bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Health Outcomes in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Genetic Epidemiology Study
Authors: Clarke Sarah L. N. , Richmond Rebecca C. , Zheng Jie , Spiller Wes , Ramanan Athimalaipet V. , Sharp Gemma C. , Relton Caroline L. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common pediatric rheumatic disease; however, little is known about its wider health impacts. This study explores health outcomes associated with JIA genetic liability.MethodsWe used publicly available genetic data sets to interrogate the genetic correlation between JIA and 832 other health‐related traits using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Two‐sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) was used to examine four genetic correlates for evidence of causality.ResultsWe found robust evidence (adjusted P [Padj] < 0.05) of genetic correlation between JIA and rheumatoid arthritis (genetic correlation [rg] = 0.63, Padj = 0.029), hypothyroidism/myxedema (rg = 0.61, Padj = 0.041), celiac disease (CD) (rg = 0.58, Padj = 0.032), systemic lupus erythematosus (rg = 0.40, Padj = 0.032), coronary artery disease (CAD) (rg = 0.42, Padj = 0.006), number of noncancer illnesses (rg = 0.42, Padj = 0.016), paternal health (rg = 0.57, Padj = 0.032), and strenuous sports (rg = −0.52, Padj = 0.032). 2SMR analyses found robust evidence that genetic liability to JIA was causally associated with the number of noncancer illnesses reported by UK Biobank (UKBB) participants (increase of 0.03 noncancer illnesses per doubling odds of JIA, 95% confidence interval 0.01‐0.05).ConclusionThis study illustrates genetic sharing between JIA and a diversity of health outcomes. The causal association between genetic liability to JIA and noncancer illnesses suggests a need for broader health assessments of patients with JIA to reduce their potential comorbid burden. The strength of genetic correlation with hypothyroidism and CD implies that patients with JIA may benefit from CD and thyroid function screening. Strong positive genetic correlation between JIA and CAD supports the need for cardiovascular risk assessment and risk factor modification.
From p‐ to n‐Type Mixed Conduction in Isoindigo‐Based Polymers through Molecular Design
Authors: Parr Zachary S. , Borges‐González Jorge , Rashid Reem B. , Thorley Karl J. , Meli Dilara , Paulsen Bryan D. , Strzalka Joseph , Rivnay Jonathan , Nielsen Christian B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOrganic mixed ionic and electronic conductors are of significant interest for bioelectronic applications. Here, three different isoindigoid building blocks are used to obtain polymeric mixed conductors with vastly different structural and electronic properties which can be further fine‐tuned through the choice of comonomer unit. This work shows how careful design of the isoindigoid scaffold can afford highly planar polymer structures with high degrees of electronic delocalization, while subtle structural modifications can control the dominant charge carrier (hole or electron) when probed in organic electrochemical transistors. A combination of experimental and computational techniques is employed to probe electrochemical, structural, and mixed ionic and electronic properties of the polymer series which in turn allows the derivation of important structure–property relations for this promising class of materials in the context of organic bioelectronics. Ultimately, these findings are used to outline robust molecular‐design strategies for isoindigo‐based mixed conductors that can support efficient p‐type, n‐type, and ambipolar transistor operation in an aqueous environment.
Direct Synthesis of Photosensitizable Bacterial Cellulose as Engineered Living Material for Skin Wound Repair
Authors: Liu Xingang , Wu Min , Wang Meng , Hu Qida , Liu Jingjing , Duan Yukun , Liu Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLiving materials based on bacterial cellulose (BC) represent a natural and promising candidate for wound dressing. Both physical adsorption and chemical methods have been applied to BC for realizing antibacterial function. However, effective and long‐lasting incorporation of bactericidal moieties to BC remains challenging. Herein, a Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans‐based direct synthetic method to fabricate photosensitizer‐grafted BC through in situ bacterial metabolism in the presence of TPEPy‐modified glucose is explored. The results verify that the direct biosynthesis method is efficient and convenient to endow BC with outstanding fluorescence and light‐triggered photodynamic bactericidal activity for skin wound repair. This work presents a new approach to fabricate eco‐friendly and active wound dressing with light‐controlled bactericidal activity by microbial metabolism. The successful modification of the glucose carbon source of microorganisms also offers insights for biosyntheses of other living materials through microbial metabolism.
