bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Proppant Logging Technique for Infill Drilling of Unconventional Shale Wells
Authors: Maity Debotyam , Ciezobka Jordan 
Published: March 2022

Summary
During the development of an unconventional play, wells are drilled and completed in batches, and depending on the development plans, current and expected energy market trends, as well as other developmental considerations, new wells are drilled and hydraulically fractured later near existing producing laterals. This creates challenges in terms of optimizing resource recovery and reducing interwell communication. A novel approach is proposed that utilizes systematic composite sampling and analysis of drilling mud returns to look for and quantitatively identify sand particles. The workflow involves cleaning, drying, and segregation of samples into sizes of interest to us (size distribution of pumped proppant in offset parent wells). These samples are imaged at a very high resolution and analyzed for grains using characteristic optical imaging properties to classify proppant sand particles using computer vision algorithms. Further analysis, such as elemental compositional analysis, is used to validate the results from the imaging workflow. We present a case study from the Permian Basin, where a new child well was used as a test case to prove this technology at the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS-2) in Delaware Basin. We introduce new proppant parameters that help identify sustained proppant zones vs. localized propped fractures. We have used additional diagnostics and data collected at the test site to validate observations from the proppant log and have successfully interpreted significantly propped vs. unpropped zones. A key finding from this test has been the significant proppant transport distances observed away from parent wells. Observable proppant was found at a lateral distance of approximately 425 m for one set of parent wells and more than 915 m for another set of parent wells. While a major limitation of this technique is the sampling rate, given adequate sampling, the proposed technology represents a systematic and one-of-a-kind interpretation of spatial proppant distribution while drilling infill wells. It provides us with unique opportunities to better understand the current state of the reservoir being targeted, including zones that are likely highly drained relative to others, and how the planned hydraulic fracturing of child wells can be improved.
The respective relations of expression of OSBPL3 with Ki-67 expression and KRAS mutation in CRC for diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Zhang Min , Meng Lei , Zhang Zhaoxuan , Wu Jing , Chen Xi , He Jie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: OSBPL3 is overexpressed in a variety of malignancies and is closely associated with tumor growth and metastasis. However, its expression and function in colorectal cancer (CRC) are unclear. We aimed to investigate its prognostic and therapeutic value in this disease by detecting its expression in CRC and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients. Methods: A total of 92 CRC samples were included in this study. According to the 2020 WHO diagnostic criteria, the criteria of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition staging system were used. OSBPL3 and Ki-67 expression in these samples was detected by immunohistochemistry. OSBPL3 mRNA expression was detected by qRT-PCR. KRAS/NRAS mutations were detected by an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). Data analysis was performed using the statistical analysis software Prism 8. Results: OSBPL3 was found to be significantly overexpressed in CRC tumor tissues and was associated with worse progression-free survival and overall survival in patients. Additionally, OSBPL3 expression was negatively correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation. KRAS mutations were detected in approximately 32.6% of patients and were significantly associated with high OSBPL3 expression. In addition, OSBPL3 and Ki-67 expression was significantly correlated. Conclusions: OSBPL3 is highly expressed in CRC samples and predicts a worse prognosis. OSBPL3 may become a new potential therapeutic target for CRC.
Dephosphorylation of Nitrate Reductase Protein Regulates Growth of Rice and Adaptability to Low Temperature
Authors: Han Ruicai , Li Chenyan , Li Huijie , Wang Yupeng , Pan Xiaohua , Shi Qinghua , Fang Jiahai , Wu Ziming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Nitrate reductase (NR) is an important enzyme for nitrate assimilation in plants, and its activity is regulated by post-translational phosphorylation. The change of nitrogen uptake affects the response of rice to low temperature and its growth. To investigate the effect of NIA1 protein dephosphorylation on the growth of rice and its adaptability to low temperature, we analyzed phenotype, chlorophyll content, nitrogen utilization, and antioxidant capacity at low temperature in lines with a mutated NIA1 phosphorylation site (S532D and S532A), an OsNia1 over-expression line (OE), and wild-type Kitaake rice (WT). Results: Plant height, dry matter weight, and chlorophyll content of S532D and S532A were lower than those of WT and OE under normal growth conditions but were higher than those of WT and OE at low temperature. Compared with WT and OE, the nitrite, H2O2, and MDA contents of S532D and S532A leaves were higher under normal growth conditions. The difference in leaf nitrite content between transgenic lines and WT was narrower at low temperature, especially in S532D and S532A, while H2O2 and MDA contents of S532D and S532A leaves were lower than those in WT and OE leaves. The NH4+-N and amino acid contents of S532D and S532A leaves were higher than those of WT and OE leaves under normal or low temperature. qRT-PCR results revealed that transcription levels of OsNrt2.4, OsNia2, and OsNADH-GOGAT were positively correlated with those of OsNia1, and the transcription levels of OsNrt2.4, OsNia2, and OsNADH-GOGAT were significantly higher in transgenic lines than in WT under both normal and low temperature. Conclusions: Phosphorylation of NR is a steady-state regulatory mechanism of nitrogen metabolism, and dephosphorylation of NIA1 protein improved NR activity and nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice. Excessive accumulation of nitrite under normal growth conditions inhibits the growth of rice; however, accumulation of nitrite is reduced at low temperature, enhancing the cold tolerance of rice. These results provide a new insight for improving cold tolerance of rice.
