bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asset Reclassifications and Bank Recapitalization During the Financial Crisis
Authors: Bischof Jannis , Brüggemann Ulf , Daske Holger 
Published: April 2022

Regulators frequently relax accounting rules during a financial crisis as a means of regulatory forbearance. The new accounting options provide banks with an opportunity for an accrual-based increase in their regulatory capital. The use of such an accounting option helps reduce the costs of government interventions such as bailouts and avoid the dilution of existing shareholders’ ownership rights. We examine the introduction of the reclassification option for financial assets during the 2008 financial crisis and study the position of accrual-based options in the pecking order of banks’ recapitalization measures. The findings suggest that the accrual-based increase in regulatory capital is temporary and does not provide permanent relief. Consistent with the long-term costs of accrual-based measures, investors perceive the accounting choice as a negative signal. If banks do not complement their use of the accounting option by other corrective actions that result in a real capital increase and a liquidity injection, they continue to suffer from low capitalization and financial difficulties in the following years. Ultimately, government interventions in accounting regulation are unlikely to offer a sustainable solution to capital shortfalls in the banking sector if they are not supported by the concurrent enforcement of real corrective actions. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting. Funding: The authors acknowledge financial support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Project-ID 403041268-TRR 266) as well as from IAAER and KPMG under the “Research Informing the IASB Standard Setting” grant. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4364 .
Electric Generators for Direct Coupled High Speed Turbo Generators in Distributed Power Systems
Authors: Vaidya Jay 
Published: April 2022

This article addresses various technical challenges in developinghigh speed, lightweight electric generators for applications in directcoupled high speed generators for distributed power systems. Thesechallenges involve the technologies of electromagnetics, thermodynam-ics, rotor dynamics, and engineering assembly practices. How those chal-lenges are being addressed and the results of activities to date relating togenerators from several hundred kilowatts to a few megawatts will bediscussed. Current status and the test data relating to these generatorswill be presented.While the requirements of power and voltage levels as well as theduty cycle vary, the applicable generator technology is mainly impactedby the power level. The electric generator is typically driven by a highspeed turbine. The operating speeds of the turbine and the mechanicaland thermal interfaces with the generator have a substantial impact onthe design details of the generator.The best approach in interfacing the high speed turbine to the gen-erator is to directly couple the two by means of a mechanical couplingand exclude the need for gear, belt or other mechanical transmissionsystems. The high speed turbine operates most ef ficiently at their ratedspeed, which varies with rated power output. Thus while a typical 200kW turbine may operate at 60000 rpm, a MW class turbine may oper-ate in the range of 15000 rpm to 30000 rpm. It is often details such asthe coupling and mounting arrangement and the suitability of coolantsand lubricants that affect the generator design and impact the weight
and size of the final product. Selection of the appropriate generatortechnology is highly dependent on the operating speed requirements.Examples of speci fic power and speed ratings as well as suitability ofgenerator technologies such as permanent magnet (PM), wound rotorsynchronous, switched reluctance (SR) and induction will be discussed.Current development programs for 30 kW to 2.5 MW power generatorswill be presented
Performance of a Hybrid Neural-Based Framework for Alternative Electricity Price Forecasting in the Smart Grid
Authors: Lei Gang , Xu Chunxiang , Chen Junmin , Zhao Hongyang , Parvaneh Hesam 
Published: April 2022

Electricity forecasting is an essential task for energy management systemsof microgrids deployed in smart grids. Accurate price forecasting will eventuallyenhance the economic operation of microgrids. In this regard, theliterature is rich with studies focused on predicting electricity price datausing artificial neural networks. However, most of them consider a singlemodel such as multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF)to perform electricity price forecasting. In this paper, a hybrid frameworkbased on simultaneously utilizing MLP-RBF neural networks is presented topredict the Iranian electricity market price. In addition, few works in literatureconsidered Iran’s electricity market as their case of analysis and investigation.Forecasting results indicate that MLP neural networks outperform theRBF neural networks. The values for the coefficient of determination (R)
corresponding to MLP and RBF neural networks are obtained 0.55 and 0.44,respectively. However, the proposed hybrid framework performed better thanboth MLP and RBF models with R-value equal to 0.71. In addition to this,the MSE and RMSE values show the superiority of the proposed method tothe single methods.
Interoperability Issues and Challenges in 6G Networks
Authors: Kharche Shubhangi , Dere Prajakta 
Published: April 2022

