bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“No justice in birth”: Maternal vanishing, VBAC, and reconstitutive practice in Central Florida
Authors: Reyes‐Foster Beatriz M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMedical experiences offer valuable insight into how medical power can operate to subjugate bodies and subvert wills, revealing the patriarchal nature of institutional medical practice. Such revelations can inform anthropological understandings of power, resistance, and refusal at the intersection of gender and large bureaucratic structures, such as the medical industrial complex. This article explores the subversion of maternal will in the context of cesarean birth and practices around vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) as a form of resistance and refusal of biomedical power. Cesarean sections are the most common major surgical procedure in the United States, with one in every three births delivered surgically. For many birthing people, cesarean delivery was neither desired nor expected. Through the birth story narratives of 25 predominantly white women who pursued VBAC, this article proposes the concept of maternal vanishing to describe the process by which birthing people are disempowered during birth. I argue that women who pursued VBAC were engaged in an attempt to reconstitute themselves in subsequent births through a series of tactics that, in some ways, replicate hegemonic notions of neoliberal subjectivity and medical consumerism at the same they resist and refuse them.
The efficacy of PDE5 inhibitors in diabetic patients
Authors: Swiecicka Agnieszka 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), since their introduction in the late 1990s, have proven their efficacy in treating several conditions, predominantly pulmonary hypertension and erectile dysfunction where they remain the first‐line therapeutic option. However, in the recent years, growing evidence from both animal and human studies has emerged to suggest the additional benefits of PDE5i in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This is of specific interest to the diabetes population where prevalent cardiovascular disease and metabolic dysregulation significantly contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality.ObjectivesTo examine the available data on the non‐standard, pleiotropic effects of PDE5i in patients with diabetes mellitus.Materials and methodsThe review of the published background research, preclinical studies and clinical trials.ResultsIn human studies, PDE5 inhibition appeared to be associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and overall improved clinical outcomes in those with established cardiovascular disease. PDE5i were also consistently found to reduce albuminuria in subjects with diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, animal data suggest a plausible effect of this group of medication on sensory function and neuropathic symptoms in diabetic neuropathy as well as improved wound healing. A decrease in insulin resistance and augmentation of beta cell function seen in preclinical studies has not been consistently demonstrated in human trials.Discussion and conclusionIn animal models, PDE5 inhibition appears to decrease oxidative stress and reduce some of the micro‐ and macrovascular complications associated with diabetes. However, data from human trials are limited and largely inconsistent, highlighting the need for adequately powered, randomised‐controlled trials in diabetic cohorts in order to fully assess the benefits of PDE5i in this group of patients.
Analysis of age at detection and outcomes of dense unilateral congenital cataract surgery for children on the paediatric cataract register
Authors: Wackerberg David , Nyström Alf , Haargaard Birgitte , Rosensvärd Annika , Tornqvist Kristina , Borg Lovisa , Kugelberg Maria , Gyllén Jenny , Magnusson Gunilla 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimAnalysis of age at time of detection and surgery of dense unilateral cataract and investigation of best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in a nationwide register‐based cohort study, based on the routine of maternity ward eye screening.MethodsData were derived from the Paediatric Cataract Register (PECARE). All children (n = 54) diagnosed with dense congenital unilateral cataract between January 2007 and September 2014 who had surgery before 1 year of age, and for whom 5‐year follow‐up records were available, were included.ResultsThe majority, 35/54 (65%), were detected and operated on before age 6 weeks and 30/35 (86%) were referred from maternity wards. Visual acuity (VA) ≥ 0.5 (decimal, 0.3 logMAR) was found in 7/53 (13%) of the cohort at age 5 years; further, 19 children achieved VA ≥ 0.1 (decimal, 1.0 logMAR) (36%) and 19 children VA < 0.05 (decimal, 1.30 logMAR) (36%). Ten‐year follow‐up records were available for 17/53 (32%) children; 1/17 (6%) achieved VA ≥ 0.5 (decimal, 0.3 logMAR), 4/17 (24%) VA ≥ 0.3–<0.5 (decimal, 0.52–0.30 logMAR), 3/17 (18%) VA ≥ 0.05–0.1 (decimal, 1.30–1.0 logMAR) and 10/17 (59%) VA < 0.05 (decimal, 1.30 logMAR).ConclusionA total of 90% of the children were detected with cataract within 100 days of birth and 80% were operated on within this period. This study showed better visual acuity in those treated for dense unilateral cataracts than previously reported in an earlier Swedish cohort study.
