bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 4Rs supply chain resilience framework: A capability perspective
Authors: Dwaikat Nidal Yousef , Zighan Saad , Abualqumboz Moheeb , Alkalha Ziad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the demand and supply for many products fluctuated. Thus, many companies around the globe have repurposed their operations and reconfigured their supply chains (SCs) to switch production and produce new products. Literature provided various models and frameworks to explain the concepts of supply chain resilience. However, it remains unclear how companies could quickly and temporarily repurpose their SCs and what are the required capabilities during the COVID‐19 crisis. Therefore, this study investigates the role of developing dynamic capabilities such as manufacturing, logistics, production capacity and procurement in facilitating production changeover. Based on 36 semistructured interviews conducted with multinational corporations, the study findings demonstrate four specific capabilities known as the 4Rs: retooling, repurposing, recalibrating and reconfiguring. Hence, the study provides a conceptual framework of operational resilience to understand how production changeover could be achieved. In addition, this 4Rs framework helps decision‐makers to improve SC resilience and capabilities when facing a crisis such as COVID‐19.
Effects of urbanization on carabid beetles in an urban riparian area
Authors: Do Yuno , Choi Moon Bo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUrban rivers and riparian areas serve as corridors that move matter, organisms, and energy to urban areas from adjacent landscapes. However, anthropogenic disturbances and obstructions in river basins have severely impeded the function of many urban rivers as ecological corridors. Here, we used carabid beetles to assess the impact of urbanization on a river and its riparian areas. We identified carabid diversity and composition along an urbanization gradient. We classified 1,855 individuals in 17 species along a river. The carabid communities in riparian areas reflected critically disturbed habitats, and their composition markedly differed between the riparian areas and their adjacent habitats. Carabid beetle diversity sharply decreased with increasing urbanization. Flight capacity and feeding type varied along the urbanization gradient. Environmental variables associated with urbanization such as riparian quality and disturbance level significantly influenced carabid diversity. Land use type in increasingly urbanized areas was correlated with decreased carabid diversity and increased carabid dominance. Patch density, patch size, and interspersion metrics revealed that fragmentation and isolation influenced carabid diversity. Mitigation of disturbances and conservation of riparian microhabitats are required to improve biodiversity in riparian areas.
Second‐line lurbinectedin as a new treatment option for small‐cell lung cancer: Preliminary results in real‐clinical practice
Authors: Toublanc Anne‐Claire , Guecamburu Marina , Veillon Rémi , Rosellini Pietro , Girodet Pierre‐Olivier , Zysman Maeva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionFew strategies exist for treatment of patients with small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) extended‐stage after failure of first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy. Lurbinectedin is a novel RNA‐polymerase‐II inhibitor investigated as a second‐line therapy for SCLC. However, its efficacy and safety profile in real clinical practice remain to be determined.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy and safety of lurbinectedin in real‐life among patients with SCLC previously treated with first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated patients who received at least one dose of lurbinectedin (3.2 mg/m2) between March 2020 and November 2021, in the pulmonary department of Bordeaux University Hospital. Endpoints were time to treatment discontinuation, progression‐free survival, overall survival, and safety profile.ResultsThirteen patients were included. The median age was 60 years (range: 42–77), seven (54%) were females, nine (69%) having a performance status of 0–1. Lurbinectedin was given as second‐line treatment before platinum rechallenge in four (31%) patients. After a mean follow‐up of 4.1 months, the objective response rate (ORR) was 17%. The median time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) was 2.3 months (interquartile range [IQR], 1.2–3.6). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were, respectively, 1.9 (IQR, 0.1.8) and 4.1 (IQR, 2.0–3.5) months. No significant difference regarding TTD, PFS or OS was found in the two groups according to treatment history or according to chemotherapy‐free intervall (CMI) 〈1 or 〉1 month. The most common adverse events (AEs) were asthenia, nausea, and anemia in nine (70%) patients. Grade 3 AEs were reported, fatigue, vomiting, nausea, anorexia, and neutropenia.ConclusionsLurbinectedin in real clinical practice could have had a lower efficacy than in phase II trial, but a better hematological and bioclinical tolerance than previously reported. Early relapse after platinum‐based chemotherapy seems to have a lower response to lurbinectedin.
Prognostic value of systemic inflammatory markers and the nutrition status in thymic epithelial tumors with complete resection
Authors: Sakane Tadashi , Okuda Katsuhiro , Matsui Takuya , Oda Risa , Tatematsu Tsutomu , Yokota Keisuke , Nakanishi Ryoichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that several systemic inflammatory markers and the nutrition status, including the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), are useful prognostic factors in several malignant tumors. The present study explored the prognostic value of the NLR, MLR, PLR, and PNI in thymic epithelial tumor (TET) patients who underwent complete resection.MethodsA total of 158 TET patients who underwent complete resection were involved in the analysis. Their NLR, MLR, PLR, and PNI values were obtained from a blood examination within one month before the initiation of treatment. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to determine the optimal cutoff values.ResultsThe enrolled patients were stratified by cutoffs of 4.35 for the NLR, 0.22 for the MLR, 130.18 for the PLR, and 44.02 for the PNI. A univariate analysis revealed that high‐grade malignant TET, including type B2 and B3 thymoma, thymic carcinoma, and thymic neuroendocrine tumor; an advanced Masaoka stage; a high NLR; a high MLR; and a low PNI were significant predictors of a poor disease‐free survival (DFS). A multivariate analysis confirmed that an advanced Masaoka stage (HR = 5.5557, p = 0.0007) and a high MLR (HR = 3.3371, p = 0.0264) were independent predictors of a poor DFS.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that the pretreatment MLR was an independent predictor of the DFS in patients with TETs who underwent complete resection.
Management Faultlines and Management Forecasts*
Authors: Liu Xiaotao Kelvin , Van Peteghem Mathijs 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTWe examine whether management faultlines (i.e., dissimilar groupings among executives) are related to management forecast processes and outcomes. Management faultlines are formed based on the simultaneous alignment of senior executives' demographic characteristics (e.g., an MBA background, elite school education, gender, board experience, age, or tenure). We argue that management faultlines impede information sharing, create conflicts, and divert managerial attention away from common‐goal tasks. We hypothesize and find that management faultlines are associated with lower management forecast quality. Furthermore, the faultline effect is more pronounced when forecasting difficulty is high. In contrast, the faultline effect is mitigated when a firm nurtures a supportive and diverse workplace. In addition, we find that management forecast propensity and frequency are negatively associated with management faultlines. Overall, our findings suggest that management faultlines compromise management forecast processes and outcomes. In particular, since faultlines can arise as a company diversifies, boards should be aware of these unintended consequences and how they can be mitigated.
Partitioning the temporal changes in abundance‐based beta diversity into loss and gain components
Authors: Tatsumi Shinichi , Iritani Ryosuke , Cadotte Marc W. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Ecologists have long recognized that the losses and gains in local species abundances can either decrease or increase spatial beta diversity, phenomena often referred to as biotic homogenization and differentiation, respectively. However, quantifying such dynamic impacts of species abundances on beta diversity has remained a methodological challenge.

