bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Red List Indices to monitor extinction risk at national scales
Authors: Raimondo Domitilla , Young Bruce E. , Brooks Thomas M. , Cardoso Pedro , van der Colff Dewidine , de Souza Dias Braulio Ferreira , Vercillo Ugo , de Souza Estevão , Juslén Aino , Hyvarinen Esko , von Staden Lize , Tolley Krystal , McGowan Philip J.K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Red List Index (RLI) measures change in the aggregate extinction risk of species. It is a key indicator for tracking progress toward nine of the Aichi and many proposed post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework Targets. Here, we consider two formulations of the RLI used for reporting biodiversity trends at national scales. Disaggregated global RLIs measure changing national contributions to global extinction risk and are currently based on five taxonomic groups, while national RLIs measure changing national extinction risk and are based on taxonomic groups assessed multiple times in country. For 74% of nations, the disaggregated global RLI is currently based on three or fewer taxonomic groups. Meanwhile, national RLIs from selected pilot countries Finland, South Africa, and Brazil are computed from twelve, eight, and nine taxonomic groups, respectively. The national RLI and the disaggregated global RLI measure different aspects of biodiversity, in that the former detects national trends in populations of species for which each country is responsible while the latter provides standardized comparisons of nations' contributions to the global extinction risk of the same species groups. As governments commit to the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, we encourage them to monitor a standard set of taxonomic groups representing different biomes using both RLI formulations to ensure effective target tracking and accurate feedback on their conservation investments.
Clinical history of female‐to‐male transgender patients is needed to avoid misinterpretation of cervical Papanicolaou tests
Authors: Moatamed Neda A. , Barco Adriana Del , Yang Sung‐Eun , Ying Yong , Zhang Sarah , Rodriguez Erika F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveCervical cancer screening is as important in female‐to‐male transgender (FTMT) patients as it is in cisgender female patients. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of clinical information regarding gender identity and testosterone therapy on the cytological interpretations.MethodsA list of FTMT patients and cisgender female patients who had received a cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) test for cancer screening was obtained. The cytological diagnoses, rendered at the time of collection, were recorded. A retrospective slide review with knowledge of the pertinent clinical information, including testosterone therapy status, was performed. The data sets were statistically compared.ResultsOf 122 cervical Pap tests in 111 FTMT individuals, 23 (19%) had surgical follow‐ups; 73 (60%) had HPV testing, of which 12 (16%) were positive for high‐risk strains; and 79 (65%) were known to be receiving testosterone. On the “original” review, 12 (9.8%) tests were diagnosed as unsatisfactory. Seventy‐one (58%) Pap tests were initially diagnosed as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) without atrophy and 32 (26%) with atrophy. Seven (5.7%) of the tests were initially diagnosed as abnormal. On the “retrospective” review, the rate of unsatisfactory tests remained the same, and atrophy was observed in 76 (62%) tests. The number of abnormal tests was reduced to 4 (3.3%) after the retrospective review. Almost all comparative studies returned a P‐value of ≤0.05.ConclusionOur findings indicate that clinical information regarding whether a subject is transgender and/or is receiving testosterone therapy is crucial to avoiding Pap test overcalls.
Prevalence and clinical associations of mitral and aortic regurgitation in patients with aortic stenosis
Authors: Gjini Petro , Kenes Jodie F. , Chandrasekhar Mahesh , Hansen Ross , Dharod Ajay , Smith Stephen C. , Pu Min , Upadhya Bharathi , Stacey Richard Brandon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMost guidelines directing clinicians to manage valve disease are directed at single valve lesions. Limited data exists to direct our understanding of how concomitant valve disease impacts the left ventricle (LV).MethodsWe identified 2817 patients with aortic stenosis (AS) from the echocardiography laboratory database between September 2012 and June 2018 who had a LV ejection fraction (EF) ≥50%. LV mass, LV mass index, LV systolic pressure (systolic blood pressure + peak aortic gradient). Covariates were collected from the electronic medical record. Multi‐variate analysis of covariance was used to generate adjusted comparisons.ResultsOur population was 66% female, 17% African‐American with a mean age of 65 years. Of note, 7.3% were noted to have significant (moderate/severe) aortic regurgitation (AR), and 11% had significant (moderate/severe) mitral regurgitation (MR). Adjusting for covariates at different levels, significant MR had a much stronger association with heart failure compared to those with significant AR (p < .001 vs. p = .313, respectively) at all levels of adjustment. Both significant mitral and AR exhibited an association with increasing left ventricular mass, even with adjustment for baseline demographics and clinical features (p < .001 vs. p = .007, respectively).ConclusionIn patients with AS, 16% also experience at least moderate MR or AR. Further, significant MR has a stronger association with heart failure than significant AR, even though both increase left ventricular mass. Those with moderate AS and significant MR or AR experience similar or higher levels of heart failure compared to severe AS without regurgitation. Mixed valve disease merits further studies to direct longitudinal management.
