bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
保存的加療で軽快した孤立性内臓動脈解離の4症例(Four cases of isolated dissection of visceral artery relieved by conservative therapy)
Authors: 剛 野上 , 輝真 田邊 , 一暢 宇根 , 裕司 児玉 , 克敏 佐藤 
Published: September 2022

要旨　孤立性内臓動脈解離は比較的稀な疾患であるが，近年はmulti detector–row computed tomography（MDCT）などの診断デバイスの性能向上もあり報告例が増加している。今回，突然発症の強い腹痛を初発症状とし，造影CTで診断に至った孤立性内臓動脈解離を4例経験したので報告する。症例はいずれも40歳台の男性で，背景因子として高血圧が3例，喫煙歴ありが2例であった。初診時，腹痛の訴えは強いが腹膜刺激徴候は明らかでなく，嘔気下痢などの消化器症状を認めなかった。採血では，大動脈解離では感度が高いとされるD–dimerの陰性例が3例であった。腹部造影CTの撮影を行い，2例を上腸間膜動脈解離，2例を腹腔動脈解離と診断した。いずれの症例も腸管虚血は認めなかったため，厳密な血圧管理および抗血栓薬による保存的治療を選択した。治療開始後，疼痛症状は第3病日までに全症例で消失し，第7病日以降に行った経過観察の造影CTでは，すべての症例で解離血管の血流の改善を認めるという良好な経過をたどった。以上のように孤立性内臓動脈解離は稀な疾患であるが，腸管虚血を伴わない症例では保存的治療のみで良好な経過を得ることができる可能性が示された。中年男性に突然発症の激しい腹痛を生じた場合には本疾患を鑑別の一つとし，遅滞なく造影CTにて評価診断を行うことが必要と考える。
A Phase 2 open label study of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for 12 weeks in subjects with hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Price Angie S. , Nelson Amy K. , Ghosh Alip , Kottilil Shyamasundaran , Chua Joel V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRetrospective data showed that when we administered ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) to patients with hepatitis B and C coinfection, there was a modest reduction in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Therefore, we hypothesize that similar HBsAg reduction can be seen in hepatitis B virus (HBV) monoinfected subjects. Primary and secondary efficacy endpoints are the decline in HBsAg and HBV DNA at Week 12 from baseline, respectively. We conducted an open‐label Phase 2 pilot study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and antiviral activity of LDV and/or SOF for HBV. Eligible subjects were either suppressed on antivirals (Group B) or inactive chronic HBV (Group A, C, D). Group A and B received LDV/SOF. Group C and D received SOF 400 mg and LDV 90 mg, respectively. All subjects completed the study, and all related adverse events (AEs) were mild. No discontinuations due to AEs or hepatitis flare occurred. At Week 12, HBsAg decline (log10 IU/ml) was similar between Group A (0.399) and B (0.400), less in Group C (0.207), and none in Group D, and there was HBV DNA decline in the inactive chronic HBV groups. LDV and SOF are safe and well tolerated when given to chronic hepatitis B subjects and have modest antiviral activity, particularly when given in combination.