Social identity processes predicting post‐election 2020 ideological extremism
Authors: Le An , Brown Joshua , Hohman Zachary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe 2020 National Election seemed to play a role in the rise of political extremism in the United States. The present study investigates whether the interaction between changes in political identification and support for political leaders (Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden) from pre‐ to post‐election was associated with ideological extremism among Republicans and Democrats. We collected responses using Amazon Mechanical Turk from U.S. residents (N = 241) before and after the 2020 U.S. National Election. Analyses showed a significant interaction predicting post‐election ideological extremism between increased political identification and leader support for Republicans: B = .22, SE = .10, F(1, 232) = 12.27, p = .001. We did not find a significant interaction effect between increased political identification and leader support for Democrats: B = .01, F(1, 232) = .03, p = .862. According to simple slope tests, among Republicans with increased support for their leader in the election Donald Trump, political identification and post‐election ideological extremism were positively associated. Among Republicans with less support for Donald Trump and Democrats at any level of change in support for Joe Biden, the association between political identification and post‐election ideological extremism was nonsignificant.
Is punishment backward? On neurointerventions and forward‐looking moral responsibility
Authors: Zawadzki Przemysław 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on justified responses to “immoral” behavior and crimes committed by patients undergoing neuromodulation therapies. Such patients could be held morally responsible in the basic desert sense—the one that serves as a justification of severe practices such as backward‐looking moral outrage, condemnation, and legal punishment—as long as they possess certain compatibilist capabilities that have traditionally served as the quintessence of free will, that is, reasons‐responsiveness; attributability; answerability; the abilities to act in accordance with moral reasons, second‐order volitions, or Deep Self. Recently leading compatibilist neuroethicists added the condition of not feeling alienated from desires motivating a person's action. This article argues against such attempts to determine conditions under which patients undergoing neuromodulation should be subject to negative reactive attitudes and legal punishment. Compatibilism should not be used to justify basic desert moral responsibility and legal punishment. Instead, a new way of thinking about the function of moral responsibility attribution is proposed for patients with neuromodulation. Their compatibilist capabilities should serve as important indicators for determining appropriate, forward‐looking courses of action, such as quarantining and restorative treatment, to ensure the public safety and well‐being of the patients.
Individual uniqueness in trust profiles and well‐being: Understanding the role of cultural tightness–looseness from a representation similarity perspective
Authors: Luo Siyang , Li Liman Man Wai , Espina Ervina , Bond Michael Harris , Lun Vivian Miu‐Chi , Huang Liqin , Duan Qin , Liu James H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a unique perspective for understanding cultural differences: representation similarity—a computational technique that uses pairwise comparisons of units to reveal their representation in higher‐order space. By combining individual‐level measures of trust across domains and well‐being from 13,823 participants across 15 nations with a measure of society‐level tightness–looseness, we found that any two countries with more similar tightness–looseness tendencies exhibit higher degrees of representation similarity in national interpersonal trust profiles. Although each individual's trust profile is generally similar to their nation's trust profile, the greater similarity between an individual's and their society's trust profile predicted a higher level of individual life satisfaction only in loose cultures but not in tight cultures. Using the framework of representation similarity to explore cross‐cultural differences from a multidimensional, multi‐national perspective provide a comprehensive picture of how culture is related to the human activities.
