bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of (in)equity in collaborative environmental governance
Authors: Dobbin Kristin Babson , Kuo Michael , Lubell Mark , Bostic Darcy , Mendoza Jessica , Echeveste Ernest 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCollaborative environmental governance seeks to engage diverse stakeholders to tackle complex challenges efficiently, sustainably, and equitably. However, mixed empirical evidence underscores a need to understand the conditions under which particularly equity is or is not achieved. Here, we use the empirical case of California Sustainable Groundwater Management to quantify the extent to which vulnerable small and rural drinking water users' needs are addressed in collaborative groundwater planning. Drawing on a diverse array of mixed method data, we then employ Boosted Regression and Classification Trees (BRCT) to assess potential driving factors including collaboration, representation, elite capture, stakeholder engagement, and problem severity/salience. We find each to be influential, highlighting their relevance for equitable planning. We also find evidence that these relationships are complex and outcome specific. Nonetheless, the overall effect on the three equity measures is modest at best. More institutional analysis of collaborative governance regimes from diverse contexts is needed to build a comprehensive understanding of how to meaningfully advance social and environmental equity in such decentralized reforms. Based on our results, we suggest the answer, if there is one, may transcend current focal domains such as stakeholder representation and engagement.
General Bayesian Loss Function Selection and the use of Improper Models
Authors: Jewson Jack , Rossell David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStatisticians often face the choice between using probability models or a paradigm defined by minimising a loss function. Both approaches are useful and, if the loss can be re-cast into a proper probability model, there are many tools to decide which model or loss is more appropriate for the observed data, in the sense of explaining the data's nature. However, when the loss leads to an improper model, there are no principled ways to guide this choice. We address this task by combining the Hyvärinen score, which naturally targets infinitesimal relative probabilities, and general Bayesian updating, which provides a unifying framework for inference on losses and models. Specifically we propose the ℋ-score, a general Bayesian selection criterion and prove that it consistently selects the (possibly improper) model closest to the data-generating truth in Fisher's divergence. We also prove that an associated ℋ-posterior consistently learns optimal hyper-parameters featuring in loss functions, including a challenging tempering parameter in generalised Bayesian inference. As salient examples, we consider robust regression and non-parametric density estimation where popular loss functions define improper models for the data and hence cannot be dealt with using standard model selection tools. These examples illustrate advantages in robustness-efficiency trade-offs and enable Bayesian inference for kernel density estimation, opening a new avenue for Bayesian non-parametrics.
Evaluation of a novel moving threshold gating strategy for assessment of reticulated platelets in dogs using the ADVIA 2120 analyzer
Authors: Kuhn Anja , Weiler Kristina , Gibbs Graham , Prechtl Gottfried , Bauer Natali , Moritz Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundA novel method using a moving threshold (r‐PLTmt) to determine canine r‐PLTs (reticulated platelets) has been introduced for ADVIA 2120 software v6.11.7.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate absolute (ar‐PLTmt) and percent (%r‐PLTmt) prior to and after visual inspection of scattergrams (ar‐PLTmtv, %rPLTmtv) compared with flow cytometry (flow) and to determine reference intervals (RIs) in 120 dogs.MethodsFor method comparison, 42 blood samples of healthy and thrombocytopenic dogs were included. Calculation of Spearman's rho, Bland–Altman, and Passing‐Bablok analysis was performed. Coefficients of variation (CVs) were determined for three concentration levels.ResultsModerate correlations between %r‐PLTmt and %r‐PLTmtv (rs 0.75–0.76) were seen compared with flow cytometry. The CV for medium %r‐PLTs counts assessed with flow cytometry was 12.9%. Comparable CVs were obtained for ar‐PLTmt (14.4%) and %r‐PLTmt (15.7%), and ar‐PLTmtv and %r‐PLTmtv (10.9% and 12.9%, respectively). At low and high concentration levels, CVs for % and absolute r‐PLTmt/rPLTmtv ranged between 23%–30% and 15%–20%. In patients with microcytic hypochromic erythrocytes, CVs for ar‐PLTmt and %r‐PLTmt were 36%–66%. Visual inspection of scattergrams resulted in a marked decrease in CV ranging between 15% and 20%. A proportional bias of 10.8% between %r‐PLTmt and flow cytometry became lower (9.7%) after visual validation of scattergrams. Passing‐Bablok analysis showed proportional and constant error. RIs for r‐PLTmt and r‐PLTmtv were 0.2%–3.8% and 0.6–10.2 × 109/L and 0.3%–4.5% and 1.1–10.3 × 109/L, respectively. Median values for %r‐PLTmtv were higher in young adults (≤2 years) than in older dogs (P = 0.03).Conclusionsr‐PLTmt and r‐PLTmtv were moderately correlated with flow cytometry. Visual inspection of scattergrams is recommended.
