bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual benefits of polyacrylamide and other soil amendments: Mitigation of soil nutrient depletion and improvement of use‐efficiency in midland agro‐ecology, Ethiopia
Authors: Mulualem Temesgen , Adgo Enyew , Meshesha Derege Tsegaye , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Haregeweyn Nigussie , Tsubo Mitsuru , Kebede Birhanu , Ebabu Kindiye , Berihun Mulatu Liyew , Wubet Anteneh , Fekadu Genetu , Demissie Simeneh , Masunaga Tsugiyuki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolyacrylamide (PAM) mitigates soil nutrient depletion and increases nutrient utilization; however, the effect of PAM combined with other amendments have not been tested much under field condition. The objective of our study was, therefore, to identify the best combination of amendments that can improve soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) balances while maximizing utilization efficiency and profitability under teff cultivation. A field experiment was carried out for 2 years in the midland agroecology of Ethiopia. A total of 24 experimental plots were designed using RCBD with three replications. The treatments were PAM (40 kg ha−1), biochar (B = 8 t ha−1), lime (L = 4 t ha−1), gypsum (G = 5 t ha−1), PAM+B, PAM+L, PAM+G, and a control. N and P inflows from atmospheric deposition, biological fixation, and fertilizers; and outflows by water erosion, leaching, gaseous emissions, and harvested products were monitored in all plots via NUTrient MONitoring approach. Results showed that all the applied soil amendments improved nutrient balances (8–134%) compared with the control. Of the measured outflows, harvested products (43–60%) and water erosion (14–31%) were the major contributors to N depletion, followed by leaching (15–23%) and gaseous emissions (11–13%). Among the soil amendments, PAM+L appreciably reduced P loss from water erosion (61%); and N losses from erosion, leaching, and emissions by 55, 10, and 3%, respectively; and increased N use efficiency by 31% compared with the control. Moreover, PAM+L provided a net benefit much higher compared with others. Thus, application of PAM+L would be an effective strategy for sustainable agriculture, especially in acidic and degraded dryland areas.
‘Mother knows best’: Maternal oviposition effects of a range‐expanding insect herbivore degrade coastal wetlands by targeting juvenile foundation plant species
Authors: Ning Zhonghua , Chen Cong , Cui Baoshan , Zhang Yihui , Xie Tian , Wang Qing , Zhu Zhenchang , Bai Junhong , Bouma Tjeerd J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpecies range expansion induced by climate change and human activities threaten native populations and communities across the biosphere. Insect herbivores, important consumers of plants, are known to expand or contract their range under global change, with potential consequences to the newly reached environment. The selection of oviposition sites by herbivorous insects could notably impact offspring performance. However, the role of such effects in impacting the receiving ecosystem has been rarely explored. Here, we provide the first evidence showing that a terrestrial range‐expanding phytophagous wood‐borer moth (Zeuzera leuconotum Butler) heavily attacked the saplings of a foundation plant species tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis) in salt marshes. Long‐term field surveys and laboratory behaviour experiments revealed that the oviposition preference of adult females was beneficial to their larval performance. The preference to oviposit on young branches of the new host plants, which were often softer and contained enough nutrients for larval development, indicates that females could still make the right choice on novel host‐plants. This finding supports the ‘mother knows best’ hypothesis that female insects will evolve to oviposit on hosts on which their offspring fare best. Consequently, the survival of host‐plant saplings decreased dramatically under this top‐down control, revealing that herbivory of this range‐expanding insect has a profound negative impact on the recruitment and succession of coastal foundation species, thereby potentially leading to saltmarsh degradation. These findings highlight the importance of the maternal oviposition effects in range‐expanding insects and how these populations can establish using novel host‐plants and threaten coastal wetlands.
