bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility and repeatability of a semi-automated pipeline to quantify trapeziometacarpal joint angles using dynamic computed tomography
Authors: Kuczynski Michael T. , Wang Kendra , Tse Justin J. , Bugajski Tomasz , Manske Sarah L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint is a mechanically complex joint and is commonly affected by musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoarthritis. Quantifying in vivo TMC joint biomechanics, such as joint angles, with traditional reflective marker-based methods can be difficult due to the joint’s location in the hand. Dynamic computed tomography (CT) can facilitate the quantification of TMC joint motion by continuously capturing three-dimensional volumes over time. However, post-processing of dynamic CT datasets can be time intensive and automated methods are needed to reduce processing times to allow for application to larger clinical studies. The purpose of this work is to introduce a fast, semi-automated pipeline to quantify joint angles from dynamic CT scans of the TMC joint and evaluate the associated error in joint angle and translation computation by means of a reproducibility and repeatability study.

Methods
Ten cadaveric hands were scanned with dynamic CT using a passive motion device to move thumbs in a radial abduction–adduction motion. Static CT scans and high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT scans were also acquired to generate high-resolution bone meshes. Abduction–adduction, flexion–extension, and axial rotation angles were computed using a joint coordinate system. Reproducibility and repeatability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients, Bland–Altman analysis, and root mean square errors. Target registration errors were computed to evaluate errors associated with image registration.

Results
We found good repeatability for flexion–extension, abduction–adduction, and axial rotation angles. Reproducibility was moderate for all three angles. Joint translations exhibited greater repeatability than reproducibility. Specimens with greater joint degeneration had lower repeatability and reproducibility. We found that the difference in resulting joint angles and translations were likely due to differences in segment coordinate system definition between multiple raters, rather than due to registration errors.

Conclusions
The proposed semi-automatic processing pipeline was fast, repeatable, and moderately reproducible when quantifying TMC joint angles and translations. This work provides a range of errors for TMC joint angles from dynamic CT scans using manually selected anatomical landmarks.
Ertapenem-induced neurotoxicity in an end-stage renal disease patient on intermittent haemodialysis: a case report
Authors: Shahar Shamira , Arimuthu Durga A. , Mazlan Sadanah Aqashiah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Carbapenem-induced neurotoxicity is an unusual side effect, with seizure being the most commonly reported symptom. Among the carbapenems, imipenem-cilastin is classically associated with the most severe neurotoxicity side effects. Carbapenem is mainly excreted by the kidney and its half-life is significantly increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, dose adjustment is necessary in such patients. Ertapenem-associated neurotoxicity is increasingly being reported in CKD patients, but rarely seen in patients with recommended dose adjustment.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 56-year-old male patient with chronic kidney disease 5 on dialysis(CKD 5D). The patient presented with a history of fever, chills and rigours during a session of haemodialysis (HD). He was diagnosed with Enterobacter cloacae catheter-related blood stream infection and was started on ertapenem. After 13 days of ertapenem, he experienced an acute confusional state and progressed to having auditory and visual hallucinations. His blood investigations and imaging results revealed no other alternative diagnosis. Hence a diagnosis of ertapenem-induced neurotoxicity was made. He had complete resolution of symptoms after 10 days’ discontinuation of ertapenem.

Conclusion
Our case draws attention to the risk of potentially serious toxicity of the central nervous system in HD patients who receive the current recommended dose of ertapenem. It also highlights that renal dosing in CKD 5D patients’ needs to be clinically studied to ensure antibiotic safety.
The effects of pregnancy discrimination on postpartum depressive symptoms: a follow-up study
Authors: Kachi Yuko , Fujiwara Takeo , Inoue Akiomi , Baba Sachiko , Eguchi Hisashi , Ohta Hiroshi , Tsutsumi Akizumi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy discrimination in the workplace is prevalent worldwide. However, few studies have examined the effects of pregnancy discrimination on mothers’ perinatal mental health. We aimed to investigate the association between pregnancy discrimination and postpartum depressive symptoms, and the mediation effects of prenatal depressive symptoms on this association.

Methods
Our sample consisted of 285 Japanese women employed during pregnancy who completed a baseline online survey in May 2020 and a follow-up mail survey two months postpartum. Pregnancy discrimination was defined as exposure to any of 16 forms of disadvantageous treatment or harassment related to pregnancy, prohibited by national guidelines. Prenatal (assessed at baseline) and postpartum (assessed at follow-up) depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were performed overall and stratified by regular (permanent) and non-regular (precarious) employees.

