bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian WIMP detection with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Authors: Mangipudi Abhi , Thrane Eric , Balazs Csaba 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Over the past decades Bayesian methods have become increasingly popular in astronomy and physics as stochastic samplers have enabled efficient investigation of high-dimensional likelihood surfaces.
In this work we develop a hierarchical Bayesian inference framework to detect the presence of dark matter annihilation events in data from the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Gamma-ray events are weighted based on their measured sky position Ω̂
m
and energy Em
in order to derive a posterior distribution for the dark matter's velocity averaged cross section 〈σv〉. The dark matter signal model and the astrophysical background model are cast as prior distributions for (Ω̂
m
, Em
). The shape of these prior distributions can be fixed based on first-principle models; or one may adopt flexible priors to include theoretical uncertainty, for example, in the dark matter annihilation spectrum or the astrophysical distribution of sky location. We demonstrate the utility of this formalism using simulated data with a Galactic Centre signal from scalar singlet dark-matter model. The sensitivity according to our method is comparable to previous estimates of the CTA sensitivity.
Is Jet Re-orientation the Elusive Trigger for Star Formation Suppression in Radio Galaxies?
Authors: Garofalo David , Moravec Emily , Macconi Duccio , Singh Chandra B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Jet re-orientation associated with the time evolution of radio quasars explains the formation of X-shaped radio galaxies and their preference for isolated environments. But since X-shaped radio galaxies are generally not found in dense environments (e.g., groups/clusters), the jet re-orientation phenomenon for radio galaxies in groups and clusters has been ignored. We take a closer look at the re-orientation of FRI jets with respect to FRII jets, and find that it may constitute the as-yet unidentified trigger for star formation suppression in radio galaxies. We show how the recently explored radio “red geyser” galaxies can be interpreted in this context and ultimately reveal a deeper understanding of why FRII radio galaxies are on one side of the star formation enhancement/suppression divide compared to FRI radio galaxies.
Beryllium melt instabilities and ejection during unmitigated current quenches in ITER
Authors: Vignitchouk L. , Ratynskaia S. , Pitts R.A. , Lehnen M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The dynamics of transient liquid beryllium flows induced on the ITER first wall during the current quench stage of unmitigated vertical displacement events are modelled by means of two-dimensional Navier–Stokes simulations. The study focuses on melt that is driven to the first wall panels’ chamfered edges, where free-surface instabilities are the most likely to be seeded. Beyond their impact on plasma-facing component damage, these instabilities potentially result in material ejection in the form of droplets, which may ultimately solidify into dust and accumulate in the vessel. Based on prior integrated numerical predictions of quenching magnetic equilibria, wall energy deposition and melt-related damage in a concrete worst-case disruption scenario, the simulations suggest that, although the liquid layer is significantly destabilized, only 5% of the total melt mass created on the wall surface is lost through ejection. This result can serve as a basis to refine the estimates of the real transient-induced beryllium dust inventory expected in ITER.
Lab-scale measurements of wind farm blockage effects
Authors: Bartl Jan , Aasnæs Camilla H. , Bjørnsen Joakim R. , Stenfelt Gloria , Lande-Sudall David 
Published: November 2022

The inflow an individual wind turbine experiences in a farm layout is strongly dependent on flow interaction effects with the turbines surrounding it. In addition to the well-known wake flows, lateral and upstream flow interaction effects, commonly described as wind farm blockage effects, have also recently gained some attention.
In this work, flow measurements in the upstream induction zone of neighboring turbines are presented for different arrangements of three to seven porous actuator discs. It is shown how the upstream induction zones of individual discs merge into a single zone when decreasing the lateral spacing between three discs. As a result, the central disc experiences a higher thrust force than its neighboring discs. For farm arrangements in two rows, an aligned disc setup is observed to result in a larger upstream velocity decrease than offset arrangements.
Impacts of Competitive Seabed Allocation
Authors: Laido Ahti Simo , Kitzing Lena 
Published: November 2022

