bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical adult education and community organizing: The case of diverse communities in Israel
Authors: Postan‐Aizik Dassi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCommunity organizing is an effective approach to face social, economic, and racial injustice at the local level. However, since the 1970s, neoliberal policies, growing social divisions, and political disengagement have challenged community organizing. This study explores the use of critical adult education to address local organizing challenges with diverse and socially excluded communities in Israel. Building on a case of a local partnership to promote inclusive urban development, we analyzed data from interviews, focus groups, and participant observations conducted with activists and paid professionals. The findings suggest that critical education was instrumental in organizing across diversities through three processes: transposing knowledge, disrupting power hierarchies, and negotiating diversity. Critical education was perceived as empowering for activists at the individual‐family level and promote change at the local level. However, at the national policy level, limited changes were achieved. The advantages and limitations of critical education for local organizing are discussed.
Haematological malignancies in relatives of patients affected with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Vanni Daniele , Borsani Oscar , Nannya Yasuhito , Sant'Antonio Emanuela , Trotti Chiara , Casetti Ilaria Carola , Pietra Daniela , Gallì Anna , Zibellini Silvia , Ferretti Virginia Valeria , Malcovati Luca , Ogawa Seishi , Arcaini Luca , Rumi Elisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn a cohort of 3131 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), we identified 200 patients (6.4%) who reported a second case of haematological malignancies (HM) in first‐ or second‐degree relatives. The occurrence of a second HM in the family was not influenced by MPN subtype, sex or driver mutation, while it was associated with age at MPN diagnosis: 8.5% of patients diagnosed with MPN younger than 45 years had a second relative affected with HM compared to 5.5% of those diagnosed at the age of 45 years or older (p = 0.003), thus suggesting a genetic predisposition to HM with early onset.
Potential for supraphysiologic fluid shear stresses in a rat cemented knee replacement model
Authors: Miller Mark A. , Hardy William R. , Oest Megan E. , Mann Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mechano‐biologic environment associated with aseptic loosening of cemented joint replacements is not fully understood. The goal of this study was to use a preclinical rat knee arthroplasty model to explore the changes in cement−bone morphology and micromotion that occur with in vivo service. Narrow gaps between cement and bone under the tibial tray were present at early time points, and with even small magnitude micromotion, resulted in large micromotion‐to‐gap width ratios. These data were then used to develop models of fluid flow in the cement−bone gaps to estimate potential for high fluid shear stress (FSS). Modeling results revealed supraphysiologic (>4 Pa) FSS were possible, particularly for cases in which eccentric loading applied to the implant and if the fluid in the gap consisted of marrow or synovial fluid. The early, high FSS environment, could cause fluid‐induced periprosthetic osteolysis locally, resulting in progressive loss of cement−bone fixation.
Variation in pH gradients and FLO11 expression in mat biofilms from environmental isolates of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Forehand Amy L. , Myagmarsuren Dulguun , Chen Ziyan , Murphy Helen A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae produces a multicellular phenotype, known as a mat, on a semi‐solid medium. This biofilm phenotype was first described in the lab strain Σ1278b and has been analyzed mostly in this same background. Yeast cells form a mat by spreading across the medium and adhering to each other and the surface, in part through the variegated expression of the cell adhesion, FLO11. This process creates a characteristic floral pattern and generates pH and glucose gradients outward from the center of the mat. Mats are encapsulated in a liquid which may aid in surface spreading and diffusion. Here, we examine thirteen environmental isolates that vary visually in the phenotype. We predicted that mat properties were universal and increased morphological complexity would be associated with more extreme trait values. Our results showed that pH varied significantly among strains, but was not correlated to mat complexity. Only two isolates generated significant liquid boundaries and neither produced visually complex mats. In five isolates, we tracked the initiation of FLO11 using green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the endogenous promoter. Strains varied in when and how much GFP was detected, with increased signal associated with increased morphological complexity. Generally, the signal was strongest in the center of the mat and absent at the expanding edge. Our results show that traits discovered in one background vary and exist independently of mat complexity in natural isolates. The environment may favor different sets of traits, which could have implications for how this yeast adapts to its many ecological niches.
