bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing ether lipids improves Drosophila overnutrition-associated pathophysiology phenotypes via a switch from lipid storage to beta-oxidation
Authors: Santoro Christie , O’Toole Ashley , Finsel Pilar , Alvi Arsalan , Musselman Laura Palanker 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh-calorie diets increase the risk of developing obesity, cardiovascular disease, type-two diabetes (T2D), and other comorbidities. These “overnutrition” diets also promote the accumulation of a variety of harmful lipids in the heart and other peripheral organs, known as lipotoxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying lipotoxicity and its influence on pathophysiology remain unknown. Our study uses genetics to identify the role of ether lipids, a class of potential lipotoxins, in a Drosophila model of overnutrition. A high-sugar diet (HSD) increases ether lipids and produces T2D-like pathophysiology phenotypes, including obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiac failure. Therefore, we targeted ether lipid biosynthesis through the enzyme dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (encoded by the gene DHAPAT). We found that reducing DHAPAT in the fat body improved TAG and glucose homeostasis, cardiac function, respiration, and insulin signaling in flies fed a HSD. The reduction of DHAPAT may cause a switch in molecular signaling from lipogenesis to fatty acid oxidation via activation of a PPARα-like receptor, as bezafibrate produced similar improvements in HS-fed flies. Taken together, our findings suggest that ether lipids may be lipotoxins that reduce fitness during overnutrition.
The prevalence and natural history of hepatic cysts examined by ultrasound: a health checkup population retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tsuruya Kota , Nishizaki Yasuhiro , Tatemichi Masayuki , Mishima Yusuke , Shimma Yoshimasa , Arase Yoshitaka , Hirose Shunji , Shiraishi Koichi , Kagawa Tatehiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of hepatic cysts in the general population and their natural history are largely unknown. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and natural history of hepatic cysts by investigating health checkup participants. Ultrasonographic data of health checkup participants (n = 38,842) were retrospectively evaluated to calculate its prevalence. In addition, we assessed the changes in the size and characteristics of hepatic cysts over 10 years (n = 7709). We found the prevalence of hepatic cysts was 21.9%. Older age, female sex, and presence of kidney cysts or pancreatic cysts were associated with the occurrence of hepatic cysts. Younger age, female sex, and the existence of multiple hepatic cysts were associated with cyst enlargement. Among 126 individuals who had hepatic cysts with a diameter of 30 mm or larger at the first visit, two (1.6%) required treatment. Remain 124 cases showed four patterns: 44 cases with enlargement, 47 stable, 11 regression after enlargement, and 22 regression. Hyperechoic fluid inside the cysts was observed in 54.5% (18 of 33), which was significantly higher than 6.6% (6 of 91) of the non-regression (OR = 17.0). The appearance of intracystic hyperechoic fluid by ultrasound may predict subsequent regression of the hepatic cyst.
Acoustic characteristics of sound produced by males of Bactrocera oleae change in the presence of conspecifics
Authors: Terzidou Anastasia , Kouloussis Nikos , Papanikolaou George , Koveos Dimitrios 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMales of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae vibrate and stridulate their wings at dusk producing sounds different from flight sounds with no confirmed behavior role. We recorded and performed a temporal-spectral analysis of this sound. Sound produced by male wing vibration/stridulation consists of intermittent pulses of highly variable duration and of fundamental frequency of around 350 Hz. Flight sound has a much lower fundamental frequency of approximately 180 Hz. Males begin to display wing vibration and sound production at the beginning of their sexual maturity at the 5th day of their age. This behavior is more pronounced in the presence of another conspecific male and observed less in male–female pairs or in solitary males. Broadcasts of the recorded sound did not attract flies of either sex. The highest fundamental frequency was found in association with wing vibrations emitted by male–male pairs, followed by those emitted by male–female pairs and then solitary males, which showed the lowest frequency values. The mean pulse duration and interpulse interval were shorter in male–male pairs than in male–female pairs. We assume that the male wing vibration and the produced signal, apart from its possible role in the courtship of the females, could also be associated with male–male interactions for territorial and rival activities, for which further experiments are required.
