bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of biopsychological trait markers in functional neurological disorders
Authors: Weber Samantha , Bühler Janine , Vanini Giorgio , Loukas Serafeim , Bruckmaier Rupert , Aybek Selma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Stress is a well-known risk factor to develop a functional neurological disorder, a frequent neuropsychiatric medical condition in which patients experience a variety of disabling neurological symptoms. Only little is known about biological stress regulation, and how it interacts with predisposing biological and psychosocial risk factors. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in patients with functional neurological disorders has been postulated, but its relationship to preceding psychological trauma and brain anatomical changes remains to be elucidated. We set out to study the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis analysing the cortisol awakening response and diurnal baseline cortisol in 86 patients with mixed functional neurological symptoms compared to 76 healthy controls. We then examined the association between cortisol regulation and the severity and duration of traumatic life events. Finally, we analysed volumetric brain alterations in brain regions particularly sensitive to psychosocial stress, acting on the assumption of the neurotoxic effect of prolonged cortisol exposure.
Overall, patients had a significantly flatter cortisol awakening response (P &lt; 0.001) and reported longer (P = 0.01) and more severe (P &lt; 0.001) emotional neglect as compared to healthy controls. Moreover, volumes of the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus were found to be reduced in patients. Using a partial least squares correlation, we found that in patients, emotional neglect plays a role in the multivariate pattern between trauma history and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction, while cortisol did not relate to reduced brain volumes. This suggests that psychological stress acts as a precipitating psychosocial risk factor, whereas a reduced brain volume rather represents a biological predisposing trait marker for the disorder. Contrarily, an inverse relationship between brain volume and cortisol was found in healthy controls, representing a potential neurotoxic effect of cortisol. These findings support the theory of reduced subcortical volumes representing a predisposing trait factor in functional neurological disorders, rather than a state effect of the illness. In summary, this study supports a stress–diathesis model for functional neurological disorders and showed an association between different attributes of trauma history and abnormalities in hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis function. Moreover, we suggest that reduced hippocampal and amygdalar volumes represent a biological ‘trait marker’ for functional neurological disorder patients, which might contribute to a reduced resilience to stress.
Rectal Culture-Based Versus Empirical Antibiotic Prophylaxis to Prevent Infectious Complications in Men Undergoing Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized, Nonblinded Multicenter Trial
Authors: Tops Sofie C M , Kolwijck Eva , Koldewijn Evert L , Somford Diederik M , Delaere Filip J M , van Leeuwen Menno A , Breeuwsma Anthonius J , de Vocht Thijn F , Broos Hans J H P , Schipper Rob A , Steffens Martijn G , Teerenstra Steven , Wegdam-Blans Marjolijn C A , de Brauwer Els , van den Bijllaardt Wouter , Leenders Alexander C A P , Sedelaar J P Michiel , Wertheim Heiman F L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn increase in infections after transrectal prostate biopsy (PB), related to an increasing number of patients with ciprofloxacin-resistant rectal flora, necessitates the exploration of alternatives for the traditionally used empirical prophylaxis of ciprofloxacin. We compared infectious complication rates after transrectal PB using empirical ciprofloxacin prophylaxis versus culture-based prophylaxis.MethodsIn this nonblinded, randomized trial, between 4 April 2018 and 30 July 2021, we enrolled 1538 patients from 11 Dutch hospitals undergoing transrectal PB. After rectal swab collection, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive empirical prophylaxis with oral ciprofloxacin (control group [CG]) or culture-based prophylaxis (intervention group [IG]). Primary outcome was any infectious complication within 7 days after biopsy. Secondary outcomes were infectious complications within 30 days, and bacteremia and bacteriuria within 7 and 30 days postbiopsy. For primary outcome analysis, the χ2 test stratified for hospitals was used. Trial registration number: NCT03228108.ResultsData from 1288 patients (83.7%) were available for analysis (CG, 652; IG, 636). Infection rates within 7 days postbiopsy were 4.3% (n = 28) (CG) and 2.5% (n = 16) (IG) (P value = .08; reduction: −1.8%; 95% confidence interval, −.004 to .040). Ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria were detected in 15.2% (n = 1288). In the CG, the presence of ciprofloxacin-resistant rectal flora resulted in a 6.2-fold higher risk of early postbiopsy infection.ConclusionsOur study supports the use of culture-based prophylaxis to reduce infectious complications after transrectal PB. Despite adequate prophylaxis, postbiopsy infections can still occur. Therefore, culture-based prophylaxis must be weighed against other strategies that could reduce postbiopsy infections.Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03228108.
