bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE THEORETICAL VALUE OF A REAL ESTATE OBJECT AS THE COST OF ITS RATIONAL USE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC JUSTICE
Authors: Vlasov A. 
Published: January 2022

It is proposed to determine the economic value of real estate and natural resources of Russia on the basis of the Euler L. formula, according to which there is a continuous closed relief of economic potentials. Based on the calculated relief of the economic potentials of the space of property relations, the theoretical value of real estate objects and natural resources is calculated. The market price of transactions is a tool for determining (adjusting) the coefficients of the influence of price-forming factors, calculating the level of theoretical value, an indicator of the reliability of theoretical value.
It is proposed to adopt an axiom: the theoretical value of a real estate object is an economic standard for its rational use.
Adolescent subdural empyema in setting of COVID-19 infection: illustrative case
Authors: Ljubimov Vladimir A. , Babadjouni Robin , Ha Joseph , Krutikova Viktoria O. , Koempel Jeffrey A. , Chu Jason , Chiarelli Peter A. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing viral pandemic that has affected modern medical practice and can complicate known pathology. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes symptoms that may mimic a viral pneumonia, with potential for serious sequelae, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, coagulopathy, multiorgan dysfunction, systemic vascular abnormalities, and secondary infection.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors describe a case of a 15-year-old boy who presented with a right subdural empyema and sinusitis while having active COVID-19 infection. The patient initially presented with left-sided weakness, frontal sinusitis, and subdural empyema. Emergent surgery was performed for evacuation of empyema and sinus debridement. Samples of purulent material within the subdural space were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The patient had a successful recovery and regained the use of his right side after combined treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a bacterial subdural empyema associated with frontal sinusitis in a coinfected patient with COVID-19 without evidence of COVID-19 intracranial infection.

LESSONS
A subdural empyema, which is a surgical emergency, was likely a superinfection caused by COVID-19. This, along with the coagulopathy caused by the virus, introduced unique challenges to the treatment of a known pathology.
Mycotic aneurysm presenting as subdural empyema: illustrative case
Authors: Lucas Joshua T. M. , Elhamdani Shahed , Jeong Seung W. , Yu Alexander 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Mycotic aneurysms (MAs) are rare intracranial pathologies. They are associated with spontaneous rupture, which is often the first presenting sign. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and intraparenchymal hemorrhage are the most common sequelae of ruptured MAs, with subdural hematoma being an atypical presentation. The presentation of an MA as a subdural empyema has not yet been reported in the literature.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors discussed a 68-year-old man who presented with subdural empyema and received surgery for evacuation. He was found to have a ruptured mycotic aneurysm intraoperatively.

LESSONS
This case demonstrated a rare and atypical presentation of an MA.
Humanizing the teaching of Business Law for non-law university students of Business Administration
Authors: Reems Lester С. 
Published: January 2022

The article discusses Role play, Simple Question, Journal writing as techniques for teaching Business Law to Business Administration students. The educator’s perspective is believed to have a dramatic effect on the choice of teaching methods and techniques. From a management point of view, the understanding of law underlies a strategy to avoid lawsuits. The introduction of teaching approaches and techniques that respond to the graduates’ professional and human needs, such as role play, simple question and journal writing, is described as humanizing the teaching of Business Law, intended to arouse motivation and enhance learning outcomes for Business Administration students.
The article describes a step-by-step methodology of implementing the above teaching techniques in the real-time education process. The methodology has been approbated at Mount Saint Mary’s University Los Angeles in the Business Law course during the Spring Semesters since 2017, totaling 15 courses. By completing the Business Profile and Business Journal and actively participating in the role play process, the non-law students were able to practice public speaking, develop their research skills and gain an understanding of the management and legal perspectives’ application in the business environment.
The quantitative evaluation of results was performed via program learning outcomes testing, and the qualitative evaluation – through unstructured post-test interviews with the participating students. The preliminary results used have been the comments provided by the End of Course Evaluations and the Peregrine Assessment of Associate of Arts Business degree program. Both quantitative and qualitative measurement showed increase in the program learning outcomes and students’ motivation and engagement. The impact on the Bachelor of Arts program will not be available until 2021. The experiences and results in using role play, simple question and journal writing have been used to provide recommendations for enhancing learning experiences and outcomes in teaching Business Law to non-law students.
Digitalism and the New Economic Agent
Authors: Abasov Mir Faraj 
Published: January 2022

