bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Posterior Spinal Fusion in Pediatric Patients with Down Syndrome
Authors: Fraser Helyn G. , Krakow Arielle , Lin Adrian , Harris Hilary , Andras Lindsay A. , Skaggs David L. , Flynn John M. , Fletcher Nicholas D. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome is associated with multiple orthopaedic manifestations. Although cervical instability is the most common spinal condition associated with Down syndrome, the prevalence of scoliosis has been estimated at 4.8% to 8.7%. Very few prior studies have documented the role of spinal fusion in this population, and all have included ≤10 patients.

Methods:
An institutional review board-approved multicenter retrospective analysis of patients with Down syndrome treated with spinal fusion between January 2009 and December 2019 was performed by cross-referencing Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions (ICD-9 and ICD-10) codes. Patients were followed for ≥2 years, with a mean follow-up of 3.77 years. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were collected, and complications were documented using the Clavien-Dindo-Sink (CDS) classification.

Results:
A total of 23 patients were included: 96% had ≥1 medical comorbidities, including 16 (70%) with congenital heart disease, of whom 88% had previous cardiac surgery, and 10 (44%) with thyroid disorders. All 23 patients underwent posterior spinal fusion. The mean estimated blood loss was 617 ± 459 mL, the mean length of the surgical procedure was 290 ± 92.7 minutes, and the mean length of hospital stay was 6.03 ± 2.91 days. The major Cobb angle measured 61.7° ± 17.6°, which corrected to 19.4° ± 14.8° (68.6% correction; p < 0.001), with well-maintained correction at 2 years of 22.0° ± 10.3° (64.3% correction; p = 0.158). Thirteen (57%) of 23 patients had a change in curve of >5°. There were no intraoperative complications; however, 12 patients (52%) sustained postoperative complications (e.g., need for reoperation, implant failure, and pulmonary complications), including 6 patients with CDS type 3 or 4 (e.g., wound dehiscence, late superficial abscess, pleural effusion, pseudarthrosis, and readmission for hypoxia). Four patients (17%) required a revision surgical procedure. One patient (4%) required an unplanned intensive care unit admission.

Conclusions:
Although instrumented spinal fusion can effectively correct spinal deformity in these patients, complications are more frequent than in children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, with over half of patients sustaining a complication.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Automated MPD System for Drilling Optimization and Formation Characterization in an Exploratory Well
Authors: Pinzon Juan , Castillo Oscar , Larsen Arturo , Tellez Paula , Ospina Jenny , Muñoz Sebastian , Fernandez Oscar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Frontera Energy drilled an HPHT exploratory gas well in northern Colombia, South America. The uncertainty of the geopressured conditions posed challenges and risks for this well including the potential for water and gas influx events, instability (collapse) of the wellbore, ballooning and a high temperature gradient. Early in the planning process, an automated managed pressure drilling (MPD) system was recommended determined to be a primary means for mitigation of non-productive time (NPT) which historically has been in the range of 25%. A challenge target NPT of 10% was set for this project though the utilization of MPD. The automated MPD application in two sections as part of varied drilling improvements measures allowed the well to be successfully drilled with 3% NPT resulting in a cost savings of 20%.
The automated MPD system provided characterization of the formation pressure, differentiation between detection of kick(s) and determination of the balloon limits, automation of swab/surge compensation and finally, the utilization of multiple fluids in the software solution for successful application of the mud cap drilling technique. This paper presents the detailed planning process, the MPD drilling strategy and the main events in which the fully automated system was able to overcome the challenges of this high-pressure high temperature (HPHT) gas well.
Bridging the Gap: Highly Depleted Reservoir Entry in a Mature HPHT Field
Authors: Cadd Michael , Stott Susannah , Graham Robert , Nowell Ryan , Schachner Josef 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This case study shows how three highly depleted reservoirs with large negative drilling windows, previously considered un-drillable, were safely entered by combining Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and drill-in liner technologies with a novel losses response strategy.
