bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivering outpatient virtual clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic: early evaluation of clinicians’ experiences
Authors: Vas Venessa , North Shirley , Rua Tiago , Chilton Daniella , Cashman Michaela , Malhotra Bharti , Garrood Toby 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has put health systems across the world under significant pressure. In March 2020, a national directive was issued by the National Health Service (NHS) England instructing trusts to scale back face-to-face outpatient appointments, and rapidly implement virtual clinics.MethodsA multidisciplinary team of change managers, analysts and clinicians were assembled to evaluate initial implementation of virtual clinics at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust. In-depth interviews were conducted with clinicians who have delivered virtual clinics during the pandemic. An inductive thematic approach was used to analyse clinicians’ early experiences and identify enablers for longer term sustainability.ResultsNinety-five clinicians from specialist services across the trust were interviewed between April and May 2020 to reflect on their experiences of delivering virtual clinics during Wave I COVID-19. Key reflections include the perceived benefits of virtual consultations to patients and clinicians; the limitations of virtual consultations compared with face-to-face consultations; and the key enablers that would optimise and sustain the delivery of virtual pathways longer term.ConclusionsIn response to the pandemic, outpatient services across the trust were rapidly redesigned and virtual clinics implemented. As a result, services have been able to sustain some level of service delivery. However, clinicians have identified challenges in delivering this model of care and highlighted enablers needed to sustaining the delivery of virtual clinics longer term, such as patient access to diagnostic tests and investigations closer to home.
Evaluating soil water matric pressure and sorptivity relationship as affected by some properties of a clay soil
Authors: Karahan Gülay 
Published: January 2022

Sorptivity (S) is the fundamental variable controlling the early infiltration process. Besides soil properties, soil initial water content (θi) and (or) matric pressure (hi) are key factors determining extent of S. Assessment of interrelationship among S, hi, and soil properties can provide a considerable insight into understanding the behaviour of dry soils to rainfall or irrigation water. This study was conducted to evaluate relationship between S and some selected soil parametric and morphometric properties within a range of hi. Sixteen undisturbed soil samples (5 cm id, 5 cm length) were taken from the topsoil (0–15 cm) of a paddy soil with clay texture. Sorptivity was measured with a mini-disc infiltrometer on the samples equilibrated at h, ranging from −20 to −1500 kPa. A parameter (η), representing the relationship between S and hi, was introduced. Correlation analysis was conducted between η and selected soil morphometric and parametric properties. Soil structure and clay content appeared the most important soil attributes influencing S–hirelation between −200 and −1500 kPa. The results provided a fundamental understanding on S–hi–soil properties interrelations in a clay soil. The methodology developed in this study can be used to evaluate S–hirelationship across different soils and scales.
In Situ Exsolved Core-Shell Nanoparticles on Perovskite Parent: A Novel High-Performance Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Hou Nianjun , Zhao Yicheng , Li Yongdan 
Published: January 2022

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with a high energy conversion efficiency and low emissions are considered as promising substitutes for traditional thermal power devices[
1
,2]. However, the conventional Ni based anode suffers from agglomeration, sulfur poisoning and carbon coking with hydrocarbon fuels, which limit its application[3]. Various alternative materials have been studied as promising SOFC anodes. Meanwhile, in situ exsolution has been developed as a fabrication strategy to prepare perovskite oxides with uniformly dispersed nanometallic particles[4]. Recently, A-site ordered PrBaMn2O5+d has been reported as a promising anode with high electrical conductivity and good catalytic activity for the electrochemical oxidation of both hydrogen and hydrocarbons[5]. In this work, La0.5Ba0.5Mn1-2xCoxFexO3-δ (x=0, 0.05, 0.1) has been synthesized with the Pechini method and investigated as an anode material of SOFCs with H2 and methane as fuels. The structure of the anode converts from a mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases to a perovskite structure with core-shell nanoparticles on the surface after reduction. The in situ exsolution process of the metals on the B sites is studied with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, a thermogravimetric analyzer and a transmission electron microscope. The results of the electrochemical tests demonstrate that the doping of Co and Fe into B sites effectively improve the performance of the single cell with H2 as the fuel. A single cell with a 2CF-LBM anode layer and a 300-μm La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ electrolyte layer exhibits a maximum power density (P
max) of 98, 210, 383, 653 and 1479 mW cm-2 with wet H2 as the fuel at 650, 700, 750, 800 and 850 oC, respectively, and achieves a peak power density of 503 mW cm-2 at 850 oC when fueled with wet CH4. Moreover, the 2CF-LBM anode exhibits a high coking resistance, and no remarkable degradation of the performance is observed when the cell is operated with methane as the fuel for more than 200 hours.
Keywords: Solid oxide fuel cell; Perovskite; Anode; In situ exsolution

