bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Catastrophic Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures in Ghana
Authors: Sataru Fuseini , Twumasi-Ankrah Kwame , Seddoh Anthony 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionGhana implemented a universal health coverage scheme aimed at attaining financial risk protection against catastrophic out-of-pocket health expenditures. The effort has yielded mixed benefits for the different socio-economic profiles of the population. The present study estimates the incidence of catastrophic payments among Ghanaian households.MethodsThe study analyzed the round seven dataset of the Ghana Living Standards Survey collected between 2016 and 2017. We estimated the incidence and intensity of catastrophic payments for total household consumption and non-food consumption for a range of thresholds. The analysis further weighted the measures of catastrophic payments to determine the distribution sensitivity.ResultsAs the threshold increased from 10 to 25% of total household consumption, the incidence of catastrophic payments dropped from 1.0 to 0.1%. At the 40% threshold of non-food consumption, the estimated incidence was 0.2%. For both total household consumption and non-food consumption, the concentration indices were negative at all the thresholds. The results were indicative of a higher concentration of financial catastrophe among the poorest households and significant inequalities in the incidence between the poorest and richest households.ConclusionThe study confirmed the declining trend in the general incidence of catastrophic health expenditures in Ghana. However, the incidence and risk of financial catastrophe remained disproportionately higher among the poorest households, which is instructive of gaps in financial risk protection coverage. The Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme must therefore strengthen its targeting and enrolment of this sub-population group to reduce their vulnerability to catastrophic payments.
Research Progress of Ponticulus Posticus: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Xu Xiaoyan , Zhu Yuefeng , Ding Xing , Yin Mengchen , Mo Wen , Ma Junming 
Published: March 2022

Study DesignNarrative review.ObjectiveThe purpose of this review was to consolidate the current literature related to ponticulus posticus (PP) and to improve the systematic understanding of this anatomical variant of atlas among spine surgeons.MethodsArticles reviewed were searched in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase. All articles of any study design discussing on PP were considered for inclusion. Two independent authors read article titles and abstracts and included appropriate articles. The relevant articles were studied in full text.ResultsA total of 113 literatures were reviewed and consolidated in this narrative review. These articles are roughly divided into the following five subcategories: (1) epidemiology, (2) pathology and anatomy, (3) clinical presentation, (4) surgical significance, and (5) radiographic examination.ConclusionThe PP is non-negligible with a high prevalence. The PP compresses the V3 segment of the artery, the suboccipital nerve, and the venous plexus, consequently contributing to the incidence of neurological pathologies. When a PP is observed or suspected on a lateral radiograph, we recommend that a computed tomography (CT) scan of a patient who is about to receive a C1 lateral mass screw (C1LMS) should be performed, which could determine a safe entry point and the right trajectory of screw insertion.
Contamination Associated With Glove Changing Techniques in the Operating Theatre
Authors: Boekel Pamela , Ek Eugene T. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSterility of the operative field during surgery is imperative in reducing the risk of infection. Most commonly, double gloves are worn by surgeons. When contamination occurs, the top gloves are changed intra-operatively. No studies have investigated which glove changing technique is best. Therefore, in this study, we aim to identify which top glove changing technique causes the least surface contamination.MethodsGlitterbug™ (UV fluorescent powder) was applied to the top gloves of 3 individuals who changed their top gloves according to a randomised method – Method 1: 3 pairs worn, remove the outer pair; Method 2: 2 pairs worn, remove the top glove, replace unassisted; and Method 3: 2 pairs worn, remove the top glove, and replace assisted by a scrub nurse. A blinded investigator inspected for Glitterbug™ contamination under UV light.ResultsTwo hundred and ten trials were performed and two types of contamination were identified, namely, direct contact and airborne spread. For absolute contamination, Method 1 had 59/64 (92%) contaminated trials, Method 2 had 49/65 (75%) contaminated trials, and Method 3 had 64/81 (79%) contaminated trials. This was statistically significant (p = 0.031). For direct contamination only, Method 1 had 38/64 (59%) contaminated trials, Method 2 had 24/65 (37%) contaminated trials, and Method 3 had 20/81 (25%) contaminated trials. This was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionsMethod 2 had a statistically significant lower contamination rate overall, with Method 3 having the lowest direct contamination rate. We believe that wearing 2 gloves, removing the top glove and replacing it, either assisted or unassisted, could decrease surface contamination of the sterile field.
