bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and simulation analysis of fatigue life of aluminum 6061-T6 alloy
Authors: Jain Nitesh , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
The majority of machine component failures are caused by load conditions that change with time. Under those circumstances, the component can function effectively for a long time but then breaks down unexpectedly and without warning. Therefore, the study of fatigue considerations in design becomes important. Also, to determine the component's long-term tenability, fatigue behavior must be investigated. This paper aims to investigate the fatigue life of aluminum 6061-T6 alloy under uniaxial loading using experiments and finite element simulation.

Design/methodology/approach
Both base metal (BM) and friction stir welding (FSW) configurations have been used to analyze fatigue behavior. The experimental tests were carried out using Instron-8801 hydraulic fatigue testing machine at frequency of 20 Hz and load ratio of 0.1. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, amplitude stress and fatigue life were used as input in simulation analysis software. Based on the findings of the tensile test, the maximum stress applied during the fatigue testing was estimated. Simulated and experimental results were also used to plot and validate the S-N curves. The fracture behavior of specimens was also examined using fractographic analysis.

Findings
The fractured surfaces indicate both brittle and ductile failure in the specimens. However, dimples dominated during the final fracture. The comparison between experimental and simulation results illustrates that the difference in fatigue cycles increases with an increase in the yield strength of both BM and FSWed specimens. This disparity is attributed to many factors such as scratches, rough surfaces and microstructural behavior. Aluminum 6061-T6 alloy is considered a noteworthy material where high strength with reduced weight contributes to the crash-worthy design of automobile structures.

Originality/value
The current study is significant in the prediction of the fatigue life of aluminum 6061-T6 alloy using experiments and simulation analysis. A good correlation was found when the experimental and simulation analysis were compared. The proposed simulation analysis approach can be used to anticipate a component's fatigue life.
World society and field theory: The infiltration of development into humanitarianism
Authors: Rotem Nir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDifferentiated modern society is commonly viewed as an aggregation of various fields, yet the question of their boundaries is often a silent one. This article builds on this lacuna to argue that cultural globalization should be acknowledged and added to the equation. Drawing from two distinct branches of the sociology of knowledge, Bourdieusian field theory and Meyer’s world society, an integrative approach is presented here. It rests on three propositions: scriptwriting is related to fields; script may be diffused into other fields; and a global taken for granted can emerge. With an eye toward the humanitarian‐development nexus, the article examines the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (established in 1950). Utilizing archival materials, changes the organization underwent, and the transfer of knowledge from the development field are documented. The article argues that resistance to the diffusion of social knowledge may occur, but some shared understanding is nonetheless gained.
The relationship between craving and insular morphometry in regular cocaine users: Does sex matter?
Authors: Abdel Malek George S. , Goudriaan Anna E. , Kaag Anne Marije 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile it has been suggested that cocaine use and relapse in women is more strongly related to stress‐relief craving, whereas cocaine use in men is more strongly related to reward craving, the neural mechanisms that underlie these differences are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate sex‐dependent differences in insular morphometry and associations with craving, in a sample of regular cocaine users (CUs) and non‐drug using controls (non‐CUs). It was hypothesized that insular volume, thickness and surface area would be lower in CU women, compared with CU men and non‐CUs. It was furthermore hypothesized that insular morphometry, particularly insular thickness, would be negatively associated to reward craving in CU men, while being negatively associated with stress‐relief craving in CU women. In contrast to the hypothesis, we did not find evidence of sex‐specific differences in insular morphometry in CUs. However, sex‐specific association between stress‐relief craving and insular morphometry were found: Right insular volume was negatively associated with stress‐relief craving in CU women, whereas this association was positive in CU men. Additionally, right insular surface area was negatively associated with stress‐relief craving in cocaine‐using men, whereas this association was positive in cocaine‐using women. In conclusion, the current study provides first evidence of sex‐specific differences in the association between craving and insular morphometry in a sample of regular cocaine users. Although speculative, these sex‐specific alterations in insular morphometry may underlie higher stress‐induced craving and relapse in CU women compared with CU men.
