bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Homodimerization of Brominated Polystyrene Chains
Authors: Basler Eleanor D. , Chong Jaden L. , Heath Chloe M. , Ching Katie S. , Jennett Shelby T. , Tillman Eric S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA nickel‐based catalytic system leading to high yields (≈80%) of polymer chain coupling has been developed. The extent of coupling (Xc) is found to be relatively high (>75%) and consistent across a wide range of catalyst loadings (0.1 – 1.0 equivalent with respect to the chain end), comparing favorably with other chain‐end joining methods. A mechanistic cycle is proposed to occur with benzylic chain‐end radical intermediates, consistent with the addition of a nitroso radical trap substantially lowering coupling yields. The effect of the polymer chain end (Cl vs Br) and the halide associated with the nickel catalyst is also probed.
Genetic and clinical characteristics of 24 mainland Chinese patients with CTNNB1 loss‐of‐function variants
Authors: Yan Dan , Sun Yu , Xu Na , Yu Yongguo , Zhan Yongkun ,   the Mainland Chinese League of NEDSDV Rare Disease
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurodevelopmental disorder with spastic diplegia and visual defects (NEDSDV) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome, which is caused by the heterozygous germline loss‐of‐function variants in CTNNB1.MethodsWe evaluated the clinical and genetic findings of 24 previously undescribed Chinese patients affected by CTNNB1‐related disorders and explored the possible ethnicity‐related phenotypic variations.ResultsTwenty‐one loss‐of‐function variants were identified within these 24 NEDSDV patients, including 14 novel CTNNB1 variants and 7 recurrent ones. The prominent clinical manifestations in our cohort are developmental delay/intellectual disability (100%), motor delay (100%), speech impairment (100%), dystonia (87.5%) and microcephaly (69.6%). The common facial dysmorphisms were consistent with previous reports, including wide nasal bridge (58.3%), bulbous nose (45.8%), long philtrum (45.8%) and thin upper lip (45.8%). In addition, 19 patients (79.2%) in our cohort had mild visual defects, while one affected individual (4.2%) had familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Notably, we discovered that 20 patients (83.3%) exhibited various behavioral abnormalities, which is described in Chinese patients for the first time.ConclusionWe provided the largest known Chinese cohort with pathogenic CTNNB1 variants, which not only helps to expand the variant spectrum of CTNNB1 gene, but further delineates the typical phenotype of this disorder in Chinese population.
Comparison of the performance of a microwave plasma torch and a gliding arc plasma for hydrogen production via methane pyrolysis
Authors: Kreuznacht Simon , Purcel Maximilian , Böddeker Simon , Awakowicz Peter , Xia Wei , Muhler Martin , Böke Marc , Keudell Achim von 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrogen production via plasma methane pyrolysis is investigated using a microwave plasma torch (MPT) and a gliding arc plasmatron (GAP). The performance of the two plasma sources in terms of methane conversion, product spectrum, and energy efficiency is compared. The physical and chemical properties of the produced carbon particles are compared. The methane conversion is higher in the GAP than in the MPT. In the MPT amorphous spherical carbon particles are produced in the volume of the plasma source. In the GAP methane pyrolysis in the volume stops after the production of acetylene. The conversion of acetylene into solid carbon takes place in a heterogeneous reaction on top of the electrode surfaces instead. This leads to a lower hydrogen selectivity, higher acetylene selectivity and more platelet‐like morphology of the produced carbon particles when compared to the MPT.
