bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instagram Use Among Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs
Authors: Bixby Elise C. , Danford Nicholas C. , Desai Sohil S. , Paskey Taylor L. , Levine William N. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges to residency recruitment. With in-person away rotations prohibited and interviews held virtually, orthopaedic residency programs turned to social media. Studies document the exponential growth of residency program Instagram accounts after March 2020, but few analyze the content of their posts. This study provides an updated assessment of such Instagram accounts including a detailed analysis of their content and a discussion of potentially concerning posts.

Methods:
Orthopaedic surgery residency programs participating in the National Resident Matching Program and any Instagram accounts associated with these programs were identified. Instagram accounts were analyzed, and the 25 most recent posts and all highlighted stories for each account were coded for content based on a predetermined list of categories. Specific attention was given to content that may raise legal, ethical, or professionalism concerns. The primary outcome was the most common content code among posts. The secondary outcomes were the number of posts identified as potentially concerning and the types of concerns represented.

Results:
Overall, 138 of 193 residency programs (72%) had an Instagram account at the time of cross-sectional analysis, 65% of which were created between April and December 2020. All accounts were public. Profiles had on average 1,156 ± 750 followers and 59 ± 75 posts. Of the 3,348 posts analyzed, the most common coded themes were resident introductions (33%), camaraderie (27%), and social life and hobbies (26%). There were 81 concerning posts from 52 separate accounts. Seventy-five of the concerning posts (93%) depicted residents scrubbed alone.

Conclusion:
Orthopaedic residency Instagram accounts are potential tools for residency recruitment and can depict a program's culture through posts over time. However, public accounts are open to scrutiny by other viewers, including patients and their families. Care must be taken to consider multiple perspectives of post content, so as to bolster, not damage, the residency program's reputation.
Kompetensi Profesional Guru dalam Teologi Paulus
Authors: Anthony Joyner Christina Webyanestefien , Saragih Teguh Parluhutan , Sudirman Sudirman 
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The role of a teacher is essential to the success of learners. The success of an education is determined by a teacher's professional and also his commitment to a profession that was pursued as a teacher. In an effort to improve the success of education, the teacher has a strategic position that is greatly influenced by the teacher's professional competence in teaching and the teacher's level of well-being. A teacher is shown to be a professional when following common requirements of teacher law, to do his work according to rules, ethics, qualities that meet standards and norms that also require professional education. The negative effects of a teacher's unprofessional indifference can be felt by learners as well as parents or communities. The important role of a teacher's professional form is needed to complete the teacher's principal task as a broadening educator, also appearing in the opening of the 1945 bill. One bible character who provided an example and example as a professional educator both teaching and educating was Paul. He notes one form of his theology found at colossians 3:16-17, a scripture that provides a basis for a teacher to work ona professional assignment. The very foundation upon which Jesus himself lay the rife within or.Abstrak: Peran dari seorang guru sangat penting bagi keberhasilan peserta didik. Keberhasilan dari suatu pendidikan ditentukan oleh sebuah keprofesionalitasan guru dan juga komitmennya atas profesi yang dijalani sebagai seorang guru. Dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan mutu keberhasilan pendidikan, guru memiliki posisi strategis yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh kompetensi profesional guru dalam mengajar serta tingkat kesejahteraan guru. Seorang guru dinyatakan sebagai seorang yang professional apabila mengikuti ketentuan umum dalam undang-undang guru, untuk melakukan pekerjaannya sesuai dengan kaidah, etika, kecakapan yang dapat memenuhi standar mutu serta norma yang juga memerlukan pendidikan profesi. dampak negative dari guru yang tidak professional guru dapat dirasakan oleh peserta didik dan juga orang tua atau pun masyarakat. Adanya peran penting dari suatu bentuk profesionalitas guru sangat diperlukan untuk melengkapi tugas utama guru sebagai pendidik yang mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, yang juga tercantum dalam pembukaan UUD 1945. Salah satu tokoh Alkitab yang memberikan suatu teladan dan contoh sebagai pendidik yang mengajar maupun mendidik secara profesionalitas ialah Paulus. Ia menyatakan salah satu bentuk dari teologinya yang terdapat dalam Kolose 3:16-17, ayat yang menjadi dasar untuk seorang guru dapat mengerjakan tugasnya dengan sebuah keprofesionalitas. Dasar utama yang menjadi landasan dan pedoman adalah Yesus sendiri dengan segala kekayaan yang tinggal di dalam diri orang percaya. Maka penelitian ini memberikan ulasan serta penjelasan mengenai peran penting dari kompetensi profesionalitas guru dalam pandangan teologi Paulus.
Review of Translanguaging Outside the Academy: Negotiating Rhetoric and Healthcare in the Spanish Caribbean by Rachel Bloom-Pojar
Authors: Bareiss Warren 
Published: April 2022

