bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic estimates to assess the translocation of a threatened New Zealand amphibian
Authors: Cisternas Javiera , Easton Luke J. , Germano Jennifer M. , Bishop Phillip J. 
Published: July 2022

Context Leiopelma archeyi is a threatened New Zealand amphibian species translocated for conservation purposes. A disease outbreak triggered the translocation of 70 frogs to Pureora Forest in 2006 to establish a new wild population of L. archeyi. Ten years after, 60 more frogs were translocated to this site to enhance the genetic and demographic profile of L. archeyi in Pureora Forest. Here, we analysed 14 years of capture–recapture monitoring data collected for this translocated population. Aims Our aim was to estimate population demographic parameters that allow us to assess the demographic performance of this translocated population. Methods We used spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR; also called spatial capture–recapture) multi strata/session models to estimate population density and derive its rate of change over time. Key results Here we show that the density of translocated Leiopelma archeyi in Pureora (central North Island, New Zealand) remains stable for most of the study period. After the release of 70 frogs in 2006, density varied from 0.02 frogs/m2 in April 2007 to 0.06 frogs/m2 in December 2014. After the second release of 60 frogs in 2016, density in Pureora of L. archeyi varied from 0.21 frogs/m2 in November 2016 to 0.63 frogs/m2 in November 2018. Conclusions The study species is a long-lived k-selected species, therefore long-term monitoring (>20 years) is required to corroborate demographic indicators. Nevertheless, as the current density estimates are higher than the density estimated for this population after each release (April 2007 and November 2016), we suggest progress towards the establishment of a new wild population of L. archeyi in Pureora Forest. Implications Translocations are a useful conservation tool for many threatened species and post-release monitoring data are the main source of information needed to empirically prove their success.
Splice factor polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (Ptbp1) primes endothelial inflammation in atherogenic disturbed flow conditions
Authors: Hensel Jessica A. , Nicholas Sarah-Anne E. , Kimble Amy L. , Nagpal Arjun S. , Omar Omar M. F. , Tyburski Jordan D. , Jellison Evan R. , Ménoret Antoine , Ozawa Manabu , Rodriguez-Oquendo Annabelle , Vella Anthony T. , Murphy Patrick A. 
Published: July 2022

