bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogeochemical states, rates, and exchanges exhibit linear responses to large nutrient load reductions in a shallow, eutrophic urban estuary
Authors: Testa Jeremy M. , Boynton Walter R. , Hodgkins Casey L. S. , Moore Amanda L. , Bailey Eva M. , Rambo Johanna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe examined responses of water‐column conditions, sediment‐water fluxes, ecosystem metabolism, and nutrient export in the Back River estuary during the past three decades following multiple phases of nutrient load reductions from a large wastewater treatment plant. Total nitrogen (TN) loads from the treatment plant declined from 7000 kg N d−1 in the mid‐1980s to 1500 kg N d−1 following the implementation of enhanced nutrient removal in late 2017. Total phosphorus (TP) loads declined by ~90% from peaks in the mid‐1980s–1990s and have been stable ever since. In response, TN and TP concentrations measured since 1985 show declines that generally mirror that of loads from the treatment plant, and box model computations suggest significant reductions in nutrient export to adjacent Chesapeake Bay. As a consequence, water‐column chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations have declined modestly over the record, despite inter‐annual variability. This reduction in Chl a coincided with a reduced frequency of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations that would saturate phytoplankton growth, as well as reductions in ecosystem gross primary production and respiration derived from high‐frequency oxygen time‐series. Sediment‐water fluxes of dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen, as well as associated sediment concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon also declined over the record. These temporal patterns were reproduced in a 35‐yr model simulation that suggests a relatively rapid response to reduced organic matter deposition changes. Finally, the recycling of ammonium for a given TN load declined substantially, consistent with high observed rates of denitrification, indicating that well‐mixed estuaries can recover relatively rapidly in response to nutrient remediation.
Complete transition from open surgery to laparoscopy: 8‐year experience with more than 500 laparoscopic living donor hepatectomies
Authors: Rhu Jinsoo , Choi Gyu‐Seong , Kim Jong Man , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Joh Jae‐Won 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study was designed to review laparoscopic living donor liver transplantations (LDLTs) at a single center that achieved complete transition from open surgery to laparoscopy. LDLTs performed from January 2013 to July 2021 were reviewed. Comparisons between open and laparoscopic surgeries were performed according to periods divided into initial, transition, and complete transition periods. A total of 775 LDLTs, 506 laparoscopic and 269 open cases, were performed. Complete transition was achieved in 2020. Bile duct variations were significantly abundant in the open group both in the initial period (30.2% vs. 8.1%; p < 0.001) and transition period (48.1% vs. 24.3%; p < 0.001). Portal vein variation was more abundant in the open group only in the initial period (13.0% vs. 4.1%; p = 0.03). Although the donor reoperation rate (0.0% vs. 4.1%; p = 0.02) and Grade III or higher complication rate (5.6% vs. 13.5%; p = 0.03) were significantly higher in the laparoscopy group in the initial period, there were no differences during the transition period as well as in overall cases. Median number of opioids required by the donor (three times [interquartile range, IQR, 1–6] vs. 1 time [IQR, 0–3]; p < 0.001) was lower, and the median hospital stay (10 days [IQR, 8–12] vs. 8 days [IQR, 7–9]; p < 0.001) was shorter in the laparoscopy group. Overall recipient bile leakage rate (23.8% vs. 12.8%; p < 0.001) and overall Grade III or higher complication rate (44.6% vs. 37.2%; p = 0.009) were significantly lower in the laparoscopy group. Complete transition to laparoscopic living donor hepatectomy was possible after accumulating a significant amount of experience. Because donor morbidity can be higher in the initial period, donor selection for favorable anatomy is required for both the donor and recipient.
