bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) Accumulation in Different Organs of Commercially Important Fish Species Collected from Chattogram Coastal Region of Bangladesh.
Authors: Siddiqua Afifa , Ahmed Sk Istiaque , Mazed Maria Al , Popy Zannatun Nur , Islam Md. Ashraful , Quader Md. Fahad Bin 
Published: February 2022

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there are any significant toxic effects of the widely exposed metals on different organs (gill, liver, kidney, and muscle) of some commercially important marine fish species (Herpodon nehereus, Pampus chinensis and Hilsa ilisha).
Study Design: The collection of the samples was done from January to March 2018 from Bay of Bengal near Chattogram city of Bangladesh. The study is based on randomly collected samples from the intended sampling sites (Randomized Block Design) to ensure the evenness and unbiases of the collected samples.
Methodology: Analyses were performed for metals such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). During each month, five individuals each with three replications from the three targeted species were collected, with a total of 135 (45*3) fishes in the study period.
Results: The concentrations of the metals found in the fishes varied in the following ranges: As: 0.029-0.071 ppm, Pb: 0.008-0.083 ppm and Cr: 0.0001-0.03 ppm. The obtained result revealed the highest concentrations of all three metals were recorded in H.nehereus fish. The organ wise lead concentration was recorded highest in kidneys and gills of examined fishes with significant variation in muscles and liver. The scenario depicted quite differently in case of chromium where concentration in gills was found to be the highest with insignificant variation in accumulation in other three organs. In case of Arsenic, kidneys and livers were the most exposed two organs in comparison to significant exposure to muscles and gills. The obtained values of arsenic accumulation were considered critical for human consumption as it was higher than the recommended values stated by WHO and FAO; but the concentration of lead and chromium were found to be safe for human consumption. The values recorded for lead were increasingly approached to the safety values.
Conclusion: So, crucial steps should be taken regarding safety and environmentally friendly discharge of arsenic and lead; high levels of pollution will not only affect aquatic life but will also invite socio-economic disasters.
Lymphedema in Mexico: A Clinical and Epidemiological Overview
Authors: Montoya Luis L. , Cabanillas Yucari L. , Aguirre Joceline S. , Luna Claudia , Alcaraz Itzel , D. Lopez Angel 
Published: February 2022

Background: There is insufficient clear epidemiological and clinical knowledge about lymphedema patient’s population in Mexico, this limits its investigation. The objective of this study is to present basic lymphedema epidemiological data and its clinical characteristics based on the analysis of lymphedema patients’ data collected from a specialized rehabilitation clinic in Mexico.
Methods: This is a cohort study developed between 2015 and 2021. The study was carried ou in a private clinic specialized in oncological and peripheral vascular patients’ rehabilitation. Clinical assessments and interviews were performed to collect each case’s clinical history, considering its medical characteristics, physical activity and functionality and socio-demographic information, classified in a matrix, and later statistically evaluated.
Results: Among 446 lymphedema patients, gender distribution was represented by 81% female and 19% male with a mean age of 50.5 years (±44.5). The population was categorized into the following three different study groups according to diagnosis: Cancer-Related Lymphedema (CRL), Non-Cancer-Related Secondary Lymphedema (NCRSL) and Primary Lymphedema. 60.08% of the patients had CRL; 25.11% had NCRSL and 14.79% had Primary Lymphedema. Among the patients with CRL, 81% of them corresponded to breast cancer diagnosis, the rest were associated to 19 different cancer diagnoses. The most prevalent diagnosis was breast CRL 48.6%; phlebolymphedema 19.4%; congenital and praecox lymphedema 14.1%; lipo-lymphedema 4.8%. The BMI of 64% of the patients ranged in overweight and obesity. 37.6% of patients reported that had experienced pain in limbs affected by lymphedema and 45% of all patients reported some disability to perform one or more activities associated to their limb volume or limb discomfort. 82% of patients had no physical activity or performed less physical activity than what is suggested to their population group’s recommendation.
Conclusion: This study stablishes a precedent on reporting the broadest available epidemiological and clinical data of lymphedema in Mexico. Further studies are needed to report with a higher precision the epidemiological, clinical, and demographical data about each etiological group for a better understanding of lymphedema in Mexico and Latin America.
Nutrient and Anti-diabetic Activity of Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum Leaf Extract on Allaxon Induced Diabetic Rat
Authors: Pandey S. , Verma V. , Srivastava K. , Yadav Ranjeet K. 
Published: February 2022

