bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Surgical Rejuvenation on Visual Processing and Character Attribution of Periorbital Aging
Authors: Boonipat Thanapoom , Abu-Ghname Amjed , Lin Jason , Garcia-Gonzalo Esperanza , Bite Uldis , Stotland Mitchell A. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The perceptual response to aging changes in the periorbital region and the effects of surgical rejuvenation on that response have not been elucidated. The authors examined the reflexive visual response to periorbital aging before and after brow lift and upper blepharoplasty surgery and investigated how observers’ character attributions of the images were affected by the rejuvenative intervention.

Methods:
Preoperative and postoperative photographs were obtained of patients with brow ptosis and dermatochalasis who underwent brow lift and blepharoplasty. Forty observers examined each image while an infrared eye-tracking camera continuously recorded their eye movements. The observers rated the images with respect to character attributes (attractiveness, trustworthiness, sociability, healthiness, and capability) on a scale of one to seven.

Results:
Fourteen patients who underwent brow lift and blepharoplasty were identified and studied. The surgical intervention was found to increase observers’ attention to the eye and brow region, while decreasing relative attention to the forehead and lower eyelid areas; increase the two-dimensional surface area of the forehead and eye and brow zones in a manner directly associated with the measured changes in visual attention; and significantly increase the ratings for all five positively valanced character attributes compared with preoperative controls.

Conclusions:
The authors provide an important combination of explicit and implicit data illustrating how surgical rejuvenation unveils the periorbital region to the observer. This change in pattern of inspection was associated with an improvement in the perception of character.
Defining the Relationship Between Pocket and Breast Implant Surface Area as the Basis for a New Classification System for Capsular Contracture
Authors: Hammond Dennis C. , Michigan Rapids , Chaudhry Arif 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The precise etiology and treatment for capsular contracture remains uncertain at least partially due to the fact that there is no reliable quantitative measurement tool. To address this, it is postulated that the surface area of an implant as defined by the surrounding pocket may provide a quantifiable variable that can be measured to evaluate the degree of capsular contracture.

Methods:
A bench model for capsular contracture was developed. The surface area of a series of spherical test objects and non-contracted and contracted breast implants was measured using a wax coating technique as well as three-dimensional reconstructions created from CT scan images.

Results:
Comparison of the mathematically calculated surface areas to the wax and CT results for spheres of known dimension provided nearly identical values documenting the accuracy of the two experimental methods. Comparison of the surface area measurements between the test groups showed that the average decrease in surface area for all implants was 20%, ranging from a high of 30.9% for a low profile implant to a low of 14.1 % for a high profile implant. The anatomically shaped devices demonstrated nearly uniform degrees of surface area change over three different heights with volume and projection held relatively constant.

Conclusions:
The described bench model provides a useful tool for the study of capsular contracture. Surface area is a descriptive variable that can assess the degree of capsular contracture that is present. A classification system based on surface area is presented.
Biopsy of the Parietal Branch of the Superficial Temporal Artery for the Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Elahi Ebby , Afshin Evan E. , Zoltan Susan , Hu Karen Y. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Biopsy of the superficial temporal artery (STA) is central to the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA), but determining the ideal biopsy site along the course of the STA continues to be a challenge. Traditionally, the frontal branch or preauricular region of the STA is biopsied because of their accessibility, but biopsy at these locations can produce visible cosmetic defects and social disruption that can be distressing to patients, as well as increase the likelihood of adverse events such as injury to the facial nerve. The authors describe a surgical technique of biopsy of the parietal branch of the STA to improve the patient's perioperative and postoperative experience.

Methods:
In this retrospective review, 24 patients with clinical suspicion of GCA who underwent biopsy of the parietal branch of the STA were identified. Patients underwent mapping of the branches of the STA with Doppler ultrasound before the procedure. Biopsy of the parietal branch of the STA was conducted using a CO2 laser.

Results:
Twenty-four patients underwent biopsy of the parietal branch of the STA. Two patients were diagnosed on histopathology with GCA. All patients tolerated the procedure well and without complications.

