bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach in Understanding the Role of Water in Oxidation and Upgrading Reactions during In-Situ Combustion Oil Recovery, Part B: Interpretations
Authors: Fassihi M. Reza , Alamatsaz A. , Moore R. G. , Mehta S. A. (Raj) , Ursenbach M. G. , Mallory D. , Pereira Almao P. , Gupta S. C. , Chhina H. S. 
Published: October 2022

Summary
To understand the role of connate water as a source of hydrogen in oxidation and upgrading of bituminous oil at high temperature, heavy water (D2O) and O-18 enriched water (H2O18) were used as connate water in two different in-situ combustion experiments using a conical tube. Aside from a fundamental understanding of the role of such reactions in in-situ combustion, the results could also potentially help in optimizing in-situ hydrogen generation and upgrading of heavy and bituminous oil. The conical tube had previously been used for understanding the impact of air flux in sustaining the combustion front (please see Alamatsaz et al. 2011Alamatsaz et al. 2012,2). Significant upgrading was observed in these tests with a produced API gravity of 35 °API compared to the original bitumen gravity of 9 °API.
The produced fluids (gases and water) were analyzed with a mass spectrometer to demonstrate the effectiveness of using D2O and H2O18 as tracers in bitumen upgrading reactions and specifically to determine whether the H2O18 would be more effective than D2O in understanding the role of connate water.
It was found that heavy water exchanges too readily with hydrogen atoms in the bitumen when the two are mixed. As a result, it could not be reliably used as an indicator for identifying the role of water. The run with O-18 enriched water, however, provided a better indication of water participation in the oxidation reactions.
The results obtained from the mass spectrometry analysis of evolved gases and water samples collected in the second test showed that water does split during the reaction and O atoms of indigenous water molecules do combine with C atoms (from the hydrocarbon) to form CO2. These findings open the path for mechanistic considerations around the processes taking place during in-situ combustion and in-situ upgrading reactions.
Impact of Financial Assumptions on Economic Viability of Incremental Projects
Authors: Mian M. A. 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Commerciality assessment and reserves booking is an important task, routinely performed by every oil and gas company. The task is performed based on the guidelines presented in the Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS). The PRMS, revised in 2018, is a system developed for consistent and reliable definition, classification, and estimation of hydrocarbon resources. The document was prepared by the Oil and Gas Reserves Committee under the auspices of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. The PRMS has been broadly adopted by the oil and gas industry as an international standard reference for the classification and categorization of oil and gas reserves and resources.
The objective of this paper is to reiterate the well-known knowledge regarding the economic viability, economic limit, sunk cost, depreciation, incremental project vs. entity’s economics, economic contingency, and technical contingency in a simple, unambiguous, and concise manner. The paper emphasizes using only discounted cash flows in all economic evaluations whether it is for reserves booking or investment decision-making. It is unfortunate that this well-known knowledge is incorrectly described and used in the industry for commerciality assessment of oil and gas resources and investment decision-making.
The paper also shows that some of the financial assumptions and definitions such as financing at the incremental project level, properly accounting for sunk cost, and treatment of income tax when an entity has positive taxable income, if applied correctly, can greatly and legally enhance the chances of commerciality and reserves booking.
Controllable mitochondrial aggregation and fusion by a programmable DNA binder
Authors: Zhu Longyi , Shen Yiting , Deng Shengyuan , Wan Ying , Luo Jun , Su Yan , You Mingxu , Fan Chunhai , Ren Kewei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
DNA nanodevices have been feasibly applied for various chemo-biological applications, but their functions as precise regulators of intracellular organelles are still limited. Here, we report a synthetic DNA binder that can artificially induce mitochondrial aggregation and fusion in living cells. The rationally designed DNA binder consists of a long DNA chain, which is grafted with multiple mitochondria-targeting modules. Our results indicated that the DNA binder-induced in situ self-assembly of mitochondria can be used to successfully repair ROS-stressed neuron cells. Meanwhile, this DNA binder design is highly programmable. Customized molecular switches can be easily implanted to further achieve stimuli-triggered mitochondrial aggregation and fusion inside living cells. We believe this new type of DNA regulator system will become a powerful chemo-biological tool for subcellular manipulation and precision therapy.
