bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Software testing with performance profiles clustering using unsupervised learning
Authors: Montes Vitor Silva , Braga Diego , Durães Thiago de Jesus Oliveira , Delbem Alexandre Claudio , Souza Simone Senger , Souza Paulo Sergio Lopes 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The functional testing technique has been widely applied to reveal unknown faults in the software caused by programmer mistakes. Nevertheless, in autonomous data processing systems with highly variable inputs and outputs, such as embedded applications, data streams, and machine learning algorithms, the non-functional testing helps to reveal unknown-nontrivial faults in the deployment of software products. This paper addresses the detection of unknown code-faults by employing performance analysis as a nonfunctional requirement without predefined test cases, test oracles, or source-code analyses. The premise is that codefaults change demands for hardware resources during software execution, and a novel testing methodology can automatically detect them. This paper proposes the Tricorder testing methodology for automating workload characterization and detecting potential performance anomalies, caused by code-faults in autonomous data processing systems. Tricorder evaluates the performance profiles of hardware regarding the detection of the source code-faults. DAMICORE, a non-parametric multipurpose clustering methodology, enables Tricorder to group performance profiles of the software under testing and identify performance anomalies using non-parametric data in unsupervised learning based on Normalized Compression Distance (NCD). Tricorder reveals unknown source code faults, with no specialist to determine standards for input and output data, previous models inherent to architecture, test case creation, or workload characterization. We evaluate the capability of Tricorder in revealing faults through experiments based on three benchmarks: cryptography system, machine learning algorithm, and data stream processing server. Tricorder detects faults even under various workloads for different applications in our experiments. Tricorder helps the maintenance phase of the software development life cycle, providing additional information regarding the proper functioning of the application release before and after the updating process. This work contributes to the cost reduction of regression testing during the maintenance phase of autonomous data processing applications and can be used as a complementary testing technique.
Spike propagation by synchronization and vibrational resonance in feedforward Izhikevich neural network
Authors: Ge Mengyan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Multilayer feed − forward neuron networks (FFNs) are the basis of various machine learnings, in which the propagation of neural firing rates with respect to synchronization and vibrational resonance (VR) under white Gaussian noise and high − frequency stimulation (HFS) is important. In this study, the influences of HFS and noise on propagation about synchronous firing rate and the VR are investigated in different kinds of Izhikevich neural FFN. For ten layers excitatory Izhikevich neuron network, it is shown that synchronous firing rates appear gradually and the diverse noise intensities, synaptic weights and time constants take effects on the propagation of synchronous discharge rates. For four layers excitatory FFN, it is observed that the systemic output rates keep smaller than zero, and carries no information of weak signal by using small HFS. The VR phenomenon occurs, when the input of weak low frequency signal (LFS) and signal output keep well phase synchronization, and the LFS is amplified by increasing amplitude of HFS. In the excitatory − inhibition neural multilayer FFN, the propagation by synchronous firing rates is not well, and few inhibition neurons are keep excited. In the systemic output, the synchronization phenomenon can be observed, but not as good as in excitatory neural FFN.
A SFBEM-FEM coupling method for solving crack problems based on Erdogan fundamental solutions
Authors: Su Cheng , Cai Kemin , Xu Zhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The boundary element method (BEM) has proven to be an efficient approach for crack analysis in fracture mechanics, while its versatility in application to crack problems of complex structures with irregular boundaries deserves further attention. In this study, to improve the applicability to complex crack analysis, a cracked superelement is first established with BEM to model the near-crack region, and the crack problem is then solved within the frame of finite element method (FEM). The stiffness matrix of the cracked superelement is formulated using the spline fictitious boundary element method (SFBEM) based on the Erdogan fundamental solutions for an infinite plane with a single crack. The proposed superelement is further incorporated into a finite element mesh to simulate the behaviour of the crack zone, and the governing equation of the crack problem is finally established and solved using the typical procedure of FEM. After obtaining the nodal displacements of the superelement, the stress intensity factors (SIFs) of crack tips can be obtained by a backward analysis with SFBEM. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed SFBEM-FEM coupling method are demonstrated by two numerical examples involving a rectangular plate with a central crack and a square plate with 100 horizontal cracks. The present approach is further applied to the analysis of the SIFs of multiple cracks exposed in a steel anchorage box for a hanger of a suspension bridge, which indicates the merging of the cracked superelements to the commercial FEM software is computationally efficient for the analysis of complex structures with multiple cracks.
