bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juvenile social isolation immediately affects the synaptic activity and firing property of fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneuron subtype in mouse medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Okamura Kazuya , Yoshino Hiroki , Ogawa Yoichi , Yamamuro Kazuhiko , Kimoto Sohei , Yamaguchi Yasunari , Nishihata Yosuke , Ikehara Minobu , Makinodan Manabu , Saito Yasuhiko , Kishimoto Toshifumi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA lack of juvenile social experience causes various behavioral impairments and brain dysfunction, especially in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Our previous studies revealed that juvenile social isolation for 2 weeks immediately after weaning affects the synaptic inputs and intrinsic excitability of fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing (FSPV) interneurons as well as a specific type of layer 5 (L5) pyramidal cells, which we termed prominent h-current (PH) cells, in the mPFC. However, since these changes were observed at the adult age of postnatal day 65 (P65), the primary cause of these changes to neurons immediately after juvenile social isolation (postnatal day 35) remains unknown. Here, we investigated the immediate effects of juvenile social isolation on the excitability and synaptic inputs of PH pyramidal cells and FSPV interneurons at P35 using whole-cell patch-clamp recording. We observed that excitatory inputs to FSPV interneurons increased immediately after juvenile social isolation. We also found that juvenile social isolation increases the firing reactivity of a subtype of FSPV interneurons, whereas only a fractional effect was detected in PH pyramidal cells. These findings suggest that juvenile social isolation primarily disturbs the developmental rebuilding of circuits involving FSPV interneurons and eventually affects the circuits involving PH pyramidal cells in adulthood.
Venous Thromboembolism Following Discharge from Hospital in Patients Admitted for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Harvey Philip R , Coupland Benjamin , Mytton Jemma , De Silva Shanika , Trudgill Nigel J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Patients admitted to hospital with inflammatory bowel disease[IBD] are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism[VTE]. This study aims to identify IBD patients at increased VTE risk on hospital discharge and to develop a risk scoring system to recognise them.

Methods
Hospital episode statistics data were used to identify all patients admitted with IBD as an emergency or electively for surgery. All patients with VTE within 90 days of hospital discharge were identified. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify patient- and admission-level factors associated with VTE. A scoring system to identify patients at higher risk for VTE was constructed.

Results
A total of 201 779 admissions in 101 966 patients were included. The rate of VTE within 90 days was 17.2 per 1000 patient-years at risk and was highest in patients admitted as an emergency who underwent surgery[36.9]. VTE was associated with: female sex (odds ratio 0.65 [95% confidence interval 0.53-0.80], p &lt;0.001); increasing age [49–60 years] (4.67 [3.36-6.49], p &lt;0.001); increasing length of hospital stay [&gt;10 days] (3.80 [2.80-5.15], p &lt;0.001); more than two hospital admissions in previous 3 months (2.23 [1.60-3.10], p &lt;0.001); ulcerative colitis (1.48 [1.21-1.82], p &lt;0.001); and emergency admission including surgery (1.59 [1.12-2.27], p = 0.010); or emergency admission not including surgery (1.59 [1.08-2.35], p = 0.019) compared with elective surgery. A score &gt;12 in the VTE scoring system gave a positive predictive value [PPV] of VTE of 1%. The area under the curve [AUC] was 0.714 [95% CI 0.70-0.73].

Conclusion
IBD patients admitted to hospital with a prolonged length of stay, increasing age, male sex, or as an emergency were at increased risk of VTE following discharge. Higher-risk patients were identifiable by a VTE risk scoring system.
Time trends in incidence, treatment, and outcome in acute myocardial infarction in Norway 2013–19
Authors: Jortveit Jarle , Pripp Are Hugo , Langørgen Jørund , Halvorsen Sigrun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to assess time trends in the incidence, treatment, and outcome of AMI in a nationwide registry–based cohort of patients.

Methods and results
All patients with a first AMI registered in the Norwegian Myocardial Infarction Registry between 2013 and 2019 were included in this cohort study. The number of patients admitted to Norwegian hospitals with a first AMI decreased from 8933 in 2013 to 8383 in 2019. The proportion of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was stable at 30% throughout the period, and the percentage of STEMI undergoing coronary angiography was stable at 87%. The proportion of patients with non-STEMI undergoing coronary angiography increased by 2.4% per year (95% confidence interval 1.6–3.3) from 58% in 2013 to 68% in 2019. More patients were discharged with secondary preventive medication at the end of study period. Age-adjusted 1-year mortality was reduced from 16.4% in 2013 to 15.1% in 2018. The changes over time were primarily seen in the oldest patient groups.

