bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding of Sodium Storage Mechanism in Hard Carbons: Ongoing Development under Debate
Authors: Sun Ning , Qiu Jieshan , Xu Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHard carbons are promising anode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries due to their excellent Na‐storage performance, abundant resources, and low cost. Despite the recent advances in hard carbons, the interpretation of the Na‐storage mechanism in hard carbons remains unclear, with discrepancies over a general model describing the corresponding structure–property relationship. For the rational structural design of high‐performance hard carbon anodes, a thorough understanding of the charge storage mechanism and the relationship between microstructure and Na‐storage performance is critical. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the known models to describe the Na‐storage mechanism in hard carbons with a discussion focused on Na‐storage active sites such as interlayer space, pores, heteroatoms, and defects. The present models, including the “insertion‐filling”, “adsorption‐filling”, “adsorption‐insertion”, and “multistage mechanism” and the associated analytical characterization, are elaborately discussed with a view to the present challenges and the prospects for unveiling Na‐storage mechanism in hard carbons. The review serves to clarify the Na‐storage mechanism in hard carbons with guidance toward the design of high‐performance anodes for sodium‐ion batteries.
Herbicide pyrazosulfuron ethyl induces genotoxicity, cell cycle alterations and apoptosis in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
Authors: Upadhyay Ankur , Pandya Parth , Salunke Ankita , Parikh Pragna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFishes are excellent subjects for the study of the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of contaminants present in water. Herbicides are one of the toxic contaminants that cause lethal effects in fish. In this context, the present study was designed to study the sub‐lethal toxic effect (low dose [LD] 25 mg/L, medium dose‐50 mg/L, and high dose [HD] 100 mg/L) of a commonly used herbicide, pyrazosulfuron ethyl (PE), on erythrocytes of tilapia. The genotoxic effect was studied to understand the sub‐lethal potential by means of (a) the nuclear abnormalities, including the micronucleus (MN) frequency; (b) further, each stage of the cell cycle was analysed using flow cytometry and (c) finally, the targets of PE was deciphered using in silico analysis. The results showed that there were significant effects of time (7 and 14 days) and doses in the increase in the frequency of MN in erythrocytes of fish treated with PE, compared to the control group. After exposing fish to PE for 7 and 14 days, there was a proportional increase in the frequency of the apoptotic population of erythrocytes for LD to HD. During both time exposures (7 and 14 days), the highest cell death was accounted for in HD. Moreover, the majority of the cells showed a dysregulated cell cycle in the G1 phase in all the treated groups of PE, compared to the control group. This study showed that PE might initiate genotoxicity in non‐target species (tilapia) of the aquatic ecosystem near agricultural fields.
Pathogenic variants in CASK: Expanding the genotype–phenotype correlations
Authors: Dubbs Holly , Ortiz‐Gonzalez Xilma , Marsh Eric D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPathogenic variants in CASK, an X‐linked gene that plays a role in brain development and synaptic function, are the cause of both microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH), and X‐linked intellectual disability (XLID) with or without nystagmus. MICPCH is caused by loss of function variants in CASK, typically affects females, and is associated with moderate‐to‐severe intellectual disability (ID). Additional findings, present in about one‐third of individuals, include feeding difficulties, ophthalmologic issues, hypertonicity, epilepsy, and sensorineural hearing loss. Only a few affected males with MICPCH phenotype have been reported and most have had profound developmental disability and intractable epilepsy. The XLID phenotype is typically caused by missense variants and most often manifests in males; carrier females are mildly affected or unaffected. Nystagmus is often present. In total, over 175 patients have been reported in the literature. We now report an additional 11 patients with pathogenic variants in CASK that expand these phenotypes and reported genotype–phenotype correlations.
Catalyst‐free Synthesis of Benzothiazolopyrimidines via Visible‐Light‐Induced Wolff Rearrangement/[4+2] Cycloaddition Process
Authors: Wang Jiao‐Mei , Chen Yang‐Xu , Yao Chang‐Sheng , Zhang Kai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA visible‐light‐induced highly practical catalyst‐free Wolff rearrangement/domino [4+2] cycloaddition of 2‐benzothiazolimines with α‐diazo ketones has been developed. This protocol provides a concise and facile synthetic approach to construct a broad range of benzothiazolopyrimidine derivatives bearing a quaternary carbon center under mild reaction conditions with high isolated yields and excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >99% yield and >20 : 1 d.r.).
