bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of Chiral γ‐Lactones by Merging Decatungstate Photocatalysis with Biocatalysis
Authors: Özgen Fatma Feyza , Jorea Alexandra , Capaldo Luca , Kourist Robert , Ravelli Davide , Schmidt Sandy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe implementation of light‐driven catalytic processes in biocatalysis opens a golden window of opportunities. We hereby report the merging of photocatalytic C−C bond formation with enzymatic asymmetric reduction for the direct conversion of simple aldehydes and acrylates or unsaturated carboxylic acids into chiral γ‐lactones. Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) is employed as the photocatalyst to trigger the hydroacylation of the starting olefins, yielding the corresponding keto esters/acids. Subsequently, an alcohol dehydrogenase converts the intermediate to the chiral alcohol, which undergoes lactonization to the desired γ‐lactone. The photochemoenzymatic synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic γ‐lactones was thereby achieved with up to >99 %eeand >99 % yield. This synthesis highlights the power of building molecular complexity by merging photocatalysis with biocatalysis to access high‐value added chiral compounds from simple, cheap and largely available starting materials.
Glasstrukturen in der Stadt – Essay zur Arbeit mit dem transparenten Werkstoff
Authors: Paech Christoph , Stein Michael , Stockhusen Knut 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEine moderne Stadt wird lebenswerter, wenn Erscheinung, Funktionalität, Qualität und Nachhaltigkeit der gebauten Umgebung überzeugen. Dieser Essay stellt weltweit realisierte, besonders filigrane und einzigartige Strukturen mit und aus Glas vor. Projekte wie die Bahnhofsüberdachung der Moynihan Train Hall in New York City oder die U‐Bahn Haltestelle Elbbrücken in Hamburg, die besonderen Fassaden des Apple Stores in Brooklyn sowie die des Nordstrom Flagship Stores in Manhattan, bis hin zum einladenden, eleganten Vordach des Hospitals Israelita Albert Einstein in São Paulo stehen stellvertretend für eine besondere Form der strukturellen Schönheit.Glass structures in the city – an essay on working with the transparent material. A modern city is perceived to be livable when the quality and sustainability of the built environment are compelling. This essay presents delicate and unique glass structures and buildings that positively shape urban space worldwide. Projects discussed span from the skylights of the Moynihan Train Hall in New York City and the Elbbrücken U‐Bahn station in Hamburg to the specialized facades of the Apple store in Brooklyn and the Nordstrom flagship store in Manhattan to the inviting, elegant canopy of the Israelita Albert Einstein Hospital in São Paulo. All are fully realized examples where the implementation of glass highlights the beauty of structures.
Wellenförmige Glasfassade eines Flagship‐Stores in Peking
Authors: Rycke Klaas De , Baldassini Niccolò , Lu Lin , Pfanner Daniel , Reshamvala Marcel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDer von RDAI Architekten entworfene Flagship‐Store in Peking zeichnet sich durch seine einzigartige wellenförmige Glasfassade aus. In Zusammenarbeit mit RDAI unterstützte BOLLINGER+GROHMANN bei der technisch anspruchsvollen und komplexen Fassadenplanung. Die Isolierverglasungen der elf Meter hohen Fassade weisen einen parabolisch gekrümmten wellenförmigen Verlauf auf, sodass aufgrund der höheren Eigensteifigkeit der Scheiben auf eine typische Unterkonstruktion im Sinne lastabtragender Pfosten verzichtet werden konnte. Zudem ermöglicht die Geometrie der Verglasung einen Lastabtrag in Scheibenebene. Der optimale Kurvenverlauf der wellenförmigen Verglasung konnte durch Berechnungen ermittelt werden. Des Weiteren besticht die Verglasung durch ihre rillenförmigen Vertiefungen auf der Oberfläche, die im Zusammenspiel mit dem Kurvenverlauf von Weitem an einen Bambuswald erinnern lässt.Undulating glass facade at a flagship store in Beijing. The flagship store in Beijing, designed by RDAI Architects, is characterized by its unique undulating glass facade. In collaboration with RDAI, BOLLINGER+GROHMANN supported with the technically demanding and complex facade design and execution. The insulating glazing of the elevenmeter‐high facade has a parabolically curved undulating profile so that, due to the higher stiffness of the panes, a typical substructure in the sense of load‐bearing mullions could be avoided. In addition, the geometry of the glazing allows load transfer in vertical direction. The ideal curvature of the undulating glazing was determined by mere calculations. Furthermore, for esthetical purpose but with great mechanical and production impact, the glazing has been transformed through physical engraving with CNC.
