bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Globally Mobile “Elites” Experience Distance: Highly Skilled Finns in Silicon Valley
Authors: Kiriakos Carol Marie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article challenges the idea, present in prominent social theories, that the meaning of distance has been erased or, at least, diminished in the global world. The diminishing meaning of distance has been assumed to be true especially for elite migrants because of their freedom to move geographically and to access the latest information and communication technologies. By examining the experience of distance in the case of highly skilled Finns who work in Silicon Valley, I will show that rather than simply erasing distance, virtual communication has also increased the awareness of distance. Thus, the role of virtual communication in the experience of distance is more complex than simply that of reducing it. Furthermore, this article shows how other aspects besides virtual communication continue to be relevant in the experience of distance. These include aspects such as travel time, time difference, and the physical demands of travel as well as proximity of people from the home country. Based on empirical findings, the article aims to show how the experience of distance is both complex and dynamic. This study contributes to the growing body of studies about the experiences of globally mobile, skilled migrants, and to studies on global and distributed work.
Devotedly International—But Always Wrong: Left-Wing Intellectuals and Their Orientation toward International Progressive Culture and Literature in the 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Koivisto Hanne 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The layer of the educated classes and intelligentsia was thin in Finland in the 1930s and 1940s. One of the most internationally oriented was a Helsinki-based group, whose members called themselves left-wing intellectuals. In spite of numbering only about twenty men and women, the group was both vocal and visible. Today the group offers a fascinating opportunity to observe clashes between ideologies and conflicts within the labor movement, as well as the ambivalent and problematic relationship of the Finns with the Soviet Union. Paradoxically, it appears that neither decade was favorable for the group, in spite of the decades’ strikingly different political ethos. The most active periods for left-wing intellectuals were the years 1933 to 1938 and 1944 to 1948. Both of these periods resulted in profound frustration for the members of the group, who could never realize their cultural objectives. Even worse, most contemporaries thought that their ideas and aims were simply wrong. In the present article, the author analyzes internationalism among left-wing intellectuals, its expression as well as its significance to working-class culture and literature in Finland.
Recognizing Your Class: Toivo Pekkanen, Raoul Palmgren, and Literature for the Working Class
Authors: Pynttäri Veli-Matti 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The rise of working-class literature in post-Civil War Finland was often accompanied by an increased critical interest in the notion of the working-class author. In this article, Toivo Pekkanen (1912–57), as one of the prime exponents of working-class literature in general, is contrasted with Raoul Palmgren's theoretically comprehensive and ideologically and socially determined view of working-class literature and the proletarian author. The shifting dynamics involved in recognizing and representing proletarian identity were crucial in contesting the value of literature to society in the 1930s.
Reshaping Finnish Working-Class Prose: Hannu Salama's Siinä näkijä missä tekijä as a Postrealistic Novel
Authors: Peltonen Milla 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article surveys Hannu Salama's contribution to the reshaping of working-class literature in the 1960s and 1970s. The main focus is on Salama's novel Siinä näkijä missä tekijä (Where there's a crime, there's a witness,1972), a pioneering work of Finnish postrealism. Postrealism reshapes both the themes and the narrative structure of traditional realism. With the help of several character-narrators, the novel breaks down the autocracy of the omniscient narrator, often held to be the ideological voice of a grand narrative; in Finnish literature, this is usually a bourgeois rather than a working-class one. In Siinä näkijä missä tekijä, ordinary workers describe their experience in the communist resistance movement during the Second World War in Finland. They also comment on the political context of the late 1960s. In the 1970s, Salama's novel raised polemics, but today it is regarded as one of the most innovative classics in all Finnish literature.
