bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient and professional use of the root coverage esthetic score (RES) and how it relates to patient satisfaction following periodontal plastic surgery
Authors: Sørdahl Anne Judith , Verket Anders 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Following periodontal plastic surgery in the treatment of recession defects, previous studies have reported that patients rate the esthetic outcomes more favorable than dental professionals. The root coverage esthetic score has been developed and suggested to serve as a comprehensive assessment instrument as it addresses several esthetic outcomes following root coverage procedures. However, no study has yet reported on patient use of this instrument. In the present study clinical, esthetic and patient-reported outcomes following periodontal plastic surgery were assessed. The primary objective was to compare the esthetic/clinical outcome as judged by the patient and by one dentist by using the root coverage esthetic score. The secondary objective was to evaluate the correlation between patient-reported outcomes, root coverage esthetic score and clinical parameters following treatment of recession defects.

Materials and methods
Subjects that had undergone periodontal plastic surgery were invited to score the treatment outcome according to the root coverage esthetic score, which subsequently also was professionally scored by a dentist. Thereafter, the subjects answered a questionnaire on patient satisfaction. All types of surgical root coverage procedures in canine or incisor teeth were included.

Results
A total of 34 subjects were included, presenting 46 treated recessions. No statistically significant different score was found comparing the root coverage esthetic score by the patient and the professional. The majority of subjects was satisfied with the treatment outcome, and most would have undergone the treatment again.

Conclusion
The root coverage esthetic score assessment can be conducted by patients and was not statistically significant different to that of the professional. Patient satisfaction is not always dependent on complete root coverage or the other clinical parameters included in the root coverage esthetic score.
Junior Medical Officers’ knowledge of advance care directives and substitute decision making for people without decision making capacity: a cross sectional survey
Authors: Bryant Jamie , Waller Amy , Bowman Alison , Pickles Robert , Hullick Carolyn , Price Emma , White Ben , Willmott Lindy , Knight Anne , Ryall Mary-Ann , Sanson-Fisher Rob 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
For the benefits of advance care planning to be realised during a hospital admission, the treating team must have accurate knowledge of the law pertaining to implementation of advance care directives (ACDs) and substitute decision making.

Aims
To determine in a sample of Junior Medical Officers (JMOs): (1) knowledge of the correct order to approach people as substitute decision makers if a patient does not have capacity to consent to treatment; (2) knowledge of the legal validity of ACDs when making healthcare decisions for persons without capacity to consent to treatment, including the characteristics associated with higher knowledge; and (3) barriers to enacting ACDs.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted at five public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Interns, residents, registrars, and trainees on clinical rotation during the recruitment period were eligible to participate. Consenting participants completed an anonymous pen-and-paper survey.

Results
A total of 118 JMOs completed a survey (36% return rate). Fifty-five percent of participants were female and 56.8% were aged 20–29 years. Seventy-five percent of JMOs correctly identified a Guardian as the first person to approach if a patient did not have decision-making capacity, and 74% correctly identified a person’s spouse or partner as the next person to approach. Only 16.5% identified all four persons in the correct order, and 13.5% did not identify any in the correct order. The mean number of correct responses to the questions assessing knowledge of the legal validity of ACDs was 2.6 (SD = 1.1) out of a possible score of 6. Only 28 participants (23.7%) correctly answered four or more knowledge statements correctly. None of the explored variables were significantly associated with higher knowledge of the legal validity of ACDs. Uncertainty about the currency of ACDs and uncertainty about the legal implications of relying on an ACD when a patient’s family or substitute decision maker disagree with it were the main barriers to enacting ACDs.

Conclusion
JMOs knowledge of the legal validity of ACDs for persons without decision making capacity and the substitute decision making hierarchy is limited. There is a clear need for targeted education and training to improve knowledge in this area for this cohort.
Assessing Thailand’s 1-3-7 surveillance strategy in accelerating malaria elimination
Authors: Sudathip Prayuth , Naowarat Sathapana , Kitchakarn Suravadee , Gopinath Deyer , Bisanzio Donal , Pinyajeerapat Niparueradee , Sintasath David , Shah Jui A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Thailand’s strong malaria elimination programme relies on effective implementation of its 1-3-7 surveillance strategy, which was endorsed and implemented nationwide in 2016. For each confirmed malaria patient, the Ministry of Public Health’s Division of Vector Borne Diseases (DVBD) ensures completion of case notification within 1 day, case investigation within 3 days, and foci investigation within 7 days. To date, there has not been a comprehensive assessment of the performance and achievements of the 1-3-7 surveillance strategy although such results could help Thailand’s future malaria elimination strategic planning.

