bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effects of Administering Ultradiluted Avena sativa and Echinacea angustifolia on the Hematological Parameters of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) during the Reproductive Period
Authors: Narita Franscinne Brait , Balbueno Melina Castilho de Souza , Yang Michele Legnaro , Peixoto Kleber da Cunha , Vanstreels Ralph E.T. , Coelho Cidéli de Paula 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims Penguins are seabirds that manifest physiological and immunological alterations during the reproductive season. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the laboratory parameters of male and female Magellanic penguins and to determine the penguins' hematological response to homeopathic medicines during that reproductive period.
Methods Penguins (N = 18), kept under human care in a zoological park setting, were evaluated during the reproductive period and were divided randomly into two groups: a group subjected to treatment with Echinacea angustifolia 6cH and Avena sativa 6cH (N = 8; four breeding couples), and a placebo control group (N = 10; five breeding couples). The investigators were blinded to treatment allocation. Two-way ANOVA was performed to determine whether the experimental group (control or verum) and the sex of the animal had any significant effect on the variation of each hematological parameter between the samples. One-way ANOVA was performed on hematological parameters for which the sex did not present a significant effect. The significance level was p ≤0.05.
Results Significant effects were seen regarding the following: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), in which the verum group showed an increase (29.78 ± 52.95 fL) while the control group showed stability/reduction (−3.08 ± 46.36 fL) (p = 0.049); proportion of heterophils, in which the verum group showed a less marked increase (8.38 ± 12.53%) than that of the control group (18.00 ± 9.37%) (p = 0.010); lymphocyte concentration, in which the verum group showed less marked reduction (−4.39 ± 2.21 × 109 cells/L) than that of the control group (−1.56 ± 2.76 × 109 cells/L) (p = 0.001); and proportion of lymphocytes, in which the verum group showed a less marked reduction (−6.75 ± 10.35%) than that of the control group (−17.3 ± 8.73%) (p = 0.002).
Conclusion Comparison of samples collected before and during the reproductive period showed that, regardless of group allocation, there were differences in the effects on MCV, heterophils and lymphocytes. Treatment with Echinacea angustifolia and Avena sativa resulted in maintenance of lymphocyte levels in Magellanic penguins during the breeding period, thus aiding these birds' immunity.
I2/CH3ONa-Promoted Ring-Opening Alkylation of Benzothiazoles with Dialkyl Carbonates
Authors: Xie Jianwei , Liu Ping , Li Xuezhen , He Jing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDialkyl carbonates were used as the green alkylating reagents in the I2-promoted ring-opening alkylation of benzothiazoles. A variety of benzo[d]thiazole derivatives underwent the alkylation smoothly to provide the diverse N-alkyl-N-(o-alkylthio)phenylformamides in moderate to excellent yields. The synthetic utility of this protocol was verified by gram-scale reaction and further derivatization of the products. The mechanism of the involvement of two molecules of dialkyl carbonates in the formation of sulfur-alkyl and nitrogen-alkyl groups, respectively, was also demonstrated.
Synthesis of β-Arylbutenolides Mediated by BF3·OMe2
Authors: Laurentiz Rosangela S. , Finêncio Beatriz M. , Santos Fernanda A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe reaction of phenols or aryl ethers with tetronic acid mediated by BF3·OMe2 was investigated. This strategy allowed for the preparation of β-(hydroxyaryl)butenolides and β-arylbutenolides in a single step in a simpler way than previously reported synthetic methods
On-treatment Comparative Effectiveness of Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants in GARFIELD-VTE, and Focus on Cancer and Renal Disease
Authors: Haas Sylvia , Farjat Alfredo E. , Pieper Karen , Ageno Walter , Angchaisuksiri Pantep , Bounameaux Henri , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Goto Shinya , Mantovani Lorenzo , Prandoni Paolo , Schellong Sebastian , Turpie Alexander G.G. , Weitz Jeffrey I. , MacCallum Peter , Cate Hugo ten , Panchenko Elizaveta , Carrier Marc , Jerjes-Sanchez Carlos , Gibbs Harry , Jansky Petr , Kayani Gloria , Kakkar Ajay K ,   on behalf of the GARFIELD-VTE investigators
Published: November 2022

