bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Intersection of Death Investigation and Organ Donation Systems: A Scoping Review
Authors: Cullip Mackenzie , Sarti Aimee J. , Weiss Matthew J. , Whittingham Heather , Meade Maureen O. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Death investigators (DIs) such as coroners, medical examiners, and forensic pathologists play important and evolving roles in deceased organ donation. DIs communicate with organ donation organizations (ODOs) to gather case-specific information and release or restrict organs depending on the medicolegal requirements. This scoping review aims to identify the breadth of roles and decision-making processes that may facilitate or hinder deceased donation in DI cases. Methods: This study was conducted using a scoping literature review and subsequent thematic analysis. Results: Thirty-one eligible papers described 8 common themes with region-specific nuances. These include: 1) shared (ODO and DI) protocols for early communication around each case; 2) shared standards and education for death investigation practices related to organ donation; 3) DI support staff or teams to facilitate organ donation; 4) DI authority to order additional testing and imaging before organ recovery; 5) donation-specific legislation to enhance DI and/or ODO operations; 6) legally trained DI authority to veto medical decisions to proceed with organ donation; 7) DI attendance at organ recovery; and 8) surgeons recording specific DI evidence during organ recovery. Conclusion: These findings have cultural and resource-allocation implications and expose gaps in the international literature describing practices at the intersection of deceased organ donation and death investigation. A better understanding of the rationale and execution of various systems for DI and ODO cooperation may serve to advance both organ donation and death investigation.
Stimulating Results Signal a New Treatment Option for People Living With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Armstrong David G. , Grunberger George 
Published: June 2022

Background: Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a progressive condition that deprives many patients of quality of life. With limited treatment options available, successful pain management can be difficult to achieve. Methods: We reviewed results of recent data evaluating high frequency spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Results from the SENZA-PDN randomized clinical trial (NCT03228420), the largest such trial to date, demonstrated 10-kHz spinal cord stimulation substantially reduced PDN refractory to conventional medical management along with improvements in health-related quality-of-life measures that were sustained over 12 months. These data supported the recent U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approval for 10-kHz SCS in PDN patients and contributed to the body of evidence on SCS available to health care professionals managing the effects of PDN. Conclusion: High frequency spinal cord simulation appears to hold promise in treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. We look forward to future works in the literature that will further elucidate these promising findings.
Psychosocial Effects of the Loop Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery System
Authors: Wong Jessie J. , Hood Korey K. , Hanes Sarah J. , Lal Rayhan A. , Naranjo Diana 
Published: June 2022

Aims: This study examined the psychosocial impact of Loop, an open-source automated insulin dosing system that has emerged from the diabetes technology “Do-It-Yourself” (DIY) movement. Methods: Subsamples of 239 adults, 115 children, and 243 parents completed data collection at the time of Loop initiation and 3 and 6 months later. Surveys collected demographic and clinical information, percent time-in-range, HbA1c, and validated psychosocial measures. Analyses included paired t tests and McNemar’s tests to compare psychosocial functioning at 3 and 6 months and regression models to assess baseline predictors of psychosocial outcomes at 6 months. Results: Adults reported significant improvements in diabetes distress ( t = −7.20 P < .001; t = −8.01, P < .001), sleep quality ( t = 6.81, P < .001; t = 2.98, P = .003), fear of hypoglycemia ( t = −4.42, P < .001; t = −4.97, P < .001), and hypoglycemia confidence ( t = 8.68, P < .001; t = 7.96 P < .001) from baseline to 3 months and 6 months, respectively. Significant improvements in parents’ and children’s sleep quality and parents’ fear of hypoglycemia were also observed. Several baseline characteristics were associated with psychosocial outcomes at 6 months. Conclusions: The current findings support the broad and sustained benefits of Loop across multiple aspects of psychosocial well-being. Advancement and dissemination of such technologies has the potential to improve mental and physiological health among people living with type 1 diabetes.
Minimum standards of clinical practice for physiotherapists working in adult intensive care units in Singapore
Authors: Lee Bernice X , Tiew Joyce C , Lim Jovan G , Sani Diana , Yan Clement C , Patman Shane , Chan Melissa Y , Yeung Meredith T 
Published: June 2022

