bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of EL-468, and Ac 217,300 for Control of Imported Fire Ants, 1980
Authors: Williams D.F. , Lofgren C.S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field tests were initiated in Hamilton Co, FL with EL-468 (Eli Lilly and Company), and AC 217,300 (American Cyanamid Company) formulated as bait toxicants for control of natural infestations of the red imported fire ant (RIFA). Baits were formulated in 30% soybean oil and 70% pregel defatted corn grits (PDCG). The AC 217,300 was formulated in a 25% soybean oil and 75% expanded corncob grit bait (ECG). The EL-468 baits formulation also contained 0.25% Calico oil blue dye in the soybean oil so that worker ants could be collected and examined for uptake of the bait. All applications were made using a tractor-mounted auger applicator. Fifty 1-acre plots were established in an improved pasture of bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon (L.) and each plot contained a 0.5-acre circular subplot for evaluation. The population index method (Harlan et al; 1981. Southwestern Entomol. 6: 150-157) was used for evaluation. Five 1-acre untreated plots were used as checks. Twenty-four hours following treatment with the EL-468 baits, 25 colonies in each treated plot were sampled to determine the percentage of ants that fed on the bait. Post-treatment evaluations were made at 6 and 30 wk. The reason that evaluations were not made at 12 and 18 wk post treatment was due to severe drought conditions occurring between the 6 and 30 wk post treatment periods. Under these conditions evaluations are not possible since the ants move deep underground, and thus, are not available for observation.
Control of Psoroptes Mites on Rabbits, 1982
Authors: Wright F.C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rabbits infested with Psoroptes cuniculi Delafond, the ear canker mite, or P. ovis (Hering), the common scabies mite of sheep and cattle, were treated with various acaricides at different concentrations. All rabbits wore plastic collars to restrict grooming, and both ears of each rabbit tested were at least one-half filled with canker and scabs. The acaricides were usually tested as technical materials formulated as emulsifiable concentrates (EC) in xylene:Triton X-100 (65:10) or as company formulations. Solutions containing 0.0001-1.0% were prepared in 25-ml volumes and administered as ear washes to the rabbits. Each ear was filled with test solution, held, and massaged gently for 1 min. The outside of the ears and the areas around the base of the ears were swabbed with the test material. Control rabbits were treated with the appropriate solvent system in the same manner. At weekly intervals the ears of the treated rabbits were checked for live mites with an otoscope. If live mites could not be seen by 6 wk (42 days), the ear canals were swabbed and the swabs examined for live mites with the aid of a dissecting microscope.
Control of Cotton Leafperforator, 1981
Authors: Flint Hollis M. , Merkle John R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insect growth regulating compounds were tested against the cotton leafperforator in a field of short staple cotton on the Arizona State University research farm, Maricopa Co, AZ. The treatment materials were: Thompson-Hayward diflubenzuron, TH-6043, TH-6044 (all WP 25 formulations), and Maag Agrochemicals R0 13-5223 (WP 50). Each was formulated in water at a rate of 0.125 and 0.25 lb ai in 20 gal spray/acre and applied with pressurized 3-gal hand-held sprayers. Attention was given to coverage of upper and lower leaf surfaces of the upper third of each plant. Three replicate plots, 4 rows x 25 ft, for each treatment plus control were arranged in a randomized block design through the center of the field. Plots were sprayed at approximately weekly intervals beginning Aug 19 and ending Sep 22, a total of 5 applications. Samples of 50 leaves/plot were taken from the new leaves at the tops of the plants on Sep 10 and Sep 29. Each leaf was appraised for damage using 3 categories: 1) presence of leaf mines, 2) presence of perforations or ‘windows’ made by larvae feeding on the lower leaf surface, and 3) horseshoes (larvae in webbing between 4th and 5th instars). The percentages of damaged leaves were normalized by an arcsine transformation and then subjected to analysis of variance to test for significant differences between means. Duncan’s multiple range tests were used to separate means into significant ranges.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1982
Authors: Swift Fred C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 12-year-old orchard of apples located at Cream Ridge, N.J. was used in these tests. In the first experiment acaricides were applied on Jul 14 to single-tree plots of Golden Delicious replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. In the second experiment, single-tree plots of Red Delicious, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design, were sprayed on Jul 16. The trees were sprayed to run-off (ca 5 gal/tree) using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun. Mite population estimates were made by randomly picking 15 leaves from each tree, brushing the mites onto glass plates, and counting mobile mites.
