bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KCC2 receptor upregulation potentiates antinociceptive effect of GABAAR agonist on remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia
Authors: Gao Yuan , Zhan Wenqiang , Jin Yushi , Chen Xiaodan , Cai Jinxia , Zhou Xiaotian , Huang Xinyi , Zhao Qimin , Wang Weijian , Sun Jiehao 
Published: March 2022

GABAergic system disinhibition played an important role in the pathogenesis of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia (RIH). K+-Cl--cotransporter-2 (KCC2) has the potential to enhance the strength of GABAergic signaling function. However, few reports have focused on the additive analgesic effect of KCC2 enhancer and GABAA receptor agonist on the spinal dorsal horn. Therefore, we evaluated the role of GABA type A receptor (GABAAR) agonist (muscimol), KCC2 enhancer (CLP257) in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia, as well as GABA and KCC2 receptors responses in the dorsal spinal horn. Remifentanil started to reduce paw withdrawal mechanical thresholds at postoperative 4 h and lasted to 72 h. The RIH associated decreases in spinal GABA release was transient. The amount of spinal GABA transmitter by microdialysis was observed to be decreased at the beginning and reached bottom at 150 min, then returned to the baseline level at 330 min. The synthesis and transportation of GABA transmitter were inhibited, characterized as spinal GAD67 and GAT1 downregulation after the establishment of RIH model. The effect of RIH on GABA receptor downregulation was linked to the reduced expression of spinal KCC2 receptor. This decrease in KCC2 expression has coincided with an early loss of GABA inhibition. KCC2 enhancer, which is reported to lead to a reduction in intracellular Cl−, can enhance GABA-mediated inhibitory function. Both muscimol and CLP257 could dose-dependently inhibit mechanical hypersensitivity caused by remifentanil-induced downregulation of GABAAα2R and KCC2, respectively. Compared with muscimol acting alone, the joint action of CLP257 and muscimol showed a higher pain threshold and less c-fos expression via upregulation of KCC2 and GABAAα2R. Taken together, these findings suggested that the RIH was initiated by decreased GABA release. Downregulation of GABAAα2R and KCC2 receptor contributed to spinally mediated hyperalgesia in RIH. KCC2 enhancer was proved to potentiate antinociceptive effect of GABAAR agonist in RIH.
“Patients would probably be more compliant to therapy if encouraged by those around them”: a qualitative study exploring primary care physicians’ perceptions on barriers to CVD risk management
Authors: Kumar Nikansha , Mohammadnezhad Masoud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPublic health prevention strategies have been developed to overcome the disease burden. Despite all the available resources, there have been several challenges in keeping up with the practices in Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) risk management. The aim of this study is to explore Primary Care Physicians’ (PCP) perceptions on barriers to CVD risk management and strategies to overcome these barriers in Suva, Fiji.MethodsThis is a qualitative study conducted in the Suva Medical area among 7 health centers from August 1st to September 30th, 2021. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants who provided in-depth and detailed information. From those physicians who worked in the Suva medical area as Primary Health Care (PHC) physicians, those who had at least 6 months experience and those who had some Special Outpatients Department (SOPD) exposure, in-depth interview was conducted using semi-structured questionnaire over the telephone and recorded in a mobile app. The interview content was then transcribed and thematic analysis was done.ResultsThis study included 25 PHC physicians. From the thematic analysis, 2 major themes were developed including perceived barriers to CVD risk management and some of the strategies to overcome these barriers. Some of the barriers identified include patient factors such as non-compliance, physician factors such as time-constraints and lack of training, and health system factors such as poor medical records system and lack of basic resource. The strategic support systems include patient expectations, physician’s encouragement, utilization of resources, laws and legislations and continuing evidence-based medicine.ConclusionsPhysicians’ perceptions on the barriers and the strategies to overcome those barriers in CVD risk management plays an important role. The barriers include those of physician factors, patient factors and the health system as a whole. It is suggested to encourage shared-decision making in CVD management, enhance physician support and reinforce policies and research to bring about positive change and improvements in the quality of care.
Incidence of lower respiratory tract infection and associated viruses in a birth cohort in the Philippines
Authors: Otani Kanako , Saito Mayuko , Okamoto Michiko , Tamaki Raita , Saito-Obata Mariko , Kamigaki Taro , Lirio Irene C. , Segubre-Mercado Edelwisa , Tallo Veronica , Lupisan Socorro , Oshitani Hitoshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children. However, the etiological role of viruses and the timing of developing LRTI are not well defined.

