bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between vitamin D and zoledronate-induced acute-phase response fever risk in osteoporotic patients
Authors: Lu Ke , Shi Qin , Gong Ya-qin , Li Chong 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo elucidate the independent correlation between vitamin D content and zoledronate (ZOL)-triggered acute-phase response (APR) fever risk in osteoporotic (OP) patients, and to examine the potential threshold for optimal vitamin D concentrations that prevent the occurrence of ZOL-induced fever.MethodsThis retrospective investigation was based on a prospectively documented database compiled at the Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University between January 2015 and March 2022. In total, 2095 OP patients, who received ZOL during hospitalization, were selected for analysis. The primary endpoint was the presence (&gt;37.3°C) or absence (≤37.3°C) of fever, quantified by the maximum body temperature, measured within 3 days of ZOL infusion. The exposure variable was the baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels.ResultsThe OP patients with fever exhibited markedly reduced 25(OH)D content than those without fever. Upon adjusting for age, gender, order of infusion of ZOL, main diagnosis, season of blood collection, year of blood collection, calcitonin usage, and beta-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) levels, a 10 ng/mL rise in serum 25(OH)D content was correlated with a 14% (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.98, P-value = 0.0188) decrease in the odds of ZOL-induced fever. In addition, a non-linear relationship was also observed between 25(OH)D levels and fever risk, and the turning point of the adjusted smoothed curve was 35 ng/mL of serum 25(OH)D content.ConclusionsHerein, we demonstrated the independent negative relationship between serum 25(OH)D content and ZOL-induced fever risk. According to our analysis, 25(OH)D above 35 ng/mL may be more effective in preventing ZOL-induced APR. If this is confirmed, a “vitamin D supplemental period” is warranted prior to ZOL infusion, particularly the first ZOL infusion, to ensure appropriate 25(OH)D levels that protect against ZOL-induced fever.
Investigation of dust pollutants and the impact of suspended particulate matter on the performance of photovoltaic systems
Authors: Tamoor Muhammad , Hussain Muhammad Imtiaz , Bhatti Abdul Rauf , Miran Sajjad , Arif Waseem , Kiren Tayybah , Lee Gwi Hyun 
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of airborne particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and its impact on the performance of the photovoltaic (PV) system installed in the Sargodha region, being affected by the crushing activities in the hills. More than 100 stone crushers are operating in this region. Four stations within this region are selected for taking samples during the summer and winter seasons. Glass–fiber papers are used as a collection medium for particulate matter (PM) in a high-volume sampler. The concentration of PM is found above the permissible limit at all selected sites. The chemical composition, concentration, and the formation of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) layers on the surface of the photovoltaic module varies significantly depending on the site’s location and time. The accumulation of PM layers on the PV module surface is one of the operating environmental factors that cause significant reduction in PV system performance. Consequently, it leads to power loss, reduction of service life, and increase in module temperature. For the PV system’s performance analysis, two PV systems are installed at the site, having higher PM concentration. One system is cleaned regularly, while the other remains dusty. The data of both PV systems are measured and compared for 4 months (2 months for the summer season and 2 months for the winter season). It is found that when the level of suspended particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) increases, the energy generation of the dusty PV system (compared to the cleaned one) is reduced by 7.48% in May, 7.342% in June, 10.68% in December, and 8.03% in January. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended that the negative impact of PM on the performance of the PV system should be considered carefully during the decision-making process of setting solar energy generation targets in the regions with a high level of particulate matter.
