bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Atlas for Siting Parameters project: Extreme wind, turbulence, and turbine classes
Authors: Larsén Xiaoli Guo , Davis Neil , Hannesdóttir Ásta , Kelly Mark , Svenningsen Lasse , Slot René , Imberger Marc , Olsen Bjarke Tobias , Floors Rogier 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe Global Atlas for Siting Parameters project compiles a suite of models into a complex modeling system, uses up‐to‐date global datasets, and creates global atlases of siting parameters at a spatial resolution of 275 m. These parameters include the 50‐year wind, turbulence, and turbine class recommendations based on relevant generic turbines. The suite of models includes the microscale Linear Computational Model (LINCOM), a statistical, spectral correction method here revised for strong convective areas and tropical cyclone affected areas, two turbulence models with four setups, and load models. To this complexity, an uncertainty model was developed to classify the various sources of uncertainties for both the extreme wind and the turbulence calculations, and accordingly, atlases of uncertainty classification were created. Preliminary validation of the global calculations of the 50‐year wind and turbulence is done through comparisons with measurements, and the results are promising. This is the first time the siting parameters are obtained with such a high spatial resolution and shared on open data portal. It is expected to benefit the global wind energy planning and development.
Ladoga as a Gateway on the Road from the Varangians to the Greeks: Icelandic Sagas on Security Measures, Eleventh–Thirteenth Centuries
Authors: Jackson Tatjana N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHospitality in the Middle Ages was inseparable from security measures. A welcomed guest was the one who was not feared. A settlement in the lower reaches of the Volkhov River named Ladoga (Old Ladoga) used to serve as a gateway on the water route from Scandinavia (via the Baltic Sea) to Old Rus’ and back (the so-called route “from the Varangians to the Greeks”). In this chapter, using the material of the Old Norse-Icelandic literature (sagas, chronicles, and law-codes) and Russian chronicles, as well as archaeological data, I am going to discuss the role of Ladoga as an intermediate station on the way from Scandinavia to Novgorod and back. It will be demonstrated that travelers to Old Rus’ were forced to make a halt in Ladoga to send their messengers to the central authorities based in Novgorod in order to conclude a temporary truce and receive a certain guarantee of safety on the way to Novgorod and back for all those who had arrived. Trade and control functions of the Ladoga region are clearly traced during the period of the Novgorod-Hanseatic trade. But scholars believe they were inherited from much earlier times. Perhaps in the sagas we find confirmation of this assumption.
Overview of HPCAT and capabilities for studying minerals and various other materials at high-pressure conditions
Authors: Bommannavar Arunkumar , Chow Paul , Ferry Rich , Hrubiak Rostislav , Humble Freda , Kenney-Benson Curtis , Lv Mingda , Meng Yue , Park Changyong , Popov Dmitry , Rod Eric , Somayazulu Maddury , Shen Guoyin , Smith Dean , Smith Jesse , Xiao Yuming , Velisavljevic Nenad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh-Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT) is a synchrotron-based facility located at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). With four online experimental stations and various offline capabilities, HPCAT is focused on providing synchrotron x-ray capabilities for high pressure and temperature research and supporting a broad user community. Overall, the array of online/offline capabilities is described, including some of the recent developments for remote user support and the concomitant impact of the current pandemic. General overview of work done at HPCAT and with a focus on some of the minerals relevant work and supporting capabilities is also discussed. With the impending APS-Upgrade (APS-U), there is a considerable effort within HPCAT to improve and add capabilities. These are summarized briefly for each of the end-stations.
Numerical Investigation on Anisotropy and Shape Effect of Mechanical Properties of Columnar Jointed Basalts Containing Transverse Joints
