bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A green approach to clean iron stains from marble surfaces
Authors: Campanella Luigi , Cardellicchio Francesco , Dell’Aglio Emanuele , Reale Rita , Salvi Anna Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the field of cultural heritage restoration, the removal of iron corrosion stains is a difficult problem to deal with, especially in stone materials. Many studies in recent years have been aimed at finding simple and reliable methods using non-toxic chelating compounds. The search for natural non-toxic compounds is therefore of great relevance, especially in the conservation of cultural heritage, where the use of toxic chemical compounds often involves risks for the environment and human health. Following this trend, the purpose of this preliminary work was to verify the use of two proteins, Lactotransferrin (Ltf) and Ovotransferrin (Ovt), for the removal of iron-based stains on marble surfaces. The two proteins, whose high affinity for iron “in vivo” has been widely documented, were extracted from their natural matrices. The protein extracts were then immobilized using a common cellulose pulp. The poultices obtained were spread on the surfaces of artificially stained marble specimens and, after a set time, were easily removed. The effectiveness of the removal, visually evident, was detected by spectrocolorimetry and image analysis. The surface analyses, before and after the treatment, carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirmed that both proteins have a selective and effective complexing capacity for the ferric ions of rust stains.
Comparison between the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method and the Metropolis–Hastings method for coseismic fault model estimation
Authors: Yamada Taisuke , Ohno Keitaro , Ohta Yusaku 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA rapid source fault estimation and quantitative assessment of the uncertainty of the estimated model can elucidate the occurrence mechanism of earthquakes and inform disaster damage mitigation. The Bayesian statistical method that addresses the posterior distribution of unknowns using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is significant for uncertainty assessment. The Metropolis–Hastings method, especially the Random walk Metropolis–Hastings (RWMH), has many applications, including coseismic fault estimation. However, RWMH exhibits a trade-off between the transition distance and the acceptance ratio of parameter transition candidates and requires a long mixing time, particularly in solving high-dimensional problems. This necessitates a more efficient Bayesian method. In this study, we developed a fault estimation algorithm using the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) method, which is considered more efficient than the other MCMC method, but its applicability has not been sufficiently validated to estimate the coseismic fault for the first time. HMC can conduct sampling more intelligently with the gradient information of the posterior distribution. We applied our algorithm to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (MJMA 7.3), and its sampling converged in 2 × 104 samples, including 1 × 103 burn-in samples. The estimated models satisfactorily accounted for the input data; the variance reduction was approximately 88%, and the estimated fault parameters and event magnitude were consistent with those reported in previous studies. HMC could acquire similar results using only 2% of the RWMH chains. Moreover, the power spectral density (PSD) of each model parameter's Markov chain showed this method exhibited a low correlation with the subsequent sample and a long transition distance between samples. These results indicate HMC has advantages in terms of chain length than RWMH, expecting a more efficient estimation for a high-dimensional problem that requires a long mixing time or a problem using nonlinear Green’s function, which has a large computational cost.
Graphical Abstract
Efficiency of 124I radioisotope production from natural and enriched tellurium dioxide using 124Te(p,xn)124I reaction
Authors: Bzowski Paweł , Borys Damian , Gorczewski Kamil , Chmura Agnieszka , Daszewska Kinga , Gorczewska Izabela , Kastelik-Hryniewiecka Anna , Szydło Marcin , d’Amico Andrea , Sokół Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
124I Iodine (T$$_{1/2}$$

1
/
2

= 4.18 d) is the only long-life positron emitter radioisotope of iodine that may be used for both imaging and therapy as well as for 131I dosimetry. Its physical characteristics permits taking advantages of the higher Positron Emission Tomography (PET) image quality, whereas the availability of new molecules to be targeted with 124I makes it a novel innovative radiotracer probe for a specific molecular targeting.

