bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Weighting Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid: Complex Interactions between Formate Salts, Hydroxy Carboxylate Acid, and Guar
Authors: Liao Zihan , Chen Fu , Deng Yu , Wang Kuntai , von Gunten Konstantin , He Yuhe , Zhong Cheng 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Hydraulic fracturing has extended to both deep-terrestrial and deep-sea reservoirs because hydrocarbons in shallow subsurface are depleting. However, the density of common inorganic weighting agents may not give sufficient column pressure, which may compromise the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing fluids (HFF) and present potential risks to facilities and the environment. Here, we investigated hydroxypropyl guar (HPG)-based HFF (HPG-HFF) using potassium formate (PF) as a weighting agent with and without a hydroxy carboxylate acid (citric acid, abbreviation FW was used througout this study) as an additional dispersion stabilizer. Analyses included stability investigations, macro- and microrheology assessments, Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR) analyses, molecular dynamic simulations, and screening of crosslinking points. Our results showed that increased concentrations of PF substantially reduced the stability and viscosity of HPG solutions, but adding citric acid mitigated these drawbacks. Molecular dynamic modeling suggested that formate acid ions formed hydrogen bonds with HPG and water, resulting in reduced hydrophilicity and coiling of the HPG molecular chain. When citric acid was added, less formate ions surrounded the HPG molecule, and the forming FW ions primarily interacted with the HPG molecule through hydrogen bonding. Besides, the hydroxyl group of the citric acid may improve the hydrophilicity of the whole complex. Thus, the original nature of the HPG molecular chain could be compensated. Atomic force screening showed more crosslinking points with stronger intensity and an even distribution in the HPG-PF-citric acid gel system, compared to that in the HPG-PF gel system (without citric acid). Furthermore, thermal stability tests showed that the proposed PF-citric acid-HPG-HFF system could resist temperatures up to 120°C. Our study demonstrates the potential application of formate-based weighting agents, highlighting the effects of hydrogen bonding in complex HFF. This benchtop study provides a foundation for future research to understand the application of formate-FW-based weighting HPG-HFF in downhole high temperature conditions.
Prediction Model of Casing Wear Shape and Residual Strength under Compound Modes
Authors: Zhang Xingkun , Huang Wenjun , Gao Deli 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Casing wear is one important reason for wellbore integrity failure in deep and ultradeep wells. Field measurement data show that there are multiple wear areas on the casings in some well sections, and the wear shape is more complicated than a single crescent, which exceeds the scope of conventional casing wear theory. To solve this problem, prediction models of casing wear shape and residual strength under compound modes are built. First, the compound wear mode is divided into four categories according to field measurement results, and the prediction model of wear shape is built. Second, the failure mechanism of casing with the compound wear shape is revealed through experiment and numerical simulation. Next, the influences of various factors on casing strength are revealed, and an intelligent prediction model of casing strength is built. Last, a software platform of casing wear and strength prediction is developed and applied to an ultradeep well.
The results show that casing wear shape is not only a single crescent but also has the modes of overlapping, separating, and crossing crescents. Different wear modes are caused by different reasons: overlapping is caused by the change of wear diameter, separating by a large deviation of wear position, and crossing by slight deviation of wear position. The failure mechanisms of worn casing under internal and external pressures are different: Internal pressure failure is one kind of strength failure while external pressure failure is one kind of stability failure. The critical internal pressure of the casing is mainly determined by the main wear area but irrelevant to the secondary wear area, yet the critical external pressure is closely related to both the main and secondary wear areas. Casing strength will be overestimated if casing wear is neglected, so casing wear should be sufficiently considered in ultradeep well design.
Bayesian Deep Decline Curve Analysis: A New Approach for Well Oil Production Modeling and Forecasting
Authors: Tadjer Amine , Hong Aojie , Bratvold Reidar 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Following the rapid growth of unconventional resources, many models and methods have been proposed for forecasting the performances of unconventional wells. Several studies have attempted to use machine learning (ML) for improving the forecasting. However, owing to limitations of ML in regard to long-term forecasts (e.g., the occurrence of unphysical results), most of these ML forecasts are not satisfactory. In this work, we propose, demonstrate, and discuss a new ML approach able to rapidly provide probabilistic, long-term forecasts of oil production rates from individual wells in a decline curve analysis (DCA) manner. The novelties of the proposed approach are as follows: (1) it combines an automated ML (AutoML) method for supervised learning and a Bayesian neural ordinary differential equation (BN-ODE) framework for time-series modeling; (2) it uses the DCA model to inform the BN-ODE framework of “physics” and regulate the BN-ODE forecasts; and (3) several completion parameters (such as locations, lengths, and slickwater volume) of individual wells are analyzed and included as the inputs of model building, in addition to measured oil production rate data. Specifically, AutoML method is first used to model the relationship between the well location, completion parameters, and the DCAs parameters, and the BN-ODE framework is then used to model the relationship between the DCAs parameters and the time-series oil production rates. A publicly accessible data set, consisting of completion parameters and oil production rates, of 396 horizontal wells in the Bakken Shale Formation is used to train and test the model of the proposed approach. The results lead to the conclusion that the proposed approach is practical for providing probabilistic, long-term forecasts of oil production from individual wells, given data of existing wells in the reservoir.
