bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Granules in the Root-Zone for Rice Planthopper and Leafhopper Control, 1978
Authors: Helnrichs E. A . , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Previous laboratory and field studies have indicated that the residual activity of carbofuran is lengthened when the insecticide is placed in the soil near the roots in comparison to a paddy water broadcast treatment. In a search for additional insecticides which are effective as a root-zone application insecticides were applied at a 0.5 kg ai/ha rate. Granules were placed in genatin capsules and inserted into the root zone of 35 day-old plants at the IRRI Laboratory in Manila. Ten insects were placed on each of four replications at 1, 7 and 14 days after treatment (DT). Mortality was recorded 48 hr after placing the insects on the plants. Mortality values were adjusted using Abbott’s formula.
Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Rice Leaf Folder Control, Irri Laboratory, 1978
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two identical tests were conducted at the IRRI Laboratory in Manila. In each test 10 first instar larvae were placed on 35 day-old plants and allowed to feed and fold leaves for 14 days. Plants were then sprayed with 12.5 ml of a 0.04% concentration (equivalent to 0.8 kg ai/ha) and placed in a room at a temperature of 27 t 1�C. Two days after spraying the rolled leaves were opened and larval mortality determined. Values were adjusted using Abbott’s formula.
Field Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Striped Stem Borer Control, Irri, 1978
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Arceo M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wet season. Insecticides were applied 6 times with a knapsack sprayer at a rate of 1.0 kg ai/ha beginning at 5 days after transplanting (DAT) at the IRRI Laboratory in Manila. Stem borer damage was assessed by counting number of deadhearts in a 10 m^ area (160 plants) at 47 and 73 DAT.
Corn Earworm Control on Grain Sorghum Heads, 1979
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. , Duncan R.R. , Schwehr Robert D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Funk’s G522DR seed was planted in Cecil loamy soil on Jun 28’79. Treatments in Test 1 were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Test 2 treatments were replicated 3 times In a completely random design. All plots were 6.1m × 3 rows. Spray applications were made with a compressed-air sprayer calibrated to deliver 40 gal H2O/acre. Spray was directed over the heads on Sept 12"79 when plants were in the soft dough stage of development. Ten heads per plot were sampled prior to treatment and 5 days after treatment by shaking the heads and counting corn earworm larvae.
Evaluation of Candidate Insecticides for Sugarcane Borer Control, 1978
Authors: Hensley S. D. , Gaudin G. R. , Finger C. M. , Sanford J. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide sprays were applied in a field of sugarcane (variety CP 61-37, plant cane crop) at the Daniel Boudreaux Farm near Napoleonville, LA to determine season-long control of Sugarcane borer (SCB) infestations. A randomized complete block experimental design was employed with 6 replicates. Individual plots were 3 rows × 24 ft on 6 ft centers (0.01 acre). Treatments were applied in water at 30 lb psi to the canopy with a compressed air knapsack sprayer that delivered 25 gallons of finished formulation. Each insecticide was applied 3 times at the following intervals: July 18, August 9 and September 8. Applications were begun when 5% of the stalks contained small SCB larvae in the leaf sheaths and were repeated whenever that level of population occurred again in Guthion-treated plots. The efficacy of different insecticide treatments was determined at harvest-time by comparison of the % internodes bored by SCB larvae in treated plots with the number bored in untreated (control) plots. Twenty stalks were selected at random from the center row of each plot on October 3 and examined for external signs of SCB entrance and exit holes.
Sugarcane Borer Control, 1979
Authors: Reagan T. E. , Flynn J. L. , Hensley S. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide sprays were applied 4 times in a 60-acre block of plant sugarcane (variety CP 61-37) located at Dugas-Leblanc Sugars near Paincourtville, Louisiana, for full-season control of SCB infestations. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with treatments replicated 6 times. Each spray concentrate was applied in water from aircraft to the sugarcane plant canopy at a rate of 2 gal finished formulation/acre/application. Insecticide applications were made after internodes were first visible above ground and whenever at least 5% of the stalks in the Guthion L treatment contained small SCB larvae in leaf sheaths. Four applications of each insecticide were made (July 14, August 3, 25, September 14). The efficacy of insecticide treatments was determined October 4, by comparing percent internodes bored in treated and untreated plots following examination of 100 stalks/plot for external signs of SCB entrance and exit holes. Non-target ground-associated arthropods were continuously sampled in 2 pitfall traps situated centrally 150 ft apart in each plot. Traps, consisting of 1 pt jars f i l l ed with 1 inch of 7 0% ethanol and 0.5 inch of mineral oil were imbedded on the row and covered by a 9 inch diam disc supported by a tripod 1 inch above the Jar and soil surface. Traps were changed triweekly and just prior to each insecticide application. Analyses of variance and orthogonal partitioning of treatments were conducted on % SCB bored internodes and season totals of arthropods collected in pitfall traps.
