bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptomatic Profile and Cognitive Performance in Autopsy-Confirmed Limbic-Predominant Age-Related TDP-43 Encephalopathy With Comorbid Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Gauthreaux Kathryn , Mock Charles , Teylan Merilee A , Culhane Jessica E , Chen Yen-Chi , Chan Kwun C G , Katsumata Yuriko , Nelson Peter T , Kukull Walter A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) proteinopathy is the hallmark of limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC). LATE-NC is a common copathology with Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change (ADNC). Data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center were analyzed to compare clinical features and copathologies of autopsy-confirmed ADNC with versus without comorbid LATE-NC. A total of 735 participants with ADNC alone and 365 with ADNC with LATE-NC were included. Consistent with prior work, brains with LATE-NC had more severe ADNC, more hippocampal sclerosis, and more brain arteriolosclerosis copathologies. Behavioral symptoms and cognitive performance on neuropsychological tests were compared, stratified by ADNC severity (low/intermediate vs high). Participants with ADNC and LATE-NC were older, had higher ADNC burden, and had worse cognitive performance than participants with ADNC alone. In the low/intermediate ADNC strata, participants with comorbid LATE-NC had higher prevalence of behavioral symptoms (apathy, disinhibition, agitation, personality change). They also had worsened performance in episodic memory and language/semantic memory. Differences narrowed in the high ADNC strata, with worsened performance in only episodic memory in the comorbid LATE-NC group. The co-occurrence of LATE-NC with ADNC is associated with a different pattern of behavioral and cognitive performance than ADNC alone, particularly in people with low/intermediate ADNC burden.
Aβ Deposits in the Neocortex of Adult and Infant Hypoxic Brains, Including in Cases of COVID-19
Authors: Priemer David S , Rhodes Charles Harker , Karlovich Esma , Perl Daniel P , Goldman James E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The brain of a 58-year-old woman was included as a civilian control in an ongoing autopsy study of military traumatic brain injury (TBI). The woman died due to a polysubstance drug overdose, with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) serving as a contributing factor. Immunohistochemical stains for β-amyloid (Aβ), routinely performed for the TBI study, revealed numerous, unusual neocortical Aβ deposits. We investigated the autopsied brains of 10 additional young patients (&lt;60 years old) who died of COVID-19, and found similar Aβ deposits in all, using two different Aβ antibodies across three different medical centers. The deposits failed to stain with Thioflavin-S. To investigate whether or not these deposits formed uniquely to COVID-19, we applied Aβ immunostains to the autopsied brains of COVID-19-negative adults who died with acute respiratory distress syndrome and infants with severe cardiac anomalies, and also biopsy samples from patients with subacute cerebral infarcts. Cortical Aβ deposits were also found in these cases, suggesting a link to hypoxia. The fate of these deposits and their effects on function are unknown, but it is possible that they contribute to the neurocognitive sequelae observed in some COVID-19 patients. Our findings may also have broader implications concerning hypoxia and its role in Aβ deposition in the brain.
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 omicron infection in people aged 60 years or above: a case–control study
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Mok Anna Hoi Ying , Yan Vincent Ka Chun , Chan Cheyenne I Ying , Wang Boyuan , Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Chui Celine Sze Ling , Li Xue , Wong Carlos King Ho , Lau Chak Sing , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Chan Esther Wai Yin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn view of limited evidence that specifically addresses vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the older population, this study aims to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in older adults during the Omicron BA.2 outbreak.MethodsThis case–control study analyzed data available between January and March 2022 from the electronic health databases in Hong Kong and enrolled individuals aged 60 or above. Each case was matched with up to 10 controls by age, sex, index date and Charlson Comorbidity Index for the four outcomes (COVID-19 infection, COVID-19-related hospitalization, severe complications, and all-cause mortality) independently. Conditional logistic regression was conducted to evaluate VE of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against COVID-19-related outcomes within 28 days after COVID-19 infection among participants stratified by age groups (60–79, ≥80 years old).ResultsA dose–response relationship between the number of vaccine doses received and protection against severe or fatal disease was observed. Highest VE (95% CI) against COVID-19 infection was observed in individuals aged ≥80 who received three doses of BNT162b2 [75.5% (73.1–77.7%)] or three doses of CoronaVac [53.9% (51.0–56.5%)] compared to those in the younger age group who received three doses of BNT162b2 [51.1% (49.9–52.4%)] or three doses of CoronaVac [2.0% (−0.1–4.1%)]. VE (95% CI) was higher for other outcomes, reaching 91.9% (89.4–93.8%) and 86.7% (84.3–88.8%) against COVID-19-related hospitalization; 85.8% (61.2–94.8%) and 89.8% (72.4–96.3%) against COVID-19-related severe complications; and 96.4% (92.9–98.2%) and 95.0% (92.1–96.8%) against COVID-19-related mortality after three doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in older vaccine recipients, respectively. A similar dose–response relationship was established in younger vaccine recipients and after stratification by sex and Charlson Comorbidity Index.ConclusionBoth BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccination were effective in protecting older adults against COVID-19 infection and COVID-19-related severe outcomes amidst the Omicron BA.2 pandemic, and VE increased further with the third dose.