Climate variability and indigenous adaptation strategies by Somali pastoralists in Ethiopia
Authors: Ayal Desalegn Yayeh , Kebede Hilina Yohannes , Belay Abrham , Emiru Nega Chalie , Mekuyie Muluken 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pastoralism is a fragile livelihood system for millions of people around the world and a significant number of that is found in Africa. Proper documentation and understanding of indigenous knowledge and strategies on pastoralism are limited and this study sheds light on location-specific indigenous knowledge and corresponding perceptions of local communities with the support of metrological patterns of weather and climate variability. This is an exploratory study that draws on orally existing indigenous knowledge of adaptation from qualitative data sources, analyzes climate data, and matches it with communities' oral records of major climatic events to validate the accuracy of their perceptions. The results reveals that there is a high climate variability as indicated with a Coefficient of Variation (CV) value of 30, the PCI indicated high rainfall intensity and longer dry periods indicated by the SI values. Almost every year the SI value predicted longer dry season. The community’s perception matched with recorded climate data of the past 36 years and identified 10 major climate extremes orally recounted down in history. Indigenous strategies include indigenous weather forecasts, mating calendar, destocking, herd mobility, herd diversification, traditional rotational grazing system (‘Seri’), and also lists of emerging adaptation strategies utilized as a result of the severity of climate variability and extremes in the region. The results indicates that uncommon adaptation strategies are replacing preexisting pastoralist livelihood system and that indigenous strategies are in need of support to withstand the current and predicted weather and climate variability in the sites. Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists will be in a better position to adapt to the consequences of climate variability and extremes if indigenous institutions are revitalized with innovations.
Clinical and Diagnostic characteristics of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Egyptian children and adolescents with type1 diabetes: a cross sectional study.
Authors: Abdallah Hanaa Reyad , Youness Eman Refaat , Bedeir Manar Maher , Abouelnaga Marwa W. , Ezzat Wafaa M , Elhosary Yasser , El-Hariri Hazem Mohamed , Hussein Mona Abd Elmotaleb A , Ahmed Heba Ramadan , Eladawy Rasha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients are at an increased risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical criteria associated with the diagnosis of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) among Egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 Diabetes.
Methods
74 T1DM patients aged 8–18 y were enrolled in this cross sectional study. Clinical examination and anthropometric assessment were done. Assessments of lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and liver enzymes were done. Abdominal Ultrasound evaluation of hepatic steatosis was done and accordingly, patients were divided into two groups (NAFLD & normal liver group) and compared together. Assessment of liver fibrosis using acoustic radiation force impulse elastography (ARFI) was done.
Results
in this study; 37 male (50%) & 37 females with mean age 14.3 ± 3.0 y. The mean insulin dose was 1.1 ± 0.4 U/kg & mean disease duration was 6.3 ± 3.0 y. NAFLD was detected in 46 cases while 28 cases had normal liver as diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. Cases with NAFLD had statistically significant higher BMI-Z scores, waist / hip, waist/ height and sum of skin fold thicknesses compared to those with normal liver ((P < 0.05). The mean value of HbA1c % was significantly higher in the NAFLD group (P = 0.003). Additionally, total cholesterol serum levels, triglycerides & LDL were significantly elevated (p = 0.001, 0.019 & 0.001) while the serum level of HDL was significantly lower in the NAFLD cases (p = 0.001). Although, serum levels of the liver enzymes; ALT & AST were significantly higher among cases with NAFLD than in the normal liver group (p = 0.019 & 0.015) respectively, their means were within normal. Using the ARFI elastography; cases with NAFLD exhibited significant fibrosis (F2, 3 &4). BMI, age of patients and female gender were among the risk factors for NAFLD.
Conclusions
NAFLD represents a serious consequence in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents that deserves attention especially with poor glycemic control. NAFLD has the potential to evolve to fibrosis. BMI, age of patients and female gender were detected as risk factors for NAFLD.
Distribution and Molecular Identification of Ixodid Ticks Infesting Cattle at Kilombero and Iringa District Councils, Tanzania
Authors: Magesa Walter , Haji Isihaka , Kinimi Edson , Nzalawahe Jahashi , Kazwala Rudovick 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background: Hard ticks infesting cattle are vectors of Tick-borne diseases that causes major public health problems and considerable socioeconomic losses to livestock industry in tropical and subtropical countries. A repeated cross-sectional study was carried out by collecting ticks on cattle during the wet and dry seasons from January to August 2021 in order to determine hard tick prevalence, distribution and abundance on cattle, at Kilombero and Iringa District Councils of Tanzania. The collected ticks were identified morphologically using published morphological keys, under a stereomicroscope and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing.
