bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directed Synthesis and Chemistry of Unsymmetric Dicationic Diboranes and Their Use in Frustrated Lewis Pair‐like Chemistry
Authors: Kistner Lucas , Kowatsch Dario , Marz Andreas , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe chemistry of dicationic diboranes with two BII atoms that are engaged in direct B−B bonding is by enlarge unexplored, although these molecules have intriguing properties due to their combined Lewis acidic and electron‐donor properties. Unsymmetric dicationic diboranes are extremely rare, but especially attractive due to their polarized B−B bond. In this work we report the directed synthesis of several stable unsymmetric dicationic diboranes by reaction between the electron‐rich ditriflato‐diborane B2(hpp)2(OTf)2 (hpp=1,3,4,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐2H‐pyrimido[1,2‐α]pyrimidinate) and phosphino‐pyridines, establishing B−N and B−P bonds with the diborane concomitant with triflate elimination. In the case of 2‐((ditertbutylphosphino)methyl)pyridine, the B−N bond is formed instantly, but the B−P bond formation requires (due to steric constraints) several days at ambient conditions for completion, creating an intermediate that could be used for frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)‐like chemistry. Here we test its reaction with an aldehyde, and propose a new type of FLP‐like chemistry.
Enzyme‐Mimetic Molecular Selective Catalysis via Single Zr Atom Catalysis in Chelated Cage Embedded in a Flexible Piezoelectrical Matrix
Authors: Liu Chao , Chen Zhensheng , Teng Kaixuan , Tong Wangshu , Zhang Yihe , Chee Whowwei , An Qi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe molecularly selective catalysis in enzyme is central to life. However, their functioning mechanism remains elusive. We propose here that the synergistic effects from (i) effective orbital hybridizing and energy gap decreasing via chelating on single Zr atom as the catalytic center, (ii) selective supramolecular encapsulation in the cage, and (iii) piezoelectrical field motivation are able to achieve the enzyme‐mimetic molecular selective high performance catalysis. Metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) are added into a piezoelectrical polymer matrix to achieve the composite structure where ultrasonic treatment motivates redox reactions in the MOP‐guest complex. Encapsulated and chelated guest such as Rhodamine B (RhB) is effectively converted with ratios higher than 90 % after 100 min. In comparison, molecules inefficient in either cage encapsulation or chelating with the Zr center can not be converted. This study first proposes a synergistic plot for enzyme‐mimetic catalyst realization and is expected to inspire new mentality in efficient catalyst designing.
Chiral pharmacokinetics of tetramisole stereoisomers—Enantioselective quantification of levamisole and dexamisole in serum samples from users of adulterated cocaine
Authors: Losacker Moritz , Hundertmark Marica , Zörntlein Siegfried , Röhrich Jörg , Hess Cornelius 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhenyltetrahydroimidazothiazole (PTHIT, tetramisole) is the most frequently used adulterant of cocaine and exists in the two enantiomeric forms levamsiole (S) and dexamisole (R). Existing studies show diverse fractions of samples containing enantiopure levamsiole, levamisole‐enriched mixtures, and racemic tetramisole as adulterant. However, blood samples have never been enantioselectively tested for PTHIT. Because enantiomers are usually metabolized stereoselectively, chiral analysis of blood samples can help estimate the time of drug use, provided that a racemic substance is ingested. Therefore, an enantioselective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed using a chiral column. Validation of the method was carried out for methanolic substance samples as well as serum samples and showed satisfactory selectivity, sensitivity, linearity (0.05–100 ng/mL), precision, and accuracy; 151 cocaine samples seized in Germany between 2018 and 2021 were analyzed. Most (94%, n = 48) of the 51 PTHIT‐positive samples contained racemic tetramsiole, whereas there were two samples containing levamisole‐enriched mixtures and one sample containing nearly enantiopure levamisole. Furthermore, 157 cocaine and/or benzoylecgonine‐positive forensic serum samples were tested with cocaine‐positive samples showing the highest frequency of PTHIT detection (43%). All positive samples contained either dexamisole alone or (R)/(S)‐concentration ratios >1 (1.05–70.6). Finally, a self‐administration study was conducted with three subjects taking 10 mg of racemic tetramisole each. Although peak concentrations and corresponding times did not differ significantly between the enantiomers, dexamisole showed significantly longer apparent elimination half‐lives (7.02–10.0 h) than levamisole (2.87–4.77 h). The resulting steadily increasing (R)/(S)‐ratios can therefore be helpful in estimating the time of cocaine consumption.
