bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic diseases and multi-morbidity in persons experiencing homelessness: results from a cross-sectional study conducted at three humanitarian clinics in Germany in 2020
Authors: Lutchmun Wandini , Gach Janina , Borup Christiane , Froeschl Guenter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersons experiencing homelessness (PEH) suffer a high burden of chronic diseases and multi-morbidity, yet face significant barriers in accessing healthcare services. These health inequalities were further aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic. While there is a lack of comprehensive health data on PEH, even less is known about populations experiencing housing exclusion, a hidden form of homelessness. This study examines and compares chronic diseases and multi-morbidity in PEH, persons experiencing housing exclusion, and persons with secure housing who lacked access to regular healthcare services in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.MethodsStudy participants were adults who sought medical care at clinics of the humanitarian organisation “Ärzte der Welt” in Munich, Hamburg and Berlin in 2020. The patients were categorised into three housing groups according to the ETHOS classification of homelessness and housing exclusion. Socio-demographic characteristics, self-rated health, chronic diseases and multi-morbidity were described in each group. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify socio-demographic factors associated with higher odds of chronic diseases and multi-morbidity in each housing group.ResultsOf the 695 study participants, 333 experienced homelessness, 292 experienced housing exclusion and 70 had secure housing. 92.3% of all patients had either no or limited health coverage, and 96.7% were below the poverty line. Males and EU/EEA citizens were highly represented among PEH (74.2% and 56.8% respectively). PEH had lower self-rated health (47.8%,p = 0.04), and a higher prevalence of psychiatric illness (20.9%,p = 0.04). In adjusted analyses, belonging to the age group 35–49 and ≥ 50 years were associated with greater odds of chronic disease (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.68–3.24; AOR = 3.57, 95% CI = 2.55–5.01, respectively) while being ≥ 50 years old was associated with multi-morbidity (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.21, 3.33). Of the 18 participants tested for SARS-COV-2, 15 were PEH, 1 of whom tested positive.ConclusionsHousing status was not an independent risk factor for chronic disease and multi-morbidity in our study population. However, PEH reported poorer self-rated and psychiatric health. Strategies to improve access to healthcare services amongst persons experiencing homelessness and housing exclusion are needed in Germany.
The use of generative adversarial networks to alleviate class imbalance in tabular data: a survey
Authors: Sauber-Cole Rick , Khoshgoftaar Taghi M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe existence of class imbalance in a dataset can greatly bias the classifier towards majority classification. This discrepancy can pose a serious problem for deep learning models, which require copious and diverse amounts of data to learn patterns and output classifications. Traditionally, data-level and algorithm-level techniques have been instrumental in mitigating the adverse effect of class imbalance. With the recent development and proliferation of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), researchers across a variety of disciplines have adapted the architecture of GANs and implemented them on imbalanced datasets to generate instances of the underrepresented class(es). Though the bulk of research has been centered on the application of this methodology in computer vision tasks, GANs are likewise being appropriated for use in tabular data, or data consisting of rows and columns with traditional structured data types. In this survey paper, we assess the methodology and efficacy of these modifications on tabular datasets, across domains such network traffic classification and financial transactions over the past seven years. We examine what methodologies and experimental factors have resulted in the greatest machine learning efficacy, as well as the research works and frameworks which have proven most influential in the development of the application of GANs in tabular data settings. Specifically, we note the prevalence of the CGAN architecture, the optimality of novel methods with CNN learners and minority-class sensitive measures such as F1 score, the popularity of SMOTE as a baseline technique, and the improved performance in the year-over-year use of GANs in imbalanced tabular datasets.
Successful recording of direct cortical motor-evoked potential from a pediatric patient under remimazolam anesthesia: a case report
Authors: Kamata Kotoe , Asagi Suguru , Shimoda Yoshiteru , Kanamori Masayuki , Abe Nozomu , Sugino Shigekazu , Tominaga Teiji , Yamauchi Masanori 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Intraoperative motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring reduces postoperative motor deficits. Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia is the gold standard for intraoperative myogenic MEPs. Although there is no contraindication to administering propofol in adults with peanut, soy, or egg allergies, its safety in children with these allergies remains unclear.

Case presentation
A 12-year-old girl required general anesthesia under intraoperative direct cortical MEP (dc-MEP) monitoring due to supratentorial glioma. Remimazolam-based anesthesia was selected, instead of propofol, due to the patient’s egg hypersensitivity. Stable myogenic MEPs were recorded throughout the surgery with remimazolam at 0.9 mg/kg/h and remifentanil at 0.35 μg/kg/min, following adjustments of stimulation intensity and titration of remimazolam infusion. Neither intraoperative memory nor motor deficits were present after surgery.

