bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The COVID-19 hospitalization metric in the pre- and postvaccination eras as a measure of pandemic severity: A retrospective, nationwide cohort study
Authors: Fillmore Nathanael R. , La Jennifer , Zheng Chunlei , Doron Shira , Do Nhan V. , Monach Paul A. , Branch-Elliman Westyn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization definitions do not include a disease severity assessment. Thus, we sought to identify a simple and objective mechanism for identifying hospitalized severe cases and to measure the impact of vaccination on trends.Methods:All admissions to a Veterans’ Affairs (VA) hospital, where routine inpatient screening is recommended, between March 1, 2020, and November 22, 2021, with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included. Moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was defined as any oxygen supplementation or any oxygen saturation (SpO2) <94% between 1 day before and 2 weeks after the positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Admissions with moderate-to-severe disease were divided by the total number of admissions, and the proportion of admissions with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was modelled using a penalized spline in a Poisson regression and stratified by vaccination status. Dexamethasone receipt and its correlation with moderate-to-severe cases was also assessed.Results:Among 67,025 admissions with SARS-CoV-2, the proportion with hypoxemia or supplemental oxygen fell from 64% prior to vaccine availability to 56% by November 2021, driven in part by lower rates in vaccinated patients (vaccinated, 52% versus unvaccinated, 58%). The proportion of cases of moderate-to-severe disease identified using SpO2 levels and oxygen supplementation was highly correlated with dexamethasone receipt (correlation coefficient, 0.95), and increased after July 1, 2021, concurrent with δ (delta) variant predominance.Conclusions:A simple and objective definition of COVID-19 hospitalizations using SpO2 levels and oxygen supplementation can be used to track pandemic severity. This metric could be used to identify risk factors for severe breakthrough infections, to guide clinical treatment algorithms, and to detect trends in changes in vaccine effectiveness over time and against new variants.
Predicting evaporation rates of droplet arrays
Authors: Fairhurst David J. 
Published: January 2022

The evaporation of multiple sessile droplets is both scientifically interesting and practically important, occurring in many natural and industrial applications. Although there are simple analytic expressions to predict evaporation rates of single droplets, there are no such frameworks for general configurations of droplets of arbitrary size, contact angle or spacing. However, a recent theoretical contribution by Masoud, Howell & Stone (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 927, 2021, R4) shows how considerable insight can be gained into the evaporation of arbitrary configurations of droplets without having either to obtain the solution for the concentration of vapour in the atmosphere or to perform direct numerical simulations of the full problem. The theoretical predictions show excellent agreement with simulations for all configurations, only deviating by 25 % for the most confined droplets.
Environmental Crises at the End of Safavid History: The Collapse of Iran's Early Modern Imperial Ecology, 1666–1722
Authors: Gustafson James , Speer James 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe 17th century was a period of transition in world history. It was marked globally by social movements emerging in response to widespread drought, famine, disease, warfare, and dislocation linked to climate change. Historians have yet to situate Safavid Iran (1501–1722) within the “General Crisis.” This article, coauthored by an environmental historian and a climate scientist, revisits primary sources and incorporates tree-ring evidence to argue that an ecological crisis beginning in the late 17th century contributed to the collapse of the imperial ecology of the Safavid Empire. A declining resource base and demographic decline conditioned the unraveling of imperial networks and the empire's eventual fall to a small band of Afghan raiders in 1722. Ultimately, this article makes a case for the connectedness of Iran to broader global environmental trends in this period, with local circumstances and human agency shaping a period of acute environmental crisis in Iran.
Focal meato-mastoid fistula closure using bony sigmoid sinus plate
Authors: Indorewala S , Parelkar K , Indorewala A , Mahajan G , Shere D 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of using the bony sigmoid sinus plate for repair of meato-mastoid fistulae.MethodA retrospective study of all cases between January 2013 and December 2019 at our secondary-tertiary centre was conducted. Inclusion criteria for study were: (1) cases with focal meato-mastoid fistulae and (2) focal meato-mastoid fistulae that were repaired by using bony sigmoid sinus plate using the bony sigmoid sinus plate technique. There were 13 cases that fulfilled these criteria.ResultsThe outcome of the repair of meato-mastoid fistulae with bony sigmoid sinus plate was very encouraging. All 13 cases did well. Two patients had delayed epithelialisation at 9 and 12 months after surgery.ConclusionThe technique of repairing meato-mastoid fistulae by using bony sigmoid sinus plate is simple, repeatable and provides effective physiological reconstruction of the posterior canal wall. Bony sigmoid sinus plate is easily and locally available in all cases undergoing cortical mastoidectomy. This plate of bone has a curvature, consistency and structure that match well with that of the posterior or superior canal wall. In addition, this technique is cost-effective with good patient compliance.
