bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health conditions associated with sexual assault in a large hospital population
Authors: Lake Allison M. , Goleva Slavina B. , Samuels Lauren R. , Carpenter Laura M. , Davis Lea K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a clinical informatics approach to identify patients with a history of sexual assault and to characterize the clinical risk factors and comorbidities of this population in a sex-stratified manner.MethodsWe developed and applied a keyword-based approach to clinical notes to identify patients with a history of sexual assault in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) electronic health record from 1989 to 2021. Using a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), we then examined diagnoses that co-occurred with evidence of sexual assault. We also examined whether sex assigned at birth modified any of these associations.ResultsOur keyword-based algorithm achieved a positive predictive value of 90.4%, as confirmed by manual patient chart review. Out of 1,703 diagnoses tested across all subgroup analyses, we identified a total of 465 associated with sexual assault, many of which have been previously observed in the literature. Interaction analysis revealed 55 sex-differential phenotypic associations.ConclusionsIn a large hospital setting, disclosures of sexual assault were associated with increased rates of hundreds of health conditions.
Severity and Correlates of Mental Fog in People with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bell Tyler , Crowe Michael , Novack Thomas , Davis Richard D. , Stavrinos Despina 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlongside objective performance declines, self-reported cognitive symptoms after traumatic brain injury (TBI) abound. Mental fog is one symptom that has been underexplored. The current project investigated mental fog across two studies of individuals with mild traumatic brain injury and moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury to close our knowledge gap about differences in severity. We then explored the cognitive and affective correlates of mental fog within these groups.MethodsUsing between-groups designs, the first study recruited individuals with acute mild TBI (n = 15) along with a healthy control group (n = 16). Simultaneously, a second study recruited persons with post-acute moderate-to-severe TBI, a stage when self-reports are most reliable (n = 15). Measures across the studies were harmonized and involved measuring mental fog (Mental Clutter Scale), objective cognition (Cogstate® and UFOV®), and depressive symptoms. In addition to descriptive group difference analyses, nonparametric correlations determined associations between mental fog, objective cognition, and depressive symptoms.ResultsResults revealed higher self-reported mental fog in acute mild TBI compared to healthy controls. And though exploratory, post-acute moderate-to-severe TBI also appears characterized by greater mental fog. Correlations showed that mental fog in mild TBI corresponded to greater depressive symptoms (r = .66) but was unrelated to objective cognition. By contrast, mental fog in moderate-to-severe TBI corresponded to poorer working memory (r = .68) and slowed processing speed (r = -.55) but was unrelated to depressive symptoms.ConclusionAs a common symptom in TBI, mental fog distinguishes individuals with acute mild TBI from uninjured peers. Mental fog also appears to reflect challenges in recovery, including depressive symptoms and objective cognitive problems. Screening for mental fog, in addition to other cognitive symptoms, might be worthwhile in these populations.
Effectiveness of Oral Health Education Interventions on Oral Health Literacy Levels in Adults; A Systematic Review
Authors: Ebrahimi Tayebe , Farokhi Moshtagh R 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral health literacy within the construct of health literacy may be instrumental in decreasing oral health disparities and promoting oral health. Even though current research links oral health literacy to oral health knowledge and education, the impact of educational intervention on oral health literacy remains controversial. We aimed to identify effective health education interventions delivered with a focus on oral health literacy.MethodsAn electronic systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane library and gray literatue was performed for relevant studies (1995-2021). Experimental study designs of randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and quasi-experimental studies in which adults aged 18 years or older, male, or female (participants) trained under a health education intervention (intervention) were compared with those with no health education or within the usual care parameters (comparison). An assessment of oral health literacy levels (outcome) were included according to the PICO question. The search was conducted by applying filters for the title, abstract and methodological quality of the data, and English language. Study screening, extraction and critical appraisal was performed by two independent reviewers. Data was extracted from the included studies whereas a meta-analysis was not possible since findings were mostly presented as a narrative format.ResultsEight studies out of the 2783 potentially eligible articles met the selection criteria for this systematic review. The aim of interventions in these studies was 1) improving oral health literacy as the first outcome or 2) improving oral health behavior and oral health skills as the first outcome and assessing oral health literacy as the second outcome. The strength of evidence from the reviewed articles was high and there was an enormous heterogeneity in the study design, OHL measurement instruments and outcomes measure. Interventions were considerably effective in improving oral health literacy.ConclusionHealth education that is tailored to the needs and addresses patients’ barrier to care can improve their oral health literacy level.
