bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative, density-based smoothed particle hydrodynamics with improved partition of the unity and better estimation of gradients
Authors: García-Senz Domingo , Cabezón Rubén M. , Escartín Jose A. 
Published: January 2022

Context. The accurate evaluation of gradients is a cornerstone of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique. Using an integral approach to estimating gradients has been proven to substantially enhance its accuracy, retaining the Lagrangian structure of SPH equations and remaining fully conservative. However, in practice, it is difficult to ensure that the Lagrangian formulation is entirely consistent with regard to the exact partition of the unity.
Aims. In this paper, we focus our study on the connection between the choice of the volume elements (VEs) in the SPH summations as well as the accuracy in the gradient estimation within the integral approach scheme (ISPH). We propose a new variant of VEs to improve the partition of the unity that is fully compatible with the Lagrangian formulation of SPH, including grad-h corrections.
Aims. Using analytic considerations, simple static toy models in 1D, and a set of full 3D test cases, we show that any improvement in the partition of the unity also leads to a better calculation of gradients when the integral approach is used jointly. Additionally, we propose an easy-to-implement modification of the ISPH scheme, which makes it more flexible and better suited to handling sharp density contrasts.
Methods. The ISPH code that is built with the proposed scheme has been validated with a good number of standard tests, some of them involving contact discontinuities. The performance of the code was shown to be excellent in all of these tests, consistently demonstrating that an improvement in the partition of the unity is not detrimental to the optimal conservation of energy, momentum, and entropy that is typical of Lagrangian schemes.
Results. We successfully built a new ISPH scheme on a Lagrangian basis, which is fully conservative, and compatible with self-consistent grad-h terms and an improved partition of the unity. The ensuing code is able to successfully cope with the tensile instability and has been validated with a number of hydrodynamic tests with good results.
Radio footprints of a minor merger in the Shapley Supercluster: From supercluster down to galactic scales
Authors: Venturi T. , Giacintucci S. , Merluzzi P. , Bardelli S. , Busarello G. , Dallacasa D. , Sikhosana S. P. , Marvil J. , Smirnov O. , Bourdin H. , Mazzotta P. , Rossetti M. , Rudnick L. , Bernardi G. , Brüggen M. , Carretti E. , Cassano R. , Di Gennaro G. , Gastaldello F. , Kale R. , Knowles K. , Koribalski B. S. , Heywood I. , Hopkins A. M. , Norris R. P. , Reiprich T. H. , Tasse C. , Vernstrom T. , Zucca E. , Bester L. H. , Diego J. M. , Kanapathippillai J. 
Published: January 2022

Context. The Shapley Supercluster (⟨z⟩≈0.048) contains several tens of gravitationally bound clusters and groups, making it an ideal subject for radio studies of cluster mergers.
Aims. We used new high sensitivity radio observations to investigate the less energetic events of mass assembly in the Shapley Supercluster from supercluster down to galactic scales.
Methods. We created total intensity images of the full region between A3558 and A3562, from ∼230 to ∼1650 MHz, using ASKAP, MeerKAT and the GMRT, with sensitivities ranging from ∼6 to ∼100 μJy beam−1. We performed a detailed morphological and spectral study of the extended emission features, complemented with ESO-VST optical imaging and X-ray data from XMM-Newton.
Results. We report the first GHz frequency detection of extremely low brightness intercluster diffuse emission on a ∼1 Mpc scale connecting a cluster and a group, namely: A3562 and the group SC 1329–313. It is morphologically similar to the X-ray emission in the region. We also found (1) a radio tail generated by ram pressure stripping in the galaxy SOS 61086 in SC 1329–313; (2) a head-tail radio galaxy, whose tail is broken and culminates in a misaligned bar; (3) ultrasteep diffuse emission at the centre of A3558. Finally (4), we confirm the ultra-steep spectrum nature of the radio halo in A3562.
Conclusions. Our study strongly supports the scenario of a flyby of SC 1329–313 north of A3562 into the supercluster core. This event perturbed the centre of A3562, leaving traces of this interaction in the form of turbulence between A3562 and SC 1329–313, at the origin of the radio bridge and eventually affecting the evolution of individual supercluster galaxies by triggering ram pressure stripping. Our work shows that minor mergers can be spectacular and have the potential to generate diffuse radio emission that carries important information on the formation of large-scale structures in the Universe.
Early-Onset Vascular Leukoencephalopathy Caused by Bi-Allelic NOTCH3 Variants
Authors: Stellingwerff Menno D. , Nulton Corinne , Helman Guy , Roosendaal Stefan D. , Benko William S. , Pizzino Amy , Bugiani Marianna , Vanderver Adeline , Simons Cas , van der Knaap Marjo S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective Heterozygous NOTCH3 variants are known to cause cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), with patients typically presenting in adulthood. We describe three patients presenting at an early age with a vascular leukoencephalopathy. Genome sequencing revealed bi-allelic variants in the NOTCH3 gene.
