bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aryl-to-Alkyl Radical Relay Heck Reaction of Amides with Vinyl Arenes
Authors: Du Yujia , Sheng Xiaxin , Li Junhua , chen Jiaming , Yang Sen , chen ming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed aryl-to-alkyl radical relay Heck reaction of amides at α-C(sp3)-H sites with vinyl arenes is described. This process displays a broad substrate scope with respect to both amide and alkene components and provides access to a diverse classes of more complex molecules. The reaction is proposed to proceed via a hybrid palladium-radical mechanism. The core of the strategy is the fast oxidative addition of aryl iodide and fast 1,5-HAT overcome the slow oxidative addition of alkyl halides, and photoexcitation effect suppress the undesired β-H elimination. It is anticipated that this approach would inspire the discovery of new palladium-catalyzed alkyl-heck methods.
Realization of high discharge frequency in LC pulse generator for EDM by ignition using transistor circuit
Authors: Jiang Lin , Kunieda Masanori 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to design a novel pulse generator for electrical discharge machining (EDM) which can generate discharge current pulse with high discharge frequency more efficiently. Recent research has revealed that the LC pulse generator is able to generate higher rising speed discharge current pulses and high open voltage for EDM by utilizing electromotive force induced by an inductor. Conventional LC generators use inductors to store energy and switches to control the open gap voltage and discharge current flowing through the gap by varying the charging time of inductance, thereby realizing higher peak discharge power even with a low voltage DC power supply, as well as large removal volume per discharge due to high rising speed waveforms. However, the discharge probability of LC generators is lower than 20% if the discharge frequency divided by the switching frequency of the LC generator is defined as the discharge probability of the LC generator. This is because the duration of the open voltage pulse is significantly short in the order of several microseconds, although it usually takes several microseconds or longer for discharge to be ignited. This discharge delay time is an important parameter in EDM because longer delay time results in lower material removal rate, and an excessively short delay time indicates that the gap will be short circuited, resulting in decrease machining stability. Hence, this paper proposes a modified version of the LC generator in which a high impedance transistor pulse generator is used to control the discharge ignition in EDM to produce discharge frequency 2 to 3 times higher than the conventional LC pulse generator.
Quantum computing reduces systemic risk in financial networks
Authors: Aboussalah Amine Mohamed , Chi Cheng , Lee Chi-Guhn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In highly connected financial networks, the failure of a single institution can cascade into additional bank failures. This systemic risk can be mitigated by adjusting the loans, holding shares, and other liabilities connecting institutions in a way that prevents cascading of failures. We are approaching the systemic risk problem by attempting to optimize the connections between the institutions. In order to provide a more realistic simulation environment, we have incorporated nonlinear/discontinuous losses in the value of the banks. To address scalability challenges, we have developed a two-stage algorithm where the networks are partitioned into modules of highly interconnected banks and then the modules are individually optimized. We developed a new algorithms for classical and quantum partitioning for directed and weighed graphs (first stage) and a new methodology for solving Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problems with constraints for the systemic risk context (second stage). We compare classical and quantum algorithms for the partitioning problem. Experimental results demonstrate that our two-stage optimization with quantum partitioning is more resilient to financial shocks, delays the cascade failure phase transition, and reduces the total number of failures at convergence under systemic risks with reduced time complexity.
