bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrokinetic peristaltic bioconvective Jeffrey nanofluid flow with activation energy for binary chemical reaction, radiation and variable fluid properties
Authors: Hussein Sameh A. , Ahmed Sameh E. , Arafa Anas A. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to present a comprehensive study of the non‐linear peristaltic transport within a vertical uniform/non‐uniform channel filled with a Jeffery non‐Newtonian nanofluids in the presence of oxytactic microorganisms. The thermal conductivity of the used physiological fluids is varied linearly with the temperature while Arrhenius function is applied for the activation energy. The significance of electrical and magnetic fields together with a linear radiation and viscous dissipation are analyzed. The flow and heat transfer analysis has been performed under wall slip and compliant conditions. Additionally, optimization of the system entropy under the impacts of these aspects is examined. Numerical solutions for the governing system are introduced and profiles of the velocity u, temperature θ, nanoparticle distributions φ, heat transfer coefficient z and extra stress tensor distribution for the variations of the considered parameters are discussed. The main outcomes revealed that the maximizing of the Brinkman number is better to get higher features of the extra stress tensor . Also, the velocity u, density of the microorganisms ξ and the NP distributions in the interval get lower features as is altered. However, the temperature distributions are maximized as is growing.
World Heritage Education and the Next 50 Years of the Convention: Current Pitfalls and Future Potentials of World Heritage Education
Authors: Grünberg Claudia , Zehbe Klaus-Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince its adoption in 1972, the World Heritage Convention has proven to be a remarkable global success story. Despite educational programmes being anchored from the outset in the World Heritage Convention (1972, Art. 27), UNESCO’s own 1994 World Heritage Education Programme (WHEP) has not been as successful as the World Heritage Convention itself. WHEP’s lack of grounding in educational theory, practical implementation and links to current educational debates cast serious doubts on the programme’s relevance for the next 50 years of the World Heritage Convention, potentially even threatening the continued protection of World Heritage properties. This chapter examines the status of education in the implementation of Article 27 of the World Heritage Convention and offers some foundations in educational theory to tap the potential of World Heritage Education (WHE) in the wider framework of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and Global Citizenship Education (GCEd).
Akutversorgung von Weichteilverletzungen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich
Authors: Bolooki Amir , Offergeld Christian , Hofauer Benedikt 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundWeichteilverletzungen sind häufig Folge von Traumata im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. Einheitliche Versorgungsleitlinien zu erstellen, erweist sich als schwierig, da die Verletzungsmuster der Patienten häufig hochindividuell sind. Ziel dieser Datenerhebung war es, eine Übersicht über die Verteilung der Weichteilverletzungen zu verschaffen und die Akutversorgung der einzelnen Krankheitsbilder darzustellen.Material und MethodenEs erfolgte eine retrospektive Auswertung anhand aller traumarelevanten ICD-10-Codes für Traumata des Kopfes (S00.- bis S09.-) und des Halses (S10.- bis S19.-), die in einem Zeitraum von zehn Jahren (2012 bis einschließlich 2021) an unserem Klinikum, einem zertifizierten überregionalen Traumazentrum, behandelt wurden.ErgebnisseInsgesamt wurden im Beobachtungszeitraum 8375 Patienten mit Traumata des Kopfes und Halses versorgt, also durchschnittlich 836 Patienten jährlich. Innerhalb dieses Kollektivs wurden 2981 Trauma mit Weichteilverletzungen dokumentiert. Oberflächliche Verletzungen des Kopfes (S00.-) und offene Wunden des Kopfes (S01.-) waren mit 1649 bzw. 920 Fällen die häufigsten Weichteilverletzungen des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs.SchlussfolgerungDie Fallzahlen der Weichteilverletzungen haben in der Regel einen inversen Zusammenhang zum benötigten zugrunde liegenden Trauma. Diagnosen der Kategorie S00 und S01 kommen deshalb häufiger vor als beispielsweise traumatische Amputationen in Halshöhe (S18). Penetrierende Traumata des Halses sollten gemäß aktueller Literatur nach einem sog. No-Zone-Prinzip versorgt werden. Aufgrund der niedrigen Kriminalitätsraten und strengen Waffenschutzgesetze sind Verletzungen solcher Art in Europa eher selten.
Diagnostic delay stages and pre-diagnostic treatment in patients with suspected rheumatic diseases before special care consultation: results of a multicenter-based study
Authors: Fuchs Franziska , Morf Harriet , Mohn Jacob , Mühlensiepen Felix , Ignatyev Yuriy , Bohr Daniela , Araujo Elizabeth , Bergmann Christina , Simon David , Kleyer Arnd , Vorbrüggen Wolfgang , Ramming Andreas , Distler Jörg H. W. , Bartz-Bazzanella Peter , Schett Georg , Welcker Martin , Hueber Axel J. , Knitza Johannes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEarly and effective discrimination (triage) of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) and other diseases (non-IRD) is essential for successful treatment and preventing damage. The aim of this study was to investigate diagnostic delays and pre-diagnosis treatment in patients newly presenting to rheumatology outpatient clinics. A total of 600 patients newly presenting to one university hospital and two non-academic centers were included. Time from onset of symptoms to rheumatology consultation “total delay” as well as medical treatment before consultation were recorded. Median time from symptom onset to rheumatologist appointment (total delay) was 30 weeks. Median time to online search, first physician appointment request and first physician appointment was 2, 4 and 5 weeks, respectively. Total delay was significantly shorter for IRD patients compared to non-IRD patients, 26 vs 35 weeks (p = 0.007). Only 17.7% of all patients and 22.9% of IRD patients had a delay of less than 12 weeks. Total delay was significantly lower in patients seen in non-academic centers compared to the university center, 20 vs 50 weeks (p < 0.0001). 32.2% of IRD patients received medical treatment that eased their symptoms prior to the rheumatology appointment. These findings highlight the persistent diagnostic delays in rheumatology; however, they also suggest that current triage strategies effectively lead to earlier appointments for IRD patients. Improvement of triage methods and pre-diagnosis treatment could decrease overall burden of disease in IRD patients.
Switching cell fate by the actin–auxin oscillator in Taxus: cellular aspects of plant cell fermentation
Authors: Manz Christina , Raorane Manish L. , Maisch Jan , Nick Peter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Key message
Paclitaxel synthesis in Taxus cells correlates with a cell-fate switch that leads to vacuoles of a glossy appearance and vermiform mitochondria. This switch depends on actin and apoplastic respiratory burst.

