bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying Machine Learning for Firebrand Production Prediction
Authors: Jha Anurag , Zhou Aixi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article presents a machine learning (ML) based metamodeling framework for firebrand production prediction. This framework was implemented to predict the firebrand areal mass density (FAMD) and firebrand areal number density (FAND) of landing firebrands using a large set of data from full-scale laboratory firebrand production experiments. The independent variables used in our ML models to predict the dependent variables FAND and FAMD were landing (or travel) distance, wind speed, and fuel type (structural and vegetative fuels). It was demonstrated that the non-linear non-parametric ML model, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), works the best for this purpose. The KNN model predicted discrete FAND and FAMD values with an accuracy higher than 90%. The current ML model can be used to predict locations with high risk of spotting ignition potential. This research is a small step towards the bigger goal of creating a numerical firebrand production simulator.
Short-Term Polar Motion Forecast Based on the Holt-Winters Algorithm and Angular Momenta of Global Surficial Geophysical Fluids
Authors: Luo Jiesi , Chen Wei , Ray Jim , Li Jiancheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
By taking into account the variable free polar motion (PM) known as the Chandler wobble (CW) and irregular forced PM excited by quasi-periodic changes in atmosphere, oceans and land water (described by the data of effective angular momenta EAM), we propose a short-term PM forecast method based on the Holt-Winters (HW) additive algorithm (termed as the HW-VCW method, with VCW denoting variable CW). In this method, the variable CW period is determined by minimizing the differences between PM observations and EAM-derived PM for every 8-year sliding timespan. Compared to the X- and Y-pole forecast errors (ΔPMX and ΔPMY) of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) Bulletin A, our results derived from operational EAM can reduce ΔPMX by up to 38.4% and ΔPMY by up to 34.3% for forecasts ranging from 1 to 30 days. Further, we prove that using EAM forecast instead of operational EAM in the HW-VCW method can achieve similar accuracies.
The Ontogeny of Vocal Sequences: Insights from a Newborn Wild Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Authors: Soldati Adrian , Muhumuza Geresomu , Dezecache Guillaume , Fedurek Pawel , Taylor Derry , Call Josep , Zuberbühler Klaus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObservations of early vocal behaviours in non-human primates (hereafter primates) are important for direct comparisons between human and primate vocal development. However, direct observations of births and perinatal behaviour in wild primates are rare, and the initial stages of behavioural ontogeny usually remain undocumented. Here, we report direct observations of the birth of a wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Budongo Forest, Uganda, including the behaviour of the mother and other group members. We monitored the newborn’s vocal behaviour for approximately 2 hours and recorded 70 calls. We categorised the vocalisations both qualitatively, using conventional call descriptions, and quantitatively, using cluster and discriminant acoustic analyses. We found evidence for acoustically distinct vocal units, produced both in isolation and in combination, including sequences akin to adult pant hoots, a vocal utterance regarded as the most complex vocal signal produced by this species. We concluded that chimpanzees possess the capacity to produce vocal sequences composed of different call types from birth, albeit in rudimentary forms. Our observations are in line with the idea that primate vocal repertoires are largely present from birth, with fine acoustic structures undergoing ontogenetic processes. Our study provides rare and valuable empirical data on perinatal behaviours in wild primates.
2-Aminobenzothiazole as an efficient corrosion inhibitor of AA6061-T6 in 0.5 M HCl medium: electrochemical, surface morphological, and theoretical study
Authors: Scaria P. Teenu , Shetty Prakasha , Kumari P. Preethi , Kagatikar Sneha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe inhibitive action of 2-aminobenzothiazole (ABT) on the corrosion of AA6061-T6 was evaluated in 0.5 M HCl by electrochemical techniques. The electrochemical results were validated by theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT). ABT showed a mixed inhibitor behaviour with 71–90% inhibition efficiency in the 1 × 10−4to 1 × 10−3 M concentration range and at 303 to 323 K temperature. The inhibition power of ABT increases with its concentration and rise in the temperature of the medium. The polarization results showed a reduction in corrosion rate and improvement in inhibition performance on increasing ABT concentrations, which reveal the ABT's adsorption on the alloy. The evaluation of kinetic and thermodynamic results revealed that ABT inhibits the AA6061-T6 corrosion by mixed adsorption, following the Langmuir isotherm model. The observed increase in polarization resistance with increased ABT concentrations indicates the attenuation of AA6061-T6 deterioration. Furthermore, the corroded and inhibited specimen's surface scanning is performed to confirm the ABT's adsorption on the alloy sample by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques.Graphical abstract
Recombinant human OVGP1 increases intracellular calcium and further potentiates the effects of progesterone on human sperm
Authors: Vanderkooi Sydney C. , Zhao Yuewen , Lima Patricia D. A. , Kan Frederick W. K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effects of recombinant human oviduct–specific glycoprotein (rHuOVGP1) alone and in combination with progesterone (P4) on intracellular Ca2+concentration [Ca2+]iand to investigate if rHuOVGP1 in combination with P4 can further enhance tyrosine phosphorylation (pY) of sperm proteins during human sperm capacitation.MethodsFluorometric flow cytometry was performed to examine the effects of rHuOVGP1 on [Ca2+]iin human sperm during capacitation. Confocal microscopy was used in conjunction with live cell imaging to analyze the influence of rHuOVGP1 and P4 on [Ca2+]iin the sperm tail and to examine the involvement of CatSper channels in their effect on [Ca2+]i. Western blot analysis was performed to assess the protein levels of p105, a major tyrosine-phosphorylated sperm protein.ResultsrHuOVGP1 increases [Ca2+]iin human sperm at the beginning of capacitation and further increases and sustains the level of [Ca2+]iin the sperm tail following the addition of P4. Inhibition of CatSper channels impedes the effects of rHuOVGP1 on [Ca2+]iin the sperm tail. P4 alone can increase pY of a major human sperm protein, p105, yet yields a further increase when used in combination with rHuOVGP1.ConclusionThe present study revealed that rHuOVGP1 may work with P4 to upregulate [Ca2+]iat the beginning of capacitation in part through CatSper channels which, in turn, leads to the downstream event of pY of sperm proteins and enhancement of sperm capacitation.
A new insight into the different approaches for the ablation of para-Hisian accessory pathways: safety, effectiveness, and mechanism
Authors: Pang Yang , Chen Qingxing , Xu Ye , Cheng Kuan , Ling Yunlong , Ge Junbo , Zhu Wenqing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
To compare the safety, effectiveness, electrophysiological characteristics, and mechanisms of different approaches for the ablation of para-Hisian accessory pathways (APs).

