bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friends or enemies: Multi‐species interactions among biofoulers, endoparasites and their gastropod hosts
Authors: Stanicka Anna , Szopieray Katarzyna , Migdalski Łukasz , Kobak Jarosław 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Parasites are a crucial factor that shapes the functioning of communities throughout the world, as are gregarious macrofoulers in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the effects of three‐way interactions between macrofoulers, endoparasites and their hosts. We predict that macrofouling and parasite infection may act (i) independently of each other, (ii) synergistically, increasing their final negative impact on the host or (iii) antagonistically, the former weakening the negative impact of the latter.

We investigated multiway relationships between an invasive freshwater filter‐feeding macrofouler (the zebra mussel), digenean endoparasite and their gastropod host, Viviparus viviparus. Furthermore, we checked the recruitment of mussels in living gastropods versus their empty shells.

We sampled living V. viviparus and their empty shells with attached dreissenids from a Polish dam reservoir. We counted and weighed attached mussels and determined wet weight, shell height and sex of gastropods. Then we dissected the molluscs to look for digenean larvae and gastropod embryos. We use these parameters to look for reciprocal associations between mussel fouling, parasitic infection and gastropod size and fertility, as well as to infer the most likely mechanisms of the observed relationships.

Dreissenid overgrowth was associated with reduced fertility and size of viviparids, but also with a lower prevalence of digenean metacercariae (Leucochloridiomorpha sp.). We did not observe a negative influence of these digeneans on their gastropod hosts. In addition, large living viviparids and their empty shells were equally used as substrates by dreissenids, but small living gastropods were more fouled than shells of the corresponding size.

A trade‐off exists in the studied system: filter‐feeding macrofoulers may bring some profits for their host, reducing the pressure of waterborne parasites (which may be crucial in the case of pathogenic species/life stages), although at the cost of the reduced growth and fertility of the host. Furthermore, mussels attached to mollusc hosts can exert a cascading effect on the reduced prevalence of digeneans in their final hosts, including those of medical or veterinary importance.
Landscape effects on pollinator abundance differ among taxonomic groups
Authors: Tsujimoto Shohei G. , Kim Ji Yoon , Noda Akira , Hiratsuka Yuki L. , Nishihiro Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how landscape composition affects pollinator abundance is crucial for conserving the sustainability of the symbiotic relationship between plants and pollinators. However, field evidence on the effect of landscape composition and spatial scales on the abundance of each pollinator group is biased toward bee pollinators, and non‐bee pollinators tend to be excluded. This study aims to evaluate the effect of landscape composition at various spatial scales on diverse taxonomic groups of pollinators, including non‐bee pollinators. We selected 22 grasslands with varying landscape compositions in Shiroi City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. We recorded the abundance of pollinators and floral resource availability at these sites. The effects of landscape composition within a 100–1000 m radius and the floral resource availability were analyzed using Bayesian generalized linear mixed models to determine whether these factors affected the abundance of each pollinator group. As a result, the difference in important factors among the pollinator groups was detected; Scoliidae, Lycaenidae, Stomorhina obsoleta, and Sphaerophoria were influenced by the landscape composition, whereas Bombus diversus and Hesperiidae were not. Scoliidae was affected by the proportion of agri‐field and forest areas within a 500–1000 m radius. St. obsoleta and Sphaerophoria showed different response patterns to the proportion of urban land within a 100 m radius. B. diversus and Hesperiidae were influenced by floral resource availability. Our study suggests that considering the spatial scales of landscape composition on the target species is essential to plan effective conservation measures.
