bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spider Mite Control in Fresh Market Tomatoes, 1987
Authors: Teague T. G. , Cartwright B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes were direct seeded in Hidalgo fine sandy loam soil on 5 Aug on the Rio Farms Agricultural Research Farm in Monte Alto, Tex. Beginning on 20 Sep and continuing until 1 wk prior to testing, plants were oversprayed at weekly intervals with 0.10 lb (AI)/acre of Ambush. Because infestations were not uniform throughout the field, only areas infested with mites were selected for test plots. Plots were 10-15 ft long and 1 row wide and were separated by 2 untreated rows. Row spacing was 40 inches. The experiment was arranged in a completely random design with 4 replications. One application of the acaricides was made on 6 Nov using a backpack CO2-powered sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 70 psi through 2 TX-10 nozzles per row. Mite density was determined by counting total number of mites on 20 infested leaves/plot. Leaf samples were collected just prior to application and at 4, 7, 12, and 17 days following application. Data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA with mean separation using LSD (P = 0.05).
Potato Leafhopper Control on Alfalfa, 1986
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was part of a 2-yr-old stand located near Beltsville, Md. Damage to the alfalfa was moderate. Plots were 20 × 20 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied on 3 Jul. Sprays were applied with a backpack COa boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 40 psi. Plants were 14 inches tall at time of treatment. Leafhopper samples were made on 4, 8, and 10 Jul, with 10 random sweeps/plot.
Control of Alfalfa Weevil in Maryland, 1987
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was established on a 2-yr-old stand of alfalfa located near Beltsville. Precount weevil populations were heavy and averaged 150-200 2nd- and 3rd-instar larvae/sweep. Treatment plots were 10 × 10 ft replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a hand-held CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 40 psi. Posttreatment counts were made with a standard 15-inch-diam sweep net. One 180-degree sweep/plot was made on 1 and 5 May.
Potato Leafhopper Control 1987
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on the Pennsylvania Agriculture Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs (A) and on the Pennsylvania State University farm at University Park (B). Forty- by forty-ft plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with an untreated check in each of the 5 replications. In Experiment A PLH densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweeps taken randomly across each plot with a 15-inch-diameter sweep net on 24 Jun, 6 days after the stubble spray. Foliar sprays were applied on 25 Jun. XRM-4996 was applied 1 Jul, but after sampling. Thereafter, PLH densities were sampled on 1, 8, 15, and 21 Jul. The latter date was 33 and 27 days from stubble and foliar sprays, respectively. Alfalfa height at time of foliar sprays was 6 to 8 inches. Sprays were applied in 20 gal/acre of water at 26 psi with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20-ft boom with 80-degree flat-fan nozzles and 50-mesh screens. Alfalfa yield was determined from two 75-sq-ft swaths taken from each plot after the last sampling date. Treatments in Experiment B were similarly applied. The only differences were that no stubble sprays were applied and XRM-4996 was applied as 2 separate treatments, once at foliar (3 Aug) and once at 10 days past foliar (13 Aug). PLH density was evaluated on 31 Jul before applying foliar sprays on 3 Aug and then on 6, 10, 17, and 24 Aug. Alfalfa yield was not determined due to very low PLH pressure.
Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper Control in Louisiana, 1987
Authors: Whitford Fred , Quisenberry Sharron 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted at the Dean Lee Research Station near Alexandria on a 1-yr-old stand of ‘Fla. 77’ alfalfa. A randomized block design was used with 11 treatments, each replicated 4 times. Insecticide treatments were applied on 2 Sep to 20- × 20-ft plots with a C02 backpack sprayer using 4 brass 8002 flat-fan nozzles on a 7-ft boom. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 18.3 gal/acre at 42 psi. Plant height was 19.5 inches, and wind speed was less than 5 mph. A standard 15-inch-diam sweep net (10 sweeps/plot) was used to monitor adult threecornered alfalfa hopper population levels at pretreatment and at 3, 7, and 14 days posttreatment.
Furadan Soil Treatment VS. Furadan Soil Treatment Plus Sevin XLR for Flea Beetle Control in Canola, 1987
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Roman Hector 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A cooperative trial with Sigco Research was planted at a location near Crookston, Minn. Plots consisted of 6- to 15-inch rows 20 ft long. Treatments wer originally arranged in a randomized complete block. However, an error in treatments required comparison of 3 regimes replicated 8 times. The relative rigor of the comparisons, the paucity of data, and the fact the Furadan CR-10 had not been tested in Minnesota before 1987 encouraged us to publish the trial The Furadan CR-10 was planted on 10 Apr with the seed using a cone-type 6-row planter. Moisture was very short in these finely textured soils. Folia applications were made on 19 May when seed was approximately 30% germinated. The foliar was broadcast at 40 psi, using a hand-held COa sprayer applying 17 gal/acre.
