bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Initial Validation of a Word Fragment Completion Task to Measure Age Metastereotype Activation
Authors: Thomas Courtney L , Finkelstein Lisa M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearchers have shown growing interest in the age metastereotyping process and its potential impact in organizations. Research calls have been made for new measurement tools to help advance this work. This paper presents five studies that were conducted to develop and provide initial validation evidence for a new word fragment completion test to assess age metastereotype activation in an indirect manner. We followed suggestions for best practices in the development of this type of measure (Koopman, J., Howe, M., Johnson, R.E., Tan, J.A., & Chang, C.H. 2013. A framework for developing word fragment completion tasks. Human Resource Management Review, 23 (3), 242–253.) and used Finkelstein et al.’s (Finkelstein, L.M., King, E.B., & Voyles, E.C. 2015. Age metastereotyping and cross-age workplace interactions: A meta view of age stereotypes and work. Work, Age, and Retirement, 1 (1), 26–40.) model of the age metastereotyping process as a basis for choosing correlates for the measure. We discuss the mixed pattern of relationships between the new measure and the variables proposed in that model and provide several suggestions for next steps toward continued validation and use of this measure. Further, we provide detailed information throughout the process that could serve as a springboard and time-saver for others interested in developing their own age metastereotype word fragment completion test to suit their own research needs.
Amplicon Sequencing ofFusariumTranslation Elongation Factor 1α Reveals that Soil Communities ofFusariumSpecies Are Resilient to Disturbances Caused by Crop and Tillage Practices
Authors: Henry Peter M. , Koehler Samuel I. , Kaur Sukhwinder , Epstein Lynn , Mitchell Jeffrey P. , Gordon Thomas R. , Leveau Johan H. J. 
Published: February 2022

The fungal genus Fusarium contains plant pathogens, mutualists, and commensalists. Because nonpathogenic Fusarium strains can contribute to disease suppression in soil by competition or induced plant resistance, identifying factors that influence the abundance of nonpathogenic strains could lead to strategies that enhance plant-beneficial interactions and deter pathogen invasion. We developed a Fusarium-specific high-throughput translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) amplicon-sequencing method with subspecies resolution. Newly designed primers enabled reads to be joined for improved quality metrics after Illumina MiSeq sequencing. By including the ‘oligotyping’ program in our bioinformatic workflow, we reconstructed Fusarium EF-1α haplotypes with 100% accuracy. We conducted simulated crop rotation experiments in soil infested with the strawberry pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae ( Fof) and the following treatments: strawberry, blackberry, raspberry, lettuce, broccoli, and fallow. We profiled root Fusarium communities with EF-1α amplicons and observed that nonpathogenic strains of F. oxysporum did not colonize crops uniformly; some strains exhibited asymptomatic host preferences. In susceptible strawberry roots, >90% of sequences corresponded to Fof. Bulk soil communities of Fusarium were remarkably stable and had minimal treatment-dependent effects after 1 year. Similarly, in a long-term agricultural research experiment, 18 years of conservation tillage and cover cropping did not lead to bulk soil Fusarium communities that were significantly different than controls. Although the roots of rotation crops can augment the abundance of nonpathogenic F. oxysporum strains, their abundance in bulk soil is unlikely to be altered after a single year. Climate and soil physicochemical properties may have a greater effect on Fusarium community structure.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Nursing Students From China and the United States: Learning Together Through Virtual Simulation
Authors: Molloy Margory A. , Zhao Ying , Leonard Christina , Chen Yu , Cadavero Allen A. , Xing Weijie , Vaughn Jacqueline , Lin Yufen , Min Hui , Oermann Marilyn H. , Yan Hu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of this project was to connect nursing students from schools of nursing in China and the United States for colearning using virtual simulations.

BACKGROUND
With technology and international partnerships, nursing programs can offer global education without students traveling to other countries.

METHOD
Virtual simulations were produced by each school for the project. Students completed them in two synchronous 1.5-hour virtual sessions, one month apart. At the end of each session, students completed the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified and the Nurses Clinical Reasoning Scale.