Concordance of opioid exposure in all‐payer claims databases with prescription drug monitoring program database using Arkansas as a case example
Authors: Mahashabde Ruchira V. , Shrikhande Mriga A. , Han Xiaotong , Martin Bradley C. , ElHassan Nahed O. , Hayes Corey J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the concordance between and benefit of adding prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) data to all‐payer claims database (APCD) data for identifying and classifying opioid exposure among insured individuals.Data Sources and Study SettingArkansas APCD and PDMP.Study DesignEnrollees in APCD were classified as (1) true positives: if they received opioids in both databases, (2) false positives: if they only received opioids in APCD, (3) true negatives: if they had no opioid exposure in both databases, (4) false negatives: if they only received opioids in the PDMP database. Specificity, sensitivity, negative, and positive predictive values were calculated using PDMP as the “gold standard” database source. Subjects were also categorized as those who received any opioid, chronic opioid, high‐dose opioid, or high‐risk opioid therapies.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsArkansas residents continuously enrolled with pharmacy coverage in 2016 were included. APCD and PDMP were linked using an encrypted enrollee identifier, gender, and year of birth.Principal FindingsThe degree of concordance in opioid exposure between the two databases among 1,411,565 enrollees was high (sensitivity = 92.67%, specificity = 96.13%, positive predictive value = 91.60%, negative predictive value = 96.65%). Enrollees classified as having any opioid (APCD: 31.64% vs. PDMP: 31.26% vs. APCD+PDMP: 33.93%), chronic opioid (APCD: 7.81% vs. PDMP: 7.54% vs. APCD+PDMP: 8.24%), high‐dose opioid (APCD: 10.60% vs. PDMP: 9.62% vs. APCD+PDMP: 11.33%), or high‐risk opioid (APCD: 5.28% vs. PDMP: 5.33% vs. APCD+PDMP: 6.20%) therapies, were similar using only APCD versus PDMP versus the combined APCD and PDMP data sources.ConclusionsClaims data sources, such as APCDs, are fairly accurate in identifying opioid exposure and the level of opioid exposure among persons with continuous pharmacy coverage.
Positive correlation between organic anion transporter 1B function indicated by plasma concentration of coproporphyrin‐I and blood concentration of cyclosporin A in real‐world patients
Authors: Watanabe Takuma , Tanaka Ryota , Suzuki Yosuke , Sato Haruki , Negami Jun , Yoshijima Chisato , Oda Ayako , Ono Hiroyuki , Tatsuta Ryosuke , Ohno Keiko , Itoh Hiroki 
Published: December 2022

AimsCyclosporin A (CyA) has potent inhibitory activity on organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B (OATP1B), causing drug–drug interactions with its substrate drugs. 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropionate (CMPF), a uraemic toxin, has also been suggested to inhibit OATP1B activity. Recent study has identified coproporphyrin‐I (CP‐I) as a specific endogenous substrate for OATP1B, which is useful to indicate OATP1B activity. We investigated the relationship of CP‐I with CyA and CMPF concentrations in patients taking CyA.MethodsIn total, 121 blood samples from 74 patients who took CyA and underwent routine therapeutic drug monitoring were divided into trough and peak samples.ResultsCyA and CP‐I concentrations were significantly higher in peak samples than in trough samples. A positive correlation between CP‐I and CyA concentrations was found in all samples and in trough and peak samples, while no correlation was observed between CP‐I and CMPF concentrations. Multiple regression analysis identified CyA and C‐reactive protein concentrations as independent factors affecting CP‐I concentration, with blood CyA concentration having markedly greater contribution to plasma CP‐I concentration.ConclusionThe present study suggests that CyA inhibits OATP1B activity in a concentration‐dependent manner in clinical setting, and that dose adjustment of OATP1B substrate drugs coadministered with CyA according to plasma CMPF concentration may not be necessary.
