bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing vainsthein-screening gravity with galaxy clusters using internal kinematics and strong and weak lensing
Authors: Pizzuti Lorenzo , Saltas Ippocratis D , Umetsu Keiichi , Sartoris Barbara 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We use high-precision combined strong/weak lensing and kinematics measurements of the total mass profiles of the observed galaxy clusters MACS J1206.2-0847 and Abell S1063, to constrain the relativistic sector of the general DHOST dark energy theories, which exhibit a partial breaking of the so called Vainsthein screening mechanism, on the linear level of scalar fluctuations around a cosmological background. In particular, by using the MG-MAMMPOSSt framework developed in Pizzuti et al., for the kinematics analysis of member galaxies in clusters, along with lensing mass profile reconstructions, we provide new constraints on the coupling Y2 that governs the theory’s relativistic contribution to the lensing potential. The new bound from the combination of kinematics and lensing measurements of MACS 1206, $Y_2=-0.12^{+0.66}_{-0.67}$ at 2σ, provides about a two-fold improvement on previous constraints. In the case of Abell S1063, a &gt;2σ tension with the GR expectation arises. We discuss this in some detail, and we investigate the possible sources of systematics that can explain the tension. We further discuss why the combination of kinematics of member galaxies with lensing is capable of providing much tighter bounds compared to kinematics or lensing alone, and we explain how the number density profile of tracers, as well as the choice of the velocity anisotropy profile, affects the final results.
Predicted changes in temperature, more than acidification, affect the shell morphology and survival of the girdled dogwhelk,Trochia cingulata(Linnaeus, 1771)
Authors: Martin Nicole , Clusella-Trullas Susana , Robinson Tamara B 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite the existing body of research that considers altered ocean temperature and acidification as co-occurring stressors, our understanding of the consequences of such shifts remains limited. This is particularly problematic in relation to predators such as whelks, as they can exert strong top-down control of communities yet, as calcifying ectotherms, they are likely to be vulnerable to climate change. This study assessed the effects of simultaneous changes in water temperature and pH on the South African girdled dogwhelk Trochia cingulata. For 12 weeks, whelks were exposed to three temperatures, 9 °C (cooling), 13 °C (current) and 17 °C (warming), each at three target pH levels, 8.0 (current), 7.7 (intermediate) and 7.5 (extreme). For each treatment shell thickness, strength and shape were measured after 6 and 12 weeks, while mortality was recorded daily. Survival was not affected by pH and was highest at 9 °C. Almost all whelks exposed to warming died within 2 weeks. After 6 weeks, shell strength declined significantly as acidity increased, regardless of temperature, and shells of whelks held at 9 °C were thinner. By 12 weeks, whelks exposed to cooling and extreme pH had the weakest shells. Notably, temperature no longer influenced shell thickness, but whelks held at 9 °C became globular in shape. These changes in shell morphology likely resulted from the increased cost of shell maintenance in cool, acidic conditions. The differences observed at 6 and 12 weeks demonstrate how responses can change over time, a point that should be kept in mind when assessing species sensitivities to changing environments. The dominant effect of temperature highlights that T. cingulata is particularly vulnerable to warming, while regional cooling may pose a challenge with respect to shell morphology.
H3K56 deacetylation and H2A.Z deposition are required for aberrant heterochromatin spreading
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Tian Yuan , Song Shuang , Zhang Lu , Dang Yunkun , He Qun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Crucial mechanisms are required to restrict self-propagating heterochromatin spreading within defined boundaries and prevent euchromatic gene silencing. In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, the JmjC domain protein DNA METHYLATION MODULATOR-1 (DMM-1) prevents aberrant spreading of heterochromatin, but the molecular details remain unknown. Here, we revealed that DMM-1 is highly enriched in a well-defined 5-kb heterochromatin domain upstream of the cat-3 gene, hereby called 5H-cat-3 domain, to constrain aberrant heterochromatin spreading. Interestingly, aberrant spreading of the 5H-cat-3 domain observed in the dmm-1KO strain is accompanied by robust deposition of histone variant H2A.Z, and deletion of H2A.Z abolishes aberrant spreading of the 5H-cat-3 domain into adjacent euchromatin. Furthermore, lysine 56 of histone H3 is deacetylated at the expanded heterochromatin regions, and mimicking H3K56 acetylation with an H3K56Q mutation effectively blocks H2A.Z-mediated aberrant spreading of the 5H-cat-3 domain. Importantly, genome-wide analyses demonstrated the general roles of H3K56 deacetylation and H2A.Z deposition in aberrant spreading of heterochromatin. Together, our results illustrate a previously unappreciated regulatory process that mediates aberrant heterochromatin spreading.
Transcriptogram analysis reveals relationship between viral titer and gene sets responses during Corona-virus infection
