bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Wing Mass and Wing Elevation Motion During Insect Forward Flight
Authors: Yao Jie , Yeo K. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the numerical simulation of the forward flight of a high Reynolds number flapping-wing flyer, modelled after the hummingbird hawkmoth (Macroglossum stellatarum). The numerical model integrated a Navier-Stokes solver with the Newtonian free-body dynamics of the model insect. The primary cyclic kinematics of wings were assumed to be sinusoidal for simplicity here, which comprises sweeping, elevating and twisting related wing actions. The free flight simulation is very computationally intensive due to the large mesh scale and the iterative solution for the FSI problem, so parallelization is essential in the numerical simulation. Two parallelization techniques are used in current simulation, i.e., open multi-processing (OpenMP) and graphics processing units (GPU) acceleration. The forward flight mainly consists of two stages, i.e., the body pitching down from the normal hovering posture and the following forward acceleration. During this process, the effect of the wing mass and the wing elevation motion is very important, which is investigated in detail. It is found that Oval-shaped wing elevating motion can help to generate large pitching down moment so that the flyer can quickly adjust its orientation for forward acceleration. Moreover, wing mass tends to magnify the effect and prohibits the growth of pitching down velocity, which is favourable aspect. The present study provides detailed information of the coupled dynamics of fluid and flyer in free flight condition, as well as offers a prospective approach that could complement existing experiments in a wider study of insect flight and maneuver.
Making Culture Visible: Telling Small Stories in Busy Classrooms
Authors: Theobald Maryanne , Busch Gillian , Mushin Ilana , O’Gorman Lyndal , Nielson Cathy , Watts Janet , Danby Susan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClassrooms are busy institutional settings in which conversational agendas are typically ordered by teachers due to the focus on curriculum content. Opportunities for extended storytelling, outside of focussed literacy times, may occur infrequently. This chapter investigates how children engage with each other and with curriculum concepts referred to as “culture”, through telling stories. The data are video recordings of young children (aged 4–5 years) telling stories during their everyday classroom activities. The data are drawn from a study on what intercultural competence “looks like” in the everyday interactions of preschool classrooms in inner-city Queensland, Australia. An ethnomethodological approach using conversation analysis highlights three fragments where children tell something about themselves. As they tell stories about aspects of their lives outside the classroom, children make their “culture” visible to other children and co-construct a local peer culture. The implications of the study’s findings point to how classrooms can be conversational spaces where children practise and build culture in action. The children share aspects of their everyday lives that are sometimes tangentially aligned with curriculum, but always available as a resource for making cultural connections. The children themselves do not name these activities as culture, but their association to what is known about how culture is defined, shows that they are orienting to these aspects.
Renormalon subtraction using Fourier transform: analyses of simplified models
