bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gingival inflammation and hematological parameters in children with visceral leishmaniasis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Villibor Fernanda Fresneda , da Silva Lucas Antonio Pires , Ribeiro Ana Lúcia Roselino , Guaré Renata Oliveira 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsThis cross‐sectional study aimed to assess gingival inflammation in 67 children aged 1−8 years (mean age 3.07) with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) at the time of hospitalization (D1) and 7 days after the first interview (D7) and compare the main hematological changes between the two time points.Methods and ResultsThe biofilm index was verified at D1 and D7 using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI‐S) and the gingival inflammation index based on the gingival index (GI), along with hematological parameters. The mean OHI‐S was 2.35 ± 0.93 at D1 and 1.47 ± 0.75 at D7. The mean GI was 0.56 ± 0.59 at D1 and 0.11 ± 0.32 at D7. The variable OHI‐S at D1 could predict GI at D1, as an increase in the OHI‐S value by one unit was associated with an increase in the GI D1 value by 0.36 units (p < .05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that none of the hematological variables were predictive of gingival inflammation at D1 and D7.ConclusionChildren with VL had poor oral hygiene on the first day of hospitalization. Clinically, the oral hygiene status progressed from poor at D1 to regular at D7. After 7 days the gingival bleeding scores also reduces.
Antifungal prophylaxis in adult lung transplant recipients: Uncertainty despite 30 years of experience. A systematic review of the literature and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Marinelli Tina , Davoudi Setareh , Foroutan Farid , Orchanian‐Cheff Ani , Husain Shahid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundInvasive fungal infections (IFI), particularly invasive aspergillosis (IA), cause significant morbidity and mortality in lung transplant (LTx) recipients. The optimum strategy and antifungal agents for prevention are unclear.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive literature search, systematic review, and network meta‐analysis using a frequentist framework to compare the efficacy of various antifungal drugs on the incidence of IA/IFI in the setting of universal prophylaxis or no prophylaxis following lung transplantation.ResultsWe included 13 eligible studies comprising of 1515 LTx recipients and 12 different prophylaxis strategies/antifungal combinations. The greatest number of direct comparisons were between the inhaled amphotericin formulations. The top three ranked treatments were inhaled liposomal amphotericin B (L‐AmB), inhaled amphotericin deoxycholate (AmBd), and itraconazole plus inhaled amphotericin B (AmB). Among the azoles, isavuconazole ranked highest. The certainty of the evidence, assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) framework, was very low.ConclusionAlthough universal antifungal prophylaxis post lung transplantation is commonly used, robust data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to inform the choice of antifungal agent and prophylaxis strategy are lacking. This exploratory network meta‐analysis provides insight into the probable relative effectiveness of various antifungal agents in preventing IA, and this analysis should serve as a guide when selecting antifungals to be assessed in a RCT.
image
Quantifying Joint Congruence With an Elastic Foundation
Authors: Burson-Thomas Charles B. , Dickinson Alexander S. , Browne Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The level of congruence between the articulating surfaces of a diarthrodial joint can vary substantially between individuals. Quantifying joint congruence using the most widespread metric, the “congruence index,” is not straightforward: the areas of the segmented bone that constitute the articular surfaces require accurate identification, their shape must be carefully described with appropriate functions, and the relative orientation of the surfaces measured precisely. In this work, we propose a new method of measuring joint congruence, which does not require these steps. First, a finite element (FE) simulation of an elastic layer compressed between each set of segmented bones is performed. These are then interpreted using the elastic foundation model, enabling an equivalent, but simpler, contact geometry to be identified. From this, the equivalent radius (quantification of joint congruence) is found. This defines the radius of a sphere contacting plane (or “ball on flat”) that produces an equivalent contact to that in each joint. The minimal joint space width (in this joint position) can also be estimated from the FE simulations. The new method has been applied to ten healthy instances of the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. The ten thumb MCPs had similar levels and variability of congruence as the other diarthrodial joints that have been characterized previously. This new methodology enables efficient quantification of joint congruence and minimal joint space width directly from CT- or MRI-derived bone geometry in any relative orientation. It lends itself to large data sets and coupling with kinematic models.
