bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of coordination between stomatal and vein traits provides functional benefits to the dioecious tropical tree Myrsine coriacea
Authors: Pereira Jéssica Priscilla , Garbin Mário Luís , Carrijo Tatiana Tavares , da Silva Josimar Aleixo , Bourguignon Tayna Poppe , Cavatte Paulo Cezar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClimate change will affect the distribution of many tropical plant species. However, the understanding of how dioecious tropical species cope with different environmental conditions is still limited. To address this issue, we investigated how secondary trait attributes in populations of the dioecious tropical tree Myrsine coriacea change along an altitudinal gradient. Eighty individual plants (40 male and 40 female) were selected among seven natural populations. Leaf variation in morphological and stomatal traits, and carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions were analyzed. Female plants had greater isotopic leaf carbon composition (δ13C) and nitrogen content than male plants, increasing their carboxylation capacity. Plants of both sexes had smaller stomata, greater water‐use efficiency (greater δ13C), and greater nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) at higher altitudes. They also showed lower δ15N and had greater carbon: nitrogen ratios at lower altitudes. There was a lack of coordination between stomatal and vein traits, which was compensated for by variation in specific leaf areas. This mechanism was essential for increasing plant performance under the limiting conditions found by the species at higher altitudes.
The power of protest on policing: Black Lives Matter protest and civilian evaluation of the police
Authors: Wright James E. , Gaozhao Dongfang , Dukes Kenneth , Templeton Da'Shay 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 2020, police brutality against Black Americans catalyzed Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests across all 50 states. Though BLM protests continue to permeate society, few scholars explore how these protests change Americans' perceptions of the police. To investigate this phenomenon more meticulously, we administered an online survey experiment—oversampling Black American participants—to measure how protest culture, specifically BLM protests, influences civilians' perceptions of the police. Our survey found that (1) Black American participants have a lower evaluation of police performance, but a higher evaluation of the BLM Movement than White American participants; (2) the presence of a general protest negatively impacts peoples' perception of safety, police trustworthiness, and police performance; and (3) a BLM protest casts a stronger effect on White American participants than on Black American participants. Using Critical Race Theory and QuantCrit these findings suggest that the visibility of BLM protests changes both Black and White perceptions of the police to varying degrees.
Hyperhemolysis in a patient with sickle cell disease and recent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with complex auto‐ and alloantibody work‐up, successfully treated with tocilizumab
Authors: Fuja Christine , Kothary Vishesh , Carll Timothy Clifford , Singh Savita , Mansfield Paul , Wool Geoffrey D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyperhemolysis syndrome (HHS) is a severe delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction seen in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, characterized by destruction of donor and recipient RBCs. It results in a drop in hemoglobin to below pretransfusion levels and frequently reticulocytopenia.Case ReportWe report a case of a man in his thirties with SCD with a recent hospitalization 2 weeks prior for COVID‐19. His red cell antibody history included anti‐Fy(a) and warm autoantibody. At that time, he was given 2 units of RBC and discharged with a hemoglobin of 10.2 g/dl.He returned to the hospital approximately 1.5 weeks later with hemoglobin 6.0 g/dl and symptoms concerning for acute chest syndrome. Pretransfusion testing now showed 4+ pan‐agglutinin in both gel‐based and tube‐based testing. Alloadsorption identified an anti‐N and a strong cold agglutinin. Three least incompatible units were transfused to this patient over several days, with evidence of hemolysis. Further reference lab work revealed anti‐Fya, anti‐Fyb, anti‐Lea, anti‐Leb, and an anti‐KN system antibody. The patient's hemoglobin nadired at 4.4 g/dl. The patient was treated with a single dose of tocilizumab, his hemoglobin stabilized, and he was discharged.DiscussionWe present a case of HHS proximate to recent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with multiple allo and autoantibodies identified. Information on the relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and HHS is limited; however, it is possible that inflammation related to COVID‐19 could predispose to HHS. Tocilizumab is an approved treatment for COVID‐19. Additionally, tocilizumab appears to be a promising treatment option for patients with HHS.
