bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum-Forming Alloy 310S for Application in Molten Chloride Salt CSP Thermal Storage Tank
Authors: Wei Ying , La Peiqing , Jin Jing , Du Mingchen , Zheng Yuehong , Zhan Faqi , Sheng Jie , Yu Haicun , Zhu Min 
Published: May 2022

The key to the new generation of solar thermal power plants is to increase the operating temperature of molten salt to 800°C, and change the heat transfer medium from nitric acid mixed salt to chlorine mixed salt, so as to significantly reduce the cost of power generation. Therefore, the alloy material’s resistance to high temperatures and fusible chloride salt is one of the core technologies for the successful implementation of concentrated solar power (CSP) technology. In this study, the aluminum-forming alloy (AFA) 310S for the heat storage tank was prepared by the aluminum-thermal reaction casting method. The hot corrosion behavior and mechanism of AFA 310S in chloride molten salt at 800°C were studied by static immersion etching for 600 h. AFA 310S exhibits good thermal corrosion properties in KCl 20.4 wt% + MgCl2-55.1 wt% + NaCl 24.5 wt%. The results indicate that compared with commercial 310S, AFA 310S has better oxidation resistance at 800°C. At the initial stage of corrosion, dense Cr2O3 and continuous Al2O3 passivation films are formed. At the same time, MgO-rich oxidation products were produced in the outermost layers of the two alloys during the 600 h process. Over time, however, the damage caused by chlorine became more apparent, mainly due to the “oxidation-chlorination” process of the metal. A large number of cavities and cracks on the surface are formed, and the oxide layer has obvious spalling. When the Al element was added into the alloy, the dense passivation film could be formed after 120 h of corrosion with the stronger corrosion resistance. The experiment simulated the corrosion behavior in the worst environment, such as air, unoxidized alloy, molten salt without corrosion inhibitor, etc. By weight loss calculation, commercial 310S plate is completely unsuitable for CSP plant. The corrosion rates of the two alloys are compared as follows: commercial 310S &gt; AFA 310S. To sum up, AFA 310S has a good application prospect in concentrated solar power.
Prediction of Red Blood Cell Demand for Pediatric Patients Using a Time-Series Model: A Single-Center Study in China
Authors: Guo Kai , Song Shanshan , Qiu Lijuan , Wang Xiaohuan , Ma Shuxuan 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundRed blood cells (RBCs) are an essential factor to consider for modern medicine, but planning the future collection of RBCs and supply efforts for coping with fluctuating demands is still a major challenge.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the feasibility of the time-series model in predicting the clinical demand of RBCs for pediatric patients each month.MethodsOur study collected clinical RBC transfusion data from years 2014 to 2019 in the National Center for Children's Health (Beijing) in China, with the goal of constructing a time-series, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model by fitting the monthly usage of RBCs from 2014 to 2018. Furthermore, the optimal model was used to forecast the monthly usage of RBCs in 2019, and we subsequently compared the data with actual values to verify the validity of the model.ResultsThe seasonal multiplicative model SARIMA (0, 1, 1) (1, 1, 0)12 (normalized BIC = 8.740, R2 = 0.730) was the best prediction model and could better fit and predict the monthly usage of RBCs for pediatric patients in this medical center in 2019. The model residual sequence was white noise (Ljung-Box Q(18) = 15.127, P &gt; 0.05), and its autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) coefficients also fell within the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The parameter test results were statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). 91.67% of the actual values were within the 95% CIs of the forecasted values of the model, and the average relative error of the forecasted and actual values was 6.44%, within 10%.ConclusionsThe SARIMA model can simulate the changing trend in monthly usage of RBCs of pediatric patients in a time-series aspect, which represents a short-term prediction model with high accuracy. The continuously revised SARIMA model may better serve the clinical environments and aid with planning for RBC demand. A clinical study including more data on blood use should be conducted in the future to confirm these results.