Combining deep-wavelet neural networks and support-vector machines to classify breast lesions in thermography images
Authors: de Santana Maíra Araújo , Barbosa Valter Augusto de Freitas , de Lima Rita de Cássia Fernandes , Santos Wellington Pinheiro dos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer is among the leading causes of cancer death among women. The occurrence of breast cancer is similar both in developed countries and in underdeveloped and developing nations, although mortality is higher in underdeveloped countries due to late detection. Even though mammography is the most used technique for the differential diagnosis of breast cancer, breast thermography can be used as a complementary technique, more accurate than self-examination but accurate enough to guide the use of a mammogram. However, thermal imaging is still difficult for radiologists to understand. Machine learning can help improve this scenario. Deep Wavelet Neural Networks are convolutional neural networks that do not necessarily learn, as they may have predefined filter banks as their neurons. Methods: In this work, we propose a deep hybrid architecture to support breast thermography imaging diagnosis based on five-layer Deep-Wavelet Neural Networks, to extract attributes of regions of interest from mammograms, and linear kernel support vector machines for final classification. Results: Classical classifiers such as Bayesian classifiers, single hidden layer multilayer perceptrons, decision trees, Random Forests, and support vector machines were tested. The results showed that it is possible to detect and classify injuries with an average accuracy of 99% and an average kappa of 0.99, employing a 5-layer deep-wavelet network and a linear kernel support vector machine as the final classifier. Conclusion: Using a deep neural network with prefixed weights from the Wavelets Transform filterbank, it was possible to extract attributes and thus take the problem to a universe where it can be solved with relatively simple decision boundaries like those composed by linear kernel support vector machines. This shows that these new deep networks can be important in building complete solutions to improve breast thermography imaging results to support clinical diagnosis.
Early indications on pediatric renal injury: Evidence from biomarkers; Kidney injury molecule-1 and Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin.
Authors: Gunasekara T. D. K. S. C. , De Silva P. Mangala CS , Eka E. M.D.V. , Thakshila W. A.K.G. , Pinipa R. A.I. , Sandamini P. M.M.A. , Gunarathna S. D. , Chandana E. P. S. , Jayasinghe S. S , Herath C. , Siribaddana Sisira , Jayasundara Nishad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pediatric renal injury is an emergent health concern in communities affected by Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu). Early detection of susceptibilities through highly sensitive and specific biomarkers can lead to effective therapeutic and preventive interventions against renal diseases. Here, we aimed to investigate the utility of kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in early detection of renal abnormalities in selected pediatric communities in Sri Lanka.. The study areas were stratified as CKDu endemic, emerging and non-endemic based on the prevalence of CKDu, and a total of 804 school students (10-18 years of age) participated in the study. The median (IQR) urinary KIM-1 levels of the participants were 0.193 (0.026-0.338), 0.082 (0.001-0.220) and 0.040 (0.003-0.242) ng/mgCr for CKDu endemic, emerging and non-endemic regions respectively. Participants from CKDu endemic regions reported elevated (p<0.0001) urinary KIM-1 expression compared to those from the other regions. The median (IQR) NGAL levels in participants from CKDu endemic (2.969; 1.833-5.641), emerging (3.374; 1.766-6.103), and non-endemic (3.345; 1.742-5.128 ng/mgCr) regions showed no significant difference. Also, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) showed no significant differences across gender or residency. The prevalence of albuminuria was 1- 2 % in the locations irrespective of CKDu burden. Albuminuric participants reported higher (p<0.05) urinary KIM-1 levels in comparison to normoalbuminuric participants. Significantly elevated urinary KIM-1 expression in a pediatric population from CKDu affected regions, especially in the presence of albuminuria, may indicate low-grade early renal damage supporting the utility of KIM-1 as a quantifiable biomarker.