Spatial downscaling of surface ozone concentration calculation from remotely sensed data based on mutual information
Authors: Wang Xiangkai , Xue Yong , Jin Chunlin , Sun Yuxin , Li Na 
Published: October 2022

Accurate near surface ozone concentration calculation with high spatial resolution data is very important to solve the problem of serious ozone pollution and health impact assessment. However, the existing remotely sensed ozone products cannot meet the requirements of high spatial resolution monitoring. In this study, surface O3 concentration (at 30 km spatial resolution) was extracted from the daily TROPOMI O3 profile products. Meanwhile, this study improved the downscaling algorithm based on the mutual information and applied it to the mapping of surface O3 concentration in China. Combined with the surface O3 concentration data (with 5 km spatial resolution) obtained by using the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm and AOD data (at 1 km resolution) from MODIS, the downscaling of TROPOMI ground O3 concentration data from 30 km to 1 km has been achieved in this study. The downscaled ground O3 concentration data were subsequently validated using an independent ground O3 concentration dataset. The main conclusion of this study is that the mutual information entropy between the bottom layer data of the TROPOMI ozone profile (at 30 km resolution), LightGBM surface O3 concentration data (at 5 km resolution), and MCD19A2 AOD data (at 1 km resolution) can accurately reduce the spatial resolution of ozone concentration in the ground layer. The downscaling procedure not only resulted in increase of the spatial resolution over the whole area but also significant improvements in precision with coefficient of determination (R2) increased from 0.733 to 0.823, mean biased error decreased from 7.905 μg/m3 to 3.887 μg/m3, and root-mean-square error decreased from 14.395 μg/m3 to 8.920 μg/m3 for ground O3 concentration.
A preliminary investigation of amino acid and acylcarnitine levels in neonates from the Tibet autonomous
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Dha Drun , Cheng Yuxuan , Ma Ya , Meng Yan , Tse Drun , Ngawang Dolma , Dekyi Pedrun , Jiang Tao , Shu Yang , Cui Jiayi , Li Jing , Tian Yaping 
Published: October 2022

Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate the levels of amino acids and acylcarnitines in newborns of the Tibet Autonomous Region for the first time and to provide an experimental basis for the diagnosis of genetic metabolic diseases.Methods: We detected concentrations of 43 kinds of amino acids, acylcarnitines and succinylacetone in the dried blood spots of 18482 newborns using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and diagnose the case by gene sequencing. We compared the indexes between Tibet and our lab, where most data come from an inland area and Han Chinese people. Then we compared amino acid and acylcarnitine levels of seven regions in Tibet and explored their impact factors.Results: We described the levels of amino acids and acylcarnitines in Tibet newborns using 95% confidence intervals. The distribution of amino acid and acylcarnitines were different in Tibet.Conclusion: This study has contributed to filling in the blanks of Tibet newborn screening, which should be considered in the newborn metabolic disease screening in this area.
Comparison of neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A propensity score matching
Authors: Jing Shao-Wu , Zhai Chang , Zhang Wei , He Ming , Liu Qing-Yi , Yao Ji-Fang , Wang Rui , Tian Zi-Qiang , Wang Jun , Liu Jun-Feng 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesClinical studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) have been carried out for the resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). So far, few studies have compared the survival outcomes of nCT plus ICIs and nCT alone. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant ICIs combined with nCT versus nCT followed by esophagectomy for patients with resectable locally advanced ESCC.MethodsA retrospective analysis of ESCC patients underwent nCT or nCT combined with ICIs followed by esophagectomy (from March 2013 to April 2021) was performed. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) with a caliper 0.01 was conducted to balance potential bias.ResultsA total of 47 comparable pairs of ESCC patients receiving nCT and nCT combined with ICIs were selected for the final analysis. The tumor regression grade (TRG) 0 and pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in the nCT+ICIs group were significantly higher than those of the nCT group (21.7% vs. 4.5%, P=0.016; and 17.0% vs. 2.1%, P=0.035, respectively). The rate of nerve invasion was 4.3% in the nCT+ICIs group, significantly lower than 23.4% of the nCT group (P=0.007). The incidences of adverse events in the nCT+ICIs group were similar compared with the nCT group and there was no grade 5 toxicity in either group. The 1-, 2-year disease-free survival rates (DFS) were 95.7%, 80.7% and 76.1%, 63.8% in the two groups (P=0.001, and P=0.046, respectively). The 1-year OS was improved in the nCT+ICIs group, which was close to a statistical difference (95.7% vs. 84.8%, P=0.074). Local recurrence rate in the nCT+ICIs group was 6.4%, significantly lower than 21.3% of the nCT group (P=0.036), while there was no significant difference in the distant metastasis.ConclusionsCompared with nCT alone, neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus nCT for patients with locally advanced ESCC has an advantage in pathological response, and could improve DFS with a good safety and feasibility, while long term survival validation is still needed further.
