bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical and Subthalamic Nucleus Spectral Changes During Limb Movements in Parkinson's Disease Patients with and Without Dystonia
Authors: Olson Joseph W. , Nakhmani Arie , Irwin Zachary T. , Edwards Lloyd J. , Gonzalez Christopher L. , Wade Melissa H. , Black Sarah D. , Awad Mohammad Z. , Kuhman Daniel J. , Hurt Christopher P. , Guthrie Bart L. , Walker Harrison C. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundDystonia is an understudied motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although considerable efforts have focused on brain oscillations related to the cardinal symptoms of PD, whether dystonia is associated with specific electrophysiological features is unclear.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate subcortical and cortical field potentials at rest and during contralateral hand and foot movements in patients with PD with and without dystonia.MethodsWe examined the prevalence and distribution of dystonia in patients with PD undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. During surgery, we recorded intracranial electrophysiology from the motor cortex and directional electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) both at rest and during self‐paced repetitive contralateral hand and foot movements. Wavelet transforms and mixed models characterized changes in spectral content in patients with and without dystonia.ResultsDystonia was highly prevalent at enrollment (61%) and occurred most commonly in the foot. Regardless of dystonia status, cortical recordings display beta (13–30 Hz) desynchronization during movements versus rest, while STN signals show increased power in low frequencies (6.0 ± 3.3 and 4.2 ± 2.9 Hz peak frequencies for hand and foot movements, respectively). Patients with PD with dystonia during deep brain stimulation surgery displayed greater M1 beta power at rest and STN low‐frequency power during movements versus those without dystonia.ConclusionsSpectral power in motor cortex and STN field potentials differs markedly during repetitive limb movements, with cortical beta desynchronization and subcortical low‐frequency synchronization, especially in patients with PD with dystonia. Greater knowledge on field potential dynamics in human motor circuits can inform dystonia pathophysiology in PD and guide novel approaches to therapy. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Distinct gut microbiota and health outcomes in asymptomatic infection, viral nucleic acid test re‐positive, and convalescent COVID‐19 cases
Authors: Lin Ruqin , Xiao Mingzhong , Cao Shanshan , Sun Yu , Zhao Linhua , Mao Xiaoxiao , Chen Peng , Tong Xiaolin , Ou Zheyuan , Zhu Hui , Men Dong , Li Xiaodong , Deng Yiqun , Zhang Xian‐En , Wen Jikai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGut microbiota composition is suggested to associate with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) severity, but the impact of gut microbiota on health outcomes is largely unclear. We recruited 81 individuals from Wuhan, China, including 13 asymptomatic infection cases (Group A), 24 COVID‐19 convalescents with adverse outcomes (Group C), 31 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) re‐positive cases (Group D), and 13 non‐COVID‐19 healthy controls (Group H). The microbial features of Groups A and D were similar and exhibited higher gut microbial diversity and more abundant short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐producing species than Group C. Group C was enriched with opportunistic pathogens and virulence factors related to adhesion and toxin production. The abundance of SCFA‐producing species was negatively correlated, while Escherichia coli was positively correlated with adverse outcomes. All three groups (A, C, and D) were enriched with the mucus‐degrading species Akkermansia muciniphila, but decreased with Bacteroides‐encoded carbohydrate‐active enzymes. The pathways of vitamin B6 metabolic and folate biosynthesis were decreased, while selenocompound metabolism was increased in the three groups. Specifically, the secondary bile acid (BA) metabolic pathway was enriched in Group A. Antibiotic resistance genes were common among the three groups. Conclusively, the gut microbiota was related to the health outcomes of COVID‐19. Dietary supplementations (SCFAs, BA, selenium, folate, vitamin B6) may be beneficial to COVID‐19 patients.
