bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic-field–induced Zeeman excitation mode in paramagnetic NdGaO3single-crystal probed by magneto-terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Dagar Rahul , Kinha Monu , Rana D. S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The magnetic field control of quantum matter enables to study various exotic phenomena which emerge in complex oxide materials. The thin film heterostructures of these systems, potentially relevant in oxide electronics, require a great deal of care in distinguishing the properties of the film from those of the substrate underneath. Here, we unravel a low-energy excitation mode in NdGaO3 crystals which is an important constituent of oxide thin film heterostructures. Employing terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy with control of the external magnetic field, an excitation mode resonating at a frequency of 0.2THz was observed along two key (001) and (110) crystallographic orientations. The mode develops and strengthens with an application of increasing magnetic field and weakens with increasing temperature; all attributes conforming to the predictions for the energetics of Zeeman splitting and intra-level transition within Kramer's doublet ground state. A dominance of the magnetic field control of this mode along (110) compared to that along (001) orientation also further unveils a structural control. NdGaO3crystals are widely used as substrates in oxide thin film heterostructures; hence, while realizing ultrafast control of magnetic order, specifically in oxide thin films, the Kramer crystal field splitting mode should be carefully separated from ordered spin resonance mode.
‘Neighbourhood watch’ model: embryonic epiblast cells assess positional information in relation to their neighbours
Authors: Lee Hyung Chul , Hastings Cato , Oliveira Nidia M. M. , Pérez-Carrasco Rubén , Page Karen M. , Wolpert Lewis , Stern Claudio D. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
In many developing and regenerating systems, tissue pattern is established through gradients of informative morphogens, but we know little about how cells interpret these. Using experimental manipulation of early chick embryos, including misexpression of an inducer (VG1 or ACTIVIN) and an inhibitor (BMP4), we test two alternative models for their ability to explain how the site of primitive streak formation is positioned relative to the rest of the embryo. In one model, cells read morphogen concentrations cell-autonomously. In the other, cells sense changes in morphogen status relative to their neighbourhood. We find that only the latter model can account for the experimental results, including some counter-intuitive predictions. This mechanism (which we name the ‘neighbourhood watch’ model) illuminates the classic ‘French Flag Problem’ and how positional information is interpreted by a sheet of cells in a large developing system.
Looking beyond the gene network – metabolic and mechanical cell drivers of leaf morphogenesis
Authors: Nakayama Hokuto , Koga Hiroyuki , Long Yuchen , Hamant Olivier , Ferjani Ali 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The above-ground organs in plants display a rich diversity, yet they grow to characteristic sizes and shapes. Organ morphogenesis progresses through a sequence of key events, which are robustly executed spatiotemporally as an emerging property of intrinsic molecular networks while adapting to various environmental cues. This Review focuses on the multiscale control of leaf morphogenesis. Beyond the list of known genetic determinants underlying leaf growth and shape, we focus instead on the emerging novel mechanisms of metabolic and biomechanical regulations that coordinate plant cell growth non-cell-autonomously. This reveals how metabolism and mechanics are not solely passive outcomes of genetic regulation but play instructive roles in leaf morphogenesis. Such an integrative view also extends to fluctuating environmental cues and evolutionary adaptation. This synthesis calls for a more balanced view on morphogenesis, where shapes are considered from the standpoints of geometry, genetics, energy and mechanics, and as emerging properties of the cellular expression of these different properties.
Global research and learning agenda for building evidence on contraceptive-induced menstrual changes for research, product development, policies, and programs
Authors: Hoppes Emily , Nwachukwu Chukwuemeka , Hennegan Julie , Blithe Diana L. , Cordova-Gomez Amanda , Critchley Hilary , Doncel Gustavo F. , Dorflinger Laneta J. , Haddad Lisa B. , Mackenzie Amelia C.L. , Maybin Jacqueline A. , Moley Kelle , Nanda Kavita , Sales Vieira Carolina , Vwalika Bellington , Kibira Simon P.S. , Mickler Alexandria , OlaOlorun Funmilola M. , Polis Chelsea B. , Sommer Marni , Williams Katie M. , Lathrop Eva , Mahajan Tanya , Rademacher Kate H. , Solomon Marsden , Wilson Katrina , Wilson Lucy C. , Rountree Lillian 
Published: April 2022