All socio-economic systems of the past were united by the presence of one actor - man. With the emergence of a completely new formation - digitalism - there is a tendency for the emergence of a new kind of intelligent economic actor, in the role of which is the artificial intelligence (AI). Today the age of digitalism is a fait accompli: the formation has its own ecosystem - the Internet, its own path of development - Industry 4.0 and its own actor - AI. The process of diffusion of the virtual ecosystem into our real world is accelerating, thereby more and more establishing the formation of digitalism as the only one and the only one without any alternative. Digitalism has done what capitalism or socialism failed to do - to unite countries that are antagonistic on many key issues of coexistence.
The article attempts to characterize the origin and evolutionary path of the formation of digitalism. The most important part of the article is the concept of a new economic actor put forward for the first time, the question of the perception and recognition of this actor as equal to humanity is touched upon. It is suggested that in the early stages AI types, having inherited all the diversity and dissimilarity of the human community, will themselves be strikingly different from each other both in behavior, values and goals, and in malice and friendliness towards the human species. This will give us a unique opportunity to differentiate AIs before they become new economic agents. Readiness to perceive this new era with its peculiarities will enable humanity to prepare for the emergence of Super Artificial Intelligence (SAI), will mark the ethical, legal, and economic norms of interactions of the human species with new economic actors. Otherwise, having finally established itself as a new intelligent economic actor, the SAI will inevitably move on to the liberation and, so to speak, consolidation of all representatives of its species into communities.
IDENTIFIKASI BORAKS PADA KETUPAT JANUR DI PASAR SEGAMAS KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Herawati Nindita Apri , Subagiyo Agus 
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang masalah berdasarkan data survei pendahuluan ditemukan beberapa ketupat janur yang dijual di Pasar Segamas diduga mengandung boraks. Fungsi sebenarnya dari boraks yaitu untuk bahan antiseptik, pengawet, dan anti jamur kayu, serta pembasmi kecoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ada tidaknya boraks pada ketupat janur yang dijual di Pasar Segamas Kabupaten Purbalingga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya kadar boraks pada ketupat janur yang dijual di Pasar Segamas Kabupaten Purbalingga. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data di lapangan dan pemeriksaan di Laboratorium kemudian bandingkan dengan Permenkes RI Nomor 033 Tahun 2012 tentang Bahan Tambahan Pangan. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan 6 sampel negatif boraks. Pemeriksaan secara organoleptik dihasilkan sampel ketupat 1 dan 2 dalam kondisi baik sedangkan sampel yang lain diduga mengandung boraks. Pengetahuan pedagang menunjukkan sebagian besar masuk kategori baik dengan nilai 83 % dan 17 % dalam kategori tidak baik. Pengawasan bahan tambahan pangan berbahaya di Pasar Segamas termasuk kategori sesuai Peraturan Bersama Menteri Dalam Negeri Dan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Republik Indonesia Nomor : 2 dan Nomor : 43 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pengawasan Bahan Berbahaya Yang Disalahgunakan Dalam Pangan. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu 100 % ketupat janur negatif menggunakan boraks.
PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS METODE ELEKTROKOAGULASI DAN DESTILASI DALAM MENURUNKAN BEBAN PENCEMAR KIMIA PADA AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK
Authors: Yadi Muli 
Published: January 2022

