bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use and Efficacy of Biological Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Danish Tertiary Centre 2010–2020
Authors: Wewer Mads Damsgaard , Arp Laura , Sarikaya Melek , Felding Oluf Krautwald , Vind Ida , Pedersen Gitte , Mertz-Nielsen Anette , Kiszka-Kanowitz Marianne , Boysen Trine , Theede Klaus , Petersen Andreas Munk , Nordgaard-Lassen Inge , Bendtsen Flemming , Burisch Johan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who receive biologicals frequently experience lack or loss of response. Our aim was to describe the use and efficacy of biological therapy in a tertiary IBD center.

Methods
We included all bio-naive IBD patients who initiated biological therapy between 2010 and 2020 at our centre. Their medical records were reviewed.

Results
The population consisted of 327 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, 291 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 3 patients with IBD unclassified (IBDU). The median follow-up was 3 years (interquartile range = 2–5) after initiating therapy. The annual number of patients initiating biological therapy rose from 29 (2010) to 85 (2019). Most patients (457, 73.6%) received 1 biological drug; 164 (26.4%) patients received 2 or more biologicals. Primary lack of response was observed in 36.4% (106/291) and 17.4% (57/327) of UC and CD patients; loss of response was observed in 27.1% (79/291) and 31.5% (103/327) of UC and CD patients, respectively. The 5-year surgery rates were 26.6% and 20.4% in UC and CD patients, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression showed that treatment with thiopurine reduced the likelihood of needing to switch biological therapy, requiring surgery or corticosteroids in UC patients (HR: 0.745, 95% CI: 0.559–0.993), but not in CD patients (HR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.736–1.349).

Conclusions
The annual number of IBD patients initiated on biological therapy increased considerably between 2010 and 2020. One-quarter of these patients required surgery after 5 years. Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of concurrent thiopurines for UC patients receiving biologicals, but this was not found for CD patients. This effect in UC patients was not observed when we included patients initiating thiopurines up to 6 months after the introduction of biological therapy.
Zebrafish models of COVID-19
Authors: Tyrkalska Sylwia D , Candel Sergio , Pedoto Annamaria , García-Moreno Diana , Alcaraz-Pérez Francisca , Sánchez-Ferrer Álvaro , Cayuela María L , Mulero Victoriano 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough COVID-19 has only recently appeared, research studies have already developed and implemented many animal models for deciphering the secrets of the disease and provided insights into the biology of SARS-CoV-2. However, there are several major factors that complicate the study of this virus in model organisms, such as the poor infectivity of clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 in some model species, and the absence of persistent infection, immunopathology, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and, in general, all the systemic complications which characterize COVID-19 clinically. Another important limitation is that SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes severe COVID-19 in older people with comorbidities, which represents a serious problem when attempting to use young and immunologically naïve laboratory animals in COVID-19 testing. We review here the main animal models developed so far to study COVID-19 and the unique advantages of the zebrafish model that may help to contribute to understand this disease, in particular to the identification and repurposing of drugs to treat COVID-19, to reveal the mechanism of action and side-effects of Spike-based vaccines, and to decipher the high susceptibility of aged people to COVID-19.
Regulatory and metabolic adaptations in the nitrogen assimilation of marine picocyanobacteria
Authors: Díez J , López-Lozano A , Domínguez-Martín M A , Gómez-Baena G , Muñoz-Marín M C , Melero-Rubio Y , García-Fernández J M 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProchlorococcus and Synechococcus are the two most abundant photosynthetic organisms on Earth, with a strong influence on the biogeochemical carbon and nitrogen cycles. Early reports demonstrated the streamlining of regulatory mechanisms in nitrogen metabolism and the removal of genes not strictly essential. The availability of a large series of genomes, and the utilization of latest generation molecular techniques have allowed elucidating the main mechanisms developed by marine picocyanobacteria to adapt to the environments where they thrive, with a particular interest in the strains inhabiting oligotrophic oceans. Given that nitrogen is often limited in those environments, a series of studies have explored the strategies utilized by Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus to exploit the low concentrations of nitrogen-containing molecules available in large areas of the oceans. These strategies include the reduction in the GC and the cellular protein contents; the utilization of truncated proteins; a reduced average amount of N in the proteome; the development of metabolic mechanisms to perceive and utilize nanomolar nitrate concentrations; and the reduced responsiveness of key molecular regulatory systems such as NtcA to 2-oxoglutarate. These findings are in sharp contrast with the large body of knowledge obtained in freshwater cyanobacteria. We will outline the main discoveries, stressing their relevance to the ecological success of these important microorganisms.
Identification of genetic interactions with priB links the PriA/PriB DNA replication restart pathway to double-strand DNA break repair in Escherichia coli
Authors: McKenzie Aidan M , Henry Camille , Myers Kevin S , Place Michael M , Keck James L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Collisions between DNA replication complexes (replisomes) and impediments such as damaged DNA or proteins tightly bound to the chromosome lead to premature dissociation of replisomes at least once per cell cycle in Escherichia coli. Left unrepaired, these events produce incompletely replicated chromosomes that cannot be properly partitioned into daughter cells. DNA replication restart, the process that reloads replisomes at prematurely terminated sites, is therefore essential in E. coli and other bacteria. Three replication restart pathways have been identified in E. coli: PriA/PriB, PriA/PriC, and PriC/Rep. A limited number of genetic interactions between replication restart and other genome maintenance pathways have been defined, but a systematic study placing replication restart reactions in a broader cellular context has not been performed. We have utilized transposon-insertion sequencing to identify new genetic interactions between DNA replication restart pathways and other cellular systems. Known genetic interactors with the priB replication restart gene (uniquely involved in the PriA/PriB pathway) were confirmed and several novel priB interactions were discovered. Targeted genetic and imaging-based experiments with priB and its genetic partners revealed significant double-strand DNA break accumulation in strains with mutations in dam, rep, rdgC, lexA, or polA. Modulating the activity of the RecA recombinase partially suppressed the detrimental effects of rdgC or lexA mutations in ΔpriB cells. Taken together, our results highlight roles for several genes in double-strand DNA break homeostasis and define a genetic network that facilitates DNA repair/processing upstream of PriA/PriB-mediated DNA replication restart in E. coli.
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Widows’ Experiences of Grief, Identity, and Support: A Qualitative Study of Relationships Following the Loss of a Spouse or Partner
Authors: Valenti Korijna G , Hahn Sarah , Enguidanos Susan , Quinn Gwendolyn , de Medeiros Kate 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Research with lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) older widows rarely focuses on familial relationships. Studies on heterosexual spousal bereavement indicate older widows face issues influencing identity but show resilience by maintaining close relationships with adult children and extended family. Though research with older LGB widows suggests similarities around loss and resilience, grief and family engagement are markedly different.

