bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human health risk assessment of pesticides used for rice cultivation in an agricultural pockets of Eastern India
Authors: Bhoi Rosismita , Mahananda Malaya Ranjan , Pradhan Abanti 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFood consumption is one of the principal reasons of human exposures to pesticides. The research analyses the relation between pesticide contaminations and their possible adverse health impacts. Rice grain and soil samples were collected from seven blocks of Bargarh district, Odisha. Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was used for the analysis and characterization of various pesticides present in rice grain as well as in soil samples. The identified pesticide residues in rice grain samples were found to be in the sequence of ∑DDT > chlorpyrifos > chlorothalonil > vinclozolin > chlorthal‐dimethyl > endosulfan‐1 > lindane. Detected pesticide concentrations were found to exceed the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) set by the Codex Alimentarius International Food Standards with DDT having the highest concentration of 29.27 mg/kg (which is 292 times the MRLs) and lindane with the least concentration of 4.35 mg/kg (which is 435 times the MRLs). Estimated average daily intake (EADI) was found to be higher for DDT and lower for lindane. The Health Risk Index (HRI) for DDT was higher and lower for chlorothalonil in all the samples. Results of one‐way ANOVA reflected no significant differences in variance between the concentrations of pesticides in rice grain samples. Result showed that the residual levels of ∑DDT in soil ranged between 7.8 and 29.3 mg/kg which was the maximum concentration among all the pesticides. Lindane and chlorthal‐dimethyl showed the least concentration ranging between 1.2–4.2 and 1.6–4.1 mg/kg, respectively. DDT had the highest bioconcentration factor (BCF) ranging between 1 and 4. Lindane and endosulfan‐1 had the lowest BCF ranging between 1 and 2. BCF value of other pesticides were found between the range of 1 and 4. Bioconcentration factors of pesticides in rice and soil samples indicated that pesticides in soil could get accumulated in rice. It was observed that the health risk associated with the consumption of rice could be because of its contamination by the pesticides in the study area or of the biomagnification of pesticides from the soil. It is necessary to spreading the awareness regarding safer use, storage and disposal of pesticides should be given utmost importance at the moment as an attempt to reduce or eliminate the environmental contaminations caused by them. National authorities should enforce proper rules and regulations in order to monitor and control the vigorous use of chemical loaded pesticides in agriculture and various other fields. It would be even better to substitute the chemical pesticides with the organic component‐based Bio‐pesticides as a safer option for the mankind and its environment.
Transition of the Energy Industry to (Net)-Zero Emissions
Authors: Teske Sven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe status quo in the global oil, gas, and coal industries in terms of their economic value, geographic distribution, and company structures is given. The current fossil fuel production volumes and decline rates required under 1.5 °C-compatible pathways for coal, oil, and natural gas are discussed. The assumptions made when calculating scope 1 and 2 emissions and current and future energy intensities are defined. The role of power and gas utilities under the OECM 1.5 °C scenario is discussed, together with the projected trajectories for renewable power- and heat-generating plants and those for hydrogen and synthetic fuel. Future structures of the global primary and secondary energy industries are suggested.
Climate Sensitivity Analysis: All Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols
Authors: Teske Sven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis section provides an overview of all greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols, the sources, their contributions to overall emissions, and their likely cumulative effects on global temperature increases. The non-energy GHG modelling in this chapter is an update of the probabilistic assessment of the global mean temperature published in the first part of Achieving the Paris Climate Agreements, Chap. 12 (Meinshausen 2019). The 1.5 °C energy and non-energy pathways were assessed by Climate Resource—specialists in assessing the warming implications of emissions scenarios. The analysis focuses on the derivation of the trajectories of non-CO2 emissions that match the trajectories of energy and industrial CO2 emissions and evaluates the multi-gas pathways against various temperature thresholds and carbon budgets until 2100. (120).Section 7.2 is based on the following: ‘Documentation of ‘UTS scenarios – Probabilistic assessment of global-mean temperatures’ by Climate Resource Malte Meinshausen, Zebedee Nicholls, October 2021.
