bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE OLD AND NEW OF DIGITAL HISTORY
Authors: TANAKA STEFAN 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThis article reflects on the expectations and changes that digital technologies have brought to history, activities that are increasingly codified as digital history. Because of the breadth of digital technologies and communicative media, the contours of a digital history are still unclear, so I frame my discussion with two potential narratives that begin from different ideas that emerged from World War II weapons research. One narrative begins with Roberto Busa and the application of a computer to find concordances in the writings of Saint Thomas Aquinas. The emphasis here is on the application of computer technologies to the practice of history. The second narrative begins with Vannevar Bush's essay “As We May Think” and focuses on digital technologies as a key element in an information system. This beginning invites a parallel between inscription technologies (especially the movable‐type press) and knowledge systems. Both narratives imbibe the modern faith in technology to improve; the “new” is better, but the latter better involves humans and societies. Despite important differences between them, both narratives lead to an inquiry into the foundations of our modern knowledge system. In the case of history, the question is whether a knowledge system that was developed in the nineteenth century and designed to encompass and order the world into one system is still apposite in our digital world. I close by suggesting that one such presumption that needs to be reconsidered is the idea of the past as a prior and distant time‐form. A shift from “the past” to “pasts” opens history to a broader field of previous happenings and a reconsideration of chronological time, of change, and to other modes of transmission, such as storytelling.
Electrochemical corrosion behaviors of Ti3SiC2/Cu composites in a 3.5% NaCl solution
Authors: Wu Chenlong , Zhang Rui , Liu Fuyan , Chen Biao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical corrosion behaviors of Ti3SiC2/Cu composite and polycrystalline Ti3SiC2 in a 3.5% NaCl medium were investigated by dynamic potential polarization, potentiostat polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The polycrystalline Ti3SiC2 was tested on the identical condition as a control. The characterizations of XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and energy‐dispersive spectrometer were used to study the relevant passivation behavior and corrosive mechanism. The self‐corrosion current density of Ti3SiC2/Cu (6.46 × 10−6 A/cm2) was slightly higher than that of Ti3SiC2 (1.64 × 10−7 A/cm2). Under open circuit potential, the corrosion resistance of Ti3SiC2/Cu was better than that of Ti3SiC2. Ti3SiC2/Cu exhibited a typical passivation feature with a narrow passivation interval and a breakdown phenomenon. The better corrosion resistance of Ti3SiC2 was due to the more stable Si layer of the former. In comparison, for Ti3SiC2/Cu composites, Cu reacted with the reactive Si layers in Ti3SiC2 to form Cu–Si compounds and TiC, destroying the weak interaction between Si layers and Ti–C layers. In the other hand, the as‐formed Cu–Si compounds and TiC dissolved during the corrosion of Ti3SiC2/Cu in the 3.5% NaCl medium, causing to the destruction of the passivation film on its surface.
Effects of high‐temperature cooking soybean dregs on the characteristics of non‐fermented dough and the sensory quality of dumpling wrapper
Authors: Zeng Jingjing , Gao Haiyan , Zeng Jie , Wang Zhaojun 
Published: December 2022

SummaryWheat flour was replaced by soybean dregs with contents of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% respectively. The effects of soybean dregs on the characteristics of non‐fermented dough and the sensory quality of dumpling wrapper were studied. The results showed that with the increase of the content of soybean dregs, the total weakening value and retrogradation value of mixed flour decreased. The cooking stability reached its maximum when the addition of soybean dregs was 1.0%. The attenuation value and enthalpy value of mixed powders decreased gradually, and the regeneration value was consistent with the research results of thermal–mechanical properties. This shows that the addition of soybean dregs enhances the thermal stability and anti‐ageing ability of wheat flour. The content of free water in dough decreases, which enhances the ability of doughs to bind water. The microstructure showed that when the addition amount was 1.0%–1.5%, soybean dregs had little damage to the gluten network structure in the dough. The sensory results showed that the use of soybean dregs in cooked dumpling wrapper products improved the sensory changes of potential consumers.
