bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researchingwithplaces: on using engaged scholarship in marketing
Authors: Steadman Chloe , Millington Steve 
Published: November 2022

PurposeAs a core element of the marketing mix, place is of central concern within marketing. Yet existing literature typically presents accounts of research about rather than with places. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to argue that engaged scholarship can help academics, practitioners, policymakers and communities to work collaboratively to solve place-based “wicked problems”. Specifically, this paper focuses on high street revitalisation, a challenge frustrating policymakers and communities since the 1980s.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on a mixed-method research project conducted with place-based stakeholders in Manchester, the UK, to discuss the benefits and challenges arising through an engaged scholarship approach.FindingsThe authors outline several benefits to engaged scholarship, including forming tailored solutions to place-based problems, engendering trust and ongoing research partnerships and generating real-world impact beyond the academy. However, the authors also draw attention to the challenges including political sensitivities within places, additional layers of scrutiny and challenges to dissemination arising through partnership working with organisations external to the university.Originality/valueWhereas a range of techniques have been used to research places within marketing, engaged scholarship is lacking. This paper, therefore, provides first-hand insights into the benefits and challenges that the authors experienced using the approach. This is of significance because of the rising importance of generating real-world impact within the academy, which the authors feel requires more institutional support. This paper also suggests Van de Ven’s diamond model of engaged scholarship extends to encompass issues of research governance.
Landscape‐scale drivers of liana load across a Southeast Asian forest canopy differ to the Neotropics
Authors: Waite Catherine E. , van der Heijden Geertje M. F. , Field Richard , Burslem David F. R. P. , Dalling James W. , Nilus Reuben , Rodríguez‐Ronderos M. Elizabeth , Marshall Andrew R. , Boyd Doreen S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Lianas (woody vines) are a key component of tropical forests, known to reduce forest carbon storage and sequestration and to be increasing in abundance. Analysing how and why lianas are distributed in forest canopies at landscape scales will help us determine the mechanisms driving changes in lianas over time. This will improve our understanding of liana ecology and projections of tropical forest carbon storage now and into the future. Despite competing hypotheses on the mechanisms driving spatial patterning of lianas, few studies have integrated multiple tree‐level biotic and abiotic factors in an analytical framework. None have done so in the Palaeotropics, which are biogeographically and evolutionarily distinct from the Neotropics, where most research on lianas has been conducted.

We used an unoccupied aerial system (UAS; drone) to assess liana load in 50‐ha of Palaeotropical forest canopy in Southeast Asia. We obtained data on hypothesised drivers of liana spatial distribution in the forest canopy, including disturbance, tree characteristics, soil chemistry and topography, from the UAS, from airborne LiDAR and from ground surveys. We integrated these in a comprehensive analytical framework to extract variables at an individual‐tree level and evaluated the relative strengths of the hypothesised drivers and their ability to predict liana distributions through boosted regression tree (BRT) modelling.

Tree height and distance to canopy gaps were the two most important predictors of liana load, with relative contribution values in BRT models of 34.60%–45.39% and 7.93%–10.19%, respectively. Our results suggest that taller trees were less often and less heavily infested by lianas than shorter trees, opposite to Neotropical findings. Lianas also occurred more often, and to a greater extent, in tree crowns close to canopy gaps and to neighbouring trees with lianas in their crown.

