bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness Regarding Soil Health Card and Obstacles in Adoption of its Recommendations in the Karaikal District of Puducherry U.T. in India
Authors: Jayapriya R. , Kumar D. Suresh , Vidhyavathi A. , Kannan Balaji , Duraisamy M. R. 
Published: May 2022

Aims: To study the awareness regarding Soil Health Card and constraints encountered in adoption of Soil Health card Recommendations and suggestions in Karaikal district of Puducherry U.T.
Study Design: Purposive random sampling.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Karaikal district of Puducherry U.T. and the survey was conducted during September 2021 and October 2021.
Methodology: The random sampling of 120 respondents from Karaikal district who had soil health cards. Among the two Taluks (Karaikal and Thirunallar), total six Firkas were selected purposively and 20 farmers from each Firkas were selected through a random sampling technique. From the 120 sample respondents, information regarding the study was collected with a structured interview schedule. Percentage and distribution were employed to know about the socio-economic profile of respondents and their awareness level regarding the Soil Health card another tool used is Garrett ranking technique to rank constraints faced by the respondents.
Results: It was discovered that farmers were aware of the Soil health card suggests conservative measures for sustainable soil health and it increases yield, which also reduces additional costs incurred for fertilizer purchases by giving fertilizer recommendations for the particular field, etc. Garret ranking analysis revealed that the major constraint encountered in the adoption of soil health card recommendations is that the information on Soil Health Card is not in the local language followed by recommendations are not calculated based on farmers' land holdings, inaccessibility of micro-nutrient fertilizer in the market, etc.
Conclusion: To overcome these constraints Farmer's training on the use of a Soil Health Card by calculating a recommended dose of fertilizers and the information on the Soil Health Card should be in the local language is recommended.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Health and Nutrient Balance Sheet of Soybean under Vertisols of Rajasthan
Authors: Meena Neha , Sharma M. K. , Yadav Rajendra Kumar , Meena D. S. , Choudhary Seema , Bhil Kamlesh , Meena Rajesh , Dhayal Suman , Choudhary Mamta , Danga Narendra 
Published: May 2022

Background: A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2019 at ARS farm, College of Agriculture, Ummedganj, Kota (Rajasthan). Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Health and Nutrient Balance Sheet of soybean Under Vertisols of Rajasthan. The soil of the experimental field is clay loam having low to medium fertility status and good porosity.
Method: The experiment consisted of 10 treatments viz. T0 - Control (Absolute), T1 - RDF (20-40-40), T2 - 75% RDF + FYM (2.0 t ha-1), T3 - 50% RDF + FYM (4.0 t ha-1), T4 - 75% RDF + FYM (2.0 t ha-1) + Rhizobium, T5 - 50% RDF + FYM (4.0 t ha-1) + Rhizobium, T6 - 75% RDF + Vermicompost (1.0 t ha-1), T7 - 50% RDF + Vermicompost (2.0 t ha-1), T8 - 75% RDF + Vermicompost (1.0 t ha-1) + Rhizobium, T9 - 50% RDF + Vermicompost (2.0 t ha-1) + Rhizobium. The experiment was laid out in randomised block design and was replicated thrice.
Result: Among the nutrient management treatment, application of 50% RDF + Vermicompost (2.0 t ha-1) + Rhizobium (T9) significantly built up of the soil available nitrogen (258 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (21.67 kg ha-1) and available potassium (445.35 kg ha-1), micronutrient and organic carbon (0.59) was recorded.
Effect of Row Spacing and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Prasad Manumala , Mehera Biswarup 
Published: May 2022