RESULTS
Scores on the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified ranged from 75.0 percent to 100 percent on Simulation 1 (video vignettes focused on prioritization) and 88.9 percent to 100 percent on Simulation 2 (computer-based obstetrics case). Most students strongly agreed or agreed that the simulation improved their clinical reasoning skills.

CONCLUSION
Virtual simulations allowed students to learn together and develop an awareness of differences in nursing practices across countries.
When Regional Anesthesia Met Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Mather Laurence E. , Tucker Geoffrey T. 
Published: February 2022

Pharmacokinetics of Local Anaesthetic Agents. By Tucker GT, Mather LE. Br J Anaesth 1975; 47(suppl 1):213–24
Information derived from measurements of blood concentrations of local anaesthetics can be extended by the application of pharmacokinetic analysis. A better understanding of quantitative aspects of the disposition and absorption of these drugs should assist the anaesthetist in deciding the optimal agent and dosage for regional block techniques.
Involvement and therapeutic implications of airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in type 2 inflammation of asthma
Authors: Dong Xiang , Ding Mei , Zhang Jinjin , Ogülür Ismail , Pat Yagiz , Akdis Mübeccel , Gao Yadong , Akdis Cezmi A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Type 2 inflammation is a complex immune response and primary mechanism for several common allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. It is the predominant type of immune response against helminths to prevent their tissue infiltration and induce their expulsion. Recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction contributes to the development of type 2 inflammation in asthma, which may partly explain the increasing prevalence of asthma in China and around the globe. The epithelial barrier hypothesis has recently been proposed and has received great interest from the scientific community. The development of leaky epithelial barriers leads to microbial dysbiosis and the translocation of bacteria to inter- and sub-epithelial areas and the development of epithelial tissue inflammation. Accordingly, preventing the impairment and promoting the restoration of a deteriorated airway epithelial barrier represents a promising strategy for the treatment of asthma. This review introduces the interaction between type 2 inflammation and the airway epithelial barrier in asthma, the structure and molecular composition of the airway epithelial barrier, and the assessment of epithelial barrier integrity. The role of airway epithelial barrier disruption in the pathogenesis of asthma will be discussed. In addition, the possible mechanisms underlying the airway epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by allergens and environmental pollutants, and current treatments to restore the airway epithelial barrier are reviewed.
“Concomitant” Cutaneous and Nodal Spitz Nevus/Tumor: A New Scenario for an Old Problem
Authors: Ferrara Gerardo , Lattanzi Valeria , Leonardi Elena , Broglia Irene , Barbareschi Mattia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Spitz tumors are notoriously characterized by a high propensity to nodal involvement with a morphologically malignant (intraparenchymal) pattern but with little or no tendency toward further spread. We describe a case of spindle cell Spitz neoplasm removed from the thigh in a 34-year-old woman and initially diagnosed as “Spitzoid melanoma;” the sentinel node was characterized by a morphologically benign pattern of nodal involvement, with prevailingly capsular and septal aggregated of melanocytes showing the same cytomorphological features as the cutaneous tumor. Both the cutaneous and the nodal tumor were strongly ROS1-positive on immunohistochemistry; rearrangement of the ROS1 gene was confirmed with fluorescence in situ hybridization on the cutaneous tumor. The clonal relationship between the cutaneous and the nodal capsular/trabecular tumor, as established by their morphological and immunophenotypical resemblance, underlines the existence of a morphologically benign pattern of spread of Spitz neoplasms, as also suggested by the occurrence of eruptive Spitz nevi.