Azadirecta indica (Meliaceae) is a medicinal plant, commonly known as ‘Neem’ and distributed randomly in the whole of India. Corriandrum sativum belongs to the family of Apiaceae was considered to be native from Asia and Africa and known locally in Sudan as Kazbra. Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum extract have been studied for therapeutic possessions. The nutrient parameters and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis in the leaves of Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum were studied and also the antihyperglycemic activity of hydro alcoholic extract. An acute oral toxicity study was carried out in healthy male Wister rats (100 g). Diabetic rats were orally and daily administrated of hydro alcoholic leaf extract of A. indica and C. sativum at the different doses (200-400 mg/kg. b.w) with anti-diabetic reference drug (metformin). After 21st days of treatment, level of blood glucose, as well as Albumin, Protein, Creatinine, Urea and Uric acid were significantly decreased when compared with the diabetic control. These plant fruit extract will be subjected for further extensive studies to isolate and identify their active constituents which are useful for against antidiabetic. Ethanol leaf extract of Azadirecta indica effect was confirmed minerals such as sodium (Na), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co) and iorn (Fe) were decreases of the respect of Corriandrum sativum. The results was indicated that the hydro alcoholic extract from leaves of Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum showed the reduced blood glucose and other biochemical parameters level were observed in diabetic rats treated with both doses of ethanol extract of Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum leaf compared to diabetic control rats. These observed strongly suggest that hydro alcoholic extract could act as a source of functional compounds for the control of diabetes mellitus.
Management of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) Disease using Chemical Insecticides and Bio-pesticides
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Rani Nidhika , Prasad S. M. 
Published: February 2022

Field trials were conducted during 2018-19 and 2019-20 crop seasons to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides and bio-pesticides for the management of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) disease, which is naturally spread by vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The mean of two-year data showed that the, lowest disease incidence and the least number of whiteflies were recorded in Imidacloprid (17.8% SL) treated plots. Fifteen days after the 1st spray and 2nd spray of the Imidacloprid (17.8% SL), recorded 17.09% & 18.15% disease incidence, respectively, as compared to control 47.45%. As well as imidacloprid treated plot documented the least number of whiteflies 3.10/plant five days after 1st spray and 3.32/plant five days after 2nd spray as compared to control 7.57 and 7.60 respectively. It also offers maximum reduction of whiteflies 61.75% which consequently resulted in higher grain yield (9.10 q/ha). In bio-pesticides, Beauveria bassiana @ 0.5% and Neem Oil @ 3ml/lit, were found to be moderately effective in managing the disease incidence and the population of whiteflies, 22.82 and 25.11 per cent disease incidence recorded at 15 days after first spray and 25.32 and 26.73 per cent at 15 days after second spray.
Modeling to Reduce the Indoor Air Pollution in Dhaka: An Evidence from Randomized Experiment of NASA Recommended Plants
Authors: Sarker M. Mizanur Rahman , Sammy Hasan , Khan Maruf , Akhtar Nahid 
Published: February 2022

