bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Memoriam
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

The Volcanology, Geochemistry and Petrology (VGP) Section presented the following Outstanding Student Paper Awards at the AGU 1997 Fall Meeting in San Francisco, California, on last December.Ken Koga presented a poster on “Kinetics of Garnet to Spinel Facies Transformation and Trace Element Re‐distribution.” Ken graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1993 with a B.S. from the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences. He currently is at the MIT/WHOI Joint Program working towards a Ph.D. with Nobumichi Shimizu of WHOI and Timothy Grove of MIT. Ken's general interests include petrology and geochemistry of minerals in various magma generation processes. His thesis projects involve experimental investigations of the kinetics of solid‐state chemical reactions among upper minerals and geochemical consequences of these reactions.
Dealing with Y2K
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

In 17 months, the ball drops in New York's Times Square to usher in a new millennium and new year ending in the digits 00. However, internal clocks in computers around the world may recognize the date as 1900 rather than 2000 if governments and businesses drop the ball in dealing with a simple computer design flaw that has ballooned into a complex management issue of correcting billions of lines of computer code worldwide.In a speech at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C, in July, U.S. President Bill Clinton proposed new legislation to make it easier for the private sector to collaborate in solving this problem.
Outstanding student paper award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

The Planetology Section presented an outstanding student paper award to Julie Ann Rathbun at the AGU 1998 Spring Meeting in Boston, Mass., last May.Julie Ann Rathbun presented a paper titled “Ice Diapirs on Europa and Their Implications."” Julie received her B.S. degree in physics from the State University of New York at Buffalo in May 1994. She has an M.S. in astronomy from Cornell University that she received in July 1997. At present, she is working towards a Ph.D. in astronomy from Cornell under the direction of Steven Squyres. Julie's thesis topic is studying thermal upwellings on Venus and Europa using techniques developed for Coronae formation. She is doing this study in order to understand the subsurface structure of the bodies and how similar processes can differ in icy and rocky bodies. Work already accomplished toward this thesis are Magellan data used to model the formation of Beta Regio and Theia Mons, and Galileo data used to model the formation of small topographic domes to show that a liquid water ocean must have been present at the time of their formation.
In Memoriam
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

The Planetology Section presented an outstanding student paper award to Julie Ann Rathbun at the AGU 1998 Spring Meeting in Boston, Mass., last May.Julie Ann Rathbun presented a paper titled “Ice Diapirs on Europa and Their Implications."” Julie received her B.S. degree in physics from the State University of New York at Buffalo in May 1994. She has an M.S. in astronomy from Cornell University that she received in July 1997. At present, she is working towards a Ph.D. in astronomy from Cornell under the direction of Steven Squyres. Julie's thesis topic is studying thermal upwellings on Venus and Europa using techniques developed for Coronae formation. She is doing this study in order to understand the subsurface structure of the bodies and how similar processes can differ in icy and rocky bodies. Work already accomplished toward this thesis are Magellan data used to model the formation of Beta Regio and Theia Mons, and Galileo data used to model the formation of small topographic domes to show that a liquid water ocean must have been present at the time of their formation.
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

The Planetology Section presented an outstanding student paper award to Julie Ann Rathbun at the AGU 1998 Spring Meeting in Boston, Mass., last May.Julie Ann Rathbun presented a paper titled “Ice Diapirs on Europa and Their Implications."” Julie received her B.S. degree in physics from the State University of New York at Buffalo in May 1994. She has an M.S. in astronomy from Cornell University that she received in July 1997. At present, she is working towards a Ph.D. in astronomy from Cornell under the direction of Steven Squyres. Julie's thesis topic is studying thermal upwellings on Venus and Europa using techniques developed for Coronae formation. She is doing this study in order to understand the subsurface structure of the bodies and how similar processes can differ in icy and rocky bodies. Work already accomplished toward this thesis are Magellan data used to model the formation of Beta Regio and Theia Mons, and Galileo data used to model the formation of small topographic domes to show that a liquid water ocean must have been present at the time of their formation.
New ozone depleting chemical found
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

Scientists in Australia say they have discovered another chemical that is depleting the ozone in the upper atmosphere. They say it is not controlled by the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, and has an as‐yet unknown source.“The rapid growth of halon‐1202 comes as a surprise to us,” says Paul Frasier, an atmospheric scientist with Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO).
NASA helps reduce city hot spots
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

When researchers from NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., recently flew a thermal camera, mounted on a NASA aircraft, over Baton Rouge, La., Sacramento, Calif., and Salt Lake City, Utah, they took each city's temperature and produced an image that pinpoints the cities' “hot spots.”Now, the researchers are using the images to study what types of surfaces in cities contribute to bubble‐like accumulations of hot air, called urban heat islands. The bubbles of hot air develop over cities as naturally vegetated surfaces are replaced with asphalt, concrete, rooftops, and other man‐made materials.
Report calls for new fishing policies
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

