bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalent emergence of reciprocity among cross-feeding bacteria
Authors: Giri Samir , Yousif Ghada , Shitut Shraddha , Oña Leonardo , Kost Christian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Explaining the de novo evolution of obligate cooperative cross-feeding interactions among bacteria is a fundamental problem. A critical step during this process is the emergence of reciprocity among two interaction partners, because a mutually beneficial exchange of metabolic byproducts can subsequently favour the evolution of cooperative cross-feeding. However, so far, the propensity with which unidirectional cross-feeding interactions transition into bidirectional interactions remains unknown. To address this issue, we systematically cocultured four amino acid auxotrophic genotypes of two bacterial species with potential amino acid donors belonging to 25 different bacterial species. Surprisingly, the results of this experiment revealed that in around 40% of all cases analysed, both the auxotrophic recipient and the metabolically autonomous donor gained a significant growth advantage in coculture. Subsequent experiments clarified that the auxotrophy-causing mutation did not induce the growth-enhancing effect of recipients, but that it was rather due to a generally high propensity of different species to engage in synergistic metabolic interactions. Together, these findings show that reciprocity commonly emerges spontaneously in unidirectional cross-feeding interactions, thus paving the way for the evolution of even tighter metabolic interactions.
Effects of Interventions Involving Speech Output Technologies on Communication Outcomes for Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chavers Tiffany N. , Schlosser Ralf W. , Cheng Cissy , Koul Rajinder 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
This scoping review aimed to map the literature on the effects of interventions involving speech output technologies on communication outcomes for individuals with developmental disabilities other than autism spectrum disorder.

Method:
A scoping review methodology was used to limit bias in searching, selecting, coding, and synthesizing relevant intervention studies. This involved a multifaceted search for studies conducted between 1991 and March 2021 using various electronic databases, ancestry searches, and forward citation searches from selected articles. Studies had to meet stringent inclusion criteria. Each study was summarized in terms of authors, purpose, participants, design, speech output, outcomes, effectiveness, and quality appraisal.

Results:
Twenty-five single-case experimental design studies (88 participants) and one group design studies (62 participants) qualified for inclusion. Most of the participants had multiple diagnoses followed by a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and Down syndrome. Most studies focused on requesting behaviors and to a much lesser extent on syntactic structure and word identification. A dearth of high-quality studies was identified.