Methods
This study examined adherence to the 1-3-7 protocols, tracked progress against set targets, and examined geographic variations in implementation of the 1-3-7 strategy in the programme’s initial 5 years. An auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series analysis with seasonal decomposition assessed the plausible implementation effect of the 1-3-7 strategy on malaria incidence in the programme’s initial 5 years. The quantitative analysis included all confirmed malaria cases from public health and non-governmental community facilities from October 2014 to September 2021 (fiscal year [FY] 2015 to FY 2021) (n = 77,405). The spatial analysis included active foci with known geocoordinates that reported more than five cases from FY 2018 to FY 2021.

Results
From FY 2017 to FY 2021, on-time case notification improved from 24.4% to 89.3%, case investigations from 58.0% to 96.5%, and foci investigations from 37.9% to 87.2%. Adherence to timeliness protocols did not show statistically significant variation by area risk classification. However, adherence to 1-3-7 protocols showed a marked spatial heterogeneity among active foci, and the ARIMA model showed a statistically significant acceleration in the reduction of malaria incidence. The 1-3-7 strategy national indicators and targets in Thailand have shown progressive success, and most targets were achieved for FY 2021.

Conclusion
The results of Thailand’s 1-3-7 surveillance strategy are associated with a decreased incidence in the period following the adoption of the strategy although there is notable geographic variation. The DVBD will continue to implement and adapt the 1-3-7 strategy to accelerate progress toward malaria elimination. This assessment may be useful for domestic strategic planning and to other countries considering more intensive case and foci investigation and response strategies.
Impact of early mean arterial pressure level on severe acute kidney injury occurrence after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Dupont Vincent , Bonnet-Lebrun Anne-Sophie , Boileve Alice , Charpentier Julien , Mira Jean-Paul , Geri Guillaume , Cariou Alain , Jozwiak Mathieu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The optimal early mean arterial pressure (MAP) level in terms of renal function remains to be established in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aimed to evaluate the association between early MAP level and severe acute kidney injury (AKI) occurrence in patients with OHCA.

Results
In 568 consecutive patients, the percentage time spent below a predefined MAP threshold and the corresponding area below threshold (ABT) were calculated from continuous MAP measurement. Both MAP-derived variables were calculated for different MAP thresholds (65, 75 and 85 mmHg) and time periods (the first 6 and 12 after ICU admission). 274 (48%) patients developed severe AKI defined as stage 3 of KDIGO. Both ABT and percentage time were independently associated with severe AKI, regardless of the MAP threshold and time period considered. Highest adjusted odds ratios for developing severe AKI were observed while considering the first 6 h period. Within the first 6 h, every 100 mmHg-h increase in ABT under MAP thresholds of 65, 75 and 85 mmHg increased severe AKI risk by 69% (OR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.26–2.26; p < 0.01), 13% (OR = 1.13; 95% CI 1.07–1.20; p < 0.01) and 4% (OR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.06; p < 0.01), respectively. Every 10% increase in percentage time spent under MAP thresholds of 65, 75 and 85 mmHg increased severe AKI risk by 19% (OR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.06–1.33; p < 0.01), 12% (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.04–1.19; p < 0.01) and 8% (OR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.02–1.14; p < 0.01), respectively.

Conclusions
Both severity and duration of early arterial hypotension after ICU admission remained associated with severe AKI occurrence while considering a MAP threshold as high as 85 mmHg after OHCA.
How education and GDP drive the COVID-19 vaccination campaign
Authors: Ngo Vu M. , Zimmermann Klaus F. , Nguyen Phuc V. , Huynh Toan L. D. , Nguyen Huan H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince vaccination is the decisive factor for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand the process of vaccination success which is not well understood on a global level. The study is the first to judge the now completed "first wave" of the vaccination efforts. The analysis is very relevant for the understanding why and where the vaccination process observed got stuck by the end of 2021.MethodsUsing data from 118 countries globally and weighted least squared and survival analysis, we identify a variety of factors playing crucial roles, including the availability of vaccines, pandemic pressures, economic strength measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), educational development, and political regimes.ResultsExamining the speed of vaccinations across countries until the Fall of 2021 when the global process got stuck, we find that initially authoritarian countries are slow in the vaccination process, while education is most relevant for scaling up the campaign, and the economic strength of the economies drives them to higher vaccination rates. In comparison to North and Middle America, European and Asian countries vaccinated initially fast for 5% and 10% vaccination rate thresholds, but became rather slow reaching the 30% vaccination level and above. The findings are robust to various applied estimation methods and model specifications.ConclusionsDemocratic countries are much faster than authoritarian countries in their vaccination campaigns when controlling for other factors. This finding suggests that the quality of government and the political environment play a key role in popular support for government policies and programs. However, despite the early success of their vaccination campaigns, the democratic country group has been confronted with strong concerns of vaccine reluctance among their vast populations, indicating the two most potent variables explaining the speed of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign are education and economic conditions.
Integrated transcriptome analysis for the hepatic and jejunal mucosa tissues of broiler chickens raised under heat stress conditions
Authors: Kim Deok Yun , Lim Byeonghwi , Kim Jun-Mo , Kil Dong Yong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Heat stress (HS) is one of the most important threats for the current poultry industry. Therefore, many efforts have been made to ameliorate the adverse effect of HS on poultry production; however, physiological and molecular mechanisms pertaining to HS are still limited in poultry. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate functional alterations based on individual and integrated transcriptomes in the liver and jejunal mucosa tissues of broiler chickens exposed to HS conditions.

