bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Anti-Contagion Policies with the Spread of Covid-19 in United States
Authors: Faghani Ali , Hughes M. Courtney , Vaezi Mahdi 
Published: March 2022

Background The outbreak of a novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or COVID-19, raised worldwide concern. The present study investigates the association between anti-contagion policies and the spread of COVID-19 across the United States. Design and methods We selected the most frequently implemented COVID-19 anti-contagion policies in all the U.S. states issued from 29 February 2020. Accordingly, we modified an epidemiological model and combined it with a comprehensive statistical analysis to evaluate the policies’ individual and overall likely impact. Results For the first time, a novel index, evaluates the associations between policy implementation and COVID-19 spread at both statewide and national levels. Our results indicate that governmental policies requiring mask use, businesses social distancing, and quarantining travelers may be most effective for controlling COVID-19 spread. Simultaneously, widespread orders like school closure and safer-at-home that can be particularly disruptive to the economy and social fabric of society may be unnecessary given their lack of association with reducing infection. Conclusions The absence of any COVID-19 vaccines during the first several months of its pandemic necessitated using governmental policies to help stop the spread of this disease. Our index showed the association between implemented policies and COVID-19 spread, highlighting the specific policies with the greatest association - mandatory quarantine upon entering a state, businesses implementing social distancing, and mandatory mask use - and those with less association like school closure and saferat- home orders. This study provided evidence to inform policy choices for the current global crisis and future pandemics.
Human papillomavirus prevalence in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in South America
Authors: Oliveira Antônio Carlos , Cavalcanti de Lima Israel Carlos , Frez Marques Vitor Marcelo , Alves de Araújo Wudson Henrique , De Campos Ferreira Chrystiano 
Published: March 2022

Background: Some studies have addressed the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck cancer in South America; however, no studies have systematically gathered prevalence and conducted a meta-analysis.
Aim: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HPV in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in South America.
Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data were extracted and analyzed using random-effects models to estimate the pooled prevalence of HPV.
Results: We identified 209 nonduplicated studies, of which 38 were selected. The overall prevalence of HPV was 24.31% (95% CI 16.87–32.64; I2 = 96%, pheterogeneity <0.001). HPV prevalence in oropharyngeal cancer was 17.9% (95% CI 7.6–31.4; I2 = 96%, pheterogeneity <0.001) and that in oral cavity cancer was 23.19% (95% CI 14.94–32.63; I2 = 94%, pheterogeneity <0.001).
Conclusions: We found an overall prevalence of HPV in 24.31% of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in South American patients. The prevalence of HPV was 17.9% for oropharyngeal cancer and 23.19% for oral cavity cancer.
Comparative evaluation of three techniques for paramedian subarachnoid block: Point-of-care preprocedural ultrasound assisted, real-time ultrasound guided and landmark based
Authors: Bhardwaj Deepak , Thakur Lokesh , Sharma Shalini , Rana Shelly , Gupta Bhanu , Sharma Charu 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
Preprocedural ultrasound (US) assisted and real-time US-guided subarachnoid block (SAB) are useful adjuncts for successful SAB. This study compared the feasibility and efficacy of real-time US-guided SAB with preprocedural US-assisted and landmark-based SAB using paramedian approach.

Methods:
The study enroled 150 American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients, aged 20–65 years, scheduled for lower limb orthopaedic surgery under SAB. In group L (n = 50), the patients underwent landmark-guided SAB utilising paramedian approach. In group P (n = 50), preprocedural US-assisted SAB was instituted and in group M (n = 50) real-time US-guided SAB was administered. The number of needle attempts for a successful SAB was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included successful SAB in first attempt, time taken to perform SAB and patients’ satisfaction.

Results:
The number of attempts for SAB were (mean ± standard deviation = 1.05 ± 0.35, 1.00 ± 0.28, 1.03 ± 0.26) in groups L, P and M, respectively (P = 0.436). The SAB was successful in the first attempt in 82%, 82% and 80% in groups L, P and M, respectively (P = 0.207). The time taken for the successful SAB was more in group M as compared to groups L and P (groups L and M, P = 0.045 and groups P and M, P = 0.004). The patients’ satisfaction score was comparable.

