bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luster measurement of pearl by UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Salyacheewin C , Monarumit N , Wongkokua W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pearl is an organic gem with its unique color and luster. One of the factors determining the quality and price of pearl is the luster. The different luster of pearls could be related to the different phase structures such as aragonite, calcite and vaterite. Previously, a gloss meter has been developed to measure light specularly reflected at 45° to the surface normal. Six different visual criteria for measuring gloss have been determined. Luster, a type of gloss, was defined as the ratio of specularly reflected light and that diffusely reflected normal to the surface. In practice, luster may be interpreted as relative brightness of specularly and diffusely reflecting areas. Due to the roundness of pearl, we measured the luster of pearl samples by a portable UV-Vis spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. The luster could be calculated from the difference of CIELAB lightness measured by SCI and SCE geometries.
Simulation of wave propagation using graph-theoretical algorithm
Authors: Ketthong K , Pulpirom S , Rianthakool L , Prasanai K , Takuathung C Na , Chomkokard S , Jinuntuya N , Wongkokua W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We simulate the wave propagation through various mediums using a graph-theoretical path-finding algorithm. The mediums are discretized to the square lattices, where each node is connected up to its 4th nearest neighbours. The edge connecting any 2 nodes is weighted by the time of flight of the wave between the nodes, which is calculated from the Euclidean distance between the nodes divided by the average velocity at the positions of those nodes. According to Fermat’s principle of least time, wave propagation between 2 nodes will follow the path with minimal weight. We thus use the path-finding algorithm to find such a path. We apply our method to simulate wave propagation from a point source through a homogeneous medium. By defining a wavefront as a contour of nodes with the same time of flight, we obtain a spherical wave as expected. We next investigate the wave propagation through a boundary of 2 mediums with different wave velocities. The result shows wave refraction that exactly follows Snell’s law. Finally, we apply the algorithm to determine the velocity model in a wood sample, where the wave velocity is determined by the angle between the propagation direction and the radial direction from its pith. By comparing the time of flight from our simulation with the measurements, the parameters in the velocity model can be obtained. The advantage of our method is its simplicity and straightforwardness. In all the above simulations, the same simple path-finding code is used, regardless of the complexity of the wave velocity model of the mediums. We expect that our method can be useful in practice when an investigation of wave propagation in a complex medium is needed.
A simple improvement of an off-grid solar photovoltaic panel using an integrated reflector
Authors: Wongrerkdee Sawitree , Kasemjit Patcharawadee , Moungsrijun Sasimonton , Sujinnapram Supphadate , Krobthong Sucheewan , Wongrerkdee Sutthipoj 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This work presents a simple demonstration of a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel integrated with mirror reflectors to increase electric energy generation. The reflector was integrated with a PV panel and its angle was adjusted to an incline to optimize sunlight collection. Current and voltage generated by PV panel was recorded by an Arduino data logger. The integrated-reflector PV panel at an appropriate incline angle of 70 degrees presented a 9.38% increased electric energy beyond that of a conventional PV panel. This result was because the reflector provided greater sunlight to the PV panel. Therefore, this method can be used to increase solar PV panel performance without the installation of additional panels.
Should we teach free-body diagrams before or after Newton’s Laws?
Authors: Nuchsirikulaphong N , Emarat N , Arayathanitkul K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
There are two interesting lesson sequences for teaching force and motion in high-school physics. These are teaching free-body diagrams before Newton’s laws (FbN) and teaching Newton’s laws before free-body diagrams (NbF). Both sequences were found in physics textbooks. Different authors adopted the sequence that they believe it would affect student understanding better. However, some physics experts did not agree with this. It is therefore interesting to know if we should teach with the FbN or NbF sequence. This motivates us to study the effect of such lesson sequences on student understanding of force and motion. The sample group was grade-10 students from two physics courses in 2020. One course was taught with the FbN sequence (29 students) and the other with the NbF sequence (34 students). Their understanding was evaluated by using an assessment test which consisted of three parts including (1) Newtonian concept, (2) problem solving, and (3) free-body diagrams. The result shows that for the Newtonian concept part, the average scores are 11% for the FbN and 13% for the NbF sequence. The average scores of the problem-solving part are 13% and 9% and those of the free-body diagram part are 41% and 48% for the FbN and NbF sequences, respectively. The scores of all parts between the two sequences were not significantly different. In addition, student difficulties found in all parts were similar. However, a larger number of students who could provide the equation of motion (F = ma) in the problem-solving part was found in the FbN sequence. We might conclude that teaching free-body diagrams before or after Newton’s laws did not affect student understanding in the topic of force and motion. Detail of student difficulties in both sequences will be further discussed.
