bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fortune of imperial history
Authors: Huijbers Anne 
Published: May 2022

According to traditional handbooks, all forms of imperial historiography were in decline in late-medieval Italy. As a consequence, imperial histories by Italian authors in this period have often been overlooked. Both in the vernacular and in Latin, Italians produced texts that presented the Holy Roman Emperors in one continuous line with their ancient predecessors. This contribution focuses on two Latin examples by fourteenth-century authors known as proto-humanists: Giovanni Mansionario’s Ystorie imperiales and Benvenuto da Imola’s Libellus augustalis. It shows, first, how these authors professionalised the genre of imperial history by building on ancient sources, and, second, how their histories legitimized the imperial ambitions of the Holy Roman Emperors in the Italian peninsula. Whereas Mansionario’s monumental work survives in three manuscripts only, Benvenuto’s short handbook of imperial lives had a considerable success in the fifteenth century and beyond: It survives in more than 100 manuscripts, several early editions, and was regularly attributed to Francesco Petrarch.
Totus ero talis… tibi qualis eris
Authors: Modonutti Rino 
Published: May 2022

Il saggio analizza il rapporto di Albertino Mussato (1261-1329) con l’imperatore Enrico VII e con sua moglie, Margherita di Brabante, attraverso la lettura delle opere letterarie del Mussato in prosa e in versi (De gestis Henrici VII Cesaris; De gestis Italicorum post Henricum VII Cesarem; Epistole; Carmina). A partire dal suo viaggio a Roma e anche dopo la sua morte, l’imperatore giocò un ruolo fondamentale come motore della scrittura letteraria di Albertino e per la sua auto-percezione sia come storico che come poeta.
Ludwig IV of Bavaria through humanist eyes, c. 1314-c. 1453
Authors: Lee Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Ludwig IV of Bavaria (r. 1314-1347) left a deep and abiding impression on the Italian humanists. From shortly after his election as king of the Romans, until more than a century after his death, he haunted their writings, both in poetry and prose. Yet this rich vein of evidence has nevertheless been poorly served by scholarship. With a few notable exceptions, little attention has been paid to humanistic perceptions of his reign; and no effort at all has been made to assess their development over time. This paper aims to rectify this omission. Retracing the course of humanistic attitudes from c. 1314 to the completion of Flavio Biondo’s Historiarum ab inclinatione Romanorum imperii decades in 1453, it will argue that Ludwig’s image underwent considerable – even dramatic – change. Far from being uniformly negative, views of his reign evolved in step with the humanists’ shifting political circumstances, and, more importantly, with their conception of the Holy Roman Empire. In reconstructing this transformation, this paper will hence illustrate not only the range of readings which “the Bavarian” could support, but also the extent to which this most controversial of emperors can serve as a valuable barometer of the humanists’ imperial attitudes.
Board Members' Performance Achievements In Development In Barat Aceh District
Authors: Manan Afni Abdul 
Published: May 2022

Regional autonomos originated from the demands of Indonesian society since the reform era in 1998. This is one of the community's requirements to carry out development. In accordance with the rules of the autonomous legislation law number 32 of 2004 about local goverment and number 33 of 2004. Governments in the regions that are allowed to manage their regions are the council. In order to fulfill the need of community’s development, the council has a big role that need to be implemented. The development of community in Aceh Barat is still below standard, especially in the field of human capital. This is because Aceh Barat experienced a tsunami in 2004 and causing a lot of damage in infrastructure chain. The role of the council is needed to take care of its territory in supervision and finance. Both of the roles need to be assessed by the headman to get an optimal impact. This study used qualitative methods and descriptive analysis. The data is obtained through interviews and observations. A total of nine respondents were selected to provide information in this study. The three area in this study were Arongan Lambalek, Tanjong, and West Woyla. The study showed that the role of the council is indispensable for development. The intended role is the role of financial transactions and supervision that influence development in various aspects. Therefore, two-way communication between the council and the community is needed. Another alternative of the headman is required to achieve the community's development goals. The result of the study also showed a good relationship between the council and the headman in the process of development implementation. This showed that the council worked optimally to develop its territory as community desires. The assistance provided by the council is not the same because each regions is different from the others. The factors that affected the role of the council are the factors of experience and knowledge. The result of this study formulated the majority of the council have played its role namely the role of finance and supervision. And so on, the majority of the headman provide a good perspective to the role of the council in the development of community in Aceh Barat.
Risk Control Of Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) Production On Surjan Land
Authors: Aliudin Aliudin , Wibowo Aris Supriyo , Sariyoga Setiawan , Setiawan Mohamad Arief 
Published: May 2022

