bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unilateral adrenal infarction in pregnancy with associated acute hypoadrenalism and subsequent spontaneous biochemical and radiological resolution
Authors: Shah Najeeb , Deshmukh Harshal , Akbar Muhammad Jawaid , Saeed Yamna , Akbar Shahzad , Malik Shah , Allan Belinda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdrenal infarction is a rare cause of abdominal pain during pregnancy, and if missed, it can result in devastating clinical consequences for the mother and the child. The authors report a case of a young female who presented with severe abdominal pain and nausea. The biochemistry showed raised inflammatory markers and significant lactic acidosis. As the cause of the symptoms was not clear and the patient continued to deteriorate, a contrast‐enhanced CT abdomen and pelvis was done which was suggestive of an acute left adrenal infarction. Subsequently, the patient was confirmed to have biochemical hypoadrenalism and required replacement doses of hydrocortisone until recovery of the adrenal glucocorticoid reserve and anticoagulation for the duration of pregnancy. We discuss the workup including diagnostic imaging, follow‐up, and considerations for future pregnancies in this case.
Combined Effect of Palladium Catalyst and the Alcohol to Promote the Uncommon Bis‐Alkoxycarbonylation of Allylic Substrates
Authors: Olivieri Diego , Tarroni Riccardo , Della Ca' Nicola , Mancuso Raffaella , Gabriele Bartolo , Spadoni Gilberto , Carfagna Carla 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA chemoselective method for the carbonylation of allylic substrates CH2=CHCH2X (X=OAc, OC(O)CH2CN, OPh, OEt, OC(O)OPh, OC(O)OiBu, N(H)C(O)Ph, N(Ph)C(O)Ph, N(H)Boc, N(Ph)Boc, Ph, CO2Bn, CN), leading to alkyl succinates with preservation of the X group, under Pd(II)‐catalyzed oxidative carbonylation conditions, has been developed. Our method shows a completely different inverse chemoselectivity with respect to the “classical” substitutive carbonylation of the allyl compounds, which is known to provide β,γ‐unsaturated carbonyl derivatives through the formation of a π‐allylpalladium intermediate. An accurate study, carried out using allyl acetate as model substrate, allowed to maximize the selectivity in the envisioned 2‐CH2X substituted succinates. The best catalyst is generated in situ by mixing Pd(TFA)2 (TFA=trifluoroacetate) and the N,N′‐di(anthracen‐9‐yl)butane‐2,3‐diimine ligand. p‐Benzoquinone was used as oxidant in presence of benzyl alcohol, which acts as a nucleophile and as a solvent, under 4 bar of CO at 20 °C. A combined effect of the ligand and the nucleophile, rationalized through DFT calculations, has been observed both in promoting the bis‐alkoxycarbonylation process and in preventing π‐allylpalladium‐mediated side reactions, allowing the attainment of succinate derivatives with moderate to good yields.
The Spin Modulation Stimulated Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction over LaCoO3 Perovskite
Authors: Zhou Fangping , Zhao Zhao , Xu Ming , Wang Ting , Yang Huiru , Wang Rong , Wang Jiahui , Li Haibo , Feng Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPerovskite is a promising non‐noble catalyst and has been widely investigated for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, there is still serious lack of valid approaches to further enhance their catalytic performance. Herein, we propose a spin state modulation strategy to improve the OER electrocatalytic activity of typical perovskite material of LaCoO3. Specifically, the electronic configuration transition was realized by a simple high temperature thermal reduction process. M‐H hysteresis loop results reveal that the reduction treatment can produce more unpaired electrons in 3d orbit by promoting the electron transitions of Co from low spin state to high spin state, and thus lead to the increase of the spin polarization. Electrochemical measurements show that the catalytic performance of LaCoO3 is strongly dependent on its electronic configuration. With the optimized reduction treatment, the overpotential for the OER process in 0.5 M KOH electrolyte solution at 10 mA cm−2 current density was 396 mV, significantly lower than that of the original state. Furthermore, it can mediate efficient OER with an overpotential of 383 mV under an external magnetic field, which is attributed to the appropriate electron filling. Our results show that electron spin state regulation is a new way to boost the OER electrocatalytic activity.
