bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the photoluminescence by engineering surface states/size of S, N co-doped carbon dots for cellular imaging applications
Authors: Sonsin Artur F , Silva Elaine C O , Marques Aldilane L X , Silva Lais V A T , Nascimento Sendy M S , Souza Samuel T , Borbely Alexandre U , Barbosa Cintya D’ Angeles E S , Fonseca Eduardo J S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this research, we have synthesized carbon dots (CDs) co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur by facile hydrothermal method, using citric acid and cysteine as carbon source. The effect of solid-state thermic treatment (STT) at 303–453 K on the size, surface, fluorescence and cellular cytotoxicity of the CDs were systematically investigated. Through a simple STT, it was possible to tune surface states and the average size of the CDs, causing a permanent red shift. Initially, CDs showed a decrease in cell viability with increasing concentration. However, after STT, its viability remained constant with an increase in concentration. Here, we show the possibility to label the cells cytoplasm according to the CDs fluorescence emission before (blue emission) and after STT (red emission). The CDs studied in this paper show selective luminescence properties, which are fundamental for any cell imaging application.
Mg/Al-LDH as a nano-adjuvant for pertussis vaccine: a evaluation compared with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant
Authors: Li Dongdong , Xu Mengjie , Li Gaotian , Zheng Yu , Zhang Yong , Xia Dandan , Wang Shaoning , Chen Yan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been demonstrated as a highly efficient antigen platform to induce effective and durable immune response. However, whether LDH nanoparticles could act as an adjuvant for pertussis vaccines is still unknown. Here we evaluated the potential of Mg/Al-LDH as a nano-adjuvant to improve immune response against pertussis and compared it with commercial aluminum hydroxide (AH) adjuvant. Method. The Mg/Al-LDH nanoparticles were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction. The morphology, structure and size of Mg/Al-LDH were characterized by transmission electron microscope, x-ray diffraction and MALVERN particle analysis. The ovalbumin and Pertussis toxin (PTd) was adsorbed to Mg/Al-LDH. The immune response of antigen-LDH complex was evaluated in mice, compared with commercial adjuvant alum. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the inflammatory response at injection site. Results. The synthetic Mg/Al-LDH nanoparticles showed a typical hexagonal lamellar structure. The average size of synthetic nanoparticles was 102.9 nm with PDI of 0.13 and zeta potential was 44.4 mV. Mg/Al-LDH nanoparticles effectively adsorbed protein antigen and mediated antigen uptake by DC cells. Animal experiments showed that Mg/Al-LDH gave enhancement in anti-pertussis toxin (PTd) humoral immune response, which was considerable to commercial AH adjuvant. Finally, Mg/Al-LDH produced a slighter inflammatory response than AH at injection site and this injury was quickly recovered. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated the potential of Mg/Al-LDH as an effective adjuvant for pertussis vaccine, which induced comparable antibody response and had a better safety compared with commercial AH adjuvant.
Synthesis and solar blind photosensitivity of crystalline boron nanowires
Authors: Tao Yourong , Wu Xingcai , Zhang Dunming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Herein, single crystalline boron nanowires (BNWs) have been synthesized by chemical vapor transport using boron element as boron source, iodine as transport agent, and Au as catalyst. The results demonstrate that BNWs can be all formed at 600 °C–950 °C for 2 h, and possess rhombohedral crystal structure (β-boron). The NWs have diameters from several to hundreds of nanometers, and lengths from several to hundreds of microns. A single nanowire has been fabricated to field effect transistor (FET) which shows excellent solar blind photosensitivity and selectivity. The photo/dark current ratio and photoresponsitity is 1.14 and 97.6 mA W−1 at a bias of 5 V under light illumination of 254 nm with 0.42 mW cm−2, respectively, and both the rising and decay time of the on–off currents are 4.6 s and 10.3 s, respectively. When the FET is used as a personal breath sensor, the ratio of exsufflating and inhaling currents is 2.7, rising and decay time of the breath currents are 0.4 s and 2.2 s, respectively. So the BNWs are important sense materials.