Generalized Nusselt Number Correlation for Binary Hybrid Nano-Oils as Heat Transfer Fluid in Solar Thermal Systems
Authors: Upadhyay Satish , Savant Pankaj Rajendra , Chandra Laltu , Sarkar Jahar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The turbulent flow of binary hybrid nano-oils is investigated and Nusselt number correlation is developed for futuristic concentrated solar thermal application. Available Nusselt number correlations for water-based hybrid nanofluids are nanoparticle-specific property correlations dependent and substantially over-predict the values for hybrid nano-oils. Therefore, a generalized Nusselt number correlation for turbulent flow of water and oil-based binary hybrid nanofluids is deduced using the separation approach. Dissimilar to the available correlations, the developed correlation needs only the thermophysical properties of base fluid and nanoparticles. It is valid for the Reynolds number range 10,000–30,000 and the Prandtl number range 0.5–2000. It is found that the proposed correlation predicts the published experimental values for different hybrid nanofluids mostly within ±10–20%. Computational fluid dynamics simulation is also performed for turbulent flow of different hybrid nano-oils to assess the developed correlation. The comparative assessment also confirms that the developed correlation predicts the numerical values for hybrid nano-oils within ±10–20%. The deduced Nusselt number correlation will be useful for a realistic heat transfer analysis with different water or oil-based hybrid nanofluids. The need for experiments with different hybrid nano-oils is realized for further improvement.
Uncertainty Propagation and Assessment of Five-Axis On-Machine Measurement Error
Authors: Zhuang Qixin , Wan Neng , Guo Yanheng , Chang Zhiyong , Wang Zhan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As an important technology of adaptive machining, on-machine measurement (OMM) is always used to measure the shape of the to-be-cut surface. Due to the multi-source errors in an OMM system, the confidence of the measurement accuracy becomes particularly important before planning the next cutting procedure. OMM is implemented by multi-components involving machine tools, fixture, and on-machine probe. Each component introduces uncertainty of error into the measurement result. The positioning error, alignment error, and eccentricity error are investigated in terms of the expectation, uncertainty, and probability density function. By the kinematics of the components participated in the measurement, these errors are accumulated to affect the measurement results. Thus, the uncertainty of the final measurement result is determined by the accumulation of uncertainty of error sources. In order to evaluate the uncertainty of measurement error, an uncertainty propagation model involving positioning error of five-axis machine tools, alignment error of workpiece, and eccentricity error of the stylus tip is established in terms of the kinematic chain of OMM. Then, the uncertainty of the measurement result in vector form is obtained. Finally, the simulation and the experiment about the impeller are employed to validate the effectiveness and repeatability of the uncertainty propagation model for five-axis OMM.
Mercury and Motion: The Influence of Seasonality on Off-School Hours High School Facility Use
Authors: Mulhearn Shannon C. , Yu Hyeonho , van der Mars Hans , Griffo Janelle M. , Kulinna Pamela H. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Grounded in the behavioral ecological model, and to address a lack of park space, this study looked at community members’ use of public high school physical activity (PA) facilities during nonschool hours while considering the effects of seasonality. Method: Data included 3,959 observation sweeps across 19 public high school campuses over 1 year (all seasons) in Arizona. Results: Differences in contextual supports were evident between seasons, with facilities being more accessible, usable, and lighted in spring than summer or fall. Accessible facilities were most often outside (68.6% of the time). The highest frequency of sedentary behavior was in summer. Conclusion: The present study expands our understanding about the influence of seasonality as related to community access to PA facilities. During times of extreme temperatures, it may be beneficial to find ways to make indoor PA facilities more accessible to support increased PA levels of community members.
Systematic review of dog bite prevention strategies
Authors: Duncan-Sutherland Natasha , Lissaman Abbey C , Shepherd Michael , Kool Bridget 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe prevention of dog bites is an increasingly important public health topic, as the incidence of serious injury continues to rise.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent dog bites and aggression.MethodsOnline databases were searched (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Google Scholar), using the search terms:dog/s, canine, canis, kuri, bite/s, bitten, aggression, attack, death, fatal, mortality, injury/ies, prevention, intervention, for studies between 1960 and 2021. All study designs were considered. Outcomes of interest were the incidence of dog bites or dog aggression. Non-English studies, and those without full-text access were excluded.ResultsForty-three studies met the review criteria, including 15 observational and 27 interventional studies. Fifteen studies investigating dog-control legislation, including leash laws, stray dog control and infringements indicated this can reduce dog bite rates. Breed-specific legislation had less of an effect. Six studies investigating sterilisation, showed while this may reduce dog bites through a reduction in the dog population, the effect on dog aggression was unclear. An alcohol reduction programme showed a significant reduction in dog bite rates in one study. Seven studies assessing educational approaches found that intensive adult-directed education may be effective, with one study showing child-directed education was not effective. Eight studies on dog training (two police-dog related), and six evaluating dog medication or diet were generally low quality and inconclusive.ConclusionsMultiple strategies including effective engagement with indigenous communities and organisations will be required to reduce dog-bites and other incidents involving dog aggression. This review provides some evidence that legislated dog control strategies reduce dog bite rates. Available evidence suggests greater restrictions should be made for all dogs, rather than based on breed alone. Due to a burden of child injury, protection of children should be a focus of legislation and further investigations. Prevention strategies in children require redirection away from a focus on child-directed education and future research should investigate the effectiveness of engineering barriers and reporting strategies.
