bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allgemeinmedizinische Behandlungsfälle in einer universitären Notaufnahme vor und nach Einführung eines strukturierten Ersteinschätzungssystems
Authors: Schleef Tanja , Engeleit Kristine , Krause Olaf , Schneider Nils 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In einer universitären Notaufnahme werden Patienten mit niedriger Behandlungsdringlichkeit und allgemeinmedizinisch-internistischen Beschwerden werktags durch Allgemeinärzte versorgt. Zur Festlegung der Behandlungsdringlichkeit wurde der Emergency Severity Index (ESI) eingeführt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel war es, die Auswirkung der ESI-Einführung auf die Zusammensetzung des allgemeinmedizinischen Patientenkollektivs zu untersuchen sowie die Verteilung der ESI-Kategorien bei diesen Patienten darzustellen.

Methodik
Vergleich der allgemeinmedizinisch versorgten Patienten je 6 Monate vor (t0) und nach (t1) ESI-Einführung basierend auf Routinedaten und einem vom Allgemeinarzt auszufüllenden Erhebungsbogen. Die Analyse erfolgte deskriptiv und mittels χ2-Test bzw. t‑Test.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 615 Behandlungsfälle in t0 und 751 Fälle in t1 ausgewertet. Dabei zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Alters, des Geschlechts, des Anteils der mit ärztlicher Einweisung vorstelligen Patienten oder der stationären Aufnahmen. Die ESI-Einstufung erfolgte überwiegend in die niedrigen Dringlichkeitskategorien ESI 5 (37 %) und ESI 4 (46 %), bei 8 % der Patienten in ESI 3 bzw. 2. Der prognostizierte Ressourcenbedarf stimmte für 76 % der Patienten in ESI 5, für 36 % in ESI 4 und für 44 % der Patienten in ESI 3 überein. Für 3 % der ESI-5-Patienten und 7 % der ESI-4-Patienten war eine stationäre Aufnahme erforderlich.

Diskussion
Auch bei niedriger Behandlungsdringlichkeit kann eine stationäre Aufnahme indiziert sein, zudem weisen Abweichungen vom prognostizierten Ressourcenbedarf auf Triagierungsprobleme im untersuchten Patientenkollektiv hin. Zur Steuerung von Patienten in Versorgungsstrukturen außerhalb der Notaufnahme scheint die ESI-Ersteinschätzung nicht geeignet.
Notaufnahmebesuche von Pflegeheimbewohnern: Analyse von Routinedaten einer städtischen Klinik der Schwerpunktversorgung
Authors: Hoffmann Falk , Habbinga Kirsten 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In den letzten Jahren nimmt die Inanspruchnahme von Notaufnahmen in Deutschland zu, insbesondere durch ältere und pflegebedürftige Personen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es werden Notaufnahmebesuche von Pflegeheimbewohnern hinsichtlich ihrer Charakteristika und Symptome, der Diagnostik und des stationären Verlaufs untersucht.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden Routinedaten eines Krankenhauses der Schwerpunktversorgung ohne Unfallchirurgie ausgewertet (Pius-Hospital Oldenburg). Aus dem Krankenhausinformationssystem wurden alle Notaufnahmebesuche von Pflegeheimbewohnern im Zeitraum 06/2014 bis 05/2017 selektiert.

Ergebnisse
Von 47.270 Notaufnahmebesuchen entfielen 1676 (3,6 %) auf Pflegeheimbewohner (mittleres Alter: 78,8 Jahre; 62,9 % weiblich). Insgesamt 20,1 % der Notaufnahmebesuche waren an Wochenenden und 80,6 % erfolgten zwischen 8–20 Uhr. Durch Vertragsärzte wurden 40,3 % eingewiesen. Insgesamt 84,2 % der Bewohner wurden stationär aufgenommen, die Verweildauer war genau einen Tag bei 21,1 % und 2–3 Tage bei weiteren 14,6 %. Mit längerer Verweildauer stieg der Anteil der Einweisungen durch Vertragsärzte. Von allen stationär aufgenommenen Bewohnern verstarben 10,3 % während des Krankenhausaufenthalts (davon 28,2 % am Aufnahmetag und 47,9 % binnen der ersten 3 Tage). Verstorbene waren älter, die Notaufnahmebesuche waren häufiger am Wochenende und eine Einweisung durch Vertragsärzte erfolgte seltener.

