bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual pulse monitoring and dose control system for pre-clinical implementation of FLASH-RT
Authors: Ashraf M Ramish , Rahman Mahbubur , Cao Xu , Duval Kayla , Williams Benjamin B , Jack Hoopes P , Gladstone David J , Pogue Brian W , Zhang Rongxiao , Bruza Petr 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Existing ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) electron sources lack dose rate independent dosimeters and a calibrated dose control system for accurate delivery. In this study, we aim to develop a custom single-pulse dose monitoring and a real-time dose-based control system for a FLASH enabled clinical linear accelerator (Linac). Approach. A commercially available point scintillator detector was coupled to a gated integrating amplifier and a real-time controller for dose monitoring and feedback control loop. The controller was programmed to integrate dose for each radiation pulse and stop the radiation beam when the prescribed dose was delivered. Additionally, the scintillator was mounted in a solid water phantom and placed underneath mice skin for in vivo dose monitoring. The scintillator was characterized in terms of its radiation stability, mean dose-rate (

D
̇

m

), and dose per pulse (D
p) dependence. Main results. The D
p exhibited a consistent ramp-up period across ∼4–5 pulse. The plastic scintillator was shown to be linear with

D
̇

m

(40–380 Gy s−1) and D
p (0.3–1.3 Gy Pulse−1) to within +/− 3%. However, the plastic scintillator was subject to significant radiation damage (16%/kGy) for the initial 1 kGy and would need to be calibrated frequently. Pulse-counting control was accurately implemented with one-to-one correspondence between the intended and the actual delivered pulses. The dose-based control was sufficient to gate on any pulse of the Linac. In vivo dosimetry monitoring with a 1 cm circular cut-out revealed that during the ramp-up period, the average D
p was ∼0.045 ± 0.004 Gy Pulse−1, whereas after the ramp-up it stabilized at 0.65 ± 0.01 Gy Pulse−1. Significance. The tools presented in this study can be used to determine the beam parameter space pertinent to the FLASH effect. Additionally, this study is the first instance of real-time dose-based control for a modified Linac at ultra-high dose rates, which provides insight into the tool required for future clinical translation of FLASH-RT.
Painlevé analysis and higher-order rogue waves of a generalized (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation
Authors: Singh Sudhir , Sakkaravarthi K , Tamizhmani T , Murugesan K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Considering the importance of ever-increasing interest in exploring localized waves, we investigate a generalized (3+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation describing the unidirectional propagation of shallow-water waves and perform Painlevé analysis to understand its integrability nature. We construct the explicit form of higher-order rogue wave solutions by adopting Hirota’s bilinearization and generalized polynomial functions. Further, we explore their dynamics in detail, depicting different pattern formation that reveal potential advantages with available arbitrary constants in their manipulation mechanism. Particularly, we demonstrate the existence of singly-localized line-rogue waves and doubly-localized rogue waves with multiple (single, triple, and sextuple) structures generating triangular and pentagon type geometrical patterns with controllable orientations that can be altered appropriately by tuning the parameters. The presented analysis will be an essential inclusion in the context of rogue waves in higher-dimensional systems.
Primordial black hole dark matter in the presence of p-wave WIMP annihilation
Authors: Kadota Kenji , Tashiro Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study the allowed primordial black hole (PBH) dark matter abundance in the mixed dark matter scenarios consisting of PBHs and self-annihilating weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with a velocity dependent annihilation cross section. We first briefly illustrate how the WIMP dark matter halo profile changes for the velocity suppressed p-wave annihilation scenarios, compared with the familiar s-wave annihilation scenarios, and then discuss the PBH mass dependent upper bound on the allowed PBH dark matter abundance.

