bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corn Germ Color Detection during Storage in Kendal Regency, Central Java
Authors: Al-Baarri A N , Hadipernata M , Legowo A M , Abduh S B M , Pratiwi A F , Setyadi B , Ranini A A , Lestari F P , Pangestika W , Afra Mawarid A , Somantri M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Kendal is in Central Java, Indonesia, and has large production in corn and prominent corn-produced-regency in Indonesia. Two varieties have been cultivated in this regency but no documentation on its appearance in germ color. This research was done to analyze the corn ness, yellowness, mushroom smell, and RH in the corn as a heating process to decrease water content in corn prior to its storage. The research used NK212 and Perkasa 72 corn varieties which were commonly obtained in this local area. The shininess, color appearance, and smell senses of the 25 panelists were used to detect shininess, yellowness, and mildew odor. The obtained data was explained using the relative humidity or RH value as supporting data. The automatic RH meter that was integrated and synchronized in the cloud was used to detect the RH of the corn seed. All samples were placed in the glass box with no additional treatment but was covered using thin cloth to avoid contamination and infection. The corn was stored for 6 months. As result, shininess, yellowness, mildew odor, and RH value provided specific value among these two varieties.
Preparation of Starch Phosphate Microparticle Derived from Cassava Starch
Authors: Sondari D , Suwarda R , Restu Pratiwi F , Muawanah A , Ajias Pramasari D , Ahmad A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Starch is a vital ingredient that is frequently utilized in the culinary and pharmaceutical industries. However, native starch has drawbacks, namely low solubility and intolerance with extreme pH and temperature treatments. Therefore, the starch needs to be modified. Starch phosphate is one of chemical modification technique for starch that used a cross-linking agent such as sodium trimethaphosphate (STMP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or phosphate chloride (PCl3). This research aims to prepare the microparticles of modified starch from water in oil microemulsion to be applied as a drug delivery matrix. Starch phosphate was modified with a cross-linking method using sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP). The starch used was Cassava starch. Water in oil microemulsion was made with various surfactant compositions as emulsifiers according to Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) variations values (4.5; 5.0; 5.5; 6.0) and sonication time 30 minutes. The solubility, swelling, and other physicochemical properties of phosphate starch were investigated. Additionally, the functional group analysis used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and size particle analysis was performed using Particle Size Analysis (PSA). The result of the FTIR analysis confirmed that the presence of a phosphate groups in the modified starch has been found. The addition of cosurfactants and sonication treatment affected the characteristics of starch microparticles, the higher the HLB value and the addition of cosurfactants reduced the size of starch microparticles.
Electrochemical evaluation of mucilage and cochineal pigments as a hybrid film coating on aluminum surfaces
Authors: López-León L D , Sánchez-Ortiz William , Guerrero A Lobo , Ruiz-Ochoa Juan A , Lizárraga-Mendiola Liliana , Castañeda-Robles Iván E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work deals with the electrochemical evaluation of a hybrid coating based on mucilage and prickly pear cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) for corrosion protective applications. The Opuntia streptacantha mucilage was extracted by grinding prickly pear cochineal, and three coatings containing mucilague (CM), cochineal-mucilage (CMC), and cochineal-mucilage without Tween 80 (CMC-T) were formulated. The aluminum working electrodes (WE) were coated by immersion and then left to dry for 72 h at room temperature. The formed coats were assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical noise, and potentiodynamic polarization curves after 24, 72, and 168 h of immersion in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. These electrochemical measurements were performed in triplicate to check reproducibility. The Tween 80 plasticizer-free cochineal-mucilage-based hybrid coating reveals more excellent protection against corrosion than uncoated aluminum. Optical micrographs were used to set apart the conditions of the hybrid coating after its valuation, which show the protection of the metallic surface on which it was not coated. Results showed that the hybrid coating has suitable properties as a barrier against corrosion due to its ability to block the aggressive species diffusion by trapping them in the coating structure, which prevents their contact with the metal surface. This property is attributable to better mucilage and cochineal film homogeneity. Also, it acts as a corrosion inhibitor due to its semi-permeable behavior where only water molecules flow through its pores. This hybrid coating showed an excellent corrosion-resistant behavior to be used to protect aluminum.