Nature-Based Carbon Sinks: Carbon Conservation and Protection Zones
Authors: Nagrath Kriti , Dooley Kate , Teske Sven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBasic information on ecosystem-based approaches to climate mitigation is provided, and their inclusion in international climate and nature conservation treaties is discussed. Key concepts around net-zero emissions and carbon removal are examined, as are the roles they play in the One Earth Climate Model, which develops a 1.5 °C-compatible scenario by combining ecosystem restoration with deep decarbonization pathways. The carbon removal potentials of the five ecosystem restoration pathways—forests and agricultural lands, forest restoration, reforestation, reduced harvest, agroforestry, and silvopasture—are provided. Land-use management options, including the creation of ‘carbon conservation zones’ (CCZ), are discussed.
Decarbonisation Pathways for Industries
Authors: Teske Sven , Niklas Sarah , Talwar Simran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe decarbonisation pathways for the industry sectors are derived. The energy-intensive chemical industry, the steel and aluminium industries, and the cement industry are briefly outlined. The assumptions for future market development used for the scenario calculations are documented, and the assumed development of the energy intensities for product manufacture is presented. An overview of the calculated energy consumption and the resulting CO2 intensities is given, with the assumed generation mix. The textile and leather industry is also included in this chapter because of its strong ties to the chemical industry and meat production (part of the service sector).
Increasing Awareness: Good Practices to Promote Skills Recognition Among Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Singh Madhu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter gives readers an understanding of the need for establishing recognition, validation and accreditation (RVA) mechanisms in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), as well as the ways in which MSMEs support and promote RVA. It is based on research results from 191 MSMEs across four industries—automotive, PVC manufacturing, catering and waste management—in seven countries and one territory. Ninety-eight enterprises were studied in the formal sector, and ninety-three in the informal sector. The key issues investigated through the empirical study were: the need and potential for recognising formal, non-formal and informal learning in enterprises; the mechanisms and processes used to recognise skills; challenges, gaps and concerns regarding recognition in enterprises; ways for promoting and supporting recognition; the inclusion of green skills in RVA mechanisms; the perspectives of enterprises on making RVA a part of staff training and the anticipated benefits of green skills through RVA.
Case Study: Bangladesh. The Demand Side of Environmental Sustainability Through Skills Recognition
Authors: Haolader Faruque A. , Khan Shahadat H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis country case study examines current practices and issues of skills recognition aiming to improve environmental and occupational health and safety for sustainable development in Bangladesh. More specifically, data was collected to examine environmentally friendly practices in enterprises in three service sectors: automotive, waste management, and catering, with a focus on employer and employee perspectives as an important component of the demand side of environmental sustainability. It also examines how employers and workers “recognise” green skills. Recognition here does not mean only “assessment” through testing or certification in a technical way, but also “social recognition”, implying the benefits that employers and workers see in the promotion of green skills in terms of employability and decent work, lifelong learning, and personal development. Finally, the study seeks to clarify a set of enabling factors contributing to green skills and green practices in enterprises as well as the potential for their inclusion in recognition mechanisms. This study argues that an examination of real workplace roles should be the starting point for linking recognition of green skills to green skill standards. The study concludes that learning outcomes and competences within the qualifications framework do not relate to the realities of green skills and green practices in enterprises.
Case Study: People’s Republic of China. Utilising Workers’ Skills for Improving Green Competitiveness to Address the Challenges of Greening of Industries