Difference in thickness of vacuum‐formed mouthguards using ethylene vinyl acetate and polyolefin sheets
Authors: Mizuhashi Fumi , Watarai Yuko , Suzuki Tatsuhiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground/AimPolyolefin sheets are fabricated in the same manner as ethylene vinyl acetate sheets. The aim of this study was to examine the difference of vacuum‐formed mouthguard thickness according to each heating condition using ethylene vinyl acetate and polyolefin sheets.Materials and MethodsMouthguard sheets of 3.0 mm ethylene vinyl acetate and polyolefin were vacuum‐formed on working models at three heating temperatures: 85, 95, and 105°C. The thickness of the mouthguard was measured at the labial surface of the central incisor, the buccal surface of the first molar, and occlusal surface of the first molar. Differences in the thickness of the mouthguards according to the sheet materials and the heating conditions were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance.ResultsMouthguard thickness varied between the ethylene vinyl acetate and the polyolefin sheets (p < .01), and the thickness of the ethylene vinyl acetate sheet was greater than that of the polyolefin sheet at all heating conditions. The thicknesses of mouthguards fabricated using the ethylene vinyl acetate and the polyolefin sheets were not different for the three heating conditions in this study.ConclusionsThe thickness was greater for mouthguards fabricated using ethylene vinyl acetate sheet than when polyolefin sheet was used. The thickness of the mouthguards was not different for the three heating temperatures for both the ethylene vinyl acetate and the polyolefin sheets.
Identification of endophytic fungi of grapevine with emphasis on the causal agents of grapevine trunk disease in the vineyards of Zanjan Province in Iran
Authors: Ghasemi Esfahlan Saeid , Hemmati Roghayeh , Mohebbi Shohreh , Batley Jacqueline , Arzanlou Mahdi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTrunk disease is a major problem on grapevine in Zanjan province, causing serious decline, despite which its aetiology remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors involved in grapevine decline in vineyards of Zanjan province. Samples were collected from twigs and branches of grapevines in the region between October and November 2018. Fungal isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and ITS‐rDNA sequence data for selected isolates. The frequency and diversity of the fungal community recovered from grapevines in Darreh Sejin in Zanjan province were higher than in other regions. A total of 112 fungal isolates comprising 22 species were recovered. Phaeoacremonium minimum, Microsphaeropsis olivacea and Kalmusia variispora were identified as the dominant species in the region examined and could be considered the main trunk pathogens of grapevines in Zanjan region. In inoculation tests, M. olivacea was proved to be pathogenic on grapevine for the first time in this study.
Modern technologies and integrated observing systems are “instrumental” to fisheries oceanography: A brief history of ocean data collection
Authors: Schwing Franklin B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterdisciplinary data fuel fisheries oceanography research and the ecosystem‐based approaches to management and sustainable development it informs. Underlying this is a distributed ocean observing framework that is integrated, interoperable, interactive, and accessible. In recognition of the 30th anniversary of Fisheries Oceanography the journal, this paper reviews the evolution of observing instruments and platforms used in contemporary fisheries oceanography the science. Illustrated with personal anecdotes, past efforts to create or adopt observing technologies, and examples of their use in research, this highlights the spectrum of instruments, systems, and programs used to survey and monitor ocean ecosystems. Modern ocean observing systems are complex and varied, reflecting the range and diversity of data required by fisheries oceanographers. These systems require a large and ongoing investment and an interdisciplinary community of scientists, engineers, and technicians to design, build, install, operate, and maintain them. Common themes emerge from a review of past successful instrument R&D and deployments. It is a highly collaborative, integrative, and iterative process. Most systems are the result of vision, planning, and perseverance, backed by careful calibration and intercomparison. Long‐term support is essential; public–private partnerships that leverage funding, technology, and infrastructure are critical. Sustaining long time series for monitoring population and ecosystem change and to support fisheries oceanography research is a priority. Future areas of focus include continuously innovating and updating technologies, implementing a backbone of core observations, and maintaining a nimble infrastructure and R&D capacity to seize new opportunities and address emerging challenges.