QALY losses for chronic diseases and its social distribution in the general population: results from the Belgian Health Interview Survey
Authors: Wilder Lisa Van , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Clays Els , Heyden Johan Van der , Charafeddine Rana , Scohy Aline , De Smedt Delphine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background. The burden of chronic diseases is rapidly rising, both in terms of morbidity and mortality. This burden is disproportionally carried by socially disadvantaged population subgroups. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) measure the impact of disease on mortality and morbidity into a single index. This study aims to estimate the burden of chronic diseases in terms of QALY losses and to model its social distribution for the general population.Methods. The Belgian Health Interview Survey 2013 and 2018 provided data on self-reported chronic conditions for a nationally representative sample. The annual QALY loss per 100,000 individuals was calculated for each condition, incorporating disease prevalence and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data (EQ-5D-5L). Socioeconomic inequalities, based on respondents’ socioeconomic status (SES), were assessed by estimating population attributable fractions (PAF).Results. For both years, the largest QALY losses were observed in dorsopathies, arthropathies, hypertension/high cholesterol, and genitourinary problems. QALY losses were larger in women and in older individuals. Individuals with high SES had consistently lower QALY loss when facing a chronic disease compared to those with low SES. In both years, a higher PAF was found in individuals with hip fracture and stroke. In 2013, the health inequality gap amounts to 33,732 QALYs and further expanded to 42,727 QALYs in 2018. Conclusion. Given that chronic diseases will rise in the next decades, addressing its burden is necessary, particularly among the most vulnerable (i.e. elderly, women, low SES). Interventions in these target groups should get priority in order to reduce the burden of chronic diseases.
Pneumocephalus and Headache Following Craniotomy During the Immediate Postoperative Period
Authors: Kim Tae Kwan , Yoon Jun Rho , Kim Yee Suk , Choi Yuna , Han Seheui , Jung Jaeuk , Park IK Seong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Pneumocephalus may be responsible for post-craniotomy headache but is easily overlooked in the clinical situation. In the present study, the relationship between the amount of intracranial air and post-craniotomy headache was investigated. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed on 79 patients who underwent minimal invasive craniotomy for unruptured cerebral aneurysms. The amount of air in the cranial cavity was measured using brain computed tomography (CT) taken within 6 hours after surgery. To measure the degree of pain due to intracranial air, daily and total analgesic administration amount were used as a pain index. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine the amount of air associated with increased analgesic consumption over 72 hours postoperatively. Results The mean amount of intracranial air was 15.6 ± 9.1 mL. Total administration of parenteral and oral analgesics frequency were 6.5 ± 4.5, 13.2 ± 7.9 respectively. A statically significant correlation was observed between daily and total parenteral analgesic consumption after surgery and the amount of intracranial air at followed-up brain CT postoperatively within 24 h (r = 0.69, p < 0.001), within 48 h (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), and total duration after surgery (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value of 12.14 mL of intracranial air predicts the use of parenteral analgesics over 72 h after surgery. Conclusions Pneumocephalus may be a causative factor for post-craniotomy pain and headache with surgical injuries.
Measuring and Controlling Medical Record Abstraction (MRA) Error Rates in an Observational Study
Authors: Garza Maryam Y. , Ounpraseuth Songthip , Hu Zhuopei , Lee Jeannette , Snowden Jessica , Zozus Meredith N. , Walden Anita C. , Simon Alan E. , McClaskey Barbara , Sanders Sarah G. , Beauman Sandra S. , Ford Sara R. , Malloch Lacy , Wilson Amy , Devlin Lori A. , Young Leslie W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that data collection by medical record abstraction (MRA) is a significant source of error in clinical studies. Yet, the quality of data collected using MRA is seldom assessed. We employed a novel, theory-based framework for data quality assurance and control of MRA. The objective of this work is to determine the effects of formalized MRA training and continuous quality control (QC) processes on data quality over time. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of QC data collected during a cross-sectional medical record review of mother-infant dyads with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome. A confidence interval approach was used to calculate crude (Wald’s method) and adjusted (generalized estimating equation) error rates over time. Comparison of error rates with estimates derived from meta-analysis of the literature on the topic were conducted. We calculated error rates using the number of errors divided by total fields (“all-field” error rate) and populated fields (“populated-field” error rate) as the denominators, to provide both an optimistic and a conservative measurement, respectively. Results: On average, the ACT NOW CE Study maintained an error rate between 1% (optimistic) and 3% (conservative), 3-5 percentage points less than the observed rate from the literature. Additionally, we observed a decrease of 0.51 percentage points with each additional QC Event conducted.Conclusions: Formalized MRA training and continuous QC resulted in lower error rates than have been found in previous literature and a decrease in error rates over time. This study newly demonstrates the importance of continuous process controls for MRA within the context of a multi-site clinical research study.
