bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory effect of intracellular polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea on the intestinal microbiota of mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Authors: Lu Chun-lei , Li Hua-xiang , Zhu Xiao-yan , Luo Zhi-shan , Rao Sheng-qi , Yang Zhen-quan 
Published: June 2022

Antrodia cinnamomea is a valuable and scarce medicinal and edible mushroom. Its main active substances are triterpenoids and polysaccharides with many biological activities, such as liver protection, immunity enhancement, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral. The long-term use of antibiotics can easily lead to disorders in the intestinal flora and causes diarrhea, inflammation, immune decline, and other symptoms. In this study, A. cinnamomea intracellular polysaccharides (AIPSs) were extracted from mycelia in submerged fermentation, and the AIPSs with a neutral polysaccharide content of 82.74%±0.63% were obtained. Then, the therapeutic effect of AIPSs on diarrhea in mice caused by lincomycin hydrochloride (LIH), and their regulatory and recovery effects on the intestinal flora, was studied with fructooligosaccharide as the positive control. In vivo experiments in mice showed that fed intragastrically with 0.25 g/kg (bodyweight of mice) of AIPSs significantly reduced the weight loss caused by antibiotics and restored the immune-organ index (P<0.05). The AIPSs also significantly lowered the degrees of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in mouse serum (P<0.01). Analysis of mouse intestinal flora showed that AIPSs treated diarrhea caused by LIH and regulated and improved the flora’s structure. These effects were primarily manifested in the increased relative abundance of good microorganisms (e.g., Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Osllospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae) and reduced relative abundance of harmful microorganisms (e.g., Enterococcus) (P<0.05). This study further expanded the application value of the submerged fermentation products of A. cinnamomea. A new perspective and theoretical basis for developing new multifunctional prebiotics to regulate antibiotic-induced disorders in the intestinal flora was also provided.
Improving Event Causality Recognition with Multiple Background Knowledge Sources Using Multi-Column Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kruengkrai Canasai , Torisawa Kentaro , Hashimoto Chikara , Kloetzer Julien , Oh Jong-Hoon , Tanaka Masahiro 
Published: June 2022

We propose a method for recognizing such event causalities as "smoke cigarettes" → "die of lung cancer" using background knowledge taken from web texts as well as original sentences from which candidates for the causalities were extracted. We retrieve texts related to our event causality candidates from four billion web pages by three distinct methods, including a why-question answering system, and feed them to our multi-column convolutional neural networks. This allows us to identify the useful background knowledge scattered in web texts and effectively exploit the identified knowledge to recognize event causalities. We empirically show that the combination of our neural network architecture and background knowledge significantly improves average precision, while the previous state-of-the-art method gains just a small benefit from such background knowledge.
Sherlock: Scalable Fact Learning in Images
Authors: Elhoseiny Mohamed , Cohen Scott , Chang Walter , Price Brian , Elgammal Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

We study scalable and uniform understanding of facts in images. Existing visual recognition systems are typically modeled differently for each fact type such as objects, actions, and interactions. We propose a setting where all these facts can be modeled simultaneously with a capacity to understand an unbounded number of facts in a structured way. The training data comes as structured facts in images, including (1) objects (e.g., <boy>), (2) attributes (e.g., <boy, tall>), (3) actions (e.g., <boy, playing>), and (4) interactions (e.g., <boy, riding, a horse >). Each fact has a semantic language view (e.g., < boy, playing>) and a visual view (an image with this fact). We show that learning visual facts in a structured way enables not only a uniform but also generalizable visual understanding. We propose and investigate recent and strong approaches from the multiview learning literature and also introduce two learning representation models as potential baselines. We applied the investigated methods on several datasets that we augmented with structured facts and a large scale dataset of more than 202,000 facts and 814,000 images. Our experiments show the advantage of relating facts by the structure by the proposed models compared to the designed baselines on bidirectional fact retrieval.
SciTaiL: A Textual Entailment Dataset from Science Question Answering
Authors: Khot Tushar , Sabharwal Ashish , Clark Peter 
Published: June 2022