MarrowQuant 2.0: a digital pathology workflow assisting bone marrow evaluation in clinical and experimental hematology
Authors: Sarkis Rita , Burri Olivier , Royer-Chardon Claire , Schyrr Frédérica , Blum Sophie , Costanza Mariangela , Cherix Stephane , Piazzon Nathalie , Barcena Carmen , Bisig Bettina , Nardi Valentina , Sarro Rossella , Ambrosini Giovanna , Weigert Martin , Spertini Olivier , Blum Sabine , Deplancke Bart , Seitz Arne , de Leval Laurence , Naveiras Olaia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) cellularity assessment is a crucial step in the evaluation of BM trephine biopsies for hematological and non-hematological disorders. Clinical assessment is based on a labor-intensive, semi-quantitative visual estimation of the hematopoietic and adipocytic components by hematopathologists, which does not provide quantitative information on other stromal compartments. In this study, we developed and validated MarrowQuant 2.0, an efficient user-friendly digital hematopathology workflow integrated within QuPath software which serves as BM quantifier for five mutually-exclusive compartments (bone, hematopoietic, adipocytic, interstitial/microvasculature areas, and “Other”) to derive cellularity of human BM trephine biopsies. Instance segmentation of individual adipocytes is realized via adaptation of the machine-learning-based algorithm StarDist. We calculated BM compartments and adipocyte size distributions of haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images obtained from a total of 250 bone specimens, from control and acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic patients at diagnosis or follow-up, then measured the agreement of cellularity estimates by MarrowQuant 2.0 against visual scores from four hematopathologists. The algorithm was capable of robust BM compartment segmentation with average mask accuracy of 86%, maximal for bone (99%), hematopoietic (92%) and adipocyte (98%) areas. MarrowQuant 2.0 cellularity score and hematopathologist estimations were highly correlated (R2 = 0.92–0.98, Intraclass-Correlation-Coefficient ICC = 0.98; inter-observer ICC 0.96). BM compartment segmentation quantitatively confirmed reciprocity of the hematopoietic and adipocytic compartments. MarrowQuant 2.0 performance was additionally tested for cellularity assessment of specimens prospectively collected from clinical routine diagnosis. After special consideration for the choice of the cellularity equation in specimens with expanded stroma, performance was similar in this setting (R2 = 0.86, n = 42). We thus conclude that MarrowQuant 2.0 can be applied in a clinical setting. We expect this workflow will contribute to improving the speed and ease of diagnosis in hematopathology and serve as a clinical research tool to explore novel biomarkers related to BM stromal components.
CIRM-SNN: Certainty Interval Reset Mechanism Spiking Neuron for Enabling High Accuracy Spiking Neural Network
Authors: Niu Li-Ye , Wei Ying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Spiking neural network (SNN) based on a sparse trigger and event-driven information processing has the advantages of ultra-low power consumption and hardware friendliness. As a new generation of the neural network, SNN is widely concerned. At present, the most effective way to realize deep SNN is through artificial neural network (ANN) conversion. Compared with the original ANN, the converted SNN will suffer performance loss. This paper adjusts the spike firing rate of spiking neurons to minimize the performance loss of SNN in the conversion process. We map the ANN weight to the corresponding SNN after continuous normalization, which ensures that the spike firing rate of neurons is in the normal range. We propose a certainty interval reset mechanism (CIRM), which effectively reduces the loss of membrane potential and avoids the problem of neuronal over-activation. In the experiment, we added a modulation factor (MF) to the CIRM to further adjust the spike firing rate of neurons. The accuracy of the converted SNN on CIFAR-10 is 1.026% higher than that of the original ANN. The algorithm not only realizes the lossless conversion of ANN but also reduces the network energy consumption. Our algorithm also effectively improves the accuracy of SNN (VGG-15) on CIFAR-100 and reduces the network delay. The work of this paper is of great significance for developing high-precision depth SNN.
