bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world study of the effectiveness of BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) COVID-19 vaccine in the Kingdom of Morocco
Authors: Zhang Yaowen , Belayachi Jihane , Yang Yunkai , Fu Qiang , Rodewald Lance , Li Hongling , Yan Bing , Wang Ying , Shen Yanna , Yang Qian , Mu Weiyun , Tang Rong , Su Chen , Xu Tianfang , Obtel Majdouline , Mhayi Abdelkader , Razine Rachid , Abouqal Redouane , Zhang Yuntao , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe Kingdom of Morocco approved BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use on 22 January 2021 in a two-dose, three-to-four-week interval schedule. We conducted a case-control study to determine real-world BBIBP-CorV vaccine effectiveness (VE) against serious or critical hospitalization of individuals RT-PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first five months of BBIBP-CorV use in Morocco.The study was conducted among adults 18-99 years old who were tested by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 February and 30 June 2021. RT-PCR results were individually linked with outcomes from the COVID-19 severe or critical hospitalization dataset and with vaccination histories from the national vaccination registration system. Individuals with partial vaccination (<2 weeks after dose two) or in receipt of any other COVID-19 vaccine were excluded. Unadjusted and adjusted VE estimates against hospitalization for serious or critical illness were made by comparing two-dose vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in logistic regression models, calculated as (1-odds ratio) * 100%.There were 348,190 individuals able to be matched across the three databases. Among these, 140,892 were fully vaccinated, 206,149 were unvaccinated, and 1,149 received homologous BBIBP-CorV booster doses. Unadjusted, full-series, unboosted BBIBP-CorV VE against hospitalization for serious or critical illness was 90.2% (95%CI: 87.8% - 92.0%). Full-series, unboosted VE, adjusted for age, sex, and calendar day of RT-PCR test, was 88.5% (95%CI: 85.8% - 90.7%). Calendar day- and sex-adjusted VE ranged from 93.9% to 100% for individuals <60 years, and was 53.3% for individuals 60 years and older. There were no serious or critical illnesses among BBIBP-CorV-boosted individuals.Effectiveness of Sinopharm’s BBIBP-CorV was consistent with phase III clinical trial results. Two doses of BBIBP-CorV was highly protective against COVID-19-associated serious or critical hospitalization in working-age adults under real-world conditions and moderately effective in older adults. Booster dose VE should be evaluated, as booster doses of BBIBP-CorV are recommended and are being used.
Precise Language Responses Challenge Easy Rating Scales - Comparing Clinicians’ and Respondents’ Views
Authors: Sikström Sverker , Höök Alfred Pålsson , Kjell Oscar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundClosed-ended rating scales are the most used response format for researchers and clinicians to quantify mental states, whereas in natural contexts people communicate with natural language. The reason for using such scales is that they are typically argued to be more precise in measuring mental constructs, whereas the respondents’ views as to what best communicates mental states are frequently ignored.MethodsWe assessed respondents’ (N = 304) degree of depression using rating scales, descriptive words, selected words, and free text responses and probed the respondents and clinicians (N = 40) for their attitudes to the response formats across twelve dimensions related to the precision of communicating their mental states and the ease of responding.ResultsRespondents found free text to be more precise (e.g., precision d’ = .88, elaboration d’ = 2.0) than rating scales, whereas rating scales were rated as easier to respond to (e.g., easier d’ = – .67, faster d’ = –1.13). Respondents preferred the free text responses to a greater degree than rating scales compared to clinicians.ConclusionsThese finding supports the idea that future assessment of mental health can be aided by computational method based on text data.
Does living in major towns favor institutional delivery in Somalia?
