bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A competitive advantage through fast dead matter elimination in confined cellular aggregates
Authors: Pollack Yoav G , Bittihn Philip , Golestanian Ramin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Competition of different species or cell types for limited space is relevant in a variety of biological processes such as biofilm development, tissue morphogenesis and tumor growth. Predicting the outcome for non-adversarial competition of such growing active matter is non-trivial, as it depends on how processes like growth, proliferation and the degradation of cellular matter are regulated in confinement; regulation that happens even in the absence of competition to achieve the dynamic steady state known as homeostasis. Here, we show that passive by-products of the processes maintaining homeostasis can significantly alter fitness. Even for purely pressure-regulated growth and exclusively mechanical interactions, this enables cell types with lower homeostatic pressure to outcompete those with higher homeostatic pressure. We reveal that interfaces play a critical role for this specific kind of competition: there, growing matter with a higher proportion of active cells can better exploit local growth opportunities that continuously arise as the active processes keep the system out of mechanical equilibrium. We elucidate this effect in a theoretical toy model and test it in an agent-based computational model that includes finite-time mechanical persistence of dead cells and thereby decouples the density of growing cells from the homeostatic pressure. Our results suggest that self-organization of cellular aggregates into active and passive matter can be decisive for competition outcomes and that optimizing the proportion of growing (active) cells can be as important to survival as sensitivity to mechanical cues.
3d-Electron-doping induced multiferroicity and half-metallicity in PbTiO3
Authors: Gilani S , Nazir S , Zulfiqar M , Zhao Y 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Atomic interactions can be used to control and tune the physical properties of the systems, which are different from the pristine structure. Herein, we explored the ferroelectric, magnetic, and electronic properties of 3d transition metals (TM = Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn)-doped PbTiO3 utilizing density functional theory calculations. The structural stability of the undoped and doped systems is checked by computing the formation enthalpies in terms of the Convex Hull analysis, affirms the experimental realization of all the motifs. It is established that the versatile multiferroic properties can be obtained by TM-doping, which are ranging from non-magnetic/magnetic semiconductor or conductor (Sc-, Zn-, and Ni-doped systems)/(V-, Mn-, Fe-, and Cu-doped systems) to half-metallic ferromagnetic (Cr- and Co-doped systems). The most striking feature of the present study is that Cr- and Co-doped systems display half-metallic behavior along with a moderate spontaneous polarization (SP) of 40.07 and 59.77 μC/cm−2, respectively. The metallicity in the spin-minority channel mainly comes from the Cr and Co 3dyz+xz orbitals with a small contribution from d

xy
. However, Zn-doped motif displays a higher SP magnitude of 70.32 μC/cm−2 than that of other doped systems. Finally, the induced magnetism in these doped structures is explained by addressing the low and high spin state configurations of TM ions. As it found that Mn- and Fe-doped structures exhibit a larger moment of 2.9 and 2.7 μ

