bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROCK 1 and 2 affect the spatial architecture of 3D spheroids derived from human corneal stromal fibroblasts in different manners
Authors: Ida Yosuke , Umetsu Araya , Furuhashi Masato , Watanabe Megumi , Tsugeno Yuri , Suzuki Soma , Hikage Fumihito , Ohguro Hiroshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective of the current study was to examine the roles of ROCK1 and 2 on the spatial architecture of human corneal stroma. We examined the effects of a pan-ROCK inhibitor (pan-ROCK-i), ripasudil, and a ROCK2 inhibitor (ROCK2-i), KD025 on the expression of genes that encode for ECM proteins including collagen (COL) 1, 4, 6, and fibronectin (FN), their regulators, a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1–4, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, 9 and 14, and ER stress-related factors of two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) cultures of human corneal stroma fibroblasts (HCSFs), and the physical properties of 3D HCSF spheroids. A gene expression analysis using ROCK-is indicated that KD025 (ROCK2 selective ROCK inhibitor) induced more significant changes than Rip (ripasudil, pan-ROCK inhibitor), suggesting that ROCK2 might be more extensively involved in the metabolism of ECM proteins and cell architectures of the 2D cultured HCSFs than ROCK1. In terms of the physical properties, size and stiffness of the 3D HCSFs spheroids, Rip caused a significant enlargement and this enhancement was concentration-dependent while KD025 also exerted a similar but less pronounced effect. In contrast, Rip and KD025 modulated physical stiffness differently, in that Rip caused a substantial decrease and KD025 caused an increase. Such diverse effects between Rip and KD025 were also observed for the gene expressions of ECM proteins, their regulators, and ER-stress related factors. The findings presented herein suggest that the ROCK1 and 2 influence the spatial architecture of 3D HCFS spheroids in different manners.
Association between physical activity and dynapenia in older adults with COPD: a nationwide survey
Authors: Choi Young-Ah , Lee Jung Soo , Kim Yeo Hyung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe aimed to examine the association between physical activity (PA) level and dynapenia in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and whether it varied with sex and obesity status. The current cross-sectional study included total of 1033 community-dwelling participants with COPD aged 65–79 from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In the multivariable model, high and moderate PA levels were significantly associated with lower odds of dynapenia than low PA levels (high PA level: odds ratio [OR] = 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09–0.74; moderate PA level: OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.35–0.87). This inverse association was observed only in males with COPD (high PA level: OR = 0.17, CI = 0.04–0.65; moderate PA level: OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.27–0.88) and the normal-weight group (18.5 ≤ body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2; high PA level: OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.05–0.88; moderate PA level: OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27–0.86). In older community-dwelling patients with COPD, a negative dose-dependent relationship exists between PA level and dynapenia. The independent associations between PA level and dynapenia was significant in men and in participants with normal weight.
Slow wave synchronization and sleep state transitions
Authors: Guo Dan , Thomas Robert J. , Liu Yanhui , Shea Steven A. , Lu Jun , Peng Chung-Kang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpontaneous synchronization over large networks is ubiquitous in nature, ranging from inanimate to biological systems. In the human brain, neuronal synchronization and de-synchronization occur during sleep, with the greatest degree of neuronal synchronization during slow wave sleep (SWS). The current sleep classification schema is based on electroencephalography and provides common criteria for clinicians and researchers to describe stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep as well as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These sleep stage classifications have been based on convenient heuristic criteria, with little consideration of the accompanying normal physiological changes across those same sleep stages. To begin to resolve those inconsistencies, first focusing only on NREM sleep, we propose a simple cluster synchronization model to explain the emergence of SWS in healthy people without sleep disorders. We apply the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) analysis to quantify slow wave activity in electroencephalograms, and provide quantitative evidence to support our model. Based on this synchronization model, NREM sleep can be classified as SWS and non-SWS, such that NREM sleep can be considered as an intrinsically bistable process. Finally, we develop an automated algorithm for SWS classification. We show that this new approach can unify brain wave dynamics and their corresponding physiologic changes.
Fertilizer type and humic acid improve the growth responses, nutrient uptake, and essential oil content on Coriandrum sativum L.
