bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Renal Function on Short-Term Outcome After Reperfusion Therapy in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Park Hyungjong , Kim Young Dae , Nam Hyo Suk , Yoo Joonsang , Sohn Sung-Il , Hong Jeong-Ho , Kim Byung Moon , Kim Dong Joon , Bang Oh Young , Seo Woo-Keun , Chung Jong-Won , Lee Kyung-Yul , Jung Yo Han , Lee Hye Sun , Ahn Seong Hwan , Shin Dong Hoon , Choi Hye-Yeon , Cho Han-Jin , Baek Jang-Hyun , Kim Gyu Sik , Seo Kwon-Duk , Kim Seo Hyun , Song Tae-Jin , Kim Jinkwon , Han Sang Won , Park Joong Hyun , Lee Suk Ik , Heo Joon Nyung , Lee Hyung Woo , Lee Il Hyung , Baik Minyoul , Heo Ji Hoe ,   on behalf of the SECRET Study Investigators
Published: September 2022

Background:
A high and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) could affect outcomes after reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke. This study aimed to determine whether renal function based on eGFR affects mortality risk in patients with ischemic stroke within 6 months following reperfusion therapy.

Methods:
This prospective registry–based cohort study included 2266 patients who received reperfusion therapy between January 2000 and September 2019 and were registered in the SECRET (Selection Criteria in Endovascular Thrombectomy and Thrombolytic Therapy) study or the Yonsei Stroke Cohort. A high and low eGFR were based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation and defined, respectively, as the 5th and 95th percentiles of age- and sex-specific eGFR. Occurrence of death within 6 months was compared among the groups according to their eGFR such as low, normal, or high eGFR.

Results:

Of the 2266 patients, 2051 (90.5%) had a normal eGFR, 110 (4.9%) a low eGFR, and 105 (4.6%) a high eGFR. Patients with high eGFR were younger or less likely to have hypertension, diabetes, or atrial fibrillation than the other groups. Active cancer was more prevalent in the high-eGFR group. During the 6-month follow-up, there were 24 deaths (22.9%) in the high-eGFR group, 37 (33.6%) in the low-eGFR group, and 237 (11.6%) in the normal-eGFR group. After adjusting for variables with
P
<0.10 in the univariable analysis, 6-month mortality was independently associated with high eGFR (hazard ratio, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.36–3.62];
P
=0.001) and low eGFR (HR, 2.29 [95% CI, 1.41–3.72];
P
=0.001). These associations persisted regardless of treatment modality or various baseline characteristics.

Conclusions:
High eGFR as well as low eGFR were independently associated with 6-month mortality after reperfusion therapy. Kidney function could be considered a prognostic factor in patients with ischemic stroke after reperfusion therapy.
Short‐Term Outcomes of Acute Stroke During COVID‐19 by Race and Ethnicity in the United States: The Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Multicenter Collaboration
Authors: Zha Alicia M. , Sharrief Anjail Z. , Czap Alexandra L. , Liebeskind David S. , Vora Nirav , Rai Vivek , Desai Shashvat , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Infante Italo , Starosciak Amy , Hassan Ameer , Farooqui Mudassir , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago , Jillella Dinesh V. , Mohammaden Mahmoud , Haussen Diogo C. , Nogueira Raul G. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Abdalkader Mohamad , Khandelwal Priyank , Zaidat Osama , Higham Christopher , Heslin Mark E. , Jovin Tudor G. , Siegler James E. 
Published: September 2022

Background
The COVID‐19 pandemic has disproportionately affected Black and Hispanic communities, whose stroke care has been previously shown to experience existing disparities. We sought to evaluate how these disparities in stroke care and in‐hospital mortality have been affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods
In this retrospective observational cohort study, we evaluated stroke hospitalizations in the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology COVID‐19 registry. We compared stroke characteristics between non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, and Hispanic patients pre–COVID‐19 and post–COVID‐19 (March–July 2019 versus March–July 2020) and evaluated whether racial and ethnic differences present before the pandemic were exacerbated during the pandemic. Our primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality/discharge to hospice, and secondary outcomes were acute treatment use.

