bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On transient MHD heat transfer within a radiative porous channel due to convective boundary conditions
Authors: Isah Bala Yabo , Abdullahi Bashiru , Seini Ibrahim Y. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the steady/transient magnetohydrodynamics heat transfer within a radiative porous channel due to convective boundary conditions is considered. The solution of the steady‐state and that of the transient version were conveyed by the perturbation and finite difference methods, respectively. The heat transfer mechanism of the present work ascertain the influence of Biot number (), magnetizing parameter , radiation parameter , temperature difference, suction/injection , Grashof number , and time on velocity , temperature , skin friction , and Nusselt number . The results were established and discussed with the help of a line graph. It was found that the velocity, temperature, and skin friction decay with increasing suction/injection and magnetizing parameters while the Nusselt number upsurges with suction/injection at y = 0 and falls at y = 1. The steady‐state solution was in perfect agreement with the transient version for a significant value of time t. It is interesting to report that the Biot number has a cogent influence consequently, as its values upsurge the result of the present work slant the extended literature.
Neuronal survival factor VGF promotes chemoresistance and predicts poor prognosis in lung cancers with neuroendocrine feature
Authors: Yang Li‐Hao , Lee Richard Kuan‐Lin , Kuo Ming‐Han , Miao Chia‐Cheng , Wang Yuan‐Xin , Chen Alvin , Jhu Yu‐Wei , Cheng Hung‐I , Pan Shien‐Tung , Chou Yu‐Ting 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh‐grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung consist of small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). Both exhibit aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. The transformation of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) to SCLC or LCNEC also contributes to acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Despite initially being responsive to chemotherapy, high‐grade NET patients inevitably develop drug resistance; thus, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed for these patients. Our study reported that VGF (nerve growth factor inducible), a factor mainly expressed in neurons during neural development, is highly expressed in SCLC and LCNEC as well as in a subset of ADCs, whereas targeting VGF attenuates cancer cell growth and tumor formation. High VGF expression was associated with advanced stage SCLC and predicted poor prognosis in lung ADC. In addition, EGFR‐TKI selection enriched VGF expression in TKI‐resistant ADC under epigenetic control. The VGF locus possessed the HDAC1 binding site, and treatment of ADC cells with the HDAC1 inhibitor induced VGF expression. High VGF expression was associated with chemoresistance, and silencing VGF induced BMF and BCL2L11 expression and rendered lung cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapy drugs. These findings suggested the potential of VGF as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in lung cancers with neuroendocrine feature.
Developing and validating polygenic risk scores for colorectal cancer risk prediction in East Asians
Authors: Ping Jie , Yang Yaohua , Wen Wanqing , Kweon Sun‐Seog , Matsuda Koichi , Jia Wei‐Hua , Shin Aesun , Gao Yu‐Tang , Matsuo Keitaro , Kim Jeongseon , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Jee Sun Ha , Cai Qiuyin , Chen Zhishan , Tao Ran , Shin Min‐Ho , Tanikawa Chizu , Pan Zhi‐Zhong , Oh Jae Hwan , Oze Isao , Ahn Yoon‐Ok , Jung Keum Ji , Ren Zefang , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Long Jirong , Zheng Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeveral polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been developed to predict the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in European descendants. We used genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data from 22 702 cases and 212 486 controls of Asian ancestry to develop PRSs and validated them in two case‐control studies (1454 Korean and 1736 Chinese). Eleven PRSs were derived using three approaches: GWAS‐identified CRC risk SNPs, CRC risk variants identified through fine‐mapping of known risk loci and genome‐wide risk prediction algorithms. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and area under the curve (AUC). PRS115‐EAS, a PRS with 115 GWAS‐reported risk variants derived from East‐Asian data, validated significantly better than PRS115‐EUR derived from European descendants. In the Korea validation set, OR per SD increase of PRS115‐EAS was 1.63 (95% CI = 1.46‐1.82; AUC = 0.63), compared with OR of 1.44 (95% CI = 1.29‐1.60, AUC = 0.60) for PRS115‐EUR. PRS115‐EAS/EUR derived using meta‐analysis results of both populations slightly improved the AUC to 0.64. Similar but weaker associations were found in the China validation set. Individuals among the highest 5% of PRS115‐EAS/EUR have a 2.52‐fold elevated CRC risk compared with the medium (41‐60th) risk group and have a 12% to 20% risk of developing CRC by age 85. PRSs constructed using results from fine‐mapping and genome‐wide algorithms did not perform as well as PRS115‐EAS and PRS115‐EAS/EUR in risk prediction, possibly due to a small sample size. Our results indicate that CRC PRSs are promising in predicting CRC risk in East Asians and highlights the importance of using population‐specific data to build CRC risk prediction models.