Authors: Wang Yongyi , Gong Bin , Tang Chun’an 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe studied the non-linear mechanical response and failure mechanism of columnar jointed basalts (CJBs) with transverse joints by modeling meso-mechanics, statistical damage theory and continuum mechanics. The anisotropy and shape effect of CJBs with transverse joints were captured under different lateral pressures. The digital images were transformed into heterogeneous element meshes, and the gradual fracturing process and various failure modes of CJBs were reproduced. The compressive strength (CS) and equivalent deformation modulus (EDM) of CJBs parallel and perpendicular to the column axis were studied. The results show that the U-shaped CS curve of CJB appears as the column dip angle increases, and the CS is obviously improved as the lateral pressure increases when the column dip angle is 0°–90°. When the shape of CJB changes from 6 m × 3 m, 3 m × 3 m to 1.5 m × 3 m, the CS continues to increase. Meanwhile, the transverse joints are proven to be critical for determining the mechanical properties of CJBs at the certain dip angles of columns. However, the high lateral pressure can reduce the CS difference between the CJBs with and without the transverse joints. Besides, as the elastic modulus of joints rises, the CS will grow up, and the EDM will increase first and then almost remain at the same level. The coefficient of rock residual strength has a great influence on the CS at the certain dip angles of columns. Additionally, the model boundary significantly affects the anisotropy and shape effect of mechanical properties of CJBs under compression. These conclusions will improve our knowledge of the failure mechanisms and failure patterns of CJBs containing transverse joints.
Unterrichtsplanungskompetenz von (angehenden) Deutschlehrkräften der Sekundarstufe: Testkonstruktion und Validierung
Authors: König Johannes , Cammann Franca , Bremerich-Vos Albert , Buchholtz Christiane 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungVorgestellt wird ein neu entwickelter Test zur Erfassung von situationsspezifischen Fähigkeiten der Unterrichtsplanung im Fach Deutsch bei (angehenden) Lehrkräften der Sekundarstufe. Drei komplexe Textvignetten zur Kontextualisierung von typischen Planungssituationen sowie anschließende Testfragen beziehen sich auf kognitive Anforderungen der Unterrichtsplanung: Fachwissenschaftliche Aufbereitung, Zielklarheit, Strukturierung, Didaktische Adaptivität. Anhand von vier Untersuchungsstichproben (Bachelor- und Masterstudierende, Referendar*innen, Junglehrkräfte) werden Fragestellungen zur Reliabilität und Validität bearbeitet. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen eine reliable eindimensionale Messung, auch die vier unterschiedenen kognitiven Anforderungen können über Subskalen reliabel gemessen werden. Mit zunehmender Unterrichtserfahrung schneiden die vier Untersuchungsstichproben im Test besser ab, die Gruppenmittelwerte sind jedoch nur zwischen Referendar*innen und Junglehrkräften einerseits und Bachelor- sowie Masterstudierenden andererseits signifikant. Das (über einen zusätzlichen Test erfasste) deutschdidaktische Wissen hat auch über die vorhandene Unterrichtserfahrung hinausgehend einen statistischen Einfluss auf die Planungskompetenz. Implikationen der erzielten Befunde werden mit Blick auf zukünftige Forschung diskutiert.
Sozio-emotionales Erleben von Schule bei Grundschülerinnen und -schülern: Zusammenhänge mit intellektueller Begabung und Schulleistung
Authors: Gnas Jessica , Mack Elena , Matthes Julia , Breit Moritz , Preckel Franzis 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungLeistungsstarke Schülerinnen und Schüler erleben Schule zumeist positiver als leistungsschwächere, während für Schülerinnen und Schüler mit unterschiedlicher intellektueller Begabung die Befundlage nicht eindeutig ist. In dieser Studie wurde das sozio-emotionale Erleben von Schule über die vier Dimensionen Klassenklima, Schuleinstellung, soziale Integration und Gefühl des Angenommen Seins durch die Lehrperson betrachtet. Es wurde untersucht, ob sich 1411 Grundschulkinder der dritten und vierten Klasse in Abhängigkeit von ihrer intellektuellen Begabung (Intelligenz) und ihrer Schulleistung (Durchschnittsnoten) in ihrem sozio-emotionalen Erleben von Schule unterscheiden. Ergebnisse einer Strukturgleichungsmodellierung zeigten, dass unterschiedlich begabte Kinder Schule im Hinblick auf die untersuchten Dimensionen vergleichbar erleben, während leistungsstärkere Kinder Schule sozio-emotional positiver erleben als weniger leistungsstarke Kinder – und zwar unabhängig von ihrer Begabung oder ihrem Geschlecht. Interaktionsanalysen zeigten darüber hinaus, dass für intellektuell überdurchschnittlich begabte Kinder das sozio-emotionale Erleben von Schule nochmals abhängiger von ihrer Schulleistung ist als für intellektuell durchschnittlich oder unterdurchschnittlich begabte Kinder. Implikationen für die Unterrichtspraxis werden diskutiert.
Snow Depth Estimation by using its Drop Size Moment in South Korea Regions
Authors: Choi Jiwon , Chang Ki-Ho , Kim Kyung-Eak , Jeong Jin-Yim , Kim Baek-Jo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a new method of estimating snow depth by using a moment ($${M}_{n}$$