Potassium penicillin and gentamicin pharmacokinetics in healthy conscious and anesthetized horses
Authors: Wilson Katherine E. , Bogers Sophie H. , Council‐Troche R. McAlister , Davis Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of general anesthesia on the safety and efficacy of co‐administered potassium penicillin G (PEN) and gentamicin (GENT) in horses.Study designNonrandomized crossover.AnimalsSix adult, Thoroughbred horses.MethodsHorses were administered PEN (22 000 IU/kg IV) and GENT (6.6 mg/kg IV). Plasma samples were collected over a 6 h period and synovial fluid was collected at 30 min and 6 h respectively. Drug administration and sample collection protocols were repeated after at least a 48 hour washout period and induction of anesthesia using xylazine/ketamine and maintenance with isoflurane gas. Drug concentrations were determined using ultrapressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. A 2‐compartment model was used to determine pharmacokinetics and differences were determined between conscious and anesthetized horses using pairedt‐tests (significanceP < .05).ResultsPotassium penicillin g and GENT had higher minimum plasma concentrations (PEN 0.44 vs. 0.11 μg/mL,P = .002; GENT 3.0 vs. 1.9 μg/mL,P = .009), longer half lives (PEN 71 vs. 59 min,P = .018; GENT 149 vs. 109 min,P = .038), and slower clearances (PEN 3.41 vs. 5.1 mL/kg/min,P = .005; GENT 1.18 vs. 1.48 mL/kg/min,P = .028) in anesthetized horses vs. conscious horses. The PEN concentrations remained above the breakpoint minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 0.5 μg/mL) for 332 min in anesthetized vs. 199 min in conscious horses. The GENT concentrations reached 10 times higher than the breakpoint MIC (2 μg/mL) in all horses and were maintained for 58 vs. 59 min in anesthetized and conscious states, respectively.Synovial fluid concentrations were higher in conscious horses vs. anesthetized horses at 30 min for PEN (7.0 vs. 0.93 μg/mL,P < .001) and 30 (5.3 μg/mL vs. 0.79 μg/mL,P < .001) and 360 min (3.4 vs. 1.82 μg/mL,P <.003) for GENT.ConclusionGeneral anesthesia resulted in lower intrasynovial concentrations and delayed clearance of PEN/GENT in horses.Clinical significanceRedosing healthy anesthetized horses with PEN prior to 4‐5 h is not necessary. When administered to anesthetized horses, intravenous PEN/GENT may not reach adequate intrasynovial concentrations to treat or prevent common pathogens. The doses or dosing intervals of antimicrobials administered to horses undergoing anesthesia may need to be adjusted to ensure maintenance of safe and effective plasma concentrations.
