bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of selected animal models for respiratory coronavirus infection and its application in drug research
Authors: Qin Shengle , Li Runfeng , Zheng Zhaoguang , Zeng Xuxin , Wang Yutao , Wang Xinhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNumerous viral pneumonia cases have been reported in Wuhan, Hubei in December 2019. The pathogen has been identified as a novel coronavirus, which was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The biological characteristics and pathogenesis mechanism of SARS‐CoV‐2 are unclear and under progress. At present, no specific preventive and therapeutic drugs are available. Animal models can reproduce the viral replication cycle and the significant functions of respiratory coronavirus infection and are urgently needed to evaluate the efficacy of drugs and vaccines, the transmission route of respiratory coronavirus, clinical features, and so on. We reviewed the current animal models of respiratory coronavirus (SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and made a comparative analysis of the route of inoculation, virus replication, clinical signs, histopathology, application, advantages, and disadvantages. Animal models of respiratory coronavirus include susceptible animal models, genetically modified models, and various animal models of infected virus adaptation strains, such as nonhuman primates, mice, hamsters, ferrets, New Zealand rabbits, cats, and other animal models, all of which have distinct advantages and limitations. This review will provide relevant information and important insights for disease management and control.
Vibrational Raman optical activity of diacetyl L‐tartaric acid and corresponding surfactants: Sodium salts and shorter analogs of surfactants simplify the interpretations
Authors: Polavarapu Prasad L. , Johnson Jordan L. , Raghavan Vijay , Zając Grzegorz , Baranska Malgorzata 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExperimental vibrational Raman and Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra for diacetyl L‐tartaric acid (DAT), two of its esters, namely, monomethyl and lauryl esters (T1OH and T12OH), and corresponding sodium salts (DATNa, T1ONa, and T12ONa), are measured. T12OH and T12ONa represent the first chiral surfactants investigated using ROA spectroscopy. The quantum chemical (QC) predictions using B3LYP functional and 6‐311++G(2d,2p) basis set are used to interpret the ROA spectra for DAT, DATNa, T1OH, and T1ONa. It is found that the use of implicit solvation, as represented in polarizable continuum model (PCM), for predicting the experimental ROA spectra in aqueous solutions is inadequate for DAT and T1OH. However, the same PCM predicts the experimental ROA spectra satisfactorily for the DATNa and T1ONa. This favorable observation for the latter is attributed to the absence of intra‐ and inter‐molecular hydrogen bonding interactions for sodium salts in aqueous solutions. The overwhelming number of conformations resulting from 12‐carbon alkyl chain, in T12OH and T12ONa, makes it impractical to undertake QC predictions for them. Nevertheless, it is found that the predictions made for shorter alkyl chain analogs, namely, T1OH and T1ONa, may be used to explain the experimental ROA spectra of T12OH and T12ONa. The current work highlights the importance of converting carboxylic acids to corresponding sodium salts and of QC predictions for shorter achiral alkyl chain analogs to interpret the ROA spectra of chiral surfactants that contain long achiral alkyl chains.