The Best Evidence for the Prevention and Management of Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis After Gynecological Malignant Tumor Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Jiaqi , Geng Yidan , Ma Jingyi , Dong Xuefan , Fang Shuqin , Tian Jianli 
Published: March 2022

Background:To search and obtain the relevant evidence of prevention and management of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after gynecological malignant tumor operation and to summarize the relevant evidence.MethodsWe searched the JBI evidence summary, up to date, the national comprehensive cancer network of the United States, the guide library of the National Institute of clinical medicine of the United Kingdom, PubMed, the Chinese biomedical literature database, CNKI, Wanfang, and other relevant evidence on the prevention and management of DVT in patients with gynecological malignant tumors. It includes clinical practice guidelines, best practice information book, expert consensus, evidence summary, original research, etc. The retrieval time limit is from database establishment till August 20, 2021. Two researchers independently evaluated the literature quality, combined with professional judgment, and extracted the literature that met the standards.ResultsFinally, 18 literatures were included, including eight guidelines, three evidence summaries, four systematic evaluations, two expert consensuses, and one best practice information volume. A total of 26 pieces of the best evidence on the prevention and management of postoperative venous thrombosis in gynecological malignant tumors were summarized. It includes risk assessment, drug prevention, mechanical prevention, management strategy, and health education.ConclusionThis study summarized the best evidence of risk, prevention, and health management of DVT in postoperative patients with gynecological malignant tumors to provide evidence-based basis for clinical nurses and to improve the nursing level.
Clinical Analysis of Factors Influencing the Development of Placenta Praevia and Perinatal Outcomes in First-Time Pregnant Patients
Authors: Zhou Chunhua , Zhao Yang , Li Yongmei 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors associated with the development of placenta praevia (PP) in first-time pregnant patients and to observe the perinatal clinical outcomes of patients.MethodsThe clinical data of 112 pregnant women with PP (PP group) and 224 pregnant women with normal placental position (general group) who delivered in our hospital from August 2016 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline demographic data such as age, gestational week, uterine history, assisted reproductive technology use, pregnancy comorbidities, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, placental position, educational level, work were collected from both groups, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of PP in patients with first pregnancy. Perinatal outcomes such as implementation of hemostatic treatment (uterine balloon compression, arterial ligation, and B-Lynch suture), maternal postpartum related indicators (amount of postpartum bleeding, incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, blood transfusion rate, blood transfusion volume, and length of hospital stay), and neonatal condition (birth weight, Apgar score at 1 and 5 min after birth) were counted and compared between the two groups.ResultsHistories of endometriosis, use of assisted reproductive technology, and smoking or secondhand smoke inhalation were all high risk factors for PP in patients with first pregnancies, and the proportion of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes was significantly higher in the PP group than in the general group (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionHistories of endometriosis, smoking (secondhand smoke), and use of assisted reproductive technologies are independent risk factors for PP in patients with first pregnancies, which can increase the risk of labor and death of the newborn.
THE CONCEPT OF A “WARM” CITY IN THE ARCTIC: BASIC IDEAS OF COMFORT IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT (THE CASE OF WESTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA)
Authors: Prokopova S. 
Published: March 2022

Arctic architecture has continuously been developing as a fusion of approaches: from creating cities under domes to bringing mainstream built environments up to high latitudes. It still is a frontier for urban studies, design and architecture. This article reports a work currently in progress and aims to introduce the concept of an emotionally “warm” Arctic city.
We perceive Arctic city cold both in physical and mental ways. Physical coldness is connected to the material urban environment. In the case of the Russian Arctic (particularly, Western Siberia), architecture and urban design became ideological tools of “normalising” the region during vast industrial development in the last century. Hence, a city in the High North replicates the visual appearance and infrastructure of a Soviet/Russian city in a temperate climate. The unadapted urban environment adds to the emotional “coldness” of Arctic city. Most industrial cities in the Russian Arctic function as a base for the fly-in-fly-out (FIFO) method for the ongoing oil and gas mining development. The city is perceived as a temporary state of living, influencing one’s physical and mental well-being and shaping unsustainable attitudes towards the region.
The concept of a “Warm” city is a system of design and architectural tools aiming to make physically comfortable and emotionally mindful for inhabitants of the Arctic city. By analysing global and local examples (theoretical and practical works), we discuss opportunities to create an urban “shell” for protecting and sustaining human physical and mental wellbeing in the extreme environment of the Arctic.
COLD SMART EXTREME
Authors: Sokolova A. , Sosina A. , Hristoforova E. 
Published: March 2022

The cold winter is a challenge not only for us, but also for our smartphones. To prevent this, we concluded that the best solution in such a situation is to sew cases to protect our smartphones from the cold. We took into account the practicality of creating a product and usability. For the basis, we chose penofol as the most frost-resistant material in the conditions of our Yakut winter. Penofol now is used everywhere: to insulate clothes, houses, etc. For the shape of our covers, we chose a book for the convenience of use outside the home.
