bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Helix Interactions in the Context of Economic Development and Public Policies: From Triple to Quadruple and N-Tuple Helix vs. N-Tuple and Quadruple Helix to Triads
Authors: Park Han Woo , Stek Pieter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Quadruple collaboration has risen rapidly in place of the traditional triple helix model of institutional collaboration between universities, governments, and companies. Loet Leydesdorff and Helen Lawton Smith (2022) approach this challenge by aiming to resolve the issue of evaluating and analyzing various quadruple and n-tuple helices. This article seeks to recognize the increasing complexity of new and developing issues in quadruple and n-tuple helices as a response to their research. Higher order helices raise a number of important scientific difficulties, including conceptual and practical issues. The goal of this contribution is to highlight some of the major challenges involved with researching multiple helixes in terms of knowledge innovation, as well as to offer some alternative areas for future research on n-tuple helices measurement.
Triple, Quadruple and N-Tuple Helices: The RIS3 and EDP of a Higher-Order Policy Model
Authors: Deakin Mark 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the past decade there have been a series of articles on the status of Triple, Quadruple and N-Tuple Helices. In responding to the most recent of these from Leydesdorff and Lawson Smith (2022), this article examines the respective status of the Triple and Quadruple Helix as the scientific basis of the Research and Innovation Strategies related to Smart Specialisation (RIS3) and as the foundation of the Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP). In conducting this examination, the article draws attention to the strengths of the Triple Helix Model, the communication overlay, fourth selection environment and associated ecology of the meta-stabilisation it posits not as the Quadruple Helix, but N-Tuple helices of a higher-order policy model. That policy model which stands high in terms of the status it commands as a regime governing the transition to a next-order system. To a next-order system whose governing regime commands this heightened status as the model policy for nation-states to adopt in sustaining the economic growth of regions.
Muscular Morality
Authors: Sapontzis Steve F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This three-part essay discusses the sort of pragmatic, common-practice based animal liberation philosophy engagingly developed and successfully practiced by Bernard Rollin for many decades. Part I discusses the reasoning involved in holding both of the following beliefs: first, the value of animals’ lives and experiences is not limited to their usefulness for satisfying human interests; there is also the value their experiences and lives have for the animals themselves. Second, it is morally permissible for us routinely to sacrifice their interests in using animals to satisfy human needs and wants. Part II discusses why that reasoning is seldom questioned, and part III suggests some lessons that infrequency holds for animal liberation.
Animal Consciousness and Human Compassion
Authors: Crosby Donald A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Bernard E. Rollin devoted much of his life to arguing and working for compassionate attitudes toward and appropriate ethical treatments of nonhuman animals. This essay exhibits the close link he insisted on between such attitudes and treatments, on the one hand, and acknowledgment of types and degrees of consciousness in many species of such animals, on the other. Not only are many animals capable of conscious suffering in his view; they are also capable of conscious memory, regret, anticipation, disappointment, affection, delight, and the like. Rollin argues that each species of nonhuman animal has its own distinctive telos or characteristic way of living that should also elicit and demand the respect of human beings. Recognition of and respect for each animal’s way of life and extent of conscious awareness are essential to understanding how empathy and ethics are conjoined and should always be conjoined in the field of animal ethics.
Medically Smart, Fiscally Illiterate: Lack of Financial Education Leads to Poor Retirement Savings Strategies in Surgical Trainees
Authors: Barrett James R. , Leonard Laura D. , Kovar Alexandra , McCarthy Daniel Patrick , Harms Bruce , Tevis Sarah 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Resident physicians are uniquely at high financial risk given their long training programs, lack of financial education, and documented poor financial literacy. Budgeting for retirement savings is an important metric for financial literacy. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents from two distinct surgery programs to assess their current financial status and their knowledge of and attitudes toward retirement savings strategies. Qualitative analysis was performed and the themes identified were examined in the context of previously reported quantitative survey data. Results As previously reported, 105 residents at Site 1 completed a comprehensive financial survey 56% of respondents reported having no retirement savings. On additional analysis, only 26% residents surveyed reported optimal savings habits defined as contributing $5000/year to a retirement account starting their first year of training. 23 residents from both sites and representing all post-graduate-year (PGY) levels then participated in the focused, semi-structured interviews. Site 2 residents were less likely to be female (P = .02) and carried a significantly larger debt burden (p < .01) but were otherwise comparable to residents from Site 1. On qualitative analysis three consistent themes emerged: (1) Resident understanding of strategies for retirement savings is poor; (2) Lack of knowledge is the primary barrier; (3) Surgical residents desire financial education. Conclusions Surgery residents have a large debt burden, minimal retirement savings and an overall lack of understanding of savings strategies. Well-designed, early, and accessible educational interventions may improve the “financial vital signs” of surgical trainees and establish habits for long-term financial success.
Mind-Body dualism and medical student attitudes toward mental illness in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Tayeb Haythum O , Alsawwaf Yousef , Kokandi Samia , Baduwailan Abrar , Alzaben Faten , Butt Nadim Shafique , Hassan Ahmed N. , Koenig Harold G. 
Published: May 2022