Background: Contraceptive-induced menstrual changes (CIMCs) can affect family planning (FP) users’ lives in both positive and negative ways, resulting in both opportunities and consequences. Despite this, and despite the important links between FP and menstrual health (MH), neither field adequately addresses CIMCs, including in research, product development, policies, and programs globally. Methods: In November 2020, a convening of both MH and FP experts reviewed the existing evidence on CIMCs and identified significant gaps in key areas. Results: These gaps led to the establishment of a CIMC Task Force in April 2021 and the development of the Global Research and Learning Agenda: Building Evidence on Contraceptive-Induced Menstrual Changes in Research, Product Development, Policies, and Programs Globally (the CIMC RLA), which includes four research agendas for (1) measurement, (2) contraceptive research and development (R&D) and biomedical research, (3) social-behavioral and user preferences research, and (4) programmatic research. Conclusions: Guided by the CIMC RLA, researchers, product developers, health care providers, program implementers, advocates, policymakers, and funders are urged to conduct research and implement strategies to address the beneficial and negative effects of CIMCs and support the integration of FP and MH. CIMCs need to be addressed to improve the health and well-being of women, girls, and other people who menstruate and use contraceptives globally. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are those of the authors. Publication in Gates Open Research does not imply endorsement by the Gates Foundation.
Filopoética do educar: Reflexões a partir das filosofias africano-brasileiras
Authors: Santos Luis Ferreira 
Published: April 2022

