bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic evaluation of nutrition risk screening tools in hospitalized adults with normal weight range, overweight, or obesity: A comparative analysis
Authors: Chites Victória Silva , Burgel Camila Ferri , de Almeida Jussara Carnevale , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMany nutrition risk screening tools include low body mass index (BMI). It remains uncertain whether it affects the validity of these tools in patients with overweight or obesity. We aimed to determine the frequency of malnutrition risk and evaluate its association with hospital length of stay in hospitalized adults according to BMI classification.MethodsSecondary analysis involving inpatients with BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2. Malnutrition risk was assessed using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS‐2002), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire, and Nutritional Risk in Emergency‐2017. Length of hospital stay, in‐hospital mortality, readmission, and mortality within 6 months postdischarge were considered as outcomes.ResultsAmong the 582 patients analyzed, the malnutrition risk ranged from 34.5% to 49.7% in patients with normal weight (n = 171), 20.8% to 33.9% in patients with overweight (n = 221), and 5.3% to 22.1% in patients with obesity (n = 190). Malnutrition risk by the NRS‐2002 was associated with prolonged hospital stay, regardless of BMI category, and with 6‐month hospital readmission in normal weight and those with obesity. The MST was associated with prolonged hospital stay, mortality, and hospital readmission in 6 months in normal‐weight patients and with the first two outcomes in patients with overweight. No tool was associated with in‐hospital death.ConclusionThe prognostic value of nutrition risk screening tools varies according to BMI: the MST appears to be more appropriate for normal‐weight and overweight patients, whereas the NRS‐2002 may be more suitable for patients with obesity.
Enhancing the Fertilizer Value of Recycled Phosphorus for Horticulture Crops Through Acidification and Placement
Authors: Sica Pietro , Müller‐Stöver Dorette , Magid Jakob 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPlacement and acidification pretreatments are strategies to enhance the phosphorus (P) fertilizer value of biowastes. However, their impact on the commercial yield of horticultural crops and the effects on the contents of undesirable elements in the edible product are not well known.AimsThe main objective of this study was to assess how the placement and acidification of biowastes affect commercial yield and nutritional quality of vegetables.MethodsTo investigate this, we selected two byproducts from agroindustries, meat and bone meal (MBM) and digestate solid fraction (DSF), and conducted a pot experiment with peas and onions growing in 10‐L pots. Four treatments were assessed for each biowaste: untreated mixed (UM), untreated placed (UP), acidified mixed (AM), and acidified placed (AP).ResultsAcidification increased the water‐soluble P of both byprodutcs to over 70% of the total P. For DSF, the AP treatment yielded over 100% more than UM, with a fertilizer value exceeding triple superphosphate. However, for MBM, no significant differences were found among UM, AM, and AP treatments, with UP yielding even less than the negative control, indicating a toxicity effect, probably of ammonium that reduced plant growth. Although acidification may have increased the solubility of undesirable elements, it was not reflected in plant composition, as higher P solubility contributed to increased commercial yields, diluting undesirable element content.ConclusionsTherefore, the placement of acidified DSF shows promise in improving fertilizer value, with no adverse effects on the content of undesirable elements in onion bulbs and pea grains.
Exploring the Application of Zeolite Technology in Ethiopia: A Path to Sustainable Agriculture Development
Authors: Nakachew Kelemu , Gelaye Yohannes , Ali Solomon , Gebeyehu Tewabe , Eskezia Alemnesh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEthiopia faces significant agricultural challenges, including soil degradation, nutrient depletion, and water scarcity, which threaten food security and sustainable development. Addressing these issues requires innovative solutions to enhance soil health, conserve water resources, and improve crop productivity. This bibliographic review systematically explores the potential of zeolite technology as a tool for tackling these challenges in Ethiopia. Studies sourced from databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and AGRIS, were analyzed, with 123 articles selected on the basis of relevance, credibility, and data support. Zeolite technology offers multiple benefits, including reducing nutrient leaching by 65%–86%, increasing soil pH levels from 7.05 to 8.12 with a 7.5 t ha−1 zeolite application, and improving grain yields by 15.9%–31.8% across crops like rice, barley, and maize with a 10 t ha−1 application. Despite these advantages, the adoption of zeolite technology in Ethiopia remains limited. This review highlights the need for field trials to assess crop‐specific responses and socio‐economic impacts. If the identified research gaps are addressed, zeolite technology could become an essential component of Ethiopia's agricultural toolkit, enabling farmers to improve productivity, adapt to climate variability, and achieve sustainable food security. Its adoption could transform farming systems, contributing to Ethiopia's resilience against environmental stresses and supporting long‐term agricultural development.