The ryanodine receptor–calstabin interaction stabilizer S107 protects hippocampal neurons from GABAergic synaptic alterations induced by Abeta42 oligomers
Authors: Hidisoglu Enis , Chiantia Giuseppe , Franchino Claudio , Tomagra Giulia , Giustetto Maurizio , Carbone Emilio , Carabelli Valentina , Marcantoni Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe oligomeric form of the peptide amyloid beta 42 (Abeta42) contributes to the development of synaptic abnormalities and cognitive impairments associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, there is a gap in knowledge regarding how Abeta42 alters the elementary parameters of GABAergic synaptic function. Here we found that Abeta42 increased the frequency and amplitude of miniature GABAergic currents as well as the amplitude of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents. When we focused on paired pulse depression (PPD) to establish whether GABA release probability was affected by Abeta42, we did not observe any significant change. On the other hand, a more detailed investigation of the presynaptic effects induced by Abeta42 by means of multiple probability fluctuation analysis and cumulative amplitude analysis showed an increase in both the size of the readily releasable pool responsible for synchronous release and the number of release sites. We further explored whether ryanodine receptors (RyRs) contributed to exacerbating these changes by stabilizing the interaction between RyRs and the accessory protein calstabin. We observed that the RyR–calstabin interaction stabilizer S107 restored the synaptic parameters to values comparable to those measured in control conditions. In conclusion, our results clarify the mechanisms of potentiation of GABAergic synapses induced by Abeta42. We further suggest that RyRs are involved in the control of synaptic activity during the early stage of AD onset and that their stabilization could represent a new therapeutical approach for AD treatment.
imageKey points
Accumulation of the peptide amyloid beta 42 (Abeta42) is a key characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and causes synaptic dysfunctions. To date, the effects of Abeta42 accumulation on GABAergic synapses are poorly understood.
The findings reported here suggest that, similarly to what is observed on glutamatergic synapses, Abeta42 modifies GABAergic synapses by targeting ryanodine receptors and causing calcium dysregulation.
The GABAergic impairments can be restored by the ryanodine receptor–calstabin interaction stabilizer S107.
Based on this research, RyRs stabilization may represent a novel pharmaceutical strategy for preventing or delaying AD.
High altitude differentially modulates potassium channel‐evoked vasodilatation in pregnant human myometrial arteries
Authors: Fallahi Sahand , Houck Julie A. , Euser Anna G. , Julian Colleen G. , Moore Lorna G. , Lorca Ramón A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐altitude (>2500 m or 8200 ft) residence reduces uterine artery blood flow during pregnancy, contributing to an increased incidence of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. However, not all pregnancies are affected by the chronic hypoxic conditions of high‐altitude residence. K+ channels play important roles in the uterine vascular adaptation to pregnancy, promoting a reduction in myogenic tone and an increase in blood flow. We hypothesized that, in pregnancies with normal fetal growth at high altitude, K+ channel‐dependent vasodilatation of myometrial arteries is increased compared to those from healthy pregnant women at a lower altitude (∼1700 m). Using pharmacological modulation of two K+ channels, ATP‐sensitive (KATP) and large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated (BKCa) K+ channels, we assessed the vasodilatation of myometrial arteries from appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies in women living at high or low altitudes. In addition, we evaluated the localization of these channels in the myometrial arteries using immunofluorescence. Our results showed an endothelium‐dependent increase in KATP‐dependent vasodilatation in myometrial arteries from high versus low altitude, whereas vasodilatation induced by BKCa activation was reduced in these vessels. Additionally, KATP channel co‐localization with endothelial markers was reduced in the high‐altitude myometrial arteries, which suggested that the functional increase in KATP activity may be by mechanisms other than regulation of channel localization. These observations highlight an important contribution of K+ channels to the human uterine vascular adaptation to pregnancy at high altitude serving to maintain normal fetal growth under conditions of chronic hypoxia.
imageKey points
High‐altitude (>2500 m or 8200 ft) residence reduces uterine blood flow during pregnancy and fetal growth. Animal models of high altitude/chronic hypoxia suggest that these reductions are partially due to reduced vascular K+. channel responses, such as those elicited by large conductance Ca2+‐activated (BKCa) and ATP‐sensitive (KATP) K+ channel activation.
We found that women residing at high versus low altitude during pregnancy showed diminished myometrial artery vasodilatory responses to endothelium‐independent BKCa channel activation but greater responses to endothelium‐dependent KATP channel activation.
Our observations indicate that KATP channels play an adaptive role in maintaining myometrial artery vasodilator sensitivity under chronic hypoxic conditions during pregnancy. Thus, KATP channels represent potential therapeutic targets for augmenting uteroplacental blood flow and, in turn, preserving fetal growth in cases of uteroplacental hypoperfusion.
