bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenging assumptions about burial ground biodiversity using flying beetles as indicators in urban areas
Authors: Cathcart-James Margaret , Foster Chris , Pickles Brian J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Biodiversity is fundamental to the provision of ecosystem services that benefit urban communities, yet one type of green space is largely overlooked in ecological research and local governance: urban burial grounds. Their longevity, profound importance to society, and ubiquitous nature, provide unique opportunities for urban biodiversity. However, there has been little scientific exploration of their potentials. To quantify biodiversity in urban burial grounds, a low impact methodology for the capture of flying beetles was developed and deployed at 20 sites in southern England. To the authors’ knowledge this work represents the largest sampling of burial grounds in a single study. We used Generalized linear Mixed Models to examine the influence of weather, local demographic variables, urban landscape and burial ground vegetation management on the abundance of flying beetles. We found significant variability in beetle assemblages over time and between burial grounds. Burial ground age was not significantly associated with flying beetle abundance, challenging long-standing assumptions about older burial grounds being more valuable for biodiversity. Increasing area of domestic gardens and hedgerows in the surrounding urban landscape was positively associated with beetle abundance, whereas the most significant negative association was with burial ground size. Additionally, management of burial grounds significantly influenced beetle abundance: more stringent regimes typically resulted in lower abundance, but sites with horticultural landscaping or biodiversity-focused regimes exhibited higher abundances.
Formation and thermodynamic evolution of plasmoids in active region jets
Authors: Mulay Sargam M , Tripathi Durgesh , Mason Helen , Del Zanna Giulio , Archontis Vasilis 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We have carried out a comprehensive study of the temperature structure of plasmoids, which successively occurred in recurrent active region jets. The multithermal plasmoids were seen to be travelling along the multithreaded spire as well as at the footpoint region in the EUV/UV images recorded by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA). The differential emission measure (DEM) analysis was performed using EUV AIA images, and the high-temperature part of the DEM was constrained by combining X-ray images from the X-ray telescope (XRT/Hinode). We observed a systematic rise and fall in brightness, electron number densities and the peak temperatures of the spire plasmoid during its propagation along the jet. The plasmoids at the footpoint (FPs) (1.0–2.5 MK) and plasmoids at the spire (SPs) (1.0–2.24 MK) were found to have similar peak temperatures, whereas the FPs have higher DEM weighted temperatures (2.2–5.7 MK) than the SPs (1.3–3.0 MK). A lower limit to the electron number densities of plasmoids – SPs (FPs) were obtained that ranged between 3.4–6.1 × 108 (3.3–5.9 × 108) cm−3 whereas for the spire, it ranged from 2.6–3.2 × 108 cm−3. Our analysis shows that the emission of these plasmoids starts close to the base of the jet(s), where we believe that a strong current interface is formed. This suggests that the blobs are plasmoids induced by a tearing-mode instability.
Diffstar: a fully parametric physical model for galaxy assembly history
Authors: Alarcon Alex , Hearin Andrew P , Becker Matthew R , Chaves-Montero Jonás 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present Diffstar , a smooth parametric model for the in situ star formation history (SFH) of galaxies. The Diffstar model is distinct from traditional SFH models because it is parametrized directly in terms of basic features of galaxy formation physics. Diffstar includes ingredients for: the halo mass assembly history; the accretion of gas into the dark matter halo; the fraction of gas that is eventually transformed into stars, ϵms; the time-scale over which this transformation occurs, τcons; and the possibility that some galaxies will experience a quenching event at time tq, and may subsequently experience rejuvenated star formation. We show that our model is sufficiently flexible to describe the average stellar mass histories of galaxies in both the IllustrisTNG (TNG) and UniverseMachine (UM) simulations with an accuracy of ∼0.1 dex across most of cosmic time. We use Diffstar to compare TNG to UM in common physical terms, finding that: (i) star formation in UM is less efficient and burstier relative to TNG; (ii) UM galaxies have longer gas consumption time-scales, relative to TNG; (iii) rejuvenated star formation is ubiquitous in UM, whereas quenched TNG galaxies rarely experience sustained rejuvenation; and (iv) in both simulations, the distributions of ϵms, τcons, and tq share a common characteristic dependence upon halo mass, and present significant correlations with halo assembly history. We conclude with a discussion of how Diffstar can be used in future applications to fit the SEDs of individual observed galaxies, as well as in forward-modelling applications that populate cosmological simulations with synthetic galaxies.
