bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, factors and inequalities in chronic disease multimorbidity among older adults in India: analysis of cross-sectional data from the nationally representative Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI)
Authors: Chauhan Shekhar , Patel Ratna , Kumar Shubham 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThis study examines the prevalence, patterns and factors of chronic disease-related multimorbidity. Also, this study examines the inequality in the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults in India.DesignCross-sectional study; large nationally representative survey data.Setting and participantsWe have used the first wave of a Longitudinal Ageing Study in India conducted in 2017–2018 across all the 35 states (excluded Sikkim) and union territories in India. This study used information from 31 373 older people aged 60+years in India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome variable for this study is multimorbidity. The study used multinomial logistic regression to examine the risk factors for multimorbidity among older adults. To measure the inequality in multimorbidity, the slope of index inequality and relative index of inequality have been used to understand the ranked-based inequality.ResultsAlmost one-fourth (24.1%) reported multimorbidity. The relative risk ratio (RRR) of multimorbidity (RRR=2.12; 95% CI=1.49 to 3.04) was higher among higher educated older adults than uneducated older adults. Furthermore, the RRR of multimorbidity (RRR=2.35; 95% CI=2.02 to 2.74) was higher among urban older adults than their rural counterparts. Older adults in the richest wealth quintile were more likely to report multimorbidities (RRR=2.86; 95% CI=2.29 to 3.55) than the poorest older adults. Good self-rated health and no activities of daily living disability were associated with a lower risk of multimorbidities.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the comprehensive knowledge of the prevalence, factors and inequality of the chronic disease-related multimorbidity among older adults in India. Considering India’s ageing population and high prevalence of multimorbidity, the older adults must be preferred in disease prevention and health programmes, however, without compromising other subpopulations in the country. There is a need to develop geriatric healthcare services in India. Additionally, there is a need to disseminate awareness and management of multimorbidity among urban and highly educated older adults.
‘You’re kind of left to your own devices’: a qualitative focus group study of patients with breast, prostate or blood cancer at a hospital in the South West of England, exploring their engagement with exercise and physical activity during cancer treatment and in the months following standard care
Authors: Smith Sian Karen , Wiltshire Gareth , Brown Frankie F , Dhillon Haryana , Osborn Mike , Wexler Sarah , Beresford Mark , Tooley Mark A , Turner James E 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences of patients with breast, prostate or blood cancer, regarding their (1) engagement with exercise and physical activity during treatment and in the months following standard care, and (2) the meanings attached to these lifestyle behaviours.DesignA qualitative study using focus groups. The groups were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using Framework analysis.SettingA hospital-based cancer treatment centre in the South-West of England.ParticipantsEighteen people who had either completed treatment or were currently on maintenance therapy for breast, prostate or blood cancer (non‐Hodgkin lymphoma or Hodgkin lymphoma).ResultsParticipants reported treatment limiting their ability to engage in exercise and physical activity. However, participants were aware of the physiological, emotional and social benefits of exercise and expressed a desire to maintain a physically active lifestyle before, during and after treatment. They noted a lack of concrete guidance and appropriate exercise classes for people with cancer and felt poorly informed about the type, intensity, duration and frequency of exercise they should be undertaking. As such, participants reported making decisions on their own, relying on their intuition and listening to their bodies to gauge whether they were doing enough exercise (or not).ConclusionsParticipants were aware of the benefits of a physically active lifestyle during and following cancer treatment, but were not familiar with exercise and physical activity guidelines for people living with and beyond cancer. There is a need for healthcare professionals, academics and policy makers to determine how exercise and physical activity can be supported in clinical settings in realistic and meaningful ways accommodating individual patient circumstances.
