bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flemish soils contain rhizobia partners for Northwestern Europe‐adapted soybean cultivars
Authors: Van Dingenen Judith , Garcia Mendez Sonia , Beirinckx Stien , Vlaminck Lena , De Keyser Annick , Stuer Naomi , Verschaete Severine , Clarysse Alexander , Pannecoucque Joke , Rombauts Stephane , Roldan‐Ruiz Isabel , Willems Anne , Goormachtig Sofie 
Published: February 2022

SummaryIn Europe, soybean (Glycine max) used for food and feed has to be imported, causing negative socioeconomic and environmental impacts. To increase the local production, breeding generated varieties that grow in colder climates, but the yield using the commercial inoculants is not satisfactory in Belgium because of variable nodulation efficiencies. To look for indigenous nodulating strains possibly adapted to the local environment, we initiated a nodulation trap by growing early‐maturing cultivars under natural and greenhouse conditions in 107 garden soils in Flanders. Nodules occurred in 18 and 21 soils in the garden and greenhouse experiments respectively. By combining 16S rRNA PCR on single isolates with HiSeq 16S metabarcoding on nodules, we found a large bacterial richness and diversity from different soils. Furthermore, using Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing of DNA from one nodule, we retrieved the entire genome of a Bradyrhizobium species, not previously isolated, but profusely present in that nodule. These data highlight the need of combining diverse identification techniques to capture the true nodule rhizobial community. Eight selected rhizobial isolates were subdivided by whole‐genome analysis in three genera containing six genetically distinct species that, except for two, aligned with known type strains and were all able to nodulate soybean in the laboratory.
The Influence of Management's Internal Audit Experience on Earnings Management*
Authors: Ege Matthew , Seidel Timothy A. , Sterin Mikhail , Wood David A. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe examine whether firms with managers that have prior internal audit experience are less likely to manage earnings. This examination is important because the internal audit function (IAF) is uniquely positioned to provide experiences that could influence future managerial behavior, including limiting the potential negative repercussions of earnings management. We find that firms with managers that have internal audit experience are associated with lower real earnings management (REM) but not accruals‐based earnings management. Effects are strongest when managers with internal audit experience have greater power or currently hold financial roles, or when there are a greater number of managers with internal audit experience. The results are robust to including firm fixed effects, using entropy‐balancing and performance‐matching approaches, using a subsample of firm‐years required to have an IAF, using a subsample of firms for which we can measure IAF quality, and measuring internal audit experience at a previous employer. These results point to an important benefit of manager internal audit experience, as research suggests that REM is common, difficult to detect, not always within the scope of financial reporting regulators, and detrimental to future performance.
Morphological pattern of the pes tendons in Bennett's Wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus)
Authors: Yunus Hasen Awel , Ekim Okan , Bakıcı Caner , Bakıcı Merve , Batur Barış 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWallabies are small‐ to medium‐sized hopping marsupials and have large and flexible tendons in their hind limbs that act like springs. This study aimed to show the morphological pattern of the pes tendons in Bennett's wallaby. Two Bennett's Wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) that died of natural causes have been used for this study. The pes was dissected using standard dissection techniques to expose the tendons around metatarsals and digits. The crural musculature of the hind limb was also dissected to identify the origin of the tendons. Tendons of m. extensor digitorum longus, m. extensor digitorum lateralis, m. extensor digiti II et III longus, m. flexor digitorum superficialis, m. flexor digitorum profundus and mm. interossei were the main identified tendons. Tendons of m. extensor digitorum longus attached to the distal phalanx of the fourth digit. The tendon of m. extensor digitorum lateralis had two insertion points, on the fourth and the fifth digits. The tendon of m. flexor digitorum superficialis bifurcates at the level proximal one‐third of the metatarsus. The relatively thinner branch inserted into the phalanx of the fifth digit, while the thicker splits and inserted to the medial and lateral surface of the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the fourth digit. Tendon of m. flexor digitorum profundus was the thickest tendon on the plantar surface, and it had four insertion points, which were the distal phalanges of the second, third, fourth and fifth digits. This study provides detailed information for future studies on the biomechanical and functional morphology of tendons in marsupials.
