bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new fistula risk score using sarcopenic obesity and subcutaneous fat area for predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Hayashi Hikaru , Shimizu Akira , Kubota Koji , Notake Tsuyoshi , Masuo Hitoshi , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Hosoda Kiyotaka , Sakai Hiroki , Ikehara Tomohiko , Soejima Yuji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposePostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a serious complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy and current predictors of POPF are inadequate. We developed a new fistula score to more accurately predict POPF.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 169 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 2010 and August 2021 at our institution and examined patients' risk factors according to the occurrence of grade B/C POPF. Muscle and fat were assessed on preoperative computed tomography images and cutoff values were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsGrade B/C POPF occurred in 38 (22.5%) patients. Multivariate analysis of patients' risk factors revealed that sarcopenic obesity (odds ratio [OR] 2.94; p = .033), L3 subcutaneous fat area (SFA) ≥ 98.0 cm2 (OR 2.69; p = .049), and soft pancreatic texture (OR 27.5; p = .002) were independent risk factors of grade B/C POPF occurrence. In addition, a new fistula risk score based on these factors revealed that 63.6% of patients with high scores developed grade B/C POPF, while those with negligible or low scores did not.ConclusionsA new fistula risk scoring system based on sarcopenic obesity, SFA, and pancreatic texture may accurately predict POFP.
Comparative Analysis of a Locally Resampling MR Elastography Reconstruction Algorithm in Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Pagé Gwenaël , Julea Felicia , Paradis Valérie , Vilgrain Valérie , Valla Dominique , Van Beers Bernard E. , Garteiser Philippe 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundIn magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), the precision of the observed mechanical depends on the ratio between mechanical wavelength and spatial resolution. Since the mechanical wavelength may vary with actuation frequency, between patients and depending on position, a unique spatial resolution may not always generate an optimal ratio for multifrequency acquisitions, in patients with varying degrees of disease or in mechanically heterogeneous organs.PurposeTo describe an MRE reconstruction algorithm that adjusts the ratio between shear wavelength and pixel size, by locally resampling the matrix of shear displacement, and to assess its performance relative to existing reconstructions in different use cases.Study TypeProspective.PopulationFour phantoms, 20 healthy volunteers (5 men, median age 34, range 20–56) and 46 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (37 men, median age 63, range 33–83).Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T; gradient‐echo elastography sequence with 40 Hz, 60 Hz, and 80 Hz frequencies.AssessmentFor each algorithm, phantoms stiffness were compared against their nominal values, repeatability was calculated in healthy volunteers, and diagnostic performance in detecting advanced liver fibrosis was assessed in 46 patients.Statistical TestsLinear regression was used to evaluate the agreement between stiffness values and phantoms stiffnesses. Bland–Altman method was used to evaluate repeatability in volunteers. The ability to diagnose advanced fibrosis was assessed by receiver operating curve analysis (with Youden index thresholds). Significance was considered at P value of 0.05.ResultsFrom the linear regression, the slope closest to 1 is provided by MARS (40 Hz) and k‐MDEV (60H, 80 Hz). Repeatability index was best with MDEV (23%) and lowest with k‐MDEV (53%). The best performance in detecting advanced fibrosis was provided by MARS at 40 Hz (area under the operating curve, AUC = 0.88), k‐MDEV and MARS at 60 Hz (AUC = 0.91), and multimodel direct inversion (MMDI) and MARS at 80 Hz (AUC = 0.90).Data ConclusionMARS shows the best diagnostic performance to detect advanced fibrosis and the second‐best results in phantoms after k‐MDEV.Evidence Level1.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Nanostructured Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Multilayers for Advanced Nanophotonics
Authors: Munkhbat Battulga , Küçüköz Betül , Baranov Denis G. , Antosiewicz Tomasz J. , Shegai Timur O. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) attract significant attention due to their exceptional optical, excitonic, mechanical, and electronic properties. Nanostructured multilayer TMDs were recently shown to be highly promising for nanophotonic applications, as motivated by their exceptionally high refractive indices and optical anisotropy. Here, this vision is extended to more sophisticated structures, such as periodic arrays of nanodisks and nanoholes with ultra sharp walls, as well as proof‐of‐concept all‐TMD waveguides and resonators. Specific focus is given to various advanced nanofabrication strategies, including careful selection of resists for electron beam lithography and etching methods, especially for non‐conductiven but relevant for nanophotonic applications substrates, such as SiO2. The specific materials studied here include semiconducting WS2, in‐plane anisotropic ReS2, and metallic TaSe2, TaS2, and NbSe2. The resulting nanostructures can potentially impact several nanophotonic and optoelectronic areas, including high‐index nanophotonics, plasmonics and on‐chip optical circuits. The knowledge of TMD material‐dependent nanofabrication parameters developed here will help broaden the scope of future applications of all‐TMD nanophotonics.
