bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow resistance and velocity distribution in a smooth triangular channel
Authors: Mohammad Nezhad Hossein , Mohammadi Mirali , Ghaderi Amir , Bagherzadeh Mohammad , Ricardo Ana M. , Kuriqi Alban 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the flow resistance and velocity distribution in a smooth triangular channel under varying slope conditions in a laboratory environment. For this purpose, two triangular cross-sectional shaped channels with 30° and 45° sidewall slopes were made. In various hydraulic conditions, bed slopes were carried out at different flow discharges and channels. The results have been used to test the stage-discharge curve, Manning roughness coefficient, n, the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, f, and flow velocity profiles. By increasing the channel bed slope and flow discharge, the water surface fluctuation increased simultaneously. The fluctuation of flow surface profile in the triangular cross section (TCS) at 45° is more than in TCS 30° cases. The stage-discharge rating curve has less curvature with increasing channel bed slope. The Darcy-Weisbach f obtained from TCS 30° is higher than for TCS 45°, which means that TCS 30° has more resistance against flowing water passing through the channel than the 45° cross-section. Examination of the velocity contours shows that the maximum velocity occurred in the 30° triangular cross-section. Practical-sound findings from this research might be helpful for hydraulic engineers to design cost-effective open channels and other similar hydraulic structures.
Toxicity and removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products: a laboratory scale study with tropical plants for treatment wetlands
Authors: Arredondo Alexander , Ramírez-Vargas Carlos A. , Cubillos Janneth A. , Arrubla Juan P. , Morales-Pinzón Tito , Paredes Diego , Arias Carlos A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of the research was to evaluate the response of three tropical species (Heliconia psittacorum, Ciperus haspan, Hedychium coronarium), respect their tolerance and removal capacity of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), namely acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, methyl hydrojasmonate (cis – MDJM), galaxolide, tonalide, caffeine, naproxen, ketoprofen, and diclofenac. The study was undertaken in two stages (Stage I – Tolerance; Stage II – Removal) of 21 days each. In Stage I, it was found evidence that from 1,000 μg L−1 the plants show decaying responses, being C. haspan and H. psittacorum, the species with the best responses to tolerance and adaptation. The results of Stage II indicated that tonalide and ketoprofen compounds were 99% removed during the first 24 hours of exposure; acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, galaxolide, and naproxen compounds were 80% eliminated, and caffeine and diclofenac products presented lower removal rates during same time. The study allowed the identification of two compound blocks, PPCPs that are sorbed by plants (acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, MDJM, caffeine, galaxolide, and tonalide), and highly photodegradable compounds (ketoprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac). These findings open the possibility for further research about using plants adapted to tropical conditions, for PPCP removal from wastewaters in real scale nature-based systems such as treatment wetlands.
Recent Updates on Nanocosmeceutical Skin Care and Anti-Aging Products
Authors: Bhat Bhavana B. , Kamath Prateeksha Prakash , Chatterjee Swarnabh , Bhattacherjee Rishav , Nayak Usha Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Nanotechnology is an innovative area of science that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers.
The influence of nanotechnology in the cosmetic industry is overwhelming since it can enhance the properties
attained by the particles at the nano level, including color, solubility, etc, and can also promote the bioavailability
of API. A plethora of nanomaterials can be employed in cosmetics, including organic and inorganic nanoparticles.
Unlike orthodox carriers, they facilitate easy penetration of the product into the skin, thereby increasing
the stability and allowing a controlled drug release so that they can permeate deeper into the skin and start
revitalizing it. Nanomaterials rejuvenate the skin by forming an occlusive barrier to inhibit the loss of water
from the skin’s surface and thereby moisturize the skin. Nano-cosmeceuticals are used to provide better protection
against UV radiation, facilitate deeper skin penetration, and give long-lasting effects. Although they still
have some safety concerns, hence detailed characterization or risk assessments are required to fulfill the standard
safety requirements. In this review, an attempt is made to make a brief overview of various nanocosmeceuticals
skincare and anti-aging products.
Natural Polysaccharides Alleviate Neurological Disorders: New Updates
Authors: AlMatar Manaf , Makky Essam A. , Ramli Aizi Nor Mazila 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:Due to their difficulty in pathogenesis, nervous system disease (NSD) therapies have long been challenging problems for researchers. With the rise in the ageing population, the quest for successful NSD therapies has become a hot topic. Polysaccharides demonstrated numerous biological effects in anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and immune regulation. In recent years, several studies have been conducted in light of the connection between the properties of polysaccharides and the pathogenesis of neurological conditions. In this review, we aim to discuss the most recent reports on the beneficial properties and mechanisms of polysaccharides for nervous system-related diseases.
Exosomal microRNAs: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Small Bio-molecule in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Shahverdi Mahshid , Darvish Maryam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related death
worldwide. EC is usually diagnosed at a late stage, and despite aggressive therapy, the
five-year survival rate of patients remains poor. Exosomes play important roles in cancer
biology. Indeed, exosomes are implicated in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and
invasion. They contain bioactive molecules such as lipids, proteins, and non-coding
RNAs. Exosome research has recently concentrated on microRNAs, which are tiny noncoding
endogenous RNAs that can alter gene expression and are linked to nearly all
physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. It is suggested that
deregulation of miRNAs results in cancer progression and directly induces tumor
initiation. In esophageal cancer, miRNA dysregulation plays an important role in cancer
prognosis and patients’ responsiveness to therapy, indicating that miRNAs are important
in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the impact of exosomal miRNAs on
esophageal cancer pathogenesis and their potential applications for EC diagnosis and
therapy.
Anti-diabetic Effects of Macronutrients via Modulation of Angiogenesis: A Comprehensive Review on Carbohydrates and Proteins
Authors: Khosravifar Mina , Sajadimajd Soraya , Bahrami Gholamreza 
Published: March 2022

