bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Pre-therapeutic 18F-FDG PET/CT in Pediatric Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis With Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Authors: Lu Xia , Wei Ang , Yang Xu , Liu Jun , Li Siqi , Kan Ying , Wang Wei , Wang Tianyou , Zhang Rui , Yang Jigang 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of pre-therapeutic 18F-FDG PET/CT in pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.MethodsThis retrospective study included 29 HLH children (1–16 years) with EBV infection, who underwent pre-therapeutic 18F-FDG PET/CT from July 2018 to November 2020. Pathology results were considered as the reference standard. These patients were divided into two groups: EBV-induced malignancy-associated HLH (M-HLH, N = 9) and EBV-induced non-malignancy-associated HLH (NM-HLH, N = 20). The regions of interest (ROIs) of the liver, spleen (Sp), bone marrow (BM), lymph nodes (LN), hypermetabolic lesions, liver background (LiBG), and mediastinum (M) were drawn with software 3D-Slicer. The volumetric and metabolic parameters, including maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis of these ROIs, clinical parameters, and laboratory parameters were compared between the two groups. The efficiency of the above parameters in predicting the treatment response and overall survival (OS) was analyzed.ResultsReceiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that SUVmax-lesions and SUVmax-LN/M (AUC = 0.822, 0.819, cut-off = 6.04, 5.74, respectively) performed better in differentiating M-HLH from NM-HLH. It had the best diagnostic performance when age was added with the SUVmax-LN/M (AUC = 0.933, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 85.0%). The presence of extranodal hypermetabolic lesions in multiple organs indicated the M-HLH (P = 0.022). Older age, higher SUVmax-LN and SUVmax-lesions, and the presence of serous effusion were associated with poorer treatment response at the 2nd and 4th week (not reaching partial remission). Multivariate analysis showed that SUVmax-lesions &gt; 7.66 and SUVmax-Sp/LiBG &gt; 2.01 were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (P = 0.025, 0.036, respectively).Conclusions18F-FDG PET/CT could be a valuable technique for identifying the underlying malignancy and predicting prognosis in pediatric HLH with EBV infection. M-HLH could be considered when SUVmax-lesions &gt; 6.04, SUVmax-LN/M &gt; 5.74, and the presence of extranodal hypermetabolic lesions in multiple organs on 18F-FDG PET/CT. SUVmax-lesions and SUVmax-Sp/LiBG might be independent prognostic factors for OS.
Toll-Like Receptors Serve as Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis and Prognosis Assessment of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma by Influencing the Immune Microenvironment: Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis Combined With Experimental Validation
Authors: Zou Xiong , Guo Bingqian , Ling Qiang , Mo Zengnan 
Published: January 2022

Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important initiators of innate and acquired immune responses. However, its role in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains unclear.Methods: TLRs and their relationships with KIRC were studied in detail by ONCOMINE, UALCAN, GEPIA, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, FunRich, LinkedOmics, TIMER and TRRUST. Moreover, we used clinical samples to verify the expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in early stage of KIRC by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), flow cytometry (FC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: The expression levels of TLRs in KIRC were generally different compared with adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, the expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 elevated significantly in the early stage of KIRC. Overexpressions of TLR1, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR8 in KIRC patients were associated with longer overall survival (OS), while inhibition of TLR9 expression was related to longer OS. Additionally, overexpressions of TLR1, TLR3 and TLR4 in KIRC patients were associated with longer disease free survival (DFS). There were general genetic alterations and obvious co-expression correlation of TLRs in KIRC. The PPI network between TLRs was rather complex, and the key gene connecting the TLRs interaction was MYD88. The GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that TLRs were closely related to adaptive immunity, innate immunity and other immune-related processes. RELA, NFKB1, IRF8, IRF3 and HIF1A were key transcription factors regulating the expressions of TLRs. What’s more, the expression levels of all TLRs in KIRC were positively correlated with the infiltration levels of dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Finally, the results of RT-qPCR, FC and IHC confirmed that TLR3 and TLR4 were significantly elevated in the early stage of KIRC.Conclusion: The occurrence and development of KIRC are closely related to TLRs, and TLRs have the potential to be early diagnostic biomarkers of KIRC and biomarkers for judging the prognosis and immune status of KIRC. This study may provide new insights into the selection of KIRC immunotherapy targets.
