bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane Using the TissueTuck Technique: A Sutureless Approach for Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Desai Neel R. , Adams Bryan 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the TissueTuck technique in the management of pterygium.Methods:This was a single-center, retrospective review of patients with primary or recurrent pterygium that underwent surgical excision followed by application of cryopreserved amniotic membrane (AM) using the TissueTuck technique. All patients underwent surgery between January 2012 and May 2019. Patient profile, surgical time, complications, and rates of pterygium recurrence were analyzed.Results:A total of 582 eyes of 453 patients (328 female patients; 65.1 ± 13.9 years) were included for analysis and initially presented with primary (92%) pterygium. The average duration of pterygium excision surgery was 14.7 ± 5.2 minutes (median: 14, range: 4–39 minutes) with mitomycin C administration in 257 (45%) eyes. At the last follow-up of 30.2 ± 22.2 months (median: 24.5, range: 3–94 months), BCVA significantly improved from logMAR 0.23 at baseline to logMAR 0.19 (P< 0.0001). Recurrence rate was 2.3% but only 0.7% (2/274) in those cases with primary, single-headed pterygium without mitomycin C treatment. Other postoperative complications in that cohort included granuloma (7.9%), scarring (3.8%), and diplopia in extreme lateral gaze (2.5%). The AM remained secured to the ocular surface throughout the postoperative period.Conclusions:The TissueTuck surgical technique with cryopreserved AM can be performed in minimal time and result in a low recurrence and complication rate after pterygium surgery.
Percutaneous screw fixation of the pubic symphysis versus plate osteosynthesis: a biomechanical study
Authors: O'Neill David E. , Bradley Hallie R. , Hull Brandon , Pierce William , Grewal Ishvinder S. , Starr Adam J. , Sathy Ashoke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the stability of screw fixation with that of plate fixation for symphyseal injuries in a vertically unstable pelvic injury (AO/Tile 61-C1) associated with complete disruption of the sacroiliac joint and the pubic symphysis.

Methods: Eight fourth-generation composite pelvis models with sacroiliac and pubic symphyseal disruption (Sawbones, Vashon Island, WA) underwent biomechanical testing simulating static single-leg stance. Four were fixed anteriorly with a symphyseal screw, and 4 with a symphyseal plate. All had single transsacral screw fixation posteriorly. Displacement and rotation were monitored at both sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis.

Results: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for mean maximum force generated. There was no significant difference in net displacement at both sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis. There was significantly less rotation but more displacement in the screw group in the Z-axis. The screw group showed increased stiffness compared with the plate group.

Conclusions: This is the first biomechanical study to compare screw versus plate symphyseal fixation in a Tile C model. Our biomechanical model using anterior and posterior fixation demonstrates that symphyseal screws may be a viable alternative to classically described symphyseal plating.
Outcomes following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection among individuals with and without HIV in Denmark
Authors: Rasmussen Line D. , Cowan Susan , Gerstoft Jan , Kronborg Gitte , Johansen Isik S. , Larsen Carsten S. , Weise Lothar , Dalager-Pedersen Michael , Leth Steffen , Nielsen Lars N. , Lunding Suzanne , Omland Lars H. , Obel Niels 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
To compare the risk of a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in people with HIV (PWH) with the general population, and estimate the association with vaccination status.

Design:
A nationwide, population based, matched cohort study

Methods:
We included all Danish PWH ≥18 years (n = 5276) and an age and sex-matched general population cohort (n = 42 308). We used Cox regression analyses to calculate (adjusted) incidence rate ratios [(a)IRR] and further stratified and restricted the analyses.