Citrus Bud Mite Control in Orange County, 1982
Authors: Morse J. G. , Jesser M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were tested for efficacy against the citrus bud mite in a 23-year-old lemon grove (NW-SE rows, 24 ft × 19 ft spacing) in Field 7 of the U.C. South Coast field Station near Irvine, CA. Treatments were applied May 26 using a Kinkilder low-volume mist sprayer with attached 10-foot citrus tower at approximately 100 gal per acre. Each material was applied to 2 adjacent 16-tree rows with 4 trees randomly chosen for each material as permanent data trees. Four young terminals were chosen from each sample date from the inner row side of each data tree. On each terminal, 5 buds were dissected and the percent infested buds was calculated.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Selhime A. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Varying rates of Vendex with and without 435 Oil were evaluated for efficacy against citrus rust mite as dilute full coverage sprays on 5-year-old navel orange trees. Materials were applied Jun 30 with a handgun and a truck-mounted sprayer. Pressure at the pump was maintained at 400 psi. Plots consisted of 4 trees with 5 replications in a randomized complete block design. Citrus rust mites were sampled from both leaves and fruit. Twenty leaves/rep from the last mature flush were harvested and adult citrus rust mites seen in four 10X binocular microscope fields/leaf from 2 upper and 2 lower leaf-surface fields were counted in the laboratory. On fruit, numbers of mites were counted from two 10X hand lens fields of 1 cm each/20 fruit/rep. Water pH in 2 samples was 7.1 and 7.4.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Scranton, Pa, 1982
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kleiner B. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were applied Aug 10 to a hairy chinch bug infested sodded lawn, consisting of 100% Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment plots were 5 × 5 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied in 0.5 gal of water with a hand-held sprinkling can. At treatment time, the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 75°F; soil temperature, 48°F; soil type, sandy-clay-loam; percent organic matter, 2.2; soil pH, 5.3; soil condition, moist; amount of thatch, 0.25 in; and skies were clear and sunny. A flotation method was used for sampling, using 6-in diameter circular cans. Post-treatment counts were made 17 days later (Aug 27). Three locations were randomly selected within each replicate,„and the total number of chinch bugs rising to the surface over 10-min count (per location) was recorded and converted to a ft2 count. An average of 110 chinch bug nymphs and adults per ft2 was recorded Aug 10 prior to treatment.
Greenbug Aphid Control in Kentucky Bluegrass Turf, 1982
Authors: Kennedy M. Keith , Rodencal Jeff 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental site was a home lawn in Columbus, OH comprised of 80% Kentucky bluegrass and 20% crabgrass. Grass height was approximately 6 in during the experiment with 0-0.5 in of thatch. The grass showed slight damage from aphid feeding. Conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temperature, 60 F; relative humidity, 30-40%; calm winds; clear skies; and moist soil conditions. Six treatments replicated 4 times were applied to 5 ft × 10 ft (1.5m × 3m) plots arranged in an RCB design. Applications were made on Oct 11, using a CO2 pressurized sprayer with three 9520 nozzles mounted on a 5 ft aluminum boom operating at 25 psi with a 4 gal/1000 ft2 spray rate. None of the experimental plots were irrigated following application. Pretreatment counts showed.an aphid population from 25 to 660/ft2. The experimental plots were evaluated 7 DAT by randomly taking 4 cupcutter plugs (0.1 f t) from each plot and extracting the aphids from each plug with a Berlese funnel for 24 hr (25 watt bulb).
