bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tea smallholder livelihood development in cijulang village
Authors: Andini E R D , Sumadio W 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sustainability Livelihoods Approach is an approach used to measure households’ attempts to sustain their livelihoods. One of the livelihoods currently facing problems is that of tea smallholders. Tea plantations managed individually by farmers are phenomena to be found in several districts in West Java, one of which is the District of Sukabumi. As tea plantation holders the farmers also have several other livelihoods. This research aims to determine the pattern of development of livelihoods of the tea smallholders’ household by asset. The weighting of each asset the SLA is carried out based on the geography of the research location. Data collection is conducted through in-depth interviews with pre-determined informants. As households whose livelihoods come from primary economic activities, natural asset ownership is highly important. Households with high natural asset are always followed by high financial asset ownership. Meanwhile, high physical asset is followed by advantageous human asset. This enables farmers to develop various economic activities in the village in order to sustain their tea plantation production. However, tea smallholders with low natural asset face difficulties in diversifying economic activities in the village. Based on these facts, the conclusion of this research shows that the sustainability of tea plantation highly relies on ownership of natural assets in the form of the size of the plantation area.
The efficiency of semarang – pekalongan toll road in goods transportation
Authors: Pugara A , Pradana B , Puspasari D A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Trans Java toll road belongs to a strategic development program of the Indonesian Government. Towards toll roads, the time of travel can be shorted, hence the transportation cost becomes lower. Semarang – Pekalongan Toll road is part of the trans java program. It connects Semarang City and Pekalongan City. Semarang is identified as the trading city. In this city, many of product be promoted in the national or regional area. In the other side, Pekalongan is known as the centre of Batik. The connectivity between them aims to promote Batik to the large market. However, the travel cost by toll road is higher than by Pantura Road. By that fact, the toll road could be less efficient compare to Pantura road. Thus, this research wants to ensure the efficiency of Semarang – Pekalongan toll road. The research is conducted by deductive – rationalistic approach. The analytical method is statistic descriptives. Based on the analysis, the toll road is inefficient on goods movement in mid-distance (up to 100 km). The average cost of goods movement in the mid-distance in Pantura Road is 70 % lower compared to the toll road. Refer to that fact, the toll road pricing should be evaluated to improve efficiency.
Emission and co2 sequestration from land use and land cover change according to spatial planning in banyuasin regency, province of south sumatra
Authors: Firyadi  
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the carbon balance, emission, and CO2 sequestration due to land use and land cover change in Banyuasin Regency from 2004-2014. The methods applied in this study included determination of carbon balance using the matrix of land use change and land cover change, calculation of carbon for each carbon pool by allometric and destructive sampling method, calculation of organic C through the method of Walkley and Black, and method of stock difference for analyzing carbon stock change, CO2 emission and sequestration. Result of this study showed that carbon balance in Banyuasin Regency from 2004-2014 was negative with carbon loss of 22.033.277 tons and average annual carbon loss of 2.203.327 ton. Moreover, CO2 sequestration, emission, and net emission reached 29.298.966 tons, 118.044.141 tons, and 88.745.175 tons, respectively. Average net emission of CO2 from carbon pool of above-ground, necromass, litter, and below-ground was 7 tons ha-1 year-1, while CO2 emission from organic C in soil was 0,61 ton ha-1 year-1. It is expected that changes in peat swamp forest, secondary mangrove forest, primary mangrove forest, and secondary peat swamp forest majorly contributed to CO2 emission in Banyuasin Regency.
Analysis of NO2 pollutan gas emissions distributions in Bandung City
Authors: Prasetya A A , Nasrullah N , Sulistyantara B 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
NO2 pollution in urban area is mostly derived from emissions of vehicles, industries, households, and others. Those emissions continue to increase with the growth of pollutant sources, followed by population growth. In this category of an urban area like Bandung city, one of the most populated cities based on BPS [1], there are 2,5 million people, which excludes the commuters yet. NO2 pollutant is hazardous if it continues to be ignored because it can cause respiratory disorders until death. Facing these impacts, we need to establish adequate green open spaces that match those emissions. This reseach aims to calculated emission of NO2 pollutant in bandung using the zongan formula. There is 288.152 unit of vehicles that passes through the study area, 33 types of industries, and 284.978 households that support the amount of growth NO2 pollution with length area of Bandung city are 4738.90 Ha. According to the data shows that pollutions from housing have a big impact followed by transportation. There are LPG from housing that totalled NO2 emissions pollutant 675.255,371 g/gj and transportation all totalled 172.814,52 gr/ day.
