bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Elevated Maternal Serum Podocalyxin Concentrations with Blood Pressure Values and Routine Laboratory Parameters in Preeclampsia
Authors: Popovski Nikola K. , Nikolov Asparuh G. , Popov Yordan D. , Blazheva Svetla O. 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Podocalyxin (PCX) is a glycoprotein member of the CD34 transmembrane sialomucin family and covers the surface of podocytes. It is assumed to be a marker of glomerular endothelial injury. In conditions, podocalyxin excretion in the urine is increased as a result of podocyte injury. Recent studies show that PCX is expressed not only in kidneys but also in the endothelial cells of other organs. Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by new-onset hypertension, generalized endothelial injury, and glomerular alteration. Having this in mind, in the present study, we aimed to: (1) determine circulating PCX levels in sera of women with preeclampsia and normal pregnancy; (2) explore for an association between PCX and blood pressure and (3) investigate a possible relationship between PCX and routine laboratory markers of cardiac and renal injury/dysfunction. Fifty-five women with preeclampsia were examined. The mean age of patients was 24.9±6 years, and the mean age of the control group of 35 women with normal pregnancies was 24.7±5.4 years. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine concentrations of PCX. Levels of serum PCX in preeclamptic women were statistically significantly higher than those in women with normal pregnancy: 2.66±0.67 vs. 2.40±0.33 ng/ml (p=0.03). Podocalyxin correlated with SBP (r=0.30; p=0.004), DBP (r=0.35; p=0.0007), uric acid (r=0.32; p=0.002), CPK (r=0.22; 0.03) and its isoenzyme CK-MB (r=0.21; p=0.04). Our results showed significantly higher levels of serum PCX in women with preeclampsia than in healthy pregnancy. Elevated podocalyxin levels are associated with an increase in blood pressure in preeclampsia. We found a relationship between PCX and routine laboratory indicators of cardiac (CPK and CK-MB) and renal injury/dysfunction (uric acid). PCX has the potential as a future preeclampsia diagnostic biomarker.
The Credit Cycle and Measurement of the Natural Rate of Interest
Authors: Deryugina Elena , Guseva Maria , Ponomarenko Alexey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We conduct a Monte Carlo experiment using an ad-hoc New Keynesian model and a tractable agent-based model to generate artificial credit cycle episodes. We show that fluctuations in the implicit measures of the natural rate of interest obtained using a conventional trivariate Kalman filter on these artificial datasets occur in the vicinity of credit cycle peaks without any underlying changes in fundamentals (that is the agents’ type or their behaviour). The empirical analysis confirms that the measures of the natural interest rate tend to increase prior to a credit cycle peak and decrease afterwards. We conclude that a decline in the estimated natural rates of interest does not necessarily indicate changes in macroeconomic fundamentals. Instead, it may simply reflect the innate properties of the measurement technique in the vicinity of credit cycle peaks.
Role of Regulatory Governance in Financial Stability: A Comparison of High and Low Income Countries
Authors: Ullah Saif , Hussain Sayed Irshad , Nabi Agha Amad , Mubashir Khurram Ali 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study explores the effect of regulatory governance on financial stability using cross-sectional data from 55 countries. The findings show that regulatory governance and various subcomponents of regulatory governance are positively correlated with financial stability in the selected countries. The results, based on the ordinary least square method, explain that the regulatory governance has a significant positive influence on financial stability in the selected countries. Further, concerning different dimensions of regulatory governance, it is showed that an individual impact of all components on financial stability is positive except for the strength of external audit, and supervisory independence and accountability. However, central bank`s independence and economic independence have a statistically significant effect on financial stability, whereas central bank accountability, supervisory independence and accountability, political central bank independence as well as the strength of external audit have an insignificant statistical influence on financial stability. Finally, the study concludes that regulatory governance and individual dimension of regulatory governance played the most significant role in improving financial stability in the selected countries.
Assessing the Vulnerability to Land Degradation of (Not Only) Rural Landscapes Using the ESAI Index
Authors: Cudlín Ondřej , Pechanec Vilém , Prokopová Marcela , Cudlín Pavel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Determining the vulnerability of land to degradation is a crucial factor enabling policy makers to take targeted actions. The main aim of this work was to determine vulnerability to land degradation using the Environmentally Sensitive Area Index (ESAI) in the territory of 206 municipalities with extended power (MEPs), regions (NUTS 3) and in the Czech Republic (CR). The other two aims were found out i) whether land degradation is affected by land use characterized by landscape types according to Löw et al. (2006) and ii) whether land degradation occurred in larger territorial units (regions) or scattered across the CR (in individual isolated MEPs). The Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) method assesses the vulnerability of an area to land degradation using a composite index containing indicators divided into four thematic groups: human activity pressure and management intensity, vegetation cover and vegetation quality, climate, and soil in the assessed area. The ESAI index is expressed on a semi-quantitative scale ranging from the lowest levels of degradation (land not affected and land potentially affected by degradation) to the highest level of degradation (land at high risk). Most MEPs with a share of more than 70 % of their area were in the category "moderately critical areas" at risk of land degradation were located in the Central Bohemia region (15 MEPs) and in the South Moravia region (14 MEPs). For the whole territory of the Czech Republic, 51 % of the territory was found to be critically vulnerable to land degradation, and 38 % of the republic area was vulnerable to land degradation. Vulnerability to land degradation was strongly influenced by the landscape type. Almost all MEPs with a predominantly agricultural landscapes were critically vulnerable to land degradation, as were about half of the MEPs in the forest-agricultural and urban landscapes and only a few MEPs in the forest landscapes. Given the selected indicators, the MEP seems to be the appropriate smallest administrative unit to assess vulnerability to land degradation in the Czech Republic. The map of individual ESAI values can be viewed free of charge online at http://www.imalbes.cz/vysledek.php. We are currently preparing a proposal for appropriate measures to prevent and reduce land degradation throughout the territory of the Czech Republic, and our proposals are coordinated with representatives of the MEPs and regions.
Expectations Towards International Study Visits – Preliminary Research Findings
Authors: Tracz-Krupa Katarzyna , Bezzina Frank , Cassar Vincent , Przytuła Sylwia , Bruska Anna , Szymańska-Czaplak Elżbieta 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this paper is to present the preliminary research findings concerning the expectations towards international study visits undertaken by university students hailing from different higher education institutions around Europe on the canvas of internationalization as a concept.

