bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding duration is associated with higher adiposity at 6–8 months of age
Authors: Ua‐areechit Thanida , Suteerojntrakool Orapa , Pongcharoen Tippawan , Winichagoon Pattanee , Judprasong Kunchit , Murphy‐Alford Alexia J. , Lee Warren T. K. , Potip Bubphachat , Sridonpai Pimnapanut , Tongchom Wanabhorn , Chomtho Sirinuch 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBreastfeeding (BF) has been identified as a protective factor against childhood obesity. However, evidence of the association between BF duration and adiposity remains inconclusive. Few studies have been conducted among Southeast Asian infants that have measured body composition during infancy using the gold standard stable isotope method. This study aimed to evaluate the association between BF duration and body composition during infancy. Healthy full‐term Thai infants aged 6–8 months (n = 60) receiving exclusive or predominant BF for at least 3 months were recruited. Skinfold thickness (SFT) was measured by well‐trained investigators. Body composition was assessed by the deuterium dilution technique. Infants with longer BF duration (>6 months; mean 7.5 ± 0.5 months, n = 29) had a higher subscapular SFT z‐score than those with shorter BF duration (≤6 months; mean 5.3± 0.9 months, n = 31) by 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.94). After adjustment for age and sex, BF duration and age at introduction of complementary feeding (CF) were positively associated with fat mass and fat mass index at 6–8 months. One month increase in BF duration and CF age was associated with a 0.37 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.69) kg/m2 and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.18, 1.34) kg/m2 increase in the fat mass index, respectively. After adjusting for infant body mass index (BMI) during the earlier infancy period, the strength of the association was attenuated. This finding may reflect reverse causality where infants with lower BMI received formula or CF earlier. A longitudinal study with follow‐up into childhood is warranted to confirm the effects of BF on adiposity in infancy and childhood.
Comparison of Two Different Percutaneous Screw Fixations for Treating Herbert B2‐Type Acute Scaphoid Fractures
Authors: Hu Haoliang , Teng Xiaofeng , Li Xueyuan , Li Miaozhong , Chang Shimin 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveScaphoid fracture was the most common carpal fracture and the most challenging. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the clinical effects of closed reduction and percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation under fluoroscopy and arthroscopy‐assisted percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation in the treatment of Herbert B2‐type of acute scaphoid fractures.MethodsA retrospective controlled study was conducted on 29 patients with Herbert B2‐type acute scaphoid fracture with a displacement of >1 mm admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to June 2021. Patients were divided into two groups, 11 patients were treated with closed reduction percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation under fluoroscopy and 18 patients were treated with percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation assisted by arthroscopy. The operative time, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, fracture healing time, complications, and postoperative wrist function score of the two groups were compared.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 6–18 months (mean follow‐up duration: 10.38 ± 2.69 months). The respective operation times in the arthroscopy group and fluoroscopy group was 51.50 ± 6.69 min and 56.73 ± 11.48 min, respectively (p > 0.05). The number of fluoroscopies performed in the arthroscopy group was (6.83 ± 1.30), which was less than that in the fluoroscopy group (10.91 ± 2.62) (p < 0.05). All fractures in the arthroscopy group healed after the operation, and the fracture healing time was 11.44 ± 1.25W. Ten patients in the fluoroscopy group healed. The fracture healing time was 13.60 ± 2.32 W. The fracture healing time in arthroscopy group was less than that in the fluoroscopy group (p < 0.05). One patient in the fluoroscopy group had nonunion and healed after bone grafting and internal fixation. At the postoperative 6‐month follow‐up, the modified Mayo wrist function score was used to evaluate the clinical results. The wrist function score of patients in the arthroscopy group was 90 (85, 95), which was >80 (80, 90) in the fluoroscopy group (z = 2.74, p < 0.05).ConclusionFor Herbert B2‐type acute scaphoid fracture with fracture displacement > 1 mm, the arthroscopy‐assisted percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation has less fluoroscopy times, short fracture healing time, and good recovery effect of wrist function compared to the fluoroscopy.
Intergenerational wealth transmission in Great Britain
Authors: Gregg Paul , Kanabar Ricky 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe document the intergenerational wealth transmission between adult offspring and their parent's using the Wealth and Assets Survey for Great Britain. We estimate an intergenerational wealth elasticity of 0.4 and Rank‐Rank elasticity of 0.3 and find intergenerational wealth transmission for individuals in their 60s is lower than for those currently aged in their 30s and early 40s, though rank based estimates are stable. Our estimation results imply that the intergenerational wealth elasticity is 3.8 percentage points higher when comparing people with those the same age 6 years previously suggesting strong evidence of higher intergenerational wealth persistence in younger age cohorts. Taken together, the findings have important implications for future wealth inequalities and must be addressed.
Efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in severe COVID‐19 disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Prakash Satya , Sahu Ansuman , Routray Suman Sudha , Maiti Rituparna , Mitra Jayanta Kumar , Mukherjee Somnath 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been used in severe COVID‐19 disease to eliminate the cytokine storm. This meta‐analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of TPE in reducing mortality in severe COVID‐19 disease compared to standard treatment.Materials and MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, the Cochrane database and the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP). The random‐effect model was used to calculate the risk ratio and standardized mean difference (SMD) as pooled effect size for the difference in mortality and length of the intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The risk of bias and publication bias were assessed in R version 4.1.0. The certainty of the evidence was calculated using the GradePro tool.ResultsThe database identified 382 participants from six studies, including one randomized control trial. Egger's test did not detect any publication bias (p = 0.178). The random model analysis for mortality evaluated a risk ratio of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.28–0.52) with a significant reduction in the TPE group. The certainty of the evidence was moderate, with a risk ratio of 0.34 (95% CI: 0.24–0.49). Length of ICU stays between TPE versus standard care showed an SMD of 0.08 (95% CI: −0.38, 0.55) and was not significant.ConclusionThe length of ICU stay in the TPE group was not different from standard care. However, this meta‐analysis revealed a significant benefit of TPE in reducing mortality in severe COVID‐19 disease compared to standard treatment.
Development of Wear Resistant Aluminum Based Nano-Composite Reinforced With Nano-AlN
Authors: Rizwi Md. Imran , Mandal Durbadal , Show Bijay Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present study aims at development of nano-AlN reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite through stir casting method. For this commercially pure aluminum (CP-Al) and CP-Al + 2 wt% AlN nano-composite were casted at 760 °C by stir casting method. Both the alloy and the composite were subsequently characterized using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. They were further tested for mechanical properties and dry sliding pin-on-disk wear studies were carried out at three different loads at room temperature at 200 rpm up to a sliding distance of 2 Km. The results indicate good particle dispersion into the matrix and massive grain refinement in the nano-composite. Accordingly, there is an improvement in UTS and 0.2% YS values by more than 100% by keeping ductility unaffected in the composite compared to the base alloy. Grain refinement and strengthening effect of nano-particles are the reasons for this improvement. Moreover, the wear study reflects considerable improvement in wear resistance in the composite at all loads. Suppression of adhesion (at all loads) and plowing abrasion (at 60 N load) are attributed to this improvement in wear resistance in the composite.
An active transverse energy filter to differentiate low energy particles with large pitch angles in a strong magnetic field
Authors: Gauda K. , Schneidewind S. , Drexlin G. , Fulst A. , Hannen V. , König T. , Lokhov A. , Oelpmann P. , Ortjohann H.-W. , Pernice W. , Robertson R. G. H. , Salomon R. W. J. , Stappers M. , Weinheimer C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present the idea and proof of principle measurements for an angular-selective active filter for charged particles. The motivation for the setup arises from the need to distinguish background electrons from signal electrons in a spectrometer of MAC-E filter type. While a large fraction of the background electrons exhibit predominantly small angles relative to the magnetic guiding field (corresponding to a low amount of kinetic energy in the motion component transverse to the field lines, in the following referred to as transverse energy) and pass the filter mostly unhindered, signal electrons from an isotropically emitting source interact with the active filter and are detected. The concept is demonstrated using a microchannel plate (MCP) as an active filter element. When correctly aligned with the magnetic field, electrons with a small transverse energy pass the channels of the MCP without interaction while electrons with large transverse energies hit the channel walls and trigger an avalanche of secondary electrons that is subsequently detected. Due to several drawbacks of MCPs for an actual transverse energy filter, an alternative detection technique using microstructured Si-PIN diodes is proposed.
Electric dipole moments at one-loop in the dimension-6 SMEFT
Authors: Kley Jonathan , Theil Tobias , Venturini Elena , Weiler Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper we present the complete expressions of the lepton and neutron electric dipole moments (EDMs) in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), up to 1-loop and dimension-6 level and including both renormalization group running contributions and finite corrections. The latter play a fundamental role in the cases of operators that do not renormalize the dipoles, but there are also classes of operators for which they provide an important fraction, 10–20%, of the total 1-loop contribution, if the new physics scale is around $$\Lambda =5$$