Here, we develop a numerical method to additively partition the temporal changes in beta diversity into distinct components that reflect the losses and gains in local species abundances. Our method is based on Ružička and Bray–Curtis indices and the normalized abundance‐based Whittaker's beta diversity. The temporal changes in these measures are partitioned into components that represent biotic homogenization and differentiation driven by abundance losses and gains at both species and community levels.

Application of the method to a Swedish fish community dataset revealed decreases in beta diversity between 1990 and 2018. The homogenization of fish communities was explained by gains, but not losses, in species abundances across sites. Species‐level partitioning further showed that the homogenization was largely caused by the increased population sizes of a particular species in sites where it was already present.

The results highlight that our partitioning method effectively identifies local population and community processes embedded in regional biodiversity patterns. We believe that explicit analyses of the losses and gains in species abundances should bring deeper insights into the dynamics of beta diversity.
Opportunities and risks in the use of drones for studying animal behaviour
Authors: Schad Lukas , Fischer Julia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

In the last decade, drones have become an affordable technology offering highly mobile aerial platforms that can carry a range of sensory equipment into hitherto uncharted areas. Drones have thus become a widely applicable tool for surveying animal populations and habitats to assist conservation efforts or to study the behavioural ecology of species by monitoring individual and group behaviour.

Here, we review current applications for drone surveys and the potential of recently developed computer algorithms for automatic species detection and individual tracking in drone footage. We further review which factors are reportedly associated with animal disturbance during drone presentations and how drones may be used to study anti‐predator behaviour.

Drone surveys of species and their environments allow scientists to create digital terrain models of habitats, estimate species abundance, monitor individual behaviour and study the composition, spatial organization and movement of groups. As drones can influence the behaviour of many bird and mammal species directly, they also provide an experimental tool to study animal responses to novel situations, including the drone itself.