A new report by the National Research Council says that in order to restore fish populations and protect ecosystems, fishery managers should develop policies aimed towardsubstantially reducing fishing. The report, “Sustaining Marine Fisheries,” calls for management plans that cover commercial fishing as well as recreational and subsistence fishing.The report also calls for more coastal and ocean areas to be designated as protected, nonfishing zones. Less than a quarter of one percent of coastal sea areas currently are designated as marine‐protected areas, but such areas can quickly restore populations of fish and other aquatic life, as well as reduce pollution, according to the report. More fishermen should be involved in planning and designating protected areas, the report adds.
Web adventures
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

While some people are plodding through snow or exploring distant reaches of the universe, students and other armchair adventurers can keep toasty while following along and learning some good science lessons.Lee Mauldin, a scientist with the National Center for Atmospheric Research, has created a Web site to update kids in very basic language about his 6‐week field study at the South Pole's Clean Air Facility.
Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy—Concepts and Applications‐SEPM Series‐Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology #7
Authors: Bartek Louis R. 
Published: September 2022

Sequence stratigraphy is branch of stratigraphy that is based upon using stratal patterns and stratal termination patterns to identify groups of strata that were deposited within the same interval and therefore genetically related. Its wide application in the 1980s and 1990s has provided new insight into the history and architecture of basin fill.In this book, H.W. Posamentier and G.P. Allen take sequence stratigraphic models developed in the 1970s and modified in the 1980s to a higher level. The authors state that their goal is to focus on remaining flexible and pragmatic in their presentation of how to conduct sequence stratigraphic analyses and to operate using the premise that any geologic interpretation that does not violate stratigraphic first principles is a reasonable solution. They emphasize that the nature of sequence development is controlled by a combination of variation in accommodation, sediment supply, and physiography, and that each can have a significant impact on sequence architecture. This is a departure from earlier work, where eustasy was assumed to be the dominant force in sequence development.
Suggestions for future CoOP research sought
Authors: Jahnke Richard A. 
Published: September 2022

The Coastal Ocean Processes (CoOP) Program works to improve the understanding of continental shelf dynamics and the physical, biological, chemical, and geological processes mediating material transport across shelf systems [Brink et al., 990, 1992; Roman, 1998]. Since the pilot project in 1992 (Table l), CoOP has grown steadily and currently supports 90 principal investigators. While the overall CoOP research strategy has categorized the different research programs by the physical processes influencing transport, CoOP is a fully integrated, interdisciplinary program (Figure 1).The CoOP Program is based on the central hypothesis that there exists a small set of fundamental processes that control transport on continental shelves, and that shelf systems are thereby distinguished by the relative importance of these processes. The overall strategy of CoOP has been to focus multidisciplinary process‐oriented research efforts at locations where individual factors such as tides, windforcing, freshwater inflow, and boundary currents impact transport processes and the biogeochemical and ecological characteristics of the study regions to different extents.
In Memoriam
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

