bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A time‐varying process monitoring approach based on iterative‐updated semi‐supervised nonnegative matrix factorizations
Authors: Zhai Lirong , Yang Hui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a new time‐varying process monitoring approach based on iterative‐updated semi‐supervised nonnegative matrix factorizations (ISNMFs). ISNMFs are a type of semi‐supervised model that constructs a semi‐nonnegative matrix factorization (SNMF) model of a process using both labelled and unlabelled samples. Compared with the existing nonnegative matrix factorizations (NMFs) where NMFs are referred to as matrix factorization algorithms that factorize a nonnegative matrix into two low‐rank nonnegative matrices whose product can well approximate the original nonnegative matrix, ISNMFs have advantages in terms of the model update and the use of labelled samples. The ISNMFs‐based process monitoring approach concerns fault detection and isolation and updates an SNMF model iteratively using the latest samples to capture the change of statistical property of time‐varying processes. Moreover, the proposed fault detection and isolation approach is supported by the k‐means algorithm in theory. At last, we demonstrate the superiority of ISNMFs over the existing NMFs in terms of fault detection and isolation through a case study on the penicillin fermentation process.
Research on the viscosity‐increasing mechanism and performance analysis of modified polysaccharide natural polymer fracturing fluid gel
Authors: Zhou Chengyu , Sun Yuan , Zhou Min , Chen Wenke , Zeng Linghao , Li Yifan , Li Benhui , Fan Yuzhu , Bao Dan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a guar gum‐based hydraulic fracturing fluid suitable for low permeability oil and gas reservoirs was prepared using alkylamine guar gum (J580) as a thickening agent. The viscosification mechanism and comprehensive properties were analyzed to provide theoretical support for improving the fracturing fluid utilization rate and oil and gas field development in Changqing Oilfield. In this experiment, the properties and microstructure of thickener J580 were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The rheometer, dynamic filtration device, and acid erosion fracture conductive ability device were used to study the temperature and shear resistance performance, viscoelastic properties, dynamic filtration performance, and fracture conductive ability damage of the system. the gel breaking performance, formation water compatibility, and anti‐swelling performance of the system were measured according to the standard. The results show that J580 is an amine modified product of guar gum, and its viscosity increasing mechanism is similar to that of guar gum. The breaking time of the system is 375 s, the residue content is 413 mg/L, and the surface tension is 26.49 mN/m. At 90°C, the viscosity of the solution can be maintained at 180 mPa · s, loss modulus G" dominates, the anti‐swelling rate is 82.5%, the damage rate of the conductive ability is 22.40%, and the dynamic filtration coefficient is 1.3 × 10−5 m/s1/2. The fracturing fluid system has good dynamic filtration performance, conductive ability, temperature and shear resistance, good structural strength, can easily break glue and return, and less residue content.
A Multifunctional Fluorescence Europium‐Organic Framework for Turn‐On Sensing of pH and Turn‐Off Sensing of 2‐Thiazolidinethione‐4‐carboxylic Acid and Aztreonam
Authors: Tan Zhenqi , Quan Yue , Li Yufen , Yang Tao , Zhou Xinhui , You Yujian 
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive SummaryA luminescent lanthanide‐organic framework [Eu2(adip)(H2adip)(DMF)2]·CH3OH (1) was synthesized by a solvothermal method using anthracene‐based ligand 5,5’‐(anthracene‐9,10‐diyl)diisophthalic acid (H4adip). 1 possesses a 3D coordination framework, which could be rationalized as a 4,8‐connected 2‐nodal (416612)(4462) topological network. 1 shows an excellent linear increase in fluorescence intensity as the pH value rises from 4.8 to 7.1. Particularly, the fluorescence enhancement percentage reaches 588% for each increase of pH value, which is the highest value recorded for fluorescence pH sensing materials, promoting the sensitivity of pH detection within the physiological pH range. In addition, 1 can also specifically recognize carbon disulfide biomarkers 2‐thiothiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (TTCA) and antibiotic aztreonam (ATM) by fluorescence quenching, with the KSV values of 1.02 × 105 L·mol–1 (0—10 μmol·L–1) and 4.67 × 105 L·mol–1 (0—50 μmol·L–1), the limit of detection (LOD) of 86 nmol·L–1 and 19 nmol·L–1, respectively. Among only a few cases reported, the detection sensitivities of 1 for both TTCA and ATM are the highest. The sensing mechanisms of pH, TTCA, and ATM are also discussed in detail.