Apple, Miticide Evaluation Experiment, 1979
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Parrella M. P. , McCaffrey J. P. , Ponton L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied (run-off) to 5 randomly selected trees per treatment in a 1.6-A (ca. .65 ha) block of four-year-old trees at Steeles Tavern, Virginia. This orchard contained four cultivars: Golden Delicious on M 7, Double Red Staymon on MM106, Commander York on MM111 and Triple Red Delicious on MM106. All treatments were applied at 200 psi (14.06 kg/cm2) with a hand gun on a truckmounted Swanson sprayer equipped with a 35-gpm (132.49 liter/mln) pump. Miticide treatments were single applications directed against a specific stage of mite development. Specifically, Apr 30 (overwintering eggs hatching), May 7 (overwintering eggs hatching and young mites present). May 29 (first generation summer eggs hatching). The orchard maintenance sproy program, applied using the alternate middle technique with a Swanson airblast sprayer delivering 25 gpa (233.55 liters/A) at 2 mph (3.22 km/h) and 100 psi (7.03 kg/cm2), consisted of the following materials: Captan 50W10 lb/100 (11.98 g/liter) May 2, 7, 16; Captan50W5 lb/100 (0.60 kg/100 liter) Jun 22, Jul 19, Aug 13; Captan 50W 10 lb/100 (11.98 g/liter) + Carbaryl 50W 1 lb/100 (1.2 g/liter) May 2, Jul 30, Aug 6; Captan 50W 10 lb/100 (11.98 g/liter) + dodine 65W 5 lb/100 (5.99 g/liter) May 25, Jun 1; dodine 65W 5 lb/100 (5.99 g/liter) Jun 5, Jul 3; dodine 65W5 lb/100 (5.99 g/liter) + Carbaryl 50W 1 lb/100 (1.2 g/liter) Jul 11. Five leaves/tree were collected on each sample date, bagged, placed in an ice chest and removed to the laboratory where they were examined with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Data were recorded as mites and mite eggs/leaf.
Mealybug Control on Episcia, 1978
Authors: Price James F. , Harbuagh K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticides were evaluated for phytotoxicity and control of mealybugs on Episcja grown in a shaded greenhouse in Bradenton, FL. High and low temperatures in the greenhouse during the experiment averaged ca. 32°C and 23°C respectively. Light intensity at the bench surface during the day was ca. 38-54 klx. Mealybug populations had developed on Episcia after infested Caladium tubers were placed into pots of test plants. The experimental design was a split plot in 4 blocks with chemical treatments as whole plots and cultivars as subplots. Subplots con-tained one 6-week old plant in a 4-inch pot. Four weekly treatments, beginning June 15'78 were applied with a sprayer equipped with an open cone nozzle pressurized to 40 psi with CO2. Plants were sprayed until all leaf surfaces were fully wet. Temik granules were applied to soil surfaces once at the beginning of the experiment. All leaf surfaces were observed to record numbers of mealybugs (nymphs and adult females) on July 10.
Coleus, P. Citri Control, Wooster, Ohio, 1978
Authors: Lindquist Richard K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied as foliar sprays, soil drenches, and granules at I/2X, IX, and 4X for mealybug control and phytotoxicity evaluations on greenhouse Coleus. Foliar sprays were applied to runoff with a C02 sprayer at 40 psi. Granules were applied to the growing media surface and watered in. Soil drenches were applied at the rate of 120 ml/pot. Foliar sprays were applied on July 7, 20, and Aug 3'78. Soil drench and granular treatments were applied on July 6 and 27. Data are means of 4 replications, with mealybugs recorded from 2 plants per replicate.