A multitask deep learning approach for pulmonary embolism detection and identification
Authors: Ma Xiaotian , Ferguson Emma C. , Jiang Xiaoqian , Savitz Sean I. , Shams Shayan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) is a blood clot traveling to the lungs and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Therefore, rapid diagnoses and treatments are essential. Chest computed tomographic pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is the gold standard for PE diagnoses. Deep learning can enhance the radiologists’workflow by identifying PE using CTPA, which helps to prioritize important cases and hasten the diagnoses for at-risk patients. In this study, we propose a two-phase multitask learning method that can recognize the presence of PE and its properties such as the position, whether acute or chronic, and the corresponding right-to-left ventricle diameter (RV/LV) ratio, thereby reducing false-negative diagnoses. Trained on the RSNA-STR Pulmonary Embolism CT Dataset, our model demonstrates promising PE detection performances on the hold-out test set with the window-level AUROC achieving 0.93 and the sensitivity being 0.86 with a specificity of 0.85, which is competitive with the radiologists’sensitivities ranging from 0.67 to 0.87 with specificities of 0.89–0.99. In addition, our model provides interpretability through attention weight heatmaps and gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). Our proposed deep learning model could predict PE existence and other properties of existing cases, which could be applied to practical assistance for PE diagnosis.
Assessment of chemo-mechanical impacts of CO2 sequestration on the caprock formation in Farnsworth oil field, Texas
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Benjamin , Ampomah William , Tu Jiawei , Sun Qian , Erzuah Samuel , Acheampong Samuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the chemo-mechanical influence of injected CO2 on the Morrow B sandstone reservoir and the upper Morrow shale caprock utilizing data from the inverted 5-spot pattern centered on Well 13-10A within the Farnsworth unit (FWU). This study also seeks to evaluate the integrity of the caprock and the long-term CO2 storage capability of the FWU. The inverted 5-spot pattern was extracted from the field-scale model and tuned with the available field observed data before the modeling work. Two coupled numerical simulation models were utilized to continue the study. First, a coupled hydro-geochemical model was constructed to simulate the dissolution and precipitation of formation minerals by modeling three intra-aqueous and six mineral reactions. In addition, a coupled hydro-geomechanical model was constructed and employed to study the effects of stress changes on the caprock’s porosity, permeability, and ground displacement. The Mohr–Coulomb circle and failure envelope were used to determine caprock failure. In this work, the CO2-WAG injection is followed by the historical field-observed strategy. During the forecasting period, a Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection ratio of 1:3 was utilized with a baseline bottom-hole pressure constraint of 5500 psi for 20 years. A post-injection period of 1000 years was simulated to monitor the CO2 plume and its effects on the CO2 storage reservoir and caprock integrity. The simulation results indicated that the impacts of the geochemical reactions on the porosity of the caprock were insignificant as it experienced a decrease of about 0.0003% at the end of the 1000-year post-injection monitoring. On the other hand, the maximum stress-induced porosity change was about a 1.4% increase, resulting in about 4% in permeability change. It was estimated that about 3.3% of the sequestered CO2 in the formation interacted with the caprock. Despite these petrophysical property alterations and CO2 interactions in the caprock, the caprock still maintained its elastic properties and was determined to be far from its failure.