ULTRASOUND-GUIDED PLATELET-RICH PLASMA INJECTION THERAPY IN PARTIAL THICKNESS ROTATOR CUFF TEARS: LONG-TERM RESULTS
Authors: Agarwal Shubham , Jain Hemant , Raichandani Kishore , Ujjwal H. S. , Singh Amit 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Rotator cuff tendinopathy/partial tear is the most common cause of shoulder pain encountered in clinical practice. The treatment varies from conservative to surgical options. Recently there has been extensive use of blood-derived products for the healing of tendon injuries. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is hypothesized to augment tendon healing due to various growth factors including PDGF, VEGF and TGF-b. While the theoretical explanations look promising, the clinical efficacy of PRP is conflicting, thus establishing a clear need for extensive studies. Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of the use of PRP in patients having partial rotator cuff tears. Material and Methods: Fifty patients of the age group 25–50 years who had partial cuff tears ([Formula: see text] involvement) identified on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and had continuous pain for a minimum three months were studied. They were treated with PRP therapy and the results of their function were evaluated over time. Results: Shoulder function assessment was done was UCLA and Quick DASH score. Each of these scores showed a statistically significant improvement at 6 and 12 months. The Mean UCLA score pre-procedure was [Formula: see text] and at final follow-up was [Formula: see text]. There was reduction in the average Quick DASH score from [Formula: see text] pre-therapy to [Formula: see text] at 12 months follow-up. Conclusion: After the final follow-up, most of the patients were able to resume their daily activities. The world of PRP therapy looks promising and is needed to be explored further in orthopedics as a lot of controversy over its benefits exists in the literature.
A retrospective study of physiotherapy management for patients with pneumonia requiring invasive ventilation in a single-center Australian ICU
Authors: Kwan Baldwin Pok Man , Hill Anne-Marie , Elliott Mercedes , van der Lee Lisa 
Published: April 2022

Background: Pneumonia is a frequent diagnosis for patients admitted to Australian intensive care units (ICUs) for invasive ventilation. Physiotherapists in ICU provide interventions to enhance respiratory function and physical recovery. Objective: This retrospective cohort study aimed to describe physiotherapy management of adults with pneumonia who require invasive mechanical ventilation in a single Level 3 ICU in a quaternary teaching hospital. Methods: All adults admitted with a medical diagnosis of pneumonia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation over a two-year period were included. Demographic and clinical data, including APACHE II score, ventilator-free days (VFDs) to day 28, ICU length of stay (LOS), and type and frequency of physiotherapy episodes of care delivered in ICU, were collected from electronic medical records. Correlations between VFDs to day 28 and the frequency of physiotherapy interventions delivered per subject were examined using Spearman’s rho analysis. Results: From 208 records screened, 66 subjects with an ICU admission diagnosis of pneumonia, who required invasive mechanical ventilation, were included. Median (IQR) ICU LOS was 10 (5–17) days, and mortality rate was 15.2% ([Formula: see text]). The cohort had a median of 20.5 (IQR 2–25) VFDs to day 28. Community-acquired pneumonia (66.7%, [Formula: see text]) was the most frequent type of pneumonia diagnosis. There were 1110 episodes of physiotherapy care, with patients receiving a median of 13.5 (IQR 6.8–21.3) episodes during their ICU stay, with a median rate of 1.2 (IQR 1.0–1.6) episodes per day. Over 96.7% of patients with pneumonia received physiotherapy treatment during their ICU stay. Overall, physiotherapy treatments consisting only of respiratory techniques were most commonly provided (55.1%, [Formula: see text]). Airway suctioning (92.4%, [Formula: see text]), patient positioning (72.7%, [Formula: see text]) or positioning advice to nurses (77.3%, [Formula: see text]), and hyperinflation techniques (63.6%, [Formula: see text]) were among the respiratory techniques most delivered. Conclusion: This study described the current intensive care physiotherapy management in a single center for adults with pneumonia who required invasive mechanical ventilation, demonstrating that respiratory physiotherapy interventions are often provided for this ICU patient cohort. Further research is warranted to determine the efficacy of respiratory physiotherapy interventions to justify their use for ICU patients with pneumonia receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.