Conclusions:
Overall, there is a paucity of high-quality research investigating the effects of speech output technologies for children with developmental disabilities. Additionally, several directions for future research are posited.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20468928
Clinical results at 10 years of minimum follow-up with the ABG 2 hip arthroplasty, matched with ceramic-on-ceramic bearings
Authors: Coulomb Remy , Mansour Jad , Essig Jérome , Asencio Gérard , Kouyoumdjian Pascal 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The current study aimed as a primary goal is to assess the results of a ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearing hip system matched with ABG (Anatomic Benoist Girard) 2 components in terms of survivorship. Secondary objectives addressed specifically ceramic-related complications as well as specific patterns at the bone-implant interface. Material and methods: This is a retrospective bicentric continuous series involving 147 patients (95 males vs. 52 females) who underwent ABG 2 arthroplasties with CoC bearings. One hundred and twenty-five hips were closely followed-up at a mean period of 11.3 years. Results and discussion: With a mean follow-up of 11.3 years, nine cases (5.7%) underwent revision surgery, four caused by acetabular aseptic loosening, three by deep infections, one ceramic head fracture, and one femoro-acetabular impingement. The global survivorship was 92.2% at 12.7 years. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) mean scores increased post-operatively from 50.1 up to 96.1 points (p < 0.001). All stems featured patterns of radiological osseous integration onto the hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated zones. No radiological wear or osteolysis of ceramic bearings was demonstrated however, five patients reported hip squeaking using this bearing. This study demonstrated excellent results at mid-term follow-up in patients younger than 70 years of age using cementless ABG 2 components coupled with CoC bearings with no increase in complication rate.
Ernährungsmedizinischer Bedarf und reale Versorgung von Brustkrebspatientinnen
Authors: Ostermann Jasmin , Smollich Martin 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungEinleitung Für die Primärtherapie und Rezidivprävention des Mammakarzinoms sind der Ernährungsstatus und mögliche Effekte von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln von großer klinischer Relevanz. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Beantwortung der Frage, ob es eine Diskrepanz zwischen dem ernährungsmedizinischen Bedarf von Brustkrebspatientinnen und der realen Versorgungssituation gibt.Methoden Von Dezember 2019 bis März 2020 wurden Brustkrebspatientinnen mittels eines Online-Fragebogens zu den persönlichen Erfahrungen während ihrer onkologischen Therapie befragt. Die erhobenen Daten wurden statistisch ausgewertet und kritisch diskutiert.Ergebnisse Von den befragten Brustkrebspatientinnen (n=166) gaben 64,5% an, keine Ernährungsberatung erhalten zu haben, wobei sich von diesen Frauen 71,8% eine Ernährungsberatung gewünscht hätten. 56% der Frauen gaben an, keinerlei Beratung bezüglich der Einnahme von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln erhalten zu haben; gleichzeitig hatten aber 80,8% der Frauen während ihrer onkologischen Therapie Nahrungsergänzungsmittel eingenommen. 83,7% der Frauen informierten sich selbstständig über mögliche therapiebegleitende Ernährungstherapien, wobei die Informationen mit 71,2% am häufigsten von Internetseiten und Online-Foren stammten.Diskussion Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine erhebliche Diskrepanz zwischen ernährungsmedizinischem Bedarf und realer Beratungssituation von Frauen mit Brustkrebs. Trotz des mehrheitlich artikulierten Bedarfs einer individuellen Ernährungsberatung wird diese in der Regel nicht angeboten. Die strukturelle Implementierung einer qualifizierten Ernährungsberatung für alle Brustkrebspatientinnen wäre dringend notwendig, um durch einen optimierten Ernährungsstatus die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit der onkologischen Therapie zu verbessern und potenziell gefährliche Wechselwirkungen mit Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln zu vermeiden.
Complication rates of direct puncture and pull-through techniques for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: Results from a large multicenter cohort
Authors: Schuhmacher Leonie , Bojarski Christian , Reich Victoria , Adler Andreas , Veltzke-Schlieker Winfried , Jürgensen Christian , Wiedenmann Bertran , Siegmund Britta , Branchi Federika , Buchkremer Julianne , Hornoff Steffen , Hartmann Dirk , Treese Christoph 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Two different techniques for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) have been developed: classical pull-through and direct puncture techniques. This study compared the complication rate for both techniques in a large retrospective patient cohort.
Patients and methods Clinical data from patients who received a PEG in four high-volume centers for endoscopy were included retrospectively between January 2016 and December 2018. Patient characteristics and complication rates were correlated in univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results Data from 1014 patients undergoing a PEG insertion by the pull-through technique were compared to 183 patients for whom the direct puncture technique was used. The direct puncture technique was associated with a 50 % reduction in minor and 85.7 % reduction in major complications when compared to the pull-through technique. Multivariate analysis of these data revealed an odds ratio of 0.067 (0.02–0.226; P < 0.001) for major complications in the direct puncture group.
Conclusions Compared to the pull-through technique, the direct puncture technique resulted in a significant reduction in complications. Despite the retrospective design of this study, these results suggest that the direct puncture technique may be preferable to improve patient safety.
Rapidly frequency-tuneable, in-vacuum, and magnetic levitation chopper for fast modulation of infrared light
Authors: Lekkas Ioannis , Frogley Mark D. , Achtnich Timon , Cinque Gianfelice 
Published: August 2022

We present an in-vacuum mechanical chopper running at high speed and integrated into a magnetic levitating motor for modulating optical beams up to 200 kHz. The compact chopper rotor allows fast acceleration (10 kHz s−1 as standard) for rapid tuning of the modulation frequency, while 1 mm diameter slots provide high optical throughput for larger infrared beams. The modulation performances are assessed using a reference visible laser and the high brightness, broadband, infrared (IR) beam of synchrotron radiation at the MIRIAM beamline B22 at Diamond Light Source, UK. For our application of IR nanospectroscopy, minimizing the temporal jitter on the modulated beam due to chopper manufacturing and control tolerances is essential to limit the noise level in measurements via lock-in detection, while high modulation frequencies are needed to achieve high spatial resolution in photothermal nanospectroscopy. When reaching the maximum chopping frequency of 200 kHz, the jitter was found to be 0.9% peak-to-peak. The described chopper now replaces the standard ball-bearing chopper in our synchrotron-based FTIR photothermal nanospectroscopy system, and we demonstrate improved spectroscopy results on a 200 nm thickness polymer film.
Nucleation and growth of crystals inside polyethylene nano-droplets
Authors: Zerze Hasan 
Published: August 2022