M
n

) of snow particle size distribution ($$SPSD$$

SPSD

). We assumed that estimated snow depth ($$ESD$$

ESD

) is given by a simple relationship: $$ESD$$

ESD

(cm) = $$A$$
A
×$${M}_{n}$$

M
n

, where the parameters, $$A$$
A
and $$n$$
n
are a proportional coefficient and an exponent in the moment formula, respectively. They were determined by a regression analysis between the observed snow depths (OSD) by laser snow depth meter, and the values of $${M}_{n}$$

M
n

from $$SPSD$$

SPSD

observed by Parsivel, installed at three observation sites: Cloud and Physics Observation Site (CPOS), Yongpyeong (YP) and Mokpo (MP) in South Korea. Snow observations were made from November to April: CPOS (2012 to 2015), YP (2015 to 2017) and MP (2005 to 2015). The analysis results indicate that the optimized value of A ranges from 2.16 × 10–5 to 2.28 × 10–5, and the optimized range of n is 2.21 to 2.68. The average values of A and n are 2.47 × 10–5 and 2.21, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) between $$OSD$$

OSD

and $$\overline{ESD}$$

ESD

¯

(obtained by using average values of $$A$$
A
and $$n$$
n
) was 0.81, indicating a fairly good correlation between them. This indicates that $$\overline{ESD}$$

ESD

¯

does appear to have potential for estimating operationally, timely information on snow depth. This study suggests that $$SPSD$$

