bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular-related conditions and risk factors in primary care for deprived communities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study in Northern England
Authors: Fu Yu , Price Christopher , Haining Shona , Gaffney Bob , Julien David , Whitty Paula , Newton Julia L 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe North East of England, ranked as having the highest poverty levels and the lowest health outcomes, has the highest cardiovascular disease (CVD) premature mortality. This study aimed to compare CVD-related conditions and risk factors for deprived practice populations with other general practice (GP) populations in Northern England to England overall, before and during COVID-19 to identify changes in recorded CVD-related risk factors and conditions and evidence-based lipid prescribing behaviour.DesignA population-based observational study of aggregated practice-level data obtained from publicly accessible data sets.Setting34 practices that fall into the 15% most deprived practice populations in England were identified as the most deprived communities in the North East and North Cumbria (Deep End).ParticipantsPatients aged ≥16 registered with GP and diagnosed with any form of CVD.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCVD-related conditions and risk factors, statin prescribing.ResultsDeep End (n=263 830) had a smaller, younger and more deprived population with lower levels of employment and full-time education and higher smoking prevalence. They had some higher recorded CVD-related conditions than England but lower than the non-Deep End. Atrial fibrillation (−0.9, –0.5), hypertension (−3.7, –1.3) and stroke and transient ischaemic attack rates (−0.5, –0.1) appeared to be lower in the Deep End than in the non-Deep End but the optimal statin prescribing rate was higher (3.1, 8.2) than in England.ConclusionRecorded CVD-related risk factors and conditions remained comparable before and during COVID-19. These are higher in the Deep End than in England and similar or lower than the non-Deep End, with a higher optimal statin prescribing rate. However, it was not possible to control for age and sex. More work is needed to estimate the consequences of the pandemic on disadvantaged communities and to compare whether the findings are replicated in other areas of deprivation.
Experience of a 2-year spinal muscular atrophy NBS pilot study in Italy: towards specific guidelines and standard operating procedures for the molecular diagnosis
Authors: Abiusi Emanuela , Vaisfeld Alessandro , Fiori Stefania , Novelli Agnese , Spartano Serena , Faggiano Maria Vittoria , Giovanniello Teresa , Angeloni Antonio , Vento Giovanni , Santoloci Roberta , Gigli Francesca , D'Amico Adele , Costa Simonetta , Porzi Alessia , Panella Mara , Ticci Chiara , Daniotti Marta , Sacchini Michele , Boschi Ilaria , Dani Carlo , Agostiniani Rino , Bertini Enrico , Lanzone Antonio , Lamarca Giancarlo , Genuardi Maurizio , Pane Marika , Donati Maria Alice , Mercuri Eugenio , Tiziano Francesco Danilo 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is due to the homozygous absence ofSMN1in around 97% of patients, independent of the severity (classically ranked into types I–III). The high genetic homogeneity, coupled with the excellent results of presymptomatic treatments of patients with each of the three disease-modifying therapies available, makes SMA one of the golden candidates to genetic newborn screening (NBS) (SMA-NBS). The implementation of SMA in NBS national programmes occurring in some countries is an arising new issue that the scientific community has to address. We report here the results of the first Italian SMA-NBS project and provide some proposals for updating the current molecular diagnostic scenario.MethodsThe screening test was performed by an in-house-developed qPCR assay, amplifyingSMN1andSMN2. Molecular prognosis was assessed on fresh blood samples.ResultsWe found 15 patients/90885 newborns (incidence 1:6059) having the followingSMN2genotypes: 1 (one patient), 2 (eight patients), 2+c.859G>C variant (one patient), 3 (three patients), 4 (one patient) or 6 copies (one patient). Six patients (40%) showed signs suggestive of SMA at birth. We also discuss some unusual cases we found.ConclusionThe molecular diagnosis of SMA needs to adapt to the new era of the disease with specific guidelines and standard operating procedures. In detail, SMA diagnosis should be felt as a true medical urgency due to therapeutic implications;SMN2copy assessment needs to be standardised; commercially available tests need to be improved for higherSMN2copies determination; and theSMN2splicing-modifier variants should be routinely tested in SMA-NBS.
Percutaneous sclerotherapy for head and neck lymphatic malformations in neonates and infants ≤12 months of age
Authors: Caton M Travis , Duvvuri Madhavi , Baker Amanda , Smith Eric R , Narsinh Kazim H , Amans Matthew R , Hetts Steven W , Higashida Randall T , Cooke Daniel L , Dowd Christopher F 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPercutaneous sclerotherapy is an effective treatment for lymphatic malformations (LM) of the head and neck in adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the indications and efficacy of sclerotherapy for head/neck LM in the neonate and infant population.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients treated with percutaneous sclerotherapy for LM of the head/neck at age ≤12 months at a single vascular anomalies clinic. The clinical, anatomic, and technical aspects of each treatment, complications, and post-treatment clinical and imaging outcomes were analyzed.Results22 patients underwent 36 treatments during the first year of life. Median age at first treatment was 6.2 months (range 2–320 days). Severe airway compromise was the most frequent indication for treatment (31.8%). Sclerosants included doxycycline (80.5%), sodium tetradecyl sulfate (55.5%), bleomycin (11.1%) and ethanol (2.8%). There were no immediate procedure-related complications; sclerosant-related laboratory complications included transient metabolic acidosis (8.3%) and hemolytic anemia (5.5%). Median follow-up was 3.7 years (IQR 0.6–4.8). 47.6% of patients showed >75% lesion size reduction and 19.0% showed minimal response (<25% improvement). At last follow-up, 71.4% of children were developmentally normal and asymptomatic, 23.8% had recurring symptoms, and 4.8% required permanent tracheostomy. Patients with ongoing symptoms or limited response to percutaneous sclerotherapy (33.3%) were treated with long-term sirolimus.ConclusionsPercutaneous sclerotherapy is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic LM of the head and neck in neonates and infants. Treatment strategy and management of recurrent symptoms requires consensus from an experienced, multidisciplinary team.
Intermuscular adipose tissue in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Gamboa Jorge Luis , Carranza-León Daniel , Crescenzi Rachelle , Pridmore Michael , Peng Dungeng , Marton Adriana , Oeser Annette , Chung Cecilia P , Titze Jens , Stein Charles Michael , Ormseth Michelle 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivePatients with SLE frequently have debilitating fatigue and reduced physical activity. Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) accumulation is associated with reduced physical exercise capacity. We hypothesised that IMAT is increased in patients with SLE and associated with increased fatigue, reduced physical activity and increased inflammation.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 23 patients with SLE and 28 control participants were evaluated. IMAT was measured in the calf muscles using sequentialT1-weighted MRI. Patient-reported physical activity and fatigue were measured and a multiplex proteomic assay was used to measure markers and mediators of inflammation.ResultsIMAT accumulation (percentage of IMAT area to muscle area) was significantly higher in SLE versus control participants (7.92%, 4.51%–13.39% vs 2.65%, 1.15%–4.61%, median, IQR, p<0.001) and remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, race and body mass index (p<0.001). In patients with SLE, IMAT accumulation did not differ significantly among corticosteroid users and non-users (p=0.48). In the study cohort (patients and controls), IMAT was positively correlated with self-reported fatigue score (rho=0.52, p<0.001) and inversely correlated with self-reported walking distance (rho=−0.60, p<0.001). Several markers of inflammation were associated with IMAT accumulation in patients with SLE, and gene ontology analysis showed significant enrichment for pathways associated with macrophage migration and activation in relation to IMAT.ConclusionPatients with SLE have greater IMAT accumulation than controls in the calf muscles. Increased IMAT is associated with greater fatigue and lower physical activity. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that improve muscle quality to alleviate fatigue in patients with SLE.
Extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) and palliative care disparities: a national cancer database study
Authors: Khullar Karishma , Plascak Jesse J , Habib Muhammad Hamza , Nagengast Samantha , Parikh Rahul R 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesLiterature on disparities in palliative care receipt among extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients is scarce. The purpose of this study was to examine disparities in palliative care receipt among ES-SCLC patients.MethodsPatients aged 40 years or older diagnosed with ES-SCLC between 2004 and 2015 in the National Cancer DataBase (NCDB) were eligible. Two palliative care variables were created: (1) no receipt of any palliative care and (2) no receipt of pain management-palliative care. The latter variable indicated pain management receipt among those who received any palliative care. Log binomial regression models were constructed to calculate risk ratios by covariates. Unadjusted and mutually adjusted models were created for both variables.ResultsAmong 83 175 patients, the risk of no palliative care receipt was higher among Blacks compared with Whites in unadjusted and adjusted models (both model HRs 1.02; 95% CIs 1.00 to 1.03, p<0.05). Patients older than 59 years were at a higher risk of not receiving palliative care than younger patients (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03 for 59–66, HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05 for 66–74, HR 1.06; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.08 for >74). Among 19 931 patients, the risk of no pain management-palliative care was higher among black patients on unadjusted analysis (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03, p<0.05). Patients between 66 and 74 years were at a higher risk of not receiving pain management-palliative care than patients younger than 59 years (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03, p<0.05).ConclusionsSignificant disparities exist in palliative care receipt among ES-SCLC patients.
Nature or nurture: a genetic basis for the behavioral selection of depth in siscowet and lean lake char (Salvelinus namaycush) ecomorphs
Authors: Goetz Frederick , Sitar Shawn , Seider Michael , Jasonowicz Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Leans and siscowets are lake char ecomorphs in Lake Superior that exhibit distinct depth selection behavior in the wild with leans occupying shallow (<50 m) depths and undergoing small vertical movements. In contrast, siscowets exhibit several types of depth selection behavior but generally remain at great depths (>80 m) and undergo extreme vertical movements. The present study used movement and temperature data from popup satellite archival tags (PSATs) to test the hypothesis that the difference in depth selection behavior of leans and siscowets is a genetic trait. Laboratory leans and siscowets produced from wild gametes taken from Lake Superior and reared in a common garden study for nine years were tagged with PSATs and released in southern Lake Superior. Tagged siscowets remained deep after release and exhibited extensive vertical movements. Most tagged leans remained <50 m after deployment and exhibited smaller vertical movements. Overall, the depths and temperatures occupied by the laboratory ecomorphs were significantly different throughout the deployment and the results support the hypothesis that depth selection in lake char ecomorphs is heritable.
Five Facets of 6G: Research Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Shen Li-Hsiang , Feng Kai-Ten , Hanzo Lajos 
Published: November 2022

