bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma: a small case series
Authors: Zhu Jisheng , Wang Guiyan , Sun Gen , Xie Bin , Xiao Weidong , Li Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatic epithelioid angiomyolipomas (HEAMLs) are rare and usually arise in case reports, and thus, we aimed to study the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of these lesions.MethodsWe identified patients from institutional database with HEAMLs and retrospectively collected clinical data.ResultsOf 12 patients, 10 were females, and the median age was 49 years. A liver mass was found on chance upon routine health screening in nine patients. Imaging features included clear border (9/12), internal heterogeneity (8/12), arterial enhancement (12/12), fat (5/12), intra‐tumour vessel (3/12), draining hepatic vein (2/12) and pseudocapsule (1/12). The preoperative diagnoses contained HEAML (n = 5), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 6), and hepatic cystadenocarcinoma (n = 1). All cases had received surgery and obtained a negative margin. All specimens showed positive findings for HMB‐45 and Melan A. No tumour recurrence or mortality was described with a mean follow‐up time of 23.5 months.ConclusionsHEAML is a low potential malignancy tumour that frequently appears in middle‐aged females. It has nonspecific symptoms and may present special imaging features including intra‐tumour vessel, early draining hepatic vein and lack of a pseudo capsule. The lesion is confirmed by pathological and immunohistochemical findings. Surgery and subsequent long‐term follow‐up are the most appropriate management approaches.
A snapshot of intraoperative conditions to predict prolonged postoperative ileus after colorectal surgery
Authors: de Gaay Fortman Duveke P. E. , Kroon Hidde M. , Bedrikovetski Sergei , Fitzsimmons Tracy R. , Dudi‐Venkata Nagendra N. , Sammour Tarik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe cause of prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI) is multifactorial. The influence of preoperative factors on PPOI has been well documented, but little is known about the impact of intraoperative conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of intraoperative factors on PPOI in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.MethodsThe LekCheck study database of the Colorectal Unit at the Royal Adelaide Hospital was analysed. Per patient, over 60 data points were prospectively collected between March 2018 and July 2020. Intraoperative data were collected in theatre during a one‐off snapshot measure. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsData of 336 patients were included. The median age was 66 years and 58.3% were male. Ninety‐three patients (27.7%) developed PPOI. Univariate analysis identified the following intraoperative variables as risk‐factors of PPOI: greater volumes of intraoperative IV fluid administration (464 versus 415 mL/h for those without PPOI; p = 0.04), side‐to‐side anastomosis orientation (53.8 versus 41.2%; p = 0.04) and increased perioperative opioid use (6.73 versus 4.11 mg/kg morphine equivalents for patients with and without PPOI, respectively; p = 0.02). Upon multivariable analysis, increased perioperative opioid use remained significant (p = 0.05), as well as the preoperative factors anticoagulation use (p = 0.04) and higher levels of serum total protein (p = 0.02).ConclusionThis study suggests that intraoperative factors may also contribute to the development of PPOI, but this could not be confirmed in the multivariate analysis. Further studies including larger patient numbers will be required to determine the impact of intraoperative conditions on the development of PPOI.
The structure of executive functioning in 11 to 14 year olds with and without special educational needs
Authors: Messer David , Kearvell‐White Jennifer , Danielsson Henrik , Faulkner Dorothy , Henry Lucy , Ibbotson Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe structure and development of executive functioning (EF) have been intensively studied in typically developing populations, with little attention given to those with Special Educational Needs (SEN). This study addresses this by comparing the EF structure of 132 adolescents (11–14 years‐old) with SEN and 138 adolescents not requiring additional support (Non‐SEN peers). Participants completed verbal and non‐verbal assessments of key components of EF: inhibition, working memory and switching. Confirmatory Factor Analysis on each group tested one‐, two‐ and three‐factor models of EF. In both groups, there was statistical support for the fit of one‐ and two‐factor models with no model being clearly better than the others; there was little support for three‐factor models. Parsimony suggests that the one‐factor model best represents the structure of EF. In light of our results, the implications for the nature of EF in early adolescence in both SEN and Non‐SEN groups are discussed.
Anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 adenoviral‐vector vaccines trigger subclinical antiplatelet autoimmunity and increase of soluble platelet activation markers
Authors: Petito Eleonora , Colonna Elisabetta , Falcinelli Emanuela , Mezzasoma Anna Maria , Cesari Enrica , Giglio Elisa , Fiordi Tiziana , Almerigogna Fabio , Villa Alfredo , Gresele Paolo 
Published: May 2022

SummaryTo slow down the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic an unequalled vaccination campaign was initiated. Despite proven efficacy and safety, a rare but potentially fatal complication of adenoviral‐vector vaccines, called vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), has emerged the pathogenesis of which seems to be related to the development of platelet‐activating anti‐platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies. While a few studies have evaluated the incidence of anti‐PF4 positivity in anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccine recipients, to date no studies have assessed whether an antiplatelet immunological response develops and if this associates with platelet and blood clotting activation. We carried out a prospective study in healthy subjects who received the first dose of ChAdOx1 or Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 vaccines to evaluate platelet‐specific and non‐specific immune response and in vivo platelet activation and blood clotting activation. Individuals receiving ChAdOx1 and, less so, Ad26.COV2.S developed with high frequency auto‐ or alloantiplatelet antibodies, increased circulating platelet‐derived microvesicles and soluble P‐selectin associated with mild blood clotting activation. Our study shows that an immunological reaction involving platelets is not uncommon in individuals receiving anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination, especially after ChAdOx1 and Ad26.COV2.S, and that it associates with in vivo platelet and blood clotting activation.
Minimal residual disease and imaging‐guided consolidation strategies in newly diagnosed and relapsed refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Böckle David , Tabares Paula , Zhou Xiang , Schimanski Sven , Steinhardt Maximilian J. , Bittrich Max , Seebacher Elena , Ulbrich Maria , Wilnit Amy , Metz Corona , Heidemeier Anke , Bley Thorsten , Werner Rudolf , Buck Andreas , Einsele Hermann , Kortüm K. Martin , Beilhack Andreas , Rasche Leo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMeasurement of minimal residual disease (MRD) by next‐generation flow cytometry (NGF) is an important tool to define deep responses in multiple myeloma (MM). However, little is known about the value of combining NGF with functional imaging and its role for MRD‐based consolidation strategies in clinical routine. In the present study, we report our experience investigating these issues with 102 patients with newly diagnosed (n = 57) and relapsed/refractory MM (n = 45). Imaging was performed using either positron emission tomography or diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. In all, 45% of patients achieved MRD‐negativity on both NGF and imaging (double‐negativity), and 8% and 40% of patients were negative on either NGF or imaging respectively. Thus, in a minority of patients imaging was the only technique to detect residual disease. Imaging‐positivity despite negativity on NGF was more common in heavily pretreated disease (four or more previous lines) compared to newly diagnosed MM (p < 0.01). Among the 29 patients undergoing MRD‐triggered consolidation, 51% responded with MRD conversion and 21% with improved serological response. MRD‐triggered consolidation led to superior progression‐free survival (PFS) when compared to standard treatment (p = 0.04). In conclusion, we show that combining NGF with imaging is helpful particularly in patients with heavily pretreated MM, and that MRD‐based consolidation could lead to improved PFS.
Development of a potent small‐molecule degrader against oncogenic BRAFV600E protein that evades paradoxical MAPK activation
Authors: Ohoka Nobumichi , Suzuki Masanori , Uchida Takuya , Tsukumo Yoshinori , Yoshida Masayuki , Inoue Takao , Ohki Hitoshi , Naito Mikihiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBRAF mutations are frequently observed in melanoma and hairy‐cell leukemia. Currently approved rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF) kinase inhibitors targeting oncogenic BRAF V600 mutations have shown remarkable efficacy in the clinic, but their therapeutic benefits are occasionally hampered by acquired resistance due to RAF dimerization–dependent reactivation of the downstream MAPK pathway, which is known as paradoxical activation. There is also a concern that paradoxical activation of the MAPK pathway may trigger secondary cancer progression. In this study, we developed chimeric compounds, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), that target BRAFV600E protein for degradation. CRBN(BRAF)‐24, the most effective chimera, potently degraded BRAFV600E in a ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS)‐dependent manner and inhibited the proliferation of BRAFV600E‐driven cancer cells. In BRAF wild‐type cells, CRBN(BRAF)‐24 induced neither BRAFWT degradation nor paradoxical activation of the MAPK pathway. Biochemical analysis revealed that CRBN(BRAF)‐24 showed more potent and sustained suppression of MAPK signaling than a BRAFV600E inhibitor, PLX‐8394, in BRAFV600E‐driven cancer cells. Targeted degradation of BRAFV600E by CRBN(BRAF)‐24 could be a promising strategy to evade paradoxical activation of the RAF‐MAPK pathway.
