bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of seed from Cucurbita maxima, a pumpkin variety of Bangladesh, converting into refined oil and oilcake
Authors: Lisa Sharmin Akter , Kabir Md. Alamgir , Khan Selina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPumpkin seed oil, also called as pepita oil can be a substitute of conventional edible oil now a days. A method has been developed to use this under-utilized pumpkin seed which is a common vegetable in Bangladesh. This study suggests finding a new alternate of edible oil as well as proper utilization of nutritionally rich pumpkin seed rather than wasting into the environment. Pumpkin seed oil was extracted from dried pumpkin seed by expeller and it was purified by the refining steps-degumming, neutralization, deodorization and bleaching. The crude and refined oil were characterized. Acid value was decreased from 2.36 to 0.34 mg/ g as KOH (Potassium Hydroxide); color was lightened from Yellowness (Y) = 20, Redness (R) = 20 to Yellowness (Y) = 6, Redness (R) = 3; moisture was decreased from 0.26 to 0.05%; insoluble impurities was changed from 0.32 to 0.05% and unsaponifiable matters has been lowered from 2.17% to 0.92%by refining where no fundamental changes occurred in iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, refractive index and specific gravity after refining. The characteristic parameters were within the limits mentioned for edible oil in codex. Fatty acid composition remained same, although total tocopherol decreased from 361.9 mg/kg to 300.69 mg/kg. The observed pumpkin seed oil was rich in linoleic and oleic acid- 36.43 and 36.89%. The nutritional benefits of oilcake found after oil extraction were determined also. Protein and fat was 54.78% and 4.16% respectively as well, iron, calcium, magnesium and manganese was found 30.29, 21.45, 2.27 and 0.30 mg/ 100 g respectively in oilcake.
Quantitative flow diagnostics of shock trains by rainbow schlieren deflectometry
Authors: Takeshita T. , Fukunaga R. , Nakao S. , Miyazato Y. , Miki K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA new measurement technique to reconstruct the density field of the shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction (SWBLI) in a confined duct is proposed. With this technique, it is possible to quantitatively capture in detail the structures of the density field both in the regions of the shock-systems in the central core and boundary-layer flows near the duct wall concurrently. The novel feature of the proposed technique is to make use of the schlieren images with the rainbow filters of the vertical and horizontal cutoff settings and then to reconstruct the two-dimensional density field integrated over the line-of-sight direction using the corresponding filter calibration curves. The proposed technique is applied for the first time to a shock train in a constant-area straight duct under the upstream condition of the shock train: the freestream Mach number is 1.42, the incoming boundary layer thickness normalised by the duct half height is 0.175, and the corresponding unit Reynolds number
$Re/m$
is
$2.99 \times 10^7$
m-1. The calculated isopycnic field depicts the streamwise and transverse density variations inside the shock train, the mixing region after the shock train, and the boundary-layer of the interaction region. This technique is shown to be capable of identifying the locations of shocks in a shock train more precisely than a conventional approach measuring the static pressure distribution along the duct wall. In addition, various quantitative visual representations such as a shadowgraphy and a bright-field schlieren can be extracted from the density field acquired by the present approach, and the spatial evolution of the shape and strength of each shock constituting the shock train as well as the boundary layer flow properties can be quantitatively clarified.
Measuring Virtuous Responses to Peer Disagreement: The Intellectual Humility and Actively Open-Minded Thinking of Conciliationists
Authors: BEEBE JAMES R. , MATHESON JONATHAN 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSome philosophers working on the epistemology of disagreement claim that conciliationist responses to peer disagreement embody a kind of intellectual humility. Others contend that standing firm or ‘sticking to one's guns’ in the face of peer disagreement may stem from an admirable kind of courage or internal fortitude. In this paper, we report the results of two empirical studies that examine the relationship between conciliationist and steadfast responses to peer disagreement, on the one hand, and virtues such as intellectual humility, courage, grit, and actively open-minded thinking, on the other. We observed positive correlations between measures of conciliationism, intellectual humility, and actively open-minded thinking but failed to find any reliable association between steadfastness, courage, and grit. Our studies reveal that there are at least two important intellectual virtues associated with conciliationist responses to peer disagreement (viz., intellectual humility and actively open-minded thinking) and two vices associated with steadfast responses (intellectual arrogance and myside bias). These findings shed new light on the overall epistemic goodness of the conciliationist perspective.
Clinical and occupational risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare personnel
Authors: Kwon Jennie H. , Budge Philip J. , O’Neil Caroline A. , Peacock Kate , Aagaard Eva M. , Fraser Victoria J. , Olsen Margaret A. , Babcock Hilary ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To identify characteristics associated with positive severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests in healthcare personnel.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
A multihospital healthcare system.