Authors: Rasouli Farzad , Nasiri Yousef , Asadi Mohammad , Hassanpouraghdam Mohammad Bagher , Golestaneh Sina , Pirsarandib Yaghoub 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, the over-use of chemical fertilizers has imposed many environmental challenges worldwide. Nowadays, organic fertilizers such as vermicompost and livestock manure have gained a huge interest in sustainable agricultural systems. A 2-year field research was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design to assay the fertilizer and humic acid (HA) efficiency on the growth responses and essential oil composition of Coriandrum sativum. The treatments were different fertilizer sources (livestock manure, vermicompost, and chemical fertilizers) and humic acid fertigation before and at the beginning of the flowering stage. The highest protein content was observed under vermicompost × HA application before flowering (0.118 μmol L−1 and 0.128 μmol L−1, respectively). Moreover, the co-application of organic fertilizers × HA at the beginning of flowering resulted in a significant increase in the photosynthetic pigments and N, P, K, Fe, Zn, and Mn content. According to the GC-FID and GC–MS analysis, linalool (55.91–63.19%), γ-terpinene (4.65–6.13%), α-pinene (2.64–5.74%), geranyl acetate (3.49–5.51%), 2-dodecanal (2.92–4.46%), menthol (1.33–3.90%), p-cymene (1.73–2.24%), and geraniol (1.25–2.15%) were the main essential oil constituents. The top linalool content was obtained by using chemical fertilizers and vermicompost × HA at the flowering onset stage. In general, the results revealed that chemical fertilizers could be replaced with vermicompost × HA and their co-application positively influenced the growth responses and the essential oil composition of coriander. Furthermore, the results obtained would be advisable to the extension section and the pioneer farmers to amend the large-scale production systems in favor of environmental health.
Succession comprises a sequence of threshold-induced community assembly processes towards multidiversity
Authors: Hanusch Maximilian , He Xie , Ruiz-Hernández Victoria , Junker Robert R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch on successions and community assembly both address the same processes such as dispersal, species sorting, and biotic interactions but lack unifying concepts. Recent theoretical advances integrated both research lines proposing a sequence of stochastic and deterministic processes along successional gradients. Shifts in ecosystem states along successional gradients are predicted to occur abruptly once abiotic and biotic factors dominate over dispersal as main driver. Considering the multidiversity composed of five organismal groups including plants, animals, and microbes, our results imply that stochastic, likely dispersal-dominated, processes are replaced by rather deterministic processes such as environmental filtering and biotic interactions after around 60 years of succession in a glacier forefield. The niche-based character of later successional processes is further supported by a decline in multi-beta-diversity. Our results may update concepts of community assembly by considering multiple taxa, help to bridge the gap between research on successions and community assembly, and provide insights into the emergence of multidiverse and complex ecosystems.
Organocatalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Pellissier Hélène 
Published: May 2022

In a classical kinetic resolution, two enantiomers of a racemate are transformed into chiral products at different rates with a maximum theoretical yield of 50%. However, the need to reduce costs and waste in synthesis have led to efforts to develop novel resolution procedures proceeding beyond this 50% limited yield. This has led to the evolution of classical kinetic resolution into dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR), allowing a quantitative yield of one of the enantiomers. DKR combines the resolution step of kinetic resolution with an in-situ racemization of the chirally-labile substrate. It is only in the last two decades that chiral green organocatalysts have been demonstrated to be capable of promoting DKRs considerably expanding the synthetic scope of the powerful concept of DKR.
Collecting all the developments in the field of DKR, this book shows that a wide variety of organocatalysts allow excellent levels of stereocontrol and yields in many types of transformations. It is a great resource for academics and industrialists interested in green enantioselective catalytic reactions.
Calix[6]arenes with halogen bond donor groups as selective and efficient anion transporters
Authors: Singh Anurag , Torres-Huerta Aaron , Vanderlinden Tom , Renier Nathan , Martínez-Crespo Luis , Tumanov Nikolay , Wouters Johan , Bartik Kristin , Jabin Ivan , Valkenier Hennie 
Published: May 2022

A calix[6]arene with three preorganised halogen bond donating groups gives >100-fold selectivity for Cl− uniport over HCl symport, in contrast to analogous compounds with strong hydrogen bond donating groups.
