bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Deicing Nanocoatings Adaptive to Overhead Power Lines
Authors: Li Yang , Ma Wei , Kwon Ye Seul , Li Weihong , Yao Shuhuai , Huang Baoling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn frigid winter, the ice and snow built‐up on high‐voltage overhead power lines may seriously risk the reliability of electric power transmission and telecommunication systems. Green technologies for power line deicing that can effectively remove the accumulated ice or snow on the cables in a gentle way are highly desired but technically challenging due to the complex cable surfaces. Herein, this work reports a scalable solar‐thermal icephobic nanocoating compatible with both flat and complex curved surfaces. The spray‐coated nanocoating comprises a titanium nitride nanoparticle layer as a low‐emissivity photo‐thermal medium and dual‐scale silica particles as a water‐repellent layer even at low temperatures. Enabled by the collective effects of high‐efficiency solar‐thermal conversion and temperature‐insensitive superhydrophobicity, the nanocoating realizes effective deicing/defrosting on power lines at frigid temperatures down to −15 °C. The versatility of this coating and its compatibility with mass‐production processes render passive solar‐driven deicing technologies promising for practical applications on most outdoor exposed surfaces.
Printing and Erasing of DNA‐Based Photoresists Inside Synthetic Cells
Authors: Walther Tobias , Jahnke Kevin , Abele Tobias , Göpfrich Kerstin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the pursuit of producing functioning synthetic cells from the bottom‐up, DNA nanotechnology has proven to be a powerful tool. However, the crowded yet highly organized arrangement in living cells, bridging from the nano‐ to the micron‐scale, remains challenging to recreate with DNA‐based architectures. Here, laser microprinting is established to print and erase shape‐controlled DNA hydrogels inside the confinement of water‐in‐oil droplets and giant unilamellar lipid vesicles (GUVs). The DNA‐based photoresist consists of a photocleavable inactive DNA linker, which interconnects Y‐shaped DNA motifs when activated by local irradiation with a 405 nm laser. An alternative linker design allows to erase custom features from a preformed DNA hydrogel with feature sizes down to 1.38 μm. The present work demonstrates that the DNA hydrogels can serve as an internal support to stabilize non‐spherical GUV shapes. Overall, DNA‐based photoresists for laser printing in confinement allow to build up architectures on the interior of synthetic cells with light, which diversifies the toolbox of bottom‐up synthetic biology.
The EU's farm‐to‐fork strategy: An assessment from the perspective of agricultural economics
Authors: Wesseler Justus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe EU Farm to Fork (F2F) strategy includes a number of policy objectives that have implications for agricultural production in the EU and beyond. This contribution discusses the possible implications from an economic perspective. We draw on economic assessments by other authors and discuss their wider implications by considering only partially quantified benefits and costs. Overall, the assessments indicate a decline in EU agricultural production in quantitative terms. The F2F strategy negatively affects aggregate consumer surplus and—depending on the assumption made—a net increase or decrease in producer surplus, thereby inducing an overall net welfare loss. Partially quantified benefits and costs include the environmental benefits and costs linked to the F2F strategy, such as implications for greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity, or the landscape. Therefore, by launching the strategy, policy makers have implicitly concluded that the additional net benefits outweigh the losses in consumer surplus. The economic studies combined with studies on the impact of agricultural practices on biodiversity and the emission of greenhouse gases do not support this claim without further technological and institutional changes, such as supporting the application of modern biotechnology by reducing regulatory hurdles. Also, whether most consumers will share this view remains to be seen. EU policy makers have it in their hands to implement the necessary institutional changes.
