bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operation behaviours of surgical forceps in continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis
Authors: Zheng Yu , Lin Chuang , Guang Chenhan , Han Shaofeng , Ma Ke , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundContinuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) is a delicate ophthalmic procedure which may benefit from robot technology. Measuring the behaviours (physiological tremor, operation force) of surgeons provides baseline data to develop assistive CCC robot.MethodsA forceps with fibre bragg grating and inertial sensors is used to measure the surgeons' behaviours while experts/novices perform CCC on ex‐vivo pig eyes, in‐vivo rabbit eyes and ex‐vivo human lens.ResultsIn pig/rabbit tests, the root‐mean‐square (RMS) tremor amplitude is 35.26/59.04 μm (expert/novice, transverse), 13.3/20.55 μm (axial). The RMS voluntary force (VF) and involuntary force (IF) are 8.97/17.16 mN, and 0.66/1.90 mN, respectively. In human lens test, the RMS tremor amplitude is 24.0 μm (transverse, expert only), 9.88 μm (axial). The RMS VF and RMS IF are 9.04 mN (expert only) and 0.17 mN, respectively.ConclusionsThe expert surgeons have better precision and less operation force.
Ultrasonication Assisted α‐Arylation of N‐heteroarenes Employing 1‐Aryltriazenes Promoted by Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Prabhala Pavankumar , Sutar Suraj M. , Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Jeong Yeon T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn efficient and facile methodology for the synthesis of α‐arylated N‐heteroarenes was developed under aerobic conditions by means of ultrasound assistance, as well as conventional heating via a direct α‐arylation protocol employing Imidazolium based ionic liquids serving as both acid promoter and solvent. Structurally diverse N‐heteroarenes and 1‐aryltriazenes were evaluated for this reaction. This methodology has successfully provided a synthetic handle for various electron‐rich and electron‐deficient arylated N‐heteroarenes under metal and/or peroxide free conditions in good to excellent yields. The total synthesis of the known oxoisoaporphine class of alkaloids Menisporphine & Daurioxoisoporphine C was successfully accomplished using the current methodology as a key step in the total synthesis.
Combination of Metal‐Phenolic Network‐Based Immunoactive Nanoparticles and Bipolar Irreversible Electroporation for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Han Jun‐Hyeok , Shin Ha Eun , Lee Jiyoung , Kang Jeon Min , Park Jung‐Hoon , Park Chun Gwon , Han Dong Keun , Kim Ik‐Hwan , Park Wooram 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo circumvent the limitations of conventional cancer immunotherapy, it is critical to prime antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) to initiate the cancer‐immune cycle. Here, the authors develop a metal‐phenolic network (MPN)‐based immunoactive nanoparticle in combination with irreversible electroporation (IRE) for an effective cancer immunotherapy. The MPN nanoparticles are synthesized by coordinating tannic acid with manganese (Mn) ions, and subsequent coating with CpG‐oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG‐ODNs) via hydrogen bonding. The CpG‐ODN‐coated Mn‐phenolic network (CMP) nanoparticles are effectively internalized into macrophages, a type of APCs, and successfully trigger M1 polarization to promote release of proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, the CMP nanoparticles demonstrate an extended retention time period than the free CpG‐ODN in the tumor. The tumor microenvironment tailored bipolar IRE, enhances the therapeutic efficacy by significantly broadening the ablation zone, which further increases immunogenic cell death (ICD). Ultimately, the simultaneous CMP nanoparticles and IRE treatment successfully inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival in a mouse tumor model. Thus, CMP nanoparticles are empowered with Mn and CpG‐ODN immunomodulators and the tumor microenvironment tailored bipolar IRE will be a new tool for effective cancer immunotherapy to treat intractable malignancies.
Same soil, different climate: Crop model intercomparison on translocated lysimeters
Authors: Groh Jannis , Diamantopoulos Efstathios , Duan Xiaohong , Ewert Frank , Heinlein Florian , Herbst Michael , Holbak Maja , Kamali Bahareh , Kersebaum Kurt‐Christian , Kuhnert Matthias , Nendel Claas , Priesack Eckart , Steidl Jörg , Sommer Michael , Pütz Thomas , Vanderborght Jan , Vereecken Harry , Wallor Evelyn , Weber Tobias K. D. , Wegehenkel Martin , Weihermüller Lutz , Gerke Horst H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCrop model intercomparison studies have mostly focused on the assessment of predictive capabilities for crop development using weather and basic soil data from the same location. Still challenging is the model performance when considering complex interrelations between soil and crop dynamics under a changing climate. The objective of this study was to test the agronomic crop and environmental flux‐related