Background:Diabetes is a major global health concern, manifesting the symptoms of chronic hyperglycemia. Either insufficient or excessive angiogenesis is generally involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications.Objective:Given that macronutrients are important dietary players in global health issues, we aimed to review the role of macronutrients, including carbohydrates and proteins, to manage diabetes via angiogenesis modulation.Methods:Sixteen studies regarding the effects of macronutrients, including carbohydrates and proteins derived from plants, fungus, bacteria, and their derivatives, on angiogenesis in diabetes were included in our study.Results:Reviewing these studies suggests that carbohydrates, including low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF), Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (Gl-PS), as well as oligopeptides, like sea cucumber-isolated small molecule oligopeptides (SCCOPs), can induce angiogenesis in the process of wound healing. Considering retinopathy, carbohydrates, including Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), Lyciumbarbarum (LBP), Sulfated K5 Escherichia coli polysaccharide (K5-N, OS (H)), and carnosine suppressed retinal angiogenesis. Furthermore, rice bran protein (RBP) ameliorated angiogenesis in diabetic nephropathy. Carbohydrates, including DPHC, Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide (ARP), and LMWF, showed beneficial effects on endothelial cell dysfunction.Conclusion:In conclusion, data suggest that a number of macronutrients, including proteins and carbohydrates, could have protective effects against complications of diabetes via modulation of angiogenesis.
Cerebral Ischemia Induces Iron Deposit, Ferritin Accumulation, Nuclear
Receptor Coactivator 4-depletion, and Ferroptosis
Authors: Rami Abdelhaq , Hanke Nora 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The neuronal death upon cerebral ischemia shares not only characteristics
of necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy but also exhibits biochemical and morphological characteristics
of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death that is considered to be an oxidative
iron-dependent process. It is now commonly accepted that iron and free radicals are considered to
cause lipid peroxidation as well as the oxidation of proteins and nucleic acids, leading to increased
membrane and enzymatic dysfunction and finally contributing to cell death. Although ferroptosis
was first described in cancer cells, emerging evidence now links mechanisms of ferroptosis to many
different diseases, including cerebral ischemia.