We present a new dataset and model for textual entailment, derived from treating multiple-choice question-answering as an entailment problem. SciTail is the first entailment set that is created solely from natural sentences that already exist independently ``in the wild'' rather than sentences authored specifically for the entailment task. Different from existing entailment datasets, we create hypotheses from science questions and the corresponding answer candidates, and premises from relevant web sentences retrieved from a large corpus. These sentences are often linguistically challenging. This, combined with the high lexical similarity of premise and hypothesis for both entailed and non-entailed pairs, makes this new entailment task particularly difficult. The resulting challenge is evidenced by state-of-the-art textual entailment systems achieving mediocre performance on SciTail, especially in comparison to a simple majority class baseline. As a step forward, we demonstrate that one can improve accuracy on SciTail by 5% using a new neural model that exploits linguistic structure.
Social Security Compensatory Payments and the Compensation Function of Social Security Law: Problems of Theory
Authors: Mamatkazin I. R. 
Published: June 2022

Social security law has a fairly wide list of payments characterized in the current legislation as compensation payments. A feature of compensativeness is manifested in pension provision, in various types of benefits, and in various kinds of social security insurance payments. In addition, social security law provides for payments that are directly referred to as “compensation payments”. This causes difficulty both in the formulation of definitions of the concepts of each category of payment, and in the practical application of social security legislation. The situation is aggravated by the fact that compensation is also characteristic of payments of other legal affiliation. Based on this, the study of socio-security monetary representations in order to identify distinctive features of the compensatory property is relevant. It should be noted that within the framework of the paper, a function is considered as an essential property of a certain legal phenomenon. Therefore, the function as a property is inextricably linked with the legal phenomenon. Accordingly, if we are talking about the compensatory function of social security law, then it should be taken into account that the mechanism of compensativeness should be incorporated into the procedure for calculating compensation payments.
“Título y modo”: el pensamiento de Andrés Bello y el sistema traslaticio de la propiedad
Authors: Monje Mayorca Diego Fernando 
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo investiga sobre los factores de influencia ideológica en la decisión de Andrés Bello (1781-1865) de proyectar en su modelo de Código Civil un sistema de “título y modo”. Mediante el análisis de datos y fuentes primarias relacionadas con la formación intelectual como humanista de Bello, se utiliza el método deductivo para demostrar por qué decidió adoptar el paradigma causalista de transferencia de la propiedad, modelo que actualmente continua vigente en gran parte del continente americano.
Axiological Aspects of Educational Activity in Postmodern Philosophy
Authors: Pieshev Oleh , Rudenko Olga , Lazareva Alla , Sokolova Oleksandra , Maksiuta Mykola , Fesenko Galyna 
Published: June 2022

The relevance of the chosen topic of the article is determined by the need to improve the system of educational activities in postmodernism.
The article provides a theoretical analysis of developments on the topic, substantiates axiological (spiritual, moral, aesthetic and other values, their relationship with each other, with social, cultural factors and human personality; section philosophy) perspectives of educational activities in postmodern philosophy, gives a description of axiological areas of academic activity in postmodern philosophy; the main directions of the philosophy of education in the epoch of postmodernism are determined; the vision of a new paradigm of education in the works of researchers and scientists is presented.
The article analyses the understanding of the problems of education in the European philosophical and pedagogical tradition of the XX-XXI century, gives a brief overview of systematic works on the philosophy of education of prominent Western researchers of these problems, taking into account their proposed educational values. Based on the analysis, the article's author concludes that it is necessary to critically review several traditions for the philosophy of education and the choice of approaches in understanding the values of modern education.
The article's author notes the emergence of new axiological paradigms of education in the philosophy of education of the late XX - early XXI century, associated with the development of cultural-centric and global-historical trends in philosophy.
METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY PRODUCTION BY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
Authors: Varlamov G. , Romanova K. , Weijie Zhang , Jianguo Jiang , Zongyan Wu 
Published: June 2022

The solution to the problem of energy saving and improving environmental security can be provided only by a systematic approach, which should be based on the analysis of the efficiency and environmental friendliness of energy production.
A methodology was developed and implemented to assess the qualitative state of operation of specific thermal power facilities by energy and environmental characteristics in real time, taking into account the set of energy, environmental, passport and normalized performance of its units, facilities and devices.
The methodology in practice allows in a complex to determine simultaneously the level of energy efficiency and environmental safety with an assessment of compliance with the level of permissible values for concentrations of pollutants and hazardous substances of the working area and their hazard class. In this case, indicators and parameters of monitoring of various processes of each individual element and component of the energy production facility as a whole, which uses as a source of energy organic fuel, are used.
According to this methodology of comprehensive energy-environmental assessment of operating conditions of energy facilities can be compared different in design, thermal, environmental and other scale characteristics of thermal energy cycles, facilities, installations, units and other thermal energy equipment and optimize the choice of energy source for heat and energy production under different schemes of layout of units within the cycles.
Application of the methodology of assessment of energy-ecological efficiency of thermal energy processes allows to assess the energy-ecological feasibility of modernization or reconstruction of facilities in order to achieve the best performance of their operation in the heat and energy supply systems of various sectors of the country's economy. The use of the method is demonstrated by the example of calculating the coefficient of energy and environmental efficiency for energy boilers of different capacities.
METHOD OF SUBOPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE INTERCHANGE POWER FLOWS IN THE INTERCONNECTED ENERGY SYSTEM
Authors: Kostiuk V. , Sidorov O. 
Published: June 2022

