bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of seasons over the extratropics based on the annual daily mean temperature cycle
Authors: López‐Franca Noelia , Sánchez Enrique , Menéndez Claudio , Carril Andrea F. , Zaninelli Pablo G. , Flombaum Pedro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA proposal to characterize seasons based on the annual cycle of daily mean temperature over extratropical regions is presented. Four metrics are computed, based on the dates along the year when the maximum and minimum temperature values and the maximum warming and cooling (when the rate of temperatura change is maximum or minimum) are obtained. These four metrics are computed for 1980–2014 period for ERA‐Interim, JRA‐55 and NCEP2 reanalysis products. Results indicate that these four metrics are able to represent, with geographical coherence over any extratropical region, the start and end of subperiods along the year and that can be seen and used as a consistent procedure to define seasons. The two more extreme metrics (dates for the maximum and minimum temperature) are closely influenced by the variability of the net radiation and near‐surface circulation. Regions with different climatic regimes, defined in terms of land–atmosphere coupling conditions, have different contributing factors influencing the interannual variability of the metrics. In humid regions the net surface radiation is critical for the timing of the maximum temperature date, while the variability of the atmospheric circulation is relevant for the minimum temperature metric. In transitional regions, land–atmosphere interaction plays a key role in the timing of the annual cycle, both in summer and winter. Variations in net radiation are relevant for dry regions. Therefore, a robust methodology to establish seasons based on the annual temperature cycle is presented. We also inspect how the metrics timing responds in terms of the interannual variations of different relevant atmospheric variables.
MRI imaging versus histologic volumetric estimation of residual injection laryngoplasty material
Authors: Bowen Andrew Jay , San‐Marina Serban , Hunter Danielle , Voss Stephen , Bartemes Kathleen , Macura Slobodan , Meloche Ryan , Spragg Andrew Mearns , Lohse Christine , Oldenburg Michael S. , Ekbom Dale C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the degree of agreement between MRI and histologically generated volumetric measurements of residual injection laryngoplasty material.MethodsFollowing left recurrent laryngeal nerve transection, rabbit vocal cords were injected with jellyfish collagen, Cymetra®, or Restylane®. Laryngeal tissue was harvested 4 or 12 weeks post injection followed by MRI imaging and histologic cross‐sectioning. Two raters estimated the volume of remaining injection material in specimens within MRI and histologic axial cross sections. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were employed to detect gross differences between inter‐rater measurements and between imaging modalities across time. Agreement between rater measurements and imaging (histology and MRI) was assessed using intra‐class correlation coefficients.ResultsData was available from 16 rabbits sacrificed at 4 weeks (n = 8) and 12 weeks (n = 8). Inter‐rater testing of MRI imaging revealed no significant differences (p > .05) between rater measurements across time points, and excellent agreement (0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.80–0.98) while histologically estimated volumes demonstrated a significant difference at 4 weeks (p < .05) and overall good agreement (0.89; 95% confidence interval 0.59–0.97). Comparison of MRI and histologically estimated volume measurements revealed significant differences at the 4‐week time point (p < .05) but not at 12 weeks (p > .05). Overall, there is only moderate agreement between MRI and histology estimates (0.72; 95% confidence interval 0.22–0.90).ConclusionsMRI imaging demonstrates good reliability and similar estimates of volume to histologically estimated measurements of residual injection laryngoplasty material at time points clinically relevant for future injection laryngoplasty experiments.Level of EvidenceNA.
A Nonisocyanate Strategy toward Polyurethane Vitrimers from Alkylene Bisurea and Epoxide through Eutectic‐Assisted Melting
Authors: Xie Kangzhou , Tang Donglin , Zhang Guangzhao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) are nowadays considered as green alternatives to conventional polyurethanes, without using the toxic isocyanates. NIPUs usually are synthesized from cyclic carbonates and di(poly)amines. Herein a novel pathway toward polyurethane vitrimers (PUVs) based on epoxide (1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether, BDE) and alkylene bisureas (BUs) is reported, which can easily be prepared from renewable urea and diamines. Due to the high melting temperature and the poor solubility, BUs are rarely applied in the synthesis of polyurethanes. To enhance the mellability of BUs, ZnCl2 is introduced to form eutectic system and therefore to assist melting of BUs (eutectic‐assisted melting). When 100 mol% of ZnCl2 is added, BUs are able to melt at 130 °C at which polymerization between BUs and BDE is then triggered and can be finished within 10 min. Interestingly, the obtained polymers are found to be polyurethane vitrimers, for which the relationship between the relaxation time (τ*) and the temperature (T) fits with Arrhenius equation. PUV‐10 samples before and after reprocessing remains similar appearance and mechanical properties (E: ≈90 MPa; σb: ≈17 MPa; εb: ≈200%). A new synthetic strategy is apparently offered here for NIPUs and even for PUVs without adding any crosslinker.