The employment effects of working time reductions: Sector‐level evidence from European reforms
Authors: Batut Cyprien , Garnero Andrea , Tondini Alessandro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we exploit a panel of industry‐level data in European countries to study the economic impact of national reductions in usual weekly working hours between 1995 and 2007. Our identification strategy relies on the five national reforms that took place over this period and on initial differences across sectors in the share of workers exposed to the reforms. On average, the number of hours worked in more affected sectors fell, hourly wages rose, while employment did not increase. The effect on value added per hour worked appears to be positive but non‐significant.
Regulation Fair Disclosure and the timeliness of long‐horizon management forecasts
Authors: Hurwitz Helen , Sun Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe examine the effect of Regulation Fair Disclosure (hereafter Reg FD) on the timeliness of long‐horizon management forecasts of annual earnings, especially those conveying bad news. We expect that managers are less timely in issuing bad news forecasts than good news forecasts prior to Reg FD when they can disclose bad news to selected analysts and institutional investors privately. As Reg FD prohibits private disclosures of material information, managers are expected to accelerate the issuance of long‐horizon bad news forecasts after Reg FD due to concerns of litigation risk from institutional investors and loss of analyst coverage, leading to a decrease in timeliness asymmetry between bad news and good news forecasts. We also expect that the effect of Reg FD is stronger among firms with lower ex‐ante litigation risk or higher information asymmetry as they are more likely to withhold bad news prior to Reg FD. In addition, we expect that investors and analysts react more to bad news forecasts than to good news forecasts prior to Reg FD, and this asymmetry decreases after Reg FD. Our results are consistent with our predictions and suggest that managers provide long‐horizon forecasts conveying bad news more timely after Reg FD.
Catheter‐based renal denervation in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease and uncontrolled hypertension
Authors: Liu Senyan , Bian Rongrong , Qian Yixin , Liao Huaqiang , Gao Xiang , Zhang Yuqiang , Dong Weihua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSympathetic activation contributes to the progression of hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Ablation of renal sympathetic nerves lowers blood pressure (BP) and preserves renal function in patients with CKD and uncontrolled hypertension by reducing sympathetic nerve activity. But whether this approach is safe and effective in Chinese patients with CKD is unknown. We performed an observational study of eight patients with CKD stages from 1 to 5, office BP ≥150/90 mmHg, while on at least three antihypertensive drug classes including a diuretic, and diagnosis confirmed by 24 h ambulatory systolic BP measurement ≥135 mmHg. All patients underwent catheter‐based renal denervation (RDN) using a newly designed RDN System (Golden Leaf Medtech, Shanghai, China). For up to 6 months after RDN, BP was monitored and renal function was assessed. Mean baseline office BP was 165.0 ± 13.9/97.8 ± 5.5 mmHg, despite treatment with three antihypertensive drugs. Six months after RDN, office BP was reduced by 22.1 ± 12.0 (P = .002)/11.0 ± 8.8 mmHg (P = .012) and average 24 h ambulatory BP by 18 ± 13.7 (P = .01)/9.3 ± 7.7 mmHg (P = .016). After RDN, heart rate and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had no significant change compared with before RDN. In Chinese patients with CKD, our observational pilot study found that treating hypertension with RDN lowers BP while not affecting renal function.Brief Abstract: We performed RDN in eight Chinese patients with hypertension and CKD. The results showed that RDN lowered blood pressure of these patients significantly and eGFR was stable. No obvious adverse event was observed.
Pro‐haemostatic effect of DDAVP is partially derived through non‐classical (CD14dim/CD16++) monocytes residing the spleen
Authors: Salarilak Laleh , Pirdel Zahra , Dinmohammadi Hossein , Rokni‐Zadeh Hassan , Lavend'homme Renaud , Karimi Mehran , Jacquemin Marc , Shahani Tina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe splenic endothelial Weibel‐palade bodies are one of the most important candidate organelles to release von Willebrand factor upon stimulation with desmopressin. However, the presence of functional desmopressin‐specific receptor has not yet been demonstrated on endothelial cells. Experimental evidences are in favour of an indirect pro‐haemostatic effect of desmopressin, but the exact mediator and its cellular origin are largely elusive. Here, we report partially hampered desmopressin response in a splenectomised severe haemophilia A/Beta Thalassemia patient without any genetic variant relevant to his incomplete desmopressin response. To further investigate the role of the spleen in this phenomenon, the release of VWF from desmopressin‐treated human splenic endothelial cells was assessed in vitro. As a result, desmopressin induced the release of VWF from endothelial cells when the cells were co‐cultured with non‐classical (CD14dim/CD16++), but not other subtypes of monocytes or PBMCs. This in vitro study which resembles close proximity of endothelial cells of sinusoids to monocyte reservoir reside in parenchyma of subcapsular red pulp of the spleen sheds a light upon the role of this highly vascularized VWF‐producing organ in driving indirect effect of desmopressin.