Diskussion
Die Studie zeigt Probleme auf verschiedenen Seiten. In Heimen sollten eine bessere interprofessionelle Kooperation mit Hausärzten sowie eine Stärkung der Palliativstrukturen erfolgen. In Notaufnahmen sollten Prozesse etabliert werden, die eine weitere ambulante Versorgung dieser Patientengruppe ermöglichen.
The transition from open to laparoscopic surgery for bilateral inguinal hernia repair: how we did it
Authors: Hidalgo Nils Jimmy , Bachero Irene , Hoyuela Carlos , Juvany Montserrat , Ardid Jordi , Martrat Antoni , Guillaumes Salvador 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the transition process from open repair (OR) to laparoscopic repair (LR) of bilateral inguinal hernia in a small basic general hospital

Methods
We describe the technical details and training strategy used to facilitate the transition to systematic LR of bilateral inguinal hernia. We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from all patients undergoing bilateral inguinal hernia repair between January 2017 and December 2020. We analysed the evolution of LR and compared the surgical outcomes: complications, acute pain (24 h), chronic pain (> 3 months), and recurrence (1 year) of the patients operated on by OR and LR.

Results
We performed 132 bilateral inguinal hernia repairs, 55 (41.7%) ORs, and 77 (58.3%) LRs. A significant difference was observed in the choice of LR over time (2017: 9%, 2018: 32%, 2019: 75%, 2020: 91%, p < 0.001). The mean operative time was shorter in the OR group than in the LR group (56 min vs. 108 min, p < 0.001). However, the operative time of the LR decreased over the years. No significant differences were observed in complications or recurrence. LR was associated with lower acute postoperative pain at 24 h (2.2 vs. 3.1 points, p = 0.021) and lower chronic groin pain than OR (1.3% vs. 12.7%, p = 0.009).

Conclusion
A structured and systematized training process made the transition from OR to LR of bilateral inguinal hernias feasible and safe in a small basic general hospital. This transition did not increase complications or recurrence. Additionally, LR was associated with a decrease in postoperative pain and chronic groin pain.
IoT for measuring road network quality index
Authors: Raslan E. , Alrahmawy Mohammed F. , Mohammed Y. A. , Tolba A. S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEgypt has been fighting the issue of ensuring road safety‚ reducing accidents‚ preserving the lives of citizens since its inception. For these reasons‚ precisely identifying the road condition‚ followed by effective and timely maintenance and rehabilitation measures‚ leads to an increase in the road network's safety level and lifespan. This paper presents a multi-input deep learning framework that combines BiLSTM and Depthwise separable convolution to work in parallel for automatic recognition of road surface quality and different road anomalies. Furthermore, we performed an investigation to compare deep networks approaches against other traditional approaches using real-time data sensed and collected from the Egyptian road network. The proposed deep model has achieved an average accuracy of 93.1%‚ which is superior compared to other evaluated approaches. Finally, we utilized the proposed model to estimate a road quality index in the Egyptian cities.
Quantitative physical performance tests can effectively detect Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Law Karlen K. P. , Lau Kenney K. L. , Shea Graham K. H. , Cheung Kenneth M. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This review aimed to identify effective physical performance tests (PPT) as clinical outcome indicators for detecting and monitoring degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed on seven electronic databases on the effectiveness in detection and monitoring of DCM by PPT. All included studies were reviewed and undergone quality assessments on the risk-of-bias by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and were pooled by random-effect analysis with level of significance at 0.05. Homogeneity among studies was assessed by I2-statistics and effect of PPT was confirmed by Cohen’s d effect size and confidence intervals.

Results
Totally, 3111 articles were retrieved, and 19 studies were included for review and meta-analysis. There were 13 studies investigating PPT regarding the upper limbs and 12 studies regarding the lower limbs. Performance in 10-second-Grip-and-Release Test (G&R) and 9-Hole-Peg Test (9HPT) was studied in 10 and 3 articles, respectively, while 10-second-Stepping Test (SST), 30-meter-Walking Test (30MWT) and Foot-Tapping Test (FTT) for lower limbs were studied in 5, 4, and 3 articles correspondingly. Only 1 study utilized the Triangle-Stepping Test. High-quality study with fair risk-of-bias was revealed from Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Large effect size facilitated detection and monitoring in DCM was unveiling for G&R, 9HPT, SST, and 30MWT. FTT, while also effective, was hindered by a high-degree heterogeneity in the meta-analysis.

