bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Situasi Gamelan Solo Raya: Studi Kasus Gamelan Kyai Rejeki di Kabupaten Boyolali
Authors: Saputra Novyandi 
Published: March 2022

IntisariSolo Raya merupakan daerah basis gamelan. Gamelan tersebar dan menjadi bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari kehidupan masyarakatnya. Salah satunya adalah keberadaan gamelan Kyai Rejeki atau gamelan Gombang yang bergaya semarangan di desa Gombang kecamatan Sawit kabupaten Boyolali. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi frekuensi, jangkah nada-nada dan satu gembyangan dari gamelan Kyai Rejeki (Gamelan Gombang). Pada penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dan metode kuantitaif sebagai metode bantu dalam peghitungan sistem nada. Observasi, wawancara dan data ukur menjadi data fundamental yang digunakan selama penelitian. Gamelan kyai Rejeki atau yang lebih akrab disebut gamelan Gombang merupakan salah satu gamelan terkemuka dan yang menjadi patron atau babonan gamelan-gamelan yang ada di sekitar kabupaten Boyolali sampai daerah Klaten dengan gaya semarangan. Gamelan kyai rejeki merupakan gamelan gaya semarangan dengan kebanyakan permainanannya berada pada wilayah nada tinggi termasuk dalam hal garapan. Penelitian ini berhasil mengidetifikasi sistem nada, jarak antar nada dan gembyangan. Peneliti juga menemukan adanya kebiasaan permainan dan garapan gamelan ini berada pada wilayah nada-nada yang tinggi.Kata kunci: gamelan kyai rejeki, gombang, sistem laras, slendro, boyolali AbstractSolo Raya is a gamelan base area. Gamelan spread and became an inseparable part of people's lives. One of them is the existence of the Kyai Rejeki gamelan or Gombang gamelan with semarangan style in Gombang village, Sawit sub-district, Boyolali district. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency, range of notes and one gembyangan of the Kyai Rejeki Gamelan (Gombang Gamelan). In this study, researchers used qualitative methods and quantitative methods as auxiliary methods in calculating the tone system. Observations, interviews and measurement data became the fundamental data used during the research. Kyai Rejeki Gamelan or more familiarly called Gombang Gamelan is one of the leading gamelan and the patron or babonan of gamelan around Boyolali district to Klaten area with semarangan style. Kyai Rejeki gamelan is a Semarangan style gamelan with most of its playing in the high-pitched region, including in terms of production. This study succeeded in identifying the tone system, the distance between notes and its gembyangan. The researcher also found that the habit of producing and playing this gamelan was in the high-pitched region.Keywords: kyai rejeki gamelan, gombang, tuning system, slendro, boyolali
Recommendations from the ICM-VTE: Hip & Knee
Authors:   The ICM-VTE Hip & Knee Delegates
Published: March 2022

Update
This article was updated on June 17, 2022, because of a previous error. In the note on page 231, the name “Armin Arish” now reads “Armin Arshi.”
An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022 Aug 3;104(15):e70.
Improved Radiation Exposure Monitoring of Orthopaedic Residents After Institution of a Personalized Lead Protocol
Authors: Massey Patrick A. , Myers Mitchell E. , Guedry Ryan D. , Lowery Michael T. , Perry Kevin J. , Barton R. Shane 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Radiation exposure of orthopaedic residents should be accurately monitored to monitor and mitigate risk. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a personalized lead protocol (PLP) with a radiation monitoring officer would improve radiation exposure monitoring of orthopaedic surgery residents.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective case-control study of 15 orthopaedic surgery residents monitored for radiation exposure during a 2-year period (March 2017 until February 2019). During the first 12-month period (phase 1), residents were given monthly radiation dosimeter badges and instructed to attach them daily to the communal lead aprons hanging outside the operating rooms. During the second 12-month period (phase 2), a PLP (PLP group) was instituted in which residents were given lead aprons embroidered with their individual names. A radiation safety officer was appointed who placed the badges monthly on all lead aprons and collected them at the end of the month, whereas faculty ensured residents wore their personalized lead apron. Data collected included fluoroscopy use time and radiation dosimeter readings during all orthopaedic surgeries in the study period.

