bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of salvage radical prostatectomy after initial irreversible electroporation treatment for recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: van Riel Luigi A.M.J.G. , Geboers Bart , Kabaktepe Ertunc , Blazevski Alexander , Reesink Daan J. , Stijns Pascal , Stricker Phillip D. , Casanova Juan , Dominguez‐Escrig Jose Luis , de Reijke Theo M. , Scheltema Matthijs J. , Oddens Jorg R. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate: (i) safety, (ii) feasibility, and medium‐term (iii) oncological and (iv) functional outcomes of salvage radical prostatectomy (sRP) for recurrent localised prostate cancer (PCa) following initial focal therapy using irreversible electroporation (IRE).Patients and MethodsAn international, multicentre and retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients that underwent sRP for recurrent localised PCa after initial primary IRE treatment. Data were reported on (i) surgical complications, (ii) feasibility of sRP reported by surgeons, (iii) time interval between IRE and sRP and pathology results, and (iv) urinary continence, erectile function, and quality of life.ResultsIn four participating centres, a total of 39 patients with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age 64 (60–67) years were identified. No serious adverse events occurred during or following sRP and surgery was deemed feasible without difficulties. The median (IQR) time to recurrence following IRE was 14.3 (9.1–38.8) months. Pathology results showed localised disease in 21 patients (53.8%) and locally‐advanced disease in 18 (46.2%). Positive surgical margins (PSMs) were observed in 10 patients (25.6%), of which six (15.4%) had significant PSMs. A persistent detectable prostate‐specific antigen level was found in one case after sRP, caused by metastatic disease. One patient had a biochemical recurrence 6 months after sRP. These two cases, together with a PSM case, required additional therapy after sRP. After a median (IQR) follow‐up of 17.7 (11.8–26.4) months, urinary continence and erectile function were preserved in 34 (94.4%) and 18 patients (52.9%), respectively, while quality of life remained stable.ConclusionsSalvage RP is safe and feasible for patients with recurrent localised PCa following initial IRE treatment. The medium‐term oncological and functional outcomes are similar to primary RP. Strict patient selection for focal therapy and standardised follow‐up is needed as some patients developed high‐grade disease.
Manufacturing clinical‐grade human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived beta cells for diabetes treatment
Authors: Tan Lay Shuen , Chen Juin Ting , Lim Lillian Yuxian , Teo Adrian Kee Keong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe unlimited proliferative capacity of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) fortifies it as one of the most attractive sources for cell therapy application in diabetes. In the past two decades, vast research efforts have been invested in developing strategies to differentiate hPSCs into clinically suitable insulin‐producing endocrine cells or functional beta cells (β cells). With the end goal being clinical translation, it is critical for hPSCs and insulin‐producing β cells to be derived, handled, stored, maintained and expanded with clinical compliance. This review focuses on the key processes and guidelines for clinical translation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived β cells for diabetes cell therapy. Here, we discuss the (1) key considerations of manufacturing clinical‐grade hiPSCs, (2) scale‐up and differentiation of clinical‐grade hiPSCs into β cells in clinically compliant conditions and (3) mandatory quality control and product release criteria necessitated by various regulatory bodies to approve the use of the cell‐based products.
Adjacent crop type impacts potential pollinator communities and their pollination services in remnants of natural vegetation
Authors: Reynolds Victoria A. , Cunningham Saul A. , Rader Romina , Mayfield Margaret M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimPollination plays a crucial role in the conservation of many plant species persisting in fragmented, human‐dominated landscapes. Pollinators are known to be instrumental in maintaining genetic diversity and metapopulation dynamics for many plant species and are important for providing ecological services that are essential in agricultural landscapes where populations of native plants are highly isolated. Numerous studies have explored the value of remnant native vegetation for supporting pollination services to crop species, yet the effect of mass‐flowering crops on the pollinator communities and the pollination services they provide to native plant communities persisting in fragmented landscapes are less well understood. Here, we assess the influence of the presence and phenology of a mass‐flowering crop to pollinator community structure, abundance, and pollen load composition in remnant vegetation in complex agricultural landscapes.LocationSouth‐west Western Australia, Australia.MethodsWe recorded the composition and abundance of insect flower visitors and their pollen loads in isolated remnants of York Gum‐Jam woodlands adjacent to canola (insect‐attracting) or wheat (non‐insect‐attracting) fields over two years.ResultsAll bees were much more sensitive to adjacent crop type (neighbouring canola or wheat) than non‐bee pollinators. Honeybees were the most abundant pollinators in canola fields during peak flowering. Honeybee abundance increased in canola‐adjacent reserves post canola bloom, potentially indicating a movement into reserves as crop flowering waned. Native bees were the most diverse in remnant vegetation. Pollen loads of native bees were more mixed (increased pollen richness and evenness) when sampled next to canola fields compared to wheat fields.Main conclusionThe availability of potential insect pollinators to remnant wildflower communities in agricultural landscapes is context dependent. Whether sampled communities were adjacent to wheat or canola in a landscape significantly impacted the abundance of potential pollinators in certain landscape elements, but not others, and the composition of pollen loads carried by these insects. Results offer novel insights about the influence of landscape context on pollinator communities and the potential pollination services available for the conservation of native plant species in highly fragmented agricultural landscapes.