Conclusion
Effective PPT including G&R, 9HPT, SST, 30MWT, and FTT was identified for disease detection and monitoring in DCM.
DFTMicroagg: a dual-level anonymization algorithm for smart grid data
Authors: Adewole Kayode S. , Torra Vicenç 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe introduction of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) smart meters has given rise to fine-grained electricity usage data at different levels of time granularity. AMI collects high-frequency daily energy consumption data that enables utility companies and data aggregators to perform a rich set of grid operations such as demand response, grid monitoring, load forecasting and many more. However, the privacy concerns associated with daily energy consumption data has been raised. Existing studies on data anonymization for smart grid data focused on the direct application of perturbation algorithms, such as microaggregation, to protect the privacy of consumers. In this paper, we empirically show that reliance on microaggregation alone is not sufficient to protect smart grid data. Therefore, we propose DFTMicroagg algorithm that provides a dual level of perturbation to improve privacy. The algorithm leverages the benefits of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and microaggregation to provide additional layer of protection. We evaluated our algorithm on two publicly available smart grid datasets with millions of smart meters readings. Experimental results based on clustering analysis using k-Means, classification via k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm and mean hourly energy consumption forecast using Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous (SARIMAX) factors model further proved the applicability of the proposed method. Our approach provides utility companies with more flexibility to control the level of protection for their published energy data.
Towards standardisation of automatic pollen and fungal spore monitoring: best practises and guidelines
Authors: Tummon Fiona , Bruffaerts Nicolas , Celenk Sevcan , Choël Marie , Clot Bernard , Crouzy Benoît , Galán Carmen , Gilge Stefan , Hajkova Lenka , Mokin Vitalii , O’Connor David , Rodinkova Victoria , Sauliene Ingrida , Sikoparija Branko , Sofiev Mikhail , Sozinova Olga , Tesendic Danijela , Vasilatou Konstantina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStandards for manual pollen and fungal spore monitoring have been established based on several decades of experience, tests, and research. New technological and methodological advancements have led to the development of a range of different automatic instruments for which no standard yet exist. This paper aims to provide an overview of aspects that need to be considered for automatic pollen and fungal spore monitoring, including a set of guidelines and recommendations. It covers issues relevant to developing an automatic monitoring network, from the instrument design and calibration through algorithm development to site selection criteria. Despite no official standard yet existing, it is essential that all aspects of the measurement chain are carried out in a manner that is as standardised as possible to ensure high-quality data and information can be provided to end-users.
Theorising the Fiduciary: Ontology and Ethics
Authors: Mussell Helen J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the omnipresence of the fiduciary in business organisations, there is an omission of theorisations of this legal concept within business ethics literature. This is surprising considering its widespread and embedded use, but even more so given that the presence of ethics within the fiduciary is increasingly contested ground. This article addresses both issues by theorising the fiduciary using an ontological analysis—one which subsequently helps identify a suitable ethical framework. The article argues on two grounds that the ontology of the fiduciary is inherently relational; it renders the fiduciary’s implicit ontology explicit. Firstly, the fiduciary is shown to be process-oriented, indicating an open, emergent, and relational ontology at work. Secondly, historical investigation of the development of the fiduciary highlights its core relationship structure, and the interdependency and power dynamic embedded in the fiduciary are revealed. The argument is advanced that by bringing this inherent relational ontology to the fore, we can see how a relational ethical framework—the Ethics of Care—is best placed to explicate the ethics at work in the fiduciary. The article concludes with a discussion outlining how this ontological theorisation offers utility in steering future practice of the fiduciary.
Spherical doubly warped spacetimes for radiating stars and cosmology
Authors: Mantica Carlo Alberto , Molinari Luca Guido 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpherically symmetric spacetimes are ambient spaces for models of stellar collapse and inhomogeneous cosmology. We obtain results for the Weyl tensor and the covariant form of the Ricci tensor on general doubly warped (DW) spacetimes. In a spherically symmetric metric, the Ricci and electric tensors become rank-2, built with the metric tensor, a velocity vector field and its acceleration. Their structure dictates the general form of the energy-momentum tensor in the Einstein equations in DW spherical metrics. The anisotropic pressure and the heat current of an imperfect fluid descend from the gradient of the acceleration and the electric part of the Weyl tensor. For radiating stellar collapse with heat flow, the junction conditions of the doubly warped metric with the Vaidya metric are reviewed, with the boundary condition for the radial pressure. The conditions for isotropy simply accomodate various models in the literature. The anisotropy of the Ricci tensor in the special case of spherical GRW space-times (geodesic velocity), gives Friedmann equations deviating from standard FRW cosmology by terms due to the electric tensor. We introduce “perfect 2-scalars” to discuss f(R) gravity with anisotropic fluid source in a doubly warped spacetime, and show that the new geometric terms in the field equations do not change the tensor structure of the fluid energy-momentum tensor.