Industrial policy and the creation of the electric vehicles market in China: demand structure, sectoral complementarities and policy coordination
Authors: Gomes Alexandre De Podestá , Pauls Robert , ten Brink Tobias 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Since the late 2000s, the Chinese government has been adopting active industrial policies to create a market for electric vehicles. While celebrated as a success nationally and internationally, a closer look reveals a mixed picture with market growth concentrated in only a few cities. On the basis of heterodox industrial policy literature, Chinese-language policy documents and interviews, we develop an analytical framework to empirically study electric vehicles deployment at the city-level, and to assess the achievements and obstacles of implementing industrial policies in this sector. We particularly stress the interrelatedness of policies governing the demand structure of the electric vehicles market and its main complementary sector, the charging infrastructure, which need to be aligned in the progressively more complex segments making up the electric vehicles market. Taking this industry as a case study, we contribute to the wider debate on the determinants of industrial policy effectiveness.
Resources and Attitudes Influence Acculturation of Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants
Authors: McMenamin Katie E , Welch David , Purdy Suzanne C 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEarly detection of hearing loss leads to early intervention-related decisions. Most children with cochlear implants (CIs) are born to hearing parents. Prior evidence suggests that this increased access to oral communication and the “hearing” world means oral communication is prioritized by hearing parents. Language plays a key role within culture and these communication decisions are likely to be associated with children’s level of d/Deaf acculturation. This study was based on qualitative interviews. Thirty-two people associated with 14 children were interviewed; these were parents of children with CIs, four children over age 11 years, and teachers of 13 of the children. The study aimed to investigate parental communication decisions on child/family d/Deaf acculturation and the role of access to resources on children’s d/Deaf acculturation development. Findings indicate two profiles of family acculturation—oral and bicultural and point to a possible relationship between access to resources and parents’ decision-making process.
Do refugee children impair the academic performance of native children in the school? Informative null results from Danish Register Data
Authors: Hassan Said , Hvidtfeldt Camilla , Andersen Lars Højsgaard , Udsen Rebecca Overgaard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Discussions concerning the social impact of accepting refugee immigrants arise each time large numbers of refugees apply for protection in rich countries. However, little evidence exists on how the integration of refugees into core welfare institutions affects native citizens who depend on and interact with these institutions. In this paper, we focus on whether receiving refugees in a school cohort affects the academic performance of natives, using administrative data from Denmark, which contain test scores on all children in public schools. We exploit variation in the timing of refugees’ entrance to schools to facilitate causal estimates. Our findings show that refugees tend to cluster in schools that had poorer performance even prior to the refugees’ arrival. When we take this selection pattern into account, the effect of receiving refugees on the academic performance trajectory of natives is both statistically insignificant and substantially unimportant.
