bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fogarty-assisted transcatheter embolization of a large renal high-flow arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Becker Lena S. , Hinrichs Jan B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Renal arteriovenous fistulas and its complications may involve high output heart failure, hematuria or lethal hemorrhage.Case presentation: This case report covers the case of a 65-year-old male patient with a large renal high-flow arteriovenous fistula of the right kidney (RAVF), treated with balloon-assisted coil and liquid (n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate) embolization. By use of ballon-occlusion with an over-the-wire Fogarty catheter and advancement of a microcatheter through the lumen distal to the balloon during the transcatheter embolization of a high-flow RAVF, control of arterial blood flow is feasible by temporary occlusion of the afferent artery. This technique of flow modulation facilitates controlled deployment of embolization materials and avoids the risk of inadvertent distal embolization by use of only one 6-French (F) arterial sheath.Conclusion: Balloon-assisted embolization using a Fogarty occlusion catheter represents a feasible, safe and effective approach for the treatment of large, high-flow arteriovenous fistulas of the kidney.
Isobolographic Analysis of The Antidepressant Interaction in Two-Drug Combinations of Citalopram, Bupropion and Scopolamine in Mice
Authors: Mohammadi-mahdiabadi-hasani Mohammad-Hossein , Ebrahimi-Ghiri Mohaddeseh , Khakpai Fatemeh , Zarrindast Mohammad-Reza 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Depression and anxiety are psychiatric diseases that commonly occur together, and the patient burden and complexity increase when both are present. Comorbid anxiety and depression are often more resistant to common drug treatments such as antidepressants. Combination therapy is a suggested approach in treating these patients, where a decline of doses could reduce undesirable outcomes and still achieve optimal effects. We, therefore, conducted a preclinical study to assess the effect of two-drug combinations of citalopram, bupropion, and scopolamine on anxiety- and antidepressive-like behaviors in male NMRI mice and aimed to determine the nature of the interaction between components. Anxiety- or antidepressive-like activity of mice was assessed by the hole-board or forced swim test (FST), respectively. Our results revealed that citalopram (0.01- 0.25 mg/kg; i.p.), bupropion (1-9 mg/kg; i.p.) or scopolamine (0.01-0.1 mg/kg; i.p.) diminished immobility time in the FST, suggesting an antidepressive-like effect. Citalopram decreased dead-dip counts in the hole-board, indicating an anxiogenic-like activity. All two-drug combinations, at inactive doses, exerted an antidepressive-like behavior. Only bupropion/scopolamine combination increased head-dip counts compared to the bupropion/saline group. Isobolographic analysis revealed an antidepressive synergy effect between citalopram plus bupropion, and an antidepressive additive impact between scopolamine plus citalopram or bupropion. It should be noted that the higher dose of each drug alone declined locomotor activity, while two-drug combinations did not affect this parameter. These results suggest a stronger antidepressive effect for citalopram/bupropion combination than other two-drug combinations.
CYP46A1 Activation By Low-Dose Efavirenz Enhances Brain Cholesterol Metabolism In Subjects With Mild Cognitive Impairment Due To Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lerner Alan J. , Arnold Steven E. , Maxfield Erin , Koenig Aaron , Toth Maria E. , Fortin Brooke , Mast Natalia , Trombetta Bianca A. , Denker John , Pieper Andrew A. , Tatsuoka Curtis , Raghupathy Sangeetha , Pikuleva Irina A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Efavirenz is an anti-HIV drug, and cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1) is a CNS-specific enzyme that metabolizes cholesterol to 24-hydroxycholesterol (24HC). We have previously shown that allosteric CYP46A1 activation by low-dose efavirenz in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) enhanced both cholesterol elimination and turnover in the brain and improved animal performance in memory tests. Here, we sought to determine whether CYP46A1 could be similarly activated by a low-dose efavirenz in human subjects. Methods: This pilot study enrolled 5 subjects with mild cognitive impairment due to AD. Participants were randomized to placebo (n=1) or two daily efavirenz doses (50 mg and 200 mg, n=2 for each) for 20 weeks and evaluated for safety and CYP46A1 target engagement (plasma 24HC levels). A longitudinal mixed model was used to ascertain statistical significance of target engagement. We also measured 24HC in CSF and conducted a unique stable isotope labeling kinetics (SILK) study with deuterated water to directly measure CYP46A1 activity changes in the brain.Results: In all subjects receiving efavirenz, there was a statistically significant increase (P £ 0.001) in the levels of plasma 24HC. The levels of 24HC in the CSF of subjects on the 200 mg-dose of efavirenz were also increased. Target engagement was further supported by the labeling kinetics of 24HC by deuterated water in the SILK study. There were no serious adverse effects in any subjects. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence of efavirenz target engagement in human subjects with AD. This supports pursuit of a larger trial for further determination and confirmation of the efavirenz dose that exerts maximal enzyme activation, as well as evaluation of this drug effects on AD biomarkers and clinical symptomatology.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03706885.
Exploring key informants’ perceptions of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in a low-SES urban community in Ireland: emergence of a ‘5Cs’ model
