bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of aquaporin 3 in patients with pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Mahmoud Sara Bahaa , Saleh Marwah Adly , Aziz Marina Alfy , Amer Marwa Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune bullous skin disease. Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) is a glycerol/water channel involved in several physiological functions. Evaluation of the tissue expression and localization of AQP3 in the skin of PV patients. Twenty‐seven PV patients and 30 controls were included. The patients were subjected to history taking, clinical evaluation, Autoimmune Bullous Skin Disorder Intensity Score and 4‐mm punch biopsy. The biopsies were stained using anti‐human AQP3 antibody and the immunofluorescence pattern and intensity were evaluated using a scoring system and ImageJ software analysis. AQP3 was expressed in the basal epidermis in 27 (100%) and in the suprabasal epidermis in 19 PV patients (70.4%). It was expressed in all controls in basal and suprabasal layers. Intensity of AQP3 immunofluorescence was strong in 2 (7.4%), moderate in 19 (70.4%) and weak in 6 patients (22.2%) while it was strong in 18 (60%) and moderate in 12 controls (40%). AQP3 expression was significantly lower in patients than controls in the suprabasal epidermis (p = 0.001). Patients with extensive disease had significantly weaker AQP3 intensity than those with marked disease (p = 0.005) Downregulation of AQP3 in patients with PV, especially in the suprabasal layers and in extensive clinical disease, suggests a potential role of AQP3 in the pathogenesis of PV.
Presence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Enterococcusspp. and Salmonellasp. in 12 species of Australian shorebirds and terns
Authors: Smith Hannah G. , Bean David C. , Clarke Rohan H. , Loyn Richard , Larkins Jo‐Ann , Hassell Chris , Greenhill Andrew R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is an ongoing threat to both human and animal health. Migratory birds are a potential vector for the spread of novel pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes. To date, there has been no comprehensive study investigating the presence of antibiotic resistance (AMR) in the bacteria of Australian shorebirds or terns. In the current study, 1022 individual birds representing 12 species were sampled across three states of Australia (Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia) and tested for the presence of phenotypically resistant strains of three bacteria with potential to be zoonotic pathogens; Escherichia coli, Enterococcusspp., and Salmonellasp. In total, 206 E. coli, 266 Enterococcusspp., and 20 Salmonellasp. isolates were recovered, with AMR detected in 42% of E. coli, 85% of Enterococcusspp., and 10% of Salmonellasp. Phenotypic resistance was commonly detected to erythromycin (79% of Enterococcusspp.), ciprofloxacin (31% of Enterococcusspp.) and streptomycin (21% of E. coli). Resident birds were more likely to carry AMR bacteria than migratory birds (p ≤ .001). Bacteria isolated from shorebirds and terns are commonly resistant to at least one antibiotic, suggesting that wild bird populations serve as a potential reservoir and vector for AMR bacteria. However, globally emerging phenotypes of multidrug‐resistant bacteria were not detected in Australian shorebirds. This study provides baseline data of the carriage of AMR bacteria in Australian shorebirds and terns.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium handling in unbranched, immediately post‐necrotic fast‐twitch mdx fibres is similar to wild‐type littermates
Authors: Chan Stephen , Kueh Sindy L. L. , Morley John W. , Head Stewart I. 
Published: April 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the early effects of dystrophin deficiency on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling in the mdx mouse?
What is the main finding and its importance?
In the mdx mouse, Ca2+ handling by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is little affected by the absence of dystrophin when looking at fibres without branches that have recently regenerated after massive myonecrosis. This has important implications for our understanding of Ca2+ pathology in the mdx mouse.