The WIMPs can accrete onto a PBH to form an ultracompact minihalo with a spiky density profile. Such a spike is moderated in the central region of a halo because the WIMPs are annihilated away and this moderation is less effective for a smaller annihilation cross section. The WIMP core density becomes larger while the core radius becomes smaller for a velocity suppressed p-wave annihilation cross section than those for the s-wave annihilation scenarios.
The annihilation cross section is dependent on the velocity which varies across the halo, and, in addition to the change of the WIMP density profile, another interesting feature is the PBH mass dependent bound on PBH dark matter abundance. This is in stark contrast to the s-wave annihilation scenarios where the PBH abundance bound is independent of the PBH mass. The allowed PBH dark matter fraction (with respect to the total dark matter abundance) is of order f
PBH ≲ 𝒪(10−7)(M⊙/MPBH)(−6+2γsp)/(3γsp+3) for the thermal relic p-wave dark matter with the mass 100 GeV where γsp is the slope index of the spike profile, to be compared with f
PBH ≲ 𝒪(10−9) for the corresponding thermal relic s-wave dark matter scenarios.
Influence of triangularity on the plasma response to resonant magnetic perturbations
Authors: Gu S. , Paz-Soldan C. , Liu Y.Q. , Sun Y. , Lyons B.C. , Ryan D.A. , Weisberg D. , Leuthold N. , Willensdorfer M. , Suttrop W. , Park J.-K. , Logan N.C. , Shafer M.W. , Wang H.H. , Ma Q. , Kirk A. , Tal B. , Griener M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effect of the axisymmetric plasma shape on the non-axisymmetric plasma response to resonant magnetic perturbations is investigated in experiment and modeling for the DIII-D, EAST and ASDEX Upgrade tokamaks. Systematically modeling the effect of the triangularity, whilst keeping other equilibrium quantities largely unchanged, reveals that the plasma response is strongly suppressed at high triangularity compared to that at low triangularity. This is validated through targeted comparison with experiments at DIII-D, EAST, and ASDEX Upgrade. DIII-D and EAST magnetic measurements are used to validate simulations, while at ASDEX Upgrade the plasma edge displacement is measured. Both experiments and modeling find a reduced magnetic plasma response on the high-field side at high triangularity across devices. Multi-modal analysis of the simulation results extracts the mode structure and applied spectrum dependence of each mode. The amplitude of the dominant mode reveals similar trends with the edge resonance and radial displacement near the X-point, which suggests that the multi-mode plasma response provides another way to understand the edge localized mode (ELM) control physics. The plasma response is strongly reduced at high triangularity compared to that at low triangularity, which implies different ELM control effects as shaping is varied. These findings indicate that the plasma shape should be taken into consideration when designing an RMP-ELM control strategy in experiment, and that predictive plasma response calculations can be used to maximize access to RMP-ELM control in future devices by maximizing the coupling between coils and the plasma.
Finite magnetic well effects on resistive and drift-resistive ballooning modes in a shaped tokamak
Authors: Brunetti D. , Ham C.J. , Saarelma S. , Graves J.P. , Connor J.W. , Kleiner A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The impact of plasma shaping through magnetic well modifications on the stability of resistive ballooning modes (RBMs) in tokamaks is analysed, also including finite diamagnetic flows. Various limiting cases of the dispersion relation, obtained by matching the ballooning equation across the ideal and resistive layers, are analysed. It is found that stability is generally improved by the combination of vertical elongation and positive triangularity, although, in some cases, the growth rate of the unstable mode can be enhanced by these effects. Usually, vertically elongated plasmas with no triangularity are prone to exhibit worse stability properties. A value for the critical β above which RBMs are driven unstable is identified, and a connection with type-III ELM activity is established.
Line crossing’s effect on the hatching performance of Japanese quail
Authors: Mirnita D A I , Dewanti R , Cahyadi M , Wati A K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seedlings are one of the factors affecting egg production in quails and the possible efforts to obtain superior seeds include crossing. Therefore, this study was conducted to observe the hatching performance of Japanese quails subjected to line crossing. The materials used were hatching eggs produced by a crossbreeding between the brown male and black female species. Twenty brown male and eighty black female quails were used to produce hatching eggs with a male-to-female ratio of 1: 4. Up to 242 and 239 hatching eggs obtained from Cross 1 and 2 respectively were used. The t-test analysis results were not significantly different (P>0.05), where egg weight = 0.155 and hatching weight = 0.6405. However, the egg index of 0.02617 and the hatching length of 0.02589 were significantly different (P<0.05). At Cross 1, the low hatching mortality was 9.2%, and the high hatching quality was 83.88%. Generally, it was discovered that the products in Cross 1 and 2 have the same performance in terms of hatching weight, mortality, and quality, as well as the egg weight but the line crossing affected the egg index and hatching time. These results are expected to assist the development of a quail breeding strategy in the future.
Frequency control strategies in a renewable energy intensive power system: options for South Africa
