bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Quality Control Tools in Carpet Industry: A Case Study
Authors: Ahmed Said , Mohamed Hamada , EL Minhawy Abdel Hakeem , Zaher Amal 
Published: July 2022

In today’s highly competitive industrial development, quality performs an extremely significant role. A case study has been implemented in a carpet industry to improve the quality of carpet pieces. The objectives of this study were to minimize the number of customer complaints, decrease the gap with the best competitors, and increase customer purchasing orders for all products by application of advanced quality tools. Random samples of 4 products were selected for performing random inspection and doing comparison with the main competitors. Criteria of the comparison were indicated by the customer and the comparison results were sent to all competitors. Quality tools such as Pareto chart, Spider plot diagram and Affinity diagram have been implemented to assess and improve the quality of the products. MAC company has found that all missing points leading to increasing performance gap with competitor C were nearly fixed and so the improvement led to increasing the percentage of customer purchase orders of all products by 27 %.
HIGHLIGHTS

The current study focuses on the situation of a carpet company that was seeing an increase in client complaints
The resulting customer complaint rate was compared to the previous one, and validation trails were carried out to ensure that it remained consistent
All of the missing areas that contributed to the growing performance gap with rival C were nearly addressed, resulting in a 27 percent increase in client purchase orders for all goods

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Infectivity Survival and Transmissibility of Rice ragged stunt virus from the Frozen-Infected Rice Leaves by the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål
Authors: Na Phatthalung Thanat , Tangkananond Wipa 
Published: July 2022

Rice ragged stunt virus, which was transmitted by the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål), was an economically important rice plant pathogen, and caused the yield losses of 10 - 100 % in Thailand and Asian rice cultivation areas. The purpose of this research was to assess the infectivity survival and the transmissibility of Rice ragged stunt virus from the frozen infected rice leaf tissues to the hosts, and the efficiency detection by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on nitrocellulose membranes. The result was shown that rice virus was successfully acquired from the infected rice leaf frozen samples at –20 °C (7 days and 10 months) by the insect vectors, which the reactions can be clearly detected on the nitrocellulose membranes. The efficiencies of the insect vector inoculated, and the rice plant transmitted were 60 - 100 % and 20 - 100 %, and the direct variations with increasing of the viral-minimal latent period at the 3 and 10 days after inoculation, respectively. The maximum efficiency detection of crude sap sample dilutions of both viral hosts in the insect vector and the rice plant were the 1:16 to 1:64, and 1:64 to 1:256, respectively. These new idea transmission methods can be applied for the long-term stability, viability and infectivity of the infected samples, the laboratory protocol development of the cryopreservation techniques for the future study purpose of a plant virus, the viral-resistance breeding process, and the impose rice plant protection policies and strategies in Thailand.
HIGHLIGHTS

Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) causes the most destructive rice plant viral disease in Thailand irrigational rice cultivation
The brown planthopper (BPH) is an economically important vector and a serious management problem for Thai farmers
The infected rice leaf samples under the frozen and refrigeration conditions were successful as active reservoirs for the viral cycle and transmission
The RRSV-minimal latent periods (MLP) of the BPH vector and the rice plant were 3 and 10 days after inoculation
Understanding of plant-virus-vector interactions can take to improve the ability to insect and rice viral disease control policies and strategies in the agro-ecosystem

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
DNA Methylation and Plants Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress
Authors: Bhattarai Kushal , Poudel Mukti Ram 
Published: July 2022

DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic modification that regulates, stabilizes, and maintains genomic integrity. Loss of DNA methylation or aberrant patterns of DNA methylation causes abnormalities in the gene regulation of plants. DNA methylation in plants is regulated by the combined action of de novo methylation, maintenance of methylation, and demethylation. The enzymes that regulate DNA methylation in plants are different but have some homology to that of mammalian DNA methylation enzymes. DNA methylation helps to develop adaptation mechanisms towards various biotic and abiotic stresses. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the DNA methylation pathway and its role in biotic and abiotic stress tolerances in plants.
HIGHLIGHTS

Plants responds to the changing climatic condition via epigenetic changes - changing the gene expression patterns, without changing the DNA sequences
Abiotic and biotic stress leads to the differential expression of genes; furthermore, plants have memory in the form of epigenetic marks laid in the DNA sequences
DNA methylation in plants is regulated by the combined action of de novo methylation, maintenance of methylation, and demethylation