The BioLogic‐DT™ and the saga of Liver Dialysis™
Authors: Ash Stephen R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOur small R&D company created a novel extracorporeal system for the treatment of hepatic coma and drug overdose, in which membrane motion in a screen‐plate dialyzer served as a blood pump and also mixed dialysate containing powdered carbon. Early clinical trials of the Biologic‐DT™ were successful in the treatment of patients with hepatic coma (especially from A‐on‐C liver failure) and FDA gave marketing approval. The BioLogic‐DT™ was licensed to a venture capital‐backed startup. It was marketed too widely and used in some patients without a chance for recovery or transplant. The licensing company failed, and the BioLogic‐DT was not remarketed. The MARS™ device included albumin as a sorbent in dialysate, and clinical trials of this device also showed a benefit in the treatment of hepatic coma.
Biographical histories of gendered parental substance use: Messages from mothers to professionals as to what interventions help or hinder journeys of recovery
Authors: Thompson Kellie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on data that is part of a wider evaluation of a small‐scale project that offers support to parents, children and families affected by alcohol and substance use. Using semi‐structured interviews and a focus group, the data in this paper explore mother's sense making of their substance use and their experiences of various professional interventions which have helped or hindered their personal journeys of recovery. Mothers' narratives suggested a self‐critical inner dialogue conceptualized as shame. Fear of stigma and a sense of shame derived from historical abuse and had a profound effect on how mothers perceived themselves and how they negotiated a web of professionals involved in their lives. Community projects with a focus on understanding mothers and their needs, and not the risk they posed to their children, were considered most supportive. Interventions working within a non‐judgemental and empathetic framework that fostered the importance of relationships and connection had a greater impact on mothers' long‐term recovery goals.
Interactive effects of multiscale diversification practices on farmland bird stress
Authors: Olimpi Elissa M. , Daly Hallie , Garcia Karina , Glynn Victoria M. , Gonthier David J. , Kremen Claire , M'Gonigle Leithen K. , Karp Daniel S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFarmland diversification practices (i.e., methods used to produce food sustainably by enhancing biodiversity in cropping systems) are sometimes considered beneficial to both agriculture and biodiversity, but most studies of these practices rely on species richness, diversity, or abundance as a proxy for habitat quality. Biodiversity assessments may miss early clues that populations are imperiled when species presence does not imply persistence. Physiological stress indicators may help identify low‐quality habitats before population declines occur. We explored how avian stress indicators respond to on‐farm management practices and surrounding seminatural area (1‐km radius) across 21 California strawberry farms. We examined whether commonly used biodiversity metrics correlate with stress responses in wild birds. We used ∼1000 blood and feather samples and body mass and wing chord measurements, mostly from passerines, to test the effects of diversification practices on four physiological stress indicators: heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (H:L), body condition, hematocrit values, and feather growth rates of individual birds. We then tested the relationship between physiological stress indicators and species richness, abundance, occurrence, and diversity derived from 285 bird point count surveys. After accounting for other biological drivers, landscape context mediated the effect of local farm management on H:L and body condition. Local diversification practices were associated with reduced individual stress in intensive agricultural landscapes but increased it in landscapes surrounded by relatively more seminatural area. Feathers grew more slowly in landscapes dominated by strawberry production, suggesting that nutritional condition was lower here than in landscapes with more crop types and seminatural areas. We found scant evidence that species richness, abundance, occurrence, or diversity metrics were correlated with the individual's physiological stress, suggesting that reliance on these metrics may obscure the impacts of management on species persistence. Our findings underscore the importance of considering landscape context when designing local management strategies to promote wildlife conservation.
