bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitive and Stable Molecular Detection of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika Viruses from Dried Blood Spots
Authors: Cardona-Ospina Jaime A. , Stittleburg Victoria , Millan-Benavidez Natalia , Restrepo-Chica Juliana , Key Autum , Rojas-Gallardo Diana Marcela , Piantadosi Anne , Collins Matthew H. , Waggoner Jesse J. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Standard molecular detection of many pathogens, in particular RNA viruses, requires appropriate handling in the field for preserving the quality of the sample until processing. This could be challenging in remote tropical areas. Dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) are RNA viruses, prominent among the causes of fever in the tropics. We aimed to test the stability of arboviral RNA in contrived dried blood spots prepared on Whatman 903 Protein saver cards as a means of sample collection and storage. We were able to detect DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV by real-time RT-PCR up to 180 days after card inoculation with stable Ct values across the study period. Our study supports dried blood spots (DBS) on protein saver cards as a platform for stable detection of arboviral RNA of sufficient quality to be used in diagnostic RT-PCR assays and next generation sequencing.
High Prevalence of Intestinal Capillariasis in Chronic Diarrhea Patients in Thailand: Serological Screening Using a Rapid Lateral-Flow Immunochromatographic Assay
Authors: Prasongdee Thidarat K. , Seesui Krongkaew , Sadee Phuangphaka , Sadaow Lakkhana , Sukeepaisarnjaroen Wattana , Kraiklang Ratthaphol , Sanpool Oranuch , Maleewong Wanchai , Intapan Pewpan M. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Intestinal capillariasis is an emerging fish-borne helminthic disease caused by the round worm Capillaria philippinensis. Chronic infection may lead to death if the disease is misdiagnosed and inappropriate treatment is given. We used a rapid lateral-flow immunochromatographic test for screening of intestinal capillariasis in patients with chronic diarrhea. We screened 292 chronic diarrhea patients who had visited hospitals in Thailand. Sixty-six (22.6%) cases were positive according to the kit. All positive patients received mebendazole at 200 mg twice per day for 30 consecutive days or albendazole at 200 mg twice per day for 10 consecutive days. Later, stool concentration techniques, used to examine stool samples from all serologically positive individuals on three consecutive days, revealed C. philippinensis eggs, larvae, and/or adults. The kit is useful for screening and rapid diagnosis of intestinal capillariasis in chronic diarrhea patients in an endemic area for prevention of serious disease and facilitates treatment.
Performance of Field’s Stain Compared with Conventional Giemsa Stain for the Rapid Detection of Blood Microfilariae in Gabon
Authors: Ekoka Mbassi Franck-A. , Mombo-Ngoma Ghyslain , Ndoumba Wilfrid Ndzebe , Yovo Emmanuel K. , Eberhardt Kirsten A. , Ekoka Mbassi Dorothea , Adegnika Ayôla A. , Agnandji Selidji T. , Bouyou-Akotet Marielle K. , Ramharter Michael , Zoleko-Manego Rella 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Filarial infections caused by Loa loa and Mansonella perstans are a considerable public health burden in rural regions of Central Africa. Rapid diagnostic tools for the detection of microfilariae in the blood are needed. Field’s stain is a rapid staining technique for microscopic slides originally established for malaria diagnostics. It requires less than 1 minute of staining compared with conventional staining protocols requiring at least 15 to 20 minutes for staining and could thus significantly accelerate diagnostics for human filariasis. Here we evaluated Field’s stain as a rapid staining technique in comparison to Giemsa stain for the detection of microfilariae in peripheral blood. Blood smears were collected from 175 participants residing in the region of Lambaréné and Fougamou, Gabon. Each participant’s samples were stained in parallel with Field’s stain and conventional Giemsa stain. Slides were then microscopically assessed and compared for qualitative and quantitative results by a blinded assessor for the two endemic filarial blood pathogens M. perstans and L. loa. Field’s stain shows excellent diagnostic performance characteristics for L. loa microfilariae compared with Giemsa staining. Concordance was favorable for M. perstans although lower than for L. loa. Field’s stain offers a rapid alternative to Giemsa stain for detection of L. loa microfilariae in thick blood smears. This could help accelerate diagnostics of blood filarial pathogens in mass screening programs or resource constrained health care institutions with high patient load.
Web application security
Authors: Erşahin Buket , Erşahin Mustafa 
Published: July 2022

This study aims to show how security flaws of web applications can threat information security. Web Application Security is a branch of Information Security which focuses on web application level security flaws and their solutions. Evolution of Web continues with a big momentum. Amount of information shared over Web increases every day, various business domains continue to integrate their operations to digital world. This brings its own risks and makes Information Security of Web Applications more important than ever. Most common and serious Web vulnerabilities have been analyzed along with their solutions. This study focuses on how web developers can already prevent security problems during the development life cycle. What are the best practices to follow before/during the development and post-development phases? Which security tools can be used to support developers? Building totally secure web applications is not an easy job. Following security standards and development cycles with security concerns can already prevent most of the potential problems. A security checklist for web developers came out at the end of the study. Evolving web technologies and new security threats force us to keep this checklist up to date. We are working on a mechanism which will keep this checklist up to date.
