bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Percolation of Antiperovskite Superionic Conductor into Porous MXene Scaffold for High‐Capacity and Stable Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Li Yang , Kong Long , Yang Haochen , Li Shuai , Deng Zhi , Li Shuo , Wang Liping , Lee Jim Yang , Zhao Yusheng , Chen Po‐Yen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLithium metal battery is considered an emerging energy storage technology due to its high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, the practical exploitations of lithium metal batteries are not realized because of uncontrollable lithium deposition and severe dendrite formation. Herein, a thermal percolation strategy is developed to fabricate a dual‐conductive framework using electronically conductive Ti3C2TxMXene aerogels (MXAs) and Li2OHCl antiperovskite superionic conductor. By melting Li2OHCl at a low temperature, the molten antiperovskite phase can penetrate the MXA scaffold, resulting in percolative electron/ion pathways. Through density functional theory calculations and electrochemical characterizations, the hybridized lithiophilic (MXA)−lithiophobic (antiperovskite) interfaces can spatially guide the deposition of lithium metals and suppress the growth of lithium dendrites. The symmetric cell with MXA–antiperovskite electrodes exhibits superior cycling stability at high areal capacities of 4 mAh cm−2over 1000 h. Moreover, the full cell with MXA−antiperovskite anode and high‐loading LiFePO4cathode demonstrates high energy and power densities (415.7 Wh kgcell−1and 231.0 W kgcell−1) with ultralong lifespans. The thermal percolation of lithium superionic conductor into electronically conductive scaffolds promises an efficient strategy to fabricate dual‐conductive electrodes, which benefits the development of dendrite‐free lithium metal anodes with high energy/power densities.
Beta‐cyclodextrin covalent organic framework coated silica composite as chiral stationary phase for high‐performance liquid chromatographic separation
Authors: Yan Yilun , Cai Xinting , Cheng Siyuan , Xie Xuexian , Lan Yixin , Wu Jialin , Fan Jun , Zheng Shengrun , Cai Songliang , Zhang Weiguang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA beta‐cyclodextrin covalent organic framework coated silica composite, namely beta‐cyclodextrin covalent organic framework@SiO2, was prepared by coating the beta‐cyclodextrin covalent organic framework onto a spherical aminized silica matrix and used as the chiral stationary phase for high‐performance liquid chromatography separation in both normal‐ and reversed‐phase modes. The beta‐cyclodextrin covalent organic framework@SiO2 packed column showed good separation performance towards positional isomers such as nitrotoluene and aminophenol, and benzene homologs in the reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography mode. While chiral drug molecules including omeprazole and lansoprazole could be also enantioseparated on beta‐cyclodextrin covalent organic framework@SiO2 packed column in the normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography mode. Besides, the effects of mobile phase composition, column temperature, and other factors of high‐performance liquid chromatography separation on beta‐cyclodextrin covalent organic framework@SiO2 packed column were studied in detail. Moreover, the stability test of the beta‐cyclodextrin covalent organic framework@SiO2 packed column was also investigated. The results of continuous injections and monthly detection were basically identical, suggesting the excellent durability of the obtained high‐performance liquid chromatography column. This work indicated that beta‐cyclodextrin covalent organic framework@SiO2 composite could effectively separate different compounds in high‐performance liquid chromatography normal/reversed‐phase modes, making it a promising chiral stationary phase in the field of high‐performance liquid chromatography separation.
The mitochondrial genome of the red icefish (Channichthys rugosus) casts doubt on its species status
Authors: Muschick Moritz , Nikolaeva Ekaterina , Rüber Lukas , Matschiner Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAntarctic notothenioid fishes are recognised as one of the rare examples of adaptive radiation in the marine system. Withstanding the freezing temperatures of Antarctic waters, these fishes have diversified into over 100 species within no more than 10–20 million years. However, the exact species richness of the radiation remains contested. In the genus Channichthys, between one and nine species are recognised by different authors. To resolve the number of Channichthys species, genetic information would be highly valuable; however, so far, only sequences of a single species, C. rhinoceratus, are available. Here, we present the nearly complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of C. rugosus, obtained from a formalin-fixed museum specimen sampled in 1974. This sequence differs from the mitochondrial genome of C. rhinoceratus in no more than 27 positions, suggesting that the two species may be synonymous.
Development of a Frailty Index in the Irish Hip Fracture Database
Authors: Walsh Mary , Ferris Helena , Brent Louise , Ahern Emer , Coughlan Tara , Romero-Ortuno Roman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
In older people, hip fracture can lead to adverse outcomes. Frailty, capturing biological age and vulnerability to stressors, can indicate those at higher risk. We derived a frailty index (FI) in the Irish Hip Fracture Database (IHFD) and explored associations with prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS ≥ 30 days), delirium, inpatient mortality and new nursing home admission. We assessed whether the FI predicted those outcomes independently of age, sex and pre-operative American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) score.

