bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated pulse-wave velocity predicts survival in patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Malik Mohsyn I , Nagpal Dave 
Published: November 2022

Introduction Arterial stiffness, measured by estimated pulse-wave velocity is a known predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events, however its predictive value in patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is unknown. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed at the London Health Science Centre in London, Canada between 1996–2021, totaling 255 patients requiring ECMO. Estimated pulse-wave velocity (ePWV) was calculated using an algorithm from the Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness Collaboration. Recorded outcomes included in-hospital death, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, renal failure and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). For adjusted analysis, survival-to-discharge was used. Multivariate logistic regression and propensity-score matching were utilized to control for confounding. Results On univariate analysis, higher ePWV was significantly predictive of ischemic stroke (OR 1.676, p = 0.0002) and in-hospital death (OR 1.20, p = 0.006), but insignificant for predicting hemorrhagic stroke (OR 1.07, p = 0.710), and appeared protective for renal failure (OR 0.88 [0.78–0.99], p = 0.034) and RRT (OR 0.87, p = 0.027). On multivariate analysis and propensity-score matching, five of six models demonstrated ePWV as an independent predictor of survival-to-discharge. (OR 0.70, p = 0.00,021; OR 0.72, p = 0.0002; OR 0.87, p = 0.045; OR 0.85, p = 0.013; OR 0.57, p = 0.012) Conclusions ePWV is a promising marker for risk-stratification in ECMO patients. Further investigation is required to better delineate the role of arterial health assessment in disease trajectory and strengthen the validity of AS as a marker of interest in medical and surgical management.
Estimating 3D supraspinatus intramuscular fatty infiltration in older adults: a pilot study
Authors: Addona Jacqueline , Ahmed Sagheer R , Almardawi Ranyah , Garcia Zapata Leopoldo , Awan Omer A , Davis Derik L 
Published: November 2022

Background A recent report suggests that semi-quantitative two-dimensional Goutallier grade (2D-GG) correlates poorly with quantitative three-dimensional Dixon fat fraction (3D-Dixon-FF) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose To determine whether the finding of poor correlation of supraspinatus 3D-Dixon-FF with 2D-GG is reproducible, and to determine the strength of the correlation of 3D-Dixon-FF with quantitative 2D Dixon fat fraction (2D-Dixon-FF). Material and Methods Ten adults aged ≥60 years were recruited prospectively received shoulder MRI. 2D-Dixon-FF and 3D-Dixon-FF were measured on 6-point Dixon fat fraction maps. 2D-GG was rated on T1-weighted images. Results The mean age of participants was 70.7 ± 3.7 years. The mean 3D-Dixon-FF was 8.3% ± 5.7%; the mean 2D-Dixon-FF was 7.3% ± 4.4%; and the mean 2D-GG was 0.9 ± 0.7. There was a strong correlation for 3D-Dixon-FF with 2D-Dixon-FF (rho = 0.90; P < 0.001) and with 2D-GG (rho = 0.73; P = 0.017). Excellent inter-observer reliability was found for Dixon fat fraction (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.946), which was good for Goutallier grade (weighted kappa = 0.634). Conclusion Supraspinatus 3D-Dixon-FF had a strong correlation with 2D-Dixon-FF and 2D-GG in our study population.
Commentary on the private practice implications of the Deed of Settlement in the Honeysuckle Health – NIB Australian-Competition-Tribunal-hearing
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Galambos Gary , Pring William , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Kisely Stephen R 
Published: November 2022

Objective To provide a commentary on the implications of the Deed of Settlement in the Honeysuckle Health – nib Australian-Competition-Tribunal Hearing. This hearing has major implications in relation to the potential for a single dominant private-health-insurance buying-group to contract for medical-purchaser-provider-agreements that might limit the clinical autonomy of patients and psychiatrists. Conclusions The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) authorised the formation of a joint buying-group for private-health-insurers in 2021 to provide collective contracting and related services to private-health-insurers and other healthcare-payers. A consequent legal challenge resulted in a Deed of Settlement on 18 July 2022 that for 5 years preserves doctor-patient autonomy in clinical decision-making, the medical gaps scheme, the transparency of contractual arrangements, and if clinical data of those insured are collected by HH-nib, it must be with the full informed consent of patients. However, there remain options for private-health-insurers to apply for formation of new buying-groups, as well as to collect data and profile the general public and insured patients using online programs. Vigilance on private-health-insurer buying-groups, and the potential for US-style managed-care is warranted.
