bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Char Valorization into Sustainable and Performant Polyurethane Insulating Panels
Authors: Malchiodi Beatrice , Barbieri Luisa , Lancellotti Isabella , Pozzi Paolo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRiver maintenance is required for environmental risk management; however, the resulting vegetable biomass owns poor properties that preclude its treatment in an energy power plant. Nevertheless, the large availability of river biomass and a possible valorization of the by product from the gasification process (namely char, a fine‐grained vegetable carbon) can encourage and make this operation more sustainable. If the use of char as soil or substrate improver has been widely studied in the last 15 years, the application of this substance for construction materials or composites is starting to gain more attention recently. Indeed, in addition to the great advantage of carbon sequestration, the use of char can reduce the energy associated with the production process of such materials by decreasing the consumption of raw materials. In this work, char deriving from the gasification process of local river biomasses is fully characterized and used in different ratios in polyurethane panels for insulating purpose. Remarkably, polyurethane panels show an enhancement in thermal insulating power and electric conductivity by increasing the char content. Enhancements in terms of mechanical properties are also observed for maximum char content up to 1 wt%. In contrast, higher content results in preventing a good development of polymerization and consequently of good properties. Precisely, the char use significantly increases the maximum load in stress‐relaxation tests and improves the load recovery after 10 min, whereas higher elastic modulus and compressive strength values are observed in compressive tests. The char effectiveness toward more sustainable and performant insulating materials is demonstrated.
Properties of Rubber Blends Filled with Calcium Lignosulfonate
Authors: Hložeková Klaudia , Kruželák Ján , Džuganová Michaela , Hudec Ivan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe lignosulfonates are water‐soluble anionic polymers, which are considered as byproducts from the production of wood pulp using sulfite pulping. Calcium lignosulfonate is chosen as a filler according to previous research due to its effect on the properties of the blends. It is added in the concentration range from 10 to 60 phr to the blends with NBR, SBR, and EPDM. It is found out that the increasing concentration of filler has a favorable effect on the values of physical—mechanical properties of vulcanizates.
Comparison of Three Additive Manufacturing (AM) Techniques for Manufacturing Complex Hollow Composite Parts
Authors: Tosto Claudio , Pergolizzi Eugenio , Cicala Gianluca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is well known for supporting the manufacturing of composites through the 3D printing of lay‐up tools, sacrificial mandrels, trim molds, etc. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a pioneer in composite tooling. This technique is advantageous in many scenarios in which it is convenient to obtain hollow composite parts by dissolving sacrificial mandrels, removing the use of expensive and heavy metal molds. However, the effects that the removal process has on the thermomechanical properties of the composite must be considered. The convenience of another AM technique, liquid crystal display (LCD) printing, has also recently been demonstrated. The present work aims to compare three different techniques, FDM, fused filament fabrication (FFF), and LCD, each using different materials and, therefore, different mandrel removal processes. DMA analyses have highlighted the impact of some dissolution processes on thermomechanical properties. Further mechanical analysis is conducted to support what is found in the thermomechanical characterization tests. Finally, an economic analyses highlight the time and cost savings of some AM technologies compared to the conventional method for manufacturing composite parts.
Accelerated Photo‐Oxidation of Polyamide 11 Nanocomposites under Various Clays Nanofillers
Authors: Dehouche Nadjet , Kaci Mustapha , Focke Walter Wilhelm , Van Der Merwe Liezel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of various clays nanofillers on the photo‐oxidation of polyamide 11 (PA11) has been investigated by accelerated ultraviolet (UV) test up to 780 h. Organo‐modified montmorillonite, halloysite nanotubes, and sepiolite were selected and incorporated separately to PA11 at 5 wt.%. The samples were prepared by melt compounding. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed a linear increase of carbonyl index (CI) in the first 360 h of exposure indicating a rapid oxidation of all samples without any induction period. Further, the nanocomposite samples exhibit faster oxidation kinetics than PA11, being however less pronounced for PA11/sepiolite. This is consistent with both the yellowing index (YI) evolution determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy and also the onset oxidation temperature (OOT) determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Potential of Using Agricultural Waste Composites as Thermal Insulation Material
Authors: Serin Hasan , Güzel Gülşen , Kumlu Umut , Akar Mustafa Atakan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA huge amount of waste is produced every day in the world and it is thrown away without giving them any new use. Agricultural wastes generated as a result of obtaining, processing, and consuming plant and animal products constitute a remarkable large part of this waste amount. Today, these wastes are used in the production of composites, and the composites produced from these wastes give positive results in durability, flexibility, and thermal insulation. Composite materials which are combination of different materials to create a new material with discrete properties than its ingredients have gained great importance with the increment of product variety thus the property requirement. In production process, it is now always possible to fulfill the requirements of the design with conventional engineering materials. Since composite materials have the ability of being tailorable they have been started to be used in many different application areas. Recently, the usage of such composite materials in the automotive field has been evaluated. In this review, the usage of composites produced from different agricultural wastes in thermal insulation has been examined. A detailed review of the past and recent research activities has been documented. The literature survey reveals that agricultural wastes can be a good candidate to be used as reinforcement or filler material in composites for thermal insulation purposes.
