bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is being a victim of bullying or cyberbullying in secondary school associated with subsequent risk‐taking behavior in adolescence? A longitudinal study in secondary schools
Authors: Shah R. , Dodd M. , Allen E. , Viner R. , Bonell C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionNeurobiological and social changes in adolescence can make victims of bullying more susceptible to subsequent impulsive behavior. With the high prevalence of bullying in schools and rise in cyberbullying in the United Kingdom, it is important that the health impacts of bullying victimization, including on risk‐taking, are understood. Our study aims to investigate whether bullying/cyberbullying victimization is associated with subsequent health risk‐taking behavior in adolescence. Risk‐taking behavior includes electronic cigarette and cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, early sexual debut, weapon carrying, damaging property, and setting fire.MethodsA secondary quantitative analysis of data from 3337, English, secondary school students in the control arm of the INCLUSIVE trial, constituting an observational cohort. Bullying victimization was measured at baseline (age 11/12 years) using the gatehouse bullying scale and a separate question on cyberbullying victimization. Logistic regression was used to test for an association between bullying/cyberbullying victimization at baseline and risk‐taking behavior at 36 months, adjusting for baseline risk‐taking behavior and other potential confounders, and accounting for school clustering.ResultsThere was strong evidence (p ≤ .02) for a positive dose‐responsive association between being bullied at baseline and nearly all risk‐taking behavior at follow‐up. Although there was no evidence for an association between being bullied at baseline and weapon carrying (p = .102), there was evidence for a positive association between being cyberbullied at baseline and weapon carrying (p = .036).ConclusionsIt is plausible that bullying/cyberbullying victimization increases the likelihood of subsequent risk‐taking behavior in adolescence. Policy options should focus on implementing evidence‐based antibullying school interventions.
Safety and Efficacy of PTH 1-34 and 1-84 Therapy in Chronic Hypoparathyroidism: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Trials
Authors: Puliani Giulia , Hasenmajer Valeria , Simonelli Ilaria , Sada Valentina , Pofi Riccardo , Minnetti Marianna , Cozzolino Alessia , Napoli Nicola , Pasqualetti Patrizio , Gianfrilli Daniele , Isidori Andrea M. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Hypoparathyroidism is the only endocrine deficiency for which hormone replacement therapy is not the standard of care. Although conventional treatments may control hypocalcaemia, other complications such as hyperphosphatemia, kidney stones, peripheral calcifications, and bone disease remain unmet needs. This meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD42019126881) aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of PTH1−34 and PTH1−84 in restoring calcium metabolism in chronic hypoparathyroidism. EMBASE, PubMed, and CENTRAL databases were searched for randomized clinical trials or prospective studies published between January 1996 and March 2021. English-language trials reporting data on replacement with PTH1−34 or PTH1−84 in chronic hypoparathyroidism were selected. Three authors extracted outcomes, one author performed quality control, all assessed the risk of biases. Overall, data from 25 studies on 588 patients were analyzed. PTH therapy had a neutral effect on calcium levels, while lowering serum phosphate (−0.21 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.31 to −0.11 mmol/L; p &lt; 0.001) and urinary calcium excretion (−1.21 mmol/24 h; 95% CI, −2.03 to −0.41 mmol/24 h; p = 0.003). Calcium phosphate product decreased under PTH1−84 therapy only. Both treatments enabled a significant reduction in calcium and calcitriol supplementation. PTH therapy increased bone turnover markers and lumbar spine mineral density. Quality of life improved and there was no difference in the safety profile between PTH and conventionally treated patients. Results for most outcomes were similar for the two treatments. Limitations of the study included considerable population overlap between the reports, incomplete data, and heterogeneity in the protocol design. In conclusion, the meta-analysis of data from the largest collection to date of hypoparathyroid patients shows that PTH therapy is safe, well-tolerated, and effective in normalizing serum phosphate and urinary calcium excretion, as well as enabling a reduction in calcium and vitamin D use and improving quality of life. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A lesson for the maestro of the replication fork: Targeting the protein‐binding interface of proliferating cell nuclear antigen for anticancer therapy