Insecticide Efficacy Against Second-Generation Corn Borers, 1987
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in late-planted furrowirrigated corn in Finney County, Kans. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The plots were 4 rows wide (10 ft) and 45 ft long. The standard insecticide applications were made with a high-clearance sprayer using a 10-ft boom with 3 nozzles directed at each row (1 nozzle directly over the row and 2 suspended on 18-inch drop hoses). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 30 psi under C02 pressure. The simulated chemigation applications were made using 3 Delvan 100/140, %-inch raindrop nozzles mounted on the high-clearance sprayer at tassel height between the rows. This system was calibrated to deliver 5,400 gal/acre on the 2 center rows (equivalent to a 0.2-inch irrigation). Chemicals were added to 200 gal of water in the main tank of the sprayer and agitated by recirculation and applied within 20 min of mixing. The treatments of CME 13406 and Dimilin were applied on 30 Jul, earlier than the other treatments to take advantage of presumed long residual activity. The remaining treatments were applied on 8 Aug, about 4 days after target date due to wet field conditions. The timing of applications was based on the Kansas State University southwestern corn borer (SWCB) and European corn borer (ECB) models and the presence of corn borer eggs in the field. There were 12 hatched and 6 unhatched ECB egg masses and 14 hatched and 14 unhatched SWCB egg masses on 10 plants on 7 and 8 Aug. Corn borer evaluations were made 14-28 Sep by dissecting 10 corn plants in each plot (5 consecutive corn plants in each of the 2 center rows). The number of larvae of each species and the length of tunneling were recorded for each plant. Stalk rot associated with corn borer tunnels was evaluated using a rating scale of 0 to 4: 0, no visible stalk rot; 1, stalk rot present in one internode; 2, stalk rot in 2 internodes; 3, stalk rot found in 3 internodes; and 4, stalk rot in 4 or more internodes. Banks grass mites (BGM) (mostly adult females) were counted by visually searching every other leaf (one-half plant) of four plants in each plot on 18 Aug.
Evaluation of Molluscicides for Slug Control, 1987
Authors: Calvin Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four molluscicide treatments were evaluated for slug efficacy on a Hagerstown silt loam soil in Centre County, Pa. A radomized complete block design with 4 replications of 5 treatments was used. On 9 Jun a pretreatment damage assessment was taken and molluscicides were applied. Applications of liquid molluscicides were implemented using a backpack spray system adjusted to 30 psi and 26 gal/acre liquid output. Flat-fan nozzles (LF4, 80 degrees) were directed over each row to apply the chemical in a 7-inch band. Granular and bait formulations were applied by using the shake method. Corn plants averaged 3 leaves (4 inches high) at the time of application. The no-till field was covered by heavy mulch and some volunteer grasses. The study field was bordered by a windbreak on one end. Two pits, 4 inches diam by 6 inches deep, were dug in each plot using a golf course core. Each hole was then enclosed with 6- × 6-inch roof shingle, which was covered with aluminum foil to reflect the sun’s heat and maintain a moist shelter for the slugs. The pits were checked for slugs on the day of molluscicide applications and at 1 and 6 days posttreatment. On day 1 after molluscicide application, the number of dead slugs/3 m2 (1 m2 at 3 locations in the plot) was recorded for each plot.
Evaluation of Insecticides for First-Generation European Corn Borer Control in Pennsylvania, 1987
Authors: Calvin Dennis , Yocum John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticide treatments were evaluated during 1987 at the Southeastern Field Research Laboratory near Landisville for efficacy on first-brood (ECB). Corn plots were planted on 1 May at 24,000 plants/acre. A randomized complete block design with 6 replications of 8 treatments was used. Corn plots were 4 rows (30-inch spacing) by 50 ft. Chemical treatments were timed by sampling egg masses to determine the period of peak egg laying. Treatments were applied on 23 Jun, approximately 1 wk after peak egg deposition. Granular applications were applied in a 7-inch band over the row using Gandy® applicators mounted on a draw bar. Liquid applications were applied using a backpack sprayer adjusted to 30 psi and delivering 26 gal/acre through flat-fan nozzles (LFH, 80- degree). Plots were evaluated on 21 Jul by dissecting 20 consecutive plants/plot (from one of the center rows) and counting the number of surviving ECB larvae/plant. Yields were not taken in the trial because of uneven stand density, small differences in infestation level, and low numbers of ECB larvae/plant.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Rescue with Center Pivot Applications of Insecticides in South Dakota, 1986-1978
Authors: Gray M. E. , Hein G. L. , Ingemansen J. A. , Boetel M. A. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 1986, a corn rootworm rescue trial was established at Armour. Dekalb 1100’ was planted on 4 May 86. Lorsban 4E (1.0 lb [AI]/acre) was injected with a Northern chemigation unit into a Zimmatic low-pressure system on 26 Jun 87. In 1987, tests were conducted at Armour and Onida. At Armour, Lorsban 4E (1.0 lb [AI]/acre) was injected 17 Jun 87 and compared to a planting time (28 Apr 87, ‘Dekalb 1100’) application of Counter 15G (1.0 lb [AI]/ acre). At Onida, corn (‘Pay Master 2990’) was planted on 12 May 87. Lorsban 4E (1.0 lb [AI]/acre) was injected into a center pivot unit on 19 Jun 87 and contrasted with Furadan 15G (1.0 lb [AI]/acre) delivered aerially with a fixed wing aircraft on 28 Jun 87. In late July of each year, rootworm injury was evaluated by randomly digging 10 root systems/treatment from each of 4 separate areas within a treated section of the pivot. Roots were rated on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no noticeable feeding damage; to 6, 3 nodes of roots pruned).
