bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Montmorillonite/Polymer Coatings
Authors: Zhou Shu Qing , Niu Yu Qin , Liu Jia Hui , Chen Xi Xi , Li Chun Sheng , Gates Will P. , Zhou Chun Hui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFunctional montmorillonite can be dispersed in polymer coatings and organic species and polymers can be intercalated into the interlayer space or grafted onto the surface of the functional montmorillonite. The addition of functional montmorillonite into polymer-based coatings can significantly improve anti-corrosion, refractory, super-hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity, and absorption of solar radiation by the resulting montmorillonite/polymer coatings. Montmorillonite can be functionalized for this purpose by ion exchange, intercalation, exfoliation, or combinations of these treatments. The rigid montmorillonite layers interspersed within the polymer matrix inhibit the penetration of corrosive substances, minimize the impact of high-temperature airflow, and thereby lead to strong resistance of the coating to corrosion and fire. The combination of polymers and dispersed montmorillonite nanolayers, which are modified by metal ions, metal oxides, and hydrophobic organic species, allows the resulting composite coating to have quite a rough surface and a much smaller surface free energy so that the montmorillonite/polymer coating possesses superhydrophobicity. The interlayer space of functional montmorillonite can also host or encapsulate antibacterial substances, phase-change materials, and solar energy-absorbing materials. Moreover, it can act as a template to make these guest species exist in a more stable and ordered state. Literature surveys suggest that future work on the functional montmorillonite/polymer coatings should be targeted at the manufacture of functional montmorillonite nanolayers by finding more suitable modifiers and tuning the dispersion and funtionalities of montmorillonite in the coatings.
Spatial political economy: the case of metropolitan industrial policy
Authors: Obeng-Odoom Franklin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndustrial policy has become the focus of much more interest in recent times. Of particular note is mainstream economists’ fascination and their peculiar claims about how and why this new industrial policy promotes growth, redistribution, and sustainability. Such contentions warrant scrutiny. Using metropolitan data, plans, and laws, along with regional and national data from census and survey reports, this paper addresses three questions related to growth, inequality, and sustainability. On the basis of the evidence, collected and interpreted from the lens of original institutional economics, it is argued that industrial policy has been too strictly tied to (urban) economic growth which has not, contrary to expectations, led to ecologically sensitive and inclusive (urban) economic development. Instead, growth policies have cumulatively generated rising urban inequalities and ecological problems in cities and regions. This lack of congruence between the case for, and outcomes from, the pursuit of a particular type of industrial policy can be partly explained by the presence of absentee land ownership. Its entanglements with rent theft, profit seeking, and problematic engagement with persistent inequalities and unsustainability complement the explanation. A different industrial policy could seek to recoup socially-created, but privately appropriated, unearned income, reinvest this resulting revenue in ways that directly build state capacity, address persistent urban inequalities, attend to ecological challenges, and seek to create industries that avoid the problems of ‘progress and poverty’.
Power and Philanthropy: The Imperial Dimensions of Parsi Amelioration of the Iranian Zoroastrians
Authors: Patel Dinyar Phiroze 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article brings a new perspective to Parsi philanthropy in late Qajar Iran by exploring its British imperial dimensions. It examines how Parsis leveraged British diplomatic heft in their amelioration of Iranian Zoroastrians and how imperial connections helped Parsis translate charity into political and economic power. This was a mutually beneficial process: British diplomats identified strategic value in Parsi philanthropy for Iranian Zoroastrians. It was particularly useful in Great Game rivalries against Russia, as Britain attempted to cultivate Iranian Zoroastrians to shore up its influence in southern Iran. Interactions between Parsis, Iranian Zoroastrians, and British diplomats neatly illustrate the extraordinary influence which small minorities could wield in imperial politics.
PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY AND POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY IN THE UK CONSTITUTION
Authors: Goldsworthy Jeffrey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRivka Weill claims that in the nineteenth century the foundation of the UK constitution changed from parliamentary sovereignty to popular sovereignty, originally as a matter of constitutional convention but today as a matter of law. I argue, to the contrary, that parliamentary sovereignty as a legal principle and popular sovereignty as a political principle are perfectly compatible. Constitutional conventions are essentially political not legal requirements. Therefore, a constitutional convention requiring popular approval of constitutional change, if it ever existed, would not have violated parliamentary sovereignty. But if it did exist, it was displaced by the Parliament Act 1911 and has not been revived since. Moreover, there is no evidence that courts today have legal authority to enforce any requirement, conventional or legal, requiring such approval.
Experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni isolated from the wild rodent Holochilus sciureus shows a low parasite burden but induces high schistosomiasis severity in BALB/c mice
Authors: Miranda Guilherme Silva , Rodrigues João Gustavo Mendes , de Rezende Michelle Carvalho , Resende Samira Diniz , Camelo Genil Mororó Araújo , de Oliveira Silva Jeferson Kelvin Alves , Maggi Laura , Rodrigues Vanessa Fernandes , de Oliveira Vinícius Gustavo , Negrão-Corrêa Deborah Aparecida 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWild mammals, especially rodents, can participate in the life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni; however, the impact of these parasite strains on the severity of schistosomiasis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the parasitological and immunopathological alterations induced by an S. mansoni strain isolated from the wild rodent Holochilus sciureus (HS strain) and a parasite strain isolated from a human (LE strain) in experimentally infected mice. Male BALB/c mice were subcutaneously infected with 50 cercariae/mouse of either the HS or the LE strain and were evaluated for 12 weeks. In the experimental groups, the parasite burden was estimated by worm and egg (feces and tissues) count, and immunopathological alterations were evaluated in the liver and intestines. Compared to experimental infection with the LE parasite strain, HS-infected mice showed reduced number of parasite worms but higher fecundity rate, significant reduction in IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 concentrations, lower EPO-activity in liver homogenate and higher concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-17 in the small intestine homogenate. Moreover, HS infection resulted in higher concentrations of NO end-products in both the liver and intestine, suggesting a predominance of the Th1/Th17 immune response. HS-infected mice also showed higher plasma transaminase levels, formed larger granulomas, and had a higher mortality rate in comparison with LE-infected mice. Data indicate that BALB/c mice infected with the HS strain of S. mansoni showed reduced susceptibility to the parasite but stronger tissue inflammation and high disease severity.
A qualitative study exploring family caregivers’ support needs in the context of medical assistance in dying
Authors: Smolej E. , Malozewski M. , McKendry S. , Diab K. , Daubert C. , Farnum A. , Orianna Scali , Reel K. , Cameron Jill I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesFamily members are often involved in the provision of care to a relative at some point in their life. Their role becomes inherently complex when their care recipient is interested in seeking medical assistance in dying (MAID). As assisted death for “grievous and irremediable conditions” was legalized in Canada in 2016, the perspectives of family caregivers have received little attention. To best support caregivers to individuals seeking assisted dying, healthcare practitioners must first understand the perspectives of family caregivers in this context. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences and support needs of family caregivers who are or who have provided care to individuals who are seeking or have sought MAID.MethodsThis study employed a qualitative descriptive design. Family caregivers supporting individuals living with grievous and irremediable conditions were recruited through social media outlets and support organizations. Data were collected through semi-structured telephone interviews and online surveys. Data were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe study included 11 participants, comprising spouses, parents, and adult children. The research identified three prevalent themes: the caregiver experience including roles and responsibilities and the impact of their role; the MAID experience including the process and their thoughts and feelings about MAID; and caregiver insight into supports and services viewed as valuable or needed for the MAID process.Significance of resultsStudy findings may assist in the provision and development of best practice resources and guidelines to support healthcare professionals involved in the delivery of MAID. Specifically, caregivers need to be supported in the context of their caregiving responsibilities to minimize the impact on their own lives and optimize their MAID experience.
