bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using quantitative PCR to identify opportunities to strengthen soil-transmitted helminth control in Solomon Islands: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey
Authors: Le Brandon , Clarke Naomi , Hii Sze Fui , Byrne Aisling , Zendejas-Heredia Patsy A. , Lake Susanna , Sokana Oliver , Khattak Alam , Romani Lucia , Engelman Daniel , Nasi Titus , Boara Dickson , Kaldor John , Steer Andrew , Traub Rebecca , Nery Susana Vaz 
Published: May 2022

Background
The Kato-Katz microscopy technique is the global standard for assessment of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) burden. However, major limitations include its poor sensitivity, requirement for rapid sample processing, and inability to differentiate hookworm species nor detect Strongyloides spp. infections. We assessed the prevalence and intensity of STH species in Solomon Islands by conducting a province-wide survey using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for diagnosis, which can provide much better characterisation of STH burden than microscopy.

Methodology/Principal findings
We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 18 villages in Western Province to detect infections with six STH species and quantify intensity with three. We used linear mixed model regression to identify potential water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and environmental risk factors for infection. We collected stool specimens from 830 village residents. Overall STH prevalence was 63.3% (range 27.5 to 91.5% across villages), led by Necator americanus (54.5% [range 17.5–89.4%]), followed by Ancylostoma ceylanicum (15.5% [range 2.8–45.8%]), Trichuris trichiura (9.1% [range 0–79.2%]), and Strongyloides spp. (3.2% [range 0–29.2%]). Most infections were of light intensity for N. americanus (85.7%) and T. trichiura (90.7%). Owning a household latrine was associated with a lower risk of N. americanus infection (AOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24–0.68) while greater precipitation was linked to more common T. trichiura infection (AOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25).

Conclusion/Significance
In this first large-scale population survey of STH in the Pacific using qPCR, we found evidence that ivermectin should be incorporated into STH control programmes because of the presence of T. trichiura and Strongyloides spp., both of which are poorly responsive to albendazole. Furthermore, One Health strategies are needed for improved A. ceylanicum and Strongyloides spp. control, WASH access and use should be improved to complement deworming programmes, and control efforts should ideally be expanded to entire communities.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001086257.
The role of uropathogenic Escherichia coli adhesive molecules in inflammatory response- comparative study on immunocompetent hosts and kidney recipients
Authors: Wojciuk Bartosz , Majewska Karolina , Grygorcewicz Bartłomiej , Krukowska Żaneta , Kwiatkowska Ewa , Ciechanowski Kazimierz , Dołęgowska Barbara 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTI) represent one of the most common contagious diseases in humans. UropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) strains are recognized as the most frequent causative agent, and these express a range of virulence factors including the adhesins. Immune response to UPEC under immunosuppression has not been fully understood yet. Interleukin 1β (IL1β), 6 (IL6) and 17 (IL17) represent clinically relevant markers of inflammation.AimThe study aimed to investigate the interplay between UPEC genotype and hosts’ immune status in shaping local inflammatory response in the course of an UTI episode. The respective numbers of: 18 kidney recipients with UPEC UTI, 28 immunocompetent hosts with UPEC UTI and 29 healthy controls were involved. Urine IL1β, IL6, and IL17/creatinine ratios in relation tofimH,csgA,papC,tosA, andflugenes presence in UPEC isolated from the urine samples were analyzed. Apart from traditional statistics, also machine learning algorithms were applied.ResultsThe urine levels of IL1β and IL 6 were similar in kidney recipients and the immunocompetent hosts. IL1β levels were higher in both kidney recipients and immunocompetent hosts than in controls, while IL6 levels were higher only in immunocompetent hosts than in controls. In the machine learning classification model, high urine IL17 levels were significantly more prevalent in controls, while low IL17 levels in urines infected with Ag43-positive UPEC strains, regardless of the host’s immune status. In the traditional statistical analysis, IL17 levels appeared significantly higher in urine samples from kidney recipients infected with Ag43–negative UPEC strains.ConclusionsIn the UTI- affected patients, the combination of the immune status of an individual and Ag43 status of the UPEC strain determined urine IL17 level in the analyzed group. However, IL17 levels above median were overall more prevalent in controls.
Feasibility indicators of telemedicine for patients with dementia in a public hospital in Northeast Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lima Danielle Pessoa , Queiroz Ingrid Barros , Carneiro Alexandre Henrique Silva , Pereira Daniela Araújo Aragão , Castro Camila Silva , Viana-Júnior Antonio Brazil , Nogueira Charlys Barbosa , Coelho Filho João Macedo , Lôbo Rômulo Rebouças , Roriz-Filho Jarbas de Sá , Braga-Neto Pedro 
Published: May 2022

