bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Efficacy of Various Antimycotic Drugs on Emerging and Reemerging, Superficial, Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mycotic Infections
Authors: Ezenwa C. M. , Obum-Nnadi C. N. , Amaechi Dennis , Unegbu V. N. , Nwokorie K. S. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The efficacy of five systemic and topical antifungal medications, Voriconazole, clotrimazol, beclometasone, Itraconazole, and Fluconazole, on dermatomycosis, which affects the superficial layers of the skin, nails, foot, and hair, was tested with 180 patients.
Methods: Included were specimen collection, processing, microscopy, and culture, as well as antifungal susceptibility testing using the E-test method. The Candida species were confirmed and their susceptibility to Voriconazole and Fluconazole was tested using the automated Vitek 2.
Results: The final strain identification indicated 41 dermatophytes (69.49%), 11 non-dermatophytic molds (NDM) (18.64%), and 7 yeasts (11.87%). (candida). Candida was the most prevalent nondermatophyte species found. Trichophyton rubrum was the most prevalent species isolated in Tinea corporis, T. cruris, T. capitis, and T. faciei. When tested with the E strips, all dermatophyte strains showed the greatest vulnerability to beclometasone and clotrimazole (MIC range of 0.04–0.64), but homogeneous resistance to Fluconazole (i.e. MIC 32 g/ml).
Conclusion: Variation in species distribution was shown to be statistically significant (p = 0.001) in terms of clinical presentation.
Acinetobacter
Authors: Nemec Alexandr 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA.ci.ne.to.bac'ter. Gr. masc. adj.akinetosunable to move; N.L. masc. adj.bacter, a rod; N.L. masc. n.Acinetobacter, a non‐motile rod.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pseudomonadales / Moraxellaceae / AcinetobacterRods 0.9–1.6 × 1.5–2.5 μm, becoming spherical in the stationary phase of growth. Colonies are generally nonpigmented and are mucoid when the cells are encapsulated. Cells commonly occur in pairs. Do not form spores. Gram‐stain‐negative. Flagella are absent, and swimming motility does not occur, but cells display twitching motility associated with fimbriae. Strictly aerobic. Oxidase‐negative. Catalase‐positive. Mesophilic. Most strains do not reduce nitrate to nitrite in conventional assays. Grow well on complex media. Most strains grow in defined media containing a single carbon and energy source (most commonly acetate), using ammonium or nitrate salts or one of several common amino acids, as a source of nitrogen. The genome consists of a single circular chromosome sized 2.6−4.7 Mb and a strain‐dependent set of plasmid replicons. Widespread in nature, inhabiting diverse soil and water ecosystems and being associated with plants and animals. Some species reside on the human skin and mucosa. Several species can cause nosocomial infections; strains involved are often resistant to multiple antibiotics and can give rise to epidemics. In 2021, the genus included 73 species with correct names.DNA G + C content (mol%): 34.9−49.6 (median: 40.2).Type species:Acinetobacter calcoaceticusBaumann et al. 1968bAL(basonym:Micrococcus calcoaceticusBeijerinck 1911) emend. Bouvet and Grimont 1986.
Richelia
Authors: Foster Rachel A. , Villareal Tracy A. , Lundin Daniel , Waterbury John B. , Webb Eric A. , Zehr Jonathan P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRi.che'li.a. N.L. fem. n.Richelia, named for the Danish admiral Andreas du Plessis de Richelieu (1852–1932).Cyanobacteria / Cyanobacteria / Cyanobacteriales / Nostocaceae / RicheliaFilamentous heterocyst‐forming, Gram‐stain‐negative, aerobic, phototrophic, N2‐fixing, and occurring either as free‐living or most often associated with several marine diatom genera (Rhizosolenia,Hemiaulus, andChaetoceros). Filaments (trichomes) contain variable numbers of sheathless vegetative cells and one terminal heterocyst. Filaments lack akinetes and have limited motility via gliding. Gas vesicles are absent. Cyanophycin granules can be present in vegetative cells and heterocysts. Glycogen appears as large deposits, and thylakoids are dispersed randomly. Reproduce by normal cell division and asynchronous with one host diatomRhizosolenia. DNA G + C content (mol%) from draft genomes varies 33–39%; genome size varies 3.42–6.04 Mb. Reduces atmospheric N2with nitrogenase. Known habitats are warm (24–27.5°C), marine, and oligotrophic seas with intermediate (32 PSU) to fully marine (36 PSU) salinities. Biogeochemically relevant as N2fixers and drivers of carbon export. Have been reported in all major ocean basins (Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian) and smaller seas (Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea).DNA G + C content (mol%): 33–39 (genome sequence).Type species:Richelia intracellularisSchmidt in Ostenfeld and Schmidt 1901.
