bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties enhancement of packaging materials based on gelatin
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Shahrulnizam , Ali Roshafima Rasit , Majid Rohah A. , Mohamad Zurina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe main disadvantages of plastic materials are that they do not readily break down in the environment and cause harmful effects. For a specific use, biodegradable and/or edible films have been produced to totally replace some typical polymeric packaging materials. Protein and polysaccharides biopolymers have film‐forming properties that are useful for food packaging. Gelatin is an example of a protein that has the ability to form a film, has strong functional qualities, and can be used as an exterior barrier to prevent drying. Gelatin has adverse effects on food packaging application, especially mechanical properties and water vapor permeability. The effect of the incorporation of plasticizers in gelatin films is reviewed and presented. The plasticizer can improve the extensibility, dispensability, flexibility, elasticity, and rigidity of biopolymers and biopolymers composites. The plasticizers reviewed are glycerol, sorbitol, lignin, root essential oils, bergamot oil, lemongrass oil, sucrose, oleic acid, malic acid, and citric acid, and others. These plasticizers have strengthened the film structure by continuity of polymer matrix where the gelatin films become more stretchable and also flexible. This study also discussed the effect of plasticizers on other properties of gelatin film such as water vapor permeability (WVP), thermal properties, water‐solubility, moisture content, oxygen permeability, light transmission, and transparency.
Landesspezifische Determinanten unterschiedlicher Erscheinungsformen zivilgesellschaftlichen Handelns
Authors: Holtmann Everhard , Jaeck Tobias , Wohlleben Odette 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden verschiedene Formen zivilgesellschaftlichen Handelns in den Bundesländern analysiert. Der zentrale Fokus dieser Analysen liegt darauf, fördernde und störende beziehungsweise hemmende Einflussfaktoren auf zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement zu identifizieren und zu beschreiben. Im Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse auf der Ebene der Bundesländer betrachtet.
Kurzfassung wichtiger Ergebnisse
Authors: Holtmann Everhard , Jaeck Tobias , Wohlleben Odette 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit 1999 ist die Zahl freiwillig engagierter Bürgerinnen und Bürger in Deutschland um etwa 9 % gewachsen. Auf einem etwa gleichen Niveau von rund 40 % stagnierte die Engagementquote zwischen 2014 und 2019. Auch die Vorstufe zum Engagement, das heißt der Gesamtanteil öffentlich gemeinschaftlicher Aktivitäten, hat sich, gemessen am gleichen Ausgangsjahr, innerhalb der vergangenen 2 Jahrzehnte moderat um gut 3 Prozentpunkte auf 66 % erhöht. Im Zeitverlauf wird insbesondere beim freiwilligen Engagement eine Tendenz zu länderübergreifender Konvergenz erkennbar. Doch nach wie vor differiert die real gemessene Engagementfreudigkeit zwischen den Bundesländern.
Charakteristika älterer im Vergleich zu jüngeren Notfallpatienten
Authors: Langhoop Katharina , Habbinga Kirsten , Greiner Felix , Hoffmann Falk ,   AKTIN-Notaufnahmeregister, Wehler Markus , Blaschke Sabine , Hofmann Tobias , Lucas Benjamin , Grupp Caroline , Pietsch Christian , Horn Oliver , Höger-Schmidt Heike , Dormann Harald , Ullrich Greta , Habbinga Kirsten , Henke Thomas , Schilling Tobias , Erdmann Bernadett , Wetzel Eckart , Baacke Markus , Grashey Rupert , Röhrig Rainer , Majeed Raphael , Bienzeisler Jonas , Walcher Felix , Schirrmeister Wiebke , Otto Ronny 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ziel ist es, bundesweit und klinikübergreifend altersspezifische Unterschiede in den Charakteristika insbesondere von älteren Notfallpatienten herauszuarbeiten.