Disease surveillance by artificial intelligence links eelgrass wasting disease to ocean warming across latitudes
Authors: Aoki Lillian R. , Rappazzo Brendan , Beatty Deanna S. , Domke Lia K. , Eckert Ginny L. , Eisenlord Morgan E. , Graham Olivia J. , Harper Leah , Hawthorne Timothy L. , Hessing‐Lewis Margot , Hovel Kevin A. , Monteith Zachary L. , Mueller Ryan S. , Olson Angeleen M. , Prentice Carolyn , Stachowicz John J. , Tomas Fiona , Yang Bo , Duffy J. Emmett , Gomes Carla , Harvell C. Drew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOcean warming endangers coastal ecosystems through increased risk of infectious disease, yet detection, surveillance, and forecasting of marine diseases remain limited. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows provide essential coastal habitat and are vulnerable to a temperature‐sensitive wasting disease caused by the protist Labyrinthula zosterae. We assessed wasting disease sensitivity to warming temperatures across a 3500 km study range by combining long‐term satellite remote sensing of ocean temperature with field surveys from 32 meadows along the Pacific coast of North America in 2019. Between 11% and 99% of plants were infected in individual meadows, with up to 35% of plant tissue damaged. Disease prevalence was 3× higher in locations with warm temperature anomalies in summer, indicating that the risk of wasting disease will increase with climate warming throughout the geographic range for eelgrass. Large‐scale surveys were made possible for the first time by the Eelgrass Lesion Image Segmentation Application, an artificial intelligence (AI) system that quantifies eelgrass wasting disease 5000× faster and with comparable accuracy to a human expert. This study highlights the value of AI in marine biological observing specifically for detecting widespread climate‐driven disease outbreaks.
A Precisely Designed Composite Actuator with Directionally Fast Actuation, Non‐Contact Operation, and Obstacle‐Penetrating Triggering Ability Using Aligned Nanofibers and Alternating Magnetic Field
Authors: Shao Dongyan , Song Wenjing , Qin Xiaohong , Wang Rongwu , Liu Li 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn alternating magnetic field (AMF)‐induced electrospun fibrous composite actuator with functions of directionally fast actuation, non‐contact operation, and obstacle‐penetrating triggering is demonstrated in this paper for the first time. The porous structure of the electrospun fibrous mat and the built‐in heat source of Fe3O4 particles enable the actuator to have a curvature exceeding 0.4 mm−1 in only 6 s, and similar motions can be triggered even when the composite actuator is covered by a piece of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mat. By changing the angle between the fiber orientation and long axis of the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐4‐acryloyloxybenzophenone) P(NIPAM‐ABP) fibrous mat, the direction of the actuator movement can be precisely controlled. With either a low loading amount of 5 wt% Fe3O4 particles in TPU or a low AFM of 0.5 kA m−1, it is difficult to initiate actuation, but an actuator with 10 or 15 wt% Fe3O4 particles in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in a 2.0 or 3.8 kA m−1 AFM can trigger the actuation effectively.
Decoupled pyramid correlation network for liver tumor segmentation from CT images
Authors: Zhang Yao , Yang Jiawei , Liu Yang , Tian Jiang , Wang Siyun , Zhong Cheng , Shi Zhongchao , Zhang Yang , He Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeAutomated liver tumor segmentation from computed tomography (CT) images is a necessary prerequisite in the interventions of hepatic abnormalities and surgery planning. However, accurate liver tumor segmentation remains challenging due to the large variability of tumor sizes and inhomogeneous texture. Recent advances based on fully convolutional network (FCN) for medical image segmentation drew on the success of learning discriminative pyramid features. In this paper, we propose a decoupled pyramid correlation network (DPC‐Net) that exploits attention mechanisms to fully leverage both low‐ and high‐level features embedded in FCN to segment liver tumor.MethodsWe first design a powerful pyramid feature encoder (PFE) to extract multilevel features from input images. Then we decouple the characteristics of features concerning spatial dimension (i.e., height, width, depth) and semantic dimension (i.e., channel). On top of that, we present two types of attention modules, spatial correlation (SpaCor) and semantic correlation (SemCor) modules, to recursively measure the correlation of multilevel features. The former selectively emphasizes global semantic information in low‐level features with the guidance of high‐level ones. The latter adaptively enhance spatial details in high‐level features with the guidance of low‐level ones.ResultsWe evaluate the DPC‐Net on MICCAI 2017 LiTS Liver Tumor Segmentation (LiTS) challenge data set. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and average symmetric surface distance (ASSD) are employed for evaluation. The proposed method obtains a DSC of 76.4% and an ASSD of 0.838 mm for liver tumor segmentation, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art methods. It also achieves a competitive result with a DSC of 96.0% and an ASSD of 1.636 mm for liver segmentation.ConclusionsThe experimental results show promising performance of DPC‐Net for liver and tumor segmentation from CT images. Furthermore, the proposed SemCor and SpaCor can effectively model the multilevel correlation from both semantic and spatial dimensions. The proposed attention modules are lightweight and can be easily extended to other multilevel methods in an end‐to‐end manner.