Background
The use of telemedicine has become a fundamental tool in healthcare in recent years, especially at times of Covid-19 pandemic. Currently, there are several telemedicine tools that are simple, inexpensive, and effective means of communication. This article aims to describe indicators of feasibility including patient recruitment, attendance, discomfort (internet connection issues and/or noncompliant patient behavior), satisfaction, and travel time and cost savings of virtual telemedicine consultations for patients with dementia.

Methods
The study was conducted at the Geriatrics Department of Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC) in Fortaleza, Brazil, between May 1st and December 31, 2020. The eligibility criteria included previous diagnosis of dementia syndrome and receiving care at the hospital’s dementia outpatient clinic in face-to-face consultations in the preceding 12 months. Patients were excluded if they did not feel comfortable with virtual consultations, did not have the required communication technology available or their caregiver was not available to attend the remote consultation. The patients were recruited from the outpatient dementia clinic’s medical appointment scheduling list. The intervention was designed as a one-time consultation and it included treatment approaches and health promotion recommendations.

Results
Patient recruitment, attendance and discomfort rates were 85.5%, 97.7% and 9.4%, respectively. To attend face-to-face visits, they reported an average travel time (including the consultation) of 233.21 minutes and average total cost of 60.61 reais (around USD 11). The study intervention was well accepted among the patients and their caregivers with 97.6% being satisfied. Many were happy to avoid long waits in crowded medical waiting rooms and the risk of covid-19 contagion.

Conclusions
We found good recruitment, attendance, and acceptance rates of remote care for the follow-up of dementia patients as well as low discomfort rates.

Trial registration
Brazilian Trial Registry (REBEC) RBR-9xs978.
Running and Imaginative Games
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre 
Published: May 2022

This chapter begins with a transcript of a recorded session held at Gates of Prayer Hebrew School. The words of the children demonstrate that children, whatever denomination they belong to, participate in the schooyard games they encounter in their daily life. The chapter also contains children’s accounts of running games. Tag is by far the most varied and popular running game recorded, with a seemingly limitless set of variants.
Running games introduced to students as part of their physical education are often adapted to schoolyard play. “Dodge ball,” “Basketball,” and “Football” have street versions enthusiastically played. Dramatic running games having a story line includes such imaginative play as “Prisoner’s Base,” “Monsters,” “Colored Eggs,” as well as reenactments of Television shows like Batman and “Charlie’s Angels.”
Jokes
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre 
Published: May 2022

Telling jokes and stories is an art form for both children and adults. The teller has to have good logical order, precise timing, and entertaining delivery to keep everyone’s interest. This chapter presents children’s jokes, listener’s comments, and catalogs both successes and failures. The jokes were told in racially mixed settings. The audience was fellow schoolmates, and the kibitzing is instantaneous. A child stumbling through his/her first attempts at joke and storytelling has to have tenacity and a tough outer skin.
Included in this chapter are transcripts of children telling stories as well as jokes and a long interview with ninth graders from Redeemer High School entertaining one another with stories and jokes that get progressively naughtier.
The Romance of Othermothering
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie 
Published: May 2022

