bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Folic Acid Versus Placebo on Hot Flashes in Menopausal Women Attending a Rural Family Practice Centre: A randomized controlled clinical
Authors: Mekhamer Fatma Tohamy , Elalfy Samar Aly , Ahmed Safwat Abd El-Maksoud , Awad Mohammed Mohammady , Saudi Rabab Atta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
By 2025, the number of postmenopausal women is expected to approach 1.1 billion worldwide. Menopausal symptoms can be severe that it affects quality of life (QOL) of menopausal women. So, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of folic acid on the frequency, severity, score of hot flashes and QOL of post-menopausal women.
Methods
A double blinded randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at El Mahsama Family Practice Center, Ismailia, Egypt, carried out between August 2019 and October 2020 on 100 postmenopausal women who were randomly allocated into two groups: 5mg /daily folic acid group or identical-appearing placebo group for 4 weeks. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric history. Daily hot flashes record was used to gather information about the frequency, severity, score of hot flashes. QOL was assessed by menopause specific quality of life (MENQOL).
Results
There was statistically significance difference between both groups regarding hot flashes frequency, severity and hot flashes score (p < 0.015, 0.001, and 0.002) respectively. Folic acid group shows that 22% of participants were clinically improved compared with no clinical improvement among the placebo group (χ2 = 12.360, p < 0.001). It was found that there was no statistically significant difference between intervention and control group regarding their MENQOL domains after treatment.
Conclusion
Folic acid was effective in reducing frequency, severity, and hot flashes score in postmenopausal women so it can be recommended as an accessible and affordable method to treat hot flashes.
Metabolomic analysis reveals key metabolites alleviating green spots by exogenous sucrose spraying in air-curing cigar tobacco leaves
Authors: Li Nanfen , Yu Jun , Yang Jinpeng , Wang Sheliang , Yu Lianying , Xu Fangsen , Yang Chunlei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cigar variety CX-010 tobacco leaves would produce localized green spots during the air-curing period, and spraying exogenous sucrose could effectively alleviate the occurrence of the green spots. To investigate the alleviation effect and physiological mechanism of exogenous sucrose treatment, the total water content of tobacco leaves was measured in different sucrose treatments during the air-curing period, as well as the number and size of green spots, and non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics analysis was performed with the tobacco leaves of T3 (0.4 mol/L sucrose) and control (CK, without spraying) treatments at different air-curing stages. The results showed that, in the early air-curing stage, the total water content of tobacco leaves showed a trend of T3 (0.4 mol/L sucrose) < CK < T2 (0.2 mol/L sucrose) < T1 (0.1 mol/L sucrose), and the number and size of green spots showed a trend of T3 < T2 < T1 < CK. 259 and 178 significantly differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between T3 and CK-treated tobacco leaves were identified in the early air-curing and the end of air-curing, respectively, which mainly included lipid and lipid-like molecules, carbohydrates, as well as organic acids and their derivatives. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, it was found that DEMs were significantly enriched in 9 pathways, including tryptophan metabolism and tyrosine metabolism, at the early air-curing stage and 7 pathways, including benzoxazinoid biosynthesis and arginine biosynthesis, at the end of air-curing. The exogenous sucrose treatment significantly altered abundance as well as metabolic pathways in tobacco leaves, and most of the significantly altered KEGG metabolic pathways and associated differential metabolites were related to resistance to stress, which may play a key role in alleviating the appearance of green spots.
The Nonlinearity of Regulation in Biological Networks
Authors: Murrugarra David , Manicka Santosh , Johnson Kathleen , Levin Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nonlinearity is a characteristic of complex biological regulatory networks that has implications ranging from therapy to control. To better understand its nature, we analyzed a suite of published Boolean network models, containing a variety of complex nonlinear interactions, using a probabilistic generalization of Boolean logic that George Boole himself had proposed. The continuous-nature of this formulation made the models amenable to Taylor decomposition that revealed their distinct layers of nonlinearity. A comparison of the resulting series of approximations of the models with
the corresponding sets of randomized ensembles showed that the biological networks are on average relatively less nonlinear, suggesting that they may have been optimized for linearity by natural selection for the purpose of controllability. A further categorical analysis of the biological models revealed that the nonlinearity of cancer and disease networks could not only be sometimes higher than expected but are also relatively more variable, suggesting that the agents of disease may leverage the heterogeneity of regulatory nonlinearity to their advantage.
