bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects for studies of $${D^{*0}} \rightarrow {\mu ^+}{\mu ^-}$$ and $${B^{{*0}}_{(s)}}\rightarrow {\mu ^+}{\mu ^-}$$ decays
Authors: Abudinén F. , Blake T. , Egede U. , Gershon T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWeak decays of the vector $${{D} ^*} ^0$$

D

∗

0

and $${{B} ^{*0}_{({s})}} $$

B

(
s
)

∗
0

mesons to the $${\mu ^+\mu ^-} $$

μ
+

μ
-

final state provide novel potential to test the Standard Model of particle physics. Such processes have extremely small branching fractions as the vector mesons are able to decay through electromagnetic and (for the $${{D} ^*} ^0$$

D

∗

0

meson) strong interactions. Nonetheless, the production of copious quantities of these particles in LHC collisions, and the ability to exploit experimental techniques that can suppress background to low levels, provides good potential to reach interesting sensitivity. The possibility to reconstruct these processes as part of the decay chain of $${{{B} ^-}} $$

B

-

or $${{B} _{c} ^+} $$

B

c

+

mesons appears particularly attractive due to the clean experimental signature of the displaced vertex. Indeed, published LHCb data on $${{{B} ^-}} \rightarrow {{\pi } ^-} {\mu ^+\mu ^-} $$

B

-

→

π

-

μ
+

μ
-

decays already implies a stringent limit on the branching fraction of $${{D} ^{*0}} \rightarrow {\mu ^+\mu ^-} $$

D

∗
0

→

μ
+

μ
-

. Estimates are made on the achievable sensitivity to $${{D} ^{*0}} \rightarrow {\mu ^+\mu ^-} $$

D

∗
0

→

μ
+

μ
-

and $${{B} ^{*0}_{({s})}} \rightarrow {\mu ^+\mu ^-} $$

B

(
s
)

∗
0

→

μ
+

μ
-

decays with the LHCb experiment.
Understanding Structural and Molecular Properties of Liquid Crystal Dimers: A Density Functional Approach
Authors: Kumar Anant 
Published: May 2022

Liquid crystals are molecular systems that exhibit partial ordering of molecules similar to solids while maintaining the ability to flow like liquids. Depending upon the amount of ordering in the material, there are many types of liquid crystalline phases. The nematic phase is the most common and technologically most important one due to its use in display applications. In the nematic phase, the molecules tend to have the same alignment, but their positions are not correlated. In part due to fundamental scientific interest and driven by new technological motivations apart from displays, the existence of new stable nematics has been continuously searched. The continuing search led to a recent discovery of a new type of nematic phase, 1 , 2 known as the twist-bend nematic (Ntb), in certain bent-shaped liquid crystal dimers that have been supported by various independent experimental studies. Since the Ntb phase has been discovered recently, its properties have not been fully explored and a detailed description and understanding at the molecular level are still far from complete. 3 The Ntb phase’s formation is highly sensitive to any slight changes in the molecular shape arising from the chemical makeup of the linking spacer, terminal moieties and mesogenic units. 4 , Such structural features are not accessible directly through experiments. Thus, in this work, we present a set of DFT calculations on a series of liquid crystal dimers. This work aims to probe the role of certain structural features in driving the formation of the Ntb phase. This study also reveals why this phase occurs in certain bent molecules, but not in all. Since the constituent molecules are flexible and exist in a range of conformers, comparing the conformational landscapes of the dimers-exhibiting-the-Ntb-phase against those-do-not would identify the molecular conformations promoting the formation of the Ntb phase. Overall, this study evaluates ideal molecular structural features and conformational ensembles potentially responsible for the appearance of the Ntb phase.
Entropy in Biochemical Failure
Authors: Hallford Randal 
Published: May 2022

