bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putting the Crisis to Work
Authors: Stead Victoria , Petrou Kirstie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs international borders closed amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the Australian horticultural industry experienced a dramatic reduction of key groups of workers upon which it has come to depend, particularly at harvest. These labour shortages focused public attention on the importance of seasonal labour for horticultural production and the availability of fresh fruit and produce, resulting in a paradoxical revaluation of that work. On the one hand, seasonal farm work was revalued as essential labour, and migrant workers were acknowledged as critical to Australia’s food security. On the other hand, the increased visibility of seasonal farm work highlighted its systematicdevaluing as so-called unskilled work that is done for low wages, under often poor conditions, and that is widely figured through racialized narratives. Faced with the prospect of critical labour shortages, both industry and government sought—and largely failed—to reinscribe the terms by which seasonal labour was imagined in attempts to make it attractive to “local” workers. What resulted was an entrenching of uneven distributions of precarity, risk and vulnerability along the fault lines of race and migration status.
Hidden symmetry of the static response of black holes: applications to Love numbers
Authors: Achour Jibril Ben , Livine Etera R. , Mukohyama Shinji , Uzan Jean-Philippe 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We show that any static linear perturbations around Schwarzschild black holes enjoy a set of conserved charges which forms a centrally extended Schrödinger algebra $$ \mathfrak{sh} $$
sh
(1) = $$ \mathfrak{sl} $$
sl
(2, ℝ) ⋉ $$ \mathcal{H} $$
H
. The central charge is given by the black hole mass, echoing results on black hole entropy from near-horizon diffeomorphism symmetry. The finite symmetry transformations generated by these conserved charges correspond to Galilean and conformal transformations of the static field and of the coordinates. This new structure allows one to discuss the static response of a Schwarzschild black hole in the test field approximation from a symmetry-based approach. First we show that the (horizontal) symmetry protecting the vanishing of the Love numbers recently exhibited by Hui et al., dubbed the HJPSS symmetry, coincides with one of the $$ \mathfrak{sl} $$
sl
(2, ℝ) generators of the Schrödinger group. Then, it is demonstrated that the HJPSS symmetry is selected thanks to the spontaneous breaking of the full Schrödinger symmetry at the horizon down to a simple abelian sub-group. The latter can be understood as the symmetry protecting the regularity of the test field at the horizon. In the 4-dimensional case, this provides a symmetry protection for the vanishing of the Schwarzschild Love numbers. Our results trivially extend to the Kerr case.
The solvability of $$f(p(x)) = q(f(x))$$ for given strictly monotonous continuous real functions p, q
Authors: Kopeček Oldřich 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigate the functional equation $$f(p(x)) = q(f(x))$$

f
(
p
(
x
)
)
=
q
(
f
(
x
)
)

where p and q are given real functions. In the paper “On solvability of$$f(p(x)) = q(f(x))$$

f
(
p
(
x
)
)
=
q
(
f
(
x
)
)

for given real functionsp, q, Aequat. Math. 90 (2016), 471 - 494”, we solved the problem of the solvability of $$f(p(x)) = q(f(x))$$

f
(
p
(
x
)
)
=
q
(
f
(
x
)
)

