bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated instrument of a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer for cluster reaction and soft-landing deposition
Authors: Huang Benben , Wu Haiming , Yang Mengzhou , Luo Zhixun 
Published: November 2022

We have developed an integrated instrument system of a multiple-ion laminar flow tube (MIFT) reactor combined with a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS) and soft-landing deposition (SD) apparatus. A customized water-cooling magnetron sputtering (MagS) source is designed, by which we are able to attain a highly efficient preparation of metal clusters of 1–30 atoms with tunable size distributions. Following the MagS source, a laminar flow tube reactor is designed, allowing for sufficient gas–collision reactions of the as-prepared metal clusters, which is advantageous for probing magic clusters and minimizing wall effects when probing the reaction dynamics of such clusters. The customized TQMS analyzer involves a conical octupole, two linear octupoles, a quadruple ion deflector, and a 19 mm quadruple mass analyzer, allowing to decrease the pressure stepwise (from ∼5 to ∼10−9 Torr), thus ensuring high sensitivity and high resolution of the mass spectrometry analysis. In addition, we have designed a dual SD apparatus for the mass-selected deposition of clusters and their reaction products. For the whole system, abbreviated as MagS-MIFT-TQMS-SD, we have performed a detailed ions-fly simulation and quantitatively estimated the ions transfer efficiency under vacuum conditions determined by real experiments. Taking these advantages, well-resolved Pbn+, Agn+, and Nbn+ clusters have been produced, allowing for meticulous studies of cluster reactions under sufficient gas-phase collisions free of electric field trapping. Also, we have tested the efficiency of the dual SD.
High resolution diagnostic tools for superconducting radio frequency cavities
Authors: Parajuli I. , Ciovati G. , Delayen J. R. 
Published: November 2022

Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities are one of the fundamental building blocks of modern particle accelerators. To achieve the highest quality factors (1010–1011), SRF cavities are operated at liquid helium temperatures. Magnetic flux trapped on the surface of SRF cavities during cool-down below the critical temperature is one of the leading sources of residual RF losses. Instruments capable of detecting the distribution of trapped flux on the cavity surface are in high demand in order to better understand its relation to the cavity material, surface treatments and environmental conditions. We have designed, developed, and commissioned two high-resolution diagnostic tools to measure the distribution of trapped flux at the surface of SRF cavities. One is a magnetic field scanning system, which uses cryogenic Hall probes and anisotropic magnetoresistance sensors that fit the contour of a 1.3 GHz cavity. This setup has a spatial resolution of ∼13μm in the azimuthal direction and ∼1 cm along the cavity contour. The second setup is a stationary, combined magnetic and temperature mapping system, which uses anisotropic magnetoresistance sensors and carbon resistor temperature sensors, covering the surface of a 3 GHz SRF cavity. This system has a spatial resolution of 5 mm close to the iris and 11 mm at the equator. Initial results show a non-uniform distribution of trapped flux on the cavities’ surfaces, dependent on the magnitude of the applied magnetic field during field-cooling below the critical temperature.
Optimization for energy response characteristics of plastic scintillators based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Zhongliang , Pan Ziheng , Hu Guang , Sun Weiqiang , Hu Huasi 
Published: November 2022

To address the problem that the energy response of the plastic scintillator detector is very low in the low energy range, this paper proposes a method to optimize the energy response characteristics by combining the CaWO4 energy compensation layer and the genetic algorithm. First, the energy deposition of X/γ rays in a plastic scintillator with a CaWO4 energy compensation layer is modeled and simulated using MCNP software; then, the thickness and hollow radius of the compensation layer are optimized by using genetic algorithm to run this simulation program. The results show that after adding a CaWO4 compensation layer with a thickness of 45 µm and a hollow radius of 1 cm at the front of the plastic scintillator, its energy response characteristics are consistent in the range of 50 keV to 1.5 MeV, which meets the requirement of IEC 61584:2001 for the energy response coefficient less than ±30%. The maximum deviation of the energy response coefficient at the energy point of 0.662 MeV is reduced from 44% to 13%.
Theory of tip structure–dependent microtubule catastrophes and damage-induced microtubule rescues
Authors: Alexandrova Veronika V. , Anisimov Mikhail N. , Zaitsev Aleksandr V. , Mustyatsa Vadim V. , Popov Vladimir V. , Ataullakhanov Fazoil I. , Gudimchuk Nikita B. 
Published: November 2022