B
and lie in a high spin states of S = 2.0 and 2.02, respectively. Hence, our calculations highly demand the experimental verification of these doped materials for their potential realization in spintronic devices.
RETRACTED: Role of Alloying Composition on the Nanomechanical Behavior of Amorphous Nanolaminates
Authors: Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Al-Gazally Moaed E. , Abdelbasset Walid Kamal , Pradhan Preeti , Bokov Dmitry Olegovich , Abdulkadhm Mohammed Mustafa , Kadhim Mustafa M. , Altimari Usama S. , Al-Thamir Mohaimen , Thangavelu Lakshmi , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Jabbar Abdullah Hasan , Sajjadifar Sami 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to evaluate the nanomechanical properties and plasticity behavior of amorphous nanolaminates. For this purpose, two types of nanolaminates with the composition layers of Cu50Zr50/Cu54Zr46/Cu60Zr40 (ABC-type) and Cu50Zr50/Cu60Zr40 (AC-type) were firstly designed and the mechanical properties were then evaluated through the nanoindentation and tensile loading. The results indicated that the ABC-type nanolaminate exhibited higher strength and resisted the relaxation of stored energy in the holding stage of the indenting process. The Von-Mises strain distribution also showed that the plastic deformation initiated from the indenter/sample connection and gradually continued into the depth of the sample, while the strained regions in the AC-type considerably extended in the width of the sample perpendicular to the indenting force. The tensile loading results demonstrated that the intersection of the interface and free surface is the potential site for the initiation of shear events in both nanolaminates; however, the AC-type showed a sharp strain accumulation in the soft layer (Cu50Zr50) with the increase in the total strain value. On the other side, the gradual changes in the chemical compositions of layers and slight compositional variations at the interfaces led to more homogeneous plastic deformation in the ABC-type nanolaminate.
EMvelop stimulation: minimally invasive deep brain stimulation using temporally interfering electromagnetic waves
Authors: Ahsan Fatima , Chi Taiyun , Cho Raymond , Sheth Sameer A , Goodman Wayne , Aazhang Behnaam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. Recently, the temporal interference stimulation (TIS) technique for focal noninvasive deep brain stimulation (DBS) was reported. However, subsequent computational modeling studies on the human brain have shown that while TIS achieves higher focality of electric fields than state-of-the-art methods, further work is needed to improve the stimulation strength. Here, we investigate the idea of EMvelop stimulation, a minimally invasive DBS setup using temporally interfering gigahertz (GHz) electromagnetic (EM) waves. At GHz frequencies, we can create antenna arrays at the scale of a few centimeters or less that can be endocranially implanted to enable longitudinal stimulation and circumvent signal attenuation due to the scalp and skull. Furthermore, owing to the small wavelength of GHz EM waves, we can optimize both amplitudes and phases of the EM waves to achieve high intensity and focal stimulation at targeted regions within the safety limit for exposure to EM waves. Approach. We develop a simulation framework investigating the propagation of GHz EM waves generated by line current antenna elements and the corresponding heat generated in the brain tissue. We propose two optimization flows to identify antenna current amplitudes and phases for either maximal intensity or maximal focality transmission of the interfering electric fields with EM waves safety constraint. Main results. A representative result of our study is that with two endocranially implanted arrays of size

4.2
cm

×

4.7
cm

each, we can achieve an intensity of 12 V m−1 with a focality of

3.6
cm

at a target deep in the brain tissue. Significance. In this proof-of-principle study, we show that the idea of EMvelop stimulation merits further investigation as it can be a minimally invasive way of stimulating deep brain targets and offers benefits not shared by prior methodologies of electrical or magnetic stimulation.
Three-dimensional inhomogeneity of electron-temperature-gradient turbulence in the edge of tokamak plasmas
Authors: Parisi J.F. , Parra F.I. , Roach C.M. , Hardman M.R. , Schekochihin A.A. , Abel I.G. , Aiba N. , Ball J. , Barnes M. , Chapman-Oplopoiou B. , Dickinson D. , Dorland W. , Giroud C. , Hatch D.R. , Hillesheim J.C. , Ruiz Ruiz J. , Saarelma S. , St-Onge D. , JET Contributors  
Published: June 2022