Adverse reactions after oral provocation with aluminium in children with vaccination granulomas and aluminium contact allergy
Authors: Hoffmann Stine Skovbo , Elberling Jesper , Skamstrup Hansen Kirsten , Thyssen Jacob P. , Mortz Charlotte G. , Overgaard Bach Rasmus , Johansen Jeanne Duus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccording to their parents, some children with aluminium contact allergy and vaccination granulomas may react to aluminium‐containing foods by developing dermatitis, granuloma itch and subjective symptoms.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to determine whether oral intake of aluminium‐containing pancakes can cause adverse events and/or systemic contact dermatitis (SCD) in children with vaccination granulomas and aluminium contact allergy.Patients/MethodsA total of 15 children aged 3–9 years (mean age, 5 years) with vaccination granulomas and positive patch‐test results to aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2%/10% pet. completed a 3‐week blinded randomized controlled crossover oral aluminium/placebo provocation study with pancakes. Granuloma itch and other subjective symptoms were evaluated daily on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Dermatitis was evaluated by the primary investigator, and sleep patterns were tracked with an electronic device. Aluminium bioavailability was assessed by measuring aluminium excretion in the urine. The children served as their own controls with the placebo provocations.ResultsAll 15 children completed the study. The mean VAS scores were slightly higher during aluminium provocations compared with placebo for granuloma itch (mean VAS, 1.5 vs. 1.4, p = 0.6) but identical for other subjective symptoms (0.6 vs. 0.6, p = 1). There were no differences in sleep patterns and no significant correlation between urinary aluminium excretion and symptom severity. Three children developed a symmetrical rash on the face or buttocks on day 4 of the aluminium provocations, but not during placebo provocations.ConclusionsNo difference was found between oral aluminium intake and the occurrence of subjective symptoms and granuloma itch, but on a case‐basis oral aluminium may be associated with the development of systemic contact dermatitis.
A guide for maximizing the accuracy of intraoral digital scans. Part 1: Operator factors
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Kois Dean E. , Kois John C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the factors related to the operator skills and decisions that influence the scanning accuracy of intraoral scanners (IOSs). A new classification for these factors is proposed to facilitate dental professionals' decision making when using IOSs and maximize the accuracy and reliability of intraoral digital scans.OverviewEach IOS system is limited by the hardware and software characteristics of the selected device. The operator decisions that can influence the accuracy of IOSs include the scanning technology and system selection, scanning head size, calibration, scanning distance, exposure of the IOS to ambient temperature changes, ambient humidity, ambient lighting conditions, operator experience, scanning pattern, extension of the scan, cutting off, rescanning, and overlapping procedures.ConclusionsThe knowledge and understanding of the operator factors that impact scanning accuracy of IOSs is a fundamental element for maximizing the accuracy of IOSs and for successfully integrating IOSs in daily practices.Clinical SignificanceOperator skills and clinical decisions significantly impact intraoral scanning accuracy. Dental professionals must know and understand these influencing operator factors for maximizing the accuracy of IOSs.