Background Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) provide a safe, effective alternative to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment, as shown via intention-to-treat comparative effectiveness analysis. However, on-treatment analysis is imperative in observational studies because anticoagulation choice and duration are at investigators' discretion.
Objectives The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of DOACs and VKAs on 12-month outcomes in VTE patients using on-treatment analysis.
Methods The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD - VTE (GARFIELD-VTE) is a world-wide, prospective, non-interventional study observing treatment of VTE in routine clinical practice.
Results In total, 8,034 patients received VKAs (n = 3,043, 37.9%) or DOACs (n = 4,991, 62.1%). After adjustment for baseline characteristics and follow-up bleeding events, and accounting for possible time-varying confounding, all-cause mortality was significantly lower with DOACs than VKAs (hazard ratio: 0.58 [95% confidence interval 0.42–0.79]). Furthermore, patients receiving VKAs were more likely to die of VTE complications (4.9 vs. 2.2%) or bleeding (4.9 vs. 0.0%). There was no significant difference in rates of recurrent VTE (hazard ratio: 0.74 [0.55–1.01]), major bleeding (hazard ratio: 0.76 [0.47–1.24]), or overall bleeding (hazard ratio: 0.87 [0.72–1.05]) with DOACs or VKAs. Unadjusted analyses suggested that VKA patients with active cancer or renal insufficiency were more likely to die than patients treated with DOAC (52.51 [37.33–73.86] vs. 26.52 [19.37–36.29] and 9.97 [7.51–13.23] vs. 4.70 [3.25–6.81] per 100 person-years, respectively).
Conclusion DOACs and VKAs had similar rates of recurrent VTE and major bleeding. However, DOACs were associated with reduced all-cause mortality and a lower likelihood of death from VTE or bleeding compared with VKAs.
We belong to the land: review of two northern rewilding sites as a vehicle for equity in conservation
Authors: Mustonen Tero , Scherer Antoine , Kelleher Jennifer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current planetary shifts and the redistribution of species require us to rethink nature conservation, both from the viewpoint of forming novel ecosystems and in relation to issues of diversity, historical conservation practices, as well as historical and current injustice. Mainly, this reorientation needs to address the historical errors of mainstream societies that promoted nature conservation for their own benefit, at the expense of Indigenous societies. The article explores two Finnish and Sámi rewilding cases of community-led action. In the end, the research seeks to answer how to negotiate a new co-existence with rewilded sites to achieve a better future.
Installation of a solid state neutral particle analyzer array on mega ampere spherical tokamak upgrade
Authors: Prechel Garrett , Fil Nicolas , Liu Deyong , Heidbrink W. W. , Michael Clive , Jackson Andrew Robert ,   MAST-U Team
Published: November 2022

A compact solid state neutral particle analyzer (SSNPA) diagnostic, previously installed at NSTX-U, has been moved to MAST-U and successfully operated in the first physics campaign (MU01). The SSNPA operates by detecting the flux of fast neutral particles produced by charge exchange (CX) reactions to diagnose the fast ion distribution. The diagnostic consists of three 16-channel sensors, which provide a radial view of the plasma and have a sightline intersection with the South–South neutral beam line. From this radial geometry, active CX signals from mostly trapped particles are observed. Each channel has a spatial resolution of 3–4 cm, a temporal resolution of 200 kHz, and an average pitch angle resolution of a few degrees. The three-sensor configuration allows for coarse energy resolution of the CX signals; each sensor sees similar sightlines but different filter thicknesses alter the energy cutoffs by known amounts. Experimental data show that all channels are collecting data as intended. The signal to noise ratio is typically around 15. Preliminary data analysis shows a correlation between the SSNPA signal and magnetohydrodynamic activity in the plasma as expected.
Vacuum arc characteristics of an AMF–TMF composite contact with fixed AMF contacts under different opening velocities
Authors: Wang Zihan , Ma Hui , Li Yuanzhao , Li Haomin , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan , Liu Zhiyuan 
Published: November 2022