A ‘wiring diagram’ for source strength traits impacting wheat yield potential
Authors: Murchie Erik H , Reynolds Matthew , Slafer Gustavo A , Foulkes M John , Acevedo-Siaca Liana , McAusland Lorna , Sharwood Robert , Griffiths Simon , Flavell Richard B , Gwyn Jeff , Sawkins Mark , Carmo-Silva Elizabete 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Source traits are currently of great interest for the enhancement of yield potential; for example, much effort is being expended to find ways of modifying photosynthesis. However, photosynthesis is but one component of crop regulation, so sink activities and the coordination of diverse processes throughout the crop must be considered in an integrated, systems approach. A set of ‘wiring diagrams’ has been devised as a visual tool to integrate the interactions of component processes at different stages of wheat development. They enable the roles of chloroplast, leaf, and whole-canopy processes to be seen in the context of sink development and crop growth as a whole. In this review, we dissect source traits both anatomically (foliar and non-foliar) and temporally (pre- and post-anthesis), and consider the evidence for their regulation at local and whole-plant/crop levels. We consider how the formation of a canopy creates challenges (self-occlusion) and opportunities (dynamic photosynthesis) for components of photosynthesis. Lastly, we discuss the regulation of source activity by feedback regulation. The review is written in the framework of the wiring diagrams which, as integrated descriptors of traits underpinning grain yield, are designed to provide a potential workspace for breeders and other crop scientists that, along with high-throughput and precision phenotyping data, genetics, and bioinformatics, will help build future dynamic models of trait and gene interactions to achieve yield gains in wheat and other field crops.
Proteomic perspective of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus biofilm extracellular matrix in response to itraconazole
Authors: Wei Tianqi , Zheng Nan , Zheng Hailin , Chen Yuping , Hong Pianpian , Liu Weida , Liu Musang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus makes a major challenge to the chemotherapy for invasive aspergillosis, whereas cyp51A gene mutation is the most dominant mechanism for azole resistance. Moreover, biofilm contributes to drug resistance for A. fumigatus, and extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential to protect live cells from antifungal drugs. Therefore, we performed a comparative proteomic study on the biofilm ECM of both the wild-type and azole-resistant strains of A. fumigatus under azole pressure. In total, 2377 proteins were identified, of which 480 and 604 proteins with differential expression were obtained from the wild-type and azole-resistant A. fumigatus in exposure to itraconazole respectively (fold change &gt; 2 or &lt; 0.5, P-value &lt; .05). We found that a high proportion of regulated proteins were located in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. Meanwhile, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that the metabolic process and ribosome pathway were significantly enriched. Particularly, differentially expressed proteins in response to azole pressure of both the wild-type and resistant strains were further analyzed. Our results indicated that these changes in biofilm ECM proteins were related to ergosterol synthesis, oxidative stress, efflux pumps, DNA repair, DNA replication, and transcription.
