bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chickenpox Outbreak Investigation in Assabain District, Sana’a City, Yemen, January to February 2019
Authors: Al-Tbali Jarallah , Anam Labiba , Al-Jamrah Khaled Mohammed , Abdul Moaen Faris 
Published: January 2022

Background
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox. The epidemiological profile of chickenpox varies considerably across countries, health care systems, and immunization policies. In Yemen, chickenpox remains an important public health issue and outbreaks are not uncommon since vaccination is not universal. On February 23, 2019, a medical doctor from the Al Kafji area of the Assabain district notified the Ministry of Public Health and Population of a chickenpox infection among his family members and neighbors.

Objective
The aim of this study was to confirm the existence of a chickenpox outbreak, describe the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak, and recommend prevention and control measures.

Methods
A door-to-door search was performed for case finding and line listing with detailed epidemiological, clinical, and vaccination history collected. Four blood samples were collected and sent for laboratory confirmation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed with Epi info 7.2.

Results
A total of 26 cases met the case definition. The outbreak started on January 19, 2019, at one house and was then transmitted to the 2nd and 3rd neighboring houses. The Epi curve showed three peaks, with one peak for each affected house. The index case was an 11-year-old male. The overall attack rate was 34% and the highest attack rate of 56% was found in the 3rd house. More than half (58%) of cases were females and 46% were found in children in the age group of 10-14 years. All cases included symptoms of a rash with itching, 46% of cases had vesicular lesions, and 42% had <50 lesions. Overall, 8% of the cases had complications (ie, pneumonia). Approximately 25% of samples were IgM-positive. All cases were in unvaccinated individuals.

Conclusions
A chickenpox outbreak in the Al Kafji area of the Assabain district was confirmed. Females were more affected than males. Introducing the chickenpox vaccine as part of routine immunizations, and increasing community awareness about the mode of transmission and control measures for prevention are recommended.
EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL MARKETING AND LIFESTYLE ON CUSTOMERS DECISIONS IN PRODUCTS CHOOSING OF MURABAHAH FINANCING AT PT BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI KC PALEMBANG SIMPANG PATAL
Authors: Cepaldo Cepaldo , Rika Rika Lidyah , Ariyanti Ariyanti 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to analyze and know how the influence of emotional marketing and lifestyle on customers decisions in choosing products of murabahah financing at PT Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Palembang Simpang Patal in partial and simultan. This research study is ( explanatory research ) using a quantitative approach. Source of data in this research use the primary data through questionnaire .The sample collection technique used is a method of purposive sampling, with the multiple regression analysis methods included in this research is 100 respondents who use murabahah financing at PT Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Palembang Simpang Patal. In this research data analysis techniques used SPSS 17.0 version. The research variables consist of the independent variable: 1.emotional marketing 2.lifestyle and the independent variable used the customers .The result show the research indicated that the emotional marketing and lifestyle significantly influence on customers decisions in choosing of the murabahah financing at PT Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Palembang Simpang patal.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Impact on Hypoglycemia Confidence and Fear
Authors: Teasdale Stephanie L. , Griffin Alison , Barrett Helen L. , Coutts Clare , Vitanza Margaret , Headey Alan 
Published: January 2022

Background
Fear of hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes has a detrimental effect on glycemic control and quality of life. The association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and hypoglycemia confidence and fear has not previously been assessed in the young adult population.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study using questionnaires to assess the impact of CGM on hypoglycemia confidence (using the Hypoglycemia Confidence Scale [HCS]) and hypoglycemia fear (using the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey II [HFS]) in 40 young adults with a preexisting diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Results
Scores on the HCS were greater at baseline for those with a longer duration of diabetes. Participants with higher general anxiety scores on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale had higher hypoglycemia fear at baseline (total score and worry component, but not behavior component of the HFS). Between baseline and follow-up, HCS scores increased on average by 0.2 (95% CI 0.1–0.4, P = 0.01) on a scale of 1–4. HFS scores decreased by 1.8 (95% CI −3.0 to −0.5, P = 0.006) on a scale of 0–24 for the worry component and by 2.5 (95% CI −4.4 to −0.6, P = 0.01) on a scale of 0–44 for total (worry + behavior components). At follow up, 83% of participants planned to continue using CGM all or most of the time. There was a very high self-reported effect of CGM on life with diabetes (median 8.0 [interquartile range 6.5–10.0], where 10 indicated a very big difference).

