bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Betanin ameliorates fipronil-induced nephrotoxicity via activation of Nrf2-HO-1/NQO-1 pathway in albino rat model
Authors: Sakr Samar , Hamed Amira , Atef Mona 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fipronil (FPN) is phenylpyrazole insecticide extensively used to control a wide variety of pests. Betanin (BET) is a natural colorant with promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of BET on FPN induced nephrotoxicity in adult male albino rats. Forty rats were assigned into 4 equal groups; Group I (Control); Group II (BET) received 20 mg/kg b.wt/day; Group III (FPN) received 4.8 mg/kg b.wt/day; and Group IV (BET/FPN). All treatments were given orally for 90 days. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected for analysis of serum urea and creatinine. Kidneys were harvested for determination of kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1) level; gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1); oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl content (PCC), catalase activity (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical investigation of Nrf2, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and caspase-3 were also undertaken. The results revealed kidney dysfunction, downregulation of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 genes, redox imbalance, structural damage, decreased Nrf2 and increased NF-κB immune-expression, in addition to strong caspase-3 immunoreactivity in FPN-treated group. In the combined group, BET co-administration resulted in functional and structural amelioration, up-regulation of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 genes, mitigation of redox imbalance, and strong anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. In conclusion, BET via activation of Nrf2-HO-1/NQO-1 pathway, exhibits beneficial antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects against FPN-induced nephrotoxicity.
High abscisic acid and low root hydraulic conductivity may explain low leaf hydration in ‘Mandarin’ lime exposed to aluminum
Authors: Silva Giselle Schwab , Gavassi Marina Alves , de Oliveira Carvalho Brenda Mistral , Habermann Gustavo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe first symptom of aluminum (Al) toxicity is the inhibition of root growth, which has been associated with low leaf hydration, with negative consequences for leaf gas exchange including stomatal conductance (gs) observed in many plant species. Here we asked whether low leaf hydration occurs before or after the inhibition of root growth of Citrus × limonia Osbeck (‘Mandarin’ lime) cultivated for 60 days in nutrient solution with 0 and 1480 μM Al. The length, diameter, surface area and biomass of roots of plants exposed to Al were lower than control plants only at 30 days after treatments (DAT). Until the end of the study, estimated gs (measured by sap flow techniques) was lower than in control plants from 3 DAT, total plant transpiration (Eplant) and root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) at 7 DAT, and midday leaf water potential (Ψmd) and relative leaf water content at 15 DAT. Abscisic acid (ABA) in leaves was twofold higher in Al-exposed plants 1 DAT, and in roots a twofold higher peak was observed at 15 DAT. As ABA in leaves approached values of control plants after 15 DAT, we propose that low gs of plants exposed to Al is primarily caused by ABA, and the maintenance of low gs could be ascribed to the low Lpr from 7 DAT until the end of the study. Therefore, the low leaf hydration in ‘Mandarin’ lime exposed to Al does not seem to be caused by root growth inhibition or by a simple consequence of low water uptake due to a stunted root system.
Comparative Effectiveness of Manual Therapy Interventions on Pain and Pressure Pain Threshold in Patients With Myofascial Trigger Points
Authors: Guzmán Pavón María J. , Cavero Redondo Iván , Martínez Vizcaíno Vicente , Ferri Morales Asunción , Lorenzo García Patricia , Álvarez Bueno Celia 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
Myofascial trigger points (MTPs) are one of the most important causes of musculoskeletal pain. Evidence has suggested a positive effect of manual therapy in the treatment of MTPs. However, a comprehensive review comparing the effect of different manual therapy techniques are lacking. Thus, we conducted a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the type of manual therapy technique that has the greatest positive influence in patients with MTPs.

Materials and Methods:
PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched to identify direct and indirect evidence comparing the effectiveness of different types of manual therapy interventions on pain intensity and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in patients with MTPs. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. A pairwise meta-analysis for direct and indirect comparisons between intervention and control/nonintervention groups was carried out.

