bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of meat flavored food additives on the occurrence of dominant lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogasfer
Authors: Kryzhanovska M. M. , Holub N. Ya. , Prokopiak M. Z. , Holinei H. M. 
Published: November 2022

Aim. To investigate the mutagenic effect of meat flavored food additives of the Indasia food company on the occurrence of dominant lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods. The method of the accounting of dominant lethal mutations (DLM) in Drosophila melanogaster was used. This method allows recording early and late embryonic death. Results. Using the meat flavored food additive “Spices for grilled white sausages” in the recommended dose caused a decrease in the number of eggs by 45 %, according to the control group. An increase in the number of eggs with early embryonic death by 3 times, and eggs with late embryonic death by 5.5 times was noted (P < 0.95). A 5-fold increase in the frequency of DLMs compared to the control group was established. Using the meat flavored food additive “Flavoring with the taste of pork” in the recommended dose caused a decrease in the number of eggs by 13 %, according to the control group. Using this meat flavored food additive in a dose increased by 10 times caused a decrease in the number of eggs by 28 %, according to the control group. The recommended dose caused an increase the early embryonic death which was 3.6 times higher than in the control group (P > 0.95), and an increase late embryonic death which was 4.8 times higher than in the control group (P > 0.95). The frequency of DLMs in the recommended dose was 6.49 %, and in the tenfold increased dose – 8.67 %, according to the control group. Conclusions. The meat flavored food additives of the Indasia food company have a genotoxic effect in the recommended dose and cause the mutagenic activity and an increase of the frequency of occurrence of dominant lethal mutations in D. melanogaster.
The Effect of Public Participation on Performance of Devolved Governance System in Kenya: Case of the Government of the County of Kwale
Authors: Gwidi Juma Chidzangi , Kilei Peary 
Published: November 2022

Public engagement, openness, and accountability are strongly emphasized in the 2010 Kenyan Constitution and the accompanying legislative framework on devolution as ways to increase the effectiveness, equity, and inclusivity of government and service delivery. The devolution framework includes many laws mandating county governments to interact with residents during planning, budgeting, and service delivery monitoring and to make information publicly available. The aim of this research was to how public participation affect devolved governance system in Kenya at Kwale County Government. Specific objectives were developed for the study and included; to determine the impact of fair notice and time on Kenya's decentralized government structure and public engagement, to evaluate the impact of appropriate and accessible information on Kenya's decentralized government system and public engagement, to ascertain the impact of fair and open dialogue on Kenya's decentralized government structure and public engagement and to determine the impact of inclusive and Adequatet representation on Kenya's decentralized government system, public involvement. This research was guided by Agency Theory, Stewardship theory and Stakeholder Theory. This study applied descriptive survey design. Target population of this research was five hundred and eighty residents of the Kinango Sub County. Data was presented using tables as well as figures. To test how public participation and devolved governance system in Kenya are related, a linear multiple regression test was conducted and analysis was carried via coefficient of multiple regression. With a mean of (mean=3.81, SD=.782), the majority of respondents said that members are aware of the topics to be discussed. The least number of respondents, with a mean of (mean=2.89, SD=0.345), agreed that members had access to information on the topics to be addressed. The outcome implies that many legislations in Kenya have acknowledged public participation in governance issues. The researcher can conclude that the study came to the conclusion that the success of Kenya's devolved government system is positively impacted by public engagement. The researcher recommends that in order to ensure that everyone has an equal chance to participate, emphasis should be placed on using local language while engaging the public. To decide how long a member should remain in the forum, more research should be conducted. The county governments should establish and put into effect public participation statutes through their county assemblies. The Researcher recommends to the devolved government system in Kenya to use the structured framework that incorporates the four independent variables as a model for how to conduct public involvement.
