bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving species‐based area protection in Antarctica
Authors: Phillips Laura M. , Leihy Rachel I. , Chown Steven L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArea protection is a major mechanism deployed for environmental conservation in Antarctica. Yet, the Antarctic protected areas network is widely acknowledged as inadequate, in part because the criteria for area protection south of 60°S are not fully applied. The most poorly explored of these criteria is the type locality of species, which provides the primary legal means for Antarctic species‐based area protection and a method for conserving species even if little is known about their habitat or distribution. The type locality criterion has not been systematically assessed since its incorporation into the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty in 1991, so the extent to which the criterion is being met or might be useful for area protection is largely unknown. To address the matter, we created and analyzed a comprehensive database of Antarctic type localities of terrestrial and lacustrine lichens, plants, and animals. We compiled the database via a literature search of key taxonomic and geographic terms and then analyzed the distance between type localities identifiable to a ≤ 25km2 resolution and current Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) and human infrastructure. We used a distance‐clustering approach for localities outside current ASPAs to determine candidate protected areas that could contain these unprotected localities. Of the 386 type localities analyzed, 108 were within or overlapped current ASPAs. Inclusion of the remaining 278 type localities in the ASPA network would require the designation of a further 105 protected areas. Twenty‐four of these areas included human infrastructure disturbance. Given the slow rate of ASPA designation, growing pace of human impacts on the continent, and the management burden associated with ASPAs, we propose ways in which the type locality criterion might best be deployed. These include a comprehensive, systematic conservation planning approach and an alternative emphasis on the habitat of species, rather than on a single locality.
Psychokutane Nebenwirkungen bei Konsum und Missbrauch verschreibungspflichtiger Stimulanzien: Eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Moattari Cameron R. , França Katlein 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungWenngleich selten, so wird doch immer wieder von psychokutanen Störungen durch verschreibungspflichtige Stimulanzien berichtet. Es wurde eine systematische Suche nach Fallberichten und Fallserien zu Trichotillomanie, taktilen Halluzinationen und Dermatozoenwahn durch verschreibungspflichtige Stimulanzien durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden die relevanten Daten aus 22 Fallberichten ausgewertet. Die meisten Patienten mit Trichotillomanie und taktilen Halluzinationen durch verschreibungspflichtige Stimulanzien waren männliche pädiatrische Patienten, die wegen einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‐/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) behandelt wurden. Die Symptome klangen nach Absetzen der betreffenden Medikamente ab. Patienten mit Wahnvorstellungen infolge des Konsums oder Missbrauchs der Medikamente waren in der Regel um Erwachsene, die Stimulanzien nicht bestimmungsgemäß oder missbräuchlich konsumierten. Obwohl sich die Symptome meist nach dem Absetzen der Medikamente oder einer Reduktion der Dosis verbesserten oder auflösten, waren bei einigen Patienten Antipsychotika erforderlich. Der beobachtungsbasierte Ansatz der Fallberichte und die geringe Patientenzahl schränkt die Aussagekraft einer Vergleichs‐ und Trendanalyse ein. Trotzdem sollten sich Ärzte, insbesondere Dermatologen und Psychiater, des Risikos unerwünschter psychokutaner Störungen durch verschreibungspflichtige Stimulanzien bei einigen Patienten bewusst sein.SummaryAlthough rare, psychocutaneous disorders induced by prescription stimulants have been reported throughout the literature. A systematic review was conducted to identify all case reports and case series of prescription stimulant‐induced trichotillomania, tactile hallucinations, and delusional infestation. A total of 22 case reports were identified and relevant information was analyzed. Patients presenting with trichotillomania and tactile hallucinations induced by prescription stimulants were typically pediatric male patients being treated for attention deficit hypersensitivity disorder. Symptoms resolved after discontinuation of the offending medication. Patients presenting with delusional infestation secondary to stimulant use or abuse were typically adults who were misusing or abusing stimulant medication. Although symptoms typically improved or resolved after decreasing or discontinuing medication, several patients required the use of antipsychotic medication. While the observational nature of case reports and small number of patients limits meaningful analysis of trends and comparison, this study demonstrates that physicians, especially dermatologists and psychiatrists, should be aware of the potential for prescription stimulants to precipitate adverse psychocutaneous disorders in a minority of individuals.
