bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SINDICATOS E DIRIGENTES SINDICAIS NA BAHIA DOS ANOS 90: DIAGNÓSTICO E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Druck Graça , Filgueiras Luis , Neves Laumar 
Published: August 2022

O presente trabalho apresenta os principais resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em 1998/99 sobre o sindicalismo na Região Metropolitana de Salvador, Bahia, sob a responsabilidade do Núcleo da Unitrabalho/UFBA e que teve como objetivo analisar o quadro atual dos sindicatos e dos dirigentes sindicais no contexto de amplas transformações no mundo do trabalho, decorrentes do processo de globalização e de reestruturação produtiva em desenvolvimento no país. Foram pesquisados 40 sindicatos localizados na Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS). A sistematização das informações permitiu a construção de um Banco de Dados que reúne informações inéditas acerca do perfil dos sindicatos e do perfil dos dirigentes sindicais. Este trabalho apresenta uma primeira análise desses resultados, ainda de caráter preliminar, porém reveladora das principais características que marcam o conjunto das lideranças sindicais da Bahia, tanto no que se refere ao aspecto pessoal e funcional, quanto no que diz respeito, mais particularmente, ao exercício da atividade sindical num contexto extremamente adverso e de crise dos sindicatos, o que permite desvendar os principais problemas, atividades e perspectivas para o movimento sindical urbano em Salvador. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sindicato, dirigentes sindicais, representação política, Salvador, associativismo. UNIONS AND UNION LEADERS IN BAHIA IN THE 90S: DIAGNOSIS AND PERSPECTIVES This paper presents the main results of a research carried out from 1998 to 1999 on unionism in the metropolitan area of Salvador, Bahia, under the responsibility of the Núcleo da Unitrabalho/UFBA, with the objective of analyzing the present picture of the unions and union leaders in the context of the ample changes within the labor market, which are taking place in the country as a result of the process of globalization and productive restructuring. Forty unions located in the metropolitan area of Salvador (RMS) were surveyed. Systematization of the information allowed the development of a data base which gathers information on the profiles of the unions and their leaders. This paper presents a primary and preliminary analysis of those results, although no less revealing of the main trends of the union leadership in Bahia, both in their personal and functional features, with respect particularly to the union activity in an extremely adverse context, immersed in crisis, allowing the unveiling of the main problems, activities and perspectives of the urban union movement in Salvador. KEYWORDS: Union, unionism, union leaders, globalization, productive restructuring, work world. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O CAPITAL E A MÃO INVISÍVEL DO TRABALHO: notas debate sobre a centralidade do trabalho no capitalismo contemporâneo
Authors: Borges Ângela 
Published: August 2022

As mudanças no mundo do trabalho provocadas pelo esgotamento da fase de expansão do capitalismo que ficou conhecida como "anos dourados" deram origem a uma grande variedade de formulações que têm em comum o fato de anunciar algum tipo de "fim", tais como o "fim da sociedade do trabalho", o "fim da centralidade do trabalho", o "fim dos empregos", etc. Estas notas buscam retomar essa discussão, problematizando tanto a base empírica sobre a qual se assentam os discursos dos vários "fins" como o significado dessas transformações e propondo uma leitura dos processos em curso, diversa daquelas que concluem pela perda de relevância do trabalho, seja como fator de produção seja como elemento estruturador da sociedade e da identidade dos indivíduos. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Sociologia do Trabalho, capitalismo contemporâneo, trabalho, metodologia em ciências sociais. CAPITAL AND THE INVISIBLE HAND OF LABOR: DEBATE NOTES ON THE CENTRALITY OF LABOR IN THE CONTEMPORARY CAPITALISM The changes in the world of labor caused by the depletion of the expansion of capitalism, a phase known as “the golden years”, gave rise to a great variety of conclusions which have in common the announcement of some kind of “end”, such as, “the end of labor society”, “the end of centrality of labor”, “the end of jobs” etc. These notes are an attempt to bring back such discussions, arguing both on the empirical basis upon which the discourses on the several “ends” lie, and on the meaning of such transformations, thus proposing the reading of the processes through different lenses from those which defend the loss of the relevance of labor, be it as a factor of production, or as a structuring element of society and of individual identity. KEYWORDS: Sociology of Labor, contemporary Capitalism, labor, methodology in the social sciences. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