Lower cerebral arterial blood flow is associated with greater serum neurofilament light chain levels in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Jakimovski Dejan , Gibney Brianna L. , Marr Karen , Ramasamy Deepa P. , Dwyer Michael G. , Bergsland Niels , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Ramanathan Murali , Zivadinov Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeHypoperfusion, vascular pathology, and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with disease severity in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to assess relationships between cerebral arterial blood flow (CABF) and serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) as neuronal damage biomarkers.Methods and MaterialsTotal CABF was measured in 137 patients (86 with clinically isolated syndrome/relapsing‐remitting (RR) MS and 51 with progressive MS [PMS]) and 48 healthy controls using Doppler ultrasonography. sNfL was quantitated using a single‐molecule assay (Simoa). Examination using 3.0‐T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allowed quantification of T2 lesions and whole‐brain volume (WBV). Multiple linear regression models determined the sNfL association with CABF after correction for demographic and MRI‐derived variables.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex and body mass index (BMI), total CABF remained statistically significant and model comparisons showed that CABF explained an additional 2.6% of the sNfL variance (β = −0.167, p = 0.044). CABF also remained significant in a stepwise regression model (β = 0.18, p = 0.034) upon the inclusion of T2 lesion burden and WBV effects. Patients in the lowest CABF quartile (CABF ≤ 761 ml/min) had significantly higher sNfL levels (34.6 vs. 23.9 pg/ml, age and BMI‐adjusted‐p = 0.042) when compared to the highest quartile (CABF ≥ 1130 ml/min).ConclusionLower CABF is associated with increased sNfL in MS patients, highlighting the relationship between cerebral hypoperfusion and axonal pathology.
The complete aquatic life: Adaptation of Amphiops mater Sharp (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) to the water surface during the pupal stage
Authors: Kuwabara Tomoharu , Hayashi Masakazu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmphiops mater Sharp, 1873, live on the water surface from the egg stage to the pupal stage. Pupae are usually attached to floating objects and normally hatch even when removed from the objects and allowed to float on the water. The pupal period lasts 2–3 days (mean 2.4 days). Interestingly, the pupae are not easily preyed upon by water striders, Gerris latiabdominis Miyamoto, 1958, and their inconspicuous shape and short pupal duration may allow them to escape predation. Most Hydrophilidae species pupate on land, but A. mater can complete its life stages in an aquatic environment.
Warmer and drier conditions have increased the potential for large and severe fire seasons across south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Collins Luke , Clarke Hamish , Clarke Michael F. , McColl Gausden Sarah C. , Nolan Rachael H. , Penman Trent , Bradstock Ross 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe aims were: (1) to identify the environmental drivers of interannual variation in wildfire extent and severity; (2) to examine temporal trends in climatic potential for large and severe wildfires; and (3) to assess whether environmental conditions experienced during the 2019–2020 mega‐fire season were anomalous.LocationSouth‐eastern Australia.Time period1953–2020.Major taxa studiedTemperate forests.MethodsWe used satellite‐derived fire severity mapping from 1988 to 2020 to model the effects of drought, weather and fuels on the annual area burned and the proportion of the area burned that was impacted by high‐severity fire across four bioregions. Trends in wildfire extent and severity were then estimated from 1953 to 2020 using these derived models and gridded climate data to assess changes in climatic potential for large and severe wildfires. Estimates of wildfire extent and severity for the 2019–2020 fire season were then assessed against prior seasons (1953–2019).ResultsAnnual area burned was positively related to the severity of seasonal drought and frequency of fire weather conditions that promote substantial daily fire growth. Wildfire severity was elevated in years with severe fire weather and increased with increasing antecedent drought in years without severe fire weather. Fuels had a lesser effect on wildfire extent and severity than climate. Potential fire extent and severity have increased over time in response to an increased severity of drought and worsening fire weather conditions. Estimates of wildfire extent and severity during the 2019–2020 fire season approached the upper extreme within each bioregion, owing to widespread extreme climatic conditions.Main conclusionsThe climatic potential for large and severe forest fires has increased across south‐eastern Australia since the 1950s, probably because of anthropogenic climate change. The magnitude and severity of the 2019–2020 fires reflected climatic conditions that are driving an increase in the size and severity of wildfires.