Conclusions
We present a pediatric case whose dc-MEP was recorded under remimazolam anesthesia. The cardiovascular stability and avoidance of propofol infusion syndrome with remimazolam were superior to propofol.
Super-refractory status epilepticus in adults
Authors: Malter Michael P , Neuneier Janina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) represents the culmination of refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and carries a significant risk of poor neurological outcome and high mortality. RSE is not defined primarily by seizure duration, but by failure to respond to appropriate antiseizure treatment. SRSE is present when a RSE persists or recurs after more than 24 h of treatment with anesthetics. No evidence-based treatment algorithms can be provided for SRSE. Therefore, we propose a pragmatic standard operating procedure (SOP) for the management of SRSE that addresses the existing uncertainties in the treatment of SRSE and provides options for resolution and decision-making.

Comments
First, we recommend the assessment of persistent seizure activity and the evaluation of differential diagnoses to confirm correct diagnosis. Relevant differential diagnoses include psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, hypoxic, metabolic, or toxic encephalopathies, and tetanus. During SE or in severe encephalopathies, a so-called electroclinical ictal-interictal continuum may occur, which denotes an intermediate stage that cannot be defined with certainty as ictal or interictal by EEG and should not lead to harmful overtreatment. Because both prognosis and specific treatment options depend crucially on the etiology of SRSE, the etiological evaluation should be performed rapidly. When SRSE is confirmed, various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are available.

Conclusion
We provide a pragmatical SOP for adult people with SRSE.
Regional computed tomography perfusion deficits in patients with hypoglycemia: two case reports
Authors: Sartor-Pfeiffer Jennifer , Lingel Mirjam , Stefanou Maria-Ioanna , Lindig Tobias , Bender Benjamin , Poli Sven , Ziemann Ulf , Fritsche Andreas , Feil Katharina , Mengel Annerose 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus, particularly type 1 can mimic acute ischemic stroke by causing focal neurological deficits. In acute ischemic stroke, the interpretation of emergency imaging including computed tomography with angiography and perfusion is crucial to guide revascularizing therapy including intravenous thrombolysis. However, different metabolic abnormalities and stroke mimics can cause focal hypoperfusion.

Methods
We describe two type 1 diabetes patients presenting with acute focal neurological deficits and hypoglycemia, who underwent multimodal computed tomography and follow-up imaging.

Case presentation
Patient 1, a 20-year-old man presented with aphasia and interstitial glucose level of 54 mg/dl. Patient 2, a 77-year-old man presented with aphasia, mild right-sided brachiofacial paresis and interstitial glucose level of 83 mg/dl. On brain imaging, no acute infarct signs were noted. Yet, both had focal left hemispheric cerebral hypoperfusion without large-vessel occlusion or stenosis. Due to persistent symptoms after normalization of blood glucose and despite a perfusion imaging pattern that was interpretated as non-typical for ischemia, both patients underwent thrombolysis without any complications.

Conclusion
Computed tomography perfusion might help to discriminate hypoglycemia with focal neurological signs from acute stroke, but further evidence is needed.
Real-time GNSS precise point positioning with smartphones for vehicle navigation
Authors: Li Zishen , Wang Liang , Wang Ningbo , Li Ran , Liu Ang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe availability of raw Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements from Android smart devices gives new possibilities for precise positioning solutions, e.g., Precise Point Positioning (PPP). However, the accuracy of the PPP with smart devices currently is a few meters due to the poor quality of the raw GNSS measurements in a kinematic scenario and in urban environments, particularly when the smart devices are placed inside vehicles. To promote the application of GNSS PPP for land vehicle navigation with smart devices, this contribution studies the real-time PPP with smartphones. For data quality analysis and positioning performance validation, two vehicle-based kinematic positioning tests were carried out using two Huawei Mate30 smartphones and two Huawei P40 smartphones with different installation modes: the vehicle-roof mode with smartphones mounted on the top roof outside the vehicle, and the dashboard mode with smartphones stabilized on the dashboard inside the vehicle. To realize high accuracy positioning, we proposed a real-time smartphone PPP method with the data processing strategies adapted for smart devices. Positioning results show that the real-time PPP can achieve the horizontal positioning accuracy of about 1–1.5 m in terms of root-mean-square and better than 2.5 m at the 95th percentile for the vehicle-based kinematic positioning with the experimental smartphones mounted on the dashboard inside the vehicle, which is the real scenario in vehicle navigation.
Novel Ca and Ca-Li Intercalated B/C and B/C/N Materials with Layered Structures
Authors: Kawaguchi Masayuki , Ishikawa Hiromichi , Berger Pascal , Fauchard Mélissa , Cahen Sébastien , Hérold Claire 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Boron/carbon/nitrogen (B/C/N) materials and boron/carbon (B/C) materials having graphite-like layered structures were synthesized by using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Calcium (Ca) was intercalated into the B/C materials by the reaction of Ca vapor with the host B/C film to form an intercalation compound with a second stage structure as a main product. Ca was also co-intercalated with lithium (Li) into the B/C/N materials by using a liquid-alloy method to form an intercalation compound. These are the first examples of syntheses of Ca and Ca-Li intercalated B/C and B/C/N materials. A nuclear microprobe analysis (NMA) indicated the compositions of the original host B/C/N and B/C materials to be BC2.6N0.55 and BC6.4, and the Ca-Li intercalated compound to be Ca0.67Li0.42(BC3.3N0.50) and suggested the homogeneity of these materials and the compound. We also found that the NMA is one of the most accurate methods for determining the compositions of air and water sensitive intercalation compounds as well as complex systems like B/C/N and B/C materials.
Assessments of Core Fitness
Authors: Behm David G. , Daneshjoo Abdolhamid , Alizadeh Shahab 
Published: August 2022