NF-κB–mediated endothelial activation drives leukocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis, in part through adhesion molecules Icam1 and Vcam1. The endothelium is primed for cytokine activation of NF-κB by exposure to low and disturbed blood flow (LDF)but the molecular underpinnings are not fully understood. In an experimental in vivo model of LDF, platelets were required for the increased expression of several RNA-binding splice factors, including polypyrimidine tract binding protein (Ptbp1). This was coordinated with changes in RNA splicing in the NF-κB pathway in primed cells, leading us to examine splice factors as mediators of priming. Using Icam1 and Vcam1 induction by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation as a readout, we performed a CRISPR Cas9 knockout screen and identified a requirement for Ptbp1 in priming. Deletion of Ptbp1 had no effect on cell growth or response to apoptotic stimuli, but reversed LDF splicing patterns and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of downstream targets, including Icam1 and Vcam1. In human coronary arteries, elevated PTBP1 correlates with expression of TNF pathway genes and plaque. In vivo, endothelial-specific deletion of Ptbp1 reduced Icam1 expression and myeloid cell infiltration at regions of LDF in atherosclerotic mice, limiting atherosclerosis. This may be mediated, in part, by allowing inclusion of a conserved alternative exon in Ripk1 leading to a reduction in Ripk1 protein. Our data show that Ptbp1, which is induced in a subset of the endothelium by platelet recruitment at regions of LDF, is required for priming of the endothelium for subsequent NF-κB activation, myeloid cell recruitment and atherosclerosis.
Fabrication of high-performance microfluidic SERS substrates by metal-assisted chemical etching of silicon scratches
Authors: Peng Yong , Cui Licong , Gao Jian , Jiang Shulan , Wang Hongbo , Yu Bingjun , Qian Linmao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate-based microfluidic systems are applied extensively in diverse fields. For affordable detection and diagnosis, we propose a novel strategy for flexible, low-cost, and rapid fabrication of microfluidic SERS substrates by metal-assisted chemical etching of scratches on a silicon surface. A silicon substrate was spin-coated with polyketone resin (PK), and patterned by scratching with a diamond tip. Notably, defects created by diamond tip scratching on silicon substrate promoted subsequent metal deposition. A micro/nano nested structure was prepared by metal-assisted chemical etching process based on combined effect of scratching and metal catalysis. The PK layer served as a stable mask during metal deposition and etching. The prepared SERS-active detection sites with micro/nano nested structures exhibited substantial enhancement effects and good stability. Taking rhodamine 6G as a probe molecule, the microfluidic SERS substrate exhibited a high detection capability, with nanomolar detection limits (10−9 M) and high long-term stability (at least 120 days). The micro/nano nested structure exhibited an enhancement factor of 2.725 × 105 compared to a gold film deposited on a flat silicon surface. The proposed method is promising for chemical and biological detection applications.
Optimization of the properties of CdxZn1-xS films prepared by chemical bath deposition
Authors: Wang Yifan , Xue Yuming , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
CdxZn1-xS thin films were deposited on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) in solutions containing cadmium sulfate, zinc sulfate, thiourea, ammonia sulfate and ammonia. The effect of low Cd2+ concentration on the film properties was systematically studied by experiments and simulations, while the film properties were greatly improved by optimizing the concentration ratios of different solutions. The SEM results show that the films have optimal homogeneity and denseness at a Cd2+ concentration of 0.007 M. Also, XRD results at this concentration indicate that the films have better crystallinity. The optical characterization results illustrate that the transmittance of the films is up to 90% at 500 nm–800 nm, and the band gap value of the films varies from 3.05 eV to 3.72 eV when the Cd2+ concentration is 0.001–0.009 M.
X-ray computed tomography with seven degree of freedom robotic sample holder
Authors: Pekel Erdal , Schaff Florian , Dierolf Martin , Pfeiffer Franz , Lasser Tobias 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present an x-ray Computed Tomography setup that integrates a seven degrees of freedom robotic arm as a sample holder within an existing laboratory x-ray computed tomography setup. We aim to provide a flexible sample holder that is able to execute non-standard and task-specific trajectories for complex samples. The robotic arm is integrated with a unified software package that allows for path planning, collision detection, geometric calibration and reconstruction of the sample. The calibration is necessary to identify the accurate pose of the sample which deviates from the expected pose due to inaccurate placement of the robotic arm. With our software the user is able to command the robotic arm to execute arbitrary trajectories for a given sample in a safe manner and output its reconstruction to the user. We present experimental results with a circular trajectory where the robotic sample holder achieves identical visual quality compared to a conventional sample holder.
Vertical Scar Mastopexy With a Centrally Based Auto-Augmentation Flap
Authors: Austin Ryan E , Yuan Morgan , Lista Frank , Lapaine Pierre , Ahmad Jamil 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The authors describe their technique for vertical scar mastopexy with a centrally based auto-augmentation flap. Since 2011, the authors have performed this procedure in 212 patients and found that this operative technique has allowed us to achieve reproducible aesthetic outcomes while minimizing complications. Vertical scar mastopexy with a centrally based auto-augmentation flap is an excellent procedure for patients with breast ptosis who desire improved breast shape and superior pole fullness without the use of a breast implant. The perioperative management and detailed steps of the procedure are outlined.

Level of Evidence: 5
Chinese medical dialogue information extraction via contrastive multi-utterance inference
Authors: Dai Jianhua , Jiang Chao , Peng Ruoyao , Zeng Daojian , Li Yangding 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Medical Dialogue Information Extraction (MDIE) is a promising task for modern medical care systems, which greatly facilitates the development of many real-world applications such as electronic medical record generation, automatic disease diagnosis, etc. Recent methods have firstly achieved considerable performance in Chinese MDIE but still suffer from some inherent limitations, such as poor exploitation of the inter-dependencies in multiple utterances, weak discrimination of the hard samples. In this paper, we propose a contrastive multi-utterance inference (CMUI) method to address these issues. Specifically, we first use a type-aware encoder to provide an efficient encode mechanism toward different categories. Subsequently, we introduce a selective attention mechanism to explicitly capture the dependencies among utterances, which thus constructs a multi-utterance inference. Finally, a supervised contrastive learning approach is integrated into our framework to improve the recognition ability for the hard samples. Extensive experiments show that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on a public benchmark Chinese-based dataset and delivers significant performance gain on MDIE as compared with baselines. Specifically, we outperform the state-of-the-art results in F1-score by 2.27%, 0.55% in Recall and 3.61% in Precision (The codes that support the findings of this study are openly available in CMUI at https://github.com/jc4357/CMUI.).
The impact of virtual reality simulation training on operative performance in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Humm Gemma , Mohan Helen , Fleming Christina , Harries Rhiannon , Wood Christopher , Dawas Khaled , Stoyanov Danail , Lovat Laurence B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Simulation training can improve the learning curve of surgical trainees. This research aimed to systematically review randomized clinical trials (RCT) evaluating the performance of junior surgical trainees following virtual reality training (VRT) and other training methods in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods
MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid SP), Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS were searched for trials randomizing participants to VRT or no additional training (NAT) or simulation training (ST). Outcomes of interest were the reported performance using global rating scores (GRS), the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) and Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS), error counts and time to completion of task during laparoscopic cholecystectomy on either porcine models or humans. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020208499.

