bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cuscuton inflation
Authors: Bartolo Nicola , Ganz Alexander , Matarrese Sabino 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the impact of (generalized) cuscuton models on standard single scalar field inflation. Generalized cuscuton models are characterized by spatial covariant gravity where a scalar degree of freedom is made non dynamical, and there are just two tensor degrees of freedom. The presence of the non-dynamical scalar field does not spoil inflation but instead the modifications are, in general, slow-roll suppressed leading to almost scale-invariant power spectra. However, the extra free parameters, which can be tuned relatively independently, lead to a larger parameter range for observable quantities, such as the tensor-to-scalar ratio.
For the (generalized) cuscuton model the non-Gaussianties of the curvature bispectrum are suppressed by the slow-roll parameters, and, therefore, outside the reach of current experiments. However, generalized cuscuton models can lead to a different shape for the bispectrum which might be constrained by future experiments.
Deterministic controlled bidirectional remote state preparation in dissipative environments
Authors: Gu Jun-Rong , Liu Jin-Ming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is a significant subject to explore effective quantum communication protocol and enhance the efficiency of the transmission process in noisy environments. In this paper, we investigate the bidirectional controlled remote preparation of an arbitrary single-qubit state in the presence of dissipative environments by using two EPR states as the entanglement source. We first construct the quantum circuit of our scheme by means of unitary matrix decomposition procedure, then the effects of the Markovian and non-Markovian environmental noises acting on the EPR states are considered through the analytical derivation and numerical calculations of the corresponding average fidelity. Moreover, we adopt two methods of weak measurement reversal (WMR) and detuning modulation to improve the average fidelity. Our results show that the average fidelity can be remarkably enhanced under appropriate conditions of the WMR strength and the detuning. Compared with the average fidelity behaviors in dissipative environments, it is also shown that the two methods for fidelity improvement are more efficient in the non-Markovian regime than in the Markovian regime.
The

decay and the

mixing *
Authors: Li Jia-Ting , Lin Jia-Xin , Zhang Gong-Jie , Liang Wei-Hong , Oset E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the

and

reactions, and pay attention to the different sources of isospin violation and mixing of

and

resonances where these resonances are dynamically generated from meson–meson interactions. We find that the main cause of isospin violation is isospin breaking in the meson–meson transition T matrices, and the other source is that the loops involving kaons in the production mechanism do not cancel due to the different masses of charged and neutral kaons. We obtain a branching ratio for

production of the order of

. Future experiments can address this problem, and the production rate and shape of the