Peace Came in the Sign of the Cross: Ritualized Diplomacy Among Natives and Spaniards in the Sonora-Arizona Borderlands, 1694–1836
Authors: Moreno Vega José Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the meanings and uses of crosses in the interactions among diverse indigenous groups and colonizers in the Sonoran frontier of northern New Spain during the eighteenth century and beyond. By showing that colonial expansion was a process that included persuasion within a context of violence, it highlights diplomacy through exchanges facilitated by cultural parallels and hybridity between Christian and precontact Amerindian symbols and rituals. This approach illustrates that the sign of the cross became a widespread mechanism for initiating peaceful interactions. The emphasis on the hybrid use of crosses provides insight into the fluid interactions among Natives and colonizers through the adoption of this symbol and the role these Native groups had in implanting colonial culture in their societies. Ultimately, it shows the indigenous peoples’ reactions and strategies under colonial presence.
BOD1 regulates the cerebellar IV/V lobe-fastigial nucleus circuit associated with motor coordination
Authors: Liu Xiu-Xiu , Chen Xing-Hui , Zheng Zhi-Wei , Jiang Qin , Li Chen , Yang Lin , Chen Xiang , Mao Xing-Feng , Yuan Hao-Yang , Feng Li-Li , Jiang Quan , Shi Wei-Xing , Sasaki Takuya , Fukunaga Kohji , Chen Zhong , Han Feng , Lu Ying-Mei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCerebellar ataxias are characterized by a progressive decline in motor coordination, but the specific output circuits and underlying pathological mechanism remain poorly understood. Through cell-type-specific manipulations, we discovered a novel GABAergic Purkinje cell (PC) circuit in the cerebellar IV/V lobe that projected to CaMKIIα+ neurons in the fastigial nucleus (FN), which regulated sensorimotor coordination. Furthermore, transcriptomics profiling analysis revealed various cerebellar neuronal identities, and we validated that biorientation defective 1 (BOD1) played an important role in the circuit of IV/V lobe to FN. BOD1 deficit in PCs of IV/V lobe attenuated the excitability and spine density of PCs, accompany with ataxia behaviors. Instead, BOD1 enrichment in PCs of IV/V lobe reversed the hyperexcitability of CaMKIIα+ neurons in the FN and ameliorated ataxia behaviors in L7-Cre; BOD1f/f mice. Together, these findings further suggest that specific regulation of the cerebellar IV/V lobePCs → FNCaMKIIα+ circuit might provide neuromodulatory targets for the treatment of ataxia behaviors.
Neuron-to-vessel signaling is a required feature of aberrant stem cell commitment after soft tissue trauma
Authors: Qin Qizhi , Gomez-Salazar Mario , Cherief Masnsen , Pagani Chase A. , Lee Seungyong , Hwang Charles , Tower Robert J. , Onggo Sharon , Sun Yuxiao , Piplani Abhinav , Li Zhao , Ramesh Sowmya , Clemens Thomas L. , Levi Benjamin , James Aaron W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe functional interdependence of nerves and blood vessels is a well-established concept during tissue morphogenesis, yet the role of neurovascular coupling in proper and aberrant tissue repair is an emerging field of interest. Here, we sought to define the regulatory relationship of peripheral nerves on vasculature in a severe extremity trauma model in mice, which results in aberrant cell fate and heterotopic ossification (HO). First, a high spatial degree of neurovascular congruency was observed to exist within extremity injury associated heterotopic ossification. Vascular and perivascular cells demonstrate characteristic responses to injury, as assessed by single cell RNA sequencing. This vascular response to injury was blunted in neurectomized mice, including a decrease in endothelial proliferation and type H vessel formation, and a downregulation of key transcriptional networks associated with angiogenesis. Independent mechanisms to chemically or genetically inhibit axonal ingrowth led to similar deficits in HO site angiogenesis, a reduction in type H vessels, and heterotopic bone formation. Finally, a combination of single cell transcriptomic approaches within the dorsal root ganglia identified key neural-derived angiogenic paracrine factors that may mediate neuron-to-vascular signaling in HO. These data provide further understanding of nerve-to-vessel crosstalk in traumatized soft tissues, which may reflect a key determinant of mesenchymal progenitor cell fate after injury.
