bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA ACTR2 activates M2 polarization of macrophages through activating Yes‐associated protein signalling and contributes to renal fibrosis
Authors: Fu Hua , Chu Ling , Yuan Yi‐Shu , Liao Shan , Wang Guo‐Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMacrophages, associated with their heterogenous and dynamic polarization status, actively shape the development of renal fibrosis (RF). In this study, we revealed the significance of a signalling axis, circular RNA ACTR2 (circACTR2)/miR‐200c/Yes‐associated protein (YAP), in regulating macrophage polarization and the development of RF. A unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO)‐induced RF model was established in vivo. In vitro, interferon‐γ (IFNγ) and interleukin (IL)‐4 were applied to induce M1 and M2 polarization, respectively. The abundance of M1 and M2 macrophages were examined by immunofluorescence (IF) or flow cytrometry on markers specific for each subtype. Expressions of circACTR2, miR‐200c and YAP were measured by quantitative real‐time‐polymerase chain reaction and/or Western blotting. Interactions between circACTR2, miR‐200c and YAP were examined by combining luciferase assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and IF. Impact of targeting circACTR2 on RF and macrophage polarization was also examined in vivo. UUO‐induced RF was associated with increased M1 and M2 macrophages, up‐regulations of circACTR2 and YAP and the down‐regulation of miR‐200c in the obstructed kidney. circACTR2 was essential for IL‐4‐induced M2 polarization, but not IFNγ‐induced M1 polarization. This activity of circACTR2 was mediated by sponging miR‐200c and activating the downstream YAP signalling. In vivo, knocking down circACTR2 boosted miR‐200c expression, reduced YAP level, lowered M2 macrophages in obstructed kidney and ameliorated UUO‐induced RF. circACTR2, by targeting and sponging miR‐200c, activates YAP signalling, stimulates M2 macrophage polarization and promotes the development of RF. Therefore, targeting circACTR2 may benefit the treatment of RF.
Recent advances in the therapeutic efficacy of hepatocyte growth factor gene‐modified mesenchymal stem cells in multiple disease settings
Authors: Meng Hong‐fang , Jin Jide , Wang Hua , Wang Li‐sheng , Wu Chu‐tse 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is considered a new treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries, but challenges remain, such as poor survival, homing and engraftment rates, thus limiting the therapeutic efficacy of the transplanted MSCs. Many strategies have been developed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, such as preconditioning, co‐transplantation with graft materials and gene modification. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is secreted by MSCs, which plays an important role in MSC therapy. It has been reported that the modification of the HGF gene is beneficial to the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, including diseases of the heart, lung, liver, urinary system, bone and skin, lower limb ischaemia and immune‐related diseases. This review focused on studies involving HGF/MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. The characteristics of HGF/MSCs were summarized, and the mechanisms of their improved therapeutic efficacy were analysed. Furthermore, some insights are provided for HGF/MSCs' clinical application based on our understanding of the HGF gene and MSC therapy.
Downregulation of miRNA‐26 in chronic periodontitis interferes with innate immune responses and cell migration by targeting phospholipase C beta 1
Authors: Uttamani Juhi R. , Naqvi Afsar R. , Estepa Araceli Maria Valverde , Kulkarni Varun , Brambila Maria F. , Martínez Gloria , Chapa Gabriela , Wu Christine D. , Li Wei , Rivas‐Tumanyan Sona , Nares Salvador 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the potential role of miR‐26 family members in periodontal pathogenesis by assessing innate immune responses to periopathic bacteria and regulation of cytoskeletal organization.Materials and MethodsExpression of miR‐26a‐5p and miR‐26b‐5p was quantified in gingival biopsies derived from healthy and periodontally diseased subjects before and after non‐surgical (scaling and root planing) therapy by RT‐qPCR. Global pathway analysis and luciferase assays were performed for target identification and validation. Cytokine expression was assessed in miR‐26a‐5p transfected human oral keratinocytes upon stimulation with either live Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans or Pg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Wound closure assays were performed in cells transfected with miR‐26a‐5p, while the impact on cytoskeletal organization was assessed by F‐actin staining.ResultsmiR‐26a‐5p and miR‐26b‐5p were downregulated in diseased gingiva and restored 4–6 weeks post‐therapy to levels comparable with healthy subjects. Target validation assays identified phospholipase C beta 1 as a bona fide novel target exhibiting antagonistic expression pattern in disease and post‐therapy cohorts. miR‐26a‐5p transfected cells secreted higher levels of cytokine/chemokines upon stimulation with periopathogens and demonstrated impaired cell migration and cytoskeletal rearrangement.ConclusionsDownregulated miR‐26a‐5p levels in periodontal inflammation may interfere with key cellular functions that may have significant implications for host defence and wound healing.
