bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience Exceeds Awareness of Anthropogenic Climate Change in Greenland
Authors: Minor Kelton , Lund-Jensen Manumina , Hamilton Lawrence , Bendixen Mette , Lassen David Dreyer , Rosing Minik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Greenland’s residents and Ice Sheet are both exposed to pronounced Arctic warming. Although Greenland is a hub for climate science, the climate perceptions of Greenland’s predominantly Indigenous population remained unstudied through the past decade of multi-national climate opinion polls. Conducting two original nationally representative surveys, here we show that Greenlanders are more likely than residents of top oil-producing Arctic countries to perceive that climate change is happening, and about twice as likely to have personally experienced its effects. However, half are unaware that climate change is human-caused, and those who are most affected appear to be least aware. An Inuit cultural dimension, indicated by the intertwined social ecological factors of Indigenous identity, subsistence occupation, village community scale and no post-elementary education, proves to be the main positive predictor of climate change experience but also the strongest negative predictor of awareness of human-caused climate change. Despite Greenland’s centrality to climate research, we uncover a widespread gap between the scientific consensus and coastal Kalaallit views of climate change, particularly among the country’s youth, fishers, and hunters. This science-society gulf has immediate and prospective implications for local climate adaptation, climate science communication and knowledge exchange between generations, institutions, and communities.
Livelihood Challenges of Single Female Household Heads in the Rohingya and Host Communities in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nasar Sameen , Nadim A.S.M. , Raz Saifa , Jabbar Abdul , Hossain Muhammad Riaz , Aktar Bachera , Rahman M Shafiqur , Rashid Sabina Faiz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Following the mass influx of Rohingya refugees into Cox’s Bazaar, Bangladesh in 2017, makeshift settlement camps in Ukhiya and Teknaf have been overburdened, leading to livelihood challenges for both Rohingya and host communities. The humanitarian crisis has had adverse effects on vulnerable populations, which include the elderly, persons with disabilities, adolescents, and single female household heads. Using a subset of a larger dataset on households with most vulnerable groups in both communities, we analysed the effect of the pandemic and lockdown on the livelihood of single female household (HH) heads.
Methods
A cross-sectional household roster survey was designed to collect data from households with most vulnerable groups (MVGs) of host and Rohingya communities from December 2020 to March 2021; 11 host community villages and 10 Rohingya camps purposively selected as per the affiliated intervention of the project. The paper analysed quantitative and qualitative data from the sub-group of single female household heads without no income/low income. Participants were surveyed for their socio-demographic characteristics, COVID-19 experiences and knowledge, and food security situation, social experiences and mental health.
Results
We surveyed 432 single female HH heads. Support during the pandemic was reported to be low, with less than 50% of HHs reporting relief meeting their needs; only 36% and 15% of these HHs received rations in camps and host communities respectively. Loan facilities were mostly unavailable and there were reported insufficiencies in food consumption. Over 50% of respondents tested positive on the PHQ-2. Further analyses indicates that having a chronic health issue (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.33–3.66) was positively associated with the PHQ-2 score Rohingya single females. For host single females, having an ill member in the HH (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02–2.08) and the inability to save before the pandemic (OR 1.57 95% CI 1.11–2.23) increased the odds of testing positive.
Conclusion
Our study findings revealed insufficiencies with economic opportunities and food security for single female headed households, as well as a high rate of positive screening for depression amongst this population. These findings call for a more in-depth understanding of the needs of this group.
Cognitive Impairments Predict the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
Authors: Hemrungrojn Solaphat , Tangwongchai Sookjaroen , Charernboon Thammanard , Phanasathit Muthita , Chaipresertsud Pisit , Maleevach Pacharaporn , Likitjaroen Yuttachai , Phanthumchinda Kammant , Assawatinna Ratiya , Amrapala Arisara , Maes Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background: To evaluate the association between behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), as assessed via the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q), and cognitive impairments in individuals with dementia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).Methods:120 participants, comprising of 80 aMCI and 40 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) subjects, were included in the study. aMCI was diagnosed using Petersen’s criteria, whilst AD was diagnosed using the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/AD criteria.Results:Pure exploratory bifactor analysis revealed that a general factor and a single-group factor (with high loadings on delusions, hallucinations, apathy, and appetite) underpinned the NPI-Q domains. Significant negative correlations between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) total score and the general and single-group NPI-Q scores were found in all subjects (aMCI + AD combined) and AD, but not in aMCI. Cluster analysis allocated subjects with BPSD (10% of aMCI and 50% of AD participants) into a distinct ‘AD + BPSD’ class.Conclusion:The NPI-Q total score, which is an appropriate index of BPSD, is largely predicted by cognitive deficits. It is plausible that aMCI subjects with severe NPI-Q symptoms (10% of our sample) may have a poorer prognosis and constitute a subgroup of aMCI patients who will likely convert into AD.
