bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Performance of Advanced Metal Artifact Reduction MRI for Periprosthetic Shoulder Infection
Authors: Fritz Jan , Meshram Prashant , Stern Steven E. , Fritz Benjamin , Srikumaran Uma , McFarland Edward G. 
Published: June 2022

Background:The diagnosis of periprosthetic shoulder infection (PSI) in patients with a painful arthroplasty is challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be helpful, but shoulder implant-induced metal artifacts degrade conventional MRI. Advanced metal artifact reduction (MARS) improves the visibility of periprosthetic bone and soft tissues. The purpose of our study was to determine the reliability, repeatability, and diagnostic performance of advanced MARS-MRI findings for diagnosing PSI.Methods:Between January 2015 and December 2019, we enrolled consecutive patients suspected of having PSI at our academic hospital. All 89 participants had at least 1-year clinical follow-up and underwent standardized clinical, radiographic, and laboratory evaluations and advanced MARS-MRI. Two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively evaluated the advanced MARS-MRI studies for findings associated with PSI in a blinded and independent fashion. Both readers repeated their evaluations after a 2-month interval. Interreader reliability and intrareader repeatability were assessed with κ coefficients. The diagnostic performance of advanced MARS-MRI for PSI was quantified using sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). When applying the International Consensus Meeting (ICM) 2018 criteria, of the 89 participants, 22 (25%) were deemed as being infected and 67 (75%) were classified as being not infected (unlikely to have PSA and not requiring a surgical procedure during 1-year follow-up).Results:The interreader reliability and intrareader repeatability of advanced MARS-MRI findings, including lymphadenopathy, joint effusion, synovitis, extra-articular fluid collection, a sinus tract, rotator cuff muscle edema, and periprosthetic bone resorption, were good (κ = 0.61 to 0.80) to excellent (κ > 0.80). Lymphadenopathy, complex joint effusion, and edematous synovitis had sensitivities of >85%, specificities of >90%, odds ratios of >3.6, and AUC values of >0.90 for diagnosing PSI. The presence of all 3 findings together yielded a PSI probability of >99%, per logistic regression analysis.Conclusions:Our study shows the clinical utility of advanced MARS-MRI for diagnosing PSI when using the ICM 2018 criteria as the reference standard. Although the reliability and diagnostic accuracy were high, these conclusions are based on our specific advanced MARS-MRI protocol interpreted by experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. Investigations with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.Level of Evidence:DiagnosticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Open Tibial Fracture Treatment in Argentina
Authors: Garabano Germán , MacKechnie Madeline C. , Pereira Sebastian , Brown Kelsey , Flores Michael J. , Pesciallo Cesar A. , Miclau Theodore , Bidolegui Fernando ,   and the Study Group
Published: June 2022

Background:
The purposes of the present study were (1) to characterize open tibial fractures and their treatment in trauma centers located across different regions of Argentina and (2) to evaluate the rates of and indications for reoperation after the surgical treatment of such fractures.

Methods:
This retrospective multicenter study evaluated open tibial fractures in Argentina that were operatively treated by experienced orthopaedic trauma surgeon-members of the Argentine Association of Orthopedic Trauma (AATO) between January 2015 and June 2020. Data were collected from 13 hospital databases; 8 hospitals were designated as “interior,” and 5 hospitals were designated as “exterior.” The study included 701 skeletally mature patients, all of whom had a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. Information was collected on patient demographics, injury pattern and mechanism, fracture classification, treatment modality, reoperation rates, time between definitive fixation and reoperation, and indications for reoperation.

Results:
Seventy-six percent of presenting injuries were the result of a high-energy mechanism. Intramedullary nailing represented the most common type of fixation (88%). One hundred and fifty patients (21%) required reoperation. Delayed union/nonunion was the most common indication for reoperation in patients who had been previously treated with intramedullary nail fixation (31%; 39 of 126), and infection was the most common indication for reoperation in patients who had been treated with plate fixation (43%; 3 of 7). The time between the injury and definitive fixation was significantly different between the interior and exterior trauma centers (13.8 versus 4.7 days; p < 0.001), as was the time between definitive fixation and reoperation (69.3 versus 25.2 days; p = 0.004). The reoperation rates for the interior and exterior trauma centers were similar (20% versus 24%; p = 0.2). Infection, delayed union/nonunion, and implant removal were the most common indications for reoperation across groups.