New records of Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Europe
Authors: Marciszak Adrian , Bower Alfie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNew material of Lutra simplicidens, a key species for understanding the evolution of Eurasian Lutrinae, is described from the English site of Corton (0.7‒0.6 Ma) and the Polish site of Żabia Cave (1.7‒1.5 Ma). Both records are represented by incomplete mandibles with partially preserved dentition. The record from Żabia Cave documents the presence of an older and more carnivorous Lutra simplicidens tamanensis. A less carnivorous Lutra simplicidens simplicidens was found in Corton. Both findings contribute valuable data on the evolutionary history of the species.
Paleoearthquakes along the northeastern segment of the Yabrai range‐front fault in the Alashan Block, northeast of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xie Chao , Li Wei , Liu Xiang , Dang Hao , Huang Yuemin , Long Pengwei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Yabrai range‐front fault (YRF) is a large‐scale fault within the Alashan Block, located northeast of the Tibetan Plateau, which has undergone several surface rupture events on the southwestern and middle segments since the late Quaternary. As no relevant research has been conducted on the northeastern segment, paleoseismic data for this area are lacking, which restricts our overall understanding of the spatiotemporal and intensity distribution of strong earthquakes on the YRF. To address this problem, we conducted investigations based on trench wall interpretation and stratigraphic optically stimulated luminescence ages. Four paleoearthquakes were identified in the middle of the northeastern segment, and occurred after 11.6 ± 0.7 ka and between 11.6 ± 0.7 to 6.9 ± 0.5, 6.9 ± 0.5 to 4.8 ± 0.6 and 4.8 ± 0.6 to 3.9 ± 0.7 ka, respectively. Three paleoearthquake events, one of which occurred at around 23.6 ± 1.6 ka, were identified at the northeastern end of the fault. According to the spatiotemporal distribution of the ruptured events on the YRF, the middle segment may be a long seismic gap (~8 ka), and combined with the status of tectonic stress concentration, this segment can be regarded as a zone of high seismic probability with the ability to produce a magnitude 7.2 earthquake. Furthermore, from the late Pleistocene to early Holocene, cascading ruptures may have occurred on the middle and northeastern segments of the YRF, with magnitudes approaching 7.3. In terms of tectonic relationships, we suggest that the YRF and the Langshan piedmont fault are two independent faults even though they are connected.