Recent Progress and Challenges in Microscale Urban Heat Modeling and Measurement for Urban Engineering Applications
Authors: Dey Shuv , Joshi Yogendra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis review focuses on progress and emerging challenges in experimentally validated modeling of microscale urban thermal environments over the last two decades. In the last few decades, there has been a surge in urban energy contribution resulting in elevated urban day-/night-time air temperatures. While there is no single solution to urban heat, mitigation strategies can be implemented to minimize the harmful effects of urban heat both on humans and the environment. To study the effects of urban heat, numerical modeling of urban thermal environments has seen a rise in usage of several application specific atmospheric modeling software packages, and multiple studies and reviews have already covered the prolific engineering use cases. However, there are inherent and unintentional biases introduced by each modeling software package, that inhibit validity and accuracy for general engineering use. This review critically analyzes the limitations of current state-of-the-art (SOA) microscale atmospheric modeling approaches and identify necessary areas for improvement. Urban thermal environment models must be validated with measurements to gain confidence in the predictive capabilities. This review will additionally examine the next generation of measurement techniques that leverage advances in computing and communications to create distributed meteorological sensor networks for improved spatial and temporal resolutions, that can provide a rich platform for model validation. High fidelity and accurate simulations of urban thermal environments improve confidence in the study of urban heat, its mitigation, and its impact on urban engineering applications in building energy usage and sustainability.
Tow Out Calculations for Floating Wind Turbines
Authors: Crowle A. P. , Thies P. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Floating wind turbines are becoming an important part of renewable offshore power generation, offering an opportunity to deliver green energy. The floating nature of the substructures permits wind turbine placement in deep water locations, probably out of sight of land. This paper presents the tow out design method requirements for the installation of floating offshore wind turbines.
Most existing floating offshore wind turbines substructures are barge, semi submersible, TLP and Spar types and their installation methods have been developed from those used on offshore oil and gas structures. Whilst the turbines are derived from those used on fixed bottom offshore wind turbines. The paper summarises the weather window limitations for the various substructure types and installations phases, including the transportation to and from the offshore site and during the connection of mooring lines and electrical cables. The choice of construction materials i.e. steel or concrete, influence the draft of the substructure at the fit-out quay and hence during the tow offshore.
Semi submersible and barge types are of shallow draft and can be fitted out alongside a quay. Spar types typically require deep water for construction in sheltered inshore waters. The Tension Leg Platform (TLP) floating wind turbine has minimum water plane area and hence has low intact stability during ocean tow and thus TLPs may require modified crane vessels for offshore installation.
The paper will present recent advances in the tow out requirements of floating offshore wind turbines. Data will be provided on intact stability, damage stability, tow forces and motions during tow from fit out port to the offshore location.
A Novel Zero-Discharge Supercritical Water-Based Wave Energy Desalination System
Authors: Filho Faete , Glosson Gabriel , McMorris Jason , Abdel-Salam Tarek , Duba Kurabachew , Tran Thanh Toan , Husain Salman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a sustainable and innovative wave-energy-based water desalination system combined with an emerging supercritical water process for a zero-liquid-discharge technology. There is growing demand for producing clean water. Within desalination technologies, reverse osmosis, one of the most popular methods, uses a semipermeable membrane that separates fresh water from pressurized seawater. However, this technology produces brine, which is harmful to the environment. Supercritical water desalination is employed here as a means of using the brine to extract more fresh water and eliminate this environmentally toxic output. Wave energy is integrated with reverse osmosis to provide direct seawater pressurization for the first stage in the process. This wave energy converter converts the motion of waves into pressurized water through a power takeoff unit.