Prognostic impact of pleural effusion in patients with malignancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Yuan , Du Juan , Wang Yi‐Shan , Kang Han‐YuJie , Zhai Kan , Shi Huan‐Zhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe exact role of pleural effusion in the prognosis of cancer patients remains unclear. We aimed to systematically review the prognostic value of pleural effusion in patients with cancer. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis with a systematic literature search. All cohort studies with available overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) results for patients with cancer with or without pleural effusion were included. The Mantel–Haenszel method was used to calculate the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity and publication bias were examined. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed. A total of 47 studies with 146,117 patients were included in the analysis. For OS, pleural effusion was a prognostic factor associated with a poor prognosis for patients with cancer (HR, 1.58, 95% CI, 1.43–1.75; I2 94.8%). In the subgroup analysis, pleural effusion was a prognostic factor associated with poor survival for patients with lung cancer (HR, 1.44, 95% CI, 1.35–1.54; I2 60.8%), hematological cancer (HR, 2.79, 95% CI, 1.63–4.77; I2 29.4%) and other types of cancer (HR, 2.08, 95% CI, 1.43–3.01; I2 55.1%). For PFS, pleural effusion was a prognostic factor associated with a poor prognosis for patients with cancer (HR, 1.61, 95% CI, 1.28–2.03; I2 42.9%). We also observed that massive pleural effusion was a prognostic factor associated with a poorer prognosis compared to minimal pleural effusion. Pleural effusion had prognostic value in both OS and PFS of patients with cancer, except for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, regardless of whether the malignant effusion was confirmed histologically or cytologically. However, future evidence of other pleural effusion characteristics is still needed.
The value of investment in nonexclusive contracts
Authors: Roig Guillem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider the strategic incentives to invest in an environment where suppliers compete with nonexclusive contracts. When trade is nonexclusive, that is, the buyer relates with many suppliers simultaneously, the buyer's investment affects her outside option when excluding a supplier. The buyer's investment allows for cheaper substitution of the trade loss arising from the excluded supplier. In equilibrium, even though each supplier fully appropriates the investment return it receives in isolation, the buyer wants to invest to gain leverage over competing suppliers. Our model uncovers an essential role of nonexclusive contracts because they promote the buyer to invest.
Diversity and extinction risk are inversely related at a global scale
Authors: Weeks Brian C. , Naeem Shahid , Lasky Jesse R. , Tobias Joseph A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIncreases in biodiversity often lead to greater, and less variable, levels of ecosystem functioning. However, whether species are less likely to go extinct in more diverse ecosystems is unclear. We use comprehensive estimates of avian taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity to characterise the global relationship between multiple dimensions of diversity and extinction risk in birds, focusing on contemporary threat status and latent extinction risk. We find that more diverse assemblages have lower mean IUCN threat status despite being composed of species with attributes that make them more vulnerable to extinction, such as large body size or small range size. Indeed, the reduction in current threat status associated with greater diversity far outweighs the increased risk associated with the accumulation of extinction‐prone species in more diverse assemblages. Our results suggest that high diversity reduces extinction risk, and that species conservation targets may therefore best be achieved by maintaining high levels of overall biodiversity in natural ecosystems.