While the fifth-generation systems are being rolled out across the globe, researchers have turned their attention to the exploration of radical next-generation solutions. At this early evolutionary stage, we survey five main research facets of this field, namelyFacet 1: next-generation architectures, spectrum, and services; Facet 2: next-generation networking; Facet 3: Internet of Things; Facet 4: wireless positioning and sensing; and Facet 5: applications of deep learning in 6G networks.In this article, we provide a critical appraisal of the literature of promising techniques ranging from the associated architectures, networking, and applications, as well as designs. We portray a plethora of heterogeneous architectures relying on cooperative hybrid networks supported by diverse access and transmission mechanisms. The vulnerabilities of these techniques are also addressed and carefully considered for highlighting the most of promising future research directions. Additionally, we list a rich suite of learning-driven optimization techniques. We conclude by observing the evolutionary paradigm shift that has taken place from pure single-component bandwidth efficiency, power efficiency, or delay optimization toward multi-component designs, as exemplified by the twin-component ultra-reliable low-latency mode of the fifth-generation system. We advocate a further evolutionary step toward multi-component Pareto optimization, which requires the exploration of the entire Pareto front of all optimal solutions, where none of the components of the objective function may be improved without degrading at least one of the other components.
Effects of Standardized Brazilian Green Propolis Extract (EPP-AF®) on Inflammation in Haemodialysis Patients: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Duarte Silveira Marcelo Augusto , Malta-Santos Hayna , Rebouças-Silva Jéssica , Teles Flávio , Batista dos Santos Galvão Erica , Pinto de Souza Sergio , Dantas Dutra Fábio Ricardo , Dantas Gomes Marcel Miranda , Teixeira Maurício Brito , Miranda Rebelo da Conceição Luis Filipe , Nascimento Carolina Sa , Vasques Nonaka Carolina Kymie , Cezar Rodrigo Silva , Pena Batista Paulo Benigno , Berretta Andresa Aparecida , Borges Valeria M. , da Hora Passos Rogerio 
Published: November 2022