Results

Of the 4908 included patients, numerically fewer non‐Hispanic White and Hispanic patients were evaluated during COVID‐19. Non‐Hispanic White and non‐Hispanic Black patients with large‐vessel occlusion were more likely to undergo thrombectomy (
P
<0.01 for both) when compared with the pre–COVID‐19 epoch. In‐hospital mortality/hospice rates were higher during COVID‐19 (12.8% versus 9.9%;
P
<0.01), with higher rates observed across all race and ethnic groups, although the odds of death/hospice during the pandemic period became nonsignificant after multivariable adjustment (adjusted odds ratio, 1.23 [95% CI, 0.95–1.62];
P
=0.12).

Conclusions
There was an increase in mortality/hospice discharges among all races during the COVID‐19 period. There were no noted racial or ethnic differences in rates of thrombolytic use, thrombectomy, or mortality within racial groups prepandemic compared with during the pandemic. Although other studies have demonstrated deepening disparities in these outcomes during COVID‐19, our data suggest that declines in stroke presentations and use of acute stroke therapies were not a uniform phenomenon. Disparities in stroke care were differentially affected in thrombolytic versus endovascular therapies and among non‐Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients.
“Guilty of Publishing Only”: Jury Nullification as a Legal Defense in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Otis Andrew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Previous research is largely mute about the strategies that printers and their legal counsels used to defend state libel lawsuits. Analysis of the legal arguments employed in sixty-eight state libel jury trials in anglophone courts from 1699 to 1792 identifies which of them were most associated with acquittal. Jury-nullification arguments, based on freedom of the press, which encouraged jurors to disregard judges’ directives and to contravene the law, had a higher rate of success than did approaches based on the standard legal precedents of the period. These findings suggest that the public was sympathetic with a broad interpretation of press freedom at a time when many Crown judges attempted to limit it exclusively to prior restraint.
On Writing the History of Human Infectious Disease
Authors: Webb James L. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Until recently, no historian had taken up the challenge of synthesizing the burgeoning literature on the genomics of pathogenic agents, situating the major human infectious diseases in the context of human history and attempting to evaluate their impacts. For this reason, the publication of Harper’s accomplished survey of the effects of infectious diseases on human history, Plagues Upon the Earth, is timely, needed, and most welcome.
Diff-Explainer: Differentiable Convex Optimization for Explainable Multi-hop Inference
Authors: Thayaparan Mokanarangan , Valentino Marco , Ferreira Deborah , Rozanova Julia , Freitas André 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presents Diff-Explainer, the first hybrid framework for explainable multi-hop inference that integrates explicit constraints with neural architectures through differentiable convex optimization. Specifically, Diff- Explainer allows for the fine-tuning of neural representations within a constrained optimization framework to answer and explain multi-hop questions in natural language. To demonstrate the efficacy of the hybrid framework, we combine existing ILP-based solvers for multi-hop Question Answering (QA) with Transformer-based representations. An extensive empirical evaluation on scientific and commonsense QA tasks demonstrates that the integration of explicit constraints in a end-to-end differentiable framework can significantly improve the performance of non- differentiable ILP solvers (8.91%–13.3%). Moreover, additional analysis reveals that Diff-Explainer is able to achieve strong performance when compared to standalone Transformers and previous multi-hop approaches while still providing structured explanations in support of its predictions.
Understanding Justice
Authors: Welch David A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
People often disagree about what counts as “just” in a particular case. Such disagreement is natural and understandable once we realize that people commonly bring to the concept of justice different understandings of what makes something just or unjust, interpret general principles differently in specific circumstances, and/or fail to see eye to eye on appropriate ways of resolving justice disputes. But in all cases, disagreement about what is just logically requires that the parties share an understanding of what it is that they are disagreeing about. Similarly, any analysis of the role justice might play in a particular domain – here, negotiation – requires a shared understanding of what it is that is playing the role in question. The purpose of this article is to articulate and justify a shared understanding of the concept of justice that facilitates both the understanding and resolution of justice disputes.
Offering the Carrot and Hiding the Stick?
Authors: Newby Vanessa F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Credibility has been used to explain theories of deterrence and cooperation in international relations. In the peacekeeping environment, for what purposes should credibility be built and how can it be signaled? Despite being listed by the UN as a success factor in peace operations, our understanding of credibility in peacekeeping remains limited and focused on deterrence. This article argues that credibility in peace operations must be built for both deterrence and cooperation purposes. Drawing on the international relations, civil war, and peacekeeping literatures, it conceptualizes credibility in peacekeeping by identifying the purposes for which credibility must be built and signaled: deterrence and cooperativeness. It contends that while a peace operation’s ability to deter is limited, signaling cooperativeness - credibility in cooperation—enables a force to cultivate cooperation with national and subnational audiences. This helps to create a more predictable security environment by enabling the force to function on a daily basis.
A Theory of Standing Meanders of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Their Response to Wind
Authors: Zhang Xihan , Nikurashin Maxim , Peña-Molino Beatriz , Rintoul Stephen R. , Doddridge Edward 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Standing meanders of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and associated eddy hotspots play an important role for the meridional heat flux and downward momentum transfer in the Southern Ocean. Previous modeling studies show that the vorticity balance characterizing standing meanders in the upper ocean is dominated by advection of relative vorticity and stretching. Through the adjustment of this vorticity balance, standing meanders have been suggested to provide a pathway for the transfer of the momentum input by the wind from the surface to the bottom, leading to stronger bottom flows and energy dissipation. However, the dynamics governing the meander formation and its adjustment to wind remain unclear. Here we develop a quasigeostrophic theory and combine it with a regional model of the Macquarie Ridge region and an idealized channel model to explore the dynamics and vertical structure of standing meanders of the ACC. The results show that the entire vertical structure of the meander, including its dynamics in the upper ocean, is controlled by the bottom flow interacting with topography. Based on our results, we suggest a novel mechanism for the response of the ACC to wind in which “flexing” of the meander, or change in its curvature, is a response to changes in the bottom (barotropic) flow. Stronger bottom flow in response to stronger wind interacts with topography and generates a larger-amplitude Rossby wave propagating into the upper ocean. The ACC mean shear aloft amplifies the Rossby wave and leads to a larger-amplitude meander in the upper ocean dominated by advection of relative vorticity and stretching.
Veno-venous extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation in a COVID-19 patient with cold-agglutinin haemolytic anaemia: A case report
Authors: Raes Matthias , De Becker Ann , Blanckaert Jeroen , Balthazar Tim , De Ridder Simon , Mekeirele Michael , Verbrugge Frederik Hendrik , Poelaert Jan , Taccone Fabio Silvio 
Published: September 2022

