bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropological Perspectives on Superdiversity
Authors: Berg Mette Louise 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses anthropological perspectives on superdiversity and includes reflections on why anthropology as a discipline has been reluctant to engage with the term. Superdiversity and its reception within the discipline is then compared with how semantically proximate concepts—namely migration, transnationalism, and multiculture—were received and developed. The long shadow of functionalism and its interest in stasis and bounded culture is discussed, and alternative or subliminal genealogies for superdiversity are presented, including, especially, the anthropology of the Caribbean. The discipline’s reluctance to engage with race and working-class culture is contextualized, and it is shown how this led to scholarship on multiculture developing separately from that of migration. The emergence of transnationalism in the 1990s made it possible for anthropology to reconceptualize long-held ideas around mixing, cultural fluidity, and relationships between culture and territoriality, but transnationalism was relatively weak on the understanding of interethnic relations in areas of migrant settlement. It is noted that transnationalism poses fundamental challenges to ethnographic fieldwork conventionally conceived, and that this is also the case for superdiversity. To overcome these challenges, it is proposed that collaborative, participatory, and team-based ethnographies that also seek to decolonize ethnography, offer a promising way forward. In the conclusion, proposals are made that seek to bring anthropological engagements with superdiversity into constructive dialogue with work on racism, multiculture, deportation, and intersecting inequalities.
Superdiversity in Settler Societies
Authors: Spoonley Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Superdiversity has been critiqued by some as being too wedded to elements of modernity and universality, and too little to decoloniality. This chapter acknowledges this critique and explores the options and key elements with regard to a particular group of settler societies—Aotearoa/New Zealand, Canada, and Australia. All three have seen a diversification of domestic diversity as a result of managed migration policy frameworks, but this diversification of diversity is complicated by ongoing processes of colonization and the marginalization of indigenous communities and nations. If superdiversity is to have utility and to continue to address the criticisms arising from those concerned with decoloniality, then conceptualizations of it need to address the role and influence of indigeneity, including the coproduction of conceptual frameworks and policy options with indigenous scholars and communities; the nature and influence of “White” hegemonic groups; and the particular nature of highly structured and managed systems of immigrant recruitment in order to recognize and address the intersection of this diversity with structural inequalities and to retain a critical approach to diversity management policies. This chapter explores the elements that are central to a decolonial superdiversity in the context of certain settler societies.
Mapping Superdiversity
Authors: Stansfeld Katherine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter maps the concept of superdiversity in relation to debates in human geography on mobilities, spatial complexity, globalization, and conviviality. Through framing superdiversity as a spatial concept, the chapter attempts to answer the question of what superdiversity refers to, reflecting on how it manifests through spatial scales from the global, to urban, to local. It argues that this spatial approach is important for investigating how superdiversity as a concept responds to a relational condition of time-space compression that involves global metropoles and small localities; the mobile and immobile; the “majority” and “minority.” This approach questions the extent to which superdiversity is an urban condition by engaging with debates on transnational urbanism, glocalization, and relational urban ontologies. Exploring superdiversity as a local experience, it draws attention to the neighborhood as a translocal, multiscalar site for researching the more-than-representational experience of living with difference. The chapter examines how the superdiversity concept can respond to the multiplicity of city life and provide a lens through which to address the power-geometries of social differentiation. Reflecting on empirical research, it argues that using superdiversity in tandem with other key geographical concepts can facilitate a nuanced understanding of the social and cultural complexities, the inequalities, and the affective experience of living together.
Transformations, Complexity, and Rapid Change
Authors: Hylland Eriksen Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The diversification of diversity signaled through the concept of superdiversity can be contextualized through a broader, global approach emphasizing the acceleration of acceleration since around 1990, owing mainly to economic deregulation and the globalization of neoliberalism, but also to technological developments, notably, the Internet and mobile telephony, and phenomena such as the containerization of shipping. Fast change limits people’s options for economic, social, and cultural reproduction. The outcomes of this destabilized situation may range from nativism and traditionalism at one end of the spectrum, to creolization and mixing at the other end. The superdiverse society created by more encompassing processes of accelerated change may thus periodically come to be dominated by withdrawal into traditionalist identities, as recent political developments in Europe and elsewhere have suggested. Belonging has been destabilized; cultural continuity is fragmented; and group identity and boundaries are under negotiation. The chapter addresses these issues by considering some ethnographic contributions to contemporary urban diversity, comparing them to earlier work on pluralism and showing in what ways the superdiverse society is also a postplural one.
