bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought stress impact on the performance of deep convolutional neural networks for weed detection in Bahiagrass
Authors: Zhuang Jiayao , Jin Xiaojun , Chen Yong , Meng Wenting , Wang Yundi , Yu Jialin , Muthukumar Bagavathiannan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMachine vision‐based weed detection relies on features such as plant colour, leaf texture, shape, and patterns. Drought stress in plants can alter leaf colour and morphological features, which may in turn affect the reliability of machine vision‐based weed detection. The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of using deep convolutional neural networks for the detection of Florida pusley (Richardia scabra L.) growing in drought stressed and unstressed bahiagrass (Paspalum natatum Flugge). The object detection neural networks you only look once (YOLO)v3, faster region‐based convolutional network (Faster R‐CNN), and variable filter net (VFNet) failed to effectively detect Florida pusley growing in drought stressed or unstressed bahiagrass, with F1 scores ≤0.54 in the testing dataset. Nevertheless, the use of the image classification neural networks AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and Visual Geometry Group‐Network (VGGNet) was highly effective and achieved high (≥0.97) F1 scores and recall values (≥0.98) in detecting images containing Florida pusley growing in drought stressed or unstressed bahiagrass. Overall, these results demonstrated the effectiveness of using an image classification convolutional neural network for detecting Florida pusley in drought stressed or unstressed bahiagrass. These findings illustrate the broad applicability of these neural networks for weed detection.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the prognostic impact of lymph node micrometastasis and isolated tumour cells in patients with stage I–IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hüyük Melek , Fiocco Marta , Postmus Pieter E , Cohen Danielle , von der Thüsen Jan H 
Published: October 2022

Lymph node micrometastases could be one of the reasons for the high recurrence rate after complete surgical resection in stage I–IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The standard evaluation of a single haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slide of a paraffin‐embedded section of a lymph node is insufficient for the detection of micrometastases, and there is a need for additional histopathological evaluation. The association of lymph node micrometastases with survival remains as yet unresolved. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to investigate if lymph node micrometastases and isolated tumour cells in patients with stage I–IIIA NSCLC, detected with multiple sectioning and/or immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), are associated with overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) after surgical resection. We performed a meta‐analysis of time‐to‐event outcomes based on 15 articles using ancillary techniques to detect micrometastases. We extracted the OS and DFS every 3–6 months after surgery, for patients with and without occult lymph node micrometastasis, from the survival curves published in each article. These data were used to reconstruct OS and DFS for ‘micrometastasis’ and ‘no micrometastasis’ groups. Based on all included studies that used IHC, serial sectioning, or RT‐PCR, we found a 5‐year OS of 55% (micrometastasis) vs. 75% (no micrometastasis), and a 5‐year DFS of 53% (micrometastasis) vs. 75% (no micrometastasis). Patients with stage I–IIIA NSCLC with lymph node micrometastases detected by ancillary histopathological and molecular techniques have a significantly poorer OS and DFS compared to patients without lymph node micrometastases.