Conclusion:
Real-time US guidance for spinal anaesthesia resulted in needle attempts comparable to landmark and preprocedural US-assisted SAB in patients with a normal spine. The time required for the completion of the block was more in real-time US-guided SAB.
The MOAN (Musculo-Osteo-Arthro-Neuropathic) syndrome
Authors: Sanjay Kalra  , Vijay Kumar  , Nitin Kapoor  
Published: March 2022

We share the concept of a multisystemic syndrome which affects the muscle, bone, joints and nerves, in varying manners. The MOAN (musculo-osteo-arthro-neuropathic) syndrome highlights the close relationship between these four organ-systems, and their contribution to each other's health and disease. The mnemonic MOAN also underscores the discomfort and pain associated with the condition and encourages health professionals to address these patients in a holistic manner, rather than just addressing one of the components.
Keywords: Arthritis, Diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Endocrinology, Geriatrics, Neuropathy, Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis, Peripheral neuropathy, Sacropenia.
Cultivation of Pharmaceutical Ethics and Pharmaceutical Skills of Pharmaceutical Students Before Internship
Authors: Hu Li 
Published: March 2022

Cultivating students' moral and practical skills is an important teaching content in pharmacy teaching. The internship stage is the last training stage for the basic practical skills of pharmaceutical students. Before the internship, students should understand the rules and regulations of the internship unit, make clear the contents and objectives of the internship, strengthen the basic skills training of four pharmacy majors, which are prescription preparation, drug analysis and inspection and drug maintenance, and develop good pharmaceutical ethics.
A Study of Time Series Forecasting Enrollments Using Fuzzy Interval Partitioning Method
Authors: Hanif Rabia , Mustafa Saima , Iqbal Shafqat , Piracha Sajawal 
Published: March 2022

A time series is a sequence of elements with numerical data in sequential order and having regular intervals. Time series are used in statistics, enrollments, signal processing, econometrics, mathematical finance and weather forecasting, etc. It helpsus to forecast and predict the time series data in different domains. There are many methods to forecast the enrollments in literature which have large applications and are presented in the field of statistics and econometrics. One of the robust methods, we used in our research is moving average. It helps to forecast and predict the data whenever the fuzziness occurs in time series data, which is not appropriate in crisp time series forecasting. To get rid of this problem, the fuzzy interval partitioning method proved to be more appropriate to generate accurate results. This research will focus to overcomethe failure of the crisp method and to show the use of a fuzzy interval partitioning method. The fuzzy interval partitioning methodis different from another interval partition schemes because it specifies the linguistic values rather than numerical values. It is also used todeal with uncertain conditions. So, fuzzy interval partitioning improves data utilization and also calculate the higher predicted accuracy rate. Besides this research, we use a quantitative method and a fuzzy moving average with the interval partitioning method. Then we compare the efficiency of moving average model and moving average with fuzzy interval partitioning method for forecasting the enrollments.

Received: 15 January 2022 | Revised: 8 March 2022 | Accepted: 16 March 2022

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Stability of Fe(III) and Sn(IV) Metalloporphyrins Adsorbed on Cation-Exchanged Montmorillonite
Authors: Hassen Jasim , Silver Jack 
Published: March 2022

The iron(III)tetraphenylporphyrin chloride Fe(III)TPPCl, iron(III)tetra-naphthylporphyrin Fe(III)TNPCl, μ-oxo-bis[tetraphenylporphyriniron(III)] [(Fe(III)TPP)2O], μ-oxo-bis[tetranaphthylporphyriniron(III)] [(Fe(III)TNP)2O], tin(IV)tetraphenylporphyrin chloride Sn(IV)TPPCl2 and tin(IV)tetra-naphthylporphyrin Sn(IV)TNPCl2 complexes were all found to be adsorbed onto the montmorillonite MMT clay without demetallation. The evidence from the visible absorption and diffuse reflectance spectra all showed that the species present on the montmorillonite are the metallated form. Also the evidence from Mossbauer spectroscopy confirm these findings. The only process that occurs is that the dimeric form of the iron complexes underwent transformation to the monomeric form. The clay-complex systems were characterized using visible absorption spectra, diffuse reflectance spectra, X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectra and Electron microscopy.
HIGHLIGHTS