Interoperability allows seamless data exchange among the heterogeneous networks and is a crucial problem for the growth of forthcoming 6G networks. The research has focussed on the interoperability issues in the Internet of Things (IoT) related to cross-domain and cross-platform applications. However, the future 6G communication networks are not limited to interoperating with IoT. The 6G networks must interoperate with the Wearable IoT (WIoT), brain abstracted Internet of Thinking (IoTk), Internet of Everything, and other space and undersea networks. The network softwarization, slicing, and intelligentization techniques are envisioned to support seamless data exchange between 6G and other heterogeneous networks. However, to successfully achieve the goal of global 360∘∘ connectivity in 3D space, interoperability issues with heterogeneous services, applications, protocols, networks, etc., must be solved. The integration and interoperability of 6G networks with all aforementioned heterogeneous networks are inevitable to realize the goals of 3D communication successfully. The paper proposes a taxonomy to provide deep insights into interoperability issues, challenges, and possible solutions for 6G interoperability with WIoT, IoTk, IoE, and other networks. Though the techniques mentioned above in 6G networks will allow interoperable solutions, the integration and interoperability issues persist due to heterogeneities in high-frequency bands, base stations, technologies, device identities, protocols, and interfaces. The paper summarizes significant challenges regarding interoperability issues in various areas related to 6G and highlights the broad scope to further research.
Scattering loss in precision metrology due to mirror roughness
Authors: Drori Yehonathan , Eichholz Johannes , Edo Tega , Yamamoto Hiro , Enomoto Yutaro , Venugopalan Gautam , Arai Koji , Adhikari Rana X. 
Published: April 2022

Optical losses degrade the sensitivity of laser interferometric
instruments. They reduce the number of signal photons and introduce
technical noise associated with diffuse light. In quantum-enhanced
metrology, they break the entanglement between correlated photons.
Such decoherence is one of the primary obstacles in achieving high
levels of quantum noise reduction in precision metrology. In this
work, we compare direct measurements of cavity and mirror losses in
the Caltech 40 m gravitational-wave detector prototype interferometer
with numerical estimates obtained from semi-analytic intra-cavity
wavefront simulations using mirror surface profile maps. We show a
unified approach to estimating the total loss in optical cavities
(such as the LIGO gravitational detectors) that will lead towards the
engineering of systems with minimum decoherence for quantum-enhanced
precision metrology.
Treatment outcomes of diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetes patients in Ethiopia. Hospital-based study
Authors: Mekonnen Gizework Alemnew , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Gebreyohannes Eyob Alemayehu , Abegaz Tadesse Melaku 
Published: April 2022

Background
There was limited data on treatment outcomes among patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Ethiopia.

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine the treatment outcomes of DKA patients attending Debre Tabor General Hospital.

Method
A retrospective study was conducted at Debre Tabor General Hospital and data were collected from June 1 to June 30 of 2018. Participants included in the study were all diabetic patients with DKA admitted from August 2010 to May 31, 2018. The primary outcomes were the treatment outcomes of DKA including (in-hospital glycemic control, the length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality). The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Descriptive statistics was presented in the form of means with standard deviation and binary regression was conducted to determine factors that affect length of hospital stay among DKA patients.

Result
387 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 33.30± 14.96 years. The most common precipitating factor of DKA was new onset diabetes mellitus 150(38.8%). The mean length of hospital stay was 4.64(±2.802) days. The mean plasma glucose at admission and discharge was 443.63(±103.33) and 172.94 (±80.60) mg/dL, respectively. The majority 370 (95.60%) of patients improved and discharged whereas 17 (4.40%) patients died in the hospital. Patients with mild and moderate DKA showed short hospital stay; AOR: 0.16 [0.03–0.78] and AOR:0.17[0.03–0.96] compared with severe DKA. Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by infection were nearly five times more likely to have long hospital stay than DKA precipitated by other causes; AOR: 4.59 [1.08–19.42]. In addition, serum glucose fluctuation during hospitalization increased the likelihood of long hospital stay, AOR: 2.15[1.76–2.63].

Conclusions
New onset type 1 diabetes was the major precipitating factor for DKA. Admitted DKA patients remained in hospital for a duration of approximately five days. About five out of hundred DKA patients ended up with death in the hospital. Infection, serum glucose fluctuations and severity of DKA were determinants of long hospital stay. Early prevention of precipitating factors and adequate management of DAK are warranted to reduce length of hospital stay and mortality.
Pre-processing methods in chest X-ray image classification
Authors: Giełczyk Agata , Marciniak Anna , Tarczewska Martyna , Lutowski Zbigniew 
Published: April 2022

Background
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic began in early 2020, paralyzing human life all over the world and threatening our security. Thus, the need for an effective, novel approach to diagnosing, preventing, and treating COVID-19 infections became paramount.