Effect of silanized stackedKevlar fiber/brass 270 wire mesh on mechanical and impact toughness of cubic boron nitride–epoxy composite
Authors: Vinayaka N. , Nagabhooshanam N. , Balaji D. , Verma Rajesh , Patil Pravin P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKevlar fiber and brass wire mesh reinforced with cubic boron nitride (CBN) particle‐toughened epoxy composites are investigated in this study. This study aims to determine the hybrid composite's mechanical and drop load impact behavior, as well as the effect of surface treatment on the lamina delamination resistance and load bearing phenomenon. The composite laminates were fabricated by hand layup process and characterized according to ASTM standards. The tensile, flexural, Izod impact, ILSS, and hardness testing results shows that adding 35 vol% reinforcements and 3.0 vol% CBN particles indicates the greatest research findings. However, when the stacking sequences B/K/K/B and K/B/B/K were modified from B/K/B/K, these values reduced. The EO2 composite shows improved results in mechanical and drop load impact behavior together with Kevlar fiber and brass wire mesh of alternating staking sequences with 3.0 vol% CBN particles. It is clear that B/K/B/K stacking sequence shows the highest mechanical properties and drop load impact behavior while, B/K/K/B shows lowest values. This hybrid composite with higher mechanical qualities and impact energy absorption might be used in defense armors, aerospace, structural, automobile, and household equipment manufacturing applications.
Metabolomics study of the desiccation and recovery process in the resurrection plants Ramonda serbica and R. nathaliae
Authors: Gođevac Dejan , Ivanović Stefan , Simić Katarina , Anđelković Boban , Jovanović Živko , Rakić Tamara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionRamonda serbica and R. nathaliae are resurrection plants that have the remarkable ability to survive the complete desiccation of their vegetative organs (i.e. leaves, stem, roots) during periods of drought and rapidly revive when rewatered and rehydrated.ObjectiveTo investigate metabolic changes in R. serbica and R. nathaliae during their desiccation and recovery processMethodsProton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)‐based metabolomics approach coupled with multivariate data analysis was utilised to identify the metabolomes of the plants from 90 biological replicates.ResultsSucrose and the polyphenolic glycoside myconoside were predominant in almost equal amounts in all samples studied, regardless of their water content at sampling. During the dehydration process, a decrease in the relative content of fructose, galactose, and galactinol was observed while the contents of those metabolites were preserved in the partially rehydrated plants. Raffinose and myo‐inositol were accumulated in dry samples.ConclusionUsing 1H‐NMR and GC–MS as two complementary analytical platforms provided a more complete picture of the metabolite composition for investigation of the desiccation and recovery process in resurrection plants.
Autism and intersectionality: Considerations for school‐based practitioners
Authors: Sassu Kari A. , Volkmar Fred R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to explore the intersectionality of autism and sociocultural factors as well as discuss the complexities associated with appropriate assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. Based on a review of the literature, the authors present a brief history of the emergence of the term autism and highlight factors that have contributed to current concerns about failures to appropriately recognize autism within diverse populations. Referencing extant research as well as professional practice standards, this article examines aspects of autism and intersectionality, and explores some of the associated challenges related to assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. Further, the authors reflect on the critical importance of carefully considering all aspects of a child's identity when engaging in autism assessment and intervention within the school setting. School‐based practitioners are provided with guidance for addressing the needs of diverse populations of students with autism.