Control of Gray Garden Slugs in No-Tillage, 1985
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. , Salvaggio R. , Vinis L. , Grove J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted into a thick soybean mulch located near Worton in Kent County, Md. Corn was seeded in 30-inch rows on 27 April. At time of treatment on 30 May, corn was at the 3- to 4-leaf stage and slug damage was severe, with 30- 40 slugs/sq ft. Plots were 4 rows by 25 ft replicated 4 times arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied by C02 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20.4 gal/acre at 40 psi. The Mesurol bait was formulated with % lb of Mesurol 75W mixed into 100 lb of cracked corn with 1 qt of Coke used as a sticker. This bait was spread by hand shaker can at the rate of 20 lb of formulated bait/acre. Slugs were sampled with 1-sq-ft flat roofing shingles covered with aluminum foil. Two shingles were placed at random within the plot, and the number of slugs nesting beneath was recorded on 4 and 7 Jun.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1987
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for control of mixed populations of northern and western corn rootworm. Experiment A was conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs in Centre County, Pa. Corn (‘Pioneer 3540’) was planted no-till on 18 May using a 6-row John Deere Max-Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 15 × 50 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications/treatment. Rows 1 and 6 were nontreated guard rows. Rows for harvest were standardized to 70 plants per 50-ft row. On 7 Aug 5 plants from each replication were evaluated for root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1—6 system with 6 being the most severe damage. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting 2 rows from each plot for shelled corn. Experiment B was conducted on the Sankey farm near Plain Grove in Lawrence County, Pa. Corn (‘Dekalb DK 524’) was planted no-till on 7 May using a 2-row John Deere Max-Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 5- × 20-ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications/treatment. Root damage ratings were evaluated 30 Jul taking 5 plants/plot and using the Iowa 1-6 system. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting each plot for shelled corn.
First-Generation European Corn Borer Control in Field Corn, 1987
Authors: Moss Teresa P. , Sagaral Ras G. , Beahn Mary M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticidal treatments were examined to determine their efficacy in controlling primarily first-generation (second-generation also evaluated) European corn borer (ECB) in conventionally planted field corn grown on the Vernon Delano Farm in Richmond County, Va. 'Pioneer 3389' corn was planted on a 36-inch row spacing on 28 Apr. Materials were applied either as foliar sprays or granular applications on 9 Jun. Foliar spray concentrates were applied with a CO2-powered compressed-air sprayer, using TeeJet AL8004 nozzels, at 32 psi that delivered 31.8 gal of finished formulation/acre. Granular insecticides were applied directly in the whorl by using a Spred-rite gravity flow granular applicator. Individual plots were 4 rows by 30 ft with 2-row borders and were arranged in a complete randomized block experimental design with 3 replications. Individual plots were evaluated 8 days after treatment and then periodically throughout the remainder of the growing season. All plants in 30 row-ft were inspected for the presence of ECB feeding damage, and 5 random plants/plot were split and observed for the presence of live ECB larvae on 22 Jun. Yield estimates were obtained by harvesting 1 of the 2 center rows of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture.
Midseason Control of Aphids in Cotton with Selected Insecticides, 1987
Authors: Burris Gene , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
DPL 41' cotton was planted 12 May on a commerce silt loam soil at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, La. Plots were 8 rows (40 inches wide) × 65 ft and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All seed was custom treated with Orthene 80S (6.4 oz [AI]/cwt) and Terraclor Super × fungicide (0.25 + 1.0 lb [AI]/ acre) was applied during planting. Treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed-air system for spraying small plots, delivering 2.5 gal/acre with 2 X-3 hollow-cone nozzles/row. All treatments were applied on 10 Jul. Aphid populations were estimated 3 and 7 days after treatment (DAT) by randomly collecting 10 leaves (3rd fully developed terminal leaf)/plot, washing the insects from the leaves onto 300-mesh screens, backwashing them onto lined filter paper (7 cm), and counting them with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope.
