bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can vocal process granuloma location forecast the efficacy of anti-reflux treatment?
Authors: Ding J , Lou Z 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of anti-reflux therapy on the idiopathic vocal process granulomas.MethodThis was a prospective case series study. The patients with vocal process granulomas who met the inclusion criteria were analysed. Proton pump inhibitors and vocal hygiene education were conducted for 8–20 weeks.ResultsOf the 16 patients with vocal process granulomas, 5 (31.25 per cent) patients achieved complete remission. The complete remission rate of granulomas was not significantly related to age (p = 1.000), sex (p = 0.296), side (p = 0.299), position (p = 0.100), endoscopic morphology (p = 0.263) or proton pump inhibitor treatment course (p = 0.543) but was significantly associated with granuloma location (p = 0.001) and granuloma size (p = 0.012).ConclusionGranulomas in the vocal cord and the margin of the vocal process had an excellent response to proton pump inhibitors, but granulomas on the surface of vocal process and arytenoid cartilage body had little response to proton pump inhibitors. The prolonged period of proton pump inhibitor treatment did not increase the complete remission rate of vocal process granulomas.
Strengthening capacity for species conservation in South-east Asia: a provisional assessment of needs and opportunities for the Asian Species Action Partnership
Authors: Chao Nerissa , Loffeld Thirza A. C. , Mastro Kate , Willcox Daniel H. A. , Guthrie Vicki , Rao Madhu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSouth-east Asia is home to exceptional biodiversity, but threats to vertebrate species are disproportionately high in this region. The IUCN Species Survival Commission Asian Species Action Partnership aims to avert species extinctions. Strengthening individual and organizational capacity is key to achieving long-term, sustainable conservation impact, and is a core strategic intervention for the Partnership. To look at the needs and opportunities for developing capacity for species conservation in South-east Asia, we undertook a needs assessment with organizations implementing species conservation within this region. We conducted a review of available training opportunities, mapping them against a list of identified competences needed for species conservation to determine gaps in current training. Our assessments revealed an imbalance in the focus of training opportunities vs the actual competences needed for effective species conservation, and that training opportunities within South-east Asia are limited in number and highly competitive. These findings corroborate other similar reviews, particularly on capacity gaps in the Global South. We discuss the implications of our review and use the findings to generate recommendations.
Diagonal decompositions of shapes and their algebras
Authors: Kristic Djordje 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe formal approach to shapes and their algebras, as it appears in shape grammar theory, has been reviewed. It starts with geometric elements and their partial algebras, continues to shapes, their algebras, and boundaries, as well as algebras that calculate with shapes and their boundaries. There is a number of new concepts introduced along the way. These include diagonal decompositions and their algebras which simplify calculations with shapes, b-paired diagonal decompositions which extend calculations with shapes and their boundaries from diagonal shapes only to all shapes, andm-order boundaries which extend the concept of shape boundaries and allow for calculations with multiple representations of shapes. It also shows that algebras of shapes are infinite direct sums of diagonal algebras.
Continuous cycles of data-enabled design: reimagining the IoT development process
Authors: Lee Boyeun , Cooper Rachel , Hands David , Coulton Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) as a new source of “big” data and value creation, businesses encounter novel opportunities as well as challenges in IoT design. Although recent research argues that digital technology can enable new kinds of development processes that are distinctive from their counterparts in the 20th century, minimal attention has been focused on the IoT design process. In order to contextualize New Product Development (NPD) processes for IoT, this paper comprehensively interrogates existing, and emerging development approaches for products, services, software, and integrated products, and several factors that affect designing IoT. This discussion includes the generic development process, the commonalities and differences of different development approaches, and processes. The paper demonstrates that only a few existing approaches reflect vital characteristics of networked artifacts or the integration of data science within the development model, which is one of the key attributes of IoT design. From these investigations, we propose “The Mobius Strip Model of IoT Development ProcessI,” a conceptual process for IoT design, which is distinctive to others. The continuous loops of the IoT design integrate the attributes and phases of different processes and consist of two different development approaches and strategies. Understanding the particular attributes of the IoT NPD process can help novice and experienced researchers in both feeding and drawing insight from the broader design discourse.