Manipulation of the crystalline phase diagram of hydrogen through nanoscale confinement effects in porous carbons
Authors: Terry Lui R. , Rols Stephane , Tian Mi , da Silva Ivan , Bending Simon J. , Ting Valeska P. 
Published: May 2022

Confinement of H2 in subnanometre pores of microporous carbon stabilizes the lowest energy crystal confirmation at higher temperatures. Change in H2 phase behaviour shown to be caused by severe loss of rotational freedom and energy upon confinement.
Serum DSG2 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Yin-Qiao , Chu Ling-Yu , Yang Tian , Zhang Biao , Zheng Zheng-Tan , Xie Jian-Jun , Xu Yi-Wei , Fang Wang-Kai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Exploration of serum biomarkers for early detection of upper gastrointestinal cancer is required. Here, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of serum desmoglein-2 (DSG2) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EJA).
Methods: Serum DSG2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 459 participants including 151 patients with ESCC, 96 with EJA, and 212 healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy.
Results: Levels of serum DSG2 were significantly higher in patients with ESCC and EJA than those in healthy controls (P&lt;0.001). Detection of serum DSG2 demonstrated an area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of 0.724, sensitivity of 38.1%, and specificity of 84.8% for the diagnosis of ESCC in the training cohort, and AUC 0.736, sensitivity 58.2%, and specificity 84.7% in the validation cohort. For diagnosis of EJA, measurement of DSG2 provided a sensitivity of 29.2%, a specificity of 90.2%, and AUC of 0.698. Similar results were observed for the diagnosis of early-stage ESCC (AUC 0.715 and 0.722, sensitivity 36.3 and 50%, and specificity 84.8 and 84.7%, for training and validation cohorts, respectively) and early-stage EJA (AUC 0.704, sensitivity 44.4%, and specificity 86.9%). Analysis of clinical data indicated that DSG2 levels were significantly associated with patient age and histological grade in ESCC (P&lt;0.05).
Conclusion: Serum DSG2 may be a diagnostic biomarker for ESCC and EJA.
A deep learning‐based method for pixel‐level crack detection on concrete bridges
Authors: Kun Ji , Zhenhai Zhang , Jiale Yu , Jianwu Dang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCrack detection of the concrete bridge is an essential index for the safety assessment of bridge structure. It is more important to check the whole structure than to check the accuracy in the damage assessment. However, the traditional deep learning model method cannot completely detect the crack structure, which challenges image‐based crack detection. For this reason, we propose deep bridge crack classification (DBCC)‐Net as a classification‐based deep learning network. By pruning the Yolox, the regression problem of the target detection is converted to the binary classification problem to avoid the network performance degradation caused by the translation invariance of the convolutional neural network (CNN). In addition, the network post‐processing and a two‐stage crack detection strategy are proposed to enable the network to detect cracks and extract crack morphology in high‐resolution images quickly. In the first stage, DBCC‐Net realizes the coarse extraction of crack position based on image slice classification. In the second stage, the complete crack morphology is extracted from the location suggested by the semantic segmentation network. Experimental results show that the proposed two‐stage method has 19 frames per second (FPS) and 0.79 Miou (mean intersection over union) at the actual bridge images with 2560×2560 pixels. Although FPS is reduced, the Miou value is 7.8% higher than other methods, proving this paper's practical value.
VLBI imaging of the pre-coalescence SMBHB candidate SDSS J143016.05+230344.4
Authors: An Tao , Zhang Yingkang , Wang Ailing , Shu Xinwen , Yang Huan , Jiang Ning , Dou Liming , Pan Zhen , Wang Tinggui , Zheng Zhenya 
Published: May 2022

Context. Recently, SDSS J143016.05+230344.4 (J1430+2303) was reported to be a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) in the final coalescence phase. It is probably the first SMBHB coalescence event observable in human history. Radio observations of J1430+2303 before and after coalescence will provide a unique diagnosis of the energetics and environment of the SMBHB.
Aims. We explore the radio emission from the galactic nucleus region that is closely related to the current X-ray and optical activities and helps to understand the state of black hole accretion and outflow before coalescence.
Methods. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) imaging is the only method that offers milli-arcsecond-level high resolution that can exclude the contamination by diffuse emission on galactic scales. We observed J1430+2303 with the European VLBI Network at 1.7 GHz and with the Very Long Baseline Array at 1.6 and 4.9 GHz in late February and early March 2022.