Association of cytokine profile with prior treatment failure and revision surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Longino Elizabeth S. , Labby Alex B. , Wu Jeffanie , Chapurin Nikita , Li Ping , Chandra Rakesh K. , Turner Justin H. , Chowdhury Naweed I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory patterns in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may predict disease severity, need for multiple sinus surgeries, and treatment response. This study analyzes nasal mucus inflammatory cytokine patterns in patients with (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP) nasal polyposis and their association with revision sinus surgery.MethodsA total of 319 CRS patients who underwent sinus surgery were included. Cytokines were quantified in intraoperative mucus specimens using a multiplex flow cytometric bead assay. Cytokine expression patterns in patients with 0, 1, and ≥2 previous surgeries were analyzed using Kruskal‐Wallis and principal component (PC) regression analyses.ResultsThere were 122 (38%) patients with CRSsNP and 197 (62%) with CRSwNP. On univariate analysis, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐21 were associated with increasing number of sinus surgeries in CRSsNP, as were IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐9, IL‐17A, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in CRSwNP. PC analysis with continuous Poisson regression in CRSwNP demonstrated that high IL‐5 and IL‐13 and low IL‐1β, IL‐12, and IL‐21 were associated with more prior surgeries. In CRSsNP low IL‐13 and high IL‐5 and regulated‐on‐activation, normal T‐cell–expressed and secreted (RANTES) were associated with more prior surgeries. Age remained a significant covariate in the full regression model for CRSsNP, but was nonsignificant in CRSwNP.ConclusionIn CRSwNP, elevated IL‐5 and IL‐13 levels were higher at time of surgery in patients with more prior surgeries. Type 2 cytokines in CRSsNP demonstrated mixed associations with revision surgery. For both phenotypes, IL‐10, IL‐12, and IL‐21 were consistently lower as number of prior surgeries increased, suggesting that treatment‐resistant disease may be modulated by impairment in these signaling pathways.
Persistent discharge or edema after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with a type 1 or 3 endotype
Authors: Stein Eli , Schneider Alexander L. , Harmon Regan , Racette Samuel D. , Reddy Abhita T. , Price Caroline P. E. , Huang Julia H. , Kato Atsushi , Shintani‐Smith Stephanie , Conley David B. , Welch Kevin C. , Kern Robert C. , Tan Bruce K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may have persistence of polyps, discharge, or edema after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Inflammation in CRS can be classified into three endotypes, with the presence of polyps associated with the type 2 endotype. Here, we evaluate the endotypic underpinnings of discharge or edema without polyps after ESS.MethodsAt a visit 6–12 months post ESS, patients underwent endoscopy and completed the CRS‐PRO and SNOT‐22. Luminex analysis of middle meatal mucus obtained at that visit was performed for IFN‐γ, ECP, and IL‐17a. Type 1, 2, and 3 endotypes were defined as greater than the 90th percentile expression of each marker, respectively, in controls. Wilcoxon rank‐sum and chi‐squared tests were used to compare cytokine levels and endotype prevalence between those with and without endoscopic findings.ResultsA total of 122 CRS patients completed a clinical exam (median: 8.2 months post ESS). Of the 122 patients, 107 did not have polyps on endoscopy. Of these 107 patients, 48 had discharge, 44 had edema, and 46 had neither discharge nor edema. Compared with those patients without any findings, patients with discharge or edema reported significantly worse severity as measured by CRS‐PRO (10.5 vs. 7.0, p = 0.009; 12.0 vs. 7.0, p < 0.001; respectively), and had higher post‐ESS IFN‐γ, ECP, and IL‐17a. Patients with discharge had higher prevalence of only T1 and T3 endotypes, while patients with edema had higher prevalence of only the T3 endotype.ConclusionsPost‐ESS discharge or edema in the absence of polyps was associated with higher patient‐reported outcome severity and was more strongly associated with type 1 or 3 inflammation.
Effects of microstructure on the breakdown characteristics of polyethylene–montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Li Lili , Wang Yulong , Gao Junguo , Chi Xiaohong , Han Gang , Guo Ning 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolyethylene (PE) has numerous applications in electrical and electronic products. However, PE insulation materials have a short service life, which poses a safety risk during power system operation. To address this issue, a molecular model of polyethylene–montmorillonite (PE–MMT) nanocomposites is developed to simulate and explore the microscopic mechanisms influencing their breakdown characteristics. PE–MMT nanocomposites loaded with 0, 3.3, 4.0, or 5.1 wt% organically modified MMT are obtained via disordered doping. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy experimentally demonstrate the effects of modifying these nanofillers and dispersing them in PE, while radial distribution function, interaction energy, and fractional free volume studies reveal the microscale characteristics of the nanocomposites. Hydrogen bonds form in the PE–MMT nanocomposites, and the nanocomposite with 4.0 wt% nanofillers exhibits better breakdown properties than pure PE. The simulation results are in agreement with the data collected from experimental analogs, which confirms the accuracy and effectiveness of the PE–MMT nanocomposite models described herein. The findings of this study thus provide both a model for studying breakdown in PE and a modification procedure for improving PE as an insulating material.