Results
A total of 351 titles/abstracts were screened and 96 full texts were reviewed. Eighteen RCT were included and 15 manuscripts had data available for meta-analysis. Thirteen studies compared VRT and NAT, and 4 studies compared VRT and ST. One study compared VRT with NAT and ST and reported GRS only. Meta-analysis showed OSATS score (mean difference (MD) 6.22, 95%CI 3.81 to 8.36, P &lt; 0.001) and time to completion of task (MD −8.35 min, 95%CI 13.10 to 3.60, P = &lt;0.001) significantly improved after VRT compared with NAT. No significant difference was found in GOALS score. No significant differences were found between VRT and ST groups. Intraoperative errors were reported as reduced in VRT groups compared with NAT but were not suitable for meta-analysis.

Conclusion
Meta-analysis suggests that performance measured by OSATS and time to completion of task is improved with VRT compared with NAT for junior trainee in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, conclusions are limited by methodological heterogeneity and more research is needed to quantify the potential benefit to surgical training.
Prosocial Personality as a Predictor of Burnout in Spanish Social Workers
Authors: Ariza Toledano Leonor Belén , Ruiz-Olivares Rosario 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to establish the link between burnout and prosocial personality and discover how prosocial personality influences burnout. A single-group ex post facto prospective descriptive design questionnaire was created incorporating socio-demographic data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Penner’s Prosocial Personality Battery. The study involved 442 members of professional social workers’ associations in Spain, comprising 91.1 per cent women and 8.9 per cent men, with ages ranging from twenty-four to sixty-three years. The results showed that social responsibility is significantly lower and personal distress is higher in emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, whilst the personal accomplishment variable correlates positively with the positive variables of prosociality and negatively with personal distress. Social responsibility, perspective-taking, self-reported altruism, prosociality factor 1 (other-oriented empathy) and prosociality factor 2 (helpfulness) were found to be significantly higher amongst professionals without burnout, while personal distress predominates in professionals with burnout. The study also found that personal distress and mutual concerns moral reasoning are risk factors for burnout, whilst perspective-taking is a protective factor. It was concluded that prosociality acts as a protective factor against burnout—a novel idea of great importance when developing prevention programmes to alleviate this problem amongst professionals.
Racial and ethnic differences in pharmacotherapy to prevent coronary artery disease and thrombotic events
Authors: Tamargo Juan , Kaski Juan Carlos , Kimura Takeshi , Barton Jack Charles , Yamamoto Ko , Komiyama Maki , Drexel Heinz , Lewis Basil S , Agewall Stefan , Hasegawa Koji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Awareness of racial/ethnic disparities represents a key challenge for healthcare systems that attempt to provide effective healthcare and to reduce existing inequalities in the use of and adherence to guideline-recommended cardiovascular drugs to improve clinical outcomes for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we describe important racial/ethnic differences between and within ethnic groups in the prevalence, risk factors, haemostatic factors, anti-inflammatory and endothelial markers, recurrence, and outcomes of CVD.
We discuss important differences in the selection, doses, and response [efficacy and adverse drug reactions (ADRs)] in ethnically diverse patients treated with antithrombotics or lipid-lowering drugs. Differences in drug response are mainly related to racial/ethnic differences in the frequency of polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and drug transporters. These polymorphisms markedly influence the pharmacokinetics, dose requirements, and safety of warfarin, clopidogrel, and statins. This review aims to support a better understanding of the genetic differences between and among populations to identify patients who may experience an ADR or a lack of drug response, thus optimizing therapy and improving outcomes. The greater the understanding of the differences in the genetic variants of DMEs and transporters that determine the differences in the exposure, efficacy, and safety of cardiovascular drugs between races/ethnicities, the greater the probability that personalized medicine will become a reality.
Trade Marks in Sounds and Gestures: A Critical Analysis of Two Non-Traditional Signs in the EU
Authors: Geiregat Simon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article takes a critical look at the state of the law for marks that exclusively consist in sounds (sound marks) and marks consisting in movements of part of the body (gesture marks). Sounds and gestures can both constitute ‘signs’, although the borderline between a protectable gesture and an unprotectable concept or property is sometimes hard to determine. Both can be represented on the register, although it is argued that authorities are too restrictive about sounds and that transparent representability of both signs is less evident than expected. The distinctiveness of all marks should be assessed in the same way. However, it is unclear how the exclusions for signs exclusively consisting in certain characteristics apply to sounds and gestures. When testing a sound’s distinctiveness, verbal elements should be assessed as is the case with word marks. It is irrelevant whether sounds are unusual in the sector, whether an application concerns silent goods, or whether a sound significantly departs from norms or customs. Testing the distinctiveness of gestures boils down to determining whether the movement itself creates a lasting impression. The exact scope of non-traditional marks is the crux of their controversy. This contribution lists relevant elements for infringements and highlights how the scope of gesture marks cannot be underestimated. It pleads for prudence and restraint when judging infringements of non-traditional marks: not every use is a use ‘as a trade mark’. Drawing from the broader debate, the article submits that the legislator should consider limiting the scope of protection for certain uses or signs.
The Cone of Minimal Weights for Mod p Hilbert Modular Forms
Authors: Diamond Fred , Kassaei Payman L 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We prove that all mod $p$ Hilbert modular forms arise via multiplication by generalized partial Hasse invariants from forms whose weight falls within a certain minimal cone. This answers a question posed by Andreatta and Goren and generalizes our previous results that treated the case where $p$ is unramified in the totally real field. Whereas our previous work made use of deep Jacquet–Langlands type results on the Goren–Oort stratification (not yet available when $p$ is ramified), here we instead use properties of the stratification at Iwahori level, which are more readily generalizable to other Shimura varieties.
Lipopeptide surfactin ameliorates the cell uptake of platensimycin and enhances its therapeutic effect on treatment of MRSA skin infection
Authors: Xiong Yi , Kong Jieqian , Yi Sirun , Tan Qingwen , Bai Enhe , Ren Nan , Huang Yong , Duan Yanwen , Zhu Xiangcheng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The rapid development of drug-resistant bacteria, especially MRSA, poses severe threats to global public health. Adoption of antibiotic adjuvants has proved to be one of the efficient ways to solve such a crisis. Platensimycin and surfactin were comprehensively studied to combat prevalent MRSA skin infection.