Gulbenkiania
Authors: Manaia Célia M. , Vaz‐Moreira Ivone , Nunes Olga C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Gulbenkiania
(Gul.ben.ki.a'ni.a. N.L. fem. n.
Gulbenkiania
in honor of Calouste Gulbenkian (1869–1955), a protector of the arts and sciences in Portugal and founder of the Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian).

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Neisseriales / Chromobacteriaceae / Gulbenkiania

Rods
, non‐spore‐forming, and Gram‐staining‐negative. Motile by a single polar flagellum.
Aerobic
or facultatively aerobic chemoorganotrophic respiratory metabolism.
Mesophilic
, growing between 15 and 45°C. Shows positive reaction in the catalase and cytochrome
c
oxidase tests. Sole carbon sources include amino acids and organic acids. Sugars are not assimilated nor fermented. Anaerobic growth in the presence of nitrate is a variable trait. The DNA G + C content is 63 mol%. The major fatty acids are C
16:1
ω7
c
, C
16:0
, and C
18:1
ω7
c
. Phylogenetically, belongs to the family
Chromobacteriaceae
. The type species is
Gulbenkiania mobilis
, and the genus also includes
Gulbenkiania indica
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63–63.6 (HPLC), 63.6 (whole‐genome analysis).

Type species
:
Gulbenkiania mobilis
Vaz‐Moreira et al. 2007
VP
.
Predicting gamma evaluation results of patient‐specific head and neck volumetric‐modulated arc therapy quality assurance based on multileaf collimator patterns and fluence map features: A feasibility study
Authors: Thongsawad Sangutid , Srisatit Somyot , Fuangrod Todsaporn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model for patient‐specific VMAT QA results using multileaf collimator (MLC) effect and texture analysis. The MLC speed, acceleration and texture analysis features were extracted from 106 VMAT plans as predictors. Gamma passing rate (GPR) was collected as a response class with gamma criteria of 2%/2 mm and 3%/2 mm. The model was trained using two machine learning methods: AdaBoost classification and bagged regression trees model. GPR was classified into the “PASS” and “FAIL” for the classification model using the institutional warning level. The accuracy of the model was assessed using sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the accuracy of the regression model was determined using the difference between predicted and measured GPR. For the AdaBoost classification model, the sensitivity/specificity was 94.12%/100% and 63.63%/53.13% at gamma criteria of 2%/2 mm and 3%/2 mm, respectively. For the bagged regression trees model, the sensitivity/specificity was 94.12%/91.89% and 61.18%/68.75% at gamma criteria of 2%/2 mm and 3%/2 mm, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE) of difference between predicted and measured GPR was found at 2.44 and 1.22 for gamma criteria of 2%/2 mm and 3%/2 mm, respectively. The promising result was found at tighter gamma criteria 2%/2 mm with 94.12% sensitivity (both bagged regression trees and AdaBoost classification model) and 100% specificity (AdaBoost classification model).
Alterations in metabolic biomarkers and their potential role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Li Jin‐Yue , Cui Li‐Ying , Sun Xiao‐Han , Shen Dong‐chao , Yang Xun‐Zhe , Liu Qing , Liu Ming‐Sheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic dysfunction has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of metabolic biomarkers in the progression of ALS and understand the possible metabolic mechanisms.MethodsFifty‐two patients with ALS and 24 normal controls were included, and blood samples were collected for analysis of metabolic biomarkers. Basal anthropometric measures, including body composition and clinical features, were measured in ALS patients. The disease progression rate was calculated using the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS‐R) during the 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsALS patients had higher levels of adipokines (adiponectin, adipsin, resistin, and visfatin) and other metabolic biomarkers [C‐peptide, glucagon, glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), gastric inhibitory peptide, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1] than controls. Leptin levels in serum were positively correlated with body mass index, body fat, and visceral fat index (VFI). Adiponectin was positively correlated with the VFI and showed a positive correlation with the ALSFRS‐R and a negative correlation with baseline disease progression. Patients with lower body fat, VFI, and fat in limbs showed faster disease progression during follow‐ups. Lower leptin and adiponectin levels were correlated with faster disease progression. After adjusting for confounders, lower adiponectin levels and higher visfatin levels were independently correlated with faster disease progression.InterpretationThe current study found altered levels of metabolic biomarkers in ALS patients, which may play a role in ALS pathogenesis. Adiponectin and visfatin represent potential biomarkers for prediction of disease progression in ALS.