Impact of cryoballoon application abortion due to phrenic nerve injury on reconnection rates: a YETI subgroup analysis
Authors: Heeger Christian-H , Popescu Sorin Ștefan , Sohns Christian , Pott Alexander , Metzner Andreas , Inaba Osamu , Straube Florian , Kuniss Malte , Aryana Arash , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Cay Serkan , Ehrlich Joachim R , El-Battrawy Ibrahim , Martinek Martin , Saguner Ardan M , Tscholl Verena , Yalin Kivanc , Lyan Evgeny , Su Wilber , Papiashvili Giorgi , Botros Maichel Sobhy Naguib , Gasperetti Alessio , Proietti Riccardo , Wissner Erik , Scherr Daniel , Kamioka Masashi , Makimoto Hisaki , Urushida Tsuyoshi , Aksu Tolga , Chun Julian K R , Aytemir Kudret , Jędrzejczyk-Patej Ewa , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Dahme Tillman , Steven Daniel , Sommer Philipp , Tilz Roland Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsCryoballoon (CB)-based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). The most frequent complication during CB-based PVI is right-sided phrenic nerve injury (PNI) which is leading to premature abortion of the freeze cycle. Here, we analysed reconnection rates after CB-based PVI and PNI in a large-scale population during repeat procedures.Methods and resultsIn the YETI registry, a total of 17 356 patients underwent CB-based PVI in 33 centres, and 731 (4.2%) patients experienced PNI. A total of 111/731 (15.2%) patients received a repeat procedure for treatment of recurrent AF. In 94/111 (84.7%) patients data on repeat procedures were available. A total of 89/94 (94.7%) index pulmonary veins (PVs) have been isolated during the initial PVI. During repeat procedures, 22 (24.7%) of initially isolated index PVs showed reconnection. The use of a double stop technique did non influence the PV reconnection rate (P = 0.464). The time to PNI was 140.5 ± 45.1 s in patients with persistent PVI and 133.5 ± 53.8 s in patients with reconnection (P = 0.559). No differences were noted between the two populations in terms of CB temperature at the time of PNI (P = 0.362). The only parameter associated with isolation durability was CB temperature after 30 s of freezing. The PV reconnection did not influence the time to AF recurrence.ConclusionIn patients with cryoballon application abortion due to PNI, a high rate of persistent PVI rate was found at repeat procedures. Our data may help to identify the optimal dosing protocol in CB-based PVI procedures.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03645577?term=YETI&cntry=DE&draw=2&rank=1 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03645577.
Validation of a dietary advice protocol for adults with obesity in primary health care according to the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines
Authors: Rodrigues Lorrany S , Pizato Nathalia , Carvalho Kenia M B , Dutra Eliane S , Botelho Patrícia B , Andrade Laila S , Moraes Verena D , Gonçalves Vivian S S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Obesity is a non-communicable chronic disease which carries a high cost for the Brazilian Unified Health System. Standardized protocols can help primary health care (PHC) professionals manage the disease.

Objectives
To describe the validation process of a protocol concerning dietary guidelines for adults with obesity in PHC by non-nutrition professionals.

Methods
A validation study of a dietary advice protocol consisting of 6 recommendations was conducted according to Brazilian Dietary Guidelines. The topics incorporated into the recommendations were submitted to a panel of judges for content validity and achieved a Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI) score &gt;0.80. Subsequently, an online workshop was held and consisted of guiding questions to adequately improve current protocols. Face validity was assessed in a mediation workshop conducted with PHC non-nutrition professionals. Following the validation process, necessary adjustments were made to the eating protocol.

Results
The validation process was conducted by a panel of 20 judges and 10 PHC professionals. The content was validated using a 0.98 S-CVI. The online workshop expert panel agreed the instrument provides a trustworthy foundation for appropriate dietary guidelines. Moreover, the judges suggested changes to the flowchart designed to support the professionals’ decisions, discussed the absence of quantitative prescription guidelines, and offered additional suggestions to strengthen equity and encourage autonomy in non-nutrition healthcare professionals in PHC.

Conclusion
This study describes the validation process of a dietary advice protocol for people with obesity, as well as the importance of its integration into PHC.
The weak convergence order of two Euler-type discretization schemes for the log-Heston model
Authors: Mickel Annalena , Neuenkirch Andreas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the weak convergence order of two Euler-type discretizations of the log-Heston model where we use symmetrization and absorption, respectively, to prevent the discretization of the underlying CIR process from becoming negative. If the Feller index $\nu $ of the CIR process satisfies $\nu&gt;1$, we establish weak convergence order $ 1 $, while for $\nu \leq 1$, we obtain weak convergence order $\nu -\epsilon $ for $\epsilon&gt;0$ arbitrarily small. We illustrate our theoretical findings by several numerical examples.