Impacts of Competitive Seabed Allocation
Offshore wind is an important part of the transition to green energy sources. The industry relies on access to economical seabed, which is a scarce and valuable resource controlled and managed by governments. In this paper we analyse the impacts of the fees embedded in the seabed lease agreements for the economics of offshore wind. We describe the allocation schemes for seabed including pre-qualification, fees, and method of competition for the examples of UK (England, Wales, and Northern Ireland), UK (Scotland), the United States and the Netherlands. Then, we use a discounted cash flow analysis to assess and compare the timeline and magnitude of the fees. Finally, we describe the incentive structures that these fees create for wind farm design. We show that the costs embedded in the seabed lease agreements can be extensive and have been trending upward over time. We also find that the incentive structures are varied and not necessarily aligned with societal goals.
Distribution and intensification of pig production in China 2007–2017
Authors: Zhao Q , Dupas M C , Axelsson C , Artois J , Robinson T P , Gilbert M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Driven by population growth and rising incomes, the demand for animal source foods in low and middle-income countries is increasing rapidly. Pork is one of the most commonly consumed animal-based food, with the highest demand being in China due to its largest population and changing dietary habits linked to increasing wealth. Here, we show the changes in pig production systems in terms of farms capacity, productivity and production at the national and provincial levels by analyzing several censuses of China. In addition, we used a downscaling methodology to provide a recent and highly detailed map of the distribution of pigs in China. Between 2007 and 2017, pork production in China increased by 26.6%, up to 55 million tons and the number of large-scale farms with a yearly production of over 10 000 heads increased by 145%. Much of the production has changed from extensive backyard subsistence farming to intensive corporate farming. Moreover, the pig distribution has shifted from watercourse-intense southeast to northeast and southwest of China due to environmental policy in 2015. These policy-driven transitions primarily aimed to increase pig production efficiency and reduce environmental impacts and resulted in a profound transformation of geographic production patterns.
Algebraic structure of Dirac Hamiltonians in non-commutative phase space
Authors: Falomir Horacio , Liniado Joaquin , Pisani Pablo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this article we study two-dimensional Dirac Hamiltonians with non-commutativity both in coordinates and momenta from an algebraic perspective. In order to do so, we consider the graded Lie algebra

s
l

(
2

|

1
)

generated by Hermitian bilinear forms in the non-commutative dynamical variables and the Dirac matrices in

2
+
1

dimensions. By further defining a total angular momentum operator, we are able to express a class of Dirac Hamiltonians completely in terms of these operators. In this way, we analyze the energy spectrum of some simple models by constructing and studying the representation spaces of the unitary irreducible representations of the graded Lie algebra

s
l

(
2

|

1
)
⊕

s
o

(
2
)

. As application of our results, we consider the Landau model and a fermion in a finite cylindrical well.
The growth constant for self-avoiding walks on the fcc and bcc lattices
Authors: Clisby Nathan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We extend a binary tree implementation of the pivot algorithm to the face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic lattices, and use it to calculate the growth constant, µ, for self-avoiding walks on these lattices. We find that

