bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spurious early ecological association suggesting BCG vaccination effectiveness for COVID-19
Authors: Ledesma Jorge R. , Lurie Peter , Yorlets Rachel R. , Daly Garrison , Chrysanthopoulou Stavroula , Lurie Mark N. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Several ecologic studies have suggested that the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine may be protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection including a highly-cited published pre-print by Miller et al., finding that middle/high- and high-income countries that never had a universal BCG policy experienced higher COVID-19 burden compared to countries that currently have universal BCG vaccination policies. We provide a case study of the limitations of ecologic analyses by evaluating whether these early ecologic findings persisted as the pandemic progressed.

Methods
Similar to Miller et al., we employed Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests to compare population medians in COVID-19 mortality, incidence, and mortality-to-incidence ratio between countries with universal BCG policies compared to those that never had such policies. We then computed Pearson’s r correlations to evaluate the association between year of BCG vaccination policy implementation and COVID-19 outcomes. We repeated these analyses for every month in 2020 subsequent to Miller et al.’s March 2020 analysis.

Results
We found that the differences in COVID-19 burden associated with BCG vaccination policies in March 2020 generally diminished in magnitude and usually lost statistical significance as the pandemic progressed. While six of nine analyses were statistically significant in March, only two were significant by the end of 2020.

