bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of sedentary behaviour and physical activity with periodontal disease in NHANES 2011–2012
Authors: Almohamad Maha , Krall Kaye Elizabeth , Mofleh Dania , Spartano Nicole L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimPeriodontal disease is one of the most prevalent oral pathologies and a major chronic disease worldwide. Lifestyle habits such as poor nutrition and smoking have been established to contribute to the development of periodontal disease, but limited research has investigated whether physical activity and sedentary lifestyle play a role. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and periodontal disease.Materials and MethodsWe used a nationally representative data set from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012. We examined the association between physical activity and sedentary behaviour and periodontal disease using multivariable logistic regression models and reported odds ratios (ORs).ResultsIndividuals with higher total physical activity, higher leisure time physical activity, and lower amount of total sedentary behaviour had lower periodontal disease prevalence. Adjusted multivariable regression models showed that higher sedentary behaviour (more than 7.5 h/day) was associated with higher odds of periodontal disease (OR = 1.17; 95% confidence interval = 1.00–1.36; p = .045).ConclusionsThe findings showed that higher sedentary behaviour is associated with higher odds of periodontal disease. Future prospective longitudinal studies and strategies are needed to investigate implications further and define the magnitude of the association between physical activity and periodontal disease.
Association of periodontitis with tinnitus: A population‐based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Su Suzanne Ying‐Shan , Chien Wu‐Chien , Chung Chi‐Hsiang , Su Wan‐Fu , Fu Earl 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTinnitus, ringing in the ears, is speculated to be driven by inflammation. This study examined whether periodontitis is a risk factor for tinnitus using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database.Materials and MethodsAmong the 79,456 patients who visited for dental concerns, 11,055 patients who were diagnosed with periodontitis and underwent periodontal treatment between 2000 and 2015 were enrolled in Group 1. After matching for sex, age, and index year, 11,055 patients with periodontitis who received no treatment were enrolled in Group 2. Similarly, 11,055 participants without periodontitis were included as controls.ResultsAt the end of the follow‐up, 412 and 404 participants in the two periodontitis groups and 321 participants in the control group had tinnitus. Cumulative risk for tinnitus in Group 1 or 2 was significantly greater than in the control group. More periodontitis patients than controls developed tinnitus (adjusted hazard ratios were 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49–1.97, p < .001) and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.37–1.86, p < .001) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively). The risks were not significantly different between Groups 1 and 2. Similar findings were obtained after excluding data for the first 1 or 5 years.ConclusionsThe study findings indicate that periodontitis is associated with tinnitus.
Volumetric parameters from [18F]FDG PET/CTpredicts survival in patients with high‐grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Langen Stokmo Henning , Aly Mahmoud , Bowitz Lothe Inger Marie , Borja Austin J. , Mehdizadeh Seraj Siavash , Ghorpade Rina , Miao Xuan , Hjortland Geir Olav , Malinen Eirik , Sorbye Halfdan , Werner Thomas J. , Alavi Abass , Revheim Mona‐Elisabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA positive fluorine‐18 labelled 2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoroglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been associated with more aggressive disease and less differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). Although a high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) predicts poor outcome in NEN, volumetric parameters from [18F]FDG PET have not been evaluated for prognostication in a pure high‐grade gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NEN cohort. In this retrospective observational study, we evaluated the volumetric PET parameters total metabolic tumour volume (tMTV) and total total lesion glycolysis (tTLG) for independent prognostication of overall survival (OS). High‐grade GEP NEN patients with [18F]FDG PET/CT examination and biopsy within 90 days were included. Total MTV and tTLG were calculated using an adaptive thresholding software. Patients were dichotomised into low and high metabolic groups based on median tMTV and tTLG. OS was compared using Kaplan–Meier estimator and log‐rank test. Uni and multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate effect sizes and adjust for tumour differentiation and SUVmax. Sixty‐six patients (median age 64 years) were included with 14 NET G3 and 52 NEC cases after histological re‐evaluation. Median tMTV was 208 cm3and median tTLG 1899 g. Median OS in the low versus high tMTV‐group was 21.2 versus 5.7 months (HR 2.53,p = 0.0007) and 22.8 versus 5.7 months (HR 2.42,p = 0.0012) in the tTLG‐group. Adjusted for tumour differentiation and SUVmax, tMTV and tTLG still predicted for poor OS, and both tMTV and tTLG were stronger prognostic parameters than SUVmax. Both regression models showed a strong association between volumetric parameters and OS for both neuroendocrine tumours (NET) G3 and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). OS for the tTLG low metabolic NEC was much higher than for the tTLG high metabolic NET G3 (18.3 vs. 5.7 months). High‐grade GEP NEN patients with high tMTV or tTLG had a worse OS regardless of tumour differentiation (NET G3 or NEC). Volumetric PET parameters were stronger prognostic parameters than SUVmax.
