bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Keele STarT Back Screening Tool Questionnaire: linguistic adaptation of the Russian language version
Authors: Bakhtadze M. A. , Voskresenskaya O. N. , Prokhorov D. E. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The original English-language questionnaire for identifying the risks of developing chronic back pain The Keele STarT Back Screening Tool was developed in 2007 and adapted for use in many languages. The article describes the linguistic adaptation of the Russian version of the questionnaire The Keele STarT Back Screening Tool conducted in accordance with generally accepted rules.Aim. Linguistic adaptation of the Russian-language version of The Keele STarT Back Screening Tool.Materials and methods. Linguistic adaptation was carried out in five stages: 1) direct translation by three translators; 2) development of one version of direct translation; 3) reverse translation by two native English speakers; 4) development of one reverse version and its discussion by a committee of experts; 5) preliminary testing of the Russian version in a group of 30 patients (10 men and 20 women) aged from 28 to 84 years (average age 61.3 ± 8.7 years) with acute back pain, who in the period of April-June 2022 were on outpatient or inpatient treatment at the Clinic of Nervous Diseases of Sechenov University for nonspecific back pain (n = 21) and radiculopathy (n = 9).Results and discussion. All patients reported that the wording of the questionnaire items was clear and did not raise additional questions. The response time to the questions ranged from 30 seconds to 2 minutes 20 seconds (on average – 1 minute 18 seconds).Conclusion. The adapted Russian version of The Keele STarT Back Screening Tool questionnaire to identify the risks of developing chronic back pain did not cause comments from patients and experts. This version can be used to confirm its psychometric properties.
A current view on the prospects for the pharmaceutical therapy in neurorehabilitation after stroke
Authors: Shishkova V. N. , Kapustina L. A. , Imamgayazova K. E. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Given due regard to the urgency of the issue of pharmaceutical support in neurorehabilitation after stroke, an open multicenter study was designed and conducted.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapy with Brainmax®, which is an original combination of two drugs: ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (EMHPS) (100 mg/ml) and meldonium dihydrate (100 mg/ml) in the form of a solution for intravenous and intramuscular injections in patients with ischemic stroke in the acute and early recovery period.Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients aged 18 to 80 years with the first ischemic stroke in the carotid or vertebrobasilar system, meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The total duration of therapy was 24 days. The efficacy of therapy was assessed using the following tools: modified Rankin Scale (mRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA).Results. All patients showed improvement of their general condition by the end of therapy. The vast majority of patients noted that they had fewer difficulties with movement, self-care and daily activities as compared to the first visit. There was also a significant improvement in the total scores on the NIHSS scale, the Rivermead Mobility Index, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (p < 0.05) by the end of therapy. The proportion of patients with reported adverse events (AEs) accounted for 3.33%. All AEs were transient and did not require cessation of the therapy. No serious side effects were recorded in any of the groups.Conclusions. The study showed significant improvement of the key symptoms of ischemic stroke: regression of neurological deficit, functional and cognitive impairment. On top of that, it was noted that the incidence of adverse events associated with the use of Brainmax® was low, which did not lead to cessation of therapy. No serious side effects were recorded in any of the groups.
The optimal way to fill the deficiency of essential substances for the well-being of the joints
Authors: Dydykina I. S. , Kovalenko P. S. , Aboleshina A. A. , Kovalenko A. A. 
Published: July 2022

The article presents basic information about the role and structure of cartilage tissue and its components, the impact of an imbalance in the structure of nutrition on the well-being of the joints, evidence of the symptomatic and structural-modifying effect of chondroitin and glucosamine in the composition of original drugs and dietary supplements in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Particular attention is paid to the structure and synthesis of collagen, its biological role in the body in the formation of the cell structure of various tissues, especially cartilage. Found 28 types of collagen, differing in amino acid sequence and degree of modification, which are encoded by more than 40 genes. It was noted that the activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis of collagen depends on sufficient intake of products containing ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and the degradation and decrease in the amount of collagen is associated with the development and progression of osteoarthritis and other diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The use of type 2 collagen, including in combination with chondroitin and glucosamine, is considered as a promising method for preventing joint problems. It is emphasized that the main substances necessary for the syn thesis of cartilage components come from food. An imbalance in the structure of nutrition (reducing the consumption of proteins, microelements and vitamins, excessive consumption of fats and carbohydrates) negatively affects the state of the connective tissue and causes problems for all structures that form the joint. One way to correct eating behavior and replenish essential deficiencies is through the use of vitamin-mineral complexes and dietary supplements, which are gaining interest in the medical community as evidence accumulates for their effectiveness in supporting joint well-being.
Interleukin-6 inhibitors: from the therapy of immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases to use in COVID-19
Authors: Muravyeva N. V. , Belov B. S. 
Published: July 2022

