bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contested diffusion of transformative innovations. Micro‐ and macrolevel social capital in South Tyrol
Authors: Holtkamp Carolin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe diffusion of radical transformative innovations is essential for a transition towards more sustainable food systems. However, scholars have paid little attention to the power struggles shaping this process. This article applies the concept of social capital to the multilevel perspective and uses qualitative data from field research and media analysis to investigate the case of a local food movement in South Tyrol, Italy. It poses the following question: How did the conventional regime in South Tyrol discourage transformative innovations to further their interests against the efforts of the movement? The results show that the movement built up microlevel social capital to diffuse transformative innovations. Conventional regime actors used existing macrolevel social capital to inhibit transformative innovations and promote gradual innovations instead. The article argues that radical transformative and gradual innovations were mutually exclusive in the case under study and therefore caused intense power conflicts. It concludes with recommendations for future research.
Evaluation of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta catheter placement and comparison to resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic clamping in cadaver dogs
Authors: Reich Colin F. , Levy Nyssa A. , Beal Matthew W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe placement of an aortic occlusion catheter in aortic zone 1 (Z1) and aortic zone 3 (Z3) in dogs and to compare time to placement in these zones with and without external chest compressions (ECC). Additional evaluations of time to placement in Z1 with time for resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic clamping (RT‐AC) were performed.DesignProspective ex vivo study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTen canine cadavers.InterventionsTen cadaver dogs were obtained from client donation after euthanasia. Cadavers were randomized to have balloon catheter placement into the right or left femoral artery via cutdown, with or without ECC. The xiphoid was used as an external anatomical landmark for Z1, and the spinous process of the 5th lumbar vertebra was used for Z3. Balloon placement was confirmed with radiography. Time to balloon placement in Z1 and Z3 and time to RT‐AC were recorded.Measurements and Main ResultsMedian body weight was 23.5 kg (9–40 kg). Median time to Z1 placement was 6.6 minutes (4.6–12.4 minutes) with ECC and 6.9 minutes (3.3–13.1 minutes) without ECC and was not statistically different (P = 0.5). Median time to RT‐AC was 1 minute (0.6–1.4 minutes), which was significantly faster than time to balloon placement in Z1 with or without ECC (P = 0.004 and P = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsEndovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta can be achieved by cutdown with and without ECC, but RT‐AC is faster. Successful balloon position in Z1 could be achieved with knowledge of external anatomical landmarks, but landmarks for Z3 need further study.
Oral saliva swab reverse transcription PCR for Covid-19 in the paediatric population
Authors: Moraleda Cinta , Domínguez-Rodríguez Sara , Mesa Juan Miguel , García-Sánchez Paula , de la Serna María , Alonso-Cadenas José Antonio , Bermejo Amanda , Sabrido Gema , Martínez-Campos Leticia , González-Posada Aránzazu Flavia , Illán-Ramos Marta , Cobos-Carrascosa Elena , Ballesteros Álvaro , Galán Juan Carlos , Llorente Francisco , Aguilera-Alonso David , Jiménez Ana Belén , Catalán Pilar , Dahdouh Elias , Navarro Ignacio , Fernández-Garoz Bárbara , Mendoza Pablo , Pérez-Jorge Concepción , Cabezas-Fernández Teresa , Blázquez-Gamero Daniel , Rivas Gonzalo , Gonzalez-Donapetry Patricia , Sáez Elena , Fernández-Pinero Jovita , Lucas-Fernández Jesús , Pérez-Ramírez Elisa , Merino Paloma , Miragaya Sandra , Lorente Jorge , Iglesias Irene , Tagarro Alfredo 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of oral saliva swab (OSS) reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) compared with RT-PCR and antigen rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) on nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) for SARS-CoV-2 in children.DesignCross-sectional multicentre diagnostic study.SettingStudy nested in a prospective, observational cohort (EPICO-AEP) performed between February and March 2021 including 10 hospitals in Spain.PatientsChildren from 0 to 18 years with symptoms compatible with Covid-19 of ≤5 days of duration were included. Two NPS samples (Ag-RDT and RT-PCR) and one OSS sample for RT-PCR were collected.Main outcomePerformance of Ag-RDT and RT-PCR on NPS and RT-PCR on OSS sample for SARS-CoV-2.Results1174 children were included, aged 3.8 years (IQR 1.7–9.0); 73/1174 (6.2%) patients tested positive by at least one of the techniques. Sensitivity and specificity of OSS RT-PCR were 72.1% (95% CI 59.7 to 81.9) and 99.6% (95% CI 99 to 99.9), respectively, versus 61.8% (95% CI 49.1 to 73) and 99.9% (95% CI 99.4 to 100) for the Ag-RDT. Kappa index was 0.79 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.88) for OSS RT-PCR and 0.74 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.84) for Ag-RDT versus NPS RT-PCR.ConclusionsRT-PCR on the OSS sample is an accurate option for SARS-CoV-2 testing in children. A less intrusive technique for younger patients, who usually are tested frequently, might increase the number of patients tested.