Materials and methods
A 21-item FI was constructed with 17 dichotomous co-morbidities, three 4-level ordinal pre-morbid functional variables (difficulty with indoor mobility, outdoor mobility, and shopping) and nursing home provenance (yes/no). The FI was computed as the proportion of items present and divided into tertiles (low, medium, high risk). Independent associations between FI and outcomes were explored with logistic regression, from which we extracted adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) and Areas Under the Curve (AUC).

Results
From 2017 to 2020, the IHFD included 14,615 hip fracture admissions, mean (SD) age 80.4 (8.8), 68.9% women. Complete FI data were available for 12,502 (85.5%). By FI tertile (low to high risk), prolonged LOS proportions were 5.9%, 16.1% and 23.1%; delirium 5.5%, 13.5% and 17.6%; inpatient mortality 0.6%, 3.3% and 10.1%; and new nursing home admission 2.2%, 5.9% and 11.3%. All associations were statistically significant (p < 0.001) independently of age and sex. AUC analyses showed that the FI score, added to age, sex, and ASA score, significantly improved the prediction of delirium and new nursing home admission (p < 0.05), and especially prolonged LOS and inpatient mortality (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
A 21-item FI in the IHFD was a significant predictor of outcomes and added value to traditional risk markers. The utility of a routinely derived FI to more effectively direct limited orthogeriatric resources requires prospective investigation.
Internal auditory canal volume in normal and malformed inner ears
Authors: Bächinger David , Breitsprecher Tabita M. , Pscheidl Alexander , Dhanasingh Anandhan , Mlynski Robert , Dazert Stefan , Langner Sönke , Weiss Nora M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A narrow bony internal auditory canal (IAC) may be associated with a hypoplastic cochlear nerve and poorer hearing performances after cochlear implantation. However, definitions for a narrow IAC vary widely and commonly, qualitative grading or two-dimensional measures are used to characterize a narrow IAC. We aimed to refine the definition of a narrow IAC by determining IAC volume in both control patients and patients with inner ear malformations (IEMs).

Methods
In this multicentric study, we included high-resolution CT (HRCT) scans of 128 temporal bones (85 with IEMs: cochlear aplasia, n = 11; common cavity, n = 2; cochlear hypoplasia type, n = 19; incomplete partition type I/III, n = 8/8; Mondini malformation, n = 16; enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome, n = 19; 45 controls). The IAC diameter was measured in the axial plane and the IAC volume was measured by semi-automatic segmentation and three-dimensional reconstruction.

Results
In controls, the mean IAC diameter was 5.5 mm (SD 1.1 mm) and the mean IAC volume was 175.3 mm3 (SD 52.6 mm3). Statistically significant differences in IAC volumes were found in cochlear aplasia (68.3 mm3, p < 0.0001), IPI (107.4 mm3, p = 0.04), and IPIII (277.5 mm3, p = 0.0004 mm3). Inter-rater reliability was higher in IAC volume than in IAC diameter (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.92 vs. 0.77).