The correlation between the severity of symptoms and the thickness of the fat fold in cellulite‐affected areas—A pilot study
Authors: Kołodziejczak Anna , Jatczak Agata , Rotsztejn Helena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the cellulite severity and the thickness of the fat fold.Material and methodsThe study comprised 62 women aged 22 to 26 years. A palpation and visual evaluation of cellulite severity was performed on the basis of the Nurnberger and Muller classification, and the thickness of adipose tissue (fatty tissue) was measured with the use of a skinfold caliper.ResultsThe H0 hypothesis was rejected in favor of the H1 hypothesis (p < 0.001) in the chi‐square independence test; therefore, a relationship between the thickness of the adipose tissue fold and the severity of cellulite was confirmed. Moreover, on the basis of obtained results, the hypothesis of the independence of the studied variables (p < 0.0000001) was also rejected. It can be concluded that there is an association between the thickness of adipose tissue and the degree of cellulite. Moreover, the values of the obtained coefficients are greater than zero (the correlation is positive), and the obtained Spearman's R (0.89) and Kendall's tau (0.79) values indicate a very strong correlation between the studied variables.ConclusionsOn the basis of obtained results and their statistical analysis, we can state that there is a relationship between the degree of cellulite and the thickness of the fat fold—the degree of cellulite increases with the increase in the thickness of the measured fat fold.
Management of illicit substances in hospital: An evaluation of policy and procedure implementation
Authors: Penta Stephanie , DeAngelis Alyssa , Raymond Holly , Vucenic Bojana , Kay Victoria , Gladysz Hollie , McCarron Catherine , Holshausen Katherine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious research has identified illicit substance use on hospital property as an ongoing concern, particularly in inpatient mental health units. This research, combined with concerns raised by healthcare providers, patients, and patients’ families, resulted in one hospital in a medium‐sized city in Canada enacting two internal strategies for the management of illicit substances on hospital property. The unit‐based Green‐Yellow‐Red procedure employs environmental scanning and regular risk assessment to report the incidence rate of illicit substances suspected and/or found in the unit, to inform staff of the extent of necessary interventions which should ensue. The hospital‐wide Management of Illicit Substances protocol includes ten steps which can be followed by any staff member who suspects they have found an illicit substance or related paraphernalia on hospital grounds. This paper discusses the creation and implementation of these two strategies, as well as associated challenges and outcomes of each. Overall, these strategies have effectively functioned to mitigate the potential dangers of exposure to illicit substances for staff and patients alike. These results stand to encourage other institutions to implement similar strategies in order to better manage situations in which illicit substances are suspected or discovered on hospital property.
