bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peace movement responses to Russia's invasion: For limited war and restraints on militarism
Authors: Shaffer Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe “pragmatic pacifist” tradition, exemplified by the transition of many peace activists in the 1930s to critical support for the Allied war effort during World War II, can provide a nuanced path for Western peace activists in responding to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. This essay examines how several voices of the American peace movement have addressed this situation, offering a variety of levels of critical support to Ukraine's fight for self‐defense and the US involvement in the conflict.
The Role of Singlet Oxygen in Photoreactivity and Phototoxicity of Curcumin
Authors: Wolnicka‐Glubisz Agnieszka , Olchawa Magdalena , Duda Mariusz , Pabisz Pawel , Wisniewska‐Becker Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurcumin is a plant‐derived yellow‐orange compound widely used as a spice, dye and food additive. It is also believed to have therapeutic effects against different disorders. On the other hand, there are data showing its phototoxicity against bacteria, fungi and various mammalian cells. Since the mechanism of its phototoxic action is not fully understood, we investigated here the phototoxic potential of curcumin in liposomal model membranes and in HaCaT cells. First, detection of singlet oxygen (1O2) luminescence proved that curcumin generates 1O2 upon blue light irradiation in organic solvent and in liposomes. Then, HPLC‐EC(Hg) measurements revealed that liposomal and cellular cholesterol is oxidized by 1O2 photogenerated by curcumin. Enrichment of liposome membranes with curcumin significantly increased the oxygen photo‐consumption rate compared to the control liposomes as determined by EPR oximetry. Cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial membrane potential analyses and protein hydroperoxides detection confirmed strong phototoxic effects of curcumin in irradiated HaCaT cells. These data show that since curcumin is advertised as a valuable dietary supplement, or a component of cosmetics for topical use, caution should be recommended especially when skin is exposed to light.
Diversity in the invasive cacao pathogen Moniliophthora roreri is shaped by agriculture
Authors: Díaz‐Valderrama Jorge R. , Zambrano Ricardo , Cedeño‐Amador Sergio , Córdova‐Bermejo Ulises , Casas Gianmarco G. , García‐Zurita Nilda , Sánchez‐Arévalo Juan A. J. , Arévalo‐Gardini Enrique , Dávila Darío , Ruiz Juan , Pinchi‐Dávila Xiomy , Quispe‐Chacón Zarella R. , Chia‐Wong Julio A. , Hurtado‐Gonzales Oscar P. , Rodríguez‐Callañaupa Carlos A. , Maldonado‐Fuentes Casto , Pérez‐Callizaya Eucebio , Leiva‐Espinoza Santos , Oliva‐Cruz Manuel , Guevara‐Ruiz Dylan M. , Torres‐Rojas Esperanza , Johnson Elizabeth , Phillips‐Mora Wilbert , Aime M. Catherine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFrosty pod rot disease of cacao (FPR), caused by the fungus Moniliophthora roreri, has severely impacted the production of cocoa in Latin America since its discovery. Prior to the 1950s, FPR was known only from Colombia and Ecuador. However, beginning in the 1970s, its geographical range has dramatically expanded throughout most of the cacao‐producing regions of the Americas. The origin of the pathogen remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of M. roreri from areas spanning, as much as possible, its current geographical range using simple‐sequence repeat markers and a publicly available single‐nucleotide polymorphism data set. Two hotspots of genetic diversity were found: coastal Ecuador and the inter‐Andean Magdalena Valley of Colombia, neither of which correspond to the Amazonian origin of the host. However, both areas were early centres of intense cultivation of cacao. Our results indicate that M. roreri was introduced into both areas from its centre of origin, where intensive cacao cultivation probably led to the increase of inoculum and further dissemination of the disease. Current invasions can be traced to two genotypes responsible for all known instances of the pathogen in Central America, the Caribbean, Peru and Bolivia. We also report for the first time M. roreri in Maynas (Peruvian Amazon), which is probably the result of a recent introduction from Colombia.
In vitro evaluation of canine whole blood with the addition of Crotalus atrox (Western Diamondback Rattlesnake) venom and antivenom using thromboelastography
Authors: Altemus Bailey Samantha R. , Lyon Shane D. , Girolamo Nicola Di , Gilliam Lyndi L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of 2 equine‐origin antivenom products on correction of coagulation abnormalities noted on thromboelastography (TEG) caused by Crotalus atrox venom in vitro.DesignProspective in vitro controlled study.SettingVeterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsSix healthy dogs.InterventionsBlood from each dog was used for 4 separate kaolin‐activated TEG analyses: A negative control (blood–saline) and positive control (blood–Crotalus atrox venom) were used to assess the dog's normal coagulation and the effect of venom on TEG parameters. Thromboelastographic analyses were then run with blood, venom, and either Argentinian or North American antivenom. All TEG analyses from each dog were compared for efficacy.Measurements and Main ResultsThe mean R values between the North American antivenom and negative controls were not significantly different (P = 0.681), but were significantly different (P = 0.024) between the Argentinian antivenom and negative controls. The mean fibrinolysis values measured 30 minutes after maximum amplitude achieved between the North American antivenom and negative controls were not significantly different (P = 0.198), but were significantly different (P < 0.001) between the Argentinian antivenom and negative controls. The mean K values between the Argentinian antivenom and negative controls were not significantly different (P = 0.274), but were significantly different (P = 0.043) between the North American antivenom and negative controls.ConclusionsThe North American antivenom normalized time to clot formation and fibrinolysis, while the Argentinian antivenom normalized rate of clot formation. Further studies in naturally envenomated patients are necessary to determine if these in vitro results would translate into different clinical outcomes.
Atmospheric Research for Adaptive Optics
Authors: Bolbasova L. A. , Lukin V. P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdaptive optics (AO) systems are an essential part of large astronomical telescopes and laser complexes operating through the atmosphere. Each AO system is individually designed; the requirements for the components and the performance of an AO system are determined by the intensity and distribution of turbulent fluctuations of the air refractive index over the radiation propagation path. In this work, we review the techniques and instruments for measuring and forecasting atmospheric conditions for AO, including devices and techniques developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. The basic principles of atmospheric AO and the related atmospheric parameters are briefly described. Particular attention is paid to the parameter used for the estimation of capabilities of AO systems, i.e., the wind speed at a level of 200 hPa. The comparison with the data from foreign astronomical observatories is carried out. The necessity for atmospheric research for large Russian astronomical observatories is discussed.
Systems and policies to reduce secondhand smoke in multiunit housing in Singapore: a qualitative study
Authors: van der Eijk Yvette , Tan Grace Ping Ping , Teo Odelia 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundMultiunit housing residents are often exposed to neighbours’ secondhand smoke (SHS). Little is known on the current systems available to protect residents in places not covered by a residential smoking ban, or what constitutes an appropriate policy approach. This study explores relevant systems and policies in Singapore, a densely populated city-state where the vast majority live in multiunit housing and discussions on regulating smoking in homes are ongoing.MethodsIn-depth interviews with 18 key informants involved in thought leadership, advocacy, policy or handling SHS complaints, and 14 smokers and 16 non-smokers exposed to SHS at home.ResultsThe current system to address neighbours’ SHS comprises three steps: moral suasion, mediation and legal dispute. Moral suasion and mediation are often ineffective as they depend on smokers to willingly restrict their smoking habits. Legal dispute can yield a court order to stop smoking inside the home, but the process places a high evidence burden on complainants. While setting up designated smoking points or running social responsibility campaigns may help to create no-smoking norms, more intractable cases will likely require regulation, a polarising approach which raises concerns about privacy.ConclusionsWithout regulations to limit SHS in multiunit housing, current systems are limited in their enforceability as they treat SHS as a neighbourly nuisance rather than a public health threat.
Analysis of mulched drip irrigation with brackish water in cotton fields using the HYDRUS-3D numerical model
Authors: Yuyang Shan , Lijun Su , Quanjiu Wang , Yan Sun , Weiyi Mu , Jihong Zhang , Kai Wei 
Published: June 2022

