bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confucian culture and executive compensation: Evidence from China
Authors: Jin Zhi , Li Yubin , Liang Shangkun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis study investigates how traditional Confucian culture affects executive compensation from three dimensions: CEO compensation level, CEO pay gap (the pay gap between CEO and other management members), and the gender pay gap.Research Findings/InsightsWe find that firms' exposure to stronger Confucianism is associated with less CEO compensation, a smaller CEO pay gap, and a larger gender pay gap in China. These findings are consistent with the core values of moderatism, collectivism, and patriarchalism rooted in the Confucian culture. Our findings are robust to different firms' exposure to Confucian culture measures. Endogeneity concerns are further addressed with a subsample of firms that experienced headquarters relocation. Cross‐sectional analyses show that the influence of traditional Confucian culture is more pronounced for firms facing less industry competition, owned by the state, or with a higher concentration of power. Additional analyses show that the Confucian culture also reduces the CEO's pay‐for‐performance sensitivity, weakens pay incentives, and leads to lower firm risk‐taking; however, it also mitigates firm agency problems by reducing firm earnings management and managerial perk consumption. The combination of these positive and negative effects reduces the firm's overall value.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study expands our understanding of the role of informal institutions in corporate behavior. Corporate governance is embedded in the market's formal institutions, which, in turn, are embedded in local informal institutions. Academically, our study suggests further corporate governance research on informal institutions, especially in emerging markets where institutional development is not yet complete and informal institutions play a particularly important role.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study could help practitioners better understand the business culture and compensation contract design in Confucian nations. It also suggests that policymakers consider the effect of informal institutions when designing formal institutions.
Emerging contradictions in the enforcement of bird hunting regulations in Malta
Authors: Ferns Bertie , Campbell Brian , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe archipelago state of Malta is renowned as a “blackspot” for illegal bird hunting. Since joining the European Union (EU), Maltese hunters have experienced restrictions on what and how much they can hunt. This article describes Malta's current enforcement efforts which, assisted by the Army and by volunteers from conservation groups, exceed EU standards, and have led to a reduction in crime. Drawing on interviews with key stakeholders in the hunting arena, however, this article also describes how current conservation policies—which rely on intense surveillance and punishment to deter poachers—are being counterproductive. They are fostering a culture of suspicion and distrust between hunters, environmental nongovernmental organizations, and the state, which, in turn, drives the further intensification of surveillance. This increase has encouraged some hunters to engage in other forms of crime or to embark on hunting expeditions abroad where environmental governance is weaker. This article reinforces the need for more holistic responses to natural resource management that go beyond a focus on increased enforcement, especially when taking into account the impacts of regulation across multiple jurisdictions.
The heart transplant allocation change attenuates but does not eliminate blood group O waitlist outcome disadvantage
Authors: Patel Jay N. , Abramov Dmitry , Fudim Marat , Okwuosa Ike S. , Rabkin David G. , Chung Joshua S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with blood group O have historically been disadvantaged in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) heart transplant allocation system. We sought to determine whether the new UNOS allocation system implemented in 2018 had an impact on waitlist and post‐transplant outcomes among blood groups.MethodsUsing the UNOS database we included all adult patients listed and transplanted with first‐time single‐organ heart transplant between 10/17/15 and 10/1/21. For post‐transplant outcomes, we separately evaluated all adult patients transplanted with the same time‐frame. We used exclusion criteria and censoring to limit biases from changing clinical practices around the allocation change (10/18/2018), and from unequal or inadequate follow‐up. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes before and after the allocation change among each blood group. Fine‐Gray and Cox regression models were used to estimate the effect of the new allocation system on competing waitlist outcomes‐ transplantation, death‐or‐removal from waitlist‐ and post‐transplant survival, respectively.ResultsOf the 21,565 patients listed for transplantation 14,000 met criteria for waitlist analysis (7,035 in the old system vs. 6,965 in the new), and 7,657 met criteria for post‐transplant analysis (3,519 in the old system vs. 4,138 in the new). Among each blood group, new allocation change was associated with higher transplantation rates lower waitlist days and lower waitlist mortality (except Group AB). However, despite improvements, Group O was still associated with worse waitlist outcomes for each metric compared to non‐O Groups. The new allocation system did not have a significant impact on post‐transplant survival among any blood groups.ConclusionChanges in heart transplant allocation have attenuated but not eliminated blood group O disadvantage in access to donor hearts.