Apply It!
By reading this feature article, readers will learn:
• The assessment of core muscle strength, endurance, and coordination is important for training and health because the core is a crucial foundation for torque production and the transfer of loads from the limbs, pelvic, and shoulder girdles.
• Although clinical core assessments tend to emphasize the measurement of muscle activation, a wide array of functional assessments are effective for monitoring core strength when sustaining or completing a variety of positions (isometric) or tasks/movements (dynamic).
• In accord with training specificity, common movements such as squats, jumps, push-ups, and others are visually inspected to detect core dysfunctions (e.g., movement compensations, trunk buckling, and others). Many of these functional tests as well as balance tests do not solely evaluate core function.
• There are very few dynamic tests that measure core strength or power associated with the spectrum of human movement and specific to different sports (e.g., soccer, basketball, etc.), and this is a crucial area for future research.
Feasibility study of deep-learning-based bone suppression incorporated with single-energy material decomposition technique in chest X-rays
Authors: Lim Younghwan , Lee Minjae , Cho Hyosung , Kim Guna , Choi Jaegu , Cha Bokyung , Kim Sunkwon 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To improve the detection of lung abnormalities in chest X-rays by accurately suppressing overlapping bone structures in the lung area. According to literature on missed lung cancer in chest X-rays, such structures are a significant cause of chest-related diagnostic errors. Methods This study presents a deep-learning-based bone suppression method where a residual U-Net model is trained for chest X-rays using data set generated from the single-energy material decomposition (SEMD) technique on CT. Synthetic projection images and soft-tissue selective images were obtained from the CT data set via the SEMD, which were then used as the input and label data of the U-Net network. The trained network was tested on synthetic chest X-rays and two real chest radiographs. Results: Bone-suppressed images of the real chest radiographs obtained by the proposed method were similar to the results from the American Association of Physicists in Medicine lung CT data; pulmonary nodules in the soft-tissue selective images appeared more clearly than in the synthetic projection images. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity values measured between the output and the corresponding label images were approximately 17.85 and 0.90, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed method effectively yielded bone-suppressed chest X-ray images, indicating its clinical usefulness, and it can improve the detection of lung abnormalities in chest X-rays. Advances in knowledge: The idea of using SEMD to obtain large amounts of paired images for deep-learning-based bone suppression algorithms is novel.
An evaluation of the three measurable cardinal objectives of the National Youth Service Corps programme: a survey dataset
Authors: Owan Valentine J. , Emanghe Emanuel E. , Akpan Samuel M. , Alawa David A. , Ebuara Victor O. , Abanyam Victor A. , Owan Mercy V. , Unimna Fidelis A. , Ajigo Ikutal 
Published: August 2022

