bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of nature in a multi‐family therapy for Chinese families of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A photo‐elicitation study
Authors: Lo Julia Wing Ka , Ma Joyce Lai Chong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article reports the therapeutic resources in the natural outdoors that were conducive to the therapeutic process in a multi‐family therapy (MFT) for enhancing the self‐efficacy and collective family efficacy of Chinese families of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Hong Kong. Photo‐elicited interviews with adolescents with ADHD and parent focus groups were employed to explore the participatory experiences of the families. A total of thirteen Chinese families of adolescents (aged 11–15 years) with ADHD participated in this study (fourteen adolescents with ADHD, eight fathers and ten mothers). The present study explored the potential therapeutic resources in the natural outdoors, namely a change in the group environment, spaciousness and darkness. The use of the natural outdoors in MFT proved to be a strategy useful for creating a naturalistic group setting within which family participants can more easily enact changes.
Phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors in pregnancy: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of maternal and perinatal safety and clinical outcomes
Authors: Turner Jessica M. , Russo Francesca , Deprest Jan , Mol Ben W. , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy and safety profile of phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors (PDE‐5i) in pregnancy are unclear from the few relatively small diverse studies that have used them.ObjectiveTo assess the safety profile and clinical outcomes of PDE‐5i use in pregnancy.Search strategyWe searched Embase, PubMed, CENTRAL, Prospero and Google Scholar to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the use of any PDE‐5i in pregnancy up to September 2021.Selection criteriaRCTs reporting obstetric or perinatal outcomes or maternal adverse outcomes in women taking PDE5i in pregnancy.Data collection and analysisRisk ratios (RR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and 95% prediction intervals were calculated and pooled for analysis.ResultsWe identified 1324 citations, of which 10 studies including 1090 participants met the inclusion criteria. Only tadalafil and sildenafil were reported as used in pregnancy. Two studies using tadalafil and eight sildenafil. Nine of ten studies were assessed at having of low risk of bias. PDE‐5i use was associated with an increased risk of headaches (RR 1.41, 95% CI 0.97–2.05), flushing (RR 2.59, 95% CI 0.69–9.90) and nasal bleeding (RR 10.53, 95% CI 1.36–81.3); an increase in vaginal birth when used for non‐fetal growth restriction (FGR) indications (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.00–1.55) and a reduction in risk of operative birth for intrapartum fetal compromise (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38–0.88). There was no evidence of any increase in risk of perinatal death (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.56–1.43). However, use for the treatment of FGR increased the risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) (RR 2.52, 95% CI 1.00–6.32).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggests PDE‐5i use in pregnancy is associated with mild maternal side effects and lower risk of operative birth for intrapartum fetal distress. Prolonged use for the treatment of FGR may increase the risk of PPHN.Tweetable abstractPDE‐5i use in pregnancy is associated with mild maternal side effects, lower operative birth for intrapartum fetal distress and a possible increase in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn when used for the treatment of fetal growth restriction.
Birthweight and isolated congenital heart defects – A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aliasi Moska , Snoep Maartje C. , van Geloven Nan , Haak Monique C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBirthweight (BW) is an important prognostic factor in newborns with congenital heart defects (CHD).ObjectivesTo give an overview of the literature on BW z‐score in children with isolated CHD.Search strategyA systematic search was performed on isolated CHD and BW in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, COCHRANE Library and Emcare.Selection criteriaNeonates with isolated CHD were included if a BW percentile, BW z‐score or % small‐or‐gestational age (SGA) was reported.Data collection and analysisBW z‐score and percentage SGA were pooled with random‐effect meta‐analysis. Quality and risk of bias were assessed using the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale.Main resultsTwenty‐three articles (27 893 cases) were included. BW z‐scores were retrieved from 11 articles, resulting in a pooled z‐score of −0.20 (95% CI −0.50 to 0.11). The overall pooled prevalence of SGA <10th percentile was 16.0% (95% CI 11.4–20.5; 14 studies). Subgroup analysis of major CHD showed similar results (BW z‐score −0.23 and percentage SGA 16.2%).ConclusionsOverall BW in isolated CHD is within range of normality but impaired, with a 1.6‐fold higher risk of SGA, irrespective of the type of CHD (major CHD vs all CHD combined). Our findings underline the association between CHD and BW. The use of BW z‐scores provides insight into growth of all fetuses with CHD.Tweetable abstractInfants with a congenital heart defect (CHD) have a lower birthweight z‐score and a higher incidence of small‐for‐gestational age (<10th percentile). This was encountered both in the major CHD‐group as well as in all‐CHD combined group analysis. Future research on the association between birthweight and CHD should include all types of CHDs (including mild cardiac defects) and placental‐related disease, such as pre‐eclampsia. We advocate the use of international standardised fetal growth and birthweight charts in CHD research.