An evaluation of crustacean and rotifer diversity and composition in a temporary pond metacommunity: Comparing results from field samples and a hatching experiment
Authors: Bisquert‐Ribes Maria , Martínez Alex , Castillo‐Escrivà Andreu , Gálvez Ángel , Iepure Sanda , de Manuel Berenice , Marinho Maria , Martins Fabio , Olmo Carla , Mesquita‐Joanes Francesc , Armengol Xavier 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Many aquatic invertebrates that inhabit temporary ponds produce resting forms to overcome the dry period, building up the egg bank. When the wet phase returns, the resting forms hatch and the community is restored, and then pioneer species may have a major influence on how the pond community will assemble. We aimed to evaluate the diversity of an initial pond metacommunity by comparing the early active metacommunity collected in the field and the egg bank metacommunity (by carrying out a hatching experiment) of 32 Mediterranean temporary ponds. We hypothesised that both metacommunities would be similar but also that species turnover may play an important role, and that γ diversity would be similar with both approaches.

After the identification and counting of rotifers and crustaceans in both metacommunities (i.e. the field vs. the experiment) we performed a Partial Triadic Analysis comparing the field metacommunity with those corresponding to each of the eight times the hatching experiment was checked for hatchlings. Furthermore, we compared the field and experimental metacommunities with a PROTEST analysis and identified the taxa responsible for differences between metacommunities with a SIMPER analysis. We assessed γ diversity using a size‐based rarefaction curve and an evenness profile and explored β diversity and its components (turnover and nestedness) for the two metacommunities.

Our experimental results showed differences in the temporal pattern of emergence between groups of organisms, with copepods, rotifers, and anostracans appearing first, but ostracods and rotifers reaching the highest diversity at the end of the experiment. The active and experimental pioneer metacommunities were similar according to a Procrustes analysis. Nevertheless, β diversity was high in both metacommunities and the differences among ponds and between both assemblages were mostly explained by species turnover.

Both the active and experimental pond metacommunities showed some exclusive species that may be more difficult to uncover with only one type of approach. Furthermore, the high β diversity observed indicates that each temporary pond is an important contributor to γ diversity in the metacommunity.

These results show that hatching experiments provide information that is complementary to standard sampling of the active community, and consequently is a useful tool to uncover pond biodiversity.
Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC (PGRP‐SC) shapes gut microbiota richness, diversity and composition by modulating immunity in the house fly Musca domestica
Authors: Liang Yadi , Yang Lan , Wang Yongpeng , Tang Ting , Liu Fengsong , Zhang Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract of all animals, including insects, is colonized by a remarkable array of microorganisms which are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. The hosts establish mutually beneficial interactions with the gut microbiota. However, the mechanisms shaping these interactions remain to be better understood. Here, we investigated the roles of Musca domestica peptidoglycan recognition protein SC (MdPGRP‐SC), a secreted pattern recognition receptor, in shaping the gut microbial community structure by using biochemical and high‐throughput sequencing approaches. The recombinant MdPGRP‐SC (rMdPGRP‐SC) could strongly bind various pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) including peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide and D‐galactose, and exhibited mild affinity to β‐1, 3‐glucan and D‐mannose. Meanwhile, rMdPGRP‐SC could also bind different kinds of microorganisms, including gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and yeast (Pichia pastoris). rMdPGRP‐SC also exhibited weak antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Knockdown of MdPGRP‐SC by RNAi reduced the persistence of ingested E. coli and a load of indigenous microbiota in the larval gut significantly. In addition, depleted MdPGRP‐SC also altered the gut microbiota composition and led to increased ratios of Gram‐negative bacteria. We hypothesize that MdPGRP‐SC is involved in maintaining gut homeostasis by modulating the immune intensity of the gut through multiple mechanisms, including degrading or neutralizing various PAMPs and selectively suppressing the growth of some bacteria. Considering the functional conservation of the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) family in insects, the catalytic PGRPs might be promising candidate targets not only for pest and vector control but also for the treatment of bacterial infection in insect farming.
Reciprocating instrumentation for endodontic treatment of primary molars: 24‐month randomized clinical trial
Authors: Marques Renata Pereira Samuel , Oliveira Natalia Matsuda , Barbosa Vanessa Ribeiro Pires , Bresolin Carmela Rampazzo , Mello‐Moura Anna Carolina Volpi , Lara Juan Sebastian , Novaes Tatiane Fernandes , Mendes Fausto Medeiros 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough reciprocating instrumentation has been extensively studied for permanent teeth, stronger evidence for its use in primary teeth is lacking.AimThe aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of endodontic treatment in primary molars using reciprocating (RECIP) and manual (MAN) instrumentation techniques after 24 months.DesignPrimary molars with indication of endodontic treatment were randomly divided into two groups: MAN and RECIP. Treatments were performed, and root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste. Teeth were later restored with bulk‐fill composite resin and re‐evaluated after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary outcome was the success of the endodontic treatment evaluated by Cox regression analysis adjusted by cluster and success rate after 24 months in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population. Instrumentation time, discomfort, postoperative pain, and quality of root canal filling were also evaluated as secondary endpoints.ResultsA total of 151 primary win 107 children were included, and 137 were followed up for 24 months. Success rate of teeth allocated to the MAN group was 57.3% and 55.3% for RECIP (p = .792); MAN instrumentation, however, was more time‐consuming (p = .005).ConclusionThe efficacy of endodontic treatment in primary molars using reciprocating and manual instrumentation is similar after 24 months.