As the experiment progressed, it show how each participant's phone reacted. IPHONE 6/6S and REDMI 4A brand phones were used in the experiment. During the study, we noticed that the phone lasted much longer with our cases than without them. In Yakutsk weather between -33 ºC and -40 ºC the phones went through a series of tests, namely, we compared how the gadget behaves and what happens when it shuts down.
The main results of our experiment showed that with our covers the devices last on the street for a long time, which is necessary in conditions of extremely low temperatures in winter in Yakutia.
Relationship Between Health Anxiety and Compliance Preventive Behaviors with Health Literacy in the COVID-19 Process
Authors: AKYOL GÜNER Türkan 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Health literacy levels of individuals are very important during epidemic periods such as COVID-19. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between adaptation to preventive behavior and health anxiety with health literacy level in the COVID-19 process.
Material and Methods: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The data were collected between January and April 2021 via Google Drive Form. The study involved 428 people who met the inclusion criteria working in a Provincial Municipality in north-west Turkey. The data were collected using Socio-demographic and compliance to preventive behavior data form, “Turkey Health Literacy Scale” and “Health Anxiety Scale”.
Results: Participants in the study were found to have adequate health literacy (35.51 ± 7.13). It was observed that the level of adequate health literacy of individuals during the COVID-19 process were effective complying with preventive behavior. It was found that there was a significant negative correlation between the health literacy score averages and the health anxiety score averages (r= -0.459, p=0.000).
Conclusion: Health literacy education and counseling services especially by those working in the field of primary health care and public health, can reduce health anxiety by increasing the adaptation of individuals to preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 period.
Evaluasi Radiologi pada Kasus Fraktur Basis Kranii
Authors: Angelika Irene , Prasetyo Eko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Skull base fractures, namely fractures that extend through the base of the anterior, middle, or posterior cranial fossa that occur in about 7% to 16% of non-perforating head injuries, are caused by trauma with relatively high velocity, and are most frequently caused by a high-speed motor vehicle accident. Pedestrian injuries, falls and assault are other related causes. Penetrating trauma, especially gunshot wounds, is much rarer and accounts for less than 10% of cases. This research method is in the form of literature review. The literature was collected using several databases, such as ClinicalKey and Google Scholar with the keywords radiology and base skull fracture, this article was obtained according to keywords and was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. There are 11 journals full text that will be reviewed according to the criteria consisting of one retrospective study, one clinical review, two literature reviews, three review articles, one prospective study, one case report, one descriptive study and one comparative study. This study shows that 11 literature reviews radiological evaluation in the case of cranii basis. In conclusion, radiology is the most important examination required in patients who are suspected of suffering from fracture of the base cranii is a non-contrast head CT scan.. Other radiological examinations that can be used are plain radiographs of the head, and angiography.Key words: Skull base fractures, basis cranii, radiology Abstrak: Fraktur basis cranii, yaitu fraktur yang meluas melalui dasar fossa kranial anterior, tengah, atau posterior yang terjadi pada sekitar 7% hingga 16% dari cedera kepala non-perforans, disebabkan oleh trauma dengan kecepatan yang relatif tinggi, dan paling sering disebabkan oleh kecelakaan kendaraan bermotor berkecepatan tinggi. Cedera pejalan kaki, jatuh, dan penyerangan adalah penyebab terkait lainnya. Trauma tembus, terutama luka tembak jauh lebih jarang dan terhitung kurang dari 10% kasus. Metode penelitian ini dalam bentuk studi pustaka (lirerature review). Literature di kumpulkan menggunakan beberapa database, seperti ClinicalKey dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci radiology dan base skull fracture, artikel ini didapatkan sesuai dengan kata kunci dan dilakukan skrining sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Terdapat 11 jurnal full text yang akan dilakukan review yang sesuai kriteria terdiri atas satu retrospective study, satu clinical review, dua literature review, tiga review article, satu prospective study, satu case report, satu descriptive study dan satu comparative study. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 11 literatur mengulas tentang evaluasi radiologi pada kasus basis cranii. Sebagai simpulan, radiologis merupakan pemeriksaan paling utama yang diperlukan pada pasien yang dicurigai menderita fraktur basis cranii adalah pemeriksaan CT-Scan non kontras kepala.. Pemeriksaan radiologi lain yang dapat digunakan adalah pemeriksaan foto polos kepala, dan angiografi.Kata kunci: Patah tulang dasar kepala, basis kranii, radiologi
The Behavior of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Monitoring Blood Glucose Levels and Foot Care: A Cross-sectional, Community-Based Study
Authors: Joeliantina Anita , Proboningsih Jujuk , Anugrahini Hepta Nur , Mejilla Joylyn L. 