Effect on Heliothis Spp., Mites, and Aphids of Selected Treatments Initiated in June for Boll Weevil Control, 1987
Authors: Burris Gene , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 12 May on a commerce silt loam soil at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, La. Plots were 8 rows (40 inches wide) × 65 ft and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All plots received an in-furrow treatment of Temik, 0.5 lb (AI)/acre, and Terraclor Super × fungicide, 0.25 + 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, at planting. Treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed-air system for spraying small plots, delivering 2.5 gal/acre with 2 X-3 hollow-cone nozzles/row. Applications were made on 23 and 30 Jun; 13, 17, 24, and 28 Jul; and 14 Aug. Treatment effects on Heliothis spp. and boll weevil were measured by sampling 50 squares/plot. Spider mite and aphid populations were estimated 8 Aug by randomly collecting 10 leaves (third fully developed terminal leaf) per plot, washing the insects from the leaves onto 300-mesh screens, backwashing them onto lined filter paper (7 cm), and counting them with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope. Yields were determined by picking the 4 center rows with a mechanical harvester on 21 Sep.
Chemical Control of Boll Weevil and Heliothis Spp. Larvae in Cotton, 1987
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides for control of boll weevil and Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton was conducted at the Auburn University Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee, Ala. Cotton was planted on 24 Apr in 40-inch rows. Six treatments were replicated 4 times in randomized complete block design. Plots were 9 rows × 75 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer at the rate of 8.2 gal/acre (3.5 mph, 50 psi, 2 Teejet TX6 nozzles/row). Foliar applications were made on 13, 17, 22, 27, and 31 Jul and 7, 17, and 21 Aug. Boll weevil damage was determined by examining 25 squares collected at random in each plot. Heliothis spp. damage and larval numbers were determined by examining 25 randomly selected plant terminals from the middle 3 rows in each plot 2 to 3 days posttreatment. Yield data were taken by machine harvesting of 2 of the middle 3 rows of each plot.
Boll Weevil Control, 1987
Authors: Griffin J. R. , Dacus Jeff , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots 8 rows × 50 ft, located on the Cotton Branch Station, Marianna, Ark., were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and separated by 4 fallow rows or 5-ft alleys. Foliar applications were made as squaring rates decreased and weevil infestations increased on 28 and 31 Jul and 3 Aug with a Spirit high-clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gal/acre. Infestation levels were compared by examining 100 squares/plot/date for weevil egg and feeding punctures. The same standard treatment, Guthion, was repeated as 4 separate treatments.
Bollworm Control, 1986
Authors: Langston W. C. , Schuster M. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four individual tests were conducted to compare control of cotton bollworm (CBW) using the biological insecticides Dipel ES and DiBeta with the synthetic pyrethroid Ammo. 'G&P 3774' was planted 29 Apr and standard cultural practices were followed. Plots were 8 rows × 40 ft long, and randomized complete block designs with 4 replications were used. The insecticide applications were made on 1, 8, 15, and 22 Jul with a Hi-Boy sprayer to all 4 experiments. Other insects were controlled as needed with standard insecticides. On 14 and 21 Jul, 100 squares were examined in each plot, and the number of CBW larvae and damaged squares was determined. On 28 Jul and 1 and 7 Aug, 100 bolls/plot were examined and the number of CBW and damaged bolls was determined. Yield was measured by harvesting 2 rows/plot with a brush-type stripper.
Apple, All Season Insecticide Test, 1987
Authors: Swift Fred C. , Herman Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was carried out in a 17-yr-old block of'Red Delicious' and 'Stayman' apples. Treatments were applied with an FMC PT50 airblast sprayer operated at 300 psi and 1.5 mph to deliver 225 gal/acre. Treatment dates were 22 Apr, pink (P); 12 May, petal fall (PF); 29 May, first cover (IC); 18 Jun, second cover (2C); 8 Jul, third cover (3C); and 14 Aug, fourth cover (4C). The single-tree plots, replicated 4 times (3 'Stayman,' 1 'Red Delicious'), were arranged in a randomized complete block design. For disease control the entire orchard was sprayed with Polyram as needed. Data were transformed to × + 1 or arcsine × prior to analysis of variance and separation of means by Duncan's new multiple range test. In the tables, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at a = 0.05, DMRT. Sampling methods were as follows: ERM, motile stages per leaf as determined from a pooled sample of 15 leaves per tree; S. punctum, average S. punctum/3-min count/tree; AA, average AA/10 most infested terminals/tree; RAA, average RAA colonies per tree; WALH, average WALH-damaged leaves/100 leaves/tree; and STLM, average STLM mines/3-min count/ tree. All other pest damage is expressed as the number of damaged fruit/100 fruit/tree.