AbstractThere is a variety of results in the literature regarding the effects of dystrophin deficiency on the Ca2+ handling properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the mdx mouse, an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. One possible source of variation is the presence of branched fibres. Fibre branching, a consequence of degenerative–regenerative processes such as muscular dystrophy, has in itself a significant influence on the function of the SR. In this study, we attempted to detect early effects of dystrophin deficiency on SR Ca2+ handling by using unbranched fibres from the immediate post‐necrotic stage in mdx mice (recently regenerated after massive necrosis). Using kinetically corrected fura‐2 fluorescence signals measured during twitch and tetanus, we analysed the amplitude, rise time and decay time of Δ[Ca2+]i in unfatigued and fatigued fibres. Decay was also resolved into SR pump and SR leak components. Fibres from mdx mice were similar in all respects to fibres from wild‐type littermates apart from: (1) a smaller amplitude of the initial spike of Δ[Ca2+]i during a tetanus; and (2) a mitigation of the fall in Δ[Ca2+]i amplitude during the course of fatigue. Our findings suggest that the early effects of a loss of dystrophin on SR Ca2+ handling in mdx mice are subtle, and we emphasize the importance of distinguishing between Ca2+ pathology that is attributable to lack of dystrophin and Ca2+ pathology that is attributable to muscle degeneration.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Lobed Enclosure for Wind Turbine Applications Using Gray Relation Analysis
Authors: Ramayee L. , Supradeepan K. , Sreejith S. , Priyadarshini Amrita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Lobed mixer wind turbines have the lobed mixer added around the turbine, enhancing the wind power compared to conventional wind turbines. This article aims to design a bare lobed mixer that satisfies the multi-objectives of maximizing average throat (where the turbine blades are fixed) velocity uavg and minimizing drag coefficient Cd. The objectives are set considering that a bare enclosure with a higher uavg will produce higher power output when the turbine is included. Numerical simulations were performed to understand the flow characteristics of the non-lobed and lobed enclosure using ansys fluent. The lobed mixer angle was varied using a one factor at a time (OFAT) approach, and the angle with the highest uavg/Cd was found. Then, by fixing the lobed mixer angle, multi-objective gray relation analysis (GRA) was used to optimize the lobed mixer’s three geometrical parameters, such as the number of lobes, lobe width, and lobe height simultaneously. The GRA results show that lobe height is the most significant parameter affecting throat velocity and drag coefficient, and the optimum combination which fulfills both objectives were found. The most significant lobe height was further analyzed to improve uavg using the OFAT approach. Then in the optimized enclosure, the plug/center body was included at the axis, and the performance of two different plug geometries was compared. NACA 0024 was found to be better plug cross section. Thus, the proposed design of lobed enclosure helps to enhance the average velocity as 1.76 times the freestream velocity and reduce the drag coefficient by 5.43% than the case without lobes. Hence lobed mixer is a better option to use as an enclosure, especially to reduce the drag forces.
First-Passage Problem in Random Vibrations With Radial Basis Function Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Xi , Jiang Jun , Hong Ling , Sun Jian-Qiao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The first-passage time probability plays an important role in the reliability assessment of dynamic systems in random vibrations. To find the solution of the first-passage time probability is a challenging task. The analytical solution to this problem is not available even for linear dynamic systems. For nonlinear and multi-degree-of-freedom systems, it is even more challenging. This paper proposes a radial basis function neural networks method for solving the first-passage time probability problem of linear, nonlinear, and multi-degree-of-freedom dynamic systems. In this paper, the proposed method is applied to solve for the backward Kolmogorov equation subject to boundary conditions defined by the safe domain. A null-space solution strategy is proposed to deal with the boundary condition. Several examples including a two degrees-of-freedom nonlinear Duffing system are studied with the proposed method. The results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations. It is believed that the radial basis function neural networks method provides a new and effective tool for the reliability assessment and design of multi-degree-of-freedom nonlinear stochastic dynamic systems.
Prevalence of Rotator Cuff Tears Among Older Tennis Players and Its Impact on Clinical Findings and Shoulder Function
Authors: Harada Yohei , Yokoya Shin , Sumimoto Yasuhiko , Iwahori Yusuke , Kajita Yukihiro , Deie Masataka , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: April 2022