Empirical indistinguishability: From the knowledge structure to the skills
Authors: Spoto Andrea , Stefanutti Luca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent literature has pointed out that the basic local independence model (BLIM) when applied to some specific instances of knowledge structures presents identifiability issues. Furthermore, it has been shown that for such instances the model presents a stronger form of unidentifiability named empirical indistinguishability, which leads to the fact that the existence of certain knowledge states in such structures cannot be empirically tested. In this article the notion of indistinguishability is extended to skill maps and, more generally, to the competence‐based knowledge space theory. Theoretical results are provided showing that skill maps can be empirically indistinguishable from one another. The most relevant consequence of this is that for some skills there is no empirical evidence to establish their existence. This result is strictly related to the type of probabilistic model investigated, which is essentially the BLIM. Alternative models may exist or can be developed in knowledge space theory for which this indistinguishability problem disappears.
Analysis of bioactive compounds using LC–ESI–MS/MS, cytotoxic, antimicrobial effects, and enzyme activities from Cyclotrichium origanifolium
Authors: Aktepe Necmettin , Baran Ayşe , Atalar Mehmet Nuri , Baran Mehmet Fırat , Keskin Cumali , Taşkin Abdullah , Yavuz Ömer , Demirtaş İbrahim , Oğuz Ercan , Jahan Israt 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCyclotrichium origanifolium is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, phenolic content analysis, antimicrobial effects, and cytotoxic effects of extracts of C. origanifolium were investigated. In the extracts, phenolic compound analysis by the liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method, antimicrobial effect by the minimum inhibition concentration method, and cytotoxic effect on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), glioblastoma cell (U87), ovarian adenocarcinoma cell (Skov‐3), and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell (CaCo‐2) cancer cell lines were investigated. Cytotoxicity analyses were performed by the MTT method. In addition, the GST and AChE enzyme activities of the extracts were also measured. Around 18 compounds were detected in both the methanol and ethanol extract. It was found that the best antimicrobial effect on Gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa was on methanol extract, while the ethanol extract was on Candida albicans fungus (respectively, 2.50 mg/ml, 5.0 μg/ml). A 500 μg/ml of methanol extract has been shown to have cytotoxic activity high effect on HDF cells. GST and AChE activity were found to decrease in a concentration‐dependent manner.
Cardio‐metabolic pathophysiology in mild glucocorticoid excess: Potential implications for management of adrenal incidentaloma
Authors: Chen Angela X. , Burt Morton G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdrenal adenomas are incidentally identified in up to 5% of computer tomography scans performed for unrelated indications. A proportion of these adrenal incidentalomas are found to autonomously secrete cortisol based on definitions in current guidelines. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic exposure to mild glucocorticoid excess from adrenal incidentalomas is associated with significantly increased cardiometabolic risk. However, current management guidelines adopt a conservative approach as no large prospective randomized studies have demonstrated that these patients benefit from surgery. This narrative review examines the epidemiological and mechanistic studies related to three common clinical settings of mild glucocorticoid excess to gain further insight into the potential benefits of treating patients with adrenal incidentaloma and possible autonomous cortisol secretion.