Carl Max Hammond, Jr. died on September 11, 2001, at age 37. He had been an AGU member (Magnetospheric Physics) since 1988.He was a passenger on one of the hijacked commercial airlines that were crashed in New York City. Lester Machta died on August 31, 2001, at age 82. He was an AGU Fellow who joined in 1950.
Elucidation of divergent desaturation pathways in the formation of vinyl isonitrile and isocyanoacrylate
Authors: Kim Wantae , Chen Tzu-Yu , Cha Lide , Zhou Grace , Xing Kristi , Canty Nicholas Koenig , Zhang Yan , Chang Wei-chen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo different types of desaturations are employed by iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent (Fe/2OG) enzymes to construct vinyl isonitrile and isocyanoacrylate moieties found in isonitrile-containing natural products. A substrate-bound protein structure reveals a plausible strategy to affect desaturation and hints at substrate promiscuity of these enzymes. Analogs are synthesized and used as mechanistic probes to validate structural observations. Instead of proceeding through hydroxylated intermediate as previously proposed, a plausible carbocation species is utilized to trigger C=C bond installation. These Fe/2OG enzymes can also accommodate analogs with opposite chirality and different functional groups including isonitrile-(D)-tyrosine,N-formyl tyrosine, and phloretic acid, while maintaining the reaction selectivity.
Strong influence of north Pacific Ocean variability on Indian summer heatwaves
Authors: Hari Vittal , Ghosh Subimal , Zhang Wei , Kumar Rohini 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIncreased occurrence of heatwaves across different parts of the world is one of the characteristic signatures of anthropogenic warming. With a 1.3 billion population, India is one of the hot spots that experience deadly heatwaves during May-June – yet the large-scale physical mechanism and teleconnection patterns driving such events remain poorly understood. Here using observations and controlled climate model experiments, we demonstrate a significant footprint of the far-reaching Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) on the heatwave intensity (and duration) across North Central India (NCI) – the high risk region prone to heatwaves. A strong positive phase of PMM leads to a significant increase in heatwave intensity and duration over NCI (0.8-2 °C and 3–6 days;p < 0.05) and vice-versa. The current generation (CMIP6) climate models that adequately capture the PMM and their responses to NCI heatwaves, project significantly higher intensities of future heatwaves (0.5-1 °C;p < 0.05) compared to all model ensembles. These differences in the intensities of heatwaves could significantly increase the mortality (by ≈150%) and therefore can have substantial implications on designing the mitigation and adaptation strategies.
GCAF(TMEM251) regulates lysosome biogenesis by activating the mannose-6-phosphate pathway
Authors: Zhang Weichao , Yang Xi , Li Yingxiang , Yu Linchen , Zhang Bokai , Zhang Jianchao , Cho Woo Jung , Venkatarangan Varsha , Chen Liang , Burugula Bala Bharathi , Bui Sarah , Wang Yanzhuang , Duan Cunming , Kitzman Jacob O. , Li Ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) biosynthetic pathway for lysosome biogenesis has been studied for decades and is considered a well-understood topic. However, whether this pathway is regulated remains an open question. In a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen, we discover TMEM251 as the first regulator of the M6P modification. Deleting TMEM251 causes mistargeting of most lysosomal enzymes due to their loss of M6P modification and accumulation of numerous undigested materials. We further demonstrate that TMEM251 localizes to the Golgi and is required for the cleavage and activity of GNPT, the enzyme that catalyzes M6P modification. In zebrafish, TMEM251 deletion leads to severe developmental defects including heart edema and skeletal dysplasia, which phenocopies Mucolipidosis Type II. Our discovery provides a mechanism for the newly discovered human disease caused by TMEM251 mutations. We name TMEM251 as GNPTAB cleavage and activity factor (GCAF) and its related disease as Mucolipidosis Type V.
Microgel reinforced zwitterionic hydrogel coating for blood-contacting biomedical devices
Authors: Yao Mengmeng , Wei Zhijian , Li Junjin , Guo Zhicheng , Yan Zhuojun , Sun Xia , Yu Qingyu , Wu Xiaojun , Yu Chaojie , Yao Fanglian , Feng Shiqing , Zhang Hong , Li Junjie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractZwitterionic hydrogels exhibit eminent nonfouling and hemocompatibility. Several key challenges hinder their application as coating materials for blood-contacting biomedical devices, including weak mechanical strength and low adhesion to the substrate. Here, we report a poly(carboxybetaine) microgel reinforced poly(sulfobetaine) (pCBM/pSB) pure zwitterionic hydrogel with excellent mechanical robustness and anti-swelling properties. The pCBM/pSB hydrogel coating was bonded to the PVC substrate via the entanglement network between the pSB and PVC chain. Moreover, the pCBM/pSB hydrogel coating can maintain favorable stability even after 21 d PBS shearing, 0.5 h strong water flushing, 1000 underwater bends, and 100 sandpaper abrasions. Notably, the pCBM/pSB hydrogel coated PVC tubing can not only mitigate the foreign body response but also prevent thrombus formation ex vivo in rats and rabbits blood circulation without anticoagulants. This work provides new insights to guide the design of pure zwitterionic hydrogel coatings for biomedical devices.
Salivary orosomucoid 1 as a biomarker of hepatitis B associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Jiaoxia , Zheng Zhongling , Liu Tingting , Ao Yupei , Yang Yixuan , Hu Huaidong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSaliva is rich in proteins, DNA, RNA and microorganisms, and can be regarded as a biomarker library. In order to explore a noninvasive and simple means of early screening for liver cancer, proteomics was used to screen salivary markers of hepatitis B associated liver cancer. We used mass spectrometry coupled isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-technology to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Western blot, immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect marker expression of in tissues and saliva. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of the markers was analyzed through statistical analyses. By comparing the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) group with non-HCC groups, we screened out 152 salivary DEPs. We found orosomucoid 1(ORM1) had significantly higher expression in saliva of HCC patients compared with non-HCC groups (p < 0.001) and the expression of ORM1 in liver cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001). The combination of salivary ORM1 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) showed reasonable specificities and sensitivities for detecting HCC. In a word, salivary ORM1 as a new biomarker of hepatitis B associated hepatocellular carcinoma, combination of salivary ORM1 and AFP as an improved diagnostic tool for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Brain-correlates of processing local dependencies within a statistical learning paradigm
