bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salvage surgery for local recurrence after sublobar surgery in Stages I and II non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Dolan Daniel P. , Lee Daniel N. , Kucukak Suden , De León Luis E. , Bueno Raphael , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Swanson Scott J. , White Abby 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo examine if patients undergoing salvage surgery for local recurrence following sublobar resection (SLR) have similar perioperative complications and overall survival (OS) compared to lobectomy patients for early stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsPatients undergoing lobectomy and SLR (segmentectomy or wedge resection) for Stages I and II NSCLC from 2010 to 2016 were reviewed. Lobectomy patients and those who underwent salvage surgery for local recurrence after SLR were compared. Salvage surgeries were curative‐intent resections for recurrence.ResultsCases included 634 lobectomies and 986 SLR. Fifty‐nine SLR patients (6.0%) recurred at a local site compared to 11 lobectomy patients (1.7%; p < 0.001). Twenty‐three locally recurrent SLR patients (39.0%) went on to salvage surgery. Peri‐operative complications after salvage surgeries were similar to lobectomies (34.8% 8/23 vs. 34.7% 220/634, p = 1.00). OS at 5 years for salvage surgery patients was similar to lobectomy patients (79.6% 13/23 vs. 70.6% 227/634, p = 0.23). OS for patients who underwent salvage surgery was significantly better than those who did not have salvage surgery for recurrence (79.6% vs. 53.0%, p = 0.02).ConclusionsPatients who undergo salvage surgery for local recurrence after SLR had similar perioperative complications and OS compared to lobectomy patients but less than half underwent salvage surgery.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography Value for Early Prediction of Delayed Graft Function in Renal Transplantation Patients
Authors: Song Jieqiong , Yao Yao , He Yizhou , Lin Shilong , Pan Simeng , Zhong Ming 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesDelayed graft function (DGF) is a common early complication after kidney transplantation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the early prediction of DGF after kidney transplantation.MethodsA total of 89 renal transplant recipients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into DGF group or normal graft function (NGF) group according to the allograft function. Conventional Doppler ultrasound and CEUS examination data on the first postoperative day were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe resistive indices of segmental and interlobar artery in the DGF group were significantly higher than those in the NGF group (0.71 ± 0.17 versus 0.63 ± 0.08, P = .006; 0.70 ± 0.16 versus 0.62 ± 0.08, P = .004, respectively). The patients experiencing DGF had significantly lower PI‐c (14.7 dB ± 6.1 dB versus 18.5 dB ± 3.3 dB, P = .001) and smaller AUC‐c (779.8 ± 375.8 dB·seconds versus 991.0 ± 211.7 dB·seconds, P = .003), as well as significantly lower PI‐m (12.6 dB ± 5.9 dB versus 15.9 dB ± 3.9 dB, P = .006), shorter MTT‐m (30.7 ± 9.4 seconds versus 36.3 ± 7.1 seconds, P = .01), and smaller AUC‐m (P = .007). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PI‐c, AUC‐c, and MTT‐m were independent risk factors for DGF. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of the combined predicted value (PI‐c + MTT‐m, PI‐c + AUC‐c + MTT‐m) of DGF incidence were bigger than that of PI‐c, AUC‐c, or MTT‐m.ConclusionsCEUS parameters of the cortex and medulla have a good value for an early prediction of DGF after renal transplantation.
Hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater and surface water interactions in an alluvial plain, Southeast Brazil
Authors: Santos Correa Waldilene , Yoshinaga Pereira Sueli , Bernardes Ayer Joaquim Ernesto , Brum Pereira Paulo Ricardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlluvial plains are transition areas between terrestrial and aquatic environments where groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) interactions occur. They are the subject of our present study, using hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes. Two water sampling campaigns in dry and wet seasons for studying physicochemical and natural isotope analysis provided 44 groundwater samples and watertable level measurements from monitoring wells and eight water samples from river, creek, and lake. In the dry season, lake and creek waters presented TDS (<3.64 mg L−1) and high values of TDS in groundwater and river (average 47.71 and 108.7 mg L−1, respectively), showing CaMgHCO3, NaHCO3, and NaHCO3Cl types and precipitation prevalence. However, GW–SW interaction occurred in CaMgCl and CaMgSO4 groundwater with TDS varying from 93.8 to 164.7 mg L−1 and weathering dominance close to riverbanks. The TDS, sulfate, and sodium were monitoring markers of this interaction. In the wet season, superficial waters and groundwater were more diluted, presenting CaMgHCO3, NaHCO3, and NaHCO3Cl types and precipitation dominance. Overall, the ion exchange was the main hydrochemical process. The δ18O, δ2H, and d‐excess indicated groundwater recharge with a weak evaporation process, rainwater mixture, and water–rock interaction. Maps of the distribution of ions, isotopes, and d‐excess showed GW–SW interaction along the riverbanks and depleted groundwater in a large portion of the alluvial plain. The alluvial plains are susceptible areas to precipitation changes due to fast and direct infiltration. Their monitoring can be essential to understand the climate variability and reduce impacts on the shallow aquifer that sustain forests and human life.
Phototethering of Collagen onto Polyetheretherketone Surfaces to Enhance Osteoblastic and Endothelial Performance
Authors: Arisaka Yoshinori , Masuda Hiroki , Yoda Tetsuya , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a candidate material for bone implants as an alternative to metals. However, PEEK exhibits poor osseointegration and low endothelial compatibility. This study demonstrates the phototethering of collagen onto PEEK surfaces to facilitate osteoblastic and vascular endothelial performance. In particular, collagen with methacryloyl groups is covalently tethered to the PEEK surface via surface‐initiated photopolymerization. This process is simpler than the conventional method of collagen‐tethering and can be extended to the surface‐patterning treatment of collagen. The collagen is confirmed to be tethered to the PEEK surface using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared measurements, bicinchoninic acid assays, and atomic force microscopic observations. When human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (HbmMSCs) are cultured on collagen‐tethered PEEK (COL‐PEEK) surfaces, the cells favorably adhere and proliferate. After inducing osteogenic differentiation, the cells on the COL‐PEEK surfaces show higher expression levels of osteoblast‐related genes and mineralization than those on the PEEK surface. Moreover, the tethering of collagen greatly improves endothelial proliferation. The COL‐PEEK surfaces promotes endothelial networking in coculture with HbmMSCs. These results suggest that COL‐PEEK is highly compatible with both osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells. COL‐PEEK is a promising implant that induces osteogenesis and angiogenesis to repair bone tissues.
SAFT: Shotgun advancing front technique for massively parallel mesh generation on graphics processing unit
Authors: Zhou Qingyi , Wang Qiqi , Yu Zongfu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale numerical simulations need efficient parallel mesh generation schemes. Several parallel advancing front algorithms were proposed in the past decades, most of which require domain decomposition. In this article, we present a shotgun algorithm for parallel advancing front mesh generation. Our algorithm is front‐based, therefore does not require domain decomposition. We've implemented the algorithm on GPU, which has thousands of CUDA cores. Different from traditional volume‐based parallelization, each CUDA thread handles one face at a time. We deal with conflicts by discarding illegal new elements which intersect with each other. We name this proposed method “SAFT”, which stands for “shotgun advancing front technique”. Its performance, as well as scalability, has been evaluated on a laptop equipped with one NVIDIA Geforce RTX2060 graphics card. We have been able to generate high‐quality 2D meshes efficiently (233k elements per second).