The challenge was to bridge the gap between the high pore pressure overburden and the low fracture strength reservoir. The reservoir had been depleted by some 12,000psi since production started, creating a 3,000psi negative drilling window. Conventional strategies to prevent losses were deemed unlikely to succeed, and the focus was instead on how best to respond to the near-inevitable onset of total losses. The gap was bridged using a low static mud weight in combination with high applied surface back pressure to give an Equivalent Mud Weight (EMW) suitable for the high-pressure overburden, whilst allowing immediate reduction in bottom hole pressure in the event of total losses on entry into the weakened reservoir. Endurance testing allowed the MPD equipment to be operated outside of its normal pressure envelope. In the reference case, losses would be managed by reducing Surface Back Pressure (SBP) while continuing to drill ahead. In the low-pressure case, Pressurised Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD) would be used to bullhead the well to a lighter mud while drilling ahead, before restoring returns. A contingency plan was in place for managing elevated gas levels in the returns, which was anticipated following a large reduction of bottom hole pressure across the overburden shales. In the extreme case where high gas levels from the shales prevented bringing returns to surface, cementing would also be carried out in Pressurised Mud Cap mode. A drill-in liner was used because many of the scenarios would not permit safe tripping and Wellbore Strengthening material was included in the mud in an attempt to reduce the severity of the losses.
Total losses were seen on two of the three wells, and all three wells were successfully completed. This paper will discuss the technology and techniques used along with the planning and procedures required to enable successful well construction in this challenging environment.
Cost-Efficient MPD Optimizing Long Reach Well Construction and Enhancing Safety Barriers on Strategic Haynesville HPHT Unconventional Shale
Authors: Arnone Maurizio , Flores Rudy , Amini Nadine , Norton Rich 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The strategic location of the Haynesville unconventional dry-gas shale, near some of the world largest petrochemical complexes, export facilities, and in proximity with the Gulf of Mexico makes it one of the most revenue attractive plays in the USA. However, with wellhead pressures in excess of 9,000 psi and bottom hole temperatures reaching 380°F, this deep shale is classified as a challenging dry-gas high pressure-high temperature basin.
The conservative and conventional approach of using extremely high mud density to deal with pressure uncertainties and possible dry gas entering the annulus while drilling, making connections, or tripping combined with the high temperature detrimental effect over the drilling fluid properties, have made the operators incur time consuming activities during the well construction process in this area.
After 4 years and 2 million feet of long reach horizontal production hole sections successfully drilled with MPD in this HPHT Texas-Louisiana shared unconventional gas play, our experiences after strategically developing and utilizing a state of the art precise, fast, and reliable-low maintenance electric set point choke in combination with reduced equipment footprint and crew on a setup to comply with easy mobilization for the rig to fit on the cost-efficiencies improvement plans from operators and rig contractors in the area are described on this document.
Fingerprinting Formation Breathing and Wellbore Ballooning: Getting Mixed Signals
Authors: Gunn Philip , Retuta Maria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The use of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) techniques allows the rapid differentiation of formation breathing or wellbore ballooning from a gas kick through a series of quick shut-in, build-up and flowback tests. These tests have proven to reduce uncertainty, NPT, and total drilling time by ensuring that operations do not enter secondary well control after mistaking flowback for a kick. Such tests provide definitive results when done correctly. However, when performed incorrectly, the wellbore response can appear either ambiguous or indicative of a kick.
When done correctly, the ballooning test shows dissipation in both pressure build-up and flowback over time. However, when done incorrectly, both pressure and flowback can appear to gain drive. This is caused by induced losses being allowed to start equalizing with the wellbore with significant flowback volume prior to beginning the shut-in, build-up and flowback testing.
As a result, ballooning testing can show classic signs of a gas kick as increasing pressure and flowback is observed or ambiguous results from the rising and then falling pressure and flowback. This can necessitate some combination of entering costly secondary well control and the need to trip back in to circulate bottoms up only to observe minimal signs of reservoir fluids. This paper presents type modelling that accounts for the observed unexpected results and reiterates rigid testing parameters for the successful implementation of diagnostic testing.