This study combined continuous monitoring in the field using computer modeling to understand soil water movement and salt transport so as to design a suitable irrigation system for cotton using mulched drip irrigation with brackish water. A reasonable irrigation regime was determined and verified using thresholds of water and salinity stress in the various stages of cotton growth. In addition, some key factors, such as emitter discharge rate, emitter spacing, and initial water content, were screened for simulation, and irrigation uniformity and desalination rate were selected as the indicators for evaluation. The results showed that: ( i) The HYDRUS-3D model was a useful tool for designing suitable irrigation regimes, and the determined suitable irrigation quota was 5160 m3 hm−2 under mulched drip irrigation with brackish water during the growth period of cotton in 2019. ( ii) The irrigation uniformity and leaching rate decreased with an increase in the emitter discharge, and the linear relationship between uniformity, leaching rate, and emitter discharge could be identified. ( iii) The irrigation uniformity and leaching rate decreased with an increase in emitter spacing, and power functions might be used to calculate uniformity, leaching rate, and emitter spacing. ( iv) The irrigation uniformity and leaching rate increased with an increase in initial water content, and the relationship between the two indexes and initial water content was defined by a linear function and a power function, respectively. These results provided a valuable reference for the rational use of drip irrigation with brackish water.
Designing Guided User Tasks in VR Embodied Experiences
Authors: Wu Hui-Yin , Robert Florent , Fafet Théo , Graulier Brice , Passin-Cauneau Barthelemy , Sassatelli Lucile , Winckler Marco 
Published: June 2022