Shadow and photon sphere of black hole in clouds of strings and quintessence *
Authors: He Aoyun , Tao Jun , Xue Yadong , Zhang Lingkai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the shadow and photon sphere of the black bole in clouds of strings and quintessence with static and infalling spherical accretions. We obtain the geodesics of the photons near a black hole with different impact parameters b to investigate how the string cloud model and quintessence influence the specific intensity by altering the geodesic and the average radial position of photons. In addition, the range of the string cloud parameter a is constrained to ensure that a shadow can be observed. Moreover, the light sources in the accretion follow a normal distribution with an attenuation factor γ, and we adopt a model of the photon emissivity

to obtain the specific intensities. Furthermore, the shadow with static spherical accretion is plotted, which demonstrates that the apparent shape of the shadow is a perfect circle, and the value of γ influences the brightness of the photon sphere. Subsequently, we investigate the profile and specific intensity of the shadows with static and infalling spherical accretions, respectively. The interior of the shadows with an infalling spherical accretion will be darker than that with the static spherical accretion, and the specific intensity with both static and infalling spherical accretions gradually converges.
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
Authors: Bonifazi Carla 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Since its prediction in 1974, the measurement of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE υNS) has been a great challenge for many experimentalists. One of the main factors is the small recoil energies of the nucleus produced by this interaction, which is dominant for energies ≾ 50 MeV, for medium target masses. The detection was finally achieved by the COHERENT experiment in 2017 and several other experiments are currently close to performing this measurement for different neutrino energies and sources, thanks to the development of very low threshold and background detectors. Measuring CEυNS opens up new possibilities to test the Standard Model and to look for new physics beyond it. The purpose of this contribution is to provide a brief overview of the state-of-the-art on this subject, with a focus on some of the latest experimental results and future perspectives.
Reactor experiments review
Authors: Jollet Cécile 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Reactors are a copious source of anti-neutrinos and for this reason they have been critical tools to pin down neutrino fundamental properties since their discovery. Depending on the distance between reactor cores and experiments different oscillation parameter regions can be probed: in this review the regimes of very short, short and medium baselines are discussed with highlights on the current results and prospectives. Furthermore the high resolution which can be nowadays achieved allows to understand better the contributions from different fissile elements in the anti-neutrino spectrum. Fuel composition analysis as well as sterile neutrino search are also discussed.
Cosmological radiation density with non-standard neutrino-electron interactions
Authors: Martínez-Miravé Pablo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Non-standard interactions (NSI) between neutrinos and electrons can significantly modify the decoupling of neutrinos from the plasma. These interactions have two effects on the overall picture: (i) they alter neutrino oscillations though matter effects and (ii) they modify the scattering and annihilation processes involving neutrinos and electrons and positrons. We study the role of non-universal and flavour-changing NSI in the decoupling and how they impact the determination of the effective number of neutrinos, N
eff. We examine the degeneracies between NSI parameters and we compare the expected sensitivity from future cosmological surveys with the current limits from terrestrial experiments. We outline the complementarity between both approaches.
Testing fundamental cosmological assumptions with Euclid
Authors: Martinelli M , Martins C J A P , Nesseris S , Tutusaus I , Avgoustidis A , Blanchard A , Camera S , Carbone C , Casas S , Ilić S , Pettorino V , Sakr Z , Sapone D , Yankelevich V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The forthcoming Euclid survey will be able to map the large scale structure with unprecedented precision, with the aim of tightly constraining the standard cosmological model and its most common extensions. The great sensitivity of Euclid can however also be exploited to test our most fundamental assumptions at the basis of the cosmological investigation. In this work we present two recent results of the Euclid Consortium, where forecast Euclid products are used alongside data from other surveys to constrain violation of the distance duality relation and time evolution in the fine-structure constant. We show how Euclid will significantly contribute in constraining these effects, both connected with the presence of new physics beyond the standard cosmological model.
