bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drogennotfallschulung Opioidabhängiger in Haft und Versorgung
mit Take-Home Naloxon bei Haftentlassung: Machbarkeitsstudie aus dem bayerischen
Modellprojekt
Authors: Wodarz-von Essen Heike Jutta , Wolstein Jörg , Pogarell Oliver , Wodarz Norbert 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung 22–30% der Inhaftierten in Deutschland sollen
intravenöse Drogenkonsumenten sein. In den ersten Wochen nach
Haftentlassung steigt das Sterberisiko um das 12-fache, meist infolge einer
Opioidüberdosis. Als möglicher Baustein zur
Mortalitätsreduktion soll die Machbarkeit einer Drogennotfallschulung,
inkl. Take-Home Naloxon bei inhaftierten Opioidabhängigen
überprüft werden.
MethodikEine Teilstichprobe im Rahmen des Bayerischen Take-Home Naloxon
Modellprojektes umfasste inhaftierte Opioidabhängige in 5 bayerischen
Justizvollzugsanstalten. Es erfolgte eine manualisierte Drogennotfallschulung,
inkl. Take-Home Naloxon. Sämtliche Erhebungen erfolgten mit
standardisierten Fragebögen oder teilstrukturierten Interviews.
Ergebnisse Durchschnittlich nahmen 3,9 (1–10) inhaftierte
Opioidabhängige pro Schulung teil. Zum Zeitpunkt der Schulung waren die
Opioidabhängigen seit 42 (1–228) Wochen in Haft und erwarteten
ihre Haftentlassung in ca. 10 (1–64) Wochen. Es konnten 62
Opioidabhängige in Haft eingeschlossen werden (Alter: 36 (22–53)
Jahre; 53,2% Frauen; Alter bei Opioid-Erstkonsum: 19,2 (10–31)
Jahre). 68% waren bereits selbst von einem Drogennotfall betroffen.
84% erlebten bereits mindestens einen Drogennotfall bei einem anderen
Konsumierenden, davon 36% sogar mehrmals. Knapp ein Drittel gab an, beim
letzten erlebten Notfall nicht geholfen zu haben, meist aus Angst, etwas falsch
zu machen. Knapp 50% riefen zumindest den Rettungsdienst. Immerhin
25% versuchten, zu helfen, allerdings mit wenig geeigneten
Maßnahmen. 75% gaben an, häufig in Gegenwart anderer
Personen zu konsumieren, meist mit Partner und/oder
Freunden/Bekannten. Die inhaftierten Opioidabhängigen konnten
gut zur Teilnahme motiviert werden und zeigten einen signifikanten Zuwachs an
Wissen und Skills zum lebensrettenden Umgang mit einer
Opioidüberdosierung.
Schlussfolgerung Die Machbarkeitsstudie zeigt, dass manualisierte
Drogenotfallschulungen mit inhaftierten Opioidabhängigen, sowie die
Vergabe von Take-Home Naloxon am Haftende umsetzbar sind. Ein Best-Practice
Modell wurde etabliert, z. B. Reduktion anfänglicher Vorbehalte,
praktische Organisation, Naloxon-Verordnung durch AnstaltsärztInnen. Die
hohe Rate an bereits erlebten Drogennotfällen und der häufige
Konsum im Beisein Anderer (potentielle Ersthelfer) belegt, dass die Zielgruppe
erreicht wurde. Für eine messbare Senkung der Mortalität
benötigt es jedoch eine breite Ausrollung.
Der Einfluss des Behandlungsvolumens psychiatrischer Kliniken auf das
Risiko der Anwendung besonderer Sicherungsmaßnahmen
Authors: Bramesfeld Anke , Röding Dominik 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Bestimmen des Einflusses des Behandlungsvolumens auf die
Häufigkeit und Dauer der Anwendung von Besonderen
Sicherungsmaßnahmen (bSm) wie Fixierung und Isolierung.
