bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quercetin and luteolin are single-digit micromolar inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Authors: Munafò Federico , Donati Elisa , Brindani Nicoletta , Ottonello Giuliana , Armirotti Andrea , De Vivo Marco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become a global health pandemic. Among the viral proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is responsible for viral genome replication and has emerged as one of the most promising targets for pharmacological intervention against SARS-CoV-2. To this end, we experimentally tested luteolin and quercetin for their ability to inhibit the RdRp enzyme. These two compounds are ancestors of flavonoid natural compounds known for a variety of basal pharmacological activities. Luteolin and quercetin returned a single-digit IC50 of 4.6 µM and 6.9 µM, respectively. Then, through dynamic docking simulations, we identified possible binding modes of these compounds to a recently published cryo-EM structure of RdRp. Collectively, these data indicate that these two compounds are a valid starting point for further optimization and development of a new class of RdRp inhibitors to treat SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other viral infections.
Dimensional stability and mechanical properties of extruded-compression biopolymer composites made from selected Nigerian grown wood species at varying proportions
Authors: Oladimeji A. O. , Agboola F. Z. , Oguntayo D. O. , Aina K. S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract250 µm particle size of wood and polyethylene (PE) materials were compounded at mixing proportions of 60/40, 70/30, and 80/20 (with an increase in polymer to decrease in wood content) and extruded using a single screw extruder at a temperature range of 110–135 °C. The particles of Gmelina Arborea, Tectona grandis, Cordiamilleni, and Nauclea diderichii with recycled Polyethylene were compounded and compressed at 175 N/mm to produce biopolymer composites. The biopolymer composites were subjected to dimensional stability test at 24 h of the water soak method and the ability to withstand load-bearing capacity was investigated. The outcome of the results shows that extruded-compressive biopolymer composites had values ranging from 0.06–1.43 g/cm3, 0.38–3.41%, and 0.82–6.85% for observed density, water absorption, and thickness swelling at 24 h of a water soak test. The mechanical properties values ranged from 0.28 Nmm−2–21.35 Nmm−2 and 0.44–550.06 Nmm−2 for flexural modulus and strength; and 191.43 Nmm−2–1857.24 Nmm−2 and 0.35 Nmm−2–243.75 Nmm−2 for tensile modulus and strength respectively. It was observed that moisture uptake and strength displayed by the composites vary accordingly in values obtained for wood species at different mixing proportions. As observed that the more polyethylene content is compounded to wood, the better its dimensional stability, and flexural and tensile properties. The wood particles of Cordiamilleni compounded at a proportion of 60 to 40 (polyethylene/wood) performed best in dimensional stability and load-bearing capacity. This study confirmed the effect of methods on wood species and recycled PE for manufacturing wood polymer-based composite for both indoor and outdoor applications.
Two octaves spanning photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Nteroli Gianni , Dasa Manoj K. , Messa Giulia , Koutsikou Stella , Bondu Magalie , Moselund Peter M. , Markos Christos , Bang Ole , Podoleanu Adrian , Bradu Adrian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, for the first time, a Photoacoustic Microscopy instrument driven by a single optical source operating over a wide spectral range (475–2400 nm), covering slightly more than two octaves is demonstrated. Xenopus laevis tadpoles were imaged in vivo using the whole spectral range of 2000 nm of a supercontinuum optical source, and a novel technique of mapping absorbers is also demonstrated, based on the supposition that only one chromophore contributes to the photoacoustic signal of each individual voxel in the 3D photoacoustic image. By using a narrow spectral window (of 25 nm bandwidth) within the broad spectrum of the supercontinuum source at a time, in vivo hyper-spectral Photoacoustic images of tadpoles are obtained. By post-processing pairs of images obtained using different spectral windows, maps of five endogenous contrast agents (hemoglobin, melanin, collagen, glucose and lipids) are produced.