Grain size controls on long-chain diol distributions and proxy signals in marine sediments
Authors: Lattaud Julie , Eglinton Timothy Ian , Tallon Marie , Bröder Lisa , Erdem Zeynep , Ausín Blanca 
Published: October 2022

Long chain alkyl diols (LCDs) are lipid biomarkers that occur ubiquitously in sediments. Their abundance and distributions are increasingly used as the basis of molecular proxies for environmental parameters such as sea surface temperature (SST) via the Long chain Diol Index (LDI), and upwelling intensity and nutrient conditions (parametrized as diol indices, DI-2, and Nutrient Diol Index, NDI, respectively). Their marine producers remain the subject of debate, but in cultures, they can be found within the outer wall (algaenan) of eustigmatophytes or in Proboscia diatoms. LCDs appear to be well preserved in sediments, potentially as a result of their association with algaenan and/or minerals, but little is known of their pre-depositional histories, in particular transport dynamics. Here, 15 surface continental margin sediments as well as one high-deposition-rate sediment core (50 cm, spanning the last ~30 years) were analyzed in order to evaluate the impact of organo-mineral associations, lateral transport, and hydrodynamic sorting on sedimentary LCD signals. The abundance and distribution of LCDs in bulk sediments and corresponding grain-size fractions was determined. The highest proportion of all LCD isomers is found in the fine fraction (2 – 10 µm), which also holds the highest proportion of organic matter in relation to the other grain-size fractions. However, LCDs are also found in the other fractions (sand, coarse silt, and clay), and their concentrations are not correlated with bulk organic carbon content, indicating different preservation or transport mechanisms. LDI-SST in the bulk sediment is comparable to the mean annual SST at all sites except those influenced by upwelling and characterized by strong seasonal SST gradients. To the contrary of other biomarker-related proxies (e.g., alkenones), lateral transport does not appear to strongly affect LDI-SST in size fractions, suggesting that the intimate relationship of LCD with the algaenan may counteract the influence of hydrodynamic mineral sorting processes on related proxy signals. The difference between the fraction-weighted LCD concentration and bulk sedimentary LCD concentration indicates potential release of LCD during laboratory fractionation, suggesting degradation of algaenan or dissolution of opal frustules.
Megaherbivore exclusion led to more complex seagrass canopies and increased biomass and sediment Corg pools in a tropical meadow
Authors: Samper-Villarreal Jimena , Moya-Ramírez Jairo , Cortés Jorge 
Published: October 2022

In some regions of the Caribbean Sea, seagrasses have been negatively affected by sea turtle overgrazing. Seagrass canopy complexity has declined at a long-term monitoring site in Costa Rica. We deployed megaherbivore exclosures for 13 months and found an increase over time in seagrass cover and maximum canopy height to ~ 75% and 20 cm respectively in the exclosures; while they remained steady in controls at &lt; 25% and ~ 5 cm. Following exclusion, above ground biomass was higher in exclosures (320 ± 58 g DW m-2) compared to controls (171 ± 60 g DW m-2). Leaves were longer and wider in the exclosures (8 ± 5 cm and 0.8 ± 0.2 cm) compared to controls (2 ± 2 cm and 0.5 ± 0.1 cm). Above ground biomass Corg pools in exclosures (1.2 ± 0.2 Mg ha-1) were two-times higher than in controls (0.6 ± 0.2 Mg ha-1). Meanwhile, there was no variation between treatments in seagrass shoot density (1,692 ± 803 shoots m-2), below ground biomass (246 ± 103 g DW m-2) and its Corg pool (0.8 ± 0.4 Mg ha-1). Relative sediment level increased up to 4.4 cm within exclosures revealing a net increase in sediment Corg, while surficial sediment Corg percentage was similar between exclosures and controls. Releasing these meadows from megaherbivore grazing therefore led to a clear increase within exclosures of seagrass cover, canopy complexity, above ground biomass, and Corg pools in above ground biomass and sediment. Our study reveals that the decline in canopy complexity over time at this meadow is linked to megaherbivore grazing and has most likely led to a decrease in blue carbon pools. Excessive megaherbivore grazing at this site could lead to a continued decline or potential loss of the meadow, and seagrass conservation and restoration initiatives should include consideration of trophic dynamics.