The ab-initio determination of the thermodynamic properties of the hydrolysis of the GTP gamma-phosphate in normal and abnormal cell functions of the RAS protein mutant Thr (Q61) leads to a description of energy cycle deviations in the abnormal mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. 1 A predictive non-equilibrium probability statement describing the nonlinear changes for these open and finite-lifetime systems follows from reasonable enthalpy and entropy values between the normal and mutated forms based on structures of the GTPase states at the allosteric site. Recent advances in understanding entropy in terms of asymmetric and highly entropic catalysis lead to an investigation of the GTPase entropy, specifically with regard to a failure in catalysis of the phosphate fragment by a water hydrogen positioned by the enzyme. 2 Utilizing a simple atomic metal catalyst surface displacement model, a paradigm that reduces noise from the quantum entanglement plus atomic displacement terms results in the process entropy. The evaluation of entropies within the mixed ionic, covalent and entangled system requires a nonlinear Markovian approach utilizing von Neumann entropies achieved by a systematic accumulation of entangled potentials in a step-wise method. 3 , 4 Determination of the Hamiltonian for the entangled atomic state includes pure and mixed quantum states solved within the Araki–Leib triangle boundary resulting in only hard-entangled states, and the entanglement of Coulombic and Laughlin-like states can be evaluated by slicing the Hilbert spaces and solving the pure states, or mixed states separately, and then summing them. 5 Incorporating the resulting entanglement potentials as well as the Coulombic atomic displacement states into a derivative of the Fokker–Planck equation results in generated and produced entropy. 6
Sbk2, a Newly Discovered Atrium-Enriched Regulator of Sarcomere Integrity
Authors: van Gorp Pim R.R. , Zhang Juan , Liu Jia , Tsonaka Roula , Mei Hailiang , Dekker Sven O. , Bart Cindy I. , De Coster Tim , Post Harm , Heck Albert J.R. , Schalij Martin J. , Atsma Douwe E. , Pijnappels Daniël A. , de Vries Antoine A.F. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Heart development relies on tight spatiotemporal control of cardiac gene expression. Genes involved in this intricate process have been identified using animals and pluripotent stem cell-based models of cardio(myo)genesis. Recently, the repertoire of cardiomyocyte differentiation models has been expanded with iAM-1, a monoclonal line of conditionally immortalized neonatal rat atrial myocytes (NRAMs), which allows toggling between proliferative and differentiated (ie, excitable and contractile) phenotypes in a synchronized and homogenous manner.

Methods:
In this study, the unique properties of conditionally immortalized NRAMs (iAMs) were exploited to identify and characterize (lowly expressed) genes with an as-of-yet uncharacterized role in cardiomyocyte differentiation.

Results:
Transcriptome analysis of iAM-1 cells at different stages during one cycle of differentiation and subsequent dedifferentiation identified ≈13 000 transcripts, of which the dynamic changes in expression upon cardiomyogenic differentiation mostly opposed those during dedifferentiation. Among the genes whose expression increased during differentiation and decreased during dedifferentiation were many with known (lineage-specific) functions in cardiac muscle formation. Filtering for cardiac-enriched low-abundance transcripts, identified multiple genes with an uncharacterized role during cardio(myo)genesis including Sbk2 (SH3 domain binding kinase family member 2). Sbk2 encodes an evolutionarily conserved putative serine/threonine protein kinase, whose expression is strongly up- and downregulated during iAM-1 cell differentiation and dedifferentiation, respectively. In neonatal and adult rats, the protein is muscle-specific, highly atrium-enriched, and localized around the A-band of cardiac sarcomeres. Knockdown of Sbk2 expression caused loss of sarcomeric organization in NRAMs, iAMs and their human counterparts, consistent with a decrease in sarcomeric gene expression as evinced by transcriptome and proteome analyses. Interestingly, co-immunoprecipitation using Sbk2 as bait identified possible interaction partners with diverse cellular functions (translation, intracellular trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, chromatin modification, sarcomere formation).

