bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Physical Properties of Luminous z ≳ 8 Galaxies and Implications for the Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density from ∼0.35 deg2 of (Pure-)Parallel HST Observations*
Authors: Roberts-Borsani Guido , Morishita Takahiro , Treu Tommaso , Leethochawalit Nicha , Trenti Michele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present the largest systematic, Hubble Space Telescope (HST)–based search to date for luminous z ≳ 8 galaxy candidates using ∼1267 arcmin2 of (pure-)parallel observations from a compilation of 288 random sightlines with Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 observations, derived from the (Super)Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies (SuperBoRG) data set and together representing a factor ∼1.12× larger than existing space-based data sets. Using near-infrared (NIR) color cuts and careful photo-z analyses, we find 31 z ≳ 8 galaxy candidates over 29 unique sightlines, and derive global galaxy properties such as UV magnitudes and continuum slopes, sizes, and rest-frame optical properties (e.g., star formation rates (SFRs), stellar masses, A
v). Taking advantage of the (pure-)parallel nature of our data set—making it one of the most representative thus far—and derived SFRs, we evaluate the cosmic SFR density for the bright end of the UV luminosity function (LF) at z ∼ 8–10 and test the validity of luminosity-function-derived results using a conversion factor. We find that our method yields comparable results to those derived with LFs. Furthermore, we present follow-up observations of five (Super)BoRG targets with the Keck Multi-Object Spectrometer For Infra-Red Exploration (MOSFIRE) instrument, finding no evidence of Lyα in >3 hr of Y-band observations in either, consistent with a largely neutral medium at z ∼ 8. Our results offer a definitive HST legacy on the bright end of the LF and provide a valuable benchmark as well as targets for follow-up with the James Webb Space Telescope.
Significant Molecular Gas Deficiencies in Star-forming Cluster Galaxies at z ∼ 1.4
Authors: Alberts Stacey , Adams Jéa , Gregg Benjamin , Pope Alexandra , Williams Christina C. , Eisenhardt Peter R. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present the average gas properties derived from Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 dust continuum imaging of 126 massive (log M
⋆/M
⊙ ≳ 10.5), star-forming cluster galaxies across 11 galaxy clusters at z = 1–1.75. Using stacking analysis on the ALMA images, combined with UV–far-infrared data, we quantify the average infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and gas properties (molecular gas masses, M
mol;gas depletion timescales, τ
depl; and gas fractions, fgas) as functions of cluster-centric radius and properties including stellar mass and distance from the main sequence. We find a significant dearth in the ALMA fluxes relative to that expected in the field—with correspondingly low M
mol and fgas, and short τ
depl—with weak or no dependence on cluster-centric radius out to twice the virial radius. The Herschel+ALMA SEDs indicate warmer dust temperatures (∼36–38 K) than coeval field galaxies (∼30 K). We perform a thorough comparison of the cluster galaxy gas properties to field galaxies, finding deficits of 2–3×, 3–4×, and 2–4× in M
mol, τ
depl, and fgas compared to coeval field stacks, and larger deficits compared to field scaling relations built primarily on detections. The cluster gas properties derived here are comparable with stacking analyses of (proto-)clusters in the literature, and at odds with findings of field-like τ
depl and enhanced fgas reported using CO and dust continuum detections. Our analysis suggests that environment has a considerable impact on gas properties out to large radii, in good agreement with cosmological simulations which project that gas depletion begins beyond the virial radius and largely completes by first passage of the cluster core.
Chandra Observations of Spikey: A Possible Self-lensing Supermassive Black Hole Binary System
Authors: Sorabella Nicholas M. , Bhattacharya Sayantan , Laycock Silas G. T. , Christodoulou Dimitris M. , Massarotti Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This work examines the recent X-ray observations of the active galactic nucleus KIC 11606854 (nicknamed “Spikey”) by the Chandra space telescope. Based on previous observations of a symmetric flare in the system’s light curve by the Kepler space telescope, Spikey has been proposed to be a self-lensing supermassive black hole binary system in which the more massive black hole gravitationally lenses the accretion flow of its smaller companion. The recent Chandra observations (2020 March–May) correspond to the time when the next pulse was expected to occur and were separated in enough time to observe the apparent relativistic Doppler boosting effect from the high orbital velocities of the black holes. We model the expected self-lensing plus Doppler boosting light curve using our wavelength-dependent extended source self-lensing model combined with our relativistic orbital motion code. This orbital motion code is capable of modeling the expected apsidal precession for Spikey, which can be used to predict future pulses. We show that the expected signal was undetectable in the Chandra data as the intrinsic X-ray variability associated with the system was large relative to the changes expected by self-lensing and Doppler boosting. Expected flux increases in more favorable wavelengths were also calculated using our wavelength-dependent self-lensing model, revealing a relationship between the observing wavelength and measured orbital inclination.
GWSkyNet-Multi: A Machine-learning Multiclass Classifier for LIGO–Virgo Public Alerts