Authors: Bhardwaj Vijay Kumar , Purohit Rituraj 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) has emerged as a promising candidate for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. PCNA is a nononcogenic mediator of DNA replication that regulates a diverse range of cellular functions and pathways through a comprehensive list of protein‐protein interactions. The hydrophobic binding pocket on PCNA offers an opportunity for the development of inhibitors to target various types of cancers and modulate protein–protein interactions. In the present study, we explored the binding modes and affinity of molecule I1 (standard molecule) with the previously suggested dimer interface pocket and the hydrophobic pocket present on the frontal side of the PCNA monomer. We also identified potential lead molecules from the library of in‐house synthesized 3‐methylenisoindolin‐1‐one based molecules to inhibit the protein–protein interactions of PCNA. Our results were based on robust computational methods, including molecular docking, conventional, steered, and umbrella sampling molecular dynamics simulations. Our results suggested that the standard inhibitor I1 interacts with the hydrophobic pocket of PCNA with a higher affinity than the previously suggested binding site. Also, the proposed molecules showed better or comparable binding free energies as calculated by the Molecular Mechanics Poisson‐Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) approach and further validated by enhanced umbrella sampling simulations. In vitro and in vivo methods could test the computationally suggested molecules for advancement in the drug discovery pipeline.
Alchemical free energy simulations without speed limits. A generic framework to calculate free energy differences independent of the underlying molecular dynamics program
Authors: Wieder Marcus , Fleck Markus , Braunsfeld Benedict , Boresch Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe describe the theory of the so‐called common‐core/serial‐atom‐insertion (CC/SAI) approach to compute alchemical free energy differences and its practical implementation in a Python package called Transformato. CC/SAI is not tied to a specific biomolecular simulation program and does not rely on special purpose code for alchemical transformations. To calculate the alchemical free energy difference between several small molecules, the physical end‐states are mutated into a suitable common core. Since this only requires turning off interactions, the setup of intermediate states is straightforward to automate. Transformato currently supports CHARMM and OpenMM as back ends to carry out the necessary molecular dynamics simulations, as well as post‐processing calculations. We validate the method by computing a series of relative solvation free energy differences.
Effects of Voriconazole Exposure on the Pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus in Lung Transplantation Patients, Based on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data
Authors: Chen Wenqian , Wang Xiaoxue , Li Bo , Qin Wei , Li Shu , Wang Xiaoxing , Chen Wenhui , Zhang Xianglin , Li Pengmei , Zuo Xianbo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTacrolimus and voriconazole are usually used simultaneously in lung transplantations. Voriconazole can increase tacrolimus concentrations by inhibiting the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme, which poses a great challenge for dose adjustment. The aim of this study is to clarify the correlation between voriconazole exposure and tacrolimus trough concentrations (C0), and to establish a population pharmacokinetic model including voriconazole trough concentrations (VOZ) as a covariate for dose optimization. All data were retrospectively collected from lung transplantation patients who were subjected to therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus and voriconazole. The correlation between C0 and VOZ or voriconazole daily doses was analyzed by Spearman's correlation. A total of 52 patients accounting for 351 pairs of tacrolimus and voriconazole trough concentrations were included. C0 and C0/daily dose of tacrolimus (DD) had a significant correlation with VOZ (P < .01) rather than voriconazole daily doses. A linear one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination was used as the basic model for population pharmacokinetic analysis. Body weight (WT), DD, VOZ, and hematocrit (HCT) were included as covariates in the final model. With the increase in voriconazole concentrations, the apparent total clearance (clearance/bioavailability, CL/F) of tacrolimus decreased significantly. The simulation results showed that the highest proportion of C0 within the target range can only reach <50% when the optimal initial drug regimen was given. Therefore, both tacrolimus and voriconazole concentrations need to be continuously monitored during treatments in lung transplantation patients, and the tacrolimus dose can be optimized according to VOZ based on the established pharmacokinetic model.