Results:
A total of 37 studies were eligible for analysis. Combined interventions had the highest effect size for pain (−1.40; 95% CI, −2.34, −0.47), and the highest probability to be the best intervention and the highest Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (64.7% and 87.9%, respectively). Afferent reduction techniques, understood as the interventions aimed to restore muscle spindles helping to dictate sarcomere length and tone in MTPs, had the highest effect size for PPT (0.93; 95% CI, 0.47, 1.39), and the highest probability to be the best intervention and the highest Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (34.7% and 71.2%, respectively). The results were consistent in sensitivity analyses, with minimal inconsistencies between direct and indirect results.

Discussion:
Manual therapy interventions should be considered an effective strategy for pain and PPT in patients with MTPs. The results suggest that among the different manual therapy modalities, combined and afferent reduction techniques are the most effective for pain and PPT, respectively.
Long-Term Outcome of Severe Metabolic Acidemia in ICU Patients, a BICAR-ICU Trial Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Bendiab Eddine , Garnier Fanny , Soler Marion , Fosset Maxime , Jaber Samir , Molinari Nicolas , Jung Boris ,   on behalf of the BICAR-ICU Investigators
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Long-term prognosis of ICU survivors is a major issue. Severe acidemia upon ICU admission is associated with very high short-term mortality. Since the long-term prognosis of these patients is unknown, we aimed to determine the long-term health-related quality of life and survival of these patients.

DESIGN:
Post hoc analysis of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

SETTING:
Twenty-six French ICUs.

PATIENTS:
Day 28 critically ill survivors admitted with severe acidemia and enrolled in the BICAR-ICU trial.

INTERVENTION:
Sodium bicarbonate versus no sodium bicarbonate infusion according to the randomization group.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary outcome was health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured with the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and the EuroQol 5-D questionnaires. Secondary outcomes were mortality, end-stage renal disease treated with renal replacement therapy or renal transplantation, place of residence, professional status, and ICU readmission. HRQoL was reduced with no significant difference between the two groups. HRQoL was reduced particularly in the role-physical health domain (64/100 ± 41 in the control group and 49/100 ± 43 in the bicarbonate group, p = 0.28), but it was conserved in the emotional domains (96/100 ± 19 in the control group and 86/100 ± 34 in the bicarbonate group, p = 0.44). Forty percent of the survivors described moderate to severe problems walking, and half of the survivors described moderate to severe problems dealing with usual activities. Moderate to severe anxiety or depression symptoms were present in one third of the survivors. Compared with the French general population, HRQoL was decreased in the survivors mostly in the physical domains. The 5-year overall survival rate was 30% with no significant difference between groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Long-term HRQoL was decreased in both the control and the sodium bicarbonate groups of the BICAR-ICU trial and was lower than the general population, especially in the physical domains.
When a Traditional Medicine Customer Becomes a Plastic Surgery Patient
Authors: Mrad Mohamed Amir , Shah Mardan Qutaiba N. M. , Kariri Samah A. , Merdad Khalid A. 
Published: November 2022

Summary:
Traditional medicine therapy is practiced locally in the Middle Eastern communities. The balance between benefit and harm might tip toward the latter if its practice continues unregulated. Herein is a case of a young man who presented to our clinic complaining of keloid scars that developed following a cupping therapy session. He underwent multiple cupping sessions, without prior consent or information regarding potential complications. Finally, we present an algorithm for cupping practitioners to follow to minimize abnormal scarring.
Closing the Gender Gap in Healthcare Leadership: Can Administrative Fellowships Play a Role?
Authors: Robbins Julie , Graham Brooke Z. , Garman Andrew N. , Smith Hall Randa , Simms Jeffrey 
Published: November 2022

Goal:
Although women make up most of the healthcare workforce, they are underrepresented in higher levels of leadership positions. Leadership development programs for early careerists, such as administrative fellowships, have been suggested as one strategy for accelerating gender equity in leadership roles. However, the potential impact of these programs has not yet been the subject of systematic evaluation. In this study, we examined the (1) benefits of administrative fellowship programs on career attainment and (2) differences in attainment by gender.