Auswirkungen von Abrasion auf die Biegezugfestigkeit von Glas
Authors: Neugebauer Jürgen , Hribernig Maria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSandpartikel, die vom Wind aufgenommen werden und an der Glasoberfläche Defekte hervorrufen können, haben je nach Größe einen Einfluss auf die Biegezugfestigkeit von Glas. Dieser Effekt wird als Abrasion bezeichnet. Die Abhängigkeit der maximalen Korngrößen von Bodenpartikeln, die der Wind aufnehmen kann, ist berechenbar und wird dargestellt. Die Einwirkung der Sandpartikel auf die Glasproben wurde nach DIN 52348: „Prüfung von Glas und Kunststoff – Verschleißprüfung – Sandriesel‐Verfahren“ simuliert. Für ersten optische Rückschlüsse kommt die Dunkelfeldmethode zur Anwendung. Der Einfluss auf die Biegezugfestigkeit wurde mit einem adaptierten Vierschneiden‐Biegezugversuch bestimmt und die Ergebnisse der Versuchsserien gegenübergestellt.Effects of abrasion on the flexural strength of glass. Sand particles which are picked up by the wind and can cause defects on the glass surface and have an influence on the flexural strength of glass, depending on their size. This effect is known as abrasion. The dependence of the maximum grain sizes of soil particles that the wind can absorb can be calculated and is shown. The effect of the sand particles on the glass samples was simulated according to DIN 52348: “Testing of glass and plastics – abrasion test – sand trickle method”. The dark field method is used for initial optical conclusions. The influence on the flexural tensile strength was determined with an adapted four‐point bending test and the results of the test series were compared.
SOUNDLAB AI Tool – Machine Learning zur Bestimmung des bewerteten Schalldämmmaßes
Authors: Drass Michael , Kraus Michael Anton , Riedel Henrik , Stelzer Ingo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDie moderne Architektur strebt nach transparenten Gebäudehüllen und insbesondere nach nachhaltigen und bauphysikalisch adäquaten Glasfassaden. Typischerweise werden Glasfassaden entworfen, um eine Vielzahl von Zielen zu erfüllen, eines davon sind die Anforderungen an den Schallschutz. Eine zuverlässige Abschätzung der Schalldämmeigenschaften beliebiger Glasaufbauten ist aufgrund der Komplexität experimenteller Tests oder numerischer Simulationen zeitaufwendig und kostenintensiv. Daher wird in dieser Arbeit ein maschineller Lern‐Ansatz zur Prädiktion der akustischen Eigenschaften beliebiger Glasaufbauten vorgestellt.SOUNDLAB AI Tool – Machine learning for the determination of the weighted sound Insulation Value. Modern architecture strives for transparent building envelopes and, in particular, for sustainable and physically adequate glass facades. Typically, glass facades are designed to meet a variety of objectives, one of which is to satisfy sound insulation requirements. Reliable estimation of the sound insulation properties of arbitrary glass assemblies is time consuming and costly due to the complexity of experimental tests or numerical simulations. Therefore, this paper presents a machine learning approach for predicting the acoustic properties of various glass setups.
Hochtemperaturfestigkeit von geglühtem Kalk‐Natronsilicatglas
Authors: Schwind Gregor , Rosendahl Philipp , Seel Matthias , Schneider Jens 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBei der additiven Fertigung und beim thermischen Vorspannen von Glas ist dessen Festigkeit für den aufgrund des Herstell‐ bzw. Veredelungsprozesses relevanten Temperaturbereich nur wenig erforscht. Um die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Temperaturen auf die Festigkeit des Werkstoffs näher bestimmen zu können, wurde der Doppelringbiegeversuch nach EN 1288‐5 mit einer Universalprüfmaschine mit Ofen an Glasplatten von Raumtemperatur bis 550 °C durchgeführt. Vor der Prüfung wurden die Proben kontrolliert vorgeschädigt, gelagert und mit Wärme behandelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine Zunahme der Bruchfestigkeit mit steigender Prüftemperatur. Der kritische Spannungsintensitätsfaktor und die kritische Energiefreisetzungsrate zeigen keine Temperaturabhängigkeit.High temperature strength of annealed soda‐lime silicate glass. In additive manufacturing and thermal toughening of glass, its strength has been little researched for the temperature range relevant due to the manufacturing or refining process. In order to be able to determine the effects of different temperatures on the strength of the material in more detail, the coaxial double ring test according to EN 1288‐5 was carried out on glass plates from room temperature to 550 °C using a universal testing machine with furnace. Prior to testing, the specimens were pre‐damaged in a controlled manner, stored and heat treated. The results show an increase in fracture strength with increasing test temperature. The critical stress intensity factor and the critical energy release rate show no temperature dependence.