Results. A compact component is detected in all three VLBI images. It has a brightness temperature of > 108 K, an unresolved morphology with a size < 0.8 pc, and a flat radio spectrum. These observational features are inconsistent with large opening-angle outflows or winds, but indicate that this compact component might be a jet or a corona. Nearly 60% of the emission is resolved by VLBI and may come from remnant lobes of previous radio activities, the outer layers of a structured jet, or shocks formed by the disc winds in the narrow line region.
Conclusions. Current VLBI images do not yet show signs of radio outbursts. Our observations provide pre-coalescence radio data that are an important reference for future comparative studies with the post-merger. In particular, further resolving the jet will pave the way for probing the dynamical features associated with inspiralling binary black holes.
Assessment of Neonatal Cord Blood SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies after COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sourouni Marina , Braun Janina , Oelmeier Kathrin , Möllers Mareike , Willy Daniela , Hennies Marc T. , Köster Helen Ann , Pecks Ulrich , Klockenbusch Walter , Schmitz Ralf 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction Maternally derived antibodies are a key element of neonatal immunity. So far, limited data has shown transplacental transmission of antibodies after coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with BNT162b2 in the third trimester. Our aim was to detect vertically transferred immunity after COVID-19 vaccination with BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, BioNTech-Pfizer)
or mRNA-1273 (Spikevax, Moderna) in the first, second or third trimester of pregnancy, and investigate the impact of maternal characteristics on umbilical cord antibody titre in newborns
after delivery.
Study Design Women who gave birth in our department and were vaccinated against COVID-19 during pregnancy were enrolled in CRONOS Satellite, a subproject of the German
COVID-19-Related Obstetric and Neonatal Outcome Study. The titre of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was quantified in
umbilical cord blood using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant immunoassay. Correlations between antibody titre and variables, including week of pregnancy when vaccinated, interval between
vaccination and delivery, age and body mass index (BMI) were assessed with Spearmanʼs rank correlation. A follow-up was conducted by phone interview 4 – 6 weeks after delivery.
Results The study cohort consisted of 70 women and their 74 newborns. Vaccine-generated antibodies were present in all samples, irrespective of the vaccination type or time of
vaccination. None of the parameters of interest showed a meaningful correlation with cord blood antibody concentrations (rho values < 0.5). No adverse outcomes (including foetal
malformation) were reported, even after vaccination in the first trimester.
Conclusions Transplacental passage of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from mother to child was demonstrated in all cases in the present study. It can therefore be assumed that the newborns of
mothers vaccinated at any time during pregnancy receive antibodies via the placenta which potentially provide them with protection against COVID-19. This is an additional argument when
counselling pregnant women about vaccination in pregnancy.
Anorexia nervosa – eine metabolisch-psychiatrische Erkrankung?
Authors: Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Seitz Jochen , Dahmen Brigitte 
Published: May 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Anorexia nervosa (AN) ist die psychische Erkrankung mit der höchsten Mortalität. Individuen, die im Jugendalter erkranken, leiden durchschnittlich über 10 Jahre an dieser Störung. Obwohl die klinische Erfahrung und internationale sowie nationale Studien auf einen unzureichenden Heilungserfolg hinweisen, wird in Deutschland meist an der traditionellen langdauernden stationären Behandlung festgehalten. Studien zur Erforschung der Ätiologie haben neue Erkenntnisse gebracht. Der vorliegende Artikel will beispielhaft neue biologische und psychologische Interventionen aufzeigen, die die Prognose dieser Erkrankung verbessern könnten. Dazu gehören therapeutische Strategien, die auf das Darm-Mikrobiom und damit auf die Darm-Gehirn-Achse Einfluss nehmen, eine neue experimentelle Behandlung mit Metreleptin (rekombinantes menschliches Leptin) sowie ein neues Behandlungssetting, das Home-Treatment. Nach erfolgreichen Pilotstudien soll in randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien herausgefunden werden, wie eine „personalisierte Behandlung“ der AN in Abhängigkeit von Schweregrad und Krankheitsdauer durchgeführt werden könnte.