Despite the conservative plot of the Backfisch book and its reliance on heterosexual marriage as the marker of successful maturation, the focus on these stories is not the courtship that leads to marriage, but a world of women and girls supervised by single, adult women who are financially, socially, and intellectually independent. These novels for girls return to the tradition of Sarah Fieldings’ The Governess and the role of storytelling to teach intimate connection between author and reader and to provide examples of girls and women living in nurturing communities. The protagonist’s journey away from home (and her mother’s care) allows her and the reader to see that women who are not biological mothers can provide valuable othermothering. The embodied intimacy of shared mothering challenges the assumption that heterosexual or Christian romance will be the primary form of love in a girl’s life and provides an alternative to essentialist conceptions of motherhood.
The Homesick Heroine
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie 
Published: May 2022

Johanna Spyri’s Heidi moves the wider genre of girls’ fiction from a focus on girls who are safe (Backfisch novels and family stories) to girls’ books in which girls are vulnerable (the orphan girl novel). In the former, girls need only worry about their own education and marriage, and the natural world is a source of pleasure; in the latter, girls must change others, and the natural world becomes a vital space for healing. The playful Backfisch period is replaced by an environment of neglect, in which the girl must cultivate relationships in order to survive. Homesickness becomes a response to a dangerous world rather than a messy indicator of the heroine’s need to mature. Heidi’s tremendous success spoke to adult nostalgia for childhood and the desire to be saved from the anxiety of adolescence. Her plot became the central one in the classic girls’ book of the twentieth century.
Martha, Mary, and Susie: Totalitarian Political Ideology and Women in Lillian Smith’s The Journey
Authors: Rollins Wendy Kurant 
Published: May 2022

Wendy Kurant Rollins investigates The Journey in this chapter, contending that through adept development of the character Susie—wife of motor court owner and demagogue, Cephas—Smith illustrates how authoritarian systems cripple female artists. Framing her analysis with Jungian psychology, Rollins reveals Smith’s warning against the “mythic mind”—which sees external reality only in the ways through which it conforms to the subjective structure of a particular archetype—in favor of vigilant separation of the mythic and rational minds. The Journey, this study argues, insists on the importance of the distinction and builds upon it, emphasizing that the abstract and mythic concepts of honor and responsibility can be made objective only through one’s interactions with others. Rollins examines this cautionary tale against totalitarianism in context of the Cold War era during which The Journey was published.
VAKSINASI COVID-19: HAK INDIVIDU ATAU KEWAJIBAN PUBLIK DALAM CIVIL SOCIETY?
Authors: Shadiqin Moch Thariq , Azhar Muhamad , Adiyanta F.C. Susila , Rohani Siti 
Published: May 2022

Kehadiran negara sangat penting bagi masyarakat di saat Pandemi Covid-19. Negara memiliki otoritas untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan (welfare state) yang diwakili oleh pemegang jabatan berhak untuk melakukan diskresi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah vaksinasi merupakan hak individu atau kewajiban publik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setiap orang memiliki kebebasan dalam mengambil suatu keputusan apakah ingin dilakukan vaksin atau tidak. Namun, kebebasan individu dalam menyuarakan pendapat menolak vaksin dapat disampingkan untuk melindungi hajat hidup orang banyak.
Machine learning-based system for prediction of ascites grades in patients with liver cirrhosis using laboratory and clinical data: design and implementation study
Authors: Hatami Behzad , Asadi Farkhondeh , Bayani Azadeh , Zali Mohammad Reza , Kavousi Kaveh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the study was to implement a non-invasive model to predict ascites grades among patients with cirrhosis.

Methods
In the present study, we used modern machine learning (ML) methods to develop a scoring system solely based on routine laboratory and clinical data to help physicians accurately diagnose and predict different degrees of ascites. We used ANACONDA3–5.2.0 64 bit, free and open-source platform distribution of Python programming language with numerous modules, packages, and rich libraries that provide various methods for classification problems. Through the 10-fold cross-validation, we employed three common learning models on our dataset, k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and neural network classification algorithms.

Results
According to the data received from the research institute, three types of data analysis have been performed. The algorithms used to predict ascites were KNN, cross-validation (CV), and multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN), which achieved an average accuracy of 94, 91, and 90%, respectively. Also, in the average accuracy of the algorithms, KNN had the highest accuracy of 94%.

