bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Home Parenteral Nutrition for Incurable Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients
Authors: Li Wenqian , Guo Hanfei , Li Lingyu , Cui Jiuwei 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAppropriate nutritional support, including supplemental home parenteral nutrition (sHPN), may improve prognosis and quality of life (Qol) of malnourished cancer patients. We aimed to explore the cost-effectiveness of sHPN for incurable gastrointestinal cancer patients from the Chinese healthcare perspective.MethodClinical data were extracted from a randomized controlled trial (NCT02066363). Patients were randomized into the sHPN group or the non-sHPN group (receiving best practice nutritional care). A Markov model was established with a 6-week cycle length. Costs were acquired from local hospitals, effect parameters included quality-adjusted life year (QALY), Qol, body mass index, fat-free mass (FFM), FFM index, handgrip strength, and a 6-min walking test. Sensitivity analyses were conducted with a willingness-to-pay (WTP) set at 3 per capita gross domestic product ($29,307/QALY).ResultsWhen considering QALY as a utility, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was $24,289.17, with an incremental cost of $2,051.18 and an incremental QALY of 0.0844 between the sHPN group and the non-sHPN group. Furthermore, we explored the cost-effectiveness of sHPN from multidimensions, where we analyzed various effect parameters at different visits; the results showed a superior benefit for patients in the sHPN group except for the handgrip parameter at visit 2. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the influence of utilities in the sHPN group, but the sHPN group was still cost-effective with a WTP of $2,500/QALY.ConclusionIn China, sHPN was cost-effective for patients with incurable gastrointestinal cancer, which suggested further applications in clinical practice and provided references for clinical decisions and pricing.
Prognostic Value of Aspartate Transaminase/Alanine Transaminase Ratio in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Hepatectomy
Authors: Mo Qiuyan , Liu Yingchun , Zhou Zihan , Li Runwei , Gong Wenfeng , Xiang Bangde , Tang Weizhong , Yu Hongping 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (De Ritis) ratio is a good predictor of liver function damage, but its prognostic value in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing hepatectomy remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the association of the De Ritis ratio with overall survival (OS) among hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy.MethodsA total of 1,147 HCC patients were recruited. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to evaluate the association between the De Ritis ratio and mortality risk. Nomogram was constructed to determine the predictive power of the De Ritis ratio.ResultsMultivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the tertile of the De Ritis ratio was an independent risk factor for mortality. After adjustment for confounding factors, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% CIs of mortality for the 2nd tertile and 3rd tertile were 1.175 (0.889–1.554) and 1.567 (1.199–2.046), respectively. RCS confirmed a non-linear association between the natural logarithm of the De Ritis ratio and the risk of mortality (p for non-linearity = 0.0375). The nomogram showed that the natural logarithm of the De Ritis ratio contributed the most to the prediction of prognosis in HBV-related HCC patients, and Harrell’s C-index was 0.680 with a 95% CI of 0.645–0.715.ConclusionThe De Ritis ratio is an independent predictor for OS in HBV-related HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy, which allows for prognostic stratification of patients, hence, individualized treatment and follow-up.
Case Report: Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma Invasion of Extranodal Thyroid Tissue Mimicking Tuberculosis and Confounded by Similar Ultrasonic Appearance
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Menghan , Ni Chen , Tong Jiahui , Chen Peijun , Zhang Ying , Yang Gaoyi 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPrimary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a rare type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which has significant features that overlap with those of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ultrasound is a commonly used modality to characterize superficial lymph no5des, and ultrasonic findings are often used to distinguish lymphoma from lymph node tuberculosis in daily clinical practice. Although a common malignancy, lymphoma rarely involves extranodal tissues.Case PresentationHere we report the case of a 42-year-old Chinese male patient with PMBCL who was misdiagnosed with tuberculosis because of extranodal invasion. He visited our hospital for a neck mass that he had been noting for 1 week. Ultrasound revealed multiple enlarged lymph nodes on both sides of the neck. The lesions appeared to involve the surrounding soft tissue and thyroid gland, resembling a tuberculous sinus tract formation. Cervical spine computed tomography showed no obvious abnormalities in the cervical cone or bone damage. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound indicated that one of the enlarged lymph nodes in the right neck was rich in blood supply and exhibited centripetal enhancement, with uniform high enhancement at the peak. The patient underwent two ultrasound-guided punctures; the first puncture was performed for an enlarged lymph node in the right neck at Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital. Hodgkin’s lymphoma was suspected based on pathological and immunohistochemical findings, whereas a rare type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was suspected at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital.ConclusionsLymphoma is often misdiagnosed, causing delayed treatment initiation and affecting patient outcomes as the disease progresses. The present case demonstrates that the ultrasonic appearance of lymphoma may sometimes be confused with that of tuberculosis. Although ultrasound-guided needle biopsy has a high diagnostic accuracy, it may also cause diagnostic deviation because of insufficient sampling volume. Moreover, owing to the enlargement of multiple lymph nodes due to lymphoma or lymph node tuberculosis, puncturing different lymph nodes may provide different results.