Haunted by the past: How performing or withholding organizational citizenship behavior may lead to regret
Authors: Anderson Heather J. , Bolino Mark C. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryAlthough organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) contribute to the effective functioning of organizations, performing or withholding such behaviors can have both positive and negative implications for employees. In this conceptual paper, we explain why the outcomes associated with OCB, the discretionary nature of OCB, and the way feelings of regret affect future behavior make regret a useful perspective for understanding how OCB can be sustained. Further, we integrate theory and research on attribution and regret to propose that employees are most likely to experience regret when performing, or failing to perform OCB, leads to unexpected, negative outcomes. We also theorize that regret will be felt more strongly when these outcomes are severe, employees' decision to engage in (withhold) OCB was exceptional, employees' performance (withholding) of OCB was inconsistent with their orientation to act, and when the reason to engage in (withhold) OCB is difficult to justify. Altogether, our paper sheds light on when employees may regret performing OCB, when they may regret not engaging in OCB, and how such feelings may affect their willingness to be a good organizational citizen in the future. The implications of our propositions and directions for future research on regret and OCB are discussed.
A regional lightning climatology of the UK and Ireland and sensitivity to alternative detection networks
Authors: Hayward Leah , Whitworth Malcolm , Pepin Nick , Dorling Steve 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA total lightning (cloud‐ground and cloud‐cloud) climatology of the UK and Ireland is presented combining three different ground‐based lightning location systems over a 12‐year period (2008–2019). The study area is divided into seven geographical regions using k‐means clustering to identify areas with distinctive seasonal distributions of lightning flashes per km2/year (referred to as flash density [FD]). Different regions exhibit contrasting summer thunderstorm seasons (e.g., from April to August in the southeast of England and May to July in southern England coastal regions). Summer FD peaks in July in the English Channel and southeast and midland areas of England range from 0.1 to 0.3 FD whilst the southern England coastal region sees FDs in the range 0.03–0.06 FD. Regions more prone to winter thunderstorms are identified as having northwest facing coastlines (<0.02 FD in Northwest Scotland). Diurnal lightning distributions are also shown to have regional dependence with stronger afternoon peaks over‐land (0.05–0.1 FD in the south of England), whilst in the South coastal and English Channel regions early morning or overnight peaks (0.03–0.09 FD) are more pronounced relative to afternoon FDs (0.015–0.03). This study has demonstrated the benefit of using multiple lightning detection networks to mitigate the effects of inhomogeneities within any one data source. It is also shown that significant additional insight comes from taking a regional approach to analysing temporal distributions of lightning.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy on pigments of painted pre‐Islamic ceramics from the Kur River Basin (Fars Province, Iran): The case of manganese oxides identification
Authors: Vermeersch Eva , Pincé Possum , Jehlička Jan , Culka Adam , Rousaki Anastasia , Vandenabeele Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicro‐Raman spectroscopy was used for the analysis of painted pre‐Islamic ceramics from the Kur River Basin (Fars Province, Southwest Iran). A total of 21 sherds were analysed dating from the Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age and belonging to different ceramic wares and sites. The main focus of this research was to identify the pigments used for the red and black decorations of the different ceramic wares from the Kur River Basin and to elaborate on the manganese identification and their differentiation through Raman spectroscopy. Haematite (
‐Fe2O3) and manganese oxides could be identified as the main compounds for the decoration in the different ceramic wares, except for the Bakun ware in which also carbon black could be determined as a probable pigment for black decoration using micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The identification and discrimination of manganese oxides were a meticulous task due to the sensitivity of these materials to the laser power, which can provoke degradation. Nevertheless, Raman spectroscopy was successfully applied for the identification of spectral patterns of the ceramics and their attribution to several manganese oxides present in the decorative mixtures, such as jacobsite (MnFe2O4), bixbyite (
‐Mn2O3) and hausmannite (Mn3O4).