Combined Extraction and Ethanol Organosolv Fractionation of Exhausted Olive Pomace for Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Gómez‐Cruz Irene , Romero Inmaculada , Contreras María del Mar , Labidi Jalel , Hernández‐Ramos Fabio , Roseiro Luisa B. , Duarte Luís C. , Castro Eulogio , Carvalheiro Florbela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe olive pomace oil extracting industry generates large amounts of exhausted olive pomace (EOP), a lignocellulosic waste that needs to be managed according to sustainable criteria. The aim of this work is to devise an integrated strategy to valorize EOP by applying two‐step extraction, and to evaluate the effect of an ethanol organosolv pretreatment on the delignification and enzymatic hydrolysis of the extracted EOP. Once the extraction and organosolv pretreatment conditions are selected, solubilized lignin is recovered from the pretreatment liquor using different methods. In addition to those organosolv lignin samples, a lignin‐rich solid is obtained after enzymatic saccharification of the pretreated solid. All the lignin samples are fully characterized aiming at further valorization. The selected two‐step aqueous extraction (85 °C, 90 min, 10% biomass) removes 89% of the extractives content in raw EOP and achieves the full recovery of phenols and mannitol content in that fraction, 4.7 mg gallic acid equivalents per g EOP and 4.5 mg g−1 EOP, respectively. The organosolv pretreatment (50% ethanol catalyzed with 1% H2SO4, 140 °C, 60 min, 15% biomass) results in a delignified solid with 81% of enzymatic digestibility and a high purity organosolv lignin (>71%), rich in guaiacyl units.
Boron‐Rich Boron Nitride Nanotubes as Highly Selective Adsorbents for Selected Diatomic Air Pollutants: A DFT Study
Authors: Bae Hyeonhu , Hussain Tanveer , Choi Heechol , Lee Hoonkyung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBoron‐rich boron nitride nanotubes (BN‐BNNTs), which have boron antisite defects (BN), adsorb gas molecules more favorably as compared to their pristine counterparts because of the localized states of antisites. Using computational chemistry methods, the structural, adsorptive, and electronic properties of selected diatomic air pollutants (CO, NO, and SO) on BN‐BNNT (8,0), with a particular focus on the antisites, are investigated. It is found that CO adsorbs on BN with 180° angle (∠BNCO) while NO and SO adsorb with 142° angle (∠BNNO) and 116° angle (∠BNSO), respectively. This difference is ascribed to the repulsive interaction originated from lone pair electrons on N and S. Adsorption energy of CO, NO, and SO molecules dominates over that of O2 and N2 and is independent of their radii of BN‐BNNTs. The practical capacity of these pollutant molecules is calculated to be ≈5 mmol g–1 (14 wt%) under ambient conditions. Therefore, our results show that BN‐BNNT can be used as a highly selective adsorbent for diatomic air pollutants. BN‐BNNT as sensing materials in terms of change in bandgap and work function through the adsorption is also discussed.
Identification of a STIM1 Splicing Variant that Promotes Glioblastoma Growth
Authors: Xie Jiansheng , Ma Guolin , Zhou Lijuan , He Lian , Zhang Zhao , Tan Peng , Huang Zixian , Fang Shaohai , Wang Tianlu , Lee Yi‐Tsang , Wen Shufan , Siwko Stefan , Wang Liuqing , Liu Jindou , Du Yangchun , Zhang Ningxia , Liu Xiaoxuan , Han Leng , Huang Yun , Wang Rui , Wang Youjun , Zhou Yubin , Han Weidong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeregulated store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) mediated by aberrant STIM1‐ORAI1 signaling is closely implicated in cancer initiation and progression. Here the authors report the identification of an alternatively spliced variant of STIM1, designated STIM1β, that harbors an extra exon to encode 31 additional amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain. STIM1β, highly conserved in mammals, is aberrantly upregulated in glioma tissues to perturb Ca2+ signaling. At the molecular level, the 31‐residue insertion destabilizes STIM1β by perturbing its cytosolic inhibitory domain and accelerating its activation kinetics to efficiently engage and gate ORAI calcium channels. Functionally, STIM1β depletion affects SOCE in glioblastoma cells, suppresses tumor cell proliferation and growth both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, their study establishes a splicing variant‐specific tumor‐promoting role of STIM1β that can be potentially targeted for glioblastoma intervention.