Methods:
We completed this study using a data set involving alumni from a consortium of 11 graduate healthcare management programs whose students frequently pursue administrative fellowships. Our data included individual-level demographic and career attainment data for graduating classes from 5, 10, and 20 years prior to the reference year. Using multiple regression analysis, we tested the relationship of three independent variables—graduation year, gender, and completion of a fellowship—on career attainment. This analysis enabled us to determine differences in overall career attainment by gender, evaluate the role of fellowships in career attainment, and consider the differential impact of fellowships on attainment by gender.

Principal Findings:
Our findings suggest that fellowship programs accelerate leadership career paths for individual leaders, but that the effect is stronger for males than their female counterparts.

Practical Applications:
These findings not only support the value of administrative fellowships for early careerist leadership development but also suggest that closing the gender disparity gap in leadership may require additional and focused career-supportive strategies. We provide recommendations for healthcare organizations in developing their administrative fellowship programs to help minimize the gender disparity in healthcare leadership positions. Furthermore, we discuss research implications and future areas of research in administrative fellowships.
School Hearing Screening With a Portable, Tablet-Based, Noise-Attenuating Audiometric Headset in Rural Nicaragua
Authors: Saunders James E. , Bessen Sarah , Magro Isabelle , Cowan Devin , Gonzalez Quiroz Marvin , Mojica-Alvarez Karen , Penalba Donoso , Reike Catherine , Neimczak Chris , Fellows Abigail , Buckey Jay 
Published: November 2022

Objective
To investigate the utility and effectiveness of a noise-attenuating, tablet-based mobile health system combined with asynchronous telehealth evaluations for screening rural Nicaraguan schoolchildren for hearing loss.

Study Design
Prospective population-based survey.

Setting
Rural Nicaraguan communities.

Patients
There were 3,398 school children 7 to 9 years of age.

Intervention(s)
Diagnostic automated and manual audiometry, detailed asynchronous telehealth evaluations

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Referral rates, ambient noise levels, and audiometric results as well as hearing loss prevalence, types, and risk factors.

Results
Despite high ambient noise levels during screening (46.7 dBA), no effect of noise on referral rates on automated audiometry or confirmatory manual audiometry in those who failed automated testing was seen. The overall audiometric referral rate was 2.6%. Idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and cerumen impaction were the most common types of hearing loss in this population with an estimated prevalence of hearing loss (all types) of 18.3 per 1,000 children. SNHL was associated with both drug exposure during pregnancy (p = 0.04) and pesticide exposure in the home (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Hearing screening using a tablet-based, noise-attenuating wireless headset audiometer is feasible and effective in rural low-resource environments with moderately elevated ambient noise levels. The referral rate with noise-attenuating headsets was much lower than that previous reports on this population. In addition, manual audiometry resulted in much lower referral rates than automated audiometry. The confirmed hearing loss rate in this study is comparable to reports from other low-income countries that use some form of noise attenuation during screening. Pesticide exposure and drug exposure during pregnancy are potential causes of SNHL in this population.
Trends and Outcomes of Fungal Temporal Bone Osteomyelitis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Macias David , Jeong Seth S. , Van Swol Joshua M. , Moore Jeremy D. , Brennan Emily A. , Raymond Mallory , Nguyen Shaun A. , Rizk Habib G. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Temporal bone osteomyelitis is an invasive infection most often caused by bacteria and associated with high mortality. Fungal etiologies are rare and little is known of the predictors of disease severity and outcomes in fungal temporal bone osteomyelitis.

Materials and Methods
A scoping review was performed to determine what is known from the literature on how clinical, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics relate to patient outcomes in fungal temporal bone osteomyelitis. Using PRISMA guidelines, three databases were searched to identify all published cases of fungal temporal bone osteomyelitis. Data were extracted from each study, including clinical, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics, and outcomes.

Results
Sixty-eight studies comprising 74 individual cases of fungal temporal bone osteomyelitis were included. All studies were case reports. There were high rates of diabetes, facial nerve palsy, infectious complications, and need for surgical intervention, as well as a significant delay in the evaluation and diagnosis of fungal temporal bone osteomyelitis. Disease recovery was greater in patients presenting with otorrhea, comorbid diabetes, and in those without facial nerve palsy.