under the assumption that p, q are strictly increasing continuous real functions. Now, we extend the solutions of this problem for any strictly monotonous continuous real functions p, q. Thereby, we use the methods of the just mentioned paper. Further, we present computations of the so called characteristics of the given functions p, q using the results of this paper and, finally, present a quite short algorithm with input p, q and output ’solvable/not solvable’.
Regional climate model emulator based on deep learning: concept and first evaluation of a novel hybrid downscaling approach
Authors: Doury Antoine , Somot Samuel , Gadat Sebastien , Ribes Aurélien , Corre Lola 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProviding reliable information on climate change at local scale remains a challenge of first importance for impact studies and policymakers. Here, we propose a novel hybrid downscaling method combining the strengths of both empirical statistical downscaling methods and Regional Climate Models (RCMs). In the longer term, the final aim of this tool is to enlarge the high-resolution RCM simulation ensembles at low cost to explore better the various sources of projection uncertainty at local scale. Using a neural network, we build a statistical RCM-emulator by estimating the downscaling function included in the RCM. This framework allows us to learn the relationship between large-scale predictors and a local surface variable of interest over the RCM domain in present and future climate. The RCM-emulator developed in this study is trained to produce daily maps of the near-surface temperature at the RCM resolution (12 km). The emulator demonstrates an excellent ability to reproduce the complex spatial structure and daily variability simulated by the RCM, particularly how the RCM refines the low-resolution climate patterns. Training in future climate appears to be a key feature of our emulator. Moreover, there is a substantial computational benefit of running the emulator rather than the RCM, since training the emulator takes about 2 h on GPU, and the prediction takes less than a minute. However, further work is needed to improve the reproduction of some temperature extremes, the climate change intensity and extend the proposed methodology to different regions, GCMs, RCMs, and variables of interest.
Clinical efficacy of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients over 80 years old
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Wang Xue , Zhang Mingbao , Yin Yafei , Guo Jianqiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and aggressive gastrointestinal cancer, and the prognostic impact associated with chemotherapy in super elderly (over 80 years old) patients remains poorly defined. We aimed to define the effect of chemotherapy on the prognosis of patients with CRC over 80 years old.

Patients and methods
A retrospective study including CRC patients over 80 years old was conducted. The patients were screened from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were applied as the primary and secondary outcome. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with OS and CSS. Survival curves of OS and CSS were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method and compared by log-rank test.

Results
In total, 14,748 CRC patients over 80 years old were included in this study. The median patient age was 85 (IQR: 82–87). All patients were divided into surgical group and non-surgical group. The OS and CSS of the surgical group were significantly better than those of the non-surgical group (P < 0.001). Chemotherapy can improve OS and CSS for patients with stage III and IV (P < 0.001) in surgical group. For the super elderly patients with CRC, chemotherapy significantly improved OS and CSS in all TNM stages in non-surgical group.

Conclusion
For super elderly patients with colorectal cancer, tumor treatment should not be abandoned because of their age. It is necessary to carry out clinical trials in super elderly patients.
Comparing forces on the fetal neck in breech delivery in lithotomy versus all-fours position: a simulation model
Authors: Fard Delnaz , Borchers Chiara S. , Philippeit Jill-Caren , Philippeit Anja V. , Kaukemüller Laura R. , Higgins-wood Lara R. , Papageorgiou Spyridon , Hillemanns Peter , von Kaisenberg Constantin S. , Klapdor Rüdiger 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To measure forces applied to the fetal neck, in a simulation model for breech delivery, in both lithotomy versus all-fours position.

Methods
We used a Laerdal SimMom simulator and a Birthing Baby together with PROMPT Flex Software. The descent of the fetus was accomplished using the Automatic Delivery Module 2. The baby was always in breech position; the SimMom in either all-fours or lithotomy positions. Sensors were located inside the fetal neck region to simulate forces applied to the plexus.

Results
The lowest force on the fetal neck region was recorded for the delivery in all-fours position without further maneuvers (mean force 58.70 Newton, standard deviation 2.54 N). As weight was added to the baby, the force increased (i.e. + 500 g, mean force 71.8 N, SD 3.08 N, p < 0.001). Delivery in lithotomy position resulted in a mean force of 81.56 N (SD 19.55 N). The force significantly increased in case of delivery of the head without assistance from contractions (mean force 127.93 N, SD 23.10 N). In all-fours position, the delivery of the fetal head from pelvic floor level without contractions (Frank’s Nudge maneuver) resulted in a mean force of 118.45 N (SD 15.48 N, p = 0.02). Maneuvers for shoulder dystocia (the inverted type that can occur during breech delivery) led to significantly higher mean forces independent from birthing positions.

