bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As the number falls, alternatives to the Hagberg–Perten falling number method: A review
Authors: Hu Yang , Sjoberg Stephanie M. , Chen Chunpen (James) , Hauvermale Amber L. , Morris Craig F. , Delwiche Stephen R. , Cannon Ashley E. , Steber Camille M. , Zhang Zhiwu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis review examines the application, limitations, and potential alternatives to the Hagberg–Perten falling number (FN) method used in the global wheat industry for detecting the risk of poor end‐product quality mainly due to starch degradation by the enzyme α‐amylase. By viscometry, the FN test indirectly detects the presence of α‐amylase, the primary enzyme that digests starch. Elevated α‐amylase results in low FN and damages wheat product quality resulting in cakes that fall, and sticky bread and noodles. Low FN can occur from preharvest sprouting (PHS) and late maturity α‐amylase (LMA). Moist or rainy conditions before harvest cause PHS on the mother plant. Continuously cool or fluctuating temperatures during the grain filling stage cause LMA. Due to the expression of additional hydrolytic enzymes, PHS has a stronger negative impact than LMA. Wheat grain with low FN/high α‐amylase results in serious losses for farmers, traders, millers, and bakers worldwide. Although blending of low FN grain with sound wheat may be used as a means of moving affected grain through the marketplace, care must be taken to avoid grain lots from falling below contract‐specified FN. A large amount of sound wheat can be ruined if mixed with a small amount of sprouted wheat. The FN method is widely employed to detect α‐amylase after harvest. However, it has several limitations, including sampling variability, high cost, labor intensiveness, the destructive nature of the test, and an inability to differentiate between LMA and PHS. Faster, cheaper, and more accurate alternatives could improve breeding for resistance to PHS and LMA and could preserve the value of wheat grain by avoiding inadvertent mixing of high‐ and low‐FN grain by enabling testing at more stages of the value stream including at harvest, delivery, transport, storage, and milling. Alternatives to the FN method explored here include the Rapid Visco Analyzer, enzyme assays, immunoassays, near‐infrared spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging.
DINED (Delivery‐related INjuries in the Emergency Department) part 2: A chart review of risk factors and injuries affecting food delivery riders
Authors: Bertenshaw Claire , Mitchell Gary , McKinlay Andrew , Cameron Cate , Vallmuur Kirsten , Smyth Tanya , Witts Morgan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine patterns of injury, the impact of these injuries on patients and identification of potentially modifiable contributing factors through industry regulation reforms and education.MethodsFood delivery rider (FDR)‐related presentations to the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Emergency and Trauma Centre for a year from September 2020 were identified. Data collected included patient and incident demographics: time, type and location of injuries, investigations and care required, length of stay, admission requirements and follow up.ResultsThe cohort included 81.8% male with a mean age of 25.2 years. Most injuries occurred on the road from a collision with a vehicle. The most common injury was fractures. Incidence increased on weekends and during the evening. More than half the cohort were admitted to hospital. Only 22.7% of patients were eligible for workers compensation and less than half were covered by Medicare. The majority (72.7%) of cases involved non‐resident riders from other countries.ConclusionThe majority of FDRs presenting with injuries are not Australian citizens and less than half were Medicare eligible potentially contributing to inadequate access to care especially fracture follow up. There were spikes in injuries occurring at night, weekends and during periods of pandemic associated lockdowns demonstrating an increased usage of delivery services during these times. Results highlight injury patterns experienced by delivery riders and potentially modifiable risk factors for this rapidly growing area of employment within the gig economy.
Functional characterization of a low‐density lipoprotein receptor in the lepidopteran model, Bombyx mori