Spider plant (Chlorophytum elatum), Snake plant (Dracaena trifasciata), Dracaena (Dracaena marginata) and Aloe vera (Aloe vera) are selected to conduct the experiment because which is the National Aeronautics Space Administration NASA recommended plants that are available in Bangladesh. In this study Indoor Air Quality Index (IAQI) is estimated by using seven parameters such that PM2.5, PM10, CO2/PPM, Formaldehyde, Volatile organic compounds, Temperature and Humidity. Dracaena has significantly impact to reduce PM2.5 after one month later 36.00 to 28.33. Also Dracaena and Aloe vera have significantly impact to reduce PM10 after one month later (46.00 to 36.33) and (21.33 to 44.33 to 32.67) respectively. Results showed that the more decreasing rate of CO2/PPM is recorded from Spider plant about 622 to 620 then 615. Another finding is that the highest rate of change of formaldehyde is planting Aloe vera (24%). The results of VOC obtained from Spider plant (0.290 to 0.204 to 0.178) gave positive results compared to other plants. Effects of different types of plants showed significant differences on room temperature. The highest rate of change of temperature (6%) is recorded from Snake plants and Aloe vera. The highest increasing rate of change of humidity (7.3%) is recorded from Snake plants. One month later after plantation, the sub indices of major four pollutants such that PM2.5, PM10, CO2/PPM and Formaldehyde are similar without CO2/PPM. Sub indices of PM2.5 are less than 50 and one is near to fifty. The lowest score of sub indices of HCHO (less than 40) is recorded from Spider plants (25) whereas the statistically followed is obtained from PM10. Aggregation of sub indices to get the overall IAQI by maximum operator method IAQI = Max (Isi1, Isi2, Isi3, Isi4) because a health based index cannot be combined or weighted. Finally results shows that IAQI of this study one month later after plantation for each type of plants are satisfactory but not good.
Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek): Progress in Breeding and Future Challenges
Authors: Kumar Anil , Yadav P. , Seema . , Kumar R. R. , Kushwaha A. , Rashid Md. H. , Tarannum N. , Chakraborty S. 
Published: February 2022

Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is a short duration farmer preferred warm-season pulse crop. The crop has shown a balanced growth worldwide, especially in developing countries. Mungbean being a great source of protein with higher folate and iron levels attracts high demand and price on the market making the farmers happy and satisfied. Moreover, it can fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, making it perfect for rice based cropping systems and intercropping with other crops. Despite having so many benefits, mungbean has been a neglected crop compared to other pulses with limited efforts aiming at its breeding and development. Higher productivity, breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses resistance and nutritional quality improvement are future challenges for mungbean breeders. Several researchers are working in the direction of collecting and maintaining mungbean genetic resources. Mutation breeding and genetic engineering has also been enhanced in mungbean varietal improvement. Genomic information is limited compared to other legume species. However, the recent successful sequencing of mungbean genome has opened new vistas into the crop’s R&D. It is a self-pollinated pulse with small genome size, which could be used as a model for studying other legumes. Mungbean breeders at present times aim to identify useful alleles from diverse germplasm and markers closely associated with desirable traits. The high-throughput marker genotyping system has now made it feasible to pinpoint the exact gene locations and mutations contributing target phenotypes. In this review we present the current status of conventional and molecular breeding of the crop and summary of efforts in the utilization of genetic information and genomic resources for further mungbean improvement.
The Role of Weather in the Spread of Lassa Fever in Parts of Northern Nigeria
Authors: Nchom Joyce Imara , Abubakar A. S. , Arimoro F. O. , Mohammed B. Y. 
Published: February 2022

This study employed multiple regression analysis to evaluate the impact of weather variables (relative humidity, rainfall amount and maximum temperature) on the reported number of Lassa fever cases and to assess the strength of relationship between same for thirteen states in northern Nigeria (Adamawa, Bauchi, Jigawa, Borno, Kaduna, Katsina, Kano, Kebbi, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara and Gombe states) over a five-year period (2016-2020). Secondary data on Lassa fever disease and weather variables were described on a weekly basis from the data base of the Nigeria Centre for disease control (NCDC) as well as weather variables from the National Aeronautics Space Administration, U.S.A. (NASA). The study seeks to establish the role of weather in the occurrence of Lassa fever in parts of Northern Nigeria and also to evaluate the impact of these weather variables on the occurrence of the disease. The study reveals that these weather variables accounted for 70% (r2=0.70) of the cases of Lassa fever reported in Northern Nigeria. It occurred all year round but cases peaked during the dry months, from December to March where relative humidity is low and rainfall amount small. At confidence level of 0.05, there was a significant (p=0.000) strong positive correlation of r=0.83 between Lassa fever cases and weather variables. Of the three weather parameters, maximum temperature had a weak positive and insignificant (p=0.3) relationship with Lassa fever while relative humidity and rainfall had strong and moderate negative relationships of r = -0.7 and r = -0.5 respectively which were both significant at (r2=0.000). In conclusion, there is need to cultivate sufficient preparedness strategies in order to cope with the burden to ensure general wellbeing of people resident in these affected areas using these weather parameters.
Effects of Diclofenac on the Oxidative Stress Parameters of Freshwater Fish Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Chukwuebuka Eze Christabel , Nwamba Helen Ogochukwu , Uchenna Omeje Festus , Anukwu John Uchenna , Okpe Martins Nnamdi , Didigwu Nwani Christopher 
Published: February 2022

