bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agent‐based simulation of cross‐contamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 On lettuce during processing with temperature fluctuations during storage in a produce facility. Part 1: Model development
Authors: Madamba Tonderai , Moreira Rosana G. , Castell‐Perez Elena , Banerjee Amarnath , da Silva Dilma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA food safety agent‐based model (FS‐ABS) with discrete time event simulation using NetLogo© was developed to predict the levels of cross‐contamination in a lettuce processing facility. Visualization of the whole processing line shows different lettuce pieces around each equipment's surface. The focus was set on Romaine lettuce processing and on the impact of cross‐contamination, free‐chlorine concentration on wash‐water, and cold storage room temperature fluctuation strategies on E. coli O157:H7 growth. Microorganism decay, growth, and transfer models in the wash water, equipment, and lettuces were embedded in a discrete event simulation model to deal with the growing complexity and uncertainties occurring in processing plants. The model was developed based on literature data. Lettuces were considered agents that move through the processing line moving from patch‐to‐patch agents that have their own attributes, including levels of contamination and probability of microbial transfers. Space was represented by a 2‐D grid‐based equipment with multiple attributes. Space provides the environmental basis for movements and interactions of lettuces. The storage facility was simulated as a continuous agent‐based model, which runs parallel with the main program (processing facility). This article describes the development of the model along with assumptions and semi‐empirical models used to describe cross‐contamination during processing and pathogen growth during storage. Part 2 discusses the model verification, calibration, validation, sensitivity analysis, and results from different scenarios.Practical ApplicationsWe simulated the cross‐contamination of a common pathogen, E. coli O157:H7, in a fresh‐cut lettuce processing facility using the agent‐based model (ABM) approach. This approach captures the complex interactions between factors and emergent results based on agents' (lettuce and equipment) interactions within the model that other types of models cannot. These interactions are essential in understanding the dynamics of cross‐contamination in the post‐harvest processing chain of fresh‐cut leafy‐greens. Most of the factors that affect cross‐contamination in fresh‐cut lettuce (equipment surfaces, lettuces, wash water) were considered in this study. Wash water quality was monitored in terms of the residual free chlorine (FC) levels and the organic matter accumulation measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD). Pathogen growth due to temperature abuses during storage (post processing) were integrated into the model. Available literature data from a pilot size fresh‐cut processing facility were used to create the model.
Phase change material‐assisted freezing of tuna: Impact on freezing process and thawing loss
Authors: Hakim Arif Rahman , Fauzi Ahmat , Pranoto Indro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to slow freezing, freezing fresh fish in a chest freezer often leads to deterioration while products are thawed. Many approaches have been conducted to deal with it. One of them is the application of Phase Change Material (PCM) in refrigeration systems. This study aims to investigate the ability of PCM to accelerate the freezing of fish in the household freezers. The tuna used was stored in the freezer with PCM, which was put on a surface wall cabinet then compared with storage in the freezer without PCM. Besides, the door of the freezer was also opened frequently (three times a day, 1 hr each time) to find out the effect of fluctuating temperatures and freezing operations for 60 hr. The parameters observed include the evolution temperature of the air cabinet and fish, energy consumption of the freezer, and thawing loss. Results showed that PCM accelerated the cooling rate of air cabinets and fish but could not suppress the fluctuation temperature. The quality of the frozen tuna improved, which was indicated by a decreased thawing loss parameter from 3.10% to 1.76%. Overall, this finding revealed PCM has significant potential to improve the fish freezing process.Practical ApplicationsThe household chest freezer is widely used to freeze fish by small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). The most important factors in freezer preferences are simple operations and low energy consumption. But, the freezer worked at slow freezing, which caused higher thawing losses of the product. Hence, the application of PCM to the household freezer potentially improves the freezing process of the fish. So, sellers and retailers of fish could maintain their products without replacing the freezer with an advanced one.
Effects of adding video feedback to emotionally focused therapy supervision: A concurrent multiple‐baseline across subjects design
Authors: Wittenborn Andrea K. , Subramaniam Sailaja , Morgan Preston C. , Tseng Chi‐Fang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmotionally focused therapy (EFT) is an empirically supported intervention for relationship distress with an established model of supervision. This study examined whether incorporating video feedback (VF) software into EFT supervision would improve therapists' level of development compared to traditional EFT supervision in a university training clinic. A concurrent multiple‐baseline across subjects design, along with a thematic analysis of qualitative data, were used in this proof‐of‐concept study of the new supervision component. Overall, quantitative findings suggested that using VF in EFT supervision resulted in some improvement to therapists' development, while qualitative findings showed that all participants supported the incorporation of VF into EFT supervision. Future research on VF is needed to provide additional insight into the use of video review supervision.