Early detection and classification of liver diseases in ultrasound images using hybrid machine learning techniques
Authors: Adaguru Yogegowda Prasad , Metan Jyoti , Ananda Kumar Kurilinga Sannalingappa , Prasad Kumbenahalli Hanumanthegowda Shiva 
Published: October 2022

SummaryLiver disease is a form of sickness that starts in the ovaries and is particularly dangerous for women. As a result, aberrant cells develop that have the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Liver disease is a sort of risky improvement that impacts ovaries in ladies, and is hard to perceive at early phase because of which it stays as one of the guideline wellsprings of illness end. Unquestionable confirmation of intrinsic and typical parts is immense in making novel frameworks to perceive and ruin danger. Here, using hybrid machine learning approaches, we propose an early detection and classification of liver disease (EDCLD) in ultrasound images. This study is aimed at detecting and evaluating liver disease, which may be benign or malignant depending on the cancer type. To begin with, we use an improved ant swarm optimization algorithm for both high and low level feature extraction models. For liver disease classification, we used hybrid swallow swarm intelligent‐deep neural network (HSSI‐DNN) classifier to identify the disease stage. By using training and testing liver datasets, we are improving the accuracy of liver disease detection with several stages. Second, we present a search optimization for whales algorithm for cascaded and segmentation as a single fusion feature capable of representing both the texture patterns and semantic background distributed in the image. Third, the dividend yields are commitment to the HSSI‐DNN classifier used to detect the “Normal” and “Diseases” from input image. The proposed HSSI‐DNN classifier performance outperformed the existing classifier in terms of accuracy (0.98), specificity (0.98), and sensitivity (1). The proposed EDCLD technique implemented in MATLAB.
Comparative phylogeography of two commensal rat species (Rattus tanezumi and Rattus norvegicus) in China: Insights from mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite, and 2b‐RAD data
Authors: Jing Meidong , Chen Yingjie , Yao Keying , Wang Youming , Huang Ling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi are dominant species of Chinese house rats, but the colonization and demographic history of two species in China have not been thoroughly explored. Phylogenetic analyses with mitochondrial DNA including 486 individuals from 31 localities revealed that R. norvegicus is widely distributed in China, R. tanezumi is mainly distributed in southern China with currently invading northward; northeast China was the natal region of R. norvegicus, while the spread of R. tanezumi in China most likely started from the southeast coast. A total of 123 individuals from 18 localities were subjected to 2b‐RAD analyses. In neighbor‐joining tree, individuals of R. tanezumi grouped into geographic‐specific branches, and populations from southeast coast were ancestral groups, which confirmed the colonization route from southeast coast to central and western China. However, individuals of R. norvegicus were generally grouped into two clusters instead of geographic‐specific branches. One cluster comprised inland populations, and another cluster included both southeast coast and inland populations, which indicated that spread history of R. norvegicus in China was complex; in addition to on‐land colonization, shipping transportation also have played great roles. ADMIXTURE and principal component analyses provided further supports for the colonization history. Demographic analyses revealed that climate changes at ~40,000 to 18,000 years ago and ~4000 years ago had led to population declines of both species; the R. norvegicus declined rapidly while the population of R. tanezumi continuously expanded since ~1500 years ago, indicating the importance of interspecies' competition in their population size changes. Our study provided a valuable framework for further investigation on phylogeography of two species in China.