Revealing the impact of the environment on the ginsenosides in American ginseng from three scales: bioclimatic factors, soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities
Authors: Zhang Xinke , Miao Yujing , Sun Xiao , Huang Linfang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The environment exerts a significant impact on the growth and ingredients of plants. However, comprehensive studies are limited from multiple scales to reveal the influence of environmental factors on the ginsenosides in American ginseng. Here, bioclimatic factors, soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities were integrated to uncover the important factors affecting the ginsenosides in American ginseng. The contents of ginsenosides in American ginseng from the three major producing areas in China, namely Shandong, Beijing and Jilin were significantly different. From the microbial communities perspective, there were significant differences in soil microbial communities of American ginseng from the three major producing areas by 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing. The biomarkers, namely, Burkholderia (SDS), RB41 (BJS) and Bacillus(JLS), which can distinguish three geographical regions microbial communities, were identified by LEfSe and ternary plots. The functions profile of soil microbiome communities in SDS and BJS are differed from those in JLS. RDA analyses of bioclimatic factors, soil physicochemical properties, biomarker microbiomes and main ginsenosides content in American ginseng revealed that mean diurnal temperature range were the important factors affecting the variation of ginsenosides in American ginseng, with interpretation rates of 86.2%. The validation experiment showed that the mean diurnal temperature range of 25℃/25℃considerably increased total ginsenosides content compared with 25℃ /15℃ and 25℃/5℃. These results not only provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent mining of microbial functions and the study of biological fertilizers but also the utilization of mean diurnal temperature range for cultivation of high-quality medicinal plants.
Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure the severity of pain, functional limitations, and reduction of sports ability for German-speaking patients with osteochondral lesions of the ankle (OCLA-G)
Authors: Lohrer Heinz , Wagner Stephanie , Markus Wenning , Kühle Jan , Schmal Hagen , Gollhofer Albert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThere is no patient-reported functional scale specific for osteochondral lesion of the ankle (OCLA). Therefore, the objectives of this study were to develop a questionnaire that measures symptom severity, function, and sports capacity in patients with osteochondral lesions of the ankle and to determine the psychometric properties of the tool in German language (OCLA-G). MethodsThe OCLA-G questionnaire was developed according to the COSMIN guidelines. Scalable items were generated from a literature search, based on an evaluation of 71 own OCLA patients, and from expert opinions. Following a twofold item reduction the questionnaire underwent explorative data analysis and principal component analysis. Validity and reliability were analysed in four groups of participants (40 patients with OCLA, 40 patients with other foot and ankle injuries, 40 asymptomatic athletes serving as a population at risk and 40 asymptomatic persons playing sports not at risk.Results The final OCLA-G questionnaire consists of eight and five questions to mirror activities of daily life (ADL) and sports, respectively. Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.950 for the ADL subscore and 0.965 for the sport subscale, respectively) was found. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability were 0.992 for the ADL subscore and 0.999 for the sport subscale (p<0.001). The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that item difficulty was between 23.4 and 62.8. The Pearson correlation for the OCLA subscales ADL and sport was 0.853 (p<0.001). Construct validity as tested against the SF-12 questionnaire subscales (Physical and Mental component scale) were r = -0.164 to -0.663 (p<0.05). Statistically, there was no ADL and sport OCLA mean score difference between OCLA patients and patients with other foot and ankle injuries (p = 0.993 and 0.179, respectively), but both groups differed from the uninjured control groups (p < 0.001). There were no ceiling or floor effects.Conclusions The OCLA-G was successfully developed as the first patient reported and injury specific outcome scale to measure the impact of OCLA induced symptoms on activities of daily living and sport. This study provides evidence for the reliability and validity of the OCLA-G assessing patients with OCLA.