Design of customized soft tissue substitutes for anterior single‐tooth and posterior double‐tooth defects: An in vitro study
Authors: Sun Yue , Strasding Malin , Liu Xinran , Schäfer Birgit , Liu Feng , Sailer Irena , Nesic Dobrila 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to validate the standardized procedure for designing soft tissue substitutes (STS) adapted to optimally fit single‐tooth defects in the anterior jaws and double‐tooth defects in the posterior jaw and to compare mathematically modeled average shapes.Materials and MethodsCasts from 35 patients with 17 single‐tooth defects in anterior region and 21 double‐tooth defects in posterior region were scanned. STS were designed and sectioned in 3D slices meshes. Thickness values were documented respecting mesial‐distal and buccal‐lingual orientations. Graphs were embedded into images, and hierarchical clustering was applied to group STS according to shape and thickness.ResultsSTS clustered into two groups per defect type. For anterior single defects, STS (n = 4) were either a small and thin oval: 7 mm buccal‐lingual, 4–5 mm mesial‐distal direction and 1.1–1.5 mm thick or a larger oval (n = 13): 9 mm buccal‐lingual, 5–7 mm mesial‐distal and 1.6 m thick. For posterior double tooth defects, STS (n = 10) were either narrow, long and thick: 6–7 mm buccal‐lingual, 16–20 mm mesial‐distal and 2.2 thick or a wide, thinner rectangle (n = 11): 9–11 mm buccal‐lingual, 12–14 mm mesial‐distal and 1.1–1.5 mm thick.ConclusionsThe study validated the standardized digital method to design grafts for soft tissue volume augmentation and identified four average shapes for anterior single‐tooth and posterior double‐tooth soft tissue defects.Clinical SignificanceWe developed and validated a standardized digital method to design an optimal geometrical shape of a soft tissue substitute for oral volume augmentation and combined it with mathematical modeling to identify average shapes for single‐interior, and double‐posterior tooth defects. The identified average shapes offer the possibility to produce better‐fitted xenografts or synthetic STS blocks requiring minimal chair‐side adaptation leading to reduced clinical time and patient discomfort and potentially improving soft tissue volume augmentation outcomes.
Clinical advances in maxillary skeletal expansion and introduction of a new MARPE concept
Authors: Akyalcin Sercan , Alev Yuksel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransverse maxillary deficiency, typically characterized by the clinical manifestations of unilateral or bilateral crossbite, is a common orthodontic discrepancy. The primary goal of maxillary expansion should be to obtain a nearly maximum width increase in the basal bone of the constricted maxilla and to avoid the dental expansion of the anchor teeth. The introduction of miniscrew anchorage‐supported rapid maxillary expansion (MARPE) devices has helped increase the feasibility of obtaining nonsurgical transverse correction in late adolescents and young adults with optimum orthopedic effects. However, the success rate of MARPE shows a negative correlation with age. Although MARPE offers an effective method for correcting a transverse skeletal deficiency, given the appliance cost and increased risk for complications, it could present challenges for adult patients and practitioners in daily practice.AimsIn this article, current advances in maxillary skeletal expansion are summarized, and a new MARPE concept is introduced.ConclusionThe new MARPE design offers several advantages to other existing methods: (1) it can be installed directly to the patient in the clinical setting with no additional laboratory waiting times. (2) It is purely a bone‐borne appliance. (3) The appliance is designed to be placed in the thickest part of the anterior palate to maximize the cortical and trabecular bone support. (4) Allows for bicortical placement of the miniscrews with no perforations in the nasal floor. Finally, (5) offers an esthetic and minimalistic approach to maxillary skeletal expansion in late adolescent and adult patients.
18S rDNA sequence–structure phylogeny of the Euglenophyceae (Euglenozoa, Euglenida)
Authors: Rackevei Antonia S. , Karnkowska Anna , Wolf Matthias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe phylogeny of Euglenophyceae (Euglenozoa, Euglenida) has been discussed for decades with new genera being described in the last few years. In this study, we reconstruct a phylogeny using 18S rDNA sequence and structural data simultaneously. Using homology modeling, individual secondary structures were predicted. Sequence–structure data are encoded and automatically aligned. Here, we present a sequence–structure neighbor‐joining tree of more than 300 taxa classified as Euglenophyceae. Profile neighbor‐joining was used to resolve the basal branching pattern. Neighbor‐joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood analyses were performed using sequence–structure information for manually chosen subsets. All analyses supported the monophyly of Eutreptiella, Discoplastis, Lepocinclis, Strombomonas, Cryptoglena, Monomorphina, Euglenaria, and Colacium. Well‐supported topologies were generally consistent with previous studies using a combined dataset of genetic markers. Our study supports the simultaneous use of sequence and structural data to reconstruct more accurate and robust trees. The average bootstrap value is significantly higher than the average bootstrap value obtained from sequence‐only analyses, which is promising for resolving relationships between more closely related taxa.