Efficient Photocatalytic Carbonyl Alkylative Amination Enabled by Titanium‐Dioxide‐Mediated Decarboxylation
Authors: Xu Mei , Hua Ying , Fu Xin , Liu Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, a heterogeneous carbonyl alkylative amination reaction that proceeds by photoredox catalysis has been developed. The use of nano titanium dioxide (TiO2, 25 nm) as photocatalyst allows efficient synthesis of diverse amines in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies reveal a single‐electron‐transfer mechanism involving the photoexcitation of TiO2 to generate alkyl radicals from carboxylic acids decarboxylation. This protocol highlights the utility of using heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysts to promote a practical and general synthesis of complex amines from readily available feedstocks.
Tuning Diradical Properties of Boron‐Containing π‐Systems by Structural Isomerism
Authors: Tian Xinyu , Guo Jiaxiang , Sun Wenting , Yuan Liuzhong , Dou Chuandong , Wang Yue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTuning diradical character is an important topic for organic diradicaloids. Herein, we report the precise borylation enabling structural isomerism as an effective strategy to modulate diradical character and thereby properties of organic diradicaloids. We synthesized a new B‐containing polycyclic hydrocarbon that has the indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene π‐skeleton with the β‐carbons bonding to two boron atoms. Detailed theoretical and experimental results show that this bonding pattern leads to its distinctive electronic structures and properties in comparison to that of its isomeric molecule. This molecule has the efficient conjugation between boron atoms and π‐skeleton, resulting in downshifted LUMO and HOMO levels. Moreover, it exhibits smaller diradical character and thereby inhibited diradical properties, such as significantly blue‐shifted light absorption, larger energy bandgap and weak para‐magnetic resonance. Notably, this B‐containing polycyclic hydrocarbon possesses much stronger Lewis acidity and its Lewis acid‐base adducts display enhanced diradical character, demonstrating the positive effects of Lewis coordination on modulating diradical performance.
Disordered Low Molecular Weight Spiropyran Exhibiting Photoregulated Adhesion Ability
Authors: Zhang Lei , Deng Yawen , Xie Congxia , Wu Zhongtao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe functions of the materials composed of small molecules are highly dependent on their ordered molecular arrangements in both natural and artificial systems. Without ordered structure, small molecules hardly gain complicated functions, due to the absence of intermolecular covalent bond connection or strong network. Here, a low molecular weight spiropyran that could exhibit attractive photochromism and powerful adhesion property in disordered solid state is demonstrated. With maximum up to ∼8 MPa, the adhesion strength could be photoregulated in multiple levels, which also shows one‐to‐one correspondence to the specific color state. The working mechanism analysis on the photoregulated adhesion reveals that the isomer ratio of merocyanine form and the molecular packing density of spiropyran are the determining factors for the adhesion ability. The discovery of photoregulated adhesion from pure spiropyran provides a new strategy for developing functional materials by employing low molecular weight compounds.
Promoting GAINs (Give Attention to Limitations in Assays) over PAINs Alerts: no PAINS, more GAINs
Authors: Choo Malcolm Z. Y. , Chai Christina L. L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany concepts and guidelines in medicinal chemistry have been introduced to aid in successful drug discovery and development. An example is the concept of Pan‐Assay Interference Compounds (PAINS) and the elimination of such nuisance compounds from high‐throughput screening (HTS) libraries. PAINs, along with other guidelines in medicinal chemistry, are like double‐edged swords. If used appropriately, they may be beneficial for drug discovery and development. However, rigid and blind use of such concepts can hinder productivity. In this perspective, we introduce GAINS (give attention to limitations in assays) and highlight its relevance for successful drug discovery.
Organocatalytic Diastereodivergent Enantioselective Formal oxa‐Diels‐Alder Reaction of Unsaturated Ketones with Enoates Under Liquid‐Assisted Grinding Conditions
Authors: Peňaška Tibor , Modrocká Viktória , Stankovianska Klára , Mečiarová Mária , Rakovský Erik , Šebesta Radovan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChiral heterocycles occur in many compounds of interest, but their efficient synthesis is challenging. This study concerns the enantioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of densely substituted chiral pyran derivatives. Diastereodivergence of the oxa‐Diels‐Alder reaction is achieved by using either a bifunctional amino‐thiourea or a monofunctional quinine organocatalyst under ball‐milling conditions. Liquid‐assisted grinding proves a highly efficient means of affording pyrans in high yield, with high enantiomeric purities and short reaction times.