Authors: Hayashi Yuuki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For precise QCD prediction of observables, the ambiguity due to renormalons in perturbative calculations should be appropriately separated from Wilson coefficients in the framework of the operator-product-expansion. Recently, a new method has been developed which utilizes the properties of Fourier transform to separate multiple renormalons simultaneously from the Wilson coefficients. To understand how this method works analytically, we perform a renormalon separation from various toy models with the one-loop beta function. We confirm that each of the results is consistent with the theoretical expectations. In addition, we present a new formula for the resummation of UV renormalons and study its validity using one of the toy models.
Light cone sum rules and form factors for p → e+γ
Authors: Bansal Anshika , Mahajan Namit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Proton decay is a baryon number violating process, and hence is forbidden in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. Baryon number violation is expected to be an important criteria to explain the matter-anti-matter asymmetry of the universe. Any detection of the proton decay will be a direct evidence of physics beyond the SM. In SMEFT, proton decay is possible via baryon number violating dimension-6 operators. In this work, we pay attention to the decay channel p → e+γ which is expected to be an experimentally cleaner channel due to less nuclear absorption. The gauge invariant amplitude of this process involves two form factors. We calculate these form factors in the framework of light cone sum rules (LCSR) using photon DAs upto two particle twist-3 accuracy as well as proton DAs of twist-3 accuracy. We find that the form factors calculated using photon DAs are more reliable.
Tree-level unitarity in Higgs inflation in the metric and the Palatini formulation
Authors: Ito Asuka , Khater Wafaa , Räsänen Syksy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe calculate the tree-level amplitudes for electrically neutral 2→2 scattering for the Standard Model Higgs doublet non-minimally coupled to the Ricci scalar. We consider both the metric and the Palatini formulation of gravity. We find the partial wave unitarity limit for a general background field value. Our results are in agreement with previous work. In the electroweak vacuum, tree-level unitarity is violated at ∼MPl/ξin the metric formulation, and at$$ \sim {M}_{\mathrm{P}1}/\sqrt{\xi } $$∼MP1/ξin the Palatini formulation. In the inflationary large field background, the unitarity limit is at$$ \sim {M}_{\mathrm{P}1}/\sqrt{\xi } $$∼MP1/ξin both formulations. We compare the unitarity violation energy to scales relevant during inflation. We also calculate a direct collider limit onξin the Palatini formulation,ξ <2.5×1031.
Hat die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie die Lehre verbessert? – Virtueller Unterricht im Fach HNO-Heilkunde aus Sicht der Studierenden
Authors: Krambeck Alexa , Loth Andreas G. , Leinung Martin , Syed-Ali Anwar , Filmann Natalie , Kramer Sabine , Baumann Uwe , Stöver Timo , Diensthuber Marc 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Die Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2(SARS-CoV-2)-Pandemie hat die Ausbildung von Medizinstudierenden grundlegend verändert. Die Notwendigkeit von Kontaktbeschränkungen und die damit einhergehende Forderung nach Distanzunterricht hat dazu geführt, dass innerhalb kurzer Zeit digitale Lehrformate umgesetzt werden mussten. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Auswertung der studentischen Evaluationsergebnisse für virtuellen Unterricht im Fach Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie und ein Vergleich mit den zuvor erhobenen Evaluationsergebnissen unter Präsenzbedingungen.