Virtual reality (VR) offers extraordinary opportunities in user behavior research to study and observe how people interact in immersive 3D environments. A major challenge of designing these 3D experiences and user tasks, however, lies in bridging the inter-relational gaps of perception between the designer, the user, and the 3D scene. Paul Dourish identified three gaps of perception: ontology between the scene representation and the user and designer interpretation, intersubjectivity of task communication between designer and user, and intentionality between the user's intentions and designer's interpretations.
We present the GUsT-3D framework for designing Guided User Tasks in embodied VR experiences, i.e., tasks that require the user to carry out a series of interactions guided by the constraints of the 3D scene. GUsT-3D is implemented as a set of tools that support a 4-step workflow to (1) annotate entities in the scene with navigation and interaction possibilities, (2) define user tasks with interactive and timing constraints, (3) manage interactions, task validation, and user logging in real-time, and (4) conduct post-scenario analysis through spatio-temporal queries using ontology definitions. To illustrate the diverse possibilities enabled by our framework, we present two case studies with an indoor scene and an outdoor scene, and conducted a formative evaluation involving six expert interviews to assess the framework and the implemented workflow. Analysis of the responses show that the GUsT-3D framework fits well into a designer's creative process, providing a necessary workflow to create, manage, and understand VR embodied experiences.
The Success of Ovulation Induction with Letrozole and Gonadotropins in Obese and Nonobese Women: A Study from a Tertiary Center
Authors: Gowri Vaidyanathan , Al-Amri Arwa , Almamari Thikra Mohammed Abdulrahman , Al Khaduri Maha , Jaju Sanjay 
Published: June 2022

Background. Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, is suggested as a first-line drug for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) especially in obese women. Letrozole has also been used in women with unexplained infertility with similar rates of success to clomiphene. However, literature on letrozole and gonadotropins in obese and nonobese women is sparse. Hence, this study was done to assess the success of ovulation induction (OI) with letrozole plus follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in obese (

BMI
≥
30

kg/m2) and nonobese women (

BMI
<
30

kg/m2). Methods. A retrospective descriptive cohort study was conducted involving 135 women who underwent OI with letrozole plus follicle stimulating hormone therapy and either timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination. The data was collected from the hospital information system, including the age, body mass index, the type of infertility, number of induction cycles with letrozole, number of gonadotropin injections, and the pregnancy occurrence following treatment. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Results. There were 135 women who used FSH injections along with letrozole. Of this, 28.5% obese women got pregnant compared to 29.2% nonobese women, but this did not attain statistical significance (