An elastic‐inelastic model and embedded bounce‐back control for layered printing with cementitious materials
Authors: Wijaya Ignasius P. A. , Kreiger Eric , Masud Arif 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a finite‐deformation model for extrusion‐based layered printing with cementitious materials. The evolution of mechanical properties as the printed material cures and stiffens results in nonphysical reduction in the magnitude of elastic strains when standard constitutive models are employed. This elastic recovery of the printing induced deformation contradicts the experimentally observed behavior of the printed cementitious materials that harden at a nearly‐frozen deformed state. A thermodynamically motivated constraint on the evolution of elastic strains is imposed on the constitutive model to remedy the nonphysical bounce‐back effect. An algorithm that is based on a strain‐projection technique for the elastic part of deformation is developed that complements the inelastic response given by the Drucker–Prager model. It is then embedded in a finite strain finite element framework for the modeling and simulation of cure hardening and inelastic response of the early age cementitious materials. A ghost mesh method is proposed for continuous layer‐wise printing of the material without the need for intermittent mesh generation technique or adaptive remeshing methods. The model is validated via comparison with experimental data and representative test cases are presented that investigate the mathematical and computational attributes of the proposed model.
Moving toward a “middle ground”?—The governance of platforms in the United States and China
Authors: Cai Cuihong , Wang Tianchan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHow has the governance of platforms evolved between the United States and China in recent years? There is already an abundance of literature written about the governance of platforms pertaining to each country respectively. Despite this, a dual‐track accounting of the governance of platforms in the United States and China in tandem is still lacking. This paper argues that with the historic turbulence of the United States–China relationship and the escalating challenges that governance activities have encountered, the governance of platforms of these two countries are actually more similar than they seem, and have been moving towards a “middle ground,” characterized by multiple governance subjects, more pragmatic and balanced goals, as well as a full range and tit‐for‐tat governance measures. To prove this trend, this paper uses documentary research and a comparative approach to analyze changes in the subjects, objectives and means of governance of platforms for the United States and China. Following that, this paper explains the motivation behind the trend towards the “middle ground” governance of platforms in the context of United States–China relations.
In vitro evaluation suggests fenfluramine and norfenfluramine are unlikely to act as perpetrators of drug interactions
Authors: Martin Parthena , Czerwiński Maciej , Limaye Pallavi B. , Ogilvie Brian W. , Smith Steven , Boyd Brooks 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudies support the safety and efficacy of fenfluramine (FFA) as an antiseizure medication (ASM) in Dravet syndrome, Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome, or CDKL5 deficiency disorder, all pharmacoresistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. However, drug–drug interactions with FFA in multi‐ASM regimens have not been fully investigated. We characterized the perpetrator potential of FFA and its active metabolite, norfenfluramine (nFFA), in vitro by assessing cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inhibition in human liver microsomes, CYP450 induction in cultured human hepatocytes, and drug transporter inhibition potential in permeability or cellular uptake assays. Mean plasma unbound fraction was ~50% for both FFA and nFFA, with no apparent concentration dependence. FFA and nFFA were direct in vitro inhibitors of CYP2D6 (IC50, 4.7 and 16 µM, respectively) but did not substantially inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP3A4/5. No time‐ or metabolism‐dependent CYP450 inhibition occurred. FFA and nFFA did not induce CYP1A2; both induced CYP2B6 (up to 2.8‐fold and up to 2.0‐fold, respectively) and CYP3A4 (1.9‐ to 3.0‐fold and 3.6‐ to 4.8‐fold, respectively). Mechanistic static pharmacokinetic models predicted that neither CYP450 inhibition nor induction was likely to be clinically relevant at doses typically used for seizure reduction (ratio of area under curve [AUCR] for inhibition <1.25; AUCR for induction >0.8). Transporters OCT2 and MATE1 were inhibited by FFA (IC50, 19.8 and 9.0 μM) and nFFA (IC50, 5.2 and 4.6 μM) at concentrations higher than clinically achievable; remaining transporters were not inhibited. Results suggest that FFA and nFFA are unlikely drug–drug interaction perpetrators at clinically relevant doses of FFA (0.2−0.7 mg/kg/day).
