bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of first ischaemic stroke and use of antidopaminergic antiemetics: nationwide case-time-control study
Authors: Bénard-Laribière Anne , Hucteau Emilie , Debette Stéphanie , Kirchgesner Julien , Bezin Julien , Pariente Antoine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the risk of ischaemic stroke associated with antidopaminergic antiemetic (ADA) use.DesignCase-time-control study.SettingData from the nationwide French reimbursement healthcare system database Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS).ParticipantsEligible participants were ≥18 years with a first ischaemic stroke between 2012 and 2016 and at least one reimbursement for any ADA in the 70 days before stroke. Frequencies of ADA reimbursements were compared for a risk period (days -14 to -1 before stroke) and three matched reference periods (days -70 to -57, -56 to -43, and -42 to -29) for each patient. Time trend of ADA use was controlled by using a control group of 21 859 randomly selected people free of the event who were individually matched to patients with stroke according to age, sex, and risk factors of ischaemic stroke.Main outcome measuresAssociation between ADA use and risk of ischaemic stroke was assessed by estimating the ratio of the odds ratios of exposure evaluated in patients with stroke and in controls. Analyses were adjusted for time varying confounders (anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and prothrombotic or vasoconstrictive drugs).ResultsAmong the 2612 patients identified with incident stroke, 1250 received an ADA in the risk period and 1060 in the reference periods. The comparison with the 5128 and 13 165 controls who received an ADA in the same periods yielded a ratio of adjusted odds ratios of 3.12 (95% confidence interval 2.85 to 3.42). Analyses stratified by age, sex, and history of dementia showed similar results. Ratio of adjusted odds ratios for analyses stratified by ADA was 2.51 (2.18 to 2.88) for domperidone, 3.62 (3.11 to 4.23) for metopimazine, and 3.53 (2.62 to 4.76) for metoclopramide. Sensitivity analyses suggested the risk would be higher in the first days of use.ConclusionsUsing French nationwide exhaustive reimbursement data, this self-controlled study reported an increased risk of ischaemic stroke with recent ADA use. The highest increase was found for metopimazine and metoclopramide.
Zee model with quasidegenerate neutrino masses and where to find it
Authors: Primulando R. , Julio J. , Uttayarat P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a Zee model with a family dependent$$Z_2$$Z2symmetry for radiative neutrino masses. Our motivation is to get a model that correctly describes neutrino oscillation phenomena, while at the same time offers definite predictions. The imposed$$Z_2$$Z2symmetry greatly reduces the number of free parameters in the model. These parameters are then determined from the neutrino data, from which one can study its outcomes. Our setup only admits quasidegenerate neutrino masses with the sum of neutrino masses between 100 and 130 meV, the effective Majorana mass between 20 and 40 meV, and the effective electron neutrino mass between 48 and 53 meV. The ratio of the vacuum expectation values of the Higgs doublets,$$\tan \beta $$tanβ, is found to be$$\tan \beta \lesssim 0.5$$tanβ≲0.5and$$\tan \beta \gtrsim 10$$tanβ≳10. The former is ruled out by lepton flavor violation (LFV) processes, such as$$\mu \rightarrow e\gamma $$μ→eγand$$\mu \rightarrow e$$μ→econversion, which are determined up to two loops. For the latter, these LFV processes are within reach of the next generation of experiments. Moreover, for$$\tan \beta \gtrsim 10$$tanβ≳10, the couplings of heavy neutral scalars to dimuon are significant. If they are sufficiently light, i.e.,$$\lesssim 200$$≲200GeV, collider search for their decays into muon pair provides a stronger constraint on most parts of the model parameter space than the LFV ones.
Optimal Distribution-Free Sample-Based Testing of Subsequence-Freeness with One-Sided Error
Authors: Ron Dana , Rosin Asaf 
Published: March 2022