Methods
Guided by Relational Cultural Theory, which illuminates how LGB women cope through connection/disconnection, this qualitative descriptive study employed semistructured, open-ended interviews with 16 LGB women, 60–85 years of age from across the United States who had lost a spouse or partner within the past 5 years. We conducted interviews regarding the perception of self as bereaved LGB women and sustained or altered relationships with biological and chosen families following the loss of their spouses/partners.

Results
Findings are illustrated in three themes around acceptance, support, and identity. Participants: (a) experienced differing levels of acceptance, tolerance, and inclusion from biological families; (b) experienced family or friends “disappearing” or providing critical support following a spouse/partner’s death; and (c) negotiated challenges by creating or seeking out families of choice, new communities, and a better understanding of themselves.

Discussion
While LGB widows share some grief experiences with heterosexual widows, they also experience varying biological family acceptance and support, as well as the need for friends and families of choice as advocates. It is important to recognize the unique consequences of spousal loss for this population and be cognizant of the differences in normative grief.
Definition and Contextual Factors of Nursing Home Residents’ Mobility in a Holistic View: A Delphi Study
Authors: Vogel Oliver , Otto Ann-Kathrin , Zimmel Hanna , Hinrichs Timo , Giannouli Eleftheria , Wollesen Bettina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Current definitions of older adults’ mobility do not cover the full range of influencing factors and do not consider nursing home residents. The present study reports expert ratings from a Delphi study regarding factors influencing the mobility of long-term nursing home residents.

Research Design and Methods
We invited 129 professionals with expertise in a field relevant to research on mobility in older adults such as health care, medicine, or human movement science to participate in a Delphi study comprising 3 rounds of online questionnaires. Up to 40 experts participated in each round. In the first round, we used open-ended questions to solicit possible definitions, contextual factors, and assessment tools. In the second round, the participants used Likert scales (1–10) to rate their suitability. In the final round, we presented a definition based on consensus as well as the top-rated contextual factors and assessment tools from the first 2 rounds for a final rating of agreement.

Results
The experts showed broad agreement on the final version of the mobility definition, with 8.9 ± 1.4 (mean ± standard deviation) out of 10 points. The experts also showed broad consensus on the selected contextual factors, with 8.4 ± 1.8 points to 8.9 ± 1.2 points (out of 10 points). This was also the case for the top 3 assessment tools selected from results of previous rounds, which showed an agreement of 7 or more points (out of 10 points) by 81.6% to 100% of all experts in the different categories.

