bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The establishment of the gut microbiota in 1-year-aged infants: from birth to family food
Authors: Vacca Mirco , Raspini Benedetta , Calabrese Francesco Maria , Porri Debora , De Giuseppe Rachele , Chieppa Marcello , Liso Marina , Cerbo Rosa Maria , Civardi Elisa , Garofoli Francesca , Cena Hellas , De Angelis Maria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
With the aim of characterizing the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and contextually determine how different prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors affected its composition in early childhood, infants were enrolled in a longitudinal-prospective study named “A.MA.MI.” (Alimentazione MAmma e bambino nei primi MIlle giorni; NCT04122612, October 2019).

Methods
Forty-five fecal samples were collected at 12 months of infants’ age, identified as the 3rd follow-up (T3). The evaluated variables were pre-gestational weight and weight gain during pregnancy, delivery mode, feeding, timing of weaning, and presence/absence of older siblings. Fecal alpha and beta-diversities were analyzed. Noteworthy, to determine the impact of the influencing factors, multivariate analyses were conducted.

Results
At T3, all prenatal and perinatal variables did not result to be significant whereas, among the postnatal variables, type of milk-feeding and weaning showed the greatest contribution in shaping the microbiota. Although aged 1 year, infants exclusively breastfed until 6 months were mainly colonized by Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Differently, Bacteroidaceae characterized the microbiota of infants that were never breastfed in an exclusive way. Moreover, although an early introduction of solid foods determined higher values of Faith’s PD, high abundances of Ruminococcaceae and Faecalibacterium mainly associated with infants weaned after the 4th month of age.

Conclusion
The microbial colonization during the first year of life is likely affected by a simultaneous effect of multiple variables playing a significant role at different times. Therefore, these data contribute to add evidence concerning the complex multifactorial interaction between GI microbiota and various stimuli affecting infants during the early stages of life.
Role of PSMA-ligands imaging in Renal Cell Carcinoma management: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Urso Luca , Castello Angelo , Rocca Giovanni Christian , Lancia Federica , Panareo Stefano , Cittanti Corrado , Uccelli Licia , Florimonte Luigia , Castellani Massimo , Ippolito Carmelo , Frassoldati Antonio , Bartolomei Mirco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Renal masses detection is continually increasing worldwide, with Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) accounting for approximately 90% of all renal cancers and remaining one of the most aggressive urological malignancies. Despite improvements in cancer management, accurate diagnosis and treatment strategy of RCC by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are still challenging. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) is known to be highly expressed on the endothelial cells of the neovasculature of several solid tumors other than prostate cancer, including RCC. In this context, recent preliminary studies reported a promising role for positron emission tomography (PET)/CT with radiolabeled molecules targeting PSMA, in alternative to fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in RCC patients.

Purpose
The aim of our review is to provide an updated overview of current evidences and major limitations regarding the use of PSMA PET/CT in RCC.

Methods
A literature search, up to 31 December 2021, was performed using the following electronic databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

Results
The findings of this review suggest that PSMA PET/CT could represent a valid imaging option for diagnosis, staging, and therapy response evaluation in RCC, particularly in clear cell RCC.

