bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the challenges and facilitators to physical activity among brooklyn teens enroled in a weight management programme
Authors: Browne Viola R. , Bruno Denise M. , Dhuper Sarita , Afable Aimee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeA qualitative study was carried out to explore obese adolescents' understanding of physical activity, perceptions of the ideal body type and to identify facilitators of and barriers to physical activity.MethodsTwenty‐two adolescents 12–18 years of age and 14 of their parents were recruited from an obesity intervention programme in Brooklyn, New York, from June to November 2017. Data were collected using focus groups and individual semi‐structured interviews, followed by interpretative phenomenological analysis of the transcripts.ResultsThe adolescents wanted to ‘lose some weight’, but not to be ‘thin’ or ‘look hungry’. Most females desired a ‘slim‐thick’ figure, which was ‘a flat stomach with big thighs, and curvy’. Fun and support from parents, peers and programme staff facilitated achieving their physical activity goals. Barriers included low self‐efficacy, inactive families, fear of neighbourhood gangs and crime and perceptions that the parks were small and overcrowded, with limited physical activity options for adolescents.ConclusionThese findings highlight the need to consider local norms concerning body image when designing obesity interventions. To effectively reduce childhood obesity in New York City, policy should prioritize the promotion of public safety, improvement of neighbourhood parks and increase options for physical activity.Patient or Public ContributionThe voices and narratives of patients and their families informed this study.
Microbial influences on manganese deposit formation at Yunotaki Fall, Japan
Authors: Shiraishi Fumito , Chihara Ryoji , Tanimoto Risa , Tanaka Kazuya , Takahashi Yoshio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicroorganisms are considered to play an important role in the formation of manganese oxide in natural environments. At Yunotaki Fall in north Japan, manganese‐oxidizing bacteria were previously assumed to have oxidized manganese to precipitate birnessite, which relied on oxygen released from algae (i.e., indirect oxidation sensu lato). However, it remained unclear whether larger‐scale manganese oxide precipitation was actually occurring under light conditions. This study therefore evaluated the contribution of indirect oxidation using microelectrodes to analyze local water chemistry, in addition to bulk water chemistry and DNA analyses. With the downward flow of hot spring water, pH increases because of CO2 degassing and causes the saturation index of birnessite to increase downstream. Manganese concentrations in the hot spring water decrease downstream even if it was undersaturated in birnessite, suggesting the dominance of manganese oxide deposition by microorganisms. Indeed, the deposit surface was covered by thick microbial mats, and microscopic observations and DNA analysis of the mats indicate the presence of cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae (green algae), and manganese‐oxidizing bacteria. Microelectrode measurements at the surface of a deposit covered with eukaryotic algae showed that pH and O2 concentration profiles are characteristic of oxygenic photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. On the other hand, the light and dark conditions show nearly identical Mn(II) concentration profiles decreasing within the algal mats. These results demonstrate that low bulk pH values in the hot spring water hindered indirect oxidation despite the occurrence of active oxygenic photosynthesis and that direct oxidation by manganese‐oxidizing bacteria is considered to dominate in the investigated sample.
Obtaining of bioactive di‐ and tripeptides from enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean meal and its protein isolate using Alcalase® and Neutrase®
Authors: da Silva Crozatti Thamara Thaiane , Miyoshi Juliana Harumi , Tonin Angélica Priscila Parussolo , Tomazini Larissa Fonseca , Oliveira Marco Aurélio Schuler , Maluf José Uebi , Meurer Eduardo Cesar , Matioli Graciette 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe obtaining of bioactive di‐ and tripeptides using Alcalase® and Neutrase® enzymes in the hydrolysis of soybean meal (SM) and its protein isolate (SPI) was evaluated. An innovative system by fast LC‐MS/MS neutral loss screening andde novosequencing was used to identify bioactive peptides. Soy protein characterisation, gel electrophoresis and antioxidant activity of the obtained peptides were performed. Results achieved showed that the use of Alcalase® and SPI preparation potentiated the peptide breaking bonds and favoured the obtainment of bioactive peptides. The antioxidant activity of tested samples was significantly improved with enzymatic hydrolysis. LC‐MS/MS analyses identified nineteen peptides in SM and 51 in SPI, all obtained after hydrolysis with Alcalase® and, according to BIOPEP, with relevant bioactivities and expressive functional potential. Therefore, it is suggested that bioactive peptides achieved in this study can enable the development of new ingredients and provide greater added value to soy by‐products.
Construct validity of Advanced Practice Role Delineation tool: A confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Jokiniemi Krista , Tervo‐Heikkinen Tarja , Peltokoski Jaana , Mikkonen Santtu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo test the psychometric properties and latent structure of the modified Strong Model of Advanced Practice tool.BackgroundThe Strong Model of Advanced Practice tool, developed in the United States in 1990s and its Australia modification, has been increasingly used to delineate nursing and advanced practice nursing roles. Few research‐driven efforts to develop and validate these tools have taken place.DesignPsychometric testing of the modified Strong Model of Advanced Practice tool.MethodsA confirmatory factor analysis was undertaken to examine the factors of the modified Strong Model of Advanced Practice tool and compare the model to the Australian Advanced Practice Role Delineation tool. The data were collected in September 2020.ResultsThe analysis of the data provided construct validity evidence of the underlying theoretical structures of the five‐factor modified Strong Model of Advanced Practice tool. The 45‐item modified Strong Model of Advanced Practice tool demonstrated satisfactory, slightly better psychometric properties and construct validity than the 40‐item Advanced Practice Role Delineation tool.ConclusionsPsychometric properties of the scale were evaluated and reported. Based on the statistical analysis, we suggest the use of the 45‐item modified Strong Model of Advanced Practice tool.
Average fixation duration in infancy: Stability and predictive utility
Authors: White Hannah , Heck Alison , Jubran Rachel , Chroust Alyson , Bhatt Ramesh S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current study examined the stability, consistency, and predictive utility of average fixation durations in infancy. In Study 1, infants' (N = 80) average fixation duration when viewing social stimuli was found to show strong relative stability from 3.5 to 9 months of age. In Study 2, strong within‐infant consistency was found in 3.5‐month‐old infants' (N = 73) average fixation durations to social and nonsocial stimuli. In Study 3, 3.5‐ to 9‐month‐old infants' (N = 89) average fixation duration was found to systematically vary with parent‐reported symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at 4–6 years of age. These results suggest that average fixation duration serves as a stable and systematic measure of individual differences in cognitive development beginning early in life.
Changes to the microbiome of alfalfa during the growing season and after ensiling with Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Lentilactobacillus hilgardii inoculant
Authors: Drouin Pascal , Tremblay Julien , da Silva Érica Benjamim , Apper Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study evaluated changes in epiphytic microbial population of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) during the growing season. First cut forage was harvested to study the effects of an inoculant combining two obligate heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria strains on the bacterial and fungal communities and the fermentation of alfalfa silage.