Characterization of an ultra-high purity NaI(Tl) crystal scintillator with the SABRE Proof-of-Principle detector
Authors: Mariani A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The SABRE experiment aims to detect the annual modulation of the dark matter interaction rate by means of ultra-high purity NaI(Tl) crystals. It focuses on the achievement of a very low background to carry out a model-independent and high sensitivity test of the long-standing DAMA result. SABRE has recently completed a Proof-of-Principle (PoP) phase at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, devoted to assess the radiopurity of the crystals. The results on the radiopurity of a 3.4-kg NaI(Tl) crystal scintillator grown within the SABRE Collaboration and operated underground in the SABRE-PoP setup, will be reported and discussed. The amount of potassium content in the crystal, determined by direct counting of 40K, is found to be < 4.7 ppb at 90% CL. The average background rate in the 1-6 keV energy region of interest (ROI) is 1.20 ± 0.05 counts/day/kg/keV, which is, for the first time, comparable with DAMA/LIBRA-phasel. Our background model indicates that this rate is dominated by 210Pb, and that about half of this contamination is located in the PTFE reflector wrapped around the crystal. Ongoing developments aimed at a further reduction of radioactive contaminants in the crystal indicates that a background rate ≤ 0.3 counts/day/kg/keV in the ROI is within reach. This value represents a benchmark for the development of next-generation NaI(Tl) detector arrays for the direct detection of dark matter particles.
Atomic Compton scattering effect on direct dark matter detection
Authors: Fang Chang-Hao , Jia Haitao , Lin Shin-Ted 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Atomic Compton scattering effect significantly contributes to low-energy electronic recoils below its k-shell energy for the direct dark matter detection. Searches on ADM models, dark photon models, leptophilic dark matter models as well as the conventional WIMPs for background understandings are vitally required to clarify the effect. We employed the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) together with the ab initio Multi-Configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) theory to obtain the atomic Compton scattering for Germanium (Ge) Silicon (Si) and Xenon (Xe) atoms. Comparisons on low momentum transfer regions with our calculations for Ge and Si are achieved. In addition, millicharged dark matter particles estimated by RIA in the atomic ionization for Ge and Xe have been evaluated. A factor-of-two discrepancy on the incoherent-scattering factor (a.k.a. scattering function) near 100 eV/c momentum transfer with the Ge system between our calculation and the latest version of Geant4 (10.07.02) simulation data is observed. Plans on the experimental verification and the perspectives of the atomic Compton scattering effect for the direct detections will be discussed.
Dark matter in a charged variant of the Scotogenic model
Authors: Puerta Miguel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Scotogenic models are among the most elegant and economic solutions that provide an explanation for two of the main open questions in particle physics: neutrino masses and dark matter (DM). In this work, after a brief discussion of the model, we present a phenomenological study of the DM candidate in a variant of the Scotogenic model. While in the original Scotogenic scenario the DM candidate can be fermionic or bosonic, only the latter is viable in this version. The presence of new charged states might reveal new regions in the parameter space compatible with current observations.
DM-like anomalies in neutron multiplicity spectra
Authors: Trzaska W. H. , Enqvist T. , Jedrzejczak K. , Joutsenvaara J. , Kasztelan M. , Kotavaara O. , Kuusiniemi P. , Loo K.K. , Orzechowski J. , Puputti J. , Slupecki M. , Szabelski J. , Usoskin I. , Warda T.E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A new experiment collects data, since November 2019, at a depth of 210 m.w.e. in the Callio Lab in the Pyhasalmi mine in Finland. The setup, called NEMESIS (New Emma MEasurementS Including neutronS), incorporates infrastructure from the EMMA experiment with neutron and large-area plastic scintillator detectors. The experiment’s primary aim is to combine muon tracking with position-sensitive neutron detection to measure precision yields, multiplicities, and lateral distributions of high-multiplicity neutron events induced by cosmic muons in various materials. The data are relevant for background evaluation of the deep-underground searches for Dark Matter (DM), neutrino-less double beta decay, etc. Preliminary analysis revealed anomalies in muon-suppressed neutron multiplicity spectra collected during a 344-day run (live time) with a 565 kg Pb target. The spectra, otherwise well described by an exponential fit, show three peaks at high multiplicities. Although still at a low statistical significance, these small excesses match the outcome of an earlier measurement. The nature of the anomalies remains unclear, but, in principle, they may be a signature of self-annihilation of a WIMP with a mass close to 13 GeV/c2. With that assumption, the expected cross-section would be around 10−42 cm2 for Spin-Dependent or 10−46 cm2 for Spin Independent interactions. We propose verifying this hypothesis with an upgraded NEMESIS experiment, able to collect an order of magnitude more data than this measurement. Based on the statistical uncertainty, analysis of the event rate indicates that cross-section limits for DM mass range of approximately 3-40 GeV/c2 can be investigated with such a setup.