Influences of Iron Oxide Nanomaterial and Hydrogen Addition into Sunflower Biodiesel/Diesel Powered Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions
Authors: Özcanlı Mustafa , Tosun Erdi , Çalık Ahmet 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, effects of iron oxide (Fe3O4) and hydrogen (H2) additions into 20% sunflower biodiesel + 80% diesel (B20) operated compression ignition engine performance and emissions are evaluated. Diesel fuel (D) is selected as a reference fuel for comparison purpose. Reduced performance level with B20 can be recovered with use of nanoparticle and hydrogen due to their superior combustion characteristics. In comparison to diesel, B20 mixture has caused to reduction on power by 6.44% while addition of nanoparticle and hydrogen (H_B20_Fe) have increased power by 5.76%. B20 mixture led to decrease carbon monoxide (CO) emission by 7.92% whereas nanoparticle and hydrogen addition have caused further decrement by 12.35% compared to diesel. Diesel shows best nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission characteristics of all. Increment levels are 7.24% and 12.94 for B20 and H_B20_Fe, respectively.
The Usage of Natural Fibers for Automotive Applications
Authors: Akar M. Atakan , Tosun A. Tuğçe , Yel Feyza , Kumlu Umut 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLightweighting studies of vehicles have gained great importance in recent years due to strict emission regulations and goals of more sustainable manufacturing. One of the solutions to produce lighter vehicles is to employ lighter alternative materials such as composites instead of conventional materials. Composite materials are generally fabricated with reinforcement of a matrix material with synthetic fibers such as glass, carbon, and aramid, but recently there is a great interest in natural fibers to substitute the synthetic fibers with biobased material which has the advantages of being green, biodegradable, renewable, and more sustainable. Thus, especially for automotive components, there are many studies to employ natural fibers instead of synthetic fibers. In this study, the recent studies on applications of natural fibers in automotive composites have been reviewed. The review study revealed that natural fibers are viable alternatives to synthetic ones and they are expected to be used more in near future.
Analysis of the Composite Structure of the Cornea‐Contact Lens Assembly in Orthokeratology
Authors: Bodi Gyury , Baritz Mihaela I. , Repanovici Angela , Barbu Daniela M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContact lenses are currently a practical and effective solution for the correction of refractive errors but also for the application of orthokeratology procedures in cases of keratoconus or high myopia pathologies. In orthokeratology procedures, the contact lenses used are rigid (hard) and are made of biocompatible materials resulting in a composite structure together with the cornea of the human eye. Thus, the contact lenses for orthokeratology have the effect of deforming the corneal surface, in the latter inducing a series of residual and inertial stress states through which changes in the refractive power of the entire eyeball are obtained. This paper presents aspects related to the approach of the corneal‐contact lens composite structure as a thin curved plate set. Also, the study is completed with the determination of the different aspects in section and an anisotropic structure which implies an approach of biomechanical behavioral analyzes both in terms of the elastic component and the viscosity component manifested in the corneal structure. As shown by specialists, the cornea topography is determined by the balanced state between the internal and external forces acting on it and its mechanical rigidity, which is, in turn, defined by the cornea geometry, the biomaterial thickness, and rigidity. Therefore, the development of studies on the corneal‐contact lens combination in orthokeratology as a composite structure is closest to the real behavior of the whole.
Application of Micro Electrical Discharge Machining and Electrochemical Machining in Manufacturing of Micro‐Electromechanical Systems: A Review
Authors: Enciu Cornel‐Cristian , Pârvu Gabriela‐Marina , Ghiculescu Liviu‐Daniel , Opran Constantin Gheorghe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper deals with the classification, applications, and advantages of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), materials, and technologies used. This area of production represents one of the most promising technologies of 21st century, with a big impact in manufacturing 4.0. Nowadays, MEMS fabrication methods have a very big influence in the area of medicine, and therefore the review applications of utmost importance like micromechanical stents or antenna stents are related. The study presents information about MEMS based micro‐EDM, regarding working parameters and some examples of techniques used to realize MEMS devices. These have the purpose to minimize the cost together with the increase of the output technological parameters. The process capabilities of micro‐ECM, associated with working parameters are also treated, and the potential applications in industries like automotive, aerospace, biomedical, security, communication, etc. Finally, some future challenges of MEMS application in the specified fields are exposed.
