bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Situated and Methodic Production of Accountable Action
Authors: Mondada Lorenza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter reflects on the legacy of Harold Garfinkel and the relations between ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, by focusing on a common concern for both programs: the study of action as methodic, which means accountable, recognizable, and reproducible. Both approaches seek to describe the members’ production, recognition, and reproduction of actions understood as locally situated social achievements. The chapter discusses two key dimensions of methodically produced actions—their situatedness and orderliness—and attempts to show the importance of considering both of them together. This discussion is developed in relation to a more recent trend in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, based on the use of video materials documenting naturally occurring social interactions, permitting a fine-grained scrutiny of the multimodal details of action. The paper makes explicit the EMCA conception of methodic orders, and offers an empirical analysis starting with the detailed description of a piece of data, before discussing the possibility of finding other instances of the phenomenon—and thus the possibility of building a collection that would show the orderliness, methodicity, and reproducibility of the features identified in the first instance.
Humor, Me
Authors: Jacobs Lanita 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The concluding chapter explores the politics, stakes, and merits of examining race and authenticity in anthropology and the broader public sphere. In particular, I describe my fraught experiences as the sudden[?] subject of veiled and explicit humor—think: “when the anthropologist becomes data.” I also attempt to wrest meaning, a literal means to survive and thrive, by putting these ah-ha! moments in critical if not literal conversation with the late Zora Neale Hurston (who had to move after contending with a treacherous and consequential lie and inspired me to do the same) and Toni Morrison (whose bold critique of the literary canon’s shifty handling of race compelled me like a steady outstretched hand). Ultimately, these experiences and epiphanies helped to cement this book’s take-home point: “a” real Black matters and is worth fighting for to help us all—hopefully—toward a shared groove we can all dance to.
For Queen and country
Authors: Logan Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter considers ideas of Britishness and British values that pervade much of Britain’s counterradicalization policy and asks what it means to be British and what British values entail, by providing a history of British citizenship and integration policies—the means by which immigrants are encouraged to become British. The chapter places this analysis in the context of a history of citizen violence against the British state and state responses to it. In doing so, it establishes the background against which post-9/11 counterradicalization policies emerge.
Legislating against homegrown extremism in Britain
Authors: Logan Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter traces the UK’s legislative approach to the relationship between citizens and the state in the context of homegrown extremism, showing that such legislation addresses the problem within a broader framework of political community. It examines three types of legislative measures: those which establish the framework through which the relationship between citizen and state is viewed in the context of post-9/11 counterterrorism; those which seek to prevent “citizen terrorism” directly; and those which respond to homegrown extremism via immigration and citizenship legislation. Doing so offers a timeline of legislative activity and provides insights into the way that the problem and response are framed in the UK, showing that the concept of political community is key.
Legislating against homegrown extremism in America
Authors: Logan Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a history of legislative attempts to address the issue of citizen terrorists in the United States. The chapter begins with relevant provisions in the PATRIOT Act 2001 that establish the framework through which the relationship between the citizen and the state is viewed in the context of post-9/11 counterterrorism. The chapter moves on to the failed Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act 2007 and tracks provisions dealing with citizen terrorists in the National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAAs) 2012–2016, and the Enemy Expatriation Act 2011. In tracing this history, the chapter argues that legislative attempts to deal explicitly with the problem of homegrown extremism clearly show the link between the concept of radicalization as a problem and the application of American values as its solution.