Insecticide Efficacy Against Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Massachusetts Golf Course, 1982
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticide formulations were tested for efficacy against Japanese beetle grubs on a golf course rough in Bolton, MA. Granular materials were applied by hand shaking from a glass jar with a perforated lid. Liquids were applied with 12 1 water in a watering can. All applications were made in 2 (perpendicular) directions within each 3.05 m square plot. All tests were replicated 5 times in a complete randomized block design. Ca 2 cm water was applied to the entire area,immediately after all materials had been applied. All insecticides were applied Aug 3 and plots were sampled Sep 29. A 0.093 m" section of sod, ca 7.5 cm deep, was removed from the center of each plot, inspected on the spot, and the number of healthy grubs recorded.
Chemical Control of Japanese Beetle in Turf in New Hampshire, 1982
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Watkins Bob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five treatments were applied to a golf course fairway on Aug 27. Plots were 10 × 10 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Proxol 80SP and Oftanol 2F were applied in a solution of 15 gal of water per 1000 sq ft. Proxol 30SP and Oftanol 2F were watered in with a hand-held sprinkler can. The granular insecticides were applied with a Scott's drop spreader and they were not watered. Plots were rated Sep 10 and Oct 13. Natural rainfall was 0.3 in between Aug 27 and Sep 10. Soil was a sandy loam and thatch depth was 0.25 in. Three 0.23 sq. ft samples were taken per plot.
Efficacy Evaluation with Fenpropathrin, California, 1982
Authors: Parrella M. P. , Robb K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fenpropathrin was tested for efficacy against newly eclosed and late third-stage larvae of a serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). Standardized 3-leaved chrysanthemum plants were exposed to ovipositing adult flies for 1.0 h and pesticide application was made to runoff with a 1-gal hand sprayer at 60 psi when larvae were at specific stages in their development. Fenpropathrin was applied with a sticker spreader, B-1956, at 1.0 ml/100 gal water. After spraying plants were placed on greenhouse benches. Pretreatment counts were made the day before pesticide application. Efficacy was based on the number of emergent pupae and subsequent adults per plant compared to a water check. There were five chrysanthemum plants per larval age class, with a 5-plant control per larval age class.
Phytotoxicity Following Drench Applications of 0Xamyl, Georgia, 1982:
Authors: Oetting Ronald D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials were conducted in Jul and Aug on 11 species of greenhouse-grown ornamental plants. Oxamyl in solutions of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 lb ai/100 gal was applied as a drench to ornamental plants grown in a 1:1 mixture of Metro Mix 300 and peat moss. Fifty ml of the solution was poured onto the media in 75 mm pots and 100 ml into 115 mm pots. Treatments consisted of single pots replicated 6 times. Evaluations for plant damage were made each week and the damage was rated on a scale of 0-3: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe damage.
Phytotoxicity Trials on Bedding Plants, California, 1982
Authors: Parrella M. P. , Robb K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity tests were conducted on 13 species of plants with 3 rates of fenpropathrin 0.075, 0.10 and 0.40 lb ai/100 gal. The material was applied to runoff with a hand gun operating from a 2.5 gpm piston pump at 125 psi with a 5003 nozzle. Plants were sprayed outdoors in early morning (T = 23.9°C) at a cooperating nursery on Jun 29 and Jul 5. One flat consisting of 9 pony-paks with 6 plants/pony-pak were sprayed per dosage except for chrysanthemums with 94-in pots per flat. After spraying, plants were left at the nursery where they were under normal nursery maintenance. Phytotoxicity readings were made weekly for 4 wk after spraying and compared to a water check.
Phytotoxicity on Woody Ornamentsla, 1980
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Spinney Tim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were evaluated for phytotoxicity on English Yew, Taxus baccata and Blue Spruce, Picea pungens at the University of New Hampshire Horticultural Farm in Durham, NH. Plants were sparyed on Sep 4 & 8 at rates of O.5, IX (recommended rates), 2X and 4X using a CO2 compression sprayer at 40 psi. Each experimental rate was applied to 4 single plant replicates, to the point of runoff. The ornamentals were examined 3, 4, 7, 14, 20, and 27 days after application.
