bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of maize yield to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur rates on Andosols and Nitisols in Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Israel , Lulie Belstie , Habte Mulugeta , Boke Shiferaw , Hailu Gebreslasie , Mariam Estifanos H. , Ahmed Jemal Seid , Abera Wuletawu , Sileshi Gudeta W. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe use of fertilizers in balanced and adequate amounts is a prerequisite for increasing crop productivity and production. Unbalanced plant nutrient management continues to be a major factor contributing to low maize (Zea maysL.) yields due to lack of information on the dose–responses to macronutrients on different soil types in Ethiopia. This study was carried out to quantify maize yield response and agronomic efficiency of varying application rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) under balanced application of other nutrients across two soil types in Ethiopia. Field trials were set up on 29 farmers’ fields in four districts of Oromia and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR) for three consecutive cropping seasons (2014–2017). The treatments consisted of six rates of N, P and S each and eight rates of K combined with balanced application of the remaining macronutrients, zinc (Zn) and boron (B). The treatments were laid out in randomised complete blocks design with three replicates per farm. Using nutrient dose–response modelling, the agronomic optimum rates of N, P, K and S were estimated at 46, 40, 17 and 10 kg ha−1on Nitisols, with balanced application of the other nutrients. On Andosols, the optimum rates of N, P and S were estimated at 184, 20 and 30 kg ha−1, respectively, but the optimum K rate could not be estimated. The predicted maximum yields obtained with balanced nutrient application were lower on Andosols (3397–3640 kg ha−1) than on Nitisols (4630–6094 kg ha−1). Using the Mitscherlich dose–response model, the percentage deficiencies of N, P, K and S were estimated to be 1.3–3.3 times more on Nitisols than Andosols. Consequently, agronomic efficiencies of N, P, K and S were significantly lower on Andosols than on Nitisols. It is concluded that balanced application of 46 kg N ha−1, 40 kg P ha−1, 17 kg K ha−1, 10 kg ha−1S, 2 kg Zn ha−1and 0.5 kg B ha−1could be recommended for maize on Nitisols in the study area. Although this recommendation may also apply to Andosol, further research is needed as the productivity of Andosols appears to be limited by constrains other than N, P, K, S, Zn and B. We also recommend a shift from the blanket fertilizer recommendations to site-specific nutrient management based on good understanding of the variations in crop response with soil type and agroecology and appropriate soil and plant analyses.
Evaluating an integrated nutrition and mathematics curriculum: primary school teachers’ and students’ experiences
Authors: Follong Berit M , Prieto-Rodriguez Elena , Miller Andrew , Collins Clare E , Bucher Tamara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:To present the process evaluation of a curricular Cross-curricular Unit on Portion Size (CUPS) program that integrates nutrition and mathematics, describing teacher and student perspectives on the intervention.Design:Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted following the implementation of the CUPS program during a pilot randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate efficacy for improved portion size estimation. Lessons involved experiential learning using food models and mathematics cubes and focussed on portion size, food groups, volume and capacity. Data were collected immediately post-intervention and analysed using an inductive thematic approach.Setting:Primary schools in Newcastle, Australia.Participants:Year 3 and/or 4 teachers (n 3) and their students (n 15).Results:Teachers believed the programme supported the learning of nutrition concepts, with the majority of students enjoying the lessons, cubes and food models. Teachers indicated most students were engaged and became more aware of healthy eating and serve size recommendation. Although teachers enjoyed and valued the lessons, they suggested that the integration of volume and capacity should be further improved in order to address the time barrier for teaching nutrition.Conclusion:The process evaluation reports on challenges and successes of implementing an integrative nutrition programme. This teaching approach could be useful and successful when aligned with teacher’ and student’ needs. Based on participant feedback, lessons could be refined to enhance integration of mathematics content and to support student learning.