Results:
There were 1,252 orthopaedic surgeries using fluoroscopy during phase 1 in the control group and 1,269 during phase 2 in the PLP group. The total monthly fluoroscopy exposure time for all cases averaged 190 minutes during phase 1 and 169 minutes during phase 2, with no significant difference between the groups (p < 0.45). During phase 1, 73.1% of the dosimeters reported radiation exposure, whereas during phase 2, 88.7% of the dosimeters reported radiation exposure (p < 0.001). During phase 1, the average monthly resident dosimeter exposure reading was 7.26 millirems (mrem) ± 37.07, vs. 19.00 mrem ± 51.16 during phase 2, which was significantly higher (p < 0.036).

Conclusions:
Institution of a PLP increased the compliance and exposure readings of radiation dosimeter badges for orthopaedic surgery residents, whereas the actual monthly fluoroscopy time did not change. Teaching hospitals should consider implementing a PLP to more accurately monitor exposure.

Level of Evidence:
3.
Gas Well Deliquification Strategy in Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Veeken Cornelis , Al-Rashdi Ahmed , Al-Hashami Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PDO is operating some 600 gas wells in the Sultanate of Oman and almost all these gas wells will experience liquid loading during their production life. Surface depletion compression and gas well deliquification are essential to sustain stable production and to maximize ultimate gas recovery. This paper provides an overview of the deliquification measures that are assessed, adapted and implemented in PDO, and describes how to select the best suitable combination of deliquification measures based on well specific reservoir, inflow and outflow parameters.
Successful Polymer Flood Pilot Application in Lower Permeability Heterogeneous Sandstone Reservoir in the South of the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Sulaimani Hanaa , Al-Rawahi Zainab , Velazco Quesada Conny , Anand Adi , Hemink Gijs , Frumau Mervin , Al-Hussaini Azza , Syed Muhammad , Al-Zadjali Ruqaya , Mahajan Sandeep , Al-Yahyai Ahmed , Al-Mahrooqi Majid , Ajmi Jasim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper summarizes the performance of a polymer flood pilot conducted in an unconsolidated sandstone reservoir in the South of the Sultanate of Oman with the objective of extending the envelope of polymer flood applications to lower permeability (average 100mD) and highly heterogeneous reservoirs. The water flood baseline phase performance was presented previously in paper SPE-188408 where the connectivity of the patterns together with injectivity were established prior to polymer injection.
The main objectives of the pilot were to test ability to sustain injectivity of polymer into this particular reservoir, achieve sufficient water-cut reversal (10% or more), monitor polymer efficiency and evaluate operational impact on facilities due to sand production which was expected to increase with polymer flood.
Several lab tests along with a previous polymer injectivity trial data were fed into the selection of the appropriate polymer and injection design for this reservoir type. The pilot pattern layout consisted of an inverted five spot with injector-producer spacing of 75m. The injector was equipped with fiber optics for data acquisition and real time surveillance. Polymer injection commenced in December 2017 using relatively low molecular weight HPAM3430. The plan was to inject polymer for a year and evaluate the performance for a potential field scale development.
The fiber optics data acquisition has demonstrated clearly the injection conformance improvement during the switch from water injection to polymer. In addition, around 10% of incremental oil recovery was obtained with an average water cut reversal of 12% across the pattern where the total pattern recovery was over 30% (including the waterflood). In terms of sand production, no noticeable impact was found on the facilities from sand production due to the polymer. The pilot performance exceeded the pilot success criteria that were set prior to commencing the polymer injection in terms of water-cut reversal and incremental recovery over the waterflood and fall in line with the modeled high-end scenario.
