bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Flow Restriction Therapy Preserves Lower Extremity Bone and Muscle Mass After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Jack Robert A. , Lambert Bradley S. , Hedt Corbin A. , Delgado Domenica , Goble Haley , McCulloch Patrick C. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Muscle atrophy is common after an injury to the knee and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Blood flow restriction therapy (BFR) combined with low-load resistance exercise may help mitigate muscle loss and improve the overall condition of the lower extremity (LE). Purpose: To determine whether BFR decreases the loss of LE lean mass (LM), bone mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) while improving function compared with standard rehabilitation after ACLR. Study Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial Methods: A total of 32 patients undergoing ACLR with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft were randomized into 2 groups (CONTROL: N = 15 [male = 7, female = 8; age = 24.1 ± 7.2 years; body mass index [BMI] = 26.9 ± 5.3 kg/m2] and BFR: N = 17 [male = 12, female = 5; age = 28.1 ± 7.4 years; BMI = 25.2 ± 2.8 kg/m2]) and performed 12 weeks of postsurgery rehabilitation with an average follow-up of 2.3 ± 1.0 years. Both groups performed the same rehabilitation protocol. During select exercises, the BFR group exercised under 80% arterial occlusion of the postoperative limb (Delfi tourniquet system). BMD, bone mass, and LM were measured using DEXA (iDXA, GE) at presurgery, week 6, and week 12 of rehabilitation. Functional measures were recorded at week 8 and week 12. Return to sport (RTS) was defined as the timepoint at which ACLR-specific objective functional testing was passed at physical therapy. A group-by-time analysis of covariance followed by a Tukey’s post hoc test were used to detect within- and between-group changes. Type I error; α = 0.05. Results: Compared with presurgery, only the CONTROL group experienced decreases in LE-LM at week 6 (−0.61 ± 0.19 kg, −6.64 ± 1.86%; P < 0.01) and week 12 (−0.39 ± 0.15 kg, −4.67 ± 1.58%; P = 0.01) of rehabilitation. LE bone mass was decreased only in the CONTROL group at week 6 (−12.87 ± 3.02 g, −2.11 ± 0.47%; P < 0.01) and week 12 (−16.95 ± 4.32 g,−2.58 ± 0.64%; P < 0.01). Overall, loss of site-specific BMD was greater in the CONTROL group ( P < 0.05). Only the CONTROL group experienced reductions in proximal tibia (−8.00 ± 1.10%; P < 0.01) and proximal fibula (−15.0±2.50%, P < 0.01) at week 12 compared with presurgery measures. There were no complications. Functional measures were similar between groups. RTS time was reduced in the BFR group (6.4 ± 0.3 months) compared with the CONTROL group (8.3 ± 0.5 months; P = 0.01). Conclusion: After ACLR, BFR may decrease muscle and bone loss for up to 12 weeks postoperatively and may improve time to RTS with functional outcomes comparable with those of standard rehabilitation.
Subjective sleep quality among hospitalised adult patients: An observational, cross-sectional study
Authors: Binte Arman Siti Nadiah , Lee Ying Hui , Lopez Violeta , Lim Siew Hoon 
Published: June 2022

Background Inpatient sleep quality is influenced by multiple factors including medical conditions, use of medication and the ward environment. Without adequate rest, detrimental effects on patients’ physical and psychological performances may persist, inhibiting recovery and increasing length of stay. Objective This study examined the sleep quality of adult inpatients and its’ associations with sociodemographic, clinical and environmental factors. Methods An observational study was conducted in the medical wards of an acute care hospital in Singapore from July to December 2018. Patients completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to establish baseline sleeping habits and the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) to assess perception of sleep quality during hospitalisation. Noise levels were measured using the SL-4023SD sound level meter. Environmental factors affecting sleep were also recorded. Results 52 patients were recruited reported a mean RCSQ score of 5.83 (SD = 2.31) and mean Global PSQI score was 6.06 (SD = 3.33), indicative of poor baseline sleep. The highest mean noise level presented with an average reading of 80 dB, surpassing the WHO recommended noise levels by two times. Subjective sleep quality was not affected by demographic, clinical factors and bed locations. Patients exposed to night lamps reported a reduction in sleep quality ( p = .04). Conclusions Recognising the importance of overall sleep quality and the identification of external factors influencing patients’ sleep quality during hospitalisation is a vital step towards developing successful interventions to promote good sleep hygiene in the general wards of the Asian context.