Identify Anticancer Effects of Toona Sinensis Leaves through MEK/ERK signaling pathway in Human Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Tsai Cheng Yu , Tsai Tai-Hsin , Ko Huey-Jiun , Kuo Keng-Liang , Wu Chieh-Hsin , Su Hui-Yuan , Lieu Ann-Shung , Kwan Aij-Lie , Loh Joon-Khim , Lin Chih-Lung , Hong Yi-Ren , Su Yu-Feng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Toona sinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in South-East Asia. The aqueous extracts of T. sinensis leaves (TSL) exhibit anticancer effects in various types of cancer. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of TSL treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
Methods
After treating A172 and U251 GBM with TSL, cell cycle and apoptotic cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, as well as anti-proliferative efficacy by MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP production were quantified by CellROX, Dihydroethidium (DHE) and Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM). Apoptosis and MEK/ERK pathway related protein levels were detected by western blot.
Results
TSL treatment induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M and apoptosis. It also caused excessive ROS and decreased ATP production via blockage of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, leading to ROS regulated mitochondrial dysfunction. Under TSL treatment in two GBM cells, the Bax and Puma protein level were elevated whereas Bcl-2 was descended. The mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and caspase-dependent pathway related proteins including cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved PARP were induced. Finally, U0126 as an inhibitor of MEK/ERK kinase was applied to demonstrate that the MEK/ERK pathway was responsible for the inhibition of ROS-regulated mitochondrial dysfunction and promoted apoptosis.
Conclusion
TSL treatment suppressed MEK/ERK activation to induce apoptosis through ROS-regulated mitochondrial dysfunction in GBM cells and provide a therapeutic potential in GBM therapy.
Anxiety and depression status prior to radioactive iodine therapy among differentiated thyroid cancer patients during the COVID‑19 epidemic
Authors: Qiao Tingting , Gao Dingwei , Tong Junyu , Shen Yun , Ma Jiayue , Lv Zhongwei , Li Dan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objection: The psychological health of thyroid cancer patients cannot be ignored, however, few studies have been conducted on the psychological status and influencing factors of thyroid cancer patients before radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of anxiety and depression in thyroid cancer patients prior to RAI therapy. Methods: Clinical data were collected among differentiated thyroid cancer patients (DTCs) preparing for RAI therapy. Anxiety and depression were measured before RAI therapy by using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). We used chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to find independent risk factors for anxiety and depression.Results: A total of 112 patients with thyroid cancer were included. Of these, 72.32 % (n=81) were female, with an mean age of 41.50 years. Anxiety and depression were reported by 46 (41.08%) and 38 (33.93%) patients, respectively. Based on chi-square test and univariate logistic regression analysis, being female and having ever-experienced RAI therapy were independent risk factors for anxiety and depression among DTCs prior to RAI therapy. On multivariate analysis, only being female was significant associated with anxiety and depression in these patients. Conclusions: Incidence of anxiety and depression increased in DTCs prior to RAI therapy. Being female and ever-experienced RAI therapy significant influenced anxiety and depression. Based on these findings, anxiety and depression assessment should be an important part of pre-RAI therapy in DTCs, and appropriate psychological nursing intervention can be carried out for key patients.
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells with pulmonary arterial hypertension depends metabolism on glycolysis under normoxia and mitochondrial respiration under hypoxia
Authors: Akagi Satoshi , Nakamura Kazufumi , Kondo Megumi , Hirohata Satoshi , Udono Heiichiro , Nishida Mikako , Saito Yukihiro , Yoshida Masashi , Miyoshi Toru , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The metabolic state of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is not well understood. In this study, we examined the balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in non-PAH-PASMCs and PAH-PASMCs under normoxia and hypoxia. Under both normoxia and hypoxia, the mRNA and protein levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) were increased in PAH-PASMCs compared with non-PAH-PASMCs. The level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) mRNA, as well as the intracellular lactate concentration, was also increased in PAH-PASMCs compared with non-PAH-PASMCs under normoxic conditions. However, LDH mRNA and the intracellular lactate concentration was not significantly increased in PAH-PASMCs compared with non-PAH-PASMCs under hypoxic conditions. Cellular oxygen consumption rates (OCR) were significantly lower in PAH-PASMCs than non-PAH-PASMCs under normoxia. Under hypoxia, however, OCR levels were significantly higher in PAH-PASMCs than non-PAH-PASMCs. Extracellular acidification rates were significantly higher in PAH-PASMCs than non-PAH-PASMCs under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. These data suggest that glycolysis is favored under normoxic conditions, while mitochondrial respiration is preserved under hypoxia specifically in PAH-PASMCs. These metabolic characteristics of PAH-PASMCs may be important for the pathogenic features of PAH, such as the resistance to hypoxia.