Conclusions:
An improved understanding of the factors that influence treatment may help to guide future areas for improvement, establish educational goals, and create additional nationwide guidelines for open tibial fracture treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
GC-MS based metabolomics and lipidiomics analyses of selected freshwater green macroalgae
Authors: Shah Zahir , BADSHAH SYED , Iqbal Arshad , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Jaremko Mariusz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Macroalgae are a versatile source of biological molecules. The freshwater macroalgae can be used in a number of ways. They are a useful flora of fresh water bodies. They are cost effective remedy for the mitigation of excess phosphorus, nitrogen and other harmful chemicals in industrial wastewater. Here, the methanolic extracts of three freshwater macroalgae were further fractioned based on polarity of organic solvents and they were analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Results
The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics and lipidomics identification of various fractions showed the presence of different important compounds. These includes long chain fatty acids, tepenes, ketones, alkaloids, hydrocarbons and benzene containing compounds. Several of these compounds have important medicinal and nutraceutical properties.
Conclusions
A number of useful fatty acids and other hydrocarbons were reported from these macroalgae. These lipids and hydrocarbons can be used in the production of biodiesel. This study provide a complete profiling of the various secondary metabolites present in the freshwater macroalgae Chara vulgaris; Cladophora glomerata and Spirogyra crassa.
Evolutionary Random Graph for Bitcoin Overlay and Blockchain Mining Networks
Authors: Abdo Jacques Bou , Dass Shuvalaxmi , Qolomany Basheer , Hossain Liaquat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The world economy is experiencing the novel adoption of distributed currencies that are free from the control of central banks. Distributed currencies suffer from extreme volatility, and this can lead to catastrophic implications during future economic crisis. Understanding the dynamics of this new type of currencies is vital for empowering supervisory bodies from current reactive and manual incident responders to more proactive and well-informed planners. Bitcoin, the first and dominant distributed cryptocurrency, is still notoriously vague, especially for a financial instrument with market value exceeding $1 trillion. Modeling of bitcoin overlay network poses a number of important theoretical and methodological challenges. Current measuring approaches, for example, fail to identify the real network size of bitcoin miners. This drastically undermines the ability to predict forks, the suitable mining difficulty and most importantly the resilience of the network supporting bitcoin. In this work, we developed Evolutionary Random Graph, a theoretical model that describes the network of bitcoin miners. The correctness of this model has been validated using simulated and measure bitcoin data. We then predicted forking, optimal mining difficulty, network size and consequently the network’s inability to stand a drastic drop in bitcoin price using the current mining configuration.
Morphological features of bronchiectasis in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis and interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Tabe Chiori , Dobashi Masaki , Ishioka Yoshiko , Itoga Masamichi , Tanaka Hisashi , Taima Kageaki , Tasaka Sadatomo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
To compare the morphological features of bronchiectasis between patients with different underlying diseases, we performed quantitative analysis of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of 14 patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) and 13 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A 3D image of the bronchial structure was made from HRCT data. Bronchiectasis was defined as abnormal dilatation of the bronchi with the diameter greater than that of the accompanying pulmonary artery. We measured the inner and outer diameters, wall area as %total airway cross sectional area (WA%), and wall thickness to airway diameter ratio (T/D) of the 4-8th generations of bronchi.
Results
In patients with IPF, the inner and outer diameters linearly decreased toward the distal bronchi. In contrast, the inner and outer diameters of NTM fluctuated. The coefficient of variation of the outer diameters of the 6-7th generations of bronchi was larger in the NTM patients than in those with IPF, whereas no significant difference was observed in the coefficient of variation of the inner diameters between the groups. In IPF patients, WA% and T/D varied between the generation of bronchi, but the coefficient of variation of WA% and T/D was relatively small in those with NTM.