The objective of this paper is to determine the vacuum arc characteristics of a novel axial magnetic field (AMF)–transverse magnetic field (TMF) composite contact under different opening velocities. The AMF–TMF composite contact consists of a pair of outer fixed AMF contacts and a pair of inner movable TMF contacts. Drawn arc experiments were carried out in an L–C discharging circuit with this composite contact system to observe the differences in the arc development process under different opening velocities. The opening velocity of the inner movable contact was set to 1.3, 1.8, and 2.3 m/s. The arc current was up to 20 kA rms. In the experiments, the arc behavior was recorded using a high-speed camera. The arc current of each contact and the arc voltage were measured. Then the arc characteristics, including the arc current transfer characteristics, diffused arc duration, and mental droplet distribution before zero current, were quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, magnetic field calculation was carried out to explain why the arc characteristics are different under different opening velocities. Experimental results show that with an increase in the opening velocity from 1.3 to 2.3 m/s, the diffused arc duration before zero current increases from 1.05 to 1.75 ms when the cathode is on the fixed side and increases from 1.30 to 1.90 ms when the anode is on the fixed side. In addition, the quantity of mental droplets between contacts before zero current is less with high opening velocity. It indicates stronger short-current breaking capacity under higher opening velocity. From the simulation results, it can be seen that during the arcing period, more current transfers to the fixed AMF contact under higher opening velocity and generates a stronger AMF. It could explain the earlier diffusion of the vacuum arc column under higher opening velocity.
Atomic composition/configuration dependent bulk moduli of Al–C composites
Authors: Sirikumara Hansika I. , Rativa-Parada Wilson , Karunanithy Robinson , Sivakumar Poopalasingam , Nilufar Sabrina , Jayasekera Thushari 
Published: November 2022

Embedding carbon in metals has long been known to enhance the mechanical properties of metal carbon composites. We report the possibility of growing Al–C composites by the hot isostatic pressing method, with carbon embedded into an Al lattice in graphitic form without the formation of Al4C3. Raman spectroscopy confirms the formation of sp2-hybridized carbon clusters in the aluminum lattice. The bulk moduli of the samples were measured to be between 60 and 100 GPa. From the results of first principles density functional theory calculations, we show that the formation of sp2-hybridized carbon clusters is more stable than having isolated C scatterers in aluminum. Our results show that the extended network of C clusters shows a higher bulk modulus while isolated scattering centers could lower the bulk modulus. We explain this behavior with the analysis of total charge distribution. Localization of charge density decreases materials’ ability to respond to external stress, thus showing a reduced bulk modulus. Some defect configuration may reduce the symmetry while others keep the symmetry of the host configuration even for the same chemical composition of Al–C composites.
Element-specific first order reversal curves measured by magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy
Authors: Gilbert Dustin A. , Im Mi-Young , Liu Kai , Fischer Peter 
Published: November 2022

The first-order reversal curve (FORC) method is a macroscopic measurement technique that can be used to extract quantitative and microscopic properties of hysteretic systems. Using magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy (MTXM), local element-specific FORC measurements are performed on a 20 nm thick film of CoTb. The FORCs measured with microscopy reveal a step-by-step domain evolution under the magnetic field cycling protocol and provide a direct visualization of the mechanistic interpretation of FORC diagrams. They are compared with magnetometry FORCs and show good quantitative agreement. Furthermore, the high spatial resolution and element-specific sensitivity of MTXM provide new capabilities to measure FORCs in small regions or specific phases within multicomponent systems, including buried layers in heterostructures. The ability to perform FORCs on very small features is demonstrated with the MTXM-FORC measurement of a rectangular microstructure with vortex-like Landau structures. This work demonstrates the confluence of two uniquely powerful techniques to achieve quantitative insight into nanoscale magnetic behavior.
Trust me, trust my words
Authors: Mao Yansheng , Zhao Xin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As modern Internet technology advances, some online medicare donation services in China have become available as a
new way for the public to respond with financial assistance. This paper aims at identifying, describing, and analyzing the
linguistic features of Chinese online medical crowd-funding and investigates how the online help-seekers negotiate their
trustworthiness discursively. For this purpose, 500 pieces of help-seekers’ personal statements were collected from crowd-funding
website (https://www.qschou.com), described and analyzed in accordance of discourse
analysis. Results show that the help-seekers adopted three macro-discursive strategies to construct their trustworthiness:
Embodiment-oriented strategy, evidence-motivated strategy, and emotion-oriented strategy. Detailed linguistic and para-linguistic
means to realize these strategies are examined in great detail. Further research in this area is needed in order to raise
awareness of trustworthiness construction and its difficulties for help-seekers in online crowd-funding scenarios
How Many Directions Determine a Shape and other Sufficiency Results for Two Topological Transforms
Authors: Curry Justin , Mukherjee Sayan , Turner Katharine 
Published: November 2022