Discussion and Implications
Given that an interdisciplinary group of experts considered various hitherto neglected contextual factors as relevant, the Delphi survey and its results imply the need for an updated interdisciplinary and holistic understanding of mobility in nursing home residents and can provide a basis for putting it into practice.
Counting stars: contribution of early career scientists to marine and fisheries sciences
Authors: Smoliński Szymon , Ottmann Daniel , Outinen Okko , Schadeberg Amanda , Melli Valentina , Funk Lara , Denechaud Côme , Wieczorek Alina , Orio Alessandro , Mussgnug Robert , Morkūnė Rasa , Vereide Emilie Hernes , Zdulska Maja , Phillips Genevieve , Lishchenko Fedor , Srėbalienė Greta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractScientific careers and publishing have radically changed in recent decades creating an increasingly competitive environment for early career scientists (ECS). The lack of quantitative data available on ECS in marine and fisheries sciences prevents direct assessment of the consequences of increased competitiveness. We assessed the contributions of ECS (up to 6 years post first publication) to the field using an indirect approach by investigating the authorships of peer-reviewed articles. We analysed 118461 papers published by 184561 authors in the top 20 marine and fisheries sciences journals over the years 1991–2020. We identified a positive long-term trend in the proportion of scientific articles (co-)authored by ECS. This suggests a growing contribution by ECS to publications in the field. However, the mean proportion of ECS (co-)authors within one publication declined significantly over the study period. Subsequent tests demonstrated that articles with ECS (co-)authors receive fewer citations and that the proportion of ECS (co-)authors on an article has a significant negative effect on the number of citations. We discuss the potential causes of these inequalities and urge systematic support to ECS to achieve more balanced opportunities for funding and publishing between ECS and senior scientists.
Who Joins and Who Fights? Explaining Tacit Coalition Behavior among Civil War Actors
Authors: Steinwand Martin C , Metternich Nils W 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhich armed organizations form coalitions despite the inherent difficulties of cooperation in civil wars? We introduce the concept of tacit coalitions, which pertains to strategic and informal coalition behavior between civil war actors to address this puzzle. Our theoretical model of coalition behavior takes in theater-wide conflict behavior to allow for predictions that coalitions are more likely to form. It provides novel insights into the way military synergies within potential coalitions affect the trade-off between pooling resources and worrying about the division of gains. The empirical section finds considerable support for our theoretical argument that actors are more likely to engage in tacit coalition behavior (1) if potential coalitions are power balanced, (2) if joint capability of potential coalitions is not too high, and (3) when coalitions can unlock synergies. In addition, it produces evidence for the important role of geography and ethnic ties in generating military synergies.
Fast and New Microbiological Method for Evaluating the Potency of Marbofloxacin-Based Tablets
Authors: Ferreira Raissa Gabrielle Lima , Da Silva Júnior João Roberto , Torres Ieda Maria Sapateiro , Kogawa Ana Carolina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Marbofloxacin (MAR) is an antimicrobial belonging to the fluoroquinolone class and is marketed in the form of tablets. There is no microbiological monograph in official compendia to evaluate the potency of the final product. Furthermore, the literature is scarce in this context.

Objective
The objective is to develop and validate a microbiological method by turbidimetry to evaluate the potency of MAR-based tablets, based on the principles of green analytical chemistry.

Methods
Purified water–ethanol (9 + 1, v/v) was used as diluent to prepare the MAR solutions at concentrations of 0.25, 0.8, and 2.56 µg/mL, brain heart infusion (BHI) broth as culture media, E. coli American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 25922 at 10% and incubation in a shaker at 37°C for 4 h were used in the method.

Results
The method was: linear in the range of 0.25 to 2.56 µg/mL; selective against the sample adjuvants; precise (intra-day RSD 2.26%, inter-day RSD 3.49%, and inter-analyst RSD 3.59%); accurate with a recovery of 100.20%; and robust against changes in culture medium volume in the tube, shaker rotation, and incubation temperature in the shaker. The potency of MAR tablets was 96.98% using the proposed method.

Conclusion
The turbidimetric method developed is a new, fast, and optimized option to the routine QC of MAR in tablets, since it allows the evaluation of the drug's potency in the final product and can be used to complement the results of the physicochemical analysis, in addition to being a green and sustainable alternative.