Say Yah to da Finns, Eh! Linguistically Performing Finnishness at Festivals
Authors: Remlinger Kathryn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article examines how language is used to perform Finnish American identity at ethnic festivals in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, particularly in the Keweenaw Peninsula, which one festival claims is the “Finnish American nesting place” and “a pivotal center for Finnish American culture” (http://finnfestusa2013.org/). These festivals provide rich opportunities for mapping language and identity, where individuals rely on a range of linguistic practices not only to claim their Finnishness (Wilce 2006), but also to authenticate it by locating it in a particular place through the use of recognizable ethnic and regional features and by enacting it through participation in traditional activities. The significance of language in both defining Finnish American and locating it in the Upper Peninsula is evident in festival advertisements and websites, activities, presentations, and souvenirs, as well as participants' use and display of family names. Meanings associated with these practices and the people–language–place connection are reinforced and legitimized through festival displays, genealogies, census data, traditional folkway demonstrations, Finnish language lessons, the use of Finnish, and references to historical Finnish texts and folklore. More importantly, individuals who come from outside the region and who do not claim Finnish American identities recognize what it means to be “Finnish American” with specific ethnolinguistic features that are recognized as “Finnish.” While social meanings attached to these linguistic practices are key in both their performance and recognition (Beal 2009; Johnstone 2010; Purnell, Raimy, and Salmons 2009), historical processes are also a significant element linking Finnish American identity, language use, and the Upper Peninsula (Remlinger 2007a, 2009), for it is historicity that legitimates these connections (Milroy 2002). Thus, historical, linguistic, and ideological processes contribute to the idea of an authentic Finnish American identity and to locating it in language tied to a particular place.
The Sámi Noaidi Grave in Kuusamo and the Significance of the North-South Orientation
Authors: Joy Francis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Sámi noaidi in Finland, often referred to as a shaman, has been studied primarily in a historical context and primarily within the framework of events that took place between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries when the priests in Finland, Sweden, and Norway, during the upheaval caused by colonialism, converted the Sámi to Christianity. Of this time period, a great deal has been written about the noaidi and his drum and the many traditional practices that had both a physical and spiritual dimension to them. However, there is little information about the items that decorated the noaidi's costume or the physical objects (e.g., amulets or charms in the forms of animals) that were used ritualistically as spiritual helpers, guides, and protectors of the noaidi when he undertook his out-of-body voyage from the physical world into the world of the spirits. The discovery of a grave in the Kuusamo municipality of northern Finland in 1970, and the archaeological investigation which followed, uncovered a number of grave artifacts amongst the noaidi's remains: a metal bird, an axe head, metal rings, a knife blade, a belt buckle, and a bone hammer, made from a reindeer antler, which was used for playing a magical drum. Another significant feature, which may provide a new understanding of Sámi burial customs, was the positioning of the body as it was found in its resting place. I will demonstrate the significance of the objects found beside the noaidi, analyzing a number of possibilities as to why they were placed with him to accompany him on his journey to the spirit world.
Finnish Enterprises and Perceptions for Economic Decline
Authors: Brandt Tiina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Finnish Company Reorganization Act (FCRA) came into force on February 8, 1993. According to this legislation, a reorganization program may be undertaken in order to rehabilitate a distressed debtor's viable business, to ensure its continued viability, and to facilitate debt arrangements. This study concentrates on fourteen Finnish entrepreneurs who were accepted into the reorganization program between 2008 and 2010. The focus here is on the entrepreneurs' thoughts about their own behavior and their own character, and how these were connected to their economic decline, as well as their perceptions of their own strengths as entrepreneurs. The results indicate that these entrepreneurs' strengths and weaknesses can be divided into different categories concerning working habits and character. The reasons for the weaknesses were connected to external factors such as lack of funding, high expenses, and a recession. Other reasons included problems with the entrepreneurs' own behavior and personality. The insights into these Finnish entrepreneurs' difficulties could help new entrepreneurs in the beginning of their careers. Additionally, the results could be used in courses on entrepreneurship, for example, in relation to helping budding entrepreneurs to understand their potential weaknesses and how to avoid the risks inherent in self-management.
Kuutamosonaatti (The Moonlight Sonata): Reproducing Anti-Idyllic Rural Representations in a Finnish Popular Film
Authors: Jumppanen Aapo , Suutari Timo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on the reproduction of rural anti-idyllic representations in audiovisual popular culture through an analysis of the Finnish film Kuutamosonaatti (The moonlight sonata, 1988). We examine how the divide between rural and urban people, as well as their living environments and gender roles, has been constructed in the film. We also show how the film mixes features of Hollywood hillbilly characters with a Finnish negative stereotyping of rural men. Moreover, both in Finland and the United States, the negative stereotyping of rural men had begun before the era of modern film. This paper claims that the representations of rural otherness in popular film mirror the development of the Finnish society toward a modern, urban way of life, which becomes dominant.