Worker and manager perceptions of the utility of work-related mental health literacy programmes delivered by community organisations: a qualitative study based on the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Crisan Corina , Van Dijk Pieter Andrew , Oxley Jennie , De Silva Andrea 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesReluctance to seek help is a leading contributor to escalating mental injury rates in Australian workplaces. We explored the benefit of using community organisations to deliver mental health literacy programmes to overcome workplace barriers to help-seeking behaviours.DesignThis study used a qualitative application of the theory of planned behaviour to examine underlying beliefs that may influence worker’s intentions to participate in mental health literacy programmes delivered by community organisations and manager support for them.SettingThis study took place within three large white-collar organisations in the Australian state of Victoria.ParticipantsEighteen workers and 11 managers (n=29) were interviewed to explore perspectives of the benefits of such an approach.ResultsCommunity organisations have six attributes that make them suitable as an alternative mental health literacy programme provider including empathy, safety, relatability, trustworthiness, social support and inclusivity. Behavioural beliefs included accessibility, understanding and objectivity. The lack of suitability and legitimacy due to poor governance and leadership was disadvantages. Normative beliefs were that family and friends would most likely approve, while line managers and colleagues were viewed as most likely to disapprove. Control beliefs indicated that endorsements from relevant bodies were facilitators of participation. Distance/time constraints and the lack of skills, training and lived experiences of coordinators/facilitators were seen as barriers.ConclusionsIdentifying workers’ beliefs and perceptions of community organisations has significant implication for the development of effective community-based strategies to improve worker mental health literacy and help seeking. Organisations with formal governance structures, allied with government, peak bodies and work-related mental health organisations would be most suitable. Approaches should focus on lived experience and be delivered by qualified facilitators. Promoting supervisor and colleague support could improve participation. Models to guide cross-sector collaborations to equip community organisations to deliver work-related mental health literacy programmes need to be explored.
Impact of chronic kidney disease on case ascertainment for hospitalised acute myocardial infarction: an English cohort study
Authors: Bidulka Patrick , Scott Jemima , Taylor Dominic M , Udayaraj Udaya , Caskey Fergus , Teece Lucy , Sweeting Michael , Deanfield John , de Belder Mark , Denaxas Spiros , Weston Clive , Adlam David , Nitsch Dorothea 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) case ascertainment improves for the UK general population using linked health data sets. Because care pathways for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) change based on disease severity, AMI case ascertainment for these people may differ compared with the general population. We aimed to determine the association between CKD severity and AMI case ascertainment in two secondary care data sets, and the agreement in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between the same data sets.MethodsWe used a cohort study design. Primary care records for people with CKD or risk factors for CKD, identified using the National CKD Audit (2015–2017), were linked to the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP, 2007–2017) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES, 2007–2017) secondary care registries. People with an AMI recorded in either MINAP, HES or both were included in the study cohort. CKD status was defined using eGFR, derived from the most recent serum creatinine value recorded in primary care. Moderate–severe CKD was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and mild CKD or at risk of CKD was defined as eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2or eGFR missing. CKD stages were grouped as (1) At risk of CKD and Stages 1–2 (eGFR missing or ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2), (2) Stage 3a (eGFR 45–59 mL/min/1.73 m2), (3) Stage 3b (eGFR 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m2) and (4) Stages 4–5 (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2).ResultsWe identified 6748 AMIs: 23% were recorded in both MINAP and HES, 66% in HES only and 11% in MINAP only. Compared with people at risk of CKD or with mild CKD, AMIs in people with moderate–severe CKD were more likely to be recorded in both MINAP and HES (42% vs 11%, respectively), or MINAP only (22% vs 5%), and less likely to be recorded in HES only (36% vs 84%). People with AMIs recorded in HES only or MINAP only had increased odds of death during hospitalisation compared with those recorded in both (adjusted OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.96 and OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.04, respectively). Agreement between eGFR at AMI admission (MINAP) and in primary care was poor (kappa (K) 0.42, SE 0.012).ConclusionsAMI case ascertainment is incomplete in both MINAP and HES, and is associated with CKD severity.
