bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human talar ontogeny: Insights from morphological and trabecular changes during postnatal growth
Authors: Figus Carla , Stephens Nicholas B. , Sorrentino Rita , Bortolini Eugenio , Arrighi Simona , Lugli Federico , Marciani Giulia , Oxilia Gregorio , Romandini Matteo , Silvestrini Sara , Baruffaldi Fabio , Belcastro Maria Giovanna , Bernardini Federico , Erjavec Igor , Festa Anna , Hajdu Tamás , Mateovics‐László Orsolya , Novak Mario , Pap Ildikó , Szeniczey Tamás , Tuniz Claudio , Ryan Timothy M. , Benazzi Stefano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe study of the development of human bipedalism can provide a unique perspective on the evolution of morphology and behavior across species. To generate new knowledge of these mechanisms, we analyze changes in both internal and external morphology of the growing human talus in a sample of modern human juveniles using an innovative approach.Materials and MethodsThe sample consists of high‐resolution microCT scans of 70 modern juvenile tali, aged between 8 postnatal weeks and 10 years old, from a broad chronological range from Middle/Late Neolithic, that is, between 4800 and 4500 BCE, to the 20th century. We applied geometric morphometric and whole‐bone trabecular analysis (bone volume fraction, degree of anisotropy, trabecular number, thickness, and spacing) to all specimens to identify changes in the external and internal morphology during growth. Morphometric maps were also generated.ResultsDuring the first year of life, the talus has an immature and globular shape, with a dense, compact, and rather isotropic trabecular architecture, with numerous trabeculae packed closely together. This pattern changes while children acquire a more mature gait, and the talus tends to have a lower bone volume fraction, a higher anisotropy, and a more mature shape.DiscussionThe changes in talar internal and external morphologies reflect the different loading patterns experienced during growth, gradually shifting from an “unspecialized” morphology to a more complex one, following the development of bipedal gait. Our research shows that talar plasticity, even though genetically driven, may show mechanical influences and contribute to tracking the main locomotor milestones.
Polarization Rotator between the Linear Polarization and the Circular Polarization Based on the Layered Photonic Structure
Authors: Xing Feng‐Ge , Zhang Dan , Zhang Hai‐Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA polarization rotator is investigated using a layered photonic structure composed of nonlinear media with the Kerr and single negative materials including epsilon‐negative media and mu‐negative media. Since the zero effective phase (expressed as zero‐φeff) bandgap formed by the alternating epsilon‐negative media and mu‐negative media has the characteristics of broadband phase retardation, as well as the nonlinear effect of the defect layer, the reflection phase difference and polarization form can be adjusted by the incident angle and light intensity. Studying the effect of those two parameters on reflectivity, reflection phase difference, and the polarization form under the forward and backward incidence, it is found that different incident directions can coherently tune the polarization form. By adjusting the incident angle and light intensity, the linear polarization can be converted to the left‐handed circular polarization in the forward incidence, and it can be converted to the right‐handed circular polarization in the backward incidence, thereby obtaining two different forms of circular polarization. Therefore, the different handed circularly polarized waves with relatively wide bandwidths can be obtained by changing the incident direction of electromagnetic waves, which provides the basis for tunable polarization selectors.
Directly Imaging Dynamic Electronic Coupling during Electrochemical Oxidation of Single Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Jiang Bo , Gu Wenjie , Jiang Wenxuan , Lv Mengqi , Niu Ben , Wu Xue‐Jun , Wang Wei , Wang Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe electronic coupling between a metal electrode and single nano‐entities is of unfading significance which impacts the heterogeneous electron transfer. Herein, we demonstrated a simple optical technique for directly imaging the transient interfacial electronic coupling events during electrochemical oxidation of single Ag nanoparticles on Au electrode. The electronic coupling brings out a dramatic dip behavior of bright field imaging traces, and is conductive to cross the energy barrier of oxidation for single silver nanoparticles. This dip behavior is further verified by in situ vis‐transmission spectroscopy, and the heterogeneity of the Au−Ag electronic coupling down to single‐nanoparticle level is uncovered by unifying the morphology and size of individual silver nanoparticles. These results suggest the interfacial electronic coupling facilitates electron transfer of single nanoparticles, and provide important insight into understanding detailed mechanism of nanoelectrochemistry.
