bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Research: Nonclinical
Authors: Lewis, Neil A. , Niederdeppe Jeff 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Health communication scholars are often interested in drawing causal inferences between communication variables, health behaviors, and health outcomes. Experiments offer powerful tools for understanding causal relationships in health communication research but may or may not be appropriate given the interests of the researcher and the nature of the communication phenomena of interest. This entry begins by distinguishing between true experiments (which involve random assignment) and quasi‐experiments (which do not). It continues with a discussion of ethical issues to consider when deciding whether or not to use experiments for health communication research. It describes a variety of potential uses of experiments to answer important questions in health communication, including formative research to inform decisions about a campaign, evaluation research to test the effectiveness of a communication intervention, research to understand the relative contribution of communication within larger health interventions, and research to test and refine theories relevant to health communication. It concludes with reflection on a variety of contemporary issues in the use of experiments for health communication research, including difficulty in capturing the complexity of the networked digital information environment, diversity in research participants, replicability and reproducibility, open science, and preregistration.
Kinetic Co‐assembly Pathway Induced Chirality Inversion Along with Morphology Transition
Authors: Gao Laiben , Xing Chao , Dou Xiaoqiu , Zou Yunqing , Zhao Changli , Feng Chuanliang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKinetic co‐assembly pathway induced chirality inversion along with morphology transition is of importance to understand biological processes, but still remains a challenge to realize in artificial systems. Herein, helical nanofibers consisting of phenylalanine‐based enantiomers (L/DPF) successfully transform into kinetically trapped architectures with opposite helicity through a kinetic co‐assembly pathway. By contrast, the co‐assemblies obtained by a thermodynamic pathway exhibit non‐helical structures. The formation sequence of non‐covalent interactions plays a crucial role in structural chirality of co‐assemblies. For the kinetic pathway, the hydrogen bonding between D/LPF and naphthylamide derivatives forms before π‐π stacking to facilitate the formation of helical structures with inverse handedness. This study may provide an approach to explore chirality inversion accompanied by morphology transition by manipulating the kinetic co‐assembly pathway.
Laser renal denervation: A comprehensive evaluation of microstructural renal artery lesions
Authors: Vakhrushev Aleksandr D. , Condori Leandro Heber Ivan , Goncharova Natalia S. , Korobchenko Lev E. , Mitrofanova Lubov B. , Makarov Igor A. , Andreeva Elizaveta M. , Lebedev Dmitry S. , Mikhaylov Evgeny N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRenal artery denervation (RDN) has been proposed for resistant arterial hypertension. Beyond conventional radiofrequency (RF) ablation, there are emerging RDN technologies, including laser catheter ablation. We aimed at evaluamting the local effects of laser ablation on the renal artery and perivascular nerve injury in comparison with radiofrequency ablation. Thirteen pigs (mean weight 36.7 ± 4.7 kg, age 3 months) were divided into three groups: (1) laser ablation in normotensive pigs (LA; n = 3), (2) bipolar RF ablation in normotensive pigs (RF; n = 7), and (3) a sham group (SHAM; n = 3). Transcatheter laser and RF ablations were performed under general anesthesia. After euthanasia, pathology and immunohistochemical studies were performed. Artery wall and perivascular nerve lesions were found in the LA and RF groups. A lower rate of intimal microdissections was evaluated after laser ablation when compared with RF ablation (0 vs. 1.5 [1;2.75] per artery; p < .05). There was a numerical prevalence of nerves with tyrosine hydroxylase expression loss after laser RDN when compared with RF ablation (16.7 [4; 18] vs. 9.1 [0;18] per specimen). Laser ablation is noninferior to RF ablation regarding perivascular nerve injury and is associated with less intimal layer damage.