Methods
We analyzed the data of a prospective cohort study in the Philippines as a birth cohort. We detected LRTI among children who visited healthcare facilities with respiratory symptom, and collected nasopharyngeal swabs for virus detection. We analyzed the incidence rates (IRs) and cumulative proportion of LRTI and severe LRTI by age group and each virus detected.

Results
A total of 350 LRTI episodes were observed from 473 child-years yielded from 419 children. The IRs of LRTI were 70.8, 70.7, and 80.8 per 100 child-years for 0–5, 6–11, and 12–23 months of age, respectively. By 12 months of age, 45% of children developed LRTI at least once. Rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the most frequently detected viruses in all age groups. However, the IRs of influenza virus were low especially at 0–5 months of age.

Conclusions
We identified various patterns of age-specific IRs of LRTI and severe LRTI for different viruses, which should be considered to establish more effective interventions including vaccinations.
High expression of p62/SQSTM1 predicts shorter survival for patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Philipson Eva , Engström Cecilia , Naredi Peter , Bourghardt Fagman Johan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccumulation of the signal adaptor protein p62 has been demonstrated in many forms of cancer, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although data from experimental studies suggest that p62 accumulation accelerates the development of PDAC, the association between p62 protein expression and survival in PDAC patients is unclear.MethodsThirty-three tumor specimens from PDAC patients treated by primary surgery were obtained. Immunohistochemical expression of p62, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), and nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in tumor tissue was examined for associations with clinicopathological characteristics and disease-specific survival (DSS).ResultsThere was no association between p62 expression and any of the clinicopathological variables. However, high p62 protein expression in tumor cells was significantly associated with shorter DSS (7 months vs. 29 months,p = 0.017). The hazard ratio for death in patients with high p62 protein expression in tumor cells was 2.88 (95% confidence interval: 1.17–7.11,p = 0.022). In multivariable analysis, high p62 expression was an independent prognostic factor for shorter DSS (p = 0.020) when follow up time was more than 5 years. LC3 and NRF2 staining was not associated with survival or other clinicopathological parameters.ConclusionOur results show that high p62 protein expression in tumor cells is associated with shorter survival following pancreatic tumor resection. This association supports a role for p62 as a prognostic marker in patients with PDAC treated by primary surgery.
The combination of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness, and prevalence of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and older men: WASEDA’S Health Study
Authors: Wang Dong , Sawada Susumu S. , Tabata Hiroki , Kawakami Ryoko , Ito Tomoko , Tanisawa Kumpei , Higuchi Mitsuru , Ishii Kaori , Oka Koichiro , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Sakamoto Shizuo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Although the negative relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) or muscular fitness and diabetes mellitus were respectively observed in many previous studies, there is still a lack of studies that include CRF and muscular fitness simultaneously. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the combination of CRF and muscular fitness and diabetes through a cross-sectional study.

Methods
This study was part of WASEDA'S Health Study, a cohort study launched in 2014. We used a part of the baseline data collected for this study. Maximal exercise test using a cycle ergometer and leg extension power (LEP) test were respectively used to evaluate CRF and muscular fitness. Since LEP is affected by body weight, relative LEP (rLEP) which is LEP per body weight, was used as an index of muscular fitness. 796 men (56.5 ± 10.4 years old) who completed a medical examination and fitness tests, were divided into two groups based on CRF and rLEP, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes was collected based on a self-reported questionnaire or blood test. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the prevalence of diabetes were obtained using logistic regression models while adjusting for age, body mass index, exercise habits, family history of diabetes, smoking habits, and drinking habits.

Results
55 (7%) participants had diabetes. Compared to participants with lower CRF or rLEP, the odds ratio (95% CIs) of diabetes in those with higher CRF or rLEP was 0.46 (0.21–0.98) or 0.34 (0.16–0.74), respectively. Furthermore, using the lower CRF and lower rLEP group as the reference, the odds ratio (95% CIs) for the lower CRF and higher rLEP group was 0.32 (0.12–0.88), and higher CRF and higher rLEP group was 0.21 (0.07–0.63), after adjusting for potential confounding factors.