Control of Winter Grain Mites in Rye Grass Turf, 1982
Authors: Kennedy M. Keith , Rodencal Jeff 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental site consisted of a stand of 100% improved rye grass surrounding a commercial office building in Whitehall, OH. Several locations on the property showed heavy mite damage on Apr 16 and active adults were easily visible in the thatch and on the foliage. Environmental conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temperature, 55 F; relative humidity, 90%; wind from the south at 5-10 mph; overcast skies; and moist soil conditions. Mowing height of the turf was 2.5-3 in. Six treatments replicated 4 times were applied to 5 ft × 10 ft (1.5m × 3m) experimental plots arranged in a RCB design. Applications were made Apr 17 using a CO2 pressurized sprayer with three 9520 nozzles mounted on a 5 ft aluminum bloom, operating at 25 psi with a 4 gal/1000 ft2 spray rate. None of the treatments was 2 irrigated following application. Rainfall 4 DAT was ca 0.09 in. Pretreatment counts showed.a range of 450 to 1660 mites/ft . The experimental plots were evaluated at 4 DAT by randomly taking 4 cup-cutter plugs (0.1 ft) from each plot and extracting the active WGM's/plug in a Berlese funnel for 24 hr (25 watt bulb).
Japanese Beetle Grub Control on Perennial Ryegrass at University Park, PA, 1982
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J. , Boggs J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were applied Sep 14 to a Japanese beetle grub infested perennial ryegrass experimental area. Treatment plots were 10 × 10 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied in 3 gal of water with a hand-held sprinkling can. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker, followed by watering-in with 3 gal water. At treatment time, the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 75 F; soil temperature, 58 F; soil type, silt-clay-loam; soil pH, 6.4; percent organic matter, 2.6; soil condition, moist; amount of thatch, 0.125; and skies were heavily overcast. Post-treatment counts were made 42 days later (Oct 26). Four 1-ft2 sod-samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of surviving Japanese beetle grubs was recorded for each ft2 sample.
Spruce Budworm Control on Balsam Fir Christmas Trees, 1981
Authors: Swier Stanley R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were evaluated on balsam fir for the control of spruce budworm larvae at the Weir Christmas Tree Farm, Colebrook, N.H. The chemicals were applied on May 29. The treatments were rated 4 days after application. Treatments were applied with a 1-gal 8 & G sprayer at 30 psi. Treatments were replicated 4 times. Each replicate represented one, 6-ft balsam fir tree. When rating the replicates, 10 three-inch branch tips were evaluated for number of dead and alive budworm per tree.
Dry Season Control of Leafminer on Pole Beans, 1982
Authors: Nafus D. M. , Schreiner I. H. , Bjork C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Inarajan, Guam. Seeds were planted Mar 12, at a density of 2 seeds per hill with 1 ft spacing between hills. Each plot consisted of 3 rows, 15 ft long and 4 ft apart. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. A barrier row of sweet corn was planted between rows to reduce drift. Sprays were applied with a Solo backpack sprayer 425. Triton B 1956 was used as a sticker at the rate of 1 tsp/3 gal. Once flowering began, all plots were treated with Dipel twice weekly to reduce pod borer numbers, otherwise the check would have produced no yield. Sulfur was applied as needed to control broad mites. The plots were treated both preplant and one month after planting with Terrachlor and Captan to control Rhizoctonia root rot, despite which some plants died from the fungus.
Wet Season Control of Leafminer on Pole Beans, 1981
Authors: Schreiner I. H. , Nafus D. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Inarajan, Guam. Seeds were planted on Aug 19 at a density of 2 seeds per hill with a 1 ft spacing between hills. Each plot consisted of 2 rows, 21 ft long and 3 ft apart. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. A barrier row of the same variety of beans was planted between rows to reduce drift. Sprays were applied with a Solo backpack sprayer 425. Once flowering began, all plots were treated with Dipel once a week to control pod borer. Sulfur was applied as needed to control broad mites. Leaves were examined for the presence of live miners. Rhizoctonia root rot caused considerable plant death so yields are not reported.