Abstract
Plant cell fermentation, the production of valuable products in plant cell culture, has great potential as sustainable alternative to the exploitation of natural resources for compounds of pharmaceutical interest. However, the success of this approach has remained limited, because the cellular aspects of metabolic competence are mostly unknown. The production of the anti-cancer alkaloid Paclitaxel has been, so far, the most successful case for this approach. In the current work, we map cellular aspects of alkaloid synthesis in cells of Taxus chinensis using a combination of live-cell imaging, quantitative physiology, and metabolite analysis. We show evidence that metabolic potency correlates with a differentiation event giving rise to cells with large vacuoles with a tonoplast that is of a glossy appearance, agglomerations of lipophilic compounds, and multivesicular bodies that fuse with the plasma membrane. Cellular features of these glossy cells are bundled actin, more numerous peroxisomes, and vermiform mitochondria. The incidence of glossy cells can be increased by aluminium ions, and this increase is significantly reduced by the actin inhibitor Latrunculin B, and by diphenylene iodonium, a specific inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase Respiratory burst oxidase Homologue (RboH). It is also reduced by the artificial auxin Picloram. This cellular fingerprint matches the implications of a model, where the differentiation into the glossy cell type is regulated by the actin–auxin oscillator that in plant cells acts as dynamic switch between growth and defence.
Die Kindermedizin im Wandel
Authors: Jenni Oskar 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Kindermedizin hat sich über die Generationen grundlegend verändert. Noch vor 150 Jahren litten die Kinder an Mangelernährung und Infektionen, nicht selten mit tödlichen Folgen. In unserem Teil der Welt überleben heute glücklicherweise die meisten Kinder und können gesund heranwachsen. Ein bedeutender medizinischer, sozialer und technischer Fortschritt haben dies ermöglicht. Welche Hintergründe haben die Entwicklungen in der Pädiatrie und was bedeuten sie für die Zukunft unseres Fachs? Ein Verständnis des Wandels der Kindermedizin im Lauf der Geschichte kann für eine Einordnung der heutigen Stellung der Pädiatrie hilfreich sein und auch einen Blick in deren Zukunft ermöglichen.In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat die Pädiatrie das einseitig biologische Menschenbild der naturwissenschaftlichen Medizin des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts überwunden und ist in der Moderne zu einer Disziplin geworden, die das Kind ganzheitlich betrachtet. Daher ist Wissen über die Entwicklung und das Verhalten von Kindern unerlässlich, um Kinder und ihre Familien in Praxis und Klinik kompetent begleiten und beraten zu können. Eltern erwarten, dass Kinderärztinnen und Kinderärzte in der Lage sind, einen vertrauensvollen Kontakt zum Kind aufzubauen und sie auch in Entwicklungs- und Erziehungsfragen unterstützen können. Wir sind daher alle aufgefordert, uns Entwicklungswissen über das Kind entsprechend anzueignen.
Collaborative agroforestry to mitigate wildfires in Extremadura, Spain: land manager motivations and perceptions of outcomes, benefits, and policy needs
Authors: Wolpert Franziska , Quintas-Soriano Cristina , Pulido Fernando , Huntsinger Lynn , Plieninger Tobias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWildfires are increasing in severity, and magnitude in the Mediterranean Basin in recent years, reaching a yearly average of 450 000 ha over the last decade. Drivers include climate change, land-use change, and land abandonment. Wildfire mitigation requires landscape-level action as impact to each parcel is affected by the conditions of the others. We conducted a case study of a regional-level initiative that develops community efforts to mitigate wildfires through silvo-pastoral agroforestry systems, using an integrated landscape management approach. This approach involves collaboration among stakeholders to achieve multiple objectives. In order to derive insights into its potential, we asked participating land managers: (1) What motivates their participation?, (2) How do they perceive initiative outcomes?, and as urban