Holey Reduced Graphene Oxide Scaffolded Heterocyclic Aramid Fibers with Enhanced Mechanical Performance
Authors: Li Jiaqiang , Wen Yeye , Xiao Zhihua , Wang Shijun , Zhong Lixiang , Li Tao , Jiao Kun , Li Lanying , Luo Jiajun , Gao Zhenfei , Li Shuzhou , Zhang Zhong , Zhang Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPoly(p‐phenylene‐benzimidazole‐terephthalamide) (PBIA) fibers, a kind of heterocyclic aramid fibers, possess extraordinary mechanical properties and advanced applications in aerospace, military protection, and other civilian areas. However, harsh application scenarios are putting forward even stringent requirements for the mechanical performances and environmental compatibility of PBIA fibers. Strengthening lateral interactions between polymer chains are approachable methods but ongoing challenges to obtain PBIA fibers with high‐performance. This work develops a novel holey reduced‐graphene‐oxide (HrGO)/PBIA composite fiber with a scaffolded structure, in which the HrGO plays a role of clamp to effectively band plentiful PBIA chains through the in‐plane holes. A small amount of HrGO (0.075 wt%) is able to improve the tensile strength and Young's modulus of HrGO/PBIA fibers by 11.5% and 8.3%, respectively. The small amount of well dispersed HrGO improves the crystallinity and serves as the topological constraint that enhances the lateral interaction of the PBIA chains, which is unveiled by the wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and the coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations. In addition, the favorable compatibility of HrGO/PBIA fibers in complex application scenarios is demonstrated by the dynamic and cyclic‐loading measurements.
Bio‐Inspired Self‐Hydrophobized Sericin Adhesive with Tough Underwater Adhesion Enables Wound Healing and Fluid Leakage Sealing
Authors: Liu Huan , Qin Sumei , Liu Jia , Zhou Cheng , Zhu Yuanyuan , Yuan Ye , Fu Da'an , Lv Qiying , Song Yu , Zou Meizhen , Wang Zheng , Wang Lin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven that adhesion‐resistance of water severely weakens the bonding strength of tissue adhesives, instant adhesion to wet biological tissue surfaces remains challenging. Inspired by the robust underwater adhesion of natural creatures (such as mussels and barnacles whose underwater adhesion derives from the synergy of hydrophobic and adhesive matrix), a self‐hydrophobized adhesive is developed by co‐assembly of disulfide‐bond hydrolyzed hydrophobic natural sericin protein (a major component of silkworm silk fibers) and tannic acid. Once exposed to water, the self‐aggregation of hydrophobic chains within the adhesive repels water and enhances interfacial hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions, mechanistically leading to a robust (>0.5 MPa for solid plates and >0.1 MPa for tissues) and durable (still maintained at 0.4 Mpa even after five cycles) underwater adhesion. Owing to its robust underwater adhesion property, this adhesive possesses multiple advantages outperforming commercial adhesives, such as in vivo wound healing‐promoting effects, effective fluid leakage sealing, and rapid hemostasis activity. This study not only offers a novel strategy for designing and fabricating an underwater adhesive with natural protein but also provides a new adhesive for various potential applications, including promoting wound healing and hemostasis.
