bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expert panel consensus recommendations on the use of circulating tumor DNA assays for patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Imai Mitsuho , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Sunami Kuniko , Kage Hidenori , Komine Keigo , Koyama Takafumi , Amano Toraji , Ennishi Daisuke , Kanai Masashi , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Maeda Takahiro , Morita Sachi , Sakai Daisuke , Bando Hideaki , Makiyama Akitaka , Suzuki Tatsuya , Hirata Makoto , Kohsaka Shinji , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Naito Yoichi , Yoshino Takayuki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComprehensive genomic profiling is increasingly used to facilitate precision oncology based on molecular stratification. In addition to conventional tissue comprehensive genomic profiling, comprehensive genomic profiling of circulating tumor DNA has become widely utilized in cancer care owing on its advantages, including less invasiveness, rapid turnaround time, and capturing heterogeneity. However, circulating tumor DNA comprehensive genomic profiling has some limitations, mainly false negatives due to low levels of plasma circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid and false positives caused by clonal hematopoiesis. Nevertheless, no guidelines and recommendations fully address these issues. Here, an expert panel committee involving representatives from 12 Designated Core Hospitals for Cancer Genomic Medicine in Japan was organized to develop expert consensus recommendations for the use of circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid‐based comprehensive genomic profiling. The aim was to generate guidelines for clinicians and allied healthcare professionals on the optimal use of the circulating tumor DNA assays in advanced solid tumors and to aid the design of future clinical trials that utilize and develop circulating tumor DNA assays to refine precision oncology. Fourteen clinical questions regarding circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid comprehensive genomic profiling including the timing of testing and considerations for interpreting results were established by searching and curating associated literatures, and corresponding recommendations were prepared based on the literature for each clinical question. Final consensus recommendations were developed by voting to determine the level of each recommendation by the Committee members.
Managerial risk aversion and the structure of executive compensation
Authors: Hrazdil Karel , Kim Jeong Bon , Novak Jiri , Zatzick Christopher 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch question/issueWe examine how chief executive officers' (CEOs) innate risk aversion influences the size and structure of their compensation contracts. In so doing, we estimate managerial risk aversion based on the Big Five personality traits—openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism—inferred using IBM's Personality Insights service.Research findings/insightsWe provide evidence that executives' inherent risk aversion is related to their compensation structure. Contrary to agency theory predictions, we find that more risk‐averse CEOs receive more cash‐based and less equity‐based compensation but receive lower total compensation. This relationship is moderated by differences in firms' resource advantages.Theoretical/academic implicationsDespite the theoretical prediction that managerial risk aversion is a key factor determining the structure of executives' compensation contracts, there is limited empirical evidence on whether firms adjust the components of compensation based on CEOs' risk preferences. Our results help us better understand the interplay between CEO personality and executive compensation.Practitioner/policy implicationsThis study offers important implications for organizations in that knowledge about executives' inherent risk aversion is important and relevant for designing effective compensation contracts.
Association of admission blood glucose level and clinical outcomes in elderly community‐acquired pneumonia patients with or without diabetes
Authors: Zeng Weijian , Huang Xiaoxing , Luo Weijie , Chen Mingqian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionCommunity‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the major cause of infection‐related mortality worldwide. Patients with CAP frequently present with admission hyperglycemia.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between admission blood glucose (ABG) level and clinical outcomes in elderly CAP patients (≥80 years of age) with or without diabetes.MethodsIn this single center retrospective study, 290 elderly patients diagnosed with CAP were included. Demographic and clinical information were collected and compared. The associations between admission blood glucose level and the 30‐day mortality as well as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in elderly CAP patients with or without diabetes were assessed.ResultsOf the 290 eligible patients with CAP, 159 (66.5%) patients were male, and 64 (22.1%) had a known history of diabetes at hospital admission. After adjusting for age and sex, the logistic regression analysis had identified several risk factors that might be associated with clinical outcomes in elderly patients with CAP. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that admission glucose level > 11.1 mmol/L was significant associated with ICU admission, IMV, and 30‐day mortality both in non‐diabetic and diabetic patients. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that patients with higher admission glucose level were correlated statistically significantly with 30‐day mortality in patients with CAP (P < 0.001).ConclusionAdmission blood glucose is correlated with 30‐day hospital mortality, ICU admission, and IMV of CAP in elderly patients with and without diabetes. Specially, admission glucose > 11.1 mmol/L was a significant risk factor for 30‐day hospital mortality.