Time‐resolving characterization of molecular weight retention changes among three synthetic high‐flux dialyzers
Authors: Zawada Adam M. , Melchior Pascal , Schall Christian , Erlenkötter Ansgar , Lang Thomas , Keller Torsten , Stauss‐Grabo Manuela , Kennedy James P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundToxin removal capacity (i.e., performance) of a dialyzer is not constant but diminishes during treatment, as the adsorption of proteins to the membrane provides an additional barrier to uremic solutes. We investigated time‐resolving molecular weight retention changes among synthetic high‐flux dialyzers and compared the results with recent data from a randomized controlled trial.MethodsIn plasma recirculation experiments over 240 min, sieving coefficients (SC) for β2‐microglobulin, myoglobin, and albumin were determined for the FX CorAL (Fresenius Medical Care), ELISIO (Nipro), and xevonta (B. Braun). Molecular weight retention (MWR) curves were generated and the shifts over 120 min were characterized. Effective pore radius was determined, and the predicted albumin loss was compared with clinical data.ResultsSC decreased over time for all dialyzers (mean relative decrease across all dialyzers: β2‐microglobulin: 8.0% (120 min); myoglobin: 56.6% (240 min); albumin: 94.1% (240 min)). FX CorAL (7.3%, 52.6% and 91.1%) and ELISIO (7.7%, 51.0%, and 93.8%) showed a lower decrease than xevonta (9.0%, 66.2%, and 97.4%). For all dialyzers, MWR curves shifted toward lower molecular weight, with the lowest shift for FX CorAL (by 0.23 nm at SC50%, 120 min) and highest for xevonta (0.50 nm). FX CorAL had the highest slope over time and the smallest decrease in the effective pore radius (2 min: 2.31 nm, 120 min: 2.08 nm). Predicted albumin loss over 4 h was highest for xevonta (609.3 mg) and comparable between ELISIO (283.6 mg) and FX CorAL (313.3 mg).ConclusionsSubstantial differences in the temporal performance profile of dialyzers exist. The present approach allows the characterization of dialyzer permeability changes over time using standard, clinically relevant protein markers.
Screening Methods for Linear Errors-in-Variables Models in High Dimensions
Authors: Nghiem Linh H. , Hui Francis K.C. , Müller Samuel , Welsh A.H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicroarray studies, in order to identify genes associated with an outcome of interest, usually produce noisy measurements for a large number of gene expression features from a small number of subjects. One common approach to analyzing such high-dimensional data is to use linear errors-in-variables (EIV) models; however, current methods for fitting such models are computationally expensive. In this paper, we present two efficient screening procedures, namely, corrected penalized marginal screening (PMSc) and corrected sure independence screening (SISc), to reduce the number of variables for final model building. Both screening procedures are based on fitting corrected marginal regression models relating the outcome to each contaminated covariate separately, which can be computed efficiently even with a large number of features. Under mild conditions, we show that these procedures achieve screening consistency and reduce the number of features substantially, even when the number of covariates grows exponentially with sample size. In addition, if the true covariates are weakly correlated, we show that PMSc can achieve full variable selection consistency. Through a simulation study and an analysis of gene expression data for bone mineral density of Norwegian women, we demonstrate that the two new screening procedures make estimation of linear EIV models computationally scalable in high-dimensional settings, and improve finite sample estimation and selection performance compared with estimators that do not employ a screening stage.
Detection and characterization of low-level mosaicism among clinically unaffected parents of ‘sporadic’ epidermolysis bullosa simplex cases
Authors: Chen Fuying , Deng Dan , Pan Chaolan , Yao Zhirong , Gu Yan , Li Ming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, two (18.2%) clinically unaffected parents from 11 trios were identified with mosaic KRT14 variants.To our knowledge, this is the first report to study the proportion of low-level mosaicism in the clinically unaffected parents whose children were previously regarded as sporadic EBS cases.
Guideline for the first‐line management of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma — A British Society for Haematology guideline
Authors: Follows George A. , Barrington Sally F. , Bhuller Kaljit S. , Culligan Dominic J. , Cutter David J. , Gallop‐Evans Eve , Kassam Shireen , Osborne Wendy , Sadullah Shalal , Townsend William , Uttenthal Benjamin J. , Collins Graham P. ,   British Society for Haematology
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis guideline was compiled according to the British Society for Haematology (BSH) process at BSH Guidelines Process 2016 (b‐s‐h.org.uk). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) nomenclature was used to evaluate levels of evidence and to assess the strength of recommendations. The GRADE criteria can be found at http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org. Recommendations are based on a review of the literature using Medline, PubMed/Medline and Cochrane searches beginning from 2013 up to January 2021. The following search terms were used: [Hodgkin lymphoma OR Hodgkin disease] NOT non‐Hodgkin; AND [chemotherapy OR radiotherapy]; AND [elderly]; AND [teenage OR adolescent OR young adult]; AND [pregnancy]. Filters were applied to include only publications written in English, studies carried out in humans, clinical conferences, congresses, clinical trials, clinical studies, meta‐analyses, multicentre studies and randomised controlled trials. References pre‐2013 were taken from the previous version of this guideline.1 Review of the manuscript was performed by the British Society for Haematology (BSH) Guidelines Committee Haematology Oncology Taskforce, the BSH Guidelines Committee and the Haematology Oncology sounding board of BSH.