A novel frameshift mutation of DVL1‐induced Robinow syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Hu Ruolan , Qiu Yu , Li Yifei , Li Jinrong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRobinow syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the development of multiple systems. Due to its low prevalence and diversity of phenotypic presentation it has been challenging to definitively characterize features of Robinow syndrome.MethodsWe performed DNA extraction, whole‐exome sequencing analysis, and mutation analysis of DVL1 to obtain genetic data on the patient. We subsequently analyzed the patient's clinical and genetic data.ResultsThe proband was a 3‐month‐old female infant who suffered from significant global developmental delay and metabolic disorder. The main clinical manifestations included facial dysmorphisms, bilateral dislocation of the hip joint, and hearing impairment. Whole‐exome sequencing of the patient's DNA revealed a heterozygous mutation of c.1620delC in DVL1. Analysis with the MutationTaster application indicated that both were pathogenic (probability = 1), causing frameshift mutations affecting 107 amino acids (p.S542Vfs*107). Significant structural changes were identified in the amino acid sequence after the WNT signaling‐related DEP domain site was predicted using the AlphaFold Protein structure database. The stability of the three main domains was then evaluated using SWISS‐MODEL, and indicated that the mutation did not alter the DIX, PDZ, or DEP domain sequences. Because all reported pathogenic mutations were located near the DEP domain, we speculated that structural changes around the DEP domain may have impaired WNT domain function and WNT signaling, resulting in Robinow syndrome.ConclusionThe present case suggests that molecular genetic screening is useful for the diagnosis of developmental disorders, particularly in children with a positive family history. In the current patient all the related pathological variants were located within a narrow locus. This report expands the known manifestations of Robinow syndrome and contributes to refinement of its molecular basis.
Novel polarization independent multiband THz perfect metamaterial
Authors: Mathivanan Anbuselvi , Palani Saravanan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe design and characterization of a multiband THz metamaterial are reported in this article. The proposed metamaterial is constructed over the polyimide substrate embedded with a novel ring‐shaped frequency‐sensitive copper trace on the top providing the desired frequency response. The proposed metamaterial is developed from a unit cell with a base cross shape. The arms of the cross shape are deployed with three folded circular resonators providing the desired frequency‐selective property. The proposed metamaterial offers band‐stop characteristics at 0.83, 2.15, 2.91, 4.1, and 4.86 THz. The proposed unit cell metamaterial has the smallest foot‐print of 0.089λo × 0.089λo where λo is the free‐space wavelength. The electric field distribution and surface current contours are used to describe the operation of the proposed metamaterial. The proposed metamaterial has a symmetric configuration resulting in a polarization‐independent operation. The angular stability of the proposed metamaterial is investigated by subjecting the metamaterial to the various oblique incidence of THz radiation. The proposed THz metamaterial unit cell is suitable for THz imaging and spectroscopy applications.
Decision neuroscience and neuroeconomics: Recent progress and ongoing challenges
Authors: Dennison Jeffrey B. , Sazhin Daniel , Smith David V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, decision neuroscience and neuroeconomics have developed many new insights in the study of decision making. This review provides an overarching update on how the field has advanced in this time period. Although our initial review a decade ago outlined several theoretical, conceptual, methodological, empirical, and practical challenges, there has only been limited progress in resolving these challenges. We summarize significant trends in decision neuroscience through the lens of the challenges outlined for the field and review examples where the field has had significant, direct, and applicable impacts across economics and psychology. First, we review progress on topics including reward learning, explore–exploit decisions, risk and ambiguity, intertemporal choice, and valuation. Next, we assess the impacts of emotion, social rewards, and social context on decision making. Then, we follow up with how individual differences impact choices and new exciting developments in the prediction and neuroforecasting of future decisions. Finally, we consider how trends in decision‐neuroscience research reflect progress toward resolving past challenges, discuss new and exciting applications of recent research, and identify new challenges for the field.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Psychology > Emotion and Motivation
Bosonic Ghostbusting: The Bosonic Ghost Vertex Algebra Admits a Logarithmic Module Category with Rigid Fusion
Authors: Allen Robert , Wood Simon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rank 1 bosonic ghost vertex algebra, also known as the $$\beta \gamma $$