Dauerhafte Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen – Aktuelle DBV‐Schriften – ein gesammelter Wissensschatz
Authors: Fingerloos Frank , Urban Susanne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDas DBV‐Merkblatt „Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen“ mit den ergänzenden DBV‐Heften 42 und 46 gehört zu den Publikationen in der umfangreichen DBV‐Schriftensammlung, die sich dem Thema Parkbauten widmen. Ziel dieser Schriften ist es u. a., den Praktikern in Planung und Bauausführung Planungsgrundlagen, Lösungen für Detailpunkte, Ausführungshinweise und v. a. Maßnahmen zur Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden Dauerhaftigkeit von Parkbauten aufbereitet zur Verfügung zu stellen. Dabei werden viele für Planung und Bau von Parkbauten maßgebende Leitlinien zusammengefasst, die sich in der Praxis bewährt haben. In Kürze wird ein aktualisierter Nachdruck 2022 zum DBV‐Merkblatt „Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen“ auf Basis der Fassung vom Januar 2018 veröffentlicht werden. Dieser Beitrag stellt die DBV‐Schriften, ihre Inhalte, Zielsetzungen und Zusammenhänge untereinander dar und erläutert die vorgenommenen Änderungen im aktualisierten Merkblatt‐Nachdruck.
Continuous Flow Biocatalytic Reductive Amination by Co‐Entrapping Dehydrogenases with Agarose Gel in a 3D‐Printed Mould Reactor
Authors: Croci Federico , Vilím Jan , Adamopoulou Theodora , Tseliou Vasilis , Schoenmakers Peter J. , Knaus Tanja , Mutti Francesco G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, we show how the merge of biocatalysis with flow chemistry aided by 3D‐printing technologies can facilitate organic synthesis. This concept was exemplified for the reductive amination of benzaldehyde catalysed by co‐immobilised amine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase in a continuous flow micro‐reactor. For this purpose, we investigated enzyme co‐immobilisation by covalent binding, or ion‐affinity binding, or entrapment. Entrapment in an agarose hydrogel turned out to be the most promising solution for this biocatalytic reaction. Therefore, we developed a scalable and customisable approach whereby an agarose hydrogel containing the co‐entrapped dehydrogenases was cast in a 3D‐printed mould. The reactor was applied to the reductive amination of benzaldehyde in continuous flow over 120 h and afforded 47 % analytical yield and a space‐time yield of 7.4 g L day−1 using 0.03 mol% biocatalysts loading. This work also exemplifies how rapid prototyping of enzymatic reactions in flow can be achieved through 3D‐printing technology.
Reactivity of E4 (E4=P4, As4, AsP3) towards Low‐Valent Al(I) and Ga(I) Compounds
Authors: Haimerl Maria , Piesch Martin , Yadav Ravi , Roesky Peter W. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe reactivity of yellow arsenic and the interpnictogen compound AsP3 towards low‐valent group 13 compounds was investigated. The reactions of [LAl] (1, L=[{N(C6H3iPr2‐2,6)C(Me)}2CH]−) with As4 and AsP3 lead to [(LAl)2(μ,η1:1:1:1‐E4)] (E4=As4 (3 b), AsP3 (3 c)) by insertion of two fragments [LAl] into two of the six E−E edges of the E4 tetrahedra. Furthermore, the reaction of [LGa] (2) with E4 afforded [LGa(η1:1‐E4)] (E4=As4 (4 b), AsP3 (4 c)). In these compounds, only one E−E bond of the E4 tetrahedra was cleaved. These compounds represent the first examples of the conversion of yellow arsenic and AsP3, respectively, with group 13 compounds. Furthermore, the reactivity of the gallium complexes towards unsaturated transition metal units or polypnictogen (En) ligand complexes was investigated. This leads to the heterobimetallic compounds [(LGa)(μ,η2:1:1‐P4)(LNi)] (5 a), [(Cp’’’Co)(μ,η4:1:1‐E4)(LGa)] (E=P (6 a), As (6 b), Cp’’’=η5‐C5H2tBu3) and [(Cp’’’Ni)(η3:1:1‐E3)(LGa)] (E=P (7 a), As (7 b)), which combine two different ligand systems in one complex (nacnac and Cp) as well as two different types of metals (main group and transition metals). The products were characterized by crystallographic and spectroscopic methods.