RBM47 is a critical regulator of mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation
Authors: Shivalingappa Pavan Kumar Mysuru , Singh Divya Kumari , Sharma Vaishali , Arora Vivek , Shiras Anjali , Bapat Sharmila 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are pivotal for regulating gene expression as they are involved in each step of RNA metabolism. Several RBPs are essential for viable growth and development in mammals. RNA-binding motif 47 (RBM47) is an RRM-containing RBP whose role in mammalian embryonic development is poorly understood yet deemed to be essential since its loss in mouse embryos leads to perinatal lethality. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the significance of RBM47 in cell-fate decisions of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Downregulation of Rbm47 did not affect mESC maintenance and the cell cycle but perturbed the expression of primitive endoderm (PrE) markers and increased GATA4 + PrE-like cells. However, the PrE misregulation could be reversed by either overexpressing Rbm47 or treating the knockdown mESCs with the inhibitors of FGFR or MEK, suggesting an implication of RBM47 in regulating FGF-ERK signaling. Rbm47 knockdown affected the multi-lineage differentiation potential of mESCs as it regressed teratoma in NSG mice and led to a skewed expression of differentiation markers in serum-induced monolayer differentiation. Further, lineage-specific differentiation revealed that Rbm47 is essential for proper differentiation of mESCs towards neuroectodermal and endodermal fate. Taken together, we assign a hitherto unknown role(s) to RBM47 in a subtle regulation of mESC differentiation.
Field emission in an array of homogeneous identical nanometer-long nanotubes
Authors: Sadykov Nail R. , Khrabrov Rodion S. , Pilipenko Irina A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider the problem of field emission based on carbon nanotubes. The length of these nanotubes differ from several nanometers to several hundreds of nanometers. We obtain the particle transmission function, considering the difference of potentials on the ends of nanotubes to be U = 2 ÷ 3.5 V. Basing on the transmission function we calculate emission current. We establish the dependence of the Nordheim function on the length of nanoparticles. The limiting transition is considered for the transmission coefficient for field emission from the cathode surface in the absence of nanoparticles on it. We establish the linear dependence of current I on the field strength W and the linear dependence of function I/W2 on the inverse value of field strength 1/ W .
Environmental contamination status with common ingredients of household and personal care products
Authors: Klančič Veronika , Gobec Martina , Jakopin Žiga 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The continuous use of household and personal care products (HPCPs) produces an immense amount of chemicals, such as parabens, bisphenols, UV filters, and alkylphenol ethoxylates, which are of great concern due to their well-known endocrine-disrupting properties. These chemicals easily enter the environment through man-made activities, thus contaminating the biota, including soil, water, plants and animals. Thus, on top of the direct exposure on account of their presence in HPCPs, humans are also susceptible to secondary indirect exposure attributed to the ubiquitous environmental contamination. The aim of this review is therefore to examine the sources and occurrence of these noteworthy contaminants (i.e., parabens, bisphenols, UV filters, alkylphenol ethoxylates), to summarize the available research on their environmental presence and to highlight the potential exposure pathways.