Variation in Ecological Scorecards and their Potential for Wider Use: An Irish Case Study
Authors: Gorman Thomas , Morley Terry R , Kindermann Gesche 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ecological monitoring is a vital tool to help us assess habitat condition and understand the mechanism(s) for habitat change. Yet many countries struggle to meet their monitoring requirements in part due to the high assessment workload. Rapid ecological assessment methods may have an important role to play in this regard. Following their success on semi-natural grasslands, they are now being developed for multiple agri-associated habitats such as heathlands and peatlands. Whilst grassland scorecards have shown to be accurate compared to traditional ecological monitoring, less is known about the functionality of these scorecards in heterogenous landscapes. In this study, we selected four existing scorecards to test alongside a prototype. We assessed how these different scorecards measured habitat condition on the same heathland sites. We found that the choice of metrics, their score weighting, and the thresholds used for categorical scores cause scorecards to assess the same site with substantial variation (37%). Vegetation metrics were the primary cause of score variation, with vegetation structure and positive indicator species being the leading causes. Our study indicates that while current scorecards may be representative of project specific goals, they may not be suitable for wider monitoring uses in their current form. Ecological scorecards have great potential to drastically increase the extent of monitoring, but caution is needed before adapting existing scorecards beyond the purposes from which they were designed.
Risk factors for subsequent lupus nephritis in patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Chuan , Yang Yao-Hsu , Wang Li-Chieh , Lee Jyh-Hong , Yu Hsin-Hui , Lin Yu-Tsan , Hu Ya-Chiao , Chiang Bor-Luen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a crucial organ involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients with LN have higher morbidity and mortality ratesthan those without. Among all patients with LN, 20–40% haddelayed onset, but the data for patients with juvenile-onset SLE (jSLE), who have a higher percentage of LN than patients with adult-onset SLE (aSLE), were limited. This study aimedto determine the risk factors for subsequent LN in patients with jSLE.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2008 and 2018 in a single tertiary medical centre. Patients with diagnosed jSLE were reviewed. We investigated those without LN and traced whether they developed LN during the following time. The primary outcome was the development of subsequent LN. Clinicalmanifestations at diagnosis, serial laboratory data, and treatments were reviewed during follow-up periods.
Results: Among the 48 patients with jSLE without initial LN, 20 developed subsequent LN later (Group 1), whereas28 remained free of LN (Group 2). There was no difference in the percentage of initial manifestations except for more discoid rashes in Group2 patients. In the Cox regression model, elevated average anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody, low average serum complements, and high average erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels during follow-up were predictors of subsequent LN. After adjusting for these factors in multivariable analyses, only high average anti-dsDNA antibody and high average ESR levels remained predictive of subsequent LN. For every 100 IU/ml increase inanti-dsDNA antibody, the risk for subsequent LN in jSLE increases by 1.29 times (hazard ratio=1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.055–1.573).
Conclusion: Persistently high anti-dsDNA antibody and ESR levels during the follow-up period were risk factors for subsequent LN in patients with jSLE.
Efficiency of mapping epistatic quantitative trait loci
Authors: Viana José Marcelo , Souza Camila 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Most theoretical studies on epistatic QTL mapping have shown that this procedure is powerful, efficient to control the false positive rate (FPR), and precise to localize QTLs. The objective of this simulation-based study was to show that mapping epistatic QTLs is not an almost perfect process. We simulated 50 samples of 400 F2 plants, genotyped for 975 SNPs distributed in 10 chromosomes of 100 cM. The plants were phenotyped for grain yield, assuming 10 epistatic QTLs and 90 minor genes. Adopting basic procedures of r/qtl package we maximized the power of detection for QTLs (56-74%, on average) but associated with a very high FPR (65%) and a low detection power for the epistatic pairs (7%). Increasing the average detection power for epistatic pairs (14%) highly increased the related FPR. Adopting a procedure to find the best balance between power and FPR, there was a significant decrease in the power of QTL detection (17-31%, on average), associated with a low average detection power for epistatic pairs (8%) and an average FPR of 31% for QTLs and 16% for epistatic pairs. The main reasons for these negative results are a simplified specification of the coefficients of epistatic effects, as theoretically proved, and the effects of minor genes since 2/3 of the FPR for QTLs were due to them. We hope that this study, including the partial derivation of the coefficients of epistatic effects, motivates investigations on how to increase the power of detection for QTLs and epistatic pairs, effectively controlling the FPR.