Analysis and validations of operation behaviors for dual active bridge‐based unified power quality conditioner under different working conditions
Authors: Zhao Xiaojun , Bai Pengshuo , Zhang Chunjiang , Zhao Zhide , Wang Xiaohuan , Guo Xiaoqiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a dual active bridge‐based unified power quality conditioner (DAB‐UPQC) is constructed to solve the bulky issue caused by a line‐frequency transformer (LFT) in conventional UPQC. Since there is no LFT, the constructed DAB‐UPQC is easier to realize modular manufacturing, which further increases the flexibility of system. After adding DAB, the UPQC will present two obvious changes as follows: (a) Almost all of the grid input current flows through the series converter, resulting in an increase in the current stress of switches in the series converter. (b) The dc link is allowed to contain both low‐ and high‐voltage amplitudes due to the voltage ratio of high‐frequency transformer in DAB. Considering these two changes, the operation behaviors of DAB‐UPQC are analyzed in detail, which has the valuable significance for designs of DAB, series and parallel converters. Additionally, the characteristics and implementation conditions of soft‐switching for DAB with single‐phase‐shift (SPS) modulation are analyzed and discussed, and the battery bank is integrated on the low‐voltage side of dc link to provide continuous power to the load in the event of the grid outage or failure. Finally, the operation performances of DAB‐UPQC under the conditions of grid voltage sag/swell, nonlinear load, and grid outage are verified by using a hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) experimental platform.
Human food subsidies drive individual specialization and intrapopulation dietary differences in a generalist predator
Authors: West Elena H. , Jones Harrison H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGeneralist species can exhibit individual specialization (IS), where individuals adopt specialized foraging behaviors not attributable to age, sex, or social dominance. While IS increases with the diversity of available foraging resources (ecological opportunity), the potential impact of human food subsidies on ecological opportunity is unknown. We quantified the isotopic niche width of Steller's Jays (Cyanocitta stelleri), a synanthropic predator and dietary generalist, across a gradient of human land‐use categories ranging from subsidized (park campgrounds) to unsubsidized (forest interior) habitats in a protected area in California. We asked (1) if isotopic niche width was better predicted by individual foraging behavior than sex, social dominance, or habitat category (indicating IS) and (2) if degree of IS exhibited by jays increased with the availability of human food subsidies. We characterized the isotopic niche space occupied by individual jays relative to the population using carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values. Using linear models, we found that jay diet variation was best explained by individual behavior and habitat use rather than by sex or social dominance. While the degree of IS increased with the availability of human foods, individual jays exhibited a variety of foraging behaviors in all habitats that were segregated by foraging stratum and use of human foods. Individual diet also determined the degree of specialization, as jays that specialized on human foods had the narrowest niche width regardless of habitat. Management efforts targeted at generalist wildlife exhibiting large degrees of IS should therefore account for the impact of food subsidies on foraging behavior. Approaches that involve aversive conditioning may fail where highly specialized individuals are unlikely to encounter treatments; therefore, we recommend simultaneous efforts to limit human food subsidies (e.g., information campaigns and improved containment of human food and food waste), and deployment across the largest possible extent of foraging microhabitats and substrates in order to ensure exposure of whole populations to emetic eggs.
What's in a name? Laypeople's understanding of medical roles and titles
Authors: Hause Emily , Praska Corinne , Pitt Michael B. , Hendrickson Marissa A. , Charpentier Victoria , Allen Katherine A. , Gotlieb Rachael , Lunos Scott , Marmet Jordan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhysicians regularly use jargon in patient communication, which can lead to confusion and misunderstanding.ObjectiveTo assess the general public's understanding of names and roles of medical specialties and job seniority titles.DesignsVolunteer participants completed an electronic survey, filling‐in‐the‐blanks for 14 medical specialties (e.g., “pediatricians are doctors who take care of _____”), and ranked physician titles in order of experience (medical student, intern, senior resident, fellow, attending).SettingThe 2021 Minnesota State Fair.ParticipantsVolunteers >18 years old without medical or nursing training.Main Outcome and MeasuresWe summarized responses with descriptive statistics. Two researchers coded open‐ended answers as correct, partially correct, or incorrect, with a third researcher for coding discrepancies.ResultsTwo hundred and four participants completed the survey (55% female; mean age 43; 67% of respondents with a bachelor's degree or higher). Of 14 medical specialties listed on the survey, respondents most accurately identified dermatologists (94%) and cardiologists (93%). Six specialties were understood by less than half of the respondents: neonatologists (48%), pulmonologists (43%), hospitalists (31%), intensivists (29%), internists (21%), and nephrologists (20%). Twelve percent of participants correctly identified medical roles in rank order. Most participants (74%) correctly identified medical students as the least experienced. Senior residents were most often identified as the most experienced (44%), with just 27% of respondents correctly placing the attending there. We conclude that medical professionals should recognize that titles are a common source of misunderstanding among the general public and should describe their role when introducing themselves to minimize confusion.
