bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Calcium And Phosphateleveelsin Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Taking Different Dose of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Matti Bassam Francis , Sabir Shahla'a Fadhil , Abdul Khaleq Maysaa Ali , Al kaabi Marwah Hasan 
Published: April 2022

Objective: chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative confusion characterized by the occurrence of an acquired mutation which affect the hematopoietic stem cell, treatment of CML with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has resulted in high response rates compared to the interferon alpha and hydroxy urea. However, the long-term consequences of TKI had an effect on calcium (Ca++ ) and phosphate(PO4-2 ) levels which may have adverse events on the cardiac and skeletomuscular contraction. Methods: in a cross-sectional study, 95 patients with CML receiving different TKI treatment for at least one year duration were randomly divided in to three groups: group (1) who received imatinib myselate (Gleevec) 400mgper oral per day,the second group were patients received gleevec 600mg-800mg/day, while the third group patients were received nilotinib 800mg/day as a second line therapy after failure to imatinib mylselate response . Results: in the present study,serum Ca++ level was a significant lower statistical different with p < 0.05 when compared with serum level of PO4-2inpatients treated with imatinib and nilotinib with lower serumCa++ and PO4-2levelsin imatinibpatientsgroup than patientsused nilotinib group with p-value 0.049 and 0.005 subsequently. Conclusion: imatinib therapy with the long term use may cause hypocalcemia and hypophospatemia without significant correlation more than treatment with nilotinib where significant correlation was between serum Ca++ and PO4-2and these changes may give an idea that disturbance of serum Ca++, PO4-2was multifactorial
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Chlordiazepoxide in Pharmaceutical Preparations Application to content uniformity testing
Authors: Ahmed Nief Rahman 
Published: April 2022

A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) has been developed for the determination of chlordiazepoxide in the pharmaceutical formulations . Separation was achieved using supelco C18 column(25cm x 4.6 mm. 5 µm). The mobile phase (ethanol), adjusted pH to 1.0 with 1N sulfuric acid and pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min . The peaks were detected at 310 nm. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 0.01- 0.20 mg/ml .The method was statistically validated and RSD was found to be less than 1.5 % indicating high degree of accuracy and precision of the proposed HPLC method. Due to its simplicity, rapidness, high precision and accuracy, the proposed HPLC method may be used for determining chlordiazepoxide in pure drug samples, and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Potential Benefit of Melatonin as an Adjuvant Therapy in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Crohn’s Disease: A New Study
Authors: Saleh Hussein Hazim , Abdulridha Manal Khalid , Najeb Akram Ajeel 
Published: April 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is considered as a general term for groups of idiopathic, chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorders of the GIT. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be divided into two main diseases: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a hormone that is secreted from a pineal gland and other tissues such as gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This study was intended to evaluate the potential effectiveness of melatonin as an adjuvant to the standard treatment. This interventional prospective randomized-controlled, open-label, single center study was carried out on 30 patients visiting the Biological Unit/Baghdad Teaching Hospital/Medical City Directorate, for their scheduled standard treatment for moderate to severe CD during the period from August 2016 to March 2017. Ethical committee approval and patients written consent were obtained. Hemoglobin (Hb) level in CD patients was significantly increased after both regimen (standard treatment and melatonin adjuvant therapy), but no significant difference in hemoglobin between the two groups. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) level was significantly decreased after both regimens (P<0.05) with no significant difference was found between patients groups. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level was not affected after both regimens in CD patients. From the present study, a promising therapeutic strategy emerged in respect to melatonin as adjuvant therapy in patients with CD which may suggest a role in ameliorating disease process both subjectively and objectively thus optimize therapeutic outcome
Relation Between Salivary (Immunoglobulin A , Flow Rate and PH ) level and Estrogen Receptor Expression Among Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Abd-Ali Al-Hashemi Esra Hassan , Abbas Maha Jamal , Al-Hadithi Haraa Khairi 
Published: April 2022