Nomograms Incorporating the CNLC Staging System Predict the Outcome of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Resection
Authors: Liao Rui , Wei Xu-Fu , Che Ping , Yin Kun-Li , Liu Lei 
Published: January 2022

PurposePrediction models of postoperative outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery based on the China liver cancer (CNLC) staging system are rare. This study aimed to compare the prognostic abilities of CNLC, Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) 8th edition, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging systems for HCC after curative resection. We developed two nomograms incorporating the CNLC staging system to predict the postoperative recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of HCC patients.Patients and methodsThe prognostic abilities of the CNLC, TNM and BCLC staging systems for HCC after curative resection were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Two nomograms incorporating five selected risk factors were constructed based on multivariate Cox regression in the primary cohort of 312 HCC patients. It was validated with an independent validation cohort of 130 HCC patients. The predictive performance and discrimination ability of the two nomograms were further evaluated and compared with those of the TNM and BCLC staging systems.ResultsThe CNLC staging system had a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) value for both OS (AUC=0.692) and RFS (AUC=0.673) than the TNM (ROC=0.667 for OS and 0.652 for RFS) and BCLC (ROC=0.671 for OS and 0.670 for RFS) staging systems. The independent predictors of OS (cirrhosis, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), tumor differentiation and CNLC staging system) and RFS (α-fetoprotein (AFP) and CNLC staging system) were incorporated into the two nomograms. The OS and RFS nomograms consistently outperformed the TNM and BCLC staging systems in the primary cohort. These results were verified in the validation cohort. In the 442 patients with HCC, the RFS nomogram could predict early recurrence very well.ConclusionThe two proposed nomograms incorporating the CNLC staging system can predict the outcomes of patients with HCC after curative hepatectomy in clinical practice.
Spontaneous Activity of CB2 Receptors Attenuates Stress-Induced Behavioral and Neuroplastic Deficits in Male Mice
Authors: Ribeiro Melissa A. , Aguiar Rafael P. , Scarante Franciele F. , Fusse Eduardo J. , de Oliveira Rubia M. W. , Guimaraes Francisco S. , Campos Alline C 
Published: January 2022

The monoaminergic theory of depression/anxiety disorders cannot fully explain the behavioral and neuroplastic changes observed after ADs chronic treatment. Endocannabinoid system, which comprises CB2 receptors, has been associated with the chronic effects of these drugs, especially in stressed mice. CB2-KO mice display more vulnerability to stressful stimuli. In the present study, we hypothesized that the behavioral and neuroplastic effects observed after repeated treatment with the AD escitalopram (Esc) in chronically stressed mice depend on CB2 receptor signaling. Male mice submitted to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm (21 days) were treated daily with AM630 (0.01; 0.03 or 0.3 mg/kg, i.p) a CB2 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist. At e 19th day of the CUS protocol, mice were submitted to Open field test and Tail-suspension test to evaluate antidepressant-like behavior. At the end of the stress protocol, mice were submitted to Novel Suppressed Feeding test (day 22nd) to evaluate anxiety-like behavior. In a second series of experiments, male mice treated with Esc (10 mg/kg, daily, 21 days) in the presence or not of AM630 (0.30 mg/kg) were submitted to the same round of behavioral tests in the same conditions as performed in the dose-response curve protocol. Animals were then euthanized under deep anesthesia, and their brains/hippocampi removed for immunohistochemistry (Doublecortin-DCX) or Western Blot assay. Our results demonstrated that chronic treatment with AM630, a CB2 antagonist/inverse agonist, induces anxiolytic-like effects in stressed mice. Moreover, chronic reduction of CB2 receptor endogenous activity by AM630 attenuated the neuroplastic (potentiating stress-induced decreased expression of pro-BDNF, but enhanced pmTOR and DAGL expression in the hippocampus reduced in stressed mice), the antidepressant- but not the anxiolytic-like effects of Esc. AM630 alone or in combination with Esc decreased the expression of DCX + cell in both the subgranular and granular layers of the dentate gyrus (DG), indicating a general reduction of DCX + neuroblasts and a decrease in their migration through the DG layers. We suggest that the antidepressant-like behavior and the pro-neurogenic effect, but not the anxiolytic like behavior, promoted by Esc in stressed mice are, at least in part, mediated by CB2 receptors.
