bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Shear Strength Parameters of Soil Mixed with Glass Fiber
Authors: Abd-elmagied Mohamad Farouk 
Published: February 2022

Determining the shear strength properties of the soil is a vital step in investigation its stress-strain behavior. Moreover, suction plays a vital role in the shear strength of the unsaturated soil. This paper investigates the influence of the fiber glass on the shear strength parameters of (c-?) soil with different ratios. To achieve this purpose, the samples of (c- ?) soil from El-Fardos gardens housing compound, Benha city, Egypt, were prepared at their maximum dry densities with corresponding optimum moisture content. Direct shear box test of 60 x 60 mm under a relentless rate of 1 mm/min was employed with the proposed range of ASTM D 3080. Different fiber glass ratios of 0.1, 0.50 and 1.00 % of soil sample weight were used. The results confirmed that the peak shear strength parameters increased with increasing the fiber ratio.
Evaluation of Lightning Protection Efficacy on Nigerian Installations High Voltage Installations Using Screen and Cone of Protection Methods
Authors: Oyeleye M. O. 
Published: February 2022

This study evaluated lightning protective system efficacy on 11kV-132kV substation-power line installation in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria with reference to cloud to ground(C-G) lightning strike (LS) events. It focus on interception of lightning strikes and its protection with reference to direct lightning strike (DLS) and indirect lightning strike (IDLS). Data were collected from Ikorodu 132/33 kV Transmission Substation and its four major injection stations. This work was carried out using physical measurement of raw data obtained from the high voltage substation. Installations were scaled down and modelled dimensionally using AutoCAD software in order to measure spatial parameters in order to measure the screening of the existing substations and connected lines, as well as the existing cone angles of protection. Probability of lightning efficiency of lightning protective level (LPL) are used for screening evaluation while spike and sky wire angle of protection are used for cone of protection evaluation. Physical measurement of six substations (33/11 kV and 132/33 kV substations) in the studied area were also carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the installed lightning arresters with respect to the protected devices using applicable standard. The results under the prevailing lightning protective system, LPS, (screening method), revealed that the existing 33/11 kV and 132/33 kV substations are not adequately protected against lightning strike; 132/33 kV substation is more vulnerable to lightning strike than 33/11kV substation and that the incoming 132kV power lines to the substation are adequately protected. The evaluation of the installed distances of all lightning arresters are within standard range and would adequately protect substation transformers against travelling waves (Indirect Stroke) events. The installed lightning arresters (LAs) would adequately protect substation transformers against travelling waves (Indirect Stroke) events. The adequate protection should be reinforced with proposed design scheme in further study in order to mitigate the disastrous effects of lightning strike. Any proposed design of protective system for electric power installations in Nigeria should be simulated using computer aided design software for scaled validation of dimensional and spatial design values in order to mitigate reported failures and uncertainties in identifying causes of observed failures in the system.
Illumination Evaluation of Lecture Theatre, Case Study of 1000 Seat Lecture Theatre, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Oyeleye M. O. 
Published: February 2022

Light, apart from making it possible for one to view objects clearly, can also be used for the beautification of any given space. Existing 1000 Seat Lecture Theatre auditorium lights lux level (115 lux) is below acceptable of for an auditorium suitable for writing during examination. This paper focus on illumination evaluation of a lecture theatre, case study of 1000 Seat lecture theatre, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. The auditorium is used for lecture and writing examination. Lumen method which is one of the methods for calculation the number of lamp for a space is used to determine the number of lamp needed for the studied area. The architectural design of the auditorium is not available, so, the dimensions of the floor of the studied area were measured with a measuring tape. The measured floor dimensions was used to produce model of the floor in autoCAD software in order to calculate the area of the floor because the auditorium was of irregular shape and different mounting heights. The obtained area is used to calculate the illuminance required for the auditorium using Lumen method, equation. Try and error method was used in selecting E, Mf and Uf to arrive at 115Lux of the studied area. Lumen method, putting into consideration standard maintenance factor (0.8) and utilization factor (0.7) of existing literatures and renowned consultancy firms were used. This paper submitted that the lux level of the 1000 Seat Lecture Theatre (SLT) is below acceptable international standard of 400lux (standard and the industrial practice) for a classroom-auditorium suitable for writing examination. The space is poorly illuminated (33.3% of the required illumination and 20% wattage contribution of the design.) using EDA 18W compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). The existing 2 x 18W CFL installed in the SLT should be replaced with 85W (5500lumen, 5500K, 10000Hrs) CFL because of its benefits. 400 Lux is adequate for Lecture Theatre Auditorium lux level; lighting designer should employ adequate lux level to avoid negative side effects of poor illumination.
Dissolution Kinetics of Ilmenite Ore in A Binary Solution
Authors: Okoye Chukwunonso Chukwuzuloke , Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic , Okey-Onyesolu Chinenye Faith 
Published: February 2022