Open‐sleeve templates for computer‐assisted implant surgery at healed or extraction sockets: An in vitro comparison to closed‐sleeve guided system and free‐hand approach
Authors: Li Junying , Meneghetti Priscila Ceolin , Galli Matthew , Mendonca Gustavo , Chen Zhaozhao , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveA buccal opening guide provides better view and better irrigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of this open‐sleeve system.Material and MethodsThirty duplicated maxillary models, each with six extraction sockets and four healed sites, were used. Based on the same digital plan, three modalities, sCAIS with open‐sleeves, closed‐sleeves, and free‐hand approach, were used to place implants. The global, horizontal, depth, and angular deviations between the virtual and actual implant positions were measured.ResultsBoth sCAIS groups exhibited better accuracy than the free‐hand group in two clinical scenarios. At healed sites, the closed‐sleeve group showed a significantly fewer error than the open‐sleeve group in global apical (0.68 ± 0.33 vs. 0.96 ± 0.49 mm), horizontal coronal (0.28 ± 0.15 vs. 0.44 ± 0.25 mm), horizontal apical (0.64 ± 0.32 vs. 0.94 ± 0.48 mm), and angular deviations (1.83 ± 0.95 vs. 2.86 ± 1.46°). For extraction sockets, the open‐sleeve group exhibited fewer deviations than the closed‐sleeve group in terms of global (coronal: 0.77 ± 0.29 vs. 0.91 ± 0.22 mm; apical: 1.08 ± 0.49 vs. 1.37 ± 0.52 mm) and horizontal (coronal: 0.60 ± 0.24 vs. 0.86 ± 0.20 mm; apical: 0.95 ± 0.50 vs. 1.32 ± 0.51 mm) deviations. However, the closed‐sleeve group was more accurate in the depth control (0.26 ± 0.20 vs. 0.40 ± 0.31 mm).ConclusionIn this in vitro investigation, open‐sleeve sCAIS proved better accuracy than free‐hand surgery for both delayed and immediate implant placement. Compared with a closed‐sleeve sCAIS system, open sleeve have the potential of providing better outcomes in extraction sockets but not in healed sites.
Community, Time, and (Con)text: A Dynamical Systems Analysis of Online Communication and Community Health among Open‐Source Software Communities
Authors: Paxton Alexandra , Varoquaux Nelle , Holdgraf Chris , Geiger R. Stuart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFree and open‐source software projects have become essential digital infrastructure over the past decade. These projects are largely created and maintained by unpaid volunteers, presenting a potential vulnerability if the projects cannot recruit and retain new volunteers. At the same time, their development on open collaborative development platforms provides a nearly complete record of the community's interactions; this affords the opportunity to study naturally occurring language dynamics at scale and in a context with massive real‐world impact. The present work takes a dynamical systems view of language to understand the ways in which communicative context and community membership shape the emergence and impact of language use—specifically, sentiment and expressions of gratitude. We then present evidence that these language dynamics shape newcomers' likelihood of returning, although the specific impacts of different community responses are crucially modulated by the context of the newcomer's first contact with the community.