Methodik
Aus 11 sowohl universitären als auch außeruniversitären Notaufnahmen, angeschlossen an das AKTIN (Aktionsbündnis für Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie in Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin) -Notaufnahmeregister, wurden für das Kalenderjahr 2019 Daten aller Notfallpatienten im Mindestalter von 18 Jahren analysiert. Neben demografischen Daten wurden Variablen wie Zu‑/Einweiser, Transportart, Stufe der Ersteinschätzung, Diagnosen, Aufenthaltsdauer und Verlegungsart erfasst und nach Altersgruppen sowie dezidiert nach jüngeren (18–64 Jahre) und älteren Patienten (65+ Jahre) verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Eingeschlossen wurden Daten von 356.354 Patienten (39,1 % davon  65+ Jahre). Im Vergleich zu jüngeren werden ältere Notfallpatienten eher rettungsdienstbegleitet (15,4 % vs. 34,3 %) und fast doppelt so häufig notarztbegleitet (6,4 % vs. 12,2 %). Mit zunehmendem Alter nimmt die Therapiedringlichkeit zu, 47,1 % der Jüngeren und 66,1 % der Älteren wurden als gelb, orange oder rot eingestuft. Gleichzeitig sind bei 65+-Jährigen internistische Erkrankungen (22,5 % vs. 38,8 %) als auch stationäre Aufnahmen (27,5 % vs. 60,3 %) sowie direkte Verlegungen auf Intensivstation (4,5 % vs. 11,9 %) deutlich häufiger als bei den jüngeren Notfallpatienten.

Schlussfolgerung
Etwa 40 % aller erwachsenen Notfallpatienten sind 65+ Jahre alt. Sie sind im Vergleich zu Jüngeren dringlicherer behandlungsbedürftig und werden deutlich häufiger stationär aufgenommen. Bei den älteren Patienten sind häufiger internistische Krankheitsbilder die führenden Notaufnahmediagnosen.
Urethritis durch Koinfektion mit Neisseria gonorrhoeae und Enterobius vermicularis bei einem 27-jährigen Patienten
Authors: Schadelbauer Eva , Tripolt-Droschl Katharina , Sadoghi Birgit 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungEine Urethritis wird oft durch sexuell übertragbare Pathogene (beispielsweise Chlamydia trachomatis [CT] und Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]) hervorgerufen [1]. Infektionen mit NG sind eine globale Bürde, da sich jährlich etwa 90 Mio. Erwachsene infizieren [2]. Die Behandlung soll nach Empfehlungen nationaler Richtlinien und Resistenzprofilen erfolgen [2, 3]. Enterobius vermicularis (EV) ist der häufigste humane Helminth [4, 5]. Schätzungen zufolge sind weltweit bis zu 1 Mrd. Menschen infiziert [6]. Symptome beinhalten analen Pruritus, wobei viele Infektionen asymptomatisch verlaufen [4–7]. Die Autoren beschreiben den Fall einer Urethritis durch simultane Infektion mit NG und EV.
Die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung von Individuellen Gesundheitsleistungen (IGeL) in der Augenheilkunde über die Zeit: Umfrageergebnisse aus 2010 und 2020
Authors: Liang Paula , Wacker Katrin , Schlunck Günther , Agostini Hansjürgen , Raffelhüschen Bernd , Reinhard Thomas , Bucher Felicitas 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Individuelle Gesundheitsleistungen (IGeL) ermöglichen die Versorgung von Patienten mit medizinischen Leistungen außerhalb des Leistungskataloges der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Eine zentrale Datenerhebung zu erbrachten IGeL in der medizinischen Versorgung existiert jedoch nicht.

Fragestellung
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Spektrum und den Umfang erbrachter IGeL in der Augenheilkunde beispielhaft für die Bedeutung von IGeL in Deutschland basierend auf Umfrageergebnissen abzubilden.

Material und Methoden
Bundesweit wurden 2010 und 2020 randomisiert 10 % der niedergelassenen Augenärzte mittels eines anonymisierten Fragebogens schriftlich kontaktiert, wobei in 2020 zusätzlich noch dieselben Augenärzte aus 2010 angeschrieben wurden. Der Fragebogen erhob Daten zu Praxisstruktur, Gesamteinnahmen durch IGeL pro Praxis sowie Häufigkeit und Preis spezifischer IGeL.