Transport Management in Rural Areas to Improve Road Safety User
Authors: Praja S W , Pratama M R B 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Palembang-Jambi National road is located in the Musi Banyuasin Regency. The road section has a primary arterial function with a design speed of 60 km/hour. The Palembang-Jambi National road is a Sumatran highway that connects islands between provinces in Sumatra and Java. With such conditions, traffic problems arise in the form of traffic accidents. Therefore, to overcome these traffic problems, an analysis is needed to overcome these problems.
The analytical method used in this research the macro analysis and microanalysis. Macro analysis was carried out to determine the general characteristics of accidents, and the tendency of traffic accidents to occur on the Palembang-Jambi KM 212 road section. Macro analysis used simple numerical analysis, namely analysis of the time of the accident, analysis based on the month of occurrence, analysis of accident victims, and analysis of the type of accident. The microanalysis consists of several analyzes consisting analysis based on accident chronology data, analysis of factors causing accidents, analysis of instantaneous speed, and analysis of stopping visibility. After doing this analysis, it can be concluded that the factors that cause accidents that often occur at KM 212 Palembang - Jambi National Road are infrastructure factors and human factors. The infrastructure factor is the main factor in the accidents that occur. So that this research is needed to overcome these problems such as additions, replacements, and maintenance of road equipment facilities to technical requirements.
With this handling, it is to reduce the fatalities of crash severity and reduce the number of a traffiaccidentsnt on KM 212 the Palembang-Jambi National Road, Musi Banyuasin District.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on university students' use of campus green space and recommendations for post-epidemic green space management
Authors: Wang H , Manningtyas RT , Luo S , Danniswari D , Furuya K 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe impact of COVID-19 on university students’ utilization of campus’ green spaces and its need in the post-epidemic era was studied in this research. Data were collected from Chinese and Japanese university students using an online questionnaire. The findings show that COVID-19 induced campus lockdown affected students’ motivation to go to school, reduced the time spent on campus, and reduced school frequency. The lockdown encouraged students to explore the green spaces despite their inability to enter the campus. Arguably, COVID-19 has significantly influenced usage pattern of campus’ green spaces. In the post-pandemic era, students generally prefer integrated campus green spaces with wider areas. According to the one-way ANOVA, larger green spaces that can accommodate a lot of people are considered controversial by students coming from various countries and grades. This is because these may attract crowds, increasing the risk of infection. These findings have practical implications for administrators and designers of campus green spaces. Furthermore, the findings of this study could be used to improve campus green spaces in the post-pandemic era, resulting in a more appropriate campus environment for students.
Sustainable Urban Agroecopark Development Plan for Optimizing Local Community Welfare and Preserving Traditional Agriculture Land at Padang Panjang City West Sumatera Province
Authors: Nurisyah Siti , Jamaludin Abdul , Syahadat Ray March 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nature hilly area at Padang Panjang at West Sumatera Province is proposed to be sustainable agroecopark (SAEP) with dairy cow as main object. This urban recreation park is a healthy and educative outdoor space which is needed for accomodating new normal life type due to Covid 19 pandemic Study carried out on 3.2 Ha open space land at the city edge to create a conceptual park plan which could accommodate family leisure activity, increase local people welfare, and protect local landscape. Data and method of analysis used are descriptive analysis for site condition; RRA and CVM analysis for community acceptability. Published materials, site mapping and observation, survey and FGD were method of data collecting. Only 21% relatively flat area will developed as park actvities and facilities areas, and the rest hilly part will be preserved. Local community support SAEP development due to its positive impacts, and negative tourism impacts will be minimized by introducing sustainable park management model. Problems of job opportunity, forage supply and traditional agricultural land preservation will be solved with management of agriculture system of surrounding area. SAEP will be developed as interactive educational park in form of integrated farming within local nature and culture.
Evaluating the Accessibility of Networks in Earthquake Memorial Facilities for the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Nishisaka R , Yazawa Y , Furuya K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In areas affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, many museums and stone monuments were established to communicate the insights obtained from the disaster. As of April 2021, more than 200 facilities have been registered as “earthquake memorial facilities” by the government. However, most of these facilities are operated without guidance from the public. A comprehensive visitor plan is required to link each facility, and to effectively share disaster lessons. Accordingly, this study analyzed visitor access to earthquake memorial facilities, and clarified the geographical network connecting these establishments. It evaluated the accessibility of transportation for visitors, and considered ways of enhancing this network. To these ends, we created a list of earthquake memorial facilities that were constructed in the affected Tohoku region; we mapped these facilities using a geographic information system. A facility’s ease of access, as measured by the time taken to gain access, was analyzed on the basis of the distance between facilities, with transportation considered. The results were used to propose a network for an earthquake memorial facility. We also discussed the possibility of providing tours on the facility’s network, and discussed their relationships with transportation bases and other networks. For future use, we proposed a method for improving accessibility to each facility in the network.