Overview The use of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy to treat severe COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure is increasing worldwide. We reported herein the use of veno-venous ECMO in a patient with cold agglutinin haemolytic anaemia (CAHA) who suffered from severe COVID-19 infection. Description A 64-year-old man presented to the emergency department (ED) with incremental complaints of dyspnoea and cough since one week. His history consisted of CAHA, which responded well to corticosteroid treatment. Because of severe hypoxemia, urgent intubation and mechanical ventilation were necessary. Despite deep sedation, muscle paralysis and prone ventilation, P/F ratio remained low. Though his history of CAHA, he still was considered for VV-ECMO. As lab results pointed to recurrence of CAHA, corticosteroids and rituximab were started. The VV-ECMO run was short and rather uncomplicated. Although, despite treatment, CAHA persisted and caused important complications of intestinal ischemia, which needed multiple surgical interventions. Finally, the patient suffered from progressive liver failure, thought to be secondary to ischemic cholangitis. One month after admission, therapy was stopped and patient passed away. Conclusion Our case report shows that CAHA is no contraindication for VV-ECMO, even when both titre and thermal amplitude are high. Although, the aetiology of CAHA and its response to therapy will determine the final outcome of those patients.
Prevention of Blood Donation-related Vasovagal Response by Applied Muscle Tension: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Cong , Chen Li , Sun Chenyu , Zhang Yan , Cao Can , Ma Yuanyuan , Shi Wenwen 
Published: September 2022

