bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thin layer chromatography/desorption flame‐induced atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry for the analysis of volatile and semi‐volatile mixtures
Authors: Shiea Jentaie , Lin Hsing‐Jung , Bhat Suhail Muzaffar , Lee Chi‐Yang , Huang Min‐Zong , Ponnusamy Vinoth Kumar , Cheng Sy‐Chyi 
Published: October 2022

Flame‐induced atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (FAPCI) has been used to directly characterize chemical compounds on a glass rod and drug tablet surfaces. In this study, FAPCI was further applied to interface thin layer chromatography (TLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) for mixture analysis.MethodsA micro‐sized oxyacetylene flame was generated using a small concentric tube system. Hot gas flow and primary reactive species from the micro‐flame were directed toward a developed TLC gel plate to thermally desorb and ionize analytes on the gel surface. The resulting analyte ions subsequently entered the MS inlet for detection.ResultsA 1–1.5‐mm‐wide light‐brown line was observed on the TLC plate after the desorption FAPCI/MS (DFAPCI/MS) analysis, revealing that the gel surface withstood a high temperature from the impact of the micro‐flame. Volatile and semi‐volatile chemical compounds, including amine and amide standards, drugs, and aromatherapy oils, were successfully desorbed, ionized, and detected using this TLC/DFAPCI/MS. The limit of detection of TLC‐DFAPCI/MS was determined to be 5 ng/spot for dibenzylamine and ethenzamide.ConclusionsTLC/DFAPCI/MS is one of the simplest TLC‐MS interfaces showing the advantages such as low costs and an easy set up. The technique is useful for characterizing thermally stable volatile and semi‐volatile compounds in a mixture.
An Overview of Natural and Synthetic Phthalides Involved in Cancer Studies: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Sadıkoğulları Bleda Can , Şenel Pelin , Çini Nejla , Faysal Abdullah Al , Odabaşoğlu Mustafa , Özdemir Ayşe Daut , Gölcü Ayşegül 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhthalides, mainly isolated from two genera: Ligusticum and Angelica of the Apiceae (syn Umbelliferae) family, are thought to be a potent natural compound with many therapeutic effects, such as antiplatelet, antitussive, antinociceptive, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and immunosuppressive activities. They also have antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Phthalides are responsible for the characteristic odor of celery. Since ancient times, phthalides containing plants have been used in Asia, Europe, and North America as traditional medicines and food flavoring agents. In this review, we have provided the data regarding the mechanisms of action related with phthalides on different cancer cells, their chemopreventive properties, and their possible therapeutic potential against various types of human cancer. Our attempt is to make a case for the use of phthalide and their derivatives as one of the plant‐based compounds in targeting metabolic treatment of cancer diseases.
Assembly of Artificial Light‐Harvesting Systems Based on Supramolecular Self‐Assembly Metallogels
Authors: Ma Xinxian , Wang Yipei , Lai Yingshan , Ren Tianqi , Tang Jiahong , Gao Yang , Geng Yutao , Zhang Jiali , Yue Jinlong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe have designed and constructed two artificial light‐harvesting systems (ALHSs), which are based on the supramolecular self‐assembly of acylhydrazone functionalized quinoline (L), Al3+ and fluorescent dyes. The L‐Al3+ supramolecular assembly distinctly improved aggregation‐induced emission enhancement and served as a donor for ALHSs. Acridine yellow and acridine orange were found to be good acceptors to realize the energy transfer process with good efficiency.