Morphological Characterization and Adaptive Trail of Two Prominent T. Aman Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Lines under Different Locations of Bangladesh
Authors: Reza Md. Selim , Ahmed Bulbul , Alim S. M. A. , Islam Md. Mohimenul , Hoque Md. Muzammal , Nadim Md. Kawsar Alam 
Published: November 2022

Two advanced lines: BR8693-8-4-2-1 and BR8693-17-6-2-2, along with BRRI dhan49 (S. Ck) and BRRI dhan33 (R. Ck) as checks were tested at farmers’ field in eight locations such as West Byde (BRRI Gazipur), Khulna (Dumuria), Habiganj (Sadar), Chapainawabganj (Gomostapur), Rangpur (Sadar), Feni (Dagonbhuyan), Chattagram (Hathazari) and Barishal (Sadar) during the season of Transplanting Aman 2018. The trial was replicated three times in each location. The unit plot size was 17.94 m2 (4.6m x 3.9m). Seeding emergence for eight locations varied from 11-17 July 2018. Seedling age varied from 25-30 days among the locations. Seedlings were transplanted at 20 cm x 15 cm spacing. NPKS and Zn fertilizers were applied at the rate of 0, 15, 50, 12 and 3.6 kg ha-1, respectively. All fertilizers except urea were applied as basal whereas, urea was applied in 3 equal splits at 10, 25 and 40 days after transplanting (DAT) Other standard management practices were followed as and when necessary. No insecticide was used because the two advanced lines were insect resistant and diseases were not controlled (to identify susceptibility and tolerance level of lines). Date of seeding, transplanting, flowering and maturity, lodging tolerance, pest and disease incidence, phenotypic acceptance at vegetative and ripening stage, yield and yield components were recorded. Among the two advanced lines, BR8693-8-4-2-1 line was statistically significant from BR8693-17-6-2-2, BRRI Dhan49 and BRRI Dhan33 respectively and the disease reaction, farmers’ opinion, and special character of insect resistant, BR8693-8-4-2-1 was found to be superior for further variety trial. The main purpose of the experiment is to recommended insect resistant rice genotype for proposed variety trail. For yield estimation, 9 m2 sample area from each plot was harvested at maturity and grain yields were adjusted to 14% moisture content.
Response of Growth and Yield of Garlic cv. PG-18 against Various Plant Growth Regulators and Mulching along with Its Consortium
Authors: Singh Navdeep , Yadav Kulveer Singh , Kaur Harmandeep , Kishor Sachin 
Published: November 2022

An investigation was carried out to examine the effect of plant growth regulators and mulching along with their combinations on growth and yield attributes of garlic at Agriculture Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India during 2019-20 by using cultivar PG-18. The study comprised plant growth regulators (GA3 25 ppm, IAA 40 ppm and NAA 60 ppm) and mulches (Black polythene mulch and Rice straw mulch) along with a control. The experiment was replicated thrice and subjected to statistical analysis by using RBD at 5% of CD. The results revealed that growth parameters i.e. plant height (56.83 cm), number of leaves/pant (8.00) and stem diameter (7.87 mm) were reported utmost with the application of BPM+GA3 @ 25 ppm while longest leaf length (38.59 cm) and diameter of pseudo stem (4.73 cm) were measured with BPM+NAA @ 60 ppm and SM+NAA @ 60 ppm, respectively. However, maximum number of cloves/bulb (19.33),diameter of cloves (2.93 mm), clove weight (1.73 g), diameter of bulb (4.04 cm), fresh weight (29.96 g),dry weight (10.53 g), yield/plot (480.30 g) and yield/ha (70.21 q ) were resulted by BPM+IAA @ 40 ppm.
Evaluation of MRI‐only based online adaptive radiotherapy of abdominal region on MR‐linac
Authors: Nousiainen Katri , Santurio Grichar Valdes , Lundahl Nils , Cronholm Rickard , Siversson Carl , Edmund Jens M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeA hybrid magnetic resonance linear accelerator (MRL) can perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high soft‐tissue contrast to be used for online adaptive radiotherapy (oART). To obtain electron densities needed for the oART dose calculation, a computed tomography (CT) is often deformably registered to MRI. Our aim was to evaluate an MRI‐only based synthetic CT (sCT) generation as an alternative to the deformed CT (dCT)‐based oART in the abdominal region.MethodsThe study data consisted of 57 patients who were treated on a 0.35 T MRL system mainly for abdominal tumors. Simulation MRI‐CT pairs of 43 patients were used for training and validation of a prototype convolutional neural network sCT‐generation algorithm, based on HighRes3DNet, for the abdominal region. For remaining test patients, sCT images were produced from simulation MRIs and daily MRIs. The dCT‐based plans were re‐calculated on sCT with identical calculation parameters. The sCT and dCT were compared in terms of geometric agreement and calculated dose.ResultsThe mean and one standard deviation of the geometric agreement metrics over dCT–sCT‐pairs were: mean error of 8 ± 10 HU, mean absolute error of 49 ± 10 HU, and Dice similarity coefficient of 55 ± 12%, 60 ± 5%, and 82 ± 15% for bone, fat, and lung tissues, respectively. The dose differences between the sCT and dCT‐based dose for planning target volumes were 0.5 ± 0.9%, 0.6 ± 0.8%, and 0.5 ± 0.8% at D2%, D50%, and D98% in physical dose and 0.8 ± 1.4%, 0.8 ± 1.2%, and 0.6 ± 1.1% in biologically effective dose (BED). For organs‐at‐risk, the dose differences of all evaluated dose–volume histogram points were within [–4.5%, 7.8%] and [–1.1 Gy, 3.5 Gy] in both physical dose and BED.ConclusionsThe geometric agreement metrics were within typically reported values and most average relative dose differences were within 1%. Thus, an MRI‐only sCT‐based approach is a promising alternative to the current clinical practice of the abdominal oART on MRL.