Conclusions:
iAM-1 cells are a relevant and suitable model to identify (lowly expressed) genes with a hitherto unidentified role in cardiomyocyte differentiation as exemplified by Sbk2: a regulator of atrial sarcomerogenesis.
The Impact of Data Latency on Operational Global Weather Forecasting
Authors: Casey Sean P. F. , Cucurull Lidia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The impact of low data latency is assessed using observations assimilated into the NCEP Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere Global Forecast System (FV3GFS). Operationally, a full dataset is used to generate short-term (9-h) forecasts used as the background state for the next cycle, and a limited dataset with fewer observations is used for long-term (16-day) forecasts due to time constraints that exist in an operational setting. In this study, the sensitivity of the global weather forecast skill to the use of the full and limited datasets in both the short- and long-term forecasts (out to 10 days only) is evaluated. The results show that using the full dataset for long-term forecasts yields a slight improvement in forecast skill, while using the limited dataset for short-term forecasts yields a significant degradation. This degradation is primarily attributed to a decrease of in situ observations rather than remotely sensed observations, though no individual observation type captures the amount of degradation noted when all observations are limited. Furthermore, limiting individual types of in situ observations (aircraft, marine, rawinsonde) does not result in the level of degradation noted when limiting all in situ observations, demonstrating the importance of data redundancy in an operational observational system.

Significance Statement
Millions of observations are used in global models every day to understand the state of the atmosphere. These observations rely on quick transmission from observation source to weather centers for inclusion in operational models. For this study, we test how different groups of observations, which arrive at the model center at different times, impact the model forecast. We find that by not using the observations that take longer to arrive at the weather centers, the forecast is much worse, showing the importance of quick transmission of observations. Direct observations (those measured within the atmosphere) have a greater impact than remote observations (those viewed from afar, such as by satellites). However, no single observation type by itself causes a poor forecast by being limited, showing the importance of using different types of observations to capture the state of the atmosphere.
Communication of Ethics – Across Cultural Boundaries
Authors: Collste Göran 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIs it possible to communicate ethics across cultural borders? Not according to representatives of “the incommensurability thesis”, who claim that values and norms are culturally bounded. This article argues against this thesis. A first problem is that cultures and traditions are seen as comprehensive, delimited, and exclusive. Normally, however, a culture develops from and is in dialogue with other cultures. Further, the inner diversity of cultures and traditions opens the possibility of communication and shared understandings across cultural borders. Finally, the teaching and discussion of cross-cultural ethics provide practical evidence of the possibility of dialogue and mutual understanding.
Associations between low parental education, childhood adversities and sickness absence in midlife public sector employees
Authors: Salonsalmi Aino , Rahkonen Ossi , Lahelma Eero , Pietiläinen Olli , Lallukka Tea 
Published: May 2022