Mantelzorg: vrijwillig maar niet vrijblijvend
Authors: Fortuin S.E. 
Published: November 2022

Mantelzorg: vrijwillig maar niet vrijblijvend
Nederland heeft ca. 4 miljoen mantelzorgers, die ca. 75% van de zorg aan huis verlenen. De mantelzorger wordt wel gedefinieerd in zorgwetten, waardoor het begrip en hun inzet is ingebed in het bestuursrecht, maar zij kunnen daar geen enkel recht aan ontlenen. In het geval van falende zorg of bezuinigingen hebben mantelzorgers geen enkele rechtspositie, terwijl overbelasting een risico is.In het artikel wordt getracht de onderlinge relaties in kaart te brengen om de mantelzorger zelf een plaats in de tripartite rechtsverhouding, met zorgvrager en zorguitvoerder c.s., te bieden en daarmee een vorm van bescherming. De relatie tussen de zorgvrager en de mantelzorger wordt aangemerkt als een natuurlijke verbintenis ex artikel 6:3 BW. De wettelijke zorguitvoerders, d.w.z. zorgverzekeraar, zorgkantoor en gemeente, hebben de plicht de wet (Zvw, Wlz, Wmo en Jw) uit te voeren. Via de machtiging of beschikking materialiseert voor de zorgvrager het recht op zorg. Deze contracteert op zijn beurt een zorgleverancier, de zorgaanbieder of de mantelzorger, die de feitelijke zorg verlenen. Dit contracteren gebeurt op privaatrechtelijke basis, hetgeen tot gevolg heeft dat de zorgaanbieder een hulppersoon is in de zin van artikel 6:76 BW, waardoor de wettelijke zorguitvoerder altijd aansprakelijk blijft voor falende zorg. De zorguitvoerder maakt namelijk – al dan niet via de hiervoor ingehuurde zorgaanbieder – niet alleen duidelijke afspraken met de professionele zorgaanbieder, maar ook met de mantelzorger. Er worden afspraken gemaakt over welke werkzaamheden de mantelzorger nog verricht, en de overige werkzaamheden komen voor rekening van de zorguitvoerder. De afspraken met de mantelzorger worden gekwalificeerd als een vaststellingsovereenkomst ex artikel 7:900 e.v. BW. Een mantelzorgovereenkomst, waaruit ook verplichtingen voortvloeien van de wettelijke zorguitvoerder jegens de mantelzorger.
De bestuurlijke boete (af)ge(s)temd: naar een verdere onderlinge afstemming tussen bestuursrecht en strafrecht?
Authors: Hartmann A.R. 
Published: November 2022

De bestuurlijke boete (af)ge(s)temd: naar een verdere onderlinge afstemming tussen bestuursrecht en strafrecht?
In het in 2015 verschenen advies van de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State Justitie inzake sanctiestelsels werd duidelijk dat de afgelopen jaren er een scheefgroei is ontstaan tussen de hoogte van de diverse bestuurlijke boetes en het ontbreekt aan afstemming op de geldboetecategorieën uit het strafrecht. Het kabinet heeft in 2018 op het advies van de Afdeling advisering gereageerd via het zogenoemde Nader rapport bestuurlijke boetestelsels. Daarin zijn een aantal concrete maatregelen aangekondigd ter bijsturing van de ontstane situatie. Het kabinet heeft daartoe recent het conceptwetsvoorstel Wet stroomlijning bestuurlijke boetemaxima en termijnen gelanceerd. Dit conceptwetsvoorstel, dat ziet op de wijziging van de Algemene wet bestuursrecht en enkele andere wetten in verband met de aansluiting van maximale boetehoogtes en termijnen op het Wetboek van Strafrecht, beoogt met diverse aanpassingen in de wetgeving de verschillen tussen bestuurlijke en strafrechtelijke boetehoogtes te verkleinen en daarmee de scheefgroei tussen het bestuursrecht en het strafrecht aan te pakken.In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op de achtergrond van het conceptwetsvoorstel waarbij kort de gang en scheefgroei van de bestuurlijke boete ten opzichte van het strafrecht wordt beschreven. Vervolgens wordt beknopt ingegaan op het advies van de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State en het daarop verschenen Nader rapport bestuurlijke boetestelsels en de inhoud van het conceptwetsvoorstel. Ten slotte wordt op de inhoud daarvan gereageerd en wordt de vraag gesteld in hoeverre met dit wetvoorstel tegemoet wordt gekomen aan de genoemde scheefgroei.