Molecular basis for thermal stability and affinity in a VHH: Contribution of the framework region and its influence in the conformation of the CDR3
Authors: Kinoshita Seisho , Nakakido Makoto , Mori Chinatsu , Kuroda Daisuke , Caaveiro Jose M.M. , Tsumoto Kouhei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe camelid single domain antibody, referred to VHH or Nanobody, is considered a versatile tool for various biotechnological and clinical applications because of its favorable biophysical properties. To take advantage of these characteristics and for its application in biotechnology and therapy, research on VHH engineering is currently vigorously conducted. To humanize a camelid VHH, we performed complementarity determining region (CDR) grafting using a humanized VHH currently in clinical trials, and investigated the effects of these changes on the biophysical properties of the resulting VHH. The chimeric VHH exhibited a significant decrease in affinity and thermal stability and a large conformational change in the CDR3. To elucidate the molecular basis for these changes, we performed mutational analyses on the framework regions revealing the contribution of individual residues within the framework region. It is demonstrated that the mutations resulted in the loss of affinity and lower thermal stability, revealing the significance of bulky residues in the vicinity of the CDR3, and the importance of intramolecular interactions between the CDR3 and the framework‐2 region. Subsequently, we performed back‐mutational analyses on the chimeric VHH. Back‐mutations resulted in an increase of the thermal stability and affinity. These data suggested that back‐mutations restored the intramolecular interactions, and proper positioning and/or dynamics of the CDR3, resulting in the gain of thermal stability and affinity. These observations revealed the molecular contribution of the framework region on VHHs and further designability of the framework region of VHHs without modifying the CDRs.
Structure and specificity of an anti‐chloramphenicol single domain antibody for detection of amphenicol residues
Authors: Swofford Charles A. , Nordeen Sarah A. , Chen Lu , Desai Mahaam M , Chen Joanna , Springs Stacy L. , Schwartz Thomas U. , Sinskey Anthony J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntibiotics in aquaculture prevent bacterial infection of fish, but their misuse is a public health risk and contributes to the unintentional creation of multiresistant pathogens. Regulatory agencies cannot do the rigorous, expensive testing required to keep up with the volume of seafood shipments. Current rapid test kits for these drugs enable the increase in testing needed for adequate monitoring of food supply chains, but they lack a high degree of accuracy. To combat this, we set out to discover and engineer single‐domain antibodies (VHHs) that bind to small molecule antibiotics, and that can be used in rapid test kits. The small size, solubility, and stability of VHHs are useful properties that can improve the reliability and shelf‐life of test kits for these adulterants. Here, we report a novel anti‐chloramphenicol VHH (Chl‐VHH) with a disassociation constant of 57 nM. This was achieved by immunizing a llama against a chloramphenicol‐keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate and screening for high affinity binders through phage display. The crystal structure of the bound‐VHH to chloramphenicol was key to identifying a mutation in the binding pocket that resulted in a 16‐fold improvement in binding affinity. In addition, the structure provides new insights into VHH‐hapten interactions that can guide future engineering of VHHs against additional targets.
Are green resource productivity and environmental technologies the face of environmental sustainability in the Nordic region?
Authors: Alola Andrew Adewale , Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study examines whether the raw material productivity, export intensification, and environmental‐related technologies in the Nordic region (i.e., Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) drives the region's carbon neutrality target. By adopting both symmetric and asymmetric empirical approaches over the period 1990–2019, the study found that positive and negative shifts in environmental‐related technologies mitigates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the region with the former causing a larger impact. Furthermore, the findings reveal that a positive shift in raw material productivity mitigates GHG emissions while a negative shift in raw material productivity causes a surge in GHG emissions especially in the long‐run. Moreover, a positive (negative) shift in export intensity yields a decline (upsurge) in GHG emissions in the long‐run. In the symmetric framework, in both long‐ and short‐run, the result reveals that economic growth upsurges GHG emissions while raw material productivity for green growth and environmental‐related technologies mitigates GHG emissions. This demonstrates the efficient raw material productivity profile of the Nordic countries. Alongside the Granger causality inference, the result further informs that energy intensity is crucial to curbing GHG emissions in the region. Thus, the result from the study offers relevant policy instructions.