O artigo Filopoética do educar: reflexões a partir das filosofias africano-brasileiras busca problematizar a ausência ou a tentativa de combate de outras imaginações na produção da filosofia da educação brasileira. A partir dessa afirmação, se lança a seguinte questão: como a filosofia pode contribuir para o debate acerca da superação do racismo? O imaginário social brasileiro expressa-se, em sua maioria, de maneira institucional, a partir das perspectivas indo-europeias e mais recentemente estadunidenses. A filopoética, neste trabalho, tem o sentido de se reconectar com o desejo do mundo, de entrelaçar em extensão, não em profundidade, de ser com o outro, de criar caminhos. O percurso da filopoética dá-se em relacionar as filosofias africanas com a poética da relação, no intuito de disputar o imaginário, de traçar itinerários, rotas na reconexão no cenário da filosofia educação.
Predicting diarrhoea outbreaks with climate change
Authors: Abdullahi Tassallah , Nitschke Geoff , Sweijd Neville 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundClimate change is expected to exacerbate diarrhoea outbreaks across the developing world, most notably in Sub-Saharan countries such as South Africa. In South Africa, diseases related to diarrhoea outbreak is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we modelled the impacts of climate change on diarrhoea with variousmachine learning(ML) methods to predict daily outbreak of diarrhoea cases in nine South African provinces.MethodsWe applied twodeep LearningDL techniques,Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) andLong-Short term Memory Networks(LSTMs); and aSupport Vector Machine(SVM) to predict daily diarrhoea cases over the different South African provinces by incorporating climate information.Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs) was used to generate synthetic data which was used to augment the available data-set. Furthermore,Relevance Estimation and Value Calibration(REVAC) was used to tune the parameters of the ML methods to optimize the accuracy of their predictions.Sensitivity analysiswas also performed to investigate the contribution of the different climate factors to the diarrhoea prediction method.ResultsOur results showed that all three ML methods were appropriate for predicting daily diarrhoea cases with respect to the selected climate variables in each South African province. However, the level of accuracy for each method varied across different experiments, with the deep learning methods outperforming the SVM method. Among the deep learning techniques, the CNN method performed best when only real-world data-set was used, while the LSTM method outperformed the other methods when the real-world data-set was augmented with synthetic data. Across the provinces, the accuracy of all three ML methods improved by at least 30 percent when data augmentation was implemented. In addition, REVAC improved the accuracy of the CNN method by about 2.5% in each province. Our parameter sensitivity analysis revealed that the most influential climate variables to be considered when predicting outbreak of diarrhoea in South Africa wereprecipitation,humidity,evaporationandtemperatureconditions.ConclusionsOverall, experiments indicated that the prediction capacity of our DL methods (Convolutional Neural Networks) was found to be superior (with statistical significance) in terms of prediction accuracy across most provinces. This study’s results have important implications for the development of automated early warning systems for diarrhoea (and related disease) outbreaks across the globe.
Cause-specific student absenteeism monitoring in K-12 schools for detection of increased influenza activity in the surrounding community—Dane County, Wisconsin, 2014–2020
Authors: Temte Jonathan L. , Barlow Shari , Goss Maureen , Temte Emily , Schemmel Amber , Bell Cristalyne , Reisdorf Erik , Shult Peter , Wedig Mary , Haupt Thomas , Conway James H. , Gangnon Ronald , Uzicanin Amra 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundSchools are primary venues of influenza amplification with secondary spread to communities. We assessed K-12 student absenteeism monitoring as a means for early detection of influenza activity in the community.Materials and methodsBetween September 2014 and March 2020, we conducted a prospective observational study of all-cause (a-TOT), illness-associated (a-I), and influenza-like illness–associated (a-ILI) absenteeism within the Oregon School District (OSD), Dane County, Wisconsin. Absenteeism was reported through the electronic student information system. Students were visited at home where pharyngeal specimens were collected for influenza RT-PCR testing. Surveillance of medically-attended laboratory-confirmed influenza (MAI) occurred in five primary care clinics in and adjoining the OSD. Poisson general additive log linear regression models of daily counts of absenteeism and MAI were compared using correlation analysis.FindingsInfluenza was detected in 723 of 2,378 visited students, and in 1,327 of 4,903 MAI patients. Over six influenza seasons, a-ILI was significantly correlated with MAI in the community (r = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.53–0.63) with a one-day lead time and a-I was significantly correlated with MAI in the community (r = 0.49; 0.44–0.54) with a 10-day lead time, while a-TOT performed poorly (r = 0.27; 0.21–0.33), following MAI by six days.DiscussionSurveillance using cause-specific absenteeism was feasible and performed well over a study period marked by diverse presentations of seasonal influenza. Monitoring a-I and a-ILI can provide early warning of seasonal influenza in time for community mitigation efforts.
Role of insular cortex lesions in determining the pathogenetic subtype of ischemic stroke
Authors: Kulesh A. A. , Kulikova S. P. , Drobakha V. E. , Mekhryakov S. A. , Bartuli E. V. , Buzmakov A. V. , Syromyatnikova L. I. , Sobyanin K. V. , Karakulova Yu. V. 
Published: April 2022

Timely evaluation of cardioembolic stroke (CES) caused by atrial fibrillation is critical from the point of view of the possibility of prescribing effective secondary prevention with oral anticoagulants. Insular lesion is considered as a promising neuroimaging marker of CES.Objective: to analyze the role of insular cortex lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain as a potential neuroimaging marker of the pathogenetic subtype of ischemic stroke (IS).Patients and methods. 225 patients in the acute period of IS were examined. Depending on the stroke etiology, patients were divided into three groups: cryptogenic stroke (CS; n=99), CES (n=45), and non-CES (n=81). All patients underwent an MRI of the brain to analyze the insular cortex lesions. In 57 patients, foci of cerebral infarction were additionally marked manually on axial slices of diffusion-weighted MRI using the Anatomist software. The calculated MRI characteristics of foci for CES and non-CES groups were used to construct a decision tree in the WEKA 3.6 package. Echocardiographic markers of atrial cardiopathy were assessed in all patients – the left atrium (LA) emptying fraction and LA function index; in 68 patients, the concentration of serum NT-proBNP was also assessed.Results and discussion. The insula was affected in 12% of patients: most often in CES (33%), significantly less often in CS and non-CES (6 and 7.4%, respectively), without significant differences between the latter groups. The presence of insula lesion in relation to CES has a sensitivity of 33% and a specificity of 93% (p=0.002); odds ratio 6.25; 95% confidence interval 2.22–17.63. In most patients, the posterior insular cortex was involved in the pathological process. Isolated insular infarction occurred in only one patient with CES, while the involvement of the insula and adjacent zone, and the combination of insular infarction with territorial infarction, were observed more often. The group of patients with insular lesions was distinguished by the predominance of women, greater severity of stroke at admission, less deficit at discharge, larger LA diameter, lower LA emptying fraction, and functional index. CES was four times more common in the insular lesion group, while CS was two times more common in those without insular lesions. Insula involvement identifies three out of five CES patients according to the decision tree. Further analysis of the total lesion volume can locate almost all remaining patients with CES: they are characterized by the indicator >12 sm3.Conclusion. Insular lesions allow reliable differentiation of patients with CES and non-CES and can be considered a potential marker of the cardioembolic subtype of IS, which requires further investigation.
Association between redox imbalance, pterin metabolism markers, and early extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotics in schizophrenia: pilot study
Authors: Zhilyaeva T. V. , Shvachkina D. S. , Piatoikina A. S. , Zhukova E. S. , Kostina O. V. , Shcherbatyuk T. G. , Mazo G. E. 
Published: April 2022