Conclusions
Further studies are needed for this “relatively” new imaging modality to consolidate its indications, timing, and practical procedures.
Soil water availability and branch age explain variability in xylem safety of European beech in Central Europe
Authors: Weithmann Greta , Link Roman M. , Banzragch Bat-Enerel , Würzberg Laura , Leuschner Christoph , Schuldt Bernhard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractXylem embolism resistance has been identified as a key trait with a causal relation to drought-induced tree mortality, but not much is known about its intra-specific trait variability (ITV) in dependence on environmental variation. We measured xylem safety and efficiency in 300 European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) trees across 30 sites in Central Europe, covering a precipitation reduction from 886 to 522 mm year−1. A broad range of variables that might affect embolism resistance in mature trees, including climatic and soil water availability, competition, and branch age, were examined. The averageP50value varied by up to 1 MPa between sites. Neither climatic aridity nor structural variables had a significant influence onP50. However,P50was less negative for trees with a higher soil water storage capacity, and positively related to branch age, while specific conductivity (Ks) was not significantly associated with either of these variables. The greatest part of the ITV for xylem safety and efficiency was attributed to random variability within populations. We conclude that the influence of site water availability onP50andKsis low in European beech, and that the high degree of within-population variability forP50, partly due to variation in branch age, hampers the identification of a clear environmental signal.
Spontaneously reported persistent symptoms related to coronavirus disease 2019 one year after hospital discharge
Authors: Zuschlag David , Grandt Daniel , Custodis Florian , Braun Christian , Häuser Winfried 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are no outcome studies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors one year after hospital discharge in Germany.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) hospitalized in the departments of internal medicine of the Klinikum Saarbrücken, a tertiary care hospital, between March 15 and December 31, 2020. A telephone interview with survivors was conducted at least 12 months after discharge. The interview was initiated with an open-ended question whether the patient had fully recovered from the disease. In the event of a subjective incomplete recovery, the patient was prompted to report any continuous or frequent symptoms that had not occurred prior to COVID-19. Finally, independent of the open-ended question response, all patients were asked closed questions which addressed new symptom onset of persistent fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, headache, muscle and joint pain following COVID-19.ResultsIn all, 235 survivors were contacted and 162 could be included in the analysis. In 55 of 162 interviews (34.0%) at least one persistent COVID-19 symptom (PCS) was spontaneously reported. Four of 55 survivors with PCS reported five additional symptoms on the closed questions. One survivor, who responded positively to the open-ended question, reported new onset PCS in response to the closed questions. Physical fatigue (24.7%), cognitive dysfunction (14.8%), shortness of breath (8.6%), muscle and joint pain (6.8%) and headache (6.2%) were the most frequently reported PCS.ConclusionsDespite an interview technique aimed to reduce attribution bias by patients, one third of COVID-19 inpatient survivors report PCS one year after hospitalization.The complete article is written in English.
Anesthesia for deep brain stimulation system implantation: adapted protocol for awake and asleep surgery using microelectrode recordings
Authors: Vesper Jan , Mainzer Bernd , Senemmar Farhad , Schnitzler Alfons , Groiss Stefan Jun , Slotty Philipp J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeDeep brain stimulation (DBS), an effective treatment for movement disorders, usually involves lead implantation while the patient is awake and sedated. Recently, there has been interest in performing the procedure under general anesthesia (asleep). This report of a consecutive cohort of DBS patients describes anesthesia protocols for both awake and asleep procedures.MethodsConsecutive patients with Parkinson’s disease received subthalamic nucleus (STN) implants either moderately sedated or while intubated, using propofol and remifentanil. Microelectrode recordings were performed with up to five trajectories after discontinuing sedation in the awake group, or reducing sedation in the asleep group. Clinical outcome was compared between groups with the UPDRS III.ResultsThe awake group (n = 17) received 3.5 mg/kg/h propofol and 11.6 μg/kg/h remifentanil. During recording, all anesthesia was stopped. The asleep group (n = 63) initially received 6.9 mg/kg/h propofol and 31.3 μg/kg/h remifentanil. During recording, this was reduced to 3.1 mg/kg/h propofol and 10.8 μg/kg/h remifentanil. Without parkinsonian medications or stimulation, 3-month UPDRS III ratings (ns = 16 and 52) were 40.8 in the awake group and 41.4 in the asleep group. Without medications but with stimulation turned on, ratings improved to 26.5 in the awake group and 26.3 in the asleep group. With both medications and stimulation, ratings improved further to 17.6 in the awake group and 15.3 in the asleep group. All within-group improvements from the off/off condition were statistically significant (all ps < 0.01). The degree of improvement with stimulation, with or without medications, was not significantly different in the awake vs. asleep groups (ps > 0.05).ConclusionThe above anesthesia protocols make possible an asleep implant procedure that can incorporate sufficient microelectrode recording. Together, this may increase patient comfort and improve clinical outcomes.
Surgical management of “Twiddler syndrome” in patients with deep brain stimulation: a technical note and review of the literature
Authors: Molle Z. Krause , Slotty P. , Vesper J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The Twiddler syndrome (TS) describes a situation in which the implanted impulse generator (IPG) rotates several times around its own axis in the subcutaneous pocket. This can lead to severe mechanical damage of the leads and extensions and to dislocations.

Method
Hereby, we report on a technique for revision surgery in patients diagnosed with Twiddler syndrome after undergoing previous deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. For revision surgery, the TYRX ™ Absorbable Antibacterial Envelope was used.

