bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-8 Neurocognitive Inhibition Predicts Cortisol Reactivity to a Stressful Speech Task
Authors: Stout Madison , Hawkins Misty 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Increased stress and cortisol are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, including cerebrovascular disease. The present study used an experimental speech task to determine the relationship between inhibitory control and cortisol response to social stress. We hypothesized that poorer inhibitory control would predict larger cortisol response to the stressor.
Method: Participants were 42 women with overweight/obesity recruited for larger project examining the impacts of weight stigma on inflammation. The computerized Stroop Color-Word and Go/No-Go assessed baseline inhibitory control and other neurocognitive factors. Higher scores indicate better performance. After a baseline blood sample, participants were randomized and asked to give a speech (1 = stigma, 0 = neutral). Subsequent blood draws were taken at 30-, 60-, and 90-minutes post-speech. Area under the curve was calculated to represent total cortisol increase.
Results: Analyses, controlling for speech condition and BMI, revealed that cortisol reactivity to the speech task was predicted by both Stroop Color-Word (β = −0.42, p = 0.007) and Interference (β = −0.35, p = 0.022) scores, as well as Go/No-Go Hits (β = −0.33, p = 0.04) and Omissions (β = −0.34, p = 0.03), but not Commissions (β = −0.038; p = 0.81).
Conclusions: The pattern of results suggests that individuals with lower inhibitory control experienced a greater cortisol output after the stressor. In this context, individuals who were better able to ignore irrelevant social aspects of the speech experienced a smaller cortisol reaction than the individuals who could not ignore them. To reduce risk for cerebrovascular disease, clinical interventions should focus on the practice of ignoring irrelevant stressors to promote more adaptive biological responses to stress.
A-13 Characterizing the Network Structure of Post-Concussion Symptoms
Authors: Goodwin Grace J , Salva Christine , Woodyatt Jessica J , Maietta Julia E , Kuwabara Hana C , Ross Staci , Kinsora Thomas F , Allen Daniel N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Assessment of post-concussion symptoms (PCS) has become a standard part of athletics at secondary, post-secondary, and professional levels. Network theory suggests that disorders can be viewed as a set of interacting symptoms that amplify, reinforce, and maintain one another. Examining the network structure of PCS may provide new insights into symptom comorbidity to inform targeted treatment and rehabilitation. We used network analysis to examine the topology of the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) in high school athletes with recent sport-related concussion (SRC).
Method: High school athletes (n = 3292) with suspected SRC completed the PCSS. PCSS items were entered into network analysis, where nodes represented symptoms and edges represented association between symptoms. Centrality indices were calculated to determine relative importance of each symptom in the network.
Results: Edge weights, node strength, and expected influence were stable and interpretable. The network consisted of positive and negative edges. The strongest edges linked nodes within symptom domain (e.g., strong positive associations among affective symptoms). “Difficulty concentrating” was the most central and influential symptom in the network.
Conclusions: The present study examined the architecture of PCS using network analysis. While strong connections were found among symptoms within similar domains, all symptoms appeared to be interconnected. “Difficulty concentrating” emerged as an influential symptom in the network. Thus, this symptom is expected to affect the activation, persistence, and remission of other PCS. Interventions targeting difficulties with concentration may help alleviate other symptoms. Future research should examine the trajectory of PCS to advance clinical understanding of persisting symptoms after concussion.
A-116 Impact of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy on Cognitive Functioning and Quality of Life in a Veteran Population
Authors: Peak Ashley M , Marceaux Janice C , Shoji Kristy D , Valencia Julianna P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is a non-pharmacological intervention for dementia. The CST program developed by Spector and colleagues has proven effective in improving quality of life (QoL) and cognition in older adults with dementia. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of CST in a veteran population.
Method: A clinic-referred sample of veterans who completed a 7-week CST and pre/post-group assessments were selected for this study. This resulted in a sample of 25 male veterans, a majority of whom were diagnosed with a progressive dementia (Mean age = 74.44; Mean education = 13.7; 44% White, 44% Hispanic/Latinx, 8% Black). Paired-samples t-test were used to determine if group participation was associated with improvements in QoL or cognitive functioning.