The effect of COVID‐19 on development of hair and nail disorders: a Turkish multicenter, controlled study
Authors: Kutlu Ömer , Demircan Yuhanize Taş , Yıldız Kenan , Kalkan Gӧknur , Demirseren Duriye Deniz , An İsa , Oba Muazzez Çiğdem , Emre Selma , Şenel Engin , Bilgili Serap Güneş , Savaş Sevil Erdoğan , Aktürk Aysun Şikar , Türkmen Dursun , Çakmak Seray Külcü , Kulaklı Sevgi , Demirbaş Abdullah , Altunışık Nihal , Coşansu Nur Cihan , Aksoy Güneş Gur , Tosun Mustafa , Kurt Birgül Özkesici , Şentürk Nilgün , Şener Serpil , Özden Hatice Kaya , Temiz Selami Aykut , Atak Mehmet Fatih , Süslü Hülya , Oğuz Işil Deniz , Kılıç Sevilay , Ustaoğlu Eda , Topal İlteriş Oğuz , Akbulut Tuğba Özkök , Korkmaz İbrahim , Kılıç Arzu , Hızlı Pelin , Küçük Özlem Su , Çaytemel Ceyda , Kara Rabia Öztaş , Koska Mahmut Can , Tatar Kübra , Dikicier Bahar Sevimli , Ağırgöl Şenay , Akşan Burak , Karadağ Ayşe Serap 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundA broad spectrum of skin diseases, including hair and nails, can be directly or indirectly triggered by COVID‐19. It is aimed to examine the type and frequency of hair and nail disorders after COVID‐19 infection.MethodsThis is a multicenter study conducted on consecutive 2171 post‐COVID‐19 patients. Patients who developed hair and nail disorders and did not develop hair and nail disorders were recruited as subject and control groups. The type and frequency of hair and nail disorders were examined.ResultsThe rate of the previous admission in hospital due to COVID‐19 was statistically significantly more common in patients who developed hair loss after getting infected with COVID‐19 (P < 0.001). Telogen effluvium (85%) was the most common hair loss type followed by worsening of androgenetic alopecia (7%) after COVID‐19 infection. The mean stress scores during and after getting infected with COVID‐19 were 6.88 ± 2.77 and 3.64 ± 3.04, respectively, in the hair loss group and were 5.77 ± 3.18 and 2.81 ± 2.84, respectively, in the control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). The frequency of recurrent COVID‐19 was statistically significantly higher in men with severe androgenetic alopecia (Grades 4–7 HNS) (P = 0.012; Odds ratio: 2.931 [1.222–7.027]).The most common nail disorders were leukonychia, onycholysis, Beau's lines, onychomadesis, and onychoschisis, respectively. The symptoms of COVID‐19 were statistically significantly more common in patients having nail disorders after getting infected with COVID‐19 when compared to the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe development of both nail and hair disorders after COVID‐19 seems to be related to a history of severe COVID‐19.
Biochemical composition, protein quality and amino acid profile of red‐toothed triggerfish (Odonus niger), an underutilised fish
Authors: Suyani Nitin Kanji , Rajesh Mridula , Mohan Chitradurga Obaiah , Rajesh Kothanahally Mallegowda , Siddaiah Siddappaji 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe present study aims to assess the seasonal and sex‐wise variations in proximate composition, amino acid profile and protein quality of Odonus niger, which will be the first report for this species. High‐protein (15.15%–20.05%) and low‐fat contents (0.46%–1.94%) were observed for the species studied. The highest protein was observed in September and December for male and female fishes respectively. The total essential amino acid (TEAA) content was 58.65–77.41 mg g−1 (males) and 60.25–77.38 mg g−1 (females) and leucine was the predominant EAA in both the sexes. The EAA index and biological value ranged between 17.50–22.56 and 7.38–12.89 for males and 18.02–22.48 and 7.94–12.80 for female fishes respectively. In male, TEAA followed Sept>Jan > Dec > Aug > Oct > Nov and in female it was Oct > Sept>Dec > Nov > Aug > Jan. The chemical score for histidine and threonine was more than the FAO recommended values. Overall, the nutritional quality of this unconventional species proved very good and comparable with other commercially important lean fishes.
Living Well Together Online: Digital Wellbeing from a Confucian Perspective
Authors: Dennis Matthew , Ziliotti Elena 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe impact of social media technologies (SMTs) on digital wellbeing has become an increasingly important puzzle for ethicists of technology. In this article, we explain why individualised theories of digital wellbeing (DWB) can only solve part of this puzzle. While an individualised conception of DWB is useful for understanding online self‐regulation, we contend that we must seek greater understanding of how SMTs connect us. To build an account of this, we locate the conceptual resources for our account in Confucian ethics. In contrast to individualised conceptions of human flourishing that are found in the Western tradition, Confucian thinkers strongly emphasise that individuals cannot flourish alone, but need wider social structures (partner, family, society, nation). Not only do strands of Confucian ethics explain how individuals are defined by the roles they take up in relationships, but this perspective also makes practical suggestions for how these roles can be cultivated. We conclude our article by identifying the Confucian notions that seem to have most promise for the future design of SMTs.
