bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of traumatic brain injury in headbutting bovids
Authors: Ackermans Nicole L. , Varghese Merina , Williams Terrie M. , Grimaldi Nicholas , Selmanovic Enna , Alipour Akbar , Balchandani Priti , Reidenberg Joy S. , Hof Patrick R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of neurologic impairment and death that remains poorly understood. Rodent models have yet to produce clinical therapies, and the exploration of larger and more diverse models remains relatively scarce. We investigated the potential for brain injury after headbutting in two combative bovid species by assessing neuromorphology and neuropathology through immunohistochemistry and stereological quantification. Postmortem brains of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus,n = 3) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis,n = 4) were analyzed by high-resolution MRI and processed histologically for evidence of TBI. Exploratory histological protocols investigated potential abnormalities in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in the prefrontal and parietal cortex. Phosphorylated tau protein, a TBI biomarker found in the cerebrospinal fluid and in neurodegenerative lesions, was used to detect possible cellular consequences of chronic or acute TBI. MRI revealed no abnormal neuropathological changes; however, high amounts of tau-immunoreactive neuritic thread clusters, neurites, and neurons were concentrated in the superficial layers of the neocortex, preferentially at the bottom of the sulci in the muskoxen and occasionally around blood vessels. Tau-immunoreactive lesions were rare in the bighorn sheep. Additionally, microglia and astrocytes showed no grouping around tau-immunoreactive cells in either species. Our preliminary findings indicate that muskoxen and possibly other headbutting bovids suffer from chronic or acute brain trauma and that the males’ thicker skulls may protect them to a certain extent.
Alzheimer disease neuropathology in a patient previously treated with aducanumab
Authors: Plowey Edward D. , Bussiere Thierry , Rajagovindan Raj , Sebalusky Jennifer , Hamann Stefan , von Hehn Christian , Castrillo-Viguera Carmen , Sandrock Alfred , Budd Haeberlein Samantha , van Dyck Christopher H. , Huttner Anita 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmyloid beta (Aβ) plaque is a defining pathologic feature of Alzheimer disease (AD). Aducanumab, a monoclonal IgG1 that selectively binds aggregated species of Aβ, has been shown by amyloid positron emission tomography (Amyloid PET) to reduce Aβ plaques in patients with prodromal and mild AD. This is the first autopsy report of the AD neuropathology in a patient previously treated with aducanumab. The patient was an 84-year-old woman who was randomized to the placebo arm of the PRIME Phase 1b study (221AD103). The patient progressed to moderate dementia (MMSE = 14/30), beyond the targeted early AD treatment stage, before receiving aducanumab in the long-term extension (LTE). The patient then received 32 monthly doses of aducanumab, titrated up to 6 mg/kg, for a cumulative dose of 186 mg/kg. In the LTE, Amyloid PET scans demonstrated robust Aβ plaque reduction, from a composite standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) of 1.5 at screening to < 1.1 at 56 weeks post-aducanumab dosing. MRI examinations were negative for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). She passed away in hospice care 4 months after her last dose of aducanumab. The postmortem neuropathologic examination confirmed AD neuropathologic changes. Aβ and IBA1 immunohistochemistry assays demonstrated sparse residual Aβ plaque engaged by amoeboid reactive microglia. Phospho-Tau (pTau) immunohistochemistry demonstrated neocortical neurofibrillary degeneration (Braak stage V, NIA/AA Stage B3). However, the density of pTau neuropathology, including neuritic plaque pTau (NP-Tau), appeared lower in the PRIME LTE Patient compared to a reference cohort of untreated Braak stage V–VI, NIA/AA Stage B3 AD cases. Taken together, this case report is the first to provide Amyloid PET and neuropathologic evidence substantiating the impact of aducanumab to reduce Aβ plaque neuropathology in a patient with AD. Furthermore, this report underscores the critical importance of autopsy neuropathology studies to augment our understanding of aducanumab’s mechanism of action and impact on AD biomarkers.
The interplay between genetic variation and gene expression of the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1 and blood cortisol levels on verbal memory and hippocampal volumes
Authors: Van der Auwera Sandra , Klinger-König Johanna , Wittfeld Katharina , Terock Jan , Hannemann Anke , Bülow Robin , Nauck Matthias , Völker Uwe , Völzke Henry , Grabe Hans Jörgen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis is the main physiological stress response system and regulating the release of cortisol. The two corticoid receptors encoded by the genes NR3C1 and NR3C2 are the main players in regulating the physiological response to cortisol. This biological system has been linked to neurocognitive processes and memory, yet the mechanisms remain largely unclear. In two independent general population studies (SHIP, total sample size > 5500), we aim to diseantangle the effects of genetic variation, gene expression and cortisol on verbal memory and memory associated brain volume. Especially for NR3C1 results exhibited a consistent pattern of direct an interactive effects. All three biological layers, genetic variation (rs56149945), gene expression for NR3C1 and cortisol levels, were directly associated with verbal memory. Interactions between these components showed significant effects on verbal memory as well as hippocampal volume. For NR3C2 such a complex association pattern could not be observed. Our analyses revealed that different components of the stress response system are acting together on different aspects of cognition. Complex phenotypes, such as cognition and memory function are regulated by a complex interplay between different genetic and epigenetic features. We promote the glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 as a main target to focus in the context of verbal memory and provided a mechanistic concept of the interaction between various biological layers spanning NR3C1 function and its effects on memory. Especially the NR3C1 transcript seemed to be a key element in this complex system.