The key role in the development of chronic autoimmune inflammation is played by pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular, interleukin 6 (IL-6). The introduction into clinical practice of monoclonal antibodies inhibiting IL-6 is a significant event in rheumatology and is currently considered as a promising direction in the treatment of immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The first inhibitor of IL-6 (IL-6), which entered the practice of rheumatologists, was tocilizumab (TCZ), the second – sarilumab (SAR). Numerous studies have shown the high effectiveness of iIL-6: the use of drugs leads to a rapid decrease in the clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a decrease in laboratory signs of inflammation, contributing to the achievement of low activity or remission, improves the quality of life of patients, and also slows down the X-ray progression of the disease. At the same time, iIL-6 has a satisfactory safety profile. The universal problem of our time – the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection – has led to attempts to use IL-6 in patients with severe and critical disease, since IL-6 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, which is confirmed by the results of numerous studies. However, data on the efficacy and safety of these drugs in COVID-19 are contradictory, which requires conducting larger-scale controlled studies. This review examines the issues of the effectiveness and safety of TCZ and SAR in rheumatological patients and in patients with COVID-19. The review is illustrated with examples from real clinical practice.
Anti-apoptotic and Anti-oxidative Effects of Aqueous Extract prepared from Steamed Daylily Flower in Normal Cardiac and Hepatic Cells against Ethanol.
Authors: Yan Sheng-Lei , Mong Mei-Chin , Liu Wen-Hu , Yin Mei-Chin 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Alcohol abuse resulted in high prevalence of alcoholic cardiac and hepatic disorders. Any agent(s) with the bio-activities to suppress mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and attenuate apoptotic and oxidative stresses might be able to protect cardiac and hepatic cells against ethanol.

Objective(s):
Phytochemical composition of aqueous extract prepared from steamed daylily flower (DAE) was determined. The protective effects of DAE for H9c2 and L-02 cells against ethanol were evaluated.

Materials and Methods:
The amount of total phenolic acids, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and total triterpenoids in DAE was analyzed. H9c2 or L-02 cells were first treated with 0.25, 0.5 or 1% DAE, and followed by 150 mM ethanol exposure.

Results:
Results: The amount of total phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins and triterpenoids in DAE was in the range of 1219-2045 mg/100 g dry weight. DAE treatments at 0.5 and 1% increased the viability of H9c2 cells, but at three test concentrations enhanced the survival of L-02 cells. DAE at 0.5 and 1% up-regulated Bcl-2 mRNA expression, down-regulated Bax mRNA expression, decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and lowered caspase-3 activity in both cell lines. Ethanol increased reactive oxygen species level, decreased glutathione content, and glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in both cell lines. DAE at test concentrations reversed these changes in both cell lines. DAE at 0.5 and 1% reduced cytochrome P450 2E1 and NADPH oxidase activities, and lowered p47phox mRNA expression. However, DAE at three test concentrations decreased gp91phox mRNA expression in both cell lines. DAE at 0.5 and 1% up-regulated factor E2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression in both cell lines.

Conclusions:
These results suggested that this aqueous extract might be a potent function food supplement to benefit heart and liver against ethanol induced injury.
Epilepsy, Immunity and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Fortunato Francesco , Giugno Alessia , Sammarra Ilaria , Labate Angelo , Gambardella Antonio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Several studies have focused on the emerging role of immunity and inflammation in a wide
range of neurological disorders. Autoimmune diseases involving central nervous system share well defined
clinical features including epileptic seizures and additional neuropsychiatric symptoms, like
cognitive and psychiatric disturbances. The growing evidence about the role of immunity in the pathophysiologic
mechanisms underlying these conditions lead to the concept of autoimmune epilepsy. This
relatively-new term has been introduced to highlight the etiological and prognostic implications of
immunity in epileptogenesis. In this review, we aim to discuss the role of autoimmunity in epileptogenesis
and its clinical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging and therapeutic implications. Moreover, we
wish to address the close relationship between immunity and additional symptoms, particularly cognitive
and psychiatric features, which deeply impact clinical outcomes in these patients. To assess these
aspects, we first analyzed Rasmussen’s encephalitis. Subsequently, we have covered autoimmune encephalitis,
particularly those associated with autoantibodies against surface neuronal antigens, as these
autoantibodies express a direct immune-mediated mechanism, different from those against intracellular
antigens. Then, we discussed the connection between systemic immune disorders and neurological
manifestations. This review aims to highlight the need to expand knowledge about the role of inflammation
and autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders and the importance to early
recognize these clinical entities. Indeed, early identification may result in faster recovery and a better
prognosis.
Epilepsy in Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Neri Sabrina , Gasparini Sara , Pascarella Angelo , Santangelo Domenico , Cianci Vittoria , Mammì Anna , Lo Giudice Michele , Ferlazzo Edoardo , Aguglia Umberto 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Epilepsy is a common comorbidity of cerebrovascular disease and an increasing
socioeconomic burden.