Condensate Stabilizer Flooding Diagnosis
Authors: Al Sabri Abdullah , Dua Vipin , Abeebur Rahman Wasik , Idris Mufleh , Hameed Muddassir , Kindi Abdullah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Condensate stabilizers at PDO Saih Rawl Central Processing Plant experienced severe pre-mature flooding causing process upsets and Operational difficulties. Conventional steady state simulations and tray hydraulics could not suggest actual causes. The purpose of the proposed paper is to present the methods followed in analyzing the flooding issue and identified solutions.
Initially, the flooding issue was analyzed by carrying out steady state process simulation with latest feed composition and tray adequacy checks in consultation with the tray supplier. The study concluded the existing hardware is adequate, jet flooding limit and down comer flooding levels well within acceptable limits. The study recommended only few adjustments in Operating conditions to resolve the issue. As part of verification, alternate tray suppliers were also approached to carry out tray hydraulic checks and found no concerns.
Subsequently, the column was subjected to gamma ray scan during normal operation and a scanning was repeated after simulating a flooding inside the column. Coupled with gamma ray scanning results, a tray by tray by simulation was carried out to ascertain the flooding the phenomena.
Gamma ray scan revealed the condition of the column internals, liquid heights and froth level during normal operation as well as during simulated upset conditions. Even though the trays were in good conditions, bottom few trays showed higher liquid height during normal operation itself. Along with the results from Gamma ray scanning, process simulation results and investigation of Operating conditions revealed the possible reasons for the flooding issue. The study predicted a temperature dip in few trays and further rise somewhere near the column top, which is unusual for a distillation column. This is the resultant of different feed ratios from the original design and one of the feed to the column is estimated to be below 5 °C, which is too cold compared to column profile. Based on the results, options were developed to alleviate the flooding issue without compromising the production capabilities of the column profile.
The nature of flooding experienced inside the column handling different feeds and large variation in temperatures is unique with the condensate stabilizers. Conventional full column steady state simulation and tray sizing were not adequate for investigating problem. It needed, gamma ray scanning while the column is in normal operation and during simulated flooding condition.
Brownfield Waterflood Management - Strategic Implementation of Field Trial Learning, South Oman
Authors: Abri Yaqoob , Choudhury Suryyendu , Harthi Mohamood , Anbari Ali , Lawati Ali , Ghatrifi Suhaib , Sabahi Atiya , Mahrooqi Iman , Marpaung Billman , Busaidi Hamood , Harthy Khalfan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Waterflood response in a brownfield with complex reservoir dynamics have significantly delayed the expected water injection response in Field ‘A’. The field is one of the highest oil producers in Oman South, spead over ~37 Km2, with more than 400 active wells, contributing &gt; 90,000 BoE/d over the last 3 decades. The field is producing under strong bottom aquifer water drive and improved oil recovery waterflood. Current field development is focused in drilling horizontal in-fill wells and maximize recovery through well reservoir and facility management (WRFM). Production is from a combination of Mahwis aeolian and Al Khlata glacial reservoir formations. Sub-surface challenges are to arrest pressure decline, enhance sweep efficiency, ramp-up water injection (target &gt; 440,000 BoE/d), and source additional water and manage complex operations. The produced water from oil producing wells post treatment gets re-injected into the aquifer ~100m below oil water contact (‘Deep Injection’) with 38 vertical injectors. This ‘Deep Injection’ albeit have prolonged water breakthrough has yet not delivered the optimum oil drive efficiency. One of the key subsurface challenge is the unfavorable mobility contrast between the oil and water causing early water breakthrough. Field wide variable mobility contrast, presence of intra reservoir baffles and enlarged size of the aquifer compared the legacy model assumptions triggered a transformation of the improved recovery strategy of the field – both short term and longer term. More effective injection strategy through ‘Field Trials’ have now been deployed (viz. ‘Water Re-Distribution’, ‘Make-up Water Diversion’ and ‘Shallow Injection’) over the last two years. Initial response from these trials shows encouraging results in terms of pressure support and sweep efficiency. Learning from the trails are incorporated in the future development and asset management strategy.
This paper highlights the ‘Field Trials’ – practical approaches implemented to manage and optimize the field performamance. In a cost competitive low oil price time the team focused in enhancing efficient and impactful trials which yields short-term production gains keeping in mind the longer term persepective.