NO LIMIAR DE UM NOVO MILÊNIO: POSSIBILIDADES E CENÁRIOS
Authors: Garcia Castro Mary 
Published: August 2022

A autora coloca-se em meio ao drama de reconhecer os limites da Razão e do Sujeito, ao tempo em que afirma sua convicção de que é válido manter as utopias de esquerda no bojo desta revisão de tudo. O texto passa em revista a complexidade das equações em que se situa o sujeito na trajetória de construção da liberdade - o binômio movimentos sociais versus classes, o desafio recentemente percebido do pacto de sustentabilidade com a natureza, o estabelecimento de bandeiras sociais e políticas especificas em pleno processo de globalização da economia. Este processo, se agudiza desigualdades, potencializa, por outro lado, a subversão de significados. Enfim, o tempo é novo em termos de desafio e renovado em termos de disposição. On the threshold of a new millennium: The author places herself in the middle of a drama to recognise the limits of Reason and the Subject, while affirming her conviction that the maintaining of leftist Utopias is valid in the centre of this revision. The text surveys the complexity of the equations in which the Subject is situated in the trajectory of the construction of Freedom - the binomial {social movements versus classes}, the recently perceived challenge of the pact of Preservation with Nature, and the establishment of specific social and political flags in the on-going globalization of the economy. This process, if it widens inequalities, on the other hand, empowers the subversion of meanings. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
GLOBALIZAÇÃO, REESTRUTURAÇÃO PRODUTIVA E MOVIMENTO SINDICAL
Authors: Druck Graça 
Published: August 2022

Este texto discute, na sua primeira parte, o processo de globalização em curso, priorizando sua dimensão sociopolítica; analisa as principais transformações que constituem a reestruturação produtiva e suas implicações sobre o trabalho e o emprego; e tece algumas considerações sobre os mais significativos resultados das práticas neoliberais, apontando os seus limites e impasses. Busca compreender como se processa a articulação entre a globalização, a reestruturação produtiva e o neoliberalismo, a partir da categoria crítica do “trabalho”. Na segunda parte, enuncia os principais impactos desses processos sobre os sindicatos, apresentando a origem, o conteúdo e as principais tendências da crise do movimento sindical no âmbito mais geral e no Brasil. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: globalização; reestruturação produtiva; trabalho; emprego; sindicalismo; neo-liberalismo. Globalization: ProductiVE restructurING and trade union movements In its first part this paper discusses the globalization process in course prioritizing its social and political dimensions, analyzing the main transformations that form the productive restructure and its implications on work and employment. It also makes some considerations on the results of the neo-liberalism practices, pointing out its limits and impasses. It tries to explain how the articulation between globalization, productive restructure and neo-liberalism take place, from the critical category of “work”.In its second part the paper shows the main impacts of these processes on trade unions, presenting the origin, the content and the main trends of the crisis of the trade union movement on a more general scope and in Brazil. KEY WORDS: globalization; productive restructure; work; employment; trade-union; neo-liberalism. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
GLOBALIZAÇÃO, NOVAS REGIÕES DE PRODUÇÃO AGRÍCOLA E DESIGUALDADES SOCIAIS
Authors: Barbosa Josefa Salete 