AbstractNonlinear multiscale gyrokinetic simulations of a Joint European Torus edge pedestal are used to show that electron-temperature-gradient (ETG) turbulence has a rich three-dimensional structure, varying strongly according to the local magnetic-field configuration. In the plane normal to the magnetic field, the steep pedestal electron temperature gradient gives rise to anisotropic turbulence with a radial (normal) wavelength much shorter than in the binormal direction. In the parallel direction, the location and parallel extent of the turbulence are determined by the variation in the magnetic drifts and finite-Larmor-radius (FLR) effects. The magnetic drift and FLR topographies have a perpendicular-wavelength dependence, which permits turbulence intensity maxima near the flux-surface top and bottom at longer binormal scales, but constrains turbulence to the outboard midplane at shorter electron-gyroradius binormal scales. Our simulations show that long-wavelength ETG turbulence does not transport heat efficiently, and significantly decreases overall ETG transport—in our case by ∼40%—through multiscale interactions.
3D printed bioresorbable scaffolds for articular cartilage tissue engineering: a comparative study between neat polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactide-b-ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) block copolymer
Authors: Urtaza Uzuri , Guaresti Olatz , Gorroñogoitia Izar , Zubiarrain-Laserna Ana , Muiños-López Emma , Granero-Moltó Froilán , Lamo de Espinosa JM , López-Martinez Tania , Mazo Manuel , Prósper Felipe , Zaldua Ane Miren , Anakabe Jon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work identifies and describes different material-scaffold geometry combinations for cartilage tissue engineering (CTE). Previously reported potentially interesting scaffold geometries were tuned and printed using bioresorbable polycaprolactone and poly(lactide-b-ethylene) block copolymer. Medical grades of both polymers were 3D printed with fused filament fabrication technology within an ISO 7 classified cleanroom. Resulting scaffolds were then optically, mechanically and biologically tested. Results indicated that a few material-scaffold geometry combinations present potential for excellent cell viability as well as for an enhance of the chondrogenic properties of the cells, hence suggesting their suitability for CTE applications.
Beyond the lockdowns: satellite observations of aerosol optical depth through 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Smith Sarah Elise , Ting Mingfang , Wu Yutian , Zheng Cheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Anticipated future reductions in aerosol emissions are expected to accelerate warming and substantially change precipitation characteristics. Therefore, it is vital to identify the existing patterns and possible future pathways of anthropogenic aerosol reductions. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted abrupt, global declines in transportation and industrial activities, providing opportunities to study the aerosol effects of pandemic-driven emissions changes. Here, measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from two satellite instruments were used to characterize aerosol burdens throughout 2020 in four Northern Hemisphere source regions (Eastern & Central China, the United States, India, and Europe). In most regions, record-low measures of AOD persisted beyond the earliest ‘lockdown’ periods of the pandemic. Record-low values were most concentrated during the boreal spring and summer months, when 56% to 72% of sampled months showed record-low AOD values for their respective regions. However, in India and Eastern & Central China, the COVID-19 AOD signature was eclipsed by sources of natural variability (dust) and a multi-year trend, respectively. In the United States and Europe, a likely COVID-19 signal peaks in the summer of 2020, contributing as much as −.01 to −.03 AOD units to observed anomalies.
The role of food and land use systems in achieving India’s sustainability targets
Authors: Jha Chandan Kumar , Singh Vartika , Stevanović Miodrag , Dietrich Jan Philipp , Mosnier Aline , Weindl Isabelle , Popp Alexander , Traub Guido Schmidt , Ghosh Ranjan Kumar , Lotze-Campen Hermann 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The food and land use sector is a major contributor to India’s total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. On one hand, India is committed to sustainability targets in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sectors, on the other, there is little clarity whether these objectives can align with national developmental priorities of food security and environmental protection. This study fills the gap by reviewing multiple corridors to sustain the AFOLU systems through an integrated assessment framework using partial equilibrium modeling. We create three pathways that combine the shared socio-economic pathways with alternative assumptions on diets and mitigation strategies. We analyze our results of the pathways on key indicators of land-use change, GHG emissions, food security, water withdrawals in agriculture, agricultural trade and production diversity. Our findings indicate that dietary shift, improved efficiency in livestock production systems, lower fertilizer use, and higher yield through sustainable intensification can reduce GHG emissions from the AFOLU sectors up to 80% by 2050. Dietary shifts could help meet EAT-Lancet recommended minimum calorie requirements alongside meeting mitigation ambitions. Further, water withdrawals in agriculture would reduce by half by 2050 in the presence of environmental flow protection and mitigation strategies. We conclude by pointing towards specific strategic policy design changes that would be essential to embark on such a sustainable pathway.
Hematological biomarkers of systemic inflammation in genuine (physiologic and pathologic) halitosis
Authors: Park Seoeun , Jo Jung Hwan , Kim Young Ku , Park Ji Woon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Halitosis is an unpleasant odor discharged through the oral cavity with a prevalence as high as 30%–50% of the general population. Conventional diagnostic methods have been focused on mouth air analysis measuring the amount of sulfur compounds which does not directly reflect the cause of halitosis. Also, the possible role of halitosis as an indicator of general health status has been steadily suggested and inflammation has been constantly associated with aversive body odor. Therefore, this study aimed to search for inter-relationships between hematologic indicators, clinical characteristics, and halitosis measurement that can predict the presence of pathologic halitosis and its intensity. Furthermore, the tentative relationship between halitosis and the presence of systemic inflammation was investigated. A total of 125 patients were divided into 103 patients in the genuine halitosis group (value ⩾80 ppb) and 22 patients in the pseudo halitosis group (value <80 ppb) based on portable sulfide monitor measurements. Clinical examination and hematological indices including inflammatory prognostic factors and halitosis measurements including organoleptic testing, portable sulfide monitor, and gas chromatography were evaluated. The genuine halitosis group showed a significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) count (p< 0.01) compared to the pseudo halitosis group. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, β = 0.341, p < 0.05) values and duration of halitosis (β= 0.353, p < 0.05) showed a significant association with halitosis intensity and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values (β = 3.859, p < 0.05) were significantly related to genuine halitosis diagnosis. A new WBC cut-off value of 5575 μl−1 showed near to fair discriminative power in predicting genuine halitosis (area under the curve 0.661, p < 0.05). The results of this study showing an increased WBC count in genuine halitosis and its strong association with hematologic indices of subclinical inflammation including ESR and NLR suggest inflammatory hematologic markers as potential diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of genuine halitosis.
Investigation of stimulated growth effect using pulsed cold atmospheric plasma treatment on Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: LI Mengqi , HUANG Xiaoyi , XIONG Zilan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCold atmospheric plasma (CAP) driven by pulsed high-voltage power has specific advantages in various fields, such as the growth promotion of edible fungi in plasma agriculture. Compared with other strains,Ganoderma lucidumhas the significant advantage of high medicinal value, but the shortcomings of low yield, long growth cycle, and an uneven market quality. In this study,Ganoderma lucidumwas treated with a CAP powered by a homemade pulsed high-voltage power supply. Three groups ofGanoderma lucidumwere treated under different conditions. The stalk lengths and pileus areas ofGanoderma lucidumwere recorded to evaluate growth status. Results showed that treatment frequency affected growth status considerably.Ganoderma lucidumwas treated with 40 s plasma once a week and showed an improved growth status with a 33.63% increase in average stalk length and a 28% increase in the number of individuals whose pileus areas was greater than the average. Meanwhile, the growth speed was accelerated. However, treatment at an excessive frequency would damage and slow down the growth ofGanoderma lucidum.
Virtualization and standardization of a health-system specialty pharmacy call center
Authors: Pierce Gabrielle , Khamo Nehrin , Kumor Lisa , Rim Matthew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provided an opportunity to change how health-system specialty pharmacy (HSSP) call center operations are organized. This article describes the steps taken to virtualize the current operations of a specialty pharmacy services call center and evaluate the impact.