Electrodeposition of Ni nanoparticles from deep eutectic solvent and aqueous solution promoting high stability electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Elsharkawya Safya , Hammad Sherin , El-hallaga Ibrahim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nanostructured Ni films were synthesized from two distinct baths and were assessed as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 M KOH. Herein, Ni was electrodeposited from two separate solvents, the aqueous acetate buffer and ethaline solvent as a kind of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), and both the deposited films were investigated as electrocatalysts for HER and OER. The electrodeposition parameters such as pH and deposition potential were studied. The electrodeposition process was performed using chronoamperometry technique and Ni deposits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fabricated Ni@PGE deposit from ethaline only requires an overpotential of − 154 mV and 350 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively. While, Ni@PGE from acetate requires an overpotential of − 164 mV and 400 mV to produce the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER.
Graphical abstract
A three-dimensional numerical groundwater flow model to assess the feasibility of managed aquifer recharge in the Tamne River basin of Ghana
Authors: Okofo Louis Boansi , Martienssen Marion 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing population growth and global climatic changes threaten water security in semiarid regions such as Northern Ghana. The Tamnean Plutonic Suite aquifer is the main source of water supply for the inhabitants of the Tamne River basin, which is a transboundary subbasin of the White Volta Basin, Ghana. The basin is a flood-prone area where flooding occurs every rainy season, but there is water scarcity during the dry season, mainly due to poor groundwater resources planning. It is expected that the population will increase in the next 10 years, implying a greater water demand. A steady-state and transient groundwater flow model has been developed to understand the hydrogeological conditions and assess the feasibility of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) in the area. A single granitic aquifer formation was delineated from the three-dimensional lithology modelling. The calibrated aquifer recharge through precipitation is very low due to high evapotranspiration and low rainfall. A MAR injection scenario was tested using the available treated floodwater that is registered during the rainy season in the area. The results show the total volume of water injected at the end of the 4-month study period is 11,000 m3/day (approximately 1.3 × 106 m3), which significantly increases aquifer storage and groundwater levels. The volume of water recovered at the end of 8 months (1.4 × 106 m3) is enough for domestic and irrigation purposes during the dry season. In general, MAR is feasible in augmenting the water levels in the area when combined with controllable irrigation and domestic withdrawals.
Seller experimentation and trade
Authors: Wagner Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of trade opportunities on a seller’s incentive to acquire information through experimentation. I characterize the unique equilibrium outcome and discuss the effects of variations in the information structure on the probability of trade. The main result is that more accurate information for the buyer can reduce social welfare. Efficiency requires that the buyer offers a price that the seller always accepts and that the seller experiments when it is socially optimal to do so. When the buyer receives very informative signals about positive experimentation outcomes, the absence of such a signal can induce the buyer to purchase the good only with low but known quality at a low price. If the buyer receives an informative signal about negative experimentation outcomes, the seller might prefer to not experiment so as to avoid the risk of generating a negative outcome that could trigger the buyer to reduce her offer.
Elevated troponin I levels on admission predict long-term mortality in patients with acute cerebral infarction following thrombolysis
Authors: Huang Yuehong , Shao Yanqi , Wang Yiqi , Shi Tianming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background/objective
Cardiac diseases are frequently accompanied by elevated levels of biomarkers, among which, troponin is commonly investigated. The levels of plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI), which has been shown to predict short-term mortality, are elevated in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). However, few studies have assessed the association between cTnI concentration and long-term mortality in patients with ACI following thrombolysis.