Deciphering the genetic basis of male fertility in Italian Brown Swiss dairy cattle
Authors: Pacheco Hendyel A. , Rossoni Attilio , Cecchinato Alessio , Peñagaricano Francisco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImproving reproductive performance remains a major goal in dairy cattle worldwide. Service sire has been recognized as an important factor affecting herd fertility. The main objective of this study was to reveal the genetic basis of male fertility in Italian Brown Swiss dairy cattle. Dataset included 1102 Italian Brown Swiss bulls with sire conception rate records genotyped with 454k single nucleotide polymorphisms. The analysis included whole-genome scans and gene-set analyses to identify genomic regions, individual genes and genetic mechanisms affecting Brown Swiss bull fertility. One genomic region on BTA1 showed significant additive effects. This region harbors gene RABL3 which is implicated cell proliferation and motility. Two genomic regions, located on BTA6 and BTA26, showed marked non-additive effects. These regions harbor genes, such as WDR19 and ADGRA1, that are directly involved in male fertility, including sperm motility, acrosome reaction, and embryonic development. The gene-set analysis revealed functional terms related to cell adhesion, cellular signaling, cellular transport, immune system, and embryonic development. Remarkably, a gene-set analysis also including Holstein and Jersey data, revealed significant processes that are common to the three dairy breeds, including cell migration, cell–cell interaction, GTPase activity, and the immune function. Overall, this comprehensive study contributes to a better understanding of the genetic basis of male fertility in cattle. In addition, our findings may guide the development of novel genomic strategies for improving service sire fertility in Brown Swiss cattle.
Fecobionics characterization of female patients with fecal incontinence
Authors: Futaba Kaori , Chen Ssu-Chi , Leung Wing Wa , Wong Cherry , Mak Tony , Ng Simon , Gregersen Hans 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDefecatory disorders including fecal incontinence (FI) are diagnosed on the symptom pattern supplemented by anorectal manometry (ARM), the balloon expulsion test (BET), and endo-anal ultrasonography. In this study, we used a simulated stool named Fecobionics to study distinct defecation patterns in FI patients using preload-afterload diagrams and to provide comparative data on defecation indices (DIs) between passive and urge incontinent patients. All subjects had Fecobionics, endo-anal ultrasonography and ARM-BET done. The Fecobionics bag was distended in rectum until urge in 37 female patients (64.1 ± 1.5 yrs) and a group of normal subjects (NS, 12F, age 64.8 ± 2.8 yrs). Rear-front pressure (preload-afterload) diagrams and DIs were compared between groups. The FISI score in the patients was 8.6 ± 0.6. The NS did not report FI-related symptoms. All patients and NS defecated Fecobionics and ARM-BET within 2 min. The urge volume was 46.1 ± 3.6 and 35.3 ± 5.9 mL in the FI and normal groups (P > 0.1). The expulsion duration was 14.8 ± 2.4 and 19.8 ± 5.1 s for the two groups (P > 0.1). The preload-afterload diagrams demonstrated clockwise loops that clearly differed between the FI subtypes and NS. The DIs showed profound difference between patients and NS. Fecobionics data showed higher correlation with symptoms in FI patients than ARM-BET. Fecobionics obtained novel pressure signatures in subtypes of FI patients and NS. Fecobionics provides DI data that cannot be obtained with ARM-BET.
Molecular and cellular regulation of psoriatic inflammation
Authors: Macleod Tom , Bridgewood Charles , Hyde Isabel , Heague Megan , Helliwell Philip , Stacey Martin , Wittmann Miriam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis review highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying psoriatic inflammation with an emphasis on recent developments which may impact on treatment approaches for this chronic disease.We consider both the skin and the musculoskeletal compartment and how different manifestations of psoriatic inflammation are linked. This review brings a focus to the importance of inflammatory feedback loops that exist in the initiation and chronic stages of the condition, and how close interaction between the epidermis and both innate and adaptive immune compartments drives psoriatic inflammation. Furthermore, we highlight work done on biomarkers to predict the outcome of therapy as well as the transition from psoriasis to psoriatic arthritis.