Methods Clinical records and available MRI and CT scans of three patients from two unrelated families were retrospectively reviewed.
Results The patients presented at 9 to 14 months of age with developmental delay, seizures, or both. The disease course was characterized by cognitive impairment and variably recurrent strokes, migraine attacks, and seizures. MRI findings pointed at a small vessel disease, with extensive cerebral white matter abnormalities, atrophy, lacunes in the basal ganglia, microbleeds, and microcalcifications. The anterior temporal lobes were spared. Bi-allelic cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 variants in exons 1, 32, and 33 were found.
Interpretation This study indicates that bi-allelic loss-of-function NOTCH3 variants may cause a vascular leukoencephalopathy, distinct from CADASIL.
Parent Experience of Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy and Hypothermia: A Call for Trauma Informed Care
Authors: Sagaser Anna , Pilon Betsy , Goeller Annie , Lemmon Monica , Craig Alexa K. 
Published: January 2022

Objective Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard treatment for hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We surveyed parents of infants treated with TH about their experiences of communication and parental involvement in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Study Design A 29-question anonymous survey was posted on a parent support (web site:
https://www.hopeforhie.org
) and sent to members via e-mail. Responses from open-ended questions were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results A total of 165 respondents completed the survey and 108 (66%) infants were treated with TH. 79 (48%) respondents were dissatisfied/neutral regarding the quality of communication in the NICU, whereas 127 (77%) were satisfied/greatly satisfied with the quality of parental involvement in the NICU. Six themes were identified as follows: (1) setting for communication: parents preferred face to face meetings with clinicians; (2) content and clarity of language: parents valued clear language (use of layman's terms) and being explicitly told the medical diagnosis of HIE; (3) immediate and longitudinal emotional support: parents required support from clinicians to process the trauma of the birth experience and hypothermia treatment; (4) clinician time and scheduling: parents valued the ability to join rounds and other major conversations about infant care; (5) valuing the parent role: parents desired being actively involved in rounds, care times, and decision-making; (6) physical presence and touch: parents valued being physically present and touching their baby; this presence was limited by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related restrictions.
Conclusion We highlight stakeholder views on parent involvement and parent–clinician communication in the NICU and note significant overlap with principles of trauma informed care: safety (physical and psychological), trustworthiness and transparency, peer support, collaboration and mutuality, empowerment, and voice and choice. We propose that a greater understanding and implementation of these principles may allow the medical team to more effectively communicate with and involve parents in the care of infants with HIE in the NICU.
Key Points
Photoinduced Organic Reactions by Employing Pyrene Catalysts
Authors: Sekine Kohei , Kuninobu Yoichiro , Shiozuka Akira 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPyrene is one of the most attractive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in photochemistry. Based on their redox properties, pyrenes have potential as photosensitizers. In this review, we summarize recent developments in pyrene-catalyzed photoinduced organic reactions occurring via energy transfer or single-electron transfer based on the excited state of the pyrene.1	Introduction2	Photolysis Involving N–O Bond Cleavage or Decarboxylation3	(Cyclo)addition Reactions with Styrenes4	Transformations via Cleavage of C–F, C–I, C–S and C–N Bonds5	Reactions Based on Sensitization-Initiated Electron Transfer (SenI­-ET)6	Miscellaneous Transformations7	Conclusion
Efficient Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives through Sequential Cyclization–Deoxygenation Reaction of 2-Alkynylbenzaldoximes
Authors: Balalaie Saeed , Ayoubi Mojtaba , Nikbakht Ali , Amiri Kamran , Abbasi Kejani Alireza , Zahedian Tejeneki Hossein 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe describe a novel, simple, robust, and efficient cyclization/deoxygenation approach for the synthesis of functionalized isoquinoline derivatives. Over the course of continued studies on o-alkynylbenzaldoxime cyclization reactions, the formation of cyclic nitrones through 6-endo-dig cyclization was achieved using silver triflate or bromine as an electrophile, and subsequently, the deoxygenation process was carried out in the presence of CS2 in good to high yields.
Multiple Myeloma Involving Left Hemicranium
Authors: Parthiban Jutty , Udaykumar B. , Peddireddy Sudeendra Reddy , Prakash Balasubramaniam , Kumar Vighnesh Kandha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of bone marrow affecting plasma cells. It is commonly seen as multiple punched-out lesions in the skull bone as a characteristic feature. Its presentation as hemicranial involvement with intracranial extension is rare. A 46-year-old male presented with left side scalp swelling, prominent over parietal region. X-ray showed multiple punched out lesions involving left hemicranium. CT and MRI brain showed intracranial extension of lesion without brain parenchyma invasion. He was treated with biopsy of lesion followed by chemotherapy.
