bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary mineralogical and physicochemical characterization of the Neogene clays from the Timgad Basin (Massif of Aurès, NE Algeria): potential use in the manufacturing of bricks and ceramic industry
Authors: Lamouri Bachir , Labadi Sedik Abdallah , Boukoffa Mechati , Chouaf Ibtissem , Djouder Hocine , Djaiz Fouad , Bouabsa Lakhdar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Abstract
This study aims at the mineralogical and physicochemical characterization of the clay formations of the Miocene age from the Timgad Basin (Massif of Aurès, NE Algeria), in order to evaluate their possible valorization, notably for their potential use in the manufacturing of bricks and ceramic industry. For this purpose, four samples were taken from a clay-dominated formation that outcrops 5 km east of the Timgad city. Each sample was collected, prepared, and analyzed by the appropriate analytical methods of characterization such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, other complementary analyses are performed in this study such as laser granulometry and geotechnical tests. The results of the different tests revealed that the clay formations of the Timgad Basin are non-refractory clays and characterized by medium plasticity. These clays are constituted of more than 50% of fine fraction, mainly represented by kaolinite in association with non-negligible proportions of illite, chlorite, mixed-layer clay minerals, and traces of smectite. Besides, this clayey assemblage is accompanied by some proportion of quartz and calcite, as well as traces of hematite, feldspar, and gypsum. In the light of these results and in combination with the particle size distribution, as well as the results of geotechnical tests, it is concluded that the Neogene clays of the Timgad Basin present high limits of Atterberg. Consequently, their use in the field of manufacturing of bricks and terra cotta ‘Terre Cuite’ products is subordinated to a preliminary treatment with addition of a degreasing agent, in the form of coarse sand, in order to improve their plasticity.

Article Highlights

Mineralogical and physicochemical properties of the Neogene clays from the Timgad Basin have been investigated.

The studied clays have ideal mineralogical composition and physicochemical properties thus making them applicable in the manufacturing of bricks and ceramic industry.

Addition of coarse sand to the Neogene clays will greatly improve the plasticity of these raw materials.
Particle shape characterizations for energetic materials by computational geometry and stereology method
Authors: Jia Xianzhen , Liu Ruipeng , Ren Haichao , Han Yutong , Ouyang Jian , Zheng Hang , Peng Cao , Zheng Junxing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractParticle shapes significantly affect viscosity and flow behavior of energetic materials, and therefore affect their packability and processability. This study presents a computational geometry framework for automatically quantifying two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) particle shapes of energetic materials. A specimen by mixing three typical energetic materials including HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine), RDX (1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine) and AP (Ammonium Perchlorate) particles is used in this study. This specimen is scanned by high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT), yielding a volumetric image. An improved watershed analysis algorithm is used to process the volumetric image to identify individual 3D particles. The stereology sampling method is used to obtain 2D projections of 3D particles. Computational geometry techniques are developed by this study to analyze 2D particle projections and 3D particle geometries to compute seven commonly used shape descriptors, including convexity, circularity, intercept sphericity, area sphericity, diameter sphericity, circle ratio sphericity, and surface area sphericity. Results show that those different shape descriptors of energetic materials can be divided into three groups based on their numerical ranges. This study also evaluates the effectiveness and accuracy of 2D shape descriptors for quantifying the true 3D shapes. The inconsistent characterization results between 2D and 3D shape descriptors suggest that researchers should be cautious when using 2D images to characterize 3D particle shapes of energetic materials. The computational geometry framework and particle shape analysis results presented in this study can be potentially useful in numerical modeling, experimental analysis, and theoretical investigation for energetic materials.