Results
Overall, 23.9% of participants experienced pregnancy discrimination during pregnancy. After adjusting for potential confounders, pregnancy discrimination was significantly associated with postpartum depressive symptoms (coefficient 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–2.88). When stratified by employment type, these effects were observable among non-regular employees (coefficient 2.51, 95% CI 0.45–4.57) but not regular employees. Mediation analysis showed that prenatal depressive symptoms mediated 57.1% (95% CI 20.1–94.1%) of the association between pregnancy discrimination and postpartum depressive symptoms among all participants, with a greater effect among non-regular employees (64.1% [95% CI 18.5–109.8%]).

Conclusions
Pregnancy discrimination has adverse effects on postpartum depressive symptoms, partially through prenatal depressive symptoms, especially among non-regular employees. To prevent perinatal depression in female workers, employers should comply with legislation and take preventive measures against pregnancy discrimination, while considering vulnerable employees.
Two cases of infantile-onset primary generalized glucocorticoid hypersensitivity and the effect of mifepristone
Authors: Zhao Xiu , Xu Zhongwei , Su Huiping , Zheng Rongfei , Zhan Min , Huang Yuge , Su Zhe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary generalized glucocorticoid hypersensitivity (PGGH) is a very rare disease caused by terminal organ hypersensitivity to glucocorticoids for which the aetiology is unknown. The incidence of PGGH is extremely rare, especially in children. To date, the literatures about the etiology, prognosis and treatment of PGGH are scarce. Aim of the study is describing the cases of two Chinese children with infantile-onset PGGH in one family, one of whom died and one who was treated with mifepristone. They are the two youngest children with PGGH reported in the literature.

Case presentation
Two siblings with infantile-onset PGGH were affected in this family. The main manifestations of patient 1 were typical Cushing’s syndrome-like manifestations, significantly aggravated symptoms after physiological doses of glucocorticoids and very low levels of serum cortisol and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) during attacks. After being diagnosed with PGGH, he was given guidance to avoid glucocorticoids and took mifepristone therapy for 5 months, and his symptoms improved. Patient 2 was the younger brother of patient 1, with similar manifestations to his brother at the age of 4 months. Patient 2 ultimately died at the age of 9 months.

Conclusion
PGGH is a very rare disease that can lead to death if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. This article describes the cases of the two youngest children with PGGH reported in the literature, one of whom improved after mifepristone treatment, and increases the knowledge of the clinical manifestations of and the treatment experience in PGGH.
Registration based assessment of femoral torsion for rotational osteotomies based on the contralateral anatomy
Authors: Hoch Armando , Hasler Julian , Schenk Pascal , Ackermann Jakob , Ebert Lars , Fürnstahl Philipp , Zingg Patrick , Vlachopoulos Lazaros 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Computer-assisted techniques for surgical treatment of femoral deformities have become increasingly important. In state-of-the-art 3D deformity assessments, the contralateral side is used as template for correction as it commonly represents normal anatomy. Contributing to this, an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is used for registration. However, the anatomical sections of the femur with idiosyncratic features, which allow for a consistent deformity assessment with ICP algorithms being unknown. Furthermore, if there is a side-to-side difference, this is not considered in error quantification.
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence and value of the different sections of the femur in 3D assessment of femoral deformities based on the contralateral anatomy.

Material and methods
3D triangular surface models were created from CT of 100 paired femurs (50 cadavers) without pathological anatomy. The femurs were divided into sections of eponymous anatomy of a predefined percentage of the whole femoral length. A surface registration algorithm was applied to superimpose the ipsilateral on the contralateral side. We evaluated 3D femoral contralateral registration (FCR) errors, defined as difference in 3D rotation of the respective femoral section before and after registration to the contralateral side. To compare this method, we quantified the landmark-based femoral torsion (LB FT). This was defined as the intra-individual difference in overall femoral torsion using with a landmark-based method.

Results
Contralateral rotational deviation ranged from 0° to 9.3° of the assessed femoral sections, depending on the section. Among the sections, the FCR error using the proximal diaphyseal area for registration was larger than any other sectional error. A combination of the lesser trochanter and the proximal diaphyseal area showed the smallest error. The LB FT error was significantly larger than any sectional error (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
We demonstrated that if the contralateral femur is used as reconstruction template, the built-in errors with the registration-based approach are smaller than the intraindividual difference of the femoral torsion between both sides. The errors are depending on the section and their idiosyncratic features used for registration. For rotational osteotomies a combination of the lesser trochanter and the proximal diaphyseal area sections seems to allow for a reconstruction with a minimal error.
Fatal overdose from injection of human growth hormone; a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Erfanifar Azam , Mahjani Mahsa , Gohari Sepehr , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Human growth hormone (HGH) is a categorized as a performance-enhancing substance. HGH has been abused by athletes for doping purposes.