Effective Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Diformylfuran by an Acetal Protection Strategy
Authors: Boonyakarn Tat , Wiesfeld Jan J. , Asakawa Miyuki , Chen Lulu , Fukuoka Atsushi , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Nakajima Kiyotaka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn acetal protection strategy for 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was used to obtain 2,5‐diformyfuran (DFF) using concentrated HMF solutions and a γ‐Al2O3‐supported Ru catalyst (Ru/γ‐Al2O3). The HMF‐acetal with 1,3‐propanediol can be oxidized to DFF‐acetal with a yield of 84.0 % at an HMF conversion of 94.2 % from a 50 wt % solution. In contrast, aerobic oxidation of nonprotected HMF using a 10 wt % solution afforded DFF only in a moderate yield (52.3 %). Kinetic studies indicated that the six‐membered ring acetal group not only prevents side reactions but also accelerates aerobic oxidation of the −CH2OH moiety to −CHO under retention of the acetal functionality. Organic deposits formed during the reaction explained the significant decrease in the activity of the Ru/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst, which could be recovered neither by washing in water or organic solvents, nor by a calcination‐reduction treatment. Sonication of the used Ru/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst in an aqueous NaOH solution successfully removed the deposits and allowed reuse of the catalyst for at least four times without activity loss.
Single miller capacitor frequency compensation techniques: Theoretical comparison and critical review
Authors: Grasso Alfio Dario , Marano Davide , Palumbo Gaetano , Pennisi Salvatore 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic analytical comparison of the single‐Miller capacitor frequency compensation techniques suitable for three‐stage complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The comparison is carried out with the aid of a figure of merit that expresses a trade‐off among gain‐bandwidth product, load capacitance, and total transconductance, for equal values of the phase margin. The results found can be used before the transistor‐level design step and provide useful guidelines for the optimization of the small‐signal performance. Simulations by using a 65‐nm standard CMOS technology confirming the effectiveness of the theoretical comparison for 10 different OTA topologies are also provided.
A Bimetallic Ag/Ti‐Based Coordination Polymer as a Catalyst for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction and Selective Sulfide Oxidation
Authors: Wu Yi‐Xin , Ru Liu Xue , Yu Wei‐Dong , Li Lei‐Jiao , Pan Fuxing , Liu Weisheng , Liu Chao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe first example of heterometallic Ag/Ti bimetallic‐based coordination polymer was synthesized using salicylic acid as the ligand. The uniform Ag/Ti−O rod array has efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction activity with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 90.3 % at −0.88 V (vs RHE) and a maximum TOF of 658 h−1 at −1.08 V. The chemical catalytic property of the Ag/Ti−O rod was also studied, and the results showed that the Ag/Ti−O rod has good catalytic performance for selective oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide.
A Modular Synthesis of Teraryl‐Based α‐Helix Mimetics, Part 4: Core Fragments with Two Halide Leaving Groups Featuring Side Chains of Proteinogenic Amino Acids
Authors: Trobe Melanie , Blesl Julia , Vareka Martin , Schreiner Till , Breinbauer Rolf 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTeraryl‐based α‐helix mimetics have proven to be useful compounds for the inhibition of protein‐protein interactions (PPI). We have developed a modular and flexible approach for the synthesis of teraryl‐based α‐helix mimetics using a benzene core unit featuring two halide leaving groups of differentiated reactivity in the Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling used for teraryl assembly. The use of para‐bromo iodoarene core fragments resolved the issue of hydrolysis during cross‐coupling that was observed when using triflate as a leaving group. We report a complete set of para‐bromoiodoarene core fragments decorated with side chains of all proteinogenic amino acids relevant for PPI (Ala, Arg, Asn, Asp, Cys, Gln, Glu, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr and Val). In order to be compatible with general cross‐coupling conditions, some of the nucleophilic side chains had to be provided in a protected form to serve as stable building blocks.