mass distribution will definitely help to better understand the nature of scalar resonances.
Mimicking tumor microenvironment by 3D bioprinting: 3D cancer modeling
Authors: Shukla Priyanshu , Yeleswarapu Sriya , Heinrich Marcel A , Prakash Jai , Pati Falguni 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) typically comprises cancer cells, tumor vasculature, stromal components like fibroblasts, and host immune cells that assemble to support tumorigenesis. However, preexisting classic cancer models like 2D cell culture methods, 3D cancer spheroids, and tumor organoids seem to lack essential TME components. 3D bioprinting offers enormous advantages for developing in vitro tumor models by allowing user-controlled deposition of multiple biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules in a predefined architecture. This review highlights the recent developments in 3D cancer modeling using different bioprinting techniques to recreate the TME. 3D bioprinters enable the fabrication of high-resolution microstructures to reproduce TME intricacies. Furthermore, 3D bioprinted models can be applied as a preclinical model for versatile research applications in the tumor biology and pharmaceutical industries. These models provide an opportunity to develop high-throughput drug screening platforms and can further be developed to suit individual patient requirements hence giving a boost to the field of personalized anti-cancer therapeutics. We underlined the various ways the existing studies have tried to mimic the TME, mimic the hallmark events of cancer growth and metastasis within the 3D bioprinted models and showcase the 3D drug-tumor interaction and further utilization of such models to develop personalized medicine.
Effect of water cooling on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded dissimilar 2A12/6061 aluminum alloys
Authors: Shi Chao , Sun Hongwei , Liu Chao , Zhu Kaizhen , Yang Qiulin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In-process cooling has been reported beneficial to some friction stir welded (FSW) aluminum alloys. But the effect of water cooling (WC) on the performance of dissimilar joints is still unclear. This work studies the effects of process parameters and water cooling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar 2A12-T6/6061-T6 FSW joints. Two rotational speeds (1200 and 1500 rpm) and one welding speed (80 mm min−1) were adopted. The macro/micro structural characteristics, microhardness distribution, tensile properties and fracture morphology have been investigated. The results show 2A12 on advancing side shows the higher plasticizing degree than 6061 during FSW. Cracks and tunnels are found in nugget zone (NZ) of 1200-80WC joint due to the poor fluidity of metals. The average grain size of NZ increases with the rotational speed and can be decreased by water cooling. For all of the joints, the lowest hardness positions locate in the heat affected zone of 6061. The effect of water cooling on hardness is found related to the nature of material and the rotational speed. The 1200-80 joint shows the best mechanical properties. Water cooling damages the mechanical properties of the 1200-80 joint by inducing void and crack defects. However, it enhances the strength of 1500-80 joint. The 1200-80WC joint fractures in NZ while others fracture in the positions with the lowest hardness. The fracture locations and morphology accord well with the microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties.
The upper critical field in the BiCh2-based superconductors CeOBiS1.7Se0.3 and PrO0.5F0.5BiS2-x
Se
x
(x = 0, 0.3)
Authors: Kiyama Ryosuke , Hoshi Kazuhisa , Goto Yosuke , Nagao Masanori , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report the upper critical field (B
c2) in the BiCh2-based superconductors CeOBiS1.7Se0.3 and PrO0.5F0.5BiS2-x
Se
x
(x = 0, 0.3). Single crystals of CeOBiS1.7Se0.3 and PrO0.5F0.5BiS2-x
Se
x
(x = 0, 0.3) were grown using the flux method. Single-crystal structural analysis revealed that the crystal structure at room temperature is tetragonal (P4/nmm). Through electrical resistivity and magnetization measurements, bulk superconductivity was observed in all samples. For CeOBiS1.7Se0.3, the in-plane B
c2 is smaller than the conventional orbital limit and Pauli limit, suggesting that ferromagnetic ordering, which has been observed in a related Ce-containing BiCh2-based compound, affects B
c2 and superconductivity. In contrast, high in-plane B
c2 was observed for PrO0.5F0.5BiS2-x
Se
x
(x = 0, 0.3). We propose that the in-plane B
c2 is enhanced by antisymmetric spin–orbit coupling, which arises from the lack of local inversion symmetry.
Reliability aspects of binary vector-matrix-multiplications using ReRAM devices
Authors: Bengel Christopher , Mohr Johannes , Wiefels Stefan , Singh Abhairaj , Gebregiorgis Anteneh , Bishnoi Rajendra , Hamdioui Said , Waser Rainer , Wouters Dirk , Menzel Stephan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Computation-in-memory using memristive devices is a promising approach to overcome the performance limitations of conventional computing architectures introduced by the von Neumann bottleneck which are also known as memory wall and power wall. It has been shown that accelerators based on memristive devices can deliver higher energy efficiencies and data throughputs when compared with conventional architectures. In the vast multitude of memristive devices, bipolar resistive switches based on the valence change mechanism (VCM) are particularly interesting due to their low power operation, non-volatility, high integration density and their CMOS compatibility. While a wide range of possible applications is considered, many of them such as artificial neural networks heavily rely on vector-matrix-multiplications (VMMs) as a mathematical operation. These VMMs are made up of large numbers of multiplication and accumulation (MAC) operations. The MAC operation can be realised using memristive devices in an analog fashion using Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s law. However, VCM devices exhibit a range of non-idealities, affecting the VMM performance, which in turn impacts the overall accuracy of the application. Those non-idealities can be classified into time-independent (programming variability) and time-dependent (read disturb and read noise). Additionally, peripheral circuits such as analog to digital converters can introduce errors during the digitalization. In this work, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the impact of device- and circuit-level effects on the VMM in a VCM crossbars. Our analysis shows that the variability of the low resistive state plays a key role and that reading in the RESET direction should be favored to reading in the SET direction.
Comparison and analysis of product stage and service life uncertainties in life cycle assessment of building elements
Authors: Morales Michele F D , Ries Robert J , Kirchheim Ana Paula , Passuello Ana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Life cycle assessment (LCA) has the potential to inform building decisions from the planning process to conceptual design. As such, there is intrinsic uncertainty that needs to be explored further to allow for proper decisions to be made. These uncertainties may be related to parameter definition, such as life cycle inventory or model as service life definition. This paper aims to analyze the influence of two recognized sources of uncertainties in LCA of buildings: product stage uncertainties and uncertainties from SL during the use stage. The Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to conduct uncertainty analysis of the LCA results of four building elements, namely, external cement plaster, external clay brick wall, external painting and internal painting. The functional unit is 1 m2 of each building element. Three different building reference study periods are considered: 50, 120 and 500 years. A global warming potential impact category is chosen since it is one of the most significant indicators for climate change mitigation strategies. Results indicate that SL uncertainties are greater than product stage uncertainties for the four building elements analyzed. Furthermore, based on the findings from this study, distribution choice influences the uncertainty analysis results in Monte Carlo simulation. Standardizing modeling of SL in the LCA of buildings could guide building LCA practitioners and researchers and lead to more comparable results.
Utility of Whole Blood Real-Time PCR Testing for the Diagnosis of Early Lyme Disease
Authors: Pratt George W , Platt Mihae , Velez Ana , Rao Lokinendi V 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Whole blood real-time polymerase chain reaction (WB-RTPCR) detection of Borrelia burgdorferi is not currently recommended for diagnosing Lyme disease. This study aims to elucidate the utility of WB-RTPCR as a diagnostic aid for early Lyme disease (ELD), defined as either positive PCR or positive immunoglobulin M with negative immunoglobulin G immunoblot.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 33,199 blood specimens evaluated concurrently by WB-RTPCR and antibody-capture serology (ACEIA) methods (group A). Fifty-six pairs of specimens from a separate data set were retrospectively identified and analyzed at initial and follow-up time points to monitor for seroconversion (group B). Also, a separate data set of 2,526 specimens concurrently assessed by molecular and modified two-tiered enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology methods was analyzed (group C).