Material und Methoden
Untersucht wurden die Evaluationsergebnisse für die Blockpraktika im Wintersemester 2020/21 und im Sommersemester 2021, die in einem virtuellen Format mit kurzer Präsenzphase durchgeführt wurden, sowie die der komplett im konventionellen Präsenzformat durchgeführten Praktika von Sommersemester 2018 bis Wintersemester 2019/20. Die anonyme Befragung der Studierenden bezog sich auf verschiedene Aspekte der Lehrveranstaltung, wie z. B. Organisation, Didaktik und Lernatmosphäre.

Ergebnisse
Von 16 abgefragten Kategorien zeigten 14 (87,5%) signifikant bessere Evaluationsergebnisse für die virtuellen Praktika verglichen mit den zuvor im Präsenzformat durchgeführten Praktika. Diese sehr positive Bewertung des digitalen Lehrangebots zeigte im Pandemieverlauf über die Dauer von zwei Semestern keine signifikante Änderung.

Schlussfolgerung
Die vorliegenden Daten belegen die hohe Akzeptanz eines digitalen Lehrangebots im Fach HNO-Heilkunde für Studierende. Auch wenn unerlässliche Bestandteile der ärztlichen Ausbildung, wie der Unterricht am Patienten und das Erlernen klinisch-praktischer Fertigkeiten, weiterhin nur im Präsenzformat realisiert werden können, legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass digitale Elemente auch nach der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie eine Rolle im Medizinstudium spielen könnten.
Microstructure evolution of three-roll skew-rolling formed hollow axles with uniform wall thickness
Authors: Shu Chang , Zhang Song , Bidare Prveen , Essa Khamis , Abdel-Wahab Adel , Shu Xuedao , Pater Zbigniew , Bartnicki Jaroslaw 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe uniform thickness hollow axle is one of the lightest weight axles in the high-speed rail industry. It can effectively reduce unsprung mass and further improve the train speed. Therefore, due to its importance and significance, it is crucial to research and develop the uniform thickness hollow axle. To understand the microstructural evolution during three-roll skew-rolling (TRSR) forming, 30CrMoA alloy steel was used in this study. A constitutive model of 30CrMoA was established by SIMUFACT FORMING finite element software and utilized to simulate the deformation, heat transfer, and microstructure coupling during TRSR. Via analyzing the influence of process parameters on the average grain size, the microstructural evolution of the forming part at each deformation stage is revealed. The result shows that the dynamic recrystallization of the rolled piece produces a fine and uniform grain structure during the forming process. The refinement level is enhanced with the increase of the radial compression; the grain size is gradually increased from the outer surface to the inner surface of the rolled piece. At a higher rolling temperature, it was found the initial grain size and final average grain size were larger compared to the lower temperature. By increasing the axial traction speed, not only can the rolling time be shortened, but also the appearance of coarse grains can be avoided. Therefore, the mechanical properties can be improved.
Asset pricing under smooth ambiguity in continuous time
Authors: Hansen Lars Peter , Miao Jianjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study asset pricing implications of a revealing and tractable formulation of smooth ambiguity investor preferences in a continuous-time environment. Investors do not observe a hidden Markov state and instead make inferences about this state using past data. We show that ambiguity about this hidden state distribution alters investor decisions and equilibrium asset prices. Our continuous-time formulation allows us to apply recursive filtering and Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman methods to solve the modified decision problem. Using such methods, we show how characterizations of portfolio allocations and local uncertainty-return tradeoffs change when investors are ambiguity-averse.
Magnetic resonance arthrography in patients with multidirectional instability: could inferior capsulsar width be considered the cornerstone in the diagnosis of non-traumatic shoulder instability?
Authors: Celentano Angelica , Porta Marco , Calvi Marco , Basile Giuseppe , Aliprandi Alberto , Genovese Eugenio Annibale 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To provide quantitative anatomical parameters in patients with and without non-traumatic multidirectional instability using MR arthrography (MR-a).

Materials and methods
One hundred and seventy-six MR-a performed from January 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided according to the presence of clinically diagnosed multidirectional shoulder instability (MDI). Each MR-a was performed immediately after intra-articular injection of 20 ml of gadolinium using the anterior approach. The width of the axillary recess, the width of the rotator interval, and the circumference of the glenoid were measured by three independent radiologists, choosing the average value of the measurements. The difference between the mean values of each of the three parameters between the two study groups was then assessed.

Results
Thirty-seven patients were included in the study (20 in the MDI group, 17 in the control group). The mean axillary recess width in the MDI group was significantly greater than in the control group (t(33) = 3.15, p = .003); rotator interval width and glenoid circumference measurements were not significantly different (t(35) = 1.75, p = .08 and t(30) = 0,51, p = .6, respectively).

Conclusions
Inferior capsular redundancy may be an important predisposing factor in MDI, while glenoid circumference is not related to MDI. The relationship between the width of the rotator interval and shoulder instability remains debated.
Detailed bone assessment of the sacroiliac joint in a prospective imaging study: comparison between computed tomography, zero echo time, and black bone magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wolharn Lucas , Guggenberger Roman , Higashigaito Kai , Sartoretti Thomas , Winklhofer Sebastian , Chung Christine B. , Finkenstaedt Tim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the value of zero echo time (ZTE) and gradient echo “black bone” (BB) MRI sequences for bone assessment of the sacroiliac joint (SI) using computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard.

Materials and methods
Between May 2019 and January 2021, 79 patients prospectively underwent clinically indicated 3-T MRI including ZTE and BB imaging. Additionally, all patients underwent a CT scan covering the SI joints within 12 months of the MRI examination. Two blinded readers performed bone assessment by grading each side of each SI joint qualitatively in terms of seven features (osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, erosions, ankylosis, joint irregularity, joint widening, and gas in the SI joint) using a 4-point Likert scale (0 = no changes–3 = marked changes). Scores were compared between all three imaging modalities.