β
γ

ghosts, symplectic bosons or Weyl vertex algebra, is a simple example of a conformal field theory which is neither rational, nor $$C_2$$

C
2

-cofinite. We identify a module category, denoted category $$\mathscr {F}$$
F
, which satisfies three necessary conditions coming from conformal field theory considerations: closure under restricted duals, closure under fusion and closure under the action of the modular group on characters. We prove the second of these conditions, with the other two already being known. Further, we show that category $$\mathscr {F}$$
F
has sufficiently many projective and injective modules, give a classification of all indecomposable modules, show that fusion is rigid and compute all fusion products. The fusion product formulae turn out to perfectly match a previously proposed Verlinde formula, which was computed using a conjectured generalisation of the usual rational Verlinde formula, called the standard module formalism. The bosonic ghosts therefore exhibit essentially all of the rich structure of rational theories despite satisfying none of the standard rationality assumptions such as $$C_2$$

C
2

-cofiniteness, the vertex algebra being isomorphic to its restricted dual or having a one-dimensional conformal weight 0 space. In particular, to the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first example of a proof of rigidity for a logarithmic non-$$C_2$$

C
2

-cofinite vertex algebra.
Prevalence and clinical predictors of inappropriate direct oral anticoagulant dosage in octagenarians with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Carbone Andreina , Santelli Francesco , Bottino Roberta , Attena Emilio , Mazzone Carmine , Parisi Valentina , D’Andrea Antonello , Golino Paolo , Nigro Gerardo , Russo Vincenzo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Older age is associated with inappropriate dose prescription of direct oral anticoagulants. The aim of our study was to describe the prevalence and the clinical predictors of inappropriate DOACs dosage among octogenarians in real-world setting.

Methods
Data for this study were sourced from the multicenter prospectively maintained Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Research Database (NCT03760874). Of the AF patients aged ≥ 80 who received DOACs treatment, 253 patients were selected. Participants were categorized as appropriate dosage, overdosage, or underdosage. Underdosage and overdosage were, respectively, defined as administration of a lower or higher DOAC dose than recommended in the EHRA consensus.

Results
A total of 178 patients (71%) received appropriate DOACs dose and 75 patients (29%) inappropriate DOACs dose; among them, 19 patients (25.6%) were overdosed and 56 (74.4%) were underdosed. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that underdosage was independently associated with male gender [OR = 3.15 (95% IC; 1.45–6.83); p < 0.001], coronary artery disease [OR = 3.60 (95% IC 1.45–9.10); p < 0.001] and body mass index [OR = 1.27 (1.14–1.41); p < 0.001]. Overdosage was independently associated with diabetes mellitus [OR = 18 (3.36–96); p < 0.001], with age [OR = 0.76 (95% IC; 0.61–0.96; p = 0.045], BMI [OR = 0.77 (95% IC; 0.62–0.97; p = 0.043] and with previous bleedings [OR = 6.40 (0.7; 1.43–28); p = 0.039]. There wasn’t significant difference in thromboembolic, major bleeding events and mortality among different subgroups. Underdosage group showed a significatively lower survival compared with appropriate dose group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In our analysis, nearly one-third of octogenarians with AF received an inappropriate dose of DOAC. Several clinical factors were associated with DOACs’ overdosage (diabetes mellitus type II, previous bleeding) or underdosage (male gender, coronary artery disease, and higher body mass index). Octogenarians with inappropriate DOACs underdosage showed less survival.
Complications of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and stenosis surgery in patients over 80 s: comparative study with over 60 s and 70 s. Experience with 678 cases
Authors: Aimar Enrico , Iess Guglielmo , Mezza Federica , Gaetani Paolo , Messina Alberto Luca , Todesca Andrea , Tartara Fulvio , Broggi Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is a debilitating condition that carries a high economic burden. As the global population ages, the number of patients over 80 years old demanding spinal fusion is constantly rising. Therefore, neurosurgeons often face the important decision as to whether to perform surgery or not in this age group, commonly perceived at high risk for complications.

Methods
Six hundred seventy-eight elder patients, who underwent posterolateral lumbar fusion for DS (performed in three different centers) from 2012 to 2020, were screened for medical, early and late surgical complications and for the presence of potential preoperative risk factors. Patients were divided in three categories based on their age: (1) 60–69 years, (2) 70–79 years, (3) 80 and over. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the predictive power of age and of other risk factors (i.e., ASA score; BMI; sex; presence or absence of insulin-dependent and -independent diabetes, use of anticoagulants, use of antiaggregants and osteoporosis) for the development of postoperative complications.