We conclude that the combined use of drones and automated detection software can assist population estimates and opens new possibilities to study individual and collective behaviour. With regard to drone‐related disturbance and their potential use as predator models, we recommend to interpret results against the background of population‐specific predation pressure and sources of anthropogenic disturbance.
The effects of wheat‐pea mixed intercropping on biocontrol potential of generalist predators in a long‐term experimental trial
Authors: Puliga Giovanni Antonio , Arlotti Donatienne , Dauber Jens 
Published: June 2022

AbstractArthropod generalist predators can be effective natural control agents of pests and weeds in agroecosystems. Their activity and contribution to biocontrol may increase in response to more complex agricultural habitats. In this study, we investigated the effects of winter wheat‐pea mixed intercropping on the biocontrol potential of generalist predators compared with the respective mono‐crops. We evaluated not only the effects during the intercropping season but also the pre‐crop values of the mixture for the subsequent barley crop. Furthermore, we evaluated the influence of different long‐term soil organic carbon and fertility management regimes on activity and biocontrol potential of predators. Field work was conducted over two seasons in a field experiment located in Gembloux, Belgium. A set of proxies for ecosystem functions were measured using the Rapid Ecosystem Function Assessment approach. We measured attack and predation rates of sentinel prey and weed seeds artificially placed in the field. Furthermore, we assessed activity density of the main groups of generalist predators during the exposure of the baits. Our results showed that crop type affected activity and biocontrol potential of predators. Predation rates were much lower in wheat than pea and wheat‐pea. The mixture wheat‐pea had a positive effect on predator activity density compared to wheat mono‐crop, while pea supported an intermediate activity of epigeal predators. In the second season of the field work, we found the highest biocontrol potential by predators in barley plots cultivated after pea. Finally, our results failed to find any differences in biocontrol potential of predators between long‐term soil organic carbon and fertilisation management strategies. These results suggest that crop type has a major relevance in influencing the activity of generalist predators, and the mixed intercropping wheat‐pea may represent a valid strategy to enhance biological pest control in comparison to wheat cultivated as mono‐crop. Furthermore, we show that the cultivation of pea as mono‐crop may have an important pre‐crop value within the rotation increasing the provision of ecosystem services such as biocontrol.
Melatonin regulates proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of trophoblasts in preeclampsia by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Zhou Chufan , Ding Yiling , Yu Ling , Nie Yanting , Yang Mengyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsClinical evidence indicated the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE), and the regulatory role of melatonin (MT) in ERS. This study aims to explore the possible effect and mechanism of MT on ERS and on the infiltration of trophoblasts in PE.MethodsThe serum expression levels of MT and GRP78 in pregnant women with PE were measured. The cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of trophoblasts were also determined. The trophoblast cell infiltration in placenta tissues was detected in EVOS image system. The expressions of ERS related proteins were measured by RT‐qPCR and western blot.Key resultsThe PE‐serum treatment on HTR‐8/SVneo cells led to activated ERS and suppressed cell biological functions. PE mouse models after MT treatment or 4‐PBA treatment had reduced blood pressure, proteinuria, apoptosis and increased foetus and placenta weight, in addition to enhanced cell infiltration.ConclusionsIn vivo and in vitro evidence demonstrated MT can simultaneously suppress ERS and ASK1/JNK signal pathway in PE to promote the infiltration of trophoblasts.
A critical role of the podocyte cytoskeleton in the pathogenesis of glomerular proteinuria and autoimmune podocytopathies
Authors: Ye Qing , Lan Bing , Liu Huihui , Persson Pontus B. , Lai En Yin , Mao Jianhua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSelective glomerular filtration relies on the membrane separating the glomerular arterioles from the Bowman space. As a major component of the glomerular filtration barrier, podocytes form foot processes by the actin cytoskeleton, which dynamically adjusts in response to environmental changes to maintain filtration barrier integrity. The slit diaphragms bridge the filtration slits between neighboring foot processes and act as signaling hubs interacting with the actin cytoskeleton. Focal adhesions relay signals to regulate actin dynamics while allowing podocyte adherence to the basement membrane. Mutations in actin regulatory and signaling proteins may disrupt the actin cytoskeleton, resulting in foot process retraction, effacement, and proteinuria. Large‐scale gene expression profiling platforms, transgenic animal models, and other in vivo gene delivery methods now enhance our understanding of the interactions among podocyte focal adhesions, slit diaphragms, and actin dynamics. In addition, our team found that at least 66% of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) children have podocyte autoantibodies, which was defined as a new disease subgroup‐, autoimmune podocytopathies. This review outlines the pathophysiological mechanisms of podocyte cytoskeleton protein interactions in proteinuria and glomerular podocytopathy.
Salivary microbiota composition may discriminate between patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) and non‐EoE subjects
