bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chinese Parkinson's Disease Registry (CPDR): Study Design and Baseline Patient Characteristics
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxia , Liu Zhenhua , Zhou Xiaoting , Xiang Yaqin , Zhou Zhou , Zhao Yuwen , Pan Hongxu , Xu Qian , Chen Yase , Sun Qiying , Wu Xinyin , Tan Hongzhuan , Li Bin , Yuan Kai , Xie Yali , Liao Weihua , Hu Shuo , Zhu Jianping , Wu Xuehong , Li Jianhua , Wang Chunyu , Lei Lifang , Tang Jiayu , Liu Yonghong , Wu Heng , Huang Wei , Wang Tao , Xue Zheng , Wang Puqing , Zhang Zhentao , Xu Ping , Chen Ling , Wang Qing , Wang Xuejing , Cheng Oumei , Shen Yuefei , Liu Weiguo , Ye Min , You Yong , Li Jinchen , Yan Xinxiang , Guo Jifeng , Tang Beisha ,   for Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Multicenter Database and Collaborative Network in China (PD‐MDCNC)
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of large multicenter Parkinson's disease (PD) cohort studies and limited data on the natural history of PD in China.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to launch the Chinese Parkinson's Disease Registry (CPDR) and to report its protocol, cross‐sectional baseline data, and prospects for a comprehensive observational, longitudinal, multicenter study.MethodsThe CPDR recruited PD patients from 19 clinical sites across China between January 2018 and December 2020. Clinical data were collected prospectively using at least 17 core assessment scales. Patients were followed up for clinical outcomes through face‐to‐face interviews biennially.ResultsWe launched the CPDR in China based on the Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Multicenter Database and Collaborative Network (PD‐MDCNC). A total of 3148 PD patients were enrolled comprising 1623 men (51.6%) and 1525 women (48.4%). The proportions of early‐onset PD (EOPD, age at onset ≤50 years) and late‐onset PD (LOPD) were 897 (28.5%) and 2251 (71.5%), respectively. Stratification by age at onset showed that EOPD manifested milder motor and nonmotor phenotypes and was related to increased probability of dyskinesia. Comparison across genders suggested a slightly older average age at PD onset, milder motor symptoms, and a higher rate of developing levodopa‐induced dyskinesias in women.ConclusionsThe CPDR is one of the largest multicenter, observational, longitudinal, and natural history studies of PD in China. It offers an opportunity to expand the understanding of clinical features, genetic, imaging, and biological markers of PD progression. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Nutrition considerations in pediatric surgical patients
Authors: Martins Debby S. , Piper Hannah G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChildren who require surgical interventions are subject to physiologic stress, necessitating a period of healing when nutrition needs may temporarily change. Providing appropriate nutrition to children before and after surgery is an important part of minimizing surgical morbidity. There is a clear link between poor nutrition and surgical outcomes, therefore providing good reason for ensuring an appropriate nutrition plan is in place for children requiring surgery. This review will address recent research investigating nutrition considerations for pediatric surgical patients with a focus on practical tools to guide decision making in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods.
Prenatal methotrexate injection increases behaviors possibly associated with depression and/or autism in rat offspring; A new animal model for mental disorder, based on folate metabolism deficit during pregnancy
Authors: Amada Naoki , Kakumoto Yusuke , Futamura Takashi , Maeda Kenji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeficiency of folate, an essential vitamin for DNA synthesis and methylation, is reported as a risk factor for mental disorders. Considering a possibility that folate metabolism deficit during pregnancy may disturb CNS development and increase mental disorders in offspring, we treated pregnant rats with methotrexate (MTX), an inhibitor of folate metabolic enzyme, and evaluated offspring behaviors.MethodsSaline or MTX was intraperitoneally administered to female SD rats on gestational day 17. Offspring behaviors were evaluated during approximately 6–9 weeks old; prepulse inhibition (PPI), social interaction (SI), locomotor activity (LA), and forced swimming test (FST) for evaluation of schizophrenia, depression, and autism related behaviors; the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the light–dark box (LD) test for evaluation of anxiety.ResultsCompared to saline‐treated group, MTX‐treated group showed decrease of SI and increase of immobility time in FST. In addition, increases of time spent in the light box and shuttling between the light–dark boxes were observed in LD test. On the other hand, no changes were confirmed in EPM, LA, and PPI.ConclusionDecrease of SI and increase of immobility time in FST may suggest association of this animal model with depression and/or autism. Increase of time spent in the light box and shuttling between the light–dark boxes may indicate changes in anxiety or cognitive level to environment, or repetitive behaviors in autism. Although further studies are warranted to characterize this animal model, at least we can say that prenatal MTX exposure, possibly causing folate metabolism deficit, affects offspring behaviors.