Optimization of polymyxin B regimens for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant organism nosocomial pneumonia: a real-world prospective study
Authors: Tang Tiantian , Li Ying , Xu Ping , Zhong Yanjun , Yang Min , Ma Wanjun , Xiang Daxiong , Zhou Yangang , Zhang Bikui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Polymyxin B is the first line therapy for Carbapenem-resistant organism (CRO) nosocomial pneumonia. However, clinical data for its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship is limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between polymyxin B exposure and efficacy for the treatment of CRO pneumonia in critically ill patients, and to optimize the individual dosing regimens.
Methods
Patients treated with polymyxin B for CRO pneumonia were enrolled. Blood samples were assayed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Population PK analysis and monte carlo simulation were performed using Phoenix NLME software. Logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were employed to identify the significant predictors and PK/PD indices of polymyxin B efficacy.
Results
A total of 105 patients were included, and the population PK model was developed based on 295 plasma concentrations. AUCss,24h/MIC (AOR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99, p = 0.009), daily dose (AOR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99, p = 0.028), and combination of inhaled polymyxin B were independent risk factors for polymyxin B efficacy. ROC curve showed that AUCss,24h/MIC is the most predictive PK/PD index and the optimal cut-off point value was 66.9. Model-based simulation suggests that the maintaining daily dose of 75 and 100mg Q12 h could achieve ≥ 90% PTA of this clinical target at MIC values ≤ 0.5 and 1 mg/L, respectively. For patients unable to achieve the target concentration by intravenous administration, adjunctive inhalation of polymyxin B would be beneficial.
Conclusions
For CRO pneumonia, daily dose of 75 and 100 mg Q12h was recommended for clinical efficacy. Inhalation of polymyxin B is beneficial for patients who cannot achieve the target concentration by intravenous administration.
Source apportionment of heavy metal(loid)s in sediments of a typical karst mountain drinking water reservoir and the associated risk assessment based on chemical speciation
Authors: Chen Xue , Wu Pan , Chen Xue , Liu Hongyan , Li Xuexian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As important place for water storage and supply, karst reservoirs play a key role in ensuring human well-being, and its water quality safety has attracted much attention. Source apportionment and ecological risks of heavy metal(loid)s in sediments of drinking-water reservoir are of great significance to ensure the safety of water quality and public health, especially in karst mountain areas where water resources are scarce. To expound the accumulation, potential ecological risks and sources of heavy metal(loid)s in a drinking-water reservoir from Northwest Guizhou, China, the surface sediments were collected and analyzed based on the combined use of the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), sequential extraction (BCR), ratios of secondary phase and primary phase (RSP), risk assessment code (RAC), modified potential ecological risk index (MRI), as well as the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) methods. Results showed that the concentrations of Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in sediments exceeded the corresponding background values of soils in Guizhou Province. The Igeo indicated that the accumulation of Cd was high, approximately 61.9% of the samples were at moderate and above accumulation levels, followed by Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn, whereas the As and Cr were at low level. Based on the sum of toxic units (STU), the surface sediments in the reservoir showed a moderate level of toxicity. A large proportion of BCR-extracted acid extractable and reducible fraction was found in Cd (72.5%) and Pb (40.3%), suggesting high bioavailability. Combined RSP, RAC and MRI results showed that Cd was the major pollutants, which had a higher potential risk, while the other elements were at a lower risk level. Source apportionment of heavy metal(loid)s in the drinking-water reservoir indicated that Cd (75.76%) and Zn (23.1%) mainly originated from agricultural activities; As(69.82%), Cr(50.05%), Cu(33.47%), and Ni(31.87%) were associated with domestic sources related to residents' lives; Cu (52.36%), Ni (44.57%), Cr (34.33%), As (26.51%), Pb (24.77%), and Zn (23.80%) were primarily from natural geological sources; and Pb (47.56%), Zn (22.46%) and Cr (13.92%) might be introduced by mixed sources of traffic and domestic. The contribution ratios of the four sources were 18.41%, 36.67%, 29.48% and 15.44%, respectively.
Defining of the Supportive Care Needs of Using Hormone Therapy Patients Have Prostate Cancer and Caregivers
Authors: Tanış Esra Uslu , Uğur Özlem 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction This study is important in producing effective results in the symptoms of problems faced by prostate cancer patients using hormone therapy and their caregivers. This study defines the support care service needs of those undergoing hormone therapy for prostate cancer and their caregivers.
