bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PDE-Based Group Equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Smets Bart M. N. , Portegies Jim , Bekkers Erik J. , Duits Remco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a PDE-based framework that generalizes Group equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks (G-CNNs). In this framework, a network layer is seen as a set of PDE-solvers where geometrically meaningful PDE-coefficients become the layer’s trainable weights. Formulating our PDEs on homogeneous spaces allows these networks to be designed with built-in symmetries such as rotation in addition to the standard translation equivariance of CNNs. Having all the desired symmetries included in the design obviates the need to include them by means of costly techniques such as data augmentation. We will discuss our PDE-based G-CNNs (PDE-G-CNNs) in a general homogeneous space setting while also going into the specifics of our primary case of interest: roto-translation equivariance. We solve the PDE of interest by a combination of linear group convolutions and nonlinear morphological group convolutions with analytic kernel approximations that we underpin with formal theorems. Our kernel approximations allow for fast GPU-implementation of the PDE-solvers; we release our implementation with this article in the form of the LieTorch extension to PyTorch, available at https://gitlab.com/bsmetsjr/lietorch. Just like for linear convolution, a morphological convolution is specified by a kernel that we train in our PDE-G-CNNs. In PDE-G-CNNs, we do not use non-linearities such as max/min-pooling and ReLUs as they are already subsumed by morphological convolutions. We present a set of experiments to demonstrate the strength of the proposed PDE-G-CNNs in increasing the performance of deep learning-based imaging applications with far fewer parameters than traditional CNNs.
Operator-valued Camassa–Holm systems and their integrability
Authors: Prykarpatskyy Yarema , Vovk Myroslava , Pukach Petro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study a Sturm–Liouville-type operator with operator-valued coefficients and its iso-spectral deformations, related to a new two-component Camassa–Holm-type completely integrable dynamical systems. Based on a specially devised gradient-holonomic scheme, generalizing the one before developed for studying a Sturm–Liouville-type spectral problem on a spatially multidimensional Hilbert–Schmidt operator-valued Hilbert space, we constructed the related two compatible Poisson structures and an infinite hierarchy of commuting to each other conservation laws of the derived two-component Camassa–Holm-type Hamiltonian system. The latter makes it possible to state under some additional constraints its complete integrability, and in particular, to develop the corresponding inverse spectral-type-based method for constructing its exact solutions.
Feasibility Studies of Nebulized SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody in Mice and Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Jia Jilei , Yin Zhaojuan , Zhang Xiao , Li Huimin , Meng Dan , Liu Qianqian , Wang Hongfang , Han Meng , Suo Shixiang , Liu Yan , Hu Ping , Sun Chunyun , Li Jing , Xie Liangzhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Neutralizing antibodies, administrated through intravenous infusion, have shown to be highly efficacious in treating mild and moderate COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung. However, antibodies do not transport across the plasma-lung barrier efficiently, and up to 100 mg/kg dose was used in human causing significant supply and cost burdens. This study was to explore the feasibility of nebulized antibodies inhalation delivery as an alternative route.

Methods
HB27, a potent RBD-specific humanized monoclonal antibody (Zhu et al. in National Sci Rev. 8:nwaa297, 2020), showed excellent protection against SARS-CoV-2 in animal model and good safety profile in clinical studies. The pharmacokinetics and preliminary safety of HB27 administrated through the respiratory tract were studied in mice and cynomolgus monkeys here.

Results
At a single 5 mg/kg dose, the peak HB27 concentration in mice pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) reached 857.8 μg/mL, 670-fold higher than the PRNT90 value of 1.28 μg/mL, and maintained above PRNT90 over 240 h. In contrast, when administrated by intravenous injection at a 5 mg/kg dose, the antibody concentrations in mice ELF were below PRNT90 value throughout, and were about 50-fold lower than that in the serum. In cynomolgus monkeys administrated with a single dose through inhalation, the antibody concentration in ELF remained high within 3 days. No drug-related safety concerns were observed in the studies.