Organosilica coating layer prevents aging of a polymer with intrinsic microporosity
Authors: Rubner Jens , Stellmann Leonie , Mertens Ann‐Kathrin , Tepper Maik , Roth Hannah , Kleines Lara , Dahlmann Rainer , Wessling Matthias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study tracks the physical aging behavior of coated and uncoated ultra‐thin poly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) (PTMSP) films on silicon wafers based on the refractive index using ellipsometry. The measured refractive index directly correlates with the free volume and hence the physical aging progression. Plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) creates coatings with different thicknesses and oxidation degrees onto PTMSP films. Compared to uncoated PTMSP films, the PECVD‐coated films show a reduction of the refractive index increase of more than two orders of magnitude for less than 10 nm thin SiOx coatings. In contrast, SiOCH films show only a minor impact. The results reveal the superior physical aging behavior of PECVD‐coated films compared to untreated PTMSP films.
High‐Efficiency Adsorptive Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Natural Red Clay and ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Moghazy Marwa A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhenol, a highly toxic compound, is a common hazardous chemical. Hence, eco‐friendly and cost‐effective technology for phenol elimination is required. The present study presents a comprehensive study to eliminate phenol compounds via an adsorption technique using ZnO nanoparticles and natural red clay as adsorbents. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Burnauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analyses were conducted for adsorbent surfaces characterization. The impacts of various effects, such as pH and the adsorbent dose on the phenol removal efficiency are described. The results reveal that both ZnO and clay adsorbents removed 99.4 % of phenol at the optimum adsorbent dose of 0.6 g\L and 1 g\L with pH 8 and 2, respectively. The isotherm adsorption data for phenol fitted into Langmuir for the two adsorbents. Yet, the ZnO nanoparticle surface showed a higher capacity (342.72 mg\g) than the natural clay surface (84.01 mg\g). ZnO nanoparticles removed phenol from polluted water at a smaller dose (0.6 g\L) than natural clay (1 g\L). In conclusion, the two adsorbents showed high efficiency in the phenol compound removal.
The Effect of Surface Roughness of Magnetic Particles on the Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Performance of Fe3O4/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Hybrids
Authors: Zheng Wen , Li Yiru , Zhang Aibo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently, for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials, a considerable literature has testified the significant role of structures, composition, morphologies and interface in the enhancement of absorbing properties. However, far too little attention has been paid to the intensive research of surface morphology of Fe3O4 particles. The objective of this paper is to research the influence of Fe3O4 morphology on absorbing performance of Fe3O4/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) hybrids. The morphology of Fe3O4 particles was adjusted by the templating agent content of NH4HCO3 and NH4Ac in hydrothermal process. Of importance, we proposed to quantify the difference of Fe3O4 morphology by surface roughness. The surface roughness of three Fe3O4 particles are characterized by atomic force microscopes (AFM), which were 13.1 nm, 21.3 nm and 32.4 nm, respectively. The three absorbing hybrids were prepared via blending Fe3O4 particles with MWCNTs, and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of the three hybrids were −24.89 dB, −30.88 dB and −41.00 dB, respectively. The results indicated that the Fe3O4 with larger surface roughness tends to exhibit better EMW absorbing performance. It can be inferred that the greater roughness of Fe3O4 particles is an important factor to enhance EMW absorbing properties of Fe3O4/MWCNTs hybrids.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Sulfite Ion Sensor Based on Biochemically Stable Iodo‐Functionalized Coumarin Fluorophores