Phytotoxicity Test, Ohio, 1979
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three Insecticides were evaluated for phytotoxicity on 20 species and cultivars of woody ornamentals growing in containers at a Lake Co. nursery or at the OARDC. Four plants of 15 species/cultivars at the nursery were sprayed thoroughly June 20'79 with each treat-ment, using a compression CO2 sprayer operating at 40 psi with a TeeJet SS8004 flat fan nozzle. Skies were sunny, temperature 24-27°C, with moderate wind (16-32 kph). A second application was made to 2 of the 4 plants of each variety 14 days later, using the aforementioned technique. On this day temperature was 21�C with clear skies and no wind. The other 5 varieties of plants were sprayed at Woosrer, as above, beginning Aug 9'79 when skies were cloudy, temperature 27°C, and winds of 16-24 kph. Skies were sunny, temperature 27°C with a slight breeze (8-16 kph) during the second application at Woosrer. Treated plants were inspected for phytotoxicity 2,5,7,14,16,19,21, and 28 days after first application.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1979
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 2 replicates/treatment of Golden Delicious and 2 Red Delicious, both spur-type trees. Experimental sprays were applied with a spray gun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35-gpm pump on Jun 9, Jun 25, and Jul 27 to all plots except those treated with the high rate of UC-55248 (Jun 9 only, see footnote ** Table 1), the low rate of SLJ -0312 (Jun 9 and 25, Jul 9 and 25), and both formulations of Ro-12-0470 (Jun 9 and Jul 27). General purpose sprays of 1.5 lb captan 50W, 0.25 lb Guthion 50W, and 1.25 lb Sevin 50W/100 gallons dilute were applied at ca. intervals of 2 wk throughout the summer. Average temperatures were: May 60.3°F, Jun 66.2°F, Jul 70.8°F, Aug 71.3°F, and Sep 64.3°F. Rainfall in inches averages: May 4.03, Jun 2.41, Jul 3.19, Aug 4.88, Sep 8.99. Effectiveness of test materials against the European red mite andA. fallacis was evaluated by making several counts of mites on random samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. Mite population pressure was heavy throughout the season.
Cattle, Control of Face and Horn Flies on Dairy Cattle With Ectrin And Rabon Ear Tags, 1979
Authors: Hall Robert D. , English L. Michael , Doisy Kathy E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plastic ear tags containing 8.0% wt/wt Ectrtn (fenvalerate) were placed 1/head on 17 dairy cows. Tagging was done on June 29 and the cattle maintained on pasture. On July 2, 18 similar animals were treated by placing 13.7% wt/wt Rabon (stirofos) tags in each ear. An additional 24 head were treated on July 5 by affixing a single Rabon tag per head. A separate herd consisting of ca. 20 head was maintained as an untreated control. All animals were pastured within 1 km of one another. Assess-ment of treatment efficacy was made at weekly intervals via inspection of 10 head selected at random from each herd. Face flies were counted on the entire face, and horn flies on a single side of each animal examined. Data thus obtained was converted to common logarithms prior to analysis; however, true averages are reported. The test was terminated when herd management based on lactation forced intermixing of experimental groups.
Chickens, Evaluation of Standard Acaricides for Control Of Northern Fowl Mites, 1979
Authors: Hall R. D. , English L. M. , Vandepopuliere J. M. , Doisy K. E. , Lyons J. J. , Foehse M. C. , Berkebile D. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five field tests were conducted in Missouri using commercial caged layer flocks. Mite populations were assessed prior to and regularly after treatment via visual inspection of 10 to 25 hens selected at random from each replicate. We used the following 0-6 index system: 0 = no mites, 1 = 1-5 mites, 2 = 6-15 mites, 3 = 16-50 mites, 4 = 51-100 mites, 5 = 101-500 mites, and 6 = more than 500 mites. In all cases, acaricide treatment was assigned at random and untreated control replicates incorporated into the experimental design.
Control of Mcdaniel Spider Mite and European Red Mite, 1979
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 15 year old block of Bing cherries was selected for this test. An application of Pydrin 2.4EC at 3 oz/100 gal was used early to eliminate predatory mites. A completely random design was used with 4 single tree replicates per treatment. AM plots were sprayed to the point of drip (400 to 500 gal per A) with handguns at 400 to 500 psi on July 12. Samples of mites were taken at weekly intervals by collecting 25 leaves per tree. Leaves were brushed with a mite brushing machine and the mites counted under a binocular microscope.