Superdiversity from a Historical Perspective
Authors: Schrover Marlou 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In general, historians are skeptical when new terms are introduced, asking whether the term and what it seeks to describe are really new. Over time, researchers have introduced new terms to describe the diversities and complexities they observe. And they have often observed that what they experienced was new, and of unprecedented and ever-increasing speed, scale, and scope. That observation is in some measure true, but it does not mean there are no similarities in how migrants relate to their migrations; how societies, countries of origin, transit, and destination) respond to their departures and arrivals; and how change shapes or influences an experience. There is merit in pointing out newness. But there is also merit in pointing out and explaining continuities. There is continuity in the introduction of new terms. Authors have introduced a multitude of terms, and the differences between them are often not as large as those who coin them suggest. Past differences and changes are easily smoothed over. This chapter shows that problematizing migration today works by deproblematizing that of the past, by homogenizing groups, mostly in retrospect, and by denying the complexities of the past.
From A Priori Respect to Human Frailty
Authors: Allais Lucy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As a result of his central concern with a priori and universal conditions of the possibility of various human phenomena, Kant is sometimes thought not to be concerned with moral psychology, much less empirical, embodied moral psychology, and he is often taken to be disproportionately focused on a priori, ideal features of agency, such as the a priori conditions of practical reason. In contrast, this chapter explores Kant’s detailed account of the flawed nature of actual human agents. He takes all actual human agents to be deeply and systematically flawed, frail, corrupt, opaque to ourselves and often seriously self-deceived and disunified, and arguably takes this to follow from or be part of our situatedness (since it is something we are born into and arises at least partly out of relating to others), as well as from his account of the a priori commitments of practical reason.
The Moral Psychology of Respect
Authors: Darwall Stephen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There are two major kinds of respect: recognition respect and appraisal respect. The latter is an appraising evaluative attitude of esteem––more specifically, moral esteem for someone’s character or conduct. Recognition respect, by contrast, consists in treatment, more specifically, taking account or giving (due) consideration to something, and the constraints and conditions its nature places upon us, in deliberating about how to conduct ourselves in relation to it. There are many different forms of recognition respect. Moral recognition respect consists in giving due deliberative weight to moral considerations and to beings who are morally considerable, including persons and their dignity, in second-personal relations of mutual accountability. There is, however, another kind of respect for persons that is not moral and that can come into tension with moral recognition respect: honour respect for our different ‘persons’ or ‘personae’ in the sense of our presented selves and social statuses. And there are yet other forms of recognition respect––for example, for expertise or epistemic authority, indeed, for anything that we fail to take adequate account of at our (or their) peril.
The Moral Psychology of Humour
Authors: Olin Lauren 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
While there is controversy about whether the comic domain is normative, many questions about humour are readily described as moral or ethical. Familiar jokes involve pernicious stereotypes about women, members of LGBTQ communities, and members of marginalized ethnic and racial groups, for instance. This chapter critically summarizes classical approaches to humour and the ethics of humour, then introduces recent empirical developments that seem relevant to broader projects in the moral psychology of emotion, motivation, disagreement, evolution, and the development of personality. It concludes with the suggestion that questions about features of comic judgment have substantive connections to traditional questions about the moral psychology of value, and that these connections merit substantive investigations.
The Moral Psychology of Victimization
Authors: Niemi Laura , Young Liane 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter proposes a more comprehensive understanding of victimization in the context of current theories about the structure of moral cognition and people’s experiences as victims, harm-doers, and helpers. In Section §45.2, ‘Explaining victim-blaming’, we review research on mechanisms for victim blame, and describe recent studies examining individual differences in moral values to understand victim blame. In §45.3, ‘Who wants to be a victim?’, we question the notion of victimhood culture, citing evidence from psychological science showing that, by and large, people don’t exploit the victim role to receive undue care. Generally, they minimize experiences as victims, to retain beliefs of safety and social position. In §45.4, ‘Victimization and moral structure’, we describe the damaging effects of victimization at the personal and societal levels, and how healthier moral judgment of the self and others requires revising models of moral cognition that mirror the victim/perpetrator dyad.