performance of a set of crop models. The aim was to predict weighing lysimeter‐based crop (i.e., agronomic) and water‐related flux or state data (i.e., environmental) obtained for the same soil monoliths that were taken from their original environment and translocated to regions with different climatic conditions, after model calibration at the original site. Eleven models were deployed in the study. The lysimeter data (2014–2018) were from the Dedelow (Dd), Bad Lauchstädt (BL), and Selhausen (Se) sites of the TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) SOILCan network. Soil monoliths from Dd were transferred to the drier and warmer BL site and the wetter and warmer Se site, which allowed a comparison of similar soil and crop under varying climatic conditions. The model parameters were calibrated using an identical set of crop‐ and soil‐related data from Dd. Environmental fluxes and crop growth of Dd soil were predicted for conditions at BL and Se sites using the calibrated models. The comparison of predicted and measured data of Dd lysimeters at BL and Se revealed differences among models. At site BL, the crop models predicted agronomic and environmental components similarly well. Model performance values indicate that the environmental components at site Se were better predicted than agronomic ones. The multi‐model mean was for most observations the better predictor compared with those of individual models. For Se site conditions, crop models failed to predict site‐specific crop development indicating that climatic conditions (i.e., heat stress) were outside the range of variation in the data sets considered for model calibration. For improving predictive ability of crop models (i.e., productivity and fluxes), more attention should be paid to soil‐related data (i.e., water fluxes and system states) when simulating soil–crop–climate interrelations in changing climatic conditions.
The latest role of nerve‐specific splicing factor PTBP1 in the transdifferentiation of glial cells into neurons
Authors: Chen Xing‐Dong , Liu Hui‐Lin , Li Sen , Hu Kai‐Bin , Wu Qing‐Yun , Liao Ping , Wang Hai‐Yan , Long Zai‐Yun , Lu Xiu‐Min , Wang Yong‐Tang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCentral nervous system injury diseases can cause the loss of many neurons, and it is difficult to regenerate. The field of regenerative medicine believes that supplementing the missing neurons may be an ideal method for nerve injury repair. Recent studies have found that down‐regulation of polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) expression can make glial cells transdifferentiate into different types of neurons, which is expected to be an alternative therapy to restore neuronal function. This article summarized the research progress on the structure and biological function of the PTBP family, the mutual regulation of PTBP1 and PTBP2, their role in neurogenesis, and the latest research progress in targeting PTBP1 to mediate the transdifferentiation of glial cells into neurons, which may provide some new strategies and new ideas for the future treatment of central nervous system injury and neurodegenerative diseases.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Beginning the Journeys Towards Intercultural Capability
Authors: East Martin , Tolosa Constanza , Howard Jocelyn , Biebricher Christine , Scott Adèle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChapter 10.1007/978-981-19-0991-7_1 sets the scene for the study that is presented in subsequent chapters. It outlines the significance of the study, and goes on to provide a brief historical overview of how, and to what extent, a cultural/intercultural dimension has been included in the communicative L2 classroom over the years. Challenges for understanding the intercultural in the context of the construct of communicative competence are raised. The site of the present study is described. The chapter concludes by providing an overview of how the journeys of the different stakeholders in the study unfold in the remainder of the book.
Studies on the Intercultural Dimension Across the Globe
Authors: East Martin , Tolosa Constanza , Howard Jocelyn , Biebricher Christine , Scott Adèle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChapter 10.1007/978-981-19-0991-7_2 presents arguments from the international literature on the intercultural dimension, starting with an attempt to synthesise key debates around defining this crucial dimension. The first part locates the concept of interculturality in education, in particular in curricular reforms in different jurisdictions and in the teaching/learning of additional languages. The second part presents a range of empirical studies that have investigated the intercultural dimension as it relates to pedagogy, teachers and learners, with a particular focus on younger (school-aged) language learners.
BPS Algebras in 2D String Theory
Authors: Harrison Sarah M. , Paquette Natalie M. , Persson Daniel , Volpato Roberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe discuss a set of heterotic and type II string theory compactifications to $$1+1$$