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
KONSEP JIHAD DALAM AL-QUR’AN PRESPEKTIF SEMIOTIKA PEIRCE
Authors: Mursida Siti 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari dan menemukan makna dari tanda-tanda dan simbol pada terma Jihad di dalam al-Qur’an berdasarkan pendekatan semiotika Peirce. Hal ini berangkat dari problematika penyempitan makna jihad yang lebih banyak dimaknai sebagai perang dan tindakan keras melawan kekafiran. Namun jika dilihat secara medalam term jihad tidak hanya mengadung satu makna yang sempit namun mengadung makna-makna yang lebih luas. Dengan menggunakan pisau analisis semiotika Peirce penulis berupaya mecari makna yang melekat pada term jihad dalam al-Qur’an melalui tanda dan simbol yang berkaitan dengan term tersebut. Dalam teori semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce yang terkenal dengan trikotominya (sign, obyect, dan interpretant). Penelitian ini disajikan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menjelaskan secara mendalam melalui data-data yang telah ditemukan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat kesimpulan bahwa makna dan tafsir dari term jihad di dalam bebarapa ayat Al-Quran tidaklah hanya bermakna perang, melainkan memilki makna lain sesuai konteks yang berbeda pada setiap ayat atau surah. Makna jihad secara umum dalam penelitian ini terdapat tiga perspektif diantaranya Pertama, jihad bermakna dakwah ( Jihad bi al-Qaul), Kedua, jihad bermakna perang (Jihad bi ash-Shilah),. Ketiga, jihad bermakna amal (Jihad bi al-amal). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa jihad dalam al-Qur’an memiliki makna yang luas dan beragam.
A new digital elevation model (DEM) dataset of the entire Antarctic continent derived from ICESat-2
Authors: Shen Xiaoyi , Ke Chang-Qing , Fan Yubin , Drolma Lhakpa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Antarctic digital elevation models (DEMs) are essential
for fieldwork, ice motion tracking and the numerical modelling of the ice sheet.
In the past 30 years, several Antarctic DEMs derived from satellite data
have been published. However, these DEMs either have coarse spatial
resolution or aggregate observations spanning several years, which
limit their further scientific applications. In this study, the
new generation satellite laser altimeter Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation
Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) is used to generate a new Antarctic DEM for both the
ice sheet and ice shelves. Approximately 4.69 × 109 ICESat-2
measurement points from November 2018 to November 2019 are used to estimate
surface elevations at resolutions of 500 m and 1 km based on a
spatiotemporal fitting method. Approximately 74 % of Antarctica is
observed and the remaining observation gaps are interpolated using the
normal kriging method. The DEM is formed from the estimated elevations in
500 m and 1 km grid cells, and is finally posted at the resolution of 500 m.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Operation IceBridge (OIB)
airborne data are used to evaluate the generated Antarctic DEM (hereafter
called the ICESat-2 DEM) in individual Antarctic regions and surface types.
Overall, a median bias of −0.19 m and a root-mean-square deviation of 10.83
m result from approximately 5.2 × 106 OIB measurement
points. The accuracy and uncertainty of the ICESat-2 DEM vary in relation to
the surface slope and roughness, and more reliable estimates are found in
the flat ice sheet interior. The ICESat-2 DEM is comparable to other DEMs
derived from altimetry, stereophotogrammetry and interferometry. Similar
results are found when comparing to elevation measurements from kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System
(GNSS) (GPS and the Russian GLONASS) transects. The elevations of high
accuracy and ability of annual updates make the ICESat-2 DEM an addition to
the existing Antarctic DEM groups, and it can be further used for other
scientific applications. The generated ICESat-2 DEM (including the map of
uncertainty) can be downloaded from National Tibetan Plateau Data Center,
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences at
https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/en/disallow/9427069c-117e-4ff8-96e0-4b18eb7782cb/ (last access: 27 June 2022)
(Shen et al., 2021a, https://doi.org/10.11888/Geogra.tpdc.271448).
TINGKAT DENSITAS POPULASI BOBOT DAN PANJANG MAGGOT Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBEDA
Authors: ; Azharika , Nurhayatin Titin , Herawati Ervi 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pakan berbeda terhadap densitas populasi, bobot dan panjang maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan, sehingga jumlah sampel sebanyak 20 biopond dengan bobot maggot 1 gram/biopond. Perlakuan yang di gunakan adalah pakan yang diberikan yaitu P1 : Kotoran Ayam Petelur, P2 : Limbah Organik Pasar, P3 : Ampas Tahu dan P4 : Campuran Ketiga Perlakuan. Variabel yang diamati terdiri dari tingkat densitas, bobot dan panjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pakan berbeda memberikan pengaruh terhadap tingkat densitas, obot dan panjang pada maggot Hermetia illucens. Pemberian campuran pakan dengan (Kotoran ayam petelur, Limbah Pasar Organik, dan Ampas tahu) memberikan pengaruh optimal terhadap tingkat densitas populasi maggot (0.168 cm3), bobot (697 gram), dan panjang (23,23 mm) pada maggot Hermetia illucens.
الرجل العربي المثال عند الشاعرات الجاهليات
Authors: عثمان محمد عبلة الصديق 
Published: July 2022