Pepducin-mediated G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling in the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Xu Heli , Tilley Douglas G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Pepducins are small-lipidated peptides designed from the intracellular loops of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that act in an allosteric manner to modulate the activity of GPCRs. Over the past 2 decades, pepducins have progressed initially from pharmacologic tools used to manipulate GPCR activity in an orthosteric site-independent manner to compounds with therapeutic potential that have even been used safely in phase 1 and 2 clinical trials in human subjects. The effect of pepducins at their cognate receptors has been shown to vary between antagonist, partial agonist, and biased agonist outcomes in various primary and clonal cell systems, with even small changes in amino acid sequence altering these properties and their receptor selectivity. To date, pepducins designed from numerous GPCRs have been studied for their impact on pathologic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases such as thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. This review will focus in particular on pepducins designed from protease-activated receptors, C-X-C motif chemokine receptors, formyl peptide receptors, and the β2-adrenergic receptor. We will discuss the historic context of pepducin development for each receptor, as well as the structural, signaling, pathophysiologic consequences, and therapeutic potential for each pepducin class.
Adrenergic Receptor Regulation of Mitochondrial Function in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Sandroni Peyton B. , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey H. , Jensen Brian C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are G protein–coupled receptors that are stimulated by catecholamines to induce a wide array of physiological effects across tissue types. Both α1- and β-ARs are found on cardiomyocytes and regulate cardiac contractility and hypertrophy through diverse molecular pathways. Acute activation of cardiomyocyte β-ARs increases heart rate and contractility as an adaptive stress response. However, chronic β-AR stimulation contributes to the pathobiology of heart failure. By contrast, mounting evidence suggests that α1-ARs serve protective functions that may mitigate the deleterious effects of chronic β-AR activation. Here, we will review recent studies demonstrating that α1- and β-ARs differentially regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, mitochondrial calcium handling, and oxidative phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. We will identify potential mechanisms of these actions and focus on the implications of these findings for the modulation of contractile function in the uninjured and failing heart. Collectively, we hope to elucidate important physiological processes through which these well-studied and clinically relevant receptors stimulate and fuel cardiac contraction to contribute to myocardial health and disease.
Meropenem to Treat Valproic Acid Intoxication
Authors: Smolders Elise J. , Ter Heine Rob , Natsch Stephanie , Kramers Kees 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
This therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) grand round describes a patient with serious valproic acid intoxication. A total valproic acid level of 844 mg/L and an unbound valproic acid level of 604 mg/L were observed. Meropenem was administered to enhance the clearance of valproic acid. This off-label usage of meropenem is based on the drug–drug interaction between carbapenems and valproic acid, which reduced the level of valproic acid within 24 hours after administration.
Factors associated with patient trust in their clinicians: Results from the Healthy Work Place Study
Authors: Khullar Dhruv , Prasad Kriti , Neprash Hannah , Poplau Sara , Brown Roger L. , Williams Eric S. , Audi Crystal , Linzer Mark 
Published: February 2022