Authors: Sheikh Naima Said , Hussein Ahmed M. , Mohamed Shukri Said , Gele Abdi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn institutional delivery is a childbirth that takes place at a health facility in which the birth is assisted by a skilled healthcare provider. Institutional delivery could reduce approximately 33% of maternal deaths. However, the use of institutional healthcare is failing in many Sub-Saharan African countries because of many factors, including poverty, a lack of access, distance, a lack of transport and other socio-cultural factors. In Somalia, only 32% of births are delivered in a health facility with the assistance of a skilled healthcare provider. We aim to investigate the factors hindering women from giving birth at health facilities in major towns in Somalia, where most of the health facilities in the country are concentrated.MethodsA community-based health survey was carried out from 11 major towns in Somalia between October and December 2021. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from 430 women who gave birth last five years. A logistic regression analysis was carried out to establish the association between the covariates of interest and the outcome variable.ResultsThe overall prevalence of institutional delivery was 57%. Approximately 38% of women who live in Mogadishu and 53% of women living in another ten towns give birth at home. Women who had a poor knowledge of the importance of health facility delivery had nearly four times higher odds of delivering at home (OR 3.645 CI: 1.488-8.928). Similarly, those who did not receive antenatal care (OR 2.551, CI: 1.017-6.399), and those who did not receive a consultation on the place of delivery (OR 2.145, CI: 1.167-3.942) were more likely to give birth at home. The reasons for home delivery included financial reasons, must use transport to reach the nearest health facility and it is easier to deliver at home.ConclusionThe study shows that home delivery is high in major towns in Somalia. It is important for health providers to communicate with women and men about the risks related to pregnancy and educate them about the importance of a health facility delivery. Antenatal care should be considered universal for pregnant women, while central and federal governments should guarantee access to free and within-reach ANC for women and girls. In conflict settings in Somalia, this should be done by training community health workers and auxiliary nurses who provide ANC for women through home visits.
Barriers to access to HIV care services in host countries: views and experiences of Indonesian male ex-migrant workers living with HIV
Authors: Fauk Nelsensius Klau , Seran Alfonsa Liquory , Raymond Christopher , Tahir Roheena , Ward Paul Russell 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to understand barriers to accessing HIV care services in host countries among Indonesian, male, former (returned) migrant workers living with HIV. The study utilised a qualitative design employing in-depth interviews to collect data from twenty-two returned migrant workers from Eastern Indonesia, recruited using the snowball sampling technique. A qualitative data analysis framework was used to guide a step-by-step analysis of the findings. Findings demonstrated that limited host-country language proficiency, lack of knowledge regarding healthcare systems in host countries and having ‘undocumented’ worker status were barriers to accessing HIV care services. Data also revealed unavailability of HIV care services nearby migrants’ work locations, long distance travel to healthcare facilities, and challenges in accessing public transportation as barriers that impeded their access to the services. Other factors limiting the participants’ access to HIV services were identified as the transient and mobile nature of migrant work requiring frequent relocation and disrupting work life stability. Additionally, in lieu of formal HIV services, many participants self-medicated by using over-the-counter herbal or ‘traditional’ medicines, often because of peer or social group influence regarding selection of informal treatment options. Recommendations arising from this study demonstrate the need to improve pre-departure information for migrant workers regarding healthcare system and access procedure in potential host countries. Data from this study also indicate that social services should be available to assist potential migrants to access legal channels for migrant work overseas, to ensure that Indonesian migrants can safely access healthcare services in the countries for which they are providing migrant labour. Future studies to understand barriers to accessing HIV care services among various migrant groups living with HIV are warranted to build evidence for potential social policy change.
Towards Equitable Patient Subgroup Performance by Gene-Expression-Based Diagnostic Classifiers of Acute Infection
Authors: Mayhew Michael B. , Midic Uros , Choi Kirindi , Khatri Purvesh , Buturovic Ljubomir , Sweeney Timothy E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHost-response gene expression measurements may carry confounding associations with patient demographic characteristics that can induce bias in downstream classifiers. Assessment of deployed machine learning systems in other domains has revealed the presence of such biases and exposed the potential of these systems to cause harm. Such an assessment of a gene-expression-based classifier has not been carried out and collation of requisite patient subgroup data has not been undertaken. Here, we present data resources and an auditing framework for patient subgroup analysis of diagnostic classifiers of acute infection. Our dataset comprises demographic characteristics of nearly 6500 patients across 49 studies. We leverage these data to detect differences across patient subgroups in terms of gene-expression-based host response and performance with both our candidate pre-market diagnostic classifier and a standard-of-care biomarker of acute infection. We find evidence of variable representation with respect to patient covariates in our multi-cohort datasets as well as differences in host-response marker expression across patient subgroups. We also detect differences in performance of multiple host-response-based diagnostics for acute infection. This analysis marks an important first step in our ongoing efforts to characterize and mitigate potential bias in machine learning-based host-response diagnostics, highlighting the importance of accounting for such bias in developing diagnostic tests that generalize well across diverse patient populations.