Table 1. Abbreviations of various anode materials and the maximum output power densities of the cells fed with H2 and CH4 at 850 oC

Anode composition
Abbreviation

P
max,H2 (mW cm-2)

P
max,CH4 (mW cm-2)

La0.5Ba0.5MnO3-δ

LBM
962

336

La0.5Ba0.5Mn0.9Co0.05Fe0.05O3-δ

1CF-LBM
1241

389

La0.5Ba0.5Mn0.8Co0.1Fe0.1O3-δ

2CF-LBM
1479
503

Figure 1. (a) Bright-field TEM image, (b) HAADF imagine with the EDS linear scanning and (c) EDS elemental map of the reduced 2CF-LBM; (d) I-V and I-P curves of the single cell in 650-850 oC with H2 as fuel.

References

S. Tao, J.T. Irvine, Nature materials 2003, 2, 320-323.

Z. Shao, S.M. Haile, Nature 2004, 431, 170-173.

X.M. Ge, S.H. Chan, Q.L Liu, et al., Advanced energy materials 2012, 2, 1156-1181.

D. Neagu, G. Tsekouras, D. N. Miller, et al., Nature Chemistry 2013, 5, 916-923.

S. Sengodan, S. Choi, A. Jun, et al., Nature materials 2015, 14, 205-209.

Figure 1
Using Dynamic Stress Analysis to Quantify Adsorbate-Induced Surface Stress
Authors: Stafford Gery R. , Bertocci Ugo 
Published: January 2022

Wafer curvature and cantilever bending techniques have been used by the electrochemical community to examine stress development during electrochemical processing. Surface stress changes as low as 10−3 N/m can typically be resolved from cantilever electrodes immersed in solution and under potential control. Such resolution makes this measurement useful for examining virtually all aspects of electrochemistry; i.e., electrocapillarity, adsorption processes, underpotential deposition, electrodeposition, etc. Often these processes occur either simultaneously or in rapid succession and we are often limited to measuring the influence of the dominant process in the time-scale of the experiment. In the case of electrocapillarity (charge-induced stress), the figure of merit is the stress-charge coefficient (ς) which captures the fundamental surface mechanics associated with charging the electrode surface. It has been well documented in the literature that ς is influenced by the anion in solution and its concentration.1,2 However, a steady state measurement cannot separate the contributions of anion adsorption from that of simple capacitive charging.
Similar to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) where electrochemical processes with different characteristic time constants can be separated, dynamic stress analysis (DSA) allows us to study the dynamics of any particular stress-generating process and link the stress to specific electrochemical and surface phenomena. We have demonstrated the technique by examining the electrocapillarity of both Pt and Au in HClO4 electrolyte.3,4 ς can be obtained from the following equation,
ς = jωYsZe

where Ze is the electrochemical impedance, Ys is the stress admittance (with units of N/(V-m), ω is the angular frequency, and j =√-1. In order to include adsorbate-induced contributions to the surface stress, one considers an equivalent circuit that adequately describes both the double layer and adsorption contributions to the electrochemical impedance. One can then obtain unique stress-charge coefficients that capture both electrocapillarity and anion adsorption as a function of potential. This will be demonstrated using (111)-textured Au cantilever electrodes in both sulfate and perchlorate electrolyte.

References

W. Haiss, R.J. Nichols, J.K. Sass, and K.P. Charle, J. Electroanal. Chem., 452, 199, (1998).

R.N. Viswanath, D. Kramer, and J. Weissmüller, Langmuir, 21, 4604 (2005).