Λ
=
5

TeV. We present the full set of bounds on each individual Wilson coefficient contributing to the EDMs using both the current experimental constraints, as well as those from future experiments, which are expected to improve by at least an order of magnitude.
Constant-roll inflation in brane induced gravity cosmology
Authors: Ravanpak A. , Fadakar G. F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article we study a constant-roll inflationary model in the context of the DGP brane-world cosmology caused by a quintessence scalar field. We determine an analytical solution for the Friedman equation coupled to the equation of motion of the scaler field. The evolution of the primordial scalar and tensor perturbations is also studied. To check the viability of the model we use numerical approaches and plot some figures. Our results for the scalar spectral index and the tensor to scaler ratio show good consistency with observations for given values of model parameters.
Estimation of the number of counts on a particle counter detector with full time resolution
Authors: Gesualdi Flavia , Supanitsky Alberto Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present a general method for estimating the number of particles impinging on a segmented counter or, in general, on a counter with sub-units. We account for unresolved particles, i.e., the effect of two or more particles hitting the same sub-unit almost simultaneously. To achieve full time resolution we account for the dead time that occurs after the first time-bin of a particle signal. This general counting method can be applied to counting muons in existing detectors like the Underground Muon Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We therefore use the latter as a study case to test the performance of our method and to compare it to other methods from literature. Our method proves to perform with little bias, and also provides an estimate of the number of particles as a function of time (as seen by the detector) to a single time-bin resolution. In this context, the new method can be useful for reconstructing parameters sensitive to cosmic ray mass, which are key to unveiling the origin of cosmic rays.
Terrestrialization in the Ordovician
Authors: Wellman Charles H. , Cascales-Miñana Borja , Servais Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This contribution reviews the evidence for terrestrial organisms during the Ordovician (microbial, land plant, fungal, animal) and for the nature of the terrestrial biota. The evidence regarding the origin and early diversification of land plants combines information from both fossils and living organisms. Extant plants can be utilized in: (1) phylogenetic analyses to provide evidence for the nature of the algal–land plant transition and the characteristics of the most basal land plants; (2) evolutionary developmental biology studies of the characters that enabled the invasion of the land; (3) molecular clock analysis to provide evidence regarding timing of the origin and diversification of land plants. We conclude that the Ordovician was a critical period during the terrestrialization of planet Earth that witnessed the transition from a microbial terrestrial biota to one dominated by a vegetation of the most basal land plants.
Milk-Gelling Properties of Proteases Extracted from the Fruits of Solanum Elaeagnifolium Cavanilles
Authors: Nájera-Domínguez Carolina , Gutiérrez-Méndez Néstor , Carballo-Carballo Diego E. , Peralta-Pérez María Rosario , Sánchez-Ramírez Blanca , Nevarez-Moorillón Guadalupe Virginia , Quintero-Ramos Armando , García-Triana Antonio , Delgado Efren 
Published: October 2022

There is little information on the milk coagulation process by plant proteases combined with chymosins. This work is aimed at studying the capability of protease enclosed in the ripe fruits of Solanum elaeagnifolium (commonly named trompillo) to form milk gels by itself and in combination with chymosin. For this purpose, proteases were partially purified from trompillo fruits. These proteases had a molecular weight of ~60 kDa, and results suggest cucumisin-like serine proteases, though further studies are needed to confirm this observation. Unlike chymosins, trompillo proteases had high proteolytic activity (

