bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the measurement method of a two-component fluid proportion infrared spectrum based on HDC-PSAM
Authors: Liang Haibo , Luo Fenglong , Guo Jinhong , Zuo Xing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
When traditional infrared spectroscopy technology is used for the measurement and quantitative analysis of fluid, due to the complex band composition of the infrared spectrum, weak absorption intensity and spectral signal, the measurement can easily be disturbed, thus increasing the error. This makes it difficult to achieve the requirements for the accurate analysis of fluids. To solve this problem, this paper uses self-developed experimental apparatus and, using water-based drilling fluid and diesel oil, proposes a new method for quantitative research of two-component proportional fluids based on hybrid dilated convolution-pyramid self-attention modules (HDC-PSAMs). A large number of experiments are carried out on water-based drilling fluids, diesel and water mixtures, and a large number of spectral experimental data are preprocessed using moving window smoothing and normalization methods. HDC and PSAMs are used to extract effective features, and are combined with a partial least squares algorithm to model fluid mixtures to achieve quantification of the fluid mixtures. The experimental results show that this method can reduce the influence of disturbance during measurement, has higher accuracy and stability, and effectively improves the measurement accuracy of infrared spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of fluids. This method also provides strong technical support for the analysis of other fluids and the measurement of fluid mixtures using infrared spectroscopy technology.
How to illustrate the principal of radiography using three monochromatic lights
Authors: Kato Nanami , Kamata Masahiro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A simple experimental method for illustrating the principle of radiography has been developed by simulating radiation with visible monochromatic lights. In our new method, an liquid crystal display of a tablet computer was used as a light source for monochromatic lights, which worked as a substitute for an x-ray or neutron source. And a figure (pattern) printed, with a colour printer, on a transparent sheet for an overhead projector was used for the object. Therefore, the method is safe and inexpensive, and has the merit that the students, especially junior/senior high school students, can engage in exploring their experiments through trial and error by themselves.
The polarity of a plastic rod and a glass rod at contact charging
Authors: Onder Celikkanli Nuray , Unlu Yavas Pervin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to determine the polarity of a plastic rod and a glass rod at contact charging with various materials. Contact charging often occurs when two electrically neutral materials are brought into contact, and then separated. Thus, selecting the types of material pairs has a critical role to make the contact charging more observable and measurable. This study was designed to address the astonishment of students who accidentally learned that a plastic rod can be positively charged at contact charging. What materials can cause the plastic rod to become positively charged at contact charging? This is the main research question of this study. Thus, we searched the polarity of a plastic rod and a glass rod at contact charging with various materials by using a typical laboratory electroscope and also a modern electronic electroscope. At the end of the study, it was shown that although the plastic rod is generally negatively charged at contact charging with many materials, it is positively charged at contact charging with a nylon garbage bag, a piece of nitric, or a piece of Teflon (PTFE). In addition, the glass rod is generally positively charged at contact charging with many materials except the human hair.
A home-lab experiment: resonance and sound speed using telescopic vacuum cleaner pipes
Authors: Monteiro Martín , Stari Cecilia , Martí Arturo C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We propose a home laboratory in which a telescopic vacuum cleaner pipe and a smartphone are used to investigate sound speed and acoustic resonance. When the pipe is hit or the hands clapped near one end, the sound produced is registered by a smartphone. The resonant frequency is obtained using a smartphone and an appropriate application. Varying the pipe’s length and registering the corresponding resonant frequency allows to obtain the sound speed. This home-lab, first proposed during Covid-19 pandemic, has been incorporated as a home challenge to experiment with acoustic resonance in new normal times.
Teaching quantum physics in secondary schools using the analogy with the physics of musical instruments
Authors: Andreotti Erica , Frans Renaat 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The use of analogies in science has always been a source of creativity to come to new understandings. Analogical reasoning is applied in science education too as a powerful tool to understand new concepts. In this work we investigate the pedagogical potential of the analogy between the physics of musical instruments and quantum physics concepts including its limitations. We start from standing wave modes in musical instruments to look at quantization and superposition both in classical as in quantum phenomena.
Cardiovascular autonomic modulation during passive heating protocols: a systematic review