Active DNA demethylation in plants: 20 years of discovery and beyond
Authors: Zhang Heng , Gong Zhizhong , Zhu Jian‐Kang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMaintaining proper DNA methylation levels in the genome requires active demethylation of DNA. However, removing the methyl group from a modified cytosine is chemically difficult and therefore, the underlying mechanism of demethylation had remained unclear for many years. The discovery of the first eukaryotic DNA demethylase, Arabidopsis thaliana REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1), led to elucidation of the 5‐methylcytosine base excision repair mechanism of active DNA demethylation. In the 20 years since ROS1 was discovered, our understanding of this active DNA demethylation pathway, as well as its regulation and biological functions in plants, has greatly expanded. These exciting developments have laid the groundwork for further dissecting the regulatory mechanisms of active DNA demethylation, with potential applications in epigenome editing to facilitate crop breeding and gene therapy.
Trends in the prevalence of intellectual disability among children in Taiwan
Authors: Lin I.‐H. , Tseng Y.‐C. , Lai D.‐C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) is a major developmental disability. However, data on changes in the prevalence over time at the national level are limited.MethodUsing data from the national disability registry, we conducted an ecological study to evaluate the time trends of ID among children in Taiwan. We calculated the prevalence of ID by age, sex and severity, from 2000 to 2011, and assessed the time trends.ResultsDuring the study period, the overall prevalence of ID in children aged 3–17 years increased from 3.60 to 5.91 per 1000 (β = 0.22, P < 0.001, r2 = 0.97). The prevalence of mild ID (MID, intelligence quotient: 50–69) increased from 1.30 to 3.60 per 1000 (β = 0.21, P < 0.001, r2 = 0.98). However, the prevalence of severe ID (SID, intelligence quotient: <50) was relatively constant, between 2.22 and 2.38 per 1000 (β = 0.01, P = 0.076, r2 = 0.96). Boys had a higher prevalence than girls, and the average boy‐to‐girl prevalence ratio was 1.42 for MID and 1.31 for SID. The boy‐to‐girl prevalence ratios of MID and SID decreased over time (β = −0.01, P < 0.001, r2 = 0.99 for MID; β = −0.01, P < 0.001, r2 = 1.00 for SID).ConclusionThe prevalence of ID in Taiwanese children increased from 2000 to 2011 and was largely attributable to increases in MID. Boys had a higher prevalence of ID and were more likely to have MID.
Toward a consensus nomenclature for ghrelin, its non‐acylated form, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 and growth hormone secretagogue receptor
Authors: Perelló Mario , Dickson Suzanne L. , Zigman Jeffrey M. , Leggio Lorenzo ,   The Ghrelin Nomenclature Consensus Group
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe stomach‐derived octanoylated peptide ghrelin was discovered in 1999 and recognized as an endogenous agonist of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Subsequently, ghrelin has been shown to play key roles in controlling not only growth hormone secretion, but also a variety of other physiological functions including, but not limited to, food intake, reward‐related behaviors, glucose homeostasis and gastrointestinal tract motility. Importantly, a non‐acylated form of ghrelin, desacyl‐ghrelin, can also be detected in biological samples. Desacyl‐ghrelin, however, does not bind to GHSR at physiological levels, and its physiological role has remained less well‐characterized than that of ghrelin. Ghrelin and desacyl‐ghrelin are currently referred to in the literature using many different terms, highlighting the need for a consistent nomenclature. The variability of terms used to designate ghrelin can lead not only to confusion, but also to miscommunication, especially for those who are less familiar with the ghrelin literature. Thus, we conducted a survey among experts who have contributed to the ghrelin literature aiming to identify whether a consensus may be reached. Based on the results of this consensus, we propose using the terms “ghrelin” and “desacyl‐ghrelin” to refer to the hormone itself and its non‐acylated form, respectively. Based on the results of this consensus, we further propose using the terms “GHSR” for the receptor, and “LEAP2” for liver‐expressed antimicrobial peptide 2, a recently recognized endogenous GHSR antagonist/inverse agonist.