In this work, we study the problem of testing subsequence-freeness. For a given subsequence (word)
w
=
w
1
…

w
k

, a sequence (text)
T
=
t
1
…

t
n

is said to contain
w
if there exist indices 1 ≤
i
1
< … <

i
k

≤ n such that

t
ij

=

w
j

for every 1 ≤
j
≤
k
. Otherwise,
T
is
w
-free. While a large majority of the research in property testing deals with algorithms that perform queries, here we consider
sample-based
testing (with one-sided error). In the “standard” sample-based model (i.e., under the uniform distribution), the algorithm is given samples (
i
,

t
i

) where
i
is distributed uniformly independently at random. The algorithm should distinguish between the case that
T
is
w
-free, and the case that
T
is ε-far from being
w
-free (i.e., more than an ε-fraction of its symbols should be modified so as to make it
w
-free). Freitag, Price, and Swartworth (Proceedings of RANDOM, 2017) showed that
O
((
k
2
log
k
)ε) samples suffice for this testing task. We obtain the following results.

–

The number of samples sufficient for one-sided error sample-based testing (under the uniform distribution) is
O
(
k
ε). This upper bound builds on a characterization that we present for the distance of a text
T
from
w
-freeness in terms of the maximum number of copies of
w
in
T
, where these copies should obey certain restrictions.

–

We prove a matching lower bound, which holds for
every
word
w
. This implies that the above upper bound is tight.

–

The same upper bound holds in the more general
distribution-free
sample-based model. In this model, the algorithm receives samples (
i
,

t
i

) where
i
is distributed according to an
arbitrary
distribution
p
(and the distance from
w
-freeness is measured with respect to
p
).

We highlight the fact that while we require that the testing algorithm work for every distribution and when only provided with samples, the complexity we get matches a known lower bound for a special case of the seemingly easier problem of testing subsequence-freeness with one-sided error under the uniform distribution and with queries (Canonne et al.,
Theory of Computing
, 2019).
Effects and Safety of the Tripterygium Glycoside Adjuvant Methotrexate Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Geng Qi , Liu Bin , Ma Yanfang , Li Huizhen , Shi Nannan , Ouyang Guilin , Nie Zhixing , Yi Jianfeng , Chen Yaolong , Wang Yanping , Lu Cheng 
Published: March 2022

Objective. This study aimed to systematically review the efficacy and clinical safety of different courses and doses of tripterygium glycoside (TG) adjuvant methotrexate (MTX) therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TG adjuvant MTX therapy in patients with RA were retrieved from SinoMed, China Network Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase from inception to September 30, 2021. The effects and clinical safety evaluations were conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Results. A total of 9 RCTs and 892 patients with RA were included in this study. In the meta-analysis, a total of 463 and 429 patients were enrolled into the TG adjuvant MTX therapy group and MTX monotherapy group, respectively. In comparison with MTX monotherapy, the results of the analyzed effects showed that the TG adjuvant MTX therapy can achieve 20%, 50%, and 70% improvements in American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 at

P

= 0.005,

P

= 0.0001, and

P

= 0.004, respectively. Simultaneously, the efficacy of the TG adjuvant MTX therapy was improved at either 30 or 60 mg/day over a six-month course compared to MTX monotherapy (

P

< 0.0001). There was no statistical difference in the effects between the doses of 30 and 60 mg/day after three months (

P

= 0.82). TG adjuvant MTX also reduced the expression rate of the swollen joint count, tender joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, and C-reactive protein in subgroup analyses with different courses and doses. In terms of hepatic adverse effects (