Desulfovibrio vulgaris as a model microbe for the study of corrosion under sulfate‐reducing conditions
Authors: Ueki Toshiyuki , Lovley Derek R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCorrosion of iron‐containing metals under sulfate‐reducing conditions is an economically important problem. Microbial strains now known as Desulfovibrio vulgaris served as the model microbes in many of the foundational studies that developed existing models for the corrosion of iron‐containing metals under sulfate‐reducing conditions. Proposed mechanisms for corrosion by D. vulgaris include: (1) H2 consumption to accelerate the oxidation of Fe0 coupled to the reduction of protons to H2; (2) production of sulfide that combines with ferrous iron to form iron sulfide coatings that promote H2 production; (3) moribund cells release hydrogenases that catalyze Fe0 oxidation with the production of H2; (4) direct electron transfer from Fe0 to cells; and (5) flavins serving as an electron shuttle for electron transfer between Fe0 and cells. The demonstrated possibility of conducting transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of cells growing on metal surfaces suggests that similar studies on D. vulgaris corrosion biofilms can aid in identifying proteins that play an important role in corrosion. Tools for making targeted gene deletions in D. vulgaris are available for functional genetic studies. These approaches, coupled with instrumentation for the detection of low concentrations of H2, and proven techniques for evaluating putative electron shuttle function, are expected to make it possible to determine which of the proposed mechanisms for D. vulgaris corrosion are most important.
Dietary Flavonoids and Human Cognition: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Cheng Nancy , Bell Lynne , Lamport Daniel J. , Williams Claire M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImproving cognition is important in all age groups, from performance in school examinations to prevention of cognitive decline in later life. Dietary polyphenols, in particular flavonoids, have been examined for their benefits to cognitive outcomes. This meta‐analysis evaluates the effects of dietary flavonoids on cognition across the lifespan. In January 2020 databases were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating flavonoid effects on human cognition. Eighty studies, comprising 5519 participants, were included in the final meta‐analysis. The global analysis indicates dietary flavonoids induced significant benefit to cognitive performance (g = 0.148, p < 0.001), with subgroup analyses revealing that cocoa (g = 0.224, p = 0.036), ginkgo (g = 0.187, p ≤ 0.001), and berries (g = 0.149, p = 0.009) yielded the most notable improvements. Significant benefits were observed from chronic studies, in middle‐aged and older adults, and with low and medium doses. The domains of long‐term memory, processing speed, and mood showed sensitivity to flavonoid intervention. This meta‐analysis provides evidence for the positive effects of flavonoids on cognition and highlights several moderating factors. Flavonoid‐based dietary interventions therefore potentially offer a highly accessible, safe, and cost‐effective treatment to help tackle the burden of cognitive decline.
Incidence of genitourinary injuries in pelvic fractures: A 12‐year single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Kaneko Tomoyuki , Yanagida Kazuki , Matsui Kentaro , Kimura Masaki , Kawai Taketo , Yamada Yukio , Ishii Keisuke , Kurozumi Taketo , Suzuki Takashi , Watanabe Yoshinobu , Kawano Hirotaka , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Nakagawa Tohru 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the epidemiology of genitourinary injuries in pelvic fractures and elucidate the clinical outcomes of patients with pelvic fractures with and without genitourinary injuries at a tertiary trauma center in Japan.MethodsPatients with pelvic fractures in our tertiary trauma center between May 2009 and April 2021 were retrospectively assessed. The patients' demographics, mechanism of injury, and hospital course details were collected. The outcomes of patients with pelvic fractures with and without genitourinary injuries were compared.ResultsOf 402 patients with pelvic fractures, 18 (4.5%) had genitourinary injuries. Falls were the most common mechanisms of injury for all pelvic fractures The incidence of bladder, kidney, urethral, and testis injuries were 2.0%, 1.2%, 1.2%, and 0.5%, respectively. Patients with genitourinary injuries were significantly younger (median age, 26 vs. 51 years; p < 0.001), had a higher rate of intensive care unit admission (94% vs. 58%; p = 0.002), remained hospitalized longer (median duration, 82 vs. 45 days; p < 0.001), and had a longer intensive care unit stay (median duration, 6 vs. 2 days; p < 0.001) when compared to patients without genitourinary injuries. Genitourinary injuries were not associated with in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsThe incidence of genitourinary injuries with pelvic fractures was 4.5%. The presence of genitourinary injuries was associated with a higher rate of intensive care unit admission, longer hospital stay, and longer intensive care unit stay, but it was not associated with in‐hospital mortality.
A parallel scalable domain decomposition preconditioner for elastic crack simulation using XFEM
Authors: Tian Wei , Huang Jingjing , Jiang Yi , Chen Rongliang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, a parallel overlapping domain decomposition preconditioner is proposed to solve the linear system of equations arising from the extended finite element discretization of elastic crack problems. The algorithm partitions the computational mesh into two types of subdomains: the regular subdomains and the crack tip subdomains based on the observation that the crack tips have a significant impact on the convergence of the iterative method while the impact of the crack lines is not that different from those of regular mesh points. The tip subdomains consist of mesh points at crack tips and all neighboring points where the branch enrichment functions are applied. The regular subdomains consist of all other mesh points, including those on the crack lines. To overcome the mismatch between the number of subdomains and the number of processor cores, the proposed method is divided into two steps: solve the crack tip problem and then the regular subdomain problem during each iteration. The proposed method was used to develop a parallel XFEM package which is able to test different types of iterative methods. To achieve good parallel efficiency, additional methods were introduced to reduce communication and to maintain the load balance between processors. Numerical experiments indicate that the proposed method significantly reduces the number of iterations and the total computation time compared to the classical methods. In addition, the method scales up to 8192 processor cores with over 70% parallel efficiency to solve problems with more than degrees of freedom.