Authors: Mzamo Ntombizodwa V. , Manditereza Patrick T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Inertia reduction due to high-level penetration of converter interfaced components may result in frequency stability issues. The paper analyses different frequency strategies for both solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind generators to support inertia, and also evaluates the contribution of synchronous condensers (SCs) to the system inertia of the power grid. Decommissioned power plants can potentially be retrofitted to SC mode in order to provide inertia support after they are retired. This paper investigates the various frequency control strategies available to the South Africa power grid in the face of increasing renewable energy integration, and makes a case for the modification of the many mothballed coal-fired power plants to SC mode.
Engineering an effective three-spin Hamiltonian in trapped-ion systems for applications in quantum simulation
Authors: Andrade Bárbara , Davoudi Zohreh , Graß Tobias , Hafezi Mohammad , Pagano Guido , Seif Alireza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Trapped-ion quantum simulators, in analog and digital modes, are considered a primary candidate to achieve quantum advantage in quantum simulation and quantum computation. The underlying controlled ion–laser interactions induce all-to-all two-spin interactions via the collective modes of motion through Cirac–Zoller or Mølmer–Sørensen schemes, leading to effective two-spin Hamiltonians, as well as two-qubit entangling gates. In this work, the Mølmer–Sørensen scheme is extended to induce three-spin interactions via tailored first- and second-order spin–motion couplings. The scheme enables engineering single-, two-, and three-spin interactions, and can be tuned via an enhanced protocol to simulate purely three-spin dynamics. Analytical results for the effective evolution are presented, along with detailed numerical simulations of the full dynamics to support the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed scheme for near-term applications. With a focus on quantum simulation, the advantage of a direct analog implementation of three-spin dynamics is demonstrated via the example of matter-gauge interactions in the U(1) lattice gauge theory within the quantum link model. The mapping of degrees of freedom and strategies for scaling the three-spin scheme to larger systems, are detailed, along with a discussion of the expected outcome of the simulation of the quantum link model given realistic fidelities in the upcoming experiments. The applications of the three-spin scheme go beyond the lattice gauge theory example studied here and include studies of static and dynamical phase diagrams of strongly interacting condensed-matter systems modeled by two- and three-spin Hamiltonians.
Influence factors of the accuracy of monocular vision pose estimation for spacecraft based on neural network
Authors: Zhao Hongliang , Ye Dong , Guo Yubo , Chen Gang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Accurate acquisition of spacecraft pose information is a key step in tasks such as space debris removal, rendezvous and docking, and on-orbit maintenance. The application of neural network has deepened for aerospace measurement and control. Studying the parameters’ influence and degree of imaging and neural network on the accuracy of spacecraft pose estimation is necessary and urgent, but there is still little research in related fields. Approximate Bayesian inference in the depth Gaussian process is utilized in this paper to explore above problems, and systematic verification experiments are carried based on the general neural network and spacecraft pose estimation data set. The verification results depict that the estimation errors of position and attitude can be both effectively reduced by selecting a camera whose radial distortion error is less than 240%. Selecting a camera with focal ratio error less than 2.0% can effectively reduce the position estimation error. Selecting a camera whose principal point error is less than 1.0% can effectively improve the accuracy of attitude estimation. The suppression of tangential distortion error does not significantly improve the estimation accuracy of both position and attitude. Parameters about weighted attenuation factor, the number of network layers and characteristic channels of neural network are all sensitive to the accuracy of pose estimation of spacecraft within a specific range. An excellent balance can be achieved between the estimation accuracy and computational overhead when the weight attenuation factor is set between 0.01 and 0.1, and the number of network layers and characteristic channels are set separately between 20 ∼ 40 and 70 ∼ 90. It can reach the accuracy of the traditional pose estimation algorithm, and has better processing time stability in real ground test system by using the network architecture of ResNet34 with weight attenuation factor of 0.01, characteristic channels of 90.
Preferences for Delivering Brief Alcohol Intervention to Risky Drinking Parents in Children’s Social Care: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: McGovern R , Homer T , Kaner E , Smart D , Ternent L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Many parents in contact with children’s social care services misuse alcohol however do not meet the threshold for specialist alcohol treatment, and typically do not receive appropriate support for their needs. Brief alcohol interventions have been found to be effective in healthcare settings, however, it is unknown whether the brief intervention structure delivered within health settings would transfer well into children’s social care. This paper aims to examine the characteristics of brief intervention for alcohol misusing parents which social care practitioners consider to be important and acceptable to implement in this sector.