A Brief History of Updates of Answer-Set Programs
Authors: LEITE JOÃO , SLOTA MARTIN 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the last couple of decades, there has been a considerable effort devoted to the problem of updating logic programs under the stable model semantics (a.k.a. answer-set programs) or, in other words, the problem of characterising the result of bringing up-to-date a logic program when the world it describes changes. Whereas the state-of-the-art approaches are guided by the same basic intuitions and aspirations as belief updates in the context of classical logic, they build upon fundamentally different principles and methods, which have prevented a unifying framework that could embrace both belief and rule updates. In this paper, we will overview some of the main approaches and results related to answer-set programming updates, while pointing out some of the main challenges that research in this topic has faced.
The WTO at the Crossroads: How to Avoid the China Syndrome?
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C. , Sapir André 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe commonplace narrative regarding China's participation in the WTO is that the original expectations have not been matched in subsequent experience. China has not behaved in accordance with the spirit (and sometimes the letter) of its commitments. Reactions by trading partners have been from critical to hostile, and some have even called for a WTO without China, ignoring the boost to international trade that China's accession has provoked. Yet, China's participation in the WTO cannot remain un-addressed. The US almost brought the WTO to its knees largely because of China, and the EU has enacted laws to counteract China's trade expansion. In this short paper, we argue that the solution to the China-issue passes through an addition and re-invigoration of the multilateral trade rules.
Considering the Adaptive Cycle and Resilience of the Ecosystem to Define Reference Conditions for Wetland Restoration
Authors: Liu Hanxiang , Gao Chuanyu , Wang Guoping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEcosystem resilience to pressures expanding and contracting within the adaptive cycle as slow variables change. However, little is known about their role in defining reference conditions for wetland restoration. Here, we applied paleoecological data of two wetlands that have been degraded (Honghe, riparian peatland) and disappeared (Shenjiadian, valley peatland) to evaluate ecosystem resilience to anthropogenic pressures as the phases of the adaptive cycle progress. The slow variables of plants and diatoms gradually began to change from moisture to dry loving species under severe disturbances in the late 1970s. Then regime shift took place around 1990 CE (Current Era) based on a sequential T‐test analysis and F statistics on the slow variables. A drop in water level caused by human activities rather than climate moisture led to regime shifts in Honghe and Shenjiadian wetlands. Therefore, the ecosystem were in the conservation phase before the late 1970s, and were in the reorganization phase after 1990 CE. The ecosystems had high resilience and a stable state at the early conservation phase, and its characteristics can be used as reference conditions for wetland restoration. The reference water level was 11–13 cm and the NH4‐N ranged from 0.8 to 1.2 mg/L. The dominant vegetation was Drepanocladus aduncus and the dominant diatom was Pinnularia brevicostata. The referred enrich factors of nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals were under 4.45, 2.12, and 1.11, respectively. Considering both adaptive cycle and resilience to define reference conditions can provide insight into the future restoration and management of wetland ecosystems worldwide.
Wildfire Smoke Effects on Lake‐Habitat Specific Metabolism: Toward a Conceptual Understanding
Authors: Scordo Facundo , Sadro Steven , Culpepper Joshua , Seitz Carina , Chandra Sudeep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe impacts of wildfire smoke on lake habitats remains unclear. We determined the metabolic response to smoke in the epi‐pelagic and two littoral habitats in Castle Lake, California. We compared light regime, gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem production in years with and without smoke. During the smoke period incident ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) decreased by 53% and 28%, respectively, while the water column extinction coefficient of UV‐B and PAR increased by 20% and 18% respectively. Epi‐pelagic productivity increased during smoke cover because of decreased solar inputs. PAR values remained sufficient to saturate productivity, suggesting observed differences were primarily the result of changes in UV‐B. Littoral‐benthic productivity did not change, possibly reflecting adaptation to high‐intensity UV‐B light in these habitats. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how prolonged wildfire smoke alters the amount of energy produced from specific habitats in lakes.