Evaluation of continuous glucose monitoring‐derived person‐specific HbA1c in the presence and absence of complications in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Xu Yongjin , Oriot Philippe , Dunn Timothy C. , Hermans Michel P. , Ram Yashesvini , Cheng Alan , Ajjan Ramzi A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the accuracy of a novel kinetic model at predicting HbA1c in a real‐world setting and to understand and explore the role of diabetes complications in altering the glucose–HbA1c relationship and the mechanisms involved.Materials and MethodsDeidentified HbA1c and continuous glucose monitoring values were collected from 93 individuals with type 1 diabetes. Person‐specific kinetic variables were used, including red blood cell (RBC) glucose uptake and lifespan, to characterize the relationship between glucose levels and HbA1c. The resulting calculated HbA1c (cHbA1c) was compared with glucose management indicator (GMI) for prospective agreement with laboratory HbA1c.ResultsThe cohort (42 men and 51 women) had a median age (IQR) of 61 (43, 72) years and a diabetes duration of 21 (10, 33) years. A total of 24 459 days of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data were available and 357 laboratory HbA1c were used to assess the average glucose–HbA1c relationship. cHbA1c had a superior correlation with laboratory HbA1c compared with GMI with a mean absolute deviation of 1.7 and 6.7 mmol/mol, r2 = 0.85 and 0.44, respectively. The fraction within 10% of absolute relative deviation from laboratory HbA1c was 93% for cHbA1c and 63% for GMI. Macrovascular disease had no effect on the model's accuracy, whereas microvascular complications resulted in a trend towards higher HbA1c, secondary to increased RBC glucose uptake.ConclusionscHbA1c, which takes into account RBC glucose uptake and lifespan, accurately reflects laboratory HbA1c in a real‐world setting and can aid in the management of individuals with diabetes.
Diagnostic accuracy of cardiac computed tomographic angiography and transesophageal echocardiography in evaluation of patients with prosthetic paravalvular leakage
Authors: Hassan Amr Youssef , Kandil Hossam Ibrahim , Salem Mohamed Ali , Mohamed Ahmed Shehata , Kassem Hussien Heshmat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeComputed Tomography (CT) scan has been well addressed to provide diagnostic information for patients with prosthetic heart valve (PHV) dysfunction. However, its role in the assessment of patients with prosthetic paravalvular leakage (PVL) has not been studied thoroughly. So, this study was conducted to assess the feasibility, reproducibility, and accuracy of CT for diagnosis of prosthetic PVL using surgical findings as the reference standard.Materials and methodsThis was a prospective cohort study that was conducted on 26 consecutive patients with suspected prosthetic PVL who underwent both transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and 64‐slice ECG‐gated CT. The gold standard was the intraoperative findings. Surgery was performed on 26 patients.ResultsThere was an excellent degree of agreement between CT and intraoperative findings for diagnosis, localization of prosthetic PVL. The perimeter of prosthetic PVL measured by CT was strongly correlated with echocardiographic severity of PVL by TEE (Spearman's Correlation Coefficient, r = .83, p = .0014).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that cardiac CT showed comparable diagnostic accuracy to TEE and intraoperative findings for the detection, localization, and assessment of severity of prosthetic PVL. Moreover, CT was shown to be useful in detection of other findings related to prosthetic cardiac valves.