The indiscriminate use and abuse of pharmaceuticals have led to pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment which has been receiving great attention since significant levels of contamination have been found. The present study investigated the acute and sub-lethal effects of a pharmaceutical drug diclofenac on oxidative stress parameters and the recovery ability in O. niloticus. The juveniles were exposed to different concentrations of diclofenac to determine the 96 h LC50. The results indicated that diclofenac was toxic to O. niloticus with a 96 h LC50 of 0.489mg/L. The percentage mortality increased as the concentrations increased. Fish were exposed to a control (0.00 mg/L) and three sub-lethal concentrations of 0.48, 0.32, and 0.25 mg/L of diclofenac for 28 days and allowed to recover for 7 days. The result of the sub-lethal test indicated that the responses were dose and duration dependent. The oxidative stress results showed significant concentration- and time-dependent increases in the values of lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione but reduction in catalase and superoxide dismutase in the liver of the exposed fish. Many of the oxidative parameters were found to be restored after the 7-day recovery period. These results showed that diclofenac exposure had a profound negative influence on the selected indices of O. niloticus.
Effects of Temperature and pH on the Stability of Protease Produced by Alcaligenes faecalis P2
Authors: Obichi E. A. , Ezebuiro V. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Bacterial proteases represent a group of very important industrial enzymes. They are involved in the hydrolysis of peptide bond found in protein. Industrial application of bacterial proteases has been limited by low yield and instability at biotechnological process conditions. This study was design to investigate the effect of temperature and pH on the stability of protease produced by Alcaligene faecalis strain P2.
Methodology: Protease-producing bacteria were isolated from beans effluent-impacted soil and screened for protease production on Casein agar plate. Protease assay was carried out following standard method for protease determination and the stability of the protease produced was investigated over temperature range of 20 to 90 oC and pH range of 3 to 12. The protease-producing bacterium was identified using its molecular characteristics.
Results: Protease assay result showed that the amount of tyrosine released by one unit of the crude enzyme was 0.176 µmol/mL resulting in 0.19 U/mL protease activity. Stability studies showed that the protease had wide spectrum of pH and temperature stability. The protease was most stable at pH 9 and temperature of 40 oC after 30 min. Maximum protease activity of 1.259 U/mL was recorded with pH 9 after 30 min. The protease-producing bacterium was classified as Alcaligene faecalis P2 based on phylogenetic analysis of its 16S gene analysis. The sequences have been submitted to GenBank under the accession number MZ477004.
Conclusion: This study therefore has demonstrated that beans effluent-impacted soil harbours protease producing bacteria with high industrial potentials. In addition, the study revealed that the protease produced in this study can retain its activity over wide temperature and pH.
Effect of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate on Bacterial Population and Hydrocarbon Degradation in Crude-oil Polluted Soil
Authors: Eedee Teka, Gold , NornuBari Barika, Prince , Pedro Peekate, Lekiah 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LAS) that are non-toxic to bacteria in crude-oil polluted soil, and also effective in enhancing biodegradation of the hydrocarbons.
Methodology: Seven concentrations (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 mg/L) of LAS were prepared, and 50 ml of each were added to 500 g soils artificially polluted with crude-oil. Based on the quantity of soil used and the volume of LAS solutions added, the in-soil LAS concentrations were calculated to be 0.4 – 25.6 mg/Kg. A control was also set up were 50 ml sterile distilled water was used. The setups were maintained for seven days; on day 1, 3, and 7, the population of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) were determined. Total hydrocarbon concentrations (THC) were determined on day 1 and 7.
Results: The results obtained showed that the extent of hydrocarbon degradation increased with increase in LAS concentration from 35.9 to 61.4%, with the control having 10.9%. The THB population strength in all the setups increased from 106 to 107; in the setup treated with the highest concentration of LAS, the increase was from 106 to 108. Bacteria isolated from the setups included Bacillus, Micrococcus, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas sp, which are known hydrocarbon degraders.
Conclusion: LAS concentration of up to 25.6 mg/Kg can lead to significant hydrocarbon biodegradation in crude-oil polluted soil with no adverse effect on bacteria present in the soil.
Determination of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance Amongst Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Isah Ja’afaru , Rabiu Ismail , Bawa Kamal Idris , Abdulfatai Khadijat 
Published: February 2022