Negative association between anterior insula activation and resilience during sustained attention: an fMRI twin study
Authors: Montalto Arthur , Park Haeme R. P. , Williams Leanne M. , Korgaonkar Mayuresh S. , Chilver Miranda R. , Jamshidi Javad , Schofield Peter R. , Gatt Justine M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile previous studies have suggested that higher levels of cognitive performance may be related to greater wellbeing and resilience, little is known about the associations between neural circuits engaged by cognitive tasks and wellbeing and resilience, and whether genetics or environment contribute to these associations.MethodsThe current study consisted of 253 monozygotic and dizygotic adult twins, including a subsample of 187 early-life trauma-exposed twins, with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data from the TWIN-E study. Wellbeing was measured using the COMPAS-W Wellbeing Scale while resilience was defined as a higher level of positive adaptation (higher levels of wellbeing) in the presence of trauma exposure. We probed both sustained attention and working memory processes using a Continuous Performance Task in the scanner.ResultsWe found significant negative associations between resilience and activation in the bilateral anterior insula engaged during sustained attention. Multivariate twin modelling showed that the association between resilience and the left and right insula activation was mostly driven by common genetic factors, accounting for 71% and 87% of the total phenotypic correlation between these variables, respectively. There were no significant associations between wellbeing/resilience and neural activity engaged during working memory updating.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that greater resilience to trauma is associated with less activation of the anterior insula during a condition requiring sustained attention but not working memory updating. This possibly suggests a pattern of ‘neural efficiency’ (i.e. more efficient and/or attenuated activity) in people who may be more resilient to trauma.
Manualized group cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety in first-episode psychosis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lepage Martin , Bowie Christopher R. , Montreuil Tina , Baer Larry , Percie du Sert Olivier , Lecomte Tania , Joober Ridha , Abdel-Baki Amal , Jarvis G. Eric , Margolese Howard C. , De Benedictis Luigi , Schmitz Norbert , Malla Ashok K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSocial anxiety (SA), a prevalent comorbid condition in psychotic disorders with a negative impact on functioning, requires adequate intervention relatively early. Using a randomized controlled trial, we tested the efficacy of a group cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention for SA (CBT-SA) that we developed for youth who experienced the first episode of psychosis (FEP). For our primary outcome, we hypothesized that compared to the active control of group cognitive remediation (CR), the CBT-SA group would show a reduction in SA that would be maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. For secondary outcomes, it was hypothesized that the CBT-SA group would show a reduction of positive and negative symptoms and improvements in recovery and functioning.MethodNinety-six patients with an FEP and SA, recruited from five different FEP programs in the Montreal area, were randomized to 13 weekly group sessions of either CBT-SA or CR intervention.ResultsLinear mixed models revealed that multiple measures of SA significantly reduced over time, but with no significant group differences. Positive and negative symptoms, as well as functioning improved over time, with negative symptoms and functioning exhibiting a greater reduction in the CBT-SA group.ConclusionsWhile SA decreased over time with both interventions, a positive effect of the CBT-SA intervention on measures of negative symptoms, functioning, and self-reported recovery at follow-up suggests that our intervention had a positive effect that extended beyond symptoms specific to SA.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02294409.
Consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations
Authors: Husereau Don , Drummond Michael , Augustovski Federico , de Bekker-Grob Esther , Briggs Andrew H. , Carswell Chris , Caulley Lisa , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Greenberg Dan , Loder Elizabeth , Mauskopf Josephine , Mullins C. Daniel , Petrou Stavros , Pwu Raoh-Fang , Staniszewska Sophie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHealth economic evaluations are comparative analyses of alternative courses of action in terms of their costs and consequences. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement, published in 2013, was created to ensure health economic evaluations are identifiable, interpretable, and useful for decision making. It was intended as guidance to help authors report accurately which health interventions were being compared and in what context, how the evaluation was undertaken, what the findings were, and other details that may aid readers and reviewers in interpretation and use of the study. The new CHEERS 2022 statement replaces previous CHEERS reporting guidance. It reflects the need for guidance that can be more easily applied to all types of health economic evaluation, new methods and developments in the field, as well as the increased role of stakeholder involvement including patients and the public. It is also broadly applicable to any form of intervention intended to improve the health of individuals or the population, whether simple or complex, and without regard to context (such as health care, public health, education, social care, etc.). This summary article presents the new CHEERS 2022 28-item checklist and recommendations for each item. The CHEERS 2022 statement is primarily intended for researchers reporting economic evaluations for peer-reviewed journals, as well as the peer reviewers and editors assessing them for publication. However, we anticipate familiarity with reporting requirements will be useful for analysts when planning studies. It may also be useful for health technology assessment bodies seeking guidance on reporting, as there is an increasing emphasis on transparency in decision making.