Results
In this study Monte Carlo and SRIM/TRIM modelling was applied to predict the nuclear parameters of the 124I production process in a small medical cyclotron IBA 18/9 Cyclone. The simulation production yields for 124I and the polluting radioisotopes were calculated for the natural and enriched 124TeO2 + Al2O3 solid targets irradiated with 14.8 MeV protons. The proton beam was degraded energetically from 18 MeV with 0.2 mm Havar foil. The 124Te(p,xn)124I reactions were taken into account in the simulations. The optimal thickness of the target material was calculated using the SRIM/TRIM and Geant4 codes. The results of the simulations were compared with the experimental data obtained for the natural TeO2 +Al2O3 target. The dry distillation technique of the 124-iodine was applied.

Conclusions
The experimental efficiency for the natural Te target was better than 41% with an average thick target (>0.8 mm) yield of 1.32 MBq/μAh. Joining the Monte Carlo and experimental approaches makes it possible to optimize the methodology for the 124I production from the expensive Te enriched targets.
Susceptibility areas identification and risk assessment of debris flow using the Flow-R model: a case study of Basu County of Tibet
Authors: Xu Huange , Su Peng , Chen Qiong , Liu Fenggui , Zhou Qiang , Liu Linshan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Uncertainties exist in the magnitude and outbreak of debris flow disasters, resulting in significant loss of lives and property to human society. Improved identification of debris flow susceptibility areas can help to predict the location and sphere of influence of debris flow disaster, thus accurately assessing the risk of debris flow disaster and reducing losses caused by such a disaster. The dry-hot valleys of Basu County in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are typical areas of high debris flow incidence, mapping of debris flow susceptibility identification and regional risk assessment is needed in this area.

Results
The parameters improved Flow-R model was first applied to identify debris flow susceptibility areas in Basu county using the digital elevation model, flow accumulation, slope, plan curvature, and land use data, followed by debris flow risk assessment. The Flow-R model can output high result accuracy of high-resolution susceptibility to debris flow identification on a regional scale with less data, and its accuracy value is 87.6%, indicating that the susceptibility to regional debris flow disaster is credible. This study provides a useful basis for effective prevention of regional debris flow disasters in the future, and provides a useful method for effectively identifying the debris flow susceptibility areas and assessing the related risk in large-scale areas.

Conclusions
(1) The debris flow susceptibility areas in Basu County covered 97.04 km2 (0.79% of the study area), distributed mainly in the Nujiang River Valley, Lengqu tributaries, and both sides of National Highway 318. (2) The debris flow susceptibility areas were dominant in zones characterized by an altitude range of 3000–4000 m, a plane curvature of − 2/100 m−1 to 1/100 m−1, and a low slope of 20°–40°. In addition, the susceptibility areas were dominant in the unused land and less prevalent in the water area. The highest and lowest susceptibility values were observed for cultivated and unused lands, respectively. (3) The debris flow risk in the study areas accounted for 0.82 km2 and revealed a distribution of high-risk debris flow along roads. The areas with a high debris flow risk were mainly distributed along the mainstream of the Nujiang River, which is the main future protected area.
A case in which the ileocolic vein draining into the gastrocolic trunk of Henle could be diagnosed preoperatively: a rare anatomical case report
Authors: Mizumoto Rie , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Mori Soichiro , Nishida Kentaro , Yasuyama Akinobu , Nomura Masatoshi , Yoshikawa Yukihiro , Sueda Toshinori , Matsumura Tae , Koga Chikato , Miyagaki Hiromichi , Tsujie Masanori , Akamaru Yusuke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Numerous variations in vascular anatomy have been reported in the right colon. The ileocolic vein (ICV) generally drains directly into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), and is an important landmark for laparoscopic surgery in right colon cancer. We present here a patient with a vascular anomaly of the ICV that was diagnosed on preoperative imaging.