وموضوع هذا البحث (الرجل العربي المثال عند الشاعرات الجاهليات). بحثاً عن الرجل المثال في أشعارهن، وبحثاً في القيم المشتركة بين الشاعرة الجاهلية والشاعر الجاهلي، وبحثاً عن القيم الخاصة التي اختصت بها الشاعرة الجاهلية، أو ألحّت عليها في شعرها وعظّمت من شأنها أكثر من غيرها.
والبحث كذلك محاولة في ربط هذه القيم بنفسية المرأة العربية، وما تريده من الرجل العربي المثال، ومعلوم أن شعر المرأة في العصر الجاهلي كان في شكل مقطوعات قصيرة، أو قصائد قصيرة. ومعظم أشعارهن وردت في كتب الاختيارات وأيام العرب، وقليل منهن من كان لها ديوان كالخنساء، ومن كان لها ديوان فإن أشعارها فيه لا تخرج عن المقطوعات والقصائد القصيرة كالخرنق أخت طرفة.
ومع هذا فإن أهم ما يميز هذا الشعر هو التغني بالقيم، والمثل العليا عند الرجل العربي.
Defensa interna de los países de América Central: “el empleo coercitivo de las Fuerzas Armadas contra la delincuencia”
Authors: Rivas Pardo Pablo 
Published: July 2022

Este artículo estudia las políticas de defensa de una selección de países de América Central, específicamente, el concepto de defensa interna en relación al empleo coercitivo de las fuerzas
armadas contra la delincuencia. Es así que el análisis se enfoca, por una parte, en el desarrollo político de la seguridad en la región, desde la Guerra Fría hasta el día de hoy. Por otra, en el caso contemporáneo de los países seleccionados. Las conclusiones entran a observar el desarrollo de la defensa interna, tanto por su evolución como por su consolidación.
Russia is back: análisis de la evolución de la política exterior rusa en la “era Putin”
Authors: Leiva Van de Maele Diego 
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo analiza la política exterior de Rusia desde la llegada de Vladimir Putin al poder, en el año 2000, considerando los diversos procesos de reformas internas llevados acabo desde entonces, sosteniendo como hipótesis central que dichas reformas se relacionan, de forma directa, con uno de
los principales objetivos de su administración: la búsqueda de reposicionamiento de Rusia en la estructura regional y global de poder. Desde su llegada al Kremlin, Vladimir Putin inició un proceso acelerado de reforzamiento de las capacidades de poder del país, especialmente en los ámbitos económico y militar, el que una vez consolidado le permitió adoptar una política exterior activa y asertiva, analizada en una evolución de tres momentos.
Effect of threonine and zinc alone or in combination on immunity and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens
Authors: Kamel Safaa Abd , Jameel Yasser Jamal 
Published: July 2022

