bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of vitamin D on sarcopenia pathophysiology: A longitudinal study in humans and basic research in knockout mice
Authors: Mizuno Takafumi , Hosoyama Tohru , Tomida Makiko , Yamamoto Yoko , Nakamichi Yuko , Kato Shigeaki , Kawai‐Takaishi Minako , Ishizuka Shinya , Nishita Yukiko , Tange Chikako , Shimokata Hiroshi , Imagama Shiro , Otsuka Rei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D is an essential nutrient in musculoskeletal function; however, its relationship to sarcopenia remains ambiguous, and the mechanisms and targets of vitamin D activity have not been elucidated. This study aimed to clarify the role of vitamin D in mature skeletal muscle and its relationship with sarcopenia.MethodsThis epidemiological study included 1653 community residents who participated in both the fifth and seventh waves of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Longitudinal Study of Aging and had complete background data. Participants were classified into two groups: vitamin D‐deficient (serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL) and non‐deficient (serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D ≥ 20 ng/mL); they underwent propensity‐score matching for background factors (age, sex, height, weight, comorbidities, smoker, alcohol intake, energy intake, vitamin D intake, steps, activity, season and sarcopenia). Changes in muscle strength and mass over the 4‐year period were compared. For basic analysis, we generated Myf6CreERT2 Vitamin D Receptor (VDR)‐floxed (VdrmcKO) mice with mature muscle fibre‐specific vitamin D receptor knockout, injected tamoxifen into 8‐week‐old mice and analysed various phenotypes at 16 weeks of age.ResultsGrip strength reduction was significantly greater in the deficient group (−1.55 ± 2.47 kg) than in the non‐deficient group (−1.13 ± 2.47 kg; P = 0.019). Appendicular skeletal muscle mass reduction did not differ significantly between deficient (−0.05 ± 0.79 kg) and non‐deficient (−0.01 ± 0.74 kg) groups (P = 0.423). The incidence of new cases of sarcopenia was significantly higher in the deficient group (15 vs. 5 cases; P = 0.039). Skeletal muscle phenotyping of VdrmcKO mice showed no significant differences in muscle weight, myofibre percentage or myofibre cross‐sectional area; however, both forelimb and four‐limb muscle strength were significantly lower in VdrmcKO mice (males: forelimb, P = 0.048; four‐limb, P = 0.029; females: forelimb, P < 0.001; four‐limb, P < 0.001). Expression profiling revealed a significant decrease in expression of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) 1 (P = 0.019) and SERCA2a (P = 0.049) genes in the VdrmcKO mice. In contrast, expression of non‐muscle SERCA2b and myoregulin genes showed no changes.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency affects muscle strength and may contribute to the onset of sarcopenia. Vitamin D‐VDR signalling has minimal influence on the regulation of muscle mass in mature myofibres but has a significant influence on muscle strength.
Feasibility and acceptability of advance care planning facilitated by nonphysician clinicians in Japanese primary care: Implementation pilot study
Authors: Mochizuki Takahiro , Yamashita Daisuke , Miura Chikako , Nakamura Masakazu , Izumi Shigeko (Seiko) 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundImplementation of advance care planning (ACP) is urgently needed in Japan, which is one of the most aging countries. This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of ACP facilitated by nonphysician clinicians, and identified barriers and enablers to implementing ACP into Japanese primary care.MethodsWe trained 10 nonphysician clinicians (seven registered nurses, two medical social workers, and one care manager) in four primary care clinics as ACP facilitators. From April to June 2019, the trained facilitators had 19 ACP conversations with their patients. We conducted semistructured interviews and surveys regarding satisfaction and appropriateness of the ACP with patients, family members, ACP facilitators, and primary care physicians (PCPs) regarding their perceptions about ACP facilitated by nonphysician clinicians. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and interviews were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach.ResultsMajority of patients (75%) and family members (71%) were satisfied with ACP facilitated by nonphysician clinicians. In 71%, ACP facilitators and PCPs thought their ACP facilitation was appropriate and acceptable. Patients stated that they felt comfortable having ACP conversations with nonphysician clinicians. Identified barriers and enablers for ACP included: time restraints, size and organization of the clinics, settings for ACP conversations (ACP at the patient's home), team collaboration, and use of existing system to trigger ACP.ConclusionsAdvance care planning facilitated by nonphysician clinicians was feasible and acceptable in Japanese primary care. Further studies are needed to explore strategies to overcome the barriers and enhance the enablers identified in this study.
