bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating the Crystallinity of a Circular Plastic towards Packaging Material with Outstanding Barrier Properties
Authors: Sangroniz Ainara , Zhu Jian‐Bo , Etxeberria Agustin , Chen Eugene Y.‐X. , Sardon Haritz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChemically recyclable polymers have attracted increasing attention since they are promising materials in a circular economy, but such polymers appropriate for packaging applications are scarce. Here a combined thermal, mechanical, and transport (permeability and sorption) study is presented of a circular polymer system based on biobased trans‐hexahydrophthalide which, upon polymerization, can lead to amorphous, homochiral crystalline, and nanocrystalline stereocomplex materials. This study uncovers their largely different transport properties of the same polymer but with different stereochemical arrangements and synergistic or conflicting effects of crystallinity on transport properties versus thermal and mechanical properties. Overall, the homocrystalline chiral polymer shows the best performance with an outstanding barrier character to gases and vapors, outperforming commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polyethylene. The results presented herein show that it is possible to modify the crystalline structure of the same polymer to tune the mechanical and transport properties and generate multiple materials of different barrier characters.
Development of High Throughput Photopolymerizations Using Micron‐Sized Ultrathin Metal‐Organic Framework Nanosheets
Authors: Huang Ya , Guo Wan Lin , He Jin Cheng , Li Xue , Cai Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolymer syntheses in a high throughput format are still challenging due to the tedious procedures for prior deoxygenation and catalyst removal. 2D metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanosheets are advantageous for elevating the catalytic efficiency and catalyst recyclability. Polymerization of a wide variety of monomers, including hydrophilic acrylamides and hydrophobic acrylates, is attempted directly in a multi‐well plate by employing Zn‐ZnPPF‐2D nanosheets (PPF = porphyrin paddlewheel framework) as a heterogeneous photocatalyst. Various parameters such as monomer concentration, catalyst concentration, and light wavelength are investigated with respect to their effects on polymerization rate and the degree of control over the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Due to the larger surface area and more accessible catalytic sites, the top‐performing Zn‐ZnPPF‐2D exhibits fast polymerization kinetics over the Zn‐ZnPPF‐3D bulk crystals. In addition, the synthesis of triblock copolymers with a single loading of catalysts confirms the outstanding catalytic performance of these 2D MOF catalysts. Finally, photopolymerization is demonstrated to be achievable entirely in a microliter‐scale human cell culture medium. As such, this strategy provides high levels of control and precision over macromolecular synthesis outcomes that best align with the requirements of high throughput approaches toward biological applications.
Indian Sign Language Recognition Using Ensemble Based Classifier Combination
Authors: Sahoo Ashok Kumar , Sarangi Pradeepta Kumar , Yadav Chandra Shekhar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIndian Sign Language (ISL) is an alternate to written and direct communication language used in India and Indian subcontinent. It is commonly used by deaf and mute people who cannot speak and hear. The ISL is a new sign language as compared to other sign languages used in developed countries. There is a need for automatic recognition of any sign language including ISL due to its application aspects in current times. The automation of ISL will helpful to both communities (those who can interact only through ISL and those who do not know ISL at all), because in many places the unblessed people facing difficulty in communicating like at airports, railway stations, banks, hospitals, and other places. In this paper, the authors have tried to develop an automatic conversion from ISL signs to text in the domain of digits. The system requires a digital camera to capture the ISL signs and the underlying software will interpret the meaning of the image. To develop such a system, pattern recognition concept including image processing techniques have been used. Important features from the ISL signs are extracted using Histogram Oriented Gradient (HOG) technique. To classify the input images, two classification techniques have been used in the experiments namely Tree Bagger and Fit Ensemble.
Inhibition Action of Non‐polar Eichhornia crassipes Extract on the Carbon Steel Corrosion in 1 M HCl
Authors: Salman Hamida Idan , Hassan Sajid , Abd‐Alkareem Saja Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this research, the anti‐corrosion properties of water hyacinth roots are studying. Firstly the roots are extracted by hexane solvent and a non‐polar extract is obtained. At a constant temperature (303 K) the inhibition efficiency increases and the corrosion current density decreases with the increasing of the inhibitor concentration. The thermodynamic measurement results show the mixed (chemical and physical) adsorption process and exothermic process.
