bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic revision of the parasitoid wasp genus Glyptapanteles Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) for Australia results in a ten-fold increase in species
Authors: Fagan-Jeffries Erinn P. , McClelland Alana R. , Bird Andrew J. , Giannotta Madalene M. , Bradford Tessa M. , Austin Andrew D. 
Published: February 2022

Despite several decades of active research, there are still substantial gaps in the knowledge of parasitoid wasps in Australia, with many families and genera yet to be revised using modern approaches and only a fraction of the estimated fauna currently described. The genus Glyptapanteles Ashmead, 1904 is a member of the subfamily Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and all species in the subfamily are lepidopteran parasitoids. The genus previously contained only three species known from Australia: G. deliasa Austin & Dangerfield, 1992, G. drioplanetus Fagan-Jeffries & Austin, 2021 and G. mnesampela Austin, 2000. To undertake a revision of this morphologically-conserved group in Australia, we used a combination of molecular (cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) and wingless genes) and minimal morphological data to delimit and describe an additional 31 species: G. austini Fagan-Jeffries & Bird sp. nov. and the following 30 species all authored by Fagan-Jeffries, Bird & Austin: G. albigena sp. nov., G. andamookaensis sp. nov., G. arcanus sp. nov., G. aspersus sp. nov., G. austrinus sp. nov., G. baylessi sp. nov., G. bradfordae sp. nov., G. cooperi sp. nov., G. doreyi sp. nov., G. dowtoni sp. nov., G. eburneus sp. nov., G. erucadesolator sp. nov., G. ferrugineus sp. nov., G. foraminous sp. nov., G. goodwinnoakes sp. nov., G. guzikae sp. nov., G. harveyi sp. nov., G. kingae sp. nov., G. kittelae sp. nov., G. kurandaensis sp. nov., G. lambkinae sp. nov., G. lessardi sp. nov., G. mouldsi sp. nov., G. niveus sp. nov., G. rixi sp. nov., G. rodriguezae sp. nov., G. ruhri sp. nov., G. sanniopolus sp. nov., G. vergrandiacus sp. nov. and G. wrightae sp. nov. We provide a key to species groups and to the species able to be identified on morphological characters alone. Additionally, we provide a brief discussion of the difficulties in describing small, morphologically conserved wasps and the challenges associated with revising the taxonomy of hyperdiverse taxa in the context of the planned mission of Taxonomy Australia to accelerate the documentation of Australia’s biodiversity.
Comparative Evaluation of Apical Debris Extrusion during Root Canal Preparation using Three Different Rotary File Systems: A Study Protocol
Authors: Rajnekar Rutuja , Mankar Nikhil 
Published: February 2022

Background: Apical extrusion of debris leads to postoperative inflammation and endodontic failure.
Objectives: To comparatively evaluate debris extrusion by using Trunatomy rotary files, 2 shape, ProTaper next rotary files.
Methodology: Sixty Extracted single rooted human premolar teeth will be included in the study. After access opening, canal patency will be established by 15 K-file till the apical foramen followed by determination of working length by visual method. Now the samples will be divided into 3 groups: Group1: Trunatomy, Group 2: 2 shape file, Group 3: ProTaper Next files. Following this the manufacturer's instructions will be followed for the instrumentation. During instrumentation, extruded debris and irrigants will be collected into the preweighed test tubes. Following this, these tubes will be stored in an incubator at the temperature of 70°C for next 5 days. To evaluate the resultant weight of extruded debris, these test tubes will be weighed.
Expected Results: Trunatomy rotary file system is expected to produce less debris than 2 shape, ProTaper Next file system.
Conclusion: This study would be helpful for clinicians to choose better and efficient file system for instrumentation which produce comparatively less debris extrusion further reducing the chances of endodontic flareup.