Comparison of the effects of shock waves versus radiofrequency on abdominal lipolysis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fontes Alexandra Ribeiro , Martins Ana Sofia de Moura , Costa Beatriz Sofia Pereira da , Noites Andreia , Marques Leila 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigh levels of abdominal adiposity mean higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Aerobic exercise per si reduces the risk of developing this type of diseases. Radiofrequency and shockwave therapy showed to be effective in the reduction of localized abdominal fat.Aim (s)To compare the effects of prescribed moderate aerobic exercise associated with 6 sessions of shockwave therapy or radiofrequency, in the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, in overweight female individuals in fertile age.MethodsRandomized clinical trial, with 30 volunteers in fertile age with overweight and/or obese, randomly and equitably allocated in two experimental groups (1—shockwave therapy and 2—radiofrequency) and one control group. Aerobic physical exercise was prescribed to all groups. The values of anthropometric measurements were measured in two moments. The intervention protocol was performed in a clinic for six weeks, with one session per week. The ANOVA test, paired samples t test, Kruskal‐Wallis test, and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the results, for a significance level of 0.05.ResultsOf 28 participants completed the study. There were significant differences in waist circumference reduction between the experimental group 1 and 2 when compared to the control group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.014, respectively). There was a statistically significant reduction in navel level circumference in experimental group 1 when compared to experimental group 2 (p = 0.024) and with the control group (p = 0.016).ConclusionBoth resources were effective in reducing abdominal measurements when compared to the control group. However, SWT was superior in reducing the navel level circumference.
Differences in the oral health status in hospitalised stroke patients according to swallowing function: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tian Fang , Li Juan , Wu Bei , Xiao Rong , Liu Jiru , Yu Jie , Liu Lin , Zhu Rong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDysphagia is one of the common complications caused by stroke, leading to poor oral health. Oral health is often neglected after stroke by clinical care providers and the patients. Identifying the status of oral health in hospitalised stroke patients with swallowing disorders will facilitate the attention of clinical care providers.AimTo investigate the differences in the oral health status between hospitalised post‐stroke patients with dysphagia and non‐dysphagia.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA purposive sampling method was used to recruit participants. Participants included hospitalised post‐stroke patients with dysphagia and without dysphagia. Stroke patients were recruited from the Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital in China. A total of 120 stroke patients completed the survey. The data collected included their demographics, the scores on the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and the Eating Assessment Tool‐10 (EAT‐10). The study was compliant with the STROBE checklist.ResultsThe average age of the dysphagia group was 67 (64~76) vs the participants without dysphagia group 67 (65~76), (p = .610). The mean standard deviation (SD) OHAT score of participants with dysphagia was 5.28 (2.33) compared to participants without dysphagia 8.89 (3.07), (p < .05). This result indicates post‐stroke dysphagia (PSD) patients had worse oral health than stroke patients without dysphagia. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that oral health status was the independent influencing factor of swallowing function (p < .01).ConclusionThe participants with dysphagia had worse oral health status compared to those without dysphagia, illustrating the critical importance of improving attention to oral health management in patients with post‐stroke swallowing disorders.Relevance to clinical practiceOral health was often omitted when comparing to other functional impairments resulting from stroke. Health caregivers of post‐stroke patients with dysphagia should be aware of the importance of evaluating patient’s oral condition and implementing oral care.
