bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition of B-type Stars from LAMOST DR5
Authors: Liu Zhicun , Cui Wenyuan , Liu Chao , Alexeeva Sofya , Shi Jianrong , Zhao Gang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present detailed criteria for the classification of subtypes of B-type supergiants and apply them to 97 supergiants chosen manually from the LAMOST DR5 data set. We obtained the physical parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, projected rotational velocity) and chemical abundances of C and Si for 103 B-type stars, including 62 supergiants. Non-LTE TLUSTY atmospheric models are employed in our analysis. Projected rotational velocities of B-type stars are found to be systematically smaller than those of the old clusters in the Milky Way. The spectral types and luminosity classes of our manually classified B-type stars are consistent with their effective temperatures and surface gravities derived from the model spectral matching method, respectively. The obtained C and Si abundances for most of our B-type stars are subsolar. Our results indicate that a silicon abundance gradient is −0.0419 ± 0.0226 dex kpc−1 in the region of 7.1 kpc ≤ R

g
≤ 14.1 kpc, which is in agreement with previous studies.
Identifying High-energy Neutrino Transients by Neutrino Multiplet-triggered Follow-ups
Authors: Yoshida Shigeru , Murase Kohta , Tanaka Masaomi , Shimizu Nobuhiro , Ishihara Aya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transient sources such as supernovae (SNe) and tidal disruption events are candidates of high-energy neutrino sources. However, SNe commonly occur in the universe and a chance coincidence of their detection with a neutrino signal cannot be avoided, which may lead to a challenge of claiming their association with neutrino emission. In order to overcome this difficulty, we propose a search for ∼10–100 TeV multiple neutrino events within a timescale of ∼30 days coming from the same direction, called neutrino multiplets. We show that demanding multiplet detection by a ∼1 km3 neutrino telescope limits the distances of detectable neutrino sources, which enables us to identify source counterparts by multiwavelength observations owing to the substantially reduced rate of the chance coincidence detection of transients. We apply our results by constructing a feasible strategy for optical follow-up observations and demonstrate that wide-field optical telescopes with a ≳4 m dish should be capable of identifying a transient associated with a neutrino multiplet. We also present the resultant sensitivity of multiplet neutrino detection as a function of the released energy of neutrinos and burst rate density. A model of neutrino transient sources with an emission energy greater than a few × 1051 erg and a burst rate rarer than a few ×10−8 Mpc−3 yr−1 is constrained by the null detection of multiplets by a ∼1 km3 scale neutrino telescope. This already disfavors the canonical high-luminosity gamma-ray bursts and jetted tidal disruption events as major sources in the TeV-energy neutrino sky.
Formation of the Cosmic-Ray Halo: The Role of Nonlinear Landau Damping
Authors: Chernyshov D. O. , Dogiel V. A. , Ivlev A. V. , Erlykin A. D. , Kiselev A. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present a nonlinear model of a self-consistent Galactic halo, where the processes of cosmic-ray (CR) propagation and excitation/damping of MHD waves are included. The MHD turbulence that prevents CR escape from the Galaxy is entirely generated by the resonant streaming instability. The key mechanism controlling the halo size is the nonlinear Landau (NL) damping, which suppresses the amplitude of MHD fluctuations and, thus, makes the halo larger. The equilibrium turbulence spectrum is determined by a balance of CR excitation and NL damping, which sets the regions of diffusive and advective propagation of CRs. The boundary z
cr(E) between the two regions is the halo size, which slowly increases with the energy. For the vertical magnetic field of ∼1 μG, we estimate z
cr ∼ 1 kpc for GeV protons. The derived proton spectrum is in a good agreement with observational data.
SDSS J1058+5443: A Blue Quasar without Optical/NUV Broad Emission Lines