The method of optimized economic dispatch control (EDC) of the wide area Interconnected Power System (the IPS) with effective inter-areal power balancing is presented. The algebraic expressions valid for online computations of the best gain values for the automated generation control (AGC) have been specified to provide suboptimal control processing for the area, or regional power system (PS). Relevant operational conditions for secondary frequency and power control system were determined to compensate electric power flow imbalances in certain control areas (regional PS) of the considered IPS.
To apply optimized AGC gain tunings, the numerical values of current power imbalances should be used for computations and proposed algebraic expressions are to be embedded seamlessly into the AGC algorithms of the SCADA-based multifunctional digital automated control system, which is already operated now to provide consistent controllable support for the normal processing inside the IPS of Ukraine. The AGC controllers of the SCADA-based system should be tuned periodically according to the proposed approach and the gain values updated properly.
ESTIMATED PARAMETERS IN THE SYSTEMS OF A SINGLE-AXIS ORIENTACIS OF A PHOTOELECTRIC MODULE
Authors: Korovushkin V. , Dubovyk V. , Bosak А. 
Published: June 2022

The development of "green" energy in Ukraine involves an increasingof the amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic modules (PMs). However, PMs have disadvantages associated with the inconsistency of electric generation in time due to the diurnal and annual motion of the Sun and to the shading of the modules. In order to maintain steady generation during the day and the year, there are two ways to minimize the impact of these factors.First one is to install an excess capacity which means higher cost of the solar plant and using an additional area.Second one isto apply a system of orientation PMs perpendicular to the sun's rays.
In the article three cases of solar panels installation are considered: usinga two-axistracking system, using aheight tracking system and anazimuth tracking system. There wasgiven the method and algorithms of calculation and analysis the parameters of theuniaxialand biaxial tracking system when installed in Kyiv.The algorithm involves calculation the coordinates of Sun in any moment of time for the considered location, pass-through and absorptive capacityof the protective glass, estimation the amount of the direct and diffuse solar radiation and their impact on the total radiation on the surface of the photoconverter. There was made an estimation of energy usage efficiency levels for the considered systemsusing the proposed algorithm.
RESEARCH OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN LAMINATED MAGNETIC CORES OF ELECTRIC MACHINES
Authors: Chumak V.V , Kovalenko М.А , Trotsenko Y.O. , Ihnatiuk Y.S. , Stulishenko A.S. 
Published: June 2022

