bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counting hypergraphs with large girth
Authors: Spiro Sam , Verstraëte Jacques 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMorris and Saxton used the method of containers to bound the number of ‐vertex graphs with edges containing no ‐cycles, and hence graphs of girth more than . We consider a generalization to ‐uniform hypergraphs. The girth of a hypergraph is the minimum such that there exist distinct vertices and hyperedges with for all . Letting denote the number of ‐vertex ‐uniform hypergraphs with edges and girth larger than and defining , we show
which is tight when divides up to a term in the exponent. This result is used to address the extremal problem for subgraphs of girth more than in random ‐uniform hypergraphs.
The rhipidoglossan radula: Radular morphology and formation in Nerita litterata Gmelin, 1791 (Neritimorpha, Neritidae)
Authors: Vortsepneva Elena , Herbert David G. , Kantor Yuri 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rhipidoglossan radula, consisting of numerous teeth in each transverse row, is characteristic of phylogenetically distant groups of gastropods, including Vetigastropoda, Neritimorpha and ‘lower’ Heterobranchia. Previous studies have revealed the main patterns in the formation of the rhipidoglossan radula of vetigastropods, the main feature of which is the division of the formation zone into two horns, where marginal teeth are formed by a multilayered epithelium (odontoblasts). This work is devoted to the study of the formation of the rhipidoglossan radula of Nerita litterata using light and electron microscopy. The data obtained show that, despite the different external morphology of the radular sac of neritids and vetigastropods, the radular sac of N. litterata, like that of vetigastropods, is divided into two parts, in which the marginal teeth are similarly formed by odontoblasts located in more than one layer. It seems probable that this complex, three‐dimensional structure of the formation zone is associated with a broad radula with numerous elongate marginal teeth and could be characteristic of other gastropods with this type of radula. Additional supporting rods located along the odontoblasts and consisting of vacuolated cells were first discovered in Nerita.
Surface sterilization for isolation of endophytes: Ensuring what (not) to grow
Authors: Sahu Pramod K. , Tilgam Jyotsana , Mishra Sushma , Hamid Saima , Gupta Amrita , K. Jayalakshmi , Verma Satish K. , Kharwar Ravindra N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEndophytic microbiota opens a magnificent arena of metabolites that served as a potential source of medicines for treating a variety of ailments and having prospective uses in agriculture, food, cosmetics, and many more. There are umpteen reports of endophytes improving the growth and tolerance of plants. In addition, endophytes from lifesaving drug‐producing plants such as Taxus, Nothapodytes, Catharanthus, and so forth have the ability to produce host mimicking compounds. To harness these benefits, it is imperative to isolate the true endophytes, not the surface microflora. The foremost step in endophyte isolation is the removal of epiphytic microbes from plant tissues, called as surface sterilization. The success of surface sterilization decides “what to grow” (the endophytes) and “what not to grow” (the epiphytes). It is very crucial to use an appropriate sterilant solution, concentration, and exposure time to ensure thorough surface disinfection with minimal damage to the endophytic diversity. Commonly used surface sterilants include sodium hypochlorite (2%–10%), ethanol (70%–90%), mercuric chloride (0.1%), formaldehyde (40%), and so forth. In addition, the efficiency could further be improved by pretreatment with surfactants such as Triton X‐100, Tween 80, and Tween 20. This review comprehensively deals with the various sterilants and sterilization methods for the isolation of endophytic microbes. In addition, the mechanisms and rationale behind using specific surface sterilants have also been elaborated at length.
Metameric failure assessment and reduction between RGB and laser phosphor projectors
Authors: Ploumis Stelios , Boitard Ronan , Ballestad Anders , Damberg Gerwin , Nasiopoulos Panos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetameric failure is commonly observed when different types of displays reproduce the same color, as it is defined by a colorimetry system, but the outputs do not match visually. Metameric failure is impacted by the used colorimetry system and the relation between the involved displays' spectral power distributions (SPDs). In this work, we assess the metameric failure between the upcoming types of theatrical projectors, RGB laser, and laser phosphor (LaPH) and propose a method to reduce it. Our analysis starts by evaluating the performance of existing colorimetry systems in terms of metameric failure reduction. Among the colorimetry systems tested, the CIE 2006 2° (CIE06 2°) system resulted in the least observed metameric failure for a large portion of the participants but not their absolute majority (>50%). The limited performance of existing colorimetry systems led us to questioning the feasibility of successful perceptual color matching between the two projectors. To explore and potentially rule‐out this scenario, we performed a subjective color matching experiment. The analysis of the results revealed the key role that the projectors' SPD differences play on color matching. Based on the observations of the first two studies, we propose a novel colorimetry system that reduces further than existing colorimetry the systems the metameric failure between RGB and LaPH projectors. Our proposed system is a modified version of CIE06–2° that accounts for the spectral differences of the two light sources. Evaluation showed that our solution outperforms existing colorimetry systems.