Control of Green Peach Aphid, 1979
Authors: Bode W. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A planting of 14 year old 'Sunhigh' peaches was used for this test. Single-tree plots were replicated 6 times each in a complete randomized block design. On each tree 4 branches of ca. equal size (one/quadrant) were tagged for the counting of green peach aphids. The infestation level is expressed as the number of aphid “colonies” per branch. A “colony” is a leaf cluster or shoot with one or more immature aphids on it. A pre-treatment count of aphid colonies was made on May 18. On May 22 treatments were applied to run-off with a high pressure sprayer (400 psi) and handgun. The post-treatment count was made on May 29.
Peach, Control of Tarnished Plant Bug, 1979
Authors: Caldwell D. L. , Kearby W. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two systemic insecticides, Temik 10G and Vydate L were tested in 1979 for control of the tarnished plant bug at Stark Bro's Nurseries and Orchards in Louisiana, Mo. Control of this pest is necessary during the first year of scion growth because the plant bug feeds on the apical meristem which results in stunted and malformed plants. A test plot was set up in a randomized complete block in 2 locations 15 miles apart. One plot (var. July Elberta) was situated on a sand-silt soil (Beaucoup-Wakeland-Tifus series). The other plot (var. Red Haven) was on a heavier silt-loam (Fatima series). Each treatment and the check were replicated 3 times at each location. Due to different plant densities, the Red Haven plot had 25 plants/replicate, the July Elberta plot had 16 plants/replicate. Treatments were applied during the first year of scion growth. Plants were about 5-6 inches tall at the time of the first treatment and grew 30-40 inches during the test period. Temik 10G was applied on May 15 and was soil incorporated by digging a trench with a spade on both sides of the row, 2-3 inches in depth and 8-12 inches from the base of the plants. Temik plots were watered with 10 gal/replicate on May 22 because of dry weather. Vydate L was applied to run-off with a hand pump sprayer on May 17, June 2, and June 21. Total rainfall during the test period was 4.57 inches. Stunted apical meristems were counted weekly. The percent damaged meristems was transformed by the arcsin ratio and analyzed as a split plot in time. The means generated from this analysis of variance were compared by LSD. The data from the 2 locations were combined to test for differences between location and the first interaction with location. No differences were found for location. Data are listed as percentage of damaged apical meristems.
Potato Leafhopper Control on Snap Beans, 1978
Authors: Avery P. , Lambdin P. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. 'Bush blue lake' snapbeans were planted into Holston silt loam soil on May 11. Plots consisted of single row treatments 10 ft long, 40 in. wide with seeds spaced 3-4 in. apart. Three granular insecticides were applied in a 6 in. band and incorporated 2-3 in. into the soil on May 11. Ten foliar insecticides were applied to run off at 30 psi with a “back-pack” CO2 pressure sprayer on Jul 8. Visual counts of leafhoppers were made Jul 11, Jul 15, and Jul 18.
Effect of Soil Systemic Insecticides - Popup Fertilizer Mix on Yield of Lima Beans, 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Beans were planted and treated May 15. Plots were 2-rows, 400-ft long, 3-ft row width and replicated 4 times in RCB. Soil was a sandy loam. Plots were treated at planting by mixing insecticides with pop up fertilizer (10-34-0, 100 lb/A) in 16 gal water/acre and injected 2 in. below and 2 in. to one side of the seed. When mature, 15 ft of each row was harvested for yield.
Collards, Pest Management, 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. , Russell Charles 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Collards were transplanted March 17. Plots were 1 row, 50-ft long with 3-ft row width. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 reps. Soil type was a loamy sand and received 7 in rain and 1.75 in irrigation. Plots were sprayed by hand with Dipel (0.5 lb/acre) in 50 gal water/acre at 30 psi. Ten plants/plot were sampled 2x weekly and treated when the experimental threshold level was reached. When mature, 10 small, 10 medium, and 10 large leaves/plot were examined and scored for caterpillar feeding damage.