An Introduction to A Framework for Sustainability Thinking
Authors: Van Antwerp Jeremy , Heun Matthew 
Published: July 2022

Van Antwerp, Jeremy and Matthew Kuperus Heun. 2022. A Framework for Sustainability Thinking: A Student’s Introduction to Global Sustainability Challenges; (Springer, Cham) 275 pp. ISBN 978-3-0317-9184-0.
A Framework for Sustainability Thinking: A Student’s Introduction to Global Sustainability Challenges presents basic information related to sustainability challenges in the context of a cognitive framework that allows students to evaluate problems and potential solutions from a quantitative perspective. Moreover, numerous end-of-chapter discussion questions and project ideas examine moral, ethical, and worldview aspects of sustainability choices and tradeoffs between different approaches to sustainability.
Impatiens smetsiana, another example of convergent evolution of flower morphology in Impatiens
Authors: Janssens Steven B. , Taedoumg Hermann , Dessein Steven 
Published: July 2022

Background and aims – The genus Impatiens is known for its enormous convergent phenotypic adaptation, with similar floral traits having independently evolved in distantly related lineages. The large functional convergence of Impatiens flowers causes a high degree of homoplasy for several phenotypic characters resulting in increased difficulties to distinguish between species with a similar morphology that are only distantly related, however. As a result, some species remain under the radar, as they are confused with other well-known species. This was the case for a new Impatiens species from the Tchabal Mbabo Mountains in Cameroon – Impatiens smetsiana – that was initially mistaken for the morphologically similar species I. erecticornis, an endemic from Central East Africa.
Material and methods – A combined molecular-morphological approach was applied in which phylogenetics (ITS, ImpDEF1, and ImpDEF2), biogeography, and age estimation analyses were combined with morphological data on floral and vegetative structures.
Key results – In this study, we demonstrate the close affinity of the newly collected material with a group of Equatorial West African species, including I. filicornu, I. nzabiana, I. oumina, and I. kamerunensis. The present finding represents a clear case of convergent evolution in which two distantly related taxa independently converged on practically the same flower morphology.
Conclusion – Within Impatiens, several examples of floral homoplasy have been observed yet not in such a clear way. The convergent evolution of the flowers of I. smetsiana and I. erecticornis is undoubtedly closely correlated with an adaptation to a similar pollination syndrome.
Efektivitas Komunikasi Interpersonal Antara Guru dan Siswa dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar di SMK Negeri 7 Ambon
Authors: Muskita Marleen 
Published: July 2022

Effectiveness of interpersonal communication (interpersonal) in the teaching and learning process to realize the ideals of national education, which in the end the quality of implementation lies in the hands of the teacher. As for the teaching and learning process, the source message can be delivered from students, teachers, and so on. With interpersonal communication persuasively and effectively, communication between teachers and students in the teaching and learning process can help motivate and encourage students to move in a positive direction. The purpose of this study was to determine how the effectiveness of teacher and student interpersonal communication in the teaching and learning process at SMK Negeri 7 Ambon and to find out what factors could be a constraint on the effectiveness of teacher and student interpersonal communication in the teaching and learning process at SMK Negeri 7 Ambon. This study uses qualitative research with data collection techniques are observation and interview techniques. From the results of this study, it was seen that students sometimes did not understand the material provided by the teacher and had difficulty in making assignments because the way the material was delivered by the teacher was considered unclear by students. And the personal closeness between students and teachers, so that it also affects the teaching and learning process in the classroom.

Efektivitas Komunikasi interpersona (antar pribadi) dalam proses belajar mengajar untuk mewujudkan cita-cita pendidikan nasional, yang pada akhirnya mutu pelaksanaan terletak ditangan guru. Adapun dalam belajar mengajar proses penyampaian pesan sumbernya bisa dari murid, guru, dan lain sebagainya. Dengan komunikasi interpersonal secara persuasif dan efektif, komunikasi antara guru kepada siswanya dalam proses belajar mengajar dapat membantu motivasi serta mendorong siswa untuk bergerak kearah yang positif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas komunikasi interpersona guru dan siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar di SMK Negeri 7 Ambon dan mengetahui faktor apa saja yang dapat menjadi kendala efektivitas komunikasi interpersonal guru dan siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar di SMK Negeri 7 Ambon. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik-teknik pengumpulan data adalah Teknik Observasi dan wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian ini dilihat bahwa siswa kadang tidak mengerti materi yang diberikan oleh guru dan kesulitan dalam membuat tugas karena cara penyampaian materi oleh guru dianggap kurang jelas oleh siswa. Dan kedekatan secara pribadi antara siswa dan guru, sehingga juga mempengaruhi proses belajar mengajar di kelas.
Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa: Studi Kasus pada Desa Maitara Tengah Kota Tidore Kepulauan
Authors: Ruray Titiek Arafiani , M. Nur Saina 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
This study aims to explore whether the management of village funds in Desa Maitara Tengah, Tidore Islands City has been carried out in transparent and accountable manner or not. This was motivated by a decrease in the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (Indonesian: Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa / APBDesa) in 2020, which may have been due to non-transparent and accountable management. For this reason, a total of 70 questionnaires were distributed to villagers, who were at least 17 years old. By using the descriptive analysis method, the results show that the management of village funds has been carried out transparently and accountability, both in the planning, implementation, administration, reporting, and accountability processes. Thus, the decline in village budget and expenditure in 2020 was not caused by non-transparent and accountable managers, but by other factors that were not discussed in this study.
Keywords: Transparency, Accountability, Village Fund
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ABSTRAK
Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi apakah pengelolaan dana desa di Desa Maitara Tengah Kota Tidore Kepulauan sudah dilakukan dengan dengan transparan dan akuntabel atau tidak. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya penurunan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa (APBDesa) tahun 2020, yang diduga akibat adanya pengelolaan yang tidak atau kurang transparan dan akuntabel. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, sebanyak 70 angket disebarkan kepada masyarakat, yang minimal telah berusia 17 tahun. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif, hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan dana desa telah dilakukan secara transparan dan akuntabel, baik pada proses perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penatausahaan, pelaporan maupun pertanggungjawaban. Dengan demikian, penurunan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa (APBDesa) tahun 2020 ini bukan disebabkan oleh pengelolaan yang tidak transparan dan akuntabel, melainkan oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak dibahas dalam studi ini.
Kata Kunci: Transparansi, Akuntabilitas, Dana Desa
Thermo-gravimetric study of the crankcase gases composition
Authors: Zlenko M. A. , Terenchenko A. S. , Timofeev D. S. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The paper presents the experimental results of crankcase gas (CG) condensate. The condensate was obtained during engine testing due to a special driving cycle. After holding at rest for 24 hours, the condensate separated into three parts: lower “A”, approximately 12%vol - water; medium “B”, about 6%vol - water-oil emulsion; upper “C”, about 82%vol - the mixture of condensed hydrocarbon vapors and solid particles.The purpose of the research was to determine the weight ratio of fuel and oil components in the CG.Methodology and research methods. In this work, the thermo-gravimetric research method (TGA -Thermo-gravimetric analysis) was used, the purpose of which was to determine the change in the test sample mass depending on temperature and time. The condensate was evaporated at T = 200°C. At this temperature all fuel fractions, including the tail fractions, evaporated completely, but the oil, if it was present in the condensate, evaporated in an extremely small amount.Scientific novelty and results. The results of the “C” upper part dispersal (evaporation) showed that with a well-designed and properly functioning crankcase ventilation system (CVS), the composition of the CG contained mainly heavy fuel fractions. In the studied part “C”, fuel fractions accounted for 96.3%wt, while the rest composed 3.7%wt, being a thick, pasty black precipitate with a specific smell of aromatic hydrocarbons. It was the first time when TGA was used to study the composition of CG, and highly accurate data was presented as a result.Practical significance. On the basis of TGA, a methodology for validation tests of ICS has been developed. The absence or low content of oil in the composition of the remnants is a criterion for a positive functional assessment of the CVS. The TGA also allows to evaluate the CVS quantity effect on oil consumption. The residue isolated during the research is a building material for the formation of the so-called “soot coat” on the plate and the intake valve stem from the intake channel.
Modern methods of testing vehicles for environmental safety
Authors: Zagarin D. A. , Laguzin A. B. , Kondrat'ev D. V. , Agapov V. V. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The problem of reducing emissions of harmful substances (HS) by road transport plays a paramount role in solving the environmental problem in the advanced countries of the world.The purpose of the work was to develop a route according to the RDE test methodology (tests for emissions in real operating conditions) to determine the fuel consumption and emissions values of worked out harmful substances in exhaust gases of vehicles, close to real operating modes.Methodology and research methods. The analytical method of research was applied.Results. Information was provided on current regulatory documents, requirements and test methods, together with the trends in the development of new test methods for assessing the environmental and fuel-economic characteristics of vehicles. Comparative parameters/modes of various laboratory tests driving cycles were presented, together with test route requirements and speed limits in real road conditions. The expediency of introducing and applying new test methods to obtain real data on fuel consumption was noted.Practical significance. The direct full-scale route testing on the ground with the application of the PEMS gas analysis complex confirmed the possibility of using the RDE test methodology technique on the territory of the Russian Federation virtually all year round.