The effect of near‐surface azimuthal anisotropy on a joint interpretation of seismic and electrical resistivity data
Authors: Yaskevich Sergey V. , Dergach Petr A. , Chernyshov Gleb S. , Nevedrova Nina N. , Sanchaa Aidisa , Shalaginov Alexander E. , Duchkov Anton A. , Gorshkalev Sergey B. , Karsten Wladimir 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we study the anisotropic near surface with seismic refraction surveying and electrical resistivity tomography. We present a field data processing case study and show a significant dependence of the determined P‐ wave velocity and electrical resistivity on the acquisition line direction. We show that the anisotropy influences not only the determined velocities themselves, but also the estimated depths of the determined boundaries and can cause misinterpretation of the arrival time curves and lead to hidden layer issues. We justify our field data‐processing results with ray modelling and synthetic data processing. As a result of our case study, we suggest a consistent direction of anisotropy for electrical resistivity and seismic surveying for the particular site in the Novosibirsk region.
A DNA Biosensor Based on a Raspberry‐like Hierarchical Nano‐structure for the Determination of the Anticancer Drug Nilotinib
Authors: Moarefdoust Mohammad Mehdi , Jahani Shohreh , Moradalizadeh Mehran , Motaghi Mohammad Mehdi , Foroughi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is crucial to design fast, sensitive and affordable deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) recognition instruments, and elucidate changes in DNA structure, for studying the interaction between DNA and chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, a DNA biosensor, based on a carbon paste electrode (CPE), modified with raspberry‐like indium(III)/nickel oxide hierarchical nano‐structures (In3+/NiO RLHNSs) was constructed. An electrochemical readout should then give information on the interactions between anticancer drugs and double‐stranded (ds)‐DNA. The morphology as well as the electrochemical description of this new biosensor is described. Based on experimentally determined optimal conditions, ds‐DNA modified with In3+/NiO RLHNSs/CPE was used to evaluate the binding interaction of nilotinib, as an anti‐cancer drug, with DNA through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, viscosity measurements and a computational docking process. The analyses indicated the linearity of the guanine oxidation signal at nilotinib concentration is given between 0.01 and 50.0 μm, with the limit of detection (LOD) equal to 0.62 nm. Additionally, the equilibrium constant (K) for the binding was determined to 1.5×104 m−1. Through the quantitative measurement of nilotinib in serum samples with a high recovery rate of 101.3–98.0 %, the applicability of this approach was demonstrated. As a whole, this DNA biosensor may be promising for various bio‐interactions.
Governing with health code: Standardising China's data network systems during COVID‐19
Authors: Sun Yu , Wang Wilfred Yang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNoting the infrastructural turn in platform studies, the article conceives China's health code system, Jian Kang Ma (JKM), deployed to manage the COVID‐19 crisis as a new social infrastructure that manifests the symbolic and material power of the Party State. Using the platform walkthrough method and documentary inquiry, we unpack the structures of platform governance and identify actors of the power to appreciate the socio‐political dynamics of platform algorithms. JKM's structural power is not monolithic in the name of the Party State but supports a process of structuration that operates across multiple actors, administrative bodies and, governing layers. JKM has centralised data systems through the building of a nationwide algorithmic standard of COVID‐19 governance. JKM typified the political dynamics of deterritorialisation, a reference to the state's governing mindset of eradicating local variants of policy implementation and governing autonomy in China. The removal of local power in pandemic administration has led to the production of a unified national subject. Such a comprehensive approach begs for greater nuance and sophisticated knowledge about those indigenous logics that platforms and algorithms operate and are embedded in, thus contributing to de‐westernising platform studies.
Spectroscopic, Structural and Energetic Properties of Pentanitroaniline
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Riedelsheimer Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough pentanitroaniline (PNA) has been known for almost 100 years, as well as with an optimized synthesis, it is still not fully characterized. In this contribution, the crystal structure of PNA is reported for the first time without any adducts or solvents, allowing a view of the crystal packing, as well as the exact positioning of the nitro groups relative to each other. In addition, based on the crystal structure, a Hirshfeld analysis was performed, which determines the distances and types of interactions of the outer atoms. The compound was also studied in detail by NMR, especially with respect to 13C and 14N, making this a challenge due to sensitivity in solution. Furthermore, the compound was fully characterized by IR spectroscopy and TGA, as well as the sensitivities, were measured. Using the density obtained from X‐ray crystallography, as well as the heat of formation calculated with the gaussian program package, the energetic parameters were calculated using explo5 computer code. The performance data were compared to the commonly used RDX and oxidizer ammonium perchlorate, as well as the structurally similar triaminotrinitro (TATB) and pentanitro (PNB) benzene.