Astragali Radix–Codonopsis Radix–Jujubae Fructus water extracts ameliorate exercise‐induced fatigue in mice via modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites
Authors: He Pan , Chen Lei , Qin Xuemei , Du Guanhua , Li Zhenyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUDAstragali Radix (AR) and Codonopsis Radix (CR) are widely used as the tonic herbal medicine with efficacy of tonifying qi in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which showed significant antifatigue activities. In this study, AR and CR were combined, with Jujubae Fructus (JF) further added to improve the taste, to afford the ACJ extracts in the ratio of 2:1:2.RESULTSThe results showed that ACJ water extract exhibited antifatigue effect by the weight‐loaded exhaustive swimming test in mice. The untargeted fecal metabolomic approach and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that ACJ could improve exercise performance by regulating changes of gut metabolites and microbiota to alleviate fatigue. Four pathways were determined as the key pathways relating with its antifatigue effect, which included sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis and d‐arginine and d‐ornithine metabolism. Correlation analysis showed the complex association among bacteria, metabolites and phenotypes.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, this study revealed new perspectives to study the antifatigue mechanism of ACJ extracts from the gut microbiota, which provided the basis for further functional food development. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal intrusions: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: van Bentum Jaël S. , Sijbrandij Marit , Saueressig Fenna , Huibers Marcus J.H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChildhood maltreatment may play an important role in the transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal behavior. Recently, research has begun evaluating the association between childhood maltreatment and involuntary and distressing intrusions about one's own suicide, also called suicidal intrusions. This cross‐sectional, multicenter study aimed to investigate the association between childhood maltreatment and the severity of suicidal intrusions using online questionnaires. Participants were suicidal outpatients currently receiving treatment at a Dutch mental health institution (N = 149). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form and Suicidal Intrusions Attributes Scale were administered online. A simple linear regression was performed followed by a multiple linear regression with backward selection to separate the predictors of childhood maltreatment subscales. Next, significant predictor variables were used to perform an additional regression analysis with gender, age, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis, and depressive symptoms as potential covariates. The results showed that childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with suicidal intrusion scores, B = .22, t(147) = 2.010, p = .046. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the only specific form of childhood maltreatment associated with suicidal intrusions was sexual abuse; the association remained after controlling for age, gender, PTSD diagnosis and depressive symptoms, F(5, 143) = 11.15, p < .001. In summary, the present study confirms the link between childhood maltreatment, particularly childhood sexual abuse, and suicidal intrusions. This finding implies that in the treatment of suicidal intrusions and suicidality, childhood sexual abuse should be identified and targeted with evidence‐based treatments for PTSD.
Behavioral states in space and time: understanding landscape use by an invasive mammal
Authors: Gray Steven M. , Humphreys John M. , Montgomery Robert A. , Etter Dwayne R. , VerCauteren Kurt C. , Kramer Daniel B. , Roloff Gary J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnimal movement models can be used to understand species behavior and assist with implementation of management activities. We explored behavioral states of an invasive wild pig (Sus scrofa) population that recently colonized central Michigan, USA, 2014–2018. To quantify environmental factors related to wild pig movement ecology and spatio‐temporal landscape use, we predicted wild pig behavioral states relative to land cover type, landscape structure (i.e., edge and patch cohesion), and weather conditions. We used global positioning system (GPS)‐collars and monitored 8 wild pigs from 2014–2018. We fit local convex hulls and calculated movement metrics revealing 3 wild pig behavioral states (resting, exploratory, and relocating) and constructed a 3‐level model to predict behavioral state probabilities relative to biotic and abiotic conditions. Probabilities of exploratory and resting behaviors were higher nearer to riparian and open herbaceous cover types (oftentimes emergent marsh), indicating that these cover types provided security cover during activity and bedding. Hard mast cover types had a strong positive association with relocating behaviors. More cohesive patches of agriculture and shrub cover types were associated with higher probabilities of exploratory behaviors, while resting was more likely in continuous patches of agriculture (mostly mid‐summer corn). The probability of exploratory behaviors increased exponentially with warming ambient temperature. Our results may be used by managers to develop control strategies conducive to landscape and environmental conditions where the likelihood of encountering wild pigs is highest or targeting wild pigs when in a behavioral state most vulnerable to a particular removal technique.
Advanced Material‐Oriented Biomass Precise Reconstruction: A Review on Porous Carbon with Inherited Natural Structure and Created Artificial Structure by Post‐Treatment
Authors: Jiang Guancong , Liu Li , Xiong Jingjing , Luo Yiming , Cai Liangcheng , Qian Yu , Wang Hao , Mu Liwen , Feng Xin , Lu Xiaohua , Zhu Jiahua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractManufacturing of porous carbon with biomass resources is intensively investigated in recent decades. The diversity of biomass species and great variety of processing methods enable the structural richness of porous carbon as well as their wide applications. This review specifically focuses on the structure of biomass‐derived porous carbon either inherited from natural biomass or created by post‐treatment. The intrinsic structure of plant biomass is briefly introduced and the utilization of the unique structures at different length‐scales is discussed. In term of post‐treatment, the structural features of activated carbon by traditional physical and chemical activation are summarized and compared in a wide spectrum of biomass species, statistical analysis is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of different activation methods in creating specific pore structures. The similar pore structure of biomass‐derived carbon and coal‐derived carbon suggests a promising replacement with more sustainable biomass resources in producing porous carbon. In summary, using biomass as porous carbon precursor endows the flexibility of using its naturally patterned microstructure and the tunability of controlled pore‐creation by post‐treatment.