The Origin of Midlatitude Plasma Depletions Detected During the 12 February 2000 and 29 October 2003 Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Kil Hyosub , Chang Hyeyeon , Lee Woo Kyoung , Paxton Larry J. , Sun Andrew K. , Lee Jiyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLarge amplitude plasma density irregularities have occasionally been detected at night in the midlatitudeFregion during geomagnetic storms. They are often interpreted in terms of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) because midlatitude irregularities have the morphology of EPBs. This study assesses whether morphology can be a determining factor in ascribing the origin of such midlatitude ionospheric irregularities. We address this question by analyzing the observations of the First Republic of China satellite (ROCSAT‐1) and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)‐F14 and ‐F15 satellites during the geomagnetic storms on 12 February 2000 and 29 October 2003. On both days, ROCSAT‐1 detects plasma depletions at midlatitudes in broad longitude regions and DMSP satellites detect isolated severe plasma depletions whose widths and depths are much wider and deeper than those of typical EPBs. The distinguishing characteristics during the storms are the detection of midlatitude depletions only in the Southern Hemisphere and the occurrence of some of these depletions before 19 hr local time and at the longitudes where EPBs are absent in the equatorial region. These characteristics are not explained satisfactorily by the characteristics of EPBs. Considering the detection of some of the midlatitude depletions at the equatorward edge of ionospheric perturbations in midlatitudes, midlatitude depletions are likely ionospheric perturbations that originated from higher latitudes. Because midlatitude depletions can originate from different sources, the morphology alone is not a determining factor of their origin.
Velocity and Anisotropic Structure of the Uppermost Mantle Beneath Central America and Northwestern South America From Pn Tomography
Authors: Lü Yan , Li Juan , He Yuhui , Zhao Lian‐Feng , Zhang Jinhai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe constructed the first Pn velocity and anisotropy model of the uppermost mantle in Central America and northwestern South America using the Pn tomography method and new ISC‐EHB data. Significantly low Pn velocities and arc‐parallel anisotropic structures are observed beneath the volcanic arc in Central America. The separate, low Pn velocity beneath the back‐arc volcano in Nicaragua shows that the hot material upwelling in the uppermost mantle beneath this volcano is likely separated from the main volcanic arc. The stable Caribbean Plate is characterized by high Pn velocities. The southward subduction and dehydration of the Caribbean Plate seem to be potential causes of the low Pn velocities in eastern Panama. Based on our Pn velocity, anisotropy and previous geological observations, we suggest a dynamic model of the Colombia‐Ecuador region including mantle flow and magmatic gap: there is arc‐parallel anisotropy in the uppermost mantle beneath the Colombia‐Ecuador volcanic arc, arc‐perpendicular mantle flow in the deeper mantle beneath the subducted plate, and a magmatic gap near the Caldas Tear.
Unsupervised Clustering of Argo Temperature and Salinity Profiles in the Mid‐Latitude Northwest Pacific Ocean and Revealed Influence of the Kuroshio Extension Variability on the Vertical Structure Distribution
Authors: Sambe Fumika , Suga Toshio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the mid‐latitude northwest Pacific Ocean, subtropical, and subarctic waters meet, intermingle, and mix to form multiple ocean domains characterized by a variety of unique oceanographic structures. The majority of previous studies on the characteristics and distribution of these ocean structures were based on existing definitions of the structure and water mass of interest derived from spatiotemporally limited data. With the massive and spatiotemporal unbiased data accumulated by Argo, data‐driven scientific methods may be able to objectively recapture the ocean structure. In this study, we used unsupervised clustering to analyze the temperature and salinity profiles from Argo float in the mid‐latitude northwest Pacific Ocean, and the results were compared to previous knowledge of ocean structure. The results showed that classes were distributed to form specific regions and each class has different oceanographic features that generally correspond to the previously described regional divisions. A striking advantage of this new method is that it quantifies the relative abundance of each class of profiles on a 1° grid. Furthermore, we discovered that the dynamic state of Kuroshio Extension (KE) affects the distribution of some classes and the percentage of profiles that are robust to clustering. This suggests that the stability of the KE flow path has an effect on the distribution of ocean structure. These findings suggest that unsupervised clustering is useful in the analysis of oceanographic structures, allowing us to investigate oceanographic structures in areas that have not previously been extensively studied.
