bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double-hit separation and dE/dx resolution of a time projection chamber with GEM readout
Authors: Aoki Y. , Attié D. , Behnke T. , Bellerive A. , Bezshyyko O. , Bhattacharya D.S. , Bhattacharya P. , Bhattacharya S. , Chang Y. , Colas P. , De Lentdecker G. , Dehmelt K. , Desch K. , Diener R. , Dixit M. , Einhaus U. , Fedorchuk O. , Fleck I. , Fujii K. , Fusayasu T. , Ganjour S. , Gros P. , Hayman P. , Ikematsu K. , Jönsson L. , Kaminski J. , Kato Y. , Kleinwort C. , Kluit P.M. , Kobayashi M. , Krämer U. , Lundberg B. , Lupberger M. , Majumdar N. , Malek P. , Matsuda T. , Mjörnmark U. , Mukhopadhyay S. , Müller F. , Münnich A. , Nakajima J. , Narita S. , Negishi K. , Ogawa T. , Oskarsson A. , Österman L. , Peterson D. , Qi H. , Riallot M. , Rosemann C. , Roth S. , Schade P. , Schäfer O. , Settles R.D. , Shirazi A.N. , Shoji A. , Smirnova O. , Sugiyama A. , Takahashi T. , Timmermans J. , Titov M. , Tsionou D. , Vauth A. , Watanabe T. , Werthenbach U. , Wu M. , Yang Y. , Yonamine R. , Yuan Z. , Yumino K. , Zhang F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A time projection chamber (TPC) with micropattern gaseous detector (MPGD) readout is investigated as main tracking device of the International Large Detector (ILD) concept at the planned International Linear Collider (ILC).
A prototype TPC equipped with a triple gas electron multiplier (GEM) readout has been built and operated in an electron test beam.
The TPC was placed in a 1 T solenoidal field at the DESY II Test Beam Facility, which provides an electron beam up to 6 GeV/c.
The performance of the readout modules, in particular the spatial point resolution, is determined and compared to earlier tests. New studies are presented with first results on the separation of close-by tracks and the capability of the system to measure the specific energy loss dE/dx.
This is complemented by a simulation study on the optimization of the readout granularity to improve particle identification by dE/dx.
A review on digital mapping of soil carbon in cropland: progress, challenge, and prospect
Authors: Huang Haili , Yang Lin , Zhang Lei , Pu Yue , Yang Chenconghai , Wu Qi , Cai Yanyan , Shen Feixue , Zhou Chenghu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cropland soil carbon not only serves food security but also contributes to the stability of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon pool due to the strong interconnection with atmospheric carbon dioxide. Therefore, the better monitoring of soil carbon in cropland is helpful for carbon sequestration and sustainable soil management. However, severe anthropogenic disturbance in cropland mainly in gentle terrain creates uncertainty in obtaining accurate soil information with limited sample data. Within the past 20 years, digital soil mapping has been recognized as a promising technology in mapping soil carbon. Herein, to advance existing knowledge and highlight new directions, the article reviews the research on mapping soil carbon in cropland from 2005 to 2021. There is a significant shift from linear statistical models to machine learning models because nonlinear models may be more efficient in explaining the complex soil-environment relationship. Climate covariates and parent material play an important role in soil carbon on the regional scale, while on a local scale, the variability of soil carbon often depends on topography, agricultural management, and soil properties. Recently, several kinds of agricultural covariates have been explored in mapping soil carbon based on survey or remote sensing technique, while, obtaining agricultural covariates with high resolution remains a challenge. Based on the review, we concluded several challenges in three categories: sampling, agricultural covariates, and representation of soil processes in models. We thus propose a conceptual framework with four future strategies: representative sampling strategies, establishing standardized monitoring and sharing system to acquire more efficient crop management information, exploring time-series sensing data, as well as integrating pedological knowledge into predictive models. It is intended that this review will support prospective researchers by providing knowledge clusters and gaps concerning the digital mapping of soil carbon in cropland.
Subdiffusive continuous time random walks with power-law resetting
Authors: Shkilev V P , Sokolov I M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the present work we revisit the problem of the behavior of a subdiffusive continuous time random walk (CTRW) under resetting. The resetting process is considered as a renewal process with power-law distribution of waiting times between the resetting events. We consider both the case of complete resetting, when an ordinary CTRW starts anew after the resetting event, and the case of incomplete resetting, when the internal memory of CTRW is nor erased by the resetting event, and the CTRW restarts as an aged one. Using a special representation for the waiting time distribution in resetting, we obtained closed-form expressions for the probability density of displacements and for the mean first passage time to a given point under complete resetting, and asymptotic forms for the probability density of displacements (including prefactors) in the case of incomplete resetting.
