bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of image quality by regulating beta function of BSREM reconstruction algorithm and comparison with conventional reconstructions in carcinoma breast studies of PET CT with BGO detector
Authors: Dwivedi Pooja , Sawant Viraj , Vajarkar Vishal , Vatsa Rakhee , Choudhury Sayak , Jha Ashish Kumar , Rangarajan Venkatesh 
Published: November 2022

Background
The study aimed to evaluate the beta penalization factor of the BSREM reconstruction algorithm on a five-ring BGO-based PET CT system and compared it with conventional reconstructions.

Methods
Retrospective study involves 30 breast cancer patient data of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET CT for reconstruction with OSEM, OSEM + PSF, and BSREM under variable β factors ranging from 200 to 600 in the steps of 50. Liver noise, lesion SUVmax, SBR, and SNR for each reconstruction were calculated. Quantitative parameters of each beta factor of BSREM were compared with OSEM and OSEM + PSF, using the Wilcoxon sign rank test with Bonferroni correction, a value of P < 0.002 was considered statistically significant. Visual scoring by two readers was also evaluated.

Results
Thirty lesions of mean size 1.91 ± 0.58 cm range (0.7–3.6 cm) were identified. Liver noise and SBR were reduced, whereas SNR was increased with an increasing β value of BSREM. In comparison with OSEM, liver noise was not significantly different from β200 and β250. SNR of OSEM was significantly lower than any other β factors and SBR of β factor less than 500 was significantly higher than OSEM. In comparison with OSEM + PSF, liver noise was not significantly different from β400 and β350–500 do not show a significant difference in SNR and SBR compared with OSEM + PSF. β350 scored highest under visual scoring with a moderate agreement.

Conclusion
The study quantitatively indicates the optimum beta range of β250–450 and the qualitative evaluation indicates that β350 is an optimum beta factor of BSREM in breast cancer cases for 18F-FDG WB-PET CT.
Building design for couple relationship maintenance in congregate dementia care
Authors: Ren Tori Hui , Strickfaden Megan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
The main objectives of this article are to consider the relationships among couples, individuals, facility caregivers, and architectural design through 2 case studies that may influence maintaining couple relationships and the respective individuals’ quality of life.

Methods:
A phenomenological approach is taken through the case studies where the lived experiences of 2 couples—where each couple has one individual with and another without dementia—live in 2 different buildings. Multiple data collection methods included in-depth analysis of the building and grounds, interviews with residents and family members as well as facility caregivers and participant observations.

Results:
Both building designs featured suites with multiple rooms, independent living suites, and dementia care units to maintain couple-based routines as well as individuals’ needs. Having one suite located far away from the unit’s entrance hindered the spouse without dementia from maintaining connections outside the unit.

Conclusions:
The article highlights how building design can support as well as hinder the couple’s relationship maintenance and the individuals’ quality of life. We recommend considering building design opportunities for residents to maintain couple-based daily routines and for spousal residents to connect with the world outside the dementia care unit.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1 Trial of Radiopaque Islatravir-Eluting Subdermal Implants for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Against HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Matthews Randolph P. , Zang Xiaowei , Barrett Stephanie E. , Koynov Athanas , Goodey Adrian , Heimbach Tycho , Weissler Vanessa L. , Leyssens Carlien , Reynders Tom , Xu Zhiqing , Rottey Sylvie , Vargo Ryan , Robertson Michael N. , Stoch S. Aubrey , Iwamoto Marian 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Islatravir (MK-8591) is a deoxyadenosine analog in development for the treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection. An islatravir-eluting implant could provide an additional option for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Setting:
Previous data support a threshold islatravir triphosphate concentration for PrEP of 0.05 pmol/106 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Prototype islatravir-eluting implants were previously studied to establish general tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of islatravir relative to the threshold level.

Methods:
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial, a next-generation radiopaque islatravir-eluting implant (48 mg, 52 mg, or 56 mg) or placebo implant was placed for a duration of 12 weeks in participants at low risk of HIV infection. Safety and tolerability, as well as PK for islatravir parent and islatravir triphosphate from plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were assessed throughout placement and 8 weeks after removal.

Results:
In total, 36 participants (8 active and 4 placebo per dose arm) were enrolled and completed this study. Implants were generally well tolerated, with no discontinuations due to an adverse event, and no clear dose-dependence in implant-related adverse events. No clinically meaningful relationships were observed for changes in laboratory values, vital signs, or electrocardiogram assessments. Mean islatravir triphosphate levels at day 85 (0.101–0.561 pmol/106 cells) were above the PK threshold for all dose levels.