In Vitro Faecal Fermentation of Monomeric and Oligomeric Flavan‐3‐ols: Catabolic Pathways and Stoichiometry
Authors: Di Pede Giuseppe , Bresciani Letizia , Brighenti Furio , Clifford Michael N. , Crozier Alan , Del Rio Daniele , Mena Pedro 
Published: February 2022

ScopeThe study evaluates the influence of flavan‐3‐ol structure on the production of phenolic catabolites, principally phenyl‐γ‐valerolactones (PVLs), and phenylvaleric acids (PVAs).Methods and ResultsA set of 12 monomeric flavan‐3‐ols and proanthocyanidins (degree of polymerization (DP) of 2–5), are fermented in vitro for 24 h using human faecal microbiota, and catabolism is analyzed by UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Up to 32 catabolites strictly related to microbial catabolism of parent compounds are detected. (+)‐Catechin and (−)‐epicatechin have the highest molar mass recoveries, expressed as a percentage with respect to the incubated concentration (75 µmol L–1) of the parent compound, for total PVLs and PVAs, both at 5 h (about 20%) and 24 h (about 40%) of faecal incubation. Only A‐type dimer and B‐type procyanidins underwent the ring fission step, and no differences are found in total PVL and PVA production (≃1.5% and 6.0% at 5 and 24 h faecal incubation, respectively) despite the different DPs.ConclusionThe flavan‐3‐ol structure strongly affects the colonic catabolism of the native compounds, influencing the profile of PVLs and PVAs produced in vitro. This study opens new perspectives to further elucidate the colonic fate of oligomeric flavan‐3‐ols and their availability in producing bioactive catabolites.
Low‐loss X‐band waveguide bandpass filter based on rectangular resonators
Authors: Nimehvari Varcheh Hamed , Rezaei Pejman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a procedure for designing and synthesizing a 5th‐order waveguide bandpass filter based on rectangular resonators in X‐band frequency. The designed bandpass filter is implemented in waveguide technology with multiple rectangular cavity resonators. Computerized numerical control (CNC) micro‐machined metallic is used in the waveguide filter structure with an accuracy of 0.2 mm. silver plating has been performed inside the X‐band bandpass filter, which has improved the quality of the response. This low‐loss and high‐power X‐band wideband waveguide filter with center frequency at 9.45 GHz, the bandwidth of 0.9 GHz, the return loss of 18 dB, and the insertion loss of 0.08 dB has been realized.