Authors: Ferreira Felipe Castro , Vaz Padilha Michelle Cristina Salabert , Rocha Teresa Mell da Mota Silva , Lima Ligia Soares , Carandina Angelica , Bellocchi Chiara , Tobaldini Eleonora , Montano Nicola , Soares Pedro Paulo da Silva , Rodrigues Gabriel Dias 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. To conduct a systematic review of the possible effects of passive heating protocols on cardiovascular autonomic control in healthy individuals. Approach. The studies were obtained from MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (BVS), EUROPE PMC (PMC), and SCOPUS databases, simultaneously. Studies were considered eligible if they employed passive heating protocols and investigated cardiovascular autonomic control by spontaneous methods, such as heart rate variability (HRV), systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), in healthy adults. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB-2) was used to assess the risk of bias in each study. Main results. Twenty-seven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Whole-body heating protocols caused a reduction in cardiac vagal modulation in 14 studies, and two studies reported both increased sympathetic modulation and vagal withdrawal. Contrariwise, local-heating protocols and sauna bathing seem to increase cardiac vagal modulation. A reduction of BRS was reported in most of the studies that used whole-body heating protocols. However, heating effects on BRS remain controversial due to methodological differences among baroreflex analysis and heating protocols. Significance. Whole-body heat stress may increase sympathetic and reduce vagal modulation to the heart in healthy adults. On the other hand, local-heating therapy and sauna bathing seem to increase cardiac vagal modulation, opposing sympathetic modulation. Nonetheless, further studies should investigate acute and chronic effects of thermal therapy on cardiovascular autonomic control.
Analytical study of gravitational lensing in Kerr-Newman black-bounce spacetime
Authors: Ghosh Saptaswa , Bhattacharyya Arpan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate the equatorial deflection angle of light rays propagating in Kerr-Newman black-bounce spacetime. Furthermore, we analyze the light ray trajectories and derive a closed-form formula for deflection angle in terms of elliptic integrals. The deflection angle increases with the decrease of charge and regularisation parameter for a particular impact parameter. We also study the strong field limit of the deflection angle. Using this strong deflection angle formula and lens equation, we find the radius of the first Einstein ring and study its dependence on the charge and the regularisation parameter. We demonstrate that the charge has a robust effect on the size of the Einstein rings, but the effect of the regularization parameter on the ring size is negligible. We also investigate the non-equatorial lensing and the caustic structures for small polar inclination, and the same observations appear to hold. These results directly affect the observational appearance of the Kerr-Newman black-bounce.
Race, ethnicity, and support for climate policy
Authors: Benegal Salil , Azevedo Flávio , Holman Mirya R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Addressing the increasing temperatures of the globe requires society-wide adaptation and mitigation efforts. One central challenge to these efforts is the resistance of groups to support broad policy efforts to reduce global temperatures, with particular resistance in the United States. While scholars have established that partisanship, ideology, demographic, and socio-economic characteristics shape support for climate policy, we do not yet understand how these factors might vary within and across racial and ethnic groups. In this paper, we use pooled data from the Cooperative Election Study (N
total = 241 800) to examine differences in attitudes about climate policy between Asian, Black, Hispanic, and white Americans. Comparing across groups, we demonstrate that the many core findings of scholarship on support for climate policy apply nearly exclusively to white Americans, with varying correlational relationships for Asian, Black, and Hispanic Americans. Our efforts provide a much-needed examination of how racial identity shapes views on climate change and show that central, replicated results in scholarship on climate change apply largely to the views and behaviors of white Americans.
Concerning perceived and clinically-measured levels of halitosis
Authors: Oshiro Akiko , Zaitsu Takashi , Inoue Yuko , Srinarupat Jarassri , Nguyen Vy Thi Nhat , Nagai Masato , Aida Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The different types of self-reported halitosis complaints include those where one feels that one’s breath smells bad, where one feels that one has bad breath because of the attitudes of others, and where others have pointed out the presence of bad breath. The results of previous studies comparing the objective and subjectives measures of halitosis are inconsistent, and few studies have used gas chromatography (GC) to measure halitosis in a large sample. This study aimed to examine the objectively measured halitosis levels based on the reasons individuals are concerned about halitosis. We included 2063 patients who visited the halitosis clinic at a university dental hospital. Halitosis was assessed using GC, self-administered questionnaires, and oral examinations. Levels of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs; H2S, CH3SH, and (CH3)2S) were set as objective measures of halitosis. Patients were grouped based on their answers to ‘What made you concerned about bad breath?’ into groups: ‘self-perceived,’ ‘attitudes of others,’ ‘told by others,’ and other reasons. Univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to examine factors associated with VSCs and objective halitosis levels. Age, sex, oral health status, smoking, drinking, and breakfast habits were used as confounders. Patients who answered ‘told by others’ (n = 691, 33.5%) showed the highest VSCs. Individuals whose halitosis was pointed out by others had higher objectively measured halitosis levels, while those concerned about the attitudes of others or perceived their own halitosis had lower objectively measured halitosis levels. These results suggest that the objective level of halitosis can differ on the basis of the reason underlying an individual’s concern about their bad breath. Categorizing halitosis complaints and comparing them with objective halitosis levels may help reduce the anxiety of those who are concerned about halitosis and confirm the need for intervention for those with objective halitosis.
Light-Guided Percutaneous Neck Rejuvenation With Division of Platysma Bands and Suture Suspension: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Gomez Diego A , James Isaac B , Turer David M , Trovato Matthew J , Pozner Jason N , Cook Jonathan , DiBernardo Barry E , Mueller Gregory P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Traditional invasive suture suspension techniques have proven efficacy and durability. A previously described percutaneous placement of a neck suspension suture with light guidance has transformed this into a minimally invasive technique. This novel technique provides a major advance for minimally invasive neck rejuvenation.