Background
Patient trust in their clinicians is an important aspect of health care quality, but little evidence exists on what contributes to patient trust.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine workplace, clinician, and patient correlates of patient trust in their clinician.

Methodology/Approach
The sample used baseline data from the Healthy Work Place trial, a randomized trial of 34 Midwest and East Coast primary care practices to explore factors associated with patient trust in their clinicians. A multivariate “best subset” regression modeling approach was used, starting with an item pool of 45 potential variables. Over 7 million models were tested, with a best subset of correlates determined using standard methods for scale optimization. Skewed variables were transformed to the fifth power using a Box–Cox algorithm.

Results
The final model of nine variables explained 38% of variance in patient trust at the patient level and 49% at the clinician level. Trust was related mainly to several aspects of care variables (including satisfaction with explanations, overall satisfaction with provider, and learning about their medical conditions and their clinician’s personal manner), with lesser association with patient characteristics and clinician work conditions.

Conclusion
Trust appears to be primarily related to what happens between clinicians and patients in the examination room.

Practice Implications
System changes such as patient-centered medical homes may have difficulty succeeding if the primacy of physician–patient interactions in inspiring patient trust and satisfaction is not recognized.
Trigeminal sensory modulatory effects of galcanezumab and clinical response prediction
Authors: Peng Kuan-Po , Basedau Hauke , Oppermann Thalea , May Arne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Galcanezumab, a monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide, is an emerging migraine preventative. We hypothesized that the preventive effects are conveyed via the modulation of somatosensory processing and that certain sensory profiles may hence be associated with different clinical responses. We recruited migraine patients (n = 26), who underwent quantitative sensory tests over the right V1 dermatome and forearm at baseline (T0), 2 to 3 weeks (T1) and 1 year (T12) after monthly galcanezumab treatment. The clinical response was defined as a reduction of ≥30% in headache frequency based on the headache diary. Predictors for clinical response were calculated using binary logistical regression models. After galcanezumab (T1 vs T0), the heat pain threshold (°C, 44.9 ± 3.4 vs 43.0 ± 3.3, P = 0.013) and mechanical pain threshold (log mN, 1.60 ± 0.31 vs 1.45 ± 0.26, P = 0.042) were increased exclusively in the V1 dermatome but not the forearm. These changes were immediate, did not differ between responders and nonresponders, and did not last in 1 year of follow-up (T12 vs T0). However, baseline heat pain threshold (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.08-4.19, P = 0.029) on the forearm was a robust predictor for a clinical response 3 months later. In summary, our data demonstrated that galcanezumab modulates pain thresholds specifically in the V1 dermatome, but this modulation is short-lasting and irrelevant to clinical response. Instead, the clinical response may be determined by individual sensibility even before the administration of medication.
The Predictive Strength of the End of Curriculum Exam
Authors: Massey Scott , Chadha Rajat , Campbell Dana , Rodgers Christine 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To assess the value of the Physician Assistant Education Association's End of Curriculum examTM and formative and summative exams during the physician assistant program in predicting Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam (PANCE) scores.

Methods:
Value of the End of Curriculum exam, Physician Assistant Clinical Knowledge Rating and Assessment Tool (PACKRAT I, PACKRAT II), PANCE simulation (SUMM I), and Objective Structured Clinical Examination in predicting future PANCE scores was assessed using correlation and regression analysis of data for 27 PA students from one cohort.

Results:
The End of Curriculum exam, PACKRAT I, PACKRAT II, and SUMM I are statistically significant predictors of PANCE score (p < 0.01). A combination of PACKRAT I and PACKRAT II was the best predictor of PANCE score and explained a large amount of variance (77.0%) in PANCE scores.

Conclusion:
PAEA's End of Curriculum exam is one of the strongest predictors of PANCE score (r = 0.78). It offers an additional opportunity for programs to provide PA students with another layer of academic advising and to guide their preparation for PANCE.
Early Hearing Preservation Outcomes Following Cochlear Implantation With New Slim Lateral Wall Electrode Using Electrocochleography
Authors: Walia Amit , Shew Matthew A. , Ettyreddy Abhinav , Lefler Shannon M. , Jiramongkolchai Pawina , Wick Cameron C. , Durakovic Nedim , Buchman Craig A. , Herzog Jacques A. 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
Describe early hearing preservation (HP) cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes using a new slim lateral wall electrode (SLWE).

Study Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Adult CI candidates with preoperative low-frequency pure-tone average (LFPTA; 125, 250, 500 Hz) ≤60 dB HL.

Intervention:
CI with and without intracochlear real-time electrocochleography (RT-ECochG).

Main Outcome Measure:
HP (LFPTA ≤80 dB HL), LFPTA shift, speech-perception performance measures, postoperative CT reconstruction.

Results:
Forty-two subjects were implanted with the SLWE. Thirty patients underwent full insertion without RT-ECochG feedback, and HP was maintained at 3-months postactivation for 7 (23.3%) patients with mean LFPTA shift of 57.5 ± 25.6 dB HL. RT-ECochG feedback was utilized on 12 patients, of whom 6 patients had full insertions and 6 patients had anywhere from 1 to 3 electrodes left outside of the cochlea based on RT-ECochG feedback. At 3 months postoperatively, HP was achieved on 10 (83.3%) patients and mean LFPTA shift was 18.9 c 11.7 dB HL. Mean difference between LFPTA threshold shift at 3-months postactivation with and without RT-ECochG was 38.6 dB HL (95% CI, 25.6–51.67). There was an improvement in delta CNC from preoperative to 3-months postactivation when using RT-ECochG, with mean difference 20.7% (95% CI, 3.3–38.1).