Review of Translanguaging Outside the Academy; Negotiating Rhetoric and Healthcare in the Spanish Caribbean, Rachel Bloom-Pojar, Urbana, Illinois: Conference on College Composition and Communication/National Council of Teachers of English, 2018. 161 pages, $29.99.
Companion Diagnostics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward From the Programmed Death Ligand-1 Rollout
Authors: Willis Joseph E. , Eyerer Frederick , Walk Eric E. , Vasalos Patricia , Bradshaw Georganne , Yohe Sophia Louise , Laser Jordan S. 
Published: April 2022

Context.—
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assays play a crucial role as predictive markers in patients being considered for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. However, because of a convergence of several factors, including recognition of increased types of cancers susceptible to immunotherapy, increasing numbers of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and release of multiple PD-L1 immunohistochemistry antibodies with differing reporting systems, this complex testing environment has led to significant levels of confusion for pathologists and medical oncologists.

Objective.—
To identify which processes and procedures have contributed to the current challenges surrounding programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 companion diagnostics and to propose potential remedies to this issue. This is based upon input from key industrial stakeholders in conjunction with the College of American Pathologists Personalized Health Care Committee.

Design.—
A meeting of representatives of pharmaceutical and in vitro diagnostic companies along with the Personalized Health Care Committee reviewed the process of release of the PD-L1 companion diagnostic assays using a modified root cause analysis format. The modified root cause analysis envisioned an ideal circumstance of development and implementation of a companion diagnostic to identify shortcomings in the rollout of the PD-L1 assay and to suggest actions to improve future companion diagnostic assay releases.

Results.—
The group recommended improvements to key principles in companion diagnostics implementation related to multi-stakeholder communication, increased regulatory flexibility to incorporate postapproval medical knowledge, improved cross-disciplinary information exchange between medical oncology and pathology societies, and enhanced postmarket training programs.

Conclusions.—
The rapidly changing nature of and increasing complexity associated with companion diagnostics require a fundamental review of processes related to their design, implementation, and oversight.
The Individual in the Animal Kingdom
Authors: Huxley Julian S. 
Published: April 2022

The groundbreaking first book by a major evolutionary biologist, published in 1912, that anticipated current thinking about organismal complexity.
Julian Huxley's The Individual in the Animal Kingdom, published in 1912, is a concise and groundbreaking work that is almost entirely unknown today. In it, Huxley analyzes the evolutionary advances in life's organizational complexity, anticipating many of today's ideas about changes in individuality. Huxley's overarching system of concepts and his coherent logical principles were so far ahead of their time that they remain valid to this day. In part, this is because his explicitly Darwinian approach carefully distinguished between the integrated form and function of hierarchies within organisms and loosely defined, nonorganismal ecological communities.
In The Individual in the Animal Kingdom, we meet a youthful Huxley who uses his commanding knowledge of natural history to develop a nonreductionist account of life's complexity that aligns with seminal early insights by Darwin, Wallace, Weismann, and Wheeler. As volume editors Richard Gawne and Jacobus Boomsma point out, this work disappeared into oblivion despite its relevance for contemporary research on organismal complexity and major evolutionary transitions. This MIT Press edition gives Huxley's book a second hearing, offering readers a unique vantage point on the discoveries of evolutionary biology past and present.
The Parent Trap
Authors: Hilger Nate G. 
Published: April 2022