Discussion
Many of the defining characteristics of fungal temporal bone osteomyelitis remain unknown, and future reports should focus on determining factors that improve timely diagnosis and treatment of fungal TBO in addition to identifying prognostic indicators for outcomes and survival.
Video Analysis of Otologic Instrument Movement During Resident Mastoidectomies
Authors: Pipaliya Royal M. , Raymond Mallory J. , Rowley M. Andrew , Jasper Polly M. , Meyer Ted A. 
Published: November 2022

Objective
To measure surgical instrument movement during resident mastoidectomies and identify metrics that correlate with experience.

Study Design
Retrospective case series.

Setting
Tertiary care center.

Subjects
Ten postgraduate year (PGY) 2, 6 PGY3, 7 PGY4, and 19 PGY5 recordings of mastoidectomy performed by otolaryngology residents.

Interventions
One-minute intraoperative recordings of mastoidectomies performed during cochlear implantation were collected. Drill and suction-irrigator motion were analyzed with sports motion tracking software.

Main Outcome Measures
Mean instrument speed, angle, and angular velocity were calculated. Mann-Whitney U tests compared mean instrument metrics between PGY levels. Change in drill speed for seven residents between their PGY2 to PGY5 years was individually analyzed.

Results
Mean drill speed was significantly greater for PGY5 residents compared with PGY2s (2.9 versus 1.8 cm/s, p = 0.001). Compared with PGY2 residents, suction speed was greater as a PGY5 (1.2 versus 0.9 cm/s; p = 0.201) and significantly greater as a PGY4 (1.5 versus 0.9 cm/s, p = 0.039). Of the seven residents individually analyzed, group mean drill speed increased by 0.4 cm/s, yearly.

Conclusions
Drill and suction-irrigator movement during the second minute of drilling of a cortical mastoidectomy seems to increase with resident level. Objective video analysis is a potential adjunct for differentiating novices from more experienced surgeons and monitoring surgical skills progress.
Hospital-based Health Information Technology Infrastructure
Authors: Chen Jie , Spencer Merianne Rose T. , Buchongo Portia , Wang Min Qi 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) is one of the most expensive health conditions in the United States. Understanding the potential cost-savings or cost-enhancements of Health Information Technology (HIT) can help policymakers understand the capacity of HIT investment to promote population health and health equity for patients with ADRD.

Objectives:
This study examined access to hospital-based HIT infrastructure and its association with racial and ethnic disparities in Medicare payments for patients with ADRD.

Research Design:
We used the 2017 Medicare Beneficiary Summary File, inpatient claims, and the American Hospital Association Annual Survey. Our study focused on community-dwelling Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who were diagnosed with ADRD. Our study focused on hospital-based telehealth-postdischarge (eg, remote patient monitoring) and telehealth-treatment (eg, psychiatric and addiction treatment) services.

Results:
Results showed that hospital-based telehealth postdischarge services were associated with significantly higher total Medicare payment and acute inpatient Medicare payment per person per year among patients with ADRD on average. The associations between hospital-based telehealth-treatment services and payments were not significant. However, the association varied by patient’s race and ethnicity. The reductions of the payments associated with telehealth postdischarge and treatment services were more pronounced among Black patients with ADRD. Telehealth-treatment services were associated with significant payment reductions among Hispanic patients with ADRD.