Critical Reflections on Reimbursement and Access of Advanced Therapies
Authors: Simoens Steven , De Groote Katrien , Boersma Cornelis 
Published: May 2022

Background: The health economic literature has questioned the cost-effectiveness and affordability of advanced therapies, proposed adjustments to value assessment frameworks, and discussed the use of outcome-based managed entry agreements and staggered payments in the last few years. The aim of this manuscript is to conduct a critical reflection on assessment criteria and access conditions for reimbursement of advanced therapies.Methods: A narrative review of the peer-reviewed literature and grey literature was conducted in April 2021 by searching PubMed; Google Scholar; policy and legislative documents; websites of health technology assessment agencies, advanced therapy organisations, governmental advanced therapy innovation programmes, consultancy agencies; ISPOR conference abstracts and presentations.Results: Based on the available evidence, this manuscript argues that: a) advanced therapies can be cost-effective at high prices set by manufacturers; b) the economic evaluation framework adopted by many payers under-values these products; c) advanced therapies can be affordable and may not require spread payments; d) outcome-based managed entry agreements are theoretically attractive, but challenging in practice; e) the cost-effectiveness of advanced therapies depends on the outcome-based managed entry agreement and payment approach; f) there is a role for multinational collaborations to manage reimbursement and access of advanced therapies.Conclusions: This manuscript shows that there is no single approach to reimbursement and access of advanced therapies. Instead, we support a more tailored assessment of health economic aspects of advanced therapies, which considers the heterogeneity of these products and their target populations.
An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Herbal Medicine for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Jun Hyejin , Ko Seok-Jae , Kim Keumji , Kim Jinsung , Park Jae-Woo 
Published: May 2022

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder with abdominal pain and bowel habits changes. Herbal medicines (HMs) are frequently used in the treatment of IBS. Therefore, several systematic reviews (SRs) have been conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of HM in IBS patients. This study aimed to investigate the methodology and quality of evidence of SRs, and to describe the current state of research and evidence for the treatment of IBS with HM.Methods: SRs published up to January 2022 were searched using six electronic databases. SRs and/or meta-analyses on the use of HMs for IBS were included. The effects of placebo, conventional medicine (CM), and probiotics were compared with those of HMs. Two investigators independently extracted the data and assessed methodological quality using the Measure Tool to Assessment System Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2). Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the quality of evidence for each main finding.Results: Eighteen SRs were included in this overview. Among them, eight SRs reported only specific subtypes of IBS: six SRs reported patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS, and two SRs reported patients with constipation-predominant IBS. In terms of total efficacy, HM was more effective than placebo, CM, or probiotics. HM showed a more significant effect than CM in relieving independent IBS symptom score (abdominal pain score, diarrhea score, abdominal distension score, stool frequency score, etc.) and recurrence rate. The rate of adverse events was significantly lower with HM compared to CM, and no serious adverse events were reported with HM treatment. According to AMSTAR 2, the methodological quality of the included SRs was extremely low. Furthermore, the quality of evidence for total efficacy was considered low or very low according to the GRADE tool.Conclusion: HM can be considered as an effective and safe treatment for IBS. However, the methodological quality of the included SRs and the quality of evidence was generally low. Therefore, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed in the future so that a high-quality SR can be used to better assess the safety and efficacy of HM in the treatment of IBS.Systematic Review Registration:https://osf.io/nt6wz, identifier 10.17605/OSF.IO/NT6WZ.
The Psychopathology of Worthlessness in Depression
Authors: Harrison Phillippa , Lawrence Andrew J. , Wang Shu , Liu Sixun , Xie Guangrong , Yang Xinhua , Zahn Roland 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDespite common dissatisfaction with the syndromic heterogeneity of major depression, investigations into its symptom structure are scarce. Self-worthlessness/inadequacy is a distinctive and consistent symptom of major depression across cultures.AimsWe investigated whether self-worthlessness is associated with self-blaming attribution-related symptoms or is instead an expression of reduced positive feelings overall, as would be implied by reduced positive affect accounts of depression.Methods44,161 undergraduate students in Study 1, and 215 patients with current Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 237 age-matched healthy control participants in Study 2 completed the well-validated Symptom Check List-90. Depression-relevant items were used to construct regularized partial correlation networks with bootstrap estimates of network parameter variability.ResultsWorthlessness co-occurred more strongly with other symptoms linked to self-blaming attributions (hopelessness, and self-blame), displaying a combined edge weight with these symptoms which was significantly stronger than the edge weight representing its connection with reduced positive emotion symptoms (such as reduced pleasure/interest/motivation, difference in edge weight sum in Study 1 = 2.95, in Study 2 = 1.64; 95% confidence intervals: Study 1: 2.6–3.4; Study 2: 0.02–3.5; Bonferroni-corrected p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsThis confirms the prediction of the revised learned helplessness model that worthlessness is most strongly linked to hopelessness and self-blame. In contrast, we did not find a strong and direct link between anhedonia items and a reduction in self-worth in either study. This supports worthlessness as a primary symptom rather than resulting from reduced positive affect.