Background Philosophical beliefs regarding the origin of mental illness may underlie resistance to psychiatric treatment and affect attitudes toward the mentally ill. Aim The present study sought to: (1) identify characteristics of medical students who hold mind-brain dualism (MBD) beliefs and (2) determine relationships between MBD beliefs and perceptions of mental illnesses. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that asked medical students questions about mind-brain beliefs and religiosity. Three fictitious vignettes (schizophrenia, antisocial personality disorder [APD], and depression) were presented and then students asked about how much participants felt the patients in these scenarios bore responsibility for their illness. A MBD score was calculated to measure MBD beliefs, and a total responsibility score (RS) was used to measure patient blameworthiness. Mediation analysis was used to examine whether MBD beliefs explained the relationship between religiosity and perceived patient responsibility for their illness, and whether this was moderated by gender. Results The questionnaire was completed by 106 Saudi medical students. The average RS was highest for the APD scenario and lowest for schizophrenia, whereas depression fell intermediate between those two (ANOVA F (1.82, 219.83) = 27.21, P < .001). Religiosity was positively correlated with RS, a relationship that was mediated by MBD in all three vignettes. Conclusion Mind-brain dualism beliefs among medical students in Saudi Arabia were associated with greater perceptions of self-infliction, preventability, controllability, and blameworthiness for patients with mental illness, moderated by gender. Greater emphasis on the neurobiological aspects of psychiatric disorders might help to change this attitude.
Establishment of diagnostic reference levels in low-dose renal computed tomography
Authors: Rawashdeh Mohammad , Saade Charbel 
Published: May 2022

Background Increased radiation doses from computed tomography (CT) examinations is well known with proven risks of inducing cancers for effective dose >100 mSv (according to some studies >50 mSvs). Purpose To establish the diagnostic reference level (DRL) for low-dose renal CT examinations in the evaluation of renal stones. Material and Methods Patient demographics, CT parameters, and dosimetric indices (CTDIvol and dose length product [DLP]) were collected from 12 tertiary hospitals that routinely perform renal CT in the detection and evaluation of renal stones over a period of 12 weeks. Data obtained from 1418 average-sized patients in each category were recorded. The median values of dosimetric indices for each site were calculated. The DRL values were defined as the 75th percentile of the distribution of the median values of CTDIvol and DLP. Results There were no significant differences between patient demographics. Mean kVp and mAs for protocols were 121.67 ± 11.56 and 226.91 ± 78.44, respectively. The CTDIvol values were in the range of 2–36.2 mGy, while the DLP values were in the range of 43–1942 mGy.cm. The DRL for the CTDIvol was 16.15 mGy and for the DLP 851.77 mGy.cm. The local median values of CDTIvol and DLP are higher than DRL in two hospitals. Conclusion Comparison of local median values of CDTIvol and DLP with DRL suggests the needs of an optimization strategy in some hospitals.
No Difference in Clinical Outcomes for Arthroscopic Suprapectoral Versus Open Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis at Midterm Follow-up: A Randomized Prospective Analysis
Authors: Forsythe Brian , Berlinberg Elyse J. , Diaz Connor C. , Korrapati Avinaash , Agarwalla Avinesh , Patel Harsh H. , Cole Brian J. , Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Yanke Adam B. , Romeo Anthony A. , Verma Nikhil N. 
Published: May 2022