Effect of oxidative stress-induced autophagy on proliferation and apoptosis of hMSCs
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Liu Shaojin , Zheng Weipeng , Liao Zhihao , Chen Sheng , Wei Hewei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:Objective:To observe the effect of H2O2 induced oxidative stress on autophagy and apoptosis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Method: The hBMSCs were separated and cultured by density gradient centrifugation combined with adherence method. They were divided into blank group (with medium only), 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor) pretreatment group (with 2 ml of 5 mM 3-MA medium), H2O2 Intervention group (add 2ml medium containing 0.05mM H2O2), H2O2+3-MA treatment group (add 2ml medium containing 5mM 3-MA, then add 2ml medium containing 0.05mM H2O2). DCFH-DA staining was used to detect cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels,and CCK-8 analysis was used to detect the effects of different concentrations (0,50,100,200,400μmol/L) of H2O2 on the proliferation of hBMSCs; Monodansylcadaverine(MDC) Fluorescent amine probe staining, Lysosome Red Fluorescent Probe (Lyso-Tracker Red) staining to observe the level of autophagy; Immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression of LC3A/B; Flow cytometry (Annexin V/PI) to detect cell apoptosis Circumstances; Protein chip detection of autophagy-related proteins; Western blot detection of Beclin1, mTOR, p-mTOR, LC3A/B, and Cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. Result: After treating hBMSCs with different concentrations of H2O2 (0,50,100,200,400μmol) for 24h ,48h, and 72h, with the increase of H2O2 concentration, the cell proliferation ability decreased; while with the extension of time, the cell proliferation ability increased not significantly; 50μmol cell proliferation ability is the strongest. Compared with the blank group and 3-MA group, the H2O2 intervention group increased the level of intracellular ROS, increased autophagosomes, and significantly decreased the apoptosis rate; up-regulated Beclin1, mTOR, LC3A/B and Cleaved caspase-3 protein expression, and down-regulated p-mTOR Protein expression level. Compared with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA group, the H2O2+3-MA group increased the level of intracellular ROS, increased autophagosomes, and did not significantly increase the apoptosis rate; up-regulated the protein expression of Beclin1, mTOR, LC3A/B and Cleaved caspase-3 Down-regulate the expression of p-mTOR protein. Conclusion: H2O2 can induce hMSCs to produce oxidative stress response. Under oxidative stress conditions, hMSCs can promote protective autophagy and reduce cell apoptosis or the level of apoptosis caused by excessive autophagy.
Normalized Protein Catabolic Rate as a Nutritional Status Parameter in End Stage Kidney Disease Children on Hemodialysis
Authors: Hidayati Eka Laksmi , Hartanto Ignatia Karina , Kaswandani Nastiti , Kadim Muzal , Yanuarso Piprim Basarah , Hendarto Aryono 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition is a common condition in pediatric chronic kidney disease patients, and it is more complex as it could interfere with their growth and development potential. Nevertheless, classic nutritional status monitoring using anthropometric measurements is challenging due to its limitations. Normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) is a recent parameter that has already been recommended as a tool for monitoring nutritional status in the pediatric population with end-stage kidney disease that has undergone hemodialysis. However, it is still rarely used in Indonesia. We investigated the value and role of nPCR in the pediatric end-stage kidney with hemodialysis.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients 3–18 years old at Pediatric Hemodialysis Center Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Inclusion criteria were end-stage kidney disease patients who underwent routine hemodialysis for at least three months and were free of infection and hospitalization within the last one month.
Results
The population of end-stage kidney disease children on routine hemodialysis at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital had an average nPCR value of 0,85 g/kg/day. Subjects who had weight gain in 1 month after HD tend to be 4,3 times more likely to have nPCR ≥ 1 g/kg/day than those who did not gain weight. There was a weak positive correlation between nPCR and protein intake but not statistically significant.
Conclusion
nPCR measurement seems to be a promising tool to assess nutritional status in pediatric CKD. However, further study is needed using cohort and longer follow-up time.
The root enrichment of bacteria is consistent across different stress-resistant plant species
Authors: Huang Feng , Zhu Congyi , Huang Minli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bacteria, inhabiting around and in the plant root, confer many beneficial traits to plant growth and health. From the plant part, the secretion of root exudates modulates the nutritional state of the rhizosphere and root area, further selects specific bacteria taxa and structures the bacteria communities within the area. Many studies of the rhizosphere effects have demonstrated that the selection by the plant rhizosphere consistently enriches a set of bacteria phyla and genera, and is conserved across different plant species. Even though the root selection effects are considered stricter to the rhizosphere, their studies are still limited. Here, we focus on the root selection effects across a group of 11 stress-resistant plant species. We found that the root selection consistently reduced the alpha diversity (represented by observed species, shannon diversity, and phylogenetic diversity) and altered the structure and composition of bacteria communities. Furthermore, the root selection tended to enrich the species of a cluster of bacterial genera including Pantoea, Akkermansia, Blautia, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, Novosphingobium, Massilia, Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas. Our study offers some basic knowledge to the understanding of the microbial ecology of the plant root, and suggests that several bacteria genera are of interests in future studies.
