bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid biomarkers of macrophage dysregulation and circulating spike protein illustrate the biological heterogeneity in patients with post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19
Authors: Schultheiß Christoph , Willscher Edith , Paschold Lisa , Gottschick Cornelia , Klee Bianca , Bosurgi Lidia , Dutzmann Jochen , Sedding Daniel , Frese Thomas , Girndt Matthias , Höll Jessica I. , Gekle Michael , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Binder Mascha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPost‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC) are long‐term consequences of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection that can substantially impair the quality of life. Underlying mechanisms ranging from persistent viruses to innate and adaptive immune dysregulation have been discussed. Here, we profiled the plasma of 181 individuals from the cohort study for digital health research in Germany (DigiHero), including individuals after mild to moderate COVID‐19 with or without PASC and uninfected controls. We focused on soluble factors related to monocyte/macrophage biology and on circulating SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S1) protein as a potential biomarker for persistent viral reservoirs. At a median time of 8 months after infection, we found pronounced dysregulation in almost all tested soluble factors, including both pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic cytokines. These immunological perturbations were remarkably independent of ongoing PASC symptoms per se, but further correlation and regression analyses suggested PASC‐specific patterns involving CCL2/MCP‐1 and IL‐8 that either correlated with sCD162, sCD206/MMR, IFN‐α2, IL‐17A and IL‐33, or IL‐18 and IL‐23. None of the analyzed factors correlated with the detectability or levels of circulating S1, indicating that this represents an independent subset of patients with PASC. These data confirm prior evidence of immune dysregulation and persistence of viral protein in PASC and illustrate its biological heterogeneity that still awaits correlation with clinically defined PASC subtypes.
High incidence of the virus among respiratory pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection in northwestern China
Authors: Yan Yan , Sun Jinhan , Ji Kai , Guo Jianhui , Han Lei , Li Fang , Sun Yuning 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the major reasons for childhood mortality that threaten the health of the public. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological pathogens and their infection analysis among children with LRTI. Sputum specimens were collected for polymerase chain reaction detection and microbiological tests to identify the viral infection and bacterial infection. The serological specimens were separated from venous blood using for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae detection. The virus was confirmed in 86.2% of the children. Human rhinovirus (38.3%), respiratory syncytial virus (32.1%), and parainfluenza virus type 3 (27.2%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. Patients with viral and bacterial coinfection showed younger age (p = 0.032), a higher proportion of wheezing rales (p = 0.032), three depressions sign (p = 0.028), and tachypnea (p = 0.038), and more likely associated with severe pneumonia (p = 0.035). Additionally, older children were more susceptible to viral‐atypical bacterial coinfection (p = 0.032). Vomiting (p = 0.011) and fever (p = 0.003) were more likely to occur in children with viral‐atypical bacterial coinfection. Attention should be paid to the virus infection of LRTI, as viral‐bacterial coinfection and viral‐atypical bacterial co‐infection may have a detrimental impact on the gravity of LTRI.