Authors: Abbott Thomas C. , Buffaz Eitan , Vieira Nicholas , Cabero Miriam , Haggard Daryl , Mahabal Ashish , McIver Jess 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Compact object mergers which produce both detectable gravitational waves and electromagnetic (EM) emission can provide valuable insights into the neutron star equation of state, the tension in the Hubble constant, and the origin of the r-process elements. However, EM follow-up of gravitational wave sources is complicated by false-positive detections, and the transient nature of the associated EM emission. GWSkyNet-Multi is a machine learning model that attempts facilitate EM follow-up by providing real-time predictions of the source of a gravitational wave detection. The model uses information from Open Public Alerts (OPAs) released by LIGO–Virgo within minutes of a gravitational wave detection. GWSkyNet was introduced in Cabero et al. as a binary classifier and uses the OPA skymaps to classify sources as either astrophysical or as glitches. In this paper, we introduce GWSkyNet-Multi, an extension of GWSkyNet which further distinguishes sources as binary black hole mergers, mergers involving a neutron star, or non-astrophysical glitches. GWSkyNet-Multi is a sequence of three one-versus-all classifiers trained using a class-balanced and physically motivated source mass distribution. Training on this data set, we obtain test set accuracies of 93.7% for binary black hole-versus-all, 94.4% for neutron star-versus-all, and 95.1% for glitch-versus-all. We obtain an overall accuracy of 93.4% using a hierarchical classification scheme. Furthermore, we correctly identify 36 of the 40 gravitational wave detections from the first half of LIGO–Virgo’s third observing run (O3a) and present predictions for O3b sources. As gravitational wave detections increase in number and frequency, GWSkyNet-Multi will be a powerful tool for prioritizing successful EM follow-up.
Repeated Mergers, Mass-gap Black Holes, and Formation of Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Dense Massive Star Clusters
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Kocsis Bence , Rasio Frederic A. , Silk Joseph 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Current theoretical models predict a mass gap with a dearth of stellar black holes (BHs) between roughly 50 M
⊙ and 100 M
⊙, while above the range accessible through massive star evolution, intermediate-mass BHs (IMBHs) still remain elusive. Repeated mergers of binary BHs, detectable via gravitational-wave emission with the current LIGO/Virgo/Kagra interferometers and future detectors such as LISA or the Einstein Telescope, can form both mass-gap BHs and IMBHs. Here we explore the possibility that mass-gap BHs and IMBHs are born as a result of successive BH mergers in dense star clusters. In particular, nuclear star clusters at the centers of galaxies have deep enough potential wells to retain most of the BH merger products after they receive significant recoil kicks due to anisotropic emission of gravitational radiation. Using for the first time simulations that include full stellar evolution, we show that a massive stellar BH seed can easily grow to ∼103–104
M
⊙ as a result of repeated mergers with other smaller BHs. We find that lowering the cluster metallicity leads to larger final BH masses. We also show that the growing BH spin tends to decrease in magnitude with the number of mergers so that a negative correlation exists between the final mass and spin of the resulting IMBHs. Assumptions about the birth spins of stellar BHs affect our results significantly, with low birth spins leading to the production of a larger population of massive BHs.
WISE View of Changing-look Active Galactic Nuclei: Evidence for a Transitional Stage of AGNs
Authors: Lyu Bing , Wu Qingwen , Yan Zhen , Yu Wenfei , Liu Hao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The discovery of changing-look active galactic nuclei (CLAGNs) with a significant change in optical broad emission lines (optical CLAGNs) and/or strong variation of line-of-sight column densities (X-ray CLAGNs) challenges the orientation-based AGN unification model. We explore mid-infrared (mid-IR) properties for a sample of 57 optical CLAGNs and 11 X-ray CLAGNs based on the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer archive data. We find that Eddington-scaled mid-IR luminosities of both optical and X-ray CLAGNs stay just between those of low-luminosity AGNs and luminous QSOs. The average Eddington-scaled mid-IR luminosities for optical and X-ray CLAGNs are ∼0.4% and ∼0.5%, respectively, which roughly correspond to the bolometric luminosity of transition between a radiatively inefficient accretion flow and a Shakura–Sunyaev disk. We estimate the time lags of the variation in the mid-IR behind that in the optical band for 13 CLAGNs with strong mid-IR variability, where the tight correlation between the time lag and the bolometric luminosity (τ–L) for CLAGNs roughly follows that found in the luminous QSOs.
Luminosity Function and Event Rate Density of XMM-Newton-selected Supernova Shock Breakout Candidates
Authors: Sun Hui , Liu He-Yang , Pan Hai-Wu , Liu Zhu , Alp Dennis , Hu Jingwei , Li Zhuo , Zhang Bing , Yuan Weimin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A dozen X-ray supernova shock breakout (SN SBO) candidates were reported recently based on XMM-Newton archival data, which increased the X-ray-selected SN SBO sample by an order of magnitude. Assuming that they are genuine SN SBOs, we study the luminosity function (LF) by improving on the method used in our previous work. The light curves and the spectra of the candidates were used to derive the maximum volume within which these objects could be detected with XMM-Newton by simulation. The results show that the SN SBO LF can be described by either a broken power law (BPL) with indices (at the 68% confidence level) of 0.48 ± 0.28 and 2.11 ± 1.27 before and after the break luminosity at

