bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The molecular basis for pore pattern morphogenesis in diatom silica
Authors: Heintze Christoph , Babenko Iaroslav , Suchanova Jirina Zackova , Skeffington Alastair , Friedrich Benjamin , Kroeger Nils 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Biomineral forming organisms produce inorganic materials with complex, genetically encoded morphologies that are unmatched by current synthetic chemistry. It is poorly understood which genes are involved in biomineral morphogenesis and how the encoded proteins guide this process. We addressed these questions using diatoms, which are paradigms for the self-assembly of hierarchically meso- and macroporous silica under mild reaction conditions. Proteomics analysis of the intracellular organelle for silica biosynthesis led to identification of new biomineralization proteins. Three of these, dAnk1-3, are largely specific to diatoms and contain a common protein-protein interaction domain (ankyrin repeats), indicating a role in coordinating assembly of the silica biomineralization machinery. Knocking out individual dank genes led to aberrations in silica biogenesis that are consistent with liquid-liquid phase separation as underlying mechanism for pore pattern morphogenesis. Our work provides an unprecedented path for the synthesis of tailored meso- and macroporous silicas using Synthetic Biology.
Polarization-controlled multifunctional polarization conversion in bilayer chiral metamaterials
Authors: Luan Weimeng , Zhang Yihao , Gao Xinzhuo , Yan Xiaona , Jin Zuanming , Ma Guohong , Yao Jianquan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a chiral metamaterial (MM) structure composed of bilayer twisted split-ring resonator (SRR) arrays is proposed and demonstrated to realize polarization-controlled, dual-directional, and multifunctional polarization conversion for terahertz (THz) waves. Simulated results show that the converter can selectively achieve linear-to-linear, or linear to left-handed circular, or linear to right-handed circular’s polarization conversion according to the polarization state and propagating direction of the incident THz wave. Stokes parameters, ellipticity, and polarized rotation angle are introduced to determine the polarization states of the output waves. The circular polarization transmission coefficients and surface current distributions at the resonance frequency points are simulated to explain and demonstrate the physical origin of polarization conversion. The proposed multifunctional converter can find potential applications in THz sensing, imaging and communication areas.
Using short knee radiographs to predict the coronal alignment after TKA: is it an accurate proxy for HKA on full-length images?
Authors: Shang Guangqian , Hu Mingwei , Guo Jianjun , Hao Xu , Xiang Shuai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The postoperative clinical outcomes has been extensively demonstrated to largely correlate with the coronal alignment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, in different studies, either the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) on a full-length radiograph or the femorotibial angle (FTA) on a short knee film was used to categorize the postoperative coronal alignment. Meanwhile, several different FTA ranges were regarded as neutral alignment in different studies. As a result, it is still unknown that how FTA on short knee films and HKA related to each other. Methods: 223 patients were included in this study and standard weight-bearing short knee films as well as full-length radiographs were acquired. The pre- and postoperative FTA, as well as the postoperative anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) and anatomical medial proximal tibial angle (aMPTA) were measured on short knee films by two orthopedic surgeons independently. On full-length films, the pre- and postoperative FTA, the pre- and postoperative HKA, as well as the postoperative mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) were also recorded by two other surgeons independently. Results: A good linear relationship between the postoperative FTA and HKA were demonstrated (r=0.86). The concordant classifications were reached 82.7%, 71.0%, and 68.2% of all patients using three previously reported FTA ranges. When analyzing the independent alignment of the tibial tray and the femoral component, 84.1% and 57.9% of all patients was reached an agreement on the classification. Conclusions: In most occasions, the consistence between the FTA and HKA in assessing the overall coronal alignment of the lower extremity and the tibial component is satisfactory. However, the postoperative full-length film is still needed to evaluate accurately measure the coronal alignment of the femoral component.
The Split Friction Model - The Isotropic Origin of the Lateral Force in Curling
Authors: Ziegler Martin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The deviation of a curling stone with 1-5 rotations in a normal game can be explained with the isotropic nature of friction.Due to isotropy, the lateral force arises as a delta of asymmetric friction forces opposite to the centripetal forces. Considering lubricant accumulation, the quadratic Stribeck-curve on the advancing side is modified to show rather constant values. Below a critical velocity difference of the two sides this will result in a curl.For few rotations, an exact calculation based on experimental measurements explains the observed deviation of roundabout 1m declining with increasing rotations.The deviation above 5 rotations can be explained considering statics and additional heuristic calculations that involve Scratch-Theory and the influence of gyroscopic precession. All this then yields a graph that also explains the observed increasing deviation up to 2m for 80 rotations.
A spatiotemporal ensemble machine learning framework for generating land use / land cover time-series maps for Europe (2000 – 2019) based on LUCAS, CORINE and GLAD Landsat
