bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A molecular link between autophagy and circadian rhythm in plants
Authors: Chen Weijun , Hu Zhaotun , Yu MengTing , Zhu Sirui , Xing Junjie , Song Limei , Pu Wenxuan , Yu Feng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtremely high or low autophagy levels disrupt plant survival under nutrient starvation. Recently, autophagy has been reported to display rhythms in animals. However, the mechanism of circadian regulation of autophagy is still unclear. Here, we observed that autophagy has a robust rhythm and that various autophagy‐related genes (ATGs) are rhythmically expressed in Arabidopsis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual‐luciferase (LUC) analyses showed that the core oscillator gene TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) directly binds to the promoters of ATG (ATG1a, ATG2, and ATG8d) and negatively regulates autophagy activities under nutritional stress. Furthermore, autophagy defects might affect endogenous rhythms by reducing the rhythm amplitude of TOC1 and shortening the rhythm period of CIRCADIAN CLOCK‐ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1). Autophagy is essential for the circadian clock pattern in seedling development and plant sensitivity to nutritional deficiencies. Taken together, our studies reveal a plant strategy in which the TOC1‐ATG axis involved in autophagy‐rhythm crosstalk to fine‐tune the intensity of autophagy.
A distinct cognitive profile in individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome
Authors: Klaiman C. , White S. P. , Saulnier C. , Murphy M. , Burrell L. , Cubells J. , Walker E. ,   The Emory 3q29 Project, Mulle J. G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground3q29 deletion syndrome is associated with mild to moderate intellectual disability as well as comorbid psychopathology such as ADHD, anxiety, ASD and schizophrenia. A greater understanding of specific profiles that could increase risk for psychopathology is necessary in order to best understand and support individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome. The goal of this study was to thus carefully outline the strengths and weaknesses of these individuals. A second goal was to ask whether the cognitive impact of the deletion predicted psychopathology in other domains.MethodsWe systematically evaluated cognitive ability, adaptive behaviour and psychopathology in 32 individuals with the canonical 3q29 deletion using gold‐standard instruments and a standardised phenotyping protocol.ResultsMean full scale IQ was 73 (range 40–99). Verbal subtest score (mean 80, range 31–106) was slightly higher and had a greater range than non‐verbal subtest score (mean 75, range 53–98). Spatial ability was evaluated in a subset (n = 24) and was lower than verbal and non‐verbal ability (mean 71, range 34–108). There was an average 14‐point difference between verbal and non‐verbal subset scores; 60% of the time the verbal subset score was higher than the non‐verbal subset score. Study subjects with a verbal ability subtest score lower than the non‐verbal subtest score were four times more likely to have a diagnosis of intellectual disability (suggestive, P value 0.07). The age at which a child first spoke two‐word phrases was strongly associated with measures of verbal ability (P value 2.56e‐07). Cognitive ability was correlated with adaptive behaviour measures (correlation 0.42, P value 0.02). However, although group means found equivalent scores, there was, on average, a 10‐point gap between these skills (range −33 to 33), in either direction, in about 50% of the sample, suggesting that cognitive measures only partially inform adaptive ability. Cognitive ability scores did not have any significant relationship to cumulative burden of psychopathology nor to individual neurodevelopmental or psychiatric diagnoses.ConclusionsIndividuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome have a complex pattern of cognitive disability. Two‐thirds of individuals with the deletion will exhibit significant strength in verbal ability; this may mask deficits in non‐verbal reasoning, leading to an overestimation of overall ability. Deficits in verbal ability may be the driver of intellectual disability diagnosis. Cognitive ability is not a strong indicator of other neurodevelopmental or psychiatric impairment; thus, individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome who exhibit IQ scores within the normal range should receive all recommended behavioural evaluations.