Chemotherapy for patients with advanced lung cancer with interstitial lung disease: a prospective observational study
Authors: Koda Keigo , Enomoto Yasunori , Aoshima Yoichiro , Amano Yusuke , Kato Shinpei , Hasegawa Hirotsugu , Matsui Takashi , Yokomura Koshi , Mochizuki Eisuke , Matsuura Shun , Koshimizu Naoki , Morita Meiko , Kojima Suguru , Watanabe Ayano , Oyama Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Masaki , Kusagaya Hideki , Uto Tomohiro , Sato Jun , Imokawa Shiro , Kono Masato , Hashimoto Dai , Kamiya Yosuke , Toyoshima Mikio , Asada Kazuhiro , Morita Masako , Mikamo Masashi , Yasui Hideki , Hozumi Hironao , Karayama Masato , Suzuki Yuzo , Furuhashi Kazuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Suda Takafumi 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Although recent advances in chemotherapy for lung cancer are remarkable, most clinical trials have excluded patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) due to the concern of developing acute exacerbation (AE) of ILD. Hence, accumulating original evidence of cancer treatment for this population is important. Methods: Between 2016 and 2020, a prospective observational study was conducted across 11 Japanese hospitals. Patients with chemotherapy- naïve, inoperable, advanced lung cancer with ILD were included. The primary outcome was the frequency of AE-ILD after registration; the secondary outcomes were the risk factor of AE-ILD and the efficacy of chemotherapy. Results: Among 124 patients enrolled, 109 patients who received chemotherapy were analyzed. The median age was 72 years, and the majority showed usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)/probable UIP pattern upon chest computed tomography. The median percent-predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) was 81% (interquartile range: 66–95%). After registration, 23 patients (21.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.4–29.7%) developed AE-ILD. The logistic analysis revealed that lower %FVC slightly but significantly increased the risk of AE-ILD (odds ratio per 10% decrease: 1.27; 95% CI: > 1.00–1.62). Overall response rates/median overall survival times in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer for the first-line chemotherapy were 41% (95% CI: 31–53)/8.9 months (95% CI: 7.6–11.8) and 91% (95% CI: 76–98)/12.2 months (95% CI: 9.2–14.5), respectively. Conclusion: AE-ILD during chemotherapy is a frequent complication among patients with lung cancer with ILD, particularly those with lower %FVC. Conversely, even in this population, passable treatment response can be expected.
Dietary knowledge and practice and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients on follow-up at public hospitals of Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Gebeyehu Anneleye Fantahun , Berhane Fitsum , Yimer Robel Mekonnen 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: This study tried to assess the level of dietary knowledge and practice and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in public hospitals of Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 253 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting follow-up clinic in public hospitals selected by systematic random sampling. Primary data were collected by face-to-face interview and checklist. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 22 and analyzed using proportion, percentage, and mean and standard deviation. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify candidate variables affecting dietary practice. Finally, all candidate independent variables were further adjusted on multivariate regression analysis with adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval to identify factors independently associated with dietary practice. p-value ⩽0.05 declared as level of significance. Results: The level of poor dietary practice among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was found to be 53.8%. Around 78.8% of participants had fasting blood sugar level ⩾130 mg/dL, and 52.8% found to have poor dietary knowledge. Moreover, there was no up-to-date nutritional guideline in follow-up clinic. Not getting nutrition advice from doctors/nurses, low duration of follow-up, lack of family support, and despondency were significantly associated with poor dietary practice ( p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: More than half of diabetes patients had poor dietary practice, which is in contrary with international recommendations of diabetic self-care. Habit of eating fruits and vegetables was poorly practiced and also patients’ knowledge of recommended nutrition was poor. Therefore, provision of robust nutritional education and counseling service, a system to strengthen family support as well as psychosocial support, is highly recommended.
