bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate Resistance in Petunia1
Authors: De Vos N. E. , Hill R. R. , Hepler R. W. , Pell E. J. , Craig R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) resistance in Petunia hybrida Vilm. was studied using the inbred parents of ‘White Cascade’, a susceptible F1 hybrid, and ‘Coral Magic’, a resistant hybrid. In each of 6 experiments, 4-week-old plants of the parents, their reciprocal F1 hybrids, the F2 generation, and reciprocal backcross generations were simultaneously tested for PAN resistance. Plants were exposed to 742 μg/m3 (0.15 ppm) PAN for 1.5 hours in a controlled environment chamber. The percent area of bifacial necrosis was determined for each leaf on a plant and an average was calculated to yield an injury rating. Significant genetic variation was detected in each experiment, but the best fitting genetic model varied among experiments, indicating large genotype by environment interaction. In the experiment with the most severe PAN injury, genes for susceptibility exhibited almost complete dominance to those for resistance and epistatic effects were not significant. In other experiments with lower levels of PAN injury, resistance was partially dominant to susceptibility and one or more epistatic parameters were significant.
Characteristics of Progeny from an Interspecific Cross of Cucumis melo with C. metuliferus1
Authors: Norton Joseph D. , Granberry D. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plant and fruit characteristics of the parents and progeny from the interspecific cross Cucumis melo L. (PI 140471) × C. metuliferus E. Mey. (PI 292190) are described. An electron microscope scan (EMS) indicated that F1 seed exhibited both the netting from C. metuliferus and the ridging from C. melo but pollen from both parents and the F1 appeared to be identical. The F1 plants had lobed leaves as in the staminate parent (C. metuliferus). Trichomes of the F1 were intermediate. The F1 consisted of light green fruit with raised dark green areas and dark green fruit. Thirteen plants with spiney fruit were found in the F2. Ribbing and netting of fruit and andromonoecious flower types occurred in F2 progeny but did not occur in either parent. Weight, flesh and rind thickness, length, and diameter of F1 and F2 fruit greatly exceeded those of either PI 140471 or C. metuliferus. Attempts to duplicate the original cross were unsuccessful due to embryo abortion except for one plant grown by embryo culture. Backcrosses of the F1 to C. metuliferus were unsuccessful in the greenhouse and field due to embryo abortion except for 1 plant produced by embryo culture.
Salinity Effects on Yield and Fruit Quality of ‘Valencia’ Orange1
Authors: Francois L. E. , Clark R. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Salinity effects on yield and fruit quality of ‘Valencia’ orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) were determined in sand cultures artificially salinized with irrigation water applied twice daily. Yield reduction with increasing salinity during the 10-year study was attributed to a reduction in fruit number, not size. Salinity decreased rind thickness and delayed maturation but did not influence other fruit quality measures.
Variability in Physico-chemical Properties and Nutritional Components of Tropical and Domestic Dry Bean Germplasm1
Authors: Hosfield G. L. , Uebersax M. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Food-quality comparisons between tropically adapted genotypes of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and accessions from domestic breeding agencies showed there is sufficient variability in important nutritional and canning traits among tropical beans to justify their use in temperate-climate breeding programs. Specifically, tropical bean germplasm may be of use to transfer stress tolerance and lodging resistance to commercially acceptable genotypes while the breeder is simultaneously breeding to maintain or improve nutritional composition and canning quality. Seed of 35 bean accessions representing plant introductions, breeding lines, and cultivars were screened for proximate chemical composition, yield, and several horticultural characters. Seventeen of these accessions, including several commercial dry bean cultivars, were selected for canning evaluations. Beans were adjusted to 16% moisture before soaking and processing. Soaked and processed beans were evaluated for water uptake, texture (with a Kramer Shear Press), and general canning quality. Protein content was highest in domestically adapted beans (31%) and lowest in the nonblack tropical array of genotypes (22%). Tropical beans showed a greater tendency to clump in the can after cooking. This indicates excessive breakdown of tropical beans during thermal processing. Nonsignificant correlation coefficients indicated that textural differences and soaking properties of the beans were not associated; however, textural differences were correlated with the final moisture percentage in processed tropically adapted beans. Several tropical genotypes were much firmer or much softer after cooking than ‘Sanilac’, which is considered the industry standard for making canning comparisons. Further evaluation of texture by examining Kramer Shear Press tracings showed that textural differences among genotypes could be broken down into a configuration showing a large shear force component, and a curve characterized by mostly compression. The curve types appeared to be a characteristic of the genotype rather than of seed-coat color, size of bean, or final moisture percentage.