Amenorrhea, Plethora, and the Final Cessation of Menses in Early Modern Medicine
Authors: Downham Moore Alison M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter surveys seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Latin and French scholars who first identified the cessation of menstruation due to age, evaluating claims made by other historians who have attributed menopause symptomatology to ancient and early modern medicine. Early modern physicians, for the most part, simply did not consider the end of menses a matter of medical concern at all. Nineteenth-century doctors in general made great mileage of their supposed inheritance from ancient medicine, even as they radically displaced many of its central presuppositions. However, ancient medicine of women’s health was innovatively reimagined between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries in ways that neither Hippocrates nor Galen would have recognised. The pathological view of menopause was a novel, mostly French confection of the long nineteenth century which has too often been assumed to derive from ancient and early modern lineages. Section Headings: • The Early Modern Naturalisation of the Final Cessation of Menses • Menstruation and Its End from Iatrochemical to Iatromechanical Perspectives • The Influence of the Halle School? • Midwives and Accoucheurs
Women’s Life Expectancy, Cancer, and the Cessation of Menses
Authors: Downham Moore Alison M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It might be expected that the demographic statistical evidence of women’s relative longevity that emerged in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century European science might constrain the rampant medicalisation of women’s ageing in modern biomedicine. French demographers such as Antoine Deparcieux in 1746, Louis-François Benoiston de Châteauneuf in 1818, and Louis Noiret in 1850 explicitly argued that the rejection of the medicalisation of the final cessation of menses was a natural conclusion to draw from the mortality data they presented: women in the age group from 40 to 60 years were not more fragile as evidenced by their greater rates of survival relative to men, so there was no need to consider the cessation of menses to be a ‘critical time’ requiring special medical care. But women’s ageing proved too valuable to be ignored in doctors’ postures of debunking supposedly traditional myths. It served as a pedagogic case example for the induction of doctoral candidates at the Montpellier, Paris, and Strasbourg faculties into the bioscientific view of women’s diseases. In these contexts, it helped to justify the inclusion of older women in the emerging specialist fields of hygiene, gynaecology, and psychiatry. It helped not only to produce the bifurcation of women’s diseases from men’s, but indeed also the cleaving of ageing morbidity from mortality. Section Headings: • Cancers of the Breast, Ovaries, and Uterus in the Critical Age of Women, 1650–850 • The Demographic Discovery of Women’s Longevity • Life Cycles and Ageing Morbidity in French Encyclopedism • Vitalism and the Cessation of Menstruation
Education for Whom?
Authors: Bourke Joanna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter traces the early foundation of the London Mechanics’ Institution (LMI) in the Southampton Buildings. It also explores the tensions that rapidly emerged, particularly between Robertson and Hodgskin on the one side and Place, Brougham, and George Birkbeck, on the other side. There were furious debates about who was to be in charge of the LMI—was it to be run by the working men themselves or would they accept a loan and leadership from philanthropists like George Birkbeck? Was the management of the LMI to consist of two-thirds working mechanics? To ensure the survival of the LMI, changes had to be made to the curriculum.
The Birkbeck Schools
Authors: Bourke Joanna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The first Birkbeck School opened in the London Mechanics’ Institution’s Southampton Building in 1848, the creation of William Ellis, one of the original founders of the LMI. It offered elementary education for children of working parents. It was also radical, prohibiting rote learning in favour of Socratic dialogues between pupils and schoolmasters. This was caricatured in Charles Dickens’ Hard Times. It upset the Church authorities by being thoroughly secular as well as by teaching what was called (at various times), ‘political economy’ or the ‘science of human well-being’. The Birkbeck Schools spread throughout the country and still exist.
Ravenscroft’s Birkbeck Bank
Authors: Bourke Joanna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Birkbeck Land and Building Society and Birkbeck Bank were the creations of Francis Ravenscroft, who joined the London Mechanics’ Institution in 1848 and was a very active member of the LMI’s management committee throughout his life. The bank shared premises with the LMI in the Southampton Building and the LMI would probably not have survived without its support. The bank and LMI even published their prospectuses in the same booklet and many of the directors of the building society were members of the LMI. The building society and the bank played leading roles in the spread of a property-based citizenry as well as suburbanization. Ravenscroft was instrumental in acquiring Bream’s Building for the LMI.
Minoritized Communities
Authors: Bourke Joanna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Birkbeck has always been a diverse community of scholars, students, and staff. This chapter focuses on certain social groups who have experienced historical marginalization and minoritization. It starts with the experiences of Marcus Garvey, who joined the London Mechanics’ Institution in 1912 and, on returning to Jamaica immediately afterwards, co-founded the Universal Negro Improvement and Conservation Association and African Communities League. The chapter then turns to a debate between two Birkbeck students from the West Indies—‘Sammy’ Samnadan-Pillai and John Searchwell—about race and racism in the College. The first Black professor at Birkbeck was ‘Bertie’ Hines, in the Department of Economics, who was also an active proponent of Black arts and culture. One of the way marginalized people entered the academy was via the Centre for Extra-Mural Studies (or Faculty for Lifelong Learning), which taught cutting-edge subjects such as women’s history, feminism, and sexuality studies.
Hares versus Rabbits; Or, Social Lives
Authors: Bourke Joanna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Hares’ was the name for Birkbeck students who skipped with great speed between the various academic and social programmes offered by the College, while ‘Rabbits’ simply attended lectures and returned home. Sporting and other social activities were more common at Birkbeck prior to the Second World War and were tied to exploration, empire, ‘muscular masculinity’, and ‘character’. In the early decades of the London Mechanics’ Institution, gymnastics were in vogue, influenced by the German Turnen movement. In 1920, Birkbeck acquired the Greenford playing field, on which it built a pavilion in 1928. The students also held annual dinners, published their own magazines (the most notable of which was The Lodestone), and started numerous societies. The chapter also explores what little is known about the sex lives of students. In the interwar years, the College was home to William Joyce, a leading fascist who went on to become ‘Lord Haw-Haw’, spouting propaganda for the Nazis. More typically, Birkbeck’s students and staff have supported refugees from all over the world.