Synthesis. Despite their known importance and prevalence in tropical forests, lianas are not well understood, particularly in the Palaeotropics. Examining 2428 trees across 50‐ha of Palaeotropical forest canopy in Southeast Asia, we find support for the hypothesis that canopy gaps promote liana infestation. However, we also found that liana presence and load declined with tree height, which is opposite to well‐established Neotropical findings. This suggests a fundamental difference between Neotropical and Southeast Asian forests. Considering that most liana literature has focused on the Neotropics, this highlights the need for additional studies in other biogeographic regions to clarify potential differences and enable us to better understand liana impacts on tropical forest ecology, carbon storage and sequestration.
The role of Australian local government in economic development: Building international engagement capacity
Authors: Walker Matthew , Fan Shea X. , Huang Xueli , Bartram Timothy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSister city relationships (SCRs) are a platform through which local governments (LGs) engage internationally. Increasingly, there is an expectation that such international engagement delivers economic opportunities and returns. Many LGs are therefore pursuing local economic development (LED) through their SCRs. Drawing on a national survey of Australian LGs (stage 1) and interviews with key council staff and stakeholders in five LG areas maintaining Australia–China SCRs (stage 2), this paper contributes to growing literature on LED by examining how LGs have developed their own capacities and supported local small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) to engage internationally. Our findings reveal insights into how Australian LGs have achieved international engagement through two strategies that leverage their SCRs, namely building government's capabilities and developing SMEs’ capabilities. This paper contributes new insights into the evolving role of LGs in LED, including both current experimentation, challenges, and future opportunities.Points for practitioners
A growing number of Australian local governments pursue LED through their Chinese sister city relationships.
Supporting the internationalisation of SMEs is an emerging component of local government pursuit of LED.
International engagement of local governments has necessitated enhanced capacities in human, external, and financial resources.
Findings highlight the unique and often overlooked role of local‐to‐local diplomatic and economic relations.
Precautionary versus Signalling Motive of Share Repurchases: Evidence from Policy Uncertainty and the COVID‐19 Crisis
Authors: Chen Zhong , Lei Zicheng , Xia Chunling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing policy‐related uncertainty as a shock to firms’ internal and external financing frictions, we find significantly lower repurchase likelihoods, short‐term market reactions, and post‐announcement completion rates of open market share repurchases during periods of high policy uncertainty. Firms are more likely to switch from a high‐ to a low‐commitment repurchase technique when policy uncertainty is high. In contrast, for firms that are significantly undervalued ex ante, higher policy uncertainty leads to more repurchase activities. In addition, we show that the COVID‐19 crisis is associated with a lower repurchase likelihood for financially constrained firms or those with high cash flow volatility, while undervalued firms repurchased more shares during the pandemic period. Our results are robust after controlling for potential sources of endogeneity and conducting a battery of robustness tests. Collectively, our evidence suggests that the relationship between uncertainty and share repurchases is conditional on institutional contexts. Firms’ level of financial flexibility, their demand for signalling, and the credibility and magnitude of repurchase signals all significantly affect their precautionary and signalling motives.
Conceptualising informal institutions: Drawing on the case of guanxi
Authors: Barbalet Jack 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInstitutions regulate social life through formal rules and sanctions. These are distinguished from another source of social regulation, the informal incentives and constraints inherent in cultural currents and customary practices. Informal practices may be based not simply on cultural forces, though, but expectations regularised by informal rules and sanctions, which may operate as informal institutions. One approach holds that informal institutions arise out of formal institutional voids. Another holds that informal institutions operate in response to situations in which formal institutions frustrate the interests of individuals and groups who engage informal institutions to augment, compromise, or subvert formal institutions. After developing the concept of informal institution, the article goes on to indicate how an informal relationship pervasive in modern China, guanxi, may be understood as an informal institution. It is shown that by drawing on the case of guanxi the scope of the concept informal institution can be extended and also that our understanding of guanxi is enriched when the concept of informal institution is applied to its analysis.
Documentation dynamics: Note composition, burden, and physician efficiency
Authors: Apathy Nate C. , Rotenstein Lisa , Bates David W. , Holmgren A. Jay 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze how physician clinical note length and composition relate to electronic health record (EHR)‐based measures of burden and efficiency that have been tied to burnout.Data Sources and Study SettingSecondary EHR use metadata capturing physician‐level measures from 203,728 US‐based ambulatory physicians using the Epic Systems EHR between September 2020 and May 2021.Study DesignIn this cross‐sectional study, we analyzed physician clinical note length and note composition (e.g., content from manual or templated text). Our primary outcomes were three time‐based measures of EHR burden (time writing EHR notes, time in the EHR after‐hours, and EHR time on unscheduled days), and one measure of efficiency (percent of visits closed in the same day). We used multivariate regression to estimate the relationship between our outcomes and note length and composition.Data ExtractionPhysician‐week measures of EHR usage were extracted from Epic's Signal platform used for measuring provider EHR efficiency. We calculated physician‐level averages for our measures of interest and assigned physicians to overall note length deciles and note composition deciles from six sources, including templated text, manual text, and copy/paste text.Principal FindingsPhysicians in the top decile of note length demonstrated greater burden and lower efficiency than the median physician, spending 39% more time in the EHR after hours (p < 0.001) and closing 5.6 percentage points fewer visits on the same day (p < 0.001). Copy/paste demonstrated a similar dose/response relationship, with top‐decile copy/paste users closing 6.8 percentage points fewer visits on the same day (p < 0.001) and spending more time in the EHR after hours and on days off (both p < 0.001). Templated text (e.g., Epic's SmartTools) demonstrated a non‐linear relationship with burden and efficiency, with very low and very high levels of use associated with increased EHR burden and decreased efficiency.Conclusions“Efficiency tools” like copy/paste and templated text meant to reduce documentation burden and increase provider efficiency may have limited efficacy.
What can be done to improve diagnosis of aortic dissection?
Authors: Kelly Anne‐Maree , Lee Xiu Qing , Curran Justin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAortic dissection (AD) is rare. Missed AD is a common reason for coronial investigations and civil claims for medical negligence. Recommendations include improved education, supervision and information transfer, reminders in chest pain pathways and higher rates of investigation for AD. Higher investigation rates pose risks to patients and the health system which may not be in balance with the likelihood of AD. The appropriate diagnostic yield of investigation to balance risk and benefit has not been defined. The AD detection risk score pathway has been proposed as a useful diagnostic tool but concerns about its derivation, validation and utility remain. In this paper, we try to draw together published literature and local audit data to develop recommendations about what might be done to reduce the number of missed AD cases in EDs and what the impact of higher investigation rates might be.
The host niches of soybean rather than genetic modification or glyphosate application drive the assembly of root‐associated microbial communities
Authors: Yang Minkai , Luo Fuhe , Song Yuchen , Ma Shenglin , Ma Yudi , Fazal Aliya , Yin Tongming , Lu Guihua , Sun Shucun , Qi Jinliang , Wen Zhongling , Li Yongchun , Yang Yonghua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlant roots significantly influence soil microbial diversity, and soil microorganisms play significant roles in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Although the genetically modified (GM) crops with enhanced insect and herbicide resistance are thought to have unmatched yield and stress resistance advantages, thorough and in‐depth case studies still need to be carried out in a real‐world setting due to the potential effects of GM plants on soil microbial communities. In this study, three treatments were used: a recipient soybean variety Jack, a triple transgenic soybean line JD321, and the glyphosate‐treated JD321 (JD321G). Three sampling stages (flowering, seed filling and maturing), as well as three host niches of soybean rhizosphere [intact roots (RT), rhizospheric soil (RS) and surrounding soil (SS)] were established. In comparison to Jack, the rhizospheric soil of JD321G had higher urease activity and lower nitrite reductase at the flowering stage. Different treatments and different sampling stages existed no significant effects on the compositions of microbial communities at different taxonomic levels. However, at the genus level, the relative abundance of three plant growth‐promoting fungal genera (i.e. Mortierella, Chaetomium and Pseudombrophila) increased while endophytic bacteria Chryseobacterium and pathogenic bacteria Streptomyces decreased from the inside to the outside of the roots (i.e. RT → RS → SS). Moreover, two bacterial genera, Bradyrhizobium and Ensifer were more abundant in RT than in RS and SS, as well as three species, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Ensifer fredii and Ensifer meliloti, which are closely related to nitrogen‐fixation. Furthermore, five clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) associated to nitrogen‐fixation genes were higher in RT than in RS, whereas only one COG annotated as dinitrogenase iron‐molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein was lower. Overall, the results imply that the rhizosphere host niches throughout the soil–plant continuum largely control the composition and function of the root‐associated microbiome of triple transgenic soybean.
Using cloud radar to investigate the effect of rainfall on migratory insect flight
Authors: Wainwright Charlotte E. , Volponi Sabrina N. , Stepanian Phillip M. , Reynolds Don R. , Richter David H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The fate of migrating insects that encounter rainfall in flight is a critical consideration when modelling insect movement, but few field observations of this common phenomenon have ever been collected due to the logistical challenges of witnessing these encounters. Operational cloud radars have been deployed around the world by meteorological agencies to study precipitation physics, and as a byproduct, provide a rich database of insect observations that is freely available to researchers. Although considered unwanted ‘clutter’ by the meteorologists who collect the data, the analysis method presented here enables ecologists to delineate co‐occurring signals from insects and raindrops.

