bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Abortion: Why the Personhood Movement Implicates Reproductive Choice
Authors: Will Jonathan F. 
Published: February 2022

In 2008, an amendment was proposed to the Colorado Constitution that sought to attach the rights and protections associated with legal “personhood” to any human being from the moment of fertilization. Although the initiative was defeated, it sparked a nation-wide Personhood Movement that has spurred similar efforts at the federal level and in over a dozen states. Personhood advocates choose terms like “fertilization,” or phrases such as “human being at any stage of development,” to identify the “person”-defining moment in the reproductive process, and these designations have profound implications for reproductive choice. Proponents are outspoken in their desire to outlaw abortion, but they are less transparent about their intent with respect to other aspects of reproductive choice, such as contraception and infertility treatments.
This paper describes the background of the Personhood Movement and its attempt to achieve legal protection of the preborn from the earliest moments of biological development. Following the late 2011 failure of the personhood measure in Mississippi, the language used within the Movement was dramatically changed in an attempt to address some of the concerns raised regarding implications for reproductive choice. Putting abortion to one side, this paper identifies why the personhood framework that is contemplated by the proposed changes does not eliminate the potential for restrictions on contraception and in vitro fertilization (IVF) that put the lives of these newly recognized persons at risk; nor should it if proponents intend to remain consistent with their position. The paper goes on to suggest what those restrictions might look like based on recent efforts being proposed at the state level and frameworks that have already been adopted in other countries.
Design and implementation of a fault-tolerant controller using control allocation techniques in the presence of actuators saturation for a VTOL octorotor
Authors: Hafezi Hamid , Bakhtiari Ali , Khaki-Sedigh Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFault-tolerant control systems are vital in many industrial systems. Actuator redundancy is employed in advanced control strategies to increase system maneuverability, flexibility, safety, and fault tolerability. In this paper, a fault-tolerant control scheme is proposed to make an over-actuated octorotor robust, against actuators fault and saturation. A sliding mode observer is employed to determine the actuators condition. Then, a fault-tolerant control based on the control allocation methodology is proposed to distribute the control signals between the actuators by considering their condition. In a nonlinear system, an actuator fault can lead to the saturation of other actuators and steady-state errors that can cause closed-loop instability. Hence, the proposed control scheme corrects the actuator signals in a way that their limitations are considered. Finally, experimental studies are carried out and a comparison study is provided.
A forgotten proponent of a league of nations and his contributions to international law
Authors: Chen Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAround a century ago, Zhou Wei became the first Chinese francophone international lawyer. Yet his contributions to international law are often overlooked in academic literature even though he was the first Chinese member of the renowned Institute of International Law, and he had proposed a nascent concept of a ‘League of Nations’ even before Woodrow Wilson did. However, there has been no study on Chinese members of the Institute of International law, and even less research about Zhou. This article aims to piece together his life and work. It begins with a detailed account of Zhou’s education and work from Beijing to Paris, Geneva, and Fribourg. It then uncovers how he managed to shatter the racial ‘glass ceiling’ by being elected to the Institute while China was still a geopolitically weak country, shackled by numerous ‘unequal treaties’. It also recounts his contributions to the study and development of international law. Above all, this article argues that Zhou’s career epitomized the pioneering spirit of his generation of Chinese international lawyers who put their legal and foreign language skills to the benefit of China, and assiduously guarded against any encroachment of Chinese sovereignty. This article will examine and assess Zhou’s two most significant contributions to public international law.
Kant’s Letter to Fichte, the Pure Intellect and his ‘All-Crushing’ Metaphysics: Comments on De Boer’s Kant’s Reform of Metaphysics
Authors: Chance Brian A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractI raise three questions relevant to De Boer’s overall project in Kant’s Reform of Metaphysics. The first is whether Kant’s 1799 open letter to Fichte supports or threatens her contention that Kant had an abiding interest in developing a reformed metaphysics from 1781 onwards. The second is whether De Boer’s conception of the pure intellect and its place in Kant’s projected system of metaphysics captures the role of pure sensibility in the Analytic of Principles, rational physics and rational psychology. The third is whether one might accept the outline of this system as De Boer develops it while still holding that it is more accurate to characterize it as revolution rather than reform.