Tuning Intramolecular Stacking of Rigid Heteroaromatic Compounds for High‐Efficiency Deep‐Blue Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer Emission
Authors: Zhao Zhennan , Zeng Cheng , Peng Xiaomei , Liu Yuchao , Zhao Haisong , Hua Lei , Su Shi‐Jian , Yan Shouke , Ren Zhongjie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of ultrapure‐blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters featuring through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) have been constructed by close stacking between the donor and acceptor moieties in rigid heteroaromatic compounds. The obviously accelerated radiative transition of singlet excitons, the diminished vibrionic relaxation of ground and excited states, and the consequent reduced Stokes shift and the narrow emission are evident. The corresponding organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on AC‐BO realize the best performance among all deep‐blue TSCT‐TADF emitters, with an external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 19.3 %. Furthermore, the OLEDs based on QAC‐BO display an EQEmaxof 15.8 %, and achieve the first high‐efficiency ultrapure‐blue TSCT‐TADF material with an excellent Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinate (CIE) of (0.145, 0.076) which perfectly matches the ultrapure‐blue CIE requirements (0.14, 0.08) defined by the National Television System Committee.
Au⋅⋅⋅H−C Interactions Support a Robust Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Gold(I) Complex for OLEDs with Little Efficiency Roll‐Off and Good Stability
Authors: Feng Xingyu , Yang Jian‐Gong , Miao Jingsheng , Zhong Cheng , Yin Xiaojun , Li Nengquan , Wu Chao , Zhang Qizheng , Chen Yong , Li Kai , Yang Chuluo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe practical use of luminescent mononuclear gold(I) complexes as optoelectronic materials has been limited by their inferior stability. Herein we demonstrate a strategy to improve the stability of gold(I) complexes which display thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). A highly rigid and groove‐like σ‐donating aryl ligand has been used to form dual Au⋅⋅⋅H−C hydrogen bonds. The secondary metal‐ligand interactions have been authenticated by single‐crystal structure, NMR spectroscopy and theoretical simulations. The TADF AuI complex exhibits appealing emission properties (photoluminescence quantum yield=76 %; delayed fluorescence lifetime=1.2 μs) and much improved thermal and photo‐stability. Vacuum‐deposited organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) show promising electroluminescence with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) over 23 % and negligible efficiency roll‐off even at 10 000 cd m−2. An estimated LT50 longer than 77 000 h with initial luminance of 100 cd m−2 reveals good operational stability. This work suggests a way for design of stable luminescent gold(I) complexes.
Profiling and characterization of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz meal proteins
Authors: Perera Suneru P. , McIntosh Tara , Coutu Cathy , Tyler Robert T. , Hegedus Dwayne D. , Wanasundara Janitha P. D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProtein from camelina seed is a valuable co‐product that can be derived from the meal remaining after oil extraction. The current study describes the types and physicochemical properties of the major proteins present in camelina meal. Seed coat mucilage, which interferes with protein extraction, was removed from whole seeds by digestion with Viscozyme® and lipids were removed with hexane to obtain demucilaged/defatted meal. Protein comprised 51.3% of meal dry matter and the eight essential amino acids comprised 40.8% of total amino acids. The meal polypeptide profile showed bands originating from cruciferin (~44.1 and 51.7 kDa), napin (~14 kDa) and oil body proteins (OBP; ~15–20 kDa) resembling that of other crucifers. Cruciferins (11 isoforms) were the predominant proteins, while vicilins (6 isoforms) also were identified among the proteins soluble at pH 8.5. Among the proteins soluble at pH 3, napins (5 isoforms) comprised the majority, though late embryogenesis abundant proteins also were found. Camelina cruciferin and napin were confirmed to possess predominantly β‐sheet and α‐helix secondary structures, respectively. Camelina cruciferin structure was highly sensitive to changes in pH of the medium and underwent acid‐induced denaturation at pH 3, but exhibited high thermal stability (>80°C) at neutral and alkaline pHs. The structure of camelina napins was less sensitive to pH. The major proteins associated with oil bodies were oleosins (6 isoforms). Identification and characterization of the properties of camelina meal proteins will enable strategic paths for co‐product valorization such as developing plant protein ingredients.
