bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual and augmented reality in critical care medicine: the patient’s, clinician’s, and researcher’s perspective
Authors: Bruno Raphael Romano , Wolff Georg , Wernly Bernhard , Masyuk Maryna , Piayda Kerstin , Leaver Susannah , Erkens Ralf , Oehler Daniel , Afzal Shazia , Heidari Houtan , Kelm Malte , Jung Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are aspiring, new technologies with increasing use in critical care medicine. While VR fully immerses the user into a virtual three-dimensional space, AR adds overlaid virtual elements into a real-world environment. VR and AR offer great potential to improve critical care medicine for patients, relatives and health care providers. VR may help to ameliorate anxiety, stress, fear, and pain for the patient. It may assist patients in mobilisation and rehabilitation and can improve communication between all those involved in the patient’s care. AR can be an effective tool to support continuous education of intensive care medicine providers, and may complement traditional learning methods to acquire key practical competences such as central venous line placement, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation device management or endotracheal intubation. Currently, technical, human, and ethical challenges remain. The adaptation and integration of VR/AR modalities into useful clinical applications that can be used routinely on the ICU is challenging. Users may experience unwanted side effects (so-called “cybersickness”) during VR/AR sessions, which may limit its applicability. Furthermore, critically ill patients are one of the most vulnerable patient groups and warrant special ethical considerations if new technologies are to be introduced into their daily care. To date, most studies involving AR/VR in critical care medicine provide only a low level of evidence due to their research design. Here we summarise background information, current developments, and key considerations that should be taken into account for future scientific investigations in this field.Graphical abstract
Effects of mosquito resting site temperatures on the estimation of pathogen development rates in near-natural habitats in Germany
Authors: Sauer Felix Gregor , Kiel Ellen , Lühken Renke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Environmental temperature is a key driver for the transmission risk of mosquito-borne pathogens. Epidemiological models usually relate to temperature data from standardized weather stations, but these data may not capture the relevant scale where mosquitoes experience environmental temperatures. As mosquitoes are assumed to spend most of their lifetime in resting sites, we analysed mosquito resting site patterns and the associated temperatures in dependence on the resting site type, resting site height and the surrounding land use.

Methods
The study was conducted in 20 areas in near-natural habitats in Germany. Ten areas were studied in 2017, and another 10 in 2018. Each study area consisted of three sampling sites, where we collected mosquitoes and microclimatic data in artificial (= garden pop-up bags) and natural resting sites at three height levels between 0 and 6 m. Land use of the study sites was characterized as forest and meadows based on reclassified information of the CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) Land Cover categories. The hourly resting site temperatures and the data from the nearest weather station of the German meteorological service were used to model the duration of the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of mosquito-borne pathogens.

Results
Anopheles, Culex and Culiseta preferred artificial resting sites, while Aedes were predominantly collect in natural resting sites. Around 90% of the mosquitoes were collected from resting sites below 2 m. The mosquito species composition did not differ significantly between forest and meadow sites. Mean resting site temperatures near the ground were approximately 0.8 °C lower than at a height of 4–6 m, which changed the predicted mean EIP up to 5 days at meadow and 2 days at forest sites. Compared with temperature data from standardized weather stations, the resting site temperatures near the ground would prolong the mean estimated EIP 4 days at forest sites and 2 days at meadow sites.

Conclusions
The microclimate of mosquito resting sites differs from standardized meteorological data, which can influence the transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens. In a near-natural environment, colder temperatures at mosquitoes’ preferred resting sites near the ground would prolong the EIP of mosquito-borne pathogens relative to data from weather stations.

Graphical Abstract
Postoperative weakness and anesthetic-associated rhabdomyolysis in a pediatric patient: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Floridis John , Barbour Ruth 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Anesthesia-associated rhabdomyolysis is a rare complication of surgery that causes postoperative myalgia, weakness, and potential renal failure if not managed promptly. Predisposing conditions that may lead to this complication include muscular dystrophies and myopathies.