Authors: de Almeida Rita M C , Thomas Gilberto L , Glazier James A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To understand the difference between benign and severe outcomes after Coronavirus infection, we urgently need ways to clarify and quantify the time course of tissue and immune responses. Here we re-analyze 72-hour time-series microarrays generated in 2013 by Sims and collaborators for SARS-CoV-1 in vitro infection of a human lung epithelial cell line. Transcriptograms, a Bioinformatics tool to analyze genome-wide gene expression data, allow us to define an appropriate context-dependent threshold for mechanistic relevance of gene differential expression. Without knowing in advance which genes are relevant, classical analyses detect every gene with statistically-significant differential expression, leaving us with too many genes and hypotheses to be useful. Using a Transcriptogram-based top-down approach, we identified three major, differentially-expressed gene sets comprising 219 mainly immune-response-related genes. We identified timescales for alterations in mitochondrial activity, signaling and transcription regulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems and their relationship to viral titer. The methods can be applied to RNA data sets for SARS-CoV-2 to investigate the origin of differential responses in different tissue types, or due to immune or preexisting conditions or to compare cell culture, organoid culture, animal models and human-derived samples.
The sucrose transport regulator OsDOF11 mediates cytokinin degradation during rice development
Authors: Wu Yunfei , Wang Leilei , Ansah Ebenezer Ottopah , Peng Wangmenghan , Zhang Weiyang , Li Peng , An Gynheung , Xiong Fei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Photosynthetic tissues are dynamic structures whose homeostasis depends on the coordination of two antagonistic processes: self-maintenance and supporting sink tissues. The balance of these processes determines plant development, which might be mediated by cytokinin. However, little is known about the link between sucrose transport signaling and cytokinin. Rice (Oryza sativa) DNA BINDING WITH ONE FINGER11 (OsDOF11) is a transcription factor that mediates sucrose transport by inducing the expression of sucrose transporter genes. Here, we found that OsDOF11 loss-of-function mutants showed a semi-dwarf phenotype with a smaller cell length due to increased cytokinin content in source tissues. RNA sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative PCR analyses revealed that genes involved in cytokinin signaling and metabolism were affected in osdof11 mutants. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed that OsDOF11 directly binds to the promoter regions of O. sativa CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE4 (OsCKX4). Moreover, mutation of osckx4 in the osdof11 osckx4 double mutant rescued the semi-dwarf phenotype of the osdof11 mutant. Interestingly, exogenous application of kinetin promoted OsDOF11 expression earlier than OsCKX4, and overexpression of O. sativa VIN3-LIKE 2 caused an increase in active cytokinin levels and induced OsDOF11 transcript levels. Taken together, our results suggest a model in which both a sucrose transport regulator (OsDOF11) and cytokinin via OsCKX4 establish a feedback loop to maintain dynamic tissue homeostasis.
Public policies versus market factors: What drives ethanol expansion in Brazil?
Authors: Sant'Anna Ana Claudia , Xia Tian , Bergtold Jason S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Concerns about energy security, rural development, and the environment have driven biofuel expansion. Different policy and market drivers, such as designated areas for biofuel feedstock production and blend mandates, have played an important role in biofuel expansion in different countries. Understanding how policy and market drivers influence biofuel supply and demand can provide guidelines for countries seeking to expand biofuel production into new regions. The case of Brazil serves as an important example. In just over 10 years, the Cerrado region of Brazil, specifically the states of Goias and Mato Grosso do Sul, experienced a six-fold expansion in ethanol production, becoming the second largest production region in Brazil. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of policies and market drivers on ethanol expansion in the Cerrado region using a market equilibrium modeling approach. Results elucidate the role that market and policy drivers, including areas designated for sugarcane production, blend mandates, and energy taxes, play in influencing ethanol expansion into an already intensive agricultural region of the country. The findings from this study have implications for sustainable biofuel production in other regions of the world.
Currency Carry Trade by Trucks: The Curious Case of China’s Massive Imports from Itself
Authors: Liu Xuepeng , Tang Heiwai , Wang Zhi , Wei Shang-Jin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith capital controls, the standard financial market transactions needed for currency carry trade are hard to implement. Using detailed trade data reported by both the mainland Chinese and Hong Kong’s governments, we present evidence that indirect currency carry trade likely takes place via round-trip reimports. We also show that greater state control in terms of more state-owned firms does not reduce such “carry trade by trucks.”