Occurrence of ochratoxin A in green and roasted coffee beans from the Saudi market and a possible exposure assessment
Authors: Almasoud Yaser F. , Aldosari Zeyad M. , Almutairi Mohammed A. , Alowaifeer Abdullah M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSaudi Arabia is experiencing continuous growth and rising interest in the coffee industry. Coffee beans are known to be susceptible to mycotoxin contamination, especially to the toxin ochratoxin A (OTA). Previously data show that 94.4% of coffee beans from the Saudi market were contaminated with OTA. Since then, the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) has taken strong actions to limit the contamination of coffee with OTA. This work reports the investigation carried out to assess the current contamination status of coffee with OTA.ResultsThe OTA was found in 28 samples (13.5% detection rate) in green coffee beans with an average concentration of 7.3 μg/kg. In contrast, roasted coffee had only four positive samples (4.5% detection rate) with a mean value of 3.4 μg/kg. The average daily dose (ADD) of ingested OTA by the Saudi population was estimated in three different scenarios. In the worst‐case scenario, estimated ADD (around 0.373 ng/kg bw/day) was below the provisional tolerable daily intake.ConclusionOur analytical data and risk assessment calculations suggest that there is no health risk to the Saudi population from exposure to OTA in coffee. In addition, the results of this study show that SFDA's measures were effective in reducing coffee contamination with OTA.
Carbon density and C‐sequestration of tree plantation ecosystems in the mid‐hills of the NW‐Himalayas: Implications for climate change mitigation
Authors: Bhardwaj Daulat Ram , Kumar Akshay , Pala Nazir A. , Sharma Prashant , Kumar Dhirender , Kumar Amit , Zahoor Shiba 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the current era of global warming, the Himalayan forests are under tremendous pressure due to intensified anthropogenic activity, resulting in the loss of forest diversity. However, the potential of carbon (C) sinks for increasing carbon storage and/or sequestration is still uncertain. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the C‐sequestration and mitigation potential of eight different tree plantations, namely: Pinus roxburghii, Quercus leucotrichophora, Acacia mollissima, Acacia catechu, Alnus nitida, Albizia procera, Ulmus villosa, and Eucalyptus tereticornis in the mid‐hills of the Indian Himalayas. The soil samples used in our study (humus, 0–20cm, 20–40cm, and 40–100 cm) were used to determine the soil and ecosystem C‐density. The analysis revealed that the maximum tree biomass (300.19 Mg ha−1), vegetation biomass (305.43 Mg ha−1), vegetation carbon (153.59 Mg ha−1), and total ecosystem C density (369.93 Mg ha−1) occurred under U. villosa plantation. Similarly, P. roxburghii plantations had the maximum detritus C‐density (7.25 Mg ha−1), whereas A. nitida (224.71 Mg ha−1) had the maximum soil C‐density. The highest C‐sequestration was recorded under U. villosa (183.0 Mg ha−1). A significantly higher and lower rate of C‐sequestration and CO2 mitigation was observed in Ulmus villosa (5.9 and 21.64 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and Eucalyptus tereticornis (3.9 and 14.3 Mg ha−1 yr−1). Our study found that indigenous tree species such as U. villosa, A. procera, A. nitida, and Q. leucotrichophora should be encouraged for afforestation on degraded lands to support climate change mitigation strategies in the sub‐temperate forest ecosystem.