Sediment and water geochemistry record of water-rock interactions in King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Gunes Yagmur , Balci Nurgul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe used a multidisciplinary approach integrating major, trace and rare earth element geochemistry, mineralogy of rocks and sediments along with the ionic composition of water reservoirs of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, to evaluate the record of water-rock interactions under Maritime Antarctic conditions. Our results showed that the ionic compositions of the streams and meltwaters predominantly reflect the atmospheric inputs, while lake waters have higher Na/Cl, Ca/Mg and HCO3/Cl ratios related to chemical weathering in lake sediments, but this did not allow for distinguishing purely silicate sources. Consistent with the trace and rare earth element data, various alteration indices and Index of Compositional Variability values denote the low degree of chemical weathering in the lake sediments. The records from the previously unexplored Mud Lake and Upper Lake suggest that the lakes of Admiralty Bay are better places to trace the impacts of a succession of environmental changes that have occurred in the watershed, while the stream channel sediments, when accompanied by water chemistry data, may provide a more representative composition of the source rocks than the lake sediments. These findings may help revealing the intensity of contemporary weathering in a colder climate with relatively few mineralogical changes accompanied by a lesser degree of elemental loss.
Phonological variation on Twitter: Evidence from letter repetition in three French dialects
Authors: Lamontagne Jeffrey , McCulloch Gretchen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWriting on social media often departs from prescriptive norms through the use of non-standard words, spellings and punctuation. Amongst these traits is the repetition of letters (e.g. <ouiiiii> for oui ‘yes’). In this study, we draw upon a corpus of over 65 million tweets from three dialects of French (Laurentian, Metropolitan and Midi) to test phonological motivations for the choice of repeated letter in a word with repetition. Using mixed-effects multinomial regression, we compare dialectal differences in whether repetition targets final consonants (silent or pronounced), word-final orthographic <e> corresponding to phonological schwa, and prosodically accented penults. We demonstrate that repetition covertly signals phonological properties. We conclude that prosody mediates morphological and phonological effects and that grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences vary between regions, thereby producing phonological patterns that writers likely did not intend to convey at the time of writing. We also propose that orthographic repetition on Twitter has two prosodic sources: the default pitch accent in French (shifted or not) and focus.
Relation of the Plasmapause to the Midlatitude Ionospheric Trough, the Sub‐Auroral Temperature Enhancement and the Distribution of Small‐Scale Field Aligned Currents as Observed in the Magnetosphere by THEMIS, RBSP, and Arase, and in the Topside Ionosphere by Swarm
Authors: Heilig Balázs , Stolle Claudia , Kervalishvili Guram , Rauberg Jan , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Kumamoto Atsushi , Kasahara Yoshiya , Shoji Masafumi , Nakamura Satoko , Kitahara Masahiro , Shinohara Iku 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe relation between the plasmapause (PP) and various ionospheric phenomena, such as the midlatitude ionospheric trough (MIT) has been studied for decades. More recently, it was found that the equatorward boundary of small‐scale field‐aligned currents (SSB) and the PP are also closely coupled. In spite of prolonged efforts many details of these relationships, as well as the mechanisms responsible for them remain poorly understood. ESA's Swarm mission in conjunction with magnetospheric missions (RBSP, Arase, and THEMIS) provides an unprecedented opportunity to study these relationships on a global scale and over an extended period. Swarm delivers observations of MIT, the associated sub‐auroral electron temperature enhancement (SETE), as well as SSB, while PP crossings can be inferred from in‐situ magnetospheric electron density measurements. In this study, we use 7 years of Swarm observations and PP positions from 2014 to 2017 to address some of the open questions. We confirm that MIT/SETE and PP are directly coupled, however only in the nighttime. Their correlation remains high after post‐dawn, however, with an increasing, MLT‐dependent time lag. Afternoon MIT observations were found conjugated with a plasmaspheric plume. The correlation between SSB and PP is also high and they intersect each other near MLT midnight. Our results confirm the scenario that the PP is formed on the night side, and propagates to the dayside by co‐rotating with the Earth and suggest that the plasma is transported from the depleted ionospheric/dense plasmaspheric stagnation region also westward/sunward forming the afternoon MIT/narrow plumes, respectively.