Identifying cancer cell‐secreted proteins that activate cancer‐associated fibroblasts as prognostic factors for patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Luo Qiankun , Liu Jiayin , Fu Qiang , Zhang Xu , Yu Pengfei , Liu Pan , Zhang Jiali , Tian Huiyuan , Chen Song , Zhang Hongwei , Qin Tao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are activated by cancer cells and construct a risk model to predict the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) after surgery. Pancreatic stellate cells were isolated from human pancreatic tissue and co‐cultured with cancer cells to verify their crosstalk. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect proteins secreted by cancer cells. The online tools Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, UALCAN, and the Human Protein Atlas were used to analyse gene expression in PC. Expression data from the cancer genome atlas and the clinical samples were used to develop a training receiver operating characteristic (ROC) model and an external validation ROC model, respectively. We identified that cancer cells promote the activation of inflammatory CAFs (iCAF) through secretory proteins, which promote PC metastasis. Six candidate proteins secreted by cancer cells were identified which promote iCAF formation. These proteins were highly expressed in tumours and were associated with a poor prognosis in patients with PC. Moreover, a 6‐gene model was constructed to predict death risk in patients at 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery. The training areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year death risks were 0.780, 0.792 and 0. 825, respectively. The externally validated AUC of death at 3 years post‐surgery was 0.728. In conclusion, cancer cell‐secreted proteins play a vital role in iCAF formation, and the 6‐gene model may be a potential marker for predicting whether PC patients will benefit from surgery.
Association of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor use and risk of pancreatic cancer in individuals with diabetes in Japan
Authors: Kubota Sodai , Haraguchi Takuya , Kuwata Hitoshi , Seino Yusuke , Murotani Kenta , Tajima Takumi , Terashima Gen , Kaneko Makiko , Takahashi Yoshihiro , Takao Ken , Kato Takehiro , Shide Kenichiro , Imai Saeko , Suzuki Atsushi , Terauchi Yasuo , Yamada Yuichiro , Seino Yutaka , Yabe Daisuke 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThis study was designed and carried out to investigate the association of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP‐4i) use with pancreatic cancer (PC) in individuals with diabetes in Japan.Materials and MethodsThe JMDC Claims Database, which contains the medical and prescription information of Japanese employment‐based health insurance programs, was used. The primary outcome was duration to the first occurrence of PC (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision code C25), both all and hospitalized, from prescription of DPP‐4is or other oral glucose‐lowering agents (GLAs).ResultsIndividuals with diabetes who received DPP‐4is (n = 61,430) or other oral GLAs (n = 83,304) were analyzed. Follow‐up periods (median [interquartile range]) were 17 months (8–33) for DPP‐4is and 14 months (7–28) for other oral GLAs. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis to determine the duration of first use of DPP4i or other oral GLA to diagnosis of PC disclosed no differences between the two groups in duration to all or hospitalized PC (log‐rank test: all, P = 0.7140; hospitalized, P = 0.3446). Cox proportional hazards models showed that use of DPP‐4is did not affect the PC risk adjusted for medications, age, sex and risk comorbidities (all, hazard ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.8–1.3, P = 0.6518; hospitalized, hazard ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.8–1.4, P = 0.6662). Similar results were obtained when individuals with ≥2 years oral GLA treatment and those with medical checkup data (e.g., smoking or drinking habit) available were analyzed.ConclusionThis database study shows that there is not a significant PC risk due to DPP‐4i treatment in individuals with diabetes in Japan, but larger studies with longer follow up are required to confirm these findings.
