bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphatase‐independent role of phosphatase of regenerating liver in cancer progression
Authors: Funato Yosuke , Hashizume Osamu , Miki Hiroaki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) is a family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that are anchored to the plasma membrane by prenylation. They are frequently overexpressed in various types of malignant cancers and their roles in cancer progression have received considerable attention. Mutational analyses of PRLs have shown that their intrinsic phosphatase activity is dispensable for tumor formation induced by PRL overexpression in a lung metastasis model using melanoma cells. Instead, PRLs directly bind to cyclin M (CNNM) Mg2+ exporters in the plasma membrane and potently inhibit their Mg2+ export activity, resulting in an increase in intracellular Mg2+ levels. Experiments using mammalian culture cells, mice, and C. elegans have collectively revealed that dysregulation of Mg2+ levels severely affects ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels as well as the function of Ca2+‐permeable channels. Moreover, PRL overexpression altered the optimal pH for cell proliferation from normal 7.5 to acidic 6.5, which is typically observed in malignant tumors. Here, we review the phosphatase‐independent biological functions of PRLs, focusing on their interactions with CNNM Mg2+ exporters in cancer progression.
Relationships between hope, optimism, and conservation engagement
Authors: Dean Angela J. , Wilson Kerrie A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe loss and degradation of nature can lead to hopelessness and despair, which may undermine engagement in conservation actions. Emerging movements, such as that behind the organization Conservation Optimism, aim to avert potential despair of those involved in conservation. Some argue that fostering positive states, such as hope or optimism, can motivate engagement and action; however, others question whether fostering hope or optimism may inadvertently undermine perceived gravity of conservation challenges. We examined this issue by quantifying dispositional hope and optimism with a representative sample of Australians (n = 4285) and assessing their relationship with indicators of conservation engagement. We used the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in Australia as a case study. We asked participants what they could do to help the GBR, then classified their responses into 2 outcome variables: identifying climate actions (i.e., actions that tackle the main threat to the reef) and identifying plastic actions (i.e., actions that are popular among community members). We also quantified likelihood of performing these actions and appraisals of both threats and actions. One dimension of hope, hope pathways (defined by Snyder's hope theory as knowing different ways to act), was associated with greater capacity to identify climate‐related behaviors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44) and plastic reduction behaviors (OR = 1.22) and greater likelihood of adopting climate‐related actions (β = 0.20). Optimism was associated with recognition of plastic reduction behaviors only (OR = 1.22). Neither hope nor optimism undermined appraisal of conservation threats. The effects of optimism were mediated by reduced action futility, and effects of hope pathways were mediated by stronger perceptions of threats to the reef (threat appraisal) and confidence in performing useful actions (coping appraisal). Our findings suggest that dispositional hope can strengthen, rather than undermine, appraisal of conservation challenges and solutions and thereby increase conservation engagement.
Recognizing reflexivity among conservation practitioners
Authors: Pienkowski Thomas , Kiik Laur , Catalano Allison , Hazenbosch Mirjam , Izquierdo‐Tort Santiago , Khanyari Munib , Kutty Roshni , Martins Claudia , Nash Fleur , Saif Omar , Sandbrook Chris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhen deciding how to conserve biodiversity, practitioners navigate diverse missions, sometimes conflicting approaches, and uncertain trade‐offs. These choices are based not only on evidence, funders’ priorities, stakeholders’ interests, and policies, but also on practitioners’ personal experiences, backgrounds, and values. Calls for greater reflexivity—an individual or group's ability to examine themselves in relation to their actions and interactions with others—have appeared in the conservation science literature. But what role does reflexivity play in conservation practice? We explored how self‐reflection can shape how individuals and groups conserve nature. To provide examples of reflexivity in conservation practice, we conducted a year‐long series of workshop discussions and online exchanges. During these, we examined cases from the peer‐reviewed and gray literature, our own experiences, and conversations with 10 experts. Reflexivity among practitioners spanned individual and collective levels and informal and formal settings. Reflexivity also encompassed diverse themes, including practitioners’ values, emotional struggles, social identities, training, cultural backgrounds, and experiences of success and failure. Reflexive processes also have limitations, dangers, and costs. Informal and institutionalized reflexivity requires allocation of limited time and resources, can be hard to put into practice, and alone cannot solve conservation challenges. Yet, when intentionally undertaken, reflexive processes might be integrated into adaptive management cycles at multiple points, helping conservation practitioners better reach their goals. Reflexivity could also play a more transformative role in conservation by motivating practitioners to reevaluate their goals and methods entirely. Reflexivity might help the conservation movement imagine and thus work toward a better world for wildlife, people, and the conservation sector itself.
