bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the performance of Aptima HIV-1 Quant Dx Assay with Abbott RealTime HIV Assay for viral load monitoring using plasma and Dried Blood Spots collected in Kenya
Authors: Mwau Matilu , Schaffer Sven , Kimani Humphrey , Kasiano Purity , Ogolla Francis , Ajema Elizabeth , Adoyo Scriven , Nyairo Ednah , Saleri Norah , Nair Sangeetha Vijaysri 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
HIV-1 viral Load (VL) testing is recommended for the monitoring of antiretroviral treatment. Dried Blood Spots (DBS) are an effective sample type in resource limited settings, where safe phlebotomy and reliable shipping are hard to guarantee. In HIV high burden countries, high throughput assays can improve access to testing services. The Hologic Aptima HIV-1 Quant Dx Assay (Aptima Assay) is a high throughput assay that runs on the CE-IVD approved Panther platform. The objectives of this study were to assess the performance characteristics of Aptima for VL monitoring using plasma and venous DBS specimens and to determine the stability of HIV-1 RNA in DBS.

Materials and methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 2227 HIV infected adults visiting health facilities in Nairobi and Busia, Kenya. Each provided a venous blood sample; plasma was prepared from 1312 samples while paired DBS samples and plasma were prepared from the remaining 915 samples. The agreement between the Aptima assay and the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Assay (Abbott RT) was analysed by comparing the HIV-1 VL in both assays at the medical decision point of 1000 copies/mL. To assess stability of HIV-1 RNA in DBS, VL in DBS spotted on day 0 were compared with that from the same DBS card after 21 days of storage at room temperature.

Results
Overall, 436 plasma samples had quantifiable results in both Aptima and Abbott RT. The agreement between the two assays at 1000 copies/mL was 97.48% with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9589 and gave a mean bias of 0.33 log copies/mL on Bland-Altman analysis. For fresh DBS, the agreement in both assays was 94.64% at 1000 copies/mL, with an r of 0.8692 and a mean bias of 0.35 log copies/mL. The overall agreement between DBS tested in Aptima on day 0 versus day 21 was 95.71%, with a mean bias of -0.154.

Conclusion
The Aptima HIV-1 Quant Dx assay is an accurate test for VL monitoring of HIV-1 using DBS and plasma sample types in Kenya.
Intracranial approach for sub-second monitoring of neurotransmitters during DBS electrode implantation does not increase infection rate
Authors: Liebenow Brittany , Williams Michelle , Wilson Thomas , Haq Ihtsham ul , Siddiqui Mustafa S. , Laxton Adrian W. , Tatter Stephen B. , Kishida Kenneth T. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Currently, sub-second monitoring of neurotransmitter release in humans can only be performed during standard of care invasive procedures like DBS electrode implantation. The procedure requires acute insertion of a research probe and additional time in surgery, which may increase infection risk. We sought to determine the impact of our research procedure, particularly the extended time in surgery, on infection risk.

Methods
We screened 602 patients who had one or more procedure codes documented for DBS electrode implantation, generator placement, programming, or revision for any reason performed at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center between January 2011 through October 2020 using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for infection. During this period, 116 patients included an IRB approved 30-minute research protocol, during the Phase 1 DBS electrode implantation surgery, to monitor sub-second neurotransmitter release. We used Fisher’s Exact test (FET) to determine if there was a significant change in the infection rate following DBS electrode implantation procedures that included, versus those that did not include, the neurotransmitter monitoring research protocol.

Results
Within 30-days following DBS electrode implantation, infection was observed in 1 (0.21%) out of 486 patients that did not participate in the research procedure and 2 (1.72%) of the 116 patients that did participate in the research procedure. Notably, all types of infection observed were typical of those expected for DBS electrode implantation.

Conclusion
Infection rates are not statistically different across research and non-research groups within 30-days following the research procedure (1.72% vs. 0.21%; p = 0.0966, FET). Our results demonstrate that the research procedures used for sub-second monitoring of neurotransmitter release in humans can be performed without increasing the rate of infection.
Maternal dietary folate intake with folic acid supplements and wheeze and eczema in children aged 2 years in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Masuda Hideyuki , Kobayashi Sumitaka , Miyashita Chihiro , Itoh Sachiko , Bamai Yu Ait , Saijo Yasuaki , Ito Yoshiya , Kishi Reiko , Ikeda-Araki Atsuko ,   Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group
Published: August 2022