Robust Polyion Complex Vesicles (PICsomes) Based on PEO‐b‐poly(amino acid) Copolymers Combining Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions: Formation, siRNA Loading and Intracellular Delivery
Authors: Aydinlioglu Esra , Abdelghani Mona , Le Fer Gaëlle , van Hest Jan C. M. , Sandre Olivier , Lecommandoux Sébastien 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo pairs of oppositely charged PEO‐b‐poly(amino acid) copolymers with neutral poly(ethylene oxide) block and polypeptide block composed of the hydrophobic l‐phenylalanine (Phe) amino acid mixed with either negative l‐glutamic acid (Glu) or positive l‐lysine (Lys) units are synthesized. N‐carboxyanhydride (NCA) ring opening polymerization is performed with either PEO46‐NH2 or PEO114‐NH2 macroinitiators, leading respectively to PEO46‐b‐P(Glu100‐co‐Phe65) and PEO46‐b‐P(Lys100‐co‐Phe65), and PEO114‐b‐P(Glu60‐co‐Phe40) and PEO114‐b‐P(Lys60‐co‐Phe40). Polyion complexes (PIC) formed at near charge equilibrium led to vesicle formation (PICsomes), as shown by DLS, zetametry, and TEM. The good stability of PICsomes, even in high salinity media, is interpreted by ππ stacking hydrophobic interactions between the Phe residues, playing the role of “physical cross‐linking”. These PICsomes are successfully loaded with small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) directed against firefly luciferase enzyme expression. They also exhibit minimal cell cytotoxicity while superior silencing efficacy is shown by cell bioluminescence assay as compared to free siRNA and a standard lipofectamine‐siRNA complex. As such, self‐assembly of oppositely charged PEO‐b‐poly(amino acids) block copolymers enables forming PICsomes of high stability thanks to ππ interactions of the Phe co‐monomer in the polypeptide block, with high potential as biocompatible nanocarriers for RNA interference.
Ion‐molecule reactions of mass‐selected ions
Authors: Parker Kevin , Bollis Nicholas E. , Ryzhov Victor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGas‐phase reactions of mass‐selected ions with neutrals covers a very broad area of fundamental and applied mass spectrometry (MS). Oftentimes, ion‐molecule reactions (IMR) can serve as a viable alternative to collision‐induced dissociation and other ion dissociation techniques when using tandem MS. This review focuses on the literature pertaining applications of IMR since 2013. During the past decade considerable efforts have been made in analytical applications of IMR, including advances in one of the major techniques for characterization of unsaturated fatty acids and lipids, ozone‐induced dissociation, and the development of a new technique for sequencing of large ions, hydrogen atom attachment/abstraction dissociation. Many advances have also been made in identifying gas‐phase chemistry specific to a functional group in organic and biological compounds, which are useful in structure elucidation of analytes and differentiation of isomers/isobars. With “soft” ionization techniques like electrospray ionization having become mainstream for quite some time now, the efforts in the area of metal ion catalysis have firmly moved into exploring chemistry of ligated metal complexes in their “natural” oxidation states allowing to model individual steps of mechanisms in homogeneous catalysis, especially in combination with high‐level DFT calculations. Finally, IMR continue to contribute to the body of knowledge in the area of chemistry of interstellar processes.
