bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct-micro-fabrication of Hydrophobic Surface with Re-entrant Texture on Metal Produced by Femtosecond-pulsed Laser
Authors: Yamaguchi Masaki , Kato Shunichi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRe-entrant textures are promising geometries for hydrophobic surfaces, however a direct processing method of microscale re-entrant textures applicable for general industrial materials such as metals has yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a possibility of direct processing method of microscale re-entrant textures by using a femtosecond-pulsed laser. We designed a novel and simple optical unit including a pair of step mirrors and a newly designed aspherical condenser lens that enable processing of reverse-tapered uniaxial grooves. A maximum reverse-taper angle of 20° was achieved on stainless steel using a femtosecond-pulsed laser that could be controlled linearly with the step mirror angles. Four types of test-pieces with re-entrant texture composed of reverse-tapered grooves were fabricated with reverse-tapered angles of 5 – 20°. It was demonstrated that the apparent contact angle exhibited an increase in the processed angle of the re-entrant texture. The re-entrant structures on stainless steel achieved a hydrophobicity over 140° of apparent contact angle with good stability, and allowing water droplets to slide off.
Predicting the Social-Emotional Competence Based on Childhood Trauma, Internalized Shame, Disability/Shame Scheme, Cognitive Flexibility, Distress Tolerance and Alexithymia in an Iranian Sample Using Bayesian Regression
Authors: Farahani Hojjatollah , Azadfallah Parviz , Watson Peter , Qaderi Kowsar , Pasha Atena , Dirmina Faezeh , Esrafilian Forough , Koulaie Behnoosh , Fayazi Nazanin , Sepehrnia Nasrin , Esfandiary Arezoo , Abbasi Fatemeh Najafi , Rashidi Kazhal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to predict Social Emotional Competence based on childhood trauma, internalized shame, disability/shame scheme, cognitive flexibility, distress tolerance, and alexithymia in an Iranian sample using Bayesian regression. The participants in this research were a sample of 326 (85.3% female and 14.7% male) people living in Tehran in 2021 who were selected by convenience sampling through online platforms. The survey assessments included demographic characteristics (age and gender), presence of childhood trauma, social-emotional competence, internalized shame, the Toronto Alexithymia scales, Young's measure of disability/shame together with measures of cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance. The results from Bayesian regression and Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) indicated that internalized shame, cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance can be predictive of Social Emotional Competence. These results suggested that Social Emotional Competence can be explained by some important personality factors.
Variable surrogate model-based particle swarm optimization for high-dimensional expensive problems
Authors: Tian Jie , Hou Mingdong , Bian Hongli , Li Junqing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany industrial applications require time-consuming and resource-intensive evaluations of suitable solutions within very limited time frames. Therefore, many surrogate-assisted evaluation algorithms (SAEAs) have been widely used to optimize expensive problems. However, due to the curse of dimensionality and its implications, scaling SAEAs to high-dimensional expensive problems is still challenging. This paper proposes a variable surrogate model-based particle swarm optimization (called VSMPSO) to meet this challenge and extends it to solve 200-dimensional problems. Specifically, a single surrogate model constructed by simple random sampling is taken to explore different promising areas in different iterations. Moreover, a variable model management strategy is used to better utilize the current global model and accelerate the convergence rate of the optimizer. In addition, the strategy can be applied to any SAEA irrespective of the surrogate model used. To control the trade-off between optimization results and optimization time consumption of SAEAs, we consider fitness value and running time as a bi-objective problem. Applying the proposed approach to a benchmark test suite of dimensions ranging from 30 to 200 and comparisons with four state-of-the-art algorithms show that the proposed VSMPSO achieves high-quality solutions and computational efficiency for high-dimensional problems.