Analysis of the effect of unsteady reservoir flow and sand excavation on the channel conditions of the Yangtze River (Yibin-Chongqing)
Authors: Zhang Shuai-shuai , Yang Sheng-fa , Zeng Shi-yu , Liu Xin-yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper systematically describes the current research methods for analyzing unsteady flows in an open channel. In particular, it focuses on elaborating a discrete method to solve the one-dimensional Saint–Venant equations for unsteady flow in an open channel, compares the advantages and disadvantages of different discrete methods, and proposes a new implicit iterative mathematical model applicable to the calculation of the multiwavelength unsteady flow in the Yangtze River from Yibin to Chongqing. This paper also simulates three typical unsteady flow processes and analyzes the effect of sand excavation on the water level in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River from Yibin to Chongqing considering flood, normal-water, and low-water conditions. The spreading characteristics of the daily adjusted unsteady flow were obtained in the Shuifu-Chongqing river reach. Under the conditions of the daily minimum unsteady discharge flow rate, the designed water level of the reach from Yibin to Chongqing increases by 0.19 m compared to the natural water level. With the increase in concentrated sand excavation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, a large number of shingle beaches have disappeared, and the riverbed has been drastically lowered. Affected by the excessive and unordered sand excavation in the river channel, the water level of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River from Chongqing to Yibin has decreased by 0.5–2.0 m.
Improving the quality of traditional Iranian bread by using sourdough and optimizing the fermentation conditions
Authors: Naji-Tabasi Sara , Shahidi-Noghabi Mostafa , Hosseininezhad Marzieh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to improve the quality and nutritional value of Barbari bread using sourdough and whole wheat-barley flour. To optimize the fermentation condition, the effect of sourdough content (15–30%), temperature (30–45 °C), and time (30–120 min) of fermentation on Barbari bread characteristics (specific volume, porosity, textural characteristics, phytic acid and sensory properties) were investigated. The optimal conditions obtained by the model for the production of Barbari bread were found 30.00% sourdough, 39.39 °C temperature, and 55.81 min fermentation time. Under optimal condition, the overall acceptance, hardness, gumminess, chewability, volume, porosity, and phytic acid were 3.63, 38.58 N, 24.61 N, 193.50 N/mm, 1.69%, 17.71%, and 0.151%, respectively, which was consistent with experimental data. The phytic acid content significantly decreased by increasing sourdough and fermentation time, which resulted in the highest content of zinc and iron content.
Structural behavior of hollow-core reinforced self-compacting concrete beams
Authors: Ismael Murtada A. , Hameed Yahyia M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation on the structural performance of hollow-core reinforced self-compacting concrete beams and performs an optimization analysis to select the optimum hollow-core beam section, as well as perform a sustainability analysis. The experimental program includes constructing and testing five beams with different longitudinal hollow-core diameters created by using recycled plastic pipes, as well as a solid beam, used as a reference specimen. The results show that it can reduce the concrete from self-compacting concrete beams with percentages from 5.4 to 14.2 with a decrease in the first crack load from 9.1 to 22.7% and the ultimate strength from 2.3 to 10.5% respectively compared to the reference solid beam. The optimization analysis shows that the beam of 46 mm diameter hollow-core is the optimum selection in the concrete volume reduction of 11.1%, cracking load, and ultimate load reduction of 13.6% and 9.3% respectively among all the other beam specimens. While the sustainability analysis reveals that, using longitudinal voids of diameters from 32 to 52 mm leads to a decrease in the embodied energy with percentages from 5.4 to 14.2% and carbon dioxide emission with percentages from 5.4 to 14.1% respectively. Increasing the longitudinal void diameter makes hollow-core self-compacting concrete beams more ductile and exhibits large deflections before failure occurrences.Article HighlightsTests on hollow-core reinforced self-compacting concrete beams are conducted.Recycled plastic pipes are used to create hollow-core in the beams and to reduce ineffective concrete.Reducing ineffective concrete contributes to sustainability with maintaining a good ratio of beam strength.