Conclusions
The study demonstrated that nebulized neutralizing antibody delivery though inhalation could be a more efficient and efficacious alternative approach for treating COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases, and warrants further evaluation in clinical studies.
Mechanisms of nitrogen transfer in a model clover-ryegrass pasture: a 15N-tracer approach
Authors: Reay Michaela K. , Pears Katrina A. , Kuhl Alison , Evershed Richard P. , Murray Phillip J. , Cardenas Laura M. , Dungait Jennifer A. J. , Bull Ian D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose

Nitrogen (N) transfer from white clover (Trifolium repens cv.) to ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv.) has the potential to meet ryegrass N requirements. This study aimed to quantify N transfer in a mixed pasture and investigate the influence of the microbial community and land management on N transfer.

Methods
Split root 15N-labelling of clover quantified N transfer to ryegrass via exudation, microbial assimilation, decomposition, defoliation and soil biota. Incorporation into the microbial protein pool was determined using compound-specific 15N-stable isotope probing approaches.

Results
N transfer to ryegrass and soil microbial protein in the model system was relatively small, with one-third arising from root exudation. N transfer to ryegrass increased with no microbial competition but soil microbes also increased N transfer via shoot decomposition. Addition of mycorrhizal fungi did not alter N transfer, due to the source-sink nature of this pathway, whilst weevil grazing on roots decreased microbial N transfer. N transfer was bidirectional, and comparable on a short-term scale.

Conclusions
N transfer was low in a model young pasture established from soil from a permanent grassland with long-term N fertilisation. Root exudation and decomposition were major N transfer pathways. N transfer was influenced by soil biota (weevils, mycorrhizae) and land management (e.g. grazing). Previous land management and the role of the microbial community in N transfer must be considered when determining the potential for N transfer to ryegrass.
Diagnosis as Subculture: Subversions of Health and Medical Knowledges in the Orthorexia Recovery Community on Instagram
Authors: Ross Arguedas Amy A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiagnoses are powerful tools that fulfill various practical and symbolic functions. In this paper, I examine how a contested diagnosis called orthorexia nervosa has been taken up by users on Instagram, where tens of thousands of posts engage with the topic, many of them from individuals who identify with the condition. I put scholarship on medicalization and diagnosis in conversation with literature on subcultures to foreground the subversive work that is enabled through this diagnosis. Drawing on more than 350 hours of online ethnographic fieldwork and 34 in-depth interviews, I examine how participants construct a shared identity, draw on common language and norms, and undertake collective practices, as they negotiate dominant understandings of health. I show how they draw on the legitimacy endowed by the diagnostic label to validate and make sense of experiences of suffering but also to counter dominant health-seeking discourses, practices, and aesthetics in an online space where these are highly visible and valued. I also discuss some ways Instagram as a digital platform shapes its uptake by this community in meaningful ways. On the one hand, participants draw heavily on the language and framing of medicine to make sense of their fraught experiences with food and their bodies, effectively advocating for the medicalization of their own suffering while also creating a sense of community and shared identity. However, on the other hand, they actively use the diagnosis and the recovery process enabled through it to effectively resignify dominant beliefs, values, and practices that are experienced as injurious, including some that are particularly prevalent on Instagram.
The association between obstructive sleep apnoea and wound healing: a systematic review
Authors: Bartolo Kyra , Hill Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common, significantly underdiagnosed sleep-related breathing disorder, characterised by upper airway collapse and resultant intermittent hypoxia. Oxygen plays an important role in collagen synthesis and as a result in wound healing. An association between OSA and wound healing has not been clearly delineated. A systematic review was performed to understand this association.

Methods
Randomised controlled trials, cohort, cross-sectional and case–control studies evaluating the relationship between OSA or OSA-related symptoms and wound healing in adult populations were searched in the systematic review using electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE and Ovid MEDLINE.

