bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with exacerbated cognitive impairment in covert cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Arola Anne , Levänen Tuuli , Laakso Hanna M. , Pitkänen Johanna , Koikkalainen Juha , Lötjönen Jyrki , Korvenoja Antti , Erkinjuntti Timo , Melkas Susanna , Jokinen Hanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectives:Neuropsychiatric symptoms are related to disease progression and cognitive decline over time in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) but their significance is poorly understood in covert SVD. We investigated neuropsychiatric symptoms and their relationships between cognitive and functional abilities in subjects with varying degrees of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), but without clinical diagnosis of stroke, dementia or significant disability.Methods:The Helsinki Small Vessel Disease Study consisted of 152 subjects, who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation of global cognition, processing speed, executive functions, and memory. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were evaluated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q,n= 134) and functional abilities with the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living questionnaire (A-IADL,n= 132), both filled in by a close informant.Results:NPI-Q total score correlated significantly with WMH volume (rs= 0.20,p= 0.019) and inversely with A-IADL score (rs = −0.41,p< 0.001). In total, 38% of the subjects had one or more informant-evaluated neuropsychiatric symptom. Linear regressions adjusted for age, sex, and education revealed no direct associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive performance. However, there were significant synergistic interactions between neuropsychiatric symptoms and WMH volume on cognitive outcomes. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were also associated with A-IADL score irrespective of WMH volume.Conclusions:Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with an accelerated relationship between WMH and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms is related to worse functional abilities. Neuropsychiatric symptoms should be routinely assessed in covert SVD as they are related to worse cognitive and functional outcomes.
Hyporheic Exchange in a Meandering Pool‐Riffle Stream
Authors: Huang Peng , Chui Ting Fong May 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInteractions among stream characteristics, hyporheic exchange (HE), and groundwater flow are a crucial control for physicochemical and biological reactions in hyporheic zone (HZ). Many previous studies solely investigated the HE induced by pool‐riffle bedforms or meanders but few research studied the interactions between them despite this pair of morphology generally coexisting in natural streams. Adopting similar laboratory and numerical methods as Huang and Chui (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029182 whose pool‐riffle streams were straight, this study adequately studied the impacts of hydraulic and morphologic factors on the HE in meandering pool‐riffle streams and highlighted the mutual influence among various factors such as bedform amplitude and sinuosity. The results show that meanders significantly complicate the three‐dimensional hyporheic flow paths and increase the flowrate and scale of HE. The HE flowrate increases linearly with discharge, bed slope, and sinuosity. The total HZ volume and maximum lateral and vertical extents of HZ generally increase with discharge. They also increase with bed slope and sinuosity but only up to a particular threshold, and they remain nearly constant or slightly decrease after exceeding the threshold. All HE characteristics exponentially decrease with both losing and gaining groundwater flow, and losing conditions have less significant effects on the HE compared with gaining conditions. The HE in stream bank can be larger than that in streambed, and the former is generally more influenced by discharge and sinuosity than the latter. Effects of bedform amplitude on HE exhibit very complex patterns due to the mutual influence of key factors.
Experiments on the Sediment Transport Along Pool‐Riffle Unit
Authors: Hassan Marwan A. , Chartrand Shawn M. , Radić Valentina , Ferrer‐Boix Carles , Buckrell Emma , McDowell Conor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examines channel dynamics and bed load transport through a riffle and pool sequence forced by downstream channel width variations within an experimental flume. The experiment consisted of four runs across, which we compare and contrast local and spatially averaged bed surface texture and topography, sediment transport rates, and sediment mobility at five locations across a pool‐riffle pair. Sediment transport was measured using mini Helley‐Smith samplers and particle tracers seeded in the monitored riffle and pool. In this study, “local” sediment transport rates were highly variable across the five monitoring locations. The lowest sediment transport rate was recorded at the riffle tail whereas the highest rates were measured at the riffle head and the pool center. The texture of the bed surface and transported load do not explain measured bed load transport trends and depending on how the measurements are aggregated differing interpretations are supported. In general, the bed texture in the pool was finer than the texture in the riffle, however, specific grain‐size percentile classes derived from pooled population analysis suggests little to no difference between pool and riffle texture. The combined results highlight the importance of acknowledging and applying analysis techniques to better understand the inherent variability of bed load transport within channel reaches where morphology differs, such as pools and riffles.