Authors: Zhang XueGuang , Zhao SiDan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the blue quasar SDSS J105816.19+544310.2 (=SDSS J1058+5443) at redshift 0.479 has been reported as the best true type 2 quasar candidate with the disappearance of central broad-line regions. There are no definite conclusions on the very existence of true type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGN), mainly due to detected optical broad emission lines in high-quality spectra of some previously classified true type 2 AGN candidates. Here, unlike previously reported true type 2 AGN candidates among narrow emission-line galaxies with weak AGN activities but strong stellar lights, the definitely blue quasar SDSS J1058+5443 can be well confirmed as a true type 2 quasar due to apparent quasar-shape blue continuum emissions but an apparent loss of both the optical broad Balmer emission lines and the near-UV (NUV) broad Mg ii emission line. Based on different model functions and the F-test statistical technique, after considering blueshifted optical and UV Fe ii emissions, there are no apparent broad optical Balmer emission lines and/or broad NUV Mg ii lines, and the confidence level is smaller than 1σ in support of broad optical and NUV emission lines. Moreover, assuming the virialization assumption to broad-line emission clouds, the reconstructed broad emission lines strongly indicate that the probable intrinsic broad emission lines, if they exist, cannot be hidden or overwhelmed in the noise of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectrum of SDSS J1058+5443. Therefore, SDSS J1058+5443 is so far the best and most robust true type 2 quasar candidate, leading to the clear conclusion of the very existence of true type 2 AGN.
A Millimeter-multiwavelength Continuum Study of VLA 1623 West
Authors: Michel Arnaud , Sadavoy Sarah I. , Sheehan Patrick D. , Looney Leslie W. , Cox Erin G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
VLA 1623 West is an ambiguous source that has been described as a shocked cloudlet as well as a protostellar disk. We use deep ALMA 1.3 and 0.87 mm observations to constrain its shape and structure to determine its origins better. We use a series of geometric models to fit the uv visibilities at both wavelengths with GALARIO. Although the real visibilities show structures similar to what has been identified as gaps and rings in protoplanetary disks, we find that a modified flat-topped Gaussian model at high inclination provides the best fit to the observations. This fit agrees well with expectations for an optically thick, highly inclined disk. Nevertheless, we find that the geometric models consistently yield positive residuals at the four corners of the disk at both wavelengths. We interpret these residuals as evidence that the disk is flared in the millimeter dust. We use a simple toy model for an edge-on flared disk and find that the residuals best match a disk with flaring that is mainly restricted to the outer disk at R ≳ 30 au. Thus, VLA 1623W may represent a young protostellar disk where the large dust grains have not yet had enough time to settle into the midplane. This result may have implications for how disk evolution and vertical dust settling impact the initial conditions leading to planet formation.
Physical Characterization of Near-Earth Asteroid (52768) 1998 OR2: Evidence of Shock Darkening/Impact Melt
Authors: Battle Adam , Reddy Vishnu , Sanchez Juan A. , Sharkey Benjamin , Pearson Neil , Bowen Bryn 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We conducted photometric and spectroscopic characterization of near-Earth asteroid (52768) 1998 OR2 during a close approach to Earth in 2020 April. Our photometric measurements confirm the rotation period of the asteroid to be 4.126 ± 0.179 hr, consistent with the previously published value of 4.112 ± 0.001 hr. By combining our visible spectroscopic measurements (0.45–0.93 μm) with archival MITHNEOS near-infrared spectra (0.78–2.49 μm), we classify the asteroid as an Xn-type in the Bus–DeMeo taxonomy. The combined spectrum shows two weak absorption bands: Band I at 0.926 ± 0.003 μm and Band II at 2.07 ± 0.02 μm, with band depths of 4.5% ± 0.15% and 4.0% ± 0.21%, respectively. The band area ratio is 1.13 ± 0.05. These spectral band parameters plot at the tip of the S(IV) region of the Gaffey S-asteroid subtypes plot, suggesting an affinity to ordinary chondrite meteorites. We calculated the chemistry of olivine and pyroxene using the Band I center to be 20.1 ± 2.3 mol% fayalite and 18.2 ± 1.5 mol% ferrosilite, consistent with H-chondrites. Principal component analysis of 1998 OR2's combined visible–near-IR spectrum falls on the C/X-complex side of the α-line, near the end of the shock-darkening trend, consistent with its weak absorption bands (band depth <5%). We use an areal mixing model with lab measurements of the shock-darkened H5 chondrite, Chergach, to constrain the amount of shock-darkened material on the asteroid’s surface at ∼63% dark lithology and ∼37% light lithology.
« Mes couleurs brillent sous le soleil de l’hippodrome. » Posséder un pur-sang en Afrique du Sud
Authors: Chevalier Sophie 
Published: October 2022