Antipsychotics (AP) administration in schizophrenia patients is associated with several side effects (SE), in particular, with extrapyramidal (EP). Data suggests that oxidative damage to dopaminergic neurons in the EP system may be related to tardive dyskinesia and Parkinson's disease (PD) development, although data on the role of oxidative stress in the development of early EPSE of AP is lacking. Another poorly studied hypothesis of the EP-symptoms pathogenesis considers disorders of folate (pterin) metabolism.Objective: to evaluate the relationship between redox imbalance and pterin metabolism with the severity of early EPSE caused by AP used in the schizophrenia treatment.Patients and methods. The study included 50 patients with the first episode of schizophrenia. EP symptoms were evaluated using the UKU Side-Effect Rating Scale (“UKU-SERS-Clin” version). The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), aldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, ketone-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone were assessed in blood plasma; levels of BH4, folate, cobalamin (vitamin B12), and homocysteine – in blood serum; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity – in erythrocytes.Results and discussion. EPSE severity was inversely proportional inversely proportional to the GSH level and directly proportional to the SOD activity. EPSE severity was also associated with AP selectivity, but not with their dosages. However, AP selectivity was not associated with studied biochemical parameters. MDA level in patients prescribed with amantadine was lower than in other participants.Conclusion. Early AP-induced EPSE were associated with redox imbalance, which indicates the necessity for further research aiming at prevention of secondary neurodegenerative diseases in patients with schizophrenia receiving AP.
Cognitive functions and professional status in the open population of Russia/Siberia among adults aged 25–44 years
Authors: Sukhanov A. V. , Voevoda M. I. , Gromova E. A. , Denisova D. V. , Gafarov V. V. 
Published: April 2022

Objective: to establish associations of cognitive functions (CFs) and professional level in an open population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years.Patients and methods. The subject of the study was a random representative sample of one of the Novosibirsk districts population aged 25–44 years (463 men, mean age 35.94±5.957 years, and 546 women, mean age 36.17±5.997 years) in 2013–2016. CFs were screened using: A.R. Luria 10 words learning task – immediate and delayed recall after the interfering task; Bourdon Test (BT); exclusion of “the fifth extra” test; verbal fluency test (naming animals in 1 min). Education level and professional status were assessed according to the criteria of the WHO international program MONICA protocol.Results and discussion. The analysis showed that the management and engineering and technical staff (ETS) coped significantly better with cognitive tests than manual labor workers. The analysis of memory using the A.R. Luria test showed that the differences in the first recall of 10 words between manual labor workers and managers reached 0.849 words, in the mean number of correctly remembered words it reached 0.735 words, and in delayed recall – 1.096 words (p<0.05). Attention assessment using BT revealed that the number of letters crossed out in 1 min was higher among the management staff compared to the manual labor workers, reaching 4.978 characters (p<0.05). ETS scores in this test were close to the management staff scores (p<0,0001). Also, a tendency to a smaller number of mistakes made by managers and ETS compared to workers was revealed in the BT. In the analysis of semantic associations in the verbal fluency test the differences in the number of animals named per 1 min reached 3.007 animals between manual labor workers and managers. Similar differences were observed between manual labor workers and ETS (p<0.05). Abstract reasoning evaluation using the “the fifth extra” test showed that managers and ETS excluded a greater number of words that did not correspond to the logical series (i.e., they showed the best result in this test) than manual labor workers (p<0.05). ETS and management staff showed best performance in cognitive tests compared to manual labor workers of the same educational level.Conclusion. A quantitative association has been established between a low professional level, level of education and a decrease in cognitive functions among people aged 25–44 years.
Corpus Linguistics and Corpus-Based Research and Its Implication in Applied Linguistics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al-Hamzi Ali Mohammed Saleh , Gougui Ayoub , Sari Amalia Yuni , Suhardijanto Totok 
Published: April 2022