Stabilisierung von Elektronentransferwegen erlaubt Stabilität von Biohybrid‐Photoelektroden über Jahre
Authors: Friebe Vincent M. , Barszcz Agata J. , Jones Michael R. , Frese Raoul N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDie Nutzung natürlicher photosynthetischer Enzyme in biohybriden Anwendungen stellt eine attraktive und potenziell nachhaltige Möglichkeit zur Umwandlung von solarer Energie in Elektrizität und Brennstoffe dar. Jedoch begrenzt die Stabilität von photosynthetisch aktiven Proteinen nach der Implementierung in biohybride Anwendungsdesigns die operative Lebensdauer von Biophotoelektroden auf bisher wenige Stunden. In dieser Publikation demonstrieren wir, wie sich die Stabilität einer mesoporösen Elektrode, welche mit dem Photoprotein RC‐LH1 aus Rhodobacter sphaeroides beschichtet ist, erheblich steigern lässt. Durch die Aufrechterhaltung der Elektronenübertragungswege konnte die operative Lebensdauer unter Dauerlicht auf 33 Tage gesteigert werden und die operative Funktionalität nach einer Lagerung über mehr zwei Jahre hinweg demonstriert werden. Kombiniert mit hohen Photoströmen, die Spitzenwerte von 4.6 mA cm−2 erreichten, erzeugte die optimierte Biophotoelektrode eine kumulative Leistung von 86 C cm−2, die höchste bisher berichtete Leistung für diese Art von Elektroden. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Faktor, welcher die Stabilität einschränkt, die Architektur der Struktur ist, die das Photoprotein umgibt, sowie das entsprechende biohybride Sensoren und photovoltaische Geräte mit einer Betriebsdauer von mehreren Jahren möglich sind.
Polydopamine‐bridged synthesis of h‐BN@PDA@PbWO4 as multifunctional enhancers for γ‐shielding performance and thermal conductivity of neoprene composites
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Ying Jun , Zeng Jun , Liu Hui Ping , Zhou Yuan Lin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn order to solve the problem of poor thermal conductivity of polymer‐based radiation shielding composite materials, h‐BN@PDA@PbWO4 hybrid powders were prepared by combining h‐BN with high thermal conductivity and PbWO4 with γ shielding. With the assistance of polydopamine, PbWO4 particles were synthesized in situ on the h‐BN surface. The effects of h‐BN@PDA@PbWO4 on thermal conductivity, γ‐ray shielding, and mechanical properties of chloroprene rubber were studied. The results showed that the hybrid particles had better dispersibility than the pure mixing of h‐BN and PbWO4 in chloroprene rubber and significantly improved the thermal conductivity gamma‐ray shielding performance and mechanical properties of CR composites. When the filler content of the hybrid powder reaches 40 wt%, the thermal conductivity of the composite is about 3.16 times that of the pure CR. The γ shielding rates at 86.5 KeV and 105.3 KeV photon energies increase by 14.14% and 17.61% compared with the pure CR. Compared with pure CR, the tensile strength of the composites increased by 4.79 MPa, and the elongation at break decreased slightly. These were because h‐BN@PDA@PbWO4 shows had an excellent synergistic effect in CR substrate. The new kind of CR/h‐BN@PDA@PbWO4 composite can be used for thermal management and gamma shielding.
Fabrication, characterization, and thermoelectric properties of soft polyurethane foam loaded with semiconducting poly(3‐hexylthiophene) nanofibers
Authors: Mano Genki , Murasawa Yoshihiro , Shimamura Keisuke , Iso Ayaka , Kanehashi Shinji , Shimomura Takeshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA polyurethane foam (PUF) loaded with poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofibers is fabricated as a thermoelectric (TE) material with low‐thermal conductivity. To date, there have been no reports on PUFs loaded with organic fillers, including conducting polymers, exhibiting TE properties. The P3HT nanofibers do not affect the polyurethane foaming reaction and are uniformly dispersed in the PUF. Generally, conductive fillers, including carbon fillers, result in brittle PUFs. However, the PUFs loaded with P3HT nanofibers exhibit mechanical strength and Young's modulus comparable to the PUFs without fillers, and the thickness can be completely restored even after compressing 20 times. Finally, it is confirmed that the PUF loaded with P3HT nanofibers exhibits TE properties, and the Seebeck coefficient is approximately 3 mV K−1, which is comparable to that of the conventional P3HT film reported previously. The soft PUF loaded with P3HT nanofibers can be regarded as a TE material with flexibility, mechanical toughness, and low‐thermal conductivity.