Authors: Ingram Carolyn , Roe Mark , Downey Vicky , Phipps Lauren , Perrotta Carla 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to explore key informants’ views on and experiences with Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in a Dublin community of low socioeconomic status (SES) and to identify feasible, community-centred solutions for improving vaccination acceptance and uptake.Methods: Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were carried out at a local community-centre and a central hair salon. Twelve key informants from the target community were selected based on their professional experience with vulnerable population groups: the unemployed, adults in recovery from addiction, the elderly, and Irish Travellers. Inductive thematic framework analysis was conducted to identify emergent themes and sub-themes. Results: Drivers of vaccine hesitancy identified by key informants largely fell under the WHO ‘3Cs’ model of hesitancy: lack of confidence in the vaccine and its providers, complacency towards the health risks of Covid-19, and inconvenient access conditions. Covid-19 Communications emerged as a fourth ‘C’ whereby unclear and negative messages, confusing public health measures, and unmet expectations of the vaccine’s effectiveness exacerbated anti-authority sentiments and vaccine scepticism during the pandemic. Community-specific recommendations involved the provision of accurate and accessible information, collaborating with community-based organizations to build trust in the vaccine through relationship building and ongoing dialogue, and ensuring acceptable access conditions.Conclusions: A Confidence, Complacency, Convenience, Communications, Community-centred Solutions (‘5Cs’) model of vaccine hesitancy emerged through inductive analysis of key informant interviews in a low-SES urban community. The model and in-depth key informants’ perspectives can be used to compliment equitable vaccination efforts currently underway by Health Services Executive Ireland and non-governmental organizations.
A cluster-based phosphor against thermal quenching via dynamic metallic bonding
Authors: Wu Dayu , Li Miao , Miao Huixian  , Wu Jing , Yu Zongsu  , Liu Luying , Zhaxi Wenjiang  , Ma Xiao , Jiang Shenlong , Zhang Qun , Huang Wei , Pan Xiancheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The effect of dynamic chemical bonding on material properties has long been the subject of intensive investigation in the fields of chemistry and materials. Especially, the dynamic metallic bonding is uncommon because the intermetallic electronic interaction may respond to external stimuli, which potentially builds the synergistic coupling among many physical properties. Herein, we experimentally investigate a dynamic Cu‒Cu bonding interaction that dictates the thermal quenching effect of photoluminescence (PL) in a high-efficiency metal-halide cluster-based phosphor. The weakening of Cu−Cu bonding in such a phosphor system enables the release of bonding electrons from Cu(I) 3d-orbital and hence sustains the PL efficiency at high temperatures (up to 100 oC). The temperature-dependent structural, NMR and EPR measurements reveal a reversible transition from diamagnetic Cu(I) to paramagnetic Cu(II) species. The white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) incorporating the thermally stable phosphor show a rapid brightness rise even at a high bias current (1,000 mA) with color rendering index as high as 90, comparable to the commercial phosphor-based prototype LEDs (e.g., YAG:Ce3+). This work establishes a novel prototype of cluster-based phosphor featuring dynamic metallic bonding, which paves the way for exploration of phosphor-converted LEDs against thermal quenching.
Shedding light into the black box of out-of-hospital respiratory distress – a retrospective cohort analysis of discharge diagnoses, prehospital diagnostic accuracy, and predictors of mortality
Authors: Spörl Patrick , Beckers Stefan K. , Rossaint Rolf , Felzen Marc , Schröder Hanna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Although respiratory distress is one of the most common complaints of patients requiring emergency medical services (EMS), there is a lack of evidence on important aspects.Objectives: Our study aims to determine how accurately correct diagnoses are made by EMS physicians in the out-of-hospital setting, identify examination findings that correlate with diagnoses, investigate hospital mortality, and identify mortality-associated predictors.Methods: This retrospective observational study examined EMS encounters between December 2015 and May 2016 in the city of Aachen, Germany, in which an EMS physician was present at the scene. Adult patients were included if the EMS physician initially detected dyspnea, low oxygen saturation, or pathological auscultation findings at the scene (n = 719). The analyses were performed by linking out-of-hospital data to hospital records and using binary logistic regressions.Results: The overall diagnostic accuracy was 69.9% (485/694). The highest diagnostic accuracies were observed in asthma (15/15; 100%), hypertensive crisis (28/33; 84.4%), and COPD exacerbation (114/138; 82.6%), lowest accuracies were observed in pneumonia (70/142; 49.3%), pulmonary embolism (8/18; 44.4%), and urinary tract infection (14/35; 40%). The overall hospital mortality rate was 13.8% (99/719). The highest hospital mortality rates were seen in pneumonia (44/142; 31%) and urinary tract infection (7/35; 20%). Identified risk factors for hospital mortality were metabolic acidosis in the initial blood gas analysis (odds ratio (OR) 11.84), the diagnosis of pneumonia (OR 3.22) reduced vigilance (OR 2.58), low oxygen saturation (OR 2.23), and increasing age (OR 1.03 by 1 year increase).Conclusions: Our data highlight the diagnostic uncertainties and high mortality in out-of-hospital emergency patients presenting with respiratory distress. Pneumonia was the most common and most frequently misdiagnosed cause and showed highest hospital mortality. The identified predictors could help in early detection of patients at risk in the future.
On Destination Logo: A Design Review of Visit Malaysia Year’s Logo (1990 -2020)
Authors: SER ShawHong 
Published: February 2022