Comprehensive endoscopic management of impacted ureteral stones: Literature review and expert opinions
Authors: Yamashita Shimpei , Inoue Takaaki , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Hara Isao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTreatment of urolithiasis, a benign disease, requires high efficacy and safety. Endoscopic treatment of impacted ureteral stones remains a challenging procedure for urologists, despite recent remarkable advances in surgical technology in treatment of urolithiasis. The success rate of endoscopic treatment in patients with impacted stones is reported to be lower than that in patients with nonimpacted stones. Moreover, the presence of stone impaction is associated with high rates of intraoperative and postoperative complications. The best management for patients with impacted ureteral stones should therefore be devised based on the latest knowledge and techniques. The present review focuses on the preoperative prediction of stone impaction, the safest and most effective endoscopic surgical procedures, and the most appropriate management for postoperative ureteral strictures. We overview comprehensive endoscopic management for impacted ureteral stones based on literature review and expert opinions.
Probiotic and paraprobiotic derivates exhibit anti-inflammatory and genoprotective effects during induced stress
Authors: Kostelac Deni , Gerić Marko , Gajski Goran , Frece Jadranka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
The literature highlights the pathology of inflammation and its role in carcinogenesis, ageing and related diseases. Inflammatory processes induce oxidative stress and reduce antioxidant capacity. This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of probiotic bacteria isolated from fermented whey under conditions of induced stress.

Methods and Results
Functional antioxidant characterization of potential probiotic bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S1 was performed under different growth conditions (aerobic, respiratory and anaerobic) and under stress to find the conditions that yield the most effective cells. Since aerobic growth yielded the most potent cells, the free radical scavenging ability of live and heat-killed cells was measured before and after exposure to gastrointestinal conditions. For heat-killed cells and extracted probiotic metabolites, the reduction of DNA damage to immune cells was determined in the hydrogen peroxide exposure comet assay. The combination of inactivated cells and metabolites showed the best reduction in DNA damage. Finally, in the LPS inflammation model, the aforementioned probiotic metabolites significantly reduced Tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels in immune cells.

Conclusions
Whey-derived potential probiotic bacteria exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and based on this study, we propose a model combining inactivated cells and metabolites to reduce inflammatory and oxidative stress-related adverse effects.

Significance and Impact of Study
In this study, a new probiotic model is proposed for continuous use to reduce oxidative and inflammatory stress in the gut.
Could Bacillus biofilms enhance the effectivity of biocontrol strategies in the phyllosphere?
Authors: Fessia Aluminé , Barra Paula , Barros Germán , Nesci Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.), a major crop in Argentina and a staple food around the world, is affected by the emergence and re-emergence of foliar diseases. Agrochemicals are the main control strategy nowadays; however, they can cause resistance in insects and microbial pathogens and have negative effects on the environment and human health. An emerging alternative is the use of living organisms, i.e. microbial biocontrol agents, to suppress plant pathogen populations. This is a risk-free approach when the organisms acting as biocontrol agents come from the same ecosystem as the foliar pathogens they are meant to antagonize. Some epiphytic microorganisms may form biofilm by becoming aggregated and attached to a surface, as is the case of spore-forming bacteria from the genus Bacillus. Their ability to sporulate and their tolerance to long storage periods make them a frequently used biocontrol agent. Moreover, the biofilm that they create protects them against different abiotic and biotic factors and helps them to acquire nutrients, which ensures their survival on the plants they protect. This review analyzes the interactions that the phyllosphere-inhabiting Bacillus genus establishes with its environment through biofilm, and how this lifestyle could serve to design effective biological control strategies.
Exploring the shared experiences of people with stroke and caregivers in preparedness to manage post‐discharge care: A hermeneutic study
Authors: Chen Langduo , Xiao Lily Dongxia , Chamberlain Diane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the shared experiences of people with stroke and caregivers in preparedness to manage post‐discharge care.BackgroundPeople with stroke and caregivers show dyadic effects in dealing with post‐discharge care challenges. However, few studies have explored their shared experiences and unique challenges for each dyadic member in preparedness to manage post‐discharge care. This study addresses this research gap.DesignAn interpretive approach underpinned by Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with people with stroke and caregivers in 5 days before hospital discharge (n = 26) or 2 weeks after discharge (n = 4) between July and December 2019. The study followed a five‐step data analysis method aligning with Gadamerian hermeneutics. The study reporting followed the COREQ checklist.ResultsThree themes and six subthemes were identified. First, both people with stroke and caregivers experienced psychological stress, although the sources differed. Second, stroke dyads demonstrated resilience built on positive thoughts, confidence, and support from family and health professionals. Third, stroke dyads exhibited different levels of certainty about post‐discharge care. They desired to be equal partners in co‐developing and co‐implementing discharge plans.ConclusionsSimilarities and differences in perceived preparedness to manage post‐discharge care existed between stroke dyadic members. A co‐design approach to developing and implementing discharge plans would enhance planned post‐discharge care.ImpactHospital‐to‐home transition is a challenging time for people with stroke and their caregivers. Understanding the shared experiences of stroke dyads in preparedness for post‐discharge care enables nurses to take proactive actions to enhance managing post‐discharge care. Early identification of those at risk of developing psychological stress will enable nurses to co‐develop stress‐coping strategies. These will have a positive influence on the dyad when facing setbacks due to stroke‐related complications.