P

= 0.28), leukopenia (

P

= 0.78), gastrointestinal adverse effects (

P

= 0.17), cutaneous adverse effects (

P

= 0.94), and irregular menstruation adverse effects (

P

= 0.29), there was no statistically significant difference with TG adjuvant MTX therapy and MTX monotherapy with different courses and doses. Conclusions. TG adjuvant MTX therapy is more effective than MTX monotherapy and is a safe strategy for RA treatment in doses of 30 or 60 mg/day over a treatment course of six months. However, high-quality multicenter RCT studies with large sample sizes are still needed to confirm the effects and clinical safety of different courses and doses of TG adjuvant MTX therapy.
Clinical Efficacy of Assisted Reproductive Technology Combined with Progesterone Capsules in the Treatment of Infertility Caused by Diminished Ovarian Reserve and Its Influence on Serum FSH, E2, and LH Levels of Patients
Authors: Chen Lingqin , Lai Mindong , Huang Xiaojin , Zeng Fang , Xia Wei , Yang Qingping , Liu Sisun 
Published: March 2022

Objective. To explore the clinical efficacy of assisted reproductive technology (ART) combined with progesterone capsules in the treatment of infertility caused by the diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and its influence on serum FSH, E2, and LH levels of patients. Methods. In the manner of retrospective study, the data of 120 patients with infertility caused by DOR admitted to our hospital (February 2019–February 2020) were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were equally divided into the experimental group and the control group according to the order of admission. All patients underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), and the experimental group was received progesterone capsules at the same time. Ovarian-related indexes, follicular development, serum hormone levels, and pregnancy outcomes were compared between both groups. Results. After treatment, compared with the control group, ovarian-related indexes and follicular development in the experimental group were conspicuously better

P
<
0.001

. In the experimental group, the FSH level was (5.99 ± 1.20) U/L, the E2 level was (540.12 ± 3.54) ng/L, and the LH level was (3.10 ± 0.35) U/L after treatment, which was significantly better than those of the control group

P
<
0.001

. After treatment, compared with the control group, the clinical pregnancy rate in the experimental group was conspicuously higher

P
<
0.05

, and the abortion rate in the experimental group was conspicuously lower

P
<
0.05

. No obvious difference was observed in multiple births rate between the two groups

P
>
0.05

. Conclusion. ART combined with progesterone capsules can improve serum hormone levels, ovarian function, follicular development, and clinical pregnancy rate for patients with infertility caused by DOR, which should be applied in practice.
On the Electrophysiology and Mapping of Intramural Arrhythmic Focus
Authors: Anderson Robert D. , Rodriguez Padilla Jairo , Joens Christian , Masse Stephane , Bhaskaran Abhishek , Magtibay Karl , Niri Ahmed , Asta John , Lai Patrick , Azam Mohammed Ali , Vigmond Edward , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Conventional mapping of focal ventricular arrhythmias relies on unipolar electrogram characteristics and early local activation times. Deep intramural foci are common and associated with high recurrence rates following catheter-based radiofrequency ablation. We assessed the accuracy of unipolar morphological patterns and mapping surface indices to predict the site and depth of ventricular arrhythmogenic focal sources.

Methods:
An experimental beating-heart model used Langendorff-perfused, healthy swine hearts. A custom 56-pole electrode array catheter was positioned on the left ventricle. A plunge needle was placed perpendicular in the center of the grid to simulate arrhythmic foci at variable depths. Unipolar electrograms and local activation times were generated. Simulation models from 2 human hearts were also included with grids positioned simultaneously on the endocardium-epicardium from multiple left ventricular, septal, and outflow tract sites.

Results:
A unipolar Q or QS complex lacks specificity for superficial arrhythmic foci, as this morphology pattern occupies a large surface area and is the predominant pattern as intramural depth increases without developing a R component. There is progressive displacement from the arrhythmic focus to the surface exit as intramural focus depth increases. A shorter total activation time over the overlying electrode array, larger surface area within initial 20 ms activation, and a dual surface breakout pattern all indicate a deep focus.