Authors: Li Gui‐Yun , Liu Xiao‐Jing , Fang Gang‐Qi , Yang Jie , Zhan Shuai , Li Mu‐Wang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe growth and development of metabolous insects are mainly regulated by ecdysone and juvenile hormone. As a member of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family, megalin (mgl) is involved in the lipoprotein transport of cholesterol which is an essential precursor for the synthesis of ecdysone. Despite extensive studies in mammals, the function of mgl is still largely unknown in insects. In this study, we characterize the function of mgl in the silkworm Bombyx mori, the model species of Lepidoptera. We find that mgl is broadly present in the genomes of lepidopteran species and evolved with divergence between lepidopterans and Drosophila. The expression pattern suggests a ubiquitous role of mgl in the growth and development in the silkworm. We further perform clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR‐associated protein 9‐based mutagenesis of Bmmgl and find that both the development and the silk production of the silkworm are seriously affected by the disruption of Bmmgl. Our results not only explore the function of mgl in Lepidoptera but also add to our understanding of how cholesterol metabolism is involved in the development of insects.
Occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts and strategies to enhance their content: A review
Authors: Wang Su‐Yan , Zhang Yun‐Jiao , Zhu Gui‐Yang , Shi Xin‐Chi , Chen Xin , Herrera‐Balandrano Daniela D. , Liu Feng‐Quan , Laborda Pedro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSprouting is a common strategy to enhance the nutritional value of seeds. Here, all the reports regarding the occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts have been covered for the first time. Isoflavones were detected with concentrations ranging from 1 × 10–2 to 1 × 101 g/kg in soybean sprouts. Isoflavone concentration depends on the cultivar, germination time, part of the sprout, light, and temperature. Aglycon isoflavones increased during germination, especially in the hypocotyl, while 6″‐O‐malonyl‐7‐O‐β‐glucoside isoflavones decreased in the hypocotyl and increased in the cotyledon and root. Cooking reduced total isoflavone content. Regarding the strategies to enhance isoflavone contents, fermentation with Aspergillus sojae and external irradiation with UV‐A or far‐infrared were the methods that caused the greatest increases in aglycon, 7‐O‐β‐glucoside, and total isoflavones. However, the largest increases in 6″‐O‐malonyl‐7‐O‐β‐glucoside and 6″‐O‐acetyl‐7‐O‐β‐glucosides isoflavones were detected after treatment with chitohexaose and calcium chloride, respectively.Practical ApplicationSoybean sprouts are widely consumed and provide essential proteins, antioxidants, and minerals. They are rich in isoflavones, which exhibit numerous health benefits, and have been studied as alternative therapies for a range of hormone‐dependent conditions, such as cancer, menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Despite numerous reports being published to date regarding the occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts, the publications in this field are highly dispersed, and a review has not yet been published. This review aims to (1) highlight the particular isoflavones that have been detected in soybean sprouts and their concentrations, (2) compared the effects of temperature, light, cooking and soybean cultivar affect the isoflavone levels on the different parts of the sprout, and (3) discuss the efficacy of the methods to enhance isoflavone contents. This review will provide a better understanding of the current state of this field of research by comparing the general trends and the different treatments for soybean sprouts.
A Safe Governance Space for Humanity: Necessary Conditions for the Governance of Global Catastrophic Risks
Authors: Fisher Len , Sandberg Anders 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe world faces a multiplicity of global catastrophic risks (GCRs), whose functionality as individual and collective complex adaptive networks (CANs) poses unique problems for governance in a world that itself comprises an intricately interlinked set of CANs. Here we examine necessary conditions for new approaches to governance that consider the known properties of CANs—especially that small changes in one part of the system can cascade and amplify throughout the system and that the system as a whole can also undergo rapid, dramatic, and often unpredictable change with little or no warning.
Calcification accretion units (CAUs): A standardized approach for quantifying recruitment and calcium carbonate accretion in marine habitats
Authors: Johnson Maggie D. , Price Nichole N. , Smith Jennifer E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Standardized metrics that quantify a component of ecosystem functioning are essential for evaluating the current status of coastal marine habitats and for monitoring how ecologically important ecosystems are changing in response to global and local environmental change. Calcification accretion units (CAUs) are a standardized tool for quantifying net calcium carbonate accretion, early successional community structure, recruitment of algae and sessile invertebrates and other response metrics that can be determined from image analyses in coastal marine habitats.