Newborns modulate their crawling in response to their native language but not another language
Authors: Hym Charlotte , Dumuids Marie‐Victorine , Anderson David I. , Forma Vincent , Provasi Joëlle , Brière‐Dollat Camille , Granjon Lionel , Gervain Judit , Nazzi Thierry , Barbu‐Roth Marianne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman newborns can propel themselves to their mother's breast when positioned skin to skin on her abdomen just after birth. For decades, researchers have considered this primitive crawling behavior a spinal reflex, immune to supra spinal control. However, recent research suggests that neonatal crawling is already responsive to visual and olfactory stimuli processed at a supra spinal level. Here we report that a few hours post birth, French newborns can also modulate their crawling in response to their native language – a source of information that is processed supra‐spinally. The crawling patterns of 23 French‐born newborns were recorded on video and via an infrared motion capture system during two randomly ordered 2‐min trials. The newborns were secured on a mini skateboard to facilitate arm and leg movements during their crawling propulsion. They heard a repetitive sequence of the same sentences either in French, their native language, or in English, a rhythmically different and hence discriminable unfamiliar language, on each trial. In French, compared to English, crawling was enhanced, with significantly more arm and leg steps and significantly more and larger trunk rotations in the cephalo‐caudal axis. Moreover, newborns rotated their heads and trunk toward the appropriate loud speaker when hearing French but not English. These preliminary findings suggest that newborn crawling is not a simple stereotyped reflex under spinal control, but a complex pattern that can be modulated in response to higher‐order, supra‐spinally processed stimuli. The findings open fascinating questions about the range of stimuli to which newborn crawling is responsive.
Cerebral palsy diagnosis and the impact on hip surveillance enrollment
Authors: Coates Jaimy , Mulpuri Kishore , Farr Jennifer , Miller Stacey D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the diagnosis at enrollment in the Child Health British Columbia Hip Surveillance Program for Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and review the etiologies of children enrolled without a CP diagnosis.MethodData from 959 children (543 males, 416 females; mean [SD] age at enrollment 6 years 8 months [4 years 2 months]) enrolled in the program between September 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Enrollment diagnosis, Gross Motor Function Classification System level, migration percentage, and age at enrollment were included. Chart reviews were completed to confirm diagnoses for all children. Etiologies were compared to a list of conditions that are included and excluded from CP registries.ResultsDiagnosis at enrollment was CP for 612 (64%), possible CP for 120 (13%), and ‘other’ for 220 (23%). No diagnosis was provided for seven (<1%). CP was confirmed for 700 (73%), including 106 (11.1%) enrolled as ‘possible CP’ or ‘other’; 56 (5.8%) did not have CP due to progressive conditions. Migration percentage was similar across all groups at enrollment.InterpretationOne in four children were enrolled in hip surveillance without a diagnosis of CP or possible CP. Encouraging participation in hip surveillance when children meet the clinical criteria for CP but do not have a confirmed CP diagnosis can improve access to care.
Metformin and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with diabetes: A meta‐analysis of population‐based cohort studies
Authors: Zhang Yunnan , Zhang Yi , Shi Xiujin , Han Jialun , Lin Baidi , Peng Wenxing , Mei Zubing , Lin Yang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThe association between metformin use and neurodegenerative disease (ND) onset remains controversial. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to determine the relationship between metformin use and ND risk based on data from population‐based cohort studies.MethodsArticles were systematically searched in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs were obtained using a random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses and meta‐regression were performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity and strengthen the results.ResultsTwelve population‐based cohort studies involving 194,792 participants (94,462 metformin users and 100,330 metformin non‐users) were eligible for inclusion in this meta‐analysis. The pooled RR of NDs reached 0.77 (95% CI 0.67–0.88) when comparing metformin users with non‐users. The effects were more prominent in long‐term metformin users (≥4 years) (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.13–0.44) and studies from Asian countries (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.64–0.74). The effect estimates were stable when stratified by subtypes of NDs, study designs, and control definitions (p for interaction >0.05). Meta‐regression did not identify the coefficients as the sources of heterogeneity (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis found that metformin use, especially long‐term use, was associated with lower ND risk. However, because there was substantial heterogeneity among studies, high‐quality randomized controlled trials are still needed to confirm this finding.
