bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking the Addis Ababan Exceptionalism—Living and Making Sense of Violent Protests in Ethiopia’s Capital
Authors: Pellerin Camille Louise , Ashenafi Dalaya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractViolent protests and ethno-communal violence in Ethiopia have been on the rise since 2015. Whilst the country’s capital has mostly been spared, protests have occurred in areas surrounding the capital, its suburbs and, to a lesser extent, even in its city centre. This article aims to answer how Addis Ababa residents make sense of and (dis)engage from/in violent protests and ethno-communal violence where they occur. The article explores the perceptions and experiences of established middle-class residents in the capital, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between June 2020 and May 2021. The article finds that, due to the city’s multi-ethnic character and the residents’ strong metropolitan identity, ethnic identity has not constituted a powerful tool for political mobilisation of residents within the capital. Claims based on ethnicity made by non-residents towards the capital’s resources have largely been rejected by Addis Ababans. Instead, residents have collectively defended their right to the city. The federal state’s readiness to intervene in protests in the capital has further discouraged and countered public protests and communal conflicts. The article reveals that, whilst ‘exceptional’ at the first glance, the peaceful normality of Addis Ababa has relied on ignoring conflicts within Ethiopia’s ethnic-based political settlement and has hidden ordinary, everyday forms of structural violence and conflict.
When (deliberate) practice is not enough – the role of intelligence, practice, and knowledge in academic performance
Authors: Bilalić Merim , Đokić Ratko , Koso-Drljević Maida , Đapo Nermin , Pollet Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is well established that academic performance (AP) depends on a number of factors, such as intellectual capacities, practice, and previous knowledge. We know little about how these factors interact as they are rarely measured simultaneously. Here we present mediated-Factors of Academic Performance (m-FAP) model, which simultaneously assesses direct and indirect, mediated, effects on AP. In a semester-long study with 118 first-year college students, we show that intelligence and working memory only indirectly influenced AP on a familiar, less challenging college course (Introduction to Psychology). Their influence was mediated through previous knowledge and self-regulated learning activities akin to deliberate practice. In a novel and more challenging course (Statistics in Psychology), intellectual capacities influenced performance both directly and indirectly through previous knowledge. The influence of deliberate practice, however, was considerably weaker in the novel course. The amount of time and effort that the students spent on the more difficult course could not offset the advantage of their more intelligent and more knowledgeable peers. The m–FAP model explains previous contradictory results by providing a framework for understanding the extent and limitations of individual factors in AP, which depend not only on each other, but also on the learning context.
Diagnosing COVID-19 using artificial intelligence: a comprehensive review
Authors: Khanna Varada Vivek , Chadaga Krishnaraj , Sampathila Niranjana , Prabhu Srikanth , Chadaga Rajagopala , Umakanth Shashikiran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn early March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed the novel COVID-19 as a global pandemic. The coronavirus went on to be a life-threatening infection and is still wreaking havoc all around the globe. Though vaccines have been rolled out, a section of the population (the elderly and people with comorbidities) still succumb to this deadly illness. Hence, it is imperative to diagnose this infection early to prevent a potential severe prognosis. This contagious disease is usually diagnosed using a conventional technique called the Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). However, this procedure leads to a number of wrong and false-negative results. Moreover, it might also not diagnose the newer variants of this mutating virus. Artificial Intelligence has been one of the most widely discussed topics in recent years. It is widely used to tackle various issues across multiple domains in the modern world. In this extensive review, the applications of Artificial Intelligence in the detection of coronavirus using modalities such as CT-Scans, X-rays, Cough sounds, MRIs, ultrasound and clinical markers are explored in depth. This review also provides data enthusiasts and the broader health community with a complete assessment of the current state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosing COVID-19. The key issues and future directions are also provided for upcoming researchers.
A new sixth-order Jarratt-type iterative method for systems of nonlinear equations
Authors: Yaseen Saima , Zafar Fiza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany real-life problems using mathematical modeling can be reduced to scalar and system of nonlinear equations. In this paper, we develop a family of three-step sixth-order method for solving nonlinear equations by employing weight functions in the second and third step of the scheme. Furthermore, we extend this family to the multidimensional case preserving the same order of convergence. Moreover, we have made numerical comparisons with the efficient methods of this domain to verify the suitability of our method.
On the inter-critical inhomogeneous generalized Hartree equation
Authors: Saanouni Tarek , Alharbi Talal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is the purpose of this work to study the Choquard equation $$\begin{aligned} i\dot{u}-(-\Delta )^s u=\pm |x|^{\gamma }(I_\alpha *|\cdot |^\gamma |u|^p)|u|^{p-2}u \end{aligned}$$

i

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in the space $$\dot{H}^s\cap \dot{H}^{s_c}$$