Conclusion
In the period 2013–19 in Norway, we found a reduction in hospitalizations due to a first AMI. Both the percentage of patients undergoing coronary angiography as well as the percentage discharged with recommended secondary preventive therapy increased during the period, and the age-adjusted 1-year mortality after AMI decreased. A national AMI register provides important information about trends in incidence, treatment, and outcome, and may improve adherence to guideline recommendations.
Non-pharmacological factors for hypertension management: a systematic review of international guidelines
Authors: Maniero Carmela , Lopuszko Aleksandra , Papalois Kyriaki-Barbara , Gupta Ajay , Kapil Vikas , Khanji Mohammed Y 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLifestyle modifications are one of the cornerstones of hypertension prevention and treatment. We aimed to systematically review hypertension guidelines on their recommendations on non-pharmacological factors including lifestyle interventions, to highlight strength of evidence, similarities, and differences. This systematic review was registered with the international Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021288815). Publications in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases over 10 years since January 2010 to June 2020 were identified. We also included the search from websites of organizations responsible for guidelines development. Two reviewers screened the titles and abstracts to identify relevant guidelines. Two reviewers independently assessed rigour of guideline development using the AGREE II instrument, and one reviewer extracted recommendations. Of the identified guidelines, 10 showed good rigour of development (AGREE II ≥ 60%) and were included in the systematic review. The guidelines were consistent in most recommendations (reduced salt intake, weight, dietary patterns, increased physical activity and smoking cessation, and limiting alcohol intake). Some areas of disagreement were identified, regarding recommendations on novel psychological and environmental factors such as stress or air pollution, alcohol intake thresholds, meat, coffee and tea consumption and refined sugars. Current guidelines agree on the importance of lifestyle in the treatment and prevention of hypertension. Consensus on smoking cessation, limited salt intake, increased physical activity support their integration in management of hypertensive patients and in public health measurements in general population as preventative measurements. Further research into the role of environmental and psychological factors may help clarify future recommendations.
A Practical Guide to Design and Assess a Phylogenomic Study
Authors: Lozano-Fernandez Jesus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, molecular systematics has undergone a change of paradigm as high-throughput sequencing now makes it possible to reconstruct evolutionary relationships using genome-scale datasets. The advent of “big data” molecular phylogenetics provided a battery of new tools for biologists but simultaneously brought new methodological challenges. The increase in analytical complexity comes at the price of highly specific training in computational biology and molecular phylogenetics, resulting very often in a polarized accumulation of knowledge (technical on one side and biological on the other). Interpreting the robustness of genome-scale phylogenetic studies is not straightforward, particularly as new methodological developments have consistently shown that the general belief of “more genes, more robustness” often does not apply, and because there is a range of systematic errors that plague phylogenomic investigations. This is particularly problematic because phylogenomic studies are highly heterogeneous in their methodology, and best practices are often not clearly defined. The main aim of this article is to present what I consider as the ten most important points to take into consideration when planning a well-thought-out phylogenomic study and while evaluating the quality of published papers. The goal is to provide a practical step-by-step guide that can be easily followed by nonexperts and phylogenomic novices in order to assess the technical robustness of phylogenomic studies or improve the experimental design of a project.
The geometry of active shortening in the northwest Himalayas and the implications for seismic hazard
Authors: O’Kane Aisling , Copley Alex , Mitra Supriyo , Wimpenny Sam 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYLarge thrust faults accommodate the convergence between India and Tibet along the southern margin of the Himalaya and have a history of producing great earthquakes that cause widespread damage. Along most parts of the Himalaya, there is geomorphological evidence that these thrusts can rupture to the surface in Mw &gt;8 earthquakes. However, in the Himalayan state of Jammu & Kashmir (NW India), the thrust faults are blind and large-scale folding is the only expression of active deformation at the surface, making it difficult to assess the seismic hazard in this region. In this paper, we use field, satellite, and seismological observations to determine the fault geometry in Jammu & Kashmir. We then estimate the ground motions from potential earthquakes in the region using models of the seismic wavefield that would be generated if the thrust fault beneath Jammu & Kashmir were to rupture. We find that earthquakes that rupture the buried, shallow part of the locked Main Himalayan Thrust could generate peak ground velocities that are &gt;3 times larger than earthquakes of the same magnitude on its deeper portions. We also model the ground motions that would result from the thrust fault geometries representative of different parts of the Himalayan arc. These simulations show that even seemingly minor variations in the shallow fault geometry can lead to large differences in the expected ground motions, highlighting the importance of accurately determining the shallow geometry of thrust faults along the margins of mountain ranges for estimating seismic hazard.
What’s Up, Latin America? Between Competition, Data and Consumer Protection
Authors: Canales Maria Paz , de Souza Michel Roberto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There is no doubt as to the growing importance of personal data to companies. Along with this fact, there is an exponential growth of data concentration on the hands of the biggest global technology companies. Regulators around the world are taking action in digital markets, either through legislation or judicial enforcement, to address the implications of data concentration. This article analyzes a true paradigm shift in the collaboration between antitrust, data protection and consumer authorities in handling the case of changes to WhatsApp’s privacy policy in Argentina, Brazil and Chile. We analyze how the institutional arrangements favored (or not) a more connected and integrated role of different authorities in the investigation of abuses of dominant position, which resulted in a stronger message for actors in the digital market. Institutional factors, such as operational and enforcement capabilities, are also analyzed with regard to the ability and effectiveness of the authorities in these countries to intervene. This article attempts to bring critical considerations in the evaluation of Latin American cases compared with international evolution to drive some useful lessons for future enforcement.
Better healthcare can reduce the risk of COVID-19 in-hospital post-partum maternal death: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Leung Char , Su Li , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
COVID-19 in post-partum women is commonly overlooked. The present study assessed whether puerperium is an independent risk factor of COVID-19 related in-hospital maternal death and whether fatality is preventable in the Brazilian context.