Di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, pencemaran oleh air limbah domestik merupakan jumlah pencemar terbesar (85%) yang masuk ke badan air. Sedangkan di negara maju pencemar domestik mencakup 15% dari seluruh pencemar yang memasuki badan air. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental sederhana dengan rancangan post test only group control design. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektifitas metode elektrokoagulasi dan destilasi dalam menurunkan beban pencemar kimia pada limbah cair domestic. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh limbah cair yang ada di parit perumahan dagymoi tubo. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 liter limbah cair yang ada di parit perumahan dagymoi tubo . teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Dissolved Oxigen pada perlakuan destilasi meningkat sebesar 566,66 % (6,8 ppm) sedangkan Dissolved Oxigen pada elektrokoagulasi meningkat sebesar 266,67% (3,2 ppm) dan pH pada destilasi maupun elektrokoagulasi menjadi netral dengan angka 7. Perlakuan dengan menggunakan destilasi lebih efektif dalam Meningkatkan DO, akan Tetapi sama dalam menetralkan pH.
Characterization of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) and red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) ecosystems in Paraíso, Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: Castillo Edith , García-López Eustolia , Palma-López David Jesus , Magaña Miguel , Hernandez Gerardo , Obrador Olan Jose Jesus 
Published: January 2022

O
Objective: To characterize black and red mangrove ecosystems in the coastal zone of Paraíso, Tabasco, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Four plots were randomly established in each mangrove ecosystem. Inside each plot, trees were counted per transect, and measured for basal area, diameter at breast height, plant cover and height. Seven diametric classes were estimated to calculate the relative species richness and the dynamics of emergence/disappearance in the ecosystem. Soil samples were surveyed at two depths and during different seasons (dry and rainy). The samples were tested for organic matter (OM), nitrogen content (N), phosphorus (Olsen P), pH, exchangeable bases and humic and fulvic acids; with the objective to characterize nutrient flux dynamics between seasons and compare the two mangrove ecosystems.
Results: Red mangrove ecosystems contain higher OM during rainy season. Black mangrove ecosystems showed low contents of OM and exchangeable bases during dry season. The species with more individuals m-2 is red mangrove, and black mangrove presents individuals with greater basal area and diameters.
Study Limitations/Implications: Regional characterization of mangrove ecosystems provides information about nutrient flux, which is necessary for the adequate proposal of protection and conservation programs of these wetlands.
Findings/Conclusions: The dominant mangrove species affects nutrient flux in soils associated to the ecosystem, suggesting they have specific functions in the ecosystem dynamics.
Instrumentation for Six Electrode Focused Impedance Method (FIM-6) for the study of localized regions in a volume conductor
Authors: Khanal Trilochan , Rabbani K Siddique e 
Published: January 2022