Non-attendance to Mammography Screening: A Qualitative Study among Non-attendees in Malta
Authors: Marmarà Danika , Hubbard Gill , Marmarà Vincent 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
There is limited qualitative research exploring reasons for underutilisation of breast screening and the broader contexts that affect health-seeking behaviour among women who do not respond to breast screening invitations. This study aims to advance understanding of factors that influence breast screening non-attendance among lifetime non-attendees in Malta.
Methods
Twenty face-to-face qualitative interviews were conducted with women in Malta. These explored women’s illness perceptions regarding breast cancer, knowledge on screening, mammography beliefs, past health-related experiences, medical help seeking behaviour, health and social interactions, and effective interventions that would facilitate mammography attendance. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Four themes emerged: 1) attitudes, feelings, beliefs and perceptions; 2) knowledge; 3) social network experiences and 4) perceived effective interventions. Fear of breast cancer and screening emerged as barriers to mammography. The majority of participants had not received physician advice. Previous familial cancer diagnosis prompted lifestyle changes in women, but it was not the primary motivator to attendance. Participants talked about fear of death and traumatic histories from experiences of relatives with cancer or personal traumas. Practical and emotional support are important to non-attendees.
Conclusions
The impact of physical and psychosocial variables on personal resilience and self-confidence should inform the planning of screening interventions. Professionals must refer to patients’ wider support networks and make the necessary referrals, while policy makers should ensure services providing psychological, social and emotional support are accessible.
The Incidence of Severe Oral Mucositis and Taste Disturbance in Patients Undergoing Different Conditioning Regimens in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Nakagaki Midori , Kennedy Glen A , Gavin Nicole C , Clavarino Alexandra , Whitfield Karen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PurposeOral mucositis and taste disturbance are common complications during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study aimed to review the incidence of severe mucositis and taste disturbance in patients undergoing different HSCT regimens. MethodsThis single-centre retrospective study reviewed daily oral assessment for 467 consecutive patients who underwent different transplant regimens for matched unrelated or related allogeneic HSCT with post-transplant methotrexate, haploidentical or mismatched HSCT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy), or autologous HSCT. Oral care and cryotherapy with melphalan were used. Patient demographic data, oral mucositis WHO grade, taste disturbance, use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) were collected. ResultsGrade 3-4 oral mucositis was common in myeloablative total body irradiation (TBI) based regimens cyclophosphamide/ TBI (CyTBI) (71%) and fludarabine/ TBI (FluTBI) with PTCy (46%), as well as reduced intensity fludarabine/ melphalan (FluMel) (43%) and carmustine/ etoposide/ cytarabine/ melphalan (BEAM) autologous HSCT (41%). In contrast, Grade 3-4 oral mucositis was less common in reduced intensity haploidentical regimen melphalan/ fludarabine/ TBI with PTCy (19%), all non-myeloablative regimens (0-9%) and high dose melphalan autologous HSCT (26%). TPN and PCA use were correlated to oral mucositis severity. Taste disturbance was common regardless of the regimens (89%, range 71-95%). ConclusionsSevere oral mucositis was associated with myeloablative TBI, methotrexate and melphalan in combination with methotrexate and in BEAM. Use of PTCy was preferable over methotrexate to prevent oral mucositis.