Methods and Results
The epiphytic microbiome of alfalfa was evaluated 10-times during the growing season. Alfalfa wilted to 395.0 g/kg was treated with water (Control) or with a combination of L. buchneri NCIMB 40788 and L. hilgardii CNCM-I-4785 (LBLH). Mini-silos were opened after 1, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 days of ensiling. The relative abundance (RA) of the epiphytic bacterial and fungal families varied during the growing season. After 1 day, Weissella was the most abundant genus and present at similar RA in the two treatments (average 80.4%). Compared with Control, LBLH had a higher RA of Lactobacillus at day 1, 16, 32, and 64, and a lower RA of Weissella from day 8 to 64. Control contained more bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriales than LBLH up to day 16. Inoculated silage had more acetate than Control at day 32 and 64. The fungal population were similar between treatments. The enhanced development and dominance of Lactobacillus in inoculated silage led to greater accumulation of acetate and propionate, which reduced the numbers of culturable yeasts but did not markedly affect the fungal community structure.

Conclusions
The bacterial community composition of alfalfa stands in the filed changed over time and was affected by cutting. For the ensiling trial, inoculation modified the composition of the bacterial community of alfalfa, increasing the RA of Lactobacillus while reducing the RA of Weissella and of Enterobacteriaceae.

Significance and Impact of Study
Inoculation increased the RA of Lactobacillus, hampering the dominance of Weissella in the early stages of ensiling, improving antifungal compounds production and reducing the numbers of culturable yeasts.
Immunological and safety profile of bacteriophage therapy: A pre-clinical study
Authors: Gangwar Mayank , Rastogi Sonam , Singh Digvijay , Shukla Alka , Dhameja Neeraj , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Rajesh , Nath Gopal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
Numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies have recently demonstrated the significant role of phage therapy in treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, only a few researchers have focused on monitoring the phage-mediated adverse reactions during phage therapy. The present study aimed to demonstrated the oral acute and sub-acute toxicity of bacteriophages (Klebsiella pneumoniae XDR strain) in Charles Foster rats with special reference to immunological response and adverse effects.