Intraradiological pathology‐calibrated electrical impedance spectroscopy in the evaluation of excision‐required breast lesions
Authors: Mahdavi Reihane , Mehrvarz Sajad , Hoseinpour Parisa , Yousefpour Narges , Abbasvandi Fereshte , Tayebi Mahtab , Ataee Hossein , Parniani Mohammad , Abdolhoseini Saeed , Hajighasemi Farzane , Nourinejad Zeinab , Shojaeian Fateme , Ghafari Hadi , Nikshoar Mohammad Saeed , Abdolahad Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeEvaluating a real‐time complementary bioelectrical diagnostic device based on electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for improving breast imaging‐reporting and data system (BI‐RADS) scoring accuracy, especially in high‐risk or borderline breast diseases. The primary purpose is to characterize breast tumors based on their dielectric properties. Early detection of high‐risk lesions and increasing the accuracy of tumor sampling and pathological diagnosis are secondary objectives of the study.MethodsThe tumor detection probe (TDP) was first applied to the mouse model for electrical safety evaluations by electrical current measurement. Then it was utilized for characterization of 138 human palpable breast lesions that were to undergo core needle biopsy (CNB), vacuum‐assisted biopsy (VAB), or fine needle aspiration (FNA) on the surgeon's requests. Impedance phase slope (IPS) in frequency ranges of 100– 500 kHz and impedance magnitude in f = 1 kHz were extracted as the classification parameters. Consistency of radiological and pathological declarations for the excisional recommendation was then compared with the IPS values.ResultsConsidering pathological results as the gold standard, meaningful correlations between IPS and pathophysiological status of lesions recommended for excision (such as atypical ductal hyperplasia, papillary lesions, complex sclerosing adenosis, and fibroadenoma) were observed (p < 0.0001). These pathophysiological properties may include cell size, membrane permeability, packing density, adenosis, cytoplasm structure, etc. Benign breast lesions showed IPS values greater than 0, while high‐risk proliferative, precancerous, or cancerous lesions had negative IPS values. Statistical analysis showed 95% sensitivity with area under the curve (AUC) equal to 0.92.ConclusionBorderline breast diseases and high‐risk lesions that should be excised according to standard guidelines can be diagnosed with TDP before any sampling process. It is an important outcome for high‐risk lesions that are radiologically underestimated to BI‐RADS3, specifically in younger patients with dense breast masses that present challenges in mammographic and sonographic evaluations. Also, the lowest IPS value detects the most pathologic portions of the tumor for increasing sampling accuracy in large tumors.SignificancePrecise detection of high‐risk breast masses, which may be declared BI‐RADS3 instead of BI‐RADS4a
LDVoxelMorph: A precise loss function and cascaded architecture for unsupervised diffeomorphic large displacement registration
Authors: Yang Jing , Wu Yinghao , Zhang Dong , Cui Wenting , Yue Xiaoli , Du Shaoyi , Zhang Hongmei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe traditional learning‐based non‐rigid registration methods for medical images are trained by an invariant smoothness regularization parameter, which cannot satisfy the registration accuracy and diffeomorphic property simultaneously. The diffeomorphic property reflects the credibility of the registration results.MethodTo improve the diffeomorphic property in 3D medical image registration, we propose a diffeomorphic cascaded network based on the compressed loss (CL), named LDVoxelMorph. The proposed network has several constituent U‐Nets and is trained with deep supervision, which uses a different spatial smoothness regularization parameter in each constituent U‐Nets for training. This cascade‐variant smoothness regularization parameter can maintain the diffeomorphic property in top cascades with large displacement and achieve precise registration in bottom cascades. Besides, we develop the CL as a penalty for the velocity field, which can accurately limit the velocity field that causes the deformation field overlap after the velocity field integration.ResultsIn our registration experiments, the dice scores of our method were 0.892 ± 0.040 on liver CT datasets SLIVER37, 0.848 ± 0.044 on liver CT datasets LiTS38, 0.689 ± 0.014 on brain MRI datasets LPBA38, and the number of overlapping voxels of deformation field were 325, 159, and 0, respectively. Ablation study shows that the CL improves the diffeomorphic property more effectively than increases.ConclusionExperiment results show that our method can achieve higher registration accuracy assessed by dice scores and overlapping voxels while maintaining the diffeomorphic property for large deformation.
Psychosocial function of Dutch children with cancer and their caregivers during different phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: van Gorp Marloes , Maurice‐Stam Heleen , Teunissen Layla C. , Kilsdonk Ellen , van Dijk Jennifer , Sulkers Mirjam , Tissing Wim J. E. , van Litsenburg Raphaële R. L. , Grootenhuis Martha A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe compared psychosocial functioning of children with cancer and their caregivers in several phases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic to before COVID‐19. One or more questionnaires on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) or fatigue of children or distress of their caregivers was available from 1644 families. In children with cancer, HRQoL was stable throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic. Fatigue was slightly lower and sleep somewhat better during the pandemic than before. Caregiver distress was lower in the first pandemic phase, but increased to pre‐COVID‐19 levels in later phases, indicating that the length and consequences of the pandemic may be weighing on them.
