bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment repérer et définir le topos ?
Authors: Weil Michèle 
Published: August 2022

De quoi s’agit-il ? Du topos dans ses manifestations narratives, non du lieu vide de la tradition rhétorique. D’un repérage textuel, propre au corpus formé par les fictions narratives des origines à 1789, en langue française. Pourquoi, dira-t-on, écarter les topiques aristotéliciennes, les topos propres au théâtre ou à la poésie, à la littérature des XIXe et XXe siècles ou aux littératures étrangères ? Parce que cette mise à l’écart, provisoire d’ailleurs, permet seule, par la — très relative — modestie du corpus restant, d’approcher une définition qui puisse servir d’outil de précision dans un travail collectif de recherche sur la formation du roman.

La définition et les procédures de repérage ici proposées ne se veulent donc qu’expérimentales. Ce n’est qu’en superposant les textes narratifs, en les lisant comme par transparence, que l’on peut voir se dessiner les topos propres au genre romanesque, puisse définir l’idée [idea] de topos spécifique. D’où cette proposition de définition, en cours d’expérimentation, du topos comme configuration narrative récurrente.
Procédures d’initialité dans la littérature du Graal
Authors: Dubost Francis 
Published: August 2022

Dire que la littérature médiévale dans son ensemble présente un caractère topique nettement affirmé serait commencer par le plus banal des topos, mais cette mauvaise ouverture m’amènerait du moins à signaler l’existence d’une abondante littérature critique sur la question. Le pionnier en la matière fut certainement Ernst Robert Curtius, qui traite le « topos », comme un « lieu » thématique et non plus comme le « lieu » logique d’Aristote. Dans son ouvrage monumental La littérature européenne et le Moyen Age latin, il consacre une section à la topique de l’exorde, et pourrait donc à ce titre représenter pour nous une référence importante. Il faudrait citer également, parmi beaucoup d’autres, les travaux de Jean Frappier sur le don contraignant, que Philippe Ménard appelle plus justement don en blanc, ceux de Jean-Charles Payen sur le motif du repentir et le déplacement des topos, ceux de Paul Zumthor sur la constitution de modèles conceptuels, poétiques ou narratifs. Dans un ensemble où le topos est partout, il fallait donc trouver un moyen de limiter la recherche. J’ai choisi un corpus centré autour du Graal, thème topique par excellence. En fait, le jeu des ramifications et des interférences topiques m’entraînera souvent hors du champ initialement retenu.
« L’en ne doit pas son ami corrocier » : confidences masculines et féminines dans le Lancelot en prose
Authors: Denoyelle Corinne 
Published: August 2022

Quand elle révèle à la reine Guenièvre qu’elle est au courant de ses amours, la dame de Malehaut expose aussi en quelques mots le rôle et la fonction du confident d’une manière qui n’est pas sans rappeler la présentation qu’en fait Guillaume de Lorris dans le Roman de la Rose. Permettant de « descovrir son penser », et de se « solacier », la confidence crée un lien d’amitié puissant entre les personnages. Les confidents, comme l’a montré Frédérique Le Nan dans sa thèse sur le secret, « soulagent [les détenteurs des secrets] de l’extraordinaire tension qu’ils infligent. » Cependant, nous devons constater que si le mécanisme de la confidence est fort bien décrit par le roman, le contenu de ces confidences est rarement rapporté dans les dialogues : ceux-ci sont en général constitués d’actes de langage déclaratifs par lesquels les personnages s’engagent l’un envers l’autre, le contenu même des confidences est en général laissé à la discrétion du discours narrativisé.