NeoBat Interactions: A data set of bat–plant interactions in the Neotropics
Authors: Florez‐Montero Guillermo L. , Muylaert Renata L. , Nogueira Marcelo R. , Geiselman Cullen , Santana Sharlene E. , Stevens Richard D. , Tschapka Marco , Rodrigues Francisco A. , Mello Marco A. R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractData papers and open databases have revolutionized contemporary science, as they provide the long‐needed incentive to collaborate in large international teams and make natural history information widely available. Nevertheless, most data papers have focused on species occurrence or abundance, whereas interactions have received much less attention. To help fill this gap, we have compiled a georeferenced data set of interactions between 93 bat species of the family Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera) and 501 plant species of 68 families. Data came from 169 studies published between 1957 and 2007 covering the entire Neotropical Region, with most records from Brazil (34.5% of all study sites), Costa Rica (16%), and Mexico (14%). Our data set includes 2571 records of frugivory (75.1% of all records) and nectarivory (24.9%). The best represented bat genera are Artibeus (28% of all records), Carollia (24%), Sturnira (10.1%), and Glossophaga (8.8%). Carollia perspicillata (187), Artibeus lituratus (125), Artibeus jamaicensis (94), Glossophaga soricina (86), and Artibeus planirostris (74) were the bat species with the broadest diets recorded based on the number of plant species. Among the plants, the best represented families were Moraceae (17%), Piperaceae (15.4%), Urticaceae (9.2%), and Solanaceae (9%). Plants of the genera Cecropia (46), Ficus (42), Piper (40), Solanum (31), and Vismia (27) exhibited the largest number of interactions. These data are stored as arrays (records, sites, and studies) organized by logical keys and rich metadata, which helped to compile the information on different ecological and geographic scales, according to how they should be used. Our data set on bat–plant interactions is by far the most extensive, both in geographic and taxonomic terms, and includes abiotic information of study sites, as well as ecological information of plants and bats. It has already facilitated several studies and we hope it will stimulate novel analyses and syntheses, in addition to pointing out important gaps in knowledge. Data are provided under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Please cite this paper when the data are used in any kind of publication related to research, outreach, and teaching activities.
Beauty: What Makes Us Dream, What Haunts Us
Authors: Liebelt Claudia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, feminist anthropologists have contributed to an interdisciplinary debate on beauty, which focuses on gendered desires, affectivity, and projects of self‐making amid a global boom in beauty products and services. Drawing on the emergent field of critical beauty studies and ethnographic research on middle‐class femininity in urban Turkey, this article explores the salience and potential of beauty as a feminist keyword in anthropology. It argues that despite men's increasing investments in beauty, beauty continues to be tied to “women” in existential ways. Moreover, while beauty still means work for women, this work is often outsourced to female migrant or racialized workers. Beauty norms and body images materialize in intimate encounters and particular settings. In Turkey, the recent extension of the urban beauty economy has created spaces of possibility and aesthetic desires for ordinary women to “take care of themselves.” With its neoliberal emphasis on self‐care, the urban beauty economy has fueled the emergence of new female subjectivities and affective desires. Finally, the article argues in favor of a relational feminist ethnography and pedagogy of beauty, which is conscious of what we define as beautiful, desirable, harmful, or healthy and what the implications are of doing so.