Association Between the Coronary Sinus Ostial Size and Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Ding Lei , Weng Sixian , Zhai Zhengqin , Zhou Bin , Qi Yingjie , Yu Fengyuan , Zhang Hongda , Zhang Shu , Tang Min 
Published: January 2022

AimsThe incidence of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is higher in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients than in the general population. AVNRT is reportedly associated with a larger coronary sinus (CS) ostium (CSo). However, the correlation between AVNRT and CSo size in PAH patients is poorly investigated. We aimed to investigate the impact of CSo size on AVNRT and identify its risk factors in PAH.Methods and ResultsOf 102 PAH patients with catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), twelve with a confirmed AVNRT diagnosis who underwent computed tomographic angiography were retrospectively enrolled as the study group. The control group (PAH without SVT, n = 24) was matched for sex and BMI at a 2:1 ratio. All baseline and imaging data were collected. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was not significantly different between the two groups (65.3 ± 16.8 vs. 64.5 ± 17.6 mmHg, P = 0.328). PAH patients with AVNRT were older (45.9 ± 14.8 vs. 32.1 ± 7.6 years, P = 0.025), had a larger right atrial volume (224.4 ± 129.6 vs. 165.3 ± 71.7 cm3, P = 0.044), larger CSo in the left anterior oblique (LAO) plane (18.6 ± 3.3 vs. 14.8 ± 4.0 mm, P = 0.011), and larger CSo surface area (2.08 ± 1.35 vs. 1.45 ± 0.73 cm2, P = 0.039) and were more likely to have a windsock-shape CS (75% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.001) than those without AVNRT. A linear correlation was shown between CSo diameter in the LAO-plane and the atrial fractionation of the ablation target for AVNRT (R2 = 0.622, P = 0.012).ConclusionAnatomical dilation of the CSo is a risk factor for AVNRT development in patients with PAH.
Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing vs. Traditional Microbiological Tests for Diagnosing Varicella-Zoster Virus Central Nervous System Infection
Authors: Zhu Yunqi , Xu Miaomiao , Ding Chengyuan , Peng Zhihang , Wang Weixiao , Sun Binghu , Cheng Jian , Chen Chen , Chen Wei , Wei Hongxia , Hu Zhiliang 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundUnbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) detects pathogens in a target-independent manner. It is not well-understood whether mNGS has comparable sensitivity to target-dependent nucleic acid test for pathogen identification.MethodsThis study included 31 patients with chickenpox and neurological symptoms for screening of possible varicella-zoster virus (VZV) central nervous system (CNS) infection. Microbiological diagnosing of VZV cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection was performed on stored CSF samples using mNGS, quantitative and qualitative VZV-specific PCR assays, and VZV IgM antibodies test.ResultsThe median age was 30.0 [interquartile range (IQR), 24.3–33.3] years. 51.6% of the patients were men. About 80.6% of the patients had normal CSF white blood cell counts (≤ 5 × 106/L). VZV IgM antibodies presented in 16.1% of the CSF samples, and nucleic acids were detectable in 16.1 and 9.7% using two different VZV-specific real-time PCR protocols. Intriguingly, maximal identification of VZV elements was achieved by CSF mNGS (p = 0.001 and p = 007; compared with qualitative PCR and VZV IgM antibody test, respectively), with sequence reads of VZV being reported in 51.6% (16/31) of the CSF samples. All VZV PCR positive samples were positive when analyzed by mNGS. Of note, human betaherpesvirus 6A with clinical significance was unexpectedly detected in one CSF sample.ConclusionsOur study suggests that CSF mNGS may have higher sensitivity for VZV detection than CSF VZV PCR and antibody tests, and has the advantage of identifying unexpected pathogens.