Impact of interstitial lung abnormalities on postoperative pulmonary complications and survival of lung cancer
Authors: Im Yunjoo , Chung Man Pyo , Lee Kyung Soo , Han Joungho , Chung Myung Jin , Kim Hong Kwan , Cho Jong Ho , Choi Yong Soo , Park Sujin , Kim Ho Joong , Kwon O Jung , Park Boram , Yoo Hongseok 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundInterstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are associated with the risk of lung cancer and its mortality. However, the impact of ILA on treatment-related complications and survival in patients who underwent curative surgery is still unknown.Research questionThis study aimed to evaluate the significance of the presence of computed tomography-diagnosed ILA and histopathologically matched interstitial abnormalities on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and the long-term survival of patients who underwent surgical treatment for lung cancer.Study design and methodsA matched case–control study was designed to compare PPCs and mortality among 50 patients with ILA, 50 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 200 controls. Cases and controls were matched by sex, age, smoking history, tumour location, the extent of surgery, tumour histology and pathological TNM stage.ResultsCompared with the control group, the OR of the prevalence of PPCs increased to 9.56 (95% CI 2.85 to 32.1, p<0.001) in the ILA group and 56.50 (95% CI 17.92 to 178.1, p<0.001) in the IPF group. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of the control, ILA and IPF groups were 76% (95% CI 71% to 83%), 52% (95% CI 37% to 74%) and 32% (95% CI 19% to 53%), respectively (log-rank p<0.001). Patients with ILA had better 5-year OS than those with IPF (log-rank p=0.046) but had worse 5-year OS than those in the control group (log-rank p=0.002).ConclusionsThe presence of radiological and pathological features of ILA in patients with lung cancer undergoing curative surgery was associated with frequent complications and decreased survival.
Ultra-low-dose CT versus chest X-ray for patients suspected of pulmonary disease at the emergency department: a multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: van den Berk Inge A H , Kanglie Maadrika M N P , van Engelen Tjitske S R , Altenburg Josje , Annema Jouke T , Beenen Ludo F M , Boerrigter Bart , Bomers Marije K , Bresser Paul , Eryigit Elvin , Groenink Maarten , Hochheimer Suzanne M R , Holleman Frits , Kooter Jos A J , van Loon Ramon B , Keijzers Mitran , van der Lee Ivo , Luijendijk Paul , Meijboom Lilian J , Middeldorp Saskia , Schijf Laura J , Soetekouw Robin , Sprengers Ralf W , Montauban van Swijndregt Alexander D , de Monyé Wouter , Ridderikhof Milan L , Winter Michiel M , Bipat Shandra , Dijkgraaf Marcel G W , Bossuyt Patrick M M , Prins Jan M , Stoker Jaap 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundChest CT displays chest pathology better than chest X-ray (CXR). We evaluated the effects on health outcomes of replacing CXR by ultra-low-dose chest-CT (ULDCT) in the diagnostic work-up of patients suspected of non-traumatic pulmonary disease at the emergency department.MethodsPragmatic, multicentre, non-inferiority randomised clinical trial in patients suspected of non-traumatic pulmonary disease at the emergency department. Between 31 January 2017 and 31 May 2018, every month, participating centres were randomly allocated to using ULDCT or CXR. Primary outcome was functional health at 28 days, measured by the Short Form (SF)-12 physical component summary scale score (PCS score), non-inferiority margin was set at 1 point. Secondary outcomes included hospital admission, hospital length of stay (LOS) and patients in follow-up because of incidental findings.Results2418 consecutive patients (ULDCT: 1208 and CXR: 1210) were included. Mean SF-12 PCS score at 28 days was 37.0 for ULDCT and 35.9 for CXR (difference 1.1; 95% lower CI: 0.003). After ULDCT, 638/1208 (52.7%) patients were admitted (median LOS of 4.8 days; IQR 2.1–8.8) compared with 659/1210 (54.5%) patients after CXR (median LOS 4.6 days; IQR 2.1–8.8). More ULDCT patients were in follow-up because of incidental findings: 26 (2.2%) versus 4 (0.3%).ConclusionsShort-term functional health was comparable between ULDCT and CXR, as were hospital admissions and LOS, but more incidental findings were found in the ULDCT group. Our trial does not support routine use of ULDCT in the work-up of patients suspected of non-traumatic pulmonary disease at the emergency department.Trial registration numberNTR6163.