Perspectives on resilience: Trait resilience, correlates of resilience in daily life, and longer‐term change in affective distress
Authors: Blanke Elisabeth S. , Schmiedek Florian , Siebert Stefan , Richter David , Brose Annette 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResilience describes successful adaptation in the face of adversity, commonly inferred from trajectories of well‐being following major life events. Alternatively, resilience was conceptualised as a psychological trait, facilitating adaptation through stable individual characteristics. Both perspectives may relate to individual differences in how stress is regulated in daily life. In the present study, we combined these perspectives on resilience. Our sample consisted of N = 132 middle‐aged adults, who experienced major life events in between two waves of a longitudinal study. We implemented latent change regression models to predict change in affective distress. As predictors, we investigated trait resilience and correlates of resilience in daily life (stressor occurrence, stress reactivity, positive reappraisal, mindful attention, and acceptance), measured using experience sampling (T = 70 occasions). Unexpectedly, trait resilience was not associated with change in distress. In contrast, resilience correlates in daily life, most notably lower stress reactivity, were associated with more favourable change. Higher trait resilience related to higher average mindfulness, higher reappraisal, and lower negative affect. Overall, while trait resilience translated into everyday correlates of resilience, it was not predictive of changes in affective distress. Instead, precursors of changes in well‐being may be found in correlates of resilience in daily life.
Sensitive and Rapid Diagnosis of Respiratory Virus Coinfection Using a Microfluidic Chip‐Powered CRISPR/Cas12a System
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Wang Huili , Zhang Li , Lu Ying , Wang Xu , Shen Minjie , Li Nan , Feng Li , Jing Juhui , Cao Bin , Zou Xiaohui , Cheng Jing , Xu Youchun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is profoundly influencing the global healthcare system and people's daily lives. The high resource consumption of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is resulting in insufficient surveillance of coinfection or resurgence of other critical respiratory epidemics, which is of public concern. To facilitate evaluation of the current coinfection situation, a microfluidic system (MAPnavi) is developed for the rapid (<40 min) and sensitive diagnosis of multiple respiratory viruses from swab samples in a fully sealed and automated manner, in which a nested‐recombinase polymerase amplification and the CRISPR‐based amplification system is first proposed to ensure the sensitivity and specificity. This novel system has a remarkably low limit of detection (50–200 copies mL−1) and is successfully applied to detect 171 clinical samples (98.5% positive predictive agreement; 100% negative predictive agreement), and the results identify 45.6% coinfection among clinical samples from patients with COVID‐19. This approach has the potential to shift diagnostic and surveillance efforts from targeted testing for a high‐priority virus to comprehensive testing of multiple virus sets and to greatly benefit the implementation of decentralized testing.
The Sustainability and Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Media Houses in Uganda and Ethiopia
Authors: Walulya Gerald , Moges Mulatu Alemayehu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented economic challenges globally across various sectors, including the media. The economic effects of the pandemic, particularly, have hit the advertising sector, which is the lifeblood of media houses. Despite the raging economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the media, few studies have yet been conducted in the East African region, particularly in Uganda and Ethiopia, to assess how media organizations have been affected and what measures they have put in place to mitigate these challenges. This chapter investigates and discusses the key economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operation of media houses and the mechanisms they have put in place to counter these economic challenges. The study used a qualitative approach. The two researchers carried out interviews with CEOs and managers of 12 leading media houses in Uganda and Ethiopia. The data collected through interviews were transcribed and presented thematically. Findings from this study indicate that the media in the two countries have faced serious economic challenges including loss of advertisement and decline in newspaper sales, leading to salary cuts, loss of jobs, and closure of some media houses.