A multicenter real‐life study to determine the efficacy of corticosteroids and olfactory training in improving persistent COVID‐19‐related olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Pendolino Alfonso Luca , Ottaviano Giancarlo , Nijim Juman , Scarpa Bruno , De Lucia Giulia , Berro Cecilia , Nicolai Piero , Andrews Peter J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNo definitive treatment exists to effectively restore function in patients with persistent post‐infectious olfactory dysfunction (OD). Corticosteroids have been considered as a therapeutic option in post‐infectious OD but their benefit in COVID‐19‐related OD remains unexplored. We aim to determine the role of the combination of corticosteroids plus olfactory training (OT) in improving persistent COVID‐19‐related OD.MethodsA multicenter real‐life cohort study was conducted between December 2020 and April 2022 on patients with reported COVID‐19‐related OD. Only patients with confirmed OD at Sniffin' Sticks (S'S) and those who attended their 6‐month follow‐up were included. Patients were started on a combined treatment of corticosteroids and OT. Patients refusing corticosteroids or not doing any treatment formed the control groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for sense of smell and SNOT‐22 were used to assess patients reported symptoms.ResultsSixty‐seven subjects with reported COVID‐19‐related OD were initially seen. Normosmic patients at S'S (n = 14) and those not attending their follow‐up (n = 9) were excluded. Of the 44 patients included in the analysis, 19 patients had the combined treatment (group A), 16 patients refused to take corticosteroids and did the OT alone (group B) whereas 9 patients did not do any treatment (group C). An improvement of threshold + discrimination + identification (TDI) score (p = .01) and VAS for smell (p = .01) was found in group A whereas only the TDI score improved in group B (p = .04). Presence of comorbidities, age, sex (male), and length of OD negatively influenced olfactory recovery.ConclusionsOur study confirms the importance of OT in long‐term OD suggesting that the addition of corticosteroids may give a benefit in terms of patient's perceived olfaction.Level of Evidence2b
Artificial Cytoskeleton Assembly for Synthetic Cell Motility
Authors: Sauter Désirée , Schröter Martin , Frey Christoph , Weber Cornelia , Mersdorf Ulrike , Janiesch Jan‐Willi , Platzman Ilia , Spatz Joachim P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImitation of cellular processes in cell‐like compartments is a current research focus in synthetic biology. Here, a method is introduced for assembling an artificial cytoskeleton in a synthetic cell model system based on a poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) composite material. Toward this end, a PNIPAM‐based composite material inside water‐in‐oil droplets that are stabilized with PNIPAM‐functionalized and commercial fluorosurfactants is introduced. The temperature‐mediated contraction/release behavior of the PNIPAM‐based cytoskeleton is investigated. The reversibility of the PNIPAM transition is further examined in bulk and in droplets and it could be shown that hydrogel induced deformation could be used to controllably manipulate droplet‐based synthetic cell motility upon temperature changes. It is envisioned that a combination of the presented artificial cytoskeleton with naturally occurring components might expand the bandwidth of the bottom‐up synthetic biology.
Self‐Pumping Janus Hydrogel with Aligned Channels for Accelerating Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Xiao Wu‐yi , Liu Xi , Wang Wenbo , Zhang Xiaobin , Wang Yuzhe , Lan Jinze , Fan Baoshi , Shi Lianxin , Wan Xizi , Wang Shutao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExcessive exudate secreted from diabetic wounds often results in skin overhydration, severe infections, and secondary damage upon dressing changes. However, conventional wound dressings are difficult to synchronously realize the non‐maceration of wound sites and rapid exudate transport due to their random porous structure. Herein, a self‐pumping Janus hydrogel with aligned channels (JHA) composed of hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel layer and hydrophobic polyurethane (PU)/graphene oxide (GO)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer is designed to rapidly export exudate and accelerate diabetic wound healing. In the design, the ice‐templating process endows the hydrophilic hydrogel layer with superior liquid transport ability and mechanical strength due to the formation of aligned channel structure. The hydrophobic layer with controlled thickness functions as an effective barrier to prevent exudate from wetting the skin surface. Experiments in diabetic rat model show that JHA can significantly promote re‐epithelialization and collagen deposition, shorten the inflammation phase, and accelerate wound healing. This unique JHA dressing may have great potential for real‐life usage in clinical patients.
