bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fogarty Catheter
Authors: Nandan Ruchira , Bajpai Minu , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Goel Prabudh 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
The extraction of smooth spherical objects is challenging as they are difficult to grasp within the jaws of the forceps and tend to slip distally.

Objective:
The authors herein have shared their experience with the use of a Fogarty catheter (FC) for safe extraction of smooth and spherical “foreign body (FB) with a hole.”

Materials and Methods:
Report on pediatric cases (n = 4) of airway “FB with a hole” wherein the FC was used for their extraction. Mean age was 27.5 months (range: 17 months–39 months). The male: female ratio was 3:1. The technique of FB extraction with a FC has been described, including the principle of the technique, indications, and contra-indications, technical problems and troubleshooting.

Results:
The FB spectrum included a necklace bead (n = 2), nonnecklace bead (n = 1) and a fragmented end-piece of the housing of a ball-pen (n = 1). The locations of the FBs were right main bronchus (n = 1), secondary bronchus on the right (n = 1), and in the left main bronchus (n = 2). Successful removal of FB with use of FC during rigid broncoscopy was possible. The bead had to be rotated in n = 2 patients to align the hole with the FC. Problems associated with threading the hole and disimpaction of the FB have been highlighted. No complications were observed. The advantages and limitation of the technique have been discussed.

Conclusions:
The use of FC with the described technique offers a safe, effective and reproducible method for removal of airway “FB with a hole” in a controlled environment while minimizing the possibility of iatrogenic injury to the wall of the surrounding airways.
A 10-Year Study of the Outcome of Wilms' Tumor in Central India and Identifying Practice Gaps
Authors: Agrawal Vikesh , Mishra Arpan , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Dhananjaya , Acharya Himanshu , Mishra Aradhna , Agrawal Rekha , Chanchlani Roshan 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
Despite remarkable improvement in Wilms' tumor (WT) survival in Western world, sub-optimal outcome in resource-constrained settings is influenced by late presentation, larger size, and poor access to treatment. This prompted us to study the outcome at a tertiary care center and to identify the global and local practice gaps.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective, observational study of WT was conducted from October 2009 to September 2019 at a tertiary care setting. Following the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group protocol, an upfront nephrectomy (unilateral resectable tumors) and preoperative chemotherapy (large/unresectable Stage I–III) were followed. The records were reviewed for demographics, stage, preoperative chemotherapy, predictive factors, and outcome. Survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan–Meier method, and analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 16.

Results:
One hundred and fifty-six children were included, median age was 4.1 years, with a male predominance. The most common stages of the presentation were II (40.4%) and III (34.6%). An upfront surgery was done in 27.6%, while remaining received preoperative chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 22 months, and the events included relapse in 46 (29.48%) and death in 54 (34.61%). The mean survival time was 45.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 41.08–50.30). The 2-year overall survival was 65.38% (95% CI, 59–73), and the 2-year event-free survival was 36% (95% CI, 32–41). On comparison of the impact of preoperative chemotherapy, the survival estimates in Stages I–III and relapse rate were statistically similar, tumor size reduced significantly, and tumor spill was significantly lower (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
WT is associated with late presentation, sub-optimal survival, and higher relapse in our setting associated with practice gaps related to the management including practice violations.
Primary hydatid cyst of the left-sided colon presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding; an extremely rare location of extrahepatic hydatid disease
Authors: Kafadar MT 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Hydatid cyst is an endemic disease especially in underdeveloped and developing countries, affecting mostly the liver and lungs. However, a wide range of unusual anatomical sites in the abdomen have been reported, including the spleen, pancreas, kidney, and ovaries as well as dissemination within the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The location of hydatid disease in the colon is very infrequent, and very few cases have been presented so far. The hydatid cysts located in other sites are mostly due to rupture or extrusion of primary liver or splenic cysts. In this article, we present a case of primary left-sided colon hydatid cyst, resected laparoscopically with the affected intestinal segment. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst was made by macroscopic and microscopic examinations.
Comparative analysis of growth factors and chemokine secretions between conventional lingual and labial fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Baeshen Hosam Ali 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Orthodontic appliances elicit the secretions of some cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors which further have some significances in the remodeling of periodontium tissues. The significant differential forces applied on the periodontium by different types of orthodontic appliances. The secretion of these factors is indirectly responsible for the proper resorption of bones of the periodontal region through molecular signaling, which further supports to facilitate organized movement of the teeth. Objective: In the present study, we carried out the assessment and comparative analysis of the growth factors and chemokines present in the saliva samples of the human subjects of orthodontic treatment with two different treatment modalities: conventional lingual and labial fixed orthodontic appliances.