Methode Datenbasis sind krankenhausbezogene Registerdaten aus
Niedersachsen der Halbjahre 2/2019 bis 1/2021 zu Fällen,
die nach dem Niedersächsischen Gesetz für Psychisch Kranke
(NPsychKG) untergebracht sind, zum Anteil der Fälle, die eine bSm
erhielten sowie zur Anzahl und kumulativen Dauer von bSm/Fall. Es wurden
einfache lineare Regressionsmodelle gerechnet.
Ergebnis und Diskussion Mit Zunahme des Behandlungsvolumens von nach
NPsychKG untergebrachten Fällen sinkt der Anteil der Fälle, die
bSm erhalten. Dieses Ergebnis bleibt bestehen auch wenn statistische
Ausreißer aus den Berechnungen herausgelassen werden.
Schlussfolgerung Angesichts von Hinweisen, dass auch in der
psychiatrischen Versorgung das Behandlungsvolumen mit dem gewünschten
Behandlungsziel assoziiert ist, sollte das Spannungsfeld wohnortnahe
vollstationäre Versorgung in kleinen Kliniken versus Konzentration von
Expertise in Zentren diskutiert werden.
Higher Symptom Score, Larger Residual Rectocele, and Lower Rectal Compliance Predict Failure of Improvement after Surgical Treatment of Rectocele
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Elfallal Ahmed Hossam , Abdelnaby Mahmoud , Balata Mohamed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Rectocele is a frequent finding in women and is usually asymptomatic. However, it is sometimes associated with symptoms of obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS). While most patients with ODS due to rectocele respond well to conservative treatment, some may require surgical treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the predictors of failure of symptom improvement after rectocele repair.
Methods The study included adult women with rectocele who underwent surgical treatment by transperineal repair (TPR) or transvaginal repair (TVR). The preoperative and postoperative assessment was done using the Wexner constipation score, anorectal manometry, and defecography.
Results A total of 93 female patients with a mean age of 43.7 years were included. Among them, 65.6% of patients underwent TPR and 34.4% underwent TVR; 22 (23.7%) patients reported failure of significant improvement in ODS symptoms after surgery. The independent predictors of failure of improvement were higher preoperative Wexner score (odds ratio, OR: 1.4, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.09–1.84, p = 0.009), larger residual rectocele after repair (OR: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.43–6.08, p = 0.003), and lower postoperative maximum tolerable volume (OR: 0.949, 95% CI: 0.907–0.992, p = 0.02). The predictive cutoff point for the preoperative Wexner score was 15.
Conclusions Patients with a preoperative Wexner score higher than 15 and larger residual rectocele after surgery may experience little improvement in symptoms after rectocele repair. Although TPR was associated with a poorer relief of symptoms than did TVR; it was not an independent predictor of failure.
Origin of oscillatory structures in the magnetothermal conductivity of the putative Kitaev magnet α-RuCl3
Authors: Bruin J. A. N. , Claus R. R. , Matsumoto Y. , Nuss J. , Laha S. , Lotsch B. V. , Kurita N. , Tanaka H. , Takagi H. 
Published: September 2022