Use of reperfusion therapy and time delay in patients with ischaemic stroke by immigration status: A register‐based cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Mkoma George F. , Norredam Marie , Iversen Helle K. , Andersen Grethe , Johnsen Søren P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeReperfusion therapy is the mainstay of treatment for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS); however, little is known about the use of reperfusion therapy and time delay amongst immigrants.MethodsThis is a Danish nationwide register‐based cohort study of patients with AIS aged ≥18 years (n = 49,817) recruited from 2009 to 2018. Use of reperfusion therapy (intravenous thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy) and time delay between immigrants and Danish‐born residents were compared using multivariable logistics and quantile regression.ResultsOverall, 10,649 (39.8%) Danish‐born residents and 452 (39.0%) immigrants with AIS were treated with reperfusion therapy in patients arriving <4.5 h following stroke onset. Compared with Danish‐born residents, immigrants had lower odds of receiving reperfusion therapy after adjustment for prehospital delay, age, sex, stroke severity, sociodemographic factors and comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio 0.67; 95% confidence interval 0.49‒0.92, p = 0.01). The lowest odds were observed amongst immigrants originating from Poland and non‐Western countries. Similarly, immigrants had a longer prehospital delay than Danish‐born residents in the fully adjusted model in patients arriving <4.5 h after stroke onset (15 min; 95% confidence interval 4‒26 min, p = 0.03). No evidence was found that system delay and clinical outcome differed between immigrants and Danish‐born residents in patients eligible for reperfusion therapy after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities.ConclusionImmigration status was significantly associated with lower chances of receiving reperfusion therapy and there may be differences in patient delay between immigrants and Danish‐born residents in patients arriving to a stroke unit <4.5 h after stroke onset.
To stay or go: Relationship dissolution and repartnering after paternal incarceration
Authors: Dwyer Emory Allison 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated how relationship dissolution and repartnering shape women's relationship quality after their partner's incarceration and evaluates whether incarceration is a unique context for relationship transitions.BackgroundMillions of couples in the United States face incarceration each year, and many relationships do not survive the experience. Although these breakups are typically framed as negative events, it is unclear whether relationship dissolution harms or helps women navigating the incarceration of their partner or coparent.MethodUsing longitudinal data from the Fragile Families study, this article contrasts the experiences of women who stayed with their child's father through his incarceration, those who separated and remained single, and those who separated and repartnered. Three domains of relationship quality were considered: cooperativeness of parenting relationships, supportiveness of romantic relationships, and risk of domestic violence.ResultsData reveal that most relationships end, creating an opportunity for mothers to form stronger relationships with more advantaged new partners. Incarceration also provides a distinct context for repartnering, amplifying both the advantages and disadvantages of dissolution.ConclusionMost couples experiencing paternal incarceration will also navigate relationship dissolution, and many will integrate a new partner into the family. For many women, particularly those whose relationships have become violent, these transitions may be sources of resilience rather than hardship.ImplicationsRather than a proscriptive focus on preserving families, these findings highlight the need to support families simultaneously navigating incarceration and changing family roles.
Planar‐biaxial low‐cycle fatigue behavior of the nickel‐base alloy Inconel 718 at elevated temperatures under selected loading conditions
Authors: Böcker Marco , Babu Harish Ramesh , Henkel Sebastian , Raddatz Mario , Gampe Uwe , Biermann Horst 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe isothermal planar‐biaxial fatigue behavior was studied for two different disk batches of nickel‐base superalloy Inconel 718 using cruciform specimens at 400°C and 630°C under equi‐biaxial and shear loading. Additionally, non‐proportional tests were performed. The planar‐biaxial test results were compared with uniaxial reference tests using the von Mises equivalent strain hypothesis, a shear strain parameter of the critical plane, and a modified crack‐opening‐displacement strain range approach. Additionally, the crack initiation mechanism was analyzed. Using a modified crack‐opening‐displacement strain range approach, the low‐cycle fatigue lifetimes of the proportional planar‐biaxial tests (i.e., lifetimes up to 40,000 cycles) were described within a scatter band of two. Thus, it was better than using the equivalent strain of von Mises or a shear strain parameter. The fatigue crack initiation took place at oxidized primary carbides at the surface. The crack paths were presented.
Seasoned equity issuers’ prospectus filings: How informative is their tone?
Authors: Huang Rongbing , Qian Hong , Ramalingegowda Santhosh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeasoned equity issuers file Forms S and 424B with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We find that 424B filings’ weak‐modal tone is positively related to offer price discounts and negatively related to offer‐day stock returns. Increases in cautionary (weak‐modal, uncertain, and negative) tone from the initial to final filing are followed by lower abnormal stock returns. Preliminary evidence indicates that cautionary tone relates positively to litigation risk and increased after the passage of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act. Our findings suggest that the cautionary tone of seasoned equity issuers’ prospectuses has negative information content, which is gradually incorporated into the stock prices.