Materials and Methods:
Total 40 saliva samples were collected of which 20 subjects were treated with the conventional lingual appliances and 20 subjects with the labial fixed appliances. All the salivary samples were acquired from the subjects after 21 days treatment. Cytometric bead array was performed to assess the growth factors and chemokines in the saliva on the flow cytometer.

Results:
No significant differences were seen in the growth factor secretion in the saliva of both types of subjects. The same trend was observed for the chemokine secretion in the saliva except CXCL8, CCL11, CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL9.

Conclusion:
The similarity in chemokine and growth factor profile between labial and lingual fixed orthodontic appliances indicates that their molecular mechanisms and overall effect on the periodontium are analogous.
The effect of dental anxiety on surgical time of mandibular third molar disimpaction
Authors: Suleiman AR , Efunkoya AA , Omeje KU , Amole IO 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental treatment of anxious patients induces stress due to the patients' expectation of pain. This may prolong treatment due to such patients' inability to cooperate during treatment.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dental anxiety on surgical time of mandibular third molar (M3) disimpactions at a Nigerian hospital.

Subjects and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted at the Oral Surgery clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, between October 2016 and September 2017 to assess the effect of dental anxiety on surgical time of M3 disimpactions using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). The Patients' biodata, clinical and M3 radiologic data were recorded. Surgical durations were also recorded. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows (IBM statistics 23 software).

Results:
One hundred and sixteen subjects (64 males, 52 females) were studied. Forty-two subjects (36.2%) were mildly anxious, 67 (57.8%) were moderately anxious, and 7 (6.0%) were highly anxious. The females were more anxious and the overall surgical time (OST) of disimpaction correlated with the anxiety levels of the subjects. The OST increased by approximately 0.8 min with every unit rise in the anxiety score. Other factors that affected OST in the study were M3 depth, type of impaction, and root curvature.

Conclusion:
The patients' dental anxiety increased the surgical time of M3 disimpactions. Clinicians should consider the patients' anxiety among the factors that affect the surgical time of M3 disimpactions. Verbally soothing anxious patients and administering anxiolytic when necessary, may help to reduce the patients' anxiety, and hence, prevent surgical time prolongation.
A comparison of central corneal thickness measured using noncontact methods and ultrasonic pachymetry
Authors: Toptan M , Şimşek A 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this study is to compare central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements in healthy eyes using ultrasonic pachymetry (UP) with values obtained using anterior segment spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), the Scheimpflug camera system, and noncontact specular microscopy.

Material and Methods:
One hundred and twenty-five eyes of 117 healthy individuals (56 women, 61 men) were included. All patients underwent consecutive CCT measurement with UP, the Scheimpflug camera, anterior segment SD-OCT, and specular microscopy. The four devices could be read. Measurements from the four devices were classified in pairs and compared using the paired t-test. Relations between the devices were analyzed using the Pearson test. An alpha error level of P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Results:
The mean age of the healthy individuals included in the study was 34.75 ± 14.55 years (20–76). Mean CCT values were 541.21 ± 29.24 μm with UP, 539.26 ± 29.27 μm with the Scheimpflug camera system, 532.21 ± 29.53 μm with SD-OCT, and 534.45 ± 29.20 μm with specular microscopy. The differences in measurements at the paired t-test were statistically significant (P < 0.001 for all). However, measurements using the four devices exhibited significant mutual correlation (P < 0.001 for all).

Conclusions:
CCT can be measured using different devices. Noncontact methods have now begun replacing UP, regarded as the gold standard. Although CCT values obtained from different devices were correlated, the difference between these measurements was statistically significant. Therefore, the same device should be used for measurement in the diagnosis and follow-up of diseases such as corneal ectasia and glaucoma where corneal thickness is important.
The effects of polymerization mode and layer thickness on monomer released from bulk fill composite resins
Authors: Cender E Uslu , Guler C , Odabasi D 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Residual monomers released from composite resins have cytotoxic, mutagenic, and estrogenic effects. Mode of polymerization and application thickness are important for monomer release.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different modes of a third-generation light-curing unit (LCU) and layer thickness on residual monomer released from two different bulk-fill composite resins. A total of 80 samples were prepared for each bulk-fill composite using a mold. Each bulk-fill composite was divided into four groups according to polymerization mode (standard and extra power) and layer thickness (2 and 4 mm). In addition, four groups were divided into four subgroups according to time periods (1 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days).