Leaching of iron from ilmenite ore using a binary solution (HCl-NaNO3) was investigated. The raw ilmenite ore sample was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and X-ray Flourescence (XRF) techniques. The influence of acid concentration, oxidant concentration, particle size, solution temperature, stirring speed and liquid-to-solid ratios on the extent of dissolution was examined. The experimental data obtained at various process parameter conditions were tested in six kinetics models: shrinking core model’s diffusion through liquid film model(DTLF), diffusion through product layer model (DTPL), surface chemical reaction model (SCR)); mixed kinetics model (MKM), Jander (three dimensional) model and Kröger and Ziegler model. The crystalline morphology of the sample was displayed by the SEM micrograph. XRF result revealed the dominance of titanium and iron in ilmenite while XRD confirmed that ilmenite exist mainly as FeTiO2. The results of the leaching studies showed that ilmenite dissolution in the binary solution increases with increasing acid concentration, oxidant concentration, reaction temperature, stirring speed and liquid-to-solid ratio; while it decreases with particle size. The study showed that 94.77% iron was dissolved by 1MHCl-0.6M NaNO3 at 75?m particle size, 75?C reaction temperature, 300rpm stirring speed and 30L/g liquid-to-solid ratio. The kinetics of the leaching process was best described by Kröger and Ziegler model with diffusion through the product layer as rate controlling step. The activation energy, Ea, was calculated to be 6.42kJ/mol. The results indicate that HCl-NaNO3 binary solution can be used as an effective lixiviant for extracting iron from ilmenite ores.
Mapping and Assessment of Healthcare Facilities Using GIS in a Part of Ikorodu Metropolis, Lagos State
Authors: Effiong E. , Iyiola O. F. , Gbiri Isaac Adelakun , Oludiji M. O. , Oyebanji S. T. , Ayodele M. T. 
Published: February 2022

The uneven distribution of health care services in Nigeria had been validated the inequalities in the accessibility and the best of fitness care services rendered to citizens. Basic fitness care offerings continue to be a cardinal responsibility of the authorities for the survival of her citizenry. Mostly in the developing country, the accessibility to these health care centres is poorly understood and underserved by the timing populations. there is a need to apprehend the elements that affect or inhibit health care used and what contributed to the use elements in term of distance from residences to the health care amenities and the thickly populace developed round the facilities. This paper focuses on the acceptable evaluation of spatial distribution of health care facilities and proposed for new health centres in some of catchments location that deserves it primarily based on distance and population figures in Ikorodu Local Community Development Area. It was subdivided into Ibese, Ojubode , Local Govt, Police Post, Ebute , Ogoloto , Tos Benson, Ita Elewa, Sambo , Alagbala and Eyita Area with their two land mass for every the catchment area inside the learn about which covered two Ibese Area, Ojubode Area, Local Govt. Area, Police Post Area, Ebute Area, Ogoloto Area, Tos Benson Area, Ita Elewa, Sambo Area, Alagbala Area and Eyita Area covered 128.585 ha, 59.658 ha, 106.793ha, 99.631ha, 140.803ha, 109.485ha, 131.518 ha, 111.625ha, 155.051 ha, 89.698 ha and 112.907 ha. Based on buffer coverage and population used and it was revealed and proposed new healthcare centres for Ojubode, Local Govt, Ibese, part of Eyita, Sambo,Alagbala and Ogoloto areas maps were produced. The useful geodatabase was created for digital healthcare facility mapping for less difficult replace every time it’s necessary.
Impact of Socio-Demographic factors on survival of under-five children in Nigeria
Authors: Issa Abdulmumeen Adekunle , Yahya Waheed Babatunde , Jolayemi Eyitayo Tejumola 
Published: February 2022

