bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing a pilot co-operative-based workshop-subsidy model toward improving small-scale chicken production in peri-urban Nepal
Authors: Acosta Sarai , Chen Ruby , Nhemaphuki Sunita , Khanal Damber , Cadena Myrna , Pitesky Maurice , Erbstein Nancy , Niemeier Deb 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Farmers in Nepal face many of the same global challenges associated with initiating and scaling poultry husbandry as many other developing countries. These include access to innovative approaches in finance, credit, coop design, marketing, and sales. As with most low-income countries, Nepalese poultry farmers also lack adequate training in poultry husbandry including biosecurity. In this paper, we describe a collaborative workshop-subsidy approach to addressing these challenges conducted by a partnership with the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, the College of Engineering, the School of Education, and a farming co-operative based in the semi-rural area of Bhaktapur, Nepal. The program included two workshops covering aspects of poultry rearing including coop construction, chick rearing, biosecurity, and husbandry. Both workshops were a combination of lectures and hands-on learning. Following completion of the workshops, each farmer received subsidized materials for coop construction and poultry rearing. The co-operative provided training facilities and a market for selling eggs. Despite an outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), which affected the scale of program implementation, our results suggest that the workshop subsidy collaborative approach can be successful in reducing market entry barriers. Our 6-mo post-workshop survey showed that two-thirds of the workshop participants ultimately built their own coop and raised chicks. Half of these participants reported market available egg production and a doubling of egg consumption at home.
The characterization of multiple novel paramyxoviruses highlights the diverse nature of the subfamilyOrthoparamyxovirinae
Authors: Vanmechelen Bert , Meurs Sien , Horemans Marie , Loosen Arne , Joly Maes Tibe , Laenen Lies , Vergote Valentijn , Koundouno Fara Raymond , Magassouba N’Faly , Konde Mandy Kader , Condé Ibrahima Sory , Carroll Miles W , Maes Piet 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae is a group of single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses that contains many human, animal, and zoonotic pathogens. While there are currently only forty-two recognized species in this subfamily, recent research has revealed that much of its diversity remains to be characterized. Using a newly developed nested PCR-based screening assay, we report here the discovery of fifteen orthoparamyxoviruses in rodents and shrews from Belgium and Guinea, thirteen of which are believed to represent new species. Using a combination of nanopore and sanger sequencing, complete genomes could be determined for almost all these viruses, enabling a detailed evaluation of their genome characteristics. While most viruses are thought to belong to the rapidly expanding genus Jeilongvirus, we also identify novel members of the genera Narmovirus, Henipavirus, and Morbillivirus. Together with other recently discovered orthoparamyxoviruses, both henipaviruses and the morbillivirus discovered here appear to form distinct rodent-/shrew-borne clades within their respective genera, clustering separately from all currently classified viruses. In the case of the henipaviruses, a comparison of the different members of this clade revealed the presence of a secondary conserved open reading frame, encoding for a transmembrane protein, within the F gene, the biological relevance of which remains to be established. While the characteristics of the viruses described here shed further light on the complex evolutionary origin of paramyxoviruses, they also illustrate that the diversity of this group of viruses in terms of genome organization appears to be much larger than previously assumed.
Use of Outcome Measures by Certified Lymphedema Therapists With Survivors of Breast Cancer With Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema
Authors: Doubblestein David Aaron , Spinelli Bryan A. , Goldberg Allon , Larson Cathy A. , Yorke Amy M. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Survivors of breast cancer (SBC) with breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) have demonstrated neuromusculoskeletal restrictions, sensorimotor impairments, postural instability, and balance deficits. To date, there have been no studies that investigate outcome measures (OMs) used by certified lymphedema therapists (CLTs) with SBC with BCRL.

Objective:
The purposes of this study were to (1) determine types of OMs used and their frequency of use by CLTs with SBC with BCRL and their differences between therapy professions, and (2) identify unique characteristic predictors for use of OMs.