L’auteure s’interroge ici sur les modalités suivant lesquelles un cheval de course peut être considéré comme un « bien de luxe ». Elle montre que le pur-sang est le résultat d’un processus de mise en valeur, d’« enrichissement », qui le transforme en « bien de luxe ». Cette mise en valeur de l’animal passe par la création d’une généalogie qui l’immortalise, ainsi que par les nombreux récits de ses victoires historiques. Le cheval en tant que tel n’appartient pas à une classe spéciale de biens – même en tenant compte du fait qu’il s’agit d’un être vivant, il entre plutôt dans un registre spécial de consommation, qui s’inscrit dans un monde social, construit spécifiquement autour de l’animal. L’analyse de ce monde social permet aussi à l’auteure d’explorer les transformations sociopolitiques que traverse la société sud-africaine post-apartheid.
La prise en charge psychiatrique au Sénégal
Authors: Ndoye Fatou , Sylla Aida , Dieye Mouhamed Moustapha , Samba Ly Bocar 
Published: October 2022

Cette étude porte sur l’évolution de la prise en charge psychiatrique au Sénégal à travers l’histoire du service de psychiatrie au CHNU de Fann-Dakar. Celle-ci était fortement marquée par l’orientation que lui a imprimée le médecin militaire français qui a fondé « l’École de Fann » à la fin des années 50. Par le truchement d’une analyse diachronique, les données recueillies montrent que la psychiatrie s’est progressivement éloignée de l’organisation originelle, en l’occurrence l’approche ethnopsychiatrique, pour s’orienter davantage vers une pratique purement médicale en dépit du fait que les représentations culturelles et religieuses sont toujours prégnantes.
« Sales gauchers ! » : la stigmatisation humoristique des gauchers dans les arts martiaux historiques européens
Authors: Jennings George 
Published: October 2022

Les gauchers, qui représentent 10 à 13 % de l’humanité, sont surreprésentés dans les sports de combat. Pourtant, au cours des siècles, le fait d’être gaucher a été associé à la malchance, à la maladresse, à la sorcellerie et à la diablerie. Les styles d’escrime historiques et les manuscrits qui les expliquent ont été élaborés à l’intention de droitiers qui combattaient des adversaires eux aussi droitiers. Les versions réinventées de ces arts martiaux historiques européens ( HEMA , AMHE), qui prospèrent aujourd’hui partout dans le monde, forment une sous-culture à part et spécifique. Cet article s’inspire d’une ethnographie en cours de la Blade Academy (pseudonyme) au Royaume-Uni, sur la base de mon propre apprentissage et de mes observations comme gaucher. Inspiré par le métacadre des corps linguistiques (Di Paolo et al ., 2019), j’examine comment les techniques destinées à l’origine aux droitiers sont adaptées aux gauchers. Fondée sur l’idée de stigmate de Goffman (1963) et celle de « violation bénigne » ou benign violation (McGraw & Warren, 2010), mon analyse décrit les approches humoristiques de la stigmatisation dans un monde de droitiers. Les blagues sur ces « sales gauchers » (par opposition aux « droitiers et aux justes ») évoquent des siècles de stigmatisation depuis l’époque romaine, alors que la sinistra (« sinistre », au sens littéral) constitue désormais un sujet de plaisanterie. J’entends montrer que l’inclusion de groupes précédemment exclus (comme celui constitué par les gauchers) est bien accueillie, même si l’humour qui l’accompagne révèle un fonds historique de discrimination.
The lytic skeletal lesions: A rare presentation of carcinoma prostate on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Pande Shantanu , Mhatre Nihit , Dhal Ipsita 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We describe the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/contrast enhanced computed tomography (FDG PET/CECT) images of a 63-year-old male who complained of back pain and was suspected of multiple myeloma based on magnetic resonance imaging. PET/CECT suggested the FDG avid lesion involving prostate, accompanied by multiple lytic skeletal lesions with no evidence to suggest other possible primary site. A bone marrow biopsy suggested a metastatic adenocarcinoma of primary prostatic origin. Post anti-androgen therapy follow-up FDG PET/CT revealed reductions in the metabolic activities and soft tissue components of most of the metastatic skeletal lesions. These images highlight the possible indication of FDG PET/CT in evaluation of prostatic malignancy in era of 68Ga-PSMA.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of colon and duodenum: Metachronous, metastatic or local recurrence? An unusual presentation
Authors: Osama Md A. , Dhawan Shashi , Khetan Mukund , Rawat Kishan S. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a tumefactive proliferation of spindled myofibroblastic cells admixed with inflammatory infiltrate. This tumor has a predilection for the involvement of visceral soft tissues and has a tendency for local recurrence. Occurrence of metastatic or metachronous IMTs is a rare presentation. We report a rare case of a 50-year-old man with metastatic IMTs in the colon and duodenum.
A Comparison of Two Techniques of Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation: Landmark-Guided Technique versus Ultrasound-Guided Technique
Authors: Davis Josemine , Dwivedi Deepak , Sawhney Sadhan , Rai Amit , Dua Amit , Singh Satyen Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Background:
This study was designed to compare the overall success rates and complications of two techniques of internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization, namely the landmark (LM)-based technique and ultrasound (US)-guided technique in a heterogeneous Indian population at an Armed Forces Tertiary Care Hospital.