The layered honeycomb magnet α-RuCl3 has been suggested to exhibit a field-induced quantum spin liquid state, in which the reported large thermal Hall effect close to the half-quantized value still remains a subject of debate. Recently, oscillatory structures of the magnetothermal conductivity were reported and interpreted as quantum oscillations of charge-neutral particles. To investigate the origin of these oscillatory structures, we performed a comprehensive measurement of the in-plane magnetothermal conductivity κ(H) down to low temperature (100 mK), as well as magnetization M, for single crystals grown by two different techniques: Bridgman and chemical vapor transport. The results show a series of dips in κ(H) and peaks in the field derivative of M located at the same fields independent of the growth method. We argue that these structures originate from the field-induced phase transitions rather than from quantum oscillations. The positions of several of these features are temperature-dependent and connected to the magnetic phase transitions in zero field: the main transition at 7 K and weaker additional transitions, which likely arise from secondary phases at 10 K and 13 K. In contrast to what is expected for quantum oscillations, the magnitude of the structure in κ(H) is smaller for the higher conductivity crystal and decreases rapidly upon cooling below 1 K.
The ages of pragmatic particles in Colloquial Singapore English
Authors: Li Lijun , Lorenz Eliane , Siemund Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study aims to work towards a diachronic reconstruction of pragmatic particles in Colloquial Singapore English (CSE, also known as “Singlish”) by exploiting an unused historical data source: The Oral History Interviews held by the National Archives of Singapore (OHI-NAS). We investigate the distribution of five pragmatic particles (ah, lah, leh, lor, and meh) in 101 interviews conducted between 1979 and 2009 in speakers born between 1899 and 1983. Lim (2007) reconstructs the origin of these particles in different substrate languages, with the first two particles (ah and lah) being traceable to earlier Bazaar Malay and/or Hokkien, while the latter three (leh, lor, and meh) are of later Cantonese origin. The results of the present study show that ah and lah are the most frequent particles attested earliest. Their frequency of use increases over time, being additionally contingent on the gender and age of the speakers, their educational level, and their ethnic background. The particles ah and lah are mostly used in assertive contexts.
Widespread declines in water salinity of the endorheic Tibetan Plateau lakes
Authors: Song Chunqiao , Luo Shuangxiao , Liu Kai , Chen Tan , Zhang Pengfei , Fan Chenyu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) hosts more than one thousand lakes (>1km2) in its endorheic basins. The changing climate in recent decades has led to significant modifications in the endorheic hydrologic system. Most TP lakes experienced dramatically expanding areas, rising water levels, and increasing storage, which inevitably influenced the lake salinity. This study provides a regional-scale investigation of water salinity changes of the TP lakes (for 83 lakes with two-epoch salinity records, among the approximately 160 lakes >50km2) by synthesizing multi-source data around the 1970s and 2010s. Our results reveal lake salinity has considerably declined for most expanding lakes across the endorheic basins. The mean salinity of 62 terminal lakes dropped from 92.76 g l−1 to 42.00 g l−1 during the 1970s–2010s, in contrast to the slight variations (3.42 g l−1 to 1.48 g l−1) of the 21 exorheic or upstream lakes. As a result, many hypersaline lakes have become polysaline or oligosaline lakes, such as Cedo Caka, Norma Co, etc. In particular, some large lakes (e.g., Siling Co, ‘Twin Lakes’, and Ayakkum Lake) also experienced significant drops in water salinity, with the exceptional cases for Nam Co and Qinghai Lake probably due to the relatively low ratios of increased water mass to their net storages. The widespread declining water salinities could greatly influence bacterial richness, diversity, and evenness, and affect the aquatic carbon cycle and utilization in the high-altitude endorheic lakes. More attention should be paid on understanding the saline lake ecosystem evolution and the regional carbon cycle in response to changing water salinity of the TP lakes.
Improving bacterial genome assembly using a test of strand orientation
Authors: Greenberg Grant , Shomorony Ilan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSummaryThe complexity of genome assembly is due in large part to the presence of repeats. In particular, large reverse-complemented repeats can lead to incorrect inversions of large segments of the genome. To detect and correct such inversions in finished bacterial genomes, we propose a statistical test based on tetranucleotide frequency (TNF), which determines whether two segments from the same genome are of the same or opposite orientation. In most cases, the test neatly partitions the genome into two segments of roughly equal length with seemingly opposite orientations. This corresponds to the segments between the DNA replication origin and terminus, which were previously known to have distinct nucleotide compositions. We show that, in several cases where this balanced partition is not observed, the test identifies a potential inverted misassembly, which is validated by the presence of a reverse-complemented repeat at the boundaries of the inversion. After inverting the sequence between the repeat, the balance of the misassembled genome is restored. Our method identifies 31 potential misassemblies in the NCBI database, several of which are further supported by a reassembly of the read data.Availability and implementationA github repository is available at https://github.com/gcgreenberg/Oriented-TNF.git.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Impact of surgeon and hospital factors on length of stay after colorectal surgery systematic review
Authors: Bayat Zubair , Guidolin Keegan , Elsolh Basheer , De Castro Charmaine , Kennedy Erin , Govindarajan Anand 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Although length of stay (LOS) after colorectal surgery (CRS) is associated with worse patient and system level outcomes, the impact of surgeon and hospital-level factors on LOS after CRS has not been well investigated. The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence for the impact of surgeon and hospital-level factors on LOS after CRS.