Raman spectroscopy in layered hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites
Authors: Spirito Davide , Asensio Yaiza , Hueso Luis E , Martín-García Beatriz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The continuous progress in the synthesis and characterization of materials in the vast family of hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites (HOIPs) has been pushed by their exceptional properties mainly in optoelectronic applications. These works highlight the peculiar role of lattice vibrations, which strongly interact with electrons, resulting in coupled states affecting the optical properties. Among these materials, layered (2D) HOIPs have emerged as a promising material platform to address some issues of their three-dimensional counterparts, such as ambient stability and ion migration. Layered HOIPs consist of inorganic layers made of metal halide octahedra separated by layers composed of organic cations. They have attracted much interest not only for applications, but also for their rich phenomenology due to their crystal structure tunability. Here, we give an overview of the main experimental findings achieved via Raman spectroscopy in several configurations and set-ups, and how they contribute to shedding light on the complex structural nature of these fascinating materials. We focus on how the phonon spectrum comes from the interplay of several factors. First, the inorganic and organic parts, whose motions are coupled, contribute with their typical modes which are very different in energy. Nonetheless, the interaction between them is relevant, as it results in low-symmetry crystal structures. Then, the role of external stimuli, such as temperature and pressure, which induce phase transitions affecting the spectrum through change in symmetry of the lattice, octahedral tilting and arrangement of the molecules. Finally, the relevant role of the coupling between the charge carriers and optical phonons is highlighted.
MiSDEED: a synthetic data engine for microbiome study power analysis and study design
Authors: Chlenski Philippe , Hsu Melody , Pe’er Itsik 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Summary
MiSDEED (Microbial Synthetic Data Engine for Experimental Design) is a command-line tool for generating synthetic longitudinal multinode data from simulated microbial environments. It generates relative-abundance timecourses under perturbations for an arbitrary number of time points, samples, locations and data types. All simulation parameters are exposed to the user to facilitate rapid power analysis and aid in study design. Users who want additional flexibility may also use MiSDEED as a Python package.

Availability and implementation
MiSDEED is written in Python and is freely available at https://github.com/pchlenski/misdeed.
Shepherd: accurate clustering for correcting DNA barcode errors
Authors: Tavakolian Nik , Frazão João Guilherme , Bendixsen Devin , Stelkens Rike , Li Chun-Biu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotivationDNA barcodes are short, random nucleotide sequences introduced into cell populations to track the relative counts of hundreds of thousands of individual lineages over time. Lineage tracking is widely applied, e.g. to understand evolutionary dynamics in microbial populations and the progression of breast cancer in humans. Barcode sequences are unknown upon insertion and must be identified using next-generation sequencing technology, which is error prone. In this study, we frame the barcode error correction task as a clustering problem with the aim to identify true barcode sequences from noisy sequencing data. We present Shepherd, a novel clustering method that is based on an indexing system of barcode sequences using k-mers, and a Bayesian statistical test incorporating a substitution error rate to distinguish true from error sequences.ResultsWhen benchmarking with synthetic data, Shepherd provides barcode count estimates that are significantly more accurate than state-of-the-art methods, producing 10–150 times fewer spurious lineages. For empirical data, Shepherd produces results that are consistent with the improvements seen on synthetic data. These improvements enable higher resolution lineage tracking and more accurate estimates of biologically relevant quantities, e.g. the detection of small effect mutations.Availability and implementationA Python implementation of Shepherd is freely available at: https://www.github.com/Nik-Tavakolian/Shepherd.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Research on Attitudes towards Ageing, Social Participation and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in China
Authors: Mao Shan , Zeng Yue , Lu Nan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDepressive symptoms are one of the most common mental health problems in later life. Although previous studies examined the social determinants of depressive symptoms, older adults’ attitudes towards ageing (ATA) and the underlying mechanisms are understudied, especially in developing country contexts such as China. The objective of this study was to examine the association between ATA and social participation, and their influences on depressive symptoms among older Chinese adults. The data were drawn from the 2014 baseline wave of the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey, and 8,568 respondents aged sixty years or older were included in this study. Path analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that both psychological loss and psychological growth (i.e. two types of ATA) had a direct effect on depressive symptoms. In addition, ATA were likely to mediate the relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms among older people. In conclusion, this study emphasises the importance of older people’s ATA in reducing depressive symptoms and how engaging in social activities could modify ATA and further reduce the risk of depressive symptoms.
A novel mechanism of sudden infant death syndrome during atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia: a case report
Authors: Mori Hitoshi , Sumitomo Naokata , Tsutsui Kenta , Nabeshima Taisuke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Although orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) using retrograde conduction through an accessory pathway (AP) is a common manifestation of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, a rare yet critical consequence is sudden cardiac arrest in a few patients. This fatal event used to be reported as a result of rapid atrioventricular conduction of atrial fibrillation via an AP.