Indefinite Pronouns Optimize the Simplicity/Informativeness Trade‐Off
Authors: Denić Milica , Steinert‐Threlkeld Shane , Szymanik Jakub 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe vocabulary of human languages has been argued to support efficient communication by optimizing the trade‐off between simplicity and informativeness. The argument has been originally based on cross‐linguistic analyses of vocabulary in semantic domains of content words, such as kinship, color, and number terms. The present work applies this analysis to a category of function words: indefinite pronouns (e.g., someone, anyone, no one). We build on previous work to establish the meaning space and featural make‐up for indefinite pronouns, and show that indefinite pronoun systems across languages optimize the simplicity/informativeness trade‐off. This demonstrates that pressures for efficient communication shape both content and function word categories. In doing so, our work aligns with several concurrent studies exploring the simplicity/informativeness trade‐off in functional vocabulary. Importantly, we further argue that the trade‐off may explain some of the universal properties of indefinite pronouns, thus reducing the explanatory load for linguistic theories.
Sensitivity to Evidential Dependencies in Judgments Under Uncertainty
Authors: Xie Belinda , Hayes Brett 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccording to Bayesian models of judgment, testimony from independent informants has more evidential value than dependent testimony. Three experiments investigated learners' sensitivity to this distinction. Each experiment used a social version of the balls‐and‐urns task, in which participants judged which of two urns was the most likely source of evidence presented by multiple informants. Informants either provided independent testimony based solely on their own observations or dependent‐sequential testimony that considered the testimonies of previous informants. Although participants updated their beliefs with additional evidence, this updating was generally insensitive to evidential dependency (Experiments 1 and 2). A notable exception was when individuals were separated according to their beliefs about the relative value of independent and sequential evidence. Those who viewed independent evidence as having greater value subsequently gave more weight to independent testimony in the balls‐and‐urns task (Experiment 3), in line with the predictions of a Bayesian model. Our findings suggest that only a minority of individuals conform to Bayesian predictions in the relative weighting of independent and dependent evidence in judgments under uncertainty.
Using partition analysis as a facile method to derive net clearances
Authors: Korzekwa Ken , Yadav Jaydeep , Nagar Swati 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPartition analysis has been described previously by W.W. Cleland to derive net rate constants and simplify the derivation of enzyme kinetic equations. Here, we show that partition analysis can be used to derive elimination and transfer (distribution) net clearances for use in pharmacokinetic models. For elimination clearances, the net clearance approach is exemplified with a mammillary two‐compartment model with peripheral elimination, and the established well‐stirred and full hepatic clearance models. The intrinsic hepatic clearance associated with an observed average hepatic clearance can be easily calculated with net clearances. Expressions for net transfer clearances are easily derived, including models with explicit membranes (e.g., monolayer permeability and blood–brain barrier models). Together, these approaches can be used to derive equations for physiologically based and hybrid compartmental/ physiologically based models. This tutorial describes how net clearances can be used to derive relationships for simple models as well as increasingly complex models, such as inclusion of active transport and target mediated processes.
Requiring help injecting among people who inject drugs in Toronto, Canada: Characterising the need to address sociodemographic disparities and substance‐use specific patterns
Authors: Mitra Sanjana , Kolla Gillian , Bardwell Geoff , Wang Rick , Sniderman Ruby , Mason Kate , Werb Dan , Scheim Ayden 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThose requiring help injecting are at an elevated risk of injection‐related injury and blood‐borne infections and are thus a priority group for harm reduction programs. As supervised consumption services (SCS) are scaled‐up across Canada, information on those who require help injecting is necessary to inform equitable service uptake. We characterised the sociodemographic, structural and drug use correlates of needing help injecting among a cohort of people who inject drugs in Toronto, Canada.MethodsA cross‐sectional baseline survey was administered between November 2018 and March 2020. Unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression models examined associations with requiring help injecting in the past 6 months. A gender‐stratified sub‐analysis described characteristics of receiving help among those requiring it.ResultsOf 701 participants (31.0% cisgender women), 294 (41.9%) needed recent help injecting. In unadjusted analyses, being a racialised, non‐Indigenous person (odds ratio [OR] 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–2.86) or a cisgender woman (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.24–2.39) were associated with needing help. In multivariable analyses, requiring assistance was associated with needing frequent help preparing drugs (adjusted OR [AOR] 9.52, 95% CI 4.78–21.28), fewer years since first injection (AOR for 1 year increase: 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99) and injecting stimulants. Among those who required help, cisgender women reported needing assistance more often than cisgender men (P = 0.009).Discussion and ConclusionsOver two‐fifths of the sample required help injecting; requiring assistance was associated with sociodemographic indicators and substance use‐specific patterns. Findings highlight the need to scale‐up educational resources for those who receive or provide help injecting, as well as SCS that accommodate onsite injection assistance.