Use of tannin extract as a strategy to reduce methane in Nellore and Holstein cattle and its effect on intake, digestibility, microbial efficiency and ruminal fermentation
Authors: Perna Junior Flavio , Galbiatti Sandoval Nogueira Ricardo , Ferreira Carvalho Roberta , Cuellar Orlandi Cassiano Eduardo , Mazza Rodrigues Paulo Henrique 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study was carried out to evaluate the use of tannin extract from Acacia mearnsii as a strategy to reduce methane (CH4) in two distinct cattle genotypes and its effect on intake, digestibility, microbial efficiency and ruminal fermentation. Four Nellore (Bos indicus) and four Holstein (Bos taurus) dry cows fitted with rumen cannula were assigned to two 4 × 4 Latin square design, in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, where each genotype represented a square receiving four tannin levels (commercial extract of A. mearnsii) in the diet (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of dry matter). Tannin levels used did not cause a reduction in feed intake or rumen passage rate for both genotypes (p > 0.05), although there was a linear reduction in the degradation rate and ruminal disappearance of diet (p < 0.05). The increase in tannin levels reduced the amount of entodiniomorph protozoa in the Nellore cattle (p < 0.05). There was no change in N retention or microbial efficiency (p > 0.05), despite the linear reduction of nutrient digestibility and the synthesis of microbial nitrogen (p < 0.05). The ruminal CH4 production was reduced (p < 0.05) without reducing the short‐chain fatty acid production. The threshold of 0.72% of tannin in the diet was estimated as the starting point for the reduction of ruminal CH4 production with long‐term efficacy. Therefore, the use of low levels of tannin extract from A. mearnsii is a potential option to manipulate rumen fermentation in Nellore and Holstein cattle and needs to be further investigated.
Online training for parents of children with developmental disabilities in a low‐resource community: A pilot feasibility study
Authors: Terol Adriana Kaori , Lee James D. , Martin Loya Melanie R , Meadan Hedda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChallenging behaviors interfere with children's learning, prosocial interactions, and family dynamics. Parents may benefit from receiving training in behavioral principles to prevent and reduce challenging behaviors, especially in low‐resourced communities where services are scarce and scattered. This study implemented an adapted online training on behavioral principles with 15 parents of children with developmental disabilities in Paraguay. Analysis of the pretest and posttest assessment data indicated that parents' knowledge of behavioral principles overall increased, and some changes were found in the reported usage of positive parenting practices. Moreover, qualitative interviews with participants revealed that the intervention delivery in Paraguay was considered acceptable. Therefore, providing access to online training in low‐resourced communities may be a feasible and accessible intervention for parents of children with developmental disabilities.
Automatic detection method of tunnel lining multi‐defects via an enhanced You Only Look Once network
Authors: Zhou Zhong , Zhang Junjie , Gong Chenjie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAiming to solve the challenges of low detection accuracy, poor anti‐interference ability, and slow detection speed in the traditional tunnel lining defect detection methods, a novel deep learning‐based model, named You Only Look Once network v4 enhanced by EfficientNet and depthwise separable convolution (DSC; YOLOv4‐ED), is proposed. In the YOLOv4‐ED, EfficientNet is used as the backbone to improve the identification accuracy of indistinguishable defect targets in complex tunnel background and light conditions. Furthermore, DSC block is introduced to reduce the storage space of the model and thereby enhance the detection efficiency. The experimental results indicate that the mean average precision,F1 score,Model Size, andFPSof YOLOv4‐ED are 81.84%, 81.99%, 49.3 MB, and 43.5 f/s, respectively, which is superior to the comparison models in both detection accuracy and efficiency. Based on robust and cost‐effective YOLOv4‐ED, a tunnel lining defect detection platform (TLDDP) with the capacity of automated inspection of various lining defects (i.e., water leakage, crack, rebar‐exposed) is built. The established TLDDP can realize the high‐precision and automatic detection of multiple tunnel lining defects under different lighting and complex background conditions of the practical in‐service tunnel.