The Vasodilatory Response to CGRP of the Anterior and Posterior Cerebral Circulation in Migraine
Authors: Visočnik Darja , Zaletel Marjan , Žvan Bojana , Zupan Matija 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionMigraine aura can be associated with headache or it may occur without one, which suggests an independent mechanism for the aura and for migraine headache. The role of CGRP in migraine headache is well established, but the connection between CGRP and the aura is still lacking an explanation. Exogenous CGRP can induce CGRP headaches and migraine auras in patients with migraine. The results of our recent study suggest differences in the vascular response to CGRP stimulation between migraine without aura and migraine with aura. Therefore, we hypothesized that the magnitude of the posterior cerebral circulation response in migraine with aura is greater than in migraine without aura and that CGRP stimulation has different effects on the anterior and posterior circulation in migraine with aura and migraine without aura.MethodsBy using transcranial doppler, we studied the hemodynamic effects of CGRP intravenous infusion at a rate of 1.5 mcg/min in 20 min on the mean arterial velocity in the middle cerebral artery and in the posterior cerebral artery in twenty patients with migraine and in a control group of twenty healthy subjects. The same CGRP effects on cerebral hemodynamics were analyzed separately for the group of patients with migraine with aura and the group of patients with migraine without aura. Fifteen patients with migraine (75%) had migraine without aura and 5 patients (25%) had migraine with aura.ResultsWe found that migraine has a significant impact on the vasodilatory response of the anterior (B = 4,249, SE = 1.023, r = 0.363, p &lt; 0.001) and posterior cerebral circulation (B = 3.634, SE = 1.461, r = 0.227, p = 0.014). Migraine with aura was significantly associated with changes in the anterior (B = 2.558, SE = 0.880, r = 0.275, p = 0.005) and posterior cerebral circulation (B = 7.565, SE = 2,368, r = 0.359, p = 0.002), while migraine without aura was only significantly associated with changes in the anterior circulation. In addition, we established a significant impact of migraine with aura on VR PCA (B = 5.901, SE = 2,546, r = 0.291, p = 0.024).ConclusionWe conclude that TVR in the posterior cerebral circulation might be enhanced in MA and that aura might be a consequence of TVR enhancement.
Association of MicroRNAs With Risk of Stroke: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Deng Yidong , Huang Peijian , Zhang Fan , Chen Tao 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesAltered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to disease vulnerability. Studies have reported the involvement of miRNA in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis of data from 6 studies that used a panel of miRNAs with altered expressions to diagnose ischemic stroke with the Bayesian framework. The I2 test and Cochran's Q-statistic were used to assess heterogeneity. Funnel plots were generated and publication bias was assessed using Begg and Egger tests.ResultsOn summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) curve analysis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of altered miRNA expressions for diagnosis of ischemic stroke was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–0.97) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.71–0.90), respectively; the diagnostic odds ratio was 54.35 (95% CI 20.39–144.92), and the area under the SROC curve was 0.93 (95% CI 0.90–0.95).ConclusionsOur results showed a link between dysregulation of miRNAs and the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Abnormal miRNA expression may be a potential biomarker for ischemic stroke.
Interpretable Machine Learning Modeling for Ischemic Stroke Outcome Prediction
Authors: Jabal Mohamed Sobhi , Joly Olivier , Kallmes David , Harston George , Rabinstein Alejandro , Huynh Thien , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: May 2022

Background and PurposeMechanical thrombectomy greatly improves stroke outcomes. Nonetheless, some patients fall short of full recovery despite good reperfusion. The purpose of this study was to develop machine learning (ML) models for the pre-interventional prediction of functional outcome at 3 months of thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), using clinical and auto-extractable radiological information consistently available upon first emergency evaluation.Materials and MethodsA two-center retrospective cohort of 293 patients with AIS who underwent thrombectomy was analyzed. ML models were developed to predict dichotomized modified Rankin score at 90 days (mRS-90) using clinical and imaging features, both separately and combined. Conventional and experimental imaging biomarkers were quantified using automated image-processing software from non-contract computed tomography (CT) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) was applied for model interpretability and predictor importance analysis of the optimal model.ResultsMerging clinical and imaging features returned the best results for mRS-90 prediction. The best performing classifier was Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 84% using selected features. The most important classifying features were age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), occlusion side, degree of brain atrophy [primarily represented by cortical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and lateral ventricle volume], early ischemic core [primarily represented by e-Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS)], and collateral circulation deficit volume on CTA.ConclusionMachine learning that is applied to quantifiable image features from CT and CTA alongside basic clinical characteristics constitutes a promising automated method in the pre-interventional prediction of stroke prognosis. Interpretable models allow for exploring which initial features contribute the most to post-thrombectomy outcome prediction overall and for each individual patient outcome.