Par ailleurs, la relation entre les confidents n’est pas si idéale qu’elle en a l’air car les personnages, déchirés entre le désir de ne pas blesser leur confident et leur envie de parler, sont progressivement condamnés au mutisme.
La sainte amitié dans Les Miracles de Nostre Dame de Gautier Coinci et Le Gracial d’Adgar
Authors: Benoit Jean-Louis 
Published: August 2022

Les auteurs des miracles de Notre-Dame en français sont des clercs qui veulent proposer des oeuvres édifiantes destinées aux clercs mais aussi aux laïcs, pour les détourner de la littérature profane jugée immorale. Ils reconnaissent cependant les valeurs de courtoisie et de sagesse de cette littérature. L’amitié est une de ces valeurs. Nos auteurs cherchent d’abord par des contre-exemples à mettre en garde contre les amitiés pernicieuses : l’amitié qui pousse des clercs à fréquenter des dames, l’homosexualité, la confiance aveugle accordée à des êtres malfaisants. Les vraies amitiés, celles qui profitent à l’âme, sont ensuite déclinées dans les divers miracles. On peut, on doit aimer, un être vertueux qui constitue un modèle de sainteté et de bonté. C’est le cas de la chaste impératrice qui suscite des amours coupables, mais aussi de vraies amitiés. L’amitié peut être communautaire, rassemblant dans une fraternité généreuse les marins en danger ou les moines autour de leur confrère agonisant. L’amie suprême est la Vierge Marie qui est réellement présente dans la vie de ses dévots. Elle offre la plus sainte des amitiés à ceux qui font appel à elle. Les auteurs n’hésitent pas à faire part de leur expérience personnelle. Ils expriment avec lyrisme l’affection qui les lie à leur dédicataire. Leur livre est un cadeau qui leur est offert. L’amitié entre un homme et une femme est parfois possible. Gautier de Coinci propose l’exemple d’un moine et d’une religieuse unis par leur ferveur et leur dévotion à Marie (Notre-Dame de Sardanei). C’est bien le critère de la sainte amitié : tourner le coeur des amis vers Dieu. Adgar et Gautier citent le nom d’une amie féminine à qui ils dédient leur oeuvre. L’amitié est à la source de l’oeuvre puisque c’est pour répondre aux sollicitations pressantes et aux besoins de leur ami(e) dédicataire et commanditaire, que l’auteur écrit. Il est le lecteur privilégié et désigné. Le lecteur virtuel est aussi évoqué comme un ami futur à qui l’on demande et à qui l’on donne des preuves de son amitié.
Prevalence, type of infections and comparative analysis of detection techniques of intestinal parasites in the province of Belgarn, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqarni Abdulrahman S. , Wakid Majed H. , Gattan Hattan S. 
Published: August 2022

Background
The study was conducted to observe the prevalence and type of infection caused by intestinal parasites and to compare the techniques that are available for the detection.

Method
A total of 112 stool samples were obtained from study participants, and the laboratory examinations were performed at Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. One hundred and twelve participants were included in this study.

Result
The color of positive specimens was mainly brown (86.4%). Stool consistency in infected cases was soft in (64%) samples. There was no statistically significant difference with the physical characteristics of the stool (P > 0.05). In total, 59 of the 112 participants were infected with intestinal parasites, representing 52.7%. Different intestinal protozoa parasites were identified in which Blastocystis hominis (86.4%) was highest. None of the intestinal helminths were detected. Out of the 59 infected cases, single infections were found in (62.7%) samples. The intestinal protozoan parasites in single infections were B. hominis (78.4%), Giardia lamblia (8.1%), and (2.7%) from each Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, and Chilomastix mesnili. Microscopy, RDTs, and real-time PCR were used for detection and identification of G. lamblia, E. histolytica, and C. parvum.

Conclusion
The study reported a high rate of intestinal parasitic infections, mainly with B. hominis. There were no statistical differences in parasite detection between the three techniques in detection of the thirteen cases infected with the pathogenic protozoa.
¿PUERTAS ABIERTAS? migrações regionais, direito e integração na Comunidade Andina de Nações e no Mercosul
Authors: Sacchetta Ramos Mendes José 
Published: August 2022