We present a method that uses image processing techniques on cloud radar velocity spectra to examine the fate of migrating insects when they encounter precipitation. By analysing velocity spectra, we can distinguish flying insects from falling rain and compare the relative density of insects in flight before, during and after the rainfall. We demonstrate the method on a case of insect migration in Oklahoma, USA.

Using this method, we show the first reconstructed images of migrating insect layers in flight during rainfall. Our analysis shows that mild to moderate rainfall diminishes the number of insects aloft but does not cause full termination of migratory flight, as has previously been suggested.

We hope this technique will spur further investigations of how changing weather conditions impact insect migration, and enable some of the first of such studies in regions of the world that are underrepresented in the literature.
The “Environment Making State” and Climate Change: The French “Cat Nat” Reinsurance Scheme Under Strain
Authors: Keucheyan Razmig 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn 2012, SCOR, one of the world's largest reinsurers, sued the French state, challenging a public–private natural disaster insurance scheme, called the “cat nat” regime. It campaigned in favour of a “real” natural disaster insurance market. The purpose of this paper is to grasp the logic of this litigation. It reveals growing tensions regarding the insurance of natural disasters, against the backdrop of climate change. To make sense of this, we will build on Christian Parenti's theory of the “environment making state”. This approach aims at understanding the interaction between capitalism, states, and nature. The question we will pose is: what happens to “environment making” institutions in times of crisis? Crisis leads to the “politicisation” of “environment making”: decisions concerning the management of natural hazards are increasingly taken by the executive branch. This “politicisation” may represent an important evolution in the relationship between capitalism, states, and nature in the future.
Clinical efficacy of renal dosing adjustments of ceftazidime–avibactam in patients affected by carbapenem‐resistant Gram‐negative infections: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Gatti Milo , Fornaro Giacomo , Viale Pierluigi , Pea Federico , Giannella Maddalena 
Published: November 2022