Effect of synergy between pyrolysis carbon black and carbon nanofibers on composite properties
Authors: Yan Gang , Han Deshang , Li Li 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarbon nanofibers (CNFs) as new materials have been the focus of materials research, while being widely used in the processing of rubber composites. To solve the problem that CNFs are easy to agglomerate, the existing methods are mainly chemical modification of CNFs (complicated processing process), blending with fillers such as carbon nanotube (expensive material and high production cost ratio). In this study, we integrated the economics and processing methods, and used pyrolysis carbon black (CBp) and CNFs for blending to prepare rubber composites to solve the filler agglomeration problem. It was found that CBp and CNFs produce a synergistic effect, and the two are isolated from each other and in contact with each other, forming a more complete filler network inside the composite. Through the synergistic effect, the filler dispersion in the rubber becomes better and the performance of the composite is greatly improved. Compared with traditional filler blending, it is more economical and can save production costs to a great extent; compared with chemical modification, the process is simple and saves production time. The recycling of rubber products can be promoted through the mass use of CBp, which has a certain environmental protection effect. This study provides new ideas for polymer composite processing, and more experiments are needed later to verify the feasibility of this method.
Infrared and Raman spectroscopic analysis of functionalized graphene
Authors: Hinrichs Karsten , Neubert Tilmann , Kratz Christoph , Shaykhutdinov Timur , Rappich Jörg , Balasubramanian Kannan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this mini‐review, we discuss our work in the analysis of material properties of electrochemically functionalized graphene using infrared (IR) and Raman techniques as thin film sensitive vibrational spectroscopies. Multiscale characterization is demonstrated using a combination of IR spectroscopic ellipsometry (IRSE), confocal Raman spectroscopy (RS) and photothermal atomic force microscopy coupled IR analysis (AFM‐IR). IRSE is used for spots with dimensions of a few mm, RS for spots with a diameter of a few micrometer and AFM‐IR at the sub‐100 nm scale. In the first part of the article, functionalized large‐area graphene sheets electrochemically modified by ultrathin oligomer films of maleimidophenyl or 4‐aminophenyl acetic acid are studied. Characteristic molecular vibrations of the functional layers are analyzed by the IR methods, while the graphene‐related phonons are characterized by RS. This dual approach allowed for the determination of the attached functional groups as well as the identification of the nature of chemical coupling of the functional moieties to graphene. The thickness of the deposited layers extracted from IRSE data correlates very well with AFM measurements. In the second part of the article, functionalized graphene sheets are characterized by correlative vibrational optical spectroscopy directly at a device level.
Exploring the role and mechanism of gut microbiota in methamphetamine addiction using antibiotic treatment followed by fecal microbiota transplantation
Authors: Wang Qiuting , Guo Xiuwen , Yue Qingwei , Zhu Shaowei , Guo Liying , Li Guibao , Zhou Qidi , Xiang Yunzhi , Chen Ganggang , Yin Wei , Sun Jinhao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, the role of the gut microbiota in the context of drug addiction has attracted the attention of researchers; however, the specific effects and underlying mechanisms require further exploration. To accomplish this, C57BL/6 mice were firstly treated with methamphetamine (MA). Conditioned place preference (CPP) behavior changes, gut permeability and function, microglial activation, and inflammatory cytokine expression were systematically analyzed in antibiotics‐treated mice with microbiota depletion and in fecal microbiota transplantation mice with microbiota reconstitution. MA treatment altered microbiota composition and caused gut dysbiosis. Depletion of gut microbiota with antibiotics inhibited MA‐induced CPP formation, and fecal microbiota transplantation reversed this inhibition. Mechanistic analyses indicated that antibiotic treatment decreased gut permeability and neuroinflammation, while fecal microbiota transplantation offset the impact of antibiotic treatment. Additionally, MA‐induced microglial activation was suppressed by antibiotics but restored by microbiota transplantation, and this correlated well with the CPP score. Compared to antibiotic treatment, microbiota transplantation significantly increased 5‐HT4 receptor expression in both the nucleus accumbens and the hippocampus. Furthermore, when fecal microbiota from healthy mice was transplanted into MA‐treated mice, the CPP scores decreased. Our results provide a novel avenue for understanding MA addiction and suggest a potential future intervention strategy.