Climate-induced displacement in the Sahel: A question of classification
Authors: d'Orsi Cristiano , Naldi Gino J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article examines legal aspects of climate-induced forced displacement in the Sahel region of North Africa. The Sahel region is being adversely affected by climate change, leading to the displacement of thousands of people, both cross-border migrants and internally displaced persons (IDPs). The conventional stance is that refugee status does not extend to individuals displaced as a result of natural or environmental catastrophes and that consequently a normative gap exists in international refugee law. However, the position in international law may not be as clear-cut as this conventional view assumes, in light of recent trends which are moving towards the recognition of the rights of such displaced people. It seems clear that under the terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, such people are excluded from refugee status, and while the situation is less obvious under the Organisation of African Unity Convention on Refugees in Africa, it appears that the end result is the same, although there seems to be an increasing desire for recognition of refugee status under that treaty. Other regional treaties are also taking tentative steps in this direction; the Kampala Convention on IDPs is especially noteworthy because it makes express references to circumstances such as natural disasters. A human rights approach may offer hope to displaced people, since climate change can impact on a number of rights – particularly significant is the decision of the UN Human Rights Committee in Teitiota v. New Zealand which acknowledged the harmful impact of climate change. The response, legislative and otherwise, of five Sahel States towards forcibly displaced persons is examined in this article.
Distribution Expansion of Dengue Vectors and Climate Change in India
Authors: Hussain Syed Shah Areeb , Dhiman Ramesh C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIndia has witnessed a five‐fold increase in dengue incidence in the past decade. However, the nation‐wide distribution of dengue vectors, and the impacts of climate change are not known. In this study, species distribution modeling was used to predict the baseline and future distribution of Aedine vectors in India on the basis of biologically relevant climatic indicators. Known occurrences ofAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictuswere obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database and previous literature. Bio‐climatic variables were used as the potential predictors of vector distribution. After eliminating collinear and low contributing predictors, the baseline and future prevalence ofAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictuswas determined, under three Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), using the MaxEnt species distribution model.Aedes aegyptiwas found prevalent in most parts of the southern peninsula, the eastern coastline, north eastern states and the northern plains. In contrast,Aedes albopictushas localized distribution along the eastern and western coastlines, north eastern states and in the lower Himalayas. Under future scenarios of climate change,Aedes aegyptiis projected to expand into unsuitable regions of the Thar desert, whereasAedes albopictusis projected to expand to the upper and trans Himalaya regions of the north. Overall, the results provide a reliable assessment of vectors prevalence in most parts of the country that can be used to guide surveillance efforts, despite minor disagreements with dengue incidence in Rajasthan and the north east, possibly due to behavioral practices and sampling efforts.
Next‐Generation Isoprene Measurements From Space: Detecting Daily Variability at High Resolution
Authors: Wells K. C. , Millet D. B. , Payne V. H. , Vigouroux C. , Aquino C. A. B. , De Mazière M. , de Gouw J. A. , Graus M. , Kurosu T. , Warneke C. , Wisthaler A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIsoprene is the dominant nonmethane organic compound emitted to the atmosphere, where it drives ozone and aerosol production, modulates atmospheric oxidation, and interacts with the global nitrogen cycle. Isoprene emissions are highly variable and uncertain, as is the nonlinear chemistry coupling isoprene and its primary sink, the hydroxyl radical. Space‐based isoprene measurements can help close the gap on these uncertainties, and when combined with concurrent formaldehyde data provide a new constraint on atmospheric oxidation regimes. Here, we present a next‐generation machine‐learning isoprene retrieval for the Cross‐track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) that provides improved sensitivity, lower noise, and thus higher space‐time resolution than earlier approaches. The Retrieval of Organics from CrIS Radiances (ROCR) isoprene measurements compare well with previous space‐based retrievals as well as with the first‐ever ground‐based isoprene column measurements, with 20%–50% discrepancies that reflect differing sources of systematic uncertainty. An ensemble of sensitivity tests points to the spectral background and isoprene profile specification as the most relevant uncertainty sources in the ROCR framework. We apply the ROCR isoprene algorithm to the full CrIS record from 2012 to 2020, showing that it can resolve fine‐scale spatial gradients at daily resolution over the world's isoprene hotspots. Results over North America and Amazonia highlight emergent connections between isoprene abundance and daily‐to‐interannual variations in temperature and nitrogen oxides.