Flow physics of planar bistable fluidic oscillator with backflow limbs
Authors: Madane Ketan , Khalde Chirag , Pandit Ajinkya , Ranade Vivek V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFluidic oscillators (FOs) are used in a variety of applications, including process control and process intensification. Despite the simple design and operation of FOs, the fluid dynamics of FOs exhibit rich complexities. The inherently unstable flow, jet oscillations, and resulting vortices influence mixing and other transport processes. In this work, we computationally investigated the fluid dynamics of a new design of a planar FO with backflow limbs. The design comprised of two symmetric backflow limbs leading to bistable flow. The unsteady flow dynamics, internal recirculation, jet oscillations, secondary flow vortices were computationally studied over a range of inlet Reynolds numbers (2400–12,000). The nature and frequency of the jet oscillations were quantified. The computed jet oscillation frequency was compared with the experimentally measured (using imaging techniques) jet oscillation frequency. The flow model was then used to quantitatively understand mixing, heat transfer, and residence time distribution. The approach and the results presented in this work will provide a basis for designing FO's with desired flow and transport characteristics for various engineering applications.
Ein DNA‐basierter exzitonischer Zweikomponenten‐Schalter auf der Grundlage von Hochleistungs‐Diarylethenen
Authors: Büllmann Simon M. , Kolmar Theresa , Zorn Nicolas F. , Zaumseil Jana , Jäschke Andres 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNukleosidische Diarylethene (DAEs) sind eine zunehmend beachtete Klasse von Photochromen, wurden aber bisher kaum in den Materialwissenschaften angewandt. Hier haben wir neue, doppelt methylierte 2′‐Desoxyuridin‐basierte DAEs mit hoher Thermostabilität und Reversibilität entwickelt, die deutlich leistungsfähiger als ihre Vorgänger sind. Um ihre Nützlichkeit zu demonstrieren, haben wir einen rein optischen exzitonischen Schalter entwickelt, der aus zwei Oligonukleotiden besteht: ein Strang enthält ein fluorogenes doppelt methyliertes 2′‐Desoxyuridin als Fluoreszenzdonor und der andere ein tricyclisches Cytidin (tC) als Akzeptor. In Kombination bilden diese ein hocheffizientes konditionales Förster‐Resonanz‐Energie‐Transfer (FRET)‐Paar. Das System wurde in Lösung und in der Festphase getestet und zeigte einen starken abstands‐ und orientierungsabhängigen photochromen FRET. Das System wurde mit hervorragendem An/Aus‐Kontrast über 100mal ohne Ermüdungserscheinungen geschaltet.
Topochemical Synthesis of a Heterochiral Peptide Polymer in Different Polymorphic Forms from Crystals and Aerogels
Authors: Rai Rishika , Sureshan Kana M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe have designed a heterochiral dipeptide monomer (N3‐D‐Ala‐L‐Val‐NHCH2C≡CH) modified with an azide group and an alkyne at its termini for topochemical azide–alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) polymerization. We obtained two different polymorphs: PI (P21) from a DCM–toluene mixture, and PII (P‐1) from a hexane–ethyl acetate mixture. PI adopts parallel β‐sheet packing, and PII adopts antiparallel β‐sheet packing. In both the cases, molecules from adjacent β‐stacks are arranged in a head‐to‐tail manner. On heating, the polymorphs underwent TAAC reaction to form linear polymers having parallel β‐sheet‐like ordering (PI) and an antiparallel β‐sheet structure (PII). PI reacted spontaneously at room temperature and the crystals showed cracking after the reaction, but PII was intact even after complete reaction. The dipeptide congealed various solvents, and the aerogels were identical to PI. These aerogels also underwent spontaneous TAAC reaction at room temperature to yield a pseudoprotein with alternate D‐ and L‐amino acids.