PA
=
50.23

U

Tyr

mg

protei

n

−
1

) and low milk-clotting activity (

MCA
=
3658.86

SU

m

L

−
1

). Consequently, the ratio of MCA/PA was lower in trompillo proteases (6.83) than in chymosins (187 to 223). Our result also showed that milk gels formed with trompillo proteases were softer (7.03 mPa s) and had a higher release of whey (31.08%) than the milk gels clotted with chymosin (~10 mPa s and ~4% of syneresis). However, the combination of trompillo proteases with chymosin sped up the gelling process (21 min), improved the firmness of milk gels (12 mPa s), and decreased the whey release from milk curds (3.41%). Therefore, trompillo proteases could be combined with chymosin to improve the cheese yield and change certain cheese features.
Redirecting Polyclonal T Cells against Cancer with Soluble T-Cell Receptors
Authors: Berman David M. , Bell John I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCancer cells accumulate genetic mutations in coding proteins that may be presented by HLA as neoantigenic peptides (peptide HLA, pHLA). T cells scan for neoantigenic pHLA by the T-cell receptor (TCR):CD3 complex. This complex has the dual function of binding pHLA, by the TCR, and triggering T-cell activation by CD3. Checkpoint therapy activates exhausted T cells to kill cancer cells and generally work best against tumors with high neoantigen burden and in patients with neoantigenic-reactive T cells. TCR T-cell engagers (TCE) are a novel class of immunotherapy that bypasses these two requirements by redirecting polyclonal T cells, regardless of their native specificity, to kill a cancer cell independent of neoantigen burden. This is accomplished through deconstructing the membrane-bound TCR:CD3 complex into a soluble bispecific protein comprised of a targeting domain (TCR) and activating domain (usually anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment). The pool of targets for TCR TCE is larger than for antibody therapeutics and includes &gt;90% of human intra- or extracellular proteins. Most tumor-associated antigens for solid tumors are intracellular and accessible only by a TCR therapeutic. Tebentafusp, a TCR TCE directed to a peptide derived from the gp100 melanoma protein presented by HLA*A02:01, demonstrated a survival benefit in metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). This survival benefit highlights the promise of TCR TCEs because mUM is a solid tumor with a very low neoantigen burden and has poor response to checkpoints and chemotherapy. Other TCR TCE programs are now in clinical studies for a broader range of tumors.
Characterization of Leukemic Resistance to CD19-Targeted CAR T-cell Therapy through Deep Genomic Sequencing
Authors: Chen Gregory M. , Chen Chia-Hui , Perazzelli Jessica , Grupp Stephan A. , Barrett David M. , Tan Kai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting CD19 has been a clinical breakthrough for pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), and loss of the CD19 target antigen on leukemic cells represents a major mechanism of relapse. Previous studies have observed CD19 mutations specific to CD19− relapses, and we sought to clarify and strengthen this relationship using deep whole-exome sequencing in leukemic cells expanded in a patient-derived xenograft. By assessing pre-treatment and relapse cells from 13 patients treated with CAR T-cell therapy, 8 of whom developed CD19− relapse and 5 of whom developed CD19+ relapse, we demonstrate that relapse-specific single-nucleotide variants and small indels with high allele frequency combined with deletions in the CD19 gene in a manner specific to those patients with CD19− relapse. Before CAR T-cell infusion, one patient was found to harbor a pre-existing CD19 deletion in the context of genomic instability, which likely represented the first hit leading to the patient's subsequent CD19− relapse. Across patients, preexisting mutations and genomic instability were not significant predictors of subsequent CD19− relapse across patients, with sample size as a potential limiting factor. Together, our results clarify and strengthen the relationship between genomic events and CD19− relapse, demonstrating this intriguing mechanism of resistance to a targeted cancer immunotherapy.
Reference Ranges for NT-proBNP (N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide) and Risk Factors for Higher NT-proBNP Concentrations in a Large General Population Cohort
Authors: Welsh Paul , Campbell Ross T. , Mooney Leanne , Kimenai Dorien M. , Hayward Caroline , Campbell Archie , Porteous David , Mills Nicholas L. , Lang Ninian N. , Petrie Mark C. , Januzzi James L. , McMurray John J.V. , Sattar Naveed 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Demographic differences in expected NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) concentration are not well established. We aimed to establish reference ranges for NT-proBNP and explore the determinants of moderately elevated NT-proBNP under the universal definition of heart failure criteria.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study. NT-proBNP was measured in serum from 18 356 individuals without previous cardiovascular disease in the Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study. Age- and sex-stratified medians and 97.5th centiles were generated. Sex stratified risk factors for moderately elevated NT-proBNP (≥125 pg/mL) were investigated.

