bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Acyl Radicals Generated by Visible Light Enable Stereoselective Access to 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles: Application toward the Synthesis of (–)- and (+)-Physovenine
Authors: Petersen Wade F. , Späth Josef , Oddy Meghan J. , Hunter Roger 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExploration of the repurposing of N-acyl chiral auxiliaries for use as novel chiral C1 radical synthons is reported. The acyl radicals are generated under visible-light-mediated single-electron transfer of N-hydroxyphthalimido ester, and their use toward the stereoselective synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles via a radical addition–cyclisation sequence is demonstrated. The downstream synthetic utility of this method is showcased in the formal synthesis of the natural product (–)-physovenine. TEMPO trapping experiments support the proposed reaction mechanism.
Frequency and nature of endoscopic and pathologic errors leading to referral for endoscopic resection to a tertiary center
Authors: Lahr Rachel E. , McWhinney Connor D. , Cummings Oscar W. , Rex Douglas K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims We anecdotally encounter cases where referring endoscopists made errors in endoscopic interpretation of a colorectal lesion, sometimes combined with pathology errors at the referring centers, resulting in referral to our center for endoscopic resection. In this paper, we describe the frequency and nature of endoscopic and pathology errors leading to consultation for endoscopic resection.
Patients and methods Review of 760 consecutive referrals to our center over a 26-month interval.
Results In total, 28 (3.7 %) of all referred patients had ≥ 1 lesion that did not require any resection after investigation. There were 12 cases (1.6 % of all referrals) involving errors by both the referring endoscopist and the pathologist at the referring center. Errors commonly involved the ileocecal valve, lipomas, and mucosal prolapse changes. There were 15 additional referrals (2.0 % of all referrals) where no neoplastic lesion was identified at our center and either no biopsy was taken at the referring center (n = 9 patients, 10 lesions), the patient was referred although biopsy showed no neoplasia (n = 6), or the referring doctor correctly interpreted the lesion (lipoma), but the outside pathologist incorrectly reported adenoma (n = 1).
Conclusions Endoscopists at tertiary centers should expect referrals to clarify the nature of colorectal lesions as neoplastic or non-neoplastic. Community endoscopists with equivocal endoscopic findings and unexpected or equivocal pathology results can consider pathology review at their center or at an expert center before referral for endoscopic or surgical resection.
Development of the “Teamwork in Endoscopy Assessment Module for Endoscopic Non-Technical Skills” (TEAM-ENTS) behavioral marker system
Authors: Ravindran Srivathsan , Cavilla Rebecca , Ashrafian Hutan , Haycock Adam , Healey Chris , Coleman Mark , Archer Steph , Darzi Ara , Thomas-Gibson Siwan ,   on behalf of the TEAM-ENTS working group
Published: October 2022

Background Non-technical skills (NTS) are integral to team performance and subsequent quality and safety of care. Behavioral marker systems (BMSs) are now increasingly used in healthcare to support the training and assessment of team NTS. Within gastrointestinal endoscopy, this is an area of novel research. The aims of this study were to define the core relevant NTS for endoscopy teams and develop a preliminary framework for a team-based BMS known as TEAM-ENTS (Teamwork in Endoscopy Assessment Module for Endoscopic Non-Technical Skills).
Methods This study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, a literature review of team-based BMSs was performed to inform an interview study of core endoscopy team members. Cognitive task analysis was used to break down the NTS relevant to endoscopy teams. Framework analysis generated the structure for the preliminary TEAM-ENTS framework. In phase 2, a modified Delphi process was undertaken to refine the items of the framework.
Results Seven consultant endoscopists and six nurses were interviewed. The final coding framework consisted of 88 codes grouped into five overarching categories. In total, 58 participants were recruited to the Delphi panel. In the first round, nine elements and 37 behavioral descriptors did not meet consensus. Following item adjustment, merging and deletion, all remaining items met consensus thresholds after the second round. The refined TEAM-ENTS BMS consists of five categories, 16 elements, and 47 behavioral descriptors.
Conclusions The refined TEAM-ENTS behavioral marker system was developed to reflect the core NTS relevant to endoscopy teams. Future studies will aim to fully validate this tool.