Background Physiotherapists play a crucial role in rehabilitating critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICU). However, variations are found in clinical practice amongst physiotherapists working in the ICU, both locally and internationally, due to the lack of minimum clinical standards and varying knowledge on critical care rehabilitation resulting in inconsistent quality of care. Purpose To establish a framework of the minimum standards of clinical practice for physiotherapists working in ICU in Singapore and compare the standards with existing literature. Methods A three-round modified Delphi questionnaire survey technique collated responses from ICU physiotherapists. The questionnaire contained 222 items, categorised into assessments, conditions and treatments. Responses to the items were either: “Yes, it is essential”, “No, it is not essential”, or “I am not sure”. Consensus for an item was reached when 70% of participants ranked it essential or non-essential. Participants comprised registered physiotherapists who have worked in the ICU for at least six months in the last 12 months and are currently working in the ICU. Results 23 physiotherapists (median ICU-experience 7.0 (4.3–9.8) years) gave consent and completed the initial survey. 13 completed all three rounds of questionnaires. Overall, 163 items were regarded as essential, 21 as non-essential, and 38 did not reach consensus. The identified 163 items varied from similar studies due to different scopes of physiotherapy practice and professional autonomy. Conclusion This framework may guide the content of the physiotherapy education curriculum on critical care rehabilitation and minimise variability in clinical practice across different healthcare institutions in Singapore.
Evidence and implication of interventions across various socioecological levels to address HIV testing uptake among men who have sex with men in the United States: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Ying , Mitchell Jason , Liu Yu 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Strengthening HIV testing uptake is critical to curtail the HIV epidemics among men who have sex with men in the United States. Despite the implementation of various interventions to promote HIV testing among men who have sex with men, few aggregated evidence is presented to reflect the “lessons learned” and inform future directions. The objective of this systematic review is to comprehensively summarize published studies that described, tested, and evaluated outcomes (e.g. efficacy, effectiveness, acceptability, feasibility and/or qualitative opinions) associated with an HIV testing intervention and identify gaps as well as opportunities to inform the design and implementation of future interventions to enhance HIV testing uptake among men who have sex with men in the United States. Methods: We followed the PRISMA guidelines and conducted a systematic review of articles (published by 23 July 2021) by searching multiple databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO). Results: Among the total number of 3505 articles found through multiple databases, 56 papers were included into the review. Interventional modules that demonstrated acceptability, feasibility and efficacy to improve HIV testing uptake among men who have sex with men include: HIV self-testing, interpersonal-level (e.g. peer-led, couple-based) interventions, personalized interventions and technology-based interventions (e.g. mHealth). Aggregated evidence also reflects the lack of individualized interventions that simultaneously address time-varying needs across multiple socioecological levels (e.g. individual, interpersonal, community, structural and societal). Conclusion: Development of interventions to improve HIV testing rates and frequency of men who have sex with men has proliferated in recent years. Our review presents important implications in sustaining and improving interventions to address HIV testing uptake among men who have sex with men in the United States.
Assessment of variation in long-term outcomes of integrated care initiatives in Dutch health care
Authors: Katona Katalin , Menting Malou Dorine , Pisters Ylva Michelle 
Published: June 2022

