bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New objective timbre parameters for classification of voice type and fach in professional opera singers
Authors: Müller Matthias , Wang Zehui , Caffier Felix , Caffier Philipp P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVoice timbre is defined as sound color independent of pitch and volume, based on a broad frequency band between 2 and 4 kHz. Since there are no specific timbre parameters, previous studies have come to the very general conclusion that the center frequencies of the singer’s formants are somewhat higher in the higher voice types than in the lower ones. For specification, a database was created containing 1723 sound examples of various voice types. The energy distribution in the frequency bands of the singer’s formants was extracted for quantitative analysis. When the energy distribution function reached 50%, the corresponding absolute frequency in Hz was defined as Frequency of Half Energy (FHE). This new parameter quantifies the timbre of a singing voice as a concrete measure, independent of fundamental frequency, vowel color and volume. The database allows assigning FHE means ± SD as characteristic or comparative values for sopranos (3092 ± 284 Hz), tenors (2705 ± 221 Hz), baritones (2454 ± 206 Hz) and basses (2384 ± 164 Hz). In addition to vibrato, specific timbre parameters provide another valuable feature in vocal pedagogy for classification of voice type and fach according to the lyric or dramatic character of the voice.
Prevention of Shiga toxin 1-caused colon injury by plant-derived recombinant IgA
Authors: Nakanishi Katsuhiro , Takase Taichi , Ohira Yuya , Ida Ryota , Mogi Noriko , Kikuchi Yuki , Matsuda Minami , Kurohane Kohta , Akimoto Yoshihiro , Hayakawa Junri , Kawakami Hayato , Niwa Yasuo , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Umemoto Eiji , Imai Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImmunoglobulin A (IgA) is a candidate antibody for oral passive immunization against mucosal pathogens like Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). We previously established a mouse IgG monoclonal antibody (mAb) neutralizing Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1), a bacterial toxin secreted by STEC. We designed cDNA encoding an anti-Stx1 antibody, in which variable regions were from the IgG mAb and all domains of the heavy chain constant region from a mouse IgA mAb. Considering oral administration, we expressed the cDNA in a plant expression system aiming at the production of enough IgA at low cost. The recombinant-IgA expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana formed the dimeric IgA, bound to the B subunit of Stx1, and neutralized Stx1 toxicity to Vero cells. Colon injury was examined by exposing BALB/c mice to Stx1 via the intrarectal route. Epithelial cell death, loss of crypt and goblet cells from the distal colon were observed by electron microscopy. A loss of secretory granules containing MUC2 mucin and activation of caspase-3 were observed by immunohistochemical methods. Pretreatment of Stx1 with the plant-based recombinant IgA completely suppressed caspase-3 activation and loss of secretory granules. The results indicate that a plant-based recombinant IgA prevented colon damage caused by Stx1 in vivo.
Characterizing phenotypic diversity in marine populations of the threespine stickleback
Authors: Fraser Ainsley Lilias , El-Sabaawi Rana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is an important model for studying the evolution of vertebrate morphology. Sticklebacks inhabit freshwater, brackish, and marine northern hemisphere waters. Anadromous and marine populations (hereafter marine) are assumed to have remained unchanged morphologically from ancestral marine sticklebacks, despite marine environments varying on regional and local scales. Recent studies suggest that genetic and phenotypic structure exists in marine populations, yet the scale of this variation, and its ecological causes remain unclear. Our goal was to assess morphological trait variation in marine stickleback populations around Southern British Columbia (BC) and determine if oceanographic and habitat characteristics were associated with this variation. Between May–July 2019, we sampled 534 sticklebacks from 15 sites around Vancouver Island, a region characterized by a large diversity of oceanographic and habitat features. We characterized trait variation using two-dimensional (2D) geometric morphometric analysis, comparing individuals between oceanographic regions and habitats. We focused on head and body shape. We found that marine sticklebacks varied morphologically among and between regions and habitats, but the variation did not appear to be related to environmental variation. Sexual dimorphism was the largest source of variation, but oceanographic and habitat variables influenced differences between sexes. We concluded that marine sticklebacks offer abundant opportunities for expanding our knowledge of drivers of morphology.