Features of Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Early in the Lives of Infants With Biliary Atresia Correlate With Outcomes Following Kasai Portoenterostomy
Authors: Morrison Jhavene , Ferguson Eric , Figueroa Janet , Karpen Saul J. 
Published: January 2022

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM), detected during two‐dimensional echocardiography (2DE), is prevalent in patients with biliary atresia (BA) awaiting transplant. Whether CCM occurs early in the lives of infants with BA is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the incidence and consequence of CCM in patients with BA, focusing on the earliest ages when 2DE was performed. A cohort of 78 patients with BA at a single center underwent 2DE (median age = 132 days) during the first year of life. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) to upper limit of normal (ULN) ratio ≥ 1.0 was present in 60% of patients who never underwent Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE; n = 15), 49% with nondraining KPE (n = 41), and 21% with draining KPE (n = 19). Patients with a draining KPE (median age at 2DE = 72 days) had a lower LVMI/ULN ratio (0.75 [interquartile range [IQR] 0.70, 0.91]) compared to those with a nondraining KPE (0.99 [IQR 0.78, 1.17] median age of 141 days; P = 0.012). In those whose 2DE was performed within 7 days of KPE (n = 19, median age of 61 days), the LVMI/ULN ratio was lower in those with a future draining KPE (0.73 [IQR 0.66, 0.75]) compared to the group with a future nondraining KPE (1.03 [IQR 0.88, 1.08], P = 0.002). Logistic regression modeling revealed LVMI/ULN ratio ≥ 1.0 as a predictor of KPE outcome, with an odds ratio of 16.7 (95% confidence interval 1.36‐204; P = 0.028) for a future nondraining KPE compared to those with a LVMI/ULN ratio < 1.0. Conclusion: 2DE early in the lives of patients with BA revealed features of CCM that correlated with future outcomes. If validated in a multicenter study, this could lead to 2DE as a useful clinical tool in the care of infants with BA.
Deep learning‐based automated mitosis detection in histopathology images for breast cancer grading
Authors: Mathew Tojo , Ajith B. , Kini Jyoti R. , Rajan Jeny 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCancer grade is an indicator of the aggressiveness of cancer. It is used for prognosis and treatment decisions. Conventionally cancer grading is performed manually by experienced pathologists via microscopic examination of pathology slides. Among the three factors involved in breast cancer grading (mitosis count, nuclear atypia, and tubule formation), mitotic cell counting is the most challenging task for pathologists. It is possible to automate this task by applying computational algorithms on pathology slides images. Lack of sufficiently large datasets and class imbalance between mitotic and non‐mitotic cells in slide images are the two major challenges in developing effective deep learning‐based methods for mitosis detection. In this paper, we propose a new approach and a method based on that to address these challenges. The high training data requirement of the advanced deep neural network is met by combining two datasets from different sources after a color‐normalization process. Class imbalance is addressed by the augmentation of the mitotic samples in a context‐preserving manner. Finally, a customized convolutional neural network classifier is used to classify the candidate cells into the target classes. We have used the publicly available datasets MITOS‐ATYPIA and MITOS for the experiments. Our method outperforms most of the recent methods that are based on independent datasets and at the same time offers adaptability to the combination of datasets from different sources.
Feline lymphoma: diagnosis, staging and clinical presentations
Authors: Mason Sarah , Pittaway Charlie 
Published: January 2022

Background: Lymphoma is a neoplasm of the lymphoid tissue, which may present with localised or systemic clinical signs. Unlike dogs that commonly present with multicentric disease, mostly involving the lymphoid organs (eg, lymph nodes), feline lymphoma can present as visceral (eg, spleen/liver/gut), extranodal (eg, CNS/skin) or nodal in origin, with clinical presentation dependant on the affected organ. This variation in clinical presentation is further complicated by further indolent forms of lymphoma that have been reported; a cat can either present as clinically unwell with intrathoracic or intra‐abdominal forms, or it can present with some subcutaneous or multicentric forms, which may be systemically asymptomatic.Aim of the article: This article discusses the diagnosis and staging of feline lymphoma, the different clinical presentations, and outlines the most commonly used treatment methods.