In Vitro Culture of Sour Cherry Fruits1
Authors: Wittenbach Vernon A. , Bukovac Martin J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L. cv. Montmorency) fruit were collected from the orchard at various stages of development and cultured in vitro on a minimal medium. Fruits transferred to culture during Stage II ceased to develop and ripen. Fruits transferred during early Stage III increased in fresh weight and ripened as indexed by pigment formation and softening. However, the growth rate and final size were less than fruits developing on trees. Benomyl (100 mg liter-1) incorporated in the medium reduced contamination without affecting fruit growth.
Cryopreservation of Strawberry Meristems and Mass Propagation of Plantlets1
Authors: Kartha K. K. , Leung N. L. , Pahl K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Meristems isolated from strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch. cv. Redcoat) runner-tips were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylamino purine (BA), indolebutyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) at concentrations of 1, 1 and 0.1 μm, respectively. The meristems regenerated shoots within 3 to 4 weeks when incubated at 26°, 16 hour photoperiods and 4000 lux intensity. On medium supplemented with BA at a concentration of 10 μm these shoots proliferated into “clumps,” each consisting of 150 to 200 shoots. Meristems isolated from these in vitro shoots were precultured on medium supplemented with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or glycerol as cryoprotectants, frozen either slowly at cooling velocities of 0.5° to 1.0°C/minute to −40° or rapidly and stored in liquid nitrogen (−196°). Maximum viability and plant regeneration (95%) was obtained when the meristems were precultured on medium supplemented with 5% DMSO, and then frozen at a cooling velocity of 0.84°/min. A viability of 35% was observed when meristems precultured on 5% glycerol-supplemented medium for 3 days were frozen at a cooling velocity of 0.94°/min. Rapid freezing and rapid dry freezing using either DMSO or glycerol resulted in reduced viability. A viability and plant regeneration frequency of 95% was obtained after the meristems were in storage for one week in liquid nitrogen. From samples assayed after 8 weeks of storage in liquid nitrogen, more than 55% of the meristems regenerated into plantlets.
Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization Effects on Fruiting and Petiole Composition of 24- to 48-month Old Papaya Plants1
Authors: Awada M. , Long C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bearing Solo papaya plants (Carica papaya L.) 24- to 48-months old grown on aa lava soil were treated with N and K fertilizers in factorial combinations. An increase in N or K fertilization increased the total number and total weight of marketable fruit and the weight of each marketable fruit. N fertilization increased petiole concentrations of N, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn, and decreased those of P and B. K fertilization increased petiole concentrations of K and Mn, and decreased those of N, P, Ca, Mg, Na, and B. The maximum yield of marketable fruit was associated with petiole concentrations of 1.44% N and 2.52% K.
Potassium Fertilization of Prune Trees under Drip Irrigation1
Authors: Uriu K. , Carlson R. M. , Henderson D. W. , Schulbach H. , Aldrich T. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fertilization with K2SO4 resulted in good uptake of K by trees of French prune (Prunus domestica L. cv. Agen) whether K was applied in drip water or dry K2SO4 was placed on the soil under the emitter and then drip irrigated. These methods were much more effective than applying K2SO4 in trenches alongside the trees and then sprinkler-irrigating. K fertilization with a drip system resulted in K movement to depths of 60 to 75 cm, where the soil is wet from drip irrigation and roots are abundant, enhancing K uptake.