Results
Interreader agreement was largely good (k values: 0.5–0.83). Except for the feature “gas in SI joint” where ZTE exhibited significantly lower scores than CT (p < 0.001), ZTE and BB showed similar performance relative to CT for all other features (p > 0.52) with inter-modality agreement being substantial to almost perfect (Krippendorff’s alpha coefficients: 0.724–0.983). When combining the data from all features except for gas in the SI joint and when binarizing grading scores, combined sensitivity/specificity was 76.7%/98.6% for ZTE and 80.8%/99.1% for BB, respectively, compared to CT.

Conclusions
The performance of ZTE and BB sequences was comparable to CT for bone assessment of the SI joint. These sequences may potentially serve as an alternative to CT yet without involving exposure to ionizing radiation.
Intratumoral T cell depletion following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer is associated with poor clinical outcome
Authors: van Wilpe Sandra , Sultan Shabaz , Gorris Mark A. J. , Somford Diederik M. , Kusters-Vandevelde Heidi V. N. , Koornstra Rutger H. T. , Gerritsen Winald R. , Simons Michiel , van der Heijden Antoine G. , de Vries I. Jolanda M. , Mehra Niven 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Whereas neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy (NAC) followed by a radical cystectomy remains the standard treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), increasing evidence suggests that checkpoint inhibitors, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, are effective in the (neo)adjuvant setting. The major aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the immune-modulating effects of NAC in MIBC.

Methods
Tumor tissue of 81 patients was used, including 60 patients treated with NAC and 21 patients undergoing upfront cystectomy. Multiplex immunohistochemistry was performed to assess CD3+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD8−FoxP3−, CD3+FoxP3+, and CD20+ cells. Patients were classified into a favorable or unfavorable outcome group based on the development of a recurrence within a year.

Results
The density of intratumoral CD3+ T cells decreased following NAC in patients with a recurrence at one year, while it remained stable in patients without a recurrence (median fold change 0.6 [95CI 0.3; 1.0] versus 1.0 [95CI 0.6; 2.2]). This decrease was mainly attributable to a decrease in CD3+CD8−FoxP3− and CD3+FoxP3+ T cells and was not observed in patients with an early recurrence after upfront cystectomy. Additionally, in cystectomy tissue of patients treated with NAC, median CD3+ and CD3+CD8+ T cell densities were significantly lower in patients with versus patients without a recurrence (CD3: 261. cells/mm2 [95CI 22.4; 467.2]; CD8: 189.6 cells/mm2 [95CI 2.0;462.0]).

Conclusion
T cell density decreases following NAC in MIBC patients with poor clinical outcome. Further research is needed to investigate whether this decrease in T cell density affects the efficacy of subsequent checkpoint inhibitors.