Quantum critical Eliashberg theory, the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev superconductor and their holographic duals
Authors: Inkof Gian-Andrea , Schalm Koenraad , Schmalian Jörg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSuperconductivity is abundant near quantum critical points, where fluctuations suppress the formation of Fermi liquid quasiparticles and the BCS theory no longer applies. Two very distinct approaches have been developed to address this issue: quantum-critical Eliashberg theory and holographic superconductivity. The former includes a strongly retarded pairing interaction of ill-defined fermions, the latter is rooted in the duality of quantum field theory and gravity theory. We demonstrate that both are different perspectives of the same theory. We derive holographic superconductivity in form of a gravity theory with emergent space-time from a quantum many-body Hamiltonian—the Yukawa Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model—where the Eliashberg formalism is exact. Exploiting the power of holography, we then determine the dynamic pairing susceptibility of the model. Our holographic map comes with the potential to use quantum gravity corrections to go beyond the Eliashberg regime.
Genome-wide protein–DNA interaction site mapping in bacteria using a double-stranded DNA-specific cytosine deaminase
Authors: Gallagher Larry A. , Velazquez Elena , Peterson S. Brook , Charity James C. , Radey Matthew C. , Gebhardt Michael J. , Hsu FoSheng , Shull Lauren M. , Cutler Kevin J. , Macareno Keven , de Moraes Marcos H. , Penewit Kelsi M. , Kim Jennifer , Andrade Pia A. , LaFramboise Thomas , Salipante Stephen J. , Reniere Michelle L. , de Lorenzo Victor , Wiggins Paul A. , Dove Simon L. , Mougous Joseph D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDNA–protein interactions are central to fundamental cellular processes, yet widely implemented technologies for measuring these interactions on a genome scale in bacteria are laborious and capture only a snapshot of binding events. We devised a facile method for mapping DNA–protein interaction sites in vivo using the double-stranded DNA-specific cytosine deaminase toxin DddA. In 3D-seq (DddA-sequencing), strains containing DddA fused to a DNA-binding protein of interest accumulate characteristic mutations in DNA sequence adjacent to sites occupied by the DNA-bound fusion protein. High-depth sequencing enables detection of sites of increased mutation frequency in these strains, yielding genome-wide maps of DNA–protein interaction sites. We validated 3D-seq for four transcription regulators in two bacterial species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. We show that 3D-seq offers ease of implementation, the ability to record binding event signatures over time and the capacity for single-cell resolution.
Recovery of metagenome-assembled genomes from the phyllosphere of 110 rice genotypes
Authors: Su Pin , Wicaksono Wisnu Adi , Li Chenggang , Michl Kristina , Berg Gabriele , Wang Dan , Xiao Youlun , Huang Renyan , Kang Houxiang , Zhang Deyong , Cernava Tomislav , Liu Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe plant microbiota plays crucial roles in sustaining plant health and productivity. Advancing plant microbiome research and designing sustainable practices for agriculture requires in-depth assessments of microorganisms associated with different host plants; however, there is little information on functional aspects of many microorganisms of interest. Therefore, we enriched microorganisms from the phyllosphere of 110 rice genotypes and subjected them to shotgun metagenomic sequencing to reconstruct bacterial genomes from the obtained datasets. The approach yielded a total of 1.34 terabases of shotgun-sequenced metagenomic data. By separately recovering bacterial genomes from each of the 110 rice genotypes, we recovered 569 non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with a completeness higher than 50% and contaminations less than 10%. The MAGs were primarily assigned toAlphaproteobacteria,Gammaproteobacteria, andBacteroidia. The presented data provides an extended basis for microbiome analyses of plant-associated microorganisms. It is complemented by detailed metadata to facilitate implementations in ecological studies, biotechnological mining approaches, and comparative assessments with genomes or MAGs from other studies.