Low‐density lipoprotein apheresis is associated with removal of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies
Authors: Bertram Sebastian , Pfab Thiemo , Albert Christian , Schmidt Sven , Passfall Jürgen , Haesner Martin , Seidel Maximilian , Hölzer Bodo , Seibert Felix S. , Doevelaar Adrian , Rohn Benjamin , Zgoura Panagiota , Babel Nina , Westhoff Timm H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow‐density lipoprotein apheresis is not specific to lipoproteins but removes immunoglobulins as well. It remains elusive, whether protective SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies after vaccination from COVID‐19 are eliminated as well.MethodsA cross‐sectional case–control study on 55 patients undergoing weekly lipoprotein apheresis and 21 patients with comparable comorbidities and epidemiology not undergoing apheresis. SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG was assessed in all patients prior to apheresis and in 38 patients both before and after apheresis.ResultsSARS‐CoV‐2 IgG concentrations before a session of lipoprotein apheresis were comparable to control patients not undergoing apheresis(1727 IU/ml, IQR 365–2500) vs. 1652 IU/ml,(IQR408.8–2500), p = 0.78). SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG concentrations were reduced by lipoprotein apheresis from 1656 IU/ml(IQR 540.5–2500) prior to 1305 IU/ml (IQR 449–2500) afterwards(p < 0.0001).ConclusionLipoprotein apheresis removes SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG. The average elimination rate was 21.2%. In the present population of patients undergoing apheresis once weekly, however, the elimination did not lead to inferior concentrations compared to patients not undergoing lipoprotein apheresis.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K promotes the progression of lung cancer by inhibiting the p53‐dependent signaling pathway
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Yang Xingjiu , Zhang Guoxin , Wang Le , Zhu Ziwei , Zhang Wenlong , Huang Hao , Gao Ran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) is a nucleic acid‐binding protein. Reportedly, hnRNPK is overexpressed in many human tumors, and such overexpression is associated with poor prognosis, implicating the role of hnRNPK as an oncogene during tumorigenesis. In this study, hnRNPK expression in lung cancer tissues was investigated.MethodsBriefly, hnRNPK was knocked down in lung cancer cell lines, and effects of knockdown on the cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle were assessed using a cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry. The effects of hnRNPK knockdown on the p53‐dependent signaling pathway were examined using western blotting. Finally, the effect of hnRNPK knockdown on tumor growth was verified in vivo using a lung cancer xenograft mouse model.ResultshnRNPK knockdown inhibited the cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle. In addition to phenotypic changes, hnRNPK knockdown upregulated expressions of pCHK1, pCHK2, and p53，p21，cyclin D1, thereby mediating the DNA damage response (DDR). The regulatory function of hnRNPK during p53/p21/cyclin D1 signaling in hnRNPK‐knockdown A549 cells was confirmed by suppressed the protein expression of associated signaling pathways, which inhibited DDR.ConclusionhnRNPK plays a crucial role in the progression of lung cancer, ultimately affecting survival rate. Inhibition of progression of lung cancer cells induced by hnRNPK‐knockdown is dependent on activation of p53 by the p53/p21/cyclin D1 pathway.