Aims: Parental education and childhood adversities are associated with long-term work disability but their contribution to sickness absence is largely unknown. We aimed to examine the associations between parental education, childhood adversities and self-certified and medically-certified sickness absence among midlife employees. Methods: The Helsinki Health Study baseline survey data (2000–2002) of 40-to-60-year-old municipal employees were linked with sickness absence data from the employer’s register. Self-certified (1–3 days) and medically-certified (>3 days) sickness absence spells were followed from 2003 until the end of 2008. The study included 5728 employees. The analyses were made by Poisson regression and the results are presented as rate ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Low maternal education was associated with self-certified sickness absence (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13–1.55) among women only whereas both low maternal (1.49, 1.26–1.77) and low paternal education (1.48, 1.32–1.67) were associated with medically-certified sickness absence. Adjustment for own occupational class mainly abolished these associations. Having experienced any childhood adversity was associated with self-certified (1.18, 1.12–1.25) and medically-certified (1.22, 1.15–1.30) sickness absence. In addition, childhood economic difficulties, childhood illness, parental divorce, parental mental illness, parental alcohol problems and bullying were each associated both with self-certified and with medically-certified sickness absence. The associations mainly remained after adjustments for occupational class, marital status, working condition, body mass index and health behaviours. Conclusions: Low parental education and childhood adversities contributed to midlife sickness absence. Promoting well-being of families with children might help sustain adult work ability and prevent sickness absence still in midlife.
Comparison of Dynamic Limb Valgus and Stiff Landing Between Limbs with and Without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: VandenBerg Curtis D. , Katzel Mia J. , Wren Tishya A. L. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Dynamic limb valgus and stiff landing are two known risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. These biomechanical risk factors can be evaluated through motion analysis testing. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare risk scores for dynamic limb valgus and stiff landing between limbs with recent ACL reconstruction and uninjured (contralateral and control) limbs. Methods: Sports motion analysis data were reviewed for 177 pediatric patients after recent primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and 63 uninjured control subjects ages 8-17 years. 3D motion analysis data were collected while subjects performed the following sports-related tasks: heel touch from 6” or 9” step (depending if height >155 cm), drop jump from 41 cm height, lateral shuffle, forward-backwards deceleration, single leg hop, and 45° cutting. Each limb was scored for components of dynamic limb valgus (hip stability, pelvis stability, trunk stability) and stiff landing (shock absorption, hip strategy) based on the kinematic and kinetic measures in Table 1. Each scoring category was rated for each applicable task as adequate (2), borderline (1), or inadequate (0) based on values from the literature and laboratory norms. Percentage scores by scoring category were compared among reconstructed, contralateral, and control limbs using chi-square tests and ANOVA. Results: For the overall risk factors, stiff landing was worse in controls compared with both the reconstructed and contralateral limbs of patients (p<0.001), but dynamic limb valgus was worse in the ACLR limbs (p≤0.03) (Figure 1). Shock absorption (p<0.001), hip strategy (p<0.001), and trunk stability (p=0.005) differed significantly between groups. Shock absorption and hip strategy were both worse in the control group compared with the patient reconstructed and contralateral limbs, while trunk stability was best in the control group and worst in the ACLR group. Conclusion: Post-operative ACLR patients demonstrated better biomechanics than controls on both the reconstructed and contralateral limbs in terms of avoiding stiff landing, particularly through better shock absorption. This may reflect training in proper biomechanics during physical therapy and rehabilitation. ACLR limbs were worse than control limbs only in trunk stability, which can be corrected with targeted training and awareness. Motion analysis is useful for identifying risky movement patterns so biomechanics can be corrected prior to return to play. [Table: see text][Figure: see text]
Sarcoidosis of the spermatic cord – case report and literature review
Authors: Ostrowska Magdalena , Świniarski Piotr , Ostrowski Adam , Kowalski Filip Ryszard , Adamowicz Jan , Grzanka Dariusz , Drewa Tomasz Adam , Juszczak Kajetan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcoidosis is a multi-system disease characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas in various organs. The lungs remain the most frequently affected organ, whereas lesions in the genitourinary system affect around 0.2% of patients. The primary site found in the spermatic cord is extremely rare.Case presentationWe present a patient’s case where the spermatic cord involvement was the first manifestation of sarcoidosis. For several months, a number of tests had been performed, which showed, among others, non-caseating granulomas in pathomorphological material, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, and leukopenia with lymphopenia. Tumor markers were normal. Infection with urogenital pathogens (includingChlamydia Trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea,Mycoplasma hominis) was excluded. The patient did not report any general symptoms such as fever, excessive fatigue, weight loss. He denied swelling, shortness of breath. At the same time, a complete differential diagnosis was carried out, and the extent of the disease was assessed. Due to interdisciplinary management, the patient’s quality of life and fertility is preserved. In the discussion, we present the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of such patients.ConclusionSarcoidosis is a multi-system disease, which should not be omitted in the differential diagnosis. Selective excision of the lesion with intraoperative examination plays a significant role while establishing a diagnosis. However, in the primary site in the genitourinary system, the diagnosis is challenging.
Psychiatric manifestations of rare variation in medically actionable genes: a PheWAS approach
Authors: Feng Yen-Chen A. , Stanaway Ian B. , Connolly John J. , Denny Joshua C. , Luo Yuan , Weng Chunhua , Wei Wei-Qi , Weiss Scott T. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Smoller Jordan W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
As genomic sequencing moves closer to clinical implementation, there has been an increasing acceptance of returning incidental findings to research participants and patients for mutations in highly penetrant, medically actionable genes. A curated list of genes has been recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) for return of incidental findings. However, the pleiotropic effects of these genes are not fully known. Such effects could complicate genetic counseling when returning incidental findings. In particular, there has been no systematic evaluation of psychiatric manifestations associated with rare variation in these genes.