Bio Epoxy Coatings: An Emergent Green Anticorrosive Coating for the Future
Authors: Sreehari Harikumar , Sethulekshmi Anandhavally Sabarisadhanam , Saritha Appukuttan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCorrosion of metals is a serious threat to the world economy in this current era. Coating is one of the best solutions for avoiding this long‐standing problem and thus coating technology is gaining much importance nowadays. Epoxy is an excellent coating material for corrosion prevention in metals. Due to the increasing environmental issues and price of petroleum‐based products, researchers are forced to find a suitable alternative to existing epoxy based anticorrosive coatings. The petrochemical sources of epoxies can be replaced by bio oils like vegetable or animal oils thereby resulting in the production of bio epoxy resins. The bio epoxy monomers are biodegradable, cost effective, less toxic, and easily processable than synthetic monomers. The resulting bio epoxy coatings can be effectively employed to protect the metal surfaces from corrosion enabling the development of efficient anticorrosion coatings. This review deals with the fabrication of bio epoxy coatings and analysis of bio epoxy coatings, such as anticorrosion, chemical resistance, surface morphology, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and wettability. Moreover, this review focuses on the applications of bio epoxy coatings.
Effective mRNA Protection by Poly(l‐ornithine) Synergizes with Endosomal Escape Functionality of a Charge‐Conversion Polymer toward Maximizing mRNA Introduction Efficiency
Authors: Dirisala Anjaneyulu , Uchida Satoshi , Li Junjie , Van Guyse Joachim F. R. , Hayashi Kotaro , Vummaleti Sai V. C. , Kaur Sarandeep , Mochida Yuki , Fukushima Shigeto , Kataoka Kazunori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor efficient delivery of messenger (m)RNA, delivery carriers need two major functions: protecting mRNA from nucleases and translocating mRNA from endolysosomes to the cytoplasm. Herein, these two complementary functionalities are integrated into a single polyplex by fine‐tuning the catiomer chemical structure and incorporating the endosomal escape modality. The effect of the methylene spacer length on the catiomer side chain is evaluated by comparing poly(l‐lysine) (PLL) with a tetramethylene spacer and poly(L‐ornithine) (PLO) with a trimethylene spacer. Noteworthily, the nuclease stability of the mRNA/catiomer polyplexes is largely affected by the difference in one methylene group, with PLO/mRNA polyplex showing enhanced stability compared to PLL/mRNA polyplex. To introduce the endosomal escape function, the PLO/mRNA polyplex is wrapped with a charge‐conversion polymer (CCP), which is negatively charged at extracellular pH but turns positive at endosomal acidic pH to disrupt the endosomal membrane. Compared to the parent PLO/mRNA polyplex, CCP facilitated the endosomal escape of the polyplex in cultured cells to improve the protein expression efficiency from mRNA by approximately 80‐fold. Collectively, this system synergizes the protective effect of PLO against nucleases and the endosomal escape capability of CCP in mRNA delivery.
