bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoplastic 3D printing technology using a single filament for producing realistic patient-derived breast models
Authors: Dukov Nikolay , Bliznakova Kristina , Okkalidis Nikiforos , Teneva Tsvetelina , Encheva Elitsa , Bliznakov Zhivko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. This work describes an approach for producing physical anthropomorphic breast phantoms from clinical patient data using three-dimensional (3D) fused-deposition modelling (FDM) printing. Approach. The source of the anthropomorphic model was a clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) patient image set, which was segmented slice by slice into adipose and glandular tissues, skin and tumour formations; thus obtaining a four component computational breast model. The segmented tissues were mapped to specific Hounsfield Units (HU) values, which were derived from clinical breast Computed Tomography (CT) data. The obtained computational model was used as a template for producing a physical anthropomorphic breast phantom using 3D printing. FDM technology with only one polylactic acid filament was used. The physical breast phantom was scanned at Siemens SOMATOM Definition CT. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation were carried out to assess the clinical realism of CT slices of the physical breast phantom. Main results. The comparison between selected slices from the computational breast phantom and CT slices of the physical breast phantom shows similar visual x-ray appearance of the four breast tissue structures: adipose, glandular, tumour and skin. The results from the task-based evaluation, which involved three radiologists, showed a high degree of realistic clinical radiological appearance of the modelled breast components. Measured HU values of the printed structures are within the range of HU values used in the computational phantom. Moreover, measured physical parameters of the breast phantom, such as weight and linear dimensions, agreed very well with the corresponding ones of the computational breast model. Significance. The presented approach, based on a single FDM material, was found suitable for manufacturing of a physical breast phantom, which mimics well the 3D spatial distribution of the different breast tissues and their x-ray absorption properties. As such, it could be successfully exploited in advanced x-ray breast imaging research applications.
Equivalent electric circuit model of accurate ion energy control with tailored waveform biasing
Authors: Yu Qihao , Lemmen Erik , Vermulst Bas , Mackus Adriaan J M , (Erwin) Kessels Wilhelmus M M , Wijnands Korneel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For atomic scale plasma processing involving precise, (an)isotropic and selective etching and deposition, it is required to precisely control the energy of the plasma ions. Tailored waveforms have been employed to bias the substrate table to accurately control this ion energy. Recent research has shown that switched-mode power converters can be used to generate this kind of waveform, with the benefit of increased energy efficiency and flexibility compared to the traditionally used linear amplifiers. In this article, an improved equivalent electric circuit model of the plasma reactor is proposed to allow simulation and bias waveform optimization. The equivalent electric circuit is analysed for different process phases, including the charge, discharge, and post-discharge phase. The proposed model is suitable for electric circuit simulation and can be used for predicting the electric waveforms and ion energy distributions. Plasma parameters are required as input for the model, thus an empirical parameter identification method based on the electrical measurements of the bias voltage and output current waveforms is introduced. Since these electrical measurements do not interact with the plasma process, the proposed parameter identification method is nonintrusive. Experiments have been carried out, which demonstrate that the proposed model and parameter identification method provide the expected accuracy.
Influence of chain-like cobalt particles on the properties of magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Tong Yu , Dong Xufeng , Qi Min , Wu Zhanjun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The different pre-structure formed by the particles determine the performance of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs). In this study, spherical cobalt particles with a diameter of 2–5 μm and chain-like cobalt particles (CCPs) composed of spherical particles with a diameter of about 1 μm with a chain length of 10–40 μm were respectively prepared. These two kinds of particles were used to prepared MREs under different orientation magnetic fields. The effects of different chain-like microstructures on the performance of MRE are compared. The dynamic viscoelastic test results of MREs show that the chain-like particles increased the movement resistance in the matrix, thereby increasing the damping factor of CCP-MREs. The special chain-like particles improved the Payne effect factor and magnetic field-induced storage modulus of isotropic CCP-MRE. It is worth noting that the performance of anisotropic CCP-MRE is different from traditionally believed performance improvement. Based on this work, a relationship curve between the MR effect and the adjacent particles’ distance was proposed.
Seawater salinity modeling using bivariate probit regression
Authors: Faisol  , Yulianto Tony , Arsyiah  , Sugiono  , Basuki Achmad , Zainuddin Muhammad Agus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Salt is one of the marine resources that is quite a lot needed as a supplementary food for the people of Indonesia. However, efforts to increase salt production have not been in demand, including in efforts to improve its quality, because many factors affect sea salt content or salinity, including the evaporation process, location and size of the sea, wind, air humidity and sea water temperature in this study are expected to produce the best salinity modeling by taking into account the factors that affect salinity. In this study, the method used was probit bivariate. The parameter estimation method used in the bivariate probit is the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). After the initial bivariate probit regression model is formed, then testing is carried out to determine the significance of each predictor variable to the response variable. After that the model that is formed identifies the criteria of goodness using the smallest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value of -9.03 so that the modeling results are good.
An illustration of mathematical skills: the procept (process-concept) junior high school students in solving mathematical problems