Some remarks on oscillation inequalities
Authors: MIREK MARIUSZ , SŁOMIAN WOJCIECH , SZAREK TOMASZ Z. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we establish uniform oscillation estimates on
$L^p(X)$
with
$p\in (1,\infty )$
for the polynomial ergodic averages. This result contributes to a certain problem about uniform oscillation bounds for ergodic averages formulated by Rosenblatt and Wierdl in the early 1990s [Pointwise ergodic theorems via harmonic analysis. Proceedings of Conference on Ergodic Theory (Alexandria, Egypt, 1993) (London Mathematical Society Lecture Notes, 205). Eds. K. Petersen and I. Salama. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 3–151]. We also give a slightly different proof of the uniform oscillation inequality of Jones, Kaufman, Rosenblatt, and Wierdl for bounded martingales [Oscillation in ergodic theory. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.18(4) (1998), 889–935]. Finally, we show that oscillations, in contrast to jump inequalities, cannot be seen as an endpoint for r-variation inequalities.
Motion analysis and stability optimization for metamorphic robot reconfiguration
Authors: Liu Jun , Ruan Xiaodong , Lu Mingming , Weng Huajian , Wu Di , Zheng Minyi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMetamorphic robots are a new type of unmanned vehicle that can reconfigure and morph between a car mode and a biped walking machine mode. Such a vehicle is superior in trafficability because it can drive at high speeds on its wheels on structured pavement and walk on its legs on unstructured pavement. An engineering prototype of a metamorphic robot was proposed and designed based on the characteristics of wheeled–legged hybrid motion, and reconfiguration planning of the robot was conducted. A kinematics model of the reconfiguration process was established using the screw theory for metamorphic robots. To avoid component impact during the rapid global reconfiguration and achieve smoothness of the reconfiguration process, a rotation rule for each rotating joint was designed and the kinematics model was used to simulate and validate the motion of the system’s end mechanism (front frame) and the entire robot system. Based on the kinematics model and the rotation rules of the rotating joints, a zero-moment point (ZMP) calculation model of the entire robot mechanism in the reconfiguration process was established, and the stability of the reconfiguration motions was evaluated based on the ZMP motion trajectory. The foot landing position was optimized to improve the robot’s stability during the reconfiguration. Finally, the smoothness and stability of the reconfiguration motion were further validated by testing the prototype of the metamorphic robot.
Killed by its own obituaries: Explaining the demise of the ether
Authors: Navarro Jaume 
Published: November 2022

ArgumentIn this paper I follow the demise of the ether in the first half of the twentieth century to show how the first obituaries of the ether were instrumental in creating an object with specific and largely simplified properties related to, but different from, nineteenth-century ethers. I suggest that writing the history of dead objects (or objects an author wants to be dead) is not epistemologically neutral but, on the contrary, it involves a reformulation of the object itself. I show that this was indeed the case with the ether: those arguing for its demise in the early twentieth century tended to overlook as irrelevant one of the ether’s most important properties, namely being the seat for the transmission of electromagnetic waves. Instead, they emphasized the contradictions between other properties of previous ether(s), so as to advocate for its disappearance.
At the ends of the line: How the Airy Transit Circle was gradually overshadowed by the Greenwich Prime Meridian
Authors: Belteki Daniel 
Published: November 2022

ArgumentThe Greenwich Prime Meridian is one of the iconic features of the Royal Museums Greenwich. Visitors to the Museum even queue up to pose with one leg on either side of the Line. Yet, the Airy Transit Circle, the instrument that defined the meridian, is almost always excluded from these photographs. This paper examines how the instrument has become hidden in plain sight within the stories of Greenwich Time and Greenwich Meridian, as well as within the public imagination, by providing an analysis of the instrument’s transformation from a working astronomical instrument to a museum object. The paper highlights the gradual decoupling of the instrument from narratives of Time and Longitude, which resulted in the Line’s popularity overshadowing the instrument that defined it. By doing so, the paper aims at showing the symbiotic relationship between the materiality of the instrument and the meridian line that it defined. Approaching the instrument through the lenses of object biographies, the paper raises the question of whether the life of the instrument came to an end once operations with it were terminated. The analysis of the Transit Circle’s life reveals that it reached its end multiple times, which shifts the emphasis away from a single and ultimate end of scientific objects to a process of gradual downfall, during which they can “end” several times. In addition, through the object biography approach, the Transit Circle no longer appears as a dead object reaching an afterlife within a museum setting. Instead, the approach demonstrates that, though the instrument can still be restored to an operational order, doubts about its accuracy, and its relevancy to today’s astronomical methods, have led the instrument to be considered obsolete, transforming it into a museum object on display.