Reliability of reward ERPs in middle‐late adolescents using a custom and a standardized preprocessing pipeline
Authors: Hámori György , Rádosi Alexandra , Pászthy Bea , Réthelyi János M. , Ulbert István , Fiáth Richárd , Bunford Nóra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite advantage of neuroimaging measures in translational research frameworks, less is known about the psychometric properties thereof, especially in middle‐late adolescents. Earlier, we examined evidence of convergent and incremental validity of reward anticipation and response event‐related potentials (ERPs) and here we examined, in the same sample of 43 adolescents (Mage = 15.67 years; SD = 1.01; range: 14–18; 32.6% boys), data quality (signal‐to‐noise ratio [SNR]), stability (mean amplitude across trials), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α and split‐half reliability) of the same ERPs. Further, because observed time course and peak amplitude of ERP grand averages and thus findings on SNR, stability, and internal consistency may depend on preprocessing method, we employed a custom and a standardized preprocessing pipeline and compared findings across those. Using our custom pipeline, reward anticipation components were stable by the 40th trial, achieved acceptable internal consistency by the 19th, and all (but the stimulus‐preceding negativity [SPN]) achieved acceptable SNR by the 41st trial. Initial response to reward components were stable by the 20th trial and achieved acceptable internal consistency by the 11th and acceptable SNR by the 45th trial. Difference scores had worse psychometric properties than parent measures. Time course and peak amplitudes of ERPs and thus results on SNR, stability, and internal consistency were comparable across preprocessing pipelines. In case of reward anticipation ERPs examined here, 41 trials (+4 artifacted and removed) and, in case of reward response ERPs, 45 trials (+5 artifacted) yielded stable and internally consistent estimates with acceptable SNR. Results are robust across preprocessing methods.
An integrated environmental risk assessment framework for coal‐fired power plants: A fuzzy logic approach
Authors: Bartan Ayfer , Kucukali Serhat , Ar Irfan , Baris Kemal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study quantifies the environmental risk of a coal‐fired thermal power plant during operation by using environmental monitoring data, site surveys, and documented evidence. The following criteria are assessed: emissions (CO, SO2, NOx, PM10), impact on aquatic ecosystem (fish protection at cooling water intake and cooling water discharge temperature), and waste management (fly ash and bottom ash). Fuzzy sets were defined for each criterion, taking environmental regulatory context as an expert judgment. A survey was conducted with multiple stakeholders to determine the relative importance of risk factors. The survey results showed that the most concerned risks are SO2and NOxemissions. The proposed method estimates the risk of each environmental criterion separately and then accumulates them into an environmental risk index (ERI). Accordingly, we assessed the Catalagzi coal‐fired power plant, which has been in operation on the Black Sea coast in northwestern Turkey. For this case study, the ERI resulted in a value of 0.78 (on a scale of 0–1), showing high environmental risk to the facility. Moreover, the applicability of the proposed framework was tested in several existing coal‐fired power plants using simultaneous measurements. All studied coal‐fired power plants in Turkey have unacceptable pollutants (PM10, SO2, and NOx) concentration levels indicating high health risk potential. The application of the integrated environmental risk assessment framework showed that new environmental regulations are needed in Turkey to specify more strict emission limits and to monitor CO2, fine particulate matter emissions, cooling water discharge, and fish protection at cooling water intake.
School Closures and Rural Population Decline*
Authors: Sageman Joseph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince 1998, more than 6,000 public schools have closed in rural U.S. counties. Very little research considers how these school closures impact the future growth (or decline) of rural communities. Given rural schools' importance to parents, local labor markets, and civic life, closures could trigger or reinforce population loss. On the other hand, the configuration of schools may simply be a consequence of population loss and not a cause. This paper tests these hypotheses using records from the Common Core of Data (CCD) and U.S. Census. Employing an instrumental variable analysis that exploits exogenous variation in school district boundaries and a difference‐in‐difference design that groups counties by propensity scores, I find that school closures induce population loss in many—but not all—cases. Specifically, counties with the lowest propensities to close schools experience the largest negative effects on population. This finding suggests that policymakers often overlook potentially important unintended consequences of school consolidation in rural communities.