Conclusion:
Application of preoperative Doppler ultrasound mapping, use of a CO2 laser for incisions and hemostasis, and selection of the parietal branch allowed for improved cosmetic outcomes, no associated adverse events, and improved overall patient experience. The authors advocate biopsy of the parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery for the diagnosis of GCA in the absence of contraindications.
Multi-Platform Proteomic Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Reveals Network Biomarkers Associated with Proteostasis and the Matrisome
Authors: Dammer Eric B. , Ping Lingyan , Duong Duc M. , Modeste Erica S. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Lah James J. , Levey Allan I. , Johnson Erik C.B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRobust and accessible biomarkers that can capture the heterogeneity of Alzheimer’s disease and its diverse pathological processes are urgently needed. Here, we undertook an investigation of Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from the same subjects using three different proteomic platforms—SomaLogic SomaScan, Olink proximity extension assay, and tandem mass tag-based mass spectrometry—to assess which protein markers in these two biofluids may serve as reliable biomarkers of AD pathophysiology observed from unbiased brain proteomics studies. Median correlation of overlapping protein measurements across platforms in CSF (r∼0.7) and plasma (r∼0.6) was good, with more variability in plasma. The SomaScan technology provided the most measurements in plasma. Surprisingly, many proteins altered in AD CSF were found to be altered in the opposite direction in plasma, including important members of AD brain co-expression modules. An exception was SMOC1, a key member of the brain matrisome module associated with amyloid-β deposition in AD, which was found to be elevated in both CSF and plasma. Protein co-expression analysis on greater than 7000 protein measurements in CSF and 9500 protein measurements in plasma across all proteomic platforms revealed strong changes in modules related to autophagy, ubiquitination, and sugar metabolism in CSF, and endocytosis and the matrisome in plasma. Cross-platform and cross-biofluid proteomics represents a promising approach for AD biomarker development.
Prediction of representative phenotypes using Multi-Attribute Subset Selection
Authors: Herbst Konrad , Wang Taiyao , Forchielli Elena J. , Thommes Meghan , Paschalidis Ioannis Ch. , Segrè Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe interpretation of complex biological datasets requires the identification of representative variables that describe the data without critical information loss. This is particularly important in the analysis of large phenotypic datasets (“phenomics”). We introduce Multi-Attribute Subset Selection (MASS), an algorithm which separates a matrix of phenotypes (e.g., yield across microbial species and environmental conditions) into predictor and response sets of conditions. Using mixed integer linear programming, MASS expresses the response conditions as a linear combination of the predictor conditions, while simultaneously searching for the optimally descriptive set of predictors. We applied the algorithm to three microbial datasets and identified environmental conditions that predict phenotypes under other conditions, providing biologically interpretable axes for strain discrimination. MASS could be used to reduce the number of experiments needed to identify species or to map their metabolic capabilities. The generality of the algorithm allows addressing subset selection problems in areas beyond biology.
A new cortical parcellation based on systematic review of primate anatomical tracing studies on corticostriatal projections
Authors: Dinh Tovy , Nerland Stener , Maximov Ivan I. , Barth Claudia , Vernon Anthony C. , Agartz Ingrid , Jørgensen Kjetil Nordbø 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCorticostriatal projections form the input level of a circuitry that connects the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Three distinct, functional subcircuits exist according to the tripartite model: Sensorimotor cortices projecting mainly to the dorsolateral striatum; associative cortices projecting to the dorsomedial striatum and limbic cortices projecting to the ventral striatum. However, there is to date no atlas that allows researchers to label cortical projection areas belonging to each of these subcircuits separately.To address this research gap, the aim of this study was threefold: First, to systematically review anatomical tracing studies that focused on corticostriatal projections in non-human primates, and to classify their findings according to the tripartite model. Second, to develop an atlas of the human cerebral cortex based on this classification. Third, to test the hypothesis that labels in this atlas show structural connectivity with specific striatal subregions in humans using diffusion-based tractography in a sample of 24 healthy participants.In total, 98 studies met the inclusion criteria for our systematic review. Information about projections from the cortex to the striatum was systematically extracted by Brodmann area, and cortical areas were classified by their dominant efferent projections. Taking known homological and functional similarities and differences between non-human primate and human cortical regions into account, a new human corticostriatal projection (CSP) atlas was developed. Using human diffusion-based tractography analyses, we found that the limbic and sensorimotor atlas labels showed preferential structural connectivity with the ventral and dorsolateral striatum, respectively. However, the pattern of structural connectivity for the associative label showed the greatest degree of overlap with other labels.We provide this new atlas as a freely available tool for neuroimaging studies, where it allows for the first-time delineation of anatomically informed regions-of-interest to study functional subcircuits within the corticostriatal circuitry. This tool will enable specific investigations of subcircuits involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric illness such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.Highlights-Systematic review of anatomical projections from the cerebral cortex to the striatum in non-human primates.-Development of a novel cortical atlas for use in neuroimaging studies focusing on the corticostriatal brain circuitry.-Tractography in human diffusion-weighted imaging data to test if associative, limbic, and sensorimotor cortical atlas labels show preferential connectivity to regions within the striatum.