The politics of church shopping
Authors: Hafner Shay R. , Audette Andre P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent political science literature notes that the relationship between religion and politics is not a one-way interaction: religion influences political beliefs and political beliefs influence religious practices. Most of these studies, however, have relied on aggregate or indirect methods of assessing individual-level religious decisions of where to attend worship services. This paper utilizes an original, nationally representative survey conducted through YouGov to directly ask about respondents' views on politics in church and how it influences their religious behaviors. We find that many respondents admit church shopping, both inside and outside of their denomination, and that politics influences their choice of congregation to attend. After examining the demographics of those who church shops for political reasons, we conclude by discussing the implications of religiopolitical sorting for tolerance and partisan reinforcement.
Intrinsic Century‐Scale Variability in Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures and Their Influence on Western US Hydroclimate
Authors: Evans Colin P. , Coats Sloan , Carrillo Carlos M. , Li Xiaolu , Alessi Marc J. , Herrera Dimitris A. , Benton Brandon N. , Ault Toby R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHydroclimate variability of the southwest United States (SWUS) is influenced by the tropical Pacific Ocean, particularly through the teleconnection to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is expected to be altered by climate change. Natural variability in this teleconnection has not been robustly quantified, complicating the detection of anthropogenic climate change. Here, we use a linear inverse model (LIM) to quantify natural variability in the ENSO‐SWUS teleconnection. The LIM yields realistic teleconnection patterns with century‐scale variability comparable to simulations from the Last Millennium Ensemble project and the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phases 5 and 6. The variability quantified by the LIM illuminates two aspects of our understanding of ENSO and its impacts: the inherent statistics of the observable system can produce century‐long periods with a wide range of correlations to SWUS hydroclimate, including nonsignificant correlations, and thus that detecting changes in ENSO‐related hydroclimate variability is challenging in a changing climate.
Silent Very Long Period Seismic Events (VLPs) at Stromboli Volcano, Italy
Authors: McKee Kathleen F. , Roman Diana C. , Waite Gregory P. , Fee David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAt Stromboli Volcano, Italy, very long period (VLP) seismic signals and Strombolian eruptions have been attributed to the unsteady flow of gas slugs through the shallow plumbing system followed by explosive slug bursting at a free surface. In data from a 2018 seismo‐acoustic deployment, ∼92% of events in two main VLP multiplets do not coincide in time with impulsive infrasonic signals (the expected signal of explosive slug bursting); we term these “silent VLPs.” The lack of infrasonically detected explosions relative to repeating VLPs does not support the commonly invoked “gas slug” model. We propose that VLPs may be generated when gas bubbles move into a weak semi‐solid plug in the uppermost portion of the conduit. The plug then acts as a mechanical filter in which pathways vary and guide or trap ascending gas slugs, allowing for passive (silent) gas release and explosive escape mechanisms decoupled in time from VLPs.
Learning Coagulation Processes With Combinatorial Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Justin L. , Curtis Jeffrey H. , Riemer Nicole , West Matthew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSimulating the evolution of a coagulating aerosol or cloud of droplets in a key problem in atmospheric science. We present a proof of concept for modeling coagulation processes using a novel combinatorial neural network (CombNN) architecture. Using two types of data from a high‐detail particle‐resolved aerosol simulation, we show that CombNN models outperform standard neural networks and are competitive in accuracy with traditional state‐of‐the‐art sectional models. These CombNN models could have application in learning coarse‐grained coagulation models for multi‐species aerosols and for learning coagulation models from observed size‐distribution data.