Hepatic vein anatomy related to Laennec's capsule for liver resection
Authors: Monden Kazuteru , Ohno Kyotaro , Hayashi Shogo , Sadamori Hiroshi , Sugioka Atsushi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLaennec's capsule is the proper membrane covering the entire surface of the liver parenchyma, including around the Glissonean pedicles and hepatic veins. Laennec's capsule around the hepatic veins has been clinically reported to comprise two layers: the hepatic and cardiac Laennec's capsules. However, where the cardiac Laennec's capsule is derived from and the two capsules' separability are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anatomy of the two capsules using cadaveric specimens.MethodsHistopathological examinations of autopsy specimens from four cadavers were conducted. Each specimen was sliced in the longitudinal section to include the pericardium, right hepatic vein (RHV), and inferior vena cava (IVC). Additionally, long‐axis specimens of the RHV were obtained to determine the separability of the capsules and to examine the extent to which the capsules extended along the RHV. Laennec's capsule was estimated using elastic fiber staining.ResultsThe cardiac Laennec's capsule is derived from the pericardium (parietal and visceral) and diaphragm and runs parallel with the IVC and hepatic veins associated with the hepatic Laennec's capsule. The two capsules were separable micro‐ and macroscopically. The hepatic Laennec's capsule was observed from the root to the peripheral side and the cardiac Laennec's capsule from the root to the middle side of the hepatic vein.ConclusionsThe existence of the two layers of Laennec's capsule around the hepatic veins was confirmed histologically and they were separable. Identification and decollement of these layers would contribute to establishing safe and feasible anatomic liver resection techniques.
Hydrogen‐rich water alleviates chilling injury‐induced lignification of kiwifruit by inhibiting peroxidase activity and improving antioxidant system
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zha Zhuping , Chen Shuqi , Tang Rui , Zhao Yaoyao , Lin Qiong , Duan Yuquan , Wang Ke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDKiwifruit is prone to chilling stress and displays chilling injury (CI) such as lignification; however, the underlying physicochemical mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, the changes in levels of quality attributes, lignin biosynthesis, antioxidant system and sugars were compared in kiwifruit between control and hydrogen‐rich water (HRW) treatments during cold storage for 90 days at 0 °C.RESULTSThe results reveal that HRW is an effective measure for CI alleviation, as indicated by the decrease in lignification level with repressed peroxidase activity but enhanced polyphenol oxidase activity. The amelioration of membrane peroxidation was suggested by the repressed levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde. They were accompanied by the improvement of antioxidant system, which is supported by the enhancement of sugars including fructose and glucose.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, HRW can enhance chilling tolerance, as suggested by the alleviation of lignification through inhibiting peroxidase activity and elevating the antioxidant system to attenuate membrane peroxidation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bioassay‐guided separation and identification of the anticancer composition from Curcuma longa L. by the combination strategy of methanol gradient countercurrent chromatography and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Lanjie , Yu Yao , Lu Dini , Chen Jiangxian , Guo Jinxing , Liang Junling , Zhang Anling , Yang Zhi 
Published: October 2022

In this study, a combined strategy with methanol gradient countercurrent chromatography and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry was introduced for the fractionation and identification of active constituents from Curcuma longa L. The gradient countercurrent chromatography separation was performed using the heptane‐ethyl acetate‐methanol‐water (5:5:2:8, v/v) solvent system, in which the lower phase and methanol were used as the mobile phases. Constituents of turmeric with large partition coefficients were well resolved. Subsequent cytotoxicity analysis showed that the fractions 10, 11, 12, and 15 expressed significantly higher cytotoxicity against B16 mouse melanoma than the other fractions. Four compounds with potent activity, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin from fraction 11 and galanal A from fraction 15, were purified, and the half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations were 18.5 ± 1.3, 7.8 ± 0.4, 20.4 ± 1.3, and 14.1 ± 0.8 μM, respectively. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry was then applied for compound identification from fraction 10 with constituents in very low content. A total of 14 diarylheptanoids were identified, which are supposed to be cytotoxic constituents. It proved that the strategy based on the combination of bioassay‐guided methanol gradient countercurrent chromatography separation and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry‐assisted peak identification could be an efficient method for natural product screening and new drug discovery.
