bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High lifelong cognitive reserve prolongs disability‐free survival: The role of cognitive function
Authors: Li Xuerui , Yang Wenzhe , Wang Jiao , Dove Abigail , Qi Xiuying , Bennett David A. , Xu Weili 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe association between cognitive reserve (CR) and survival with independence is unknown. We examined whether lifelong CR accumulation is associated with disability‐free survival and explored the extent to which cognitive function mediates this association.MethodsWithin the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1633 dementia‐ and disability‐free participants were followed annually for up to 22 years. Lifelong CR including education, early‐/mid‐/late‐life cognitive activities, and late‐life social activity was assessed and tertiled.ResultsCR score was dose‐dependently associated with disability/death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–0.99). Compared to low CR, the HR (95% CI) of disability/death was 0.82 (0.70–0.95) for high CR. The median disability‐free survival time was prolonged by 0.99 (95% CI 0.28–1.71) years for participants with high CR. Cognitive function mediated 35.7% of the association between CR and disability‐free survival.DiscussionHigh lifelong CR was associated with prolonged disability‐free survival. Cognitive function mediates about one‐third of this association. Our findings underscore the importance of CR for healthy aging.
Serum Beta‐Synuclein Is Higher in Down Syndrome and Precedes Rise of pTau181
Authors: Oeckl Patrick , Wagemann Olivia , Halbgebauer Steffen , Anderl‐Straub Sarah , Nuebling Georg , Prix Catharina , Loosli Sandra V. , Wlasich Elisabeth , Danek Adrian , Steinacker Petra , Ludolph Albert C. , Levin Johannes , Otto Markus 
Published: March 2022

This exploratory case–control study investigates the synaptic marker beta‐synuclein in serum and plasma pTau181 in adults with Down syndrome (DS) with (sDS, n = 14) and without (aDS, n = 47) clinical symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD) as well as euploid controls (n = 23). Beta‐synuclein was higher in aDS and more pronounced in sDS (p < 0.0001), whereas pTau181 was only higher in sDS (p < 0.0001). Both markers showed good discriminatory power (area under the curve > 0.90) to distinguish symptomatic from asymptomatic AD. The data indicate that synaptic alterations belong to the earliest AD‐associated events in DS and highlight the value of serum beta‐synuclein as a potential early marker of AD. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:6–10
Exploring the reinforcing mechanism and micromechanical models for the interphase characteristics in melt mixed XLPE‐fumed SiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Thomas Jince , Thomas Minu Elizabeth , Abraham Jiji , Francis Bejoy , Ahmad Zakiah , Patanair Bindu , Saiter‐Fourcin Allisson , Jaroszewski Maciej , Rouxel Didier , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present an experimental and theoretical exploration of well‐dispersed, distinctively stable, fumed SiO2 crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) nanocomposites. The mechanical properties of fumed SiO2 /XLPE nanocomposites were assessed with different concentrations of fumed SiO2, which had noticed that network morphology was immensely influential for the performance of mechanical properties. A reasonable exploration of micromechanical models of composites indicated that the theories of Nicolais–Narkis, and Pukanszky provided an excellent fit to yield strength data of the composites considering the effect of the interphase between XLPE and SiO2. Furthermore, it highlights that the experimental data can be superimposed with the static micromechanical models of Nicolais–Narkis, and Pukanszky. Owing to the proper dispersion of the SiO2 nanospheres in the XLPE matrix, the filler‐polymer interactions are found to be enhanced. Moreover, it resulted in the excellent insulation properties of the nanocomposites, which makes it a better candidate for electrical cable insulating materials. The combined results of structural characterizations by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Atomic Force, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (AFM, TEM) confirmed the role of fumed SiO2 as a reinforcing mediator in the current system.