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho objetiva compreender uma das dimensões da relação entre globalização e agricultura, através da análise de processos sociais que surgem dos novos vínculos entre produção e circulação de alimentos frescos no mercado mundial, tendo como estudo de caso uma região de produção frutícola, localizada no Vale do São Francisco do Nordeste do Brasil. Neste sentido, tenta compreender como as transformações no consumo e nas condições de controle dos mercados interferem nas estruturas da produção agrícola de regiões particulares, com impactos sobre as formas de acesso aos meios de produção e de controle sobre o trabalho, reproduzindo novos padrões de desigualdades sociais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: globalizaão; agricultura; trabalho agrícola; fruticultura; regionaliozação; diferenciação social. Globalization, new regions for agricultural productions and social unevenness This paper tries to explain one of the dimensions of the relationship between globalization and agriculture, through the analysis of the social processes arising from the new ties between production and the circulation of fresh food in the international market. The case study is a fruit-growing region in the valley of the São Francisco River, in the northeast of Brazil. In this sense, it tries to explain how the transformations on the consumption and on the control of the market conditions interfere in the agricultural production structures of the specific regions, having impacts on the ways of access to the means of production and the work control, reproducing new patterns of social unevenness. KEY WORDS: globalization; agriculture; agriculture work; fruit growing; specific regions; social difference. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
SAÚDE E TRABALHO: controvérsias teóricas
Authors: Fernandes Sônia Regina 
Published: August 2022

Este artigo apresenta as abordagens teóricas do modo de (POSSAS, 1989), do desgaste (LAURELL E NOGUEIRA, 1989), do estresse (GARDELL 1982; GARFIELD, 1982), da ergonomia (WISNER, 1987; FISCHER e PARAGUAY, 1989) da psicopatologia do trabalho (DEJOURS, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1992) que lidam com as questões inerentes a saúde e ao trabalho, salientando as principais tensões existentes no plano teórico-conceitual. A autora conclui, reafirmando a importância de construir-se estratégias coletivas capazes de enfrentar as ameaças do ambiente de trabalho. Aponta também para a necessidade de organizar-se nova agenda de estudos que integre diferentes perspectivas do objeto “saúde e trabalho” e possibilite novas alternativas, tanto no plano da investigação quanto da intervenção. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: saúde e trabalho; saúde do trabalhador; abordagens teóricas sobre saúde e trabalho.Health and Work – theoretical controversies This paper presents the theoretical approaches of the way of life (POSSAS, 1989), wear-out (LAURELL and NORIEGA), stress (GARDELL, 1982; GARFIELD,1983), ergonomics (WISNER, 1987; FISCHER and PARAGUAY, 1989) and the psychopathology of work (DEJOURS, 1986, 1988, 1089, 1992) dealing with issues inherent to health and work, emphasizing the main tensions at the theoretical conceptual level. The author concludes reassuring the importance of building collective strategies capable of facing the threats to the work environment. She also emphasizes the importance of organizing a new agenda of studies integrating different perspectives of the object “health and work” enabling new alternatives at the survey and intervention levels. KEY WORDS: health, work; social theory; way of life; wear-out; stress; psychopathology of work; ergonomics. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O CARNAVAL COMO ENGENHO DE REPRESENTAÇÃO CONSENSUAL DA SOCIEDADE BAIANA
Authors: Moura Milton 
Published: August 2022

O artigo passa em revista as transformações por que tem passado o Carnaval de Salvador nas últimas décadas. Enfatiza a reestruturação contínua do processo de integração desigual que se observa em torno e no centro da festa e a homogeneização tendencial dos padrões estéticos, com a generalização do trio elétrico como recurso para alcançar as multidões. No complexo sistema de práticas musicais que se desenvolve hoje na cidade do Salvador, as quais constituem-se em elemento importante da reafirmação de seu arranjo político, combinam-se domesticamente o tradicional e o moderno e reproduz-se a primazia das elites, com ampla margem de aprovação popular, enquanto os signos associados à negritude passam a integrar o panteão da beleza oficial e continuam constituindo o eixo principal da propaganda turística. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: carnaval; mudança social; cultura popular; negritude; integração social; representação social; consenso. Carnival as a drive for the consensual representation of the Bahian society This article reviews the changes that Carnival in Salvador has gone through in the last decades. It emphasizes the continuous restructuring of the social uneven integration observed around and in the festival, as well as the homogeneous esthetic patterns with the widespread presence of the trio elétricos (trucks with high-powered sound equipment on which bands roll through the streets) as a resource to attract the crowds. In the complex system of musical practices taking place at present in Salvador, which are an important element for reassuring its political pattern, the traditional and the modern are combined and the supremacy of the elite is largely approved by the population, whereas the signs associated to being black become part of the pantheon of official beauty and continue being the main axis for tourist attraction. KEY WORDS: carnival; social change; popular culture; being black; social integration; consensus Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