Conclusion
The TS can be treated well with the envelope TYRX ™ Absorbable Antibacterial Envelope TYRX ™.
Orthopyroxene rim growth during reaction of (Co, Ni, Mn, Zn)-doped forsterite and quartz: Experimental constraints on element distribution and grain boundary diffusion
Authors: Incel Sarah , Milke Ralf , Wunder Bernd 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMantle metasomatism is an important process in subduction zones in which fluids from the dehydrating oceanic slab interact with the overlying upper mantle resulting in a chemical alteration of the mantle. Consequently, this fluid-rock interaction may influence the mantle rock's physical properties such as the deformation behavior. In order to study element redistribution during mantle metasomatism in the laboratory, we used the simplified model reaction olivine + quartz = orthopyroxene, where olivine acts as representative for the upper mantle and quartz as proxy for the metasomatizing agent. We conducted piston-cylinder experiments at 1.5 GPa and 950 to 1400 °C, lasting between 48 and 288 h, on samples containing a mixture of quartz and one set of synthesized forsterite samples doped with either Co, Ni, Mn, or Zn. Additionally, we tested the influence of either nominally anhydrous or hydrous experimental conditions on the chemical distribution of the respective dopant element by using either crushable alumina or natural CaF2 as pressure medium. Results of the chemical analyses of the recovered samples show dopant specific partitioning between doped forsterite and orthopyroxene independent of the confining pressure medium; except for the runs in which Ni-doped forsterite samples were used. The observed Ni- and Co-enrichment in forsterite samples may be used to identify mantle rocks that underwent mantle metasomatism in nature.
Validation of Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing directly from blood cultures using WASPLab®, including Colibrí™ and Radian® in-Line Carousel
Authors: Herroelen Pauline Hilda , Heestermans Robbe , Emmerechts Kristof , Vandoorslaer Kristof , Wybo Ingrid , Piérard Denis , Muyldermans Astrid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the increase in antimicrobial resistance, fast reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results is becoming increasingly important. EUCAST developed a method for rapid AST (RAST) directly from the broth of positive blood cultures (BC). Inhibition zones are read after 4, 6, and 8 h, with specific breakpoints per time point. We evaluated the RAST method based on EUCAST disk diffusion methodology with inoculation of BC broth using WASPLab® (inclusive Colibrí™ and Radian®). Forty-nine non-duplicate strains were tested: Escherichia coli n = 17, Klebsiella pneumoniae n = 7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa n = 4, Acinetobacter baumannii n = 2, Staphylococcus aureus n = 10, Enterococcus faecalis n = 6, and Enterococcus faecium n = 3. Results were compared to direct AST and standardized AST. Good categorical agreement was obtained at all time points for all groups, except P. aeruginosa. RAST cut-offs for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales enabled the detection of all included ESBL isolates (n = 5) at all time points, except for 1 E. coli ESBL after 4 h. RAST cut-offs for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales enabled the detection of only one carbapenemase after 6 h. However, all carbapenemases (n = 3) were correctly detected after 8 h. Two methicillin-resistant S. aureus were included; both were correctly categorized as cefoxitin-resistant at 6 and 8 h. At 4 h, there was insufficient growth for inhibition zone interpretation. EUCAST RAST is a fast supplementary tool for direct AST of positive BC. WASPLab® provides a significant advantage as pictures are made automatically implicating that we are not strictly bound to the time points for inhibition zone interpretation.
Long-term outcomes of an acellular dermal matrix for the treatment of complex cryptoglandular anal fistula: a pilot study
Authors: Gómez-Jurado M. J. , Martí-Gallostra M. , Pellino G. , Galvez A. , Kreisler E. , Biondo S. , Espín-Basany E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgoundEffective, standardized treatments for complex anal fistula (CAF) still represent a clinical challenge. Emerging procedures attempted to achieve the healing rates of fistulotomy whilst preserving sphincter function. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) used as a plug inserted through the fistulous tract is among newer treatment options. Varying success rates have been reported, most with short-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to report the long-term results of ADM-plug for CAF.MethodsRetrospective analysis of a prospective database of patients treated with CAF. All consecutive patients presenting at two tertiary centers (Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain) between November 2015 and March 2019 with a single, cryptoglandular CAF were evaluated for treatment with an ADM-plug were included. The primary endpoint was absence of discharge at clinical examination at 12 month follow-up.ResultsTwenty-two patients were included [7 women and 15 men, median age 56 (33–74) years]. Most patients had high transsphincteric fistulas (63.6%). The median follow-up was 42 (21–53) months. The 12 month success rate was 68.2%, with an overall healing rate of 59.1%. 77.8% of recurrences occurred within 12 months from surgery. One plug extrusion was observed. No major complications or mortality occurred during the follow-up. Patients did not report any worsening of fecal continence.ConclusionsThis pilot study showed that more than half of patients with CAF could benefit from ADM-plug placement, preserving continence. A minimum follow-up of 12 months is recommended, because most recurrences occur during the first year.
Reliable Numerical Models of Nickel-Titanium Stents: How to Deduce the Specific Material Properties from Testing Real Devices