Xenogeneic Sertoli cells modulate immune response in an evolutionary distant mouse model through the production of interleukin‐10 and PD‐1 ligands expression
Authors: Vegrichtova Marketa , Hajkova Michaela , Porubska Bianka , Vasek Daniel , Krylov Vladimir , Tlapakova Tereza , Krulova Magdalena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmunomodulatory mechanisms of Sertoli cells (SCs) during phylogeny have not been described previously. This study attempted to reveal mechanisms of SC immune modulation in an evolutionary distant host.MethodsThe interaction of the SC cell line derived from Xenopus tropicalis (XtSC) with murine immune cells was studied in vivo and in vitro. The changes in the cytokine production, the intracellular and surface molecules expression on murine immune cells were evaluated after co‐culturing with XtSCs. Migration of XtSCs in mouse recipients after intravenous application and subsequent changes in spleen and the testicular immune environment were determined by flow cytometry.ResultsThe in vitro co‐culture model was established, allowing the study of XtSCs interaction with murine immune cells. Intracellular staining of interleukin (IL‐)10 revealed a significant increase in its expression in macrophages and B cells co‐cultured with XtSCs, compared to both unstimulated cells and xenogeneic control. On the contrary, a significant decrease in Th lymphocytes expressing interferon‐gamma was observed. The expression of both PD‐1 ligands (PD‐L1 and PD‐L2) was upregulated on the macrophage surfaces after co‐culture with XtSCs, but not with the controls. XtSCs migrated specifically to testes when administered intravenously and modulated systemic and local testicular microenvironment; this was detected by the expression of molecules associated with suppressive phenotype by CD45+ cells in both spleen and testes.ConclusionWe have demonstrated for the first time that SCs can migrate and modulate immune response in a phylogenetically distant host. It was further observed that SCs induce expression of molecules associated with immunosuppression, such as IL‐10 and PD‐1 ligands.
Cardiorespiratory responses to muscle metaboreflex activation in fibrosing interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chen Charlotte , Kolbe John , Wilsher Margaret L. , De Boer Sally , Paton Julian F. R. , Fisher James P. 
Published: March 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
We determined whether sensory feedback from metabolically sensitive skeletal muscle afferents (metaboreflex) causes a greater ventilatory response and higher dyspnoea ratings in fibrosing interstitial lung disease (FILD).
What is the main finding and its importance?
Ventilatory responses and dyspnoea ratings during handgrip exercise and metaboreflex isolation were not different in FILD and control groups. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to handgrip were attenuated in FILD but not different to controls during metaboreflex isolation. These findings suggest that the muscle metaboreflex contribution to the respiratory response to exercise is not altered in FILD.
AbstractExercise limitation and dyspnoea are hallmarks of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (FILD); however, the physiological mechanisms are poorly understood. In other respiratory diseases, there is evidence that an augmented muscle metaboreflex may be implicated. We hypothesized that metaboreflex activation in FILD would result in elevated ventilation and dyspnoea ratings compared to healthy controls, due to augmented muscle metaboreflex. Sixteen FILD patients (three women, 69±14 years; mean±SD) and 16 age‐matched controls (four women, 67±7 years) were recruited. In a randomized cross‐over design, participants completed two min of rhythmic handgrip followed by either (i) two min of post‐exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO trial) to isolate muscle metaboreflex activation, or (ii) rested for four min (Control trial). Minute ventilation (; pneumotachometer), dyspnoea ratings (0–10 Borg scale), mean arterial pressure (MAP; finger photoplethysmography) and heart rate (HR; electrocardiogram) were measured. was higher in the FILD group at baseline and exercise increased similarly in both groups. remained elevated during PECO, but there was no between‐group difference in the magnitude of this response (Δ FILD 4.2 ± 2.5 L·min–1 vs. controls 3.6 ± 2.4 L·min–1, P = 0.596). At the end of PECO, dyspnoea ratings in FILD were similar to controls (1.0 ± 1.3 units vs. 0.5 ± 1.1 units). Exercise increased MAP and HR (P < 0.05) in both groups; however, responses were lower in FILD. Collectively, these findings suggest that there is not an augmented effect of the muscle metaboreflex on breathing and dyspnoea in FILD, but haemodynamic responses to handgrip are reduced relative to controls.
El área de protección de vistas relevantes urbanas como zona de amortiguamiento del centro histórico de Camagüey, Cuba
Authors: Almeida Torrens Marisabel , Gómez Consuegra Lourdes 
Published: March 2022

La protección de vistas relevantes en un centro histórico como parte del plan de ordenamiento urbano y de su gestión, y la determinación de una precisa zona de amortiguamiento para la preservación del mismo de inserciones indeseables, son problemáticas que no han encontrado con frecuencia respuestas adecuadas.