Results
In univariate analysis, age was significantly and positively correlated with medical complications. However, when controls for other risk factors were added in the regressions, age never reached significance, with the only noticeable exception of cerebrovascular accidents. ASA score and BMI were the two risk factors that significantly correlated with the higher numbers of complication rates (especially medical).

Conclusion
Patients of different age but with comparable preoperative risk factors share similar postoperative morbidity rates. When considering octogenarians for lumbar arthrodesis, the importance of biological age overrides that of chronological.
Revealing vertical aquifer heterogeneity and hydraulic anisotropy by pumping partially penetrating wells
Authors: Maier Ruth , Leven Carsten , Sánchez-León Emilio , Strasser Daniel , Stoll Maximilian , Cirpka Olaf A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe stratification of sedimentary aquifers introduces spatial variability in hydraulic conductivity, primarily between individual horizontal layers. On larger scales, the vertical heterogeneity enhances hydraulic anisotropy, with the horizontal conductivity typically exceeding the vertical one. In this study, the hydraulic anisotropy of a stratified aquifer is estimated from data of hydraulic tests in which water is sequentially extracted from well sections screened at different depths, and the hydraulic response is measured at various multilevel observation wells. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by field tests in a fluvial gravel aquifer in the Upper Rhine Valley, Germany. A homogeneous anisotropic model, and models with three and five anisotropic layers, are fitted to the measured drawdowns in the steady-shape regime, in which differences in hydraulic head between observation locations do not change over time even though the head values themselves change. The position of the five horizontal layers is based on the lithology of the drilling profile at the pumping-well location. The three-layer model is achieved by merging insensitive or similar layers with sensitive layers. The fits result in estimates of the radial and vertical hydraulic conductivities for all layers of the respective models, which are upscaled to effective parameters over the entire depth in the case of the multilayer models. The homogeneous model shows significantly higher errors than those of the heterogeneous models. The heterogeneous locally anisotropic models not only reveal vertical variability of hydraulic conductivity, but also lead to a three-times larger anisotropy ratio upon upscaling.
Porous and Ultra-Flexible Crosslinked MXene/Polyimide Composites for Multifunctional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Zeng Zhi-Hui , Wu Na , Wei Jing-Jiang , Yang Yun-Fei , Wu Ting-Ting , Li Bin , Hauser Stefanie Beatrice , Yang Wei-Dong , Liu Jiu-Rong , Zhao Shan-Yu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLightweight, ultra-flexible, and robust crosslinked transition metal carbide (Ti3C2 MXene) coated polyimide (PI) (C-MXene@PI) porous composites are manufactured via a scalable dip-coating followed by chemical crosslinking approach. In addition to the hydrophobicity, anti-oxidation and extreme-temperature stability, efficient utilization of the intrinsic conductivity of MXene, the interfacial polarization between MXene and PI, and the micrometer-sized pores of the composite foams are achieved. Consequently, the composites show a satisfactory X-band electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 22.5 to 62.5 dB at a density of 28.7 to 48.7 mg cm−3, leading to an excellent surface-specific SE of 21,317 dB cm2 g−1. Moreover, the composite foams exhibit excellent electrothermal performance as flexible heaters in terms of a prominent, rapid reproducible, and stable electrothermal effect at low voltages and superior heat performance and more uniform heat distribution compared with the commercial heaters composed of alloy plates. Furthermore, the composite foams are well attached on a human body to check their electromechanical sensing performance, demonstrating the sensitive and reliable detection of human motions as wearable sensors. The excellent EMI shielding performance and multifunctionalities, along with the facile and easy-to-scalable manufacturing techniques, imply promising perspectives of the porous C-MXene@PI composites in next-generation flexible electronics, aerospace, and smart devices.
Current Synthetic Approaches to the Synthesis of Carbasugars from Non-Carbohydrate Sources