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s

∩

H
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s
c

, where $$0<s_c<s$$

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<

s
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<
s

corresponds to the scale invariant homogeneous Sobolev norm. Here, one considers to two separate cases. The first one is the classical case $$s=1$$

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1

and the second one is the fractional regime $$0<s<1$$

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<
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with radial data. One tries to develop a local theory using a new adapted sharp Gagliardo–Nirenberg estimate. Moreover, one investigates the concentration of non-global solutions in $$L^\infty _{T^*}(\dot{H}^{s_c})$$

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∞

(

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. One needs to deal with the lack of a mass conservation, since the data are not supposed to be in $$L^2$$

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2

. This note gives a complementary to the previous works about the same problem in the energy space $$H^1$$

H
1

.
Cobalt telluride electrocatalyst for selective electroreduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals
Authors: Saxena Apurv , Singh Harish , Nath Manashi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent emphasis on carbon dioxide utilization has necessitated the exploration of different catalyst compositions other than copper-based systems that can significantly improve the activity and selectivity towards specific CO2 reduction products at low applied potential. In this study, a binary CoTe has been reported as an efficient electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction in aqueous medium under ambient conditions at neutral pH. CoTe showed high Faradaic efficiency and selectivity of 86.83 and 75%, respectively, for acetic acid at very low potential of − 0.25 V vs RHE. More intriguingly, C1 products like formic acid was formed preferentially at slightly higher applied potential achieving high formation rate of 547.24 μmol cm−2 h−1 at − 1.1 V vs RHE. CoTe showed better CO2RR activity when compared with Co3O4, which can be attributed to the enhanced electrochemical activity of the catalytically active transition metal center as well as improved intermediate adsorption on the catalyst surface. While reduced anion electronegativity and improved lattice covalency in tellurides enhance the electrochemical activity of Co, high d-electron density improves the intermediate CO adsorption on the catalyst site leading to CO2 reduction at lower applied potential and high selectivity for C2 products. CoTe also shows stable CO2RR catalytic activity for 50 h and low Tafel slope (50.3 mV dec–1) indicating faster reaction kinetics and robust functionality. Selective formation of value-added C2 products with low energy expense can make these catalysts potentially viable for integration with other CO2 capture technologies thereby, helping to close the carbon loop.
The minimal Hilbert basis of the Hammond order cone
Authors: Abul Naga Ramses H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe characterize the minimal Hilbert basis of the Hammond order cone, and present several novel applications of the resulting basis. From the basis, we extract an invertible matrix, that provides a numerical representation of the Hammond order relation. The basis also enables the construction of a space—that we call the Hammond order lattice—where order-extensions of the Hammond order (i.e. more complete relations) may be derived. Finally, we introduce a class of maximal linearly independent Hilbert bases, in which the specific results derived in relation to the Hammond order cone, are shown to hold more generally.
Tribological behavior of thermal- and pH-sensitive microgels under steel/CoCrMo alloy contacts
Authors: Sun Kequn , Hu Yuanhua , Dong Yinghui , Yao Lulu , Song Ruhong , Xu Yufu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe tribological behavior of 316L stainless steel/CoCrMo alloy contacts under aqueous lubrication was investigated in this work. Three types of microgels including poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAM-co-PAA) were prepared and used as lubricant additives in aqueous solutions. Tribological tests were conducted using a ball-on-disk reciprocating tribometer, over a range of temperatures, pH, and concentrations of the microgels. The PNIPAM-co-PAA microgels were proven to have excellent anti-friction and anti-wear properties, depending on the temperature and pH values of the solutions. The maximum friction coefficient coincided with the lower critical solution temperature of the PNIPAM-co-PAA microgels at 32 °C. At the same time, the friction coefficient increased with the increase in pH value of the lubricant solution with the PNIPAM-co-PAA microgels. The unique thermal- and pH-sensitive properties of the PNIPAM-co-PAA microgels provided a new strategy for controlling the friction and wear of steel/CoCrMo alloy contacts under aqueous lubrication.
Der Biomarker „eosinophiles kationisches Protein“ (ECP)