Exploration of genetic ancestry and socioeconomic status in the incidence of neuroblastoma: An ecological study
Authors: Jung Eun Mi , Johnson Rebecca A. , Hubbard Aubrey K. , Spector Logan G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough global differences in the incidence of neuroblastoma have been examined, the underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Previous studies have suggested genetic ancestry and human development index (HDI) as contributing factors, but few studies have been conducted at the international level. Here, we aimed to examine whether the frequency of common genomic variation associated with neuroblastoma can affect its risk at the ecological level with consideration of the HDI. Minor allele frequencies (MAFs) for 22 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were abstracted from the Geography of Genetic Variants Browser. The number of incident neuroblastomas for each population was obtained from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series. Further, population pseudo‐polygenic risk scores (pp‐PRSs) were calculated as a sum of MAFs at the population level, each of which was weighted by effect sizes from prior studies. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to examine whether differences in MAFs across the population influence the risk of neuroblastoma, with and without adjustment for HDI and whether pp‐PRSs can be a predictor of the risk of neuroblastoma. Overall, our results indicated that the neuroblastoma risk associated with variation in SNP frequency could not be differentiated from that of HDI at the ecological level. Additionally, pp‐PRSs were not significantly associated with the risk of neuroblastoma (IRR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.62–1.60). Further study using individual‐level data is warranted to minimize the bias related to the use of population‐level data in this study.
Magnesium hydroxide micro‐whiskers as super‐reinforcer to improve fire retardancy and mechanical property of epoxy resin
Authors: Li Na , Li Zhi , Liu Zhiqi , Yang Yunxian , Jia Yuchen , Li Jisheng , Wei Ming , Li Lijuan , Wang De‐yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAiming to endow the efficient fire safety to epoxy resin (EP), magnesium hydroxide micro‐whiskers (mw‐MH) as super‐reinforcement were incorporated into EP. The thermal kinetics of EP/mw‐MH micro‐composites were investigated. The limited oxygen index (LOI) of EP with the incorporation of mw‐MH reached up to 33.7% greatly improved comparing to 26.3% of pristine EP. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) showed the heat release rate (HRR), smoke production rate (SPR) of the EP/3mw‐MH with the addition of 3 wt% mw‐MH obviously reduced, as evidenced by the reduction of peak of HRR and SPR for the micro‐composites to 58% and 48%, respectively. Moreover, improvements were also observed in total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of EP/3mw‐MH, which were decreased by 29% and 34% at 300 s. Compared with common used industrial magnesium hydroxide (ind‐MH), EP/mw‐MH micro‐composites possessed excellent fire safety performance at the same loading, which was attributed to the jammed network structure. Furthermore, the Young's modulus and tensile strength of EP/mw‐MH micro‐composites maintained. Finally, further investigation was proposed to explain the flame retardant mechanism, which involved the jammed network structures at internal and compact protective char. The magnesium hydroxide with one‐dimensional structure offered an effective method to improve the fire retardancy of polymers.
Prenatal imaging features related to RAC3 pathogenic variant and differential diagnoses
Authors: Cabet Sara , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Putoux Audrey , Labalme Audrey , Sanlaville Damien , Chatron Nicolas , Lesca Gaetan , Guibaud Laurent 
Published: February 2022

Key pointsWhat’s already known about this topic?

Six individuals between 5‐ and 19‐year‐old were reported with pathogenic variants in RAC3 responsible for brain malformations involving midline.

What does this study add?

RAC3‐fetopathy is associated with fetal akinesia deformation sequence, and complex brain malformations including corpus callosum agenesis, diencephalosynapsis, kinked brainstem, and vermian hypoplasia.

The differential diagnoses with prenatal kinked brainstem include fetopathies related to KIAA1109, L1CAM, Walker‐Warburg syndrome and tubulinopathies. The present report adds the RAC3 related condition to this list.