Conclusion
Breech delivery in all-fours position was associated with the lowest force acting on the fetal neck in our simulation model.
Comparison of different oval window sealing materials in stapes surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Scarpa Alfonso , Marra Pasquale , Ralli Massimo , Viola Pasquale , Gioacchini Federico Maria , Chiarella Giuseppe , Salzano Francesco Antonio , De Luca Pietro , Ricciardiello Filippo , Cassandro Claudia , Corbi Grazia Maria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
To compare the efficacy and safety characteristics of different materials used for oval window sealing during stapedotomy.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Published international English literature from January 1, 2000 to December 2021 was screened, checking for studies that compared different materials utilization in patients undergoing stapedotomy surgery for otosclerosis or congenital stapes fixation. Data related to the efficacy and safety of each material were extracted. The primary outcome measure was the air–bone gap (ABG) closure after surgical intervention.

Results
Six studies were included in the metanalysis. Because of the heterogeneity of the treatments adopted, we assessed the use of the fat compared to all other treatments, and the use of the gelfoam compared to all other treatments. In the former analysis (fat vs others) we did not identify differences in ABG closure between the groups (p = 0.74), with a low heterogeneity of the results (I2 = 28.36%; Hedge’s g = 0.04, 95% CI − 0.19 0.27); similarly, we did not identify differences between the use of gelfoam and other treatments (p = 0.97), with a low heterogeneity of the results (I2 = 28.91%; Hedge’s g = 0.00, 95% CI − 0.20 0.21).

Conclusions
Numerous options are available for oval window sealing during stapedotomy, with acceptable safety and effectiveness profiles. Based on the current data, no definitive recommendation can be made regarding the choice of one material over another, and the convenience of sealing over no sealing at all.
Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy: a long-term follow-up results for a cohort of 21 patients
Authors: Penner Federica , De Marco Raffaele , Di Perna Giuseppe , Portonero Irene , Baldassarre Bianca , Garbossa Diego , Zenga Francesco 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy (EEO) has been described as a potential approach for craniovertebral junction (CVJ) disease which could cause anterior bulbomedullary compression and encroaching. Due to the atlantoaxial junction’s uniqueness and complex biomechanics, treating CVJ pathologies uncovers the challenge of preventing C1–C2 instability. A large series of patients treated with endonasal odontoidectomy is reported, analyzing the feasibility and necessity of whether or not to perform posterior stabilization. Furthermore, the focus is on the long-term follow-up, especially those whom only underwent partial C1 arch preservation without posterior fixation.

Methods
This study is a retrospective analysis of patients with ventral spinal cord compression for non-reducible CVJ malformation, consecutively treated with EEO from July 2011 to March 2019. Postoperative dynamic X-ray and CT scans were obtained in each case in order to document CVJ decompression as well as to exclude instability. The anterior atlas‐dens interval, posterior atlas‐dens interval and C1–C2 total lateral overhang were measured as a morphological criteria to determine upper cervical spine stability.

Results
Twenty-one patients (11:10 F:M) with a mean age of 60.6 years old at the time of surgery (range 34–84 years) encountered the inclusion criteria. For all 21 patients, a successful decompression was achieved at the first surgery. In 11 patients, the partial C1 arch integrity did not require a posterior cervical instrumentation on the bases of postoperative and constant follow-up radiological examination. In 13 cases, an improvement of motor function was recorded at the time of discharge. Only one patient had further motor function improvement at follow-up. Among the patients that did not show any significant motor change at discharge, 4 patients showed an improvement at the last follow-up.