Results: Veterans who participated in the CST group did not demonstrate a significant change in MoCA scores from pre-test (M = 16.63, SD = 3.28) to post-test (M = 17.42, SD = 4.23), (t[23] = −1.44, p = 0.16, Cohen’s d = 0.296) or RBANS total scores from pre-test (M = 61.73, SD = 10.13) to post-test (M = 64.55, SD = 11.28), (t[21] = −1.89, p = 0.07, Cohen’s d = 0.263). Similarly, there was no significant change in QoL as measured by participants from pre-test (M = 35, SD = 7.60) to post-test (M = 36.22, SD = 7.16), (t[22] = −1.30, p = 0.21, Cohen’s d = 0.165) or as measured by a caregiver from pre-test (M = 30, SD = 7.37) to post-test (M = 28.75, SD = 7.46), (t[19] = 0.69, p = 0.50, Cohen’s d = 0.169).
Conclusion: While CST did not significantly improve cognition or QoL in a diverse veteran sample, there was a small effect observed on cognitive functioning. Given that dementia is often a progressive disease, even stability of baseline cognition is suggestive of the protective effect of CST.
A-117 Posterior Cortical Atrophy Case Study: Neuropsychological Assessment Remains Gold Standard Diagnostic Tool of Choice
Authors: Woodhouse Jonathan , Corbett John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare, early onset, neurodegenerative syndrome that is characterized by impaired visuospatial/visual-constructional skills. Patients describe vague visual symptoms; however, ocular assessments are usually normal. Alzheimer's disease is the most common underlying cause of PCA; however, brain MRI is often unrevealing early in the disease. As a result, accurate diagnosis is often delayed.
Method: The patient was initially referred in 2016 for a concussion evaluation following a work-related head injury when she was 54. Initial MRI of the brain was unremarkable. Neuropsychological testing was repeated in 2019, which was the first diagnostic test to establish a diagnosis of PCA. Subsequently, MRI of the brain with volumetric analysis showed total hippocampal volume to be at the 99th percentile and no pattern of cerebral volume loss to suggest a specific diagnosis. However, CSF biomarker assays were consistent with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Results: The patient’s initial cognitive profile in 2016 reflected mild cognitive impairment, multidomain type with severely impaired visual-constructional skills, which were unrelated to her concussion. Neuropsychological testing was repeated in 2019, which showed interval progressive cognitive and functional decline. Profound visual-constructional impairments were again noted (see image), and she met criteria for PCA. Neuropsychological testing was repeated in 2021 and showed progression to moderate dementia with features of Gerstmann's syndrome.
Conclusions: In spite of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques and increasing access to CSF biomarker analysis, neuropsychological assessment remains the gold standard diagnostic tool of choice for neurologists faced with rare dementia syndromes, such as PCA. See patient video at: https://youtu.be/9HdAKSL5alg
A-118 Psychedelic Interventions for Neuropsychological Conditions
Authors: Peacock Brian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Psychedelic-assisted therapies are emerging as safe and effective treatments for some psychological conditions including depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders. As ketamine therapy is already available in general medicine and 3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psilocybin are in late-stage clinical trials, neuropsychologists should be aware of these therapy options. The goal of this study was to identify new targets for psychedelic intervention and to evaluate the applicability and contraindications of psychedelic therapies in those with neuropsychological conditions.
Data Selection: A systematic literature search was performed using 128 topic keywords covering topics related to psychedelic pharmacology, risk, neuroscience, neuropsychology, psychological change, and clinical applications. These keywords were searched in combination with names of eight major psychedelics for a total of 1024 separate Google Scholar searches. This yielded 4319 papers with over eight hundred included based on translational relevance.
Data Synthesis: Data were synthesized using a translational approach, with findings building from basic research to clinical application. Literature was summarized into tables comparing sample, technique, statistical confidence, and effect size (computed when not available). Critical analysis was performed to evaluate the literature and generate new clinical insights.