Participants:
Employees who reported SARS-CoV-2 exposures and/or symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between March 30, 2020, and September 20, 2020, and were subsequently referred for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing.

Methods:
Data from exposure and/or symptom reports were linked to the corresponding SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result. Employee demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 exposure history, and symptoms were evaluated as potential risk factors for having a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test.

Results:
Among 6,289 employees who received SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, 873 (14%) had a positive test. Independent risk factors for a positive PCR included: working in a patient care area (relative risk [RR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37–2.40), having a known SARS-CoV-2 exposure (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04–1.37), reporting a community versus an occupational exposure (RR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.49–2.34), and having an infected household contact (RR, 2.47; 95% CI, 2.11–2.89). Nearly all HCP (99%) reported symptoms. Symptoms associated with a positive PCR in a multivariable analysis included loss of sense of smell (RR, 2.60; 95% CI, 2.09–3.24) or taste (RR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.40–2.20), cough (RR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.40–2.20), fever, and muscle aches.

Conclusions:
In this cohort of >6,000 healthcare system and academic medical center employees early in the pandemic, community exposures, and particularly household exposures, were associated with greater risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than occupational exposures. This work highlights the importance of COVID-19 prevention in the community and in healthcare settings to prevent COVID-19.
Where are the zeroes of a random p-adic polynomial?
Authors: Caruso Xavier 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the distribution of the roots of a random p-adic polynomial in an algebraic closure of

${\mathbb Q}_p$

. We prove that the mean number of roots generating a fixed finite extension K of

${\mathbb Q}_p$

depends mostly on the discriminant of K, an extension containing fewer roots when it becomes more ramified. We prove further that for any positive integer r, a random p-adic polynomial of sufficiently large degree has about r roots on average in extensions of degree at most r.
Beyond the mean, we also study higher moments and correlations between the number of roots in two given subsets of