log
(

L

b

/

erg

s

−
1

)

= 45.32 ± 0.55 or a single power law (SPL) with an index of 0.80 ± 0.16. The local event rate densities of SN SBOs above 5 × 1042 erg s−1 are consistent for two models, i.e.,

4.6

−
1.3

+
1.7

×

10

4

Gpc−3 yr−1 and

4.9

−
1.4

+
1.9

×

10

4

Gpc−3 yr−1 for BPL and SPL models, respectively. The number of fast X-ray transients of SN SBO origin can be significantly increased by wide-field X-ray telescopes such as the Einstein Probe.
On the Energy Source of Ultrastripped Supernovae
Authors: Sawada Ryo , Kashiyama Kazumi , Suwa Yudai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ultrastripped supernovae (USSNe) with a relatively low ejecta mass of ∼0.1 M
⊙ (e.g., iPTF 14gqr and SN 2019dge) are considered to originate from ultrastripped carbon–oxygen cores in close binary systems and are likely to be progenitors of binary neutron stars. Here we conduct the explosion simulations of ultrastripped progenitors with various masses (1.45 M
⊙ ≤ M
CO ≤ 2.0 M
⊙) based on results of neutrino-radiation hydrodynamics simulations, and consistently calculate the nucleosynthesis and the supernova light curves. We find that a USSN from a more massive progenitor has a larger ejecta mass but a smaller 56Ni mass mainly due to the fallback that leads to the light curve being dimmer and slower. By comparing the synthetic light curves with the observed ones, we show that SN 2019dge can be solely powered by 56Ni synthesized during the explosion of a progenitor with M
CO ≲ 1.6 M
⊙ while iPTF 14gqr cannot be explained by the 56Ni-powered model; ∼0.05 M
⊙ of 56Ni inferred from the light-curve fitting is argued to be difficult to synthesize for ultrastripped progenitors. We consider fallback accretion onto and rotation-powered relativistic wind from the newborn neutron star (NS) as alternative energy sources and show that iPTF 14gqr could be powered by a newborn NS with a magnetic field of B

p
∼ 1015 G and an initial rotation period of P

i
∼ 0.1 s.
Increasing Accretion in the Young Eruptive Star EX Lup
Authors: Kóspál Á. , Fiorellino E. , Ábrahám P. , Giannini T. , Nisini B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We report on optical and near-infrared light curves of the young eruptive star EX Lupi, which has shown significant brightening in the past month, indicating a new accretion burst.
The genus Pareuryaptus (Carabidae, Pterostichini) from China, with three new country records
Authors: Li Haoyuan , Li Yihang , Shi Hongliang , Liang Hongbin 
Published: March 2022