Morphological Properties of Nanocrystalline Silicon from p‐Type Bulk Silicon
Authors: Al‐Kadumi Ahmed K. , AL‐Baghdadi M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the topography properties as layer thickness, porosity, and shape are studied for porous silicon prepared by using electro‐chemical etching method from p‐type bulk silicon like one side mirror with hydrofluoric acid (39%–43%) and ethanol (99.9%) (2:1), the etching time is (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) min, with potential (6 V DC), the porosity and layer thickness can determine by using gravimetric method and SEM image to study the comparison between the image for different etching time.
Synthesis of 5‐Fluorouracil–Naproxen Conjugates as a Mutual Prodrug for Targeting Cancer Tissues
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Hassan , Jasim Azhar Mehdi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new 5‐fluorouracil–naproxen conjugate is synthesized as a mutual prodrug for targeting cancer tissues. The structure of the target compound and their intermediate are characterized by their melting point, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental microanalysis. The cytotoxic activity is preliminarily evaluated using nonsmall lung cancer CRL‐2049, human breast cancer CAL‐51, and one type of normal cell line; rat embryo fibroblast cell line. The synthesized compound shows a good cytotoxic effect at the cancer cell and no significant effect at rat embryo fibroblast cell line.
Potassium Chloride Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Study the Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Ismail Shaymaa N. , Ali Ehab.m. , Alwan Bahaa Jawad , Abd Ahmed N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBy looking at its wide range of applications, the aim of this study is the preparation and characterization of potassium chloride (KCl) nanoparticles by green synthesis using Curcuma longa plant. The detail characterization of KCl nanoparticles is carried out using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, UV–Visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis that the result of KCl nanoparticles is observed as spiny, rock, semispherical, and spherical shape. The results of antibacterial activity show the inhibitory activity against bacteria in the case of preparing KCl by the method of plants, the results are noted that the best concentration in the inhibition area is (31 mm) in bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis) at a concentration of (100% mg mL−1).
Combination of Chitosan and Peppermint Essential Oil as Potential Active Coating Against Penicillium digitatum and Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Wardana Ata Aditya , Van Tran Thi , Mohammadi Leila , Tanaka Fumina , Tanaka Fumihiko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work evaluates the effect of antifungal agent based on chitosan (CS) or peppermint essential oil (PEO) treatment and their mixtures to control P. digitatum and B. cinerea, identified as the potential plant pathogens. The efficacy of each CS (0.6%) and PEO (0.1–0.6%) or in combination to inhibit spore germination is assessed. The distribution of PEO in the emulsion system is more pronounced along with the increase in the oil level. Either CS or PEO can inhibit the growth of spore and germ tube elongation effectively. The mixtures of CS and PEO exhibit a greater inhibitory action additively or synergistically according to the Abbott index value. Propidium iodide staining test confirms the loss of membrane integrity of spores in response to coating treatment. The combination treatment of CS/0.6% PEO and CS/0.5% PEO can be an effective alternative to inhibit the spore germination, respectively, for P. digitatum by 91.54% and B. cinerea by 100%. Application of the composite coatings obtained in this study can prove to be potential for primary packaging, particularly for fresh postharvest commodities.