Decomposition of Irganox 1010 in plastic bonded explosives
Authors: Freye Chris E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDegradation pathways of Irganox 1010 in aged plastic bonded explosive (PBX) 9501 were investigated using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF). Using a targeted approach, a total of 44 Irganox 1010 decomposition products were discovered. These decomposition products were formed through hydrolysis, scission, and/or oxidation of Irganox 1010. The hydrolytic decomposition of Irganox is a straightforward process resulting in the cleavage of the ester group(s) while oxidation and scission are more complicated and can happen at multiple locations on the Irganox 1010 molecule. Moreover, due to the symmetric nature of Irganox 1010, multiple decomposition reactions can occur. Indeed some decomposition products exhibited hydrolysis, oxidation, and scission. In order to probe any trends in the aged PBX 9501 samples, principal component analysis (PCA) was implemented. The greatest chemical differences between the aged PBX samples was hydrolysis of the ester functional groups on Irganox 1010. Despite the negative connotations of hydrolysis, the Irganox 1010 decomposition products are still able to function as a radical scavenger in PBX 9501 as intended.
On performance of polycarbonate/silica aerogel nanoparticle mixed matrix hollow fiber membrane coated with polydimethylsiloxane for membrane distillation
Authors: Rezaei Mohsen , Hashemifard Seyed Abdollatif , Abbasi Mohsen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe membrane distillation process is one of the most important membrane technologies being developed for water desalination, which has the ability to compete with expensive processes such as reverse osmosis. In this study, the performance of polycarbonate (PC) hollow fiber membranes modified with silica aerogel nanoparticles (SIA‐NPs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating solution for direct contact membrane distillation was investigated. The membranes were fabricated by dry jet‐wet spinning method. In this respect, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt% of SIA nanoparticles were coated over the hollow fiber surface in order to improve the performance of the membranes. The results indicated that the optimum loading of SIA was 0.5 wt% at which the contact angle of the surface shifted from 77.5° to 100° relative to the unmodified PC membrane. Although the addition of SIA nanoparticles to the membrane matrix did not alter the membrane conductivity, it increased the membrane thickness, thereby reduced the heat loss of the membrane. Accordingly, the results of performance tests for the membrane distillation (MD) showed that by adding 0.5% SIA nanoparticles to the membrane bulk and coating the surface with 0.5% SIA nanoparticles in 1.0% PDMS solution and 96% increase in energy efficiency, 33% increase in water flux, as well as higher stability of salt rejection were obtained. This study proved that the application of SIA nanoparticles have a great potential to modify and improve MD performance.
Assessing statewide water utility affordability at the census tract scale
Authors: Van Abs Daniel J. , Evans Tim , Irby Kimberley 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcademic and government research regarding the affordability of household drinking water and sewer utility (water utility) costs have resulted in the development of several methodologies that have been tested at various geographic levels. A New Jersey study on potential household affordability stresses from water utility costs at or below the Census tract‐level estimates that approximately one‐fifth of all New Jersey households could face affordability stresses, assuming that they directly pay all water utility costs. The methodology is adapted from the Affordability Ratio method of Teodoro. The results show the potential for use of county‐level household essential expenditure estimates in areas with high‐density populations. They also show the value of the methodology as a basis for policy discussions regarding the severity and geographic distribution of affordability stresses, as the analysis clearly indicates that significant affordability stresses exist in many suburban municipalities and rural town centers, not just historic urban cities.
Comprehensive analyses indicated the association between m6A related long non‐coding RNAs and various pathways in glioma
Authors: Chen Zhuohui , Zhang Wei , Yan Zhouyi , Zhang Mengqi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlioma is one of the most malignant brain tumors and diseases. N6‐methyladenosine modification (m6A) is the most abundant and prevalent internal chemical modification of mRNA and long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the correlated pathways and clinical utilization of m6A‐related lncRNAs have not been fully evaluated in glioma.MethodsPublic RNA‐sequencing and clinical annotation data were retrieved from TCGA, CGGA and GEO database. Differential expression analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify the m6A‐related and differentially expressed lncRNAs with prognostic function (m6A‐DELPF). The consensus clustering was performed to identify the expression pattern of m6A‐DELPF. LASSO Cox regression analysis was performed to construct the lncRNA‐based signature. The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms were performed to analyze immune infiltration and tumor microenvironment, respectively. Immunotherapy sensitivity analysis was performed using data from TCIA. The small molecule drugs prediction analysis was performed using The Connectivity Map (CMap) database and STITCH database. A competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network was constructed based on miRcode, miRDB, miRTarBase, TargetScan database.ResultsTwo clusters (cluster1 and cluster2) were identified after unsupervised cluster analysis based on m6A‐DELPF. Additionally, a 15‐gene prognostic signature namely m6A‐DELPFS was constructed. Analyses of epithelial‐mesenchymal‐transition score, tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration, clinical characterization analysis, and putative drug prediction were performed to confirm the clinical utility and efficacy of m6A‐DELPFS. The potential mechanisms including tumor immune microenvironment of m6A‐DELPF influence the initiation and progression of glioma. A clinically accessible nomogram was also constructed based on the m6A‐DELPF and other survival‐relevant clinical parameters. Two miRNAs and 114 mRNAs were identified as the downstream of seven m6A‐related lncRNAs in a ceRNA network.ConclusionOur present research confirmed the clinical value of m6A related lncRNAs and their high correlation with tumor immunity, tumor microenvironment, tumor mutation burden and drug sensitivity in glioma.