Summary
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the normal provision of healthcare necessitated that HSSPs drastically modify existing procedures to both accommodate the expectations of staff and overcome the many barriers to care being experienced by patients. To fully understand and improve upon the workflow processes of an HSSP call center, a combination of qualitative feedback from patients, quantitative claims data, and quality metrics was evaluated. This project was divided into 3 phases: phase 1 (baseline) from July 2020 through August 2020, phase 2 (implementation) from September 2020 through December 2020, and phase 3 (analysis) from January 2021 through March 2021. Phase 1 included baseline review of workflow. Phase 2 encompassed development of new standard operating procedures (SOPs), making critical decisions to promote virtual capabilities of staff, and collaboration with team members to increase efficiency of current workflow. During phase 3, an evaluation of operational and service-related metrics was conducted to determine the impact of phase 2 workflow changes. Optimization of the specialty pharmacy call center allowed for staff members to transition to remote work to minimize exposure risk and prioritize the safety of patients and team members.

Conclusion
The call center team was able to transition to fully remote operations, implement new SOPs, and undergo significant workflow changes to optimize performance while still maintaining all call center metric goals and without increased complaints from patients or errors. This approach allowed for added staff value and safety and improved organization during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The cognitive and neural underpinnings of discourse coherence in post-stroke aphasia
Authors: Alyahya Reem S W , Lambon Ralph Matthew A , Halai Ajay , Hoffman Paul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough impaired discourse production is one of the prominent features of aphasia, only a handful of investigations have addressed the cognitive, linguistic and neural processes that support the production of coherent discourse. In this study, we investigated the cognitive and neural correlates of discourse coherence in a large mixed cohort of patients with post-stroke aphasia, including the first voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping of coherence deficits. Discourse responses using different tasks were collected from 46 patients with post-stroke aphasia, including a wide range of classifications and severity levels, and 20 matched neuro-typical controls. Global coherence, defined as the degree to which utterances related to the expected topic of discourse, was estimated using a previously validated computational linguistic approach. Coherence was then related to fundamental language and cognitive components in aphasia identified using an extensive neuropsychological battery. Relative to neuro-typical controls, patients with aphasia exhibited impaired coherence, and their ability to maintain coherent discourse was related to their performance on other language components: phonological production, fluency and semantic processing, rather than executive functions or motor speech. These results suggest that impairments in core language components play a role in reducing discourse coherence in post-stroke aphasia. Whole-brain voxel-wise lesion-symptom mapping using univariate and multivariate approaches identified the contribution of the left prefrontal cortex, and particularly the inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis), to discourse coherence. These findings provide convergent evidence for the role of the inferior frontal gyrus in maintaining discourse coherence, which is consistent with the established role of this region in producing connected speech and semantic control (organizing and selecting appropriate context-relevant concepts). These results make an important contribution to understanding the root causes of disrupted discourse production in post-stroke aphasia.