bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretive Qualitative Evaluation Informs Research Participation and Advocacy Training Program for Seniors
Authors: Bay Allison A , Hackney Madeleine E , Silverstein Hayley , Hart Ariel R , Lazris David , Tian Tina , Perkins Molly M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This paper reports on an interpretive evaluation conducted to identify successes and weaknesses of an 8-week educational intervention co-taught by medical students and faculty that was designed to foster communication between clinicians and researchers and ultimately increase participation in clinical research by older adults, including underrepresented groups. Weekly topics focused on age-related changes and health conditions, socio-contextual factors impacting aging populations, and wellness strategies. Research Design and Methods: A post-intervention focus group was conducted with a representative group of eight older adults (mean age = 76 ± 11 years) from 51 total participants who completed the educational intervention. Participants were diverse in race, socio-economic status, education level, sex, and marital status. Results: Thematic analyses show several participants were motivated by their personal experiences to join the study and continue coming to the seminars throughout the study. While participants viewed most aspects of the study as a success and stated that it was a productive learning experience, most participants had suggestions for improvements in the program content and implementation. Specifically, the composition of and direction to small breakout groups should be carefully considered and planned in this population, and attention should be paid to delivery of sensitive topics, e.g., death, dementia. A clear main benefit of this programmatic approach is the development of rapport among participants and between participants and clinical researchers. Discussion and Implications: Results provide useful insights regarding improving participation among hard-to-reach and historically under-represented groups of older adults in clinical research. Future iterations of the DREAMS program and similar educational interventions can use these findings to improve the program and better achieve the programmatic objectives.
Predictors of Smoking Preventive Behavior based on Empowerment Components among Male Students of High Schools: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Didarloo Alireza , Sharafkhani Naser , Rezapour Baratali , Moghaddam-Tabrizi Fatemeh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Smoking among adolescents and young adults is believed to be one of the most important preventable health problems. The etiology of smoking is one of the most pivotal activities in designing prevention programs. The aim of this study is to determine the correlates between components of empowerment in the context of smoking prevention in adolescents. Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 422 high school male students in Spring 2020. The data collection tool of this study was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic charectheristics, items related to various components of empowerment, and items related to the smoking preventive behavior(SPB). A linear regression model was used, where the “SPB” outcome variable assumed three possible values: Sensation Seeking, Problem-solving skills, Self-efficacy, Self-esteem, Dependence on group and Attitude towards smoking, while taking those variables reported in previous literature as independent variables.Results: The results revealed that 10.42% of the students were active smokers and 40.75% of them had the experience of smoking. The results also showed a positive and significant relation among problem-solving skill (r=0.394, P<0.001), self-efficacy (r=0.340, P<0.001), self-esteem (r=0.310, P<0.001), and attitude (r=0.333, P<0.001) with the SPB. In addition, a negative and significant correlation was observed between group dependence (r=-0.313, P<0.001) and the SPB. Overall, the components of empowerment were able to explain 26.5% of the variance in SPB. Among the components, problem-solving skills solely explained 15.5% of variance of SPB.Conclusion: The present study suggested that the findings could be useful for researchers and health planners for designing and implementing appropriate health interventions to prevent and control smoking in adolescents.
In situ Raman vibrational spectra of siderite (FeCO3) and rhodochrosite (MnCO3) up to 47 GPa and 1100 K
Authors: Wang Chao , Ren Lu’an , Walters Jesse B. , Zhang Lifei , Tao Renbiao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Siderite (FeCO3) and rhodochrosite (MnCO3) are two interesting carbonate minerals, which normally occur in hydrothermal deposits on deep-sea altered oceanic crust. Despite the ubiquity of carbonates in the slab, little is known of the physicochemical behavior of siderite and rhodochrosite at high-pressure (P) and high-temperature (T) conditions during slab subduction. In this study, we characterized the Raman vibrational spectra of natural siderite and rhodochrosite up to 47 GPa and 1100 K in an externally heated diamond-anvil cell (DAC). Experimental results show that the Raman frequency shifts (νi) for siderite and rhodochrosite are a function of both P and T, and the effect of the P-T cross derivative term cannot be neglected, especially at