Conclusions
We applied well-known ML approaches to predict ascites. The findings showed a strong performance compared to the classical statistical approaches. This ML-based approach can help to avoid unnecessary risks and costs for patients with acute stages of the disease.
Timing of delivery in antenatal fetal hydronephrosis: a snap shot social media survery of obstetric and fetal medicine practice
Authors: Corbett Harriet J. , Williams Ruby , Agarwal Umber 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To identify when obstetricians would deliver a fetus with antenatal hydronephrosis and normal liquor. Designed as snap-shot survey. Setting: Survey Monkey link. Population/sample were obstetrics and fetal medicine consultants who received the survey link via closed professional forums on the North West Coast Maternity Clinical Network, Facebook, and publicly on Twitter.

Methods
Survey link publicised as above, obstetric consultants were asked at what gestation would they deliver a fetus with antenatal hydronephrosis and normal liquor; and what criteria would they use to make that decision. Main outcome measures were number of years in practice, gestation at delivery, anteroposterior diameter (APD) of renal pelvis.

Results
A total of 44/102 respondents (43%) would deliver prior to 40 weeks (median no. of years as consultant 10 years [IQR 5–17]) vs. those who would not (median years as consultant 5.5 [IQR 3–12]). Re APD threshold of delivery: 17 indicated delivery if the APD were 20 mm, 10 if it were 21–30 mm and 16 if it were >30 mm. Re gestation at which they would deliver: 13 indicated 37–38 weeks, 13 indicated 38–39 weeks and 17 indicated 39–40 weeks. Reasons selected for delivery before term were obstetric anxiety n=2, maternal request n=2, maternal anxiety n=2 and concern about fatal renal damage/renal damage n=34.

Conclusions
A surprising number of respondents would consider early delivery of a fetus with hydronephrosis and normal liquor despite the lack of evidence of benefit. The evidence supporting term delivery means that early term delivery is only indicated for obstetric reasons in this scenario.
Credibility in the time of COVID-19: Cues that audiences look for when assessing information on social media and building confidence in identifying ‘fake news’ about the virus
Authors: Hinsley Amber , Ju Ilwoo , Park Taehwan , Ohs Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Navigating the COVID-19 pandemic has included parsing an overwhelming amount of information—much of it online. Many Americans have seen information on social media that they find confusing (Mitchell, Oliphant & Shearer, 2020) and recent research has found that social media use may contribute to greater likelihoods of believing misinformation about the virus and sharing ‘fake news’ about it (Su, 2021; Pennycook et al., 2020). Using a survey of U.S. adults, this research determined which social media platforms Americans rely on most when they search for information about COVID-19: Facebook, YouTube and Twitter. The present study also identified the credibility cues that people look to as they are trying to ascertain the veracity of COVID-19 information they come across on social media and that are predictors of helping them feel more confident in their own ability to identify credible information. Those significant cues—believability, authenticity, trustworthiness, reliability and objectivity—confirm previous research by Appelman and Sundar (2016) and Tandoc et al. (2018b). Educators, public health officials, and journalists are among the professionals who can use these findings to create more effective messages designed to assist people in making better health decisions.
Isolation, Metaphor, and Politics during COVID-19: The Case of the Dominican Republic
Authors: Herrera Cesar J. 
Published: May 2022