A number of discussions on mortality or survival patterns of under-five children in Nigeria have been presented in the literature over years, most of which were characterized by descriptive analysis, in which facts were reported by percentages, ratio and measures of association to mention a few. In this study, binary logistic regression model was employed to model the survival status (dead or alive) of under-five children in Nigeria as a function of some socio-demographic variables. Results from this study revealed that ten socio-demographic variables among several others were significantly associated with the survivals of under-five children in Nigeria. Specifically, the results showed that children that were born in urban area, that were exclusively breastfed, that were among the first four children in the family, whose mothers have secondary education and post-secondary education have significant increased odds, to about 27%, 580%, 20%, 22% and 102% respectively, of surviving beyond age five than their counterparts in the reference categories of the above identified risk factors (odds ratio is 1.271(p < 0.0001 for urban), 6.810 (p<0.0001 for breastfeeding), 1.197 (p < 0.0001 for birth order), 1.225 (p = 0.001 for secondary education) and 2.023 (p < 0.0001 for higher education)). Results from this work indicated that more enlightenment program is required to stem the alarming increase in under-five mortality rate in Nigeria which currently stood at 112%. Data set from Nigerian Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) report for 2008 was employed in this study.
The Characteristics of Carbonyl Compounds Emissions from Small Marine Diesel Engines Using Biodiesel Based Palm Oil
Authors: Nguyen Van Quy , Le Huu Cuong 
Published: February 2022

The study was conducted to measure and evaluate particulate emissions and carbonyl compounds from KAMA - KDE3500T generator at medium load mode (1.5 kW load). Using commercial diesel fuel 0.05 S and biodiesel palm oil with different mixing ratios are: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 75% and 100% for B0, B10, B20, B30, B50, B75 and B100. Experimental results showed that: dust emission concentration decreased from B0 to B20 and increased from B30 to B100 namely 348.65 mg / m3, 297.27 mg / m3, 168.59 mg / m3, 169.74 mg / m3, 259.98 mg / m3, 330.30 mg / m3, 522.98 mg / m3 respectively for B0, B10, B20, B30, B50, B75, B100. Carbonyl emission concentrations increased from B0 to B30 and abruptly decreased at B50 and gradually increased at B75 and B100 specific figures as follows: 67.99 mg / m3, 87.35 mg / m3, 99.10 mg / m3, 100.96 mg / m3, 65.79 mg / m3, 102.32 mg / m3, 102.38 mg / m3 respectively for B0, B10, B20, B30, B50, B75 and B100. High concentrations of carbonyl compounds are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone.
Development of a Naturally Flavored Ready to Serve (RTS) Fruit Beverage
Authors: Karunarathne K. N. , Liyanage Rumesh Prasanga , Wickramasinghe Indira 
Published: February 2022