Forecasting portfolio returns with skew‐geometric Brownian motions
Authors: Bufalo Michele , Liseo Brunero , Orlando Giuseppe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe gist of this work is to propose a minimum tracking error portfolio that could be adopted not only as an automated alternative to ETFs but, it could also be potentially used to anticipate market changes in the target index. This goal has been achieved by adopting skew Brownian motion as a general framework. The proposed solution has been declined in two versions: the case in which the constituents (i.e., in our case the subindices) of the objective portfolio are uncorrelated among each other, and the case in which correlation should be taken into account. Our tests, carried out on the S&P 500, as an example of a developed market, and Bovespa, as an example of an emerging market, shows that the proposed solutions replicate the index with a much smaller tracking error than that of the ETFs considered.
Effects of Tang Luo Ning on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rats revealed by LC–MS metabolomics approach
Authors: Li Yangfan , Yao Weijie , Gao Yanbin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes with limited therapies. Tang Luo Ning (TLN), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, has been proved to be effective in the treatment of DPN in clinical and experimental studies. However, the potential metabolic mechanism of TLN for the treatment of DPN is still unclear. Here the therapeutic effect of TLN on DPN was studied, and HPLC‐IT‐TOF/MS was used to explore the metabolic changes related to DPN and to explore the mechanism of TLN on DPN induced by high glucose. Furthermore, metabolic pathway analysis was used to explore the metabolic changes induced by DPN and TLN. As a result, TLN could improve the peripheral nerve function of DPN rats, and TLN could reduce the demyelination of the sciatic nerve in DPN rats. Metabolomics analysis showed that 14 potential biomarkers (citrate, creatine, fumarate, glyceric acid, glycine, succinate, etc.) of both DPN and TLN treatment were identified. Pathway analysis showed that the changes in these metabolites were mainly related to the citrate cycle (TCA cycle); glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
Two‐year longitudinal case study of intensive exposure treatment in an adolescent girl with social anxiety disorder
Authors: Haukeli Kristine , Edlund Klara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose was to adapt the “Bergen 4‐Day Treatment” for severe social anxiety disorder and to study the 28 months follow‐up effects for a 16‐year‐old girl. It was delivered over three full days. At post‐treatment, 48% reduction in symptoms, she no longer met the diagnostic criteria for SAD.
Constriction ring of the penis in a newborn infant: A rare form of amniotic band syndrome
Authors: Ting Yu Shan , Mukkam Renisha Paul , Chandran Suresh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe amniotic band comprises disrupted amnion strands causing entrapment or entanglement of various fetal parts resulting in a spectrum of anomalies from digital band constriction or amputation to severe craniofacial/visceral defects and even fetal demise. We present a newborn infant with a rare, isolated ring constriction of the penis.
Review and case report of the treatment in a young girl with primary failure of eruption
Authors: Awad Mirna G. , Dalbah Lana , Srirengalakshmi M. , Venugopal Adith , Vaid Nikhilesh R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAny localized non‐eruption of teeth can be attributed to myriad of factors. A failure of a permanent tooth to erupt or cessation of initial eruption with no obvious local/systemic causative factor is said to be primary failure of eruption (PFE). The etio‐pathogenesis of PFE is due to the mutation of PTH1R gene. Clinical features such as infra‐occluded teeth, posterior open bite, lack of any cause or habit are usually attributed to diagnosing the condition, and a confirmatory diagnosis is done by the gene analysis of PTH1R gene. Treatment of such a condition is tricky as any application of orthodontic traction to teeth affected by PFE will not be successful and may cause ankylosis. This correspondence reviews and demonstrates the treatment of a case of PFE to restore function and esthetics to the best possible outcome.
Metal‐Free Reductive Coupling of para‐Quinone Methides with 4‐Cyanopyridines Enabled by Pyridine‐Boryl Radicals: Access to Pyridylated Diarylmethanes with Anti‐Cancer Activity
Authors: Qu Chuan‐Hua , Gao Li‐Xia , Tang Yan , Liu Yuan , Luo Xiao‐Qin , Song Gui‐Ting 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReported herein is a streamlined protocol to produce pyridylated diarylmethanes through pyridine‐boryl radical induced reductive coupling between para‐quinone methides (p‐QMs) and 4‐cyanopyridines using bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) as a templated reagent. The metal‐free process is characterized by an operationally simple approach, excellent chemoselectivity (1,2‐ vs. 1,6‐selectivity), and a broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility. The mechanistic studies provided important insights into the reductive cross‐coupling process between diarylmethyl radical and pyridine‐boryl radical. Moreover, part of the obtained pyridylated diarylmethane products were screened against a panel of cancer cell lines, and 3 v was confirmed to significantly inhibit the proliferation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. This method offers a platform for the preparation of new lead compounds with antitumor activity.