Fluorophore‐mediated photooxidation of the guanine heterocycle
Authors: Fleming Aaron M. , Xiao Songjun , Chabot Michael B. , Burrows Cynthia J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFluorescent dyes are routinely used to visualize DNA or RNA in various experiments, and some dyes also act as photosensitizers capable of catalyzing oxidation reactions. The present studies explored whether the common labeling dyes fluorescein, rhodamine, BODIPY, or cyanine3 (Cy3) can function as photosensitizers to oxidize nucleic acid polymers. Photoirradiation of each dye in the presence of the guanine (G) heterocycle, which is the most sensitive toward oxidation, identified slow rates of nucleobase oxidation in the nucleoside and DNA contexts. For all four fluorophores studied, the only product detected was spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp), suggesting that the dyes functioned as Type II photosensitizers and generate singlet oxygen (1O2). The nucleoside reactions were then conducted in D2O solutions, known to increase the lifetime of 1O2, which resulted in an ~6‐fold increase in the Sp yield, further supporting the classification of these dyes as Type II photosensitizers. Lastly, we inspected the pattern of G reactivity with the dyes upon photoirradiation in the context of a parallel‐stranded G quadruplex. The G nucleotides in the two exterior G tetrads were found to be oxidation prone, providing the third line of evidence that the dyes are Type II photooxidants. The present work found that the common dyes fluorescein, rhodamine, BODIPY, or Cy3 can drive G oxidation but with a slow rate and low overall yield. This will likely not impact many experiments using dyes to study nucleic acids except for those that have long exposures with high‐intensity lights, such as sequencing‐by‐synthesis experiments using fluorescence as the readout.
Identification and integrative analysis of microRNAs in myelodysplastic syndromes based on microRNAs expression profile
Authors: Ma Limin , Yang Haiping , Yang Xuewen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of malignant hematological disorders characterized by the abnormal development of hematopoietic stem cells and increased risk of acute myelogenous leukemia. Although the pathogenesis of MDS has not been fully understood, various alterations of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported in MDS. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of MDS by integrative bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs expression profile. The GSE81372 expression profile dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) between MDS and normal controls were identified and targets of miRNAs were predicted. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) functional and pathway enrichment analyses of target genes were performed. Finally, pathway relation network and miRNA–GO regulatory network were constructed and analyzed. A total of six upregulated and 35 downregulated DEMs were identified. The results showed that target genes of DEMs mainly participated in the process of signal transduction, blood coagulation, apoptotic process, cell proliferation, transmembrane transport, and angiogenesis. The significantly enriched pathways included MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, TGF‐beta signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, and P53 signaling pathway. Moreover, miR‐195‐5p, miR‐4505, miR‐22‐3p, and miR‐148a‐3p were selected as hub miRNAs in miRNA–GO regulatory network and their aberrant expression might be closely associated with MDS pathogenesis. Our discovery provides a registry of miRNAs and pathways that are disrupted in MDS, which has the potential to be used in clinic for diagnosis and target therapy of MDS in future.
Development and implementation of an “Internet+” management plan for cancer patients with wounds/stomas during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Niu Niu , Zhi Xiaoxu , Zhang Liuliu , Wang Meixiang , Zhao Yun , Yang Lifang , Wu Bing , Zhu Ping , Wang Na , Zhang Maomao , Wu Bainv , Zhang Yinan , Meng Aifeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo explore the practical application and effect of the management plan for cancer patients with wounds/stomas based on the “Internet+” model during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Based on the specific situation during the COVID‐19 pandemic, we established the “Internet+” management team for cancer patients with wounds/stomas. After systematical literature search and brainstorming analysis, we developed a management plan for cancer patients with wounds/stomas based on the “Internet+” model. Then, we included cancer patients with wounds/stomas who needed follow‐up visits or consultations at Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from January 25 to April 30, 2020. A total of 304 patients were participated in the study. The effects of the plan were evaluated including patient satisfaction, the proportion of patients who did not need to go to the hospital for treatment, the proportion of patients with improved symptoms and the rate of the patients or nurses contracted COVID‐19. After the implementation of the plan, 56.3% of the patients mastered the relevant self‐care methods under the guidance of specialist nurses and did not need to go to the hospital for treatment. A total of 89.5% of the patients showed improvement in symptoms, and 99.4% of the patients were satisfied with the online treatment. None of the patients or nurses contracted COVID‐19. The “Internet+” management plan for cancer patients with wounds/stomas during the COVID‐19 pandemic had supported epidemic prevention and control in medical institutions and reduced the risk of cross infection. In addition, this type of plan effectively improved disease symptoms in the patients, and their level of satisfaction was high.