Opacity calculations in four to nine times ionized Pr, Nd, and Pm atoms for the spectral analysis of kilonovae
Authors: Carvajal Gallego H , Deprince J , Berengut J C , Palmeri P , Quinet P 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
New atomic data for radiative transitions in Pr V–X, Nd V–X, and Pm V–X were determined by means of large-scale calculations involving three independent theoretical methods, i.e. the pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock method including core-polarization corrections (HFR+CPOL), the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) method, and the configuration interaction many-body perturbation theory (CI + MBPT) implemented in the ambit program. This multiplatform approach allowed us to estimate the reliability of the results obtained and to extract a large amount of energy levels, wavelengths, transition probabilities, and oscillator strengths for the determination of opacities required for the analysis of the spectra emitted in the early phases of kilonovae following neutron star mergers, i.e. for typical conditions corresponding to temperatures T &gt; 20 000 K, a density ρ = 10−10 g cm−3, and a time after the merger t = 0.1 d. Our radiative parameters were compared in detail with the few experimental data published so far and their impact on the calculated opacities, in terms of atomic computation strategy, was also examined.
Multiple gas phases in supernova remnant IC 443: mapping shocked H2 with VLT/KMOS
Authors: Deng Yunwei , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Zhou Ping , Wang Junzhi , Fang Min , Lin Lingrui , Bian Fuyan , Chen Zhiwei , Shi Yong , Chen Guoyin , Li Hui 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Supernovae and their remnants provide energetic feedback to the ambient interstellar medium (ISM), which is often distributed in multiple gas phases. Among them, warm molecular hydrogen (H2) often dominates the cooling of the shocked molecular ISM, which has been observed with the H2 emission lines at near-infrared wavelengths. Such studies, however, were either limited in narrow filter imaging or sparsely sampled mid-infrared spectroscopic observations with relatively poor angular resolutions. Here we present near-infrared (H and K bands) spectroscopic mosaic observations towards the A, B, C, and G regions of the supernova remnant (SNR) IC 443, with the K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (KMOS) onboard the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We detected 20 rotational–vibrational transitions of H2, one H line (Brγ), and two [Fe ii] lines, which dominate broad-band images at both H and K bands. The spatial distribution of H2 lines at all regions is clumpy on scales from ∼0.1 down to ∼0.008 pc. The fitted excitation temperature of H2 is between 1500 and 2500 K, indicating warm shocked gas in these regions. The multigas phase comparison shows stratified shock structures in all regions, which explains the coexistence of multiple types of shocks in the same regions. Lastly, we verify the candidates of young stellar objects previously identified in these regions with our spectroscopic data, and find none of them are associated with young stars. This sets challenges to the previously proposed scenario of triggered star formation by SNR shocks in IC 443.
Precise near-infrared photometry, accounting for precipitable water vapour at SPECULOOS Southern Observatory
Authors: Pedersen Peter P , Murray C A , Queloz D , Gillon M , Demory B O , Triaud A H M J , de Wit J , Delrez L , Dransfield G , Ducrot E , Garcia L J , Gómez Maqueo Chew Y , Günther M N , Jehin E , McCormac J , Niraula P , Pozuelos F J , Rackham B V , Schanche N , Sebastian D , Thompson S J , Timmermans M , Wells R 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe variability induced by precipitable water vapour (PWV) can heavily affect the accuracy of time-series photometric measurements gathered from the ground, especially in the near-infrared. We present here a novel method of modelling and mitigating this variability, as well as open-sourcing the developed tool – Umbrella. In this study, we evaluate the extent to which the photometry in three common bandpasses (r′, i′, z′), and SPECULOOS’ primary bandpass (I + z′), are photometrically affected by PWV variability. In this selection of bandpasses, the I + z′ bandpass was found to be most sensitive to PWV variability, followed by z′, i′, and r′. The correction was evaluated on global light curves of nearby late M- and L-type stars observed by SPECULOOS’ Southern Observatory (SSO) with the I + z′ bandpass, using PWV measurements from the LHATPRO and local temperature/humidity sensors. A median reduction in RMS of 1.1 per cent was observed for variability shorter than the expected transit duration for SSO’s targets. On timescales longer than the expected transit duration, where long-term variability may be induced, a median reduction in RMS of 53.8 per cent was observed for the same method of correction.
