bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive sensorimotor training enhances nociceptive cortical responses in healthy individuals
Authors: Zamorano Anna M. , Kleber Boris , Arguissain Federico , Vuust Peter , Flor Herta , Graven‐Nielsen Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundProlonged and repeated sensorimotor training is a crucial driver for promoting use‐dependent plasticity, but also a main risk factor for developing musculoskeletal pain syndromes, yet the neural underpinnings that link repetitive movements to abnormal pain processing are unknown.MethodsTwenty healthy musicians, one of the best in vivo models to study use‐dependent plasticity, and 20 healthy non‐musicians were recruited. Perceptual thresholds, reaction times (RTs) and event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded using nociceptive intra‐epidermal and non‐nociceptive transcutaneous electrical stimulation.ResultsIn response to comparable stimulus intensities, musicians compared to non‐musicians showed larger non‐nociceptive N140 (associated with higher activation of regions within the salience network), higher nociceptive N200 ERPs (associated with higher activation of regions within the sensorimotor network) and faster RTs to both stimuli. Non‐musicians showed larger non‐nociceptive P200 ERP. Notably, a similar P200 component prominently emerged during nociceptive stimulation in non‐musicians. Across participants, larger N140 and N200 ERPs were associated with RTs, whereas the amount of daily practice in musicians explained non‐nociceptive P200 and nociceptive P300 ERPs.ConclusionsThese novel findings indicate that the mechanisms by which extensive sensorimotor training promotes use‐dependent plasticity in multisensory neural structures may also shape the neural signatures of nociceptive processing in healthy individuals.SignificanceRepetitive sensorimotor training may increase the responsiveness of nociceptive evoked potentials. These novel data highlight the importance of repetitive sensorimotor practice as a contributing factor to the interindividual variability of nociceptive‐related potentials.
A multi‐proxy study of Umbric Ferralsols genesis in a high‐mountain environment in Rio de Janeiro state
Authors: Pereira Marcos Gervasio , da Silva Rafael Cipriano , Pinheiro Junior Carlos Roberto , da Silva Neto Eduardo Carvalho , Fontana Ademir , Schiavo Jolimar Antonio , Carvalho Maranhão Deyvid Diego , de Azevedo Antônio Carlos , Pacheco Anderson Almeida 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe formation of strongly weathered soils of the tropics (Ferralsols) with high carbon stocks (thick A‐horizon/umbric horizon) is still not understood. In order to contribute to the understanding of the formation of Umbric Ferralsols, we studied these soils in the highlands of Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) from various perspectives. We analysed soil morphology, micromorphology, physical and chemical soil attributes, soil phytolith assemblages, and δ13C isotopic composition in a multi‐proxy study. The profiles presented ferralic horizons with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (ki index) < 1.0, low silt/clay ratio values, predominance of kaolinite and presence of gibbsite, and low cation exchange capacity. These characteristics indicate a high degree of weathering and ferralitization. The isotopic and phytolithic variations indicate climatic modifications during the Late Holocene (approximately 2300 years ago), with a predominance of mixed vegetation composed of plants of the C3 and C4 photosynthetic cycles. This condition favoured the accumulation of organic matter in the Umbric Ferralsols. The accumulation of organic matter in subsurface B horizons occurred under drier past climatic conditions in a savanna environment, which may have favoured the occurrence of fires, thereby explaining the charcoal fragments identified in the micromorphological analyses. In contrast, the development of the umbric horizon in the profiles was favoured under wetter environmental conditions than the present environmental conditions, and favoured the development of vegetation and intense accumulation of organic material on the surface and at depths close to 100 cm. The pedogenesis of umbric horizons in Ferralsols reinforces the importance of bioturbation in the incorporation of organic matter, intensifying the humification and resulting in a strong darkening of the soil (melanization).