Pareuryaptus is a genus of Carabidae containing 18 species and one subspecies distributed mainly in the Oriental Realm. However, only one species and one subspecies were recorded from China before the present study.
Four species and one subspecies of Pareuryaptus are reported from China with three of them newly recorded: Pareuryaptus adoxus (Tschitschérine) from Yunnan; Pareuryaptus exiguus Dubault, Lassalle & Roux from Guangxi; and Pareuryaptus luangphabangensis Kirschenhofer from Yunnan. Moreover, the male of Pareuryaptus exiguus Dubault, Lassalle & Roux is firstly described and a key to all known Chinese species is provided.
The effect of digital literacy, self-awareness, and career planning on engineering and vocational teacher education students’ learning achievement
Authors: Soeprijanto Soeprijanto , Diamah Aodah , Rusmono Rusmono 
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to determine the direct and indirect effects of digital literacy, self-awareness, career planning on student achievement of prospective teachers of education and technical and vocational training (TVET). This type of research is ex post facto with quantitative data. The method used was comparative causal differential with path analysis. The problems posed are (1) whether there is a direct effect of digital literacy, self-awareness, career planning on learning achievement, and (2) whether there is an indirect effect of digital literacy and self-awareness on learning achievement. The results showed that (1) Digital Literacy and Self Awareness directly affect Career Planning by 42.8%. (2) Taken together, digital literacy, self-awareness, and career planning directly affect student learning achievement. The effect of these three variables reached 50.9%. (3) The direct effect of digital literacy and self-awareness on learning achievement tends to be dominant compared to the indirect effect through Career planning. The total effect of digital literacy on learning achievement is 0.33, with details of the direct effect of 0.263 and the indirect effect of 0.068 through career planning. The total effect of self-awareness on learning achievement is 0.4809, with further information of the direct effect of 0.345, and the indirect effect of career planning is 0.1359. Research recommendations need to be expanded by adding respondents and job literacy variables among prospective TVET teacher students as independent variables.
Caractéristiques des plantations d’anacardiers (Anacardium occidentale L.) et déterminants économiques des exploitations en Casamance
Authors: Ndiaye Seydou , Charahabil Mohamed M. , Diatta Malaïny 
Published: March 2022

Au Sénégal, malgré l’intervention de plusieurs projets ou programmes dans l’amélioration de la productivité des plantations d’anacardiers, la filière anacarde souffre encore de nombreuses difficultés à cause des rendements faibles et les difficultés de commercialisation. Cette étude porte sur les caractéristiques des plantations d’anacardier et les déterminants des revenus en fonction de l’organisation de la filière. Les enquêtes socioéconomiques ont été réalisées auprès de 778 producteurs répartis dans soixante-trois (63) villages. Le modèle de production de Cobb Douglass qui établit la relation entre la quantité produite et le ou les facteurs de production utilisés a été utilisé pour analyser les déterminants des revenus issus de vente des noix par les producteurs. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que la superficie moyenne d’une plantation est en moyenne de 2,5 ha (dans le département de Ziguinchor), 3,7 ha (Sédhiou) et 2,1 ha (Kolda). Le nombre de pieds d’anacarde/ha est estimé à 167 pieds/ha pour la région de Ziguinchor, 198 pieds/ha pour celle de Sédhiou et 187 pieds/ha à Kolda. La région de Ziguinchor est la plus productive (385 kg/ha), suivi de Sédhiou (280 kg/ha) et Kolda (255 kg/ha). Les revenus des producteurs connaissent une amélioration significative avec une bonne production, d’un prix de vente du kilogramme de noix est supérieur à 500 FCFA, mais également avec un meilleur accompagnement des producteurs. En revanche, les facteurs tels que le paiement de la main-d’œuvre pour la collecte et l’entretien des vergers a une influence négative sur les revenus des producteurs. La filière anacarde occupe une place importante de l’économie de la zone agroécologique étudiée. Elle contribue significativement à l’amélioration des conditions socioéconomiques des producteurs. Toutefois, une structuration du maillon commercialisation permettrait aux producteurs de mieux tirer profit de la vente des noix de cajou.
The impact of uncorrected refractive error and visual impairment on the quality of life amongst school-going children in Sekhukhune district (Limpopo), South Africa
Authors: Magakwe Tshubelela S.S. , Hansraj Rekha , Xulu-Kasaba Zamandoda N.Q. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Uncorrected refractive error (URE) and subsequent visual impairment (VI) is expected to have an impact on the quality of life (QoL) amongst schoolchildren.Aim: This study aimed to determine the impact of URE and VI on the QoL amongst school-going children aged 14–18 years.Settings: The study was performed at Sekhukhune district in the Limpopo province, South Africa.Methods: The tool used to assess the QoL was the National Eye Institute Quality of Life Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). A modified refractive error study in children (RESC) protocol was employed to determine the value of URE and VI. The tests performed included Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) visual acuity, cycloplegic autorefraction, binocular motor function tests, media and fundus examination.Results: A total of 154 learners, aged 14–18 years completed the NEI-VFQ-25, which was offered in an interview format. A total of 56 learners (36.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.9–27.9]) had URE and VI. Children with URE and VI scored low on the NEI-VFQ-25 as compared with those without URE and VI.Conclusion: Uncorrected refractive error has an impact on the QoL of learners in the greater Sekhukhune district. This calls for policymakers and other relevant stakeholders in basic education to prioritise programmes that seek to address the visual health of scholars in rural schools.
Demographic and clinical profiles of residents in long-term care facilities in South Africa: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kalideen Letasha , Van Wyk Jacqueline M. , Govender Pragashnie 
Published: March 2022

