bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative intravenous S(+)-ketamine for acute postoperative pain in
adults: study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, open-label,
positive-controlled, pragmatic clinical trial (SAFE-SK-A trial)
Authors: Wang Hong , Duan Chong-Yang , Huang Wen-Qi , Zhao Ping , Zhou Li-Zhi , Liu Yan-Hong , Liu Cun-Ming , Chu Hai-Chen , Wang Qiang , Diao Yu-Gang , Hua Zhen , Meng Qing-Tao , Li Hao , Zhang Xiao-Ying , Mi Wei-Dong , Chen Ping-Yan 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Postoperative pain remains incompletely controlled for decades.
Recently, multimodal analgesia is emerging as a potential approach in
the management of postoperative pain. Therein, S(+)-ketamine is
appealing as an adjuvant drug in multimodal analgesia due to its unique
pharmacological advantages. This pragmatic clinical trial (SAFE-SK-A
trial) is designed to investigate the analgesic effect and safety of
S(+)-ketamine for acute postoperative pain in adults and explore the
optimal strategy of perioperative intravenous S(+)-ketamine in a
real-world setting.

Methods and analysis
This multicentre, randomised, open-label, positive-controlled,
pragmatic clinical trial (SAFE-SK-A study) is planned to conduct in 80
centres from China and recruit a total of 12 000 adult participants
undergoing a surgical procedure under general anaesthesia. Patient
recruitment started in June 2021 and will end in June 2022. Participants
will be randomised in a ratio of 2:1 to either receive perioperative
intravenous S(+)-ketamine plus conventional anaesthesia or conventional
anaesthesia only. Given the pragmatic nature of the study, no specific
restriction as to the administration dosage, route, time, synergistic
regimen or basic analgesics. Primary endpoints are the area under the
broken line of Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores for pain intensity
and the total opioid consumption within 48 hours postoperative.
Secondary endpoints are postoperative NRS scores, the anaesthesia
recovery time, time of first rescue analgesia, the incidence of rescue
analgesia, the incidence of postoperative delirium, patient
questionnaire for effect, changes from baseline in cognitive function
and anxiety and depression, as well as the adverse events and
pharmacoeconomic outcomes. The general linear model will be used for the
primary endpoint, and appropriate methods will be used for the secondary
endpoints.

Ethics and dissemination
This trial has been approved by the local Institutional Review Board
(S2021-026-02) and conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki.
Results of this trial will be publicly disclosed and published in
scientific journals.