Water Barrier Properties of Resin‐Stabilized Waterborne Coatings for Paperboard
Authors: Bakker Sterre , Aarts Joey , Esteves A. Catarina C. , Metselaar Gerald A. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe replacement of plastic packaging by paperboard can significantly contribute to meeting sustainability goals in important application fields, such as in food packaging. The (water) barrier properties of paperboard‐based products need, however, to be improved. Waterborne coatings offer an environmentally friendly possibility to enhance these barrier properties, which in turn highly depend on the coating chemistry and film formation. Here, the relation between the characteristics of a waterborne coating and its water barrier performance is investigated. A waterborne polymer dispersion is prepared by emulsion polymerization, using an alkali‐soluble resin (ASR) as stabilizing agent. The ASR‐stabilized dispersion is applied as a coating on paperboard. During this application, the carboxylate groups of the ASR are converted to uncharged carboxylic acids. The coatings are characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the water barrier properties are evaluated by dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) and the Cobb method. It is found that the water barrier performance is dominated by the carboxylate concentration remaining in the film, which is dependent on the moisture content. High drying temperatures improve particle deformation and polymer flow during coating formation, but do not influence the water barrier performance.
Correlating Ionic Conductivity and Microstructure in Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels for Bioelectronic Devices
Authors: Jia Manping , Luo Le , Rolandi Marco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHydrogels have become the material of choice in bioelectronic devices because their high‐water content leads to efficient ion transport and a conformal interface with biological tissue. While the morphology of hydrogels has been thoroughly studied, systematical studies on their ionic conductivity are less common. Here, an easy‐to‐implement strategy is presented to characterize the ionic conductivity of a series of polyelectrolyte hydrogels with different amounts of monomer and crosslinker and correlate their ionic conductivity with microstructure. Higher monomer increases the ionic conductivity of the polyelectrolyte hydrogel due to the increased charge carrier density, but also leads to excessive swelling that may cause device failure upon integration with bioelectronic devices. Increasing the amount of crosslinker can reduce the swelling ratio by increasing the crosslinking density and reducing the mesh size of the hydrogel, which cuts down the ionic conductivity. Further investigation on the porosity and tortuosity of the swollen hydrogels correlates the microstructure with the ionic conductivity. These results are generalizable for various polyelectrolyte hydrogel systems with other ions as the charge carrier and provide facile guidance to design polyelectrolyte hydrogel with desired ionic conductivity and microstructure for applications in bioelectronic devices.
Fast‐Reprocessing, Postadjustable, Self‐Healing Covalent Adaptable Networks with Schiff Base and Diels–Alder Adduct
Authors: Xu Xiwei , Ma Songqi , Wang Sheng , Wang Binbo , Feng Hongzhi , Li Pengyun , Liu Yanlin , Yu Zhen , Zhu Jin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCovalent adaptable networks (CANs) are a new type of polymers, which possess excellent performance of thermosets and reprocessability of thermoplastics. Nevertheless, it is still a challenge to realize rapid reprocessing and postadjusting (adjust properties after preparation). Herein, for the first time, a method of combining Schiff base and Diels–Alder adduct in one network is developed to achieve rapid reprocessing and postadjusting. Through the dissociation of the Diels–Alder adduct at high temperatures, the cross‐link densities of the networks are reduced, thereby accelerating the rearrangement of the networks and realizing the rapid reprocessing and self‐healing. Moreover, the reconnecting degree of network after dissociation of Diels–Alder adduct can be easily controlled by annealing; as a result, the properties of the obtained CANs are postadjustable. This work provides a simple and promising approach of achieving excellent reprocessing and postadjusting for CANs via the synergism of an associative dynamic chemistry with a dissociative dynamic chemistry.
Virtual fatigue analysis of epoxy based composite reinforced with sugarcane fibre, fly ash and carbon nano tubes
Authors: Anirudh V.P. , Ajay Krishna S.A. , Akshat A. , Venkatachalam G. , Loganathan T.G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComposites are widely used as a lightweight material in automotive, aerospace, transportation, wind turbines and leisure industries. Since the current research trend focuses on making eco‐friendly composites, objective is shifted towards manufacture of better composite materials with available/excess resources to contribute towards a more sustainable environment. This paper highlights fatigue life predictions and interaction among sugarcane, fly‐ash and carbon nano tubes. Instead of reinforcing synthetic materials in the polymer composite, an attempt is made in this work to reinforce biodegradable, recyclable, reusable materials in the polymer composite. Materials like sugarcane, carbon nano tubes and fly‐ash are chosen due to this corresponding nature. The influences of wt.% of sugarcane, carbon nano tubes, fly‐ash on fatigue behaviour of composite are determined. Fatigue analysis of materials prepared using different wt.% is carried out using ANSYS. Response surface methodology and design of experiments approach were implemented to decide on number of ANSYS simulations. Analysis of variance is used to find the influences of different parameters such as wt.% of sugarcane, carbon nano tubes, fly‐ash on fatigue behaviour of composites and obtained their optimized levels. Regression equation was found to determine the number of cycles to failure of the composite.