Evaluation of rheological and optical properties plus stability of beverage cloud emulsions prepared with corn oil, gum rosin, and modified starch
Authors: Nasrolahi Soghra , Sadeghizadeh‐Yazdi Jalal , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Madadizadeh Farzan , Khalili Elham 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRheological and optical properties as well as stability of beverage cloud emulsion prepared with corn oil, gum rosin (EG), and modified starch were evaluated in model juices. The emulsions were prepared with three levels of modified starch (6%, 12%, and 18% w/w), corn oil (5%, 7%, and 9% w/w), and gum rosin (1%, 3%, and 5% w/w). Experiments were designed using the Box–Behnken design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the significance of the experimental factors and the factors were then optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The stability of emulsions was measured through ring formation in both the primary emulsion and the model beverage as a function of storage time. Also, the effect of heat treatment was examined on the stability of emulsions in model beverages. The results revealed that heat treatment did not cause the formation of an observable ring in the model juice containing stabilized starch emulsion. Rheological examinations of the stable emulsion samples showed a pseudoplastic and time‐independent non‐Newtonian behavior. The optimum emulsion sample consistency coefficient was 0.46 Pa.sn and the flow behavior index was 0.88. The apparent viscosity of the optimum emulsion sample based on Herschel–Bulkley model at shear rate of 100 s−1 was 0.0439 Pa.s. The results indicated that the concentration of modified starch, gum rosin, and corn oil has a significant effect on the stability and creaminess of the emulsion. In general, with an increase in the percentage of modified starch, the stability rises while the rate of creaminess decreases (p < 0.05). Furthermore, elevation of the concentration of corn oil had a significant effect on the opacity of emulsions and the final product (p < 0.05).
Petrogenesis of mantle peridotites in Neo‐Tethyan ophiolites from the Eastern Himalaya and Indo‐Myanmar Orogenic Belt in the geo‐tectonic framework of Southeast Asia
Authors: Singh Athokpam Krishnakanta , Chung Sun‐Lin , Somerville Ian D. 
Published: November 2022

The Neo‐Tethyan ophiolites of the Tuting‐Tidding Suture Zone (TTSZ), Eastern Himalaya (viz., Tidding Ophiolite Complex and Mayodia Ophiolite Complex) and Indo‐Myanmar Orogenic Belt (IMOB, i.e., Nagaland Ophiolite Complex and Manipur Ophiolite Complex) which lie along the southern extension of the Indus‐Tsangpo Suture Zone have been collectively investigated through the mantle‐derived peridotite sequence. The peridotites (harzburgite and dunites) in the Eastern Himalaya ophiolites are refractory, constrained by the high Fo olivine content (~95), high Cr# [Cr/(Cr + Al)] (0.90–0.99), as well as by the parental melt composition of Cr‐spinels (Al2O3 melt = 3.05–7.55 wt%, FeO/MgO = 0.69–6.46). They have slightly “U‐shaped” chondrite‐normalized Rare Earth Elements (REE) patterns with slight enrichment in Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) relative to the patterns expected for residues of partial melting, thereby indicating a reaction with the LREE‐enriched melt. These peridotites represent residual portions of a depleted/enriched mantle that underwent partial melting up to 23% in the nascent forearc of an intra‐oceanic subduction zone, and later metasomatized by high‐temperature silicate melts and low‐temperature hydrous fluids. They are composed of a very refractory olivine‐spinel assemblage (Fo: 91.68–96.44; Cr#: 0.90–0.99), corroborating a boninitic parentage, with influence from melt‐rock interactions. In the case of the IMOB ophiolites, a wide range of chemical compositions is observed in the mantle sequence. Lherzolites display low Cr# (0.12–0.26) and TiO2 (<0.11) associated with high Mg# [Mg/(Mg + Fet)] (0.69–0.76) in the Cr‐spinels present in them. They represent the residual product of a fertile mantle that underwent low‐degree partial melting (2%–10%) in a divergent mid‐ocean ridge (MOR) tectonic setting. On the other hand, the harzburgites and dunites of the IMOB have high Cr# (0.84–0.90) and low TiO2 (<0.06 wt%) Cr‐spinels and exhibit slightly U‐shaped REE distributions indicating their derivation from a highly depleted mantle source, which experienced higher degree partial melting (17%–24%) similar to those of supra‐subduction zone (SSZ) harzburgites and dunites of the TTSZ peridotites. The occurrence of both MOR and SSZ types of melting regimes indicates that the peridotites in the IMOB ophiolites formed at two major different stages of the pre‐subduction and subduction events, respectively. However, the peridotites of Eastern Himalaya ophiolites were formed only during subduction tectonics. Thus, we argue that the mantle peridotites in the ophiolites of northeast India evolved from lherzolite through clinopyroxene‐harzburgite and harzburgite then to highly refractory dunite, supporting multistage melting and melt‐rock reaction processes during their generation.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new heterocycles bearing both silicon and phosphorus as potent MMP‐2 inhibitors