Biomechanics and mechanobiology of the bone matrix
Authors: Ma Chunyang , Du Tianming , Niu Xufeng , Fan Yubo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe bone matrix plays an indispensable role in the human body, and its unique biomechanical and mechanobiological properties have received much attention. The bone matrix has unique mechanical anisotropy and exhibits both strong toughness and high strength. These mechanical properties are closely associated with human life activities and correspond to the function of bone in the human body. None of the mechanical properties exhibited by the bone matrix is independent of its composition and structure. Studies on the biomechanics of the bone matrix can provide a reference for the preparation of more applicable bone substitute implants, bone biomimetic materials and scaffolds for bone tissue repair in humans, as well as for biomimetic applications in other fields. In providing mechanical support to the human body, bone is constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli. Through the study of the mechanobiology of the bone matrix, the response mechanism of the bone matrix to its surrounding mechanical environment can be elucidated and used for the health maintenance of bone tissue and defect regeneration. This paper summarizes the biomechanical properties of the bone matrix and their biological significance, discusses the compositional and structural basis by which the bone matrix is capable of exhibiting these mechanical properties, and studies the effects of mechanical stimuli, especially fluid shear stress, on the components of the bone matrix, cells and their interactions. The problems that occur with regard to the biomechanics and mechanobiology of the bone matrix and the corresponding challenges that may need to be faced in the future are also described.
Structural evolution of in situ polymerized poly(L-lactic acid) nanocomposite for smart textile application
Authors: Hazarika Doli , Kumar Amit , Katiyar Vimal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis present study demonstrated the preparation of a highly crystalline anatase (ana) form of titanium oxide (TiO2) doped silk nanocrystal (SNC) nanohybrid (ana-TCS) of diameter (7.5 ± 1.4 nm) by the sol–gel method using titanium (IV) butoxide as the hydrolysis material. This prepared nanohybrid with surface hydroxyl groups acted as a co-initiator for the synthesis of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)-g-ana-TSC nanocomposite with grafted PLLA chains via the in situ polymerization technique, using tin-octoate as a catalyst. The fabricated nanocomposite had a high number average molecular weight of 83 kDa with good processibility. This prepared nanocomposite was hydrophobic in nature, with a contact angle of 105°, which was further enhanced to 122 ± 1° when processed via electrospinning technique into a non-woven fabric. The prepared nanocomposite could degrade up to 43% methylene blue dye in 15 days. This nanocomposite showed no significant molecular weight reduction after 1 h of aqeous treatment, which could be attributed to its hydrophobic nature, inhibiting its degradation. However, 50% degradation was observed for the nanocomoposite whereas, PLLA demonstrated 25% degradation in 15 days, after its end-of-life. Thus, this study revealed that the in situ synthesized PLA-ana-TCS nanocomposite could be targeted for use as a hydrophobic, self-cleaning, dye-degradable fabric.
Effect of transparent substrate on properties of CuInSe2 thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis
Authors: Hashemi Maryam , Saki Zahra , Dehghani Mehdi , Tajabadi Fariba , Ghorashi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Taghavinia Nima 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the properties of CuInSe2(CISe) films deposited on three transparent substrates (FTO, FTO/NiOx, FTO/MoO3) are studied. These substrates might be used for bifacial solar cells, in place of the conventional glass/Mo substrates. CISe layers are deposited by spray pyrolysis followed by a selenization process. For the same deposition conditions, the CISe layers on FTO show the largest grain size (~ 0.50 µm) and crystallinity, while FTO/MoO3substrates result in the smallest grains (~ 0.15 µm). The optical bandgap of the CISe films ranged from 1.35 eV for FTO substrate to 1.44 eV for FTO/MoO3substrate. All films show p-type conductivity, with the carrier densities of 1.6 × 1017 cm−3, 5.4 × 1017 cm−3, and 2.4 × 1019 cm−3for FTO, FTO/NiOx, and FTO/MoO3substrates, respectively. The CISe films also show different conduction, and valence levels, based on the substrate. In all cases, an ohmic behavior is observed between the CISe and substrate. The results demonstrate that CISe layer crystallinity, carrier concentration, mobility, and energy levels are strongly dependent on the chemical nature of the substrate. Bare FTO shows the most appropriate performance in terms of device requirements.
Machine learning-based automatic estimation of cortical atrophy using brain computed tomography images
Authors: Jang Jae-Won , Kim Jeonghun , Park Sang-Won , Kasani Payam Hosseinzadeh , Kim Yeshin , Kim Seongheon , Kim Soo-Jong , Na Duk L. , Moon Seung Hwan , Seo Sang Won , Seong Joon-Kyung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCortical atrophy is measured clinically according to established visual rating scales based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although brain MRI is the primary imaging marker for neurodegeneration, computed tomography (CT) is also widely used for the early detection and diagnosis of dementia. However, they are seldom investigated. Therefore, we developed a machine learning algorithm for the automatic estimation of cortical atrophy on brain CT. Brain CT images (259 Alzheimer’s dementia and 55 cognitively normal subjects) were visually rated by three neurologists and used for training. We constructed an algorithm by combining the convolutional neural network and regularized logistic regression (RLR). Model performance was then compared with that of neurologists, and feature importance was measured. RLR provided fast and reliable automatic estimations of frontal atrophy (75.2% accuracy, 93.6% sensitivity, 67.2% specificity, and 0.87 area under the curve [AUC]), posterior atrophy (79.6% accuracy, 87.2% sensitivity, 75.9% specificity, and 0.88 AUC), right medial temporal atrophy (81.2% accuracy, 84.7% sensitivity, 79.6% specificity, and 0.88 AUC), and left medial temporal atrophy (77.7% accuracy, 91.1% sensitivity, 72.3% specificity, and 0.90 AUC). We concluded that RLR-based automatic estimation of brain CT provided a comprehensive rating of atrophy that can potentially support physicians in real clinical settings.