Conclusion
Hypoglycemia confidence and fear improve with CGM use in young adults.
Adoption of deep learning Markov model combined with copula function in portfolio risk measurement
Authors: Li Liangxiong , Muwafak Bishr Muhamed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to accurately describe the risk dependence structure and correlation between financial variables, carry out scientific financial risk assessment, and provide the basis for accurate financial decision-making, first the basic theory of Copula function is established and the mixed Copula model is constructed. Then the hybrid Copula model is nested in a hidden Markov model (HMM), the risk dependences among banking, insurance, securities and trust industries are analysed, and the Copula–Garch model is constructed for empirical analysis of investment portfolio. Finally, the deep learning Markov model is adopted to predict the financial index. The results show that the mixed Copula model based on HMM is more effective than the single Copula and the mixed Copula models. The empirical structure shows that among the four major financial industries in China, the banking and insurance industries have strong interdependence and high probability of risk contagion. The investment failure rate under 95%, 97.5% and 99% confidence intervals calculated by Copula–Garch model are 4.53%, 2.17% and 1.08%, respectively. Moreover, the errors of deep learning Markov model in stock price prediction of Shanghai Pudong Development Bank (sh600000), Guizhou Moutai (sh600519) and China Ping An Insurance (sh601318) are 2.56%, 2.98% and 3.56% respectively, which indicates that the four major financial industries in China have strong interdependence and risk contagion, so that the macro or systemic risks may arise, and the deep-learning Markov model can be adopted to predict the stock prices.
Inadvertent implications of climate change for butterflies
Authors: Gopinath Rajesh , Ram Aadarsa V. R. , Sengupta Ashok 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Climate change is one of the leading challenges of this century with an impending threat to wipe out more vital butterfly species than ever before. Climate shift has the potential to affect their life cycles, flight times, essential bio-interactions, and ultimately survival. As the first such study in India, this case study highlights the inferential discussion on the importance of butterflies in maintaining the earth’s fragile ecological balance and consequently the impact of climate change upon them with inadvertent implications. Due to the shifting climate, a number of butterfly species are now migrating to newer places in their search for comfortable temperature and availability of food, as the reduction/loss/change of habitat lowers the diversity of microclimates and availability of food plants for larvae and adult butterflies. Consequently, the butterflies become even more vulnerable to natural perturbations and susceptible to predators and local extinctions.
Understanding the influence of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna
unguiculata L. Walp) growth period on some thermal and hydrological properties of two soils with textural class variation
Authors: Akingbola O. O. , Akinbile C. O. , Ojeniyi S. O. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Adequate knowledge of soil processes is key to ensuring sustainability. Towards a better understanding of some thermal and hydrological processes that take place in the soil as a result of the growth period of maize and cowpea, a concurrent research was carried out in two different locations with soil textural variation (sandy clay loam and clay loam) at the Federal University of Technology, Akure. The treatment consisted of bare soil plot, cowpea plot, and maize plot arranged in a randomized complete block design in three replicates. The same weed management practice was carried out on all treatment plots throughout the duration of the study. Data were collected at 4 weeks after planting (WAP), 8 WAP, and 12 WAP, during which the dry bulk density, mass wetness, volumetric infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity, sorptivity, soil temperature, total energy emitted, wavelength of maximal radiation intensity, and energy flux were determined. The results showed that growing maize and cowpea had no significant influence (P > 0.05) on the soil properties measured in the SCL soil. However, significant difference was noticed in the CL soil at 8 WAP; the crops grown prevented the formation of excess soil seal and crust when compared to the bare soil plot. This study shows that soil textural property greatly influences hydrological and thermal processes in the soil during the maize and cowpea growth period.
Evolution of quality parameters of different lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties under unheated plastic tunnel
Authors: Madar Ágota Kovácsné , Hájos Mária Takácsné 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The plastic tunnel can ensure a positive effect on the yield and quality of vegetables. In our experiment, we evaluated the following types and varieties of lettuce – heading type (‘Great Lakes 659’, ‘King of May’), non-heading type (‘Lollo Rossa’, ‘Lollo Bionda’), and cos type (‘Romaine lettuce’). The highest head weight was detected in ‘Great Lakes 659’ (373.97 g plant−1) and ‘Romaine lettuce’ (266.79 g plant−1) under an unheated plastic tunnel in springtime. Higher nitrate content (565.0 mg kg−1) was measured for ‘cos lettuce’, while lower values (425.50 mg kg−1) were measured for ‘Lollo Bionda’. Among the varieties, one of the highest dry matter content was also measured for ‘Great Lakes 659’ (8.52%). According to our results for lettuce production, ‘Great Lakes 659’ was detected as having a higher yield and dry matter content and a lower nitrate accumulation.