Phase Space Density Analysis of Outer Radiation Belt Electron Energization and Loss During Geoeffective and Nongeoeffective Sheath Regions
Authors: Kalliokoski Milla M. H. , Kilpua Emilia K. J. , Osmane Adnane , Jaynes Allison N. , Turner Drew L. , George Harriet , Turc Lucile , Palmroth Minna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoronal mass ejection driven sheath regions are one of the key drivers of drastic outer radiation belt responses. The response can however be significantly different based on the sheath properties and the associated inner magnetospheric wave activity. We performed two case studies on the effects of sheaths on outer belt electrons of various energies using data from the Van Allen Probes. One sheath caused a major geomagnetic disturbance and the other had only a minor impact. We especially investigated the phase space density (PSD) of seed, core, and ultrarelativistic electrons to determine the dominant energization and loss processes taking place during the events. Both sheaths produced substantial variation in the electron fluxes from tens of kiloelectronvolts up to ultrarelativistic energies. The responses were however the opposite: the geoeffective sheath mainly led to enhancement, while the nongeoeffective one caused a depletion throughout most of the outer belt. The case studies highlight that both inward and outward radial transport driven by ultra‐low frequency waves played an important role in both electron energization and loss. Additionally, PSD radial profiles revealed a local peak that indicated significant acceleration to core energies by chorus waves during the geoeffective event. The distinct responses and different mechanisms in action during these events were related to the timing of the peaked solar wind dynamic pressure causing magnetopause compression, and the differing levels of substorm activity. The most remarkable changes in the radiation belt system occurred in key sheath sub‐regions near the shock and the ejecta leading edge.
Wave and Tidally Driven Flow Dynamics Within a Coral Reef Atoll off Northwestern Australia
Authors: Grimaldi C. M. , Lowe R. J. , Benthuysen J. A. , Green R. H. , Reyns J. , Kernkamp H. , Gilmour J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWaves and tides are often the two primary forcing mechanisms responsible for driving hydrodynamic processes within coral reefs worldwide. Although wave‐ and tide‐driven flows are individually well understood, there remain considerable gaps in our understanding of how their interactions control the reef circulation, and consequently how they shape a range of ecological processes. During 11 months of hydrodynamic measurements across Mermaid Reef, a coral reef atoll off northwestern Australia, the atoll was regularly exposed to a range of wave and tidal conditions. Using a validated wave‐flow numerical model, we showed that wave‐ and tidally driven processes interacted to drive the reef's circulation through several mechanisms including wave‐current interactions and tidal water level modulation of wave‐driven flows. The atoll morphology, particularly the higher elevation of the western reef flat, was found to be a key factor controlling the relative importance of waves and tides. Wave‐driven processes dominated for tidal ranges smaller than required to expose the shallower western reef flat. In contrast, tidal processes dominated for larger tidal ranges, when the western reef flat temporarily acted as a physical barrier to incoming and outgoing flows. The residual (tidally averaged) circulation was consistently directed eastward across the atoll. Over time scales of several months to years, Mermaid Reef can be classified as a tide‐dominated reef. However, due to the incident wave energy and spring‐neap tidal range variability, the relative importance of the dominant hydrodynamic drivers can vary on time scales of hours to days allowing wave processes to episodically dominate the reef circulation.