Authors: Berti Francesca , Bridio Sara , Luraghi Giulia , Pant Sanjay , Allegretti Dario , Pennati Giancarlo , Petrini Lorenza 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe current interest of those dealing with medical research is the preparation of digital twins. In this frame, the first step to accomplish is the preparation of reliable numerical models. This is a challenging task since it is not common to know the exact device geometry and material properties unless in studies performed in collaboration with the manufacturer. The particular case of modeling Ni–Ti stents can be highlighted as a worst-case scenario due to both the complex geometrical features and non-linear material response. Indeed, if the limitations in the description of the geometry can be overcome, many difficulties still exist in the assessment of the material, which can vary according to the manufacturing process and requires many parameters for its description. The purpose of this work is to propose a coupled experimental and computational workflow to identify the set of material properties in the case of commercially-resembling Ni–Ti stents. This has been achieved from non-destructive tensile tests on the devices compared with results from Finite Element Analysis (FEA). A surrogate modeling approach is proposed for the identification of the material parameters, based on a minimization problem on the database of responses of Ni–Ti materials obtained with FEA with a series of different parameters. The reliability of the final result was validated through the comparison with the output of additional experiments.
An evaluation of errors in the mitochondrial COI sequences of Hydrachnidia (Acari, Parasitengona) in public databases
Authors: Peláez María L. , Horreo José L. , García-Jiménez Ricardo , Valdecasas Antonio G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPublic molecular databases are fundamental tools for modern taxonomic studies whose usefulness rely on the soundness of the data within them. Here, we study potential errors that can arise along the data pipeline from sampling, specimen identification and molecular processing (digestion, amplification and sequencing) to the submission of sequences to these databases by using the DNA sequences of Hydrachnidia (Acari, Parasitengona) as a case study. Our results indicate that molecular information is available for only about 3% of the Hydrachnidia species known to date; yet, within this small percentage, errors are present in almost 5% of the species analyzed (0.5% of the sequences and almost 11% of the genera). This study underscores the scarcity of genetic data available for Hydrachnidia, but also that the proportion of errors in DNA sequences is relatively small. Even so, it highlights the danger associated with using DNA sequences from public databases, particularly for species identification, and reinforces the need for greater quality control measures and/or protocols to avoid an intensification of errors in the (post) genomics era. Finally, our study emphasizes that potential errors may also reveal cryptic diversity within a species.
Geography and Power: Mapping The Murderer’s Ape
Authors: Kielland Samoilow Tatjana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGeography occupies a central role inThe Murderer’s Ape(2014/2017), a Swedish children’s novel by Jakob Wegelius. Drawing on theories of critical literary geography, the article is an analysis of the novel’s geography and an exploration of how the narrative shapes and produces place and space. The analysis shows that the narrative both represents and challenges colonial power structures through the production of place and space. Methodologically, three complementary approaches are utilized: analyzing the visual maps in the endpapers, visualizing the novel’s geography by means of GIS-generated maps, and mapping the verbal narrative.
Phyllode inoculation provides a rapid protocol for preliminary screening of Acacia species for tolerance to Ceratocystis wilt and canker disease
Authors: Nasution Aswardi , Indrayadi Heru , Glen Morag , Evans Kathy , Ratkowsky David , Brawner Jeremy , Gafur Abdul , Mohammed Caroline 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCeratocystis wilt and canker disease has devastated Acacia mangium plantations in south-east Asia. Current screening methodologies to identify resistant or tolerant germplasm use potted plants in a greenhouse as a preliminary screening to select material for field trials, but these tests are time-consuming, motivating a search for rapid screening protocols. In this study, inoculation procedures were tested on three species of Acacia, viz. A. mangium, A. crassicarpa and a hybrid of A. auriculiformis and A. mangium, using three isolates of Ceratocystis manginecans. Mycelial plugs were compared with spore suspensions as inoculum to infect artificial wounds on the stems of A. mangium potted plants. The rapid screening protocols involved inoculation of stem segments with mycelial plugs and detached phyllodes with a spore suspension, with susceptibility measured by lesion length on the stems or necrosis length on the phyllodes. Both mycelial plugs and spore suspensions produced a similar level of disease incidence, so either inoculum form can be used for an assay. The stem segments were prone to contamination by other fungi and to desiccation, while results from the potted plant and phyllode protocols showed similar trends of susceptibility among the Acacia clones and species. The ease, rapidity, and reproducibility of the phyllode inoculation protocol makes it a potential replacement for inoculation of potted plants as a preliminary screening protocol to identify disease tolerant A. mangium germplasm prior to field screening.
Cognitive Projects and the Trustworthiness of Positive Truth
Authors: Zicchetti Matteo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is twofold: first, I provide a cluster of theories of truth in classical logic that is (internally) consistent with global reflection principles: the theories of positive truth (and falsity). After that, I analyse the epistemic value of such theories. I do so employing the framework of cognitive projects introduced by Wright (Proc Aristot Soc 78:167–245, 2004), and employed—in the context of theories of truth—by Fischer et al. (Noûs 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12292). In particular, I will argue that theories of positive truth are trustworthy, analogously to the theories of full disquotational truth. Moreover, I argue that, for a given cognitive project, if the acceptance of trustworthy theories is taken to be an epistemic norm of cognitive project, then one has good reasons to accept theories of positive truth over other rival theories of truth in classical logic. On the other hand, the latter theories are deemed epistemically unacceptable.