bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literature review of imaging, pathological diagnosis, and outcomes of metachronous lung and pancreatic metastasis of cecal cancer
Authors: Wu Xiang , Zhou Shuping , Zhou Xinhua , Xu Xiao , Wang Luoluo , Ruan Yi , Lu Jun , Li Haili , Xu Hongfeng , Ma Xinyi , Li Hong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The common sites of colorectal cancer metastasis are the surrounding lymph nodes, liver, and lung, while ectopic metastases of the lung and pancreas are extremely rare. Here, we report a case of colorectal cancer with lung and pancreatic metastasis and analyze the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to generate a differential diagnosis and treatment of metastatic colon cancer.Case presentation: A 78-year-old man was admitted because of a recently elevated carcinoembryonic antigen. This patient had undergone laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for cecal cancer IIA (T3N0M0) 5 years before admission and thoracoscopic left upper lung wedge resection for primary colon cancer lung metastasis 2 years before admission. Enhanced computed tomography revealed pancreatic metastasis. A laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (combined with splenectomy) was performed. Postoperative pathology revealed colon cancer metastasis. We performed NGS on tumor samples at three loci and found colon cancer's most common oncogenic driver genes (KRAS, APC, and TP53). One month after surgery, the patient was given capecitabine for six cycles of chemotherapy. At present, no high adverse reactions have been reported.Discussion: For patients with pancreatic space-occupying, such as a previous history of colorectal cancer, and recent carcinoembryonic antigen elevation, we should highly suspect pancreatic metastatic colorectal cancer. Computed tomography and pathological histology have an excellent diagnostic value for pancreatic metastasis. NGS is an essential auxiliary for identifying metastatic tumors. Surgery combined with postoperative chemotherapy is an effective treatment.
Functional Exploration of SNP Mutations in HIF2αb Gene Correlated with Hypoxia Tolerance in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)
Authors: Zhao Shan-Shan , Su Xiao-Lei , Yang Hui-Qi , Zheng Guo-Dong , Zou Shu-Ming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) is sensitive to hypoxia environment. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the most critical factor in HIF pathway, which strictly regulates the hypoxia stress process of fish. In this study, we found six hifα genes in blunt snout bream that demonstrated different expression under hypoxia conditions. In HEK293T cells, all six hifαs were detected to activate HRE region by luciferase reporter assay. More importantly, we identified two linkage-disequilibrium SNP sites at exon 203 and 752 of hif2αb gene in blunt snout bream. Haplotype II (A203A752) and its homozygous diplotype II (A203A203A752A752) appeared frequently in a selected strain of blunt snout bream with hypoxia-tolerance. Diplotype II has a lower oxygen tension threshold for loss of equilibrium (LOEcrit) over a similar range of temperatures. Moreover, its erythrocyte number increased significantly (p < 0.05) than those in diplotype I and diplotype III strains at 48 h of hypoxia. The enzymes related with hypoxia tolerant traits, i.e. reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase, were also significantly (p < 0.05) induced in diplotype II than those in diplotype I or III. In addition, the expression of epo in the liver of diplotype II was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those in the diplotype I or III strains at 48 h of hypoxia. Taken together, our results found that the hypoxia-tolerant related diplotype II of hif2αb has the potential used as a molecular marker in future genetic breeding of hypoxia-tolerant strain.
The multifunctionality of green corridors during pandemic lockdowns: a case study of Riobamba city, Ecuador
Authors: Morales Janeth , Yang QingJuan , Poyan Sayed Mustafa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Context:
The pandemic has demonstrated several weaknesses and inequalities in the way society live and develops within cities, the economic losses, the massive contagions, and above all the lack of control and people's lack of awareness of the situation.
Objectives:
This study tries to attempt, city lacking in green spaces, towards a city with green and sustainable planning, and the association between urban greenery and physical activity during the Covid-19, as well as proposing urban green corridors as a planning tool for urban green areas.