Exploring variation in susceptibility to Phytophthora ramorum in Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi)
Authors: Dun Heather F. , Clarke Toni‐Kim , Mackay John J. , Green Sarah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhytophthora ramorum is an invasive pathogen responsible for extensive mortality in larches in the United Kingdom. There is great interest from the forestry industry in the possibility of selection for resistance to P. ramorum in Japanese larch in order to retain it as a commercially viable species. This study is the first to investigate variation in resistance to P. ramorum among planted populations of Japanese larch in the UK. Our study uses inoculation of excised material from putatively resistant survivor trees and known susceptible trees. We found variation in susceptibility to P. ramorum within Japanese larch stands planted in the Galloway forest of Scotland with some trees showing significantly shorter lesion development than others, from a mean lesion length of 34.7 mm in the least susceptible clone to 135 mm in the most susceptible. Although clones from the putatively resistant and known susceptible groups were not significantly different (p = .055), we propose that survivor trees include a higher proportion of resistant or low susceptibility trees and would be a useful starting point for further work investigating natural resistance in larch.
Mefloquine causes selective mast cell apoptosis in cutaneous mastocytosis lesions by a secretory granule‐mediated pathway
Authors: Lampinen Maria , Hagforsen Eva , Weström Simone , Bergström Anna , Levedahl Kerstin Hamberg , Paivandy Aida , Lara‐Valencia Paola , Pejler Gunnar , Rollman Ola 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMastocytosis is a KIT‐related myeloproliferative disease characterised by abnormal expansion of neoplastic mast cells (MC) in the skin or virtually any other organ system. The cutaneous form of adult‐onset mastocytosis is almost invariably combined with indolent systemic involvement for which curative therapy is yet not available. Here we evaluated a concept of depleting cutaneous MCs in mastocytosis lesions ex vivo by targeting their secretory granules. Skin biopsies from mastocytosis patients were incubated with or without mefloquine, an antimalarial drug known to penetrate into acidic organelles such as MC secretory granules. Mefloquine reduced the number of dermal MCs without affecting keratinocyte proliferation or epidermal gross morphology at drug concentrations up to 40 μM. Flow cytometric analysis of purified dermal MCs showed that mefloquine‐induced cell death was mainly due to apoptosis and accompanied by caspase‐3 activation. However, caspase inhibition provided only partial protection against mefloquine‐induced cell death, indicating predominantly caspase‐independent apoptosis. Further assessments revealed that mefloquine caused an elevation of granule pH and a corresponding decrease in cytosolic pH, suggesting drug‐induced granule permeabilisation. Extensive damage to the MC secretory granules was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis. Further, blockade of granule acidification or serine protease activity prior to mefloquine treatment protected MCs from apoptosis, indicating that granule acidity and granule‐localised serine proteases play major roles in the execution of mefloquine‐induced cell death. Altogether, these findings reveal that mefloquine induces selective apoptosis of MCs by targeting their secretory granules and suggest that the drug may potentially extend its range of medical applications.
Etiologic mechanisms in an adapted family‐based preventive intervention for underage alcohol use in Mexico: Results of an exploratory pilot study
Authors: Montero‐Zamora Pablo , Brown Eric C. , Ringwalt Christopher L. , Schwartz Seth J. , Prado Guillermo , Ortiz‐García Jorge 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlcohol use represents a global health problem, especially for Latin American youth. As part of the Global Smart Drinking Goals campaign, a family‐based preventive intervention was adapted and piloted in Mexico based on an existing evidence‐based program, Guiding Good Choices. In this study, we explored the malleability and session‐specific mean‐level changes in protective and risk factors targeted by the adapted family intervention as related to the prevention of underage alcohol use and abuse. The sample consisted of 177 parents working at four private local companies who had children between the ages of 8 and 16. Data were collected before and after each program session. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to examine growth trajectories and session‐specific mean differences for selected etiologic factors. Significant effects on protective and risk factors were found. Among protective factors, positive family involvement showed the most considerable linear growth over time, while clear standards for youth showed the largest within‐session increase. The greatest linear decrease in risk was observed for family conflict, which also showed the greatest pre‐, and post‐session reduction. Our findings suggest that the adapted program helped families develop protection against, and reduce risk of, alcohol use in their adolescent children. Results from this exploratory pilot study provide support for further rigorous evaluation and dissemination of the adapted intervention for Hispanic families.