Methods and Material:
The samples were polymerized with VALO LED device. The amount of residual monomer was measured with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). All statistical analyses were processed using SPSS Version 23.0. The normal distribution of data was confirmed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov Normal Distribution Test and Shapiro-Wilk Normal Distribution Test. When the distribution was normal, parametric tests, Student's t test and one-way ANOVA, were used. When the distribution was not normal, non-parametric tests, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis testwere used.

Results:
It was found that the standard mode of LCU produced lower amounts of TEGDMA, Bis-GMA, and UDMA in both composite materials. In addition, when the layer thickness increased, TEGDMA, Bis-GMA, and UDMA releases increased, too.

Conclusions:
This study revealed that the amount of residual monomers released from bulk-fill composites was affected by layer thickness and polymerization time.
Evaluation of partial pulpotomy treatment in cariously exposed immature permanent molars
Authors: Uyar D Sakaryalı , Alaçam A 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
This study aimed to assess the outcomes of partial pulpotomy treatments using different biocompatible materials which were Biodentine®, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium hydroxide (CH) in cariously exposed pulp tissue in immature permanent molars.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-four teeth of 50 patients, which had cariously pulp exposures were randomly divided into Biodentine®, MTA, and CH groups for partial pulpotomy treatments and finally restored with stainless steel crowns at the same appointment. Clinical and radiographical success was evaluated by the absence of any clinical and radiographical signs and symptoms for 12 months. Also, Image J was used for the quantitative assessment of length developments for mesial and distal roots. P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Partial pulpotomy treatments showed high overall success rate (87%). On the other hand, Biodentine and MTA showed higher success rates compared to CH without any statistical significance (P = 0.09). Besides, mesial and distal root lengths displayed a continuous and significant increase in each group at sixth month follow-up (P = 0.01; P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Favorable results demonstrated that Biodentine, MTA, and CH might be recommended as suitable agents for partial pulpotomy treatment in cariously exposed immature molars with clinical diagnosis of normal pulp or reversible pulpitis.
PEMBEKALAN DAN PELATIHAN SISWA SMA PLUS PENYABUNGAN MANDAILING NATAL UNTUK MENGHADAPI KOMPETISI SAINS NASIONAL (KSN) KIMIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ATM (AMATI, TIRU, MODIFIKASI)
Authors: Siregar Efrizal , Sinambela Yusnia 
Published: January 2022

Kompetisi Sains Nasional (KSN) adalah sebuah ajang kompetisi sains yang dilaksanakan oleh Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. KSN yang dilaksanakan pada tingkat SMA ini adalah bidang Kimia yang terintegrasi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas mutu pendidikan dengan mengembangkan secara konprehensif melalui penumbuhkembangan semangat belajar, kreatifitas dan motivasi untuk meraih prestasi. Untuk itu agar dapat mencapai salah satu tujuan KSN yaitu motivasi untuk mencapai prestasi maka sangat diperlukan persiapan dalam menghadapi KSN tersebut. Persiapan yang perlu dilakukan adalah dengan membekali para peserta dengan kemampuan yang baik dalam penguasaan materi dalam hal ini bidang Kimia. Metode pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah model pembelajaran ATM yaitu amati, tiru, dan modifikasi. Tujuan dari pelaksanaan Pembekalan dan Pelatihan dalam menghadapi KSN ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan dan meningkatkan penguasaan materi sehingga siswa siswi khususnya SMA Plus Penyabungan lebih siap dalam mengikuti KSN. KSN yang akan dilaksanakan diharapkan SMA Plus Penyabungan dapat mengirimkan wakilnya ke-Tingkat Nasional dan dapat membawa nama baik SMA Plus Penyabungan secara khusus dan nama baik Sumatera Utara secara Umum.
PEMBERITAAN KABAR BAIK MELALUI RADIO KHARISMA BANDUNG
Authors: Hermanto Yanto Paulus 
Published: January 2022