Semi-discrete Lagrangian 2-forms and the Toda hierarchy
Authors: Sleigh Duncan , Vermeeren Mats 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a variational theory of integrable differential-difference equations (semi-discrete integrable systems). This is an extension of the ideas known by the names ‘Lagrangian multiforms’ and ‘Pluri-Lagrangian systems’, which have previously been established in both the fully discrete and fully continuous cases. The main feature of these ideas is to capture a hierarchy of commuting equations in a single variational principle. Semi-discrete Lagrangian multiforms provide a new way to relate differential-difference equations and partial differential equations. We discuss this relation in the context of the Toda lattice, which is part of an integrable hierarchy of differential-difference equations, each of which involves a derivative with respect to a continuous variable and a number of lattice shifts. We use the theory of semi-discrete Lagrangian multiforms to derive PDEs in the continuous variables of the Toda hierarchy, which hold as a consequence of the differential-difference equations, but do not involve any lattice shifts. As a second example, we briefly discuss the semi-discrete potential Korteweg-de Vries equation, which is related to the Volterra lattice.
Synthesis, structural, Morphological, optical, and magnetic properties of Li2−2x
Ni
x
Al2x
Fe2−2x
O4, (x = 0,0.4, and 0.5) nanoparticles
Authors: Abd elfadeel G , Venkatachalapathy R , Saddeek Y , Manoharan C , Venkateshwarlu M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Spinel lithium nickel aluminium ferrite nanoparticles (Li2–2x
Ni
x
Al2x
Fe2–2x
O4), (x = 0.0, 0.4, and 0.5) were prepared through the low temperature solution combustion method. Urea is employed as a fuel for the burning process. The synthesised samples are subjected to thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared, Fourier transformation Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques. The thermal analysis revealed a combustion reaction occurring at around 300 °C. The structural and morphology results confirmed the nanoparticle nature and required material composition. The structural, optical, and magnetic properties significantly change, all of the particle size, band gap, coercivity, remnant magnetisation, and squareness ratio revealed a decreasing trend, while the dislocation density, micro-strain, saturation magnetisation, and the magnetic moment revealed a reverse trend as increment of Al and Ni content. The obtained optical, and magnetic properties confirm that the prepared materials are optically active, and soft ferrite nanoparticles. The ease of preparation method, observed good optical and magnetic properties together with cheap and environmentally benign precursor’s sources make achieved nanoparticles as promising material for nonlinear optics, microwave devices, and memory recording and storage applications.
The spectrum analysis of RMP coils with multiple connection modes and the design of high field side coils on J-TEXT
Authors: REN Zhengkang , LI Da , WANG Nengchao , MAO Feiyue , HUANG Zhuo , ZHOU Song , JIA Ruo , HE Ying , SHEN Chengshuo , BALA Abba Alhaji , RAO Bo , DING Yonghua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The phase difference Δξ between locked islands (2/1 and 3/1) has been found to influence the heat transport on the thermal quench during disruptions by numerical modeling [Hu Q et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion
59, 016005]. To verify this experimentally, a set of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) coils is required to excite coupled magnetic islands with different Δξ. The spectrum analysis shows that the current RMP coils on J-TEXT can only produce sufficient 2/1 and 3/1 RMP fields with a limited phase difference of Δξ∈[−75°, 75°]. In order to broaden the adjustable range of Δξ, a set of coils on the high field side (HFS) is proposed to generate 2/1 and 3/1 RMP fields with Δξ = 180°. As a result, RMPs with adjustable Δξ∈[−180°, 180°] and sufficient amplitudes could be achieved by applying the HFS coils and the low field side (LFS) coils. This work provides a feasible solution for flexible adjustment of the phase difference between m and m + 1 RMP, which might facilitate the study of major disruptions and their control.
Characterization of a new Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from banana stems and its mutant with l-leucine accumulation for awamori brewing
Authors: Tsukahara Masatoshi , Isogai Shota , Azuma Haruna , Tsukahara Keiko , Toyokawa Yoichi , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We isolated a new strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 35a14, from banana stems in Okinawa. This strain did not belong to any industrial yeast groups in a phylogenetic tree and produced high levels of alcohol. Furthermore, awamori, an Okinawa's traditional distilled alcoholic beverage, brewed with an l-leucine overproducing mutant derived from 35a14 showed a high concentration of isoamyl acetate.
