bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Appearance Based Mapping using Visual Sensor for Unknown Environment
Authors: Aravind Jinka Venkata , Sai Ganesh Kakumanu Vamsi Sree , Prince Shanthi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Underwater environment is one of the most challenging areas when considering scene reconstruction and mapping, feature extraction of environment etc. GPS usage is denied in underwater environment and a waterproof lidar is also not a cost-effective solution to map and localize. Lidar-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) are also not preferred in budget-constrained applications. So, a visual-slam (V-SLAM) approach called Real-Time Appearance Based Mapping (RTAB-Map) is used to reconstruct the view in underwater scenario, i.e., map and localize the camera in the environment. In this work, Intel Real Sense D455 depth camera with inbuilt inertial measurement unit (IMU) is used for scene reconstruction. In order to get better visualization, it needs high performance embedded computer. Here, Jetson Nano embedded computer with robot operating system is used. Experiment is conducted for 3-D reconstruction map with the help of RTAB mapping technique and inbuilt IMU localized the camera in unknown environment. Then various depth, point clouds, odometry of a camera, visual object information is extracted in the indoor environment.
Efficient Floating-point Division Quantum Circuit using Newton-Raphson Division
Authors: Gayathri S S , Kumar R. , Dhanalakshmi Samiappan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The development of quantum algorithms is facilitated by quantum circuit designs. A floating-point number can represent a wide range of values and is extremely useful in digital signal processing. A quantum circuit model to implement the floating-point division problem using the Newton-Raphson division algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed division circuit offers a significant savings in T-gates and qubits used in the circuit design when correlated with the state of art works proposed on fast division algorithms. The qubits savings are estimated around 17% and 20%, T-count savings are around 59.03% and 20.31%. Similarly, T-depth savings is estimated around 77.45% and 24.33% over the existing works.
Design and implementation of blockchain based peer to peer energy trading platform
Authors: Deepa T , Saraswathi N , Hariprasad S , Praveen KMS , Elamurugan P , Dinesh V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Blockchain is an emerging technology which is known for its popularity and reliability. First introduced in 2008, it has now expanded to many areas such as IoT, cryptocurrency and Smart contracts. A blockchain consists of blocks assembled in the form of a chain. Data from each participant in the network is stored in these blocks. It is done in a block format called a series of transactions. The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed many traditional lifestyles. The IoT has enabled cities, housing, pollution control, energy saving and intelligent transportation systems. Blockchain technology and the Internet of Things can increase the efficiency of peer-to-peer energy trading platforms. The open-source peer to peer (P2P) energy trading system is designed on the blockchain. Peer to peer (P2P) is a decentralized communication model in which each party has the same functionality and each party can initiate a communication session. The system collects real time data, monitors and controls it using MQTT Protocol. The trading activities takes place on a web interface which uses a public test Ethereum blockchain, they are tamper-proof. IoT is used to monitor and control the energy. The energy data is acquired and processed using Wi-Fi Based microcontrollers.
From scalar fields on quantum spaces to blobbed topological recursion
Authors: Branahl Johannes , Hock Alexander , Grosse Harald , Wulkenhaar Raimar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We review the construction of the λϕ
4-model on noncommutative geometries via exact solutions of Dyson–Schwinger equations and explain how this construction relates via (blobbed) topological recursion to problems in algebraic and enumerative geometry.
Pseudo-

PT

symmetric Dirac equation: effect of a new mean spin angular momentum operator on Gilbert damping
Authors: Bouguerra Y , Mehani S , Bechane K , Maamache M , Hervieux P-A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The pseudo-

PT

symmetric Dirac equation is proposed and analyzed by using a non-unitary Foldy–Wouthuysen transformations. A new spin operator