Differences in the composition of plasma metabolites and intestinal flora of piglets with different weaning weights revealed by untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Geng Yanchao , Li Long , Yuan Xuefeng , Hong Liang , Pu Lei , Qin Shunyi , Li Liuan , Yang Hua , Zhang Jianbin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDPiglets with different weaning body weights exhibit varying growth performance. This study explores the relationship between their plasma metabolites and gut microbiota to reveal differences in metabolic regulation and microbial composition.RESULTSPlasma and colon content samples from piglets of different weaning weights were collected. Untargeted metabolomics, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, multivariate statistics, and bioinformatics were used to identify and compare metabolites.Six key findings emerged. First, 23 differential metabolites were found, with three upregulated in high‐weight piglets and 20 downregulated in low‐weight piglets. A total of 15 were lipids or lipid‐like molecules. Second, metabolic pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the sphingolipid signaling pathway, HIF‐1 signaling pathway, sphingolipid metabolism pathway, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathway were the most significantly affected pathways in the plasma of piglets with different weaning body weights. Third, alpha diversity was lower in low‐weight weaned piglets. Fourth, Lactobacillus was 23.16% in high‐weight piglets, higher than 19.62% in low‐weight ones. Fifth, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that Faecalibacterium is a biomarker for low‐body‐weight piglets and Oscillospira is a biomarker for high‐body‐weight piglets. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis indicated that Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, and Oscillospira were negatively correlated with differential metabolites in plasma.CONCLUSIONThe plasma metabolites and colon microbiota differed between piglets of different body weights. Lipid‐related plasma metabolites contributed to weight variation, being lower in heavier piglets. The colonic microbiota, especially Oscillospira and Roseburia, exhibited strong correlations with these metabolites. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Association of Sarcopenia and Body Composition With Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo in Older Adults
Authors: Demircan Sultan Keskin , Öner Fatih 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesOne‐third of older adults suffer from dizziness and vertigo. Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV), which occurs due to otoconia moving into the semicircular canal, is the most common vestibular disorder. We evaluated the connection between BPPV and geriatric symptoms.MethodsA comprehensive geriatric evaluation included daily living activities, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Geriatric Depression Scale tests for all patients. Patients' nutritional status was assessed using the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment. Body weight and fat free mass were determined from the bioimpedance analyzer. Hand grip strength was measured using an electronic hand dynamometer to determine muscle strength. Sarcopenia was assessed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People‐2 recommendations. The patients were divided into three groups as BPPV‐positive, BPPV‐negative, and healthy (control).ResultsObesity, low muscle mass, dynapenia, gait speed, low gait speed, and history of falling statistically significantly differed between the three groups, but age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, MMSE, depression, number of falls, and comorbid diseases did not differ. The BPPV‐positive group had greater rates of obesity, low muscle mass, dynapenia, and sarcopenia than the control group (p = 0.008, 0.007, 0.01, 0.03). In the unadjusted univariate analysis, low muscle mass, sarcopenia, and obesity were risk factors for “BPPV” (Odds Ratio [OR]: 3.43, Confidence Interval [Cl]: 1.25–9.37, p = 0.016; OR: 3.47, Cl: 1.32–9.13, p = 0.011; OR: 2.71, Cl: 1.09–6.70, p = 0.031).ConclusionsObesity, sarcopenia, and low muscle mass are risk factors for BPPV, and we urge the older population to adopt healthy diet and exercise regimens to reduce BPPV‐related falls.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 2025
Chirp‐Managed, High‐Energy, Low‐Repetition Mamyshev Oscillator Based on Hollow Core Fiber
Authors: Yan Jikun , Xu Duanyang , Lin Di , Mulvad Hans Christian H. , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Abokhamis , Jung Yongmin , Richardson David , Poletti Francesco , Xu Lin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMamyshev oscillator (MO) represents a powerful mode‐locking technique to produce high energy and ultrashort pulses from a fiber system. However, it is challenging to achieve low repetition rates directly from an oscillator while fully exploiting the outstanding characteristics of MOs due to the constraint of large dispersion and high nonlinearity of conventional solid‐core fibers. Here, a new method of combining a low‐dispersion and low‐nonlinearity hollow‐core fiber (HCF) with the MO is proposed to overcome the problem, achieving a reduction in repetition rate from 20 to 1 MHz and realizing sub‐50 fs pulses. Furthermore, the HCF provides anomalous dispersion and offers chirp management in the 1 MHz MO, effectively improving the pulse energy from 381 nJ (20 MHz all‐normal‐dispersion MO) to 514 nJ. The influence of intracavity chirp management is investigated by numerical simulations. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time of realizing high‐energy sub‐50 fs pulses at 1 MHz repetition rate directly from an oscillator. The maximum peak power of the output pulses is more than 100 times higher than the previously reported low‐repetition ultrafast fiber lasers. This high‐performance laser has good potential for applications such as high‐precision micromachining, high‐order nonlinear microscopy imaging, and femtosecond‐laser‐assisted chemical ionization mass spectroscopy.