ETIKA BISNIS DITINJAU DARI SUDUT PANDANG ALKITAB
Authors: Septinus Hia  
Published: November 2022

Bisnis merupakan usaha yang dilakukan manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya. Ada berbagai pandangan yang menyatakan bisnis itu kotor, pandangan ini merupakan pandangan yang salah karena bisnis pekerjaan yang dianugerahkan Tuhan kepada manusia. Dari sudut pandangan reform menjelaskan bahwa berbisnis merupakan panggilan dari Allah. Pekerjaan yang dilakukan manusia baik dalam Gereja maupun di luar merupakan perintah yang diberikan Tuhan. Dalam Alkitab tidak ada perintah atau larangan untuk berbisnis namun bisnis dapat dilakukan sesuai dengan prinsip Friman Tuhan. Orang percaya yang terlibat dalam praktik bisnis agar memahami bahwa bisnis itu anugerah dari Allah dan berbisnis merupakan panggilan dari Allah. Oleh karena itu, orang percaya seyogianya menggunakan bisnis.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN NUMERASI PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PENYELESAIAN SOAL MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI OPERASI HITUNG PECAHAN KELAS V SD NEGERI KEBONDALEM
Authors: Khoirudin Maftukh , Anjani Titi , Suyoto Suyoto 
Published: November 2022

Pendidikan adalah upaya mengubah perilaku individu melalui pembelajaran menjadi pribadi yang lebih baik. Sistem pendidikan di SD saat ini menggunakan AKM yang di dalamnya berisi tentang kemampuan literasi numerasi. Literasi numerasi adalah kemampuan berpikir untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan matematika yang berkaitan dengan sehari-hari, yang penyelesaiannya menggunakan konsep, prosedur, fakta, serta alat bantu. Permasalahan yang sering muncul adalah permasalahan pecahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kemampuan numerasi peserta didik dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika pada materi operasi hitung pecahan kelas V SD Negeri Kebondalem. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Miles & Huberman meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa kemampuan numerasi peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Kebondalem secara keseluruhan dikategorikan rendah. Adapun hasil kemampuan numerasi peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Kebondalem tersebut dapat dikatakan rendah dikarenakan ditinjau dari aspek: (a) Menafsirkan Hasil Analisis didapat hasil hanya 1 subjek yang memperoleh skor cukup sedangkan sisanya mendapat skor kurang baik, (b) Keterampilan Berhitung dan Penggunaan Berbagai Macam Angka dan Simbol didapat hasil hanya 1 subjek yang memperoleh skor, dan (c) Kemampuan Menggunakan Bagan, Grafik, Tabel, maupun Diagram didapat hasil semua subjek tidak ada yang memperoleh skor.
Motif Penggunaan Media Sosial Instagram di Kalangan Mahasiswa Ilmu Perpustakaan UIN Sumatera Utara
Authors: Kartini Kartini , Supit Iyen , Rahimi Adha , Simatupang Angraini , Rambe Rahot Martua 
Published: November 2022

This study aims to identify and analyze cognitive motives and affective motives for using Instagram social media among students of Bibliotechnology, State Islamic University of North Sumatra. This research uses constructivism paradigm with qualitative approach and descriptive procedure. The research subjects were 2 students. Methods of collecting information were tried through interviews, participatory observation, and library research. The information analysis technique was tried with an interactive information analysis model consisting of information reduction, information presentation, and drawing conclusions. The validity of the information is tested through triangulation of sources. The results of the research prove that: 1) The cognitive motives for using Instagram among students prove that there is a fulfillment of data needs from data exchange (sharing) which is the attractive side of Instagram, there is a need to reach the ideational level by sorting content so that what is displayed is perfect imagery and reaches emotional level as an effort to seek attention while fulfilling emotional pleasure. 2) Affective motives for using Instagram social media are directed through the willingness to get new experiences based on other people's content, the willingness to get reactions to the uploaded content, the willingness to acknowledge the image of the account owner so as to urge false reality, and the desire to feel comfortable in the form of a feeling of calm when using Instagram.