Influence of Illustrator’s Intentions and Visual Description Techniques of Medical Illustrations on Generating Interest and Boosting Comprehension of Medical Information
Authors: Haragi Makiko , Onozuka Ryo , Nishida Ryosuke , Koyama Shimpei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, an exploratory online survey was conducted to clarify points that have not been clarified so far in the medical illustration research field. If several illustrators make an illustration of the same information, does a match of intentions and techniques affect the impression or comprehension of the information? The aim is to further the utilization of medical illustration in actual practice (n=1104).First, we selected Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) as the medical condition about which information had to be disseminated. Then, we asked 32 art professionals to make six illustrations with three detail types (high, middle, and low) and two purposes (“getting interested” and “boosting comprehension”). Thereafter, we selected six different types of art professionals’ illustrations for the questionnaire to ask the participants about the intentions of the illustrations and comprehension of the content. We found that if the illustrator’s intentions and visual description techniques match with the recipients, the match of intentions could help generate interest in the content, and the match of visual description techniques could enhance the comprehension of the information.
Domain specific need assessment for Hospital Disaster Preparedness: a systematic review and critical interpretative synthesis
Authors: Pawar Neeraj , Gumashta Raghvendra , Gupta Girjesh , Mahore Rajendra , Gumashta Jyotsna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring disasters, the most pressing demands are those related to health, and hospital preparedness is an area that require special attention. Hospitals are viewed as resources that must be proactively utilized in the event of a disaster. If national and local systems, particularly health systems, are unprepared to deal with disasters, the vulnerability of both individuals and communities is amplified. The unexpected surge in demand for important health services caused by disasters frequently overwhelms health systems and institutions, leaving them unable to perform the life-saving measures that are required. This study aims to understand various domains of hospital disaster preparedness by critically synthesizing qualitative evidence from selected research on the topic.MethodsElectronic data base from PubMed, Google Scholar, key hospital disaster related journals was explored with search syntax focusing on hospital related disaster preparedness. Peer reviewed English articles published from January 2011 were systematically selected and critical interpretative qualitative synthesis was done to have comprehensive understanding of the said phenomenon.ResultsA total of 29 articles were included in the systematic review. Major resultant domains describing disaster preparedness were Human Resource, Logistics And Finance, Response, Communication, Coordination, Patient Care, Evacuation and Personal Protection. Some domains were more emphasised than others, this information can help prioritizing the action based on need especially in the times of disaster.ConclusionDisaster preparedness needs a comprehensive approach including context specific optimization with the effective use of available resources.
Hematopoietic and Lung Platelet Biogenesis as a Prognostic Indicator in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
Authors: Saito Shigeki , Chung Cheng Han H. , Jacob Alex , Nuradin Nebil , Meyer Amy E. , Saito Toshie , Yang Haoran , Kolls Jay K. , Thannickal Victor J. , Liu Yao-Zhong , Lasky Joseph A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRationale and objectivesThe role of human lung megakaryocytes in homeostasis and their dynamics in disease states remain unknown. We sought to investigate whether megakaryocyte/platelet gene signatures are altered in IPF.MethodsWe analyzed publicly available transcriptome datasets of lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, and peripheral whole blood from IPF patients and healthy controls. Enrichment of megakaryocyte and platelet gene signatures in those datasets were estimated using xCell, a novel computational method. Furthermore, we analyzed whether mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet counts in peripheral blood are associated with lung transplant-free survival in our IPF cohort.ResultsIn lung tissue, megakaryocyte gene signature enrichment scores were significantly lower in IPF than in controls. In BAL cells, platelet gene signature enrichment scores were significantly lower in IPF than in controls, and lower platelet scores were associated with lower lung transplant-free survival in IPF. In contrast, in blood, megakaryocyte scores were significantly higher in IPF than in controls, and higher megakaryocyte scores were associated with lower disease progression-free survival in IPF. Furthermore, higher MPV was associated with lower transplant-free survival in our IPF cohort, independent of age, sex, forced vital capacity (FVC), and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO).ConclusionsIn IPF, megakaryocyte/platelet gene signatures were altered in a compartment-specific manner. Moreover, those signatures and MPV in blood were associated with important clinical outcomes such as transplant-free survival. These findings provide new insights into altered megakaryocyte/platelet biogenesis in IPF and suggest the potential utility of megakaryocyte/platelet-based biomarkers in IPF.