Methodology: The research was carried out on a group of 440 students from 5 European countries. The study covered the population of students of faculties whose graduates are preparing to work in business. The basic research tool was a questionnaire with dominating closed questions and the possibility for respondents to indicate more than one answer. The answers of the respondents were measured using a five-point Likert scale with a variable description of the minimum and maximum point value. When analyzing the data, descriptive statistics were used. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in mean ranks across attribute ratings.

Findings: The results highlight significant common features of students’ expectations towards international mobility programs: personal development orientation, interest in contact with employers and professional environment, willingness to try themselves in new challenges by developing creative and communication skills in an international environment.
Value Added: This article is an important voice on the impact of mobility programs on the competencies development of future graduates. The final results of the research can be used to improve the mobility and educational programs offered by universities which equip their students with major skills, knowledge and attitudes in the future workplace.

Recommendations: The highest-valued components of international study visits do not fully reflect the expectations of employers, and the study of the reasons for these discrepancies, as well as reflection on how to minimize them in the process of academic teaching, remain a significant challenge for the practice of building competencies sought in the labour market.
Performance Evaluation in the Inter-Institutional Collaboration Context of Hybrid Smart Cities
Authors: Secinaro Silvana , Brescia Valerio , Iannaci Daniel , Barreca Manuela 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective: The smart city is defined as a mix of urban strategies aimed at optimizing and innovating public services. Current cities are hybrid and affected by complex systems with inter-institutional collaboration. This study aims to understand which variables are most present and important according to the literature review and comparative analysis of two case studies.

Methodology: The authors have chosen the emerging smart city of Turin and Lugano to conduct a cross-analysis based on the matrix proposed by Yin (2017). This research is characterized as a holistic study of multiple cases.

Findings: The research was carried out thanks to results produced by literature and emerging from the analysis of realities exposed, to assess the performance of projects and urban sustainability. A set of 71 indicators has been designed to assess the impacts of a smart city. 5 Indicators are related to management performance, 18 to governance and 48 to reporting.

Value Added: This research aims to implement the theory of information reporting by providing guidelines for indicators in inter-institutional, cross-sectoral and multi-level contexts maximising smart factors in cities and meeting stakeholder needs in a hybrid organization.

Recommendations: Future research is recommended to confirm the relevant indicators for stakeholders associated with communication methods.
Trends and Future of Corporate Entrepreneurship in Indonesia in the Post-Pandemic Era by Using Descriptive Quantitative and Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asif 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives: The main driving objective of this research is focused on revealing entrepreneurship trends that businesses can utilize to remain competitive in the market and grow toward achieving their goals in Indonesia. Also, this research explains the entrepreneurship future, what to do, and how to offset the prevalent challenges.

Methodology: The best method of research used in this study is the descriptive quantitative and cross-sectional study based on the available trends which are believed to occur in the future. The methodologies used in this research give it more accuracy on how to achieve all the set targets. Secondary sources of data enable the researcher to acquire the skills through which they will be used as the bridge recognizing the trends available in the realm of entrepreneurship. The data was collected from the BPS-Indonesian Central Statistics Agency.