Methods:
Cross-sectional online survey research design. Electronic surveys were distributed to CLTs from various institutions. Data from 70 physical therapists (PTs) and 41 occupational therapists were analyzed from 130 completed surveys.

Results:
Sixteen OMs used most often assessed joint function, flexibility, strength, pain, volume, sensation, tissue consistency, body composition, health-related quality of life, and upper quadrant function. There were differences between PTs and occupational therapists in use of OMs. Lymphology Association of North America certification, practice setting, and profession (physical therapy and occupational therapy) predicted the use of some OMs.

Conclusions:
This study identified individual OMs used on SBC with BCRL in clinical practice among interdisciplinary CLTs. The number of OMs used to assess body functions and structures exceed those OMs for activities and participation, which may be influenced by CLT profession, Lymphology Association of North America certification, and level of highest degree.
Does Hip Fracture Admitting Service Affect Proper Deep Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis? An Investigation at a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Diedring Ben , Knapp Paul , Bandovic Ivan , Druskovich Katherine , Waldron Jacob , Denisiuk Marek , Frisch Nicholas , Afsari Alan , Hayward Richard , Best Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To examine if rates of appropriate thromboprophylaxis prescribing at the time of discharge would be higher in patients admitted to the orthopaedic service. Second, to see if improvements could be made in the rates of these missed events after a structured intervention.

Design:
Retrospective Cohort Study, Prospective Interventional.

Setting:
Level 1 Academic Hospital.

Patients:
Two hundred forty-six patients undergoing a hip hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture discharged to an extended care facility.

Intervention:
A letter was sent to the internal quality control committee detailing our preintervention study.

Main Outcome Measure:
We looked at the differences among admitting services for missed thromboembolic prophylaxis (TPx) at the time of hospital discharge and rates of appropriate TPx after a structured intervention.

Results:
No statistically significant differences existed in relation to patient age, gender, body mass index, or postoperative discharge day in the preintervention group. Orthopaedic surgery prescribed adequate TPx at discharge for 76 of 77 patients (98.7%), general trauma surgery for 26 of 30 patients (86.7%), and internal medicine for 85 of 96 patients (86.7%) in the preintervention group. There was a statistically significant difference when comparing adequate TPx between orthopaedic surgery and other services (P < 0.013 and <0.021, respectively). Our postintervention data found a significant decrease in the rates of missed TPx on discharge. In our preintervention sample group compared with our postintervention sample group, we saw a decrease in missed TPx of 5/39 versus 0/43 events (P = 0.021).

Conclusions:
We found that a letter sent to all members of a hospital internal quality committee decreased incidences of missed TPx. Specifically, this letter explained the details of our study that kept track of rates of missed TPx among different admitting services. We found that after our intervention, which consisted of a letter and a multidisciplinary discussion, the rate of missed thromboembolic prophylaxis events improved from 5/39 (12%) to 0/43 (0%) (P = 0.021).