Dopaminergic Correlates of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Parkinsonian Disorders
Authors: Nakano Yoshikazu , Hirano Shigeki , Kojima Kazuho , Li Honglinag , Sakurai Toru , Suzuki Masahide , Tai Hong , Furukawa Shogo , Sugiyama Atsuhiko , Yamanaka Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Iimori Takashi , Yokota Hajime , Mukai Hiroki , Horikoshi Takuro , Uno Takashi , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCerebral blood flow (CBF) and dopamine transporter (DAT) images are clinically used for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the correlation of CBF with striatal DAT in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) and evaluate the diagnostic power of DAT‐correlated CBF in PD through machine learning with each imaging modality alone or in combination.MethodsFifty‐eight patients with PD and 71 with APS (24 with multiple system atrophy, 21 with progressive supranuclear palsy, and 26 with corticobasal syndrome) underwent 123I‐IMP and 123I‐FP‐CIT single‐photon emission computed tomography. Multiple regression analyses for CBF and striatal DAT binding were conducted on each group. PD probability was predicted by machine learning and receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsThe PD group showed more affected striatal DAT binding positively correlated with the ipsilateral prefrontal perfusion and negatively with the bilateral cerebellar perfusion. In corticobasal syndrome, striatal DAT binding positively correlated with the ipsilateral prefrontal perfusion and negatively with the contralateral precentral perfusion. In Richardson's syndrome, striatal DAT binding positively correlated with perfusion in the ipsilateral precentral cortex and basal ganglia. Machine learning showed that the combination of CBF and DAT was better for delineating PD from APS (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.87) than either CBF (0.67) or DAT (0.50) alone.ConclusionsIn PD and four‐repeat tauopathy, prefrontal perfusion was related to ipsilateral nigrostriatal dopaminergic function. This dual‐tracer frontostriatal relationship may be effectively used as a diagnostic tool for delineating PD from APS. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Potential of Probiotics as an Adjunct for Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Cang Weihe , Wu Junrui , Ding Ruixue , Wang Weiming , Li Na , Shi Haisu , Shi Lin , Lee Yuankun , Wu Rina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is an enfeebling disease with a lifetime incidence of 20%. While accumulating studies implicate a correlation between the disease and gut microbiota, data show that not every patient responded to probiotic treatments. To comprehensively assess the potential role of probiotics in MDD, this study first summarizes the current pathological hypothesis of the disease from a life‐stage perspective, focuses on the potential role of “depression gut microbiota.” Currently available managements are then briefly summarized and novel bio‐materials having potential therapeutic effects on MDD are also evaluated. To harness the positive effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, clinical evidence and their applications on MDD patients are listed. Factors that may counteract the pre/probiotic applications, such as diet, physiology, gender difference, and use of antibiotics and antidepressants are also discussed. The endocannabinoid (eCBs) system may be promising targets for probiotic therapy. More evidence is needed to demonstrate the hierarchical factors in the complex network driving the disease, and probiotic can be one promising adjunct for patients with MDD.
Development of a novel task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging phantom based on a bubble‐compression approach
Authors: Yamashiro Akihiro , Saito Takaaki , Miyati Tosiaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposePhantoms used in previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have drawbacks, such as a complicated circuit and equipment use, a single signal‐change rate, and T2* values that do not correspond to those of living human brains. We aimed to develop a phantom for use in task‐based fMRI studies (gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging; GRE‐EPI) with bioequivalent T1 and T2* values, using an innovative method to control the rate of signal change.MethodsA gel phantom with T1 and T2* values equivalent to that of the living brain gray matter was fixed in a 150 mm diameter container, with five holes, each of which could hold a 30‐ml syringe. The gel phantom contained microscopic air bubbles; this made it possible to control the percent signal change by injector‐induced water pressure changes. Using this phantom, we investigated the percent signal change, derived an equation that can approximately reproduce an arbitrary percent signal change, compared different gel phantom samples, investigated the change in relaxation time and bubble size during signal change, and assessed the change in values in each sample over time.ResultsThe relaxation time of the gel phantom was similar to the literature values for gray matter. The percent signal change achieved was approximately 0%–13.51% and was dependent on the water pressure change. The derived equation was y = 0.000008x3 − 0.000771x2 + 0.034222x − 0.026054, with y being the percent signal change and x being the pressure in kPa; the reproducibility was high. No significant difference was detected among samples of gray matter gel phantoms (P > 0.05). The change in the rate of signal change with the change in water pressure was due to the change in T2* value with the change in bubble size. With pressure increasing from 0 to 151.7 kPa, the T2* value increased from 52 ms to 85 ms. The newly developed gel phantom was stable for 60 days, but its bubble size changed after 21 days.ConclusionWe developed a novel phantom for use in fMRI, which could reproduce minute signal changes similar to the blood–oxygen‐level‐dependent effect and with bioequivalent T1 and T2* values, and used an innovative method to control the percent signal change by compressing the air contained in the phantom for validation of fMRI using GRE‐EPI. This phantom reproduced the percent signal change due to changes in T2* values, which is very similar to scanning a human body. This phantom is expected to be a powerful tool for advancing the study of task‐based fMRI.