Field performance and survival of cocoa seedlings raised in different growing media
Authors: Akpalu M. M. , Ofosu-Budu G. K. , Kumaga F. K. , Ofori K. , Mintah L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The medium from which seedlings are transplanted influences seedling growth and survival on the field. The objective of the experiment was to compare how growing media affect the growth and survival of cocoa seedlings under field conditions. The seedlings were raised in both soil and soilless media and were transplanted on the field in June, when they were six months old. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three different growing media: 1. top soil, 2. sawdust + poultry manure + rice husk biochar (70%:25%:5%), and 3. sawdust + poultry manure + municipal solid waste compost (50%:35%:15%). The cocoa seedlings were transplanted at a spacing of 3 m × 3 m at 12 plants per plot and each plot size measured 45 m × 45 m. Data were collected on plant height, leaf number, stem girth, leaf chlorophyll content, percentage of plants that shed their leaves, and percentage of survival. Results indicated that seedling survival at the onset and end of the dry season was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for seedlings transplanted from soilless media compared to those from the top soil treatment. Irrigation will be necessary to maintain high seedling survival when seedlings are transplanted from the top soil for a well-established plantation.
Factors Influencing the Level of Tax Literacy of Students of Bachelor Study Programmes in Economics at Faculties of Economics
Authors: Formanová Lucie , Mádr Michal , Andrlík Břetislav , Hrabalová Veronika 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the issue of tax literacy, where the aim is to identify factors that affect the level of tax literacy of students of economics at the bachelor’s degree level in the Czech Republic. Through a questionnaire survey, students’ knowledge was tested and research hypotheses were verified using statistical and econometric methods. The survey showed that the level of tax literacy of the defined sample of respondents was satisfactory. Moreover, it was found that this knowledge is mainly influenced by the factor of taking courses with a focus on tax issues and the respondent’s own perception of the level of tax literacy. Specifically, respondents who had taken a tax course or considered themselves tax literate had, on average, five percentage points higher scores on the tax literacy test. On the other hand, the gender of the respondent can be considered a statistically insignificant factor.
The cognition of the spatial art forms of tourist villages based on ecological engineering and sustainable development
Authors: Wang Di , Li Dazhuang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With the development of information technology, the improvement of production processes and lifestyles, and the transformation of commercial economic models, the traditional agricultural industry cannot meet the increasing material and cultural needs of villagers. Therefore, the development of traditional tourist villages has transformed into being based on ecological engineering and sustainable development. The starting point of the existence of such tourist villages will be the protection and development of traditional villages. At the same time, the village space is the material carrier for the development of rural tourism, and the construction of a spatial form that is compatible with the tourism resource utilization model can effectively promote the development of rural tourism. Based on SWOT analysis, this article carefully analyses and summarises the domestic research on the sustainable development of tourist villages. The results show that such sustainable development effectively avoids the excessive development of resource elements during rural construction, which can lead to waste, and promotes the optimal use of resources. Since rural tourism has taken a sustainable development path, the average annual compound growth rate has reached as high as 31.2 %, which is considered very rapid growth. Tourist operating income has reached more than 30 %. It is expected that the national rural tourism income in 2021 will exceed 10,000 trillion yuan. Tourism villages will continue to consider ecological engineering and sustainable development as the starting point for promoting the development of rural tourism in China, popularising consumption, standardising services, diversifying benefits, and making products unique.
The Strength of the Tide in the Tagus Estuary
Authors: Monteiro Patrícia Trindade 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the context of the history of science and technology, the article explores the use of tide force in the Tagus estuary, more precisely in the municipality of Seixal, from the tide mills in the early modern period to the project of the hydraulic motor in the nineteenth century. The historical knowledge of practices and devices for the intelligent use of water in Seixal is an invitation to current reflection on the use of clean and renewable energies.
Water and Enlightened Techniques: The Azuda (Waterwheel) of Aranjuez (Spain)