Surfactant-Polymer Compatibility in Bulk and Static Conditions vs. Confined and Under Flow Conditions
Authors: Marliere Claire , Miralles Vincent , Morgand Claire , Rome Virginie , Le Bris Aymerick , Guilloteau Chloé , Courtaud Tiphaine , Rousseau David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of surfactant-polymer (SP) formulation design is to simultaneously achieve ultra-low interfacial tension and good mobility ratio. However, in some cases, the presence of both polymer and surfactant can cause compatibility issues leading to a cloudy or even demixing solution. Until now, those observations were made in bulk conditions but the assessment of this behavior has not been studied in confined and under flow conditions.
Three SP compatibility cases were selected using the same SP formulation and playing on the brine salinity (low, medium and high). Bulk and kinetic studies based on solubility, viscosity and cryo-TEM were performed prior to monophasic injections carried out in a transparent micromodel representing a 2D rock porous medium and in a coreflood rig with a 3D outcrop rock. The observation in micromodel was performed using an optical microscope under polarized light to visualize the physical structure of the SP formulations. The pressure drop along the core was monitored during coreflood experiments to measure the mobility reduction entailed by the injected solution.
In bulk conditions it is shown that increasing the solution salinity leads, after a few to several days depending on the solution's volume, to a degradation of the SP compatibility or even demixing. This behavior can be attributed to depletion effects. In this case, depletion is due to the formation of surfactant vesicles (hundreds of namometers in size) that tend to aggregate in the presence of polymer molecules.
As expected, injection of the compatible SP solution (at low salinity) in the 2D porous medium micromodel and in the outcrop rock led to an easy in-depth transport, namely mobility reduction compatible with the viscosity of the solution. More interestingly, the same formulation at higher salinity exhibited a deposit of SP aggregates having a crystalline structure when injected in the micromodel. However, this formulation at high salinity did not show any issue in terms of mobility reduction when injected in the outcrop rock as the mobility reduction stabilized rapidly at a value close to the relative viscosity of the solution. These results highlight that the presence of a demixing phase does not always induce propagation issues in cores and that some cloudy SP solutions could be injected without causing any pressure increase.
The objective of this study was to correlate the bulk behavior of SP formulations showing respectively good and poor compatibilities with their performance in confined and under flow conditions. It has been proved that a poor compatibility in bulk does not always induce transport issues when the solution is injected in porous medium, despite the deposit of structured aggregates in some pores.
Well Revival in an Offshore Marginal Field Using Through Tubing Straddle Gas Lift Technology - A Case Study
Authors: Vijay Rachit , Khanna Manu , Sarma PJ 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
LG is a marginal offshore field lying in the west coast of India. Well A and B in field LG were completed using 4 ½ - in and 3 ½ - in single-string multizone completion intersecting gas and oil-bearing zones. During the initial phase of its production, the wells only produced gas, until the oil-bearing sands were perforated, and the wells produced commingled gas and oil. These wells had been flowing naturally on self-drive and recently ceased to flow after showing gradual decline in their production. The diagnosis suggested a failure of Vertical Lift Performance (VLP) indicating a need to change the production technique and possibly a need for artificial lift in the wells to bring them online.
The paper discusses an innovative and cost-effective approach involving the implementation of through-tubing mechanical straddle pack-off with gas lift assistance to bring the wells back to production and increasing the overall recovery from the field.
A detailed analysis of the various techniques for bringing the well online was evaluated keeping in mind the associated cost and time for each method. The considerations lead to the plan of introducing gas lift as an artificial lift method for these wells. Wells A and B were not equipped with any gas lift mandrel for introducing artificial gas lift. Workover for these wells would result in higher cost, time & risk factors for the wells. The economic viability of such a workover was not justifiable given the incremental production anticipated.