Discussion
These results underscore the need for caution in interpreting ecologic studies, given their inherent methodological limitations, which can be magnified in the context of a rapidly evolving pandemic in which there is measurement error of both exposure and outcome status.
Identity construction of Hong Kong returnees: stance taking and self-labelling in narratives
Authors: Chan Hon Leung Clement 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study examines how Hong Kong returnees negotiate and construct their transnational identities in their post-sojourn period via two indexical cues, stance taking, and self-labelling. Based on the narratives about remigration, this study investigates how returnees construct their identities discursively by taking stances to evaluate and align with sociocultural values and using self-labelling to index their transnational identities in their post-sojourn period. In doing so, this study hopes to contribute to the existing migration studies on Hong Kong returnees in terms of language and identity construction.
Study on data mining method of network security situation perception based on cloud computing
Authors: Zhang Yan , Kaur Arshpreet , Jagota Vishal , Neware Rahul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the network has become more complex, and the attacker’s ability to attack is gradually increasing. How to properly understand the network security situation and improve network security has become a very important issue. In order to study the method of extracting information about the security situation of the network based on cloud computing, we recommend the technology of knowledge of the network security situation based on the data extraction technology. It converts each received cyber security event into a standard format that can be defined as multiple brochures, creating a general framework for the cyber security situation. According to the large nature of network security situation data, the Hadoop platform is used to extract aggregation rules, and perform model extraction, pattern analysis, and learning on a network security event dataset to complete network security situation rule mining, and establish a framework for assessing the state of network security. According to the results of the federal rule extraction, the level of network node security risk is obtained in combination with signal reliability, signal severity, resource impact, node protection level, and signal recovery factor. A simulation test is performed to obtain the intrusion index according to the source address of the network security alarm. Through the relevant experiments and analysis of the results, the attack characteristics obtained in this study were obtained after manually reducing the network security event in the 295 h window. The results show that after the security event is canceled, the corresponding window attack index decreases to 0, indicating that this method can effectively implement a network security situation awareness. The proposed technique allows you to accurately sense changes in network security conditions.
Syntactic and lexical-ase-are distinct suffixes
Authors: de Chene Brent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn addition to the syntactic (inflectional) causative suffix-(s)ase-, Japanese displays a lexical (derivational) causative suffix-(a)se-(okur-ase-‘delay’,no-se-‘place on’) whosea-zero alternation is general in the stem-level phonology. Because the UR of syntactic-(s)ase-must include thesof its postvocalic alternant, the two suffixes necessarily have distinct phonological forms; there is thus no way to treat them as “high attachment” and “low attachment” versions of a single element. The division of labor between syntactic-(s)ase-and lexical-(a)se-invites the conclusion that no causative suffix is syntactic in some cases and lexical in others; if so, causatives pose no challenge to the position that while Japanese inflectional morphology is the phonological realization of syntactic representations, derivational morphology involves lexical listing of stems. The conclusion that there is no causative suffix that spans the syntactic/lexical boundary is validated by showing that forms that have been taken in the literature as exemplifying lexical-(s)ase-are in fact either lexical-(a)se-or syntactic-(s)ase-. As part of this demonstration, it is shown that, with minor exceptions, verb stems in-ase-have arisen as variants of pre-existing stems in-as-, and an explanation for this ongoing process of replacement is proposed.
To think thatconstructions and Japanesetowa/nanteconstructions
Authors: Hatakeyama Yuji , Honda Kensuke , Tanaka Kosuke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnglish has what is called ‘theto think thatconstruction’, in which the subordinate clause (theto-infinitive clause) is used as if it were an independent clause (e.g.,To think that she could be so ruthless!). This paper shows that theto think thatconstruction can be divided into two types depending on the contents of thethatclauses: one is the “recall” type, in which thethatclauses represent a speaker’s knowledge (i.e., his/her past event or experience); and the other is the “surprise” type, in which thethatclauses describe an event at the speech time which the speaker regards as unbelievable. This paper further shows that the “surprise” type of theto think thatconstruction corresponds to the Japanese exclamatory sentence, or thetowa/nanteconstruction such asKodomo-ni anna koto-o iw-are-ru{towa/nante}!‘(Lit.) That my child should say such a thing!’.
The polarizable and reprogrammable identity of Kupffer cells in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Zahr Tarik , Sun Kevin , Qiang Li 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) are the resident macrophages of the liver with similar origins to myeloid-derived macrophages. Once differentiated, KCs exhibit distinct cellular machinery capable of longevity and self-renewal, making them a crucial player in promoting effective intrahepatic communication. However, this gets compromised in disease states like Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), where the loss of embryo-derived KCs (EmKCs) is observed. Despite this, other KC-like and KC-derived populations start to form and contribute to a variety of roles in NASH pathogenesis, often adopting a NASH-associated molecular signature. Here we offer a brief overview of recent reports describing KC polarization and reprogramming in the liver. We describe the complexities of KC cellular identity, their proposed ability to reprogram to fibroblast-like and endothelial-like cells, and the potential implications in NASH.
NTIM solution of the fractional order parabolic partial differential equations
Authors: Ali Nasir , Nawaz Rashid , Saeed Anwar , Gul Taza , Bonyah Ebenezer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this article, natural transform iterative method has been used to find the approximate solution of fractional order parabolic partial differential equations of multi-dimensions together with initial and boundary conditions. The method is applicable without any discretization or linearization. Three problems have been taken as test examples and the results are summarized through plots and tables to show the efficiency and reliability of the method. By practice of a few iterations, we observe that the approximate solution of the parabolic equations converges to the exact solution. The fractional derivatives are considered in the Caputo’s sense.
Progress in solid state and coordination chemistry of actinides in China
Authors: Li Kai , Liu Wei , Zhang Hailong , Cheng Liwei , Zhang Yugang , Wang Yaxing , Chen Ning , Zhu Congqing , Chai Zhifang , Wang Shuao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the past decade, the area of solid state chemistry of actinides has witnessed a rapid development in China, based on the significantly increased proportion of the number of actinide containing crystal structures reported by Chinese researchers from only 2% in 2010 to 36% in 2021. In this review article, we comprehensively overview the synthesis, structure, and characterizations of representative actinide solid compounds including oxo-compounds, organometallic compounds, and endohedral metallofullerenes reported by Chinese researchers. In addition, Chinese researchers pioneered several potential applications of actinide solid compounds in terms of adsorption, separation, photoelectric materials, and photo-catalysis, which are also briefly discussed. It is our hope that this contribution not only calls for further development of this area in China, but also arouses new research directions and interests in actinide chemistry and material sciences.
Recent advances in matrix metalloproteinases-responsive nanoprobes for cancer diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Wang Qiuye , Cui Haijing , Gan Ning , Ma Xuehua , Ren Wenzhi , Wu Aiguo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a class of zinc-contained endopeptidases, are closely involved in tumor growth, infiltration, metastasis, and angiogenesis. By virtue of the specifically enzymatic hydrolysis, MMPs have been widely used to turn on imaging and/or therapy function of elaborately designed enzyme-responsive nanoprobes, which is expected to realize precise diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This review systematically summarizes the classifications of MMPs, their substrates and recognized sequences, and overexpressed tumor types. The advances of MMPs-responsive nanoprobes for cancer diagnosis and therapy are focused, including trigger mechanism, design principle, and various imaging or therapy modes. Finally, this review analyzes the challenges of MMPs-responsive nanoprobes in clinical application, and provides constructive opinions for future study.
Diabetes mellitus-induced lower urinary tract symptoms and hepatic steatosis in an older male
Authors: Opara Nnennaya U 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2) is one of the important causes of low-grade chronic inflammation (meta inflammation) seen in almost all tissues in the body. Other possible mechanisms involved in the development of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with DM-2 are the hypertonicity of the peripheral sympathetic nerves and hyperinsulinemia effects on the autonomous nervous system activity. These further suggests that abnormalities in glucose homeostasis influence the hyperproliferation of the prostate cells resulting in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Similarly, hepatic steatosis, a form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence among patients with DM-2, is as high as 75%. NAFLD has no symptoms in most diabetic patients. In this study, we present a case of a 64-year-old Black male who had worsening urinary urgency and hesitancy for 4 months, with increasing abdominal girth. Patient was found to have symptoms, diagnostic studies, and physical exam findings indicative of BPH and fatty liver disease. He was treated with hepato-protective medications, tighter control of his blood glucose levels, and blood pressure meds for 13 months. Upon follow-up, most of his symptoms were resolved. Timeline of BPH resolution and decrease in liver size following treatment suggest that DM-2 has a strong correlation with the development of BPH and fatty liver disease in most patients living with diabetes.