Newton’s law of cooling experiment set using Arduino temperature sensor
Authors: Chanthamanee P , Jinda P , Mani M , Prasitpong S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The research aims to develop the experimental set of the temperature measurement in liquid by Arduino program displaying data on a smartphone via the Blynk application. The experimental set is composed of 1) 2 liquid temperature sensors (DS18B20 model), 2) Arduino program, and 3) LED screen for showing the temperature value in unit of °C and connect to a smartphone. The Arduino temperature sensor 1 and sensor 2 of the experimental set have 0.57% and 0.51% errors, respectively, compared with the temperature sensor of the B Smart Science Co., Ltd. company. The instrument is applied to the physics laboratory on Newton’s law of cooling to find the cooling rate of water and coffee. This low-cost instrument revealed high accuracy results and easy to connect with other devices.
Activities on reflection of light based on low-cost materials at eighth grade
Authors: Kittiravechote A , Thinarat N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Studying science through hands-on activities within the context of teaching and learning using local environments and resources has been recognized as a fundamental prerequisite of school curriculum in many developing countries, including Thailand. Accordingly, we are interested in implementing such a concept in designing science teaching and learning for middle school students that emphasizes student participation in the provision of materials and equipment for scientific activities. The purposes of this study are to design hands-on activities for eighth grade students on the topic of light reflection using low-cost materials, and then to examine the results after they are implemented. The experimental group consisted of 30 eighth grade students who were chosen at random in one room. The instruments used in the experiment were two types of achievement tests that were administered as pretests and posttests on the topics of light reflection on smooth and curved surfaces. The paired sample t-test was performed after the collection of data to determine students’ conceptual understanding. Our result displays a highly significant difference (p <.01) between the pretest score (39.7%) and posttest score (83.3%), indicating that students actively participated in hands-on activities and learned light reflection knowledge and skills through interaction and discussion with their classmates. We highlight the advantages of our study for science teachers in rural schools in ensuring students develop 21st Century Skills, which is an important part of STEM education.
Smartphones as detector the speed of sound: A classroom explanation and demonstration
Authors: Thongsuk T , Intanin A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper presents how smartphones determine the speed of sound (C) with a classroom explanation and demonstration to design a variety of lab instruments. Smartphone sensors such as mics and speakers were used as experimental tools by students for calculating the value of speed of sound. Mathematics is used to describe physics principles using only the mean of repetitive experimental results. After conducting an experiment with 43 students, majoring in general science, faculty of education and educational innovation, Kalasin University, the students report the value of the speed of sound nearly to theoretical values with a percentage difference of less than 0.1%, equipment used in everyday life in the classroom, equipment that is cheap, along with a simple calculation of speed of sound, is an advantage of this experiment.
The interactive computer simulation and learning activity for facilitating students’ conceptual understanding on the buoyant force through the CoSci learning platform
Authors: Wongsuwan Wachirawut , Huntula Jiradawan , Liu Chen-Chung 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Learning science, especially in the physics field, there are many varieties of invisible and abstract phenomena that are hard and difficult for students to observe and learn. One of the tools that can help students to understand those phenomena in a better way is computer simulations. The computer simulations are usually used in both on-site classroom and on-line learning platforms. Learning in the COVID-19 pandemic era at present, the computer simulations are very important for helping students to understand the physics concept. Interactive computer simulation can be considered as one of the effective methods of facilitating inquiry learning in science, as it allows students to experience the scientific inquiry process and facilitates students to understand an abstract conception and to understand the relationship between variables of invisible phenomena more clearly in reasonable ways. This study aimed to develop the interactive computer simulation and learning activity for enhancing students’ conceptual understanding of the buoyant force on the CoSci learning platform. Totally eighteen participants were studied in the twelfth grade in science classrooms of a university-affiliated school project (SCiUS), Khon Kaen University, Thailand, in 2019. The learning activity was developed based on students’ alternative concepts and used to facilitate students’ conceptual understanding of the buoyant force. There were six basic concepts related to the buoyant force constructed based on the predict-observe-explain strategy (POE) with the interactive computer simulation (i.e., the CoSci learning platform) in the learning activity. The learning activity on the CoSci learning platform consisted of eight pie charts such as 1) main question pie chart, 2) density pie chart, 3) water level pie chart, 4) volume pie chart, 5) mass pie chart, 6) weight pie chart, 7) submerged depth pie chart, and 8) answer pie chart. There were six interactive computer simulations used in this research including 1) density simulation, 2) water level simulation, 3) volume simulation, 4) mass simulation, 5) submerged depth simulation, and 6) weight simulation. All of these simulations were developed on the CoSci learning platform (https://cosci.tw/). The findings showed that 72% of students performed better in the post-test scores than in the pre-test score in all six basic concepts related to the buoyant force after learning buoyant force on the CoSci platform. Furthermore, the most difficulty in changing misconception in learning of the buoyant force was the concept related to the mass of the object.