Seaweed as a Potential New Source for Starch, Produced in the Sea: A Short Review
Authors: Tagliapietra Bruna Lago , Borges Lara Aguiar , Ferreira Nadson Libio Bezerra , Clerici Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe social concern with sustainable development encourages the study of new sources of starch; among these sources, the cultivation of macroalgae is a strategy for the development of a sustainable bioeconomy. This mini‐review aims to present the main aspects related to the current seaweed market, the extraction, composition, and properties of starch, as well as its prospects as a sustainable ingredient capable of generating income and health for the world's population. The green algae species Ulva has been suggested as a promising source for starch extraction; however extraction is a challenge mainly due to the difficulty in breaking down the cell walls and isolating the starch granules. The algal starch granule is small (1.7–7 µm), and another characteristic is the high amylose content, above 55%, which may indicate that it is a resistant starch or slow digestion. Seaweed starch still needs to be scaled its production, extraction, and application potential, as a main ingredient or as a co‐product of gum processing, which already have a production chain, as they have great potential as nutraceutical or functional starch for food of low calorie, or for applications as a thickener in the food, cosmetics, and other industries.
Identity across the STEM ecosystem: Perspectives of youth, informal educators, and classroom teachers
Authors: Wade‐Jaimes Katherine , Ayers Kate , Pennella Robyn A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOut of school time (OST) STEM opportunities are often presented as ways to support student achievement, understanding, and identity in STEM. Recent work has begun to explore how OST programs function within the STEM Learning Ecosystem, a holistic view of the various STEM learning opportunities available to youth in a given area. In order to increase understanding of how microcontexts impact the STEM Learning Ecosystem, this study explores the experiences and perspectives of three groups of participants in a network of after school STEM Clubs: youth participants, college student facilitators, and sponsor teachers. Based on interviews with all three groups, results of comparative case study analysis revealed two cases: Narrowed STEM and Expanded STEM. Youth in the Narrowed STEM case had traditional perspectives of STEM as hard, for smart people, and related to behavior; made only weak or no connections between STEM in different contexts; and had tentative STEM identities. Youth in the expanded STEM case had more active perspectives of STEM as exploration and problem solving, saw clear connections across contexts, and had decisive STEM identities. Critical Discourse Analysis was used to show how facilitators and club sponsors negotiated macro‐level discourses of STEM and urban education in ways that aligned with youth views and influenced interpretations of the STEM Club. We highlight a need for critical and multiscalar evaluation of STEM Learning Ecosystems, particularly in urban areas, so that learning opportunities are available to all students, particularly those from groups historically excluded from science and STEM.
Examples of Advanced Concepts
Authors: Hendricks John S. , Swinhoe Martyn T. , Favalli Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPerhaps the two most abstract concepts in Monte Carlo sampling are variance reduction and next-event estimators. Variance reduction techniques enable significant enhancement of statistical convergence. They are then illustrated with safeguard examples of a lead slowing-down spectrometer and a Cf shuffler using weight windows, time splitting, and other techniques. Next-event estimators enable robust calculation of highly improbable events and challenging problems such as distributed sources in a UF6 enrichment cask model. Advanced methods are also required to model various safeguard detectors. These are illustrated with 3He pulse-height tallies, 3He coincidence tallies, and 10Be-lined detectors for 3He replacement.
Freiwilliges Engagement älterer Menschen in Deutschland
Authors: Müntefering Franz 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag soll es ausdrücklich um das zivilgesellschaftliche Engagement gehen. Dieses ist ein wichtiger Teil des Lebens, nicht weniger wichtig als das Berufsleben, aber anders. Es ist nicht randständig. Es ist nicht beliebiges Beiwerk. Es ist nicht schrumpfend, jedenfalls sollte es das nicht sein. Es gewinnt eher an Gewicht, wenn der Anteil des beruflichen Lebens auch infolge der wachsenden individuellen Lebenserwartung abnimmt. Es macht jedenfalls Sinn, sich die Rolle des freiwilligen Engagements in unserem Leben, in unseren Gesellschaften und in unseren Demokratien immer einmal wieder bewusst zu machen und dies nicht dem blanken Zufall zu überlassen.