S1‐Leitlinie Kontaktekzem
Authors: Dickel Heinrich , Bauer Andrea , Brehler Randolf , Mahler Vera , Merk Hans F. , Neustädter Irena , Strömer Klaus , Werfel Thomas , Worm Margitta , Geier Johannes 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Kontaktekzem (syn.Kontaktdermatitis) ist eine durch äußere Einwirkungen ausgelöste Entzündung der Epidermis und der Dermis am Ort der Einwirkung. Die beiden Hauptformen sind das irritative und das allergische Kontaktekzem, die neben einer ausgeprägten Verminderung der Lebensqualität auch erhebliche gesundheits‐ und sozioökonomische Kosten verursachen. Wegweisend für die erforderlichen diagnostischen Maßnahmen sind die Anamnese und das klinische Bild. Eine möglichst genaue diagnostische Einordnung des Kontaktekzems mittels allergologischer Testung ist wichtig für das Krankheitsmanagement, da hier nicht nur die klassische Ekzemtherapie, sondern auch das Meiden der exogenen auslösenden Faktoren von großer Bedeutung sind. Die Wahl der Therapie sollte sich nach der Akuität, dem klinischen Schweregrad, der Morphologie der Läsionen und der Lokalisation des Kontaktekzems richten. Erforderlich ist eine bedarfsadaptierte Kombination aus Basistherapie, topischer, physikalischer und systemischer Therapie, wobei nicht alle Therapieformen gleichzeitig durchgeführt werden müssen, sondern variierend eingesetzt werden können. Primäre, sekundäre und tertiäre Präventionsstrategien zielen auf die Erkennung der auslösenden Noxen beziehungsweise der auslösenden Allergene mit nachfolgender Kontaktvermeidung oder ‐minimierung.Die vorliegende S1‐Leitlinie zum Kontaktekzem soll vor allem Dermatologen, Allergologen sowie allergologisch und berufsdermatologisch tätigen Ärzten eine Entscheidungshilfe für die Auswahl sowie die Durchführung einer geeigneten und suffizienten Diagnostik, Therapie und Prävention zur Verfügung zu stellen.
The subtypes of developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Lust Jessica M. , Steenbergen Bert , Diepstraten Johanna (Ankie) E. M. , Wilson Peter H. , Schoemaker Marina M. , Poelma Margriet J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo identify subtypes in a large group of children clinically diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) based on their pattern of motor, cognitive, and visual‐motor abilities.MethodStandardized scores for verbal IQ, total IQ, Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC‐2) balance, MABC‐2 manual dexterity, MABC‐2 ball skills, and Beery‐Buktenica Developmental Tests of Visual‐Motor Integration (Beery‐VMI), Motor Coordination (Beery‐MC), and Visual Perception (Beery‐VP) were used. The NbClust complete procedure was used to best partition the data on 98 children (84 males, 14 females, mean [SD] age: 8 years [2 years 1 month]) into clusters. Deviation contrasts, multivariate analysis of variance, and post hoc comparisons were used to characterize the clusters.ResultsFour clusters were revealed: two clusters with a broad motor skill problem, one with relatively preserved visual‐motor integration and Beery‐MC skills, and a second with abnormal ball skills, balance, and Beery‐MC skills. A third cluster with more specific gross‐motor problems, and a fourth with relatively preserved ball skills but low Beery‐MC and performance IQ, were identified. Balance scores were ‘at risk’ or ‘abnormal’ in all four clusters.InterpretationDCD is a heterogeneous condition. However, subtypes can be discriminated on the basis of more severe difficulties in fine‐motor performance, gross‐motor performance, or both. There was evidence for generalized motor impairments in around half of all children. Importantly, at least borderline level reduced balance was evident in each subtype.What this paper adds

Four subtypes were identified in a large clinical group of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD).
Subtypes were based on motor, cognitive, and visual‐motor abilities.
There was evidence of generalized motor impairments in around 50% of children with DCD.
A generalized balance problem is present across all subtypes of DCD.