Authors: Witjes Martijn , Parente Leandro , Diemen Chris J. van , Hengl Tomislav , Landa Martin , Brodsky Lukas , Halounova Lena , Krizan Josip , Antonic Luka , Ilie Codrina M , Craciunescu Vasile , Kilibarda Milan , Antonijevic Ognjen , Glusica Luka 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A spatiotemporal machine learning framework for automated prediction and analysis of long-term Land Use / Land Cover dynamics is presented. The framework includes: (1) harmonization and preprocessing of spatial and spatiotemporal input datasets (GLAD Landsat, NPP/VIIRS) including 5 million harmonized LUCAS and CORINE Land Cover-derived training samples, (2) model building based on spatial k-fold cross-validation and hyper-parameter optimization, (3) prediction of the most probable class, class probabilities and model variance of predicted probabilities per pixel, (4) LULC change analysis on time-series of produced maps. The spatiotemporal ensemble model consists of a random forest, gradient boosted tree classifier, and an artificial neural network, with a logistic regressor as meta-learner. The results show that the most important variables for mapping LULC in Europe are: seasonal aggregates of Landsat green and near-infrared bands, multiple Landsat-derived spectral indices, long-term surface water probability, and elevation. Spatial cross-validation of the model indicates consistent performance across multiple years with overall accuracy (a weighted F1-score) of 0.49, 0.63, and 0.83 when predicting 43 (level-3), 14 (level-2), and 5 classes (level-1). Additional experiments show that spatiotemporal models generalize better to unknown years, outperforming single-year models on known-year classification by 2.7% and unknown-year classification by 3.5%. Results of the accuracy assessment using 48,365 independent test samples shows 87% match with the validation points. Results of time-series analysis (time-series of LULC probabilities and NDVI images) suggest forest loss in large parts of Sweden, the Alps, and Scotland. Positive and negative trends in NDVI in general match the land degradation and land restoration classes, with “urbanization” showing the most negative NDVI trend. An advantage of using spatiotemporal ML is that the fitted model can be used to predict LULC in years that were not included in its training dataset, allowing generalization to past and future periods, e.g. to predict LULC for years prior to 2000 and beyond 2020. The generated LULC time-series data stack (ODSE-LULC), including the training points, is publicly available via the ODSE Viewer. Functions used to prepare data and run modeling are available via the eumap library for python.
Habitat characteristics and spatial distribution of Anopheles mosquito larvae in malaria elimination settings in Dembiya District, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Tarekegn Mihretu , Tekie Habte , Wolde-hawariat Yitbarek , Dugassa Sisay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The persistence and productivity of larval habitat is a major factor that regulates adult Anopheles mosquitoes’ density and malaria transmission intensity. A study on Anopheles mosquitoes breeding habitat diversity, distribution, characteristics and larval density in different seasons across various habitat types is important to design effective larval control strategies. This study was aimed to investigate the Anopheles species composition, the productivity of larval breeding habitats, and their spatial distribution in selected localities of Dembiya District. A longitudinal study on characteristics and productivity of Anopheles larval breeding habitats was conducted from June 2018 to May 2019 in selected localities of Dembiya District. Anopheles larvae were collected using standard WHO dipper (350 ml capacity) and droppers depending on the size of the breeding habitats. Physicochemical characteristics of breeding habitats were measured and Anopheles mosquitoes were identified by using morphological keys and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Logistic regression was used to assess the association of environmental factors with the presence or absence of Anopheles mosquitoes larvae. A total of 1,629 Anopheles larvae and 185 pupae were collected from both localities. These comprise Anopheles arabiensis, An. pharoensis, An. coustani, An. christyi, An. squamosus, An. demeilloni, An. danicalicus, and An. cinereus. The highest density of Anopheles larvae was collected from at a drying water canal (14.7 ± 3.5 larvae/dip) and the lowest larval density was recorded in rain water pools (0.2 ± 0.2 larvae/dip). The presence or absence of Anopheles larvae were significantly associated with physical characteristics of the breeding habitats such as turbidity (mid turbid) (AOR = 66.03; 95% CI: 2.01-2168.24, p = 0.019) and presence of grasses (AOR = 12.62; 95% CI: 1.29-122.78, p = 0.029). This study indicated that breeding sites persist and support Anopheles mosquito breeding activities and impact malaria control and elimination programs. Incorporating vector control strategies targeting Anopheles larvae as a part of malaria intervention strategies could enhance the malaria control and elimination program in the study area.
Nintedanib reduces corticosteroid resistance pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice by increasing the expression of β3 &amp; β6 integrins
Authors: Alghamdi Doha , Eweis Hala , damanhouri zoheir 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Corticosteroid resistance pulmonary fibrosis is a major health problem. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nintedanib on corticosteroid resistance pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice.
Methods
The mice were divided into five groups 12 mice each. control group, BLM group received single dose of bleomycin (BLM), BLM + MP group received BLM and methylprednisolone (MP), BLM + NIN group received BLM and nintedanib(NIN) and BLM + NIN + MP group. The lung tissues were obtained for biochemical analysis, gene expression and histopathological examination on day 7 and day 28.
Results
after 7 days, both NIN groups showed a significant decrease in the levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interferon-gamma, lung tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Malondialdehyde and lung water content with a significant increase in the Glutathione content in lung tissues compared to MP group. After 28 days, both NIN groups showed a significant reduction in hydroxyproline, and Trans-forming Growth Factor beta lung tissues contents compared to MP group, and they showed a positive effect on the expression of β 3 &β6 integrins compared to the negative effect of MP group. Histopathologically, both NIN groups showed significant improvement compared to MP group by H&E and Masson’s trichrome stains. Immunohistochemical staining revealed negative BCL-2 expression in the cytoplasm of bronchiolar epithelium in both NIN groups after 7 and 28 days of treatment. Lung tissue morphometric studies showed significant improvement of pathological changes induced by BLM in both NIN groups.
Conclusions
Altogether, our data indicates that nintedanib overcame corticosteroid resistance pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin.
Antimicrobial effect of three recently developed restorative materials against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus casei - an in-vitro study
Authors: Srivastava Sanjeev , Mehdi Syed Haider , Chhabra Harpreet Singh , Dubey Sandeep , Singh Arohan , Shahi Tripti 
Published: May 2022