Plant pathogenic bacterium can rapidly evolve tolerance to an antimicrobial plant allelochemical
Authors: Alderley Carrie Louise , Greenrod Samuel Terrence Edwards , Friman Ville‐Petri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCrop losses to plant pathogens are a growing threat to global food security and more effective control strategies are urgently required. Biofumigation, an agricultural technique where Brassica plant tissues are mulched into soils to release antimicrobial plant allelochemicals called isothiocyanates (ITCs), has been proposed as an environmentally friendly alternative to agrochemicals. Whilst biofumigation has been shown to suppress a range of plant pathogens, its effects on plant pathogenic bacteria remain largely unexplored. Here, we used a laboratory model system to compare the efficacy of different types of ITCs against Ralstonia solanacearum plant bacterial pathogen. Additionally, we evaluated the potential for ITC‐tolerance evolution under high, intermediate, and low transfer frequency ITC exposure treatments. We found that allyl‐ITC was the most efficient compound at suppressing R. solanacearum growth, and its efficacy was not improved when combined with other types of ITCs. Despite consistent pathogen growth suppression, ITC tolerance evolution was observed in the low transfer frequency exposure treatment, leading to cross‐tolerance to ampicillin beta‐lactam antibiotic. Mechanistically, tolerance was linked to insertion sequence movement at four positions in genes that were potentially associated with stress responses (H‐NS histone like protein), cell growth and competitiveness (acyltransferase), iron storage ([2‐Fe‐2S]‐binding protein) and calcium ion sequestration (calcium‐binding protein). Interestingly, pathogen adaptation to the growth media also indirectly selected for increased ITC tolerance through potential adaptations linked with metabolism and antibiotic resistance (dehydrogenase‐like protein) and transmembrane protein movement (Tat pathway signal protein). Together, our results suggest that R. solanacearum can rapidly evolve tolerance to allyl‐ITC plant allelochemical which could constrain the long‐term efficiency of biofumigation biocontrol and potentially shape pathogen evolution with plants.
A link between DNA double‐strand breaks and regulation of global translation
Authors: Kathjoo Muntaish Bashir , Srivastava Mrinal 
Published: February 2022

In response to double‐strand breaks (DSBs) in the DNA, cells undergo transcriptional, translational and post‐translational reprogramming to tackle the damage. In this study by Riepe et al., the authors have shown that the global translation inhibition of proteins is concomitant to DNA damage response. Treatment with various DSB‐generating agents can cause a major downregulation in the translation of cellular proteins except for the ISR (integrated stress response) proteins. Authors report a specific and significant reduction in the level of a core ribosomal RPS27A protein coupled to kinetics of DSB induction and repair. The study proposes that molecular alterations generated as a by‐product of DNA damage may inadvertently impact phenotypic responses of the cells and a cautious approach must be followed when utilizing DSB‐based genome editing techniques.Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16321
Correlation between microstructure and cyclic behavior of 316L stainless steel obtained by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Liang Xiaoyu , Hor Anis , Robert Camille , Salem Mehdi , Morel Franck 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, stainless steel 316L obtained by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L‐PBF) has been produced and characterized. The experimental campaign focuses on the samples in the as‐built state under cyclic tension‐compression loadings. Low cycle fatigue (LCF) and high cycle fatigue (HCF) tests are carried out. Microstructure observations are performed before and after the loadings. As‐built L‐PBF 316L has a good LCF performance despite the presence of surface defects but a low fatigue limit in the HCF regime. Removing the surface roughness has a beneficial effect but does not improve the fatigue strength to that of machined wrought 316L. Observations on the microstructure of fatigue samples indicate that LCF is dominated by the local plastic deformation, which is mostly achieved by the slip in the studied material and is not sensitive to the defect. The lack‐of‐fusion defect impairs the fatigue resistance in the HCF regime.
Morphological defences and defence–cost trade‐offs in Daphnia in response to two co‐occurring invertebrate predators
Authors: Octorina Pelita , Böhm Alexander , Martin‐Creuzburg Dominik , Straile Dietmar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Inducible morphological defences are crucial for understanding predator–prey interactions. Such defences have been mostly studied in a single‐predator context, ignoring the fact that prey organisms are often exposed to multiple predators. In deep peri‐Alpine European lakes, the keystone grazer Daphnia coexists with two cladoceran predators, Bythotrephes longimanus and Leptodora kindtii. Up to now, life history and morphological responses of Daphnia to these two predators have not been analysed systematically.

We studied the responses of two life history (age at first reproduction, and offspring production) and five morphological traits (body size, body width, head size, spina size, and eye diameter) of eight Daphnia galeata clones to the presence of Bythotrephes and Leptodora in a common garden experiment. We compared each response trait between treatments using linear mixed models, and investigated the covariation between defence traits and demographic costs (neonate production) for the two predators.