Egestion rates of microplastic fibres in fish scaled to in situ concentration and fish density
Authors: Hou Loren , McNeish Rachel , Hoellein Timothy J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicroplastics (particles <5 mm) are commonly found in aquatic organisms across taxonomic groups and ecosystems. However, the egestion rate of microplastics from aquatic organisms and how egestion rates compare to other rates of microplastic movement in the environment are sparsely documented.We fed microplastic fibres to round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus), an abundant, invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We conducted two trials where round gobies were fed microplastic‐containing food either a single time (1 day) or every day over 7 days.There was no difference in microplastic egestion rates from the 1 day or 7 day feeding trials, suggesting no impact of duration of exposure on egestion (exponential decay rate = −0.055 [±0.016SE] and −0.040 [±0.007SE], respectively). Turnover time of microplastics (i.e., average time from ingestion to egestion) in the gut ranged from 18.2 to 25.0 hr, similar to published values for other freshwater taxa.We also measured microplastics in the digestive tracts of round gobies collected directly from Lake Michigan, U.S.A. Using published values for round goby density and microplastic concentration at the study sites, we calculated areal egestion rate by round gobies (no. particles m–2 day–1), and compared it to riverine microplastic export (no. particles m–2 day–1). Both area‐based rates were of the same order of magnitude, suggesting that round goby egestion could be an important, and potentially overlooked component of microplastic dynamics at the ecosystem scale.Animal egestion is well‐known as a major component of nutrient and carbon cycling. However, direct measurements of microplastic fluxes in the environment that include animal egestion rates are uncommon. An ecosystem ecology approach is needed to meet the emerging challenge of generating microplastic budgets for freshwater environments and elsewhere, thereby informing management and mitigation of plastic pollution at a global scale.
TBK1 inhibitors enhance transfection efficiency by suppressing p62/SQSTM1 phosphorylation
Authors: Tsuchiya Megumi , Kong Weixia , Hiraoka Yasushi , Haraguchi Tokuko , Ogawa Hidesato 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDNA transfection is an essential technique in the life sciences. Non‐viral transfection reagents are widely used for transfection in basic science. However, low transfection efficiency is a problem in some cell types. This low efficiency can be primarily attributed to the intracellular degradation of transfected DNA by p62‐dependent selective autophagy, specifically by p62 phosphorylated at the S403 residue (p62‐S403‐P). To achieve efficient DNA transfection, we focused on a phosphorylation process that generates p62‐S403‐P and investigated whether inhibition of this process affects transfection efficiency. One of the kinases that phosphorylate p62 is TBK1. The TBK1 gene depletion in murine embryonic fibroblast cells by genome editing caused a significant reduction or loss of p62‐S405‐P (equivalent to human S403‐P) and enhanced transfection efficiency, suggesting that TBK1 is a major kinase that phosphorylates p62 at S403. Therefore, TBK1 is a viable target for drug treatment to increase transfection efficiency. Transfection efficiency was enhanced when cells were treated with one of the following TBK1 inhibitors BX795, MRT67307, or amlexanox. This effect was synergistically improved when the two inhibitors were used in combination. Our results indicate that TBK1 inhibitors enhanced transfection efficiency by suppressing p62 phosphorylation.