Maternal intake of folic acid supplements is reportedly associated with the risk of early-onset allergies in offspring. However, only a few studies have considered the intake of both folic acid supplements and dietary folate. Here, the relationship between maternal intake of folic acid supplements and allergic symptoms such as wheeze and eczema in offspring was analyzed while considering dietary folate intake. We examined 84,361 mothers and 85,114 children in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. The participants were divided into three groups depending on maternal folic acid supplementation (“no use,” “occasional use,” and “daily use”). Each group was then subdivided into three groups based on total folic acid and dietary folate intake. Outcomes were determined considering the wheeze and eczema status of each child at the age of 2 years. The status was based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. It was found that 22.1% of the mothers took folic acid supplements daily. In contrast, 56.3% of the mothers did not take these supplements. Maternal intake of folic acid supplements was not associated with wheeze and eczema in the offspring. In contrast, only dietary folate intake was positively associated with wheeze at the age of 2 (adjusted odds ratio, 1.103; 95% confidence interval, 1.003–1.212). However, there is no scientific evidence of a biological mechanism that clarifies this result. Potential confounders such as other nutrition, outdoor/indoor air pollution, and genetic factors may have affected the results. Therefore, further studies on the association between maternal intake of folic acid and allergic symptoms at the age of 3 or above are needed to confirm the results of this study.
Trial registration
UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (number: UMIN000030786)
The impact of comorbid spinal pain in depression on work participation and clinical remission following brief or short psychotherapy. Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial with two-year follow-up
Authors: Wormgoor Marjon E. A. , Indahl Aage , Egeland Jens 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
This explorative study analyses the influence of baseline comorbid long-lasting spinal pain (CSP) on improvement of long term work participation and clinical remission of mental health illness following either brief coping-focussed or short-term psychotherapy for depression. Whether type of treatment modifies outcome with or without CSP is also analysed.

Design
A secondary post hoc subgroup analysis of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

Interventions
Brief or standard short psychotherapy.

Methods
Based on baseline assessment, the sample was subdivided into a subgroup with and a subgroup without CSP. Work participation and clinical remission of depression and anxiety were assessed as treatment outcome at two-year follow-up. Simple and multivariate logistic regression analyses, across the intervention arms, were applied to evaluate the impact of CSP on treatment outcome. Selected baseline variables were considered as potential confounders and included as variates if relevant. The modifying effect of CSP on treatment outcome was evaluated by including intervention modality as an interaction term.

Main results
Among the 236 participants with depressive symptoms, 83 participants (35%) were identified with CSP. In simple logistic regression analysis, CSP reduced improvements on both work participation and clinical remission rate. In the multivariate analysis however, the impact of CSP on work participation and on clinical remission were not significant after adjusting for confounding variables. Reduction of work participation was mainly explained by the higher age of the CSP participants and the reduced clinical remission by the additional co-occurrence of anxiety symptoms at baseline. The occurrence of CSP at baseline did not modify long term outcome of brief compared to short psychotherapy.

Conclusions
CSP at baseline reduced work participation and worsened remission of mental health symptoms two-year following psychotherapy. Older age and more severe baseline anxiety are associated to reduced effectiveness. Type of psychotherapy received did not contribute to differences.
The Visualization of a Nation: Tàpies and Catalonia, Emily Jenkins (2021)
Authors: Hayes Carolina 
Published: August 2022

