bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and principles of self-assembly of giant “sea urchin” type sulfonatophenyl porphine aggregates
Authors: Pleckaitis Marijus , Habach Fayez , Kontenis Lukas , Steinbach Gábor , Jarockyte Greta , Kalnaityte Agne , Domonkos Ildikó , Akhtar Parveen , Alizadeh Mehdi , Bagdonas Saulius , Karabanovas Vitalijus , Garab Győző , Rotomskis Ricardas , Barzda Virginijus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrinciples of molecular self-assembly into giant hierarchical structures of hundreds of micrometers in size are studied in aggregates of meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS4). The aggregates form a central tubular core, which is covered with radially protruding filamentous non-branching aggregates. The filaments cluster and orient at varying angles from the core surface and some filaments form bundles. Due to shape resemblance, the structures are termed giant sea urchin (GSU) aggregates. Spectrally resolved fluorescence microscopy reveals J- and H-bands of TPPS4 aggregates in both the central core and the filaments. The fluorescence of the core is quenched while filaments exhibit strong fluorescence. Upon drying, the filament fluorescence gets quenched while the core is less affected, showing stronger relative fluorescence. Fluorescence-detected linear dichroism (FDLD) microscopy reveals that absorption dipoles corresponding to J-bands are oriented along the filament axis. The comparison of FDLD with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the structure of central core comprised of multilayer ribbons, which wind around the core axis forming a tube. Polarimetric second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation microscopy exhibits strong signal from the filaments with nonlinear dipoles oriented close to the filament axis, while central core displays very low SHG due to close to centrosymmetric organization. Large chiral nonlinear susceptibility points to helical arrangement of the filaments. The investigation shows that TPPS4 molecules form distinct aggregate types, including chiral nanotubes and nanogranular aggregates that associate into the hierarchical GSU structure, prototypical to complex biological structures. The chiral TPPS4 aggregates can serve as harmonophores for nonlinear microscopy.
Pack Siliconizing Optimization of AISI D2 Tool Steel
Authors: Najafizadeh Mojtaba , Hosseinzadeh Morteza , Ghasempour-Mouziraji Mehran , Perrone Angelo , Cavaliere Pasquale 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe paper describes the pack siliconizing optimization procedure for AISI D2 tool steel. Pack siliconizing was performed by employing different treating temperatures (falling in the range 650–950 °C) and times (falling in the range 2–4 h). The siliconizing atmosphere was obtained through silicon (at 12 wt.%) with the addition of different percentages of NH4Cl (falling in the range 0.5–1 wt.%), Al2O3 was used as halide activator. The coatings’ phases evolution was analyzed through X-ray diffraction; the coatings’ thickness was measured through scanning electron microscopy observations of the cross section of the samples; the mechanical properties were evaluated through micro hardness measurements. The results showed that the coatings’ thickness and hardness increase as the treating time and temperature as well as the halide activator percentage increase. The coating procedure optimization was performed by employing the response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken method. The results of the optimization procedure led to the of the optimal combination of processing parameters: 1 wt.% of halide activator, 3.575 holding time, 950 °C in temperature.
Functional properties of irrigated cotton under urban treated wastewater using an intelligent method
Authors: Dehghanisanij Hossein , Emami Somayeh , Khasheisiuki Abbas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of urban treated wastewater for agriculture is one of the most important parts of unconventional water use in arid and semi-arid regions, but the proper situation for its application needs to be considered. For this purpose, a study aimed at comparing five levels of water requirement including well water (control) (T1), urban treated wastewater (T2), 50% well water combination and 50% urban treated wastewater (T3), alternating irrigation between well water and urban treated wastewater each watering (T4), and combination of 33% well water and 66% urban treated wastewater (T5) in a randomized complete block design with three replications on water use efficiency and cotton yield. The study was conducted in a selected farm located in Torbat-Heydarieh southeastern Iran during two cropping years (2013 and 2014). Then, a hybrid tree growth optimization algorithm (TGO) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were used to predict cotton yield from four independent variables: soil characteristics, well water irrigation, urban treated wastewater irrigation, and meteorological data. Experimental treatments significantly altered soil chemistry. Cottonseed weight, cotton yield, and the number of bolls increased during the second year of treatments. A Duncan’s test of the mean showed thatT3significantly outperformed the other treatments measured as cottonseed weight, cotton yield, number of bolls, and water use efficiency. Overall, treatments utilizing treated wastewater outperformed the control, irrigation with well water. Additionally, based on the modeling results irrigation with an equal ratio of the well and treated wastewater resulted in improving soil and cotton growth conditions and yield during the study.