Evaluating the genetic diversity of Erythropalum scandens based on using inter-simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Yang Tianwei , Zhang Xiangjun , Huang Shiyu , Gao Manrong , Li Ting , Zhang Shangwen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Erythropalum scandens Blume, an emerging medicinal plant with great potential for drug development, also possesses high edible value. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of the germplasm of E. scandens obtained from different geographical locations using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. For this purpose, 18 ISSR primer pairs with a distinct background and adequate polymorphism were selected. We established an optimal ISSR–PCR reaction system (20 µL) with the following parameters: 1 µL DNA template (60 ng·µL-1), 1.2 µL primers (10 µmol·µL-1), 10 µL MasterMix, and 7.8 µL H2O. A total of 183 loci were amplified using the 18 primer pairs, of which 121 (66.12%) indicated polymorphism. Moreover, 34 germplasms of E. scandens exhibited genetic similarity coefficients ranging from 0.7104 to 0.9563, genetic distances ranging from 0.0447 to 0.3420, Nei’s genetic diversity index of 0.1946, and Shannon’s information index of 0.2982, suggesting high intraspecific genetic diversity. UPGMA cluster and PCoA analyses distinguished the germplasm of E. scandens obtained from Guangxi from those collected from Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, and Guizhou. However, the Mantel correlation analysis revealed that the genetic variation among the 34 germplasms of E. scandens was not significantly related to geographical distance. The analysis of the genetic background of wild and cultivated germplasms of E. scandens can help guide variety selection and breeding. Furthermore, the present study revealed the genetic background and affinities among 34 germplasms of E. scandens. Overall, our findings lay the foundation for the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources, identification and classification of varieties, and variety selection and improvement of E. scandens at the molecular level.
High Resolution Propagation-based Lung Imaging at Clinically Relevant X-Ray Dose Levels
Authors: Albers Jonas , Wagner Willi L. , Fiedler Mascha O. , Rothermel Anne , Wünnemann Felix , Lillo Francesca Di , Dreossi Diego , Baratella Elisa , Confalonieri Marco , Arfelli Fulvia , Kalenka Armin , Lotz Joachim , Biederer Jürgen , Wielpütz Mark O. , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Alves Frauke , Tromba Giuliana , Dullin Christian , Sodini Nicola 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Absorption-based clinical computed tomography (CT) is the current imaging method of choice in the diagnosis of lung diseases. Many pulmonary diseases are affecting microscopic structures of the lung, such as terminal bronchi, alveolar spaces, sublobular blood vessels or the pulmonary interstitial tissue. As spatial resolution in CT is limited by the clinically acceptable applied x-ray dose, a comprehensive diagnosis of conditions such as interstitial lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or the characterization of small pulmonary nodules is limited and may require additional validation by invasive lung biopsies. Propagation-based imaging (PBI) is a phase sensitive x-ray imaging technique capable of reaching high spatial resolutions at relatively low applied radiation dose levels. In this publication, we present technical refinements of PBI for the characterization of different artificial lung pathologies, mimicking clinically relevant patterns in ventilated fresh porcine lungs in a human-scale chest phantom. The combination of a very large propagation distance of 10.7 m and a photon counting detector with 100 µm pixel size enabled high resolution PBI CT with significantly improved dose efficiency, measured by thermoluminescence detectors. Image quality was directly compared with state-of-the-art clinical CT. PBI with increased propagation distance was found to provide improved image quality at the same or even lower x-ray dose levels than clinical CT. By combining PBI with iodine k-edge subtraction imaging we further demonstrate that, the high quality of the calculated iodine concentration maps might be a potential tool for the analysis of lung perfusion in great detail. Our results indicate PBI to be of great value for accurate diagnosis of lung disease in patients as it allows to depict pathological lesions non-invasively at high resolution in 3D. This will especially benefit patients at high risk of complications from invasive lung biopsies such as in the setting of suspected idopatic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
Screening vs no screening for preterm delivery in low risk singleton pregnancies: comparison by propensity score analysis
Authors: Souka Athena , Maritsa Vasiliki Areti , Eleftheriades Makarios 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effect of a policy of screening for spontaneous preterm delivery (SPD) by transvaginal cervical length (CL) measurement versus a no screening policy in the prevention of severe prematurity.
Methods: Retrospective study on low-risk singleton pregnancies examined at 20-24 weeks. Two cohorts one with SPD screening and the other without screening were matched using propensity analysis to create the study groups. Women with short CL were treated with vaginal progesterone and/or cervical cerclage/pessary. The outcomes examined were SPD<32 weeks (SPD 32) and SPD between 20 and 32 weeks (SPD 20-32).