1
+
1

dimensions that are characterized by factorized internal worldsheet CFTs of the form $$V_1\otimes \bar{V}_2$$

V
1

⊗

V

¯

2

, where $$V_1, V_2$$

V
1

,

V
2

are self-dual (super) vertex operator algebras. In the cases with spacetime supersymmetry, we show that the BPS states form a module for a Borcherds–Kac–Moody (BKM) (super)algebra, and we prove that for each model the BKM (super)algebra is a symmetry of genus zero BPS string amplitudes. We compute the supersymmetric indices of these models using both Hamiltonian and path integral formalisms. The path integrals are manifestly automorphic forms closely related to the Borcherds–Weyl–Kac denominator. Along the way, we comment on various subtleties inherent to these low-dimensional string compactifications.
Hydrology influences carbon flux through metabolic pathways in the hypolimnion of a Mediterranean reservoir
Authors: Montes-Pérez J. J. , Marcé R. , Obrador B. , Conejo-Orosa T. , Díez J. L. , Escot C. , Reyes I. , Moreno-Ostos E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlobal change is modifying meteorological and hydrological factors that influence the thermal regime of water bodies. These modifications can lead to longer stratification periods with enlarged hypolimnetic anoxic periods, which can promote heterotrophic anaerobic processes and alter reservoir carbon cycling. Here, we quantified aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic processes (aerobic respiration, denitrification, iron and manganese reduction, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis) on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) production in the hypolimnion of a Mediterranean reservoir (El Gergal, Spain) under two contrasting hydrological conditions: a wet year with heavy direct rainfall and frequent water inputs from upstream reservoirs, and a dry year with scarce rainfall and negligible water inputs. During the wet year, water inputs and rainfall induced low water column thermal stability and earlier turnover. By contrast, thermal stratification was longer and more stable during the dry year. During wet conditions, we observed lower DIC accumulation in the hypolimnion, mainly due to weaker sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. By contrast, longer stratification during the dry year promoted higher hypolimnetic DIC accumulation, resulting from enhanced methanogenesis and sulfate reduction, thus increasing methane emissions and impairing reservoir water quality. Aerobic respiration, denitrification and metal reduction produced a similar amount of DIC in the hypolimnion during the two studied years. All in all, biological and geochemical (calcite dissolution) processes explained most of hypolimnetic DIC accumulation during stratification regardless of the hydrological conditions, but there is still ~ 30% of hypolimnetic DIC production that cannot be explained by the processes contemplated in this study and the assumptions made.
Plasmatic coagulation profile after major traumatic injury: a prospective observational study
Authors: Caspers Michael , Schäfer Nadine , Bouillon Bertil , Schaeben Victoria , Ciorba Monica Christine , Maegele Marc , Müller Jens , Pötzsch Bernd 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Uncontrolled hemorrhage is still the major cause of preventable death after trauma and is aggravated by trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC). The underlying pathophysiology of TIC is still elusive, but several key effectors such as the thrombin-generation capacity, the protein C (PC) pathway, and the fibrinolytic activity could be identified. The aim of this prospective observational study was to investigate plasma coagulation markers attributed to reflect the course of TIC and to identify the mechanisms being responsible for the coagulopathy after major trauma.