Interwire and Intrawire Magnetostatic Interactions in Fe‐Au Barcode Nanowires with Alternating Ferromagnetically Strong and Weak Segments
Authors: Samardak Aleksei Yu. , Jeon Yoo Sang , Samardak Vadim Yu. , Kozlov Alexey G. , Rogachev Kirill A. , Ognev Alexey V. , Jeong Eunjin , Kim Gyu Won , Ko Min Jun , Samardak Alexander S. , Kim Young Keun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetallic barcode nanowires (BNWs) composed of repeating heterogeneous segments fabricated by template‐assisted electrodeposition can offer extended functionality in magnetic, electrical, mechanical, and biomedical applications. The authors consider such nanostructures as a 3D system of magnetically interacting elements with magnetic behavior strongly affected by complex magnetostatic interactions. This study discusses the influence of geometrical parameters of segments on the character of their interactions and the overall magnetic behavior of the array of BNWs having alternating magnetization, because the Fe and Au segments are made of Fe‐Au alloys with high and low magnetizations. By controlling the applied current densities and the elapsed time in the electrodeposition, the dimension of the Fe‐Au BNWs can be regulated. This study reveals that the influence of the length of magnetically weak Au segments on the interaction field between nanowires is different for samples with magnetically strong 100 and 200 nm long Fe segments using the first‐order reversal curve (FORC) diagram method. With the help of micromagnetic simulations, three types of magnetostatic interactions in the BNW arrays are discovered and analy. This study demonstrates that the dominating type of interaction depends on the geometric parameters of the Fe and Au segments and the interwire and intrawire distances.
Low‐Energy Hydrogen Ions Enable Efficient Room‐Temperature and Rapid Plasma Hydrogenation of TiO2 Nanorods for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Mayrhofer Leonhard , Keunecke Martin , Estrade Sonia , Lopez‐Conesa Lluis , Moseler Michael , Waag Andreas , Schaefer Lothar , Shi Weidong , Meng Xiangjian , Chu Junhao , Fan Zhiyong , Shen Hao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHydrogenation is a promising technique to prepare black TiO2 (H‐TiO2) for solar water splitting, however, there remain limitations such as severe preparation conditions and underexplored hydrogenation mechanisms to inefficient hydrogenation and poor photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance to be overcome for practical applications. Here, a room‐temperature and rapid plasma hydrogenation (RRPH) strategy that realizes low‐energy hydrogen ions of below 250 eV to fabricate H‐TiO2 nanorods with controllable disordered shell, outperforming incumbent hydrogenations, is reported. The mechanisms of efficient RRPH and enhanced PEC activity are experimentally and theoretically unraveled. It is discovered that low‐energy hydrogen ions with fast subsurface transport kinetics and shallow penetration depth features, enable them to directly penetrate TiO2 via unique multiple penetration pathways to form controllable disordered shell and suppress bulk defects, ultimately leading to improved PEC performance. Furthermore, the hydrogenation‐property experiments reveal that the enhanced PEC activity is mainly ascribed to increasing band bending and bulk defect suppression, compared to reported H‐TiO2, a superior photocurrent density of 2.55 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE is achieved. These findings demonstrate a sustainable strategy which offers great promise of TiO2 and other oxides to achieve further‐improved material properties for broad practical applications.
Unraveling the Synergy of Anion Modulation on Co Electrocatalysts by Pulsed Laser for Water Splitting: Intermediate Capturing by In Situ/Operando Raman Studies
Authors: Begildayeva Talshyn , Theerthagiri Jayaraman , Lee Seung Jun , Yu Yiseul , Choi Myong Yong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHerein, the authors produce Co‐based (Co3(PO4)2, Co3O4, and Co9S8) electrocatalysts via pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) to explore the synergy of anion modulation on phase‐selective active sites in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Co3(PO4)2 displays an ultralow overpotential of 230 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with 48.5 mV dec−1 Tafel slope that outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art Ir/C in OER due to its high intrinsic activity. Meanwhile, Co9S8 exhibits the highest HER performance known to the authors among the synthesized Co‐based catalysts, showing the lowest overpotential of 361 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with 95.8 mV dec−1 Tafel slope in the alkaline medium and producing H2 gas with ≈500 mmol g−1 h−1 yield rate under −0.45 V versus RHE. The identified surface reactive intermediates over in situ electrochemical–Raman spectroscopy reveal that cobalt(hydr)oxides with higher oxidation states of Co‐cation forming under oxidizing potentials on the electrode–electrolyte surface of Co3(PO4)2 facilitate the OER, while Co(OH)2 facilitate the HER. Notably, the fabricated two‐electrode electrolyzers using Co3(PO4)2, Co3O4, and Co9S8 electrocatalysts deliver the cell potentials ≈2.01, 2.11, and 1.89 V, respectively, at 10 mA cm−2. This work not only shows PLAL‐synthesized electrocatalysts as promising candidates for water splitting, but also provides an underlying principle for advanced energy‐conversion catalysts and beyond.