Objectives
The authors sought to describe their experience with light-guided percutaneous neck rejuvenation over the past 4.5 years, including technique, patient selection, safety profile, and expected outcomes.

Methods
Data were retrospectively reviewed for all patients who underwent the procedure with 5 surgeons across 4 aesthetic plastic surgery practices from January 2018 through May 2022. Inclusion criteria were mild to moderate neck laxity, prominent anterior platysma bands, and desire to improve neck contour. Patients undergoing concurrent skin incision &gt;5 mm (ie, open rhytidectomy or platysmaplasty) were excluded.

Results
A total of 391 patients meeting criteria were identified during the study period. No hematomas were documented. Four patients (1%) developed infection at the suture site, 1 resolving on antibiotics and 3 requiring suture removal. Eighteen (4.6%) developed recurrent platysmal bands, and 7 (1.8%) had residual loose skin. Four (1%) experienced transient marginal mandibular neuropraxia. Mean length of follow-up time was 240 days.

Conclusions
Light-guided percutaneous suture suspension is a safe and viable option for improving neck contours. Although it does not address extensive skin laxity or excess submental fat, it can be combined with energy-based tissue tightening, submental liposuction, or skin excision. In selected patients, this minimally invasive procedure provides predictable results with a low risk of complications.

Level of Evidence: 3
Managing surgical demand when needs outstrip resource: qualitative investigation of colorectal cancer surgery provision in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Conefrey Carmel , Ochieng Cynthia , Hoffmann Christin , Elliott Daisy , Avery Kerry , Bennett Joanne , Blencowe Natalie , Duff Sarah , Kinross James , McNair Angus , Messenger David , Pullyblank Anne , Singh Baljit , King Anni , Squire Sarah E , Blazeby Jane , Main Barry , Rooshenas Leila 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, elective surgical provision was severely affected by the need for hospital reorganization to care for critically ill patients. In response, National Health Service (NHS) England issued national guidance proposing acceptable time intervals for postponing different types of surgical procedure. This study reports healthcare professionals’ private accounts of the strategies adopted to manage the imbalance of demand and resource, using colorectal cancer surgery as a case study.

Methods
Twenty-seven semistructured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals between June and November 2020. A key informant sampling approach was used, followed by snowballing to achieve maximum regional variation across the UK. Data were analysed thematically using the constant comparison approach.

Results
In the context of considerable resource constraint, surgical teams overcame challenges to continue elective cancer provision. They achieved this by pursuing a combination of strategies: relocating surgical services; prioritizing patients within and across surgical specialties; adapting patient treatment plans; and introducing changes to surgical team working practices. Despite national guidance, prioritization decisions were framed as complex, and the most challenging of the strategies to implement, both practically and emotionally.