AN EVALUATION OF THE OCCUPATIONAL EXTERNAL RADIATION EXPOSURE OF PERSONNEL IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE PRACTICES (2010–2020)
Authors: Sahmaran T , Atılgan H I , Nur S , Sahutoğlu G , Yalcın H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the radiation doses received by personnel working in the Nuclear Medicine Department between 2010 and 2020. The data obtained were compared with the dosages recommended by international authorities. The UNSCEAR 2008 report stated that the worldwide annual average effective dose to which personnel were exposed when monitored between 2000 and 2002 was 0.70 and 1.40 mSv, respectively. In this report, 0.7 mSv refers to the dose of all monitored personnel, and 1.4 mSv refers to the dose above the detection limit. In this study, the annual average effective dose value for personnel exposed to radiation was calculated as 1.65 mSv. This value represents the dose above the detection limit. Although the individual dose results are below the recommended annual dose limit, it should not be forgotten that more effort should be made to reduce radiation doses using the as low as reasonable achievable principles.
Cytomegalovirus Infection Associated with Smaller Total Cortical Surface Area in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Andreou Dimitrios , Jørgensen Kjetil Nordbø , Nerland Stener , Yolken Robert H , Haukvik Unn K , Andreassen Ole A , Agartz Ingrid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesCytomegalovirus (CMV) congenital infection and in immunodeficiency can have deleterious effects on human cortex. In immunocompetent adults, the putative association between CMV infection and cortical measures has not been explored. We hypothesized that CMV exposure is associated with smaller cortical surface area or cortical thinning mainly in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Study DesignWe included 67 adult patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 262 adult healthy controls. We measured circulating CMV IgG antibody concentrations with solid-phase immunoassay techniques. We measured the total cortical surface area, regional cortical surface areas and the overall mean cortical thickness based on T1-weighted MRI scans processed in FreeSurfer v6.0.Study ResultsIn the whole sample analysis, we found a significant diagnostic group-by-CMV status interaction on the total surface area (P = .020). Among patients, CMV antibody positivity was significantly associated with smaller total surface area (P = .002, partial eta2 = 0.138) whereas no such association was found in healthy controls (P = .059). Post hoc analysis among patients showed that higher CMV antibody concentrations were also significantly associated with smaller total surface area (P = .038), and that CMV antibody positivity was significantly inversely associated with 14 left and 16 right regional surface areas mainly in the frontal and temporal lobes. CMV infection was not associated with the overall mean cortical thickness.ConclusionsThe results are indicative of a cortical surface area vulnerability to CMV infection in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders but not in healthy controls. CMV infection may contribute to the established cortical surface area aberrations in schizophrenia.
Pugachev five years on: were the trusts really bare trusts?
Authors: Adams Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In JSC Mezhdunarodniy Promyshlenniy Bank v Pugachev [2017] EWHC 2426 (Ch), Birss J, as he then was, held that certain trusts which conferred wide powers on the settlor were in substance nothing more than bare trusts. This meant that judgment creditors of the settlor could enforce against the trust assets. Despite initial excitement among trusts and civil fraud practitioners, Birss J’s “bare trust” analysis has not been widely adopted in subsequent cases. Five years on, the policy considerations underpinning the decision in Pugachev are as easy to understand as ever, but what of the legal reasoning? Was Birss J right to say that the trusts were bare trusts? Could a better way of making the trust assets available to the settlor’s creditors have been found?
Blood Pressure Lowering for the Secondary Prevention of Stroke
Authors: Funakoshi Shunsuke , Kawazoe Miki , Tada Kazuhiro , Abe Makiko , Arima Hisatomi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for stroke, and greater than 50% of all stroke events are estimated to be attributable to elevated blood pressure (BP). Randomized trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that reducing BP is the most effective and generalizable strategy for preventing recurrent stroke. Based on currently available evidence, BP should be reduced to below 140/90 mmHg in all patients during the chronic post-stroke phase and to below 130/80 mmHg when well-tolerated.
Fecal transplantation can alleviate tic severity in a Tourette syndrome mouse model by modulating intestinal flora and promoting serotonin secretion
Authors: Li Hua , Wang Yong , Zhao Changying , Liu Jian , Zhang Lei , Li Anyuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood that warrants effective therapies. Gut microbiota can affect central physiology and function via the microbiota–gut-brain axis. Therefore, the gut microbiota plays an important role in some mental illnesses. A small clinical trial showed that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may alleviate TS symptoms in children. Herein, FMT effects and mechanisms were explored in a TS mouse model.

