bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Sensing of Breast Cancer Biomarkers: Engineering Glucose Dehydrogenase As an Estrogenic Regulated Protein
Authors: Cai Rong , Ajo-Franklin Caroline 
Published: November 2022

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Approximately 50% of mortalities arise from estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors.[1] The major therapeutics for breast cancer are estrogen antagonists, like tamoxifen. Closely monitoring the antagonist in a patient would increase the efficacy of endocrine therapeutics while alleviating side effects during treatment. However, existing methods such as routine immunohistochemistry cannot effectively monitor estrogen antagonists because of their low throughput and high cost. To address these issues, we have devised a bioelectronic sensor of estrogen antagonists by grafting ER to the point of care (POC) glucometer.
Glucometers use a test strip containing glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), an enzyme that reacts with glucose in blood droplets and generates electric signals. To obtain an estrogenic regulated GDH, we inserted the ligand-binding domain of ER at all the 456 amino acids of the GDH. More than 7000 colonies were screened to identify the allosteric insertion sites globally. We find that the estrogenic regulated GDH can electrochemically detect a series of ER modulators as low as 1 nM with ≥40% dynamic range. Successful engineering of the classical glucose dehydrogenase yields a self-power antagonist sensor and establishes a platform for designing personalized diagnostics in a POC fashion.
[1] Torre, Lindsey A., et al. "Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018." CA: a cancer journal for clinicians 68.4 (2018): 284-296.
(Digital Presentation) Point-of-Care Diagnostic Device for Na/K Urinalysis
Authors: Frazier Kelvin M. , Bender Brian F. , Julien Glynis 
Published: November 2022

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports 47% of adults in the United States have hypertension [1]. Dietary risks constitute the largest disease risk factor in the US [2], whereby the largest single contributor to that risk is high dietary sodium intake [3].The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that individuals reduce sodium (Na) and increase potassium (K) intake to lower blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health [4,5]. Emerging research has shown that urinary Na/K ratio is more strongly related to blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and stroke than Na and K considered separately [6]. Urine Na guided dietary guidance enhances the ability to monitor sodium reduction and blood pressure [7]. Manual collection for chronic urine testing is too burdensome a process for practical everyday use. We have developed an accurate biosensor capable of being easily integrated into users’ daily routine for real-time and fully automated longitudinal Na/K analysis.
Reference
[1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2021),https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm#:~
:text=Nearly%20half%20of%20adults%20in,are%20taking%20medication%20for%20hypertension.
[2] The US Burden of Disease Collaborators; A.H., Mokdad, JAMA, 319(14),1444-1472 (2018).
[3] GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators, The Lancet, 393(10184), 1958-1972 (2019).
[4] WHO Guideline Sodium intake for adults and children. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); 2012.
[5] WHO Guideline Potassium intake for adults and children. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); 2012.
[6] T. Iwahori; K. Miura; H. Ueshima; S. Tanaka-Mizuno; Q. Chan; H. Arima; A. R. Dyer; P. Elliott; J. Stamler, Hypertens Res, 42(10), 1590-1598 (2019).
[7] T. Takada; M. Imamoto; S. Sasaki; T. Azuma; J. Miyashita; M. Hayashi; S. Fukuma; S. Fukuhara, Hypertens Res, 41(7), 524-530 (2018).
Figure 1 (A) Urinalysis system installed in a urinal that can catch a stream of urine in real-time. (B) Biosensor cyclic voltammetry curve of human urine.