Review of: The Visualization of a Nation: Tàpies and Catalonia, Emily Jenkins (2021)
Oxford: Legenda, 200 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78188-419-5, h/bk, £80.00/$110.00/€95.00
ISBN 978-1-78188-425-6, JSTOR e-book
Emotion and the Vertical Separation of Powers: Ultra-Vires Review by National (Constitutional) Courts, and EU and International Law
Authors: Polzin Monika 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Whether national (constitutional) courts are entitled to exercise ultra-vires review of the decisions of the European Court of Justice is not only a controversial question, but also one of the most emotive issues in European and constitutional law. This article questions firstly the general and often emotional criticism of national ultra-vires review in general and answers the fundamental question whether national ultra-vires review represents a threat or rather an asset to the rule of law at a national, European and international level. It argues that a national ultra-vires review is an important instrument to supervise the international judiciary provided that it is not abusive of the law. Secondly, the article analyses the PSPP Judgment and the Polish ultra-vires decision of October 21, 2021. It concludes that only the ultra-vires review of the German Constitutional Court meets the requirements for a rule of law based control. The final argument is that a rule of law based ultra-vires review should be seen as a crucial piece of the puzzle in the current process of delimiting vertical authority.
Direct growth of monolayer MoS2 on nanostructured silicon waveguides
Authors: Kuppadakkath Athira , Najafidehaghani Emad , Gan Ziyang , Tuniz Alessandro , Ngo Gia Quyet , Knopf Heiko , Löchner Franz J. F. , Abtahi Fatemeh , Bucher Tobias , Shradha Sai , Käsebier Thomas , Palomba Stefano , Felde Nadja , Paul Pallabi , Ullsperger Tobias , Schröder Sven , Szeghalmi Adriana , Pertsch Thomas , Staude Isabelle , Zeitner Uwe , George Antony , Turchanin Andrey , Eilenberger Falk 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report for the first time the direct growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers on nanostructured silicon-on-insulator waveguides. Our results indicate the possibility of utilizing the Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) on nanostructured photonic devices in a scalable process. Direct growth of 2D material on nanostructures rectifies many drawbacks of the transfer-based approaches. We show that the van der Waals material grow conformally across the curves, edges, and the silicon–SiO2 interface of the waveguide structure. Here, the waveguide structure used as a growth substrate is complex not just in terms of its geometry but also due to the two materials (Si and SiO2) involved. A transfer-free method like this yields a novel approach for functionalizing nanostructured, integrated optical architectures with an optically active direct semiconductor.
Lehnswesen revisited: Dänemark als regionaler Sonder- oder europäischer Normalfall im Mittelalter? Aufgaben und Perspektiven der Forschung
Authors: Auge Oliver 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Feudalism revisited: Denmark as a regional special or a European normal case in the Middle Ages? Research Tasks and Perspectives. In 1994, Susan Reynolds questioned the ideal type of the feudalism designed in the 19th and 20th centuries in her monograph “Fiefs and Vassals” fundamentally. While it has not been possible to refute Reynold’s theses entirely, some of their thrust could be taken from them by regional example studies. Apparently, there was a feudal system in the High Middle Ages, but with regional variants – not in the lawful pure form, as Heinrich Mitteis still held in the first half of the 20th century. The essay outlines the opportunities and perspectives of future mediaeval research on feudalism, using the promising regional case study of Denmark.
Ergänzungen zu „Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters und ihre Handschriften“
Authors: Oppitz Ulrich-Dieter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Addenda to ‚German medieval law Books and their manuscripts‘. This article presents newly discovered manuscripts and single leaves of German-language customary law books. It describes variations to the manusripts and single leaves listed in U.-D. Oppitz, “Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters”, vol. II, Cologne 1990.
Izutarō Suehiro (1888–1951), Uso no kōyō / Die Nützlichkeit der Lüge (1922)1)
Authors: Vogl Stefan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Izutarō Suehiro (1888–1951), Uso no kōyō The Utility of Lies (1922). This translation presents an essay by the influential professor for private law at Tokyo Imperial University, Izutarō Suehiro that gives some insight into the historical roots of modern Japanese civil law methodology as it highlights the shift in Japanese jurisprudence away from the so-called German ‘conceptual jurisprudence’. Rejecting the traditional formalistic application of rigid statutory law, which in Suehiro’s eyes forced judges regularly to resort to legal fictions and lies about the facts of a case in order to be able to deliver humane judgements, his new ‘Japan-compatible’ approach expected the judiciary to develop flexible case law, which would enable judges to achieve ‘concretely appropriate’ judgements. In this context the judiciary was no longer to assume litigants as rationally acting, self-concerned individuals in general, but to admit the possibility of irrational, altruistic etc. personalities and to adjust the application of law to these individual differences. This raises however concerns regarding the principle of equality before the law and the role of a democratically legitimated legislator.
Kompetenzorientierte Rechtsgeschichtsdidaktik
Authors: Hoffrogge Jan Matthias 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Competencies and the Didactics of Legal History. Intended as an exploration, the article proves first by means of a textbook analysis that previous, rather scattered didactic considerations of legal history can be connected to models and categories of history didactics. Second, it makes a proposal to systematise learning goals in the field of legal history at the level of competencies. Third, it points out possibilities for improvement, research gaps, and questions that arise from the special perspective of history didactics.
Milking It for All It’s Worth: The Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Maternal Nurturance, Lactation Quality, and Offspring Social Behavior
Authors: DeRosa Holly , Caradonna Salvatore G. , Tran Hieu , Marrocco Jordan , Kentner Amanda C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBreastfeeding confers robust benefits to offspring development in terms of growth, immunity, and neurophysiology. Similarly, improving environmental complexity, i.e., environmental enrichment (EE), contributes developmental advantages to both humans and laboratory animal models. However, the impact of environmental context on maternal care and milk quality has not been thoroughly evaluated, nor are the biological underpinnings of EE on offspring development understood. Here, Sprague Dawley rats were housed and bred in either EE or standard-housed (SD) conditions. EE dams gave birth to a larger number of pups, and litters were standardized and cross-fostered across groups on postnatal day (P)1. Maternal milk samples were then collected on P1 (transitional milk phase) and P10 (mature milk phase) for analysis. While EE dams spent less time nursing, postnatal enrichment exposure was associated with heavier offspring bodyweights. Milk from EE mothers had increased triglyceride levels, a greater microbiome diversity, and a significantly higher abundance of bacterial families related to bodyweight and energy metabolism. These differences reflected comparable transcriptomic changes at the genome-wide level. In addition to changes in lactational quality, we observed elevated levels of cannabinoid receptor 1 in the hypothalamus of EE dams, and sex-dependent and time-dependent effects of EE on offspring social behavior. Together, these results underscore the multidimensional impact of the combined neonatal and maternal environments on offspring development and maternal health. Moreover, they highlight potential deficiencies in the use of “gold standard” laboratory housing in the attempt to design translationally relevant animal models in biomedical research.
Tau target identification reveals NSF‐dependent effects on AMPA receptor trafficking and memory formation
Authors: Prikas Emmanuel , Paric Esmeralda , Asih Prita R , Stefanoska Kristie , Stefen Holly , Fath Thomas , Poljak Anne , Ittner Arne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicrotubule‐associated protein tau is a central factor in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. However, the physiological functions of tau are unclear. Here, we used proximity‐labelling proteomics to chart tau interactomes in primary neurons and mouse brains in vivo. Tau interactors map onto pathways of cytoskeletal, synaptic vesicle and postsynaptic receptor regulation and show significant enrichment for Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and prion disease. We find that tau interacts with and dose‐dependently reduces the activity of N‐ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein (NSF), a vesicular ATPase essential for AMPA‐type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) trafficking. Tau‐deficient (tau−/−) neurons showed mislocalised expression of NSF and enhanced synaptic AMPAR surface levels, reversible through the expression of human tau or inhibition of NSF. Consequently, enhanced AMPAR‐mediated associative and object recognition memory in tau−/− mice is suppressed by both hippocampal tau and infusion with an NSF‐inhibiting peptide. Pathologic mutant tau from mouse models or Alzheimer's disease significantly enhances NSF inhibition. Our results map neuronal tau interactomes and delineate a functional link of tau with NSF in plasticity‐associated AMPAR‐trafficking and memory.
The Essence of the Information and Communication Culture of a Primary School Teacher
Authors: Lushchynska Olena 
Published: August 2022