The global prevalence of primary psychodermatologic disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Turk T. , Liu C. , Straube S. , Dytoc M. , Hagtvedt R. , Dennett L. , Abba‐Aji A. , Fujiwara E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe management of primary psychodermatologic disorders (PPDs) (i.e. psychiatric disorders with dermatologic presentation) is challenging. The scarceness of reported prevalence hinders the development of coordinated interventions to improve healthcare delivery. This review aimed to explore the global prevalence of PPDs. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses statement. Of the 4632 identified publications, 59 were included. Five PPDs were investigated from the included studies: delusional parasitosis (n = 9), skin picking disorder (n = 26), trichotillomania (n = 26), tanning dependence (n = 5) and repetitive nail biting (n = 6). Delusional parasitosis was rare in the general population (prevalence ranging from 0.0002% to 0.03%), with higher rates in psychiatric settings (outpatient = 0.5%; inpatient = 0.1%). Other pathologic or subclinical forms of PPDs had a minimum prevalence of 0.3% (median = 7.0%; mean = 17.0%). The distribution of the prevalence rates was highly skewed, with large differences based on the study setting (e.g. dermatologic settings, psychiatric settings, and general population). The most common condition was pathologic skin picking (prevalence, 1.2%–11.2%) in the general population. Its rates were higher in the psychiatric settings (obsessive–compulsive disorder, 38.5%; Tourette syndrome, 13.0%; body dysmorphic disorder, 26.8%–64.7%). The prevalence of trichotillomania in the general population ranged from 0.6% to 2.9%, while that of pathologic tanning and nail biting could not be ascertained as the studies were mainly in students (range; 12.0%–39.3% and 3.0%–10.1%, respectively). In conclusion, PPDs are common, especially in the dermatologic and psychiatric settings. Further population‐based studies are needed to determine more accurate prevalence rates.
The impact of the pulsed electric field on the structural, morphological, functional, textural, and rheological properties of red rice starch (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Almeida Raphael Lucas Jacinto , Santos Newton Carlos , Feitoza João Vítor Fonseca , de Alcântara Ribeiro Victor Hebert , de Alcântara Silva Virgínia Mirtes , de Figueiredo Maria José , Ribeiro Celene Ataide Cordeiro , Galdino Pablícia Oliveira , Queiroga Adriano Heverson Feitosa , de Sousa Muniz Cecília Elisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) on the structural, morphological, functional, textural and rheological properties of red rice starch (Oryza sativa). The 5 mm thick starch pastes were subjected to PEF at 10 and 30 kV cm−1 with a pulse frequency of 600 Hz for 90 s. PEF was responsible for decreasing crystallinity, due to the damage caused during processing. The spectra showed different intensities in the bands close to 1000 cm−1, a characteristic region of starch. PEF30 showed greater stability and less retrogradation. The values for textural and rheological parameters were decreased, showing the effect of treatments on amylopectin chains. Therefore, based on the results, nonthermal modification of red rice starch by PEF at 30 kV cm−1 is the most suitable formulation to obtain a new material with optimized characteristics.Practical ApplicationsThe results of this study are beneficial for the industry, where its use to process rice starch‐based foods is targeted. Due to the practicality and efficiency when it comes to a nonthermal process, the modification of the structures and the improvement of the nature of food materials is the main objective. The advantage of PEF is that it can be applied to solid foods (in the form of a paste) and to liquids (food fluids), varying system parameters such as electrical intensity. When working with starch in paste form, the article shows that the highest intensity (30 kV cm−1) was the most indicated.