A Review of Topical Roflumilast for the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Pixley Jessica N. , Schaetzle Taylor , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: November 2022

Objective: This article reviews clinical trials to assess the efficacy, safety, and clinical application of once-daily roflumilast 0.3% cream for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Data sources: A systematic review of the literature was performed using the terms roflumilast OR Zoryve OR ARQ-151 in MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases between January 2012 and October 2022. Bibliographies and the ClinicalTrials.gov website were also searched to identify further studies. Study selection and data extraction: Studies written in English and relevant to pharmacology, clinical trials, and safety were considered for inclusion. Data synthesis: In two 8-week phase III clinical trials, disease severity as assessed by a score of “clear” or “almost clear” and a 2-point improvement on Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) was 42.4% and 37.5% at week 8 in DERMIS-1 and DERMIS-2, respectively, compared to 6.1% and 6.9% in the control groups. In the 52-week phase III trial, treatment success rates for plaque psoriasis and intertriginous psoriasis were similar to the 8-week data with 45% of patients in the treatment group were evaluated as an IGA of “clear” or “almost clear” at week 52. Relevance to patient care and clinical practice in comparison to existing drugs: Roflumilast is a new US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved topical phosphodiesterase inhibitor that shows promise for the treatment of mild-severe plaque psoriasis. It is an effective and safe topical nonsteroidal alternative to currently available topical corticosteroids, but there are currently no comparative studies with other psoriasis treatments. Conclusion: Roflumilast is effective and safe for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and intertriginous psoriasis. Future trials should compare its efficacy and tolerability with that of the older, clinically established topical corticosteroids. Prohibitive factors may include limited patient adherence to topical treatments and cost.
Stigma and determinant factors among patients with mental disorders: Institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Getnet Asmamaw , Sintayehu Bitew Mezinew , Iyasu Ashagrie Sharew , Afenigus Abebe Dilie , Haile Dessalegn , Amha Haile 
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To assess prevalence and its associated factors of perceived stigma among patients with mental disorders who had appointment for treatment at Debre Markos, Finote Selam, and Felege Hiwot Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: At selected hospitals in the Amhara Region, an institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 February to 1 March 2019. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique and data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. The Internalized Stigma Scale was designed to examine the stigma associated with mental disorders. The data were coded and enter into Epi data version 4.4.2.1 before being exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were used to show the strength of the association. Results: A total of 610 participants were participated, with a response rate of 98.6%, and 215 (35.2%) of them reported a high level of perceived stigma. Being single (adjusted odds ratio = 1.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 3.02), accessing their medication freely (adjusted odds ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.67), having suicidal thoughts (adjusted odds ratio = 1.95, 95% confidence interval: 1.25, 3.03), having low social support (adjusted odds ratio = 5.09, 95% confidence interval: 2.95, 8.76), age 25–34 years (adjusted odds ratio = 1.94, 95% confidence interval: 1.11, 3.40), age 35–44 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–4.18), and age > 44 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.67, 7.24) were revealed to be significantly associated with high perceived stigma after multivariable logistic regression analysis ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of high perceived stigma was 35.2%, which is found to be high among people who have mental disorders in this study. Being single, accessing their medication freely, having suicidal thoughts, having low social support, and being within the age of (25–34), (35–44), > 44 were all found to be significantly associated with high perceived stigma ( p < 0.05). But married, access medication by fee, have no suicidal thought, having moderate and strong social support, and young age were significantly associated with low perceived stigma.
