bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hand surgery and hand therapy clinical practice guideline for epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Box Rachel , Bernardis Catina , Pleshkov Alexander , Jessop Nicky , Miller Catherine , Skye Jennifer , O’Brien Virginia , Veerkamp Matthew , da Rocha Anna Carolina Ferreira , Cornwall Roger 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
What is already known about this topic?
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) causes blistering and scarring of the hands resulting in contractures fused web spaces and altered function. Surgery is needed to release contractures and web spaces and hand therapy is essential to maintain results, approaches for both differ.

What does this study add?
These guidelines aim to provide information on the surgical and conservative therapeutic hand management of children and adults diagnosed with EB. They are based on available evidence and expert consensus to assist hand surgeons and therapists in decision making, planning and treatment. They highlight the importance of a holistic multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach, where patient priorities are paramount.
Corticotropin-stimulated steroid profiles to predict shock development and mortality in sepsis: From the HYPRESS study
Authors: Briegel Josef , Möhnle Patrick , Keh Didier , Lindner Johanna M. , Vetter Anna C. , Bogatsch Holger , Lange Dorothea , Frank Sandra , Hinske Ludwig C. , Annane Djillali , Vogeser Michael ,   SepNet Critical Care Trials Group, Bauer Michael , Brenner Thorsten , Meybohm Patrick , Weigand Markus , Gründling Matthias , Löffler Markus , Kiehntopf Michael , Bloos Frank , Elke Gunnar , Meersch-Dini Melanie , Putensen Christian , Kaasch Achim , Kluge Stefan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rationale
Steroid profiles in combination with a corticotropin stimulation test provide information about steroidogenesis and its functional reserves in critically ill patients.

Objectives
We investigated whether steroid profiles before and after corticotropin stimulation can predict the risk of in-hospital death in sepsis.

Methods
An exploratory data analysis of a double blind, randomized trial in sepsis (HYPRESS [HYdrocortisone for PRevention of Septic Shock]) was performed. The trial included adult patients with sepsis who were not in shock and were randomly assigned to placebo or hydrocortisone treatment. Corticotropin tests were performed in patients prior to randomization and in healthy subjects. Cortisol and precursors of glucocorticoids (17-OH-progesterone, 11-desoxycortisol) and mineralocorticoids (11-desoxycorticosterone, corticosterone) were analyzed using the multi-analyte stable isotope dilution method (LC–MS/MS). Measurement results from healthy subjects were used to determine reference ranges, and those from placebo patients to predict in-hospital mortality.

Measurements and main results
Corticotropin tests from 180 patients and 20 volunteers were included. Compared to healthy subjects, patients with sepsis had elevated levels of 11-desoxycorticosterone and 11-desoxycortisol, consistent with activation of both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid pathways. After stimulation with corticotropin, the cortisol response was subnormal in 12% and the corticosterone response in 50% of sepsis patients. In placebo patients (n = 90), a corticotropin-stimulated cortisol-to-corticosterone ratio > 32.2 predicted in-hospital mortality (AUC 0.8 CI 0.70–0.88; sensitivity 83%; and specificity 78%). This ratio also predicted risk of shock development and 90-day mortality.

Conclusions
In this exploratory analysis, we found that in sepsis mineralocorticoid steroidogenesis was more frequently impaired than glucocorticoid steroidogenesis. The corticotropin-stimulated cortisol-to-corticosterone ratio predicts the risk of in-hospital death.
Trial registration Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00670254. Registered 1 May 2008, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00670254.
Mapping responsive genomic elements to heat stress in a maize diversity panel
Authors: Liang Zhikai , Myers Zachary A. , Petrella Dominic , Engelhorn Julia , Hartwig Thomas , Springer Nathan M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Many plant species exhibit genetic variation for coping with environmental stress. However, there are still limited approaches to effectively uncover the genomic region that regulates distinct responsive patterns of the gene across multiple varieties within the same species under abiotic stress.

Results
By analyzing the transcriptomes of more than 100 maize inbreds, we reveal many cis- and trans-acting eQTLs that influence the expression response to heat stress. The cis-acting eQTLs in response to heat stress are identified in genes with differential responses to heat stress between genotypes as well as genes that are only expressed under heat stress. The cis-acting variants for heat stress-responsive expression likely result from distinct promoter activities, and the differential heat responses of the alleles are confirmed for selected genes using transient expression assays. Global footprinting of transcription factor binding is performed in control and heat stress conditions to document regions with heat-enriched transcription factor binding occupancies.