P
=
0.75

). About 70% of obese women and 57% on nonobese women had polycystic ovarian syndrome. The median number of FSH injections was six, and the interquartile range was 3 to 11. Conclusion. Of the 135 women undergoing letrozole and FSH, there was almost an equal probability of pregnancy in the obese group (

BMI
≥
30

kg/m2) and nonobese women.
Glioblastoma: The Current State of Biology and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Binder Zev A. , O'Rourke Donald M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Over the past two decades, there have been advances in surgical technologies and chemoradiation strategies for glioblastoma, yet durable remissions are rarely seen. As the biological challenges and genetic basis of glioblastoma have become more understood, new therapeutic strategies may lead to more durable clinical responses and long-term remissions. We believe specialized academic centers that form meaningful corporate partnerships to complement basic science infrastructure and use adaptive clinical trial designs will achieve more rapid translation of innovative approaches to glioblastoma. Here we outline the core biological challenges to be overcome in the management of glioblastoma.
Diagnostic Mammography Performance across Racial and Ethnic Groups in a National Network of Community-Based Breast Imaging Facilities
Authors: Nyante Sarah J. , Abraham Linn , Aiello Bowles Erin J. , Lee Christoph I. , Kerlikowske Karla , Miglioretti Diana L. , Sprague Brian L. , Henderson Louise M. ,   for the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
We evaluated differences in diagnostic mammography performance based on women's race/ethnicity.

Methods:
This cohort study included 267,868 diagnostic mammograms performed to evaluate screening mammogram findings at 98 facilities in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium between 2005 and 2017. Mammogram assessments were recorded prospectively and breast cancers occurring within one year were ascertained. Performance statistics were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each racial/ethnic group. Multivariable regression was used to control for personal characteristics and imaging facility.

Results:
Among non-Hispanic White (70%), non-Hispanic Black (13%), Asian/Pacific Islander (10%), and Hispanic (7%) women, the invasive cancer detection rate (iCDR, per 1,000 mammograms) and positive predictive value (PPV2) were highest among non-Hispanic White women (iCDR, 35.8; 95% CI, 35.0–36.7; PPV2, 27.8; 95% CI, 27.3–28.3) and lowest among Hispanic women (iCDR, 22.3; 95% CI, 20.2–24.6; PPV2, 19.4; 95% CI, 18.0–20.9). Short interval follow-up recommendations were most common among non-Hispanic Black women [(31.0%; 95% CI, 30.6%–31.5%) vs. other groups, range, 16.6%–23.6%]. False-positive biopsy recommendations were most common among Asian/Pacific Islander women [per 1,000 mammograms: 169.2; 95% CI, 164.8–173.7) vs. other groups, range, 126.5–136.1]. Some differences were explained by adjusting for receipt of diagnostic ultrasound or MRI for iCDR and imaging facility for short-interval follow-up. Other differences changed little after adjustment.

Conclusions:
Diagnostic mammography performance varied across racial/ethnic groups. Addressing characteristics related to imaging facility and access, rather than personal characteristics, may help reduce some of these disparities.

Impact:
Diagnostic mammography performance studies should include racially and ethnically diverse populations to provide an accurate view of the population-level effects.
Dependence on the MUC1-C Oncoprotein in Classic, Variant, and Non–neuroendocrine Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Fushimi Atsushi , Morimoto Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Satoshi , Yamashita Nami , Bhattacharya Atrayee , Daimon Tatsuaki , Rajabi Hasan , Jin Caining , Hagiwara Masayuki , Yasumizu Yota , Luan Zhou , Suo Wenhao , Wong Kwok-Kin , Withers Henry , Liu Song , Long Mark D. , Kufe Donald 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant malignancy defined by subtypes on the basis of differential expression of the ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 transcription factors. The MUC1-C protein is activated in pulmonary epithelial cells by exposure to environmental carcinogens and promotes oncogenesis; however, there is no known association between MUC1-C and SCLC. We report that MUC1-C is expressed in classic neuroendocrine (NE) SCLC-A, variant NE SCLC-N and non-NE SCLC-P cells and activates the MYC pathway in these subtypes. In SCLC cells characterized by NE differentiation and DNA replication stress, we show that MUC1-C activates the MYC pathway in association with induction of E2F target genes and dysregulation of mitotic progression. Our studies further demonstrate that the MUC1-C→MYC pathway is necessary for induction of (i) NOTCH2, a marker of pulmonary NE stem cells that are the proposed cell of SCLC origin, and (ii) ASCL1 and NEUROD1. We also show that the MUC1-C→MYC→NOTCH2 network is necessary for self-renewal capacity and tumorigenicity of NE and non-NE SCLC cells. Analyses of datasets from SCLC tumors confirmed that MUC1 expression in single SCLC cells significantly associates with activation of the MYC pathway. These findings demonstrate that SCLC cells are addicted to MUC1-C and identify a potential new target for SCLC treatment.