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Exploring Virtual Teaching Approaches Among Pediatricians During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Virtual Ethnographic Study
Authors: Rashid Marghalara , Nguyen Julie , Foulds Jessica L. , Forgie Sarah E. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Canadian postsecondary institutions were forced to rely on online teaching to comply with physical distancing recommendations. This sole reliance on virtual methods to deliver synchronous teaching sessions in medical education was novel. We found little empirical research examining pediatric educators' experiences. Hence, the objective of our study was to describe and gain a deeper understanding of pediatric educators' perspectives, focusing on the research question, “How is synchronous virtual teaching impacting and transforming teaching experiences of pediatricians during a pandemic?”Methods:A virtual ethnography was conducted guided by an online collaborative learning theory. This approach used both interviews and online field observations to obtain objective descriptions and subjective understandings of the participants' experiences while teaching virtually. Pediatric educators (clinical and academic faculty) from our institution were recruited using purposeful sampling and invited to participate in individual phone interviews and online teaching observations. Data were recorded and transcribed, and a thematic analysis was conducted.Results:Fifteen frontline pediatric teachers from our large Canadian research-intensive university were recruited. Four main themes, with subthemes, emerged: (1) the love/hate relationship with the virtual shift; (2) self-imposed pressure to increase virtual engagement; (3) looking back, moving forward; (4) accelerated adaptation and enhanced collaboration.Conclusion:Pediatricians adopted new delivery methods quickly and found many efficiencies and opportunities in this shift. Continued use of virtual teaching will lead to increased collaboration, enhanced student engagement strategies, and blending the advantages of virtual and face-to-face learning.
CD8+ T-cell responses in HIV controllers: potential implications for novel HIV remission strategies
Authors: Rutishauser Rachel L. , Trautmann Lydie 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of reviewImmunological studies of spontaneous HIV and simian virus (SIV) controllers have identified virus-specific CD8+ T cells as a key immune mechanism of viral control. The purpose of this review is to consider how knowledge about the mechanisms that are associated with CD8+ T cell control of HIV/SIV in natural infection can be harnessed in HIV remission strategies.Recent findingsWe discuss characteristics of CD8+ T-cell responses that may be critical for suppressing HIV replication in spontaneous controllers comprising HIV antigen recognition including specific human leukocyte antigen types, broadly cross-reactive T cell receptors and epitope targeting, enhanced expansion and antiviral functions, and localization of virus-specific T cells near sites of reservoir persistence. We also discuss the need to better understand the timing of CD8+ T-cell responses associated with viral control of HIV/SIV during acute infection and after treatment interruption as well as the mechanisms by which HIV/SIV-specific CD8+ T cells coordinate with other immune responses to achieve control.SummaryWe propose implications as to how this knowledge from natural infection can be applied in the design and evaluation of CD8+ T-cell-based remission strategies and offer questions to consider as these strategies target distinct CD8+ T-cell-dependent mechanisms of viral control.
Study of Low-Dose Radiation Workers Ionizing Radiation Sensitivity Index and Radiation Dose-Effect Relationship
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhang Rong , Li Ye , Wu Xiao Qin , Niu Li Mei , Liu Yin Yin , Zhang Xue 
Published: June 2022

Background
In the present study, we analyzed radiation injuries to Chinese workers exposed to low-dose radiation. We discuss the relationships between dose and injury.

Methods
This study randomly selected 976 radiation workers who underwent occupational health monitoring. The radiation workers were divided into 5 different types of work: radiation diagnosis, radiation therapy, interventional therapy, nuclear medicine, and industrial inspection. This research was approved by the Bioethics Committee at the Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Results
The average annual cumulative dose to interventional radiation workers was the highest, i.e., 0.86 mSv. The detection rate of lens opacity was 37%, but 99.70% of lens opacities occurred in the peripheral cortex. Posterior subcapsular opacification was detected less than 1.00% of the time. The rate of chromosomal aberrations was highest for radiological workers with more than 20 years of service. Annual cumulative dose reached 2.04 mSv, and the monitoring dose for 3 months was as high as 1.62 mSv. Dicentric chromosomes were also detected. The manual packaging and drug delivery nuclear medicine staffs totaled 14 individuals. 131131 was detected in the thyroids of 4 workers (28.57%). The detection rate of thyroid 131I was higher in the hand-packed and administered group than in the automatic administration group.