No common position! European arms export control in crisis
Authors: Wisotzki Simone , Mutschler Max 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe European arms export control system is facing a dual crisis: An ongoing crisis of effectiveness has led to a crisis of legitimacy. In many ways, that crisis is a permanent one, where collective efforts to regulate a policy field and implement agreed-upon norms and rules fail to succeed. To explain the different layers of the European arms export control crisis, we draw on global governance research of International Relations and legalisation approaches of international law. The lack of effectiveness of the European Union Common Position on arms exports has become particularly visible in the two review processes where member states failed to agree on meaningful revisions. The Europeanisation of arms production adds additional pressure to the system, as member states differ in their national arms export licensing policy practices. In sum, these developments have led non-governmental organisations and civil society to protest and file successful court cases against arms export practices violating international humanitarian law and human rights law. The article also focuses on possible means of alleviating the crisis of European arms export control.
Politicized Social Work Future — A Quantitative Study Comparing Social Work Students’ Voluntary Political Participation in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland
Authors: Kindler Tobias , Kulke Dieter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis quantitative study focuses on the political engagement of social work students by comparing the extent of voluntary political participation and the factors that influence this type of engagement among Austrian (n = 197), German (n = 2998), and Swiss students (n = 453). Findings indicate that Swiss students are most engaged in political activities, followed by Austrian and German participants. Consistent with the findings of previous scholarship, the results of this study show that social work students prefer to participate in passive activities rather than in active forms of political participation. The study identifies internal political efficacy, political ideology, political interest, membership, and the country of residence as main factors influencing voluntary political participation among social work students. Along with similarities among the countries, this article also identifies and discusses differences between the three countries. Finally, ideas for future research directions are discussed based on the findings of this study.
Décentrer l’histoire européenne par les marges : visions plurielles d’une modernité fragmentée
Authors: Werner Michael 
Published: April 2022

Décentrer l’histoire européenne par les marges : visions plurielles d’une modernité fragmentéeL’article aborde la question d’une historiographie globale de l’Europe à partir de deux angles. Dans un premier temps, il s’attache aux difficultés, tant historiques qu’épistémologiques, à saisir l’objet Europe, notamment après les transformations historiographiques induites par 1989, l’affirmation des études postcoloniales, l’émergence progressive de la critique de l’eurocentrisme et, enfin, aujourd’hui, l’invitation à prendre le « tournant global ». Les conceptions de l’Europe qui se dégagent de ces propositions ont l’inconvénient de se fonder sur une vision de l’Europe plutôt homogénéisée, centrée sur les grands États-nations de l’Europe occidentale et leurs politiques impériales. Elles véhiculent également, tout en la critiquant, l’idée d’une modernité dont l’Europe aurait été à la fois le foyer historique et l’agent d’expansion à l’échelle mondiale. Dans un second temps, afin de circonscrire les taches aveugles inhérentes à ce genre de visions, l’article propose un déplacement du regard, en fixant le poste d’observation dans les confins orientaux et balkaniques de l’Europe, à l’intersection des trois empires austro-hongrois, ottoman et russe, pour une période équivalant au « long » xixe siècle. Ce changement de perspective fait apparaître non seulement une grande diversité de vues des acteurs locaux, mais aussi le déplacement qui s’opère dans la conception du lien entre Europe et modernité, l’importance des sociétés locales multiculturelles et pluriethniques ainsi que le rôle particulier de populations transnationales qui, comme les juifs, tout en négociant leur rapport propre à une modernité européenne, échappent à l’emprise des mouvements nationaux.