Conclusions
CRF and rLEP have independent and joint inverse associations with diabetes prevalence. In addition, participants with high CRF and high rLEP had a lower prevalence of diabetes compared to those with only high CRF or only high rLEP.
Magnitude and determinants of treatment outcome among surgically treated patients with intestinal obstruction at Public Hospitals of Wolayita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study, 2021
Authors: Batebo Muhaba , Loriso Bereket , Beyene Tilahun , Haile Yosef , Hailegebreal Samuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundProcedures to treat intestinal obstruction range from minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery to more complicated open surgical procedures. It may end with high morbidity and mortality because of different reasons. It is very important to know about the determinants of favorable outcome of surgical management for intestinal obstruction however, little is known about this problem at public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia.MethodsFacility based cross sectional study was conducted. A total of 230 medical records which fulfill the inclusion criteria were used for this study. Variables with p value of less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were entered in multivariable logistic regression to control confounding. Finally, odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to identify variables which were significantly associated with dependent variable.ResultsAccording to this study the magnitude of favorable surgical management outcome of intestinal obstruction was 177(77.0%) [95% CI, 71.4, 82.4]. Having small bowel obstruction (AOR = 2.49) [95% CI 1.91, 5.12], having simple bowel obstruction (AOR = 4.32) [95% CI, 2.00, 9.35], early presentation of patients (AOR = 4.44) [95% CI, 1.99, 9.92] and intraoperative procedure other than resection and anastomosis was performed (AOR = 0.45) [95% CI, 0.21, 0.96] were significantly associated with favorable outcome among surgically treated patients.ConclusionThe overall magnitude of favorable surgical management outcome of intestinal obstruction was moderate compared to other study. Having small bowel obstruction, having simple bowel obstruction, other procedure other than resection and anastomosis done, and early presentation of patients were significant predictors. Physicians should diagnose intestinal obstruction early and appropriate interventions should be taken on time before the complication happened. On time consultation and decision at the hospital setting is also recommended.
Ureteral reimplantation during augmentation cystoplasty is not needed for vesicoureteral reflux in patients with neurogenic bladder: a long-term retrospective study
Authors: Chiba Hiroki , Kitta Takeya , Higuchi Madoka , Kusakabe Naohisa , Kon Masafumi , Nakamura Michiko , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the need for ureteral reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) during augmentation cystoplasty (AC) in the long term.

Methods
A total of 19 patients with a median age at surgery of 14 years (3–38 years) who underwent AC for neurogenic bladder with VUR between 1983 and 2016 were included in this study. The changes in VUR grade and urodynamic findings were retrospectively evaluated. We evaluated the renal function by periodic inspection of serum creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate; eGFR.

Results
The median follow-up period from AC was 14.8 years (5.7–30 years). VUR was detected in 19 patients, involving 27 ureters. Reflux grade was V in 6, IV in 9, III in 5, II in 6, and I in 1. Ureteral reimplantation was not performed in 18 patients (26 ureters), whereas it was done for 1 patient (1 ureter) in the early era of our experience. Postoperative videourodynamics showed that the reflux was radiologically not verifiable in 23 ureters (85%), was downgraded in 3 ureters (11%), and was unchanged in 1 ureter (3%). There were no cases of deterioration of VUR.