Wake Interaction Between Two Floating Offshore Wind Turbines With Blade Deformation
Authors: Huang Yang , Xiao Qing , Wan Decheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the increasing size and flexibility of wind turbine blades, the impacts of blade deformation on the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines are becoming more and more important. To better understand the influence of blade flexibility on the wake interaction of FOWTs, a coupled analysis tool composed of an improved ALM and in-house CFD code based on OpenFOAM is employed to perform numerical simulations for two spar-type FOWTs with a tandem layout under given regular wave and uniform wind conditions. Coupled aero-hydro-elastic responses of the floating wind turbine are compared for rigid blades and flexible blades scenarios to examine the impacts of blade deformation on the wake interaction. The variations of aerodynamic loads, wake characteristics, and floating platform dynamics motions’ responses are fully examined. Our results show that the blade deformation of downstream FOWT is smaller than that of upstream FOWT due to the turbine wake. The time-mean aerodynamic load coefficients of both upstream and downstream FOWT decrease due to the shape deformation of the blade. Moreover, the wake vortexes are found to be more stable when the blade is flexible.
A Review of End-of-Life Decision Making for Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Boyd David , Karimirad Madjid , Sivakumar Vinayagamoothy , Jalilvand Soroosh , Desmond Cian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Offshore wind is set to play a major role in the global shift to renewable energy generation due to its low carbon footprint, high capacity factor and availability of suitable sites close to population centres. Offshore wind is a relatively young industry, with the majority of installed capacity having occurred in the past 10 years. As the industry matures, questions related to the effective management of ageing assets and end-of-life decision making are becoming increasingly important. Broadly speaking, three end-of-life options exist for turbines: life extension, repowering and decommissioning. There is a need to update the end-of-life guidelines and improve the decision-making framework to identify the most sustainable option for a particular offshore wind farm. This paper reviews the current criteria for deciding the most suitable end-of-life solution for offshore wind turbines, with a particular focus on the structural health of monopile foundations. This will lay the groundwork for creating a digital model which can be used to investigate the impact of certain key parameters on the turbine’s health and remaining useful life, as well as for future work in creating a decision support framework to aid in deciding the most sustainable end-of-life solution for offshore wind turbines.
Impact of Rotor Solidity on the Design Optimization of Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: Gao Ju , Griffith D. Todd , Jafari Mohammad , Yao Shulong , Ahsan Faraz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Increasing the solidity of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) leads to increases in annual energy production and aerodynamic loads. To explore the effects of solidity on design and optimization of floating VAWTs, the rotor solidity is varied by changing the blade chord size of a 5MW floating VAWT while other geometry parameters of the rotor are kept same. A series of 5MW Darrieus-type rotors with different solidities are designed and optimized according to the rotor design loop including satisfying strength, deflection, fatigue, buckling, dynamics and flutter requirements. A cost analysis is performed by evaluating tradeoff in the rotor material cost versus the AEP (Annual Energy production) to decide the optimal solidity for the structural design. The tension leg platforms (TLPs) are designed and optimized to support the optimal rotors. Dynamic responses of the optimized platforms subject to various environmental conditions are evaluated using a semi-coupled aero-servo-hydro numerical model.
Simulation of VIM of an Offshore Floating Wind Turbine
Authors: Passano Elizabeth , Grytøyr Guttorm , Haslum Herbjørn , Lie Halvor , Yin Decao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents results from a case study of vortex-induced motions (VIM) of a floating, spar type offshore wind turbine. VIM response can lead to increased motions of the wind turbine tower as well as contribute to fatigue of moorings and cables. Reliable predictions of VIM response are therefore needed for safe and cost-effective design. One option is to extend the use of analysis methods developed for vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of slender structures. Three different analysis methods are compared in the present work:
• Linear frequency domain analysis with coefficient-based VIV loads.
• Nonlinear time domain simulation with a harmonic load found using a VIM design curve.
• Nonlinear time domain simulation with the recently developed time domain VIV load model.
The nonlinear time domain simulations can include the dynamic wave and wind loads together with the VIM loads. Nonlinear interaction effects can then be included, and fatigue damage can be calculated from the total response instead of combining damages calculated separately.
Only the analysis with time domain VIV loads gives in-line VIM response. The results show that if in-line motions occur, they may give significant contributions to the mooring line tensions and fatigue.
The effects of the higher Reynolds number and the low length to diameter ratio of floating spars must be investigated. Comparisons with full-scale measurements and adjustment of load coefficients are necessary before a time domain VIM load model is established.