Optimization of cerium extraction from aqueous solutions by response surface methodology employing 4‐factor Box‐Behnken design
Authors: Allahkarami E. , Rezai B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this research, the solvent extraction of Cerium (III) using Cyanex 572 has been investigated under variations of the pH, extractant concentration, nitrate ion concentration, and contact time. Box‐Behnken design and analysis of variance were applied to determine the main effects and their interactions. The high R2 value obtained from the developed model indicated a good correlation between the predicted and measured data. Contact time had no significant effect on the extraction of cerium. pH and extractant concentration were the most significant parameters affecting the cerium extraction under the examined conditions. The developed model was applied to find out the optimum values of the selected variables for the maximum extraction of cerium. The nature of diluent influences the extraction efficiency of Cerium (III). Kerosene was found to be efficient diluent for the extraction of cerium in terms of better extraction capability as investigated.
A grey‐based Taguchi method to optimize fused deposition modelling process parameters for manufacture of a hip joint implant
Authors: Nyiranzeyimana G. , Mutua J.M. , Mose B.R. , Mbuya T.O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractControlling process parameters to configure a component has long been regarded as a value‐added function of additive manufacturing. Factors that contribute to the quality of total hip prostheses are the degree of dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and manufacturing time. In this study, Digmat‐additive manufacturing software has been used for finite element analysis to determine the quality of a fused deposition modelling printed carbon fiber polyamide 12 composite hip joint implant. The influence of three process parameters namely, printing temperature, layer height, print speed together with interactions were investigated using Taguchi's orthogonal array. The grey relational Taguchi method was used to optimize the process parameters on the part deflection and build time. The results showed that a printing temperature of 255 °C, a high layer thickness of 0.3 mm, and a print speed of 50 mm/s were optimum settings for both responses. Experimental work was carried out and the results used to validate the finite element results which showed good agreement. Microstructural analyses and surface analysis of printed parts were performed using scanning electron microscopy. The results identified that the surface texture of the manufactured implant was rough within the acceptable range for better bone‐to‐implant contact.
Multiscale plasticity of geomaterials predicted via constrained optimization‐based granular micromechanics
Authors: Bryant E.C. , Bennett K.C. , Miller N.A. , Misra A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA general framework to derive nonlinear elastic and elastoplastic material models from granular micromechanics is proposed, where a constraint‐based variational structure is introduced to classical grain contact‐based homogenization methods of hyperelasticity. Like the classical hyperelastic methods, reference solutions for closed‐form hyperelastic material models are analytically derived from the grain‐scale contact mechanics. However, unlike prior methods, the proposed homogenization framework defines closed‐form hyperelastoplastic material models that extend multiscale variational methods to granular plasticity. The proposed framework is used to develop novel granular micromechanics‐based macroscopic models for a Mises type solid, Drucker–Prager type plasticity, and grain‐contact cohesive‐debonding with a deviatorically and volumetrically coupled nonlinearly elastic response. Macroscopic plastic parameters and yield criteria are explicitly related to their microscale counterparts, for example, the friction coefficient governing intergranular slip. Numerical examples and comparison to measurements from the literature, including triaxial compaction of concrete, are provided to investigate model predictions and demonstrate calibration to experimental data.
The bidirectional association between depression and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Martin Sean A. , Tully Phillip J. , Kahokehr Arman A. , Jay Alex , Wittert Gary A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence from observational studies suggests a bidirectional association between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and depression in men. We sought to systematically quantify the effect of the presence of LUTS on depression symptoms, compared to those without LUTS, in adult males, and vice versa.MethodsElectronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Embase) were examined for articles in English before March 2021. Observational studies of men aged over 18 years; reporting an association between LUTS and depression; including a validated scale for LUTS and depression symptoms were eligible for study inclusion.ResultsSeventeen studies out of 1787 records identified 163 466 men with reported depression symptoms by LUTS status, while 10 studies reported 72 363 men with LUTS by depression symptoms. Pooled estimates showed a strong effect of LUTS presence on depression risk (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 2.50–3.33), with a high degree of heterogeneity among the examined studies (I2 = 83%; τ2 = 0,06; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated differences by study region (Q value:13.7, df:4, p = 0.003), setting (7.8(2), p = 0.020), design (7.2(1), p = 0.003), quality (6.2(1), p = 0.013), and LUTS measure (40.9(3), p < 0.001). Pooled estimates also showed a strong effect of depression presence on LUTS risk in men (OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 2.72–3.60), with only moderate heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 58%; τ2 = 0,02; p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe strong relationship observed between LUTS and depression implies shared risk factors that cannot be solely attributed to the prostate. This has immediate implications for future studies and the assessment and management of patients with either condition.