Proteomic study on the lymphocytes from pregnant Wistar rat females treated with immunosuppressive regimen
Authors: Wojciuk Bartosz , Bogucka Aleksandra , Czaplewska Paulina , Okulewicz Patrycja , Wojciechowska‐Koszko Iwona , Ciechanowski Kazimierz , Kabat‐Koperska Joanna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKidney transplantation remains the therapeutic option for patients with end‐stage kidney disease. Current immunosuppressive regimens are efficient in combating acute kidney rejection. However, insights into chronic kidney allograft injury remains limited. Simultaneously, pregnancy is more common after kidney transplantation than during dialysis treatment. Due to ethical issues, comprehensive studies on the impact of immunosuppressive regimens on pregnancy are challenging. The study aimed to investigate the proteomic status of lymphocytes obtained from pregnant female rats under immunosuppressive treatment. The experiment involved a group of 10 female, pregnant Wistar rats, five of which were treated with tacrolimus, mofetil mycophenolate, and glucocorticosteroids; five were used as control. The lymphocytes were obtained and analyzed with mass spectrometry. Measurements were processed by a database search in the ProteinPilot software with a cutoff of 1% false discovery rate. The outcomes were verified statistically by a t‐test (p value < 0.05) regarding proteins up‐ and downregulation. A total of 2082 proteins were identified in all experiments. Eight hundred five proteins were quantified in an absolute manner in a data‐independent acquisition‐total protein approach analysis. Ninety‐five proteins were recognized as present at different concentrations in analyzed groups and were annotated to intracellular pathways. The proteins involved in nonsense‐mediated decay and L13a‐mediated translational silencing of ceruloplasmin expression were recognized as downregulated. The set of proteins clinically identified as acute phase proteins was upregulated. Despite the blockade of adaptive cellular immunity, the lymphocytes in the analyzed group reveal sustained proinflammatory status with decreased ability to regulate translation. This potentially affects pregnancy and immunity.
Mapping the impacts of multiple stressors on the decline in kelps along the coast of Victoria, Australia
Authors: Young Mary A. , Critchell Kay , Miller Adam D. , Treml Eric A. , Sams Michael , Carvalho Rafael , Ierodiaconou Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimKelp forests throughout temperate regions of the world serve as foundation species that play a critical role in sustaining the health and function of marine ecosystems but are experiencing declines in abundance due to a loss in resilience as the ocean climate changes. Ocean warming along southeast Australia has already been linked to dramatic losses of kelp species and is contributing to the range expansion and population increases of two species of sea urchin. This research attempts to understand the impact of multiple stressors on the decline in kelps in this region.LocationCoastal Waters of Victoria, Southeast Australia.MethodsIn this study, we use long‐term (>20 years) datasets on biological observations across Victorian waters to determine trends in coverage and the impact of multiple environmental variables (oceanography, habitat, and urchin abundances) on two important kelps that serve as foundation species (Phyllospora comosaandEcklonia radiata)using boosted regression trees. These models were then used to develop predictive distribution models for each species and also to project abundance distributions into the future.ResultsWe found that both kelp species are decreasing in percent coverage over time with multiple environmental variables contributing to these declines, including increasing temperatures, intensifying wave energy, changes in currents and recruitment patterns, and increases in urchin populations. Additionally, future projections of temperature, wave energy, and urchin populations show that both species will continue to decrease across 62%–94% of their range by 2090.Main conclusionsLong‐term biological datasets allowed us to develop maps of the past, current, and future distributions of these important foundation species, providing valuable information to managers for prioritization of areas for targeted urchin management and restoration of kelps. Understanding the environmental factors affecting their distribution helps guide manager restoration investments in regions where kelp populations are most likely to persist in the future.
Action experience in infancy predicts visual‐motor functional connectivity during action anticipation
Authors: Colomer Marc , Chung Haerin , Meyer Marlene , Debnath Ranjan , Morales Santiago , Fox Nathan A. , Woodward Amanda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite substantial evidence indicating a close link between action production and perception in early child development, less is known about how action experience shapes the processes of perceiving and anticipating others’ actions. Here, we developed a novel approach to capture functional connectivity specific to certain brain areas to investigate how action experience changes the networks involved in action perception and anticipation. Nine‐ and‐12‐month‐old infants observed familiar (grasping) and novel (tool‐use) actions while their brain activity was measured using EEG. Infants’ motor competence of both actions was assessed. A link between action experience and connectivity patterns was found, particularly during the anticipation period. During action anticipation, greater motor competence in grasping predicted greater functional connectivity between visual (occipital alpha) and motor (central alpha) regions relative to global levels of whole‐brain EEG connectivity. Furthermore, visual and motor regions tended to be more coordinated in response to familiar versus novel actions and for older than younger participants. Critically, these effects were not found in the control networks (frontal‐central; frontal‐occipital; parietal‐central; parietal‐occipital), suggesting a unique role of visual‐motor networks on the link between motor skills and action encoding.Highlights
Infants’ motor development predicted functional connectivity patterns during action anticipation.