The Behaviors of Intraseasonal Cloud Organization During DYNAMO/AMIE
Authors: Sakaeda Naoko , Torri Giuseppe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the organization of tropical convection associated with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) during the Dynamics of the MJO/Atmospheric Radiation Measurement MJO Investigation Experiment field campaign. While it is known that tropical clouds can organize and impact the large‐scale environment, how this occurs, and its underlying mechanism are not fully understood. Application of several existing cloud organization indices showed inconsistent evolutions in the measured degree of organization with the MJO. The inconsistency arises from the varying definitions and assumptions of cloud organization behaviors that are applied to each index. While these indices often combine different properties of clouds, such as their number density, size, and distance between them, the analysis of these properties separately provided further understanding of how clouds organize with the MJO. Using the rainfall clusters identified from the S‐Polka radar, we find that deep convective rainfall clusters begin to increase their number density before the arrival of MJO enhanced convective center, which is accompanied by increased proximity (shorter distance to each other) and followed by growth in their size. However, the nonrandomness in the spatial distribution of rainfall clusters maximizes as MJO convection decays. Deep convective clusters become the least randomly distributed as the clusters decay because of the suppression and decay of isolated deep convective cells, while clustered deep convective cells exist longer. This evolution of cloud organization is analogous to mesoscale convective systems, indicating that the duration and frequency of their organization stages are altered by the large‐scale environmental perturbations associated with the MJO.
A Design Method of Harmonic Mixers Based on Schottky Diodes Applied for Millimeter Wave Components
Authors: Jiang Yiyi , Gu Xiya , Cui Can 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOn the basic theory of millimeter wave mixing technology, harmonic mixers in multiple different frequency bands are systematically studied. This paper innovatively establishes a 3D model of the diode, gives it material properties, and uses magnetic field circuit software for co‐simulation, and finally develops a beautifully structured W‐band 89 GHz sub‐harmonic mixer. Simulation and test results show that when the local oscillator (LO) is fixed at 45 GHz, the conversion loss of the LO at 84–94 GHz is better than 14 dB, and the minimum conversion loss is 9 dB. The actual test results are relatively consistent with the simulation trend.
Numerical Simulation of Atmospheric Lamb Waves Generated by the 2022 Hunga‐Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Amores Angel , Monserrat Sebastian , Marcos Marta , Argüeso Daniel , Villalonga Joan , Jordà Gabriel , Gomis Damià 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOn 15 January 2022, around 4:30 UTC the eruption of the Hunga‐Tonga volcano, in the South Pacific Ocean, generated a violent underwater explosion. In addition to tsunami waves that affected the Pacific coasts, the eruption created atmospheric pressure disturbances that spread out in the form of Lamb waves. The associated atmospheric pressure oscillations were detected in high‐frequency in‐situ observations all over the globe. Here we take advantage of the similarities in the propagation and characteristics between atmospheric Lamb waves and long ocean waves and we use a 2DH ocean numerical model to simulate the phenomenon. We compare the outputs of the numerical simulation with in‐situ atmospheric pressure records and with remote satellite observations. The signal in the model matches the observed atmospheric pressure perturbations and reveals an excellent agreement in the wave arrival time between model and observations at hundreds of locations at different distances from the origin.