Medication reconciliation at hospital discharge: A qualitative exploration of acute care nurses’ perceptions of their roles and responsibilities
Authors: Latimer Sharon , Hewitt Jayne , de Wet Carl , Teasdale Trudy , Gillespie Brigid M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSafe medication management is a cornerstone of nursing practice. Nurses prepare patients for discharge which includes the ongoing safe administration of medications. Medication reconciliation at hospital discharge is an interprofessional activity that helps to identify and rectify medication discrepancies or errors to ensure the accuracy and completeness of discharge medications and information. Nurses have a role in medication safety; however, their involvement in medication reconciliation at hospital discharge is poorly described. The study's aim was to describe acute care nurses’ perceptions of their roles and responsibilities in medication reconciliation at hospital discharge, including barriers and enablers.DesignUsing focus groups, this exploratory descriptive study gathered qualitative data from nurses working in five acute care clinical units (medical, surgical and transit/discharge lounge) at a tertiary Australian hospital. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis and reported following the COREQ checklist.ResultsThirty‐two nurses were recruited. Three themes emerged from the data: nurses’ medication reconciliation role involves chasing, checking and educating; burden of undertaking medication reconciliation at hospital discharge; team collaboration and communication in medication reconciliation.ConclusionsNurses had a minor role in medication reconciliation at hospital discharge due to a lack of organisation clinical practice guidance and specialised training. Standardising interprofessional medication reconciliation processes and increasing nurses’ involvement will help to streamline this task, reduce discharge delays, workload pressure and improve patient safety.Relevance to clinical practiceMedication reconciliation at hospital discharge is an interprofessional patient safety activity, however little is known about nurse's role and responsibilities. This study reports nurses’ important contribution to patient safety in terms of healthcare team coordination, medication checking and patient education. Supportive organisations and collaborative teams increased nurses’ willingness to complete this activity.
Effects of different techniques during the second stage of labour on reducing perineal laceration: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Zang Yu , Hu Yinchu , Lu Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAim and objectiveTo summarize the evidence on the effects of different techniques during the second stage of labour on reducing perineal laceration depending on available systematic reviews to provide optimal evidence for decision‐making.BackgroundPreventing perineal laceration has been considered an important part of improving women’s health. Various techniques have been used to prevent perineal laceration during the second stage of labour. However, systematic reviews evaluating the effects of different techniques on reducing perineal laceration show inconsistent results.DesignOverview of systematic reviews.MethodsFive English and four Chinese databases were systematically searched for relevant systematic reviews and meta‐analyses published between 1 January 2016 and 31 August 2021. The quality of the included reviews was assessed by the AMSTAR 2 tool. A narrative synthesis was conducted to report the results of moderate‐to‐high quality systematic reviews. The overview was reported according to the PRISMA statement.ResultsEighteen reviews were included, of which four reviews had moderate‐to‐high methodological quality. Perineal massage and warm compresses significantly decreased the incidence of third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal laceration (moderate‐quality evidence). Hands‐off technique had no impact on perineal laceration (low‐to‐moderate quality evidence). Ritgen’s manoeuvre could reduce the incidence of first‐degree perineal laceration but increase the incidence of second‐degree perineal laceration (very low‐quality evidence). Spontaneous pushing (low‐quality evidence) and delayed pushing (moderate‐quality evidence) had no impact on the incidence of third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal laceration. Upright positions did not increase the risk of third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal laceration (very low‐ to low‐quality evidence) but increased the risk of second‐degree perineal laceration for women without epidural analgesia (low‐quality evidence).ConclusionsPerineal massage and warm compresses could be the better choice for preventing perineal laceration in the second stage of labour.Relevance to clinical practiceMidwives and obstetricians could use perineal massage and warm compresses to prevent perineal laceration and should consider women's preferences and experience with perineal techniques.
Risks of Digital Screen Time and Recommendations for Mitigating Adverse Outcomes in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Pardhan Shahina , Parkin John , Trott Mike , Driscoll Robin 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused an unprecedented move to emergency remote learning around the world, leading to increased digital screen time for children and adolescents. This review highlights the potential risk of increased screen time to the eye and general health and makes recommendations to mitigate the risks posed.METHODSA narrative review of evidence of increased digital time during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the risks linked to increased screen time and offer possible steps to mitigate these in students.RESULTSDigital screen time was found to have increased for children and adolescents in all the studies examined during the pandemic and data suggests that this has an impact on eye and general health. We discuss the associated risk factors and adverse outcomes associated with increased digital screen time.CONCLUSIONSThis review offers evidence of increased digital time, highlights some of the well‐known and not so well‐known risks linked to increased screen time, and offers possible steps to mitigate these in children and adolescents during the pandemic, as well as offering schools and parents strategies to support the eye health of children and adolescents post‐pandemic. We discuss a number of interventions to reduce the risk of eye strain, myopia, obesity, and related diseases that have been shown to be linked to increased digital screen time.