Accounting for predator species identity reveals variable relationships between nest predation rate and habitat in a temperate forest songbird
Authors: Maag Nino , Mallord John W. , Burgess Malcolm D. , Lüpold Shannon , Cristinacce Andrew , Arlettaz Raphaël , Carlotti Sandro , Davis Tony M. , Grendelmeier Alex , Orsman Christopher J. , Riess Michael , Stelbrink Pablo , Pasinelli Gilberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNest predation is the primary cause of nest failure in most ground‐nesting bird species. Investigations of relationships between nest predation rate and habitat usually pool different predator species. However, such relationships likely depend on the specific predator involved, partly because habitat requirements vary among predator species. Pooling may therefore impair our ability to identify conservation‐relevant relationships between nest predation rate and habitat. We investigated predator‐specific nest predation rates in the forest‐dependent, ground‐nesting wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix in relation to forest area and forest edge complexity at two spatial scales and to the composition of the adjacent habitat matrix. We used camera traps at 559 nests to identify nest predators in five study regions across Europe. When analyzing predation data pooled across predator species, nest predation rate was positively related to forest area at the local scale (1000 m around nest), and higher where proportion of grassland in the adjacent habitat matrix was high but arable land low. Analyses by each predator species revealed variable relationships between nest predation rates and habitat. At the local scale, nest predation by most predators was higher where forest area was large. At the landscape scale (10,000 m around nest), nest predation by buzzards Buteo buteo was high where forest area was small. Predation by pine martens Martes martes was high where edge complexity at the landscape scale was high. Predation by badgers Meles meles was high where the matrix had much grassland but little arable land. Our results suggest that relationships between nest predation rates and habitat can depend on the predator species involved and may differ from analyses disregarding predator identity. Predator‐specific nest predation rates, and their relationships to habitat at different spatial scales, should be considered when assessing the impact of habitat change on avian nesting success.
The effects of policy subsidy on the investment decisions of carbon capture and storage—A real‐options approach
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Qing Tianci 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarbon capture and storage (CCS) plays an important role in promoting developing countries to reduce carbon emission and meet the requirement for carbon reduction under carbon neutral and carbon peak targets. To evaluate the incentive effect of subsidization mechanisms on CCS investment, the paper incorporates two incentives into the model, considers the effects of the carbon trading price, electricity price, and other uncertain factors on the investment behaviors for CCS projects under uncertainty and explores incentive intensity of two policies on investment based on the real option method. The results show that even in the case of full operating cost subsidies and double electricity price subsidies, the power plant still delays CCS investment due to the imperfection of carbon market. The most appropriate policies for supporting immediate investment in CCS project are identified in the paper by considering the critical carbon price and electricity price in different scenarios. Additionally, the findings show that it is more efficient for the electricity price subsidy than cost subsidy with same subsidy proportion under single policy condition, while the minimum subsidy amount required to invest immediately is 32.86 million CNY in the combination of the two policies. This provides environmental policymakers with valuable insights on promoting CCS deployment under the context of carbon reduction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maybe We Should Try the Precautionary Principle?
Authors: Cripps Rachel , Steel Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHow do policy‐makers call shots on major decisions—such as putting a country into lockdown to mitigate the risk of Covid‐19—when they don't have all the scientific facts about how the virus spreads? And to which moral values do they appeal when weighing the health and economic risks involved? David B. Resnik addresses such questions in his book Precautionary Reasoning in Environmental and Public Health Policy (Springer, 2021), which provides a fresh perspective on the precautionary principle. The precautionary principle captures the common intuition “better safe than sorry” but is also a contentious facet of precautionary reasoning. Resnik's novel approach to the precautionary principle and detailed discussion of moral values makes this book an excellent read for anyone interested in policy‐making, philosophy, or public health.