Impact of Vaccination, Prior Infection, and Therapy on Omicron Infection and Mortality
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Zein Joe , Ji Xinge , Lin Dan-Yu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Understanding immunity against Omicron infection and severe outcomes conferred by coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccination, prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and monoclonal antibody therapy will inform intervention strategies.

Methods
We considered 295 691 patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 at Cleveland Clinic between 1 October 2021 and 31 January 2022. We used logistic regression to investigate the association of vaccination and prior infection with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and used Cox regression to investigate the association of vaccination, prior infection, and monoclonal antibody therapy with the risks of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and death.

Results
Vaccination and prior infection were less effective against Omicron than Delta infection but provided strong protection against ICU admission and death. Boosting greatly increased vaccine effectiveness against Omicron infection and severe outcomes, although effectiveness waned rapidly over time. Monoclonal antibody therapy considerably reduced risks of ICU admission and death. The relatively low mortality of the Omicron variant was due to both reduced lethality of this variant and increased population immunity acquired from booster vaccination and previous infection.

Conclusions
Booster vaccination and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provide strong protection against ICU admission and death from Omicron infection. Monoclonal antibody therapy is also beneficial.
Litigating in a jurisdiction that does not recognize the concept of disclosure—The German Federal Supreme Court clarifies the rules on document production
Authors: Gärtner Anette , Plagge Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In a recent decision relating to a European patent application (and resulting patent) filed by a non-entitled person, the BGH emphasized that judges shall apply the rules on document production such that the interests of both parties are fairly weighed.
Family law professionals’ views of post-separation parenting apps
Authors: Payne Jason L , Smyth Bruce M , Irving Michelle , Heard Genevieve , Althor Glenn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The rapid proliferation of smartphones has led to a bewildering array of post-separation parenting apps, especially since the Covid-19 pandemic. These apps usually comprise a messaging tool, shared calendar, expense tracker, and a means to download messages and documents for courts. In Australia, as elsewhere, family law professionals are increasingly being asked about, or asked to recommend, smartphone apps to clients. There is also an emerging trend for courts to mandate the use of post-separation parenting apps in high conflict cases. The present study sought to explore the views and experiences of family law professionals on post-separation parenting smartphone apps (N = 344). Data were collected in Australia and New Zealand through an online survey, distributed to a diverse population of family law professionals. We found that (i) family law professionals generally reported little knowledge of co-parenting apps; (ii) around one third of family law professionals reported that their clients had experienced, or concerns about, coercive control through an app; (iii) around two thirds of family law professionals who had recommended an app had not tried it; and yet (iv) three quarters reported recommending apps to clients. Our central argument is that family law professionals and separated parents alike need a comprehensive and more nuanced understanding of the benefits and risks of post-separation parenting apps and their features.
Exploring the K isotope composition of Göttingen minipig brain regions, and implications for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mahan Brandon , Tacail Theo , Lewis Jamie , Elliott Tim , Habekost Mette , Turner Simon , Chung Roger , Moynier Frédéric 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Natural stable metal isotopes have shown utility in differentiation between healthy and diseased brain states (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, AD). While the AD brain accumulates some metals, it purges others, namely K (accompanied by increased serum K, suggesting brain–blood transferal). Here, K isotope compositions of Göttingen minipig brain regions for two AD models at midlife are reported. Results indicate heavy K isotope enrichment where amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation is observed, and this enrichment correlates with relative K depletion. These results suggest preferential efflux of isotopically light K+ from the brain, a linkage between brain K concentrations and isotope compositions, and linkage to Aβ (previously shown to purge cellular brain K+). Brain K isotope compositions differ from that for serum and brain K is much more abundant than in serum, suggesting that changes in brain K may transfer a measurable K isotope excursion to serum, thereby generating an early AD biomarker.