Faster graspers, and older infants, showed a stronger ratio of visual‐motor neural coherence.
Overall whole‐brain connectivity was modulated by age and familiarity with the actions.
Measuring inter‐site relative to whole‐brain connectivity can capture specific brain‐behavior links.
Measures of phase‐based connectivity over time are sensitive to anticipatory action.
Virtual reality and haptics in dental education: Implementation progress and lessons learned after a decade
Authors: Serrano Carlos M. , Bakker Dirk R. , Zamani Masie , de Boer Ilse R. , Koopman Pepijn , Wesselink Paul R. , Berkhout Erwin , Vervoorn Johanna M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe search for alternative training environments in dentistry responded mainly to scarcity and lack of standardisation of training material and non‐availability of specific clinical procedures. The development of haptic virtual reality (VR) dental trainers provides a platform where irreversible procedures can be safely and unlimitedly practised. The aim of this study was to assess the educational implementation of these devices and evaluate schools' satisfaction.MethodsDental schools that were using haptic VR dental trainers, were approached. The Dental Trainer User Inventory (DTUI), addressing the educational implementation and users' satisfaction, was developed and distributed.ResultsTwenty‐seven schools completed the DTUI. The total number of VR dental trainers available varied from one to 42 devices with a mean of 7 devices. The dental trainer was mostly made available from the first year (63.0%) of the undergraduate program, but it was mostly integrated into the curriculum by the third year (70.4%). Curricular integration was reported by 18 schools (66.7%), while nine schools (33.3%) indicated that they had not yet achieved integration. Twenty‐one schools (69.4%) were ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with the devices, while two schools (7.4%) were dissatisfied and six schools (22.2%) were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.ConclusionVR haptic dental trainers are implemented in multiple dental programs and are also being used for educational research and clinical training. Even though curricular changes and teachers' acceptance remain a challenge, most schools are satisfied with VR haptic dental trainers and would recommend the device to other schools.
Behavioural video to navigate predoctoral dental students toward safer practice (revision of EJE‐21‐4739)
Authors: Alvear Fa Bernadette , Reid Laura , Radjaeipour Gitta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionLocal anaesthesia is considered essential knowledge within the dental profession as it helps to address pain management. Operator percutaneous needlestick injuries associated with the delivery of dental anaesthesia are common for dental healthcare providers. The study proposes a supplemental technique to reduce self‐inducing novice operator needlestick injury to complement existing pedagogies for the preclinical local anaesthesia curriculum. The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether a local anaesthesia behavioural video can navigate students to safer clinical practice. Further, a supplemental technique is proposed in whether assessing instrument retraction technique in clinical patient care leads to decreased self‐inducing intraoral needle stick injury for novice predoctoral dental operator.Materials and MethodsBeginning in 2011, predoctoral dental students were asked to view a “what not to do” video within a summative assessment and identify at least five behaviours that were unacceptable errors for delivering local anaesthesia. Operator intraoral needlestick injury was also tracked per the bloodborne exposure reports within predoctoral patient clinics.ResultsData from the learners' responses identified progression in recognising unacceptable errors from behavioural video. Intraoral needlestick injury, 8 and 9 years prior and after the introduction of video showed significance with a low correlation coefficient.ConclusionMore data need to be gathered and evaluated in other dental school settings to determine whether this supplemental educational video decreases needlestick injury in novice operators. Results suggest this behavioural video may guide novice operators to overall safer clinical practice.