Methods:
Ninety consenting patients were assigned to two groups: LM and US groups. Patients with known coagulation abnormalities, body mass index > 30, infection at the insertion site, known vascular abnormalities, burn contractures, and other dermatologic conditions that precluded an LM technique were excluded. Central venous catheterizations during the code blue scenarios were excluded due to the emergent nature of the procedure. Three operators from the author group with requisite experience in LM and US techniques performed the 90 catheterizations. In LM group, a finder needle with a 2 ml syringe was used to aspirate venous blood from the IJV. A 16G needle was guided in the same direction as the finder needle till venous blood was aspirated, followed by guidewire insertion and cannulation. In the US group, a 6–12 MHz linear US probe was used to identify the IJV in real time and a 16G needle was used to access the IJV under US guidance in the cross-sectional view.

Results:
The overall success rate was 84.4% in LM group and 100% in US group (P = 0.0059). The first attempt success rate was similar in both groups (71.1% and 86.6%, P = 0.07). The overall complication rates in LM group were 20%, whereas complications in the US group were 2.2% (P = 0.0073). Notably, vascular complications occurred less frequently in US group with fewer arterial punctures and hematomas. Hemothorax and pneumothorax did not occur in any group. The mean cannulation time decreased by 69 s, i.e., from 276 s in the LM group to 207 s in the US group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
US-guided central venous catheter insertion to IJV improves the overall success rate and reduces cannulation time as compared to conventional LM-based technique.
Relevance of Mesenteric Lymphadenopathy in Children Detected on Sonography
Authors: Lahel Ranjit Singh , Chail Amit 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
Mesenteric lymphadenitis reflects the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) response to an underlying infection of uncertain etiology, usually viral. In children, enlarged MLNs are common findings detected during abdominal ultrasound, whether done for nonspecific pain abdomen or for unrelated clinical presentations. This study was conducted to determine the significance of mesenteric lymphadenopathy in asymptomatic children as compared to those with symptoms of acute abdominal pain or chronic abdominal pain (CAP).

Methodology:
A prospective hospital-based study was conducted among 72 children aged between 2 and 15 years. These children were referred from the outpatient/pediatric ward department for 1 year, for evaluation by abdominal ultrasonography. Children were grouped into three categories based on their clinical presentations as asymptomatic (controls), those with CAP, and those with acute abdomen. The sonographic findings were tabulated against each, with accounting of parameters such as size, number of enlarged nodes, and site of nodes. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to analyze ordinal variables between groups. About 95% confidence interval was selected with a P = 0.05 taken as statistically significant.

Results:
Significant enlarged MLNs were comparable in prevalence in all groups. The incidence of significant mesenteric lymphadenopathy in the CAP group was even less than in the control group. The Chi-square statistic was 2.5612. The P = 0.633718. The result is not statistically significant at P < 0.05. This indicates that MLNs on ultrasonography have no significant association with the clinical presentation in children.