Tracing geochemical sources and health risk assessment of uranium in groundwater of arid zone of India
Authors: Pandit P. , Saini Atul , Chidambaram Sabarathinam , Kumar Vinod , Panda Banjarani , Ramanathan A. L. , Sahu Netrananda , Singh A. K. , Mehra Rohit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWater quality degradation and metal contamination in groundwater are serious concerns in an arid region with scanty water resources. This study aimed at evaluating the source of uranium (U) and potential health risk assessment in groundwater of the arid region of western Rajasthan and northern Gujarat. The probable source of vanadium (V) and fluorine (F) was also identified. U and trace metal concentration, along with physicochemical characteristics were determined for 265 groundwater samples collected from groundwater of duricrusts and palaeochannels of western Rajasthan and northern Gujarat. The U concentration ranged between 0.6 and 260 μg L−1 with a mean value of 24 μg L−1, and 30% of samples surpassed the World Health Organization’s limit for U (30 μg L−1). Speciation results suggested that dissolution of primary U mineral, carnotite [K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O] governs the enrichment. Water–rock interaction and evaporation are found the major hydrogeochemical processes controlling U mineralization. Groundwater zones having high U concentrations are characterized by Na–Cl hydrogeochemical facies and high total dissolved solids. It is inferred from geochemical modelling and principal component analysis that silicate weathering, bicarbonate complexation, carnotite dissolution, and ion exchange are principal factors controlling major solute ion chemistry. The annual ingestion doses of U for all the age groups are found to be safe and below the permissible limit in all samples. The health risk assessment with trace elements manifested high carcinogenic risks for children.
Rapid imaging of lung cancer using a red fluorescent probe to detect dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase activities
Authors: Kawashima Shun , Yoshida Daisuke , Yoshioka Takafusa , Ogasawara Akira , Fujita Kyohhei , Yanagiya Masahiro , Nagano Masaaki , Konoeda Chihiro , Hino Haruaki , Kitano Kentaro , Sato Masaaki , Hino Rumi , Kojima Ryosuke , Komatsu Toru , Kamiya Mako , Urano Yasuteru , Nakajima Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRapid identification of lung-cancer micro-lesions is becoming increasingly important to improve the outcome of surgery by accurately defining the tumor/normal tissue margins and detecting tiny tumors, especially for patients with low lung function and early-stage cancer. The purpose of this study is to select and validate the best red fluorescent probe for rapid diagnosis of lung cancer by screening a library of 400 red fluorescent probes based on 2-methyl silicon rhodamine (2MeSiR) as the fluorescent scaffold, as well as to identify the target enzymes that activate the selected probe, and to confirm their expression in cancer cells. The selected probe, glutamine-alanine-2-methyl silicon rhodamine (QA-2MeSiR), showed 96.3% sensitivity and 85.2% specificity for visualization of lung cancer in surgically resected specimens within 10 min. In order to further reduce the background fluorescence while retaining the same side-chain structure, we modified QA-2MeSiR to obtain glutamine-alanine-2-methoxy silicon rhodamine (QA-2OMeSiR). This probe rapidly visualized even borderline lesions. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase were identified as enzymes mediating the cleavage and consequent fluorescence activation of QA-2OMeSiR, and it was confirmed that both enzymes are expressed in lung cancer. QA-2OMeSiR is a promising candidate for clinical application.
Characterization of chemical and carbon isotopic compositions of gases during thermochemical sulfate reduction and implications for gas origin and content
Authors: Guo Huijuan , Liu Min , Wang Yunpeng , Wang Qiang , Liu Jinzhong , Peng Ping’an 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor identifying the occurrence and extent of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reaction of natural gas and better understanding the chemical and carbon isotopic variations in natural gas reservoirs, high-pressure hydro-pyrolysis with a special designed apparatus was performed using natural gas and various amounts of MgSO4·7H2O at up to 360 °C. The yields, chemical and isotopic compositions of the gases produced during TSR and thermal cracking were measured. As the extent of TSR reaction increased, the concentrations of CH4, CO2 and H2S increased in a nonlinear way, while those of C2H6 and C3H8 decreased. According to the variation of gas content, the TSR reaction of alkane gases can be divided into an uncatalyzed and a catalyzed stage, which is different from previous studies that treated the TSR reaction of alkane gases as a non-autocatalytic reduction process. As the concentration of MgSO4·7H2O increased, the rate of TSR reaction with hydrocarbon gases increased. The concentrations of HSO4− and volume of aqueous phase could be responsible for the different TSR reaction rates in the catalyzed stage. The co-variation of ln(C1/C2) and ln(C2/C3) could be related to the TSR reaction of alkane gases. Our study provides clues for understanding the compositional variations in natural conditions.