Case presentation
A 65-year-old woman was diagnosed with transverse colon cancer by colonoscopy. Preoperative computed tomography scan showed that the ICV drained into the gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GCT) rather than the SMV. Single-incision laparoscopic transverse colectomy with D3 lymph node dissection was performed, dividing the middle colic vein (MCV) and preserving the right gastroepiploic vein (RGEV), anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein (ASPDV), GCT and ICV. The intraoperatively identified venous anatomy was consistent with the preoperative evaluation, and the RGEV, ASPDV and ICV were found to form the GCT.

Conclusion
We report a rare vascular anatomical anomaly that was diagnosed preoperatively, facilitating safe and successful single-incision laparoscopic surgery with D3 lymph node dissection.
DeepPricing: pricing convertible bonds based on financial time-series generative adversarial networks
Authors: Tan Xiaoyu , Zhang Zili , Zhao Xuejun , Wang Shuyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConvertible bonds are an important segment of the corporate bond market, however, as hybrid instruments, convertible bonds are difficult to value because they depend on variables related to the underlying stock, the fixed-income part, and the interaction between these components. Besides, embedded options, such as conversion, call, and put provisions are often restricted to certain periods, may vary over time, and are subject to additional path-dependent features of the state variables. Moreover, the most challenging problem in convertible bond valuation is the underlying stock return process modeling as it retains various complex statistical properties. In this paper, we propose DeepPricing, a novel data-driven convertible bonds pricing model, which is inspired by the recent success of generative adversarial networks (GAN), to address the above challenges. The method introduces a new financial time-series generative adversarial networks (FinGAN), which is able to reproduce risk-neutral stock return process that retains the unique statistical properties such as the fat-tailed distributions, the long-range dependence, and the asymmetry structure etc., and then transit to its risk-neutral distribution. Thus it is more flexible and accurate to capture the dynamics of the underlying stock return process and keep the rich set of real-world convertible bond specifications compared with previous model-driven models. The experiments on the Chinese convertible bond market demonstrate the effectiveness of DeepPricing model. Compared with the convertible bond market prices, our model has a better convertible bonds pricing performance than both model-driven models, i.e. Black-Scholes, the constant elasticity of variance, GARCH, and the state-of-the-art GAN-based models, i.e. FinGAN-MLP, FinGAN-LSTM. Moreover, our model has a better fitting capacity for higher-volatility convertible bonds and the overall convertible bond market implied volatility smirk, especially for equity-liked convertible bonds, convertible bonds trading in the bull market, and out-of-the-money convertible bonds. Furthermore, the Long-Short and Long-Only investment strategies based on our model earn a significant annualized return with 41.16% and 31.06%, respectively, for the equally-weighted portfolio during the sample period.
HLA-A*03, the hemochromatosis ancestral haplotype, and phenotypes of referred hemochromatosis probands with HFE p.C282Y homozygosity
Authors: Barton James C. , Barton J. Clayborn , Acton Ronald T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*03, hemochromatosis ancestral haplotype marker, was associated with greater iron overload in hemochromatosis cohorts reported before discovery of theHFEgene. We sought to learn whether an A*03-linked locus influences phenotypes in referredHFEp.C282Y homozygotes.MethodsWe tabulated these phenotypes in probands with p.C282Y homozygosity: age, transferrin saturation (TS), serum ferritin (SF), conditions related to iron overload, fibrosis-four variables (FIB-4) index and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) predictors of severe hepatic fibrosis, and iron removed to achieve depletion (QFe/age). We analyzed phenotypes of men and women separately across three A*03 subgroups.ResultsThere were 104 men (57.8%) and 76 women (42.2%). Mean age (SD) was 49 ± 13 y. Mean TS was 79 ± 17%. Median SF (range) was 715 µg/L (28, 6103). Related conditions included: hemochromatosis arthropathy (21.7%); type 2 diabetes (18.9%); hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (5.8% of men); cardiomyopathy (0%); and cirrhosis (10.0%). Median QFe/age was 61 mg/y (0, 714). A*03 homozygosity, heterozygosity, and no A*03 occurred in 37 (20.6%), 104 (57.8%), and 39 probands (21.7%), respectively. In men, mean TS and median SF were significantly higher in A*03 homozygotes than heterozygotes but not A*03-negative probands. In men, median APRI was significantly lower in A*03 heterozygotes than homozygotes and A*03-negative probands. No other phenotypes, including QFe/age, differed significantly across A*03 subgroups in either men or women.ConclusionsOur results suggest that an A*03-linked locus does not influence phenotypes in referredHFEp.C282Y homozygotes. It is unlikely that heritable factors that modify phenotypes of p.C282Y homozygotes are linked to the hemochromatosis ancestral haplotype.
Exploring the relationships between composite scores of disease severity, seizure-freedom and quality of life in Dravet syndrome
Authors: Strzelczyk Adam , Kurlemann Gerhard , Bast Thomas , Bettendorf Ulrich , Kluger Gerhard , Mayer Thomas , Neubauer Bernd A. , Polster Tilman , von Spiczak Sarah , Trollmann Regina , Wolff Markus , Toward Toby , Gruenert Jens , Gibson Eddie , Pritchard Clive , Carroll Joe , Rosenow Felix , Schubert-Bast Susanne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In Dravet syndrome (DS), a rare epileptic and developmental encephalopathy, the effectiveness of a new treatment is predominantly measured in terms of seizure frequency. However, this may not fully capture the impact of a treatment on the broader aspects of the syndrome and patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Using a previously published survey which collected data from DS patients and their carers on the broader manifestations of their syndrome, their HRQoL, and their experience of seizures, this study created composite measures of symptom severity to offer new perspectives on the multifaceted aspects of this rare condition.