Panggilan pemberitaan kabar baik merupakan hal yang mendesak supaya masalah terbesar manusia yaitu dosa dapat teratasi. Alkitab mulai dengan menjelaskan keadaan manusia yang tragis, suatu keadaan yang hanya dapat terjawab oleh Injil. Melalui Injil dosa manusia dapat terselesaikan dan manusia dapat kembali berdamai dengan Allah. Pemberitaan Injil harus dilakukan karena merupakan keinginan Allah agar semua manusia berdosa dapat diselamatkan dari hukuman kekal. STT Kharisma untuk memenuhi tujuan tersebut bekerja sama dengan radio kharisma. Dan berkomitmen untuk memberitakan kabar baik setiap minggunya kepada para pendengar radio Kharisma 828 AM. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyampaikan berita kabar baik ini dengan cara ceramah, dan diskusi interaktif baik dengan pendengar radio kharisma maupun dengan nara sumber lain. Tentu sasarannya adalah agar para pendengar radio kharisma dapat bertumbuh secara rohani. Tata laksana pemberitaan kabar baik direncanakan sedemikian rupa supaya terstruktur dan sistematis sehingga mudah dimengerti dan dipahami. Dan akhirnya para penerima pesan (pendengar radio kharisma) dapat mengenal Tuhan Yesus dan bertumbuh secara rohani.
Importance of statistical thinking in engineering and its relation to complex and creative thinking with complex and creative thinking
Authors: Gonzalez lugo Luis Jose 
Published: January 2022

Scientific essay.
References
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[2]V. S. Pugachev and I. N. Sinitsyn, Stochastic Systems, Theory and Applications, 2002.
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[7]R. Corcho, Galileo y el método científico, NATGEO CIENCIAS, 2018.
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INFLUENCE OF TYPE OF UNIVERSITY ON STUDENTS’ INTERNET INSIGHT AS AN ACADEMIC RESOURCE TOOL IN KENYAN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Obulinji Musamia , Korir Ruto , Kiaritha Njeri , Mulambula Shikuku 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to find out the impact of type of university on the insight students have about the internet as a learning tool in universities based in Kenya.
Methodology: Quantitative research approach was undertaken. An ex post facto research survey design was adopted. The researcher used a representative sample of 435 (Moi University) and 175 (Daystar University)adding up to 610 Third year student teachers of the academic year 2015/2016 drawn from School of Education in the two universities. Stratified sampling was used to categorize students by gender from each stratum; participants were chosen randomly. Questionnaires were used as instruments of data collection. Content validity was established by use of expert judgment in the school of education. Test re-test method was used to establish the reliability of instruments of data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis. The inferential statistics used was mean, data frequencies and percentages. Several tests were used to test the hypothesis, that is, Post hoc, Chi square and Analysis of variance.
Results: The study findings indicated no significant relationship between university type and internet knowledge, perceived internet ease of use and internet self-efficacy.
Unique contribution to practice, theory, and strategy: The outcome of the study is useful in designing educational programs in Kenyan institutions of higher learning and also, creates an avenue to link the knowledge gap in digital divide research field, to be used later for technology acceptance studies.
Tension-Free Inguinal Hernia Repair in Local Anaesthesia versus Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Kale Rajesh , Anil D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background: Inguinal hernia is a common presentation in surgical clinics. In the past, the hernia surgeries were done under general and spinal anesthesia. Recently local anesthesia is being increasingly used due to the increased efficacy of local anesthetics and economic reasons. We in the current study tried to evaluate the effectiveness of Lichtenstein repair under local anesthesia and spinal anesthesia and the overall outcomes of both methods.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Naganoor, Karimnagar. Successive cases of uncomplicated inguinal hernia were selected for the study. A total of n=60 cases randomly allotted in two groups The LA group and SA group were taken and studied. Post-operatively VAS scale was used to evaluate pain, other postoperative complications such as testicular swelling and pain, urinary retention, nausea/vomiting, postural hypotension, and wound infections were recorded.

Results
: The age of the patient varied from 20 to 80 years with the highest prevalence noted in the age group of 41 to 60 years. The Mean age of presentation is 51.3 years. The anatomical location and type of hernia are given in table 1. 60.9% of inguinal hernia in this study was an indirect type, 30.4% was direct, 6.5% was pantaloons type and 2.2% was Ogilvie's hernia. Out of 74 patients, 62.1% had a right-sided inguinal hernia compared to the left side which accounted for 37.8%. Complication records showed N=9(23.7%) of the SA group and n=8(22.2%) LA group developed scrotal edema and in total n=17(23%) developed scrotal edema. N=7(18.4%) patients in the SA group and n=7(19.4%) in the LA group developed seroma and in total patients, n=14(18.9%) developed seroma.

Conclusion: Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty done under local anesthesia is with less immediate postoperative complications, also the best suitable for patients with medical comorbidities and those who are on antiplatelet therapy where spinal anesthesia is contraindicated.