bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do revisitation studies overestimate local extinction?
Authors: Holderegger Rolf , Spillmann John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRevisitation studies use historical information from literature or museum collections to assess rates of local extinction. However, revisitation studies suffer from the bias that they can only detect decline or stasis relative to the number of historical sites, as newly colonized sites are not detected. This drawback can be avoided with complete resurveys of study areas. We used 100‐year‐old historical information on 99 mountain plants from a 174 km2 area in Switzerland and performed a revisitation study and a complete resurvey. The resurvey was used to determine the magnitude of the bias of revisitation. In the revisitation study, we found an average loss of historical sites of plant species of 51.1% (SE = 3.4%). When sites newly observed in the resurvey were also considered and assumed to represent new colonizations, the average loss in sites declined to 26.8% (SE = 5.7%). However, if newly observed sites were treated as historically overlooked sites the loss of sites was only 45.7% (SE = 3.4%). Our results thus show that revisitation studies can overestimate local extinction, but that the corresponding bias depends on whether newly observed sites are considered as historically overlooked sites or as new colonizations.
The experiences and support needs of students with diabetes at university: An integrative literature review
Authors: Hagger Virginia , J. Lake Amelia , Singh Tarveen , Hamblin Peter S. , Rasmussen Bodil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsCommencing university presents particular challenges for young adults with diabetes. This integrative literature review aimed to synthesise the research exploring the experiences and support needs of university students with diabetes.MethodsMedline, CINAHL, PsychInfo and EMBASE databases were searched for quantitative and qualitative studies, among undergraduate and postgraduate students with type 1 or type 2 diabetes conducted in the university setting. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full‐text articles. Data were analysed thematically and synthesised narratively utilising the ecological model as a framework for interpreting findings and making recommendations.ResultsWe identified 25 eligible papers (20 studies) utilising various methods: individual interview, focus group, survey, online forum. Four themes were identified: barriers to self‐care (e.g. lack of structure and routine); living with diabetes as a student; identity, stigma and disclosure; and strategies for managing diabetes at university. Students in the early years at university, recently diagnosed or moved away from home, reported more self‐care difficulties, yet few accessed university support services. Risky alcohol‐related behaviours, perceived stigma and reluctance to disclose diabetes inhibited optimal diabetes management.ConclusionDespite the heterogeneity of studies, consistent themes related to diabetes self‐care difficulties and risky behaviours were reported by young adults with diabetes transitioning to university life. No effective interventions to support students with diabetes were identified in this setting. Multilevel approaches to support students to balance the competing demands of study and diabetes self‐care are needed, particularly in the early years of university life.
Is indigenous knowledge serving climate adaptation? Evidence from various African regions
Authors: Filho Walter Leal , Wolf Franziska , Totin Edmond , Zvobgo Luckson , Simpson Nicholas Philip , Musiyiwa Kumbirai , Kalangu Jokastah W. , Sanni Maruf , Adelekan Ibidun , Efitre Jackson , Donkor Felix Kwabena , Balogun Abdul‐Lateef , Mucova Serafino Afonso Rui , Ayal Desalegn Yayeh 
Published: August 2022

SummaryMotivationCommunities across the global south use their rich indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) to predict weather events and climate hazards. ILK may assist efforts to address climate change challenges in Africa and make subsequent decisions regarding climate adaptation.PurposeThe article documents evidence of the ILK's potential in reducing vulnerability to climate change and/or improving the resilience of communities. The study also reflects on major barriers that hinder the improved mainstreaming of ILK into adaptation strategies.Methods and approachThe present study uses two main methods: a literature review and a presentation of case studies from a sample of African countries where ILK informs adaptation options, including indigenous land‐tenure practices and weather prediction. The selected case studies highlight the historical legacy of ILK and its effectiveness in reducing vulnerability and the impacts of climate change.FindingsThe results indicate that, despite being acknowledged as a valuable resource for climate adaptation, current national adaptation policies on the African continent still show serious gaps in effectively integrating ILK systems within the legal frameworks to reduce vulnerability.Policy implicationsILK should be better integrated with modern climate change adaptation strategies to anticipate more effective responses. Both rural communities and relevant government agencies should complement the use of ILK with climate change strategies, so as to maximize its contribution to the effective implementation of climate change policies.