Stock markets response to contagious disease: Evidence on the impact of COVID‐19 in the three worst hit African economies
Authors: Kumeka Terver , Adeniyi Oluwatosin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study analyses whether Coronavirus health shocks and government responses in terms of lockdown policy and stringency measures impact stock markets in Africa. We found that stock markets appeared to be more negatively responsive to growth in total number of COVID‐19 reported cases than the growth in deaths in the case of Nigeria and South Africa. While for Egypt, the stock market reacted significantly negative to both COVID‐19‐related indicators. Our results further show that government stringency policy has significant negative effect on stock market returns in the case of Nigeria and South Africa, but positive in the case of Egypt.
Recent advances and challenges in graphene‐based nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering application
Authors: Niknam Zahra , Hosseinzadeh Faezeh , Shams Forough , Fath‐Bayati Leyla , Nuoroozi Ghader , Mohammadi Amirabad Leila , Mohebichamkhorami Fariba , Khakpour Naeimi Sahar , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Zali Hakimeh , Tayebi Lobat , Rasmi Yousef 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGraphene‐based nanocomposites have recently attracted increasing attention in tissue engineering because of their extraordinary features. These biocompatible substances, in the presence of an apt microenvironment, can stimulate and sustain the growth and differentiation of stem cells into different lineages. This review discusses the characteristics of graphene and its derivatives, such as their excellent electrical signal transduction, carrier mobility, outstanding mechanical strength with improving surface characteristics, self‐lubrication, antiwear properties, enormous specific surface area, and ease of functional group modification. Moreover, safety issues in the application of graphene and its derivatives in terms of biocompatibility, toxicity, and interaction with immune cells are discussed. We also describe the applicability of graphene‐based nanocomposites in tissue healing and organ regeneration, particularly in the bone, cartilage, teeth, neurons, heart, skeletal muscle, and skin. The impacts of special textural and structural characteristics of graphene‐based nanomaterials on the regeneration of various tissues are highlighted. Finally, the present review gives some hints on future research for the transformation of these exciting materials in clinical studies.
Lotus leaves‐derived MnOx/biochar as an efficient catalyst for low‐temperature NH3‐SCR removal of NOx: effects of modification methods of biochar
Authors: Jia Xuehui , Peng Ruosi , Huang Huajun , Dan Junhui , Lu Meijuan , Zhang Dongliang , Wang Jiaying , Li Danping , Fang Hansun , Yu Chenglong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this reported work, lotus leaves‐derived biochar (LBC) was modified using various chemical methods. LBC prepared by different modification methods was used as the carrier for the development of low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts. A comparative study of low‐temperature SCR manganese catalysts based on LBC chemically modified using NaOH, HNO3 and hexadecylcetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was performed, revealing different deNOx performance of these catalysts. For the supported catalysts, the 25%Mn/LBC‐OH catalyst appeared to be optimum since it exhibited over 95% NOx conversion at 225 °C with a space velocity of 37 500 h−1. The microstructure, phase composition, redox properties and surface acidity were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, X‐ray diffraction, H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction, NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption, and so forth. The results showed that the excellent SCR performance of 25%Mn/LBC‐OH was closely related to its abundant high valence Mn, suitable surface acidity and high redox capability. More importantly, highly dispersed MnOx easily formed on the surface of the LBC‐OH support, which was the key factor in the excellent catalytic activity of 25%Mn/LBC‐OH catalyst. Furthermore, the highly dispersed 25%Mn/LBC‐OH catalyst also exhibited improved tolerance to SO2 and H2O, making this catalyst a good candidate for reducing the NOx emission from coal‐fired power plants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