Conclusions
Volumetric measurement of IAC in cases of IEMs reduces measurement variability and may add to classifying IEMs. Since a hypoplastic IAC can be associated with a hypoplastic cochlear nerve and sensorineural hearing loss, radiologic assessment of the IAC is crucial in patients with severe sensorineural hearing loss undergoing cochlear implantation.
Perinatal Depressive Symptoms and Viral Non-suppression Among a Prospective Cohort of Pregnant Women Living with HIV in Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania
Authors: Concepcion Tessa , Velloza Jennifer , Kemp Christopher G. , Bhat Amritha , Bennett Ian M. , Rao Deepa , Polyak Christina S. , Ake Julie A. , Esber Allahna , Dear Nicole , Maswai Jonah , Owuoth John , Sing’oei Valentine , Bahemana Emmanuel , Iroezindu Michael , Kibuuka Hannah , Collins Pamela Y. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDepression is common during pregnancy and is associated with reduced adherence to HIV-related care, though little is known about perinatal trajectories of depression and viral suppression among women living with HIV (WLHV) in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to assess any association between perinatal depressive symptoms and viral non-suppression among WLWH. Depressive symptomatology and viral load data were collected every 6 months from WLWH enrolled in the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS; January 2013–February 2020). Generalized estimating equations modeled associations between depressive symptoms [Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) ≥ 16] and viral non-suppression. Of 1722 WLWH, 248 (14.4%) had at least one pregnancy (291 total) and for 61 pregnancies (21.0%), women reported depressive symptoms (13.4% pre-conception, 7.6% pregnancy, 5.5% one-year postpartum). Depressive symptomatology was associated with increased odds of viral non-suppression (aOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2–4.0, p = 0.011). Identification and treatment of depression among women with HIV may improve HIV outcomes for mothers.
Pathways to diagnosis of endometrial and ovarian cancer in the 45 and Up Study cohort
Authors: Yap Sarsha , Vassallo Amy , Goldsbury David , O’Connell Dianne L. , Brand Alison , Emery Jon , DeFazio Anna , Canfell Karen , Steinberg Julia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To determine pathways to endometrial or ovarian cancer diagnosis by comparing health service utilization between cancer cases and matched cancer-free controls, using linked health records.

Methods
From cancer registry records, we identified 238 incident endometrial and 167 ovarian cancer cases diagnosed during 2006–2013 in the Australian 45 and Up Study cohort (142,973 female participants). Each case was matched to four cancer-free controls on birthdate, sex, place of residence, smoking status, and body mass index. The use of relevant health services during the 13–18-, 7–12-, 0–6-, and 0–1-months pre-diagnosis for cases and the corresponding dates for their matched controls was determined through linkage with subsidized medical services and hospital records.

Results
Healthcare utilization diverged between women with cancer and controls in the 0–6-months, particularly 0–1 months, pre-diagnosis. In the 0–1 months, 74.8% of endometrial and 50.3% of ovarian cases visited a gynecologist/gynecological oncologist, 11.3% and 59.3% had a CA125 test, 5.5% and 48.5% an abdominal pelvic CT scan, and 34.5% and 30.5% a transvaginal pelvic ultrasound, respectively (versus ≤ 1% of matched controls). Moreover, 25.1% of ovarian cancer cases visited an emergency department in the 0–1-months pre-diagnosis (versus 1.3% of matched controls), and GP visits were significantly more common for cases than controls in this period.