Microtubules are essential cytoskeletal polymers that exhibit stochastic switches between tubulin assembly and disassembly. Here, we examine possible mechanisms for these switches, called catastrophes and rescues. We formulate a four-state Monte Carlo model, explicitly considering two biochemical and two conformational states of tubulin, based on a recently conceived view of microtubule assembly with flared ends. The model predicts that high activation energy barriers for lateral tubulin interactions can cause lagging of curled protofilaments, leading to a ragged appearance of the growing tip. Changes in the extent of tip raggedness explain some important but poorly understood features of microtubule catastrophe: weak dependence on tubulin concentration and an increase in its probability over time, known as aging. The model predicts a vanishingly rare frequency of spontaneous rescue unless patches of guanosine triphosphate tubulin are artificially embedded into microtubule lattice. To test our model, we used in vitro reconstitution, designed to minimize artifacts induced by microtubule interaction with nearby surfaces. Microtubules were assembled from seeds overhanging from microfabricated pedestals and thus well separated from the coverslip. This geometry reduced the rescue frequency and the incorporation of tubulins into the microtubule shaft compared with the conventional assay, producing data consistent with the model. Moreover, the rescue positions of microtubules nucleated from coverslip-immobilized seeds displayed a nonexponential distribution, confirming that coverslips can affect microtubule dynamics. Overall, our study establishes a unified theory accounting for microtubule assembly with flared ends, a tip structure–dependent catastrophe frequency, and a microtubule rescue frequency dependent on lattice damage and repair.
Anomalous Hall effect in topological Weyl and nodal-line semimetal Heusler compound Co2VAl
Authors: Chatterjee Sudipta , Sau Jyotirmay , Ghosh Subrata , Samanta Saheli , Ghosh Barnali , Kumar Manoranjan , Mandal Kalyan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Magnetic topological semimetals (TSMs) with broken time-reversal symmetry are very rare and have drawn significant attention in condensed matter physics due to their numerous intriguing topological properties. Among these various magnetic TSMs, Co2-based full Heusler compounds are of current interest, since a few of these materials exhibit Weyl and nodal fermions in their topological band structure. In this work, we report a comprehensive study of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in the ferromagnetic full Heusler compound Co2VAl. Recent studies indicate that the intrinsic AHE is closely related to the Berry curvature of the occupied electronic Bloch states. The present study of Co2VAl attempts to understand and explore the possibility of topology-induced AHE. The anomalous Hall resistivity

ρ

x
y

A

is observed to scale quadratically with the longitudinal resistivity ρ

xx
. Our experimental results also reveal that the anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) is ∼85 cm−1 at 2 K with an intrinsic contribution of ∼75.6 S cm−1, and is nearly insensitive to temperature. The first principle calculations note that the Berry curvature originated from a gapped nodal line and symmetry-protected Weyl nodes near the Fermi level (