Conclusion
Radiation workers exposed to low doses of radiation can sustain injuries. Interventional radiology workers receive the highest doses and sustain the most significant effects. This study suggests that chromosome aberration analysis is an important index in occupational health monitoring of radiological workers. Monitoring of internal radiation exposure cannot be ignored for nuclear medicine staff.
Specific Absorbed Fractions for Spontaneous Fission Neutron Emitters in the ICRP Reference Pediatric Voxel Phantom Series
Authors: Griffin Keith T. , Eckerman Keith F. , Manger Ryan P. , Jokisch Derek W. , Bolch Wesley E. , Hertel Nolan E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Specific absorbed fractions (SAFs) are key components in the workflow of internal exposure assessment following the intake of a radionuclide, allowing quick conversion of particle energy released in a source region to the expected absorbed dose in target regions throughout the body. For data completeness, SAFs for spontaneous fission neutron emitters are currently needed for the recently adopted ICRP reference pediatric voxel phantom series. With 77 source regions within each reference individual and 28 radionuclides decaying via spontaneous fission, full Monte Carlo simulation requires significant computation time. In order to reduce this burden, a novel method for neutron SAF estimation was undertaken. The Monte Carlo N-Particle version 6.1 (MCNP6) simulation package was chosen to simulate the 252Cf Watt fission neutron spectrum originating from 15 source regions in each phantom; dose estimation within 41 target tissues allowed for assessment of the SAF value for each source-target pair. For the remaining source regions, chord length distributions were computed using MATLAB code to determine the separation between the source-target pairs within the pediatric phantom series. These distance distributions were used in conjunction with a 252Cf neutron dose point kernel calculated in soft tissue, which was modified to account for the source region’s depth from the surface of the body. Lastly, the 252Cf SAF dataset was extended to the other 27 spontaneous fission neutron emitters based on differences in the Watt fission spectrum parameters of each radionuclide. This methodology has been shown to accurately estimate spontaneous fission neutron SAFs to within 20% of the Monte Carlo estimated value for most source-target pairs in the ICRP reference pediatric series.
Pilot Study of Thoron Concentration in an Underground Thorium Mine
Authors: Lindsay R. , Mngonyama S. , Molahlehi P. , Ngwadla X. E. , Ramonnye G. J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Steenkampskraal mine in the Western Cape Province in South Africa provides some interesting challenges for radiation protection practitioners in view of the high thoron values encountered in this mine. The mine contains high natural thorium concentrations that lead to high thoron activity concentrations, as will be shown in this paper. The influence of ventilation has been studied, and the source term has been investigated by considering the thorium content of the rocks and the thoron exhalation. The thoron activity concentrations are around 10 kBq m−3 at a monazite seam, and the thorium exhalation is consistent with these levels. The thoron concentrations can be reduced by ventilation but not eliminated. However, the thoron progeny can probably be reduced dramatically. Issues that affect the thoron levels are also discussed. Further studies are needed, but the thoron may well not be a radiation protection problem despite the high thoron concentrations.
Effect of Omega-3 on HLA-DR Expression by Conjunctival Cells and Tear Cytokine Concentrations in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study
Authors: Roy Neeta S. , Yu Yinxi , Ying Gui-Shuang , Maguire Maureen G. , Asbell Penny A. ,   for the DREAM Study Group
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To determine effect of omega-3 supplementation on conjunctival cell HLA-DR expression and tear concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α in dry eye disease patients in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management study.

Methods:
Patients were randomized to receive a daily dose of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (ω3) or refined olive oil (placebo) for 12 months. At baseline, 6 and 12 months, HLA-DR expression in conjunctival total, epithelial, and white blood cells and cytokine concentration in tears were determined. Differences in change from baseline between treatment groups were assessed using generalized estimating equations (HLA-DR) or Wilcoxon rank–sum test (cytokines).

Results:
No differences were observed in HLA-DR expression in total, epithelial, or white blood cells between ω3 and placebo groups at 6 months (n=435) or 12 months (n=436). The median concentration percent change differed between ω3 and placebo groups at 6 months for IL-6 (−36.6 vs. 24.5%, P=0.02, n=75) and for IL-8 (3.7% vs. 72.6%, P=0.02, n=68); at 12 months, they did not differ (P≥0.18). No other differences between the treatment groups were detected.

Conclusions:
ω3 supplementation did not consistently affect ocular inflammatory status as measured by the frequency of HLA-DR expressing conjunctival cells or tear cytokines.
Coexistence of submandibular epithelioid angiosarcoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Liu Yi-Ting , Wang Jing , Sui Yan-Xia , Zhao Dong-Li 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Reports on the coexistence of epithelioid angiosarcoma (EA) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are rare. Over the past 50 years, only 2 cases of coexistence of EA and PTC have been reported in English literature. Therefore, we report a rare case of coexistence of EA and PTC treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy.