Reason as Servant of the Will
Authors: Irwin Terence 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Voluntarist critics of Aquinas, especially Henry of Ghent, argue that Aquinas’ intellectualist views about belief, desire, and will do not justify his claims about responsibility. Voluntarism maintains that the will is free not to follow the conclusions of intellect about the best course of action. The voluntarist account of will tries to avoid the intellectualist errors that obscure the distinctive features of the will and its freedom. Godfrey of Fontaines replies that the voluntarist criticism of Aquinas’ intellectualism for doing away with freedom is self-defeating, because voluntarism undermines the essentially rational character of the will. The difficulties that arise for voluntarism suggest that the initial voluntarist assumptions about freedom and self-determination are open to question.
Maritime Industry
Authors: Gibbs Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The archaeological study of maritime industries can potentially encompass a bewildering array of artefacts, sites, structures, landscapes, vessels, mechanisms, processes, and communities on land, in intertidal zones, on and in the water, and on submerged land surfaces. This chapter presents whaling as a case study, focusing on the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. During this period whaling emerged as a global industry operating at different scales from pelagic fleets roaming the oceans of the world, to small seasonal shore stations. In particular this section reviews recent work by Australian archaeologists towards a systematic approach to studying whaling at a national level.
Ceramic Production
Authors: Casella Eleanor Conlin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Representing the largest class of artefacts recovered from post-medieval and historic sites, ceramics play a central role in the archaeology of industrialized societies. This chapter outlines the main production technologies involved in the creation of ceramic domestic wares and clay smoking pipes. It demonstrates how changes in fabric type and manufacture technologies reflected a broader shift from craft-based local production and distribution networks to industrial mass-production and globalized commercial distribution. It also summarizes the primary diagnostic characteristics commonly used for both stylistic and archival dating of these ubiquitous post-medieval artefacts. Finally, this chapter highlights the role of ceramics in archaeological studies of aesthetic and decorative changes, ethnicity and colonialism, social identities, consumption patterns, and domestic foodways.
Food Processing
Authors: Patrick Amber , Steyne Hanna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the relationship between industrialization and food processing. Changes in food processing approaches took place as a result of technological improvements and/or changes in health, safety, and hygiene standards. The industrialization of food processing included the adoption of technology, such as steam power, from other industries, and the adaptation of processes for specialist use, such as milling of cereals, sugar, and in cider production. There was almost constant change in the technology of food processing through the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, resulting in varied levels of survival of archaeological remains, whether buildings or machinery. Refrigeration was one of the most important industrial developments in food production and processing, allowing for the preservation and global distribution of perishable goods. This chapter explores the development of industrial technology within the food processing industry, and the varied impacts of industrialization, internationally, on food production and distribution.
Ceramics and Pottery
Authors: Jeffries Nigel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Among the most familiar archaeological material signatures of the late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century world is British-made pottery decorated with the ubiquitous Willow Pattern transfer print. This chapter traces the history of this design since its inception in the late eighteenth century within the context of the British ceramic revolution, before assessing the romantic story that became associated with the pattern. Willow Pattern representation in song, verse, literature, and other mediums during the Victorian period is also considered. After examining Willow Pattern services related to three contemporary households at different ends of the social spectrum in Victorian London, this chapter concludes by reviewing how the pattern has remained in popular culture and influenced design during the twentieth and twenty-first century.
Conclusion
Authors: Palmer Marilyn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Following a review of the early origins of the discipline on industrial archaeology in the UK, this chapter seeks to explore the ways in which it has developed over the last seventy years. The initial imperative in the UK was to ensure the survival of existing sites, but links with practitioners of historical archaeology led to a move from technological explanations of sites to the inclusion of more socially oriented interpretations. Subsurface archaeology assumed greater importance from the 1990s with the involvement of archaeological professionals on developer-funded excavations. Present and future developments include increasing work on sites of the twenty-first century; digital reconstructions; the reanimation of industrial spaces; and the development of industrial archaeology in the Middle and Far East.
Warehouses c.1770 to 1914
Authors: Nevell Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers the new warehouse types of the industrial period in Britain, from the mid-eighteenth century to the early twentieth century. This includes those commercial building types involved with the short- to medium-term storage and distribution of raw and manufactured industrial goods. Such new building types could be found clustered in the manufacturing towns and along the canals and railways. Their design and scale were influenced by new building materials and the particular needs of the industries they served. Warehouse structures are not only one of the physical expressions of the new economic system of the industrial period, but also a reflection of the widespread influence of industrialized distribution and consumption on the social structure and working life of Britain.
