bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failed Strategies, Broken Promises: PSDB and PT Development Strategies Reexamined
Authors: Abu-El-Haj Jawdat 
Published: January 2022

Prado Júnior, Cardoso, and Fernandes set two general guidelines that influenced the development strategy adopted by Brazil’s Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (Social Democracy Party—PSDB) and Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party—PT) between 1994 and 2016. The first aimed to strengthen the internal market, the second to maintain national capital control of key sectors. This consensus did not extend to policy. The PSDB’s adopted macroeconomic adjustments, while the PT’s stressed poverty alleviation and mass consumption. The differences extended to the choice of a profile of favored businesses. The PSDB supported globalized entrepreneurs, while the PT preferred businessmen with working-class backgrounds or with historical ties to national developmentalism. This political choice backfired. Provided with public funds, those businessmen embarked on international acquisitions to the detriment of internal development, and in 2018 the economic crisis paved the way for the political ascent of the far right. Prado Júnior, Cardoso e Fernandes estabeleceram duas premissas gerais que influenciaram a estratégia de desenvolvimento adotada pelo Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (PSDB) e pelo Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), entre o período de 1994 a 2016. A primeira visava fortalecer o mercado interno, enquanto a segunda, a manutenção do controle nacional de setores chaves. O consenso, entretanto, se limitou à teoria. O PSDB escolheu ajustes macroeconômicos, enquanto o PT embarcou na redução da pobreza e no consumo de massa. As diferenças se manifestavam no tipo de empresário apoiado para controlar setores estratégicos. A tipologia do PSDB era de um empresário globalizado e competitivo, enquanto o do PT era oriundo das classes populares ou com vínculos históricos no desenvolvimentismo nacional. Essas escolhas políticas mostraram-se equivocadas. Capitalizados por fundos públicos, esses empresários enveredaram-se por aquisições internacionais, em detrimento do desenvolvimento interno, abrindo o caminho, em 2018, para a ascensão política da extrema direita.
Activity of anticoagulant proteins on the polymer-coated and heparin-coated membranes in an extracorporeal circulation circuit
Authors: Tagaya Masashi , Murataka Takuo , Okano Shinya , Handa Hiroki , Tanaka Yuri , Takahashi Shunsuke 
Published: January 2022

Introduction We performed in vitro experiments using whole human blood without anticoagulants to clarify the activity of anticoagulant proteins on membranes coated with acrylate-copolymer (ACP) with a hydrophilic blood-contacting layer compared to those coated by immobilizing heparin (IHP) in extracorporeal circulation. Methods Whole human blood from healthy volunteers was recirculated in two types of experimental circuits with an ACP-coated reservoir and tubes and an ACP-coated or IHP-coated membrane. To compare the fluctuation of anticoagulant proteins, the circuit pressure at the inlet and outlet of the membrane was measured every 5 min; antithrombin antigen (ATQ), antithrombin activity, protein-C quantitation (PCQ), protein-C activity, protein-S free antigen (PSQ), and protein-S activity were measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min in each experiment ( n = 5). Results The time taken to achieve high circuit pressure (> 300 mmHg) at the inlet of the membrane was significantly shorter in the ACP-coated membrane circuit (28 ± 2.7 min) than in the IHP-coated membrane circuit (54 ± 24 min); however, the ATQ, PCQ, and PSQ at 180 min of recirculation were significantly higher in the former than in the latter (all p < .05). Conclusions ACP-coated membranes can prevent the consumption of anticoagulant proteins but cannot delay circuit thrombogenicity compared to IHP-coated membranes. Considering patient care during the post-extracorporeal circulation period, the use of ACP coating, which can preserve anticoagulant protein, is better in extracorporeal circulation circuits.
How are family caregivers of people with a serious illness supported by healthcare professionals in their caregiving tasks? A cross-sectional survey of bereaved family caregivers
Authors: Matthys Orphé , Dierickx Sigrid , Deliens Luc , Lapeire Lore , Hudson Peter , Van Audenhove Chantal , De Vleminck Aline , Cohen Joachim 
Published: January 2022