Authors: Bhasin Aman K. K. , Chauhan Pooja , Chaudhary Savita , Umar Ahmad , Baskoutas Sotirios 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBelonging to the class of sulfur oxyanions, the physiologically prevalent sulfite (SO32−) species has been serving as a popular synthetic additive to enhance the shelf life of a plethora of foods and beverages like bread and wine. On the contrary, an impermissible endogenous accumulation of this reactive sulfur species via multiple factors has been concerned in the functioning of skin disorders and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Accordingly, a pivotal role of sulfite in food quality and human health warrants a reliable analytical technique for the rapid and sensitive detection of SO32− ions in environmental specimens. This article features a new‐fangled iodo‐functionalized coumarin molecule (D), followed by an exploration of its analytical utility as a selectively sensitive sensor for SO32− ions via “switch‐on” fluorescence. In stark contrast to its poorly ion‐discriminating iodine‐free analogue (E) as reported in the literature, the new fluorophore D was capable of rapidly sniffing out sulfite ions (∼3 min) in a specific range of 1000–1 μM, in the back‐drop of a diverse array of environmentally relevant anions at an ultra‐low concentration of 77 nM in semi‐aqueous medium by using simple and cheap fluorescence spectroscopy. The formed sensor found highly selective and sensitive in presence of wide variety of interfering ions and biothiols, which suggest their extreme utilization in the real samples. According to best of our knowledge, it is the first report, which can detection sulfite ion at very low concentration level and it work efficiently under UV‐illumination with bright fluorescence. A comparable sensitivity of D towards the target analyte (SO32− ions) was also recorded in real samples i. e. fresh real water samples and fresh juice specimens.
Surfactant‐Assisted Dilute Phosphoric Acid Plus Steam Explosion of Poplar for Fermentable Sugar Production
Authors: Tong Denghui , Zhan Peng , Zhang Weifeng , Zhou Yongcai , Huang Yilei , Qing Yan , Chen Jienan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether based nonionic surfactant named JFC−M was introduced into a dilute phosphoric acid plus steam explosion of poplar for the enhancement of fermentable sugar production. Factors influenced the pretreatment efficiency such as JFC−M, phosphoric acid, steam explosion pressure, and residence time were optimized by single factor and orthogonal test. An 86.3 % cellulose recovery rate was achieved. Besides, an 85.7 % enzymatic saccharification rate was obtained under the optimized parameters as follows: 1 : 2.5 solid/liquid rate, 2 h pre‐soaking time, 1.0 v/v% JFC−M, 2.0 wt% phosphoric acid, 2.2 MPa steam explosion pressure, 120 s residence time. The morphological and structural characteristics of samples before and after pretreatment were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared techniques, showing that the adding of JFC−M was of a notable influence on overcoming the biomass recalcitrance of feedstock and boosting cellulose digestion.
Efficient Self‐Supported Bifunctional NiMo Alloy Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting in Alkaline Environment
Authors: Wang Yechen , Wang Yange , Bai Jing , Lau Woon‐Ming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHydrogen attracts researchers′ attention because its combustion products are very clean and will not pollute the environment. Electrocatalytic water splitting is a sustainable hydrogen energy production technology, which splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. In electrocatalytic water splitting, high activity catalysts can reduce the potential barrier of catalytic reaction and speed up the reaction, among which transition metal alloy catalysts have attracted extensive attention in the application of electrocatalysis due to their excellent electrochemical activity, stability and easy preparation. In this paper, the NiMoO4 precursor was firstly synthesized by the facile hydrothermal reaction, and then the self‐supported NiMo alloy was synthesized by annealing. The results indicate that NiMo alloy has efficient hydrogen evolution activity (34 mV) and oxygen evolution activity (279 mV) at 10 mA cm−2. More importantly, the water splitting system consisting of NiMo alloys demonstrates excellent performance and stability. At 10 mA cm−2, the voltage is 1.489 V, and it can be stable for at least 10 hours at 70 mA cm−2. This study can provide some ideas for the study of water splitting electrocatalysts.