A Numerical Study on Mode II Fatigue Delamination Growth in Composite Laminates
Authors: Russo Angela , Sellitto Andrea , Palumbo Concetta , Riccio Aniello 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a numerical tool, able to mimic the delamination growth under cyclic loading conditions, has been adopted to investigate the mode II interlaminar damage growth in composite laminates. An improved Virtual Crack Closure Technique based model, mesh and time step independent, has been combined with a Paris‐Law equations‐based model to account for the effects of cycling loading conditions on the structural behavior of a specimen under an End‐Notched Flexure (ENF) test. The ANSYS FEM environment has been adopted for the numerical simulations and the numerical model has been implemented in ANSYS by adopting the Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL). Comparisons at the coupon level with literature experimental data on unidirectional ENF samples have demonstrated the ability of the numerical model to simulate the Mode II fatigue delamination growth. Actually, useful indications on the damage propagation under fatigue loading condition have been provided by the proposed numerical model in conjunction with the experimental data taken from literature.
An Experimental Assessment on the Influence of Carbon Nanotubes Matrix Charging on the Fatigue Behavior of Composite Laminates
Authors: Russo Angela , Meo Michele , Zarrelli Mauro , Flora Francesco , Riccio Aniello 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, an experimental preliminary assessment on the fatigue behavior of nanomodified composite coupons has been attempted. Comparisons between the fatigue life of epoxy resin/carbon fiber neat coupons and epoxy resin/carbon fiber specimens reinforced with nanoparticles have been carried out. Tensile, compressive, and in‐plane shear samples have been manufactured according to ASTM D3039, ASTM D3410, and ASTM D3518 standards, respectively. The coupons, both with neat and nanomodified epoxy resin, have been tested under tension‐tension, compression‐compression and in‐plane shear fatigue loading conditions to understand the effect of the nanoparticles’ addition on the fatigue behavior of thermosetting epoxy resin.
Assisted Analysis for Light Unconventional Biomaterials With Applications in Biomechanics
Authors: Braun Barbu , Drugă Corneliu , Mărășescu Călin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA synthesis of an assisted analysis on the behavior of light, unconventional materials is present, intended in the biomechanics of prosthesis, both in terms of biocompatibility and in terms of mechanical behavior. The originality consists in the development, testing, and use of a software application for the behavioral analytical study of different types of materials subjected to different static and dynamic loads in the case of wearing a hip prosthesis. Based on both studies, it has been shown that light, unconventional materials such as TEKA PEEK carbon fiber can be a safe and effective solution when used in combination with epoxy gluing resins.
Numerical Analysis of an Electromagnetic Stirring System for Composite Plastic Materials with Ferromagnetic Particles
Authors: Tudorache Tiberiu , Ion Sorin Mihai , Opran Constantin Gheorghe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with a Finite Element (FE) numerical analysis of an electromagnetic stirring system for composite plastic materials with ferromagnetic particles. The electromagnetic stirring process is ensured by the magnetic forces acting on the ferromagnetic particles spread in the plastic matrix. These forces are produced by the rotating magnetic field of the stator of a three‐phase induction motor supplied from an inverter. The analysis is carried out using the professional software package Flux for electromagnetic field computation based on the FE method. The 2D computations allowed to estimate the magnetic forces and their orientation acting on micrometric particles spread in a fluid plastic material. A preliminary experimental setup is also built for studying the proposed solution.
Aggression Towards Caregivers in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Macchi Zachary A. , Seshadri Sandhya , Ayele Roman , Bock Meredith , Long Judith , Coats Heather , Miyasaki Janis , Pantilat Steven Z. , Katz Maya , Santos Elizabeth J. , Sillau Stefan H. , Lum Hillary D. , Kluger Benzi M. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundAggression is one manifestation of behavioral disturbances in neurodegenerative disease with emerging literature suggesting a high prevalence in Parkinson's disease and related disorders (PDRD).ObjectivesOur aim was to describe characteristics, associated factors, and consequences of aggression towards caregivers in PDRD.MethodsThis is a convergent mixed methods study, leveraging data from 296 PDRD patient–caregiver dyads in a clinical trial of palliative care and semi‐structured interviews with a subgroup of 14 caregivers who reported aggression. The primary outcome was baseline caregiver‐reported aggression. Using multivariate linear regression, baseline dyad characteristics (eg, measures of disease, psychosocial issues, caregiver strain) were examined to identify factors associated with aggression. Thematic analysis of interviews was used to augment these findings.ResultsAssociated variables included disease duration (r = 0.15, P < 0.05), patient grief (r = 0.22, P< 0.001), symptom burden (r = 0.18, r < 0.01), resistance to care (r = 0.40, P < 0.01), caregivers’ depression (r = 0.16, P < 0.05), and caregiving burden (r = 0.34, P < 0.001). We identified five themes: (1) Aggressive behaviors range from verbal abuse to threats of physical violence; (2) Caregivers believe that aggressive behaviors result from the difficulty patients experience in coping with disease progression and related losses; (3) Caregivers’ stress and mental health are worsened by aggressive behaviors; (4) Aggressive behaviors negatively affect patient–caregiver relationships; (5) Caregivers are ill‐prepared to manage aggressive behaviors and cope with the consequences on their own.ConclusionsAggression in PDRD is driven by diverse factors (eg, grief, fluctuations in cognition) with serious consequences for caregivers. Neurologists and movement specialists should consider screening for aggression while prioritizing caregiver education and wellbeing.