After performing a detailed technical and economic analysis, the decision was made to implement a through-tubing gas lift technique using a straddle packer conveyed on slickline across the circulation Sliding Sleeve Door (SSD). The straddle pack-off was to be introduced in the existing 4 ½ - in and 3 ½ - in production tubing with internally mounted gas lift mandrels/orifice valves. Detailed modelling was performed to determine the correct orifice size for different lift parameters.
The operations in candidate wells A and B were successfully conducted and the surface setup for the gas lift was installed. The mechanical pack-off was set at the desired depths without any issue, and the gas was injected through the annulus leading to instantaneous production from the well. The total operations period was minimal as compared to the workover operations, far safer and more cost-effective for the production enhancement achieved.
This paper describes the job design, technique implemented, and challenges overcome during the successful activation of a theoretically dead well to 1000 BOPD production, establishing the viability of through-tubing gas lifting. Learnings from the paper will help professionals plan for such well interventions involving the use of mechanical straddle pack off for gas lift operations.
Challenges in O&G Material Selection: Experiences and Case Histories
Authors: Cavassi Paolo , Chiodini Vittorio , Franci Stefano , Torri Lucia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The paper gives an overview of recent issues in Oil & Gas material selection, as resistance to high levels of H2S, and quality control during production of Carbon Steel and Clad pipes for pipelines, with reference to real cases.
Each topic under discussion is first described showing the relevant issues in terms of materials available on the market, failure mechanisms and possible consequences during the service life. Then the challenges are analyzed by mean of a brief review based on the main and most recent corrosion related conferences. Then, making reference to case histories taken from recent offshore development projects, the Company experience is described, highlighting the technical solutions taken and the main results obtained.
The first challenge discussed is the corrosion resistance of pipeline materials for transportation of fluids with high levels of H2S. The carbon steel pipes used for large diameters pipes are commonly manufactured with the TMCP, Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Process method. In severe sour service applications they showed to be susceptible to SSC, Sulfide Stress Cracking, due to hard zones that can originate at surface during pipe manufacturing. New non-destructive tests have been developed for the detection of hard zones during pipe production. Besides, SSC tests have been performed on API 5L X52 and X60 pipes samples at H2S partial pressure higher than 10 bar, which gave surprising results.
Clad and lined pipes represent alternative materials to TMCP carbon steel, but they are expensive and only few manufacturers are available, with consequence in terms of long delivery time. Furthermore, these materials are not immune to technical problems, as the precipitation of intermetallic phases in the nickel alloy layer during heat treatment.
The paper describes the Company experience made in offshore projects where both TMCP carbon steel and clad pipes have been used for pipelines and buckle arrestors.
The corrosion and cracking problems described in the paper are relatively new, as well as the technical solutions adopted. New field experience represents additive information to existing literature.
Mukhaizna Steam Flood Project: Thermal Surveillance Practices and Log Response
Authors: AL-Qassabi Sultan , Al Rahbi Mohammed , Al Habsi Ali , Al Shaibi Rashid 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mukhaizna is a heavy oil field located in southern Oman. The heavy oil (700 to 3900 cP at reservoir conditions) was found at a true vertical depth of 2000 to 2460 ft, which is considered rather deep for a steam flood. Initial reservoir pressure was 1,300 psi, and the initial temperature was 122°F. The field has been developed with horizontal producers, vertical steam injectors, and vertical infill producers in patterns of about 67 acres in size. To date, 3000+ wells have been drilled in Mukhaizna field, and a huge amount of Petrophysical data has been acquired.
Petrophysical surveillance work provides monitoring of time lapse thermal efficiency sweeping, perforation picking strategies of hot, swept and cold zones, as well understanding open hole log response in thermal hot wells. Using this information, we were able to target the correct zones to improve the thermal sweep and increase oil production.
The first part of this paper will describe the open-hole log response in thermal wells and how perforation intervals are picked based on this log response. These perf picks were later corroborated with well production data to ensure alignment with well production performance.
The second part of this paper will present a field-specific correlation of steam quality measured at the separator with spinner surveys at wellhead injectors, aiming to estimate steam quality directly from a spinner survey without having to run a steam quality separator, which is time-consuming and involves extensive effort.