Patient‐tailored healthcare and tibial nerve neuromodulation in the treatment of patients with overactive bladder symptoms
Authors: te Dorsthorst Manon , Digesu Alex , van Kerrebroeck Philip , Elneil Sohier , van Breda Jetske , Janssen Dick , Martens Frank , van Balken Michael , Heesakkers John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to demonstrate features predictive of treatment response for patient‐tailored overactive bladder (OAB) intervention with an implantable tibial neurostimulator using patient and technical prediction factors.Materials and MethodsThis study was designed as a follow‐up study based on parameter settings and patients' preferences during the pilot and extended study of the implantable tibial nerve stimulator (RENOVA™ iStim system). For this study, we compared all treatment parameters (stimulation amplitude, frequency, and pulse width) and usage data (duration of treatment) during the different follow‐up visits.ResultsWe obtained usage data from a total of 32 patients who were implanted with the system between February and September 2015. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and previous experience with percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) treatment were considered as possible prediction factors for treatment success. However, only BMI was considered a statistically significant prediction factor (p = 0.042). A statistically significant increase in mean treatment level was seen in the responder group during the 3 month follow‐up visit (mean: 6.7 mA, SD 0.416) as compared with the initial system activation visit (mean: 5.8 mA, SD 0.400) (p = 0.049). No other visits demonstrated statistically significant changes in both groups (responders and nonresponders) during the defined timepoints.ConclusionThis data underscores the need to use patient‐tailored OAB treatment. BMI was found to be a negative predictive factor for treatment success. However, it was not possible to develop a specific responder model. A model predicting response to treatment could be useful for implementing shared decision making.
Hierarchically structured polyvinylidene fluoride core‐shell composite yarn based on electrospinning coating method to improve piezoelectricity
Authors: Li Xiu‐Ping , Wu Meng‐Meng , Peng Hao‐Kai , Zhang Xue‐Fei , Wang Yan Ting , Li Ting‐Ting , Lou Ching‐Wen , Lin Jia‐Horng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWearable electronic skin with high sensitivity and self‐power has shown increasing prospects for applications, such as human health monitoring and intelligent electronic products. Here, AgNY/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)@TiO2/Ag/PVDF (APTAP) composite yarn with 3D hierarchically structure is fabricated by a conjugate electrospinning coating method and wet chemical deposition. The fabricated APTAP yarn has respectable piezoelectric performance whose voltage output and current output reached 1650 mV and 70 nA when the silver‐plated concentration is 2%. In addition, the composite piezoelectric yarn shows good mechanical properties that tensile strength and elongation at break of the piezoelectric yarn with a silver‐plated concentration of 3% reach 284.37 MPa and 61.80%. A fabric is woven based on this yarn and it has a respectable signal output and shows satisfactory sensitivity that can be used to detect subtle signals. Therefore, this fiber‐based sensor provides an idea for monitoring the subtle physiological signals of the human body and shows broad potential in the extended application of medical care and clinical diagnosis in the future.
Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: Confounding by indication and the role of active comparators
Authors: Sendor Rachel , Stürmer Til 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConfounding by indication poses a significant threat to the validity of nonexperimental studies assessing effectiveness and safety of medical interventions. While no different from other forms of confounding in theory, confounding by indication often requires specific methods to address the bias it creates in addition to common epidemiological adjustment or restriction methods. Clinical indication influencing treatment prescription is patient‐specific and complex, making it challenging to measure within nonexperimental research. Restriction of the study population to patients with the indication for treatment would effectively mitigate confounding by indication and bring about comparability between exposure and comparator populations with respect to probability of the exposure. Active comparators are often an effective practical solution to restrict the study population in this manner when indication cannot be measured accurately. This article discusses various forms of confounding by indication, the utility of active comparators for nonexperimental studies of treatment effects, and the active comparator, new user (ACNU) study design to implicitly condition on indication. Considerations for selecting active comparators and conducting an ACNU study design are discussed to enable increased adoption of these methods, improve quality of nonexperimental studies, and ultimately strengthen our evidence base for intended and unintended treatment effects in relevant target populations.
Plastic glut down a microbial gut
Authors: Dileep Dhananjay , Forrester Michael , Cochran Eric W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnzymes sequestered from microbes have demonstrated the ability to readily digest amorphous regions of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in ambient conditions. Although nascent, enzymatic depolymerization can soon vie for commercialization and provide monomeric feedstock at rates comparable to petrochemical feedstock for repolymerization, achieving the coveted goal of cradle‐to‐cradle recycling. © 2022 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.