bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signature of a chemical spread in the open cluster M37
Authors: Griggio M , Salaris M , Cassisi S , Pietrinferni A , Bedin L R 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent Gaia photometry of the open cluster M37 has disclosed the existence of an extended main sequence turn-off – like in Magellanic clusters younger than about 2 Gyr – and a main sequence that is broadened in colour beyond what is expected from the photometric errors, at magnitudes well below the region of the extended turn-off, where neither age differences nor rotation rates (the candidates to explain the extended turn-off phenomenon) are expected to play a role. Moreover, not even the contribution of unresolved binaries can fully explain the observed broadening. We investigated the reasons behind this broadening by making use of synthetic stellar populations and differential colour–colour diagrams, using a combination of Gaia and Sloan filters. From our analysis, we have concluded that the observed colour spread in the Gaia colour–magnitude diagram can be reproduced by a combination of either a metallicity spread $\Delta \rm [Fe/H] \sim 0.15$ plus a differential reddening across the face of the cluster spanning a total range ΔE(B − V) ∼ 0.06, or a spread of the initial helium mass fraction ΔY ∼ 0.10 plus a smaller range of reddening ΔE(B − V) ∼ 0.03. High-resolution differential abundance determinations of a sizeable sample of cluster stars are necessary to confirm or exclude the presence of a metal abundance spread. Our results raise the possibility that also individual open clusters, like globular clusters and massive star clusters, host stars born with different initial chemical compositions.
Complex organic molecules formation in cold cores on stochastically heated grains
Authors: Chen Long-Fei , Chang Qiang , Wang Yao , Li Di 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the roles of stochastic grain heating in the formation of complex organic molecules (COMs) in cold cores, where COMs have been detected. Two different types of grain-size distributions are used in the chemical models. The first one is the MRN distribution, and the second one considers grain coagulation to study its effects on the chemical evolution in these environments. The macroscopic Monte Carlo method is used to perform the two-phase chemical model simulations. We find that (1) grain coagulation can affect certain gas-phase species, such as CO2 and N2H+, in the cold core environments, which can be attributed to the volatile precursors originating from the small grains with temperature fluctuations; (2) grains with radii around 4.6 × 10$^{-3}\, \mu$m contribute most to the production of COMs on dust grains under cold core conditions, while few species can be formed on even smaller grains with radii less than 2 × 10$^{-3}\, \mu$m; (3) COMs formed on stochastically heated grains could help explain the observed abundances of gas-phase COMs in cold cores.
Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): probing galaxy-group correlations in redshift space with the halo streaming model
Authors: Hang Qianjun , Peacock John A , Alam Shadab , Cai Yan-Chuan , Kraljic Katarina , van Daalen Marcel , Bilicki M , Holwerda B W , Loveday J 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We have studied the galaxy-group cross-correlations in redshift space for the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) Survey. We use a set of mock GAMA galaxy and group catalogues to develop and test a novel ‘halo streaming’ model for redshift-space distortions. This treats 2-halo correlations via the streaming model, plus an empirical 1-halo term derived from the mocks, allowing accurate modelling into the non-linear regime. In order to probe the robustness of the growth rate inferred from redshift-space distortions, we divide galaxies by colour, and divide groups according to their total stellar mass, calibrated to total mass via gravitational lensing. We fit our model to correlation data, to obtain estimates of the perturbation growth rate, fσ8, validating parameter errors via the dispersion between different mock realizations. In both mocks and real data, we demonstrate that the results are closely consistent between different subsets of the group and galaxy populations, considering the use of correlation data down to some minimum projected radius, rmin. For the mock data, we can use the halo streaming model to below $r_{\rm min} = 5{\, h^{-1}\, \rm Mpc}$, finding that all subsets yield growth rates within about 3 per cent of each other, and consistent with the true value. For the actual GAMA data, the results are limited by cosmic variance: fσ8 = 0.29 ± 0.10 at an effective redshift of 0.20; but there is every reason to expect that this method will yield precise constraints from larger data sets of the same type, such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) bright galaxy survey.
Eccentric debris belts reveal the dynamical history of the companion exoplanet
Authors: Rodet Laetitia , Lai Dong 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In recent years, a number of eccentric debris belts have been observed in extrasolar systems. The most common explanation for their shape is the presence of a nearby eccentric planetary companion. The gravitational perturbation from such a companion would induce periodic eccentricity variations on the planetesimals in the belt, with a range of precession frequencies. The overall expected shape is an eccentric belt with a finite minimum width. However, several observed eccentric debris discs have been found to exhibit a narrower width than the theoretical expectation. In this paper, we study two mechanisms that can produce this small width: (i) the protoplanetary disc can interact with the planet and/or the planetesimals, slowly driving the eccentricity of the former and damping the eccentricities of the latter; and (ii) the companion planet could have gained its eccentricity stochastically, through planet–planet scatterings. We show that under appropriate conditions, both of these scenarios offer a plausible way to reduce the minimum width of an eccentric belt exterior to a perturbing planet. However, the effects of protoplanetary discs are diminished at large separations (a &gt; 10 au) due to the scarcity of gas and the limited disc lifetime. These findings suggest that one can use the shape and width of debris discs to shed light on the evolution of extrasolar systems, constraining the protoplanetary disc properties and the prevalence of planet–planet scatterings. Further observations of debris-harbouring systems could confirm whether thin debris belts are a common occurrence, or the results of rare initial conditions or evolutionary processes.