Dark Matter Search with the Nuclear Isomer 180mTa
Authors: Lehnert Bjoern 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There is compelling cosmological and astrophysical evidence of dark matter comprising 27% of the energy budget of the Universe. However, dark matter has never been observed in direct detection experiments. The long-time favorite model of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles saw a large experimental effort with steady progress over recent decades. Since also these large-scale searches remain unsuccessful to date, it is compelling to look at more exotic dark matter models which can be constrained with new approaches and much less scientific resources. Using nuclear isomers is one of these approaches.

180m
Ta is the rarest known isotope with the longest-lived meta-stable state whose partial half-life limits are on the order of 1014016 yr. We investigate how strongly interacting dark matter and inelastic dark dark matter collides with 180m
Ta, leading to its de-excitation. The energy stored in the meta-stable state is released in the transition, which becomes the signature for thermalized dark matter in a well-shielded underground experiment.
We report on a direct detection experiment searching for these dark-matter-induced decay signatures which has further constrained the open parameter space. We also propose an indirect geochemical experiment to search for decay products of 180mTa in tantalum minerals accumulated over 1 billion years.
Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes into Light Dark Particles
Authors: Chianese Marco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We propose a novel way of investigating primordial black holes via the direct detection of light species, and viceversa. In particular, we examine the scenario, dubbed as ePBH-DM, where primordial black holes with masses from 1014 to 1016 g evaporate at present times into light dark species with masses smaller than 1 GeV. Such particles are typically emitted with relativistic velocities, thus allowing for their observations in direct detection experiments devoted to dark matter searches. Thus, we show that the latest data of the XENON1T experiment place very stringent constraints on the combined parameter space of primordial black holes and light dark particles.
Direct Detection of Dark Asteroid
Authors: Das Anirban , Ellis Sebastian A.R. , Schuster Philip C. , Zhou Kevin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Macroscopic dark matter is almost unconstrained over a wide “asteroid-like” mass range, where it could scatter on baryonic matter with geometric cross section. We show that when such an object travels through a star, it produces shock waves which reach the stellar surface, leading to a distinctive transient optical, UV and X-ray emission. This signature can be searched for on a variety of stellar types and locations. In a dense globular cluster, such events occur far more often than flare backgrounds, and an existing UV telescope could probe orders of magnitude in dark matter mass in one week of dedicated observation.
PICOLON dark matter search project
Authors: Fushimi K. , Chernyak D. , Ejiri H. , Hata K. , Hazama R. , Iida T. , Ikeda H. , Imagawa K. , Inoue K. , Ishiura H. , Ito H. , Kishimoto T. , Koga M. , Kotera K. , Kozlov A. , Nakamura K. , Orito R. , Shima T. , Takemoto Y. , Umehara S. , Urano Y. , Yamamoto Y. , Yasuda K. , Yoshida S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
PICOLON (Pure Inorganic Crystal Observatory for LOw-energy Neutr(al)ino) aims to search for cosmic dark matter by high purity NaI(Tl) scintillator. We developed extremely pure NaI(Tl) crystal by hybrid purification method. The recent result of 210Pb in our NaI(Tl) is less than 5.7 μBq/kg. We will report the test experiment in the low-background measurement at Kamioka Underground Laboratory. The sensitivity for annual modulating signals and finding dark matter particles will be discussed.