μ

f
c
c

=
10.037
057
85
±
0.000
000
14

and

μ

b
c
c

=
6.530
511
501
±
0.000
000
084

. In addition, we estimate the amplitudes

A

f
c
c

=
1.17119
±
0.00003

and

A

b
c
c

=
1.17637
±
0.00003

, and provide convincing numerical evidence in support of the hypothesis that the critical exponent γ is a universal quantity.
Evolution of ionization waves in a multi-pulsed plasma jet: the role of memory charges
Authors: BABAEVA N Yu , NAIDIS G V , TARASENKO V F , SOROKIN D A , ZHANG Cheng , SHAO Tao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the properties of ionization waves (IWs) in a multi-pulsed plasma jet while using the two-dimensional computational approach. The IWs are generated by application of three short negative pulses with a repetition frequency 12.5 MHz. The simulations are performed continuously during a single run while accounting for charges accumulated inside (surface charges) and outside (space charges) the tube. The plasma forming gas mixture (He/O2 = 99.8%/0.2%) is injected through the discharge tube into the surrounding humid air. We show that an IW can emerge from the tube exit at a pulse rising edge (as a negative IW) and at a falling edge of the same pulse (as a positive IW). It is demonstrated that remnants of the negative and positive charges play an essential role in the discharge evolution. The first pulse travels the shortest distance as it propagates through the initially non-ionized environment. The IWs developing during the second pulse essentially enlarge the plasma plume length. At the same time, the IWs generated by the third pulse eventually decay due to the remnants of charges accumulated during the previous pulses. Accumulated memory charges can lead to the IW extinction.
Clinical Utility of Next-Generation Sequencing Panel Testing in the Evaluation of Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Hernandez Patricia , King Katherine , Evenson Michael , Corliss Meagan , Schroeder Molly , Krysiak Kilannin , Heusel Jonathan , Neidich Julie , Cao Yang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular lesions in which an overgrowth of blood vessels of varying sizes develops with one or more direct connections between the arterial and venous circulation. AVMs are seen in sporadic and syndromic conditions that are caused by a variety of genomic alterations. Here, we performed a retrospective review of the cases sent for next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis for diseases of somatic mosaicism (DoSM). Specimens from 54 patients with clinical indication of AVMs were submitted for the DoSM NGS panel between October 2013 and Dec 2021. DNA extraction and sequence analysis were performed on affected tissues, including fresh tissue, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, fibroblast cultures, and buccal specimens. Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) with variant allele fractions (VAFs) greater than 3% and small insertions and deletions (indels, &lt;21 bp) were called using VarScan2, Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK), and Pindel. Variants with VAFs between 1-3% were manually reviewed based on the sequencing data quality and the known clinical significance. 38/54 (69.1%) patients were females and 16/54 (30.9%) were males. Ages ranged from 1 month to 73 years (median age 17 years). Most of the patients were indicated with sporadic AVM (81%), although additional clinical indications were noticed, including unspecified congenital vascular malformation (9.1%), capillary malformation (5.5%), arteriovenous fistula, and AVM associated with capillary and lymphatic malformations (1.8% each). The biopsied lesion was most often located in the head (43.6%), followed by the limbs (30.9%), and unspecified areas of the body in the remaining 25.5%. Among the 54 cases, 37 (68.5%) cases had pathogenic and/or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants identified, 2 cases (3.7%) had variants of unknown significance, and the remaining 15 cases (27.8%) had negative results. MAP2K1 variants were found in 12 samples, followed by KRAS (8), TEK (7), PTEN (5), BRAF (4), TSC2 (2), HRAS (2), RASA1 (2), and PDGFRB (1). Of note, four cases had two P/LP variants. Among the 37 positive cases, 32 cases had somatic alterations; the remaining 5 cases had at least one germline P/LP variant, including PTEN (4) and RASA1 (1). In summary, the diagnostic yield of cases with clinical indication of AVMs was 68.5% using our in-house DoSM NGS panel. This study demonstrates the clinical utility of the DoSM NGS panel testing in the evaluation of a cohort with clinical presentations of AVMs.
Magnitude and Histopathological Patterns of Liver Diseases among Forensic Autopsy Decedents at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar-es-salaam- Tanzania
Authors: Mlaga S M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Liver diseases are not infrequent. Majority of liver disorders proceed silently and manifests at later stages. To date no data has been published on the prevalence of liver diseases discovered during autopsy in our country and thus, occurrence and frequency of these diseases is not known. This work aimed at determining the prevalence and the histopathologic features ascribed to specific disease entities, utilizing the opportunity of autopsy cases.

Methods/Case Report
A prospective cross-sectional study, autopsy based was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital Histopathology Laboratory premises in which Medical-legal autopsies received at MNH mortuary facility with causes of death other than liver diseases were enrolled for the study. Demographic information and circumstance of death were established from respective forms. Gross appearance of the liver was recorded prior to sampling of the tissue for histopathological studies. The sampled tissue specimen were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formaline prior to grossing and processing. Special stains were use when deemed necessary for enhancing definitive diagnosis.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
This study recruited 253 forensic autopsy cases, in which majority were males 218(86%) and the mean apparent age at death was 36 +/- 12.98(SD) with the peak age group of the study participants was 26-35yrs 77(30.4%). Bulk of cases had fat change 83(32.8%), followed by steatohepatitis 37(14.6%), and granulomatous lesions 27(10.7%), of the 27, the majority 18 cases were specified as hepatic schistosomiasis 8(3.2%). +Combined infective lesions summed up to 34(13.4%) when suspects of viral hepatitis were added to granulomatous lesions. Majority of cases crowded in the younger age groups.