Technique of ACL Reconstruction With Autologous Quadriceps Tendon Bone Graft and Femoral Press Fit Fixation
Authors: Petersen Wolf , Ohde Julia , Karpinski Katrin , Bierke Sebastian , Häner Martin 
Published: November 2022

Background: Recently, there has been an increase in interest in the quadriceps tendon (QT) as an alternative autologous graft option for primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Indication: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in skeletally mature patients (high-risk patients for re-rupture and patients with medial instability). Technique Description: The QT graft is harvested with a 4-cm skin incision over the superior pole of the patella. A double knife and an oscillating saw are used to obtain the QT graft with a bone block from the patella (65 mm x 10 mm graft and 15 mm bone block). Then an arthroscopy is carried out with assessment of the ACL tear and treatment of further intraarticular injuries. ACL reconstruction begins with debridement of the femoral insertion to expose the land marks. The medial portal is used for femoral tunnel drilling with the knee in more than 110° of flexion. A special portal aiming device is introduced via the anteromedial portal and a guide wire is placed in the area of the femoral anteromedial insertion. This guide wire is gradually overdrilled with various drills and dilators of increasing size. The final diameter should be 0.5 mm smaller than the diameter of the bone block of the graft to allow for press-fit fixation. Then, the tibial tunnel is drilled using a tibial drill guide leaving the tibial stump of the original ACL intact. The graft is pulled into the joint through the tibial tunnel until the bone block stops at the femoral tunnel entrance. The bone block is then pushed through the medial portal into the femoral tunnel (press-fit fixation). The tibial fixation is performed with an interference screw and optionally with an extracortical button. Results: Prior studies with 2 years follow-up have shown that the clinical outcomes in primary and revision ACL reconstruction were not significantly different between the use of QT grafts with femoral press-fit fixation and the use of hamstring grafts with femoral suspension fixation. Discussion/Conclusion: Quadriceps tendon bone autograft and femoral press-fit fixation provides an excellent alternative as a graft choice in ACL reconstruction. The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Computational platform for doctor–artificial intelligence cooperation in pulmonary arterial hypertension prognostication: a pilot study
Authors: Kheyfets Vitaly O. , Sweatt Andrew J. , Gomberg-Maitland Mardi , Ivy Dunbar D. , Condliffe Robin , Kiely David G. , Lawrie Allan , Maron Bradley A. , Zamanian Roham T. , Stenmark Kurt R. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a heterogeneous and complex pulmonary vascular disease associated with substantial morbidity. Machine-learning algorithms (used in many PAH risk calculators) can combine established parameters with thousands of circulating biomarkers to optimise PAH prognostication, but these approaches do not offer the clinician insight into what parameters drove the prognosis. The approach proposed in this study diverges from other contemporary phenotyping methods by identifying patient-specific parameters driving clinical risk.MethodsWe trained a random forest algorithm to predict 4-year survival risk in a cohort of 167 adult PAH patients evaluated at Stanford University, with 20% withheld for (internal) validation. Another cohort of 38 patients from Sheffield University were used as a secondary (external) validation. Shapley values, borrowed from game theory, were computed to rank the input parameters based on their importance to the predicted risk score for the entire trained random forest model (global importance) and for an individual patient (local importance).ResultsBetween the internal and external validation cohorts, the random forest model predicted 4-year risk of death/transplant with sensitivity and specificity of 71.0–100% and 81.0–89.0%, respectively. The model reinforced the importance of established prognostic markers, but also identified novel inflammatory biomarkers that predict risk in some PAH patients.ConclusionThese results stress the need for advancing individualised phenotyping strategies that integrate clinical and biochemical data with outcome. The computational platform presented in this study offers a critical step towards personalised medicine in which a clinician can interpret an algorithm's assessment of an individual patient.