The Relationship Between Compliance of Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis Specific Exercises and Curve Regression With Mild to Moderate Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Fan Yunli , To Michael KT , Kuang Guan-Ming , Cheung Jason Pui Yin 
Published: June 2022

Study Design Retrospective Case-control Study. Objectives To determine the requisite exercise compliance (EC) of physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercise (PSSE) for achieving curve regression; to analyze whether the apical translation (AT), apical wedging (AW), and apical rotation (AR) of the major curve improve with regression effect. Methods Between 2019 and 2021, a total of 763 patients undertook a 6-month PSSE treatment. This resulted 426 compliable and 302 uncompliable patients remained available for analysis. For compliable patients, 213 with curve regression and 213 age-/sex-matched with curve stabilization/deterioration at the 6-month, were eligible for regression analysis to detect the relationship between EC and regression effect at the 6-month; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Youden’s index were applied to identify the threshold of EC leading to curve regression at the 6-month. The AT, AW, and AR of the major curve were compared before and after 6-month PSSE to investigate the radiographic parameters that improved with regression effect. Results EC was correlated with regression effect (odds ratio: 19.9, 95% confidence interval: 11.3-35.0, P < .001) and the cutoff threshold of EC was 4.4 h/week for 6 months to realize such an effect. AT was improved by 47.6% with curve regression, in which 152 cases remained curve regression and no case progressed into the operative threshold at the 1.5- to 2-year. Conclusions A 6-month PSSE protocol of 4.4 hours per week was potentially leading to curve regression in treating mild to moderate scoliosis. An improvement in AT of the major curve was observed with the regression effect.
Beach Chair Versus Lateral Decubitus Surgical Positioning for Arthroscopic Anterior Shoulder Stabilization: A Retrospective Comparison of Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Paul Ryan W. , Streicher Sydney , Osman Alim , Ukekwe Chuka , Zareef Usman , Freedman Kevin B. , Erickson Brandon J. , Hammoud Sommer , Bishop Meghan E. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Surgical positioning can affect both perioperative and postoperative complication rates. It is unclear whether beach-chair versus lateral decubitus positioning affects outcomes in patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization surgery. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare recurrent instability, complications, and patient-reported outcomes between patients who underwent arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization in the beach-chair versus the lateral decubitus positions. It was hypothesized that recurrent instability, complications, and patient-reported outcomes would not be affected by surgical positioning. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent shoulder stabilization ( Current Procedural Terminology codes 29806 and 29807) from 2015 to 2019. Patients were included only if anterior instability was confirmed, arthroscopic surgery was performed in response to shoulder instability, and a minimum of 2 years of follow-up data were available. Data collected for eligible patients included perioperative and postoperative complications, recurrent instability, reoperation, and revision. Patients also completed surveys for the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score, Oxford Shoulder Instability (OSI) score, and a return to any level of sport (RTS) questionnaire. Results: Overall, 294 patients (162 lateral decubitus and 132 beach-chair positions) were included, with an average follow-up of 2.4 ± 1.6 years. There were no significant differences in demographics between groups, nor were there differences in the rates of postoperative dislocations, subjective instability, reoperations, revisions, or complications. There was a trend toward a higher revision rate in the beach-chair group (beach-chair, 6.1% vs lateral decubitus, 1.9%; P = .069). There was no significant difference between groups regarding RTS rates or postoperative ASES, SANE, and OSI scores at 3.3 ± 1.1 years postoperatively. Conclusion: Surgical positioning for arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization did not significantly affect recurrent instability, complications, and patient-reported outcomes. Both beach-chair and lateral decubitus positioning provided good outcomes for anterior shoulder stabilization, with an overall recurrent dislocation rate of 7.8% at a mean of 3.3 years after surgery.