Mice lacking proSAAS display alterations in emotion, consummatory behavior and circadian entrainment
Authors: Aryal Dipendra K. , Rodriguiz Ramona M. , Nguyen Ngoc Lien , Pease Matthew W. , Morgan Daniel J. , Pintar John , Fricker Lloyd D. , Wetsel William C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProSAAS is a neuroendocrine protein that is cleaved by neuropeptide‐processing enzymes into more than a dozen products including the bigLEN and PEN peptides, which bind and activate the receptors GPR171 and GPR83, respectively. Previous studies have suggested that proSAAS‐derived peptides are involved in physiological functions that include body weight regulation, circadian rhythms and anxiety‐like behavior. In the present study, we find that proSAAS knockout mice display robust anxiety‐like behaviors in the open field, light–dark emergence and elevated zero maze tests. These mutant mice also show a reduction in cued fear and an impairment in fear‐potentiated startle, indicating an important role for proSAAS‐derived peptides in emotional behaviors. ProSAAS knockout mice exhibit reduced water consumption and urine production relative to wild‐type controls. No differences in food consumption and overall energy expenditure were observed between the genotypes. However, the respiratory exchange ratio was elevated in the mutants during the light portion of the light–dark cycle, indicating decreased fat metabolism during this period. While proSAAS knockout mice show normal circadian patterns of activity, even upon long‐term exposure to constant darkness, they were unable to shift their circadian clock upon exposure to a light pulse. Taken together, these results show that proSAAS‐derived peptides modulate a wide range of behaviors including emotion, metabolism and the regulation of the circadian clock.
Body mass and cell size shape the tolerance of fishes to low oxygen in a temperature‐dependent manner
Authors: Verberk Wilco C. E. P. , Sandker Jeroen F. , van de Pol Iris L. E. , Urbina Mauricio A. , Wilson Rod W. , McKenzie David J. , Leiva Félix P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAerobic metabolism generates 15–20 times more energy (ATP) than anaerobic metabolism, which is crucial in maintaining energy budgets in animals, fueling metabolism, activity, growth and reproduction. For ectothermic water‐breathers such as fishes, low dissolved oxygen may limit oxygen uptake and hence aerobic metabolism. Here, we assess, within a phylogenetic context, how abiotic and biotic drivers explain the variation in hypoxia tolerance observed in fishes. To do so, we assembled a database of hypoxia tolerance, measured as critical oxygen tensions (Pcrit) for 195 fish species. Overall, we found that hypoxia tolerance has a clear phylogenetic signal and is further modulated by temperature, body mass, cell size, salinity and metabolic rate. Marine fishes were more susceptible to hypoxia than freshwater fishes. This pattern is consistent with greater fluctuations in oxygen and temperature in freshwater habitats. Fishes with higher oxygen requirements (e.g. a high metabolic rate relative to body mass) also were more susceptible to hypoxia. We also found evidence that hypoxia and warming can act synergistically, as hypoxia tolerance was generally lower in warmer waters. However, we found significant interactions between temperature and the body and cell size of a fish. Constraints in oxygen uptake related to cellular surface area to volume ratios and effects of viscosity on the thickness of the boundary layers enveloping the gills could explain these thermal dependencies. The lower hypoxia tolerance in warmer waters was particularly pronounced for fishes with larger bodies and larger cell sizes. Previous studies have found a wide diversity in the direction and strength of relationships betweenPcritand body mass. By including interactions with temperature, our study may help resolve these divergent findings, explaining the size dependency of hypoxia tolerance in fish.