Authors: Gangqiang Zheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents the results of a study that examined environmentally friendly practices at the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Although nearly 80% of the People’s Republic of China’s employment is found in MSMEs (Yi, 2018), very often MSMEs are characterised as entities that waste resources and do not use environmentally friendly production processes. For this reason, advocating an environment-friendly upgrade, or green development, of industries and enterprises is of great importance. Another area of exploration for the reported study is the use of recognition, validation and accreditation (RVA) mechanism by MSMEs. RVAs of competencies and work experience in all learning settings—formal, non-formal and informal—are not a well-known concept in PRC. However, its importance in educational reforms has grown, especially in the field of adult and vocational education. PRC generally uses recognition practices to motivate adult learners to continue learning by factoring in their previous education, thus reducing the costs incurred by learners. Thus, this study examined the extent to which enterprises involved in the study know, or use, RVA and what RVA requirements they have for job applicants. Application of RVA at the enterprise level is important, as the lack of systematic use of RVA means that workers’ talents are not made sufficiently visible or optimally used for improving production and promoting ‘green competitiveness’. To develop a systematic understanding of the above two areas, this chapter reports on a PRC case study that follows the overall methodology for the study by analysing issues at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels. This chapter recommends a combination of policies, rules and regulations, as well as a design of an RVA model that can closely match the needs of enterprises to facilitate their development of green competitiveness.
Case Study: Kazakhstan. Educational Challenges in Transitioning to a Green Economy
Authors: Zhilbaev Zhanbol O. , Syrymbetova Lyailya S. , Dlimbetova Gaini K. , Aliyeva Aiman Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the potential for including ‘green skills’ in the processes of recognition of learning outcomes from all learning settings—formal, non-formal and informal learning. The chapter opens with a discussion on Kazakhstan’s stated objectives to realise a green economy and society and in this context challenges faced by the industry are highlighted. The chapter then examines the need for recognition of green skills as well as policy and legislation in relation to green economy and environmental protection and proceeds to clarify concepts of competence-based learning and ecological competences. The authors consider issues and challenges of green skills inclusion in the recognition of formal, non-formal and informal learning results in relation to the development of the National qualifications system, which in Kazakhstan includes four main elements: the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), Sector Qualifications Framework (SQF), Occupational Standards (OS) and a system of professional qualifications evaluation (or system of independent certification). The chapter argues that within formal education the emphasis is on developing environmental knowledge but not on its application, therefore this might have a direct implication on a lack of green practices in the industry and on the interpretation of green skills. The results of the study among 12 enterprises on the use of eco-friendly practices and recognition of green skills in the context of qualification requirements in the workplace in catering, automotive and waste management sectors are reported in the chapter. Finally, the chapter presents conclusions and recommendations on the inclusion of green skills into the system of prior learning recognition.
Vermittlung digitaler Kompetenzen in der Pflegeausbildung – eine Vergleichsanalyse der Rahmenpläne von Bund und Ländern
Authors: Hofstetter Sebastian , Lehmann Lisa , Zilezinski Max , Steindorff Jenny-Victoria , Jahn Patrick , Paulicke Denny 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel
Die digitale Transformation der Gesundheitsversorgung erfordert auch in den Pflegeberufen veränderte Kompetenzen. Die Reform der Pflegeausbildung eröffnet die Chance, die dafür notwendigen Inhalte in der Berufsausbildung zu verankern. Die „Rahmenpläne der Fachkommission nach § 53 Pflegeberufegesetz“ bilden für die Bundesländer die Grundlage zur Erstellung eigener Rahmenlehr- und Ausbildungspläne. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, in welchem Umfang und in welcher Form die Rahmenpläne Digitalisierung aufgreifen.