In this paper we consider two topological transforms that are popular in applied topology: the Persistent Homology Transform and the Euler Characteristic Transform. Both of these transforms are of interest for their mathematical properties as well as their applications to science and engineering, because they provide a way of summarizing shapes in a topological, yet quantitative, way. Both transforms take a shape, viewed as a tame subset

M
M

of

R

d

\mathbb { R}^d

, and associates to each direction

v
∈

S

d
−
1

v\in S^{d-1}

a shape summary obtained by scanning

M
M

in the direction

v
v

. These shape summaries are either persistence diagrams or piecewise constant integer-valued functions called Euler curves. By using an inversion theorem of Schapira, we show that both transforms are injective on the space of shapes, i.e. each shape has a unique transform. Moreover, we prove that these transforms determine continuous maps from the sphere to the space of persistence diagrams, equipped with any Wasserstein

p
p

-distance, or the space of Euler curves, equipped with certain

L
p

L^p

norms. By making use of a stratified space structure on the sphere, induced by hyperplane divisions, we prove additional uniqueness results in terms of distributions on the space of Euler curves. Finally, our main result proves that any shape in a certain uncountable space of PL embedded shapes with plausible geometric bounds can be uniquely determined using only finitely many directions.
Appraisals of Pain in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Qualitative Study With Youth, Parents, and Providers
Authors: Gorbounova Irina , van Diggelen Tanera R , Slack Katherine , Murphy Lexa K , Palermo Tonya M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Pain is a predominant symptom of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and is influenced by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors. The cognitive-affective model of symptom appraisal (CAMSA) has been used to understand how youth view symptoms in chronic conditions. We sought to (1) determine how youth with IBD and their parents appraise pain, and how their perspectives fit within CAMSA, and (2) explore health care providers’ understanding and communication about pain.

Methods
Participants included 19 youth ages 10–17 years with chronic IBD pain and their parents, and 5 IBD providers from a gastroenterology clinic. Separate semi-structured qualitative interviews with youth, parents, and providers were conducted. Interview prompts were adapted from CAMSA, previous studies of pediatric pain and symptom monitoring, and a qualitative study in adults with IBD pain. Interviews were analyzed according to principles of reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Three key components of CAMSA (IBD Threat, Fear/Worry, and Biased Attending) were identified in youth and parent dyads. Some youth showed Biased Attending, including difficulty disengaging, while other youth simply monitored pain. The overarching theme for provider interviews was Gastroenterologists view pain as a secondary (rather than primary) treatment issue.

Conclusions
CAMSA is potentially applicable to pain appraisal in youth with IBD and their parents. When health care providers communicate about pain, they should consider how symptom uncertainty may be influenced by threat, fear/worry, and biased attending. Further studies are needed to develop and test psychosocial interventions to reduce fear and threat of pain in youth with IBD in partnership with families and providers.
Complete transcatheter correction of variant scimitar syndrome—a case report
Authors: Kasturi Sowmya , Marimuthu Varun , Sastry Usha M K , Mahimarangaiah Jayranganath 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Scimitar syndrome (SS) comprises of an anomalously draining right pulmonary vein (APV), to the inferior vena cava (IVC), maldevelopment of the right pulmonary artery (RPA), and the right lung, with variable number of aorto-pulmonary collaterals (APC) to the right lung. It can cause pulmonary hypertension if left untreated. Surgical correction is the method of choice. We report a case of variant SS with dual drainage of the APV to the IVC and left atrium (LA) that was addressed with a transcatheter approach.