Progressive crushing 40Ar/39Ar dating of a gold-bearing quartz vein from the Liaotun Carlin-type gold deposit, Guangxi, southern China
Authors: Hu Rongguo , Pang Baocheng , Bai Xiujuan , Brouwer Fraukje M. , Bai Lingan , Liu Xijun , Li Yuanqiang , Xu Jianqi , Qiu Huaning 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarlin-type gold deposits are among the largest hydrothermal gold deposits in the world. However, direct dating the metallogenic age of these deposits is difficult, because not all deposits provide material suitable for conventional radiometric methods. Syn-mineralization stage quartz veins from these deposits usually contain abundant fluid inclusions, which allow fluid inclusion 40Ar/39Ar dating. In this study, progressive crushing 40Ar/39Ar dating has been performed on a gold-bearing quartz vein from the Liaotun Carlin-type gold deposit in northwestern Guangxi, China. Argon isotopes liberated from the later steps yielded an isochron age of 200.7 ± 2.1 Ma. We infer that Ar-bearing gas was extracted from the primary fluid inclusions, and that the age of ca. 200.7 Ma reflects the timing of gold mineralization. The initial 40Ar/36Ar ratio corresponding to the isochron is 298.0 ± 4.3, which is statistically indistinguishable from the value for air, indicating that the ore-forming fluids probably mainly derived from gravitational pressure flow in the basin of air-saturated water. Our preliminary study shows the feasibility and great potential of 40Ar/39Ar dating of gases from fluid inclusions by progressive crushing of quartz veins to date the mineralization age and decipher the fluid origins of Carlin-type gold deposits.
Locating critical events in AFM force measurements by means of one-dimensional convolutional neural networks
Authors: Sotres Javier , Boyd Hannah , Gonzalez-Martinez Juan F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAtomic Force Microscopy (AFM) force measurements are a powerful tool for the nano-scale characterization of surface properties. However, the analysis of force measurements requires several processing steps. One is locating different type of events e.g., contact point, adhesions and indentations. At present, there is a lack of algorithms that can automate this process in a reliable way for different types of samples. Moreover, because of their stochastic nature, the acquisition and analysis of a high number of force measurements is typically required. This can result in these experiments becoming an overwhelming task if their analysis is not automated. Here, we propose a Machine Learning approach, the use of one-dimensional convolutional neural networks, to locate specific events within AFM force measurements. Specifically, we focus on locating the contact point, a critical step for the accurate quantification of mechanical properties as well as long-range interactions. We validate this approach on force measurements obtained both on hard and soft surfaces. This approach, which could be easily used to also locate other events e.g., indentations and adhesions, has the potential to significantly facilitate and automate the analysis of AFM force measurements and, therefore, the use of this technique by a wider community.
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of vascular endothelial cells in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Gurung Suman , Restrepo Nicole K. , Chestnut Brendan , Klimkaite Laurita , Sumanas Saulius 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVascular endothelial cells exhibit substantial phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity which is established during early embryogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing endothelial cell diversity are still not well understood. Zebrafish has emerged as an advantageous model to study vascular development. Despite its importance, the single-cell transcriptomic profile of vascular endothelial cells during zebrafish development is still missing. To address this, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of vascular endothelial cells isolated from zebrafish embryos at the 24 hpf stage. Six distinct clusters or subclusters related to vascular endothelial cells were identified which include arterial, two venous, cranial, endocardial and endothelial progenitor cell subtypes. Furthermore, we validated our findings by characterizing novel markers for arterial, venous, and endocardial cells. We experimentally confirmed the presence of two transcriptionally different venous cell subtypes, demonstrating heterogeneity among venous endothelial cells at this early developmental stage. This dataset will be a valuable resource for future functional characterization of vascular endothelial cells and interrogation of molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of their heterogeneity and cell-fate decisions.
Effects of different exercise intensities on prefrontal activity during a dual task
Authors: Kimura Daisuke , Hosokawa Takayuki , Ujikawa Takuya , Ito Tomotaka 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe effects of physical exercise on cognitive tasks have been investigated. However, it is unclear how different exercise intensities affect the neural activity. In this study, we investigated the neural activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) by varying the exercise intensity while participants performed a dual task (DT). Twenty healthy young adults performed serial subtraction while driving a cycle ergometer. Exercise intensity was set to one of three levels: low, moderate, or high intensity. We did not find any significant change in PFC activity during DT under either the control (no exercise) or low-intensity conditions. In contrast, we observed a significant increase in PFC activity during DT under moderate- and high-intensity conditions. In addition, we observed complex hemodynamics after DT. PFC activity decreased from baseline after DT under the control condition, while it increased under the low-intensity condition. PFC activity remained higher than the baseline level after DT under the moderate-intensity condition but returned to baseline under the high-intensity condition. The results suggest that moderate-intensity exercise with a cognitive load effectively increases PFC activity, and low-intensity exercise may increase PFC activity when combined with a cognitive load.