Method
Eighteen consecutive patients with para-Hisian APs were enrolled in this study. Detailed mapping of retrograde conduction as well as antegrade conduction (if possible) in both the right sided His bundle region and non-coronary cusp (NCC) region was performed before ablation. Ten patients underwent initial ablation in the right septal (RS) region while the remaining 8 patients were ablated in NCC region. Repeat ablation was attempted in an alternative region if ablation at the first site failed.

Results
Among the patients whose procedures were successful, 7 cases were successfully ablated with a NCC approach while 10 were conventionally ablated in RS region. For successful procedures targeting the NCC region, the earliest atrial activation (EAA) in NCC region preceded that at RS region by 4–13 ms. The distance between NCC targets and near-field His potential (NFH) points was longer than that between RS targets and NFH points. Additionally, the risk of complication after ablation in NCC region was lower compared with that following RS-targeted procedure.

Conclusion
NCC approach provided a high success rate and low risk of complication for the ablation of para-Hisian APs as long as EAA was observed in NCC region. Sites of successful para-Hisian AP ablation in NCC region had different retrograde mapping patterns in comparison with successful ablation sites in the RS region.
Unbounded Solutions to a System of Coupled Asymmetric Oscillators at Resonance
Authors: Boscaggin A. , Dambrosio W. , Papini D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe deal with the following system of coupled asymmetric oscillators $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \ddot{x}_1+a_1x_1^+-b_1x^-_1+\phi _1(x_2)=p_1(t) \\ \ddot{x}_2+a_2\,x_2^+-b_2\,x^-_2+\phi _2(x_1)=p_2(t), \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

x
¨

1

+

a
1

x
1
+

-

b
1

x
1
-

+

ϕ
1

(

x
2

)