Trial registration number
NCT04837170; Pre-results.
Comparative efficacy and complications of long-acting and intermediate-acting insulin regimens for adults with type 1 diabetes: an individual patient data network meta-analysis
Authors: Veroniki Areti Angeliki , Seitidis Georgios , Stewart Lesley , Clarke Mike , Tudur-Smith Catrin , Mavridis Dimitris , Yu Catherine H , Moja Lorenzo , Straus Sharon E , Tricco Andrea C 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the comparative efficacy and complications of long-acting and intermediate-acting insulin for different patient characteristics for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).DesignSystematic review and individual patient data (IPD) network meta-analysis (NMA).Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through June 2015.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) on adults with T1DM assessing glycosylated haemoglobin (A1c) and severe hypoglycaemia in long-acting and intermediate-acting insulin regimens.Data extraction and synthesisWe requested IPD from authors and funders. When IPD were not available, we used aggregate data. We conducted a random-effects model, and specifically a one-stage IPD-NMA for those studies providing IPD and a two-stage IPD-NMA to incorporate those studies not providing IPD.ResultsWe included 28 RCTs plus one companion report, after screening 6680 titles/abstracts and 205 full-text articles. Of the 28 RCTs, 27 studies provided data for the NMA with 7394 participants, of which 12 RCTs had IPD on 4943 participants. The IPD-NMA for A1c suggested that glargine once daily (mean difference [MD]=−0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.48 to −0.14) and detemir once daily (MD=−0.25, 95% CI: –0.41 to −0.09) were superior to neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) once daily. NPH once/two times per day improved A1c compared with NPH once daily (MD=−0.30, 95% CI: –0.50 to −0.11). Results regarding complications in severe hypoglycaemia should be considered with great caution due to inconsistency in the evidence network. Accounting for missing data, there was no evidence of inconsistency and long-acting insulin regimens ranked higher regarding reducing severe hypoglycaemia compared with intermediate-acting insulin regimens (two-stage NMA: glargine two times per day SUCRA (Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve)=89%, detemir once daily SUCRA=77%; one-stage NMA: detemir once daily/two times per day SUCRA=85%). Using multiple imputations and IPD only, complications in severe hypoglycaemia increased with diabetes-related comorbidities (regression coefficient: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.03).ConclusionsLong-acting insulin regimens reduced A1c compared with intermediate-acting insulin regimens and were associated with lower severe hypoglycaemia. Of the observed differences, only glargine once daily achieved a clinically significant reduction of 0.30%. Results should be interpreted with caution due to very low quality of evidence.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015023511.
Risk of cardiovascular events leading to hospitalisation afterStreptococcus pneumoniaeinfection: a retrospective cohort LIFE Study
Authors: Nishimura Naoaki , Fukuda Haruhisa 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo elucidate the risk of cardiovascular event occurrence followingStreptococcus pneumoniaeinfection.DesignRetrospective cohort study using a LIFE Study database.SettingThree municipalities in Japan.ParticipantsMunicipality residents who were enrolled in either National Health Insurance or the Latter-Stage Elderly Healthcare System from April 2014 to March 2020.ExposureOccurrence ofS. pneumoniaeinfection.Primary outcome measuresOccurrence of one of the following cardiovascular events that led to hospitalisation afterS. pneumoniaeinfection: (1) coronary heart disease (CHD), (2) heart failure (HF), (3) stroke or (4) atrial fibrillation (AF).ResultsS. pneumoniae-infected patients were matched with non-infected patients for each cardiovascular event. We matched 209 infected patients and 43 499 non-infected patients for CHD, 179 infected patients and 44 148 non-infected patients for HF, 221 infected patients and 44 768 non-infected patients for stroke, and 241 infected patients and 39 568 non-infected patients for AF. During follow-up, the incidence rates for the matched infected and non-infected patients were, respectively, 38.6 (95% CI 19.9 to 67.3) and 30.4 (29.1 to 31.8) per 1000 person-years for CHD; 69.6 (41.9 to 108.8) and 50.5 (48.9 to 52.2) per 1000 person-years for HF; 75.4 (48.3 to 112.2) and 35.5 (34.1 to 36.9) per 1000 person-years for stroke; and 34.7 (17.9 to 60.6) and 11.2 (10.4 to 12.0) per 1000 person-years for AF. Infected patients were significantly more likely to develop stroke (adjusted HR: 2.05, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.47; adjusted subdistribution HR: 1.94, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.26) and AF (3.29, 1.49 to 7.26; 2.74, 1.24 to 6.05) than their non-infected counterparts.ConclusionsS. pneumoniaeinfections elevate the risk of subsequent stroke and AF occurrence. These findings indicate that pneumococcal infections have short-term effects on patients’ health and increase their midterm to long-term susceptibility to serious cardiovascular events.
Factors influencing receipt of an antibiotic prescription among insured patients in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Khalfan Mohamed Ally , Sasi Philip , Mugusi Sabina 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThere are limited data on factors influencing antibiotic prescription among insured patients. We assessed for correlates of an antibiotic prescription among insured patients.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted at the National Health Insurance Fund offices, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Data sourceWe captured data from the claim forms, containing inpatient and outpatient treatment information for insured patients, for the month of September 2019.Outcome variableReceipt of an antibiotic prescription.Exposure variablesAge, sex, diagnosis, prescriber qualification, health facility level, ownership and department were exposure variables. Predictors of receipt of an antibiotic prescription were determined by Poisson regression analysis.ResultsOf 993 analysed patients, the mean (±SD) age was 36.3 (±23.2) years, 581 (58.5%) were females and 535 (53.9%) were adults. The prevalence of antibiotic prescription was 46.4% (95% CI 42.8% to 50.0%). Strong predictors of an antibiotic prescription were being a child (1.