Broiler chickens' immune response may be affected by the body health; Therefore, this Study was aimed to evaluated the was aimed to investigate the effect of threonine(Thr.) from the jefo Co.Canada and zinc (Zn.) from the Zinpro Co.USA as an important factor that regulates intestinal amino acid metabolism. The experiment period was five weeks started from 7/12/2021 to 11/1/2022 carried out in special felid. A total of 200 straight run one-day broiler chickens (Ross 308) were divided randomly to four groups (50/group) with 2 replicates (25 birds/pen). The control group (CON.) fed basal diet without any additives. The second group was fed the basal diets with high level calculated (%0.9) Threonine. The third group was fed the basal diets with level calculated (% 0.1) Zinc. The fourth group was fed the basal diets with (% 0.9) Threonine and was fed the basal diets with (% 0.1) Zinc. Feed and water provided add libitum to the end of the study.
Investigation of the Effect of Acamprosate Treatment on Heart Contractions in Alcohol-Dependent Rats
Authors: KARAKUŞ Behiye Nur , ŞEN Aysu , ÖZDENGÜL Faik 
Published: July 2022

Background/ Aim: Chronic alcohol use leads to impaired heart contraction and also causes a direct toxic effect on myocardial function. Acamprosate, which is widely used in alcohol dependence, is not known to have a pharmacological effect on cardiac contraction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of acamprosate on the heart muscle.
Materials and Methods: A total of 32 female Wistar rats were divided four groups as control (10 mg/kg/g saline) group, alcohol (10 mg/kg/g alcohol + 10 mg/kg/g saline) group, acamprosate (200 mg/kg/g) group and alcohol+ acamprosate groups (10 mg/kg/g alcohol + 200 mg/kg/g acamprosate + 10 mg/kg/g saline). Alcoholic rats were scored for alcohol dependence and withdrawal. After that, the rats were sacrificed, respectively and the heart tissue was removed. The amplitude and contraction frequencies of the atrium tissue taken from the heart tissue were measured in the isolated tissue bath.
Results: Alcohol dependence and withdrawal symptoms were observed in the Alcohol group and Alcohol+Acamprosate group (p
Mob Rules: Toward a Causal Model of Social Structure
Authors: Borghini Andrea , Nathan Marco J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis essay enriches causal models capturing the propagation of prejudice, bias, and other aggregative social mechanisms, negative or positive. These explananda include the reinforcement of economic inequality, “mob-like” behavior, peer pressure, and the establishment of social norms. The stage is set by introducing various forms of redundant causation and discussing some difficulties with mainstream preemption. Next the main proposal extends current representations of aggregative social mechanisms in two respects. First, it is more nuanced, as it identifies three distinct kinds of inferences: relevance of causes to effects, degree of redundancy of an effect, and the influence that causes exert on other causes. Second, it offers a quantitative—as opposed to merely qualitative—distinction between the causal contribution of preempting and preempted causes.
Debunking, Epistemic Achievement, and Undermining Defeat
Authors: Klenk Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral anti-debunkers have argued that evolutionary explanations of our moral beliefs fail to meet a necessary condition on undermining defeat called modal security. They conclude that evolution, therefore, does not debunk our moral beliefs. This article shows that modal security is false if knowledge is virtuous achievement. New information can undermine a given belief without providing reason to doubt that that belief is sensitive or safe. This leads to a novel conception of undermining defeat, and it shows that successful debunking of moral realism is possible.
Closed-minded Belief and Indoctrination
Authors: Ranalli Chris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhat is indoctrination? This paper clarifies and defends a structural epistemic account of indoctrination according to which indoctrination is the inculcation of closed-minded belief caused by “epistemically insulating content.” This is content which contains a proviso that serious critical consideration of the relevant alternatives to one's belief is reprehensible whether morally or epistemically. As such, it does not demand that indoctrination be a type of unethical instruction, ideological instruction, unveridical instruction, or instruction which bypasses the agent's rational evaluation. In this way, we can account for why indoctrination can occur for liberal democratic beliefs as much as it occurs for fascist, fundamentalist, or fanatical belief: for indoctrination is fundamentally a structural epistemic phenomenon.
The Opportunities for and Limitations on a Finnish Female Artist in Lapland before the Second World War
Authors: Hautala-Hirvioja Tuija 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Since the 1840s in Finland, there have been equal possibilities for men and women to study art. This article examines the possibilities and limitations that women had to take into account to study fine arts. To understand the situation in Finland during the 1920s and 1930s, I use as a case the life and art of Maija Kellokumpu (1892–1935). She was an exceptional individual who lived in Lapland, the northernmost region of Finland. Her home village, Kelloselkä, is located about thirty-three miles north of the Arctic Circle and northeast near the present border between Finland and Russia. Maija Kellokumpu was the daughter of a religious, agricultural family from the small and traditional village. I study her life and her art from a microhistorical viewpoint; her biography is at the center, but it expands with contextualization: the salient frames of reference are northern culture and religion, the Finnish world of art, and the status of women. Finland was for one hundred years a part of the Russian Empire and became independent in December 1917. Soon, in the spring of 1918, the Finnish Civil War broke out and lasted four months. The young, independent country began to develop during the next few decades, but the development stopped in November 1939 when the Winter War started. As part of my study, I focus on the limitations and suspicions to which women's careers were subjected—some of which are based in the realms of religion, economics, and education, while some are art-world based in terms of the tension and distance between the art-center and peripheries, as well as the lack of money and patrons.
“The Path to Progress or the Sleep of Reason”: Representations of (Re)bordering Processes at the Finnish-Russian Borderlands
Authors: Kaskinen Saija 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In 1958, the last train transporting war reparations left Parikkala, a southeast border town in Finland, for the Soviet Union. This marked the end of any normal cross-border traffic. Today, Parikkala is negotiating to change its border-crossing status from temporary to international. This article explores local and regional newspaper coverage of Parikkala's effort to get its new cross-border policy approved. Utilizing frame analysis, trauma studies, and border studies, the article aims to answer the following questions: Do any distinguishable frames emerge from the news texts? What is the message they convey? What kind of social, cultural, and historical trauma and its processes are involved in locally situated border narratives, and what is their place in border politics, information production, and distribution? Parikkala's situation raises complex questions about the role of the nation-state(s) in bordering practices and control as well as local border peoples’ chances to influence bordering processes.
Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnostic Advancements
Authors: Hassan Sana 
Published: July 2022