Evaluation of Whether Emergency Physicians Should Join the Multidisciplinary Team for Older Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Guan Lan , Wang Cong , Zhao Bin , Yang Minghui , Zhu Shiwen , Wu Xinbao 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundGeriatric hip fracture is one of the most common end-stage events in older patients with osteoporosis. We aimed to improve the original co-management process by engaging emergency physicians in the preoperative multidisciplinary management team (MDT). We evaluated this intervention in terms of reducing patient waiting time before surgery.MethodsEmergency Department data and hospitalization data for patients diagnosed with geriatric hip fractures in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital (JSTH) were collected and sorted into the intervention group, for whom the MDT included emergency physicians (from January 2019 to December 2019), and the control group (from January 2017 to December 2017). The percentage of patients treated with surgery within 48 h of admission was used as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included the time from emergency visit to admission (hours), the time from admission to discharge (days), the percentage of patients receiving surgical treatment after admission, the rate of perioperative medical complications during hospitalization, postoperative admission to the Intensive Care Unit, and total deaths during hospitalization.ResultsA total of 2,152 patients were enrolled. The rate of hypertension (58.5% vs 52.1%), coronary heart disease (24.6% vs 19.9%), and cerebrovascular disease (19.4% vs 15.5%) was higher in the intervention group than in the control group. The percentage of patients receiving surgical treatment in the intervention group (98.3%) was significantly higher than in the control group (96.3%, p = 0.004). The proportion of patients receiving surgical treatment within 48 h of admission was significantly higher in the intervention group (82.4%) than in the control group (60.4%, p &lt; 0.001). The hospital stay was significantly shorter in the intervention group compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.001). The incidence of perioperative medical complications and mortality during hospitalization was similar in the two groups.ConclusionsInvolving emergency physicians in the MDT can reduce the waiting time before surgery and the hospital stay for older hip fracture patients.
Development of Total Lymphoid Irradiation (TLI)-Dedicated Shielding and Image-Guided System and Dose Evaluation Using 3D-Printed Rat Phantom
Authors: Choi Dong Hyeok , Ahn So Hyun , Park Kwangwoo , Choi Sang Hyun , Kim Jin Sung 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to propose a technique for delivering accurate doses in an image-guided system by developing an experimental setup optimized for total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) in rat lung transplantation.Materials and MethodsIn this study, a position-controlled shielding system was developed, and the dose was quantitatively evaluated using a 3D rat phantom and Gafchromic EBT3 film. In addition, we made our own image-guided system that allows the position of the rat and the shielding system to be confirmed during TLI.ResultsAs a result of using the position-controlled shielding system, it was found that the doses to the head and lungs were reduced by 93.1 and 87.4%, respectively, of the prescribed doses. In addition, it was shown that the position of the shielding system can be easily confirmed by using the image guidance system.ConclusionA shielding apparatus that can control dose delivery according to the size of the rat can optimize the dose for TLI in rat lung transplantation.
Estimating the Subsurface Thermal Conductivity and Its Uncertainty for Shallow Geothermal Energy Use—A Workflow and Geoportal Based on Publicly Available Data
Authors: Heim Elisa , Laska Marius , Becker Ralf , Klitzsch Norbert 
Published: May 2022

Ground-source heat pumps with borehole heat exchangers (BHE) are an efficient and sustainable option to heat and cool buildings. The design and performance of BHEs strongly depend on the thermal conductivity of the subsurface. Thus, the first step in BHE planning is often assisted by a map representing the thermal conductivity of a region created from existing data. Such estimates have high uncertainty, which is rarely quantified. In addition, different methods for estimating thermal conductivity are used, for example, by the German federal states, resulting in incomparable estimates. To enable a consistent thermal conductivity estimation across state or country borders, we present a workflow for automatically estimating the thermal conductivity and its uncertainty up to user-defined BHE lengths. Two methods, which assess the thermal conductivity on different scales, are developed. Both methods are (1) based on subsurface data types which are publicly available as open-web services, and (2) account for thermal conductivity uncertainty by estimating its lowest, mean, and maximum values. The first method uses raster data, e.g., of surface geology and depth to groundwater table, and provides a large-scale estimate of the thermal conductivity, with high uncertainty. The second method improves the estimation for a small, user-defined target area by calculating the thermal conductivity based on the available borehole data in that area. The presented approach’s novelty is a web-based geodata infrastructure that seamlessly connects data provision and calculation processes, with a geoportal as its central user interface. To demonstrate the approach, we use data from the federal state of Hamburg and compare the results of two target areas with the thermal conductivity estimation by the Geological Survey of Hamburg. Depending on the selected region, differences between the two estimates can be considerable (up to 1.2 W m−1 K−1). The differences are primarily due to the selection of the thermal property database and the consideration of wet and dry rock. The results emphasize the importance of considering and communicating uncertainty in geothermal potential estimates.