Fruit based beverages are one of the foremost categories of beverages that are consumed globally. Since fruit beverages are easily digestible, health conscious, highly refreshing, thirst quenching, appetizing and nutritionally far superior to most of the synthetic beverages available in the market, consumption of fruit based beverages have been increased dramatically. Natural extracts of tropical fruits such as Carica papaya (papaya), Passiflora edulis (passion fruit), and natural flavor extract of Camellia sinensis (leaves) and Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon barks) were extracted and used as the main ingredients of this product while sugar, Citric acid, pectin were used as the supplementary ingredients. The best fruit pulp ratio and the best natural flavoring agent out of tea and cinnamon was determined through structured sensory evaluations by participating 30 semi trained panelists. Further experiments were also performed to find the optimum amount of pectin to reduce hard packing and to determine the shelf life of the developed beverage and to develop the natural pectin extraction method by using unutilized parts of the Passiflora edulis fruit. Proximate analysis studies and microbiological studies were also carried out. Collected data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis non parametric analysis and sample 293 which is containing 15% total fruit pulp with papaya to passion fruit ratio 2:1 and cinnamon as the flavoring agents was the best product formulae. According to the proximate analysis data, fat, protein, carbohydrates, fiber and the ash content were 0.41%, 0.11%, 13.13%, 0.052%, 3.028% and 83.27% respectively. The total plate count was 12 cfu/ml and yeast and molds were 0 cfu/ml of the product and Physico-chemical studies reveals that, the product can be preserved for 30 days under 4±1 0C condition. The average pectin percentage of Passiflora edulis and Carica papaya were 6.9 % and 4.5 % respectively.
Effect of Calcium Carbonate Filler on Self-Compacting Concrete Using Different Aggregate Sizes
Authors: John Wasiu , Oghenekume Agbawhe Okeoghene , Zahemen Tuleun Lawrence 
Published: February 2022

In this research work, the effect of Calcium Carbonate Filler was studied on the compressive strength and the workability of self-compacting Concrete (SCC) at different grades (M60, M65 and M70) and different coarse aggregate sizes (6.3mm, 10mm and 20mm). Calcium Carbonate Filler (Limestone powder) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) were added in percentages of 2.5% and 5% to check its effect on the workability and strength properties of SCC and Normally Vibrated Concrete. Experimental investigations were carried out on SCC and normally vibrated concrete (NVC) samples of grade M60, M65 and M70 using different aggregate sizes of 6.3mm, 10mm and 20mm. The workability test results obtained showed values within specification. The compressive and Tensile strengths for SCC (with powder and 2.5% RHA) are higher than that with powder and 5% RHA and NVC. Generally, the use of Calcium Carbonate Filler improved the strength and densities for SCC design mix and decreased its workability. It is concluded that the use of SCC with designed Fillers ratio and RHA (?5%) will improve the strength properties of SCC.
Hardware co-simulation of 1024-point FFT and it's Implementation, in Simulink, Xilinx Vivado IDE on Zynq-7000 FPGA
Authors: Shashidhara K. S. , Srinivasaiah H. C. 
Published: February 2022

In this paper a 1024-point FFT Algorithm is implemented on Zynq-7000 FPGA device. The design implementation uses Hardware co-simulation in Simulink and Xilinx Vivado environments with Zynq-7000 FPGA target evaluation board using JTAG setup. The power parameter for the configured FFT IP core for 1024 point and the signal source DDS block are estimated. The DDS with both sine and cosine signal outputs enabled, consume a power of 0.277 W, whereas, the 1024 point FFT core consume a power of 0.044 W. Further when 2 DDSs were instanced to generate orthogonal sine and cosine sources for OFDM signals of same frequency 1MHz each, a total of 0.277W power is consumed. When a single DDS core is configured for both sine or cosine signal only configuration by instancing a 1024-point FFT core the total power consumed is 0.268W and 0.267W, respectively, a 1mW higher to cosine case. Further, when 1024 point FFT core power alone is calculated it is found to be 0.044W (or 44mW). When a single DDS is instanced for OFDM signal generation by opting both the sine cosine signals, it consumed a total power of 0.233 W saving a power of 0.044W or 44mW by sine or cosine data re-use from the LUT ROM of DDS. Thus saving a power of 44mW by using data re-use through LUT’s of DDS. This is a significant power saving. In this, hardware co-simulation process, Xilinx system generator tool (Sysgen) is used. This implementation is coded using Verilog HDL, verified on Xilinx Vivado platform on the Zynq-7000 FPGA device. Note that Zynq-7000 is supporting hardware co-simulation, hence the 1024-point FFT has been implemented on this device. The simulation results are captured on Xilinx signal viewer for a proper conclusion.
Data-Driven Hint Generation in Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Learning Microeconomics
Authors: Hieu Bui Trong , Uyen Bui Thi Kim 
Published: February 2022