An excess of glycolytic enzymes under glucose‐limited conditions may enable Saccharomyces cerevisiae to adapt to nutrient availability
Authors: Grigaitis Pranas , Teusink Bas 
Published: August 2022

Microorganisms, including the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, express glycolytic proteins to a maximal capacity that (largely) exceeds the actual flux through the enzymes, especially at low growth rates. An open question is if this apparent expression level is really an overcapacity, or maintains the (optimal) enzyme capacity needed to carry flux at (very) low substrate availability. Here, we use computational modelling to suggest that yeast maintains a genuine excess of glycolytic enzymes at low specific growth rates. During fast fermentative growth at high glucose levels, the observed expression of the glycolytic enzymes matched the predicted optimal levels. We suggest that the excess glycolytic capacity at low glucose levels is a preparatory strategy in the adaptation to sugar fluctuations in the environment.
Resilience evaluation of elastic‐plastic high‐rise buildings under resonant long‐duration ground motion
Authors: Akehashi Hiroki , Takewaki Izuru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA simple evaluation method of building resilience is proposed, and the resilience of elastic‐plastic high‐rise buildings is evaluated under resonant long‐duration ground motions. The concept of availability is incorporated into the evaluation model of the building resilience, which was proposed in the previous paper. Not only in‐building components but also external factors such as lifelines and redundancy of facility systems are considered in the evaluation model. Based on the evaluation model, the following probabilistic indices are formulated: (1) the expected value of the total recovery time, (2) the expected values of the availability of the structural frame, facilities, and non‐structural components just after an earthquake event, and (3) the maximum likelihood recovery curves (MLRCs) of the structural frame, facilities, and non‐structural components. Numerical examples are presented for evaluating the resilience of elastic‐plastic high‐rise building models under a pseudo‐multi impulse (PMI), which substitutes for resonant long‐duration ground motions. Finally, the influences of the passive viscous dampers, the redundancy of facility systems, and the uncertainty of manpower to repair the components on the building resilience are clarified through the results of numerical examples.
Self‐Assembled LuFeO3/LuFe2O4 Heterostructure with Emergent Ferroic Orderings
Authors: Deng Shiqing , Xu Changsong , Cheng Shaobo , Wang Wenbin , Zhu Jing , Zhu Yimei , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAchieving self‐assembling structures that exhibit emergent properties and functionalities is one of the holy grails in nanotechnology and holds great promise for a wide range of potential applications. Herein, a self‐assembled LuFeO3–(1/3)LuFe2O4–LuFeO3 heterostructure that consists of two model multiferroics, i.e., hexagonal LuFeO3 and rhombohedral LuFe2O4, is reported in single‐layer epitaxial LuFeO3 thin films. Atomic‐scale electron microscopy investigations reveal the spontaneous organization of ferroelectric polarization in each building block, which forms a series of polar configurations. Specifically, the charge and lattice of neighboring LuFeO3 and LuFe2O4 blocks are closely coupled with competing degrees of freedom. A combination of the quantitative analysis of atomically resolved images and spectroscopy with theoretical calculations determines how charge‐ordering‐induced polarization accommodates charge naturality across the interfaces to reduce the system energy and unravels the formation mechanism of this heterostructure. The results point to the possibilities of generation and control of multiferroic self‐assembled systems, which may provide a basis for engineering novel materials with emergent properties.