Criteria for ensuring the cyber-security of vehicles in international agreements under the auspices of the UN and their prospects in Russia
Authors: Kisulenko B. V. , Evgrafov V. V. , Bocharov A. V. , Burykina D. S. , Makarov A. V. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The current Eurasian Economic Union regulatory documents do not provide cyber-security assessment for “connected”, highly automated and unmanned vehicles.The purpose of the study was to analyze the current assessment, provided for by international standards and the UN Regulations.Methodology and research methods. The proposed method of assessment was to establish and analyze risk and threat requirements, to be taken into consideration regarding “connected”, highly automated and unmanned vehicles before their release onto public roads.Results. The cyber-security requirements for highly automated and unmanned vehicles at the International Standardization Organization (ISO) level, the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicles Requirements of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in the form of ISO standards and UN Regulations were considered, as well as the ways of including these requirements at the regional level of the Eurasian Economic Union as part of the technical regulation “On the safety of wheeled vehicles” (TR TS 018/2011), the national level of Russia in the form of a change in the Government Decree of the Russian Federation dated November 26, 2018 No. 1415 “On conducting a trial operation experiment of highly automated transport on public roads”.The scientific novelty lies in the proposed cyber-security requirements that must be applied to highly automated and unmanned vehicles before they are released on public roads both in Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union.Practical significance. The results of the study can be used to improve the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union in the field of car manufacturing and the development of national legislative acts of the Russian Federation in this area.
The influence of load modes obtained by the topological optimization method on power circuits of mining dump truck load-bearing units
Authors: Levenkov Ya. Yu. , Ustinova A. M. , Chichekin I. V. , Vdovin D. S. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). Reducing the power elements mass of mining dump trucks to increase their load capacity without losing strength indicators is an important task. When creating modern models of heavy-loaded mining trucks, special attention should be paid both to the design of load-bearing elements of the system and passive safety structures, taking into account their joint work. The use of topological optimization methods at the early stages of design has become widespread in the creation of highly loaded elements of wheeled vehicles.The purpose of the research was to study the effect of loading conditions on the power circuits of loadbearing systems and protective structures, as well as to formulate recommendations for creating the structures at the initial design stage for improving the strength and safety of mining trucks by means of the topological optimization method based on the finite element method and to work out the stiffness algorithm.Methodology and research methods. The article presents a dynamic mathematical model of a wheeled vehicle created in the program for modeling the rigid bodies dynamics for determining loads. The power circuits of the carrier system and the protective structure were obtained with the help of the topological optimization method based on the finite element method. The object of the study was a mining truck with a gross weight of 220 tons. The subject of the research was to study the methods of optimal design and use of the vehicles load-bearing structures taking into account operating conditions.Scientific novelty and results. The influence of load modes on the power circuits of the carrier system and the protective structures has been revealed. Recommendations were given for the choice of load modes at the early stages of designing mining dump trucks for topological optimization. The power circuits of the carrier system and the protective structures were presented. Conclusions were drawn concerning the influence of load modes on the power structures of load-bearing elements.Practical significance. The results obtained can be used to create highly loaded elements of mining trucks.
Penambahan Berbagai Dosis Ekstrak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus) pada Air Minum terhadap Produktivitas Ayam Kampung Joper
Authors: Yemitera Wenda  , Sritiasni Sritiasni , Syaefullah Bangkit Luthfiaji 
Published: July 2022

Penggunaan antibiotik pada pakan ternak dapat meninggalkan residu sehingga berbahaya bagi kesehatan, oleh karena itu perlu solusi untuk menggantikan penggunaan antibiotik yaitu dengan fitobiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian fitobiotik minyak buah merah terhadap berat badan dan komsumsi air minum ayam kampung joper yang diberi fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah (Pandanus conoideus) yang diaplikasikan dalam air minum sebagai bahan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ayam kampung joper. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL pola searah dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 2 ekor sebagai unit percobaan, perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol negatif (P0),1,25% minyak buah merah (P1), 2,5% fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah (P2), 3,75% fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah (P3), dan 5% fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah (P4). Hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan berat badan rata-rata ayam dan konsumi air minum untuk P0, P1, P2, P3 dan P4 berturut-turut 0,700 kg; 0,825 kg; 1,025 kg; 1,125 kg; dan 1,225 kg serta 5,900 ml; 4,880 ml; 5,700 ml; 5,720 ml dan 6,220 ml. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data bahwa penambahan fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah 5% (P4) dalam air minum merupakan perlakuan terbaik dilihat dari pertumbuhan bobot badan ayam dan konsumsi air minum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan minyak buah merah dengan menggunakan teknologi fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi terbukti dapat meningkatkan produktivitas ayam kampung joper.