Results: Screening for SPD was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of SPD at less than 32 weeks (0.3% vs 0.8%, p=0.001 in the screened and no screened pregnancies respectively) and in the rate of SPD 20-32 (0.3% vs 0.9%, p=0.005 in the screened and no screened pregnancies respectively). After adjusting for maternal age, parity, body mass index, smoking and mode of conception, the screening group had significantly lower hazard for SPD 20-32 (HR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.18-0.75, p=0.006) and SPD32 (HR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.19-0.82, p=0.013).
Conclusion: Screening for SPD by transvaginal CL measurement in mid pregnancy may reduce the incidence of severe prematurity in low risk singleton pregnancies.
Propionate-producing Veillonella parvula regulates the malignant properties of tumor cells of OSCC
Authors: Chang Xinxia , Chen Yufeng , Cui Daixun , Wang Yufei , Zhou Yingjia , Zhang Xiao , Tang Genxiong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) remains a global health concern with high mortality and morality around the world. Emerging evidence implicates the abnormal abundance and species of oral microbiota are associated with the development of OSCC. Veillonella parvula is an anaerobic Gram-negative coccus and the resident member of the normal oral microbial community. In our study, 16S rDNA (V4) amplicon sequencing of salivary microbiome genome revealed that OSCC patients with a high expression of trop2 showed a dysbacteriosis and characterized with a significant decreased distribution of veillonella parvula. In vitro study, Veillonella parvula treatment promoted the apoptosis inhibited the proliferation and invasion ability of TROP2-high expressed head and neck sauamous cell carcinema HN6 cells compared with the human oral keratinocyte (HOK) cells through its metabolite products rather than the bacteria cell itself. Further, Propionate the main metabolite of Veillonella parvula also plays the similar anti cancer role through inhibiting the activation of TROP2 related PI3K/Akt pathway. These results suggest that propionate, the SCFA metabolite of Veillonella parvula induces cell apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation and invasion through reducing the activation of TROP2/PI3K/AKt pathway in OSCC cells.
Co-expression network analysis identifies molecular determinants of loneliness associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
Authors: Potashkin Judith , Santiago Jose , Quinn James 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Loneliness and social isolation are detrimental to mental health and may lead to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Although several molecular signatures of loneliness have been identified, the molecular mechanisms by which loneliness impacts the brain remain elusive. Here we performed a bioinformatic approach to untangle the molecular underpinnings associated with loneliness. Co-expression network analysis identified 48 molecular ‘switches’ responsible for dramatic transcriptional changes in the nucleus accumbens of individuals with known loneliness. Loneliness-related switch genes were enriched in cell cycle, cancer, TGF-β, FOXO, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Analysis stratified by sex identified 27 switch genes in males with chronic loneliness. Male-specific switch genes were enriched in infection, innate immunity, and cancer-related pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that loneliness-related switch genes significantly overlapped with 82% and 68% of human studies on Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD), respectively, deposited in gene expression databases. Loneliness-related switch genes, BCAM, NECTIN2, NPAS3, RBM38, PELI1, DPP10, and ASGR2, have been identified as genetic risk factors for AD. Likewise, switch genes HLA-DRB5, ALDOA, and GPNMB are known genetic loci in PD. Similarly, loneliness-related switch genes overlapped in 70% and 64% of human studies on major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, respectively. Nine switch genes, HLA-DRB5, ARHGAP15, COL4A1, RBM38, DMD, LGALS3BP, WSCD2, CYTH4, and CNTRL, overlapped with known genetic variants in depression. Seven switch genes, NPAS3, ARHGAP15, LGALS3BP, DPP10, SMYD3, CPXCR1, and HLA-DRB5 associated with known risk factors for schizophrenia. Collectively, we identified molecular determinants of loneliness and dysregulated pathways in the brain of non-demented adults. The association of switch genes with known risk factors for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases provides a molecular explanation for the observed prevalence of these diseases among lonely individuals.