FERONIA is involved in phototropin 1‐mediated blue light phototropic growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Chiyu , Chen Jia , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Xin , Liu Ying , Zhu Sirui , Wang Long , Zheng Heping , Luan Sheng , Li Jiada , Yu Feng 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTPlant shoot phototropism is triggered by the formation of a light‐driven auxin gradient leading to bending growth. The blue light receptor phototropin 1 (phot1) senses light direction, but how this leads to auxin gradient formation and growth regulation remains poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested phot1's role for regulated apoplastic acidification, but its relation to phototropin and hypocotyl phototropism is unclear. Herein, we show that blue light can cause phot1 to interact with and phosphorylate FERONIA (FER), a known cell growth regulator, and trigger downstream phototropic bending growth in Arabidopsis hypocotyls. fer mutants showed defects in phototropic growth, similar to phot1/2 mutant. FER also interacts with and phosphorylates phytochrome kinase substrates, the phot1 downstream substrates. The phot1‐FER pathway acts upstream of apoplastic acidification and the auxin gradient formation in hypocotyl under lateral blue light, both of which are critical for phototropic bending growth in hypocotyls. Our study highlights a pivotal role of FER in the phot1‐mediated phototropic cell growth regulation in plants.
Microbe‐derived non‐necrotic glycoside hydrolase family 12 proteins act as immunogenic signatures triggering plant defenses
Authors: Wang Lan , Liu Hanmei , Zhang Mingmei , Ye Yu , Wang Lei , Zhu Jinyi , Chen Zhaodan , Zheng Xiaobo , Wang Yan , Wang Yuanchao 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTPlant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are sentinels at the cell surface sensing microbial invasion and activating innate immune responses. During infection, certain microbial apoplastic effectors can be recognized by plant PRRs, culminating in immune responses accompanied by cell death. However, the intricated relationships between the activation of immune responses and cell death are unclear. Here, we studied the glycoside hydrolase family 12 (GH12) protein, Ps109281, secreted by Phytophthora sojae into the plant apoplast during infection. Ps109281 exhibits xyloglucanase activity, and promotes P. sojae infection in a manner dependent on the enzyme activity. Ps109281 is recognized by the membrane‐localized receptor‐like protein RXEG1 and triggers immune responses in various plant species. Unlike other characterized GH12 members, Ps109281 fails to trigger cell death in plants. The loss of cell death induction activity is closely linked to a sequence polymorphism at the N‐terminus. This sequence polymorphism does not affect the in planta interaction of Ps109281 with the recognition receptor RXEG1, indicating that cell death and immune response activation are determined using different regions of the GH12 proteins. Such GH12 protein also exists in other Phytophthora and fungal pathogens. Taken together, these results unravel the evolution of effector sequences underpinning different immune outputs.
Surgical wound assessment tool: Construct validity and inter‐rater reliability of a tool designed for nurses
Authors: Do Hien Thi Thu , Edwards Helen , Finlayson Kathleen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo validate construct validity and inter‐rater reliability of a surgical wound assessment tool.BackgroundWound assessment is central to appropriate wound management. However, limited standard surgical wound assessment tools are available to assist nurses in assessing and recording progress in the healing of surgical wounds.DesignA prospective observational study was utilised to test the validity and reliability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline was used.MethodsConvenience sampling was used to recruit 260 patients who underwent elective or emergency surgery at a hospital in Vietnam. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the construct validity of the surgical wound assessment tool. Inter‐rater reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Cohen's kappa to determine reliability of the overall scale and identified items.ResultsThe results of the exploratory factor analysis supported a three‐component structure of the surgical wound assessment tool. The intraclass correlation coefficient value of the overall scale was 0.79 (95% CI 0.67–0.89), p < .001, confirming excellent inter‐rater reliability. Cohen's kappa value ranged from 0.5 to 1, demonstrating moderate to almost perfect level of agreement for individual items, except for one item on pain.ConclusionThe surgical wound assessment tool was deemed to be acceptable, valid and reliable for monitoring the status of surgical wound healing. However, further modification and testing are needed to strengthen the tool and to determine the applicability of the tool in other populations.Relevance to clinical practiceThe application of the SWAT would improve the assessment of surgical wounds in daily nursing practice which will promote improved postoperative wound management. It is an easy and practical tool for enhancing inter‐disciplinary communication and care outcomes for all patients with surgical wounds.