Hospital Evacuation Implications After the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake
Authors: Shimoto Manabu , Cho Kosai , Kurata Masahiro , Hitomi Mayu , Kato Yoichi , Aida Shinji , Sugiyama Osamu , Maki Norio , Ohtsuru Shigeru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, 10 hospitals took responsibility for complete evacuation, in what has become regarded as one of the largest evacuations of patients in 1 seismic disaster. We aimed to examine the reasons for evacuation and to assess hospital vulnerability as well as preparedness for the earthquake. A multidisciplinary team conducted semi-structured interviews with the hospitals 6 months after the earthquake. The primary reasons for the decision to evacuate hospitals were categorized into 3: 1) Concern for structural safety (4 facilities), 2) Damage to the facility water system (7 facilities), and 3) Cessation of regional water supply (5 facilities).All hospitals decided on immediate evacuation within 30 hours and could not wait for structural engineers to inspect the affected buildings. Damage to sprinklers or water facilities caused severe water shortages and flood, thus requiring weeks to resume inpatient care. The earthquake revealed the vulnerability of rapid building-inspection systems, aging buildings, and water infrastructure.
Profile and Outcome of Victims of an Earthquake in an Aging Society: A Population-Based Descriptive Study of the Earthquake in Osaka, Japan, on June 18, 2018
Authors: Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Tanaka Jun , Nakao Shota , Nitta Masahiko , Fujimi Satoshi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki , Shimazu Takeshi , Matsuoka Tetsuya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study is to reveal the characteristics and outcomes of patients injured in a major earthquake and who were transported to a hospital by ambulance.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective descriptive epidemiological study including all patients who were injured after a major earthquake struck Osaka Prefecture on June 18, 2018, and were transported to a hospital by ambulance. The main outcome was the prognosis at each hospital’s emergency department.

Results:
In total, 214 patients were included in the analysis. Their median age was 74 years (IQR, 54-82); 53 (24.8%) were men and 161 (75.2%) were women. The median time from ambulance call to arrival at the scene was 10 min (IQR, 7-15), and the median time from ambulance call to the hospital arrival was 37 min (IQR, 30-51). Ninety-seven patients (45.3%) were admitted to a hospital, 114 patients (53.3%) were discharged home to and from the emergency department, and 3 patients (1.4%) died. Among the patients discharged to home from the emergency department, the most common pathological condition was head bruising in 16 patients.

Conclusions:
This study revealed the profile of injured patients transported by ambulances after an earthquake that struck an aging society.
What is the extent of a frequency-dependent social learning strategy space?
Authors: Bellamy Aysha , McKay Ryan , Vogt Sonja , Efferson Charles 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Models of frequency-dependent social learning posit that individuals respond to the commonality of behaviours without additional variables modifying this. Such strategies bring important trade-offs e.g., conformity is beneficial when observing people facing the same task but harmful when observing those facing a different task. Instead of rigidly responding to frequencies, however, social learners might modulate their response given additional information. To see, we ran an incentivised experiment where participants played either a game against nature or a coordination game. There were three types of information: (i) choice frequencies in a group of demonstrators, (ii) an indication of whether these demonstrators learned in a similar or different environment, and (iii) an indication about the reliability of this similarity information. Similarity information was either reliably correct, uninformative, or reliably incorrect, where reliably correct and reliably incorrect treatments provided participants with equivalent earning opportunities. Participants adjusted their decision-making to all three types of information. Adjustments, however, were asymmetric, with participants doing especially well when conforming to demonstrators who were reliably similar to them. The overall response, however, was more fluid and complex than this one case. This flexibility should attenuate the trade-offs commonly assumed to shape the evolution of frequency-dependent social learning strategies.