Occurrence and stability of anion–π interactions between phosphate and nucleobases in functional RNA molecules
Authors: Chawla Mohit , Kalra Kanav , Cao Zhen , Cavallo Luigi , Oliva Romina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present a systematic structural and energetic characterization of phosphate(OP)–nucleobase anion…π stacking interactions in RNAs. We observed OP–nucleobase stacking contacts in a variety of structural motifs other than regular helices and spanning broadly diverse sequence distances. Apart from the stacking between a phosphate and a guanine or a uracil two-residue upstream in specific U-turns, such interactions in RNA have been scarcely characterized to date. Our QM calculations showed an energy minimum at a distance between the OP atom and the nucleobase plane centroid slightly below 3 Å for all the nucleobases. By sliding the OP atom over the nucleobase plane we localized the optimal mutual positioning of the stacked moieties, corresponding to an energy minimum below -6 kcal•mol−1, for all the nucleobases, consistently with the projections of the OP atoms over the different π-rings we observed in experimental occurrences. We also found that the strength of the interaction clearly correlates with its electrostatic component, pointing to it as the most relevant contribution. Finally, as OP–uracil and OP–guanine interactions represent together 86% of the instances we detected, we also proved their stability under dynamic conditions in model systems simulated by state-of-the art DFT-MD calculations.
An RNAi screen of RNA helicases identifies eIF4A3 as a regulator of embryonic stem cell identity
Authors: Li Dan , Yang Jihong , Malik Vikas , Huang Yuting , Huang Xin , Zhou Hongwei , Wang Jianlong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
RNA helicases are involved in multiple steps of RNA metabolism to direct their roles in gene expression, yet their functions in pluripotency control remain largely unexplored. Starting from an RNA interference (RNAi) screen of RNA helicases, we identified that eIF4A3, a DEAD-box (Ddx) helicase component of the exon junction complex (EJC), is essential for the maintenance of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Mechanistically, we show that eIF4A3 post-transcriptionally controls the pluripotency-related cell cycle regulators and that its depletion causes the loss of pluripotency via cell cycle dysregulation. Specifically, eIF4A3 is required for the efficient nuclear export of Ccnb1 mRNA, which encodes Cyclin B1, a key component of the pluripotency-promoting pathway during the cell cycle progression of ESCs. Our results reveal a previously unappreciated role for eIF4A3 and its associated EJC in maintaining stem cell pluripotency through post-transcriptional control of the cell cycle.
Effects of bargaining legislation on worker and management reconciliation decisions—a bivariate duration analysis
Authors: Reza Sadat , Rilstone Paul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We examine bargaining legislation effects on the union and management reconciliation decisions following announcement of a strike using a bivariate duration model. The durations associated with the two groups are latent, and we argue that under weak assumptions the key parameters are identified. Simulation studies show that the latent parameters are reliably estimable in finite samples. We use a large Canadian dataset to estimate effects of several policies on the strike continuation probabilities of workers and management. Our results suggest that several of these policies affect workers’ decision to continue stoppage or not. On the other hand, management reconciliation decision is largely unaffected by most of these policies. Our study also reveals interesting behavioural differences among management and workers depending on jurisdiction, sector, and firm characteristics.
Integrating dynamics into enzyme engineering
Authors: Lemay-St-Denis Claudèle , Doucet Nicolas , Pelletier Joelle N 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Enzyme engineering has become a widely adopted practice in research labs and industry. In parallel, the past decades have seen tremendous strides in characterizing the dynamics of proteins, using a growing array of methodologies. Importantly, links have been established between the dynamics of proteins and their function. Characterizing the dynamics of an enzyme prior to, and following, its engineering is beginning to inform on the potential of ‘dynamic engineering’, i.e. the rational modification of protein dynamics to alter enzyme function. Here we examine the state of knowledge at the intersection of enzyme engineering and protein dynamics, describe current challenges and highlight pioneering work in the nascent area of dynamic engineering.