Figure 1
(Digital Presentation) Rapid and Oxygen-Insensitive Electrochemical Immunoassay for Detection and Staging of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mandal Tanushree , Dhanapalamudiyanselage Lasangi , Rusling James , Leech Donal 
Published: November 2022

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men diagnosed worldwide. The conventional non-invasive test for detection and staging of prostate cancer include prostate specific antigen (PSA) test which often can give false positives and is unable to distinguish between aggressive and indolent stages of PCa. This results in doing unnecessary invasive tests like digital rectal examination (DRE), biopsy etc., which only gives further anxiety to patients. Here we describe a rapid and oxygen-insensitive microfluidic immunoassay for on-line capture and precise detection of potential prostate cancer protein biomarkers. Measurement of a panel of biomarkers will help in not only diagnosing the PCa precisely but may also help in staging the cancer.
The microfluidic system includes protein capture from serum using a sandwich ELISA arrangement and signal-transducing poly-horseradish peroxidase (poly-HRP) enzyme labels on an 8-electrode screen-printed carbon array. A major challenge in using these screen-printed electrode arrays is the estimation of the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of electrodes because the current signal is proportional to ECSA and variability in the electrode surface areas generate variability in the corresponding currents. We show that normalization of electrode responses having different surface areas can be achieved using in-situ experimental methods and that the normalization methods can improve the precision of the immunoassay. Another challenge in electrochemical immunoassay systems is the interference of oxygen using the mediator hydroquinone1. A range of osmium polypyridyl complexes were studied to find the best mediator that is not affected by oxygen.
Using an optimized mediator and a simple method to estimate carbon electrode surface area, immunoassays can be designed with improved detection characteristics.
(1) Dhanapala, L.; Jones, A. L.; Czarnecki, P.; Rusling, J. F. Sub-Zeptomole Detection of Biomarker Proteins Using a Microfluidic Immunoarray with Nanostructured Sensors. Anal. Chem.
2020, 92 (12), 8021–8025. ttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01507.
(Digital Presentation) Bismuth and Transition Metal-Doped Bismuth Nanoparticles As Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Zheng Weiran , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk 
Published: November 2022

Current non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensors rely heavily on transition metal-based nanomaterials, such as Pt, Ni, Co, and Cu, for molecule adsorption and charge transfer. Although high performance (sensitivity and selectivity) was usually demonstrated, these elements are generally toxic, making them less applicable for wearable/in vivo sensors.
Two general strategies are approached to address such drawbacks: minimizing their usage without sacrificing the activity and searching for other elements with lower toxicity. In this study, we demonstrated that the overlooked bismuth nanoparticles (NPs) could be used for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensing with comparable performance [1]. Using a laser ablation approach (see Figure 1A), stabilizer-free Bi NPs (~10 nm diameter) were prepared, showing amperometric sensitivity of 127 µA mM−1 cm−2. The synthesis approach also enabled the one-step surface doping of the Bi NPs, producing Ni and Co-doped Bi NPs with an atomic doping ratio of ~10%, and led to further sensitivity boost to 677 and 2326 µA mM−1 cm−2 (see Figure 1B). Kinetic analysis revealed that the oxidation of Bi(III) to Bi(V) species was the key to enabling glucose electrooxidation on Bi NPs. Such results demonstrate the vast potential of the overlooked bismuth in electrochemical biosensing.

Figure 1 (A) Top: illustration of the laser ablation approach of preparing Bi and metal-doped Bi NPs; Bottom: TEM images of as-prepared Bi NPs and Co-Bi NPs; (B) Amperometric correlation between glucose concentration and the current density using Bi NPs and Co-Bi NPs as sensors.

Reference:

Zheng, W.; Li, Y.; Lee, L. Y. S., Bismuth and metal-doped bismuth nanoparticles produced by laser ablation for electrochemical glucose sensing, Sens. Actuators, B
2022, 357, 131334.

Figure 1
Hydrogen Sensor with 3D Printed BaCe0.6Zr0.3Y0.1O3-α electrolyte for High-Temperature Applications
Authors: Hinojo Antonio , Lujan Enric Lujan , Colominas Sergi , Abella Jordi 
Published: November 2022