Nanoporous Gold Catalyst for the Oxidative N‐Dealkylation of Drug Molecules: A Method for Synthesis of N‐Dealkylated Metabolites
Authors: Alipour Najmi Ali , Jafariyeh‐Yazdi Elchin , Hadian Mojgan , Hermans Jos , Bischoff Rainer , Yue Jun , Dömling Alexander , Wittstock Arne , Permentier Hjalmar P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel method for the selective catalytic N‐dealkylation of drug molecules on a nanoporous gold (NPG) catalyst producing valuable N‐dealkylated metabolites and intermediates is described. Drug metabolites are important chemical entities at every stage of drug discovery and development, from exploratory discovery to clinical development, providing the safety profiles and the ADME (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination) of new drug candidates. Synthesis was carried out in aqueous solution at 80 °C using air (oxygen source) as oxidant, in single step with good isolated yields. Different examples examined in this study showed that aerobic catalytic N‐dealkylation of drug molecules on NPG has a broad scope supporting N‐deethylation, N‐deisopropylation and N‐demethylation, converting either 3° amines to 2° amines, or 2° amines to 1° amines.
μFlowCal – High‐Resolution Differential Flow Microcalorimeter for the Measurement of Heats of Mixing
Authors: Vaz Inês C. M. , Torres Manuel C. , Silva Fernando M. T. , Carpinteiro. Francisco S. , Santos Luís M. N. B. F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work presents the description, calibration, test and performance evaluation of a new flow microcalorimeter. The μFlowCal is a differential heat conduction, flow microcalorimeter, designed to work in isothermal conditions, in differential mode and in the absence of gas phase, requiring small amounts of sample (200 μL). Both the microcalorimeter and its operational methodology were optimized to measure the heat of mixing of fluids with moderate viscosity and volatility. The microcalorimeter has a sensitivity of 116 μV mW−1 and a level of detection of 170 nW. A very good performance (uncertainty <5 %) was obtained for the selected test processes: enthalpy of dilution of aqueous sucrose solutions and excess enthalpy of binary mixtures of decane‐octanol. The μFlowCal prototype is a new tool in micro‐scale physical chemistry and a step forward concerning signal resolution and sample volume. Nowadays, these are major requirement for the study of novel promising solvents and their mixtures.
Browsing herbivores improve the state and functioning of savannas: A model assessment of alternative land‐use strategies
Authors: Irob Katja , Blaum Niels , Baldauf Selina , Kerger Leon , Strohbach Ben , Kanduvarisa Angelina , Lohmann Dirk , Tietjen Britta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChanging climatic conditions and unsustainable land use are major threats to savannas worldwide. Historically, many African savannas were used intensively for livestock grazing, which contributed to widespread patterns of bush encroachment across savanna systems. To reverse bush encroachment, it has been proposed to change the cattle‐dominated land use to one dominated by comparatively specialized browsers and usually native herbivores. However, the consequences for ecosystem properties and processes remain largely unclear. We used the ecohydrological, spatially explicit model EcoHyD to assess the impacts of two contrasting, herbivore land‐use strategies on a Namibian savanna: grazer‐ versus browser‐dominated herbivore communities. We varied the densities of grazers and browsers and determined the resulting composition and diversity of the plant community, total vegetation cover, soil moisture, and water use by plants. Our results showed that plant types that are less palatable to herbivores were best adapted to grazing or browsing animals in all simulated densities. Also, plant types that had a competitive advantage under limited water availability were among the dominant ones irrespective of land‐use scenario. Overall, the results were in line with our expectations: under high grazer densities, we found heavy bush encroachment and the loss of the perennial grass matrix. Importantly, regardless of the density of browsers, grass cover and plant functional diversity were significantly higher in browsing scenarios. Browsing herbivores increased grass cover, and the higher total cover in turn improved water uptake by plants overall. We concluded that, in contrast to grazing‐dominated land‐use strategies, land‐use strategies dominated by browsing herbivores, even at high herbivore densities, sustain diverse vegetation communities with high cover of perennial grasses, resulting in lower erosion risk and bolstering ecosystem services.