Background: We have previously reported the 1-year outcomes of arthroscopic suprapectoral biceps tenodesis (ASPBT) versus open subpectoral biceps tenodesis (OSPBT) for the management of long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) pathology. While patients had similar 1-year biceps muscle strength and pain, longer-term functional outcomes are unknown. Purpose: To directly compare clinical outcomes of ASPBT versus OSPBT with interference screw fixation, distal to the bony bicipital groove, at a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 85 patients undergoing biceps tenodesis (BT) for LHBT disease were randomized into the ASPBT or OSPBT group. Both techniques utilized polyether ether ketone inference screws for tenodesis fixation. Patients completed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Constant subjective, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) questionnaires preoperatively and again at 6 months, 12 months, and at the final follow-up at a minimum of 24 months. Results: A total of 73 patients (37/42 randomized to ASPBT [88%]; 36/42 randomized to OSPBT [86%]) with a mean age of 50.4 ± 10.3 years and a mean body mass index of 29 ± 7.9 were included in clinical outcome analyses. The mean final follow-up was 2.9 years (ASPBT, 3 years; OSPBT, 2.8 years [range 2-5.2 years]). Comparison of demographic characteristics and intraoperative findings showed no significant differences in age, sex, concomitant procedures, and rotator cuff disease. No statistically significant differences in the ASES ( P = .25), Constant subjective ( P = .52), and SANE scores ( P = .61) were found at the final follow-up. Clinical outcomes scores showed no significant improvement from a mean of 12.6 months to the final follow-up at 34.5 months (ASPBT: ASES, P = .43; Constant, P = .25; SANE, P = .45 vs OSPBT: ASES, P = .65; Constant, P = .78; SANE, P = .70). No patients required revision of BT in either group. Conclusion: This study reported a minimum of 2-year follow-up of patients undergoing ASPBT or OSPBT, utilizing the same interference screw technique, for the management of LHBT pathology in the setting of concomitant shoulder procedures. There were no significant differences in patient-reported outcomes and complication rates found at any time point. Registration: NCT02192073 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Management of Venous Thromboembolism in Morbid Obesity With Rivaroxaban or Warfarin
Authors: Weaver Paige , Ng Tsz Hin , Breeden Thomas , Edwin Stephanie B. , Haan Bradley ,   ASCEND-HIGHER Research Initiative, Giuliano Christopher 
Published: May 2022

Background Rivaroxaban is a first-line option for the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, limited data are available regarding its effectiveness in morbidly obese patients. Objective To evaluate rates of thrombosis and bleeding in morbidly obese patients receiving rivaroxaban or warfarin for VTE. Methods A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare rates of bleeding and thrombosis in patients receiving rivaroxaban versus warfarin for acute VTE. Patients were included if they were older than 18 years and had a body mass index (BMI) greater than 40 kg/m2 or weight greater than 120 kg. The primary effectiveness outcome was hazard of VTE recurrence; the primary safety outcome was hazard of major bleeding. Patients were followed for up to 12 months. Results A total of 1281 patients were identified for acute VTE and were included in this study with 487 patients receiving rivaroxaban and 785 receiving warfarin. The average cohort age was 57.6 ± 14.6 years, and the average weight was 136.4 ± 27.2 kg. After controlling for confounding factors, the use of rivaroxaban was not associated with an increased hazard of VTE events when compared with warfarin (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42-1.08, P = 0.12) or major bleeding (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.66-2.30, P = 0.52). Conclusion and Relevance No difference was observed in obese patients with weight >120 kg or BMI >40 kg/m2 receiving rivaroxaban or warfarin for VTE treatment in hazard of VTE or major bleeding. Either agent may be considered an appropriate treatment option in this population.
Effect of hybridization on physio-mechanical behavior of Vetiver and Jute fibers reinforced epoxy composites for structural applications: Studies on fabrication, physicomechanical, water-absorption, and morphological properties
Authors: Jha Kanishka , Tamrakar Paresh , Kumar Rajeev , Sharma Shubham , Singh Jujhar , Ilyas Rushdan Ahmad , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: May 2022

Plant and animal fibers are getting recognition from researchers and academicians as a potential reinforcement for polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. In the present study, the fabrication has been carried out on Jute and Vetiver fiber reinforced Epoxy composites using hand lay-up technique with a varying mass of the fibers in epoxy and matrix modifier graphite which has been fixed by weight. The mechanical (tensile, flexural and hardness test), and physical properties (water absorption [WA] and moisture content behavior) of developed composites are determined. The results obtained from performed test show that tensile strength of around 212.96 MPa was achieved for 6 wt% of Vetiver, the flexural strength of around 266.267 MPa, and the Rockwell hardness is 70.08. The WA is found maximum for Vetiver, and Jute fiber reinforced epoxy composite in the sample with 8% Vetiver and 22% of Jute fiber of composite. Scanning Electron Microscopy micrographs clearly show the incompatibility of Vetiver fiber with Epoxy matrix, easily understood with pull out of Vetiver fibers from the matrix. The continuous fiber was used which is equal to the length of the casting, therefore, even due to debonding, fracture of Vetiver fibers occurred more than pull-out.
A systematic review of ethnic disparities in the uptake of colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Sekhon Inderjit Singh HK , Lal N , Majeed A , Pawa N 
Published: May 2022

Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening reduces mortality, but variation exists in uptake. Ethnicity is suggested to play a role; however, there is no high-level evidence to support this. We aim to clarify the impact of Ethnicity on CRC screening uptake and our barriers to its understanding. Methods: A systematic review to identify studies reporting on the participation of ethnic minorities in CRC screening worldwide was performed. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar databases up until 31 May 2019 were searched. Compliance with screening according to ethnic groups and screening modality was evaluated compared to the ‘White’ control group. Results: Twenty-two studies were included in the review reporting on 2,084,213 patients. Substantial variation in categorisation of ethnicities (40 sub-categories), screening modality studied and confounding factors accounted for was observed. 8/15 studies for ‘Blacks’, 10/13 for ‘Hispanics’, 2/2 for ‘Asians’ and 1/1 for ‘South East Asians’ suggest a less likely or significantly decreased compliance with screening for all screening modalities ( p < .05) compared to ‘Whites’. Interestingly ‘Japanese’, ‘Vietnamese’ and ‘Filipino’ groups consistently show no difference in the uptake of CRC screening compared to the ‘White’ majority. Conclusion: This is the only systematic review on this topic. It highlights the inconsistency in screening uptake behaviour in different ethnic minority groups and identifies barriers like variation in ethnicity categorisation, screening modality and study design utilised to understanding the intricacies of this relationship. Further collaboration and action needs to be undertaken internationally to clarify and improve inequity in the uptake of screening.
A Model Medical Examiner Law
Authors: Weedn Victor W. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Legal systems for medicolegal death investigation in the United States are varied. A 1954 model medical examiner law was initially embraced by a few states but did not gain widespread support and was woefully inadequate. The 2009 National Commission on Forensic Science recommended the creation of an updated model medical examiner legislation. Methods: Various considerations for policymakers are explored. Results: A model law is proposed.
New bone formation over dehiscent semicircular canal with cartilage cap
Authors: Bhatt Alok A , Vibhute Prasanna , Gupta Vivek , Zapala David A , Pooley Robert A , Lundy Larry B 
Published: May 2022

Purpose Cartilage cap resurfacing is a method to seal a superior semicircular canal dehiscence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detection of new bone formation after surgical placement of a cartilage cap over a dehiscent semicircular canal. Methods In this retrospective review, two neuroradiologists blinded to each other’s interpretation reviewed the temporal bones of 20 patients, five of which had a pre-operative computed tomography (CT) exam which was interpreted as unilateral superior semicircular canal dehiscence and with new bone formation following repair on follow-up CT. There were also 15 control subjects. Each neuroradiologist was blinded to history, including post-operative changes, and asked to determine if there was a dehiscence or no dehiscence. Results Out of the 15 controls, there was 100% inter-observer agreement. On the five post-operative patients, there was agreement in 4/5 that there was no dehiscence post-operatively and 1/5 agreement of dehiscence post-operatively, but ectopic bone adjacent to the dehiscence. Conclusion Our results indicate that new bone formation can be seen at the site of cartilage cap placement over the dehiscence and be interpreted as bony closure of the dehiscence.
Intracranial computed tomography histogram analysis detects changes in the setting of elevated intracranial pressure and normal imaging
Authors: Asnafi Solmaz , Chen Benson S , Biousse Valérie , Newman Nancy J , Saindane Amit M 
Published: May 2022

Background: Patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) have elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) of unclear etiology. This study evaluated the ability of quantitative intracranial Hounsfield unit (HU) histogram analysis to detect pathophysiological changes from elevated ICP in the setting of a normal head CT. Methods: Retrospective analysis of non-contrast-enhanced head CT images of IIH patients and matched controls. Following skull stripping, total intracranial CT voxels within the range of 0-70 HU were divided into seven 10 HU bins. A measurement of total intracranial HU was also calculated for each patient. Imaging studies for IIH patients were reviewed for features of IIH including transverse sinus stenosis (TSS). Histogram measures were compared between IIH and control groups and correlated with imaging and clinical data. Results: Fourteen IIH patients with CSF opening pressure ≥25 cm water, and 31 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched controls were included. Compared to controls, IIH patients had a significantly greater proportion of voxels in the 40-50, 50-60, and 60-70 HU bins ( p = 0.003, 0.001, and 0.003, respectively) but similar proportion in the 0-10 HU range. Severity of TSS significantly correlated with total intracranial HU measures. 50-60 HU and 60-70 HU bins demonstrated high AUCs of 0.81 and 0.80, respectively, in differentiating IIH from normal status. Conclusion: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients have a greater proportion of high intracranial HU voxels representing blood volume, which may be explained by TSS causing venous congestion. The pattern provides further insights into the pathophysiology of IIH and may be useful for detecting elevated ICP in the setting of normal head CT imaging.