The Students’ ‘Joy-Night’
Authors: Bourke Joanna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Once a year, Birkbeck students went wild. They would dress up and, while making lots of noise, would waylay the Foundation Day speaker and cart him through the streets to the College’s theatre. Once there, they sang silly songs, beat drums, released balloons and streamers, and mocked the authorities. This was carnivalesque, ‘authorized transgression’. It was called a student ‘rag’ or ‘Joy-Night’. In 1928, however, one ‘rag’ went horribly wrong, leading to the students attacking King’s College London and causing damage. ‘Ragging’ flourished in the interwar years because of specific contexts, including the violence of the 1914–18 war, economic depression, social upheaval, the rise of fascism (including in Birkbeck itself), and underlying tensions about another war-to-come. From 1939, however, a more serious mood crept over university culture as well as British life more generally. Austerity was not conducive to the wild pelting of eggs and flour. Birkbeck students were also increasingly part time and older: they had less time for the high jinks of their predecessors. Although (unlike at other universities) women, as well as men, participated in rags at Birkbeck, shifts in the gender of students also had an effect. Graduates of the post-war period were known for their solemnity: a degree meant a great deal to this post-war generation.
Radical Intellectuals
Authors: Bourke Joanna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Birkbeck has been home to many radical intellectuals, largely on the ‘left’ but not necessarily members of the Communist Party. They were more pluralistic than the earlier generation of post-war Marxists as represented by Hobsbawm and Bernal. In particular, Birkbeck has been an innovative hub for radical politics and sociology, activist social theory, critical legal studies, and innovative approaches to the past. Academics in these disciplines saw themselves as ‘value-orientated intellectuals’. They emphasized ethical engagement, political engagement, methodological heterogeneity, and open, fierce debate across schools of thought and political positions. They were particularly incensed by oppressions based on racism, misogyny, and classism. They saw themselves as activists, protesting the harms caused by inequalities.
Why Does Process Research Require Us to Notice Differently?
Authors: Revsbæk Line , Simpson Barbara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This introductory chapter sets out the implications of process ontology for the doing, reading, and writing of process research in organizations, emphasizing its relevance for the ongoing development of process organization studies. It explores the theoretical and cultural bases of process philosophy, extending these by drawing in the contemporary theorizing of writers such as Deleuze and Guattari, Spivak, Ingold, Braidotti, Stewart, and St Pierre. The central argument is that process ontology re-conditions the ways in which empirical researchers notice what is happening, shifting attention away from the methodologies of entity-based research towards the situationally attuned production of worldings that emerge with and within living experience. In a transversal reading of the nine contributed chapters, the authors trace the mycelial threads of a vibrant web of resonances travelling within and beyond this book.
Literary Rebels
Authors: Jaillant Lise 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe introduction gives an overview of the growth of creative writing programmes in Anglo-American universities, which has accelerated in the past three decades. It summarizes recent scholarship on the Iowa Writers’ Workshop and other programmes that emerged in the mid-twentieth century in the United States. It points out the main gaps in this scholarship: (1) the history of creative writing programmes in Britain has been largely neglected; and (2) the approach has been mostly literary-sociological and many rich archives have been entirely overlooked. The opening of new archival collections in Texas also sheds new light on the history of creative writing programmes in Britain.
Think Global, Act Local
Authors: Jaillant Lise 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChapter 1 focuses on Paul Engle, who directed the Iowa Writers’ Workshop from the 1940s to the mid-1960s. Born and raised in a small Iowan town, Engle spent time studying in Oxford on a Rhodes scholarship, before returning to his home state. He was both a cosmopolitan and a regionalist, an uncomfortable position that he turned into an asset. The duality of Engle’s personal brand influenced the positioning of the Workshop—a programme both anchored in the Midwest and opened to the world. Drawing on little-known documents in the University of Iowa archives, this chapter shows that Engle transformed creative writing at Iowa by embracing internationalism and reinventing regionalism.
Fighting Organization Man
Authors: Jaillant Lise 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTurning from the West to the East Coast, Chapter 4 shows the central role of the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) in the post-war funding landscape. In the late 1940s and 1950s, the Foundation privileged support for New Critics and their university-based little magazines (including the Kenyon Review and the Sewanee Review) and awarded fellowships in creative writing to the University of Iowa. But in the late 1950s and 1960s, RF officers started having doubts about this institutional approach. In response to criticisms of the university system as a source of conformity, they decided to fund individual writers independently of academic affiliations. The example of the RF’s changing policy illustrates a turning point in the image of creative writing programmes. As these programmes developed across the country, they were increasingly accused of stifling creativity and threatening the autonomy of writers.