Oncotic (Myxomatous) Aneurysms: A Review of Management
Authors: Peres Carlos Michel Albuquerque , Brito Alyce Castro de , Peres Carlos Henrique Mesquita , Reichl Alfredo Coimbra , Dutra Laila Patricia Fidelis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtrial myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors and may manifest with neurological symptoms in ∼ 30% of cases. Cerebral ischemia, aneurysmal formation, and extravascular metastases are mechanisms that lead to these neurological manifestations. Perilesional changes on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may help in the diagnosis of myxomatous aneurysms, which are usually located in the distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and in the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) circulation territories. Careful resection of the cardiac lesion is essential for preventing embolism. However, treatment of myxomatous aneurysms is controversial due to the limited understanding of the natural history of this condition. Treatment may include clinical observation in asymptomatic patients, surgical resection, endovascular approaches, adjuvant chemotherapy, and low-dose radiation therapy. We present one case of a female patient with myxomatous aneurysm secondary to an atrial myxoma who presented with neurological symptoms and another case of a female patient who developed neurological symptoms after initial surgical treatment of the primary lesion. Lesion growth rate, topography, morphology, and the patient's clinical condition must be considered when choosing a therapeutical method. Further clinical studies are needed to achieve a better understanding and treatment of this disease.
Telementoring of Open and Laparoscopic Knot Tying and Suturing Is Possible: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Elrod Julia , Boettcher Johannes , Vincent Deirdre , Schwarz David , Trautmann Tina , Reinshagen Konrad , Boettcher Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aim Several motor learning models have been used to teach highly complex procedural skills in medical education. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the efficiency of telementoring of open and laparoscopic suturing of medical students compared to conventional in-person teaching and training.
Methods After randomization, 23 medical students were assigned to either the telementoring or the in-person training group. Both groups were taught by surgically trained residence with a student–teacher ratio of 1:1 (teacher–student). Open suturing was assessed in a model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and laparoscopic suturing in a model of bowel anastomosis. All subjects were trained according to the spaced learning concept for 3 hours. Primary end points were time, knot quality, precision, knot strength, and overall knotting performance/competency. Furthermore, we utilized the Surgery Task Load Index to evaluate the cognitive load of both teaching techniques. Students' subjective progress regarding skill acquisitions and acceptance of telementoring was assessed using a nine-item questionnaire.
Results All 23 trainees significantly improved after training in all knot attributes. More than 90% of all subjects reached proficiency in both groups. In-person training and telementoring were similarly practical, and no significant differences regarding speed, knot quality, precision, knot stability, and procedure performance/competency were found. Students perceived no difference in acquisition of factual or applicational knowledge between the two groups. General acceptance of telementoring was moderate in both groups before training, but increased during training in students actually assigned to this group, in comparison to students assigned to conventional teaching.
Conclusion The current study shows that telementoring of open and laparoscopic suturing is an ideal answer to the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, ensuring continuous training. On-site training and telementoring are similarly effective, leading to substantial improvement in proficiency in intracorporeal suturing and knot tying. Likewise, students' subjective progress regarding skill acquisitions and cognitive load does not differ between teaching methods. Skepticism toward telementoring decreases after exposure to this learning method. Given our results, telementoring should be considered a highly effective and resource-saving educational approach even after the current pandemic.
Theatrical practices and grammatical standardization in eighteenth-century Britain
Authors: Hyett James , Percy Carol 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter extends the discussion of second-person pronouns and of eighteenth-century language norms by examining three playwrights’ use of you was in the period before its proscription by grammarians like Robert Lowth (1762). Our analysis corroborates historical sociolinguistic surveys by Tieken-Boon van Ostade (2002) and Laitinen (2009) that identify you was as informal/familiar before 1762. We also show that you was was salient and associated with social lowness in comedies well before it was stigmatized by prescriptivists. Finally, while acknowledging the distinctness of theatrical language, we have identified one useful general property of comedy and especially romantic comedy. The stylized opposition between comic characters (particularly lovers) can signal sociolinguistic salience, here of you was/were by 1747.