Methods
This article proposes a machine learning-based method for the classification of chest X-ray images. We also examined some of the pre-processing methods such as thresholding, blurring, and histogram equalization.

Results
We found the F1-score results rose to 97%, 96%, and 99% for the three analyzed classes: healthy, COVID-19, and pneumonia, respectively.

Conclusion
Our research provides proof that machine learning can be used to support medics in chest X-ray classification and improving pre-processing leads to improvements in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores.
Establishing the psychometric properties of constructs from the conceptual ‘Settlement Services Literacy’ framework and their relationship with migrants’ acculturative stress in Australia
Authors: Renzaho Andre M. N. , Polonsky Michael J. , Ferdous Ahmed , Yusuf Adnan , Abood Julianne , Salami Bukola Oladunni , Woodward Kerry , Green Julie 
Published: April 2022

Background
Effective migration often requires supports for new arrivals, referred to as settlement services. Settlement services literacy (SSL) is key to ensuring new migrants have the capability to access and utilise the information and services designed to support the resettlement process and achieve positive settlement outcomes. To date, however, no research has sought to empirically validate measures of SSL or to assess individual migrants’ levels of SSL. The aim of this study was to establish the psychometric properties of constructs from the conceptual SSL framework.

Design
Using a snowball sampling approach, trained multilingual research assistants collected data on 653 participants. The total sample was randomly divided into two split-half samples: one for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA; N = 324) and the other for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; N = 329) and scale validation. The final SSL scale included 30 questions. The full data set was used to test the nomological validity of the scale regarding whether the components of SSL impact on migrants’ level of acculturative stress.

Results
The EFA yielded five factors: knowledge (eight items, α = 0.88), empowerment (five items, α = 0.89), competence (four items, α = 0.86), community influence (four items, α = 0.82), and political (two items, α = 0.81). In the CFA, the initial model demonstrated a poor to marginal fit model. Its re-specification by examining modification indices resulted in a good model fit: CMIN/DF = 3.07, comparative fit index = 0.92, root mean square error of approximation = 0.08 and standardised root mean square residual = 0.07, which are consistent with recommendations. All the path coefficients between the second-order construct (SSL) and its five dimensions (knowledge, empowerment, competence, community influence and political) were significant at an α = .05 level, giving evidence for the validity of different SSL dimensions. We found that SSL is significantly related to migrants’ acculturative stress (β = - 0.39, p < 0.05) in the nomological model.