A DNA‐Based Two‐Component Excitonic Switch Utilizing High‐Performance Diarylethenes
Authors: Büllmann Simon M. , Kolmar Theresa , Zorn Nicolas F. , Zaumseil Jana , Jäschke Andres 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNucleosidic diarylethenes (DAEs) are an emerging class of photochromes but have rarely been used in materials science. Here, we have developed doubly methylated DAEs derived from 2′‐deoxyuridine with high thermal stability and fatigue resistance. These new photoswitches not only outperform their predecessors but also rival classical non‐nucleosidic DAEs. To demonstrate the utility of these new DAEs, we have designed an all‐optical excitonic switch consisting of two oligonucleotides: one strand containing a fluorogenic double‐methylated 2′‐deoxyuridine as a fluorescence donor and the other a tricyclic cytidine (tC) as acceptor, which together form a highly efficient conditional Förster‐Resonance‐Energy‐Transfer (FRET) pair. The system was operated in liquid and solid phases and showed both strong distance‐ and orientation‐dependent photochromic FRET. The superior ON/OFF contrast was maintained over up to 100 switching cycles, with no detectable fatigue.
Role of polymer‐filler interaction on Mg(OH)2 and alumina trihydrate‐loaded ethylene propylene diene monomer based polymer composite for high voltage insulation application
Authors: Rizwan Mohammed , Chandan Mohammed Rehaan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUse of polymer composite as a high voltage insulator material is currently under investigation for its commercial application, longer durability, and cost effectiveness. This work probes the effect of polymer‐filler interaction on mechanical, morphological, thermal and dielectric properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) based polymer composite. EPDM composites were successfully prepared using two roll‐mill and vulcanized in a hot press compression mold. Surface morphology indicates uniform dispersion of filler at lower filler loading, whereas at higher loading cluster/agglomeration was observed. 30 phr magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) loaded sample showed the highest static contact angle of 102.3°. Mg(OH)2 based samples show higher tensile strength because of strong interfacial interaction between filler and polymer. In addition, alumina trihydrate (ATH) and Mg(OH)2 based composite exhibit high thermal stability with initial thermal degradation temperature of ~200 and ~320°C, respectively. FTIR spectrum reveals the formation of strong –OH bonds between Mg(OH)2 and polymer molecules. A maximum enhancement in dielectric breakdown strength of ~50% and ~30% were recorded for 60 phr ATH and 30 phr Mg(OH)2 loaded EPDM composites respectively. Finally, the results indicate a strong possibility of developing EPDM based polymer composites as an efficient high voltage insulator.
Tribological performances of cellulose nanocrystals in water‐based lubricating fluid
Authors: Da Rocha Pollyana Grazielle Luz , De Oliveira Matheus Gonçalves Leão , Lemos Paulo Vitor França , De Sousa Costa Larissa Alves , Da Rocha Lucimar Pacheco Gomes , De Almeida Júnior Adelson Ribeiro , Da Silva Jania Betania Alves 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work aimed to prepare and characterize cellulose nanocrystals as an additive to a water‐based lubricating fluid. Different concentrations of the cellulose nanocrystals suspensions (0.50–1.25%wt) were added to the lubricant fluid. The nanolubricants were submitted to the pin‐disk test. The rigid/severe electrodynamic lubrication regime was conducted under different rotation speeds (500 and 63 rpm) and external loads (8.47 and 1.77 N). The cellulose nanocrystals showed a high yield (74%), an aspect ratio from 23 to 35, and thermal stability at 219.0°C. The coefficient of friction increased from 4% to 97%) with the addition of the cellulose nanocrystals for the test at 500 rpm and decreased by up to 50% at 63 rpm both at 8.47 N. The wear rate reduced with increasing concentration of nanocrystals in the lubricant fluid, showing a reduction by up to 99% at 500 rpm–8.47 N compared with fluid without nanocrystals.