Findings: This study reveals the significant factors that can be used to sustain corporate entrepreneurship in the post-pandemic era. Utilizing the descriptive quantitative and cross-sectional study in the research, the study collected the relevant information on entrepreneurship and how the future trends will affect the need for the advancement in technology, therefore creating more job opportunities.

Limitation: The main limitation to this research was finding substantive information that suits the identified time frame with relevant data. The research requires the incorporation of various studies and surveys. Moreover, some of the entrepreneurship publications relevant to be used in this study were not written in English. Also, this study used mapping of reviews, which have some weaknesses since some of them are limited to time.

Value Added and Recommendations: This research significantly contributes to essential areas in business in Indonesia since there are scarce studies like this regarding entrepreneurship in the post-pandemic era. The research has indicated that it is necessary to treat entrepreneurship education as a priority by policymakers, governments, and educators.
Florian Znaniecki’s idea of socialization to altruism
Authors: Hałas Elżbieta 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Certain visionary threads of Florian Znaniecki’s thought present in his sociological theory of education merit our attention. They are associated with the concept of creating a grassroots movement of new sociality, capable of becoming a vehicle of reflexive social and cultural changes. These utopian threads related to the current of new humanism appear in all of Znaniecki’s works. The problem of altruism seems crucial in the light of Znaniecki’s axiology, but has not been properly examined until now. When Znaniecki names the new social tasks of education with the goal of shaping social changes, he considers the problem of social good from the perspective of intergroup relations. He searches for a new meaning of altruism, especially collective altruism, which would be the antithesis of collective egoism, and thus would transcend the limits of solidarity only with one’s own group. The issue of altruism, so important for Znaniecki, has only recently begun to regain its place in sociology. Znaniecki’s thought can be read in a connection with the contemporary anti-utilitarian movement and the newly revived discussion about the possibility of humanism after modernity.
In the Circle of The Sociology of Education of Florian Znaniecki
Authors: Leśniak-Moczuk Krystyna 
Published: January 2022

Summary
The aim of this article is to recall the theory of the sociology of education created almost a century ago by the classic of Polish sociology, Florian Znaniecki, in order to show the topicality of his concept in the face of the symptoms of the crisis of the educational system. The article presents the biographical context and scientific achievements of the creator of the sociology of education. The relations between the disciplines of educational sociology, general sociology and pedagogy were explained. The goals and components of the upbringing process and the system of sociology of upbringing by Florian Znaniecki were outlined. Attention was also paid to the educational environment defined by Florian Znaniecki and the upbringing process was characterized as a preparation for fulfilling the social roles. The theses postulated by the creator of the sociology of education were related to the contemporary educational environment.
On non-obviousness of relations between giants and dwarfs – reflections on the margins of the philosophy of culture by Florian Znaniecki
Authors: Budajczak Marek 
Published: January 2022

Summary
The article, recalling the work of Florian Znaniecki, reflects on hierarchizations of cultures. The part of it discusses some weaknesses of the language of sociology, i.e. the inconsistencies in defining and academic use of the concept of “culture”.
Distance Learning – Unjustified Enthusiasm or the First Milestone?
Authors: Przybyła Mariusz 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Nowadays it is difficult to talk about the real and virtual world in the context of contemporary students. Perhaps even talking about „on-line” vs „off-line” is a thing of the past, since some of us are always online. Remote learning changes the approach to school and extracurricular education and affects all levels of education. An important aspect of considerations on school and academic e-learning is so called the bottom-up push, i.e. the involvement of enthusiasts discovering the secrets of e-learning platforms in front of their pupils and the willingness of these pupils and students. Observing the changes implemented in the education system over the last decades, we can honestly state, that these were rather sham movements, unable to change the class-lesson system and its elements burdening us as the subjects of the education process. What happened, then? What powers have changed school and academic education, so that we have found ourselves in the digital world? Have we started using mobile solutions? Can we conduct online classes? Is this a necessary evil or an opportunity for tomorrow (for universities/schools, students/pupils, lecturers/teachers and for modern, constantly learning societies)? Distance learning contributes to creating new spaces for educational interactions. It enables both mass and individual education in synchronous and asynchronous modes.
The Interaction Between Modals and SFPs in Mandarin Chinese: A Cartographic Approach
Authors: Chiu Liching Livy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Both sentential final particles (SFPs) and high modals commonly convey the speakers’ knowledge of the world, their judgments, intentions, and subjective attitudes. This paper aims to explore the correlations between high modals and sentence-final particles in Mandarin Chinese (MC). Specifically, two high modals of MC show the behavior of being unable to precede the subject and eliminating their epistemic reading in the presence of SFPs. The phenomenon discussed in this paper is specifically exemplified with yinggai ‘should’ and keneng ‘be likely to’ in MC. We give an analysis about which modals and SFPs are interlaced in terms of their scope positions, so as to explain the phenomena.
TRANSFORMASI STRUKTURAL DAN KETIMPANGAN ANTAR KABUPATEN/KOTA DI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Kharisma Bayu , Wardhana Adhitya , Nur Yudha Hadian 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa transformasi struktural ekonomi dan ketimpangan antar daerah yang terjadi di wilayah Jawa Barat. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share, Indeks Williamson dan Entropy Theil. Sementara itu, jenis data yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Data sekunder yang digunakan dalam kajian ini dari tahun 2011 sampai dengan 2016. Hasil analisis LQ menunjukkan terdapat 7 (tujuh) daerah yang memiliki basis ekonomi pada sektor industri dengan Purwakarta sebagai wilayah penyumbang terbesar. Sementara itu, 11 (sebelas) daerah di Provinsi Jawa Barat memiliki basis ekonomi pada sektor pertanian dan wilayah yang memberikan kontribusi terbesar adalah Cirebon. Selanjutnya, ada 8 (delapan) daerah yang memiliki basis ekonomi pada sektor jasa – jasa dengan Bogor merupakan wilayah yang berkontribusi terbesar. Tingkat ketimpangan pendapatan di Provinsi Jawa Barat mengalami penurunan dari 0,670 pada tahun 2010 menjadi 0,646 pada tahun 2016. Hal tersebut menunjukkan distribusi pendapatan yang semakin merata dalam kurun waktu tahun 2010 – 2016 dengan rata – rata tingkat ketimpangan paling besar adalah Purwakarta. Sementara itu, wilayah dengan rata – rata tingkat ketimpangan paling kecil adalah Bogor dan tingkat ketimpangan terkecil berada Kab. Cianjur.
Pengaruh Waktu Pasteurisasi Terhadap Cemaran Mikrobiologis dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Loloh Daun Pohpohan (Pilea trinervia Wight.)
Authors: Nabillah Icha , Kencana Putra I Nengah , Suparthana I Putu 
Published: January 2022