AimsThe aim of this study is to assess clinical efficacy of ceftazidime–avibactam for the management of carbapenem‐resistant Gram‐negative infections in renal patients receiving recommended dosing adjustments compared to those treated with scheduled full‐dose.MethodsTwo authors independently searched PubMed‐MEDLINE and Scopus database from inception to 31 December 2021, to retrieve randomized controlled trials or observational studies comparing clinical efficacy of ceftazidime–avibactam in patients affected by carbapenem‐resistant Gram‐negative infections receiving recommended renal dosing adjustments compared to those treated with scheduled full‐dose. Data were independently extracted by the 2 authors, and the quality of included studies was independently assessed according to ROBINS‐I tool for observational studies. Mortality rate was selected as primary outcome. Meta‐analysis was conducted by including only studies at low or moderate risk of bias providing adjustment for confounders.ResultsIn total, 1794 articles were screened, and 11 observational studies (1 prospective and 10 retrospective) were included. Serious or critical risk of bias was found in 4 studies, while the other 7 were classified at moderate risk of bias and included in the meta‐analysis. Renal dosing adjustments of ceftazidime–avibactam were associated with higher risk of mortality (odds ratio 1.79; 95% confidence interval 1.18–2.72).ConclusionRenal dosing adjustment of ceftazidime–avibactam seems to be associated with a higher risk of mortality in patients affected by carbapenem‐resistant Gram‐negative infections. However, residual confounder associated with baseline conditions cannot be excluded. Further prospective studies including larger samples are warranted to definitively address this unmet clinical need.
Teachers' daily physiological stress and positive affect in relation to their general occupational well‐being
Authors: Jõgi Anna‐Liisa , Aulén Anna‐Mari , Pakarinen Eija , Lerkkanen Marja‐Kristiina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTeachers' stress, affect and general occupational well‐being influence their teaching and their students. However, how teachers' daily physiological stress and positive affect are related in the classroom is unknown. To reduce teachers' stress and enhance their positive affect, it is crucial to understand how occupational well‐being relates to stress and affect.AimThe aim of the study was to examine the relationships between teachers' daily physiological stress and positive affect in authentic classroom settings and the roles played by teachers' self‐efficacy beliefs, perceptions of school climate and burnout symptoms in daily stress and affect.SampleThe sample consisted of 45 classroom teachers.MethodDaily physiological stress was assessed by measuring salivary cortisol levels three times in two days. Positive affect was reported by experience sampling at the same time that cortisol was collected. Questionnaires were used to assess self‐efficacy beliefs, perceptions of school climate and burnout symptoms. Three‐level modelling with random intercepts and slopes was used to analyse the relationships between daily stress and affect and the effect of teachers' general occupational well‐being on stress and affect.ResultsNo relationships were evident between teachers' physiological stress and positive affect or between daily changes of stress and affect. Self‐efficacy beliefs were related to lower stress and higher affect in the middle of the school day. Having sufficient school resources were related to higher positive affect. Teachers' burnout symptoms were associated with lower positive affect.ConclusionsWe emphasize the potential for self‐efficacy and perceptions of school resources as targets for intervening in teachers' stress and affect.
Digging into the HLA pockets: A new association with acute leukaemias
Authors: Gurnari Carmelo , Pagliuca Simona 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAcute leukaemias represent a highly heterogeneous group of clonal proliferations of myeloid or lymphoid blasts. In the last decade, the contribution of immunogenetics to cancer biology has elicited a renewed interest in the structures of immune adaptive responses, due to the growing body of evidence concerning their involvement into disease pathogenesis and treatment. The report by Boukouaci and colleagues suggests new associations between patterns of distribution of specific human leukocyte antigen motifs and leukaemogenesis.Commentary on Boukouaci Wahid et al. Comparative analysis of the variability of the HLA peptide‐binding pockets in patients with acute leukemias” Br J Haematol 2023;200:203‐215.
Higher than normal mitochondrial DNA content associated with better outcome in acute promyelocytic leukaemia? Maybe
Authors: Wiernik Peter H. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryMitochondrial biology may influence the outcome of therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia if arsenic trioxide is not part of the treatment. Inclusion of arsenic trioxide in the treatment regimen may cancel the adverse impact of certain mitochondrial abnormalities frequently associated with the disease.Commentary on: Pereira‐Martins et al. Clinical significance of mitochondrial DNA content in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2023;200:170‐174.