A provably secure, shortest, and efficient identity based signcryption technique in the standard model
Authors: Aithekar Ashutosh , Gupta Pratik , Dharminder Dharminder 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSingcryption is a very important concept to bind confidentiality and authenticity. This is a logical step to reduce both computation and communication costs. The proposed an identity based signcryption that removes the overhead of certificates. The proposed design is provably secure in the standard model (a widely accepted model). Furthermore, the IBSC design uses modified bilinear Diffie‐Hellman inversion and modified strong bilinear Diffie‐Hellman assumption as building blocks of the security. The proposed design is secure, efficient, and shortest to the best of our knowledge. In this design, a user does pairing free computation, and he sends only a triplet on the public channel, that makes it efficient in terms of computation and communication costs.
Leveraging spatiotemporal genomic breeding value estimates of dry matter yield and herbage quality in ryegrass via random regression models
Authors: Bornhofen Elesandro , Fè Dario , Lenk Ingo , Greve Morten , Didion Thomas , Jensen Christian Sig , Asp Torben , Janss Luc 
Published: October 2022

AbstractJoint modeling of correlated multienvironment and multiharvest data of perennial crop species may offer advantages in prediction schemes and a better understanding of the underlying dynamics in space and time. The goal of the present study was to investigate the relevance of incorporating the longitudinal dimension of within‐season multiple measurements of forage perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) traits in a reaction‐norm model setup that additionally accounts for genotype × environment (G × E) interactions. Genetic parameters and accuracy of genomic estimated breeding value (gEBV) predictions were investigated by fitting three genomic random regression models (gRRMs) using Legendre polynomial functions to the data. Genomic DNA sequencing of family pools of diploid perennial ryegrass was performed using DNA nanoball‐based technology and yielded 56,645 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, which were used to calculate the allele frequency‐based genomic relationship matrix. Biomass yield's estimated additive genetic variance and heritability values were higher in later harvests. The additive genetic correlations were moderate to low in early measurements and peaked at intermediates with fairly stable values across the environmental gradient except for the initial harvest data collection. This led to the conclusion that complex (G × E) arises from spatial and temporal dimensions in the early season with lower reranking trends thereafter. In general, modeling the temporal dimension with a second‐order orthogonal polynomial improved the accuracy of gEBV prediction for nutritive quality traits, but no gain in prediction accuracy was detected for dry matter yield (DMY). This study leverages the flexibility and usefulness of gRRM models for perennial ryegrass breeding and can be readily extended to other multiharvest crops.
Multi‐trait genomic prediction improves selection accuracy for enhancing seed mineral concentrations in pea
Authors: Atanda Sikiru Adeniyi , Steffes Jenna , lan Yang , Al Bari Md Abdullah , Kim Jeong‐Hwa , Morales Mario , Johnson Josephine P. , Saludares Rica , Worral Hannah , Piche Lisa , Ross Andrew , Grusak Mike , Coyne Clarice , McGee Rebecca , Rao Jiajia , Bandillo Nonoy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMulti‐trait genomic selection (MT‐GS) has the potential to improve predictive ability by maximizing the use of information across related genotypes and genetically correlated traits. In this study, we extended the use of sparse phenotyping method into the MT‐GS framework by split testing of entries to maximize borrowing of information across genotypes and predict missing phenotypes for targeted traits without additional phenotyping expenditure. Using 300 advanced breeding lines from North Dakota State University (NDSU) pulse breeding program and ∼200 USDA accessions that were evaluated for 10 nutritional traits, our results show that the proposed sparse phenotyping aided MT‐GS can further improve predictive ability by >12% across traits compared with univariate (UNI) genomic selection. The proposed strategy departed from the previous reports that weak genetic correlation is a limitation to the advantage of MT‐GS over UNI genomic selection, which was evident in the partially balanced phenotyping‐enabled MT‐GS. Our results point to heritability and genetic correlation between traits as possible metrics to optimize and further improve the estimation of model parameters, and ultimately, prediction performance. Overall, our study offers a new approach to optimize the prediction performance using the MT‐GS and further highlight strategy to maximize the efficiency of GS in a plant breeding program. The sparse‐testing‐aided MT‐GS proposed in this study can be further extended to multi‐environment, multi‐trait GS to improve prediction performance and further reduce the cost of phenotyping and time‐consuming data collection process.
