bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate magnetic resonance imaging‐targeted biopsy global grade correlates better than highest grade with prostatectomy grade
Authors: Ren Joyce , Melamed Jonathan , Taneja Samir S. , Wysock James S. , Huang William C. , Lepor Herbert , Deng Fang‐Ming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐targeted prostate biopsy has become an increasingly common method of diagnosing prostate cancer. A previous study from our institution demonstrated that the biopsy global Grade Group (gGG, aggregate GG of all positive cores) and highest Grade Group (hGG in any core) both show substantial concordance with the Grade Group at radical prostatectomy (RPGG) while the discordance predominantly consists of upgrading in gGG and downgrading in hGG. We performed a larger cohort study focused on biopsy cases in which gGG and hGG differ, to determine their relative concordance with RPGG.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of radical prostatectomy specimens with prior MRI‐targeted biopsies from our institution between 2016 and 2020. Separate gGG and hGG were assigned to each MRI‐targeted lesion. Targeted lesions with different gGG versus hGG were segregated from those with identical gGG and hGG. The concordance of biopsy GG with RPGG was evaluated using κ coefficient analysis.ResultsOf the 489 lesions with MRI‐targeted biopsies, 82 (17%) differed in gGG versus hGG. The gGG of 46 (56%), 33 (40%), and 3 (4%) lesions were unchanged, upgraded, and downgraded at radical prostatectomy, respectively (κ= 0.302, weighted κ = 0.334). The hGG of 24 (29%), 9 (11%), and 49 (60%) lesions were unchanged, upgraded, and downgraded at radical prostatectomy, respectively (κ = 0.040, weighted κ = 0.198). When stratified by the biopsy GG, gGG showed the highest concordance in GG2 (61%) and GG3 (54%) lesions. The hGG resulted in substantial downgrading (60%) with less optimal concordance regardless of the biopsy GG. Neither the prebiopsy prostate specific antigen level nor the PI‐RADS score was predictive of upgrading of gGG.ConclusionsWhen gGG and hGG differ, gGG method more accurately predicts the RPGG than hGG, particularly in GG2 and GG3 lesions which comprised the majority of targeted lesions.
Quantum chemical modeling of electron‐deficient hollow TlkPb12–k and TlkBi20–k shells and related endohedral complexes (k = 1; 2)
Authors: Semenov Sergey G. , Bedrina Marina E. , Klemeshev Vladimir A. , Titov Anatoly V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe equilibrium structural parameters, symmetry groups, and dipole moments of the free hollow electron‐deficient TlBi19, Tl2Bi18, p‐, m‐, o‐Tl2Pb10 shells and the endohedral (He, Ne)@Tl2Pb10, (Y, La, Lu, Tl, Bi, Ce)@TlPb11, Tl@(Y, La, Lu) Pb11, Sr@TlBi19, Tl@SrBi19, Yb@TlBi19, Tl@YbBi19, [Y@TlBi19]+, [Lu@TlBi19]+, Sr@Tl2Bi18, and Yb@Tl2Bi18 complexes are predicted by using DFT (U)PBE0 hybrid method. The isomerization of (Sr, Yb)@TlkBi20–k into Tl@(Sr, Yb) Tlk–1Bi20–k is endothermic. The isodesmic substitution of an endo‐atom in the Tl@TlPb11 cluster for a rare‐earth atom is exothermic. The hollow TlkBi20–k (Sr, Yb) complexes with Tl in the shell and with Sr or Yb exo‐atom are impossible. The endo‐atoms plunge in hollow TlPb11 and hollow TlBi19 shells without delay on its surface. The (C5v)‐TlPb11 and (C3v)‐TlBi19 shells are stabilized by an endo‐atom X with oxidation number ΞX = +3 and +2, respectively. No one cerium IV oxidation state has been predicted. The integer number ΞX is presented as a function of the populations of one‐electron states in the shell surrounding the endo‐atom X. Each Pb or Bi atom in the electron‐deficient clusters retains an entirely localized lone electron pair. The change in the IR spectrum when a metal atom is embedded into its cavity indicates a strong interaction between the components of the endohedral complex. Structural aspects of the β‐decay of a radioactive endo‐atom in the cavity of a metal cluster are discussed.