“How we understand our place”: A Study of Japanese University student's Place Attachment and Desire to live to Rural Areas
Authors: Mao Yingming , He Lei , Furuya Katsunori 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Japan is facing increasingly severe challenges in rural areas, such as an aging and declining population and a lack of successors and young people. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan has emphasized that it is important to explain to younger generations the region's appeal for rural development. The purpose of this study was to understand how young Japanese university students' perceptions of rural areas, as well as what factors, influence their attachment to rural areas and willingness to reside there. 71 students from Chiba University in Japan were selected for the survey. Students were asked to tell their experiences in rural areas, and the traditional Place Attachment Scale was used to analyze. In addition, semantic analysis was used to analyze the results of the free description. As a result, we found that students' birthplace, visiting experience, degree of interaction with residents, willingness to migrate, and level of satisfaction with their visit affected their place attachment. Students are generally more satisfied with rural areas, but less willing to move. This research provides the following suggestions for improving young people's sense of responsibility and inheritance in rural areas,1) University can set up relevant courses on rural history, culture, and environment to improve students' knowledge and awareness of rural areas, and learn more about the environment and culture of rural areas. 2) In the Information Age, students should actively be encouraged to go to rural areas to engage in more nature.
The Design of Rajabasa Pocket Park based on Lampung Cultural Motifs
Authors: Franjaya E E , Sitompul R A , Satria W D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Bandar Lampung is the capital city of Lampung Province that faced massive development in this decade. Commercial and industrial buildings, settlements, and other infrastructures were rapidly developed. It is reasonable, because there are toll road development and some national strategic projects in Lampung Province, especially near Bandar Lampung. But, those development is not fully in line with the supporting infrastructure development like parks. Whereas the amount of green open spaces, especially parks, is still far from sufficient. It is important to take advantage of the remaining space to be a park, pocket park exactly. This study aims to create a design of a pocket park in a small area in Rajabasa-Bandar Lampung. We apply Lampung Cultural Motifs as a concept of design to make a unique pocket park that possibly becomes one of the destinations for visitors when they come to Bandar Lampung. It could be one of the objects of tourist attraction. A qualitative-descriptive method along with a landscape design technique was used in this study. The result of this study is 3D visualization designs of Rajabasa Pocket Park which apply some motifs of tapis, siger, and traditional script. The motif of tapis is applied on sidewall and floor while the pepadun siger and traditional script are applied as a landmark of the pocket park.
Place-Based Approach to Landscape Planning for Conservation of the Baduy Dalam Cultural Landscape
Authors: Septini Khairani Rizki , Pramukanto Qodarian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Baduy tribe is one of the Sundanese indigenous groups who still adhere to the customs of their ancestors, their life is dedicated to fulfilling the mandate of their ancestors in maintaining the balance and harmony of the universe. Development activities, locally and global climate change pose a threat to traditional tribes, such as the Baduy as well. These issues need to be solved through a study conducted by identifying various problems and threats to the Baduy Dalam and providing solutions in the form of a landscape plan. Landscape planning was developed through a place-based approach, in this approach a place is a unit of analysis containing the unique characteristics and local values that shape it. This research was carried out through the stages of preparation, inventory, analysis, synthesis, to create a landscape plan. Place units were analyzed through bioregional analysis by classifying landscapes hierarchically into three bioregional units, namely bioregion units, landscape units, and place units. The results of the classification and bioregional analysis of the Baduy Dalam landscape can be classified into 103 place units. Evaluation was carried out on each site unit based on threats and problems for each unit. The main issues found in the Baduy Dalam landscape is the limited availability of agricultural land resources (huma) which are used on a rotational basis, which has implications for decreasing land fertility. On the other hand, the population growth rate is quite high which requires increased demand for agricultural production land. The solution to these problems is realized in the form of a landscape plan which was developed based on the concept of spatial division by balancing the utilization area of land for productive use (huma, jami, reuma) in order to be able to meet the demands of the population for agricultural production land. Landscape plan was implemented in spatial plans (zoning), circulation plans, and vegetation plans.