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.2); acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) of multiple and unspecified sites (1.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.4); chronic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis and pharyngitis (4.0, 95% CI 2.4 to 6.4); being attended by a clinical officer (1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.0); attending a health centre (1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0); attending a public facility (1.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.4) and visiting an inpatient department (2.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.4).ConclusionsAmong insured patients, being a child, acute URTI, being attended by a clinical officer or dental therapist, being attended by an assistant medical/dental officer, attending a health centre or a district hospital, attending a public health facility and visiting an inpatient department predicted an antibiotic prescription. Incorporation of these findings in revisions or establishment of targeted antimicrobial stewardship programmes may lead to better antibiotic prescribing practices that are critical for combating antibiotic resistance.
Traumatic stress symptoms in family caregivers of patients with acute leukaemia: protocol for a multisite mixed methods, longitudinal, observational study
Authors: Jibb Lindsay A , Nanos Stephanie M , Alexander Sarah , Malfitano Carmine , Rydall Anne , Gupta Sumit , Schimmer Aaron D , Zimmermann Camilla , Hales Sarah , Nissim Rinat , Marmar Charles , Schultebraucks Katharina , Mah Kenneth , Rodin Gary 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe diagnosis, progression or recurrence of cancer is often highly traumatic for family caregivers (FCs), but systematic assessments of distress and approaches for its prevention and treatment are lacking. Acute leukaemia (AL) is a life-threatening cancer of the blood, which most often presents acutely, requires intensive treatment and is associated with severe physical symptoms. Consequently, traumatic stress may be common in the FCs of patients with AL. We aim to determine the prevalence, severity, longitudinal course and predictors of traumatic stress symptoms in FCs of patients with AL in the first year after diagnosis, and to understand their lived experience of traumatic stress and perceived support needs.Methods and analysisThis two-site longitudinal, observational, mixed methods study will recruit 223 adult FCs of paediatric or adult patients newly diagnosed with AL from two tertiary care centres. Quantitative data will be collected from self-report questionnaires at enrolment, and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after admission to hospital for initial treatment. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive and machine learning approaches and a multilevel modelling (MLM) approach will be used to confirm machine learning findings. Semi-structured qualitative interviews will be conducted at 3, 6 and 12 months and analysed using a grounded theory approach.Ethics and disseminationThis study is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR number PJT 173255) and has received ethical approval from the Ontario Cancer Research Ethics Board (CTO Project ID: 2104). The data generated have the potential to inform the development of targeted psychosocial interventions for traumatic stress, which is a public health priority for high-risk populations such as FCs of patients with haematological malignancies. An integrated and end-of-study knowledge translation strategy that involves FCs and other stakeholders will be used to interpret and disseminate study results.
Patient clusters and cost trajectories in the Swiss Atrial Fibrillation cohort
Authors: Aebersold Helena , Serra-Burriel Miquel , Foster-Wittassek Fabienne , Moschovitis Giorgio , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Auricchio Angelo , Beer Jürg Hans , Blozik Eva , Bonati Leo H , Conen David , Felder Stefan , Huber Carola A , Kuehne Michael , Mueller Andreas , Oberle Jolanda , Paladini Rebecca E , Reichlin Tobias , Rodondi Nicolas , Springer Anne , Stauber Annina , Sticherling Christian , Szucs Thomas D , Osswald Stefan , Schwenkglenks Matthias 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveEvidence on long-term costs of atrial fibrillation (AF) and associated factors is scarce. As part of the Swiss-AF prospective cohort study, we aimed to characterise AF costs and their development over time, and to assess specific patient clusters and their cost trajectories.MethodsSwiss-AF enrolled 2415 patients with variable duration of AF between 2014 and 2017. Patient clusters were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis of baseline characteristics. Ongoing yearly follow-ups include health insurance clinical and claims data. An algorithm was developed to adjudicate costs to AF and related complications.ResultsA subpopulation of 1024 Swiss-AF patients with available claims data was followed up for a median (IQR) of 3.24 (1.09) years. Average yearly AF-adjudicated costs amounted to SFr5679 (€5163), remaining stable across the observation period. AF-adjudicated costs consisted mainly of inpatient and outpatient AF treatment costs (SFr4078; €3707), followed by costs of bleeding (SFr696; €633) and heart failure (SFr494; €449). Hierarchical analysis identified three patient clusters: cardiovascular (CV; N=253 with claims), isolated-symptomatic (IS; N=586) and severely morbid without cardiovascular disease (SM; N=185). The CV cluster and SM cluster depicted similarly high costs across all cost outcomes; IS patients accrued the lowest costs.ConclusionOur results highlight three well-defined patient clusters with specific costs that could be used for stratification in both clinical and economic studies. Patient characteristics associated with adjudicated costs as well as cost trajectories may enable an early understanding of the magnitude of upcoming AF-related healthcare costs.
Self-focusing of a Bessel–Gaussian laser beam in plasma under density transition
Authors: Thakur Vishal , Kumar Sandeep , Kant Niti 
Published: November 2022