Methods:
The objective of this study was to identify the key players and underlying biochemical
pathways of ferroptosis, leading to cell death upon focal cerebral ischemia in mice by using immunofluorescence,
Western blotting, histochemistry, and densitometry.

Results:
In this study, we demonstrated that cerebral ischemia induced iron-deposition, downregulated
dramatically the expression of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), decreased the expression
of the nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), and induced inappropriate accumulation of
ferritin in the ischemic brain. This supports the hypothesis that an ischemic insult may induce ferroptosis
through inhibition of GPX4.

Conclusion:
We conclude that iron excess following cerebral ischemia leads to cell death despite
activating compensatory mechanisms for iron homeostasis, as illustrated by the accumulation of
ferritins. These data emphasized the presence of a cellular mechanism that allows neuronal cells to
buffer iron levels.
Medicinal Chemistry of Inhibitors Targeting Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Monteiro Kadja Luana Chagas , Silva Osmar Nascimento , dos Santos Nascimento Igor José , Mendonça Júnior Francisco Jaime Bezerra , Aquino Pedro Gregório Vieira , da Silva-Júnior Edeildo Ferreira , de Aquino Thiago Mendonça 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT:
The discovery of antibiotics was a revolutionary feat that provided countless health bene-fits. The identification of penicillin by Alexander Fleming initiated the era of antibiotics, represent-ed by constant discoveries that enabled effective treatments for the different classes of diseases caused by bacteria. However, the indiscriminate use of these drugs allowed the emergence of re-sistance mechanisms of these microorganisms against the available drugs. In addition, the constant discoveries in the 20th century generated a shortage of new molecules, worrying health agencies and professionals about the appearance of multidrug-resistant strains against available drugs. In this context, the advances of recent years in molecular biology and microbiology have allowed new per-spectives in drug design and development, using the findings related to the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to generate new drugs that are not affected by such mechanisms and supply new mole-cules to be used to treat resistant bacterial infections. Besides, a promising strategy against bacterial resistance is the combination of drugs through adjuvants, providing new expectations in designing new antibiotics and new antimicrobial therapies. Thus, this manuscript will address the main mech-anisms of bacterial resistance under the understanding of medicinal chemistry, showing the main active compounds against efflux mechanisms, and also the application of the use of drug delivery systems, and finally, the main potential natural products as adjuvants or with promising activity against resistant strains.
Female Circumcision and Sexual Satisfaction among Iranian Kurdish
Women
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Mahsa , Nourizadeh Roghaiyeh , Sattarzadeh-Jahdi Niloufar 
Published: March 2022

Background:
There is contradictory evidence about the relationship between female circumcision
and sexual function and satisfaction, which may be rooted in cultural and social beliefs
and the different types of genital mutilation/circumcision (GM/C).

Objective:
The present study aimed to compare the sexual satisfaction among Iranian Kurdish women
with and without GM/C.

Method:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 310 women with and without GM/C aged
18-45 years, referred to the health centers of Mahabad, Iran, in 2020, using the convenience sampling
method. After completing the informed consent form by the participants, the demographic and
obstetric characteristics and Larson sexual satisfaction questionnaires were completed. The collected
data were analyzed using SPSS21 software, and Chi-square and ANCOVA tests were used.

Results:
The mean (SD) score of sexual satisfaction was 87.10 (6.15) and 86.99 (4.44) among women
with and without GM/C, respectively. After controlling the effect of confounding variables, no
significant difference was observed between the two groups. The majority of women in both groups
(91.6% in women with type I genital mutilation and 92.9% in women without GM/C) had moderate
sexual satisfaction and there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sexual
satisfaction levels.