Results:
We observed no major difference in risk of first positive SARS-CoV-2 test [aIRR: 0.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–0.9)], but a higher risk of first hospital contact with COVID-19 and hospitalization with severe COVID-19 for PWH vs. controls [IRR: 2.0; (1.6–2.5), 1.8 (1.4–2.3)]. Risk of first hospitalization decreased substantially in PWH with calendar time [first half of year 2022 vs. 2020 IRR: 0.3; (0.2–0.6)], whereas the risk compared to population controls remained almost twofold increased. We did not observe increased risk of death after SARS-CoV-2 infection [aIRR: 0.7 (95% CI: 0.3–2.0)]. Compared to PWH who had received two vaccines PWH who receiving a third vaccine had reduced risk of first positive SARS-CoV-2 test, death (individuals ≥60years) and hospitalization [aIRR: 0.9 (0.7–1.0); 0.2 (0.1–0.7); 0.6 (0.2–1.2)].

Conclusion:
PWH have almost the same risk of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test as the general population. Although risk of hospital contacts and severe outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection is increased, the risk of death does not seem to be substantially increased. Importantly, a third vaccine is associated with reduced risk of infection, and death.
Blood RNA and protein biomarkers are associated with vaping and dual use, and prospective health outcomes
Authors: Gregory Andrew , Xu Zhonghui , Pratte Katherine , Berman Seth , Lu Robin , Suryadevara Rahul , Chase Robert , Yun Jeong H. , Saferali Aabida , Hersh Craig P. , Silverman Edwin K. , Bowler Russell P. , Alexander Laura E. Crotty , Boueiz Adel , Castaldi Peter J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are driving an epidemic of vaping. Identifying biomarkers of vaping and dual use (concurrent vaping and smoking) will facilitate studies of the health effects of vaping. To identify putative biomarkers of vaping and dual use, we performed association analysis in an observational cohort of 3,892 COPDGene study participants with blood transcriptomics and/or plasma proteomics data and self-reported current vaping and smoking behavior.MethodsBiomarkers of vaping and dual use were identified through differential expression analysis and related to prospective health events over six years of follow-up. To assess the predictive accuracy of multi-biomarker panels, we constructed predictive models for vaping and smoking categories and prospective health outcomes.ResultsWe identified three transcriptomic and three proteomic associations with vaping, and 90 transcriptomic and 100 proteomic associations to dual use. Many of these vaping or dual use biomarkers were significantly associated with prospective health outcomes, such as FEV1 decline (three transcripts and 62 proteins), overall mortality (18 transcripts and 73 proteins), respiratory mortality (two transcripts and 23 proteins), respiratory exacerbations (13 proteins) and incident cardiovascular disease (24 proteins). Multimarker models showed good performance discriminating between vaping and smoking behavior and produced informative, modestly powerful predictions of future FEV1 decline, mortality, and respiratory exacerbations.ConclusionsIn summary, vaping and dual use are associated with RNA and protein blood-based biomarkers that are also associated with adverse health outcomes.
Industrialized complementary food for infants and young children: a systematic review protocol of their nutrient profile and impact on health outcomes
Authors: de Sousa Juliana Morais , Oliveira Priscila Gomes , da Silva Elisa Maria Rodrigues , de Oliveira Nicolie Mattenhauer , da Silva Ribeiro Karla Danielly 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComplementary feeding plays an important role in the patterns of growth, development and formation of eating habits. Although the consumption of complementary foods (CF) with an inadequate Nutrient Profile (NP) is considered a risk factor for morbidities, there are still few studies that assess its repercussions on children’s diet and health. This review aims to identify the participation of industrialized CF consumption in children’s diet, the NP of these foods, and their impact on quality diet and on health of children under two years of age. This is a protocol study for systematic review registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CDR 42022321891, following recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will seek out cross-sectional or cohort studies investigating the NP of industrialized CF recommended for children up to two years and/or that evaluated the association between the CF consumption and the children’s diet and health. The search for records will be conducted on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Scielo. Two independent reviewers will perform all steps of the systematic review. The methodological quality will be analyzed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) and Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2). Results will be presented by means, medians, confidence interval (95%), standard deviation for the NP of foods, and to assess the health impact, comparisons of outcome measures, effect sizes (ORs and RRs) will be extracted. The high consumption of industrialized CF and the negative impact on children’s health, in addition to the gap in the literature of studies assessing the NP and consumption of these foods by children under 24 months, justify the importance of a review on this subject focusing on that age group.