=

p
1

(
t
)

x
¨

2

+

a
2

x
2
+

-

b
2

x
2
-

+

ϕ
2

(

x
1

)

=

p
2

(
t
)

,

where $$\phi _i: \mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

ϕ
i

:
R
→
R

is locally Lipschitz continuous and bounded, $$p_i: \mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

p
i

:
R
→
R

is continuous and $$2\pi $$

2
π

-periodic and the positive real numbers $$a_i, b_i$$

a
i

,

b
i

satisfy $$\begin{aligned} \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a_i}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b_i}}=\dfrac{2}{n}, \quad \text{ for } \text{ some } n \in \mathbb {N}. \end{aligned}$$

1

a
i

+

1

b
i

=

2
n

,

for

some

n
∈
N
.

We define a suitable function $$L: \mathbb {T}^2 \rightarrow \mathbb {R}^2$$

L
:

T

2

→

R

2

, appearing as the higher-dimensional generalization of the well known resonance function used in the scalar setting, and we show how unbounded solutions to the system can be constructed whenever L has zeros with a special structure. The proof relies on a careful investigation of the dynamics of the associated (four-dimensional) Poincaré map, in action-angle coordinates.
Research Progress of Long Non-coding RNAs in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Cai Zongyan , Han Xue , Li Ruizhe , Yu Tianci , Chen Lei , Wu XueXue , Jin Jiaxin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) can result in a partial or complete loss of motor and sensory function below the injured segment, which has a significant impact on patients' quality of life and places a significant social burden on them. Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) is a 200–1000 bp non-coding RNA that has been shown to have a key regulatory role in the progression of a variety of neurological illnesses. Many studies have demonstrated that differentially expressed LncRNAs following spinal cord injury can participate in inflammatory damage, apoptosis, and nerve healing by functioning as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA); at the same time, it has a significant regulatory effect on sequelae such neuropathic pain. As a result, we believe that LncRNAs could be useful as a molecular regulatory target in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of spinal cord injury.
Going underground: soil hydraulic properties impacting maize responsiveness to water deficit
Authors: Koehler Tina , Moser Daniel Sebastian , Botezatu Ákos , Murugesan Tharanya , Kaliamoorthy Sivasakthi , Zarebanadkouki Mohsen , Bienert Manuela Désirée , Bienert Gerd Patrick , Carminati Andrea , Kholová Jana , Ahmed Mutez 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Although the coordination between stomatal closure and aboveground hydraulics has extensively been studied, our understanding of the impact of belowground hydraulics on stomatal regulation remains incomplete. Here, we investigated whether and how the water use of maize (Zea mays L.) varied under hydraulically contrasting soil textures. Our hypothesis is that a textural-specific drop in the hydraulic conductivity is associated with a distinct decrease in transpiration during soil drying.

Methods
Maize plants were grown in contrasting soil textures (sand, sandy loam, loam) and exposed to soil drying. We measured the relationships between transpiration rate, soil water content as well as soil and leaf water potential. We used a soil-plant hydraulic model to reproduce the experimental observations and infer the hydraulic conductance of the soil-plant system during soil drying.

Results
We observed the impact of soil texture on plant response to soil drying in various relationships. The soil water potentials at which transpiration decreased were more than one order of magnitude more negative in loam than in sand. The soil-plant conductance decreased not only abruptly but also at less negative soil water potentials in sand than in sandy loam or loam. Stomata closed at less negative leaf water potentials in sand than in loam. The model predictions matched well the experimental observations.