Pig waste derived capped and non-agglomerated silver nanoparticles and its effect on pathogenic bacteria and physiological responses of fish under multiple abiotic stresses
Authors: Lamare Sowa o , Krishnani K. K. , Kumar Neeraj , Pathak Madhuri , Upadhyay Ajay , Sarkar Biplab , Chadha NK 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present study elucidates the extracellular synthesis of capped silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using pig processing waste, mainly the intestine in distilled water incubated with silver nitrate by dispensing with the addition of any capping agent and the advantage of avoiding the agglomeration and loss of nanosized characteristics of AgNPs. The synthesis of Ag-NPs was ascertained by a UV-VIS spectrophotometry of the incubated suspension of yellowish-brown at 410 nm. The Ag-NPs were further characterized using a High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), which confirmed that the Ag-NPs were primarily spherical and had a size range of 5–100 with a maximum frequency fall within 5–30 nm. In addition, the Ag-NPs are characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), which confirmed the high stability of the Ag-NPs with a zeta potential of -32 mV. Biomolecules and biological extracts of pig waste act as biogenic reducing and capping agents. Based on the zone of inhibition achieved through the agar well diffusion method, the biosynthesis Ag-NPs showed high bactericidal properties against Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, and Micrococcus luteus. The chronic toxicity analysis of the biosynthesized Ag-NPs on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was carried out using stress biomarkers such as an antioxidant enzyme, AChE, and metabolic enzyme activity. Chronic toxicity of synthesized Ag-NPs was found to increase with increased sub-lethal ammonia concentration and temperature. The findings of this study revealed that biosynthesis of capped and non-agglomerated Ag-NPs can be undertaken by using pig wastes for their potential application in aquaculture based on the properties observed in characterization, bactericidal activity, and physiological responses of the fish.
Etiology and factors associated with urogenital fistula among women who have undergone Cesarean section in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Maroyi Raha , Moureau Madeline , Brown Heidi , Ajay Rane , Byabene Gloire , Mukwege Denis 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence and impact of fistulas is more common in developing countries with limited access to emergency obstetric care. As a result of fistulas, women in these settings often experience adverse psychosocial factors. The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) women who developed urogenital fistula following Cesarean sections (CS) and to determine the characteristics associated with fistula related to obstructed labor or CS.
Methods
We abstracted data from all patients with urogenital fistula following CS who received care during a DRC outreach surgical campaign. Urogenital fistula etiology was designated as related to (1) prolonged obstructed labor; or (2) a complication of CS. Descriptive analyses characterized patients with fistula related to obstructed labor versus CS. Logistic regression identified factors associated with fistula etiology.
Results
Among 125 patients, urogenital fistula etiology was attributed to obstructed labor in 77 (62%) and complications following CS in 48 (38%). Women with a fistula attributed to obstructed labor developed the fistula at a younger age (p = .04) and had a lower parity (p = .02). Attempted delivery prior to hospital arrival was associated with an increased risk of obstetric fistula (p < .01).
Conclusion
CS are commonly performed on women who arrive at the hospital following prolonged obstructed labor and fetal demise, and account for almost 40% of urogenital fistula. Obstetric providers should assess maternal status upon arrival to prevent unnecessary CS and identify women at risk of developing a fistula.