Results: Out of 740 examined cattle, (n=304, 41.08%) were infested with ticks. A total of 1,889 ticks were collected comprising three genera and nine species based on morphological identification. In total 3,560 ticks were recorded after ticks counted on one side of the animal’s body and doubled. Rhipicephalus microplus was predominantly prevalent (n = 909, 48.1%), followed by Rhipicephalus evertsi (n = 310, 16.4%) and Amblyomma lepidum (n = 310, 16.4%), while the least common was Hyalomma albiparmatum (n = 3, 0.2%). Tick diversity was highest in Iringa than Kilombero District Council. Ticks were widely distributed in different parts of the host body, the distribution was highest on zone 4 (n = 1,060, 56.11%) which includes (groin, flank, abdomen and around inner thigh of the hind legs) and least on zone 2 (n = 14, 0.74%) which includes back surface of the body. Amblyomma lepidum and Rhipicephalus microplus species were distributed in all the five body zones and recorded with the highest proportions on zone 4, A. lepidum (n = 209, 67.42%) and R. microplus (n = 714, 78.55%). The nine tick species identified morphologically were identified by molecular method, however during sequencing two species (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and R. decoloratus) had poor quality sequences and were excluded from the analysis. The sequencing results indicate high nucleotide identity (96-100%) with sequences available in GenBank and Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). The phylogenetic analysis of partial mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences of ticks confirmed the morphological identification. Tick prevalence was higher in wet season (n=148, 41.11%).
Conclusion: The results showed high burden of tick infestation on cattle and this could reduce animal production and possibly increase the risk of tick-borne diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the epidemiological and molecular aspects of various tick species in other regions of Tanzania.
The early prognostic value of serum anion gap in adult patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Lu Jianhong , Zhong Lei , Yuan Meng , Min Jie , Xu Yin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Although previous studies have reported that many biomarkers can determine the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the serum anion gap (AG) has not been well studied. We aimed to determine whether serum AG can predict the outcome of patients with AMI.
Methods: Data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database were analyzed. Patients were divided into the survival and non-survival groups based on 90-days outcome. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of AG in predicting 90-day all-cause mortality in patients with AMI, and the best cut-off value was obtained, according to which, the patients were further divided into the high and low AG groups. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted, and all-cause mortality was compared between the two groups using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were constructed to assess whether the AG level could independently predict recent all-cause mortality in these patients. And the association between serum AG and 90-day all-cause mortality risk in patients with AMI was analyzed with restricted cubic splines (RCS).
Results:1563 adults were enrolled in this study. Increased serum AG was independently associated with 90-day poor prognosis in patients with AMI, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.708, and the optimal cutoff value for predicting 90-day mortality was 15.50 mmol/L. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the 30-day and 90-day cumulative survival rates were significantly lower in the high AG group than in the low AG group. Adjusted multivariable Cox regression analysis confirmed that increased AG was associated with higher 30-day and 90-day mortality, indicating that increased AG (≥15.50 mmol/L) can predict for short-term prognosis in adult patients with AMI independently. RCS analysis showed that there was a linear trend relationship between serum AG and 90-day all-cause mortality risk in patients with AMI（c2= 7.550，P=0.056）.
Conclusion: Elevated serum AG (≥15.50 mmol/L) is associated with poor outcomes and is an independent risk factor for short-term mortality in patients with AMI.
Oncological outcome after laparoscopic ‘no-touch’ versus ‘touch’ left pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mazzotta Alessandro , Bodegraven EA , Usai S. , Carneiro A. Costa , Tribillon E. , Ferraz JM , Bonnet S. , Busch O. R. , Gayet B. , Besselink MG , Soubrane O. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: The validity of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in left-sided pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still unclear. However, a meticulous surgical dissection through a “no-touch” technique might allow a radical oncological resection with minimal risk of tumor dissemination and seeding. This study aims to evaluate the oncological outcomes of the laparoscopic “no touch” technique versus the “touch” technique
Methods: From 2001 to 2020, we analyzed retrospectively 45 patients undergoing LDP (laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy) for PDAC from two centers. Factors associated with overall (OS), disease-free (DFS) survival and Time to recurrence (TTR) were identified.
Results. The OS rates in the ‘no-touch’ and ‘touch’ groups were 95% vs 78% (1-year OS); 50% vs 50% (3-year OS), respectively (p=0.60). The DFS rates in the ‘no-touch’ and ‘touch’ groups were 72 % vs 57 % (1-year DFS); 32% vs 28 % (3-year DFS), respectively (p=0.11). The TTR rates in the ‘no-touch’ and ‘touch’ groups were 77 % vs 61 % (1-year TTR); 54% vs 30 % (3-year TTR); 46% vs 11 % (5-year TTR); respectively (p=0.02) In multivariate analysis the only factors were Touch technique (OR= 2.62, p= 0.02) and lymphovascular emboli (OR= 4.8; p=0.002).
Conclusion. We advise the ‘no-touch’ technique in patients with resectable PDAC in the pancreatic body and tail. Although this study does not provide definitive proof of superiority, no apparent downsides are present for the ‘no-touch’ technique in this setting although there could be oncological benefits.