Rauheitsuntersuchungen an Glaskanten mittels konfokalem Laserscanning‐Mikroskop
Authors: Bukieda Paulina , Weller Bernhard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUntersuchungen zur Kantenfestigkeit von Gläsern zeigen, dass diese in Abhängigkeit des Herstellers und der Kantenbearbeitungsart nach DIN 1249‐11 stark variiert. Insbesondere der Bearbeitungsprozess des Schleifens weist eine Vielzahl von Parametern auf, welche die resultierende Oberflächenbeschaffenheit der Glaskante beeinflussen, allerdings noch unzureichend untersucht sind. Eine objektive Erfassung der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit über Kennwerte der Rauheit könnte helfen, Prozessparameter bewertbar zu machen und eine Korrelation zwischen dem Bearbeitungsprozess und der Kantenfestigkeit zu schaffen. Im Rahmen einer ersten Vorstudie wurden Rauheitskennwerte geschliffener und polierter Kantenoberflächen von drei Herstellern mittels konfokalem Laserscanning‐Mikroskop ermittelt und hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung zur Bewertung der Bearbeitungsprozesse geprüft.Roughness examination of processed glass edges under a confocal laser scanning microscope. Findings on the edge strength show that, it varies depending on the manufacturer and the type of edge finishing. In particular the grinding process has a large number of parameters that influence the surface quality of the glass edge, which have not yet been fully investigated. The determination of objective roughness parameters could help to evaluate the grinding processes and further correlate the surface quality with the edge strength. Within the scope of a preliminary study, roughness parameters were calculated for ground and polished glass edges of three manufacturers using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Finally the method was tested regarding to its suitability for a determination of characteristic roughness parameters that could be used to evaluate the grinding processes.
Funktionale Mock‐Ups zur Absicherung von Fassaden‐ und Versorgungskonzepten
Authors: Eberl Michael , Hiller Marion , Sinnesbichler Herbert , Grün Gunnar , Kersken Matthias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKomplexe Fassaden übernehmen diverse Funktionen wie Wetterschutz, Belüften, Beleuchten, Energieerzeugung, etc. Die Kombination der Disziplinen kann ein einzelner Fachplaner meist nicht beherrschen. Um dieser Komplexität mit ihren Risiken zu begegnen, sind funktionale Mock‐Ups sinnvoll, sodass der Bauherr Sicherheit über die Funktion der bestellten Fassade erlangt und die Inbetriebnahme der TGA erleichtert wird. In dieser Publikation wird dieser Vorteile an einer Bemusterung (Festo SE & Co. KG Esslingen) an der Versuchseinrichtung für Energetische und Raumklimatische Untersuchungen VERU des Fraunhofer IBP dargestellt. Das zweite vorgestellte Projekt (Validierung Simulationsmodell in Zusammenarbeit mit Transsolar) zeigt, dass der Vergleich von Simulationsergebnissen und Messung am funktionalen Mock‐Up einen Beitrag zur Sicherheit in der simulationsgestützten Planung leistet, da projektspezifische Fehlerquellen in der Simulation, wie Eingabefehler, ungenau angenommene Randbedingungen oder Vereinfachungen in den hinterlegten Modellen aufgedeckt werden können. Die empirische Validierung führt zu einer erhöhten Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit der eingesetzten Modelle.Mockups for the validation of facade and supply concepts. Functional mockups for the facades are based on a combination of disciplines, which is usually not under the control of a single designer. Complex facades take on various functions, such as weather protection, ventilation, lighting, energy generation etc. In order to cope with the risks arising from this complexity, functional mockups are advisable for the client to gains information on the reliability of the ordered facade and for the commissioning of the building services. In this publication, these advantages are presented on a sampling (Festo SE & Co. KG Esslingen) at Fraunhofer IBP's VERU test facility for energy and indoor climate studies. The second project presented (validation simulation model in cooperation with Transsolar) shows that the comparison of simulation results against measurement on the functional mockup contributes to safety in simulation based planning, since project specific sources of error in the simulation such as input errors, inaccurately assumed boundary conditions or simplifications in the stored models can be revealed. The empirical validation leads to an increased accuracy and reliability of the models used.