${\mathbb Q}_p$

(or, more generally, of a finite extension of

${\mathbb Q}_p$

). In this perspective, we notably establish results highlighting that the roots tend to repel each other and quantify this phenomenon.
PA RELATIVE TO AN ENUMERATION ORACLE
Authors: GOH JUN LE , KALIMULLIN ISKANDER SH. , MILLER JOSEPH S. , SOSKOVA MARIYA I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecall that B is PA relative to A if B computes a member of every nonempty
$\Pi ^0_1(A)$
class. This two-place relation is invariant under Turing equivalence and so can be thought of as a binary relation on Turing degrees. Miller and Soskova [23] introduced the notion of a
$\Pi ^0_1$
class relative to an enumeration oracle A, which they called a
$\Pi ^0_1{\left \langle {A}\right \rangle }$
class. We study the induced extension of the relation B is PA relative to A to enumeration oracles and hence enumeration degrees. We isolate several classes of enumeration degrees based on their behavior with respect to this relation: the PA bounded degrees, the degrees that have a universal class, the low for PA degrees, and the
${\left \langle {\text {self}\kern1pt}\right \rangle }$
-PA degrees. We study the relationship between these classes and other known classes of enumeration degrees. We also investigate a group of classes of enumeration degrees that were introduced by Kalimullin and Puzarenko [14] based on properties that are commonly studied in descriptive set theory. As part of this investigation, we give characterizations of three of their classes in terms of a special sub-collection of relativized
$\Pi ^0_1$
classes—the separating classes. These three can then be seen to be direct analogues of three of our classes. We completely determine the relative position of all classes in question.
Beyond the Borders of the Fallen Empire: André Mandelstam’s Project for Non-Territorial Autonomy
Authors: Khripachenko Tatiana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article seeks to analyze the project for the international convention on the protection of minority rights, which was proposed by André Mandelstam at the Institut de Droit International (IDI) in 1928. In this project, the author used the concept of non-territorial autonomy borrowed from the works of the Austro-Marxists Otto Bauer and Karl Renner. A Russian international lawyer in emigration, André Mandelstam had initially been involved in the implementation of elements of non-territorial autonomy to protect the Christian population of the Ottoman empire. Mandelstam’s proposed convention assumed that personal autonomy, reduced to the protection of minorities from cultural and linguistic assimilation, would be a compromise between protecting minorities and preventing them from undermining the unity of the state. However, the demand for international protection of minorities was not accompanied by any enforcement mechanism. The project underwent serious revisions as it was discussed by a group of international lawyers. In its final version, the text retained only those of the original articles, which referred to individual human rights. Thus, Mandelstam’s attempt to make his convention acceptable for all participating states resulted in omission of the very concept of personal autonomy in the final version of the proposed document.
Heritability and genetic gain of digestible organic matter intake of barley straw genotypes by sheep, using repeatable in situ- and laboratory-based indicator traits
Authors: Goodchild A. V. , Grando S. , Thomson E. F. , Haylani M. , Ceccarelli S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe voluntary digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) of mature barley crops (Hordeum spp.) for sheep depends largely on straw quality. Direct measurement of DOMI is laborious; consequently, the research reported here evaluated indicator traits for improving barley straw DOMI by crop breeding. It hypothesized that some indicator traits for straw quality are heritable, facilitate genetic gain in DOMI, and reveal straw properties that constrain genetic gain. In 4 years, 32 genotypes of barley were grown at ICARDA, northern Syria, with no fertilizer in one year and supplementary irrigation in another. Indicator traits for predicting DOMI included in situ straw dry matter losses (DML) at nine incubation times (0–120 h), four parameters of the DML curve, seven laboratory tests, grain yield and straw yield. Heritability (h2) was highest for traits associated with indigestible cell wall constituents, including potential DML (h2 = 0.61), DML at 48–120 h of incubation (h2 = 0.48–0.58), and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (h2 = 0.41). Heritability was lower for DOMI itself (h2 = 0.24), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (h2 = 0.20), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (h2 = 0.17), and was lowest for DML at 6–18 h (h2 = 0.08–0.09) and the in situ parameters Lag and relative loss rate of slowly degradable DM (h2 ≤ 0.03). Correlations between indicator traits and DOMI tended to increase with heritability. Grain and straw yields were not correlated with DOMI; of these, only grain yield was heritable. In conclusion, genetic gain in barley straw nutritive value can be achieved by crop breeding under diverse growing conditions, using indicator traits associated with indigestible cell wall constituents.
Agile collision avoidance for unmanned surface vehicles based on collision shielded model prediction control algorithm