Methods
Patients with ACI admitted between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, were registered. Data on demographics and outcomes with elevated cTnI levels were also collected.

Results
A total of 145 patients with ACI were recruited; 97 (66%), 30 (20%), and 18 (12%) patients had cTnI concentrations < 0.030 (group 1), 0.030–0.10 (group 2), and > 0.10 μg/L (group 3), respectively. cTnI elevation was associated with older age, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, renal insufficiency, coronary artery disease, stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score), and prior smoking history at admission. After adjusting for comorbidities and severity at 3 months after ACI, cTnI elevation on admission was significantly associated with ascending 5-year mortality (hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–2.65).

Conclusions
Even after adjusting for several possible confounders, cTnI elevation in patients with ACI treated with rt-PA was associated with a 1.80-fold increased risk of 5-year mortality.
Ultra-high-field MR in Prostate cancer: Feasibility and Potential
Authors: Tenbergen Carlijn J. A. , Metzger Gregory J. , Scheenen Tom W. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMultiparametric MRI of the prostate at clinical magnetic field strengths (1.5/3 Tesla) has emerged as a reliable noninvasive imaging modality for identifying clinically significant cancer, enabling selective sampling of high-risk regions with MRI-targeted biopsies, and enabling minimally invasive focal treatment options. With increased sensitivity and spectral resolution, ultra-high-field (UHF) MRI (≥ 7 Tesla) holds the promise of imaging and spectroscopy of the prostate with unprecedented detail. However, exploiting the advantages of ultra-high magnetic field is challenging due to inhomogeneity of the radiofrequency field and high local specific absorption rates, raising local heating in the body as a safety concern. In this work, we review various coil designs and acquisition strategies to overcome these challenges and demonstrate the potential of UHF MRI in anatomical, functional and metabolic imaging of the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes. When difficulties with power deposition of many refocusing pulses are overcome and the full potential of metabolic spectroscopic imaging is used, UHF MR(S)I may aid in a better understanding of the development and progression of local prostate cancer. Together with large field-of-view and low-flip-angle anatomical 3D imaging, 7 T MRI can be used in its full strength to characterize different tumor stages and help explain the onset and spatial distribution of metastatic spread.
Additive arithmetic functions meet the inclusion–exclusion principle: Asymptotic formulas concerning the GCD and LCM of several integers
Authors: Bordellès Olivier , Tóth László 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe obtain asymptotic formulas for the sums $$ {\sum}_{n_1,\dots, {n}_k\leqslant x} $$

∑

n
1

,
…
,

n
k

⩽
x

f((n1, . . . , nk)) and $$ {\sum}_{n_1,\dots, {n}_k\leqslant x} $$

∑

n
1

,
…
,

n
k

⩽
x

f([n1, . . . , nk]), involving the GCD and LCM of the integers n1, . . . , nk, where f belongs to certain classes of additive arithmetic functions. In particular, we consider the generalized omega function Ωℓ(n) = $$ {\sum}_{p^{\nu}\Big\Vert {n}^{v^{\ell }}}\mathrm{investigated} $$

∑

p
ν

‖

n

v
ℓ

investigated

by Duncan (1962) and Hassani (2018), and the functions A(n) = $$ {\sum}_{p^{\nu}\Big\Vert n} vp, $$