Guide to veterinary care and management of degus
Authors: Miles Sonya 
Published: January 2022

Background: Degus, in comparison to other exotic mammals, are infrequently brought to veterinary practices. Even though they are not encountered often, it is important for veterinary practitioners to understand how to deal with this species, and advise owners of the best possible care.Aim of the article: This article aims to ensure that readers are comfortable with not only the ideal care of this species, but also how to perform an accurate clinical examination, diagnose and treat some of the most common issues in this species.
How to record a good quality ECG in horses
Authors: Jago Rachel , Blissitt Karen 
Published: January 2022

Background: Cardiac arrhythmias are commonly encountered in horses and can impact the performance of a horse, as well as affect the safety of both the horse and rider. To determine the impact of an arrhythmia, an exercising ECG is required.Aim of the article: This article describes how to record good quality resting and exercising ECG traces to maximise the accuracy of arrhythmia diagnosis and prognosis.
Integrating the models of addiction into humanistic counseling for individuals with substance use disorders
Authors: Clarke Philip B. , Scholl Mark B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe models of addiction represent a framework for conceptualizing clients with substance use disorders. These models include the biological, sociocultural, psychological, moral, spiritual, and holistic models. They can be incorporated in humanistic counseling sessions to facilitate client insight into their substance use and to develop client‐led treatment plans.
Ensemble learning and tensor regularization for cone‐beam computed tomography‐based pelvic organ segmentation
Authors: Zhou Hanyue , Cao Minsong , Min Yugang , Yoon Stephanie , Kishan Amar , Ruan Dan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a widely accessible low‐dose imaging approach compatible with on‐table patient anatomy observation for radiotherapy. However, its use in comprehensive anatomy monitoring is hindered by low contrast and low signal‐to‐noise ratio and a large presence of artifacts, resulting in difficulty in identifying organ and structure boundaries either manually or automatically. In this study, we propose and develop an ensemble deep‐learning model to segment post‐prostatectomy organs automatically.MethodsWe utilize the ensemble logic in various modules during the segmentation process to alleviate the impact of low image quality of CBCT. Specifically, (1) semantic attention was obtained from an ensemble 2.5D You‐only‐look‐once detector to consistently define regions of interest, (2) multiple view‐specific two‐stream 2.5D segmentation networks were developed, using auxiliary high‐quality CT data to aid CBCT segmentation, and (3) a novel tensor‐regularized ensemble scheme was proposed to aggregate the estimates from multiple views and regularize the spatial integrity of the final segmentation.ResultsA cross‐validation study achieved Dice similarity coefficient and mean surface distance of 0.779 0.069 and 2.895 1.496 mm for the rectum, and 0.915 0.055 and 1.675 1.311 mm for the bladder.ConclusionsThe proposed ensemble scheme manages to enhance the geometric integrity and robustness of the contours derived from CBCT with light network components. The tensor regularization approach generates organ results conforming to anatomy and physiology, without compromising typical quantitative performance in Dice similarity coefficient and mean surface distance, to support further clinical interpretation and decision making.