Onion is one of the commodities of annual vegetable crops that have high economic value, a type of short-lived plant, can be propagated vegetatively or generatively, can be developed in low to highland areas and can be cultivated throughout the year. High demand for onions was not followed by supply of onion in the market. This is caused by high risks in the cultivation of Onions. As the theory of supply, the level of supply of a commodity will be affected by the amount of commodities produced. The research aims to analyze the risk factors for onion production and onion supply behavior. The method of this research was survey methode. The location of this research was at Tonjong, Kramatwatu subdistrict. The population of onions farmers was 117 farmers and the amount of the sample used in this research is 54 farmers. Sort of datas that used in this research were primary data and secondary data. The analysis data that used are risk analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the level of risk of onion in Tonjong Village was 1621.91 or 32 percent of the productivity value obtained by farmers. The source of the risks on Onion farming in Tonjong Village are climate and weather, pests and plant diseases, land fertility, and the effectiveness of using inputs. There are two factors that significantly influence the behavior of onion offering in Tonjong Village, the cost variable of fungicide and the variable cost of insecticide.
Computational investigation of free convection flow inside inclined square cavities
Authors: Mariya Helen  , V Prabhakar 
Published: May 2022

The temperature and fluid profiles of flow inside tilted square cavities are analysed with two different cases of thermal boundary conditions, (1) Isothermally cold sidewalls of the cavity and the hot bottom wall kept parallel to the insulated top wall, (2) Hot left wall, cold right wall, insulated top and bottom walls. The Galerkin finite element method with penalty parameter is used to solve the nonlinear coupled system of partial differential equations governing the flow and thermal fields. The method is further used to solve the Poisson equation for stream function. The results are presented in terms of isotherms and streamlines. The Gaussian rule with the hybrid function formed from the block-pulse function and Lagrange polynomial is implemented for the evaluation of the definite integrals present in the residual equations. Attempting to affix the hybrid methods in the integration part for solving Finite Element Method (FEM) turned efficacious as the convergence is achieved for streamlines and isotherms with the existing results. The tilted square cavities with inclination angles Deg 0 to Deg 90 and Rayleigh number ranging between 10^3 and 10^5 for Pr=0.71 (air) are investigated. The source code for the finite element analysis is written in Mathematica. The results thus obtained are found to be competent with those of COMSOL, the Software for Multiphysics Simulation.
The Stigmatisation of Family in the Biography of the Soviet Leader (on the Example of Army General A. V. Khrulev)
Authors: Popravko Elena A. 
Published: May 2022

Creation of Soviet leader official biography assumed using of class patterns. This formed an exclusion zone connected with stigmatization of a family. The soviet leader – “faithful son of the party” – was a man out of nowhere, a production of social industry. However, social experience linked with the family could determine the character’s attitude to major landmarks of the epoch. But some information about the true origin didn’t disappear. It was accumulated to be used as a tool of social control within the framework of repressive policies. The stigmatization of a family as an important part of social rise during the soviet period is studied basing on the biography materials of Army General A. V. Khrulev. The official biography contained mix of real and fictional information, which were constructed following ideological patterns. The true status of Khrulev’s family was reconstructed on the basis of non-published archival materials. The status of Khrulev’s family caused problems for its members who occupied high positions in soviet hierarchy: they were accused of using hired labor (being kulaks) in 1930; of using position by some family members (Mikhail was a deputy chairman of the Murmansk Executive Committee, Andrei – a high ranking military commander). In 1938 Mikhail Khrulev was convicted under article 58 of Criminal Code of RSFSR, and that transformed the status of all relatives: they became “family members of traitor to Homeland”. In this research, the influence of these facts is studied, forming the attitude of Army General A. V. Khrulev to repressive policy of the Soviet state at 1930s – early 1950s, and, namely, to those persons who were responsible for carrying out repressive policy in practice.
Imperial Power and The Policy of Transformation of the Outlying Lands
Authors: Zubkov Konstantin I. , Poberezhnikov Igor V. , Shumkin Georgy N. 
Published: May 2022