Sustained patient use and improved outcomes with digital transformation of a COPD service: RECEIVER trial and DYNAMIC-SCOT COVID-19 scale-up response
Authors: Taylor A , Cushing A , Dow M , Anderson J , McDowell G , Lua S , Manthe M , Padmanabhan S , Burns S , McGinness P , Lowe DJ , Carlin C 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionLenusCOPD has been co-designed to enable digital transformation of COPD services for proactive preventative care. Patient-facing progressive web application, clinician dashboard and support website integrate patient-reported outcomes (PROs), self-management resources, structured clinical summary, wearable and home NIV data with asynchronous patient-clinician messaging. We commenced the implementation-effectiveness observational cohort RECEIVER trial in September 2019, with the primary endpoint of sustained patient usage and secondary endpoints including admissions, mortality, exacerbations, service workload and quality of life. We paused recruitment in March 2021 and provided LenusCOPD as routine care in the “DYNAMIC-SCOT” COVID-19 response service scale-up.Methods83 RECEIVER trial participants and 142 DYNAMIC-SCOT participants had completed minimum 1 year follow-up when we censored data on 31st August 2021. We established a control cohort with 5 patients matched per RECEIVER participant from de-identified contemporary routine clinical data.ResultsSustained patient app utilisation was noted in both cohorts. Median time to admission or death was 43 days in control, 338 days in RECEIVER and 400 days in DYNAMIC-SCOT participants who had had a respiratory-related admission in the preceding year. The 12-month risk of admission or death was 74% in control patients, 53% in RECEIVER and 47% in the DYNAMIC-SCOT sub-cohort participants. There was a median of 2.5 COPD exacerbations per patient per year with stable quality of life across follow up and a manageable workload for clinical users.ConclusionsA high proportion of people continued to use the co-designed LenusCOPD application during extended follow-up. Outcome data supports scale-up of this digital service transformation.Key messagesWhat is the key question?Can sustained patient interaction and improved patient outcomes be achieved with digital transformation of a COPD service?What is the bottom line?Participants continue to use the LenusCOPD patient app, with an average of 3-3.5 interactions per person per week sustained >1-year post-onboarding. COPD- related hospital admissions and occupied bed days were reduced following LenusCOPD onboarding in participants with a history of a severe exacerbation in the previous year, with a median time to readmission of 380 days compared with 50 days in a contemporary matched control patient cohort.Why read on?Feasibility and utility results support scale-up adoption of these digital tools, to support optimised co-management of COPD and other long-term conditions within a continuous implementation-evaluation framework. This will establish a test-bed infrastructure for additional innovations including artificial intelligence-insights for MDT decision support.
Viral dynamics of Omicron and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants with implications for timing of release from isolation: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Bouton Tara C. , Atarere Joseph , Turcinovic Jacquelyn , Seitz Scott , Sher-Jan Cole , Gilbert Madison , White Laura , Zhou Zhenwei , Hossain Mohammad M. , Overbeck Victoria , Doucette-Stamm Lynn , Platt Judy , Landsberg Hannah E. , Hamer Davidson H. , Klapperich Catherine , Jacobson Karen R. , Connor John H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn January 2022, United States guidelines shifted to recommend isolation for 5 days from symptom onset, followed by 5 days of mask wearing. However, viral dynamics and variant and vaccination impact on culture conversion are largely unknown.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal study on a university campus, collecting daily anterior nasal swabs for at least 10 days for RT-PCR and culture, with antigen rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) on a subset. We compared culture positivity beyond day 5, time to culture conversion, and cycle threshold trend when calculated from diagnostic test, from symptom onset, by SARS-CoV-2 variant, and by vaccination status. We evaluated sensitivity and specificity of RDT on days 4-6 compared to culture.ResultsAmong 92 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive participants, all completed the initial vaccine series, 17 (18.5%) were infected with Delta and 75 (81.5%) with Omicron. Seventeen percent of participants had positive cultures beyond day 5 from symptom onset with the latest on day 12. There was no difference in time to culture conversion by variant or vaccination status. For the 14 sub-study participants, sensitivity and specificity of RDT were 100% and 86% respectively.ConclusionsThe majority of our Delta- and Omicron-infected cohort culture-converted by day 6, with no further impact of booster vaccination on sterilization or cycle threshold decay. We found that rapid antigen testing may provide reassurance of lack of infectiousness, though masking for a full 10 days is necessary to prevent transmission from the 17% of individuals who remain culture positive after isolation.Main PointBeyond day 5, 17% of our Delta and Omicron-infected cohort were culture positive. We saw no significant impact of booster vaccination on within-host Omicron viral dynamics. Additionally, we found that rapid antigen testing may provide reassurance of lack of infectiousness.