O Mercosul e a Comunidade Andina de Nações estabeleceram, nas últimas décadas, legislações comunitárias sobre as migrações regionais e os migrantes. Os dois blocos foram instituídos a partir de metas de integração comercial e, posteriormente, agregaram temas sociais a seus objetivos. Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento normativo realizado nos processos sul-americanos de integração, em sua busca por solu- ções para a problemática dos deslocamentos humanos provindos de países vizinhos. Apesar dos avanços, subsistem obstáculos políticos e legais à regularização da condição dos migrantes e ao seu acesso a direitos sociais. Entre as razões apontadas, está o desalinhamento de normas internas dos países em relação aos acordos multilaterais e a pequena participação das sociedades sul-americanas na tomada de decisões. No artigo, comenta-se a adoção de princípios gerais fundamentados no respeito aos Direitos Humanos e a via de inclusão da migração e dos migrantes no projeto de uma cidadania regional.Palavras-chave: Migração regional. América do Sul. Comunidade Andina de Nações. Mercosul. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Nematic Colloidal Micro‐Robots as Physically Intelligent Systems
Authors: Yao Tianyi , Kos Žiga , Zhang Qi Xing , Luo Yimin , Serra Francesca , Steager Edward B. , Ravnik Miha , Stebe Kathleen J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhysically intelligent micro‐robotic systems exploit information embedded in micro‐robots, their colloidal cargo, and their milieu to interact, assemble, and form functional structures. Nonlinear anisotropic fluids such as nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) provide untapped opportunities to embed interactions via their topological defects, complex elastic responses, and ability to dramatically restructure in dynamic settings. Here a four‐armed ferromagnetic micro‐robot is designed and fabricated to embed and dynamically reconfigure information in the nematic director field, generating a suite of physical interactions for cargo manipulation. The micro‐robot shape and surface chemistry are designed to generate a nemato‐elastic energy landscape in the domain that defines multiple modes of emergent, bottom‐up interactions with passive colloids. Micro‐robot rotation expands the ability to sculpt interactions; the energy landscape around a rotating micro‐robot is dynamically reconfigured by complex far‐from‐equilibrium dynamics of the micro‐robot's companion topological defect. These defect dynamics allow transient information to be programmed into the domain and exploited. Robust micro‐robotic manipulation strategies are demonstrated that exploit these diverse modes of nemato‐elastic interaction to achieve cargo docking, transport, release, and assembly of complex reconfigurable structures at multi‐stable sites. Such structures are of great interest to future developments of LC‐based advanced optical device and micro‐manufacturing in anisotropic environments.
Efficient and Bright Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Tang Shi , Lundberg Petter , Tsuchiya Youichi , Ràfols‐Ribé Joan , Liu Yongfeng , Wang Jia , Adachi Chihaya , Edman Ludvig 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLight‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) comprising metal‐free molecules that emit by the process of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) can be both sustainable and low cost. However, the blue emission performance of current TADF‐LECs is unfortunately poor, which effectively prohibits their utilization in important applications, such as illumination and full‐color displays. Here, this drawback is addressed through the development of a TADF‐LEC, which delivers blue light emission (peak wavelength = 475 nm) with a high external quantum efficiency of 5.0%, corresponding to a current efficacy of 9.6 cd A‐1. It is notable that this high efficiency is attained at bright luminance of 740 cd m‐2, and that the device turn‐on is very fast. It is demonstrated that this accomplishment is enabled by the blending of a carbazole‐based 9‐(4‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐2‐methylphenyl)‐3,6‐dimethyl‐9H‐carbazole guest emitter with a compatible carbazole‐based tris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine:2,6‐bis(3‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)pyridine blend‐host for the attainment of bipolar electrochemical doping, balanced electron/hole transport, and exciplex‐effectuated host‐to‐guest energy transfer.
Record‐High Responsivity and High Detectivity Broadband Photodetectors Based on Upconversion/Gold/Prussian‐Blue Nanocomposite