Interference in photo‐detachment of triatomic negative ion near a hard reflecting surface
Authors: Khan Farooq , Rehman Habib U. , Asif Syed M. , Khan Muhammad Abbas , Khan Muhammad Aslam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe physical phenomena in which an extra electron is removed from a negative ion is called photo‐detachment. Photo‐detachment is important phenomena, used to find the structure of anions, particularly to find the electron affinities. In this paper, we present theoretically the induced effects in the photo‐detached of triatomic anion H3− near hard reflecting wall or surface. For the photo‐detachment process, a z‐polarized coherent source of radiations (laser) is used to kick electrons from H3− anion in the domain of a hard reflecting surface. Imaging method is adopted to derive the generalized detached electron wave, differential cross‐section and the total photo detachment cross‐section analytically. Numerical solutions (simulations) for total electron flux and the total cross‐section is presented. The electron flux, shows visible oscillations and hence the induced effect of surface in the interference. It is depicted that the reflecting hard wall strongly affects the flux and total photo‐detachment cross‐section. The analytical results are extended for triiodide I3− anion numerically, which also show interference. The total photo detachment cross‐section for I3− is calculated numerically and compared with cross‐section of H3−.
Analysis of protein expression changes in patients with prediabetes using proteomics approaches
Authors: Li Huan , Xie Xiaomin , Liu Huili , Zhang Li , Qiang Dan , Li Ling , He Yan Ting , Bai Guirong 
Published: December 2022

RationaleProteomics and metabolomics are widely used in the study of diabetes, but rarely in prediabetes research. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of early‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by analyzing proteomic changes at different stages of glucose metabolism.MethodsA total of 40 individuals undergoing routine physical health examinations between December 2016 and April 2017 were enrolled. Subjects were divided into four groups based on fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels: FPG < 5.6 mmol/L (group A); FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L and <6.1 mmol/L (group B); FPG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L and <7.0 mmol/L (group C); and FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (group D). Each group had 10 cases. Sera from these 40 subjects were analyzed by label‐free quantitative liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). LC/MS/MS with selected reaction monitoring mode was also performed for qualitative and quantitative metabolomics analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were identified. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) were used to analyze the differentially expressed metabolites.ResultsA total of 202 differentially expressed proteins were screened and were identified as mainly secreted proteins. Comparing group A with group B, 32 proteins were up‐regulated and 18 proteins were down‐regulated. Comparing group A with group C, 24 proteins were up‐regulated and 24 proteins were down‐regulated. Comparing group A with group D, 19 proteins were up‐regulated and 17 proteins were down‐regulated. The fold change for up‐regulated proteins was >1.2, p < 0.05, while the fold change for down‐regulated proteins was <−1.2, p < 0.05. PLS‐DA and OPLS‐DA revealed 113 differentially expressed metabolites. Correlation analysis of differentially expressed metabolites of group A versus group B revealed that among the down‐regulated differential proteins, transforming growth factor β‐induced protein ig‐h3 correlated negatively with metabolite L‐saccharin, while among the up‐regulated differential proteins, apolipoprotein C‐IV correlated negatively with metabolite 3‐methyloxindole. Among all differentially expressed proteins, 19 proteins were associated with early initiation of chronic inflammation, including CD14 and CSF‐1R, which were newly identified in the early onset of T2DM.ConclusionsMany proteins are differentially expressed between prediabetes and after T2DM diagnosis, although the specific mechanism remains unclear. The expression level of CD14 was significantly up‐regulated and that of CSF‐1R was significantly down‐regulated when FPG was ≥5.6 mmol/L, suggesting that CD14 and CSF‐1R may be important markers for early‐onset T2DM and may serve as new targets for T2DM treatment.