Conclusion: Emerging opportunities for psychedelic therapies to treat neuropsychological conditions, including traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular accident, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were identified. Some contraindications were also found to psychedelic treatment of psychological disorders that co-occur with neuropsychological conditions. These findings are contextualized with the current state of psychedelic medicine to support practitioners in providing actionable clinical recommendations.
A-123 Problem Solving and Mental Workload in Binge and Non-Binge Drinking College Students
Authors: Hardy David J , Hatch Oliver J , Agbaroji Hannah A , Valencia Estefania , Wright Matthew J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Chronic sustained alcohol abuse is known to impact cognitive functioning. We examined potential differences in problem solving ability and mental workload in a more short-term population, binge-drinking college students.
Method: Binge-drinking (BD) (n = 129) and non-binge-drinking (NBD) (n = 163) college students completed a computerized test of problem solving, a 3-disk and 4-disk version of the Tower of Hanoi (TOH). After each TOH session, they also completed an assessment of mental workload via the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Mental workload was defined as the Mental Demand subscale of the NASA-TLX.
Results: No significant group difference was found in mean number of moves to complete the TOH in either the 3-disk version or 4-disk version. For mental workload, no difference was evident for the 3-disk TOH (BD M = 28.81, SD = 21.05 vs NBD M = 27.09, SD = 21.59, p = 0.497), but there was a difference for the 4-disk TOH condition (BD M = 47.22, SD = 21.86 vs NBD M = 41.84, SD = 22.94, p = 0.044).
Conclusion(s): While no group differences in test performance were evident, there was a difference in mental workload on the more difficult TOH condition. We propose that mental workload, which is not normally considered in neuropsychology, might be a valuable tool in assessment of cognitive status, especially when there are subtle cognitive differences. In this case, even with similar test performance, cognitive status might not necessarily be the same between the two groups, with the BD group showing greater mental workload.
A-133 Assessing Cognitive Performance in Bilingual Children with Refractory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Smith Cassandra , Soomro Amal , Li Jessie , Norman Madison , Rose Abigail , Schwartz Eliezer 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The effects of bilingualism on cognitive profiles in children with pre-surgical temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have not been well-addressed. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the state of knowledge on cognitive performance in bilingual children with refractory TLE.
Data Selection: An extensive literature search using PubMed, Wiley, and ScienceDirect/Elsevier research databases yielded 326 articles on cognitive performance of children with TLE using the following search terms: temporal lobe epilepsy in bilingual children, temporal lobe epilepsy, bilingualism, bilingual, children. Of these, only 3 met inclusion/exclusion criteria set prior to initiating the literature search.
Data Synthesis: Findings from the systematic review were mixed. Although some studies found that bilingual children with refractory TLE perform similarly to healthy controls and monolingual TLE children on measures of executive functioning and working memory. Other studies found that bilingualism no longer served as a protective factor for cognitive performance, specifically executive functioning, after accounting for the presence of TLE.
Conclusion: Neuropsychology is an integral part of TLE rehabilitation programs to provide comprehensive evaluations of patients with epilepsy and increase quality of life outcomes. Bilingualism may be a protective factor due to reorganization of executive functioning networks that promote cognitive reserve. However, the current review highlights the need for further study of cognitive profiles of bilingual children with TLE, as executive functioning may be uniquely impacted.
A-144 A Cross-Validation Study of Memory and Non-Memory Neuropsychology Measures with Spanish-Speaking Older Adults
Authors: Beaulieu Ashleigh , Nahmias Leeron , Hincapie Diana , Ortega Alexandra , Kitaigorodsky Marcela , Curiel Rosie , Loewenstein David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinical utility of the Spanish versions of memory vs. non-memory instruments in a Spanish-speaking sample; specifically, the comparative performance for the English versions in amnestic MCI (aMCI) and cognitively unimpaired (CU) elders.
Method: 255 Non-Hispanic English speakers (NH-ES; 157 CU; 98 aMCI) and 201 Hispanic Spanish speakers (H-SS; 103 CU; 98 aMCI) were classified using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and a validated culturally fair test. ANCOVA procedures were used to test for differences between four groups across languages adjusting for age, sex, and education for memory (e.g., Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-HVLT-R; NACC Logical Memory) and non-memory measures (e.g., Trail-Making Test A-B, Category and Phonemic Fluency).