A novel method to measure sensory nerve conduction of the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Authors: Hemmi Shoji , Kurokawa Katsumi , Nagai Taiji , Asano Akio , Murakami Tatsufumi , Mihara Masahito , Sunada Yoshihide 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPosterior antebrachial cutaneous (PABC) nerve conduction studies could be useful for distinguishing PABC neuropathy from C7 radiculopathy. In the conventional method using an antidromic method, the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) is sometimes followed by a large volume‐conducted motor potential. In this report we describe a reliable nerve conduction study using an orthodromic method for recording SNAPs of the PABC nerve.MethodsThirty‐six healthy volunteers participated in this study. PABC SNAPs were recorded by placing a surface‐active electrode 2 cm anterior to the lateral epicondyle. The PABC nerve was stimulated 10 cm distal to the active recording electrode along a line from the recording point to the mid‐dorsum of the wrist, midway between the radial and ulnar styloid processes. We also performed PABC nerve conduction studies using an antidromic method and compared the findings.ResultsPABC SNAPs were recorded bilaterally from all subjects. The mean peak‐to‐peak amplitude for SNAPs was 13.4 ± 4.8 μV. Mean maximum conduction velocity was 62.7 ± 3.9 m/s and mean negative peak conduction velocity was 51.2 ± 2.6 m/s. The mean side‐to‐side difference in amplitude was 22.1 ± 16.0%. The mean amplitude of SNAPs obtained by our method was 48.9% higher than that of SNAPs obtained by the conventional method (13.4 vs 9.0 μV; P < .001). In contrast to the conventional method, our method enabled SNAPs to be recorded without a volume‐conducted motor potential.DiscussionThe higher mean amplitude of SNAPs with our method enables them to be obtained easily.
Hybrid effect of nanoparticles presence on low‐velocity impact resistance in sandwich panels
Authors: Emamieh Hamid Reza , Yarmohammad Tooski Mehdi , Jabbari Mohsen , Khorshidvand Ahmad Reza 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConsidering the massive employment of sandwich panels in multifarious applications, numerous research studies have been conducted on their impact resistance enhancement, one of which, is via simultaneous nanoparticles incorporation including various amounts of silica nanoparticles, clay nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in to sandwich panels, composed of two glass fiber epoxy composite face sheet and polyvinyl chloride core to render them reinforced. The research objective is to experimentally scrutinize the behavior of nano reinforced sandwich panels under low‐velocity impact test conducted at different energy levels. The damaged areas of the panels were investigated via scanning electron microscopy, the result of which demonstrated that the impact resistance of the sandwich panel can be improved by the integration of nanoparticles. The incorporation of 0.3% of CNT, 1% of nano clay, and 3% of nano silica enhanced maximum contact force by 18.6%, compared to the unreinforced equivalent. Increasing the weight fraction of both CNTs and silica nanoparticles, made contribution to sandwich panels impact resistance increase. The presence of nano clay up to 1 wt% improved the maximum contact force; however, the integration of it into matrix more than 1 wt% led to the reduction of maximum contact force, thus weakened the impact resistance of sandwich panel.