Authors: Prayogo  , Suwarsono St , Khabibah Siti 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study is inspired by the result of a previous study which found that student skills in managing mathematical concepts to solve mathematics are very low. Students find difficulties in searching, applying, or choosing the problem-solving procedures. By considering this issue, the researchers aim to discover the process of managing knowledge to find flexible solutions with conceptual basis while understanding the symbols used, both as the process and concept to solve mathematical problems. Procept in this paper is defined as the symbol that expresses process and concept. This study was a qualitative-explorative descriptive research. The research subject was determined by giving mathematics skill test to 42 Junior High School students as the subject, thus, five high-skilled students were acquired, while 22 students fell into the moderate category, and 15 students fell into the low category. The characterization for the illustration of procept skills of each category is formulated. Data collecting was conducted by implementing a task-based interview, and was analysed by applying the qualitative data analysis technique performed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Research results show that in the formation stages of procept (pre-procedure, procedure, multi-procedure, process, procept), subjects with high and moderate skills of mathematics have reached the procept stage, while subjects with low mathematical skills are in the stage between the procedural and multi-procedural.
Improving students’ mathematical intuitive thinking ability using analogy learning model
Authors: Kurniawati L , Farhana I S , Miftah R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Analogy learning model is a learning that use analogies, namely comparing concepttarget and concept analog to find related features both of them then make conclusion. The purpose of this research was to know students’ mathematical intuitive thinking ability between students taught with Teaching with analogy model and those taught using a scientific learning. The research was conducted at senior high school in Depok. The method of research used quasi experiment method with posttest-only control group design. The samples are 71 students, they are 37 students in experimental group and 34 students in control group by cluster random sampling technique. Data collection to measure the ability of students’ mathematical intuitive thinking used by test instrument. The result of this research shows that the value of sig.=0,000 less than signification standard 0,05 on hypothesis test. This indicates that the average of students’ mathematical intuitive thinking abilityon teaching sequences and series taught using teaching with analogy model is higher than those taught with scientific learning. This research concludes that learning mathematics using teaching with analogy model has an effect on students’ mathematical intuitive thinking ability.
The usefulness of LabXChange virtual lab and PhyPhox real lab on pendulum student practicum during pandemic
Authors: Nanto D , Agustina R D , Ramadhanti I , Putra R P , Mulhayatiah D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Virtual Laboratory (virtual lab) is a series of virtual experiment laboratories that have been designed and programmed to be used by students for practicum, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The virtual lab is helpful for student to build content knowledge which usually they do in real practicum activities. The virtual lab is arranged systematically. Therefore, the result should be close to the real value. Here we report our study on pendulum whether the virtual lab experiment yield the same result as the real laboratory (real lab). We compare both results of experimental data using data analytics and also graphic analytics. The results from the study, shows that there is no significant difference between virtual lab and real lab. Thus, the virtual laboratory is a comparable pendulum experimental result for students doing a remote practicum in physics.
Fast wave interferometer for ion density measurement on DIII-D
Authors: Akiyama T. , Boivin R.L. , Brookman M.W. , Degrandchamp G.H. , Heidbrink W.W. , Muscatello C.M. , Pinsker R.I. , Thome K.E. , Van Compernolle B. , Van Zeeland M.A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A fast wave interferometer (FWI), which can measure ion mass density, has been developed on DIII-D for its use on future fusion reactors, as well as for the study of ion behavior in current plasma devices. The frequency of the fast waves used for the FWI is around 60 MHz, and require antennas and coaxial cables or waveguides, which, unlike traditional mirror-based optical interferometers, are less susceptible to neutron/gamma-ray radiation and are relatively immune to impurity deposition and erosion as well as alignment issues. The bulk ion density evaluated using FWI show good agreement with that derived from CO2 interferometry within about 15%. When the ion mass density measurement by FWI is combined with an electron density measurement from CO2 interferometry, Z
eff measurements are also enabled and are in agreement with those from visible Bremsstrahlung measurements. Additionally, large-bandwidth FWI measurements clearly resolve 10–100 kHz coherent modes and demonstrate its potential as a core fluctuation diagnostic, sensitive to both magnetic and ion density perturbations.
Prioritizing climate change adaptation needs for hydropower sector in China
Authors: Gu Weiyi , He Wenfeng , Su Hanshi , Liu Beibei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Differentiating spatial–temporal hydropower risk triggered by climate change is crucial to climate adaptation and hydropower programming. In this research, we use a fixed-effect model on 5082 plants in China to estimate how the revenue of hydropower plants responded to climate change over 16 years, and project the revenue change and fit the damage function driven by 42 climate realizations. Results show that the revenue change of the hydropower sector demonstrates substantial regional variation and would reduce by 9.34% ± 1.21% (mean ± s.d.) yr−1 on average under RCP 8.5 by 2090s as compared to 2013, about four times larger than that under RCP4.5. Carbon leakage caused by thermal power substitution reaches 467.56 ± 202.63 (112.49 ± 227.45) Mt CO2e under RCP8.5 (RCP4.5). Different climatic conditions manifest locally, and different climate resilience makes the response function regionally heterogeneous. Southwest China is identified as the priority region for adaptation through integrated evaluation of historical climate sensitivity, future climate variability, and regional hydropower importance, informing more adaptation and investment needs of further hydropower development in the area.
Bounds on fluctuations for ensembles of quantum thermal machines
Authors: Gerry Matthew , Kalantar Na’im , Segal Dvira 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study universal aspects of fluctuations in an ensemble of noninteracting continuous quantum thermal machines in the steady-state limit, beyond linear response. Considering an individual machine, such as a refrigerator, in which relative fluctuations (and high order cumulants) of the cooling heat current to the absorbed heat current, η
(n), are upper-bounded,