Shifts in soil prokaryotic and microeukaryotic communities following a translocation of wet meadows to derelict land
Authors: Chmolowska Dominika , Chroňáková Alica , Bahram Mohammad , Zubek Szymon , Tedersoo Leho 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman exploitation of natural resources dictates the need for the sustainable use of lands already in use. To combine the conservation of meadows with land recycling, 13,000 m2 of turf were translocated from a built‐up area to an abandoned quarry. Three Molinion meadows were monitored for three seasons—before the translocation and for two years afterwards. The composition of the main groups of microorganisms—bacteria, archaea, fungi, microfauna, and unicellular algae—was examined to check the stability of soil ecosystem. After observing changes in the ratio of ammonia to nitrate in the translocated turf, the bacterial and archaeal ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) copy numbers were quantified. Following the translocation, the α‐diversity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes remained usually similar. The structure of the microbial communities has changed: relative abundance of Acidobacteria (Acidobacteriota) and Mortierellomycota increased, along with fungal saprotrophs, while several other phyla decreased. The number of bacterial amoA gene copies has risen 7‐fold in two years. The slight acidification of the soil had an influence; however, the presumed turf aeration and moisture drop initially impacted the soil communities. In conclusion, turf block translocation preserves diversity. However, cutting turf for transportation followed by dryer conditions at the receptor location lead to a functional switch in microbial communities. Increased activities of ammonia oxidisers and saprotrophs proceeded to nitrification and humus degradation, which may indicate degradation of soil. When translocating wet meadows, it is crucial to ensure the hydrological regime at receptor sites to support long‐term success.
In situ detection of spices with medicinal value based on laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Zhou Wentao , Wan Enlai , Tian Dongpeng , Liu Yuzhu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is important to detect and distinguish different spices because spices are widely used around the world. In this study, wormwood, artemisia annua, lemongrass and clove are taken as examples. First, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is applied to detect and analyze the ash of different spice samples in situ. In the spectra of the ash of different samples, some characteristic lines of metal elements are observed, such as Ca, Na, Mg, K, and so on. By comparing the spectra of the ash, the relative intensities of the characteristic peaks are different, which can be employed to identify and distinguish different spice samples. Then, using LIBS combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and error back propagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN), the model of classification is established to distinguish different spices. In PCA, the dimension of the spectra of the ash is reduced, and the cumulative contribution rate of the first two PCs exceeds 90%. The samples after dimension reduction by PCA are classified by BP‐ANN, and the recognition rate can reach 100%. After 10 cross‐verifications, the final recognition accuracy can reach 85.25%. All of the results show the model of classification has the potential in the field of identification and distinction of different spices.
Knowledge Management in anInformation‐ResilientSociety
Authors: An Lu , Allen Jeff , Hofman Darra , Freeburg Darin , Islam Md Anwarul , Khader Malak 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe speed of change is increasing at a dynamic pace particularly in the field of information science. While the speed of change is not a variable that can be manipulated, we can begin to harness knowledge management processes and theories to better embrace change and build an information‐resilient society to recover from the damage caused by public crises. The panelists discuss the challenges that the society is facing during a public crisis and the KM needs in the crisis scenarios. Then interact with the audiences to share their thoughts and explore possible knowledge management strategies in an information‐resilient society.
Exploiting Interdisciplinary Research Design for Temporally Complex Big Data: Discussion of aCase‐StudyUsing on Heterogenous Bibliographic Big Data
Authors: Mabry Patricia L. , Martinson Brian , Valente Thomas , Liu Xiaozhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) methods are valued for their ability to predict outcomes from dynamically complex data. Despite this virtue, AI is widely criticized as a “black box” i.e., lacking mechanistic explanations to accompany predictions. We introduce a novel interdisciplinary approach that balances the predictive power of data‐driven methods with theory‐driven explanatory power by presenting a shared use case from four disciplinary perspectives. The use case examines scientific career trajectories through temporally complex, heterogeneous bibliographic big data. Topics addressed include: data representation in complex problems, trade‐offs between theoretical, hypothesis‐driven, and data‐driven approaches, AI trustworthiness, model fairness, algorithm explainability and AI adoption/usability. Panelists and audience members will be prompted to discuss the value of approach presented versus other ways to address the challenges raised by the panel, and to consider their limitations and remaining challenges.
Turning Filter Bubbles into Bubblesphere with Multi‐Viewpoint KOS and Diverse Similarity
Authors: Zhitomirsky‐Geffet Maayan 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe filter bubble phenomenon and its negative societal effects have been extensively explored in the literature in the past decade. However, the ability of modern AI‐based systems to create personalized information bubbles, that is, to classify similar contents and users into clusters according to their interests and behavior, can actually be quite beneficial if utilized and managed properly and ethically. In this article we present ongoing research that aims to refine such bubble‐building smart systems by adopting an ethical, multi‐perspective approach that allows for linking isolated bubbles into a consolidated bubblesphere and offering users a choice to explore diverse bubbles related to their topics of interest. To implement the proposed approach, content matching should be based on diverse similarity, which can be derived from a multi‐viewpoint KOS. In addition, the study explores how such a multi‐viewpoint KOS and bubblesphere can be constructed using Wikidata's ranks and qualifiers.