A Prudential Paradox: The Signal in (Not) Restricting Bank Dividends
Authors: GÜNTAY LEVENT , JACEWITZ STEFAN , POGACH JONATHAN 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBy restricting dividends in the weakest banks, prudential regulators counterintuitively induce more capital payouts in marginal banks. The potential for bank runs exacerbates the incentive to signal strength through dividend payments. Regulatory restrictions on those payments can be used to achieve the first‐best outcome, but only if the prevailing capital requirements are sufficiently high. In a crisis, the optimal dividend policy is more restrictive, since it allows the weak but solvent banks to pool with the strong. Finally, we show that the optimal release of regulatory bank information depends critically on the regulator's information and dividend restriction policies.
A perspective of fluorescence microscopy for cellular structural biology with EGFR as witness
Authors: Martin‐Fernandez M. L. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a poster child for the understanding of receptor behaviour, and of paramount importance to cell function and human health. Cloned almost forty years ago, the interest in EGFR's structure/function relationships remains unabated, not least because changes in oncogenic EGFR mutants are key drivers of the formation of lung and brain tumours. The structure of the assemblies formed by EGFR have been comprehensibly investigated by techniques such as high‐resolution X‐ray crystallography, NMR and all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, the complexity embedded in the portfolio of EGFR states that are only possible in the physiological environment of cells has often proved refractory to cell‐free structural methods. Conversely, some key inroads made by quantitative fluorescence microscopy and super‐resolution have depended on exploiting the wealth of structures available. Here, a brief personal perspective is provided on how quantitative fluorescence microscopy and super‐resolution methods have cross‐fertilised with cell‐free‐derived EGFR structural information. I primarily discuss areas in which my research group has made a contribution to fill gaps in EGFR's cellular structural biology and towards developing new tools to investigate macromolecular assemblies in cells.
The perceived effects of COVID‐19 while living with a chronic illness
Authors: Ryder Mary , Guerin Suzanne , Forde Rita , Lowe Grainne , Jaarsma Tiny , O'Neill Madeline , Halley Carmel , Connolly Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionA diagnosis of chronic illness posed a serious threat to people during the recent COVID‐19 pandemic. People with chronic illnesses were faced with increased mortality and reduced access to healthcare. Self‐care is the process of maintaining health and managing a chronic illness. Nurses working in specialist services provide healthcare education to people with chronic illnesses. Access to these nurses was decreased during periods of the COVID‐19 virus escalation due to the reconfiguration of services and redeployment of nurses. The purpose of the research was to learn from the experiences of people with a chronic illnesses in self‐care behaviors and accessing altered healthcare services to inform future practices.DesignA population survey design.MethodsA mixed methods survey was designed, combining validated questionnaires and scales with open‐ended questions. A convenience sample was utilized via using social media platforms. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Content analysis was used to analyze open‐ended responses.ResultsThere were 147 responses, with approximately half reporting no changes in face‐to‐face healthcare contact, 41% reporting decreased contacts and 12% increased contacts. Non‐face‐to‐face contacts were reduced by almost 9%, did not change by almost 60%, while 33% indicated an increase. Participants reported mixed perceptions in contact with healthcare providers during restrictions. In the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care and the Self‐Care of Chronic Illness scales, participants scored statistically lower scores than in previous studies. Participants indicated that public health restrictions negatively impacted their confidence, created challenges with re‐engaging and that access to care was more difficult.ConclusionThis research highlights the importance of providing continued support to people with chronic illness irrespective of other challenges to healthcare services. A structured approach to virtual self‐care education is required.Clinical relevanceThis research concluded that the experience of access to one healthcare professional as opposed to diverse multidisciplinary input was similar for a number of chronic illnesses groups of people during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There was an altered dynamic of virtual contacts with healthcare providers and a lack of confidence interpreting what monitoring was required by people with a chronic illnesses due to a lack of preparedness for virtual healthcare delivery.