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins , either of nuclear or membrane type , that activated by estrogen hormone which expressed in majority of breast cancer patients . Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among the women and account about one third of the registered female malignancies. The relation between salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA), Salivary Flow Rate (SFR) and PH of saliva with sex hormone receptors expression yet not well understood where there was few researches that highlights the nature of relation . The reduction in the SIgA and SFR often makes oral tissue more prone for infection. The objectives of this study is to determine the relation between the SIgA, SFR, PH, and sex hormone receptor expression in patients with breast cancer.
study of cross sectional design was conducted from Jan. to Nov. 2016, samples of 3-5 ml of saliva collected from forty five (45) female patients with breast cancer at Oncology Teaching Hospital . The patients were categorized according to estrogen receptor status expression depending on their medical records (26 positive and 19 negative expression ). The sociodemographic characteristics and gynecological history including the age ,Body Mass Index(BMI), menopause status also reported. The SIgA, measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique (ELISA) , the SFR calculated by dividing the total collected saliva volume in milliliter by time in minute .The salivary PH measured by digital PH meter. Then the measured variables compared according to expression of estrogen receptor either positive or negative .The statistical analysis carried out by using independent student T- test and pearson correlation test were used to confirmed significant( p ≤ 0.05 ) was considered significant The results showed that the level of SIgA, SFR and salivary PH for group of ER+ ve expression were significantly lower than that of ER –ve expression where it was for ER+ve (136.8 , 155.7 and 5.8 ) while for ER-ve was (304.5, 248.5 and 6.1) respectively.also,the results revealed that a positive correlation between SIgA and SFR ( r=0.7) while a negative correlation between the SIgA and PH (r = -0.3) . We could conclude that the patients with breast cancer of ER+ve expression had low level of SIgA also had reduction in SFR which make them more prone for oral infection
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplement on Biochemical Markers and Blood Pressure Reading in Hypertensive patients as A secondary Prevention
Authors: Abdulaali Ameer Raad , Abdulridha Manal Khalid , Arif Inam Sameh , Al-Turfi Hameed Hussein 
Published: April 2022

Hypertension is the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It has two classes according to causes of the high blood pressure (Primary and Secondary). This study was intended to evaluate the potential benefit of vitamin D3 supplementation as a secondary preventive therapy for hypertensive patients. It is a prospective randomized controlled study was carried out on 40 patients visiting the Imam Al-Hussein medical city / Karbala and conducted from Sep 2016 to May 2017. The patients were allocated into group1; include 20 hypertensive patients presented with vitamin D deficiency assigned to receive conventional therapy for hypertension with vitamin D3 (100000 IU) orally every 2 weeks for 8 weeks, and group 2; include 20 hypertensive patients presented with vitamin D deficiency assigned to receive anti hypertension therapy only. Ethical committee approval and written consent of patients were obtained. Results revealed that the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on both angiotensin II level and endogenous vitamin D levels were significantly clear regardless of age group, gender, BMI, duration of disease, and smoking status, except for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, TC, and LDL-c was affected particularly by age group and the duration of disease.
In Vivo Study of the Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin Loaded on a Cellulose-Based Nanocarrier System
Authors: Hammed Tiba Majid , Dawood Ashour Hamood , Arif Inaam Sameh , Saihood Yahya Dreaim 
Published: April 2022

Many cancer treatment protocols regard doxorubicin as a one of the most effective anticancer agents available to treat different types of cancer. Its mechanisms of action include either intercalation with the DNA of the cancerous cells, production of reactive oxygen species ROS or it acts by inhibition of topoisomerase TOP IIα.
The international administration of doxorubicin is associated with a real problem which is cancer cells resistance, which is a worldwide problem that reduced its usage. Therefore, in this study doxorubicin was loaded on a cellulose-based nanocarrier system [Cellulose Nanowhiskers (CNWs)] as an attempt to increase its intracellular concentration and reduce its resistance. The effect of the loaded doxorubicin was evaluated by measuring the reduction in the size of the tumor masses those induced by intra peritoneal administration of adenocarcinoma cells (AM3) to a group of albino mice.
This study was performed in comparison with unloaded doxorubicin and it was found that the loaded doxorubicin produced a significant reduction in tumor size with suspended antitumor effect compared to the unloaded doxorubicin.
Association of GSTP1 Ile-105-Val Gene Polymorphism with Response to Treatment Among Iraqi Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Patients
Authors: Alaqidi Atyab Abdul Hameed , Alwash Maysem Mouayad 
Published: April 2022