Case presentation
We present a first lethal case of HGH acute toxicity. A young-agitated-athlete with a history of somatropin for the past 2-year, who had hallucinations referred to the emergency department reporting to have abused of 300 mg subcutaneous injections of HGH. He was tachycardic with mild hypertension. Lab data revealed hypernatremia (157 mEq/L), hyperkalemia (5.3 mEq/L), high LDH (1448 U/L), and CPK (2620 U/L), in favor of rhabdomyolysis. Routine drug screening tests were negative for all substances. He was intubated due to low O2 saturation and progressive loss of consciousness. After several episodes of hyperthermia, hypertension, and possibly pulmonary embolism, he died subsequent to somatropin overdose.

Conclusions
Complications of HGH misuse can be life-threatening and athletes should be warned of its deleterious effects.
Trend changes and factor analysis of endometrial hyperplasia in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome based on the Korean National Health Insurance Database
Authors: Park Bora , Lee Hakmo , Park Suyeon , Lee Eun Sil , Lee Jeong Jae , Lee Young , Seo Je Hyun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with an increased risk of other gynecological disorders, such as endometrial hyperplasia (EH). However, substantial factors in the comorbidity of EH and PCOS remain to be investigated. We analyzed trend changes in PCOS and factors related to the comorbidity of PCOS and EH using data from the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI) claims database.

Methods
The data for this population-based study of people diagnosed with PCOS or EH in Korea from 2009 to 2016 were collected from the KNHI claims database between 2007 and 2017. We conducted a trend analysis of the prevalence and incidence of PCOS and EH. In addition, we performed a logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors associated with EH incidence in people with PCOS using the matched case-control methodology.

Results
The average annual growth rate of the incidence of PCOS was 14.1% from 2009 to 2016, whereas the EH rate increased by only 3.4% annually. Comorbidities, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and infertility, increased the risk of EH in PCOS patients. Additionally, the cumulative duration of oral contraceptive & progestin treatment for PCOS correlated highly with the comorbidity of EH and PCOS.

Conclusions
We confirmed the relationship between PCOS and EH using big data suitable for time series analyses of the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Endometrial evaluation should be done with more caution if oral contraceptives & progestins have been used for a long time.
Risk factors for natural menopause before the age of 45: evidence from two British population-based birth cohort studies
Authors: Peycheva Darina , Sullivan Alice , Hardy Rebecca , Bryson Alex , Conti Gabriella , Ploubidis George 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Menopause that occurs before the age of 45 and is not medically induced (referred to here as ‘early natural menopause’) affects around one in 10 women and has serious health consequences. These consequences include increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and type 2 diabetes.

Methods
We investigate risk factors for the onset of natural menopause before the age of 45 in two population-based prospective cohort studies in Britain: the 1958 cohort following 8959 women and the 1970 cohort following 8655 women. These studies follow women from birth to adulthood, and we use harmonized data on birth and early life characteristics, reproductive health, health behaviour, and socioeconomic characteristics for 6805 women who were pre-menopausal, peri-menopausal or had undergone natural menopause. Of these 6805 women, 3614 participated in the 1958 cohort (of which 368 had early menopause) and 3191 participated in the 1970 cohort (of which 206 had early menopause). Taking a life course approach, we focus on three distinct life stages - birth/early life, childhood, and early adulthood - to understand when risk factors are most harmful. Respecting the temporal sequence of exposures, we use a series of multivariable logistic regression models to estimate associations between early menopause and each potential risk factor adjusted for confounders.