The model given by Patil et al., for the self-focusing of lowest-order Bessel–Gaussian laser beam, is revisited by introducing the exponential plasma density ramp in this paper. Plasma density changes due to combined effect of the relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities, which arise due to the nonuniform spatial profile of the laser beam leading to stronger self-focusing. Under paraxial ray approximation, the expression for the evolution of laser-beam width parameter is obtained and solved numerically in order to achieve self-focusing. We have observed that as Bessel beam propagates through the plasma, it does not diffract and spread out, which is in contrast to the usual behavior of light that spreads out after being focused down to the small spot. Laser spot size decreases considerably under the presence of exponential density ramp. This study will be useful for better understanding the self-focusing mechanism of lasers as it becomes effective for the optimized parameters under the proposed situation. Bessel laser beams play an important role in enhancing the energy gain in laser-driven accelerators. In addition, for all laser-driven plasma-based accelerators, it appears possible to guide a laser beam over large distances using a plasma density channel, thus enhancing the acceleration length and the energy gain.
Analysis of contact Cauchy–Riemann maps III: Energy, bubbling and Fredholm theory
Authors: Oh Yong-Geun 
Published: November 2022

In [Y.-G. Oh and R. Wang, Analysis of contact Cauchy-Riemann maps I: A priori [Formula: see text] estimates and asymptotic convergence, Osaka J. Math. 55(4) (2018) 647–679; Y.-G. Oh and R. Wang, Analysis of contact Cauchy-Riemann maps II: Canonical neighborhoods and exponential convergence for the Morse-Bott case, Nagoya Math. J. 231 (2018) 128–223], the authors studied the nonlinear elliptic system [Formula: see text] without involving symplectization for each given contact triad [Formula: see text], and established the a priori [Formula: see text] elliptic estimates and proved the asymptotic (subsequence) convergence of the map [Formula: see text] for any solution, called a contact instanton, on [Formula: see text] under the hypothesis [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The asymptotic limit of a contact instanton is a ‘spiraling’ instanton along a ‘rotating’ Reeb orbit near each puncture on a punctured Riemann surface [Formula: see text]. Each limiting Reeb orbit carries a ‘charge’ arising from the integral of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we further develop analysis of contact instantons, especially the [Formula: see text] estimate for [Formula: see text] (or the [Formula: see text]-estimate), which is essential for the study of compactification of the moduli space and the relevant Fredholm theory for contact instantons. In particular, we define a Hofer-type off-shell energy [Formula: see text] for any pair [Formula: see text] with a smooth map [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text], and develop the bubbling-off analysis and prove an [Formula: see text]-regularity result. We also develop the relevant Fredholm theory and carry out index calculations (for the case of vanishing charge).
Comparison of limit shapes for Bernoulli first-passage percolation
Authors: Kubota Naoki , Takei Masato 
Published: November 2022