On how parents have been set up to fail, and why helping them succeed is the key to achieving a fair and prosperous society. A Next Big Idea Club nominee.
Few people realize that raising children is the single largest industry in the United States. Yet this vital work receives little political support, and its primary workers—parents—labor in isolation. If they ask for help, they are made to feel inadequate; there is no centralized organization to represent their interests; and there is virtually nothing spent on research and development to help them achieve their goals. It's almost as if parents are set up to fail—and the result is lost opportunities that limit children's success and make us all worse off. In The Parent Trap, Nate Hilger combines cutting-edge social science research, revealing historical case studies, and on-the-ground investigation to recast parenting as the hidden crucible of inequality.
Parents are expected not only to care for their children but to help them develop the skills they will need to thrive in today's socioeconomic reality—but most parents, including even the most caring parents on the planet, are not trained in skill development and lack the resources to get help. How do we fix this?The solution, Hilger argues, is to ask less of parents, not more. America should consider child development a public investment with a monumental payoff. We need a program like Medicare—call it Familycare—to drive this investment. To make it happen, parents must organize to wield their political power on behalf of children—who will always be the largest bloc of disenfranchised people in this country.
The Parent Trap exposes the true costs of our society's unrealistic expectations around parenting and lays out a profoundly hopeful blueprint for reform.
Resilient and Sustainable Energy Infrastructure
Authors: Atkinson Cameron Frederick 
Published: April 2022

Background: Critical infrastructure resilience and sustainability are key components of both the 2015 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, as well as the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (Panda & Ramos, 2020). The recent passing of the 2021 Security Legislation Amendment (Critical Infrastructure) Bill in Australia, coupled with the lack of a governing document at the state level in Tasmania, necessitates a review to uncover the governance settings, which will aide in increasing the resilience and sustainability of energy infrastructures in Tasmania.
Methods/Design: Following the 2015 PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols), the review will focus on scholarly sources that address the governance of energy infrastructures. An initial deductive data extraction template has been created to help structure data extraction from included studies. In addition to governance settings, secondary evidence will be sought regarding interruptions to energy infrastructures; policy problems and solutions; and resilience and sustainability definitions. Should other themes emerge, the data extraction template will be updated.
Discussion: Findings from this review will contribute to a more complete understanding of how the resilience and sustainability of energy infrastructures may be increased via deeper knowledge of their governance settings. Tasmanian policy-makers, practitioners, industry specialists, and researchers may use this research to inform and enhance their decision-making on this important topic.
Analysis of professional soccer players in competitive match play based on submaximum intensity periods
Authors: Caro Eduardo , Campos-Vázquez Miguel Ángel , Lapuente-Sagarra Manuel , Caparrós Toni 
Published: April 2022

The main objective of this study is to analyse sub-maximum intensity periods (SubMIP’s) manifested by professional soccer players during official matches (number of events and time spent in each event), according to the player position, match halve and match, and also to group the players according to their SubMip values during the competition.

Methods
We collected a total of 247 individual records of 14 players using Global Positioning System (GPS) during 15 official league matches (Azerbaijan Premier League 2019–2020). We calculated both the number of SubMIPs events and the time each player spent in the SubMIPs zone (threshold of 85% MIP). We analysed the possible independence of the variables with the Kruskal–Wallis test and the possible specific relationships between the groups using a post-hoc analysis with Dunn’s test. In order to explore the possible distribution of physical demands in homogeneous groups, a cluster analysis was performed.