ABA-THERAPY AS A MEANS OF INCREASING EDUCATIONAL MOTIVATION IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: Ваниева В. Ю. , Титаренко А. В. 
Published: May 2022

Статья посвящена вопросам обучения детей с расстройством аутистического спектра (РАС), прежде всего формированию базового образования - учебной мотивации. Авторами раскрываются методические и содержательные аспекты прикладного анализа поведения или АВА (Applied behavior analysis), использованного в работе с младшими школьниками с РАС в инклюзивном классе общеобразовательной школы. Рассмотренные в статье некоторые приемы прикладного анализа поведения могут быть полезны специалистам и родителям в качестве коррекционного инструмента в процессе обучения и воспитания ребенка с РАС.
Applied behavior analysis is successfully used in teaching children, including those with communication, behavior and emotional-volitional problems. The article describes the pedagogical experience of the formation of motivation for the educational activity of primary schoolchildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in an inclusive class. Motivation is the basis for the formation of all social skills, therefore, a lot of attention should be paid to its formation. Some of the methods of applied behavior analysis considered in the article teach how to capture and maintain a child’s motivation in structured teaching sessions and during everyday activities. Motivating an individual to learn is an essential ingredient for those looking to teach skills to children with autism. Presumably, this may be of interest to parents of children and professionals wishing to use PAP elements in their work
PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE FORMATION OF THE LEGAL CULTURE OF STUDENTS IN THE MODERN CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Туркаева Л. В. 
Published: May 2022

В современных условиях цифровизации отечественного профессионального образования проблема правового воспитания подрастающего поколения приобретает острую актуальность, поскольку первостепенной задачей образовательных учреждений, в частности вузов, является укрепление правосознания и формирование правовой культуры граждан в лице студентов. Правовое образование личности выступает одним из ключевых аспектов в постановке данного вопроса, требующего от современного педагога готовности к выполнению такого рода многофункциональной деятельности. Рассматривая проблему правовой культуры с профессиональной точки зрения, складывается мнение о том, что на сегодняшний день структуре правовой модели воспитания молодежи в цифровой образовательной среде не уделяется должного педагогического внимания. Организация аудиторной работы в вузах построена по классической методике преподавания, далеко не способная достичь желаемого результата - формирование высшей степени правовой культуры подрастающего поколения.
In modern conditions of digitalization of domestic vocational education, the problem of legal education of the younger generation is becoming acute, since the primary task of educational institutions, in particular universities, is to strengthen the legal awareness and the formation of a legal culture of citizens represented by students. L’éducation juridique de l’individu est l’un des aspects clés de la formulation de cette question, ce qui nécessite que l’enseignant moderne soit prêt à effectuer ce type d’activité multifonctionnelle. En examinant le problème de la culture juridique d’un point de vue professionnel, il semble qu’à ce jour, la structure du modèle juridique de l’éducation des jeunes dans l’environnement éducatif numérique n’a pas reçu l’attention pédagogique appropriée. The organization of classroom work in universities is built according to the classical teaching methodology, which is far from being able to achieve the desired result - the formation of the highest degree of legal culture of the younger generation.
Enhancement of spin diffusion length in tunneling junctions by benzene ring insertion into the saturated alkyl sulfonic acid
Authors: Shi Xurong , Chen Fenghua , Wang Shen , Shi Yujun , Su Xingliang , Zhou Haitao , Jiao Hujun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We fabricated Fe3O4/alkyl-sulfonic acid and Fe3O4/alkyl-benzene sulfonic molecules hybrid nanoparticles using self-assembled monolayers to investigate the impact of benzene ring insertion on the spin tunneling through molecules. The results showed that benzene ring insertion decreased the tunnel barrier height, slightly tuned the magnetoresistance values, and enhanced the intramolecular spin diffusion length by ∼1.5 times. We proposed an extended model to explore the interfacial magnetic properties. The fitting results indicated that benzene ring insertion changed the magnetic properties of the shell layer. This work first demonstrated that benzene ring insertion enhanced the intramolecular spin diffusion length during the tunneling process.