Bioanalytik: Mit Nanoröhren Botenstoffe detektieren
Authors: Hill Björn , Mohr Jennifer , Kruss Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUm Signalmoleküle zu beobachten, sind Methoden mit hoher zeitlicher und räumlicher Auflösung erforderlich. Als Bausteine für Sensoren eignen sich Kohlenstoffnanoröhren, die im nahen Infrarot fluoreszieren. Auf Gehirnzellen aufgebracht zeigen sie, wo und wann der Neurotransmitter Dopamin frei wird.
Taking command of continuity—An interview study with agency nurses
Authors: Djukanovic Ingrid , Fagerström Cecilia , Schildmeijer Kristina , Tuvesson Hanna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to describe continuity from the perspective of working as an agency nurse (AN).DesignQualitative design was applied using individual semi‐structured interviews.MethodIndividual interviews with fifteen registered nurses working at agency companies were conducted in 2020. The interviews were analyzed with thematic analysis. The study followed the guidelines addressed in the COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) framework.ResultsThematic analysis yielded one theme ‐ standing strong and taking command ‐ and four categories: being competent and experienced, being prepared and at ease, ensuring an unbroken chain of care, and belonging on my own terms. The categories illustrated the engagement, professionalism, and natural leadership showed by the ANs to uphold quality and continuity.
Correlation analysis of self‐directed learning ability, self‐efficacy and academic burnout of junior nursing college students in closed management colleges
Authors: Chen Zhi‐han , Ma Yuan‐yuan , Feng Xing‐hui , Lin Yan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsTo understand the status quo of self‐directed learning ability, self‐efficacy and academic burnout of junior nursing college students, since the closed management mode was implemented during COVID‐19 pandemic disease.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsParticipants came from 3,051 junior nursing college students of a college in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China. Data were collected by online questionnaire and analysed by SPSS25.0 (a statistical package for social science) and AMOS24.0 software.ResultsHigh self‐directed learning ability and self‐efficacy were related to low levels of academic burnout (p < .01). In addition, the analysis of mediation effect indicated that the influence of self‐directed learning ability on academic burnout was not mediated by self‐efficacy.
Need to study simplification of gastrointestinal medication regimen in cystic fibrosis in the era of highly effective modulators
Authors: Sathe Meghana , Moshiree Baha , Aliaj Enid , Lee MinJae , Hudson Jessica , Gifford Alex , Attel Susan , Gamel Breck , Freedman Steven D. , Schwarzenberg Sarah Jane , Freeman A. Jay 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe success of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) has led to consideration of simpler regimens for people with CF (PwCF) with opportunities to modify burdensome regimens. Despite the intuitive appeal of discontinuing chronic therapies no longer necessary, this process should be pursued systematically to ensure safety, adherence, and validate patient‐centered preferences. We designed a questionnaire to determine the state of use of acid‐suppressive medications (ASM) and pancreatic enzyme therapy (PERT), current self‐withdrawal and provider‐directed withdrawal practices, and interest in a standardized withdrawal study.MethodsIn collaboration with CF Foundation (CFF), a questionnaire was developed and distributed to members of Community Voice (CV, comprised of PwCF and their loved ones), and CF providers regarding the need to study simplifying the gastrointestinal (GI) regimen for PwCF on HEMT.ResultsApproximately 20‐40% of CV or CF providers have decreased or stopped ASM for those on HEMT. For PERT, CV and CF providers have decreased dose (34%–48% and approximately 25%, respectively) more often than having stopped it altogether (13%–24% and 3%–12%, respectively). Cumulatively, there is interest in pursuing research in this area (86% CV and 89% CF providers) and willingness to enroll in such a study (80% CV and 89% CF providers).ConclusionSystematically studying the withdrawal of common GI medications, ASM and PERT, is important to CV and CF providers. Decreases in dosing and withdrawal are already taking place without evidence to support this practice. This questionnaire is the first step in designing a GI medication simplification study in PwCF on HEMT.