Brain potential responses involved in decision-making in weightlessness
Authors: Cebolla A. M. , Petieau M. , Palmero-Soler E. , Cheron G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe brain is essential to human adaptation to any environment including space. We examined astronauts’ brain function through their electrical EEG brain potential responses related to their decision of executing a docking task in the same virtual scenario in Weightlessness and on Earth before and after the space stay of 6 months duration. Astronauts exhibited a P300 component in which amplitude decreased during, and recovered after, their microgravity stay. This effect is discussed as a post-value-based decision-making closing mechanism; The P300 amplitude decrease in weightlessness is suggested as an emotional stimuli valence reweighting during which orbitofrontal BA10 would play a major role. Additionally, when differentiating the bad and the good docks on Earth and in Weightlessness and keeping in mind that astronauts were instantaneously informed through a visual cue of their good or bad performance, it was observed that the good dockings resulted in earlier voltage redistribution over the scalp (in the 150–250 ms period after the docking) than the bad dockings (in the 250–400 ms) in Weightlessness. These results suggest that in Weightlessness the knowledge of positive or negative valence events is processed differently than on Earth.
Quality of life, respiratory symptoms, and health care utilization 1 year following outpatient management of COVID-19: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lim Rachel K. , Rosentreter Ryan , Chen Yushi , Mehta Rahul , McLeod Graham , Wan Miranda , Krett Jonathan D. , Mahjoub Yasamin , Lee Angela , Schwartz Ilan , Metz Luanne , Richer Lawrence , Smith Eric , Hill Michael D. ,   ALBERTA HOPE COVID-19 Collaborators, Lim Rachel K. , Metz Luanne , Hill Michael D. , Ganesh Aravind , Richer Lawrence , Schwartz Ilan , Ganesh Aravind 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe long-term impact of COVID-19 among those with mild infections is not well characterized. Among 81 adults who completed online assessments at 3- and 12-months following infection, quality of life scores did not significantly improve over time. Among 62 subjects who also completed telephone interviews, respiratory symptoms or exercise limitation were reported by 42% at a median follow-up of 387 days (IQR 251–402 days). Those with persistent respiratory symptoms scored lower on the EQ-5D visual analog score compared to those without. Persistent respiratory symptoms were associated with a lower likelihood of full-time employment at 1 year (aOR 0.09, 95%CI 0.01–0.91; P = 0.041). In an adjusted linear regression, persistent respiratory symptoms (P = 0.037) and female sex (P = 0.016) were both independent risks for increased visits to a primary care provider. This cohort study demonstrates that respiratory symptoms are frequent at 1 year following COVID-19 and more importantly, are associated with negative impacts on employment, quality of life, and health care utilization. Further research is needed to determine the pathophysiology and risk factors for persistent symptoms as well as optimal management strategies to improve the level of functioning and quality of life.
Duty factor and foot-strike pattern do not represent similar running pattern at the individual level
Authors: Patoz Aurélien , Lussiana Thibault , Breine Bastiaan , Gindre Cyrille , Malatesta Davide 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRunners were classified using their duty factor (DF) and using their foot-strike pattern (FSP; rearfoot, midfoot, or forefoot strikers), determined from their foot-strike angle (FSA). High and low DF runners showed different FSPs but DF was assumed to not only reflect what happens at initial contact with the ground (more global than FSP/FSA). Hence, FSP and DF groups should not necessarily be constituted by the same runners. However, the relation between FSP and DF groups has never been investigated, leading to the aim of this study. One hundred runners ran at 9, 11, and 13 km/h. Force data (1000 Hz) and whole-body kinematics (200 Hz) were acquired by an instrumented treadmill and optoelectronic system and were used to classify runners according to their FSA and DF. Weak correlations were obtained between FSA and DF values and a sensitivity of 50% was reported between FSP and DF groups, i.e., only one in two runners was attributed to the DF group supposedly corresponding to the FSP group. Therefore, ‘local’ FSP/FSA and DF do not represent similar running pattern information when investigated at the individual level and DF should be preferred to FSP/FSA when evaluating the global running pattern of a runner.