Identification of pregnancies and infants within a US commercial healthcare administrative claims database
Authors: Bertoia Monica L. , Phiri Kelesitse , Clifford C. Robin , Doherty Michael , Zhou Li , Wang Laura T. , Bertoia Natalie A. , Wang Florence T. , Seeger John D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeHealth care insurance claims databases are becoming a more common data source for studies of medication safety during pregnancy. While pregnancies have historically been identified in such databases by pregnancy outcomes, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) Z3A codes denoting weeks of gestation provide more granular information on pregnancies and pregnancy periods (i.e., start and end dates). The purpose of this study was to develop a process that uses Z3A codes to identify pregnancies, pregnancy periods, and links infants within a commercial health insurance claims database.MethodsWe identified pregnancies, gestation periods, pregnancy outcomes, and linked infants within the US‐based Optum Research Database between 2015 and 2020 via a series of algorithms utilizing diagnosis and procedure codes on claims. The diagnosis and procedure codes included ICD‐10‐CM codes, Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes.ResultsWe identified 1 030 874 pregnancies among 841 196 women of reproductive age. Of pregnancies with livebirth outcomes, 84% were successfully linked to infants. The prevalence of pregnancy outcomes (livebirth, stillbirth, ectopic, molar, and abortion) was similar to national estimates.ConclusionsThis process provides an opportunity to study drug safety and care patterns during pregnancy and may be replicated in other claims databases containing ICD‐10‐CM, CPT, and HCPCS codes. Work is underway to validate and refine the various algorithms.
Hydrophilic macroporous monoliths with tunable water uptake capacity fabricated by water‐in‐oil high internal phase emulsion templating
Authors: Li Jin‐Jin , Wu You , Luo Zheng‐Hong , Zhou Yin‐Ning 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, a series of well‐defined amphiphilic di‐block copolymers poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐polystyrene (PEO43‐b‐PSx) with different PS segment lengths of x = 41, 78, and 130 units were synthesized through activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP). The as‐prepared block copolymers successfully stabilized the water‐in‐oil (W/O) high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) containing pH responsive monomers 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA). The effect of macro‐surfactant loading, PS segment length, and DMAEMA/DEAEMA content on the stability of HIPEs and the corresponding polyHIPE structure were investigated. Results show that the average void size of polyHIPE decreases with the increase of surfactant concentration. Macroporous morphologies with closed‐cell or open‐cell can be manipulated by surfactant loading as well. The openness of polyHIPE decreases as the increase in hydrophobic PS segment length. Compared to DMAEMA containing HIPE systems, stable DEAEMA containing HIPEs are more easily obtained by using the as‐prepared macro‐surfactant. Stable HIPE with a relatively large amount of DEAEMA, up to 70 vol% of oil‐phase has been achieved. The obtained PDEAEMA‐co‐PS polyHIPEs derived from 0.116 mol% PEO43‐b‐PS41 stabilized emulsion templates show pH responsiveness towards water absorption and the highest acidic water uptake capacity can be up to 6.6 times its weight at equilibrium state. This work paves the way for the preparation of hydrophilic macroporous monolith from stable W/O HIPE template, and confirms the strength of macro‐surfactant in such an approach.
Experimental Investigation on Fracture Properties of HTPB Propellant with Circumferentially Notched Cylinder Sample
Authors: Wang Zhejun , Qiang Hongfu , Wang Jiaxiang , Duan Leiguang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo comprehensively understand the fracture properties of solid propellants, the mode I tensile fracture toughness tests at different temperatures (253.15–343.15 K) and loading rates (2–500 mm/min) were conducted on the newly designed circumferentially notched cylinder sample with different initial crack sizes (4.5 and 6.5 mm) for hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant. Test results reveal that the shape of the tensile fracture stress‐strain curves was not significantly influenced by temperature, loading rate and the initial crack size. Higher loading rate and lower temperature can lead to a rise in the tensile fracture toughness of HTPB propellant described by the stress intensity factor, however, continuously increasing loading rate cannot dramatically improve this fracture toughness beyond the rate of 250 mm/min. In addition, the fracture toughness is more sensitive to temperature. Furthermore, the variation of the initial crack size causes obvious changes in the fracture toughness with the coupled effects of low temperature and higher loading rates. At these test conditions, a higher tensile fracture toughness can be obtained with the shorter initial crack. For all the test conditions, there is a linear rise in the strain corresponding to the fracture toughness as temperature increases. Meanwhile, this strain increases with the shorter initial crack. Whereas, the effect of loading rate on this strain is complex. Based on the time‐temperature superposition principle (TTSP), the master curves with a log‐curvilinear form were constructed to predict the mode I tensile fracture toughness of the propellant at different initial crack sizes in a wide range of loading conditions.