∑

p
ν

‖
n

vp
,
A∗(n) = ∑p ∣ np, B(n) = A(n) − A∗(n) studied by Alladi and Erdős (1977). As a key auxiliary result, we use an inclusion–exclusion-type identity.
Deep computer vision system for cocoa classification
Authors: Lopes Jessica Fernandes , da Costa Victor G. Turrisi , Barbin Douglas F. , Cruz-Tirado Luis Jam Pier , Baeten Vincent , Barbon Junior Sylvio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCocoa hybridisation generates new varieties which are resistant to several plant diseases, but has individual chemical characteristics that affect chocolate production. Image analysis is a useful method for visual discrimination of cocoa beans, while deep learning (DL) has emerged as thede factotechnique for image processing . However, these algorithms require a large amount of data and careful tuning of hyperparameters. Since it is necessary to acquire a large number of images to encompass the wide range of agricultural products, in this paper, we compare a Deep Computer Vision System (DCVS) and a traditional Computer Vision System (CVS) to classify cocoa beans into different varieties. For DCVS, we used a Resnet18 and Resnet50 as backbone, while for CVS, we experimented traditional machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF). All the algorithms were selected since they provide good classification performance and their potential application for food classification A dataset with 1,239 samples was used to evaluate both systems. The best accuracy was 96.82% for DCVS (ResNet 18), compared to 85.71% obtained by the CVS using SVM. The essential handcrafted features were reported and discussed regarding their influence on cocoa bean classification. Class Activation Maps was applied to DCVS’s predictions, providing a meaningful visualisation of the most important regions of the images in the model.
Krisenthemen in Familien zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Andresen Sabine , Wilmes Johanna 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungWährend der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland standen besonders Familien mit Kindern vor großen Herausforderungen. Der erste Lockdown erscheint im Zeitverlauf markant, da sich das ausdifferenzierte Familienleben fast ausschließlich auf die häusliche Umgebung konzentrierte und Bildungs- und Betreuungsstätten geschlossen waren. Das Wegbrechen der öffentlichen Infrastruktur definieren wir hier als zentrales Krisenphänomen für Familien.Im Fokus dieses Beitrags steht eine Auswertung von 5075 Kommentaren aus dem Online-Fragebogen der Studie „KiCo – Kinder, Eltern und ihre Erfahrungen während der Corona-Pandemie“, an der im April/Mai 2020 über 25.000 Eltern mit Kindern unter 15 Jahren teilnahmen. Hauptsächlich stammen die Kommentare von Müttern zwischen 30 und 50 Jahren, die zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung größtenteils im Homeoffice arbeiteten und ein bis zwei Kinder unter 15 Jahren hatten.Anhand der Kommentare können wir nachzeichnen, wie das Krisenerleben verhandelt wurde bzw. wie auf das Narrativ der Krise in den ersten zwei Monaten der Pandemie in Deutschland Bezug genommen wurde. Folgende Kategorien konnten identifiziert werden: Die Dauer der Krise (Zeit), Krise als Chance für gesellschaftlichen Wandel, die Krise der Demokratie, Krise als Chance für die Familie, Leidtragende der Krise.
Improved IgG antibody diagnostics of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and pulmonary mycoses by means of newly evaluated serum antibody ranges and frequencies using IgG ImmunoCAP™
Authors: Sennekamp Joachim , Lehmann Emilia , Joest Marcus 
Published: May 2022

Summary
Background
The ranges of most human IgG antibodies against avian, microbial, and chemical antigens between their cut off values and their maximum values detected by IgG ImmunoCAP™ (Thermo Fisher Diagnostics, Freiburg, Germany) are not well known in pulmonary immune-mediated disorders. In addition, for many antigens it is not yet known how frequently their IgG antibodies appear in patients with these lung diseases. Therefore, we evaluated ranges and frequencies of these IgG antibodies.

Methods
The sera of 47,200 patients with suspected hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP, extrinsic allergic alveolitis) or bronchopulmonary mycoses (mainly allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis [ABPA]), which were examined for 32 various IgG antibodies against birds, bacteria, molds, yeasts, and chemicals using the IgG ImmunoCAP™ assay, were evaluated retrospectively.