Introduction The care for many patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in the Netherlands, is contracted by a local care group. The healthcare providers, who collectively shape a care group, provide protocolled diabetes care. Differences exist between care groups in terms of their organizational and financial arrangements. These differences may result in variation in outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess whether variation in healthcare costs, diabetes complications and related hospital admissions on the level of care groups exist. Methods A quantitative cohort study was conducted. Patients who used diabetes medication (more than 180 days of defined daily doses per year) for the first time between the years 2014 and 2019 were included. Data were extracted from health insurance claims between 2014 and 2019. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyse patient variation in healthcare costs (two and six years follow-up), diabetes-related complications and hospital admission days. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to estimate the amount of variation that was attributable to the care groups. Results A large variation in outcome variables was observed between patients and a small variation between care groups. The intraclass correlation coefficient for long-term costs was 0.4%; for short-term costs between 0.1% and 0.3%; for complications 1% and for hospital days 4%. Discussion A large variation between patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 exists in terms of their healthcare costs and complications. In our study, care groups accounted minimally for this variation. A generalized linear mixed model in combination with year cohorts is a tool to study variations in the long-term outcomes of integrated care initiatives.
Serial Convalescent Plasma Infusions for the Initial COVID-19 Infections in the Appalachian Region of West Virginia
Authors: Peppers Brian P. , Shmookler Aaron , Stanley Johnathan , Giblin Sutton Lisa , Perrotta Peter L. , Kieffer Theodore , Skoner David , Mahady Stacey , Lewandrowski Callum , Damron Heath , Horspool Alexander , Sakhuja Ankit , McCarthy Paul , Hostoffer Robert W. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that is responsible for causing COVID-19, has presented the medical community with another example of when convalescent plasma (CP) is still used today. The ability to standardize CP at the onset of a pandemic is unlikely to exist in a reliable and uniformly reproducible way. We hypothesized that CP of unknown strength given in a serial manner will promote health and reduce mortality in those inflicted with COVID-19. Methods Participants were given up to 8 CP-units depending on their condition upon entry into the study and their response. Results 102 out of 117 participants were given CP. The earlier a participant received CP corelated with survival (p = 0.0004). The number of CP-units given, throughout all the clinical severities, was not significant with outcomes, p = 0.3947. A higher number of CP-units given to the severe/critical participants (without biological immunosuppressants or restrictive lung disease) did correlate with survival p = 0.0116 (2.8 vs. 2 units). Lower platelets on admission corelated with mortality. Platelet levels increase correlated with CP infusions p < 0.0001. Conclusion This study supports the serial use of CP of unknown strength based on clinical response for those infected with COVID-19. The use of 3–4 units of CP was found to be statistically significant for survival for severe and critical participants without restrictive lung disease and chronic biological immunosuppression. Increased platelet levels after CP infusions supports that CP is promoting overall health regardless of outcomes.
Correlates of attitudes toward COVID-19-related public health policies and prevention practices in six states
Authors: Glanz Karen , Avelis Jade , Kwong Pui L , Holmes John H 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly impacted communities, however there is limited information about the beliefs, behaviors, and trust in government responses of populations across the country. It may be especially useful to understand state-based and regional differences that people reported early in the pandemic, to inform national and regional public health policies and communication strategies. This paper reports on correlates of perceptions of state and federal policies and prevention practices in six states with varying trajectories of COVID-19 cases and deaths, during the first major wave of the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of COVID-19 policies, perceptions, and behaviors in six states (three in the northeast/mid-Atlantic and three in the southeastern United States), was conducted in April 2020 using an online platform of research volunteers. The survey asked about demographics; use of and belief about the effectiveness of preventive behaviors; experience with COVID-19 testing, diagnosis, quarantine, and hospitalization; risk behaviors and perception; opinion of local, state, and federal government guidelines and information; sources of information; and scales measuring time perspective and collectivism/individualism. Results: Responses from 1476 adults in six states showed that the most often-practiced prevention practices involved social distancing, and that reactions to federal government policies differed regionally and by political party affiliation. Conclusions: These findings improve understanding of how Americans view government responses to the pandemic, and their prevention practices, early in the pandemic. These data will help to create more effective public health policies to control the pandemic and achieve public support for control measures.
Does a food insecurity intervention improve perinatal outcomes for mother and child? A randomized control study protocol of the Fresh Rx: Nourishing Healthy Starts program
Authors: Ferris Dan , Roll Stephen , Huang Jin , Mathews Katherine , Ragain Trina , Simpson Katie , Jabbari Jason , Gilbert Kourtney , Frank Tyler , Rothman Sydney 
Published: June 2022

Background Pregnancy and postpartum periods represent critical times to support nutrition and household food security, especially for families with limited or strained economic resources. The Fresh Rx: Nourishing Healthy Starts study uses a randomized design to examine a comprehensive, holistic “food is medicine” program targeting food insecure expectant mothers in an area with high rates of inequitable adverse maternal and birth outcomes. Participants receive weekly fresh food deliveries from a Combined Community Supported Agriculture partner, cooking and nutrition supports, access to culinary skills education from a trained chef, and counseling and care management. In addition to providing basic cooking tools and pantry staples, the program links participants with locally available community resources and federal food assistance programs such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. Design and methods This study protocol establishes a randomized control design with a control and two treatment groups to isolate distinct program components and examine variation across outcomes including household food security, maternal depressive symptoms, gestational age, and birthweight. The study design and protocol follow Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) principles to emphasize transparency and replicability. Expected impact of the study for Public Health Guided by the Cycle of Food Insecurity and Chronic Disease, study implications for public health are significant given the program’s potential for improving birth outcomes, reducing per capita healthcare costs, and filling a notable policy and program gap during the critical perinatal period for mother and child alike.
Tensions between infection control regulations and the home care working environment: An interview study with health care providers early during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tavemark Sofia , Wijk Helle , Pettersson Cecilia 
Published: June 2022