An Optimised Monophasic Faecal Extraction Method for LC-MS Analysis and its Application in Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Kelly Patricia E. , Ng H Jene , Farrell Gillian , McKirdy Shona , Russell Richard K. , Hansen Richard , Rattray Zahra , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Rattray Nicholas J.W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLiquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic approaches are widely used to investigate underlying pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disease and mechanism of action of treatments. However, a standardised method for extracting metabolites from faecal samples for large-scale metabolomic studies is yet to be defined. Current methods often rely on biphasic extractions using harmful halogenated solvents, making automation and large-scale studies challenging. The present study reports an optimised monophasic faecal extraction protocol that is suitable for untargeted and targeted LC-MS analyses. The impact of several experimental parameters, including sample weight, extraction solvent, cellular disruption method, and sample-to-solvent ratio were investigated. It is suggested that a 50 mg freeze-dried faecal sample should be used in a methanol extraction (1:20) using bead beating as the means of cell disruption. This is revealed by a significant increase in number of metabolites detected, improved signal intensity, and wide metabolic coverage given by each of the above extraction parameters. Finally, we addressed the applicability of the method on faecal samples from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and coeliac disease (CoD), two distinct chronic gastrointestinal diseases involving metabolic perturbations. Untargeted and targeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated the ability of the developed method to detect and stratify metabolites extracted from patient groups and healthy controls (HC), highlighting characteristic changes in the faecal metabolome according to disease. The method developed is therefore suitable for the analysis of patients with gastrointestinal disease and can be used to detect and distinguish differences in the metabolomes of CD, CoD, and HC.
Development and Clinical Validation of Swaasa AI Platform for screening and prioritization of Pulmonary TB
Authors: Yellapu Gayatri Devi , Rudraraju Gowrisree , Sripada Narayana Rao , Mamidgi Baswaraj , Jalukuru Charan , Firmal Priyanka , Yechuri Venkat , Varanasi Sowmya , Peddireddi Venkata Sudhakar , Bhimarasetty Devi Madhavi , Kanisetti Sidharth , Joshi Niranjan , Mohapatra Prasant , Pamarthi kiran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcoustic signal analysis has been employed in various medical devices. However, studies involving cough sound analysis to screen the potential Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) suspects are very few. The main objective of this cross-sectional validation study was to develop and validate the Swaasa AI platform to screen and prioritize at risk patients for PTB based on the signature cough sound as well as symptomatic information provided by the subjects. The voluntary cough sound data was collected at Andhra Medical College-India. An Algorithm based on multimodal Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture and Feedforward Artificial Neural Network (FFANN) (tabular features) was built and validated on a total of 567 subjects, comprising 278 positive and 289 negative PTB cases. The output from these two models was combined to detect the likely presence (positive cases) of PTB. In the clinical validation phase, the AI-model was found to be 86.82% accurate in detecting the likely presence of PTB with 90.36% sensitivity and 84.67% specificity. The pilot testing of model was conducted at a peripheral health care centre, RHC Simhachalam-India on 65 presumptive PTB cases. Out of which, 15 subjects truly turned out to be PTB positive with a Positive Predictive Value of 75%. The validation results obtained from the model are quite encouraging. This platform has the potential to fulfil the unmet need of a cost-effective PTB screening method. It works remotely, presents instantaneous results, and does not require a highly trained operator. Therefore, it could be implemented in various inaccessible, resource-poor parts of the world.