Anti‐Freezing Self‐Adhesive Self‐Healing Degradable Touch Panel with Ultra‐Stretchable Performance Based on Transparent Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Guo Xingkui , Yang Fan , Sun Xiaolu , Bai Yujiao , Liu Guanjun , Liu Wenbo , Wang Rongguo , He Xiaodong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of next‐generation touch panels requires sensors that are highly sensitive, biocompatible, transparent, stretchable, self‐healing, and even anti‐freezing and self‐powered because the traditional touch panel based on stiff and brittle electrodes faces many challenges. Conductive hydrogels hold great promise as sensing materials for the new‐generation touch panel. However, most hydrogel‐based touch panels are developed based on single‐function gel materials with a lack of the anti‐freezing and self‐power capabilities. Herein, the authors demonstrate a multi‐functional surface‐capacitive touch panel based on a triboelectric nanogenerator with an instantaneous peak power density of 209 mW m−2 that uses zwitterionic network hydrogels as a highly transparent (98.1% transmittance), ultra‐stretchable (>11 500% strain), degradable, and flexible ionic conductor. The panel can be utilized as a human‐machine interactive interface with fast response, high resolution, low parasitic capacitance, functional recovery instantly upon damage, and without sacrificing its functionalities even in the high stretch state (1600% areal strain) and at the subzero environment (<−20 °C). Epidermal touch panels are operated on arbitrary and complex surfaces, with outstanding input property demonstrated by writing, and playing computer games. Simultaneously, the multifunctional touch panel is degradable in phosphate buffered saline solution, and no pollution is caused.
Realizing Simultaneous X‐Ray Imaging and Dosimetry Using Phosphor‐Based Detectors with High Memory Stability and Convenient Readout Process
Authors: Yang Zetian , Hu Jieqi , Van der Heggen David , Feng Ang , Hu Hairong , Vrielinck Henk , Smet Philippe F. , Poelman Dirk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFlexible X‐ray storage phosphor sheets are regarded as promising alternatives to conventional electronic flat‐panel X‐ray detectors, enabling X‐ray imaging and dosimetry in less accessible situations. However, it is a challenge to develop phosphor‐based detectors with high memory stability and convenient readout processes. Here, an approach to realize this using radiation‐induced photoluminescence tuning in (Ba1‐xSrx)2SiO4:Eu phosphors is demonstrated, ascribed to the reduction of Eu3+ toward Eu2+. The associated photoluminescence spectral change and the accompanying color contrast in response to the radiation dose are exploited for simultaneous X‐ray dosimetry and imaging. The recorded image can be read out conveniently by a regular photo camera upon UV illumination and the radiation dose can be extracted during the imaging process in a ratiometric way via the green to red pixel intensity, avoiding the need for absolute intensity measurement. Moreover, the imaged information can be maintained for longer than 28 days and the plate can be reused for X‐ray detection after bleaching upon 420 nm illumination, exhibiting superior memory retention ability and good cycling resistance. These results reveal the great potential of (Ba1‐xSrx)2SiO4:Eu for X‐ray‐based microbeam radiation therapy and nondestructive inspection and are expected to stimulate research on phosphor‐based photoluminescence modulated detectors.
Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties and Improved Property Uniformity in Nd‐Doped PMN‐PT Relaxor Ferroelectric Single Crystals
Authors: Li Qian , Liu Yangbin , Liu Jinfeng , Song Kexin , Guo Haisheng , Li Fei , Xu Zhuo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRelaxor‐PbTiO3 crystals exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties (d33 > 2000 pC N−1 and k33 > 90%) and thus attractes widespread attention in the past two decades. However, the inevitable segregation of components during the crystal growth results in relatively low‐performance consistency of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) crystals, which seriously affects their practical applications. In this work, Nd3+ as A‐site substitution is introduced to improve the uniformity of electromechanical performance of PMN‐PT crystal. The results show that the crystal exhibits a high piezoelectric coefficient of 3000 pC N−1 in rhombohedral phase with a variation of 36%. The electron probe X‐ray microanalyzer indicates that the opposite separation characteristics of Nd3+ and Ti4+ lead to improved uniformity of piezoelectric performance along the crystal boule. The giant piezoelectricity in Nd‐doped PMN‐PT is attributed to the enhanced local structural heterogeneity introduced by doping Nd. Furthermore, the Nd‐doped PMN‐PT crystal shows the rhombohedral‐tetragonal phase transition temperature in the range of 74–87 °C, which indicates that Nd‐doped PMN‐PT crystal can be a promising candidate for the design of advanced piezoelectric transducers.