In smaller nations, where evolving sociopolitical factors, cultural attitudes, and governmental responses may influence the biology of disease, epidemics have been largely understudied. The Dominican Republic possesses several factors relevant to the current COVID-19 pandemic: a warm climate, proximity to densely populated islands, a valuable tourist industry, remittances, a younger population, and strong social networks driven by physical affection. The country’s suboptimal health-care system and strained finances will also be key determinants of the effects of the pandemic locally.
Early in 2020, officials adopted a casual approach to COVID-19, which quickly turned into a structured effort of closing borders and implementing social distancing. Initial infections were attributed to affluent Dominicans returning from Europe; transmission quickly spread to low-income segments of the population, particularly towns with a high frequency of travel to the United States.
Popular and religious beliefs have surfaced: a “pilgrim” carrying a wooden cross traversed the island, reaching the coast to deposit it so the island would be free of COVID-19; deaths due to clerén intoxication, a drink similar to moonshine believed to possess curative powers; and the Catholic Church’s “aerial blessing” delivered via helicopter. Other metaphors emerged in common survival strategies: homemade masks and gloves sold in neighborhood colmados; cartoons and videos ridiculing commentators and scientists, notably divorced from reality; a town’s curfew violator rushing home on a horse while being chased by cops on motorcycles, etcetera.
The fate of the epidemic remains uncertain: limited testing, lack of compliance with isolation by the self-employed, suspected government corruption, and newly elected authorities create a complex scenario where Dominicans remain torn between reality and hope. Poetry and politics, and symbolism and representation, are counterparts on an island nation that has not looked inward during crises for some time.
Wooshing London
Authors: Lee Ji Eun 
Published: May 2022

Ji Eun Lee, “Wooshing London: Unsettling Acceleration in H. G. Wells’s Tono-Bungay” (pp. 455–490)
This essay reads H. G. Wells’s Tono-Bungay (1909) in the context of “wooshing” London—I take the word from the story—to see how the unsettling effect of this rapid urban mobility translates into the generic form of the novel. At the turn of the twentieth century, London was wooshing—that is to say, people and things in the city were moving by being displaced into a rushing flow, unprepared and unconnected, as the city was taken by revolutionary forms of urban transportation such as pneumatic and electric tubes, trams, elevators, escalators, motor buses, and cars. The word “woosh,” which was first used around the time that this mobility came into being, denotes a quick rushing movement based on hydraulic flow, and linguistically it functions as an interjection or a void in the semantic and syntactic flow of a sentence. Tono-Bungay shows different modes of unsettlement pervading London such as the whirlpool, passing stream, and flood. Yet it presents “woosh”—the way in which the patent medicine Tono-Bungay works and moves in commerce—as the ultimate mode of unsettlement that disconnects and displaces the locus of movement. Likewise, in Tono-Bungay, there is no locus of agency in the process of urban walking or in the reading process disrupting the narrative syntax. By emptying out the individual locus in the disconnecting, accelerating flow of his narrative—as London does in its urban mobility—Wells revises the genre into a form that embodies the city’s unsettling power.
FEATURES OF THE ADAPTATION OF 3D PRINTED REGENERATIVE COOLING CHANNELS OF THE LPRE THROAT INSERTS
Authors: Vekilov S. Sh. , Lipovskyi V.I. , Marchan R. A. 
Published: May 2022

For modern LPREs there is a general tendency to find new approaches to decrease manufacturing costs as well as increasing engine efficiency. This is grounded on the fact that classically, the design of LPRE components represents assemblies which consist of several complex parts joined together by means of specific technological processes. Particularly, throat inserts production often requires advanced machining of both inner wall and chamber jacket which are brazed to ensure the integrity of the obtained part. One of the possible ways to simplify the complex manufacturing technology of the throat inserts is the application of additive manufacturing methods. For instance, SLM (Selective Laser Melting) technology allows to partly exclude complex machining, welding and brazing from production cycle of the throat inserts. As a result, classically manufactured assembly transforms into single 3D-printed part and consequently, this has positive impact on system reliability while the time expenses reduce significantly.
The possibility of using the additive printing process for the manufacture of throat inserts of liquid-propellant rocket engines is investigated in this paper. A design was chosen for comparison based on the analysis of existing typical real designs of liquid-propellant rocket engines. The designs of the throat inserts are to be manufactured by means of SLM technology. Several 3D models with varying geometry features of cooling channels were designed. The obtained results made it possible to analyze new metal throat inserts of the liquid-propellant engines and compare them with those which were manufactured using traditionally used technologies. Comparative analysis allows us to study the main features of the SLM-manufacturing of the throat inserts of the liquid-propellant engine and propose the main ways of adaptation of the geometry of the cooling channels while taking into account the technological limitations of the chosen additive manufacturing method.