Our results show that the responses of Daphnia are predator‐ and trait‐specific. Daphnia developed a typical helmet and a larger eye only in the presence of Bythotrephes, not in the presence of Leptodora. In contrast, both predators induced larger body sizes and longer spines. Age at first reproduction was latest and demographic costs were highest in the Bythotrephes treatment, suggesting that the development of a helmet exceeds the costs of spina elongation. The responses of Daphnia clones revealed a defence‐cost trade‐off for helmet formation in the Bythotrephes, and for spina elongation in the Leptodora treatment. Hence, despite Bythotrephes and Leptodora being closely related co‐occurring predators, Daphnia responds with a unique combination of trait changes and defence‐cost trade‐offs to the two predators.

The presence of predator‐specific clonal defence‐cost trade‐offs suggests that the presence of these invertebrate predators can drive different evolutionary processes in natural zooplankton communities. Disentangling the evolutionary ecology of phenotypic responses of prey species to co‐occurring predators will require multi‐trait, multi‐clone studies of induced antipredator defences.
Effects of tool coating materials and coating thickness on cutting temperature distribution with coated tools
Authors: Zhang Jingjie , Zhang Guoqing , Fan Guanghui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoated tools are currently widely used tool technology in machining. The influence of tool coating on heat transfer has become an active field of research enjoying constantly increasing attention in the field of machining. This paper is devoted to the cutting temperature in machining H13 hardened steel with monolayer coated tools (TiN, TiAlN, and Al2O3) and multilayer coated tools (TiN/TiC/TiN and TiAlN/TiN). Equivalent composite thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of multilayer coated tools were calculated using the equivalent approach. The established heat transfer analytical models estimated coating temperature in turning. The effect of tool coating in steady and transient heat transfer was studied, as well as the cutting temperature distribution. It reveals that the tool coating material and coating thickness can influence the cutting temperature distribution of coated tool. Thermal conductivity of coating material affects the steady cutting temperature distribution, and thermal diffusivity of coating material affects the transient cutting temperature distribution of coating tools.
Cost of home hospitalization versus inpatient hospitalization inclusive of a 30‐day post‐acute period
Authors: Saenger Pamela M. , Ornstein Katherine A. , Garrido Melissa M. , Lubetsky Sara , Bollens‐Lund Evan , DeCherrie Linda V. , Leff Bruce , Siu Albert L. , Federman Alex D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that hospital at home (HaH) care is associated with lower costs than traditional hospital care. Most prior studies were small, not U.S.‐focused, or did not include post‐acute costs in their analyses. Our objective was to determine if combined acute and 30‐day post‐acute costs of care were lower for HaH patients compared to inpatient comparisons in a Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Center demonstration of HaH.MethodsA single‐center New York City retrospective observational cohort study of patients admitted to either HaH or inpatient care from September 1, 2014 through August 31, 2017. Eligible patients were 18 years or older, required inpatient admission, lived in Manhattan, and met home safety requirements. Comparison individuals met the same criteria and were included if they refused HaH care or were admitted when HaH was not available. HaH care was substitutive hospital‐level care and 30‐days of post‐acute transitional care. Main outcomes were costs of care of the acute and post‐acute 30‐day episodes. We matched subjects on age, sex, and insurance and conducted regression analyses using an unadjusted model and one adjusted for several patient characteristics.ResultsOf 523 Medicare admission episodes, data were available for 201 episodes in the HaH arm and 101 episodes of usual care. HaH patients were older (81.6 [SD = 12.3] years vs. 74.6 [SD = 14.0], p < 0.0001) and more likely to have activities of daily living (ADL) impairments (75.4% vs. 46.5%, p < 0.0001). Unadjusted mean costs were $5054 lower for HaH episodes compared to inpatient episodes. Regression analysis with matching showed HaH costs were $5116 (95% CI −$10,262 to $30, p = 0.05) lower, and when adjusted for age, sex, insurance, diagnosis, and ADL impairments, $5977 (95% CI −$10,758 to −$1196, p = 0.01) lower.ConclusionsHaH combined with 30‐day post‐acute transition care was less costly than inpatient care.