Tuning the Properties of ZnS1-x Nanoparticles by Controlling Reaction Conditions
Authors: Olumurewa Kayode 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work, a modified synthesis method was deployed to obtain nanocrystalline zinc sulfide from zinc acetate. By utilizing the hydrothermal and sol gel method, the influence of; reaction time, solvent and temperature control was used to tune the properties of zinc sulfide. Our results showed that ZnS obtained by sol gel in water + hydrothermal (ZnS (A)) typified formation of increased sulfur vacancies while an increase in reaction time resulted in decreased sulfur vacancies. The introduction of chemical defects in sol gel in methanol + KOH obtained ZnS resulted in lower grain size. We observed that crystallinity improved with increased reaction time and the introduction of KOH and methanol as solvent could shorten the reaction time required for improved crystalline property. Our result showed that reaction time influenced the dislocation density of the material to a greater extent than type of solvent used. The crystallite size estimated by Scherer formula was between the range 2.50–4.91 nm while the band gap energy of the ZnS samples were calculated in the range 3.8 eV- 4.6 eV. Utilizing this novel synthesis method can stimulate new directions in synthesizing ZnS crystals with options of choosing appropriate method for specific applications depending on properties to be traded off.
Stress testing on credit supply
Authors: Sedai Akash , Medda Francesca 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study shows how post-crisis stress tests have affected the supplyof home equity business loans. Stress tested banks reduce their loan originationsbut in terms of purchased loans, this effect is much stronger among stress testedbanks that failed the exercise compared to other groups of banks. The magnitudeof these effects is inversely proportional to the size of the loans. Even thoughthe aggregate level of credit supply is relatively unchanged, within each sizecategory of loans adopted in this study, growth rates are directly proportionalto its origination size. The loan distributions significantly differ among stresstestedand non-stress-tested banks and there are significant geographical shiftsin loan originations both by categories of banks and size of loans.
Reuterin Isolated from Lactobacillus reuteri Indonesian Strain Affected Interleukin-8 and Human Beta Defensin-2 on Pathogens Induced-HaCat Cells
Authors: Armelia Sari Widyarman  , Boy Muchlis Bachtiar  , Endang Winiati Bahctiar  
Published: July 2022

Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri has positive effects on health through inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and the ability to reduce inflammation. This study investigates the ability of reuterin isolated from Lactobacillus reuteri Indonesian strain for increasing mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-8 and human beta-defensin (hBD)-2 gene by epithelial cells, after exposure to oral bacteria. L. reuteri isolated from Indonesian’s saliva, and species was confirmed by PCR, using 16S rRNA specific gene. To produce reuterin, the isolate was mixed in glycerol-containing MRS broth. Reuterin molecule’s weight was counted by SDS-PAGE. Streptococcus mutans ATCC-25175 and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC-33277 were put in water (80°C) for 30 min, and each killed bacterial (107 CFU/mL) was inoculated into HaCat cell line (105 cell/mL). Reuterin was added in different concentrations (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%) and different incubation time at 37°C, 5% CO2. RNA was extracted, and a reverse transcription procedure was performed to obtain cDNA. Subsequently, a quantitative PCR method was performed to analyze the transcription level of IL-8 and HBD-2 mRNA expressed by inflamed HaCat cells. All results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test. PCR assays showed that clinical isolates were L. reuteri. Quantitative PCR results showed reuterin decreased the expression of IL-8 and increased the expression of hBD-2 in all concentrations and time periods set in this study (p < 0.05). Reuterin isolated from L. reuteri Indonesian strain increased expression of human beta defensin-2 as antimicrobial peptide and may be useful in combating inflammation.
The Complex Relationship Between Diabetes and Cardiac Arrhythmias: Pathophysiology
and Mechanisms
Authors: Spartalis Michael , Pantelidis Panteleimon , Kontogiannis Christos , Paschou Stavroula A. , Spartalis Eleftherios , Iliopoulos Dimitrios C. , Siasos Gerasimos 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Coronary artery disease, autonomic neuropathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy are the most common
cardiovascular complications of diabetes. However, emerging evidence demonstrates that diabetes also affects
the heart’s electrical conduction system, culminating in lethal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Diabetes
and rhythm disturbances have a complex relationship, and arrhythmias cannot only be attributed to ischemia
and autonomic neuropathy. Hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and glucose fluctuations can potentially induce arrhythmias
by activating various pathways. Structural remodeling can accelerate and exacerbate disease development.
Mitochondrial dysfunction can also alter the structure and metabolism of cardiomyocytes and contribute
to disease progression through oxidative stress and inflammation.