Essential agriculture, sacrificial labor, and the COVID‐19 pandemic in the US South
Authors: Keegan Caroline 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs farmworkers were reframed as “essential” workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic, US growers demanded unfettered access to foreign farm labor. After initially announcing a freeze on all immigration processing, the Trump administration bowed to farmers' demands, granting a single exception for agricultural guestworkers under the H‐2A visa program. Through a focus on H‐2A farmworkers in Georgia, this paper highlights how the pandemic exacerbated farm labor conditions in the US South. The author interrogates these conditions through the lens of racial capitalism, exposing the legacies of plantation political economies and a longstanding agricultural labor system premised on devaluing racialized labor. These histories are obscured by the myth of agricultural exceptionalism—the idea that agriculture is too different and important to be subject to the same rules and regulations as other industries. Agricultural exceptionalism naturalizes the racial capitalist system and informs state responses that privilege agricultural production through the exploitation of farmworkers, remaking “essential” farmworkers as sacrificial labor.
A typology of Jordanian consumers after Covid‐19: The rational, the suspicious, and the cautious consumer
Authors: Obeidat Zaid , Obeidat Mohammad Ibrahim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study presents a detailed typology of Jordanian consumers that identifies the effects of Covid‐19 on their personal, social, and purchase and consumption patterns following the pandemic. Based on a qualitative approach using a sample of Jordanian consumers (N = 71), this study identifies three main types of consumers: the rational, suspicious, and cautious. All were distinguished by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral differences: the rational consumers viewed the pandemic as a natural occurrence, were willing to vaccinate, and took the opportunity to improve their lives and consumption behavior; the suspicious consumers viewed the pandemic as a man‐made virus and refused to rationalize their behaviors and follow the social‐distancing rules or vaccinate; and the cautious consumers were generally somewhere in between, and while they improved some aspects of their consumption, social, and personal lives, other aspects either remained the same or worsened. The findings have implications for managers and governmental bodies.
The influence of intensive care unit culture and environment on nurse decision‐making when managing vasoactive medications: A qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Hunter Stephanie , Considine Julie , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundNurses working in intensive care units make autonomous decisions to manage high‐risk vasoactive medications in critically ill patients. Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) is a vasoactive medication commonly administered to patients in intensive care units. The influence of unit culture and environment on nurse‐decision‐making on noradrenaline (norepinephrine) management is unknown.AimsThe study aimed to investigate nurses’ perceptions of the impact of interpersonal interactions, socialisation, and the intensive care environment on decision‐making when managing noradrenaline (norepinephrine).Materials & MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study applied thematic analysis to focus group data. A purposive sample of nineteen nurses participated in four focus groups at two intensive care units in Melbourne, Australia, from March to June 2021. The COREQ checklist was used to guide study development and no patients or members of the public were involved in focus groups.ResultsThree themes were generated from the researcher's interaction with data, Nursing and Medications; Culture and Decision‐making; and a Safe Practice Environment. Nurses reported decision‐making challenges associated with learning to manage noradrenaline (norepinephrine) early in their intensive care career and discussed feelings of isolation due to staffing resources, and the configuration of the intensive care environment. Nurses developed titration and weaning strategies to support decision‐making in the absence of evidence‐based algorithms.DiscussionEmpathetic patient allocation early in nurses’ intensive care careers facilitated a safer learning environment, and reduced isolation inherent in single room intensive care units. Nurses developed and used titration and weaning strategies, often learnt from other clinicians to manage practice uncertainty.ConclusionsManagement of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) is core business for intensive care nurses worldwide. Development of titration and weaning strategies by nurses indicated unmet need for guidelines to support decision‐making. Identifying contextual elements that impact nurse management of high‐risk medications can guide development of environments, resources and policies that support nurse decision‐making, and reduce nurse anxiety and disempowerment.