Posterior white matter hyperintensities are associated with reduced medial temporal lobe subregional integrity and long-term memory in older adults
Authors: Rizvi Batool , Sathishkumar Mithra , Kim Soyun , Márquez Freddie , Granger Steven J. , Larson Myra S. , Miranda Blake A. , Hollearn Martina K. , McMillan Liv , Nan Bin , Tustison Nicholas J. , Lao Patrick J. , Brickman Adam M. , Greenia Dana , Corrada Maria M. , Kawas Claudia H. , Yassa Michael A. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTWhite matter hyperintensities are a marker of small vessel cerebrovascular disease that are strongly related to cognition in older adults. Similarly, medial temporal lobe atrophy is well-documented in aging and Alzheimer’s disease and is associated with memory decline. Here, we assessed the relationship between lobar white matter hyperintensities, medial temporal lobe subregional volumes, and hippocampal memory in older adults.We collected MRI scans in a sample of 139 older adults without dementia (88 females, mean age (SD) = 76.95 (10.61)). Participants were administered the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Regression analyses tested for associations among medial temporal lobe subregional volumes, regional white matter hyperintensities and memory, while adjusting for age, sex, and education and correcting for multiple comparisons.Increased occipital white matter hyperintensities were related to worse RAVLT delayed recall performance, and to reduced CA1, dentate gyrus, perirhinal cortex (Brodmann area 36), and parahippocampal cortex volumes. These medial temporal lobe subregional volumes were related to delayed recall performance. The association of occipital white matter hyperintensities with delayed recall performance was fully mediated statistically only by perirhinal cortex volume.These results suggest that white matter hyperintensities may be associated with memory decline through their impact on medial temporal lobe atrophy. These findings provide new insights into the role of vascular pathologies in memory loss in older adults and suggest that future studies should further examine the neural mechanisms of these relationships in longitudinal samples.
Food Insecurity During the First Year of COVID-19: An Analysis of Employment and Sociodemographic Factors Among a Longitudinal Cohort (CHASING COVID)
Authors: Ng Yvette , Chang Mindy , Robertson McKaylee , Grov Christian , Maroko Andrew , Zimba Rebecca , Westmoreland Drew , Rane Madhura , Mirzayi Chloe , Parcesepe Angela M. , Kulkarni Sarah , Salgado-You William , Cohen Nevin , Nash Denis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesWhile much has been reported about the impact of COVID-19 on U.S. food insecurity, longitudinal data and the variability experienced by people working in different industries are limited. This study aims to further characterize individuals experiencing food insecurity during the pandemic in terms of employment and sociodemographic characteristics and degree of food insecurity.MethodsThe study sample consisted of people enrolled in a U.S. prospective cohort study (CHASING COVID) who completed all food insecurity questionnaires from Visit 1 (April-July 2020) through Visit 7 (May-June 2021). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to determine employment and sociodemographic correlates of food insecurity (using a screening question from the USDA HFSS). Patterns of food insecurity and utilization of food benefit programs were also examined.ResultsThirty-one percent (1251/4019) of the sample were food insecure. Black and Hispanic respondents, households with children, and those with lower income and education levels had a higher odds of food insecurity. People employed in construction, leisure/hospitality and trade/transportation industries had the highest burden of both food insecurity and income loss. Among those reporting food insecurity, 40% were persistently food insecure (≥4 consecutive visits), and 46% did not utilize any food benefit programs.ConclusionsThe pandemic resulted in widespread food insecurity in our cohort, much of which was persistent. In addition to addressing sociodemographic disparities, future policies should focus on the needs of those working in vulnerable industries and ensure those experiencing food insecurity can easily participate in food benefit programs for which they are eligible.