Chapter 4: The Matrix-Variate Gaussian Distribution
Authors: Mathai Arak , Provost Serge , Haubold Hans 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter relies on various results presented in Chap. 1. We introduce a class of integrals called the real matrix-variate Gaussian integrals and complex matrix-variate Gaussian integrals wherefrom a statistical density referred to as the matrix-variate Gaussian density and, as a special case, the multivariate Gaussian or normal density will be obtained, both in the real and complex domains. Moment generating functions, marginal and conditional distributions, as well as parameter estimates, are derived. Singular distributions are also considered.
Chapter 9: Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Mathai Arak , Provost Serge , Haubold Hans 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe requisite theory for the study of Principal Component Analysis has already been introduced in Chap. 1, namely, the problem of optimizing a real quadratic form that is subject to a constraint. We formulate the problem with respect to a practical situation consisting of selecting the most ``relevant'' variables in a study. Principal component analysis is actually a dimension reduction technique that projects the data onto a set of orthogonal axes. Sample principal components are defined and certain associated distributional aspects are discussed.
The BV action of 3D twisted R-Poisson sigma models
Authors: Chatzistavrakidis Athanasios , Ikeda Noriaki , Šimunić Grgur 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We determine the solution to the classical master equation for a 3D topological field theory with Wess-Zumino term and an underlying geometrical structure of a twisted R-Poisson manifold on its target space. The graded geometry of the target space departs from the usual QP structure encountered in the AKSZ construction of topological sigma models, the obstruction being attributed to the presence of the Wess-Zumino 4-form. Due to the inapplicability of the AKSZ construction in this case, we set up the traditional BV/BRST formalism for twisted R-Poisson sigma models in any dimension, which feature an open gauge algebra and constitute multiple stages reducible constrained Hamiltonian systems. An unusual feature of the theories is that they exhibit non-linear openness of the gauge algebra, in other words products of the equations of motion appear in them. Nevertheless, we find the BV action in presence of the 4-form twist in 3D, namely for a specific 4-form twisted (pre-)Courant sigma model. Moreover, we provide a complete set of explicit formulas for the off-shell nilpotent BV operator for untwisted R-Poisson sigma models in any dimension.
Gravity and the crossed product
Authors: Witten Edward 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recently Leutheusser and Liu [1, 2] identified an emergent algebra of Type III1 in the operator algebra of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory for large N. Here we describe some 1/N corrections to this picture and show that the emergent Type III1 algebra becomes an algebra of Type II∞. The Type II∞ algebra is the crossed product of the Type III1 algebra by its modular automorphism group. In the context of the emergent Type II∞ algebra, the entropy of a black hole state is well-defined up to an additive constant, independent of the state. This is somewhat analogous to entropy in classical physics.
Posterior acetabular wall morphology is an independent risk factor that affects the occurrence of acetabular wall fracture in patients with traumatic, posterior hip dislocation
Authors: Graulich Tilman , Gräff Pascal , Omar Pacha Tarek , Örgel Marcus , Macke Christian , Omar Mohamed , Krettek Christian , Liodakis Emmanouil 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Smaller posterior acetabular walls have been shown to independently influence the risk for bipolar hip dislocation. We asked whether differences would also be observed in patients with traumatic posterior hip dislocation with and without posterior wall fractures.