Evaluation of Dipel in Late Snap Beans, 1982
Authors: Klostermeyer L. E. , Mullins C. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Snap beans were planted at the Plateau Experiment Station, Crossville, TN on Jul 15. Plots were 3 rows × 20 ft with 1 untreated row between plots. Row spacing was 38 inches. Treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied on Aug 20 and Sep 10 with a 2-gal hand sprayer at 50 gal/acre. Sevin, Lannate, and Orthene were included as standards. One treated row/plot was sampled by taking 5 sweeps along the row (ca 15-row ft) with a 15-inch diameter insect net. A different row was sampled on each date to reduce plant damage. There were 0.2 lepidopterous caterpillars (mainly corn earworms and European corn borers), 1.8 Mexican bean beetle (MBB) adults and 0.45 MBB larvae per plot prior to the initial treatment. A 3-ft section from each middle row was hand harvested on Sep 14.
Seasonal thermal performance evaluation of the composite planted roof in subtropical area
Authors: Li Yi , Yang Wansheng , Ling Zipeng , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planted roof works as a passive technology of saving building as well as reducing the building energy consumption. Actual projects show that the structure of the planted roof, for example, the soil, may decrease the heat dissipation capacity of the planted roof, resulting in the temperature rise, higher than the non-planted roof when it is at night, in the bottom of planted roof and, thus, the energy consumption of planted roof might be increased. In regard of this, four novel composite planted roofs that combined water storage and ventilation technology were proposed. Theoretically, the innovative roofs can enhance the dissipation capacity of planting layer and reduce the reverse heat transfer at night. Four types of composite planted roof models have been tested under the subtropical climate in Guangzhou. The results show that the heat insulation effect of the composite planted roof performs better than the ordinary in summer. The average total heat flow, when in summer, of modules A, B, C and D are 424.6, 333.9, 627.1 and 292.7 W/m2, respectively. In comparison with the bare roof, the intake heat of the control room was reduced by 50.1%, 60.7%, 26.2% and 65.6%, respectively. Also, the mechanical ventilation in soil layer can improve the insulation effect of the roof. However, the module with water storage and planting displayed the worst insulation performance. In addition, a mathematical model of the composite planted roof was established, and the average error between the calculated soil temperature value and the experimental data was less than 6%.
Multiplex LC-MS/MS Testing for Early Detection of Kidney Injury: A Next-Generation Alternative to Conventional Immunoassays?
Authors: van Duijl Tirsa T , Ruhaak L Renee , van Kooten Cees , de Fijter Johan W , Cobbaert Christa M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
LC-MS/MS has enabled the translation of many novel biomarkers to the clinical laboratory, but its potential for measurement of urinary proteins is still unexplored. In this study we examined the correlation and agreement between immunoassay and LC-MS/MS in the quantitation of kidney injury biomarkers and evaluated the application of technical LC-MS/MS meta-data assessment to ensure test result validity.

Methods
NGAL, IGFBP7, TIMP2, and KIM-1 were quantified in 345 urine samples with one multiplex lab-developed test that combines immunocapture with mass spectrometry read-out and 4 singleplex sandwich-type immunoassays. Assay performance and imprecision were monitored by 2 urine-based quality controls. Ion ratios, signal intensity, and retention time were monitored over all study samples.

Results
The LC-MS/MS retention time drift was ≤1.2%, ion ratios were within 20% of the target values at concentrations of &gt;100 pmol/L, and peptides originating from the same protein were in agreement (slopes between 1.03 and 1.41). The interassay CV was between 9.3% and 19.1% for LC-MS/MS analysis and between 4.2% and 10.9% for immunoassay. Direct LC-MS/MS analysis was correlated with immunoassay in the quantitation of NGAL (r = 0.93; range: 0.01–37 nmol/L), IGFBP7 (r = 0.80; range: 0.01–2.6 nmol/L), TIMP2 (r = 0.85; range: 0.01–6.3 nmol/L), and KIM-1 (r = 0.70; range 0.01–0.4 nmol/L), but the analytical methodologies differed in measurands and calibration strategies.

Conclusions
LC-MS/MS is explored as a next-generation technology for multiplex urinary protein measurement. It has great potential to overcome nonselectivity and lack of standardization because of its capability of directly measuring well-defined molecular proteins.