A review of fault diagnosis, prognosis and health management for aircraft electromechanical actuators
Authors: Yin Zhengyang , Hu Niaoqing , Chen Jiageng , Yang Yi , Shen Guoji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs More/All Electric Aircraft gradually become a research hotspot, electromechanical actuators (EMAs), which can directly convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, have gained more and more attention. However, since the reliability of EMA cannot meet the requirements of actual aircrafts, the practical application of EMA is severely limited. Therefore, fault diagnosis, prognosis and health management (DPHM), which can realise condition‐based maintenance (CBM), has become the key technology in the application of EMA. The aim is to summarise the research on EMA fault modes, fault diagnosis, prognosis and health management systematically and comprehensively. First, the basic structure and common fault modes of EMAs are introduced, and the failure mechanism of EMA is studied. Then, the algorithms of DPHM for EMAs are reviewed in detail. The perception strategies of data acquisition are analysed, and the EMA fault diagnosis methods, including model‐based and data‐driven methods, are reviewed. The research of remaining useful life (RUL) prediction and fault‐tolerant control are introduced. After that, some problems of the existing research on EMA DPHM and their potential solutions are put forward. Finally, several possible developing directions of research on EMA DPHM are predicted.
Towards transactive energy: An analysis of information‐related practical issues
Authors: Chen Yue , Yang Yu , Xu Xiaoyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe development of distributed energy resources, such as rooftop photovoltaic (PV) panels, batteries, and electric vehicles (EVs), has decentralized the power system operation, where transactive energy markets empower local energy exchanges. Transactive energy contributes to building a low‐carbon energy system by better matching the distributed renewable sources and demand. Effective market mechanisms are a key part of transactive energy market design. Despite fruitful research on related topics, some practical challenges must be addressed. This review surveys three practical issues related to information exchange in transactive energy markets: asynchronous computing, truthful reporting, and privacy preservation. The state‐of‐the‐art results are summarized and relevant multidisciplinary theories are introduced. Based on these findings, several potential research directions are suggested that could provide insights for future studies.
An improved point feature‐based sparse stereo vision
Authors: Chen Changhao , Song Bifeng , Bu Shuhui , He Lei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince the limitation on the onboard equipment, the sparse stereo vision is becoming a suitable choice for the deployment of micro air vehicles (MAV) and small robots. However, for the point feature‐based sparse stereo, most of the current stereo algorithms ignore the similarity between feature points, so it is hard to achieve high accuracy. In addition, the problem of clustered feature distribution will still affect the performance of point feature‐based algorithms in the application. To make up for these deficiencies, the authors propose an improved features from accelerated segment test (FAST) feature detector to suppress the point detection in complex texture regions. Most importantly, the authors present a novel census transform (CT)‐based algorithm that contains two encoders ‘texture orientation’ and ‘texture gradient’ to get a more efficient census bit string for the feature point. Instead of randomly selecting pixels to calculate the bit string, we combine the texture characteristics of the census windows where feature points are located. Compared with the original CT, the processing speed of our method is improved, and the average error of our method is reduced by 18.05%. The evaluation results show the presented improved point feature‐based sparse stereo algorithm has a great value in engineering applications.