Basolateral amygdala astrocytes modulate diabetic neuropathic pain and may be a potential therapeutic target for koumine
Authors: Lu Jing‐Shan , Yang Lan , Chen Jian , Xiong Fang‐Fang , Cai Ping , Wang Xin‐Yao , Xiong Bo‐Jun , Chen Ze‐Hong , Chen Li , Yang Jian , Yu Chang‐Xi 
Published: December 2022

Background and PurposeNew remedies are required for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) due to insufficient efficacy of available therapies. Here, we used chemogenetic approaches combined with in vivo pharmacology to elucidate the role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) astrocytes in DNP pathogenesis and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for DNP.Experimental ApproachA streptozotocin‐induced DNP model was established. Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) were used to regulate astrocyte activity. Mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed using the electronic von Frey test. Anxiety‐like behaviours were detected using open field and elevated plus maze tests. Astrocytic activity was detected by immunofluorescence, and cytokine content was determined by ELISA.Key ResultsBLA astrocytes were regulated by DREADDs, and inhibition of BLA astrocytes attenuated mechanical allodynia and pain‐related negative emotions in DNP rats. In contrast, temporary activation of BLA astrocytes induced allodynia without anxious behaviours in naive rats. In addition, koumine (KM) alleviated mechanical allodynia and anxiety‐like behaviours in DNP rats, inhibited the activation of BLA astrocytes and suppressed the inflammatory response. Furthermore, persistent activation of BLA astrocytes through chemogenetics mimicked chronic pain, and KM alleviated the pain hypersensitivity and anxiety‐like behaviours.Conclusion and ImplicationsDREADDs bidirectionally regulate the activity of BLA astrocytes, which proves for the first time the role of BLA astrocyte activation in the pathogenesis of DNP and represents a novel therapeutic strategy for DNP. KM ameliorates DNP, perhaps by inhibiting the activation of BLA astrocytes and reveal KM as a potential candidate for treating DNP.
Put it in God's hands: Understanding the complexities of religiosity and spirituality in the lives of Black youth
Authors: Butler‐Barnes Sheretta T. , Martin Pamela P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBlack youth traverse beyond their immediate familial environment to understand different social identities, such as ethnicity, race, gender, and sexual orientation. In this article, we draw on the integrative model for the study of stress in Black American families and intersectionality as guides in comprehending the role of religiosity and spirituality for Black youth navigating mundane extreme environmental stressors. We examine the role of religiosity and spirituality as a culturally strength‐based coping asset for Black youth. We also explore marginalized social identities among Black youth, specifically how religiosity and spirituality can be experienced as a stressor for Black lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual, and others youth. Finally, we underscore the importance of using a culturally responsive framework and an intersectional lens to understand the role of religiosity and spirituality in the lives of all Black youth.
Late‐onset and congenital hearing loss detected using AABR due to congenital cytomegalovirus infection that improved with valganciclovir
Authors: Morimoto Chihiro , Nishikubo Toshiya , Nishimura Tadashi , Onishi Tomoko , Takeyama Masahiro , Uchida Yumiko , Otsuka Shintaro , Yamanaka Toshiaki , Kitahara Tadashi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCongenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most common congenital viral infection and is the leading non‐genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss and an important cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities. Auto auditory brainstem response (AABR) is a simple hearing test and used for the purpose of neonatal hearing screening, but can use it for early detection hard of hearing within the study age of the model. We experienced two case of asymptomatic CMV infection in which congenital and late‐onset hearing loss were diagnosed early with AABR, and hearing loss improved with valganciclovir.
Rainfall fluctuations and rural poverty: Evidence from Chinese county‐level data
Authors: Feng Litao , Liu Wei , Zhao Zhihui , Wang Yining 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRainfall fluctuations are the major threats caused by climate change. This paper analyses the impact of seasonal rainfall fluctuations on rural poverty using panel data for 992 counties, which are located in humid zone in the south of China from 2000 to 2018. The findings are as follows: (1) Rainfall fluctuations significantly affect rural poverty, specifically, increased rainfall significantly alleviates rural poverty in the dry season, but aggravates rural poverty in the rainy season. (2) The effect of rainfall fluctuations on rural poverty is significantly heterogeneous in different regions. (3) Rainfall fluctuations put low‐income areas at greater risk of returning to poverty. (4) The mechanism through which rainfall fluctuations affect rural poverty is agricultural production, and market regulation can mitigate the shock of rainfall fluctuations. Our research provides policy implications for developing countries to address the risks of poverty from climate change.