Monitoring Space Weather: Using Automated, Accurate Neural Network Based Whistler Segmentation for Whistler Inversion
Authors: Pataki Bálint Ármin , Lichtenberger János , Clilverd Mark , Máthé Gergely , Steinbach Péter , Pásztor Szilárd , Murár‐Juhász Lilla , Koronczay Dávid , Ferencz Orsolya , Csabai István 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is challenging, yet important, to measure the—ever‐changing—cold electron density in the plasmasphere. The cold electron density inside and outside of the plasmapause is a key parameter for radiation belt dynamics. One indirect measurement is through finding the velocity dispersion relation exhibited by lightning induced whistlers. The main difficulty of the method comes from low signal‐to‐noise ratios for most of the ground‐based whistler components. To provide accurate electron density and ‐shell measurements, whistler components need to be detectable in the noisy background, and their characteristics need to be reliably determined. For this reason, precise segmentation is needed on a spectrogram image. Here, we present a fully automated way to perform such an image segmentation by leveraging the power of convolutional neural networks, a state‐of‐the‐art method for computer vision tasks. Testing the proposed method against a manually, and semi‐manually segmented whistler data set achieved 10% relative electron density prediction error for 80% of the segmented whistler traces, while for the shell, the relative error is 5% for 90% of the cases. By segmenting more than 1 million additional real whistler traces from Rothera station Antarctica, logged over 9 years, seasonal changes in the average electron density were found. The variations match previously published findings, and confirm the capabilities of the image segmentation technique.
Kidins220/ARMS modulates brain morphology and anxiety-like traits in adult mice
Authors: Almacellas-Barbanoj Amanda , Albini Martina , Satapathy Annyesha , Jaudon Fanny , Michetti Caterina , Krawczun-Rygmaczewska Alicja , Huang Huiping , Manago Francesca , Papaleo Francesco , Benfenati Fabio , Cesca Fabrizia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKinase D interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220), also known as ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (ARMS), is a transmembrane scaffold protein that participates in fundamental aspects of neuronal physiology including cell survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. The Kidins220 constitutive knockout line displays developmental defects in the nervous and cardiovascular systems that lead to embryonic lethality, which has so far precluded the study of this protein in the adult. Moreover, Kidins220 mRNA is tightly regulated by alternative splicing, whose impact on nervous system physiology has not yet been addressed in vivo. Here, we have asked to what extent the absence of Kidins220 splicing and the selective knockout of Kidins220 impact on adult brain homeostasis. To answer this question, we used a floxed line that expresses only the full-length, non-spliced Kidins220 mRNA, and a forebrain-specific, CaMKII-Cre driven Kidins220 conditional knockout (cKO) line. Kidins220 cKO brains are characterized by enlarged ventricles in the absence of cell death, and by deficient dendritic arborization in several cortical regions. The deletion of Kidins220 leads to behavioral changes, such as reduced anxiety-like traits linked to alterations in TrkB-BDNF signaling and sex-dependent alterations of hippocampal-dependent spatial memory. Kidins220 floxed mice present similarly enlarged brain ventricles and increased associative memory. Thus, both the absolute levels of Kidins220 expression and its splicing pattern are required for the correct brain development and related expression of behavioral phenotypes. These findings are relevant in light of the increasing evidence linking mutations in the human KIDINS220 gene to the onset of severe neurodevelopmental disorders.
Enhanced cell deconvolution of peripheral blood using DNA methylation for high-resolution immune profiling
Authors: Salas Lucas A. , Zhang Ze , Koestler Devin C. , Butler Rondi A. , Hansen Helen M. , Molinaro Annette M. , Wiencke John K. , Kelsey Karl T. , Christensen Brock C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDNA methylation microarrays can be employed to interrogate cell-type composition in complex tissues. Here, we expand reference-based deconvolution of blood DNA methylation to include 12 leukocyte subtypes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, naïve and memory B cells, naïve and memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, natural killer, and T regulatory cells). Including derived variables, our method provides 56 immune profile variables. The IDOL (IDentifying Optimal Libraries) algorithm was used to identify libraries for deconvolution of DNA methylation data for current and previous platforms. The accuracy of deconvolution estimates obtained using our enhanced libraries was validated using artificial mixtures and whole-blood DNA methylation with known cellular composition from flow cytometry. We applied our libraries to deconvolve cancer, aging, and autoimmune disease datasets. In conclusion, these libraries enable a detailed representation of immune-cell profiles in blood using only DNA and facilitate a standardized, thorough investigation of immune profiles in human health and disease.