Results:

In males, median (97.5th centile) NT-proBNP concentration at age <30 years was 21 (104) pg/mL, rising to 38 (195) pg/ml at 50 to 59 years, and 281 (6792) pg/mL at ≥80 years. In females, median NT-proBNP at age <30 years was 51 (196) pg/mL, 66 (299) pg/mL at 50 to 59 years, and 240 (2704) pg/mL at ≥80 years. At age <30 years, 9.8% of females and 1.4% of males had elevated NT-proBNP, rising to 76.5% and 81.0%, respectively, at age ≥80 years. After adjusting for risk factors, an NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL was more common in females than males (OR, 9.48 [95% CI, 5.60–16.1]). Older age and smoking were more strongly associated with elevated NT-proBNP in males than in females (
P
sex interaction
<0.001, 0.07, respectively). Diabetes was inversely associated with odds of elevated NT-proBNP in females only (
P
sex interaction
=0.007).

Conclusions:
An NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL is common in females without classical cardiovascular risk factors as well as older people. If NT-proBNP becomes widely used for screening in the general population, interpretation of NT-proBNP levels will require that age and sex-specific thresholds are used to identify patients with potential pathophysiology.
Economics of Minimalist Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Results From the 3M-TAVR Economic Study
Authors: Butala Neel M. , Wood David A. , Li Haiyan , Chinnakondepalli Khaja , Lauck Sandra B. , Sathananthan Janarthanan , Cairns John A. , Magnuson Elizabeth A. , Barker Madeleine , Webb John G. , Welsh Robert , Cheung Anson , Ye Jian , Velianou James L. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Asgar Anita , Kodali Susheel , Thourani Vinod H. , Cohen David J. ,   on behalf of the 3M-TAVR Investigators
Published: October 2022

Background:
The 3M-TAVR trial (3M-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement) demonstrated the feasibility and safety of next-day hospital discharge after transfemoral TAVR with implementation of a minimalist pathway. However, the economic impact of this approach is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated costs for patients undergoing minimalist TAVR compared with conventional TAVR.

Methods:
We used propensity matching to compare resource utilization and costs (from a US health care system perspective) for patients in the 3M-TAVR trial with those for transfemoral TAVR patients enrolled in the contemporaneous S3i trial (PARTNER SAPIEN-3 Intermediate Risk). Procedural costs were estimated using measured resource utilization for both groups. For the S3i group, all other costs through 30-day follow-up were assessed by linkage with Medicare claims; for 3M, these costs were assessed using regression models derived from S3i cost and resource utilization data.

Results:

After 1:1 propensity matching, 351 pairs were included in our study (mean age 82, mean Society of Thoracic Surgery risk score 5.3%). There were no differences in death, stroke, or rehospitalization between the 3M-TAVR and S3i groups through 30-day follow-up. Index hospitalization costs were $10 843/patient lower in the 3M-TAVR cohort, driven by reductions in procedure duration, anesthesia costs, and length of stay. Between discharge and 30 days, costs were similar for the 2 groups such that cumulative 30-day costs were $11 305/patient lower in the 3M-TAVR cohort compared with the S3i cohort ($49 425 versus $60 729, 95% CI for difference $9378 to $13 138;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
Compared with conventional transfemoral TAVR, use of a minimalist pathway in intermediate-risk patients was associated with similar clinical outcomes and substantial in-hospital cost savings, which were sustained through 30 days.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02287662.