On space‐like class A$\mathcal {A}$ surfaces in Robertson–Walker spacetimes
Authors: Demirci Burcu Bektaş , Turgay Nurettin Cenk , Şen Rüya Yeğin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this paper, we consider space‐like surfaces in Robertson–Walker spacetimes with the comoving observer field . We study some problems related to such surfaces satisfying the geometric conditions imposed on the tangential and normal parts of the unit vector field , as naturally defined. First, we investigate space‐like surfaces in satisfying that the tangent component of is an eigenvector of all shape operators, called class surfaces. Then, we get a classification theorem for space‐like class surfaces in . Also, we examine minimal space‐like class surfaces in . Finally, we give the parameterizations of space‐like surfaces in when the normal part of the unit vector field is parallel.
FOXM1‐Cx31 Axis Drives Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell‐Like Properties and Chemoresistance
Authors: Chen Yang , Sun Qihui , Zou Qi , Zhu Xiaoqi , Wen Tingting , Li Xiaojia , Li Shu , He Jie , Wei Fang , Xie Keping 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with few effective treatment options. Connexin 31 (Cx31) is a membrane protein capable of forming hexameric channels to facilitate the exchange of metabolites and signaling molecules. Yet, the contribution of Cx31 to the onset and progression of pancreatic cancer remains to be understood. We analyzed Cx31 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines using public databases and experimental models. The correlation between Cx31 expression and clinical outcomes was evaluated. The effects of Cx31 on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, stemness, migration, chemoresistance, and immune infiltration were investigated. Transcriptome analysis and bioinformatics tools were employed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Cx31 was found to be upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, and its high expression correlated with shorter overall survival and higher mortality risk. Cx31 promoted acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia (ADM), stemness, proliferation, migration, metastasis, and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis suggested a positive correlation between Cx31 and stemness‐related genes. Cx31 knockdown altered the expression of genes involved in stemness and chemoresistance pathways, such as Wnt and Notch. Additionally, Cx31 was identified as a direct target of the transcription factor FOXM1, which upregulated its expression. Cx31 plays a multifaceted role in pancreatic cancer, influencing processes from initiation to metastasis and chemoresistance. It may serve as a potential therapeutic target to combat the aggressive nature of pancreatic cancer. The FOXM1‐Cx31 axis could be a promising target for overcoming treatment resistance in pancreatic cancer.
Tumor Microenvironment Targeted by Polysaccharides in Cancer Prevention: Expanding Roles of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites
Authors: Han Shuai , Luo Yi , Hu Zuomin , Li Xinhua , Zhou Yaping , Luo Feijun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSince the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), immunotherapy has been widely used as a novel cancer treatment. However, the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy is largely dependent on the tumor microenvironment (TME). The high degree of heterogeneity within TME remains a major obstacle to acquire satisfactory therapeutic. Emerging studies suggest that gut microbiota is becoming an important regulator of TME. Polysaccharides as tumor immunotherapeutic agents or immune adjuvants not only exhibit antitumor activity by targeting gut microbiota, but also expand their role in the tumor immunotherapy by remodeling TME. To date, the mechanism by which polysaccharides targeting TME for tumor prevention via gut microbiota has not been deeply investigated. In this review, recent advances in the regulation of TME by polysaccharides through gut microbiota were systematically outlined, and the challenges and possible solutions in the clinical application of TME‐targeted polysaccharides were discussed. Exploring the relationship between polysaccharides and TME from the perspective of gut microbiota may provide new ideas for the application of polysaccharides in tumor immunotherapy. This is a new area with major challenges that deserve further exploration.