Results
Group A yielded 1,379 specimens consistent with ELD when tested by ACEIA and WB-RTPCR. In total, 131 (9.5% of positive results) were identified by WB-RTPCR, with negative serology. Group C identified 358 samples compatible with ELD, with 31 (8.7% of positive results) identified by RTPCR alone.

Conclusions
When used concurrently with serologic testing, WB-RTPCR testing increases diagnostic sensitivity in cases of ELD.
Selection by design: Using job analysis to guide the selection of postgraduate pharmacy residents
Authors: Reed Brent N , Devabhakthuni Sandeep , Gale Stormi E , Heil Emily L , Hsu Grace , Martinelli Ashley N , Bernhardi Ciera L , Pires Stephanie , Yeung Siu Yan A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To help ensure that we were accurately and consistently evaluating applicants to our postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residency program, we performed a job analysis to inform a redesign of our selection process.

Summary
A diverse panel of subject matter experts from our program was convened to develop a task inventory; a list of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics necessary for success in our program; and behavioral snapshots representing especially strong or weak resident performance (ie, critical incidents). After achieving a priori thresholds of consensus, these items were used to augment our application screening instrument (eg, development of anchored rating scales), build an online supplemental application consisting of a personality test and situational judgment test, develop a work sample consisting of a patient case presentation, and enhance the structure of our interviews (eg, by asking a consistent pattern of questions for all candidates). Preceptors reported that the redesigned process was more organized, easier to complete, and facilitated greater rating consistency.