A review on the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the oil and gas industry: laboratory and field-scale measurements
Authors: Elsayed Mahmoud , Isah Abubakar , Hiba Moaz , Hassan Amjed , Al-Garadi Karem , Mahmoud Mohamed , El-Husseiny Ammar , Radwan Ahmed E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis review presents the latest update, applications, techniques of the NMR tools in both laboratory and field scales in the oil and gas upstream industry. The applications of NMR in the laboratory scale were thoroughly reviewed and summarized such as porosity, pores size distribution, permeability, saturations, capillary pressure, and wettability. NMR is an emerging tool to evaluate the improved oil recovery techniques, and it was found to be better than the current techniques used for screening, evaluation, and assessment. For example, NMR can define the recovery of oil/gas from the different pore systems in the rocks compared to other macroscopic techniques that only assess the bulk recovery. This manuscript included different applications for the NMR in enhanced oil recovery research. Also, NMR can be used to evaluate the damage potential of drilling, completion, and production fluids laboratory and field scales. Currently, NMR is used to evaluate the emulsion droplet size and its behavior in the pore space in different applications such as enhanced oil recovery, drilling, completion, etc. NMR tools in the laboratory and field scales can be used to assess the unconventional gas resources and NMR showed a very good potential for exploration and production advancement in unconventional gas fields compared to other tools. Field applications of NMR during exploration and drilling such as logging while drilling, geosteering, etc., were reviewed as well. Finally, the future and potential research directions of NMR tools were introduced which include the application of multi-dimensional NMR and the enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected data during the logging while drilling operations.
Navigating surgical anatomy of the Denonvilliers’ fascia and dissection planes of the anterior mesorectum with a cadaveric simulation model
Authors: García-Gausí María , García-Armengol Juan , Pellino Gianluca , Mulas Claudia , Roig José V. , García-Granero Alvaro , Moro David , Valverde Alfonso 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnterior dissection of the rectum in the male pelvis represents one of the most complex phases of total meso-rectal excision. However, the possible existence of different anatomical planes is controversial and the exact anatomical topography of Denonvilliers’ fascia is still debated. The aim of the study is to accurately define in a cadaveric simulation model the existence and boundaries of Denonvilliers’ fascia, identifying the anatomical planes suitable for surgical dissection. The pelvises of 31 formalin-preserved male cadavers were dissected. Careful and detailed dissection was carried out to visualize the anatomical structures and the potential dissection planes, simulating an anterior meso-rectum dissection. Denonvilliers’ fascia was identified in 100% of the pelvises, as a single-layer fascia that originates from the peritoneal reflection and descends until its firm adhesion to the prostate capsule. The fascia divides the space providing an anterior and a posterior plane. Anteriorly to the fascia, during the caudal dissection, its firm adhesion to the prostate capsule forces to section it sharply. The cadaveric simulation model allowed an accurate description of Denonvilliers’ fascia, defining several planes for anterior dissection of the meso-rectum.
Effect of chest physiotherapy on cystic fibrosis sputum nanostructure: an experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Abrami Michela , Maschio Massimo , Conese Massimo , Confalonieri Marco , Salton Francesco , Gerin Fabio , Dapas Barbara , Farra Rossella , Adrover Alessandra , Milcovich Gesmi , Fornasier Claudia , Biasin Alice , Grassi Mario , Grassi Gabriele 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease characterized by the production of viscous mucoid secretions in multiple organs, particularly the airways. The pathological increase of proteins, mucin and biological polymers determines their arrangement into a three-dimensional polymeric network, affecting the whole mucus and impairing the muco-ciliary clearance which promotes inflammation and bacterial infection. Thus, to improve the efficacy of the drugs usually applied in CF therapy (e.g., mucolytics, anti-inflammatory and antibiotics), an in-depth understanding of the mucus nanostructure is of utmost importance. Drug diffusivity inside a gel-like system depends on the ratio between the diffusing drug molecule radius and the mesh size of the network. Based on our previous findings, we propose the combined use of rheology and low field NMR to study the mesh size distribution of the sputum from CF patients. Specifically, we herein explore the effects of chest physiotherapy on CF sputum characteristic as evaluated by rheology, low field NMR and the drug penetration through the mucus via mathematical simulation. These data show that chest physiotherapy has beneficial effects on patients, as it favourably modifies sputum and enhances drug penetration through the respiratory mucus.