Development creativity of grade 5 students on electricity through STEM education
Authors: Sasangbong Supaluk , Huntula Jiradawan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The research aim was to develop creativity of grade 5 students through STEM education in electricity. There were 15 students of Grade 5 in Khon Kaen Province in 2020 participated in this study. The action research was implemented to this study with three loops of action research to improve creativity of students. The physics contents consisted of simple circuit, conductor, insulator, switch, connecting battery in a series circuit and a parallel circuit, series and parallel circuit and the motor connection. The fifteen lessons were separated into three loops of actions. Each loop of lessons consisted of three Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) lessons, and a lesson which is an Engineering design process lesson for designing product to improve student’s creativity in electricity. The students were fluent in designing various tasks to solve problems arising from a given classroom situation and had flexibility and elaboration in given reasons in selecting the materials to create the works. At the last lesson of the each action loops the data was collected to show how students improved their creativity. The student’s work and their presentation were evaluated by the creativity’s rubric scores in four dimensions of Originality, Fluency, Flexibility and Elaboration. The results show that student’s creativity were improve by STEM education in electricity. All dimension of creativity which are originality, fluency, flexibility and elaboration were improved from loop 1 to loop 3 of action research.
Development of a serial link transmitter for monolithic active pixel sensors
Authors: Zhou W. , Niu X. , Han W. , Li X. , Wang Q. , Zhao C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a 5-Gbps serial link transmitter has been designed for monolithic active pixel sensor. The serial link is designed in a commercial 130-nm CMOS technology with a power supply of 1.2 V. The transmitter consists of a 16b/20b encoder, a three-stage 20:1 serializer core, the CML driver with pre-emphasis function, and a high-speed receiver to deal with the external clock. The root mean square jitter of this serial link transmitter is 2.2 ps, indicating a bit error rate of 1 × 10−14. This paper will discuss the design and performance of this serial link transmitter.
Pragmatic method for fast programming of hybrid photon counting detectors
Authors: Bacchi C. , Dawiec A. , Orsini F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is now been over 15 years since Hybrid Photon Counting Detectors (HPCD) became one of the standard position-sensitive detectors for synchrotron light sources and X-ray detection applications. This is mainly due to their single-photon sensitivity over a high dynamic energy range and electronic noise suppression thanks to energy thresholding. To reach those performances, all HPCD pixels must feature the same electrical response against photons of the same energy. From the analysis of a monochromatic beam, in case of an ideal HPCD detector, it would be sufficient to apply a fixed voltage threshold among all pixels, positioned at half of the mean pulse amplitude to count every photon above the threshold. However, in practical cases, it must be considered that noise baselines from all pixels are not always strictly located at the same voltage level but can be spread over some voltage ranges. To address this kind of issue, most of all HPCDs apply a conventional threshold equalization method, that mainly relies on three steps; the setting of a global threshold at an arbitrary value, the identification of pixels noise baseline around that global threshold through an in-pixel threshold trimmer, and the computation of the required threshold offsets for setting all pixels at their own noise baseline at the same time. However, in case of a first-time use of an HPCD prototype, the threshold equalization might be biased by parameters that are wrongly set. Those biases can sometimes be characterized by the inability to localize some pixel noise baselines, which could be outside the voltage range of the threshold trimmer. The recovery of those biased pixels could be performed by changing the position of the global threshold, or by increasing the voltage range of the threshold trimmer. Unfortunately, both solutions could be time consuming due to the lack of information on the required steps for recovering all noise baselines. In order to overcome this issue in a reasonable time, this work introduces a pragmatic method that can be applied to HPCDs for an early and effective identification of appropriate pixels’ parameters, avoiding the need to test a high number of pixels configurations. The application of this method, at the early stage of the HPCD calibration, may drastically reduce the investigation time for finding the optimal operating parameters of HPCD prototypes.