Results: For memory measures, CU older adults were statistically differentiated from aMCI counterparts regardless of language. No significant differences between H-SS aMCI and NH-ES aMCI groups’ on HVLT-R and NACC story passages immediate/delayed conditions. No significant differences found between H-SS CU and NH-ES CU on memory indices. Conversely, Bonferroni corrected means (p&lt;.05) revealed that even after adjustment for demographic covariates, ES CU outperformed H-SS CU counterparts on Trails A-B, and Category/Phonemic Fluencies. NH-ES aMCI groups scored better than H-SS aMCI on Trails B.
Conclusions: Results indicate that memory measures experience less bias when employed among different linguistic/cultural groups regardless of cognitive status. In contrast, CU H-SS groups scored lower on all non-memory measures. Factors that lead to potential bias, particularly among CU are discussed. Trails-B evidenced bias for both Hispanic CU and MCI, making this a measure that requires the judicious use of appropriate norms.
A-156 Development of an Online Intervention to Reduce Internalized Stigma in Epilepsy
Authors: Goldstein Allyson S , Kiriakopoulos Elaine T , Tremont Geoffrey , Mankodiya Kunal , Ummie Sabah , Margolis Seth 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Stigma is common in people with epilepsy (PWE), detracting from quality of life. Yet, no effective anti-stigma self-management programs exist for PWE. Here, we showcase a multidisciplinary team’s effort to create a telehealth-accessible anti-stigma intervention.
Method: Systematic review of empirical and theoretical research on epilepsy stigma was leveraged to create an online anti-stigma program for PWE. Drawing on experience in epilepsy care, intervention development, and digital health solutions, two neuropsychologists, a neurologist, and a computer engineer engaged in iterative biweekly meetings for one-year to determine critical intervention components.
Results: Four critical intervention components were identified: 1) stress management to combat negative affect caused by stigma, 2) stigma education around PWE’s self-limiting internalized experience of discrimination (i.e., “stigma thoughts”), 3) cognitive restructuring of “stigma thoughts”, and 4) problem solving to overcome stigma challenges. A self-administered, modular, online platform with built-in demonstration and interactive practice exercises was developed accordingly. Module one emphasizes deep breathing, relaxation, mindfulness, and visualization techniques. Module two presents vignettes derived from the lives of real PWE and teaches users to recognize stigma thoughts in others and themselves. Module three teaches users to apply cognitive reframing skills to unbalanced stigma-related thoughts. Module four guides users to apply problem-solving skills to everyday stigma challenges experienced by PWE.
Conclusion: Drawing on research, theory, and collaborative multidisciplinary interaction, psychoeducational content employing a cognitive-behavioral framework was adapted to a self-administered, modular, online platform to mitigate the stigma felt by PWE. Future research will elicit feedback on the intervention’s concept, features, and content from community stakeholders with epilepsy.
A-161 Neuropsychological Findings and Atypical Motoric Features Associated with Hashimoto Encephalopathy in a 52-year-old Male
Authors: Bailey-Bila Maggie , Phillips Matthew S , Yang Jessica , Fink Joseph W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neurological condition with pathophysiology associated with elevated autoimmune anti-thyroid antibodies. The condition, associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, is found more commonly in women. Clinical presentations of HE vary significantly, with cognitive deficit and generalized seizures as the most prominent manifestations. While there is robust literature illustrating HE in female populations, literature on HE in male patients, particularly with dominant motoric features, remains limited.
Methods: A 52-year-old, right-handed, Caucasian male presented for evaluation reporting difficulties with short-term memory, word-finding, disorientation, and motor deficits. The patient exhibited significant motor symptoms including myotonia, micrographia, fasciculations and paresthesias, phantosmia, and myoclonic jerking, beginning in 2017 with progressive decline. Relevant medical history includes Hashimoto thyroiditis (2021), focal temporal EEG abnormalities (2021), dystonia (2021), and migraines. Prior to presenting concerns, the patient was otherwise generally healthy. Neuroimaging (MRI) revealed increased signal intensity in the subcortical white matter of the right frontal lobe. He was dependent in several instrumental activities of daily living.