Case summary
A 3-month-old infant with WPW syndrome had AVRT accompanied by global cardiac ischaemia, apparently caused by a rapid ventricular rate itself that degenerated into ventricular fibrillation during the AVRT.

Discussion
Our case suggested that orthodromic AVRT may be sufficient to cause WPW-related sudden cardiac death (SCD) or sudden infant death syndrome via fatal ischaemia and ventricular arrhythmias even when the effective refractory period of an antegrade AP conduction is long or even when an antegrade AP is not present. It is possible that an AP ablation in those who have a history of a fast orthodromic AVRT would be useful to prevent SCD in addition to symptom control.
An effective workshop on “How to be an Effective Mentor for Underrepresented STEM Trainees”
Authors: Marshall Andrea G , Vue Zer , Palavicino-Maggio Caroline B , Neikirk Kit , Beasley Heather K , Garza-Lopez Edgar , Murray Sandra A , Martinez Denise , Crabtree Amber , Conley Zachary C , Vang Larry , Davis Jamaine S , Powell-Roach Keesha L , Campbell Susan , Brady Lillian J , Dal Angyth B , Shao Bryanna , Alexander Stefanie , Vang Nancy , Vue Neng , Vue Mein , Shuler Haysetta D , Spencer Elsie C , Morton Derrick J , Hinton Antentor 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Despite an increase in programming to promote persons excluded by their ethnicity or race (PEER) scholars, minorities remain underrepresented in many STEM programs. The academic pipeline is largely leaky for underrepresented minority (URM) scholars due to a lack of effective mentorship. Many URM students experience microaggressions and discrimination from their mentors due to a lack of quality mentorship training. In this workshop, we provide a framework to show trainees what effective mentoring looks like. Mentees, especially URM trainees, can flourish in effective mentoring environments where they feel welcomed and can comfortably develop new ideas without feeling threatened by external factors. Effective mentoring environments provide motivational support, empathy, cultural competency, and training. This workshop explains facets of effective mentoring to students, as well as highlights to URM trainees why mentors can serve as valuable resources.
The Servant of Many Masters: The Multiple Commitments of State- Agents
Authors: Abramson Yehonatan , Heimann Gadi , Kampf Zohar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPersonal commitments are a ubiquitous but undertheorized phenomenon in the everyday wheels of world politics. While resonating with multiple threads in international relations theory, the role of individuals’ commitments in statecraft, diplomacy, and foreign policy has hardly been addressed in and of itself. Drawing on insights from symbolic interactionism and organizational psychology, this article conceptualizes the notion of commitment highlighting its omnipresence in foreign policy and diplomatic practice. Specifically, the article demonstrates the analytical cache of the notion of commitment by focusing on moments when state-agents deviated from their commitment to the national interest, acting on behalf of other foci of commitment. Relying on Israeli, French, and EU diplomatic archives, we examine three illustrative case studies that show how and why state-agents dedicate time, energy, and resources to advance interests other than those of the state.
Can Umbilical Cord and Meconium Results Be Directly Compared? Analytical Approach Matters
Authors: Pandya Vrajesh , Wilker Chase , McMillin Gwendolyn A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMaternal drug use during pregnancy is a significant concern. Drug-exposed newborns are often born premature and may suffer from birth defects, neonatal abstinence syndrome and cognitive and developmental delays. Because of this, testing of neonatal specimens is carried out to assess fetal drug exposure during pregnancy. Umbilical cord tissue (UC) and meconium are commonly used specimens for this purpose. However, comprehensive studies comparing drug positivity rates and concentration in the two specimen types are lacking. To this end, 4,036 paired UC and meconium specimens originating from 13 states within the USA were identified, and retrospective analysis of drug positivity rates and drug concentration was performed for 31 analytes in 5 drug classes. Testing for 11-Nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) is a separate orderable for UC specimen at our laboratory, so a second data set was created for evaluation of this drug analyte with 2,112 paired UC and meconium specimens originating from 11 states. Testing of UC was performed by semi-quantitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) assays, whereas, for meconium, an immunoassay-based screening preceded LC–MS-MS confirmation tests. Results generated for UC and meconium specimens were therefore compared for a total of 32 drug analytes from 6 drug classes. Drug concentrations for analytes were higher in meconium compared to UC, with the exception of phencyclidine. Despite this, the positivity rates for individual analytes were higher in UC, with the exception of THC-COOH and cocaine. Furthermore, analysis for multidrug positivity revealed that THC-COOH and opioids were the most common multidrug combination detected in both matrices. In conclusion, this study suggests that for most drug compounds, UC was more analytically sensitive to assess neonatal drug exposure by current methodologies. Additionally, by demonstrating that meconium has higher drug concentrations for most compounds, this study sets the stage for developing more sensitive assays in meconium.