Case summary
A 13-year-old child was evaluated for dyspnoea. Chest x-ray and transthoracic echo (TTE) were suggestive of SS with an additional central atrial septal defect (ASD). Cardiac computed tomography (CT) revealed dual drainage of the APV to the IVC and via a meandering vein to the LA and three APCs. The ASD was closed, and the APCs were coiled. The connection of the APV to the IVC was closed with a device, rerouting the pulmonary vein blood to the LA. The child is doing well on follow-up after 2 years.

Discussion
Variant forms of SS are rare. Our case had ASD, multiple APCs, well-developed RPA and right lung and a dual drainage of the APV. This allowed for transcatheter management. Otherwise, surgery is the default choice. Multimodality imaging with TTE, CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and cardiac catheterization will help in diagnosis and anatomical delineation.
If it ain't broke, don't fix it: evaluating the effect of increased recombination on response to selection for wheat breeding
Authors: Taagen Ella , Jordan Katherine , Akhunov Eduard , Sorrells Mark E , Jannink Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Meiotic recombination is a source of allelic diversity, but the low frequency and biased distribution of crossovers that occur during meiosis limits the genetic variation available to plant breeders. Simulation studies previously identified that increased recombination frequency can retain more genetic variation and drive greater genetic gains than wildtype recombination. Our study was motivated by the need to define desirable recombination intervals in regions of the genome with fewer crossovers. We hypothesized that deleterious variants, which can negatively impact phenotypes and occur at higher frequencies in low recombining regions where they are linked in repulsion with favorable loci, may offer a signal for positioning shifts of recombination distributions. Genomic selection breeding simulation models based on empirical wheat data were developed to evaluate increased recombination frequency and changing recombination distribution on response to selection. Comparing high and low values for a range of simulation parameters identified that few combinations retained greater genetic variation and fewer still achieved higher genetic gain than wildtype. More recombination was associated with loss of genomic prediction accuracy, which outweighed the benefits of disrupting repulsion linkages. Irrespective of recombination frequency or distribution and deleterious variant annotation, enhanced response to selection under increased recombination required polygenic trait architecture, high heritability, an initial scenario of more repulsion than coupling linkages, and greater than 6 cycles of genomic selection. Altogether, the outcomes of this research discourage a controlled recombination approach to genomic selection in wheat as a more efficient path to retaining genetic variation and increasing genetic gains compared with existing breeding methods.
An inequality-constrained regularized inversion of slip distributions on multiple faults with applications to the 2016 Kumamoto Mw 7.0 earthquake
Authors: Xu Peiliang 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARY
Although slip inversion has been almost always reported to be inherently non-unique, we prove that Fredholm integral equations of the first kind for slip inversion are mathematically of a unique solution, theoretically assuring that earthquake rupture can be properly reconstructed if there exist a sufficiently large number of measurements. The statement about non-uniqueness of slip inversion can be misleading and misunderstanding, since it is theoretically not true but simply caused by a practical issue of lack of measurements. We propose an inequality-constrained regularized inversion of slip distributions on multiple faults. The method implements a physically more general inequality constraint to accommodate more complex dislocation models and allows reconstructing a complex earthquake mechanism on multiple faults from measurements. The corresponding inequality constraints are a natural extension of positivity constraints proposed by Olson & Apsel and Hartzell & Heaton, or the equivalent inequality constraints that only allow slips to take place between −45° and 45° around the main rupture direction. The regularization parameter is chosen by minimizing the mean squared errors of inverted slip solutions. The proposed method is applied to the 2016 Kumamoto Mw 7.0 earthquake with GNSS measurements. Our slip inversion results show that the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake is only of magnitude Mw 6.7 and ruptures shallowly up to 10 km under the surface. More precisely, about 94 and 88 per cent of the energy released from Hinagu and Futagawa faults take place up to this depth, with the maximum slips of 4.81 and 7.89 m on each fault, respectively.