Spoligotype analysis of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from cattle and assessment of zoonotic TB transmission among individuals working in bovine TB‐infected dairy farms in Ethiopia
Authors: Almaw Gizat , Mihret Adane , Abebe Tamrat , Ameni Gobena , Gumi Balako , Olani Abebe , Tamiru Mekdes , Koran Tafesse , Aliy Abde , Sombo Melaku , Ayalew Sosina , Yesuf Adem , Taye Hawult , Wood James L. N. , Berg Stefan ,   the ETHICOBOTS consortium
Published: May 2022

AbstractBovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease with impact on dairy productivity, as well as having the potential for zoonotic transmission. Understanding the genetic diversity of the disease agent Mycobacterium bovis is important for identifying its routes of transmission. Here we investigated the level of genetic diversity of M. bovis isolates and assessed the zoonotic potential in risk groups of people working in bTB‐infected dairy farms in central Ethiopia. M. bovis was isolated and spoligotyped from tissue lesions collected from slaughtered cattle as well as from raw milk collected from bTB positive cows in dairy farms from six urban areas of central Ethiopia. From consented dairy farm workers, knowledge and practices related to zoonotic TB transmission, together with demographic and clinical information, was collected through interviews. Sputum or Fine Needle Aspirate (FNA) samples were collected from suspected TB cases. Spoligotyping of 55 M. bovis isolates that originated either from cattle tissues with tuberculous lesion or from raw milk revealed seven spoligotype patterns where SB1176 was the most prevalent type (47.3%). Most isolates (89.1%) were of the M. bovis African 2 clonal complex. All sputum and FNA samples from 41 dairy farm workers with symptoms of TB were culture negative for any mycobacteria. Among the 41 TB suspected farm workers, 61% did not know about bTB in cattle and its zoonotic potential, and over two‐third of these workers practiced raw milk consumption. Our spoligotype analysis suggests a wider transmission of a single spoligotype in the study area. The results reported here may be useful in guiding future work to identify the source and direction of bTB transmission and hence design of a control strategy. Isolation of M. bovis from milk, knowledge gap on zoonotic TB and practice of consumption of raw milk in the study population showed potential risk for zoonotic transmission.
Guías de práctica clínica: implementación en prestadores de servicios de salud de Colombia durante 2019
Authors: Guzman-Tordecilla Deivis , Pinzón-Silva Diana Carolina , Perea Aragón Claudia Y. 
Published: May 2022

Resumen: Introducción: las guías de práctica clínica (GPC) optimizan la atención médica basada en la mejor evidencia disponible. En Colombia, existen más de 60 GPC basadas en la evidencia desde 2013. Dichas herramientas han sido promovidas por entes nacionales e internacionales. Sin embargo, la información publicada a partir de una muestra de múltiples prestadores de servicios de salud (PSS) sobre el uso en la práctica de estas herramientas es limitada.
Objetivo: identificar factores que los PSS asocian al conocimiento, barreras y uso de las GPC elaboradas por el Gobierno de Colombia a partir del 2013.
Métodos: estudio transversal con muestreo aleatorio simple con reemplazo por departamentos colombianos que envió encuestas a los PSS por correo electrónico durante 2019. Se utilizaron modelos multivariado para identificar factores asociados al conocimiento, barreras y uso de las GPC.
Resultados: El 91% de las respuestas provenientes de los PSS refirió conocer las GPC y el 85% las ha usado alguna vez. Además, el 89% percibió barreras al momento de usar las GPC. Si identificó que los PSS privados, personal joven y quienes realizan tareas administrativas tienen más probabilidad a acceder a las GPC. Así mismo, los PSS de baja complejidad, personal joven y administrativo son quienes reportaron mayor uso de las GPC. Por último, el personal clínico fue quien reportó mayores desafíos para usar las guías.
Conclusiones: El conocimiento y uso de GPC es alto entre los PSS; no obstante, la presencia de barreras al momento de usarlas constituye una oportunidad de mejora en la implementación y adherencia a las GPC en los PSS.