Covariations of cerebral blood volume and single neurons discharge during resting state and behavioral visual cognitive tasks in non-human primates
Authors: Claron Julien , Provansal Matthieu , Salardaine Quentin , Tissier Pierre , Dizeux Alexandre , Deffieux Thomas , Picaud Serge , Tanter Mickael , Arcizet Fabrice , Pouget Pierre 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTTo better understand how the brain allows primates to perform various set of tasks, the ability to simultaneously record the activity of the brain at multiple temporal and spatial scales is challenging but necessary. In non-human primates, combined fMRI and electrophysiological recordings have not disentangle the contributions of spiking activity to the neurovascular response. Here, we combined functional ultrasound imaging (fUS) of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and recording of single-unit activities (SUA) in visual and fronto-medial cortices of behaving macaques. We computed task-induced and SUA-induced CBV activation maps. We demonstrate that SUA provides a significant estimate of the neurovascular response below the typical fMRI voxel spatial resolution of 2mm3. Furthermore, our results also show that single unit and CBV activities are statistically uncorrelated during the resting states but correlate during behaving tasks. Conversely, during the resting states, CBV activities across known connected brain areas are correlated but decorrelate at the onset of the tasks as expected if participating in the default mode network (DMN). These results have important implications for interpreting functional imaging findings collected with fMRI or fUS while one constructs inferences of spiking activities during resting-state or while primates perform tasks.
Social isolation produces a brain-region specific expansion of microglia structure and reorganization of neural activity
Authors: Vu Alex P. , Lam David , Denney Cayla , Lee Kelly V. , Plemel Jason R. , Jackson Jesse 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSocial isolation is a profound form of psychological stress that impacts the mental health of a large proportion of society. Other experimental models of stress and injury have demonstrated microglia activation and alterations in neural activity. Microglia and neural activity undergo coordinated changes under physiological and pathological states. However, the effect of social isolation on microglia and neural activity has not been thoroughly investigated. Here we show that the dorsal medial hypothalamus and hippocampal CA2 region of male mice undergo an increased microglia volume and branching following social isolation, whereas females exhibit this increase in the hypothalamus only. The prefrontal cortex, central amygdala, nucleus accumbens shell, and visual cortex did not exhibit changes in microglia structure in either male or female mice. The home cage resting level of neural activity, as measured by the immediate early gene c-fos, was reduced in CA2 and the prefrontal cortex of female but not male mice following isolation. However, the co-variation in neural activity across brain regions was abolished in male but not female isolated mice. These data show that different brain regions undergo independent and dissociable changes in microglia structure and network activity following social isolation which may account for changes in cognition and behavior associated with this form of psychological stress.
Surface Acoustic Wave Integrated Microfluidics for Repetitive and Reversible Temporary Immobilization of C. elegans
Authors: Sridhar Nakul , Fajrial Apresio Kefin , Doser Rachel , Hoerndli Frederic , Ding Xiaoyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans is an important genetic model for neuroscience studies due to its unique combination of genetics, transparency, complete synaptic connectome, and well-characterized behaviors. These factors, in turn, enable analyses of how genes control connectivity, neuronal function, and behavior. To date, however, most studies of neuronal function in C. elegans are incapable of performing microscopy imaging with subcellular resolution and behavior analysis in the same set of animals. This constraint stems from the immobilization requirement for high-resolution imaging that is incompatible with behavioral analysis. In particular, conventional immobilization methods often lead to either irreversible, partial, or slowly reversible immobilization of animals preventing a multiplexed approach. Here, we present a novel microfluidic device that uses surface acoustic waves (SAW) as a non-contact method to temporarily immobilize worms for a short period (40 seconds). This device allows non-invasive analysis of swimming behavior and high-resolution synaptic imaging in the same animal. In addition, because of the low impact of this SAW approach, the device enables fast, repeated imaging of single neurons and behavior in the same animals for three to four days. We anticipate that this device will enable longitudinal analysis of animal motility and subcellular morphological changes during development and ageing in C. elegans.
DeepAction: A MATLAB toolbox for automated classification of animal behavior in video