Implications:
This work uncovers addiction of SCLC cells to MUC1-C, which is a druggable target that could provide new opportunities for advancing SCLC treatment.
Parfums et miasmes : olfactographies littéraires et cinématographiques
Authors: Dziub Nikol 
Published: June 2022

Il est intéressant de réfléchir sur la relation de la littérature et du cinéma à un objet qui leur échappe à l’une comme à l’autre : l’odeur, le parfum. L’objet du présent article est d’observer comment la littérature (nous nous arrêterons en particulier sur le cas de Proust) et le cinéma s’y prennent pour dire et pour montrer le parfum, et comment ils s’empruntent mutuellement ruses et stratagèmes pour rendre un objet qui leur est étranger. Par ailleurs, si la littérature fait des odeurs et des parfums un usage dénotant dans l’ensemble une sorte d’optimisme rousseauiste (c’est du moins ce qui appert de certaines réflexions de Roland Barthes), l’olfactographie cinématographique porte la marque de la misanthropie constitutive d’un médium essentiellement pessimiste. L’acte cinématographique s’apparente en effet à un viol optique (voir Le Voyeur de Michael Powell, 1960), de telle sorte que l’œuvre naît coupable, et que l’homme cinématographique semble marqué par un péché originel. Cette sombre morale n’a pas manqué de déteindre sur la littérature, comme en témoigne le roman de Patrick Süskind, Das Parfum (1985, adapté au cinéma en 2006 par Tom Tykwer), qui raconte l’histoire d’un enfant naissant dans les immondices, matricide malgré lui et futur parfumeur-meurtrier.
Contracultura sônica: quando a geração beat cantou hare krishna para espantar o espírito WASP
Authors: Paganus Arilson 
Published: June 2022

Analisamos a sociedade norte-americana dos anos 1950-70 como influenciada e reverberada por uma indomania acentuada e insofismável. Junto a tal indomania, agregaram-se religiões, intelectuais, movimentos alternativos e gurus – destacando-se Swami Prabhupada, o fundador e propagador do movimento Hare Krishna – que eram vistos como refúgios aos olhos de jovens inquietos (estudantes de Columbia, Berkeley, Stanford e San Francisco) que promoveram a geração beat. Tais jovens, rejeitavam maneiras protestantes de agir e ver o mundo, bem como todo um sistema capitalista voraz que crescia ao seu redor, buscando meios e reveses místicos (exógenos ou nativos) e orientais contra as burguesas e lobotomizadas conformidades sociais e vigentes na América. Por fim, descobrem que a sonoridade dos mantras e toda vibração que ela poderia proporcionar ressoava perfeitamente todo encantamento que precisavam.
Os organismos de integração econômica regional na África
Authors: Oliveira Henrique Altemani de 
Published: June 2022

A maior parte dos estudos sobre a história econômica do continente africano costuma analisá-la comparativamente ao processo europeu. A economia africana apresenta duas características básicas dependentes uma da outra na sua história colonial. De um lado, o caráter de extraversão e, do outro, o de desarticulação interna, ambos derivados de sua formação econômica voltada para os interesses das Metrópoles. Para anular esta contradição, diferentes Estados africanos procuraram nortear seus projetos buscando realçar a necessidade de uma integração entre países que apresentassem afinidades geo-históricas, ainda que de natureza discutível.