A Review of Conventionally Undrillable Wells with Ultra-Narrow Pressure Windows Successfully Drilled Utilizing MPD Over the Last Five Years in USA and Canada
Authors: Nauduri Sagar , Parker Martyn , Shimi Ahmed , Guefack Gildas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) has been used on multiple projects by several operators in different regions of North America to drill through formations that had ultra-narrow (or conventionally undrillable) pressure windows. As illustrated by the case studies discussed here, a combination of Constant Bottomhole Pressure (CBHP) MPD, Anchor Point MPD, and Pressurized MudCap Drilling (PMCD) MPD variations helped drill through several of these formations, trip in and out safely, log and core hole-sections, and run liner or casing to the target depth and cement it in place.
Thus, MPD successfully enabled the operators to tap into these otherwise unattainable reserves. Typical challenges include formation/wellbore instability, shallow-water flows, over-pressured formations, low FIT/LOT, fracture pressure/wellbore strength regression, and moderate to severe losses. A few anomalous formations with uncertain pressure regimes resulted in severe to total losses on one well, while an adjacent well drilled at similar depths resulted in high-pressure influxes with ensuing well-control consequences.
A detailed evaluation of historical data, comprehensive hydraulic analysis, appropriate MPD design and planning, and use of technologically advanced, reliable, efficient, and well-maintained equipment were critical factors that led to the success of these MPD projects. Above all, utilizing knowledgeable, experienced, and well-trained MPD personnel helped integrate MPD with the existing rig systems and teams and consistently solve the seemingly insurmountable drilling challenges safely and reliably.
Floating Casings in 10,000ft Laterals with MPD in Haynesville
Authors: Patil Harshad , Dietrich Earl , Knight Ian , Matherne Greg , Hovland Svein 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper highlights a case study where MPD (Managed Pressure Drilling) techniques were utilized while floating long string casings in the 10,000ft laterals in the Haynesville, saving the client more than 30-40% of rig time. The challenges encompassing the events that cause casing floating equipment conversion, either due to excessive gas, flow out from well or drag, are illustrated herein. This paper demonstrates the specific MPD techniques which facilitated floating casing to TD (Target Depth) and prevent its untimely conversion. The use of unique MPD methods illustrated herein enabled prevention of excess gas, hole collapse and situations relating to ballooning which enabled floating the casing to TD.
These MPD methods helped reduce casing running times from 34-48hrs to 24-27hrs and prevented shut-in or "stop & circulate" scenarios during running casing. These shut-ins and/or "stop & circulate" scenarios were largely caused by increased flow out readings as the gas expanded at surface along with indications of well ballooning. Ballooning scenarios were later found to be associated with high surge pressures and higher SBP required to mitigate gas at surface. A holistic approach was taken to identify methods to mitigate such events. It was obvious that MPD pressures had to be manipulated for managing surge to mitigate ballooning, but excessive trip gas which necessitated higher MPD pressures while running casing had to be primarily evaluated. It was later found that excessive gas in these 10,000ft laterals were not just a function of swabbing pressures while POOH (pulling out of hole) with BHA (Bottomhole Assembly), but also related to POOH practices and methods which affected wellbore stability.
To enable floating casing all the way to TD, first the MPD pressures and bottoms-up circulation strategy while POOH with BHA were analyzed and modified for the client. Second, the MPD balanced pill volume (which is typically spotted in the vertical) and its spotting procedure/calculations were revised to ensure minimizing gas encroachment and migration in vertical hole section. The design of this balanced pill accommodated automatic heavy pill displacement out of the well without the need for stopping and circulating pill while running casing. And third, the MPD control system was modified to automatically manipulate the MPD pressures as the casing was lowered to manage surge and prevent losses/ballooning. This paper illustrates how all of these methods enabled floating the casing in 10,000ft lateral in Haynesville.