Scientific inquiry skills is used in all educational areas. In the context of microeconomics, it is widely known that the development of scientific inquiry skills is central to the construction of ideas that enable understanding. Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) have been shown to be effective in supporting students' domain-level learning through guided problem solving practice. ITSs provide personalized feedback (in the form of hints) to students and improve learning at effect sizes approaching that of human tutors. However, creating an ITS to adapt to individual students requires the involvement of experts to provide knowledge about both the academic domain and novice student behavior in that domain’s curriculum. Creating an ITS requires time, resources, and multidisciplinary skills. Because of the large possible range of problem solving behavior for any individual topic, the amount of expert involvement required to create an effective, adaptable tutoring system can be high, especially in open-ended problem solving domains. Data-driven ITSs have shown much promise in increasing effectiveness by analyzing past data in order to quickly generate hints to individual students. However, the fundamental long term goal was to develop “better, faster, and cheaper” ITSs. The main goal of this paper is to: 1) presents ITSs used in the microeconomics education; and 2) introduce data-driven ITSs for microeconomics education.
Implementation of 1024-point FFT Soft-Core to Characterize Power and Resource Parameters in Artix-7, Kintex-7, Virtex-7, and Zynq-7000 FPGAs
Authors: Shashidhara K. S. , Srinivasaiah H. C. 
Published: February 2022

This Paper presents implementation of 1024-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The MatLab simulink environment approach is used to implement the complex 1024-point FFT. The FFT is implemented on different FPGAs such as the following four: Artix-7, Kintex-7, Virtex-7, and Zynq-7000. The comparative study on power and resource consumption has been carried out as design parameters of prime concern. The results show that Artix-7 FPGA consumes less power of 3.402W when compared with its contemporary devices, mentioned above. The resource consumption remains same across all the devices. The resource estimation on each FPGA is carried on and its results are presented for 1024-point FFT function implementation. This Comprehensive analysis provides a deep insight with respect to power and resources. The synthesis and implementation results such as RTL Schematic, I/O Planning, and Floor Planning are generated and analyzed for all the above devices.
Fuse-Fuse Protection Scheme ETAP Model for IEEE 13 Node Radial Test Distribution Feeder
Authors: Kirui Kemei Peter , Murage David K. , Kihato Peter K. 
Published: February 2022

According to NEC 240.101 regulations each and every component of a power system distribution network has to have an over-current protective device (OCPD) for its protection. The OCPDs must coordinate with other devices both upstream and downstream for a reliable operation and protection of the power systems distribution network. There are four equipment/components for the IEEE 13 node radial test feeder each modelled in this paper to be protected by fuses. These components are namely the nodes, the underground cables, the overhead distribution lines and the transformers. Equipment protection is an important and necessary exercise of performing power systems protection coordination processes. The equipment and their over-current protective device’s time-current characteristic (TCC) curves are important tools used to show and to indicate the protection requirements, landmark points and damage curves for all power systems equipment. Individual equipment protection requirements and limitations are described and identified by use of their various landmarks and damage curves. These damage curves and the landmark points are all superimposed with the Time-Current Characteristic curves of the Over-Current Protective Devices used in protecting the equipment on one composite TCC graph. Equipment damage curves which fall to the right and above the Over-Current Protective Device’s TCC curves with sufficient margins are considered to be protected by the OCPDs. Equipment damage curves which fall to the left and below the OCPD’s TCC curves are considered not to be protected by the OCPDs. IEEE Standard 241 states that on all power systems, the OCPDs should be selected and set to open before the Ampacity mark, the short circuit damage curves, and both the thermal and the mechanical damage curves limits of the protected components are exceeded. This paper presents a detailed Fuse-Fuse protection scheme for the IEEE 13 node radial test feeder as modeled on the Electrical Transients Analysis Program (ETAP).