Sinter‐Crystallization and Optical Characterization of Dy3+: ZnO‐B2O3‐RHA Glass‐Ceramics
Authors: Wahab Rabiatul Adawiyah Abdul , Zaid Mohd Hafiz Mohd , Matori Khamirul Amin , Kamari Halimah Mohamed , Yamin Nurul Afiqah Mohammad , Zalamin Siti Norul Fadhilah , Ismail Nur Atikah Nazihah , Honda Sawao , Tanemura Masaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this current study, the behavior of dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) doped willemite glass‐ceramic (WGC) derived from ZnO‐B2O3‐RHA: Dy2O3 glasses and rice‐husk ash (RHA) works as the active alternative silica has been studied. The fusions of the ternary host system of oxide components doped with rare earth oxide go through the melt‐quench technique followed by solid‐state sintering on the compacted glass frits. The sintered green samples are characterized utilizing the physical, structural, and optical properties to investigate the effect of different sintering temperatures on the samples accordingly. The bulk density of WGC increases together with the increment of sintering temperature from 2.571 to 2.940 g cm–3. Meanwhile, the increment of sintering temperature escalates the crystallization of the main crystalline phase, Zn2SiO4, corroborated by the enlargement of average crystallite size from 161 to 550 nm. Furthermore, the emission activity in the WGC also intensifies on the green emission region (524 nm) accordingly. This fabricated Dy3+:WGC contributes to the nomination as the potential solid‐state lighting material.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Co(II), Ni(II), and Pd(II) Complexes with Bisdithiocarbamate and Cyclic Amines Ligands
Authors: Mohammed Modher Y. , Mustafa Ziyad M. , Aziz Fatima N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReaction of metal salts CoCl2·6H2O,NiCl2·6H2O and Na2[PdCl4] with thymine bisdithiocarbamate and uracil bisthiocarbamate in molar ratio 2:1 (metal/ligand) affords the presumably tetrahedral complexes [M2(dtc)(H2O)4Cl2] M; Co, Ni and square planer complexes [Pd(dtc)(H2O)4Cl2] dtc=tdtc, utdc. Dithiocarbamates (dtcs) behave as monodentate ligands. Reaction of [M2 dtc (H2O)4Cl2] M; Co (II), Ni (II), and Pd(II) with 1,10‐Phen.″ or 2,2′‐BiPy. (two equivalents) affords tetrahedral complexes of type [M2dtc(Amin)2Cl2] M; Co, Ni and square planer complexes [Pd2dtc(Amin)2Cl2], bis(dithiocarbametes) acts as a monodentate ligand and binds to the metal center through the soft sulfur atoms. Antibacterial activity of ligands and complexes is evaluated with two types of bacteria Staphylococcus aurous (gram‐positive) and Escherichia coli (gram‐negative). The complexes are characterized by physico‐chemical and spectroscopic methods.
Laser Induced Plasma of PbS Thin Films: Effects of Laser Power on Morphology, Structure, and Optical Properties
Authors: Majed Mirvat D. , Kh. Abdalameer Nisreen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe structural and optical characteristics of lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles from PbS films are investigated in this study. Laser induced plasma of thin samples on glass substrates is performed using an Nd:Yak laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a range of laser intensities (160, 200, 260, 300) mJ. The effect of increasing the laser intensity on the structural characteristics of the material is investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD data indicate that the membrane produced is polycrystalline in nature, with the (111) and (200) planes being the main phases. Additionally, the (AFM) measurements revealed that the smallest particle size is produced with the lowest laser deposition energy (160 mJ). The results indicated that it is possible to fabricate thin films with medium grain sizes. The impact of altering the laser intensity on the optical characteristics is investigated, and it is discovered that they have direct acceptable transitions in the range (1.65–1.95) electron volts.
Effect of Natural Sisal Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Heat Cured Acrylic Resin
Authors: Hameed Teba Mageed , Al‐Dabbagh Balqees Mohameed , Jasim Ragdaa Kareem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of natural sisal fibers on mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Materials and Method: In total, 90 specimens are prepared to be used in the study. The specimens are divided into three main groups, 30 specimens of heat cure PMMA without additives (control) and experimental groups of 60 specimens of heat cure PMMA with salinized sisal fibers with two different weight percentages (5% and 10%) wt. Three point bending test is performed to evaluate the flexural strength of the specimens, while the impact strength is done by impact testing Charpy's machine and tensile test is performed according to ASTM D‐638. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test is used for statistical analysis.Results: Impact test results indicate a highly significant in the reinforced specimens when compare with control specimens. Tensile strength significantly increases after reinforcement with fibers. Nonsignificant difference is detected in flexural strength among the reinforced groups and control group.Conclusion: Reinforcement of the heat cured acrylic resin with natural sisal fibers significantly increases its impact strength and tensile strength with nonsignificant in flexural strength.