Sonogenetic control of mammalian cells using exogenous Transient Receptor Potential A1 channels
Authors: Duque Marc , Lee-Kubli Corinne A. , Tufail Yusuf , Magaram Uri , Patel Janki , Chakraborty Ahana , Mendoza Lopez Jose , Edsinger Eric , Vasan Aditya , Shiao Rani , Weiss Connor , Friend James , Chalasani Sreekanth H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUltrasound has been used to non-invasively manipulate neuronal functions in humans and other animals. However, this approach is limited as it has been challenging to target specific cells within the brain or body. Here, we identify human Transient Receptor Potential A1 (hsTRPA1) as a candidate that confers ultrasound sensitivity to mammalian cells. Ultrasound-evoked gating ofhsTRPA1 specifically requires its N-terminal tip region and cholesterol interactions; and target cells with an intact actin cytoskeleton, revealing elements of the sonogenetic mechanism. Next, we use calcium imaging and electrophysiology to show thathsTRPA1 potentiates ultrasound-evoked responses in primary neurons. Furthermore, unilateral expression ofhsTRPA1 in mouse layer V motor cortical neurons leads toc-fosexpression and contralateral limb responses in response to ultrasound delivered through an intact skull. Collectively, we demonstrate thathsTRPA1-based sonogenetics can effectively manipulate neurons within the intact mammalian brain, a method that could be used across species.
Spatiotemporal expression of regulatory kinases directs the transition from mitosis to cellular morphogenesis in Drosophila
Authors: Yang Shuo , McAdow Jennifer , Du Yingqiu , Trigg Jennifer , Taghert Paul H. , Johnson Aaron N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEmbryogenesis depends on a tightly regulated balance between mitosis, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Understanding how the embryo uses a relatively small number of proteins to transition between growth and morphogenesis is a central question of developmental biology, but the mechanisms controlling mitosis and differentiation are considered to be fundamentally distinct. Here we show the mitotic kinase Polo, which regulates all steps of mitosis in Drosophila, also directs cellular morphogenesis after cell cycle exit. In mitotic cells, the Aurora kinases activate Polo to control a cytoskeletal regulatory module that directs cytokinesis. We show that in the post-mitotic mesoderm, the control of Polo activity transitions from the Aurora kinases to the uncharacterized kinase Back Seat Driver (Bsd), where Bsd and Polo cooperate to regulate muscle morphogenesis. Polo and its effectors therefore direct mitosis and cellular morphogenesis, but the transition from growth to morphogenesis is determined by the spatiotemporal expression of upstream activating kinases.
General heterostructure strategy of photothermal materials for scalable solar-heating hydrogen production without the consumption of artificial energy
Authors: Li Yaguang , Bai Xianhua , Yuan Dachao , Zhang Fengyu , Li Bo , San Xingyuan , Liang Baolai , Wang Shufang , Luo Jun , Fu Guangsheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSolar-heating catalysis has the potential to realize zero artificial energy consumption, which is restricted by the low ambient solar heating temperatures of photothermal materials. Here, we propose the concept of using heterostructures of black photothermal materials (such as Bi2Te3) and infrared insulating materials (Cu) to elevate solar heating temperatures. Consequently, the heterostructure of Bi2Te3and Cu (Bi2Te3/Cu) increases the 1 sun-heating temperature of Bi2Te3from 93 °C to 317 °C by achieving the synergy of 89% solar absorption and 5% infrared radiation. This strategy is applicable for various black photothermal materials to raise the 1 sun-heating temperatures of Ti2O3, Cu2Se, and Cu2S to 295 °C, 271 °C, and 248 °C, respectively. The Bi2Te3/Cu-based device is able to heat CuOx/ZnO/Al2O3nanosheets to 305 °C under 1 sun irradiation, and this system shows a 1 sun-driven hydrogen production rate of 310 mmol g−1h−1from methanol and water, at least 6 times greater than that of all solar-driven systems to date, with 30.1% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency and 20-day operating stability. Furthermore, this system is enlarged to 6 m2to generate 23.27 m3/day of hydrogen under outdoor sunlight irradiation in the spring, revealing its potential for industrial manufacture.