Extended generator and associated martingales for M/G/1 retrial queue with classical retrial policy and general retrial times
Authors: Meziani S. , Kernane T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA retrial queue with classical retrial policy, where each blocked customer in the orbit retries for service, and general retrial times is modeled by a piecewise deterministic Markov process (PDMP). From the extended generator of the PDMP of the retrial queue, we derive the associated martingales. These results are used to derive the conditional expected number of customers in the orbit in the transient regime.
The Act of Singing: Women, Music, and the Politics of Truth and Reconciliation in Indonesia
Authors: WEINTRAUB ANDREW N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract (English/Indonesian)In this article, I show how the Dialita women’s choir uses music to contest the ongoing denial of state-sponsored violence that followed the Indonesian tragedy of 1965–66, particularly as it impacted women. More specifically, Dialita uses their experiences and positionalities as women to perform an alternative collective memory for younger generations of Indonesians. Composed in prison, Dialita’s musical repertoire memorialises the affects and effects of imprisonment, exile, trauma, and survival. Due to government censure and public condemnation, the songs had been silenced by the Indonesian state and hidden underground from the public since the Indonesian tragedy. In the early 2000s, the women of Dialita formed a musical group and courageously began performing in public, collaborating with young musicians and recording the songs. I contend that women’s collective singing is an act of critical remembrance, opening a new front in struggles for truth and reconciliation, especially when juridical appeals and strategies have been rebuffed.
Comment on “On the Rootless Nature of a Devonian Suture in SW Iberia (Ossa‐Morena Complex, Variscan Orogen): Geometry and Kinematics of the Azuaga Fault” by Díez Fernández et al. (2021)
Authors: Azor Antonio , Simancas Fernando , Poyatos David Martínez , Lodeiro Francisco González 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe paper recently published by Díez Fernández et al. (2021) in Tectonics focuses on the post‐metamorphic folding and faulting of the suture‐related unit located at the Ossa‐Morena‐Central Iberian Zone boundary, namely the central unit, with the aim of restoring the pre‐folding geometry, alleged to be flat‐lying and belonging to a single rootless nappe covering most of the Iberian Variscan Massif. Nevertheless, the geometrical analysis presented by these authors is difficult to reconcile with field and seismic reflection data. This comment argues that the central unit rocks do not depict a flat‐lying attitude once the late folds are removed, but a NE‐dipping tectonic/lithological layering that extends down to the middle crust. The kinematics of the highly‐dipping Azuaga Fault, which limits to the SW the central unit, is dominantly left‐lateral with a subordinate downthrowing of the NE block. Therefore, this fault did not contribute to uplift the Central Unit rocks during the late Variscan evolution, as assumed in the transpressional model applied by Díez Fernández et al. (2021). Actually, the central unit was almost completely exhumed during a pre‐late folding ductile shearing (S2), which evolved from high‐temperature conditions to low‐grade conditions. The rootless nature of the central unit and its continuation underneath the entire OMZ can be discarded. Consequently, the Ossa‐Morena zone is not part of a large‐scale allochthonous nappe, but a Variscan continental block bounded to the NE by the rooted suture represented by the central unit, and to the SW by the Rheic suture.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is increased in MDD and interacts with body mass index (BMI) to affect depression trajectory
Authors: Mason Brittany L. , Minhajuddin Abu , Czysz Andrew H. , Jha Manish K. , Gadad Bharathi S. , Mayes Taryn L. , Trivedi Madhukar H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key regulator of metabolic function and nutrient preference. It also affects biological pathways associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), including corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), leptin, and sympathetic activity. Lower levels of cerebrospinal fluid FGF21 have been associated with higher Beck Depression Inventory scores. FGF21 was examined as a metabolic marker that could be associated with MDD and evaluated as a biomarker of antidepressant treatment response in a large, randomized placebo-controlled trial in chronic, early-onset MDD participants. FGF21 levels at baseline and during treatment were determined for participants in the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care (EMBARC) study. FGF21 was analyzed by ELISA in individuals with chronic, early-onset MDD (first major depressive episode before 30 years) compared to healthy control participants. Participants with MDD had higher levels of FGF21 compared to healthy controls (HCs), even after controlling for baseline age, sex, race, Hispanic ethnicity, BMI, and site (β-coefficient = 1.20, p < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 0.60). FGF21 did not change over time nor differ between treatment groups. Interestingly though, those with normal BMI and lower FGF21 levels showed a reduction in depression severity over time compared to all other groups. In conclusion, depression is associated with higher levels of FGF21 compared to healthy controls and those with lower levels of FGF21 (25th percentile of the sample) in the context of normal-weight BMI seem to have improved depression severity over time.