Dearth of influenza among older adults admitted with respiratory symptoms in Malaysia during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in 2021
Authors: Tan Maw Pin , Leong Chee Loon , Pang Yong Kek , Razali Rizah Mazzuin , Ismail Ahmad Izuanuddin , Sam I-Ching , Abdul Rani Rosilawati , Chong Jennifer , Mohd Zim Mohd Arif , Musa Aisya Natasya , Leong Jia Hui , Idris Salmah , Khor Jean , Cheong Adelina , El Guerche-Séblain Clotilde , Hasmukharay Kejal , Arumugam Minalosani , Khalid Khairil Erwan , Ismail Ismaliza , Cheah Wee Kooi 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionInfluenza is a common respiratory virus which leads to over 400,000 annual deaths globally. Mortality from influenza is highest among those aged 75 years and over living in Africa and Southeast Asia.ObjectiveTo determine the burden of influenza among older adults presenting to public hospitals with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective, observational study recruited individuals aged 65 years and over who presented to four Malaysian hospitals with SARI from 1 January to 31 December 2021. Those with prior confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were excluded. SARS-CoV-2 was detected through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with routine diagnostic kits. Influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) viruses were detected with Xpress Flu/RSV kits using the GeneXpert rapid real-time PCR system (Cepheid, USA).ResultsSamples were obtained from 512 participants, comprising 296 (57.8%) men and 216 (42.2%) women, with a mean age (SD) of 74.0 (7.1) years. Inpatient death occurred in 48 (9.6%) individuals. Significant differences existed in age, ethnicity, and comorbidities across study sites. One (0.2%) case of influenza A, two (0.4%) cases of RSV and 63 (12.5%) cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected over the 1-year period. Cases of COVID-19 mirrored national trends derived from open source data, while the dearth of influenza cases mirrored national and global Flunet figures.ConclusionOur observational study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic detected only one case of influenza, alongside a high SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate. The poor uptake of influenza vaccination nationally, worsened by the recent pandemic restrictions, could lead to waning immunity from the absence of seasonal exposure. Potentially deadly outbreaks may then occur when lockdown and infection control measures are eventually removed.
Structural and electronic properties of the active site of [ZnFe] SulE
Authors: Moubarak Samah , Rippers Yvonne , Elghobashi-Meinhardt Nadia , Mroginski Maria Andrea 
Published: October 2022

The function of the recently isolated sulerythrin (SulE) has been investigated using a combination of structural and electronic analyses based on quantum mechanical calculations. In the SulE structure of Fushinobu et al. (2003), isolated from a strictly aerobic archaeon, Sulfolobus tokadaii, a dioxygen-containing species was tentatively included at the active site during crystallographic refinement although the substrate specificity of SulE remains unclear. Studies have suggested that a structurally related enzyme, rubrerythrin, functions as a hydrogen peroxide reductase. Since SulE is a truncated version of rubrerythrin, the enzymes are hypothesized to function similarly. Hence, using available X-ray crystallography data (1.7 Å), we constructed various models of SulE containing a ZnII–Fe active site, differing in the nature of the substrate specificity (O2, H2O2), the oxidation level and the spin state of the iron ion, and the protonation states of the coordinating glutamate residues. Also, the substrate H2O2 is modeled in two possible configurations, differing in the orientation of the hydrogen atoms. Overall, the optimized geometries with an O2 substrate do not show good agreement with the experimentally resolved geometry. In contrast, excellent agreement between crystal structure arrangement and optimized geometries is achieved considering a H2O2 substrate and FeII in both spin states, when Glu92 is protonated. These results suggest that the dioxo species detected at the [ZnFe] active site of sulerythrin is H2O2, rather than an O2 molecule in agreement with experimental data indicating that only the diferrous oxidation state of the dimetal site in rubrerythrin reacts rapidly with H2O2. Based on our computations, we proposed a possible reaction pathway for substrate binding at the ZnFeII site of SulE with a H2O2 substrate. In this reaction pathway, Fe or another electron donor, such as NAD(P)H, catalyzes the reduction of H2O2 to water at the zinc–iron site.