Behavioural survey and street-based HIV and HCV rapid testing programme among transgender sex workers
Authors: Lapadula Giuseppe , Soria Alessandro , Modesti Massimo , Vecchi Arianna , Sabbatini Francesca , Monopoli Antonia , Squillace Nicola , Lungu Eugenia , Coloma Jessenia , Columpsi Paola , Cristiano Vincenzo , Bonfanti Paolo 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTransgender women sex workers (TGW-SW) are disproportionally affected by HIV and have reduced access to testing. Moreover, information regarding their behaviours and health needs is scarce.MethodsA behavioural survey and a targeted testing programme in prostitution sites were conducted in Milan and Monza areas. The non-profit organisation ‘ALA Milano Onlus’ and ‘San Gerardo’ Hospital (Monza) implemented a mobile HIV testing unit involving a TGW peer educator, four physicians, a counsellor, a psychologist and a cultural mediator. All TGW-SW were offered anonymous HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) oral testing and asked to fill a questionnaire on sexual habits, drug abuse, and knowledge and attitudes towards HIV and STDs.ResultsBetween May and July 2017, 130 TGW-SW, predominantly migrants, were contacted during 15 street visits; among them, 78 (60%) were interviewed. HIV and HCV testing were accepted by 53 (42%) and 67 (52%) TGW-SW, respectively. Twenty-five (19.8%) subjects who reported already established HIV infection were not retested. Seven patients received a new diagnosis of HIV, while nobody tested positive for HCV. Overall, HIV prevalence was 13.2% (25% including those with already known HIV infection). Recent arrival in Italy and young age were associated with risk of undiagnosed HIV infection. Inconsistent condom use was commonly reported during commercial sex (27%) and with non-commercial partners (64%). Alcohol and cocaine abuse were common problems which facilitated risky behaviours.ConclusionsOral rapid HIV and HCV testing for TGW-SW in outreach settings were feasible and acceptable and led to a considerable number of new diagnoses. Interventions tailored to TGW-SW, focused on HIV prevention, testing and engagement in care, are fundamental.
Anisotropy in constraint 4D Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Shahidi Shahab , Khosravi Nima 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecently a new 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory has been introduced (Glavan and Lin in Phys Rev Lett 124: 081301, 2020) with a serious debate that it does not possess a covariant equation of motion in 4D. This feature, makes impossible to consider non-symetric space-times in this model, such as anisotropic cosmology. In this note, we will present a new proposal to make this happen, by introducing a Lagrange multiplier to the action which eliminates the higher dimensional term from the equation of motion. The theory has then a covariant 4D equation of motion which is useful to study the less symmetric metrics. On top of FRW universe, the constraint theory is equivalent to the original 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity. We will then consider the anisotropic cosmology of the model and compare the theory with observational data. We will see that the theory becomes non-conservative and the matter density abundance falls more rapidly at larger redshifts compared to the conservative matter sources.
Taming modeling uncertainties with mass unspecific supervised tagging
Authors: Aguilar-Saavedra J. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe address the modeling dependence of jet taggers built using the method of mass unspecific supervised tagging, by using two different parton showering and hadronisation schemes. We find that the modeling dependence of the results – estimated by using different schemes in the design of the taggers and applying them to the same type of data – is rather small, even if the jet substructure varies significantly between the two schemes. These results add great value to the use of generic supervised taggers for new physics searches.
Prehospital‐Stroke‐Scale Parameterized Hospital Selection Protocol for Suspected Stroke Patients Considering Door‐to‐Treatment Durations
Authors: Wang Chun‐Han , Chang Yu‐Chen , Yang Yung , Chiang Wen‐Chu , Tang Sung‐Chun , Tsai Li‐Kai , Lee Chung‐Wei , Jeng Jiann‐Shing , Ma Matthew Huei‐Ming , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Lee Yu‐Ching 
Published: March 2022

Background
To mitigate uncertainty that may arise in the judgment of emergency medical technicians when relying on a prehospital stroke scale at the scene, we propose a hospital selection protocol that considers the uncertainty of a prehospital stroke scale and the actual door‐to‐treatment durations, and we have developed a web‐based system to be used with mobile devices.