Précis
The major aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the immune-modulating effects of NAC in patients with MIBC. We reveal a decline in intratumoral CD3+ T cell density following NAC in patients with an early recurrence.
Climax thinking on the coast: a focus group priming experiment with coastal property owners about climate adaptation
Authors: Sherren Kate , Sutton Krysta , Chappell Ellen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoastal communities face increasingly difficult decisions about responses to climate change. Armoring and defending the coast are being revealed as ineffective in terms of outcomes and cost, particularly in rural areas. Nature-based options include approaches that make space for coastal dynamism (e.g., through managed retreat) or leverage ecosystem services such as erosion control (e.g., by restoring coastal wetlands). Resistance can be strong to these alternatives to hard infrastructure. Nova Scotia, off Canada’s Atlantic coast, is a vulnerable coastal jurisdiction facing such decisions. The emerging climax thinking framework was used to design 14 experimental online focus groups. These focus groups explored how three priming treatments influenced discussions about adaptation options and urgency and quantitative pre/post-tests, compared with information-only control treatments. A future-focused priming strategy seemed most effective since it fostered discussions about duties to future generations. The altruism-focused priming strategy involved reflections of wartime mobilization and more recent collective action. It also worked but was more difficult to implement and potentially higher risk. Past-focused priming was counterproductive. Further research should test the future-focused and altruism-focused strategies among larger groups and in different jurisdictions, reducing some of the biases in our sample.
Exposure–response analyses for the MET inhibitor tepotinib including patients in the pivotal VISION trial: support for dosage recommendations
Authors: Xiong Wenyuan , Hietala Sofia Friberg , Nyberg Joakim , Papasouliotis Orestis , Johne Andreas , Berghoff Karin , Goteti Kosalaram , Dong Jennifer , Girard Pascal , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Strotmann Rainer 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Tepotinib is a highly selective MET inhibitor approved for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring METex14 skipping alterations. Analyses presented herein evaluated the relationship between tepotinib exposure, and efficacy and safety outcomes.

Methods
Exposure–efficacy analyses included data from an ongoing phase 2 study (VISION) investigating 500 mg/day tepotinib in NSCLC harboring METex14 skipping alterations. Efficacy endpoints included objective response, duration of response, and progression-free survival. Exposure–safety analyses included data from VISION, plus four completed studies in advanced solid tumors/hepatocellular carcinoma (30–1400 mg). Safety endpoints included edema, serum albumin, creatinine, amylase, lipase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and QT interval corrected using Fridericia’s method (QTcF).

Results
Tepotinib exhibited flat exposure–efficacy relationships for all endpoints within the exposure range observed with 500 mg/day. Tepotinib also exhibited flat exposure–safety relationships for all endpoints within the exposure range observed with 30–1400 mg doses. Edema is the most frequently reported adverse event and the most frequent cause of tepotinib dose reductions and interruptions; however, the effect plateaued at low exposures. Concentration-QTc analyses using data from 30 to 1400 mg tepotinib resulted in the upper bounds of the 90% confidence interval being less than 10 ms for the mean exposures at the therapeutic (500 mg) and supratherapeutic (1000 mg) doses.

Conclusions
These analyses provide important quantitative pharmacologic support for benefit/risk assessment of the 500 mg/day dosage of tepotinib as being appropriate for the treatment of NSCLC harboring METex14 skipping alterations.

Registration Numbers
NCT01014936, NCT01832506, NCT01988493, NCT02115373, NCT02864992.
Establishment of a DNA-free genome editing and protoplast regeneration method in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Liu Ying , Andersson Mariette , Granell Antonio , Cardi Teodoro , Hofvander Per , Nicolia Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Key message
We have established a DNA-free genome editing method via ribonucleoprotein-based CRISPR/Cas9 in cultivated tomato and obtained mutant plants regenerated from transfected protoplasts with a high mutation rate.

Abstract
The application of genome editing as a research and breeding method has provided many possibilities to improve traits in many crops in recent years. In cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), so far only stable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation carrying CRISPR/Cas9 reagents has been established. Shoot regeneration from transfected protoplasts is the major bottleneck in the application of DNA-free genome editing via ribonucleoprotein-based CRISPR/Cas9 method in cultivated tomato. In this study, we report the implementation of a transgene-free breeding method for cultivated tomato by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, including the optimization of protoplast isolation and overcoming the obstacle in shoot regeneration from transfected protoplasts. We have identified that the shoot regeneration medium containing 0.1 mg/L IAA and 0.75 mg/L zeatin was the best hormone combination with a regeneration rate of up to 21.3%. We have successfully obtained regenerated plants with a high mutation rate four months after protoplast isolation and transfection. Out of 110 regenerated M0 plants obtained, 35 (31.8%) were mutated targeting both SP and SP5G genes simultaneously and the editing efficiency was up to 60% in at least one allele in either SP or SP5G genes.