Conclusion:
Islatravir administered using a subdermal implant has the potential to be an effective and well-tolerated method for administering PrEP to individuals at risk of acquiring HIV-1.
Advances in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder
Authors: Wartchow Krista M. , Cordeiro Rafaela C. , Scaini Giselli 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Due to bipolar disorder clinical heterogeneity, a plethora of studies have provided new genetic, epigenetic, molecular, and cellular findings associated with its pathophysiology.

Recent findings
Genome-wide association studies and epigenetic evidence points to genotype–phenotype interactions associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, abnormalities in signaling pathways, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, and circadian rhythm linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder. Although the literature is constantly increasing, most of the genetic variants proposed as biomarkers remain to be validated by independent groups and use bigger samples and longitudinal approaches to enhance their power and predictive ability.

Summary
Regardless of which of the mechanisms described here plays a primary or secondary role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, all of these interact to worsen clinical outcomes for patients. Identifying new biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and response to treatment might provide novel targets to prevent progression and promote general well being.
Recent advances in sleep and depression
Authors: Mirchandaney Riya , Asarnow Lauren D. , Kaplan Katherine A. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
There is increasing interest in the connection between sleep disturbances and mood disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate current research on the role of sleep disturbance in the development of depression, as well as to describe recent advances in treatments that improve both sleep and depression symptoms.

Recent findings
Relevant publications included in this review cover a wide range of topics related to sleep and depression. Data from large longitudinal studies suggest that insomnia and evening circadian preference are unique risk factors for depression. Depression treatment studies indicate poorer outcomes for those with comorbid sleep disturbances. A few recent trials of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and triple chronotherapy in unipolar depression have shown promising results.