PT

symmetric expectation value (called the mean spin operator) for an electron interacting with a time-dependent electromagnetic field is obtained. We show that spin magnetization—which is the quantity usually measured experimentally—is not described by the standard spin operator but by this new mean spin operator to properly describe magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic materials and the corresponding equation of motion is compatible with the phenomenological model of the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation (LLG).
Effects of resource availability on the web structure of female western black widows: is the web structure constrained by physiological trade-offs?
Authors: Toupin Louis-Philippe , Ratz Tom , Montiglio Pierre-Olivier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA major challenge of biological research is to understand what generates and maintains consistent behavioral variation among animals. Time and energy trade-offs, where expressing one behavior is achieved at the expense of another, are often suggested to favor the maintenance of behavioral differences between individuals. However, few studies have investigated how individuals adjust their allocation to different functions over time and depending on resource abundance. Black widow spiders of the genus Latrodectus build persistent webs that include structural threads which protect against predators and sticky trap threads to capture prey. Web structure consistently differs among individuals in the number of trap and structural threads. To quantify the intensity of a trade-off, we assessed the relationship between the number of structural and trap threads and tested whether varying food abundance affected individual differences in web structure. We further quantified how these individual differences change over time and with food abundance. We subjected spiders to three different levels of prey abundance and monitored the structure of their webs every twelve hours. We found no evidence for a trade-off between trap and structural threads. Instead, spiders that produced more structural threads also produced more trap threads, showing that spiders invested equally in both types of threads. Interestingly, the magnitude of individual differences in web structure was greatest when spiders were fed ad libitum and at the beginning of web construction. We suggest that variation in web structure between spiders could be the result of stable developmental differences in morphology or genetic differences.
A 3D atlas of functional human brain energetic connectome based on neuropil distribution
Authors: Yu Yuguo , Akif Adil , Herman Peter , Cao Miao , Rothman Douglas L , Carson Richard E , Agarwal Divyansh , Evans Alan C , Hyder Fahmeed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe human brain is energetically expensive, yet the key factors governing its heterogeneous energy distributions across cortical regions to support its diversity of functions remain unexplored. Here, we built up a 3D digital cortical energy atlas based on the energetic costs of all neuropil activities into a high-resolution stereological map of the human cortex with cellular and synaptic densities derived, respectively, from ex vivo histological staining and in vivo PET imaging. The atlas was validated with PET-measured glucose oxidation at the voxel level. A 3D cortical activity map was calculated to predict the heterogeneous activity rates across all cortical regions, which revealed that resting brain is indeed active with heterogeneous neuronal activity rates averaging around 1.2 Hz, comprising around 70% of the glucose oxidation of the cortex. Additionally, synaptic density dominates spatial patterns of energetics, suggesting that the cortical energetics rely heavily on the distribution of synaptic connections. Recent evidence from functional imaging studies suggests that some cortical areas act as hubs (i.e., interconnecting distinct and functionally active regions). An inverse allometric relationship was observed between hub metabolic rates versus hub volumes. Hubs with smaller volumes have higher synapse density, metabolic rate, and activity rates compared to nonhubs. The open-source BrainEnergyAtlas provides a granular framework for exploring revealing design principles in energy-constrained human cortical circuits across multiple spatial scales.
Gyral and sulcal connectivity in the human cerebral cortex
Authors: Kruggel Frithjof , Solodkin Ana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe rapid evolution of image acquisition and data analytic methods has established in vivo whole-brain tractography as a routine technology over the last 20 years. Imaging-based methods provide an additional approach to classic neuroanatomical studies focusing on biomechanical principles of anatomical organization and can in turn overcome the complexity of inter-individual variability associated with histological and tractography studies. In this work we propose a novel, reliable framework for determining brain tracts resolving the anatomical variance of brain regions. We distinguished 4 region types based on anatomical considerations: (i) gyral regions at borders between cortical communities; (ii) gyral regions within communities; (iii) sulcal regions at invariant locations across subjects; and (iv) other sulcal regions. Region types showed strikingly different anatomical and connection properties. Results allowed complementing the current understanding of the brain’s communication structure with a model of its anatomical underpinnings.
Small non-coding RNA therapeutics for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Shah Ajay M , Giacca Mauro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Novel bio-therapeutic agents that harness the properties of small, non-coding nucleic acids hold great promise for clinical applications. These include antisense oligonucleotides that inhibit messenger RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), or long non-coding RNAs; positive effectors of the miRNA pathway (short interfering RNAs and miRNA mimics); or small RNAs that target proteins (i.e. aptamers). These new therapies also offer exciting opportunities for cardiovascular diseases and promise to move the field towards more precise approaches based on disease mechanisms. There have been substantial advances in developing chemical modifications to improve the in vivo pharmacological properties of antisense oligonucleotides and reduce their immunogenicity. Carrier methods (e.g. RNA conjugates, polymers, and lipoplexes) that enhance cellular uptake of RNA therapeutics and stability against degradation by intracellular nucleases are also transforming the field. A number of small non-coding RNA therapies for cardiovascular indications are now approved. Moreover, there is a large pipeline of therapies in clinical development and an even larger list of putative therapies emerging from pre-clinical studies. Progress in this area is reviewed herein along with the hurdles that need to be overcome to allow a broader clinical translation.
Archetypes of inflorescence: genome-wide association networks of panicle morphometric, growth, and disease variables in a multiparent oat population
Authors: Carlson Craig H , Fiedler Jason D , Naraghi Sepehr Mohajeri , Nazareno Eric S , Ardayfio Naa Korkoi , McMullen Michael S , Kianian Shahryar F 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is limited information regarding the morphometric relationships of panicle traits in oat (Avena sativa) and their contribution to phenology and growth, physiology, and pathology traits important for yield. To model panicle growth and development and identify genomic regions associated with corresponding traits, 10 diverse spring oat mapping populations (n = 2,993) were evaluated in the field and 9 genotyped via genotyping-by-sequencing. Representative panicles from all progeny individuals, parents, and check lines were scanned, and images were analyzed using manual and automated techniques, resulting in over 60 unique panicle, rachis, and spikelet variables. Spatial modeling and days to heading were used to account for environmental and phenological variances, respectively. Panicle variables were intercorrelated, providing reproducible archetypal and growth models. Notably, adult plant resistance for oat crown rust was most prominent for taller, stiff stalked plants having a more open panicle structure. Within and among family variance for panicle traits reflected the moderate-to-high heritability and mutual genome-wide associations (hotspots) with numerous high-effect loci. Candidate genes and potential breeding applications are discussed. This work adds to the growing genetic resources for oat and provides a unique perspective on the genetic basis of panicle architecture in cereal crops.
The Association of Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Multimorbidity at Age 90 in the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Jain Purva , Binder Alexandra , Chen Brian , Parada Humberto , Gallo Linda C , Alcaraz John , Horvath Steve , Bhatti Parveen , Whitsel Eric A , Jordahl Kristina , Baccarelli Andrea A , Hou Lifang , Stewart James D , Li Yun , LaMonte Michael J , Manson JoAnn E , LaCroix Andrea Z 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), a measure of accelerated biological aging, has been associated with an increased risk of several age-related chronic conditions. This is the first study to prospectively examine the relationship between EAA and both multimorbidity count and a weighted multimorbidity score among long-lived postmenopausal women.