In Vitro Infant Fecal Fermentation Characteristics of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Were Controlled by Initial Microbiota Composition More than Chemical Structure
Authors: Xu Shiqi , Lane Jonathan A. , Chen Juchun , Zheng Yuxing , Wang Hongwei , Fu Xiong , Huang Qiang , Dhital Sushil , Liu Feitong , Zhang Bin 
Published: August 2022

ScopeHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), multifunctional glycans naturally present in human milk, are known to contribute to the infant's microbiota and immune system development. However, the molecular specificity of HMOs on microbiota and associated fermentation is not yet fully understood, and is important for the development of infant formula optimum functionality.Methods and resultsIn vitro fermentation is carried out on structurally different HMOs with infant fecal inocula dominated by Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bacteroides. The gas, metabolite (SCFA, lactate, and succinate) profiles, and microbiota responses differ between individual microbiota inocula patterns regardless of HMO structure. In terms of HMO pairs with same sugar composition but different glycosidic bonds, gas and metabolite profiles are similar with the B. longum‐ and B. breve‐dominated inocula. However, large individual variations are observed with the Bacteroides‐dominated inocula. The microbial communities at the end of fermentation are closely related to the initial microbiota composition.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that short‐term in vitro fermentation outcomes largely depend on the initial gut microbiota composition more than the impact of HMO molecular specificity. These results advance the current understanding for the design of personalized infant nutritional solutions and therapies in future.
Application of the PC‐SAFT Equation of State to the Prediction of Vapor Solubility in Semicrystalline Polyethylenes
Authors: Moebus Joseph A. , Greenhalgh Brian R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper builds on the theoretical framework of the previous articles on the solubility of vapors in semicrystalline polyethylenes produced in the gas phase process. The present article clarifies the theoretical basis for an activity coefficient approach, which results from a constraint on the amorphous phase within semicrystalline polymers. This concept is coupled to an advanced equation of state for use in polyolefin reaction engineering, and presented in a modular way the procedure for computing the requisite thermodynamic quantities. A temperature dependence on polymer crystallinity is also introduced. In the interest of developing a more predictive model for solubility, the model using single pure gas isotherms are parameterized. The results demonstrate the ability to predict single and mixed gas absorption, including new data published herein. The validity of the model is further demonstrated through comparisons with literature studies on batch scale ethylene polymerization. Finally, how a simple correlation to standard polymer characteristics yields accurate predictions in the absence of measured data for parametrization is demonstrated.
Usefulness of Otolith Weight for Estimating Age-Based Life History Metrics of Lake Trout
Authors: Hansen Michael J. , Nate Nancy A. , Muir Andrew M. , Chavarie Louise , Howland Kimberly L. , Krueger Charles C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To determine if otolith weight can be used to accurately and precisely estimate age-based life history metrics of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush populations, we quantified relationships between Lake Trout otolith age and weight sampled from a wide geographic and size range of North American lakes. Separate nonlinear age–weight models for each of 22 surveys (each year within each area or lake) described 82.8% of variation in the relationship between otolith age and weight, whereas separate age–weight models for each of 13 lakes or areas within lakes (years combined) described only 0.4% less variation. Over all surveys, age increased at an average rate of 1.13 years per milligram increase in otolith weight and the otolith weight–age relationship was significantly nonlinear. Age of individual fish could not be estimated accurately from otolith weight alone, although bias of mean age estimated from mean otolith weight was small, whether using survey-specific or general otolith age–weight relationships. Age at maturity and survival derived from indirect otolith age–weight relationships were estimated with less bias than growth parameters. We conclude that a general model for estimating Lake Trout age from otolith weight may be more useful for maturity and survival analyses that are less susceptible to estimation error of individual (often old) fish than for growth analysis that can be susceptible to estimation error of individual (often old) fish.