Delayed booster dosing improves human antigen-specific Ig and B cell responses to the RH5.1/AS01B malaria vaccine
Authors: Nielsen CM , Barrett JR , Davis C , Fallon JK , Goh C , Michell AR , Griffin C , Kwok A , Loos C , Darko S , Laboune F , Silk SE , Tekman M , Francica JR , Ransier A , Payne RO , Minassian AM , Lauffenburger DA , Seder RA , Douek DC , Alter G , Draper SJ 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntibodies are crucial for vaccine-mediated protection against many pathogens. Modifications to vaccine delivery that increase antibody magnitude, longevity, and/or quality are therefore of great interest for maximising efficacy. We have previously shown that a delayed fractional (DFx) dosing schedule (0-1-6mo) – using AS01B-adjuvanted RH5.1 malaria antigen – substantially improves serum IgG durability as compared to monthly dosing (0-1-2mo; NCT02927145). However, the underlying mechanism and whether there are wider immunological changes with DFx dosing was unclear.MethodsImmunokinetics of PfRH5-specific Ig across multiple isotypes were compared between DFx and monthly regimen vaccinees. Peak responses were characterised in-depth with a systems serology platform including biophysical and functional profiling. Computational modelling was used to define the humoral feature set associated with DFx dosing. PfRH5-specific B cells were quantified by flow cytometry and sorted for single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Differential gene expression between DFx and monthly dosing regimens was explored with Seurat, DESeq2 and gene set enrichment analysis.ResultsDFx dosing increases the frequency of circulating PfRH5-specific B cells and longevity of PfRH5-specific IgG1, as well as other isotypes and subclasses. At the peak antibody response, DFx dosing was distinguished by a systems serology feature set comprising increased FcRn-binding, IgG avidity, and proportion of G2B and G2S2F IgG Fc glycans, alongside decreased IgG3, antibody-dependent complement deposition, and proportion of G1S1F IgG Fc glycan. At the same time point, scRNA-seq of PfRH5-specific B cells revealed enriched plasma cell and Ig / protein export signals in the monthly dosing group as compared to DFx vaccinees.ConclusionsDFx dosing of the RH5.1/AS01B vaccine had a profound impact on the humoral response. Our data suggest plausible mechanisms relating to improved FcRn-binding (known to improve Ig longevity) and a potential shift from short-lived to long-lived plasma cells. Recent reports of the positive impact of delayed boosting on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity highlight the broad relevance of these data.
Medical Students Perception of Anatomage: A 3D Interactive (Virtual) Anatomy Dissection Table
Authors: Memudu A. Elizabeth , Anna Idaguko C. , Gabriel M. Oluwatosin , Oviosun Augustine , Vidona W. Barinem , Odetola A. Amoo , Ehehba S. Ehizokhale , Ebeye O. Abimbola , Nwaopara A. Obioma , Dare N. Willi , Olusegun Akinyinka O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe rising number of Medical Schools and the increasing demand for cadavers, amid its scarcity, has prompted the search for alternatives in Anatomy Education. This study assessed students’ thought of the use of Anatomage as an Anatomy teaching and learning tool in medical school.MethodsA five-point scale questionnaire with a free hand comment section was completed by 50 medical students exposed to the use of Anatomage alongside the traditional cadaveric dissection for 2 academic sessions.ResultsOur results findings showed that there were preference pattern variations in the use of the Anatomage for various fields of anatomy such as Gross Anatomy (48%), Histology (46%), and Neuroanatomy (2%) respectively. Furthermore, 66% opined that Anatomage and Cadaveric dissection should be complementary in teaching and learning anatomy. However, been satisfied with Anatomage was 76% (52% completely and 24% generally agreed respectively), while Anatomage increasing their interest in Anatomy was 66% (40% completely agreed and 26% generally agreed) and 74% (40% completely agreed and 34% generally agreed) of learning outcomes been achieved using Anatomage. Also, 68% stated that the micrographs were well displayed for histology teaching. Overall, 60% of the students agreed that Anatomage should be encouraged in teaching and learning Anatomy, along with other teaching aids.DiscussionAnatomage increased students’ interest in Anatomy as its 3D-image display enabled better visualization of relevant anatomical structures. Anatomage has the potential to be a beneficial supplement to standard learning methods in the acquisition of 3D anatomy information.