Methods
Survey responses on the severity of physical and psychosocial symptoms were combined with independent assessments of disability and care need, to generate three composite symptom scores assessing the manifestations of DS (physical, psychosocial and care requirements). Variation in HRQoL was investigated in multiple regression analyses to assess the strength of association between each of these composite measures and three forms of seizure measures (seizure frequency, days with no seizures and longest interval without seizures), as experienced over a 4- and 12-week period.

Results
Composite scores were calculated for a cohort of 75 primarily paediatric patients who were enrolled in the study. Strong associations were found between each of the three composite symptom scores and each of the three seizure measures, with the regression coefficient on symptom score highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) in all nine comparisons. Separate regressions using predictors of HRQoL (Kiddy KINDL and Kid KINDL) as the dependent variable were inconclusive, identifying only behavioural/attention problems and status epilepticus as significant predictors of HRQoL.

Conclusions
These results allow the development of a composite score that may be useful in developing a clinical understanding of the severity of DS for an individual patient and establishing their treatment goals. Where measurement of long-term sequalae of disease is not feasible, such as clinical trials, correlation of the composite score with experience of seizures and seizure-free periods may allow a better contextualisation of the results of short-term assessments.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), DRKS00011894. Registered 16 March 2017, http://www.drks.de/ DRKS00011894.
Reducing PAPR of OFDM signals using a tone reservation method based on $$\ell_{\infty }$$-norm minimization
Authors: Kiambi Stephen , Mwangi Elijah , Kamucha George 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) continues to be the most preferred signal-multiplexing scheme for high-speed data communication. However, OFDM signals are known to have the problem of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), especially when the number of subcarriers is large, which leads to nonlinear amplification in the high power amplifier and consequently to bit-error rate degradation and out-of-band radiation. In this paper, we propose a new optimal tone reservation method for reducing high PAPR in OFDM signals in order to avoid nonlinear amplification effects. The method employs Chebyshev-norm minimization to determine peak-reduction coefficients for OFDM signal. Simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve high PAPR reduction at the expense of a small loss in data rate and a slight increase in average transmit power. For example, with 4 out of 64 subcarriers reserved for peak-reduction coefficients, which represents 6.25% data-rate loss, the method can achieve 4.06 dB of PAPR reduction with only a 0.46 dB increase in average transmit power. Similarly, when 8 subcarriers or 12.5% of the total number of subcarriers are reserved, a PAPR reduction of 5.75 dB is achieved with a paltry 0.19 dB rise in transmit power.
Trash Taxonomy Tool: harmonizing classification systems used to describe trash in environments