Highlights
The work shows an ecological and green alternative to the routine microbiological pharmaceutical analysis of MAR tablets.
Castration alters the cecal microbiota and inhibits growth in Holstein cattle
Authors: Li Zemin , Shi Jinping , Lei Yu , Wu Jianping , Zhang Rui , Zhang Xiao , Jia Li , Wang Ying , Ma Yue , He Pengjia , Ma Yannan , Cheng Qiang , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Ke , Lei Zhaomin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To determine the effects of castration on growth performance, serum hormone levels, cecal microbiota composition, and metabolites in cattle. A total of 18 Holstein bulls and steers were divided into bull and steer groups and randomly assigned to 3 pens (3 cattle per pen, and each cattle were separated by a fence) to determine the average daily gain (ADG), daily dry matter intake (DMI), and feed efficiency (G/F). After the finishing trial, six cattle per group were randomly slaughtered. Serum was collected to measure the hormone concentration, and the cecal content was collected to measure the pH, short-chain fatty acids, and digestive enzyme activities. Metagenome sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were used to investigate the microbiota composition, functional profiles, and differential metabolites of the cecal contents. We found that castration significantly decreased ADG, DMI, and G/F in cattle (P &lt; 0.05). The serum testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone (P &lt; 0.05), and triiodothyronine (P &lt; 0.01) concentrations significantly decreased in the steer group when compared to those of the bull group. The activities of cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase (P &lt; 0.05) significantly decreased in the steer group, whereas the activities of lipase and α-amylase significantly increased. Moreover, castration significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_bacterium, Treponema_porcinum, Oscillibacter_sp. (P &lt; 0.05), and Alistipes_senegalensis (P &lt; 0.01), whereas the relative abundance of Phocaeicola_plebeius (P &lt; 0.05) was significantly increased. Also, the relative abundance of Phocaeicola_plebeius was negatively correlated with testosterone levels, and the function of the cecal microbiota was enriched in the GH29 and GH97 families in the steer group. Metabolomic analysis indicated that castration increased the levels of L-valine, L-phenylalanine, L-aspartic acid, L-isoleucine, L-lysine, methionine, L-glutamic acid, and L-leucine, while decreasing the levels of α-ketoglutaric acid through the 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism pathway. In addition, α-ketoglutaric acid was negatively correlated with Oscillibacter_sp. (P &lt; 0.01). Overall, castration can inhibit cattle growth by altering the composition of the cecal microbiota. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical and practical basis for improving the growth performance of steers.
Race, Locality, and Representative Bureaucracy: Does Community Bias Matter?
Authors: Park Joohyung , Favero Nathan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Despite burgeoning research on representative bureaucracy theory, there is limited examination of how environmental contexts shape the manner in which the demographic makeup of a bureaucracy is linked to distributional bureaucratic outcomes. Scholars in the field of social psychology, however, have suggested that community-level variation in the pervasiveness of biases against particular social groups helps to explain inequitable outcomes in such diverse settings as education, policing, and health care. Incorporating social psychology research into representative bureaucracy theory, this article examines how community racial biases shape the association between the demographic makeup of an organization’s personnel and its bureaucratic outcomes. Using county-level implicit and explicit bias measures that are estimated by multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP) based on a dataset containing more than 1.2 million respondents, we find that more inequitable educational outcomes occur for black students in counties where white residents hold stronger anti-black biases. Our findings also suggest that while black teachers are associated with more favorable outcomes for black students in the zero-sum context of assignment to gifted classes, the association of outcomes with passive representation is more limited in counties with strong racial biases. By accounting for the racial biases exhibited in the communities where both clients and bureaucrats are socially and culturally embedded, this article extends our understanding of how contextual factors shape the nature of bureaucratic representation.
Hidden Religious Identities Online
Authors: Tsuria Ruth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the study of LGBTQIA+ religious identities online. Reviewing the limited scholarship on the intersection of queer studies, sexuality, gender, and religion, three key themes from the broader digital religion field were identified: community, authority, and identity. Each theme further highlighted a specific tension: offline-online community interactions, resisting-strengthening religious authority, and validation-discreditation of LGBT+ religious identity. While these themes and tensions are also found in digital religion, because LGBTQIA+ issues are usually a contentious topic in religious contexts, this interaction uniquely stresses the ways that digital media are used anonymously or for advocacy and activism.
Past, Present, and Potential Futures of Digital Hinduism Research
Authors: Zeiler Xenia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the varied scope of past, present, and potential future research on digital Hinduism, highlighting central themes, approaches, and perspectives. It proceeds chronologically and begins with prevailing thematic foci and lines of inquiry in the early days, considering how these lay a groundwork for current studies. The early days saw a particular academic interest in Hindu online practices. In the more recent past and the present, and with ongoing recognition and diversifying of the field, the ways of studying the increasingly important intersection of Hinduism and digital media encompass increasing numbers of frameworks and methodologies. To exemplify currently prominent and important themes and theoretical and methodical approaches, the chapter specifically discusses mediatization, actor-centered research, and an exemplary novel digital space, video games. Finally, the conclusion provides an outlook on the potential future(s) of digital Hinduism research.
New Religious Movements and the Internet
Authors: Guillory Margarita Simon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of scholarship on new religious movements (NRMs) and the Internet. A brief snapshot of NRM studies provides a meaningful context in discussing past, present, and future works committed to the exploration of new religions in digital religion studies. As will be shown, thematic concerns that characterized the former subfield are also present in past and present research that focuses on the intersections between NRMs and computer-mediated communication. What follows is a historical tracing of this scholarship, with special attention given to studies that occupy the liminal spaces between NRM studies and digital religion studies.