Polymer crystallization is a long-standing interesting problem both in fundamental polymer physics and in polymer manufacturing. Fundamentally, the connectivity of the macromolecules provides a unique feature for the study of nucleation and growth of crystals in contrast to the crystallization of smaller molecules. In addition, understanding the crystallization in polymers is industrially important due to the necessity of its control to achieve mechanically durable plastic materials. Molecular dynamics simulations offer a suitable way of studying this phenomenon due to their capability to probe the small time and length scales that are characteristic of nucleation. In this paper, we use a long alkane chain model to study nucleation and the growth of polyethylene crystals both within bulk and nano-droplets whose diameters range from about 6 to 11 nm. It is found that the droplets approach being more spherical during the nucleation whereas they deviate from this shape during the growth regime. Strikingly, a mean first passage time analysis indicates that the nucleation rate per unit volume decreases as the droplet size is increased. Finally, visual inspection of the simulation snapshots suggests that nuclei majorly emerged from the surface of the droplets.
A regularization-driven Mean Teacher model based on semi-supervised learning for medical image segmentation
Authors: Wang Qing , Li Xiang , Chen Mingzhi , Chen Lingna , Chen Junxi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. A semi-supervised learning method is an essential tool for applying medical image segmentation. However, the existing semi-supervised learning methods rely heavily on the limited labeled data. The generalization performance of image segmentation is improved to reduce the need for the number of labeled samples and the difficulty of parameter tuning by extending the consistency regularization. Approach. We propose a new regularization-driven Mean Teacher model based on semi-supervised learning for medical image segmentation in this work. We introduce a regularization-driven strategy with virtual adversarial training to improve segmentation performance and the robustness of the Mean Teacher model. We optimize the unsupervised loss function and the regularization term with an entropy minimum to smooth the decision boundary. Main results. We extensively evaluate the proposed method on the International Skin Imaging Cooperation 2017(ISIC2017) and COVID-19 CT segmentation datasets. Our proposed approach gains more accurate results on challenging 2D images for semi-supervised medical image segmentation. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed approach has significantly improved and is superior to other semi-supervised segmentation methods. Significance. The proposed approach can be extended to other medical segmentation tasks and can reduce the burden of physicians to some extent.
Risk analysis of wall forces in high-current RFP plasma operations
Authors: Abate D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the definition of a framework for assessing and managing the risk related to magnetic forces on the wall during high-current reversed field pinch (RFP) plasma operations is presented. The magnetic forces occurring in 582 RFX-mod shots with fast termination are computed for the whole discharge duration. The resulting force distribution is examined using statistical tools from extreme value theory to estimate the magnitude and probability of large potential values of forces during the operations. Starting from RFX-mod results, the risk related to wall forces is quantified for RFX-mod2 operations.
Comparison between SOLPS-ITER and B2.5-Eunomia for simulating Magnum-PSI
Authors: Gonzalez J , Chandra R , de Blank H J , Westerhof E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The interaction between plasma, neutrals and surfaces in fusion reactors is of immense importance for heat and particle control, especially for the next generation of devices. Heat loads of

10

MW

m

−
2

are expected for steady state operation at ITER and up to

20

MW

m

−
2

in slow transient situations. To study the complex physics appearing between the plasma and the divertor material, as well as techniques for heat flux mitigation, plasma linear devices are employed. Magnum-PSI, located at DIFFER, can reproduce the heat and particle loads expected at ITER. However, due to the complexity of the plasma–wall interaction, numerical models are required to better understand the experiments and to extrapolate the results to a tokamak divertor configuration. For tokamak geometries, SOLPS-ITER (formerly known as B2.5-Eirene) is employed to solve the plasma and neutral distribution in a coupled way. However, the utilization of this code for linear devices is not straightforward. Thus, a neutral module was developed with linear devices in mind, named Eunomia. Nevertheless, there is still a relevant interest in using SOLPS-ITER with linear devices, as it allows to easily transfer knowledge about relevant atomic and molecular processes close to the surface and the effect of different mitigation techniques. This work presents a systematic comparison between the two neutral modules, Eirene and Eunomia, in stand-alone and coupled runs. Special attention is paid to the implementation of plasma-neutral interactions, in which both codes diverge significantly. The sources of particles and energy that are used by B2.5 in a coupled run are analysed. Significant differences in the implementation of electron impact ionization, molecular assisted recombination and proton–molecule elastic collisions lead to disparate sources of particles and energy and, in some cases, differences in the distribution of neutrals achieved by each code. Moreover, a double counting in proton–atom collisions was identified in Eunomia as a result of this analysis, artificially increasing the plasma-neutral sink of energy. This would lead to different plasma evolutions in coupled runs. Nevertheless, additional-free parameters in both coupled code suites leave sufficient freedom to match experimental data. Additional data would be required to further constrain these parameters and the coupled solution.
Transport simulations of pre-thermal quench shattered pellet injection in ITER: code verification and assessment of key trends
Authors: Matsuyama A , Hu D , Lehnen M , Nardon E , Artola J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The material assimilation of the shattered pellet injection (SPI) in the pre-thermal quench phase in ITER is studied numerically by means of one-dimensional (1D) transport simulations. Such a simplified 1D approach is useful to perform extensive and systematic studies of key engineering parameters to optimize the ITER Disruption Mitigation System. The simulation results are compared with two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric simulations by the nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic code JOREK for 5