Fixed‐time control of nonlinear p‐normal systems under saturated threshold event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Liu Yang , Meng Yanting , Liang Hongjing , Wang Lijie 
Published: December 2022

SummaryIn this article, the saturated threshold event‐triggered (STET) adaptive fixed‐time control problem for a class of nonlinear ‐normal systems with external disturbances is studied. Firstly, a nonsingular fixed‐time controller is designed by adding one power integrator and a smoothing function. Compared with existing fixed‐time control schemes for nonlinear ‐normal systems, the upper bound estimation of settling time is more accurate. Second, an STET control strategy is introduced to reduce the communication burden. Moreover, the influence of external disturbances on the system is inhibited by performance. Through theoretical analysis, it is proved that all states in closed‐loop system converge to origin within a fixed‐time and the Zeno phenomenon is completely circumvented. Simulation results are finally provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Robust model‐free adaptive longitudinal flight control for a flapping wing micro air vehicle with wind disturbances
Authors: Yang Zunyao , Hou Zhongsheng , Jin Shangtai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, two robust model‐free adaptive control (RMFAC) methods are proposed for a nonlinear flapping wing micro air vehicle (FWMAV) subject to measurable and unmeasurable wind disturbances. Firstly, a novel disturbance‐related full‐form dynamic linearization technique (DFFDL) is developed to transform the FWMAV with measurable disturbances into a dynamic linearization data model. Then, a DFFDL based RMFAC method is designed based on the obtained data model for the FWMAV to suppress the wind disturbances. Next, the stability analysis shows that the system output tracking error converges into a bounded range. And the above result is extended to the case of unmeasurable disturbances. Finally, the simulation comparison results demonstrate the effectiveness of two proposed RMFAC methods.
Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage Enabled by an In Situ Formed Porous TiO2
Authors: Liu Qingyi , Xiao Tong , Zhao Jiateng , Sun Wenjie , Liu Changhui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUneven and insufficient encapsulation caused by surface tension between supporting and phase change materials (PCMs) can be theoretically avoided if the encapsulation process co‐occurs with the formation of supporting materials in the same environment. Herein, for the first time, a one‐pot one‐step (OPOS) protocol is developed for synthesizing TiO2‐supported PCM composite, in which porous TiO2 is formed in situ in the solvent of melted PCMs and directly produces the desired thermal energy storage materials with the completion of the reaction. The preparation features straightforward operation and high environmental metrics with no emission, requires only stirring and heating without the addition of organic solvent or catalyst. Moreover, the preparation process can be easily scaled‐up at the laboratory. Because of the OPOS protocol and porous TiO2 inside, the as‐obtained PCM composite possesses a 66.5% encapsulation ratio and 166.8% thermal conductivity enhancement compared to pristine unsupported PCMs, with 94.7% light‐to‐thermal conversion efficiency and promising bacterial inhibition activity without any leakage.
Phase Transition of MoTe2 Controlled in van der Waals Heterostructure Nanoelectromechanical Systems
Authors: Ye Fan , Islam Arnob , Wang Yanan , Guo Jing , Feng Philip X.‐L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis work reports experimental demonstrations of reversible crystalline phase transition in ultrathin molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) controlled by thermal and mechanical mechanisms on the van der Waals (vdW) nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) platform, with hexagonal boron nitride encapsulated MoTe2 structure residing on top of graphene layer. Benefiting from very efficient electrothermal heating and straining effects in the suspended vdW heterostructures, MoTe2 phase transition is triggered by rising temperature and strain level. Raman spectroscopy monitors the MoTe2 crystalline phase signatures in situ and clearly records reversible phase transitions between hexagonal 2H (semiconducting) and monoclinic 1T′ (metallic) phases. Combined with Raman thermometry, precisely measured nanomechanical resonances of the vdW devices enable the determination and monitoring of the strain variations as temperature is being regulated by electrothermal control. These results not only deepen the understanding of MoTe2 phase transition, but also demonstrate a novel platform for engineering MoTe2 phase transition and multiphysical devices.
En Route to High‐Density Chiral Single‐walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays using Solid Trojan Catalysts
Authors: Liu Dayan , Xiang Kai , Zhang Shuchen , Wang Ying , Zhang Hongjie , Wang Taibin , Yang Feng , Du Ran , Qian Jinjie , Yang Zhi , Hu Yue , Huang Shaoming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSolid catalyst is widely recognized as an effective strategy to control the chirality of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). However, it is still not compatible with high density in horizontal arrays. “Trojan” catalysts strategy is one of the most effective methods to realize SWNTs with high density and has great potential in chirality control. Here, the co‐realization of high density and chirality controlling for SWNTs in a low‐temperature growth process is reported based on the developed solid “Trojan” catalyst. High temperature “Trojan” catalyst formation process provides sufficient catalyst number to acquire high density. These liquid “Trojan” catalysts are cooled to solid state by adopting low growth temperature (540 °C), which can be good template to realize the chirality controlling of SWNTs with exposing six‐fold symmetry face, (111). Finally, (9, 6) and (13, 1) SWNTs enriched horizontal array with the purity of ≈90% and density of 4 tubes µm−1 is realized. The comparison between the distribution of initial catalysts and the density of as‐grown tubes indicates no sacrificing on catalysts number to improve chirality selectivity. This work opens a new avenue on the catalyst's design and chirality controlling in SWNTs growth.