Results
Here, we leveraged a targeted sequence panel and real-world electronic health records from the eMERGE network to assess the burden of rare variation in the ACMG-56 genes and two psychiatric-associated genes (CACNA1C and TCF4) across common mental health conditions in 15,181 individuals of European descent. As a positive control, we showed that this approach replicated the established association between rare mutations in LDLR and hypercholesterolemia with no visible inflation from population stratification. However, we did not identify any genes significantly enriched with rare deleterious variants that confer risk for common psychiatric disorders after correction for multiple testing. Suggestive associations were observed between depression and rare coding variation in PTEN (P = 1.5 × 10–4), LDLR (P = 3.6 × 10–4), and CACNA1S (P = 5.8 × 10–4). We also observed nominal associations between rare variants in KCNQ1 and substance use disorders (P = 2.4 × 10–4), and APOB and tobacco use disorder (P = 1.1 × 10–3).

Conclusions
Our results do not support an association between psychiatric disorders and incidental findings in medically actionable gene mutations, but power was limited with the available sample sizes. Given the phenotypic and genetic complexity of psychiatric phenotypes, future work will require a much larger sequencing dataset to determine whether incidental findings in these genes have implications for risk of psychopathology.
Revealing the novel complexity of plant long non-coding RNA by strand-specific and whole transcriptome sequencing for evolutionarily representative plant species
Authors: Zhu Yan , Chen Longxian , Hong Xiangna , Shi Han , Li Xuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous studies on plant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) lacked consistency and suffered from many factors like heterogeneous data sources and experimental protocols, different plant tissues, inconsistent bioinformatics pipelines, etc. For example, the sequencing of RNAs with poly(A) tails excluded a large portion of lncRNAs without poly(A), and use of regular RNA-sequencing technique did not distinguish transcripts’ direction for lncRNAs. The current study was designed to systematically discover and analyze lncRNAs across eight evolutionarily representative plant species, using strand-specific (directional) and whole transcriptome sequencing (RiboMinus) technique.

Results
A total of 39,945 lncRNAs (25,350 lincRNAs and 14,595 lncNATs) were identified, which showed molecular features of lncRNAs that are consistent across divergent plant species but different from those of mRNA. Further, transposable elements (TEs) were found to play key roles in the origination of lncRNA, as significantly large number of lncRNAs were found to contain TEs in gene body and promoter region, and transcription of many lncRNAs was driven by TE promoters. The lncRNA sequences were divergent even in closely related species, and most plant lncRNAs were genus/species-specific, amid rapid turnover in evolution. Evaluated with PhastCons scores, plant lncRNAs showed similar conservation level to that of intergenic sequences, suggesting that most lincRNAs were young and with short evolutionary age. INDUCED BY PHOSPHATE STARVATION (IPS) was found so far to be the only plant lncRNA group with conserved motifs, which may play important roles in the adaptation of terrestrial life during migration from aquatic to terrestrial. Most highly and specially expressed lncRNAs formed co-expression network with coding genes, and their functions were believed to be closely related to their co-expression genes.

Conclusion
The study revealed novel features and complexity of lncRNAs in plants through systematic analysis, providing important insights into the origination and evolution of plant lncRNAs.