Main results
A total of 11 cohort studies and 1 case–control study with a total of 58,198,463 subjects were included. Most studies suggest that patients diagnosed with OSA or who are at high risk of having OSA are more likely to suffer from wound complications. Patients with OSA have been found to be at higher risk for post-operative wound infection and wound dehiscence. Contradictory results were obtained on time to heal, with one study concluding that individuals with OSA were more likely to heal earlier when compared to patients without OSA. Quality of evidence, however, was deemed very low due to high risk of bias.

Conclusions
This systematic review did identify an association between OSA and wound healing. However, due to the very low-quality evidence, further research is warranted to better characterise this association and investigate whether or not treating OSA can indeed affect wound healing.
Impact of weathered multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the epithelial cells of the intestinal tract in the freshwater grazers Lymnaea stagnalis and Rhithrogena semicolorata
Authors: Weise Katrin , Kurth Thomas , Schmidt Anna , Winkelmann Carola , Becker Jochen , Kretschmar Susanne , Berendonk Thomas Ulrich , Jungmann Dirk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFreshwater grazers are suitable organisms to investigate the fate of environmental pollutants, such as weathered multi-walled carbon nanotubes (wMWCNTs). One key process is the uptake of ingested materials into digestive or absorptive cells. To address this, we investigated the localization of wMWCNTs in the intestinal tracts of the mud snailLymnaea stagnalis(L. stagnalis) and the mayflyRhithrogena semicolorata(R. semicolorata). InL. stagnalis, bundles of wMWCNTs could be detected in the midgut lumen, whereas only single wMWCNTs could be detected in the lumina of the digestive gland. Intracellular uptake of wMWCNTs was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) but was restricted to the cells of the digestive gland. In larvae ofR. semicolorata, irritations of the microvilli and damages in the apical parts of the epithelial gut cells were detected after feeding with 1 to 10 mg/L wMWCNTs. In both models, we detected fibrillar structures in close association with the epithelial cells that formed peritrophic membranes (PMs). The PM may cause a reduced transmission of wMWCNT bundles into the epithelium by forming a filter barrier and potentially protecting the cells from the wMWCNTs. As a result, the uptake of wMWCNTs into cells is rare in mud snails and may not occur at all in mayfly larvae. In addition, we monitor physiological markers such as levels of glycogen or triglycerides and the RNA/DNA ratio. This ratio was significantly affected inL. stagnalisafter 24 days with 10 mg/L wMWCNTs, but not inR. semicolorataafter 28 days and 10 mg/L wMWCNTs. However, significant effects on the energy status ofR. semicoloratawere analysed after 28 days of exposure to 1 mg/L wMWCNTs. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction of phagosomes per enterocyte cell in mayfly larvae at a concentration of 10 mg/L wMWCNTs (p < 0.01).
On the Informativeness of Information System Ontologies
Authors: Tambassi Timothy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The current (still limited) use of the notion of informativeness in the domain of information system ontologies seems to indicate that such ontologies are informative if and only if they are understandable for their final recipients. This paper aims at discussing some theoretical issues emerging from that use which, as we will see, connects the informativeness of information system ontologies to their representational primitives, domains of knowledge, and final recipients. Firstly, we maintain that informativeness interacts not only with the actual representational primitives, but also with their variability over time. Secondly, we discuss the correspondence between representational primitives and domains of knowledge of those ontologies. Finally, we explore the possibility of an epistemological discrepancy between human beings and software systems on the understanding of ontological contents.
Recent studies on chemical constituents of Ophiorrhiza plants
Authors: Kitajima Mariko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOphiorrhiza plants (Family Rubiaceae) are known to produce diverse monoterpenoid indole alkaloids including camptothecin with potent antitumor activity. This review contains a summary of recent chemical studies reported over the past 10 years regarding alkaloids (monoterpenoid indole and tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, and cyclopeptide) in Ophiorrhiza plants. In addition, the alkaloid biosynthetic pathways based on their reported structures were proposed.
Is Paid Inflexible Work Better than Unpaid Housework for Women’s Mental Health? The Moderating Role of Parenthood
Authors: Wang Senhu , Lu Zhuofei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite women’s increased participation in the labor market over the last several decades, many women still perform a disproportionate share of housework, and lack the support of flexible working arrangements. Thus, women are facing a trade-off between doing paid inflexible work and doing unpaid housework, both of which have negative impacts on their mental health. However, the effects of work flexibility and unpaid housework are rarely examined together. This study aims to compare the effects of paid inflexible work and unpaid housework on women’s mental health. It also examines whether parenthood affects the mental health impacts of different employment and economic statuses on women. This study applies nationally representative longitudinal data from the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (2010–2020, N = 23,552), and uses two-way fixed effects models to process this data. The results show that women who have paid inflexible work have significantly better mental health than those who do only unpaid housework. This pattern is consistent for women who lack different types of flexible work arrangements. Moreover, the mental health benefits of inflexible working over unpaid housework are particularly pronounced for women without dependent children. Paid work, even paid inflexible work, matters for women’s mental health, especially women without children. Future research needs to incorporate various employment and economic statuses into one theoretical framework to examine women’s mental health and further investigate the role of parenthood in moderating the health effects of employment and economic status.
SIG-Former: monocular surgical instruction generation with transformers
Authors: Zhang Jinglu , Nie Yinyu , Chang Jian , Zhang Jian Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose:
Automatic surgical instruction generation is a crucial part for intra-operative surgical assistance. However, understanding and translating surgical activities into human-like sentences are particularly challenging due to the complexity of surgical environment and the modal gap between images and natural languages. To this end, we introduce SIG-Former, a transformer-backboned generation network to predict surgical instructions from monocular RGB images.