Media Viability, Covid-19 and the ‘Darwinian’ Experience in Southern Africa: Glimpses from Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe
Authors: Dralega Carol Azungi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolitical economy predicates suggest that media viability is about the influence and balance between politics and economics of media systems. It is about survival and control. This logic informs this study, which seeks to gain insights into the impact of Covid-19 on media viability in Southern Africa. For decades, the media industry in Southern Africa, and indeed globally, has been trapped in an existential struggle—experiencing, for instance, the steady demise of traditional business models amidst rapid technological developments and proliferation of digital communication, waning trust in legacy media, and an unconducive political and legislative environment. In this qualitative study, we learn from leading industry experts from eight countries about the wide-ranging impact and paradoxes of the pandemic on the media industry—a phenomenon some have referred to as ‘a Darwinian moment’ or ‘media extinction event’. In this study media-house size and ownership, trustworthiness and ability to fully switch to digital operations were key to survival, as was the need for newsroom and work-form restructuring. The study raises concerns over the Covid-19-exacerbated dangers regarding journalists’ welfare and cautions against the deepening threats to press freedom, the further marginalisation of minority groups and the relegation of the media’s public interest role.
Self-regulation and Discretion
Authors: Suzor Nicolas , Gillett Rosalie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWho should decide what content is permissible online? Platforms will always exercise some degree of discretion over content moderation, and ensuring that platforms exercise their discretionary powers responsibly is a large part of making governance legitimate. In this chapter, we argue that improving the self-regulation of internal governance practices of platforms is a critical component of any regulatory project. Our argument is that platforms must always have a role in regulating lawful speech and that regulating ordinary, lawful speech is critical to influencing cultures and addressing harm. We draw on the results of a qualitative study involving a broad group of participants who actively work to influence how platforms govern their users. We offer a simple proof in the moral responsibilities that platforms bear to address the pressing need for cultural change in violence against women—responsibilities that cannot fully be carried out or overseen by states or other external actors.
Holding the Line: Responsibility, Digital Citizenship and the Platforms
Authors: Green Lelia , Le Viet Tho 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyses examples of conflicts in standards that may illustrate the need for digital platforms to adopt a more proactive approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR). It asks what changes platform media would need to make to ‘take responsibility’ in the digital landscape., and undertaken an exploration of existing regulatory approaches and analyses of practice, to propose an enhanced vision of digital corporations’ application of CSR to benefit individuals and societies. The suggestion is that digital platforms be constructed as publishers of information, requiring them to be accountable for material carried on their sites.
Digital Platforms as Policy Actors
Authors: Popiel Pawel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter traces how dominant U.S. platform companies attempt to influence policy debates, focusing on (a) the policy issues they engage, (b) the policy preferences they communicate, and (c) what these communications reveal about their regulatory and platform governance philosophies. Amid calls for private–public platform oversight frameworks, these policy communications provide insight into what such co-governance regimes might look like in practice. Specifically, platforms seek partnerships extending beyond nation-state boundaries, reflecting the transnational scope of their business operations. Domestically, they call for a form of “frictionless regulation”: light and narrow regulatory oversight confined to baseline standard-setting, receptive to the private sector's ongoing feedback, and prioritizing fast responsiveness to market needs over the slow and deliberative responsiveness to the public, typical of democratic governance.
Regulating Chinese and North American Digital Media in Australia: Facebook and WeChat as Case Studies
Authors: Su Chunmeizi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs the Australian government has legislated for a ‘News Media and Digital Platforms Mandatory Bargaining Code’ to compel Google and Facebook to pay for news content, platform regulation in Australia has prompted a heated discussion worldwide. Questionable business practices have incited issues such as anti-competition behaviour, online harms, disinformation, algorithmic advertising, trade of data, privacy breaches and so on. Consequently, these technology tycoons are reinscribing industries and societies alike, posing a threat to digital democracy. This chapter examines how Facebook and WeChat are (or should be) regulated in Australia, the current regulatory frameworks, and the overall effectiveness of self-regulation. Through the lenses of comparative research, this study is focused on infrastructuralisation, techno-nationalism (censorship), and civil society (media diversity), to identify distinct features and common themes in platform regulation and explore possible solutions to regulating global platforms in Australia.