Praxisorientierte Fehleranalyse nichtlinearer Modelle für strukturelle Silikone
Authors: Kießlich Philipp , Giese‐Hinz Johannes , Wünsch Jan , Louter Christian , Weller Bernhard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFür die Bemessung realer Spannungszustände in Klebfugen sind numerische Modelle unabdingbar, welche für zwei Silikone in diesem Artikel vorgestellt werden. Dazu werden deren mechanische Eigenschaften durch eindeutige Belastungszustände in Versuchen unter Nutzung zweier optischer Messmethoden bestimmt. Über eine multi‐experimentelle Parameteridentifikation werden anschließend numerische Kennwerte für geläufige lineare und nichtlineare Modelle über diverse Dehnungsbereiche identifiziert. Eine Bewertung erfolgt im Vergleich der numerischen und experimentellen Ergebnisse eines in‐Situ‐Prüfkörpers. Diese hebt hervor, dass die Wahl der hyperelastischen Modelle, sowie das Identifikationsverfahren die Brauchbarkeit der Modelle bestimmen.Experimental determination of mechanical properties and numerical modelling of structural silicone. Numerical models are indispensable for the design of realistic stress conditions in adhesive joints, which will be presented for two silicones in this article. For this purpose, their mechanical properties are determined by unique loading conditions in tests using optical measurement methods. Numerical parameters for common linear and nonlinear models over various strain ranges are then identified via multi‐experimental parameter identification. Evaluation is performed by comparing the numerical and experimental results of an in‐situ test specimen, which highlight that the choice of hyperelastic models and the identification procedure determine the usability of the models.
Silan‐modifizierte Polymere in Kleb‐ und Dichtstoffen
Authors: Schäfer Sascha , Damke Jan‐Erik 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungUnter den flexiblen, reaktiven Dicht‐ und Klebstofflösungen besitzen die Silan‐modifizierten Polymere (SMPs) eine Sonderstellung. Sie zeichnen sich durch eine hohe strukturelle Vielfalt aus, die bei anderen Lösungen aus dem Bereich elastischer Fügeverbindungen nicht zu finden ist. Hierbei sind vor allem die breite Variabilität des Basispolymers sowie die unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten der Anbindung der Silan‐Gruppe an dieses Polymer hervorzuheben. In den letzten Jahren sind hier einige weitere Hybridmaterialien eingeführt worden, wodurch immer mehr Anwendungen erschlossen wurden, bei denen elastische Verklebungen und Dichtungslösungen eine Rolle spielen. Hierauf wollen wir im zweiten Teil dieser Artikelserie eingehen.
An explicit nonlinear mapping‐based locality constrained index for nonlinear statistical process monitoring
Authors: Chen Yang , Tong Chudong , Shi Xuhua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDifferent from the mainstream nonlinear multivariate statistical process monitoring approaches, which usually implement offline feature extraction for a given dataset sampled from the normal operating condition, the proposed method analyzes the inconsistency inherited in each specific online monitored sample of current interest in a timely manner so that a novel monitoring statistic called locality constrained index (LCI) can be simultaneously calculated. Through taking advantage of an explicit nonlinear mapping (ENM), the sampled data is first transformed into a higher‐dimensional space so as to explicitly reflect the inherited nonlinearity between measured variables. With the involvement of the online monitored sample in designing the corresponding objective function, the calculation of LCI is then targeted to point out the deviation within the neighbourhood. According to the comparisons with the counterparts, the proposed ENM‐LCI‐based method demonstrated its salient superiority and consistent effectiveness in nonlinear process monitoring.