Conclusion:
Results showed that having hospital-based telehealth services might be cost-enhancing at the population level but cost-saving for Black and Hispanic patients with ADRD. Results suggested that personalized HIT services might be necessary to reduce the cost associated with ADRD treatment for racial and ethnic minority groups.
A retrospective study of patients treated with by oral anticancer drugs: Impact of pharmacy consultation
Authors: Clou Emmanuelle , Dubois Antonin , Gaudas Julien , Palisson Hugo , Chetouane Kahina , Talarmin Chloé , Meynial Olivia , Nguyen Jacqueline , Assoun Sandra , Benderra Marc-Antoine , Nasrallah Dhekra , Esteso Adoraction , Avenin Danièle , Galula Gilles , Ghebriou Djamel , Gligorov Joseph , Khalil Ahmed , Korenbaum Clément , Prebet Coralie , Foka-Tichoue Hervé , Lotz Jean-Pierre , Debrix Isabelle 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Pharmacists can contribute to improve prevention and management of patients treated with oral anticancer drugs. The aim of this study was to describe pharmacist interventions in drug-related problems (DRPs), medication optimization, and patient management.

Methods:
The pharmaceutical process allows obtaining exhaustive list of usual patient treatment, patient education, and telephonic follow-up at home. During pharmacy consultation and telephonic follow-up, the number and type of pharmacist interventions were collected and classified into 3 categories: DRPs, medication optimization, and patient management. During telephonic follow-up, pharmacists detected adverse events.

Results:
From February 2016 to May 2020, 224 pharmacy consultations were conducted. A total of 508 pharmacist interventions (248 for pharmacy consultation and 260 for telephonic follow-up) were conducted, with an average of 2.3 pharmacist interventions per patient. Pharmacist interventions were 44.4% for patient management, 29.6% for DRPs, and 26.0% for medication optimization. After pharmacy consultation, 36.2% of patients' usual treatments were amended. Two hundred thirteen adverse events (AEs) were reported, and 38.8% of patients had one or more AEs. AEs detected were 15 for temporary discontinuation of oral anticancer drugs, 25 for emergency consultations, and 3 for hospitalizations.

Conclusion:
Pharmacy consultation has shown that pharmacists can contribute to optimize medicinal care for patients with cancer.
Repeatability and timing of tropical influenza epidemics
Authors: Servadio Joseph L , Thai Pham Quang , Choisy Marc , Boni Maciej F 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMuch of the world experiences influenza in yearly recurring seasons, particularly in temperate areas. These patterns can be considered repeatable, occurring predictably and consistently. In tropical areas, including southeast Asia, this consistency is less conspicuous. This study aimed to assess repeatability of influenza in Vietnam. A mathematical model was developed incorporating periods of increased transmission, and fit to data from sentinel hospitals throughout Vietnam as well as four temperate locations. Repeatability was evaluated through the variance of the timings of peak transmission. Model fits from Vietnam show high variance (sd = 70-171) in peak transmission timing; peaks occurred at irregular intervals and throughout different times of year. Fits from temperate locations showed regular, annual epidemics in winter months, with low variance in peak timings (sd = 33-74). This suggests that influenza patterns are not repeatable or seasonal in Vietnam. Influenza prevention in Vietnam therefore cannot rely anticipating regularly occurring outbreaks.
An unbroken network of interactions connecting flagellin domains is required for motility in viscous environments
Authors: Nedeljković Marko , Postel Sandra , Bonsor Daniel , Xing Yingying , Jacob Neil , Schuler William J. , Sundberg Eric J. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTIn its simplest form, bacterial flagellar filaments are composed of flagellin proteins with just two helical inner domains, which together comprise the filament core. Although this minimal filament is sufficient to provide motility in many flagellated bacteria, most bacteria produce flagella composed of flagellin proteins with one or more outer domains arranged in a variety of supramolecular architectures radiating from the inner core. Flagellin outer domains are known to be involved in adhesion, proteolysis and immune evasion but have not been thought to be required for motility. Here we show that in thePseudomonas aeruginosaPOA1 strain, a bacterium that forms a ridged filament on account of the arrangement of the two outer domains of its flagellin protein, motility is categorically dependent on these flagellin outer domains. Moreover, a comprehensive network of intermolecular interactions connecting the inner domains to the outer domains, the outer domains to one another, and the outer domains back to the inner domain filament core, is required for motility. This inter-domain connectivity confers PAO1 flagella with increased stability, essential for its motility in viscous environments. Additionally, we find that such ridged flagellar filaments are not unique toPseudomonasbut are, instead, present throughout diverse bacterial phyla.