Modeling Consumer Price Index: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Sarangi Pradeepta Kumar , Sahoo Ashok Kumar , Sinha Sachin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe change in price of a group of goods and services is reflected in terms of consumer price index (CPI), making it one of the most important economic indicators. This is also the mostly used measure of inflation. Forecasted CPI values help the Government to take corrective measures to control the economic conditions of the country. This paper implements and examines two machine learning models such as artificial neural network (ANN) and ANN model optimized with particle swarm optimization (PSO) known as ANN‐PSO to assess the accuracy in predictability of CPI. The data set for four groups such as food and beverages, housing, clothing, and footwear used for the calculation of all India CPI has been taken from the official website of the Government of India. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) has been used as the validator for model accuracy. The MAPE calculated for all experiments are less than 10% which indicates that the ANN‐PSO models used are highly accurate for prediction of CPI of India.
Biological Activity of Solvent Extracts of Angelica archangelica Leaf and Stem
Authors: De Anindita , Singh Ruchi , Singh Yogita , Jain Preeti , Singh Pratibha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the current study, extraction from the stem and leaf of the well‐known Indian medicinal plant Angelica archangelica (A. Angelica) with the solvents of variable polarity such as water, methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform is reported. The presence of different secondary metabolites like terpenoid, flavonoid, glycosides, carbohydrates, resin, steroid, proteins, and tannin are confirmed by different phytochemical qualitative test for ethyl acetate, water, chloroform, and methanol extract. The difference in the composition of all the extracts is motivated to conduct the comparison of the biological potential of all extracts in the form of DNA cleavage, DNA binding, and antioxidant activity. It is observed that the methanolic extract is most potent among all which has high concentration of terpenoids. It has shown 95% DPPH scavenging activity and 62% DNA cleavage activity. Separation of terpenoids from methanolic extracts to hexane layer is conducted which proved the same as hexane layer has shown maximum DNA binding potential. Hexane layer has shown 52% DNA binding activity.
Hydrogen Storage Capacity and Thermodynamic Calculations of Mercury(II) and Palladium(II) Syn‐2‐Pyridine Aldoxime Complexes
Authors: Al‐Isawi Abdulsalam A. , Al‐Jibori Subhi A. , Al‐Janabi Ahmed S. M. , Alheety Mustafa A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFour palladium(II) and mercury(II) complexes of the type [MCl2(HPAO)] or [M(PAO)2](HPAO = syn‐2‐pyridine aldoxime) are prepared and characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR spectra, molar conductivity, and melting point. The results demonstrated that a chelating bidentate behavior of APO through the indo and exocyclic nitrogen atoms. The applicability of the prepared complexes in hydrogen storage at a temperature of 77 K and a pressure of 100 bar is studied. The results show that the complexes are capable of storing hydrogen as follows: 1.54, 2.3, 0.53, and 0.63 wt.% of H2 for [Hg(HAPO)Cl2] (1), [Pd(HAPO)Cl2] (2), [Hg(APO)2] (3), and [Pd(APO)2] (4), respectively. Thermodynamic calculations show that the storage type of hydrogen is the physico‐absorption type. The study shows that the central metal has an effect on the ability of the complex to store hydrogen, as the palladium complexes are more capable of storing hydrogen than their mercury counterparts.