On the high-energy electron beam irradiation-induced defects in Cu2SnSe3 system: an effort towards modifying the structure, microstructure, and thermoelectric transport
Authors: Gurukrishna K. , Mangavati Suraj , Rao Ashok , Poornesh P. , Petwal Vikash Chandra , Verma Vijay Pal , Dwivedi Jishnu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present report on modulating thermoelectric transport in Cu2SnSe3system via irradiating high-energy electrons of energy of about 8 MeV. Electrical transport is investigated at near room to mid-temperature regime (300–700 K). A smooth transition from degenerate to non-degenerate type of conductivity is observed in all the samples, which indicates the injection of minority carriers with ionisation of defects at high temperatures. Defects created through the knock-on displacement of the constituent atoms is successful in promoting the power factor in the material. Cu2SnSe3irradiated with 50 kGy is found to achieve highest power factor of 228 µW/mK2at 700 K, which is nearly 20% higher than the power factor of pristine material at the same temperature.
Measure and Statistical Attractors for Nonautonomous Dynamical Systems
Authors: Oljača Lea , Ashwin Peter , Rasmussen Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVarious inequivalent notions of attraction for autonomous dynamical systems have been proposed, each of them useful to understand specific aspects of attraction. Milnor’s notion of a measure attractor considers invariant sets with positive measure basin of attraction, while Ilyashenko’s weaker notion of a statistical attractor considers positive measure points that approach the invariant set in terms of averages. In this paper we propose generalisations of these notions to nonautonomous evolution processes in continuous time. We demonstrate that pullback/forward measure/statistical attractors can be defined in an analogous manner and relate these to the respective autonomous notions when an autonomous system is considered as nonautonomous. There are some subtleties even in this special case–we illustrate an example of a two-dimensional flow with a one-dimensional measure attractor containing a single point statistical attractor. We show that the single point can be a pullback measure attractor for this system. Finally, for the particular case of an asymptotically autonomous system (where there are autonomous future and past limit systems) we relate pullback (respectively, forward) attractors to the past (respectively, future) limit systems.
Comment on “On the Analysis of the Tin-Inside-$$H_3S$$ Mössbauer Experiment”
Authors: Hirsch J. E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProzorov and Bud’ko (On the analysis of the tin-inside-H3S Mössbauer experiment, 2022) recently analyzed the nuclear resonant scattering (NRS) experiment that reportedly demonstrated magnetic field exclusion in sulfur hydride under pressure (Science 351, 1303, 2016), and concluded that the experiment is consistent with the expected behavior of a type II superconductor. Here I point out that their analysis shows that the reported NRS measurements are incompatible with the recently reported magnetization measurements by Minkov et al. (Nat Commun 13, 3194, 2022), indicating that at minimum one of these two experiments does not support the claim that sulfur hydride under pressure is superconducting.
Advancements in Particle Engineering for Inhalation Delivery of Small Molecules and Biotherapeutics
Authors: Chang Rachel Yoon Kyung , Chan Hak-Kim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDry powder inhalation formulations have become increasingly popular for local and systemic delivery of small molecules and biotherapeutics. Powder formulations provide distinct advantages over liquid formulations such as elimination of cold chain due to room temperature stability, improved portability, and the potential for increasing patient adherence. To become a viable product, it is essential to develop formulations that are stable (physically, chemically and/or biologically) and inhalable over the shelf-life. Physical particulate properties such as particle size, morphology and density, as well as chemical properties can significantly impact aerosol performance of the powder. This review will cover these critical attributes that can be engineered to enhance the dispersibility of inhalation powder formulations. Challenges in particle engineering for biotherapeutics will be assessed, followed by formulation strategies for overcoming the hurdles. Finally, the review will discuss recent examples of successful dry powder biotherapeutic formulations for inhalation delivery that have been clinically assessed.
Field scale plant water relation of maize (Zea mays) under drought – impact of root hairs and soil texture
Authors: Jorda Helena , Ahmed Mutez A. , Javaux Mathieu , Carminati Andrea , Duddek Patrick , Vetterlein Doris , Vanderborght Jan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
Impact of drought on crop growth depends on soil and root hydraulic properties that determine the access of plant roots to soil water. Root hairs may increase the accessible water pool but their effect depends on soil hydraulic properties and adaptions of root systems to drought. These adaptions are difficult to investigate in pot experiments that focus on juvenile plants.