Objective : The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial efficacy of three different restorative materials against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei.
Materials and methods : In the present study agar well diffusion method was applied to evaluate and compare antimicrobial efficacy of Fuji IX (GC Tokyo,Japan), Hi-dense (Shofu Inc,Kyoto,Japan) and Beautifil II (Shofu Inc,Kyoto,Japan) against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei. Zone of inhibition was measured after at different time intervals that is 24hr,48hr,72hr and 7th day. Results: Hi-dense restorative material demonstrated the best antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans followed by Fuji IX and Beautifil II. Most effective antibacterial restorative material against Lactobacillus casei was Fuji IX. Conclusion: All the tested restorative materials in present study demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy
Key words: Antibacterial activity, Beautifil II, Fuji IX, Hi-Dense, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus mutans
Knowledge, Awareness and Practice oral health survey among parents of children with Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Patel Rutu Patel , Fernandes Shobha , Chokshi Krunal , Patel Dharati 
Published: May 2022

AIM : To investigate the oral health of pediatric cardiac patients and the parental knowledge and attitude about the importance of oral health and infective endocarditis.
MATERIAL AND METHOD:- Descriptive cross-sectional survey with total 100 CHD patients, ages 2-12 years (48 girls and 52 boys) performed with the application of a questionnaire. For each patient, demographic data, oral hygiene habits, knowledge and awareness of dental and general health, and attitudes toward professional dental care. oral hygiene and caries experience of these patients were recorded.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:-Pearson’s Chi Square test was used to observe the relation between categorical study and outcome variables
RESULT:- In the present study 43 % parents were aware of the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene in patients with CHD. Around 56% of parents were unaware of antibiotic prophylaxis for the dental procedure and 67 % of parents were unaware about the term IE. Oral hygiene of these patients is good while caries experience is higher and deft/DMFT Score, It was lower among the <5 years age group than 6 years and above and it was statistically significant.
CONCLUSION :- Parental knowledge was limited and fragmented and their attitude towards a specialized dental treatment or maintaining good oral health status was very minimal. the primary focus should be on oral hygiene instructions, dietary counseling, instructions on fluoride use and the awareness of infective endocarditis. Closer cooperation between Pediatric Dentists, Pediatric Cardiologists and Pediatrician could help improve dental care for these children.
Artifical intelligence: need to reboot dental education
Authors: Sharma Deepti , Malik Gauri , Koshy George , Koshy George , Sharma Vishal 
Published: May 2022

We are heading towards a digital era and have to brace ourselves to adapt to technological innovations. The interest in competencies, knowledge processing and measuring specific learning is accelerating throughout the world. Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly impacting the delivery of healthcare, medical education and dentistry is no exception. In dentistry, the tremendous amount of patient data requires intelligent softwares for computation and AI can be utilized for patient diagnosis, treatment planning, education and research.
The speed at which new AI technologies are developing and introduced into clinical practice, warrants equipping our graduates with necessary knowledge and skills to exploit AI technologies to maximum benefit. Dentists are always at the front foot of embracing a new technology. Hence, understanding the various concepts and the techniques involved will have a clear advantage in the future. This review is an attempt to provide a perspective on the benefits of AI in dentistry and also emphasizes on the need to bring dental education reforms to foster competency based education model and Artifical intelligence.
Plausible Correlation Between Sars-Cov2 and Periodontal Disease and Vice-versa: A Review
Authors: Bhosale Nishita 
Published: May 2022