Methods
A comprehensive database search was conducted using terms related to LOS and CRS. Studies were included if they reported the effect of surgeon or hospital factors on LOS after elective CRS. The evidence for the effect of each surgeon and hospital factor on LOS was synthesized using vote counting by direction of effect, taking risk of bias into consideration.

Results
A total of 13 946 unique titles and abstracts were screened, and 69 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were retrospective and assessed a total of eight factors. Surgeon factors such as increasing surgeon volume, colorectal surgical specialty, and progression along a learning curve were significantly associated with decreased LOS (effect seen in 87.5 per cent, 100 per cent, and 93.3 per cent of studies respectively). In contrast, hospital factors such as hospital volume and teaching hospital status were not significantly associated with LOS.

Conclusion
Provider-related factors were found to be significantly associated with LOS after elective CRS. In particular, surgeon-related factors related to experience specifically impacted LOS, whereas hospital-related factors did not. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these relationships may allow for tailoring of interventions to reduce LOS.
Christianity and Psychedelic Medicine: A Pastoral Approach
Authors: McCarthy Bryan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, researchers in the “psychedelic renaissance” have been reinvestigating the therapeutic potential of psychedelic compounds for conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder, clinical anxiety/depression, and addiction. Each of these has treatment-resistant cases, sometimes decades in the making, but studies employing psychedelics to address them are yielding impressive results. Given the evolving legal situation around these substances as well as corporate investment in them, their availability and appeal promise to increase. The question facing Christians is: How do these developments impact the theological significance of psychedelics as a broader phenomenon? This paper argues that since the population standing to benefit from these treatments is likely to include Christians, a thoughtful and rigorous response is necessary. The inquiry proceeds by analyzing some of the pertinent research, showing the insufficiency of previous Christian responses, and considering some hurdles and objections before issuing a call to theologize on this timely and important cultural moment.
Clinical governance of patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Leonardi Sergio , Montalto Claudio , Carrara Greta , Casella Gianni , Grosseto Daniele , Galazzi Marco , Repetto Alessandra , Tua Lorenzo , Portolan Monica , Ottani Filippo , Galvani Marcello , Gentile Leandro , Cardelli Laura Sofia , De Servi Stefano , Antonelli Andrea , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Visconti Luigi Oltrona , Campo Gianluca ,   ACS Clinical Governance Programme Investigators, Gazmawi Rasheed , Valenza Filippo Andrea , Russo Francesco Alfio , Carli Sebastiano , Dioniso Francesco Matteo , Barengo Alberto , Castelli Chiara , Fortuni Federico , Peschiera Anna , Candito Pamela , Scorza Marco , Acquaro Mauro , Camporotondo Rita , Costantino Ilaria , Gnecchi Massimiliano , Guida Stefania , Totaro Rossana , Repetto Alessandra , Ferlini Marco , Mirizzi Alessandro Mandurino , Marinoni Barbara , Ferrario Maurizio , Elia Arianna , Perlini Stefano , Secco GianMarco , Manzalini Chiara , Lodolini Veronica , Mosele Elisa , Flamigni Filippo , Sammarini Giulia , Daniello Emanuele , Carletti Roberto , Conficoni Elisa , Pedretti Roberto Franco Enrico , Staine Tiziana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
Using the principles of clinical governance, a patient-centred approach intended to promote holistic quality improvement, we designed a prospective, multicentre study in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We aimed to verify and quantify consecutive inclusion and describe relative and absolute effects of indicators of quality for diagnosis and therapy.

Methods and results
Administrative codes for invasive coronary angiography and acute myocardial infarction were used to estimate the ACS universe. The ratio between the number of patients included and the estimated ACS universe was the consecutive index. Co-primary quality indicators were timely reperfusion in patients admitted with ST-elevation ACS and optimal medical therapy at discharge. Cox-proportional hazard models for 1-year death with admission and discharge-specific covariates quantified relative risk reductions and adjusted number needed to treat (NNT) absolute risk reductions. Hospital codes tested had a 99.5% sensitivity to identify ACS universe. We estimated that 7344 (95% CI: 6852–7867) ACS patients were admitted and 5107 were enrolled—i.e. a consecutive index of 69.6% (95% CI 64.9–74.5%), which varied from 30.7 to 79.2% across sites. Timely reperfusion was achieved in 22.4% (95% CI: 20.7–24.1%) of patients, was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for 1-year death of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.40–0.89) and an adjusted NNT of 65 (95% CI: 44–250). Corresponding values for optimal medical therapy were 70.1% (95% CI: 68.7–71.4%), HR of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.38–0.66), and NNT of 98 (95% CI: 79–145).

Conclusion
A comprehensive approach to quality for patients with ACS may promote equitable access of care and inform implementation of health care delivery.

Registration
ClinicalTrials.Gov ID NCT04255537
Left-bundle branch pacing as bail-out strategy after failed coronary sinus lead placement for cardiac resynchronization: a case report
Authors: Fink Thomas , Eitz Thomas , Sohns Christian , Sommer Philipp , Imnadze Guram 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by implantation of an endocardial coronary sinus (CS) pacing lead is an established heart failure therapy. The recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on cardiac pacing and CRT recommend conduction system pacing (CSP) as a potential bail-out therapy in patients with previously unsuccessful CS-lead implantation. We present a case in which unsuccessful implantation of a CS pacing and ineffective QRS correction by His-bundle pacing (HBP) was overcome by left-bundle branch pacing (LBBP) to achieve cardiac resynchronization.