Background: Pharmacogenomics is a relatively new study field that synergize pharmacology with genomics, analyzing the correlation between genetic variation and pharmacokinetics among patients. In the current study, we evaluated the potential effect of functional polymorphisms within gene encoding for Glutathione S transferase pi class (GSTPs) and treatment response among chronic myeloid leukaemia) CML) patients. GSTPs are multifunctional phase II biotransformation enzymes. Their main biologic role is to catalyze the conjugation to endogenous glutathione (GSH). In addition, they can alter drug potency in malignant cells. Polymorphic variants of these enzymes have been implicated in inter-patients' variability in drug response and outcome in CML patients.
Aim of study: Evaluating the association between GSTP1 Ile-105-Val gene polymorphism and response to treatment among Iraqi CML patients.
Method: A ‘PCR-RFLP’ assay was implemented to detect the polymorphic variants of codon 105 GSTP1 gene of forty Iraqi CML patients in chronic phase referring to the National Center of Haematology in the period between November 2017 and July 2018.
Results: Our result revealed a statistically significant association between the GSTP1 genotypes and response to treatment. The variant genotypes were associated with inferior log reduction in BCR-ABL1 mRNA and poorer responses comparing to the wild genotype with P-value of 0.006, and 0.034 respectively.
The Effect of Vitamin D3 and Co-enzyme Q10 Supplementation on Metabolic Biomarkers in Women with Clomiphene Citrate Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Yahya Ansam Abdulameer , Abdulridha Manal Khalid , Al-Rubuyae Bushra Jassim 
Published: April 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, the pathogenesis of PCOS imitated to be as a vicious cycle involving both hyperandrogenaemia and insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is common among women with PCOS (approximately 67%–85% women with PCOS have VDD). Vitamin D3 and CoQ10 could affect glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity and improve metabolic abnormalities in PCOS. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of combining oral vitamin D3 tablet or CoQ10 capsule with clomiphene citrate on metabolic biomarkers in women with clomiphene citrate resistance PCOS patients. A prospective interventional randomized-controlled, open-label study include 41 PCOS patients aged range (18-34)years who are clomiphene citrate resistant divided into two groups, group 1 (n=24) whose endogenous vitamin D status less than 20ng/ml receive clomiphene citrate 100mg daily(for 5 days monthly induction) plus vitamin D 10000IU daily (2 months) and group 2 (n=17) whose endogenous vitamin D status equal or more than 20ng/ml receive clomiphene citrate 100mg daily(for 5 days monthly induction) plus CoQ10 200mg daily (2 months). Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and 2 months after intervention to measure metabolic biomarkers [fasting serum insulin (FSI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)]. After 2 months both interventions result in non-significant change in FSI and FBG while HOMA-IR and QUICKI decreased by both interventions, but the decrease is significant only with CoQ10 supplementations. In conclusion, Vitamin D and CoQ10 supplementation result in improvement in HOMA-IR and QUICKI but the improvement was more obvious in CoQ10 group.
Outcome Melatonin Supplementation on Insulin Resistance in a Sample of Iraqi Acromegalic Patients with Sleep Apnea
Authors: Hamid Yusr abdulkarim , Kadhim Kadhim Ali , Rahmah Abbas Mahdi 
Published: April 2022