Conclusions
The outcomes, even in C1 arch preservation without posterior fixation, are promising, and it could be said that the endonasal route potentially represents a valid option to treat lesions above the nasopalatine line.
Alleviating drought and water scarcity in the Mediterranean region through managed aquifer recharge
Authors: Henao Casas J. D. , Fernández Escalante E. , Ayuga F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrought and water scarcity can significantly impair the sustainable development of groundwater resources, a scenario commonly found in aquifers in the Mediterranean region. Water management measures to address these drivers of groundwater depletion are highly relevant, especially considering the increasing severity of droughts under climate change. This study evaluates the potential of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) to offset the adverse effects of drought and water scarcity on groundwater storage. Los Arenales aquifer (central Spain), which was unsustainably exploited for irrigation in the second half of the twentieth century, is employed as a case study. Two neighbouring zones within this aquifer are contrasted, namely, Los Arenales (LA) and Medina del Campo (MC). The primary difference between them in terms of water resources management is the wide-scale implementation of MAR systems in LA since the early 2000s. Several groundwater statistical methods are used. Groundwater-level trend analysis and average piezometric levels show in LA a faster recovery of aquifer storage and less susceptibility to drought compared to MC. On the other hand, standardised precipitation indexes and standardised groundwater level indexes of detrended groundwater-level time series, which do not include the effects of MAR, show that LA can be more negatively affected by drought and groundwater abstraction. The sharper recovery of piezometric levels in LA when considering MAR, and bigger drought impacts observed when the effects of this measure are removed, demonstrate that MAR can effectively alleviate the impacts of water scarcity and drought, providing an adaptation solution to climate change worldwide.
On the Modeling and Simulation of Portfolio Allocation Schemes: an Approach Based on Network Community Detection
Authors: Ferretti Stefano 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a study on portfolio investments in financial applications. We describe a general modeling and simulation framework and study the impact on the use of different metrics to measure the correlation among assets. In particular, besides the traditional Pearson’s correlation, we employ the Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (DCCA) and Detrended Partial Cross-Correlation Analysis (DPCCA). Moreover, a novel portfolio allocation scheme is introduced that treats assets as a complex network and uses modularity to detect communities of correlated assets. Weights of the allocation are then distributed among different communities for the sake of diversification. Simulations compare this novel scheme against Critical Line Algorithm (CLA), Inverse Variance Portfolio (IVP), the Hierarchical Risk Parity (HRP). Synthetic times series are generated using the Gaussian model, Geometric Brownian motion, GARCH, ARFIMA and modified ARFIMA models. Results show that the proposed scheme outperforms state of the art approaches in many scenarios. We also validate simulation results via backtesting, whose results confirm the viability of the proposal.
Mono-PEGylated thermostable Bacillus caldovelox arginase mutant (BCA-M-PEG20) induces apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Chung Sai-Fung , Tam Suet-Ying , Kim Chi-Fai , Chong Hiu-Chi , Lee Leo Man-Yuen , Leung Yun-Chung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGastric cancer is one of the most common malignant solid tumors in the world, especially in Asia with high mortality due to a lack of effective treatment. The potential usage of the newly constructed arginine-depleting enzyme—mono-PEGylated Bacillus caldovelox arginase mutant (BCA-M-PEG20), an effective drug against multiple cancer cell lines such as cervical and lung cancers, for the treatment of gastric cancer was demonstrated. Our results indicated that BCA-M-PEG20 significantly inhibited argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS)-positive gastric cancer cells, MKN-45 and BGC-823, while another arginine-depleting enzyme, arginine deiminase (ADI, currently under Phase III clinical trial), failed to suppress the growth of gastric cancer cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that BCA-M-PEG20 inhibited MKN-45 cells by inducing autophagy and cell cycle arrest at the S phase under 0.58 U/mL (IC50 values). Significant caspase-dependent apoptosis was induced in MKN-45 after the treatment with 2.32 U/mL of BCA-M-PEG20. In vivo studies showed that administrations of BCA-M-PEG20 at 250 U/mouse twice per week significantly suppressed about 50% of tumor growth in the MKN-45 gastric cancer xenograft model. Taken together, BCA-M-PEG20 demonstrated a superior potential to be an anti-gastric cancer drug.