Authors: Tao Yihan , Du Jialu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCollision avoidance (COLAV) is a prerequisite for the navigation safety of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). Since USVs have to avoid obstacles clearly and timely, i.e. the COLAV should be agile, the COLAV algorithm should have low computation complexity and make efficient COLAV decisions. However, balancing between the computation complexity and the COLAV decision optimality is still intractable at present. This paper innovatively proposes a COLAV algorithm for USVs by combining the velocity obstacle method with the predictive model method, named the collision shielded model predictive control (CS-MPC) algorithm, such that the agility of USVs COLAV is improved. The runtime of the proposed COLAV algorithm is shortened by shielding the dangerous parts of the search space of the COLAV decisions, and the COLAV decision is efficient with the aid of the accurately predicted motion trajectory by the motion mathematical model of USVs. As such, the USV can safely navigate in complex water areas where multiple vessels and obstacles exist. A series of simulations on a yacht in different kinds of encounter situations were carried out to verify the effectiveness and the agility of the proposed CS-MPC COLAV algorithm.
Epidemiology of repeat influenza infection in Queensland, Australia, 2005–2017
Authors: Price Olivia , Birrell Frances A. , Mifsud Edin J. , Sullivan Sheena G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNatural infection with the influenza virus is believed to generate cross-protective immunity across both types and subtypes. However, less is known about the persistence of this immunity and thus the susceptibility of individuals to repeat infection. We used 13 years (2005–2017) of surveillance data from Queensland, Australia, to describe the incidence and distribution of repeat influenza infections. Consecutive infections that occurred within 14 days of prior infection were considered a mixed infection; those that occurred more than 14 days later were considered separate (repeat) infections. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to investigate the probability of reinfection over time and the Prentice, Williams and Peterson extension of the Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association of age and gender with reinfection. Among the 188 392 notifications received during 2005–2017, 6165 were consecutively notified for the same individual (3.3% of notifications), and 2958 were mixed infections (1.6%). Overall, the probability of reinfection was low: the cumulative incidence was <1% after one year, 4.6% after five years, and 9.6% after ten years. The majority of consecutive infections were the result of two type A infections (43%) and were most common among females (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.21), children aged less than 5 years (relative to adults aged 18–64 years aHR: 1.58, 95% CI 1.47–1.70) and older adults aged at least 65 years (aHR: 1.35; 95% CI 1.24–1.47). Our study suggests consecutive infections are possible but rare. These findings have implications for our understanding of population immunity to influenza.
A scoping review of factors potentially linked with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from turkeys (iAM.AMR Project)
Authors: Phillips Charly , Chapman Brennan , Agunos Agnes , Carson Carolee A. , Parmley E. Jane , Reid-Smith Richard J. , Smith Ben A. , Murphy Colleen P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex problem that is a threat to global public health. Consumption of turkey meat may be an important source of foodborne exposure to resistant bacteria; recent outbreaks of multi-drug-resistant Salmonella Reading in Canada and the USA have implicated raw turkey products. To better understand the epidemiology of AMR in farmed turkey production, a scoping review was conducted. The objectives were to identify (1) modifiable factors potentially associated with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica along the farm-to-fork pathway in turkeys, and (2) data gaps with respect to factors potentially associated with AMR and Canadian commercial turkey production. A comprehensive search of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted in 2019 and updated in 2021. Thirteen references were included, reporting 36 factors. Antimicrobial use factors and their potential associations with AMR were most frequently reported (n = 15 factors; 42%), followed by biosecurity (n = 11; 31%) and management practices (n = 10; 28%). This review revealed important data gaps; no factors pertaining to S. enterica or to stages other than the farm (e.g. abattoir, retail) were identified, and only one Canadian reference was identified. These findings will inform priorities for future research and surveillance regarding turkeys and AMR.
A comparison of ECG-based home monitoring devices in adults with CHD