The article examines the structure and content of the monograph “Center and Regions: Economic Policy of the Government on the Outlying Lands of the Russian Empire (1894–1917)” which was prepared by a team of St. Petersburg and Moscow historians under the editorship of M.V. Khodyakov; it analyzes the characteristic features of the authors’ approaches and the significance of this work for current practices of studying the Russian Empire’s outlying areas. This monograph is a non-ordinary historiographical phenomenon in terms of its goals (to give an integral, comprehensive view of the economic policy of the center in relation to the “outlying regions”), the number of tasks implemented and the total extend of the work done. The monograph includes 31 paragraphs, each devoted to poorly studied or entirely unexplored problems. However, due to the unsatisfactory elaboration of fundamental theoretical and conceptual issues, as well as the scale of the project, and the limited time span set for its implementation, the reviewed work contains a number of shortcomings: a weak introduction (especially a historiographical survey), superficial conclusions (or their absence in paragraphs), the inconsistency of the subject of some paragraphs with the matter of economic policy. But despite of all the shortcomings, this work represents a significant contribution to the study of the frontier spaces of Russia as regards both the concrete historical material introduced into scientific circulation, and the non-trivial attempt itself to create a generalizing picture of imperial economic policy on the outlying areas of Russia in the late 19th – early 20th centuries.
Exclusion in the City Space: the Italian Experience
Authors: Zakuraeva Elizaveta D. 
Published: May 2022

This article draws attention to the problems of exclusion and building frontiers in urban space. At the same time, the focus of the study is concentrated on the systematic nature of the formation of cultural exclusion zones at different time intervals in the history and culture of the Apennine Peninsula, that is, on the territory of the modern Italy. The reflection of exclusion in the city, which occurs throughout the urban history of Italy, is reflected and fixed in the history of Italian culture and art and in the phenomena of building physical and symbolic boundaries, marginalization and appropriation of space associated with this phenomenon.
This work is intended to prove the need to transform the erroneous position that exclusion is characteristic only of a modern city, a megapolis as a product of globalization, while the exclusion of an individual in an urban environment and the development of urban civilization are two interrelated and simultaneous processes that are developing over the centuries.
Taking into account the affects and experience of fixing exclusion in the urban cultural spaces of the Apennine Peninsula, the author comes to the conclusion that the history of urban culture fixes the presence of exclusion, which is characteristic of the individual living in the urban space from the very moment the city appeared and the corresponding subject-centric urban culture, the existence in which unfolds in the space of subordination, overcoming borders or resistance to the social order it gives rise to. All of these factors also affect the identity of the subject of urban everyday life. Italy, traditionally understood as the cradle of civilization and world culture, provides one of the most representative experiences of building, fixing, reflecting and experiencing exclusion in the urban environment due to the evolutionary process of changing and crossing different cultures.
Russia as a Significant Other in Latvian Regional Museums: New Mental Borders and Cultural Exclusion
Authors: Zhirnova Lidia S. 
Published: May 2022

The collapse of the Soviet Union brought about a massive redefining of borders, formal as well as mental. Latvia was among those countries that needed to reshape their identity, and its elite opted for distancing the country from Russia and the Soviet past. The article studies how this approach is reflected in 32 local history museums around Latvia. Many of their collections were formed in the Soviet times, and now museums have to redescribe them in accordance with the new ideological framework of “two occupations”. The study presents an initial classification of museums according to their scope. The article highlights the underrepresentation of the Russian language in the texts of exhibitions despite a considerable share of the Russian-speaking population. The main connotations with Russia are singled out, the most emotional of them being the narrative of the “Soviet occupation” and deportations, that was excluded from the public discourse in the Soviet times, and now is re-actualized. Three strategies of dealing with the Soviet past within the framework of museums are described: leaving Soviet items without a consistent narrative, pushing this topic to the margins of the exhibition and rewriting the Soviet discourse in complete accordance with the new ideological framework.
The Theme of “Descendants of the Executioners” in the Discourse in Memory of the “Era of Political Repressions” (2/2 2010s – early 2020s)
Authors: Zevako Yulia V. 
Published: May 2022