Hidden blood loss in minimally invasive surgery for osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
Authors: Martin-Gorgojo Victor , Girona Sara Burguet , Donat Sonia Muñoz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) of the spine prevents the collapse of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) with lower complication and bleeding rates than open surgery. However, the possibility of hidden blood loss (HBL) has been recently described. This study aimed to estimate the postoperative impact of HBL in patients undergoing MIS for OVF.
Materials and methods
This was a retrospective study of a series of patients. Those with pathological fractures, using anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, with severe anemia (hemoglobin [Hb] < 9 g/dL), who had received a transfusion before surgery, or with hematological disorders were excluded. A descriptive analysis of recorded variables was performed, and total blood volume (TBV), total bleeding (TB), HBL, and Hb drop were calculated. This was followed by a comparative analysis between HBL and the variables of hospital stay and postoperative evolution.
Results
A total of 40 patients were included, eight men and 32 women, with a mean age of 76.6 years. The mean HBL was 682.5 mL. HBL greater than 500 mL was related to a higher probability of torpid postoperative evolution (p = 0.045) and a longer hospital stay (p = 0.067). A higher HBL was observed in surgeries of greater technical complexity and longer surgical time.
Conclusion
Although MIS techniques have shown less intraoperative bleeding than open surgery, HBL should be diagnosed because it is associated with a torpid evolution. The use of a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm may help minimize its impact.
In Silico Screening of Potential Antiviral Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease
Authors: Palanisamy Kandhan , Maiyelvaganan K. Rudharachari , Kamalakannan Shanmugasundaram , Thilagavathi Ramasamy , Selvam Chelliah , Prakash Muthuramalingam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Respiratory illness due to SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019 and has a significant morbidity and mortality rate. The main protease (Mpro) is mainly responsible for the viral replications, which acts as a good drug target to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 related diseases. Chemical compounds obtained from various herbal plants are showing potent antiviral activity against numerous viral diseases. Initial screening was performed with the phytochemicals against Mpro using molecular docking. These result shows that there is a strong interaction exhibited between active sites (His-41 and Cys-145) of Mpro with chemical compounds. In addition, ADME prediction and Lipinski’s rule of five calculations demonstrated that the selected compounds have potential drug-like properties. Further, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to understand the stability and structural changes of protein-ligand complexes for the top five compounds. MM/PBSA studies strongly suggested that compounds sitosterol, spinasterol, and asarinin form stable complexes with Mpro. The most significant hot spot residues such as Thr-25, Met-49, Cys-145, Met-165, and Gln-189 have strongly interacted with the selected chemical compounds. Our calculations suggest that asarinin is the best inhibitor to the Mpro, which supports these candidates could be potent antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2.
Evaluation of effects of robot-assisted early mobilization on critically ill patients, on the mobilization behaviour and experience of the mobilizing professionals and the organizational processes in an intensive care unit - a clinical intervention study: study protocol
Authors: Warmbein Angelika , Schroeder Ines , Mehler-Klamt Amrei Christin , Rathgeber Ivanka , Huber Jana , Scharf Christina , Hübner Lucas , Gutmann Marcus , Biebl Johanna , Lorenz Andreas , Kraft Eduard , Zoller Michael , Eberl Inge , Fischer Uli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Early mobilization positively influences the outcome of critically ill patients, yet in the clinical practice the implementation is sometimes challenging. In this study, an adaptive robotic assistance system will be used for early mobilization in intensive care units. The study aims to evaluate the experience of the mobilizing professionals, the effects on patient outcomes, and the general feasibility of implementing robotic assistance for mobilization in intensive care.Methods: The study is monocentric, prospective, interventional, and has multiple time points for data collection. To evaluate the feasibility of robotic-assisted early mobilization, the number of patients included, the number of performed VEM (very early mobilization) sessions, as well as the number and type of adverse events will be collected. The behavior and experience of mobilizing professionals will be evaluated using standardized observations (n>90) and episodic interviews (n>36) before implementation, shortly after, and in routine. Patient outcomes such as duration of mechanical ventilation, loss of muscle mass and physical activity will be measured and compared with a historical patient population. Approximately 30 patients will be included. Discussion: The study will provide information about patient outcomes, feasibility, and the experience of mobilizing professionals. It will show whether robotic systems can increase early mobilization frequency of critically ill patients. Within ICU structures, early mobilization as therapy could become more of a focus. Effects on the mobilizing professionals such as increased motivation, physical relief, or stress will be evaluated. In addition, this study will focus on whether current structures allow following the recommendation of mobilizing patients twice a day for at least 20 minutes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of a new standard of robotic-assisted early mobilization in the intensive care setting and whether it can be utilized permanently within the current framework.Trial registration: (clinicaltrials.org TRN: NCT05071248, Date: 2021/10/21) URL https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05071248