Nicotinamide Riboside for Ataxia Telangiectasia: A Report of an Early Treated Individual
Authors: Steinbrücker Katja , Tiefenthaler Elke , Schernthaner Eva-Maria , Jungwirth Julia , Wortmann Saskia B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA first study on nicotinamide riboside treatment of 24 individuals with ataxia telangiectasia with a mean age of 17.5 years showed improved ataxia scores and immunoglobulin levels. We here present the effect of nicotinamide riboside in another individual with ataxia and recurrent infections in whom treatment started as early as at the age of 3 years and 6 months.During 11 months of follow-up, mean total Scale-for-the-Assessment-and-Rating-of-Ataxia decreased from 27 to 9 points and mean total Score for the Gross-Motor-Function-Measure increased from 61 to 78%. Improvement in drawing skills was observed by ICF-based ergotherapeutic examination. Use of antibiotics and frequency of hospitalizations due to infections were reduced by more than 90%. Immunological parameters in blood remained unchanged. No adverse effects occurred.While the effects on motor and speech improvement might be partly explained by development, our study replicates the previous finding of a positive effect of nicotinamide riboside treatment in ataxia telangiectasia. One could even hypothesize that the early treatment will lead to even better outcome. Given the absence of adverse effects, we strongly encourage to consider nicotinamide riboside in all individuals with ataxia telangiectasia.
I2-DMSO-Promoted Direct Synthesis of Substituted Imidazoles from Styrenes and Benzylamines under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Dandela Rambabu , Bhukta Swadhapriya , Chatterjee Rana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA novel and efficient method has been developed for the direct synthesis of substituted imidazoles through the reaction of styrenes and benzylamines with the assistance of I2-DMSO concerted system. The reactions proceed efficiently under open air and solvent-free conditions to afford a wide variety of substituted imidazoles in good yields. A productive large-scale synthesis also has been performed to target highly substituted heterocyclic motifs. The present protocol offers metal- and solvent-free process, mild conditions, easily accessible reactants, and operational simplicity to achieve an assembly of substituted N-heterocyclic compounds.
Survey on the Use of Zirconia Crowns in Pediatric Population among General Dental Practitioners
Authors: N. Vatsala , Urs Pallavi , Nagar Priya , Lakhotia Richa , Jenny Anisha , Saseendran Anagha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Pediatric zirconia crowns are metal free and more aesthetic and compatible option available for the full coronal coverage of the affected primary dentition. These crowns are not new to pediatric dentistry but usage is limited.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted among 200 general dental practitioners and were requested to answer a questionnaire. The questions were framed regarding the knowledge of pediatric dental procedures, aesthetic replacement in case of full coverage restorations, and zirconia crown's features and its use in the practice, and were evaluated.
Results Results were based on features of zirconia crowns according to which 81.5% participants mentioned them as stainless steel alternative and 62% as biocompatible material. Clinical aspects evaluated the amount of occlusal reduction in case of zirconia crown tooth preparation as 1 to 1.5 mm by 72.5% of the participants. Appropriate type of finish line and type of margins advocated by the participants was chamfer and subgingival finish line, respectively, according 62.0% participants.
Conclusion The use of zirconia crowns for replacement of lost tooth structure and post-pulp therapy helps in creating good-looking restorations which help children and adolescents to improve their self-image.
Unravelling the Development of Non-Covalent Organocatalysis in India
Authors: Sahoo Jigyansa , Panda Jeetendra , Sahoo Gokarneswar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis review is devoted to underpinning the contributions of Indian researchers towards asymmetric organocatalysis. More specifically, a comprehensive compilation of reactions mediated by a wide range of non-covalent catalysis is illustrated. A detailed overview of vividly catalogued asymmetric organic transformations promoted by hydrogen bonding and Brønsted acid catalysis, alongside an assortment of catalysts is provided. Although asymmetric organocatalysis has etched itself in history, we aim to showcase the scientific metamorphosis of Indian research from baby steps to large strides within this field. 1	Introduction2	Non-Covalent Catalysis and Its Various Activation Modes3	Hydrogen-Bonding Catalysis3.1	Urea- and Thiourea-Derived Organocatalysts3.1.1	Thiourea-Derived Organocatalysts3.1.2	Urea-Derived Organocatalysts3.2	Squaramide-Derived Organocatalysts3.2.1	Michael Reactions3.2.2	C-Alkylation Reactions3.2.3	Mannich Reactions3.2.4	[3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions3.3	Cinchona-Alkaloid-Derived Organocatalysts3.3.1	Michael Reactions3.3.2	Aldol Reactions3.3.3	Friedel–Crafts Reactions3.3.4	Vinylogous Alkylation of 4-Methylcoumarins3.3.5	C-Sulfenylation Reactions3.3.6	Peroxyhemiacetalisation of Isochromans3.3.7	Diels–Alder Reactions3.3.8	Cycloaddition Reactions3.3.9	Morita–Baylis–Hilman Reactions4	Brønsted Acid Derived Organocatalysts4.1	Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis4.1.1	Diels–Alder Reactions4.1.2	Addition of Ketimines4.1.3	Annulation of Acyclic Enecarbamates5	Conclusion
COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: Review of the Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Ortega-Paz Luis , Talasaz Azita H. , Sadeghipour Parham , Potpara Tatjana S. , Aronow Herbert D. , Jara-Palomares Luis , Sholzberg Michelle , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Bikdeli Behnood 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 is associated with endothelial activation in the setting of a potent inflammatory reaction and a hypercoagulable state. The end result of this thromboinflammatory state is an excess in thrombotic events, in particular venous thromboembolism. Pulmonary embolism (PE) has been of special interest in patients with COVID-19 given its association with respiratory deterioration, increased risk of intensive care unit admission, and prolonged hospital stay. The pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19-associated PE may differ from the conventional non–COVID-19-associated PE. In addition to embolic events from deep vein thrombi, in situ pulmonary thrombosis, particularly in smaller vascular beds, may be relevant in patients with COVID-19. Appropriate prevention of thrombotic events in COVID-19 has therefore become of critical interest. Several changes in viral biology, vaccination, and treatment management during the pandemic may have resulted in changes in incidence trends. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of COVID-19-associated PE. Furthermore, we briefly summarize the results from randomized controlled trials of preventive antithrombotic therapies in COVID-19, focusing on their findings related to PE. We discuss the acute treatment of COVID-19-associated PE, which is substantially similar to the management of conventional non-COVID-19 PE. Ultimately, we comment on the current knowledge gaps in the evidence and the future directions in the treatment and follow-up of COVID-19-associated PE, including long-term management, and its possible association with long-COVID.