Retrieving Grain Boundaries in 2D Materials
Authors: Yu Maolin , Hu Zhili , Zhou Jingzhuo , Lu Yang , Guo Wanlin , Zhang Zhuhua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe coalescence of randomly distributed grains with different crystallographic orientations can result in pervasive grain boundaries (GBs) in 2D materials during their chemical synthesis. GBs not only are the inherent structural imperfection that causes influential impacts on structures and properties of 2D materials, but also have emerged as a platform for exploring unusual physics and functionalities stemming from dramatic changes in local atomic organization and even chemical makeup. Here, recent advances in studying the formation mechanism, atomic structures, and functional properties of GBs in a range of 2D materials are reviewed. By analyzing the growth mechanism and the competition between far‐field strain and local chemical energies of dislocation cores, a complete understanding of the rich GB morphologies as well as their dependence on lattice misorientations and chemical compositions is presented. Mechanical, electronic, and chemical properties tied to GBs in different materials are then discussed, towards raising the concept of using GBs as a robust atomic‐scale scaffold for realizing tailored functionalities, such as magnetism, luminescence, and catalysis. Finally, the future opportunities in retrieving GBs for making functional devices and the major challenges in the controlled formation of GB structures for designed applications are commented.
Partial Sulphidation to Regulate Coordination Structure of Single Nickel Atoms on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Solar H2 Evolution
Authors: Wang Guanchao , Ma Ying , Zhang Ting , Liu Yuefeng , Wang Baojun , Zhang Riguang , Zhao Zhongkui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo develop a non‐precious highly efficient cocatalyst to replace Pt on graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) for solar H2 production is great significant, but still remains a huge challenge. The emerging single‐atom catalyst presents a promising strategy for developing highly efficient non‐precious cocatalyst owing to its unique adjustability of local coordination environment and electronic structure. Herein, this work presents a facile approach to achieve single Ni sites (Ni1‐N2S) with unique local coordination structure featuring one Ni atom coordinated with two nitrogen atoms and one sulfur atom, confirmed by high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculation. Thanks to the unique electron structure of Ni1‐N2S sites, the 1095 µmol g−1 h−1 of high H2 evolution rate with 4.1% of apparent quantum yield at 420 nm are achieved. This work paves a pathway for designing a highly efficient non‐precious transition metal cocatalyst for photocatalytic H2 evolution.
Triple Stimuli‐Responsive Flexible Shape Memory Foams with Super‐Amphiphilicity
Authors: Ding Xinyun , Shi Yunan , Xu Shijie , Zhang Yukun , Du Jiang , Qiu Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHighly porous multi‐responsive shape memory foams have unique advantages in designing 3D materials with lightweight for varied applications. Herein, a facile and efficient approach to fabricating a thermo‐, electro‐, and photo‐responsive shape memory composite foam is demonstrated. A specific multi‐step carbonization protocol is adopted for transforming commercial melamine sponge (MS) to highly porous carbon foam (CF) with robust elastic resilience, efficient electrothermal/photothermal conversions, and super‐amphiphilicity. It is a novel proposal for CF to take the dual role of the elastic supporting framework and 3D energy conversion/transmission network without any functional fillers. The composite foam cPCL@CF incorporates the CF skeleton with in situ crosslinked polycaprolactone (PCL) layers, which exhibits high conductivity (≈140 S m−1) and excellent light absorption (≈97.7%) in the range of 250–2500 nm. By triggering the crystalline transition of PCL, the composite foam displays sensitive electro‐ and photo‐induced shape memory effect (SME) with outstanding shape fixation ratio (Rf) and recovery ratio (Rr). Thanks to the super‐amphiphilicity and high electrical conductivity, the cPCL@CF composite foam can give rapid and distinguishable electric signals upon tiny drips of salt solutions or lithium‐ion battery (LIB) electrolytes, making it a new type of sensor for detecting electrolyte leakage.