The bacterial and fungal communities of the larval midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) varied by feeding on two cruciferous vegetables
Authors: Yuning Li , Luyang Liu , Xueming Cai , Xianmei Yang , Jintian Lin , Benshui Shu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpodoptera frugiperda is a highly polyphagous pest worldwide with a wide host range that causes serious losses to many economically important crops. Recently, insect-microbe associations have become a hot spot in current entomology research, and the midgut microbiome of S. frugiperda has been investigated, while the effects of cruciferous vegetables remain unknown. In this study, the growth of S. frugiperda larvae fed on an artificial diet, Brassica campestris and Brassica oleracea for 7 days was analyzed. Besides, the microbial community and functional prediction analyses of the larval midguts of S. frugiperda fed with different diets were performed by high-throughput sequencing. Our results showed that B. oleracea inhibited the growth of S. frugiperda larvae. The larval midgut microbial community composition and structure were significantly affected by different diets. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) suggested 20 bacterial genera and 2 fungal genera contributed to different gut microbial community structures. The functional classification of the midgut microbiome analyzed by PICRUSt and FUNGuild showed that the most COG function categories of midgut bacterial function were changed by B. oleracea, while the guilds of fungal function were altered by B. campestris significantly. These results showed that the diversity and structure of the S. frugiperda midgut microbial community were affected by cruciferous vegetable feeding. Our study provided a preliminary understanding of the role of midgut microbes in S. frugiperda larvae in response to cruciferous vegetables.
Novel transport properties of the α-T3 lattice with uniform electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Li Fu , Zhang Qingtian , Chan Kwok Sum 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report a theoretical study of electronic transport properties of α-T3 lattice nanoribbons in the presence of uniform electric and magnetic fields. Landau levels with an unexcepted fashion are obtained in the system, and unique flat bands are observed due to the crossed electric and magnetic fields. We found that the nondispersive flat band of α-T3 lattice is distorted and split to many dispersive energy levels when electric and magnetic fields are applied. A double constriction structure of α-T3 lattice is considered to investigate the quantum transport in the flat band, and novel quantum transport properties are obtained, which shows great differences from conventional Dirac electrons. Our results show that the flat bands of α-T3 lattice can also contribute to the quantum transport properties and play an important role in the development of novel Dirac electron device.
Timing and causes of forest fire at the K–Pg boundary
Authors: Santa Catharina A. , Kneller B. C. , Marques J. C. , McArthur A. D. , Cevallos-Ferriz S. R. S. , Theurer T. , Kane I. A. , Muirhead D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report K–Pg-age deposits in Baja California, Mexico, consisting of terrestrial and shallow-marine materials re-sedimented onto the continental slope, including corals, gastropods, bivalves, shocked quartz grains, an andesitic tuff with a SHRIMP U–Pb age (66.12 ± 0.65 Ma) indistinguishable from that of the K–Pg boundary, and charred tree trunks. The overlying mudstones show an iridium anomaly and fungal and fern spores spikes. We interpret these heterogeneous deposits as a direct result of the Chicxulub impact and a mega-tsunami in response to seismically-induced landsliding. The tsunami backwash carried the megaflora offshore in high-density flows, remobilizing shallow-marine fauna and sediment en route. Charring of the trees at temperatures up to > 1000 °C took place in the interval between impact and arrival of the tsunami, which on the basis of seismic velocities and historic analogues amounted to only tens of minutes at most. This constrains the timing and causes of fires and the minimum distance from the impact site over which fires may be ignited.