High resolution two-dimensional infrared (HR-2DIR) spectroscopy of gas phase molecules
Authors: Daniels DeAunna A. , Wells Thresa A. , Chen Peter C. 
Published: October 2022

Two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy has become an established method for generating vibrational spectra in condensed phase samples composed of mixtures that yield heavily congested infrared and Raman spectra. These condensed phase 2DIR spectrometers can provide very high temporal resolution (&lt;1 ps), but the spectral resolution is generally insufficient for resolving rotational peaks in gas phase spectra. Conventional (1D) rovibrational spectra of gas phase molecules are often plagued by severe spectral congestion, even when the sample is not a mixture. Spectral congestion can obscure the patterns in rovibrational spectra that are needed to assign peaks in the spectra. A method for generating high resolution 2DIR spectra of gas phase molecules has now been developed and tested using methane as the sample. The 2D rovibrational patterns that are recorded resemble an asterisk with a center position that provides the frequencies of both of the two coupled vibrational levels. The ability to generate easily recognizable 2D rovibrational patterns, regardless of temperature, should make the technique useful for a wide range of applications that are otherwise difficult or impossible when using conventional 1D rovibrational spectroscopy.
Behaviour of Nigerian indigenous chickens
Authors: Iyasere Oluwaseun S. , Durosaro Samuel O. , Taylor Peta S. , Oyeniran Victor J. , Wheto Mathew , Daramola James O. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nigerian indigenous chickens (NICs) have undergone several years of natural selection and still maintain their natural behavioural repertoire close to that of the red jungle fowl. The three common genotypes of the NICs are normal, frizzle and naked neck, with the normal feather closest to the red jungle fowl and consisting of >90% of the population. Currently, there is scanty information on the behaviour of NIC. This review will focus on various behaviours of NICs such as feeding/foraging, sexual, nesting, egg-laying, brooding, maternal care, vocalization, and sleeping. Special behavioural cases such as cock-hen preference and mixed brooding are also discussed. We also present here for the first time some preliminary vocalization characteristics of NICs. Comparisons of the behaviours of NICs, their ancestor red jungle fowl, and other native chickens are also made. The information obtained from this review will help chicken farmers to manage their birds better. Also, information obtained from this review contributes to the field of chicken behavioural science, since behaviours are linked with welfare issues in chickens.
Book Review: “Harnessing the Power of Equine Assisting Counseling: Adding Animal Assisted Therapy to Your Practice” (2012)
Authors: Sudekum Trotter Kay , Matamonasa-Bennett Arieahn 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

This edited volume, published by Routledge in 2012, is written for mental health professionals who are interested in incorporating equine assisted counseling techniques into their practice modalities. Trotter collected a wide range of essays
from
counselors working with horses in clinical practice
for
counselors interested in this therapeutic intervention. In her introduction, Trotter provides information on her background in the field, including her doctoral dissertation and subsequent publication on the efficacy of group equine assisted counseling with at-risk children (
Trotter, Chandler, Goodwin-Bond, & Casey, 2008
). Additionally, she offers readers suggestions on how to best use this book as well as detailed biographies on each of the essay contributors.