Graphical abstract
The stochastic Fisher-KPP Equation with seed bank and on/off branching coalescing Brownian motion
Authors: Blath Jochen , Hammer Matthias , Nie Florian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe introduce a new class of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) with seed bank modeling the spread of a beneficial allele in a spatial population where individuals may switch between an active and a dormant state. Incorporating dormancy and the resulting seed bank leads to a two-type coupled system of equations with migration between both states. We first discuss existence and uniqueness of seed bank SPDEs and provide an equivalent delay representation that allows a clear interpretation of the age structure in the seed bank component. The delay representation will also be crucial in the proofs. Further, we show that the seed bank SPDEs give rise to an interesting class of “on/off”-moment duals. In particular, in the special case of the F-KPP Equation with seed bank, the moment dual is given by an “on/off-branching Brownian motion”. This system differs from a classical branching Brownian motion in the sense that independently for all individuals, motion and branching may be “switched off” for an exponential amount of time after which they get “switched on” again. On/off branching Brownian motion shows qualitatively different behaviour to classical branching Brownian motion and is an interesting object for study in itself. Here, as an application of our duality, we show that the spread of a beneficial allele, which in the classical F-KPP Equation, started from a Heaviside intial condition, evolves as a pulled traveling wave with speed$$\sqrt{2}$$2, is slowed down significantly in the corresponding seed bank F-KPP model. In fact, by computing bounds on the position of the rightmost particle in the dual on/off branching Brownian motion, we obtain an upper bound for the speed of propagation of the beneficial allele given by$$\sqrt{\sqrt{5}-1}\approx 1.111$$5-1≈1.111under unit switching rates. This shows that seed banks will indeed slow down fitness waves and preserve genetic variability, in line with intuitive reasoning from population genetics and ecology.
European Copyright Society – Comment on Copyright and the Digital Services Act Proposal
Authors: Peukert Alexander , Husovec Martin , Kretschmer Martin , Mezei Péter , Quintais João Pedro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOn 15 December 2020, the European Commission submitted a proposal for a regulation on a single market for digital services (Digital Services Act, DSA) and amending Directive 2000/31/EC. The legislative project seeks to establish a robust and durable governance structure for the effective supervision of providers of intermediary services. To this end, the DSA sets out numerous due diligence obligations of intermediaries concerning any type of illegal information, including copyright-infringing content. Empirically, copyright law accounts for most content removal from online platforms, by an order of magnitude. Thus, copyright enforcement online is a major issue in the context of the DSA, and the DSA will be of utmost importance for the future of online copyright in the EU. Against this background, the European Copyright Society takes this opportunity to share its view on the relationship between the copyright acquis and the DSA, as well as further selected aspects of the DSA from a copyright perspective.
Kidney health for all: bridging the gap in kidney health education and literacy
Authors: Langham Robyn G. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Bonner Ann , Balducci Alessandro , Hsiao Li-Li , Kumaraswami Latha A. , Laffin Paul , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Saadi Gamal , Tantisattamo Ekamol , Ulasi Ifeoma , Lui Siu-Fai ,   For the World Kidney Day Joint Steering Committee, Langham Robyn G , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Balducci Alessandro , Hsiao Li-Li , Kumaraswami Latha , Laffin Paul , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Saadi Gamal , Ulasi Ifeoma , Lui Siu-Fai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe high burden of kidney disease, global disparities in kidney care, and poor outcomes of kidney failure bring a concomitant growing burden to persons affected, their families, and carers, and the community at large. Health literacy is the degree to which persons and organizations have or equitably enable individuals to have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to make informed health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others. Rather than viewing health literacy as a patient deficit, improving health literacy largely rests with health care providers communicating and educating effectively in codesigned partnership with those with kidney disease. For kidney policy makers, health literacy provides the imperative to shift organizations to a culture that places the person at the center of health care. The growing capability of and access to technology provides new opportunities to enhance education and awareness of kidney disease for all stakeholders. Advances in telecommunication, including social media platforms, can be leveraged to enhance persons’ and providers’ education; The World Kidney Day declares 2022 as the year of “Kidney Health for All” to promote global teamwork in advancing strategies in bridging the gap in kidney health education and literacy. Kidney organizations should work toward shifting the patient-deficit health literacy narrative to that of being the responsibility of health care providers and health policy makers. By engaging in and supporting kidney health–centered policy making, community health planning, and health literacy approaches for all, the kidney communities strive to prevent kidney diseases and enable living well with kidney disease.
Manifold learning for novelty detection and its application in gesture recognition
Authors: Luo Yang , Yuan Yibiao , Zheng Wei , Mo Xiaohui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs a state-of-the-art novelty detection method, Kernel Null Foley–Sammon Transform (KNFST) could identify multiple known classes and detect novelties from an unknown class via a single model. However, KNFST only captures the global information of the training set. The local geometrical structure is neglected. In this paper, a manifold is incorporated into KNFST to solve this issue. First, we use manifold graphs to depict the local structure for within-class scatter and total scatter. Second, the training samples from the same class are mapped into a single point in null space via null projected directions (NPDs). The proposed method can overcome the weakness of KNFST caused by ignoring local geometrical structure in the class. The experimental results on several toy and benchmark datasets show that manifold learning novelty detection (MLND) is superior to KNFST.