Early stages of decay in Eucalyptus grandis trees inoculated with brown-rot fungi
Authors: Benítez Valentina , Camargo Álvaro , Raimonda Pablo , Mantero Carlos , Ibáñez Claudia Marcela 
Published: June 2022

In natural ecosystems, brown-rot fungi are major biodegrading agents of standing trees and dead wood. Decay caused by basidiomycetes results in structural instability and therefore negatively affects the quality and quantity of the produced wood. Fungal attack can also trigger defense mechanisms within the tree aimed at delaying or halting the progress of infection. As these defense mechanisms can decrease the value of the wood, their identification and study are of foremost importance. In this work, healthy trees of Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill — a widely commercialized species in Uruguay — were inoculated with Laetiporus sulphureus and Gloeophyllum trabeum. The decay process was characterized in terms of chemical and anatomical changes, and the defense mechanisms elicited by the tree were identified. Three months after inoculation, no symptoms of infection could be detected with the naked eye; however, microscopic analysis revealed anatomical and chemical changes (weakening, delamination, and rupture of vascular and parenchymal cells) and decreased holocellulose and lignin contents. Compartmentalization and the production of kino were used by the tree as defense mechanisms.
Solutions of the Ortvay Rudolf International Competition in Physics: Self-Observation in Space (2017/40 Problem)
Authors: Ákos Gombkötő 
Published: June 2022

This paper is the second in a series of published solutions1 discussing problems of the Ortvay Rudolf international competition. The problem treated below is a simple exercise about grasping the fundamental aspects of a given phenomenon described within a qualitative “verbal” report and applying the principles learned in classical mechanics and geometric optics in order to explain its mechanism. The most important part of such problems is the interpretation of the phenomenon at hand, which naturally has a certain degree of vagueness, often allowing multiple scenarios. Similar tasks are often encountered, i.e. at the conceptual level of engineering and design. In this case, the problem can be interpreted most straightforwardly as the description of an optical phenomenon in which a free-falling observer sees (presumably) its own delayed optical image. Here, we will focus on one concrete solution, the calculation of which does not use mathematical techniques beyond those expected of first-year university students.
Urinary Biomarkers in Charcoal Workers Exposed to Wood Smoke in Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Kato Mina , Loomis Dana , Brooks Lance M. , Gattas Gilka F.J. , Gomes Leni , Carvalho Albertinho B. , Rego Marco A.V. , DeMarini David M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Charcoal is an important source of energy for domestic and industrial use in many countries. Brazil is the largest producer of charcoal in the world, with ∼350,000 workers linked to the production and transportation of charcoal. To evaluate the occupational exposure to wood smoke and potential genotoxic effects on workers in charcoal production, we studied urinary mutagenicity in Salmonella YG1041 +S9 and urinary levels of 2-naphthol and 1-pyrenol in 154 workers of northeastern Bahia. Workers were classified into three categories according to their working location, and information about socio-demographic data, diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking was obtained using a standard questionnaire. Spot urine samples were collected to evaluate urinary mutagenicity and urinary metabolites. Urinary mutagenicity increased significantly with exposure to wood smoke and was modified by smoking. The prevalence odds ratio was 5.31, and the 95% confidence interval was 1.85; 15.27 for urinary mutagenicity in the highly exposed group relative to the nonexposed group. The levels of urinary metabolites increased monotonically with wood smoke exposure and were associated with the GSTM1 null genotype, which was determined previously. The prevalence odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for higher levels of 2-naphtol among the highly exposed was 17.13 (6.91; 42.44) and for 1-hydroxyprene 11.55 (5.32; 25.08) when compared with nonexposed workers. Urinary 2-naphthol was the most sensitive indicator of wood smoke exposure. This is the first reported measurement of internal exposure to wood smoke among charcoal workers, and the results showed that these workers receive a systemic exposure to genotoxic compounds.