Learning points

Men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) tend to have significantly lower serum PSA level, lower testosterone levels, and larger prostate volume compared to non-diabetic male patients.

Patients with DM-2 have higher prevalence of hepatic steatosis, liver cirrhosis, and end-stage liver failure.

The role of metformin in reducing hepatic steatosis as stated by several studies is yet to be validated as our patient has been on metformin for 22 years for the management of DM-2 with fatty liver disease.
Yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization for liver metastases from medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Puleo Luciana , Agate Laura , Bargellini Irene , Boni Giuseppe , Piaggi Paolo , Traino Claudio , Depalo Tommaso , Lorenzoni Giulia , Bianchi Francesca , Volterrani Duccio , Brogioni Sandra , Bottici Valeria , Brunetto Maurizia Rossana , Coco Barbara , Molinaro Eleonora , Elisei Rossella 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Liver metastases occur in 45% of patients with advanced metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) has been proposed to treat liver metastases (LM), especially in neuroendocrine tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical (calcitonin and carcino-embryonic antigen) and objective response of liver metastases from MTC to TARE.

Methods
TARE is an internal radiotherapy in which microspheres loaded with β-emitting yttrium-90 (90Y) are delivered into the hepatic arteries that supply blood to LM. Eight patients with progressive multiple LM underwent TARE and were followed prospectively. They were clinically, biochemically and radiologically evaluated at 1, 4, 12 and 18 months after TARE.

Results
Two patients were excluded from the analysis due to severe liver injury and death due to extrahepatic disease progression, respectively. One month after TARE, a statistically significant (P = 0.02) reduction of calcitonin was observed in all patients and remained clinically relevant during follow-up; reduction of CEA, although not significant, was found in all patients. Significant reduction of liver tumor mass was observed 1, 4 and 12 months after TARE (P = 0.007, P = 0.004, P = 0.002, respectively). After 1 month, three of six patients showed partial response (PR) and three of six stable disease (SD) according to RECIST 1.1, while five of six patients had a PR and one of six a SD according to mRECIST. The clinical response remained relevant 18 months after TARE. Excluding one patient, all others showed only a slight and transient increase in liver enzymes.

Conclusions
TARE is effective in LM treatment of MTC. The absence of severe complications and the good tolerability make TARE a valid therapeutic strategy when liver LM are multiple and progressive.
Radiological determination of fossa cranii posterior morphometry in Chiari malformation type I
Authors: VURALLI Duygu , OKSÜZLER Mahmut 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the morphological changes in Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) of Chiari Malformation Type-1 (CMI) patients by performing morphometric measurements of fossa cranii posterior (FCP) and cranium.
Materials and Methods: Our study is retrospective and included a control group of 32 (16 females, 16 males) and 12 patients (6 males, 6 females) with CMI between the ages of 21 and 47 years. Measurements were made on T2-weighted cranial MR images of the patient with CMI and the control group.
Results: Maximum cranial length, maximum cranial height, sagittal diameter of foramen magnum, cranium base length, supraocciput, clivus length, anterior-posterior diameter of fossa cranii posterior, occipital cord length, cerebellum height, amount of herniation in CMI were found 164.13±10.67mm, 134.60±10.71mm, 36.89±5.28mm, 108.5±7.9mm, 38.5±3.7 mm, 36.7±7.1mm, 84.9±8.8mm, 79.7±11.5mm, 53.3±4.2mm, 7.8±4.9mm respectively.
Conclusion: In our study, the measurements of the CMI and the control group were compared and a decrease in the length of the supraocciput, the length of the clivus and the length of the occipital cord has been found and an increase in the length of the cranial base and the sagittal diameter of the foramen magnum has been found in CMI patients. As a result of the data obtained in our study, FCP morphometry of patients with CMI can contribute to patient follow-up and surgery.
The Effect of Kinesio Tape and Exercise on Maximum Key Pinch Endurance on Assembly Workers
Authors: Fadaei Farzane , Ordudari Zahra , Habibi Ehsanollah 
Published: September 2022