Investigating the molecular mechanisms of glyoxal‐induced cytotoxicity in human embryonic kidney cells: Insights from network toxicology and cell biology experiments
Authors: Liu Dan , Chen Junliang , Xie Yanzhen , Mei Xueying , Xu Chengbin , Liu Jianli , Cao Xiangyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlyoxal, a reactive carbonyl species, can be generated both endogenously (glucose metabolism) and exogenously (cigarette smoke and food system). Increasing evidence demonstrates that glyoxal exacerbates the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, but the underlying mechanisms of glyoxal toxicity to human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells remain unclear. In this work, the molecular mechanisms of glyoxal‐induced cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells were explored with network toxicology and cell biology experiments. Network toxicology results showed that oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)/RAGE signaling pathways played a crucial role in glyoxal toxicity. Next, further validation was performed at the cellular level. Glyoxal activated the AGEs‐RAGE signaling pathway, caused the increase of cellular ROS, and activated the p38MAPK and JNK signaling pathways, causing cellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, glyoxal caused the activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway and increased the expression of TGF‐β1, indicating that glyoxal caused cellular inflammation. Moreover, glyoxal caused cellular DNA damage accompanied by the activation of DNA damage response pathways. Finally, the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated. The results that obtained in cell biology were consistent with network toxicology, which corroborated each other and together indicated that glyoxal induced HEK293 cells damage via the process of oxidative stress, the AGEs‐RAGE pathway, and their associated signaling pathways. This study provides the experimental basis for the cytotoxicity of glyoxal on HEK293 cells.
Rac1 regulates lipid droplets formation, nanomechanical, and nanostructural changes induced by TNF in vascular endothelium in the isolated murine aorta
Authors: Pacia Marta Z. , Chorazy Natalia , Sternak Magdalena , Fels Benedikt , Pacia Michal , Kepczynski Mariusz , Kusche-Vihrog Kristina , Chlopicki Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEndothelial inflammation is recognized as a critical condition in the development of cardiovascular diseases. TNF-induced inflammation of endothelial cells is linked to the formation of lipid droplets, augmented cortical stiffness, and nanostructural endothelial plasma membrane remodelling, but the insight into the mechanism linking these responses is missing. In the present work, we determined the formation of lipid droplets (LDs), nanomechanical, and nanostructural responses in the model of TNF-activated vascular inflammation in the isolated murine aorta using Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We analysed the possible role of Rac1, a major regulator of cytoskeletal organization, in TNF-induced vascular inflammation. We demonstrated that the formation of LDs, polymerization of F-actin, alterations in cortical stiffness, and nanostructural protuberances in endothelial plasma membrane were mediated by the Rac1. In particular, we revealed a significant role for Rac1 in the regulation of the formation of highly unsaturated LDs formed in response to TNF. Inhibition of Rac1 also downregulated the overexpression of ICAM-1 induced by TNF, supporting the role of Rac1 in vascular inflammation. Altogether, our results demonstrate that LDs formation, an integral component of vascular inflammation, is activated by Rac1 that also regulates nanomechanical and nanostructural alterations linked to vascular inflammation.
Some Non-standard Biparametric Poincaré Type Inequalities Through Harmonic Analysis
Authors: Cejas María Eugenia , Mosquera Carolina , Pérez Carlos , Rela Ezequiel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe show some non-standard Poincaré type estimates in the biparametric setting with appropriate weights. We will derive these results using variants from classical estimates exploiting the interplay between maximal functions and fractional integrals. We also provide a sharper result by using extrapolation techniques.