Analgesic Efficacy of Quadratus Lumborum Block in Patients Undergoing Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Jinxu , Chu Tiantian , Sun Rao , Xu Aijun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of quadratus lumborum block (QLB) in adults undergoing nephrectomy.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patients
Adult patients (≥18 years of age) received nephrectomy under general anesthesia.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science on January 10, 2022, including randomized controlled trials that evaluated the analgesic efficacy of QLB for patients undergoing nephrectomy.

Results
A total of 12 randomized controlled trials (N = 821 patients) were included in the study. Compared with the non-block, single-shot QLB reduced postoperative opioid consumption (mean difference [MD], −8.37 mg intravenous morphine equivalent; 95% confidence interval [CI], −12.19 to −4.54 mg) and pain scores at 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours at rest and during movement after nephrectomy. Single-shot QLB also prolonged the time to first analgesic request (MD, 6.44 hours; 95% CI, 2.23 to 10.65 hours), shortened the length of hospital stay (MD, −0.32 day; 95% CI, −0.55 to −0.09 day), and decreased the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (risk ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.65). Compared with continuous epidural anesthesia, repeated QLB could provide comparable postoperative analgesic benefits.

Conclusions
Single-shot QLB provided a statistically significant but clinically small improvement in postoperative analgesia and recovery for patients undergoing nephrectomy. The QLB would be beneficial as part of multimodal analgesia. Future research might need to determine which approach of QLB is superior for postoperative analgesia after nephrectomy.
Graph zeta functions and Wilson loops in a Kazakov–Migdal model
Authors: Matsuura So , Ohta Kazutoshi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider an extended Kazakov–Migdal model defined on an arbitrary graph. The partition function of the model, which is expressed as the summation of all Wilson loops on the graph, turns out to be represented by the Bartholdi zeta function weighted by unitary matrices on the edges of the graph. The partition function on the cycle graph at finite N is expressed by the generating function of the generalized Catalan numbers. The partition function on an arbitrary graph can be exactly evaluated at large N, which is expressed as an infinite product of a kind of deformed Ihara zeta function. The non-zero-area Wilson loops do not contribute to the leading part of the 1/N expansion of the free energy but to the next leading. The semi-circle distribution of the eigenvalues of the scalar fields is still an exact solution of the model at large N on an arbitrary regular graph, but it reflects only zero-area Wilson loops.
The effect of corn silage hybrid and inclusion on performance of finishing steers and silage hybrid effects on digestibility and performance of growing steers
Authors: Hilscher F Henry , Bittner Curt J , Gramkow Jana L , Jolly-Breithaupt Melissa L , Norman Mitch M , Wilson Hannah C , Watson Andrea K , MacDonald James C , Anderson John N , Erickson Galen E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Three experiments evaluated the effects of three corn silage hybrids, inclusion, and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing diets. The three hybrids tested included a control (CON), a hybrid containing a brown midrib (bm3) trait (BM3), and an experimental bm3 hybrid with the soft endosperm trait (BM3-SOFT). Experiment 1 utilized 360 crossbred steers (body weight [BW] = 334; SD = 25 kg) to evaluate inclusion of silage in a finishing diet at (15% or 45% of diet dry matter [DM]) and silage hybrid (CON, BM3, or BM3-SOFT). Experiment 2 and 3 utilized 216 crossbred steers (BW = 324; SD = 10 kg) and six ruminally fistulated steers (BW = 274; SD = 27 kg), respectively, to evaluate effects of either CON, BM3, or BM3-SOFT silage hybrids on performance and nutrient digestibility in growing diets. In Exp. 1, there was a silage inclusion × hybrid interaction for average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F). All treatments with 15% silage had greater (P ≤ 0.04) ADG and G:F compared with 45% silage. Cattle fed BM3-SOFT had greater ADG and G:F than cattle fed CON or BM3 when silage was