bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic KMTNet planetary anomaly search. IV. Complete sample of 2019 prime-field
Authors: Zang Weicheng , Yang Hongjing , Han Cheongho , Lee Chung-Uk , Udalski Andrzej , Gould Andrew , Mao Shude , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhu Wei , Albrow Michael D , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W , Mróz Przemek , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radoslaw , Szymański Michał K , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof A , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We report the complete statistical planetary sample from the prime fields (Γ ≥ 2 h−1) of the 2019 Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) microlensing survey. We develop the optimized KMTNet AnomalyFinder algorithm and apply it to the 2019 KMTNet prime fields. We find a total of 13 homogeneously selected planets and report the analysis of three planetary events, KMT-2019-BLG-(1042,1552,2974). The planet–host mass ratios, q, for the three planetary events are 6.34 × 10−4, 4.89 × 10−3, and 6.18 × 10−4, respectively. A Bayesian analysis indicates the three planets are all cold giant planets beyond the snow line of their host stars. The 13 planets are basically uniform in log q over the range −5.0 &lt; log q &lt; −1.5. This result suggests that the planets below qbreak = 1.7 × 10−4 proposed by the MOA-II survey may be more common than previously believed. This work is an early component of a large project to determine the KMTNet mass-ratio function, and the whole sample of 2016–2019 KMTNet events should contain about 120 planets.
Determining active galactic nucleus luminosity histories using present-day outflow properties: a neural network-based approach
Authors: Zubovas Kastytis , Bialopetravičius Jonas , Kazlauskaitė Monika 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Large-scale outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can have a profound influence on their host galaxies. The outflow properties themselves depend sensitively on the history of AGN energy injection during the lifetime of the outflow. Most observed outflows have dynamical time-scales longer than the typical AGN episode duration, i.e. they have been inflated by multiple AGN episodes. Here, we present a neural network-based approach to inferring the most likely duty cycle and other properties of AGN based on the observable properties of their massive outflows. Our model recovers the AGN parameters of simulated outflows with typical errors $\lt 25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. We apply the method to a sample of 59 real molecular outflows and show that a large fraction of them have been inflated by AGN shining with a rather high duty cycle δAGN &gt; 0.2. This result suggests that nuclear activity in galaxies is clustered hierarchically in time, with long phases of more frequent activity composed of many short activity episodes. We predict that $\sim \! 19{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of galaxies should have AGN-driven outflows, but half of them are fossils – this is consistent with currently available data. We discuss the possibilities to investigate AGN luminosity histories during outflow lifetimes and suggest ways to use our software to test other physical models of AGN outflows. The source code of all of the software used here is made public.
On the origin of diffuse radio emission in Abell 85 – insights from new GMRT observations
Authors: Rahaman Majidul , Raja Ramij , Datta Abhirup , Burns Jack O , Rapetti David 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Extended, steep, and ultra-steep spectrum radio emission in a galaxy cluster is usually associated with recent mergers. Simulations show that radio phoenixes are aged radio galaxy lobes whose emission reactivates when a low Mach shock compresses it. A85 hosts a textbook example of a radio phoenix at about 320 kpc southwest of the cluster centre. We present a new high-resolution 325 MHz GMRT radio map illustrating this radio phoenix’s complex and filamentary structure. The full extent of the radio structure is revealed for the first time from these radio images of A85. Using archival Chandra X-ray observations, we applied an automated 2D shock finder to the X-ray surface brightness and Adaptive Circular Binning temperature maps that confirmed a bow shock at the location of the radio phoenix. We also compared the Mach number from the X-ray data with the radio-derived Mach number in the same region using multifrequency radio observations and find that they are consistent within the 1σ error level.