Methods
We assessed preferences for, and acceptability of, brief alcohol intervention with parents in contact with children’s social care using a discrete choice experiment. We recruited 205 children’s social care practitioners from London and the North East of England. Data were analysed using mixed logit which accounted for repeated responses.

Findings
Six attributes showed statistically significant coefficients, suggesting that a brief intervention with these attributes would encourage implementation. These were: level of alcohol-related risk targeted; intervention recipient; timing of intervention; duration of sessions; number of sessions and intervention structure. The attribute of most importance identified based on the attribute with the largest coefficient in the conditional logit model was risk level.

Conclusions
Brief alcohol interventions delivered to parents in social care should focus on the impact upon children and the wider family, they should be a flexible part of on-going casework and should be more intensive and less structured.
Spherical clustering in detection of groups of concomitant extremes
Authors: Fomichov V , Ivanovs J 
Published: March 2022

Summary
There is growing empirical evidence that spherical $k$-means clustering performs well at identifying groups of concomitant extremes in high dimensions, thereby leading to sparse models. We provide one of the first theoretical results supporting this approach, but also demonstrate some pitfalls. Furthermore, we show that an alternative cost function may be more appropriate for identifying concomitant extremes, and it results in a novel spherical $k$-principal-components clustering algorithm. Our main result establishes a broadly satisfied sufficient condition guaranteeing the success of this method, albeit in a rather basic setting. Finally, we illustrate in simulations that $k$-principal components clustering outperforms $k$-means clustering in the difficult case of weak asymptotic dependence within the groups.
Ticagrelor monotherapy after PCI in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: TWILIGHT DM-CKD
Authors: Dehghani Payam , Cao Davide , Baber Usman , Nicolas Johny , Sartori Samantha , Pivato Carlo A , Zhang Zhongjie , Dangas George , Angiolillo Dominick J , Briguori Carlo , Cohen David J , Collier Timothy , Dudek Dariusz , Gibson Michael , Gil Robert , Huber Kurt , Kaul Upendra , Kornowski Ran , Krucoff Mitchell W , Kunadian Vijay , Mehta Shamir , Moliterno David J , Ohman E Magnus , Escaned Javier , Sardella Gennaro , Sharma Samin K , Shlofmitz Richard , Weisz Giora , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Pocock Stuart , Mehran Roxana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to evaluate the treatment effects of ticagrelor monotherapy in the very high risk cohort of patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results
In the TWILIGHT (Ticagrelor with Aspirin or Alone in High-Risk Patients after Coronary Intervention) trial, after 3-month dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor and aspirin post-PCI, event-free patients were randomized to either aspirin or placebo in addition to ticagrelor for 12 months. Those with available information on DM and CKD status were included in this subanalysis and were stratified by the presence or absence of either condition: 3391 (54.1%) had neither DM nor CKD (DM−/CKD−), 1822 (29.0%) had DM only (DM+/CKD−), 561 (8.9%) had CKD only (DM−/CKD+), and 8.0% had both DM and CKD (DM+/CKD+). The incidence of the primary endpoint of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding did not differ according to DM/CKD status (P-trend = 0.13), but there was a significant increase in BARC 3 or 5 bleeding (P-trend &lt; 0.001) as well as the key secondary endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (P-trend &lt; 0.001). Ticagrelor plus placebo reduced bleeding events compared with ticagrelor plus aspirin across all four groups, including DM+/CKD+ patients with respect to BARC 2–5 [4.5% vs. 8.7%; hazard ratio (HR) 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24–1.01] as well as BARC 3–5 (0.8% vs. 5.3%; HR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03–0.53) bleeding, with no evidence of heterogeneity. The risk of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke was similar between treatment arms across all groups.

Conclusion
Irrespective of the presence of DM, CKD, and their combination, ticagrelor monotherapy reduced the risk of bleeding without a significant increase in ischaemic events compared with ticagrelor plus aspirin.
P2Y12 inhibitor versus aspirin monotherapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Aggarwal Devika , Bhatia Kirtipal , Chunawala Zainali S , Furtado Remo H M , Mukherjee Debabrata , Dixon Simon R , Jain Vardhmaan , Arora Sameer , Zelniker Thomas A , Navarese Eliano P , Mishkel Gregory J , Lee Cheong J , Banerjee Subhash , Bangalore Sripal , Levisay Justin P , Bhatt Deepak L , Ricciardi Mark J , Qamar Arman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aim
To compare the efficacy and safety of P2Y12 inhibitor or aspirin monotherapy for secondary prevention in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Methods and results
Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases were searched to identify randomized trials comparing monotherapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor versus aspirin for secondary prevention in patients with ASCVD (cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or peripheral artery disease). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Secondary outcomes were myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, all-cause mortality, and major bleeding. A random-effects model was used to calculate risk ratios (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) and heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Higgins I2 value. A total of 9 eligible trials (5 with clopidogrel and 4 with ticagrelor) with 61 623 patients were included in our analyses. Monotherapy with P2Y12 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of MACE by 11% (0.89, 95% CI 0.84–0.95, I2 = 0%) and MI by 19% (0.81, 95% CI 0.71–0.92, I2 = 0%) compared with aspirin monotherapy. There was no significant difference in the risk of stroke (0.85, 95% CI 0.73–1.01), or all-cause mortality (1.01, 95% CI 0.92–1.11). There was also no significant difference in the risk of major bleeding with P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy compared with aspirin (0.94, 95% CI 0.72–1.22, I2 = 42.6%). Results were consistent irrespective of the P2Y12 inhibitor used.

Conclusion
P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy for secondary prevention is associated with a significant reduction in atherothrombotic events compared with aspirin alone without an increased risk of major bleeding.