Consequences: Bench to home
Authors: Kapur Jaideep , Long Lucretia , Dixon‐Salazar Tracy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeizure clusters (also referred to as acute repetitive seizures) consist of several seizures interspersed with brief interictal periods. Seizure clusters can break down γ‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) inhibition of dentate granule cells, leading to hyperactivation. Functional changes to GABAA receptors, which play a vital neuroinhibitory role, can include altered GABAA receptor subunit trafficking and cellular localization, intracellular chloride accumulation, and dysregulation of proteins critical to chloride homeostasis. A reduction in neuroinhibition and potentiation of excitatory neurotransmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons represent pathological mechanisms that underlie seizure clusters. Benzodiazepines are well‐established treatments for seizure clusters; however, there remain barriers to appropriate care. At the clinical level, there is variability in seizure cluster definitions, such as the number and/or type of seizures associated with a cluster as well as the interictal duration between seizures. This can lead to delays in diagnosis and timely treatment. There are gaps in understanding between clinicians, their patients, and caregivers regarding acute treatment for seizure clusters, such as the use of rescue medications and emergency services. This lack of consensus to define seizure clusters in addition to a lack of education for appropriate treatment can affect quality of life for patients and place a greater burden on patient families and caregivers. For patients with seizure clusters, the sense of unpredictability can lead to continuous traumatic stress, during which patients and families live with a heightened level of anxiety. Clinicians can affect patient quality of life and clinical outcomes through improved seizure cluster education and treatment, such as the development and implementation of a personalized seizure action plan as well as prescriptions for suitable rescue medications indicated for seizure clusters and instructions for their proper use. In all, the combination of targeted therapy along with patient education and support can improve quality of life.
Care‐resistant behaviour during oral examination in Dutch nursing home residents with dementia
Authors: Willems Malou S. , Hollaar Vanessa R. Y. , van der Maarel‐Wierink Claar D. , van der Putten Gert‐Jan , Satink Ton 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the occurrence and associations of verbal and non‐verbal care‐resistant behaviour (CRB) during oral examination by a dental hygienist in nursing home residents with dementia.BackgroundCRB is a barrier to providing professional oral care and daily oral hygiene care. Understanding the predictors of CRB might help care professionals in learning to anticipate this behaviour.MethodsIn this multicentre cross‐sectional study signs of verbal and non‐verbal CRB were reported during the oral examination. Data collection occurred in the psychogeriatrics wards of 14 different nursing homes in the Netherlands (N = 367).ResultsA total of 367 residents were included. CRB was evident in 82 residents (22.3%), of whom 45 (55%) showed verbal and 37 (45%) non‐verbal CRB. Associated with CRB were age >85 years, duration of residential stay longer than 2 years, and having Korsakov dementia. Other factors associated with CRB were duration of residential stay (categories “>2 and ≤4 years” or “>4 years”) and having a natural dentition (P = .043‐.005, OR = 1.20‐1.33, 95% CI = 1.00‐8.48). Significant associations for verbal and non‐verbal CRB were age between 76 and 85 years, vascular dementia and Korsakov dementia (P = .031‐.006, OR = .020‐1.49, 95% CI = 0.43‐2.15).ConclusionThe occurrence of CRB was 22.3% and was associated with older age and longer duration of residential stay, Vascular and Korsakov dementia and natural dentition.