Nonmineralized triradial conulariids from the lowermost Cambrian Stage 2 of the Olenek Uplift, Siberian Platform
Authors: Sarsembaev Zhiger A. , Marusin Vasiliy V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the early Cambrian fossil record, triradial symmetry is typical for anabaritids and occurs among carinachitids. The former are an extinct group of minute benthic cnidarians covered with a calcareous tubular exoskeleton. The origin of the anabaritids is poorly understood, but previously reported triradial pyramid-shaped steinkerns and molds of the oldest conulariids, Vendoconularia, from the upper Ediacaran of the White Sea region suggested the anabaritids were closely related to conulariids. However, triradial symmetry could originate independently in different lineages in the late Ediacaran and early Cambrian. Herein we describe a new taxon, Ilankirus kessyusensis new genus new species, from the base of the Cambrian Stage 2 of the Olenek Uplift (Siberian Platform). These fossils occur as ornamented steinkerns in the shape of trilateral pyramids and lack any relics of a mineralized exoskeleton. Abundant plastic deformations and fractures of the casts suggest the organism was weakly if at all mineralized. The steinkerns are encrusted with a thin patina of iron-rich chlorite (chamosite) formed because of a multistage diagenetic replacement of authigenic glauconite (glauconite–berthierine–chamosite) under reducing conditions of oxygen-depauperate pore- and seawater. Both lacking two major autapomorphies of the crown-group conulariids (mineralized periderm and quadrate cross section of the oral region of the periderm), the late Ediacaran triradial Vendoconularia and Terreneuvian Ilankirus represent stem-group conulariids.UUID: http://zoobank.org/a2ce04fa-36a5-485a-806c-f13f4749fc7f
Malice at the Gates of Eden: current and future distribution ofAgrilus malithreatening wild and domestic apples
Authors: Lu Zhaozhi , Liu Xiaoxian , Wang Ting , Zhang Ping , Wang Zhenlin , Zhang Yanlong , Kriticos Darren J. , Zalucki Myron P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe apple buprestid,Agrilus maliMatsumura, that was widespread in north-eastern China, was accidently introduced to the wild apple forest ecosystem in mountainous areas of Xinjiang, China. This invasive beetle feeds on domesticated apples and many species ofMalusand presents a serious threat to ancestral apple germplasm sources and apple production worldwide. Estimating the potential area at risk of colonization byA. maliis crucial for instigating appropriate preventative management strategies, especially under global warming. We developed a CLIMEX model ofA. malito project this pest's potential distribution under current and future climatic scenarios in 2100 using CSIRO-Mk 3.0 GCM running the SRES A1B emissions scenario. Under current climate,A. malicould potentially invade neighbouring central Asia and eventually the mid-latitude temperate zone, and some subtropical areas and Pampas Steppe in the Southern Hemisphere. This potential distribution encompasses wild apples species, the ancestral germplasm for domesticated apples. With global warming, the potential distribution shifts to higher latitudes, with the potential range expanding slightly, though the overall suitability could decline in both hemispheres. In 2100, the length of the growing season of this pest in the mid-latitude temperature zone could increase by 1–2 weeks, with higher growth rates in most sites compared with current climate in mid-latitudes, at least in China. Our work highlights the need for strategies to prevent the spread of this pest, managing the threats to wild apples in Tian Shan Mountain forests in Central Asia, and commercial apple production globally. We discuss practical management tactics to reduce the spread of this pest and mitigate its impacts.
Aligning Virtual Care in Canada with the Needs of Older Adults
Authors: Pang Hilary Y. M. , Zhao Grace , Kithulegoda Natasha , Agarwal Payal , Ivers Noah M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPublic health measures associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have accelerated the adoption of virtual health care across Canada. We explore the opportunities that virtual care presents in achieving the Quadruple Aim and challenges to navigate, through the lens of care for older adults. In particular, we recommend virtual care-related policies related to older adults that address (a) limited uptake among the socio-economically disadvantaged, (b) user-centered design of virtual care technologies, and (c) integration of iterative evaluations to ensure equitable and efficient achievement of desired outcomes. As virtual care accelerates forward, we must not leave older Canadians behind.
Hybrid management of dysphagia lusoria in a boy with Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
Authors: Chiu Peter , Perry Stanton , Bernstein Daniel , Maeda Katsuhide 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a case of dysphagia lusoria in a wheelchair-bound 9-year-old boy with Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy. Due to the patient’s limited mobility and restrictive ventilatory defect, the patient was too high risk for open repair, and hybrid revascularisation with carotid-to-subclavian bypass and endovascular occlusion of the proximal right subclavian was undertaken. The patient has been followed up for 18 months with no residual symptoms.