bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenging the 50‐50 rule for the basal‐bolus insulin ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes who maintain stable glycaemic control
Authors: Harper Roy , Bashan Eran , Williams Kevin J. , Sritharan Sajitha , Willis Mark , Marriott Deanna J. , Hodish Israel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFor patients using basal‐bolus insulin therapy, it is widespread clinical practice to aim for a 50‐50 ratio between basal and total daily bolus. However, this practice was based on a small study of individuals without diabetes. To assess the rule in real‐world practice, we retrospectively analyzed patients on basal‐bolus therapy that was adjusted at least weekly by an artificial intelligence‐driven titration within the d‐Nav® Insulin Management Technology.Materials and methodsWe obtained de‐identified data from the Diabetes Centre of Ulster Hospital for patients with four inclusion criteria: type 2 Diabetes (T2D), on d‐Nav >6 months, on basal‐bolus insulin therapy >80% of the time (based on insulin analogs), and no gap in data >3 months.ResultsWe assembled a cohort of 306 patients, followed by the d‐Nav service for 3.4 ± 1.8 years (mean ± SD), corresponding to about 180 autonomous insulin dose titrations and about 5000 autonomous individual dose recommendations per patient. After an initial run‐in period, mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values in the cohort were maintained close to 7%. Surprisingly, in just over three‐quarters of the cohort, the average basal insulin fraction was <50%; in half of the cohort average basal insulin fraction <41.2%; and in one‐quarter the basal insulin fraction was <33.6%. Further, the basal insulin fraction did not remain static over time. In half of the patients, the basal insulin fraction varied by ≥1.9×; and, in 25% of the patients, ≥2.5×.ConclusionOur data show that a 50‐50 ratio of basal‐to‐bolus insulin does not generally apply to patients with T2D who successfully maintain stable glycemia. Therefore, the 50‐50 ratio should not serve as an ongoing treatment guide. Moreover, our results emphasize the importance of at least weekly insulin titrations.
A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, parallel, active‐ and placebo‐controlled Phase 3 clinical study of the glucokinase activator PB‐201 in treatment‐naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A study protocol
Authors: Du Ying , Gao Leili , Xiao Xinhua , Hou Xin , Ji Linong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo report the rationale for using PB‐201, a partial glucokinase activator (GKA), for a Phase 3 study (NCT05102149) assessing its efficacy and safety in a Chinese population and to describe the design of this GKA Phase 3 trial, the first to involve both an active control and a placebo control arm.Materials and methodsThis is an ongoing, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, three‐arm placebo and active control study to be carried out among 672 Chinese treatment‐naive participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to assess the efficacy and safety of PB‐201 for approximately 60 weeks, including a screening period and a safety follow‐up period.ResultsThe primary objective of this study was to monitor change in glycated haemoglobin levels with PB‐201 in treatment‐naive T2DM participants from baseline to 24 weeks in comparison with vildagliptin and placebo. The key secondary objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of PB‐201 following treatment for a time period of 52 weeks.ConclusionThis pivotal study will offer critical information regarding the efficacy and safety of PB‐201 in Chinese treatment‐naive T2DM participants that would help to establish robust evidence for the benefit‐risk evaluation of this drug.
Psychiatric symptoms and pain in maxillofacial injury following motor vehicle accidents: A comparative study
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Hadi , Mousavi Shalmaei Seyed Mohamad Amin , Mohtasham‐Amiri Zahra , Homaie Rad Enayatollah , Khodadadi‐Hassankiadeh Naema 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground/AimPost‐traumatic stress disorders, depression, and pain are rarely discussed in the literature on maxillofacial injuries, and psychiatric symptoms and pain are not identified and managed in such patients. The aim of this study was to determine the symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorders, depression, and pain in people with maxillofacial injuries following motor vehicle accidents.Material and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, people injured in motor vehicle accidents from March to September 2015 who were referred to a medical educational center in the northern part of Iran for treatment follow‐up were sampled. The existing symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder by PSS, depression by BDI‐II, and pain by NRS were assessed. SPSS software version 21 was used for analysis.ResultsMaxillofacial injured patients had significant differences in terms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (p = .006), depression (p = .001), pain (p = .001), and length of hospital stay (p = .002) than patients without maxillofacial injuries.ConclusionsMotor vehicle accident victims with maxillofacial injuries suffered significantly more from post‐traumatic stress disorders and depression, pain and length of hospital stay than patients with other injuries.