Status of the DEAP-3600 experiment
Authors: Kuźniak Marcin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon (LAr) dark matter detector, located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada, which started taking data in 2016. The detector is sensitive to nuclear recoils induced by scattering of dark matter particles, which would cause emission of prompt scintillation light. DEAP-3600 demonstrated excellent performance, holds the leading WIMP exclusion among LAr detectors, and published several physics results. The WIMP sensitivity of the detector is currently limited by backgrounds induced by alpha activity at the LAr inlet, in a shadowed region of detector. The ongoing hardware upgrade aims at fixing that limitation and, in consequence, at reaching the full WIMP sensitivity. This paper summarizes the latest results from DEAP-3600 and details of the upgrade.
Searching signals of dark matter from unidentified Fermi-LAT objects with H.E.S.S
Authors: Montanari A , Moulin E , Malyshev D , Glawion D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Milky Way-sized galaxies harbor a population of unmerged dark matter subhalos, as shown from cosmological N-body simulations. These subhalos could shine in gamma-rays and be eventually detected as unidentified sources in gamma-ray surveys. From a thorough selection of unidentified Fermi-LAT Objects (UFOs), we observe four UFOs with H.E.S.S. and we search for very high-energy (VHE, E ≥ 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission. Considering dark matter masses above a few hundred GeV, the observed UFOs could be identified as dark matter subhalos, given their hard gamma-ray spectra in the few-ten-to-hundred GeV energy range. Since no significant very-high-energy gamma-ray emission is detected in any of the four UFOs dataset nor in the combined one, we derive constraints on the product of the velocity-weighted annihilation cross-section 〈συ〉 by the J-factor for the dark matter models. We derive 95% CL upper limits on 〈συ〉 J in W
+
W
− and τ+τ− annihilation channels for the TeV dark matter particles. Considering thermal WIMPs, we derive constraints on the J-factors from the H.E.S.S. observations. Assuming model-dependent predictions from cosmological N-body simulations on the J-factor distribution for Milky Way-sized galaxies, the dark matter models with masses greater than 0.3 TeV for the UFO emissions can be ruled out at high confidence level.
Searches for sub-PeV photons in coincidence with neutrinos
Authors: Romanenko V S , Afashokov Yu Z , Dzaparova I M , Dzhappuev D D , Dzhatdoev T A , Gorbacheva E A , Karpikov I S , Khadzhiev M M , Klimenko N F , Kudzhaev A U , Kurenya A N , Lidvansky A S , Mikhailova O I , Petkov V B , Podlesnyi E I , Rubtsov G I , Unatlokov I B , Vaiman I A , Yanin A F , Zhezher Ya V , Zhuravleva K V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The mechanisms of origin of ultrahigh-energy gamma radiation are poorly studied. One way to find out is to search for temporal and directional coincidences of high-energy galactic neutrinos with photons of similar energies. The results of such a search could provide indications of the hadronic origin of this radiation. In this paper, we report on the search for photons with energies above 300 TeV in coincidence with high–energy neutrinos. The searches of ultrahigh–energy gammas were carried out at the Carpet–2 EAS array, using three years of data taking.
A geometrical look at neutrino oscillation probabilities with non-standard interactions
Authors: Masud Mehedi , Mehta Poonam , Ternes Christoph A. , Tórtola Mariam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this talk, we discuss an alternative description of neutrino flavor oscillations using leptonic unitarity triangles (LUT) which allows for geometric visualization of neutrino oscillations. After a brief review of the LUT description of neutrino oscillations for propagation in vacuum and in matter with standard interactions, we discuss how we can extend this approach to describe neutrino oscillations in presence of new physics. We consider non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) as the toy model of new physics. The content presented in this talk is based on Ref. [1].
DUNE Physics Program and Status
Authors: Palomares Carmen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino experiment with a 70-kt liquid argon detector at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) 1300 km from Fermilab. This programme includes studies of neutrino oscillations with a high-intensity muon-neutrino beam from Fermilab; as well as, proton decay and supernova neutrino burst searches. DUNE will resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy to a precision of 5σ, for all δCP values, after 2 years of running with the nominal detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3σ (5σ) after an exposure of 5 (10) years, for 50% of all δCP values. The status and schedule of the project is also presented.