Results
We found a large spreading of the specific IgG ranges with maximum values from 26 mgA/l for Rhizopus nigricans up to 4640 mgA/l for pigeon. When the maximum values in the literature are also taken into account, the ranges of avian antibodies reach values up to 7280 mgA/l, the ranges of molds and yeasts up to 1707 mgA/l, of bacterial thermoactinomycetes up to 206 mgA/l, and of chemicals up to 139 mgA/l. The evaluated antibody ranges of the individual antigens can be used to decide whether a detected IgG antibody value is weakly, moderately or strongly positive. According to consistent evidence from numerous studies, a strongly positive antibody indicates HP or pulmonary mycosis more likely than a weakly positive antibody. It was found that the antigens of the highest maximum antibody levels—pigeon, budgerigar, parrot, Aspergillus fumigatus—are the causative agents of the most common immune-mediated lung diseases: bird breeder’s lung and pulmonary aspergillosis. Evaluation of the frequencies of eight major IgG antibodies of HP revealed the following rates: pigeon 28%, Aspergillus fumigatus 25%, budgerigar 23%, Penicillium chrysogenum 11%, Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula 7%, Acremonium kiliense 6%, Aureobasidium pullulans 5%, and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris 2%.

Conclusion
This study is the first to evaluate the ranges not only of avian and Aspergillus fumigatus antigens, as has been done up to now, but also of antibodies against 24 other environmental antigens. Quantification of IgG antibodies regarding their specific ranges can help to improve the serodiagnostics of immune-mediated lung diseases. In the lower ranges IgG antibodies are mainly physiological, while higher ranges correlate with the mentioned diseases as HP and ABPA/allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses (ABPM). The determined frequencies of the eight HP antibodies can be helpful in establishing HP screening tests.
Multi-objective Optimisation Using Fuzzy and Weighted Sum Approach for Natural Gas Dehydration with Consideration of Regional Climate
Authors: Kong Zong Yang , How Bing Shen , Mahmoud Ahmed , Sunarso Jaka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe majority of the existing simulation-based research works on natural gas dehydration via absorption using tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) have focused on solving single or bi-objective problems where most of the objectives are in conflict with one another. It was not until 2017 that multi-objective problems with conflicting nature have started gaining significant interest in this field, especially those involving 3 or more objectives. In this work, a multi-objective optimisation (MOO) framework was developed involving two different techniques, i.e. the fuzzy optimisation and the weighted sum approach, for handling different conflicting objectives in a natural gas dehydration process. The developed framework is straightforward, which can be applied by anyone effortlessly and can be easily extended to data from other literatures. Two different case studies, which involved bi- and tri-objectives, are given here to illustrate the efficacy of the developed framework for improving the sustainability and performance of the natural gas dehydration process. Relative to previous works without optimisation, the optimum results obtained here provide a compromised solution between different objectives. Using fuzzy optimisation in case 1, for example, increases the net profit by 0.2% and reduces the VOC emissions by 33% (i.e. better sustainability). Although the water dew point increases by 15%, it is still within the specification range and hydrate formation will not occur.
Gamification Strategies: A Characterization Using Formal Argumentation Theory
Authors: Guerrero Esteban , Kalmi Panu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGamifiedsoftware applications are omnipresent in everyday life. The idea of using game design elements in non-game contexts to engage and motivate tasks has rapidly gained traction in the human–computer interaction and the psychology fields, but scarcely in the artificial intelligence (AI) research area. In this paper, we propose asoftware agentperspective of gamification elements to solve two specific problems: (1) areactiveperspective that gamification designers have for those gamified affordances, i.e. the visual cue (output) is only triggered by user interaction, and (2) a lack of formal treatment of gamified software, where strict characterization of software behavior as done in AI, guarantee that the information-based output follows the intended goal of the software. Our contributions presented in this paper are (1) two taxonomies of affordances based on the type of information that every element communicates, and the type of agency that is capable; (2) a framework to formalize the decision-making process for gamified software agents; and (3) a characterization of gamifiedstoriesusingformal argumentation theorydialogues. We exemplify our contributions with two gamified platforms in the healthcare and financial literacy fields.