High‐Resolution Imaging of the Ocular Vasculature of Conjunctivitis in Mice Using Highly Bright Polymer Dots
Authors: Li Yuqiao , Lu Shuting , Zhang Yufan , Li Jingru , Xiong Liqin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOcular diseases are mainly caused by vascular aberrations in the eye, and accurate imaging and analysis of the ocular vascular structure is crucial. In this study, poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (PFBT) polymer dots (Pdots), with the advantages of easy synthesis, high brightness, and low toxicity, are used as nanoprobes to perform high‐resolution imaging of the vasculature of the eyeball and optic nerve. Moreover, rapid imaging of the choroidal microvessels is carried out by stereoscopic fluorescence microscopy with a resolution of up to 1.6 µm. The comprehensive 3D vascular information of retinal aorta and optic nerve microvessels is obtained by combining tissue clearing and multiphoton microscopy. In addition, the vascular density of Schlemm's canal and iris blood vessels is compared between the conjunctivitis mice and the normal mice. These results suggest that PFBT Pdots have great application potential in the fast and accurate imaging of ocular diseases.
Modular Nanostructures Facilitate Low Thermal Conductivity and Ultra‐High Thermoelectric Performance in n‐Type SnSe
Authors: Chandra Sushmita , Bhat Usha , Dutta Prabir , Bhardwaj Aditya , Datta Ranjan , Biswas Kanishka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSingle crystals of SnSe have gained considerable attention in thermoelectrics due to their unprecedented thermoelectric performance. However, polycrystalline SnSe is more favorable for practical applications due to its facile chemical synthesis procedure, processability, and scalability. Though the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) of p‐type bulk SnSe polycrystals has reached >2.5, zT of n‐type counterpart is still lower and lies around ≈1.5. Herein, record high zT of 2.0 in n‐type polycrystalline SnSe0.92 + x mol% MoCl5 (x = 0–3) samples is reported, when measured parallel to the spark plasma sintering pressing direction due to the simultaneous optimization of n‐type carrier concentration and enhanced phonon scattering by incorporating modular nano‐heterostructures in SnSe matrix. Modular nanostructures of layered intergrowth [(SnSe)1.05]m(MoSe2)n like compounds embedded in SnSe matrix scatters the phonons significantly leading to an ultra‐low lattice thermal conductivity (κlat) of ≈0.26 W m−1 K−1 at 798 K in SnSe0.92 + 3 mol% MoCl5. The 2D layered modular intergrowth compound resembles the nano‐heterostructure and their periodicity of 1.2–2.6 nm in the SnSe matrix matches the phonon mean free path of SnSe, thereby blocking the heat carrying phonons, which result in low κlat and ultra‐high thermoelectric performance in n‐type SnSe.
Intrinsic (Trap‐Free) Transistors Based on Epitaxial Single‐Crystal Perovskites
Authors: Bruevich Vladimir , Kasaei Leila , Rangan Sylvie , Hijazi Hussein , Zhang Zhenyuan , Emge Thomas , Andrei Eva Y. , Bartynski Robert A. , Feldman Leonard C. , Podzorov Vitaly 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe first experimental realization of the intrinsic (not dominated by defects) charge conduction regime in lead‐halide perovskite field‐effect transistors (FETs) is reported. The advance is enabled by: i) a new vapor‐phase epitaxy technique that results in large‐area single‐crystalline cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) films with excellent structural and surface properties, including atomically flat surface morphology, essentially free from defects and traps at the level relevant to device operation; ii) an extensive materials analysis of these films using a variety of thin‐film and surface probes certifying the chemical and structural quality of the material; and iii) the fabrication of nearly ideal (trap‐free) FETs with characteristics superior to any reported to date. These devices allow the investigation of the intrinsic FET and (gated) Hall‐effect carrier mobilities as functions of temperature. The intrinsic mobility is found to increase on cooling from ≈30 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature to ≈250 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 50 K, revealing a band transport limited by phonon scattering. Establishing the intrinsic (phonon‐limited) mobility provides a solid test for theoretical descriptions of carrier transport in perovskites, reveals basic limits to the technology, and points to a path for future high‐performance perovskite electronic devices.