Objective:
Objective: We aimed to provide an updated comprehensive review on the state of the art about seizures
and epilepsy in stroke, cerebral haemorrhage, and leukoaraiosis.

Methods:
We selected English-written articles on epilepsy, stroke, and small vessel disease up until
December 2021. We reported the most recent data about epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognosis,
and management for each disease.

Results:
The main predictors for both ES and PSE are the severity and extent of stroke, the presence
of cortical involvement and hemorrhagic transformation, while PSE is also predicted by younger
age at stroke onset. Few data exist on physiopathology and seizure semiology, and no randomized
controlled trial has been performed to standardize the therapeutic approach to post-stroke epilepsy.

Conclusion:
Some aspects of ES and PSE have been well explored, particularly epidemiology and
risk factors. On the contrary, few data exist on physiopathology, and existing evidence is mainly
based on studies on animal models. Little is also known about seizure semiology, which may also be
difficult to interpret by non-epileptologists. Moreover, the therapeutic approach needs standardization
as regards indications and the choice of specific ASMs. Future research may help to better elucidate
these aspects.
Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery to Brain: Interventions of Surface Modification
Authors: Sharma Surbhi , Dang Shweta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Brain disorders are a prevalent and rapidly growing problem in the medical field as they
adversely affect the quality of life of a human. With an increase in life expectancy, it has been reported
that diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, stroke and brain tumors, along with neuropsychological
disorders, are also being reported at an alarmingly high rate. Despite various therapeutic methods for
treating brain disorders, drug delivery to the brain has been challenging because of a very complex
Blood Brain Barrier, which precludes most drugs from entering the brain in effective concentrations.
Nano-carrier-based drug delivery systems have been reported widely by researchers to overcome this
barrier layer. These systems due to their small size, offer numerous advantages; however, their short
residence time in the body owing to opsonization hinders their success in vivo. This review article focuses
on the various aspects of modifying the surfaces of these nano-carriers with polymers, surfactants,
protein, antibodies, cell-penetrating peptides, integrin binding peptides and glycoproteins such
as transferrin & lactoferrin leading to enhanced residence time, desirable characteristics such as the
ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), increased bioavailability in regions of the brain and targeted
drug delivery.
The Synthesis of Australine and its Stereoisomers as Naturally Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Authors: Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi , Jamasbi Negar , Mohajer Fatemeh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Natural products are important from researchers’ perspectives due to their importance and applicability. Polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine alkaloids are sugar mimics and received a growing interest in the last few years. Australine is a naturally polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine, which was isolated from the seeds of Castanospermum austral, and exhibits potent biological activities such as inhibited glycosidases, as well as anti-virus, and anti-HIV activities. Thus, there is a considerable deal of interest in the synthesis of these classes of compounds. Different synthetic strategies and methodologies for the preparation of Australine and its stereoisomers were considered.
Expert Opinion for the Management of Severe Asthma in Adults in the
Gulf Region
Authors: Alzaabi Ashraf , Najib Marwan , Samaha Hala , Jaiganesh Thiagarajan , Kassem Abeer , Abbas Ahmed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Asthma is a noncommunicable, chronic respiratory disease affecting 339 million individ-uals globally. The SNAPSHOT study suggests a prevalence rate of 6.4% in the Middle East region and 7.6% in the Gulf region alone, causing a significant healthcare burden. The management of se-vere asthma poses a significant challenge, thus accounting for suboptimal disease control. Diagnosis of severe asthma is quite difficult, considering the multiple factors playing a pivotal role in disease progression and management. Primary care physicians (PCPs) are predominantly involved in deci-sion-making in asthma diagnosis and control. Therefore, educating the PCPs regarding diagnostic strategies and guiding them for a timely referral to specialists can reduce fatal episodes and disease exacerbations. In this way, PCPs may ensure effective treatment and achieve optimal disease con-trol. To develop an algorithm and decision tree that may aid PCPs in the timely referral of severe asthma patients to specialists, an expert committee meeting was convened in December 2020 with leading experts from the United Arab Emirates. A three-step algorithm “CAR” was established to guide PCPs: “confirm” and check diagnosis, “assess” factors contributing to exacerbations and poor quality of life, and “refer” to a specialist. The “Severe Asthma Referral approach” conceptualized herein for the PCPs may help overcome the pragmatic challenges of early diagnosis, establish sim-ple referral criteria for specialists, and attain severe asthma treatment goals.
Bis-iodine-labeled Curcumin as a Potential CT Imaging Agent for
β-amyloid Plaques in the Brain
Authors: Dai Yaqian , Peng Liduo , Tian Xiaoyan , Wu Xingwang , Xu Yuanhong , Jiang Taoshan , Qiao Jinping 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia, affecting many old people.