An Autonomously Self‐Healing Silicone Polyurea Waterproof Coating for Combustible Cartridge Cases
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Xiao Zhenggang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNitrocellulose‐based combustible cartridge case (NC‐3C) is highly hygroscopic, which greatly limits its broader application. The effective strategy for NC‐3Cs to prevent moisture is the endowment of waterproof coatings. However, the traditional waterproof coatings for NC‐3Cs cannot self‐heal the inevitable mechanical microcracks suffered during handling and storage, which often gives moisture much more opportunities to destroy the internals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a self‐healing waterproof coating for the protection of NC‐3Cs. Herein, a smart self‐healing silicone polyurea (SPU) elastomer based on dynamic reversible hydrogen bonds is designed as a waterproof coating for NC‐3Cs. The SPU elastomer shows an outstanding self‐healing efficiency of 99.06 % after 12‐hour self‐healing at room temperature. And it also can self‐heal its damages even when the ambient temperatures rise to 50 °C or drop to −18 °C. Moreover, the SPU‐coated NC‐3C can also self‐heal its microcracks in time after being scratched and obtains extremely low water absorptions (<0.20 %) after 24‐hour soaking, exhibiting good waterproof performance. Endowing the waterproof coating with self‐healing ability is a promising design strategy to repair the coating microcracks and improve the environmental adaptability of NC‐3C during handling and storage. This work pioneers a new design of self‐healing waterproof coating for NC‐3Cs, and it has a positive guiding significance to expend broader application of NC‐3C.
Community partnerships in medical education: Narratives of medical students
Authors: Cardoso Pinto Alexandra M. , Malone Ethan , Ramesh Nydile , Onanuga Simisola , Benny Nikitha , Pettitt Christine , Pinder Richard J. , Budhathoki Shyam Sundar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile medical education has traditionally been designed, led and delivered exclusively by clinicians and academics, there has been an increasing shift towards diversifying actors involved in training future generations of health professionals. Public and patient involvement in learning increases the likelihood that learning is relevant to the communities we purport to serve. This article explores the experiences of medical students who were partnered with a community‐based organisation (CBOs) as part of the intercalated Global Health BSc at Imperial College London. Students involved in this programme highlight opportunities to understand the needs of communities they were placed with, beyond what is possible to understand in clinical practice; this is essential to support them in becoming holistic, patient‐centred practitioners. Students also found this opportunity helpful to gain insight into the role and value of the voluntary sector in healthcare and develop transferrable skills in project leadership and management. It is hypothesised that the benefits of this partnership extend to community‐organisations; they gain experience working with students, who provide an external view of their services and may be helpful in the delivery of quality‐improvement projects. Communities could also benefit from interactions with students by sharing insight into their needs and priorities, and in turn, shaping students’ priorities as future health professionals and co‐designers of voluntary‐sector initiatives within the community. Whilst the establishment of these partnerships does not come without its challenges, this article also highlights lessons for students and institutions undergoing similar programmes, including clarification of goals, stakeholder consultation, sustainability of interventions, voicing the community, timetable flexibility and funding.
Scaling Relations and Topological Quadruple Points in Light‐Matter Interactions with Anisotropy and Nonlinear Stark Coupling
Authors: Ying Zu‐Jian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUniversality is a common quality in different physical parameters that is rooted in the deep nature of physical systems. Scaling relation is a typical universality for critical phenomena around a quantum phase transition, while topological classification provides another type of universality essentially different from the critical universality. Both classes of universalities can be present in a single‐qubit system with light‐matter interactions, as exhibiting generally in the fundamental quantum Rabi model with anisotropy not only for linear coupling but also for nonlinear Stark coupling (NSC). In low frequencies different levels of scaling relations are extracted, holding for anisotropic or/and NSCs, locally or globally. At finite frequencies such a critical universality breaks down and diversity is dominant. However, common topological feature of the ground state can be extracted from the node number, which yields a topological class of universality amidst the critical diversity. Both conventional and unconventional topological transitions emerge, with their meeting, which never occurs in linear interaction, enabled by the nonlinear coupling to form topological quadruple points which are found to be spin‐invariant points. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the NSC can be another applicable approach to manipulate topological transitions in addition to coupling anisotropy.