Fe(III)TPPCl, Fe(III)TNPCl, Sn(IV)TPPCl2, and Sn(IV)TNPCl2 porphyrin complexes adsorbed onto the montmorillonite clay without demetallation
The dimeric forms of iron porphyrin complexes [(Fe(III)TPP)2O] and [(Fe(III)TNP)2O are converted to the monomeric form when adsorbed on montmorillonite clay
The weak acidity of montmorillonite clay does not have the ability to cause demetallation of the metallo complexes of porphyrin
On the issue of caterpillar trains controllability evaluation at the design stage using a complex of natural-mathematical modeling
Authors: Evseev K. B. , Kositsyn B. B. , Kotiev G. O. , Stadukhin A. A. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction(problemstatement and relevance).The insurance of the required safety level is getting more relevant in connection with the intensive implementation of remote control systems being developed for vehicles with varying degrees of motion autonomy. When transporting bulky and heavy loads off-road by remote-controlled tracked trains it is advisable to use the methods of full-scale mathematical modeling at the design stage to evaluate the operational properties of the remote-controlled tracked trains associated with undetermined actions of the driving operator.The purposeof the study was to evaluate the controllability of caterpillar trains transporting goods off-road with the help of a natural-mathematical modeling complex.Methodology and research methods.To assess the controllability of caterpillar trains, the mathematical model requirements for a complex of full-scale mathematical modeling were worked out, taking into account the mathematical model of caterpillar train motion. Using the method of natural-mathematical modeling, the controllability of a caterpillar train was evaluated when moving along a “snake” type trajectory.Scientiﬁcnoveltyandresults.The methods presented in this paper and the developed mathematical model, suitable for a complex of natural-mathematical motion modeling, allow to determine the indicators of tracked trains operational properties associated with non-deterministic control actions of the driver operator and the disturbing effect of the road conditions. The novelty of the work lies in the developed mathematical model and the possibility of its application in the complex of natural-mathematical motion modeling for the study of operational properties and load modes of unmanned tracked trains. As a result of the study, the caterpillar trains controllability evaluation has been made when moving along a “snake” type trajectory as well as assessment of the caterpillar trains transmission load.Practical signiﬁcance.The developed mathematical model allows determining the indicators of caterpillar trains operational properties at the design stage using a complex of natural-mathematical motion modeling. In addition, when performing virtual races, one can get data on the modes of transmission and select required characteristics.
Influence of the choice of insolation forcing on the results of a conceptual glacial cycle model
Authors: Leloup Gaëlle , Paillard Didier 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Over the Quaternary, ice volume variations are “paced” by astronomy. However, the precise way in which the astronomical parameters influence the glacial–interglacial cycles is not clear. The origin of the 100 kyr cycles over the last 1 million years and of the switch from 40 to 100 kyr cycles over the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) remain largely unexplained.
By representing the climate system as oscillating between two states, glaciation and deglaciation, switching once glaciation and deglaciation thresholds are crossed, the main features of the ice volume record can be reproduced (Parrenin and Paillard, 2012).
However, previous studies have only focused on the use of a single summer insolation as input.
Here, we use a simple conceptual model to test and discuss the influence of the use of different summer insolation forcings, having different contributions from precession and obliquity, on the model results.
We show that some features are robust. Specifically, to be able to reproduce the frequency shift over the MPT, while having all other model parameters fixed, the deglaciation threshold needs to increase over time, independently of the summer insolation used as input. The quality of the model–data agreement however depends on the chosen type of summer insolation and time period considered.
KAJIAN MACAM DOSIS PUPUK MAJEMUK NPK DAN PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Al Hafidh Ari Bahttiar , Istiqomah Istiqomah , Amiroh Ana 
Published: March 2022

