bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypersementose og endodontiske implikasjoner
Authors: Zakariyya Gunel , Fristad Inge 
Published: September 2022

HovedbudskapSementpåleiring på rotoverflaten er en normal fysiologisk prosess som tiltar med alder.Årsaksfaktorene til sementdannelse utover fysiologiske behov er ikke fullstendig kjent.Hypersementose kan skape utfordringer for endodontisk behandlingsplanlegging og gjennomføring, noe som igjen kan påvirke behandlingsutfall.Det finnes lite informasjon om endodontisk sykdom og behandlingsresultat på rotfylte tenner med hypersementose.
Pollution Evaluation of Industrial Effluents from Consolidated Breweries: A Case Study from Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: N. Nweke Eucheria , U. Okechukwu Victor , O. Omokpariola Daniel , C. Umeh Theresa , R. Oze Nwanneamaka 
Published: September 2022

Industrial effluent discharged into surface water is an environmental concern, as it affects the esthetics, water quality as well as microbial and aquatic flora. Brewery effluents were analyzed for physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate, and sulfate, chloride) and heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to characterize heavy metals using standard analytical methods and compared with WHO standards. The result showed that pH (6.2–6.98), conductivity (137–273 μS/cm), chloride (31–53 mg/l), nitrate (7.53–10.72 mg/l), BOD, and DO were within the WHO limit. However, turbidity, sulfate, and phosphate were above the WHO limit. Heavy metal concentrations Cr, Ni, Pb, Mn, As, and Cd were higher than the WHO limit and vice versa for Fe, Zn, and Co. Ecological risk assessment revealed that effluent samples pose low to moderate ecological risk, for As, Pb, and Ni. Therefore, there is a need for proper treatment and continual monitoring before discharge into the environment.
Molecular Classification of Breast Cancer: Relevance and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Xinmin 
Published: September 2022

Context.—
Appropriate patient management requires precise and meaningful tumor classification. Breast cancer classification continues to evolve from traditional morphologic evaluation to more sophisticated systems with the integration of new knowledge from research being translated into practice. Breast cancer is heterogeneous at the molecular level, with diversified patterns of gene expression, which is presumably responsible for the difference in tumor behavior and prognosis. Since the beginning of this century, new molecular technology has been gradually applied to breast cancer research on issues pertinent to prognosis (prognostic signature) and therapeutic prediction (predictive signature), and much progress has been made.

Objective.—
To summarize the current state and the prospective future of molecular classification of breast cancer.

Data Sources.—
Sources include recent medical literature on molecular classification of breast cancer.

Conclusions.—
Identification of intrinsic tumor subtypes has set a foundation for refining the breast cancer molecular classification. Studies have explored the genetic features within the intrinsic cancer subtypes and have identified novel molecular targets that led to the innovation of clinical assays to predict a patient's prognosis and to provide specific guidelines for therapeutic decisions. With the development and implication of these molecular tools, we have remarkably advanced our knowledge and enhanced our power to provide optimal management to patients. However, challenges still exist. Besides accurate prediction of prognosis, we are still in urgent need of more molecular predictors for tumor response to therapeutic regimes. Further exploration along this path will be critical for improving a patient's prognosis.
Professor Ticolino: ensino de Geografia e racismo em Ituiutaba/MG
Authors: Santos Isabôhr Mizza Veloso dos , Sampaio Adriany de Ávila Melo 
Published: September 2022

No Brasil muitos indivíduos ao conviverem em sociedade percebem a existência do racismo nos diferentes ambientes. O racismo pode ser interpretado como uma forma de preconceito e de discriminação baseadas em percepções sociais nas distinções biológicas entre os povos. O artigo trata sobre o ensino de geografia e do racismo a partir da história de vida do professor Ticolino na cidade de Ituiutaba (MG). Possui como objetivo geral fazer uma discussão sobre a manifestação do racismo presente na sociedade brasileira. Tem como objetivo específico analisar as vivências do professor entrevistado, para compreender as problemáticas raciais envolvidas. A metodologia científica empregada se deu por meio de revisão de literatura bibliográfica acerca das temáticas pesquisadas e por meio da utilização de entrevista, para alcançar suas memórias e analisar sobre o ensino de geografia e o racismo em Ituiutaba (MG).
Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of HAK genes and decoding their role in responding to potassium deficiency and abiotic stress in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Zhao Yanxue , Wang Lei , Zhao Pengcheng , Liu Zhongjie , Guo Siyi , Li Yang , Liu Hao 
Published: September 2022

Background
The HAK family is the largest potassium (K+) transporter family, vital in K+ uptake, plant growth, and both plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. Although HAK family members have been characterized and functionally investigated in many species, these genes are still not studied in detail in Medicago truncatula, a good model system for studying legume genetics.