Activation of RAS/MAPK pathway confers MCL-1 mediated acquired resistance to BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhang Qi , Riley-Gillis Bridget , Han Lina , Jia Yannan , Lodi Alessia , Zhang Haijiao , Ganesan Saravanan , Pan Rongqing , Konoplev Sergej N. , Sweeney Shannon R. , Ryan Jeremy A. , Jitkova Yulia , Dunner Kenneth , Grosskurth Shaun E. , Vijay Priyanka , Ghosh Sujana , Lu Charles , Ma Wencai , Kurtz Stephen , Ruvolo Vivian R. , Ma Helen , Weng Connie C. , Ramage Cassandra L. , Baran Natalia , Shi Ce , Cai Tianyu , Davis Richard Eric , Battula Venkata L. , Mi Yingchang , Wang Jing , DiNardo Courtney D. , Andreeff Michael , Tyner Jeffery W. , Schimmer Aaron , Letai Anthony , Padua Rose Ann , Bueso-Ramos Carlos E. , Tiziani Stefano , Leverson Joel , Popovic Relja , Konopleva Marina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite high initial response rates, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with the BCL-2–selective inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) alone or in combinations commonly acquires resistance. We performed gene/protein expression, metabolomic and methylation analyses of isogenic AML cell lines sensitive or resistant to VEN, and identified the activation of RAS/MAPK pathway, leading to increased stability and higher levels of MCL-1 protein, as a major acquired mechanism of VEN resistance. MCL-1 sustained survival and maintained mitochondrial respiration in VEN-RE cells, which had impaired electron transport chain (ETC) complex II activity, and MCL-1 silencing or pharmacologic inhibition restored VEN sensitivity. In support of the importance of RAS/MAPK activation, we found by single-cell DNA sequencing rapid clonal selection of RAS-mutated clones in AML patients treated with VEN-containing regimens. In summary, these findings establish RAS/MAPK/MCL-1 and mitochondrial fitness as key survival mechanisms of VEN-RE AML and provide the rationale for combinatorial strategies effectively targeting these pathways.
Analysis of recent shared ancestry in a familial cohort identifies coding and noncoding autism spectrum disorder variants
Authors: Tuncay Islam Oguz , Parmalee Nancy L. , Khalil Raida , Kaur Kiran , Kumar Ashwani , Jimale Mohamed , Howe Jennifer L. , Goodspeed Kimberly , Evans Patricia , Alzghoul Loai , Xing Chao , Scherer Stephen W. , Chahrour Maria H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a collection of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior or interests. ASD is highly heritable, but genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous, reducing the power to identify causative genes. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) in an ASD cohort of 68 individuals from 22 families enriched for recent shared ancestry. We identified an average of 3.07 million variants per genome, of which an average of 112,512 were rare. We mapped runs of homozygosity (ROHs) in affected individuals and found an average genomic homozygosity of 9.65%, consistent with expectations for multiple generations of consanguineous unions. We identified potentially pathogenic rare exonic or splice site variants in 12 known (includingKMT2C,SCN1A,SPTBN1,SYNE1,ZNF292) and 12 candidate (includingCHD5,GRB10,PPP1R13B) ASD genes. Furthermore, we annotated noncoding variants in ROHs with brain-specific regulatory elements and identified putative disease-causing variants within brain-specific promoters and enhancers for 5 known ASD and neurodevelopmental disease genes (ACTG1,AUTS2,CTNND2,CNTNAP4,SPTBN4). We also identified copy number variants in two known ASD and neurodevelopmental disease loci in two affected individuals. In total we identified potentially etiological variants in known ASD or neurodevelopmental disease genes for ~61% (14/23) of affected individuals. We combined WGS with homozygosity mapping and regulatory element annotations to identify candidate ASD variants. Our analyses add to the growing number of ASD genes and variants and emphasize the importance of leveraging recent shared ancestry to map disease variants in complex neurodevelopmental disorders.
