Leadership Characteristics of Orthopaedic Surgery Foot and Ankle Fellowship Directors
Authors: Destine Henson , Hicks Justin J. , Murdock Christopher J. , Carney Dwayne D. , Aiyer Amiethab A. , Hogan MaCalus V. 
Published: November 2022

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: As both fellowship training and opportunities for leadership's popularity increase, understanding a Foot and Ankle Fellowship Directors' (FD's) necessary components is crucial for evaluating Orthopaedic improvement methods and providing a template for the field's aspiring leaders. However, despite a FD's significance in trainee's development, future success, and careers in Foot and Ankle via Orthopaedic Surgery, no literature analyzing Foot and Ankle FD's demographics, surgical training, nor experience currently exists. This article aims to illustrate the trends in the characteristics and qualifications needed for leadership as an Orthopaedic Surgery Foot and Ankle FD. Methods: The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) identified the FDs for all 2021 participating Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle fellowship programs in the United States. The characteristics, demographics, and educational background data for each fellowship director was gathered and consolidated by author review of available curricula vitae (CV's). Information that could not be obtained from the CV's were then further gathered from resources such as Scopus web of science, institutional biographies, and emailed questionnaires. To ensure adequate response and data points, with absence of email response, information not readily available was obtained through telecommunications. These data points were then consolidated into 1 database. The information gathered to be used as data points were: Age, sex, race/ethnicity, residency/fellowship training location and graduation year, name of current institution, length of time at current institution, time since training completion until being appointed fellowship director, length in fellowship director role, and personal research H-index. Results: 51 Foot and Ankle FDs were appraised. The mean age of Current FD's was 51.27 years old with a mean H-Index of 14.69. 94.1% of these FD's were male and 5.9% were female; 90.2% were Caucasian, 5.9% were Asian American, and 3.9% were African American. The mean residency graduation year was 2001.31; and the most attended Residency program was the Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program. The mean fellowship graduation year was 2002.30; and the most attended fellowship program was the MedStar Union Memorial Foot and Ankle Fellowship. The time from completion of fellowship until FD appointment was 11.42 years; the mean number of years spent as a FD is 4.37. 19.61% of FD's work at the same institution where they completed residency; 9.8 % of FD's currently work at the same institution where they completed fellowship. The FD with the highest research impact displayed a Scopus H-index of 48. Conclusion: This study serves as an objective summary and analysis of the current leadership within Foot and Ankle Fellowship Programs in the US. Orthopaedics sees a large disparity in diversity in percentage of women and minorities within the field as compared to several different specialties; however, that same disparity is further pronounced amongst leadership as lower percentages of women and minorities hold leadership positions within orthopaedics compared to other specialties. This study provides data to be used as a template for candidates aspiring for leadership while displaying trends that establish a more comprehensive sense of diversity and equality.