Trinity I: self-consistently modelling the dark matter halo–galaxy–supermassive black hole connection from z = 0–10
Authors: Zhang (张昊文) Haowen , Behroozi Peter , Volonteri Marta , Silk Joseph , Fan Xiaohui , Hopkins Philip F , Yang (杨锦怡) Jinyi , Aird James 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present Trinity, a flexible empirical model that self-consistently infers the statistical connection between dark matter haloes, galaxies, and supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Trinity is constrained by galaxy observables from 0 &lt; z &lt; 10 [galaxies’ stellar mass functions, specific and cosmic star formation rates (SFRs), quenched fractions, and UV luminosity functions] and SMBH observables from 0 &lt; z &lt; 6.5 (quasar luminosity functions, quasar probability distribution functions, active black hole mass functions, local SMBH mass–bulge mass relations, and the observed SMBH mass distributions of high-redshift bright quasars). The model includes full treatment of observational systematics [e.g. active galactic nucleus (AGN) obscuration and errors in stellar masses]. From these data, Trinity infers the average SMBH mass, SMBH accretion rate, merger rate, and Eddington ratio distribution as functions of halo mass, galaxy stellar mass, and redshift. Key findings include: (1) the normalization and the slope of the SMBH mass–bulge mass relation increases mildly from z = 0 to z = 10; (2) The best-fitting AGN radiative+kinetic efficiency is ∼0.05–0.06, but can be in the range ∼0.035–0.07 with alternative input assumptions; (3) AGNs show downsizing, i.e. the Eddington ratios of more massive SMBHs start to decrease earlier than those of lower mass objects; (4) The average ratio between average SMBH accretion rate and SFR is ∼10−3 for low-mass galaxies, which are primarily star-forming. This ratio increases to ∼10−1 for the most massive haloes below z ∼ 1, where star formation is quenched but SMBHs continue to accrete.
On the use of field RR Lyrae as galactic probes – VI. Mixed mode RR Lyrae variables in Fornax and in nearby dwarf galaxies
Authors: Braga V F , Fiorentino G , Bono G , Stetson P B , Martínez-Vázquez C E , Kwak S , Tantalo M , Dall’Ora M , Di Criscienzo M , Fabrizio M , Marengo M , Marinoni S , Marrese P M , Monelli M 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the properties of the mixed-mode (RRd) RR Lyrae (RRL) variables in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy by using B- and V-band time series collected over 24 yr. We compare the properties of the RRds in Fornax with those in the Magellanic Clouds and in nearby dSphs, with special focus on Sculptor. We found that the ratio of RRds over the total number of RRLs decreases with metallicity. Typically, dSphs have very few RRds with 0.49≲ P0 ≲0.53 d, but Fornax fills this period gap in the Petersen diagram (ratio between first overtone over fundamental period versus fundamental period). We also found that the distribution in the Petersen diagram of Fornax RRds is similar to Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) RRds, thus suggesting that their old stars have a similar metallicity distribution. We introduce the Period–Amplitude RatioS diagram, a new pulsation diagnostics independent of distance and reddening. We found that Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) RRds in this plane are distributed along a short- and a long-period sequence that we identified as the metal-rich and the metal-poor component. These two groups are also clearly separated in the Petersen and Bailey (luminosity amplitude versus logarithmic period) diagrams. This circumstantial evidence indicates that the two groups have different evolutionary properties. All the pulsation diagnostics adopted in this investigation suggest that old stellar populations in Fornax and Sculptor dSphs underwent different chemical enrichment histories. Fornax RRds are similar to SMC RRds, while Sculptor RRds are more similar to the metal-rich component of the LMC RRds.
Constraints on the contributions to the observed binary black hole population from individual evolutionary pathways in isolated binary evolution
Authors: Stevenson Simon , Clarke Teagan A 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Gravitational waves from merging binary black holes can be used to shed light on poorly understood aspects of massive binary stellar evolution, such as the evolution of massive stars (including their mass-loss rates), the common envelope phase, and the rate at which massive stars form throughout the cosmic history of the Universe. In this paper, we explore the correlated impact of these phases on predictions for the merger rate and chirp mass distribution of merging binary black holes, aiming to identify possible degeneracies between model parameters. In many of our models, a large fraction (more than 70 per cent of detectable binary black holes) arise from the chemically homogeneous evolution scenario; these models tend to overpredict the binary black hole merger rate and produce systems that are on average too massive. Our preferred models favour enhanced mass-loss rates for helium rich Wolf–Rayet stars, in tension with recent theoretical and observational developments. We identify correlations between the impact of the mass-loss rates of Wolf–Rayet stars and the metallicity evolution of the Universe on the rates and properties of merging binary black holes. Based on the observed mass distribution, we argue that the $\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of binary black holes with chirp masses greater than 40 M⊙ (the maximum predicted by our models) are unlikely to have formed through isolated binary evolution, implying a significant contribution (&gt;10 per cent) from other formation channels such as dense star clusters or active galactic nuclei. Our models will enable inference on the uncertain parameters governing binary evolution in the near future.