Mediante el enfoque de paisaje urbano histórico se diseña una herramienta de análisis para delimitar las unidades de paisaje en sus diferentes escalas y estudiar la protección de los principales recursos paisajísticos del centro histórico de Camagüey, Cuba, desde el punto de vista perceptual.
Se logra así obtener un plan general de protección de vistas relevantes que complementa el Plan General de Ordenamiento de la ciudad y el Plan Parcial de su centro histórico, así como los instrumentos para los estudios a diferentes escalas, estableciendo una zona de amortiguamiento precisa, indispensable para armonizar la incorporación de elementos contemporáneos en los diferentes entornos.
El trabajo forma parte del desarrollo de una tesis doctoral en proceso.
Coefficients and Orders Identification of Fractional Order Systems Based on Block Pulse Functions Through Two-Stage Algorithm
Authors: Zhang B. , Tang Y. G. , Zhang J. , Lu Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method based on a two-stage algorithm to simultaneously identify the coefficients and fractional differentiation orders of fractional order systems (FOSs) with commensurate order. The proposed method adopts the fractional integral operational matrix of block pulse functions (BPFs) to convert the FOS to a linear parameter regression equation. Then, a two-stage algorithm is developed to identify the coefficients and orders. First, with the orders fixed, the coefficients are identified using the instrumental variable-based recursive least square algorithm. Then, with the identified coefficients fixed, the orders are estimated using the Gauss–Newton iterative algorithm. The above process iterates until the stop criterion is met. Two identification examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Assessment of a Treadmill Speed Incline Conversion Chart: A Validation Study
Authors: Foreman Nicholas A. , Lee Emma J. , Lundstrom Christopher J. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To investigate the validity of a treadmill speed incline conversion chart using physiological and subjective measures. Methods: Two groups of experienced runners (SLOW and FAST: divided based on their easy run pace) ran 6 speed incline combinations for 5 minutes each. Stages were equivalent according to the HillRunner.com chart, and stage order was randomized. Due to limitations of the chart, SLOW (n = 11) ran at inclines up to 4%, while FAST (n = 22) ran at inclines up 10%. Oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, blood lactate, overall rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and leg RPE were measured for each stage. VO2 was compared against the VO2 predicted by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) equation (ACSM VO2). Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to detect differences between stages and inclines, and Hedges g was used as a measure of effect size. Results: Pooled results (0%−4%, N = 33) showed no incline effect on VO2, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, blood lactate, or RPE (P > .05; ), validating the chart at these inclines. At or above 6%, meaningful and significant increases occur in VO2 (g > 0.9, P < .05), with increases in heart rate, blood lactate, and leg RPE at higher inclines. ACSM VO2 underestimated oxygen consumption at all inclines up to 8% (P < .05) but not at 10% (45.9 [4.0] vs 46.7 [2.4] mL·kg−1·min−1; P = .186). Conclusion: The HillRunner.com chart is only valid at or below 4%. At higher inclines, supposedly equivalent stages result in increased exercise intensity. ACSM VO2 underestimates VO2 in trained runners at inclines up to 8%.
Neural Network-Based Decoding Input Stimulus Data Based on Recurrent Neural Network Neural Activity Pattern
Authors: Bartsev S. I. , Baturina P. M. , Markova G. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The paper reports the assessment of the possibility to recover information obtained using an artificial neural network via inspecting neural activity patterns. A simple recurrent neural network forms dynamic excitation patterns for storing data on input stimulus in the course of the advanced delayed match to sample test with varying duration of pause between the received stimuli. Information stored in these patterns can be used by the neural network at any moment within the specified interval (three to six clock cycles), whereby it appears possible to detect invariant representation of received stimulus. To identify these representations, the neural network-based decoding method that shows 100% efficiency of received stimuli recognition has been suggested. This method allows for identification the minimum subset of neurons, the excitation pattern of which contains comprehensive information about the stimulus received by the neural network.