A field experiment on chickpea was conducted during Rabi, 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). INDIA. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 6.9), organic carbon (0.71%), available N (273.54 kg/ha), available P (31.14 kg/ha), and available K (327 kg/ha). The treatments comprised of spacing (25cm x 10cm, 35cm x 10cm, 45cm x 10cm), and foliar application of Gibberellic acid (15, 30, & 45ppm/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated three times. The results showed that viz: Plant height (68.91 cm), number of branches per plant (28.19), plant dry weight (27.48 g/plant) were recorded significantly higher with 35 x10 cm + GA3 45ppm/ha. Whereas, crop growth rate (17.68 g/m2/day), relative growth rate (0.023 g/g/day) recorded higher in 25 x 10cm + GA3 30ppm/ha. Number of pods per plant (60.04), number of seeds per pod (1.93), seed yield (246.67 kg/ha), haulm yield (5064.53 kg/ha) were recorded significantly higher.
Higher gross returns (1,08,022.50 ₹/ha), net returns (75,676.47 ₹/ha), and benefit-cost ratio (3.33) were obtained with the application of 35 x10 cm + GA3 45ppm/ha. Thus, spacing with foliar application of Gibberellic acid (15,30 and 45ppm) could be a promising option for yield enhancement in chickpea.
Influence of Vector Control and Chemotherapy Interventions on Treatment Outcomes and Parasite Incidence in Artemether Combined Therapies Treated Populations of Kisii County, Kenya
Authors: Josephat Maniga  Nyabayo , Samuel Mong’are , Rael Masai , John Odda , Baraza Ambrose , Pacifica Bwogo , Martin Odoki , Albert Onchweri , Ambrose Shabohurira , Mfitundinda Wilberforce 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Malaria remains the major vector borne disease in the world. Currently Kenya the ministry of health has scaled up interventions with chemotherapy and vector control standing out as a major strategy. Therefore, this study examined the influence of vector control and chemotherapy interventions on the treatment outcomes in Kisii County.
Methods: Multi-stage random sampling was used for this study. The study was conducted from February 2021 to June 2021. Malaria-positive 275 participants were recruited into the study, treated with ACTs and followed for a period of 28 days at specified follow up days for parasite diagnosis. Occurrence of malaria clinical symptoms on the patients was also conducted. Molecular analysis was done by characterizing Merozoite proteins (MSP2) on the samples showing parasite recurrence. A Questionnaire was administered to determine the utilization of drugs for malaria treatment prior to this study and the usage of vector control after patient treatment with ACTs. Meanwhile, emphasis was laid on intervention strategies such as the use the usage of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), Indoor residual spraying and chemotherapeutic practices as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Results: Early treatment failure was reported among 27(12%) respondents, late clinical failures 20(8%), late parasitological failures 11(5%), and adequate clinical and parasitological outcomes 173(75%).Chemotherapeutic practices influencing treatment outcomes included; previous self-medication (OR=0.417; 95% CI: 0.153-1.385; p=0.035), ability of previously finishing doses (OR=0.328; 95% CI: 0.168-0.941; p=0.003,) and Frequency of previous antimalarial usage (OR=3.259; 95% CI: 1.054-4.721; p=0.004). While vector control interventions influencing treatment outcomes included; usage of indoor residual spraying (OR=0.408; 95% CI: 0.132-0.682; p=0.002), sleeping under the mosquito net (OR=0.218; 95% CI: 0.119-0.909; p=0.025,) and mosquito net treatment (OR=0.262; 95% CI: 0.092-0.823; p=0.003).With the molecular analysis detecting 10 samples with parasite recrudescence.
Conclusions: Based on these findings, Antimalarial usage practices prior to current usage of ACTs and vector control after treatment remain important predictor factors for treatment outcomes.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activities of Dillenia indica and Ficus exasperata
Authors: Ilori Olasupo John , Abe Iyioluwa Esther , Ibrahim Azeez God’s Gift , Afolayan Temiloluwa Folasayo , Bassey Omolola Abiola 
Published: May 2022

It has been proven that antimicrobials of plant origin work more efficiently with fewer side effects. This study aimed to identify the phytochemicals in extracts of Dillenia indica and Ficus exasperata and also to examine their antibacterial effect on clinical bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes). Dry leaves of D. indica and F. exasperata were extracted in ethanol, methanol, distilled water and hot water. The 100% extract solution was further diluted to different concentrations (75%, 50%, and 25%). The extracts were concentrated using a rotary evaporator. Using the agar well diffusion method, the isolates were subjected to the antibacterial action of various concentrations of these extracts. The diameter of the zones of inhibition were measured in millimeters. The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine significant (P<0.05) effects. Significant differences between means were determined using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, and anthrax quinones. Terpenoids were absent. The extracts of the plants inhibited the growth of the bacteria tested with varied effectiveness. The diameter of the zones of inhibition were concentration dependent in all extracts. The maximum antibacterial activities were observed in the organic solvent extracts. When the activity of the plant extract was compared with that of the standard antibiotics used in this work, it was observed that the plant extract compared favourably with those of these standard antibiotics. In conclusion, the results showed that leaf extract of D. indica and F. exasperata have antibacterial activity. Based on the antibacterial activity of D. indica and F. exasperata extracts as revealed by this research, the extracts of these plants can be used in the development of new pharmaceuticals which can be useful as strong therapeutic agent against bacterial pathogenic infections.
Phenotypic Detection of Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Hospital and Environmental Sources in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Charity Maduakor, Uzoamaka , Deborah Okolie, Chidimma , Philip Udoh, Iniekong , Felicia Onyemelukwe, Ngozi 
Published: May 2022