high-P and high-T conditions. Based on the functional relationship of νi-P-T, the P-T calibrants of siderite and rhodochrosite are developed, respectively. This is significant for studying the water-carbonate interaction at high P-T conditions in a DAC because the undesired change of the experimental system from traditional pressure sensors (e.g., ruby, quartz) in a reaction chamber can be avoided. Like previous studies, we observed a sharp spin transition at ~45 GPa in siderite and a phase transition from MnCO3-I to MnCO3-II at ~46 GPa for rhodochrosite at room temperature. Furthermore, we determined the isobaric and isothermal equivalents of the mode Grüneisen parameter (γiT, γiP) and the anharmonic parameter (ai) for each Raman mode of siderite and rhodochrosite. The δνi/δP, δνi/δT, γiT, γiP, and ai span a much larger value range for the external lattice modes (T, L) than internal modes (ν4, ν1) in both siderite and rhodochrosite. Combining Raman frequency shifts and the first-order Murnaghan equation of state, we also developed a method to calculate the temperature dependence of the bulk modulus (KT) for siderite and rhodochrosite, respectively.
Lifting the cloak of invisibility: Gold in pyrite from the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, South Australia
Authors: Ehrig Kathy , Ciobanu Cristiana L. , Verdugo-Ihl Max R. , Dmitrijeva Marija , Cook Nigel J. , Slattery Ashley 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
“Invisible gold” refers to gold (Au) occurring either within the lattice of a host sulfide or as discrete nanoparticles (NPs, &lt;100 nm diameter) within a host that are only observable when imaged at very high magnifications. Previous research has regarded the physical form of invisible gold to be partially controlled by the concentration of arsenic (As) in the host sulfide, with stability fields for lattice-bound vs. Au-NPs defined by an empirical Au-As solubility curve. We undertook micrometer- and nanoscale analysis of a representative sample of As-Co-Ni-(Au)-bearing pyrite from Cu-mineralized breccias in the deeper part of the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit (South Australia) to define the location and physical form of Au and accompanying elements. Trace element geochemistry and statistical analysis show that &gt;50% of pyrites contain measurable Au and As, and plot below the Au-As solubility curve. Au and As are geochemically associated with Te, Bi, Pb, Ag, and Sn. Primary oscillatory zoning patterns in pyrite defined by As-Co-Ni are reshaped by processes of dissolution-reprecipitation, including new nanoscale growth and rhythmical misorientation structures. Low-angle slip dislocations, twist-wall boundaries and deformation-dipole nanostructures are associated with Te-Bi-Pb-enrichment and host Au-Ag-telluride nanoparticles (NPs). Electrum NPs occur associated with pores coated by Bi-Ag-tellurides or within chalcopyrite particles. Bi-Pb-sulfotellurides, petzite, and sylvanite were identified by atomic-scale scanning transmission electron microscopy. The data support trace element (re)mobilization during pyrite deformation at the brittle to ductile transition (0.5–1 kbar, 300–400 °C) during brecciation. Au-NP formation is decoupled from initial As incorporation in pyrite and instead fingerprints formation of strain-induced, chalcogen-enriched nanoscale structures. Pore-attached NPs suggest scavenging of Au by Bi-bearing melts with higher rates of fluid percolation. Similar scenarios are predictable for pyrite-hosted “invisible Au” in pyrite from other deposits that experienced multiple overprints. Unveiling the cloak of invisibility using contemporary micro- to nano-analytical techniques reveals new layers of complexity with respect to the trace/minor element incorporation in mineral matrices and their subsequent release during overprinting.
Characterizing water quality datasets through multi-dimensional knowledge graphs: a case study of the Bogota river basin
Authors: Rondón Díaz Juan D. , Vilches-Blázquez Luis M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The world is transforming into a predominantly urban space, meaning that cities have to be ready to provide services, for instance, to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. In this scenario, the water quality evaluation has a crucial role and often needs multiple sources segregated. Our purpose is to build bridges between these data silos to provide an integrated and interoperable view, where different datasets can be provided and combined through knowledge graphs in order to characterize water quality. This work shows the quality of the Bogota river basin's water bodies by analyzing physicochemical and biological properties using spatio-temporal and legal elements. So, our knowledge graphs allow us to discover what, when, and where infractions happened on water quality in a river basin of the most populated cities of Latin America during a critical period (2007–2013), highlighting the presence of high values of suspended solids and nitrites, lower amounts of dissolved oxygen, and the worst water quality during the driest periods (appearing until a maximum of 63 infractions in a year).
Efficient job list creation for long-term statistical modelling of combined sewer overflows