Acibenzolar‐S‐methyl activates phenylpropanoid pathway to enhance resistance against Alternaria alternata in pear fruit
Authors: Guo Yan , Li Xue , Li Canying , Jinyue Ruxin , Xu Hengping , Ge Yonghong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlternaria alternata is a causal agent of black spot rot of pear fruit after harvest. Acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (ASM) has been shown to be a potential elicitor of tolerance in several horticultural products. This work was performed to research the influence of ASM on black spot rot of Docteur Jules Guyot pears and vital enzyme activity and gene expression in the phenylpropanoid pathway.RESULTSASM remarkably decreased the lesion diameter of A. alternata‐inoculated pears. ASM also increased phenylalanine ammonialyase, cinnamate 4‐hydroxylase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase activities and gene expression, and enhanced 4‐coumarate/coenzyme A ligase activity in pears. Moreover, ASM improved the content of phenylalanine, total phenolic compounds, caffeic acid, flavonoids, anthocyanin and lignin in pears.CONCLUSIONASM could modulate vital enzyme activity and gene expression in the phenylpropanoid pathway to accelerate metabolite synthesis, thereby enhancing resistance against A. alternata in pears. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Feasibility analysis using a porous media model to simulate the wind protection effect of windbreak forests
Authors: Zhuo Chunxiang , Tong Xin , Hao Baoer , Chen Zhi , Liu Haiyang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe porous media model theory has been applied to the study of soil wind erosion, and the accuracy of simulation test results using the resistance source term instead of the windbreak geometry model has received much attention. A common shrub windbreak was used as the research object, and a porous media model with a similar shape was established to synthetically compare the wind tunnel experimental data with the results of computational fluid dynamics numerical simulations, analyze its feasibility for windbreak research instead of wind tunnel experiments, and try to elaborate the causes of errors arising from numerical simulations. The relative standard deviation of more than 80% of the sampling points in the porous media model and wind tunnel experimental results was less than 5%, and the wind speed difference at the maximum relative standard deviation was only 0.257 m s−1; the difference in wind speed variation was most obvious on the leeward side of the lower part of the vegetation canopy, but this error does not affect the wind speed recovery trend of the Caragana shrub/forest belt array. The combination of numerical simulations and wind tunnel experiments gives a reference for the accuracy of porous media models used to simulate plant wind protection.
Field performance of selected and landrace tepary bean varieties in diverse southwestern USA irrigated production environments
Authors: Pratt Richard C. , Grant Lois , Velasco‐Cruz Ciro , Lauriault Leonard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe desert Southwest is the oldest area of continuous crop production in the continental USA. Tepary beans (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) were a part of the ancient, irrigated cropping systems, but they were nearly lost during the twentieth century. They are now the subject of heightened research and breeding activity. We wished to ascertain the field performance of varieties improved by selection within the region with those selected outside the region. In one study, the selected varieties were evaluated in two locations across two seasons, and in another, they were evaluated at three locations in the Rio Grande Valley, the principal agricultural production region in New Mexico. A collection of 21 tepary landraces was also examined at the same three locations in the Rio Grande River Valley of New Mexico. Both selected and landrace varieties demonstrated a production capacity above 2000 kg ha−1 under irrigated conditions. Seed size (as determined by 100‐seed weights) was also examined in the selected varieties. Two varieties (TARS Tep32 and CSU148) displayed seed size at the lower range of the small market class of common beans. The developmental phenology of the selected varieties was similar across two seasons. One selected variety, CSU148, also displayed a high level of resistance to powdery mildew during one season favorable for disease development. The other selected varieties exhibited intermediate host‐resistance responses to infection.
Manufacture of Soft‐Hard Implants from Electrospun Filaments Embedded in 3D Printed Structures
Authors: Alkaissy Rand , Richard Michael , Morris Hayley , Snelling Sarah , Pinchbeck Henry , Carr Andrew , Mouthuy Pierre‐Alexis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRotator cuff tendon tears are common injuries of the musculoskeletal system that often require surgical repair. However, re‐tearing following repair is a significant clinical problem, with a failure rate of up to 40%, notably at the transition from bone to tendon. The development of biphasic materials consisting of soft and hard components, which can mimic this interface, is therefore promising. Here, a simple manufacturing approach is proposed that combines electrospun filaments and 3D printing to achieve scaffolds made of a soft polydioxanone cuff embedded in a porous polycaprolactone block. The insertion area of the cuff is based on the supraspinatus tendon footprint and the size of the cuff is scaled up from 9 to 270 electrospun filaments to reach a clinically relevant strength of 227N on average. The biological evaluation shows that the biphasic scaffold components are noncytotoxic, and that tendon and bone cells can be grown on the cuff and block, respectively. Overall, these results indicate that combining electrospinning and 3D printing is a feasible and promising approach to create soft‐to‐hard biphasic scaffolds that can improve the outcomes of rotator cuff repair.