Objetivo: identificar factores que los PSS asocian al conocimiento, barreras y uso de las GPC elaboradas por el Gobierno de Colombia a partir del 2013.
Métodos: estudio transversal con muestreo aleatorio simple con reemplazo por departamentos colombianos que envió encuestas a PSS por correo electrónico entre noviembre y diciembre de 2019. Se utilizaron modelos multivariado para identificar los factores asociados al conocimiento, barreras y uso de las GPC.
Resultados: El 91% de las respuestas provenientes de PSS refirió conocer las GPC y el 85% las ha usado alguna vez. Sin embargo, el 89% percibió barreras al momento de usar las GPC. Las respuestas de PSS privados tenían menor probabilidad de usar las GPC.
Conclusiones: El conocimiento y uso de GPC es alto entre los PSS, no obstante, la presencia de barreras al momento de usarlas constituye una oportunidad de mejora en la implementación y adherencia a las GPC en los PSS.
Experimental Study on the Frosting and Heat Transfer Performance of Three Rows of Variable Pitch Finned Coils
Authors: Guo Yanze , Chen Guansheng , Xiao Hongxin , Liu Liangde , Liu Xiangyun , Li Jianguo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The frost mass in different rows of the outdoor heat exchanger of an air source heat pump is uneven when the ambient temperature is below 0 °C, which leads to a shorter defrosting interval and reduces the heating capacity of the heat pump. In order to improve the problem of uneven frost along the airflow direction in the evaporator, an experimental study is conducted on the frosting and heat transfer performance of three rows of variable pitch (VP) finned coils in different fin pitch combinations under low ambient temperature conditions. The results show that the frosting time of the sample with VP of 5*3*2 is extended by 46.67%, the frost mass per unit of bare tube surface area is reduced by 14.54%, and the average heat transfer power per unit mass and volume is increased by 37.64% and 33.56%, respectively.
An Enhanced Statistical Phonon Transport Model for Nanoscale Thermal Transport
Authors: Medlar Michael P. , Hensel Edward C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Silicon nanowire transistors are thought to be ideal transistor devices due to electrostatic control of the gate, and the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems has indicated that arrays of these devices are possible for future transistor devices. Nonequilibrium phonon transport due to self-heating in silicon nanowire transistors affects performance in the areas of carrier mobility, speed, aging, and thermal failure. Existing methods for phonon transport modeling range in fidelity and flexibility. Direct quantum or atomic simulations offer high fidelity with reduced flexibility while Monte Carlo methods offer enhanced flexibility for reduced fidelity. An enhanced statistical phonon transport model (enhanced SPTM) is presented to fill the gap between Monte Carlo and direct atomic methods. Application of the enhanced SPTM to one-dimensional (1D) simulations of silicon nanowire devices illustrates production of design relative information. Simulation results indicated an excess build-up of up to 14% optical phonons beyond equilibrium values giving rise to transient local temperature hot spots of 60 Kelvin in the drain region. The local build-up of excess optical phonons in the drain region has implications on performance and reliability.The enhanced SPTM is a valid engineering design tool for evaluating the thermal performance of silicon nanowire transistor designs. The phonon fidelity of the enhanced SPTM is greater than Monte Carlo and the Boltzmann Transport Equation and the length-scale and time-scale fidelity of the enhanced SPTM is better than direct atomic simulation.
Investigation in the Natural Frequency of Wound Tube for Coil-Wound Heat Exchanger
Authors: Wang Yue , Ren Peng , Huang Guofeng , Tan Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Wound tube, which is an important component of coil-wound heat exchanger (CWHE), is subjected to cross-flow impacting and thereby vibrating. Owing to investigating flow-induced vibration (FIV) of wound tubes, it is essential to study the vibration characteristics of the tubes. In this paper, the natural vibration characteristics of wound tube, which was divided into curved tube and coil tube based on support conditions, were studied in detail. And experiments, numerical simulations, and calculation methods were carried out. First, the structures of the two tubes were described parametrically. Afterwards, vibration experiments proved the reliability of numerical simulations of the tubes. Furthermore, calculation methods for the fundamental frequencies of the two tubes were proposed, the accuracies of which were further proven by comparison with simulation results. In addition, the first three mode shapes of the curved tube and coil tube were bending vibration modes. Then the influence of structural parameters on the fundamental frequency was discussed and the independence of parameters was demonstrated. The effects of the variables of the layer pitch ratio, a, the same layer pitch ratio, b, and helix angle, α, on the added mass coefficient, Cm, were ultimately investigated. In general, this paper provides a technical basis to evaluate the design and machining for design and supervision staff.