outmigrants with non-traditional goals are increasing in rural areas, (3) Do responses differ between rural and neo-rural participants? Our results show that managers feel highly affected by wildfires and are strongly motivated to reduce wildfire risk. Land abandonment and inappropriate policy were major concerns. The initiative was seen to have positive outcomes for individual participants as well as the region, and to stimulate community connectedness. We conclude that fit to local contexts, integrated landscape management can be a well-received approach to reducing wildfire risk. Agroforestry systems in Extremadura can act as “productive fuelbreaks” that reduce fire risk over extensive areas, while restoring traditional landscapes. We suggest that programs to reduce wildfire risk can also be used as a leverage point for financing rural revival and provision of multiple ecosystem services.
Numerical investigation of flow over a two-dimensional square cylinder with a synthetic jet generated by a bi-frequency signal
Authors: Lu Yiran , Qu Yuan , Wang Jiangsheng , Wang Jinjun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe flow around a square cylinder with a synthetic jet positioned at the rear surface is numerically investigated with the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) method. Instead of the typical sinusoidal wave, a bi-frequency signal is adopted to generate the synthetic jet. The bi-frequency signal consists of a basic sinusoidal wave and a high-frequency wave. Cases with various amplitudes of the high-frequency component are simulated. It is found that synthetic jets actuated by bi-frequency signals can realize better drag reduction with lower energy consumption when appropriate parameter sets are applied. A new quantity, i.e., the actuation efficiency Ae, is used to evaluate the controlling efficiency. The actuation efficiency Ae reaches its maximum of 0.266 8 when the amplitude of the superposed high-frequency signal is 7.5% of the basic signal. The vortex structures and frequency characteristics are subsequently analyzed to investigate the mechanism of the optimization of the bi-frequency signal. When the synthetic jet is actuated by a single-frequency signal with a characteristic velocity of 0.112 m/s, the wake is asymmetrical. The alternative deflection of vortex pairs and the peak at half of the excitation frequency in the power spectral density (PSD) function are detected. In the bi-frequency cases with the same characteristic velocity, the wake gradually turns to be symmetrical with the increase in the amplitude of the high-frequency component. Meanwhile, the deflection of the vortex pairs and the peak at half of the excitation frequency gradually disappear as well.
On the Interpretation and Measurement of Technology-Adjusted Emissions Embodied in Trade
Authors: Darwili Aldy , Schröder Enno 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe propose a new method for standardizing the production technology at the world average level and derive interpretations for the resulting carbon emission concepts. The technology-adjusted emission balance measures net weak carbon leakage defined as the difference between the foreign emissions avoided by exports and the foreign emissions generated by imports. We use global multi-regional input–output tables to document the variable’s spatio-temporal variation for 49 economies between 1995 and 2015. There is a positive cross-country correlation between net leakage and per-capita income. Changes in net leakage are generally small and do not account for country-specific emission trends, that is, domestic emission decreases were not offset by foreign emission increases.
An Elementary Model of Focal Adhesion Detachment and Reattachment During Cell Reorientation Using Ideas from the Kinetics of Wiggly Energies
Authors: Abeyaratne Rohan , Puntel Eric , Tomassetti Giuseppe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA simple, transparent, two-dimensional, nonlinear model of cell reorientation is constructed in this paper. The cells are attached to a substrate by “focal adhesions” that transmit the deformation of the substrate to the “stress fibers” in the cell. When the substrate is subjected to a deformation, say an in-plane bi-axial deformation with stretches $\lambda _{1}$