The Contribution of HCN Channelopathies in Different Epileptic Syndromes, Mechanisms, Modulators, and Potential Treatment Targets: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kessi Miriam , Peng Jing , Duan Haolin , He Hailan , Chen Baiyu , Xiong Juan , Wang Ying , Yang Lifen , Wang Guoli , Kiprotich Karlmax , Bamgbade Olumuyiwa A. , He Fang , Yin Fei 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundHyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) current reduces dendritic summation, suppresses dendritic calcium spikes, and enables inhibitory GABA-mediated postsynaptic potentials, thereby suppressing epilepsy. However, it is unclear whether increased HCN current can produce epilepsy. We hypothesized that gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) variants of HCN channel genes may cause epilepsy.ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to summarize the role of HCN channelopathies in epilepsy, update genetic findings in patients, create genotype–phenotype correlations, and discuss animal models, GOF and LOF mechanisms, and potential treatment targets.MethodsThe review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, for all years until August 2021.ResultsWe identified pathogenic variants of HCN1 (n = 24), HCN2 (n = 8), HCN3 (n = 2), and HCN4 (n = 6) that were associated with epilepsy in 74 cases (43 HCN1, 20 HCN2, 2 HCN3, and 9 HCN4). Epilepsy was associated with GOF and LOF variants, and the mechanisms were indeterminate. Less than half of the cases became seizure-free and some developed drug-resistant epilepsy. Of the 74 cases, 12 (16.2%) died, comprising HCN1 (n = 4), HCN2 (n = 2), HCN3 (n = 2), and HCN4 (n = 4). Of the deceased cases, 10 (83%) had a sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and 2 (16.7%) due to cardiopulmonary failure. SUDEP affected more adults (n = 10) than children (n = 2). HCN1 variants p.M234R, p.C329S, p.V414M, p.M153I, and p.M305L, as well as HCN2 variants p.S632W and delPPP (p.719–721), were associated with different phenotypes. HCN1 p.L157V and HCN4 p.R550C were associated with genetic generalized epilepsy. There are several HCN animal models, pharmacological targets, and modulators, but precise drugs have not been developed. Currently, there are no HCN channel openers.ConclusionWe recommend clinicians to include HCN genes in epilepsy gene panels. Researchers should explore the possible underlying mechanisms for GOF and LOF variants by identifying the specific neuronal subtypes and neuroanatomical locations of each identified pathogenic variant. Researchers should identify specific HCN channel openers and blockers with high binding affinity. Such information will give clarity to the involvement of HCN channelopathies in epilepsy and provide the opportunity to develop targeted treatments.
Recessive LAMA5 Variants Associated With Partial Epilepsy and Spasms in Infancy
Authors: Luo Sheng , Liu Zhi-Gang , Wang Juan , Luo Jun-Xia , Ye Xing-Guang , Li Xin , Zhai Qiong-Xiang , Liu Xiao-Rong , Wang Jie , Gao Liang-Di , Liu Fu-Li , Ye Zi-Long , Li Huan , Gao Zai-Fen , Guo Qing-Hui , Li Bing-Mei , Yi Yong-Hong , Liao Wei-Ping 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe LAMA5 gene encodes the laminin subunit α5, the most abundant laminin α subunit in the human brain. It forms heterotrimers with the subunit β1/β2 and γ1/γ3 and regulates neurodevelopmental processes. Genes encoding subunits of the laminin heterotrimers containing subunit α5 have been reported to be associated with human diseases. Among LAMAs encoding the laminin α subunit, LAMA1-4 have also been reported to be associated with human disease. In this study, we investigated the association between LAMA5 and epilepsy.MethodsTrios-based whole-exome sequencing was performed in a cohort of 118 infants suffering from focal seizures with or without spasms. Protein modeling was used to assess the damaging effects of variations. The LAMAs expression was analyzed with data from the GTEX and VarCards databases.ResultsSix pairs of compound heterozygous missense variants in LAMA5 were identified in six unrelated patients. All affected individuals suffered from focal seizures with mild developmental delay, and three patients presented also spasms. These variants had no or low allele frequencies in controls and presented statistically higher frequency in the case cohort than in controls. The recessive burden analysis showed that recessive LAMA5 variants identified in this cohort were significantly more than the expected number in the East Asian population. Protein modeling showed that at least one variant in each pair of biallelic variants affected hydrogen bonds with surrounding amino acids. Among the biallelic variants in cases with only focal seizures, two variants of each pair were located in different structural domains or domains/links, whereas in the cases with spasms, the biallelic variants were constituted by two variants in the identical functional domains or both with hydrogen bond changes.ConclusionRecessive LAMA5 variants were potentially associated with infant epilepsy. The establishment of the association between LAMA5 and epilepsy will facilitate the genetic diagnosis and management in patients with infant epilepsy.