Consistent lensing and clustering in a low-S8 Universe with BOSS, DES Year 3, HSC Year 1, and KiDS-1000
Authors: Amon A , Robertson N C , Miyatake H , Heymans C , White M , DeRose J , Yuan S , Wechsler R H , Varga T N , Bocquet S , Dvornik A , More S , Ross A J , Hoekstra H , Alarcon A , Asgari M , Blazek J , Campos A , Chen R , Choi A , Crocce M , Diehl H T , Doux C , Eckert K , Elvin-Poole J , Everett S , Ferté A , Gatti M , Giannini G , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Hartley W G , Herner K , Hildebrandt H , Huang S , Huff E M , Joachimi B , Lee S , MacCrann N , Myles J , Navarro-Alsina A , Nishimichi T , Prat J , Secco L F , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Sheldon E , Shin T , Tröster T , Troxel M A , Tutusaus I , Wright A H , Yin B , Aguena M , Allam S , Annis J , Bacon D , Bilicki M , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carretero J , Castander F J , Cawthon R , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , de Jong J , De Vicente J , Desai S , Dietrich J P , Doel P , Ferrero I , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gerdes D W , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , Huterer D , Kannawadi A , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Lima M , Maia M A G , Marshall J L , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Mohr J J , Morgan R , Muir J , Paz-Chinchón F , Pieres A , Plazas Malagón A A , Porredon A , Rodriguez-Monroy M , Roodman A , Sanchez E , Serrano S , Shan H , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , To C , Zhang Y 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We evaluate the consistency between lensing and clustering based on measurements from Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey combined with galaxy–galaxy lensing from Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3, Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC) Year 1, and Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS)-1000. We find good agreement between these lensing data sets. We model the observations using the Dark Emulator and fit the data at two fixed cosmologies: Planck (S8 = 0.83), and a Lensing cosmology (S8 = 0.76). For a joint analysis limited to large scales, we find that both cosmologies provide an acceptable fit to the data. Full utilization of the higher signal-to-noise small-scale measurements is hindered by uncertainty in the impact of baryon feedback and assembly bias, which we account for with a reasoned theoretical error budget. We incorporate a systematic inconsistency parameter for each redshift bin, A, that decouples the lensing and clustering. With a wide range of scales, we find different results for the consistency between the two cosmologies. Limiting the analysis to the bins for which the impact of the lens sample selection is expected to be minimal, for the Lensing cosmology, the measurements are consistent with A = 1; A = 0.91 ± 0.04 (A = 0.97 ± 0.06) using DES+KiDS (HSC). For the Planck case, we find a discrepancy: A = 0.79 ± 0.03 (A = 0.84 ± 0.05) using DES+KiDS (HSC). We demonstrate that a kinematic Sunyaev–Zeldovich-based estimate for baryonic effects alleviates some of the discrepancy in the Planck cosmology. This analysis demonstrates the statistical power of small-scale measurements; however, caution is still warranted given modelling uncertainties and foreground sample selection effects.