E

F

) is the main source of AHE in this compound. Thus, this investigation on Co2VAl discloses that it is a ferromagnetic Weyl and nodal-line TSM. The theoretically calculated AHC is in well agreement with the experimentally obtained AHC.
Assessment and clinical management of internal contamination
Authors: Dainiak Nicholas , Albanese Joseph 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Internal contamination by radionuclides may occur through inhalation, ingestion and absorption through the skin or subcutaneous tissue. The clinical management of internalized radionuclides requires the integration of clinical signs and symptoms with dose estimates in biological tissues obtained from the face, nose, sputum, urine, faeces and/or skin. The assessment of ingested radionuclides includes bioassays of urine and faeces, and if available, whole body counting for radionuclides that emit penetrating x-rays or gamma-rays. An estimate of intake dose may be made at the time of initial patient evaluation by measuring radioactivity, converting counts/minute to depositions/minute with a specific gamma-ray constant, and comparing the amount to its annual limit on intake, clinical decision guide or derived reference level. Since nobody dies from internal contamination per se, medically unstable patients should be stabilized before addressing internal contamination. Whenever possible, internal contaminants should be physically removed as soon as possible after exposure. For inhaled internal contaminants, radionuclide-specific therapy may include the administration of an ion exchange resin (i.e. Prussian blue, PB) or chelating agent (i.e. diethylenetriamine pentaacetate, DTPA, that binds to radioactive plutonium, americium, and curium), or the physical removal of insoluble particles with a high activity radionuclide (192Ir, 90Sr, 210Po) by bronchioalveolar lavage. Decorporation with PB, DTPA and other agents is used to enhance excretion. The treatment of wounds contaminated with an actinide includes gentle irrigation, surgical excision of contaminated tissue and DTPA. The averted dose (i.e. the total effective dose averted by therapy) may be calculated for each exposure route.
CsPbI3/N-GQDs dual layer phosphor-converted white-LEDs with ultrahigh luminous efficiency and color rendering index
Authors: Dey Tamal , Ghorai Arup , Das Soumen , Ray Samit K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Phosphor-converted LEDs or pc-LEDs, as a solid-state lighting source, are attractive for next-generation display technologies because of their energy savings, and green environmentally friendly nature. Recently, white LEDs are being produced commercially by coating blue LED (440–470 nm) chips with various yellow-emitting phosphors. However, the LEDs produced by this technique often exhibit high correlated color temperature (CCT) and low color rendering index (CRI) values, due to sufficient red spectral components not being present, and thus aren’t suitable for commercial grade white illumination. To circumvent this drawback, our work reports for the first time the use of blue and green-emitting nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) coupled with red-emitting CsPbI3 NCs for phosphor-based LED applications. We deployed near-UV to visible excitable red-emitting perovskite CsPbI3 nanocrystals which contribute toward the red spectral component, thus greatly improving the CRI of the LEDs. CsPbI3 nanocrystals are optically excited by nitrogen-functionalized GQD with blue and green emissions in a remote double-layer phosphor stack technique. This double phosphor layer stacking greatly improves both the CRI and luminous efficiency of radiation (LER), which usually has a trade-off in previously reported phosphor stacks. A CCT of ∼5182 K providing daylight white tonality, with superior CRI (∼90%) and ultrahigh LER (∼250 lumens/watt) are reported, which are significantly higher than the established benchmarks.
Solutions to a nonlinear Dirac–Maxwell system: from periodic waves to soliton-like waves