Authors: El‐Hussieny Marwa , Mansour Shaimaa T. , Hashem Ahmed I. , Fouad Marwa A. , Abd‐El‐Maksoud Mansoura A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) attracted medicinal chemists as they are biological targets that are involved in various pathophysiological processes such as extracellular matrix protein degradation, cell‐surface receptor release and cleavage, tumor growth, homeostatic control, and innate immunity. New heterocycles, bearing both silicon and phosphorus in their molecular structures, were successfully produced via reacting silylated isocyanates and/or isothiocyanates with appropriate phosphorus ylides. Reacting nucleophilic phosphacumulenes (2,6) with isocyanate 1 and isothiocyanate 9 yielded four‐membered ring heterocycles containing phosphorus and silicon (4 and 11) and six‐membered rings heterocycles (5, 8 and 12). Moreover, novel heterocycles containing two phosphorus atoms and one silicon atom were produced by the reaction of diphosphorane 13 with 1 or 9. On the other side, four‐membered (23, 26 and 29a) and six‐membered heterocyclic derivatives (20b and 29b) containing two phosphorus atoms in their structures were also obtained from the reaction of phosphallene ylide 13 and substrates (18, 21, 24 and 27). All the final compounds were tested for their MMP‐2 inhibitor activity showing IC50 values in the range of 0.0408–0.4985 μM. The thiolactam derivative 11 and the azaphosphetidin‐4‐one derivative 15, both bearing silicon and phosphorous, showed the highest activity with IC50 values of 0.0408 and 0.0693 μM, respectively, both are significantly higher than that of quercetin (IC50 = 0.1631 μM). Docking simulations were carried out for the most two active compounds 11 and 15 in the vicinity of the active site of MMP‐2 enzyme and both formed coordinate bonds with the zinc cation key interaction for MMP‐2 enzyme. In conclusion, compounds 11 and 15 can be considered as potential MMP‐2 inhibitors and can be subjected to further studies as antimetastatic agents.
Treatment outcomes and costs of a simplified antiretroviral treatment strategy for hepatitis C among Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immuno deficiency Virus co‐infected patients in Ukraine
Authors: Antoniak Sergie , Chasela Charles S , Freiman Morgan Julie , Stopolianska Yulia , Barnard Tetiana , Gandhi Malini M , Liulchuk Maria , Tsenilova Zhanna , Viktor Tretiakov , Dible Jeri , Wose Kinge Constance , Akpan Francis , Minior Thomas , Sigwebela Ntombi , Mohamed Sofiane , Barralon Matthiue , Marange Fadzai , Cavenaugh Clint , Horst Charles Vander , Antonyak Svitlana , Xulu Thembisile , Chew Kara W , Sanne Ian , Rosen Sydney ,   for EQUIP Health
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimTo demonstrate the use of a standard dose of ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF), with or without ribavirin, to treat hepatitis C and hepatitis C/HIV co‐infection in Ukraine.MethodsEligible HCV viraemic adults from two clinics in Kyiv were treated with LDV/SOF with or without weight‐based ribavirin for 12 weeks. Clinical assessments were performed at screening and at week 24, and as needed; treatment was dispensed every 4 weeks. The primary outcome was sustained virologic response (SVR) 12 weeks after treatment, with analysis by intention to treat. Cost per patient was estimated in USD (2018) over the 24‐week period.ResultsOf 868 patients included in the study and initiated on therapy, 482 (55.5%) were co‐infected with HIV. The common genotypes were 1 (74.1%) and 3 (22%). Overall, SVR was achieved in 831 of the 868 patients (95.7%). SVR in patients with hepatitis C alone and hepatitis C/HIV co‐infection was 98.4% and 93.6%, respectively. Adverse events were infrequent and usually mild. Using generic medication, cost per patient was estimated at US$680.ConclusionA standard dose of LDV and SOF, with ribavirin as per protocol, resulted in good outcomes for patients with both hepatitis C alone and co‐infected with hepatitis C/HIV. Program costs in Ukraine were modest using generic medication.