Methods and Results
This hospital selection protocol incorporates real‐time, estimated transport time obtained from Google Maps, historical median door‐to‐treatment duration at hospitals that only provide the standard intravenous thrombolysis treatment, and at hospitals with endovascular thrombectomy for probable large‐vessel occlusion cases. We have validated the efficiency of the proposed protocol and compared it with other strategies used by emergency medical technicians when deciding on a receiving hospital. Using the proposed protocol for the triage reduces the time from onset to receiving definitive treatment by nearly 11 minutes. We found that the nearest endovascular thrombectomy–capable hospital from the scene may not be the most ideal if the door‐to‐treatment durations are discriminative. The results show that, when the tolerable bypass transport threshold and administration time are reduced to 9 minutes and 30.5 minutes, respectively, 228 patients out of 7678 cases, whose receiving hospitals were changed to endovascular thrombectomy–capable hospitals, received definitive treatment in a shorter time. The results of our analysis give recommendations for appropriate allowable bypass transport time for regional planning.

Conclusions
By applying almost‐real value parameters, we have validated a web‐based model, which can be universally adapted for optimal, time‐saving hospital selection for patients with stroke.
Atomic Ecology
Authors: Angus Siobhan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Susanne Kriemann's Pechblende explores the material histories and visual (im)possibilities of uranium. Through a focus on the materiality of uranium, the article explores how the medium of photography is entangled with atomic histories by focusing on a series of exhibitions that explore the histories of photography, mining, and the damage slowly wrought by environmental change. While the violence of uranium exposure eludes vision, atomic light materially challenges the boundaries of the visible and the invisible, most tangibly shown in X-rays and autoradiographs, the camera-less exposures “taken” by uranium. Reading Kriemann's work through an eco-critical lens that centers environmental justice and labor, I explore the role of photography and the archive in the Anthropocene. Kriemann's counter-archival photographic practice draws attention to the socio-ecological costs of resource extraction while probing the limits of the visible. The materiality of the climate crisis necessitates thinking about materials—and the tangible consequences of their use—alongside questions of representation.
Quantifying the Rainfall Cooling Effect: The Importance of Relative Humidity in Guangdong, South China
Authors: Liu Wei , Dong Shaorou , Zheng Jing , Liu Chang , Wang Chunlin , Shangguan Wei , Zhang Yajie , Zhang Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, we used hourly observations to investigate the cooling effect of summer rainfall on surface air temperature (Ta) in a subtropical area, Guangdong province, South China. Data were categorized step-by-step by rainfall system (convection, monsoon, and typhoon), daily rainfall amount, and relative humidity (RH) level. Moreover, the average hourly Ta variation due to solar radiation was removed from all observations before statistical analysis. The results showed that the linear relationship between hourly Ta variation and rainfall intensity did not exist. However, the cooling effect of rainfall on Ta variation was dominant. In addition, convective rainfall does cause a greater temperature drop than the other two rainfall systems. After further partitioning all samples by RH level preceding the rainfall, the relationship between hourly Ta variation and rainfall intensity became distinctive. When RH was below 70%, rainfall-induced cooling became more substantial and scaled linearly with event intensity, but when RH exceeded 70%, the rainfall cooling effect was generally restrained by the RH increase. A strong correlation between hourly Ta variation and RH level preceding the rainfall suggests the importance of RH on the rainfall cooling effect.