Conclusion
There is a need to better support surgeons tasked with prioritizing patients when capacity exceeds demand.
Brain activations time locked to slow wave-coupled sleep spindles correlates with intellectual abilities
Authors: Baena Daniel , Fang Zhuo , Ray Laura B , Owen Adrian M , Fogel Stuart M 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSleep spindles (SP) are one of the few known electrophysiological neuronal biomarkers of interindividual differences in cognitive abilities and aptitudes. Recent simultaneous electroencephalography with functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) studies suggest that the magnitude of the activation of brain regions recruited during spontaneous spindle events is specifically related to Reasoning abilities. However, it is not known if the relationship with cognitive abilities differs between uncoupled spindles, uncoupled slow waves (SW), and coupled SW–SP complexes, nor have the functional-neuroanatomical substrates that support this relationship been identified. Here, we investigated the functional significance of activation of brain areas recruited during SW-coupled spindles, uncoupled spindles, and uncoupled slow waves. We hypothesize that brain activations time locked to SW-coupled spindle complexes will be primarily associated to Reasoning abilities, especially in subcortical areas. Our results provide direct evidence that the relationship between Reasoning abilities and sleep spindles depends on spindle coupling status. Specifically, we found that the putamen and thalamus, recruited during coupled SW–SP events were positively correlated with Reasoning abilities. In addition, we found a negative association between Reasoning abilities and hippocampal activation time-locked to uncoupled SWs that might reflect a refractory mechanism in the absence of new, intensive hippocampal-dependent memory processing.
Audiovisual integration in the human brain: a coordinate-based meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Chuanji , Green Jessica J , Yang Xuan , Oh Sewon , Kim Jongwan , Shinkareva Svetlana V 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPeople can seamlessly integrate a vast array of information from what they see and hear in the noisy and uncertain world. However, the neural underpinnings of audiovisual integration continue to be a topic of debate. Using strict inclusion criteria, we performed an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis on 121 neuroimaging experiments with a total of 2,092 participants. We found that audiovisual integration is linked with the coexistence of multiple integration sites, including early cortical, subcortical, and higher association areas. Although activity was consistently found within the superior temporal cortex, different portions of this cortical region were identified depending on the analytical contrast used, complexity of the stimuli, and modality within which attention was directed. The context-dependent neural activity related to audiovisual integration suggests a flexible rather than fixed neural pathway for audiovisual integration. Together, our findings highlight a flexible multiple pathways model for audiovisual integration, with superior temporal cortex as the central node in these neural assemblies.
Implantation of the coronary sinus reducer for refractory angina due to coronary microvascular dysfunction in the context of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy—a case report
Authors: Cheng Kevin , Keramida Georgia , Baksi A John , de Silva Ranil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Refractory angina leads to a poor quality of life and increased healthcare resource utilization. In this growing population of patients, multiple mechanism(s) of ischaemia may co-exist, including functional disorders of the coronary microcirculation. There are few evidence-based effective therapies resulting in a large unmet clinical need.

Case summary
A 38-year-old woman with refractory angina was referred with daily chest pain despite multiple anti-anginal medications and previous percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Rubidium-82 positron emission tomography (PET) with regadenoson stress confirmed significant myocardial ischaemia in the apex and apical regions (16% of total myocardium) with a global myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) of 1.23. Coronary angiography confirmed patent stents and no epicardial coronary artery disease. Therefore, the mechanism of ischaemia was thought attributable to coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in the context of HCM. In view of her significant symptoms and large burden of left-sided myocardial ischaemia, a Coronary Sinus Reducer (CSR) was implanted. Repeat PET imaging at 6 months showed a marked reduction in ischaemia (&lt;5% burden), improvement in global MPR (1.58), symptoms, and quality of life.

Conclusion
In refractory angina, ischaemia may be due to disorders of both the epicardial and coronary microcirculations. The CSR is a potential therapy for these patients, but its mechanism of action has not been confirmed. This report suggests that CSR implantation may reduce myocardial ischaemia and improve symptoms by acting on the coronary microcirculation. The efficacy of CSR in patients with CMD and its mechanism of action on the coronary microcirculation warrant further investigation.
Electrocardiogram-based deep learning improves outcome prediction following cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Wouters Philippe C , van de Leur Rutger R , Vessies Melle B , van Stipdonk Antonius M W , Ghossein Mohammed A , Hassink Rutger J , Doevendans Pieter A , van der Harst Pim , Maass Alexander H , Prinzen Frits W , Vernooy Kevin , Meine Mathias , van Es René 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aims to identify and visualize electrocardiogram (ECG) features using an explainable deep learning–based algorithm to predict cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) outcome. Its performance is compared with current guideline ECG criteria and QRSAREA.Methods and resultsA deep learning algorithm, trained on 1.1 million ECGs from 251 473 patients, was used to compress the median beat ECG, thereby summarizing most ECG features into only 21 explainable factors (FactorECG). Pre-implantation ECGs of 1306 CRT patients from three academic centres were converted into their respective FactorECG. FactorECG predicted the combined clinical endpoint of death, left ventricular assist device, or heart transplantation [c-statistic 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–0.72], significantly outperforming QRSAREA and guideline ECG criteria [c-statistic 0.61 (95% CI 0.58–0.64) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.54–0.60), P &lt; 0.001 for both]. The addition of 13 clinical variables was of limited added value for the FactorECG model when compared with QRSAREA (Δ c-statistic 0.03 vs. 0.10). FactorECG identified inferolateral T-wave inversion, smaller right precordial S- and T-wave amplitude, ventricular rate, and increased PR interval and P-wave duration to be important predictors for poor outcome. An online visualization tool was created to provide interactive visualizations (https://crt.ecgx.ai).ConclusionRequiring only a standard 12-lead ECG, FactorECG held superior discriminative ability for the prediction of clinical outcome when compared with guideline criteria and QRSAREA, without requiring additional clinical variables. End-to-end automated visualization of ECG features allows for an explainable algorithm, which may facilitate rapid uptake of this personalized decision-making tool in CRT.