Sleep apnea, a common respiratory complication of acromegaly is accountable for 25% of deaths in acromegalic patients. It contributes to increasing cardiovascular diseases and raising mortality rate in acromegalic patients and still persists after control of
acromegaly. Raised insulin resistance that was noticed in some acromegalic patients are believed to be caused by acromegaly itself, weight gain, octreotide therapy or the deleterious effect of sleep apnea itself. It was found that both acromegaly and sleep apnea share a disordered melatonin secretion. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have shown a promising role of melatonin as an antidiabetic agent. Nevertheless, no other study had examined the effect of melatonin supplementation on insulin resistance level in acromegalic patients receiving their standard treatment and experiencing some sleep difficulties. The study was designed to scrutinize the effect of melatonin supplementation on insulin resistance in controlled acromegalic patients who had been receiving their standard treatment. It was a prospective randomised controlled open labelled study included 27 Iraqi acromegalic patients. Their age ranged (29-57).The patients were receiving their usual octreotide monthly dose determined by the physician to control their disease and they had moderate to severe sleep apnea (Epworth sleepiness scale and STOP-BANG score were used to include them in the study ,they were enrolled if the summation of their ESS points ≥10 or of their STOP-BANG points ≥3).The patients were divided into two groups, group 1 included 15 patients taking their usual octreotide dose once monthly plus 5 mg of melatonin at night, group 2 included 12 patients taking their usual octreotide dose only. Blood samples were taken at fasting state at baseline and after 2 months to estimate serum growth hormone (GH), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin and blood glucose. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA) result was calculated for each subject. At the end of the study period, melatonin treated group showed no significant change in GH, IGF-1, a highly significant decrease in glucose level (p<0.001), a highly significant decrease in insulin (p<0.001) and a highly significant decrease in HOMA score (p<0.001).Standard treatment group showed no significant difference in GH, IGF-1, insulin level and HOMA score at the end of the two months study period and a highly significant increase in glucose level. In conclusion, our study has confirmed the existing evidence of that melatonin supplementation improves glucose homeostasis and offers promising tool for future studies in acromegalic patients and larger trials.
Evaluating the Proposed Mechanism by Which Atorvastatin Can Protect Renal Tissue against Contrast Media: An Animal study
Authors: Sharif Samer Jaffar , Mshimesh Bahir Abdul Razzaq , Hameed Ahmed Fakhir , Suzan Suzan Suzan 
Published: April 2022

Contrast- induced nephropathy (CIN) is an elevation of serum creatinine of ≥ 0.5 mg/dL from baseline after two to three days of exposure to contrast substance if there is no other cause for acute kidney injury. Atorvastatin may protect normal kidney physiology from contrast- induced
kidney injury by effects unrelated to hypolipidemia termed pleiotropic effect by decline of endothelin production, angiotensin system down regulation, and under expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. This study was conducted to assess the strategy by which atorvastatin can achieve protective effect for kidneys after exposure to contrast media in an animal model. A 40 male rats were distributed randomly into 4 groups; ten rats for each: group (1): given normal saline; group (2): CIN group given iopromide as contrast media; group (3): given atorvastatin (20mg/kg) and iopromide; and group (4): given atorvastatin (40mg/kg) and iopromide. Blood collected by cardiac puncture for detection of serum glutathione, malondialdehyde, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and interleukin-18. The results have shown a significant increase in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in contrast media group, and significant reduction in these markers in atorvastatin treated groups, in a dose-dependent manner. As conclusion, atorvastatin mechanism for protection against CIN in a dose-dependent manner can mediate by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
Cytotoxic Activity of Iraqi Cressa Cretica
Authors: Fawzi Farah , Mahdi Monther F. , Abaas Ibrahim S. 
Published: April 2022

Cressa cretica Fam: Convolvulaceae (morning glory). These plants are native to the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Nutritional analysis provide it to be a potential source of minerals, energy, carbohydrate, alpha-tocopherol, edible oil. From phytochemical point of view, the
plant was reported to contain: coumarins, sterols, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, unidentified sugars and high salt content. Ethyl acetate layer and ethanolic layer were examined for cytotoxic activity.Kampferol-3-O-glucoside (Astragalin) was isolated as amorphous powder from the aerial parts of Cressa cretica. The flavonoid in the Iraqi plant was detected by TLC. Its presence was confirmed by HPLC.
Utilization of Natural Polymer in the Preparation of Oral Jelly of Granisetron
Authors: Kadhim Zahraa Mohammed , Ali Wedad K 
Published: April 2022