Decay of TRPV3 as the genomic trace of epidermal structure changes in the land‐to‐sea transition of mammals
Authors: Wu Tianzhen , Deme Luoying , Zhang Zhenhua , Huang Xin , Xu Shixia , Yang Guang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe epidermis plays an indispensable barrier function in animals. Some species have evolved unique epidermal structures to adapt to different environments. Aquatic and semi‐aquatic mammals (cetaceans, manatees, and hippopotamus) are good models to study the evolution of epidermal structures because of their exceptionally thickened stratum spinosum, the lack of stratum granulosum, and the parakeratotic stratum corneum. This study aimed to analyze an upstream regulatory gene transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 3 (TRPV3) of epidermal differentiation so as to explore the association between TRPV3 evolution and epidermal changes in mammals. Inactivating mutations were detected in almost all the aquatic cetaceans and several terrestrial mammals. Relaxed selective pressure was examined in the cetacean lineages with inactivated TRPV3, which might contribute to its exceptionally thickened stratum spinosum as the significant thickening of stratum spinosum in TRPV3 knock‐out mouse. However, functional TRPV3 may exist in several terrestrial mammals due to their strong purifying selection, although they have “inactivating mutations.” Further, for intact sequences, relaxed selective constraints on the TRPV3 gene were also detected in aquatic cetaceans, manatees, and semi‐aquatic hippopotamus. However, they had intact TRPV3, suggesting that the accumulation of inactivating mutations might have lagged behind the relaxed selective pressure. The results of this study revealed the decay of TRPV3 being the genomic trace of epidermal development in aquatic and semi‐aquatic mammals. They provided insights into convergently evolutionary changes of epidermal structures during the transition from the terrestrial to the aquatic environment.
Salinity legacy: Foliar microbiome's history affects mutualist‐conferred salinity tolerance
Authors: Subedi Suresh C. , Allen Preston , Vidales Rosario , Sternberg Leonel , Ross Michael , Afkhami Michelle E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe rapid human‐driven changes in the environment during the Anthropocene have placed extreme stress on many plants and animals. Beneficial interactions with microorganisms may be crucial for ameliorating these stressors and facilitating the ecosystem services host organisms provide. Foliar endophytes, microorganisms that reside within leaves, are found in essentially all plants and can provide important benefits (e.g., enhanced drought tolerance or resistance to herbivory). However, it remains unclear how important the legacy effects of the abiotic stressors that select on these microbiomes are for affecting the degree of stress amelioration provided to their hosts. To elucidate foliar endophytes' role in host‐plant salt tolerance, especially if salinity experienced in the field selects for endophytes that are better suited to improve the salt tolerance of their hosts, we combined field collections of 90 endophyte communities from 30 sites across the coastal Everglades with a manipulative growth experiment assessing endophyte inoculation effects on host‐plant performance. Specifically, we grew >350 red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) seedlings in a factorial design that manipulated the salinity environment the seedlings experienced (freshwater vs. saltwater), the introduction of field‐collected endophytes (live vs. sterilized inoculum), and the legacy of salinity stress experienced by these introduced endophytes, ranging from no salt stress (0 parts per thousand [ppt] salinity) to high salt stress (40 ppt) environments. We found that inoculation with field‐collected endophytes significantly increased mangrove performance across almost all metrics examined (15%–20% increase on average), and these beneficial effects typically occurred when the endophytes were grown in saltwater. Importantly, our study revealed the novel result that endophyte‐conferred salinity tolerance depended on microbiome salinity legacy in a key coastal foundation species. Salt‐stressed mangroves inoculated with endophyte microbiomes from high‐salinity environments performed, on average, as well as plants grown in low‐stress freshwater, while endophytes from freshwater environments did not relieve host salinity stress. Given the increasing salinity stress imposed by sea level rise and the importance of foundation species like mangroves for ecosystem services, our results indicate that consideration of endophytic associations and their salinity legacy may be critical for the successful restoration and management of coastal habitats.