Authors: Gupta Akash , Patel Dinesh Kumar , Lee Song Yeul , Rigosi Albert F. , Elmquist Randolph E. , Adusumalli Venkata N. K. B. , Liang Chi‐Te , Park Yong Il 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of high‐quality and strongly Au conjugated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is time‐consuming and requires specific chemicals. Therefore, a one‐pot hydrothermal method is adopted for novel in situ preparation of UCNP@Au composites using a binary functional ethylenediaminetetraacetic salt, which is employed as a surfactant and reducing agent. The composites are electrostatically conjugated with metal‐coordinated Prussian blue (PB) to yield UCNP@Au+PB nanocomposites (NCs), which demonstrate 21‐fold upconversion emission quenching by fluorescence resonance energy transfer compared to UCNPs. Additionally, the PB, UCNP@Au, and NCs demonstrate a synergistically reduced trap (α ≈ 0.85) and enhance ultrasensitive broadband (432–980 nm) photodetection. The NCs‐based gate‐free epitaxial graphene device demonstrates excellent high photoresponsivity (5.9 × 105 A W–1), detectivity (2.17 × 1014 ), and normalized gain (2.06 × 10−4 m2 V–1) at 318 nW cm–2 (532 nm) and a bias voltage of 1 V. The Au plasmons enhance the one‐photon‐enabled visible absorption of Er3+ ions, and PB exhibits broad absorption and enhances the carrier density of the device, resulting in an ultrahigh photoresponse. The obtained device performance is the highest to date among their class of nanohybrids. Also, these NCs can readily detect polychromatic light and signals from daily‐use appliances, indicating their potential for applications in consumer electronics.
Modified Biodegradation Behavior Induced Beneficial Microenvironments for Bone Regeneration by Low Addition of Gadolinium in Zinc
Authors: Yang Hongtao , Jia Bo , Qu Xinhua , Dai Kerong , Zheng Yufeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractZinc (Zn) shows a great potential as a biodegradable material for bone implants after a decade of systematic research and development. However, uncontrollable biodegradation behavior and biphasic dose‐response prevent Zn from fulfilling its essential role in facilitating bone regeneration. In this study, the low addition of gadolinium (Gd) modifies the intrinsic microstructure of Zn in terms of grain size distribution, grain boundary misorientation, and texture. Adding Gd refines grain size distribution and creates a stronger basal plane texture in Zn, consequently, changing the current density distribution and reducing the anode dissolution rate during corrosion. As a result, uniform degradation is more predominant in Zn‐0.4Gd alloy implant, in comparison to localized degradation in pure Zn implant in bone environments. The modified biodegradation behavior of the Zn‐0.4Gd alloy implant induces significantly better new bone formation and osseointegration compared to the pure Zn implant. Therefore, Gd with trace amounts is able to tune the degradation behavior and improve the performance of Zn‐based implants in promoting bone regeneration.
Local Ionic Displacements and Polarization at the Paraelectric‐Ferroelectric Heterointerface: Effect of Octahedral Distortion
Authors: Luo Jin , Qian Hao , Zheng Tianyang , Li Jing‐Feng , Liu Yunfei , Lyu Yinong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAt the ferroelectric ABO3 perovskite heterointerface, the broken translational symmetry significantly alters the octahedral network and cation sublattices. Experimentally revealing the interaction between the polarization and atomic structure parameters is beneficial not only for understanding the novel physical phenomena but also for realizing exotic physical functionalities at the materials surface science. Here, it is demonstrated that the induced polarization can be realized by the cooperative interaction between the octahedral distortion and the cation sublattices at the paraelectric‐ferroelectric heterointerface in the (K,Na)NbO3 epitaxial thin film. It is found that the cation–cation displacement scales with the tetragonality of the perovskite unit cell but not with the polarization, which is minimal in the substrate but increases substantially in the thin film. Nevertheless, the oxygen octahedral distortion in the substrate, accompanied by octahedral rotation, is stronger than that in the film, resulting in a translated and stable polarization across the interface. These results demonstrate the octahedral network plays a significant role in the ferroelectric polarization and can also greatly advance the understanding of the heterointerface science for ferroelectrics.
Regioselectivity Switch Based on the Stoichiometry: Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Vinyl Epoxides by Cu‐Catalyzed 3‐exo‐trig Cyclization of α‐Allenols
Authors: Esteban Pablo , Herrera Fernando , San Martín Daniel , Luna Amparo , Almendros Pedro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTypical transition metal‐catalyzed oxycyclization of allenols takes place at the terminal allene carbon via a 5‐endo path and forms dihydrofurans. A copper‐catalyzed protocol brought about a reversed regioselectivity, generating a series of trisubstituted epoxides through a 3‐exo‐cyclization/sulfonylation cascade. The current stoichiometry control of regioselectivity may open singular opportunities in chemical transformations.magnified image
Pediatric emergency department organization and social care practices among U.S. fellowship programs