Preparation and Properties of Biodegradable Shape Memory Polylactic Acid/Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Blends under Volume Elongational Deformation
Authors: Yang Zhitao , Yang Zhao , Zeng Jiajing , Yang Juxin , Cao Xianwu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, a novel eccentric rotor mixer (ERM), which can generate circulating volume elongational deformation, is employed to prepare biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) thermo‐responsive shape‐memory blends without a compatibilizer. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the ERM has more efficient dispersion and compatibilization for blends than conventional Banbury mixers, which is beneficial for shape‐memory performance. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) also confirm the consequences. Then, morphological and mechanical properties and shape memory behaviors of the blends are investigated in detail. Co‐continuous morphology is found on EF‐PLA50. The blends exhibit remarkable shape‐memory performance. The bending shape fixing ratio and recovery ratio of the blends are more than 94% and are still more than 90% after five shape memory cycles. With the increase of PLA content, the shape fixing ratio of blends decreases, while the shape recovery ratio increases and the shape recovery time becomes shorter. All the blends show good mechanical properties.
Bi‐Allelic COQ4 Variants Cause Adult‐Onset Ataxia‐Spasticity Spectrum Disease
Authors: Cordts Isabell , Semmler Luisa , Prasuhn Jannik , Seibt Annette , Herebian Diran , Navaratnarajah Tharsini , Park Joohyun , Deininger Natalie , Laugwitz Lucia , Göricke Sophia L. , Lingor Paul , Brüggemann Norbert , Münchau Alexander , Synofzik Matthis , Timmann Dagmar , Mayr Johannes A. , Haack Tobias B. , Distelmaier Felix , Deschauer Marcus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground
COQ4 codes for a mitochondrial protein required for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis. Autosomal recessive COQ4‐associated CoQ10 deficiency leads to an early‐onset mitochondrial multi‐organ disorder.MethodsIn‐house exome and genome datasets (n = 14,303) were screened for patients with bi‐allelic variants in COQ4. Work‐up included clinical characterization and functional studies in patient‐derived cell lines.ResultsSix different COQ4 variants, three of them novel, were identified in six adult patients from four different families. Three patients had a phenotype of hereditary spastic paraparesis, two sisters showed a predominant cerebellar ataxia, and one patient had mild signs of both. Studies in patient‐derived fibroblast lines revealed significantly reduced amounts of COQ4 protein, decreased CoQ10 concentrations, and elevated levels of the metabolic intermediate 6‐demethoxyubiquinone.ConclusionWe report bi‐allelic variants in COQ4 causing an adult‐onset ataxia‐spasticity spectrum phenotype and a disease course much milder than previously reported. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Branched‐Chain Amino Acids and Mitochondrial Biogenesis: An Overview and Mechanistic Summary
Authors: Hinkle Jason S. , Rivera Caroline N. , Vaughan Roger A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBranched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential in the diet and promote several vital cell responses which may have benefits for health and athletic performance, as well as disease prevention. While BCAA are well‐known for their ability to stimulate muscle protein synthesis, their effects on cell energetics are also becoming well‐documented, but these receive less attention. In this review, much of the current evidence demonstrating BCAA ability (as individual amino acids or as part of dietary mixtures) to alter regulators of cellular energetics with an emphasis on mitochondrial biogenesis and related signaling is highlighted. Several studies have shown, both in vitro and in vivo, that BCAA (either individual or as a mixture) may promote signaling associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis including the upregulation of master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC‐1α), as well as numerous downstream targets and related function. However, sparse data in humans and the difficulty of controlling variables associated with feeding studies leave the physiological relevance of these findings unclear. Future well‐controlled diet studies will be needed to assess if BCAA consumption is associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis and improved metabolic outcomes in healthy and/or diseased human populations.