Conclusion
To the best of my knowledge, this study is the first of its kind in our region. It shows there are diverse and prevalent liver diseases afflicting younger forensic decedents estimating the odds among apparently healthy population in our setting.
Sudden Cardiac Death due to Giant Cell Myocarditis in a 37-Year-Old Female: Case Report
Authors: Nobee A , Yin J , Hassler J , Rong Y 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare and aggressive inflammatory process that targets the myocardium and is often rapidly fatal. Most cases have been reported in young to middle aged adults with a slight male predominance. The etiology of this disease is largely unknown, however there is an association with multiple autoimmune disorders. Most patients present with rapidly progressive or fulminant heart failure, arrhythmias, heart block or sudden cardiac death. The incidence of GCM ranges from 0.007% to 0.051% and most cases are confirmed on autopsy examination. Here we present a case of GCM in a young female diagnosed on autopsy.

Methods/Case Report
A 37-year-old female presented with shortness of breath and chest pain for a 5-day duration. She had no past medical history and was otherwise well before the onset of symptoms. On admission, she was noted to have clinical findings consistent with heart failure and progressed to cardiogenic shock with ventricular arrhythmias within hours. Despite high dose corticosteroids and other supportive therapy, the patient remained in refractory, vasodilatory shock, in cardiac standstill and eventually died. Findings on autopsy included mild ventricular hypertrophy, petechial hemorrhages through out the atria and ventricles, as well as pulmonary edema and congestion. Microscopic examination showed a diffuse infiltrating pattern of inflammation within the heart, that was composed predominantly of lymphocytes, giant cells, scattered neutrophils, and eosinophils. The lymphocytes were CD3, CD4, CD8 positive and CD20 negative, consistent with a T-cell infiltrate. Gram and GMS stains were negative for bacterial and fungal microorganisms. Focal areas of necrosis without granuloma formation are also noted ruling out sarcoidosis.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA.

Conclusion
This case demonstrates a rapid manifestation of GCM in a previously healthy individual. GCM must be considered in the differential diagnosis when a young patient presents with cardiac symptoms. Early diagnosis and initiation of targeted therapy is critical for GCM patients' survival.
Lewy Body Pathology and Alzheimer Disease in Down Syndrome
Authors: Movassaghi M , Lou J J , Wright S , Silva J , Leavy K , Kim R , Monuki E S , Perez-Rosendahl M , Head E , Yong W H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Aging adults with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer disease neuropathology (AD) by the age of 40 years, primarily due to the overexpression of the amyloid precursor protein on chromosome 21. Lewy bodies (LBs), containing alpha-synuclein protein, are observed in 7-60% of AD patients in the amygdala and in cortex. Prior DS studies (n=20-56 cases) find the frequency of LB pathology to range between 8-50% of cases being affected. We hypothesized that LB pathology would also be present in DS brain with similar locations and prevalence to AD. Thus, we evaluated the frequency of LB in our UCI cohort of DS cases that we have collected over the past 25 years.

Methods/Case Report
Neuropathology reports from 55 cases with DS from the UCI-ADRC were included in this study. Cases were stained for beta-amyloid, phosphor-tau, alpha-synuclein and TDP-43 as per NACC protocols (one case each v7,8,9 and three v11).

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
We identified 6 cases (10.9%), all male, with a mean age of 57 years (SD=3) that showed LB and/or Lewy neurites. LB pathology was classified as amygdala predominant in 3 cases, brainstem predominant in one, intermediate/transitional in one, and diffuse/neocortical in one. Five cases were BRAAK stage 6 and one was stage 5. Five cases had CERAD neuritic plaque score C and one case had a B score. Two of 3 cases were Thal phase 5, and one was phase 4. The case with diffuse/neocortical LB pathology demonstrated hippocampal sclerosis.