Aluminum scandium nitride thin-film bulk acoustic resonators for 5G wideband applications
Authors: Zou Yang , Gao Chao , Zhou Jie , Liu Yan , Xu Qinwen , Qu Yuanhang , Liu WenJuan , Soon Jeffrey Bo Woon , Cai Yao , Sun Chengliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters have been extensively used in consumer products for mobile communication systems due to their high performance and standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible integration process. However, it is challenging for a traditional aluminum nitride (AlN)-based BAW filter to meet several allocated 5G bands with more than a 5% fractional bandwidth via an acoustic-only approach. In this work, we propose an Al0.8Sc0.2N-based film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) for the design of radio frequency (RF) filters. By taking advantage of a high-quality Al0.8Sc0.2N thin film, the fabricated resonators demonstrate a large Keff2 of 14.5% and an excellent figure of merit (FOM) up to 62. The temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of the proposed resonator is measured to be −19.2 ppm/°C, indicating excellent temperature stability. The fabricated filter has a center frequency of 4.24 GHz, a −3 dB bandwidth of 215 MHz, a small insertion loss (IL) of 1.881 dB, and a rejection >32 dB. This work paves the way for the realization of wideband acoustic filters operating in the 5G band.
p53 triggers mitochondrial apoptosis following DNA damage-dependent replication stress by the hepatotoxin methyleugenol
Authors: Carlsson Max J. , Vollmer Anastasia S. , Demuth Philipp , Heylmann Daniel , Reich Diana , Quarz Caroline , Rasenberger Birgit , Nikolova Teodora , Hofmann Thomas G. , Christmann Markus , Fuhlbrueck Julia A. , Stegmüller Simone , Richling Elke , Cartus Alexander T. , Fahrer Jörg 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLiver cancer is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide, which is causally linked to viral infection, fatty liver disease, life-style factors and food-borne carcinogens, particularly aflatoxins. Moreover, genotoxic plant toxins including phenylpropenes are suspected human liver carcinogens. The phenylpropene methyleugenol (ME) is a constituent of essential oils in many plants and occurs in herbal medicines, food, and cosmetics. Following its uptake, ME undergoes Cytochrome P450 (CYP) and sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1)-dependent metabolic activation, giving rise to DNA damage. However, little is known about the cellular response to the induced DNA adducts. Here, we made use of different SULT1A1-proficient cell models including primary hepatocytes that were treated with 1′-hydroxymethyleugenol (OH-ME) as main phase I metabolite. Firstly, mass spectrometry showed a concentration-dependent formation of N2-MIE-dG as major DNA adduct, strongly correlating with SULT1A1 expression as attested in cells with and without human SULT1A1. ME-derived DNA damage activated mainly the ATR-mediated DNA damage response as shown by phosphorylation of CHK1 and histone 2AX, followed by p53 accumulation and CHK2 phosphorylation. Consistent with these findings, the DNA adducts decreased replication speed and caused replication fork stalling. OH-ME treatment reduced viability particularly in cell lines with wild-type p53 and triggered apoptotic cell death, which was rescued by pan-caspase-inhibition. Further experiments demonstrated mitochondrial apoptosis as major cell death pathway. ME-derived DNA damage caused upregulation of the p53-responsive genes NOXA and PUMA, Bax activation, and cytochrome c release followed by caspase-9 and caspase-3 cleavage. We finally demonstrated the crucial role of p53 for OH-ME triggered cell death as evidenced by reduced pro-apoptotic gene expression, strongly attenuated Bax activation and cell death inhibition upon genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of p53. Taken together, our study demonstrates for the first time that ME-derived DNA damage causes replication stress and triggers mitochondrial apoptosis via the p53-Bax pathway.