Objective Vasovagal reaction (VVR) is an adverse reaction to blood donation. Applied muscle tension (AMT) has been reported to reduce the probability of VVR during blood donation; however, the results have been controversial. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the effect of AMT in reducing VVR. Methods We searched six major databases using “applied muscle tension” and “blood donation-related vasovagal response” as keywords. Relevant articles published in English or Chinese between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2021 were included in the analysis. The quality of the included articles was evaluated and publication bias was assessed by forest and funnel plots and by Egger's test. Results Fifty-one articles were identified, of which six were included according to the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A fixed-effects model was adopted for effect size combination and revealed a relative risk of 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.40 to 0.67). The AMT group was superior to the control in terms of VVR prevention. A funnel plot and Egger's test suggested that the findings were accurate and reliable with low publication bias. Conclusion AMT could effectively reduce VVR during blood donation. Further multicenter studies with large sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
Improved hip symmetry with an adjustable fluoroscopic grid during total hip arthroplasty
Authors: DeJesus James , Nishioka Scott , Andrews Samantha N. , Mathews Kristin , Nakasone Cass K 
Published: September 2022

Background: The use of intraoperative fluoroscopy (IF) is common with direct anterior total hip arthroplasty (THA), however image distortion in IF may limit its usefulness. The supplementation of IF with an adjustable grid (AG) may provide consistently better accuracy in component placement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy, consistency, and surgical efficiency between IF only and AG supplementation. Methods: 2 cohorts were retrospectively evaluated, including 573 IF only patients and 211 AG patients having undergone unilateral THA between 2011 and 2018. Post-THA radiographic assessment was performed to evaluate the accuracy of component placement, with target placements for global hip offset (GHO) and leg-length differences (LLD) <10 mm and acetabular cup abduction of 45° (±10°). Accuracy and surgical efficiency were evaluated between groups and over time. Results: The AG group had a significant greater percentage of components placed within the target zone compared to IF only for GHO (99.5%, 92.7%, p < 0.001), LLD (99.1%, 96.5%, p = 0.039) and abduction (99.5%, 96.3%, p = 0.009), with no difference in fluoroscopic time ( p = 0.973). Over time, accuracy was significantly different in IF group for GHO ( p = 0.008) and abduction ( p = 0.002) and trended toward significance for LLD ( p = 0.055). There were no significant differences over time for the AG group. Conclusions: The addition of an AG to IF significantly increased the accuracy of component placement during direct anterior THA. These results were consistent over 2 years of use and did not decrease surgical efficiency.
‘When the bedbugs come, that’s another problem’: exploring the lived experiences of bedbug infestations among low-income older adults and service providers who support them
Authors: Sheppard CL , Roche B , Austen A , Hitzig SL 
Published: September 2022

Aims: Older adults in low-income housing communities are more vulnerable to bedbug infestations. Prior research, however, has predominately focused on the effectiveness of integrated pest-management strategies, with little attention given to the lived experiences of tenants struggling with infestations. We used a qualitative approach to explore what it is like to live with and treat bedbug infestations from the perspectives of low-income older adults and service providers. Methods: Participants included low-income older adults ( n = 58) and service providers ( n = 58) who offer supports directly in the buildings. Semi-structured qualitative interviews and focus groups were used to explore the challenges of preparing and treating units for bedbugs, and examine how bedbugs impact access to support services. Results: Bedbugs were a widespread issue, and underlying physical, mental, social, and financial challenges made it difficult for older tenants to prepare their units and access treatment. Tenants also faced bedbug stigma from community services, as many were unwilling to provide services in infested units. Although some service providers utilized strategies to minimize exposure, many were concerned these strategies created additional stigma. Conclusion: Our findings highlight an urgent need to increase public health funding to support older adults with the costs of bedbug elimination and to enhance pest-management strategies through partnerships with health and social service agencies to improve outcomes for older adults.
Decompression Alone in the Setting of Adult Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis and Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Echt Murray , De la Garza Ramos Rafael , Geng Eric , Isleem Ula , Schwarz Julia , Girdler Steven , Platt Andrew , Bakare Adewale A , Fessler Richard G , Cho Samuel K 
Published: September 2022