Sindh Fruit Traders: Expanding Abroad
Authors: Umrani Waheed Ali , Solangi Rukhman , Mirani Manzoor , Ahmed Umair , Abro Muhammad Azeem 
Published: March 2022

This case examines the establishment of a small-scale business, Sindh Fruit Traders, owned by Mr Imtiaz and Mr Tehseen. The saturated local market condition is compelling them to look at export markets as means of expansion. The core challenges they face are identifying and selecting an appropriate export country and making the necessary preparations for the expansion. All these decisions have to be made before the next harvest season in July 2017. This case describes in detail the dates business in Khairpur, Pakistan. It provides information about how an individual commences business at a small scale and then expands with time by learning the techniques of the business. This case also explains the local trading of crops and traditional ways of conducting business in the date market of Khairpur and looks into ways in which research should be conducted to expand the business for exports. After discussion, the students will be able to understand the production and sales business of dates in general. More specifically, the students will understand how entrepreneurs are attracted to a business, what role research can play in making informed decisions, and the potential means to expand a local business into an international venture.
Peer support facilitates post-traumatic growth in first responders: A literature review
Authors: Donovan Nicole 
Published: March 2022

Introduction First responders are routinely exposed to traumatic workplace incidents that can result in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). First responder organizations utilize different types of peer led programs to support first responders following a critical incident including the Critical Incident Stress Management Program (CISM) and stand-alone peer support programs. Little research has been done to determine the benefits or limitations of stand-alone peer support programs on the mental health of first responders. The aim of this project was to understand what characteristics of peer support facilitate post-traumatic growth (PTG) in first responders. Methods A literature search was completed using the City University of Seattle library database, ResearchGate and Google Scholar. The studies used in this review were found on EBCSOhost, ProQuest, PubMed and Wiley Online. This review includes literature published since 2006 that references post-traumatic growth in first responders, and/or their preferences for support, their coping styles and organizational impacts on growth. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify the themes and patterns in the final 10 research papers. Results This literature review identified five themes of formal and informal peer interactions that support PTG in first responders. (1) Peer support assists first responders with the processing of traumatic events and (2) managing organizational stressors. (3) Peer support alone may not lead to PTG and requires the use of adaptive coping behaviours. (4) First responders who actively engage with peer support experience increased well-being and (5) relational safety with peers encourages disclosure that leads to post-traumatic growth. Conclusion Formal and informal peer support contribute to post-traumatic growth (PTG) in first responders. Further research needs to be done to differentiate between the effects of trained peer support and support from colleagues.
Functional outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in Boileau class 1 and class 2 proximal humeral fracture sequelae: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Chua Nina , Onggo James R , Nambiar Mithun , Onggo Jason D , Wang Kemble K , Pennington Richard , Hau Raphael 
Published: March 2022

Background Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is an increasingly popular salvage treatment option for proximal humeral fracture (PHF) sequelae. This meta-analysis aimed to conduct a pooled analysis of functional outcomes of RTSA in PHF sequelae, with subgroup analysis comparing between intracapsular (Class 1) and extracapsular (Class 2) PHF sequelae. Methods A multi-database search (PubMed, OVID, EMBASE) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on 27th July 2020. Data from all published literature meeting inclusion criteria were extracted and analysed. Findings Eleven studies were included, comprising 359 shoulders (167 Class 1 and 192 Class 2). The mean age was 68.2 years, and the mean time between injury and surgery was 49 months, (1–516 months). Constant score and forward flexion improved by 31.8 (95%CI: 30.5–33.1, p < 0.001) and 60o (95%CI: 58o-62o, p < 0.001) respectively between pre-operative and post-operative values for both groups. Constant scores were better in Class 1 patients (MD = 3.60, 95%CI: 1.0–6.2, p < 0.001) pre-operatively and post-operatively (MD = 7.4, 95%CI: 5.8–9.0, p < 0.001). Forward flexion was significantly better in Class 1 patients (MD = 13o, 95%CI: 7o-17o, p < 0.001) pre-operatively, but was slightly better in Class 2 patients post-operatively (MD = 7o, 95%CI: 4o-10o, p < 0.001). Overall complication rate was 16.8%. Conclusion Salvage RTSA is effective for PHF sequelae, with multiple factors contributing to the high complication rate.