Methods:
The research method was applied Bibliographic analysis which focuses on the importance of green areas, health, wellbeing, and multifunctional, and City analysis based on surveys to understand the residents' behavior during the pandemic.
Results:
Green and recreational spaces in Riobamba was exposed by all those who could not cope with the lockdown, since only 8% of those surveyed stayed at home, while 70% left their homes for green or recreational spaces within the urban area and 23% left the city in search of parks or nature reserves. This shows, how the quality of green areas can positively affect people’s behaviors during the Covid-19. The diagnosis, highlighted the preservation of natural areas, urban reforestation, re-naturalization of spaces or urban voids.
Conclusions:
The urban green corridor is conceived as a system where several spaces are connected, creating two interactions: the first is how the city can provide the necessary infrastructure during a crisis, and the second is how it energizes and prioritizes the health and supply systems for urban residents, creating safe spaces for each of the city's sectors.
Survival Status and its predictors among Patients Admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at Selected Tertiary Care Hospitals in Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Bacha Amente Jorise , Gadisa Diriba Alemayehu , Negera Getandale Zeleke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Advances in pediatric intensive care have radically improved the prognosis for critically sick patients. Despite high burden of critically ill patients in low-income countries, there is scarce evidence on the incidence of mortality and its predictors among patients admitted to Intensive care unit (ICU) in Ethiopia. Therefore, we designed this study to determine the survival status and predictors of mortality among patients admitted to pediatric ICU at selected tertiary care hospitals in Ethiopia.Methods: A prospective observational study involving 206 admitted patients from October 2020 to May 30, 2021 was conducted in selected tertiary care hospital in Ethiopia. Data were collected on socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, treatment-related variables and entered into Epi-data version 4.6, and then exported to SPSS version 23.0 for analysis. Kaplan-Meier was used to compare the survival experience of the patients and Cox regression was used to identify independent predictors of in-ICU mortality. The hazard ratio was used as a measure of the strength of association and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance. Results: Fifty-nine (28.6%) patients were died during follow-up time, and the incidence of mortality was 3.6 deaths per 100 person-day observation. The mean ± SD survival times among patients with infectious and non-infectious related illnesses were 19.96 ± 1.84 and 27.24 ± 2.52 days respectively (log rank p = 0.08). Respiratory failure 19 (32.2%) was the commonest cause of death. In-ICU complications (AHR: 2.13; 95%CI: [1.02, 4.42]; p = 0.04), sepsis diagnosis (AHR: 2.43; 95%CI: [1.24, 4.78]; p = 0.01), GCS<8 (AHR: 1.96; 95%CI: [1.12, 3.43]; p = 0.02), use of sedative drugs (AHR: 2.40; 95%CI: [1.16, 4.95]; p = 0.02) were linked with increased risk of in-ICU mortality. In contrast, the use of mechanical ventilation was associated with decreased mortality (AHR: 0.45; 95%CI: [0.21, 0.92]; p = 0.03).Conclusion: The study found high incidence of in-ICU mortality among admitted pediatrics patients in selected Ethiopian tertiary care hospitals. In-ICU complications, sepsis diagnosis, GCS<8, and patient use of sedative drugs were independent predictors of in-ICU mortality. Prudent follow up is warranted for those patients with aforementioned risk factors.
Expanding the CRISPR/Cas genome-editing scope in Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Shi Zhaoying , Jiang Hao , Liu Guanghui , Shi Songyuan , Zhang Xuan , Chen Yonglong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The true diploid frog, Xenopus tropicalis (X. tropicalis) is an excellent genetic model organism. To date, the CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing methods established in this species are mostly based on SpCas9 that requires the stringent NGG protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) for target recognition, which limits its genome editing scope. Thus, it is highly desirable to circumvent this limitation.Results: Through one-cell stage injection of Cas/gRNAs into X. tropicalis embryos, we evaluated the mutagenic efficiency of 8 different Cas variants using T7EI assay, Sanger DNA sequencing, or deep sequencing. Our data indicate that SaCas9 and KKH SaCas9 are highly effective in frogs, which could be used for direct phenotyping in G0 embryos. In contrast, VQR Cas9, xCas9 3.7, SpG Cas9, and SpRY Cas9 were ineffective in X. tropicalis embryos and no activity was detected for iSpyMac Cas9. We also found that LbCas12a/crRNA RNP complexes with paired crRNAs efficiently induced small fragment deletions in X. tropicalis embryos. Conclusion: SaCas9 and KKH SaCas9 are robust gene targeting tools in X. tropicalis embryos. LbCas12a/crRNA RNP complexes are useful for inducing DNA fragment deletions in frog embryos. These tools expand the CRISPR/Cas genome editing scope in X. tropicalis and increase the flexibility for various genome editing applications in frogs.