Effect of percutaneous and arthroscopically assisted osteosynthesis of talar body fractures
Authors: Hu Yong , Li Zhengxun , Wang Yang , Zhang Ning , Xu Wenpeng , Li Xiucun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Talar fractures are relatively rare. The complex anatomy of the talus makes it difficult to visualize, reduce and fix without performing an arthrotomy or osteotomy. Currently, few studies focused on complications of the percutaneous and arthroscopically assisted talar osteosynthesis technique. This clinical retrospective study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the percutaneous and arthroscopically assisted talar osteosynthesis based on the complications and functional outcomes.Methods: The percutaneous and arthroscopically assisted talar osteosynthesis was performed in 15 patients with 16 fractures (one bilateral). The mean patients age was 31 years (range, 14 to 52 years). There were 10 males and 5 females. Sneppen classification for talar body fractures was type II in 14 cases and type III in 2 cases. Results: Fifteen patients with 16 fractures were followed up, and the average follow-up period was 36 months (range, 24 to 65 months). No skin infections, osteomyelitis, skin necrosis in all patients were observed. During the follow-up, bony nonunion and/or delayed union were not found. At the final follow-up, two out of 15 patients (13.3%) occurred the peri-talar osteoarthritis. The ankle-hindfoot pain was absent in 11 patients (12 ankles), mild in 4 patients. Based on the AOFAS ankle–hindfoot scale, functional results were excellent in 7 ankles, good in 9 ankles. The mean AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Score of all patients was 85.7 points (range, 79 to 93 points). Conclusions: The percutaneous and arthroscopically assisted talar osteosynthesis technique is a reliable and feasible, and gives good clinical outcomes. Level of Evidence: IV
Clinical Relevance of Sequencing Faecal Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis Patients, Consanguineous and Non-Consanguineous Relatives
Authors: Fukuda Katsuyuki , Takahashi Shunsuke , Okutome Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The gut bacteria are known to indicate the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a methods of molecular biology for identification of bacteria in faecal samples. We aimed to establish a biomarker showing disease activity of ulcerative colitis (UC) based on faecal bacteria.
Methods
Eighty-two patients, 25 had active UC with symptoms (group I) and 57 had asymptomatic UC; 29 with mild inflammation (group II), and 28 with no inflammation (group III). Sixty-one healthy relatives as controls were consanguine (group IV, n = 33), and non-consanguine (group V, n = 28). We compared the bacteria in stool samples from groups I to V. The Discriminant Score (Ds) for each subject were calculated. Then the quantity and diversity of each bacterial variant were calculated based on it.
Results
On Species level, the Ds tended to increase as follows: Group I < group II < group III < group IV < group V. There was significant difference for group I vs group II, group III, group IV, and group V (P < 0.01); group V vs group I, vs group II, group III (P < 0.01). These indicate a close relationship between intestinal microbiota and the activity of UC. Likewise, next Discriminant analysis on 10 Genera, the Ds showed the similar tendency.
Conclusions
As far as we know, this attempt is the first study using NGS and Ds to analyze intestinal microbiota in UC patients, consanguine and non-consanguine relatives. Likewise, this is the first report on so many bacterial variants being related to active UC. Ds may be a clinical biomarker associated with disease activity in UC. Trial No: UMIN000017103 (11/04/2015).
Integrated assessment of volatile organic compounds from industrial biomass boilers in China: emission characteristics, influencing factors and ozone formation potential
Authors: Shi Ruidan , Yuan Zibing , yang leifeng , Huang Daojian , Ma Hui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Industrial biomass boilers (IBBs) are widely promoted in China as a type of clean energy. However, they emit large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the emission characteristics and the underlying factors are largely unknown due to the sampling difficulties. In this study, three wood pellet-fueled and two wood residue-fueled IBBs were selected to investigate the characteristics of VOCs emissions and to discover their underlying impacting factors. The emission factor of VOCs varied from 21.6 ± 2.8 mg/kg to 286.2 ± 10.8 mg/kg for the IBBs. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were the largest group, contributing to 30.3%-73.6% of the VOCs emissions. Significant differences were revealed in the VOCs source profiles between wood pellet-fueled and wood residue-fueled IBBs. Operating load, excess air, furnace temperature and fuel type were identified as the primary factors influencing VOCs emissions. The excess air coefficient should be limited below 3.5, roughly corresponding to the operating load of 62% and furnace temperature of 630 °C, to effectively reduce VOCs emissions. VOCs emissions also showed great differences in different combustion phases, with the ignition phase having much greater VOCs emissions than the stable combustion and the ember phases. The ozone formation potential (OFP) ranged from 4.3 mg/m3 to 31.2 mg/m3 for the IBBs, and the wood residue-fueled IBBs yielded higher OFP than the wood pellet-fueled ones. This study underscored the importance of OVOCs in IBB emissions, and reducing OVOCs emissions should be prioritized in formulating control measures to mitigate their impacts on the atmospheric environment and human health.