Urban‐rural disparities in childhood obesogenic environments in the United States: Application of differing rural definitions
Authors: Wende Marilyn E. , Meyer M. Renée Umstattd , Abildso Christiaan G. , Davis Kara , Kaczynski Andrew T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch is needed that identifies environmental resource disparities and applies multiple rural definitions. Therefore, this study aims to examine urban‐rural differences in food and physical activity (PA) environment resource availability by applying several commonly used rural definitions. We also examine differences in resource availability within urban‐rural categories that are typically aggregated.MethodsSix food environment variables (access to grocery/superstores, farmers' markets, fast food, full‐service restaurants, convenience stores, and breastfeeding‐friendly facilities) and 4 PA environment variables (access to exercise opportunities and schools, walkability, and violent crimes) were included in the childhood obesogenic environment index (COEI). Total COEI, PA environment, and food environment index scores were generated by calculating the average percentile for related variables. US Department of Agriculture Urban Influence Codes, Office of Management and Budget codes, Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes, Census Bureau Population Estimates for percent rural, and Rural Urban Commuting Area Codes were used. One‐way ANOVA was used to detect urban‐rural differences.ResultsThe greatest urban‐rural disparities in COEI (F=310.2, P<.0001) and PA environment (F=562.5, P<.0001) were seen using RUCC codes. For food environments, the greatest urban‐rural disparities were seen using Census Bureau percent rural categories (food: F=24.9, P<.0001). Comparing remote rural categories, differences were seen for food environments (F=3.1, P=.0270) and PA environments (F=10.2, P<.0001). Comparing metro‐adjacent rural categories, differences were seen for PA environment (F=4.7, P=.0090).ConclusionFindings inform future research on urban and rural environments by outlining major differences between urban‐rural classifications in identifying disparities in access to health‐promoting resources.
The denture microbiome in health and disease: an exploration of a unique community
Authors: Redfern J. , Tosheva L. , Malic S. , Butcher M. , Ramage G. , Verran J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe United Nations suggests the global population of denture wearers (an artificial device that acts as a replacement for teeth) is likely to rise significantly by the year 2050. Dentures become colonized by microbial biofilms, the composition of which is influenced by complex factors such as patient’s age and health, and the nature of the denture material. Since colonization (and subsequent biofilm formation) by some micro-organisms can significantly impact the health of the denture wearer, the study of denture microbiology has long been of interest to researchers. The specific local and systemic health risks of denture plaque are different from those of dental plaque, particularly with respect to the presence of the opportunist pathogen Candida albicans and various other nonoral opportunists. Here, we reflect on advancements in our understanding of the relationship between micro-organisms, dentures, and the host, and highlight how our growing knowledge of the microbiome, biofilms, and novel antimicrobial technologies may better inform diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of denture-associated infections, thereby enhancing the quality and longevity of denture wearers.
Development of a nested real time PCR/high resolution melting assay for human T-cell lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and 2) identification
Authors: Caputo Mariela , Trinks Julieta , Azcurra Marcela , Corach Daniel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are present in different high-risk populations, such as sexual workers and injecting drug users (IDUs). HTLV-1 is endemic in areas of Middle East, Southern Japan and Latin America, whereas HTLV-2 infection is endemic among some Native Americans and some Central African tribes. The pathogenic consequences and clinical manifestations of these two viruses differ significantly, demanding an adequate identification; therefore, proper diagnosis of HTLV-1 and 2 infection is crucial. To get a final diagnosis of HTLV-1 or 2 infection, it is recommended that positive serologic samples should be confirmed by PCR assays or western blot (WB) analysis. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and implement a simple reaction for the rapid identification of HTLV-1 and 2. Nested real-time PCR technique followed by high resolution melting was performed based on the tax/rex sequences of HTLV-1 (M2) and HTLV-2 (MoT) cell lines perfectly discriminating between HTLV-1 from HTLV-2, by distinct melting curve profiles. The sensitivity assay of this method revealed that at least 1 viral copy of HTLV-1 or 1·5 viral copy of HTLV-2 could be amplified. Later, this method was validated using 200 blood samples from corpses. In agreement with previous epidemiological, the HTLV-1 and 2 prevalence was 1·5% (CI 95%: 0·31–4·3) and 0·5% (CI 95%: 0·013–2·75), respectively. The strategy proposed herein has some advantages over other PCR-based tests because it not only reduces considerably time and the costs of the total diagnosis but also allows detection and discrimination of HTLV-1 and 2 in the same reaction.