Al‐modified Mesoporous SiO2‐matrix‐supported Uniform CeO2 Nanodots with Superior Catalytic Efficiency in DCE Combustion
Authors: Deng Jianwei , Xue Fan , Huo Can , Zhao Yuanbiao , Li Lei , Liu Qing , Cui Mifen , Qiao Xu , Fei Zhaoyang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdjusting the acidity and/or oxygen species on the surface of metal oxide nanostructures could fabricate the high active and durable catalysts for the combustion of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs). Herein, Al‐modified mesoporous SiO2 matrix supported uniform CeO2 nanodots (CeO2@xAlSiO2) was synthesized and evaluated in dichloroethane (DCE) catalytic combustion. From the systematic study of the texture structure, surface properties, and catalytic activity, we deduced that the improved surface acidity and oxygen species activity enhanced the DCE conversion and reduced the formation of chlorinated organic byproduct, while increasing the formation of the desired product, HCl. The optimized CeO2@0.5AlSiO2 sample showed superior activity (90 % conversion of DCE at 260 °C), excellent durability (at 280 °C for 60 h) and good tolerance towards moisture (in 1 % and 3 % moisture for 10 h, respectively). Our work identified the important role of surface acidity and oxygen species over these functionalized catalysts, providing guidance for the advanced catalyst design.
Iodine Catalysed Tandem Stereoselective Acetalation‐Glycosylation of Reducing Sugars Using Acetals/Ketals: Application in the Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Nucleosides
Authors: Banday Junaid Shafi , Ahmed Ajaz , Mukherjee Debaraj 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA convenient and efficient one pot method has been developed for molecular iodine catalysed tandem synthesis of acetonide protected O‐glycosides from reducing sugars and acetals/ketals. Various free sugars reacted smoothly with both acetals and ketals to form orthogonally protected O‐glycosides in good yields at room temperature. The method works well in the presence of various external alcohols. Acetonide protected methyl ribofuranoside thus formed was utilized for the synthesis of C‐5 protected ribonucleoside derivative.
Authorship and typification of Rubiaceae names published by A.P. de Candolle and A. Richard revisited
Authors: Kirkbride Joseph H. , Wiersema John H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe taxonomic work of A. Richard on the Rubiaceae was shared with A.P. de Candolle, who was simultaneously working on the family for his Prodromus treatment. Due to delays in the publication of Richard's work, many of his new names and descriptions first appeared in Candolle's publication. While the new names were ascribed to Richard, the descriptions were not, so authorship of the names is cited as “A.Rich. ex DC.” or simply “DC.” Typification of the names involved thus depends primarily on Candolle's publication, not that of Richard.
Evolution of osmosensing OSCA1 Ca2+ channel family coincident with plant transition from water to land
Authors: Wu Xiaomei , Yuan Fang , Wang Xuewen , Zhu Shan , Pei Zhen‐Ming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWater is crucial to plant growth, development, and environmental adaptation. Water stress triggers cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) increases, and the osmosensor OSCA1 (REDUCED‐HYPEROSMOLALITY‐INDUCED‐[Ca2+]i‐INCREASE 1), a member of the OSCA family, perceives the initial water stress and governs its downstream responses. OSCA homologs exist in eukaryotes and largely radiate in higher plants. However, it is enigmatic whether the OSCA family is crucial for plant evolution from aqueous to terrestrial environments and for the subsequent adaptation on land. Here, we carried out the first phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses of the OSCA family. The family originated and diversified during the early evolution of protists, and three more lineages were established (a) in plants, (b) in fungi, and (c) in a complex clade of several major eukaryotic lineages. The chlorophyte algal cluster is directly basal to streptophyte‐specific Clades 1–3, consistent with plant transition from water to land. The Clades 1–3 present different gene expansion pattern and together with previous functional analysis of OSCAs reveal that they probably have evolved diverse functions in respond to various mechanical stresses during the independent evolution of land plant clades. Moreover, variable selection pressures on different land plant lineages were explored. OSCAs in early land plants (mosses and lycophytes) were under decelerated evolution, whereas OSCAs in seed plants showed accelerated evolution. Together, we hypothesize OSCAs have evolved to sense water stress in the ancestor of euphyllophytes, which occupies typical leaves, typical roots, and phloem tissues, all of which require osmosensors to maintain water balance and food conduction through plant bodies.