Control of Grain Weight and Size in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by OsPUB3 Encoding a U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase
Authors: Wang Shi-Lin , Zhang Zhen-Hua , Fan Ye-Yang , Huang De-Run , Yang Yao-Long , Zhuang Jie-Yun , Zhu Yu-Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGrain weight and size, mostly determined by grain length, width and thickness, are crucial traits affecting grain quality and yield in rice. A quantitative trait locus controlling grain length and width in rice, qGS1-35.2, was previously fine-mapped in a 57.7-kb region on the long arm of chromosome 1. In this study, OsPUB3, a gene encoding a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, was validated as the causal gene for qGS1-35.2. The effects were confirmed firstly by using CRISPR/Cas9-based mutagenesis and then through transgenic complementation of a Cas9-free knock-out (KO) mutant. Two homozygous KO lines were produced, each having a 1-bp insertion in OsPUB3 which caused frameshift mutation and premature termination. Compared with the recipient and a transgenic-negative control, both mutants showed significant decreases in grain weight and size. In transgenic complementation populations derived from four independent T0 plants, grain weight of transgenic-positive plants was significantly higher than transgenic-negative plants, coming with increased grain length and a less significant decrease in grain width. Based on data documented in RiceVarMap V2.0, eight haplotypes were classified according to six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in the OsPUB3 coding region of 4695 rice accessions. Significant differences on grain size traits were detected between the three major haplotypes, Hap1, Hap2 and Hap3 that jointly occupy 98.6% of the accessions. Hap3 having the largest grain weight and grain length but intermediate grain width exhibits a potential for simultaneously improving grain yield and quality. In another set of 257 indica rice cultivars tested in our study, Hap1 and Hap2 remained to be the two largest groups. Their differences on grain weight and size were significant in the background of non-functional gse5, but non-significant in the background of functional GSE5, indicating a genetic interaction between OsPUB3 and GSE5. Cloning of OsPUB3 provides a new gene resource for investigating the regulation of grain weight and size.
Combating the menace of antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a review on stewardship, surveillance and diagnostic strategies
Authors: Gulumbe Bashar Haruna , Haruna Usman Abubakar , Almazan Joseph , Ibrahim Ibrahim Haruna , Faggo Abdullahi Adamu , Bazata Abbas Yusuf 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has threatened not only our ability to deal with common infectious diseases but also the management of life-threatening complications. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a significant threat in both industrialized and developing countries alike. In Africa, though, poor clinical care, indiscriminate antibiotic use, lack of robust AMR surveillance programs, lack of proper regulations and the burden of communicable diseases are factors aggravating the problem of AMR. In order to effectively address the challenge of AMR, antimicrobial stewardship programs, solid AMR surveillance systems to monitor the trend of resistance, as well as robust, affordable and rapid diagnostic tools which generate data that informs decision-making, have been demonstrated to be effective. However, we have identified a significant knowledge gap in the area of the application of fast and affordable diagnostic tools, surveillance, and stewardship programs in Africa. Therefore, we set out to provide up-to-date information in these areas. We discussed available hospital-based stewardship initiatives in addition to the role of governmental and non-governmental organizations. Finally, we have reviewed the application of various phenotypic and molecular AMR detection tools in both research and routine laboratory settings in Africa, deployment challenges and the efficiency of these methods.
Global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to alcohol use, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019
Authors: Zhang Xiansheng , Zhang Xin , Liu Meilian , Zhu Lin , He Zhuokai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background:
To date, no study has evaluated trends in the burden of alcohol-induced cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) 2019 study. Herein, we report on the global burden of alcohol-induced cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases in terms of age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2019, based on analysis of GBD 2019 data.

Methods:
The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to determine the trends in the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for alcohol-induced cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases.