Screening of SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals Through a Cell-Based RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) Reporter Assay
Authors: Uppal Timsy , Tuffo Kai , Khaiboullina Svetlana , Reganti Sivani , Pandori Mark , Verma Subhash C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2) continues to pose international public health threat and thus far, has resulted in greater than 5.6 million deaths worldwide. Vaccines are critical tools to limit COVID-19 spread, but antiviral drug development is an ongoing global priority due to fast spreading COVID-19 variants that may elude vaccines efficacies. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 is an essential enzyme of viral replication and transcription machinery complex. Therefore, the RdRp is an attractive target for the development of effective anti-COVID-19 therapeutics. In this study, we developed a cell-based assay to determine the enzymatic activity of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp through luciferase reporter system. The SARS-CoV-2 RdRp reporter assay was validated using a known inhibitors of RdRp polymerase, remdesivir along with other anti-virals including ribavirin, penciclovir, rhoifolin, 5’CT, and dasabuvir. Among these inhibitors, dasabuvir (FDA-approved drug) exhibited promising RdRp inhibitory activity. Anti-viral activity of dasabuvir was also tested on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 through infection of Vero E6 cells. Dasabuvir inhibited the replication of SARS-CoV-2, USA-WA1/2020 as well as B.1.617.2 (delta variant) in Vero E6 cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values 9.47 μM and 10.48 μM, for USA-WA1/2020 and B.1.617.2 variants, respectively). Our results suggests that dasabuvir can be further evaluated as a therapeutic drug for COVID-19. In addition, our assays provide robust, target-specific, and high-throughput screening compatible (z- and z’-factors of > 0.5) platforms that will be a valuable tool for the screening SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitors.SignificanceSARS-CoV-2 has caused a major public crisis world has seen in recent history. Development of vaccines and emergency use authorization of anti-virals are helping in reducing the burden of SARS-CoV-2 caused hospitalization and deaths. However, there is still need for optimal anti-viral(s) that can efficiently block viral propagation, and targeting viral polymerase (RdRp) is an among the most suitable targets for clamping viral replication. In this study, we developed a cell-based assay to screen potential compounds capable of blocking RdRp activity. The efficacy of our assay was validated by using already approved anti-virals, which reduced RdRp activity and slowed the replication of two SARS-CoV-2 variants (WA1 USA-WA1/2020 and B.1.617.2) in a cell culture model. This confirmed that our system can be used for identifying potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-virals.
Description of Halopseudomonas maritima sp. nov., based on phylogenomic analysis
Authors: Kujur Ritu Rani Archana , Das Subrata K 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTA novel bacterium, strain RR6T of the genus Halopseudomonas, was isolated from the sea sand from Paradip port area, India. Cells are Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, non-sporulating and motile. The major cellular fatty acids of RR6T were C10:0 3OH, C12:0, C16:1 w7c/16:1 w6c, 18:1 w7c and/or 18:1 w6c and C16:0. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), unidentified phospholipid (PL) and unidentified lipids (L1-L2). The genome size of the strain RR6 was 3.93 Mb. The genomic G+C content was 61.3%. Gene ontology study showed a significant fraction of genes were associated with biological processes (53%), followed by molecular function (36%) and cellular components (11%). Comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed 99.73 - 99.87 % sequence similarity with the closely related type strains of the genus Halopseudomonas. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) of RR6T with reference strains of closely related species of the genus Halopseudomonas were below 95–96, and the corresponding in-silico DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) values were below 70 %. A phylogenomic tree based on core genome analysis supported these results. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of RR6T indicate that the strain represents a novel species of the genus Halopseudomonas and the name Halopseudomonas maritima sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RR6T (= NBRC 115418T = TBRC 15628T).
Have deaths of despair risen during the COVID-19 pandemic? A rapid systematic review
Authors: Rahimi-Ardabili Hania , Feng Xiaoqi , Nguyen Phi-Yen , Astell-Burt Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on deaths of despair (suicide, overdoses and drug-related liver diseases).MethodsFive electronic databases were searched using search terms on deaths of despair and COVID-19.ResultsThe review of 70 publications included indicates that there is no change or a decline in the suicide rate during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Drug-related deaths such as overdose deaths and liver diseases, however, have been increased compared to the pre-pandemic rate. Findings are mainly from middle-high- and high-income countries and data from low-income countries are lacking. Synthesis of data from subgroup analysis indicates that some groups such as Black people, women and younger age groups would be more vulnerable to socioeconomic disruption during the pandemic.ConclusionStudies included in this review were preliminary and suffered from methodological limitations such as lack of inferential analysis or using provisional data. Further high-quality studies are needed considering the contribution of factors such as disease prevalence, government intervention and environmental characteristics.