Nanoplatform Self‐Assembly from Small Molecules of Porphyrin Derivatives for NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging Guided Photothermal‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Cao Yanbing , Wei De , Yang Lixia , Luo Zijin , Yu Peiwen , Li Hao , Zhang Cao , Liu Xiaolong , Wu Fengshou , Wu Ming , Zeng Yongyi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCombinatorial photothermal and immunotherapy have demonstrated great potential to remove primary tumors, suppress metastases, and prevent tumor recurrence. However, this strategy still confronts patients with many limitations, such as complex components, sophisticated construction, and inadequate therapeutic efficacy. In this work, small molecules of porphyrin derivatives (PPor) which can self‐assemble into monodispersed nanoparticles without supplement of any other ingredients or surfactants are developed. The formed PPor nanoparticles (PPor NPs) exhibit highly photothermal conversion efficiency of 70% and NIR‐II luminous abilities originate from the strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect of D‐A structure under 808 nm laser irradiation, thus achieving NIR‐II fluorescence imaging guided photothermal therapy (PTT) against primary tumors with a high cure rate. More importantly, tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs), together with damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from PTT‐treated cancer cells, are proved to elicit immune responses to some degree. After combination with programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) antibodies, a robust systematic antitumor immunity is generated to restrain both primary and abscopal tumors growth, prolong survival, and prevent pulmonary metastasis on an aggressive 4T1 murine breast tumor model. Thus, this study provides a promising therapeutic paradigm with porphyrin derivatives nano‐assembly as phototheranostic agents for the treatment of aggressive tumors with high efficiency.
Tungsten Nanoparticles Accelerate Polysulfides Conversion: A Viable Route toward Stable Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Yuping , Ma Shuangying , Rosebrock Marina , Rusch Pascal , Barnscheidt Yvo , Wu Chuanqiang , Nan Pengfei , Bettels Frederik , Lin Zhihua , Li Taoran , Ge Binghui , Bigall Nadja C. , Pfnür Herbert , Ding Fei , Zhang Chaofeng , Zhang Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRoom‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries are arousing great interest in recent years. Their practical applications, however, are hindered by several intrinsic problems, such as the sluggish kinetic, shuttle effect, and the incomplete conversion of sodium polysulfides (NaPSs). Here a sulfur host material that is based on tungsten nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen‐doped graphene is reported. The incorporation of tungsten nanoparticles significantly accelerates the polysulfides conversion (especially the reduction of Na2S4 to Na2S, which contributes to 75% of the full capacity) and completely suppresses the shuttle effect, en route to a fully reversible reaction of NaPSs. With a host weight ratio of only 9.1% (about 3–6 times lower than that in recent reports), the cathode shows unprecedented electrochemical performances even at high sulfur mass loadings. The experimental findings, which are corroborated by the first‐principles calculations, highlight the so far unexplored role of tungsten nanoparticles in sulfur hosts, thus pointing to a viable route toward stable Na–S batteries at room temperatures.
The effects of aging services and the supplemental nutrition assistance program on food insecurity among older Georgians: 2018–2020
Authors: Lee Jung Sun , Bhargava Vibha , Smith Travis A. , Walker Temitope Aiyejorun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing administrative data from Georgia covering January 2018–August 2020, we estimated the effect of services provided through the Older Americans Act (OAA) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) on food insecurity among older Georgians. Our sample included those who received services prior to and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. For the entire sample period, we found home‐delivered meals and other OAA services reduced food insecurity by 3% and 4%, respectively. During COVID‐19, the effect of SNAP on reducing food insecurity significantly increased from 2.1% to 4.7%, while the loss of “traditional” congregate meals services increased food insecurity by 7%.
Interactions between water and organic molecules or inorganic salts on surfaces
Authors: Zhang Chi , Xu Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWater, as a ubiquitous and relatively inert medium, plays a vital role in nature. The interactions between water and organic molecules or inorganic salts are of fundamental interest in understanding hydration processes in chemistry. The combination of scanning probe microscopy and theoretical calculations provides a versatile tool to directly visualize and further rationalize such interactions as well as influences of water on organic molecules and inorganic salts. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the recent exciting progress in revealing the interactions between water and organic molecules as well as inorganic salts (including ions) on surfaces. Herein, we describe first steps of hydration of organic molecules followed by a microsolvation process on surfaces. Subsequently, water‐induced tautomerization and chiral separation of small biomolecules on surfaces are discussed for understanding the roles of water in driving biological self‐assembly processes. Moreover, water is also able to assist structural transformation globally by selectively interrupting the relatively weak hydrogen bonds within nanostructures. Based on the water‐incorporated molecular nanostructures, dissolution of sodium halides on wet surfaces is achievable using confined water, while hydrates of halide ions desorb from the surface. More interestingly, ion hydrates are also demonstrated to be artificially accessible, which enables atomic‐scale investigation into local ion hydration and transport at interfaces. This review provides new insights into the role of water in the hydration‐related molecular and ionic systems, with implications for hydration and solvent effects down to the single‐molecule level.