M. C. Lafouresse, U. Bertocci, C. R. Beauchamp, and G. R. Stafford, J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H816 (2012).

M. C. Lafouresse, U. Bertocci, and G. R. Stafford, J. Electrochem. Soc. 160, H636 (2013).
GP96 and SMP30 Protein Priming of Dendritic Cell Vaccination Induces a More Potent CTL Response against Hepatoma
Authors: Huang Rongshi , Pan Jian , Zhang Yaoyao , Qin Qiuhong , Chao Naixia , Huang Tianming , Chen Chengxiao , Zhao Feilan , Luo Guorong 
Published: January 2022

Heat-shock protein (HSP) GP96 is a well-known adjuvant in immunotherapy. It belongs to the HSP90 family. Our previous study demonstrated that DC pulsed with recombinant senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) could induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against liver cancer cells in vitro. In this study, SMP30 and GP96 were subcloned into lentiviruses and transfected into DCs from healthy donors. We included six groups: the GP96-SMP30 group, GP96 group, SMP30 group, DC group, empty vector control group, and hepatoma extracted protein group. We used ELISA to detect cytokines and flow cytometry to assess CD80 and CD86 on DCs and the effect of CTLs. Our vector design was considered successful and further studied. In the SMP30 group, DC expresses more CCR7 and CD86 than the control group; in the SMP30+GP96 group, DC express more CCR7, CD86, and CD80 than the control group. Transfected DCs secreted more TNF-α and interferon-β and induced more CTLs than control DCs. SMP30 + GP96 effectively stimulated the proliferation of T cells compared with control treatment (

P

< 0.01). We detected the cytokines TNF-α, TNF-β, IL-12, and IFN (α, β, and γ) via ELISA (Figure 5) and verified the killing effect via FCM. Four E : T ratios (0 : 1, 10 : 1, 20 : 1, and 40 : 1) were tested. The higher the ratio was, the better the effects were. We successfully constructed a liver cancer model and tested the CTL effect in each group. The GP96 + SMP30 group showed a better effect than the other groups. GP96 and SMP30 can stimulate DCs together and produce more potent antitumor effects. Our research may provide a new efficient way to improve the therapeutic effect of DC vaccines in liver cancer.
Brain Functional Network Analysis of Patients with Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Liu Dan , Gao Junwei , You Tao , Li Shenghong , Cai Fengqin , Pei Chonggang , Zeng Xianjun 
Published: January 2022

Objectives. Recent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have focused on glaucoma-related neuronal degeneration in structural and spontaneous functional brain activity. However, there are limited studies regarding the differences in the topological organization of the functional brain network in patients with glaucoma. In this study, we aimed to assess both potential alterations and the network efficiency in the functional brain networks of patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Methods. We applied resting-state fMRI data to construct the functional connectivity network of 33 patients with PACG (

54.21
±
7.21

years

) and 33 gender- and age-matched healthy controls (

52.42
±
7.80

years

). The differences in the global and regional topological brain network properties between the two groups were assessed using graph theoretical analysis. Partial correlations between the altered regional values and clinical parameters were computed for patients with PACG. Results. No significant differences in global topological measures were identified between the two groups. However, significant regional alterations were identified in the patients with PACG, including differences within visual and nonvisual (somatomotor and cognition-emotion) regions. The normalized clustering coefficient and normalized local efficiency of the right superior parietal gyrus were significantly correlated with the retinal fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and the vertical cup to disk ratio (V C/D). In addition, the normalized node betweenness of the left middle frontal gyrus (orbital portion) was significantly correlated with the V C/D in the patients with PACG. Conclusions. Our results suggest that regional inefficiency with decrease and compensatory increase in local functional properties of visual and nonvisual nodes preserved the brain network of the PACG at the global level.
Application Effect of the Standard Operating Procedure in the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Zhang Hongxia , Zhu Zonghong , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Xiaofeng , Fan Limin , Wu Ranran , Sun Chenjing 
Published: January 2022