Results: His premorbid baseline was estimated to be in the average range. His neurocognitive profile was marked by mild impairments in immediate and delayed verbal memory and recognition paradigms, whereas he demonstrated moderate impairments in processing speed and motor functioning.
Conculsion: Taken together, his neurocognitive profile, clinical history, and functional independence are consistent with the clinical presentation of HE. His cognitive deficits and epileptiform activity are consistent with prominent manifestations of HE, whereas his pronounced motoric features are seemingly aberrant in HE. Furthermore, post-steroidal treatment revealed increased cognitive proficiency on a single mental status examination.
A-168 The Role of Executive Functioning, Processing Speed, and Working Memory on the TMT-B in ADHD Populations
Authors: Wenzel Benjamin , Frick Lauren A , Kern Jennie R , Van Winkle Baylee , Bailey-Bila Maggie C , Balloun Bailey A , Fawcett Madelyn K , Pyykkonen Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Trail-Making Test B (TMT-B) is a measure of attention and processing speed (PS), with sensitivity to executive functioning (EF; Reimers, 2019). The impacts of these domains on TMT-B are not well-understood, especially in those with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, who experience deficits in EF, PS, and attention (Kramer et al., 2020, Theiling & Petermann, 2016). We examined the contributions of EF, PS, and attention on TMT-B performance.
Method: This study included archival data of 64 adults diagnosed with ADHD at a midwestern multidisciplinary behavioral health clinic. Commonality analyses were used to identify the predictive capacity of performance on measures of EF, attention, and PS on TMT-B. EF was measured using perseverative errors of Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST). Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) index scores of working memory (WMI), and processing speed (PSI) were used to examine attention and PS.
Results: Data was analyzed using a series of block-wise hierarchical regression analyses, with each predictor variable entered in alternating sequence. Results indicated that the processing speed domain accounted for 10.8% (R2 change = .108, F(1, 60) = 8.407, p &lt; .01) of the variance in TMT-B performance after controlling for variability accounted for by other domains. EF was a significant predictor after accounting for variability in other domains, but accounted for only 5% (R2 change = .05, F(1, 60) = 4.179, p &lt; .045) of the variance. WMI was not a significant predictor in this clinical sample.
Conclusion: TMT-B is affected by both PS and EF. Implications and limitations of this study will be discussed.
A-171 Dissociable Dimensions of Multiple Sclerosis-Related Depression
Authors: Kaden Sarah J , Light Sharee , Martinez-Camblor Pablo , Wishart Heather 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with increased risk of depression and suicide. Preliminary literature suggests that sadness and anhedonic aspects of depression may dissociate in MS. Based on this, we hypothesized that there would be three subtypes of depression experienced by individuals with MS: primarily sad, primarily anhedonic, and mixed (i.e., elevated anhedonia and sadness), and that certain dimensions would be associated with higher degrees of suicidal ideation.
Method: Participants included 117 patients with MS [Mean (Standard Deviation): age = 47.48 (10.21) years; 78.9% female; 97.3% White non-Hispanic; disease duration = 7.86 (8.30) years; Expanded Disability Status Scale: Median = 3, Range = 0 to 8.0]. Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Patients’ level of mood symptoms ranged from non-depressed to severely depressed [10.26 (9.35)].
Results: Principle components analysis of BDI-II item-level responses indicated that symptoms in patients with MS dissociated into three dimensions accounting for 59% of variance in total. Dimension 1 included eight items related to negative cognitions, including pessimism, loss of hope and suicidal thoughts. Dimension 2 consisted of eight items characterized by vegetative symptoms and anhedonia. Dimension 3 was comprised of five items pertaining to sadness and emotion regulation issues.
Conclusion(s): There appear to be three dimensions of depression experienced by adults with MS, and the negative cognitions dimension is most strongly related to suicidality, highlighting the importance of screening for this aspect of depression in individuals with MS.