68Ga‐nitroimidazole PET/CT imaging of hypoxia in tuberculosis: A case series
Authors: Bresser Philippa L , Reed Janet , Sathekge Mike M , Vorster Mariza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) lesions in humans have been proven to be severely hypoxic with hypoxia leading to latency and dormancy of disease. Dormant TB lesions become less susceptible to standard TB treatment regimens with varying responses to treatment but may have increased susceptibility to nitroimidazole drugs. This in turn implies that positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with radiolabelled nitroimidazoles may identify patients who will benefit from treatment with antimicrobial agents that are active against anaerobic bacteria. This case series aims to highlight the hypoxic uptake and retention of a novel 68Ga‐labelled hypoxia‐seeking agent in TB lesions at different time points during anti‐TB therapy using PET/CT imaging. Patients with confirmed TB underwent whole‐body PET/CT after administration of a 68Ga‐nitroimidazole derivative at baseline and follow‐up. Images were analysed both qualitatively and semi‐quantitatively. Hypoxic uptake and change in uptake over time were analysed using lesion‐to‐muscle ratio (LMR) and lesion‐to‐blood ratio (LBR). 68Ga‐nitroimidazole avid lesions were demonstrated most frequently in the upper lobes of the lung. Low‐grade hypoxic uptake was visualised in areas of consolidation, cavitation, nodules and lymph nodes. From baseline to follow‐up imaging, the LMR increased with persistent hypoxic load despite morphologic improvement. This case series highlights the dynamic hypoxic microenvironment in TB lesions. From these initial data, it appears that 68Ga‐nitroimidazole is a promising candidate for monitoring hypoxic load in patients diagnosed with TB. Such imaging could identify patients who would benefit from individualised therapy targeting other mechanisms in the TB microenvironment with the intention to predict or improve treatment response.
Efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in chronic heart failure
Authors: Oya Tomonori , Sato Junya , Maezawa Kayoko , Shiba Nobuyuki , Takeda Morihiko , Momose Yasuyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy and safety of tolvaptan (TLV) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are unclear.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan (TLV) versus conventional therapy, primarily furosemide (FRM). In addition, the effect of the nutritional status on the efficacy of TLV was evaluated.MethodThis retrospective study included patients with CHF who were hospitalised and treated between March 2015 and February 2019, including 51 patients in the FRM group and 63 patients in the TLV group.ResultWeight loss did not differ between the FRM and TLV groups (−2.1 ± 2.1 kg vs −1.5 ± 3.5 kg, p = 0.250). After 7 days, the change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly smaller in the FRM group (56.5 ± 22.2 vs 51.9 ± 20.0 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in serum sodium (Na) levels between days 0 and 7 in the FRM group (138.8 ± 5.2 vs 139.2 ± 3.9 mEq/L, p = 0.487). However, the serum Na level was significantly increased in the TLV group (138.4 ± 5.0 mEq/L vs 139.4 ± 4.0 mEq/L, p = 0.047). There was no significant correlation between weight loss due to diuresis and the objective prognostic nutritional index in either group.ConclusionIn hyponatremic patients with CHF, TLV may be more effective than FRM in slowing the course of renal damage and elevating serum Na levels; however, nutritional indices may not be necessary to consider while administering TLV.