William Blake the designer: The reception of Robert Blair's “Graveˮ in Serbia
Authors: Bakić Tanja 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt was in 2015 that the Blair edition featuring Blake's design first appeared in the Serbian language. Simultaneously, it was the first time in Serbia that Blake was approached solely as an artist, and not as a poet, i. e. not as the author of The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1793) or Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1789)—works he was mainly recognised for there. The aim of this article is to bring the figure of William Blake the designer closer to the Serbian reader, and to set it apart from the previously dominant figure of Blake the poet, when it comes to his reception in that country. Our conclusions point towards Blake the designer acting as a constructive reader, deconstructing the meaning of Blair's poem which he designed, confirming the notion by Morris Eaves (1980) that Blake was his own sole audience. We also tend to examine the hitherto neglected relationships that exist between English Graveyard Poetry and the so‐called “Serbian Graveyard Poetry”.
Comparison of point‐shear wave elastography (ElastPQ) and transient elastography (FibroScan) for liver fibrosis staging in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Roccarina Davide , Iogna Prat Laura , Pallini Giada , Guerrero Misas Marta , Buzzetti Elena , Saffioti Francesca , Aricò Francesco M. , Mantovani Anna , Koutli Evangelia , Goyale Atul , Rosselli Matteo , Luong Tu Vinh , Pinzani Massimo , Tsochatzis Emmanuel A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsElastPQ is a point shear wave elastography technique used to non‐invasively assess liver fibrosis. We compared liver stiffness measurements (LSM) by ElastPQ and fibroscan transient elastography (F‐TE) in a cohort of patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We further evaluated the performance of ElastPQ in a subgroup of patients with available liver histology.Materials and MethodsWe included patients with NAFLD who presented in a dedicated multidisciplinary clinic. Anthropometric parameters, blood tests and elastography measurements were obtained using F‐TE and ElastPQ as part of routine clinical care.ResultsWe enrolled 671 patients with NAFLD, mean age 55.8 ± 13 years, body mass index (BMI) 31.5 ± 5.7 kg/m2, 56.6% males, 41% diabetes, 53.7% hypertension, 68% dyslipidaemia. ElastPQ showed an excellent correlation with F‐TE (Spearman's r = 0.80, p < .001), which was better for mild/moderate stages of fibrosis. Independent predictors of a >2 kPa discrepancy between the two techniques were a larger waist circumference and F‐TE ≥10 kPa. In the subgroup of 159 patients with available histology, ElastPQ showed similar diagnostic accuracy with F‐TE in staging liver fibrosis (ElastPQ area under the curves 0.84, 0.83, 0.86 and 0.95, for F ≥ 1, F ≥ 2, F ≥ 3 and F = 4 respectively). Optimal cut‐off values of ElastPQ for individual fibrosis stages were lower than those of F‐TE.ConclusionsElastPQ shows an excellent correlation with F‐TE in patients with NAFLD, which was better for lower LSM. The optimal cut‐off values of ElastPQ are lower than those of F‐TE for individual stages of fibrosis. ElastPQ has similar diagnostic accuracy to F‐TE for all stages of fibrosis.