Normative beliefs and aggression: The mediating roles of empathy and anger
Authors: Swit Cara S , Harty Seth C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study examined a two-mediator model with both empathy and anger as mediators in the association between children’s normative beliefs about aggression and forms (relational and physical) and functions (reactive and proactive) of aggressive behavior. Ninety-eight children (54% males, Mage=46.21months, SD=8.84months) reported their approval of relationally and physically aggressive behaviors depicted in iconic (animation) and enactive (toy figurines) hypothetical scenarios. Children’s aggression, empathy and anger were measured using teacher reports. No main effects of normative beliefs about aggression on the corresponding aggressive behavior were found. Normative beliefs about aggression were negatively associated with empathy and empathy was significantly associated with relational aggression, suggesting that developing social emotional processes mediate the relation between social cognitions and aggression. Anger was associated with aggression, but not normative beliefs about aggression. The findings provide support for the distinction between subtypes of aggressive behavior in young children and the developing social-cognitive and affective processes that influence these behaviors.
A virtual model knowledge updating method driven by data
Authors: Luo Ruiping , Sheng Buyun , Fu Gaocai , Huang Yuzhe , Jian Yuchao , Chen GENG 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The initial construction of the unit-level virtual model in the discrete production line lacks the understanding of physical entities and the actual operating environment, which makes it difficult for the virtual model knowledge to correctly drive the behavior of physical entities. In order to solve the above problems, a virtual model knowledge updating method driven by data is studied. Firstly, the knowledge in the virtual model is divided into basic functional units according to functions, and the knowledge of each functional unit is encapsulated into knowledge components such as forward kinematics, motion control, material generation, etc., and the knowledge component base is constructed. Secondly, this method establishes the evaluation index of effectiveness, usability, and reliability of knowledge components, and can screen out appropriate groups of knowledge component combinations from the knowledge component base. Then, based on the measurement value, it is used to update the trigger judgment and select a group of knowledge components with the smallest difference between the simulation output of virtual model and the real data of physical entities from multiple groups of knowledge combinations, so as to realize the iterative update of the model. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified by examples.
Gomphrena globosa L. extract alleviates carbon tetrachoride-induced liver injury in mice by activating antioxidant signaling pathways and promoting autophagy
Authors: Wei Yunfei , Tan Wenxi , Qin Haiyan , Jin Meiyu , Yu Hao , Cheng Jiaqi , feng haihua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) is highly toxic to animal liver and is a major factor leading to liver injury. Gomphrena globosa L. (GgL) is a comestible plant with anti-inflammation and antioxidation properties. This study was aim to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of GgL on liver injury. Methods and Results A mice model of chronic liver injury was established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (0.4 mL/kg) for 3 weeks, and the mice were treated intraperitoneally with different concentrations of GgL crude extract (GgCE; 100, 200, 300 mg/kg) or Bifendatatum (Bif; 20 mg/kg) in the last 2 weeks. The results showed that GgCE treatment could alleviate the liver injury induced by CCL4, improve the pathological changes caused by CCL4 on the mice liver, and enhance the antioxidant capacity. We also found that GgCE increased the expression of antioxidant stress related proteins, decreased the phosphorylation levels of autophagy related proteins PI3K and mTOR, and decreased the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and P62 proteins. Conclusions These results suggest that GgCE alleviated CCL4-induced chronic liver injury in mice by activating antioxidant signaling pathways and promoting autophagy, indicating a potential therapeutic effect of GgCE on liver injury.
Crustal deformation analysis associated with 2019 Kashmir earthquake using DInSAR technique
Authors: Nath Somalin , Prasad Ashutosh Venkatesh , Chatterjee R. S. , Mohanty S. P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The 2019 Mw 5.6 Kashmir earthquake occurred near the foothill regions of Himalaya causing severe damage to the buildings area in spite of lesser magnitude. The difference in intensity of damage in the area indicates difference in sediment load, underlying structures and the ongoing tectonic activity in the area. Complex tectonic setup making the area one of the seismically active region in Himalayan Belt. Bounded by two major faults, Samwal Fault and Jhelum Fault, the area is modified by both the tectonic forces. DInSAR observations from this study suggested that most deformation was concentrated in between NE - SW Samwal fault and NW - SE Jhelum Fault. The phase profile indicates upliftment of 0.27 m in south of EW Samwal Fault whereas subsidence of 0.16 m near northern side on LOS direction.