CAUs are comprised of paired‐settlement tiles that are separated by a spacer. This design mimics the presence of different representative habitats that are common in most marine systems such as exposed benthic surfaces, cryptic spaces inaccessible to grazers and shaded overhangings. The protected space between the tiles facilitates recruitment and inclusion of cryptic taxa in community assemblage estimates. After a period of deployment, CAUs are photographed for image analysis and then decalcified to quantify calcium carbonate accretion rates.

The CAU methodology provides a cost‐effective, standardized protocol for evaluating structure and function in marine benthic habitats. We illustrate how CAU data can be used to compare accretion rates and the relative proportion of carbonate polymorphs in ecosystems across the globe.

Here we provide a comprehensive standard operating procedure for building, deploying and processing CAUs, to ensure that a consistent protocol is used for accurate data collection and cross‐system comparative studies.
Theẓllof ancient Dadān: Ritual and documentary practice
Authors: Kootstra Fokelien 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn and around the site of ancient Dadān (modern‐day al‐ʿUlā), located in the Northwest of the Arabian Peninsula, many inscriptions are found in the local North Arabian script variety called Dadanitic (6th–1st centuries BC). Many of the Dadanitic inscriptions mention theẓllceremony for the main local deity Ḏūġābat, both unique to Dadān. While theẓllinscriptions are the most common type of monumental inscriptions in the Dadanitic script, their function is still little understood. Previous interpretations of theẓllinscriptions have primarily relied on the etymology of the rootẓll, ‘to cover’ or ‘shade’ (compare Arabicẓulal‘shade’). This article takes a broader approach to the inscriptions and considers their formulaic structure, phrasing, the distribution of attested personal names in them, and the use of the root in other genres and corpora to arrive at a new interpretation of the ritual, suggesting that theẓllinscriptions are better understood as documenting land leases. In this context the root ẒLL should be understood as ‘to write, to put down in writing; to record’.
The limits of bodies: Gatherings and the problem of collective presence
Authors: Zuckerman Charles H. P. , Mathias John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModern social collectivities—such as nations, publics, and political movements—depend upon the capacity of media technologies to transcend bodily proximity. The contemporary proliferation of such remote sociality may seem to render physical gatherings superfluous. But at times, people go to great pains to manifest collectivities by assembling bodies in one place. This article explores what we should make of cases in which it is not enough for collectivities to be projected, abstracted, imagined, or invoked—times when bodies together are all that will do. Presenting research from India and Laos, and in dialogue with reflections on the COVID‐19 pandemic, we consider those cases in which bodies are thought to be essential for making collectivities. We show that it is the limits and weaknesses of bodies—that they require sleep and food, that they are vulnerable to police batons and thrown stones, that they can usually only be in one place at a time—that often make them potent materials for building mass actors. Sketching a comparative anthropology of gathering, we reflect on what these limits afford and rethink what bodies might mean for future modes of social connection.
The impact of obesity on Singaporean trauma patients and their venous thromboembolism risk
Authors: Goh Serene Si Ning , Chan Kai Siang , Tay Wee Ming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of obesity on trauma outcomes had been equivocal and the majority of these studies were conducted in the Western population. The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of obesity on morbidity and mortality in Singaporean patients after trauma.MethodsA retrospective case control study of trauma patients admitted to a tertiary institution was performed. Patients admitted for both blunt and penetrating trauma who are aged 16 years and above were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce selection bias.ResultsA total of 5239 patients were reviewed (obese 648, non‐obese 4591). Median age was 76 (IQR 63–83) years. Median BMI was 22.8 kg/m2 (IQR 20.4–25.2). The overall median ISS was 10 (IQR 9–14). Median ISS was higher in non‐obese patients, 10 (IQR 9–14) as compared to obese patients of ISS 9 (IQR 9–13), p = 0.003. Obese patients had more abdominal injuries, n = 27/648 (4.2%) than non‐obese n = 114/4591 (2.5%), p = 0.013. Non‐obese patients had more head injuries, n = 1698/4591 (37%) as compared to the obese n = 195/648 (30.1%), p = 0.001. In‐hospital mortality was comparable in the matched cohort (obese n = 11/645 (1.7%), (non‐obese, n = 39/1290 (3.0%), OR 0.56 [0.28–1.09], p = 0.085). ICU admission was shorter for the obese (n = 36/645 (5.6%) versus n = 108/1290 (8.4%), OR 0.65 [0.44–0.96], p = 0.027). Obese patients had higher incidence of venous thromboembolism (n = 16/645 (2.5%) versus n = 12/1290 (0.9%), OR 2.71 [1.27–5.76], p = 0.007).ConclusionObese trauma patients had fewer head injuries, fewer ICU admissions but comparable mortality rates. Obesity was also associated with higher incidence of venous thromboembolism in the matched cohort.
Digital proficiency: Sorting real gaps from myths among higher education students
Authors: Lucas Margarida , Bem‐haja Pedro , Santos Sandra , Figueiredo Hugo , Ferreira Dias Marta , Amorim Marlene 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDigital competence is among the basic key competences for digital learning and employability. For this reason, its acquisition and development should be on the agenda of higher education institutions (HEIs) who wish to prepare their students to thrive in an ever faster evolving digital labour market. However, the existence of a valid instrument that can help HEIs measuring and further integrating digital competence into pedagogical and organisational practices with sufficient precision is yet to be accomplished. This article provides a valid and reliable instrument to measure higher education students' digital competence on the basis of the European Digital Competence Framework for Citizens, also known as DigComp. The instrument was applied to a sample of 411 students from a mid‐large public HEI and the results attest its validity and reliability. In addition, the study explores proficiency differences among students from different fields of education and training, and gender. Results demystify the idea that ICT students are more digitally competent than those in other fields of study, but suggest males score higher than females, which feeds into the ongoing debate of gender differences in relation to digital technologies and the readiness of females for the digital labour market. The results lead to clear implications for research and practice.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Digital competence is critical for higher education (HE) students to benefit from digital learning, strive in a digital society and increase employability prospects.