Conclusion
The results elucidated that the critical soil water content and potential at which plants close stomata depends on the soil texture. These findings support our plea to include soil properties for understanding and predicting stomatal regulation during soil drying.
Scaling-up and proteomic analysis reveals photosynthetic and metabolic insights toward prolonged H2 photoproduction in Chlamydomonas hpm91 mutant lacking proton gradient regulation 5 (PGR5)
Authors: Liu Peng , Ye De-Min , Chen Mei , Zhang Jin , Huang Xia-He , Shen Li-Li , Xia Ke-Ke , Xu Xiao-Jing , Xu Yong-Chao , Guo Ya-Long , Wang Ying-Chun , Huang Fang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClean and sustainable H2 production is crucial to a carbon–neutral world. H2 generation by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an attractive approach for solar-H2 from H2O. However, it is currently not large-scalable because of lacking desirable strains with both optimal H2 productivity and sufficient knowledge of underlying molecular mechanism. We hereby carried out extensive and in-depth investigations of H2 photoproduction of hpm91 mutant lacking PGR5 (Proton Gradient Regulation 5) toward its up-scaling and fundamental mechanism issues. We show that hpm91 is at least 100-fold scalable (up to 10 L) with continuous H2 collection of 7287 ml H2/10L-HPBR in averagely 26 days under sulfur deprivation. Also, we show that hpm91 is robust and active during sustained H2 photoproduction, most likely due to decreased intracellular ROS relative to wild type. Moreover, we obtained quantitative proteomic profiles of wild type and hpm91 at four representing time points of H2 evolution, leading to 2229 and 1350 differentially expressed proteins, respectively. Compared to wild type, major proteome alterations of hpm91 include not only core subunits of photosystems and those related to anti-oxidative responses but also essential proteins in photosynthetic antenna, C/N metabolic balance, and sulfur assimilation toward both cysteine biosynthesis and sulfation of metabolites during sulfur-deprived H2 production. These results reveal not only new insights of cellular and molecular basis of enhanced H2 production in hpm91 but also provide additional candidate gene targets and modules for further genetic modifications and/or in artificial photosynthesis mimics toward basic and applied research aiming at advancing solar-H2 technology.
Local Thermodynamic Description of Isothermal Single-Phase Flow in Simple Porous Media
Authors: Galteland Olav , Rauter Michael T. , Bratvold Mina S. , Trinh Thuat T. , Bedeaux Dick , Kjelstrup Signe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDarcy’s law for porous media transport is given a new local thermodynamic basis in terms of the grand potential of confined fluids. The local effective pressure gradient is determined using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics, and the hydraulic conductivity and permeability are investigated. The transport coefficients are determined for single-phase flow in face-centered cubic lattices of solid spheres. The porosity changed from that in the closest packing of spheres to near unity in a pure fluid, while the fluid mass density varied from that of a dilute gas to a dense liquid. The permeability varied between$$5.7 \times {10^{-20}} \hbox {m}^2$$5.7×10-20m2and$$5.5 \times {10^{-17}} \hbox {m}^2$$5.5×10-17m2, showing a porosity-dependent Klinkenberg effect. Both transport coefficients depended on the average fluid mass density and porosity but in different ways. These results set the stage for a non-equilibrium thermodynamic investigation of coupled transport of multi-phase fluids in complex media.
A Deep Learning Approach to Clustering Visual Arts
Authors: Castellano Giovanna , Vessio Gennaro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClustering artworks is difficult for several reasons. On the one hand, recognizing meaningful patterns based on domain knowledge and visual perception is extremely hard. On the other hand, applying traditional clustering and feature reduction techniques to the highly dimensional pixel space can be ineffective. To address these issues, in this paper we propose : a DEep learning approach to cLustering vIsUal artS. The method uses a pre-trained convolutional network to extract features and then feeds these features into a deep embedded clustering model, where the task of mapping the input data to a latent space is jointly optimized with the task of finding a set of cluster centroids in this latent space. Quantitative and qualitative experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. can be useful for several tasks related to art analysis, in particular visual link retrieval and historical knowledge discovery in painting datasets.
Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Elizabethkingia miricola isolated from wastewater have biodegradable activity against fluoroquinolone
Authors: Shaker Reham Alaa Eldin , Nagy Yosra Ibrahim , Adly Mina E. , Khattab Rania Abdelmonem , Ragab Yasser M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCiprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LEV), widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotics, are often found in sewage from the sewage treatment plants and marine environment. In this study, CIP and LEV biodegrading bacterial consortia were obtained from industrial wastewater. Microorganisms in these consortia were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Elizabethkingia miricola (E. miricola). The impacts of the critical operating parameters on the elimination of CIP and LEV by bacterial consortia have been investigated and optimized to achieve the maximum levels of CIP and LEV biodegradation. Using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS), possible degradation pathways for CIP and LEV were suggested by analyzing the intermediate degradation products. The role of the enzymes fluoroquinolone-acetylating aminoglycoside (6′-N-acetyltransferase) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in the breakdown of fluoroquinolones (FQs) was investigated as well. According to our findings, various biodegradation mechanisms have been suggested, including cleavage of piperazine ring, substitution of F atom, hydroxylation, decarboxylation, and acetylation, as the main biotransformation reactions. This study discovers the ability of non-reported bacterial strains to biodegrade both CIP and LEV as a sole carbon source, providing new insights into the biodegradation of CIP and LEV.
Graphical abstract
Real-world experience with ruxolitinib for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease: a single center experience
Authors: Spałek Adrianna , Wieczorkiewicz-Kabut Agata , Koclęga Anna , Woźniczka Krzysztof , Węglarz Patryk , Boral Kinga , Kata Dariusz , Zielińska Patrycja , Helbig Grzegorz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSteroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Ruxolitinib (RUX), an oral JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, has recently been approved for patients with SR-aGVHD. The aim of this study was to evaluate RUX efficacy and toxicity in a real-world setting. Eighteen patients received RUX at 5 mg or 10 mg twice a day after a median 3 lines of prior unsuccessful immunosuppressive therapy. Median time on RUX therapy was 28 days (range 7–129). Five patients (28%) responded to RUX, including 4 complete responses and 1 partial response. Response to RUX was irrespective of aGVHD grade and the number of involved organs. One-year overall survival (OS) was 60% for RUX-responders versus 31% for non-responders (p = ns). Treatment duration greater than 29.5 days was found to have a positive impact on OS (p < 0.007). Major adverse events during RUX treatment were grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia (61% of patients) and cytomegalovirus reactivation (50%). After median follow-up of 55 days (range 29–706), 14 patients (78%) died, mainly due to further progression of GVHD. RUX may represent a valuable therapeutic option for some patients with advanced SR-aGVHD, but more studies are warranted.
Experimental observations on turbulent boundary layers subjected to a step change in surface roughness
Authors: Gul M. , Ganapathisubramani B. 
Published: August 2022