Material und Methoden
Die Rahmenpläne wurden zwischen August und Oktober 2021 einer explikativ-qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen. Dabei wurde zunächst die Häufigkeit von zuvor definierten Schlagwörtern festgestellt. Im Anschluss erfolgte eine systematische Kontextanalyse.

Ergebnisse
Lediglich 6 Bundesländer hatten einen eigenen Rahmenplan erstellt, die anderen verwendeten den Bundesrahmenplan, der nur in geringem Umfang auf den Kompetenzerwerb im Bereich Digitalisierung eingeht. In den eigenen Rahmenplänen der Bundesländer wurde Digitalisierung in unterschiedlichem Maß thematisiert, jedoch insgesamt nur punktuell. Handlungsempfehlungen für praktische Übungsformate wurden kaum gegeben.

Diskussion
Der Erwerb von Kompetenzen im Bereich Digitalisierung bildet das Fundament für das spätere Berufsleben und ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der digitalen Transformation. Im Rahmen der Modifizierungsmöglichkeit der Pflegeausbildung bis zum Jahr 2024 sollte das Thema noch stärker fokussiert werden. Auch direkt an den Fach- und Berufsschulen sowie Hochschulen kann nachgebessert werden, da die Rahmenpläne teilweise lediglich einen empfehlenden Charakter haben.
Non-timely clinically applicable ADC ratio in prostate mpMRI: a comparison with fusion biopsy results
Authors: Falaschi Zeno , Tricca Stefano , Attanasio Silvia , Billia Michele , Airoldi Chiara , Percivale Ilaria , Bor Simone , Perri Davide , Volpe Alessandro , Carriero Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ADC ratio and to evaluate its efficacy in reducing the number of false positives in prostatic mpMRI.

Materials and methods
All patients who underwent an mpMRI and a targeted fusion biopsy in our institution from 2016 to 2021 were retrospectively selected. Two experienced readers (R1 and R2) independently evaluated the images, blindly to biopsy results. The radiologists assessed the ADC ratios by tracing a circular 10 mm2 ROI on the biopsied lesion and on the apparently benign contralateral parenchyma. Prostate cancers were divided into non-clinically significant (nsPC, Gleason score = 6) and clinically significant (sPC, Gleason score ≥ 7). ROC analyses were performed.

Results
167 patients and188 lesions were included. Concordance was 0.62 according to Cohen’s K. ADC ratio showed an AUC for PCAs of 0.78 in R1 and 0.8 in R2. The AUC for sPC was 0.85 in R1 and 0.84 in R2. The 100% sensitivity cut-off for sPCs was 0.65 (specificity 25.6%) in R1 and 0.66 (specificity 27.4%) in R2. Forty-three benign or not clinically significant lesions were above the 0.65 threshold in R1; 46 were above the 0.66 cut-off in R2. This would have allowed to avoid an equal number of unnecessary biopsies at the cost of 2 nsPCs in R1 and one nsPC in R2.

Conclusion
In our sample, the ADC ratio was a useful and accurate tool that could potentially reduce the number of false positives in mpMRI.

Graphical abstract
Questionable value of [99mTc]-sestamibi scintigraphy in patients with pHPT and negative ultrasound
Authors: Lenschow Christina , Wennmann Andreas , Hendricks Anne , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Fassnacht Martin , Buck Andreas , Werner Rudolf A. , Plassmeier Lars , Schlegel Nicolas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
A successful focused surgical approach in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) relies on accurate preoperative localization of the parathyroid adenoma (PA). Most often, ultrasound is followed by [99mTc]-sestamibi scintigraphy, but the value of this approach is disputed. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic approach in patients with surgically treated pHPT in our center with the aim to further refine preoperative diagnostic procedures.

Methods
A single-center retrospective analysis of patients with pHPT from 01/2005 to 08/2021 was carried out followed by evaluation of the preoperative imaging modalities to localize PA. The localization of the PA had to be confirmed intraoperatively by the fresh frozen section and significant dropping of the intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.

Results
From 658 patients diagnosed with pHPT, 30 patients were excluded from the analysis because of surgery for recurrent or persistent disease. Median age of patients was 58.0 (13–93) years and 71% were female. Neck ultrasound was carried out in 91.7% and localized a PA in 76.6%. In 23.4% (135/576) of the patients, preoperative neck ultrasound did not detect a PA. In this group, [99mTc]-sestamibi correctly identified PA in only 25.4% of patients. In contrast, in the same cohort, the use of [11C]-methionine or [11C]-choline PET resulted in the correct identification of PA in 79.4% of patients (OR 13.23; 95% CI 5.24–33.56).

Conclusion
[11C]-Methionine or [11C]-choline PET/CT are superior second-line imaging methods to select patients for a focused surgical approach when previous ultrasound failed to identify PA.
A variational approach to Gibbs artifacts removal in MRI
Authors: Landi Germana , Zama Fabiana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGibbs ringing is a feature of MR images caused by the finite sampling of the acquisition space (k-space). It manifests itself with ringing patterns around sharp edges which become increasingly significant for low-resolution acquisitions. In this paper, we model the Gibbs artefact removal as a constrained variational problem where the data discrepancy, represented in denoising and convolutive form, is balanced to sparsity-promoting regularization functions such as Total Variation, Total Generalized Variation and $$L_1$$