Diet and Melanoma in a Case-Control Study
Authors: Millen Amy E. , Tucker Margaret A. , Hartge Patricia , Halpern Allan , Elder David E. , Guerry DuPont , Holly Elizabeth A. , Sagebiel Richard W. , Potischman Nancy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Malignant melanoma has been one of the most rapidly increasing cancers within the United States with few modifiable risk factors. This study investigates risk related to dietary factors, which are potentially modifiable. Methods: Newly diagnosed patients with melanoma (n = 502) were recruited from pigment lesion clinics and controls (n = 565) were recruited from outpatient clinics. To investigate the relationship between melanoma and dietary factors in this case-control study, study subjects were requested to complete a food frequency questionnaire, which assessed diet over the previous year. Using logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) for melanoma were computed for nutrient and alcohol intake. Results: Persons in high versus low quintiles of energy-adjusted vitamin D, α-carotene, β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, and lycopene had significantly reduced risk for melanoma (ORs ≤ 0.67), which remained after adjustment for presence of dysplastic nevi, education, and skin response to repeated sun exposure. Addition of micronutrients from supplements did not add an additional reduction in risk. High alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk for melanoma, which remained after adjustment for confounders [OR (95% confidence interval) in highest versus lowest quintiles, 1.65 (1.09-2.49)]. Conclusions: Diets consisting of foods rich in vitamin D and carotenoids and low in alcohol may be associated with a reduction in risk for melanoma. These analyses should be repeated in large, prospective studies.
Characterization of BRCAA1 and Its Novel Antigen Epitope Identification
Authors: Cui Daxiang , Jin Guiqiu , Gao Tianwen , Sun Tianbai , Tian Furong , Estrada Giovani Gomez , Gao Huajian , Sarai Akinori 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLooking for novel breast cancer antigen epitopes is helpful for its treatment, diagnosis, and prevention. brcaa1 gene is mapped at 1q42.1-q43, its whole genome is 93.857 kb, including 18 exons and 17 introns. BRCAA1 protein is composed of 1,214 amino acids with 10 glycosylate sites, and shares 37% amino acid identity and an identical antigen epitope with Rb binding protein 1. The novel antigen epitope, SSKKQKRSHK, was predicted to locate in the region 610 to 619 sites, was synthesized, and its antibody was fabricated. Competent inhibition analysis showed that SSKKQKRSHK is the shortest effective peptide. The antigen epitope was mapped in the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the antigen epitope exhibited positive expression in 65% (39 of 60) breast cancer specimens and negative expression in 60 non-cancerous tissues. Statistical analysis shows that its expression is closely associated with status of ER and PR, with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 81%, and confidence interval of 85.9% to 96.9%. ELISA analysis showed that the mean absorbance of sera antibody titers from breast cancer patients and healthy donors were 0401 ± 0.163 SD and 0.137 ± 0.121 SD, respectively. Sixty-four percent breast cancer patient sera and 13% healthy donor sera had higher titer than mean titer of healthy donors, and there exists significant difference between breast cancer patients and healthy donors (P &lt; 0.001). In this study, a novel breast cancer antigen epitope, SSKKQKRSHK, is identified. Its expression is associated with characteristics that are themselves associated with prognosis of breast cancer, and its sera antibody level may be helpful for breast cancer diagnosis.