Redefine the Role of Spot-Scanning Proton Beam Therapy for the Single Brain Metastasis Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Chang Sheng , Liu Gang , Zhao Lewei , Zheng Weili , Yan Di , Chen Peter , Li Xiangpan , Yang Kunyu , Deraniyagala Rohan , Stevens Craig , Grills Inga , Chinnaiyan Prakash , Li Xiaoqiang , Ding Xuanfeng 
Published: May 2022

PurposeTo explore the role of using Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) proton beam therapy in single lesion brain stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), we developed and validated a dosimetric in silico model to assist in the selection of an optimal treatment approach among the conventional Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT) and Spot-scanning Proton Arc (SPArc).Material and MethodsA patient’s head CT data set was used as an in silico model. A series of targets (volume range from 0.3 cc to 33.03 cc) were inserted in the deep central and peripheral region, simulating targets with different sizes and locations. Three planning groups: IMPT, VMAT, and SPArc were created for dosimetric comparison purposes and a decision tree was built based on this in silico model. Nine patients with single brain metastases were retrospectively selected for validation. Multiple dosimetric metrics were analyzed to assess the plan quality, such as dose Conformity Index (CI) (ratio of the target volume to 100% prescription isodose volume); R50 (ratio of 50% prescription isodose volume to the target volume); V12Gy (volume of brain tissue minus GTV receiving 12 Gy), and mean dose of the normal brain. Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of brain radionecrosis (RN) was calculated using the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) model and total treatment delivery time was calculated. Six physicians from different institutions participated in the blind survey to evaluate the plan quality and rank their choices.ResultsThe study showed that SPArc has a dosimetric advantage in the V12Gy and R50 with target volumes &gt; 9.00 cc compared to VMAT and IMPT. A significant clinical benefit can be found in deep centrally located lesions larger than 20.00 cc using SPArc because of the superior dose conformity and mean dose reduction in healthy brain tissue. Nine retrospective clinical cases and the blind survey showed good agreement with the in silico dosimetric model and decision tree. Additionally, SPArc significantly reduced the treatment delivery time compared to VMAT (SPArc 184.46 ± 59.51s vs. VMAT: 1574.78 ± 213.65s).ConclusionThe study demonstrated the feasibility of using Proton beam therapy for single brain metastasis patients utilizing the SPArc technique. At the current stage of technological development, VMAT remains the current standard modality of choice for single lesion brain SRS. The in silico dosimetric model and decision tree presented here could be used as a practical clinical decision tool to assist the selection of the optimal treatment modality among VMAT, IMPT, and SPArc in centers that have both photon and proton capabilities.