Dual constraints with ALMA: new [O iii] 88-μm and dust-continuum observations reveal the ISM conditions of luminous LBGs at z ∼ 7
Authors: Witstok Joris , Smit Renske , Maiolino Roberto , Kumari Nimisha , Aravena Manuel , Boogaard Leindert , Bouwens Rychard , Carniani Stefano , Hodge Jacqueline A , Jones Gareth C , Stefanon Mauro , van der Werf Paul , Schouws Sander 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present new [${\rm O\, {\small III}}$] 88-$\mu \mathrm{{m}}$ observations of five bright z ∼ 7 Lyman-break galaxies spectroscopically confirmed by ALMA through [${\rm C\, {\small II}}$] 158 $\mu \mathrm{{m}}$, unlike recent [${\rm O\, {\small III}}$] detections where Lyman α was used. This nearly doubles the sample of Epoch of Reionization galaxies with robust (5σ) [${\rm C\, {\small II}}$] and [${\rm O\, {\small III}}$] detections. We perform a multiwavelength comparison with new deep HST images of the rest-frame UV, whose compact morphology aligns well with [${\rm O\, {\small III}}$] tracing ionized gas. In contrast, we find more spatially extended [${\rm C\, {\small II}}$] emission likely produced in neutral gas, as indicated by an [${\rm N\, {\small II}}$] 205-$\mu \mathrm{{m}}$ non-detection in one source. We find a correlation between the optical ${[{\rm O\, {\small III}}]}+ {\mathrm{H\,\beta }}$ equivalent width and [${\rm O\, {\small III}}$]/[${\rm C\, {\small II}}$], as seen in local metal-poor dwarf galaxies. cloudy models of a nebula of typical density harbouring a young stellar population with a high-ionization parameter adequately reproduce the observed lines. Surprisingly, however, our models fail to reproduce the strength of [${\rm O\, {\small III}}$] 88-$\mu \mathrm{{m}}$, unless we assume an α/Fe enhancement and near-solar nebular oxygen abundance. On spatially resolved scales, we find [${\rm O\, {\small III}}$]/[${\rm C\, {\small II}}$] shows a tentative anticorrelation with infrared excess, LIR/LUV, also seen on global scales in the local Universe. Finally, we introduce the far-infrared spectral energy distribution fitting code mercurius to show that dust-continuum measurements of one source appear to favour a low dust temperature and correspondingly high dust mass. This implies a high stellar metallicity yield and may point towards the need of dust production or grain-growth mechanisms beyond supernovae.
Long-term tidal evolution of the TRAPPIST-1 system
Authors: Brasser R , Pichierri G , Dobos V , Barr A C 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The ultracool M-dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 is surrounded by seven planets configured in a resonant chain. Transit-timing variations have shown that the planets are caught in multiple three-body resonances and that their orbits are slightly eccentric, probably caused by resonant forcing. The current values of the eccentricities could be a remnant from their formation. Here, we run numerical simulations using fictitious forces of trapping the fully grown planets in resonances as they migrated in the gas disc, followed by numerical simulations detailing their tidal evolution. For a reduced disc scale height h ∼ 0.03–0.05, the eccentricities of the planets upon capture in resonance are higher than their current values by factors of a few. We show that the current eccentricities and spacing of planets d to h are natural outcomes of coupled tidal evolution wherein the planets simultaneously damp their eccentricities and separate due to their resonant interaction. We further show that the planets evolve along a set of equilibrium curves in semimajor axis–eccentricity phase space that are defined by the resonances, and that conserve angular momentum. As such, the current 8:5–5:3–(3:2)2–4:3–3:2 resonant configuration cannot be reproduced from a primordial (3:2)4–4:3–3:2 resonant configuration from tidal dissipation in the planets alone. We use our simulations to constrain the long-term tidal parameters k2/Q for planets b to e, which are in the range of 10−3 to 10−2, and show that these are mostly consistent with those obtained from interior modelling following reasonable assumptions.
Electromagnetic precursor flares from the late inspiral of neutron star binaries
Authors: Most Elias R , Philippov Alexander A 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The coalescence of two neutron stars is accompanied by the emission of gravitational waves, and can also feature electromagnetic counterparts powered by mass ejecta and the formation of a relativistic jet after the merger. Since neutron stars can feature strong magnetic fields, the non-trivial interaction of the neutron star magnetospheres might fuel potentially powerful electromagnetic transients prior to merger. A key process powering those precursor transients is relativistic reconnection in strong current sheets formed between the two stars. In this work, we provide a detailed analysis of how the twisting of the common magnetosphere of the binary leads to an emission of electromagnetic flares, akin to those produced in the solar corona. By means of relativistic force-free electrodynamics simulations, we clarify the role of different magnetic field topologies in the process. We conclude that flaring will always occur for suitable magnetic field alignments, unless one of the neutron stars has a magnetic field significantly weaker than the other.