A fully explicit staggered algorithm for near‐field wave propagation of fluid‐saturated porous media based on u‐p dynamic formulation
Authors: Liang Li , Jingru Xu , Xiuli Du , Jia Song 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNear‐field wave propagation of the fluid‐saturated porous media (FSPM) is an important issue in soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering. In the current study, a fully explicit staggered algorithm for the near‐field wave propagation analysis of the FSPM in the time domain is developed based on the u‐p dynamic formulation. The decoupling of dynamic formulation is implemented by the diagonalization of the mass matrix and pore fluid compressibility matrix. The central difference method and Newmark constant average acceleration method are used for the solution of the displacement and velocity of solid skeleton, and the backward difference method is used for the solution of pore fluid pressure in the time domain. The effectiveness and feasibility of the matrix diagonalization are verified by the comparison with the classical numerical algorithm. The proposed algorithm is also validated by the comparison of the numerical results with the corresponding analytical solution results. Combing with the transmitting artificial boundary condition, the proposed algorithm is then applied to investigate the seismic response of a FSPM free field, and its applicability to the typical near‐field wave propagation problems of the FSPM is indicated. The stability analysis of the proposed algorithm is finally conducted, and the corresponding stability criterion is presented. For the proposed algorithm, all the dynamic variables of the FSPM are solved in an iterative way and the coupling dynamic equations need not to be solved at each time step. The computational effort can be reduced considerably, and the computational efficiency can be improved remarkably.
Anatomy of kaon decays and prospects for lepton flavour universality violation
Authors: D’Ambrosio G. , Iyer A. M. , Mahmoudi F. , Neshatpour S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The kaon sector is characterised by several processes which are under active investigation across different experiments. In this work, we present the global picture that emerges from a study of the different decay modes. We begin by revisiting the theoretical component of these decays and providing up-to-date predictions of the Standard Model as well as the corresponding uncertainties. Several new features emerge, in particular for KS,L → $$ \mu \overline{\mu} $$
μ

μ
¯

, and are presented in considerable detail. This offers an ideal platform for extracting the parameter space supported by the existing data. Motivated by possible lepton flavour universality violation in B decays, we investigate such Beyond the Standard Model effects also in rare kaon decays. Without loss of generality, our primary analyses correspond to the paradigm where the Wilson coefficients for operators involving tau leptons are chosen to be equal to that involving the muon, i.e. δCτ = δCμ. We conclude by presenting the possible picture that can be achieved towards the end of the run of data accumulation in the planned experiments. This includes assumptions on possible sensitivity goals that the experiments can aim to achieve, in order to extract the kind of physics highlighted in this paper.
Reconciling the contour-improved and fixed-order approaches for τ hadronic spectral moments. Part II. Renormalon norm and application in αs determinations
Authors: Benitez-Rathgeb Miguel A. , Boito Diogo , Hoang André H. , Jamin Matthias 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a previous article, we have shown that the discrepancy between the fixed-order (FOPT) and contour-improved (CIPT) perturbative expansions for τ hadronic spectral function moments, which had affected the precision of αs determinations for many years, may be reconciled by employing a renormalon-free (RF) scheme for the gluon condensate (GC) matrix element. In addition, the perturbative convergence of spectral function moments with a sizeable GC correction can be improved. The RF GC scheme depends on an IR factorization scale R and the normalization Ng of the GC renormalon. In the present work, we use three different methods to determine Ng, yielding a result with an uncertainty of 40%. Following two recent state-of-the-art strong coupling determination analyses at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^5 $$

α
s
5

), we show that using the renormalon-free GC scheme successfully reconciles the results for αs($$ {m}_{\tau}^2 $$

m
τ
2

) based on CIPT and FOPT. The uncertainties due to variations of R and the uncertainty of Ng only lead to a small or moderate increase of the final uncertainty of αs($$ {m}_{\tau}^2 $$

m
τ
2

), and affect mainly the CIPT expansion method. The FOPT and CIPT results obtained in the RF GC scheme may be consistently averaged. The RF GC scheme thus constitutes a powerful new ingredient for future analyses of τ hadronic spectral function moments.