Methods:
Taking a surgical image as input, we first extract its visual attentive feature map with a fine-tuned ResNet-101 model, followed by transformer attention blocks to correspondingly model its visual representation, text embedding and visual–textual relational feature. To tackle the loss-metric inconsistency between training and inference in sequence generation, we additionally apply a self-critical reinforcement learning approach to directly optimize the CIDEr score after regular training.

Results:
We validate our proposed method on DAISI dataset, which contains 290 clinical procedures from diverse medical subjects. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the baselines and achieves promising performance on both quantitative and qualitative evaluations.

Conclusion:
Our experiments demonstrate that SIG-Former is capable of mapping dependencies between visual feature and textual information. Besides, surgical instruction generation is still at its preliminary stage. Future works include collecting large clinical dataset, annotating more reference instructions and preparing pre-trained models on medical images.
Interindividuelle Leistungsdifferenzierung von Musiklehrkräften in Lerngruppen als Voraussetzung für Adaptivität im Musikunterricht
Authors: Hasselhorn Johannes , Platz Friedrich , Harnischmacher Christian 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungAdaptiver Fachunterricht gehört zu den besten Möglichkeiten für die Individualisierung von schulischen Lernprozessen. Eine Voraussetzung für dessen Gelingen ist die angemessene Beurteilung der individuellen Leistungsstände der Schüler:innen durch die Lehrkraft und somit ihre pädagogisch-diagnostische Kompetenz. In dieser Studie werden am Beispiel des Klassengesangs zwei Fragen untersucht: zum einen, ob Musiklehrkräfte in der Lage sind, musikpraktischen Gruppenleistungen in unstandardisierten, jedoch für den Musikunterricht typischen Erhebungssituationen ausreichend Informationen für eine angemessene pädagogische Diagnostik zu entnehmen, zum anderen, ob diese Urteile ihre Unterrichtsplanung im Sinne adaptiven Unterrichts beeinflussen. Anhand eines Online-Experiments wurden die Niveau- und Differenzierungskomponente der Urteilsgenauigkeit vonN = 460 Musiklehrkräften untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Musiklehrkräfte das Leistungsniveau der musikpraktischen Darbietung einer unbekannten Lerngruppe (Niveaukomponente) anhand ihrer Gruppenmusizierleistung leistungsgerecht einschätzen können, die Leistungsheterogenität (Differenzierungskomponente) hingegen nicht. Dementsprechend fällt der Einfluss der Leistungsstreuung innerhalb der Lerngruppe auf die Unterrichtsplanung im Sinne von Adaptivität unzureichend gering aus.
The Life Framework of Values and living as nature; towards a full recognition of holistic and relational ontologies
Authors: Kenter Jasper O. , O’Connor Seb 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Life Framework of Values links the richness of ways we experience and think of nature with the diverse ways nature matters. In this paper, we further develop and clarify the Life Framework in response to comments by Neuteleers et al. (Sustain Sci 14(1):4, 2020, 10.1007/s11625-020-00825-7). They supported its application to move beyond the instrumentalism and anthropocentrism associated with ecosystem services and nature’s contributions to people, but were critical of our addition of the livingasnature frame to O’Neill et al.’s (Environmental values. Routledge, London, 2008) original three (livingfrom,inandwiththe natural world), and of the way we defined intrinsic and relational values. We argue that