A Color‐tunable Nitride Phosphor for Near‐Ultraviolet Excitation of White Light‐emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Lixuan , Sun Dashuai , Lyu Zeyu , Shen Sida , Lu Zheng , Zhao Hanwei , Wang Jianhui , You Hongpeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the diversity of structure and composition and the unique coordination environment, nitride materials enable the doped activator ions to possess compelling luminescence characteristics, such as rich emission colors, favorable stability and tunable emission spectra. Here, novel SrLuSi4N7:Ce3+,Tb3+ nitride phosphors were successfully synthesized by a modified carbothermal reduction and nitridation method at atmospheric pressure. SrLuSi4N7 (SLSN) belongs to hexagonal symmetry, with space group P63mc, and its crystal structure is composed of the basic building block with corner‐sharing [SiN4] tetrahedron. Under 365 nm excitation, SLSN:Ce3+ exhibits a broad emission band peaking at 450 nm with a full width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 92 nm and the most forceful intensity obtained at the Ce3+ concentration amount of 0.04. On the basis of the efficient energy transfer, SLSN:Ce3+,Tb3+ exhibits color‐tunable emission from blue (450 nm) to green (545 nm). Our results indicate that SLSN nitride phosphor is a promising candidate for near‐ultraviolet (n‐UV) based white LEDs.
The screening and expression of polysaccharide deacetylase from Caulobacter crescentus and its function analysis
Authors: Liu Qing , Hao Li‐fang , Chen Yao , Liu Zhong‐cheng , Xing Wei‐wei , Zhang Chao , Fu Wen‐liang , Xu Dong‐gang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe bacterium Caulobacter crescentus secretes an adhesive polysaccharide called holdfast, which is the known strongest underwater adhesive in nature. The deacetylase encoded by hfs (holdfast synthesis) H gene is a key factor affecting the adhesion of holdfast. Its structure and function are not yet clear, and whether other polysaccharide deacetylases exist in C. crescentus is still unknown. The screening of both HfsH and its structural analogue as well as their purification from the artificial expression products of Escherichia coli is the first step to clarify these questions. Here, we determined the conserved domains of HfsH via sequence alignment among carbohydrate esterase family 4 enzymes and screened out its structural analogue (CC_2574) in C. crescentus. The recombinant HfsH and CC_2574 were effectively expressed in E. coli. Both of them were purified by chromatography from their corresponding productions in E. coli and were then functionally analyzed. The results indicated that a high deacetylase activity (61.8 U/mg) was observed in recombinant HfsH but not in CC_2574, which suggesting that HfsH might be the irreplaceable gene mediating adhesion of holdfast in C. crescentus. Moreover, the divalent metal ions Zn2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ could promote the activity of recombinant HfsH at the concentration from 0.05 to 1 mM, but inhibit its activity when the concentration exceeds 1 mM. In sum, our study first realized the artificial production of polysaccharide deacetylase HfsH and its structural analogue, and further explored their functions, both of which laid the foundation for the development of new adhesive materials.