P(LLA‐co‐PDO) copolymers with random and block architectures: Synthesis and characterizations
Authors: Yin Junyi , Zhao Quan , Shen Yuxiang , He Bin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiodegradable polymers are important in medical applications including absorbable medical devices and drug delivery systems. Copolymerization is an effective approach to extent the diversity of biodegradable polymers with combined certain properties of each components. In order to receive biodegradable polymers possess both advantages of poly(l‐lactide) and poly(p‐dioxanone), a series of biodegradable poly(l‐lactide‐co‐p‐dioxanone) (P(LLA‐co‐PDO)) copolymers with random and block architectures were synthesized via one‐step or two‐step ring‐opening polymerizations of L‐lactide (LLA) and p‐dioxanone (PDO) monomers in the presence of stannous octoate [Sn(Oct)2]. The compositions of PDO in random copolymers were much lower than those in feeding doses, implying low reactivity of PDO in the copolymerization. The molecular weights of PPDO segments and the ratios between PPDO and LLA were the key factors to affect the compositions of PLLA‐PPDO‐PLLA triblock copolymers in two‐step polymerization. The thermal, mechanical and degradation properties of the copolymers were investigated. The amorphous and semi‐crystalline P(LLA‐co‐PDO) copolymers are potentially utilized in biomedical applications.
School playgroups: Which features of provision matter?
Authors: Edwards Susan , McLean Karen , Bartlett Jacinta , Nolan Andrea , Evangelou Maria , Henderson Michael , Skouteris Helen , Tarasuik Joanne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper identifies the shared features of provision in exemplar school playgroups defined using the social capital concepts of bonding and bridging relationships. Relationships promote capabilities amongst people, with play a known capability for advancing children's developmental and educational outcomes. By attending to the bonding and bridging relationships in each school playgroup, exemplar groups were identified and studied to reveal their shared features of provision. Six main features of provision were identified, including materials, facilitator, space, location, scheduling and health and safety. Awareness of these features may benefit school leaders and/or governance seeking to implement a school playgroup within their own community. Findings from this project suggest high‐performing school playgroups can operate in areas of lower and higher socioeconomic status and/or parental education, and in regional and rural areas.
Simultaneous determination of novel β‐lactamase inhibitor WCK 4234 and Meropenem in dog plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to preclinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Patil Kiran , Pathan Amin , Naik Sukanta , Zope Vineet , Chavan Rajesh , Yeole Ravindra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA precise and accurate liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) bioanalytical method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of WCK 4234 and meropenem (MEM) in dog plasma. Protein precipitation using acetonitrile was employed as a sample preparation approach. Cefepime was used as an internal standard. The developed method was selective, sensitive (limit of quantification, 0.075 μg/ml for both drugs), accurate (recovery > 90%), precise (CV < 10%) and linear (r2 ≥ 0.99, concentration range 0.075–120 μg/ml for both analytes). The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of both drugs in plasma to assess the pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. WCK 4234 + MEM in a 1:1 ratio at 15 + 15 and 30 + 30 mg/kg doses were administered by the intravenous route. The mean plasma concentration and area under the concentration–time curve of WCK 4234 ranged from 38.3 to 77.4 μg/ml and from 47.8 to 77.1 μg h/ml, respectively, and the values for MEM ranged from 52.2 to 115.3 μg/ml and 70.5 to 133.6 μg h/ml respectively. The elimination half‐life of WCK 4234 and MEM was around 0.8 h.
Factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly: A structural equation model by gender differences
Authors: Mahmoodi Zohreh , Yazdkhasti Mansoureh , Rostami Mahnoosh , Ghavidel Nooshin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThere are few studies on the gender differences in mental health, happiness, and their related factors among the older population through the structural equation model (SEM) in Iran. We conducted this study to evaluate the factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly using an SEM by gender differences.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 739 elderly people in 2019 in Karaj, Iran. Sociodemographic, Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL90‐R), and the Oxford Happiness Inventory were applied to evaluate the relationships between happiness, mental health, and sociodemographic factors by using statistical path analysis with Lisrel 8.8 and SPSS‐17.ResultsOverall, 55.5% of the participants in the study were female. The SCL90 (p value = .000) and happiness (p value = .000) scores showed significant differences between men and women. Fit indices confirmed the high model fitness, desirability, and logical relationships between the variables according to the conceptual model in both men (X2 = 3.2, df = 1) and women (X2 = 5.4, df = 2) groups. According to the path analysis, among the variables that affected happiness just through the direct path, education had the most positive causal relationship in men (B = .13) and women (B = .16), but mental health problems in men (B = −.33) and women (B = −.26), as well as the distance from home to the healthcare center in men (B = −.13) and women (B = −.11), had the most negative causal relationship with happiness respectively. Age was the only variable that was negatively related to happiness through direct and indirect paths in the women (B = −.188).ConclusionWe provided an empirical model that illustrates the relationships between happiness, mental health, and related factors in the older population. Gender differences in path analysis showed that age negatively affects the happiness of older women but not men.