Results
Broiler chickens exposed to HS showed decreased growth performance and increased corticosterone concentrations in the feather. In the transcriptome analysis, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the liver and jejunal mucosa by HS conditions. In the liver, genes related to amino acid oxidation, tryptophan metabolism, lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and immune responses were altered by HS, which support the reason why heat-stressed poultry had decreased productive performance. In the jejunal mucosa, genes related to defense systems, glutathione metabolism, detoxification of xenobiotics, and immune responses were differently expressed by HS conditions. The integrated transcriptome analysis with DEGs found in the liver and jejunal mucosa showed a considerable connectivity between the core nodes in the constructed networks, which includes glutathione metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, carbon metabolism, and several amino acid metabolisms.

Conclusions
The core network analysis may indicate that increased requirement of energy and amino acids in the jejunal mucosa of broiler chickens exposed to HS conditions is likely compromised by increased oxidation and synthesis of amino acids in the liver. Therefore, our results may provide comprehensive insights for molecular and metabolic alterations of broiler chickens raised under HS conditions, which can aid in the development of the novel strategies to ameliorate the negative effect of HS on poultry productivity and health.
Online singing interventions for postnatal depression in times of social isolation: a feasibility study protocol for the SHAPER-PNDO single-arm trial
Authors: Bind Rebecca H. , Estevao Carolina , Fancourt Daisy , Hazelgrove Katie , Sawyer Kristi , Rebecchini Lavinia , Miller Celeste , Dazzan Paola , Sevdalis Nick , Woods Anthony , Crane Nikki , Manoharan Manonmani , Burton Alexandra , Dye Hannah , Osborn Tim , Greenwood Lorna , Bakolis Ioannis , Lopez Maria Baldellou , Davis Rachel , Perkins Rosie , Pariante Carmine M. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPostnatal depression (PND) affects 13% of new mothers, with numbers rising during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this prevalence, many women have difficulty with or hesitancy towards accessing pharmacological and/or psychological interventions. Group-based mother-baby activities, however, have a good uptake, with singing improving maternal mental health and the mother-infant relationship. The recent lockdowns highlight the importance of adapting activities to an online platform that is wide-reaching and accessible.AimsThe SHAPER-PNDO study will primarily analyse the feasibility of a 6-week online singing intervention, Melodies for Mums (M4M), for mothers with PND who are experiencing barriers to treatment. The secondary aim of the SHAPER-PNDO study will be to analyse the clinical efficacy of the 6-week M4M intervention for symptoms of postnatal depression.MethodsA total of 120 mothers and their babies will be recruited for this single-arm study. All dyads will attend 6 weekly online singing sessions, facilitated by Breathe Arts Health Research. Assessments will be conducted on Zoom at baseline and week 6, with follow-ups at weeks 16 and 32, and will contain interviews for demographics, mental health, and social circumstances, and biological samples will be taken for stress markers. Qualitative interviews will be undertaken to understand the experiences of women attending the sessions and the facilitators delivering them. Finally, data will be collected on recruitment, study uptake and attendance of the programme, participant retention, and acceptability of the intervention.DiscussionThe SHAPER-PNDO study will focus on the feasibility, alongside the clinical efficacy, of an online delivery of M4M, available to all mothers with PND. We hope to provide a more accessible, effective treatment option for mothers with PND that can be available both during and outside of the pandemic for mothers who would otherwise struggle to attend in-person sessions, as well as to prepare for a subsequent hybrid RCT.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT04857593. Registered retrospectively on 22 April 2021. The first participants were recruited on 27 January 2021, and the trial is ongoing.
Transmission line protection challenges influenced by inverter-based resources: a review
Authors: Quispe Juan Carlos , Orduña Eduardo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) leads to new challenges for protection devices. Protection schemes are typically designed according to the dynamic behavior of rotating machines as generation sources, while the RES dynamic response, mainly governed by inverters, is not considered. Consequently, some relevant algorithms of transmission line protection are experiencing challenges because of the fact that magnitude and phase angle comparison, amount of negative-sequence, and short-circuit current level are affected by the RES. Therefore, an in-depth study of this issue is necessary, one which considers the main causes and new methodological criteria solutions. This work presents an extensive literature review of the evaluation of electrical protection performance and the effects of RES connected to a power grid through inverters. Bibliographic data on many representative publications related to this topic are obtained to show the current research lines and their proposed solutions. In addition, this work identifies the main protection functions affected and describes the new protection schemes that consider RES. Finally, an analysis and discussion of the selected bibliography are presented.
Neurological manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome S1-guideline of the German society of neurology
Authors: Franke Christiana , Berlit Peter , Prüss Harald 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInfection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to COVID-19 (COrona VIrus Disease-2019). SARS-CoV-2 acute infection may be associated with an increased incidence of neurological manifestations such as encephalopathy and encephalomyelitis, ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, anosmia and neuromuscular diseases. Neurological manifestations are commonly reported during the post-acute phase and are also present in Long-COVID (LCS) and post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS). In October 2020, the German Society of Neurology (DGN, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie) published the first guideline on the neurological manifestations of COVID-19. In December 2021 this S1 guideline was revised and guidance for the care of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome regarding neurological manifestations was added. This is an abbreviated version of the post-COVID-19 syndrome chapter of the guideline issued by the German Neurological society and published in the Guideline repository of the AWMF (Working Group of Scientific Medical Societies; Arbeitsgemeinschaft wissenschaftlicher Medizinischer Fachgesellschaften).
Safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a tertiary-center early experience
Authors: Abdelgalil Abobakr A. , Bakry Reima A. , Muzaffer Mohammed A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Research on the COVID-19 vaccination in patients with underlying rheumatic disorders in pediatric age is lacking. We studied possible adverse events of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and also if there is a risk of flaring of the underlying JIA. We reported 36 JIA patients aged 5–18 years old received 2 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine (72 doses). Patients were followed before and after vaccination, and any related adverse event was recorded. JIA disease activity was assessed using Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-10 (JADAS-10) before and after vaccination.