Improved theory predictions and global analysis of exclusive b → sμ+μ− processes
Authors: Gubernari Nico , Reboud Méril , van Dyk Danny , Virto Javier 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We provide improved Standard Model theory predictions for the exclusive rare semimuonic processes B → K(*)μ+μ− and Bs → ϕμ+μ−. Our results are based on a novel parametrization of the non-local form factors, which manifestly respects a recently developed dispersive bound. We critically compare our predictions to those obtained in the framework of QCD factorization. Our predictions provide, for the first time, parametric estimates of the systematic uncertainties due to non-local contributions. Comparing our predictions within the Standard Model to available experimental data, we find a large tension for B → Kμ+μ−. A simple model-independent analysis of potential effects beyond the Standard Model yields results compatible with other approaches, albeit with larger uncertainties for the B → K*μ+μ− and Bs → ϕμ+μ− decays. Our approach yields systematically improvable predictions, and we look forward to its application in further analyses beyond the Standard Model.
From tree- to loop-simplicity in affine Toda theories I: Landau singularities and their subleading coefficients
Authors: Dorey Patrick , Polvara Davide 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Various features of the even order poles appearing in the S-matrices of simply-laced affine Toda field theories are analysed in some detail. In particular, the coefficients of first- and second-order singularities appearing in the Laurent expansion of the S-matrix around a general 2Nth order pole are derived in a universal way using perturbation theory at one loop. We show how to cut loop diagrams contributing to the pole into particular products of tree-level graphs that depend on the on-shell geometry of the loop; in this way, we recover the coefficients of the Laurent expansion around the pole exploiting tree-level integrability properties of the theory. The analysis is independent of the particular simply-laced theory considered, and all the results agree with those obtained in the conjectured bootstrapped S-matrices of the ADE series of theories.
The German Arthroscopy Registry DART: what has happened after 5 years?
Authors: Hinz Maximilian , Lutter Christoph , Mueller-Rath Ralf , Niemeyer Philipp , Miltner Oliver , Tischer Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The German Arthroscopy Registry (DART) has been initiated in 2017 with the aim to collect real-life data of patients undergoing knee, shoulder, hip or ankle surgery. The purpose of this study was to present an overview of the current status and the collected data thus far.

Methods
Data entered between 11/2017 and 01/2022 were analyzed. The number of cases (each case is defined as a single operation with or without concomitant procedures) entered for each joint, follow-up rates and trends between different age groups (18–29 years, 30–44 years, 45–64 years,  ≥ 65 years) and across genders, and quality of life improvement (pre- vs. 1 year postoperative EQ visual analogue scale [EQ-VAS]) for frequently performed procedures (medial meniscus repair [MMR] vs. rotator cuff repair [RCR] vs. microfracturing of the talus [MFX-T]) were investigated.

Results
Overall, 6651 cases were entered into DART, forming three distinct modules classified by joint (5370 knee, 1053 shoulder and 228 ankle cases). The most commonly entered procedures were: knee: partial medial meniscectomy (n = 2089), chondroplasty (n = 1389), anterior cruicate ligament reconstruction with hamstring autograft (n = 880); shoulder: sub acromial decompression (n = 631), bursectomy (n = 385), RCR (n = 359); ankle: partial synovectomy (n = 117), tibial osteophyte resection (n = 72), loose body removal (n = 48). In the knee and shoulder modules, middle-aged patients were the predominant age group, whereas in the ankle module, the youngest age group was the most frequent one. The two oldest age groups had the highest 1-year follow-up rates across all modules. In the knee and shoulder module, 1-year follow-up rates were higher in female patients, whereas follow-up rates were higher in male patients in the ankle module. From pre- to 1-year postoperative, MFX-T (EQ-VAS: 50.0 [25–75% interquartile range: 31.8–71.5] to 75.0 [54.3–84.3]; ∆ + 25.0) led to a comparably larger improvement in quality of life than did MMR (EQ-VAS: 70.0 [50.0–80.0] to 85.0 [70.0–94.0]; ∆ + 15.0) or RCR (EQ-VAS: 67.0 [50.0–80.0] to 85.0 [70.0–95.0]; ∆ + 18.0).

Conclusion
DART has been sufficiently established and collects high-quality patient-related data with satisfactory follow-up allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the collected data. The current focus lies on improving patient enrolment and follow-up rates as well as initiating the hip module.