Global prevalence of occult hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ji Dong‐Ze , Pang Xiao‐Yu , Shen Dan‐Ting , Liu Shu‐Na , Goyal Hemant , Xu Hua‐Guo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) in the global population. We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane and Web of Science from database inception through 27 Dec, 2018. Studies reporting HBV‐DNA serological data in previously undiagnosed hepatitis B patients were included. The data were further categorized according to the presence of risk factors. After an initial screening of 2,325 records, we finally included 98 articles about the prevalence of OBI from 34 countries and regions. The OBI prevalence was 0.82% (95% CI:0.69–0.96) in the general population, 16.26% (95% CI:10.97–22.34) in HIV patients, 13.99% (95% CI:8.33–20.79) in patients with other liver diseases, 4.25% (95% CI:1.64–7.87) in haemodialysis patients and 5.14% (95% CI:2.26–9.01) patients with other risk factors. In conclusion, OBI prevalence varies significantly across different populations and nations, which deserve attention from the public health authorities. Our results generate further epidemiological data to identify the population with OBI, which has important clinical implications in finding these high‐risk populations to design preventive and management strategies.
Differential diagnosis of the infection caused by wild-type or CD2v-deleted ASFV strains by quantum dots-based immunochromatographic assay
Authors: Niu Yan , Zhang Gaiping , Zhou Jingming , Liu Hongliang , Chen Yumei , Ding Peiyang , Qi Yanhua , Liang Chao , Zhu Xifang , Wang Aiping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious and lethal disease, poses a tremendous threat and burden to the swine industry worldwide. Lack of available vaccines or treatments leaves rapid diagnosis as the key tool to control the disease. Quantum dots (QDs) are unique fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles, highly versatile for biological applications. In this study, we developed a quantum dots-based fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (QDs-FICA) using CD2v as the diagnosis antigen to detect ASFV antibodies. The titre of the test strip was 1 : 5·12 × 105. In addition, the strip was highly specific to anti-ASFV serum and had no cross-reaction with CSFV, PPV, PRRSV, PCV-2, PRV and FMDV. Moreover, a comparative test of 71 clinical samples showed that the coincidence rate was 85·92% between the test strip and the commercial ELISA kit (coated with p30, p62 and p72). The QDs-FICA can be used to detect ASFV antibodies, which is meaningful for the surveillance, control and purification of ASF.
Demographic history shapes genomic variation in an intracellular parasite with a wide geographical distribution
Authors: Angst Pascal , Ebert Dieter , Fields Peter D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnalysing variation in a species’ genomic diversity can provide insights into its historical demography, biogeography and population structure, and thus its ecology and evolution. Although such studies are rarely undertaken for parasites, they can be highly revealing because of the parasite's co‐evolutionary relationships with hosts. Modes of reproduction and transmission are thought to be strong determinants of genomic diversity for parasites and vary widely among microsporidia (fungal‐related intracellular parasites), which are known to have high intraspecific genetic diversity and interspecific variation in genome architecture. Here we explore genomic variation in the microsporidium Hamiltosporidium, a parasite of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, looking especially at which factors contribute to nucleotide variation. Genomic samples from 18 Eurasian populations and a new, long‐read‐based reference genome were used to determine the roles that reproduction mode, transmission mode and geography play in determining population structure and demographic history. We demonstrate two main Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis lineages and a pattern of isolation‐by‐distance, but note an absence of congruence between these two parasite lineages and the two Eurasian host lineages. We suggest a comparatively recent parasite spread through Northern Eurasian host populations after a change from vertical to mixed‐mode transmission and the loss of sexual reproduction. While gaining knowledge about the ecology and evolution of this focal parasite, we also identify common features that shape variation in genomic diversity for many parasites, such as distinct modes of reproduction and the intertwining of host–parasite demographies.
Adoption with Social Learning and Network Externalities*
Authors: Fafchamps Marcel , Söderbom Måns , van den Boogart Monique 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe examine patterns of adoption of a new airtime transfer service over time. We document a strong positive correlation between own adoption and increased usage of the new airtime transfer platform by social neighbours. We examine the possible sources of this correlation by distinguishing between network externalities that extend after adoption and social learning that stops after adoption. We find no correlation between usage by social neighbours and own usage after first adoption. We conclude that social learning about the existence and quality of a new product platform are important mechanisms in its diffusion.