Difference in nutrient accumulation patterns between diapause‐destined and non‐diapause‐destined larvae of Hyphantria cunea
Authors: Wang Xinmei , Liu Zheng , Zhao Lvquan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNutrient accumulation is crucial in insect diapause preparation because insufficient nutrient accumulation can shorten the diapause period, interfere with diapause development completion, and decrease the probability of surviving the overwintering period. The amounts of lipids and carbohydrates stored in diapausing pupae of Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae) are greater than those in the non‐diapausing pupae. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that diapause‐destined (DD) and non‐diapause‐destined (NDD) larvae of H. cunea have different nutrient accumulation patterns in penultimate and final instars. The body mass, as well as lipid, carbohydrate, and soluble protein contents, and the efficiency of converting digested food and ingested food into body matter were greater in the DD penultimate and final instars than in the NDD penultimate and final instars. Larger amounts of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins were absorbed by DD penultimate and final instars and the final instar development period in the DD larvae was prolonged relative to NDD larvae. The activities of fatty acid synthase and glycogen synthase of DD penultimate and final instars were significantly higher than those of NDD larvae. These results suggest that the changes in nutrient accumulation patterns between DD and NDD larvae occur in penultimate and final instars, and that the DD larvae increase their nutrient accumulation during diapause preparation by the combined effect of extending their final‐instar development period and improving their digestive efficiency; they increase their lipid and carbohydrate stores by increasing the activities of fatty acid synthase and glycogen synthase in the fat body.
Structural relaxation in chalcogenide glasses
Authors: Málek Jiří 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe structural relaxation of chalcogenide glasses is discussed within Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan (TNM) formalism. The TNM parameters for more than 70 different glassy compositions are compared on the basis of the relaxation rate defined as Rf(ΔT) = −(dTf/dlogt)i at the inflection point of the isothermal relaxation curve plotted on a logarithmic timescale. The Rf(ΔT) depends on the TNM parameter ß and the parameter σ, combining the nonlinearity parameter x, the effective activation energy h* or the fragility m. It is shown that Rf(10) estimated at 10 K below Tg is useful for the prediction of structural relaxation kinetics in different amorphous materials. The chalcogenide glasses are, for example, compared with oxide glasses and organic polymers. For all these materials, the Rf(10) versus σ plot shows a well‐defined pattern that is thoroughly discussed.
Investigating signal modalities of aposematism in a poison frog
Authors: Stuckert Adam M. M. , Summers Kyle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aposematic species combine a conspicuous signal with a secondary defence, the majority of which are studied in the context of a visual signal. While multimodality of the aposematic signal appears to be common in invertebrate species, we know very little about the presence or absence of multimodality in vertebrates. Here, we examine the possibility of multimodality of aposematism in the green-and-black poison frog, Dendrobates auratus. Using a non-visual predator (the cat-eyed snake, Leptodeira annulata) and extractions of chemicals in frog skins, we test whether there is sufficient non-visual information for predators to avoid this aposematic species without using visual cues. We found that experienced predators avoid chemicals in this poison frog's skin by olfactory cues alone in trials with live frogs and extracts from captive poison frogs, whereas extracts from wild poison frogs did not lead to avoidance behaviours in predators. Further, in our limited sampling, naïve predators demonstrate no avoidance. This not only indicates that predators can make informed decisions from the frog's odour, but also indicates that avoidance based on olfactory cue is a learned response.
Abstract
In this manuscript, we asked if predators avoid poison frogs by their sense of smell alone. We found that experienced predators can indeed avoid poison by smell alone, indicating the importance of examining other modalities of potential communication in aposematic vertebrates.
Racial diversity and group decision‐making in a mock jury experiment
Authors: Hakstian Anne‐Marie , Evett Sophia R. , Hoffmann James S. , Marshall Jane M. , Boyland Emory A. L. , Williams Jerome D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe primary goal of this research was to determine whether the racial composition of a jury impacts the outcome and deliberation in a civil retail discrimination lawsuit. We presented a retail discrimination trial video to 30 separate mock juries. Of the 30 juries, 15 juries had 2 Black jurors, while the remaining 15 had no Black jurors (i.e., only White or White and Latinx participants). After watching the video, each mock jury was given 1 h to deliberate as if they were jurors deciding an actual case. Contrary to previous research, juries with Black jurors were no more likely to deliberate longer or consider more case facts. However, they were more likely to find for the plaintiff and award higher compensation. In addition, content analysis of the deliberation racial discourse revealed that some jurors espoused colorblind racial attitudes, minimizing the significance of race in this case and in society in general, and accusing the plaintiff of playing the “race card.” Other jurors encouraged understanding of the plaintiff and espoused non‐colorblind racial attitudes, recognizing the importance and damaging role of racism in American society. Implications for civil trials, jury selection, and racial discourse are discussed.