Eco-friendly method for construction of superhydrophobic graphene-based coating on copper substrate and its corrosion resistance performance
Authors: Ragheb D. M. , Abdel-Gaber A. M. , Mahgoub F. M. , Mohamed M. E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, Ni and Ni-graphene, Ni-G, films were electrodeposited on copper substrate by potentiostatic deposition. To achieve superhydrophobicity, myristic acid, MA, was used to modify the surface of the electrodeposited coatings. The manufactured Ni film modified with myristic acid, Ni-MA, and the Ni-G film modified with myristic acid, Ni-G-MA, show excellent superhydrophobic, SHP, properties with a water contact angle of 159° and 162°, respectively. The surface morphology of the prepared SHP films was investigated using a Scanning Electron Microscope, and the results revealed micro-nano structures in both Ni-MA and Ni-G-MA films. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer data showed that the Ni-MA and Ni-G-MA films were successfully grafted on the copper metal. The Ni-G-MA film possessed higher chemical stability and mechanical abrasion resistance than Ni-MA. The Ni-MA and Ni-G-MA films exhibit long-term durability in the outdoor environment for more than four months. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results demonstrated that the SHP films on the copper substrate exhibit remarkable corrosion resistance in 0.5 M NaCl.
Deep learning-based diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using brain magnetic resonance images: an empirical study
Authors: Kim Jun Sung , Han Ji Won , Bae Jong Bin , Moon Dong Gyu , Shin Jin , Kong Juhee Eliana , Lee Hyungji , Yang Hee Won , Lim Eunji , Kim Jun Yup , Sunwoo Leonard , Cho Se Jin , Lee Dongsoo , Kim Injoong , Ha Sang Won , Kang Min Ju , Suh Chong Hyun , Shim Woo Hyun , Kim Sang Joon , Kim Ki Woong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe limited accessibility of medical specialists for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can make obtaining an accurate diagnosis in a timely manner challenging and may influence prognosis. We investigated whether VUNO Med-DeepBrain AD (DBAD) using a deep learning algorithm can be employed as a decision support service for the diagnosis of AD. This study included 98 elderly participants aged 60 years or older who visited the Seoul Asan Medical Center and the Korea Veterans Health Service. We administered a standard diagnostic assessment for diagnosing AD. DBAD and three panels of medical experts (ME) diagnosed participants with normal cognition (NC) or AD using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The accuracy (87.1% for DBAD and 84.3% for ME), sensitivity (93.3% for DBAD and 80.0% for ME), and specificity (85.5% for DBAD and 85.5% for ME) of both DBAD and ME for diagnosing AD were comparable; however, DBAD showed a higher trend in every analysis than ME diagnosis. DBAD may support the clinical decisions of physicians who are not specialized in AD; this may enhance the accessibility of AD diagnosis and treatment.