Neural synchronization and intervention in pre‐readers who later on develop dyslexia
Authors: Van Herck Shauni , Economou Maria , Vanden Bempt Femke , Glatz Toivo , Ghesquière Pol , Vandermosten Maaike , Wouters Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA growing number of studies has investigated temporal processing deficits in dyslexia. These studies largely focus on neural synchronization to speech. However, the importance of rise times for neural synchronization is often overlooked. Furthermore, targeted interventions, phonics‐based and auditory, are being developed, but little is known about their impact. The current study investigated the impact of a 12‐week tablet‐based intervention. Children at risk for dyslexia received phonics‐based training, either with (n = 31) or without (n = 31) auditory training, or engaged in active control training (n = 29). Additionally, neural synchronization and processing of rise times was longitudinally investigated in children with dyslexia (n = 26) and typical readers (n = 52) from pre‐reading (5 years) to beginning reading age (7 years). The three time points in the longitudinal study correspond to intervention pre‐test, post‐test and consolidation, approximately 1 year after completing the intervention. At each time point neural synchronization was measured to sinusoidal stimuli and pulsatile stimuli with shortened rise times at syllable (4 Hz) and phoneme rates (20 Hz). Our results revealed no impact on neural synchronization at syllable and phoneme rate of the phonics‐based and auditory training. However, we did reveal atypical hemispheric specialization at both syllable and phoneme rates in children with dyslexia. This was detected even before the onset of reading acquisition, pointing towards a possible causal rather than consequential mechanism in dyslexia. This study contributes to our understanding of the temporal processing deficits underlying the development of dyslexia, but also shows that the development of targeted interventions is still a work in progress.
Sensitivity to dynamic strain aging of carbon–manganese steels measured by ultrasonic fatigue testing
Authors: Petit Johann , Pu Xiaoxue , Darbord‐Ranc Isabelle , Wagner Danièle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSome carbon–manganese (C–Mn) structural steels are known to be sensitive to aging under deformation between 100 and 350°C, phenomenon called dynamic strain aging (DSA). This paper is aimed at studying the DSA sensitivity through the thermal response of C–Mn steels during ultrasonic fatigue tests. For this purpose, self‐heating tests are conducted on two C–Mn steel grades, extensively used in the nuclear industry. Tests are monitored by infrared thermography. DSA effect clearly appears on self‐heating curves by a singular temperature rise. The DSA occurrence is correlated with results from internal friction tests, in particular with the presence of the cold work peak. The temperature of 100°C related to the start of the thermally activated DSA phenomenon is retrieved by self‐heating tests. Based on a further intrinsic dissipation computation, DSA distinctly differs from the classical dislocation glide mechanism. Furthermore, a stress threshold of irreversibility is shown to emerge.
The legacy effect of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions
Authors: Guo Shumin , Wu Jie , Han Zhaoqiang , Li Zhutao , Xu Pinshang , Liu Shuwei , Wang Jinyang , Zou Jianwen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExisting studies suggest that biochar application can reduce soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, mainly based on short‐term results. However, it remains unclear what the effects (i.e., legacy effects) and underlying mechanisms are on N2O emissions after many years of a single application of biochar. Here, we collected intact soil columns from plots without and with biochar application in a subtropical tea plantation 7 years ago for an incubation experiment. We used the N2O isotopocule analysis combined with ammonia oxidizer‐specific inhibitors and molecular biology approaches to investigate how the legacy effect of biochar affected soil N2O emissions. Results showed that the soil in the presence of biochar had lower N2O emissions than the control albeit statistically insignificant. The legacy effect of biochar in decreasing N2O emissions may be attributed to the reduced effectiveness of the soil substrate, nitrification and denitrification activities, and the promotion of the further reduction of N2O. The legacy effect of biochar reduced the relative contribution of nitrifier denitrification/bacterial denitrification, nitrification‐related N2O production, and the relative abundance of several microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle. Our global meta‐analysis also showed that the reduction of N2O by biochar increased with increasing application rate but diminished and possibly even reversed with increasing experimental time. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the abatement capacity of biochar on soil N2O emissions may weaken over time after biochar application, but this remains under further investigation.