Using natural capital and ecosystem services to facilitate participatory environmental decision making: Results from a systematic map
Authors: Hinson Caitlin , O’Keeffe Jimmy , Mijic Ana , Bryden John , Van Grootveld Jessica , Collins Alexandra M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The rights all people have for involvement in environmental decision making has long been established yet collaborative resource management has had mixed success. Natural capital; the renewable and non‐renewable natural assets that benefit societies, and the flow of ecosystem services these assets provide, are increasingly promoted as approaches that ensure consideration of the environment in decision making.

Natural capital and ecosystem services concepts can facilitate participation in decision making by explicitly describing the role of the environment in sustaining society. Increased promotion of these approaches requires consideration on how best to involve stakeholders, those involved and affected by a decision, in the process.

We conducted a systematic search to identify where stakeholders have participated in natural capital, ecosystem services and nature’s contributions to people decision making, creating a systematic map of 56 case studies. While many papers discussing stakeholders and these concepts were found, few actively engaged stakeholders in a decision‐making process that used the concepts and therefore were included in the map. Where stakeholders were involved, engagement methods included focus group discussion, stakeholder negotiation and scenario development, as well as ecosystem service ranking and mapping.

Ranking for prioritisation of ecosystem services was common, with a bias towards using services with a direct tangible economic benefit; food production and tourism, are both prominent examples. A limited number of case studies performed robust participatory methods evaluations, offering little indication of how best to use natural capital or ecosystem services in participatory approaches.

Therefore, the work highlights need for greater evaluation of participatory processes involving natural capital to ensure stakeholder engagement is efficient, productive and useful to all involved.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Morphology and crystallization kinetics of G‐resins and isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Sukhonthamethirat Natchamon , Vao‐soongnern Visit , Okamoto Shigeru , Sakurai Shinichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIsothermal crystallization and morphology of G‐resin (GPP) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) samples were investigated and compared using synchrotron small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering/diffraction (SAXS/WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two GPP resins (MT12‐s and MT18‐s) are iPP containing a small amount of 1‐butene. All polymers have similar MW and PDI, denoted by V30G, MT12‐s, and MT18‐s with 1‐butene = 0.00, 6.43, and 5.20 wt%, respectively. DSC isothermal crystallization at 130°C showed that the crystallinity of G resins were lower, but the crystallization rate of G resins was faster in the order as MT18‐s ≥ MT12‐s > V30G. Simultaneous synchrotron SAXS/WAXD was employed to determine polymer morphology crystallized from the melt. The electron density correlation function was calculated to estimate the lamellar thickness. The long periods (D) are around 19.0, 25.8, and 25.8 nm for V30G, MT12‐s, and MT18‐s, respectively. The GPP samples have a larger amorphous portion and a higher crystalline thickness (L) but a lower L/D ratio than IPP. The degree of crystallinity by WAXD is also smaller for GPP, that is, MT18‐s (31%) ≈ MT12‐s (31%) < V30G (>50%). In addition to the monoclinic α forms for all the PP samples, the orthorhombic γ forms were found only for MT12‐s and MT18‐s. The crystallization of G‐resins should be nucleated from the transparent filler and are not fully an intrinsic property of the copolymer chains.