Background: Extended -Spectrum Beta- Lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that confer resistance to a wide range of β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, third-generation cephalosporins, and aztreonam, but not to cephamycins or carbapenems, and are blocked by beta-lactamase inhibitors.
Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the hospital and environmental samples.
Methodology: The study was conducted from October 2020 to June 2021 in the Microbiological Laboratory of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu. A total of 150 non-duplicate bacteria isolates were recovered from urine, wound swab, high vaginal swab, stool, sputum, and environmental sources. Isolates were identified and characterized using standard microbiological protocols. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion procedure. Phenotypic detection of ESBL production was determined using Double Disc Synergy Tvest.
Results: E. coli isolates from hospital samples were highly resistant to cefuroxime (100 %), cefixime (100 %) augmentin (100%), ciprofloxacin (91%), and cefotaxime(86.6%). However, nitrofurantoin and imipenem were highly potent 80.6 % and 76.1% respectively. Among the 67 strains of E. coli from hospital samples, 32(47.8%) were found to be ESBL producers. Of the 60 Klebsiella pneumoniae hospital isolates tested, 27(45%) were found to be ESBL-producers. Of the 18 strains of E. coli from environmental isolates, 12(66.7%) were found to be ESBL producers. Out of only five Klebsiella pneumoniae from environmental samples tested, 4(80%) were found to be ESBL producers. A total prevalence of 75(50%) ESBL producers from the 150 isolates were found.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed an alarming rate of 50% ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria with a high antimicrobial resistance in both ESBL and non-ESBL-producing isolates.
Incidence of Difficult Intubation in Tmj Ankylosis Patients in University Setting
Authors: Shathviha P. Chithambara , John Rubin S. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: A fusion of the mandibular condyle with the base of the skull causes ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which results in a lack of joint movement. The anesthesiologist is concerned about prolonged temporomandibular joint ankylosis because of the restricted airway, which makes intubation difficult. Despite the fact that TMJ ankylosis is a well-known risk factor for difficult airway management, the strategies used are based on the anesthesiologists' skill. It's never easy intubating a patient with temporomandibular joint ankylosis. The purpose of this study was to see how common problematic intubation was in TMJ ankylosis patients.
Aim of the Study: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of difficult intubation in TMJ ankylosis patients.
Materials and Methods: Among the overall data of patients attending Saveetha Dental College, a retrospective analysis of all the cases (patients who underwent TMJ ankylosis surgery) was extracted. Excel spreadsheets were used to enter the data. SPSS software version 19 was used to analyse the data collected. The data were statistically evaluated using the Chi square test.
Results: In this study, it was discovered that the incidence of difficult intubation in TMJ ankylosis surgery was higher in the age group of 5-18 years than in the other age groups. Intubation in children is tough. The chi square test resulted in statistically significant findings (p<0.005).
Conclusion: Nasal intubation and fiberoptic intubation were the most common modes of intubation used in TMJ ankylosis surgery, according to the results of this small sample retrospective analysis. The difficulty of intubation was increased in the paediatric age group (5-18 years).
Lung Cancer: Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
Authors: Alakkad Ashraf , Chelal Aref , Aitchison James 
Published: May 2022

A 55-year old, middle-aged man, known for hypertension and dyslipidemia, presented to the OPD with complaints of fever along with a mild dry cough. There was no shortness of breath or chest pain associated with the patient’s complaints. Therefore, as a seemingly obvious diagnosis, he was suspected of having a COVID-19 infection.
The man has a positive smoking history of approximately 20 cigarettes per day for 25 years. However, his COVID-19 PCR tests provided two negative results. His chest X-ray was also unremarkable. Apart from some abnormalities in his laboratory analyses, which have been discussed in detail in the coming sections, there seemed to be nothing unusual or out of place with the patient.
However, when a CT scan without contrast was ordered for the patient, the report showed a mass that was approximately 23 x 21 x 16 mm in size. The mass had a soft, tissue-like consistency. It also appeared to have irregular, lobulated margins. This entire mass was seen to be present in the anterior segment of the upper lobe of the left lung.
Apart from this mass, no COVID-19-related consolidations or signs of respiratory distress were seen in this patient.
When the mass was confirmed, a needle-core biopsy was done to find out the nature of it. The biopsy report confirmed that the mass was indeed a moderate-to-poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, which was consistent with adenocarcinoma with sarcomatoid features. All these aspects of the tumor, with radiological evidence, have been discussed below.
The patient is being supportively managed as of now and is also being kept on a follow-up schedule.
What's worth mentioning, however, is that despite such minor symptoms, the underlying problem could still be serious. If the patient had not gone for an X-ray or CT for their suspected COVID-19 abnormalities, then their case would not have come to a diagnosis and it would have eventually taken a turn for the worse. The whole case, along with the findings and the patient response has been discussed throughout this paper.
Assessment of Urban Sprawl, Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Voi Town, Kenya Using Remote Sensing and Landscape Metrics
Authors: Nyongesa Samantha Kahoya , Maghenda Marianne , Siljander Mika 
Published: May 2022