Methods
We retrospectively studied the clinical data of post-partum/pregnant patients hospitalized with COVID-19 gathered from a national database that registered severe acute respiratory syndromes (SIVEP-Gripe) in Brazil. Logistic regressions were used to examine the associations of in-hospital mortality with obstetric status and with the type of public healthcare provider, adjusting for socio-demographic, epidemiologic, clinical and healthcare-related measures.

Results
As of 30 November 2021, 1943 (21%) post-partum and 7446 (79%) pregnant patients of age between 15 and 45 years with COVID-19 that had reached the clinical endpoint (death or discharge) were eligible for inclusion. Case-fatality rates for the two groups were 19.8% and 9.2%, respectively. After the adjustment for covariates, post-partum patients had almost twice the odds of in-hospital mortality compared with pregnant patients. Patients admitted to private (not-for-profit) hospitals, those that had an obstetric centre or those located in metropolitan areas were less likely to succumb to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Those admitted to the Emergency Care Unit had similar mortality risk to those admitted to other public healthcare providers.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that puerperium was associated with an increased odds of COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality. Only part of the risk can be reduced by quality healthcare such as non-profit private hospitals, those that have an obstetric centre or those located in urban areas.
U.S. Public Support for the U.S.-NATO Alliance
Authors: Lee Kyung Suk , Goidel Kirby 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile previous research has thoroughly investigated the structure of Americans’ foreign policy beliefs, existing literature tells us far less about the determinants of public support for U.S. military alliances. In the following paper, we examine whether former President Donald Trump’s framing altered public support for the U.S.-North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military alliance. First, using survey data from the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, we show that support for NATO became polarized after 2016. Second, employing a survey experiment, we test two causal mechanisms that might explain these shifts: (1) a framing model positing that reframing the alliance to emphasize financial costs decreased public support and (2) a cue-taking model positing that opinion on NATO realigned to conform to (or reject) former President Trump’s stated positions. Our experimental results reveal that reframing the alliance decreased support for NATO while the presence of a partisan cue had little or no effect.
Design and analysis of feeder mechanism for buckling prevention in robotic catheterization
Authors: Baek Hyunwoo , Cheon Byungsik , You Jae Min , Kwon Dong-Soo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, a novel two-degree-of-freedom active-feeder mechanism with a disposable roller module for buckling prevention of the catheter tube was developed and analyzed. The buckling phenomenon occurs when the flexible part cannot withstand a compressive force. Buckling can be prevented using additional parts that support the long flexible part along the tube; however, these passive-type buckling-prevention mechanisms cannot improve transmissibility in a rotational motion. By contrast, the active-type mechanism can transmit both translational and rotational motion but has a bulky structure due to additional motors, which makes placing the mechanism near the patient difficult. Therefore, to solve the afore-mentioned issues, a compact and clinically practicable design is proposed. The proposed feeder mechanism was developed using two driving-shaft modules that enable simultaneous translational and rotational feeding with the minimum number of motors. Furthermore, to minimize the deformation of the tube and obtain sufficient grip force to replicate surgeons’ operation, the analysis was conducted based on contact mechanics. The maximum insertion force and rotating torque were estimated and verified using the measured static friction coefficient. In addition, we formulated an accurate insertion length model based on the experimental results. Using the proposed feeder mechanism and accurate insertion model, the buckling prevention and elimination performance were verified through the experiment on the robot system.
Computational homogenization of additively manufactured lightweight structures with multiscale topology optimization