Research on the Role of Marriage Status Among Women Underwent Breast Reconstruction Following Mastectomy: A Competing Risk Analysis Model Based on the SEER Database, 1998–2015
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Yang Zejian , Qiu Pei , Li Juan , Zhou Can 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundMarital status is an important foundation of social public relations in modern society, but little is known about the role of marriage status among women who underwent breast reconstruction following mastectomy. This research mainly aimed to investigate the prognostic value of marital status in breast cancer women who underwent breast reconstruction.MethodsThe demographic and clinical data of patients were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database. The eligible population was assessed on overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and breast cancer-specific death (BCSD) through propensity score matching (PSM) method, multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis, competing risk model analysis, multivariate competing risk regression model analysis, and subgroup analysis.ResultsOf the 54,683 women included in the current study, a total of 38,110 participants were married patients (married group), and 16,573 participants were unmarried patients (unmarried group). Patients in the married group tended to have better OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.397, 95% CI: 1.319–1.479, p &lt; 0.001), BCSS (HR = 1.332, 95% CI: 1.244–1.426, p &lt; 0.001), cumulative BCSD incidence (Gray's test, p &lt; 0.001), and other causes-specific death (OCSD) incidence (Gray's test, p &lt; 0.001) than those in the unmarried group. In subgroup analysis, subjects with HR+/HER2– subtype breast cancer in the married group showed improved OS (1.589, 95% CI: 1.363–1.854, p &lt; 0.001) and BCSS (HR = 1.512, 95% CI: 1.255–1.82, p &lt; 0.001) than those in the unmarried group.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that the inexistence of marriage was associated with poorer OS and BCSS, especially for HR+/HER2– breast cancer women who underwent breast reconstruction.
Study on the Effect of Quasi-Radical Lesion Resection on the Quality of Life of Patients With Advanced Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis
Authors: A Jide , Chai Jinping , Guo Wenlu , Zhao Shunyun , Wang Hao , A Xiangren , Yang Jinyu 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze the effects of radical lesion resection and quasi radical lesion resection on the quality of life of patients with advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.MethodsThrough the existing HIS system of Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, 104 patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2017 and completed the quality of life questionnaire were selected as the research objects. The above cases were divided into radical group (n = 51) and quasi-radical group (n = 53) according to different surgical methods (degree of radical cure). The quality of life of patients with hydatidosis was measured by interview or telephone follow-up. The preoperative indexes, intraoperative conditions and postoperative recovery indicators of the two groups were observed, such as Child-Puhg grade, PNM classification, scope of hepatectomy, intraoperative bleeding, Clavien grade, incidence of complications, 5-year recurrence rate and total score of quality of life and so on.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in general data such as age, gender, hydatid size, Child-Puhg grade and preoperative liver function (P &gt; 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in PNM classification between the two groups (P &lt; 0.05). There were significant differences in intraoperative bleeding, postoperative liver function recovery, Clavien grade of complication severity and 5-year recurrence rate between the two groups (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative quality of life between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionFor patients with advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis whose objective cannot be achieved by conventional hepatectomy, quasi-radical resection of the lesion can not only reduce the risk and difficulty of surgery, but also the quality of life of the patients may be as good as that of radical resection.
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER FROM POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE (PEM)
Authors: Тарамов Ю. Х. , Ахъядов Р. И. , Эльмурзаев А. А. 
Published: January 2022

В современном мире с ростом населения и уровня жизни потребление энергии постепенно увеличивается. Наряду с этим, с усилением глобального потепления и загрязнения окружающей среды становится все более важным развитие альтернативных источников энергии. Одним из таких источников глобальной энергии является водород. Водород является одним из наиболее многообещающих экологически чистых и устойчивых энергоносителей, и в качестве побочного продукта он выделяет только воду, без каких-либо выбросов углерода. Неуклонно растущие глобальные потребности в энергии и ограниченные запасы ископаемого топлива вместе с устойчивостью и воздействием на окружающую среду требуют разработки новых энергетических подходов без каких-либо выбросов углерода и негативных веществ. Среди многих методов производства водорода экологически чистый водород высокой чистоты (99,9%) можно получить путем электролиза воды для получения чистого водорода и кислорода.