A novel forming process of Al / Mg composite circular tube based on experiments and numerical simulations
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yuan Ting , Zeng Chao-wei , Hu Gang , Hu Hong-jun , OU Zhongwen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a method of co-extrusion bimetallic combining direct extrusion and expanding shear deformation ( DEES ) process is described. This method was used to prepare Al / Mg bimetallic tubes. The composite tubes were successfully prepared at 360 ℃, 390 ℃, 420 ℃ and 3mm / s. a mathematical model of co-extrusion process using DEFORM-3D was developed to deeply understand and scientifically recognize the material flow and metallurgical reaction between aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy during co-extrusion. The finite element analysis results show that the influence of extrusion temperature on the bonding properties of extruded bimetals is reflected in many aspects due to the difference of material properties, such as atomic diffusion energy and flow stress difference during extrusion. To further analyze the deformation mechanism of Al/Mg bimetal tube in the deformation process, the microstructure of the interface bonding layer at different forming temperatures was observed and analyzed. In addition, the hardness test results show that reasonable control of the deformation temperature can improve the performance of the matrix material while reducing the thickness of the bonding layer.
Low-frequency variability enhancement of the midlatitude climate in an eddy-resolving, coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Part I: Anatomy.
Authors: Kurashina Ryosuke , Berloff Pavel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study investigated coupling of the wind-driven ocean gyres with the atmospheric westerly jet, or jet stream, using an idealised, eddy-resolving, coupled ocean-atmosphere model. An empirical orthogonal function analysis showed that the ocean gyre variability is dominated by meridional shifts of the eastward jet extension and changes in strength of the subtropical inertial recirculation zone. On the other hand, the atmospheric jet variability is shown to be dominated by the growth of standing Rossby wave patterns which are enhanced by the presence of western boundary currents and a sharp sea surface temperature (SST) front. Singular value decompositions of the low-pass filtered data revealed positive feedbacks between meridional shifts of the ocean eastward jet extension and the growth of a standing Rossby wave disturbances in the atmospheric jet. The response of the atmosphere is controlled by shifts in meridional eddy heat fluxes which are co-located with the SST front and trigger the growth of baroclinic instabilities over the ocean basin. This eventually leads to a large-scale, barotropic circulation response in the atmosphere over the eastern ocean basin. Reduction in the atmospheric resolution inhibits the ability of atmospheric eddies to resolve length scales associated with meridional shifts of the SST front and eastward jet. This consequently weakens the influence of ocean gyre variability on the atmospheric jet and reduces the strength of the positive feedback.
In vitro evaluation of tooth whitening potential of peroxide-free OTC dental bleaching agents
Authors: Grillon Marlene , Bella Enrico di , Krejci Ivo , Ardu Stefano 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate and compare the tooth whitening potential of five over-the-counter (OTC) peroxide-free dental bleaching, as well as an experimental tooth whitening solution containing 0,1% hydrogen peroxide complexed with doping agents with a gold standard (positive control) containing 16% carbamide peroxide.
Material and methods: Eighty permanent bovine incisor teeth were randomly allocated to eight different groups. Two teeth from each group were immerged into five staining solution represented by coffee, tea, red wine, curry mixed in warm oil or distilled water (control group) and stored at 37°C during 28 days in an incubator. The teeth were then reallocated to the eight groups, resulting in ten samples per group, and each group was matched with a bleaching product. The bleaching procedures were executed following the manufacturer’s recommendations. The color of each sample was assessed over a white and black background using a quantitative numerical measurement approach with a calibrated spectrophotometer. Spectrophotometric measurements were performed after exposing the teeth to the bleaching agent for 60 min (T2), 100 min (T3), 200 min (T4), and ΔE00 was calculated.