The effects of milking and suction drain management methods in paediatric patients after cardiac surgery
Authors: Gökgöz Göksu , Karabacak Ükke , Kan Öntürk Zehra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to determine the effects of milking and suction methods on maintaining drain patency following cardiac surgery in paediatric patients.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial. The patients were assigned to three groups (suction method, milking method, and control group) between July 2018 and December 2019.ResultsThe most frequent medical diagnoses were tetralogy of Fallot (34.4%, n = 31) and ventricular septal defect (14.4%, n = 13). Heart rate may increase unless a method was chosen to maintain drain patency (F: 4.450, p = 0.003); suction (F: 0.528 p = 0.781) and milking (F: 2.281 p = 0.070) methods did not significantly increase the heart rate. The use of a manipulation method for maintaining drain patency maintained stability of the blood pressure values and did not affect haemodynamic stability, oxygen saturation, and body temperature. There was no statistically significant difference within and among the groups (p > 0.05) in relation to the volume of bleeding between admission until the sixth hour, although there was greater bleeding with the milking method (2.67 ± 15.30 ml) and less bleeding (−5.00 ± 23.30) with the suction method.ConclusionThe milking and suction methods used to maintain drain patency can be employed and will assist with maintaining the stability of the patient within the first critical 6 h. Further studies need to be conducted in order to clarify that the recommendations can be generalized to all children with congenital heart disease.
Trends in U.S. adolescent physical activity and obesity: A 20‐year age‐period‐cohort analysis
Authors: Loux Travis , Matusik Morgan , Hamzic Asja 
Published: December 2022

SummaryBackgroundAdolescent obesity can lead to long‐term health problems and is a topic of major concern in pediatric and broader medical and public health spheres. Numerous national and state‐wide initiatives aimed at increasing physical activity and/or improving nutrition in this age group have assumed the goal of reducing the prevalence adolescent obesity.ObjectivesWe assess trends in U.S. adolescent physical activity and body mass index between 1999 and 2019.MethodsUsing data from the U.S. Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance System, we analyse data from 144 544 14‐to‐18‐year‐old respondents. We use multilevel linear and logistic regression to perform age‐period‐cohort analyses attributing changes in physical activity and body mass index over time to these three sources.ResultsAge and period effects are strong in all outcomes studied. Physical activity consistently decreases with age across the study period. Age trends in obesity have reversed in recent years, with older adolescents now more likely to be have obesity than younger adolescents. Both female and Asian adolescents report less physical activity but lower rates of obesity than their male and non‐Asian counterparts.ConclusionsThe reversal of obesity trends by age with little change in physical activity over the study period suggests other lifestyle factors have changed over the study period to increase the prevalence of obesity in older adolescents.
Bifurcated incorporation and migrant social mobility in Japan
Authors: Ivory Tristan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe context of reception is crucial in establishing different mobility pathways for migrants within host societies. Given that access to government resources is increasingly reserved for citizens and permanent residents and most states provide relatively few avenues to naturalization or permanent residence, host country human capital and social networks are often vital for upward social mobility. I use a variety of research methods including 60 semi‐structured interviews, over 800 hour of participant and non‐obtrusive observation, and ethnography from a 14‐month period in 2011–2012 in the greater Tokyo metropolitan area to investigate how Sub‐Saharan African migrants pursue mobility within Japanese society. I theorize that there are two distinct groups of long‐term staying migrants in Japan: one initially incorporated as unskilled laborers and another initially incorporated as skilled laborers. Migrants initially incorporated as skilled workers have comparatively greater access to state resources and discretion to incorporate as individuals. Migrants initially incorporated as unskilled laborers must rely on the intervention of native‐born individuals in order to experience upward mobility. These findings suggest that visa status is an important signal of initial migrant incorporation trajectory and a significant moderating factor for individual outcomes and social mobility in Japan.