Do you have any questions? An analysis of question asking patterns in surgical outpatient consultations
Authors: Ting Ying Yang , Reid Jessica L. , Treloar Ellie , Lee Wei Shan Bobby , Tee Jeeng Yeeng , Cong Wen Jing Phoebe , Peng Dangyi , Edwards Suzanne , Ey Jesse , Edwardes Nicholas , Granchi Nelson , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient centred communication ensures patients are well informed and educated, which is vital to providing the best care possible. By asking questions, patients can better understand their disease and make informed decisions regarding their health journey. We aimed to investigate factors that affect question asking behaviours in surgical outpatient consultations and to determine the typical question‐asking by doctors, patients, and their companions.MethodsThis is an observational cross‐sectional study, where 182 video recordings of surgical consultations in the surgical outpatient setting at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia were reviewed.ResultsA total of 3472 questions were asked. Most questions were asked by the surgeon, followed by the patient, and if present, their companion. Pre‐surgical consultations resulted in the most questions asked by the patients, compared to post‐surgical or follow‐up consultations. When companions were present, patients asked more questions in consultants regarding malignant conditions. Interruptions increased the number of questions asked by the patient and their companion. Questions were commonly asked to clarify information given by the surgeon and often regarded the cause of the illness and the timing of the next step in disease management.ConclusionPatients are generally interested in their health and ask questions during consultations. Companions have a positive effect on patient question asking behaviour and their presence in surgical consultations should be encouraged. Surgeons should develop strategies to encourage question asking and could review their own behaviours via surgical coaching and video review.
Education and income gradients in longevity: The role of policy
Authors: Lleras‐Muney Adriana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEducation and income are strong predictors of health and longevity. In the last 20 years, many efforts have been made to understand if these relationships are causal and what the possible role of policy should be as a result. The evidence from various studies is ambiguous: the effects of education and income policies on health are heterogeneous and vary over time and across places and populations. I discuss explanations for these disparate results and suggest directions for future research.
Does remaining teeth and dental prosthesis associate with social isolation? A six‐year longitudinal study from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES)
Authors: Abbas Hazem , Aida Jun , Cooray Upul , Ikeda Takaaki , Koyama Shihoko , Kondo Katsunori , Osaka Ken 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesSocial isolation was associated with increased mortality and numerous adverse health outcomes. However, the longitudinal association between oral health and social isolation has not been studied. In this longitudinal prospective cohort study, the association between the number of remaining teeth and dental prosthesis use with social isolation after 6‐years follow‐up was examined.MethodsFunctionally independent adults aged 65 years or older, who were not socially isolated in 2010, were followed up until 2016 in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Data from 26 417 participants were analysed after random forest imputation to address missing data. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for incident social isolation in 2016 after adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment, income, activities of daily living, living area and having depressive symptoms.ResultsThe mean age of the participants at baseline was 72.3 (SD = 5.0). A total of 1,127 (4.3%) participants were socially isolated at follow‐up. Of these, 338 (3.2%) had ≥20 teeth (with or without using dental prosthesis), 171 (3.9%) had 10–19 teeth and used dental prosthesis, 112 (4.2%) had 10–19 teeth and did not use the dental prosthesis, 338 (5.1%) had 0–9 teeth and used dental prosthesis, and 168 (7.6%) had 0–9 teeth and did not use the dental prosthesis. Fully adjusted logistic regression models showed that the OR of incident social isolation was higher for those with fewer teeth; OR = 1.13 (95%CI = 0.96–1.33) for those with 10–19 teeth and OR = 1.36 (95%CI = 1.17–1.58) for those with 0–9 teeth, compared to those with ≥20 teeth. The OR of incident social isolation was lower for those who used a dental prosthesis [OR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.80–1.02)] compared to those who did not use a dental prosthesis. The interaction between the number of teeth and dental prosthesis use demonstrated that the latter mitigated the incidence of social isolation for participants with tooth loss. Compared to those with ≥20 teeth (with or without prosthesis use), participants with 0–9 teeth that did not use a dental prosthesis were 79% [OR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.49–2.19] more likely to be socially isolated, whereas participants with 0–9 teeth that used a dental prosthesis were only 23% [OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.05–1.45] more likely to be socially isolated.ConclusionTooth loss was the main predictor for social isolation at follow‐up, while no dental prostheses use was an additional risk factor. Dental prosthesis use may reduce the risk of social isolation especially in those with severe tooth loss.