Foot morphology influences the change in arch index between standing and walking conditions
Authors: Kramer Patricia Ann , Lautzenheiser Steven G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman foot morphology has been of interest to anatomists, clinicians, and paleontologists for a century due to its importance in bipedal walking. Foot shape changes as forces move through it from the body to the substrate. Although the arch of the foot has been extensively evaluated, the role of foot morphology in the change of the arch height in walking is less explored. To remedy this lacuna, the Arch Indices (AIs) of the left and right feet of 77 people were calculated in double and single stance standing and walking (dynamic) conditions. The feet were categorized into clinical foot types (cavus, normal, planus). The change in static AI between double and single stance was used to predict dynamic AI and the difference between predicted and observed dynamic AI was examined. As expected, AIs increased (i.e., arch height decreased) with increasing load on the foot for the entire sample and each foot type (p’s > .001), but the ability of change in static AIs to predict dynamic AI varied among foot types, implicating the possibility of variability in foot mechanics among foot types. While planus feet change stiffness during walking, presumably due to muscular action, cavus feet are more variable in their response to load. Static and dynamic AIs are effective in reflecting the changes in foot stiffness that occur in walking and future work should examine the role of extrinsic muscle activation in this stiffness change.
Granular activated carbon adsorption of perfluoroalkyl acids from ground and surface water
Authors: Kempisty David M. , Arevalo Elisa , Spinelli Allison M. , Edeback Viking , Dickenson Eric R. V. , Husted Courtney , Higgins Christopher P. , Summers R. Scott , Knappe Detlef R. U. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdsorption of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) by granular activated carbon (GAC) was evaluated in bench‐, pilot‐, and full‐scale studies to determine effects of PFAA characteristics and background organic matter on carbon use rates. Rapid small‐scale column tests (RSSCTs) were conducted according to the proportional diffusivity (PD) design to assess their suitability to predict full‐ or pilot‐scale GAC performance. PFAA removal from groundwater (GW) and coagulated surface water (SW) was studied with two sub‐bituminous coal‐based GACs. In batch tests conducted with pulverized GAC, the GACs performed similarly in GW, but the GAC with the larger mesopore volume was more effective for PFAA removal from SW. In column tests, carbon use rates decreased with increasing PFAA chain length and were lower for GW (total organic carbon [TOC] = 0.7 mg/L) than for SW (TOC = 2.0–2.7 mg/L). The volume of SW that could be treated to 10% or 50% PFAA breakthrough was about 50–60% of the volume of GW that could be treated when comparing pilot‐scale data for SW with full‐scale data for GW. Consistent differences in PFAA adsorption capacity were not observed for empty bed contact times of 13 and 26 min in full‐scale adsorbers treating GW. The PD‐RSSCT simulating PFAA removal from GW consistently overpredicted full‐scale adsorption capacity, on average by ~70%. Using a carbon use rate of <25 mgGAC/Lwater treated) as a criterion for the feasibility of GAC treatment, full‐ and pilot‐scale GAC adsorber data suggest that GAC is a viable treatment option (carbon use rate < 25 mgGAC/Lwater treated) for perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids with six or more carbon atoms in SW and five or more carbon atoms in GW. For perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids, GAC treatment is viable for compounds containing four or more carbons based on results obtained with both SW and GW.