Case presentation
This rare case describes a pediatric non-Indigenous Australian patient developing this complication, with no known predisposing risk factors, and no clear etiology. A 9-year-old child with a background of asthma underwent an elective removal of keloid scar on her chest wall. The procedure was brief and uncomplicated, with an uneventful induction of anesthesia. During the emergence period, she developed acutely raised airway pressures with bronchospasm and laryngospasm requiring the use of salbutamol and suxamethonium with good effect. In the initial postoperative period, the patient complained of generalized myalgia and muscle weakness and was unable to mobilize independently. There was transient recovery to normal function; however, a recurrence of symptoms the following day with associated myalgias warranted admission to hospital. She was found to have rhabdomyolysis that was managed conservatively with a full recovery of several weeks. She was thoroughly investigated for any underlying cause, including genetic testing for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (she had a variant of unknown significance but was negative for the known genetic abnormalities that cause malignant hyperthermia).

Conclusion
This case report demonstrates the importance of considering anesthesia-associated rhabdomyolysis as a differential for acute postoperative weakness, and outlines an investigative approach. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first case described in the pediatric literature to report biphasic progression of symptoms.
Efficiency, and economies of scale and scope in Japanese agricultural cooperatives
Authors: Harimaya Kozo , Kagitani Koichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate regional differences in the business characteristics of Japanese agricultural cooperatives (JAs), which have been widely criticized for depending on non-agricultural activities, contradictory to cooperative principles. We construct a panel data set over 2004–2019 from the financial statements of JAs’ prefectural-level federations and use a stochastic meta-frontier cost function model, which enables the decomposition of meta-frontier efficiency into two components: technical efficiency and technology gap ratios. The operational differences between JAs in urban and rural areas are investigated by comparing their efficiency and economies of scale and scope. The main results are summarized as follows: first, the meta-cost efficiency scores of JAs in urban areas are, on average, larger than those in rural areas, which reflects the differences in technology gap ratios. Second, JAs exhibit overall economies of scale in both areas; however, the product-specific economies of scale differ between financial and nonfinancial outputs. Finally, JAs in rural areas exhibit relatively larger economies of scope than those in urban areas. These findings indicate clear distinctions between urban and rural areas in cost-reduction effects. Finally, financial activities bring higher efficiency for JAs in urban areas, while benefits from simultaneous production are larger for those in rural areas.
Effects of different temperatures of carbohydrate-protein-containing drinks on gastric emptying rate after exercise in healthy young men: randomized crossover trial
Authors: Fujihira Kyoko , Takahashi Masaki , Shimamura Kei , Hayashi Naoyuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The present study examined the effects of different temperatures of carbohydrate-protein-containing drinks after exercise on the subsequent gastric emptying rate in healthy young men.

Methods
Twelve healthy young men completed two, 1-day trials in random order. In both trials, the participants completed intermittent cycling exercise for 20 min, consisting of a 120% heart rate peak for 20 s, followed by 25 W for 40 s. Participants consumed 400 mL of carbohydrate-protein-containing drink (0.85 MJ) at 4 °C (EX + 4 °C) or 60 °C (EX + 60 °C) over a 5-min period after exercise. The participants sat on a chair for 2.5 h to measure their gastric emptying rate using the 13C-sodium acetate breath test. Subjective feelings of gastrointestinal discomfort and appetite were measured using a visual analog scale. Interstitial fluid glucose levels after drinking were measured using a continuous glucose-monitoring device.

Results
The percentage excretion of 13CO2 tended to be higher at EX + 60 °C than at EX + 4 °C from the start of the test until 30 min after drink ingestion (5.7 ± 0.5 vs. 6.5 ± 0.4%dose/h for the EX + 4 °C and EX + 60 °C trials, respectively; effect sizes [ES] = 0.277, p = 0.065). The time of maximum 13CO2 emissions per hour (Tmax-calc) and the time of half 13CO2 emissions per hour (T1/2) did not differ between trials. Subjective gastrointestinal discomfort was lower at EX + 60 °C compared to EX + 4 °C (ES = 0.328, p = 0.041). There were no significant differences in interstitial fluid glucose levels between the different temperatures of carbohydrate-protein-containing drinks after exercise (p = 0.698).