Background: Due to medical advances and an increasingly ageing population, the number of people living with a serious illness is rising. This has major implications for the burden on family members of assisting with care. Support of family caregivers by healthcare professionals is needed to ensure they can provide quality care for people with serious illness. Aim: To investigate how family caregivers of people with serious illness are supported by healthcare professionals in their caregiving tasks. Design/Participants: Population-based cross-sectional survey of bereaved family caregivers of people with serious illness ( N = 3000) who cared for a person who had died 2–6 months before the sample was drawn (November 2019), as identified through three sickness funds in Flanders, Belgium. The survey explored support from healthcare professionals for family caregivers 3 months prior to bereavement. Results: Response rate was 55.0%. Most family caregivers received support from one or more healthcare professionals for family caregiving tasks, ranging from 71% for promoting social interaction to 95% for managing symptoms. The type of support mostly involved providing information. Use of palliative care services was the strongest predictor of such support across physical, psychosocial and practical tasks. Conclusion: Most family caregivers of those with serious illness get some form of support from healthcare professionals for their tasks. However, an empowering support strategy for example one aimed at increasing self-efficacy of the family caregiver is rare and end-of-life communication between healthcare professionals and family caregivers needs improvement.
Psilocybin use is associated with lowered odds of crime arrests in US adults: A replication and extension
Authors: Jones Grant M , Nock Matthew K 
Published: January 2022

Background: The United States boasts the largest prison population in the world, conferring significant direct and indirect costs (e.g. lost wages for the incarcerated, increased morbidity/mortality, etc.) to society. Recidivism rates are high for the imprisoned and most interventions to reduce criminality are minimally effective. Thus, in addition to the need for criminal justice reform, there is a need to better understand factors linked to lowered criminal behavior. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between the use of classic psychedelic substances (psilocybin, LSD, peyote, and mescaline) and past year arrests for various crimes (i.e. property, violence, alcohol and substance use, miscellaneous crimes). Methods: This study used nationally representative data from The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (2015–2019) ( N = 211,549) to test the aforementioned associations. Results: Lifetime psilocybin use was associated with lowered odds of seven of 11 past year arrest variables (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) range = 0.30–0.73). Peyote was associated with reduced odds of motor vehicle theft (aOR = 0.30) and driving under the influence (aOR = 0.52), and mescaline was associated with reduced odds of drug possession/sale (aOR = 0.51). Virtually all other substances either shared no relationship to our outcomes or conferred higher odds of arrest. Conclusion: This study suggests that use of classic psychedelic substances is associated with lowered odds of crime arrests. Future research should explore whether causal factors and/or third variable factors (e.g. personality, political orientation) underlie the relationship between classic psychedelic use and reduced criminal behavior.
Bisphenol A reveals its obesogenic effects through disrupting glucose tolerance, oxidant–antioxidant balance, and modulating inflammatory cytokines and fibroblast growth factor in zebrafish
Authors: Beler Merih , Cansız Derya , Ünal İsmail , Üstündağ Ünsal V , Dandin Esra , Ak Esin , Alturfan A Ata , Emekli-Alturfan Ebru 
Published: January 2022

Obesogens affect lipid metabolism, and genetic or epigenetic factors may also contribute to the progression of obesity. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are the most striking among obesogens. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic EDC used in food containers, adhesives, dye powders, and dental fillers. We aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms of BPA’s obesogenic effects focusing on obesogenic pathways in the liver including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Dnmt3a which is its epigenetic regulator, oxidant-antioxidant status, and inflammatory cytokines. Zebrafish were divided into three groups as control, low-dose BPA (1 μm BPA), and high-dose BPA groups (10 μm BPA). At the end of 30 days, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, fasting blood glucose levels were measured, and hepatopancreas tissues were taken. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and nitric oxide (NO) activities were examined in the hepatopancreas. Inflammatory cytokines, lepa, fgf21, and dnmt3a expressions were determined by RT-PCR. BPA exposure increased the body weights, il1ß, tnfα, il6, lepa, fgf21, and dnmt3a expressions, impaired glucose tolerance, and oxidant–antioxidant status in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatocyte degeneration, lipid vacuolization, and vasocongestion were observed in both BPA-exposed groups. Our study suggests impaired glucose tolerance, oxidant–antioxidant balance, increased inflammatory response, fgf21 expression, and dnmt3a expressions as the possible mechanisms for the BPA-induced obesity model in zebrafish.
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection With a Focus on Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Askar Sally F. , Kenney Rachel M. , Tariq Zain , Conner Ruth , Williams Jonathan , Ramesh Mayur , Alangaden George J. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Approximately 25% of patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) will experience recurrence, which is greater in immunocompromised patients. We report experience with an institutional guideline targeting high-risk immunocompromised patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with CDI who met institutional criteria for bezlotoxumab due to high risk for recurrent CDI between June 1, 2017, and November 30, 2018. The primary endpoint of recurrent CDI within 12 weeks was compared between patients who received the standard of care (SoC) plus or minus bezlotoxumab. Results: Twenty-three patients received bezlotoxumab infusion plus SoC and were compared to 30 SoC patients. 84% of patients were immunocompromised and 54.7% were transplant recipients. The primary endpoint occurred in 13% of bezlotoxumab patients compared to 23.3% of SoC patients. No serious adverse effects were identified. Conclusion: Bezlotoxumab was associated with a meaningful reduction in recurrent CDI in this cohort largely comprising immunocompromised and transplant patients. Larger studies are warranted to evaluate bezlotoxumab in this population.
Worryingly high prevalence of resistance-associated mutations to macrolides and fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma genitalium among men who have sex with men with recurrent sexually transmitted infections
Authors: De Baetselier Irith , Vuylsteke Bea , Reyniers Thijs , Smet Hilde , Van den Bossche Dorien , Kenyon Chris , Crucitti Tania 
Published: January 2022