λ
1

and $\lambda _{2}$

λ
2

, the stress fibers deform with it and change their length and orientation. In addition, the focal adhesions can detach from the substrate and reattach to it at new nearby locations, and this process of detachment and reattachment can happen many times. In this scenario the (varying) fiber angle $\Theta $
Θ
in the reference configuration plays the role of an internal variable. In addition to the elastic energy of the stress fibers, the energy associated with the focal adhesions is accounted for by a wiggly energy $\epsilon a \cos \Theta /\epsilon $
ϵ
a
cos
Θ
/
ϵ
, $0 < \epsilon \ll 1$
0
<
ϵ
≪
1
. Each local minimum of this energy corresponds to a particular configuration of the focal adhesions. The small amplitude $\epsilon a$
ϵ
a
indicates that the energy barrier between two neighboring configurations is relatively small, and the small distance $2 \pi \epsilon $
2
π
ϵ
between the local minima indicates that a focal adhesion does not have to move very far before it reattaches. The evolution of this system is studied using a gradient flow kinetic law, which is homogenized for $\epsilon \to 0$
ϵ
→
0
using results from weak convergence. The results determine $(a)$
(
a
)
a region of the $\lambda _{1}$

λ
1

, $\lambda _{2}$

λ
2

-plane in which the (referential) fiber orientation remains stuck at the angle $\Theta $
Θ
and does not evolve, and $(b)$
(
b
)
the evolution of the orientation when the stretches move out of this region as the fibers seek to minimize energy.
Machine learning techniques in additive manufacturing: a state of the art review on design, processes and production control
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Gopi T. , Harikeerthana N. , Gupta Munish Kumar , Gaur Vidit , Krolczyk Grzegorz M. , Wu ChuanSong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor several industries, the traditional manufacturing processes are time-consuming and uneconomical due to the absence of the right tool to produce the products. In a couple of years, machine learning (ML) algorithms have become more prevalent in manufacturing to develop items and products with reduced labor cost, time, and effort. Digitalization with cutting-edge manufacturing methods and massive data availability have further boosted the necessity and interest in integrating ML and optimization techniques to enhance product quality. ML integrated manufacturing methods increase acceptance of new approaches, save time, energy, and resources, and avoid waste. ML integrated assembly processes help creating what is known as smart manufacturing, where technology automatically adjusts any errors in real-time to prevent any spillage. Though manufacturing sectors use different techniques and tools for computing, recent methods such as the ML and data mining techniques are instrumental in solving challenging industrial and research problems. Therefore, this paper discusses the current state of ML technique, focusing on modern manufacturing methods i.e., additive manufacturing. The various categories especially focus on design, processes and production control of additive manufacturing are described in the form of state of the art review.
Inverse Scale Space Iterations for Non-Convex Variational Problems: The Continuous and Discrete Case
Authors: Bednarski Danielle , Lellmann Jan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNonlinear filtering approaches allow to obtain decomposition of images with respect to a non-classical notion of scale, induced by the choice of a convex, absolutely one-homogeneous regularizer. The associated inverse scale space flow can be obtained using the classical Bregman iteration with quadratic data term. We apply the Bregman iteration to lifted, i.e., higher-dimensional and convex, functionals in order to extend the scope of these approaches to functionals with arbitrary data term. We provide conditions for the subgradients of the regularizer – in the continuous and discrete setting– under which this lifted iteration reduces to the standard Bregman iteration. We show experimental results for the convex and non-convex case.
A New Family of Thermodynamically Compatible Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Continuum Mechanics and Turbulent Shallow Water Flows