Sporadic micro-meteoroid source radiant distribution inferred from the Arecibo 430 MHz radar observations
Authors: Li Yanlin , Zhou Qihou , Urbina Julio , Huang Tai-Yin 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
This work presents the result of sporadic meteor radiant density distribution using the Arecibo 430 MHz incoherent scatter radar (ISR) located in Puerto Rico for the first time. Although numerous meteor studies have been carried out using the Arecibo ISR, meteoroid radiant density distribution has remained a mystery as the Arecibo radar cannot measure vector velocity. A numerical orbital simulation algorithm using dynamic programming and stochastic gradient descent is designed to solve the sporadic meteoroid radiant density and the corresponding speed distributions of the meteors observed at Arecibo. The data set for the algorithm comprises over 250 000 meteors from Arecibo observations between 2009 and 2017. Five of the six recognized sporadic meteor sources can be identified from our result. There is no clearly identifiable South Apex source. Instead, there is a broad distribution between +/−30° ecliptic latitude, with the peak density located in the North Apex direction. Our results also indicate that the Arecibo radar is not sensitive to meteors travelling straight into or perpendicular to the antenna beam but is most sensitive to meteors with an arrival angle between 30° and 60°. Our analysis indicates that about 75 per cent of meteoroids observed by the Arecibo radar travel in prograde orbits when the impact probability is considered. Most of the retrograde meteoroids travel in inclined low-eccentricity orbits.
Quantifying kinematic substructure in star-forming regions with statistical tests of spatial autocorrelation
Authors: Arnold Becky , Wright Nicholas J , Parker Richard J 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate whether spatial-kinematic substructure in young star-forming regions can be quantified using Moran’s I statistic. Its presence in young star clusters would provide an indication that the system formed from initially substructured conditions, as expected by the hierarchical model of star cluster formation, even if the cluster were spatially smooth and centrally concentrated. Its absence, on the other hand, would be evidence that star clusters form monolithically. The Moran’s I statistic is applied to N-body simulations of star clusters with different primordial spatial-velocity structures, and its evolution over time is studied. It is found that this statistic can be used to reliably quantify spatial-kinematic substructure, and can be used to provide evidence as to whether the spatial-kinematic structure of regions with ages ≲6 Myr is best reproduced by the hierarchical or monolithic models of star formation. Moran’s I statistic is also able to conclusively say whether the data are not consistent with initial conditions that lack kinematic substructure, such as the monolithic model, in regions with ages up to, and potentially beyond, 10 Myrs. This can therefore provide a kinematic signature of the star cluster formation process that is observable for many Myr after any initial spatial structure has been erased.
Constraints on population I/II neutron star-black hole binary formation by gravitational wave and radio observations
Authors: Kinugawa Tomoya , Nakamura Takashi , Nakano Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Two neutron star (NS)-black hole (BH) binaries, GW200105 and GW200115 found in the LIGO/Virgo O3b run have smaller BH mass of 6–9 M⊙, which is consistent with Population I and II origin. Our population synthesis simulations using 106 Population I and II binaries with appropriate initial parameters show consistent binary mass, event rate, no detection of radio pulsar (PSR), and BH binaries in our Galaxy so far. Especially, we found possible progenitors of GW200105 and GW200115, which were formed at redshift z = 0.15 and z = 1.6 with binary mass of $(34\,{\mathrm{ M}}_{\odot },\, 9.2\,{\mathrm{ M}}_{\odot })$ and $(23.7\,{\mathrm{ M}}_{\odot },\, 10.6\,{\mathrm{ M}}_{\odot })$, respectively. The final masses of these binaries are $(6.85\,{\mathrm{ M}}_{\odot },\, 2.14\,{\mathrm{ M}}_{\odot })$ and $(6.04\,{\mathrm{ M}}_{\odot },\, 1.31\,{\mathrm{ M}}_{\odot })$ which look like $(9.0_{-1.7}^{+1.7}\,{\mathrm{ M}}_{\odot },\, 1.91_{-0.24}^{+0.33}\,{\mathrm{ M}}_{\odot })$ of GW200105 and $(5.9_{-2.5}^{+2.0}\,{\mathrm{ M}}_{\odot },\, 1.44_{-0.29}^{+0.85}\,{\mathrm{ M}}_{\odot })$ of GW200115, respectively. We also estimate that 2.68–19.7 PSR–BH binaries in our Galaxy will be observed by SKA. The existence of NS–BHs in our Galaxy can be confirmed in future SKA era. Using the GW observation of NS–BH mergers and the radio observation of PSR–BHs in future, we can get more severe constraints on the NS–BH formation process.