Therapeutic hypothermia for the treatment of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: sex-dependent modulation of reactive astrogliosis
Authors: Fabres Rafael Bandeira , Nunes Ricardo Ribeiro , de Mattos Marcel de Medeiros , Andrade Mirella Kielek Galvan , Martini Ana Paula Rodrigues , Tassinari Isadora D’Ávila , Sanches Eduardo Farias , de Fraga Luciano Stürmer , Netto Carlos Alexandre 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard treatment for neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) with a time window limited up to 6h post injury. However, influence of sexual dimorphism in the therapeutic window for TH has not yet been elucidated in animal models of HI. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the most effective time window to start TH in male and female rats submitted to neonatal HI. Wistar rats (P7) were divided into the following groups: NAÏVE and SHAM (control groups), HI (submitted to HI) and TH (submitted to HI and TH; 32ºC for 5h). TH was started at 2h (TH-2h group), 4h (TH-4h group), or 6h (TH-6h group) after HI. At P14, animals were subjected to behavioural tests, volume of lesion and reactive astrogliosis assessments. Male and female rats from the TH-2h group showed reduction in the latency of behavioral tests, and decrease in volume of lesion and intensity of GFAP immunofluorescence. TH-2h females also showed reduction of degenerative cells and morphological changes in astrocytes. Interestingly, females from the TH-6h group showed an increase in volume of lesion and in number of degenerative hippocampal cells, associated with worse behavioral performance. Together, these results indicate that TH neuroprotection is time- and sex-dependent. Moreover, TH started later (6h) can worsen volume of brain lesion in females. These data indicate the need to develop specific therapeutic protocols for each sex and reinforce the importance of early onset of the hypothermic treatment.
QTL-mapping in the obese Berlin Fat Mouse identifies additional candidate genes for obesity and fatty liver disease
Authors: Delpero Manuel , Arends Danny , Freiberg Aimée , Brockmann Gudrun , Hesse-Wilting Deike 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred line (BFMI) is a model for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with liver weight, liver triglycerides, and body weight using the obese BFMI sub-line BFMI861-S1. BFMI861-S1 mice are insulin resistant and store ectopic fat in the liver.
Methods
In generation 10, 58 males and 65 females of the advanced intercross line (AIL) BFMI861-S1xB6N were phenotyped under a standard diet over 20 weeks. QTL analysis was performed after genotyping with the MiniMUGA Genotyping Array. Whole-genome sequencing and gene expression data of the parental lines was used for the prioritization of positional candidate genes.
Results
Three QTL associated with liver weight, body weight, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) weight were identified. A highly significant QTL on chromosome (Chr) 1 (157–168 Mb) showed an association with liver weight. A QTL for body weight at 20 weeks was found on Chr 3 (34.1–40 Mb) overlapping with a QTL for scAT weight. In a multiple QTL mapping approach, an additional QTL affecting body weight at 16 weeks was identified on Chr 6 (9.5–26.1 Mb). Considering sequence variants and expression differences, Sec16b and Astn1 were prioritized as top positional candidate genes for the liver weight QTL on Chr 1; Met and Ica1 for the body weight QTL on Chr 6. Interestingly, all top candidate genes have previously been linked with metabolic traits.
Conclusions
This study shows once more the power of an advanced intercross line for fine mapping. QTL mapping combined with a detailed prioritization approach allowed us to identify additional and plausible candidate genes linked to metabolic traits in the BFMI861-S1xB6N AIL. By reidentifying known candidate genes in a different crossing population the causal link with specific traits is underlined and additional evidence is given for further investigations.
Quantifying Participant Burden In Clinical Trials: Data From Prostate Cancer Rcts
Authors: Shiely Frances , Gallagher Kerrie , Dorgan Amy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The restrictions implemented due to the COVID pandemic have underscored the importance of clinical research and trial methodology, while also highlighting the potential need for reduced clinical visits or face to face interaction. This has reignited the discussion surrounding the impact of clinical research participation on trial participants. The primary aim of this study was to quantify participant burden in a sample of prostate cancer clinical trials. Secondary to this was establishing the effect of participant burden on recruitment and retention. Methods: We identified a body of prostate cancer clinical trials in a five-year period from 2017-2021 and randomly selected 30 for inclusion. We categorised participant burden as physical, psychological, economic, familial and societal. We created a measurement tool called the Trial Burden Score and applied it to each included trial. We used the trial burden score to categorise each trial into high participant burden, medium participant burden and low participant burden. We compared the trial burden to recruitment and retention rates in each trial.Results: 50% (n = 15) of the included trials were categorized as high participant burden, 47% (n = 14) as medium participant burden and one trial was categorized as low participant burden. The median participant burden score for each category was: physical burden 11 (range 8-16); psychological burden 14 range (11-18); economic burden 5 (range 2-6); familial burden 10 (range6-11); societal burden 0 (range 0-1). There was no association between stage of cancer diagnosis and the participant burden categories (low, medium, high). There was no correlation between trial burden score and under recruitment percentage and trial burden score and retention. Conclusions: The burden placed on clinical trials participants is significant and requires consideration at the trial design stage. Serious thought should be given to only collecting data necessary to answer the research question while also ensuring the trial is applicable to the population it purports to serve. Limiting burden to improve participant trial experience is vital to ensure our participants have a positive experience, stay in the trial, pass on this positivity to others and are willing to participate in further trials.