Introduction
Authors: de la Porte Caroline , Eydal Guðný Björk , Kauko Jaakko , Nohrstedt Daniel , ‘t Hart Paul , Sofus Tranøy Bent 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This introductory chapter sets out the objectives, approach and methodology of this volume. The main rationale for the volume is to identify, reconstruct and narrate instances of governments in Nordic countries ‘getting it right’, and to do so in a manner that is analytically robust yet presented in easy-to-read and helpful-to-teach case-study narratives. It presents the central analytical tool that all case studies use, the PPPE assessment framework, which calls on analysts to ascertain cases against programmatic, process, political and endurance criteria. And it situates the question of individual instances of policy successes in Nordic instances in the context of the broader narrative about a ‘Nordic’ approach to politics, governance and public policy, in particular but not limited to socio-economic policies and the ethos and architecture of welfare states in Northern Europe. It concludes by offering some emerging patterns of success-enabling factors across the cases and by formulating implications for future research.
Organic Food and Farming Policy in Denmark
Authors: Daugbjerg Carsten , Schvartzman Yonatan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Denmark is leading globally in promoting organic food consumption. The Danish organic food and farming policy is innovative, applying a wide range of policy instruments that affect both the supply and demand sides of the organic market. The relatively strong focus on demand-side policy measures has had a significantly positive effect on consumption. Formation of governance arrangements that integrated both mainstream and organic interest groups in policymaking have facilitated a consensus-oriented policy process based on a broad agreement that organic farming should be considered an integral part of the Danish food and farming industry. At the political level, a broad political coalition supporting the policy developed in the early stages of policy formation. The policy domain never developed into an arena of party competition and therefore dissenting voices within the farming community have been unable to gain a foothold in the policy debate. Policy endurance has been ensured by periodic action plans that have launched new initiatives and revised existing measures.
An All Too Successful Reform?
Authors: Bergh Andreas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In 1997 Sweden implemented a top-down budget reform, according to which voting over the budget starts with a vote on a nominally defined expenditure ceiling, and where proposals for public spending increases in an area must be balanced by expenditure cuts within the same area. After the reform, sovereign debt in Sweden fell substantially. This chapter describes why budget reforms are considered difficult to implement and discusses why Sweden nevertheless succeeded in doing so. Four factors are identified: forward looking political parties, bridge builders between academia and politics, a well-functioning system of commissions, and social learning from past experiences of economic problems. Assessed using the PPPE-framework, the reform comes close to being a complete success, but a discussion has emerged according to which it may have been too successful and kept public spending undesirably low.
Gender Equal Parental Leave Use in Sweden
Authors: Duvander Ann-Zofie , Cedstrand Sofie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sweden was the first country in the world to introduce paid parental leave that was available to both mothers and fathers. However, even more fame has come from the introduction of the reserved months, also known as the ‘daddy month’ (or daddy quota), in 1995. This reform has been seen as a success not just for the political actors at the time but perhaps foremost as it has radically changed fathers’ take-up of leave. Also, the first reserved month has been followed by another two months and the idea of separate parts in the parental leave system for each parent can today be seen as consolidated. Shared parental leave is aimed to increase gender equality by a more fair division of labour, especially childcare. The chapter traces the development of what led up to the reserved months’ introduction and what happened in the wake of the reform.
Paid Parental Leave in Iceland
Authors: Arnalds Ásdís Aðalbjörg , Eydal Guðný Björk , Gíslason Ingólfur V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In May 2000 the Icelandic parliament unanimously adopted a new law on parental leave. The law meant radical changes in the situation of parents. Both parents got the right to three months of non-transferable leave with 80 per cent of salary. For years to come no other country offered fathers this long leave with similar economic compensation. In addition to the individual rights, parents had three months that they could divide as they liked. The stated goals of the law were to ensure that children received care from both parents and to make it easier for men and women to combine paid work and family life. We discuss what led to this law and show why it can be called a success. We show the main players, what the situation was like in Iceland when the law was adopted, and discuss changes that have been made to the law. Repeated surveys among first-time parents as well as statistics from the Parental Leave Fund show huge changes. From day one the great majority of fathers have made use of their right and they have greatly increased their participation in care for their children. We can safely state that the goal of ensuring that children receive care from both parents has been achieved.