Urolithin A Attenuates Diabetes‐Associated Cognitive Impairment by Ameliorating Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction via N‐glycan Biosynthesis Pathway
Authors: Xiao Yao , Li Kailin , Bian Ji , Liu Hang , Zhai Xiaotong , El‐Omar Emad , Han Lin , Gong Lan , Wang Min 
Published: February 2022

ScopeThis study aims to investigate the effect of Urolithin A (UA) on diabetes‐associated cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model induced by high‐fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ).Methods and ResultsThe UA‐treated T2DM mice display an attenuated cognitive impairment as well as reduced levels of metabolic endotoxemia and proinflammatory cytokines in serum. A systemic restraint of gut/brain inflammation in UA‐treated T2DM mice is also observed as the downregulation of TLR4 and Myd88 in colon along with the inhibition of GFAP, Iba‐1, NLRP3, and inflammation‐related genes in brain. Moreover, UA ameliorates gut barrier dysfunction by upregulating tight‐junction proteins levels. Furthermore, UA restores the hyperglycemia‐mediated downregulation of genes involved in N‐glycan biosynthesis both in vivo and in vitro, which plays a crucial role in barrier integrity. Although UA shares similar beneficial effects on diabetes with metformin, unlike metformin, the effect of UA is independent of gut microbiome and short chain fatty acids. Taken together, these data suggest that feeding UA can attenuate diabetes‐associated cognitive impairment by ameliorating systemic inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction via N‐glycan biosynthesis pathway. The study implies UA as a potential novel pharmaceutic target for diabetes therapy via manipulating gut‐brain axis and N‐glycan metabolism.
Zinc Levels Affect the Metabolic Switch of T Cells by Modulating Glucose Uptake and Insulin Receptor Signaling
Authors: Peng‐Winkler Yiming , Wessels Inga , Rink Lothar , Fischer Henrike Josephine 
Published: February 2022

ScopeT cell activation requires a metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis to rapidly provide substrates for biosynthesis. An individual's zinc status plays an important role in balancing the activation of T cells and is required for a proper function of immune cells. Furthermore, zinc plays an important role during effector T cell polarization to T helper cell subsets or regulatory T cells, with effector T cells relying on glycolysis and regulatory T cells on oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the study aims to analyze if zinc also impacts on T cell activation on the level of intracellular metabolism.Methods and resultsMixed lymphocyte culture and anti‐CD3/CD28 stimulation is used as in vitro models for T cell activation to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation and deprivation on metabolic switching. Promoted glucose uptake, insulin receptor expression, and signaling in both zinc conditions are observed, whereas key metabolic enzymes are stimulated mainly by zinc deprivation. Alterations in cytokine production suggest an immune‐activating effect of zinc deprivation and a balancing effect of zinc supplementation.ConclusionThe results suggest a supportive effect of both zinc supplementation and deprivation on the metabolic switch during T cell activation, adding another level of immune regulation by zinc.
Curcumin Mitigates TNFα‐Induced Caco‐2 Cell Monolayer Permeabilization Through Modulation of NF‐κB, ERK1/2, and JNK Pathways
Authors: Iglesias Dario E. , Cremonini Eleonora , Oteiza Patricia I. , Fraga Cesar G. 
Published: February 2022

ScopeThis work studies the capacity of curcumin to inhibit tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα)‐induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and loss of intestinal barrier integrity, characterizing the underlying mechanisms.Methods and ResultsCaco‐2 cell monolayers are incubated with TNFα (10 ng mL–1), in the absence or presence of curcumin. TNFα causes an increase in interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 release, which is inhibited by curcumin in a dose‐dependent manner (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 3.4 µM for IL‐6). Moreover, TNFα leads to: i) increased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) and NLRP3 inflammasome expression; ii) increased cell monolayer permeability and decreased levels of tight junction proteins; iii) increased cellular and mitochondrial oxidant production; iv) decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and complex I‐III activity; v) activation of redox‐sensitive pathways, i.e., nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNK); and vi) increased myosin light‐chain kinase (MLCK) expression and phosphorylation levels of myosin light‐chain protein MLC. Curcumin (2–8 µM) inhibits all these TNFα‐triggered undesirable outcomes, mostly showing dose‐dependent effects.ConclusionThe inhibition of NF‐κB, ERK1/2, and JNK activation could be in part involved in the capacity of curcumin to mitigate intestinal inflammation, oxidant production, activation of redox‐sensitive pathways, and prevention of monolayer permeabilization. These results support an action of dietary curcumin in sustaining gastrointestinal tract physiology.