Cardiovascular disease in hereditary haemophilia: The challenges of longevity
Authors: Shapiro Susan , Benson Gary , Evans Gillian , Harrison Catherine , Mangles Sarah , Makris Mike 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of effective and safe treatments has significantly increased the life expectancy of persons with haemophilia (PWH). This has been accompanied by an increase in the comorbidities of ageing including cardiovascular disease, which poses particular challenges due to the opposing risks of bleeding from haemophilia and antithrombotic treatments versus thrombosis. Although mortality secondary to coronary artery disease in PWH is less than in the general population, the rate of atherosclerosis appears similar. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in PWH and risk of secondary thromboembolic stroke are not well established. PWH can be safely supported through acute coronary interventions but data on the safety and efficacy of long‐term antithrombotics are scarce. Increased awareness and research on cardiovascular disease in PWH will be crucial to improve primary prevention, acute management, secondary prevention and to best support ageing PWH.
LncRNA SNHG15: A potential therapeutic target in the treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Olatubosun Mutolib Olabayo , Abubakar Murtala Bello , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber , Malami Ibrahim , Ibrahim Kasimu Ghandi , Abubakar Bilyaminu , Bello Muhammad Bashir , Alexiou Athanasios , Imam Mustapha Umar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing annually. CRC could develop from genetic and phenotypic factors involving changes in gene expression. Incredibly, the human genome transcribes into non‐coding RNAs, among which long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) signify the most crucial part of the transcriptome in multicellular organisms. lncRNAs affect gene expression at multiple levels, from transcription to protein localization and stability. Recent studies have implicated lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) in cancers occurrence and progression. Previously, an indication suggests SNHG15 overexpression triggers proliferation, metastasis, and impedes apoptosis in CRC. Further, through its activity of binding micro‐RNAs, lncRNA SNHG15 modulates genes associated with CRC progression and promotes CRC resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the various mechanisms and roles of lncRNA SNHG15 implicated in CRC tumorigenesis. We further highlight how SNHG15 plays a vital role in regulating critical pathways linked to the development and progression of CRC. Finally, we highlight how SNHG15 can be modulated for CRC treatments and the various therapeutic strategies to be implored when targeting SNHG15 in the context of CRC treatments. Findings from these studies present SNHG15 as a potential therapeutic target for preventing and treating CRC.
A randomized controlled trial comparing guided bone regeneration to connective tissue graft to re‐establish buccal convexity at dental implant sites: Three‐year results
Authors: Bouckaert Eline , De Bruyckere Thomas , Eghbali Aryan , Younes Faris , Wessels Retief , Cosyn Jan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare guided bone regeneration (GBR) to connective tissue graft (CTG) in terms of increase in buccal soft tissue profile (BSP) at three‐year follow‐up when applied at the buccal aspect of single implant sites demonstrating a minor horizontal alveolar defect.Materials and methodsPatients with a single tooth gap in the anterior maxilla and horizontal alveolar defect were enrolled in a single‐blind RCT. All sites had a bucco‐palatal bone dimension of at least 6 mm, received a single implant at least 3 months after tooth removal and were randomly allocated to the control (GBR) or test group (CTG) to re‐establish buccal soft tissue convexity. Primary outcome was linear increase in BSP, meaning increase at the buccal aspect of the implant, based on superimposed digital surface models. Secondary outcomes were buccal bone and buccal soft tissue thickness, aesthetic and clinical parameters.ResultsTwenty‐one patients were included per group at baseline. After three years, three patients in the GBR group and four in the CTG group were not willing to return for re‐assessment. Hence, the final sample included 9 females/9 males (mean age 52) in the GBR group and 8 females / 9 males in the CTG group (mean age 49). The changes in BSP over time were not significantly different between GBR and CTG (p = 0.629). At three years, sites treated with GBR demonstrated 1.06 mm (95% CI: 0.83; 1.28) increase in BSP, whereas sites treated with CTG showed 0.99 mm (95% CI: 0.65; 1.35) increase in BSP (p = 0.699) compared to baseline. There were no significant differences between the groups for any of the parameters except for Mucosal Scarring Index, which was 1.63 (95% CI: 0.73; 2.53) lower for CTG (p = 0.002) at study termination.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in linear increase in BSP between GBR and CTG after three years. Hence, clinical decision‐making should be based on other factors.