Computer-aided Diagnosis through Medical Image Retrieval in Radiology
Authors: Silva Wilson , Gonçalves Tiago , Härmä Kirsi , Schröder Erich , Obmann Verena Carola , Barroso María Cecilia , Poellinger Alexander , Reyes Mauricio , Cardoso Jaime S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Currently, radiologists face an excessive workload, which leads to high levels of fatigue, and consequently, to undesired diagnosis mistakes. Decision support systems can be used to prioritize and help radiologists making quicker decisions. In this sense, medical content-based image retrieval systems can be of extreme utility by providing well-curated similar examples. Nonetheless, most medical content-based image retrieval systems work by finding the most similar image, which is not equivalent to finding the most similar image in terms of disease and its severity. Here, we propose an interpretability-driven and an attention-driven medical image retrieval system. We conducted experiments in a large and publicly available dataset of chest radiographs with structured labels derived from free-text radiology reports (MIMIC-CXR-JPG). We evaluated the methods on two common conditions: pleural effusion and (potential) pneumonia. As ground-truth to perform the evaluation, query/test and catalogue images were classified and ordered by an experienced board-certified radiologist. For a profound and complete evaluation, additional radiologists also provided their rankings, which allowed us to infer inter-rater variability, and yield qualitative performance levels. Based on our ground-truth ranking, we also quantitatively evaluated the proposed approaches by computing the normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (nDCG). We found that the Interpretability-guided approach outperforms the other state-of-the-art approaches and shows the best agreement with the most experienced radiologist. Furthermore, its performance lies within the observed inter-rater variability.
Incidence and Risk factors of Venous Thromboembolism in the Perioperative Period of Spine Surgery at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Konbaz Faisal , Bourghli Anouar , Eissa Sami Al , Helal Fahad Al , Abalkhail Majed , Tahan Husam Al , Farraj Abdulrahman Al , Jafari Salman Al , Dusari Rakan Al 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction:Spine Surgery is considered a moderate risk for developing Venous Thromboembolism (VTE). To our knowledge, no study has been done to determine the incidence of VTE in our local population. We aim to study this and determine the factors associated with developing VTE post spine surgery. Material and Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted to analyze 892 adult patients who underwent either an elective or emergency spine surgery. Demographics, length of surgery and hospital stay, diagnosis, and location of surgery in addition to the type of trauma, if applicable, were collected. Furthermore, spiral computed tomography was used to diagnose pulmonary embolism (PE), and duplex ultrasound was used to diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT) pre- and post-operatively. Results:800 patients were included. The overall incidence of VTE was 4.1%. In addition, Lumbar spine was the most common location operated on. Increasing age and length of hospital stay were both significantly associated with development of VTE. Furthermore, cervical spine surgery had a lower incidence of VTE compared to other locations which was statistically significant. Lastly, non-ambulatory patients had a higher risk of having VTE compared to patient who were able to ambulate post-operatively. Conclusion:The incidence of VTE after spine surgery is considered low but carries high rates of morbidity and mortality. Increased age and prolonged hospital stay increases its risk while early ambulation lowers it. Larger prospective study is needed to identify the best prophylactic anticoagulation regimen. Prophylactic measures against VTE are highly recommended, especially amongst high-risk patients. IRB approval:This study has been submitted and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB).