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) recurrently infected with STIs are playing a pivotal role in contemporary Sexually transmitted infections (STI) epidemics. Our aim was to assess whether these individuals had more Mycoplasma genitalium ( M. genitalium) infections and more resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones of M. genitalium compared to those who were not recurrently infected with STIs. Methods The study was performed on 179 Belgian MSM PrEP users that were followed up for 18 months. STIs including M. genitalium were detected quarterly. Detection of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) to macrolides and fluoroquinolones was performed via Sanger sequencing of the 23S rRNA gene and parC gene (conferring mutations at position 83/87 in ParC). Differences in M. genitalium positivity rate and presence of RAMs between both groups were assessed using mixed-effects logistic regression. Results A total of 91 new M. genitalium infections were detected among 70 participants. MSM experiencing recurrent STIs have significantly more M. genitalium infections compared to those without (11.7% vs. 4.7% OR: 2.69). Importantly, the prevalence of RAMs to macrolides (95.2% vs. 77.4%) and fluoroquinolones (35.7% vs. 12.9%) was much higher among individuals with recurrent STIs. The difference was only statistically significant for macrolides (OR 5.83, p = .036). Conclusions MSM recurrently infected with STIs play a central role in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in M. genitalium. The use of macrolides and fluoroquinolones should preferably be minimized in this population in order to avoid further emergence of multi-resistant M. genitalium.
Effect of nano zinc oxide on proliferation and toxicity of human gingival cells
Authors: Chen Fang-Chuan , Huang Cong-Ming , Yu Xiao-Wan , Chen Ya-Yu 
Published: January 2022