Conclusions
Consumption of warm carbohydrate-protein-containing drinks after exercise may accelerate gastric emptying in the very early phase and may reduce gastric discomfort.

Trial registration
University Hospital Medical Information Network, UMIN000045626. Registered on June 10, 2021.
Extracellular vesicles from oviductal and uterine fluids supplementation in sequential in vitro culture improves bovine embryo quality
Authors: Leal Cláudia Lima Verde , Cañón-Beltrán Karina , Cajas Yulia N. , Hamdi Meriem , Yaryes Aracelli , Millán de la Blanca María Gemma , Beltrán-Breña Paula , Mazzarella Rosane , da Silveira Juliano Coelho , Gutiérrez-Adán Alfonso , González Encina M , Rizos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
In vitro production of bovine embryos is a well-established technology, but the in vitro culture (IVC) system still warrants improvements, especially regarding embryo quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from oviductal (OF) and uterine fluid (UF) in sequential IVC on the development and quality of bovine embryos. Zygotes were cultured in SOF supplemented with either BSA or EVs-depleted fetal calf serum (dFCS) in the presence (BSA-EV and dFCS-EV) or absence of EVs from OF (D1 to D4) and UF (D5 to D8), mimicking in vivo conditions. EVs from oviducts (early luteal phase) and uterine horns (mid-luteal phase) from slaughtered heifers were isolated by size exclusion chromatography. Blastocyst rate was recorded on days 7–8 and their quality was assessed based on lipid contents, mitochondrial activity and total cell numbers, as well as survival rate after vitrification. Relative mRNA abundance for lipid metabolism-related transcripts and levels of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (pHSL) proteins were also determined. Additionally, the expression levels of 383 miRNA in OF- and UF-EVs were assessed by qRT-PCR.

Results
Blastocyst yield was lower (P < 0.05) in BSA treatments compared with dFCS treatments. Survival rates after vitrification/warming were improved in dFCS-EVs (P < 0.05). EVs increased (P < 0.05) blastocysts total cell number in dFCS-EV and BSA-EV compared with respective controls (dFCS and BSA), while lipid content was decreased in dFCS-EV (P < 0.05) and mitochondrial activity did not change (P > 0.05). Lipid metabolism transcripts were affected by EVs and showed interaction with type of protein source in medium (PPARGC1B, LDLR, CD36, FASN and PNPLA2, P < 0.05). Levels of pHSL were lower in dFCS (P < 0.05). Twenty miRNA were differentially expressed between OF- and UF-EVs and only bta-miR-148b was increased in OF-EVs (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Mimicking physiological conditions using EVs from OF and UF in sequential IVC does not affect embryo development but improves blastocyst quality regarding survival rate after vitrification/warming, total cell number, lipid content, and relative changes in expression of lipid metabolism transcripts and lipase activation. Finally, EVs miRNA contents may contribute to the observed effects.
Low-abundance populations distinguish microbiome performance in plant cell wall deconstruction
Authors: Tom Lauren M. , Aulitto Martina , Wu Yu-Wei , Deng Kai , Gao Yu , Xiao Naijia , Rodriguez Beatrice Garcia , Louime Clifford , Northen Trent R. , Eudes Aymerick , Mortimer Jenny C. , Adams Paul D. , Scheller Henrik V. , Simmons Blake A. , Ceja-Navarro Javier A. , Singer Steven W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Plant cell walls are interwoven structures recalcitrant to degradation. Native and adapted microbiomes can be particularly effective at plant cell wall deconstruction. Although most understanding of biological cell wall deconstruction has been obtained from isolates, cultivated microbiomes that break down cell walls have emerged as new sources for biotechnologically relevant microbes and enzymes. These microbiomes provide a unique resource to identify key interacting functional microbial groups and to guide the design of specialized synthetic microbial communities.