Conclusions:
Displacement from the focal intramural origin to the exit site on the mapping surface could lead to erroneous lesion delivery strategies. Traditional unipolar electrogram features lack specificity to predict the intramural arrhythmic source; however, novel endocardial-epicardial mapping surface indices can be used to determine the depth of arrhythmic foci.
Multiclass Arrhythmia Detection and Classification From Photoplethysmography Signals Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Liu Zengding , Zhou Bin , Jiang Zhiming , Chen Xi , Li Ye , Tang Min , Miao Fen 
Published: March 2022

Background
Studies have reported the use of photoplethysmography signals to detect atrial fibrillation; however, the use of photoplethysmography signals in classifying multiclass arrhythmias has rarely been reported. Our study investigated the feasibility of using photoplethysmography signals and a deep convolutional neural network to classify multiclass arrhythmia types.

Methods and Results
ECG and photoplethysmography signals were collected simultaneously from a group of patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation for arrhythmias. A deep convolutional neural network was developed to classify multiple rhythms based on 10‐second photoplethysmography waveforms. Classification performance was evaluated by calculating the area under the microaverage receiver operating characteristic curve, overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values against annotations on the rhythm of arrhythmias provided by 2 cardiologists consulting the ECG results. A total of 228 patients were included; 118 217 pairs of 10‐second photoplethysmography and ECG waveforms were used. When validated against an independent test data set (23 384 photoplethysmography waveforms from 45 patients), the DCNN achieved an overall accuracy of 85.0% for 6 rhythm types (sinus rhythm, premature ventricular contraction, premature atrial contraction, ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation); the microaverage area under the microaverage receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.978; the average sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 75.8%, 96.9%, 75.2%, and 97.0%, respectively.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the feasibility of classifying multiclass arrhythmias from photoplethysmography signals using deep learning techniques. The approach is attractive for population‐based screening and may hold promise for the long‐term surveillance and management of arrhythmia.

Registration

URL:
www.chictr.org.cn
. Identifier: ChiCTR2000031170.
Practitioners’ Confidence and Desires for Education in Cardiovascular and Sudden Cardiac Death Genetics
Authors: Lopez Santibanez Jacome Laura , Dellefave‐Castillo Lisa M. , Wicklund Catherine A. , Scherr Courtney L. , Duquette Debra , Webster Gregory , Smith Maureen E. , Kalke Kerstin , Gordon Adam S. , De Berg Kristen , McNally Elizabeth M. , Rasmussen‐Torvik Laura J. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Educating cardiologists and health care professionals about cardiovascular genetics and genetic testing is essential to improving diagnosis and management of patients with inherited cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias and those at higher risk for sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to understand cardiology and electrophysiology practitioners’ current practices, confidence, and knowledge surrounding genetic testing in cardiology and desired topics for an educational program.

Methods and Results
A one‐time survey was administered through purposive email solicitation to 131 cardiology practitioners in the United States. Of these, 107 self‐identified as nongenetic practitioners. Over three quarters of nongenetic practitioners reported that they refer patients to genetic providers to discuss cardiovascular genetic tests (n=82; 76.6%). More than half of nongenetic practitioners reported that they were not confident about the types of cardiovascular genetic testing available (n=60; 56%) and/or in ordering appropriate cardiovascular genetic tests (n=66; 62%). In addition, 45% (n=22) of nongenetic practitioners did not feel confident making cardiology treatment recommendations based on genetic test results. Among all providers, the most desired topics for an educational program were risk assessment (94%) and management of inherited cardiac conditions based on guidelines (91%).

Conclusions
This study emphasizes the importance of access to genetics services in the cardiology field and the need for addressing the identified deficit in confidence and knowledge about cardiogenetics and genetic testing among nongenetic providers. Additional research is needed, including more practitioners from underserved areas.
Representativeness of the GALACTIC‐HF Clinical Trial in Patients Having Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Mefford Matthew T. , Koyama Sandra Y. , De Jesus Justine , Wei Rong , Fischer Heidi , Harrison Teresa N. , Woo Pauline , Reynolds Kristi 
Published: March 2022

Background
Randomized clinical trials in populations with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction may not be reflective of the general population with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Our study assessed the representativeness of the GALACTIC‐HF (Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac Outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure) patient population in Kaiser Permanente Southern California.