Arctic marine forest distribution models showcase potentially severe habitat losses for cryophilic species under climate change
Authors: Bringloe Trevor T. , Wilkinson David P. , Goldsmit Jesica , Savoie Amanda M. , Filbee‐Dexter Karen , Macgregor Kathleen A. , Howland Kimberly L. , McKindsey Christopher W. , Verbruggen Heroen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Arctic is among the fastest‐warming areas of the globe. Understanding the impact of climate change on foundational Arctic marine species is needed to provide insight on ecological resilience at high latitudes. Marine forests, the underwater seascapes formed by seaweeds, are predicted to expand their ranges further north in the Arctic in a warmer climate. Here, we investigated whether northern habitat gains will compensate for losses at the southern range edge by modelling marine forest distributions according to three distribution categories: cryophilic (species restricted to the Arctic environment), cryotolerant (species with broad environmental preferences inclusive but not limited to the Arctic environment), and cryophobic (species restricted to temperate conditions) marine forests. Using stacked MaxEnt models, we predicted the current extent of suitable habitat for contemporary and future marine forests under Representative Concentration Pathway Scenarios of increasing emissions (2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5). Our analyses indicate that cryophilic marine forests are already ubiquitous in the north, and thus cannot expand their range under climate change, resulting in an overall loss of habitat due to severe southern range contractions. The extent of marine forests within the Arctic basin, however, is predicted to remain largely stable under climate change with notable exceptions in some areas, particularly in the Canadian Archipelago. Succession may occur where cryophilic and cryotolerant species are extirpated at their southern range edge, resulting in ecosystem shifts towards temperate regimes at mid to high latitudes, though many aspects of these shifts, such as total biomass and depth range, remain to be field validated. Our results provide the first global synthesis of predicted changes to pan‐Arctic coastal marine forest ecosystems under climate change and suggest ecosystem transitions are unavoidable now for some areas.
Association betweenHelicobacter pyloriantibodies determined by multiplex serology and gastric cancer risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: El Hafa Fadoua , Wang Tianpei , Ndifor Valerie Mbuhnwi , Jin Guangfu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsPrevious studies have reported the association between limited number ofHelicobacterpylori(H.pylori) antigens and gastric cancer (GC) risk. The present study evaluated the association between serum antibodies against 15 differentH. pyloriproteins measured by using multiplex serology assay and GC risk.MethodsWe searched PubMed databases, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for relevant articles. A meta‐analysis was used to pool studies and to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of differentH. pyloriantigens associated with GC risk. Heterogeneity was investigated using Cochran'sQtest andI‐squared statistic.ResultsNine studies were identified, with a total of 3209 GC cases and 6964 controls. FiveH. pylorivirulence factors were significantly associated with non‐cardia GC risk atp‐value <0.0033 including: CagA (OR = 3.22, 95%CI: 2.10–4.94), HP0305 (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.32–2.25), HyuA (OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.13–1.79), Omp (OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.30–2.58), and VacA (OR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.67–2.52). However, none of the 15 antigens was associated with cardia GC risk. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, we identified 7 antigens associated with the risk of non‐cardia GC among East Asian while only two antigens were identified in European population. Nevertheless, CagA and GroEL showed a stronger association in Caucasian (CagA OR = 5.83, 95%CI: 3.31–10.26; GroEL OR = 3.66, 95%CI: 1.58–8.50) compared with East Asian (CagA OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.85–2.61; GroEL OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.29–1.68).ConclusionsThis study determined thatH. pyloriinfection increases the risk of non‐cardia GC with differential effects by its virulence factors and with different patterns among East Asian and European populations. These results advance the understanding of the effect ofH. pylorion GC.
Façade creation as a mediator of the influence of psychological contract breach on employee behaviors
Authors: Liang Huai‐Liang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBuilding on social exchange theory, this study considers an explanation—social exchange—as to why employees' experience of psychological contract breach (PCB) results in harmful employee behaviors via a false behavior. Using 672 employees (547 males, 125 females; average age 44.65 years) from two different industries, including manufacturing and public organizations located in Taiwan. The findings of this study found significant relationships between PCB and its outcomes (i.e., deviant behavior and voice behavior). This study further found that façade creation significantly mediates these relationships. A time‐lag design of three time periods was utilized to diminish common method variables in this study. Implications and directions for future study are discussed.