Nonclinical safety evaluation of two vaccine candidates for herpes simplex virus type 2 to support combined administration in humans
Authors: Piras Fabienne , Plitnick Lisa M. , Berglund Peter , Bernard Marie‐Clotilde , Desert Paul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) is the most common cause of genital disease worldwide. The development of an effective HSV‐2 vaccine would significantly impact global health based on the psychological distress caused by genital herpes for some individuals, the risk transmitting the infection from mother to infant, and the elevated risk of acquiring HIV‐1. Five nonclinical safety studies were conducted with the replication defective HSV529 vaccine, alone or adjuvanted with GLA‐SE, and the G103 subunit vaccine containing GLA‐SE. A biodistribution study was conducted in guinea pigs to evaluate distribution, persistence, and shedding of HSV529. A preliminary immunogenicity study was conducted in rabbits to demonstrate HSV529‐specific humoral response and its enhancement by GLA‐SE. Three repeated‐dose toxicity studies, one in guinea pigs and two in rabbits, were conducted to assess systemic toxicity and local tolerance of HSV529, alone or adjuvanted with GLA‐SE, or G103 containing GLA‐SE. Data from these studies show that both vaccines are safe and well tolerated and support the ongoing HSV‐2 clinical trial in which the two vaccine candidates will be given either sequentially or concomitantly to explore their potential synergistic and incremental effects.
Potential role of the apelin‐APJ pathway in sex‐related differential cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in mice
Authors: Desai Varsha G. , Azevedo‐Pouly Ana , Vijay Vikrant , Phanavanh Bounleut , Moland Carrie L. , Han Tao , Revollo Javier , Aryal Baikuntha , Rao V. Ashutosh , Fuscoe James C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPreclinical and clinical findings suggest sexual dimorphism in cardiotoxicity induced by a chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX). However, molecular alterations leading to sex‐related differential vulnerability of heart to DOX toxicity are not fully explored. In the present study, RNA sequencing in hearts of B6C3F1 mice indicated more differentially expressed genes in males than females (224 vs. 19; ≥1.5‐fold, False Discovery Rate [FDR] < 0.05) at 1 week after receiving 24 mg/kg total cumulative DOX dose that induced cardiac lesions only in males. Pathway analysis further revealed probable inactivation of cardiac apelin fibroblast signaling pathway (p = 0.00004) only in DOX‐treated male mice that showed ≥1.25‐fold downregulation in the transcript and protein levels of the apelin receptor, APJ. In hearts of DOX‐treated females, the transcript levels of apelin (1.24‐fold) and APJ (1.47‐fold) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared to saline‐treated controls. Sex‐related differential DOX effect was also observed on molecular targets downstream of the apelin‐APJ pathway in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. In cardiac fibroblasts, upregulation of Tgf‐β2, Ctgf, Sphk1, Serpine1, and Timp1 (fibrosis; FDR < 0.05) in DOX‐treated males and upregulation of only Tgf‐β2 and Timp1 (p < 0.05) in females suggested a greater DOX toxicity in hearts of males than females. Additionally, Ryr2 and Serca2 (calcium handling; FDR < 0.05) were downregulated in conjunction with 1.35‐fold upregulation of Casp12 (sarcoplasmic reticulum‐mediated apoptosis; FDR < 0.05) in DOX‐treated male mice. Drug effect on the transcript level of these genes was less severe in female hearts. Collectively, these data suggest a likely role of the apelin‐APJ axis in sex‐related differential DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity in our mouse model.