Methods
Seventy-three consecutive patients after major trauma and admission to a level-1-trauma unit were included to the study. During early trauma management, extended coagulation testing including the measurement of circulating thrombin markers and activated PC (APC) was performed and correlated with standard shock parameters and the patients’ clinical course and outcome.

Results
In contrast to standard coagulation parameters, thrombin markers and APC were found to be increased in correlation with injury severity. Even in patients with lower impact mechanisms, early endogenous accumulation of thrombin markers and APC (ISS < 16: 0.5 ng/ml; ISS ≥ 16–26: 1.5 ng/ml; ISS > 26: 4.1 ng/ml) were observed. Furthermore, APC showed ISS- and injury-dependent patterns while ROC curve analysis revealed that especially APC plasma levels were predictive for coagulopathy and general patient outcome.

Conclusion
Increased levels of APC and thrombin markers in patients after major trauma were positively correlated with injury severity. APC showed an ISS- and injury-dependent kinetic and might serve as candidate biomarker to identify patients at risk for developing TIC.
Interaction mechanisms and damage formation in laser cutting of CFRP laminates obtained by recycled carbon fibre
Authors: Leone Claudio , Mingione Emanuele , Genna Silvio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe increase in the use of composite materials poses the problem of their disposal/recycling after the End of Life (EOL). Different strategies were developed to recycle composite material, resulting in the availability of new raw materials, characterised by overall good mechanical properties and significantly low cost. However, the applicability of these materials to industrial production also depends on the possibility of producing and processing them with likewise available technologies. Among the production and processing technologies that can be adopted for recycled composite materials, resin infusion under flexible tooling (RIFT) and laser machining, respectively, stand out above all due to the high production/machining speed compared to the cost. This paper investigates the possibility to apply both these technologies to carbon fibre–reinforced polymer laminates obtained by adopting recycled carbon fibres. Recycled CFRP plates of about 2.7 mm in thickness were produced by RIFT and characterised in tensile and flexural tests. After mechanical characterisation, cutting tests were performed by using a 450 W QCW fibre laser, varying the pulse power, the pulse length, and the pulse overlap. The kerf geometries and the HAZ extension were measured at the upper and bottom parts as well as in the section. Analysis of variance was adopted to define which and how the process parameters affect the kerf dimension and HAZ extension. Results showed that it is possible to cut the composite at a cutting speed up to 2000 mm/s, obtaining, in the best conditions, narrow kerf, limited HAZ, and taper angle of about 0°.
Graphical abstract
Highly stable peptide adducts from hard keratins as biomarkers to verify local sulfur mustard exposure of hair by high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Schmeißer Wolfgang , Siegert Markus , Thiermann Horst , Rein Theo , John Harald 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the recent past, the blister agent sulfur mustard (SM) deployed by the terroristic group Islamic State has caused a huge number of civilian and military casualties in armed conflicts in the Middle East. The vaporized or aerolized agent might be inhaled and have direct contact to skin and hair. Reaction products of SM with plasma proteins (adducts) represent well-established systemic targets for the bioanalytical verification of exposure. The SM-derived hydroxyethylthioethyl (HETE)-moiety is attached to nucleophilic amino acid side chains and allows unambiguous adduct detection. For shipping of common blood and plasma samples, extensive packaging rules are to be followed as these matrices are considered as potentially infectious material. In contrast, hair is considered as non-infectious thus making its handling and transportation much less complicated. Therefore, we addressed this matrix to develop a procedure for bioanalytical verification. Following optimized lysis of SM-treated human scalp hair and pepsin-catalyzed proteolysis of adducts of keratin type I and II, microbore liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem-mass spectrometry (µLC–ESI MS/HR MS) was used to detect three alkylated keratin-derived biomarker peptides: AE(-HETE)IRSDL, FKTIE(-HETE)EL, and LE(-HETE)TKLQF simultaneously. All bear the HETE-moiety bound to a glutamic acid residue. Protein adducts were stable for at least 14 weeks at ambient temperature and contact to air, and were not affected by washing the hair with shampoo. The biomarker peptides were also obtained from beard, armpit, abdominal, and pubic hair. This is the first report introducing stable local peptide adduct biomarkers from hair, that is easily accessible by a non-invasive sampling process.
Current Strategies for Prevention of Infection After Uterine Artery Embolisation
Authors: Lukies Matthew , Clements Warren 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUterine artery embolisation (UAE) is a safe and effective procedure for symptomatic uterine fibroids with an estimated rate of post-operative intra-uterine infection of 0.9–2.5%. While rates of infection have remained low over the past two decades, there is variation in infection prevention practices. Intra-uterine infection after UAE may occur via access site haematogenous spread or ascension of vaginal flora through the cervical canal. Although the evidence base is immature, risk factors for infection including previous pelvic infection, hydrosalpinx, endocervical incompetence, diabetes, smoking, obesity, respiratory disease, and immunosuppression should be assessed during the pre-operative consultation with the interventional radiologist to tailor a plan for minimising infection, which may include optimisation of any modifiable risk facts and prophylactic antibiotics.
Associations between physical work environment, workplace support for health, and presenteeism: a COVID-19 context
Authors: Danquah Emelia , Asiamah Nestor 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
Presenteeism has, in a larger sense, been viewed as a negative behaviour, although a limited body of studies suggests and reports its positive implications in an organizational context. This study assessed the association between the physical work environment (PWE) and presenteeism as well as the moderating influence of workplace support for health (WSH) on this relationship.