Identification and characterization of stem cells in mammalian esophageal stratified squamous epithelia
Authors: Yang Yanan , Deng Guodong , Qiao Lili , Yuan Hui , Yu Xiaohong , Xu Lei , Lu Shih-Hsin , Jiang Wei , Yu Xiying 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Somatic stem cells are essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Despite its importance, how the esophageal stratified squamous epithelium executes its self-renewal and maintenance remains elusive. In this study, using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine label-chase in rats in vivo and rat esophageal organoids in vitro together with genome-wide DNA methylation and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified a slow-cycling/quiescent stem cell population that contained high levels of hemidesmosomes (HDs) and low levels of Wnt signaling localized spatially and randomly at the basal layer of the esophageal epithelium. Pseudotime cell trajectory analysis indicated that tissue cells originated from quiescent basal stem cells in the basal layer. Perturbations of HD component expression and/or Wnt signaling reduced the stem cell population in the basal layer of esophageal keratinocyte organoids, resulting in alterations in the organoid formation rate, size, morphogenesis, and proliferation–differentiation homeostasis. Furthermore, not only high levels of HDs and low levels of Wnt signaling but also an interplay between HD and Wnt signaling defined the stem cells of the basal layer. Hence, HDs and Wnt signaling are critical determinants for defining the stem cells of the basal layer required for tissue homeostasis in mammalian esophagi.
Dystrophic calcification within biologic graft occurring with use of calcium sulfate antibiotic beads masquerading as an enteric fistula
Authors: Minor Samuel , Rowe Judy , Hoogerboord Marius 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The rare (&lt;2%) development of calcium deposits in soft tissue, known as dystrophic calcification (DC) with the use of Stimulan® (Biocomposites Ltd, Wilmington, NC) absorbable, calcium sulfate antibiotic beads (CSABs) in the setting of orthopedic surgery has previously been described. However, the use of CSAB in hernia repair is relatively novel and its association with the development of DC in this setting has not been previously reported. We describe a case where DC following abdominal wall reconstruction with CSAB was misinterpreted on CT imaging as an enteric fistula and almost resulted in an unnecessary emergency surgical procedure.
House of Commons Public Bill Committees and Oral Evidence: A Half-Step Forward?
Authors: Bochel Hugh M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The introduction of evidence sessions for House of Commons public bill committees in 2007, including oral evidence from witnesses, was widely seen as a potentially significant improvement in informing scrutiny of legislation. Drawing on interviews with officials and witnesses, and on data gathered from Hansard for the 2017–2019 session, this article examines the selection and some of the characteristics of witnesses, witnesses’ views of the process and how oral evidence is used in subsequent scrutiny of the legislation. While recognising that oral evidence does make an important contribution to scrutiny, the article notes that both the process as it currently exists, and the inevitable influence of political factors, mean that the impact of oral evidence on legislation remains very limited.
Apo and ligand-bound high resolution Cryo-EM structures of the human Kv3.1 channel reveal a novel binding site for positive modulators
Authors: Botte Mathieu , Huber Sophie , Bucher Denis , Klint Julie K , Rodríguez David , Tagmose Lena , Chami Mohamed , Cheng Robert , Hennig Michael , Abdul Rahman Wassim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Kv3 ion-channels constitute a class of functionally distinct voltage-gated ion channels characterized by their ability to fire at a high frequency. Several disease relevant mutants, together with biological data, suggest the importance of this class of ion channels as drug targets for CNS disorders, and several drug discovery efforts have been reported. Despite the increasing interest for this class of ion channels, no structure of a Kv3 channel has been reported yet. We have determined the cryo-EM structure of Kv3.1 at 2.6 Å resolution using full-length wild type protein. When compared to known structures for potassium channels from other classes, a novel domain organization is observed with the cytoplasmic T1 domain, containing a well-resolved Zinc site and displaying a rotation by 35°. This suggests a distinct cytoplasmic regulation mechanism for the Kv3.1 channel. A high resolution structure was obtained for Kv3.1 in complex with a novel positive modulator Lu AG00563. The structure reveals a novel ligand binding site for the Kv class of ion channels located between the voltage sensory domain and the channel pore, a region which constitutes a hotspot for disease causing mutations. The discovery of a novel binding site for a positive modulator of a voltage-gated potassium channel could shed light on the mechanism of action for these small molecule potentiators. This finding could enable structure-based drug design on these targets with high therapeutic potential for the treatment of multiple CNS disorders.