Development of a bispecific antibody targeting PD-L1 and TIGIT with optimal cytotoxicity
Authors: Zhong Zhenwei , Zhang Mengyao , Ning Yanan , Mao Guanchao , Li Xiaopei , Deng Qi , Chen Xiaorui , Zuo Dongliang , Zhao Xiangyu , Xie Ermin , Wang Huajing , Guo Lina , Li Bohua , Xiao Kai , He Xiaowen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProgrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) are two potential targets for cancer immunotherapy, early clinical studies showed the combination therapy of anti-PD-L1 and anti-TIGIT had synergistic efficacy both in the terms of overall response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS). It is rational to construct bispecific antibodies targeting PD-L1 and TIGIT, besides retaining the efficacy of the combination therapy, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) can provide a new mechanism of action, such as bridging between tumor cells and T/NK cells. Here, we developed an IgG1-type bispecific antibody with optimal cytotoxicity. In this study, we thoroughly investigated 16 IgG-VHH formats with variable orientations and linker lengths, the results demonstrated that (G4S)2 linker not only properly separated two binding domains but also had the highest protein yield. Moreover, VHH-HC orientation perfectly maintained the binding and cytotoxicity activity of the variable domain of the heavy chain of heavy‐chain‐only antibody (VHH) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Following treatment with BiPT-23, tumor growth was significantly suppressed in vivo, with more cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells infiltration, and selective depletion of Regulatory T cells (Tregs). BiPT-23 represents novel immunotherapy engineered to prevent hyperprogression of cancer with PD-1 blockade, and preferentially killed PD-L1+ tumor cells, and TIGIT+ Tregs but maintained CD11b+F4/80+ immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
Evolution of pits at the surface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Benseguane Selma , Guilbert-Lepoutre Aurélie , Lasue Jérémie , Besse Sébastien , Leyrat Cédric , Beth Arnaud , Costa Sitjà Marc , Grieger Björn , Capria Maria Teresa 
Published: October 2022

Context. The observation of pits at the surface of comets offers the opportunity to take a glimpse into the properties and the mechanisms that shape a nucleus through cometary activity. If the origin of these pits is still a matter of debate, multiple studies have recently suggested that known phase transitions (such as volatile sublimation or amorphous water ice crystallization) alone could not have carved these morphological features on the surface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (hereafter 67P).
Aims. We want to understand how the progressive modification of 67P’s surface due to cometary activity might have affected the characteristics of pits and alcoves. In particular, we aim to understand whether signatures of the formation mechanism of these surface morphological features can still be identified.
Methods. To quantify the amount of erosion sustained at the surface of 67P since it arrived on its currently observed orbit, we selected 380 facets of a medium-resolution shape model of the nucleus, sampling 30 pits and alcoves across the surface. We computed the surface energy balance with a high temporal resolution, including shadowing and self-heating contributions. We then applied a thermal evolution model to assess the amount of erosion sustained after ten orbital revolutions under current illumination conditions.
Results. We find that the maximum erosion sustained after ten orbital revolutions is on the order of 80 m, for facets located in the southern hemisphere. We thus confirm that progressive erosion cannot form pits and alcoves, as local erosion is much lower than their observed depth and diameter. We find that plateaus tend to erode more than bottoms, especially for the deepest depressions, and that some differential erosion can affect their morphology. As a general rule, our results suggest that sharp morphological features tend to be erased by progressive erosion.
Conclusions. This study supports the assumption that deep circular pits, such as Seth_01, are the least processed morphological features at the surface of 67P, or the best preserved since their formation.
Synthesis of (S)-Nyasol through a Copper-Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution
Authors: Kobayashi Yuichi , Hirotsu Takayuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract(S)-Nyasol was selected as a target to demonstrate the efficiency of a copper-catalyzed substitution of secondary propargylic phosphates. The key phosphate (R)-TBDPSO(CH2)2CH[C≡C(C6H4-4-OTBS)]OP(O)(OEt)2 was synthesized from TBDPSO(CH2)2CO2H in four steps. Substitution of the phosphate with 4-TBSOC6H4MgBr in the presence of CuBr·Me2S as a catalyst in THF–DME proceeded with both stereo- and regioselectivity at the propargylic position. All the silyl groups in the propargylic product, TBDPSO(CH2)2CH[C≡C(C6H4-4-OTBS)](C6H4-4-OTBS) were removed, and the acetylene bond was reduced by using active Zn to produce the cis-olefin. Finally, the HO(CH2)2 moiety was converted into CH2=CH, giving (S)-nyasol with 97% cis selectivity, 94.5% ee, and >99% enantiospecificity. Similarly, dihydronyasol was synthesized through hydrogenation of the substitution product, followed by construction of the terminal olefin.
Sequential 1,3-Dipole Cycloaddition of Nitrile Imines with Alkenyl Isoxazoles and Aromatization: A One-Pot Access to 1,3,4-Triarylpyrazoles
Authors: Li Mei-Mei , Huang Hui , Lu Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA novel one-pot two-step process for the preparation of 1,3,4-triarylpyrazoles is disclosed. This process involves a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of alkenyl isoxazoles with nitrile imines generated in situ, followed by SnCl2-promoted aromatization/elimination reaction to give a range of 1,3,4-triarylpyrazoles in a fully regioselective manner. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, easily available raw materials, and excellent regioselectivity.