Sessile serrated lesions: Clinicopathological characteristics, endoscopic diagnosis, and management
Authors: Murakami Takashi , Kurosawa Taro , Fukushima Hirofumi , Shibuya Tomoyoshi , Yao Takashi , Nagahara Akihito 
Published: March 2022

The 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System (5th edition) introduced the term “sessile serrated lesion” (SSL) to replace the term “sessile serrated adenoma/polyp” (SSA/P). SSLs are early precursor lesions in the serrated neoplasia pathway that result in colorectal carcinomas with BRAF mutations, methylation for DNA repair genes, a CpG island methylator phenotype, and high levels of microsatellite instability. Some of these lesions can rapidly become dysplastic or invasive carcinomas that exhibit high lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis potential. The 2019 WHO classification noted that dysplasia arising in an SSL most likely is an advanced polyp, regardless of the morphologic grade of the dysplasia. Detecting SSLs with or without dysplasia is critical; however, detection of SSLs is challenging, and their identification by endoscopists and pathologists is inconsistent. Furthermore, indications for their endoscopic treatment have not been established. Moreover, SSLs are considered to contribute to the development of post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancers. Herein, the clinicopathological and endoscopic characteristics of SSLs, including features determined using white light and image‐enhanced endoscopy, therapeutic indications, therapeutic methods, and surveillance are reviewed based on the literature. This information may lead to more intensive research to improve detection, diagnosis, and rates of complete resection of these lesions and reduce post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer rates.
Pore characteristics of physical crust samples from two typical erodible soils in southern China
Authors: Zhu Xuchao , Liang Yin , Cao Longxi , Tian Zhiyuan , Li Meng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhysical soil crusts will form on most soils during and after rainfall, which has important impacts on hydrological and erosion processes by affecting soil pore structure. However, the soil pore characteristics of physical crusts of two typical erodible soils (quaternary red clay [QRC] and granite red soil [GRS]) in southern China are still unclear due to the limitations of objective and accurate quantitative methods. We scanned physical crusted (structural crust [SC] and depositional crust [DC]) soil samples from the QRC and GRS at various slopes using X‐ray computed tomography, and extracted and analysed soil pore characteristics using two‐ and three‐dimensional indexes. The averages of the two‐dimensional pore indexes, that is, pore number, porosity, circularity, and equivalent diameter across the four soil sample types were 116–205, 4.83%–8.31%, 0.83–0.87, and 0.19–0.28 mm, respectively, indicating the characteristics of a large number of small pores with nearly circular shape. The mean values of pore number and circularity were significantly smaller for the structural crust samples than the depositional crust samples, and the porosity and equivalent diameter were significantly larger for the structural crust samples than the depositional crust samples. The three‐dimensional pore indexes also differed among the four soil sample types, where the mean fractal dimension and surface area values for QRC were 2.62 and 1959.77 mm2, respectively, which were significantly larger than those for GRS (2.52 and 1457.97 mm2). The pore number and circularity decreased, the equivalent diameter increased, and the surface area and connectivity density increased initially and then decreased with the slope, mainly due to differences in the run‐off and sediment process, and crust formation process on slopes with different gradients. The results provide a scientific basis for the objective quantification of physical soil crusts to facilitate further studies on physical crusts affect run‐off and sediment processes.Highlights
CT method was first used to quantify pore structure of crusted soil samples in southern China.