Authors: Kim Jae-Eun , Cho Nak-Kyun , Park Keun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Topology optimization (TO) is an optimal design method to obtain an efficient structure with minimal usage of material by satisfying two conflicting objectives of weight reduction and structural safety. Owing to the recent advances in additive manufacturing technology, TO has been developed in connection with the use of microscale lattices, of which complicated geometries require considerable computational loads to verify their structural performance. This study aims to develop an efficient computational method to analyze a complex TO model. Computational homogenization was then developed for efficient computation of the TO model that contains a number of microscale lattices. The proposed homogenization scheme was then applied to perform three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) on various TO models with three scales (i.e., macroscale, microscale, and multiscale TOs). The homogenized FEAs were conducted to verify the static and dynamic deformation behaviors of three optimized meta-sandwich beams, and their results and computational efficiency were compared with those from full solid FEAs. Experimental verification revealed that the proposed homogenized FEA provided more reliable results and better computational efficiency for the microscale and multiscale TO models, whereas the conventional solid FEA was advantageous for the macroscale TO model. To apply the proposed simulation strategy to a more complex 3D geometry, three TO models were calculated for a 3D block under a compression load. The simulation strategy combining the full solid and homogenized FEAs was then applied to analyze the static and dynamic deformation behaviors of various TO models, which provided reliable predictions of the experimentally observed behaviors within an acceptable computational time.
Market Maker Inventory, Bid–Ask Spreads, and the Computation of Option Implied Risk Measures
Authors: Eraker Bjørn , Osterrieder Daniela 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present empirical evidence showing that option-implied risk measures (OIRMs) are substantially impacted by bid–ask spreads in underlying options. Asking prices are more sensitive to shocks than bids, leading to highly skewed distributions of spreads. We derive and estimate a model of market making that empirically matches these asymmetric responses as well as the time-series properties of bid–ask spreads. Using these estimates to obtain bias-corrected option quotes, we compute several popular OIRMs. We find that fear and risk premia associated with market events that affect the center of the return distribution or unpredictable return jumps are on average overstated when relying on option mid-quotes, whereas risk associated with return-tail events is larger once the bias has been corrected.
Photometric variability in star-forming galaxies as evidence for low-mass AGN and a precursor to quenching
Authors: Cleland Cressida , McGee Sean L 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We measure the optical variability in ∼16 500 low-redshift (z ∼ 0.1) galaxies to map the relations between active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity and galaxy stellar mass, specific star formation rate, half-light radius, and bulge-to-total ratio. To do this, we use a reduced χ2 variability measure on &gt;10 epoch light curves from the Zwicky Transient Facility and combine with spectroscopic data and derive galaxy parameters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that below the stellar mass of 1011 M⊙, galaxies classed as star-forming via the Baldwin–Phillips–Terlevich diagram have higher mean variabilities than AGN or composite galaxies. Revealingly, the highest mean variabilities occur in star-forming galaxies in a narrow range of specific star formation rate: −11 &lt; log(sSFR/yr−1) &lt; −10. In very actively star-forming galaxies [log(sSFR/yr−1) &gt; −10], the reduced variability implies a lack of instantaneous correlation with star formation rate. Our results may indicate that a high level of variability, and thus black hole growth, acts as a precursor for reduced star formation, bulge growth, and revealed AGN-like emission lines. These results add to the mounting evidence that optical variability can act as a viable tracer for low-mass AGNs and that such AGNs can strongly affect their host galaxy.
On the response of a star cluster to a tidal perturbation
Authors: Martinez-Medina Luis A , Gieles Mark , Gnedin Oleg Y , Li Hui 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the response of star clusters to individual tidal perturbations using controlled N-body simulations. We consider perturbations by a moving point mass and by a disc, and vary the duration of the perturbation as well as the cluster density profile. For fast perturbations (i.e. ‘shocks’), the cluster gains energy in agreement with theoretical predictions in the impulsive limit. For slow disc perturbations, the energy gain is lower, and this has previously been attributed to adiabatic damping. However, the energy gain due to slow perturbations by a point-mass is similar to, or larger than that due to fast shocks, which is not expected because adiabatic damping should be almost independent of the nature of the tides. We show that the geometric distortion of the cluster during slow perturbations is of comparable importance for the energy gain as adiabatic damping, and that the combined effect can qualitatively explain the results. The half-mass radius of the bound stars after a shock increases up to ∼7 per cent for low-concentration clusters, and decreases ∼3 per cent for the most concentrated ones. The fractional mass loss is a non-linear function of the energy gain, and depends on the nature of the tides and most strongly on the cluster density profile, making semi-analytic model predictions for cluster lifetimes extremely sensitive to the adopted density profile.