Churches and Chapels
Authors: Connelly Angela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Churches and chapels form an indelible mark on the landscapes of Britain’s industrial cities. They were built in huge numbers by the major Christian denominations in order to compete with one another and to attract the working classes to religion. Industrial archaeologists have, however, largely ignored the material provision of Christianity in the lives of ordinary people whether they attended for religious worship or to take part in the myriad of social activities that many churches and chapels provided. This chapter looks at the different approaches taken by the Nonconformist organizations—such as the Wesleyan Methodists and the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA)—to provide both spiritual and leisure activities for the working classes in Britain’s industrial cities with unique building types that, materially, responded more to the industrial cities they were placed in than they did to religion.
The Industrial Archaeology of the Burial Landscape
Authors: Rugg Julie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study of churchyards and cemeteries can benefit from the application of core questions and methods of industrial archaeology, which encourages more detailed interrogation of fundamentals. These include the evolution of burial space over time in a particular location, and a higher level of attention to definition, ownership, and purpose of the different types of spaces used for interment. Industrial archaeological approaches also invite exploration of the infrastructure of burial spaces; the scientific principles guiding the task of cemetery management; and the ‘working knowledge’ of gravediggers whose practices might follow more pragmatic imperatives. The framework of industrial archaeology carries the potential to consider new priorities for conservation, at the same time as highlighting tensions around the audiences and purpose of industrial heritage and interpretation.
A Celebration of Growth, Independence, and Worth
Authors: Marino Gordon S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Drawing on a wealth of archaeological evidence, this chapter seeks to explore the development of urban expansion and civic pride through the emergence of differing designs of swimming pools. These iconic buildings are placed in their historical context and comparisons are drawn with contemporary developments in other fields of architecture. The key motivational factors of hygiene, politics, and recreation are analyzed, as is the emergence of civic pride. Both functionality and status of the new building types are explored, as the communities evolved into the modern world. The chapter further demonstrates how buildings and architectural design are not solely functional, but also reflect emerging elements of status, social and political power dynamics.
Temperance
Authors: Davison Andrew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Between 1830 and 1930 the temperance movement had an enormous political and social impact on industrialized societies in North America, the United Kingdom, its colonies (Australia and New Zealand in particular), and northern Europe. The history and impact of the movement has been extensively researched by historians, social historians, and anthropologists, but largely ignored by archaeologists and architectural historians. This chapter characterizes the built heritage of temperance, looking at the range of buildings and memorials constructed by the movement’s members and supporters, some for accommodation for members and their meetings, others to spread the movement’s message, and considers potential avenues for future research.
Butte and Anaconda, Montana
Authors: Quivik Fredric L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Industrial waste has several meanings on the landscape. Waste deposits and the infrastructure developed to manage them are part of the cultural landscape and are recognized by cultural resource professionals and historic preservation advocates as features worthy of study and perhaps preservation and interpretation. Industrial waste is also often comprised of hazardous materials and therefore is the subject, in the United States, of intensive efforts at remediation, during which cultural features may be destroyed. Both preservation and remediation are worthy societal objectives, but they often come into conflict on a given landscape. Because the preservation of industrial waste may be a more foreign concept to many readers, this article articulates why preservation may be a valuable undertaking and, using the copper-mining landscape of south-western Montana as a case study, describes how advocates for the two conflicting objectives have tried to negotiate resolutions.
They Were Here Too
Authors: Hyttinen Marika , Kallio-Seppä Titta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of women and children within early industrial communities, groups that are largely overlooked in industrial archaeological research. We use the early industrial Pikisaari pitch mill community in the town of Oulu, Northern Finland as a case study, which has yielded diverse archaeological evidence for the presence of women and children in the pitch mill area. By combining material culture and written records, this chapter looks at the economic, social, and cultural roles played by men, women, and children in a proto-industrial community. This chapter argues that women and children played an important role in the maintenance of internal social and power relations, as well as the labour system, within early industrial communities. A holistic understanding of early industrial communities and their everyday life can only be achieved through the analysis of social aspects, including the role of women and children.