A Modular Synthesis of Teraryl‐Based α‐Helix Mimetics, Part 5: A Complete Set of Pyridine Boronic Acid Pinacol Esters Featuring Side Chains of Proteinogenic Amino Acids
Authors: Trobe Melanie , Schreiner Till , Vareka Martin , Grimm Sebastian , Wölfl Bernhard , Breinbauer Rolf 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTeraryl‐based α‐helix mimetics have proven to be useful compounds for the inhibition of protein‐protein interactions (PPI). We have developed a modular and flexible approach for the synthesis of teraryl‐based α‐helix mimetics using pyridine containing boronic acid building blocks to increase the water solubility. Following our initial publication in which we have introduced the methodology in combination with sequential Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling for teraryl assembly, we can now report a complete set of pyridine based boronic acid building blocks decorated with side chains of all proteinogenic amino acids relevant for PPI (Ala, Arg, Asn, Asp, Cys, Gln, Glu, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, Val) to complement the core fragment set. For a representative set of teraryls we have studied the influence of the pyridine rings on the solubility of the assembled oligoarenes.
Efficient Synthesis of Bis(5‐arylfuran‐2‐yl)methane Scaffolds Utilizing Biomass‐Derived Starting Materials
Authors: Chacón‐Huete Franklin , Covone Jason , Zaroubi Liana , Forgione Pat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new synthetic route utilizing biomass‐derived furans as a starting material for the production of bis(5‐arylfuran‐2‐yl)methane scaffolds was developed. Decarboxylative cross‐coupling of 5‐hydroxymethylfuroic acid (HMFA) was studied in detail with overall good yields. Acid‐catalyzed self‐condensation was optimized to produce the target structures in excellent yields. Overall, this report introduces a new expedient synthesis to obtain bis(furyl) methane scaffolds that avoids the use of protecting groups and highlights the utilization of renewable carbon sources as starting materials.
KOtBu/DMSO Catalytic System for Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols to Ketones
Authors: Sai Masahiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe isomerization of allylic alcohols is an important reaction because it can afford carbonyl compounds in an atom‐economical manner. Although base‐catalyzed methods are more desirable than those using transition‐metal catalysts from both the economic and environmental points of view, these methods have several drawbacks, such as narrow substrate scope and high catalyst loading. This paper reports the development of an efficient KOtBu/DMSO catalytic system suitable for the isomerization of a broad range of allylic alcohols with good yields, to which previously reported systems could not be applied. This catalytic system was successfully applied to a tandem allylic isomerization/electrophilic trapping reaction, thereby highlighting its synthetic utility.
Direct Protein Detection in Solutions of High Ionic Strength using Polyethylene Glycol‐modified AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors
Authors: Diao Lina , Xu Zhan , Zhang Wangyang , Miao Bin , Hu Yimin , Gu Zhiqi , Li Jiadong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, we proposed a simple 3‐(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane/polyethylene glycol (APTES/PEG)‐AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) biosensor that enabled direct detection in high ionic strength solutions. Unlike previous modification strategies, the PEG‐modified on the GaN surface established a stable screening system by forming a porous biopolymer layer, which can overcome Debye shielding. In our work, the APTES/PEG modification enabled immunoglobulin G (IgG) to be easily detected in solutions with concentrations of up to 30 mM (3x) of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), indicating that the APTES/PEG modification strategy had the potential for direct detection of biomolecules in physiological solutions, which provided a new method for bio‐surface modification on GaN and advanced the practical application of AlGaN/GaN HEMT biosensors.