Conclusion
The observation that all our LB positive cases were male may reflect a sample bias. In our study, Lewy pathology was most common in amygdala but other sites of involvement are seen similar to a prior DS study and AD studies. Prior DS studies (n=20-56 cases) find the frequency of LB pathology to range between 8-50% of cases being affected. The prevalence of LB in our DS cohort (10.9%) is in the low end of the range seen in other DS and AD studies.
Lipoblastoma-like tumor of the vulva: A rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm mimicking myxoid liposarcoma
Authors: Surucu A , Warmke L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Lipoblastoma-like tumor of the vulva (LLTV) is a rare, benign mesenchymal neoplasm of adipocytic differentiation that typically presents as a vulvar mass in young women, clinically mimicking a Bartholin gland abnormality. The tumor is well-circumscribed and multilobulated, composed of mature adipocytes, uniloculated lipoblasts and bland spindle cells. Morphologic features often overlap with lipoblastoma, myxoid liposarcoma, and spindle cell lipoma; however, absent alterations of PLAG1 and HMGA2 distinguish it from lipoblastoma, and lack of DDIT3 gene rearrangement distinguishes it from myxoid liposarcoma. While Rb1 usually demonstrates a “mosaic” pattern of expression, no definitive evidence of a structural abnormality in 13q has been identified.

Methods/Case Report
A 24-year-old female presented with mild discomfort and persistent swelling of the right vulva for one year, which was initially thought to be a Bartholin gland cyst. Physical examination revealed marked asymmetry between the right and left vulva, and ultrasound examination revealed an ovoid, hypoechoic, and solid- appearing vulvar mass (4.7 x 2.5 x 1.1 cm). She subsequently underwent excision of the vulvar mass for diagnosis and treatment.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
The excision specimen showed a relatively well-circumscribed and multi-lobulated subcutaneous mass with myxoid stroma and thin fibrous septa. The tumor was composed of a mixture of bland spindle cells, uniloculated lipoblasts and mature adipocytes. No significant nuclear atypia, necrosis or mitotic activity was identified. Immunohistochemical stains showed that the tumor cells were negative for keratin cocktail, S100 protein, SMA, and Desmin. CD34 highlighted vessels within the lesion, and Rb1 showed a "mosaic" pattern of weak and negative expression.

Conclusion
Lipoblastoma-like tumor of the vulva (LLTV) is a rare, benign tumor that tends to occur in young women, often clinically mimicking a Bartholin gland cyst. Recognition of this rare entity with distinction from mimics including myxoid liposarcoma is essential to avoid overly aggressive treatment. Complete conservative excision is recommended.
Penile Ewing's Sarcoma - A Rare Entity
Authors: kaur J , Banerjee N 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Ewing sarcoma is a cancer involving the bones or the tissue around bones. It is the second most common malignant bone tumour comprising 10-15% of all primary bone tumours, most commonly affecting children and young adults. It can also be seen in adults also. Males are more commonly affected then females. Any bone can be affected but the lower extremity, the pelvis, upper extremity, axial skeleton and ribs, and face cases. Similar histology tumours when seen in soft tissue are peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (pPNET), neuroepithelioma, and Askin tumour. It is always difficult to know the primary site when soft tissues are involved as it can be infiltration from bone or from soft tissue to bone. Penis is least common site involved with Ewing’s sarcoma in young male.

Methods/Case Report
This is a case report of a 22 year old male with penile lesion. He presented with the chief complaints of mass at the shaft of penis. The partial penectomy specimen was received along with the bilateral inguinal lymph node. On gross there was a ulcero-proliferative growth.

Results (if a Case Study Enter NA)
On histopathological examination showed small blue round cell tumour and further immunohistochemistry with CD99 and NKX2.2 revealed the diagnosis of Ewing’s sarcoma, however lymph nodes showed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.

Conclusion
The Ewing sarcoma at the penile region is rarest entity. Only 7 cases are reported worldwide. The imaging modalities like CT or MRI can be used to know the extension. The diagnosis is primarily based on morphological features, immunohistochemical analysis and translocation analysis. However it is important to find out if any other soft tissue site is involved. The important prognostic markers are presence and absence of metastasis, size of tumour, necrosis and presence of fusion transcripts.