Conclusion
Job analysis represents an approach to designing selection processes that are more valid, reliable, transparent, and fair. Based on our experiences, recommendations for those who are considering changes to their selection process are provided.
Confluenine G, a new compound from a basidiomycetous yeast Moesziomyces sp. FKI-9540 derived the gut of a moth Acherontia lachesis (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)
Authors: Kondo Naozumi , Sakai Kazunari , Kimishima Aoi , Hokari Rei , Honsho Masako , Sato Mai , Naher Kamrun , Yuge Hidetaka , Iwatsuki Masato , Nonaka Kenichi , Asami Yukihiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Most natural products derived from microorganisms have been sought from actinomycetes and filamentous fungi. As an attempt to develop new microbial resources in the exploratory research for natural products, we searched for new compounds from unexploited microbial taxa presumed to have biosynthetic gene clusters. A new compound confluenine G (1) and a known compound (2Z)-2-octyl-2-pentenedioic acid (2) were isolated from a cultured broth of basidiomycetous yeast, Moesziomyces sp. FKI-9540, derived from the gut of a moth Acherontia lachesis (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). Based on the results of HR-ESI-MS and NMR analyses, the planar structure of 1 was elucidated. Confluenine G (1) was a new analog of nitrogen-oxidized isoleucine and had rare substructures with oxime and hydroxamic acid in molecule
Let there be clades: phylogenetics ofMimosaseriesPachycarpaeandSetosae(Fabaceae) improves the infrageneric classification of the genus
Authors: Borges Leonardo M , Pastore José Floriano B , Souza Adriana F C , Pirani José Rubens , Simon Marcelo F 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFull implementation of phylogenetic classifications remains pending, particularly to delimit infrageneric divisions of large genera. Mimosa, one of the largest genera of Fabaceae, includes five sections and 41 series, most of which are not monophyletic. Here we investigated the phylogenetic relationship among species of Mimosa series Pachycarpae and Setosae, two diverse series from the Brazilian Cerrado (savanna) Domain. We analysed morphological and molecular data for a wide taxonomic sample in a total-evidence approach. Our results show the non-monophyly of these series is more problematic than previously realized and extends to M. series Piresianae. Nonetheless, most taxa of M. series Pachycarpae and Setosae fall in a clade, which has an enlarged underground organ as one of its synapomorphies and an important functional trait underlying adaptation to fire in the Cerrado Domain. On the basis of these results, and after transferring some species to M. series Piresianae, we synonymize M. series Setosae under M. series Pachycarpae. These updates are a first step towards aligning the infrageneric classification of Mimosa with the tenets of phylogenetic systematics.
ATXN2 intermediate expansions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Glass Jonathan D , Dewan Ramita , Ding Jinhui , Gibbs J Raphael , Dalgard Clifton , Keagle Pamela J , Shankaracharya  , García-Redondo Alberto , Traynor Bryan J , Chia Ruth , Landers John E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Intermediate CAG (polyQ) expansions in the gene ataxin-2 (ATXN2) are now recognized as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The threshold for increased risk is not yet firmly established, with reports ranging from 27 to 31 repeats.
We investigated the presence of ATXN2 polyQ expansions in 9268 DNA samples collected from people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal dementia alone, Lewy body dementia and age matched controls.
This analysis confirmed ATXN2 intermediate polyQ expansions of ≥31 as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with an odds ratio of 6.31. Expansions were an even greater risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia (odds ratio 27.59) and a somewhat lesser risk for frontotemporal dementia alone (odds ratio 3.14). There was no increased risk for Lewy body dementia. In a subset of 1362 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with complete clinical data, we could not confirm previous reports of earlier onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or shorter survival in 25 patients with expansions.
These new data confirm ≥31 polyQ repeats in ATXN2 increase the risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and also for the first time show an even greater risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia. The lack of a more aggressive phenotype in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with expansions has implications for ongoing gene-silencing trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Combinations of anti-GITR antibody and CD28 superagonist ameliorated dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse colitis
Authors: Ma Kuai , Que Weitao , Hu Xin , Guo Wen-Zhi , Zhong Liang , Ueda Daisuke , Gu Er-li , Li Xiao-Kang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa with an unclear etiology. Interleukin (IL)-10 has been reported to play a crucial role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis in the intestinal environment. Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are a subset of CD4+Foxp3− T cells able to secrete high amounts of IL-10 with potent immunosuppressive properties. In this study, we found that the combination of anti-GITR antibody (G3c) and CD28 superagonist (D665) treatment stimulated the generation of a large amount of Tr1 cells. Furthermore, G3c/D665 treatment not only significantly relieved severe mucosal damage but also reduced the incidence of colonic shortening, weight loss, and hematochezia. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) upregulated the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-C chemokine receptor type 5, and Bax in splenic lymphocytes (SPLs) and colon tissues, while G3c/D665 treatment conversely inhibited the increase in mRNA levels of these genes. In addition, G3c/D665 treatment altered the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in SPLs, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs). Thus, the combination of G3c and D665 treatment showed efficacy against DSS-induced UC in mice by inducing a large amount of Tr1 cell generation via the musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma pathways in vivo and relieving inflammatory responses both systematically and locally.
Primary hyperoxaluria: the adult nephrologist's point of
view
Authors: Moochhala Shabbir H , Worcester Elaine M 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
In adults, primary hyperoxaluria (PH) does not always present as obviously as in children, leading to delayed or even missed diagnosis. When diagnosed in adulthood, PH usually progresses at a slower rate and the focus is on the prevention of recurrent kidney stones as much as it is on the preservation of renal function. The most tragic presentation is when the diagnosis is made after primary non-function of a renal graft for treating previously unknown renal disease. Recurrent stones, nephrocalcinosis and features of systemic oxalosis can all be presenting features. For these reasons, consideration should be given to screening for this rare condition, using biochemical and/or genetic means, but being careful to exclude common differential diagnoses. Such efforts should be synchronized with diagnostic methods for other rare kidney diseases.
Comparative efficacy of patiromer and sodium polystyrene sulfonate on potassium levels in chronic haemodialysis patients: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Jaques David A , Stucker Fabien , Ernandez Thomas , Alves Cyrielle , Martin Pierre-Yves , De Seigneux Sophie , Saudan Patrick 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Hyperkalaemia is frequent in haemodialysis (HD) patients and associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Despite routine clinical use, evidence regarding the efficacy of potassium (K+) binders in HD is scant. We wished to compare the efficacy of patiromer (PAT) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) on K+ levels in this setting.