Alopecia areata – Current understanding and management
Authors: Lintzeri Dimitra Aikaterini , Constantinou Andria , Hillmann Kathrin , Ghoreschi Kamran , Vogt Annika , Blume‐ Peytavi Ulrike 
Published: January 2022

SummaryAlopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, immune‐mediated disease characterized by acute or chronic non‐scarring hair loss, with a heterogeneity in clinical manifestations ranging from patchy hair loss to complete scalp and body hair loss. An overview of the up‐to‐date pathophysiology and the underlying signaling pathways involved in AA together with diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations will be provided. Current treatments, including topical, systemic and injectable interventions show varying response and frequent relapses reflecting the unmet clinical need. Thus, the new emerging concepts and therapeutic approaches, including Janus kinase inhibitors are eagerly awaited. Traditional and emerging therapies of AA will be discussed, in order to provide physicians with guidance for AA management. Since the latter is so challenging and often tends to take a chronic course, it can have an enormous psychosocial burden on patients, compromising their quality of life and often causing depression and anxiety. Therefore, the psychosocial aspects of the disease need to be evaluated and addressed, in order to implement appropriate psychological support when needed.
How effective are ACF‐funded couple relationship education programs? A meta‐analytic study
Authors: Hawkins Alan J. , Hokanson Sarah , Loveridge Eden , Milius Emily , Duncan Misha , Booth McCall , Pollard Brittany 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince 2006, the U.S. Administration for Children and Families (ACF) has allocated $1.2 billion to a Healthy Marriage and Relationship Education (HMRE) policy initiative that provides grants to community organizations to support relationship education (RE) services for lower income couples and individuals. The policy aim was to help disadvantaged couples and individuals form and sustain healthy, stable relationships and marriages. A significant body of research on the effectiveness of these programs has now accumulated. This meta‐analytic study reviews all evaluation research reports of adult couple relationship education (CRE) programs supported by the ACF policy initiative to examine their impact on an array of couple, family, and individual well‐being outcomes. Overall, our review of 32 control‐group studies found a range of small but significant effects for couple relationship quality (d = .114), relationship skills (d = .132), mental health (d = .074), and coparenting (d = .033), but non‐significant effects for relationship stability, parenting, and child well‐being. Supplemental analyses with 19 1‐group/pre‐post studies showed larger effects. Planned moderator analyses explored significant heterogeneity in most effects, however, revealing interesting implications for practice and research going forward.
Resilience and transformation: Lessons from the UK local food sector in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jones Stephen , Krzywoszynska Anna , Maye Damian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow to ensure resilience of food systems is a key concern in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Notably, there is a renewed interest in the role of local food systems from policy, academic, and third‐sector actors, who see those systems as a source of “bounce‐back” resilience, supporting existing structures, but also as sources of “bounce‐forward” transformative resilience. Both perspectives move debates around local food systems beyond the dominant focus on social exclusion (defensive localism). The capacity of the local food sector to provide either form of resilience depends on the resilience of the local food actors themselves, which has been little investigated to date. This paper addresses this important gap in scholarship through an investigation of the “bounce‐back” and the “bounce‐forward” resilience of local food actors in the UK during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We advance resilience scholarship by developing an analytical framework which combines attention to resilience characteristics (“what is there”) and to the systemic forces that enable and constrain their development (“how things work”). Attention to social capital, we argue, is crucial to understanding transformative resilience. We present rich qualitative data to illustrate the multi‐faceted impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on local food system actors in the UK. This is complemented with a review of relevant policy and third‐sector publications which contextualise local food system efforts. We conclude that while strong bonding and bridging capitals support the local food sector's persistence and adaptability, a lack of linking social capital, most visible as a “middle‐class image problem,” is preventing it from achieving a transformative role. We argue that the local food sector needs to form alliances which would move it beyond a single‐issue topic, and articulate local food as part of place‐centred community resilience strategies that foster social capacities.
Geochemistry and Provenance of Springs in a Baja California Sur Mountain Catchment
Authors: Lerback Jory C. , Bowen Brenda B. , Humphrey C. E. , Fernandez Diego. P. , Bernau Jeremiah A. , Macfarlan Shane J. , Schniter Eric , Garcia J. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFractured rock aquifers cover much of Earth's surface and are important mountain sites for groundwater recharge but are poorly understood. To investigate groundwater systematics of a fractured‐dominated aquifer in Baja California Sur, Mexico, we examined the spatial patterns of aquifer recharge and connectivity using the geochemistry of springs. We evaluate a range of geochemical data within the context of two endmember hypotheses describing spatial recharge patterns and fracture connectivity. Hypothesis 1 is that the aquifer system is segmented, and springs are fed by local recharge. Hypothesis 2 is that the aquifer system is well connected, with dominant recharge occurring in the higher elevations. The study site is a small <15 km2 catchment. Thirty‐four distinct springs and two wells were identified in the study area, and 24 of these sites were sampled for geochemical analyses along an elevation gradient and canyon transect. These analyses included major ion composition, trace element and strontium isotopes, δ18O and δ2H isotopes, radiocarbon, and tritium. δ18O and δ2H isotopes suggest that the precipitation feeding the groundwater system has at least two distinct sources. Carbon isotopes showed a change along the canyon transect, suggesting that shorter flowpaths feed springs in the top of the transect, and longer flowpaths discharge near the bottom. Geochemical interpretations support a combination of the two proposed hypotheses. Understanding of the connectivity and provenance of these springs is significant as they are the primary source of water for the communities that inhabit this region and may be impacted by changes in recharge and use.