Searching for Synergy: Chemotherapy and Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Tseng Diane , Gainor Justin F. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryContinuation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy did not improve clinical outcomes for patients with non–small cell lung cancer who progressed on prior PD-1/programmed death ligand 1 inhibitor monotherapy. This highlights the need to evaluate the precise mechanisms of resistance to PD-1 axis inhibitors and explore alternative therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance.See related article by Jung et al., p. 2321
Caspase-8 Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension by Activating Macrophage-Associated Inflammation and IL-1β (Interleukin 1β) Production
Authors: Rong Wuwei , Liu Chenchen , Li Xiaoming , Wan Naifu , Wei Lijiang , Zhu Wentong , Bai Peiyuan , Li Ming , Ou Yangjing , Li Fang , Wang Lingxia , Wu Xuanhui , Liu Jianling , Xing Mingyan , Zhao Xiaoming , Liu Han , Zhang Haibing , Lyu Ankang 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Caspase-8, an apical component of cell death pathways, is significantly upregulated in macrophages of PAH animal models. However, its role in PAH remains unclear. Caspase-8 plays a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses via inflammasome activation, cell death, and cytokine induction. This study investigated the mechanism of regulation of IL-1β (interleukin 1β) activation in macrophages by caspase-8.

Methods:
A hypoxia + SU5416-induced PAH mouse model and monocrotaline-induced rat model of PAH were constructed and the role of caspase-8 was analyzed.

Results:
Caspase-8 and cleaved-caspase-8 were significantly upregulated in the lung tissues of SU5416 and hypoxia-treated PAH mice and monocrotaline-treated rats. Pharmacological inhibition of caspase-8 alleviated PAH compared with wild-type mice, observed as a significant reduction in right ventricular systolic pressure, ratio of right ventricular wall to left ventricular wall plus ventricular septum, pulmonary vascular media thickness, and pulmonary vascular muscularization; caspase-8 ablated mice also showed significant remission. Mechanistically, increased proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cellss is closely associated with activation of the NLRP3 (NOD [nucleotide oligomerization domain]-, LRR [leucine-rich repeat]-, and PYD [pyrin domain]-containing protein 3) inflammasome and the IL-1β signaling pathway. Although caspase-8 did not affect extracellular matrix synthesis, it promoted inflammatory cell infiltration and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation via NLRP3/IL-1β activation during the development stage of PAH.

Conclusions:
Taken together, our study suggests that macrophage-derived IL-1β via caspase-8-dependent canonical inflammasome is required for macrophages to play a pathogenic role in pulmonary perivascular inflammation.
Abstract EP47: Ten Thousand Steps For Health: A Regional Project For The Promotion Of Physical Activity
Authors: Canevari Mattia , Degano Cristina , Graniero Francesco , Mos Lucio 
Published: April 2022

A sedentary lifestyle is globally recognised as one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and today’s society, along with its behaviour, tends to favour it. To spread awareness about this, the World Health Organization has set the minimum level of physical activity an individual should undertake in order to significantly reduce the risk of developing such diseases. Considering walking for its ease and reproducibility, the exercise threshold is represented by the number of steps a person should take on average in a day and is identified to be ten thousand steps. The aim of our project is to tackle sedentary behaviour by encouraging physical activity and promoting a correct lifestyle for the citizens of Friuli Venezia-Giulia.
The lack of the public spaces in which to practice physical activity safely is one of the main factors that discourages people from exercising. As such, with the promotion and implementation by Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia and Federsanità ANCI FVG alongside with the collaboration of Direzione Centrale Salute and PromoTurismo FVG, several walking routes within the regional territory have been redeveloped and improved by the addition of plentiful signage. In order to better reach out to the various communities about this project, an advertising campaign about the routes themselves and the importance of the exercise was started on a variety of websites as well as the most popular social media platforms. Furthermore, walking groups from different municipalities interested in the project have been directly involved and training courses have been set up in conjunction with volunteer doctors and professionals with a degree in Physical Education to inform people about specific muscle exercises that will target the general well-being. As a result of our project, fifty-nine routes have been created in all Friuli Venezia-Giulia, all of which contain historical, social and cultural value, and will give people the opportunity to exercise in an easy and safe way that will ultimately reduce their risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, a statistical analysis conducted by the Department of Economic and Statistical Sciences of University of Udine on media coverage and use of the routes, showed that the project has reached a great percentage of the population and is used by many people.
Positive results have so far been produced in Friuli Venezia-Giulia and such a project has not only attracted the attention of other Italian Regions, but has also interested other European Countries. Our next goal is to readapt “Ten thousand steps for Health” so it can be applied in other environments.