Fusion energy is considered a promising source of energy for the near future. The most efficient reaction for that purpose is the fusion of deuterium and tritium, two hydrogen isotopes, to release helium, neutrons and energy. To assure the correct operation of this technology, new online devices able to monitor hydrogen isotopes will be required.
Electrochemical sensors based on solid-state proton conductor ceramics can be used for that purpose. These materials have attracted significant interest because of their chemical and physical durability, especially at elevated temperatures. These electrolytes are perovskite-type materials with electrical carriers, positive holes, excess electrons and oxide ion vacancies. In previous work [1], amperometric hydrogen sensors based on BaCe0.6Zr0.3Y0.1O3-α (BCZY) electrolyte have been developed and tested in hydrogen atmospheres obtaining good results. These prototypes were constructed using 13 mm BCZY disks obtained by uniaxial pressure.
In the present work, hydrogen sensors based on BCZY were constructed and evaluated in amperometric mode. The BCZY powder was disk-shaped using uniaxial pressure and 3D printing. Sensors were constructed as follows: first, sintered disks were platinized using platinum ink. Then, disks were sealed with a glass binder to alumina tubes. This way, the external face of the disk acted as a working electrode (WE) and the inner part of the sensor as a counter electrode (CE). 3D printed disks were fabricated using a Delta WASP 2040 ceramic 3D printer. For that, the ceramic powder was mixed with PEG400 and water until a viscous paste was obtained. Once green bodies were dried, they were heated for debinding and sintering using an optimized thermal program to reduce porosity. XRD (for crystallographic phases) and SEM (for microstructural defects and sintering) were used for the 3D printed and uniaxial pressed sintered disks characterization. The amperometric response of sensors constructed with both electrolytes (the uniaxially pressed and the 3D printed disks) was compared.
[1] A. Hinojo, I. Soriano, J. Abellà, S. Colominas, Evaluation of High-Temperature Hydrogen Sensors Based on BaCe0.6Zr0.3Y0.1O3-α and Sr(Ce0.9Zr0.1)0.95Yb0.05O3-α Perovskites for Industrial Applications, Sensors. 20 (2020) 7258. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247258.
Electrochemical Sensing of Cortisol in Human Saliva and Serum Using DNA-Steroid Conjugation with a Versatile DNA Nanostructure Sensor
Authors: Gurukandure Asanka , Ortiz Kacey G. , Karimov Rashad R. , Easley Christopher J. 
Published: November 2022

Having a generalizable point of care (POC) method for clinically relevant biomolecules would greatly enhance healthcare management and disease diagnosis. Recently our group developed a novel DNA nanostructure architecture for versatile detection of analytes which is generalizable for assaying several small molecules and their larger protein binding partners (e.g. antibodies) in human serum. The DNA nanostructure is built through on-electrode enzymatic ligation of three oligos for electrode attachment, anchor binding, and electrochemical signaling. In this study, we developed an economical synthetic approach for making oligonucleotide-steroid conjugates, and we explored the capability of these DNA nanostructure sensors for small molecule/steroid detection.
Cortisol is a steroid hormone secreted by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in response to the body’s stress level. As the main stress hormone, it controls processes such as immune, adrenal, circulatory, and metabolic. Moreover, anomalies of cortisol levels can result in serious conditions such as Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome, and adrenal insufficiencies. Every year, 120,000 deaths are attributed, in part, to elevated levels of stress. To minimize these issues, a simplified method for cortisol sensing is vital. In this study, we conjugated cortisol to amine-tagged DNA and used the conjugates in our sensors. Anti-cortisol antibodies induced a 67% signal drop, validating conjugation. A calibration curve for cortisol showed a limit of detection of 800 pM and a dynamic range of 1 – 100 nM. The sensor was validated in saliva and human serum samples using the gold standard method, ELISA. Changing cortisol levels in two human patients' saliva samples were successfully detected after several collection times throughout a single day. As a potential point-of-care (POC) detection device, our novel cortisol biosensor could detect the hormone in human serum and saliva samples within 6 minutes.
(Digital Presentation) Fully Integrated Strain-Neutralized 2D Transistors
Authors: Williams Chris , Ameri Shideh Kabiri 
Published: November 2022