Qualitative identification of mature milk adulteration in bovine colostrum using noise‐reduced dielectric spectra and linear model
Authors: An Changqing , Yang Ke , Zhu Jieliang , Guo Wenchuan , Lu Chang , Zhu Xinhua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe rapid and accurate identification of colostrum, a strong non‐homogeneous food, remains a challenge. In the present study, the dielectric spectra including the dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (ε″) of 154 colostrum samples adulterated with 0–50% mature milk were measured from 20 to 4500 MHz.RESULTSThe results showed that the noise‐reducing spectral preprocessing, including Savitzky–Golay (S‐G), second derivative (SD), and S‐G + SD, was significantly better than scattering‐eliminating, including standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and SNV + MSC. The combination of S‐G and SD was the best. Principal component analysis results demonstrated that dielectric spectroscopy is less susceptible to the inhomogeneity of colostrum and can be used to identify doped colostrum. The identification performance of linear models was better than that of non‐linear models. The established linear discriminant analysis model based on full spectra had the best accuracy rates of 99.14% and 97.37% in the calibration and validation sets, respectively. Confirmatory tests on samples from different sources confirmed the satisfactory robustness of the proposed model.CONCLUSIONWe found that the main unfavorable effect on the identification based on dielectric spectroscopy was noise interference, rather than scattering effect caused by inhomogeneity of colostrum. The satisfactory results undoubtedly cast light on rapid detection of strongly non‐homogeneous foods based on dielectric spectroscopy. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synergistic antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants in Brunei Darussalam and its application in developing fortified pasta
Authors: Tashim Najeebah Az‐Zahra , Lim Syazana Abdullah , Basri Aida Maryam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDeveloping functional foods by utilizing plants can often lead to compromised sensory properties. Thus this study investigates the combination of plants to produce synergistic effects and to incorporate these plant powders into a pasta formulation without affecting its sensory acceptance. Six common Brunei medicinal plants were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity determined by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (IC50), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenziazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. Aqueous extracts of Amaranthus tricolor, Breynia androgyna, Manihot esculenta, Polygonum minus, Apium graveolens and Coriandrum sativum were prepared.RESULTSBreynia androgyna had the highest FRAP value of 74.3 ± 5.33 mg g−1 ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE), with DPPH IC50 antioxidant activity of 70.3 ± 3.14 μg mL−1 and ABTS scavenging activity of 44.0 ± 2.80 mg g−1 AAE. This correlates well with the total flavonoid, flavonol and phenolic content (50.5 mg g−1 gallic acid equivalents (GAE), 50.6 mg g−1 GAE and 24.3 mg g−1 GAE, respectively). Plant species powders were combined in pairs and evaluated for their synergistic antioxidant properties. With potential synergistic plant mixtures, fortification of these mixtures into functional food can be developed to improve its overall antioxidant capacity. Based on the synergistic IC50 results of these mixtures, three fortified pastas were formulated by incorporating selected plant powder combinations of Amaranthus tricolor + P. minus, Apium graveolens + P. minus, and P. minus + B. androgyna into wheat pasta at 1:100 (w/w).CONCLUSIONFortification of pasta with the plant powder blends resulted a significant increase in DPPH antioxidant activity, while successfully maintaining indistinguishable features from the control pasta, including minimal cooking loss, agreeable measure of cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness, with good overall sensory acceptability. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The exponent of the non‐abelian tensor square and related constructions ofp‐groups
Authors: Bastos Raimundo , de Melo Emerson , Gonçalves Nathália , Monetta Carmine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLetGbe a finitep‐group. In this paper we obtain bounds for the exponent of the non‐abelian tensor square and a certain extension of by . In particular, we bound in terms of and whenGadmits some specific normal subgroupN. We also establish bounds for in terms of and either the nilpotency class or the coclass of the groupG, improving some existing bounds.
Rapid Geometry‐Corrected Echo‐Planar Diffusion Imaging at Ultrahigh Field: Fusing View Angle Tilting and Point‐Spread Function Mapping
Authors: Tung Yi‐Hang , In Myung‐Ho , Ahn Sinyeob , Speck Oliver 
Published: June 2022

PurposeSevere geometric distortions induced by tissue susceptibility, water–fat chemical shift, and eddy currents pose a substantial obstacle in single‐shot EPI, especially for high‐resolution imaging at ultrahigh field. View angle tilting (VAT)‐EPI can mitigate in‐plane distortion. However, the accompanied strong image blurring prevented its widespread applications. On the other hand, point‐spread function mapping (PSF)‐EPI can correct distortion and blurring accurately but requires prolonged scan time. We present fused VAT‐PSF‐EPI and possibilities for acceleration.MethodsMR signal equations were explicitly derived to quantify image blurring in VAT‐EPI and the maximum acceleration capacity in VAT‐PSF‐EPI. To validate the theoretical prediction, phantom measurements with varying in‐plane parallel imaging factors, slice thicknesses, and RF pulses were conducted at 7 Tesla. In addition, in vivo human brain scans were acquired with T2 and diffusion weighting to assess distortion and blurring correction.ResultsVAT can effectively suppress distortion, and the introduced image blurring is corrected through PSF encoding. Up to fourfold acceleration (only 5 shots) in VAT‐PSF‐EPI was achieved compared with standard PSF‐EPI without VAT. VAT‐induced signal loss was mitigated by adjusting the sequence parameters and EPI resolution. In vivo T2‐weighted EPI data with 1.4 mm3 resolution demonstrate immunity to water–fat chemical shift‐induced distortion. Very high‐spatial resolution diffusion‐weighted EPI (0.7 × 0.7 × 2.8 mm3 and 1.2 mm3) demonstrates the immunity to eddy current‐induced distortion.ConclusionVAT‐PSF‐EPI is a novel spin‐echo EPI‐based sequence for fast high‐resolution diffusion imaging at ultrahigh field.