The crusted soil pores had a feature of a large number of small pores with nearly circular shape.
The two‐ and three‐dimensional soil pore indexes were differed among the four soil sample types.
The slope had a negligible influence on soil pore structure.
Prevalence of self‐reported emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and association with fear of childbirth in pregnant women with epilepsy: The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Vederhus Johannes , Husebye Elisabeth Synnøve Nilsen , Eid Karine , Gilhus Nils Erik , Bjørk Marte Helene 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of self‐reported experiences with abuse in pregnant women with epilepsy and the association between having experienced abuse and childbirth expectations, particularly the fear of childbirth.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of women with and without epilepsy enrolled in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study 1999–2008. Data on epilepsy diagnosis; antiseizure medication (ASM) use; emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; and childbirth expectations were collected from questionnaires completed during gestational Weeks 17–19 and 30.ResultsOur study population included 295 women with ASM‐treated epilepsy, 318 women with ASM‐untreated epilepsy, and 93 949 women without epilepsy. A total of 115 women (47%) with ASM‐treated and 132 women (57%) with ASM‐untreated epilepsy reported any emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, compared to 25 100 women (32%) without epilepsy. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for having experienced any abuse were 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–2.3) and 1.8 (95% CI = 1.4–2.2) for ASM‐treated and ASM‐untreated epilepsy, respectively. A total of 29 women (11%) with ASM‐treated and 34 women (11%) with ASM‐untreated epilepsy reported having been raped, compared to 3088 women (4%) without epilepsy (aORs = 2.8 [95% CI = 1.8–4.1] and 2.9 [95% CI = 2.0–4.2], respectively). In nulliparous women with ASM‐untreated epilepsy, having experienced abuse was associated with fear of childbirth; 22 women (31%) with abuse experiences reported fear of childbirth compared to five women (7%) with no experience of abuse (aOR = 5.4 [95% CI = 1.7–17.2]). This association was not seen in multiparous women or in women with ASM‐treated epilepsy.SignificanceMore women with epilepsy reported emotional, physical, and sexual abuse than women without epilepsy. Such experiences may be associated with childbirth expectations.
Combined effects of bird extinctions and introductions in oceanic islands: Decreased functional diversity despite increased species richness
Authors: Soares Filipa C. , de Lima Ricardo F. , Palmeirim Jorge M. , Cardoso Pedro , Rodrigues Ana S. L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimWe analyse the consequences of species extinctions and introductions on the functional diversity and composition of island bird assemblages. Specifically, we ask if introduced species have compensated the functional loss resulting from species extinctions.LocationSeventy‐four oceanic islands (> 100 km2) in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.Time periodLate Holocene.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial and freshwater bird species.MethodsWe compiled a species list per island (extinct and extant, native and introduced), and then compiled traits per species. We used single‐trait analyses to assess the effects of past species extinctions and introductions on functional composition. Then, we used probabilistic hypervolumes in trait space to calculate functional richness and evenness of original versus present avifaunas of each island (and net change), and to estimate how functionally unique are extinct and introduced species on each island.ResultsThe net effects of extinctions and introductions were: an increase in average species richness per island (alpha diversity), yet a decline in diversity across all islands (gamma diversity); an average increase in the prevalence of most functional traits, yet an average decline in functional richness and evenness, associated with the fact that extinct species were functionally more unique (when compared to extant natives) than introduced species.Main conclusionsIntroduced species are on average offsetting (and even surpassing) the losses of extinct species per island in terms of species richness, and they are increasing the prevalence of most functional traits. However, they are not compensating for the loss of functional richness due to extinctions. Current island bird assemblages are becoming functionally poorer, having lost unique species and being composed of functionally more redundant species. This is likely to have cascading repercussions on the functioning of island ecosystems. We highlight that taxonomic and functional biodiversity should be assessed simultaneously to understand the global impacts of human activities.