Digital headache self‐management interventions for patients with a primary headache disorder: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Noser Amy E. , Gibler Robert C. , Ramsey Rachelle R. , Wells Rebecca E. , Seng Elizabeth K. , Hommel Kevin A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis article systematically reviews the empirical literature examining the efficacy of digital headache management interventions for patients with a primary headache disorder.BackgroundDigital headache management interventions provide opportunities to improve access to behavioral headache interventions to underserved groups.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO (PsycInfo, Education Research Complete, ERIC, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection) and reference review was conducted. Included studies had to recruit a sample with a primary headache diagnosis, be a randomized controlled trial including a digital component, assess a headache outcome (i.e., frequency, duration, severity, intensity, disability) or quality of life, and be published in English. Two authors independently extracted data for included studies. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool.ResultsThirteen studies with unique interventions met inclusion criteria. More than half of the studies were pilots; however, nearly 70% (9/13) demonstrated significant between‐group or within‐group improvements on one or more headache‐related outcomes. All interventions included some form of relaxation training and the majority were delivered via interactive website. While fewer than half the studies report participant race and/or ethnicity, of those that do, 83% (5/6) reported a predominately White/Caucasian sample.ConclusionsEfficacy testing of digital headache interventions is in its infancy with the majority of these studies relying on pilot studies with small samples comprised of homogenous patient populations. Interactive websites were the most common digital medium to deliver digital headache management interventions and have demonstrated promising results. Further testing using large‐scale randomized controlled trials and exploration of other digital tools is warranted. Future studies with more diverse samples are needed to inform health equity of digital headache interventions.
The effect of a childbirth preparation program including posture correction and stretching movements on lordosis and lumbar pain
Authors: Khalegi Tahereh , Nourizadeh Roghaiyeh , Sattarzadeh‐Jahdi Niloufar , Salahzadeh Zahra , Saadi Roghaiyeh , Khalegi Rasoul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe study aimed at evaluating the effect of posture correction and stretching movements on lordosis and lumbar pain in pregnant women.BackgroundAn increased lumbar lordosis during pregnancy is considered one of the most common causes of lumbar pain.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study was performed on 66 pregnant women referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran, from November 2020 to June 2021. The participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received training of posture correction movements and stretching exercises during pregnancy from 16 to 18 to 35–37 weeks of pregnancy in six sessions for 45–60 min. The data were collected using a flexible ruler and a visual analog scale. Independent t‐tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and ANCOVA tests were used.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation: SD) of lumbar lordosis increased from 45.12 (2.07) to 54.97 (2.20) in the intervention group at 35–37 weeks and changed from 44.28 (2.03) to 55.54 (3.39) in the control group at 35–37 weeks (adjusted mean difference: −1.24, 95% confidence interval: −2.48 to −0.005, P = 0.04). The mean (SD) of lumbar pain at 28–30 weeks was 2.80 (1.72) in the intervention group and 3.74 (2.23) in the control group (P = 0.09). However, the mean (SD) of lumbar pain at 35–37 weeks in the intervention group 4.38 (2.45) was significantly lower than that in the control group 5.83 (2.96) (P = 0.04).ConclusionThis study provides evidence for the potential health benefits of training posture correction and stretching movements on controlling lumbar lordosis and reducing lumbar pain during pregnancy.
Helper innate lymphoid cells as cell therapy for cancer
Authors: Magnusson Fay C. , Bahhar Ilham 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough the first cancer immunotherapy was given in the clinic more than a century ago, this line of treatment has remained more of a distant goal than a practical therapy due to limited understanding of the tumour microenvironment and the mechanisms at play within it, which led to failures of numerous clinical trials. However, in the last two decades, the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and provided proof‐of‐concept that immunotherapies are a viable option. So far, immunotherapies have majoritarily focused on utilizing T cells; however, T cells are not autonomous but rather function as part of, and therefore are influenced by, a vast cast of other immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Here, we summarize the role of ILCs, especially helper ILCs, in tumour development, progression and metastasis, as well as their potential to be used as immunotherapy for cancer. By reviewing the studies that used helper ILCs as adoptive cell therapy (ACT), we highlight the rationale behind considering these cells as novel ACT for cancer as well as identify open questions and areas for future research.