Optimising scale and deployment of community health workers in Sierra Leone: a geospatial analysis
Authors: Oliphant Nicholas Paul , Ray Nicolas , Curtis Andrew , Musa Elizabeth , Sesay Momodu , Kandeh Joseph , Kamara Anitta , Hassen Kebir , O’Connor Shane , Suehiro Yuki , Legesse Hailemariam , Chimoun Ebeny Francois Temgbait , Jackson Debra , Doherty Tanya 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundLittle is known about strategies for optimising the scale and deployment of community health workers (CHWs) to maximise geographic accessibility of primary healthcare services.MethodsWe used data from a national georeferenced census of CHWs and other spatial datasets in Sierra Leone to undertake a geospatial analysis exploring optimisation of the scale and deployment of CHWs, with the aim of informing implementation of current CHW policy and future plans of the Ministry of Health and Sanitation.ResultsThe per cent of the population within 30 min walking to the nearest CHW with preservice training increased from 16.1% to 80.4% between 2000 and 2015. Contrary to current national policy, most of this increase occurred in areas within 3 km of a health facility where nearly two-thirds (64.5%) of CHWs were deployed. Ministry of Health and Sanitation-defined ‘easy-to-reach’ and ‘hard-to-reach’ areas, geographic areas that should be targeted for CHW deployment, were less well covered, with 19.2% and 34.6% of the population in 2015 beyond a 30 min walk to a CHW, respectively. Optimised CHW networks in these areas were more efficiently deployed than existing networks by 22.4%–71.9%, depending on targeting metric.InterpretationsOur analysis supports the Ministry of Health and Sanitation plan to rightsize and retarget the CHW workforce. Other countries in sub-Saharan Africa interested in optimising the scale and deployment of their CHW workforce in the context of broader human resources for health and health sector planning may look to Sierra Leone as an exemplar model from which to learn.
The role of quality improvement collaboratives in general practice: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Knight Andrew Walter , Tam Chun Wah Michael , Dennis Sarah , Fraser John , Pond Dimity 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThis systematic review used qualitative methodologies to examine the role of quality improvement collaboratives (QICs) in general practice. The aim was to inform implementers and participants about the utility of using or participating in QICs in general practice.MethodsIncluded studies were published in English, used a QIC intervention, reported primary research, used qualitative or mixed methods, and were conducted in general practice.A Medline search between January 1995 and February 2020 was developed and extended to include Embase, CINAHL and PsycInfo databases. Articles were sought through chaining of references and grey literature searches.Qualitative outcome data were extracted using a framework analysis. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis. Articles were assessed for quality using a threshold approach based on the criteria described by Dixon-Woods.Results15 qualitative and 18 mixed-methods studies of QICs in general practice were included. Data were grouped into four analytical themes which describe the role of a collaborative in general practice: improving the target topic, developing practices and providers, developing the health system and building quality improvement capacity.DiscussionGeneral practice collaboratives are reported to be useful for improving target topics. They can also develop knowledge and motivation in providers, build systems and team work in local practice organisations, and improve support at a system level. Collaboratives can build quality improvement capacity in the primary care system. These roles suggest that QICs are well matched to the improvement needs of general practice.General practice participants in collaboratives reported positive effects from effective peer interaction, high-quality local support, real engagement with data and well-designed training in quality improvement.Strengths of this study were an inclusive search and explicit qualitative methodology. It is possible some studies were missed. Qualitative studies of collaboratives may be affected by selection bias and confirmation bias.PROSPERO registration numberCRD4202017512.