included at 15% of the diet. When silage was fed at 45% of the diet DM, ADG did not differ between cattle fed either bm3 hybrid. Cattle fed BM3 had the greatest G:F (P &lt; 0.01), with no difference between BM3-SOFT and CON. At 15% silage inclusion, hot carcass weight (HCW) was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for cattle fed BM3-SOFT compared with cattle fed CON and BM3 but did not differ between cattle fed BM3 and CON. At 45% silage inclusion, steers fed either bm3 hybrid did not differ in HCW but were both heavier (P &lt; 0.01) compared with cattle fed CON. In Exp. 2, ending BW, dry matter intake (DMI), and ADG were greater (P &lt; 0.01) for steers fed either bm3 hybrid compared to steers fed the CON, but not different between steers fed the bm3 hybrids. There were no differences (P = 0.26) in G:F between the silage hybrids. In Exp. 3, steers fed either bm3 had greater (P &lt; 0.01) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility than steers fed the CON. Ruminal pH was lower (P &lt; 0.01), and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for steers fed bm3 hybrids compared to steers fed CON. Feeding silage with the bm3 trait improved fiber digestibility, which increased DMI and subsequent ADG in high-forage growing diets. Feeding corn silage with the bm3 trait improved performance compared to non-bm3 corn silage when included above typical roughage concentration.
Effects of Swaddling During Bottle Feeding in Preterm Infants
Authors: Smith Allison P. , Sweeney Jane K. , Ross Erin Sundseth , Blackburn Susan 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Preterm infants have immature oral feeding skills, affecting length of hospital stay and long-term feeding outcomes. Swaddling has positive effects on pain and stress responses, state regulation, and physiological stability in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Swaddling during bottle feeding may support preterm infant behavioral organization and oral feeding skills. Swaddling is used inconsistently during feeding in the NICU and has not been critically examined for effects on bottle feeding performance in preterm infants.

Purpose:
To examine the effects of swaddling on bottle feeding quality and efficiency in preterm infants.

Methods:
A convenience sample of 30 infants born before 34 weeks of gestation was selected in an urban level IV NICU. Using an experimental, randomized crossover design, each infant was swaddled for one feeding and unswaddled for one feeding. Feeding efficiency was measured by rate and volume consumed. Feeding quality was examined by the Early Feeding Skills Assessment and frequency of physiological changes. Data were analyzed using dependent t tests and Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results:
When swaddled, participants demonstrated significantly better scores on all related subtests of the Early Feeding Skills Assessment (P ≤ .001). Infants demonstrated no difference in frequency of bradycardia or oxygen desaturations greater than 4 seconds. No significant differences were found in feeding efficiency outcomes.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Swaddling can be used in the NICU to improve bottle feeding quality in preterm infants. Future investigation is needed on long-term effects of swaddling during bottle feeding on feeding performance, weight gain, and length of stay.
Role of Pharmacogenomics in the Efficacy and Safety of Thiopurines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Gutiérrez-Valencia Marta , Leache Leire , Saiz Luis Carlos , Beloqui Juan J. , Barajas Miguel , Vicuña Miren , Erviti Juan 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Thiopurines’ toxicity often leads to dose reduction or discontinuation. This systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence on the effect of genotype-based dosing of thiopurines on treatment efficacy and safety in inflammatory bowel disease (objective #1), and the association between genotype status and the efficacy and safety profile (objective #2).

Methods:
The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched in August 2021. A total of 80 studies (19,859 individuals) were included. Meta-analyses for mortality, different types of adverse events (AEs), withdrawal due to AE, change in disease activity and clinical remission were performed following mainly a fixed-effects model. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020148130.