Dynamics of optical vortices in 2D materials
Authors: Kurman Yaniv , Dahan Raphael , Sheinfux Hanan , Rosolen Gilles , Jenzen Eli , Edgar James , Koppens Frank , Kaminer Ido 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Quantized vortices are topological defects found in different two-dimensional geometries, from liquid crystals to ferromagnets, famously involved in spontaneous symmetry breaking and phase transitions. Their optical counterparts appear in planar geometries as a universal wave phenomenon, possessing topologically protected orbital angular momentum (OAM). So far, the spatio-temporal dynamics of optical vortices, including vortex-pair creation and annihilation, was observed only in Bose-Einstein condensates. Here we observe optical vortices in 2D materials and measure their dynamics, including events of pair-creation and annihilation. The vortices conserve their combined OAM during pair creation/annihilation events and determine the surrounding field profile throughout their motion between these events. The vortices are made of phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride, which we directly probe using free electrons in an ultrafast transmission electron microscope. Our findings promote future investigations of vortex phenomena in 2D material platforms, toward their use for chiral plasmonics, quantum simulators, and control over selection rules in light-matter interactions.
Characterization and efficiency of chitosan zinc-oxide nano-adsorbent coated sand filter bed for milk processing industry wastewater treatment
Authors: Dinesha Bettathavarekere Lingamurthy , Hiregoudar Sharanagouda , Nidoni Udaykumar , Ramappa Kotrappa Thowdur , Dandekar Anilkumar Tukaram , Sankalpa Kallhalli Boregowda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sustainable wastewater management in an industry is required to avoid widespread water scarcity problems. In this study, chitosan zinc oxide nano-adsorbent was synthesised and obtained a particle size of 88.35 ± 2.89 d. nm. Superadsorbent was developed by coating Chitosan-zinc oxide nanoadsorbent (CZnO) with sand, and characterised by considering its adsorption properties as well as its surface morphology, crystallinity, and functional groups. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to optimise the process parameters such as CZnO coating dosage, contact time, pH, and initial concentration of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Adsorbent efficiency was studied in treating simulated and real milk processing industry wastewater. The percent reduction efficiency of organic pollutants was found to increase with the increase in contact time and coating dosage of CZnO. Adsorption was rapid and occurred within 140 min with different coating dosages. The percent reduction of BOD and COD increased with an increase in pH. The optimum solution pH for adsorption of both the pollutants from synthetic solution was 6.0. The equilibrium concentration of synthetic solution reached 200 mg/L and 250 mg/L for both pollutants. Four regeneration cycles were applied without compromising the adsorption efficiency of the superadsorbent. The performance of the superadsorbent was compared with previous studies, and it was found to have excellent adsorption efficiency. Hence, chitosan zinc-oxide nano-adsorbent coated sand could be used as a promising superadsorbent for the removal of organic load from milk processing industry wastewater.
Targeting regulation of VEGF by BPTF in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and its potential clinical significance
Authors: Dai Meng , Hua Chunyu , Wang Mingqin , Gao Li , Jiang Ling , Liu Yuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
VEGF facilitates the formation of tumor angiogenesis, and bevacizumab targeting VEGF is used in anti-tumor therapy. It’s meaningful to clarify the upstream regulatory mechanism of VEGF. BPTF is important in chromosomal remodeling, and promotes the progression of tumors. However, its promotion of tumor angiogenesis by targeting VEGF has not been reported. This study aims to elucidate the regulation of VEGF by BPTF and its clinical significance in NSCLC.
Methods
1. Reduced the expression of BPTF by transfecting BPTF siRNA and shRNA plasmid in vivo and vitro. Examined the expressions of BPTF, VEGF and CD144 by immunofluorescence and Western Blot. 2. The expressions of BPTF, VEGF, CD144 and CD31 were detected in lung adenocarcinoma samples by immunofluorescence, Western Blot and immunohistochemical. 3. 26 lung adenocarcinoma patients treated by bevacizumab were divided into 2 groups according to the bevacizumab efficacy. BPTF and VEGF expressions were analyzed.