Conclusion
Most women with endometrial or ovarian cancer accessed recommended specialists and tests in the 0–1-months pre-diagnosis, but a high proportion of women with ovarian cancer visited an emergency department. This reinforces the importance of timely specialist referral.
Environmental injustice among Hispanics in Santa Clara, California: a human–environment heat vulnerability assessment
Authors: Rivera Ana , Darden Joe T. , Dear Nicole , Grady Sue C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the United States, there is a growing interest in understanding heat stress in lower-income and racially isolated neighborhoods. This study spatially identifies heat-vulnerable neighborhoods, evaluates the relationship between race/ethnicity and temperature exposure, and emphasizes differences among Hispanics by origin to capture environmental injustices in Santa Clara County (SCC), CA. The current methodology uses Landsat 8 via Google Earth Engine to measure the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to assess the physical environment. The human environment is evaluated using the Modified Darden-Kamel Composite Socioeconomic Index to determine the spatial variability of socioeconomic status (SES) and the Index of Dissimilarity to determine the level of segregation between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites and among Hispanics/Latinos. The combination of these assessments comprises a comprehensive human–environment approach for health exposure evaluation by which to define environmental injustice. Results reveal socioeconomic inequalities and an uneven residential distribution between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites. Low NDVI and high LST values were found in Mexican neighborhoods, implying possible environmental racism. Almost half the Mexican population lives in highly segregated neighborhoods with low and very low SES, mainly located in East San Jose, where, historically, they have been ghettoized. Mexicans, in general, could be at a higher risk of heat stress and heat mortality during heat waves. Future work should examine additional variables (e.g., housing characteristics, crime, social cohesion, and collective behaviors) to comprehensively evaluate the at-risk Mexican population.
Comparing unconstrained parametrization methods for return covariance matrix prediction
Authors: Bucci Andrea , Ippoliti Luigi , Valentini Pasquale 
Published: October 2022