Keywords: Motif, social media, Instagram, uses and gratification theory.
Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Youtube sebagai Media Edukasi di Kalangan Milenial
Authors: Hasibuan Dinda R. A. ,  Kartini  Kartini , Angginami Hannum , Ritonga Imam Hardani , Al-Rasyid Rahmat 
Published: November 2022

How the use of YouTube social media as an educational medium among millennials is the topic of this research. This study seeks to find out how the millennial generation uses YouTube as an educational medium. This study uses a descriptive approach and literature study using books and journals as a source of information. Students strongly support the use of YouTube as a learning tool, according to the findings of this study. It is easy to get more in-depth information compared to other learning resources. It is difficult to use YouTube as a source of information . Learning resources due to lack of tools and facilities, unstable internet connection.
Keywords: millennial, social media, education
5 - Illicit Capital Flows and Money Laundering in Botswana: An Institutional Economic Analysis
Authors: Mogomotsi Patricia Kefilwe , Mogomotsi Goemeone E.J. , Hambira Wame L. 
Published: November 2022

Despite the success story of Botswana’s economy, the country is among other southern African countries that are highly prone to money laundering and illicit financial flows. Botswana has been regarded as one of the global conduits for illicit economic activities. Approximately US$ 1.1 billion and US$ 1.2 billion illicit financial flows were recorded in 2004 and 2013 respectively. However, there is a dearth of literature on the illicit financial flows in Botswana that takes into account the peculiar institutions, transactions and markets in Botswana. This study therefore aims to contribute to the body of literature by using document analysis and an institutional approach to analyse illicit financial flows in Botswana. The results show that over the years, tremendous efforts have been made to respond to money laundering and related offences. However, some deficiencies still remain. It is essential for financial institutions to carry out remedial exercises in their customer due diligence data in order for them to have useful profiles for risk management purposes. Furthermore, inter-agency co-operation and co-ordination should be enhanced and promoted in order to combat illicit capital flows and money laundering.
Patricia K. Mogomotsi, Associate Professor (Natural Resources Economics), Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana. Email: finkymadigele@gmail.com; pmadigele@ub.ac.bw
Goemeone E.J. Mogomotsi, Senior Research Fellow (Environmental Law & Policy), Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana.
Wame L. Hambira, Senior Research Fellow (Climate Change Adaptation Economics), Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana.
Les risques et pollutions industriels sur le territoire dunkerquois: des perceptions à la «concertation»
Authors: Beaurain Christophe , Bernard Julien , Calvo-Mendieta Iratxe , Flanquart Hervé , Frère Séverine , Gonthier Frédéric , Hellequin Anne-Peggy , Le Blanc Antoine 
Published: November 2022

Ce document présente les résultats d’une étude de la perception des risques et nuisances industrielles dans l’agglomération dunkerquoise, ainsi qu’une analyse de la perception et du fonctionnement de différentes structures de concertation consacrées à ces questions. Les auteurs analysent la façon dont les tensions entre risques et bénéfices socio-économiques liés à l’activité industrielle sont ressenties et gérées sur ce territoire fortement industrialisé, où différents acteurs sont engagés dans le projet commun d’articulation du développement industriel et d’amélioration de la qualité environnementale. Les chercheurs ont interrogé les Dunkerquois sur leur environnement, leur cadre de vie, leur perception des risques industriels, leur connaissance des consignes à appliquer en cas d’accident industriel, et la confiance qu’ils accordent à différents acteurs chargés de la gestion des risques. Ce travail s’appuie sur une enquête par questionnaire qui visait, en produisant de la connaissance sociologique sur ces thématiques, à intégrer l’analyse des perceptions et des opinions des habitants dans la réflexion sur la gestion des risques à l’échelle de leur territoire.