Metal–organic framework‐derived phosphide nanomaterials for electrochemical applications
Authors: Wang Xinlan , Zhang Guangxun , Yin Wei , Zheng Shasha , Kong Qingquan , Tian Jingqi , Pang Huan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBecause of features, such as adjustable structures, high porosity, and high crystallinity, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) deservedly have received considerable attention. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvements in the electrical conductivity and chemical stability of some MOFs, because of which they cannot be utilized as electrode materials. Fortunately, MOF derivatives have received widespread attention in recent years, especially phosphide materials, which are widely used in practical applications because of their outstanding conductivity, excellent specific surface area, and standout charge mobility. In this review, the latest developments of MOF‐derived phosphides in electrocatalysis related to energy, including the excellent performance in terms of electrochemical energy storage and ingenious strategies, and diversified synthetic approaches have been emphasized and summarized. Additionally, the arduous task and feasible proposals of MOF‐derived phosphides are also discussed.
Comparison between the double‐syringe and the single‐syringe techniques of adenosine administration for terminating supraventricular tachycardia: A pilot, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kotruchin Praew , Chaiyakhan Itchaya‐on , Kamonsri Phimonphorn , Chantapoh Wittawin , Serewiwattana Nattapat , Kaweenattayanon Nayawadee , Narangsiya Nattacha , Lorcharassriwong Piyangkul , Korsakul Kittithat , Thawepornpuriphong Punnapat , Tirapuritorn Tanachoke , Mitsungnern Thapanawong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdenosine has been recommended as a first‐line treatment for stable supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Standard guidelines recommend 6‐mg of adenosine administered intravenously (IV) with an immediate 20‐ml IV bolus of normal saline solution (NSS; double syringe technique [DST]). However, a newly proposed single‐syringe technique (SST), in which adenosine is diluted with an up to 20 ml IV bolus of NSS, was found to be beneficial.HypothesisWe hypothesized that the SST was noninferior to the DST for terminating stable SVT.MethodsA pilot multicenter, single‐blind, randomized controlled study was conducted at nine hospitals in north and northeast Thailand. Thirty patients who were diagnosed with stable SVT were randomized into two groups of 15, with one receiving adenosine via the DST and the other via the SST. We examined SVT termination, the average successful dose, and the complication rate of each group. Analyses were based on the intention‐to‐treat principle.ResultThe termination rate was 93.3% in the DST and 100% in the SST group (p = 1.000), and the success rate of the first 6‐mg dose of adenosine was 73.3% and 80%, respectively (p = 1.000). The total administered dose was 8.6 ± 5.1 mg in the DST group and 7.6 ± 4.5 mg in the SST group (p = .608). No complications were found in either group.ConclusionsThe SST was non‐inferior to the DST for termination of SVT. However, a further definitive study with a larger sample size is required.