Background: Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate caregivers’ experiences of ordinary homes as a working environment in home care and home health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. At the beginning of the pandemic, hospital care was in focus and the care of older adults was criticized around the world. Design and methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted in two municipalities in Sweden between March 2020 and May 2021. One large municipality (population 155,000) with experience of care recipients with COVID-19, and a smaller municipality (population 32,000) were included; both had a focus on preventing the spread of the infection. A total of 27 participants working in home care were interviewed; these were occupational therapists, physical therapists, nurses, and assistant nurses. The interview material was analyzed using content analysis. Results: The interviews provided a comprehensive insight into the complex work environment in municipal home care during the pandemic. The staff had to deal with constantly changing information and new guidelines. They were also given new tasks and work routines that demanded more planning and were time-consuming. The staff experienced higher workload and pressure during the pandemic and did not have enough time to recover. Conclusions: During a pandemic situation, the information must be comprehensive and gathered in one place, and the managers must ensure sufficient staffing levels, time for reflection, and support for prioritization. The managers must also ensure the mental health of staff and meet their needs for recovery, both at and outside work.
The prevalence of gaming and gambling in a child and adolescent psychiatry unit
Authors: André Frida , Håkansson Anders , Johansson Björn Axel , Claesdotter-Knutsson Emma 
Published: June 2022

Background: Gaming and gambling are frequently reported from child and adolescent psychiatry and school health care. Swedish epidemiological data show that 1.3% of the population meet the criteria for gambling disorder. Risk factors are male gender, young age, single status and being born outside Sweden. Both problem gaming and gambling are associated with compulsion, psychiatric and physical symptoms, impaired cognitive development and school performance. Based on the limited knowledge and the need for more research into these behaviours among young individuals, the present study aimed to look at the prevalence of gaming and gambling in patients at the child and adolescent psychiatry department (CAP) in Skåne, a region in the south of Sweden. Design and methods: The overall aim is to explore gaming and gambling in a child and youth population. Children aged 8–18 years ( N = 144) from CAP in Skåne were assessed with two self-screening instruments: GASA (Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents) and NODS-CLiP (NORC Diagnostic Screen for Gambling Problems). Information were collected regarding type of care, housing situation and diagnosis. Results: Thirty-three percent of the study participants showed problem/addictive gaming. Fifty-two percent of the males in the study showed problem/addictive gaming. Forty-four percent of the subjects with ADHD showed problem/addictive gaming. Eleven percent of the study participants showed problem gambling. Conclusions: The present study reports hitherto unreported figures of problem gaming and gambling. Our results show the importance of screening children and adolescents for these conditions when admitting subjects to CAP in/outpatient care.
Associations between objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time, and cardiorespiratory fitness with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and heart rate variability
Authors: Del Rosso Sebastian , Baraquet Lucía , Bergero Gastón , Muñoz Fabian , Mazzocco Yanina Luciana , Aoki Maria Pilar , Perovic Nilda Raquel 
Published: June 2022

Background: To assess the associations between physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SEDT) with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, heart rate variability (HRV) and post-exercise recovery (HRR) controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and potential confounders. Design and methods: The following data was collected from 44 participants during 2019 (age = 49.5 ± 6.4 years, 66% women): Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokines (IL-1β, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-23); catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities; resting heart (HR) rate for HRV analysis, anthropometric measures, a submaximal cycling test to evaluate CRF with active recovery to assess and HRR (absolute and ΔHR), and 7-day accelerometry. Results: Women spent significantly more SEDT ( p = 0.035), had higher inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF) and lower HRV indices [SDNN, LF/HF, SD2 ( p > 0.05)]. Significant associations were found between SEDT and markers of inflammation [CRP, B = 0.006, p = 0.001; MCP-1, B = 0.003, p = 0.038]. HRV indices were significantly associated with inflammatory/oxidative stress markers [IL-10 ( p = 0.04), GPX ( p = 0.014), ln-IL 23 ( p = 0.036), CAT ( p = 0.026)] while HRR was positively associated with light PA [Δ3 ( B = 0.051, p = 0.043), Δ4 ( B = 0.062, p = 0.021)] and inversely related to catalase [Δ3 ( B = −54.7, p = 0.042), Δ4 ( B = −54.1, p = 0.021] and CRP [Δ5 ( B = −19.8, p = 0.033)]. Higher CRF showed lower values for TNF-α ( p = 0.02) and IL-10 ( p = 0.003) and better HRV/HRR indices [RMSSD, PNS, SampEn, SD1 ( p < 0.05)]. Conclusions: SEDT had a higher impact on inflammation and autonomic balance, independently of PA levels with differences by sex and CRF. PA appears to be more important for a better HRR. Lower HRV and HRR could be indicative of inflammatory status.