Results
To establish a system assessing comparative microbiome performance, parallel microbiomes were cultivated on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) from compost inocula. Biomass loss and biochemical assays indicated that these microbiomes diverged in their ability to deconstruct biomass. Network reconstructions from gene expression dynamics identified key groups and potential interactions within the adapted sorghum-degrading communities, including Actinotalea, Filomicrobium, and Gemmatimonadetes populations. Functional analysis demonstrated that the microbiomes proceeded through successive stages that are linked to enzymes that deconstruct plant cell wall polymers. The combination of network and functional analysis highlighted the importance of cellulose-degrading Actinobacteria in differentiating the performance of these microbiomes.

Conclusions
The two-tier cultivation of compost-derived microbiomes on sorghum led to the establishment of microbiomes for which community structure and performance could be assessed. The work reinforces the observation that subtle differences in community composition and the genomic content of strains may lead to significant differences in community performance.
CRISPR-Cas9-mediated functional dissection of the foxc1 genomic region in zebrafish identifies critical conserved cis-regulatory elements
Authors: Ferre-Fernández Jesús-José , Muheisen Sanaa , Thompson Samuel , Semina Elena V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFOXC1 encodes a forkhead-domain transcription factor associated with several ocular disorders. Correct FOXC1 dosage is critical to normal development, yet the mechanisms controlling its expression remain unknown. Together with FOXQ1 and FOXF2, FOXC1 is part of a cluster of FOX genes conserved in vertebrates. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated dissection of genomic sequences surrounding two zebrafish orthologs of FOXC1 was performed. This included five zebrafish–human conserved regions, three downstream of foxc1a and two remotely upstream of foxf2a/foxc1a or foxf2b/foxc1b clusters, as well as two intergenic regions between foxc1a/b and foxf2a/b lacking sequence conservation but positionally corresponding to the area encompassing a previously reported glaucoma-associated SNP in humans. Removal of downstream sequences altered foxc1a expression; moreover, zebrafish carrying deletions of two or three downstream elements demonstrated abnormal phenotypes including enlargement of the anterior chamber of the eye reminiscent of human congenital glaucoma. Deletions of distant upstream conserved elements influenced the expression of foxf2a/b or foxq1a/b but not foxc1a/b within each cluster. Removal of either intergenic sequence reduced foxc1a or foxc1b expression during late development, suggesting a role in transcriptional regulation despite the lack of conservation at the nucleotide level. Further studies of the identified regions in human patients may explain additional individuals with developmental ocular disorders.
Source characteristics of the 16 June 2020 ML 5.4 earthquake and its significant aftershock sequences, northern Red Sea, Egypt
Authors: Saadalla Hamada , Hamed Ahmad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe northern Red Sea in eastern Egypt is one of the world’s newest marine basins. The northern Red Sea is a very active seismic region and poses a significant hazard to the nearest cities on the Red Sea coast. On June 16, 2020, a moderate earthquake (ML = 5.4), as published by the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN), occurred in the northern Red Sea followed by several aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 2.0 to 3.4. The best-fitting double-couple movement obtained using the full waveform moment tensor inversion of the main earthquake indicated strike-slip movement, with a minor normal component. The two nodal main shock planes were oriented NNE–SSW and ESE–WNW, respectively. The aftershocks sequences distribution did not coincide with the 16 Jun, 2020 main earthquake, neither in map view nor with respect to depth which may pointed to a secondary fault plane activation and stress triggered by the mainshock. The aftershocks clustered at the north western side of the main earthquakes and extend in the north western direction, which supported that the ESE–WNW plane is the fault plane. The spectral parameters of the S-wave displacement spectra of the main earthquake and its significant aftershock sequences were determined using the spectral inversion method and Brune’s$$\omega^{2}$$ω2modulation. The obtained spectra are flat in the frequency range from 0.8 Hz to each corner frequency, and they decreased rapidly at frequencies of < 10 Hz. The calculated seismic moment, moment magnitude, corner frequency, source radius, and stress drop vary from 8.293E+18 to 7.541E+22 dyn·cm, 2.4 to 5.0, 2.2 to 8.2 Hz, 171 to 633 m, and 0.02 to 13 MPa, respectively. The moment magnitude is equal to or slightly higher than the local magnitude reported by ENSN. The calculated stress drops for the earthquakes increased with increasing earthquake size.
Metabolic Power in Team and Racquet Sports: A Systematic Review with Best-Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Brochhagen Joana , Hoppe Matthias Wilhelm 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
In intermittent team and racquet sports, metabolic loads are rarely investigated as they are difficult to examine, e.g., by portable metabolic carts and lactate measures. However, determining the instantaneous metabolic power of intermittent running from acceleration and speed data is possible. Recently, this potential has gained more interest in research and practice due to the development of player tracking technologies that allow easy access to the required data. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate the validity and point out the evidence of this new approach for estimating metabolic loads in intermittent sports. To provide an in-depth understanding of this approach and its validity, the fundamental aspects of the underlying concept were also considered.