Influence of Biographical Variables and Academic Background on Attitudes towards Animal-Assisted Interventions
Authors: López-Cepero J. , Perea-Mediavilla M.A. , Sarasola J.L. , Tejada A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been increasing evidence of the benefits of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) among diverse groups and settings. However, little is known of the variables that can affect the attitudes of professionals towards these interventions. Two studies were done with university students in southern Spain. The first study (N=474, 80% women, M=23 years old) showed that personal experience with companion animals was the variable that best predicted intent to practice AAI, following by information received by the mass media and gender (higher intent among men). In this study, neither reading scientific literature on the topic nor formal training in AAI had a significant effect. The second study (N=22 women, M=24.5 years old) evaluated the change in attitudes before and after a three-hour learning session that included technical information and practical exercises. According to this study, 95% of the participants had higher expectations for AAI after the session, a change that can be attributed mainly to the direct experience with the animal and to a lesser extent, to the conceptual and scientific contents of the session. Researchers discuss the implicit risk of confusion detected between personal preferences and the technical capacity of AAI, revealing a need for training that is not currently covered in undergraduate studies.
“Before, he fought every day with the horse and with me”: Reducing Violence in a Guatemalan Community through a Horse-Handling Program
Authors: Gibbons Judith L. , Cunningham Catherine A. , Paiz Leslie , Poelker Katelyn E. , Montufar Cardenas Marco Antonio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Community and family violence are endemic in Guatemala. We evaluated the effectiveness of a horse-handling program to reduce violent attitudes and aggressive behavior. Eighteen community members who worked with horses in their daily lives (16 men, 2 women, ages 15 to 58) participated in four weekly sessions of embodied experiences with horses. The program taught Monty Roberts’ Join-Up
®
, a method of non-violent handling, as well as desensitization of horses to feared objects. Compared to the pretest, on a posttest participants were less likely to endorse violent attitudes with respect to wife-beating, corporal punishment of children, and physical punishment of horses. Their horses also were less reactive to the owner’s approach. Female relatives reported that following the program participants provided better care for horses and were calmer and less aggressive with other people. These findings imply that an equine-facilitated program shows promise for transforming communities in which violence is prevalent.
The Impact of an Equine Facilitated Learning Program on Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Erdman Phyllis , Miller Darcy , Jacobson Sue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an equine facilitated learning program on youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who were paired with typically developing peers. Even though there has been an increasing interest in the field of animal assisted interventions and the benefits for youth with ASD, to date there is no research on using equine facilitated, peer assisted learning programs, emphasizing ground work rather than riding, with youth with ASD. An exploratory, mixed methods case study design was used with 3 youth with ASD and 3 youth without disabilities. An equine program based on a natural horsemanship framework that emphasized groundwork was implemented over 10 weeks of after-school sessions. Data from behavioral observations, parent interviews, and the Social Responsiveness Scale indicate that the three youth with ASD improved their social awareness and social cognition, with two of the youth also improving their social motivation. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Face Processing of Animal and Human Static Stimuli by Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Grandgeorge Marine , Degrez Céline , Alavi Zarrin , Lemonnier Eric 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Animals are part of humans’ social environment and present numerous benefits. Each partner in a human-animal interaction uses signals emitted by the other (e.g. postures, gestures or gaze directions) to collect information to adjust their behaviour. Face processing impairment is associated with social interaction impairment observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). For example children with ASD explore human eyes visually less than do neurotypical (NT) children. Given the strong bonding between ASD children and animals, we hypothesized that animal face processing by ASD is normal. Thus, our study compared ASD (n=12) and NT (n=18) childrens’ patterns of fixation of animal (horse, dog, and cat) and human faces in a passive viewing task using an eye tracking technique. Our results, using animal pictures, confirmed that the eyes were the part of the face looked at the longest by NT children and, to a lesser extent, by ASD children, but only NT children looked at the eyes of human pictures longer than other parts. Familiarity with animals seemed to modulate the exploration of animal, especially cat faces. Implications for understanding social interaction impairment related to ASD are discussed.
Shelter-Specific Occupational Stress among Employees in Animal Shelters
Authors: Schneider Margaret , Roberts Jesse 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the past 10 years a small number of articles have examined the personal and organizational costs associated with euthanasia-related strain among employees in animal shelters. However, there is very little research focusing on a wider range of potentialstressors especially without a pre-existing assumption that euthanasia is the most stressful part of the job. A few studies have identified other sources of stress among shelter workers. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the range of factors that may contribute to occupational stress in shelter workers. This study utilized a semi-structured interview. The participants were 22 shelter employees from seven shelters in Ontario, Canada and the northeastern United States. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Three categories of stressors were identified: a) those that are unique or largely unique to the shelter setting; b) those that can be found in a wide variety of occupations; and c) those that can be found in a wide variety of occupations, but are played out in unique ways in shelters. The stressors in the first category are reported here. Although euthanasia was a significant factor for 21 participants, five other major sources of stress were identified. Twenty-one participants cited the public’s perceptions of animal shelters and 18 cited rude and abusive human clients. Twelve cited relationships with the animals including attachment issues. Eight identified responsibility for life as a stressor. Eleven identified witnessing animal suffering.