In the modern world, with the growth of population and living standards, energy consumption is gradually increasing. Along with this, with the increase in global warming and environmental pollution, the development of alternative energy sources becomes more and more important. Hydrogen is one such source of global energy. Hydrogen is one of the most promising green and sustainable energy sources, and it releases only water as a by-product without any carbon emissions. The steadily growing global energy demand and limited fossil fuel reserves, together with sustainability and environmental impact, require the development of new energy approaches without any carbon and negative substances. Among the many methods of hydrogen production, environmentally friendly high purity hydrogen (99.9%) can be obtained by electrolysis of water to produce pure hydrogen and oxygen.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF STUDENTS ETHNOCULTURAL COMPETENCE FORMATION IN PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Базаева Ф. У. 
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются методологические вопросы формирования этнокультурной компетентности будущих педагогов, подчеркивается роль системы образования в этнокультурном воспитании подрастающего поколения, обосновывается актуальность этнокультурного подхода в образовании в современных условиях. Проводится анализ структуры и содержания понятия этнокультурной компетентности, рассматриваются различные аспекты и виды этнокультурной компетентности, анализируются требования к этнокультурной компетентности с точки зрения профессиональной готовности педагога. Особое внимание уделяется понятию этнического самосознания, рассматриваемого в качестве основного показателя сформированности этнокультурной компетентности. Перечислены основные принципы педагогической работы по развитию этнического самосознания и формированию этнокультурной компетентности студентов педагогических вузов, описаны направления учебно-воспитательной работы и условия ее эффективности.
The article examines the methodological issues of the formation of the ethnocultural competence of future teachers, emphasizes the role of the education system in the ethnocultural education of the younger generation, substantiates the relevance of the ethnocultural approach to education in modern conditions. The analysis of the structure and content of the concept of ethnocultural competence is carried out, various aspects and types of ethnocultural competence are considered, the requirements for ethnocultural competence are analyzed from the point of view of the teacher’s professional readiness. Special attention is paid to the concept of ethnic self-awareness, considered as the main indicator of the formation of ethnocultural competence. The main principles of pedagogical work on the development of ethnic self-awareness and the formation of ethnocultural competence of students of pedagogical universities are listed, directions of educational work and the conditions for its effectiveness are described.
THE IMPACT OF CORONACRISIS ON THE SECTOR OF MICRO-, SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
Authors: Абуев А. И. , Барзаева М. А. 
Published: January 2022

В сложившихся на сегодняшний момент времени условиях пандемии в экономической среде наиболее подвержены негативному проявлению кризиса предприятия малого и среднего бизнеса. Государственная поддержка охватывает все сферы его функционирования, выступая надежным гарантом реализации его социально-экономической значимости в формировании здоровой экономической среды. К сожалению, при выполнении функции самостоятельного ведения бизнеса микро-, малые и средние предприятия (ММСП далее) сталкиваются со множеством проблем. Нередко в числе основных проблем системы регулирования ММСП в России указывают на низкий уровень финансирования, проблемы регулирования нормативно-правового характера, уровень коррумпированности региональных и федеральных чиновников, нехватку знаний в сфере ведения бизнеса и ряд других. Тем не менее, как показывает опыт, ММСП является действенным механизмом ключевых преобразований не только региональных экономик, но и мировой экономики в целом.
Under the current conditions of a pandemic in the economic environment, small and medium-sized businesses are most susceptible to the negative manifestation of the crisis. State support covers all spheres of its functioning, acting as a reliable guarantor of the implementation of its socio-economic significance in the formation of a healthy economic environment.Unfortunately, micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs hereinafter) face many challenges when performing the function of self-running business. Often, among the main problems of the MSME regulation system in Russia, they point out the low level of funding, regulatory problems, the level of corruption of regional and federal officials, a lack of knowledge in the field of starting a business, and a number of others.Nevertheless, experience shows that MSMEs are an effective mechanism for key transformations not only of regional economies, but also of the global economy as a whole.