Differential vulnerability of adult neurogenic niches to dosage of the neurodevelopmental-disorder linked gene Foxg1
Authors: Schäffner Iris , Wittmann Marie-Theres , Vogel Tanja , Lie D. Chichung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe transcription factor FOXG1 serves pleiotropic functions in brain development ranging from the regulation of precursor proliferation to the control of cortical circuit formation. Loss-of-function mutations and duplications of FOXG1 are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in humans illustrating the importance of FOXG1 dosage for brain development. Aberrant FOXG1 dosage has been found to disrupt the balanced activity of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We report that FOXG1 is expressed in the main adult neurogenic niches in mice, i.e. the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subependymal zone/olfactory bulb system, where neurogenesis of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons persists into adulthood. These niches displayed differential vulnerability to increased FOXG1 dosage: high FOXG1 levels severely compromised survival and glutamatergic dentate granule neuron fate acquisition in the hippocampal neurogenic niche, but left neurogenesis of GABAergic neurons in the subependymal zone/olfactory bulb system unaffected. Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed a significantly higher expression of the apoptosis-linked nuclear receptor Nr4a1 in FOXG1-overexpressing hippocampal neural precursors. Strikingly, pharmacological interference with NR4A1 function rescued FOXG1-dependent death of hippocampal progenitors. Our results reveal differential vulnerability of neuronal subtypes to increased FOXG1 dosage and suggest that activity of a FOXG1/NR4A1 axis contributes to such subtype-specific response.
Comparative cost analysis of different prosthetic rehabilitations for the edentulous maxilla: early results from a randomized clinical pilot study
Authors: Ghiasi Peyman , Petrén Sofia , Chrcanovic Bruno , Larsson Christel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives/aim
To analyze and compare costs of different prosthetic rehabilitations for the edentulous maxilla.

Materials and methods
Patients with edentulous maxillae were rehabilitated with either of three implant-supported prosthetic protocols; removable overdenture supported by 2 implants (ISOD 2), fixed dental prostheses supported by 4 (ISFAFDP 4) or 6 (ISFAFDP 6) implants. Cost of treatment and costs during follow-up were registered and compared.

Results
Twenty-four patients were included: six patients received ISOD 2 treatment, eight patients received ISFADP 4 treatment and ten patients received ISFADP 6 treatment. Initial costs for ISFAFDP 6 were higher than costs for ISFAFDP 4 and ISOD 2, but there were no differences in cost for maintenance i.e., the ISOD treatment remained the least costly treatment alternative after 1-year follow-up.

Discussion
The lack of difference in cost for maintenance and repair over the first year suggests that implant-supported overdentures will remain the least costly treatment option for the edentulous maxilla, at least in a short-term perspective.

Conclusions
Removable maxillary overdentures supported by 2 implants may be a valid low cost treatment option.
Total circulating microRNA level as an independent prognostic marker for risk stratification in breast cancer
Authors: Gahlawat Aoife Ward , Fahed Lavinia , Witte Tania , Schott Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough breast cancer (BC) has a high survival rate, relapse events may occur which ultimately lead to aggressive disease. Circulating cell-free microRNAs (cf-miRNAs) are a promising minimally invasive biomarker with diagnostic and/or prognostic potential. Unfortunately, there is still no consensus as to a universal cf-miRNA biomarker in BC and there has been no clinical implementation until now. One major limitation is the technical variation with cf-miRNA isolation and specific quantification methods.MethodsIn this study, we assessed the total levels of cf-miRNAs as a potential prognostic marker for BC in 356 plasma samples from 250 BC patients.ResultsHigh levels of cf-miRNAs significantly correlated with unfavourable clinical features including tumour stage, load and the presence of metastasis at diagnosis. With more than 9 years of follow-up, we could show that global cf-miRNA levels significantly correlated with cancer relapse which was confirmed in multivariate cox regression analysis. Finally, for a subset of patients where the serial plasma was available, levels of cf-miRNAs increased in the plasma prior to clinical detection of progressive disease and were massively elevated in patients who died compared to those still alive at the last timepoint of measurement.ConclusionsThis is the first study to suggest that total cf-miRNA levels in the blood can be used as an independent prognostic marker for BC.