Authors: Facchin Sonia , Calgaro Matteo , Pandolfo Mattia , Caldart Federico , Ghisa Matteo , Greco Eliana , Sattin Eleonora , Valle Giorgio , Dellon Evan S. , Vitulo Nicola , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundData on the role of the microbiome in adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) are limited.AimsTo prospectively collect and characterise the salivary, oesophageal and gastric microbiome in patients with EoE, further correlating the findings with disease activity.MethodsAdult patients with symptoms of oesophageal dysfunction undergoing upper endoscopy were consecutively enrolled. Patients were classified as EoE patients, in case of more than 15 eosinophils per high‐power field, or non‐EoE controls, in case of lack of eosinophilic infiltration. Before and during endoscopy, saliva, oesophageal and gastric fundus biopsies were collected. Microbiota assessment was performed by 16 s rRNA analysis. A Sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS‐DA) was implemented to identify biomarkers.ResultsSaliva samples were collected from 29 EoE patients and 20 non‐EoE controls;, biopsies from 25 EoE and 5 non‐EoE controls. In saliva samples, 23 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were positively associated with EoE and 27 ASVs with controls, making it possible to discriminate between EoE and non‐EoE patients with a classification error (CE) of 24%. In a validation cohort, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of this model were 78.6%, 80%, 75%, 80% and 60%, respectively. Moreover, the analysis of oesophageal microbiota samples observed a clear microbial pattern able to discriminate between active and inactive EoE (CE = 8%).ConclusionOur preliminary data suggest that salivary metabarcoding analysis in combination with machine learning approaches could become a valid, cheap, non‐invasive test to segregate between EoE and non‐EoE patients.
Oncological outcomes following minimally invasive surgery for pathological N2M0 colorectal cancer: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Sueda Toshinori , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Mori Soichiro , Nishida Kentaro , Yoshikawa Yukihiro , Nomura Masatoshi , Matsumura Tae , Koga Chikato , Miyagaki Hiromichi , Tsujie Masanori , Akamaru Yusuke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhether minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is safe and effective for patients with N2M0 colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. This study aimed to compare short‐ and long‐term outcomes between MIS and open surgery (Open) groups for patients with pathological (p)N2M0 CRC, and evaluate the oncological outcomes of MIS for pN2M0 CRC.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 125 consecutive patients with pN2M0 CRC who underwent curative surgery between 2010 and 2017, using propensity score‐matching (PSM) analysis.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 59.4 months. After PSM, we enrolled 68 patients (n = 34 in each group). The conversion rate was 9.6% for the entire patient cohort and 5.9% for the matched cohort. In colon cancer (CC), short‐term outcomes were similar between groups. On the other hand, in rectal cancer (RC), estimated blood loss, rate of anastomosis leakage, and length of postsurgical stay were lower in the MIS group than the Open group. R0 resection was achieved in all patients with MIS. No surgical mortality was encountered in any group. No significant differences were found between groups in terms of 3‐year local recurrence rate, overall survival, cancer‐specific survival, or recurrence‐free survival among the entire patient cohort or the matched cohort, regardless of the primary tumor site (CC or RC). Surgical approach (MIS vs Open) had no significant influence on survival outcomes.ConclusionsMIS is a safe and effective option for patients with pN2M0 CRC, with acceptable short‐ and long‐term outcomes comparable to the open approach. MIS can be considered for patients with pN2M0 CRC.
Old age amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and limbic TDP‐43 pathology
Authors: Murakami Aya , Koga Shunsuke , Sekiya Hiroaki , Oskarsson Björn , Boylan Kevin , Petrucelli Leonard , Josephs Keith A. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to assess and compare the burden of transactive response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) pathology and clinical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in three age groups. All cases were from the Mayo Clinic brain bank for neurodegenerative disorders and most were followed longitudinally in the ALS Clinic. Cases with moderate‐to‐severe Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change were excluded. The 55 cases included in the study were divided into three groups by age at death: 75 years or older (old‐ALS, n = 8), 64–74 years (middle‐ALS, n = 23), and 63 years or younger (young‐ALS, n = 24). Clinical features, including disease duration, initial symptoms, and ALS Cognitive Behavior Score (ALS‐CBS), were summarized. Sections of paraffin‐embedded tissue from the motor cortex, basal forebrain, medial temporal lobe, and middle frontal gyrus were processed for phospho‐TDP‐43 immunohistochemistry. The burden of TDP‐43 pathology was analyzed using digital image analysis. The TDP‐43 burden in the limbic system (i.e., amygdala, dentate gyrus and CA1 sector of the hippocampus, subiculum, and entorhinal cortex) was greater in old‐ALS than in young‐ALS and middle‐ALS. TDP‐43 burden in the middle frontal gyrus was sparse and did not differ between the three groups. The average of ALS‐CBS was not different between the three groups. The present study shows that the amygdala and hippocampus are vulnerable to TDP‐43 pathology in older patients with ALS. We discuss the evidence for and against this pathology being related to concurrent limbic‐predominant, age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change.