A Dynamic Heterogeneous Graph Convolution Network For Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Li He , Jin Duo , Li XueJiao , Qiao Shaojie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Traffic prediction has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. However, it is challenging due to the dynamic and heterogeneous spatial–temporal correlations. Most of the existing methods adopt the attention mechanism to capture the dynamic spatial features, but it is difficult for the attention mechanism to learn the real-time change of spatial dependencies, which restrict accurate spatial dependencies learning. Furthermore, most methods are out at elbows when solving heterogeneous spatial–temporal data. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel traffic prediction model called Dynamic spatial–temporal Heterogeneous Graph Convolution Network. Different from the existing methods, we have designed a dynamic localized graph and a corresponding adaptive localized graph convolution network, which are capable of simultaneously capturing dynamic and heterogeneous spatial correlations. We propose a gated adaptive temporal convolution network to capture the temporal heterogeneity of traffic data and enjoy global receptive fields. Finally, a global correlations fusion network is provided to incorporate the global spatial–temporal correlations. Compared with 11 baselines, our proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance in the accuracy of prediction.
Modelling the impact of condition-dependent responses and lipid-store availability on the consequences of disturbance in a cetacean
Authors: Burslem Alec , Isojunno Saana , Pirotta Enrico , Miller Patrick J O 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lipid-store body condition is fundamental to how animals cope with environmental fluctuations, including anthropogenic change. As it provides an energetic buffer, body condition is expected to influence risk-taking strategies, with both positive and negative relationships between body condition and risk-taking posited in the literature. Individuals in good condition may take more risks due to state-dependent safety (‘ability-based’ explanation), or alternatively fewer risks due to asset protection and reduced need to undertake risky foraging (‘needs-based’ explanation). Such state-dependent responses could drive non-linear impacts of anthropogenic activities through feedback between body condition and behavioural disturbance. Here, we present a simple bioenergetic model that explicitly incorporates hypothetical body condition-dependent response strategies for a cetacean, the sperm whale. The model considered the consequences of state-dependent foraging cessation and availability of wax ester (WE) lipids for calf provisioning and female survival. We found strikingly different consequences of disturbance depending on strategy and WE availability scenarios. Compared with the null strategy, where responses to disturbance were independent of body condition, the needs-based strategy mitigated predicted reductions in provisioning by 10%–13%, while the ability-based strategy exaggerated reductions by 63%–113%. Lower WE availability resulted in more extreme outcomes because energy stores were smaller relative to the daily energy balance. In the 0% availability scenario, while the needs-based strategy reduced deaths by 100%, the ability-based strategy increased them by 335% relative to null and by 56% relative to the same strategy under the 5%–6.7% WE availability scenario. These results highlight that state-dependent disturbance responses and energy store availability could substantially impact the population consequences of disturbance. Our ability to set appropriate precautionary disturbance thresholds therefore requires empirical tests of ability- vs needs-based response modification as a function of body condition and a clearer understanding of energy store availability.
Phenotypic plasticity as a facilitator of microbial evolution
Authors: Santiago Emerson , Moreno David F , Acar Murat 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Tossed about by the tides of history, the inheritance of acquired characteristics has found a safe harbor at last in the rapidly expanding field of epigenetics. The slow pace of genetic variation and high opportunity cost associated with maintaining a diverse genetic pool are well-matched by the flexibility of epigenetic traits, which can enable low-cost exploration of phenotypic space and reactive tuning to environmental pressures. Aiding in the generation of a phenotypically plastic population, epigenetic mechanisms often provide a hotbed of innovation for countering environmental pressures, while the potential for genetic fixation can lead to strong epigenetic–genetic evolutionary synergy. At the level of cells and cellular populations, we begin this review by exploring the breadth of mechanisms for the storage and intergenerational transmission of epigenetic information, followed by a brief review of common and exotic epigenetically regulated phenotypes. We conclude by offering an in-depth coverage of recent papers centered around two critical issues: the evolvability of epigenetic traits through Baldwinian adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the potential for synergy between epigenetic and genetic evolution.
Provenance of rhizobial symbionts is similar for invasive and noninvasive acacias introduced to California
Authors: Klock Metha M , Urbina Hector G , Barrett Luke G , Thrall Peter H , Harms Kyle E 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlant–soil interactions can be important drivers of biological invasions. In particular, the symbiotic relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria (i.e. rhizobia) may be influential in invasion success. Legumes, including Australian acacias, have been introduced into novel ranges around the world. Our goal was to examine the acacia–rhizobia symbiosis to determine whether cointroduction of non-native mutualists plays a role in invasiveness of introduced legumes. To determine whether acacias were introduced abroad concurrently with native symbionts, we selected four species introduced to California (two invasive and two noninvasive in the region) and identified rhizobial strains associating with each species in their native and novel ranges. We amplified three genes to examine phylogenetic placement (16S rRNA) and provenance (nifD and nodC) of rhizobia associating with acacias in California and Australia. We found that all Acacia species, regardless of invasive status, are associating with rhizobia of Australian origin in their introduced ranges, indicating that concurrent acacia–rhizobia introductions have occurred for all species tested. Our results suggest that cointroduction of rhizobial symbionts may be involved in the establishment of non-native acacias in their introduced ranges, but do not contribute to the differential invasiveness of Acacia species introduced abroad.