Cancer risk in patients with migraine: A population‐based cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Elser Holly , Skajaa Nils , Ehrenstein Vera , Fuglsang Cecilia Hvitfeldt , Farkas Dóra Körmendiné , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine overall and site‐specific cancer risk among individuals diagnosed with migraine compared with the general population.BackgroundCurrent evidence regarding migraine and risk of cancer is sparse and inconclusive.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide population‐based cohort study with data collected routinely and prospectively from Danish population‐based registries from 1995 to 2017. We computed the age‐ and sex‐standardized incidence ratio (SIR) as the ratio of observed to expected cancers among patients diagnosed with migraine in the study population overall, and by encounter type of first diagnosis (inpatient, outpatient specialty clinic, and emergency department). Site‐specific cancers were grouped according to etiology.ResultsWe identified 72,826 patients with a first‐time hospital migraine diagnosis. There were 3090 observed overall cancer cases among individuals diagnosed with migraine as compared with 3108 expected cases (SIR 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–1.03). The cumulative incidence of all cancers combined from 1995 to 2017 among those with a first‐time migraine diagnosis was 9.47% (95% CI: 9.08–9.87). The SIRs for most cancers were consistent with absence of an association: 1.00 (95% CI: 0.94–1.06) for hormone‐related cancers, 0.96 (95% CI: 0.88–1.03) for smoking‐related cancers, 1.10 (95% CI: 0.98–1.24) for hematologic cancers, and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.85–1.06) for immune‐related cancers. Exceptions were SIRs for gastrointestinal cancers (0.78, 95% CI: 0.70–0.87) and for cancers of neurological origin (1.57, 95% CI: 1.40–1.76).ConclusionsFor most cancer groups, our results did not support an association with migraine. The exceptions were an increased risk for cancers of neurological origin and a decreased risk for gastrointestinal cancers. These findings may reflect a true difference in risk among individuals with migraine, or more plausibly they reflect other forces, such as differences in medication use, detection bias and reverse causation, or shared risk factors.
External quality assessment for one‐stage and chromogenic factor IX assays in samples containing Alprolix (rFIXFc) or Idelvion (rIX‐FP) and evidence that UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme for blood coagulation samples are commutable with patient samples
Authors: Kitchen Steve , Bowyer Annette , Lowe Anna , Jennings Ian , Walker Isobel D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere may be clinically relevant differences between results of different FIX assays in samples containing extended half life FIX concentrates requiring regular surveillance of assay results through proficiency testing exercises. Control materials used in proficiency testing must be commutable, that is have the same inter‐assay properties as those demonstrated by authentic clinical samples when measured by different analytical methods.MethodsWe assessed relationships between results with different FIX assays and commutability of UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS) materials containing rIX‐FP (Idelvion) or rFIXFc (Alprolix) by comparing results obtained using widely used one‐stage and chromogenic assays during a proficiency testing exercise with results obtained when analysing a series of individual patient samples using the same assay systems. NEQAS samples prepared by addition of either Idelvion or Alprolix to FIX deficient plasma were sent to 76 haemophilia centres in Europe. A total of 18 Idelvion and 22 Alprolix patient samples were assayed in a single centre. Two chromogenic and two one‐stage assays were compared.ResultsThe pattern of results obtained for NEQAS samples and patient samples was similar. In all cases, the NEQAS sample data point was within the scatter of patient sample data in plots of patient sample results showing one‐stage assay results using Synthasil or Actin FS plotted against chromogenic assay results with Biophen or Rox chromogenic FIX kits.ConclusionThis indicates that the NEQAS samples containing Idelvion or Alprolix were commutable and therefore suitable for use in proficiency testing exercises.