Rapid and uncontrolled urbanization is a major issue in both developing and developed countries. Uncontrolled urbanization has resulted to unplanned expansion of residential and commercial areas, informal settlements, housing shortages, and unplanned land use. Understanding and quantifying urban sprawl spatiotemporal patterns is critical for informing the development of appropriate policies for effective and sustainable land use management. Using image classification and spatial metrics, this study examines the changes in Voi town's urban land use/land cover (LULC) between 1999 and 2019. The LULC was mapped using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM):Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+):and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) datasets using supervised maximum likelihood classification. A post classification approach was used to detect and assess LULC changes in the study area, while selected spatial metric indices quantified urban sprawl. The results of the change detection analysis revealed that Voi town has been rapidly expanding, with an urban expansion of 187.96 percent from 1999 to 2011, 183.40 percent from 2011 to 2019, and 716.1 percent from 1999 to 2019. In 1999, the built-up area comprised 1.29 percent of the total study area, 3.72 percent in 2011, and 10.53 percent in 2019. Based on spatial metrics analysis, the number of built-up area patches in 1999, 2011, and 2019 was 154, 278, and 526, respectively. An increase in the number of patches indicated fragmentation and the emergence of new built-up areas.
As a result, city planners will need to plan ahead of time and implement additional measures to deal with the city's future rapid and unprecedented growth.
Effect of Immunoglobulin Y Tablets on Streptococcus Mutans Counts in Adolescents: An in vivo Study
Authors: Singla Poonam , Thomas Abi M. , Dua Kapil K. , Kundra Ruchika 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Streptococcus mutans has been most intimately associated with the initiation and development of carious lesion. Nowadays, the treatment strategies are aimed at either elimination of this bacterium or suppression of its virulence. The search for more efficient and economical techniques, has led to growing interest for the use of egg yolk antibodies (Immunoglobulin Y). This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological effect of Ig Y tablets on salivary Streptococcus mutans count in adolescents.
Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 50 adolescents (12–18 years old) were divided into two groups. Group I adolescents were instructed to use fluoridated toothpaste and Group II were instructed to administer S. Mutans specific Immunoglobulin Y chewable tablets for a period of 15 days along with the fluoridated toothpaste.
Results: The findings of this research demonstrated that the tablets containing specific egg yolk antibodies (IgY) against glucosyltransferase of S. mutans exerted a suppressive effect on S. mutans colonization of the oral cavity in healthy adolescents.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that using IgY in the form of tablets is a novel approach and has the advantage of releasing antibodies slowly into the oral cavity. It is thus effective in decreasing the colonization of the S. mutans, and lowering the induction of dental caries.
Evaluation of Change in Knowledge, Attitude and Adoption Regarding Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Infective Endocarditis Before and After Health Education among Dental Interns in a Private Dental Teaching Institution in India
Authors: Srilatha Y. , Shekar B. R. Chandra 
Published: May 2022

Background: There was paucity of data regarding updating of 2007 AHA (American Heart Association) guidelines among dentists in India.
Objective: To evaluate change in knowledge, attitude and adoption of AHA (2007) guidelines regarding Antibiotic prophylaxis for Infective endocarditis before and after health education among dental interns in a private dental teaching institution.
Materials and Methods: This was an interventional study conducted among dental interns in a teaching dental institution. Data was obtained using a validated questionnaire that finally had 32 items. Data was obtained by sharing an online link to complete survey. A reminder was also given one week later and participant responses obtained. Each correct response for a question was assigned a score of 1 while incorrect response was scored as zero. Total score was computed for each participant. Health education on AHA 2007 guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis was offered to participants using power point presentation for about 30 -45 minutes on a scheduled day following baseline data collection. Immediately after health education, participants were again requested to fill the same questionnaire used at baseline. Mean knowledge score before and after health education was compared using paired sample t-test.
Results: 74 participants were considered with response rate of 91.4%. Mean knowledge score significantly increased from 11.5 ± 4.3 (Mean ± Standard deviation) at baseline to 22.9 ± 4.2 post intervention (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Health education intervention was successful in improving knowledge, attitude and adoption of AHA 2007 guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis against IE among dental interns.