A Case of Patellar Instability and Lateral Facet Cartilage Defect
Authors: Garcia Grant H. , Haratian Aryan , Hasan Laith K. , Bolia Ioanna K. , Hatch George F. Rick , Petrigliano Frank A. , Weber Alexander E. , Liu Joseph N. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Concomitant cartilage injury is commonly associated with patellofemoral instability. While nonoperative treatment remains the gold standard for first time dislocators, there has been an increased trend toward addressing patellar instability when symptomatic cartilage disease is present. Indications: A healthy active 29-year-old woman >2 years of patellar instability and pain symptoms in the right knee. Imaging revealed tibial tubercle to trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance of 19.8 mm, and a Caton Deschamps Ratio of 1.54. Initial staging arthroscopy demonstrated a near full thickness cartilage defect of the lateral patellar facet measuring 2x2 cm. Technique Description: In the index procedure, a staging diagnostic arthroscopy is performed to evaluate the extent of the cartilage defect. Given the size of the lesion, a matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) biopsy is performed for later implantation. At the second stage procedure, a midline approach to the patella and tibial tubercle is performed. A 45° osteotomy is initiated with a cutting jig. The osteotomy is detached distally to allow for both anteromedialization and distalization to offload the cartilage defect and improve patellar articulation. The lateral patellar facet cartilage defect is prepared, and a combination of fibrin sealant and digital pressure is used to implant the pre-shaped MACI transplant. The osteotomy is then secured with 2 bicortical screws. A semitendinosus allograft is secured to the upper half of the medial border of the patellar and secured to its anatomometric point on the femur to reconstruct the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). Results: Patient successfully returned to running and is currently working on return to other sports with no anterior knee pain or instability. Recent studies have demonstrated overall good clinical outcomes following MACI for patellofemoral lesions. Addressing underlying bony deformity and offloading patellofemoral cartilage lesions with tibial tubercle osteotomy in combination with MPFL reconstruction has improved patellar stability and good patient satisfaction. Discussion/Conclusion: Combined tibial tubercle osteotomy, MPFL reconstruction, and MACI in a comprehensive approach can successfully address symptomatic patellofemoral cartilage disease in the setting of patellar instability with underlying bony abnormalities.
Whole-genome CRISPR screening identifies N-glycosylation as a genetic and therapeutic vulnerability in CALR-mutant MPNs
Authors: Jutzi Jonas S. , Marneth Anna E. , Ciboddo Michele , Guerra-Moreno Angel , Jiménez-Santos María José , Kosmidou Anastasia , Dressman James W. , Liang Hongyan , Hamel Rebecca , Lozano Patricia , Rumi Elisa , Doench John G. , Gotlib Jason , Krishnan Anandi , Elf Shannon , Al-Shahrour Fátima , Mullally Ann 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) mutations are frequent, disease-initiating events in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Although the biological mechanism by which CALR mutations cause MPNs has been elucidated, there currently are no clonally selective therapies for CALR-mutant MPNs. To identify unique genetic dependencies in CALR-mutant MPNs, we performed a whole-genome clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) knockout depletion screen in mutant CALR-transformed hematopoietic cells. We found that genes in the N-glycosylation pathway (among others) were differentially depleted in mutant CALR-transformed cells as compared with control cells. Using a focused pharmacological in vitro screen targeting unique vulnerabilities uncovered in the CRISPR screen, we found that chemical inhibition of N-glycosylation impaired the growth of mutant CALR-transformed cells, through a reduction in MPL cell surface expression. We treated Calr-mutant knockin mice with the N-glycosylation inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose (2-DG) and found a preferential sensitivity of Calr-mutant cells to 2-DG as compared with wild-type cells and normalization of key MPNs disease features. To validate our findings in primary human cells, we performed megakaryocyte colony-forming unit (CFU-MK) assays. We found that N-glycosylation inhibition significantly reduced CFU-MK formation in patient-derived CALR-mutant bone marrow as compared with bone marrow derived from healthy donors. In aggregate, our findings advance the development of clonally selective treatments for CALR-mutant MPNs.