Radiomics analysis of T2‐weighted images for differentiating invasive placentas in women at high risks
Authors: Lu Tao , Zhang Tianyue , Wang Yishuang , Guo Aiwen , Deng Yan , Song Bin , Liu Siyun 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo develop and validate an MRI‐based radiomics model for differentiating invasive placentas in patients with high risks.MethodsA total of 181 pregnant women suspected of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders and who underwent MRI for placenta evaluation were retrospectively enrolled. The data set was randomly divided into the training (n = 125; invasive = 63, noninvasive = 62) and test (n = 56; invasive = 28, noninvasive = 28) groups. Radiomics features were extracted from half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) and sagittal true fast imaging in steady‐state precession (TRUFISP) sequences independently and mainly selected based on their correlations with invasive placentas to construct two radiomics signatures including HASTE‐Radscore and TRUFISP‐Radscore. Then, the predictive performance of radiomic signatures, clinical features, radiographic features, and their combination were evaluated. The model with the best predictive performance was validated with its discrimination ability, calibration, and clinical usefulness.ResultsFive radiomics features from HASTE and three radiomics features from TRUFISP were retained, respectively, for predicting invasive placentas. The combination of radiomics signatures and clinical features including prior cesarean delivery, placenta previa, and radiographic feature, the placental thickness resulted in the best discrimination ability, with area under the curve of 0.898 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.844–0.9522) and 0.858 (95% confidence interval 0.7514–0.9655) in the training and test cohort, respectively. The combined model showed a significantly better area under the curve performance and clinical usefulness than independent clinical or radiographic model according to DeLong test (p < .05), net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement analysis (positive improvement) and decision curve analysis (higher net benefit).ConclusionsThe T2‐weighted imaging MRI radiomics model could serve as a potential prenatal diagnosis tool for identifying invasive placentas in patients with high risks.
Development of smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for modeling active nematics
Authors: Saghatchi Roozbeh , Kolukisa Deniz Can , Yildiz Mehmet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a novel graphics processing unit‐based active nematic flow solver based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. Nematohydrodynamics equations are discretized using the SPH algorithm. Flow behavior, nematic ordering, topological defects, and vorticity correlation are calculated and discussed in detail. The spectrum of the kinetic energy with respect to the wavenumber is calculated at high particle resolution, and its slope at the different length scales is discussed. To exploit the SPH capabilities, pathlines of nematic particles are evaluated during the simulation. Finally, the mixing behavior of the active nematics is calculated as well and described qualitatively. The effects of two important parameters, namely, activity and elastic constant are investigated. It is shown that the activity intensifies the chaotic mixing nature of the active nematics, while the elastic constant behaves oppositely.
Simulation of the interaction of light with 3‐D metallic nanostructures using a proper orthogonal decomposition‐Galerkin reduced‐order discontinuous Galerkin time‐domain method
Authors: Li Kun , Huang Ting‐Zhu , Li Liang , Lanteri Stéphane 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this artice, we report on a reduced‐order model (ROM) based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique for the system of 3‐D time‐domain Maxwell's equations coupled to a Drude dispersion model, which is employed to describe the interaction of light with nanometer scale metallic structures. By using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method, the POD basis vectors are extracted offline from the snapshots produced by a high order discontinuous Galerkin time‐domain (DGTD) solver. With a Galerkin projection and a second order leap‐frog (LF2) time discretization, a discrete ROM is constructed. The stability condition of the ROM is then analyzed. In particular, when the boundary is a perfect electric conductor condition, the global energy of the ROM is bounded, which is consistent with the characteristics of global energy in the DGTD method. It is shown that the ROM based on Galerkin projection can maintain the stability characteristics of the original high dimensional model. Numerical experiments are presented to verify the accuracy, demonstrate the capabilities of the POD‐based ROM and assess its efficiency for 3‐D nanophotonic problems.
BMI and lipidomic biomarkers with risk of gestational diabetes in pregnant women
Authors: Wang Yi , Wu Ping , Huang Yichao , Ye Yi , Yang Xue , Sun Fengjiang , Ye Yi‐Xiang , Lai Yuwei , Ouyang Jing , Wu Linjing , Li Yue , Li Yanqin , Zhao Bin , Wang Yixin , Liu Gang , Pan Xiong‐Fei , Chen Da , Pan An 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to identify BMI‐related lipids and to explore the role of lipids linking BMI and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsPlasma lipidome, height, and weight were measured in early pregnancy among 1008 women. Pearson correlation analyses and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) were performed to identify BMI‐associated lipids. Based on these lipids, a lipid score was created using LASSO, and its association with GDM risk was evaluated by conditional logistic regression. The causal relationships between BMI and lipids were tested by Mendelian randomization analysis with genotyping data. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the mediating effect of lipids on the association of BMI with GDM.ResultsOf 366 measured lipids, BMI was correlated with 28 lipids, which mainly belong to glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids. A total of 10 lipid species were associated with BMI, and a lipid score was established. A causal relationship between BMI and lysophosphatidylcholine 14:0 was observed. The lipid score was associated with a 1.69‐fold increased risk of GDM per 1‐point increment (95% CI: 1.33‐2.15). Furthermore, BMI‐associated lipids might explain 66.4% of the relationship between BMI and GDM.ConclusionsHigher BMI in early pregnancy was associated with altered lipid metabolism that may contribute to the increased risk of GDM.