Ergebnisse
Einnahmen aus IGeL pro Praxis wurden 2010 durchschnittlich auf 21 % und 2020 auf 23 % des Regelleistungsvolumens geschätzt. Glaukom- und Gutachten-IGeL wurden von fast allen Augenärzten angeboten, wobei das Glaukomscreening mit einer durchschnittlichen Frequenz von über 150 Untersuchungen/Monat am häufigsten durchgeführt wurde. Einzelne IGeL, wie z. B. der HRT-IGeL, wurden 2020 von deutlich weniger Augenärzten angeboten als 2010, während IGeL, basierend auf anderen technologischen Verfahren wie das Glaukom-OCT, 2020 vermehrt angeboten wurden.

Diskussion
Der Umfang erbrachter IGeL in niedergelassenen Augenarztpraxen war zwischen 2010 und 2020 stabil. Das Spektrum angebotener Leistungen 2020 im Vergleich zu 2010 spiegelt einen dynamischen Wandel mit der Durchsetzung neuer Technologien in der Routineversorgung wider.
The prevalence of hoarseness among health care professionals: time trends and effect of remediation in working conditions in 2007–2018
Authors: Vilén Liisa , Atosuo Janne , Putus Tuula 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate time trends in the prevalence of hoarseness among health care professionals in primary health care units (PHC) and in hospitals from 2007 to 2018. Moreover, purpose was to discover potential indoor environmental quality (IEQ) risk factors as well as to determine the effect of the remediation of the indoor air problems on the prevalence of hoarseness.

Methods
The health status was collected from all employees in these units/hospitals (N = 1564/1199) with questionnaires and the follow-ups were carried out as an open cohort. Based on building condition inspections, buildings were classified to be an “exposed” or “reference” buildings by third-party experts. The before and after remediation results were compared to reference buildings.

Results
During follow-up, hoarseness has not increased in those PHC units with good IEQ. In the pilot study, the prevalence of hoarseness in non-exposed reference building was 5.9%, and it stayed approximately at the same level throughout the follow-up. Whereas in buildings with an IEQ problem the prevalence of hoarseness varied between 16.2 and 36.1% and it decreased to 11.4% after the remediations. In a large hospital with severe IEQ problems, the prevalence of hoarseness was 39.1%, and in hospital buildings with a milder exposure 23.3%. The most important risk factors for hoarseness were asthma, allergic rhinitis and IEQ problems.