The Influence of Male- and Female-Spoken Vowel Acoustics on Envelope-Following Responses
Authors: Easwar Vijayalakshmi , Purcell David , Eeckhoutte Maaike Van , Aiken Steven J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe influence of male and female vowel characteristics on the envelope-following responses (EFRs) is not well understood. This study explored the role of vowel characteristics on the EFR at the fundamental frequency (f0) in response to the vowel /ε/ (as in “head”). Vowel tokens were spoken by five males and five females and EFRs were measured in 25 young adults (21 females). An auditory model was used to estimate changes in auditory processing that might account for talker effects on EFR amplitude. There were several differences between male and female vowels in relation to the EFR. For male talkers, EFR amplitudes were correlated with the bandwidth and harmonic count of the first formant, and the amplitude of the trough below the second formant. For female talkers, EFR amplitudes were correlated with the range of f0 frequencies and the amplitude of the trough above the second formant. The model suggested that the f0 EFR reflects a wide distribution of energy in speech, with primary contributions from high-frequency harmonics mediated from cochlear regions basal to the peaks of the first and second formants, not from low-frequency harmonics with energy near f0. Vowels produced by female talkers tend to produce lower-amplitude EFR, likely because they depend on higher-frequency harmonics where speech sound levels tend to be lower. This work advances auditory electrophysiology by showing how the EFR evoked by speech relates to the acoustics of speech, for both male and female voices.
Real-Time User Feedback to Support Clinical Decision Support System Improvement
Authors: Rubins David , McCoy Allison B. , Dutta Sayon , McEvoy Dustin S. , Patterson Lorraine , Miller Amy , Jackson John G. , Zuccotti Gianna , Wright Adam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives To improve clinical decision support (CDS) by allowing users to provide real-time feedback when they interact with CDS tools and by creating processes for responding to and acting on this feedback.
Methods Two organizations implemented similar real-time feedback tools and processes in their electronic health record and gathered data over a 30-month period. At both sites, users could provide feedback by using Likert feedback links embedded in all end-user facing alerts, with results stored outside the electronic health record, and provide feedback as a comment when they overrode an alert. Both systems are monitored daily by clinical informatics teams.
Results The two sites received 2,639 Likert feedback comments and 623,270 override comments over a 30-month period. Through four case studies, we describe our use of end-user feedback to rapidly respond to build errors, as well as identifying inaccurate knowledge management, user-interface issues, and unique workflows.
Conclusion Feedback on CDS tools can be solicited in multiple ways, and it contains valuable and actionable suggestions to improve CDS alerts. Additionally, end users appreciate knowing their feedback is being received and may also make other suggestions to improve the electronic health record. Incorporation of end-user feedback into CDS monitoring, evaluation, and remediation is a way to improve CDS.
Analysis of a Solar Cookers Box-Type with inner reflectors by using CFD
Authors: Terres H , Chávez S , Lizardi A , Lara A , Morales J , Rodríguez R , Ruiz C , Reyes M , Andrade E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work shows the results and evaluation of a solar cooker box-type by using CFD. The values indicate where the highest temperature values happen inside the solar cooker. Also, values for density and airspeed were obtained. These results show where and how density and airspeed have the most important values during the water heating process. The effects of convection as a consequence of the temperature difference can guide possible improvements in future designs of solar cookers since if geometric shapes are used that take advantage of this heat transfer mechanism, the solar heating process can be better.
Design, fabrication and characterization of nonlinear photonic crystal fibers for sources of correlated photon pairs
Authors: Sicachá Mauricio Salazar , Minkovich Vladimir P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, a series of silica glass photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) were designed through implementation of a numerical method [1] based on an experimental model that allows the calculation of chromatic dispersion from two structural parameters of the PCFs. Then, the PCFs were fabricated by stretching a structured preform using a calculated preliminary design. Some characterization techniques were implemented with the aim to find the PCF structural and optical properties. Finally, the developed PCFs were used for supercontinuum generation.