Methods
We included 1 951 women from the Women’s Health Initiative who could have survived to age 90. EAA was estimated using the Horvath pan-tissue, Hannum, PhenoAge, and GrimAge “clocks.” Twelve chronic conditions were included in the multimorbidity count. The multimorbidity score was weighted for each morbidity’s relationship with mortality in the study population. Using mixed-effects Poisson and linear regression models that included baseline covariates associated with both EAA and multimorbidity, we estimated relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relationships between each EAA measure at the study baseline with both multimorbidity count and weighted multimorbidity score at age 90, respectively.

Results
For every one standard deviation increase in AgeAccelPheno, the rate of multimorbidity accumulation increased 6% (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01–1.12; p = .025) and the multimorbidity score by 7% (RR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01–1.13; p = .014) for women who survived to age 90. The results for a one standard deviation increase in AgeAccelHorvath, AgeAccelHannum, and AgeAccelGrim with multimorbidity accumulation and score were weaker compared to AgeAccelPheno, and the latter 2 did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion
AgeAccelPheno and AgeAccelHannum may predict multimorbidity count and score at age 90 in older women and, thus, may be useful as a biomarker predictor of multimorbidity burden in the last decades of life.
A qualitative UK study exploring counterpublic engagement of marginalized women via a Women’s Health Network
Authors: Craddock Emma 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Public engagement is at the forefront of health policy and research. The need for engagement with diverse groups and particularly marginalized groups who face increased health inequalities has been recognized. Yet, there is a lack of research that focuses on marginalized women. This article presents data from semi-structured interviews with members of a Women’s Health Network (WHN) in Bradford, one of the most deprived areas of England. WHN is a collective of women who aim to improve women and their families’ health, with a particular focus on seldom-heard voices. This article critically explores what realistic, representative counterpublic engagement looks like. It reveals the tension between the ideal of public engagement (direct participation) and what happens in practice. Challenges for direct participation of marginalized groups in formal structures require alternative solutions. It is argued that WHN provides an alternative model of counterpublic engagement by bridging the gap between ‘seldom-heard’ women and healthcare providers. WHN creates and sustains a discursive space between subaltern counterpublics and official public spheres, enabling two-way communication. Furthermore, this article problematizes the terms ‘seldom heard’ and ‘professionals’ for assuming homogeneity and masking diversity. It is argued that WHN’s bridging model of subaltern counterpublic engagement is successful at amplifying women’s voices and promoting women’s health because of the network’s diverse membership and reach. This diversity enables the authentic representation of varied communities and the discursive movement of issues relating to women’s health. WHN thus offers a transferable model of counterpublic engagement in the absence of direct participation.
Analysis for variable manifestations and molecular characteristics of pyridox(am)ine-5′-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency
Authors: Jiao Xianru , Gong Pan , Niu Yue , Xu Zhao , Zhang Yuehua , Yang Zhixian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
To summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with pyridox(am)ine-5′-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency.

Methods
Clinical and genetic data of the patients were collected and analyzed.