Authors: Tsogli Vera , Skouras Stavros , Koelsch Stefan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStatistical learning refers to the implicit mechanism of extracting regularities in our environment. Numerous studies have investigated the neural basis of statistical learning. However, how the brain responds to violations of auditory regularities based on prior (implicit) learning requires further investigation. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of processing events that are irregular based on learned local dependencies. A stream of consecutive sound triplets was presented. Unbeknown to the subjects, triplets were either (a) standard, namely triplets ending with a high probability sound or, (b) statistical deviants, namely triplets ending with a low probability sound. Participants (n = 33) underwent a learning phase outside the scanner followed by an fMRI session. Processing of statistical deviants activated a set of regions encompassing the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally, the right deep frontal operculum including lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and the right premotor cortex. Our results demonstrate that the violation of local dependencies within a statistical learning paradigm does not only engage sensory processes, but is instead reminiscent of the activation pattern during the processing of local syntactic structures in music and language, reflecting the online adaptations required for predictive coding in the context of statistical learning.
The impact of long-term memory on the climate response to greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Yuan Naiming , Franzke Christian L. E. , Xiong Feilin , Fu Zuntao , Dong Wenjie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal warming exerts a strong impact on the Earth system. Despite recent progress, Earth System Models still project a large range of possible warming levels. Here we employ a generalized stochastic climate model to derive a response operator which computes the global mean surface temperature given specific forcing scenarios to quantify the impact of past emissions on current warming. This approach enables us to systematically separate between the “forcing-induced direct” and the “memory-induced indirect” trends. Based on historical records, we find that the direct-forcing-response is weak, while we attribute the major portion of the observed global warming trend to the indirect-memory responses that are accumulated from past emissions. Compared to CMIP6 simulations, our data-driven approach projects lower global warming levels over the next few decades. Our results suggest that CMIP6 models may have a higher transient climate sensitivity than warranted from the observational record, due to them having larger long-term memory than observed.
The choanoflagellate pore-forming lectin SaroL-1 punches holes in cancer cells by targeting the tumor-related glycosphingolipid Gb3
Authors: Notova Simona , Bonnardel François , Rosato Francesca , Siukstaite Lina , Schwaiger Jessica , Lim Jia Hui , Bovin Nicolai , Varrot Annabelle , Ogawa Yu , Römer Winfried , Lisacek Frédérique , Imberty Anne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChoanoflagellates are primitive protozoa used as models for animal evolution. They express a large variety of multi-domain proteins contributing to adhesion and cell communication, thereby providing a rich repertoire of molecules for biotechnology. Adhesion often involves proteins adopting a β-trefoil fold with carbohydrate-binding properties therefore classified as lectins. Sequence database screening with a dedicated method resulted in TrefLec, a database of 44714 β-trefoil candidate lectins across 4497 species. TrefLec was searched for original domain combinations, which led to single out SaroL-1 in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta, that contains both β-trefoil and aerolysin-like pore-forming domains. Recombinant SaroL-1 is shown to bind galactose and derivatives, with a stronger affinity for cancer-related α-galactosylated epitopes such as the glycosphingolipid Gb3, when embedded in giant unilamellar vesicles or cell membranes. Crystal structures of complexes with Gb3 trisaccharide and GalNAc provided the basis for building a model of the oligomeric pore. Finally, recognition of the αGal epitope on glycolipids required for hemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes suggests that toxicity on cancer cells is achieved through carbohydrate-dependent pore-formation.
Structure of cyanobacterial photosystem I complexed with ferredoxin at 1.97 Å resolution
Authors: Li Jiannan , Hamaoka Noriyuki , Makino Fumiaki , Kawamoto Akihiro , Lin Yuxi , Rögner Matthias , Nowaczyk Marc M. , Lee Young-Ho , Namba Keiichi , Gerle Christoph , Kurisu Genji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotosystem I (PSI) is a light driven electron pump transferring electrons from Cytochrome c6 (Cyt c6) to Ferredoxin (Fd). An understanding of this electron transfer process is hampered by a paucity of structural detail concerning PSI:Fd interface and the possible binding sites of Cyt c6. Here we describe the high resolution cryo-EM structure of Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 PSI in complex with Fd and a loosely bound Cyt c6. Side chain interactions at the PSI:Fd interface including bridging water molecules are visualized in detail. The structure explains the properties of mutants of PsaE and PsaC that affect kinetics of Fd binding and suggests a molecular switch for the dissociation of Fd upon reduction. Calorimetry-based thermodynamic analyses confirms a single binding site for Fd and demonstrates that PSI:Fd complexation is purely driven by entropy. A possible reaction cycle for the efficient transfer of electrons from Cyt c6 to Fd via PSI is proposed.