Formulation and production of persimmon milk drink and evaluation of its physicochemical, rheological, and sensorial properties
Authors: Jokar Akbar , Azizi Mohamad Hossyn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOne of the effective ways for increasing milk intake in a diet is producing flavored milk. In the present study, flavored persimmon milk drinks were formulated and produced. Rheological, sensorial, and physicochemical properties of the drinks were evaluated. Different amounts of persimmon (5, 10, 20, and 30% W/V), gum Arabic (0.1 and 0.2% W/V), and sugar (3 and 5% W/V) were used to produce persimmon milk. All the experiments were done in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replicates. First, persimmons were mixed thoroughly in a blender then, according to the formulation, whole milk was added to it and mixed again. The obtained mixture was heated up to 50 ᵒC then sugar and the gum were added and mixed completely for 3 min. The drink was pasteurized at 90 ᵒC for 1 min. Sensorial analysis revealed that the most acceptable persimmon milk was related to 0.1% gum Arabic, 5% sugar, and 10% persimmon. Flow behavior of the drinks with 20 and 30% persimmon was Non‐Newtonian, while 10% persimmon samples with and without gum showed Newtonian behavior. The drinks with 20 and 30% persimmon were pseudoplastic, and their apparent viscosity increased by increasing shear rates. By applying a proper content of persimmon in milk, we can produce a nutritious flavored milk drink with acceptable taste, stability, and consistency. As this drink has high nutrient contents like phenol, dietary fiber, vitamins, antioxidants, etc., it can help promote health, especially for children.
Tapping into emerging markets: EMNEs' strategies for innovation capability building
Authors: Lopez‐Vega Henry , Lakemond Nicolette 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article explores EMNEs' innovation capability building in emerging markets. The paper provides a longitudinal account of how the Brazilian cosmetics firm Natura transitioned from scant to ample innovation resources and processes. Building on the institution‐based view and the resource‐based view, we explain how EMNEs' innovation capability building is anchored in open innovation and collaborative nonmarket strategies. The paper reveals a unique pattern of innovation capability building based on a combination of local and global open innovation processes and harnessing the country characteristics over time. It is shown how combining open innovation and collaborative nonmarket strategies can help mitigate weak formal and informal institutions in emerging markets. The study offers an integrated framework explaining innovation capability building and the effects on the institutional setting.Managerial SummaryThe increase of well‐known EMNEs has raised interest in understanding how these firms build sustainable innovation capabilities. Based on a longitudinal study of the Brazilian‐based cosmetics firm Natura, this paper shows how an open innovation strategy can be used to tap into home‐market natural resources and connect to the global setting. This innovation capability process involves traditional market‐based strategies like inter‐organizational collaborations but also nonmarket strategies, such as developing local relationships, supporting socio‐biodiversity, and contributing to local society. The findings point at the importance of developing an overall innovation strategy, directing attention to innovation processes, engaging in recursive practice in innovation projects, responding to the market and nonmarket environments, and linking the emerging market institutional setting and the global market context.
Youth experiences of racism and family ethnic‐racial socialization in Germany: What we (don't) know
Authors: Juang Linda P. , Schwarzenthal Miriam , Aral Tuğçe , Pevec Sharleen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn 1988 the youth‐led movement “Schools without racism, schools with courage” was established in Belgium and quickly spread throughout Europe. German schools adopted this movement in 1995. Decades later, racism is not yet a strong developmental science research topic for studies of youth in Germany and Europe. In this commentary we argue that it should be. With increasing hate crimes and harassment, there is also a need to understand how families are socializing young people to be prepared for, cope with, resist, and disrupt racism. This type of ethnic‐racial socialization affects important developmental processes—adolescent ethnic‐racial identity development and intergroup and institutional understanding and relations—and requires a more prominent place of study in a migration‐diverse Germany. Studying these issues in this particular sociohistorical context will also contribute to a more context‐specific understanding of youth experiences of racism.
Navigating the impact of the community on community college diversity, equity, and inclusion
Authors: Hubbard‐Jackson Chris 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmerican community colleges are typically public 2‐year higher education institutions with a history and mission of providing educational access to the people in the communities in which they are located and serve. Nationally community colleges continue to become more diverse, providing increased access especially for the socioeconomically disadvantaged, women, and other marginalized groups (Malcom, 2012). Since community colleges continue to become more diverse, many have focused their attention on diversity, equity, and inclusion (D.E.I.) efforts. These efforts are impacted by the local community (location and culture). In this article, the researcher used geography of college choice and Braddock's perpetuation hypothesis as the frameworks for examining the impact of the community on community college campus diversity, as well as D.E.I. efforts. The researcher also provides recommendations including how to use data to navigate the impact of the community on the community college's diversity and D.E.I. efforts.