Factors associated with increased health‐related quality‐of‐life benefits in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy patients treated with inotersen
Authors: Karam Chafic , Brown Duncan , Yang Min , Done Nicolae , Dieye Ibou , Bozas Ana , Vera Llonch Montserrat , Signorovitch James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsHereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv‐PN) is a genetic condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this study we aimed to identify patient subgroups exhibiting the greatest health‐related quality of life (HRQL) benefit from inotersen treatment.MethodsWe examined data from the inotersen phase 2/3 randomized, controlled trial for ATTRv‐PN, NEURO‐TTR (NCT01737398, 66 weeks). LASSO regression models predicted changes in Norfolk QoL‐DN total score (TQoL, range −4 to 136; higher scores indicate poorer HRQL) from baseline in the inotersen and placebo arm, respectively. Individualized efficacy scores (ES) were calculated as differences between predicted change scores had patients received inotersen vs placebo. Patients were ranked by ES to define the greatest‐benefit subpopulation (top 50%). Characteristics of the top 50% and bottom 50% of patients were compared.ResultsThe overall mean ± standard deviation TQoL change was −0.20 ± 19.13 for inotersen (indicating no change) and 10.77 ± 21.13 for placebo (indicating deterioration). Within the highest‐benefit patients, mean TQoL change was −11.03 ± 17.06 (improvement) for inotersen and 11.24 ± 22.97 (deterioration) for placebo (P < .001). Compared with the overall population, patients in the greatest‐benefit subpopulation were younger, more likely to have polyneuropathy disability (PND) scores 1 or 2, less likely to have received prior tafamidis or diflunisal treatment, and more likely to have Val30Met mutations and higher (worse) baseline TQoL.ConclusionsPatients who were younger and/or at earlier polyneuropathy stages experienced greater HRQL benefits from inotersen over 66 weeks. These findings underscore the need for early diagnosis and treatment initiation, especially among more severely affected patients in early stages of ATTRv‐PN.
Complementary food introduction practices in infants with intestinal failure
Authors: Nucci Anita M. , Samela Kate , Bobo Elizabeth , Wessel Jacqueline ,   the ASPEN Pediatric Intestinal Failure Section
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral intake in infants with intestinal failure (IF) may be limited due to intolerance or feeding difficulties. Guidelines for the introduction of semisolid or solid complementary foods (CFs) to infants with IF do not exist. CF intake and caloric contribution from CF is difficult to assess due to malabsorption and incomplete recording. The aim of this study was to identify institutional approaches to introducing CF to infants with IF.MethodsThe American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutriton (ASPEN) Pediatric Intestinal Failure Section Registered Dietitian/Nutritionist (RDN) working group designed a 10‐question online cloud‐based survey to assess group member practice related to the introduction of CF to infants with IF.ResultsTwenty‐six surveys were completed. Thirteen (50%) RDNs recommend introduction of CF between 4 and 6 months of age. Nineteen (76%) recommend adding pureed foods to gastrostomy tube feedings. Seventeen (65%) follow standard infant feeding practice guidelines with half citing the American Academy of Pediatrics. Approximately half (44%) recommend introducing vegetables first and the majority (80%) recommend delaying the introduction of fruits. The vast majority (92%) recommend specific foods to minimize stool output including green beans, bananas, infant cereals, and meats/protein.ConclusionInstitutional practices related to the introduction of CF to infants with IF vary. Similarities with first food choice and foods to avoid were observed. Evidenced‐based practice guidelines for the introduction of CF to infants with IF need to be established to determine best practices for reducing stool output, encouraging weaning from parenteral nutrition, and achieving enteral autonomy.