the original presentation of the frames was as distinct sources of concern for nature. The livingasframe, characterised by oneness between nature and people, presents a unique source of concern not adequately represented by the original three frames. Whilst the Life Framework is open to diverse definitions of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values, we present straightforward interpretations that are compatible with multiple ethical systems and can effectively serve deliberative processes. We demonstrate that intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values do not map onto the life frames one-to-one, as each frame layers multiple value justifications. Whilst a key purpose of the Life Framework is to facilitate recognition of a more inclusive set of values in valuation and policy, it can also enable more effective organisation, communication, assessment, bridging and deliberation of values. It also provides multiple levers for sustainability transformation, particularly by fully recognising holistic and relational understandings of people and nature.
Efficacy of generic teriparatide and alendronate in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a prospective study
Authors: Li Mei , Zhang Zhenlin , Xue Qingyun , Li Qifu , Jin Xiaolan , Dong Jin , Cheng Qun , You Li , Lin Hua , Tang Hai , Shen Lin , Gao Xin , Hu Ji , Chao Aijun , Li Pengqiu , Shi Rui , Zheng Shuhui , Zhang Ying , Xiong Xiaojiang , Yu Wei , Xia Weibo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Summary

The efficacy of generic teriparatide in improving BMD at lumbar spine in patients with osteoporosis was similar to that of alendronate. It provided a new choice for osteoporosis treatment in Chinese population.

Introduction
To determine whether the efficacy of generic teriparatide is noninferior to alendronate for Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Methods
Eligible patients were randomly assigned (2:1) in a 48-week, open-label design to receive 20 µg sc daily teriparatide or 70 mg oral weekly alendronate. Primary outcome was percentage change in BMD at the lumbar spine from baseline to 48 weeks and was assessed for non-inferiority. The same outcome was further assessed for superiority as a secondary endpoint.

Results
Three hundred ninety-one and 196 participants were randomly assigned to the teriparatide or alendronate group, of whom 379 and 194 receiving at least one dose of teriparatide and alendronate treatment were eligible for the efficacy analysis. Teriparatide was non-inferior to alendronate for BMD change at lumbar spine (treatment difference: 0.7%, 95% CI: − 0.3 to 1.7%), which excluded the predefined non-inferiority margin of − 1.5%. However, teriparatide was not statistically superior to alendronate in improving BMD at lumbar spine (P = 0.169). At 48 weeks, changes in BMD at total hip were − 1.0% and 2.2% in teriparatide and alendronate group, respectively (P < 0.001). The incidence of new fracture showed no statistical difference between groups (P = 0.128). Serum P1NP and β-CTX levels significantly increased in the teriparatide group and markedly decreased in alendronate group (all P < 0.001 vs baseline). The adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs were more common in the teriparatide group than in the alendronate group, which were mainly teriparatide-related hypercalcemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase or parathyroid hormone, dizziness, and arthralgia.

Conclusions
Teriparatide was not inferior to alendronate in increasing BMD at lumbar spine in Chinese postmenopausal women, and they achieved these effects through different mechanisms.