Similar to companies and organizations across the globe, countries as well engage in branding strategies to establish a brand identity and to be positioned as major tourist destinations. Thereupon, the destination logo as one of the most significant elements of a country’s branding has become an important subject for brand design and communication research. In this paper, to respond to the research scholarly interest in communication design, the researcher has made an attempt to provide a design review of Malaysia’s destination logo from 1990 to 2020. Based on destination logos employed by Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board, the researcher examined how different logos have been designed to represent Malaysia as an outstanding tourism destination along with the development of the “Visit Malaysia Year” (VMY) tourism campaigns. As aforementioned, this paper will provide insights into an understanding of the design and development of destination logos in Malaysia.
Recent Advancements in Strategies for Abnormal Protein Clearance in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhuang Jianhua , Gao Jie , Yin You , Gong Baofeng , Ji Wenbo , Chen Xiaohan , Li Peng , Cheng Wenbin , Zhao Yuchen , He Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intricate neurodegenerative disease with chronic and progressive development whose typical neuropathological features encompass senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively formed by the extracellular deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the brain, particularly in limbic and cortical regions. The pathological changes are considered to be caused by the loss of Aβ and tau protein clearance mechanisms under pathological conditions, which leads to an imbalance between the rates of clearance and production. Consequently, the main strategies for treating AD aim to reduce the production of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the brain, inhibit their accumulation, or accelerate their clearance. Although drugs utilizing these therapeutic strategies have been studied successively, their therapeutic effects have generally been less than ideal. Fortunately, recent advances have been made in clearance strategies for these abnormally expressed proteins, including immunotherapies and nanomedicines targeting Aβ or tau, which could represent an important breakthrough for treating AD. Here, we review recent development of the strategies for the removal of abnormal proteins and provide new ideas and methods for treating AD.
In Search of HIV Entry Inhibitors Using Molecular Docking, ADME, and Toxicity Studies of Some Thiazolidinone-Pyrazine Derivatives Against CXCR4 Co-receptor
Authors: Patil Shital M. , Asgaonkar Kalyani D. , Bakhle Bhairavi , Abhang Kshitija , Khater Ayush , Singh Muskan , Chitre Trupti S. 
Published: February 2022