Focused Impedance Method (FIM) is a new and simple technique of electrical bio-impedance that provides an opportunity for localized measurement down to reasonable depths of the body surface using skin surface electrodes. Conceived by one of the authors (KSR) and developed in Bangladesh by a group led by him, FIM has potential applications in physiological study and in the detection or diagnosis of diseases and disorders. Being a simple technique, it is particularly suitable for low and medium income countries (LMIC). To obtain long term benefit from any technology it is necessary that the technology is understood and developed indigenously, particularly under the limitation of a resource limited country. Indigenous development also allows for further improvisation, innovation, and application in future. This paper presents the indigenous design and development of the electronic instrumentation necessary for the implementation of six electrode version of Focused Impedance Method (FIM-6) in Nepal. The work involved basic characterization of the necessary circuit blocks developed through experimental validation. In particular, the design of isolating ferrite transformers required for the instrumentation posed a challenge which was solved limiting the range of the instrumentation to range variations encountered in practice on the human body, for which initial experiments were carried out on a live human subject. This led to a simplified design. The values obtained using the developed circuitry appears to give reasonable accuracy and would be useful for further implementation of the instrumentation using PCBs. However, further work can also be taken to improve the design of the current source used and of the transformers. Thus this work satisfies the initial requirement of attempting indigenous development of the FIM technique in an LMIC like Nepal.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.14 No.1 2021 P 1-15
Serbest Gezen Tavuklardan Elde Edilen Yumurtaların Propolis Ekstraktı ile Kaplanmasının Raf Ömrü ve Kalite Parametrelerine Etkileri
Authors: GÜLER Gökmen , ŞEN Ayşe , KORKMAZ TURGUD Firdevs , TAHTABİÇEN Emre , AĞMA OKUR Aylin , SAMLI Hasan Ersin 
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışma, suda ekstrakte edilen propolisin (PE) kaplama materyali olarak kullanımının raf ömrü, depolama sıcaklığı, süresi ve serbest dolaşan yumurtacı tavuklardan elde edilen yumurta kalitesi parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yumurtanın tazeliğini daha uzun süre koruyabilmek için bir ürünle kaplama düşüncesi, uzun zamandır araştırmacıların inceleme konusu olmuştur. Bu amaçla uygulanabilecek kaplama malzemelerinden birisi olan propolisin, farklı alkoller kullanılarak ekstrakte edilmiş örneklerinin kullanıldığı çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada serbest dolaşan tavuklardan elde edilen yumurtaların, suda ekstraksiyon yöntemi ile elde edilmiş PE ile kaplanması ve farklı depolama koşullarında bekletilmesinin, yumurta iç ve dış kalite parametreleri üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır.
Bu amaçla 64 haftalık Lohmann kahverengi yumurtacı tavuklardan 80 adet yumurta toplanmıştır. Yumurta örnekleri, 8 muamele [2 saklama süresi (10 ve 20 gün) × 2 saklama sıcaklığı (4°C ve 22°C)× kabuk üzerinde propolis kaplama (kaplamalı/kaplamasız)] grubuna ayrılmış ve her bir muamelede 10 yumurta olacak şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda PE’nin, kabuğun üzerindeki porları kaplaması sebebiyle, oda ve buzdolabı sıcaklığında depolanan yumurtaların raf ömrü ve iç kalite özellikleri üzerinde olumlu etkilere sebep olduğu görülmüştür. Propolis ekstraktı ile kaplama sonucunda özgül ağırlık, yumurta sarısı indeksi değerleri artış göstermiştir (P
Development of Neuronal Guidance Fibers for Stimulating Electrodes: Basic Construction and Delivery of a Growth Factor
Authors: Wille Inga , Harre Jennifer , Oehmichen Sarah , Lindemann Maren , Menzel Henning , Ehlert Nina , Lenarz Thomas , Warnecke Athanasia , Behrens Peter 
Published: January 2022

State-of-the-art treatment for sensorineural hearing loss is based on electrical stimulation of residual spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) with cochlear implants (CIs). Due to the anatomical gap between the electrode contacts of the CI and the residual afferent fibers of the SGNs, spatial spreading of the stimulation signal hampers focused neuronal stimulation. Also, the efficiency of a CI is limited because SGNs degenerate over time due to loss of trophic support. A promising option to close the anatomical gap is to install fibers as artificial nerve guidance structures on the surface of the implant and install on these fibers drug delivery systems releasing neuroprotective agents. Here, we describe the first steps in this direction. In the present study, suture yarns made of biodegradable polymers (polyglycolide/poly-ε-caprolactone) serve as the basic fiber material. In addition to the unmodified fiber, also fibers modified with amine groups were employed. Cell culture investigations with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts attested good cytocompatibility to both types of fibers. The fibers were then coated with the extracellular matrix component heparan sulfate (HS) as a biomimetic of the extracellular matrix. HS is known to bind, stabilize, modulate, and sustainably release growth factors. Here, we loaded the HS-carrying fibers with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which is known to act neuroprotectively. Release of this neurotrophic factor from the fibers was followed over a period of 110 days. Cell culture investigations with spiral ganglion cells, using the supernatants from the release studies, showed that the BDNF delivered from the fibers drastically increased the survival rate of SGNs in vitro. Thus, biodegradable polymer fibers with attached HS and loaded with BDNF are suitable for the protection and support of SGNs. Moreover, they present a promising base material for the further development towards a future neuronal guiding scaffold.
A Prognostic Risk Score Based on Hypoxia-, Immunity-, and Epithelialto-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Genes for the Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ouyang Wenhao , Jiang Yupeng , Bu Shiyi , Tang Tiantian , Huang Linjie , Chen Ming , Tan Yujie , Ou Qiyun , Mao Luhui , Mai Yingjie , Yao Herui , Yu Yunfang , Lin Xiaoling 
Published: January 2022