Extending the degree of polarization concept to higher-order and orbital angular momentum Poincaré spheres
Authors: Marco David , Sánchez-López María Del Mar , Hernández-García Carlos , Moreno Ignacio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, the density matrix formalism that describes any standard polarization state (fully or partially polarized) is applied to describe vector beams and spatial modes with orbital angular momentum (OAM). Within this framework, we provide a comprehensive description of the mapping between the corresponding Poincaré spheres (PSs); namely: the polarization PS, the higher-order PS (HOPS) and the orbital angular momentum PS (OAMPS). Whereas previous works focus on states located on the surface of these spheres, here we study vector and scalar modes lying inside the corresponding PS. We show that they can be obtained as the incoherent superposition of two orthogonal vector (or scalar) modes lying on the corresponding sphere surface. The degree of polarization (DoP) of a classical polarization state is thus extended to vector beams and OAM modes. Experimental results validate the theoretical physical interpretation, where we used a q-plate to map any state in the polarization PS onto the HOPS, and a linear polarizer to finally project onto the OAMPS. Three input states to such q-plate-polarizer system are considered: totally unpolarized, partially polarized, and fully polarized light. For that purpose, we design a new polarization state generator, based on two geometric phase gratings and a randomly polarized laser, which generates partially polarized light in an efficient and controlled way. We believe that the extension of the DoP concept to vector and OAM beams introduces a degree of freedom to describe spatially polarization and phase variant light beams.
Composite wave-absorbing structure combining thin plasma and metasurface
Authors: HAO Zhian , LI Jianfei , XU Bin , YAO Jingfeng , YUAN Chengxun , WANG Ying , ZHOU Zhongxiang , WANG Xiaoou 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In order to solve the thickness dependence of plasma absorption of electromagnetic waves and further reduce the backward radar scattering cross section (RCS) of the target, we designed a novel composite structure of a metasurface and plasma. A metasurface with three absorption peaks is designed by means of an equivalent circuit based on an electromagnetic resonance type metamaterial absorber. The reflection and absorption of the composite structure are numerically and experimentally verified. The finite integration method was used to simulate a composite structure of finite size to obtain the RCS. The experimental measurements of electromagnetic wave reflection were conducted by a vector network analyzer (Keysight N5234A) and horn antennas, etc. The research showed that the absorption capacity of this composite structure was substantially improved compared to either the plasma or the metasurface, and it is more convenient for application due to its low plasma thickness requirement and easy fabrication.
Experimental study of a neutralizer-free gridded ion thruster using radio-frequency self-bias effect
Authors: YANG Zhi , GUO Honghui , BAI Jinwei , LI Yang , CAO Yong , ZHU Yu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An experimental study on the quasi-neutral beam extracted by a neutralizer-free gridded ion thruster prototype was presented. The prototype was designed using an inductively coupled plasma source terminated by a double-grid accelerator. The beam characteristics were compared when the accelerator was radio-frequency (RF) biased and direct-current (DC) biased. An RF power supply was applied to the screen grid via a blocking capacitor for the RF acceleration, and a DC power supply was directly connected to the screen grid for the DC acceleration. Argon was used as the propellant gas. Furthermore, the characteristics of the plasma beam, such as the floating potential, the spatial distribution of ion flux, and the ion energy distribution function (IEDF) were measured by a four-grid retarding field energy analyzer. The floating potential results showed that the beam space charge is compensated in the case of RF acceleration without a neutralizer, which is similar to the case of classical DC acceleration with a neutralizer. The ion flux of RF acceleration is 1.17 times higher than that of DC acceleration under the same DC component voltage between the double-grid. Moreover, there are significant differences in the beam IEDFs for RF and DC acceleration. The IEDF of RF acceleration has a widened and multi-peaked profile, and the main peak moves toward the high-energy region with increasing the DC self-bias voltage. In addition, by comparing the IEDFs with RF acceleration frequencies of 3.9 and 7.8 MHz, it is found that the IEDF has a more centered main peak and a narrower energy spread at a higher frequency.
Extreme ultraviolet spectral characteristic analysis of highly charged ions in laser-produced Cu plasmas
Authors: LI Maijuan , SU Maogen , LI Haoyang , MIN Qi , CAO Shiquan , SUN Duixiong , ZHANG Denghong , DONG Chenzhong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper reports the results of spectral measurements and a theoretical analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of laser-produced Cu plasma in vacuum in the range of 8–14 nm. The time dependence of the extreme ultraviolet band spectrum at different positions near the target surface was obtained and found to be dominated by three broad-band features. The 3p and 3d excitations of Cu5+–Cu9+ ions were calculated using the Hartree–Fock theory with configuration interactions. The characteristics of the spectral line distribution for the 3p–nd and 3d–nf transition arrays were analyzed. Based on the steady-state collisional radiation model and the normalized Boltzmann distribution, the complex spectral structure in the band of 13–14 nm is accurately explained through consistency comparisons and benchmarking between the experimental and theoretical simulation spectra, demonstrating that the structure mainly stems from the overlapping contribution of the 3d–4f and 3p–3d transition arrays for the Cu5+–Cu9+ ions. These results may help in studying the radiation characteristics of isoelectronic series highly-charged ions involving the 3d excitation process.