Context: Tennis is a noncontact sport playable at an individual’s own pace. Thus, it is popular among the older adults. It is known that older adults often suffer from rotator cuff tears (RCTs), which may affect tennis activity. However, the prevalence and influence of RCTs on tennis play among older players are not well-known. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of RCTs in older tennis players and its impact on physical findings and shoulder function. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty-three tennis players (mean age: 70.7 y; range: 60–83 y) participating in a recreational-level tennis tournament were examined in this study. An ultrasonographic examination of both shoulders was performed to detect RCTs. Relationships between RCTs of the dominant shoulder and clinical findings, shoulder pain, and shoulder function including range of motion, shoulder strength, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand—Sports Module score were assessed. Results: RCTs were detected in 19 (36%) dominant shoulders and 6 (11%) nondominant shoulders. Asymptomatic RCTs were detected in 11 (58%) dominant shoulders and 5 (83%) nondominant shoulders. Increased crepitus and more positive results in the empty can test, and infraspinatus test were observed in the dominant shoulders with RCTs than in those without; however, there was no difference in shoulder pain, range of motion; strength; Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score; and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand—Sports Module score between the players with and without RCTs. Conclusions: One-third of the older tennis players in this study had RCTs in the dominant shoulder with some positive physical sign of an RCT. However, shoulder pain and shoulder function did not differ between the players with and without RCTs, suggesting that RCTs had a minor impact on the tennis performance in the participants of this study.
Plagioclase archives of depleted melts in the oceanic crust
Authors: Neave David A. , Namur Olivier 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mid-ocean ridge and ocean-island basalts provide vital but incomplete insights into mantle chemistry. For example, high-anorthite plagioclase is generally too refractory and incompatible-element depleted to have crystallized from the melts that carry it to the surface. Moreover, erupted basalts rarely preserve the extreme isotopic and incompatible-element depletions found in some primitive melt inclusions and residual abyssal peridotites. By integrating experimental observations with analyses of natural crystals and glasses, we infer that high-anorthite plagioclase grows from high-degree melts of refractory but otherwise unexotic mantle sources with depleted incompatible-element compositions. The widespread occurrence of high-anorthite plagioclase in oceanic basalts and the oceanic crust hence indicates that refractory melts pervade the uppermost mantle and lower crust. We thus suggest that refractory melts play much a greater role in crustal accretion than typically recognized and that refractory and feasibly depleted peridotite is more prevalent in the upper mantle than previously thought.
Measuring the Acoustic Characteristics of Compact Concrete Building Structures Using the Impact Echo Method
Authors: Kachanov V. K. , Sokolov I. V. , Samokrutov A. A. , Lunin V. P. , Fedorenko S. A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The impact-echo method, which is a method of free vibrations, is used for testing building structures made of concrete that have the measured thickness $$H$$ at least six times smaller than the other dimensions and is not used to test compact products in which the thickness $$H$$ is comparable to the other dimensions. The problem with testing compact objects is that it is impossible to unambiguously determine the required resonant frequency $${{f}_{0}}\sim {\text{1/}}H$$ determined by the product thickness $$H$$ on the spectrum of the compact product against the background of closely spaced numerous resonances determined by other test object dimensions. Another reason is that due to a strong influence of the geometric dispersion of the sound speed in compact products, it is necessary to calculate a correction factor $$\beta $$ for each new compact test object. The article proposes a solution to the problem of testing compact concrete building structures using a multiplicative impact echo method that allows one to determine the desired resonant frequency, as well as using various versions of the correlation impact echo method that allow one to measure the speed of sound in compact products for the subsequent determination of concrete strength both in the process of cement solidification and during the operation of building structures in order to predict the trouble-free service life of buildings and structures.
System of evolution equations for quark and gluon jet quenching with broadening
Authors: Blanco E. , Kutak K. , Płaczek W. , Rohrmoser M. , Tywoniuk K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose a system of evolution equations that describe in-medium time-evolution of transverse-momentum-dependent quark and gluon fragmentation functions. Furthermore, we solve this system of equations using Monte Carlo methods. We then quantify the obtained solutions in terms of a few characteristic features, namely the average transverse momentum $$\langle |k|\rangle $$