Empirical framework for identification of the most harmful malicious attacks on a smart grid
Authors: Albarakati Aiman J. , Bikdash Marwan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is the identification of the most harmful malicious attacks in a smart grid with basis on the removal of buses in a particular sequence. For that, we define the Electrical Most Damaging Element (EMDE) and the Iterated Centrality Measure (ICM). The EMDE is the element that leads to the largest unsatisfied load increase after removed, in the current state of the smart grid. The ICM is a meaningful scaled centrality for iterated attacks. Attack strategies such as the IEMDE (Iterated Electrical Most Damaging Element) and the Iterated Most Central Element (IMCE) are proposed as references for evaluating the impact of failure sequences by comparison. For each fault strategy approach, the vulnerability curves as well as a scalability analysis are presented. It is demonstrated that the IEMDE approximated the $$N-k-\varepsilon$$

N
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k
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ε

algorithm, but with reduced computational expense. Furthermore, the IMCE approach provided an efficient fault profile close to the performance of the IEMDE. Although this framework is applied in this paper to failures in buses, it can similarly be applied to other elements. Future research will be focused in applying these concepts to transmission lines.
Strategies to improve uptake and adherence of non-pharmacologic interventions for orthostatic hypotension in older people: a qualitative study
Authors: Robinson Lisa , Pearce Ruth , Frith James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Non-pharmacologic therapies are a safe and effective treatment for orthostatic hypotension (OH) in older adults. However, adherence to non-drug therapies is challenging and may require specific behaviour change approaches to promote uptake and adherence. The study aim is to identify specific behavioural change techniques to promote uptake and adherence with non-pharmacologic interventions for older adults with OH.

Methods
Forty semi-structured, qualitative interviews were performed in 25 older adults with OH. Each participant experienced bolus-water drinking, physical counter-manoeuvres and compression garments during two efficacy studies. Emergent themes were identified through framework analysis, based on The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy.

Results
Several themes to encourage uptake and adherence arose. Motivation to adhere with an intervention may be improved by demonstrating its effectiveness, either through symptom monitoring or biofeedback. Practising or rehearsing how to use an intervention may improve self-efficacy and promote habit formation. Embedding therapies into daily life so that they become second nature was felt to be a useful strategy. Educating older adults about why they are being asked to use a therapy and demonstrating how to use it is important. More specific barriers may be overcome by encouraging a personal problem-solving approach.

Conclusion
These specific behaviour change techniques, derived by older people with OH and based on evidence-based approaches, provide useful strategies to improve the uptake and adherence of non-drug therapies in the treatment of OH.

Trial registration
ISRCTN15084870.
Blended Learning and Student-centered Active Learning Environment: a Case Study with STEM Undergraduate Students
Authors: Capone Roberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper describes an embedded case study of “blended” teaching integrated with traditional lessons in a Student-Centered Active Learning Environment and social activities on the platform. The didactic phenomena were designed by creating learning environments, artifacts, and teaching/learning sequences in authentic educational contexts. We aim at improving the task design of a mathematics lesson with an impact on students’ performance in mathematics. Quantitative results show considerable benefits in the evolution of the use and coordination of several systems of semiotic representation. As a result, a better predisposition to the study of the subject seems to appear; moreover, the satisfaction test shows the achievement of alternative teaching methodologies for most of the students.
Ptolemy's Methodological Principles in the Creation of His Map Projections
Authors: Pápay Gyula 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPtolemy developed instructions for three projections, but only the first two projections were used in practice. These instructions, which contributed significantly to the development of theoretical cartography, did not explicitly describe the methodological basis on which they were elaborated. The derivation of the data used in the instructions thus remained partly unclear, such as the localisation of the centre of the latitude circles in the first projection. Here, an attempt was made to reconstruct Ptolemy's methodological principles. It turned out that he used a simple but ingenious method that made it possible to create all projections without trigonometric calculations, only with the use of compass (instrument to construct circles) and ruler.
The Determinants of Beginning Farm Success
Authors: Key Nigel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing linked data from multiple years of the U.S. Census of Agriculture, this study identifies farm and operator characteristics associated with beginning farm survival, growth, and success. Success is defined as continuing in business for 5 years without a decline in farm real estate asset value. The results indicate which types of beginning farms and farmers are likely to survive and grow—information which could be useful in targeting program resources. By identifying policy-amenable variables that correlate with both farm survival and business expansion, the results also suggest possible mechanisms for increasing the success of beginning farms.