Authors: Romero Magdalena Merlos , Caba Victoria Soto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This investigation deals about one of the most unique constructions in the Aranjuez hydraulic engineering program. The Azuda, a waterwheel, was built in the middle of the eighteenth century in an area close to the Renaissance canal of the Embocador. First, a spatial and chronological analysis of its construction process and its typology which combines a wheel and an aqueduct, is carried out. Next, it is contextualized in the cultural tradition of the Mediterranean norias and its functions are clarified as it covered both irrigation and recreation. Finally, it is argued how the cultural landscape of Aranjeuz was enriched with a work of great aesthetic value, with classical and Muslim roots, being reinterpreted under the spirit of the Enlightenment.
Molecular Effects of Spaceflight in the Mouse Eye after Space Shuttle Mission STS-135
Authors: Theriot Corey A. , Zanello Susana B. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Exposure to long-duration microgravity leads to ocular changes in astronauts, manifested by a variety of signs and symptoms during spaceflight that in some cases persist after return to Earth. These morphological and functional changes are only partly understood and are of occupational health relevance. To investigate further into the molecular basis of the changes occurring in ocular tissue upon exposure to spaceflight, eyes were collected from male C57BL/6 mice flown on STS-135 (FLT) on landing day or from their ground control counterparts maintained at similar conditions within the Animal Enclosure Module (AEM). One eye was fixed for histological sectioning while the contralateral eye was dissected to isolate the retina for gene expression profiling. 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) staining showed a statistically significant increase in the inner nuclear layer of FLT samples compared to AEM. Gene expression analysis in isolated retina identified 139 differentially expressed genes in FLT compared to AEM control samples. The genes affected were mainly involved in pathways and processes of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, neuronal and glial cell loss, axonal degeneration, and herpes virus activation. These results suggest a concerted change in gene expression in the retina of mice flown in space, possibly leading to retinal damage, degeneration, and remodeling.
Effects of Solar Particle Event-Like Proton Radiation and/or Simulated Microgravity on Circulating Mouse Blood Cells
Authors: Romero-Weaver Ana L. , Lin Liyong , Carabe-Fernandez Alejandro , Kennedy Ann R. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Astronauts traveling in space missions outside of low Earth orbit will be exposed for longer times to a microgravity environment. In addition, the increased travel time involved in exploration class missions will result in an increased risk of exposure to significant doses of solar particle event (SPE) radiation. Both conditions could significantly affect the number of circulating blood cells. Therefore, it is critical to determine the combined effects of exposure to both microgravity and SPE radiation. The purpose of the present study was to assess these risks by evaluating the effects of SPE-like proton radiation and/or microgravity, as simulated with the hindlimb unloading (HU) system, on circulating blood cells using mouse as a model system. The results indicate that exposure to HU alone caused minimal or no significant changes in mouse circulating blood cell numbers. The exposure of mice to SPE-like proton radiation with or without HU treatment caused a significant decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes, granulocytes and platelets. The reduced numbers of circulating lymphocytes, granulocytes, and platelets, resulting from the SPE-like proton radiation exposure, with or without HU treatment, in mice suggest that astronauts participating in exploration class missions may be at greater risk of developing infections and thrombotic diseases; thus, countermeasures may be necessary for these biological endpoints.
Delaying Seed Germination and Improving Seedling Fixation: Lessons Learned During Science and Payload Verification Tests for Advanced Plant EXperiments (APEX) 02-1 in Space
Authors: Nakashima Jin , Sparks J. Alan , Carver John A. , Stephens Shawn D. , Kwon Taegun , Blancaflor Elison B. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Here we report on the science verification test (SVT) and the payload verification test (PVT) that we conducted in preparation for experiments evaluating the impact of microgravity on Arabidopsis thaliana root development and cellular structure. Hardware used for these experiments was the Advanced Biological Research System (ABRS) and Kennedy Space Center (KSC) fixation tubes (KFTs). A simple procedure to delay seed germination prior to installation on ABRS involved the construction of a metal box with a single far-red (FR) light-emitting diode (LED). The exposure of Petri dishes containing seeds (ecotype Columbia) to FR light immediately after planting and maintaining Petri dishes in the dark prevented seed germination until exposure to white light on ABRS. Additional tests revealed that germination can be delayed for up to 10 weeks with FR light treatment. Seedlings fixed in KFTs preloaded with glutaraldehyde for subsequent microscopy studies were not adequately preserved. We suspected that poor fixation was due to the extended contact of glutaraldehyde with oxygen while stored on KFTs, which likely contributed to fixative oxidation. During PVT, minor modifications to address fixation problems encountered during SVT included storing KFTs with glutaraldehyde at 4o C in the dark, increasing glutaraldehyde concentration from 3% to 5%, and bubbling nitrogen (N2) gas over the glutaraldehyde solution prior to loading the KFTs. These changes led to improvements in the quality of microscopic images. Lessons learned from SVT and PVT allowed us to optimize some of the preflight protocols needed to successfully implement Advanced Plant EXperiments (APEX) in space.