A transformation clustering algorithm and its application in polyribosomes structural profiling
Authors: Jiang Wenhong , Wagner Jonathan , Du Wenjing , Plitzko Juergen , Baumeister Wolfgang , Beck Florian , Guo Qiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Improvements in cryo-electron tomography sample preparation, electron-microscopy instrumentations, and image processing algorithms have advanced the structural analysis of macromolecules in situ. Beyond such analyses of individual macromolecules, the study of their interactions with functionally related neighbors in crowded cellular habitats, i.e. ‘molecular sociology’, is of fundamental importance in biology. Here we present a NEighboring Molecule TOpology Clustering (NEMO-TOC) algorithm. We optimized this algorithm for the detection and profiling of polyribosomes, which play both constitutive and regulatory roles in gene expression. Our results suggest a model where polysomes are formed by connecting multiple nonstochastic blocks, in which translation is likely synchronized.
Health service COVID-19 wellbeing and support initiatives: a mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: Holton S , Wright A , Wynter K , Hall L , Wintle J , Lambis E , Cooke L , McNally C , Pavlovski M , Bruce S , Rasmussen B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Health services implemented a range of initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic to support employee wellbeing and assist employees to manage the professional and personal challenges they experienced. However, it is not known if such initiatives were acceptable to employees or met their needs.

Aims
To evaluate the wellbeing and support initiatives implemented at an Australian health service during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of employees (both users and non-users) and key stakeholders.

Methods
A mixed-methods design (survey, interviews and data audit) to investigate employees’ and key stakeholders’ perceptions, experiences and use of the wellbeing and support initiatives implemented at a large tertiary metropolitan health service in Melbourne, Australia.

Results
Ten employees participated in an interview and 907 completed a survey. The initiatives were well used and appreciated by staff. There was no significant difference in the proportion of clinical staff who had used the initiatives compared to non-clinical staff (44% versus 39%; P=0.223). Survey respondents reported the initiatives improved their mental health (n = 223, 8%), ability to cope with COVID-19 related stress and anxiety (n = 206, 79%), do their work (n = 200, 77%) and relationships with colleagues (n = 174, 67%). Staff would like many of the initiatives (with some modifications) to continue after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions
The findings suggest a high level of staff satisfaction with the implemented wellbeing and support initiatives, and confirm the need for, and importance of, developing and implementing initiatives to support health service staff during outbreaks of infectious diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Alarming Drop in Early Stage Colorectal Cancer Diagnoses After COVID-19 Outbreak: A Real-World Analysis from the Italian COVID-DELAY Study
Authors: Mentrasti Giulia , Cantini Luca , Zichi Clizia , D’Ostilio Nicola , Gelsomino Fabio , Martinelli Erika , Chiari Rita , La Verde Nicla , Bisonni Renato , Cognigni Valeria , Pinterpe Giada , Pecci Federica , Migliore Antonella , Aimar Giacomo , De Vita Francesca , Traisci Donatella , Spallanzani Andrea , Martini Giulia , Nicolardi Linda , Cona Maria Silvia , Baleani Maria Giuditta , Rocchi Marco Luigi Bruno , Berardi Rossana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered the disruption of health care on a global scale. With Italy tangled up in the pandemic response, oncology care has been largely diverted and cancer screenings suspended. Our multicenter Italian study aimed to evaluate whether COVID-19 has impacted access to diagnosis, staging, and treatment for patients newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC), compared with pre-pandemic time.MethodsAll consecutive new CRC patients referred to 8 Italian oncology institutions between March and December 2020 were included. Access rate and temporal intervals between date of symptoms onset, radiological and cytohistological diagnosis, treatment start and first radiological evaluation were analyzed and compared with the same months of 