Higher contact among vaccinated can be a mechanism for negative vaccine effectiveness
Authors: Bodner Korryn , Knight Jesse , Hamilton Mackenzie A. , Mishra Sharmistha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEvidence from early observational studies suggested negative vaccine effectiveness for the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Using transmission modeling, we illustrated how increased contact between vaccinated individuals, vaccinated contact heterogeneity, paired with lower vaccine efficacies could produce negative measurements and how we can identify this mechanism via a key temporal signature.
Risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infection and hospitalization in individuals with comorbidities
Authors: Smits Peter D , Gratzl Samuel , Simonov Michael , Nachimuthu Senthil K , Goodwin Cartwright Brianna M , Wang Michael D , Baker Charlotte , Rodriguez Patricia , Bogiages Mackenzie , Althouse Benjamin M. , Stucky Nicholas L 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe successful development of multiple COVID-19 vaccines has led to a global vaccination effort to reduce severe COVID-19 infection and mortality. However, the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines wane over time leading to breakthrough infections where vaccinated individuals experience a COVID-19 infection. Here we estimate the risks of break-through infection and subsequent hospitalization in individuals with common comorbidities who had completed an initial vaccination series.MethodsOur study population included vaccinated patients between January 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022 who are present in the Truveta patient population. Models were developed to describe 1) time from completing primary vaccination series till breakthrough infection; and 2) if a patient was hospitalized within 14 days of breakthrough infection. We adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, sex, and year-month of vaccination.ResultsOf 1,192,135 patients in the Truveta Platform who had completed an initial vaccination sequence between January 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022, 2.84, 3.42, 2.76, and 2.89 percent of patients with CKD, chronic lung disease, diabetes, or are in an immunocompromised state experienced breakthrough infection, respectively, compared to 1.35 percent of the population without any of these four comorbidities. We found an increased risk of breakthrough infection and subsequent hospitalization in individuals with any of the four comorbidities when compared to individuals without these four comorbidities.ConclusionsVaccinated individuals with comorbidities experienced an increased risk of breakthrough COVID-19 infection and subsequent hospitalizations compared to the general population. Individuals with immunocompromising conditions and chronic lung disease were most at risk of breakthrough infection, while people with CKD were most at risk of hospitalization following breakthrough infection. Individuals with comorbidities should remain vigilant against infection even if vaccinated.