This research was conducted in Kadungrembug, Sukodadi District, Lamongan Regency. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) with a factorial pattern with 3 replications, consisting of 2 factors, namely the dose of npk fertilizer 100 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, 300 kg/ha and The second factor is: without drum fertilizer, goat manure, chicken manure fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving a dose of NPK fertilizer to increase the growth and production of tomato. The application of goat manure and a dose of 100 kg/ha of NPK fertilizer was thought to have a better effect on the growth and production of tomato plants. So that the growth of tomato plants can grow optimally. The results of research that has been carried out on the treatment of doses of NPK fertilizer and manure on the growth and production of tomato plants treatment of doses of NPK fertilizer and manure on the growth and production of tomato plants can be concluded that there is an interaction with the combination manure and dose of NPK fertilizer parameters were plant height at 7, 14 and 21 days after planting, number of leaves at 7, 14 and 21 days after fruit number and fruit weight. The best treatment was obtained in the treatment of goat manure and NPK fertilizer dose of 100 kg/ha.
Kajian Macam Jarak Tanam dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang Kambing Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutencens L.)
Authors: Qibtiyah Mariyatul , Kholiq Hasan , Anam Choirul 
Published: March 2022

Cabai rawit (Capsicum frutencens L.) merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran penting yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi dan cocok untuk di kembangkan di daerah tropica seperti di Indonesia. Upaya peningkatan produksi cabai rawit dengan memanfaatkan Kotoran kambing secara umum akan memberikan manfaat yang besar bagi kesuburan tanah dalam jangka waktu yang panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk kandang kambing terhadap pertumbuhan dan poduksi tanaman cabe rawit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Lowayu Kecamatan Dukun Kabupaten Gresik. Ketinggian tempat ± 0-500 meter dpl. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Mei 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). faktor perlakuan yaitu Pupuk kandang kambing dan Jarak tanam. Faktor Pupuk Kandang kambing terdiri dari 3 level yaitu: 0 t/ha, 5 t/ha, dan 10 t/ha. Faktor Jarak tanam terdiri dari 3 level yaitu: 50 x 50 cm, 50 x 60 cm, dan 50 x 70 cm. Indikator pertumbuhan dan produksi yang diamati meliputi: tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, diameter batang, jumlah bunga, jumlah buah, diameter buah, berat buah, berat buah per hektar. Analisa menggunakan analisa sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji BNT 5%. Hasil pengamatan dan perhitungan melalui analisa sidik ragam dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa yang memberikan produksi tinggi pada tanaman Cabai rawit yaitu perlakuan pupuk kandang kambing 10 t/ha (P3) dan Jarak tanam 50 x 70 cm (J3) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan yang lainnya.
Analisis Konsep dan Implementasi Penilaian Kinerja Guru
Authors: Hasanah Siti Muawanatul 
Published: March 2022