2019.ResultsA reduction (29%) in newly diagnosed CRC cases was seen when compared with 2019 (360 vs 506). New CRC patients in 2020 were less likely to be diagnosed with early stage (stages I-II-III) CRC (63% vs 78%, P &lt; .01). Gender and sidedness were similar regardless of the year. The percentage of tumors with any mutation among BRAF, NRAS, and KRAS genes were significantly different between the 2 years (61% in 2020 vs 50% in 2019, P = .04). Timing of access to cancer diagnosis, staging, and treatment for patients with CRC has not been negatively affected by the pandemic. Significantly shorter temporal intervals were observed between symptom onset and first oncological appointment (69 vs 79 days, P = .01) and between histological diagnosis and first oncological appointment (34 vs 42 days, P &lt; .01) during 2020 compared with 2019. Fewer CRC cases were discussed in multidisciplinary meetings during 2020 (38% vs 50%, P = .01).ConclusionsOur data highlight a significant drop in CRC diagnosis after COVID-19, especially for early stage disease. The study also reveals a remarkable setback in the multidisciplinary management of patients with CRC. Despite this, Italian oncologists were able to ensure diagnostic–therapeutic pathways proper operation after March 2020.
Pleiotropic opposing dominance within a color gene block contributes to a nascent species boundary via its influence on hybrid male territorial behavior
Authors: de Zwaan Devin R , Mackenzie Jacqueline , Mikkelsen Else , Wood Chris , Wang Silu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The divergence of plumage color genes contributes to songbird radiation. However, the mechanisms by which color gene divergence counteracts gene flow to maintain reproductive isolation during the formation of new species boundaries remain elusive. The hybrid zone between Setophaga occidentalis (SOCC) and S. townsendi (STOW) in the Cascade Range provides a natural observatory to investigate potential behavioral mechanisms underlying divergent selection on color genes. Recently, we found that selection within a single gene block associated with plumage color variation has maintained a stable and narrow hybrid zone. Here, we investigated the potential role of plumage signals in moderating a behavioral mechanism of selection. Specifically, we assessed whether two plumage traits are associated with body size among breeding males and if trait mismatch predicted aggressive behavior within hybrid and parental individuals in response to simulated territorial intrusion. The two plumage signals, cheek and flank coloration, though associated with the same gene block, reflect opposing dominance of SOCC and STOW alleles. We found that both plumage traits significantly predict the body size in the territorial sex (i.e. males). The opposing dominance of the single color gene block resulted in plumage signal discordance in heterozygotes, which in turn was associated with reduced hybrid territorial performance, an important proxy of fitness in this system. Taken together, these observations point to a single-locus-two-alleles mechanism of incompatibility in shaping a natural species boundary in the early stage of speciation.
Strengthening the university third mission through building community capabilities alongside university capabilities
Authors: Petersen Il-haam , Kruss Glenda , van Rheede Nicole 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Growing concern about widening inequalities and a deepening sustainability crisis has prompted new directions and conceptions of the third mission of universities. This paper contributes by drawing attention to the capabilities required to enable mutually-beneficial engagement with community-based partners in resource-poor local settings to not only co-produce scholarly outputs but also co-produce development outcomes. Based on in-depth case study research of three resource-poor communities in South Africa, we identify a set of capabilities that communities need to possess to seek out and engage with suitable partners and to co-learn through their engagement activities. We propose a new framework, a community ‘dynamic interactive capabilities’ (von Tunzelmann and Wang, 2003) framework, extending the concept from firms and universities to local community settings. The framework prompts a fresh way of thinking about the third mission, whereby universities orient their engaged teaching and research activities in ways co-evolved with the capabilities of community partners.