Methods
: TS mice model (TSMO) (n = 80) were established with 3,3′-iminodipropionitrile, and 80 mice were used as controls. Mice were grouped into eight groups and were subjected to FMT with feces from children or mice with or without TS, or were given probiotics. Fecal specimens were collected 3 weeks after FMT. 16S rRNA sequencing, behavioral observation, and serum serotonin (5-HT) assay were performed. Differences between groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) tests.

Results
: A total of 18 discriminative microbial signatures (linear discriminant analysis score > 3) that varied significantly between TS and healthy mice (CONH) were identified. A significant increase in Turicibacteraceae and Ruminococcaceae in TSMO after FMT was observed (P
< 0.05). Compared with non-transplanted TSMO, the symptoms of those transplanted with feces from CONH were alleviated (W = 336, P = 0.046). In the probiotic and FMT experiments, the serum 5-HT levels significantly increased in TSMO that received probiotics (KS = 1.423, P = 0.035) and in those transplanted with feces from CONH (W = 336.5, P = 0.046) compared with TSMO without transplantation.

Conclusions
: This study suggests that FMT may ameliorate TS by promoting 5-HT secretion, and it provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of FMT as a treatment for TS.
Risk factors associated with the progression from keloids to severe keloids
Authors: Liu Ruolin , Xiao Haitao , Wang Ru , Li Wei , Deng Ke , Cen Ying , Xu Xuewen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Keloids are benign fibrous growths that are caused by excessive tissue build-up. Severe keloids exert more significant effects on patients’ quality of life than do mild keloids. We aimed to identify factors associated with the progression from mild keloids to severe keloids, as distinct from those associated with the formation of keloids.

Methods:
In this retrospective case-control study, 251 patients diagnosed with keloids at West China Hospital between November 2018 and April 2021 were grouped according to the severity of lesions (mild [n = 162] or severe [n = 89]). We collected their basic characteristics, living habits, incomes, comorbidities, and keloid characteristics from Electronic Medical Records in the hospital and the patients’ interviews. Conditional multivariable regression was performed to identify the independent risk factors for the progression of keloids.