As performant and well-established as conventional silicon-based electronics have become, the era of wearable electronics and the Internet-of-Things has created a demand for robust electronic devices that can conform to the surfaces of the human body. Whereas the mechanical mismatch between rigid silicon electronics and the human body represents a fundamental limit to conventional non-invasive health sensing, wearable electronics and electrodes that can conform to the microscopic features of the skin1,2 can circumvent most of the motion artifacts inherent to conventional, rigid sensing devices, and facilitate continuous health monitoring as is required for modern, more proactive healthcare. Unfortunately, without addressing this fundamental mechanical incompatibility, devices that leverage the high density of transistors available in rigid silicon-based integrated circuits are handicapped by how well they can maintain contact with the body, and consequently are prone to failure at the sensor-circuit interface.
The extraordinary properties of two-dimensional materials pose a unique opportunity for addressing this mechanical mismatch. Their unusual mechanical strength combined with their ultimate thinness, optical transparency, and favorable electronic transport properties3 makes them ideal candidates for the next generation of highly conformable wearable electronics free of the constraints of a rigid silicon circuit board—however, minimizing local strain in the vicinity of the active devices to ensure reliable operation remains a priority. Using a design informed by finite element method (FEM) simulations, our proposed strain-neutralizing 2D transistors are configured to resist applied strains on the order of the 30% strains human skin can withstand by redistributing strain away from active regions. Tight binding simulations of the transistor channels helps with further compensation of residual strain in the active regions, alongside careful consideration of materials and device architecture during fabrication. Together, these considerations help realize the possibility of fully integrated strain-neutralized 2D transistors compatible with state-of-the-art conformable wearable sensors.
[1]S. Kabiri Ameri et al., “Graphene electronic tattoo sensors,” ACS Nano, 11, 7634–7641, 2017.
[2] S. Kabiri Ameri et al., “Imperceptible electrooculography graphene sensor system for human–robot interface”, npj 2D Materials and Applications, 2, 1-7, 2018.
[3] A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 109–162, Jan. 2009, doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109.
(Digital Presentation) Non-Enzymatic Lactose Sensor Based on Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Modified Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrode
Authors: Jamal Mamun 
Published: November 2022

Lactose (LAC) is the main sugar found mostly in milk and dairy products. LAC content is an important indication of milk quality and health issues in the food business as well as in human and animal health. The development of biosensors for lactose detection has received a lot of attention over the last 20 years due to its importance in the agricultural and healthcare industries [1-3].
In this work, an enzyme-free lactose sensor has been developed using a carbon fiber cloth electrode modified with NiO nanoparticles (NiO/CFC). At first, Ni(OH)2 precursor of NiO nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the surface of CFC by applying a constant potential of -1.0V in an electrochemical cell containing 6 mM Ni(NO3)2·6H2O solution where CFC was used as a working, Ag/AgCl (3M KCl) as reference and Pt wire as a counter electrode. Then the electrode was calcined at 100 ℃ in the presence of oxygen for 1 hr. For the confirmation of the growth of NiO nanoparticles on CFC, morphology and chemical composition of the electrode was characterized using SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of NiO/CFC were investigated by applying Cyclic Voltammetry, and amperometry in a 0.1M NaOH solution. NiO/CFC exhibits a fast reaction time of less than 5 s with a linear relationship of 0.5 to 3.5 mM (R2 = 0.97) at an applied voltage of +0.65 V (Fig. 1). The sensitivity was found to be 1.73 mA/mM/cm2 with a detection limit of 227 µM. The interference test of the electrode was performed in glucose, ascorbic acid, and uric acid solutions, which indicated insignificant current responses compare to lactose. As a result, it provides a sensitive, simple, and rapid amperometric sensor, which opens the way to developing an enzyme-free sensing platform to detect lactose in milk.

Acknowledgments

Ministry of Science and Technology of Bangladesh (special allocation 2021-22) for funding this research.

References

G. Halpin et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2022, 169, 037528.

M. Jamal et al., Sci. Rep., 2019, 9, 4659.

J. Islam et al., PLoS ONE, 2021 16(3), e0248142.

Fig. 1. Amperometric current response of the NiO/CFC electrode to sequential additions of lactose ranging from 1 to 3.5 mM into a stirred 0.1 M NaOH solution.