Research on the distribution ratio of variants and the proportion of variant types in different conditions of SCN1A Seizure Disorders using ClinVar
Authors: Tian Yuan , Cui Shihong , Ren Chenchen , Li Ying , Zhang Hua , Yang Bo , Peng Jia , Yuan Erfeng , Guo Yaqing , Yuan Enwu , Liu Ling 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution of SCN1A variants in each condition of SCN1A seizure disorders and the proportion of the SCN1A variant types in different conditions of SCN1A seizure disorders.This study consisted of querying SCN1A variants in ClinVar, reclassificating ClinVar P/LP SCN1A missense variants provided by a singgle submitter, validating conditions of SCN1A Seisure Disorders by reclassification of P/LP variants and screening variant types of conditions of SCN1A Seisure Disorders by validation.The result showed that most of the P/LP SCN1A missense variants provided by a single submitter in ClinVar remained at the P/LP level (247/383), and a few variants were converted from P/LP to VUS (136/383). The condition "Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression bursts" shown in ClinVar was actually all other conditons, such as Dravet syndrome/Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy(DS/SMEI)(69/89) and Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus/Borderline severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy(GEFS+/SMEB) (3/89). Both in missense and trunction, DS/SMEI-related SCN1A variants had the highest proportion (291/371, 78.4%),and there were still quite a few some SCN1A variants are associated with other conditions such as GEFS+, FMH, DEE, Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome and Intractable childhood epilepsy with generlaized tonic-clonic seizures (80/371, 21.6%).This provided data support for clinicians to grasp the severity of epilepsy caused by these SCN1A variants.
Identification and validation of WsMYB34 transcription factor for salt tolerance and induced secondary metabolism in Withania somnifera
Authors: Sharma Lakee , Maurya Bipin , Pandey Saurabh , Rai Krishna Kumar , Pandey-Rai Shashi Pandey 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the present study, we have identified a R2R3 type MYB protein from Withania somnifera, i.e., MYB34 (WsMYB34), known for plant development and stress tolerance. MYB transcription factors (MYB TF) have been widely implicated in conferring biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in medicinal plants. To validate this notion, we have analyzed the impact of different concentrations of NaCl on Withania somnifera and the potential of MYB protein in affecting the growth and development by acting as TFs in regulating the expression of defence-related genes and secondary metabolites. Since structural and functional characteristics of MYB TF in W. somnifera remains largely unknown, in-silico analysis was exploited to understand conserved binding motifs, phylogeny, 3-D structure, and role in regulating stress-responsive genes. Based on the domain analysis and phylogenetic assessment, WsMYB34 was found to be a R2R3 type MYB protein, which is phylogenetically closer to Solanum pennellii. In addition, interaction analysis depicted the binding capacity of WsMYB34 protein on the promoter region of a triterpenoid synthesising gene viz; CYP85A69 (having CAACTG cis-regulatory sequence). The comparative microarray analysis also offered the role of WsMYB34 in abiotic stress tolerance. Exposure to NaCl imposed increased withanolide and flavonoid contents and significantly up-regulated the expression of key genes for withanolide and WsMYB34 gene by 0.93–3.68 fold 2.61–3.47 fold respectively. The CYP85A9 gene was also induced by 3.47 fold at 150mM NaCl. In addition, NaCl also affected growth and biochemical behaviour of W. somnifera. Thus, these findings depicted the role of WsMYB34 protein in plant salt tolerance.
Effect of Diffusion Kinetics on the Ice Nucleation Temperature Distribution
Authors: Stratta Lorenzo , Arsiccio Andrea , Pisano Roberto 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The nucleation behavior of water is crucial in many fields, spanning meteorology, glaciology, biology, and astrophysics. We here report observations suggesting an effect of diffusion kinetics in water on the nucleation temperature distribution of ice. We performed differential scanning calorimetry analyses of repeated freeze/thaw cycles and investigated the effect of several variables on the regularity of the distributions obtained. We intriguingly observed that the thawing temperature and residence time above 0°C affect the width of the measured distributions. Specifically, conditions of enhanced diffusion translated into broader, more scattered distributions, while conditions of limited diffusion translated into narrower, more regular distributions. We propose a theoretical explanation centered on the temperature dependence of diffusion kinetics in water based on our experimental findings.