Effects of cold and warm thermopeaking on drift and stranding of juvenile European grayling (Thymallus thymallus)
Authors: Auer Stefan , Hayes Daniel S. , Führer Simon , Zeiringer Bernhard , Schmutz Stefan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntermittent water releases from hydropower plants, called hydropeaking, negatively affect river biota. The impacts mainly depend on hydrological alterations, but changes in physical habitat conditions are suspected to be co‐responsible. For example, hydropeaking accompanied by a sudden change of water temperature in the downstream river—called thermopeaking—is also presumed to impair aquatic ecosystems. Still, knowledge about these thermopeaking impacts on aquatic species and life‐stages is limited. We performed flume experiments under semi‐natural conditions to fill this knowledge gap, simulating single hydropeaking events with a change in water temperature. As response parameters, we quantified the drift and stranding of early life‐stages of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.), a key fish species of Alpine hydropeaking rivers. Hydropeaking events with a decrease in water temperature (“cold thermopeaking”) led to significantly higher downstream drift (mean = 51%) than events with increasing water temperature (“warm thermopeaking”, mean = 27%). Moreover, during cold thermopeaking, a comparably high fish drift was recorded up to 45 min after the start of peak flows. In contrast, drift rates quickly decreased after 15 min during warm thermopeaking. Remarkably, the spatial distribution of downstream drift along gravel bars during cold thermopeaking showed the opposite pattern compared to those triggered by warm thermopeaking events indicating different behavioral responses. Furthermore, the stranding rates of the cold thermopeaking trials were twice as high (mean = 31%) as those of the warm thermopeaking experiments (mean = 14%). The outcomes present vital information for improving mitigation measures and adapting environmental guidelines.
Synergistic Contribution of Oligo(ethylene glycol) and Fluorine Substitution of Conjugated Polymer Photocatalysts toward Solar Driven Sacrificial Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: An Sanghyeok , Wu Ziang , Jeong Hayoung , Lee Juhyeok , Jeong Sang Young , Lee Wonjong , Kim Sunkyu , Han Jeong Woo , Lim Jongchul , Cha Hyojung , Woo Han Young , Chung Dae Sung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo separately explore the importance of hydrophilicity and backbone planarity of polymer photocatalyst, a series of benzothiadiazole‐based donor–acceptor alternating copolymers incorporating alkoxy, linear oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chain, and backbone fluorine substituents is presented. The OEG side chains in the polymer backbone increase the surface energy of the polymer nanoparticles, thereby improving the interaction with water and facilitating electron transfer to water. Moreover, the OEG‐attached copolymers exhibit enhanced intermolecular packing compared to polymers with alkoxy side chains, which is possibly attributed to the self‐assembly properties of the side chains. Fluorine substituents on the polymer backbone produce highly ordered lamellar stacks with distinct π–π stacking features; subsequently, the long‐lived polarons toward hydrogen evolution are observed by transient absorption spectroscopy. In addition, a new nanoparticle synthesis strategy using a methanol/water mixed solvent is first adopted, thereby avoiding the screening effect of surfactants between the nanoparticles and water. Finally, hydrogen evolution rate of 26 000 µmol g−1 h−1is obtained for the copolymer incorporated with both OEG side chains and fluorine substituents under visible‐light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). This study demonstrates how the glycol side chain strategy can be further optimized for polymer photocatalysts by controlling the backbone planarity.