Results:
Eighty-nine patients (35.5%) were classified as having severe keloids. We found the distribution of severe keloids varied with sex, age, excessive scrubbing of keloids, family income, the comorbidity of rheumatism, disease duration, characteristics of the location, location in sites of high-stretch tension, the severity and frequency of pain, the severity of pruritus, and infection. Multivariable analysis revealed significant associations between severe keloids and infection (odds ratio [OR], 3.55; P = 0.005), excessive scrubbing of keloids (OR, 8.65; P = 0.001), low or middle family income (OR, 13.44; P = 0.021), comorbidity of rheumatism (OR, 18.97; P = 0.021), multiple keloids located at multiple sites (OR, 3.18; P = 0.033), and disease duration > 15 years (OR, 2.98; P = 0.046).

Conclusion:
Doctors should implement more active and thorough measures to minimize the progression of mild keloids in patients who have any of the following risk factors: infection, excessive scrubbing of keloids, low or middle family income, comorbidity of rheumatism, multiple keloids located at multiple sites, and disease duration > 15 years.
Donor-derived Cell-free DNA Shows High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pancreas Graft Rejection in Simultaneous Pancreas-kidney Transplantation
Authors: Ventura-Aguiar Pedro , Ramirez-Bajo Maria Jose , Rovira Jordi , Bañón-Maneus Elisenda , Hierro Natalia , Lazo Marta , Cuatrecasas Miriam , Garcia-Criado M.A. , Liang Nathan , Swenerton Ryan K. , Cofan Federic , Cucchiari David , Esforzado Nuria , Montagud-Marrahi Enrique , Oppenheimer Federic , Piñeiro Gaston , Revuelta Ignacio , Torregrosa Vicens , Ahmed Ebad , Soboleva Karina , Kaur Navchetan , Zimmermann Bernhard G. , Al Haj Baddar Nour , Demko Zachary P. , Escrig Cesar , Tabriziani Hossein , Gauthier Philippe , Billings Paul R. , Amor Antonio J. , Ferrer Joana , Campistol Josep M. , Diekmann Fritz 
Published: March 2022

Background.
Pancreas graft status in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPKTx) is currently assessed by nonspecific biochemical markers, typically amylase or lipase. Identifying a noninvasive biomarker with good sensitivity in detecting early pancreas graft rejection could improve SPKTx management.

Methods.
Here, we developed a pilot study to explore donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) performance in predicting biopsy-proven acute rejection (P-BPAR) of the pancreas graft in a cohort of 36 SPKTx recipients with biopsy-matched plasma samples. dd-cfDNA was measured using the Prospera test (Natera, Inc.) and reported both as a fraction of the total cfDNA (fraction; %) and as concentration in the recipient’s plasma (quantity; copies/mL).

Results.
In the absence of P-BPAR, dd-cfDNA was significantly higher in samples collected within the first 45 d after SPKTx compared with those measured afterward (median, 1.00% versus 0.30%; median, 128.2 versus 35.3 cp/mL, respectively with both; P = 0.001). In samples obtained beyond day 45, P-BPAR samples presented a significantly higher dd-cfDNA fraction (0.83 versus 0.30%; P = 0.006) and quantity (81.3 versus 35.3 cp/mL; P = 0.001) than stable samples. Incorporating dd-cfDNA quantity along with dd-cfDNA fraction outperformed dd-cfDNA fraction alone to detect active rejection. Notably, when using a quantity cutoff of 70 cp/mL, dd-cfDNA detected P-BPAR with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 93.7%, which was more accurate than current biomarkers (area under curve of 0.89 for dd-cfDNA (cp/ml) compared with 0.74 of lipase and 0.46 for amylase).

Conclusions.
dd-cfDNA measurement through a simple noninvasive blood test could be incorporated into clinical practice to help inform graft management in SPKTx patients.