Investigating factors that influence the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in a peri-urban general hospital in Ghana
Authors: Dadzie Baaba , Bayor Fidelis , Doat Abdul-Razak , Kappiah Jamilatu , Akayuure Collins Adombine , Kampo Sylvanus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: In Ghana, only 52% of mothers exclusively breastfeed their babies and the rate of increase has been steadily slow across all geographical areas of Ghana. The purpose of this study was to determine the various factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who visited the child welfare clinic at the Tema General Hospital.Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Child Welfare Clinic of the Tema General Hospital. A random sampling technique was used to recruit mothers with children between the ages of 6 months and 24 months attending the Child Welfare Clinic. Mothers were interviewed with the aid of a structured questionnaire.Results: About 65.8 % of mothers exclusively breastfed their infants for six months. Mothers who had good knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding had 96.3% increased odds of exclusively breastfeeding their babies (COR: 0.037, p = 0.000, CI = 95%). Also, mothers whose spouses complained of exclusively breastfeeding had decreased odds (COR: 0.205, p = 0.000, CI = 95%). Finally, mothers who had poor attitudes towards exclusive breastfeeding were 8.733 times less likely to exclusively breastfeed their babies for six months (COR = 8.733, p = 0.000, CI = 95%).Conclusions: High rate of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who visited the child welfare clinic was found. The level of knowledge and attitude of the mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding significantly influenced the six months practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Spouses also showed a high influence on whether or not mothers should exclusively breastfeed their babies.
Digital Joint Equivalent Channel Hybrid Precoding for MillimeterWave Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: WANG Linyu , ZHU Mingjun , XIANG Jianhong , JIANG Hanyu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the spectral efficiency of hybrid precoding (HP) is too low in the current millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system, this paper proposes a digital joint equivalent channel hybrid precoding algorithm. Based on the introduction of digital encoding matrix iteration. First, the objective function is expanded to obtain the relation equation, and the pseudo-inverse iterative function of the analog encoder is derived by using the pseudo-inverse method, which solves the problem of greatly increasing the amount of computation caused by the lack of rank of the digital encoding matrix, and reduces the overall complexity of hybrid precoding. Secondly, the analog coding matrix and the millimeter-wave sparse channel matrix are combined into an equivalent channel, and then the equivalent channel is subjected to Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to obtain a digital coding matrix, and then the derived pseudo-inverse iterative function is used to iteratively regenerates the simulated encoding matrix. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the system spectral efficiency by 10~20% compared with other algorithms, and the stability is also improved.
BotFinder: A Novel Framework for Social Bots Detection in Online Social Networks Based on Graph Embedding and Community Detection
Authors: Li Shudong , Zhao Chuanyu , Li Qing , Huang Jiuming , Zhao Dawei , Zhu Peican 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the widespread popularity of online social networks (OSNs), the number of users has also increased exponentially in recent years. At the same time, Social bots, i.e. accounts that controlled by program, are also on the rise. Service providers of OSNs often use them to keep social networks active. Meanwhile, some social bots are also registered for malicious purposes. It is necessary to detect these malicious social bots to present a real public opinion environment. We propose BotFinder, a framework to detect malicious social bots in OSNs. Specifically, it combines machine learning and graph methods so that the potential features of social bots can be effectively extracted. Regarding the feature engineering, we generate second order features and use coding methods to encode variables that have high cardinality. These features make full use of both labelled and unlabeled samples. With respect to the graphs, we firstly generate node vectors through embedding method, following which the similarity between vectors of humans and bots can be further calculated; Then, we use an unsupervised method to diffuse labels and thus the performance can be improved again. To valid the performance of the proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments on the dataset provided by an artificial intelligence contest which is composed of over eight million records of users. Results show that our approach reaches a F1-score of 0.8850, which is much better compared to the state of the art.
Silibinin inhibits human cancer fibrosarcoma cell invasion through MMPs, p-p38, and IL-1β expression
Authors: In Ah , Kim Moon-Moo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Silibinin is a single compound of silymarin that is obtained from the seeds of milk thistle plants. Their natural compound has an alternative function to suppress lung cancer and liver protection. Normal cells are converted into cancer cells due to defects in the genes that regulate cell division. Cancer cells break down vascular walls and basal membranes to obtain sufficient oxygen and nutrients, causing metastasis to other tissues. Therefore, the development of natural substances to suppress metastasis through MMPs, the metastatic enzymes, is necessary. Our investigation aimed to study the activation of silibinin on metastasis inhibition of human cancer fibrosarcoma cells.Methods and Results The cytotoxicity of silibinin in HT1080 cells was measured by MTT assay. The gelatinolytic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression were determined by using a gelatin zymography assay. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay was performed to investigate the protein expression of silibinin on metastasis inhibition. Silibinin above 5 μM showed reducing power activity. Even though the cell cytotoxicity was measured in the presence of silibinin below 5 μM, the cell cytotoxicity of silibinin was shown above 15 μM. Silibinin above 20 μM remarkably inhibited the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation under PMA treatment conditions. Furthermore, silibinin at 25 μM suppressed metastasis by reducing the levels of TIMP-1, MMP-2, IL-1β, ERK1/2, and p-p38 expression and silibinin above 10 μM inhibited cell invasion on HT1080 cells.Conclusion These results suggest that silibinin could exert an excellent effect on the suppression of metastatic enzymes, leading to the inhibition of cell invasion.