Methods
In this study, we screened the M. truncatula HAK family members (MtHAKs). Furthermore, we also conducted the identification, phylogenetic analysis, and prediction of conserved motifs of MtHAKs. Moreover, we studied the expression levels of MtHAKs under K+ deficiency, drought, and salt stresses using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results
We identified 20 MtHAK family members and classified them into three clusters based on phylogenetic relationships. Conserved motif analyses showed that all MtHAK proteins besides MtHAK10 contained the highly conserved K+ transport domain (GVVYGDLGTSPLY). qRT-PCR analysis showed that several MtHAK genes in roots were induced by abiotic stress. In particular, MtHAK15, MtHAK17, and MtHAK18 were strongly up-regulated in the M. truncatula roots under K+ deficiency, drought, and salt stress conditions, thereby implying that these genes are good candidates for high-affinity K+ uptake and therefore have essential roles in drought and salt tolerance.

Discussions
Our results not only provided the first genetic description and evolutionary relationships of the K+ transporter family in M. truncatula, but also the potential information responding to K+ deficiency and abiotic stresses, thereby laying the foundation for molecular breeding of stress-resistant legume crops in the future.
Mechano‐Graded Electrodes Mitigate the Mismatch between Mechanical Reliability and Energy Density for Foldable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ge Xiang , Cao Shengkai , Lv Zhisheng , Zhu Zhiqiang , Tang Yuxin , Xia Huarong , Zhang Hongwei , Wei Jiaqi , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yanyan , Zeng Yi , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density are highly desirable for wearable electronics. However, difficult to achieve excellent flexibility and high energy density simultaneously via the current approaches for designing flexible LIBs. To mitigate the mismatch, mechano‐graded electrodes with gradient‐distributed maximum allowable strain are proposed to endow high‐loading‐mass slurry‐coating electrodes with brilliant intrinsic flexibility without sacrificing energy density. As a proof‐of‐concept, the up‐graded LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathodes (≈15 mg cm−2, ≈70 µm) and graphite anodes (≈8 mg cm−2, ≈105 µm) can tolerate an extremely low bending radius of 400 and 600 µm, respectively. Finite element analysis (FEA) reveals that, compared with conventionally homogeneous electrodes, the flexibility of the up‐graded electrodes is enhanced by specifically strengthening the upper layer and avoiding crack initiation. Benefiting from this, the foldable pouch cell (required bending radius of ≈600 µm) successfully realizes a remarkable figure of merit (FOM, energy density vs bending radius) of 121.3 mWh cm−3. Moreover, the up‐graded‐electrodes‐based pouch cells can deliver a stable power supply, even under various deformation modes, such as twisting, folding, and knotting. This work proposes new insights for harmonizing the mechanics and electrochemistry of energy storage devices to achieve high energy density under flexible extremes.
Synthesis of Benzofurans from Sulfur Ylides and ortho‐Hydroxy‐Functionalized Alkynes
Authors: Yu Wenjing , Tung Chen‐Ho , Xu Zhenghu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of benzofurans from readily accessible sulfur ylides and ortho‐hydroxy aryl alkynes is reported. The transformation proceeds through an isomerization/nucleophilic addition/cyclization/aromatization cascade. The substrate scope is very general with respect to both reactants and the products are afforded in 43–94% yield under conditions which are catalyst‐free and additive‐free.magnified image
Low‐Temperature Behavior of Alloy Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cavallaro Kelsey A. , Sandoval Stephanie Elizabeth , Yoon Sun Geun , Thenuwara Akila C. , McDowell Matthew T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) show poor performance at temperatures below 0 °C due to sluggish reaction kinetics, hindered diffusion, and electrolyte freezing. Materials that alloy with lithium offer higher specific capacity than graphite anodes and are studied extensively at room temperature, but their low‐temperature behavior is not well understood. Here, the electrochemical and transformation behavior of three alloy materials (antimony, silicon, and tin) are investigated. It is shown that antimony is particularly well suited for low‐temperature applications due to its relatively high electrode potential and promising electrochemical stability at low temperatures. It is found that lithium‐antimony alloys can be cycled down to −40 °C with ten times higher specific capacity than graphite on the first cycle. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique is used to understand the kinetic and thermodynamic limitations of these electrode materials at low temperatures, and X‐ray diffraction shows that electrochemical phase transformation behavior is also altered at low temperatures. Finally, it is found that the use of reference electrodes is necessary at low temperatures to avoid counter electrode effects. This investigative study provides new understanding of the behavior of alloy anodes at low temperatures and reveals the need for electrode/electrolyte optimization to enable low‐temperature LIBs.
Exome sequencing efficacy and phenotypic expansions involving esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula plus
Authors: Sy Mary R. , Chauhan Jaynee , Prescott Katrina , Imam Aliza , Kraus Alison , Beleza Ana , Salkeld Lee , Hosdurga Saraswati , Parker Michael , Vasudevan Pradeep , Islam Lily , Goel Himanshu , Bain Nicole , Park Soo‐Mi , Mohammed Shehla , Dieterich Klaus , Coutton Charles , Satre Véronique , Vieville Gaëlle , Donaldson Alan , Beneteau Claire , Ghoumid Jamal , Van Den Bogaert Kris , Boogaerts Anneleen , Boudry Elise , Vanlerberghe Clémence , Petit Florence , Bernardini Laura , Torres Barbara , Mattina Teresa , Carli Diana , Mandrile Giorgia , Pinelli Michele , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Neas Katherine , Beddow Rachel , Tørring Pernille M. , Faletra Flavio , Spedicati Beatrice , Gasparini Paolo , Mussa Alessandro , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Lampe Anne , Lam Wayne , Bi Weimin , Bacino Carlos A. , Kuwahara Akela , Bush Jeffrey O. , Zhao Xiaonan , Luna Pamela N. , Shaw Chad A. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Scott Daryl A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEsophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is a life‐threatening birth defect that often occurs with other major birth defects (EA/TEF+). Despite advances in genetic testing, a molecular diagnosis can only be made in a minority of EA/TEF+ cases. Here, we analyzed clinical exome sequencing data and data from the DECIPHER database to determine the efficacy of exome sequencing in cases of EA/TEF+ and to identify phenotypic expansions involving EA/TEF. Among 67 individuals with EA/TEF+ referred for clinical exome sequencing, a definitive or probable diagnosis was made in 11 cases for an efficacy rate of 16% (11/67). This efficacy rate is significantly lower than that reported for other major birth defects, suggesting that polygenic, multifactorial, epigenetic, and/or environmental factors may play a particularly important role in EA/TEF pathogenesis. Our cohort included individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants that affect TCF4 and its downstream target NRXN1, and FANCA, FANCB, and FANCC, which are associated with Fanconi anemia. These cases, previously published case reports, and comparisons to other EA/TEF genes made using a machine learning algorithm, provide evidence in support of a potential pathogenic role for these genes in the development of EA/TEF.
A Simple and General Nickel‐Catalyzed Michael‐Type Hydroamination of Activated Olefins Using Arylamines
Authors: Rajesh Rajagopal , Garg Jai Anand , Thiruvengetam Prabaharan , Kunjanpillai Rajesh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA simple and general addition of aromatic amines to activated olefins viz; acrylonitrile, phenyl vinyl sulfone and dimethyl maleate were realized using a combination of 1–10 mol% of NiBr2 and 2–20 mol% of AgOTf at 27–100 °C in toluene as solvent. A variety of aromatic amines bearing both electron donating and electron withdrawing groups including sterically demanding ones, as well as heteroaromatic amines could be added to activated olefins giving rise to the desired β‐amino acid derivatives or β‐amino sulfones in good yields. Addition of anilines to acrylonitrile was also found to be progressing when AgOTf alone was used as catalyst but was far less effective when compared to catalysis in the presence of NiBr2.
Controllable Self‐Focusing Circular Vortex Pearcey Gaussian Beam with Low Spatial Coherence