Effects of patient deaths by suicide on clinicians working in mental health: A survey
Authors: Croft Alison , Lascelles Karen , Brand Fiona , Carbonnier Anne , Gibbons Rachel , Wolfart Gislene , Hawton Keith 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the UK, at least a quarter of suicides occurs in patients whilst under the care of mental health services. This study investigated the effects of such deaths on non‐medical mental health clinicians. An online survey was conducted within a single NHS mental health Trust to elicit both quantitative and qualitative responses from staff across a range of professions. The survey focused on personal and professional impacts and available support. Participants reported significant negative emotional and professional effects that were long‐lasting for some. These included mental health difficulties, loss of confidence regarding clinical responsibilities, and actual or contemplated career change. However, there was also some evidence of positive effects and professional growth. Support from colleagues and line managers is clearly important following deaths of patients by suicide. Clinicians' experiences of the support they had received in the workplace were polarized, suggesting that there is no single nor ideal approach that will meet everyone's needs. Participants made recommendations for the types of support that may be helpful. Most commonly, clinicians desired opportunities for focused reflection and support and help with the formal processes following the death. Sensitivity around how clinicians are notified about the death was highlighted as being particularly important. Conclusions are drawn as to how training institutions and employers can help staff to be better prepared for the potential occurrence of patient suicides and the formal processes that follow, with a view to mitigating risks of more serious harm to staff and hence indirectly to patients, and potential loss of highly trained clinicians to the workforce.
The emergence of smart service ecosystems—The role of socio‐technical antecedents and affordances
Authors: Herterich Matthias M. , Dremel Christian , Wulf Jochen , vom Brocke Jan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs physical products are increasingly augmented with digital technology, manufacturing firms have become part of the development of so‐called smart products and smart services. As such, manufacturing firms are challenged by new market participants and ecosystem partners, particularly from the software development industry, and by the dynamic nature of business relationships. While the academic literature on the distinctive characteristics of ecosystems, particularly digital ecosystems, is rich, the effect of smart service ecosystems' emergence on the foundation of smart products remains uncertain. This study reports on case study research based on 47 semi‐structured interviews with four companies that participate in an industrial smart service ecosystem. Taking an affordance‐theoretic perspective, we uncover the antecedents of and the process of emergent smart service ecosystems. We find that smart service ecosystems have three socio‐technical antecedents: a shared worldview, structural flexibility and integrity, and architecture of participation. We explain the emergence of smart service ecosystems as the result of specialisation in shared affordances and integration of idiosyncratic affordances into collective affordances. We derive seven propositions regarding the emergence of smart services, outline opportunities for further research, and present practical guidelines for manufacturing firms.
Influence of size disorder parameter on the thermophysical properties of rare‐earth‐zirconate medium‐entropy ceramics
Authors: Wei Mingyue , Xu Jie , Zhu Jiatong , Yang Runwu , Meng Xuanyu , Zhang Ping , Yang Jinlong , Gao Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInspired by the concept of entropy stabilization, a series of rare‐earth‐zirconate medium‐entropy ceramics were designed. The influence of size disorder parameter on the mechanical and thermophysical properties of rare‐earth‐zirconate medium‐entropy ceramics was investigated. The results show that the prepared rare‐earth‐zirconate medium‐entropy ceramics exhibit single pyrochlore structure, and the lattice constant is linearly related to the average doped rare‐earth ionic radius. The scanning electron microscope‐energy‐dispersive spectroscopy results indicate the uniform distribution of doped rare‐earth elements. The rare‐earth‐zirconate medium‐entropy ceramics have relative density above 98.1% with high mechanical properties (HV ∼ 10.0 GPa, KⅠ ∼ 2.50 MPa m0.5, and E0 ∼ 220 GPa). (La1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3)2Zr2O7 medium‐entropy ceramics with a larger (4.36%) present relatively high thermal expansion coefficients (10.93 ×310−6 K−1, 1200°C) and low thermal conductivity (1.57–1.58 W/(m K), 100–500°C). These results suggest that the prepared rare‐earth‐zirconate medium‐entropy ceramics can be used as a new type of thermal insulation materials.