Synergistic Effect of Surface p‐Doping and Passivation Improves the Efficiency, Stability, and Reduces Lead Leakage in All‐Inorganic CsPbIBr2‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: He Jian , Wang Qingrui , Xu Yumeng , Guo Xing , Zhou Long , Su Jie , Lin Zhenhua , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue , Chang Jingjing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWide‐bandgap inorganic cesium lead halide CsPbIBr2 is a popular optoelectronic material that researchers are interested in because of the character that balances the power conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells. It also has great potential in semitransparent solar cells, indoor photovoltaics, and as a subcell for tandem solar cells. Although CsPbIBr2‐based devices have achieved good performance, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of CsPbIBr2‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still lower, and it is critical to further reduce large energy losses (Eloss). Herein, a strategy is proposed for achieving surface p‐type doping for CsPbIBr2‐based perovskite for the first time, using 1,5‐Diaminopentane dihydroiodide at the perovskite surface to improve hole extraction efficiency. Meanwhile, the adjusted energy levels reduce Eloss and improve Voc of the CsPbIBr2 PSCs. Furthermore, the Cs‐ and Br‐vacancies at the interface are filled, reducing structural disorder and defect states and thus improving the quality of the perovskite film. As a result, the target device achieves a high efficiency of 11.02% with a Voc of 1.33 V, which is among the best values. In addition to the improved performance, the stability of the target device under various conditions is enhanced, and the lead leakage is effectively suppressed.
Gradient‐Structured Ceramics with High Energy Storage Performance and Excellent Stability
Authors: Yan Fei , Ge Guanglong , Qian Jin , Lin Jinfeng , Chen Chukai , Liu Zhifu , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOwing to the high power density, eco‐friendly, and outstanding stability, the lead‐free ceramics have attracted great interest in the fields of pulsed power systems. Nevertheless, the low energy storage density of such ceramics is undoubtedly a severe problem in practical applications. To overcome this limitation, the lead‐free ceramics with gradient structures are designed and fabricated using the tape‐casting method herein. By optimizing the composition and distribution of the gradient‐structured ceramics, the energy storage density, and efficiency can be improved simultaneously. Under a moderate electric field of 320 kV cm−1, the value of recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) is higher than 4 J cm−3, and the energy storage efficiency (η) is of ≥88% for 20‐5‐20 and 20‐10‐20. Furthermore, the gradient‐structured ceramics of 20‐10‐0‐10‐20 and 20‐15‐0‐15‐20 possess high applied electric field, large maximum polarization, and small remnant polarization, which give rise to ultrahigh Wrec and η on the order of ≈6.5 J cm−3 and 89–90%, respectively. In addition, the energy storage density and efficiency also exhibit excellent stability over a broad range of frequencies, temperatures, and cycling numbers. This work provides an effective strategy for improving the energy storage capability of eco‐friendly ceramics.
Ultra‐Stable and Highly Efficient White Light Emitting Diodes through CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals−Silica Composite Phosphor Functionalized with Surface Phenyl Molecules
Authors: Yoon Soyeon , Seo Minjun , Kim In Soo , Lee Kwangyeol , Woo Kyoungja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPoor stability of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) to moisture/heat/light has significantly limited their application as a green phosphor, despite their outstanding luminescent properties. Here, a remarkably stable CsPbBr3 NCs−silica composite phosphor functionalized with surface phenyl molecules (CsPbBr3−SiO2Ph) is synthesized by controlling low‐temperature hydrolysis and condensation reaction of perhydropolysilazane in the presence of CsPbBr3 NCs followed by phenyl‐functionalization. Through the process, CsPbBr3 NCs are confined in a compact silica matrix, which is impermeable to H2O. The synthesis strategy is extended to a classical red quantum dot, CdZnSeS@ZnS NCs, to fabricate a white light emitting diode (WLED) consisting of CsPbBr3−SiO2Ph and CdZnSeS@ZnS−SiO2Ph phosphor and silicone resin packaged on a commercial blue InGaN chip with luminous efficacy (LE) of 9.36 lm W−1. The WLED undergoes enhancements in both green and red photoluminescence over time to achieve a highly efficient performance of 38.80 lm W−1. More importantly, the WLED exhibits unprecedented operational stability of LE/LE0 = 94% after 101 h‐operation at 20 mA (2.56 V). The ultra‐high operational stability and efficient performance are mainly attributed to thermal curing and aging through which grain growth occurs as well as deactivation of defect states by permeated atmospheric O2.