This article conveys a case-of-systematic survey of outstanding progress on corpora conducted by researchers affiliated with different common-section institutions all over the world. Such a range overview selected 20 outstanding types of research from multi research-pushing institutions all around the world. These projects employ corpus techniques and technology to treat an enormous domain of research queries that are relevant to linguistic studies, language teaching and learning, cultural studies, and discourse analysis. These varied implementations of corpus techniques and advances clearly explain the great stress and chances that corpora applied in linguistics can hand to those who have the intention to research, educate, and learn the language.
Morphophonemic Analysis on Postpositional Affixes in Kamano Language of Papua New Guinea: An Item and Process Approach
Authors: Wardah Najmatul , Subiyanto Agus 
Published: April 2022

Kamano language, as one of the language in Papua New Guinea is considered as the pidgin language. This paper aims to identify the morphophonemic phenomena occurs in Kamano language by using the Item and Process model with suffix attachment to show the postpositional markers. This study uses descriptive qualitative as the approach to analyze Kamano language. The result shows that there are six phonological processes from seven morphological rules identified from the affix attachment. Furthermore, there are six phonological rules (1) the deletion of nasal sound [n]; (2) the substitution of glottal sound [ʔ] to the lateral sound [r]; (3) the deletion of vowel sound [a]; (4) the substitution of nasal sound [n] to the nasal sound [m]; (5) the substitution of plosive sound [t] to the lateral sound [r]. the phonological processes which occur mostly in this language are assimilation of place of articulation and manner of articulation.
Area-minimizing properties of Pansu spheres in the sub-Riemannian 3-sphere
Authors: Hurtado Ana , Rosales César 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We consider the sub-Riemannian 3-sphere

(

𝕊
3

,

g
h

)

{(\mathbb{S}^{3},g_{h})}

obtained by restriction of the Riemannian metric of constant curvature 1 to the planar distribution orthogonal to the vertical Hopf vector field. It was shown in
[A. Hurtado and C. Rosales,
Area-stationary surfaces inside the sub-Riemannian three-sphere,
Math. Ann. 340 2008, 3, 675–708]
that

(

𝕊
3

,

g
h

)

{(\mathbb{S}^{3},g_{h})}

contains a family of spherical surfaces

{

𝒮
λ

}

λ
⩾
0

{\{\mathcal{S}_{\lambda}\}_{\lambda\geqslant 0}}

with constant mean curvature λ. In this work, we first prove that the two closed half-spheres of

𝒮
0

{\mathcal{S}_{0}}

with boundary

C
0

=

{
0
}

×

𝕊
1

{C_{0}=\{0\}\times\mathbb{S}^{1}}

minimize the sub-Riemannian area among compact

C
1

{C^{1}}

surfaces with the same boundary. We also see that the only

C
2

{C^{2}}

solutions to this Plateau problem are vertical translations of such half-spheres. Second, we establish that the closed 3-ball enclosed by a sphere

𝒮
λ

{\mathcal{S}_{\lambda}}

with

λ
>
0

{\lambda>0}

uniquely solves the isoperimetric problem in

(

𝕊
3

,

g
h

)

{(\mathbb{S}^{3},g_{h})}

for

C
1

{C^{1}}

sets inside a vertical solid tube and containing a horizontal section of the tube. The proofs mainly rely on calibration arguments.