Conclusion:
The results indicated no correlation between sexual satisfaction and type I female genital
mutilation, which may be due to the limited area of genital injury, and the individual and social
acceptance of this practice. A similar study design in other populations with different types of female
genital mutilation is recommended.
Recent PARP Inhibitor Advancements in Cancer Therapy: A Review
Authors: Byran Gowramma , Raj Pulla Prudvi , Lakshmanan Kaviarasan , Rajagopal Kalirajan , Krishnamurthy Praveen Thaggikuppe , Palati Divya Jyothi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase-1 [PARP-1] is a chromatin-bound nuclear enzyme that gets
activated by DNA damage. It facilitates DNA repair by binding to DNA breaks and attracting DNA repair
proteins to the site of damage. Increased PARP-1 expression is observed in melanomas, breast cancer,
lung cancer, and other neoplastic diseases. PARP-1 interacts directly and indirectly with various
oncogenic proteins and regulates several transcription factors, thereby modulating carcinogenesis. There
is a lot of pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the use of PARP-1 inhibitors [PARP-1i] in cancers
that express homologous recombination deficiencies like mutations within the BRCA-1/2 genes. Therapeutic
inhibition of PARP-1 is therefore perceived as a promising anticancer strategy, and numerous
PARP-1i are currently under development and clinical evaluation. Currently, there are 4 FDA-approved
PARP-1i products on the market, and a few more are in the last stage of clinical development. All the
molecules are non-selective PARP-1i. While giving promising results, PARP-1i have their own disadvantages,
like safety problems, resistance, etc. Looking at the success rate of PARP-1i in various solid
tumours, there is a need for novel and selective PARP-1i. In this review, we discuss various aspects related
to PARP-1i, like recent developments, overcoming resistance, and selectivity criteria of new molecules
for potential PARP-1i.
Analysis of Stable Chelate-free Gadolinium Loaded Titanium Dioxide
Nanoparticles for MRI-Guided Radionuclide Stimulated Cancer Treatment
Authors: Fang Lei , Huang Hengbo , Quirk James D. , Zheng Jie , Shen Duanwen , Manion Brad , Mixdorf Matthew , Karmakar Partha , Sudlow Gail P. , Tang Rui , Achilefu Samuel 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Recent studies demonstrate that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are an
effective source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic therapy and radionuclide stimulated
dynamic therapy (RaST). Unfortunately, tracking the in vivo distribution of TiO2 NPs noninvasively
remains elusive.

Objective:
Given the use of gadolinium (Gd) chelates as effective contrast agents for magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI), this study aims to (1) develop hybrid TiO2-Gd NPs that exhibit high relaxivity for tracking
the NPs without loss of ROS generating capacity; and (2) establish a simple colorimetric assay for
quantifying Gd loading and stability.

Method:
A chelate-free, heat-induced method was used to load Gd onto TiO2 NPs, which was coated with
transferrin (Tf). A sensitive colorimetric assay and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
were used to determine Gd loading and stability of the TiO2-Gd-Tf NPs. Measurement of the relaxivity was
performed on a 1.4 T relaxometer and a 4.7 T small animal magnetic resonance scanner to estimate the effects
of magnetic field strength. ROS was quantified by activated dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence.
Cell uptake of the NPs and RaST were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Both 3 T and 4.7 T
scanners were used to image the in vivo distribution of intravenously injected NPs in tumor-bearing mice.

Results:
A simple colorimetric assay accurately determined both the loading and stability of the NPs
compared with the expensive and complex ICP-MS method. Coating of the TiO2-Gd NPs with Tf stabilized
the nanoconstruct and minimized aggregation. The TiO2-Gd-Tf maintained ROS-generating capability
without inducing cell death at a wide range of concentrations but induced significant cell death under
RaST conditions in the presence of F-18 radiolabeled 2-fluorodeoxyglucose. The longitudinal (r1 = 10.43
mM-1s-1) and transverse (r2 = 13.43 mM-1s-1) relaxivity of TiO2-Gd-Tf NPs were about twice and thrice,
respectively, those of clinically used Gd contrast agent (Gd-DTPA; r1 = 3.77 mM-1s-1 and r2 = 5.51 mM-1s-1)
at 1.4 T. While the r1 (8.13 mM-1s-1) reduced to about twice that of Gd-DTPA (4.89 mM-1s-1) at 4.7 T, the
corresponding r2 (87.15 mM-1s-1) increased by a factor 22.6 compared to Gd-DTPA (r2 = 3.85). MRI of
tumor-bearing mice injected with TiO2-Gd-Tf NPs tracked the NPs distribution and accumulation in tumors.