Background:Entry inhibitors prevent the binding of human immunodeficiency virus protein to the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and are used along with conventional anti-HIV therapy. They aid in restoring immunity and can prevent the development of HIV-TB co-infection.Aim:In the present study, various thiazolidinone-pyrazine derivatives earlier studied for NNRT inhibition activity were gauged for their entry inhibitor potential.Objective:The objective of the study is to perform molecular docking, ADME, toxicity studies of some thiazolidinone-pyrazine derivatives as entry inhibitors targeting CXCR4 co-receptors.Methods:In-silico docking studies were performed using AutoDock Vina software and compounds were further studied for ADME and toxicity using SwissADME and pkCSM software, respectively.Results:Taking into consideration the docking results, pharmacokinetic behaviour and toxicity profile, four molecules (compounds 1, 9, 11, and 16) have shown potential as entry inhibitors.Conclusion:These compounds have shown potential as both NNRTI and entry inhibitors and hence can be used in management of immune compromised diseases like TB-HIV coinfection.
Computational Studies of Budesonide vs. Vilanterol: Asthma Drugs
Against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro
Authors: Hussain Afzal , Hussain Ashfaq 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the mortality it has caused have prompted the research organization to develop novel medications to combat COVID-19 infection. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to the virus's replication and propagation in host cells. Therefore it is a promising therapeutic target. There are officially no certified specific drugs or available interventions for COVID-19 infection. Repurposing standard pharmaceutical drugs for COVID-19 interventions is a promising way of identifying potent therapeutic candidates quickly. In this work, Vilanterol over Budesonide was studied using Molecular docking, ADMET, and MMGBSA analysis using Schrodinger Software to find more potent drugs that can diminish the risk of rigorous SARS-CoV-2 infection and shorten the time to recovery. We have identified that Vilanterol showed a more promising inhibitor of COVID-19 Mpro than Budesonide (studied by the University of Oxford). Vilanterol has indicated docking score (-8.727), Human oral absorption (88.786%), and also the free binding energy (-60.457) than Budesonide presented docking score (-6.077), Human oral absorption (83.863), and the free binding energy (-36.078). In conclusion, our computational strategy identified promising and efficacious SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors, Vilanterol over Budesonide, that could be investigated further in clinical trials.
Protective Effects of N-acetylcysteine Niosome Nanoparticles on Paraquatinduced
Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats
Authors: Jouzdani Ali Fathi , Ganjirad Zahra , Firozian Farzin , Soleimani -Asl Sara , Ranjbar Akram 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Paraquat (PQ), as a bipyridyl compound, is widely used as an effective
herbicide that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), affecting the unsaturated lipids of cell
membranes leading to cell mortality. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a medication that has a beneficial
role in reducing the intoxication of kidneys caused by PQ. Niosomes are bilayer vesicles that enhance
the bioavailability of drugs. This study aimed to compare the effects of NAC and niosome of
NAC (NACNPs) on PQ-induced kidney toxicity concerning its antioxidant activity.