The impact of prevention‐effective PrEP use on HIV incidence: a mathematical modelling study
Authors: Roberts D. Allen , Bridenbecker Daniel , Haberer Jessica E. , Barnabas Ruanne V. , Akullian Adam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionModels that project the impact and cost‐effectiveness of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) must specify how PrEP use aligns with HIV exposure. We hypothesized that varying PrEP use according to individual‐level partnership dynamics rather than prioritization to population subgroups based on average risk will result in larger incidence reductions and greater efficiency.MethodsWe used an individual‐based network transmission model calibrated to HIV dynamics in Eswatini to simulate PrEP use among individuals ages 15–34 between 2022 and 2031 under two paradigms of PrEP delivery: “Risk Group” and “Partnership.” In the “Risk Group” paradigm, we varied PrEP coverage by risk groups (low, medium and high) defined by average partnership frequency and concurrency. In the “Partnership” paradigm, all individuals are potentially eligible for PrEP, but we assumed use occurs only during partnerships and varied prioritization by partner HIV status (no prioritization to high prioritization with HIV‐positive partners). We calculated person‐time on PrEP and incidence relative to a no PrEP scenario and estimated efficiency as the person‐years of PrEP needed to avert one additional infection (NNT).ResultsIn the Risk Group paradigm, restricting PrEP to the high‐risk group was the most efficient (NNT = 17), but the number of infections averted was limited by the small size of the high‐risk group. Expanding PrEP use to all risk groups averted up to three times more infections but with lower efficiency (NNT = 202). PrEP use under the Partnership paradigm was 2–6 times more efficient (NNT = 33–102) than the Risk Group paradigm with all groups eligible for PrEP. A 33% reduction in incidence among 15‐ to 34‐year‐olds was achieved at 46% (95% CI: 39–52%) PrEP coverage in the Risk Group paradigm and 6% (95% CI: 5–7%) to 17% (95% CI: 14–20%) in the Partnership paradigm.ConclusionsModelling PrEP use based on risk groups resulted in a sharp trade‐off between PrEP efficiency and impact, whereas PrEP use predicated on partnerships resulted in much higher efficiency for widespread PrEP availability. Model estimates of PrEP impact and cost‐effectiveness in generalized epidemics are strongly influenced by assumptions about how PrEP use aligns with individual‐level HIV exposure heterogeneity.
Quality and readability assessment of online patient information on cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Rouhi Armaun D. , Ghanem Yazid K. , Hoeltzel Gerard D. , Miura John T. , Aarons Cary B. , Williams Noel N. , Dumon Kristoffel R. , Karakousis Giorgos C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe aim to assess the quality and readability of online information available to patients considering cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS‐HIPEC).MethodsThe top three search engines (Google, Bing, and Yahoo) were searched in March 2022. Websites were classified as academic, hospital‐affiliated, foundation/advocacy, commercial, or unspecified. Quality of information was assessed using the JAMA benchmark criteria (0–4) and DISCERN tool (16–80), and the presence of a Health On the Net code (HONcode) seal. Readability was evaluated using the Flesch Reading Ease score.ResultsFifty unique websites were included. The average JAMA and DISCERN scores of all websites were 0.72 ± 1.14 and 39.58 ± 13.71, respectively. Foundation/advocacy websites had significantly higher JAMA mean score than commercial (p = 0.044), academic (p < 0.001), and hospital‐affiliated websites (p = 0.001). Foundation/advocacy sites had a significantly higher DISCERN mean score than hospital‐affiliated (p = 0.035) and academic websites (p = 0.030). The HONcode seal was present in 4 (8%) websites analyzed. Readability was difficult and at the level of college students.ConclusionsThe overall quality of patient‐oriented online information on CRS‐HIPEC is poor and available resources may not be comprehensible to the general public. Patients seeking information on CRS‐HIPEC should be directed to sites affiliated with foundation/advocacy organizations.