Could faecal viral excretion explain gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients: co- infection involvement?
Authors: Rezzoug Inès , Visseaux Benoit , Bertine Mélanie , Parisey Marion , Burdet Charles , Bonnal Christine , Ruppe Etienne , Descamps Diane , Timsit Jean Francois , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Armand-Lefevre Laurence , Houze Sandrine , Argy Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Physiopathological mechanisms responsible for digestive symptoms during COVID-19 are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of faecal viral shedding on digestive symptoms and propose differential diagnoses to better understand the gastrointestinal clinical spectrum during acute COVID-19.Methods: Patients were included if one stool sample was available for microbiological investigation. Microbiological analysis consisted of syndromic PCR screening, and parasitological investigation included microsporidia and multiplex protozoa PCR. SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed by viral detection (on respiratory samples and frozen stool samples) and by serology when necessary. Collected epidemiological, clinical, radiological, biological data and clinical course were compared according to COVID-19 status, faecal SARS-CoV-2 shedding and co-infection status.Results: 50 COVID+ and 67 COVID- patients were included. Faecal viral shedding was detected in 50% of stool samples and was associated with higher viral load in the upper respiratory tract. There was no difference in the proportion of detected enteric pathogens between COVID-19 status. No impact was observed on clinical course regardless of COVID-19 status, faecal SARS-CoV-2 shedding and coinfection status.Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 shedding and enteric pathogen involvement in gastrointestinal presentation is still unclear. However, differential diagnostic investigation revealed frequently occurring common enteric pathogens in COVID-19 patients.
Strengthened relationship between sea ice in East Siberian Sea and midsummer rainfall in Northeast China
Authors: Han Tingting , Tang Guowa , Zhou Botao , Hao Xin , Li Shangfeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Arctic sea ice displays the high rates of decay during summer-autumn. Previous studies have revealed the impact of autumn Arctic sea ice on local and remote atmospheric circulation. Few attentions have been paid on the relationship between summer Arctic sea ice and climate variation at Eurasia. This study identifies a strengthened relationship between midsummer rainfall at Northeast China (NEC) and simultaneous sea ice area (SIA) in East Siberian Sea after the 1990s. The NEC’s rainfall shows a significant positive correlation with the SIA during 1994 − 2016, whereas the relationship is insignificant during 1961 − 1983. The strengthening of the relationship is attributed to the western elongation of background circulation at the North Pacific and the increased interannual variability of the SIA after the 1990s. The former facilitates the western extension of the SIAI-associated circulation over the Central North Pacific. The latter induces larger amplitudes of sea ice and surface heat fluxes in situ, and then it leads to stronger meridional temperature gradient anomalies and intensified interaction between synoptic-scale eddies and mean flow over the North Pacific. These conditions jointly contribute to stronger and western elongation of circulation over the Central North Pacific during 1994 − 2016. Accordingly, the SIA has an intimate connection with NEC’s rainfall though the modulation of moisture transport and vertical movement.
Preparation of efficient heavy metal adsorbent based on walnut shell and adsorption for Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution
Authors: liu guangtian , Zhang Liang , Luo Rensheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An efficient heavy metal absorbent, amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer modified walnut shell (FWNS) was prepared. The adsorption behavior for Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was also discussed. The FWNS was prepared using an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (ATHBP) as modifying agent and glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) as the grafting bridge. The FWNS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The adsorption capacity of FWNS for Pb(II) was investigated at different adsorbent dosages (0.01–0.1g/L) and pH’s (2–6). The result indicated that the absorbent had good adsorption capacity over a wide pH range (2-6). The maximum Pb(II) ions adsorption capacity (Qm) obtained by a Langmuir fitting model was 1250.00mg/g at 293K. The adsorption kinetics fitted the pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorption of FWNS for Pb(II) ions was an endothermic reaction and spontaneous process. Furthermore, the result shows FWNS has excellent regeneration.