The teaching of geriatric dentistry in South Korean dental schools
Authors: Kang Kyung Lhi , Kang Myoung Sheen , So Jong Seob , Ko Sok‐Min , Ha Seung‐Ryong , Hwang Ji‐young , Lee Sang‐Goo , Lee Seong‐Geun , Kho Hong‐Seop 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the curriculum of geriatric dentistry for undergraduates in Korean dental schools.BackgroundFor development purposes, it was necessary to compare geriatric dentistry education programmes in South Korea to programmes in the United States and Europe.MethodsThe most recent curriculum and related information on geriatric dentistry at the undergraduate level in all 11 dental schools in South Korea were collected by both official letter and e‐mail. A symposium for gathering expert opinions to improve geriatric dentistry education in South Korea was also held. The collected data were analysed, and the expert opinions at the symposium were summarised.ResultsSix of 11 schools had a didactic course as compulsory and three schools as elective. The course was usually conducted as a form of integrated lectures, and the level of standardisation of lecture content was very low. There were no topics for older people who cannot access dental clinics due to functional frailty or disability. No dental school‐affiliated hospitals had an independent department for geriatric dentistry. No schools provided clinical teaching for geriatric dentistry. There were no outreach programmes for geriatric dentistry.ConclusionsThe educational curriculum for geriatric dentistry in South Korea was insufficient to cope with social and demographic changes. Curriculum content should include clinical practice education and needs to be focused on frail and dependent older adult patients. An essential educational curriculum and core competency for geriatric dentistry should be prepared.
Digitized diaspora governance during the COVID‐19 pandemic: China's diaspora mobilization and Chinese migrant responses in Italy
Authors: Ceccagno Antonella , Thunø Mette 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe explore how the Chinese diaspora state during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020 managed to transform a severe health crisis into a geo‐political opportunity for transnational nation‐building through diaspora governance based on extensive use of social media technologies. By adopting a multi‐scalar perspective, we analyse the intertwined nature of top‐down and bottom‐up processes of the Chinese Party‐state's diaspora mobilization. Based on discourse and ethnographic analysis, we argue that China's diaspora governance exposed a new and strong capacity for extra‐territorial governance. We explore how discursive hegemony, social control and diaspora mobilization were achieved by widely employing the Chinese social media application, WeChat. We also contend that this was facilitated by the Italian government's and media's pro‐China attitudes to emphasize the importance of considering transnational embeddedness when studying the implementation and impact of interactive online technology for diaspora governance in an illiberal political context.
Eradication rate and safety of a “simplified rescue therapy”: 14‐day vonoprazan and amoxicillin dual regimen as rescue therapy on treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection previously failed in eradication: A real‐world, retrospective clinical study in China
Authors: Gao Wen , Teng Guigen , Wang Chi , Xu Ying , Li Yixuan , Cheng Hong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe currently recommended quadruple regimens as rescue therapy on Helicobacter pylori infection were not as effective as being supposed, especially in those who had failed two or more times. Dual regimen composed of vonoprazan (a potassium‐competitive acid blocker) and amoxicillin might be an option since it's effective in eradication therapy as first‐line treatment.ObjectiveAs a real‐world retrospective study, data were collected to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan and amoxicillin dual regimen as rescue therapy in Helicobacter pylori positive patients who had failed one or more times in their previous treatment.MethodsFrom May 2020 to June 2021, the clinical data of patients who had failed in Helicobacter pylori infection treatment were collected in GI department of Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China. Patients were given vonoprazan 20 mg or 40 mg per day and amoxicillin 3000 mg per day (VA dual therapy) for 14 days as rescue treatment. Helicobacter pylori status was evaluated by 13C‐urease breath test 6 weeks after treatment. All adverse effects during treatment were recorded.ResultsA total of 186 patients were enrolled, including 67 males and 119 females. All of them had failed for 1 ~ 7 times in their previous treatment. Successful eradication was achieved in 172 patients (92.5%, 172/186). The adverse effects (referring to skin rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache), mainly mild and did not cause quit of treatment, occurred in 14 patients (7.5%, 14/186) and all symptoms relieved spontaneously.ConclusionsDual regimen composed of vonoprazan and amoxicillin for 14 days was effective and safe as rescue therapy in Helicobacter pylori infection treatment. It could be chosen as a “simplified rescue therapy” with relatively high eradication rate no matter how many times the patients had failed and what regimens they had used previously.