Spatio‐temporal evolution of the catuaba clade in the Neotropics: Morphological shifts correlate with habitat transitions
Authors: Calió Maria Fernanda , Thode Verônica A. , Bacon Christine D. , Silvestro Daniele , Antonelli Alexandre , Lohmann Lúcia G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe biotic assembly of one of the most species‐rich savannas, the Brazilian Cerrado, has involved recruitment of lineages from several surrounding regions. However, we lack a clear understanding about the timing and pathways of biotic exchanges among these regions and about the role those interchanges had in the assembly of Neotropical biodiversity. We investigated the timing and routes of species movements between wet or seasonally dry habitats across Neotropical regions and assessed the potential for ecological adaptation by evaluating the habitat transitions correlated with morphological shifts.LocationNeotropics.TaxonThe plant genus Anemopaegma (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae).MethodsWe inferred a Bayesian molecular phylogeny of Anemopaegma using one nuclear and two chloroplast markers. We sampled more than 90% of the known species diversity of Anemopaegma, covering its full geographical range. We estimated divergence times using a Bayesian relaxed‐clock approach and inferred ancestral ranges as well as shifts in habitat and morphological characters.ResultsPhylogenetic analyses recovered seven main clades within Anemopaegma. The genus likely originated in Amazonia in the late Oligocene. Early‐diverging lineages diversified in situ in Amazonia, particularly during the Miocene, with independent dispersal events to the Andes, Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. Shifts from seasonally dry forest to savanna habitats were correlated with shifts from liana to shrub and the loss of tendrils.Main ConclusionsThe timing of diversification of major lineages within Anemopaegma is consistent with major geological and climatic events that occurred during the late Palaeogene and Neogene, such as the Andean uplift and the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum. Movements across different regions within the Neotropics were relatively common but shifts between habitats were not. The correlation in the evolution of the shrubby habit, the loss of tendrils and the shifts from forest to savanna are consistent with a scenario of ecological adaptation.
Research Review: Do antibullying interventions reduce internalizing symptoms? A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression exploring intervention components, moderators, and mechanisms
Authors: Guzman‐Holst Carolina , Zaneva Mirela , Chessell Chloe , Creswell Cathy , Bowes Lucy 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundEffective antibullying interventions may reduce the impact of bullying on young people’s mental health. Nevertheless, little is known about their effectiveness in reducing internalizing symptoms such as anxiety or depression, and what factors may influence intervention effects. The aim of this systematic review, meta‐analysis, and metaregression is to assess the effects of school‐based antibullying interventions on children’s and adolescent’s internalizing symptoms. The secondary aims are to explore potential moderators, intervention components, and reductions in bullying as mediators of intervention effects on internalizing symptoms.MethodsWe searched nine databases: PsycINFO, Web of Science, ERIC, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library, and performed an author search of included studies in English from January 1983 to April 2021. We included studies that evaluated school‐based antibullying interventions using controlled designs and reporting on both bullying and internalizing outcomes. Random‐effects and metaregression models were used to derive Hedges g values with pooled 95% CIs as estimates of effect size and to test associations between moderator variables and effect size estimates. Path analysis was used to test potential mediation using effect size measures of victimization, perpetration, and internalizing outcomes. Quality and risk of bias were assessed using Cochrane collaboration tools.ResultsThis review included 22 studies with 58,091 participants in the meta‐analysis. Antibullying interventions had a very small effect in reducing overall internalizing symptoms (ES, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.0284 to 0.1005), anxiety (ES, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.011 to 0.158), and depression (ES, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.014 to 0.107) at postintervention. The reduction in internalizing symptoms did not vary significantly across geographic location, grade level, program duration, and intensity. The intervention component ‘working with peers’ was associated with a significant reduction, and ‘using CBT techniques’ was associated with a significant increase in internalizing outcomes. Bullying victimization and perpetration did not mediate the relationship between intervention condition and internalizing outcomes.ConclusionsAntibullying interventions have a small impact on reducing internalizing symptoms. Ongoing development of antibullying interventions should address how best to maximize their impact on internalizing symptoms to safeguard young people from the damaging mental health outcomes of bullying.