Authors: Harris Carl , Finn Kelly R. , Tse Peter U. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe identification of behavior in video is a critical but time-consuming component in many areas of animal behavior research. Here, we introduce DeepAction, a deep learning-based toolbox for automatically annotating animal behavior in video. Our approach uses features extracted from raw video frames by a pretrained convolutional neural network to train a recurrent neural network classifier. We evaluate the classifier on two benchmark rodent datasets and show that it achieves high accuracy, requires little training data, and surpasses both human agreement and similar existing methods. We also create a confidence score for classifier output, and show our method provides an accurate estimate of classifier performance and reduces the time required by human annotators to review and correct automatically-produced annotations. We release our system and accompanying annotation interface as an adaptable, non-technical, and open-source MATLAB toolbox.
A novel MRI-based three-dimensional model of stomach volume, surface area and geometry in response to gastric filling and emptying
Authors: Bertoli D , Mark EB , Liao D , Brock C , Frøkjær JB , Drewes AM 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundGastric motility and accommodation have a critical role in maintaining normal gastrointestinal homeostasis. Different modalities can be adopted to quantify those processes, i.e., scintigraphy to measure emptying time and intragastric Barostat for accommodation assessment. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can assess the same parameters non-invasively without ionizing radiation. Our study aimed to develop a detailed three-dimensional (3D) MRI model of the stomach to describe gastric volumes, surface areas, wall tension distribution, and inter-observer agreement.MethodsTwelve healthy volunteers underwent an MRI protocol of six axial T2-weighted acquisitions. Each dataset was used to construct a 3D model of the stomach: Firstly, the volumes of the whole stomach, gastric liquid, and air were segmented. After landmark placing, a raw 3D model was generated from segmentation data. Subsequently, irregularities were removed, and the model was divided into compartments. Finally, surface area and 3D geometry parameters (inverse curvatures) were extracted. The inverse curvatures were used to as a proxy for wall tension distribution without measuring the intragastric pressure.Key ResultsThe model was able to describe changes in volume and surface geometry for each compartment with a distinct pattern in response to filling and emptying. The surface tension was distributed non-homogeneously between compartments and showed dynamical changes at various time points.Conclusion & InferencesThe presented model offers a detailed tool for evaluating gastric volumes, surface geometry, and wall tension in response to filling and emptying and will provide insights into gastric emptying and accommodation in diseases such as diabetic gastroparesis.KEY POINTS-While MRI and ultrasound are getting progressively accepted as methods for evaluating gastric emptying and accommodation, they still do not provide essential insights into those processes.-This study presents a three-dimensional stomach model able to report volume and surface data, and to describe the distribution of the gastric wall tension of gastric compartments by applying the Young-Laplace law.-We observed that volumes and surface geometry showed distinct emptying patterns in each compartment and that the wall geometry distributed non-homogeneously in the stomach, showing different dynamical changes during the emptying phase. Our observations indicate the fundus as essential in the first phase of digestion, confirming its role as reservoir.-The non-invasive model has the potential to give detailed information about the gastric volumes and surface geometry in response to filling and emptying, with the potential to understand the pathophysiology and improve treatment in patients with gastroparesis.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The unfolded protein response transcription factor XBP1s ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease by improving synaptic function and proteostasis
Authors: Duran-Aniotz Claudia , Rivera-Krstulovic Catalina , Poblete Natalia , Ardiles Álvaro O. , Li Díaz Mei , Sabusap Carleen Mae P. , Gerakis Yannis , Miranda Felipe Cabral , Diaz Javier , Fuentealba Matias , Muñoz Ernesto , Espinoza Sandra , Martinez Gabriela , Quiroz Gabriel , Tamburini Giovanni , Medinas Danilo B. , Contreras Darwin , Piña Ricardo , Lourenco Mychael V. , Ribeiro Felipe C. , Ferreira Sergio T. , Rozas Carlos , Morales Bernardo , Plate Lars , Gonzalez-Billault Christian , Palacios Adrian G. , Hetz Claudio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlteration in the buffering capacity of the proteostasis network is an emerging feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), highlighting the occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the main adaptive pathway to cope with protein folding stress at the ER. Inositol requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) is an ER-located kinase and endoribonuclease that operates as a central ER stress sensor, enabling the establishment of adaptive and repair programs through the control of the expression of the transcription factor X-Box binding protein 1 (XBP1). A polymorphism in the XBP1 promoter has been suggested as a risk factor for AD. To artificially enforce the adaptive capacity of the UPR in the AD brain, we developed strategies to express the active form of XBP1 in neurons using preclinical models. Overexpression of an active form of XBP1 in the nervous system using transgenic mice significantly reduced the load of amyloid deposits in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and preserved synaptic and cognitive function. Moreover, local delivery of XBP1 into the hippocampus of an AD mice using adeno-associated vectors improved long-term potentiation, memory performance, and dendritic spine density. Quantitative proteomics of the hippocampus revealed that XBP1 expression corrects a large proportion of the alterations observed in the 5xFAD model, restoring the levels of several synaptic proteins and factors involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation and axonal growth. Our results illustrate the therapeutic potential of targeting UPR-dependent gene expression programs as a strategy to ameliorate AD features and sustain synaptic function.