Results: When analysed over a white background, the mean ΔE00 values ranged from 2.14 (Placebo) to 6.32 (Opalescence PF). When analysed over a black background, the mean ΔE00 values ranged from 2.31 (Placebo) to 5.78 (Opalescence PF). Statistically significant ΔE00 color changes over time for the eight groups and five staining solutions at T1 and T4 were assessed for both background using repeated ANOVA followed by Fisher's LSD post-hoc test (p-value < 0.01).
Conclusion: All tested over-the-counter whitening kits except one, exhibited positive color variation. However, the individual performance differed vastly from one brand to the other and the overall performance was less effective compared to conventional carbamide peroxide-based positive control.
Effect of direct water injection on emission of pollutants in a diesel engine using CFD and water/fuel mass ratio based parametric analysis
Authors: NKOL Fabrice Parfait NANG , BANTA Nelson Junior ISSONDJ , Offole Florence , ABBE Claude Valery NGAYIHI , Mouangue Ruben 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One of the current major challenges in the industry is to considerably reduce polluting emissions from internal combustion engines to comply with increasingly strict anti-pollution standards and to remain competitive in the face of the rapid spread of green technologies. The work carried out in this paper focused on a study of the effect of direct water injection on the emission of pollutants in a diesel engine. The strategy of injecting water into the combustion chamber allows better control of the combustion phase and improves engine performance due to the temperature drop during combustion. This work aims to develop a CFD model of a diesel engine with direct water injection in the combustion chamber and to analyze the effects of water/fuel ratio on combustion, particularly on pollutant emissions. The novelty of this work is the realization of a parametric CFD study based on the water/fuel mass ratio, which is a powerful indicator that can effectively generalize the results obtained to engines of different architecture and consumption. For it, data were taken from the work done at Sandia National Laboratories by Stephen Bush and his team from a light unicycle optical diesel engine. These data made possible to design and validate a CFD model. After that we associate a model of direct injection of water, which has also been validated. Finally, we analyze the effects of water/fuel mass ratio on combustion and particularly on pollutant emissions. This work shows that the injection of water into the combustion chamber of the engine effectively reduces the emission levels of pollutants in nature. Thus, depending on the value of the water/fuel ratio, there is a reduction of 2% − 30% of NOx, 5% − 70% of soot, 5% − 40% for CO and 3% − 30% for HC.
WITHDRAWN: Exposure to Artificial Light at Night in Adolescents and Subsequent Risk of Obesity in Young Adulthood: A Nationwide Population-Based Survey
Authors: Tang Haibo , Cao Yaoquan , Wu Jingjing , Li Yalan , Li Shenxin , Shen Minxue , Zhu Liyong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown that artificial light at night (ALAN) is associated with obesity in adults or school-aged children, however, without addressing the critical transition period from adolescence to young adulthood.
Methods
In this study, we recruited incoming students from five geographically dispersed universities across China whose mean ALAN (nanowatts/cm2/sec) during adolescence was obtained using remotely observed nighttime data matched with information on their residence. Body weight and height were measured in a field survey. A mixed generalized linear model assessed the association between ALAN levels and body mass index (BMI).
Results
A total of 19,344 participants were included with a mean age and BMI of 18.3 ± 0.7 years and 21.2 ± 3.0 kg/m2, respectively. Our findings indicated a significant association between ALAN levels during the past 6 years and BMI (β = 0.1, 95% CI: 0.06–0.14, p < 0.0001). The results remained robust after multiple sensitivity analyses and adjustment for age, sex, parental educational, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity. In addition, a significant association between ALAN levels and BMI was observed in males (β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.17–0.29, p < 0.0001) but not in females (β = 0.03, 95% CI: to0.08-0.02, p = 0.24).
Conclusion
These results reveal for the first time that ALAN exposure during adolescence is associated with subsequent increases in BMI at young adulthood. Further studies could help elucidate this association and clarify whether reducing exposure to ALAN during adolescence could contribute to obesity prevention in young adults.