Deinococcus taeanensis sp. nov., a Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Isolated from a Coastal Dune
Authors: Lee Ji Hee , Jung Jong-Hyun , Kim Min-Kyu , Lim Sangyong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA Gram-stain-negative, nonspore-forming, nonmotile, aerobic, rod-shaped, and very pale orange-colored bacterial strain, designated TS293T, was isolated from a sand sample obtained from a coastal dune after exposure to 3kGy of gamma (γ)-radiation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate was a member of the genus Deinococcus and clustered with D. deserti VCD115T. The genome of strain TS293T was 4.62 Mbp long (68.2% G + C content and 4124 predicted genes) divided into a 2.86Mb main chromosome and five plasmids. Many genes considered to be important to the γ-radiation and oxidative stress resistance of Deinococcus were conserved in TS293T, but genome features that could differentiate TS293T from D. deserti and D. radiodurans, the type species of the Deinococcus genus, were also detected. Strain TS293T showed resistance to γ-radiation with D10 values (i.e., the dose required to reduce the bacterial population by tenfold) of 3.1kGy. The predominant fatty acids of strain TS293T were summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c and/or C16:1ω7c) and iso-C16:0. The major polar lipids were two unidentified phosphoglycolipids and one unidentified glycolipid. The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-8. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain TS293T represents a novel species, for which the name Deinococcus taeanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TS293T (= KCTC 43191T = JCM 34027T).
Lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) showed a lower risk of failure compared to medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the Register of Prosthetic Orthopedic Implants (RIPO)
Authors: Alesi Domenico , Bordini Barbara , Fratini Stefano , Ancarani Cristina , Agostinone Piero , Grassi Alberto , Marcheggiani Muccioli Giulio Maria , Viceconti Marco , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The present study aimed to investigate differences in survivorship between medial and lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) by analyzing the data of an Italian regional registry. The hypothesis was that, according to recent literature, lateral implants have comparable survivorship with regard to the medial implants.

Materials and methods
The Register of Orthopaedic Prosthetic Implants (RIPO) of Emilia-Romagna (Italy) database was searched for all UKAs between July 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019. For both cohorts, subject demographics and reasons for revision were presented as a percentage of the total cohort. Kaplan–Meier survivorship analysis was performed using revision of any component as the endpoint and survival times of unrevised UKAs taken as the last observation date (December 31, 2019, or date of death).

Results
Patients living outside the region and symmetrical implants (which do not allow the compartment operated to be traced) were excluded. 5571 UKAs implanted on 5172 patients (5215 medial UKAs and 356 lateral UKAs) were included in the study. The survivorship analysis revealed 13 failures out of 356 lateral UKAs (3.7%) at a mean follow-up of 6.3 years and 495 failures out of 5215 medial UKAs (9.5%) at a mean follow-up of 6.7 years. The medial UKAs had a significantly higher risk of failure, with a Hazard Ratio of 2.6 (CI 95% 1.6–4.8; p < 0.001), adjusted for age, gender, weight, and mobility of the insert. Both the groups revealed a good survival rate, with 95.2% of lateral implants and 87.5% of medial implants still in situ at 10 years of follow-up.

Conclusions
Lateral UKA is a safe procedure showing longer survivorship than medial UKAs (95.2% and 87.5% at 10 years, respectively) in the present study.

Level of evidence
Level 3, therapeutic study.
Magnesium recovery from seawater desalination brines: a technical review
Authors: Fontana Danilo , Forte Federica , Pietrantonio Massimiliana , Pucciarmati Stefano , Marcoaldi Caterina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExisting desalination technologies produce large amount of waste brines with higher salinity concentration than feed seawater, the disposal of which pose serious environmental problems. At the same time, waste brines represent a valuable source of strategic materials—such as magnesium—and therefore their valorization offers the opportunity to overtake both the environmental and the economic issues. Current needs are to identify gaps and challenges to recover secondary magnesium in order to bring recovery technologies closer to the market for potential commercial applications. In this technical review, the available methods for magnesium recovery from seawater desalination brines are described and compared in details, to provide the readers with a wide overview to better address their research efforts towards resources valorization, in accordance with the circular economy principles.
Graphical abstract