Objective. To investigate the application effect of the standard operating procedure (SOP) in the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods. The clinical data of patients admitted to respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and geriatric departments in the hospital (November 2020–May 2021) were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients in line with the inclusion criteria were equally randomized into the observation group (OG) and the control group (CG). The CG was treated with the routine nursing, and the OG received the SOP of VTE prevention additionally. After the record of the incidence of VTE and nursing satisfaction of the two groups, scores of VTE awareness were compared. Results. One hundred and twenty patients were included in this study, and no obvious difference was found in the general data of patients (

P

> 0.05). Compared with the CG, the incidence of VTE of the OG was obviously lower (

P

< 0.05). After nursing, compared with the CG, scores of VTE awareness in the OG were conspicuously higher (

P

< 0.001), and scores of VTE awareness of the nursing staff were conspicuously higher than those before nursing (

P

< 0.001). Compared with the CG, nursing satisfaction of the OG was obviously higher (

P

< 0.001). Conclusion. SOP can reduce the incidence of VTE of patients, improve their disease awareness, and enhance their nursing satisfaction, which should be popularized in practice.
The Study of Face Processing in Social Anxiety Disorder Based on Face-Specific N170 Component
Authors: Bi Xuejing , Guo Min , Cao Jianqin , Hao Yanhua 
Published: January 2022

Although previous studies showed that social anxiety disorder (SAD) exhibits the attentional bias for angry faces, few studies investigated effective face recognition combined with event-related potential (ERP) technique in SAD patients, especially the treatment effect. This study examines the differences in face processing in SAD patients before and after treatment and healthy control people (H-group). High-density EEG scans were registered in response to emotional schematic faces, particularly interested in the face processing N170 component. Analysis of N170 amplitude revealed a larger N170 for P-group-pre in response to inverted and upright stimuli than H-group in the right hemisphere. The result of the intragroup t-test showed that N170 was delayed for inverted relative to upright faces only in P-group-post and H-group but not in P-group-pre. Remarkably, the results of ANOVAs manifested that emotional expression cannot modulate N170 for SAD patients. Besides, the N170-based asymmetry index (AI) was introduced to analyze the left- and right-hemisphere dominance of N170 for three groups. It was found that, with the improvement of patients’ treatment, the value of

A

I

N
170
−
b
a
s
e

d

presented a decreasing trend. These results together suggested that there was no inversion effect observed for patients with SAD. The change in the value of

A

I

N
170
−
b
a
s
e

d

can be used as potential electrophysiological markers for the diagnosis and treatment effects on patients with SAD.
Growth Inhibition of Fungal Plant Pathogens by Antagonist Bacteria Using Dual Culture Assays
Authors: Ramona Yan - 
Published: January 2022

There has been excessive use of chemical-based pesticides globally resulting in significant environmental consequences with adverse effects on human health. Therefore more sustainable environment friendly alternative solutions are needed to cope with such environmental and health challenges. Development of biocontrol method is a rational solution to these challenges and therefore the main objective of this research were to isolate and screen potential antagonist bacteria inhibitory to important fungal plant pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Ceratocytis sp., Aspergillus flavus dan Aspergillus niger) in vitro by applying dual culture assays on potato dextrose agar (PDA) or trypticase soya agar (TSA) media. The antagonist bacteria were isolated from various sources such as soil of rhizosphere zone and roots of lettuce plants and Â mature compost. The potential of antagonist candidates were screened on the basis of inhibitory activity against targeted fungal pathogens. Bacterial antagonists with highest zone of inhibition were identified up to genus level using biochemical tests, and the results were matched with those specified in the Bergey’s Manual of determinative bacteriology. Fifteen bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from various sources, and 60% of those isolates showed antagonistic activity in vitro against fungal pathogens with various degree of inhibition.Â This indicated the initial potential to develop as biocontrol agents. Based on preliminary identification, genera of Bacillus and Pseudomonas were found to be the predominant isolates and in addition genus Acinetobacter was also identified in this study.
Qualidade do sono de escolares saudáveis: registro de cinco casos
Authors: Itaborahy Bianca Dana Horongozo , Castilho Tayná , Ducati Gabriela Castilhos , Schivinski Camila Isabel Santos 
Published: January 2022