‘RECLUSION IS NO MORE POSSIBLE WHILE OUR WORLD STANDS IN FLAMES’: EMERGING POLITICAL SUBTEXTS IN THE GENESIS OF STEFAN ZWEIG'S UNGEDULD DES HERZENS
Authors: Resch Stephan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUngeduld des Herzens (1939) is the only novel published during Stefan Zweig's lifetime. Written between 1936 and 1938, the book's genesis coincided with key events in Austrian and European history, including the mass displacement of Jews from Germany and the ‘Anschluss’ of Austria with Nazi‐Germany. A closer inspection of the changes from the first to the tenth and final manuscript version of the novel indicates that Zweig started out with the intention to write a psychological novella about a tragic love story. As work on the text progressed, however, Zweig added characters and plot elements which appear to comment on the political developments of the time. In this article, I will argue that the revisions Zweig made while he was re‐writing the novel add an important political subtext that aligns with the ethical objectives of his later exile works.
Mitochondrial fission in hepatocytes as a potential therapeutic target for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Miyao Masashi , Kawai Chihiro , Kotani Hirokazu , Minami Hirozo , Abiru Hitoshi , Hamayasu Hideki , Eguchi Satoru , Tamaki Keiji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe mitochondria are highly plastic and dynamic organelles; mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to play causative roles in diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the relationship between mitochondrial fission and NAFLD pathogenesis remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether alterations in mitochondrial fission could play a role in the progression of NAFLD.MethodsMice were fed a standard diet or choline‐deficient, L‐amino acid‐defined (CDAA) diet with vehicle or mitochondrial division inhibitor‐1.ResultsSubstantial enhancement of mitochondrial fission in hepatocytes was triggered by 4 weeks of feeding and was associated with changes reflecting the early stage of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), steatotic change with liver inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning. Excessive mitochondrial fission inhibition in hepatocytes and lipid metabolism dysregulation in adipose tissue attenuated liver inflammation and fibrogenesis but not steatosis and the systemic pathological changes in the early and chronic fibrotic NASH stages (4‐ and 12‐week CDAA feeding). These beneficial changes due to the suppression of mitochondrial fission against the liver and systemic injuries were associated with decreased autophagic responses and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocytes. Injuries to other liver cells, such as endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells, were also attenuated by the inhibition of mitochondrial fission in hepatocytes.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings suggest that excessive mitochondrial fission in hepatocytes could play a causative role in NAFLD progression by liver inflammation and fibrogenesis through altered cell cross‐talk. This study provides a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
The first Australian experience with ward‐based continuous positive airway pressure for COVID‐19 respiratory failure: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gerhardy Benjamin , Comsa Monica , Tahir Ali , Lynch Dalton , Polkinghorne Adam , Orde Sam , Branley James , Morgan Lucy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present the first Australian cohort of patients with COVID‐19 respiratory failure managed with escalating respiratory support including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on a standard medical ward at a tertiary Sydney hospital during the 2021 COVID‐19 Delta variant outbreak. We demonstrate an equivalent mortality to CPAP delivered in intensive care unit and outline our ward structure and management during the pandemic.