Adhesion and Cohesion Differences between Catechol‐ and Pyrogallol‐Functionalized Chitosan
Authors: Lee Suyoung , Hwang Dong Soo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMarine‐inspired phenolic compounds that exhibit underwater adhesion are used as biomedical adhesives under wet conditions. While these applications mainly use catechol and pyrogallol moieties that contain different numbers of hydroxyl groups on their benzene rings, how this difference affects adhesion and cohesion is not well understood. Herein, the chitosan backbone is functionalized with catechol and pyrogallol at similar modification rates (to give chitosan‐catechol (CS‐CA) and chitosan‐pyrogallol (CS‐GA), respectively) and their interaction energies are compared by using a surface forces apparatus (SFA). The phenolic moieties decrease the rigidity of the chitosan chain and increase solubility; consequently, CS‐CA and CS‐GA are more cohesive and adhesive than chitosan at pH 7.4. Moreover, the additional hydroxyl group of GA provides a further interacting chance; hence, CS‐GA is more cohesive and adhesive than CS‐CA. This study provides in‐depth insight into interactions involving chitosan derivatives bearing introduced phenolic moieties that will help to develop biomedical adhesives.
Chemical compositional analysis of jet fuels: Contributions of mass spectrometry in the 21st century
Authors: Romanczyk Mark 
Published: December 2022

AbstractJet fuels are complex mixtures composed of many individual compounds that influence crucial chemical and physical properties. Approximately over the last 20 years, mass spectrometry studies provided important and extensive qualitative and quantitative information of the compounds that make up jet fuels. This review presents these main findings, evaluates the analytical methods utilized, and summarizes the hydrocarbons, nitrogen‐, oxygen‐ and sulfur‐containing compounds characterized in the jet fuels. Potential areas where mass spectrometry may play important roles in the future will also be discussed.
Mixed formulation of mRNA and protein‐based COVID‐19 vaccines triggered superior neutralizing antibody responses
Authors: Zhang Jialu , He Qian , Yan Xujia , Liu Jianyang , Bai Yu , An Chaoqiang , Cui Bopei , Gao Fan , Mao Qunying , Wang Junzhi , Xu Miao , Liang Zhenglun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntegrating different types of vaccines into a singular immunization regimen is an effective and accessible approach to strengthen and broaden the immunogenicity of existing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine candidates. To optimize the immunization strategy of the novel mRNA‐based vaccine and recombinant protein subunit vaccine that attracted much attention in COVID‐19 vaccine development, we evaluated the immunogenicity of different combined regimens with the mRNA vaccine (RNA‐RBD) and protein subunit vaccine (PS‐RBD) in mice. Compared with homologous immunization of RNA‐RBD or PS‐RBD, heterologous prime‐boost strategies for mRNA and protein subunit vaccines failed to simultaneously enhance neutralizing antibody (NAb) and Th1 cellular response in this study, showing modestly higher serum neutralizing activity and antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity for “PS‐RBD prime, RNA‐RBD boost” and robust Th1 type cellular response for “RNA‐RBD prime, PS‐RBD boost”. Interestingly, immunizing the mice with the mixed formulation of the two aforementioned vaccines in various proportions further significantly enhanced the NAb responses against ancestral, Delta, and Omicron strains and manifested increased Th1‐type responses, suggesting that a mixed formulation of mRNA and protein vaccines might be a more prospective vaccination strategy. This study provides basic research data on the combined vaccination strategies of mRNA and protein‐based COVID‐19 vaccines.