Genealogy as Meditation and Adaptation with theHan Feizi
Authors: Wilson Lee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on an early Chinese conception of genealogical argumentation in the late Warring States text Han Feizi and a possible response it has to the problem of genealogical self-defeat as identified by Amia Srinivasan (2015)—i.e., the genealogist cannot seem to support their argument with premises their interlocutor or they themselves can accept, given their own argument. The paper offers a reading of Han Fei’s genealogical method that traces back to the meditative practice of an earlier Daoist text the Zhuangzi and its communicative strategy, providing a conception of genealogy aimed at undoing fixations on political systems in order to bring about a more adaptive state—specifically, genealogy that does not require epistemological commitment to its premises.
Is Heidegger’s History of Being a Genealogy?
Authors: Golob Sacha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that Heidegger’s ‘history of being’ is a debunking narrative, characterised by both analogies and disanalogies to genealogy, at least in its Nietzschean form. I begin by defining such narratives in terms of non-truth-tropic explanation. In §2, I argue, contra Foucault, that the debate is not best approached via the idea of an “origin” or “Ursprung.” Instead, having flagged some classic features of at least Nietzschean genealogy (§3), I examine two case studies from Heidegger’s ‘history of being’. The first, I argue, is not a debunking history (§4). The second is and its target is ironically Nietzsche himself (§5). I highlight Heidegger’s psychological and epistemic claims, and I draw a comparison with MacIntyre’s discussion of ‘dead-end’ problems. I conclude that Heidegger’s history of being is a debunking history, but not a genealogy, at least in the Nietzschean sense: amongst other things, Heidegger’s method differs in its stance on truth and on the role of polemical writing (§6).
Metallomics analysis for early assessment and individualized intervention of neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Yasuda Hiroshi , Tsutsui Toyoharu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The children today are in the midst of the epidemic of neurodevelopmental disorders. In this metallomics study for the scalp hair samples of total 2550 children with autistic disorders (2108 males and 442 females aged 0–15 years), it was demonstrated that near one-half of the infantile individuals aged 0–3 years are suffering from zinc deficiency and toxic metal burdens. Zinc level correlated closely to the index of zinc/iron ratio more than zinc/copper ratio. Furthermore, there were significant relationships between zinc deficiency and toxic metal burdens such as lead and aluminum, which were inversely associated with not only zinc level but also zinc/iron ratio with higher regression coefficients of r = −0.486 and −0.551 (P &lt; 0.00001), respectively. High-significant inverse association was detected between zinc and molybdenum concentration (r = −0.509) and also between zinc/iron ratio and molybdenum (r = −0.548). These findings suggest that infantile zinc deficiency relates to the high burdens of not only toxic but also some essential metals such as molybdenum, iron, and manganese and that these various mineral imbalances play principal roles in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. We expect that the early assessment and intervention of the mineral imbalances (or dis-homeostasis) in individual child open an avenue for evidence-based individualized treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders and also of the comorbid immune disorders, in near future.
Synchrotron XFM tomography for elucidating metals and metalloids in hyperaccumulator plants
Authors: Spiers Kathryn M , Brueckner Dennis , Garrevoet Jan , Falkenberg Gerald , van der Ent Antony 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Visualizing the endogenous distribution of elements within plant organs affords key insights in the regulation of trace elements in plants. Hyperaccumulators have extreme metal(loid) concentrations in their tissues, which make them useful models for studying metal(loid) homeostasis in plants. X-ray-based methods allow for the nondestructive analysis of most macro and trace elements with low limits of detection. However, observing the internal distributions of elements within plant organs still typically requires destructive sample preparation methods, including sectioning, for synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). X-ray fluorescence microscopy-computed tomography (XFM–CT) enables “virtual sectioning” of a sample thereby entirely avoiding artefacts arising from destructive sample preparation. The method can be used on frozen-hydrated samples, as such preserving “life-like” conditions. Absorption and Compton scattering maps obtained from synchrotron XFM–CT offer exquisite detail on structural features that can be used in concert with elemental data to interpret the results. In this article we introduce the technique and use it to reveal the internal distribution of hyperaccumulated elements in hyperaccumulator plant species. XFM–CT can be used to effectively probe the distribution of a range of different elements in plant tissues/organs, which has wide ranging applications across the plant sciences.
The nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) controls translation initiation in cis by recruiting nucleolin to the encoding mRNA
Authors: Zheng Alice J L , Thermou Aikaterini , Daskalogianni Chrysoula , Malbert-Colas Laurence , Karakostis Konstantinos , Le Sénéchal Ronan , Trang Dinh Van , Tovar Fernandez Maria C , Apcher Sébastien , Chen Sa , Blondel Marc , Fahraeus Robin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Protein aggregates and abnormal proteins are toxic and associated with neurodegenerative diseases. There are several mechanisms to help cells get rid of aggregates but little is known on how cells prevent aggregate-prone proteins from being synthesised. The EBNA1 of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) evades the immune system by suppressing its own mRNA translation initiation in order to minimize the production of antigenic peptides for the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I pathway. Here we show that the emerging peptide of the disordered glycine–alanine repeat (GAr) within EBNA1 dislodges the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) from the ribosome. This results in the recruitment of nucleolin to the GAr-encoding mRNA and suppression of mRNA translation initiation in cis. Suppressing NAC alpha (NACA) expression prevents nucleolin from binding to the GAr mRNA and overcomes GAr-mediated translation inhibition. Taken together, these observations suggest that EBNA1 exploits a nascent protein quality control pathway to regulate its own rate of synthesis that is based on sensing the nascent GAr peptide by NAC followed by the recruitment of nucleolin to the GAr-encoding RNA sequence.
The predictive value of partialMGMTpromoter methylation for IDH-wild-type glioblastoma patients
Authors: Torre Matthew , Wen Patrick Y , Iorgulescu J Bryan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma patients with hypermethylation of the O6-methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter have significantly improved survival when treated with temozolomide compared to patients with unmethylation of the MGMT promoter. However, the prognostic and predictive significance of partial MGMT promoter methylation is unclear.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for patients newly diagnosed in 2018 with histopathologically confirmed isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma. The overall survival (OS) associated with MGMT promoter methylation status was assessed using multivariable Cox regression with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (P &lt; .008 was significant).ResultsThree thousand eight hundred twenty-five newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients were identified. The MGMT promoter was unmethylated in 58.7% (n = 2245), partially methylated in 4.8% (n = 183), hypermethylated in 3.5% (n = 133), and methylated not otherwise specified (NOS; likely consisting predominantly of hypermethylated cases) in 33.0% (n = 1264) of cases. Among patients that received first-line single-agent chemotherapy (ie likely temozolomide), compared to partial methylation (referent), MGMT promoter unmethylation was associated with worse OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.94; 95% confidence interval [95 CI]: 1.54–2.44; P &lt; .001) in multivariable Cox regression adjusted for major prognostic confounders. In contrast, a significant OS difference was not observed between partially methylated promoters and either hypermethylated (HR 1.02; 95 CI: 0.72–1.46; P = .90) or methylated NOS (HR 0.99; 95 CI: 0.78–1.26; P = .93) promoters. Among IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients who did not receive first-line chemotherapy, MGMT promoter methylation status was not associated with significant differences in OS (P = 0.39–0.83).ConclusionsCompared to MGMT promoter unmethylation, partial methylation was predictive of improved OS among IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients treated with first-line single-agent chemotherapy—supporting the use of temozolomide therapy in these patients.
Neuro-oncology at the American Society for Clinical Oncology 2022 Annual Meeting
Authors: Lukas Rimas V , Chmura Steven J , Parney Ian F , Mammoser Aaron , Smith Sonali M , Li Jing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the following brief report, we highlight the advances in the neuro-oncology space from the ASCO 2022 Annual Meeting. We put into context the phase 2 and 3 trials and how these may alter the standard of care going forward. In addition, we highlight some other earlier work that will lead to future and potentially practice-changing trials.
Pre-adolescence: Social Status and the Heterosexual Market
Authors: Eckert Penelope 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pre-adolescence is a passage from a normatively asexual childhood to a normatively heterosexual adolescence. This is a collective passage, in which the gender binary is re-inscribed in the age cohort as part of a larger construction of a peer-based social order. Same-sex friendship groups merge into male and female constituencies, creating a “popular crowd” aiming to lead their peers into adolescent practices. Central to these practices is the development of a “heterosexual market” in which individuals accrue value as a function of their participation in heterosexual practice and in the vast indexical activity that supports it. Based on ethnographic work in two very different elementary schools in Northern California, this chapter examines the selective adoption of variation tied to sound change in progress as cultural capital in this market. Among other things, it shows that the nature of the market and of the indexical practice is articulated by difference in class and ethnicity across the cohort.