η

(

n

)

⩽

η

C

n

with n ⩾ 2 and η
C the Carnot efficiency, we prove that an ensemble of N distinct machines similarly satisfies this upper bound on the relative fluctuations of the ensemble,

η

N

(

n

)

⩽

η

C

n

. For an ensemble of distinct quantum refrigerators with components operating in the tight-coupling limit we further prove the existence of a lower bound on

η

N

(

n

)

in specific cases, exemplified on three-level quantum absorption refrigerators and resonant-energy thermoelectric junctions. Beyond special cases, the existence of a lower bound on

η

N

(

2

)

for an ensemble of quantum refrigerators is demonstrated by numerical simulations. We further show that the lower bound on

η

N

(

2

)

may, however, be violated for an ensemble of quantum engines.
A case study on manufacturing electronic-embedded garments with stitched surface-mount fabrication
Authors: Islam Molla Md Tahmidul , E Dunne Lucy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Electronic-embedded textiles or e-textiles preserve the form factor of typical apparel but have the ability to provide required electrical performance, enabling expanded functionality and comfort to the wearer. However, durable, reliable, and scalable manufacturing of e-textiles has remained one of the major challenges to large-scale development of garment-integrated applications of wearable technology. Moreover, there is a gap in our understanding of the impact of integration of electronics into textiles and challenges involved in manufacturing e-textile garments in mass. In this paper, we present the first manufacturing case study for electronic-embedded garments, to the best of our knowledge. We first developed a sensor-integrated fire-fighter turnout gear coat as an example e-textile product. Next, we performed a pre-production study to investigate the new variables that emerge from the prototyping phase to the production phase. To evaluate the challenges of manufacturing e-textiles in mass as compared to non-electronic garments, we produced 40 pieces each of regular and temperature sensing fire-fighter turnout gear coat liner garments using stitched surface-mount fabrication methods. The study results show that the average manufacturing time and cost to produce a sensor-integrated thermal liner are 3.27 and 3.44 times higher, respectively, than producing a regular thermal liner garment, given that all the materials, labor, and standard sewing methods and machines remain constant. Additionally, we show the impact on requisite worker skills and training and quality assurance methods to produce e-textile garments compared to regular garments. We illustrate high-potential areas where strategic product and production design that leverages existing machines and tools can reduce the impact that embedded technologies have on labor, equipment, and cost. We conclude that the stitched surface-mount manufacturing method could potentially be used as an alternative for manufacturing e-textiles in mass.
Predicting the Impact of Alcohol Taxation Increases on Mortality—A Comparison of Different Estimation Techniques
Authors: Tran Alexander , Jiang Huan , Kim Kawon Victoria , Room Robin , Štelemėkas Mindaugas , Lange Shannon , Rovira Pol , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine how standard analytical approaches to model mortality outcomes of alcohol use compare to the true results using the impact of the March 2017 alcohol taxation increase in Lithuania on all-cause mortality as an example.MethodsFour methodologies were used: two direct methodologies: (a) interrupted time-series on mortality and (b) comparing predictions based on time-series modeling with the real number of deaths for the year following the implementation of the tax increase; and two indirect methodologies: (c) combining a regression-based estimate for the impact of taxation on alcohol consumption with attributable-fraction methodology and (d) using price elasticities from meta-analyses to estimate the impact on alcohol consumption before applying attributable-fraction methodology.Results and ConclusionsWhile all methodologies estimated reductions in all-cause mortality, especially for men, there was substantial variability in the level of mortality reductions predicted. The indirect methodologies had lower predictions as the meta-analyses on elasticities and risk relations seem to underestimate the true values for Lithuania. Directly estimated effects of taxation based on the actual mortalities seem to best represent the true reductions in alcohol-attributable mortality. A significant increase in alcohol excise taxation had a marked impact on all-cause mortality in Lithuania.