Authors: Zorin Alexandra , Klenk Lukas , Mack Tonia , Deigner Hans-Peter , Schmidt Magnus S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarbasugars are a group of carbohydrate derivatives in which the ring oxygen is replaced by a methylene group, producing a molecule with a nearly identical structure but highly different behavior. Over time, this definition has been extended to include other unsaturated cyclohexenols and carba-, di-, and polysaccharides. Such molecules can be found in bacterial strains and the human body, acting as neurotransmitters (e.g., inositol trisphosphate). In science, there are a wide range of research areas that are affected by, and involve, carbasugars, such as studies on enzyme inhibition, lectin-binding, and even HIV and cancer treatment. In this review article, different methods for synthesizing carbasugars, their derivatives, and similar cyclohexanes presenting comparable characteristics are summarized and evaluated, utilizing diverse starting materials and synthetic procedures.
Optimal Pitwall Shapes to Increase Financial Return and Decrease Carbon Footprint of Open Pit Mines
Authors: Utili S. , Agosti A. , Morales N. , Valderrama C. , Pell R. , Albornoz G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe steepness of the slopes of an open pit mine has a substantial influence on the financial return of the mine. The paper proposes a novel design methodology where overall steeper pitwalls are employed without compromising the safety of the mine. In current design practice, pitwall profiles are often planar in cross-section within each rock layer; i.e., the profile inclination across each layer tends to be constant. Here instead, a new geotechnical software, OptimalSlope, is employed to determine optimal pitwall profiles of depth varying inclination. OptimalSlope seeks the solution of a mathematical optimization problem where the overall steepness of the pitwall, from crest to toe, is maximized for an assigned lithology, geotechnical properties, and factor of safety (FoS). Bench geometries (bench height, face inclination, minimum berm width) are imposed in the optimization as constraints which bind the maximum local inclination of the sought optimal profile together with any other constraints such as geological discontinuities that may influence slope failure. The obtained optimal profiles are always steeper than their planar counterparts (i.e., the planar profiles exhibiting the same FoS) up to 8° depending on rock type and severity of constraints on local inclinations. The design of a copper mine is first carried out employing planar pitwalls, secondly adopting the optimal pitwall profiles determined by OptimalSlope. The adoption of optimal slope profiles leads to a 34% higher net present value and reductions of carbon footprint and energy consumption of 0.17 Mt CO2 eq and 82.5 million MJ respectively due to a 15% reduction of rockwaste volume.
Questions on the Book of Job
Authors: Harvey Warren Zev 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Book of Job treats of the Problem of Evil. It is divided into two documents: (1) the framework story, that is, the Prologue and the Epilogue (Job 1:1–2:13; 42:7–17); and (2) the speeches by Job, his friends, and God. In the framework story, Job is presented as a just man who serves God in good times and bad (Job 1:21; 2:10). In the speeches, God is accused by Job of ‘destroying the hope of man’ (Job 14:19). God replies with an ad hominem argument: ‘Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth?’ (Job 38:4). If God argues that it is unfair for humans to judge God, Job argues that it is unfair for God to judge humans.
Parker Solar Probe Imaging of the Night Side of Venus
Authors: Wood Brian E. , Hess Phillip , Lustig‐Yaeger Jacob , Gallagher Brendan , Korwan Daniel , Rich Nathan , Stenborg Guillermo , Thernisien Arnaud , Qadri Syed N. , Santiago Freddie , Peralta Javier , Arney Giada N. , Izenberg Noam R. , Vourlidas Angelos , Linton Mark G. , Howard Russell A. , Raouafi Nour E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present images of Venus from the Wide‐Field Imager for Parker Solar Probe (WISPR) telescope on board the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft, obtained during PSP's third and fourth flybys of Venus on 2020 July 11 and 2021 February 20, respectively. Thermal emission from the surface is observed on the night side, representing the shortest wavelength observations of this emission ever, the first detection of the Venusian surface by an optical telescope observing below 0.8 μm. Consistent with previous observations at 1 μm, the cooler highland areas are fainter than the surrounding lowlands. The irradiances measured by WISPR are consistent with model predictions assuming a surface temperature of T = 735 K. In addition to the thermal emission, the WISPR images also show bright nightglow emission at the limb, and we compare the WISPR intensities with previous spectroscopic measurements of the molecular oxygen nightglow lines from Venus Express.