Local tumour residue after microwave ablation for lung cancer: a case report
Authors: Liu Guixian , Gu Miqi , Wang Xin , He Jintao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Thermal ablation has become a novel method for the treatment of pulmonary nodules, but the short-time evaluation of the ablation effect is mainly based on computed tomography images. We report a case of local tumour residue after microwave ablation, which was confirmed by pathology after lobectomy. This case alerts us that thermal ablation should not be the preferred treatment for operable pulmonary nodules.
Retweet for justice? Social media message amplification and Black Lives Matter allyship
Authors: Roden Jessica , Kemp Valerie , Saleem Muniba 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
White allies can advance racial justice on social media by amplifying Black activists and educating their White friends. Social media platforms like Twitter and Instagram have different affordances for message amplification, with some showcasing the message creator and others the message amplifier. How might these visibility differences influence the reception of a message created by a Black activist and amplified by a White ally? Two online experiments (N1 = 328, N2 = 328) of White participants found that affordances prioritizing the White message amplifier over the Black message creator led to reduced perceptions of messenger racism when the message was holding White people accountable for the maintenance of racism. However, participants in these conditions also had a harder time identifying that the message creator was indeed a Black activist. These results demonstrate the important nuances of social identity and allyship effects in the context of social media affordances.
The Utility of Weapons Reviews in Addressing Concerns Raised by Autonomous Weapon Systems
Authors: Copeland Damian , Liivoja Rain , Sanders Lauren 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The obligation to legally review weapons, means and methods of warfare has been identified by the Group of Governmental Experts on Emerging Technologies in the Area of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems as one of its Guiding Principles. Despite calls to share practical measures and processes to undertake this review, national practice remains opaque and fragmented. This article describes the traditional weapons review process and explains why this process may need to be modified to adequately evaluate autonomous weapon systems (AWS). It uses three case studies of fictional AWS in various stages of development and acquisition to demonstrate how existing review processes can be adapted for the review of AWS. This article shows the utility of these reviews for ensuring compliance of AWS with existing legal requirements, thereby also demonstrating the suitability of existing law to regulate the use of this novel technology in warfare.
Monetary Policy in a World of Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Benigno Pierpaolo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Can currency competition affect central banks’ control of interest rates and prices? Yes, it can. In a two-currency world with competing cash (material or digital), the growth rate of the cryptocurrency sets an upper bound on the nominal interest rate and the attainable inflation rate, if the government currency is to retain its role as medium of exchange. In any case, the government has full control of the inflation rate. With an interest-bearing digital currency, equilibria in which government currency loses medium-of-exchange property are ruled out. This benefit comes at the cost of relinquishing control over the inflation rate.
Assessing Fungal Diversity and Abundance in the Black Soldier Fly and its Environment
Authors: Vitenberg Tzach , Opatovsky Itai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Detritivorous insects that flourish in decaying environments encounter microorganisms throughout their life cycle. However, it is not clear whether the microbial composition of the decaying environment affects the microbial composition of the insect gut, or whether the opposite is true, with the microorganisms that are adapted to the insect’s digestive system being dispersed by the insects to new habitats, thereby becoming more and more common in the environment. To test these questions the fungal composition of the black soldier fly (BSF) (Stratiomyidae; Hermetia illucens Linnaeus) larval gut and its surrounding decaying environment (household compost bins) were analyzed using amplicon sequencing. Constancy in the dominance of the genus Candida (Debaryomycetaceae) in most of the environments and larval guts was found. This finding may suggest a ‘core’ structure to the fungal community of the BSF. In locations where nutrient composition of the environment had higher fiber content, the Candida was not dominant and the most common fungi were the genus Gibberella (Nectriaceae) and the family Dipodascaceae. The later was dominant also in the larval gut and the former was replaced with Meyerozyma (Debaryomycetaceae), which may suggest a selection process by the insect’s gut. Little is known about the ecological interactions of insects with eukaryotic microorganisms, such as yeast-like fungi. As their metabolic complexity and ability is intense, they have the potential to dramatically affect the physiological condition of the insect.