m6A hypomethylation of DNMT3B regulated by ALKBH5 promotes intervertebral disc degeneration via E4F1 deficiency
Authors: Li Gaocai , Luo Rongjin , Zhang Weifeng , He Shujie , Wang Bingjin , Liang Huaizhen , Song Yu , Ke Wencan , Shi Yunsong , Feng Xiaobo , Zhao Kangcheng , Wu Xinghuo , Zhang Yukun , Wang Kun , Yang Cao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the leading cause of low back pain, which accounts for a main cause of disability. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs and is involved in various diseases and cellular processes by modulating mRNA fate. However, the critical role of m6A regulation in IVD degeneration remains unclear. Nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) senescence is critical for the progression of IVD degeneration. Here, we uncovered the role and explored the regulatory mechanism of m6A in NPC senescence during IVD degeneration.MethodsIdentification of NPC senescence during IVD degeneration was based on the analysis of tissue samples and the cellular model. ALKBH5 upregulation inducing cellular senescence was confirmed by functional experiments in vivo and in vitro. ChIP‐qPCR and DNA‐Pulldown were used to reveal increased ALKBH5 was regulated by KDM4A‐mediated H3K9me3. Furthermore, Me‐RIP‐seq was performed to identify m6A hypomethylation of DNMT3B transcripts in senescent NPCs. Stability analysis showed that DNMT3B expression was enhanced for less YTHDF2 recognition and increased DNMT3B promoted NPC senescence and IVD degeneration via E4F1 methylation by in vivo and in vitro analyses.ResultsExpression of ALKBH5 is enhanced during IVD degeneration and NPC senescence, due to decreased KDM4A‐mediated H3K9me3 modification. Functionally, ALKBH5 causes NPC senescence by demethylating DNMT3B transcripts and in turn promoting its expression via less YTHDF2 recognition and following degradation due to transcript hypomethylation in vitro and in vivo. Increased DNMT3B promotes the development of IVD degeneration and NPC senescence, mechanistically by methylating CpG islands of E4F1 at the promoter region and thus restraining its transcription and expression.ConclusionsCollectively, our findings reveal an epigenetic interplay mechanism in NPC senescence and IVD degeneration, presenting a critical pro‐senescence role of ALKBH5 and m6A hypomethylation, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting the m6A/DNMT3B/E4F1 axis for treating IVD degeneration.
The wildland–urban interface in the United States based on 125 million building locations
Authors: Carlson Amanda R. , Helmers David P. , Hawbaker Todd J. , Mockrin Miranda H. , Radeloff Volker C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe wildland–urban interface (WUI) is the focus of many important land management issues, such as wildfire, habitat fragmentation, invasive species, and human–wildlife conflicts. Wildfire is an especially critical issue, because housing growth in the WUI increases wildfire ignitions and the number of homes at risk. Identifying the WUI is important for assessing and mitigating impacts of development on wildlands and for protecting homes from natural hazards, but data on housing development for large areas are often coarse. We created new WUI maps for the conterminous United States based on 125 million individual building locations, offering higher spatial precision compared to existing maps based on U.S. census housing data. Building point locations were based on a building footprint data set from Microsoft. We classified WUI across the conterminous United States at 30‐m resolution using a circular neighborhood mapping algorithm with a variable radius to determine thresholds of housing density and vegetation cover. We used our maps to (1) determine the total area of the WUI and number of buildings included, (2) assess the sensitivity of WUI area included and spatial pattern of WUI maps to choice of neighborhood size, (3) assess regional differences between building‐based WUI maps and census‐based WUI maps, and (4) determine how building location accuracy affected WUI map accuracy. Our building‐based WUI maps identified 5.6%–18.8% of the conterminous United States as being in the WUI, with larger neighborhoods increasing WUI area but excluding isolated building clusters. Building‐based maps identified more WUI area relative to census‐based maps for all but the smallest neighborhoods, particularly in the north‐central states, and large differences were attributable to high numbers of non‐housing structures in rural areas. Overall WUI classification accuracy was 98.0%. For wildfire risk mapping and for general purposes, WUI maps based on the 500‐m neighborhood represent the original Federal Register definition of the WUI; these maps include clusters of buildings in and adjacent to wildlands and exclude remote, isolated buildings. Our approach for mapping the WUI offers flexibility and high spatial detail and can be widely applied to take advantage of the growing availability of high‐resolution building footprint data sets and classification methods.