Preparation and properties of carboxylated cellulose nanofibers/monomer casting nylon composites
Authors: He Xiaofeng , Guo Fuqiang , Ge Tiejun , Tang Kaihong , Shi Shengnan , Geng Maofu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolyisocyanate was used to chemically functionalize carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF‐C). Composites of CNF‐C/ monomer casting nylon (MC nylon) and modified CNF‐C/MC nylon were fabricated by anionic ring‐opening polymerization. The mechanical characteristics of the MC nylon composites and the dispersion of the CNF‐C in the MC nylon were studied. The tensile strength and impact strength of composites were first increased with CNF‐C addition, but then decreased as further CNF‐C was added. The composites had good mechanical properties when CNF‐C was added to MC nylon at 1.0 wt%, and the tensile strength and impact strength were increased by 21.2% and 34.9%, respectively, compared to MC nylon. When modified CNF‐C was added at 1.5 wt%, the tensile strength of composites was increased by 47.90%. The addition of CNF‐C causes an increase in the melting point, crystallinity, and crystallization temperature, which was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The modified CNF‐C had better dispersibility in MC nylon which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Direct oral to parenteral anticoagulant transitions: Role of factor Xa inhibitor‐specific anti‐Xa concentrations
Authors: Dinunno Corey V. , Lopez Chelsea N. , Succar Luma , Nguyen Duc T. , Graviss Edward A. , Salazar Eric , Donahue Kevin R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe increasing use of oral factor Xa inhibitors (FXaI) has led to a growing interest in the clinical utility of laboratory monitoring to enhance safety and effectiveness. Particularly, the use of FXaI‐specific anti‐Xa concentrations has gained traction and been advocated for several indications, but limited studies have explored the role of anti‐Xa concentrations in guiding inpatient transitions from oral to parenteral anticoagulants. Therefore, additional data on such approaches are warranted to help balance bleeding and thrombotic risks in the higher acuity inpatient setting. This study sought to compare two strategies for oral‐to‐parenteral anticoagulant transitions: FXaI anti‐Xa concentration‐guided versus standard of care (i.e., per‐package insert).Study DesignThis was an observational, single‐center, retrospective cohort study conducted from May 2016 to May 2021. Hospitalized patients converted from an oral FXaI (apixaban or rivaroxaban) to therapeutic parenteral anticoagulation with or without FXaI anti‐Xa concentration guidance were reviewed. The primary outcome of major bleeding, according to the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis criteria, was compared between groups. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to evaluate patient characteristics associated with major bleeding events.ResultsA total of 845 patients (388 in the concentration‐guided group and 457 in the non‐concentration‐guided group) met the inclusion criteria. Major bleeding was significantly lower in the concentration‐guided versus the non‐concentration‐guided group (2.2% vs. 11.3%; p < 0.001, respectively). There were no differences between the groups in thromboembolic complications (1.8% concentration guided vs. 1.5% non‐concentration guided; p = 0.72) despite a significantly longer time from last oral FXaI dose to parenteral anticoagulant initiation in the concentration‐guided group (27.9 h vs. 15.1 h; p < 0.01). The concentration‐guided group had an 80% lower risk of major bleeding compared with the non‐concentration‐guided group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.39; p < 0.01).ConclusionsThis analysis suggests using FXaI anti‐Xa concentrations to guide the transition from oral to parenteral anticoagulants may be beneficial in reducing major bleeds in select patient populations.
Harnessing the power of single photons
Authors: Vergyris Panagiotis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe concept of photon counting is already a century old. However, we have only managed to harness its power over the last few decades. Generating and detecting these single quanta of light energy is essential for many applications and disruptive technologies that will solve many of today's global challenges, from super‐efficient photonic quantum processors and ultrasecure communication to highly accurate sensors for biomedical imaging. Single‐photon generation and detection technologies are redesigning the map of photonics applications.