Results
Among 72 doses of the vaccine received, local adverse events (AEs) were reported by majority of the patients (66.7%); most commonly reported local AE was pain at the site of injection. Systemic AEs were revealed by (65.3%), most commonly reported systemic AEs were tiredness, myalgia, and headache. Almost all the reported AE were mild to moderate and resolved within 1–2 days and were also more frequently noted after the second dose. No flaring of the underlying primary rheumatic disease after vaccination. No one of the study group revealed serious adverse events.

Conclusions
This is one of the early studies reporting that mRNA COVID-19 vaccine seems to be safe in children and adolescents with JIA. Almost all the reported adverse events were mild to moderate and transient. Also, no serious adverse events or flaring of the primary disease were reported.
Contraception knowledge and uptake among in-school adolescents in three South African townships: Baseline findings from the Girls Achieve Power (GAP Year) Trial
Authors: Pleaner Melanie , Kutywayo Alison , Beksinska Mags , Mabetha Khuthala , Naidoo Nicolette , Mullick Saiqa 
Published: July 2022

Background: South African adolescents experience barriers to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge and uptake. This study provides insight into contraceptive and other SRH service knowledge, perceptions, and uptake among adolescents in high HIV prevalence settings. Methods: A baseline cross sectional survey was conducted among 3432 grade 8s enrolled into the Girls Achieve Power (GAP Year) trial from 26 public high schools across three South African townships (Soweto, Thembisa and Khayelitsha) (2017 - 2018). An interviewer-led survey collected information on SRH knowledge and perceptions; an audio computer-assisted self-interviewing technique gathered SRH service uptake. Descriptive analysis indicates frequency distribution of socio-demographics and knowledge, uptake and perceptions of SRH services. Chi-square test tested for associations between age and sex and selected variables that measure SRH knowledge and uptake. Results: In total, 2383 learners, completed both survey components. Of these, 63.1% (n=1504) were female and 81.4% (n=1938) aged 12-14. Almost a fifth (18.3%, n=436) had ever had sex and less than 1% had accessed SRH services in the last year. Of the 157 females who had ever had sex, 50.9% had ever used contraception. Of those who had sex in the last three months, 59.0% reported using a contraceptive method. Condom use was inconsistent: almost all females said they had not used or could not remember if a condom was used at last sex. Conclusion: This paper contributes to the evidence strengthening learner SRH education, including the national Integrated School Health Programme. Key themes include the need for age-appropriate, differentiated comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) for the range of ages found in the same grade in South African schools. Education on different contraceptive methods, informed decision-making, and emergency contraception is key. School-based interventions should embrace integrated HIV, STI, and pregnancy prevention messages. Closer links with health services need to be constantly fostered and reinforced.