Recognizing early MRI signs (or their absence) is crucial in diagnosing metachromatic leukodystrophy
Authors: Schoenmakers Daphne H. , Beerepoot Shanice , Krägeloh‐Mann Ingeborg , Elgün Saskia , Bender Benjamin , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Wolf Nicole I. , Groeschel Samuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesMetachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) has characteristic white matter (WM) changes on brain MRI, which often trigger biochemical and genetic confirmation of the diagnosis. In early or pre‐symptomatic disease stages, these typical MRI changes might be absent, hampering early diagnosis. This study aims to describe the characteristics of MRI WM abnormalities at diagnosis, related to clinical presentation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed brain MRIs of MLD patients followed in 2 centers at the time of diagnosis regarding MLD MRI score and presence of tigroid pattern. In addition, MLD subtype, symptom status, CNS/PNS phenotype, motor/cognitive/mixed phenotype, and the presence of CNS symptoms were evaluated.ResultsWe included 104 brain MRIs from patients with late‐infantile (n = 43), early‐juvenile (n = 24), late‐juvenile (n = 20) and adult (n = 17) onset. Involvement of the corpus callosum was a characteristic early MRI sign and was present in 71% of the symptomatic late‐infantile patients, 94% of the symptomatic early‐juvenile patients and 100% of the symptomatic late‐juvenile and adult patients. Symptomatic early‐juvenile, late‐juvenile and adult patients generally had WM abnormalities on MRI suggestive of MLD. By contrast, 47% of the early‐symptomatic late‐infantile patients had no or only mild WM abnormalities on MRI, even in the presence of CNS symptoms including pyramidal signs.InterpretationPatients with late‐infantile MLD may have no or only mild, nonspecific abnormalities at brain MRI, partly suggestive of ‘delayed myelination’, even with clear clinical symptoms. This may lead to significant diagnostic delay. Knowledge of these early MRI signs (or their absence) is important for fast diagnosis.
Molecular Configuration Engineering in Hole‐Transporting Materials toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tang Rong , Liu Haitao , Xu Yining , Chen Kaixing , Zhang Jin , Zhang Ping , Zhong Cheng , Wu Fei , Zhu Linna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) that can passivate defects in perovskite is of great significance in improving the efficiency and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells. To date, the investigation on HTMs mainly focus on exploring new structures, while molecular configuration is seldomly concerned. In this work, two small molecules are developed as HTMs with benzil and phenanthrene quinone as the core structure, respectively. With similar structure and the same defect passivation groups, whereas, the two molecules exhibit different configurations, thus distinct properties. Compared to 3,6‐bis(3,6‐bis(bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino)‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenanthrene‐9,10‐dione (PQ) with a rigid core structure, the benzil group in 1,2‐bis(4‐(3,6‐bis(bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino)‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)ethane‐1,2‐dione (DB) is flexible and can adjust molecular configuration to efficiently interact with the underlying perovskite material, which is confirmed from both experimental results and theoretical simulations. The DB‐based device exhibits a high power conversion efficiency of 22.21% with excellent long‐term stability, superior to the PQ‐based device (20.22%). This study demonstrates that molecular configuration engineering will directly affect the properties of hole transport materials, as well as their interactions with perovskite, which should also be taken into consideration when devising HTMs.