Methods
This study adopted the cross-sectional design alongside a sensitivity analysis and techniques against common methods bias. The study population was employees of private and public organizations in Accra, Ghana. A total of 590 employees participated in the study and hierarchical linear regression was used to present the results.

Results
PWE had a positive relationship with presenteeism (β = 0.15; t = 3.04; p < 0.05), which means that higher presenteeism was associated with larger PWE scores. WSH positively moderated the relationship between PWE and presenteeism (β = 0.23; t = 4.84; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Organizations with more satisfactory work environments may serve as preferred protective places for employees during a pandemic, more so within organizations with higher WSH. Interventions rolled out to improve PWE and to provide WSH can attenuate the potential negative influences of presenteeism on individual health and organizational productivity.
The term CAKUT has outlived its usefulness: the case for the prosecution
Authors: Woolf Adrian S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCAKUT stands for Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract, and the acronym first appeared in a review article published in 1998. Since then, CAKUT has become a familiar term encountered in the medical literature, especially in nephrology journals. I reason that the term CAKUT was conceived as not a simple description of various diseases, but more as shorthand for a bold conceptual package that linked the occurrence of diverse types of anatomical malformations with insights from genetic and developmental biology research. Moreover, the angiotensin II receptor type 2 was seen as a paradigmatic molecule in the pathobiology of CAKUT. I contend that the acronym, while appearing as an intellectually good idea at the time it was conceived, has outlived its usefulness. To reach these conclusions, I focus on the complex of research observations that led to the theory behind CAKUT, and then question whether these scientific foundations still stand firm. In addition, it is noted that not all clinicians have adopted the acronym, and I speculate why this is the case. I proceed to demonstrate that there is an incompatibility between the semantic meaning of CAKUT and the diseases for which the term was originally conceived. Instead, I suggest the acronym UTM, standing for Urinary Tract Malformation, is a simpler and less ambiguous one to use. Finally, I contend that the continued use of the acronym is a regressive step for the disciplines of nephrology and urology, taking us back two centuries when all kidney diseases were simply called Bright’s disease.