A novel detail weighted histogram equalization method for brightness preserving image enhancement based on partial statistic and global mapping model
Authors: Li Yu , Yuan Zifeng , Zheng Kun , Jia Luheng , Guo Huaqiu , Pan Hongyuan , Guo Jingjing , Huang Lidong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHistogram equalization (HE) is a classic and widely used image contrast enhancement algorithm for its good performance and high efficiency. However, over‐enhancement caused by high peak in the histogram affects the subjective quality of the image processed by HE to a large extent. In this paper, a detail weighted histogram equalization (DWHE) method is proposed based on a novel histogram modification (HM) model named partial statistic and global mapping (PSGM) to alleviate high peak and suppress over‐enhancement. Moreover, the authors implement a refined version of gamma correction (GC) named texture enhancement function (TEF) on high‐frequency images to reduce the noise amplification effect. At last, the authors propose a novel adaptively weighted pixel‐level image fusion method to further reduce the phenomenon of over‐enhancement and improve brightness distribution. Both subjective and quantitative evaluations are conducted on images containing a variety of scenes. Compared with several state‐of‐the‐art image enhancement methods, the proposed framework obtained generally the best performance in aspects of both subjective appearance and objective evaluation indices. Therefore, it is proved that the proposed methods can effectively alleviate the over‐enhancement, enrich image details, and efficiently improve the visual quality while preserving the brightness of the image.
Two‐stage planning of synchronous distributed generations in distribution network considering protection coordination index and optimal operation situation
Authors: Sadeghi S. Mohsen , Daryalal Mehdi , Abasi Mahyar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents economic planning of synchronous distributed generations (SDGs) constrained to protection and operation indices in the distribution network. The proposed scheme has a two‐stage formulation. In the first stage, optimal protection coordination (OPC) is modelled in the first phase in a network without SDGs. This phase considers the total operating time of all overvoltage relays in primary and backup protective modes for different fault locations constrained to the coordination interval and setting parameters of the relays. Then, candidate buses and maximum installable size of SDGs are extracted in the second phase in proportion to preserving the OPC based on calculating the protection coordination index (PCI). In the second stage, bi‐objective planning of SDGs is modelled based on the results extracted in the first stage. In this stage, minimization of the weighted sum of planning cost of SDGs is presented by taking into account optimal AC power flow constraints and operation‐planning model of SDGs. By implementing the scheme on standard distribution networks, numerical results verify the validity of the suggested scheme in maintaining the protection coordination when placing SDGs in distribution network and enhancing economic and operation indices in comparison to power flow studies.
Rekonstruktionen von Weichteildefekten der Achillessehnen region
– eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Rein Susanne , Kremer Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Weichteildefekte der Regio tendinis achilleae treten nach
Traumata und insbesondere als Komplikation nach offener Rekonstruktion der Sehne
mit nachfolgendem Infekt auf.
Ziel der Arbeit Es werden Empfehlungen zur Therapie von
Weichteilverletzungen mit Beteiligung der Achillessehne im Kontext der Literatur
formuliert.
Material und Methoden Es wurde eine Recherche der deutsch-,
französisch- und englischsprachigen Literatur zur Rekonstruktion von
Hautweichteildefekten der Achillessehnenregion durchgeführt, welche in
singuläre und kombinierte tendokutane Defekte differenziert wurden.
Kombinierte Defekte wurden basierend auf drei rekonstruktiven Prinzipien weiter
untergliedert in: ein alleiniger Verschluss der Haut ohne Sehnenrekonstruktion
sowie eine Rekonstruktion der Haut zusammen mit einer Sehnenrekonstruktion als
vaskularisiertes oder avaskuläres Transplantat.
Ergebnisse Lokale und distal gestielte Lappenplastiken sind für
die Rekonstruktion über der Achillessehne mit einer hohen lokalen
Morbidität behaftet, weshalb die Autoren freie Lappenplastiken aufgrund
der geringeren Komplikationsrate favorisieren. Hier eignet sich für
kleine Defekte die freie Medial Sural Artery (MSAP-)Lappenplastik, bei
großen Defekten Muskeloder fasziokutane Lappenplastiken. Technik der
Wahl für die kombinierte tendokutane Rekonstruktion ist die
ALTLappenplastik mit vaskularisierter Fascia lata. Als nicht vaskuläre
Sehnentransplantate werden häufig die Sehne des M. flexor hallucis
longus oder des M. peroneus brevis verwendet.