3D TSV hybrid pixel detector modules with ATLAS FE-I4 readout electronic chip
Authors: Fritzsch T. , Huegging F. , Mackowiak P. , Zoschke K. , Rothermund M. , Owtscharenko N. , Pohl D.-L. , Oppermann H. , Wermes N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The through silicon via (TSV) technology has been introduced in a wide range of electronic packaging applications. Hybrid pixel detectors for X-ray imaging and for high-energy physics (HEP) can benefit from this technology as well. A 3D TSV prototype using the ATLAS FE-I4 readout electronic chip is described in this paper. This type of readout chip is already prepared for the TSV backside process providing a TSV landing pad in the first metal layer of the backend-of-line (BEOL) layer stack. Based on this precondition a TSV backside via-last process is developed on ATLAS FE-I4 readout chip wafer. The readout chip wafers were thinned to 100 µm and 80 µm final thickness and straight sidewall vias with 60 µm in diameter has been etched into the silicon from wafer backside using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). The filling of the TSVs and the formation of the wafer backside interconnection were provided by a copper electroplating process. ATLAS FE-I4 readout chips with through silicon vias has been successfully tested, tuned and operated. In addition, hybrid pixel detector modules have been flip chip bonded using ATLAS FE-I4 TSV readout chips and planar sensor chips. After mounting the bare modules onto a support PCB, its full functionality has been verified with a source scan.
Nucleation efficiency of nuclear recoils in bubble chambers
Authors: Durnford D. , Piro M.-C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Bubble chambers using liquid xenon (and liquid argon) have been operated (resp. planned) by the Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) collaboration for GeV-scale dark matter searches and CEνNS from reactors. This will require a robust calibration program of the nucleation efficiency of low-energy nuclear recoils in these target media. Such a program has been carried out by the PICO collaboration, which aims to directly detect dark matter using C3F8 bubble chambers. Neutron calibration data from mono-energetic neutron beam and Am-Be source has been collected and analyzed, leading to a global fit of a generic nucleation efficiency model for carbon and fluorine recoils, at thermodynamic thresholds of 2.45 and 3.29 keV. Fitting the many-dimensional model to the data (34 free parameters) is a non-trivial computational challenge, addressed with a custom Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach, which will be presented. Parametric MC studies undertaken to validate this methodology are also discussed. This fit paradigm demonstrated for the PICO calibration will be applied to existing and future scintillating bubble chamber calibration data.
Macroporous methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel with different pore sizes for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of vascularization
Authors: Lu Daohuan , Zeng Zhiwen , Geng Zhijie , Guo Cuiping , Pei Dating , Zhang Jin , Yu Shan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Vascularization of thick hydrogel scaffolds is still a big challenge, because the submicron- or nano-sized pores seriously restrict endothelial cells adhesion, proliferation and migration. Therefore, porous hydrogels have been fabricated as a kind of promising hydrous scaffolds for enhancing vascularization during tissue repairing. In order to investigate the effects of pore size on vascularization, macroporous methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) hydrogels with different pore sizes were fabricated by a gelatin microspheres (GMS) template method. After leaching out GMS templates, uniform and highly interconnected macropores were formed in hydrogels, which provided an ideal physical microenvironment to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) migration and tissue vascularization. In vitro results revealed that macroporous hydrogels facilitated cells proliferation and migration compared with non-macroporous hydrogels. Hydrogels with middle pore size of 200–250 μm (HAMA250 hydrogels) supported the best cell proliferation and furthest 3D migration of HUVECs. The influences of pore sizes on vascularization were then evaluated with subcutaneous embedding. In vivo results illustrated that HAMA250 hydrogels exhibited optimum vascularization behavior. Highest number of newly formed blood vessels and expression of CD31 could be found in HAMA250 hydrogels rather than in other hydrogels. In summary, our results concluded that the best pore size for endothelial cells migration and tissue vascularization was 200–250 μm. This research provides a new insight into the engineering vascularized tissues and may find utility in designing regenerative biomaterial scaffolds.
Evaluation of the Quality of Drinking Water and Rivers in the Mantaro Valley, Central Peru
Authors: Aylas-Quispe A , Campos-Llantoy A , Perez-Cordova M , Alvarez-Montalván C.E. , Camargo-Hinostroza S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The quality of river water is essential for the survival of living beings, whether for agricultural, livestock or human consumption. This study was carried out in the province of Junín, in different districts of Huancayo, the analysis of the samples was carried out in the continental university, from which the data were obtained for comparisons. This investigation revealed that the Chanchas river water has a higher concentration of pollutants during the afternoons since the pH is 8.69 (alkaline), being within the environmental quality standards, however these waters are not recommended for irrigation because it would cause plants do not absorb nutrients properly. Likewise, it was shown that the pH values of the drinking water of the four districts are similar, being 7.36, verifying that it is within the maximum permissible limit and suitable for consumption.