Authors: Pan Chen , Yanheng Ding , Hua-Yang Wang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Using variational methods, we study the existence of stationary solutions to a periodic nonlinear Dirac–Maxwell system. Firstly, we prove the existence of n-periodic solutions to the system for all positive integers n. Then we use the concentration-compactness argument and the periodic approximation method for obtaining soliton-like solutions. We also investigate the existence of periodic ground states and soliton-like ground states, as well as their connection. Besides, results for the regularity of solutions and decay rate of the soliton-like solutions are given.
Arcs on speedskating straightaways: forces, energy and angular momentum
Authors: Nässén Nina , Nässén Hans-Åke , Pendrill Ann-Marie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The 10 000 m speedskating event during the 2022 winter Olympics brought a new world record at 12 min and 30.74 s. In a document released after the competitions, the gold medalist Nils van der Poel describes his technique, including a focus on horizontal forces and a rapid sideways motion in connection with stride changes on the straight sections of the track (the ‘straightaways’). Based on a video of the race, together with his written description, we suggest that van der Poel makes use of the properties of angular momentum to increase his speed during a stride by a rapid inwards shift of the centre of mass.
Evolution of positive streamers in air over non-planar dielectrics: experiments and simulations
Authors: Meyer H K H , Marskar R , Mauseth F 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study positive streamers in air propagating along polycarbonate dielectric plates with and without small-scale surface profiles. The streamer development was documented using light-sensitive high-speed cameras and a photo-multiplier tube, and the experimental results were compared with 2D fluid streamer simulations. Two profiles were tested, one with 0.5 mm deep semi-circular corrugations and one with 0.5 mm deep rectangular corrugations. A non-profiled surface was used as a reference. Both experiments and simulations show that the surface profiles lead to significantly slower surface streamers, and also reduce their length. The rectangular-cut profile obstructs the surface streamer more than the semi-circular profile. We find quantitative agreement between simulations and experiments. For the surface with rectangular grooves, the simulations also reveal a complex propagation mechanism where new positive streamers re-ignite inside the surface profile corrugations. The results are of importance for technological applications involving streamers and solid dielectrics.
A novel image encryption scheme based on compressive sensing, elliptic curves and a new jerk oscillator with multistability
Authors: Gakam Tegue G A , Nkapkop J D D , Tsafack N , Abdel M A , Kengne J , Ahmad M , Jiang D , Effa J Y , Tamba J G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Compression and encryption are the two main steps generally used to ensure fast and secure transmission of digital images over public communication channels. Among the existing crypto compression approaches, those based on compressive sensing and chaotic systems possess good potential. Unfortunately, the present literature presents some limits including speed issue, security issue and reconstruction problem. These problems are mainly due to the poor performances of the measurement matrix exploited. Note that in some cases these measurement matrices are obtained from chaotic sequences with very poor dynamics. To solve this problem, we proposed in this paper, a novel image encryption scheme based on 2D compressive sensing, elliptic curves and a new septic jerk oscillator with multistability. The proposed scheme adopts the compression before encryption topology to reduce the processing time and is divided into two main parts. The first part concerns image compression using compressive sensing. The input image data is divided into 4 blocks. Then, each block is compressed using 2D compressing sensing based on the measurements matrices generated using chaotic sequences coming from the novel septic jerk system. Next, the compressed blocks are combined to form the compressed image. In the second part, to strengthen the security, elliptic curve theory is used to construct a simple and secure