Published: March 2022

Hyperglycemia in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can lead to complications such as diabetic foot ulcers. Therefore, efforts are needed to prevent this chronic complication through proper foot care. This study aimed to determine the behavior of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in performing blood glucose monitoring and correct foot care. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a sample size of 125 patients with T2DM from the Community Health Center in Surabaya Indonesia. Data was collected with the use of a self-made questionnaire from May to October 2018. The variables of the study were patient characteristics, random blood glucose levels, blood glucose monitoring and foot care skills. The data analysis used was Spearman rho to determine the factors associated with foot care behaviors. Fifty-six percent (56%) of the participants have poor behavior on foot care, 36 % have moderate and only 7.2% have good. Factors that were significantly associated with foot care behavior were signs and symptoms (p = 0.023), blood glucose monitoring (p = .000), and random blood glucose levels (p = 0.040). The behaviors of patients with T2DM in blood glucose monitoring and foot care need to be improved to prevent complications from diabetic foot ulcers. Nurses must provide health education about the importance of regular foot care to patients and their families. The results of this study can be used to further improve the programs and services to prevent DM and delay the progression of chronic complications like diabetic foot ulcers at the community level.
Visi Pendidikan Berbasis Agama, Filsafat, Psikologi, Dan Sosiologi
Authors: Mas'amah Siti , Nurjaman Ujang , Fatkhulloh Faiz Karim 
Published: March 2022

<p><em>Kegiatan yang dilakukan manusia berupa pendidikan juga tak terlepas dari faktor psikologis. Faktor psikologis menjadi landasan dalam pendidikan dikarenakan kegiatan pendidikan melibatkan kejiwaan manusia. Landasan psikologis menjadi penting dikarenakan pendidikan umunya berkaitan erat dengan pemahaman dan penghayatan akan perkembangan manusia, khususnya proses belajar mengajar. Landasan psikologi tentu harus memiliki pedoman. Landasan atau prinsip pendidikan adalah ketentuan-ketentuan yang dijadikan pedoman atau pegangan dalam melaksanakan pendidikan agar tujuannya tercapai dengan benar dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Landasan yang dianut dalam pendidikan berpedoman pada azas yang dibuat oleh Komisi Pembaharuan Pendidikan, salah satu asa yang pertama adalah ide dari Ki Hajar Dewantara yaitu Ing Ngarsa Sung Tuladha, Ing Madya Mangun Karsa, dan Tut Wuri Handayani. Landasan dan Asas yang diberlakukan dalam dunia pendidikan memiliki fungsi yang merupakan serangkaian tugas atau misi yang diemban. Fungsi pendidikan itu sendiri adalah menyiapkan sebagai manusia, menyiapkan tenaga kerja dan menyiapakna warga negara yang baik. Basis agama, filsafat, psikologis dan sosiologis dalam visi pendidikan sebagai tempat bertumpu atau dasar dalam melakukan analisis kritis terhadap kaidah-kaidah dan kenyataan tentang kebijakan dan praktik pendidikan. Kajian analisis kritis terhadap kaidah dan kenyataan tersebut dapat dijadikan titik tumpu atau dasar dalam upaya penemuan kebijakan dan Pratik pendidikan yang tepat guna dan bernilai guna. Dengan kata lain, dapat dikatakan bahwa landasan pendidikan merupakan dasar bagi upaya pengembangan kependidikan dalam segala aspeknya. Landasan pendidikan terdiri dari beberapa jenis, yaitu landasan filosofis, landasan sosiologis, landasan hukum, landasan kultural, landasan psilokogis, lndasan ilmiah dan ternologi, landasan ekonomi, landasan sejarah, dan landasan religius.</em></p>
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN ACTIVE LEARNING TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER ISLAMI SISWA SMPN 4 TANJUNGPINANG-KEPULAUAN RIAU
Authors: Aini Wirdatul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study is triggered by the current students’ condition in the Islamic religious education class, which are mostly lack of participation, lack of activeness, and lack of acting with good character. To cope with the problems, this study implemented Active learning in Islamic religious education as a way to shape students’ Islamic characters in SMP N 4 Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau. The research method used is a quantitative method with the type of survey research. The results of calculations from questionnaire data or questionnaire distribution state that there is a positive and significant influence between the X variable "active learning approach" on Islamic religious education learning in shaping the Islamic character of students at SMP Negeri 4 Tanjung Pinang. This is in accordance with the results of the calculation of a simple linear regression test, namely equal to 61.0%, while the rest is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. This finding indicates that the initial hypothesis is accepted. Another finding from this research is that there are religious programs implemented by schools which are also a supporting factor in shaping the Islamic character of students