Unveiling the nitrogen-rich massive star in the metal-poor galaxy NGC 4068
Authors: Yarovova Anastasiya D , Egorov Oleg V , Moiseev Alexei V , Maryeva Olga V 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We report the identification of the unusual emission-line stellar-like object in the nearby low-metallicity ($Z \sim 0.1 \, \mathrm{Z_{\odot }}$) dwarf galaxy NGC 4068. Our observations performed with long-slit spectrograph and Fabry–Perot interferometer demonstrate high velocity dispersion in H α line, presence of He ii λ4686Å line and peculiarly low [S ii]/[N ii] fluxes ratio for this object. From observational data, we derived that the object represents a single star of high bolometric luminosity (L* ∼ 1.5 × 106 L⊙) surrounded by an expanding nebula with kinematical age of t ∼ 0.5 Myr. The nebula exhibits significant nitrogen overabundance [log (N/O) ∼ −0.05, that is by ∼1.4 dex higher than expected for low-metallicity galaxies]. We suggested that this is a massive blue supergiant (BSG) or Wolf–Rayet (WR) star surrounded by its ejecta interacting with the interstellar medium. We calculated the models of the nebula using cloudy photoionization code, applying cmfgen-modelled BSG and WR stars as ionization sources. We found a best agreement between the modelled and observed spectra for the model assuming ionization by low-metallicity WR star of mass $M_*\approx 80\, \rm M_\odot$, ionizing the nebula through the strong wind and enriching the interstellar medium with nitrogen.
Gamma-ray spectral variability of HBL 1ES 1959+650 during MJD 57400–58000 and its consequence on leptonic blazar emission model
Authors: Ghosal B , Tolamatti A , Bhattacharyya S , Bhatt N , Yadav K K , Chandra P , Das M P , Tickoo A K , Rannot R C , Gaur K K , Goyal A , Kumar N , Marandi P , Agarwal N K , Kothari M , Sarkar D , Sharma M , Chouhan N , Borwankar C , Dhar V K , Koul M K , Venugopal K , Kotwal S V , Godiyal S , Godambe S , Mankuzhiyil N 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
1ES 1959+650, a high-energy peaked BL Lac object (HBL) with redshift z = 0.047, is known to exhibit flux and spectral variability in different energy bands. In this work, we primarily considered the simultaneous Fermi-LAT and Swift-XRT data of 1ES 1959+650 to study the flux and spectral variability in the energy ranges (0.1–300 GeV) and (0.6–10 keV), respectively. Using the Fermi-LAT light curve, a stretch of quiescent state and three high flux states of the source were identified. The flux and the spectral variability were studied using flare profiles and flux-index loops. In the γ-ray energies, 1ES 1959+650 clearly showed the evolution ‘softer-when-brighter’ whereas in the X-rays it showed the trend ‘harder-when-brighter’. 1ES 1959+650 also showed quick changes in spectral shape in the γ-ray band when the γ-ray flux was changing during the flares. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the source were constructed using simultaneous data from Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT, Swift-UVOT during its evolution. The TeV data from TACTIC imaging telescope were also used to construct the SED in the quiescent state. The spectral modelling of the SEDs revealed that due to the spectral variability of 1ES 1959+650, the standard leptonic one zone model cannot be used to explain the emission from this source. Instead a two zone leptonic model is needed to explain the observed SEDs from this blazar.
Testing afterglow models of FRB 200428 with early post-burst observations of SGR 1935 + 2154
Authors: Cooper A J , Rowlinson A , Wijers R A M J , Bassa C , Gourdji K , Hessels J , van der Horst A J , Kondratiev V , Michilli D , Pleunis Z , Shimwell T , ter Veen S 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present LOFAR imaging observations from the April/May 2020 active episode of magnetar SGR 1935 + 2154. We place the earliest radio limits on persistent emission following the low-luminosity fast radio burst FRB 200428 from the magnetar. We also perform an image-plane search for transient emission and find no radio flares during our observations. We examine post-FRB radio upper limits in the literature and find that all are consistent with the multiwavelength afterglow predicted by the synchrotron maser shock model interpretation of FRB 200428. However, early optical observations appear to rule out the simple versions of the afterglow model with constant-density circumburst media. We show that these constraints may be mitigated by adapting the model for a wind-like environment, but only for a limited parameter range. In addition, we suggest that late-time non-thermal particle acceleration occurs within the afterglow model when the shock is no longer relativistic, which may prove vital for detecting afterglows from other Galactic FRBs. We also discuss future observing strategies for verifying either magnetospheric or maser shock FRB models via rapid radio observations of Galactic magnetars and nearby FRBs.