Nomograms to Predict Endocrinological Deficiency in Patients With Surgically Treated Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Wu Jie , Wu Xiao , Yang Le , Xie ShenHao , Tang Bin , Tong ZhiGao , Wu BoWen , Yang YouQing , Ding Han , Bao YouYuan , Zhou Lin , Hong Tao 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivePostoperative hypopituitarism associated with increased risks of premature mobility and mortality is often encountered in craniopharyngioma patients. The aim of our study is to construct nomograms related to injury types of the hypothalamus–pituitary axis (HPA) to predict hypopituitarism 1 year after surgery.MethodsCraniopharyngioma patients undergoing initial endoscopic endonasal surgery between December 2012 and March 2021 in our center were retrospectively reviewed, and injury types of the HPA were categorized according to intraoperative endoscopic observation. Included patients were randomly divided into a training group and a validation group. Nomograms were established based on the results of multivariate logistic analysis. The predictive performance of the nomograms was evaluated in the training and validation groups.ResultsA total of 183 patients with craniopharyngioma were enrolled, and seven injury types of the HPA were summarized. Relative to intact HPA, exclusive hypothalamus injury significantly increased the risk of anterior (OR, 194.174; 95% CI, 21.311–1769.253; p &lt; 0.001) and posterior pituitary dysfunction (OR, 31.393; 95% CI, 6.319–155.964; p &lt; 0.001) 1 year after surgery, while exclusively sacrificing stalk infiltrated by tumors did not significantly increase the risk of anterior (OR, 5.633; 95% CI, 0.753–42.133; p = 0.092) and posterior pituitary dysfunction (OR, 1.580; 95% CI, 0.257–9.707; p = 0.621) 1 year after surgery. In the training group, the AUCs of nomograms predicting anterior and posterior pituitary dysfunction 1 year after surgery were 0.921 and 0.885, respectively, compared with 0.921 and 0.880 in the validation group.ConclusionsIntact hypothalamus structure is critical in maintaining pituitary function. Moreover, our preliminary study suggests that the pituitary stalk infiltrated by craniopharyngioma could be sacrificed to achieve radical resection, without substantially rendering significantly worse endocrinological efficiency 1 year after surgery. The user-friendly nomograms can be used to predict hypopituitarism 1 year after surgery.
LMO7-ALK Fusion in a Lung Adenocarcinoma Patient With Crizotinib: A Case Report
Authors: Yang Yanlong , Zheng Hongbo , Li Zizhe , Shi Shuchen , Zhong Lang , Gong Longlong , Lan Bin 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundRearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene comprise a small subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with NSCLC harboring ALK fusion proteins are sensitive to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Various fusion partners of ALK are being discovered with the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS).Case presentationHere, we report a female patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma harboring LMO7-ALK (L15, A20) rearrangement revealed by NGS. The patient received crizotinib as first-line treatment and has achieved partial response with a progression-free survival over 1 year.ConclusionsWe firstly found that the satisfactory response to crizotinib verified the oncogenic activity of LMO7-ALK fusion. Great progression and wide application of NGS facilitate the findings of rare fusion types.
Mendelian Randomization Rules Out Causation Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Chen Lanlan , Fan Zhongqi , Sun Xiaodong , Qiu Wei , Chen Yuguo , Zhou Jianpeng , Lv Guoyue 
Published: May 2022

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) usually co-exist clinically. However, whether such association is causal is still unknown.Methods: Genetic variants were extracted as instrumental variables from the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) with 25,042 cases and 34,915 controls (GWAS p-value &lt; 5 × 10−8). Information of genetic variants in NAFLD was extracted from a GWAS with 1,483 cases and 17,781controls. Also, liver fat content (LFC) was included as the outcome. Then, a bi-direction Mendelian randomization (MR) was carried out to appraise the causal relationship between NAFLD on IBD. Besides, a multivariable MR (MVMR) design was carried to adjust for body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well.Results: Generally, IBD might not affect the risk of NAFLD (OR = 0.994 [0.970, 1.019]), together with its subtypes including UC and CD. However, genetically-elevated risk of IBD might cause liver fat accumulation (beta = 0.019, p-value = 0.016) while turning insignificant at Bonferroni correction. Besides, no causal effect of NAFLD on IBD was observed (OR = 0.968 [0.928, 1.009]), together with UC and CD. Also, genetically-elevated LFC could not impact IBD, UC and CD either. The MR CAUSE analysis supported these null associations and MVMR analysis also supported such null associations even after adjusting for BMI and T2D.Conclusion: This MR study ruled out the causal relationship between IBD and NAFLD, suggesting therapeutics targeting NAFLD might not work for IBD and vice versa.