Background Periodontal dressing is used to cover the gum surface and protect the wound after periodontal surgery. Nanomaterials have been widely applied in dentistry in recent years. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the main components of periodontal dressing. Aim This study aims to explore the toxicity ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) causes to human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF-1) and its effect on cell proliferation. Methods First, we identified and analyzed HGF-1, including cell morphology, growth curve, and immunohistochemistry staining. Then, we treated HGF-1 with ZnO NP. Cell viability, the integrity of the cell membrane, oxidative damage, and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, fluorescent probe, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p53 was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. We finally overexpressed MDM2 in HGF-1 to verify the relationship between MDM2 and cell proliferation. Results Our research indicated ZnO NPs did not affect cell proliferation at low concentrations. However, high-concentration ZnO NP inhibited cell proliferation, destroyed the integrity of cell membranes, and induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. In addition, high concentration of ZnO NPs inhibited the proliferation of HGF-1 by regulating the expression of MDM2 and p53. Conclusion High concentration of ZnO NP caused toxicity to HGF-1 cells and inhibited cell proliferation by regulating MDM2 and p53 expression.
What Works and for Whom? Outcome Evaluation of an E-mail Walking Program Delivered Through Cooperative Extension
Authors: Richards Elizabeth A. , Woodcox Stephanie , Forster Anna 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Get WalkIN’ is a 12-week, e-mail-based walking promotion program. The purpose of this study was to (1) compare sociodemographics of participants who enrolled versus completed the program; and (2) evaluate program feasibility/acceptability from perspectives of program participants and county-based Extension Educators who implemented the program. Methods: Participants (N = 875), recruited by county-based Extension Educators, were asked Likert-scale questions (eg, ease of reading the e-mails and frequency of e-mails) to assess program acceptability and open-ended questions regarding improvements. Educators (N = 55) were asked Likert-scale and open-ended questions regarding program training, recruitment, strengths, and areas for improvement. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics, acceptability, and feasibility data. Open-ended responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: There were no significant sociodemographic differences between participants (N = 875) who started the program and completed the program (n = 438). Participants reported intervention e-mails were easy to read (mean = 4.5 ± 0.7), understand (mean = 4.5 ± 0.7), and encouraged more walking (mean = 4.1 ± 0.9). Participants would like to connect/interact with other participants/Educators, have more monitoring tools for accountability, and more visuals/videos embedded within e-mails. Educators reported program training was adequate, e-mail messages were helpful and easy to use, and requested more visuals (eg, videos) to help with recruitment. Educators thought adding a social component (eg, kick-off walk or walking group) would be helpful. Conclusions: This Extension-delivered walking program is acceptable to participants and feasible to deliver. However, participants and Educators reported they would like more interaction, even if virtual. Future e-mail-based programs should consider ways to incorporate social interaction among users as well as provide a wide variety of recruitment resources.
Improving eligibility criteria for first-line trials for patients with DLBCL using a US-based Delphi-method survey
Authors: Harkins R. Andrew , Patel Sharvil P. , Lee Michelle J. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Ansell Stephen M. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Blum Kristie A. , Cashen Amanda F. , Casulo Carla , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Johnston Patrick B. , Kahl Brad S. , Leonard John P. , Link Brian K. , Lossos Izidore S. , Martin Peter , Maurer Matt J. , Mehta-Shah Neha , Reagan Patrick M. , Westin Jason R. , Koff Jean L. , Flowers Christopher R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent first-line randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have shown negative results, which may be due in part to onerous eligibility criteria limiting enrollment of poor-risk patients who require immediate treatment. We conducted a Delphi-method survey with lymphoma experts in the United States to define recommendations for essential and potentially unnecessary enrollment criteria for modern first-line DLBCL RCTs aimed at increasing clinical diversity of ensuing study groups. We first tabulated enrollment criteria from 19 DLBCL RCTs spanning the rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) era to identify common eligibility criteria from prior DLBCL RCTs for inclusion in the Delphi-method survey. We tabulated 451 total eligibility criteria comprising 51 criterion categories across 19 first-line DLBCL RCTs in the R-CHOP era. We then surveyed lymphoma clinical trial experts representing 8 academic medical centers in the United States regarding essential and unnecessary eligibility criteria for modern DLBCL RCTs. Seventeen of 29 invited clinical investigators completed the round-1 questionnaire (response rate, of 58.6%), 15 of 17 round-1 participants (88.2%) completed the round-2 survey, and all round-1 participants reviewed finalized recommendations for eligibility criteria for modern first-line DLBCL RCTs. We defined consensus recommendations for 31 modernized eligibility criteria including threshold values for 10 quantitative eligibility criteria aimed at facilitating enrollment of a clinically diverse study population in first-line DLBCL RCTs designed to improve standard-of-care therapy.
Gut microbiota in patients with obesity and metabolic disorders — a systematic review
Authors: XU Zhilu , JIANG Wei , HUANG Wenli , LIN Yu , CHAN Francis K.L. , NG Siew C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous observational studies have demonstrated inconsistent and inconclusive results of changes in the intestinal microbiota in patients with obesity and metabolic disorders. We performed a systematic review to explore evidence for this association across different geography and populations.

Methods
We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE (OvidSP) and Embase (OvidSP) of articles published from Sept 1, 2010, to July 10, 2021, for case–control studies comparing intestinal microbiome of individuals with obesity and metabolic disorders with the microbiome of non-obese, metabolically healthy individuals (controls). The primary outcome was bacterial taxonomic changes in patients with obesity and metabolic disorders as compared to controls. Taxa were defined as “lean-associated” if they were depleted in patients with obesity and metabolic disorders or negatively associated with abnormal metabolic parameters. Taxa were defined as “obesity-associated” if they were enriched in patients with obesity and metabolic disorders or positively associated with abnormal metabolic parameters.

Results
Among 2390 reports screened, we identified 110 full-text articles and 60 studies were included. Proteobacteria was the most consistently reported obesity-associated phylum. Thirteen, nine, and ten studies, respectively, reported Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia, and Alistipes as lean-associated genera. Prevotella and Ruminococcus were obesity-associated genera in studies from the West but lean-associated in the East. Roseburia and Bifidobacterium were lean-associated genera only in the East, whereas Lactobacillus was an obesity-associated genus in the West.

Conclusions
We identified specific bacteria associated with obesity and metabolic disorders in western and eastern populations. Mechanistic studies are required to determine whether these microbes are a cause or product of obesity and metabolic disorders.