Authors: Pengel Lindsay K.D. , Robbers-Visser Daniëlle , Groenink Maarten , Winter Michiel M. , Schuuring Mark J. , Bouma Berto J. , Bokma Jouke P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground:Various electrocardiogram (ECG)-based devices are available for home monitoring, but the reliability in adults with CHD is unknown. Therefore, we determined the accuracy of different ECG-based devices compared to the standard 12-lead ECG in adult CHD.Methods and results:This is a single-centre, prospective, cross-sectional study in 176 consecutive adults with CHD (54% male, age 40 ± 16.6 years, 24% severe CHD, 84% previous surgery, 3% atrial fibrillation (AF), 24% right bundle branch block). Diagnostic accuracy of the Withings Scanwatch (lead I), Eko DUO (precordial lead), and Kardia 6L (six leads) was determined in comparison to the standard 12-lead ECG on several tasks: 1) AF classification (percentage correct), 2) QRS-morphology classification (percentage correct), and 3) ECG intervals calculation (QTc time ≤ 40 ms difference). Both tested AF algorithms had high accuracy (Withings: 100%, Kardia 6L: 97%) in ECGs that were classified. However, the Withings algorithm classified fewer ECGs as inconclusive (5%) compared to 31% of Kardia (p < 0.001). Physician evaluation of Kardia correctly classified QRS morphology more frequently (90% accuracy) compared to Eko DUO (84% accuracy) (p = 0.03). QTc was underestimated on all ECG-based devices (p < 0.01). QTc duration accuracy was acceptable in only 51% of Withings versus 70% Eko and 74% Kardia (p < 0.001 for both comparisons).Conclusions:Although all devices demonstrated high accuracy in AF detection, the Withings automatic algorithm had fewest uninterpretable results. Kardia 6L was most accurate in overall evaluation such as QRS morphology and QTc duration. These findings can inform both patients and caregivers for optimal choice of home monitoring.
New Evidence on the Relative Scholarly Productivity of Male versus Female Political Scientists
Authors: Hill Kim Quaile , Hurley Patricia A. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTConsiderable research finds that male political scientists publish more research on average than do female political scientists. Yet the reasons for this difference are not entirely clear. Those findings may also overestimate the relative productivity of men because they do not account for the longer time that more men have been in the profession and thus have been publishing longer than women. For a prominent survey dataset of political scientists, we demonstrate notable cohort differences in the research productivity of both men and women across time. Our results also indicate that the overall greater productivity of men results in part from senior women scholars not generally enjoying the same benefits of long tenure on their research output as men do.
The question of definition: Armed banditry in Nigeria's North-West in the context of international humanitarian law
Authors: Osasona Tosin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn terms of its disruptive impact and intensity of violence, banditry is the gravest security threat that Nigeria currently faces, and it is driving her worst national humanitarian crisis in decades. There are contests about the origin, nature and the drivers of banditry and how well bandits by their modus operandi fit into the various definitional frameworks of an organized criminal group. The article examines what is known about bandits and banditry in light of existing definitional and conceptual paradigms of organized crime and criminal groups, and interrogates the applicability of international humanitarian law to this security crisis that characterizes the current face of conflict in the West African Sahel.
Anthropometric proxies for child neurodevelopment in low-resource settings: length- or height-for-age, head circumference or both?
Authors: Lamb Molly M. , Connery Amy K. , Colbert Alison M. , Bauer Desirée , Olson Daniel , Paniagua-Avila Alejandra , Calvimontes Diva M. , Bolaños Guillermo Antonio , Sahly Hana M. El , Muñoz Flor M. , Asturias Edwin J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStunting (<−2 SD of length- or height-for-age on WHO growth curves) is the most used predictor of child neurodevelopmental (ND) risk. Occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) may be an equally feasible, but more direct and robust predictor. We explored association of the two measurements with ND outcome, separately and combined, and examined if cutoffs are more efficacious than continuous measures in predicting ND risk. Infants and young children in rural Guatemala (n = 642; age range = 0.1–35.9 months) were enrolled in a prospective natural history study, and their ND was tested using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) longitudinally. Length- or height-for-age and OFC-for-age were calculated. We performed age-adjusted multivariable regression analyses to explore the association between 1) length or height and ND, 2) OFC and ND, and 3) both length or height and OFC combined, with ND; concurrently, predictively, and longitudinally, as continuous variables and using WHO z-score cutoffs. Continuous length- or height-for-age and OFC z-scores were more strongly associated with MSEL than the traditional -2 SD WHO cutoff. The combination of height-for-age z-score and OFC z-score was consistently, strongly associated with the MSEL Early Learning Composite concurrently (p-values 0.0004–0.11), predictively (p-value 0.001–0.07), with the exception of the 18–24 months age group which had very few records, and in the longitudinal model (p-value <0.0001–0.004). The combination of continuous length- or height-for-age and OFC shows additional utility in estimating ND risk in infants and young children. Measurement of OFC may improve precision of prediction of ND risk in infants and young children.