Background. Patients on haemodialysis (HD) present a significant inflammatory status, which has a pronounced negative impact on their outcomes. Propolis is a natural resin with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. We assessed the safety and impact of a standardized Brazilian green propolis extract (EPP-AF®) on the inflammatory status in patients under conventional HD. Methods. Patients were assigned to receive 200 mg/day of EPP-AF® for 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks without the drug, and changes in plasma levels of interleukins (ILs), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivityc-reactive protein (HsCRP) were measured. A heatmap was used to illustrate trends in data variation. Results. In total, 37 patients were included in the final analysis. Patients presented an exacerbated inflammatory state at baseline. During EPP-AF® use, there was a significant reduction in IFN-γ (

p
=
0.005

), IL-13 (

p
=
0.04

2), IL-17 (

p
=
0.039

), IL-1ra (

p
=
0.008

), IL-8 (

p
=
0.009

), and TNF-α (

p

<

0.001

) levels compared to baseline, and significant changes were found in Hs-CRP levels. The heatmap demonstrated a pattern of pronounced proinflammatory status at baseline, especially in patients with primary glomerulopathies, and a clear reduction in this pattern during the use of EPP-AF®. There was a tendency to maintain this reduction after suspension of EPP-AF®. No significant side effects were observed. Conclusion. Patients under haemodialysis presented a pronounced inflammatory status, and EPP-AF® was demonstrated to be safe and associated with a significant and maintained reduction in proinflammatory cytokines in this population. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04072341.
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Thickness Correlates with Exercise Tolerance in Patients with COPD
Authors: Shiraishi Masashi , Higashimoto Yuji , Sugiya Ryuji , Mizusawa Hiroki , Takeda Yu , Fujita Shuhei , Nishiyama Osamu , Kudo Shintarou , Kimura Tamotsu , Fukuda Kanji , Tohda Yuji 
Published: November 2022