Islam menganjurkan pada setiap pemeluknya untuk melaksanakan proses pendidikan, bahkan menganjurkan melaksanakan proses tersebut sampai pada ahir hayatnya, itulah salah satu anjuran yang disampaikan lewat Rosulnya yaitu Nabi Muhammad SWA. Negara Indonesia juga memberikan kesempatan setiap warganya untuk mendapatkan hak belajar dengan baik. Maka Pendidikan itu sendiri merupakan kebutuhan yang mutlak dibutuhkan oleh manusia sepanjang hayatnya, baik secara individu, kelompok sosial.
Dari sinilah proses pendidikan dapat di jalankan dengan baik tentunya dengan bimbingan seorang guru. Untuk menjadi guru juga wajib memenuhi beberapa kompetensi yang disyaratkan seperti yang termaktub dalam peraturan dalam undang-undang guru dan dosen, dan harus memenuhi criteria yang dipersyaratkan. Oleh karenanya analisis konsep dan implementasi penilaian kinerja guru menjadi tawaran penulis, dalam hal ini untuk mengetahui tingkat pencapaian hasil kinerja guru yang telah dilaksanakan dan diusahakannya.
Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan penelitian library research, merupakan jenis penilitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan ketajaman cara penulis membaca dan mentelaah dari berbagai literature dan sumber yang dijadikan sumber, selanjutnya penulis reduksi.
Konsep penilaian kinerja guru (PKG) Guru mempunyai dua ranah, yaitu pertama Untuk menilai kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan semua kompetensi dan keterampilan yang diperlukan pada proses pembelajaran, pembimbingan, atau pelaksanaan tugas tambahan yang relevan dengan fungsi sekolah/madrasah. Yang kedua Untuk menghitung angka kredit yang diperoleh guru atas kinerja dalam proses pembelajaran, pembimbingan, atau pelaksanaan tugas tambahan yang relevan dengan fungsi sekolah/madrasah yang dilakukannya pada tahun tersebut. Terlepas dari dua ranah tersebut PKG dimaksudkan untuk memperbaiki kualitas SDM Guru. Sedangkan Analisis implementasi kinerja guru dapat di implementasikan dari empat kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh seorang guru, yaitu: kompetensi pedagogi, kompetensi kepribadian, kompetensi sosial, dan kompetensi profesional.
Teknik dan Penyusunan Insrumen Evaluasi Kognitif
Authors: . Syahri 
Published: March 2022

In the learning process, evaluation is needed to know the learning results obtained by learners to develop their potential both knowledge (cognitive), attitude (affective), and skills (Psychmotor). The most basic thing that must be seen is in terms of knowledge (Cognitive). To make a good assessment in terms of knowledge, techniques and ways of preparing good instruments are also needed, especially in terms of knowledge (cognitive). In this scientific work will be discussed several techniques and preparation of knowledge evaluation (cognitive) including: a) Steps for The Preparation of Instruments Assessment of Learning Outcomes of Knowledge/Cognitive, b) Techniques for The Preparation of Learning Outcome Tests of Knowledge / Cognitive, and c) Non-Test Techniques for Assessment of Learning Outcomes of Knowledge / Cognitive Based on analysis of steps of preparing cognitive domain instruments, among others: 1) Defines the purpose and region of the test, 2) Outlines the material and behavioral limits to be measured, 3) Arranges a grid grid, 4) Selects the form of the test, 5) Determines the length of the test.
Socioeconomic and livelihood status of floodplain fish farmers in Kotalipara upazila, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
Authors: HALIM MD ABDUL 
Published: March 2022

This paper describes the socio-economic and livelihood status of adjacent floodplain fish farmers in Kotalipara upazila, Gopalganj, Bangladesh. A survey was conducted from July to December, 2020 to assess the present socio-economic status of the fish farmers in a floodplain of Gopalganj district. The survey revealed that the average age and experience of fish farmers were 40.50±14.5 and 17.5±7.15 years, respectively. It was also found that 76.64% of farmers were married, 21.50% were unmarried and 1.87% were widows. It was found that 62.60% fish farmers had a kacha house, 6.20% had a paka house, 26.60% had semi-paka house and only 4.70% had two storied. Sixty percent fish farmers have kacha toilets, 20 % semi-paka and 10% have no sanitary facilities. About 27% of fish farmers practiced monoculture fish culture and 73% farmers followed polyculture culture. It was tracked down that 48% of the fish farmers gathered fries/fingerlings from the fry merchants, 5% from the Govt. farms, 25% from the neighborhood nursery, 10% from personal nursery and extra 12% from local hatcheries. In the survey region about 15% fish farmers manage aquatic weeds, 25% fish farmers dried out their water reservoir, 55% fish farmers refit the pond dykes and 5% fish farmers eradicate the bed sludge. At the end of the study, 25% fish farmers said that economic well-being has improved exceptionally, 55% fish farmers said that social situations have improved marginally and 20% fish farmers are static. In the final part of the study, 73% fish farmers reported that they used loose feed, 9% used pellets and 18% used both types. In the survey location, fish production was 2,964 kg/ha. All fish farmers were fully dependent on floodplain fishery for their livelihood. It is possible to uplift their socioeconomic status by managing the floodplain with improved technology.