Results
The statistical analysis showed significant differences between the individual variables in the number of events and in the time spent by the player above the threshold in distance covered at speed >19.8 km/h (HSR), distance covered at speed >25.2 km/h (Sprint), acceleration density (AccDens), mean metabolic power (MetPow), metres per minute (Mmin) and high metabolic load distance >25.5 W/kg (HMLD). Differences were also found according to the playing position in MetPow, Mmin and between halves in AccDens, MetPow, Mmin. In the clustering based on the time spent by the player in SubMIPs, three main groups were described: (1) the centroid was located in lower values in each of the variables; (2) there were an accentuation of the AccDens variable; (3) all the variables, except AccDens, were accentuated.

Conclusions
The main differences with regard to SubMIPs were related to the player’s individual physical performance and not to position. However, the player’s position could act as an attractor and show significant differences during matches.
Oral Spray – A Review on Promising Drug Delivery System for Oral Cavity
Authors: Parmar Chirag , Joshi Nidhi , Modi Prachi , Bhavsar Priyank , Desai Nishtha , Patel Adil 
Published: April 2022

Aim: This review aims to compile information related to marketed oral spray preparation along with their formulation and clinical application.
Objective: The main objective of this overview is to study the marketed oral spray dosage form for treatment of different diseases and learn about its advantages over the other oral dosage forms e.g. tablet, capsule, patches etc.
Description: Oral spray with Mucoadhesive polymers forms small droplets that quickly adheres to the mucosal surface and let the drug permeate into the blood circulation easily. The oral mucosa has shown promising results for the systemic absorption of many drugs owing to the highly permeable nature of the mucosal membrane. Oral sprays are very fast, the most effective and easy way to get daily dose vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients ingredients. Due to this advantage oral sprays have emerged as an effective alternative for bypassing extensive first pass effect.
Conclusion: It has been a very well known fact that the oral route of administration is the most popular route of drug administration. However the drwabacks like extensive first pass metabolism and drug degradation in stomach makes this route not suitable for all drugs and thus an alternative oral drug delivery systems are necessary to explaoint benefits of oral route. Many researchers are working to develop oral spray formulations for drugs which need quick permeation followed by quick onset of action and also provide an effective alternative of conventional oral drug delivery systems.
Comparative Evaluation of Anaesthetic Efficacy of Ropivacaine and Articaine with Epinephrine for Buccal Infiltration Anaesthesia in Maxilla Central Incisor and their Effect on Cardiovascular Parameters – A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Joshi Vishwesh Prashant , Rawtiya Manjusha , Attur Kailash , Patel Nikunj , Gurjar Pawan , Chitroda Bhargav 
Published: April 2022