Conclusions
Footprints enriched near proximal regions of characterized heat-responsive genes in a large association panel can be utilized for prioritizing functional genomic regions that regulate genotype-specific responses under heat stress.
Does additional extracorporeal shock wave therapy improve the effect of isolated percutaneous radiofrequency coblation in patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy? Study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Song Yu-Jie , Xuan Wen-Kai , Hua Ying-Hui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
No conclusive evidence recommends a prior treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT). It is theorized that both percutaneous radiofrequency coblation and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) relieve pain within the insertion. However, no clinical evidence shows that either treatment promotes the regeneration of the tendon or if the combination of these 2 interventions offers better function and less pain than one therapy.

Methods
The study is a randomized, controlled trial with patients allocated in a 1:1 ratio to one of two parallel groups. Patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy who are not satisfied with the effect of conservative treatment will be screened. A minimum of 38 patients will be enrolled after deciding to participate in the trial on an informed basis. Then the intervention group and the control group perform radial ESWT and sham-ESWT respectively at 6 months after percutaneous radiofrequency coblation. The primary outcome will be the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment Achilles (VISA-A) Score. Secondary outcome measures will be Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) scale, visual analog scale (VAS), Tegner Score, and MRI ultra-short echo time (UTE) T2* value. The assessments will occur in 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, post-operatively. The differences between the 2 groups will be conducted as intention-to-treat basis.

Discussion
We aim to investigate if radiofrequency coblation associated with ESWT can provide more encouraging imaging findings as well as functional and clinical outcomes regarding the treatment of the IAT comparing to the single radiofrequency coblation treatment.

Trial registration
ChiCTR1800017898; pre-results. Registered on 20 August 2018.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score in Finnish-speaking overhead athletes
Authors: Sukanen Maria , Pajari Jesse , Äyrämö Sami , Paloneva Juha , Waller Benjamin , Häkkinen Arja , Multanen Juhani 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow score (KJOC) is developed to evaluate the shoulder and elbow function in overhead athletes. To date, the score has not been adapted into Finnish language. The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow score (KJOC) into Finnish language and evaluate its validity, reliability, and responsiveness in overhead athletes.

Methods
Forward–backward translation method was followed in the cross-cultural adaptation process. Subsequently, 114 overhead athletes (52 males, 62 females, mean age 18.1 ± 2.8 years) completed the Finnish version of KJOC score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) and RAND-36 to assess validity of the KJOC score. To evaluate reliability and responsiveness, the participants filled in the KJOC score 16 days and eight months after the first data collection. Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Finnish KJOC score were statistically tested.

Results
Minor modifications were made during the cross-cultural translation and adaptation process, which were related to culture specific terminology in sports and agreed by an expert committee. Construct validity of the KJOC score was moderate to high, based on the correlations with DASH (r = − 0.757); DASH sports module (r = − 0.667); ASES (r = 0.559); and RAND-36 (r = 0.397) questionnaires. Finnish KJOC score showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.92) and good test–retest reliability (2-way mixed-effects model ICC = 0.77) with acceptable measurement error level (SEM 5.5; MDC 15.1). Ceiling effect was detected for asymptomatic athletes in each item (23.2–61.1%), and for symptomatic athletes in item 5 (47.4%). Responsiveness of the Finnish KJOC score could not be confirmed due to conflicting follow-up results.