Talk About Intimate Subjects
Authors: Gaudio Rudolf P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethnographic research is to a great extent a process of language socialization. Like children and other neophytes, ethnographers learn how to use language to participate in the social worlds they are studying. For scholars of language, gender, and sexuality, this ideally entails developing communicative competence as gendered and sexual subjects: we learn how people talk, and don’t talk, about gender and sex. This chapter describes how long-term participant-observation, the core ethnographic research method, allowed the author to come to a (partial) appreciation of the language and subjectivities articulated by Hausa-speaking men in northern Nigeria, who saw themselves as “feminine” and/or enjoyed sex with other men. Using examples of miscommunication that occurred at different stages of fieldwork, the chapter illustrates how the time and attention required for ethnographic research can contribute to nuanced understandings of language, gender, and sexuality in particular cultural contexts.
Medical Sociology in Africa
Authors: Pearce Tọ́lá Olú 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the growth and concerns of medical sociology on the African continent. To understand the past and ongoing research, it foregrounds the sociological thesis that context matters. Local and global sociopolitical contexts always impact people’s health. After colonial rule, health became a “development” issue because Africa had long been defined by doctors, missionaries, explorers, and anthropologists as the “dark continent,” weighed down by disease. The chapter draws attention to Africa’s historical position being devalued and exploited and to the promising scholarship being done on Indigenous theories and healing systems. Both have a bearing on an emerging feature of research on the continent: the interest in constructing appropriate concepts and analytical frameworks for Africa. The focus is on four broad areas: African contributions to analytical tools in medical sociology, African healing systems, epidemiological studies, and policy and health reforms.
The latest breakthrough on NLRP6 inflammasome
Authors: Li Runzhi , Zan Yang , Sui Kaiwen , Zhu Shu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
NLRP6, a Nod-like receptor family member, has been shown to affect intestinal homeostasis and microbial colonization through organizing a huge protein complex called inflammasome. NLRP6 inflammasome promotes the cleavage and secretion of inflammatory cytokines or the cleavage of pore-forming Gasdermin D to initiate the inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis, which plays important roles in responding to pathogen invasion. However, questions about the ligand(s) that trigger NLRP6 inflammasome activation, or the mechanisms that how a ligand triggers NLRP6 inflammasome assembly, are emerging. In this mini-review, we summarize the current understandings of ligand recognition of NLRP6, the role of liquid-liquid phase separation in NLRP6 inflammasome assembly, and potential links with human health and diseases.
Changes in public–police cooperation following the murder of George Floyd
Authors: Brantingham P Jeffrey , Mohler George , MacDonald John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The murder of George Floyd triggered a broad social response and noticeable shift in public opinion of policing. Since policing is dependent upon public cooperation, a question is whether the shift in opinion had an effect on police calls-for-service. Data from Los Angeles and New York City are evaluated using a regression discontinuity design. Violent crime, property crime, and quality-of-life disorder calls are analyzed to address differences in reporting norms. The role of racial–ethnic composition of local areas is assessed by examining census tracts where the majority of the residential population is Asian, Black, Hispanic, or White. Following the murder of George Floyd, in New York City violent crime, property crime, and quality-of-life calls all increased significantly. In Los Angeles, quality-of-life calls for service decreased significantly. The increase in violent crime calls observed in New York was greatest in areas where the majority of residents are Black, whereas the increase in property crime calls was the greatest in areas where a majority of residents are White. The decrease in quality-of-life calls observed in Los Angeles was in areas where the majority of residents are White. In both cases, the effect was relatively short-lived.
OTC Intermediaries
Authors: Eisfeldt Andrea L , Herskovic Bernard , Rajan Sriram , Siriwardane Emil 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study the effect of dealer exit on prices and quantities in a model of an over-the-counter market featuring a core-periphery network with bilateral trading costs. The model is calibrated using regulatory data on the entire U.S. credit default swap (CDS) market between 2010 and 2013. Prices depend crucially on the risk-bearing capacity of core dealers, yet unlike standard models featuring a dealer sector, we allow for heterogeneity in dealer risk-bearing capacity. This heterogeneity is quantitatively important. Depending on how well dealers share risk, the exit of a single dealer can cause credit spreads to rise by 8 $\%$ to 24$\%$.
New Perspectives on Insurance
Authors: Koijen Ralph S J , Yogo Motohiro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This special issue originates from a dual submission conference with the NBER Insurance Working Group and the Corporate Finance Program in 2020. It brings a broader perspective on important frictions in insurance markets, including trust between insurers and policyholders, conflicts of interest among brokers, suboptimal policyholder behavior, and risk-based capital regulation. Several developments in the economy and the academic literature have provided an impetus for new perspectives, including the growth of savings products with minimum return guarantees, the global financial crisis, and intermediary asset pricing. We conclude with an overview of research questions that are promising for further exploration.