Inconsistent discharge diagnoses for young cardiac arrest episodes: insights from a statewide registry
Authors: Paratz Elizabeth D. , van Heusden Alexander , Ball Jocasta , Smith Karen , Zentner Dominica , Morgan Natalie , Parsons Sarah , Thompson Tina , James Paul , Connell Vanessa , Pflaumer Andreas , Semsarian Christopher , Ingles Jodie , Stub Dion , La Gerche Andre 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdministrative coding of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is heterogeneous, with the prevalence of noninformative diagnoses uncertain.AimTo characterize the prevalence and type of non‐informative diagnoses in a young cardiac arrest population.MethodsHospital discharge diagnoses provided to a statewide OHCA registry were characterised as either ‘informative’ or ‘noninformative.’ Informative diagnoses stated an OHCA had occurred or defined OHCA as occurring due to coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, channelopathy, definite noncardiac cause, or no known cause. Noninformative diagnoses were blank, stated presenting cardiac rhythm only, provided irrelevant information or presented a complication of the OHCA as the main diagnosis. Characteristics of patients receiving informative versus noninformative diagnoses were compared.ResultsOf 1479 patients with OHCA aged 1 to 50 years, 290 patients were admitted to 15 hospitals. Ninety diagnoses (31.0%) were noninformative (arrest rhythm = 50, blank = 21, complication = 10 and irrelevant = 9). Two hundred diagnoses (69.0%) were informative (cardiac arrest = 84, coronary artery disease = 54, noncardiac diagnosis = 48, cardiomyopathy = 8, arrhythmia disorder = 4 and unascertained = 2). Only 10 diagnoses (3.5%) included both OHCA and an underlying cause. Patients receiving a noninformative diagnosis were more likely to have survived OHCA or been referred for forensic assessment (P = 0.011) and had longer median length of stay (9 vs 5 days, P = 0.0019).ConclusionAlmost one third of diagnoses for young patients discharged after an OHCA included neither OHCA nor any underlying cause. Underestimating the burden of OHCA impacts ongoing patient and at‐risk family care, data sampling strategies, international statistics and research funding.
Stock market integration in Africa: Further evidence from an information‐theoretic framework
Authors: Nyakurukwa Kingstone , Seetharam Yudhvir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study revisits stock market integration in Africa using an information‐theoretic framework that quantifies the flow of information between exchanges. We use daily return data for seven MSCI‐classified African stock exchanges between 2011 and 2021. As Bitcoin has become an important asset class on the African continent, we also explore whether this cryptocurrency confers any diversification benefits. Our method holds that stock markets are integrated if there is a significant flow of information between exchanges. The results reveal a statistically insignificant flow of information among African stock exchanges, and for the few cases in which information flow is statistically significant, the magnitudes are low. South Africa is the most influential stock market, as it transmits most of the total transfer entropy (informational value) in the system. We also observe that African stock exchanges are weakly integrated with Bitcoin.
Characteristics associated with frequent health system use by Australian adults with intellectual disability: A cohort study
Authors: Song Menghuan , Ware Robert S. , Doan Tan N. , Harley David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn a cohort of adults with intellectual disability who were followed for up to 16‐years, we investigated characteristics associated with frequent emergency department (ED) presentations, hospitalisation, and psychiatric care.MethodCommunity‐dwelling adults with intellectual disability residing in Queensland, Australia, were followed from 1999 to 2015. Healthcare presentations were extracted from administrative databases. Adults who presented frequently were identified and characteristics associated with frequent presentations were identified.ResultsData from 445 adults were analysed. Chronic disease and challenging behaviour were associated with frequent ED presentations (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.1–3.0 and aOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2–3.9 respectively). Chronic disease and severe/profound intellectual disability were associated with frequent hospitalisations (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2–3.2 and aOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2–3.3 respectively). Psychotropic medication use was associated with frequent psychiatric presentations (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0–3.4).ConclusionsAdults at high risk of frequent healthcare presentations should be identified for programmes of optimising health system use, and potentially improving health care quality.
SERPINA5 promotes tumour cell proliferation by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in gastric cancer
Authors: Fan Meiyang , Xiong Xiaofan , Han Lin , Zhang Lingyu , Gao Shanfeng , Liu Liying , Wang Xiaofei , Huang Chen , Tong Dongdong , Yang Juan , Zhao Lingyu , Shao Yuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSERPINA5 belongs to the serine protease inhibitor superfamily and has been reported to be lowly expressed in a variety of malignancies. However, few report of SERPINA5 in gastric cancer has been found. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of SERPINA5 in GC and to investigate potential tumorigenic mechanisms. We performed qPCR to determine the level of SERPINA5 expression in GC. We used public databases to evaluate whether SERPINA5 could be utilized to predict overall survival and disease‐free survival in GC patients. We also knocked down the expression of SERPINA5 and evaluated its effect on cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, we explored the signal pathways and regulatory mechanisms related to SERPINA5 functions. According to our findings, SERPINA5 was shown to exhibit high expression in GC. Notably, SERPINA5 was prognostic in GC with high expression being unfavourable. SERPINA5 was further observed to promote GC tumorigenesis by modulating GC cell proliferation ability. Mechanically, SERPINA5 could inhibit CBL to regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, thereby promoting GC carcinogenesis progression. These results highlight the important role of SERPINA5 in GC cell proliferation and suggest that SERPINA5 could be a novel target for GC treatment and a predictor for GC prognosis.