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have difficulties inhaling as the diaphragm becomes flattened and weakened due to lung hyperinflation. This weakened respiratory function is compensated for by the increased activity of the accessory respiratory muscles, such as the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the difference in the SCM thickening fraction (SCM TF) of each respiratory phase (end-expiration, resting inspiration, and end-inspiration), as measured using ultrasonography (US), between patients with COPD and control subjects. We also evaluate the correlation between the SCM TF of each respiratory phase and exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. Methods: Patients with COPD (n = 44) and age-matched controls (n = 20) underwent US for determination of the SCM TF. Ventilation parameters, including the peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and the change in the inspiratory capacity, were measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The SCM thickness and TF was measured during end-expiration, resting breathing, and end-inspiration. Results: The SCM was significantly thinner in patients with COPD than in controls at end-expiration. The increase in the SCM TF from end-expiration to end-inspiration in patients with COPD did not differ significantly from that in control subjects. In contrast, the SCM TF from end-expiration to resting inspiration was significantly greater in patients with COPD than in control subjects. The peak VO2 was strongly positively correlated with the SCM TF from end-expiration to end-inspiration in patients with COPD (r = 0.71, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The SCM may be thinner in patients with COPD than in controls. The SCM TF may also be associated with exercise tolerance.
Law, Adjudication, and the “Experiment of International Administration” (1920–1946)
Authors: Burton Philip 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The claim that international courts are a necessary precondition for the existence of international law rests on a more general assumption that the way a legal order is institutionalised determines the character of law within that legal order. This article explores the underlying structural association between institution form and the quality of law in the context of the “experiment of international administration”: the concentration, monopolisation and transformation of international authority in the aftermath of the First World War. By examining neglected sites of legal activity, in particular the Advisory Committee on the Traffic of Women and Children and the Permanent Mandates Commission, the article argues that an interwar “administrative turn” opened up new terrain for heterogeneous forms of international legal discourse.
Rethinking Music Education and Aesthetic Education
Authors: Kertz-Welzel Alexandra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years, there has been an emphasis on music education for social change in Anglo-American music education. This one-sided focus caused a marginalization of aesthetic aspects. This is problematic since Anglo-American music education is often seen as “international” even though it only represents one part of global thinking. In Northern Europe, aesthetic music education has been a longstanding paradigm, being based on the concept of Bildung. It emphasizes that education is about more than knowledge and skills. It is also about formation, self-actualization and contributing to the welfare of society. In view of the global crises we currently face, it might be time to rethink international music education’s focus on social change and to embrace again music education’s aesthetic dimensions. This could lead to a truly international music education approach, being based on concepts from various countries, including China.
Nietzsche and Foucault on the ‘Aesthetics of Existence’: Education as Self-creation
Authors: Peters Michael A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Hellenistic ‘arts of the self’ are the inspiration for both Nietzsche and Foucault for ethical-aesthetic self-constitution where individuals problematise the relationship to the self and become adept at practicing a set of creative, experimental processes and techniques to transform themselves into living works of art. This article provides a critical discussion first of Nietzsche’s ‘creative self’ and second of Foucault’s ‘aesthetics of existence’ as a basis for entertaining the notion of education as self-creation.
Music and Aesthetics in Education: Towards a Contemporary View
Authors: Lines David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aesthetics provides an important philosophical and practical dimension to arts and music education. It helps teachers and learners consider art more deeply, and find room to explore artistic meaning about the personal, creative, emotional and transformational aspects of human life. However, aesthetic education has not always achieved what it has potential to do because of its disciplinary orientation. At the same time, attempts to negate aesthetic education have neglected to foreground the creative insights and meanings of personal experience, and as such, have not clearly connected with music (and arts) education. The condition of contemporary education and society necessitates a revision of aesthetics in education that is responsive to the changing nature of art, technology and education. The changing means of music construction and meaning has altered the power and reach of music in society and education. It is proposed that a revised notion of contemporary aesthetics in music education needs to operate on two levels. One, at the personal level, music learners need to be able to articulate and reflect on their music learning experiences. This requires an understanding of aesthetics that is focused on the individual and their discovery of music. At another level, a contemporary aesthetics reaches into places and spaces outside music study. As portrayed in the Nietzschean Dionysian drive, this may include transdisciplinary and exploratory trajectories where music study stands visibly and evocatively alongside other subjects of learning. This involves finding space for the power of music to transform emotion, thinking and action in every area of learning. These two levels and trajectories of contemporary aesthetic education can work together in dialogue despite their intrinsic differences.