Effect of Hydrogel on Wilting and Moisture Stress of Bedding Plants1
Authors: Gehring J. M. , Lewis A. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hydrogel incorporated in the growing media of 2 bedding plants, marigold ‘Dolly’ (Tagetes erecta L.) and zinnia ‘Pink Buttons’ (Zinnia elegans Jacq.) grown in 3 different size containers generally increased hours to wilting (HTW) sequentially in both species and with increasing rates of hydrogel over the range tested (4 to 16 kg/m3). HTW of marigold and zinnia grown in 5.1 cm3 containers in hydrogel amended media at 16 kg/m3 increased 45 and 37%, respectively. High rates of hydrogel incorporation were as effective in increasing HTW in small containers as was doubling container size. Pressure bomb studies with plants grown under stress in hydrogel-amended media confirmed the reduction in internal moisture tension.
Persistent White Curd and Other Curd Characters of Cauliflower1
Authors: Dickson M. H. , Lee C. Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cauliflower PI 183214 (Brassica oleracea L. (Botrytis group) produced a persistent pure white curd even when fully exposed to the sun. The inheritance of white curd is controlled by 2-3 genes with a narrow sense heritability of 33-38%. Visual color selection was correlated (r=.79) with Hunter Colorimeter readings. PI 183214 has a light weight curd which is not linked to persistent white color. PI 183214 is also free of riciness, leaf-in-curd, and bracting which are closely linked to the standard non-persistent white curd.
Effect of Temperature on Acetylene-reducing Activity Associated with Root Nodules on Woody Trees and Shrubs1
Authors: McNiel R. E. , Carpenter P. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
C2H2-reduction activity of excised root nodules of 9 woody species was studied to determine the N2- fixation capabilities at various temperatures. Nodules of nonlegumes [Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., A. rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng., Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult., Elaeagnus angustifolia L., E. commutata Bernh., E. umbellata Thunb., and Shepherdia argentea Nutt.] had maximum C2H2-reduction rates near 30°C. Nodules of the nonlegume Hippophae rhamnoides L. and the legume Robinia pseudoacacia L. showed maximum activity at 20° and showed no significant change at 30°. The C2H2reduction activity of all species except E. angustifolia declined at 40°. High temperature injury (40°) was irreversible. Activity was very slight at temperatures near 0°. Arrhenius plots of the data indicate the reduction rate is biphasic with the change in activation energy occurring from 11° to 20° depending on species.
Abscisic Acid in Pistachio as Related to Inflorescence Bud Abscission1
Authors: Takeda Fumiomi , Crane Julian C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Neither abscisic acid (ABA) levels in developing kernels nor in the developing inflorescence buds themselves were found to be related to abscission of inflorescence buds and consequent alternate bearing in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.).
Effects of Tillage Methods on Soil Nutrient Distribution, Plant Nutrient Absorption, Stand, and Yields of Snap Beans and Lima Beans1
Authors: Mullins C. A. , Tompkins F. D. , Parks W. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A 3 year (1976-1978) tillage study was conducted with snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and lima beans (P. lunatus L.). Treatments included 2 no-till systems where furrows were opened with a fluted coulter or a vibratory unit, 2 reduced tillage methods with seedbeds prepared with a disk or a powered harrow, and conventional tillage. Tillage method did not affect soil pH at sampled depths. Soil P levels were higher at the 10−15 cm depth with conventional compared to tillage with vibratory unit. Soil K levels were higher at the 5−10 and 10−15 cm depths with conventional tillage. Tillage method did not affect petiole N, K, and Ca concentrations. Petiole P concentrations were lowest with conventional tillage. Petiole Mg concentrations were lowest with the no-till treatments using fluted coulter for snap beans and the vibratory unit for lima beans. Snap bean stand was highest with no-till using the vibratory unit. Tillage method did not affect mean snap bean yield or lima bean stand. Mean lima bean yield was highest with conventional tillage.
Foliar Response and Growth of Apple Trees following Exposure to Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide1
Authors: Shertz Robert D. , Render W. J. , Musselman R. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three cultivars of greenhouse-grown apple trees (Malus domestica, Borkh.) were fumigated for single, 4-hour exposures with ozone (O3) and/or sulfur dioxide (SO2) at 0.40 and 0.80 ppm. Fumigations were performed in a plexiglass chamber situated within a controlled environment walk-in growth chamber. All 3 cultivars responded to treatments in a similar manner. When applied separately both gases induced characteristic foliar injury. In general, apple trees were more sensitive to 0.40 ppm O3 than to 0.40 ppm SO2; but they responded similarly to 0.80 ppm O3 or SO2. Foliar injury, leaf abscission, and shoot growth reduction were greatest when 0.80 ppm O3 and 0.80 ppm SO2 were combined. The data showed a less-than additive response when the 2 pollutants were combined; a response due, in part, to the high amount of injury induced by single pollutants at these concentrations. All O3 and/or SO2 fumigations resulted in stomatal closure.