Conclusions:
Use of RT-ECochG monitoring during SLWE placement results in fewer full electrode insertions and significantly better HP rates and speech-perception outcomes when compared with unmonitored insertions. Further investigation is needed to evaluate long-term audiologic outcomes to better understand the relationships among ECochG, cochlear trauma, functional outcomes, and HP.
Modified Power Piston Versus Simultaneous Stapedotomy With Hearing Aids in Otosclerosis: A Follow-Up Study Exploring Speech Recognition, Quality of Life and Usage of Device
Authors: Dejaco Daniel , Riedl David , Cassar Anna Elisabeth , Gottfried Timo , Rasse Thomas , Fischer Natalie , Kreuzer-Simonyan Armina , Seebacher Josef , Riechelmann Herbert , Keintzel Thomas , Schmutzhard Joachim 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
To compare audiologic outcomes, quality-of-life (QoL) and usage-of-device (UoD) between case-matched, otosclerotic patients with mixed hearing loss (MHL) which received (a) stapedotomy and postoperative amplification with hearing aids (SDT+HA) or (b) short-incudial process coupled active middle ear implant with simultaneous stapedotomy (mPP).

Study design, setting, and patients:
Prospective, matched case-control, follow-up study conducted at two tertiary otologic referral centers. Eligible were all otosclerotic patients with MHL, which received mPP at either of the two institutions. A case-matched-cohort of SDT+HA-patients was generated from the hospitals database based on preoperative audiologic findings.

Main outcome measures:
For sound- and speech perception, primary outcome parameters were the mean postoperative, aided air-conduction pure tone average (mpa-AC-PTA) and word recognition score at 80 dB speech level (mpa-WRS), for QoL the mean Nijmegen-Cochlear-Implant-Questionnaire (NCIQ) total-score, and for UoD the mean score rated on a 10-point Likert-scale.

Results:
A total of 28 patients were included; 14 received mPP; mpa-AC-PTA and mpa-WRS significantly improved from 47.1 dB-HL to 34.3 dB-HL (−12.8 dB-HL; p < 0.001) and from 75.0% to 93.2% (+18.2%; p = 0.002) compared to 46.5 dB-HL to 31.9 dB-HL (−14.8 dB-HL; p < 0.008) and 75.0% to 93.2% (+18.2%; p = 0.002) for SDT+HA. No significant difference between groups was observed (all p > 0.1). NCIQ total-score between groups did not significantly differ (70.4 vs. 69.9; p = 0.93). UoD for mPP was significantly higher (6.1 vs. 3.0; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
If medical/technical problems prevent usage of HA in otosclerosis with MHL, mPP can be considered as effective treatment option with similar audiological outcome and QoL. A significantly higher UoD for mPP was observed.
Nursing Infection Control Practice Adherence, Related Barriers, and Methods of Intervention
Authors: Driscoll Brendan , Evans Darlene 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to evaluate the level of infection control (IC) practice adherence and related barriers among nursing staff at a US academic medical center. Furthermore, it surveys staff to identify interventions to improve adherence with IC practices.

BACKGROUND
Infectious disease emergencies have exposed healthcare workers to increased infection risk. This study aims to explore IC practice adherence in the tertiary hospital setting and further investigate the personal protective equipment (PPE) champion role as a method to boost adherence.

METHODS
This descriptive quality improvement study includes 2 parts: 1) A PPE champion role was piloted to support healthcare worker adherence to IC practices; and 2) a survey was disseminated to nursing staff to identify the perceptions of their own and coworkers' adherence to IC practices as well as suggestions for improvement.

RESULTS
Twenty-six percent of PPE champion observations found nursing staff nonadherent with IC practices and policies. Barriers included knowledge deficit (38%), lack of motivation (38%), time constraints (21%), and lack of supplies (3%). Two hundred sixty-four RNs and nurse technicians responded to the IC survey. Nursing staff rated their IC adherence higher than observed by their peers. Perceived barriers to adherence included the lack of supplies (53%), knowledge of proper technique (41%), time constraints (35%), and motivation (5%). Staff recommended using PPE champions (52%) and mandating supervised practice of essential skills (48%) to increase adherence.

CONCLUSIONS
Nursing staff reported barriers related to their knowledge of proper technique and suggested interventions including supervised practice of critical skills. It seems that the PPE champion role is a popular method to boost IC practice adherence that can be implemented during pandemic and nonpandemic environments at minimal cost.