Results
1. BPTF knockdown can inhibit the expression of VEGF and CD144 in vivo and vitro. 2. Compared with para-cancer tissues, BPTF, VEGF, CD144 and CD31 were highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma. 3. In 75 lung adenocarcinoma specimens, BPTF and VEGF overexpression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. The five-year survival rate in group of BPTF and VEGF low expression was higher, and BPTF was positively correlated with VEGF. 4. Among 26 patients treated with bevacizumab, the patients with BPTF overexpresstion are more in the sensitive group.
Conclusions
BPTF positively regulates VEGF expression and BPTF predicts a better efficacy of bevacizumab in NSCLC.
MicroRNA-650 regulates the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease through targeting Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5
Authors: Lin Li , Liu Xiaodong , Cheng Xuejun , Li Yujing , Gearing Marla , Levey Allan , Huang Xiaoli , Li Ying , Jin Peng , Li Xuekun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis features progressive neurodegeneration, amyloid-β plaque formation and neurofibrillary tangles. Ample evidence has indicated the involvement of epigenetic pathways in AD pathogenesis. Here, we show that the expression of microRNA 650 (miR-650) is altered in brains from AD patients. Furthermore, we found that the processing of primary miR-650 to mature miR-650 is misregulated. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that miR-650 targets the expression of three AD-associated components: Apolipoprotein E (APOE), Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 (CDK5), and we have experimentally confirmed that miR-650 is able to significantly reduce the expression of APOE, PSEN1, and CDK5 in vitro. Importantly, the overexpression of miR-650 was further shown to significantly alter the CDK5 level and ameliorate AD pathologies in APP-PSEN1 transgenic mice. Overall, our results indicate that miR-650 influences AD pathogenesis through regulation of CDK5.
“If I want to be able to keep going, I must be active.” Supporting Remote Physical Activity Programming for Older Adults during COVID-19 and Beyond: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Mehrabi Samira , Drisdelle Sara , Dutt Hanna R , Middleton Laura E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:Pandemic-related public health restrictions limited older adults’ physical activity programs and opportunities. Supports for older adults' physical activity shifted to remote options, including virtual programming; however, information regarding the adoption and effectiveness of these supports is limited.​ Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate i) changes in physical activity of older adults during the pandemic, and ii) the uptake, perceived effectiveness, facilitators of and barriers to remote supports for physical activity among older adults during the pandemic.Methods:Community-dwelling older adults (60+) were recruited to a cross-sectional online survey and an optional semi-structured follow-up interview. Survey questions addressed demographics, physical activity behaviors, and perceived effectiveness of, and facilitators and barriers for remote supports for physical activity. Interview questions were guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel and data was analyzed via inductive and deductive thematic analysis.Results:57 older adults (68.3±7.1 years, 43 Female)​ completed the survey and 15 of these (67.4±5.8 years, 12 Female) completed interviews. Most participants were Caucasian, highly educated, and lived in Canada. There was no change in older adults' total physical activity from before to during the pandemic (p=0.74); however, at-home exercise participation increased as did technology usage and adoption of new technology. Participants perceived real-time virtual exercise, recorded exercise videos, and phone/webchat check-ins to be the most effective remote supports. The greatest barriers to physical activity were lack of contact with exercise professionals, limited access to exercise equipment or space, and decreased mental wellness. Thematic analysis identified four main themes: i) Knowledge, access to equipment, and space enhance or constrain physical activity opportunities, ii) Individual and environmental factors motivate physical activity uptake, iii) Social connection and real-time support encourage physical activity engagement, and iv) Current and future considerations to support technology usage for exercise.Conclusion:Use of remote supports for physical activity increased during the pandemic, with video-based programming being most favored. Live virtual programming may be best suited to encouraging physical activity among older adults as it may provide greater motivation for exercise, increase social and mental wellness, and alleviate safety concerns.