Case summary
The patient had to undergo revision of a CS lead for CRT due to rising pacing thresholds and pacing impedance. CS-lead implantation was omitted by a stenotic posterolateral CS branch. HBP did not lead to adequate QRS correction. The patient underwent successful LBB lead implantation as bail-out therapy. After LBBP lead implantation electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters were evident of effective CRT.

Discussion
Conduction system pacing may be an alternative to CS pacing for CRT in heart failure patients, which is endorsed by the current European guidelines. LBBP may overcome limitations of HBP and provide an alternative to other strategies such as surgical implantation of epicardial left-ventricular pacing leads. Further studies are needed to fully clarify the role of LBBP for heart failure treatment.
Evolution of higher mesenchymal CD44 expression in the human lineage
Authors: Ma Xinghong , Dighe Anasuya , Maziarz Jamie , Neumann Edwin , Erkenbrack Eric , Hei Yuan-Yuan , Liu Yansheng , Suhail Yasir ,   Kshitiz, Pak Irene , Levchenko Andre , Wagner Günter P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
CD44 is an extracellular matrix receptor implicated in cancer progression. CD44 increases the invasibility of skin (SF) and endometrial stromal fibroblasts (ESF) by cancer and trophoblast cells. We reasoned that the evolution of CD44 expression can affect both, the fetal–maternal interaction through CD44 in ESF as well as vulnerability to malignant cancer through expression in SF. We studied the evolution of CD44 expression in mammalian SF and ESF and demonstrate that in the human lineage evolved higher CD44 expression. Isoform expression in cattle and human is very similar suggesting that differences in invasibility are not due to the nature of expressed isoforms. We then asked whether the concerted gene expression increase in both cell types is due to shared regulatory mechanisms or due to cell type-specific factors. Reporter gene experiments with cells and cis-regulatory elements from human and cattle show that the difference of CD44 expression is due to cis effects as well as cell type-specific trans effects. These results suggest that the concerted expression increase is likely due to selection acting on both cell types because the evolutionary change in cell type-specific factors requires selection on cell type-specific functions. This scenario implies that the malignancy enhancing effects of elevated CD44 expression in humans likely evolved as a side-effect of positive selection on a yet unidentified other function of CD44. A possible candidate is the anti-fibrotic effect of CD44 but there are no reliable data showing that humans and primates are less fibrotic than other mammals.
Early evolution and transmission of GII.P16-GII.2 norovirus in China
Authors: Wang Luqi , Ji Lei , Li Hao , Xu Deshun , Chen Liping , Zhang Peng , Wang Weibing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. During 2016–2017, a novel recombinant GII.P16-GII.2 genotype of norovirus suddenly appeared and over the next several years became the predominant strain in both China and worldwide. To better understand the origin and diffusion of the GII.P16-GII.2 genotype in China, we conducted molecular evolutionary analyses, including phylodynamics and phylogeography. Moreover, to trace person-to-person transmission of GII.P16-GII.2 norovirus, we applied the novel method, TransPhylo, to a historical phylogeny using sequences obtained from a publicly available database. A time-scaled phylogenetic tree indicated that the time to the most recent common ancestor of the GII.P16-GII.2 major capsid protein (VP1) gene diverged from the GII.P2-GII.2 VP1 gene at 2,001.03 with an evolutionary rate of 3.32 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year. The time to the most recent common ancestor of the GII.P16-GII.2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region diverged from the GII.P16-GII.4 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region at 2,013.28 with an evolutionary rate of 9.44 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year. Of these 2 genomic regions, VP1 gene sequence variations were the most influenced by selective pressure. A phylogeographic analysis showed that GII.P16-GII.2 strains in China communicated most frequently with those in the United States, Australia, Thailand, and Russia, suggesting import from Australia to Taiwan and from the United States to Guangdong. TransPhylo analyses indicated that the basic reproductive number (R0) and sampling proportion (pi) of GII.P16-GII.2 norovirus were 1.99 (95% confidence interval: 1.58–2.44) and 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.63–0.88), respectively. Strains from the United States and Australia were responsible for large spread during the evolution and transmission of the virus. Coastal cities and places with high population densities should be closely monitored for norovirus.