Eine ambulante Entzugsbehandlung von Kratom bei sozialer Phobie: psychotherapeutische Praxis trifft suchtpsychiatrische Institutsambulanz
Authors: Schmid Petra , Leibfarth Markus , Uhlmann Carmen 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenarbeit
Hintergrund Weltweit wird von einer Zunahme des Konsums von Kratom berichtet. In Deutschland nicht als illegal eingestuft sind Wirkprofil und Entzugssymptomatik ähnlich wie bei Opiaten.
Material und Methoden Ein Patient stellte sich zur Behandlung seiner sozialen Phobie in einer niedergelassenen psychotherapeutischen Praxis vor. Ein problematischer Konsum von Kratom wurde offengelegt, die Behandlungsplanung entsprechend angepasst.
Ergebnisse Die körperliche Entzugsbehandlung wurde in Kooperation von der psychiatrischen Institutsambulanz und der psychotherapeutischen Praxis gemeinsam durchgeführt. Abstinenzsicherung und Behandlung der sozialen Phobie sind nun anstehende Ziele in der psychotherapeutischen Praxis.
Diskussion Der Konsum von Kratom ist verbreiteter als augenscheinlich angenommen. Eine Entgiftung kann ambulant durchgeführt werden.
Schlussfolgerungen Der Fall unterstreicht die Bedeutung einer ausführlichen Suchtanamnese, vor allem aber der einzelfallbezogenen Kooperation der Niedergelassenen mit den psychiatrischen Kliniken.
Harnsteinbefunde bei Katzen aus Deutschland in den Jahren 2016–2020
Authors: Breu Doris , Müller Elisabeth 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungGegenstand Ziel der Studie war, die Verteilung und Häufigkeit unterschiedlicher Harnsteine von Katzen aus Deutschland zu erfassen sowie geschlechts-, alters-, und rassespezifische Unterschiede zu evaluieren.Material und Methode Im Zeitraum 2016–2020 wurden mittels Infrarotspektroskopie 3629 Harnsteinproben von Katzen aus Deutschland analysiert. 3330 Harnsteine stammten von Rassekatzen, die 22 Rassen zugeordnet werden konnten.Ergebnisse Die Harnsteine entfielen auf männlich kastrierte (45,3 %), weiblich kastrierte (35,3 %), männlich intakte (7,4 %) und weiblich intakte (6,3 %) Tiere. Das mediane Alter (Jahre) der Tiere war 7, variierte aber zwischen den unterschiedlichen Steinarten. Die häufigsten Steinarten waren: Kalziumoxalate (59,5 %), Struvite (33,7 %), Ammoniumurate (2 %), Kalziumphosphate (1,7 %), Cystine (0,7 %) und Xanthine (0,4 %). Männliche (59,4 %) und weibliche (59,2 %) Tiere hatten nahezu identische prozentuale Anteile an Kalziumoxalaten, während der Anteil bei Kastraten mit 60,2 % signifikant höher war als bei intakten Tieren (54,4 %; p = 0,01). Bei Struvitsteinen war der Anteil männlicher (32,6 %) geringer als der weiblicher Tiere (35,4 %; p = 0,08) und der Anteil der intakten Tiere (38,2 %) übertraf den der kastrierten Tiere signifikant (33,1 %; p = 0,02). Die Prävalenz der Kalziumoxalatsteine stieg im Untersuchungszeitraum um 6,6 %, während die der Struvitsteine 5,5 % abnahm. Einige Rassen (> 10 Individuen) zeigten eine signifikant gehäufte Neigung zur Bildung bestimmter Steinarten. Kalziumoxalate fanden sich signifikant häufiger bei Britisch Kurzhaar (85,2 %), Ragdoll (75 %), Scottish Fold (74,1 %) und Perserkatzen (72,4 %). Struvitsteine waren die dominierende Steinart bei Norwegischer Waldkatze (48,5 %), Britisch Langhaar (41,7 %), Europäisch Kurzhaar (41,7 %) und Sibirischer Waldkatze (36,8 %). Siamkatzen hatten den signifikant höchsten prozentualen Anteil an Cystinsteinen (16 %)Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Kalziumoxalate und Struvitsteine sind bei Katzen aus Deutschland die häufigsten Steinarten. Rasse-, alters-, geschlechts- und kastrationsspezifische Unterschiede wurden festgestellt.