Identifying trade‐offs and opportunities for forest carbon and wildlife using a climate change adaptation lens
Authors: Littlefield Caitlin E. , D'Amato Anthony W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOn a warming planet, a key challenge natural resource managers face is protecting wildlife while mitigating climate change—as through forest carbon storage—to the greatest extent possible. But in some ecosystems, habitat restoration for imperiled species may be incompatible with maximizing carbon storage. For example, promoting early successional forest conditions does not maximize stand‐level carbon storage, whereas uniformly promoting high stocking or mature forest conditions in the name of carbon storage excludes species that require open or young stands. Here, we briefly review the literature regarding carbon and wildlife trade‐offs and then explore four case studies from the Northern Forest region of the United States. In each case, human activities have largely dampened the influence of natural disturbances; restoring or emulating these disturbances is typically required for habitat restoration even when doing so equates to less carbon storage at the stand level. We propose that applying a climate adaptation lens can help managers and planners navigate these trade‐offs and steer away from maladaptive practices that may ultimately reduce adaptive capacity. Instead, critically evaluating the consequences of stand‐level management actions on both carbon and wildlife can then facilitate landscape‐scale climate adaptation planning that supports a diversity of habitats alongside opportunities to invest in maximizing forest carbon.
Histological evaluation of ischemic alterations in donors after cardiac death: A useful tool to predict post‐transplant renal function
Authors: Zagni Moreno , Croci Giorgio Alberto , Cannavò Antonino , Passamonti Serena Maria , De Feo Tullia , Boggio Francesca Laura , Cribiù Fulvia Milena , Maggioni Marco , Ferrero Stefano , Del Gobbo Alessandro , Gianelli Umberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKidneys retrieved from donors after cardiac death (DCD) pose significant challenges from a clinical and technical point of view, undergoing a variable degree of ischemia‐reperfusion injury. At present, the utilization of kidneys is assessed according to the Karpinski score, which does not take into account the ischemic insult and does not predict the functional recovery of the organ once transplanted. Therefore, the correlation between biopsy results and post‐transplant graft function is still debated. In this study we examined kidney biopsies from DCD donors; we calculated the Karpinski score and subsequently identified and quantified the ischemic lesions in the glomerular, interstitial, and tubular compartments. These same lesions were quantified in kidney biopsies from donors after brain death (DBD) in a case‐control analysis. The collected data were correlated with the clinical data of the donors and the post‐transplant follow‐up. Proximal tubule alterations are crucial in ischemia‐reperfusion damage, showing precise histological alterations, which are more frequent in DCD than in DBD donors and are statistically correlated with functional recovery of the organ. Quantification of ischemic tubular lesions in biopsies of kidneys from DCD donors is a useful tool for predicting post‐transplant renal function and a valid parameter for assessing the quality of the graft.
Iran's Feminist School in the Diaspora: Dynamics of Decline and Demobilization
Authors: Nasirpour Sanaz , Barlow Rebecca , Akbarzadeh Shahram 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThis article explores the mechanisms behind the demobilization of the Feminist School, the self‐proclaimed ‘intellectual wing’ of the Iranian women's movement, which was established as an online forum in 2008. For a short time, the Feminist School was at the forefront of framing the Iranian women's movement and provided the conceptual tools for its strategy setting. In the years following the disputed presidential election of 2009, however, many of the School's founding members were forced to leave Iran. Although they attempted to continue their work in diaspora, by 2015 the School was in decline. This article analyses the demobilization of the Feminist School using data collected in interviews with some of its founding members. The authors argue that despite the dedication of activists in the diaspora, and their willingness to continue their efforts to fight for gender justice at the grassroots, their capacity to do so was compromised by extreme top‐down tensions between Iran and ‘the West’. Those tensions caused serious security concerns and gave rise to an ever‐widening conceptual and affectual gap between domestic and diasporic activists/advocates. This empirical study adds to scholarship on the demobilization of transnational and diasporic movements that seek to influence the policies and politics of highly repressive homelands.
Evidence for a developmental shift in the motivation underlying helping in early childhood
Authors: Hepach Robert , Engelmann Jan M. , Herrmann Esther , Gerdemann Stella C. , Tomasello Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigated children's positive emotions as an indicator of their underlying prosocial motivation. In Study 1, 2‐, and 5‐year‐old children (N = 64) could either help an individual or watch as another person provided help. Following the helping event and using depth sensor imaging, we measured children's positive emotions through changes in postural elevation. For 2‐year‐olds, helping the individual and watching another person help was equally rewarding; 5‐year‐olds showed greater postural elevation after actively helping. In Study 2, 5‐year‐olds’ (N = 59) positive emotions following helping were greater when an audience was watching. Together, these results suggest that 2‐year‐old children have an intrinsic concern that individuals be helped whereas 5‐year‐old children have an additional, strategic motivation to improve their reputation by helping.