Teaching joint attention skills to pairs of children with autism
Authors: Shillingsburg M. Alice , Frampton Sarah E. , Walters Dianna S. , Gayman Cassondra M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to integrate recommendations from the joint attention literature into a set of procedures suited for a clinical setting serving children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. In baseline, the two pairs of children did not engage in any form of joint attention with one another during the target play context (i.e., a treasure hunt). A treatment package consisting of script fading, graduated guidance, and echoic prompting was used to teach one child per pair to engage in an initiation of joint attention (IJA) and the other child to engage in a response to joint attention (RJA). Results suggest the intervention was effective as children in all pairs independently engaged in IJA and RJA. During a role reversal probe (i.e., without direct teaching), all participants demonstrated responses taught to their peer. Finally, some increases in responding were observed during generalization activities.
Limits of the adiabaticity assumption and conditions for improving laser focusing of atomic matter wave
Authors: Lee Chang Jae 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe adiabaticity assumption (AA) and the resulting concept of optical potential in the context of atom focusing with lasers were examined numerically for various experimentally controllable laser parameters. The Schrödinger equations for the atomic center‐of‐mass dynamics in a laser field were calculated using with or without the AA, and the results were compared. The validity of the AA was tested over a wide range of the Rabi frequency to detuning ratios and the optical potential depths. From the analysis, several specific guidelines were provided on choosing laser parameters that sustain the validity of the AA and improve atom focusing outcomes.
Development of a simultaneous analysis method of azodicarbonamide, semicarbazide, and hydrazine in flour products using HPLC
Authors: Choi Kyeong‐Yun , Lim Hyun‐Hee , Shin Ho‐Sang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAzodicarbonamide (ADC) has been used as a flour bleaching agent or dough conditioner. A high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed for simple and simultaneous analysis of ADC, semicarbazide (SEM), and hydrazine (HZ) using 4‐ethylbenzaldehyde (4‐EBA). Samples were extracted with methanol at neutral pH, and the extracts were concentrated at pH 1.0 and derivatized with 4‐EBA at pH 3. It was identified that ADC was decomposed to SEM, which was continually decomposed to HZ in an aqueous solution. This method was applied to the analysis of wheat flour products, and the results showed that SEM was detected up to a concentration of 0.42 mg/kg, but HZ was not detected in wheat flour products. The developed method enabled simple, less time‐consuming, and simultaneous analysis, and can be utilized to effectively evaluate ADC, SEM, and HZ concentrations in wheat flour products.
Hyaluronic acid encapsulated aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for pH‐responsive delivery of methotrexate and release kinetics
Authors: Rui Qian , Yin Zheng‐Zhi , Cai Wenrong , Li Junyao , Wu Datong , Kong Yong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA simple drug controlled delivery system is facilely designed for pH‐responsive delivery of methotrexate (MTX), an anticancer drug. Aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AMSNs) were first synthesized for the loading of MTX, and then the MTX‐loaded AMSN (AMSN‐MTX) was encapsulated with hyaluronic acid (HA) through electrostatic attractions. Successful preparation of the HA‐encapsulated AMSN‐MTX (AMSN‐MTX‐HA) is confirmed by different characterizations such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, x‐ray diffraction, and so on. Because the protonation/deprotonation of HA is closely related to pH, the electrostatic interactions between HA and AMSN depend closely on the pH of the medium and thus pH‐responsive delivery of MTX is achieved. The release kinetic data of MTX from the carrier fit well to Higuchi and Korsmeyer‐Peppas models. Cell experiments indicate that the developed AMSN‐MTX‐HA displays high inhibitory effect on hepatoma (SMMC‐7721) cells while the drug‐free carrier of AMSN‐HA has good biocompatibility.
Exome sequencing identified a novel HIST1H1E heterozygous protein‐truncating variant in a 6‐month‐old male patient with Rahman syndrome: A case report
Authors: Indugula Subba Rao , Ayala Sofia Saenz , Vetrini Francesco , Belonis Alyce , Zhang Wenying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRahman syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly syndrome recently described, which results from pathogenic variants in the HIST1H1E gene. The condition is characterized by variable somatic overgrowth, macrocephaly, distinctive facial features, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems. This report extends the genotype and clinical phenotype of HIST1H1E‐associated Rahman syndrome.