Collard Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A . , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Vates' collards were transplanted on Aug 28, near Benson, NC. Single-row plots 20-ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5-ft alleys between replications. Two maintenance sprays were made using Dipel and Sevin prior to start of test. Spray applications were made on Oct 3, 10, 17, 24, Nov 3, 13, and 20 for a total of 7 applications. A maneb fungicide was applied at all spray dates. All sprays were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre using a 2.5-gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a single hollow cone nozzle. Worm and aphid counts were made on three plants per plot on Oct 31 and Nov 29. Plants were harvested and worm damage evaluations were made on both dates. Damage class ratings were: 0 = no damage, 1 = a few holes in wrapper leaves, 2 = a few holes in inner leaves, 3 = badly damaged, no marketable value.
Corn Earworm Control Experiment, 1979
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six spray treatments were applied to sweet corn at the University of Arizona Experiment Station (Valley) beginning Jun 1 (10% silk). Applications were made at 3 and 6-day intervals beginning Jun 1 with a CO2 backpack sprayer dispensing 40 gpa and 40 psi. Plots of 12 ft of row were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Ears were harvested Jun 19. Categories used in evaluation were: 1) clean - no evidence of corn-earworm, 2) tip injury - slight to medium injury to tip up to 2 inches, 3) unmarketable - ears with extensive injury.
Apple Insects, 1979
Authors: Fisher G. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pesticides in the insect trials were applied in a IX dilution (lb/100 gal H2O at 250 psi) so that foliage and fruit were treated to the run-off point. All treatments of insecticides were made on a regular apple schedule allowing approximately 14-da interval between cover sprays. Mature Standard 'Delicious', 'Mcintosh' and 'Cortland' trees were randomized and replicated 4 times in a 125-tree block. Application dates were: Apr 26 (half-inch green - fungicide only). May 3 (tight cluster). May 11 (pink), May 15 (full bloom - fungicide only). May 18 (petal fall). Cover sprays were: May 26, Jun 2, 11, 23 (last application of Pydrin rates) Jul 1, 8, 18, Aug 1, and 15. Evaluations were made as final harvest fruit scoring. Disease control was accomplished by use of standard fungicide applications of Capfan, Cyprex and Benomyl. Severe scab conditions and poor fruifset made evaluations difficult, but insect injury was determined by slicing all fruit. Harvest evaluations were made Sep 10 to 17.
Insect Control on Peppers, Delaware, 1979; Sweet Pepper1
Authors: Burbutis Paul P. , Kanour William , Ward Dave 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were replicated 4 times, in 3-row, 30 ft long plots in a randomized complete block design. The plants were set out on May 15 in 36 inch rows. Sprays were applied, using a 2-gal, C02-pressurized, stainless steel sprayer at 38 psi in 1 gal water (= 40 gal/acre), to both sides of the 3 rows. All the commercial size, mixed red and green fruit were harvested on Aug 20 and Sep 10 from the middle row of each plot and inspected for worm infestations. One hundred leaves (25/plot) were randomly sampled from the middle row of each plot every 10-14 days for Green peach aphid counts. This test was conducted on a cooperotor's farm in Staytonville, DE. HOT CHERRY PEPPERS: These treatments were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 3-rows wide by 18 ft long and the plants were direct-seeded. Spray applications and sampling for borers were the same as for the sweet peppers. This test was conducted at the University Substation in Georgetown, DE.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control and Potato Yields, 1979
Authors: Margolies D. C. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Superior' potatoes were planted on May 11 at Taylor Farm, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The soil type was a fine sandy loam. Each plot consisted of a single, 10 m row bordered on both sides by an untreated row. Temik was applied directly to the seed furrow at planting with a Gandy applicator (Line Tender Model). The Temik sided re ss was applied in a band 20 cm to one side of the row on Jun 21. Foliar treatments were applied with a 3 gal stainless steel backpack sprayer at 40-50 psi and a delivery of 80 gal/acre. Foliar spray applications were made on Jun 21, 28, Jul 19, 26, and Aug 1. Evaluation of the various insecticidal treatments utilized direct counts of the number of potato beetle larvae/10 hills and foliar injury ratings. Damage was rated on a scale of 0-5 as follows: 0) no damage; 1) occasional chewing, noticeable only on close inspection; 2) clearly visible signs of feeding but less than 50% of leaves damoged; 3) heavy feeding on 50% of leaves; 4) greater than 50% of plant damaged but not completely defoliated; 5) defoliated. Yields were taken on Aug 20.