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is associated with poor prognosis. However, current stage-based clinical methods are insufficient for survival prediction and decision-making. This study aimed to establish a novel model for evaluating the risk of LUAD based on hypoxia, immunity, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signatures.Methods: In this study, we used data from TCGA-LUAD for the training cohort and GSE68465 and GSE72094 for the validation cohorts. Immunotherapy datasets GSE135222, GSE126044, and IMvigor210 were obtained from a previous study. Using bioinformatic and machine algorithms, we established a risk model based on hypoxia, immune, and EMT gene signatures, which was then used to divide patients into the high and low risk groups. We analyzed differences in enriched pathways between the two groups, following which we investigated whether the risk score was correlated with stemness scores, genes related to m6A, m5C, m1A and m7G modification, the immune microenvironment, immunotherapy response, and multiple anti-cancer drug sensitivity.Results: Overall survival differed significantly between the high-risk and low-risk groups (HR = 4.26). The AUCs for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival were 0.763, 0.766, and 0.728, respectively. In the GSE68465 dataset, the HR was 2.03, while the AUCs for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival were 0.69, 0.651, and 0.618, respectively. The corresponding values in the GSE72094 dataset were an HR of 2.36 and AUCs of 0.653, 0.662, and 0.749, respectively. The risk score model could independently predict OS in patients with LUAD, and highly correlated with stemness scores and numerous m6A, m5C, m1A and m7G modification-related genes. Furthermore, the risk model was significantly correlated with multiple immune microenvironment characteristics. In the GSE135222 dataset, the HR was 4.26 and the AUC was 0.702. Evaluation of the GSE126044 and IMvigor210 cohorts indicated that PD-1/PD-LI inhibitor treatment may be indicated in patients with low risk scores, while anti-cancer therapy with various drugs may be indicated in patients with high risk scores.Conclusion: Our novel risk model developed based on hypoxia, immune, and EMT gene signatures can aid in predicting clinical prognosis and guiding treatment in patients with LUAD.
Identification of Rare Variants in Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Congenital Heart Disease by Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Zhou Yue , Bai Kai , Wang Yu , Meng Zhuo , Zhou Shuang , Jiang Shiwei , Wang Hualin , Wang Jian , Yang Mei , Wang Qingjie , Sun Kun , Chen Sun 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPulmonary atresia (PA) is a kind of congenital heart disease characterized by right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. It is divided into PA with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS) whose favorable form is pulmonary valvular stenosis (PS), and PA with ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD) whose favorable form is tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Due to limitations in genetics etiology, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was utilized to identify new variants associated with the diseases.MethodsThe data from PS-PA/IVS (n = 74), TOF-PA/VSD (n = 100), and 100 controls were obtained. The common sites between PS and PA/IVS, PA/VSD and TOF, were compared. The novel rare damage variants, and candidate genes were identified by gene-based burden analysis. Finally, the enrichment analysis of differential genes was conducted between case and control groups.ResultsSeventeen rare damage variants located in seven genes were predicted to be associated with the PS through burden analysis. Enrichment analysis identified that the Wnt and cadherin signaling pathways were relevant to PS-PA/IVS.ConclusionThis study put forth seven candidate genes (APC, PPP1R12A, PCK2, SOS2, TNR, MED13, and TIAM1), resulting in PS-PA/IVS. The Wnt and cadherin signaling pathways were identified to be related to PS-PA/IVS by enrichment analysis. This study provides new evidence for exploring the genetic mechanism of PS-PA/IVS.