8
×
8

S-box for digital image substitution. This S-box is combined with the septic chaotic solutions to change the pixel’s positions and values of the compressed image. The analysis of simulation test indicates that the proposed cipher has good compression effect, good reconstruction capability even for low compression ratio, is fast and highly secure compared to some recent schemes. As such the proposed work can be exploited to compress and secure data in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications.
A color image encryption based on chaotic system and PSO-BP neural network and DNA mutation
Authors: Chu Ran , Zhang Shufang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A color image encryption based on the chaotic system, PSO-BP neural network and DNA mutation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, chaotic characteristics of the non-autonomous laser system are analyzed by phase diagram, Lyapunov exponent, and bifurcation diagram. Secondly, the hash value calculated by SHA-256 algorithm is used to change the initial conditions of chaotic system and generate chaotic sequence. Then, the color image is compressed by the back-propagation neural network based on particle swarm optimization. Based on dynamic encoding and decoding rules, image confusion and diffusion and DNA mutation are designed. Finally, experiments verify that the scheme can compress and encrypt color images, save transmission cost and improve the security performance, which is beneficial to the efficient transmission.
High-sensitive refractive index sensing and excellent slow light based on tunable triple plasmon-induced transparency in monolayer graphene based metamaterial
Authors: Zhou Xianwen , Xu Yiping , Li Yuhui , Cheng Shubo , Yi Zao , Xiao Guohui , Wang Ziyi , Chen Zhanyu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A patterned monolayer graphene metamaterial structure consisting of six graphene blocks and two graphene strips is proposed to generate triple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT). Triple-PIT can be effectively modulated by Fermi levels of graphene. The theoretically calculated results by coupled mode theory show a high matching degree with the numerically simulated results by finite-difference time-domain. Intriguingly, the high-sensitive refractive index sensing and excellent slow-light performance can be realized in the proposed graphene metamaterial structure. The sensitivity (S) and figure of merit can reach up to 5.7115 THz RIU−1 and 116.32, respectively. Moreover, the maximum group refractive index is 1036. Hence, these results may provide a new idea for designing graphene-based sensors and slow light devices.
Photonic band gaps and waveguide slow-light propagation in Bravais–Moiré two-dimensional photonic crystals
Authors: Gómez-Urrea H A , Cardona J G , Caro-Lopera F J , Mora-Ramos M E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Photonic band gap widths and slow-light optical guided modes are theoretically investigated for Bravais–Moiré (BM) photonic crystals (PCs) made of cylindrical dielectric cores which are formed from the combination of two square Bravais lattices. The Moiré pattern forms due to a commensurable rotation of one of these lattices with respect to the other. The analysis of gap maps is made versus the radii of dielectric cores—both rotated and unrotated—contained in the BM unit cell (UC). Guided modes are considered within the framework of coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs), built from the generation of a point defect chain along the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation. For the analyzed structures, rather wide photonic band gaps were found. It was noticed that changing the core radii can significantly affect the dielectric contrast in the UC, leading to wider gaps. In addition, due to the kind of crystal cell structure considered, guided modes with group velocities smaller than those typically observed in PCs with simple square lattices were found for the investigated CROWs.
Photoelectron spectromicroscopy analysis of graphene during gate-controlled photo-oxidation process
Authors: Nagamura Naoka , Konno Shun , Matsumoto Morihiro , Zhang Wenxiong , Kotsugi Masato , Oshima Masaharu , Nouchi Ryo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The analysis of chemical reactions in two-dimensional (2D) materials is becoming increasingly important for device applications. Typically, 2D materials are in the form of small flakes; therefore, local inhomogeneities between or within the flakes should be investigated. In this study, we investigated the gate-controlled UV photo-oxidation reaction of monolayer graphene sheets using field-effect transistor structures. We performed a surface characterization of the photo-oxidized graphene micro-sheets using an original scanning photoelectron microscopy system that enables element-selective electronic and chemical state analysis with a high spatial resolution. We succeeded for the first time in experimentally revealing the progression of the photo-oxidation reaction in graphene from the edge. During the photo-oxidation process, hole doping from the adsorbed molecules occurred first. The reaction proceeded selectively to the edges of the graphene sheets. Defects were then introduced by chemical reactions with adsorbed molecules, and finally the graphene sheets decomposed and disappeared.
Chromosome size matters: genome evolution in the cyperid clade
Authors: Elliott Tammy L , Zedek František , Barrett Russell L , Bruhl Jeremy J , Escudero Marcial , Hroudová Zdenka , Joly Simon , Larridon Isabel , Luceño Modesto , Márquez-Corro José Ignacio , Martín-Bravo Santiago , Muasya A Muthama , Šmarda Petr , Thomas William Wayt , Wilson Karen L , Bureš Petr 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsWhile variation in genome size and chromosome numbers and their consequences are often investigated in plants, the biological relevance of variation in chromosome size remains poorly known. Here, we examine genome and mean chromosome size in the cyperid clade (families Cyperaceae, Juncaceae and Thurniaceae), which is the largest vascular plant lineage with predominantly holocentric chromosomes.MethodsWe measured genome size in 436 species of cyperids using flow cytometry, and augment these data with previously published datasets. We then separately compared genome and mean chromosome sizes (2C/2n) amongst the major lineages of cyperids and analysed how these two genomic traits are associated with various environmental factors using phylogenetically informed methods.Key ResultsWe show that cyperids have the smallest mean chromosome sizes recorded in seed plants, with a large divergence between the smallest and largest values. We found that cyperid species with smaller chromosomes have larger geographical distributions and that there is a strong inverse association between mean chromosome size and number across this lineage.ConclusionsThe distinct patterns in genome size and mean chromosome size across the cyperids might be explained by holokinetic drive. The numerous small chromosomes might function to increase genetic diversity in this lineage where crossovers are limited during meiosis.