⟨
|
k
|
⟩

and energy contained in a cone, which allow us to see different behaviour of quark and gluon initiated final-state radiation. In particular, the later allows us to conclude that in the gluon-initiated processes there is less energy in a cone, so that the quark jet is more collimated.
Blind Image Inpainting Using Low-Dimensional Manifold Regularization
Authors: Gao Mei , Kang Baosheng 
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we present a novel method for blind image inpainting, which can restore images with missing or corrupted pixels, or images where the location of the damaged pixels is unknown. The method applies weighted nonlocal Laplacian to address the problem of blind image inpainting using low-dimensional manifold model (LDMM) regularization, and uses semi-local blocks instead of point integrals to implement constraints in LDMM. This solves the problem of low solution efficiency caused by the asymmetry of the linear equations solved by point integration, and the problem of the high iteration count to get good restoration effect. Experiments show that our method is competitive with latest methods in terms of both repairing images with large missing pixels rate and inpainting speed.
Colorectal Cancer Develops Inherent Radiosensitivity That Can Be Predicted Using Patient-Derived Organoids
Authors: Hsu Kuo-Shun , Adileh Mohammad , Martin Maria Laura , Makarov Vladimir , Chen Jiapeng , Wu Chao , Bodo Sahra , Klingler Stefan , Sauvé Charles-Etienne Gabriel , Szeglin Bryan C. , Smith J. Joshua , Fuks Zvi , Riaz Nadeem , Chan Timothy A. , Nishimura Makoto , Paty Philip B. , Kolesnick Richard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Identifying colorectal cancer patient populations responsive to chemotherapy or chemoradiation therapy before surgery remains a challenge. Recently validated mouse protocols for organoid irradiation employ the single hit multi-target (SHMT) algorithm, which yields a single value, the D0, as a measure of inherent tissue radiosensitivity. Here, we translate these protocols to human tissue to evaluate radioresponsiveness of patient-derived organoids (PDO) generated from normal human intestines and rectal tumors of patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. While PDOs from adenomas with a logarithmically expanded Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell population retain the radioresistant phenotype of normal colorectal PDOs, malignant transformation yields PDOs from a large patient subpopulation displaying marked radiosensitivity due to reduced homologous recombination–mediated DNA repair. A proof-of-principle pilot clinical trial demonstrated that rectal cancer patient responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiation, including complete response, correlate closely with their PDO D0 values. Overall, upon transformation to colorectal adenocarcinoma, broad radiation sensitivity occurs in a large subset of patients that can be identified using SHMT analysis of PDO radiation responses.

Significance:
Analysis of inherent tissue radiosensitivity of patient-derived organoids may provide a readout predictive of neoadjuvant therapy response to radiation in rectal cancer, potentially allowing pretreatment stratification of patients likely to benefit from this approach.
ROADMAPS: An Online Database of Response Data, Dosing Regimens, and Toxicities of Approved Oncology Drugs as Single Agents to Guide Preclinical In Vivo Studies
Authors: Hollingshead Melinda G. , Greenberg Nathaniel , Gottholm-Ahalt Michelle , Camalier Richard , Johnson Barry C. , Collins Jerry M. , Doroshow James H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Preclinical studies provide valuable data in the early development of novel drugs for patients with cancer. Many cancer treatment regimens now utilize multiple agents with different targets to delay the emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells, and experimental agents are often evaluated in combination with FDA-approved drugs. The Biological Testing Branch (BTB) of the U.S. NCI has evaluated more than 70 FDA-approved oncology drugs to date in human xenograft models. Here, we report the first release of a publicly available, downloadable spreadsheet, ROADMAPS (Responses to Oncology Agents and Dosing in Models to Aid Preclinical Studies, dtp.cancer.gov/databases_tools/roadmaps.htm), that provides data filterable by agent, dose, dosing schedule, route of administration, tumor models tested, responses, host mouse strain, maximum weight loss, drug-related deaths, and vehicle formulation for preclinical experiments conducted by the BTB. Data from 70 different single targeted and cytotoxic agents and 140 different xenograft models were included. Multiple xenograft models were tested in immunocompromised mice for many cancer histologies, with lung cancer as the most broadly tested (24 models). Many of the dose levels and schedules used in these experiments were comparable with those tolerated in humans. Targeted and cytotoxic single agents were included. The online spreadsheet will be updated periodically as additional agent/dose/model combinations are evaluated. ROADMAPS is intended to serve as a publicly available resource for the research community to inform the design of clinically relevant, tolerable single and combinatorial regimens in preclinical mouse models.