Figure 1
The Practice of Rational Designs of Electrolyte Additives for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Shi Jiayan , Zhang Jian , Amine Rachid , Guo Juchen , Su Chi Cheung , Amine Khalil 
Published: November 2022

Discovering new electrolyte additives for specific purposes has been a long-run demand for lithium batteries. With the help of the current understanding of failure mechanisms of lithium batteries, it is no longer impossible to have a rational design, instead of random trials, of electrolyte additives for lithium batteries. More excitingly, we have successfully discovered several new electrolyte additives based on chemistry knowledge. Standard characterization tools, such as NMR, MS, SEM, and XPS, are enough to verify the proposed design rules for these electrolyte additives.
Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) is investigated as an acid scavenger to remove the acidic impurities in a commercial organic carbonate electrolyte for lithium batteries. We revealed that commercial electrolytes can be significantly improved for Li metal batteries via a simple modification with P2O5. The results indicate that adding P2O5 removes HF from the electrolyte and generates POxFy species which form a favorable SEI. The new electrolyte is also capable of eliminating transition metal leaching and particle cracking of a Li-ion cathode.
Acrylonitrile (AN) is another effective additive in carbonate-based electrolytes. It is verified as a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) enabler resulting in a uniform and dense lithium (Li) deposition. Our electrochemical and spectroscopic study reveals that AN is cathodically electropolymerized on the Li surface prior to the electrochemical decomposition of the electrolyte during Li deposition. The resultant polyacrylonitrile artificial solid electrolyte interphase enables uniform nucleation and growth of Li deposition with significantly reduced side reactions.
Several oxygen scavengers will also be introduced in this poster. Based on NMR and MS results, these oxygen scavengers undergo sacrificial oxidation during the cycling of lithium batteries. The resultant electrolytes improve long-term cycling and rate performance significantly.
Thin-Separator for Low-Melting Point Thermal Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Baggett Andrew , Alvarez Pugliese Christian E , Botte Gerardine G. 
Published: November 2022

Thermal Batteries have been used extensively as the primary power source for defense applications, with operating temperatures that typically operate above 400 °C. The battery uses a solid electrolyte that is inactive at ambient temperature and can be stored with little to no power loss for long periods (>25 years)[1]. Recent efforts have been done in the implementation of high porosity ceramic felt separators for electrolyte immobilization in thermal batteries [2], which resulted in a higher specific energy density of the thermal cells with ceramic felt compared to the traditional MgO separators, due to the increased ionic conductivity of the separator layer.
In this research, a low melting point eutectic electrolyte (CsBr-LiBr-KBr) was immobilized in ceramic felt separators and tested for the LiSi/FeS2 system. Reducing the melting point of the electrolyte has several advantages such as reducing the activation time and the amount of pyrotechnic material needed to activate the battery, and it also opens the opportunity to lower temperature applications (275-400 °C) such as geothermal instrumentation[3]. Findings of this work will be presented at the meeting.
[1] R. A. Guidotti and P. Masset, “Thermally activated (‘thermal’) battery technology. Part I: An overview,” J. Power Sources, vol. 161, no. 2, pp. 1443–1449, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.013.
[2] A. Yazdani, M. Sanghadasa, and G. G. Botte, “Integration of ceramic felt as separator / electrolyte in lithium salt thermal batteries and the prospect of rechargeability,” J. Power Sources, vol. 521, no. January, p. 230967, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230967.
[3] R. A. Guidotti and F. W. Reinhardt, “Guidotti, R. A., & Reinhardt, F. W. Characterization of the LiSi/CsBr-LiBr-KBr/FeS (2) System for Potential Use as a Geothermal Borehole Power Source (1999). Characterization of the LiSi/CsBr-LiBr-KBr/FeS (2) System for Potential Use as a Geothermal Borehole Power Source,” . Sandia National Lab No. SAND99-1702C. United States, 1999.