SPSD

observed by disdrometer (Parsivel or 2DVD) can be also used as an alternative of the typical snow measuring instruments such as snow stake and ultra-sonic snow depth meter.
Antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of plant-derived compounds: a great utility potential for primary, secondary, and tertiary care in the framework of 3P medicine
Authors: Kubatka Peter , Mazurakova Alena , Koklesova Lenka , Samec Marek , Sokol Juraj , Samuel Samson Mathews , Kudela Erik , Biringer Kamil , Bugos Ondrej , Pec Martin , Link Barbara , Adamkov Marian , Smejkal Karel , Büsselberg Dietrich , Golubnitschaja Olga 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThromboembolism is the third leading vascular disease, with a high annual incidence of 1 to 2 cases per 1000 individuals within the general population. The broader term venous thromboembolism generally refers to deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and/or a combination of both. Therefore, thromboembolism can affect both – the central and peripheral veins. Arterial thromboembolism causes systemic ischemia by disturbing blood flow and oxygen supply to organs, tissues, and cells causing, therefore, apoptosis and/or necrosis in the affected tissues. Currently applied antithrombotic drugs used, e.g. to protect affected individuals against ischemic stroke, demonstrate significant limitations. For example, platelet inhibitors possess only moderate efficacy. On the other hand, thrombolytics and anticoagulants significantly increase hemorrhage. Contextually, new approaches are extensively under consideration to develop next-generation antithrombotics with improved efficacy and more personalized and targeted application. To this end, phytochemicals show potent antithrombotic efficacy demonstrated in numerous in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models as well as in clinical evaluations conducted on healthy individuals and persons at high risk of thrombotic events, such as pregnant women (primary care), cancer, and COVID-19-affected patients (secondary and tertiary care). Here, we hypothesized that specific antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of plant-derived compounds might be of great clinical utility in primary, secondary, and tertiary care. To increase the efficacy, precise patient stratification based on predictive diagnostics is essential for targeted protection and treatments tailored to the person in the framework of 3P medicine. Contextually, this paper aims at critical review toward the involvement of specific classes of phytochemicals in antiplatelet and anticoagulation adapted to clinical needs. The paper exemplifies selected plant-derived drugs, plant extracts, and whole plant foods/herbs demonstrating their specific antithrombotic, antiplatelet, and fibrinolytic activities relevant for primary, secondary, and tertiary care. One of the examples considered is antithrombotic and antiplatelet protection specifically relevant for COVID-19-affected patient groups.
Analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of direct rainfall in Lake Tana, Ethiopia
Authors: Eshete Getasew Derso , Asitatikie Asmamaw N. , Almnewu Habtamu Nega , Belew Amanuel Zewdu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Blue Nile’s source, Lake Tana, is the biggest lake in Ethiopia and offers multiple services to local, regional, and international communities. The first step to effectively, efficiently, and sustainably utilizing the services that the lake may provide is to understand its water balance using accurate estimations of its water balance parameters, including direct rainfall. Direct rainfall to Lake Tana is one of the most important water balance terms of the Lake that needs a precise estimate. This study tries to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of direct rainfall to the Lake and estimate the mean annual and mean monthly direct rainfall amount to the lake using sufficient data and appropriate methodologies. 30 years (1986–2015) monthly and mean annual data from 13 meteorological stations were collected and used to analyses the spatial and temporal variability. Spatial and statistical tools were used for data processing, analysis, and presentation. Five interpolation techniques:- Thiessen polygon, spline, isohyetal, inverse distance weighting, and Kriging were considered and their performances were assessed and compared using evaluation criteria. The results indicate that the Isohytal method is slightly better than the other four methods and it is also easy to implement in a geographic information system (GIS) with Geostatic Analysis in ArcGIS. Further, the analysis has shown that the mean annual direct rainfall to Lake Tana is 1313.43 mm with a standard deviation of 259.01. Besides, it has been seen that there is a significant spatial and temporal variability of direct rainfall on Lake Tana. In terms of spatial variability, the Lake gets maximum direct rainfall in its southeastern part with an annual mean value of 1720 mm and a minimum value in its northwest parts with an annual mean value of 860 mm. In terms of Temporal variability, maximum direct rainfall is estimated in July as 374.11 mm in the Summer season and the minimum is less than 12.3 mm depth in December, January, February, and March in Winter.
Role of transcranial Doppler in assessment of cerebral blood flow in full term neonates with extreme unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Kamel Sara Mahmoud , Badr-Eldin Reem Mahmoud , Arafat Mahmoud Mostafa , Hashem Rania H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the difference in cerebral blood flow in neonates with and without extreme unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

Methods
Transcranial Doppler parameters of 26 full term newborns with extreme unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (UCH) were compared to 13 postnatal age and sex matched normal healthy neonates serving as controls. Resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) were measured in the middle cerebral, internal carotid and posterior cerebral arteries on both sides by transcranial color Doppler ultrasound.

Results
An increase in cerebral blood flow (decreased RI, PI and increased PSV) was observed in the extreme unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (UCH) group. There was positive correlation between total serum bilirubin level and peak systolic velocity and vice versa with resistivity and pulsatility indices. Eight neonates developed clinical features of acute bilirubin encephalopathy and showed significantly increased peak systolic velocity in the right middle cerebral artery compared to those with normal outcome. Resistivity index and pulsatility index were lower in patients managed by exchange transfusion compared to those managed with phototherapy.