Mechanistic insights on cytotoxicity of KOLR, Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees leaf derived active ingredient, by targeting signaling complexes of phosphodiesterase 3B and rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3
Authors: Li Mingqian , Li Fei , Chen Jiabin , Su He , Chen Guanping , Cao Jili , Li Jiacheng , Dong Liyao , Yu Zhihong , Wang Yifan , Zhou Chun , Zhu Yongqiang , Wei Qin , Li Qun , Chai Kequn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProtein signaling complexes play important roles in prevention of several cancer types and can be used for development of targeted therapy. The roles of signaling complexes of phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) and Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (RAPGEF3), which are two important enzymes of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) metabolism, in cancer have not been fully explored. In the current study, a natural product Kaempferol‐3‐O‐(3′′,4′′‐di‐E‐p‐coumaroyl)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside designated as KOLR was extracted from Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees leaves. KOLR exhibited higher cytotoxic effects against BxCP‐3 pancreatic cancer cell line. In BxPC‐3 cells, the KOLR could enhance the formation of RAPGEF 3/ PDE3B protein complex to inhibit the activation of Rap‐1 and PI3K‐AKT pathway, thereby promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell metastasis. Mutation of RAPGEF3 G557A or low expression of PDE3B inactivated the binding action of KOLR resulting in KOLR resistance. The findings of this study show that PDE3B/RAPGEF3 complex is a potential therapeutic cancer target.
Assessing the importance of mesoscale sea‐surface temperature variations for surface turbulent cooling of the Kuroshio Extension in wintertime
Authors: Sroka Sydney , Czaja Arnaud , Chakravorty Soumi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWestern boundary currents are well known to exhibit a strong eddy field and meandering on subseasonal timescales and wavelengths of a few hundreds of kilometers. However, the extent to which the ocean mesoscale activity associated with these motions can enhance the turbulent air–sea heat flux averaged over a large spatial domain has not been fully characterized. This study aims to do so during the cold season using reanalysis data and simplified air–sea interaction models. The correlation between sea‐surface height anomaly and the wintertime mean heat fluxes does not indicate any significant relations between eddy activity and large‐scale surface heat flux in the Kuroshio Extension during winter over the 2003–2018 period. The results from simple models designed to isolate the contributions from the eddies suggest that the eddy enhancement of the heat flux via a rectified effect (a bit more anomalous cooling over a warm mesoscale feature than anomalous heating over a cold one) is small compared with the long‐time, large‐spatial scale mean in the reanalysis data, especially along the Kuroshio Extension. It is found larger north of it, where it can reach 5 Wm. Although different datasets might disagree about the level of energy of the sea‐surface temperature field at the mesoscale, a simple scaling analysis gives confidence in the relatively small values of the rectified effect found here.
Cashew Nut Shell Derived Porous Activated Carbon Electrodes for “Water‐in‐Salt” Electrolyte Based Symmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Pulikkottil Merin , Antony Henock , Muralidharan Malamal Neelanchery , Gopalan Elavumkal Veena , Ansari Seema 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiomass derived activated carbon has attracted well‐deserved attention in the realm of energy storage applications due to its high porosity and excellent electrochemical properties. In this study, cashew nutshell derived activated carbon (CNSAC) exhibits a highly interconnected and honeycomb like microporous structure with a large specific surface area of 835 m2 g−1 and a high pore volume of 0.4 m3 g−1. These superior structural features of CNSAC facilitate rapid diffusion of electrolyte and improve its electrochemical efficiency, which is desirable for electrode material. Fabrication of symmetrical supercapacitors (SSC) employing water in salt (WIS) electrolyte validates the outstanding electrochemical performance of CNSAC electrode material. WIS based SSC had a remarkable specific capacitance of 110 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1 over a wider electrochemical stability window of 0–2 V, suggesting that WIS electrolytes can address the limitations of conventional aqueous electrolytes and have significant potential for diverse supercapacitor applications.
Recent Progress of Carbon‐Based Anode Materials for Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yamin , Wang Yuyan , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the increasing demand for clean energy, rechargeable batteries with K+ as carriers have attracted wide attention due to their advantages of expandability and low cost. High‐performance anode materials are the key to the development of potassium ion batteries (PIBs), improving their competitiveness and feasibility. Carbon materials have become promising anodes for PIBs due to their abundant resources, low cost, non‐toxicity and electrochemical diversity. This article reviews the research progress of carbon based anode materials in recent years. Firstly, the unique characteristics of carbon as a competitive anode for advanced PIBs are discussed, which provides guidance for optimal design and exploration. Then, various carbon materials as the anodes towards PIBs are summarized in detail, and the involved problems and corresponding solutions are analyzed. Finally, the future development and perspective of advanced carbons for next‐generation PIBs are proposed.