Comment on “How green is blue hydrogen?”
Authors: Romano Matteo C. , Antonini Cristina , Bardow André , Bertsch Valentin , Brandon Nigel P. , Brouwer Jack , Campanari Stefano , Crema Luigi , Dodds Paul E. , Gardarsdottir Stefania , Gazzani Matteo , Jan Kramer Gert , Lund Peter D. , Mac Dowell Niall , Martelli Emanuele , Mastropasqua Luca , McKenna Russell C. , Monteiro Juliana Garcia Moretz‐Sohn , Paltrinieri Nicola , Pollet Bruno G. , Reed Jeffrey G. , Schmidt Thomas J. , Vente Jaap , Wiley Dianne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper is written in response to the paper “How green is blue hydrogen?” by R. W. Howarth and M. Z. Jacobson. It aims at highlighting and discussing the method and assumptions of that paper, and thereby providing a more balanced perspective on blue hydrogen, which is in line with current best available practices and future plant specifications aiming at low CO2 emissions. More specifically, in this paper, we show that: (i) the simplified method that Howarth and Jacobson used to compute the energy balance of blue hydrogen plants leads to significant overestimation of CO2 emissions and natural gas (NG) consumption and (ii) the assumed methane leakage rate is at the high end of the estimated emissions from current NG production in the United States and cannot be considered representative of all‐NG and blue hydrogen value chains globally. By starting from the detailed and rigorously calculated mass and energy balances of two blue hydrogen plants in the literature, we show the impact that methane leakage rate has on the equivalent CO2 emissions of blue hydrogen. On the basis of our analysis, we show that it is possible for blue hydrogen to have significantly lower equivalent CO2 emissions than the direct use of NG, provided that hydrogen production processes and CO2 capture technologies are implemented that ensure a high CO2 capture rate, preferably above 90%, and a low‐emission NG supply chain.
Multiphase layered transition metal oxide positive electrodes for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Gabriel Eric , Hou Dewen , Lee Eungje , Xiong Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultiphase layered transition metal oxides (LTMOs) for sodium ion battery (SIB) positive electrodes with phase interfaces across multiple length scales are a promising avenue toward practical, high‐performance SIBs. Combinations of phases can complement each other's strengths and mitigate their weaknesses if their interfaces are carefully controlled. Intra‐ and interparticle phase interactions from nanoscale to macroscale must be carefully tuned to generate distinct effects on properties and performance. An informed design strategy must be paired with relevant synthesis techniques and complemented by spatially resolved characterization tools to manipulate different length scales and interfaces. This review examines the design, synthesis, and characterization strategies that have been demonstrated for the preparation of heterogeneous, multiphasic LTMOs with phase interfaces across varied length scales.
Design optimization of ejectors using ANN and GA
Authors: Shukla Prabhav B. , Mydur Manoj , Nayak Subhash , Krishna V. , Ponangi Babu Rao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEjectors are devices that are based on the principle of momentum transfer. A primary fluid passes through a nozzle that is usually of converging–diverging cross‐section so that the flow reaches supersonic velocity at the exit. Consequently, a low‐pressure region is created just outside the nozzle exit. This pressure gradient draws out the secondary fluid, into the ejector through the annular space—a phenomenon known as entrainment. This paper attempts to design and optimize an ejector with 1,1‐dichloro‐1‐fluoroethane as the working fluid. The governing equations that accurately predict the behavior of the working fluid, are solved using the finite volume method after the discretization of the flow domain, using ANSYS Fluent. A database is created over 1008 similar computational fluid dynamics simulations by recording the input parameter values and the corresponding output parameter values. It is then used to define a function that can precisely predict the output for an unknown set of input parameters. This is achieved through the implementation of artificial neural networks—a surrogate modeling technique. The accuracy of the model is determined from the coefficient of correlation. The objective function thus obtained is optimized with the help of a genetic algorithm (GA)—a nature‐inspired optimization technique. The optimal design of the ejector for a set of operating conditions is obtained as the output of the GA.