The search and analysis of ways to overcome the “difficult” repressive past inherited from the 20th century by many countries including Russia, is one of the tasks of contemporary humanitarian thought. However, in the reflections of many researchers, very little attention is paid to the topic of “descendants of executioners”. In Russia, the topic of “descendants of executioners” is also quite marginal.
Nevertheless, a number of significant events took place in the public media space in the 2/2 of the 2010s – early 2020s. It started a more active discussion of this topic. Thus, general public learned about the project “Investigation of KARAGODIN”, about the database “Personnel of the USSR State Security Bodies. 1935−1939”, about a letter of repentance from the granddaughter of an NKVD officer involved in the case of great-grandfather D. Karagodin, at 2016, and about a lawsuit by a descendant of another NKVD officer demanding that the author of the project be brought to legal responsibility, at 2021. In addition, the lawsuit on the liquidation of “Memorial” caused a great resonance in the society at 2021. These events intensified discussions about the “descendants of the executioners” and their responsibility for the deeds of their ancestors. Here were manifested the positions of not only the “descendants of the victims”, but also the “descendants of the executioners” and representatives of the “double heritage” (simultaneous descendants of both), trying to find ways to comprehend the inherited “legacy”. The article is devoted to the analysis of the meanings and dynamics of these discussions.
Features of the Religious and Everyday Worldview of a Resident of a Russian City at the Turn of the Middle Ages and Modernity: Public, Everyday, Intimate
Authors: Belov Alexey V. 
Published: May 2022

The work describes and analyzes the monograph of L.P. Naydenova “The Life of a Russian Man of the 16th-17th Centuries (Faith, Family, Everyday Affairs)”. It was published in 2020. In it, the author considers issues of the inner world of a person, his relationship with loved ones, and his place in the family. Many of the topics have been understudied. In addition, they are difficult to study, since they are associated with family relationships, and with the closed, personal life. The review was written in order to acquaint readers with the research of the author of the monograph, with the identification of peculiarities of the urban lifestyle, which are inherent in the large cities of the Russian state at the turn of the Middle Ages and early Modernity. This knowledge makes it possible to consider the question of criteria of the characteristics of the city during the Middle Ages and late Modernity. This book may be of interest to specialists in the history of the Middle Ages, medieval family and society. It will be useful to urbanists, sociologists, researchers involved in studying everyday life and mentality. The book will be useful to everyone who is interested in the worldview and everyday history of the Russian medieval city and medieval society.
The Caspian Sea as Intertext: from the Old Russian Literary Tradition to Modern Mass Media (Reception, Concepts, Emotions)
Authors: Krutova Irina N. , Bychkov Dmitry M. , Bilialova Giulnara M. , Parshina Olga N. 
Published: May 2022

The article reveals cognitive and discursive potential of the Caspian Sea portrayal in the Russian literary tradition and modern Internet journalism. The research is based on individual works of Russian writers written in different genres, as well as works of domestic journalists, representing an unconventional reception of the picture of the world framed around the Caspian Sea. The paper draws conclusions about the ambivalent meaning of the image of the Caspian Sea, its mythological semantics; it shows the intertextual nature of the image of the Caspian Sea which generates ideas relevant for the author’s reality; it defines the main constitutive concepts creating the worldview characteristic of the Caspian region; and it reveals the spectrum of emotions expressing the individual author’s perception of the image of the Caspian Sea.
Topographic Hierarchy: an Interdisciplinary Study of Mental Space in the Perspective of Topographic Preferences
Authors: Troitskiy Sergey A. , Tsarev Alexey O. 
Published: May 2022

The article differs from the usual scientific articles, since it refers to the genre of the pre-project that is rarely published in journals related to the social sciences. The pre-project contains the results not of the study as a whole, but of its preparatory stage. A thorough study of the hypothesis, scientific problem, methods, research boundaries, as well as the possibility of object transformation and practical applicability are developed before launching a research project and need extensive discussion from colleagues who are not involved in the research. It is important especially if the project claims to be global in scope. This article just offers to discuss the main provisions of the future study of topographic preferences. It is planned to start realization of the project from a study of the topographical preferences of large city residents. As main activities on this stage should be testing the main preliminary installations, improving the tools for collecting materials, building the parameters of the analysis in accordance with the first data received. As a result of this stage, the stage of practical verification of the theory, it is planned to get an idea of the preferences themselves and their motivators, to develop universal basic tools for identifying topographic preferences that are applicable for use in different cultures. The next stage should be the development of tools for studying the topographical preferences of migrants in order to identify the parameters that affect the choice of directions of migration flows. At this stage, it is planned to involve foreign colleagues to test methods, tools and hypotheses about the cross-cultural nature of mental maps and topographic representations. The published pre-project formulates the terminological apparatus of the planned project, indicates the markers of inclusion of toposes in mental maps, as well as factors affecting the configuration of the topographic hierarchy (a complex of topographic preferences).