Scoping review of end‐of‐life decision‐making models used in dogs, cats and equids
Authors: Cameron Amelia , Pollock Kristian , Wilson Eleanor , Burford John , England Gary , Freeman Sarah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnd‐of‐life decisions for companion animals can be stressful for veterinarians and owners, and when delayed result in poor animal welfare. Delayed euthanasia has been identified as a particularly prominent issue for horses. This scoping review aimed to identify the available literature on veterinary decision‐making models, which can support end‐of‐life planning.MethodsA protocol was preregistered, and a structured literature search was performed on six electronic databases. Publications were reviewed against specifically developed eligibility criteria. Data from original studies and narrative‐type reviews were extracted separately, and the components of each model were charted.ResultsA total of 2211 publications were identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Eight were original research studies and 15 were narrative reviews or similar. Publications were not indexed uniformly, increasing the difficulty of discovering relevant sources. The end‐of‐life decision‐making process comprised three stages: (1) making the decision, (2) enacting the decision and (3) aftercare. Twenty key components of decision‐making models were identified, although no publication reflected all of these.ConclusionsA lack of original research studies and equine‐specific publications was identified. Shared decision‐making models for euthanasia in veterinary practice should include all three stages and consider species‐specific issues.
Small Militaries and Operational Art: A Strange but Beneficial Pairing
Authors: Jackson Aaron P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines why and how small militaries have adopted operational art despite not possessing large enough forces to apply the concept in the manner it was originally intended. First, it establishes context by summarizing three large military operational art traditions – the German, Soviet, and American traditions. Second, it examines why small militaries have adopted the concept, positing that it is due to a mixture of interoperability and cultural reasons. While there are many potential ways to define “small militaries,” they are defined here as either comprising less than 100,000 personnel, or as fielding land combat forces of one division or less in size. By either definition, these militaries are smaller in scale than those required to apply operational art as conceptualized within the three large military traditions summarized. Third, three case studies examine how small militaries have adapted and applied the concept: those of Australia; Canada; and the Nordic and Baltic countries. Despite facing different strategic situations, the way these militaries have applied operational art has been very similar. All have taken a functional approach, which de-links operational art from its original emphasis on scale. These militaries have used this modified concept to enable them to operate more effectively alongside their larger allies, America in particular.
Framing Mathematical Excellence
Authors: Schappacher Norbert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTodays International Mathematical Union (IMU) derives its greatest visibility among mathematicians world wide from the International Congresses. Its very foundation was an integral part of the mounting of the first postwar ICM at Harvard in 1950. It is via the experience of the quadrennial ICMs and the published traces they leave behind that an image of mathematics continues to be framed and projected for the mathematical community at large, and for the whole world to see. In this final chapter we present a data-based study of how the most exquisite layer of this image has evolved over the past seventy years.
Cooperation Between Russia and China in Multilateral Organizations: A Tactical or a Strategic Alliance?
Authors: Wientzek Olaf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBoth China and Russia are heavyweights in multilateral Geneva. While their priorities and strategies are not identical, their interests are often aligned in many forums. Thus, close cooperation can be observed in several Geneva-based organizations. In some, such as the UN Human Rights Council, China and Russia form the backbone of an increasingly assertive “autocratic alliance.” Particularly China has attempted to establish a counter-narrative on questions of democracy, human rights, and international law. This article outlines some factors that increased the effect of Chinese-Russian cooperation, but also depicts its limits. Cooperation between Russia and China is often defensive rather than proactive and not (yet) based on a joint long-term strategy. However, it is a tactical alliance that is, and will likely remain, a major challenge for the proponents of a rules- and values-based multilateralism even though Russia’s war in Ukraine will further shift the balance in this alliance towards China. This article argues in favor of stronger engagement in UN forums by the West and outlines possibilities for how the growing influence of this tandem can be countered.