Moderating carbon dynamics in black soil by combined application of biochar and an artificial humic substance
Authors: Tang Chunyu , Liu Bailiang , Cheng Kui , Antonietti Markus , Yang Fan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe mineralization and humification of organic matter triggered by added exogenous carbon are relevant to soil organic matter (SOM) turnover and stability. Biochar (BC) and artificial humic substance (A‐HS), two typical exogenous carbon materials, have not been jointly applied to seek to improve the soil carbon pool, which is contributed by the development of A‐HS which has not yet been used on a large‐scale. We surmise that the dynamic interactions occurring in combined application of BC and A‐HS are complex and deserve detailed attention. Herein, a continuous incubation experiment including relevant weather events (freezing, freezing–thawing, warming climates) was conducted for 180 days to observe the development of SOM in the different stages and under separate and mixed applications of A‐HS and BC. After 45 d cultivation period and the freezing phase, the relative mineralization rate of SOM was up to 6.4% (120 ml/kg A‐HS), 4.9% (2% BC) and 13.3% (for the combination of 120 ml/kg A‐HS and 2% BC), suggesting that the presence of A‐HS triggers an enhanced mineralization of SOM throughout freezing. However, the remaining SOM turned out to be more strongly humified and more stable, preserving the SOM through the warming season, as shown by ultraviolet fluorescence and high‐throughput sequencing. Overall, the dynamic interactions between BC and A‐HS are shown to be mainly mediated by biological activity and alterations of microbial community structure and the related metabolic preferred pathways, which vice versa can be influenced by the added carbon sources.
Defining targets to improve care delivery for T4 larynx squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Frenkel Catherine H. , Brickman Daniel S. , Trufan Sally J. , Ward Matthew C. , Moeller Benjamin J. , Carrizosa Daniel R. , Sumrall Ashley L. , Milas Zvonimir L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveUnited States oncology trends consistently demonstrate that nearly half of T4a larynx carcinoma patients are treated with larynx preservation, despite national guidelines favoring laryngectomy. This study identifies clinical decision‐making drivers and defines patient subsets that should become targets for care improvement.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients with cT4 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx from US National Cancer Database 2005–2016. Demographic data and survival rates between clinical pathways were compared. Survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier method with statistical comparisons assessed by log‐rank test.ResultsOf 11,556 patients with cT4 disease, laryngectomy (TL) was the initial treatment for 4627 (40%) patients. Larynx preservation via chemoradiation (CRT) occurred for 4307 patients. TL and CRT patients had similar Charlson–Deyo comorbidity indices and insurance status. TL patients had higher total tumor size, lower N3 rates and were more often seen at academic institutions (p < .0001). N0 surgery patients with adjuvant treatment demonstrated superior median survival (MS) compared to CRT (surgery + radiation MS: 69 months, surgery + chemoradiation MS: 66, CRT MS: 37.7), p < .0001. MS for N1/N2 disease patients was 56.5 months for surgery + radiation and 35.5 months for surgery + CRT, superior to CRT, MS 30.8 months, p < .0001. Tri‐modality N3 patients with up front surgery had similar MS compared to CRT (surgery + chemoradiation 21.3 months vs. CRT 16.1), p = .95.ConclusionNational quality improvement initiatives are needed to promote guideline adherence and improve survival in advanced larynx cancer. Targets for such initiatives should be patients with limited or no nodal disease burden, that meet clear T4a imaging criteria.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, non‐randomized controlled cohort.
Inconsistent, uncoordinated, and reactive: The current state of sibling psychosocial care
Authors: Davis Kathryn A. , Brosnan Phoebe , Mazzenga Marcella , Buchbinder David , Alderfer Melissa A. , Sharkey Christina M. , Long Kristin A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough providing sibling psychosocial services is a standard of care in pediatric oncology, initial survey research suggests that this standard is rarely achieved and siblings’ support needs remain unmet. Which sibling psychosocial services are available and how centers provide such services is unknown. To identify targetable services gaps, this qualitative study characterizes current sibling psychosocial care practices at select pediatric cancer centers across the United States.ProcedureSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of psychosocial care providers (N = 27) working across the United States in pediatric oncology centers of varied sizes. Interviews queried providers regarding sibling‐focused parent psychoeducation, psychosocial screening, comprehensive assessment, and psychosocial support offerings. Interview data were analyzed using Applied Thematic Analysis.ResultsAcross cancer centers, sibling care practices did not align with consensus‐based recommendations. The nature and availability of sibling‐focused psychoeducation, screening, assessment, and support were variable between and within centers. Siblings themselves were largely absent from sibling psychosocial care, and care was rarely sibling‐specific. The flow of information about siblings was discontinuous and uncoordinated across the care continuum, resulting in psychosocial care provided reactively, typically in response to parental concerns.ConclusionsSibling psychosocial care provision falls short of established care recommendations, leaving sibling psychosocial needs unmet. Findings highlight the need for tools and strategies to facilitate the implementation of sibling psychosocial care across the care continuum, to support siblings’ psychosocial functioning across the life course.