Introdução: a qualidade do sono é um aspecto fundamental do desenvolvimento infantil, pois quando prejudicada, pode ter como consequência eventos patológicos que acometem a qualidade de vida e o desenvolvimento da criança. Objetivo: apresentar o registro de dados da poligrafia durante o sono de um grupo de escolares hígidos. Metodologia: relatou-se o registro de cinco casos de escolares saudáveis que foram avaliados por meio de poligrafia noturna domiciliar (PND) e o questionário Sleep Behaviour Questionaire (SBQ). Também foi realizada antropometria, espirometria e aplicado o questionário International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Resultados: A idade média dos casos analisados foi de 10,8±1,78 anos (1 menino) e o índice de massa corporal (IMC) 18,94±2,45 cm/m2. O tempo médio de registro na PND foi de 430 minutos (7,1 horas), com média de saturação de pulso de oxigênio de 95,8%, e frequência cardíaca de 64,3 bpm. O índice de apneia e hipopneia (IAH) variou entre 2 e 4,3 por hora (média de 2,9/hora) e, quando analisados somente os eventos na posição supina, a média do IAH foi de 3,38/hora. Todas as crianças apresentaram ronco noturno, com grande variação entre elas (4-63 episódios de roncos/ noite) e o SBQ pontuou valor sugestivo de distúrbio respiratório do sono (DRS) de caráter leve (média de 42,8 pontos). Conclusão: os escolares hígidos analisados manifestaram sintomas e indicativos de DRS, como apneia do sono leve, segundo os instrumentos utilizados.
Horos
Authors: Potter Thea 
Published: January 2022

In Horos, Thea Potter explores the complex relationship between classical philosophy and the ‘horos’, a stone that Athenians erected to mark the boundaries of their marketplace, their gravestones, their roads and their private property.Potter weaves this history into a meditation on the ancient philosophical concept of horos, the foundational project of determination and definition, arguing that it is central to the development of classical philosophy and the marketplace.
Horos challenges many significant interpretations of ancient thought. With nuance and insight, Potter combines the works of Aristotle, Plato, Homer and archaic Greek inscriptions with the twentieth-century continental philosophy of Heidegger, Derrida and Walter Benjamin. The result is a powerful study of the theme of boundaries in classical Athenian society as evidenced by boundary stones, law and exchange, ontology, insurgency and occupation.
The innovative book will be of interest to scholars in the fields of ancient Greek social history, philosophy, and literature, as well as to the general reader who is curious to know more about classical life and philosophy.
Observed and Projected Scaling of Daily Extreme Precipitation with Dew Point Temperature at Annual and Seasonal Scales across the Northeast United Sates
Authors: Steinschneider Scott , Najibi Nasser 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigates how extreme precipitation scales with dew point temperature across the Northeast U.S., both in the observational record (1948-2020) and in a set of downscaled climate projections in the state of Massachusetts (2006-2099). Spatiotemporal relationships between dew point temperature and extreme precipitation are assessed, and extreme precipitation – temperature scaling rates are evaluated on annual and seasonal scales using non-stationary extreme value analysis for annual maxima and partial duration series, respectively. A hierarchical Bayesian model is then developed to partially pool data across sites and estimate regional scaling rates, with uncertainty. Based on the observations, the estimated annual scaling rate is 5.5% per °C, but this varies by season, with most non-zero scaling rates in summer and fall and the largest rates (∼7.3% per °C) in the summer. Dew point temperatures and extreme precipitation also exhibit the most consistent regional relationships in the summer and fall. Downscaled climate projections exhibited different scaling rates compared to the observations, ranging between -2.5 and 6.2% per °C at an annual scale. These scaling rates are related to the consistency between trends in projected precipitation and dew point temperature over the 21st century. At the seasonal scale, climate models project larger scaling rates for the winter compared to the observations (1.6% per °C). Overall, the observations suggest that extreme daily precipitation in the Northeast U.S. only thermodynamic scales with dew point temperature in the warm season, but climate projections indicate some degree of scaling is possible in the cold season under warming.