Craniofacial growth and morphology among intersecting clinical categories
Authors: Knigge Ryan P. , Hardin Anna M. , Middleton Kevin M. , McNulty Kieran P. , Oh Hee Soo , Valiathan Manish , Duren Dana L. , Sherwood Richard J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDifferential patterns of craniofacial growth are important sources of variation that can result in skeletal malocclusion. Understanding the timing of growth milestones and morphological change associated with adult skeletal malocclusions is critical for developing individualized orthodontic growth modification strategies. To identify patterns in the timing and geometry of growth, we used Bayesian modeling of cephalometrics and geometric morphometric analyses with a dense, longitudinal sample consisting of 15,407 cephalograms from 1,913 individuals between 2 and 31 years of age. Individuals were classified into vertical facial types (hyper‐, normo‐, hypo‐divergent) and anteroposterior (A‐P) skeletal classes (Class I, Class II, Class III) based on adult mandibular plane angle and ANB angle, respectively. These classifications yielded eight facial type‐skeletal class categories with sufficient sample sizes to be included in the study. Four linear cephalometrics representing facial heights and maxillary and mandibular lengths were fit to standard double logistic models generating type‐class category‐specific estimates for age, size, and rate of growth at growth milestones. Mean landmark configurations were compared among type‐class categories at four time points between 6 and 20 years of age. Overall, morphology and growth patterns were more similar within vertical facial types than within A‐P classes and variation among A‐P classes typically nested within variation among vertical types. Further, type‐class‐associated variation in the rate and magnitude of growth in specific regions identified here may serve as targets for clinical treatment of complex vertical and A‐P skeletal malocclusion and provide a clearer picture of the development of variation in craniofacial form.
Performance limitation analysis of networked control systems under denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Cheng LingLi , Yan Huaicheng , Zhan Xisheng , Wang Meng , Shi Kaibo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe performance limitation analysis of networked control systems (NCSs) with denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks and external disturbances is studied in this paper. An optimal control strategy is proposed to solve the problem of performance limitation, and also an intrusion detection system (IDS) method is used to detect DoS attacks, so that DoS attacks have the least impact on NCSs. A non‐cooperative game model between IDS and DoS attackers is established, and the optimal packet delivery rate of NCSs is obtained by solving the Nash equilibrium (NE) strategy of the non‐cooperative game. An appropriate Lyapunov function is selected, and the accuracy of the definition is proved by the dynamic programming and mathematical induction. The derived results show that the performance limitation of NCSs is influenced by traditional constraints, DoS attacks, and external disturbances. Finally, some examples are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Experimental control in the adapted alternating treatments design: A review of procedures and outcomes
Authors: Cariveau Tom , Fetzner Delanie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe adapted alternating treatments design (AATD) is a single‐case experimental design (SCD) that allows for the comparison of two or more instructional procedures on the acquisition of non‐reversible behaviors. Recent descriptions of quality indicators and methodological practices (e.g., equating target sets) specific to the AATD may help guide researchers and clinicians interested in using this design, although additional descriptions of best practices are warranted. One area that has not been considered previously are methods to demonstrate experimental control in the AATD; a two‐step process that involves experimental procedures and outcomes of the study. The current review analyzed studies published using the AATD in 27 journals to describe researchers' use of methods that allow for the demonstration of experimental control (e.g., no‐treatment control condition or combined experimental designs) and, when present, whether participants' responding suggested that potential threats to internal validity were present. The current review found that authors arranged for some type of control procedure in just over half of the reviewed studies. These studies also commonly adhered to recommended practices by frequently assessing responding in the control condition; nevertheless, participant performance suggesting potential threats to internal validity were common. Recommended practices and areas for future research are considered.
ZrCl4‐Mg(ClO4)2: Highly efficient bimetallic catalyst for acetylation of alcohol with acetic acid
Authors: Alam Mohammad Mujahid , Atkore Sandeep T. , Kamble Vinod T. , Varala Ravi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work describes the highly efficient acetylation (acylation) of alcohols with acetic acid for the ester synthesis in the presence of newly designed a new composite zirconium (IV) chloride and magnesium catalyst which is used bimetallic acidic catalyst ZrCl4‐Mg(ClO4)2, which is formed by grinding ZrCl4 and Mg(ClO4)2 in the molar ratio of 1:2, respectively. Thus, the powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, and thermogravimetric analysis of the ZrCl4, Mg(ClO4)2, and non‐calcined ZrCl4‐Mg(ClO4)2 were recorded. In each case, structural analysis was carried by grinding the catalyst in mortar and pestle.