Epigallocatechin Gallate Alleviates Cisplatin Induced Intestinal Injury in Rats via Inhibiting NRF2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway and Regulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites
Authors: Xu Enshuang , Sun Yue , Yu Zhiying , Zheng Jiasan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCisplatin (CIS) is a broad‐spectrum anticancer drug widely used in the clinic; however, one of its side effects is that it can cause intestinal damage such as loss of appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea in patients. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the main active substances in green tea, which has the effects of antitumor multiple drug resistance, antioxidation, and antiinflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of EGCG on CIS‐induced intestinal injury in rats. First, physiological indices and HE staining indicated that compared with the control group, the physiological state of rats in the CIS group was worse, and the intestinal tissue was damaged, especially the ileum. In contrast, pretreatment with EGCG (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) effectively alleviated the intestinal damage induced by CIS, with the 40 mg/kg dose demonstrating the most substantial protective effect. Additionally, 40 mg/kg EGCG pretreatment mitigated CIS‐induced morphological and ultrastructural damage to intestinal tissues, reduced bacterial translocation, and preserved the integrity of the intestinal barrier. This treatment also altered the abundance of 19 bacterial species, including Lactobacillus and Shigella, and influenced amino acid metabolism and 15 metabolic pathways, including vitamin B6 metabolism by 16S RNA and metabolome sequencing. Furthermore, the expression of proteins associated with autophagy and the NRF2/Keap1 signaling pathway was inhibited. Lastly, ML385 (NRF2 signaling pathway inhibitor) reversed the protective effects of EGCG. Taken together, our findings indicate that EGCG ameliorates CIS induced hepatoenteric toxicity in rats by regulating the intestinal flora and targeting the Nrf2/Keap1 signal axis.
Pitfalls of the E‐Ref Procedure: Tie Values and the Proportion of the Abnormal Data
Authors: Tachiyama Keisuke , Kanbayashi Takamichi , Kawabata Akiko , Hoshino Satoshi , Miyaji Yosuke , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Maruyama Hirofumi , Sonoo Masahiro 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionExtrapolated reference values (E‐Ref) procedure is a new method for determining the cutoff value without collecting the control data. We tried to apply this method to determine the cutoff value for the distal motor latency of the median nerve (median DML). During this process, we found two pitfalls of the E‐Ref method. First, the E‐Ref procedure did not correctly work when the DML values measured with 0.1 ms accuracy frequently took on tie values. Second, the result was influenced by the proportion of abnormal values. This study investigated these issues.MethodsData of the median DML were extracted from our laboratory database. To solve the problem of tie values, we tried a wider post‐smoothing window in the original E‐Ref method. We also devised a modified method conducting pre‐smoothing. To see the effect of the proportion of abnormal data, we simulated many datasets having different proportion of abnormal data.ResultsIn total, 1016 DML values were identified. False deflections due to tie values were often identified as the E‐Ref point using the original methods even using a wider window, resulting in unrealistically low values. Modified method was free from this drawback. For all methods, the E‐Ref value increased as the proportion of abnormal values increased.DiscussionThe problem of tie values, a pitfall of the E‐Ref method, might be solved by pre‐smoothing the data. The E‐Ref value is influenced by the proportion of the normal data, and datasets containing less than 20% abnormal data may achieve appropriate results.
Crack Propagation Prediction Using Partial Differential Equations‐Based Neural Network With Discovered Governing Equations
Authors: Muraoka Genki , Toyoshi Takuya , Arai Yuki , Wada Yoshitaka 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a regularization technique using discovered partial differential equations (PDEs) with an example of a surrogate model of crack propagation. Regularization techniques are so essential in machine learning to improve generalization performance. Recently, physics‐informed neural networks (PINN) have been proposed, which can be trained to solve supervised learning tasks while respecting any given PDE(s). However, the observational data are often measured under complex physical phenomena with fluctuations. PINN is, therefore, difficult to apply to multiphysics problems. Thus, PDE(s) is discovered, and the loss is defined by the weighted sum of the prediction loss and the PDE(s) loss as regularization, which is expected to reduce the validation loss and improve the generalization performance. PDE(s) is discovered using data that have been partially differentiated using Pytorch's automatic differentiation package. Automatic differentiation allows us to discover PDE(s) consisting of input and output parameters. In the surrogate model of crack propagation, the interpretable PDEs were discovered using AI Feynman, which consists of the derivatives of crack propagation vectors and their rate with respect to the coordinates of the analysis model. The validation loss for training constrained by PDEs was reduced by about 93% compared to the unconstrained validation loss. The error in crack length reduced from 2.23% to 0.12%, and the error in crack propagation rate reduced from 19.26% to 1.60%. The effectiveness of the discovered PDE regularization is discussed based on training results.