Authors: Shi Jingyi , Liang Zehong , Wang Xinyue , Wei Quanfeng , Shui Lingling , Deng Dongmei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new type of controllable self‐focusing circular vortex Pearcey Gaussian beam, which can create an optical potential well with adjustable depth and width at the center of the beam by adjusting the coherent width and the number of topological charges, is introduced. As the coherent width increases, the intensity becomes lower in the dark notch caused by the topological charges, which are consistent with the experimental results. In addition, the self‐focusing location and the strength of the circular vortex Pearcey Gaussian beam can be controlled by the spatial coherence in the simulation.
Ultrahigh‐Throughput Screening of an Artificial Metalloenzyme using Double Emulsions**
Authors: Vallapurackal Jaicy , Stucki Ariane , Liang Alexandria Deliz , Klehr Juliane , Dittrich Petra S. , Ward Thomas R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe potential for ultrahigh‐throughput compartmentalization renders droplet microfluidics an attractive tool for the directed evolution of enzymes. Importantly, it ensures maintenance of the phenotype‐genotype linkage, enabling reliable identification of improved mutants. Herein, we report an approach for ultrahigh‐throughput screening of an artificial metalloenzyme in double emulsion droplets (DEs) using commercially available fluorescence‐activated cell sorters (FACS). This protocol was validated by screening a 400 double‐mutant streptavidin library for ruthenium‐catalyzed deallylation of an alloc‐protected aminocoumarin. The most active variants, identified by next‐generation sequencing, were in good agreement with hits obtained using a 96‐well plate procedure. These findings pave the way for the systematic implementation of FACS for the directed evolution of (artificial) enzymes and will significantly expand the accessibility of ultrahigh‐throughput DE screening protocols.
Highly Selective Preparation and Depolymerization of Chemically Recyclable Poly(cyclopentene carbonate) Enabled by Organoboron Catalysts
Authors: Yang Guan‐Wen , Wang Yuhui , Qi Huan , Zhang Yao‐Yao , Zhu Xiao‐Feng , Lu Chenjie , Yang Li , Wu Guang‐Peng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPoly(cyclopentene carbonate) (PCPC) produced by copolymerization of CO2and cyclopentene oxide (CPO) is a promising but challenging chemical recyclable polymer that has high potential in minimizing plastic pollution and maximizing CO2utilization. Currently, problems remain to be solved, include low reactivity of toxic metal catalysts, inevitable byproducts, and especially the ambiguous mechanism understanding. Herein, we present the first metal‐free access to PCPC by using a series of modular dinuclear organoboron catalysts. PCPC was afforded in an unprecedented catalytic efficiency of 1.0 kg of PCPC/g of catalyst; while the depolymerization of PCPC abides by a combination pathway of random chain scission and chain unzipping, returning CPO in near‐quantitative yield (>99 %). The preparation and depolymerization of PCPC along with in depth understanding of related mechanisms would be helpful for further development of advanced catalysts and recyclable plastics.
Self‐Assembly of Peapod‐like Micrometer Tubes from a Planet‐Satellite‐type Supramolecular Megamer
Authors: Xu Fugui , Li Ke , Li Shanlong , Li Chen , Yu Chunyang , Wang Yuling , Jiang Wenfeng , Lin Shaoliang , Mai Yiyong , Zhou Yongfeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study presents interesting self‐assembly of peapod‐like micrometer tubes from a planet‐satellite‐type supramolecular megamer, which was constructed through the specific host–guest molecular recognition between azobenzene (AZO)‐functionalized hyperbranched poly(ethyl‐3‐oxetanemethanol)‐star‐poly(ethylene oxide) (HSP‐AZO) and β‐cyclodextrin(CD)‐based hydrophilic hyperbranched polyglycerol (CD‐g‐HPG). A peapod‐like structure with micrometer‐sized tube as the pod and vesicles encapsulated inside as the peas was formed through sequential vesicle entosis, linear association, and fusion processes. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations support the structural possibility of the supramolecular peapod formation and its mechanism. UV light irradiation could lead to the disassembly of the peapod‐like structure. This study expands the family of supramolecular polymers and opens a new avenue to develop bioinspired complex hierarchical nanoarchitectures at the microscopic level.