Reduced versus standard intradetrusor OnabotulinumtoxinA injections for treatment of overactive bladder
Authors: DiCarlo‐Meacham Angela M. , Dengler Katherine L. , Welch Eva K. , Brooks Daniel I. , Gruber Daniel D. , Osborn David J. , Scarlotta Leah , Vaccaro Christine M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injection is an effective advanced treatment for overactive bladder. While the effective dosages have been well studied, very little data exist on treatment efficacy using differing injection techniques. The objective of this study was to determine whether the efficacy of a reduced injection technique of 5 injection sites was noninferior to the standard technique of 20 injection sites of intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of overactive bladder.MethodsIn this randomized noninferiority trial, men and women seeking treatment of overactive bladder with intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injections were randomized to receive 100 units administered via either a reduced injection technique of 5 injection sites or a standard injection technique of 20 injection sites. Subjects completed a series of standardized questionnaires at baseline and at 4–12 weeks postprocedure to determine symptom severity and treatment efficacy. The primary outcome was treatment efficacy as determined by Overactive Bladder Questionnaire‐Short Form with a noninferiority margin of 15 points. Secondary outcomes were incidence of urinary tract infection and urinary retention requiring catheterization.ResultsData from 77 subjects were available for analysis with 39 in the control arm (20 injections) and 38 in the study arm (5 injections). There was a significant improvement in both arms from baseline to follow‐up in Overactive Bladder Questionnaire‐Short Form and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire scores (p < 0.001). Overall treatment success was 68% with no statistically significant difference between arms. A significant difference between arms was found on the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire‐Short Form quality of life survey favoring the control arm (confidence interval [CI]: 0.36–20.5, p = 0.04). However, there were no significant differences between arms in the remaining validated questionnaires. The study arm did not demonstrate noninferiority to the control arm. Subjects in the study arm were significantly more likely to express a willingness to undergo the procedure again (odds ratio = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.42–10.67, p = 0.004). Adverse events did not differ between arms.ConclusionsA reduced injection technique for administration of intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA demonstrates similar efficacy to the standard injection technique but did not demonstrate noninferiority. Subjects preferred the reduced injection technique over the standard technique. A reduced injection technique is a safe and effective alternative to the standard technique.
Variable neighborhood search approach with intensified shake for monitor placement
Authors: Casado Alejandra , Mladenović Nenad , Sánchez‐Oro Jesús , Duarte Abraham 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeveral problems are emerging in the context of communication networks and most of them must be solved in reduced computing time since they affect to critical tasks. In this research, the monitor placement problem is tackled. This problem tries to cover the communications of an entire network by locating a monitor in specific nodes of the network, in such a way that every link remains surveyed. In case that a solution cannot be generated in the allowed computing time, a penalty will be assumed for each link uncovered. The problem is addressed by considering the variable neighborhood search framework, proposing a novel constructive method, an intelligent local search to optimize the improvement phase, and an intensified shake to guide the search to more promising solutions. The proposed algorithm is compared with a hybrid search evolutionary algorithm over a set of instances derived from real‐life networks to prove its performance.
A mesh insensitive finite element method to compute statical stability curve of floating bodies with arbitrary configurations based on a force‐oriented approach
Authors: Zhang Zhengyi , Xie De 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor any floating body, statical stability curves play a critical role in its stability analysis. In this article, a force‐oriented approach, in conjunction with finite element procedure, is proposed in order to compute those curves of floating bodies with complicated hull forms. The hull surface is meshed by triangular elements. The buoyant force and restoring moments are directly computed through the load redistribution of the hydrostatic pressure over the facet of each triangular element. Computations of a statical stability curve require a series of floating conditions that lead to the change of waterline with respect to the hull surface. In order to do all computations by using a unique finite element mesh, techniques regarding nodal coordinate update and non‐matching element treatment are developed. The procedure has been established and the algorithm has been developed. Results from three examples with simple but representative geometries are compared to those by hand calculations to verify the accuracy of the approach. Then, two standard reference hull forms, a very large crude carrier (KRISO KVLCC2) and a trimaran (NPL Round Bilge 4a), have been investigated to demonstrate the validation of the approach. Results of all examples show that the proposed approach is insensitive to the mesh pattern.
Persistence of intergroup occupational disparity in India
Authors: Chaudhury Anjan R. , Sinha Madhabendra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe traditional summary measures of intergenerational mobility are symmetric, since these measures don't distinguish the directions of mobility, that is, upward and downward mobility in the respective dimension. In this study, we define two group‐specific summary measures of the relative strength of upward/downward occupational mobility, and apply these summary measures to examine the persistence of occupational disparity across Indian social groups. Major findings of this study reveal that there has been an increase in occupational mobility from the oldest to the youngest cohort across the samples of all social groups, but in this context there is an intergroup disparity. More specifically, this increase in mobility is greater for Other Backward Castes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes when compared to the Higher Castes. However, by taking into account the direction of newly developed group‐specific summary measures, this study reveals that occupational disparity across Indian social groups has increased overtime.