Methods
Between 2012 and 2020 we observed 67 traumatic posterior hip dislocations. Of these, 43 traumatic posterior hip dislocations in 41 patients met the inclusion criteria. Eighteen dislocations were excluded with an acetabular fracture other than posterior wall fracture and six dislocations had insufficient computed tomography (CT) data. The mean age was 41 ± 11 years, 32 males and nine females. We observed 26 traumatic hip dislocations with posterior wall fractures and 17 without. All patients underwent polytrauma CT scans and postoperative/postinterventional pelvic CT scans. On axial CT-scans, posterior wall determining angles were measured.

Results
Patients with posterior wall fractures were not significantly older than patients without posterior wall fractures (42 ± 12 vs. 38 ± 10 years; p = 0.17). Patients without posterior wall fractures had significantly smaller posterior acetabular sector angles (84° ± 10°) than did patients with posterior wall fractures (105° ± 12°) (p < 0.01; OR 1.178). Likewise, the posterior wall angle was significantly smaller in patients without posterior wall fracture (62° ± 9°) than in those with posterior wall fractures (71° ± 8°) (p < 0.01; OR 1.141).

Conclusion
Both posterior acetabular sector angle and posterior wall angle are independent factors determining the posterior wall fracture morphology in patients with traumatic posterior hip dislocation. Age and the observed trauma mechanism did not differentiate between traumatic posterior hip dislocations with and without posterior wall fractures.
LC–MS/MS and GC–MS based phytochemical perspectives and antimicrobial effects of endophytic fungus Chaetomium ovatoascomatis isolated from Euphorbia milii
Authors: Shaker Kamel H. , Zohair Moustafa M. , Hassan Amal Z. , Sweelam Heba-tollah M. , Ashour Warda E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Euphorbia milii was evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, unicellular yeast, and filamentous fungi. Chaetomium ovatoascomatis NRC was identified morphologically and genetically as the most active strain. The total ethyl acetate extract of C. ovatoascomatis NRC demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteric, and fungi; Aspergillus niger with MIC of 62.5 ug/ml. Whereas n-hexane fraction demonstrated broader activity against Gram-positive; Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus cereus, Gram-negative; Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteric, fungi; Candida albicans and F. solani. LC–MS/MS analysis of ethyl acetate strain extract and GC–MS analysis of the n-hexane fraction were used to identify the metabolites of the strain extract. LC–MS/MS determined three major metabolites with potential antimicrobial activities including grevilline B, aflatoxin G2 and apigenin. GC–MS analysis of n-hexane fraction tentatively identified 30 compounds, where 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester was the major compound.
Ferroptosis Inducers in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Sekhar Konjeti R. , Cyr Sriram , Baregamian Naira 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposePapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) progression imparts reduced patient survival. Tumor resistance and progression can be influenced by Glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) regulates GSH oxidation to prevent lipid peroxidation of cell membranes during increased oxidative stress and regulates ferroptosis cell death pathway in tumor cells. This study examines the differential ferroptosis effects by GPX4 inhibitors in thyroid cancer cell and 3‐D spheroid in vitro models.Materials and methodsWe examined differential effects of GPX4 inhibitors on PTC cells (K1, MDA‐T32, MDA‐T68) with BRAF and RAS mutations, and TERT promoter and PIK3CA co‐mutations. The effects of GPX4 inhibitors on ferroptosis activation, proliferation, oxidative stress, and activation of signaling pathways were assessed by Western blot, total (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, ROS induction, RT‐qPCR, migration, and proliferation assays.ResultsGPX4 inhibitors induced ferroptosis, rising ROS, GSH depletion, arrested tumor cell migration, increased DNA damage, suppressed mTOR pathway and DNA repair response in PTC cells in vitro. Differential responses to DNA damage and GPX4 levels were observed between 3‐D PTC spheroids and thyroid cancer cells in a monolayer model.ConclusionEffective GPX4 inhibition with various inhibitors induced a robust but differential activation of ferroptosis in monolayer thyroid tumor cell and 3‐D PTC spheroid models. Our study is the first of its kind to determine the differential effects of GPX4 inhibitors on thyroid cancer cells with diverse mutational signatures. We have identified a novel mechanism of action of GPX4 inhibition in preclinical in vitro models of thyroid cancer that can be further exploited for therapeutic benefit in advanced therapy‐resistant thyroid cancers.