The PADME beam line Monte Carlo simulation
Authors:   The PADME collaboration, Bossi F. , Branchini P. , Buonomo B. , Capirossi V. , Caricato A. P. , Chiodini G. , De Sangro R. , Di Giulio C. , Domenici D. , Ferrarotto F. , Fiore S. , Finocchiaro G. , Foggetta L. G. , Frankenthal A. , Garattini M. , Georgiev G. , Ghigo A. , Gianotti P. , Iazzi F. , Ivanov S. , Ivanov Sv. , Kozhuharov V. , Leonardi E. , Long E. , Martino M. , Oceano I. , Oliva F. , Organtini G. C. , Pinna F. , Piperno G. , Raggi M. , Sarra I. , Simeonov R. , Spadaro T. , Spagnolo S. , Spiriti E. , Tagnani D. , Taruggi C. , Valente P. , Variola A. , Vilucchi E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The PADME experiment at the DAΦNE Beam-Test Facility (BTF) of the INFN Laboratory of Frascati is designed to search for invisible decays of dark sector particles produced in electron-positron annihilation events with a positron beam and a thin fixed target, by measuring the missing mass of single-photon final states. The presence of backgrounds originating from beam halo particles can significantly reduce the sensitivity of the experiment. To thoroughly understand the origin of the beam background contribution, a detailed Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation has been developed, containing a full description of the detector together with the beam line and its optical elements. This simulation allows the full interactions of each particle to be described, both during beam line transport and during detection, a possibility which represents an innovative way to obtain reliable background predictions.
Tumor microenvironment antigens
Authors: Andersen Mads Hald 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe identification and characterization of tumor antigens are central objectives in developing anti-cancer immunotherapy. Traditionally, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are considered relatively restricted to tumor cells (i.e., overexpressed proteins in tumor cells), whereas tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) are considered unique to tumor cells. Recent studies have focused on identifying patient-specific neoantigens, which might be highly immunogenic because they are not expressed in normal tissues. The opposite strategy has emerged with the discovery of anti-regulatory T cells (anti-Tregs) that recognize and attack many cell types in the tumor microenvironment, such as regulatory immune cells, in addition to tumor cells. The term proposed in this review is “tumor microenvironment antigens” (TMAs) to describe the antigens that draw this attack. As therapeutic targets, TMAs offer several advantages that differentiate them from more traditional tumor antigens. Targeting TMAs leads not only to a direct attack on tumor cells but also to modulation of the tumor microenvironment, rendering it immunocompetent and tumor-hostile. Of note, in contrast to TAAs and TSAs, TMAs also are expressed in non-transformed cells with consistent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression. Inflammation often induces HLA expression in malignant cells, so that targeting TMAs could additionally affect tumors with no or very low levels of surface HLA expression. This review defines the characteristics, differences, and advantages of TMAs compared with traditional tumor antigens and discusses the use of these antigens in immune modulatory vaccines as an attractive approach to immunotherapy. Different TMAs are expressed by different cells and could be combined in anti-cancer immunotherapies to attack tumor cells directly and modulate local immune cells to create a tumor-hostile microenvironment and inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Immune modulatory vaccines offer an approach for combinatorial therapy with additional immunotherapy including checkpoint blockade, cellular therapy, or traditional cancer vaccines. These combinations would increase the number of patients who can benefit from such therapeutic measures, which all have optimal efficiency in inflamed tumors.