The aim of this work is to use fast-moving processes to detect defects in the inter-sheet insulation of laminated magnetic core of electric machines. Violation of the sheet insulation causes increased eddy currents as a result of increased losses and integrated local overheating in the body of the magnetic core. The article develops a mathematical field model of induction distribution in a toroidal toothed magnetic core of an asynchronous motor series 4AA63V4U3 0.37 kW when superimposed on the back of the core of the power winding powered by a high frequency voltage source in the range. An experimental study of losses in the magnetic coret and the distribution of losses on eddy currents and remagnetization (hysteresis).
When designing an electric machine, its operating characteristics, optimal operating modes, thermal condition and many other factors are calculated using the nominal values ​​of steel parameters, windings and all materials used in the machine. However, these materials do not always have the stated characteristics and quality. For example, during the manufacture and stamping of electrical steel sheets, it is exposed to a significant level of influence, which in some way affects its characteristics. In addition, even if we assume that during the production of all stages of manufacturing the material came flawlessly, the condition and as a result the parameters of materials and EM in general change during operation as a result of accidents or even simple aging and wear.
Therefore, given these facts, it becomes clear that during planned or unplanned repairs it makes sense to check the condition of materials, insulation, as their condition depends on the allowable loads, temperature, etc. In particular, the state of the magnetic circuit largely determines the temperature around the conductors in the grooves and as a result determines how long the winding will actually last in contrast to the specified service life and rated power at which to use this EM.
The concept of the state of the magnetic circuit can be divided into the state of electrical steel and the state of its insulation. The first component changes quite poorly during operation and is generally caused by the "aging" of steel if you do not take into account any serious damage as a result of accidents, but it can be damaged during manufacture. But the second component is significantly affected during operation and significantly determines the quality of the magnetic circuit as a whole.
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variant transitions using differences in diagnostic cycle threshold values of target genes
Authors: Bordoy Antoni E. , Saludes Verónica , Panisello David , Clarà Gemma , Soler Laia , de León Alexia Paris , Casañ Cristina , Blanco-Suárez Ana , Guerrero-Murillo Mercedes , Rodríguez-Ponga Beatriz , Noguera-Julian Marc , Català-Moll Francesc , Pey Irina , Armengol Maria Pilar , Casadellà Maria , Parera Mariona , Pluvinet Raquel , Sumoy Lauro , Clotet Bonaventura , Giménez Montserrat , Martró Elisa , Cardona Pere Joan , Blanco Ignacio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Monitoring the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants is important to detect potential risks of increased transmission or disease severity. We investigated the identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants from real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) routine diagnostics data. Cycle threshold (Ct) values of positive samples were collected from April 2021 to January 2022 in the Northern Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (n = 15,254). Viral lineage identification from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was available for 4,618 (30.3%) of these samples. Pairwise differences in the Ct values between gene targets (ΔCt) were analyzed for variants of concern or interest circulating in our area. A specific delay in the Ct of the N-gene compared to the RdRp-gene (ΔCtNR) was observed for Alpha, Delta, Eta and Omicron. Temporal differences in ΔCtNR correlated with the dynamics of viral replacement of Alpha by Delta and of Delta by Omicron according to WGS results. Using ΔCtNR, prediction of new variants of concern at early stages of circulation was achieved with high sensitivity and specificity (91.1% and 97.8% for Delta; 98.5% and 90.8% for Omicron). Thus, tracking population-wide trends in ΔCt values obtained from routine diagnostics testing in combination with WGS could be useful for real-time management and response to local epidemics.
Radiative heat transfer between two carbon nanotubes
Authors: Nefedov Igor S. , Davidovich Michael V. , Glukhova Olga E. , Slepchenkov Michael M. , Rubi J. Miguel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We analyze the radiative heat transfer between two parallel and infinitely long carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The radiative heat exchange is due to the difference between the Poynting vectors generated by the fluctuating currents when the CNTs are at different temperatures. The radiated and absorbed Poynting vectors are expressed in terms of the correlations of the electromagnetic fields obtained from the Green’s function and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for the current density. The analysis takes into account the scattering of the fields by the nanotubes. We show that the radiative heat transfer depends not only on the distance between nanotubes, but also on their chiralities and thus on their semiconducting or metallic nature, which would allow the design of nanostructures for optimal radiative heat exchange. PACS numbers: 44.40.+a,41.20.Jb,42.25.Bs, 03.70.+k
Longitudinal Metabolomic Profiles Reveal Sex-specific Adjustments to Long-duration Spaceflight and Return to Earth
Authors: Stroud Julia E. , Gale Michael S. , Zwart Sara R. , Heer Martina , Smith Scott M. , Montina Tony , Metz Gerlinde AS 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Spaceflight entails a variety of environmental and psychological stressors that may have long-term physiological and genomic consequences. Metabolomics, an approach that investigates the terminal metabolites of complex physiological alterations, takes into account the dynamic state of the human body and allows the identification and quantification of down-stream metabolic outputs linked to up-stream physiological and genomic regulation by stress. Employing a metabolomics-based approach, this study investigated the longitudinal metabolic perturbations of male (n=40) and female (n=11) astronauts on 4-6-month missions to the International Space Station. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy followed by univariate, multivariate and machine learning analyses were used on blood serum to examine sex-specific metabolic changes at various time points throughout the astronauts’ missions, and the metabolic effects of long-duration space travel. Space travel generated sex-specific changes in energy metabolism, bone mineral and muscle regulation, immunity, and macromolecule maintenance and synthesis. Additionally, metabolic signatures suggest differential metabolic responses especially during the recovery period, with females requiring more time to adjust to return to Earth. These findings provide insight into the perturbations in glucose and amino acid metabolism and macromolecule biosynthesis that result from the stressors of long-duration spaceflight. Metabolomic biomarkers may provide a viable approach to predicting and diagnosing health risks associated with prolonged space travel and other physiological challenges on Earth.