Association between BMI z-score and postinduction hypotension in Chinese children undergoing oral surgery: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Cui Qichun , He Huan , Shao Yun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Hypotension normally occurs in children after induction under general anesthesia. Limited studies related to the development of postinduction hypotension in children undergoing oral surgery. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that BMI z-score is associated with postinduction hypotension.
Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 334 Chinese children undergoing oral surgery under general anesthesia. The primary measurement and observation indicators were BMI z-score and postinduction hypotension events. Smooth curve fitting and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to test the relationship between BMI z-score and postinduction hypotension.
Results: Our study presented postinduction hypotension in 29 children (9%). The average age was 5.8± 2 years old, and approximately 67% were male. Every 0.01 increase in BMI z-score was associated with a 28% decreased risk of postinduction hypotension (OR 0.72, 95% CI(0.54~0.95)). Compared to normal children (-2< BMI z-score<1), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of postinduction hypotension for participants in thinness (BMI z-score< -2) and overweight (BMI z-score>1) were 5.66 (95% CI: 1.74–18.41) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.25–2.18), respectively. The P-trend values are significant across all models. The fitted smooth curve showed a linear association between the BMI z-score and the incidence of postinduction hypotension.
Conclusions: The BMI z-score was negatively correlated with the incidence of postoperative hypotension in Chinese children undergoing oral surgery. Thin children, presumably, have a higher incidence of postinduction hypotension.
3D smooth path planning of AUV based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm considering heading switching pressure
Authors: Meng Ronghua , Sun Aiwen , Wu Zhengjia , Du Xuan , Meng Yongdong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

There are problems such as inaccurate expression of path environment information, large steering angle, and many inflection points in the autonomous underwater vehicle navigating in complex sea area. Aiming at these problems, a mathematical model is established for planning the shorter and smoother path. An improved ant colony optimization based on three-dimensional(3D) environment modeling is proposed in this paper. The grid method is used to implement 3D environment modeling. Through three spatial adjacency relationships between grids, the search strategy of spatial connectivity adjacency domain is refined to screen out the spatial search domain. All these will ensure path safety, and realize he practical three-dimensional space safe path planning traversal search. In order to search the optimal path quickly and efficiently, the heuristic functions of each evolutionary strategy are designed to improve the optimization ability of the algorithm. To ensure the stability of the algorithm, the pheromone update mechanism is improved. The adjustable pheromone volatilization factor is set to increase the adaptability of the algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by simulating the environment of obstacle spatial distribution.
Acute social defeat stress activated neurons project to the claustrum and basolateral amygdala
Authors: Tanuma Masato , Niu Misaki , Ohkubo Jin , Ueno Hiroki , Nakai Yuka , Yokoyama Yoshihisa , Seiriki Kaoru , Hashimoto Hitoshi , Kasai Atsushi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We recently reported that a neuronal population in the claustrum (CLA) identified under exposure to psychological stressors plays a key role in stress response processing. Upon stress exposure, the main inputs to the CLA come from the basolateral amygdala (BLA); however, the upstream brain regions that potentially regulate both the CLA and BLA during stressful experiences remain unclear. Here by combining activity-dependent viral retrograde labeling with whole brain imaging, we analyzed neurons projecting to the CLA and BLA activated by exposure to social defeat stress. The labeled CLA projecting neurons were mostly ipsilateral, excluding the prefrontal cortices, which had a distinctly labeled population in the contralateral hemisphere. Similarly, the labeled BLA projecting neurons were predominantly ipsilateral, aside from the BLA in the opposite hemisphere, which also had a notably labeled population. Moreover, we found co-labeled double-projecting single neurons in multiple brain regions such as the ipsilateral ectorhinal/perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and the contralateral BLA. These results suggest that the CLA and BLA receive inputs from neuron collaterals in various brain regions during stress, which may regulate the CLA and BLA forming in a stress response circuitry.
Dietary diversity, fish consumption patterns and its determinants among women, children and households in Bangladesh
Authors: Njogu Lucy , Adam Rahma , Mwema Catherine , Murshed-e-Jahan Khondker 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Given the high levels of malnutrition in Bangladesh, and the importance of fish in providing micro-nutrients, we sought to understand the dietary diversity levels, patterns of fish consumption and its determinants among households in Rangpur and Rajshahi divisions. We collected data from 2669 households. The study employed a Household Dietary Diversity (HDD), Individual Dietary Diversity – Women (IDD-W) and Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) to analyze the dietary diversity. Results indicate that the average HDD was relatively high (8.22), the mean IDD_W for women and children was low at 4.99 and 4.90, respectively. T-test analysis indicated dietary diversity scores increased with consumption of fish and the number of fish species consumed. Intra-household discrimination and substitution of fish and other types of meat in the households, was observed. Increase in level of education and pond ownership were factors that increased fish consumption. Contrary, distance to the market and the price of fish increased fish consumption.