AbstractForecasting covariance matrices is a difficult task in many research fields since the predicted matrices should be at least positive semidefinite. This problem can be overcome by including constraints in the predictive model or through a parametrization of the matrices to be predicted. In this paper, we focus on the latter approach in a financial application and analyse four parametrizations of the covariance matrices of asset returns. The aim of the manuscript is to understand if the parametrizations of the covariance matrices exhibit differences in terms of predictive accuracy. To this end, we critically analyse their predictive performance through both a Monte Carlo simulation and an empirical application with daily and weekly realized covariance matrices of stock assets. Our findings highlight that the Cholesky decomposition and the parametrization recently introduced by Archakov and Hansen are the overall best-performing methods in terms of forecasting accuracy.
The Italian coal shortage: the price of import and distribution, 1861–1911
Authors: Licio Vania 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper estimates a measure of coal price for all NUTS3 Italian provinces between 1861 and 1911. Italy was a latecomer country and its late industrialization was characterized by the absence of coal in a time when the steam engine powered factory work. The new variable accounts for the main input factor of manufacturing production during that period in which the Italian economy registered a long-term growth of GDP and an increase in its industrial activity. The measure allows to speculate on the importance of coal for Italian industrialization and on the origins of the North–South divide.
Efficiency of ant-control agents in colony-level oral toxicity tests using Tetramorium tsushimae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for post-establishment control of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Sakamoto Hironori , Goka Koichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) causes serious damage worldwide as an invasive alien species. The species has expanded its range to the Pacific Rim since 2000s and Japan has faced its multiple introductions since 2017. While colony-level control methods are urgently needed, testing living colonies of the unestablished species is challenging especially due to various restrictions under the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we proposed alternative long-term toxicity assays using artificial colonies of Tetramorium tsushimae Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a Japanese native species belonging to the same subfamily (Myrmicinae) as S. invicta. We conducted an acute toxicity test to determine if T. tsushimae is a suitable substitute for S. invicta using fipronil and found the LD50 value in T. tsushimae was close to that in S. invicta. Then, we conducted the long-term toxicity test with fipronil and two insect growth regulators (pyriproxyfen and etoxazole) using artificial colonies of T. tsushimae. All workers and larvae in the fipronil-treated colonies died within 3 days of treatment initiation. Emergence of new workers was observed after 18 days in the etoxazole-treated and control colonies, but not in the pyriproxyfen-treated colonies. We concluded that fipronil was the most promising insecticide for post-establishment control, and pyriproxyfen was effective as a toxic-bait agent for colony-level control.
The second demographic transition: also a 21st century Asian challenge?
Authors: Lesthaeghe Ron J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis introduction aims at placing the unfolding sub-patterns of the Asian “Second Demographic Transition” (SDT) in a global context by contrasting them with those of societies with other than patriarchal histories. Firstly, fertility transitions to below-replacement level can be achieved as part of the first “altruistic” transition without any SDT traits being present. Secondly, Asian societies are by no means immune to genuine SDT developments, as illustrated by the emergence and spread of pre-marital cohabitation. Thirdly, the SDT cohabitation pattern is still conservative: it is followed by marriage, pregnancies result in shotgun marriages or abortions, and parenthood within consensual unions remains rare. Also divorce rates are low. But it is also argued that all Asian cases are still at the beginning of the possible SDT evolution or have barely started it, and that old ways can die off rather quickly with the succession of generations. Finally, it is shown that the cultural component, i.e. the “Willingness” condition, can act as a bottleneck slowing down the transition to a new pattern of behaviour. We therefore illustrate on a global scale how the spread of cohabitation is part of a broader ethical revolution stressing individual rather than societal discretion in matters of life and death. On the basis of these profiles we expect stronger resistance to SDT patterns of partnerhip formation in Hindu and Muslim societies.
Carbon-negative cement-bonded biochar particleboards
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhang Yuying , Labianca Claudia , Wang Lei , Ruan Shaoqin , Poon Chi Sun , Ok Yong Sik , Tsang‬ Daniel C. W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiochar from bio-waste pyrolysis presents excellent CO2 sequestration capacity. This study innovated the design of cement-bonded particleboards utilizing a substantial amount of 50–70 wt.% pre-soaked biochar to render the products carbon-negative. We investigated the roles of biochar in magnesium oxysulfate cement (MOSC) system and demonstrated good mechanical and functional properties of biochar cement particleboards. In the presence of biochar, the amounts of hydration products were enriched in the cement systems as illustrated by the thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We further incorporated supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and generated 5 Mg(OH)2⋅MgSO4·7H2O (5–1–7) phase in the MOSC system. As a result, our designs of biochar particleboards satisfied the standard requirements for flexural strength (> 5.5 MPa) and thickness swelling (< 2%). Moreover, our biochar particleboards presented a low thermal conductivity as the biochar pores disrupted thermal bridging within particleboards. We illustrated that the high dosage ratio of biochar could significantly offset the CO2 emissions of the particleboards (i.e., carbon-negative) via life cycle assessment. Noticeable economic profits could also be accomplished for the biochar particleboards. For instance, the 50BC-MOSC bonded particleboard (with 50 wt.% pre-soaked biochar as aggregate, 50 wt.% MOSC as binder) with promising mechanical properties could store 137 kg CO2 tonne−1 and yield an overall economic profit of 92 to 116 USD m−3 depending on the carbon prices in different countries. In summary, our new designs of carbon-negative biochar particleboards could curtail carbon emissions in the construction materials and promote the realization of carbon neutrality and circular economy.
Graphical Abstract
Order selection with confidence for finite mixture models
Authors: Nguyen Hien D. , Fryer Daniel , McLachlan Geoffrey J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe determination of the number of mixture components (the order) of a finite mixture model has been an enduring problem in statistical inference. We prove that the closed testing principle leads to a sequential testing procedure (STP) that allows for confidence statements to be made regarding the order of a finite mixture model. We construct finite sample tests, via data splitting and data swapping, for use in the STP, and we prove that such tests are consistent against fixed alternatives. Simulation studies and real data examples are used to demonstrate the performance of the finite sample tests-based STP, yielding practical recommendations of their use as confidence estimators in combination with point estimates such as the Akaike information or Bayesian information criteria. In addition, we demonstrate that a modification of the STP yields a method that consistently selects the order of a finite mixture model, in the asymptotic sense. Our STP is not only applicable for order selection of finite mixture models, but is also useful for making confidence statements regarding any sequence of nested models.