Dynamic Kinetic Models Capture Cell-Free Metabolism for Improved Butanol Production
Authors: Martin Jacob P. , Rasor Blake J. , DeBonis Jonathon , Karim Ashty S. , Jewett Michael C. , Tyo Keith E.J. , Broadbelt Linda J. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTCell-free systems are useful tools for prototyping metabolic pathways and optimizing the production of various bioproducts. Mechanistically-based kinetic models are uniquely suited to analyze dynamic experimental data collected from cell-free systems and provide vital qualitative insight. However, to date, dynamic kinetic models have not been applied with rigorous biological constraints or trained on adequate experimental data to the degree that they would give high confidence in predictions and broadly demonstrate the potential for widespread use of such kinetic models. In this work, we construct a large-scale dynamic model of cell-free metabolism with the goal of understanding and optimizing butanol production in a cell-free system. Using a novel combination of parameterization methods, the resultant model captures experimental metabolite measurements across two experimental conditions for nine metabolites at timepoints between 0 and 24 hours. We present analysis of the model predictions, provide recommendations for butanol optimization, and identify the aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase as the primary bottleneck in butanol production. Sensitivity analysis further reveals the extent to which various parameters are constrained, and our approach for probing valid parameter ranges can be applied to other modeling efforts.
Armor reduction and pelvic girdle loss in a population of threespine stickleback(Gasterosteus aculeatus) from western Newfoundland, Canada
Authors: Scott RJ , Haines GE , Trask CA 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe describe the antipredator armor of a unique population of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Narrows Pond in western Newfoundland and compare traits for this population to nearby populations from marine and freshwater systems. After standardizing for length, Narrows Pond stickleback are shallower bodied and have shorter dorsal spines than stickleback from the other populations. Also, though the number of armor plates for Narrows Pond stickleback is greater than for typical low-plate morphs, the size of the lateral plates for Narrows Pond stickleback is much smaller. Finally, most (nearly 75% of sampled individuals) Narrows Pond stickleback do not have a pelvic structure (bilateral pelvic plate, ascending process, and ventral spine) and the remaining individuals have greatly reduced pelvic girdle whereas all individuals from the other populations possessed complete pelvic structures.
Millisecond cryo-trapping by the spitrobot crystal plunger simplifies time-resolved crystallography
Authors: Mehrabi Pedram , Sung Sihyun , von Stetten David , Prester Andreas , Hatton Caitlin E. , Kleine-Döpke Stephan , Berkes Alexander , Gore Gargi , Leimkohl Jan-Philipp , Schikora Hendrik , Kollewe Martin , Rohde Holger , Wilmanns Matthias , Tellkamp Friedjof , Schulz Eike C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe introduce the spitrobot, a protein crystal plunger, enabling reaction quenching via cryo-trapping with millisecond time-resolution. Canonical micromesh loops are mounted on an electropneumatic piston, reactions are initiated via the liquid application method (LAMA), and finally intermediate states are cryo-trapped in liquid nitrogen. We demonstrate binding of several ligands in microcrystals of three enzymes, and trapping of reaction intermediates and conformational changes in macroscopic crystals of tryptophan synthase.
Evaluating proteome allocation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaephenotypes with resource balance analysis
Authors: Dinh Hoang V. , Maranas Costas D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis an important model organism and a workhorse in bioproduction. Here, we reconstructed a compact and tractable genome-scale resource balance analysis (RBA) model (i.e.,scRBA) to analyze metabolic fluxes and proteome allocation in a computationally efficient manner. Resource capacity models such asscRBA provide the quantitative means to identify bottlenecks in biosynthetic pathways due to enzyme, compartment size, and/or ribosome availability limitations. ATP maintenance rate andin vivoapparent turnover numbers (kapp) were regressed from metabolic flux and protein concentration data to capture observed physiological growth yield and proteome efficiency and allocation, respectively. Estimated parameter values were found to vary with oxygen and nutrient availability. Overall, this work (i) provides condition-specific model parameters to recapitulate phenotypes corresponding to different extracellular environments, (ii) alludes to the enhancing effect of substrate channeling and post-translational activation onin vivoenzyme efficiency in glycolysis and electron transport chain, and (iii) reveals that the Crabtree effect is underpinned by specific limitations in mitochondrial proteome capacity and secondarily ribosome availability rather than overall proteome capacity.