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal pain is generally caused by poor physical conditions and repetitive movement. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of kinesio tape and exercise on maximum key pinch endurance and pain reduction regarding the assembly workers.
Method: This clinical trial study was conducted on 40 female workers employed in the assembly part of an electrical company. The subjects were categorized into three groups: exercise-taping, exercise and control, and performing an 8-week rehabilitation plan twice a week. To assess the upper limb disability and key pinch endurance before and after the intervention, authors used DASH questionnaire and pinch gauge, respectively. Data were evaluated with SPSS 20 and one-way ANOVA, Chi-Square and paired t-test tests. In this study, pinch gauge was used to measure pinch strength. Studies show that pinch gauge has high calibration accuracy and precision.
Results: The results of this study demonstrated a decrease in upper limb disability in the two groups of exercise and taping-exercise compared to the control group. Chi-square test indicated a statistically significant difference between the history of hand pain in the three groups. Moreover, paired t-test showed that the two hand's key pinch endurance was significantly increased in the two intervention groups compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Using a kinesio tape can be effective in reducing pain and physical damage in hands. Therefore, at least 2 or 3 exercise sessions can be done per week during working hours.
Costs of Nonoperative Procedures for Knee Osteoarthritis in the Year Prior to Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Nin Darren Z. , Chen Ya-Wen , Talmo Carl T. , Hollenbeck Brian L. , Mattingly David A. , Niu Ruijia , Chang David C. , Smith Eric L. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The convergence of national priorities to reduce health-care costs and deliver high-value care warrants the need to examine health-care utilization. The objective of this study was to describe the costs associated with nonoperative procedures in the 1-year period leading up to primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods:
An observational cohort study was conducted using the IBM Watson Health MarketScan databases. Patients with late-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent unilateral, isolated primary TKA from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, were included. The main outcome was the cost of knee OA-related payments for identified nonoperative procedures in the 1-year period before surgery. Nonoperative procedures examined were (1) physical therapy (PT); (2) bracing; (3) intra-articular injections: professional fee, hyaluronic acid (IA-HA), and corticosteroids (IA-CS); (4) medication: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and acetaminophen; and (5) knee-specific imaging.

Results:
The study population included 24,492 TKA patients with a mean age of 60.4 ± 8.0 years. The average total cost of nonoperative procedures per patient was $1,355 ± $2,087. The most common nonoperative treatment prescribed was IA-CS (54.3%). The nonoperative procedure with the highest cost per patient was IA-HA ($1,019 ± $913 per patient). The total cost of nonoperative procedures was higher among female compared with male patients ($1,440 ± $2,159 versus $1,254 ± $1,992 per patient; p < 0.01). The highest costs were found for patients in the Northeast ($1,740 ± $2,437 per patient). A total of 14,346 (58.6%) and 7,831 (32.0%) of the patients had >1 and ≥3 nonoperative treatments, respectively.

Conclusions:
There is substantial variation in the type and the cost of nonoperative treatment for patients with late-stage OA. Future studies should investigate the effectiveness of nonoperative treatments at different stages of the disease.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
New sizes of complete (k, 4)-arcs in PG(2,17)
Authors: Hamed Zainab Shehab 
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the packing problem for complete ( 4)-arcs in is partially solved. The minimum and the maximum sizes of complete ( 4)-arcs in are obtained. The idea that has been used to do this classification is based on using the algorithm introduced in Section 3 in this paper. Also, this paper establishes the connection between the projective geometry in terms of a complete ( , 4)-arc in and the algebraic characteristics of a plane quartic curve over the field represented by the number of its rational points and inflexion points. In addition, some sizes of complete ( 6)-arcs in the projective plane of order thirteen are established, namely for = 53, 54, 55, 56.