Authors: Allen Kiara Marie , Mollerup Ane Loft , Rasmussen Søren Feilberg , Sørup Hjalte Jomo Danielsen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The modelling of urban drainage systems is an important aspect of their design process and long-term statistical modelling using historical rain series is commonly used. The objective of this study is to determine whether logistic regression models that use rainfall event statistics can be a viable alternative to create job lists with fewer extraneous events. Two methods are used to develop a regression model; both use iterative stepwise algorithms to select the rain variables to include and both perform similarly. The resulting model is able to capture ∼90% of the relevant events with ∼50% fewer jobs compared to the reference job list. The results suggest that there is no right threshold to use, but instead this methodology facilitates balancing the number of jobs with the desired level of precision of the results. In all cases, it is possible to greatly decrease the number of jobs that need to be run. The methodology works relatively well on different nodes in the system, though node characteristics appear to impact the amount of CSOs captured.
Study on the cross-flow ultrafiltration of mixtures of macromolecular organic and inorganic salts
Authors: Xu Tingting , Song Jie , Xiu Guangli 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ultrafiltration (UF) has been widely applied to water treatment in the past few decades, but severe membrane fouling is one of the most significant obstacles for its further development. In reality, the constituents of feed water are complex, and the fouling behavior could be different from that induced by a single foulant. In this study, the membrane fouling induced by mixed organic foulant (sodium alginate, SA) and inorganic ions under various conditions were investigated. The effects of ion concentration and valence on the combined fouling as well as the rejection performance were examined. The results showed that compared to SA alone, the presence of inorganic ions could aggravate the organic fouling of UF membranes significantly. The fouling became more severe as the ion concentration increased. Also, ions with higher valence tended to exacerbate the fouling compared with monovalent ions. It was also found that the existence of inorganic ions had negligible effects on the rejection of organic molecules, however, the rejection of salts can be improved because of the organic matter. In addition, the analysis of the classic fouling models showed that the complete blocking model is the main fouling mechanism of the mixed SA and inorganic salts.
Flow field characterization between vertical plate electrodes in a bench-scale cell of electrochemical water softening
Authors: Chen Qi , Lin Wei , Wang Zhonghao , Yu Jiuyang , Li Jimin , Wang Zhangwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To analyze the effect of flow characteristics on electrochemical water softening, characteristics of flow fields in the vicinity of vertical plate electrodes in a bench-scale electrolysis cell for electrochemical water softening were visualized using particle image velocimetry technology, and the hardness drop values under different process conditions were measured. Properly increasing the current density or reducing the electrode spacing can increase the average flow velocity in the electrode gap. Excessive current density will cause bubble accumulation, form a bubble vortex, interfere with the orderly flow of surrounding liquid and reduce mass transfer efficiency. When the electrode spacing is 120 mm, the highest water softening efficiency measured at the current density of 60 A/m2 is 16.56%. When the current density is 50 A/m2, the highest average speed measured at the electrode spacing of 60 mm is 0.00169 m/s, but the highest water softening efficiency measured at the electrode spacing of 90 mm is 23.3%.The circulation efficiency in the electrode gap of a semi-closed structure is lower than that of a free convection structure. The behavior of bubbles is the key to flow and mass transfer. It is important to consider its influence on bubble behavior when optimizing electrochemical parameters.
Current Perspective in Cancer Theranostics Based on Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Chatterjee Sobhan , Liang Feng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The growth of nanotechnology has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of diseases with high precision
and effectiveness. Nanoparticles (NPs) represent a major point of attention in the scientific field, with an increasing
number of studies revealing promising results. The unique physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and highly
developed chemical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have promoted breakthroughs in the cancer community,
focusing on the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of cancer diagnosis and treatment. This perspective aims to
summarize the latest research on multifunctional AuNPs as therapeutic, diagnostic agents in cancer diagnosis and
treatment. Several nanostructured hybrid AuNPs have been reviewed, and their applications in imaging, targeting,
therapy, and delivery have been discussed.
Practical Application of Rodent Transporter Knockout Models to Assess
Brain Penetration in Drug Discovery
Authors: Eneberg Elin , Jones Christopher R. , Jensen Thomas , Langthaler Kristine , Bundgaard Christoffer 
Published: February 2022