Authors: Hapich Hannah , Cowger Win , Gray Andrew , Tangri Neil , Hale Tony , Magdy Amr , Vermilye Antoinette , Yu Walter , Ayres Dick , Moore Charles , Vermilye John , Singh Samiksha , Haiman Aaron N. K. , Youngblood Kathryn , Kang Yunfan , McCauley Margaret , Lok Trevor , Moore Shelly , Baggs Eric , Lippiatt Sherry , Kohler Peter , Conley Gary , Taing Janna , Mock Jeremiah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite global efforts to monitor, mitigate against, and prevent trash (mismanaged solid waste) pollution, no harmonized trash typology system has been widely adopted worldwide. This impedes the merging of datasets and comparative analyses. We addressed this problem by 1) assessing the state of trash typology and comparability, 2) developing a standardized and harmonized framework of relational tables and tools, and 3) informing practitioners about challenges and potential solutions. We analyzed 68 trash survey lists to assess similarities and differences in classification. We created comprehensive harmonized hierarchical tables and alias tables for item and material classes. On average, the 68 survey lists had 20.8% of item classes in common and 29.9% of material classes in common. Multiple correspondence analysis showed that the 68 surveys were not significantly different regarding organization type, ecosystem focus, or substrate focus. We built the Trash Taxonomy Tool (TTT) web-based application with query features and open access at openanalysis.org/trashtaxonomy. The TTT can be applied to improve, create, and compare trash surveys, and provides practitioners with tools to integrate datasets and maximize comparability. The use of TTT will ultimately facilitate improvements in assessing trends across space and time, identifying targets for mitigation, evaluating the effectiveness of prevention measures, informing policymaking, and holding producers responsible.
Anesthetic management of carotid endarterectomy: an update from Italian guidelines
Authors: Bevilacqua Sergio , Ticozzelli Giulia , Orso Massimiliano , Alba Giuseppe , Capoccia Laura , Cappelli Alessandro , Cernetti Carlo , Diomedi Marina , Dorigo Walter , Faggioli Gianluca , Giannace Giovanni , Giannandrea David , Giannetta Matteo , Lessiani Gianfranco , Marone Enrico Maria , Mazzaccaro Daniela , Migliacci Rino , Nano Giovanni , Pagliariccio Gabriele , Petruzzellis Marco , Plutino Andrea , Pomatto Sara , Pulli Raffaele , Sirignano Pasqualino , Vacirca Andrea , Visco Emanuele , Moghadam Shadeh Parsapour , Lanza Gaetano , Lanza Jessica 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
In order to systematically review the latest evidence on anesthesia, intraoperative neurologic monitoring, postoperative heparin reversal, and postoperative blood pressure management for carotid endarterectomy. The present review is based on a single chapter of the Italian Health Institute Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of extracranial carotid stenosis and stroke prevention.

Methods and results
A systematic article review focused on the previously cited topics published between January 2016 and October 2020 has been performed; we looked for both primary and secondary studies in the extensive archive of Medline/PubMed and Cochrane library databases.
We selected 14 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 13 randomized controlled trials, 8 observational studies, and 1 narrative review. Based on this analysis, syntheses of the available evidence were shared and recommendations were indicated complying with the GRADE-SIGN version methodology.

Conclusions
From this up-to-date analysis, it has emerged that any type of anesthesia and neurological monitoring method is related to a better outcome after carotid endarterectomy. In addition, insufficient evidence was found to justify reversal or no-reversal of heparin at the end of surgery. Furthermore, despite a low evidence level, a suggestion for blood pressure monitoring in the postoperative period was formulated.