Conclusion
An increase in cerebral blood flow was observed in neonates with UCH compared to those without hyperbilirubinemia. By assessing the cerebral blood flow velocity, resistivity index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) of particular intracranial arteries, the transcranial Doppler can identify the at-risk neonates, for development of neurological affliction in extreme unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Bullying experiences and mothers’ responses to bullying of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Saigh Budor H. , Bagadood Nizar H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite the fact that children with disabilities generally have been shown to be at a greater risk of bullying, which include physical attacks and threats, being picked on and teased and verbal abuse, there is still a need to understand bullying of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the strategies used by parents to support them in tackling this issue. This study aims to investigate the type and level of occurrence of bullying and parental support for children aged five with ASD who suffer from bullying. This study used both quantitative and qualitative analysis; a questionnaire, distributed to mothers of children with ASD, adopted from the Bullying for ASD Survey developed by Chen and Schwartz (Focus Autism Other Dev Disabil 27(4):200–212, 2012) measured types and frequency of bullying and parental support. An open-ended question was added to the survey to enable parents to write about the ways in which their child was bullied and the ways in which they supported their child. The results showed that while children suffered from all types of bullying, especially being picked on, being excluded and called names. Parental support showed a higher prevalence of involving peers and teachers for the prevention of bullying as well as avoiding strategies which included avoiding bullies and none of the mothers encouraged their children to stand up to bullies.
The Development of a Modern Cellulose Industry in South America
Authors: Klein Herbert S. , Luna Francisco Vidal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBrazil, Chile, and Uruguay today account for well over a third of world exports of cellulose, yet this industry only came into existence in the late twentieth century. The evolution of this industry across the three countries is the object of this study. This nascent industry required direct government support in all three countries to be successful. Forestry laws and government investments in research, education, and factory construction were all needed to encourage local and foreign capital. There were differences among these countries in their linkages to other economic sectors as well as their export mix. But in all three countries, the forestry industry was part of a general modernization of agriculture that allowed for successful competition in world markets.
Short-Sale Constraints and Corporate Investment
Authors: Deng Xiaohu , Gupta Vishal K. , Lipson Marc L. , Mortal Sandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn a sample of non-U.S. regulatory regime shifts, we find that expanded short selling is associated with stock price declines, reductions in capital expenditure, and lower asset growth. In a reversal of results found for U.S. stocks in a study of Regulation SHO by Grullon, Michenaud, and Weston (2015), our results are stronger for large firms than for small firms. We also show that this investment effect is stronger for firms that previously relied on outside financing. Our results suggest that short-sale policies affect corporate investment and that this effect is not driven by capital constraints.
Is there a clinical difference in paediatric congenital cholesteatoma according to age?
Authors: Shin C H , Kang W S , Park H J , Chung J W , Ahn J H 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse surgical outcomes of paediatric patients with congenital cholesteatoma according to age.MethodThis was a retrospective study reviewing the records of 186 children (136 boys and 50 girls) from August 1993 to January 2016. Patients were divided into three age groups (equal to or less than 3 years, over 3 and less than 7 years, and 7 to 15 years).ResultsThere were significant differences in chief complaints, location of cholesteatoma in the middle ear, computed tomography findings, operation methods, ossicular erosion and type of cholesteatoma sac among the three groups. In addition, older age, open type cholesteatoma, ossicular erosion and mastoid invasion of cholesteatoma increased the recurrence rate after surgery. However, despite higher pre-operative air–bone gap in older children, hearing can be improved enough after proper surgery with ossicular reconstruction.ConclusionDelayed detection of paediatric cholesteatoma can lead to extensive disease and the need for an aggressive operation, which can result in worse hearing outcomes and an increased recurrence risk.
Climate Change Mitigation in the Aviation Sector: A Critical Overview of National and International Initiatives
Authors: Mayer Benoit , Ding Zhuoqi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClimate change mitigation calls for the limitation and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across all sectors. However, limiting GHG emissions from aviation has proven to be problematic for technical reasons (e.g., lack of low-carbon alternatives) as well as legal reasons (e.g., international aviation does not readily fall within any one state's jurisdiction). Relevant initiatives have followed two streams. At the international level, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has adopted technical standards and, more recently, a market-based mechanism to limit emissions from international civil aviation. In parallel, states have adopted their own policies and measures to regulate emissions from both domestic and international aviation, ranging from tax and technical standards to traffic management and infrastructural development. While much of the literature on climate change mitigation in the aviation sector has focused on international efforts, this article reveals the importance of understanding the tensions and complementarities of the two streams.