For quite a long time, mainly due to fewer treatment options, Clindamycin have been regarded as an alternative drug to effectively manage all Staphylococcus aureus infections. Strains with inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLSB phenotype) raise concerns because therapeutic failure may occur during treatment. Clindamycin is mostly regarded in treating serious infections that cannot be treated by other antibiotics, as it may cause colitis or mild diarrhea. A double disc diffusion test (D-test) for detecting inducible resistance to clindamycin in erythromycin-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus was performed by placing a 15µg erythromycin disc in proximity to a 2µg clindamycin disc in adjacent positions. For erythromycin-resistant isolates, D-test can help to determine whether clindamycin could be used as a therapeutic option (reported as susceptible when the D-test is negative or reported as resistant when the D-test is positive). Twenty (20) out of the 30 (thirty) isolates collected were confirmed to be determined by D-test as per CLSI guidelines. Fifteen (15) isolates were D-test Negative, 5 were resistant to both Erythromycin and Clindamycin, and none was D-test positive. D-test should be included as a mandatory method in routine disc diffusion testing to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci for the optimum treatment of patients.
Vaginal Three-Dimensional Ultrasound and Chromohysteroscopy for Endometrial Evaluation in Cases of Failed Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Authors: Mohammed Abdou Mahmoud , Sheirf Hassan Tahseen , Abdalla Manal Mostafa , Mohammady Gharib Ashraf Al 
Published: February 2022

Background: Implantation failure could be due to a variety of reasons, including embryo quality and uterine receptivity, but remains unexplained in many cases. The aim of the work was to evaluate vaginal three-dimensional ultrasound, chromohysteroscopy for endometrial evaluation in cases of previous failed intracytoplasmic sperm injection and histopathological examination of the suspected areas.
Methods: This study was carried on 50 patients who attended to the department of Gynecology in Tanta University Hospital and another private hospital. All patients was allocated in one group and examined between 30 and 120 days after the failed ICSI cycle. 3D vaginal ultrasound was done for all cases at the early luteal phase period then all the hysteroscopic operations was performed in the early follicular phase (3-4 days postmenstrual) as conventional hysteroscopy.
Results: Most common hysteroscopic finding was Polypoidal endometrium in 12% of cases, Arcuate uterus in 10% of cases, Arcuate uterus + T shaped cavity in 8% of cases and Niche, Polypectomy in 4% of cases and Biopsy of dark stained area was taken from all cases. Histopathology finding was normal Proliferative endometrium in 72% of cases and Early secretory endometrium in 4% of cases. Focal chronic nonspecific endometritis in 20% of cases and Polypoid endometrial hyperplasia in 4%.
Conclusions: Chromohystroscopy is a safe and easy procedure which can help to improve the efficacy of hysteroscopy in diagnosing cases of endometritis and to increase the success rate of IVF and ICSI. It is highly recommended to be applied to cases of repeated ICSI or IVF failure.