Authors: Assaf Raymen Rammy , Assaf Ryan David , Barber Doucet Hannah , Graff Danielle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSocial care has become increasingly relevant to the emergency physician and includes activities that address health‐related social risk and social needs. The literature has consistently documented substantial health care provider challenges in incorporating social care into routine practice. Yet, interventions on the health care organizational level hold promise to bring about more widespread, sustainable impact.MethodsThis study was a subanalysis of the 2021 National Social Care Practices Survey data set among pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) program directors (PDs) and fellows. The purpose was to investigate the association between health care organizational factors and PEM physician social care practices and perceptions among PEM PDs and fellows. We performed binary and ordinal logistic regressions of organizational factors and five specific PEM physician social care perspective and practice outcomes.ResultsThe sample population included 153 physicians—44 PDs (49% response rate) and 109 fellows (28%). PDs and fellows with access to a social care systematic workflow in their pediatric emergency department (PED) had higher odds of comfort assessing social risk (odds ratio [OR] 2.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–4.0), valuation of social care (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–7.9), preparedness to assist families (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.2), screening tendency (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.5), and ability to refer to community resources (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–4.6). A similarly directed, but less pronounced pattern was noted with access to a community resource database for referrals and 24‐h access to a social worker in the PED.ConclusionsPED organizational factors—particularly access to a social care systematic workflow—appear positively associated with PEM physician practices and perceptions of social care delivery. Further research is under way to advance understanding of PEM training factors in social care.
Broadening the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of MAF in three Chinese Han congenital cataracts families
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Qin Tingfeng , Tan Haowen , Ding Xiaoyan , Lin Xiaoshan , Li Jing , Lin Zhuolin , Sun Limei , Lin Haotian , Chen Weirong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPathogenic variants in the v‐maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue (MAF) encoding a transcription factor (from a unique subclass of basic leucine zipper transcription factors) are associated with isolated congenital cataracts (CCs) and Aymé–Gripp syndrome (AYGRPS). We collected detailed disease histories from, and performed comprehensive ophthalmic and systemic examinations in 269 patients with CCs; we then performed whole‐exome sequencing. Pathogenicity assessments were evaluated using multiple predictive tools. The clinical validities of the reported gene–disease relationships for MAF genes (MAF‐CCs and MAF‐AYGRPS) were assessed using the ClinGen gene curation framework. We identified two novel (c.173C>A, p.Thr58Asn and c.947T>C, p. Leu316Pro) variants and one known (c.173C>T, p.Thr58Ile) MAF missense variant in three patients. We described novel phenotypes including cleft palate, macular hypoplasia, and retinal neovascularization in the peripheral avascular area and analyzed the genotype–phenotype correlations. We demonstrated associations of variants in the MAF C‐terminal DNA‐binding domain with CCs and associations of variants in the N‐terminal transactivation domain of MAF with AYGRPS. We thus expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of the MAF gene. The ClinGen gene curation framework results suggested that variants in different domains of MAF are associated with different diseases.
Flexible polymeric biomaterials from epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized oleic acid, and citric acid as both a hardener and acid catalyst
Authors: Hood Christine , Ghazani Saeed Mirzaee , Marangoni Alejandro G. , Pensini Erica 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlexible bio‐based polymeric materials were produced by combining epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), aqueous citric acid solutions, and varying amounts of epoxidized oleic acid (EOA), followed by heating at 95°C for 24 h. Starting materials were analyzed by way of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H1 NMR), to confirm the conversion of double bonds in soybean oil or oleic acid to epoxides. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) was used to confirm the reaction of epoxide groups with citric acid and/or EOA. Tensile testing was done to determine the differences in Young's modulus between samples with varying amounts of EOA. Stiffness increased with decreasing EOA content. The stiffest sample (0% EOA) and most elastic sample (30% EOA) had a Young's modulus of 1.43 ± 0.19 MPa and 0.064 ± 0.004 MPa, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the glass transition temperature was below room temperature for all samples, and decreased with increasing EOA content.