%

neon/95

%

hydrogen SPI in the 15 MA hydrogen L-mode discharge to clarify the characteristics of SPI assimilation that can be analyzed within the range of the 1D model. Reasonable agreement between the 1D SPI simulation by the INDEX code and the 2D simulations by the JOREK code is found for total ablation rates, the radiation power, and the density and temperature profile evolution. The key process that was studied with the transport code is the onset of the radiative cold front that destabilizes the plasma current profiles. The injection parameters for the neon mixed hydrogen SPI are widely scanned to identify the timescale for the radiative cold front to form. Depending on the relative velocity of the cold front and the SPI fragments, the plasma cooling process can differ significantly. SPI with high injection velocities and large shard sizes results even in an inside-out plasma cooling that leads to hollow temperature profiles in the simulations reported here.
Numerical study of various scenarios for the formation of atmospheric pressure DC discharge characteristics in argon: from glow to arc discharge
Authors: Saifutdinov A I 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, on the basis of a unified model from the point of view of describing the gas discharge gap and electrodes for 2D geometry, numerical calculations were carried out to study various modes of direct current discharges in argon at atmospheric pressure. The influence of the cooling conditions of the electrodes on the current–voltage characteristic of the discharge is shown: the transition from normal glow to arc discharge with the formation of an abnormal glow mode and without it. It is shown that, depending on the cooling conditions of the electrodes, two forms of arc discharge can be obtained: with a diffuse or contracted current spot. In the low-current mode, current and voltage oscillations were obtained during the transition from the Townsend to the normal glow discharge.
Magnetic field deflection in a 100 W Hall thruster with permanent magnets
Authors: Zhang Guangchuan , Ren Junxue , Tang Haibin , Zhang Zhe , Cao Jinbin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The compact structure restrains the application of magnetic shielding in low-power Hall thrusters (LpHTs), leading to an asymmetric magnetic field or partial magnetic shielding of the channel wall. This study employs a trim coil to implement an asymmetric magnetic configuration in a 100 W laboratory Hall thruster. The locations of the maximum curvature of magnetic lines are deflected toward the inner and outer channel wall corresponding to the inward and outward deflected magnetic field configurations. Effects of the magnetic field deflection on the position of the ionization zone, efficiency of the thruster, discharge oscillations, and wall erosion are studied. Optical imaging and electrostatic probes are employed to monitor and scan the plasma beam. Experimental results show that the outward deflection induces a change in the magnetic mirror effect and alters the location of the ionization zone. The radial movement of the ionization zone away from the inner channel wall decreases the near-wall conductivity, reducing the electron current by 13.5% and promoting the current efficiency. Discharge oscillations are suppressed, and the propellant utilization efficiency is improved by 8.2%. Erosion of the channel wall shows an improvement of 40%. Generally, an outward deflected magnetic configuration can significantly improve the performance of LpHTs.
Non-invasive dual attention TCN for electromyography and motion data fusion in lower limb ambulation prediction
Authors: Zhou Bin , Feng Naishi , Wang Hong , Lu Yanzheng , Wei Chunfeng , Jiang Daqi , Li Ziyang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Recent technological advances show the feasibility of fusing surface electromyography (sEMG) signals and movement data to predict lower limb ambulation intentions. However, since the invasive fusion of different signals is a major impediment to improving predictive performance, searching for a non-invasive (NI) fusion mechanism for lower limb ambulation pattern recognition based on different modal features is crucial. Approach. We propose an end-to-end sequence prediction model with NI dual attention temporal convolutional networks (NIDA-TCNs) as a core to elegantly address the essential deficiencies of traditional decision models with heterogeneous signal fusion. Notably, the NIDA-TCN is a weighted fusion of sEMG and inertial measurement units with time-dependent effective hidden information in the temporal and channel dimensions using TCN and self-attentive mechanisms. The new model can better discriminate between walking, jumping, downstairs, and upstairs four lower limb activities of daily living. Main results. The results of this study show that the NIDA-TCN models produce predictions that significantly outperform both frame-wise and TCN models in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, precision, F1 score, and stability. Particularly, the NIDA-TCN with sequence decision fusion (NIDA-TCN-SDF) models, have maximum accuracy and stability increments of 3.37% and 4.95% relative to the frame-wise model, respectively, without manual feature-encoding and complex model parameters. Significance. It is concluded that the results demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the NIDA-TCN-SDF models to ensure the prediction of daily lower limb ambulation activities, paving the way to the development of fused heterogeneous signal decoding with better prediction performance.