Objectives:
By designing and synthesizing intracerebral imaging probes, we try to provide a new solution for early diagnosis of AD.

Methods:
We designed and synthesized bis-iodine-labeled curcumin, and verified its performance through in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Results:
In this study, bis-iodine-labeled curcumin (7, BICUR) was synthesized. In the in vitro mass spectrum binding assay, Kd values of BICUR with Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 aggregates were 46.29 nM and 64.29 nM, respectively. Aβ plaques in AD brain adjacent sections were positively stained by BICUR, which was similar to some other curcumin derivatives. The LogP value of BICUR was 1.45. In the biodistribution experiment, BICUR showed the highest initial brain uptake (5.87% compared with the blood concentration) two minutes after the tail vein injection and rapid clearance from the mouse brain. In the acute toxicity experiment, BICUR showed low toxicity, and the LD50 was > 100 mg/kg. Moreover, BICUR showed a high stability in vitro (86.68% unchanged BICUR after incubation for 120 min in mouse brain homogenate). Besides, BICUR produced an enhanced CT imaging effect that could be sensitively detected in vitro, but it also showed an obvious differentiation from surrounding tissues after intracerebral injection.

Conclusion:
All results suggested that BICUR could probably act as a targeted CT imaging agent for Aβ plaques in the brain.
Myasthenia Gravis and Vitamin D Serum Levels: A Systematic Review
and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bonaccorso Giovanni 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Vitamin D has been extensively studied for its role in immune modulation,
especially in the process of tolerance induction. The loss of tolerance towards self-antigens is the basis
of several autoimmune disorders; this seems to be related to lower levels of Vitamin D. A neurological
autoimmune disorder due to the loss of tolerance to compounds at the neuromuscular junction is
known as Myasthenia Gravis (MG).

Objective:
To assess the possible correlation between altered Vitamin D levels and MG.

Methods:
In this systematic review, all recruited studies compared Vitamin D levels in MG patients
and healthy controls. Five studies fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in the quantitative
synthesis. The meta-analysis involved data of a total population size of 450 individuals, equally divided
into 219 cases and 231 controls.

Results:
The results showed a statistically significant mean difference between cases and controls. The
overall mean Vitamin D levels in MG patients were 4.69 ng/ml lower than control levels (95% CI
-6.17; -3.22); by applying a random-effects model, this mean difference was estimated at -3.79 (95%
CI -7.24; -0.33), after exclusion of data source of heterogeneity and through applying a fixed-effect
model, resulted in a mean difference -5.39 (95% CI -6.91; -3.88). The p-value was lower than 0.05.

Conclusion:
There are statistically significant lower levels of Vitamin D in MG patients, so routine
checking and possible correction should be advised in MG patients based on the current data.
Computer Network Technology for the Construction of Engineering Safety
Supervision and Management Systems
Authors: Jagota Vishal , Xu Weixing , Smail Boussaadi , Chopra Pooja , Kaur Arshpreet 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Nowadays, the function of information construction in construction project quality supervision and management is increasingly prominent, and it has become a task that cannot be ignored by administrative departments.

Objective:
To supervise and manage engineering safety data effectively and display the system construction more intuitively, a method based on computer network technology is proposed.

Methods:
K-means clustering, random forest, neural network, and other artificial intelligence algorithms were used for data modelling, and classification model evaluation, regression model evaluation, and other evaluation tools were used to evaluate the quality of the built model, and the power engineering monitoring system was established. The functions of engineering safety supervision and management, data storage and query, deformation graphical display, data analysis and forecast, results report output, and so on are realized.

Results:
The results showed that the mean square error of K-means was 7.74, the mean square error of random forest was 27.5, and the error of neural network was 4.4.

Conclusion:
Neural network has the smallest error and the closest data. The establishment of the system provides a new research platform for power engineering safety supervision and management.