Conclusion
The Finnish KJOC score was found to be a valid and reliable questionnaire measuring the self-reported upper arm status in Finnish-speaking overhead athletes.
Spatio-temporal forecasting of future volcanism at Harrat Khaybar, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alohali Abdullah , Bertin Daniel , de Silva Shanaka , Cronin Shane , Duncan Robert , Qaysi Saleh , Moufti Mohammed R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe 180,000 km2 of Arabian lava fields (“harrats” in Arabic) form one of the largest distributed basaltic provinces in the world. The most recent eruption in 1256 AD, on the outskirts of Medina, as well as shallow dike emplacement in 2009, ~ 200 km northeast of the city, suggest future volcanic threat to this area. Harrat Khaybar (~ 1.7 Ma to present) is one of the largest and most compositionally diverse Arabian lava fields; it is located ~ 137 km northeast of Medina and covers ~ 14,000 km2. Here, we present a new eruption event record and the first estimation of future potential locations and timing of volcanism in Harrat Khaybar. Volcanic vents and eruptive fissures were mapped using remote sensing and field studies, and categorized into a geospatial database, complemented by 16 new 40Ar/39Ar ages. Our analysis reveals that Harrat Khaybar developed over five eruptive phases, where vent locations over time focus towards the central axis forming a broad N-S trend, with a central group concentrated along an axis of the regional Makkah-Madinah-Nafud (MMN) line and wider spatial dispersion between vents outwards from there. For the whole field, we estimate a long-term average recurrence rate of ~ 2.3 eruptions per 10 kyr assuming a Poisson distribution for inter-event times, which indicates that Harrat Khaybar would belong to a global group of highly active distributed volcanic fields. Our analysis also reveals that the field likely had a “flare-up” period between 450 and 300 ka where the vast majority of eruptions occurred, with ~ 18 eruptions per 10 kyr. After this intense period, eruption rates fell to < 2 eruptions per 10 kyr. Based on our findings, we estimate cumulative probabilities of 1.09 and 16.3% as lower and upper bounds of at least one eruption occurring over the next 100 years somewhere in Harrat Khaybar, with the highest probabilities within the central axis region, in particular around Jabal Qidr, Bayda and Abyad.
Adoption of improved cook stoves by households in informal settlements of Woreda 12, Yeka subcity, Addis Ababa
Authors: Kebede Nibretu , Tolossa Degefa , Tefera Tamirat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study analyzed the factors affecting the use of improved cook stoves (ICS) in informal settlements of Addis Ababa based on the data generated from 450 households drawn fromWoreda(Woredais a local term used to describe the lowest administrative unit of Addis Ababa City Administration, Ethiopia.) 12 ofYeka subcity.It examined the interactive effect of households’ socio-economic backgrounds and energy sources on the adoption of ICS. The data were analyzed using descriptive methods and the multinomial logit model.ResultsDemographic and economic factors such as sex of the household head,[Household head is the one who has an income and decision-making power in family affairs (a husband for married people)], family size and family income have no relationships with households’ ICS use while education level, number of years lived in the area, type of home owned, and stove-operating costs have a significant influence on the choice of an ICS. Households that live in a good home (made from wood and cement) used moreMirt(Mirtis an improved firewood stove mainly used to bakeInjeraand bread.) andLakech[Lakechalso calledTikikilis an improved charcoal stove used to cook different kinds of dishes (non-Injera)] stoves than the traditional three-stone stoves. On the other hand, household heads with higher levels of education and who have lived more than 7 years in the area in a better home owned more ICS than the traditional three-stone stoves.ConclusionsThe availability, affordability, durability and simplicity to operate stoves, and subsidies affect the choice of an ICS. Energy sources that are commonly used by households in informal settlements also have a strong influence on the choice of energy-efficient stoves. Compared to ICS, heavy use of traditional three-stone stoves by households that already have access to electricity, directs government policies to focus on providing reliable electric service and subsidize those using ICS.
Deciphering lipid dysregulation in ALS: from mechanisms to translational medicine
Authors: Agrawal Ira , Lim Yong Shan , Ng Shi-Yan , Ling Shuo-Chien 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLipids, defined by low solubility in water and high solubility in nonpolar solvents, can be classified into fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols. Lipids not only regulate integrity and fluidity of biological membranes, but also serve as energy storage and bioactive molecules for signaling. Causal mutations in SPTLC1 (serine palmitoyltransferase long chain subunit 1) gene within the lipogenic pathway have been identified in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a paralytic and fatal motor neuron disease. Furthermore, lipid dysmetabolism within the central nervous system and circulation is associated with ALS. Here, we aim to delineate the diverse roles of different lipid classes and understand how lipid dysmetabolism may contribute to ALS pathogenesis. Among the different lipids, accumulation of ceramides, arachidonic acid, and lysophosphatidylcholine is commonly emerging as detrimental to motor neurons. We end with exploring the potential ALS therapeutics by reducing these toxic lipids.
Methylome and transcriptome data integration reveals potential roles of DNA methylation and candidate biomarkers of cow Streptococcus uberis subclinical mastitis
Authors: Wang Mengqi , Bissonnette Nathalie , Laterrière Mario , Dudemaine Pier-Luc , Gagné David , Roy Jean-Philippe , Zhao Xin , Sirard Marc-André , Ibeagha-Awemu Eveline M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMastitis caused by different pathogens includingStreptococcus uberis(S. uberis) is responsible for huge economic losses to the dairy industry. In order to investigate the potential genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of subclinical mastitis due toS. uberis, the DNA methylome (whole genome DNA methylation sequencing) and transcriptome (RNA sequencing) of milk somatic cells from cows with naturally occurringS. uberissubclinical mastitis and healthy control cows (n = 3/group) were studied.ResultsGlobally, the DNA methylation levels of CpG sites were low in the promoters and first exons but high in inner exons and introns. The DNA methylation levels at the promoter, first exon and first intron regions were negatively correlated with the expression level of genes at a whole-genome-wide scale. In general, DNA methylation level was lower inS. uberis-positive group (SUG) than in the control group (CTG). A total of 174,342 differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) (FDR < 0.05) were identified between SUG and CTG, including 132,237, 7412 and 34,693 DMCs in the context of CpG, CHG and CHH (H = A or T or C), respectively. Besides, 101,612 methylation haplotype blocks (MHBs) were identified, including 451 MHBs that were significantly different (dMHB) between the two groups. A total of 2130 differentially expressed (DE) genes (1378 with up-regulated and 752 with down-regulated expression) were found in SUG. Integration of methylome and transcriptome data with MethGET program revealed 1623 genes with significant changes in their methylation levels and/or gene expression changes (MetGDE genes, MethGETP-value < 0.001). Functional enrichment of genes harboring ≥ 15 DMCs, DE genes and MetGDE genes suggest significant involvement of DNA methylation changes in the regulation of the host immune response toS. uberisinfection, especially cytokine activities. Furthermore, discriminant correlation analysis with DIABLO method identified 26 candidate biomarkers, including 6 DE genes, 15 CpG-DMCs and 5 dMHBs that discriminated between SUG and CTG.ConclusionThe integration of methylome and transcriptome of milk somatic cells suggests the possible involvement of DNA methylation changes in the regulation of the host immune response to subclinical mastitis due toS. uberis. The presented genetic and epigenetic biomarkers could contribute to the design of management strategies of subclinical mastitis and breeding for mastitis resistance.
Nutrient dynamics in coral symbiosis depend on both the relative and absolute abundance of Symbiodiniaceae species
Authors: McIlroy Shelby E. , terHorst Casey P. , Teece Mark , Coffroth Mary Alice 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Symbionts provide a variety of reproductive, nutritional, and defensive resources to their hosts, but those resources can vary depending on symbiont community composition. As genetic techniques open our eyes to the breadth of symbiont diversity within myriad microbiomes, symbiosis research has begun to consider what ecological mechanisms affect the identity and relative abundance of symbiont species and how this community structure impacts resource exchange among partners. Here, we manipulated the in hospite density and relative ratio of two species of coral endosymbionts (Symbiodinium microadriaticum and Breviolum minutum) and used stable isotope enrichment to trace nutrient exchange with the host, Briareum asbestinum.