Gut microbiota differs in composition between adults with type 1 diabetes with or without depression and healthy control participants: a case-control study
Authors: Petrak Frank , Herpertz Stephan , Hirsch Julia , Röhrig Bonnie , Donati-Hirsch Iris , Juckel Georg , Meier Juris J. , Gatermann Sören 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Individuals with type 1 diabetes and those with depression show differences in the composition of the gut microbiome from that of healthy people. However, these differences have not yet been studied in patients with both diseases. Therefore, we compared the gut microbiome of people with type 1 diabetes with or without depression with matched healthy controls.

Methods
A case-control study was conducted in 20 adults with type 1 diabetes (group A), 20 adults with type 1 diabetes and depression (group B), and 20 healthy adults (group C). Gut microbiota composition was determined by sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA and alpha and beta diversity was compared between the groups.

Results
Groups A and B both showed higher alpha diversity than the healthy control group (P < 0.001) but alpha diversity did not differ significantly between groups A and B. Participants having type 1 diabetes with (P < 0.05) or without comorbid depression (P < 0.001) differed regarding beta diversity from healthy controls but not between each other. Group B (diabetes with depression) had significantly higher abundance of Megaspaera than groups A and C. Both diabetes groups had a higher abundance of Christensenellaceae, Succinivibrionaceae, and Rhodospirillaceae than the healthy group but similar between-group abundances.

Conclusions
While differences in alpha and beta diversity and in some bacterial taxa occurred only between participants with diabetes and healthy controls, specific characteristics regarding the abundance of Megasphaera were observed in people with diabetes and comorbid depression. In summary, the study findings indicate a possible involvement of bacterial groups in depression in people with diabetes. The results suggest replication studies in larger samples to verify these findings.
Stress-induced HPA activation in virtual navigation and spatial attention performance
Authors: Richardson Anthony E. , VanderKaay Tomasulo Melissa M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous research has shown that spatial performance (e.g. navigation, visuospatial memory, attention) can be influenced by acute stress; however, studies have produced mixed findings sometimes showing an improvement after stress, other times showing impairment or no overall effect. Some of these discrepancies may be related to: the type of stress system activated by the stressor (sympathetic adrenal medulla [SAM] or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical [HPA]); whether cortisol responders vs. nonresponders are analyzed subsequent to main effects; and sex differences in stress responses. In the present study, we examine the influence of HPA activation from an acute laboratory stressor (Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor test [SECPT]) on performance during two spatial tasks: Useful Field of View (UFOV; a measure of spatial attention) and virtual reality (VR) navigation. We assigned 31 males and 30 females to either the SECPT or a Non-Stress condition prior to the two spatial tasks. Cardiovascular measures including heart rate and blood pressure, and salivary cortisol biosamples were obtained at specific time points.

Results
Participants in the Stress condition showed increases in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure indicating sympathetic adrenal medulla (SAM) axis activation. Stress also led to increases in salivary cortisol, suggesting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activation. Stress did not influence overall performance in the spatial attention UFOV or the VR navigation task. However, a sex difference in spatial attention was detected when participants were divided into Stress-cortisol responders and non-responders in the UFOV task. Male Stress-cortisol responders (n = 9) showed better UFOV accuracy than female Stress-cortisol responders (n = 6); no sex differences were found among the Non-Stress control group. Furthermore, for females in the stress condition (n = 14), higher cortisol responses were associated with lower spatial attention performance.

Conclusions
Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor stress resulted in no change in speed or accuracy in a VR navigation task. For the spatial attention task, the SECPT led to a sex difference among Stress-cortisol responders with males showing improved accuracy over females. The relationship between HPA activation and prefrontal cortex activity may be necessary to understand sex differences in spatial attention performance.