Conclusion
A good indoor environment and the remediation of damaged buildings seem to promote a better condition of the voice in health care workers.
Zeitdimensionen des menschlichen Lebens
Authors: Steinfath Holmer , Clausen Anne 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungAngesichts der zentralen Bedeutung, die die spezifische Zeitlichkeit unserer Existenz für Fragen der Lebensführung hat, liegt es auf der Hand, dass gerade auch im Bereich von Medizin und Medizinethik zeitliche Dimensionen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Das Feld der dabei zu beachtenden temporalen Phänomene wird jedoch schnell unübersichtlich. Vor deren medizinethischer Bewertung erscheint deswegen eine philosophische Vorklärung relevanter Zeitunterscheidungen angezeigt. Eine solche Vorklärung nehmen wir in diesem Aufsatz in Angriff. Ziel ist die Entwicklung einer Matrix von temporalen Differenzierungen, die auch zur ethischen Orientierung medizinischer Praktiken herangezogen werden sollten. Auf der Basis der grundlegenden Unterscheidung zwischen der Zeit, in der sich unser Leben wie andere Prozesse auch abspielt, und der Zeitlichkeit, die dieses Leben wesentlich ausmacht, arbeiten wir vier Zeitfelder heraus: die lineare Zeit der chronologischen Ordnung von Ereignissen, die intersubjektive Zeit sozialer Interaktionen, die zyklische Zeit biologischer und sozialer Rhythmen und die biographische Zeit, in der Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft existenzielle Bedeutungen annehmen und Endlichkeit und Irreversibilität von Lebensprozessen verhandelt werden. Zur Erläuterung dieser viergliedrigen Matrix greifen wir auf verschiedene Zeitphilosophien zurück, etwa auf solche aus der phänomenologischen Tradition oder aus der neueren analytischen Diskussion.
Study and comparison of different Machine Learning-based approaches to solve the inverse problem in Electrical Impedance Tomographies
Authors: Aller Martín , Mera David , Cotos José Manuel. , Villaroya Sebastián 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technique used to obtain the electrical internal conductivity distribution from the interior of bodies. This is a promising method from the manufacturing viewpoint, since it could be used to estimate different physical inner body properties during the production of goods. Nevertheless, this technique requires dealing with an inverse problem that makes its usage in real-time processes challenging. Recently, Machine Learning techniques have been proposed to solve the inverse problem accurately. However, the majority of prior research is focused on qualitative results, and they typically lack a systematic methodology to determine the optimal hyperparameters appropriately. This work presents a systematic comparison of six popular Machine Learning algorithms: Artificial Neural Network, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Elastic Net, Ada Boost, and Gradient Boosting. Particularly, the last two algorithms were based on decision tree learners. Furthermore, we studied the relationship between model performance and different EIT configurations. Specifically, we analyzed whether the measurement pattern and the number of used electrodes could increase the model performance. Experiments revealed that tree-based models present high performance, even better than Neural Networks, the most widely-used Machine Learning model to deal with EIT. Experiments also showed a model performance improvement when the EIT configuration was optimized. Most favorable metrics were attained using the tree-based Gradient Boosting model with a combination of both adjacent and mono measurement patterns as well as with 32 electrodes deployed during the tomographic process. With this particular setting, we achieved an accuracy of 99.14% detecting internal artifacts and a Root Mean Square Error of 4.75 predicting internal conductivity distributions.
Analysis of non-Markovian repairable fault trees through rare event simulation
Authors: Budde Carlos E. , D’Argenio Pedro R. , Monti Raúl E. , Stoelinga Mariëlle 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDynamic fault trees (DFTs) are widely adopted in industry to assess the dependability of safety-critical equipment. Since many systems are too large to be studied numerically, DFTs dependability is often analysed using Monte Carlo simulation. A bottleneck here is that many simulation samples are required in the case of rare events, e.g. in highly reliable systems where components seldom fail. Rare event simulation (RES) provides techniques to reduce the number of samples in the case of rare events. In this article, we present a RES technique based on importance splitting to study failures in highly reliable DFTs, more precisely, on a variant of repairable fault trees (RFT). Whereas RES usually requires meta-information from an expert, our method is fully automatic. For this, we propose two different methods to derive the so-called importance function. On the one hand, we propose to cleverly exploit the RFT structure to compositionally construct such function. On the other hand, we explore different importance functions derived in different ways from the minimal cut sets of the tree, i.e., the minimal units that determine its failure. We handle RFTs with Markovian and non-Markovian failure and repair distributions—for which no numerical methods exist—and implement the techniques on a toolchain that includes the RES engine FIG, for which we also present improvements. We finally show the efficiency of our approach in several case studies.
The Sumo coach problem
Authors: Rehsmann Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe address the optimal allocation of stochastically dependent resource bundles to a set of simultaneous contests. For this purpose, we study a modification of the Colonel Blotto Game called the Tennis Coach Problem. We devise a thoroughly probabilistic method of payoff representation and fully characterize equilibria in this class of games. We further formalize the idea of strategic team training in a comparative static setting. The problem applies to several distinct economic interactions but seems most prevalent in team sports with individual matches, for instance, in Tennis and Sumo.
Values of blockchain for risk-averse high-tech manufacturers under government’s carbon target environmental taxation policies