Regulation of Fruit Set in Cucumis sativus by Auxin and an Auxin Transport Inhibitor1
Authors: Watkins J. T. , Cantliffe D. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The involvement of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic auxin, and methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxy-fluorene-9-carboxylate (chlorflurenol), an auxin transport inhibitor, in fruit set in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was investigated. In the greenhouse, exogenously applied NAA and chlorflurenol enhanced fruit set depending on the position of application. In the growth chamber, when NAA was applied directly on the stigma, a small quantity moved into the ovary after 24 hours. However, when auxin was applied on the ovary, significant quantities of 14C NAA were detected in the ovary and other plant pieces. When NAA was placed on the peduncle, more accumulated in peduncle and stem sections than when NAA was placed on the stigma or ovary. Chlorflurenol applications to the peduncle inhibited movement of NAA out of the ovary and resulted in accumulation of auxin in that tissue. NAA movement in the intact plant was similar to that of excised sections: chlorflurenol applied to the peduncle reduced NAA movement out of the ovary. Thus, the regulation of fruit set by chlorflurenol may be through the restriction of auxin movement from the ovary. The increased auxin accumulation in the ovary may trigger fruit set and subsequent growth.
Graphic Display of Quantitative and Qualitative Character Associations in Cut Roses1
Authors: McLean I. B. , Rasmussen H. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Difficulty is frequently experienced in displaying associations of quantitative characters such as flower weight and vaselife with qualitative characters such as flower shape, petal attitude, color, and leaf damage in cut roses (Rosa hybrida L.) A scatter diagram technique which accommodates 2 quantitative and up to 12 qualitative characters applied to experiments on rose cultivars and floral preservatives revealed qualitative associations with increased vaselife and flower fresh weight in response to the use of various preservative solutions.
In Vitro Culture of Embryos and Ovules of Certain Incompatible Selfs and Crosses among Impatiens Species1
Authors: Arisumi Torn 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seedlings were obtained from incompatible crosses and seifs of certain African and Indian Impatiens by culturing excised embryos and ovules in vitro after fertilization in vivo. Selfed seedlings of I. campanulata Wight, I. epiphytica G. M. Schulze, I. hookeriana Am., and I. pseudoviola Gilg. were obtained by embryo and ovule cultures. Hybrid seedlings of I. hookeriana × I. campanulata were derived from embryo culture. Few to several hybrid seedlings each of I. flaccida alba Arn. × I. repens Moon, I. uguenensis Warb. × I. epiphytica, and I. uguenensis × I. flaccida alba were developed from cultures of 5- to 16-day-old ovules. Some ovules from 11 out of 57 incompatible crosses cultured in vitro grew and germinated. Except for I. hookeriana selfed progenies resembled their parents in gross morphology and breeding behavior. I. hookeriana selfed seedlings had smaller flowers and less pollen than their parents. Most hybrids exhibited blended parental characteristics, and all were sterile. Four interspecific hybrid progeneis are reported for the first time.
The Effect of Source and Rate of Potassium on the Performance of ‘Concord’ Grape Vines Grown on Clay Loam Soils1
Authors: Cline R. A. , Bradt O. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The responses of ‘Concord’ grape vines (Vitis labrusca L.) to 3 potassium fertilizer sources (KCl, K2SO4, and KNO3) used at 2 rates were compared. Fertilizers were applied for 10 years to vines on a poorly drained Jeddo clay loam soil. Performance on a moderately well-drained Oneida clay loam as influenced by KCl and K2SO4 levels was also studied. There was no reduction in yield, fruit quality, or vine vigor with high rates of KCl. KCl and K2SO4 were equally effective in increasing petiole K but the response was slow under Jeddo clay loam conditions. Yield, vigor, and petiole K levels were less with vines receiving KNO3 than with those receiving other sources of K, or with the non-treated control vines. KNO3 was undesirable as a source of K. Petiole K was higher in grape vines growing on Onedia clay loam than on Jeddo clay loam; in addition, they responded more quickly to applied K irrespective of source. There was an indication of a yield response one year to high levels of KCl but no such response occurred with K2SO4. No toxic response to high rates of KCl was detected at either location.