Irreversible Ototoxicity Associated with Difluoromethylornithine
Authors: Lao Christopher D. , Backoff Patricia , Shotland Lawrence I. , McCarty Deborah , Eaton Tracy , Ondrey Frank G. , Viner Jaye L. , Spechler Stuart Jon , Hawk Ernest T. , Brenner Dean E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is a potent, irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of polyamines that promote cellular proliferation. DFMO has been tested as a potential cancer therapeutic and chemopreventive agent in clinical trials. Reversible hearing loss is a recognized toxicity of DFMO that usually occurs at doses above 2 g/m2/d, and generally when the cumulative dose exceeds 250 g/m2. In a recently completed Barrett's esophagus chemoprevention trial, a participant developed a 15-dB decrease in hearing at frequencies of 250, 2,000, and 3,000 Hz in the right ear and a ≥20-dB decrease in hearing at 4,000 to 6,000 Hz in the left ear after taking 0.5 g/m2/d DFMO for approximately 13 weeks (cumulative dose of 45 g/m2). The threshold shifts persisted 7 months after DFMO was discontinued. There was no obvious impact on the participant's clinical hearing, but these findings were consistent with irreversible hearing loss. This is the first case reported of irreversible ototoxicity in a clinical trial participant receiving DFMO and, thus, trial participants should be made aware of this small but important risk.
Associations between Reproductive and Menstrual Factors and Postmenopausal Sex Hormone Concentrations
Authors: Chubak Jessica , Tworoger Shelley S. , Yasui Yutaka , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Stanczyk Frank Z. , McTiernan Anne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Reproductive and menstrual characteristics, as well as high circulating estrogen concentrations, are associated with risk of hormone-related cancers in postmenopausal women. To explore possible etiologic relationships between menstrual/reproductive characteristics and risk of hormone-related cancers, we examined associations between menstrual/reproductive factors and serum concentrations of free estradiol, total estradiol, estrone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). This study was conducted in 173 postmenopausal women using data from the prerandomization visit of an exercise clinical trial. Participants were sedentary, overweight/obese, and not on hormone therapy. Women ≥20 years past menopause had 23% lower total estradiol and 30% lower free estradiol concentrations than women within 4 years of menopause (P for trend = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Nulliparous women had 19% higher FSH concentrations than parous women (P = 0.02). Among parous women, parity was positively associated with SHBG and negatively associated with free estradiol concentrations. Women with ≥4 children had 20% lower free estradiol and 38% higher SHBG concentrations compared with women with one birth (P for trend = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). Total number of months spent breast-feeding was modestly and inversely associated with serum FSH concentrations (P for trend = 0.07). Our results suggest that menstrual/reproductive characteristics may be associated with postmenopausal hormone concentrations; verification of these results in other studies may elucidate how these variables influence risk of hormone-related cancers.
Childhood Social Environment and Hodgkin's Lymphoma: New Findings from a Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Chang Ellen T. , Zheng Tongzhang , Weir Edward G. , Borowitz Michael , Mann Risa B. , Spiegelman Donna , Mueller Nancy E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground: Risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma in young adults has previously been associated with higher childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and other markers of delayed infection with common childhood pathogens, especially the Epstein-Barr virus. This study examines the current role of childhood social environment in the development of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Methods: A population-based case-control study of 565 Hodgkin's lymphoma cases and 679 controls was conducted in the Boston, MA metropolitan area and the state of Connecticut to investigate the viral etiology of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results: A novel association was detected between attendance of nursery school or day care and reduced risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma among individuals ages 15 to 54 years. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for having attended preschool for at least 1 year was 0.64 (0.45-0.92). Risk of young-adult Hodgkin's lymphoma was also associated with family history of hematopoietic cancer, Jewish ethnicity, and cigarette smoking. Other indicators of childhood SES were not associated with young-adult Hodgkin's lymphoma. Among older adults ages 55 to 79 years, Hodgkin's lymphoma was associated with lower childhood SES but not with preschool attendance. Conclusions: Early exposure to other children at nursery school and day care seems to decrease the risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma in young adults, most likely by facilitating childhood exposure to common infections and promoting maturation of cellular immunity. This finding supports the delayed infection model of Hodgkin's lymphoma etiology in young adults while introducing a new major determinant of age at infection. Hodgkin's lymphoma seems to have a separate pathogenesis among older adults.