Fazit Die Rekonstruktion der Achillessehnenregion erfordert dünne
strapazier- und gleitfähige Lappen, die eine Schuhver- sorgung
ermöglichen. Die postoperative Kraft und Beweglichkeit des
Sprunggelenkes zeigen vergleichbare funktionelle Resultate nach vaskularisierter
und nicht vaskularisierter Seh- nenrekonstruktion.
Arthroscopic Caudal Cruciate Ligament Damage in Canine Stifles with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease
Authors: Agnello Kimberly A. , Brown Dorothy Cimino , Zyla Samuel G. , Hayashi Kei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to describe the arthroscopic changes to the caudal cruciate ligament (CdCL) in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease.
Study Design Arthroscopic video recordings (n = 117) of the stifle with cranial cruciate ligament disease were reviewed. The extent of CdCL tearing was described. Signalment, palpable stifle stability and the presence of a meniscal tear were recorded. Pathology of the synovial joint and the synovium overlying the CdCL were scored at two time points.Two-way interactions were investigated (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis and a Wald test (p < 0.20) were performed. Factors were retained with a Wald test p < 0.05 or if a confounder, then a changing model coefficient >15%. A weighted kappa statistic was used to evaluate intraobserver agreement.
Results Caudal cruciate ligament tearing was identified in 94% of stifles. Longitudinal tearing (76%) was the most common type of damage (45% partial, 31% full thickness). Synovitis was present in all joints and changes to the synovium overlying the CdCL were less frequently identified (67%).Synovitis was associated with the degree to CdCL tearing. Synovitis overlying the CdCL was associated with lower body weight and lower CdCL damage.
Conclusion Caudal cruciate ligament damage is common in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease and longitudinal tearing was the most common injury identified. Severity of joint pouch synovitis was positively correlated with the degree of CdCL damage and the portion of the CdCL not exposed to the synovium was unaffected. These findings suggest synovitis is likely a contributor to CdCL injury.
Contrast-Enhanced Low-Field MRI Occasionally Alters the Surgical Approach for Canine Intervertebral Disc Extrusions
Authors: Craciun Ioana , Khan Sam , Hughes Jonathan , Freeman Paul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectives The aim of this study was to describe how the addition of contrast-enhanced low-field magnetic resonance imaging sequences can confirm or change the initially planned surgical approach for canine intervertebral disc extrusions.Study Design Magnetic resonance imagings of 20 dogs diagnosed with intervertebral disc extrusions were retrospectively reviewed by a board-certified neurologist for the location of extradural disc material, contrast enhancement, and whether enhancement reinforced or changed the initially planned surgical approach.Results Extradural compressive material contrast-enhanced in 17/20 dogs. In 14/20 dogs, enhancement was considered to increase the confidence level of the location for surgery including two cases where the surgical approach was altered.Conclusion Gadolinium-based contrast agents in low-field magnetic resonance imaging can aid the surgical planning of intervertebral disc extrusions in dogs by improving the confidence level of location and extent of extradural material and occasionally altering the surgical approach.
Thickness and volume dependence of dielectric strength in advanced nanodielectric materials allowing for further size reduction of ultrahigh voltage capacitor prototypes
Authors: Schulte E. , Curry R. D. , Dickerson S. , Brown L. , Howard A. 
Published: June 2022

We have developed a high dielectric, nanocomposite material, MU100, for use in pulsed power applications that include dielectric loaded antennas and ultra-high voltage capacitors. This paper presents the electrical properties of the first full-scale capacitor prototype along with sub-element modules. Additionally, refinements in the development process have sparked interest in a third-generation capacitor that would use similar dimensions as the initial small-scale samples that recorded breakdown fields of 225 kV/cm on average with peak breakdown fields of 328 kV/cm. The dielectric constant of these large-scale capacitors was 160. These capacitor prototypes have demonstrated voltage hold off of 500 kV. Similarly, thin samples that operated at 35–40 kV had lifetimes without failure in excess of 800 000 discharges at 80% of their maximum rated field strength.