Solvent‐Regulated Diastereodivergent [3 + 2] Annulations of CF3‐Containing Morita−Baylis−Hillman Carbonates with Cyclic Sulfonimines
Authors: Liu Bao‐Xin , Yan Ru‐Jie , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: February 2022

Comprehensive SummaryA solvent‐regulated diastereodivergent [3 + 2] annulation reaction between Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman carbonates from aryl trifluoromethyl ketones and cyclic sulfonimines is developed under the catalysis of a modified cinchona alkaloid, furnishing diverse polycyclic products bearing vicinal quaternary stereogenic centers with outstanding enantioselectivity and moderate to high diastereoselectivity.
Using latent class analysis to identify clinical features of patients with occlusive myocardial infarction: Preangiogram prediction remains difficult
Authors: Knoery Charles , McEwan Katie. A. , Manktelow Matthew , Watt Jonathan , Smith Jamie , Iftikhar Aleeha , Rjoob Khaled , Bond Raymond , McGilligan Victoria , Peace Aaron , McShane Anne , Heaton Janet , Leslie Stephen J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment decisions in myocardial infarction (MI) are currently stratified by ST elevation (ST‐elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI]) or lack of ST elevation (non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]) on the electrocardiogram. This arose from the assumption that ST elevation indicated acute coronary artery occlusion (OMI). However, one‐quarter of all NSTEMI cases are an OMI, and have a higher mortality. The purpose of this study was to identify features that could help identify OMI.MethodsProspectively collected data from patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was analyzed. Data included presentation characteristics, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes. Latent class analysis was undertaken, to determine patterns of presentation and history associated with OMI.ResultsA total of 1412 patients underwent PCI for acute MI, and 263 were diagnosed as OMI. Compared to nonocclusive MI, OMI patients are more likely to have fewer comorbidities but no difference in cerebrovascular disease and increased acute mortality (4.2% vs. 1.1%; p < .001). Of OMI, 29.5% had delays to their treatment such as immediate reperfusion therapy. With latent class analysis, while clusters of similar patients are observed in the data set, the data available did not usefully identify patients with OMI compared to non‐OMI.ConclusionFeatures between OMI and STEMI are broadly very similar. However, there was no difference in age and risk of cerebrovascular disease in the OMI/non‐OMI group. There are no reliable characteristics therefore for identifying OMI versus non‐OMI. Delays to treatment also suggest that OMI patients are still missing out on optimal treatment. An alternative strategy is required to improve the identification of OMI patients.
CHA2DS2‐VASc and PESI scores are associated with right ventricular dysfunction on computed tomography pulmonary angiography in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Alirezaei Toktam , Mahboubi‐Fooladi Zahra , Irilouzadian Rana , Saberi Shahrbabaki Ali , Golestani Haniyeh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccurate risk stratification is the most important step in the management of patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI) is a clinical tool for PTE risk stratification. CHA2DS2‐VASc score, a risk assessment tool in patients with atrial fibrillation, is recently considered for acute PTE. The presence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in imaging is more efficient in acute PTE risk evaluation.HypothesisThis study aims to evaluate the association between CHA2DS2‐VASc and PESI score and each of them with RV dysfunction on computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA).MethodsOne hundred eighteen patients with a definite diagnosis of PTE were entered. The CHA2DS2‐VASc and PESI scores were calculated for all of them. RV dysfunction including an increase in RV to left ventricular diameter ratio, interventricular septal bowing, and reflux of contrast medium into the inferior vena cava was examined by CTPA.ResultsPESI and CHA2DS2‐VASc scores were significantly associated with RV dysfunction. In addition, different classes of PESI scores were correlated with RV dysfunction. Moreover, this study showed that the CHA2DS2‐VASc score and PESI score had a positive correlation. The area under the curve value for the CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 0.625 with 61.54% sensitivity and 60.0% specificity for predicting RV dysfunction while for PESI score was 0.635 with 66.7% sensitivity and 60.0% specificity.ConclusionThis study showed that not only CHA2DS2‐VASc and PESI scores are positively correlated, but they are both associated with RV dysfunction diagnosed by CTPA. CHA2DS2‐VASc and PESI scores are able to predict RV dysfunction.