Methods and Results
Bacteriophages were orally administered in dosages of 1010 PFU/ml and a 1015 PFU/ml to Charles Foster rats as a single dose (in acute toxicity study) and daily dosage for 28 days (in sub-acute toxicity study). One millilitre suspension of bacteriophages was administered through the oral gavage feeding tube. No adverse effect was observed in any of the experimental as well as in the control animals. Furthermore, an insignificant change in food and water intake and body weight was observed throughout the study period compared with the control group rats. On the 28th day of phage administration, blood was collected to estimate haematological, biochemical and cytokines parameters. The data suggested no difference in the haematological, biochemical and cytokine profiles compared to the control group. No significant change in any of the treatment groups could be observed on the gross and histopathological examinations. The cytokines estimated, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-gamma, were found within the normal range during the experiment.

Conclusions
The results concluded that no adverse effect, including the severe detrimental impact on oral administration of high (1010 PFU/ml) and very high dose (1015 PFU/ml) of the bacteriophages cocktail.

Significance and Impact of Study
The high and long-term oral administration of bacteriophages did not induce noticeable immunological response as well.
Exploring of probiotic potential vaginal lactobacillus isolates from healthy women against Gardnerella vaginalis and Caenorhabditis elegans model testing
Authors: Li Yunxia , Jiang Yan , Lessing Duncan James , Chu Weihua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aim
Lactobacillus species are the dominant microorganisms in the vaginal microbiota of healthy women and play an important role in the defence against pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate probiotic potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain P1 isolated from healthy woman's vaginal discharge for its further utilization as a promising candidate strain in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis.

Methods and Results
Ten lactobacilli strains from a woman's vaginal discharge were evaluated for their probiotic potential, including growth capacity at different pH levels (pH 3.5–4.5), acid production, hydrogen peroxide production capacity, antibacterial activity and susceptibility to antibiotics. Moreover, in vitro safety assay haemolytic activity and mutagenicity were investigated for safety assessment. In vivo Caenorhabditis elegans infection model was used to investigate the anti-infection effect of selected isolates. We found that lactobacilli strain P1 showed strong growth ability in low acid environment, produced acid, hydrogen peroxide, had the strongest antibacterial activity against G. vaginalis and was highly susceptible to the tested antibiotics. When assayed for the safety, strain P1 showed no haemolytic activity and had no effect of mutagenicity. Moreover, P1 significantly increased the lifespan of C. elegans against G. vaginalis infection. Combined with the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, morphological and physiological characteristic, the strain was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.

Conclusion
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain P1 proves to be a promising candidate strain in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis caused by G. vaginalis.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Conventional antibiotic therapy for bacterial vaginosis has led to the accelerated process of bacterial drug resistance. Probiotics are potentially an alternative method for bacterial vaginosis therapy. This finding provides bacterial resources for keeping pathogens away from the vagina. We believe L. plantarum P1 may be used as vaginal probiotics and be useful to prevent or treat bacterial vaginitis.
Auranofin promotes antibacterial effect of doripenem against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Kim Hye-Rim , Eom Yong-Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study was performed to identify the potential for repurposing auranofin as an antibiotic adjuvant against carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii.