Engagement for Good or Ill: Comparing Characteristics of Co‐Creative and Co‐Destructive Online Communities
Authors: Chen Yimin , Cornwell Sarah, E. , Delellis Nicole, S. , Kelly Dominique , Liu Yifan , Mayhew Alex , Rubin Victoria, L. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTHighly engaged online communities can be characterized in terms of level of user activity and the valence of those activities. Positively‐valenced communities engage in co‐construction through supportive, uplifting interactions, while negatively‐valenced communities engage in co‐destruction through shared animosity towards outside individuals and groups. Both types of engagement offer prosocial benefits to community members, but this benefit is achieved through antisocial means in co‐destructive communities. This study examines the features of one positively‐valenced and one negatively‐valenced subreddit community to determine if the same engagement factors drive participation in each, and whether these factors may be influenced to promote positive, rather than negative engagement.
Student Internships in the Time of Crisis: How IT Companies Cope with New Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Jakopec Tomislav , Aparac Jelušić Tatjana , Szombathelyi Donata 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThis poster presents findings from a small‐scale study which investigated student internship (hybrid and virtual) during the COVID‐19 lockdown. The study was conducted in 18 Croatian IT companies using semi‐structured interviews. The study tried to answer the following research questions: RQ1: How did local IT companies organise student internships during COVID‐19 lockdown; RQ2: What are advantages and disadvantages of online student internship. The study was conducted within the framework of Erasmus + project DECriS (Digital Education for Crisis Situations: Times When There is No Alternative, 2021–2023). Results of this study showed that the advantages of virtual internships are flexibility, saving time, the possibility for the interns to dedicate themselves to their private and academic obligations, comfort, easier work organization, the possibility of self‐organization and reduced risk of COVID‐19 infection. However, other respondents indicated the following negative sides of virtual internship: the lack of communication among students and mentors, students' lack of opportunity to learn about organizational, business and ultimately the human side of the company.
Envisioning Ethical Mass Influence Systems
Authors: Mayhew Alex , Chen Yimin , Cornwell Sarah E. , Delellis Nicole, S. , Kelly Dominique , Liu Yifan , Rubin Victoria, L. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThis work envisions the possibility of ethical Mass Influence Systems (MISs). Modern algorithmic MISs, like Facebook and YouTube, have seen a link between the systems design for profit maximization and the increased radicalization of users (Wu, 2017). Using a Goals analysis grounded in philosophy (Falcon, 2022; Lipton, 1990; Bostrom, 2014), we will contrast the goals of existing algorithmic MISs with the goals of a future ethical algorithmic MIS. With the philosophical guidance of the Moral Parliament (Newberry & Ord, 2021) and the Moral Landscape (Janoff‐Bulman & Carnes, 2013), we elaborate on a set of goals and mechanisms for promoting human flourishing via ethical MISs.
Visual Semantics of Memes: (Re)Interpreting Memetic Content and Form for Information Studies
Authors: Smith Alexander O. , Tacheva Jasmina , Hemsley Jeff 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTHere we attempt to contextualize memetics for Information Studies by reinterpreting Internet Memetics. In doing so, we propose a way to empirically study semantics of informational content. This is done by collecting images from meme entries on KnowYourMeme, a digital meme repository, and clustering features found in those images. The features are found using Google Cloud Vision, Google's computer vision project. We suggest how informational meaning (semantics) is shaped between similarity (operating as the idea of the meme) and difference (features in the image). Early results show that memetic ideas may be referenced as the shape of information across image collections.
Importance measures for performance shaping factors of human reliability analysis
Authors: de Albuquerque Tob R. , Oliva José de Jesús R. , Saldanha Pedro L. C. , Garcia Pauli Adriano A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe crew of a nuclear‐powered submarine under development in Brasil plays an important role in its safety. For this reason, crew members must be trained in procedures against undesired events. However, information that would help to accurately decrease human error probability (HEP) on board nuclear‐powered submarines is not available in the literature. Therefore, a methodology is required to obtain this information. This study introduces importance measures to evaluate the contribution of performance shaping factors (PSFs) and their levels to HEP. Importance measures Fussell‐Vesely, risk reduction worth, risk achievement worth, and Birnbaum importance, commonly used in probabilistic safety assessment, are introduced to identify PSFs and PSF levels that contribute the most to HEP. The proposed approach is focused on identifying HEP's main contributors, oriented toward decision‐making. The methodology uses the PSFs established in the Standardized Plant Analysis Risk‐Human Reliability Analysis method and a Bayesian network to quantify HEP. Moreover, the results of an application case demonstrate the method's effectiveness in integrating expert opinions into representative values of HEP and in identifying critical PSFs and PSF levels that should be the object of the decision‐making process to improve human performance.