Results
Eighteen patients from 17 families with variants in PNPO were collected, and 15 cases survived to date. The age of onset ranged from 1 day to 5 months (median age 6.5 days) and seven of them presented with seizures &lt;24 h. About 7/18 (39%) of patients showed seizure-free with pyridoxine (PN) or pyridoxal-5′-phosphate treatment. Two patients showed surprised therapeutic responses to antiseizure medications therapy: one could be controlled for up to 1 year and 5 months, and the other showed seizure-free for &gt;8 years. The neurodevelopment was normal in one patient, mild delay in four, in whom responded well to PN. Severe delay could be seen in the remaining 10 surviving patients. Genetic analysis revealed 14 variants of PNPO, seven of which were novel. Five pairs of unrelated patients were observed to carry the same variants, respectively, and had similar developmental status and onset age of seizures in some degree in each pair, whereas also had differences.

Conclusions
The clinical characteristics, including age of onset, treatment response and prognosis, were variable and difficult to classify into different types clearly. Patients with PNPO deficiency who used PN as their main treatment and being able to control seizures seemed to be associated with better outcomes. Patients with the same genotype tended to show the correlation of phenotype–genotype.
Simulation-Based Evaluation of Methods, Data Types, and Temporal Sampling Schemes for Detecting Recent Population Declines
Authors: Reid Brendan N , Pinsky Malin L 
Published: September 2022

Synopsis
Understanding recent population trends is critical to quantifying species vulnerability and implementing effective management strategies. To evaluate the accuracy of genomic methods for quantifying recent declines (beginning &lt;120 generations ago), we simulated genomic data using forward-time methods (SLiM) coupled with coalescent simulations (msprime) under a number of demographic scenarios. We evaluated both site frequency spectrum (SFS)-based methods (momi2, Stairway Plot) and methods that employ linkage disequilibrium information (NeEstimator, GONE) with a range of sampling schemes (contemporary-only samples, sampling two time points, and serial sampling) and data types (RAD-like data and whole-genome sequencing). GONE and momi2 performed best overall, with &gt;80% power to detect severe declines with large sample sizes. Two-sample and serial sampling schemes could accurately reconstruct changes in population size, and serial sampling was particularly valuable for making accurate inferences when genotyping errors or minor allele frequency cutoffs distort the SFS or under model mis-specification. However, sampling only contemporary individuals provided reliable inferences about contemporary size and size change using either site frequency or linkage-based methods, especially when large sample sizes or whole genomes from contemporary populations were available. These findings provide a guide for researchers designing genomics studies to evaluate recent demographic declines.
Knowledge, attitude and practice toward the mHealth app Mawid: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alharbi Abeer 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The Mawid app is a mobile appointment system that may improve access to primary healthcare services in Saudi Arabia. This study investigates the Saudis’ level of knowledge of the Mawid app, their attitude towards it and their practice or use of it.

Methods
A cross-sectional design was used. The data were collected using an online survey via Google Forms from April to May 2021. Linear regression and binomial logit models were used to answer the research questions.

Results
A total of 916 responses were collected. There were significant effects of gender, age, marital status, occupation, income and region on knowledge scores (p&lt;0.05). Higher knowledge scores predict greater agreement that the Mawid app facilitates access to health services (p&lt;0.001). The probability of using the app is predicted to be greater among individuals who agree that the Mawid app facilitates access to care (p&lt;0.001). The probability of using the app is predicted to be higher among individuals who have a higher frequency of using primary health centres (p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
The Ministry of Health has declared eHealth as a transformational enabler for patient-centric care. This study found that the Mawid app facilitated access and improved healthcare services. Knowledge positively influences attitudes toward the app and subsequently its use.
Has Global Trade Competition Really Led to a Race to the Bottom in Labor Standards?
Authors: Guasti Alessandro , Koenig-Archibugi Mathias 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The possibility that economic competition puts working and employment conditions under pressure is a frequently voiced concern in debates on international trade. We provide an empirical assessment of the argument that competition for world markets has generated a race to the bottom in labor standards. Spatial econometrics is used to identify interdependence in labor practices among trade competitors. We present a strategy for measuring export competition between countries that fulfills several criteria: It reflects actual competition between firms offering similar products, rather than export similarity in relation to a few very broad product categories; it captures not only what competitor countries export but also how much; it takes into account that states are exposed to export competition to different degrees; and it focuses on the downward pressure stemming from a deterioration of labor rights protections among close competitors. To address endogeneity, we implement a two-stage least-squares (2SLS) instrumental variable approach and a difference two-stage generalized method of moments (GMM) approach. We find no evidence that export competition has triggered a race to the bottom in two samples covering most states in the world over nearly three decades. The finding is robust to a variety of alternative specifications.