Authors: Oremek G. M. , Passek K. , Braun M. , von der Eltz V. , Droege J. 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Übersicht zum Biomarker „eosinophiles kationisches Protein“ wird im Rahmen der Serie „Biomarker“ des Zentralblatts für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie publiziert, die sich mit dem immer häufigeren Gebrauch der Bestimmung von spezifischen Markern bei sog. Manager-Vorsorgen und Check-up-Untersuchungen beschäftigt. Das eosinophile kationische Protein eignet sich grundsätzlich nicht für solche Vorsorgen, sondern ist ein Marker zur Therapieplanung und zum Therapiemonitoring von Asthma. Hier zeigt dieser eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität, wobei der Marker aber auf keinen Fall als Screeningparameter zur Frühdiagnostik eingesetzt werden soll.
Mediation roles of pedagogical approaches and personality traits in entrepreneurial curriculum design and entrepreneurial intention nexus
Authors: Nunfam Victor Fannam , Afrifa-Yamoah Ebenezer , Asitik Akanganngang Joseph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlanned behaviour theory was used in a path analysis modelling to investigate the serial mediation role of teaching methods and personality traits (locus of control, need for achievement and entrepreneurial attitude) in the relationship between entrepreneurship curriculum and entrepreneurial intention among university students in Ghana. A proposed 40-item instrument was used to measure outcomes for six constructs (3 personality trait constructs, entrepreneurship curriculum, teaching methods and entrepreneurial intention) for 324 participants. Acceptable convergent, divergent and construct validity scores were observed for the instrument. Teaching methods fully mediated the first-order relationships between entrepreneurial curriculum and each personality traits. The three constructs of personality traits parallelly mediated the second-order relationship between teaching methods and entrepreneurial intention. Teaching methods and each personality trait serially mediated the relationship between entrepreneurial curriculum and entrepreneurial intention. This empirical evidence provides insight into the design of pragmatic interventions by major stakeholders including entrepreneurship educators to inspire students into start-up activities
Citizenship Practices of Chinese Students on an Australian Campus: a Case Study
Authors: Fu Jun , Li Meiyi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper explores the citizenship practices of a group of Chinese international students through their engagement with a language club at a university located in Melbourne, Australia. By considering the practices associated with their mutual engagement in this club, the paper scrutinises how these students creatively carve out space to practise citizenships in ways that are meaningful in their lives. The results show that the club was constructed by its members as an intermediary space for Chinese international students to maintain connection with their own ethnic community and to engage with students from different language and cultural backgrounds. Through their engagement with this club, they practise a form of citizenship which is a hybrid of neoliberal citizenship, Chinese citizenship, and global citizenship. These citizenship practices are illustrative of the efforts made by international students to create conditions for citizenship practice, and they show the students’ capacity to mobilise cultural capital for practising meaningful citizenship and experiencing belonging in the host society. These citizenship practices have implications for higher education institutions and host societies to construct favourable conditions for international students’ citizenship practices and belonging.
Simple efficiency-distribution models of production, with an application to robotics
Authors: DeCanio Stephen J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe “efficiency-distribution” model introduced by Houthakker in 1955 offers a flexible approach to production theory that does not require the measurement of capital and other fixed assets. Thus it avoids the theoretical problems associated with the Cambridge controversies and with Franklin Fisher’s critiques of aggregation. The efficiency distribution model can be empirically implemented using only observed productivity distributions and the share of output received by the non-fixed factors. Applications include estimating, for a variety of potential distributions, the vulnerability of human wages to the introduction of robotic substitutes.
Incidence of complicated appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kariya Abduljubbar , Krutsri Chonlada , Singhatas Pongsasit , Sumritpradit Preeda , Thampongsa Tharin , Lertsitthichai Panuwat , Phoprom Napaphat 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Measures taken to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) slow surgical processes, and patients are avoiding presenting at emergency departments during the outbreak because of fears of contracting the contagious disease. To analyze the rate of complicated appendicitis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
We systematically reviewed the PubMed and SCOPUS databases for articles published from 2000 to 2021. Including the retrospective review data collected from our hospital of patients aged ≥18 years old who were diagnosed with acute appendicitis. The primary outcome of complicated appendicitis incidence was compared between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period. We performed a meta-analysis using a random-effects model analysis.