Summary
Sleep disturbance is a modifiable risk factor in the development and maintenance of depression. In the context of current depression, although the data is mixed, some evidence suggests treating sleep disturbance can improve overall outcomes. Recent evidence also suggests that treating sleep disturbance may prevent the future depressive episodes.
Partial Activation of PPAR-γ by Synthesized Quercetin Derivatives Modulates TGF-β1-Induced EMT in Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Ballav Sangeeta , Ranjan Amit , Basu Soumya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) possess very low survival rate due to poor response to chemotherapy and late detection. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as a major contributor to drive metastasis during NSCLC progression. Towards this, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is the key driver that endows cancer cells with increased aggressiveness. Recently, our group synthesized a series of Schiff base quercetin derivatives (QDs) and ascertained their effectiveness on EMT markers of A549 cell line. Our study evidenced that EMT process was counteracted via the partial activation of a nuclear hormone receptor, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ through QDs. Hence, here we extended our work to investigate the interplay between PPAR-γ partial activation by synthesized QDs, TGF-β1-induced EMT and migration in human lung cancer A549 cells. The results revealed that TGF-β1 played a critical role in suppressing PPAR-γ, which was markedly reversed and increased by partial agonists; QUE2FH and QUESH at both protein and transcriptional level. Compared to full agonists, rosiglitazone could not elevate PPAR-γ expression in the presence of TGF-β1 and had negligible effect on translocation of PPAR-γ to nucleus. The partial agonists not only stimulated PPAR-γ in balanced manner but also prevented the loss of E-cadherin and acquisition of TGF-β1-induced mesenchymal markers (Snail, Slug, Vimentin and Zeb-1). Subsequently, the effects were accompanied by attenuation of TGF-β1-induced migratory ability of A549 cells. Together, with the balanced activation profile of PPAR-γ ligands, our findings suggest that these novel partial agonists may serve as potential anti-cancer agents to impede metastasis.
Natural history of retinitis pigmentosa based on genotype, vitamin A/E supplementation, and an electroretinogram biomarker
Authors: Comander Jason , DiFranco Carol Weigel , Sanderson Kit , Place Emily , Maher Matthew , Zampaglione Erin , Zhao Yan , Huckfeldt Rachel , Bujakowska Kinga , Pierce Eric 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA randomized clinical trial that began in 1984 was conducted to determine the efficacy of vitamin A and E supplementation to reduce the rate of disease progression in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Vitamin A was shown to provide benefit while vitamin E had an adverse effect. Although genetic testing was unavailable at that time, banked DNA samples now provide the opportunity to combine modern genetic classifications with this extensively phenotyped longitudinal cohort. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of vitamin A would vary by genetic subtype, and that the electroretinogram (ERG) 30Hz cone flicker implicit time could serve as a biomarker to predict disease progression. Existing genetic solutions or usable DNA samples were available for 96% of subjects. The overall genetic solution rate was 587/765 (77%) of sequenced samples. Combining genetic solutions with ERG outcomes produced a coherent dataset describing the natural history of RP among patients with multiple genetic causes of disease. There were systematic differences in severity and progression seen among different genetic subtypes of RP, confirming and extending findings made for disease caused by mutations in the most common causative genes, includingUSH2A, RHO, RPGR, PRPF31, andEYS. Baseline 30Hz flicker implicit time was a strong predictor of progression rate. Analyses using additional data from the original trial in combination with using the implicit time as a predictive biomarker showed the deleterious effect of vitamin E on progression was still present, but surprisingly found that the effect of vitamin A progression in the cohort as a whole was not detectable. Adding additional subjects from later trials to increase power gave similar results. Subgroup analyses among the largest gene groups revealed a potential adverse effect of vitamin A supplementation in patients with disease due to mutations in theUSH2Agene and a trend toward benefit in patients with the p.Pro23His mutation in theRHOgene, based only on small groups. This study also demonstrated how genetic subtype and implicit time have significant predictive power for a patient’s rate of progression, which is useful prognostically. Validation of implicit time as a biomarker of disease progression, as demonstrated in this large cohort, may help with subject selection and endpoint selection in clinical trials for future experimental therapies. While vitamin E supplementation should still be avoided, these data do not support a generalized neuroprotective effect of vitamin A for all types of RP.
Rethinking Transfer Learning for Medical Image Classification
Authors: Peng Le , Liang Hengyue , Luo Gaoxiang , Li Taihui , Sun Ju 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTransfer learning (TL) from pretrained deep models is a standard practice in modern medical image classification (MIC). However, what levels of features to be reused are problem-dependent, and uniformly finetuning all layers of pretrained models may be suboptimal. This insight has partly motivated the recentdifferentialTL strategies, such as TransFusion (TF) and layer-wise finetuning (LWFT), which treat the layers in the pretrained models differentially. In this paper, we add one more strategy into this family, calledTruncatedTL, which reuses and finetunes appropriate bottom layers and directly discards the remaining layers. This yields not only superior MIC performance but also compact models for efficient inference, compared to other differential TL methods. Our code is available at:https://github.com/sun-umn/TTL.
Exploring the longitudinal associations of functional network connectivity and psychiatric symptom changes in youth