We consider Bernoulli first-passage percolation on the [Formula: see text]-dimensional hypercubic lattice with [Formula: see text]. The passage time of edge [Formula: see text] is 0 with probability [Formula: see text] and 1 with probability [Formula: see text], independently of each other. Let [Formula: see text] be the critical probability for percolation of edges with passage time 0. When [Formula: see text], there exists a nonrandom, nonempty compact convex set [Formula: see text] such that the set of vertices to which the first-passage time from the origin is within [Formula: see text] is well approximated by [Formula: see text] for all large [Formula: see text], with probability one. The aim of this paper is to prove that for [Formula: see text], the Hausdorff distance between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] grows linearly in [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we mention that the approach taken in the paper provides a lower bound for the expected size of the intersection of geodesics, that gives a nontrivial consequence for the critical case.
"History of the Siege of Lisbon" - a different (hi)story
Authors: Ivandic Nathalie , Barata Eduarda Gil Lopes 
Published: November 2022

Using José Saramago's (1922-2010) novel "The history of the siege of Lisbon" (1989) as a model and example, this article attempts to demonstrate the function of multiperspective narrative structures in metahistoriographical novels, making reference to Vera and Ansgar Nünning. It discusses the problem of supposed objectivity in history studies and the invisibility of marginalised groups, who should no longer be exclusively the focus of the description, but finally also the describers. It also takes a brief digression on Hayden White's argument on the relationship between literature and historiography. By analysing the structure of perspective and by looking at the means of irony in the novel, the article aims to show how far it critically addresses these problems. It concludes that it is necessary to replace the collective singular of history (according to Reinhart Koselleck) with a more pluralistic understanding of history(-ies).
Attenuated Relationships Between Indexes of Volume Overload and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Uncontrolled, Sustained Volume-Dependent Primary Hypertension
Authors: Yusuf Suraj M. , Norton Gavin R. , Peterson Vernice R. , Malan Nico , Gomes Monica , Mthembu Nonhlanhla , Libhaber Carlos D. , Tade Grace , Bello Hamza , Bamaiyi Adamu J. , Mmopi Keneilwe N. , Peters Ferande , Sareli Pinhas , Dessein Patrick H. , Woodiwiss Angela J. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Whether systolic blood pressure (SBP) control in sustained volume-dependent primary hypertension is associated with blunted ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) relationships with indexes of volume load is unknown.

Methods:
Systemic hemodynamics (central pressure, echocardiographic aortic velocity and diameter measurements in the outflow tract), circulating ANP concentrations (ELISA assays) and glomerular and tubular function (24-hour urine collections [n=519]) were determined in a community of African ancestry (n=772).

Results:

As compared with those with a controlled SBP, those with an uncontrolled SBP (n=198) showed lower ANP concentrations (
P
<0.005) despite higher stroke volume and cardiac output (
P
<0.0001) and renal differences consistent with enhanced fluid retention. In those with a controlled SBP, fractional Na
+
excretion (FeNa
+
;
P
<0.0005) and creatinine clearance (glomerular filtration rate;
P
<0.005) were inversely associated with ANP concentrations independent of confounders. Moreover, in those with a controlled SBP, stroke volume and cardiac output (
P
<0.0001) were independently and positively associated with ANP concentrations. In addition, in those with a controlled SBP, ANP concentrations were independently and inversely associated with systemic vascular resistance (SVR;
P
<0.0001) and aortic characteristic impedance (Zc;
P
<0.005). By contrast, in those with uncontrolled SBP, no relationships between either stroke volume (
P
>0.25), cardiac output (
P
>0.29), FeNa
+
(
P
>0.77), or glomerular filtration rate (
P
>0.47) and ANP concentrations were noted. Furthermore, in those with an uncontrolled SBP, no relationships between ANP concentrations and SVR or Zc were observed (
P
>0.34).

Conclusions:
In a population where primary hypertension is strongly volume-dependent, those with an uncontrolled SBP have an attenuated relationship between ANP and both renal and hemodynamic indexes of volume overload and the vascular effects of ANP.