Methods
MICs of platensimycin, surfactin or their combinations were determined by resazurin assay, while the corresponding MBCs were determined by chequerboard assay. Growth inhibition curves and biofilm inhibition were determined by OD measurements. Membrane permeability analysis was conducted by propidium iodide staining, and morphological characterizations were performed by scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the therapeutic effects on MRSA skin infections were evaluated in scald-model mice.

Results
The in vitro assays indicated that surfactin could significantly improve the antibacterial performance of platensimycin against MRSA, especially the bactericidal activity. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that surfactin not only interfered with the biofilm formation of MRSA, but also disturbed their cell membranes to enhance membrane permeability, and therefore synergistically ameliorated MRSA cellular uptake of platensimycin. Further in vivo assessment validated the synergistic effect of surfactin on platensimycin and the resultant enhancement of therapeutical efficacy in MRSA skin-infected mice.

Conclusions
The combination of effective and biosafe surfactin and platensimycin could be a promising and efficient treatment for MRSA skin infection, which could provide a feasible solution to combat the major global health threats caused by MRSA.
‘I Will Do What I Can Do’: Peter Gabriel and the Documentation of Human Rights
Authors: Drewett Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article explores the cyclical relationship between Peter Gabriel, his music, the documentation of human rights, and human rights organization. It emphasizes the importance of the documentation of human rights issues as an influence in Peter Gabriel’s life, and how, in turn, he has reflected his concern for human rights issues within his own creative and more direct activist work. In at least one instance a song of his—‘Biko’—has ended up being a form of documentary in its own right, while in another his activism, in setting up the human rights organization WITNESS, has mirrored the sort of documentation of human rights issues which had a profound influence on him in the first place. It is argued that as activist-performer, Gabriel has adopted a grounded and progressive approach to documenting human rights issues and promoting human rights activism.
How Does Court Stability Affect Legal Stability?
Authors: Bustos Álvaro , Garoupa Nuno 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Judicial ideology in court has attracted the attention of political scientists and legal economists. The question we address here is the extent to which ideological stability impacts the law. We consider a model where a court has two judicial ideological inclinations, majority and minority. However, they may change their relative influence over time. We show that, while both sides have a preferred legal policy and want their standard to become law, the two groups may compromise on not changing the standard, thus maintaining the status quo, because of majority uncertainty in the future. One important implication from our article is that less certainty concerning the future (in terms of majority and minority ideology) could actually make the law more stable in the present (since the standard is unchanged). In addition, we prove that moderate standards are more likely to endure the passage of time when compared to extreme standards. (JEL codes: K10, K40, H0)
Human Astrovirus VA1 Encephalitis in Pediatric Patients With Cancer: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bami Sakshi , Hidinger Jennifer , Madni Arshia , Hargest Virginia , Schultz-Cherry Stacey , Cortez Valerie , Cross Shane J , Ward Deborah A , Hayden Randall T , Rubnitz Jeffrey , Pui Ching-Hon , Khan Raja B , Hijano Diego R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Novel human astroviruses (HAstVs) have recently been implicated as rare causes of fatal encephalitis in immunocompromised patients, for which there is no proven treatment. We report 2 cases from our institution in which HAstV-VA1 was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid by metagenomic next-generation sequencing after the initial evaluation revealed no etiology.