Isolation, cloning, and functional analysis of a putative constitutive promoter of E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase RF4 from Coleus amboinicus Lour
Authors: Evangelene Christy SM , Arun V 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA promoter is a region in the genome sequence located upstream of the transcription start site comprising cis acting elements that initiates and regulates the transcription of an associated genes and restriction endonucleases. As the need for genetically engineered plants has widened, the requirement to develop methods to optimize the control of transgene expression has also increased. Therefore, analyzing the functionality of the promoter is very important in understanding the target gene expression. The widespread use of viral constitutive promoters (cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV35) has raised concerns about the safety and containment of transgene in the environment. Hence isolation and characterization of novel promoters using fast and efficient genetic engineering tools is the need of the hour. The present study, for the first time, describes the isolation and characterization of a novel constitutive promoter driving ubiquitin E3 ligase from the plant Coleus amboinicus, a perennial herb, of the Lamiaceae family. The functionality of the isolated promoter was demonstrated using the β ‐glucuronidase as a reporter in tobacco var Petit havana. The development of blue color in the tobacco leaves indicated the presence of a functional promoter.
Associations between maternal reports of periconceptional fever from miscellaneous causes and structural birth defects
Authors: Mohan Dass Nithya Lakshmi , Botto Lorenzo D. , Tinker Sarah C. , Canfield Mark A. , Finnell Richard H. , Gallaway Michael Shayne , Hashmi Syed Shahrukh , Hoyt Adrienne T. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Waller Dorothy K. ,   National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between birth defects and fevers attributed to colds, influenza, and urinary tract infections (UTIs) have been observed in previous studies. Our aim was to study associations between birth defects and fevers attributed to other causes.MethodsWe analyzed data from 34,862 participants in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multistate case–control study of major structural birth defects. Using multivariable logistic regression, we assessed the association between maternal report of fever during early pregnancy due to causes other than colds, influenza, or UTI and 36 categories of birth defects.ResultsMaternal reports of fever due to other causes were associated with significantly elevated odds ratios ranging from 1.93 to 10.60 for 8 of 36 birth defects, primarily involving the spine, limbs, and heart (spina bifida, intestinal atresia, intercalary limb deficiency, transverse limb deficiency, congenital heart defect with heterotaxy, tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia and atrial septal defect, not otherwise specified).ConclusionOur data suggests fever itself or other physiologic changes associated with many infections are associated with some birth defects. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant may want to consider speaking with their healthcare provider about the best ways to avoid infections that may cause fever and for guidance on how to treat fevers during pregnancy.
Development of virus‐like particles‐based vaccines against coronaviruses
Authors: Yong Chean Yeah , Liew Winnie Pui Pui , Ong Hui Kian , Poh Chit Laa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), and the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are the most impactful coronaviruses in human history, especially the latter, which brings revolutionary changes to human vaccinology. Due to its high infectivity, the virus spreads rapidly throughout the world and was declared a pandemic in March 2020. A vaccine would normally take more than 10 years to be developed. As such, there is no vaccine available for SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV. Currently, 10 vaccines have been approved for emergency use by World Health Organization (WHO) against SARS‐CoV‐2. Virus‐like particle (VLP)s are nanoparticles resembling the native virus but devoid of the viral genome. Due to their self‐adjuvanting properties, VLPs have been explored extensively for vaccine development. However, none of the approved vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 was based on VLP and only 4% of the vaccine candidates in clinical trials were based on VLPs. In the current review, we focused on discussing the major advances in the development of VLP‐based vaccine candidates against the SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and SARS‐CoV‐2, including those in clinical and pre‐clinical studies, to give a comprehensive overview of the VLP‐based vaccines against the coronaviruses.
Study on Components with Neuroinflammation Inhibitory Activities from Croton tiglium L. var. xiaopadou
Authors: Zhang Yanping , Sui Minghao , Bai Zisong , Zhou Di , Lin Bin , Chen Gang , Hou Yue , Li Ning 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn undescribed tigliane diterpenoid, 13‐acetyl‐12,17‐di‐O‐tiglylphorbol (1), along with thirty‐three known components, were isolated from the stems of Croton tiglium L. var. xiaopadou (Euphorbiaceae). Their structures were established based on spectroscopic data and ECD spectra. Their anti‐neuroinflammatory effects were evaluated in LPS‐induced BV‐2 microglia. Thirteen tested compounds showed significant inhibitory activities, especially compounds 10, 16, 18 and 21 exhibited an inhibitory effect with IC50 values in the range of 12.39 to 17.80 μM, which are comparable with that of the positive control (minocycline, IC50 13.92 μM).