Clinical practice gaps and challenges in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis care: An international physician needs assessment
Authors: Lazure Patrice , Tomlinson Jeremy W. , Kowdley Kris V. , Magni Paolo , Santos Raul D. , Jacobs Ginny , Murray Suzanne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsEven as several pharmacological treatments for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are in development, the incidence of NASH is increasing on an international scale. We aim to assess clinical practice gaps and challenges of hepatologists and endocrinologists when managing patients with NASH in four countries (Germany/Italy/United Kingdom/United States) to inform educational interventions.MethodsA sequential mixed‐method design was used: qualitative semi‐structured interviews followed by quantitative online surveys. Participants were hepatologists and endocrinologists practising in one of the targeted countries. Interview data underwent thematic analysis and survey data were analysed with chi‐square and Kruskal‐Wallis tests.ResultsMost interviewees (n = 24) and surveyed participants (89% of n = 224) agreed that primary care must be involved in screening for NASH, yet many faced challenges involving and collaborating with them. Endocrinologists reported low knowledge of which blood markers to use when suspecting NASH (56%), when to order an MRI (65%) or ultrasound/FibroScan® (46%), and reported sub‐optimal skills interpreting alanine aminotransferase (ALT, 37%) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, 38%) blood marker test results, causing difficulty during diagnosis. Participants believed that more evidence is needed for upcoming therapeutic agents; yet, they reported sub‐optimal knowledge of eligibility criteria for clinical trials. Knowledge and skill gaps when managing comorbidities, as well as skill gaps facilitating patient lifestyle changes were reported.ConclusionsEducational interventions are needed to address the knowledge and skill gaps identified and to develop strategies to optimize patient care, which include implementing relevant care pathways, encouraging referrals and testing, and multidisciplinary collaboration, as suggested by the recent Global Consensus statement on NAFLD.
Molecular response of Sargassum vulgare to acidification at volcanic CO2 vents: Insights from proteomic and metabolite analyses
Authors: Kumar Amit , Nonnis Simona , Castellano Immacolata , AbdElgawad Hamada , Beemster Gerrit T. S. , Buia Maria Cristina , Maffioli Elisa , Tedeschi Gabriella , Palumbo Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOcean acidification is impacting marine life all over the world. Understanding how species can cope with the changes in seawater carbonate chemistry represents a challenging issue. We addressed this topic using underwater CO2 vents that naturally acidify some marine areas off the island of Ischia. In the most acidified area of the vents, having a mean pH value of 6.7, comparable to far‐future predicted acidification scenarios (by 2300), the biomass is dominated by the brown alga Sargassum vulgare. The novelty of the present study is the characterization of the S. vulgare proteome together with metabolite analyses to identify the key proteins, metabolites, and pathways affected by ocean acidification. A total of 367 and 387 proteins were identified in populations grown at pH that approximates the current global average (8.1) and acidified sites, respectively. Analysis of their relative abundance revealed that 304 proteins are present in samples from both sites: 111 proteins are either higher or exclusively present under acidified conditions, whereas 120 proteins are either lower or present only under control conditions. Functionally, under acidification, a decrease in proteins related to translation and post‐translational processes and an increase of proteins involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis, oxidation–reduction processes, and protein folding were observed. In addition, small‐molecule metabolism was affected, leading to a decrease of some fatty acids and antioxidant compounds under acidification. Overall, the results obtained by proteins and metabolites analyses, integrated with previous transcriptomic, physiological, and biochemical studies, allowed us to delineate the molecular strategies adopted by S. vulgare to grow in future acidified environments, including an increase of proteins involved in energetic metabolism, oxidation–reduction processes, and protein folding at the expense of proteins involved in translation and post‐translational processes.
When is the long run?—Historical time and adjustment periods in demand‐led growth models
Authors: Gallo Ettore 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, Post‐Keynesian analysis has been characterized by a renewed interest in long‐run theories of growth and distribution. While many authors have focused on the convergence of demand‐led growth models to a fully adjusted equilibrium, relatively little attention has been given to the time required to reach this long‐run position. In order to fill the gap, this paper seeks to answer the question of when is the long run in demand‐led growth models. By making use of numerical integration, it analyses the time of adjustment from one steady‐state to the other in two well‐known demand‐led growth models: the Sraffian Supermultiplier and the fully adjusted version of the neo‐Kaleckian model. The results show that the adjustment period is generally beyond an economically meaningful time span, suggesting that researchers and policy makers ought to pay more attention to the models' predictions during the traverse rather than focusing on steady‐state positions.