Methods and Results
We identified 9770 patients with a diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction from 2014 to 2018 using electronic health records. Four mutually exclusive cohorts were created, including GALACTIC‐HF–ineligible cohorts: (1) not taking guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) and (2) taking GDMT; and GALACTIC‐HF–eligible cohorts with: (3) ejection fraction (EF) ≤28% and (4) EF 29% to 35%. Patients were followed for 30‐day and 1‐year mortality and 30‐day, 180‐day, and 1‐year hospitalization. Overall, 3626 (37.1%) met GALACTIC‐HF inclusion criteria with EF ≤35%, and 2367 (65.3%) of those individuals had EF ≤28%. The risk of 1‐year mortality was lower among all cohorts versus the GALACTIC‐HF–ineligible cohort not taking GDMT (hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.70–0.91], 0.84 [95% CI, 0.72–0.98], and 0.62 [95% CI, 0.51–0.75] for the GALACTIC‐HF–ineligible cohort taking GDMT and GALACTIC‐HF‐eligible cohorts with EF ≤28% and 29%–35%, respectively). Compared with the GALACTIC‐HF–ineligible cohort not taking GDMT, the short‐term hospitalization risk at 30 and 180 days were similar for both GALACTIC‐HF–eligible cohorts and the hospitalization risk at 1 year was similar for the GALACTIC‐HF–eligible cohort with EF ≤28%.

Conclusions
A large portion of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with low EF met inclusion criteria for the GALACTIC‐HF trial and, despite being on GDMT, had hospitalization rates similar to those not taking GDMT, suggesting potential benefits from other innovative treatments.
Risk Factors, Subsequent Disease Onset, and Prognostic Impact of Myocardial Infarction and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Camen Stephan , Csengeri Dora , Geelhoed Bastiaan , Niiranen Teemu , Gianfagna Francesco , Vishram‐Nielsen Julie K. , Costanzo Simona , Söderberg Stefan , Vartiainen Erkki , Börschel Christin S. , Donati Maria Benedetta , Løchen Maja‐Lisa , Ojeda Francisco M. , Kontto Jukka , Mathiesen Ellisiv B. , Jensen Steen , Koenig Wolfgang , Kee Frank , de Gaetano Giovanni , Zeller Tanja , Jørgensen Torben , Tunstall‐Pedoe Hugh , Blankenberg Stefan , Kuulasmaa Kari , Linneberg Allan , Salomaa Veikko , Iacoviello Licia , Schnabel Renate B. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Although myocardial infarction (MI) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are frequent comorbidities and share common cardiovascular risk factors, the direction and strength of the association of the risk factors with disease onset, subsequent disease incidence, and mortality are not completely understood.

Methods and Results
In pooled multivariable Cox regression analyses, we examined temporal relations of disease onset and identified predictors of MI, AF, and all‐cause mortality in 108 363 individuals (median age, 46.0 years; 48.2% men) free of MI and AF at baseline from 6 European population‐based cohorts. During a maximum follow‐up of 10.0 years, 3558 (3.3%) individuals were diagnosed exclusively with MI, 1922 (1.8%) with AF but no MI, and 491 (0.5%) individuals developed both MI and AF. Association of sex, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, and diabetes appeared to be stronger with incident MI than with AF, whereas increasing age and body mass index showed a higher risk for incident AF. Total cholesterol and daily smoking were significantly related to incident MI but not AF. Combined population attributable fraction of cardiovascular risk factors was >70% for incident MI, whereas it was only 27% for AF. Subsequent MI after AF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.68; 95% CI, 1.03–2.74) and subsequent AF after MI (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.31–2.34) both significantly increased overall mortality risk.

Conclusions
We observed different associations of cardiovascular risk factors with both diseases indicating distinct pathophysiological pathways. Subsequent diagnoses of MI and AF significantly increased mortality risk.