Toward Clinical Application of Leukocyte Counts Based on Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis
Authors: Sontag Stephanie , Bocova Ledio , Hubens Wouter H G , Nüchtern Selina , Schnitker Matthis , Look Thomas , Schröder Kema M , Plümäkers Birgit , Tharmapalan Vithurithra , Wessiepe Martina , Kraus Thomas , Kramer Jan , Rink Lothar , Koschmieder Steffen , Wagner Wolfgang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDifferential leukocyte counts are usually measured based on cellular morphology or surface marker expression. It has recently been shown that leukocyte counts can also be determined by cell-type–specific DNA methylation (DNAm). Such epigenetic leukocyte counting is applicable to small blood volumes and even frozen material, but for clinical translation, the method needs to be further refined and validated.MethodsWe further optimized and validated targeted DNAm assays for leukocyte deconvolution using 332 venous and 122 capillary blood samples from healthy donors. In addition, we tested 36 samples from ring trials and venous blood from 266 patients diagnosed with different hematological diseases. Deconvolution of cell types was determined with various models using DNAm values obtained by pyrosequencing or digital droplet PCR (ddPCR).ResultsRelative leukocyte quantification correlated with conventional blood counts for granulocytes, lymphocytes, B cells, T cells (CD4 or CD8), natural killer cells, and monocytes with pyrosequencing (r = 0.84; r = 0.82; r = 0.58; r = 0.50; r = 0.70; r = 0.61; and r = 0.59, respectively) and ddPCR measurements (r = 0.65; r = 0.79; r = 0.56; r = 0.57; r = 0.75; r = 0.49; and r = 0.46, respectively). In some patients, particularly with hematopoietic malignancies, we observed outliers in epigenetic leukocyte counts, which could be discerned if relative proportions of leukocyte subsets did not sum up to 100%. Furthermore, absolute quantification was obtained by spiking blood samples with a reference plasmid of known copy number.ConclusionsTargeted DNAm analysis by pyrosequencing or ddPCR is a valid alternative to quantify leukocyte subsets, but some assays require further optimization.
ATRI EDC: a novel cloud-native remote data capture system for large multicenter Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias clinical trials
Authors: Jimenez-Maggiora Gustavo A , Bruschi Stefania , Qiu Hongmei , So Jia-Shing , Aisen Paul S 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute (ATRI) developed a novel clinical data management system, the ATRI electronic data capture system (ATRI EDC), to address the complex regulatory, operational, and data requirements that arise in the conduct of multicenter Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (AD/ADRDs) clinical trials. We describe the system, its utility, and the broader implications for the field of clinical trials and clinical research informatics.Materials and MethodsThe ATRI EDC system was developed, tested, and validated using community-based agile software development methods and cloud-native single-page application design principles. It offers an increasing number of application modules, supports a high degree of study-specific configuration, and empowers study teams to effectively communicate and collaborate on the accurate and timely completion of study activities.ResultsTo date, the ATRI EDC system supports 10 clinical studies, collecting study data for 4596 participants. Three case descriptions further illustrate how the system’s capabilities support diverse study-specific requirements.DiscussionThe ATRI EDC system has several advantages: its modular capabilities can accommodate rapidly evolving research designs and technologies; its community-based agile development approach and community-friendly licensing model encourage collaboration per the principles of open science; finally, with continued development and community building efforts, the system has the potential to facilitate the effective conduct of clinical studies beyond the field of AD/ADRD.ConclusionBy effectively addressing the requirements of multicenter AD/ADRD studies, the ATRI EDC system supports ATRI’s scientific mission of rigorously testing new AD/ADRD therapies and facilitating the effective conduct of multicenter clinical studies.