HIV prevalence among transmasculine individuals at a New York City Community Health Centre: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Radix Asa E. , Larson Elaine L. , Harris Alexander B. , Chiasson Mary Ann 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionMultiple studies have demonstrated elevated incidence and prevalence of HIV among transgender women; however, few studies have been conducted among transmasculine individuals. HIV prevalence among transgender men in the United States is estimated to be 0–4%; however, there have not been any US studies examining HIV prevalence that stratify by the gender of sexual partners. The aim of this research was to examine HIV prevalence and its association with socio‐demographic and other factors, including the gender of sexual partners and receipt of gender‐affirming care (hormones/surgery), among transmasculine individuals at the Callen‐Lorde Community Health Center in New York City.MethodsThe Transgender Data Project was an Institutional Review Board‐approved retrospective chart review of all transgender and gender diverse clients at the clinic, ages 18+, between 1 January 2009 and 12 December 2010. Charts were reviewed manually. Data included birth sex, gender, race/ethnicity, education, employment, housing, insurance status, gender of sexual partners, HIV screening and status, and receipt of gender‐affirming care. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between HIV status and other variables.Results and discussionFive hundred and seventy‐seven transmasculine individuals, mean age 32.1 years (18.3–70.5), were included in this analysis. A small majority were White (55% White, 13.9% Black and 11.7% Hispanic). The majority, 78.9%, had received hormones (testosterone) and 41.6% had received at least one gender‐affirming surgery. The HIV screening rate was 43.4%. HIV prevalence was 2.8%, (95% CI: 1.13%, 5.68%) among those screened, notably higher than the US population prevalence. HIV prevalence was highest among transmasculine individuals who had sex exclusively with cisgender men (11.1%). In the multivariable model (age, education and gender of sexual partners), the adjusted odds ratio of HIV for those who had sex exclusively with cisgender male partners compared to no cisgender male partners was 10.58 (95% CI: 1.33, 84.17).ConclusionsAlthough HIV prevalence has been estimated to be low among transgender men, the analysis found heterogeneous results when stratified by gender of sexual partners. The results underscore the need to understand sexual risk among transmasculine individuals and to disaggregate HIV data for those having sex with cisgender men, thus also allowing for better inclusion in HIV prevention efforts.
Modelling cervical cancer elimination using single‐visit screening and treatment strategies in the context of high HIV prevalence: estimates for KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: Rao Darcy White , Bayer Cara J. , Liu Gui , Chikandiwa Admire , Sharma Monisha , Hathaway Christine L. , Tan Nicholas , Mugo Nelly , Barnabas Ruanne V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn settings with high HIV prevalence, cervical cancer incidence rates are up to six‐fold higher than the global average of 13.1 cases per 100,000 women‐years. To inform strategies for global cervical cancer elimination, we used a dynamic transmission model to evaluate scalable screening and treatment strategies, accounting for HIV‐associated cancer risks and weighing prevention gains against overtreatment.MethodsWe developed a dynamic model of HIV‐HPV co‐infection and disease progression, which we calibrated to KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. Our baseline scenario reflects the current practice of HPV vaccination with a multi‐visit screening and treatment strategy involving cytology and colposcopy triage. We evaluated 13 comparator scenarios with increased vaccination coverage and one‐time, two‐time or repeat HIV‐targeted cervical cancer screening with the following single‐visit strategies: HPV DNA testing, HPV genotyping, automated visual evaluation (AVE) and HPV DNA with AVE triage. In all scenarios, HIV antiretroviral therapy, condom use and voluntary male medical circumcision continue at baseline levels. We simulated cancer incidence under each scenario from 2020 to 2120 using the 25 best‐fitting parameter sets. We present the median and range of model output from these simulations to account for parameter uncertainty.ResultsWe estimate that cervical cancer incidence will decrease by 87% with the continuation of current cervical cancer and HIV prevention strategies, from an age‐standardized rate per 100,000 women of 80.4 (range 58.2, 112.1) in 2020 to 10.7 (4.2, 29.9) in 2120. Scenarios scaling up vaccination and single‐visit strategies resulted in near‐ and long‐term gains. With repeat HIV‐targeted screening, incidence rates were projected to be 29–34% lower in 2030 relative to the baseline scenario, and elimination (incidence <4/100,000) was achieved with HPV DNA testing in 2095 and with AVE in 2114. A strategy of HPV DNA with AVE triage optimized the tradeoff between cancer cases averted and overtreatment.ConclusionsSingle‐visit screening strategies could avert a substantial burden of cervical cancer and accelerate progress towards elimination in settings with a high burden of HIV. Increasing the screening frequency among women with HIV and reducing loss‐to‐follow‐up for treatment will be key components of a successful elimination strategy.