PNO1 inhibits autophagy-mediated ferroptosis by GSH metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Xiaomeng , He Yuchao , Han Zhiqiang , Liu Wei , Liu Dongming , Zhang Xihao , Chen Lu , Qi Lisha , Chen Liwei , Luo Yi , Li Qiang , Chen Peng , Wu Qiang , Zhu Xiaolin , Guo Hua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEffective strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma, which is the second leading cause of death worldwide, remain limited. A growing body of emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis activation is a novel promising approach for the treatment of this malignancy. Nevertheless, the potential therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis remain elusive. In this study, we found that PNO1 is a bona fide inhibitor of ferroptosis and that autophagy induced by PNO1 promotes cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 while increasing the synthesis and accumulation of intracellular glutamate. This increase is followed by an equally proportional addition in cystine uptake, which consequently enhances system Xc- activity that leads to the inhibition of ferroptosis. In the maintenance of redox homeostasis, system Xc- activated via PNO1-autophagy metabolism is responsible for maintaining cysteine for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and the final GSH metabolic reprogramming protects HCC cells from ferroptosis. The combination of PNO1 inhibition with drugs causing ferroptosis induction, particularly sorafenib, the first-line drug associated with ferroptosis in liver cancer shows therapeutic promise in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings indicated that PNO1 protects HCC cells from ferroptotic death through autophagy-mediated GSH metabolic remodeling, and we identified a candidate therapeutic target that may potentiate the effect of ferroptosis-based antitumor therapy.
Inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 relieves fibrosis through depolarizing of hepatic stellate cell in NASH
Authors: Lee Su-Yeon , Kim Sanghwa , Choi Inhee , Song Yeonhwa , Kim Namjeong , Ryu Hyung Chul , Lim Jee Woong , Kang Hyo Jin , Kim Jason , Seo Haeng Ran 
Published: November 2022

Abstract11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the intracellular conversion of cortisone to physiologically active cortisol. Although 11βHSD1 has been implicated in numerous metabolic syndromes, such as obesity and diabetes, the functional roles of 11βHSD1 during progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and consequent fibrosis have not been fully elucidated. We found that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of 11βHSD1 resulted in reprogramming of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation via inhibition of p-SMAD3, α-SMA, Snail, and Col1A1 in a fibrotic environment and in multicellular hepatic spheroids (MCHSs). We also determined that 11βHSD1 contributes to the maintenance of NF-κB signaling through modulation of TNF, TLR7, ITGB3, and TWIST, as well as regulating PPARα signaling and extracellular matrix accumulation in activated HSCs during advanced fibrogenesis in MCHSs. Of great interest, the 11βHSD1 inhibitor J2H-1702 significantly attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation and ameliorated liver fibrosis in diet- and toxicity-induced NASH mouse models. Together, our data indicate that J2H-1702 is a promising new clinical candidate for the treatment of NASH.
Asymptotically fault-tolerant programmable photonics
Authors: Hamerly Ryan , Bandyopadhyay Saumil , Englund Dirk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractComponent errors limit the scaling of programmable coherent photonic circuits. These errors arise because the standard tunable photonic coupler—the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI)—cannot be perfectly programmed to the cross state. Here, we introduce two modified circuit architectures that overcome this limitation: (1) a 3-splitter MZI mesh for generic errors, and (2) a broadband MZI+Crossing design for correlated errors. Because these designs allow for perfect realization of the cross state, the matrix fidelity no longer degrades with increased mesh size, allowing scaling to arbitrarily large meshes. The proposed architectures support progressive self-configuration, are more compact than previous MZI-doubling schemes, and do not require additional phase shifters. This removes a key limitation to the development of very-large-scale programmable photonic circuits.
Chronic stress causes striatal disinhibition mediated by SOM-interneurons in male mice
Authors: Rodrigues Diana , Jacinto Luis , Falcão Margarida , Castro Ana Carolina , Cruz Alexandra , Santa Cátia , Manadas Bruno , Marques Fernanda , Sousa Nuno , Monteiro Patricia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChronic stress (CS) is associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, and it may also contribute to or exacerbate motor function. However, the mechanisms by which stress triggers motor symptoms are not fully understood. Here, we report that CS functionally alters dorsomedial striatum (DMS) circuits in male mice, by affecting GABAergic interneuron populations and somatostatin positive (SOM) interneurons in particular. Specifically, we show that CS impairs communication between SOM interneurons and medium spiny neurons, promoting striatal overactivation/disinhibition and increased motor output. Using probabilistic machine learning to analyze animal behavior, we demonstrate that in vivo chemogenetic manipulation of SOM interneurons in DMS modulates motor phenotypes in stressed mice. Altogether, we propose a causal link between dysfunction of striatal SOM interneurons and motor symptoms in models of chronic stress.