There is a lack of valid instruments to measure higher education (HE) students' digital competence and facilitate the identification of digital competence gaps.

Few studies focus on the relationship between HE students' digital competence, gender and fields of education and training (FET).

What this paper adds

A valid and reliable instrument based on a common European framework for digital competence.

HE students lack the necessary digital competences to effectively cope with digital environments.

Digital proficiency is particularly low regarding “Safety”, “Problem solving” and “Digital content creation” competence areas.

ICT students show less proficiency than those from other FET.

Male students score higher than females.

Implications for practice and/or policy

The instrument can be adopted by different stakeholders to assess students/future job seekers' digital competence.

HE institutions could benefit from such an instrument as a diagnosis to design specific teaching and learning strategies and target students' proficiency and particular needs.

Tackling specific FET and competence areas can better support the development of students' digital competence and facilitate their employability prospects.
Compulsive alcohol seeking and relapse: Central role of conditioning factors associated with alleviation of withdrawal states by alcohol
Authors: Kozanian Olga O. , Nedelescu Hermina , Kufahl Peter R. , Mayford Mark , Weiss Friedbert 
Published: April 2022

Background and PurposeLearned associations between environmental stimuli and drugs of abuse represent a major factor in the chronically relapsing nature of drug addiction. In drug dependent subjects these associations must be presumed to include associations linked to reversal of adverse withdrawal states by drug use—“withdrawal‐associated learning” (WDL). However, their significance in drug seeking has received little experimental scrutiny.Experimental ApproachUsing alcohol as a drug of abuse, the behavioural consequences of WDL were investigated in animal models of relapse and compulsive drug seeking by comparing the effects of WD L‐associated stimuli versus stimuli associated with alcohol without WDL experience in nondependent and post‐dependent rats. Brain sites activated by exposure to the respective stimuli were identified by c‐fos immunohistochemistry.Key Results(1) WDL‐associated stimuli elicited significant alcohol seeking. In rats with WDL experience, stimuli associated with alcohol in the nondependent state no longer elicited robust alcohol seeking. (2) Responding elicited by WDL‐associated stimuli, but not stimuli conditioned to alcohol in the nondependent state, was resistant to footshock punishment and increased response effort requirements for presentation of WDL‐related stimuli. (3) Stimuli conditioned to alcohol in rats with a dependence but not WDL history did not sustain punished responding or tolerance of increased effort. (4) The central nucleus of the amygdala was identified as a site selectively responsive to WDL stimulus exposure.Conclusion and ImplicationsEnvironmental stimuli associated with reversal of adverse withdrawal states by alcohol elicit compulsive‐like alcohol seeking and establish WDL as a major, not well‐recognized factor, in relapse vulnerability.
Oil price shocks, firm entry and exit in a heterogeneous firm model
Authors: Patra Soma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOil price shocks are considered to be one of the important factors behind US recessions, yet little is known about the transmission channels of oil price shocks. What complicates the matter further is the small share of oil in production. To address the issue the literature has incorporated amplifying channels such as endogenous depreciation or variable markups. I build a DSGE model with heterogeneous firms and show that inclusion of firm entry and exit amplifies the effect of oil price shocks. Using US firm‐level data, I see that oil shocks are negatively correlated with firm entry and positively correlated with firm exit as predicted by the model. Further, the DSGE model suggests it is the bigger and more‐productive firms that survive after an oil price shock.
LINC01605 promotes aerobic glycolysis through lactate dehydrogenase A in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Wang Wei , He Xionghui , Wang Yiqing , Liu Haiying , Zhang Fan , Wu Zhong , Mo Shaowei , Chen Dong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer diagnosed in women and the major malignancy that threatens women health, thus we explored the role of long noncoding RNA LINC01605 in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). We collected tissue samples from TNBC patients and cultured breast cancer cells to detect LINC01605 levels by RT‐PCR. We then constructed LINC01605 knockdown and LINC01605 overexpressed TNBC cell lines, cell proliferation was measured by CCK‐8 and colony formation assays, cell migration and invasion were measured by Transwell assay, and aerobic glycolysis of cells was detected. Furthermore, a downstream target gene was found, and its role was confirmed by mouse allogeneic tumor formation. It discovered that LINC01605 expression was significantly increased in TNBC patients, and its high expression predicted a low survival prognosis for TNBC patients. Stable knockdown of LINC01605 remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as aerobic glycolysis by inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase A in TNBC cell lines. Notably, knockdown of LINC01605 suppressed in vivo tumor formation and migration in TNBC transplanted mice. In conclusion, targeting long noncoding RNA LINC01605 might serve as a therapeutic candidate strategy to treat patients with TNBC.