Results
The patterns of uptake and translocation of carbon and nitrogen varied with both density and ratio of symbionts. Once a density threshold was reached, carbon acquisition decreased with increasing proportions of S. microadriaticum. In hosts dominated by B. minutum, nitrogen uptake was density independent and intermediate. Conversely, for those corals dominated by S. microadriaticum, nitrogen uptake decreased as densities increased, and as a result, these hosts had the overall highest (at low density) and lowest (at high density) nitrogen enrichment.

Conclusions
Our findings show that the uptake and sharing of nutrients was strongly dependent on both the density of symbionts within the host, as well as which symbiont species was dominant. Together, these complex interactive effects suggest that host regulation and the repression of in hospite symbiont competition can ultimately lead to a more productive mutualism.
The social representation of fintech from the perspective of traditional financial sector professionals: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Joia Luiz Antonio , Proença Rodrigo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to reveal the social representation of fintech from the perspective of traditional financial sector professionals in Brazil—herein used as a proxy for emerging markets—to interpret and compare it with the scientific literature on the concept of fintech. To achieve this, we applied the social representations theory associated with the word evocation test, similarity analysis, and descending hierarchical classification. After analyzing the results, we perceived a partial misalignment between the existing literature on the concept of fintech and the perspective of traditional financial sector professionals concerning this construct. In contrast to the literature surveyed, the respondents lack perception regarding the potential of fintech to constitute disruptive technology for the traditional financial sector—radically transforming or even eliminating it. In addition, traditional financial sector professionals have little insight into the potential of fintech to financially include the low-income population, owing to their lower costs and greater ease of use. Finally, traditional financial sector professionals failed to appreciate the need to develop a legal and regulatory framework for the performance of fintech in emerging markets. This is a subject that has also been scantly addressed by academia.
Reading approaches practiced in EFL classrooms: a narrative review and research agenda
Authors: Ali Zulfiquar , Palpanadan Sarala Thulasi , Asad Muhammad Mujtaba , Churi Prathamesh , Namaziandost Ehsan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReading is an essential skill for students to perform effectively and successfully in any academic setting. This skill is vital for foreign language learners as it provides chances for students to be exposed to English in input-poor settings. English as a foreign language students’ reading skills in diverse contexts remain substandard due to the lack of necessary input and efficient instructional methodologies. Thus, we review the literature on three common reading instructional approaches: the intensive reading (IR) approach, the extensive reading (ER) approach, and the blended IR and ER approach. This review summarizes the existing literature on IR, ER, and blended IR and ER and provides the critical appraisal of existing scholarly literature from several aspects, including reading approach, research design, research context, data analysis method, and the results of various studies of reading approaches. Finally, we present several future research directions in the field of reading research.