Conclusion:
This work demonstrates that Arsenazo III colorimetric assay can substitute ICP-MS for determining
the loading and stability of Gd-doped TiO2 NPs. The new nanoconstruct enabled RaST effect in
cells, exhibited high relaxivity, and enhanced MRI contrast in tumors in vivo, paving the way for in vivo
MRI-guided RaST.
A Focused Review on Molecular Signalling Mechanisms of Ginsenosides Anti-Lung
Cancer and Anti-inflammatory Activities
Authors: Yang Deok-Chun , Kang Se Chan , Jung Dae-Hyo , Nahar Jinnatun , Mathiyalagan Ramya , Rupa Esrat Jahan , Ramadhania Zelika Mega , Han Yaxi 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a cultivated medicinal herb that has been widely available
in the Asian region since the last century. Ginseng root is used worldwide in Oriental medicine. Currently, the global
mortality and infection rates for lung cancer and inflammation are significantly increasing. Therefore, various preventative
methods related to the activity of ginsenosides have been used for lung cancer as well as inflammation.

Methods:
Web-based searches were performed on Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, and Scopus. A cancer statistical
analysis was also conducted to show the current ratio of affected cases and death from lung cancer around the world.

Results:
Ginsenosides regulate the enzymes that participate in tumor growth and migration, such as nuclear factor
kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signalregulated
kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), the gelatinase network metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2/9) and activator protein 1 (AP-1).
In addition, ginsenosides also possess anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the formation of proinflammatory cytokines
(tumor necrosis factor-α) (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and controlling the activities of inflammatory
signalling pathways, such as NF-κB, Janus kinase2/signal transducer, and activator of transcription 3 (Jak2/Stat3).

Conclusion:
In several in vitro and in vivo models, P. ginseng showed potential beneficial effects in lung cancer and
inflammation treatment. In this review, we provide a detailed and up-to-date summary of research evidence for antilung
cancer and anti-inflammatory protective effects of ginsenosides and their potential molecular mechanisms.
lncRNA H22954 Inhibits Angiogenesis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia through
a PDGFA-dependent Mechanism
Authors: Li Xuewei , Rong Jianjie , Li Tianyu , Zhou Yujing , Qi Xiaofei 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, which is regulated by diverse factors, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAS). Our previous study showed that the long non-coding RNA H22954 inhibits tumor growth, albeit whether it is involved in the angiogenesis of cancer re-mains unknown.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA H22954 in angiogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods:
Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to screen the targeted molecule of H22954. Western blot and ELISA analysis detected PDGFA protein expression, and RT-qPCR detected H22954 and PDGFA expression in cell lines and AML samples. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and half-life assay were applied to validate the relationship between H22954 and PDGFA. The functional experi-ment was conducted to investigate the role of H22954 in tube formation.

Results:
Overexpression of H22954 inhibited angiogenesis in mouse xenograft tumors and cultured acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay revealed that H22954 targeted the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of the platelet-derived growth factor subunit A (PDGFA) gene. In transfected cells, H22954 overexpression reduced PDGFA expression and protein levels. Tube formation was rescued following the addition of exogenous human PDGFA to the con-ditioned medium from cells overexpressing H22954. The expression of H22954 in K562 cells re-duced the half-life of PDGFA mRNA. Furthermore, H22954 expression was inversely correlated with PDGFA expression in patient samples.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that H22954 inhibits angiogenesis in AML through the down-regulation of PDGFA expression. Administering recombinant lncRNA H22954 may be a therapeutic approach for patients with AML.