Background: The demand for long-term care facilities (LTCFs) amongst older people in South Africa (SA) is growing and there is insufficient information on the profile and healthcare needs of this population.Aim: This study was conducted to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of residents in LTFCs in SA.Setting: Three LTCFs in eThekwini district.Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from a purposive sample of 102 (N = 204) residents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analysed descriptively and inferentially using R version 3.5.1 software.Results: The majority of the residents (59.8%) were between 65 and 80 years (78.9 ± 8.1 years) and 74.5% were women. The residents were white people (91.1%), SA born (82.4%) and widowed (54.9%). English was the primary language (91.1%), with the majority being christian (52.0%). Some residents had a university education, were previously employed and are financially independent. Ninety-three percent had clinical conditions, each suffering from at least three clinical conditions. Hypertension (63.7%), high cholesterol (53.9%), arthritis (38.2%), depression (37.3%) were the most prevalent clinical conditions recorded amongst the residents. Most residents were assessed to be intermediately frail, at risk of malnutrition and had mild depression as based on the respective mean frailty-, nutrition-, and geriatric depression scores.Conc lusion: Residents in LTCFs in the eThekwini district are more likely to be white people; women, christian, widowed, intermediately frail and at risk of malnutrition.
Pooled diagnostic parameters of artificial intelligence in EUS image analysis of the pancreas
Authors: Mohan Babu P. , Facciorusso Antonio , Khan Shahab R. , Madhu Deepak , Kassab Lena L. , Ponnada Suresh , Chandan Saurabh , Crino Stefano F. , Kochhar Gursimran S. , Adler Douglas G. , Wallace Michael B. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
EUS is an important diagnostic tool in pancreatic lesions. Performance of single-center and/or single study artificial intelligence (AI) in the analysis of EUS-images of pancreatic lesions has been reported. The aim of this study was to quantitatively study the pooled rates of diagnostic performance of AI in EUS image analysis of pancreas using rigorous systematic review and meta-analysis methodology. Multiple databases were searched (from inception to December 2020) and studies that reported on the performance of AI in EUS analysis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma were selected. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled rates. In cases where multiple 2 × 2 contingency tables were provided for different thresholds, we assumed the data tables as independent from each other. Heterogeneity was assessed by I
2% and 95% prediction intervals. Eleven studies were analyzed. The pooled overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 86% (95% confidence interval [82.8–88.6]), 90.4% (88.1–92.3), 84% (79.3–87.8), 90.2% (87.4–92.3) and 89.8% (86–92.7), respectively. On subgroup analysis, the corresponding pooled parameters in studies that used neural networks were 85.5% (80–89.8), 91.8% (87.8–94.6), 84.6% (73–91.7), 87.4% (82–91.3), and 91.4% (83.7–95.6)], respectively. Based on our meta-analysis, AI seems to perform well in the EUS-image analysis of pancreatic lesions.