Methods
We screened patients in three HD centres with pre-HD K+ value between 5.0 and 6.4 mmol/L, after an initial 2-week washout period for those previously on K+ binders. We included patients in an unblinded two-arm crossover trial comparing SPS 15 g before each meal on non-dialysis days with PAT 16.8 g once daily on non-dialysis days with randomized attribution order and a 2-week intermediate washout period. The primary outcome was the mean weekly K+ value.

Results
We included 51 patients and analysed 48 with mean age of 66.4 ± 19.4 years, 72.9% men and 43.4% diabetics. Mean weekly K+ values were 5.00 ± 0.54 mmol/L, 4.55 ± 0.75 mmol/L and 5.17 ± 0.64 mmol/L under PAT (P = .003), SPS (P &lt; .001) and washout, respectively. In direct comparison, K+ values and prevalence of hyperkalaemia were lower under SPS as compared with PAT (P &lt; .001). While the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects was similar between treatments, SPS showed lower subjective tolerability score (6.0 ± 2.4 and 6.9 ± 1.9) and compliance (10.8 ± 20.4% and 2.4 ± 7.3% missed doses) as compared with PAT (P &lt; .001 for both).

Conclusion
Both PAT and SPS are effective in decreasing K+ levels in chronic HD patients. However, at the tested doses, SPS was significantly more effective in doing so as compared with PAT, despite lower tolerability and compliance. Larger randomized controlled trials should be conducted in order to confirm our findings and determine whether they would impact clinical outcomes.