Aim: To compare the effectiveness, latency time and onset of pulpal anaesthesia with 0.5% plain ropivacaine and 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:100 000 and to determine their probable effect on cardiovascular parameters.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, NPDCH, Visnagar, Gujarat between January 1st 2022 and January 31st 2022.
Methodology: 20 patients (10 male, 10 females) age range of 18-36 years were inserted 1.8 mL of the anaesthetic solution for buccal infiltration anaesthesia of maxillary central incisors deprived of caries, restorations or signs of pulpitis. The latency time, onset of pulpal anaesthesia and duration of pulp anaesthesia were assessed with an electric pulp tester. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured before, Immediate and after the onset of pulpal anaesthesia of the solutions. Data was sent for statistical analysis.
Results: The efficacy of anaesthesia of central incisors was 100% for both anaesthetics. The comparison of latency time and onset of pulpal anaesthesia were statistically significant for ropivacaine and articaine. Mean duration was less in Articaine group (206.50 ± 9.34) than Ropivacaine group (318.30 ± 43.21). Ropivacaine caused significant increases in blood pressure and heart rate.
Conclusion: Ropivacaine (0.5%) achieved effective and long duration of pulp anaesthesia. Ropivacaine could be beneficial for long lasting operative procedures without the need for a vasoconstrictor.
Dual Self‐Built Gating Boosts the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhu Xiaohui , Wang Chenyang , Wang Tingli , Lan Haihui , Ding Yu , Shi Hu , Liu Lisi , Shi Haiwen , Wang Luyang , Wang Huiliu , Ding Yiran , Fu Yingshuang , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOptimizing the intrinsic activity of active sites is an appealing strategy for accelerating the kinetics of the catalytic process. Here, a design principle, namely “dual self‐built gating”, is proposed to tailor the electronic structures of catalysts. Catalytic improvement is confirmed in a model catalyst with a ReS2–WS2/WS2 hybridized heterostructure. As demonstrated in experimental and theoretical results, the dual gating can bidirectionally guide electron transfer and redistribute at the interface, endowing the model catalyst with an electron‐rich region. The tailored electronic structures balance the adsorption of intermediates and the desorption of hydrogen synergistically to enhance the reaction kinetics for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Interestingly, the effect of dual gating can be easily amplified by the electric field. The overpotential and Tafel slope (49 mV, 35 mV dec−1) obtained under the electric field for ReS2–WS2/WS2 catalyst with the dual self‐built gating effect are far below than those (210 mV, 116 mV dec−1) of the pure WS2 catalyst, which exhibits nearly four times improvement. The concept of dual gating can be applied to more systems, offering a new guideline for designing advanced electrocatalysts.
Novel Ag‐Mesh Transparent Hybrid Electrodes for Highly Efficient and Mechanically Stable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ji Hong , Huang Jinhua , Zhang Wenxiao , Chen Xiaomei , Lu Yuehui , Ding Chuanfan , Fang Junfeng , Song Weijie , Ai Ling 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetal‐mesh transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs)‐based flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) have been intensively explored to improve the efficiency and stability of the devices, whereas undesired metal‐induced decomposition of perovskite during film formation process could undermine the performance and stability of device. In this work, the authors construct a novel flexible hybrid electrode combining silver (Ag) mesh‐embedded poly(ethylene terephthalate) film (PET/Ag‐mesh) with a thin indium tin oxide (ITO) layer, named PET/Ag‐mesh/ITO, which exhibits outstanding photoelectric properties, chemical stability, and mechanical durability. They introduce the thin ITO film as a barrier layer to protect perovskite from the metal‐induced degradation. In comparison, the PET/Ag‐mesh/ITO based FPSCs achieve an optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.10%, which is among the highest reported values for metal‐mesh based FPSCs to date. Owing to the excellent properties of PET/Ag‐mesh/ITO, the corresponding FPSCs demonstrate extraordinary mechanical and thermal stability, which is comparable to that of their rigid ITO‐based counterparts.
Multimodal Single‐Cell Analyses Outline the Immune Microenvironment and Therapeutic Effectors of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
Authors: Su Fei , Zhang Wei , Meng Lingfeng , Zhang Wei , Liu Xiaodong , Liu Xiaorui , Chen Meng , Zhang Yaoguang , Xiao Fei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) has a significant impact on quality of life, but the etiopathogenesis remains largely unknown. The bladder microenvironment of patients with IC/BPS to obtain biological evidence supporting diagnosis and novel therapy is systematically characterized. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and image mass cytometry (IMC) are applied to bladder biopsies of the IC/BPS cohort. A total of 42 distinct cell clusters are identified from different groups. The increased hyperactivated Th1‐biased response, but not Th2‐biased response, and decreased immunosuppressive Treg are elucidated in the bladder microenvironment of non‐Hunner‐type IC (NHIC)/Hunner‐type IC (HIC). M2/M2‐like macrophage extends in the HIC and M1‐like macrophage extends in NHIC, all of which secrete a range of chemokines with different pattern. The pro‐inflammatory mediators, TNF‐α, produced by tissue‐resident macrophages and IL6, by the inflammatory fibroblasts are identified as key mediators of IC/BPS pathogenesis. Additionally, a regulatory network between different cell types is observed as a shift from structural cell communication in unaffected normal bladder to a Macrophage‐Endothelial‐dominated interactome in NHIC/HIC. The results demonstrate the high heterogeneity in NHIC/HIC, and provide an essential resource for diagnosis, and treatment of IC/BPS in the future by highlighting the importance of the microenvironment of bladder mucosa.