Background: The National Youth Service Corps programme is, among other targets, aimed at promoting national inclusiveness and tolerance in a culturally heterogeneous society. Despite the importance of this programme, little has been done to evaluate its degree of success. Where evaluations are done, they are never made public. There is a need for the NYSC programme, just like all other public programmes, to be evaluated for transparency, accountability and decision-making. From an evaluation of the three measurable objectives of the NYSC programme, this dataset bridges this gap. Methods: This dataset was collected from Nigerian graduates that completed their national service between 2012 and 2021. The data was collected through an electronic survey posted to various online platforms hosting National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) members of the various sets and batches. The data collection aimed to evaluate the three cardinal objectives of the programme. After three years of data collection (from 2019 to 2021), responses were obtained from 19,278 participants that met the eligibility criteria. The data is an Excel (.xlsx) document with 19,278 cases and 95 variables. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and simple percentages were used to summarise the data. However, charts are further used to illustrate the demographic attributes of the respondents. The dataset is broad and covers all the 36 states in Nigeria plus the Federal Capital Territory. Results: The data set has many reuse potentials because it contains information on camp activities (such as parades, military drills, redeployment, quality of food, and facilities, among others), primary assignments and community service engagements of corps members. Conclusions: The data can offer a complete evaluation of how the (NYSC) has attained three of its four cardinal objectives. A series of relationships can further be determined and tested using inferential statistics among the variables included in the dataset.
The implementation of a competency-based nursing curriculum in a developing country: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Nguyen Anh T.H. , Kunaviktikul Wipada , Stone Teresa Elizabeth , Sripusanapan Acharaporn , Thungjaroenkul Petsunee , Pham Dung T.T. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Competency-based nursing curricula prepare nurse graduates with the required competencies to function effectively in a rapidly changing and increasingly complex healthcare environment. Implementation of a competency-based curriculum requires considerable investment in time and resources, and this process has not been described in Vietnam, a developing country. This research explores nurse educators' experiences from six Vietnamese nursing schools regarding implementing a competency-based nursing curriculum through the lens of McGrath’s Input-Process-Output model. Methods: A qualitative descriptive method was used. A total of 11 participants were nurse academics purposively chosen from six nursing schools where a competency-based nursing curriculum has been implemented, and 11 in-depth interviews were conducted. Results: Participants identified various issues in implementing a competency-based nursing curriculum, including the need for curriculum redesign, required improvements in teaching and learning, and resistance from teaching staff. Adequate human resources and the availability of infrastructure facilitated the process. Simultaneously, barriers to implementation included nurse educators with poor preparation for a new curriculum, inadequate infrastructure, limited equipment, and no policies that support a competency-based curriculum. Conclusions: The study findings describe the process of moving to a competency-based nursing curriculum implementation in a low to the middle-income country from the perspective of nurse educators and indicate critical success factors in facilitating the process in similar environments.
Case Report: Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in radiation retinopathy
Authors: Ammari Wafa , Zaghdoudi Asma , Berriche Olfa , Messaoud Riadh 
Published: August 2022

We report the observation of a 31-year-old patient followed for a nasopharyngeal carcinoma since 2009, treated by locoregional radiotherapy, with a cumulative dose of 70 Gray. This case presented all ocular complications of radiotherapy; radiation retinopathy (RR), which is the most severe complication, could be diagnosed earlier and have a better prognosis if optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed. She presented with a progressive decline in bilateral visual acuity. Ophthalmologic examination revealed bilateral posterior subcapsular cataract, radiation retinopathy, and optic neuropathy. The OCT B-scan showed more pronounced macular edema in the right eye. The OCTA revealed enlargement of the central avascular zone and loss of the deep and superficial retinal vascular network. The patient received three consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), without improvement in visual acuity. The aim of this case report is to present the contribution of OCT-A in the diagnosis of radiation maculopathy, and attribute these changes to ischemia at the level of the retinal vascular network.
Can behavioural change interventions improve self-efficacy and exercise adherence among people with Parkinson’s? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Ahern Leanne , Timmons Prof Suzanne , Lamb Prof Sarah E , McCullagh Dr Ruth 
Published: August 2022

Background: People with Parkinson’s (PwP) have a higher tendency to adopt sedentary lifestyle behaviours and have lower physical activity levels compared to their healthy peers. Previous research has indicated that personal factors including poor outcome expectation and low self-efficacy are stronger predictors of exercise adherence than disease severity.: The purpose of this review is to synthesize the best available evidence on interventions that encompass self-management strategies to overcome barriers to exercise and improve self-efficacy and exercise adherence among PwP. Methods: The following databases will be searched using a comprehensive search strategy: EBSCO, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library from database inception to 2020. Interventional studies including behavioural change interventions will be included in this review. The title, abstract and full-text screening will be conducted by two independent reviewers. The Joanne Briggs Institute Checklist will be used to assess the quality of each included study. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers. The outcomes of interest will be self-efficacy outcomes and measures of exercise adherence. A systematic narrative synthesis will be conducted using a framework analysis, applying the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel, producing findings focusing on practice-orientated outcomes. Presentation of data will include tables and text summarizing the characteristics and findings of the eligible studies. Data synthesis and statistical analysis will be performed in Review manager 5.3. The quality of evidence will be reviewed using the GRADE criteria. Discussion: The review will comprehensively synthesize the available evidence on interventions to enhance self-efficacy, improve quality of life, physical function, ultimately improving exercise adherence among PwP and provide invaluable information for healthcare professionals.. This review will make recommendations for appropriate self-management strategies for maximum effect and may have implications for policy and practice regarding enhancing self-efficacy and long-term exercise adherence among PwP.