Stem Cell‐Niche Engineering via Multifunctional Hydrogel Potentiates Stem Cell Therapies for Inflammatory Bone Loss
Authors: Li Gang , Li Zimeng , Li Lanlan , Liu Shan , Wu Peng , Zhou Min , Li Chenwen , Li Xiaodong , Luo Gaoxing , Zhang Jianxiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEffective therapies capable of simultaneously inhibiting inflammation and promoting bone healing remain to be developed for inflammatory bone disease. Stem cell therapies hold great promise for a variety of diseases, but their translation is hampered by low cell survival, rapid clearance, and limited functional integration of transplanted stem cells in target tissues. Herein, a multifunctional hydrogel‐based stem cell niche engineering strategy is reported for the treatment of inflammatory bone loss. By rationally integrating different functional modules, an injectable hydrogel‐based stem niche is engineered, which possesses temperature‐triggered gelling performance, inflammation/oxidative stress‐resolving activity, stem‐cell binding and survival‐enhancing capacity, and osteogenesis‐promoting capability. Using ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), effectiveness of this functionally advanced synthetic stem cell niche is demonstrated in rats with periodontitis, a representative inflammatory bone loss disease. Synergistic effects of the multifunctional hydrogel and EMSCs are also confirmed, with respect to normalizing the pathological microenvironment and improving alveolar bone regeneration in the periodontal tissue. Mechanistically, inflammation/oxidative stress‐resolving and osteogenic differentiation promoting capacities of the synthetic stem cell niche are mainly achieved by an incorporated nanotherapy via the GDF15/Atf3/c‐Fos axis of the MAPK signaling pathway. Besides periodontitis, the newly engineered hydrogel‐stem cell therapies are promising for the treatment of other inflammatory bone defects.
Energy Transfer Induced by TADF Polymer Enables the Recycling of Excitons in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Meng Yuanyuan , Zhang Jiasen , Liu Chang , Zheng Kanghui , Xie Lisha , Bu Shixiao , Han Bin , Cao Ruikun , Yin Xu , Liu Cuirong , Ge Ziyi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFormamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) has been demonstrated as the most efficient perovskite system to date, due to its excellent thermal stability and an ideal bandgap approaching the Shockley‐Queisser limit. Whereas, there are intrinsic quantum confinement effects in FAPbI3, which lead to unwanted non‐radiative recombination. Additionally, the black α‐phase of FAPbI3 is unstable under room temperature due to the significant residual tensile stress in the film. To simultaneously address the above issues, a thermally‐activated delayed fluorescence polymer P1 is designed in the study to modify the FAPbI3 film. Owing to the spectral overlap between the photoluminescence of P1 and absorption of the above‐bandgap quantum wells of FAPbI3, the Förster energy transfer occurs at the P1/FAPbI3 interface, which further triggers the Dexter energy transfer within FAPbI3. The exciton “recycling” can thus be realized, which reduces the non‐radiative recombination losses in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Moreover, P1 is found to introduce compressive stress into FAPbI3, which relieves the tensile stress in perovskite. Consequently, the PSCs with P1 treatment achieve an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.51%. Moreover, with the alleviation of stress in the perovskite film, flexible PSCs (f‐PSCs) also deliver a high PCE of 21.40%.
Superwetting Injectable Hydrogel with Ultrastrong and Fast Tissue Adhesion for Minimally Invasive Hemostasis
Authors: Wei Congying , Shi Weili , Zhao Chuangqi , Yang Shuai , Zheng Jiajia , Zhong JinPan , Zhao Tianyi , Kong Simin , Gong Xi , Liu Mingjie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInjectable hydrogels have recently emerged as alternatives to sutures for various clinical indications. However, existing injectable hydrogels are unsuitable for hemostasis in minimally invasive surgery because of their weak interfacial adhesion and complex/prolonged processing. Herein, a superwetting injectable hydrogel composed of oppositely charged polysaccharides is developed. The spontaneous spreading of the injectable hydrogel on the surfaces achieves complete wetting and forms tight interfacial contact by absorbing the interfacial water. The superwetting ability and subsequent covalent crosslinking perform fast and ultrastrong wet adhesion (140 kPa) on the tissue surface. Ex vivo porcine and in vivo rat models show that the hydrogel successfully leads to the aggregation of erythrocytes for targeted hemostasis (in less than 12 s) without requiring external adjuncts, and no postsurgical adhesions to the peripheral tissues. This further demonstrates that hydrogel can act as an effective hemostasis agent in laparoscopic surgery in a rabbit model. Overall, the strong wet adhesion, antibacterial properties, and easy operability make this injectable hydrogel a promising candidate for hemostasis applications, as it can successfully combine clinical efficacy and transformation opportunities for minimally invasive surgery.