Identification and Validation of HEPACAM family member 2 is Correlated with Immune Infiltration as a Prognostic Biomarker in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Shuai , Ruan Guo-Tian , Xu Sheng , Zhu Zhou , Qing Yan , He Chun-Gang , Kong Fan-Biao , Dong Chen-Cheng , Lin Jia-Wei , Zhang Xiang-Cheng , Zhou Bing-Chuan , Gong Yi-Zhen , Liao Cun , Zhang Lei , Pang Li-Ming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Several studies give a superficial description that HEPACAM family member 2 (HEPACAM2) seems to be a prognostic biomarker in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). While, systematic and in-depth research about diagnostic and prognostic value of HEPACAM2 in COAD patients is lacked. Besides, relationship between HEPACAM2 gene expression levels and immune cell infiltration is unclear. Methods: Firstly, we analyzed the differential expression levels of HEPACAM2 gene and diagnostic value from different databases. Secondly, a cohort of Guangxi COAD patients was established to verify HEPACAM2 expression pattern and diagnostic value. Thirdly, univariate and multivariate survival analysis of the prognostic value of HEPACAM2 gene in patients with COAD was performed. We also utilized joint-effects analysis and comprehensive prognosis analysis to investigate the prognostic value of HEPACAM2 and related genes. Finally, we explored the relationship between HEPACAM2 gene expression levels and immune cell infiltration.Results: In several biological databases, HEPACAM2 mRNA expression level in COAD tumor tissues was significantly lower than that of adjacent normal tissues. The diagnostic ROC curve results indicated that HEPACAM2 gene had a high diagnostic value in COAD. The qPCR verification results in the Guangxi cohort showed that HEPACAM2 expression level in COAD tumor tissues was significantly lower than that of adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001), and the diagnostic value was high in COAD (AUC=0.892). The prognostic value analysis showed that low expression of HEPACAM2 gene had a poorer overall survival (OS) in COAD patients when compared with those with high expression ((P = 0.038, HR (95% CI) = 0.635(0.414-0.976)). Joint-effects analysis and comprehensive prognosis analysis showed that high expression of HEPACAM2 combined with high expression of CLCA1, high expression of REP15, and high expression of B3GNT6 were associated with a better overall survival of COAD.Conclusion: This study suggested that the HEPACAM2 may be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for COAD. Besides, HEPACAM2 was involved with immune response progress, Chemokine signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway and Hematopoietic cell lineage.
Oversharing by honey bees and the spread of viruses
Authors: Lamas Zachary , Ryabov Eugene , Hawthorne David , Evans Jay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Deformed wing virus (DWV) is an emerging insect pathogen efficiently transmitted through communicable and vector-borne routes with Apis mellifera. Continual transmission of DWV between hosts and vectors is required for maintenance of the pathogen within the population, and this vector-host-pathogen system offers unique disease transmission dynamics for pathogen maintenance between vector and a social host. In a series of experiments, we study how vector-vector, host-host and host-vector transmission routes maintain DWV in a honey bee population. We found co-infestations on shared hosts allowed for movement of DWV from mite to mite. Additionally, two social behaviors of the honeybee, trophallaxis and cannibalization of pupae, provide routes for communicable transmission from bee to bee. Communicable circulation of the virus solely amongst hosts was then shown to act as a reservoir of DWV for naïve Varroa to acquire and subsequently vector the pathogen. Our findings illustrate communicable transmission between hosts can maintain and influence the future acquisition and vectoring of a pathogen by a vector. There are a handful of other infectious diseases, both zoonotic and which impact human health, that have potentially similar transmission dynamics.