Study Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVESSurgical decompression alone for patients with neurogenic leg pain in the setting of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and stenosis is commonly performed, however, there is no summary of evidence for outcomes. Methods A systematic search of English language medical literature databases was performed for studies describing outcomes of decompression alone in DLS, defined as Cobb angle >10˚, and 2-year minimum follow-up. Three outcomes were examined: 1) Cobb angle progression, 2) reoperation rate, and 3) ODI and overall satisfaction. Data were pooled and weighted averages were calculated to summarize available evidence. Results Across 15 studies included in the final analysis, 586 patients were examined. Average preoperative and postoperative Cobb angles were 17.6˚ (Range: 12.7 - 25˚) and 18.0 (range 14.1 - 25˚), respectively. Average change in Cobb angle was an increase of 1.8˚. Overall rate of reoperation ranged from 3 to 33% with an average of 9.7%. Average ODI before surgery, after surgery, and change in scores were 56.4%, 27.2%, and an improvement of 29% respectively. Average from 8 studies that reported patient satisfaction was 71.2%. Conclusions Current literature on decompression alone in the setting of DLS is sparse and is not high quality, limited to patients with small magnitude of lumbar coronal Cobb angle, and heterogenous in the type of procedure performed. Based on available evidence, select patients with DLS who undergo decompression alone had minimal progression of Cobb angle, relatively low reoperation rate, and favorable patient-reported outcomes.
Assessing managerial patient safety practices that influence adverse events reporting among nurses in the Savannah Region, Ghana
Authors: Alhassan Samson , Kwashie Atswei Adzo , Paarima Yennuten , Ansah Ofei Adelaide Maria 
Published: September 2022

Introduction Patient safety is a global concern for both health professionals and the public. Studies show that evaluating patient safety culture can help improve patient safety outcomes. Nursing care strategically places nurses at the centre of patient safety promotion and their proximity to patients makes them the drivers of patient safety. Managerial decisions regarding patient safety impact greatly on patient safety outcomes in the healthcare organization. This study aimed to assess the managerial patient safety practices that influence adverse event reporting in three hospitals in the Savannah Region of Ghana. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 210 participants in three hospitals. Data were analysed using descriptive, Pearson's correlation and linear regression. Results It was found that patient safety practices with good positive rating scores were management support (56.6%), managers' expectations (62.8%) and feedback about errors (56.2%). Areas with weak patient safety practices were staffing levels (42.4%), open communication (40.2%) and non-punitive response to errors (36.7%). Again, nurses' attitude towards adverse events reporting was generally low (37.3%). Managerial patient safety practices that had significant associations with adverse events reporting were management support ( r = .18, p < .001), open communication ( r = .19, p < .001), non-punitive to errors ( r = .21, p < .001) and feedback about errors ( r = .37, p < .001). Again, the significant predictors of adverse events reporting were feedback about errors ( β  =  .36, p < .001) and non-punitive response to errors ( β  =  .21, p  < .01). Conclusion Nurses perceived patient safety culture in their units to be good. Although nurses' attitude towards adverse events reporting was low, the significant predictors of adverse events reporting were feedback about errors and non-punitive response to errors. Therefore, healthcare managers should continually strengthen patient safety to ensure optimal care outcomes. Implications for nursing practice Feedback on errors and non-punitive response to errors had a great influence on adverse events reporting, managerial failure to provide feedback and a non-punitive work environment could result in under-reporting of adverse events. This can be a major threat to patient safety; hence clinical practice should be aware of this and put in strategies to appropriately address them.