Sitobion miscanthi L type symbiont enhances the fitness and feeding behavior of the host grain aphid
Authors: Li Xinan , Sun Yulin , Tian Xujun , Wang Chao , Li Qian , Li Qiuchi , Zhu Saige , Lan Chen , Zhang Yunhui , Li Xiangrui , Ding Ruifeng , Zhu Xun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSymbiotic bacteria affect physiology and ecology of insect hosts. The Sitobion miscanthi L type symbiont (SMLS) is a recently discovered and widely distributed secondary symbiont in the grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi Takahashi in China.ResultsIn this study, SMLS‐infected (SI) and SMLS‐uninfected (SU) aphid strains were obtained from field population. The artificially SMLS‐re‐infected (SRI) strain was established by injecting SU aphids with the SI strain hemolymph containing SMLS. The SRI and SU strains had identical genetic backgrounds and similar microbial community structures. Compared with the SU strain, adult longevity, survival rate, and fecundity were significantly greater in the SRI strain (biological fitness of 1.48). Moreover, the SRI strain spent more time ingesting phloem than the SU strain. A comparative transcriptome analysis indicated that reproduction‐ and longevity‐related genes were more highly expressed in the SRI strain than in the SU strain.ConclusionThe findings indicated that the infection with SMLS enhanced the Sitobion miscanthi fitness and feeding behavior. The beneficial effect of the SMLS on hosts could explain why it frequently infects the field populations in the grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi Takahashi in China. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Software reliability prediction: A survey
Authors: Oveisi Shahrzad , Moeini Ali , Mirzaei Sayeh , Farsi Mohammad Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoftwares play an important role in controlling complex systems. Monitoring the proper functioning of the components of such systems is the principal role of softwares. Often, a petite fault in one of the subsystems may cause irreparable damages; therefore, it is of great importance to be able to predict software faults and estimate the reliability of softwares. In this survey, we present a classification of various methods proposed in the literature to predict software reliability. This study summarizes the results of more than 200 research papers in the field. We also discuss the challenges involved in prediction methods along with proposed partial solutions (i.e., Bayesian methods) to improve the accuracy of such predictions. Moreover, we review numerous evaluation measures introduced so far to assess the performance of prediction models, the datasets they are based on, and also the results they yield.
DFT study of enhancement in nonlinear optical response of exohedrally and endohedrally alkaline earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca) doped adamanzane
Authors: Rafique Amina , Maqbool Hadia , Shehzad Rao Aqil , Bhatti Ijaz Ahmad , Ayub Khurshid , Elmushyakhi Abraham , Shawky Ahmed M. , Iqbal Javed 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, density functional theory has been used to investigate the geometric, electronic, linear and nonlinear optical properties of exohedrally and endohedrally doped adamanzane M1(26 adz)M2 where (M1 = M2 = Be, Mg and Ca). The multiple doping rendered excess electrons to the system which resulted in increased HOMO energies and resultantly reduced HOMO‐LUMO gap (from 8.85 eV to 4.87 eV). The significant changes in excitation energy and vertical ionization energy indicated the introduction of excess electrons to the system. The NBO analysis confirmed that both the dopants are electron donating moieties. The formation of new HOMOs were also evident from the density of state (DOS) analysis. The new complexes exhibited remarkable nonlinear optical response and maximum first hyperpolarizability (β = 8.19 × 103 au) and second hyperpolarizability (γ = 8.12 × 105 au) were observed for AM9. This nonlinear response enhanced significantly when materials were placed in the light of 1907 nm wavelength for determination of dynamic hyperpolarizabilities. The UV–Vis analysis confirmed the transparency of designed materials in deep UV region. The structural properties of new materials were also authenticated by IR‐spectra. The exceptionally high nonlinear response makes these materials desirable candidates for photonic, telecommunication and laser applications.