Authors: Dall’Aglio Lorenza , Estévez-López Fernando , López-Vicente Mónica , Xu Bing , Agcaoglu Oktay , Boroda Elias , Lim Kelvin O. , Calhoun Vince D. , Tiemeier Henning , Muetzel Ryan L. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundFunctional connectivity has been associated with psychiatric problems, both in children and adults, but inconsistencies are present across studies. Prior research has mostly focused on small clinical samples with cross-sectional designs.MethodsWe adopted a longitudinal design with repeated assessments to investigate associations between functional network connectivity (FNC) and psychiatric problems in youth (9- to 17-year-olds) from the general population. The largest single-site study of pediatric neurodevelopment was used: Generation R (N= 3,131). Psychiatric symptoms were measured with the Child Behavioral Checklist as broadband internalizing and externalizing problems, and its eight specific syndrome scales (e.g., anxious-depressed). FNC was assessed with two complementary approaches. First, static FNC (sFNC) was measured with graph theory-based metrics. Second, dynamic FNC (dFNC), where connectivity is allowed to vary over time, was summarized into 5 states that participants spent time in. Cross-lagged panel models were used to investigate the longitudinal bidirectional relationships of sFNC with internalizing and externalizing problems. Similar cross-lagged panel models were run for dFNC.ResultsSmall longitudinal relationships between dFNC and certain syndrome scales were observed, especially for baseline syndrome scales (i.e., rule-breaking, somatic complaints, thought problems, and attention problems) predicting connectivity changes. However, no association between any of the psychiatric problems (broadband and syndrome scales) with either measure of FNC survived correction for multiple testing.ConclusionWe found no or very modest evidence for longitudinal associations between psychiatric problems with dynamic and static FNC in this population-based sample. Differences in findings may stem from the population drawn, study design, developmental timing and sample sizes.
Streptococcus pyogenescolonization in children aged 24-59 months in The Gambia: Impact of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine and associated serological responses
Authors: Keeley Alexander J. , Groves Danielle , Armitage Edwin P. , Senghore Elina , Jagne Ya Jankey , Sallah Hadijatou J. , Drammeh Sainabou , Angyal Adri , Hornsby Hailey , de Crombrugghe Gabrielle , Smeesters Pierre , Rossi Omar , Carducci Martina , Peno Chikondi , Bogaert Debby , Kampmann Beate , Marks Michael , Shaw Helen A. , Turner Claire E. , de Silva Thushan I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmunity toStreptococcus pyogenesin high burden settings is poorly understood. We exploredS. pyogenesnasopharyngeal colonization after intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) among Gambian children aged 24-59 months, and resulting serological response to 7 antigens.MethodsA post-hoc analysis was performed in 320 children randomized to receive LAIV at baseline (LAIV group) or not (control).S. pyogenescolonization was determined by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs from baseline (D0), day 7 (D7) and day 21 (D21). Anti-streptococcal IgG was quantified, including a subset with paired serum pre/postS. pyogenesacquisition.ResultsThe point prevalence ofS. pyogenescolonization ranged from 7-13%. In children negative at D0,S. pyogeneswas detected at D7 or D21 in 18% of LAIV group and 11% of control group participants (p=0.12). The odds ratio (OR) for colonization over time was significantly increased in the LAIV group (D21 vs D0 OR 3.18, p=0.003) but not in the control group (OR 0.86, p=0.79). The highest IgG increases following asymptomatic colonization were seen for M1 and SpyCEP proteins.ConclusionsAsymptomaticS. pyogenescolonization appears modestly increased by LAIV, and may be immunologically significant. LAIV could be used to study influenza-S. pyogenesinteractions.
A Multi-Laboratory Evaluation of Commercial Monkeypox Molecular Tests
Authors: Erster Oran , Levy Itzchak , Kabat Areej , Menasheh Batya , Levy Virginia , Assraf Hadar , Azar Roberto , Ben-Zvi Haim , Bridenstein Rita , Bondar Olga , Fadeela Ayman , Keren-Naus Ayelet , Peretz Avi , Roif-Kaminsky Diana , Saleh Lolu , Schreiber Lisita , Schwartz Orna , Shaked Pninit , Sorek Nadav , Strauss Merav , Steinberg Rachel , Treygerman Orit , Zisman-Rozen Simona , Yshai Ruth , Tejman-Yarden Noa , Mendelson Ella , Sofer Danit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this report, we describe the first national scale multi-laboratory evaluation of commercial quantitative PCR kits for detection of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of two kits by different diagnostic laboratories across Israel. A panel of 10 standardized samples was tested simultaneously using the Novaplex (15 laboratories) and Bio-Speedy (seven laboratories) kits. An in-house assay based on previously published tests was used as reference. Comparison of the results showed high intra-assay consistency between laboratories, with small variations for most samples.The sensitivity of the two kits was similar to that of the in-house assay, with an analytical detection limit of less than ten copies per reaction. Significant differences were observed, however, in the Cq values and relative fluorescence (RF), between the assays. The RF signal of the in-house and Bio-Speedy assay ranged between 5,000 and 10,000 RFU, while the signal in the Novaplex assay was less than 600 RFU. Due to the kit measurement protocol, the Cq values of the Bio-Speedy kit were 5-7.5 cycles lower than those of the In-house assay. On the contrary, the Cq values of the Novaplex kit were significantly higher than those of the in-house assay, with differences of 3-5 cycles per sample.Our results suggest that while all assays were similar in their overall sensitivity, direct comparison of Cq values between them may be misleading. Additionally, the low fluorescence obtained with the Novaplex kit may be problematic with marginal or “noisy” samples. Diagnostic laboratories should therefore consider all these aspects when choosing a specific MPX detection assay.
Handheld chromatic pupillometry can reliably detect functional glaucomatous damage in eyes with high myopia
Authors: Finkelstein Maxwell T. , Nongpiur Monisha E. , Husain Rahat , Perera Shamira A. , Baskaran Mani , Wong Tina T , Aung Tin , Milea Dan , Najjar Raymond P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess pupillary light responses (PLRs) in eyes with high myopia and evaluate the ability of handheld chromatic pupillometry (HCP) to identify glaucomatous functional loss in eyes with high myopia.DesignCross-sectional study with prospective data collection.MethodsParticipants included 28 emmetropes (EM), 24 high myopes without glaucoma (HM), and 17 high myopes with confirmed glaucoma (HMG), recruited at the Singapore National Eye Center. Monocular PLRs were evaluated using a custom-built handheld pupillometer that recorded changes in horizontal pupil radius in response to 9 seconds of exponentially increasing blue (469.1nm) and red (640.1nm) lights. Fifteen pupillometric features were compared between groups. A logistic regression model (LRM) was used to distinguish HMG eyes from non-glaucomatous eyes (EM and HM).ResultsAll pupillometric features were similar between EM and HM groups. Phasic constriction to blue (P<0.001) and red (P=0.006) lights, and maximum constriction to blue light (P<0.001) were reduced in HMG compared to EM and HM. Pupillometric features of melanopsin function (PIPR AUC 0-12s (P<0.001) and PIPR 6s (P=0.01) to blue light) were reduced in HMG. Using only three pupillometric features, the LRM could classify glaucomatous from non-glaucomatous eyes with an AUC of 0.89 (95%CI: 0.77–1.00), sensitivity 94.1% (82.4%–100.0%) and specificity 78.8% (67.3%–90.4%).ConclusionsPLRs to ramping-up light stimuli are unaltered in highly myopic eyes without other diagnosed ocular conditions. Conversely, HCP can distinguish glaucomatous functional loss in highly myopic eyes and may be a useful tool to detect/confirm the presence of glaucoma in patients with high myopia.