Methods
PubMed®, Cochrane Library, Web of Science™, and BISp-surf databases were included in the search conducted on March 1, 2021. Studies assessing physiological and methodological validation as well as conceptual studies of the metabolic power approach in intermittent sports players without diseases or injuries were deemed eligible. The quality assessment was implemented using a modified 12-item version of the Downs and Black checklist. Additionally, a best-evidence synthesis of the validation studies was performed to clarify the direction and strength of the evidence.

Results
Of 947 studies that were identified, 31 met the eligibility criteria of which 7 were physiological, 13 methodological validation, and 11 conceptual studies. Gold standards for validating the metabolic power approach were predominantly oxygen uptake with 6 and traditional running speed analysis with 8 studies for physiological and methodological validation, respectively. The best-evidence synthesis showed conflicting to strong and moderate to strong evidence for physiological and methodological validity of the approach, respectively. The conceptual studies revealed several modifications regarding the approach that need to be considered. Otherwise, incorrect implementation can occur.

Conclusions
Evidence of the physiological validity of the metabolic power approach ranged from conflicting to strong. However, this should be treated with caution as the validation studies were often partially implemented incorrectly as shown by the underlying concept studies. Moreover, strong evidence indicated that the approach is valid from a methodological perspective. Future studies must consider what the metabolic power approach can and cannot actually display.
Accuracy of digital surgical guides for dental implants
Authors: Kim Myoung-Ju , Jeong Jun Young , Ryu Jaeyoung , Jung Seunggon , Park Hong-Ju , Oh Hee-Kyun , Kook Min-Suk 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecently developed imaging techniques, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and CAD/CAM technology, have facilitated reliable implant planning and implant surgical guide production by 3D printing. This study compared the accuracy of implant-guided surgery using the R2GATE®program with CBCT before and after surgery.Patients and methodsThe study included patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Chonnam National University Hospital from September 2021 to March 2022. Twenty-four implants were placed in eleven patients. Using R2GATE®Windows (Megagen implant, Daegu, Korea) software, implant placement was planned. The difference was measured by the CBCT before and after surgery. The cervical and apical distance and angular deviation of the implants were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses.ResultsThe three-dimensional linear distance difference between the planned implant and the placed implant was 0.97 ± 0.37 mm at the cervical and 1.13 ± 0.36 mm at the apical. The difference in angle deviation between the planned implant and the placed implant was 3.42 ± 2.12°. Among the variables affecting the accuracy of implant placement, a statistically significant difference was found when using a tissue-supported implant guide, implant diameter and implant length.ConclusionBased on these results, using the R2GATE®program is useful to use an implant digital surgical guide, and it will be used in various clinic.