Comparison of the contralateral oblique view with the lateral view for mid-thoracic epidural access under fluoroscopic guidance: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Doo-Hwan , Kwon Hyun-Jung , Jeon Bokyoung , Lee Dokyeong , Shin Jin-Woo , Choi Seong-Soo 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe fluoroscopic-guided epidural access is occasionally challenging; therefore, the contralateral oblique (CLO) view has emerged as an alternative approach. The CLO view appears to be optimal for mid-thoracic epidural access; however, evidence on its utility is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the CLO view at 60°±5° compared with the lateral (LAT) view using fluoroscopic-guided mid-thoracic epidural access.MethodsPatients were randomly allocated to undergo mid-thoracic epidural access under the fluoroscopic LAT view (LAT group) or CLO view (CLO group). The primary outcome was the first-pass success rate of mid-thoracic epidural access. The secondary outcomes were procedural pain intensity, patient satisfaction, needling time, number of needle passes, and radiation dose.ResultsSeventy-nine patients were included. The first-pass success rate was significantly higher in the CLO group than in the LAT group (68.3% vs 34.2%, difference: 34.1%; 95% CI 13.3 to 54.8; p=0.003). Procedural pain intensity was significantly lower in the CLO group than in the LAT group. Patient satisfaction was signiﬁcantly greater in the CLO group than in the LAT group. The needling time and the number of needle passes were significantly lower in the CLO group than in the LAT group. Radiation dose in the CLO group was significantly reduced compared with that in the LAT group.ConclusionsThe fluoroscopic CLO view at 60°±5° increased the success rate and patient satisfaction and reduced the procedural time and patient discomfort compared with the LAT view when performing mid-thoracic epidural access. Therefore, the CLO view at 60°±5° can be considered for mid-thoracic epidural access under fluoroscopic guidance.Trial registration numberKCT0004926.
Sjögren’s and non-Sjögren’s sicca share a similar symptom burden but with a distinct symptom-associated proteomic signature
Authors: Pucino Valentina , Turner Jason D , Nayar Saba , Kollert Florian , Rauz Saaeha , Richards Andrea , Higham Jon , Poveda-Gallego Ana , Bowman Simon J , Barone Francesca , Fisher Benjamin A 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesGiven the similarity in symptoms between primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SjS) and non-SjS sicca syndrome (sicca), we sought to characterise clinical and proteomic predictors of symptoms in both groups in order to better understand disease mechanisms and help guide development of immunomodulatory treatments. These have not, to date, unequivocally improved symptoms in SjS clinical trials.MethodsSerum proteomics was performed using O-link inflammation and cardiovascular II panels. SjS (n=53) fulfilled 2016 ACR/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) criteria whereas sicca (n=60) were anti-Ro negative, displayed objective or subjective dryness, and either had a negative salivary gland biopsy or, in the absence of a biopsy, it was considered that a biopsy result would not change classification status. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify the key predictors of symptoms. Cluster analysis was completed using protein expression values.ResultsEULAR-Sjögren’s-Syndrome-Patient-Reported-Index (ESSPRI), EuroQoL-5 Dimension utility values, and anxiety and depression did not differ between SjS and sicca. Correlations between body mass index (BMI) and ESSPRI were found in sicca and to a lesser extent in SjS. Twenty proteins positively associated with symptoms in sicca but none in SjS. We identified two proteomically defined subgroups in sicca and two in SjS that differed in symptom burden. Within hierarchical clustering of the SjS and sicca pool, the highest symptom burden groups were the least distinct. Levels of adrenomedullin (ADM), soluble CD40 (CD40) and spondin 2 (SPON2) together explained 51% of symptom variability in sicca. ADM was strongly correlated with ESSPRI (spearman’s r=0.62; p<0.0001), even in a multivariate model corrected for BMI, age, objective dryness, depression and anxiety scores.ConclusionsObesity-related metabolic factors may regulate symptoms in sicca. Further work should explore non-inflammatory drivers of high symptom burden in SjS to improve clinical trial outcomes.