Conclusion:
Our study indicates that reporting of enlarged mesenteric nodes on transabdominal sonography in children is not statistically significant with the clinical symptomatology.
Women’s Everyday Lives in War and Peace in the South Caucasus, edited by Ulrike Ziemer. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. X, 281 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25517-6_8
Authors: Jilavyan Svetlana 
Published: October 2022

This edited volume provides a comparative analysis of the everyday problems of women in the South Caucasus. The authors of this collection pay special attention to the geopolitical analysis in the region in the context of social changes and civilizational challenges of women. The authors discuss the everyday problems of women during periods of transformation of political systems, regimes and conflicts, thereby explaining the various dimensions of these transits of power and institutions of public authority.
The role of women in the South Caucasus is steadily growing even in conditions of instability, neither war nor peace. Women are actively employed in almost all spheres of life: in the economy, politics, culture, public life. However, in the South Caucasus, although the idea of protecting women's rights and gender equality has been enshrined at the constitutional level, the problem of how the actual status of women in society complies with constitutional provisions still persists.
The democratization of the life of the South Caucasian society, the expansion of the information space and the variety of types of communications led to the involvement of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia in global processes, in particular, in the implementation of the modernist project to protect the rights and freedoms of women.
Alimentación y nutrición en niños y jóvenes de educación básica media
Authors: Cevallos Pérez María José , Alarcón Veliz Bryan Javier , Zavala Panchana Evelyn Jamileth , Moreira Zavala Jair Alexander , Herrera Velázquez María del Rosario 
Published: October 2022

Introducción: La alimentación y la nutrición en niños y jóvenes debe ser adecuada empleando una buena conducta y hábitos alimenticios, porque si no se realiza de una forma adecuada pueden llegar a tener una malnutrición lo cual puede llevarlo a tener una desnutrición severa, obesidad tipo I, II o desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: Identificar las conductas y hábitos de los jóvenes de educación básica media para promover un estilo de vida saludable. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional analítico, en el cual se valoró el estado nutricional y alimentación que tienen los jóvenes de la Unidad Educativa Jipijapa teniendo como población de estudio a 128 estudiantes entre 11 a 14 años de edad, para conocer el tipo de alimentos que más consumen en sus casas. Aplicando encuestas enviadas a sus correos institucionales de cada uno de los estudiantes objeto de estudio con preguntas relacionadas con su alimentación diaria. Resultados: Se obtuvo que los estudiantes de educación básica media en su mayoría consumen frutas, cereales, verduras, legumbres, carnes rojas y blancas, dando como resultados que el 63% de los jóvenes encuestados tiene un peso adecuado para su edad, y el 17% de ellos tienen bajo peso y sobrepeso. Conclusión: Los estudiantes objeto de estudio llevan una buena alimentación pese al desconocimiento de la pirámide alimenticia consumen alimentos indispensable para crecer sanos y fuertes para así prevenir múltiples enfermedades que se puede desarrollar si no tiene una buena alimentación en casa.
TUNING THE STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND PHOTOVOLTAIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FABRICATED N-TIO\(_2\)/P-CUO AND N-TIO\(_2\)/P-CU\(_2\)O SOLAR CELLS BY CHANGING THE BACK CONTACT ELECTRODES
Authors: Dabban M. A. , Ammar Qasem  
Published: October 2022

The current work focuses on working a comparison between two solar cells made with the combination, n-TiO2/p-CuO, and n-TiO2/p-Cu2O devices. The structural, optical, and photovoltaic characteristics were detailed. In the optical section, the optical measurements for the TiO2 (120 nm), CuO (200 nm), and Cu2O (200 nm) thin films were illustrated, and then the energy of optical transition was calculated based on the Tauc formula for each layer. The direct optical gap energies of TiO2, CuO, and Cu2O thin films are 3.24, 1.77, and 2.18 eV, respectively. The front contact electrode in both systems is an ITO- coated glass layer, while the back contact electrodes are Pt, Ni, Au, Co, Ag, Cu, Al, and Mo. The effect of various metals as back contact electrodes on the photovoltaic characteristics of fabricated devices was investigated. The optical and structural characteristics showed the superiority of the fabricated device n-TiO2/p-CuO over the fabricated device n-TiO2/p-Cu2O.