Methods and Results
The clinically isolated A. baumannii strains used in this study were all resistant to carbapenems and harboured the blaOXA-23 gene. The synergistic effect of auranofin and doripenem against carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii was confirmed through checkerboard and growth kinetic analyses. This study also demonstrated the inhibitory effects of auranofin against A. baumannii biofilms. The anti-biofilm effects of auranofin were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Furthermore, auranofin inhibited motility, one of the virulence factors. Additionally, the changes in the expression of carbapenemase-, biofilm- and efflux pump-related genes induced by auranofin were confirmed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that auranofin has an antibacterial effect with doripenem and an inhibitory effect on several factors related to carbapenem resistance.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study suggests that auranofin is a promising antibiotic adjuvant that can be used to prevent antibiotic resistance in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii.
Beyond tracking climate: Niche shifts during native range expansion and their implications for novel invasions
Authors: Lustenhouwer Nicky , Parker Ingrid M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimAlthough ecological niche models have been instrumental in understanding the widespread species distribution shifts under global change, rapid niche shifts limit model transferability to novel locations or time periods. Niche shifts during range expansion have been studied extensively in invasive species, but may also occur in native populations tracking climate change. We compared niche shifts during both types of range expansion in a Mediterranean annual plant to ask (i) whether the species' native range expansion tracked climate change, (ii) whether further range expansion was promoted by niche expansion, and (iii) how these results changed forecasts of two ongoing invasions in Australia and California.LocationEurasian Holarctic, California and Australia.TaxonDittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter (Asteraceae).MethodsNiche shifts were quantified in both environmental and geographic space, using the framework of niche centroid shift, overlap, unfilling and expansion (COUE) as well as maximum entropy modelling. We used the historic native distribution and climate data (1901–1930) to project the expected distribution in the present climate (1990–2019) and compared it to the observed current distribution of D. graveolens. Finally, we compared invasion forecasts based on the historic and present native niches.ResultsDittrichia graveolens expanded its native range well beyond expectations based on the observed climate change, associated with a 5.5% niche expansion towards more temperate climates. In contrast, both invasions showed niche conservatism and were (still) constrained to climatic areas matching the historic native niche.Main conclusionsContrary to hypotheses in the literature, niche shifts are not necessarily more rapid in invasions than in native range expansions. We conclude that niche expansion during the process of climate tracking may cause further range expansion than expected based on climate change alone.
The Amazon‐Orinoco Barrier as a driver of reef‐fish speciation in the Western Atlantic through time
Authors: Araujo Gabriel S. , Rocha Luiz A. , Lastrucci Naomi S. , Luiz Osmar J. , Di Dario Fabio , Floeter Sergio R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe Amazon‐Orinoco plume is the major biogeographical barrier between the Great Caribbean and the Brazilian Province. No study has so far addressed the influence of this barrier in a broad chrono‐phylogenetic context. Here, we evaluate the effects of the Amazon‐Orinoco plume barrier on the patterns of diversification of Western Atlantic reef fishes through time.LocationTropical Western Atlantic.TaxonReef Fishes (Percomorpha).MethodsWe compiled DNA sequence data of 21 molecular markers from sister species/population pairs across 33 reef‐fish families in the Greater Caribbean biogeographical region and the Brazilian Province. The data included estimated divergence times between sister‐pairs based on previously published phylogenies and 94 newly proposed time‐trees. Divergence dates were compared with variations in the sedimentation discharge rate of the Amazon River and sea‐level fluctuations. To address the hypothesis that fishes with different adult sizes are affected differently by the Amazon‐Orinoco plume, we used a phylogenetic least squares regression to test the relationship between maximum total body length and divergence times between the Caribbean and Brazilian sister‐pairs.ResultsWe identified an increase in the rates of lineage diversification between sister‐pairs of the Greater Caribbean and Brazilian Province reef fishes in the past 2.4 million years, in accordance with the period of higher sedimentation rates of the Amazon River and the more frequent sea‐level fluctuations in the Pleistocene. A strong relationship between total body length and effectiveness of the barrier through time was confirmed, with smaller species typically diverging earlier in periods when sedimentation rates of the Amazon River were significantly lower.ConclusionsThe strong biogeographical signal detected in this study across different lineages of reef fishes clearly indicates that the Amazon‐Orinoco plume played a significant role in the diversification of the Atlantic reef‐fish fauna. The temporal pattern of diversifications indicates a correlation between the permeability of the plume, sea‐level fluctuations, variability in the volume of the discharge and fish body size, with the barrier's influence being weaker on larger fishes.
Redescription of Anchoviella cayennensis (Puyo, 1945) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae), with the synonymization of Anchoviella sanfranciscana Barbosa, Gomes da Silva, da Rocha Araújo & Carvalho, 2017 and remarks on Anchoviella perfasciata (Poey, 1860)
Authors: Agostinho Lorena S. , Loeb Marina V. , Di Dario Fabio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnchoviella cayennensis (Puyo, 1945) is a relatively small‐sized, coastal and estuarine western Atlantic species of anchovy distributed from Suriname to southeastern Brazil. The species is morphologically similar to Anchoviella perfasciata (Poey, 1860) from the Central and western North Atlantic, and it has been suggested in the literature that both are actually synonyms. The recently described Anchoviella sanfranciscana (Barbosa et al., 2017) was reported as endemic to the estuary of the São Francisco River, northeastern Brazil. Most characters proposed as diagnostic for A. sanfranciscana in the description are, however, similar to the ones reported for A. cayennensis and A. perfasciata. To determine the complex taxonomic scenario involving the three species, 24 morphometric and 13 meristic characters of 171 specimens tentatively identified as A. perfasciata (including the holotype) and A. cayennensis from the Central and South Atlantic in addition to the holotype and 19 paratypes of A. sanfranciscana (total: 191 specimens) were analysed. The PCAs of morphometric characters indicate the existence of two groups, which are recognized as A. perfasciata and A. cayennensis, with A. sanfranciscana proposed as a junior synonym of the later. Further evidence from gill arch dentition also indicates that A. perfasciata and A. cayennensis are distinct valid species. A redescription of A. cayennensis is presented, with a neotype proposed for the species. Confirmation of the identity of specimens attributed to A. cayennensis indicates that its southern limit of distribution is in the Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. An updated taxonomic key for the estuarine and coastal Atlantic species of Anchoviella is also presented.