Authors: Choi Tsan-Ming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractToday, high-tech industries such as consumer electronics commonly face government rules on carbon emissions. Among the rules, carbon emission tax as well as extended producer responsibility (EPR) tax are two important measures. Using blockchain, the policy makers can better determine the carbon target environmental taxation (CTET) policy with accurate information. In this paper, based on the mean-variance framework, we study the values of blockchain for risk-averse high-tech manufacturers who are under the government’s CTET policy. To be specific, the government first determines the optimal CTET policy. The high-tech manufacturer then reacts and determines its optimal production quantity. We analytically prove that the CTET policy simply relies on the setting of the optimal EPR tax. Then, in the absence of blockchain, we consider the case in which the government does not know the manufacturer’s degree of risk aversion for sure and then derive the expected value of using blockchain for the high-tech manufacturers. We study when it is wise for the high-tech manufacturer and the government to implement blockchain. To check for robustness, we consider in two extended models respectively the situations in which blockchain incurs non-trivial costs as well as having an alternative risk measure. We analytically show that most of the qualitative findings remain valid.
A novel design scheme for acoustic cloaking of complex shape based on region partitioning and multi-origin coordinate transformation
Authors: Li Pengfei , Yang Fan , Wang Peng , Zhao Jinfeng , Zhong Zheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcoustic cloaking is an important application of acoustic metamaterials. This article proposes a novel design scheme for acoustic cloaking based on the region partitioning and multi-origin coordinate transformation. The cloaked region is partitioned into multiple narrow strips. For each strip, a local coordinate system is established with the local origin located at the strip center, and a coordinate transformation in the local coordinate system is conducted to squeeze the material along the strip length direction to form the cloaked region. To facilitate the implementation of the acoustic cloak, the multilayer effective medium is used to approximate the non-uniform anisotropic material parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed coordinate transformation method is verified by comparing the results from our method with those in the literature. Firstly, the results of a circular acoustic cloak in the literature are reproduced by using our finite element (FE) simulations for validation. Then, a comparison is made between the traditional coordinate transformation scheme and our new scheme for simulating an elliptical acoustic cloak. The results indicate that the proposed multi-origin coordinate transformation method has a better cloaking effect on the incident wave along the ellipse minor axis direction than the traditional method. This means that for the same object, an appropriate transformation scheme can be selected for different incident wave directions to achieve the optimal control effect. The validated scheme is further used to design an arch-shaped cloak composed of an upper semicircular area and a lower rectangular area, by combining the traditional single-centered coordinate transformation method for the semicircular area and the proposed multi-origin method for the rectangular area. The results show that the designed cloak can effectively control the wave propagation with significantly reduced acoustic pressure level. This work provides a flexible acoustic cloak design method applicable for arbitrary shapes and different wave incident directions, enriching the theory of acoustic cloaking based on coordinate transformation.
How to help digital-native students to successfully take control of their learning: A return of 8 years of experience on a computer science e-learning platform in higher education
Authors: Beaudoin Laurent , Avanthey Loïca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we present an educational reform we implemented a few years ago to respond to a marked drop in the success of students entering higher education in computer science. The main objective of our reform is to adapt the teaching methods of Generation X-Y to Generation Y-Z or more. To do this, we propose two approaches. First, to make learning more active, stimulating and empowering. Second, to make learning more individualized in a context of a large group of students with an optimization of the teacher’s time. We first present an analysis of the probable reasons for the lower level of students and the specific issues encountered by both students and teachers. Then, we detail how we implemented these solutions in the form of an original e-learning platform based on two back-end tools able to manage large number of students: an efficient real-time auto-corrector of source codes and a very robust anti-plagiarism software based on computer distance information theory. Finally, we present the results obtained after an experimentation of 8 years. These results are put into perspective by an analysis of 15 years of qualitative and quantitative indicators carried out on hundreds of students each year. The analysis shows that the technical skills and the involvement of students are improved even in groups of several hundreds of students. Computer science teachers wishing to quickly and concretely develop the involvement of their students can rely on these tried and tested key levers and solutions presented.
Exploring the Role of Organizational Mindfulness on Cloud Computing and Firm Performance: The Case of Kenyan Organizations
Authors: Oredo John , Dennehy Denis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The popularity and use of cloud computing has largely been driven by the reported benefits on firm performance. Despite this technology providing a paradigm shift in information technology (IT) services, the process through which the adoption of cloud computing effects organizational performance in the context of developing countries is still unclear. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical discussion that advances our understanding about the mediating and moderating roles of organizational mindfulness in the context of cloud computing adoption and organizational performance. A research model is developed and tested using structural equation modelling. A firm level cross sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 180 organizations in the financial, manufacturing and IT sectors in Kenya. The findings reveal that organizations need to systematically develop mindfulness capabilities to benefit from the adoption of cloud, and IT innovations in general. The study has implications for research and practice.