Enhanced piezoelectric performance in Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15‐based bismuth‐layered ceramics by Nb/Mn doping modification
Authors: Mo Wen , Luo Xin , Zhang Yangyang , Niu Huiyan , Fang Ziyan , Hu Liangwei , Liu Kun , Li Qifan , Chen Yong , Shen Meng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y bismuth‐layered ferroelectric ceramics were prepared by a solid‐state reaction method. The effect of Nb5+ content on crystal morphology, electrical properties, and piezoelectric performance were systematically investigated. The results show that the introduction of Nb5+ into Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y ceramics to replace Ti4+ increases the ratio of b/a lattice parameter, leading to the TiO6 octahedral distortion and the structural transformation tendency from the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase, which facilitates dipole movements of Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y ceramics. Therefore, the ferroelectric properties of Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y ceramics are improved, and an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient of 30 pC/N combining great temperature stability with d33 value higher than 25 pC/N in the temperature range of 25°C–450°C has been realized in Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y ceramics with x = 0.08 mol. Our work provides a good model for designing lead‐free ultrahigh Curie temperature piezoelectric devices that can be practically applied in extremely harsh environments.
Synergistic cytotoxicity of perifosine and ABT‐737 to colon cancer cells
Authors: Adamová Barbora , Říhová Kamila , Pokludová Jana , Beneš Petr , Šmarda Jan , Navrátilová Jarmila 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn acidic environment and hypoxia within the tumour are hallmarks of cancer that contribute to cell resistance to therapy. Deregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is common in colon cancer. Numerous Akt‐targeted therapies are being developed, the activity of Akt‐inhibitors is, however, strongly pH‐dependent. Combination therapy thus represents an opportunity to increase their efficacy. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the Akt inhibitor perifosine and the Bcl‐2/Bcl‐xL inhibitor ABT‐737 was tested in colon cancer HT‐29 and HCT‐116 cells cultured in monolayer or in the form of spheroids. The efficacy of single drugs and their combination was analysed in different tumour‐specific environments including acidosis and hypoxia using a series of viability assays. Changes in protein content and distribution were determined by immunoblotting and a “peeling analysis” of immunohistochemical signals. While the cytotoxicity of single agents was influenced by the tumour‐specific microenvironment, perifosine and ABT‐737 in combination synergistically induced apoptosis in cells cultured in both 2D and 3D independently on pH and oxygen level. Thus, the combined therapy of perifosine and ABT‐737 could be considered as a potential treatment strategy for colon cancer.
Age‐specific reference intervals for routine biochemical parameters in healthy neonates, infants, and young children in Iran
Authors: Abdollahian Niloufar , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Mohammadi‐Bajgiran Maryam , Pashirzad Mehran , Yaghooti Khorasani Mahdiyeh , Bohn Mary Kathryn , Steele Shannon , Roudi Fatemeh , Kamel Khodabandeh Atieh , Ghazi Zadeh Sara , Alami‐Arani Iman , Badakhshan Seyede Negin , Esmaily Habibollah , Ferns Gordon A. , Assaran‐Darban Reza , Adeli Khosrow , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAge and sex need to be considered in the establishment of reference intervals (RIs), especially in early life when there are dynamic physiological changes. Since data for important biomarkers in healthy neonates and infants are limited, particularly in Iranian populations, we have determined age‐specific RIs for 7 laboratory biochemical parameters. This cross‐sectional study comprised a total of 344 paediatric participants (males: 158, females: 186) between the ages of 3 days and 30 months (mean age: 12.91 ± 7.15 months). Serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, calcium, phosphate, vitamin D and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) were measured using an Alpha classic‐AT plus auto‐analyser. We determined age‐specific RIs using CLSI Ep28‐A3 and C28‐A3 guidelines. No sex partitioning was required for any of the biomarkers. Age partitioning was required for kidney function tests and phosphate. The serum concentration of urea and creatinine increased with age, while phosphate and uric acid decreased with age. Age partitioning was not required for serum calcium, vitamin D, and hs‐CRP, which remained relatively constant throughout the age range. Age‐specific RIs for 7 routine biochemical markers were determined to address critical gaps in RIs in early life to help improve clinical interpretation of blood test results in young children, including neonates. Established age partitions demonstrate the biochemical changes that take place during child growth and development. These novel data will ultimately better disease management in the Iranian paediatric population and can be of value to clinical and hospital laboratories with similar populations.