Brain topography on adult ultrasound images: Techniques, interpretation, and image library
Authors: Kapoor Sahil , Offnick Austin , Allen Beddome , Brown Patrick A. , Sachs Jeffrey R. , Gurcan Metin Nafi , Pinton Gianmarco , D'Agostino Ralph , Bushnell Cheryl , Wolfe Stacey , Duncan Pam , Asimos Andrew , Sarwal Aarti 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeMany studies have explored the possibility of using cranial ultrasound for discerning intracranial pathologies like tumors, hemorrhagic stroke, or subdural hemorrhage in clinical scenarios where computer tomography may not be accessible or feasible. The visualization of intracranial anatomy on B‐mode ultrasound is challenging due to the presence of the skull that limits insonation to a few segments on the temporal bone that are thin enough to allow transcranial transmission of sound. Several artifacts are produced by hyperechoic signals inherent in brain and skull anatomy when images are created using temporal windows.MethodsWhile the literature has investigated the accuracy of diagnosis of intracranial pathology with ultrasound, we lack a reference source for images acquired on cranial topography on B‐mode ultrasound to illustrate the appearance of normal and abnormal structures of the brain and skull. Two investigators underwent hands‐on training in Cranial point‐of‐care ultrasound (c‐POCUS) and acquired multiple images from each patient to obtain the most in‐depth images of brain to investigate all visible anatomical structures and pathology within 24 hours of any CT/MRI imaging done.ResultsMost reproducible structures visible on c‐POCUS included bony parts and parenchymal structures. Transcranial and abdominal presets were equivalent in elucidating anatomical structures. Brain pathology like parenchymal hemorrhage, cerebral edema, and hydrocephalus were also visualized.ConclusionsWe present an illustrated anatomical atlas of cranial ultrasound B‐mode images acquired in various pathologies in a critical care environment and compare our findings with published literature by performing a scoping review of literature on the subject.
Ivermectin induces chicken BCRP/ABCG2 expression and function: Involvement of CXR signaling pathway and mRNA stabilization
Authors: Xu Ziyong , Li Mei , Lu Wang , Li Lin , Zhang Yujuan , Wang Liping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIvermectin is a macrocyclic lactone antiparasitic drug widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Previous studies indicated that ivermectin could interact with P‐glycoprotein, being a good inducer and substrate; however, it is unknown whether ivermectin affects BCRP of chicken. In this study, we found that ivermectin distinctly affected the expression of BCRP in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent up‐regulatory way in chicken primary hepatocytes. Subsequent series of experiments showed that the BCRP induction is related with the increase of CXR expression and, promoting CXR translocations to the nucleus and enhancing the stability of Abcg2 mRNA at the post‐transcriptional level by ivermectin. Furthermore, we observed that ivermectin also enhanced the stability of Abcg2 mRNA at the post‐transcriptional level by Act‐D chase assay. We got the similar results by in vivo test that ivermectin‐induced BCRP and CXR expression in pharmacologically important tissues, and decreased the apparent permeability coefficient of florfenicol (substrate of chicken BCRP). In conclusion, the results indicated that ivermectin could induce chicken BCRP expression and function through the transcriptional CXR signaling pathway and post‐transcriptional mRNA stabilization.
Victim, perpetrator, neither: Attitudes on deservingness and culpability in immigration law
Authors: Rowen Jamie , Blinder Scott , Hamlin Rebecca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examines whether there is popular support for a restrictive immigration policy aimed at denying safe haven to human rights abusers and those affiliated with terrorism. We designed a public opinion survey experiment that asks respondents to evaluate whether low level or high-level Taliban members who otherwise qualify for refugee status deserve immigration benefits. We found that a majority of respondents did not immediately deny a visa to low-level worker. Looking at respondents' explanations for their decision, we find two distinct clusters of reasons that we classify as either circumstantial–focused on the particularities of the case–or categorical–focused on general attributes of the applicant. We suggest that domestic and international criminal law logics about acts and intentions, as well as roles and responsibilities, are reflected in beliefs about deservingness in this distinct immigration context, and may support more generous attitudes toward those seeking refugee status. Many respondents using circumstantial reasoning saw a distinction between the jobs potential immigrants have done in their pasts and what they actually believe, underscoring the fraught dynamics of armed conflict in which people may be swept up in violence they do not support.