L
1

norm of the Wavelet transform. The efficacy of such models is evaluated by running a set of numerical experiments both on synthetic data and real acquisitions of brain images. The Total Generalized Variation penalty coupled with the convolutive data discrepancy term yields, in general, the best results both on synthetic and real data.
Ethik und Tragödie im Lichte der neuesten Parallelität von ‚Hypermoral‘ und Verrohung
Authors: Rehberg Karl-Siegbert 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von der ethischen Dimension in allen Variationen der Philosophischen Anthropologie wird angesichts der erneuten Aktualität des Begriffs „Hypermoral“ Arnold Gehlens letzte Monographie „Moral und Hypermoral“ (1969) im Hinblick auf das Phänomen einer „Überdehnung ethischer Prinzipien“ dargestellt. Das Buch enthält zwei einander opponierende Diskurse, nämlich einmal die Rekonstruktion von vier voneinander nicht ableitbaren Ethosformen, die in Spannung zu einander stehen. Damit widersprach er der Ansicht, dass es eine mehr oder weniger lineare Ausweitung ethischer Motive von der Familie bis in Weltmaßstäbe hinein existiere. Stattdessen werden Konfliktkonstellationen im Rahmen einer „pluralistischen Ethik“ behandelt, etwa zwischen dem „familienbezogenen ethischen Verhalten bis hin zum Humanitarismus“ oder einer zunehmend dominant werdenden „Ethik des Wohlbefindens und des Glücks (Eudaimonismus)“ im Gegensatz zum „Ethos der Institutionen einschließlich des Staates“. Diese einleuchtende These wird im zweiten Teil dieser Studie überlagert durch eine scharfe Kritik an einer zunehmenden Schwächung des Staates durch die Ansprüche eines Humanitarismus in Verbindung mit der Ausbreitung einer „Moralhypertrophie“. Das richtete sich besonders gegen die „68er“-Studentenbewegung und die Demokratisierungsansprüche der Willy-Brandt-Regierung, behandelte aber zugleich grundlegendere Formen einer Schwächung der Institutionen überhaupt. Aus Gehlens Perspektive hatte das katastrophische Auswirkungen für die Gesellschaft und bedeutete insofern für ihn tatsächlich eine „Tragödie“ – und dies in einer Zeit, in welcher deren Pathos längst vergangen war. Wenigstens gibt es nicht mehr die schicksalhafte Unentrinnbarkeit wie in den griechischen Tragödien, deren bekannteste das Schicksal der Antigone darstellt. Unversöhnlich treffen in der Figur des Kreon, des Königs von Theben, die Verpflichtungen des Staates auf die familiendynastischen Pflichten dieser unglücklichen Tochter des Königs Ödipus. Ausgehend davon wird sodann die heutige Gleichzeitigkeit von moralischer Sensibilisierung und hypermoralistischer Hysterie diskutiert.
How culture influences consumer creativity: A dual perspective of multiculturalism and loose-tight culture
Authors: Huang Xiaozhi , Xiang Siyuan , Xi Xue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the context of globalization, consumers with multicultural experiences are increasingly involved in the process of value creation, yet there is a lack of understanding of how multiculturalism affects consumer creativity. Based on the dual perspectives of multiculturalism and loose-tight culture, this paper illustrates the mechanism of multicultural experience on consumer creativity and the moderating effect of loose-tight culture on this relationship. Two studies (a questionnaire study and an experimental study) were conducted to validate the theoretical model. The results revealed that multicultural experiences enhance consumer creativity, cognitive complexity mediates the relationship between the two, and loose-tight culture moderates the relationship between multicultural experiences and consumer creativity. The loose culture scenario has a positive enhancement effect, the tight culture scenario has a negative weakening effect, and the interaction between multicultural experiences and loose-tight culture affects consumer creativity through cognitive complexity. The results of this study provide a new perspective on the relationship between culture and consumer creativity, expanding the study of culture and consumer creativity from the cultural value dimension to the social norm dimension, enriching the research on creativity as a cognitive process at the consumer level, and providing guidance and reference for companies to better stimulate and utilize consumer creativity.