Background & Objective:
Compound X is a drug candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative
diseases. Its brain distribution was evaluated as part of the lead identification and
optimization activities undertaken in early drug discovery.

Methods:
The brain distribution of compound X was studied in genetic transporter knockout rodent
models, in vivo models with a chemical inhibitor, and in vitro transporter cell systems.

Results:
Compound X was found to be a substrate for human Breast Cancer-Resistance Protein
(BCRP) in vitro (efflux ratio 8.1) and rodent Bcrp in vivo (Kp, uuKO/Kp, uuWT = 0.15/0.057 =
2.7, p< 0.05) but not a substrate for human P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in vitro (efflux ratio 1.0) nor
rodent P-gp in vivo (Kp, uuKO/Kp, uuWT = 0.056/ 0.051 = 1.1, p> 0.05). When both transporters
were knocked out in vivo, Kp, uu increased to 0.51±0.02. A similar pattern observed across compounds
with related chemistry corroborating the structure-activity relationship.

Conclusion:
While in vitro assays showed compound X to be a substrate for human BCRP and not
P-gp, in vivo studies indicated a synergistic effect between rodent efflux transporters. However,
this only accounted for ~50% of restricted BBB-transport, suggesting involvement of other efflux
transporters. Considering Kp, uu as a key criterion for assessing the technical quality of CNS candidates
before progression into clinical development, it is important to identify relevant screening
assays for a better understanding of low Kp, uu and brain distribution in pre-clinical models for
translation to humans.
Long-term Changes in the Premature Death Rate in Lung Cancer in a Developed Region of China: Population-based Study
Authors: Ye Wenjing , Lu Weiwei , Li Xiaopan , Chen Yichen , Wang Lin , Zeng Guangwang , Xu Cheng , Ji Chen , Cai Yuyang , Yang Ling , Luo Zheng 
Published: February 2022

Background
Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and its incidence shows an upward trend. A study of the long-term changes in the premature death rate in lung cancer in a developed region of China has great exploratory significance to further clarify the effectiveness of intervention measures.

Objective
This study examined long-term changes in premature lung cancer death rates in order to understand the changes in mortality and to design future prevention plans in Pudong New Area (PNA), Shanghai, China.

Methods
Cancer death data were collected from the Mortality Registration System of PNA. We analyzed the crude mortality rate (CMR), age-standardized mortality rate by Segi’s world standard population (ASMRW), and years of life lost (YLL) of patients with lung cancer from 1973 to 2019. Temporal trends in the CMR, ASMRW, and YLL rate were calculated by joinpoint regression expressed as an average annual percentage change (AAPC) with the corresponding 95% CI.