Quantitative Neuroanatomical Phenotyping of the Embryonic Mouse Brain
Authors: Nguyen Sylvie , Kannan Meghna , Gaborit Marion , Collins Stephan C. , Yalcin Binnaz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCongenital neurodevelopmental anomalies are present from birth and are characterized by an abnormal development of one or more structures of the brain. Brain structural anomalies are highly comorbid with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders such as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and schizophrenia, and 80% are of genetic origin. We aim to address an important neurobiological question: How many genes regulate the normal anatomy of the brain during development. To do so, we developed a quantitative approach for the assessment of a total of 106 neuroanatomical parameters in mouse mutant embryos at embryonic day 18.5 across two planes commonly used in brain anatomical studies, the coronal and sagittal planes. In this article we describe the techniques we developed and explain why ultrastandardized procedures involving embryonic mouse brains are even more of prime importance for morphological phenotyping than adult mouse brains. We focus our analysis on brain size anomalies and on the most frequently altered brain regions including the cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, ventricles, caudate putamen, and cerebellum. Our protocols allow a standardized histology pipeline from embryonic mouse brain preparation to sectioning, staining, and scanning and neuroanatomical analyses at well‐defined positions on the coronal and sagittal planes. Together, our protocols will help scientists in deciphering congenital neurodevelopmental anomalies and anatomical changes between groups of mouse embryos in health and genetic diseases. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Fixation and preparation of embryonic mouse brain samplesBasic Protocol 2: Sectioning, staining, and scanning of embryonic mouse brain sectionsBasic Protocol 3: Coronal neuroanatomical measurements of embryonic mouse brain structuresBasic Protocol 4: Sagittal neuroanatomical measurements of embryonic mouse brain structures
Using the red‐imported fire ant to study invasive species removal and reinvasion
Authors: Morehart Morgan A. , Gitzen Robert A. , Terhune Theron M. , Lepczyk Christopher A. , Sisson D. Clay 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInvasive species are a major driver of native species declines, frequently resulting in a reduction of ecosystem function. Though control of invasive species is often beneficial, it can create other ecological issues. However, studying the results can give insight into the benefits of removal and most effective management techniques. A model invasive species to test the effects of removal is the red‐imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta, hereafter RIFA), which depredates and competes with native species. We hypothesized that following removal, RIFA would recolonize treated areas from untreated borders, resulting in reinvasion and higher densities due to elimination of competition from native species that would also be extirpated by treatments. To test our hypothesis, we compared RIFA relative abundance on large sites (>400 ha) treated with a granular insecticide (Extinguish Plus, Central Life Sciences, Schaumburg, IL) in southwest Georgia, USA. Extinguish Plus effectively removed RIFA, but the treated sites were reinvaded approximately 14 months after treatment with higher densities of RIFA than on untreated areas, potentially reflecting release from competition from native ants removed by treatments. Invasive species removal may elicit a rapid recolonization via a density‐dependent response mechanism and potentially increase abundance of the target species. Management strategies integrating temporal and spatial replication of control measures and multiple management techniques will be most successful in controlling invasive species.
Understanding how diel and seasonal rhythms affect the movements of a small non‐migratory bird
Authors: Neumann L. K. , Davis C. A. , Fuhlendorf S. D. , Andersson K. , Elmore R. D. , Goodman L. E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiel and seasonal rhythms affect an animal's environment and life history. Understanding how these rhythms influence movement increases our knowledge on how animals adjust to changing resources, environmental conditions, and risk to their survival. To better understand how diel and seasonal rhythms affect animals, we evaluated movements of Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus, hereafter bobwhite). Because bobwhite are a small non‐migratory species that must cope with daily and seasonal changes in their environment year‐around, they are a model species to study how diel and seasonal rhythms influence animal movement of a non‐migratory species. GPS data from transmitters attached to bobwhite at four wildlife management sites across Oklahoma were collected during 2019–2021. We parsed the diel data as daytime (7:00 AM–7:00 PM Central Daylight Savings Time [CDT]) and nighttime (7:00 PM–7:00 AM CDT), and diurnal (sunrise–sunset) and nocturnal (sunset–sunrise), as well as by astronomical season. We calculated three movement metrics: net displacement (Euclidean distance from the starting fix to the ending fix of a path, which encompasses consecutive relocations in a time series of geographic fixes); cumulative distance (sum of all Euclidean distances between each consecutive fix along the path); and hourly movement. We modeled the data using a generalized linear mixed modeling approach. Across season, model predictions showed that net displacement was highest during spring, and daytime cumulative distance slowly increased as the year progressed. Bobwhite had two movement peaks during the diurnal period, one during 9:00 AM–10:00 AM and the other during 5:00 PM–8:00 PM depending on the season. Despite being diurnal, bobwhite occasionally made nocturnal movements, likely in response to a disturbance by a predator, inclement weather, or energetic demands. Movement peaks during the diurnal period may reflect changes in behavior in response to energy requirements, predator risk, and changes in air temperature. Life history events likely cause seasonal differences in movement. This study furthers our understanding of how animals move daily and seasonally, suggesting the importance of analyzing movement across the entire year because animals move differently across the day and year.