A randomized trial of probiotic supplementation in nurses to reduce stress and viral illness
Authors: Slykerman Rebecca F. , Li Eileen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnimal studies demonstrate how the gut microbiota influence psychological health and immunity to viral infections through their actions along multiple dynamic pathways in the body. Considerable interest exists in probiotics to reduce stress and illness symptoms through beneficial effects in the gut, but translating pre-clinical evidence from animal models into humans remains challenging. We conducted a large trial in nurses working during the 2020 COVID19 pandemic year to establish whether daily ingestion of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 reduced perceived stress and the number of days participants reported symptoms of a viral illness. Our results showed no significant difference in perceived stress or the average number of illness days between probiotic supplemented nurses and the placebo group. Stress and viral illness symptoms reduced during the study for all participants, a trajectory likely influenced by societal-level factors. The powerful effect of a well-managed public health response to the COVID19 pandemic and the elimination of COVID19 from the community in 2020 may have altered the trajectory of stress levels and reduced circulating viral infections making it difficult to detect any effect of probiotic supplementation. Our study highlights the challenge in controlling environmental factors in human trials.
Experimental and numerical simulation of solute transport in non-penetrating fractured clay
Authors: Liu Jun , Su Yue , Shen Huan , Cao Yaqiang , Yang Wenjie , Huang Yong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA set of one-dimensional experimental device for solute transport in non-penetrating fractured clay are developed, which can study the laws of groundwater flow and solute transport under different hydraulic heads, fractured aperture, and thickness of non-penetrating zones. The experimental results show that the solute will quickly reach the bottom of the clay along the non-penetrating fracture, and there is an obvious dominant flow phenomenon compared with the intact clay. According to the experimental data and numerical calculation results, the model parameters of the fracture and each soil layer were identified, and the verified numerical model was used to simulate the solute transport in the non-penetrating fractured clay. The numerical results show that the increase of the thickness for the non-penetrating zone has a significant improvement on the anti-seepage ability of clay, and the increase of the hydraulic head pressure and fractured aperture leads to a faster growth rate of the solute concentration, which indicates that the solute breaks down the lower impermeable clay layer under high head pressure. The research results are of great significance for the bottom anti-seepage layer similar to landfill projects.
Predation of ant species Lasius alienus on tick eggs: impacts of egg wax coating and tick species
Authors: Kar Sirri , Sirin Deniz , Akyildiz Gurkan , Sakaci Zafer , Talay Sengul , Camlitepe Yilmaz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeveral animal species, including ants, have been reported to be capable of predation on ticks. However, determining factors in most interactions between ticks and predators have not yet been fully deciphered. We hypothesized that the ant species Lasius alienus, which is unknown whether it has any impact on ticks, may exhibit predation on the eggs of tick species Hyalomma marginatum, H. excavatum, and Rhipicephalus bursa, and that the tick egg wax can be the main determinant in possible predation. In the study, 6300 tick eggs with the natural wax coating (waxed/untreated) and 2700 dewaxed tick eggs, the wax of which was removed in the laboratory, were repeatedly presented to the foraging workers belonging to three different ant nests in their natural habitat. Depending on the tick species and trials, the rate of the eggs carried by the ants ranged from 12.8 to 52.1% in the waxed and from 59.8 to 78.4% in the dewaxed eggs. It was observed that the dewaxing process both increased the interest of the ants in the eggs and resulted in a reduction in the variation associated with tick species. This study showed that L. alienus has a predatory effect on tick eggs, the severity of this impact is closely associated with the tick species, the tick-associated difference is caused by the species-specific property of the egg wax, and the variety in the protective effects of the wax seems to be an evolutional result of the biological and ecological adaptation process of the species.