Results
All registered permanent residents in PNA (80,543,137 person-years) from 1973 to 2019 were enrolled in this study. There were 42,229 deaths from lung cancer. The CMR and ASMRW were 52.43/105 and 27.79/105 person-years, respectively. The YLL due to premature death from lung cancer was 481779.14 years, and the YLL rate was 598.16/105 person-years. The CMR and YLL rate showed significantly increasing trends in men, women, and the total population (P<.001). The CMR of the total population increased by 2.86% (95% CI 2.66-3.07, P<.001) per year during the study period. The YLL rate increased with an AAPC of 2.21% (95% CI 1.92-2.51, P<.001) per year. The contribution rates of increased CMR values caused by demographic factors were more evident than those caused by nondemographic factors.

Conclusions
Lung cancer deaths showed an increasing trend in PNA from 1973 to 2019. Demographic factors, such as the aging population, contributed more to an increased CMR. Our research can help us understand the changes in lung cancer mortality and can be used for similar cities in designing future prevention plans.
Molecular docking study of Indonesian phytochemicals as inhibitor of 6-HB formation by binding to HR1 subunit of SARSCOV-2 S2 protein
Authors: Julianus Jeffry , Phebe Hendra  , Maywan Hariono  , Nico Frederick  , Satrio Ardyantoro  , Mustofa  , Jumina  
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still as global pandemic. No officially drugs to treat COVID-19 are available until now. Increasing number of patients and deaths trigger new antiCOVID-19 discovery efforts. In this study, we have conducted in silico screening employing molecular docking for Indonesian phytochemicals. Docking process was performed by employing AutoDock4 software on crystal structure 6VSB. Based on molecular docking results, several compounds had potential as antiCOVID-19 drugs, such as β-carotene, veramiline, ecliptalbine, betulinic acid, and lupeol. β-carotene was the most potential compound to treat COVID-19.
Glycemic Control and Clinical Outcomes in U.S. Patients With COVID-19: Data From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Database
Authors: Wong Rachel , Hall Margaret , Vaddavalli Rohith , Anand Adit , Arora Neha , Bramante Carolyn T. , Garcia Victor , Johnson Steven , Saltz Mary , Tronieri Jena S. , Yoo Yun Jae , Buse John B. , Saltz Joel , Miller Joshua , Moffitt Richard ,   on behalf of the N3C Consortium, Bennett Tellen , Casiraghi Elena , Chute Christopher , DeWitt Peter , Evans Michael , Gersing Kenneth , Girvin Andrew , Haendel Melissa , Harper Jeremy , Hajagos Janos , Hong Stephanie , Huling Jared , Pfaff Emily , Reusch Jane , Sturmer Til , Wilkins Kenneth , Wooldridge Jacob 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the relationship between HbA1c and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with acute COVID-19 infection.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study using observational data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), a longitudinal, multicenter U.S. cohort of patients with COVID-19 infection. Patients were ≥18 years old with T2D and confirmed COVID-19 infection by laboratory testing or diagnosis code. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality following the date of COVID-19 diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included need for invasive ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), hospitalization within 7 days before or 30 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, and length of stay (LOS) for patients who were hospitalized.

RESULTS
The study included 39,616 patients (50.9% female, 55.4% White, 26.4% Black or African American, and 16.1% Hispanic or Latino, with mean ± SD age 62.1 ± 13.9 years and mean ± SD HbA1c 7.6% ± 2.0). There was an increasing risk of hospitalization with incrementally higher HbA1c levels, but risk of death plateaued at HbA1c &gt;8%, and risk of invasive ventilation or ECMO plateaued &gt;9%. There was no significant difference in LOS across HbA1c levels.

CONCLUSIONS
In a large, multicenter cohort of patients in the U.S. with T2D and COVID-19 infection, risk of hospitalization increased with incrementally higher HbA1c levels. Risk of death and invasive ventilation also increased but plateaued at different levels of glycemic control.