Scalable and tunable Y2O3‐MgO composite for infrared transparency applications
Authors: Kumar Kundan , Oh Hyeon‐Myeong , Kim Mi‐Ju , Ma Ho Jin , Park Young‐Jo , Kim Ha‐Neul , Lee Jae‐Wook , Ko Jae‐Woong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe process‐structure‐property correlationships in yttria‐magnesia (YM) composite have been investigated. YM composite was synthesized using commercial powders via ball‐milling route with three different grinding balls (Si3N4, Al2O3, ZrO2) having two different sizes (2 and 5 mm diameter). The alteration in grinding ball material and size produces sintered ceramic having different grain sizes (420–560 nm) and degree of phase mixing homogeneity (0.40–0.70). The contamination induced by the milling ball resulted in changes in Y2O3 and MgO defect chemistry, which influenced the grain growth behavior in the YM composite. The hot‐pressed composite prepared using 2‐mm Si3N4 ball‐milled powders exhibited the finest grain size (420 nm) and better phase mixing homogeneity (0.63). The subsequent impact was seen on transmittance efficiency (71%) over the 3–7‐μm wavelength range, which is ∼85% of the theoretical limit. The findings show that the selection of the right size and type of grinding ball for milling commercial powder is a simple and cost‐effective way for scalable production of YM composite with high transmittance efficiency for infrared windows and dome applications.
Lessons learned from two clinical trials on nutritional supplements to reduce aggressive behaviour
Authors: de Bles Nienke J. , Gast David A. A. , van der Slot Abe J. C. , Didden Robert , van Hemert Albert M. , Rius‐Ottenheim Nathaly , Giltay Erik J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSetting up and conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) has many challenges—particularly trials that include vulnerable individuals with behavioural problems or who reside in facilities that focus on care as opposed to research. These populations are underrepresented in RCTs.ApproachIn our paper, we describe the challenges and practical lessons learned from two RCTs in two care settings involving long‐stay psychiatric inpatients and people with intellectual disabilities. We describe five main difficulties and how these were overcome: (1) multisite setting, (2) inclusion of vulnerable participants, (3) nutritional supplements and placebos, (4) assessment of behavioural outcomes, and (5) collecting bio samples.ConclusionsBy sharing these practical experiences, we hope to inform other researchers how to optimally design their trials, while avoiding and minimising the difficulties that we encountered, and to facilitate the implementation of a trial. Both trials were registered in the Clinical Trials Register (RCT A: NCT02498106; RCT B: NCT03212092).
Evaluation of skin using infrared thermal imaging for dermatology and aesthetic applications
Authors: Vergilio Mariane Massufero , Gomes Guilherme , Aiello Laura Moretti , Fontana Monique , Aldred Alexandre , Ribeiro João Alberto de Souza , Gabbi Tatiana Villas Boas , Leonardi Gislaine Ricci 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe use of thermography in the medical field has been experiencing a renaissance due to advances in the infrared thermographic imaging technology, which improves thermographic equipment and promises cost saving and increased safety. Dermatology is one of the most promising fields of application among the medical areas with potential for the use of thermography.ObjectiveTo review the findings on this subject and to describe the use of such technique for dermatology and aesthetic applications.MethodsA bibliographic survey was carried out, selecting relevant publications and guidelines, focused on monitoring medical diagnostic applications and benefits of thermography for dermatology, inflammatory skin diseases, and aesthetic applications.ResultsInflammatory skin diseases lead to changes of the IRT image. A quantification of treatment effects and monitoring changes on skin can be possible by repeated measurements over time.ConclusionInfrared imaging is a noninvasive, powerful tool in the diagnosis and clinical management of skin conditions and monitoring of aesthetic procedures.
How ‘significant others’ may support parents with decision‐making about their child’s cancer care: An integrative literature review
Authors: Jestico Elizabeth C. L. , Schutz Susan E. , Finlay Teresa M. D. , Appleton Jane V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo synthesise what is known from current international evidence about how parents are supported by significant others when they are faced with making decisions about their child's cancer care.BackgroundParents are faced with making challenging decisions when their child has cancer and may benefit from support. Whilst previous research has comprehensively explored how healthcare professionals can offer support, little attention has been given to how support may be informally provided from a parent's network of significant others.MethodAn integrative literature review was undertaken and reported following the ENTREQ framework. Literature was identified from comprehensive database searching across four relevant databases (CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO and British Nursing Database) and hand‐searching reference lists of retrieved studies. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised and then analysed using the Constant Comparative Analysis method.ResultsTwenty‐six articles were included in the review. Two overarching themes were identified. Theme 1—Dimensions of Decision‐Making support—included three sub‐themes: informational, emotional and instrumental mechanisms of support. Theme 2—Expectations of Decision‐Making support—identified that parents’ expectations of their own role, and the role of their significant others, affected how decision‐making was supported.ConclusionsParents may seek and receive support from various significant members of their network, but there is a fine line between supportive and unsupportive behaviours.Relevance to clinical practiceEach family's unique personal, social and cultural context strongly impacts on their support needs, and nurses and other healthcare professionals should be mindful of how parents may access support from their significant others. Further in‐depth research around this area would contribute important knowledge around parents’ support needs.