Loloh is one of the traditional beverages in Bali made from fresh leaves, root, stem, seeds or fruit without cooking treatment (cold process). Some studies showed that loloh in several area in Bali is not worth to consume because of high level of microbial contamination. This study aimed to determine the effect of pasteurization time to produce loloh pohpohan leaves with the best antioxidant activity and free from microbial contamination. This experiment used a Completely Randomized Design with 7 variations of pasteurization treatment time, namely 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 30 and 35 minutes. The treatment was repeated three time for obtain 21 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by analyze of variance and if the treatment had significant effect, then it was followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result of this study showed that pasteurization time has a very significant effect (P<0,01) on total microbial, total coliform and antioxidant activity. The best loloh treatment in this study was obtain with 20 minutes pasteurization time with the total plate count 0 CFU/mL (no microbes showed), negative coliform and antioxidant activity 58.39% with IC50 valued 1584.097 ppm, the color is neutral, the aroma is neutral, the taste was bitter and neutral and overall acceptance
is neutral.
Digital diplomacy: international experience and ukraine’s perspectives
Authors: Mytsyk Larysa 
Published: January 2022

In the age of globalization and the dominance of digital technologies, public diplomacy is no longer the prerogative of politicians, as the number of agents of influence is constantly increasing. Openness and publicity dictate new rules of the political game and, accordingly, make new demands on public diplomacy of the state. In light of the global Covid-19 pandemic, digital technologies are becoming especially relevant, strengthening the importance of digital diplomacy as the newest direction of public diplomacy. The purpose of this paper is to study the international experience of integrated inclusion of digital diplomacy into the arsenal of public diplomacy and the opportunities and problems to apply that experience for the digitalization of Ukrainian public diplomacy.
The need to understand digital diplomacy is determined by a number of factors, in particular, increasing information flows, the inclusion of diplomatic communication in the global context of networking, the use of new communication channels and tools as well as its intensity, and the emergence of new types of influence on the audience in diplomatic practice.
The experience of the leading world’s democracies shows the potential of digital diplomacy as a strategic resource for promoting national interests and implementation of diplomatic tasks and state political doctrine. The essence of the cultural and political dimension of digital diplomacy is that the use of the latest information and communication tools in the foreign policy area contributes to strengthening the attractive image of the political culture of the state, ensuring the main goals of the country’s economy in the world economic space, as well as the promotion of national identity abroad. Digital diplomacy is a tool for spreading democratic values ​​worldwide that creates a basis for global unity.
Opportunities for the development of "digital diplomacy" in Ukraine seem to be limited by the lack of national information and communication strategy, the shortage of trained professionals, and a number of risks inherent in working on the Internet. Nevertheless, digital diplomacy in Ukraine is actively developing, involving more and more stakeholders in the process of information exchange. That is facilitated by the very nature of social media, which, like any living organism, is constantly evolving.