Patients with non‐functional metastatic G2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor benefit from palliative surgery: A 20‐year single‐center retrospective analysis
Authors: You Tingting , Tang Hui , Xu Xiuxiu , Ying Hongyan , Sun Zhao , Cheng Yuejuan , Bai Chunmei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) is the most common subset (31.5%) of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in China. Based on real‐world data from a single center, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of clinical characteristics, medical treatment and surgery on the survival of non‐functional metastatic G2 pNET. In total, 114 metastatic non‐functional G2 pNET patients, who were treated and followed up in the Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from 2001 until 2019, were analyzed retrospectively. The primary endpoint, overall survival (OS), was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of death. The second endpoint, progression‐free survival (PFS), was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of disease progression. Statistical data were analyzed to evaluate the effects of a clinical characteristic, medical treatment and surgery on OS and PFS. Sixty‐nine (60.5%) patients were male and 87 (76.3%) were aged < 60 years. The liver was the most common metastatic organ, with a total of 84 cases (73.7%). With respect to surgery, 32 (28.1%) patients underwent radical surgery and 37 (32.5%) underwent palliative surgery. Survival analysis showed that the 5‐year and 10‐year survival rates were 79.36% and 70.0%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested that both radical (p < .001/.003) and palliative surgery (p < .001/.002) significantly prolonged OS, as revealed by the Kaplan–Meier test (p < .001). Subgroup analysis showed that palliative resection also significantly improves the prognosis in patients with multiple liver metastases. However, the first‐line systemic anti‐tumor therapy option showed no statistical differences in the present study. Overall, patients with non‐functional metastatic G2 pNET receiving palliative or radical surgery demonstrated significantly better survival. Prospective clinical trials are suggested to validate our findings.
Contribution of chromosomal microarray analysis and next‐generation sequencing to genetic diagnosis in fetuses with normal karyotype
Authors: Akalın Münip , Demirci Oya , Dizdaroğulları Gizem E. , Çiftçi Erman , Karaman Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to genetic diagnosis in fetuses with normal karyotype who underwent invasive testing for different indications.MethodsThe results of invasive genetic testing performed at a tertiary center between September 2020 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Indications for invasive tests were classified as fetal structural malformation, presence of soft markers, and high risk in screening tests. CMA results were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic (pCNVs), benign (bCNVs), and variants of unknown clinical significance (VOUS).ResultsA total of 830 invasive tests were performed and aneuploidy was detected in 11.2% of the fetuses. CMA was performed in 465 fetuses with normal karyotype, and pCNVs were detected in 6.9%. pCNVs were detected in 8.2% of fetuses with structural malformations, 6.5% in soft markers, and 4.7% in high risk in screening tests. Pathogenic variants were detected by NGS in 33.8% of fetuses with bCNVs.ConclusionspCNVs can be significantly detected not only in fetuses with structural malformations, but also in invasive testing with other indications. NGS significantly contributes to genetic diagnosis in fetuses with structural malformations.
Constraints, you, and your victims
Authors: Steuwer Bastian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeontologists believe that it is wrong to violate a right even if this will prevent a greater number of violations of the same right. This leads to the paradox of deontology: If respecting everyone's rights is equally important, why should we not minimize the number of rights violations? One possible answer is agent‐based. This answer points out that you should not violate rights even if this will prevent someone else's violations. In this paper, I defend a relational agent‐based justification that focuses on the relation in which the agent stands to her would‐be victims. I argue that this justification can avoid two key objections levelled against agent‐based justifications: It can explain why we are not permitted to minimize our own rights violations, and the justification avoids the charge of being excessively self‐concerned.
Mobile genetic elements in Acinetobacter antibiotic‐resistance acquisition and dissemination
Authors: Noel Hannah R. , Petrey Jessica R. , Palmer Lauren D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPathogenic Acinetobacter species, most notably Acinetobacter baumannii, are a significant cause of healthcare‐associated infections worldwide. Acinetobacter infections are of particular concern to global health due to the high rates of multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance. Widespread genome sequencing and analysis has determined that bacterial antibiotic resistance is often acquired and disseminated through the movement of mobile genetic elements, including insertion sequences (IS), transposons, integrons, and conjugative plasmids. In Acinetobacter specifically, resistance to carbapenems and cephalosporins is highly correlated with IS, as many ISAba elements encode strong outwardly facing promoters that are required for sufficient expression of β‐lactamases to confer clinical resistance. Here, we review the role of mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter species through the framework of the mechanism of resistance acquisition and with a focus on experimentally validated mechanisms.