Results:
Genotype-based dosing was associated to a significantly lower incidence of hematologic AEs (risk ratio=0.71; 95% CI: 0.56-0.90; I
2: 47%; 4 randomized controlled trials; moderate quality), which may be attributable to nudix hydrolase 15 (NUDT15) testing more than to thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genotyping. No differences were found in other outcomes. Mutations in TPMT and NUDT15 genes were associated to a higher probability of serious AEs [odds ratio (OR) TPMT=4.98; OR NUDT15=11.44], hematologic AEs (OR TPMT=3.18), and serious hematologic AEs (OR TPMT=7.88; OR NUDT15=12.83). TPMT was also associated with a higher risk of withdrawals due to AEs (OR=3.38), and NUDT15 with gastrointestinal AEs (OR=2.04). Mutations in the ITPA gene did not lead to significant differences. Evidence of an association between other genes and clinical outcomes is still scarce.

Conclusions:
Mutations in TPMT and NUDT15 genes predispose patients to suffer thiopurine-induced toxicity, and genotype-guided treatment has been shown to contribute to the prevention of thiopurine-induced toxicity, especially in the case of NUDT15 in Asians.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence among industrial livestock operation workers and nearby community residents, North Carolina, USA, 2021-2022
Authors: Gigot Carolyn , Pisanic Nora , Kruczynski Kate , Rivera Magdielis Gregory , Spicer Kristoffer , Kurowski Kathleen M. , Randad Pranay , Koehler Kirsten , Clarke William A. , Holmes Phyla , Hall DJ , Hall Devon , Heaney Christopher D. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTIndustrial livestock operations (ILOs), particularly processing facilities, emerged as centers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in spring 2020. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 underestimate true prevalence. To investigate prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, we enrolled 279 participants in North Carolina from February 2021 to July 2022: 90 from households with at least one ILO worker (ILO), 97 from high-ILO intensity areas (ILO neighbors – ILON), and 92 from metropolitan areas (Metro). Participants provided a saliva swab we analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 IgG using a multiplex immunoassay. Prevalence of infection-induced IgG (positive for nucleocapsid and receptor binding domain) was higher among ILO (63%) compared to ILON (42.9%) and Metro (48.7%) participants (prevalence ratio [PR] =1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.80; ref. ILON and Metro combined). Prevalence of infection-induced IgG was also higher among ILO participants compared to an Atlanta healthcare worker cohort (PR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.8, 3.3) and a general population cohort in North Carolina (PRs 6.37-10.67). Infection-induced IgG prevalence increased over the study period. Participants reporting not masking in public in the past two weeks had higher infection-induced IgG prevalence (78.6%) compared to participants reporting masking (49.3%) (PR=1.59; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.13). Lower education, more people per bedroom, Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, and more contact with people outside the home were also associated with higher infection-induced IgG prevalence. Similar proportions of ILO (51.6%), ILON (48.4%), and Metro (55.4%) participants completed the COVID-19 primary vaccination series; median completion was more than four months later for ILO compared to ILON and Metro participants.ImportanceFew studies have measured COVID-19 seroprevalence in North Carolina, especially among rural, Black, and Hispanic/Latino communities that have been heavily affected. Antibody results show high rates of COVID-19 among industrial livestock operation workers and their household members. Antibody results add to evidence of health disparities in COVID-19 by socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Associations between masking and physical distancing with antibody results also add to evidence of the effectiveness of these prevention strategies. Delays in the timing of receipt of COVID-19 vaccination reinforce the importance of dismantling vaccination barriers, especially for industrial livestock operation workers and their household members.
Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from human plasma samples: The importance of controls
Authors: Tsamchoe Migmar , Petrillo Stephanie , Metrakos Peter , Lazaris Anthoula 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere are a number of methods for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EV) which include the traditional ultracentrifugation to column-based kits available from different companies. Isolation of EVs from complex fluids, such as blood, has several challenges as the detection of low abundance molecules can easily be masked by more abundant proteins, when performing mass spectrometry. For this reason, several commercially available kits contain Thromboplastin D (TP-D) to promote clotting, thus removing clotting factors and abundant proteins resulting in increased detection of proteins. Our study demonstrates that plasma pretreated with Rabbit brain derived TP-D (the most common additive), generated a dynamic range of proteins compared to plasma alone, however, most of these proteins were contaminants introduced from the TP-D (99.1% purity). As an alternative, we tested recombinant TP and demonstrated that although it did not introduce any significant contaminants, we did not see any difference in the detection of proteins. Thus TP-D is not required, and any protein additives must be carefully screened.