Results
We find that early menopause is influenced by circumstances at birth. Women born in lower social class families, whose mother smoked during the pregnancy or who were breastfed 1 month or less were more likely to undergo early menopause. Early menopause is also associated with poorer cognitive ability and smoking in childhood. Adult health behaviour also matters. Smoking is positively correlated with early menopause, while regular exercise and moderate frequency of alcohol drinking in women’s early thirties are associated with reduced risk of early menopause. The occurrence of gynaecological problems by women’s early thirties is also linked to early menopause.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that characteristics at different periods of life are associated with early menopause. Some of these associations relate to modifiable behaviours and thus the risks of early menopause and the adverse health outcomes associated with it may be preventable.
The relationship between menopausal syndrome and gut microbes
Authors: Liu Yaqian , Zhou Ying , Mao Ting , Huang Yanmei , Liang Jingtao , Zhu Min , Yao Peixun , Zong Yun , Lang Jianying , Zhang Yingxuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGut microbes were closely related to women’s health. Previous studies reported that the gut microbes of premenopausal women were different from those of postmenopausal women. However, little was known about the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and menopausal syndrome (MPS). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between MPS and gut microbes.MethodsPatients with MPS (P group,n = 77) and healthy women (H group,n = 24) at menopause were recruited in this study. The stool specimen and clinical parameters (demographic data, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), et al) of participants’ were collected. We evaluated the differences in gut microbes by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We used LEfSe to identify gut microbes with varying abundances in different groups. The Spearman correlation coefficients of clinical parameters and gut microbes were calculated. PICRUSt was used to predict the potential KEGG Ortholog functional profiles of microbial communities.ResultsThe abundance of 14 species differed substantially between the MPS and menopausal healthy women (LDA significance threshold > 2.0) according to LEfSe analysis. Using Spearman’s correlation analysis, it was discovered that E2 had a positive correlation with Aggregatibacter segnis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Acinetobacter guillouiae(p< 0.05, these three species were enriched in menopausal healthy women), while FSH and LH had a negative correlation with them (p< 0.05). KEGG level3 metabolic pathways relevant to cardiovascular disease and carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in the MPS (p< 0.05), according to functional prediction by PICRUST and analyzed by Dunn test.ConclusionThere was gut microbiota dysbiosis in MPS, which is reflected in the deficiency of the abundance ofAggregatibacter segnis,Bifidobacterium animalisandAcinetobacter guillouiaerelated to the level of sex hormones. In MPS individuals, species with altered abundances and unique functional pathways were found.
Effects of qigong exercise on the physical and mental health of college students: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Jianping , Gao Yi fang , Guo Yue , Li Ming , Zhu Yuxiang , You Ruoshi , Chen Shaoqing , Wang Shizhong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Physical and mental health problems are becoming more serious among college students due to lifestyle changes and increased academic stress. Qigong exercise has been regarded as a potentially effective intervention to improve the physical and mental health of college students.

Methods
Eleven databases were searched from their respective inception dates to April 2022. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Physical and psychological conditions, including limb muscle strength, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance, vital capacity, blood pressure and heart rate, as well as depression, anxiety and mood, were evaluated. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration tool.

Results
Sixteen randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Significant improvements in cardiorespiratory endurance (MD = 3.83, 95% CI: 0.99 to 6.67, P = 0.008) and flexibility (MD = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.21 to 4.81, P = 0.001) were observed. We also observed that Qigong exercise significantly reduced depression and anxiety symptoms (SMD=-0.89, 95% CI: -1.17 to -0.61, P < 0.00001; SMD=-0.78, 95% CI: -1.31 to -0.25, P = 0.004). Nevertheless, no significant effects on muscle strength, vital capacity, blood pressure, heart rate or mood were found.

Conclusion
Qigong exercise was advantageous for college students in terms of improving flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance and alleviating depression and anxiety to some extent. However, due to the limited number of eligible trials and the low methodological quality, more well-designed RCTs are needed in the future.
Association of maternal levothyroxine use during pregnancy with offspring birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Ge Grace Mengqin , Cheung Edmund C. L. , Man Kenneth K. C. , Ip Patrick , Leung Wing Cheong , Li Gloria H. Y. , Kung Annie W. C. , Cheung Ching-Lung , Wong Ian C. K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The influence of maternal levothyroxine treatment during pregnancy remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of maternal levothyroxine treatment during pregnancy with the birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring.

Methods
This population-based cohort study was conducted among pregnant women using the Hong Kong Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System. Mother-child pairs in Hong Kong from 2001 to 2015 were included and children were followed up till 2020. We defined the exposure group as mothers who were exposed to levothyroxine during pregnancy. Preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) were included as birth outcomes. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were included as neurodevelopmental outcomes. Odds ratios (OR) or hazard ratios (HRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were evaluated to assess the association of gestational levothyroxine use with offspring birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes respectively, using propensity score fine-stratification weighting and a Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results
Among 422,156 mother-child pairs, 2125 children were born from mothers exposed to levothyroxine during pregnancy. A significantly increased risk of preterm birth was observed in children with maternal levothyroxine exposure during pregnancy, when compared to mothers who had no history of thyroid-related diagnoses or prescriptions (weighted OR [wOR]: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.39). Similarly, an increased risk of preterm birth was found among children of gestational levothyroxine users, when compared to children of mothers who had used levothyroxine before but stopped during pregnancy (wOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.25). Sensitivity analysis, by excluding mothers exposed to psychotropic or antiepileptic medications before or during pregnancy, also indicated a similar increased risk of preterm birth regarding the gestational use of levothyroxine (wOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.45). No significant association was observed for the risk of SGA, ADHD, and ASD.

Conclusions
There is no evidence that gestational use of levothyroxine is associated with SGA, ADHD, or ASD in offspring. Gestational levothyroxine treatment is associated with a higher risk of preterm birth. Such risk might be confounded by the underlying maternal thyroid disease itself, however, we cannot completely exclude the possible effect of gestational L-T4 treatment on offspring preterm birth. Our findings provided support to the current guidelines on the cautious use of levothyroxine treatment during pregnancy.