Tris(ortho‐carboranyl)borane: An Isolable, Halogen‐Free, Lewis Superacid
Authors: Akram Manjur O. , Tidwell John R. , Dutton Jason L. , Martin Caleb D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of tris(ortho‐carboranyl)borane (BoCb3), a single site neutral Lewis superacid, in one pot from commercially available materials is achieved. The high fluoride ion affinity (FIA) confirms its classification as a Lewis superacid and the Gutmann‐Beckett method as well as adducts with Lewis bases indicate stronger Lewis acidity over the widely used fluorinated aryl boranes. The electron withdrawing effect ofortho‐carborane and lack of pi‐delocalization of the LUMO rationalize the unusually high Lewis acidity. Catalytic studies indicate that BoCb3is a superior catalyst for promoting C−F bond functionalization reactions than tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3].
Lightweight and flexible bismuth oxide composite with enhancedx‐rayshielding efficiency
Authors: Cheraghi Elahe , Chen Siyuan , Liu Jiayu Alexander , Sun Yonghai , Yeow John Tze‐Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLead‐based shielding materials are commonly used to protect clinical personnel and patients from high energy x‐ray radiations. However, the toxicity and heavy weight of lead can result in serious health concerns and limit its applications. Alternatively, polymer composites are known as one of the potential candidates to shield high energy photons. Herein, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites are fabricated using different weight percentages (wt.%) of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanoparticles. The mechanical strength of nanocomposites is evaluated by Instron 5548 Micro Tester. Also, x‐ray shielding properties are characterized using continuous x‐ray energies from 60 to 90 keV. To study the effect of the nanocomposite structure on mechanical and shielding properties, multilayer nanocomposites in 2 to 5 layers are also fabricated with alternately PDMS/Bi2O3and PDMS/MWCNT layers and are characterized by the same methods. The 5‐layer nanocomposite improves the mechanical strength from 1.7 MPa in neat PDMS to 4.68 MPa. It is also capable of attenuating 89% of the scattered x‐rays generated at a tube potential of 60 keV, with a weight advantageous in comparison with pure lead.
Introducing concepts of passivity‐based control in anti‐windup algorithms
Authors: Fernández Roberto Daniel , Peña Ricardo Ramiro , Martínez Leandro Ariel , Mantz Ricardo Julián 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work presents a reference conditioning anti‐windup scheme based on passivity control theory. The main closed‐loop is controlled by a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control, and the injection and damping assignment technique ensures that PID variables are compatible with the process input. In the proposed algorithm, a fictitious actuator, modeled as a first‐order filter, is incorporated to estimate the rate of change and the output of the actuator device. Amplitude and rate constraints are weight by coefficients that shape the energy function of the anti‐windup scheme. Finally, to show how the algorithm can cope with the windup problem, simulation results are presented. Even when shown the results on a linear PID, the proposal can extend to any linear or nonlinear control in the main control loop.
“Water‐Salt‐in‐Deep Eutectic Solvent” Method to Optimize Conductivity, Viscosity and Freeze Resistance for Eutectic Electrolytes
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Yafei , Zhang Yangming , Zhao Jingxin , Liu Yiyang , Guan Ying , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA novel and simple “water‐salt‐in‐deep eutectic solvent” (WS‐DES) strategy is reported here to increase the ionic conductivity, while reducing the viscosity and freezing temperature of deep eutectic solvent (DES). Upon the addition of water and strong electrolyte salt to the DES of [LiTFSI][EG], the conductivity was increased by 16 times, the viscosity was decreased by 36 %, and the freezing temperature was decreased by 30 °C. Additionally, WS‐DES strategy can be well applied to electrolytes for supercapacitor devices. Compared to the initial DES, supercapacitors using WS‐DES electrolyte have higher specific capacitance, better rate performance, lower IR voltage drop, and lower internal resistance. Moreover, the WS‐DES electrolyte also exhibits excellent electrochemical stability under extreme condition even at −40 °C.