Authors: Busto Saray , Dumbser Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work we propose a new family of high order accurate semi-discrete discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element schemes for the thermodynamically compatible discretization of overdetermined first order hyperbolic systems. In particular, we consider a first order hyperbolic model of turbulent shallow water flows, as well as the unified first order hyperbolic Godunov–Peshkov–Romenski (GPR) model of continuum mechanics, which is able to describe at the same time viscous fluids and nonlinear elastic solids at large deformations. Both PDE systems treated in this paper belong to the class of hyperbolic and thermodynamically compatible systems, since both satisfy an entropy inequality and the total energy conservation can be obtained as a directconsequenceof all other governing equations via suitable linear combination with the corresponding thermodynamic dual variables. In this paper, we mimic this process for the first time also at the semi-discrete level at the aid of high order discontinuous Galerkin finite element schemes. For the GPR model wedirectlydiscretize theentropy inequalityand obtaintotal energy conservationas a consequence of a suitable discretization of all other evolution equations. For turbulent shallow water flows we directly discretize the nonconservative evolution equations related to the Reynolds stress tensor and obtain total energy conservation again as a result of the thermodynamically compatible discretization. As a consequence, for continuum mechanics the new DG schemes satisfy a cell entropy inequality directlyby constructionand thanks to the discrete thermodynamic compatibility they are provablynonlinearly stablein the energy norm for both systems under consideration.
Effect of a Spatially Fluctuating Heating of Particles in a Plasma Spray Process
Authors: Zhu T. , Baeva M. , Testrich H. , Kewitz T. , Foest R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe work is concerned with the effect of a spatially fluctuating heating of Al2O3 particles with diameters of 5–120 μm during a plasma spray process. A plasma jet is generated in a mixture of Ar (40 NLPM) and H2 (14 NLPM) and in pure Ar at an electric current of 600 A. The tracing of the injected particles in the plume region of the plasma jets is considered in the framework of a three-dimensional model taking into account a turbulent fluid flow. It is shown that the heat source for the injected particles exhibits a well pronounced spatially fluctuating structure due to the enhancement of the thermal conductivity resulting from dissociation and ionization of the molecular gas in the temperature range of 2500–4000 K and 13,000–14,000 K, respectively. During their travel towards the substrate, the particles are therefore repeatedly heated in the gas mixture in contrast to the case of pure argon. Particles injected in the gas mixture reach the substrate with a higher average temperature and velocity.
Universities vs. research institutes? Overcoming the Soviet legacy of higher education and research
Authors: Lovakov Andrey , Chankseliani Maia , Panova Anna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUniversities and non-university research institutes have been recognised as two key sectors producing research globally. The Soviet model of research organisation included a large network of research institutes, affiliated with the USSR Academy of Sciences and republican academies, as well as industry research institutes, affiliated with sectoral ministries. Universities played a minor role in research. Post-Soviet higher education and research systems went through reforms in the last three decades which led to changes in the patterns of knowledge production. This study offers an overview of the reforms and a bibliometric analysis of 319410 publications in journals indexed in the Web of Science database to examine how selected post-Soviet countries have overcome the Soviet legacy of organisational separation of higher education and research. While universities now produce the bulk of research output in selected countries, in the majority of national contexts, Academies of Sciences continue to be important players in research.