Climbing the Ladder? Community Perspectives on Learning to Be a Good Citizen in Uganda
Authors: Bananuka Twine H. , Kontinen Tiina , Holma Katariina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the ways in which members of a rural community in Western Uganda perceive and conceptualize diverse ways of learning to be a good citizen. It analyzes data generated by means of a tool called the ‘ladder of citizenship’, which facilitated explication of local ideas concerning good citizenship, and reflections on how one can ‘climb the ladder’, thus learning to be a better citizen. The chapter draws on, first, the concept of cultural citizenship, which understands citizenship as a continuous learning process that takes place through interaction in informal settings, and second, the notion of folk pedagogies that refers to people’s own conceptualizations of learning. The chapter establishes how the idea of good citizenship revolves mainly around one’s role in the local community. It further identifies five categories of participants’ ideas of learning citizenship, including heredity (obuzalirwaana), religion (ediini), copying and observation (kukopa), challenges (ebizibu) and education and training (kusomesebwa).
From Reactivity to Sustainable Citizenship: Perspectives from Braidotti’s Philosophy
Authors: Itkonen Anna , Holma Katariina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn response to the polarisation and environmental crises of our times, relationally oriented vocabularies have arisen to challenge the ideal of an autonomous rational subject central to traditional humanism and liberal individualism. This chapter contributes to the theme of the book by linking citizenship to the new materialist philosopher Rosi Braidotti’s relational view of agency. The authors introduce two Braidotti-inspired modes of agency—sustainable citizenship and reactivity—and elucidate the latter in the context of populism. In sustainable citizenship, subjects are driven by affirmative relations, which form the basis for diverse and sustainable communities. Reactivity appears as its counterforce, where negative affects and discursive power—tied to unitary identities and fixed representations—diminish the subjects’ capacity to connect and relate to others. The chapter argues that sustainable citizenship calls for educational practices that allow for the critical examination of self-representations and offer tools to overcome habitual, dialectical modes of meaning-making.
Einleitung
Authors: Ametowobla Dzifa 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungMit der vorliegenden Arbeit führe ich Erkenntnisse aus verschiedenen soziologischen Debatten über digitale Technik zusammen und biete eine Antwort auf die Frage an, wie Software im Sozialen relevant wird. Ich stelle dabei die Themen Macht und Kontrolle in den Mittelpunkt und betrachte Software als Artefakt, welches immer auch geschaffen und genutzt wird, um die Unsicherheiten des Sozialen zu kontrollieren. Mit diesem Fokus schließe ich an eine lange Tradition der soziologischen Auseinandersetzung mit digitaler Technik an (Beniger 1986; Zuboff 1988). Gleichzeitig nehme ich dadurch die primär instrumentelle Perspektive auf, mit der Software in der Regel von Informatiker*innen und auch von den meisten anderen Akteur*innen betrachtet wird, die sie konstruieren und nutzen. Diese instrumentelle Perspektive basiert auf einer Annahme, die mit dem konstruktivistischen Blick, mit dem ich in der vorliegenden Arbeit auf Software schaue, deutlich erkennbar wird. Diese Annahme lautet: Soziales kann über Software gezielt kontrolliert werden. Worauf diese Annahme fußt, wer sie aufstellt und welche Auseinandersetzungen geführt werden, um sie aufrecht zu erhalten, wird in dieser Arbeit beschrieben. Mein Ziel ist es, eine soziologische Perspektive auf Software zu entwickeln, mit der diese Auseinandersetzungen sichtbar gemacht werden können. Diese Perspektive soll es Soziolog*innen ermöglichen, die Besonderheiten digitaler Technik ernst zu nehmen, ohne ihre Bedeutung für das Soziale zu überhöhen.
Die Komplexität von Software aus soziologischer Perspektive: Modelle, Unsicherheiten und Rekursivität
Authors: Ametowobla Dzifa 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel nutze ich die Komplexität von Software, die in diesem Zitat aus dem „Duden Informatik“ thematisiert wird, als Ausgangspunkt, um die Probleme zu skizzieren, die im Kern einer Soziologie der Software stehen, wie sie in der vorliegenden Arbeit verstanden wird. Zu diesem Zweck lege ich erstens die Grundprinzipien dar, auf denen Software basiert. Ich stelle zweitens verallgemeinert vor, wie die sozialen Prozesse ablaufen, in denen Software entwickelt und genutzt wird, welche Akteur*innengruppen daran beteiligt sind und wie diese Prozesse durch die sozialen Systeme, also Organisationen, Projekte o.ä., beeinflusst werden, in denen sie stattfinden.