Results:
A total 3559 patients were included for meta-analysis. The overall rate of complicated appendicitis was significantly higher during the pandemic (relative risk, 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–1.89). The time from onset of symptoms to hospitalisation was 0.41 h longer during the pandemic, which was not significantly different (standardized mean difference, 0.41, 95% CI, −0.03 to 1.11). The operating time during the pandemic was significantly shorter than that before the pandemic (83.45 min and 71.65 min, p = 0.01).

Conclusion:
There are correlation between the pandemic and severity of acute appendicitis. The higher rate of complicated appendicitis in the pandemic indicates that patients require timely medical attention and appropriate treatment despite fears of contracting disease.

Highlights
Translational Science 22 conference proceedings
Authors: Pliakos Elina E. , Tague Laneisha K. , Poblete Roy E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Translational Science TS22 conference in Chicago in April 2022 was the first time post-pandemic that members of the Association of Clinical and Translational Science were able to meet up in person to share scientific advances. Given the remaining level of risk due to COVID-19, the meeting was designed as hybrid allowing virtual participation to some of the presentations. Prior to the meeting, JCTS Junior Editors were invited to report on the plenary sessions of the meeting. The present perspective constitutes a summary of three plenary sessions.
Combined laparoscopic and open colon surgery rankings fail to accurately rank hospitals by surgical-site infection rate
Authors: Caroff Daniel A. , Chan Christina , Kleinman Ken , Calderwood Michael S. , Wolf Robert , Platt Richard , Huang Susan S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective:To compare strategies for hospital ranking based on colon surgical-site infection (SSI) rate by combining all colon procedures versus stratifying by surgical approach (ie, laparoscopic vs open).Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:We identified SSIs among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing colon surgery from 2009 through 2013 using previously validated methods. We created a risk prediction model for SSI using age, sex, race, comorbidities, surgical approach (laparoscopy vs open), and concomitant colon and noncolon procedures. Adjusted SSI rates were used to rank hospitals. Subanalyses were performed for common colon procedures and procedure types for which there were both open and laparoscopic procedures. We generated ranks using only open and only laparoscopic procedures, overall and for each subanalysis. Rankings were compared using a Spearman correlation coefficient.Results:In total, 694,813 colon procedures were identified among 508,135 Medicare beneficiaries. The overall SSI rate was 7.6%. The laparoscopic approach was associated with lower SSI risk (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4–0.5), and higher SSI risk was associated with concomitant abdominal surgeries (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.4–1.5) and higher Elixhauser score (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0–1.1). Hospital rankings for laparascopic procedures were poorly correlated with rankings for open procedures (r = 0.23).Conclusions:Hospital rankings based on total colon procedures fail to account for differences in SSI risk from laparoscopic vs open procedures. Stratifying rankings by surgical approach yields a more equitable comparison of surgical performance.
Early-Adulthood Economic Experiences and the Formation of Democratic Support
Authors: Krishnarajan Suthan , Doucette Jonathan , Andersen David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDo economic experiences early in life affect regime support later in life? Effects of recent economic performance on regime support are extensively studied, but lasting effects of individual-level economic experiences across the lifespan remain unexplored. We argue that in democracies and autocracies alike, economic experiences in early adulthood (that is, age eighteen to twenty-eight) are wired into people's memories and become important cues for their democratic support later in life. Having lived in a well-performing economy in a democracy increases democratic support throughout most of people's lives, whereas having lived in a well-performing economy in an autocracy decreases democratic support throughout most of people's lives. Using extensive survey data on support for democracy covering ninety-seven countries from 1994 to 2015, we find support for these propositions, demonstrating that economic experiences in early adulthood, conditional on the regime in place at the time, have strong, robust and lasting effects on democratic support.
Metamorphic Facies Distribution in the Western Alps Predicted by Petrological‐Thermomechanical Models of Syn‐Convergent Exhumation
Authors: Vaughan‐Hammon Joshua D. , Candioti Lorenzo G. , Duretz Thibault , Schmalholz Stefan M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe distribution of metamorphic rocks throughout the western European Alps indicates subduction‐related metamorphism. However, processes by which high‐grade metamorphic rocks exhume remain disputed. Here, we present two‐dimensional petrological‐thermomechanical numerical models to investigate the metamorphic facies evolution during orogenesis. We model closure of an oceanic basin with exhumed mantle bounded by passive margins. To ensure thermomechanical feasibility, we model also this basin configuration. Before convergence, we replace the uppermost portions of exhumed mantle with serpentinite. Location and orientation of subduction are not predefined and subduction initiates self‐consistently during convergence. A weak subduction interface develops if serpentinite is initially thick enough (here 6 km) and can distribute along the interface. Syn‐convergent exhumation of (ultra)high‐pressure rocks occurs with minor erosion, enabled by local upper‐plate extension and a crustal‐scale normal‐sense shear zone. We calculate metamorphic facies evolutions with peak P and T values of 10,000 markers. Results show (a) peak P and T values agreeing with estimates from natural rocks, (b) exhumed, structurally coherent regions with identical metamorphic facies, indicating absence of significant mixing (mélange), (c) facies distributions corresponding to that of the Western Alps, which is from eclogite to blueschist to greenschist facies when going from internal to external domains, and (d) exhumation velocities larger than burial velocities. Models with stronger subduction interface (3‐km serpentinite thickness) develop an orogenic wedge with vertical metamorphic gradient and minor exhumation. Syn‐convergent exhumation is feasible for the Western Alps and calculating metamorphic facies distribution is useful when testing the applicability of models to natural orogens.