Liver transplantation for NAFLD cirrhosis: Age and recent coronary angioplasty are major determinants of survival
Authors: Villeret François , Dharancy Sébastien , Erard Domitille , Abergel Armand , Barbier Louise , Besch Camille , Boillot Olivier , Boudjema Karim , Coilly Audrey , Conti Filomena , Corpechot Christophe , Duvoux Christophe , Faitot François , Faure Stéphanie , Francoz Claire , Giostra Emiliano , Gugenheim Jean , Hardwigsen Jean , Hilleret Marie‐Noëlle , Hiriart Jean‐Baptiste , Houssel‐Debry Pauline , Kamar Nassim , Lassailly Guillaume , Latournerie Marianne , Pageaux Georges‐Philippe , Samuel Didier , Vanlemmens Claire , Saliba Faouzi , Dumortier Jérôme 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsLiver transplantation (LT) is the treatment of end‐stage non‐alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), that is decompensated cirrhosis and/or complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Few data on long‐term outcome are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate overall patient and graft survivals and associated predictive factors.MethodThis retrospective multicentre study included adult transplant patients for NAFLD cirrhosis between 2000 and 2019 in participating French‐speaking centres.ResultsA total of 361 patients (69.8% of male) were included in 20 centres. The median age at LT was 62.3 years [57.4–65.9] and the median MELD score was 13.9 [9.1–21.3]; 51.8% of patients had HCC on liver explant. Between 2004 and 2018, the number of LT for NAFLD cirrhosis increased by 720%. A quarter of the patients had cardiovascular history before LT. Median follow‐up after LT was 39.1 months [15.8–72.3]. Patient survival at 1, 5 and 10 years after LT was 89.3%, 79.8% and 68.1% respectively. The main causes of death were sepsis (37.5%), malignancies (29.2%) and cardiovascular events (22.2%). In multivariate analysis, three risk factors for overall mortality after LT were recipient pre‐LT BMI < 32 kg/m2 at LT time (OR: 2.272; p = .012), pre‐LT angioplasty during CV check‐up (OR: 2.916; p = .016), a combined donor and recipient age over 135 years (OR: 2.020; 95%CI: p = .035).ConclusionSurvival after LT for NAFLD cirrhosis is good at 5 years. Donor and recipient age, and cardiovascular history, are major prognostic factors to consider.
Degrees of consciousness
Authors: Lee Andrew Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIs a human more conscious than an octopus? In the science of consciousness, it's oftentimes assumed that some creatures (or mental states) are more conscious than others. But in recent years, a number of philosophers have argued that the notion of degrees of consciousness is conceptually confused. This paper (1) argues that the most prominent objections to degrees of consciousness are unsustainable, (2) examines the semantics of ‘more conscious than’ expressions, (3) develops an analysis of what it is for a degreed property to count as degrees of consciousness, and (4) applies the analysis to various theories of consciousness. I argue that whether consciousness comes in degrees ultimately depends on which theory of consciousness turns out to be correct. But I also argue that most theories of consciousness entail that consciousness comes in degrees.
Controlling our reasons
Authors: Keeling Sophie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhilosophical discussion on control has largely centred around control over our actions and beliefs. Yet this overlooks the question of whether we also have control over the reasons for which we act and believe. To date, the overriding assumption appears to be that we do not, and with seemingly good reason. We cannot choose to act for a reason and acting‐for‐a‐reason is not itself something we do. While some have challenged this in the case of reasons for action, these claims seem especially untenable regarding believing for a reason. And extending the scope of control in this way also faces the threat of regress. In the face of this orthodoxy, the present paper argues that we do in fact have control over both believing and acting for a particular reason. It also starts to develop an account of the way in which this would be possible. Given the broad importance of understanding control and agency, this paper bears on a number of topics in epistemology, the philosophy of mind, and ethics.