Structure‐Optimized Phosphorene for Super‐Stable Potassium Storage
Authors: Guan Jie , Rao Apparao M. , Zhou Jiang , Yu Xinzhi , Lu Bingan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFew‐layer phosphorene is a promising anode material in potassium‐ion batteries, yet suffers from poor electronic properties and large volume expansion during the potassiation/depotassiation process. In this study, a facile synthesis method for a high‐performance phosphorene‐carbon nanotubes/polyaniline ((P‐CNTs)/PANI) composite is reported. The CNTs in the (P‐CNTs)/PANI composite serve as electron transport channels and improve the conductivity of phosphorene, while the PANI coating alleviates the structural degradation caused by the volume expansion of phosphorene. This results in super‐stable, high‐performance potassium storage. Structure‐optimized (P‐CNTs)/PANI anodes combined with a potassium bis‐(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI)‐based electrolyte (3 m KFSI/dimethoxyethane) exhibits a high reversible capacity of 642.7 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and a maximum reversible capacity of 417.6 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1 during stable cycling. A capacity retention rate of 94% is observed after 500 stable cycles, while the average capacity decay rate per cycle is as low as 0.012%. Moreover, the anode exhibits an excellent rate performance of 147.8 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1. The results of the effect of the PANI coating show that (P‐CNTs)/PANI has a more stable structure and superior performance than P‐CNTs.
A Transparent, High‐Performance, and Stable Sb2S3 Photoanode Enabled by Heterojunction Engineering with Conjugated Polycarbazole Frameworks for Unbiased Photoelectrochemical Overall Water Splitting Devices
Authors: Wang Lei , Lian Weitao , Liu Bin , Lv Haifeng , Zhang Ying , Wu Xiaojun , Wang Tuo , Gong Jinlong , Chen Tao , Xu Hangxun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost, high‐performance, and durable photoanodes is essential in solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion. Sb2S3 is a low‐bandgap (≈1.7 eV) n‐type semiconductor with a maximum theoretical solar conversion efficiency of ≈28% for PEC water splitting. However, bulk Sb2S3 exhibits opaque characteristics and suffers from severe photocorrosion, and thus the use of Sb2S3 as a photoanode material remains underexploited. This study describes the design and fabrication of a transparent Sb2S3‐based photoanode by conformably depositing a thin layer of conjugated polycarbazole frameworks (CPF‐TCzB) onto the Sb2S3 film. This structural design creates a type‐II heterojunction between the CPF‐TCzB and the Sb2S3 with a suitable band‐edge energy offset, thereby, greatly enhancing the charge separation efficiency. The CPF‐TCzB/Sb2S3 hybrid photoanode exhibits a remarkable photocurrent density of 10.1 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode. Moreover, the thin CPF‐TCzB overlayer effectively inhibits photocorrosion of the Sb2S3 and enables long‐term operation for at least 100 h with ≈10% loss in photocurrent density. Furthermore, a standalone unbiased PEC tandem device comprising a CPF‐TCzB/Sb2S3 photoanode and a back‐illuminated Si photocathode can achieve a record solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of 5.21%, representing the most efficient PEC water splitting device of its kind.
Advances on Thermally Conductive Epoxy‐Based Composites as Electronic Packaging Underfill Materials—A Review
Authors: Wen Yingfeng , Chen Chao , Ye Yunsheng , Xue Zhigang , Liu Hongyuan , Zhou Xingping , Zhang Yun , Li Dequn , Xie Xiaolin , Mai Yiu‐Wing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe integrated circuits industry has been continuously producing microelectronic components with ever higher integration level, packaging density, and power density, which demand more stringent requirements for heat dissipation. Electronic packaging materials are used to pack these microelectronic components together, help to dissipate heat, redistribute stresses, and protect the whole system from the environment. They serve an important role in ensuring the performance and reliability of the electronic devices. Among various packaging materials, epoxy‐based underfills are often employed in flip‐chip packaging. However, widely used capillary underfill materials suffer from their low thermal conductivity, unable to meet the growing heat dissipation required of next‐generation IC chips with much higher power density. Many strategies have been proposed to improve the thermal conductivity of epoxy, but its application as underfill materials with complex performance requirements is still difficult. In fact, optimizing the combined thermal–electrical–mechanical–processing properties of underfill materials for flip‐chip packaging remains a great challenge. Herein, state‐of‐the‐art advances that have been made to satisfy the key requirements of capillary underfill materials are reviewed. Based on these studies, the perspectives for designing high‐performance underfill materials with novel microstructures in electronic packaging for high‐power density electronic devices are provided.