Options for Dealing with Russia and China: A US Perspective
Authors: Michta Andrew A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAfter two decades of Global War on Terror, the US is confronted by two near-peer military competitors, Russia and China, which have aligned in their opposition to the US-led international order. Russia is determined to revise the post-Cold War settlement, while China aims to replace it altogether with one built around its economic power, its military, and increasingly its values and ideological tenets. The West’s post-Cold War assumptions that economic globalization would lead to democratization have been proven false, with a new round of great power competition in full view. With the United States military refocusing on great power competition in the Indo-Pacific, Washington needs Europe to rearm and provide real capabilities to deter Russia in the event of a kinetic conflict in Asia. For the NATO alliance, “burden transferring” should be the way forward, with Europe providing core military capabilities while the US maintains its nuclear umbrella and high-end enablers. This approach will ensure deterrence in Europe holds, while the United States confronts China in the Indo-Pacific. It is even more urgent today in light of Russia’s second invasion of Ukraine in 2022 that Europe rebuild its militaries.
Gifts, Feasts, and the Surplus of Friendship: Practices in a Remembered Economy of Petty Trading
Authors: Huldén Niklas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe long tradition of barter trade between peasants, fishermen, and other inhabitants of Estonia and Finland established encounters over the Gulf of Finland. The petty trade was mutually beneficial as the parties could switch-trade their surplus means, exporting mainly salted herring from Finland and receiving grain products, mainly rye, from Estonia. The trade depended strongly on developing personal acquaintanceship with traders from the other side of the gulf. These formed a sort of partnership calledseprathat could last for a season or even for years and decades. This chapter concentrates on the actual practices described during the trading encounters in this Finnish-Estonian arena, through writings, answers to questionnaires in archives, and literature.
The Bigger Picture of Digital Interventions for Pain, Anxiety and Stress: A Systematic Review of 1200+ Controlled Trials
Authors: Khalili-Mahani Najmeh , Tran Sylvain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this systematic scoping review was to gain a better understanding of research trends in digital mental health care. We focused on comorbid conditions: depression, anxiety, and pain–which continue to affect an estimated 20% of world population and require complex and continuous social and medical care provisions. We searched all randomized controlled trials on PubMed until May 2021 for any articles that used a form of information and communication technology (ICT) in relation to primary outcomes anxiety, pain, depression, or stress. From 1285 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria, 890 were randomized trials with nearly 70% satisfactory outcomes. For depression and anxiety, the most frequently reported, were web-based, or mobile apps used for self-monitoring, and guided interventions. For pain, VR-based interventions or games were more prevalent, especially as tools for distraction, or as stimuli for mechanistic studies of pain or anxiety. We discuss gaps in knowledge and challenges that relate to the human factors in digital health applications, and underline the need for a practical and conceptual framework for capturing and reporting such variations.
Echoes from hairy black holes
Authors: Guo Guangzhou , Wang Peng , Wu Houwen , Yang Haitang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the waveforms of time signals produced by scalar perturbations in static hairy black holes, in which the perturbations can be governed by a double-peak effective potential. The inner potential peak would give rise to echoes, which provide a powerful tool to test the Kerr hypothesis. The waveforms are constructed in the time and frequency domains, and we find that the late-time waveforms are determined by the long-lived and sub-long-lived quasinormal modes, which are trapped in the potential valley and near the smaller peak, respectively. When the distance between the peaks is significantly larger than the width of the peaks, a train of decaying echo pulses is produced by the superposition of the long-lived and sub-long-lived modes. In certain cases, the echoes can vanish and then reappear. When the peaks are close enough, one detects far fewer echo signals and a following sinusoid tail, which is controlled by the long-lived or sub-long-lived mode and hence decays very slowly.