Methods:
In this experimental study, after formulating NACNP, 30 Wistar male rats weighing 180
to 250 gm were classified into five groups: the control group was treated with normal saline, while
the other four groups received 35mg/kg/day of PQ via intraperitoneal route and, was treated with
25mg/kg/day NAC, 25mg/kg/day niosome and 25 mg/kg/day NACNP by gavage, Then, oxidative
stress biomarkers such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase activity (CAT), lipid peroxidation
(LPO), and total thiol group (TTG), plus blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
were evaluated in kidney tissue homogenate and examined histopathologically.

Results:
The results revealed that TTG increased significantly in NAC & NACNP groups than in
the PQ group. Further, in the PQ group, LPO increased significantly compared with the control,
NAC, and NACNP groups, while in the NAC and NACNP group, LPO diminished compared with
the PQ group. There was no significant difference in TAC between groups. Blood urea nitrogen
(BUN) and creatinine levels dropped in NACNP compared with the PQ group and the NAC. Histological
studies also approved PQ-induced damage and the protective effect of NACNP.

Conclusion:
The results indicated that NACNP could modulate oxidative stress status and kidney
function against PQ toxicity.
Considerations for a Social Media Physical Activity Program: Exploratory Study
Authors: Scott-Andrews Katherine Q , Lane Annalise , Rock Sarah , Robinson Leah E 
Published: February 2022

Background
Social media may be a powerful platform to combat parents’ and children’s low physical activity levels.

Objective
This study surveyed parents’ beliefs about physical activity in order to expand the extant literature concerning the interest in and the design of an effective and feasible social media physical activity (SMPA) program.

Methods
Primary caregivers (n=250; 215 [86%] mothers, 164 [65.6%] White) of children aged 6-12 years completed an online questionnaire. Interest was examined through responses on the questionnaire; beliefs (ie, perceptions, knowledge, and support) about physical activity were examined using Spearman correlations; and to support the SMPA program design, researchers examined a combination of multiple-choice and free-response questions. For the free-response questions, the researchers performed open coding related to perceived benefits, barriers, and motivators.

Results
Parent respondents (n=215, 86%) were interested in a SMPA program tailored for families. Regarding beliefs, parents exhibited a monotonic relationship between 2 questions related to perceptions of physical activity levels in their children (rs(250)=.310, P<.001), knowledge about physical activity and motor skills (rs(250)=.328, P<.001), and support of physical activity and motor skills (rs(250)=.385, P<.001). Parents perceived benefits of a SMPA program, highlighting family time and health. Barriers included time constraints, a lack of motivation, and environmental factors.

Conclusions
Parents are interested in supporting healthy family behaviors using a SMPA program. An effective program should emphasize motor skill activities, be fun and family oriented, and incorporate incentives, goal setting, and advice and tips. SMPA also needs to address identified barriers, such as those regarding time and environment.
Predicting Emerging Themes in Rapidly Expanding COVID-19 Literature With Unsupervised Word Embeddings and Machine Learning: Evidence-Based Study
Authors: Pal Ridam , Chopra Harshita , Awasthi Raghav , Bandhey Harsh , Nagori Aditya , Sethi Tavpritesh 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundEvidence from peer-reviewed literature is the cornerstone for designing responses to global threats such as COVID-19. In massive and rapidly growing corpuses, such as COVID-19 publications, assimilating and synthesizing information is challenging. Leveraging a robust computational pipeline that evaluates multiple aspects, such as network topological features, communities, and their temporal trends, can make this process more efficient.ObjectiveWe aimed to show that new knowledge can be captured and tracked using the temporal change in the underlying unsupervised word embeddings of the literature. Further imminent themes can be predicted using machine learning on the evolving associations between words.MethodsFrequently occurring medical entities were extracted from the abstracts of more than 150,000 COVID-19 articles published on the World Health Organization database, collected on a monthly interval starting from February 2020. Word embeddings trained on each month’s literature were used to construct networks of entities with cosine similarities as edge weights. Topological features of the subsequent month’s network were forecasted based on prior patterns, and new links were predicted using supervised machine learning. Community detection and alluvial diagrams were used to track biomedical themes that evolved over the months.ResultsWe found that thromboembolic complications were detected as an emerging theme as early as August 2020. A shift toward the symptoms of long COVID complications was observed during March 2021, and neurological complications gained significance in June 2021. A prospective validation of the link prediction models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87. Predictive modeling revealed predisposing conditions, symptoms, cross-infection, and neurological complications as dominant research themes in COVID-19 publications based on the patterns observed in previous months.ConclusionsMachine learning–based prediction of emerging links can contribute toward steering research by capturing themes represented by groups of medical entities, based on patterns of semantic relationships over time.