Tests of a new code that simulates the evolution of solar winds and CMEs
Authors: Guzmán F S , Mendoza Mendoza L F 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present the tests of a new code that solves Euler equations in three dimensions used to simulate the dynamics of the Solar Wind. The code is based on a finite volume discretization and uses high resolution shock capturing methods, with second order variable reconstructors and approximate flux formulae of the HLL class. It uses Cartesian coordinates and fixed mesh refinement. The equations are written in flux balance law form, which allows the evolution of conservative variables. The evolution is carried out using the method of lines with second order time integration. For the simulation of a solar wind we assume the Sun lies at the coordinate origin, and inject the fluid variables through the surface of a lego-sphere with radius 20R⊙, where all the characteristic speeds point outwards from the solar surface. We manage to obtain stationary winds that reproduce winds of literature in terms of density, velocity and temperature of the plasma. On top of the stationary wind it is possible to launch Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) that propagate through the stationary Solar Wind from the injection surface all the way to the Earth. Finally, in order to incorporate the role of orbiting satellites that monitor Solar Winds and CMEs, the code also measures wind variables at detector locations on their actual trajectories around the Sun.
Artificial vision algorithm for earth station location from CubeSats in narrow beam optical communications
Authors: Medina I , Santiago L , Hernández Gómez J J , Castillo R , Couder Castañeda C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The use of CubeSats promises several advantages within a low economical budget margin for different missions. Nowadays, data transfer through optical channels (lasercom) is considered a potential technology for satellite wireless communications, providing several advantages in terms of data transfer rate with lower energy consumption. However, a main drawback is the location of the Optical Ground Station (OGS). Therefore, an artificial vision algorithm for the processing of images captured by the camera of a CubeSat is proposed in this work, in order to carry out the identification and recognition of an OGS by means of a beacon signal, to aid the Pointing, Acquisition and Tracking (PAT) onboard subsystem for the communication’s stage.
Mesophases with chiral structure under constant electric field constrained by parallel plates with soft anchoring boundary conditions
Authors: Adapta García O , Reyes Cervantes J A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, we present a new approach based on Euler-Lagrange equilibrium equations analysed from the phase space (PS) perspective to investigate states of elastic deformation of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (N*) confined, which present an intrinsic chiral structure; between parallel plates by imposing soft anchoring boundary conditions (SAC) under a constant electric field-induced perpendicular to the plates. By minimizing the Frank-Oseen (FO) energy density, we obtain a set of equilibrium state integral equations and corresponding boundary conditions. We establish planar conditions on the plates that force the optical axis to align with a specific direction at the plates. We verify the convergence between SAC to strong anchoring conditions (SSC) whether the ratio between surface and bulk energy tends to infinity, under this condition we examine the different configurations of N* by variating the parameters of control, including a variation of potential difference. We also give a detailed derivation of the threshold electric field value, we show that above this value, there is a transition from N to N*, and below this value transition, N* to focal conic texture is observed. We discuss our results and address our conclusions.
On the importance of experiment in the development of quantum theory
Authors: Palacio Acuña C A , Ladino Luna D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article examines models and theories of energy and matter behaviour developed in microscopic experiments of quantum mechanics; the branch of physics relating to the very small, which studies the physical properties of nature at atomic scales and subatomic particles. It is based on the idea that energy, at the sub-atomic level, can only be emitted and absorbed in discrete amounts - small units – called “quanta”. We begin by remembering that the ideas of the philosopher Democritus, on the assumption of a finite division of matter, led to the search for the atom, allowing the development of what is now known as physics. It is particularly discussed how the understanding of electricity made it possible to affirm and discover the nature of the atom, not as Democritus thought, but that its existence as a basic component of matter could be verified. In this text, we make a path of experiments and ideas that led to the current model of the atom, and that allowed the development of a theory about its nature and properties. Finally, conclusions on this brief study are presented.