Results:
From 1990 to 2019, the global age-standardized incidence rate showed an upward trend (EAPC = 0.10), whereas the global age-standardized mortality rate and DALYs showed a downward trend (EAPC = − 0.88 and − 0.89, respectively). Low-(187.08 in 2019) and low-middle (178.11 in 2019)SDI regions had much higher age-standardized DALYs. Eastern Europe saw the largest increases in the age-standardized mortality rate and DALYs. Lithuania had the largest increase in mortalities caused by alcohol-induced cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases(EAPC = 4.61). The age-standardized mortality rates and DALYs were higher in men than in women.

Conclusion:
From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of alcohol-induced cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases increased globally; however, both the age-standardized mortality rate and DALYs caused by alcohol-induced cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases showed decreasing trends. Future studies should devise preventive strategies for low and low-middle SDI regions, Eastern Europe, Lithuania, and other high-risk regions.
What is the role of aerosol transmission in SARS-Cov-2 Omicron spread in Shanghai?
Authors: Sun Gui-Quan , Ma Xia , Zhang Zhenzhen , Liu Quan-Hui , Li Bai-Lian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Omicron transmission has infected nearly 600,000 people in Shanghai from March 26 to May 31, 2022. Combined with different control measures taken by the government in different periods, a dynamic model was constructed to investigate the impact of medical resources, shelter hospitals and aerosol transmission generated by clustered nucleic acid testing on the spread of Omicron. The parameters of the model were estimated by least square method and MCMC method, and the accuracy of the model was verified by the cumulative number of asymptomatic infected persons and confirmed cases in Shanghai from March 26 to May 31, 2022. The result of numerical simulation demonstrated that the aerosol transmission figured prominently in the transmission of Omicron in Shanghai from March 28 to April 30. Without aerosol transmission, the number of asymptomatic subjects and symptomatic cases would be reduced to 130,000 and 11,730 by May 31, respectively. Without the expansion of shelter hospitals in the second phase, the final size of asymptomatic subjects and symptomatic cases might reach 23.2 million and 4.88 million by May 31, respectively. Our results also revealed that expanded vaccination played a vital role in controlling the spread of Omicron. However, even if the vaccination rate were 100%, the transmission of Omicron should not be completely blocked. Therefore, other control measures should be taken to curb the spread of Omicron, such as widespread antiviral therapies, enhanced testing and strict tracking quarantine measures. This perspective could be utilized as a reference for the transmission and prevention of Omicron in other large cities with a population of 10 million like Shanghai.
Determinants of recommended antenatal care visits among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a generalized linear mixed-effects modeling
Authors: Ayalew Hiwotie Getaneh , Asefa Kibir Temesgen , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough antenatal care has the potential role to reduce maternal and child morbidity and mortality, utilization of a recommended number of antenatal care visits is still low in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of recommended antenatal care visits in Ethiopia.MethodData from the 2019 mini-Ethiopian demographic and health survey (MEDHS) was used for this study. A total of 3916 women who gave birth 5 years preceding the MEDHS were included. A generalized linear mixed-effects (mixed-effects logistic regression) model was used to identify the determinants of recommended antenatal care service utilization. Finally, the adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and random effects were reported.ResultsIn the generalized linear mixed-effects model, women with primary education (AOR = 1.55, 95%CI 1.22–2.01), secondary and above education (AOR = 5.12, 95%CI 2.80–8.16), women from the middle (AOR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.01–1.71) and rich wealth index (AOR = 1.54, 95%CI 1.12–2.25), women who were exposed to media (AOR = 1.23,95%CI 1.01–1.57) and who use contraception (AOR = 1.45 95%CI 1.25–2.03), had higher odds of recommended antenatal care service utilization.ConclusionIn this study, factors like maternal educational status, media exposure, wealth index and history of contraceptive utilization were significantly associated with recommended ANC visits in Ethiopia. Therefore, encouraging women for contraceptive service utilization, consulting women to be exposed to media and improving women’s wealth status will help to have recommended number of ANC visits by pregnant women in Ethiopia.