Suffixation and sequentiality
Authors: Raymond Chase Wesley 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper offers some reflections on the study of morphology – broadly speaking, ‘word formation’ – as a participants’ resource in social interaction. I begin by calling attention to morphology as a comparatively underexamined component of linguistic structure by conversation analysts and interactional linguists, in that it has yet to receive the same dedicated consideration as have, e.g., phonetics and syntax. I then present an ongoing study of suffixes/suffixation in Spanish – focusing on diminutives (e.g., –ito), augmentatives (e.g., –ote), and superlatives (i.e., –ísimo) – and describe how the sequentiality of interaction can offer analysts profound insight into participants’ orientations to morphological resources. With what I refer to as ‘morphological transformations’ – exemplified here in both same-turn and next-turn positions – interactants sequentially construct and expose morphological complexity as such, locally instantiating its relevance in the service of action. It is argued that a focus on transformations therefore provides analysts with a means to ‘break into’ morphology-based collections. A range of cases are presented to illustrate this methodological approach, before a concluding discussion in which I describe how morphology-focused investigations may intersect with explorations of other interactional phenomena.
Inonotus obliquus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Soliman G. S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

A description is provided for
Inonotus obliquus
, which forms black circular or irregular brittle charcoal- or clinker-like crusts or conks, breaking out of bark on trunks of living trees, particularly
Betula
species. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Greenland, Armenia, China (Shanxi), India (Uttarakhand) Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan (Almaty, East Kazakhstan, Kostanay, West Kazakhstan), Mongolia, Nepal, Russia (Altai Krai, Amur Oblast, Kamchatka Krai, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Novosibirsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Primorsky Krai, Republic of Altai, Sakhalin Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Tyumen Oblast, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), Sri Lanka, Uzbekistan, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Arkhangelsk Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Chuvash Republic, Ivanovo Oblast, Kaliningrad Oblast, Kaluga Oblast, Kirov Oblast, Komi Republic, Kostroma Oblast, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Murmansk Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Karelia, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of Tatarstan, Smolensk Oblast, Tula Oblast, Tver Oblast, Udmurt Republic, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Vladimir Oblast, Vologda Oblast, Voronezh Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast), Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon), USA (Alabama, Alaska, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin)) and hosts (
Betula
spp. and
Alnus
spp.).
Establishing an equivalent circuit for a quasihomogeneous discharge atmospheric-pressure plasma jet with a breakdown-voltage-controlled breaker and power supply circuit
Authors: Huang Shih-Sen , Tsai Hsing-Che , Chang Jerry , Huang Po-Chun , Cheng Yun-Chien , Wu Jong-Shinn 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To more accurately simulate the I–V diagram of a homogeneous and a filamentary plasma discharge with an equivalent circuit model, this study employed a breaker and passive circuit components and calculated the discharge parameters, such as equivalent discharge resistances and potential distribution, in an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). In addition, we calculated the gas-gap and dielectric capacitances of the APPJ and added a power supply equivalent circuit. Compared with other circuit models that use switches or a time-controlled current source to simulate the discharges, our present circuit model uses a breakdown-voltage-controlled breaker for the homogeneous discharge and resistors with high-frequency switches for the filamentary discharge. We employed potential simulation to obtain the equivalent dielectric capacitance in the APPJ and then derived the gas-gap capacitance. We also replaced the ideal sine wave power supply with the equivalent circuit of the common double-peak waveform power supply. MATLAB Simulink was used to construct an equivalent circuit model and the discharge area ratio, breakdown voltage and filamentary equivalent resistance were obtained via I–V waveform fitting. We measured the plasma I–V waveform with a 20 kHz frequency, various voltages (6, 12 and 15 kV), a gas flow rate of 30 standard liter per minute (SLM) and two types of gas (Ar and He). The simulated and experimental I–V waveforms were very close under the different conditions. In summary, the proposed equivalent circuit model more meaningfully describes the plasma physics to simulate homogeneous and filamentary discharges, achieving results that are compatible with our experimental observations. The findings can help with investigating plasma discharge mechanisms and full-model simulations of plasma.
Integrity monitoring for undifferenced and uncombined PPP under local environmental conditions
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Lin , Yang Fuxin , Li Liang , Liu Xiaosong , Zhang Ruizhe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Integrity monitoring of precise point positioning (PPP) can provide tightly guaranteed absolute position error bounds for safety-critical applications. However, a complex local environment makes PPP integrity monitoring much more challenging, such as urban canyons. Significant prone multipaths and low observation redundancy are the main difficulties in the accuracy and reliability of PPP. Therefore, we proposed a solution separation-based integrity monitoring algorithm, which is based on a single and dual frequency undifferenced and uncombined PPP model considering compensation for the multipath error distortion by Gaussian overbounding. Both the static and the kinematic data are utilized to test the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can produce an adequate protection level (PL) in horizontal and vertical directions. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain a smoother PL and positioning error in a dynamic local environment, and effectively suppress misleading information.