The Association of Marital/Partner Status with Patient-Reported Health Outcomes Following Acute Myocardial Infarction or Stroke: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Cenjing , Tran Phoebe M , Leifheit Erica C , Spatz Erica S , Dreyer Rachel P , Nyhan Kate , Wang Shi-Yi , Goldstein Larry B , Lichtman Judith H 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionMarital/Partner support is associated with lower mortality and morbidity following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke. Despite an increasing focus on the effect of patient-centered factors on health outcomes, little is known about the impact of marital/partner status on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).ObjectiveTo synthesize evidence of the association between marital/partner status and PROMs after AMI and stroke and to determine whether associations differ by sex.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE (via Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection (as licensed by Yale University), Scopus, EMBASE (via Ovid), and PsycINFO (via Ovid) from inception to January 10, 2022. Two authors will independently screen titles, abstracts, and then full texts as appropriate, extract data, and assess risk of bias. Conflicts will be resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. The primary outcomes will be the associations between marital/partner status and PROMs. Meta-analysis will be conducted if appropriate. Subgroup analysis by sex and meta-regression with a covariate for the proportion of male participants will be performed to explore differences by sex.Ethics and disseminationThis research is exempt from ethics approval because the study will be conducted using published data. We will disseminate the results of the analysis in a related peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022295975
Interest of seroprevalence surveys for the epidemiological surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in African populations: insights from the ARIACOV Project in Benin
Authors: Houngbégnon Parfait , Nouatin Odilon , Yadouleton Anges , Hounkpatin Benjamin , Fievet Nadine , Atindegla Eloïc , Deschavanne Sebastien , Guichet Emilande , Ayouba Ahidjo , Pelloquin Raphaël , Maman David , Thaurignac Guillaume , Peeters Martine , Aviansou Annonciat , Sourakafou Salifou , Delaporte Eric , Massougbodji Achille , Cottrell Gilles 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys since the end of 2020 have disqualified the first misconception that Africa had been spared by the pandemic. Through the analysis of three SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys carried out in Benin as part of the ARIACOV project, we argue that the integration of epidemiological serosurveillance of the SARS-COV2 infection in the national surveillance package would be of great use to refine the understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa.MethodsThree repeated cross-sectional surveys have been carried out in Benin, two in Cotonou, the economic capital in March and May 2021, and one in Natitingou, a semi-rural city in North in August 2021. The global and by age-groups weighted seroprevalences have been estimated and the risk factors of the infection by SARS-COV-2 have been assessed by using logistic regression.ResultsIn Cotonou, a slight increase in overall age-standardized SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence from 29.77% (95% CI: 23.12-37.41%) at the first survey to 34.86% (95% CI: 31.57-38.30%) at the second survey was observed. In Natitingou the global adjusted seroprevalence was 33.34% (95% CI: 27.75-39.44%), much higher than expected. Adults over 40 seemed to be more at risk than the youngest during the first survey in Cotonou but no longer in the second survey, showing the persistence of the SARS-COV-2 virus circulation outside the epidemic waves.ConclusionsA routine serological surveillance on strategic sentinel sites and / or populations could constitute a cost / effective compromise to better anticipate the onset of new waves and define public health strategies.
Network analysis reveals a major role for 14q32 cluster miRNAs in determining transcriptional differences between IGHV-mutated and unmutated CLL
Authors: Bryant Dean , Smith Lindsay , Rogers-Broadway Karly Rai , Karydis Laura , Woo Jeongmin , Blunt Matthew D , Forconi Francesco , Stevenson Freda K , Goodnow Christopher , Russell Amanda , Humberg Peter , Packham Graham , Steele Andrew J , Strefford Jonathan C 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTumour cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) can express unmutated (U-CLL) or mutated (M-CLL) immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) genes with differing clinical behaviours, variable B cell receptor (BCR) signalling capacity and distinct transcriptional profiles. As it remains unclear to what extent these differences reflect the tumour cells’ innate pre/post germinal centre origin or their BCR signalling competence, we applied RNA sequencing, small RNA sequencing and DNA methylation array analysis to 38 CLL cases categorised into three groups by IGHV mutational status and BCR signalling capacity. We identified 492 mRNAs and 38 miRNAs differentially expressed between U-CLL and M-CLL, but only 9 mRNAs and 0 miRNAs associated with BCR competence within M-CLL. A significant proportion of the IGHV-associated miRNAs derived from chr14q32 clusters (14/38 (37%)), where all miRNAs were co-expressed with theMEG3lncRNA, as part of the DLK1-DIO3 genomic imprinted region, a locus of known importance in the pathogenesis of other human tumours. Integrativein silicoanalysis of miRNA/mRNA data revealed pronounced regulatory potential for the 14q32 miRNAs, potentially accounting for up to 25% of the IGHV-related transcriptome signature. GAB1, a positive regulator of BCR signalling, was predicted to be regulated by five 14q32 miRNAs and we confirmed that two of these (miR-409-3p and miR-411-3p) significantly repressed activity of theGAB13’UTR. Our analysis demonstrates a potential key role of the 14q32 miRNA locus in the regulation of CLL-related gene regulation.