Impacts of ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms on risks of alcohol‐related disorder and cancer
Authors: Chang Ting‐Gang , Yen Ting‐Ting , Wei Chia‐Yi , Hsiao Tzu‐Hung , Chen I‐Chieh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 are the specifically prevalent functional variants in the East Asians. These variants, which result in a dramatic change in enzyme activity, are highly associated with alcohol‐related disorders and cancer. Previous studies focusing on the additive and synergic effects of the variants are few and inconsistent. The aim of the research was to evaluate the associations of ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 with the risks of alcohol‐related disorder and cancer.MethodsThis cohort study enrolled 42,665 participants from the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative database, including 19,522 and 20,534, ADH1B and ALDH2 carriers, respectively. The associations between the two variants and cancer risk were analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsCompared with the noncarriers, the ADH1B rs1229984 variant had a stronger effect on alcohol‐related disorders and was related to an increased risk of alcohol‐related cancers. The CC genotype of ADH1B rs1229984 was significantly associated with cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and nasal cavities [odds ratio (OR) = 1.56, p = 0.0009], cancer of the pancreas (OR = 1.66, p = 0.018), and cancer of the esophagus (OR = 4.10, p < 0.001). Participants who carried the rs1229984 TC/CC and rs671 GG genotypes were at higher risk of esophageal cancer (OR = 3.02, p < 0.001). The risk of esophageal cancer was increased by 381% (OR = 4.81, p < 0.001) in those carrying the rs1229984 TC/CC and rs671 GA/AA genotypes.Conclusionrs1229984 and rs671 are common and functionally important genetic variants in the Taiwanese population. Our findings provide strong evidence of additive and synergic risks of ADH1B and ALDH2 variants for alcohol‐related disorders and cancer. The results suggested that are reduction in alcohol consumption should be advised as a preventive measure for high‐risk patients carrying ADH1B rs1229984 C or the ALDH2 rs671 A allele.
Direct and imagined contact moderates the effect of need for cognitive closure on attitudes towards women managers
Authors: Baldner Conrad , Viola Marta , Capozza Dora , Vezzali Loris , Kruglanski Arie W. , Pierro Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis research investigated the relationship between individual preference for the need for cognitive closure (NCC) and attitudes towards women as managers and the moderating role of direct or imagined contact with women leaders. In two studies (totalN = 369) collected in different countries and with different methods (Study 1: Italy, correlational; Study 2: U.S., experimental), it was found that the positive relationship between NCC andnegativeattitudes towards women as managers was moderated by the quality, but not the quantity of current or past direct contact experiences with women managers. In Study 1, employees with higher scores on NCC had more positive attitudes towards women managers when they had more positive work experience with women managers. In Study 2, those with higher NCC scores had less negative attitudes towards women as managers when they merely imagined (positive) contact with them (vs. a control group). These results advance the literature on the interaction between NCC and positive intergroup contact; theoretical and practical implications of NCC and positive intergroup contact are presented.
The influence of personal and public health and smart applications on biking behavior in South Korea
Authors: Kim Myung Ja , Hall Colin Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBicycling is an important form of active transport that contributes to sustainability mobility as a result of its role in personal and public health and emissions reduction. The significance of which has grown since the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak. However, biking studies have neglected, in theoretical terms, developing an understanding of why consumers bike. Therefore, this research designs and verifies an extended theory of planned behavior adding personal and public health and a moderator of perceived smart application usage to help explain such consumer behavior. This study is based on a digital survey of South Koreans who biked for leisure, tourism, and/or work, utilizing partial least squares‐structural equation modeling with multi‐group analysis and Fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Results revealed that personal health is most important to cyclists, followed by public health, attitude, and subjective norm. Interestingly, people with perceived high usage of smart applications for biking show stronger relationships between public health and attitude and perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention than low users. In contrast, individuals with perceived low usage of smart applications for biking reveal a stronger relationship between attitude and behavioral intention than high users. The high and low user groups of smart applications also distinctively differ in levels of cycling behavior. Consequently, this work offers several theoretical and managerial implications for research and practice.