Confocal microscopy of telangiectatic capillaries (TelCaps) and other features of microvascular remodeling following branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Darche Marie , Verschueren Anna , Castro Farias Daniela , Borella Ysé , Paques Michel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBranch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a frequent retinal vascular disease that may cause extensive microvascular remodeling leading to severe visual impairment. Little is known regarding the histology of non‐neovascular microvascular remodeling. Here, we examined by confocal microscopy the structure of retinal microvessels of a donor eye with longstanding BRVO. The post‐mortem retina of a 91‐year‐old woman that had superotemporal BRVO for 2 years was examined by confocal microscopy after anti‐collagen IV (collIV), alpha‐smooth muscle cell (αSMA), and anti‐von Willebrand factor (vWf) immunolabeling. In the retinal quadrant affected by BRVO, extensive vascular remodeling affected all vessels, from arterioles to venules, including the foveal avascular zone. Most affected vessels were either irregularly dilated or, on the opposite, reduced to micrometric‐size CollIV positive, vWf negative, nuclear‐staining negative strings. Telangiectatic capillaries of various sizes and shapes were seen, the largest one (233 μm) being located in the parafoveal area. Some telangiectatic capillaries had a thick, multilayered vWf‐ and CollIV‐positive wall, that often occluded the lumen. Other features included double‐channeled arterioles. The majority of microvascular abnormalities were devoid of nuclear staining, suggesting extensive loss of endothelial cells. We describe the spectrum of microvascular abnormalities upstream of a longstanding BRVO. This spectrum comprises a large parafoveal telangiectatic capillary corresponding to what has been previously clinically defined as TelCap. The absence of intraluminal nuclear staining in the majority of abnormal vessels raises the hypothesis that the loss of endothelial cells plays a crucial role in the development of the different manifestations of capillary remodeling. The presence of vWF in de‐endothelialized vessels suggests deposition of plasma, hence that they may remain perfused. Our work may help to understand the clinical imaging features of TelCaps.
The orbitalauricular chord of Alligator: The unusual functional linkage between the earflap and eyelid of Crocodylians
Authors: Young Bruce A. , Grondel Bryson , Preston Peace , Cramberg Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the distinctive features of the Crocodylia is the presence of a superficial meatal chamber the aperture of which is regulated by two earflaps. The movements of the upper earflap have been detailed by multiple workers, however, the mechanics of the lower earflap remain unresolved. The present study was undertaken to document the mechanics of the lower earflap in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, and to explore the functional bases of coordinated movements between the lower earflap and lower eyelid in this species. This anatomical system was examined using a combination of fresh dissection, histology, and micro‐CT analyses applied to post‐embryonic specimens. The rostral margin of the lower earflap is tightly bound to a block of dense connective tissue herein termed the orbitalauricular chord. The orbitalauricular chord is anatomically distinct from both a ligament and a tendon. The dorsal surface of the orbitalauricular chord is attached to a slip of the levator palpebra, while the ventral surface is attached to a slip of the depressor palpebra. These attachments produce a simple mechanism for the elevation and depression of the lower earflap, and thus the opening and closing of the meatal aperture. The caudal surface of the orbitalauricular chord has connective tissue links to the rostral margin of the lower earflap. The morphology of the orbitalauricular chord appears to explain both the mechanics of the lower earflap and the functional coupling between the lower eyelid and lower earflap.