Colloidal Quantum Dot Infrared Lasers Featuring Sub‐Single‐Exciton Threshold and Very High Gain
Authors: Taghipour Nima , Dalmases Mariona , Whitworth Guy L. , Dosil Miguel , Othonos Andreas , Christodoulou Sotirios , Liga Shanti Maria , Konstantatos Gerasimos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe use of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) as a gain medium in infrared laser devices has been underpinned by the need for high pumping intensities, very short gain lifetimes, and low gain coefficients. Here, PbS/PbSSe core/alloyed‐shell CQDs are employed as an infrared gain medium that results in highly suppressed Auger recombination with a lifetime of 485 ps, lowering the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold down to 300 µJ cm−2, and showing a record high net modal gain coefficient of 2180 cm−1. By doping these engineered core/shell CQDs up to nearly filling the first excited state, a significant reduction of optical gain threshold is demonstrated, measured by transient absorption, to an average‐exciton population‐per‐dot 〈Nth〉g of 0.45 due to bleaching of the ground state absorption. This in turn have led to a fivefold reduction in ASE threshold at 〈Nth〉ASE = 0.70 excitons‐per‐dot, associated with a gain lifetime of 280 ps. Finally, these heterostructured QDs are used to achieve near‐infrared lasing at 1670 nm at a pump fluences corresponding to sub‐single‐exciton‐per‐dot threshold (〈Nth〉Las = 0.87). This work brings infrared CQD lasing thresholds on par to their visible counterparts, and paves the way toward solution‐processed infrared laser diodes.
Advancing High‐Performance Mixed Matrix Membrane via Magnetically Aligned Polycrystalline Co0.5Ni0.5FeCrO4 Magnetic Spinel Nanoparticles for Effective H2/CO2 and O2/N2 Gas Separation
Authors: Ashtiani Saeed , Azadmanjiri Jalal , Hong Nguyen Vu , Floreková Jana , Regmi Chhbilal , Sofer Zdeněk , Khoshnamvand Mehdi , Friess Karel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGas separation matrix membranes (MMMs) benefit from a combination of a polymer matrix and heterogeneous solid or liquid (nano) additives. However, improvements in mechanical strength of membrane permeability or gas selectivity are often overbalanced by morphological deficiencies, such as aggregation or sedimentation of the nanofiller, due to poor control at the nano level. Here, the controlled orthogonal magnetic field deposition of self‐invented spinel Co0.5Ni0.5FeCrO4 magnetic nanoparticles (SMNPs) into the cellulose triacetate (CTA) results in well‐defined gas transport pathways in the membrane and enhances gas separation performances by expanding the effective‐selective surface area. Contrariwise, the structural observation of the fabricated MMMs in the absence of the magnetic field shows precipitation and aggregation of the particles at the bottom of the membrane. The permeability and selectivity of the H2/CO2 and O2/N2 gas pairs surpass the 2008 and 2015 Robeson upper bounds for the controlled embedding of the SMNPs series (up to 15 wt.%) while the neat CTA or MMM with a random non‐controlled SMNPs distribution exhibits substantially lower permeability and selectivity values. This work contributes to the development of magnetic field casting as a facile technique that advances the gas transport properties of MMMs, efficient for air separation.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Structurally Diverse (S)‐Lactams via an Engineered Amine Dehydrogenase
Authors: Qian Yuanyi , Chu Liliang , Zhang Xiaoyan , Lu Zhiwen , Bai Yunpeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOptically pure lactams have a wide diversity of applications, one of which is serving as important intermediates in the synthesis of agricultural bioactive compounds or pharmaceuticals. Efficient stereoselective synthesis of chiral lactams with low‐cost amine donors under mild conditions is desired for manufacturing of these important chemicals. Herein, a two‐step chemo‐enzymatic strategy has been designed to produce (S)‐lactams by engineering a natural amine dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus (TtherAmDH). TtherAmDH was subjected to eight cycles of directed evolution to enhance its reductive amination activity toward keto acid substrates. The variants showed improved specific activity toward 6 tested substrates and gave high stereoselectivities of up to 99% in the asymmetric synthesis of γ‐ and δ‐ lactams. In particular, TtherAmDHV8 showed a 237‐fold higher specific activity toward the model substrate levulinic acid and gave (S)‐5‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone in 99% ee with a space‐time yield of 75.3 g L−1 d−1. These results indicate that the engineered amine dehydrogenase TtherAmDH can serve as an efficient biocatalyst for the manufacture of highly valued chiral lactams.magnified image