Buckling of Thin-Walled Cylinders from Three Dimensional Nonlinear Elasticity
Authors: Springhetti Roberta , Rossetto Gabriel , Bigoni Davide 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe famous bifurcation analysis performed by Flügge on compressed thin-walled cylinders is based on a series of simplifying assumptions, which allow to obtain the bifurcation landscape, together with explicit expressions for limit behaviours: surface instability, wrinkling, and Euler rod buckling. The most severe assumption introduced by Flügge is the use of an incremental constitutive equation, which does not follow from any nonlinear hyperelastic constitutive law. This is a strong limitation for the applicability of the theory, which becomes questionable when is utilized for a material characterized by a different constitutive equation, such as for instance a Mooney-Rivlin material. We re-derive the entire Flügge’s formulation, thus obtaining a framework where any constitutive equation fits. The use of two different nonlinear hyperelastic constitutive equations, referred to compressible materials, leads to incremental equations, which reduce to those derived by Flügge under suitable simplifications. His results are confirmed, together with all the limit equations, now rigorously obtained, and his theory is extended. This extension of the theory of buckling of thin shells allows for computationally efficient determination of bifurcation landscapes for nonlinear constitutive laws, which may for instance be used to model biomechanics of arteries, or soft pneumatic robot arms.
Heterogeneous donor circles for fair liver transplant allocation
Authors: Akshat Shubham , Gentry Sommer E. , Raghavan S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe United States (U.S.) Department of Health and Human Services is interested in increasing geographical equity in access to liver transplant. The geographical disparity in the U.S. is fundamentally an outcome of variation in the organ supply to patient demand (s/d) ratios across the country (which cannot be treated as a single unit due to its size). To design a fairer system, we develop a nonlinear integer programming model that allocates the organ supply in order to maximize the minimum s/d ratios across all transplant centers. We design circular donation regions that are able to address the issues raised in legal challenges to earlier organ distribution frameworks. This allows us to reformulate our model as a set-partitioning problem. Our policy can be viewed as a heterogeneous donor circle policy, where the integer program optimizes the radius of the circle around each donation location. Compared to the current policy, which has fixed radius circles around donation locations, the heterogeneous donor circle policy greatly improves both the worst s/d ratio and the range between the maximum and minimum s/d ratios. We found that with the fixed radius policy of 500 nautical miles (NM), the s/d ratio ranges from 0.37 to 0.84 at transplant centers, while with the heterogeneous circle policy capped at a maximum radius of 500 NM, the s/d ratio ranges from 0.55 to 0.60, closely matching the national s/d ratio average of 0.5983. Our model matches the supply and demand in a more equitable fashion than existing policies and has a significant potential to improve the liver transplantation landscape.
A Hybrid Modelling Approach for Aerial Manipulators
Authors: Kremer Paul , Sanchez-Lopez Jose Luis , Voos Holger 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAerial manipulators (AM) exhibit particularly challenging, non-linear dynamics; the UAV and its manipulator form a tightly coupled dynamic system, mutually impacting each other. The mathematical model describing these dynamics forms the core of many solutions in non-linear control and deep reinforcement learning. Traditionally, the formulation of the dynamics involves Euler angle parametrization in the Lagrangian framework or quaternion parametrization in the Newton-Euler framework. The former has the disadvantage of giving birth to singularities and the latter being algorithmically complex. This work presents a hybrid solution, combining the benefits of both, namely a quaternion approach leveraging the Lagrangian framework, connecting the singularity-free parameterization with the algorithmic simplicity of the Lagrangian approach. We do so by offering detailed insights into the kinematic modeling process and the formulation of the dynamics of a general aerial manipulator. The obtained dynamics model is validated experimentally against a real-time physics engine. A practical application of the obtained dynamics model is shown in the context of a computed torque feedback controller (feedback linearization), where we analyze its real-time capability with increasingly complex AM models.