Conclusions
Ureteral reimplantation is not necessary for VUR during augmentation cystoplasty.
Evaluation of the learning curve for conformal sphincter preservation operation in the treatment of ultralow rectal cancer
Authors: Ding Hai-bo , Wang Lin-hui , Sun Ge , Yu Guan-yu , Gao Xian-hua , Zheng Kuo , Gong Hai-feng , Sui Jin-ke , Zhu Xiao-ming , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the learning curve of conformal sphincter preservation operation (CSPO) in the treatment of ultralow rectal cancer and to further explore the influencing factors of operation time.MethodsFrom August 2011 to April 2020, 108 consecutive patients with ultralow rectal cancer underwent CSPO by the same surgeon in the Department of Colorectal Surgery of Changhai Hospital. The moving average and cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM) curve were used to analyze the learning curve. The preoperative clinical baseline data, postoperative pathological data, postoperative complications, and survival data were compared before and after the completion of learning curve. The influencing factors of CSPO operation time were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsAccording to the results of moving average and CUSUM method, CSPO learning curve was divided into learning period (1–45 cases) and learning completion period (46–108 cases). There was no significant difference in preoperative clinical baseline data, postoperative pathological data, postoperative complications, and survival data between the two stages. Compared with the learning period, the operation time (P< 0.05), blood loss (P< 0.05), postoperative flatus and defecation time (P< 0.05), liquid diet time (P< 0.05), and postoperative hospital stay (P< 0.05) in the learning completion period were significantly reduced, and the difference was statistically significant. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that distance of tumor from anal verge (≥ 4cm vs. < 4cm,P= 0.039) and T stage (T3 vs. T1-2,P= 0.022) was independent risk factors for prolonging the operation time of CSPO.ConclusionsFor surgeons with laparoscopic surgery experience, about 45 cases of CSPO are needed to cross the learning curve. At the initial stage of CSPO, beginners are recommended to select patients with ultralow rectal cancer whose distance of tumor from anal verge is less than 4 cm and tumor stage is less than T3 for practice, which can enable beginners to reduce the operation time, accumulate experience, build self-confidence, and shorten the learning curve on the premise of safety.
On the selection of the number of beamformers in beamforming-based binaural reproduction
Authors: Ifergan Itay , Rafaely Boaz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, spatial audio reproduction has been widely researched with many studies focusing on headphone-based spatial reproduction. A popular format for spatial audio is higher order Ambisonics (HOA), where a spherical microphone array is typically used to obtain the HOA signals. When a spherical array is not available, beamforming-based binaural reproduction (BFBR) can be used, where signals are captured with arrays of a general configuration. While shown to be useful, no comprehensive studies of BFBR have been presented and so its limitations and other design aspects are not well understood. This paper takes an initial step towards developing a theory for BFBR and develops guidelines for selecting the number of beamformers. In particular, the average directivity factor of the microphone array is proposed as a measure for supporting this selection. The effect of head-related transfer function (HRTF) order truncation that occurs when using too many beamformer directions is presented and studied. In addition, the relation between HOA-based binaural reproduction and BFBR is discussed through analysis based on a spherical array. A simulation study is then presented, based on both a spherical and a planar array, demonstrating the proposed guidelines. A listening test verifies the perceptual attributes of the methods presented in this study. These results can be used for more informed beamformer design for BFBR.
Exploration of the definition and components of food and nutrition literacy among junior secondary school students: a qualitative study
Authors: Samruayruen Kingkaew , Kitreerawutiwong Nithra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundFood and nutrition literacy (FANLit) has been proposed to promote healthy diet behaviour and is believed to decrease the prevalence of overweight, obesity and chronic disease. However, the perspective of junior secondary school students, aged 12–15 years and stakeholders towards FANLit is not well-defined. Thus, this study aims to explore the definition and components of FANLit.MethodsThis qualitative study was carried out in Health region 2 including Phitsanulok, Sukhothai, Tak, Uttradit and Pethchboon. 49 participants from national and regional levels of Thailand were recruited. Data were collected by in-depth interview and focus group discussion using semi-structured questionnaire. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFANLit is defined as an individual’s level of knowledge and skills (fundamental, interactive and critical) that relates to food and nutrition for appropriate selection of food and nutrient. Four themes of FANLit were identified as follows: 1) food and nutrition knowledge (Subthemes: food knowledge, food understanding, nutrition knowledge and nutrition understanding), 2) functional food and nutrition literacy (Subthemes: accessing to food and nutrition information, food selection, food preparation, daily food and nutrition planning and management), 3) interactive food and nutrition literacy (Subthemes: communication with others, sharing and discussion), and 4) critical food and nutrition literacy (Subthemes: information used in decision making, healthy food selection and effective budgeting).ConclusionThe results presented beneficial information regarding FANLit definition which is the initial stage to develop the assessing instrument and the intervention to improve FANlit in the adolescent group.
Struggle for Survival: The Hispanic Land Grants of New Mexico, 1848–2001
Authors: Gonzales Phillip B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At the end of the Mexican-American War in 1848, the United States annexed what had been the Mexican Department of New Mexico, and as it did, it absorbed millions of acres of agro-pastoral land whose parcels had been under a communal system of ownership by Mexican citizen-villagers. From the heirs’ point of view, the subsequent American system of adjudicating ownership of these traditional properties proved inadequate, leading to the loss of two-thirds of their commons to American land speculators and the U. S. National Forest. Like the Native Americans, the heirs of these grants have long seethed in resentment over the steady erosion of their hold on their traditional lands and culture. This article outlines the processes of despoliation of the land grants from their original owners, and, more centrally, suggests the historical cycles of collective struggle that the heirs have mounted since the 1840s in order to retain and wrest back their commons, as well as organize the grants that they have been able to secure. A stubborn land-grant movement has gone through various forms of collective action including clandestine violence, protest confrontation, legal strategies, and political lobbying. In the most recent phase, activists have hopeful signs that the U.S. Congress is ready to respond to their demand for return of commons now under federal jurisdiction.