Based on experimental data acquired with particle image velocimetry, we examine turbulent boundary layers that are subjected to an abrupt change in wall roughness in the streamwise direction. Three different sandpapers (P24, P36 and P60) together with a smooth wall are used to form a number of different surface transition cases, including both R

$\rightarrow$

S (where upstream surface is rough and second surface is either smooth or smoother compared with the upstream surface) and S

$\rightarrow$

R (where upstream surface is smoother compared with the downstream surface; both surfaces are rough). This enables us to investigate the effect of the surface transition strength (

$M = \ln [y_{02}/y_{01}]$

, where

$y_{01}$

and

$y_{02}$

are the roughness lengths of the upstream and downstream surfaces, respectively) on the growth of the internal boundary layer (IBL) and the corresponding flow structure. The results show that for each surface transition group (i.e. R

$\rightarrow$

S and S

$\rightarrow$

R), the thickness of the IBLs is proportional to the strength of the surface transition, and that the IBLs are thicker for the S

$\rightarrow$

R cases compared with their R

$\rightarrow$

S counterparts for similar

$|M|$

, when normalised by the initial boundary layer thickness (

$\delta _0$

). The results also show that the growth rates of the IBLs could be represented by a power law, consistent with the previous studies. However, despite a wide range of scatter in the literature for the power-law exponent, an average value of

$0.75$

(varies between

$0.71$

and

$0.8$

with no clear trend) is obtained in the present study considering all the surface transition cases. The pre-factor for the power-law fit, on the other hand, is found to be related to the strength of the surface transition. In addition to the variations in the velocity defect and diagnostic plots with the growth of the IBLs, sweep and ejection events appear to differ significantly (depending on the type of the step change). Two-point spatial correlations, moreover, show that the structure is more elongated in the wall-normal and streamwise directions, as the flow accelerates over the downstream surface (i.e. R

$\rightarrow$

S cases). For the reverse transition cases (i.e. S

$\rightarrow$

R, where the flow decelerates over the downstream rougher surface), however, the correlation coefficients shrink in size in both directions.