Methods This is a cross-sectional definitive study. The results of the study were compiled during face-to-face interviews between the dates of February and June 2022. The study involved the participation of 66 prostate cancer patients and 66 caregivers. Later, two of the caregivers declined participation and the study continued with 64 caregivers.
Results The participating patients were defined as 50% over the age of 60. The caregivers were defined as 79.9% being female and 43.8 % being patients’ wives. 36% of the patients had 80-90% performance rates on the Kamofsky scale. The patients had a 9.32% need for sexual support before and after the diagnosis and for those with water retention 46.27% needed supportive care. Of the caregivers, 40.88% needed family support, and 21.25% needed social services support.
Conclusions It has been determined that the difficulties experienced by prostate cancer patients receiving hormone therapy and their caregivers have increased their supportive care needs.
Acute isolation increases reward responsiveness in human adolescents
Authors: Tomova Livia , Towner Emily , Thomas Kirsten , Blakemore Sarah-Jayne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Social connection is a basic human need and particularly important during adolescence. How a lack of connection impacts adolescent behaviour is unclear. To address this question, we employed experimental short-term isolation, first, to assess how isolation affects reward seeking and learning in adolescents aged 16-19 years and, second, to investigate whether neural reward sensitivity predicts vulnerability to isolation. Additionally, we assessed whether virtual interactions remediate isolation effects. Isolation caused faster decisions to exert effort for rewards and faster learned reward contingencies, especially from social feedback. These effects were stronger in participants who experienced higher loneliness following isolation. Participants with lower neural reward sensitivity showed stronger effects of isolation. Virtual interactions remediated effects only partially and decreased learning from social feedback. These results demonstrate that in adolescence isolation increases reward responsiveness, a key driver of motivation and decision-making.
Average and extreme heatwaves in Europe at 0.5–2.0°C global warming levels in CMIP6 model simulations
Authors: Ruosteenoja Kimmo , Jylhä Kirsti 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
European heatwaves at the 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0°C global warming levels are examined using bias-corrected daily-mean temperature data from 60 simulations performed with 25 global climate models (GCMs). A heatwave event is defined to consist of at least three consecutive days above the 90th percentile of summer daily-mean temperatures and the event is terminated by two days below the threshold temperature.At the 2.0°C global warming level compared with 0.5°C,the multi-GCM mean annual count of heatwave days is projected to be 3--4-fold in northern and more than six-fold in southern Europe. The total annual heatwave extremity index, or the sum of exceedings above the threshold temperature over all the heatwave days, becomes approximatively four-fold in the north and ten-fold in the south. In central Europe, the date of the strongest heatwave of year is delayed by about one week.By concatenating the bias-corrected output data of all the GCM runs, 1200-year samples can be created for all four warming levels, from which the return levels of the strongest heatwaves can be determined very robustly. An intense heatwave occurring once in 10 years at the 0.5°C warming level has an annual probability of about 50% in northern and 80-90% in southern Europe under 2.0°C. Corresponding probabilities for 100-year heatwaves would be nearly 20% in the north and about 60% in the south.Finally, we discuss factors that explain the stronger increase in heatwave duration and extremity in the south than north.
Antibiotic Resistance Clinical Research in Iran: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bonyani Atousa , Mesgarpour Bita , Taheri Forouzan , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Soleymani Fatemeh , Khorasani Elahe , Kabiri Payam , Hosseinzadeh Maryam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: In recent years, Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) has become a global public health threat. Health system decision-makers need valid and reliable situation analysis to better plan for mitigating this threat. This scoping review investigates the research gaps on AMR publications in Iran and provides an evidential base to support the identification of priority research to better address antibiotic resistance needs in Iran.
Method: A search of four academic databases, including Scopus, ISI web of Science, MEDLINE/ PubMed, EMBASE and IDML was performed in February 2018. The identified studies evaluated the resistance or susceptibility of antibiotics against any bacteria in an Iranian population. Title, abstract, and full-text screening were conducted, and the included studies were accordingly analyzed with respect to the study protocol.
Result: From the 37,769 identified studies, 1,718 studies met all the inclusion criteria. These studies have been evaluated the susceptibility of 131 antibiotics to 82 types of bacteria by conducting 3,509 antibiotic resistances tests. Ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin had the highest number of studies, samples, and tested bacteria. Regarding the characteristics of the studies, 306 studies had an insufficient explicit definition of study characteristics, 231 studies published their result more than three years after conducting them, and 803 studies (46.7% ) were published in the local journals.
Conclusion: Considering the AMR crisis importance, this scoping review debates the low quality of reporting in AMR-related publications in Iran despite the extensive research.