Significance:
ROADMAPS includes data that can be used to identify tolerable dosing regimens with activity against a variety of human tumors in different mouse strains, providing a resource for planning preclinical studies.
EXOC4 Promotes Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer Metastasis via Activating FAK Signal
Authors: Li Haojie , Fu Xuhong , Zhao Junjie , Li Chen , Li Lingmeng , Xia Peiyan , Guo Jianping , Wei Wenyi , Zeng Rong , Wu Jiarui , Sun Yihong , Huang Liyu , Wang Xuefei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

In comparison with intestinal-type gastric cancer, diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is more likely to recur, metastasize, and exhibit worse clinical outcomes; however, the underlying mechanism of DGC recurrence remains elusive. By employing an LC/MS-MS proteomic approach, we identified that exocyst complex component 4 (EXOC4) was significantly upregulated in DGC with recurrence, compared to those with nonrecurrence. High expression of EXOC4 was correlated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with DGC. Moreover, EXOC4 promoted cell migration and invasion as well as the tumor metastasis of DGC cells. Mechanistically, EXOC4 regulated the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at Y397 sites by stimulating the secretion of integrin α5/β1/EGF and enhancing the interaction of FAK and integrin or EGFR. The FAK inhibitor VS-4718 reversed the metastasis mediated by EXOC4 overexpression and suppressed the tumor growth of patient-derived xenografts derived from DGC with high EXOC4 expression. The EXOC4–FAK axis could be a potential therapeutic target for patients with DGC with high expression of EXOC4.

Implications:
The EXOC4–FAK axis promoted DGC metastasis and could be a potential therapeutic target for patients with DGC.
Faustino Xavier de Novais: um passeur culturel nos trópicos
Authors: Oliveira Aline Cristina 
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho intenta ofertar uma breve biografia intelectual do poeta e jornalista português Faustino Xavier de Novais, que emigrou para o Brasil em 1858. A partir de uma investigação em fontes primárias, foi possível observar que Faustino desempenhou a função de mediador cultural desde a sua juventude, em Portugal, até sua morte, em 1869, no Brasil. Considerando-se que o periodismo nacional oitocentista era formado por uma intelectualidade luso-brasileira, pensar as transferências culturais é traçar um tripé que atrela as práticas da imigração, do jornalismo periódico e os agentes mediadores dessas trocas.
Acetylsalicylic Acid Is Associated With a Lower Prevalence of Ascending Aortic Aneurysm and a Decreased Aortic Expression of Cyclooxygenase 2
Authors: Granath Carl , Freiholtz David , Bredin Fredrik , Olsson Christian , Franco‐Cereceda Anders , Björck Hanna M. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy has been associated with a reduced prevalence and growth rate of abdominal as well as intracranial aneurysms, but the relationship between ASA and ascending aortic aneurysm formation remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ASA therapy is associated with a lower prevalence of ascending aortic aneurysm in a surgical cohort.

Methods and Results

One thousand seven hundred patients undergoing open‐heart surgery for ascending aortic aneurysm and/or aortic valve disease were studied in this retrospective cross‐sectional study. Aortic dilatation was defined as an aortic root or ascending aortic diameter ≥45 mm. Medications were self‐reported by the patients in a systematic questionnaire. Cyclooxygenase gene expression was measured in the intima‐media portion of the ascending aorta (n=117). In a multivariable analysis, ASA was associated with a reduced prevalence of ascending aortic aneurysm (relative risk, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.48–0.95],
P
=0.026) in patients with tricuspid aortic valves, but not in patients with bicuspid aortic valves (relative risk, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.64–1.34],
P
=0.687). Intima‐media cyclooxygenase expression was positively correlated with ascending aortic dimensions (
P
<0.001 for cyclooxygenase‐1 and
P
=0.05 for cyclooxygenase‐2). In dilated, but not nondilated tricuspid aortic valve aortic specimens, ASA was associated with significantly lower cyclooxygenase‐2 levels (
P
=0.034).

Conclusions
Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that ASA treatment may attenuate ascending aortic aneurysmal growth, possibly via cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibition in the ascending aortic wall and subsequent anti‐inflammatory actions.