Homodimerized cytoplasmic domain of PD-L1 regulates its complex glycosylation in living cells
Authors: Zhou Li , Chai Fangni , He Yong , Zhou Zhihui , Guo Shupan , Li Pan , Sun Qi , Zu Xueyin , Liu Xin , Huang Qin , Zhong Yanping , Zhou Aolan , Wang Xueyun , Ren Haiyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhether membrane-anchored PD-L1 homodimerizes in living cells is controversial. The biological significance of the homodimer waits to be expeditiously explored. However, characterization of the membrane-anchored full-length PD-L1 homodimer is challenging, and unconventional approaches are needed. By using genetically incorporated crosslinkers, we showed that full length PD-L1 forms homodimers and tetramers in living cells. Importantly, the homodimerized intracellular domains of PD-L1 play critical roles in its complex glycosylation. Further analysis identified three key arginine residues in the intracellular domain of PD-L1 as the regulating unit. In the PD-L1/PD-L1-3RE homodimer, mutations result in a decrease in the membrane abundance and an increase in the Golgi of wild-type PD-L1. Notably, PD-1 binding to abnormally glycosylated PD-L1 on cancer cells was attenuated, and subsequent T-cell induced toxicity increased. Collectively, our study demonstrated that PD-L1 indeed forms homodimers in cells, and the homodimers play important roles in PD-L1 complex glycosylation and T-cell mediated toxicity.
Reconstructing Kinetic Models for Dynamical Studies of Metabolism using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Choudhury Subham , Moret Michael , Salvy Pierre , Weilandt Daniel , Hatzimanikatis Vassily , Miskovic Ljubisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKinetic models of metabolism relate metabolic fluxes, metabolite concentrations and enzyme levels through mechanistic relations, rendering them essential for understanding, predicting and optimizing the behaviour of living organisms. However, due to the lack of kinetic data, traditional kinetic modelling often yields only a few or no kinetic models with desirable dynamical properties, making the analysis unreliable and computationally inefficient. We present REKINDLE (Reconstruction of Kinetic Models using Deep Learning), a deep-learning-based framework for efficiently generating kinetic models with dynamic properties matching the ones observed in cells. We showcase REKINDLE’s capabilities to navigate through the physiological states of metabolism using small numbers of data with significantly lower computational requirements. The results show that data-driven neural networks assimilate implicit kinetic knowledge and structure of metabolic networks and generate kinetic models with tailored properties and statistical diversity. We anticipate that our framework will advance our understanding of metabolism and accelerate future research in biotechnology and health.
Past rapid warmings as a constraint on greenhouse-gas climate feedbacks
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Prentice Iain Colin , Menviel Laurie , Harrison Sandy P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There are large uncertainties in the estimation of greenhouse-gas climate feedback. Recent observations do not provide strong constraints because they are short and complicated by human interventions, while model-based estimates differ considerably. Rapid climate changes during the last glacial period (Dansgaard-Oeschger events), observed near-globally, were comparable in both rate and magnitude to current and projected 21st century climate warming and therefore provide a relevant constraint on feedback strength. Here we use these events to quantify the centennial-scale feedback strength of CO2, CH4 and N2O by relating global mean temperature changes, simulated by an appropriately forced low-resolution climate model, to the radiative forcing of these greenhouse gases derived from their concentration changes in ice-core records. We derive feedback estimates (95% CI) of 0.155 ± 0.035 W m−2 K−1 for CO2, 0.114 ± 0.013 W m−2 K−1 for CH4 and 0.106 ± 0.026 W m−2 K−1 for N2O. This indicates that much lower or higher estimates, particularly some previously published values for CO2, are unrealistic.
Intervention Research to Increase Pediatric Hearing Device Use: A Scoping Review
Authors: Muñoz Karen , Ortiz Diana , Bolinger Cameron , Twohig Michael P. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
This study is a scoping review examining interventions to increase hearing device use for children.

Method:
Online databases were used to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published prior to November 1, 2021, yielding 1,288 after duplications were removed. Four articles met the inclusion criteria after articles were screened by title name and abstract and subsequent full-text screening of six articles. A qualitative analysis was conducted to identify features of the intervention studies related to the participants, design, intervention, key findings, and limitations.

Results:
The included studies were published between 1982 and 2021, and in all four studies, the children used hearing aids. All four of the studies used a longitudinal design to address hearing aid use problems, with the timeframe ranging from approximately 1 month to 6 months and had variable success in increasing use time. None of the studies included a protocol, such as counseling skills, for addressing internal challenges that interfere with hearing aid use.

Conclusions:
Review of the limited research in this area found variable effectiveness for the interventions studied. There is an urgent need for research in this area to inform clinical practice and provide evidence-based interventions to address malleable factors that interfere with audibility for children who use hearing devices.
Trifluoromethylated Amidrazone Derivatives as Key Compounds for the Synthesis of 4-Aryl-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles
Authors: Zeinali Najmeh , Darehkordi Ali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA novel, efficient, and solvent-free approach for the synthesis of aryl-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles is disclosed via the nucleophilic intramolecular cyclization reaction of trifluoromethylated amidrazone and 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic anhydride. The trifluoromethylated amidrazone intermediates used in this project are synthesized from the reaction of N-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetimidoyl chloride derivatives and hydrazine hydrate at ambient temperature in excellent yields.