Conserving Water in Sprinkling for Frost Protection by Intermittent Application1
Authors: Perry Katharine B. , Martsolf J. David , Morrow C. Terry 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Adjustment of the sprinkling application rate to existing atmospheric conditions to conserve water may be accomplished by turning systems on and off. The maximum off period that is tolerable is calculated. It is the sum of time required to freeze the applied water plus time during which the ice coated plant parts cool to the critical temperature. Values of the off period for typical frost conditions are proportional to wind speed and wet bulb temperature. Field test results indicate intermittent sprinkling provides a method to reduce water consumption in sprinkling for frost protection.
Inheritance of Root-knot Resistance in the Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)1
Authors: Fery R. L. , Dukes P. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of resistance in cowpea to root knot incited by the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, M. javanica (Treub.) Chitwood, and M. hapla Chitwood was determined in 3 separate greenhouse experiments. Each seed was inoculated at planting with about 2,000 eggs of the appropriate Meloidogyne species. In Experiment I, plants of parental, F1, F2, and F1 × P1 and F1 × P2 backcross generations of a cross between the resistant cultivar ‘Mississippi Silver’ and the susceptible breeding line CR 18-13-1 were tested for reaction to M. incognita. In Experiment II, plants of parental, some F1, and all F2 generations of a series of crosses involving CR 18-13-1 and the resistant lines ‘Colossus’, ‘Mississippi Silver’, ‘Iron’, and PI 353383 were evaluated for resistance to M. incognita. In Experiment III, plants of parental, F1, and 30 randomly chosen F3 lines of the ‘Mississippi Silver’ × CR 18-13-1 cross were evaluated in separate tests for reaction to M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. hapla. A single dominant gene determined resistance to M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. hapla; the same gene governed resistance in ‘Colossus’, ‘Mississippi Silver’, ‘Iron’, and PI 353383. The gene conditioned a high level of resistance, but it did not confer immunity. Roots of many resistant plants exhibited limited galling and supported some egg production by the parasites. We propose that this gene be designated Root-knot resistance and symbolized Rk.
The Influence of Tree Population and Summer Pruning on Productivity, Growth, and Quality of Peaches1
Authors: Leuty S. J. , Pree D. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three cultivars of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were grown for 9 years at 3 different densities under 3 training systems. Those spaced at 1157 and 868 trees/ha were mechanically summer pruned annually to predetermined forms; trees spaced at 397 trees/ha were pruned conventionally. While yields during the first few years reflected tree density, the cumulative yield gap among treatments narrowed annually beginning in the 6th growing season. The usually lower production from mature trees spaced at 1157 and 868 trees/ha was attributed in part to non-selective, summer hedging. The effectiveness of various pest control chemicals did not differ among treatments.
Effect of Daminozide and Ethephon on Transplant Quality, Plant Growth and Development, and Yield of Processing Tomatoes1
Authors: Taha A. A. , Kretchman D. W. , Jaworski C. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Treatment of tomato transplants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 100 to 500 ppm when flower buds were visible but not open resulted in flower abscission of the first fruiting cluster, adventitious root formation on the plant stem, increased dry-matter content and more rapid plant recovery following transplanting than untreated and/or clipped plants. Fruit maturity was earlier and more uniform on treated than untreated plants. Treatment of transplants with ethephon at 0.28 kg per ha, combined with a fruit-ripening ethephon treatment at 0.9 kg per ha, increased ripe-fruit yield from a once-over harvest compared with untreated or either treatment alone. Flower abscission on transplants was erratic from treatment with 2,500 or 5,000 ppm of butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide), dry matter was increased, no adventitious roots developed, and transplant recovery was similar to that observed with untreated and/or clipped plants. Daminozide treatment had no influence on fruit maturity and yield.