The aim of present study was to formulate and evaluate oral jellies containing granisetron (GSN). This new dosage form was designed for administration of the drug to specific aged patients (i.e. pediatric) in certain condition. GSN is an antiemetic which is usually used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The
selection of this dosage form was based on its acceptability by pediatric population, ease of use and no need for water after taking the dose. In this study, two types of natural jellifying agents have been used in different concentrations. The natural jellifying agents which have been used were pectin and sodium alginate. The effect of jellifying agent and their concentrations have been investigated. Oral jell was prepared by heat and congealing method. Then investigations were done by measuring the pH, content uniformity, syneresis, stability, general appearance and production yield. The investigations showed that the formulation F3 with 5% pectin is the best one.
Utilization of Natural Polyelectrolytes in the Preparation of Naproxen as Sustained Release Matrix Tablet
Authors: Hamzah Zahraa Oleiwi , Ali Wedad k. 
Published: April 2022

Our study demonstrates the preparation of naproxen as a sustained release matrix tablet using polyelectrolyte complexes PECs.The cationic polymer used in this study is chitosan CS while the anionic polymer includes sodium alginate SA, xanthan gum XG or carrageenan CG as anionic polymers. FT-IR spectra of these

complexes were studied to indicate the interactions between polyions. Precompression and compresion parameters were studied including the flowability, tablet hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, drug content and in vitro release study. The results showed that the release rate of naproxen was decreased in the formulas that contains the physical mixtures comparing to the formulas with single polymer and the formula containing high molecular weight chitosan: xanthan gum CSh: XG physical mixture in 3:1 ratio formed the strongest PEC in which the release rate extended up to 20 hr. In conclusion, this work succeeded in preparation of naproxen as oral sustained release matrix tablet, using a physical mixture of cationic and anionic polymers to form PECs resulting in less frequent dosing and a reduction in gastric irritation.
Cytotoxic Effect of Nefazodone on HepG2 Cell Line and the Reliability of Comet Assay to Determine Genotoxicity.
Authors: Sakin Mustafa Tariq , Kamal Yassir Mustafa 
Published: April 2022

Nefazodone is atypical antidepressant which was manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb in 1994 to avoid the adverse effects associated with other antidepressants, including nausea, sedation, insomnia, cardiovascular toxi-city, weight gain and dysfunction.
In 2004, nefazodone was withdrawn from USA after its withdrawal from Canada and Europe due to the reports of liver injury in patients treated with this drug. The current study was performed to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of nefazodone on HepG2 cell line at different concentrations by using MTT assay and comet assay, respectively. The results showed that nefazodone causes a reduction in cells viability of HepG2 cell line with an IC50 4.682 µg/ml. Comet assay showed a significant increment in the three parameters (tail length, percent of DNA in tail and tail moment) in a concentration-dependent manner, when compared with negative control (p˂0.01), but these results considered as false positive due to cells death.
Iron status in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Daoud Aseel Ghassan , Jaber Huda , Abdalah Mayssaa E. 
Published: April 2022

Diabetes mellitus can be defined as chronic metabolic disease which results from either relative or complete absence of insulin by the pancreatic beta islet cells. This in-turn may lead to hyperglycemia due to disturbances in the metabolism of glucose. In the human body, iron is con-
sidered to be an effective pro-oxidant and participates in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radical. Because of the poor antioxidant defense mechanism of beta cells (low production of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase and dismutase), so they are highly prone to iron-induced oxidative stress and iron deposition in it and this will lead to apoptosis, and subsequently insulin deficiency. This iron deposition in beta cells will also lead to insulin resistance by reducing insulin extracting ability of the liver and inhibiting glucose uptake in muscle tissues and fats, this in turn will result in high production of hepatic glucose. Ferritin which is an acute phase reactant protein, that responds to acute stress like trauma, infections, tissue necrosis and surgery, it can produce diabetes mellitus either through inflammation or by increasing iron stores.