Diurnal variations in the stratosphere of the ultrahot giant exoplanet WASP-121b
Authors: Mikal-Evans Thomas , Sing David K. , Barstow Joanna K. , Kataria Tiffany , Goyal Jayesh , Lewis Nikole , Taylor Jake , Mayne Nathan J. , Daylan Tansu , Wakeford Hannah R. , Marley Mark S. , Spake Jessica J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe temperature profile of a planetary atmosphere is a key diagnostic of radiative and dynamical processes governing the absorption, redistribution and emission of energy. Observations have revealed dayside stratospheres that either cool1,2or warm3,4with altitude for a small number of gas giant exoplanets, whereas other dayside stratospheres are consistent with constant temperatures5–7. Here we report spectroscopic phase curve measurements for the gas giant WASP-121b (ref.8) that constrain stratospheric temperatures throughout the diurnal cycle. Variations measured for a water vapour spectral feature reveal a temperature profile that transitions from warming with altitude on the dayside hemisphere to cooling with altitude on the nightside hemisphere. The data are well explained by models assuming chemical equilibrium, with water molecules thermally dissociating at low pressures on the dayside and recombining on the nightside9,10. Nightside temperatures are low enough for perovskite (CaTiO3) to condense, which could deplete titanium from the gas phase11,12and explain recent non-detections at the day–night terminator13–16. Nightside temperatures are also consistent with the condensation of refractory species such as magnesium, iron and vanadium. Detections15–18of these metals at the day–night terminator suggest, however, that if they do form nightside clouds, cold trapping does not efficiently remove them from the upper atmosphere. Horizontal winds and vertical mixing could keep these refractory condensates aloft in the upper atmosphere of the nightside hemisphere until they are recirculated to the hotter dayside hemisphere and vaporized.
A large-scale study on research code quality and execution
Authors: Trisovic Ana , Lau Matthew K. , Pasquier Thomas , Crosas Mercè 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents a study on the quality and execution of research code from publicly-available replication datasets at the Harvard Dataverse repository. Research code is typically created by a group of scientists and published together with academic papers to facilitate research transparency and reproducibility. For this study, we define ten questions to address aspects impacting research reproducibility and reuse. First, we retrieve and analyze more than 2000 replication datasets with over 9000 unique R files published from 2010 to 2020. Second, we execute the code in a clean runtime environment to assess its ease of reuse. Common coding errors were identified, and some of them were solved with automatic code cleaning to aid code execution. We find that 74% of R files failed to complete without error in the initial execution, while 56% failed when code cleaning was applied, showing that many errors can be prevented with good coding practices. We also analyze the replication datasets from journals’ collections and discuss the impact of the journal policy strictness on the code re-execution rate. Finally, based on our results, we propose a set of recommendations for code dissemination aimed at researchers, journals, and repositories.