Conclusions
The study provides evidence of the construct validity and reliability of the SSL tool. It provides the basis for integrating the measures of SSL into evaluation of settlement services. This will allow for more effective decision-making in designing and implementing settlement services as well as funding and service agreements to address any deficiencies.
Safety and efficacy of colchicine in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Yasmin Farah , Najeeb Hala , Moeed Abdul , Hassan Wardah , Khatri Mahima , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib , Naveed Ahmed Kunwer , Ullah Waqas , Surani Salim 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundColchicine has been used an effective anti-inflammatory drug to treat gout diseases. Owing to its pharmacodynamic of inhibiting interleukins, it has been repurposed to target the cytokine storm post-SARS-CoV-2 invasion. The goal of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the safety profile of colchicine in COVID-19 patients using the gold-standard randomised-control trials.MethodsElectronic databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane) were systematically searched until June 2021 and RCTs were extracted. Outcomes of interest included all-cause mortality, COVID-19 severity, mechanical ventilation, C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels. Using a random-effects model, dichotomous outcomes were pooled using odds ratios (OR) through the generic inverse variance formula while weighted mean differences were calculated using the Wan’s method. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant for all outcomes.ResultsA total population of 16,048 from five RCTs were included in the analysis. Of this, 7957 were randomized to colchicine, and 8091 received standard care, with an average age of 60.67 years. Colchicine was observed to significantly reduce COVID-19 severity (OR: 0.41, 95% CI [0.22, 0.76]; p = 0.005), and CRP levels (WMD: -19.99, 95% CI [-32.09, -7.89]; p = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in D-dimer levels (WMD: 0.31, 95% CI [-0.61, 1.23]; p = 0.51), mechanical ventilation (OR: 0.42, 95% CI [0.17, 1.03]; p = 0.06; I2= 74%) and all-cause mortality (OR: 0.98, 95% CI [0.83, 1.16]; p = 0.84) among patients receiving colchicine or standard care.ConclusionColchicine treatment decreased CRP levels and COVID-19 severity, with dimer levels, all-cause mortality and mechanical ventilation remaining seemingly unaffected. Thus, clinical trials need to be carried out that allow effective evaluation of colchicine in COVID-19 patients.
Obesity influences composition of salivary and fecal microbiota and impacts the interactions between bacterial taxa
Authors: Bombin Andrei , Yan Shun , Bombin Sergei , Mosley Jonathan D. , Ferguson Jane F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObesity is an increasing global health concern and is associated with a broad range of morbidities. The gut microbiota are increasingly recognized as important contributors to obesity and cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to characterize oral and gut microbial communities, and evaluate host: microbiota interactions between clinical obesity classifications. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing on fecal and salivary samples, global metabolomics profiling on plasma and stool samples, and dietary profiling in 135 healthy individuals. We grouped individuals by obesity status, based on body mass index (BMI), including lean (BMI 18–124.9), overweight (BMI 25–29.9), or obese (BMI ≥30). We analyzed differences in microbiome composition, community inter‐relationships, and predicted microbial function by obesity status. We found that salivary bacterial communities of lean and obese individuals were compositionally and phylogenetically distinct. An increase in obesity status was positively associated with strong correlations between bacterial taxa, particularly with bacterial groups implicated in metabolic disorders including Fretibacterium, and Tannerella. Consumption of sweeteners, especially xylitol, significantly influenced compositional and phylogenetic diversities of salivary and fecal bacterial communities. In addition, obesity groups exhibited differences in predicted bacterial metabolic activity, which was correlated with host’s metabolite concentrations. Overall, obesity was associated with distinct changes in bacterial community dynamics, particularly in saliva. Consideration of microbiome community structure and inclusion of salivary samples may improve our ability to understand pathways linking microbiota to obesity and cardiometabolic disease.
Different spacer-arm attached magnetic nanoparticles for covalent immobilization of Jack bean urease
Authors: Gulesci Nuri , Yucebilgic Guzide , Yildirim Deniz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims the covalent immobilization of Jack bean urease on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles via glutaraldehyde (urease@MNPs-Si-Glu) and epichlorohydrin (urease@MNPs-ECH) spacer arms.

Methods
The optimum pH and temperature, thermal, storage and reuse stability of free and immobilized urease preparations were investigated. Thermodynamics characterizations of free and immobilized urease preparations were also studied.

Results
The free urease and both immobilized urease preparations showed maximal catalytic activity at pH 7.5. The free urease had a maximal catalytic activity at 50 °C, while the both immobilized urease preparations exhibited their maximal catalytic activities at 70 °C. The urease@MNPs-Si-Glu and urease@MNP-ECH showed 2.7- and 1.9-fold higher thermal stability than the free urease at 60 °C, respectively. The free urease remained 30% of their initial activity at 4 °C, while urease@MNPs-Si-Glu and urease@MNPs-ECH retained 72 and 60% of their initial activities at the same conditions. The urease@MNPs-Si-Glu and urease@MNPs-ECH preserved 53 and 52% of their initial activities, respectively for urea hydrolysis after 20 reuses.

Conclusions
The urease@MNPs-Si-Glu and urease@MNPs-ECH may find a potential application area in urea hydrolysis.
Opposition to a Final Decision on the Granting of a Patent or other Exclusive Rights After Changes in Industrial Property Law
Authors: Sieńczyło-Chlabicz Joanna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this article is primarily to analyse the norms of the opposition procedure to a final decision on granting a patent, a utility-model protection right or a registration right, contained in Art. 246–247 of the Industrial Property Law (IPL), taking into account both the provisions of substantive and procedural law as well as legal effects resulting from the adopted normative solutions regarding Art. 247 of the IPL in the amendment to the IPL of 16 October 2019. The model of opposition procedure adopted in Poland with the objection procedure in force in the Munich Convention is assessed. The presentation of the regulation of the opposition in the Munich Convention allows for a comparative legal analysis of the solutions contained therein with the relatively modest regulation provided for in Art. 246–247 of the IPL. The legal nature of the opposition, its subject and substantive legal grounds, as well as the inconsistently defined nature of the opposition period, are addressed. The controversial nature of the opposition proceedings is also discussed. The considerations made allowed for the formulation of de lege lata and de lege ferenda conclusions.