A novel Phe‐206‐Leu mutation in acetolactate synthase confers resistance to penoxsulam in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) P. Beauv)
Authors: Fang Jiapeng , Yang Dongchen , Zhao Zerui , Chen Jinyi , Dong Liyao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBarnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) P. Beauv) has evolved resistance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor penoxsulam which is used to control weeds in rice fields in China. The present study is conducted to identify the target‐site resistance (TSR) mechanisms conferring resistance in a penoxsulam‐resistant population.RESULTSThe ALS sensitivity in vitro of the resistant population was sixfold lower to penoxsulam than that of the sensitive population. ALS sequencing revealed that no known mutation conferring ALS herbicide resistance was detected. However, a novel mutation Phe‐206‐Leu was identified in the ALS gene. Additionally, ALS gene expression level of the resistant population was lower than that of the sensitive population. Therefore, the penoxsulam resistance was not due to the overexpression of ALS gene. Molecular docking revealed that this mutation may change the interaction of the penoxsulam‐ALS binding and weaken its mutual affinity by approximately 10%. Arabidopsis thaliana transformed with mutant ALS had fourfold greater resistance to penoxsulam and varied cross‐resistance to other ALS herbicides than those transformed with sensitive ALS. Mutant and sensitive ALS proteins expressed by the baculovirus system exhibited different in vitro penoxsulam sensitivity levels. Mutant ALS had eightfold lower sensitivity to penoxsulam than sensitive ALS.CONCLUSIONThis report provides clear evidence that the ALS mutation at position 206 (Phe‐206‐Leu) confers penoxsulam resistance in barnyardgrass. Phe‐206 was confirmed to be the ninth amino acid residue related to ALS herbicide resistance in weeds. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
SCI: A Bayesian adaptive phase I/II dose‐finding design accounting for semi‐competing risks outcomes for immunotherapy trials
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Guo Beibei , Cao Sha , Zhang Chi , Zang Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn immunotherapy trial often uses the phase I/II design to identify the optimal biological dose, which monitors the efficacy and toxicity outcomes simultaneously in a single trial. The progression‐free survival rate is often used as the efficacy outcome in phase I/II immunotherapy trials. As a result, patients developing disease progression in phase I/II immunotherapy trials are generally seriously ill and are often treated off the trial for ethical consideration. Consequently, the happening of disease progression will terminate the toxicity event but not vice versa, so the issue of the semi‐competing risks arises. Moreover, this issue can become more intractable with the late‐onset outcomes, which happens when a relatively long follow‐up time is required to ascertain progression‐free survival. This paper proposes a novel Bayesian adaptive phase I/II design accounting for semi‐competing risks outcomes for immunotherapy trials, referred to as the dose‐finding design accounting for semi‐competing risks outcomes for immunotherapy trials (SCI) design. To tackle the issue of the semi‐competing risks in the presence of late‐onset outcomes, we re‐construct the likelihood function based on each patient's actual follow‐up time and develop a data augmentation method to efficiently draw posterior samples from a series of Beta‐binomial distributions. We propose a concise curve‐free dose‐finding algorithm to adaptively identify the optimal biological dose using accumulated data without making any parametric dose–response assumptions. Numerical studies show that the proposed SCI design yields good operating characteristics in dose selection, patient allocation, and trial duration.
Multi‐Center Magnon Excitations Open the Entire Brillouin Zone to Terahertz Magnetometry of Quantum Magnets
Authors: Biesner Tobias , Roh Seulki , Razpopov Aleksandar , Willwater Jannis , Süllow Stefan , Li Ying , Zoch Katharina M. , Medarde Marisa , Nuss Jürgen , Gorbunov Denis , Skourski Yurii , Pustogow Andrej , Brown Stuart E. , Krellner Cornelius , Valentí Roser , Puphal Pascal , Dressel Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to the small photon momentum, optical spectroscopy commonly probes magnetic excitations only at the center of the Brillouin zone; however, there are ways to override this restriction. In case of the distorted kagome quantum magnet Y‐kapellasite, Y3Cu9(OH)19Cl8, under scrutiny here, the spin (magnon) density of states (SDOS) can be accessed over the entire Brillouin zone through three‐center magnon excitations. This mechanism is aided by the three different magnetic sublattices and strong short‐range correlations in the distorted kagome lattice. The results of THz time‐domain experiments agree remarkably well with linear spin‐wave theory (LSWT). Relaxing the conventional zone‐center constraint of photons gives a new aspect to probe magnetism in matter.