In vitro and in vivo anti-cancer effects of hibernating common carp (Cyprinus carpio) plasma on metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Golpich Mojtaba , Amini Elham , Kefayat Amirhosein , Fesharaki Mehrafarin , Moshtaghian Jamal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUncontrollable proliferation is a hallmark of cancer cells. Cell proliferation and migration are significantly depressed during hibernation state. Many studies believe some factors in the plasma of hibernating animals cause these effects. This study aimed to assess the anti-cancer effects of hibernating common carp (Cyprinus carpio) plasma on 4T1 cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The effect of hibernating plasma on cell viability, morphology, migration, apoptosis rate, and cell cycle distribution of 4T1 cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Hibernating plasma at a concentration of 16 mg/ml significantly reduced the viability of 4T1 cancer cells, without any toxicity on L929 normal fibroblast cells. It could change the morphology of cancer cells, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and inhibited migration. Furthermore, intratumoral injection of hibernating plasma (200 µl, 16 mg/ml) in the tumor-bearing mice caused a significant inhibition of 4T1 breast tumors volume (46.9%) and weight (58.8%) compared with controls. A significant decrease in the number of metastatic colonies at the lungs (80%) and liver (52.8%) of hibernating plasma-treated animals was detected which increased the survival time (21.9%) compared to the control groups. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a considerable reduction in the Ki-67-positive cells in the tumor section of the hibernating plasma-treated animals compared with controls. Taken together, the SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis indicated the alpha-2-macroglobulin level in the hibernating fish plasma was significantly increased. It could exert an anti-cancer effect on breast cancer cells and suggested as a novel cancer treatment strategy.
PLP2-derived peptide Rb4 triggers PARP-1-mediated necrotic death in murine melanoma cells
Authors: Maia Vera S. C. , Berzaghi Rodrigo , Arruda Denise C. , Machado Fabrício C. , Loureiro Leticia L. , Melo Pollyana M. S. , Morais Alice S. , Budu Alexandre , Travassos Luiz R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMalignant melanoma is the main cause of death in patients with skin cancer. Overexpression of Proteolipid protein 2 (PLP2) increased tumor metastasis and the knockdown of PLP2 inhibited the growth and metastasis of melanoma cells. In the present work, we studied the antitumor activity of peptide Rb4 derived from protein PLP2. In vitro, Rb4 induced F-actin polymerization, prevented F-actin depolymerization and increased the ER-derived cytosolic calcium. Such effects were associated with necrosis of murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells and with inhibition of the viability of human cancer cell lines. Loss of plasma membrane integrity, dilation of mitochondria, cytoplasm vacuolation and absence of chromatin condensation characterized tumor cell necrosis. Cleavage of PARP-1 and inhibition of RIP1 expression were also observed. In vivo, peptide Rb4 reduced the lung metastasis of tumor cells and delayed the subcutaneous melanoma growth in a syngeneic model. Rb4 induced the expression of two DAMPs molecules, HMGB1 and calreticulin, in B16F10-Nex2. Our results suggest that peptide Rb4 acts directly on tumor cells inducing the expression of DAMPs, which trigger the immunoprotective effect in vivo against melanoma cells. We suggest that peptide Rb4 is a promising compound to be developed as an anticancer drug.
EML1 is essential for retinal photoreceptor migration and survival
Authors: Poria Deepak , Sun Chi , Santeford Andrea , Kielar Michel , Apte Rajendra S. , Kisselev Oleg G. , Chen Shimming , Kefalov Vladimir J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCalcium regulates the response sensitivity, kinetics and adaptation in photoreceptors. In striped bass cones, this calcium feedback includes direct modulation of the transduction cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels by the calcium-binding protein CNG-modulin. However, the possible role of EML1, the mammalian homolog of CNG-modulin, in modulating phototransduction in mammalian photoreceptors has not been examined. Here, we used mice expressing mutant Eml1 to investigate its role in the development and function of mouse photoreceptors using immunostaining, in-vivo and ex-vivo retinal recordings, and single-cell suction recordings. We found that the mutation of Eml1 causes significant changes in the mouse retinal structure characterized by mislocalization of rods and cones in the inner retina. Consistent with the fraction of mislocalized photoreceptors, rod and cone-driven retina responses were reduced in the mutants. However, the Eml1 mutation had no effect on the dark-adapted responses of rods in the outer nuclear layer. Notably, we observed no changes in the cone sensitivity in the Eml1 mutant animals, either in darkness or during light adaptation, ruling out a role for EML1 in modulating cone CNG channels. Together, our results suggest that EML1 plays an important role in retina development but does not modulate phototransduction in mammalian rods and cones.