Effect of esophageal cooling on ablation lesion formation in the left atrium: Insights from Ablation Index data in the IMPACT trial and clinical outcomes
Authors: Leung Lisa W. M. , Akhtar Zaki , Elbatran Ahmed I. , Bajpai Abhay , Li Anthony , Norman Mark , Kaba Riyaz , Sohal Manav , Zuberi Zia , Gallagher Mark M. ,   on behalf of the IMPACT Study Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe IMPACT study established the role of controlled esophageal cooling in preventing esophageal thermal injury during radiofrequency (RF) ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). The effect of esophageal cooling on ablation lesion delivery and procedural and patient outcomes had not been previously studied. The objective was to determine the effect of esophageal cooling on the formation of RF lesions, the ability to achieve procedural endpoints, and clinical outcomes.MethodsParticipants in the IMPACT trial underwent AF ablation guided by Ablation Index (30 W at 350–400 AI posteriorly, 40 W at ≥450 AI anteriorly). A blinded 1:1 randomization assigned patients to the use of the ensoETM® device to keep esophageal temperature at 4°C during ablation or standard practice using a single‐sensor temperature probe. Ablation parameters and clinical outcomes were analyzed.ResultsProcedural data from 188 patients were analyzed. Procedure and fluoroscopy times were similar, and all pulmonary veins were isolated. First‐pass pulmonary vein isolation and reconnection at the end of the waiting period were similar in both randomized groups (51/64 vs. 51/68; p = 0.54 and 5/64 vs. 7/68; p = 0.76, respectively). Posterior wall isolation was also similar: 24/33 versus 27/38; p = 0.88. Ablation effect on tissue, measured in impedance drop, was no different between the two randomized groups: 8.6Ω (IQR: 6–11.8) versus 8.76Ω (IQR: 6–12.2; p = 0.25). Arrhythmia recurrence was similar after 12 months (21.1% vs. 24.1%; 95% CI: 0.38–1.84; HR: 0.83; p = 0.66).ConclusionsEsophageal cooling has been shown to be effective in reducing ablation‐related thermal injury during RF ablation. This protection does not compromise standard procedural endpoints or clinical success at 12 months.
The metabolic syndrome and its components as prognostic factors in colorectal cancer: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Lu Bo , Qian Jia‐Ming , Li Jing‐Nan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimMetabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), and the impact of MetS on CRC prognosis remains controversial after the diagnosis of CRC has been established. This study aimed to explore the impact of the individual components and synergies of MetS on the prognosis of patients with CRC.MethodsWe searched articles published before August 3, 2022, in four databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. The random‐effects model inverse variance method was used to estimate the summarized effect size.ResultsPatients with CRC with MetS were 1.342 times more likely to experience all‐cause mortality than those without MetS, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of hazard ratio (HR) was 1.107–1.627 (P = 0.003). CRC‐specific mortality in patients with CRC with MetS was 2.122 times higher than in those without MetS, and the 95% CI of HR was 1.080–4.173 (P = 0.029). CRC‐specific mortality exhibited an increasing trend of risk with increased metabolic risk factors. The HR of CRC‐specific mortality for one, two, and three metabolic risk factors was 1.206 (95% CI, 1.034–1.407; P = 0.017), 1.881 (95% CI, 1.253–2.824; P = 0.002), and 2.327 (95% CI, 1.262–4.291; P = 0.007), respectively.ConclusionsMetabolic syndrome increased all‐cause and CRC‐specific mortality in patients with CRC. As a single component of MetS, diabetes mellitus increased overall mortality in patients with CRC, while obesity increased CRC‐specific mortality in patients with CRC, with a significant difference from non‐MetS. Moreover, the risk of CRC‐specific mortality increased with increasing number of metabolic risk factors.