Patient concerns:
A 64-year-old man visited our hospital with a painless mass in the left submandibular gland, with poor mobility.

Diagnosis:
Neck ultrasonography revealed nodules in the left submandibular gland and multiple cystic-solid mixed nodules in the left thyroid gland. Pathological findings revealed coexistence of EA in the left submandibular gland area and PTC in the left thyroid gland.

Interventions:
The patient underwent resection of the left submandibular gland, deep maxillofacial tumor, total thyroidectomy, left neck I, II, III, and VI regional lymph node dissection, and recurrent laryngeal nerve exploration under general anesthesia. Two months postoperatively, the patient also received adjuvant radiation therapy in the local and adjacent areas, with 4MV-X IMRT DT50GY at 2Gy/day 25 fractions.

Outcomes:
The follow-up period was 37 months. The patient recovered well without focal neurological deficits, local recurrence, or distant metastasis after surgery, except for grade I skin reaction after adjuvant radiation therapy.

Conclusions:
This is a rare case report of the coexistence of EA in the left submandibular gland and PTC in the left thyroid gland. Although multiple examinations were used, precise preoperative diagnosis was challenging owing to the coexistence of EA and PTC. Surgery and radiotherapy were effective treatments for the coexistence of EA and PTC in this case.
Role of tyrosine kinase inhibitor in chronic myeloid leukemia patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A narrative Review
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Amir Muhammad , Hussain Abrar , Achakzai Niaz M. , Natesan Pushparaj Peter , Rasool Mahmood 
Published: June 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a novel coronavirus-2 (CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, has spread rapidly worldwide since it is recognized as a public health emergency and has now been declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization.
The genome of SARS-CoV-2 comprises a single-stranded positive-sense RNA approximately 27 to 30 kb in size. The virus is transmitted through droplets from humans to humans. Infection with the SARS virus varies from asymptomatic to lethal, such as fever, cough, sore throat, and headache, but in severe cases, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Recently, no specific and effective treatment has been recommended for patients infected with the SARS virus. However, several options can be investigated to control SARS-CoV-2 infection, including monoclonal antibodies, interferons, therapeutic vaccines, and molecular-based targeted drugs.
In the current review, we focus on tyrosine kinase inhibitor management and their protective role in SARS-CoV-2 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Temporal trend of mortality and hospitalization for chronic kidney disease in adults from Northern Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Alliny Sales , de Abreu Luiz Carlos , Morais Mauro Jose de Deus , Leitao Francisco Naildo Cardoso , do Amaral Gardenia Lima Gurgel , de Sousa Santos Edige Felipe , do Souto Ricardo Peres 
Published: June 2022

We aimed to evaluate mortality and hospital admissions for chronic kidney disease in young adults according to sex and state in the northern region of Brazil, between 1996 and 2017. A population-based time series study using official data on mortality and hospital admissions due to chronic kidney disease in individuals aged 20 to 49 years old, residents of the northern region of Brazil, in the periods 1996–2017 and to 2008–2017, respectively. Chronic kidney disease was defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (N18).
The evolution of mortality from chronic kidney disease decreased by 0.881% per year over the period (1996–2017). In the states of Acre and Amapá, there was a reduction of 5.85% and –5.68% per year, respectively, and in Tocantins, an increase of 4.16% per year. The incidence of hospitalization did not vary between 2008 and 2017. However, 2 states showed an increase in hospitalization rates: Acre (6.08% per year) and Pará (2.83% per year), and 2 states showed a reduction: Amazonas (5.09% per year) and Tocantins (6.23% per year).
In general, there was decrease in mortality rate overtime. However, rate of mortality due to chronic kidney disease increased in the state of Tocantins. The evolution of hospitalization due to chronic kidney disease in a population of young adults remained stationary.