Determination of the threshold velocity of soil wind erosion using a wind tunnel and its prediction for calcareous soils of Iran
Authors: Rezaei Mahrooz , Mina Monireh , Ostovari Yaser , Riksen Michel J. P. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDetermination of the threshold velocity (TV) is a crucial step for wind erosion evaluation. Due to the difficulties of direct field measurements, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) and easily measurable soil properties could be used to save time and cost in predicting TV. Therefore, the present study was conducted to predict the TV using PTFs and to assess its influential parameters for calcareous soils of Fars Province, southern Iran. To this end, the TV was measured by a portable wind tunnel at 72 locations in different land uses and soil types across the study site. Various physicochemical and mechanical soil properties were used to develop six PTFs using multiple linear regression. Results showed that the TV varied from 3.0 m s−1in poor rangelands to 12.83 m s−1in saline lands. Soil surface shear strength (SS) with a correlation coefficient of 0.85 was the most influential parameter affecting the TV, followed by aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD). Results of the predictive models revealed that PTF 5, which was developed using SS and penetration resistance (PR;R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 0.85 m s−1), and PTF 6, which was developed using MWD and PR (R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 1.07 m s−1), had the highest performance for predicting the TV. PTF 5 was selected as the final model for predicting the TV since it only needed easily measurable soil properties without soil sample collection. We concluded that the use of PTFs could be an applicable alternative way to predict the TV, particularly at large scales.
The Eurasian crane (Grus grus) as an ecosystem engineer in grasslands: Conservation values, ecosystem services, and disservices related to a large iconic bird species
Authors: Valkó Orsolya , Borza Sándor , Godó Laura , Végvári Zsolt , Deák Balázs 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLarge bird species, such as cranes are involved in human‐wildlife conflicts as they often forage in croplands. The Eurasian crane (Grus grus) is a large bird species, protected across Europe, which, thanks to conservation programmes and its ability to utilise croplands for foraging, shows a strongly increasing population trend. This exaggerates the existing conflicts between crop farmers and cranes and is spilling over to natural habitats, where foraging by large flocks can lead to land degradation. No studies have evaluated the effects of foraging cranes on grasslands, despite the fact that these habitats provide important feeding grounds for cranes across their whole range. To fill this knowledge gap, we evaluated the ecosystem engineering effect of foraging Eurasian cranes on the vegetation of dry grasslands in Hungary. We used indicators of vegetation naturalness, forage quality, and floral resource provision to evaluate the ecosystem state from multiple aspects. We sampled 100 quadrats in disturbed patches and 100 in undisturbed grasslands in two seasons and 2 years (800 observations). Cranes created distinct vegetation patches with different species composition from undisturbed areas. We identified important trade‐offs between the positive and negative effects of the foraging activity of cranes on different structural and functional components of the ecosystems. The crane‐disturbed early‐successional patches increased plant diversity and floral resources but decreased the area of undisturbed grasslands. Although crane‐disturbed patches could provide forage for livestock early in the season, the forage quality became poor later in the year. We highlight the importance of monitoring the landscape‐level extent of the disturbed areas.
Aggregate stability and soil surface sealing in irrigated soils under no‐tillage versus conventional tillage
Authors: Grandinetti Luca , Cantero‐Martínez Carlos , Ramos María Concepción 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe effect of no‐tillage (NT) (zero tillage) versus conventional tillage (CT) has been evaluated in rainfed conditions but has seldom been studied under irrigation, where soil sealing favours soil degradation. To contribute to this knowledge, this research analyses soil aggregate stability under disaggregation forces produced under irrigation (causing slaking and mechanical breakdown) and the susceptibility to soil sealing in soils cropped with irrigated maize. Soils were sampled from 0 to 2 and from 0 to 5 cm before maize planting. Soil aggregate stability against both disaggregation processes was expressed by the mean weight diameter (MWD). Soil organic carbon (SOC) was evaluated in aggregates of different size fractions that remained after the disaggregation processes. Soil sealing susceptibility was characterised by the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results confirmed the high disruption effect of slaking and mechanical breakdown processes. The MWD under those processes was up to 50% smaller and the susceptibility to seal was about three times higher in the soils under CT than under NT. The results of the top 0–2 cm layer showed an aggregate stability against mechanical breakdown 30% smaller than the 0–5 cm layer, which could be due to the soil surface sealing caused by drop impact. Greater MWDs were related to higher SOC values in the aggregates, which were about 20% higher in the soils under NT than under CT. Thus, NT represents an effective management in irrigated soils, reducing soil sealing and helping to maintain greater aggregate stability in soil surface against the disaggregation forces caused by drop impact and wetting processes.