Associations between genetic loci, environment factors and mental disorders: a genome-wide survival analysis using the UK Biobank data
Authors: Meng Peilin , Ye Jing , Chu Xiaomeng , Cheng Bolun , Cheng Shiqiang , Liu Li , Yang Xuena , Liang Chujun , Zhang Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is well-accepted that both environment and genetic factors contribute to the development of mental disorders (MD). However, few genetic studies used time-to-event data analysis to identify the susceptibility genetic variants associated with MD and explore the role of environment factors in these associations. In order to detect novel genetic loci associated with MD based on the time-to-event data and identify the role of environmental factors in them, this study recruited 376,806 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. The MD outcomes (including overall MD status, anxiety, depression and substance use disorders (SUD)) were defined based on in-patient hospital, self-reported and death registry data collected in the UK Biobank. SPACOX approach was used to identify the susceptibility loci for MD using the time-to-event data of the UK Biobank cohort. And then we estimated the associations between identified candidate loci, fourteen environment factors and MD through a phenome-wide association study and mediation analysis. SPACOX identified multiple candidate loci for overall MD status, depression and SUD, such as rs139813674 (P value = 8.39 × 10–9, ZNF684) for overall MD status, rs7231178 (DCC, P value = 2.11 × 10–9) for depression, and rs10228494 (FOXP2, P value = 6.58 × 10–10) for SUD. Multiple environment factors could influence the associations between identified loci and MD, such as confide in others and felt hated. Our study identified novel candidate loci for MD, highlighting the strength of time-to-event data based genetic association studies. We also observed that multiple environment factors could influence the association between susceptibility loci and MD.
Heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment is associated with clinical prognosis of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a single-cell genomics study
Authors: Chen Wen-jin , Cao Hao , Cao Jian-wei , Zuo Li , Qu Fa-jun , Xu Da , Zhang Hao , Gong Hai-yi , Chen Jia-xin , Ye Jian-qing , Gan Si-shun , Zhou Wang , Zhu Da-wei , Pan Xiu-Wu , Cui Xin-gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNon-clear renal cell carcinomas (nccRCCs) are less frequent in kidney cancer with histopathological heterogeneity. A better understanding of the tumor biology of nccRCC can provide more effective treatment paradigms for different subtypes. To reveal the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment (TME) in nccRCC, we performed 10x sing-cell genomics on tumor and normal tissues from patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC), chromophobe RCC (chrRCC), collecting duct carcinoma (CDRCC) and sarcomatoid RCC (sarRCC). 15 tissue samples were finally included. 34561 cells were identified as 16 major cell clusters with 34 cell subtypes. Our study presented the sing-cell landscape for four types of nccRCC, and demonstrated that CD8+ T cells exhaustion, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and sarcomatoid process were the pivotal factors in immunosuppression of nccRCC tissues and were closely correlated with poor prognosis. Abnormal metabolic patterns were present in both cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating stromal cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Combined with CIBERSORTx tool, the expression data of bulk RNA-seq from TCGA were labeled with cell types of our sing-cell data. Calculation of the relative abundance of cell types revealed that greater proportion of exhausted CD8+ T cells, TAMs and sarRCC derived cells were correlated with poor prognosis in the cohort of 274 nccRCC patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides a more comprehensive sight about the heterogeneity and tumor biology of nccRCC, which may potentially facilitate the development of more effective therapies for nccRCC.
Reprogramming cholesterol metabolism in macrophages and its role in host defense against cholesterol-dependent cytolysins
Authors: Lee Min-Sub , Bensinger Steven J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCholesterol is a critical lipid for all mammalian cells, ensuring proper membrane integrity, fluidity, and biochemical function. Accumulating evidence indicates that macrophages rapidly and profoundly reprogram their cholesterol metabolism in response to activation signals to support host defense processes. However, our understanding of the molecular details underlying how and why cholesterol homeostasis is specifically reshaped during immune responses remains less well understood. This review discusses our current knowledge of cellular cholesterol homeostatic machinery and introduces emerging concepts regarding how plasma membrane cholesterol is partitioned into distinct pools. We then discuss how proinflammatory signals can markedly reshape the cholesterol metabolism of macrophages, with a focus on the differences between MyD88-dependent pattern recognition receptors and the interferon signaling pathway. We also discuss recent work investigating the capacity of these proinflammatory signals to selectively reshape plasma membrane cholesterol homeostasis. We examine how these changes in plasma membrane cholesterol metabolism influence sensitivity to a set of microbial pore-forming toxins known as cholesterol-dependent cytolysins that specifically target cholesterol for their effector functions. We also discuss whether lipid metabolic reprogramming can be leveraged for therapy to mitigate tissue damage mediated by cholesterol-dependent cytolysins in necrotizing fasciitis and other related infections. We expect that advancing our understanding of the crosstalk between metabolism and innate immunity will help explain how inflammation underlies metabolic diseases and highlight pathways that could be targeted to normalize metabolic homeostasis in disease states.