In the article the essence of the following concepts are analyzed and clarified: "culture" (education and upbringing level, as well as a field of competence or activity); "general culture" (a person’s general characteristics); "professional culture" (an integral characteristic of a person as a specialist which determines the level of his/her qualifications and authority in the professional environment); "pedagogical culture" (embodied in professional activities and depends on the level of society development, the teacher’s competence); "information", "communication" (outlined in the spiritual and psychological context of the process of human communication, characterized by the essence and forms of psychological contact as well as influence; "information culture" (a holistic subsystem of the person’s general professional culture, an indicator of the level of modern teachers’ professional competence, manifested in the understanding and ability to perceive different information and use information technology to create own interactive space); "information and communication culture" (a substructure of pedagogical culture, integrating professional knowledge, skills and abilities to work in the information environment, communication activities, knowledge of professional ethics and aesthetics using the proposed and creating own information products for educational activities), etc. The essence of the information culture of the teacher is substantiated, which, according to the author, is an interconnected component of both the general culture and pedagogical culture, as well as the culture of society as a whole. The levels of information culture in the general context of digitalization of society, as well as the development of information and communication literacy of modern teachers are analyzed.
The author's materials from the dissertation "Formation of information and communication culture of future primary school teachers in the process of professional training" for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (2021) are used in the article.
The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Environmental Education
Authors: Lisnik Anton , Parczewski Rafał 
Published: August 2022

The article substantiates the urgency of the problem of ecology, environmental protection, development of environmental awareness of the world population. Environmental education is a process that should be implemented at each level of education. It is proved that public awareness of environmental protection is an important element in the process of globalization. The increasing amount of waste caused also by the COVID-19 pandemic creates many threats to the environment. The authors believe that continuous increasing of human awareness is possible by means of staff, teachers, vocational training, and the various information campaigns implementation. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles can support activities conducted by schools or other educational institutions dealing with ecological issues in Poland. Through specialized functionalities, drones can effectively show the existing threats to the natural environment. This type of activity may contribute to the visualization of pollution, fires, floods, or other dangerous environmental phenomena. It is emphasized that photos or videos data can be used in the general education system. The possibilities of primary and general secondary education in the formation of ecological knowledge and skills of children and youth are determined. The analysis of the content of the curriculum for Polish schools, including lessons in geography, biology, technology, chemistry, ethics, basics of entrepreneurship, and others, on their environmental orientation was carried out. Emphasis is placed on the necessity to improve teachers’ skills, their non-formal education by means of environmental seminars, training, workshops, etc.