COMT rs4818 less common allele is associated with psychological and psychiatric worse indicators in a cohort of individuals born with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Vieira Alexandre Rezende , Barros Mariana S. , Soares Maria Sueli Marques , Lacerda Rosa Helena Wanderley 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals born with cleft lip and palate may face difficulties in speech function, nutrition, facial aesthetics, and long‐term care. These difficulties may increase the risk of psychological and psychiatric diseases. This work aimed to test if the variant allele of COMT was carried more frequently among individuals that have psychological and psychiatric outcomes within a cohort of patients born with cleft lip and palate.MethodDNA extraction from saliva of two hundred and fifteen individuals born with cleft lip with and/or palate and genotyping was performed, and the frequency of COMT rs4818 alleles was determined. The domain ‘Psychological Function’ of Cleft‐Q™ was used to generate scores for analysis. The scores were computed, and differences in genotype or allele frequencies between individuals with psychological function scores 60 or above and 59 or below were compared. The history of psychiatric illness (family history of psychiatric disease or self‐reported psychiatric illness) was registered.ResultsGenotype and allele frequencies were compared between individuals with and without a family history of psychiatric illness. Individuals with lower Psychological Function (Cleft‐Q™) scores were more likely to be GG (P = .04) or carriers of allele G (P < .001). The reported psychiatric illness and positive family history of psychiatric illness were compared to COMT rs4818 allele and genotype frequencies of individuals without these indicators, and individuals with psychiatric illness and positive family history of psychiatric illness were more likely to carry allele G (P = .03 and P = .008, respectively).ConclusionThe study confirms previously suggested role of COMT rs4818 in psychiatric and psychological outcomes in a distinct cohort of patients born with cleft lip and palate.
Reduction of heat stress pressure and activation of photosystem II repairing system are crucial for citrus tolerance to multiple abiotic stress combination
Authors: Balfagón Damián , Zandalinas Sara I. , dos Reis de Oliveira Tadeu , Santa‐Catarina Claudete , Gómez‐Cadenas Aurelio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDrought, heat and high irradiance are abiotic stresses that negatively affect plant development and reduce crop productivity. The confluence of these three factors is common in nature, causing extreme situations for plants that compromise their viability. Drought and heat stresses increase the saturation of the photosystem reaction centers, increasing sensitivity to high irradiance. In addition, these stress conditions affect photosystem II (PSII) integrity, alter redox balance of the electron transport chain and decrease the photosynthetic rate. Here, we studied the effect of the stress combinations on the photosynthetic apparatus of two citrus genotypes, Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) and Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni). Results obtained showed that physiological responses, such as modulation of stomatal aperture and transpiration rate, aimed to reduce leaf temperature, are key to diminishing heat impact on photosynthetic apparatus and increasing tolerance to double and triple combinations of drought, high irradiance and high temperatures. By using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we have demonstrated that under these abiotic stress combinations, Carrizo plants were able to increase expression of genes and proteins related to the photosystem repairing machinery (which better maintained the integrity of PSII) and other components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Our findings reveal crucial physiological and genetic responses in citrus to increase tolerance to the combination of multiple abiotic stresses that could be the basis for breeding programs that ensure a sustainable citrus production.
Temperature stress in psychrophilic green microalgae: Minireview
Authors: Cvetkovska Marina , Vakulenko Galyna , Smith David R. , Zhang Xi , Hüner Norman P. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotosynthetic algae are the main primary producers in polar regions, form the basis of polar food webs, and are responsible for a significant portion of global carbon fixation. Many cold‐water algae are psychrophiles that thrive in the cold but cannot grow at moderate temperatures (≥20°C). Polar regions are at risk of rapid warming caused by climate change, and the sensitivity of psychrophilic algae to rising temperatures makes them, and the ecosystems they inhabit, particularly vulnerable. Recent research on the Antarctic psychrophile Chlamydomonas priscuii, an emerging algal model, has revealed unique adaptations to life in the permanent cold. Additionally, genome sequencing of C. priscuii and its relative Chlamydomonas sp. ICE‐L has given rise to a plethora of computational tools that can help elucidate the genetic basis of psychrophily. This minireview summarizes new advances in characterizing the heat stress responses in psychrophilic algae and examines their extraordinary sensitivity to temperature increases. Further research in this field will help determine the impact of climate change on psychrophiles from threatened polar environments.
Exact Clustering in Tensor Block Model: Statistical Optimality and Computational Limit
Authors: Han Rungang , Luo Yuetian , Wang Miaoyan , Zhang Anru R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh-order clustering aims to identify heterogeneous substructures in multiway datasets that arise commonly in neuroimaging, genomics, social network studies, etc. The non-convex and discontinuous nature of this problem pose significant challenges in both statistics and computation. In this paper, we propose a tensor block model and the computationally efficient methods, high-order Lloyd algorithm (HLloyd), and high-order spectral clustering (HSC), for high-order clustering. The convergence guarantees and statistical optimality are established for the proposed procedure under a mild sub-Gaussian noise assumption. Under the Gaussian tensor block model, we completely characterise the statistical-computational trade-off for achieving high-order exact clustering based on three different signal-to-noise ratio regimes. The analysis relies on new techniques of high-order spectral perturbation analysis and a ‘singular-value-gap-free’ error bound in tensor estimation, which are substantially different from the matrix spectral analyses in the literature. Finally, we show the merits of the proposed procedures via extensive experiments on both synthetic and real datasets.