The best tool to detect breast cancer (BC) is `screening`. Earlier screening improves prognosis and better treatment outcomes. Screening is basically looking for different signs before the appearance of actual symptoms. The process of screening specifically used for BC is known as mammography.
Mammography is an explicit kind of imaging system that uses X-Rays (low dose) to ascertain cancer in breasts. This diagnostic procedure is in practice since the past 30 years but in the past 15 years, there is an improved set of techniques being introduced resulting in better results. Recently, three major diagnostic procedures for breast cancer which are in vogue include digital mammography, computer-aided testing and tomosynthesis. Out of these 3 diagnostic tools, tomosynthesis, furthermore branded as three-dimensional (3-D) mammography and digital tomosynthesis, is the supreme and innovative system of breast imaging where numerous pictures of the breast from diverse angles are taken and remodeled ("synthesized") resulting in formation of a three-dimensional group of images. That is why, 3-D imaging technique is alike computed tomography imaging system in which a sequences of thin "slices" are gathered to formulate a 3-D reformation of the body.
Even though the strength of radiation for few tomosynthesis systems is higher to some extent as compared to power of the dosage used in typical mammography, but as long as it is in the predefined radiation limit approved by FDA it`s not harmful. Some of the systems have doses comparable to conventional mammography. Some previous studies on large populations have proved that breast screening with tomosynthesis have resulted in enhanced the rate of detection of breast cancer detection rates and it has also decreased the chances of recalls, especially at occasions where females are called back for screening for added testing because of a possibly uncharacteristic finding.
Tomosynthesis has an edge on other diagnostic procedures as it may help in prior recognition of cancerous lesions that may be not be revealed on a conventional mammogram, it also eradicates the need for small number of preventable biopsies or supplementary testing and increases the probability of detection of several breast tumors. It also provides stronger imagining of irregularities within condensed breast tissue and greater precision in pinpointing the location, size and shape of breast anomalies.
Women should at least get a standard mammogram once a year beginning at age 40. The major risk factors for BC development are old age, inactivity, reproductive history, genetic mutations, family history of ovarian or BC, being overweight or obese after menopause, history of administration of hormones. Also, if someone, have had radiation treatment to the chest in the past, it’s highly recommended that such women should have annual mammograms at a younger age (often beginning around age 30).