Illness perceptions in patients and parents in paediatric oncology during acute treatment and follow‐up care
Authors: Herzog Kristina , Schepper Florian , Kamm Remo , Engelhardt‐Lohrke Christa , Kreisch Andrea , Pletschko Thomas , Hauer Julia , Christiansen Holger , Suttorp Meinolf , Kiel Julia , Martini Julia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveRecent evidence suggests that illness perceptions in paediatric patients and their parents may differ, with parents holding more negative views compared to their children. Little is known about illness perceptions of very young patients and their parents. This study investigates illness perceptions in paediatric cancer patients aged 4–18 years and their parents in acute treatment or follow‐up care, distinguishing patients by age (4–11, 12–18) and stage of medical treatment.MethodsN = 45 patient–parent dyads in acute treatment and n = 95 dyads in follow‐up care were examined. Parents and older children aged 12–18 years completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire—Revised (IPQ‐R) and younger children aged 4–11 years were examined using an age‐adapted hand puppet interview containing the IPQ‐R questions. Difference scores of illness perceptions (symptoms, timeline‐acute/chronic, timeline‐cyclical, personal control, illness coherence, consequences, emotional representations) between children and parents were tested for significance using Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.ResultsOverall, parents perceived more symptoms associated with their child's illness/treatment than the children themselves. In acute treatment, younger children indicated more negative and older children more positive views regarding chronicity than parents. Younger children held less negative views on consequences, and all children reported less negative emotional representations than parents. In follow‐up care, all children held less negative views on consequences and emotional representations. Older children reported less negative views on chronicity, cyclicity and illness coherence.ConclusionDifferences in illness perceptions of paediatric patients and their parents should be considered during and after treatment/medication and psychosocial care to support illness coping in person‐ and family‐centred interventions.
Bayesian MCPMod
Authors: Fleischer Frank , Bossert Sebastian , Deng Qiqi , Loley Christina , Gierse Jana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiple comparison procedures and modeling (MCPMod) has established itself as a method for dose‐finding under model uncertainty. A downside of MCPMod is that due to its frequentist nature in particular with respect to the multiple comparison part it is tough to incorporate historical information in a systematic fashion. A typical situation where such historical information is available is existing data for the placebo group from previous trials. There are multiple Bayesian concepts for integrating historical data in a systematic and even dynamic fashion like the meta‐analytic prior approach. In this article, we define Bayesian MCPMod (BMCPMod) that is build upon these two aspects. BMCPMod is able to mimic the results of the classical MCPMod for non‐informative priors. At the same time, it allows for the inclusion of historical data in a systematic fashion. After the definition of BMCPMod related characteristics for a Bayesian approach similar to the MCP‐testing part are derived. The BMCPMod is compared to classical MCPMod/non‐informative priors via simulations. Aspects of mixture priors, optimal contrast vectors, and impact of allocation ratios are discussed and an example for designing a BMPCMod trial is given.
Adaptive task‐space cooperative tracking control for manipulators with a desired trajectory estimator and a velocity observer
Authors: Zhao Jiangbo , Xiu Bingkai , Wang Junzheng , Zhang Xin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, the task‐space cooperative tracking control problem of robotic manipulators without velocity measurements is investigated, where the desired trajectory of an unknown object is only available to the root manipulator. A cooperative tracking control scheme is presented, which is composed of a task‐space desired trajectory estimator, a task‐space velocity observer and an adaptive cooperative control law. The estimator is presented to provide the desired trajectory for each manipulator, and the observer is designed to obtain the task‐space velocity in the absence of velocity measurements. Based on the estimator and velocity observer, an adaptive cooperative control law is proposed to satisfy task tracking and motion synchronization of manipulators in the presence of kinematic and dynamic uncertainties. Furthermore, strict stability analysis is conducted to prove that the task‐space tracking and synchronization errors converge to zero under a connected directed graph. Finally, simulation results are given to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Corrosion Inhibition Studies of Fused Oxadiazolo‐quinolines
Authors: Nayak Janardhana , Bhat Ramesh S. , D. M. Chetan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel series of 2‐(4‐substituted phenyl)‐6/8‐substituted‐ [1,3,4] oxadiazolo[2′,3′:2,3][1,3]thiazino[6,5‐b]quinolin‐11(3aH)‐ones were synthesized. Their structures have been characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques such as Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Mass Spectroscopy. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by the cup plate diffusion method. Antimicrobial studies revealed that compounds showed good to significant activity against tested strains. One of the compounds was evaluated for corrosion inhibition studies by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance method in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution for mild steel. The tested compound had exhibited a good inhibitory action against corrosion of mild steel in the medium investigated.