Methods
A wild-type and its root hairless mutant maize (Zea mays) were grown in the field in loam and sand substrates during two growing seasons with a large precipitation deficit. A comprehensive dataset of soil and plant properties and monitored variables were collected and interpreted using simulations with a mechanistic root water uptake model.

Results
Total crop water use was similar in both soils and for both genotypes whereas shoot biomass was larger for the wild type than for the hairless mutant and did not differ between soils. Total final root length was larger in sand than in loam but did not differ between genotypes. Simulations showed that root systems of both genotypes and in both soils extracted all plant available soil water, which was similar for sand and loam, at a potential rate. Leaf water potentials were overestimated by the model, especially for the hairless mutant in sand substrate because the water potential drop in the rhizosphere was not considered.

Conclusions
A direct effect of root hairs on water uptake was not observed but root hairs might influence leaf water potential dependent growth.
Meaningful higher education in Kakuma refugee camp: A case study of why context and contextualization matter
Authors: O’Keeffe Paul , Lovey Thibault 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, higher education in refugee contexts has begun to receive increasing attention within the humanitarian-development sector. Resource constraints, coupled with the technology and innovation zeitgeist in international development drives, have helped to create a higher education space where courses in refugee camps are typically delivered via online learning platforms directly from Western education providers. As the space develops, a shift in attention is beginning to occur, such that the legitimacy of online learning for refugees is now being questioned. At the heart of this question are the issue of contextualization and a call for greater emphasis to be placed on blended learning approaches that better reflect the realities of refugee learners. In this case study, the authors compare and evaluate a contextualized medical studies course that was delivered via blended learning in the Kakuma refugee camp in 2019 with a non-contextualized version of the same course that was delivered in the Dadaab refugee camp in 2018. The study explores the contextualization process and finds that the contextualized course achieved better learning outcomes than did the non-contextualized version of the course.
Cognitive ontology and the search for neural mechanisms: three foundational problems
Authors: Francken Jolien C. , Slors Marc , Craver Carl F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe central task of cognitive neuroscience to map cognitive capacities to neural mechanisms faces three interlocking conceptual problems that together frame the problem of cognitive ontology. First, they must establish which tasks elicit which cognitive capacities, and specifically when different tasks elicit the same capacity. To address thisoperationalization problem, scientists often assess whether the tasks engage the same neural mechanisms. But to determine whether mechanisms are of the same or different kinds, we need to solve theabstraction problemby determining which mechanistic differences are and are not relevant, and also theboundary problemby distinguishing the mechanism from its background conditions. Solving these problems, in turn, requires understanding how cognitive capacities are elicited in tasks. These three problems, which have been noted and discussed elsewhere in the literature, together form a ‘cycle of kinds’ that frames the central problem-space of cognitive ontology. We describe this cycle to clarify the intellectual challenges facing the cognitive ontologist and to reveal the kind of iterative process by which ontological revision in cognitive neuroscience is likely to unfold.