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which affects the surrounding periodontal tissues and the primary etiological factor is the pathogenic microorganism. Apart from periodontal microbiome, various studies have shown that virome may play a role in etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Recently COVID-19 caused by the virus SARS COV-2, has raised a global emergency. This virus belongs to the family of Coronaviridae which is an RNA virus that created havoc worldwide. This virus has affected millions of people globally. Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) has been considered the main receptor for the virus entry into target cells. Oral cavity and periodontal structures are also found to have these receptors. This fact possesses a risk as SARS CoV2 can aggravate periodontal disease as well as may increase the risk of CoV2 spread or its severity. This review will give an insight about the possible correlation between COVID and periodontal disease.
KEY WORDS: COVID-19, Periodontal disease, ACE-2.
Effects of polymeric herbal gel on plaque and gingivitis a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ahuja Annapurna , Prakash Shobha , W NARAYAN , W NARAYAN 
Published: May 2022

Dental diseases are recognized as major public health problem throughout the world. Numerous epidemiological studies showed that the diseases such as tooth decay and diseases of the periodontium are among the most common afflictions of mankind. Dental plaque plays a major role in the etiology of periodontal disease: and that there is a direct relationship between the presence of dental plaque and the development of gingivitis. Various synthetic chemical agents have been evaluated over the years with respect to their antimicrobial effect in oral cavity, however, all are associated with various side effects. Thus patients are going away of modern day medicines, and they prefer using herbal ayurvedic preparations which are efficient without causing any side effects. Hence the purpose of present study was to evaluate the effects of novel herbal polymeric gel on gingival inflammation clinically and microbiologically.
Methods:
This was a split mouth clinical trial, designed for comparison of 3 treatment modalities, scaling, scaling plus novel herbal polymeric gel and only novel polymeric gel. Both sexes belonging to age group 18-55 years were included in the study. Plaque index, gingival index and gingival bleeding index were recorded at baseline, 7day, 14 day and 21 day. Microbiological assessment was done at baseline and 21 day.

Statistical analysis used: paired t test & ANOVA

Results: The results showed significant reduction in the clinical parameters within group. Between the groups, clinically there was more improvement in the group which received both scaling and topical application of herbal gel. There is significant reduction in microbial parameters from baseline to 21st day in a group which received both herbal gel and scaling.
Conclusions: Results confirmed that novel herbal polymeric gel is an effective agent for treating plaque induced gingivitis along with scaling, compared to only herbal gel application or scaling with least side effects. Further long term studies are needed to confirm effects of this gel on periodontal diseases.
The Prevalence and Pattern of Early Childhood Caries In Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh- An Observational Study
Authors: Thakur Jyoti , MOHAN SUMIT 
Published: May 2022

Background: Dental caries is a disease of teeth that results due to demineralization and destruction of organic and inorganic components of oral cavity. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious dental problem that affects infants and toddlers.

Aim: To evaluate the incidence of early childhood caries in children between 3-6 years in Bareilly city.

Materials & Method: This cross sectional study was conducted among 1000 preschool children, 536 male and 464 females between the age of 3-6 years in Bareilly city. They were examined for dmft and dmfs.

Results: Prevalence of ECC was 56.6% (566/1000). 57.1% males (n=306) were affected from ECC while 260 female subjects (56.0%) were found to be having ECC. Out of the total teeth evaluated, 2170 (94.84%) were decayed, 96 (4.19%) were missing and only 22 (1.0%) were filled. Mandibular posterior region was the most commonly affected teeth.

Conclusion: The prevalence of ECC in children aged 3-6 in Bareilly district is approximately 57% which is independent of the sex. The occlusal surface of the posterior teeth is the most common site for ECC. Dietary habits of the child, oral hygiene methods employed by the children and educational status of the mother play an important role in the incidence of ECC.
Comparative evaluation of Cention N and Amalgam in Class II posterior restorations.
Authors: Minocha Anshu , Sharma Vishal , Gupta Ashu , Sharma Neha 
Published: May 2022

Aim of the study: To compare the clinical performance of Amalgam with Cention N in Class II cavities.
Methodology : After ethical approval, fifty patients were selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria and Class II cavities were prepared and divided into two groups by simple randomization. In one group the cavities were restored with Amalgam using standard protocols and in the second group the cavities were restored with Cention N. At 1 week, 3 months and 6 months the restorations were evaluated for parameters specified by modified USPHS Criteria for dental restorations.
Conclusion: The study showed that there was no significant difference in the performance of both the materials in the given time frame. It can therefore be concluded that Cention N can be used as an alternate to Amalgam in Class II posterior restorations.