Association of time to groin puncture with patient outcome after endovascular therapy stratified by etiology
Authors: Zhang Yiran , Hong Lan , Ling Yifeng , Yang Lumeng , Li Siyuan , Cheng Xin , Dong Qiang 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundRandomized clinical trials and large stroke registries have demonstrated a time-dependent benefit of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). The aim of this study was to investigate whether this could be applied to different stroke subtypes in a real-world single-center cohort.Materials and methodsConsecutive ischemic stroke patients with LVOs presenting within 24 h after symptom onset were prospectively registered and retrospectively assessed. Baseline multimodal imaging was conducted before EVT. Independent predictors of functional independence [90-day modified Rankin scale (mRS), 0–2] and any incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were explored using a stepwise logistic regression model in the entire cohort and in stroke subtypes.ResultsFrom 2015 to 2020, 140 eligible patients received EVT, of whom 59 (42%) were classified as large artery atherosclerosis (LAA)-related. Time from last known normal to groin puncture was identified as an independent predictor for functional independence in patients of cardioembolic (CE) subtype [odds ratio (OR) 0.90 per 10 min; 95% CI 0.82–0.98; P = 0.013] but not in the LAA subtype and the whole cohort. Groin puncture within 6 h after the time of last known normal was associated with a lower risk of any ICH in the whole cohort (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.17–0.75, P = 0.007). Sensitivity analysis of patients with complete imaging profiles also confirmed the above findings. Besides, compared with patients of the CE subtype, the LAA subtype had a smaller baseline ischemic core volume, a better collateral status, a slower core growth rate, and a numerically smaller final infarct volume.ConclusionFaster groin puncture has a more pronounced effect on the functional outcome in patients of CE subtype than those of LAA subtype. Reducing time to groin puncture is of great importance in improving the prognosis of patients after EVT, especially those of CE subtype, and reducing the incidence of any ICH in all patients.
Head-to-head comparison of commercial artificial intelligence solutions for detection of large vessel occlusion at a comprehensive stroke center
Authors: Schlossman Jacob , Ro Daniel , Salehi Shirin , Chow Daniel , Yu Wengui , Chang Peter D. , Soun Jennifer E. 
Published: October 2022

PurposeDespite the availability of commercial artificial intelligence (AI) tools for large vessel occlusion (LVO) detection, there is paucity of data comparing traditional machine learning and deep learning solutions in a real-world setting. The purpose of this study is to compare and validate the performance of two AI-based tools (RAPID LVO and CINA LVO) for LVO detection.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective, single center study performed at a comprehensive stroke center from December 2020 to June 2021. CT angiography (n = 263) for suspected stroke were evaluated for LVO. RAPID LVO is a traditional machine learning model which primarily relies on vessel density threshold assessment, while CINA LVO is an end-to-end deep learning tool implemented with multiple neural networks for detection and localization tasks. Reasons for errors were also recorded.ResultsThere were 29 positive and 224 negative LVO cases by ground truth assessment. RAPID LVO demonstrated an accuracy of 0.86, sensitivity of 0.90, specificity of 0.86, positive predictive value of 0.45, and negative predictive value of 0.98, while CINA demonstrated an accuracy of 0.96, sensitivity of 0.76, specificity of 0.98, positive predictive value of 0.85, and negative predictive value of 0.97.ConclusionBoth tools successfully detected most anterior circulation occlusions. RAPID LVO had higher sensitivity while CINA LVO had higher accuracy and specificity. Interestingly, both tools were able to detect some, but not all M2 MCA occlusions. This is the first study to compare traditional and deep learning LVO tools in the clinical setting.