bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial Disparities in the Use of Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Postoperative Analgesia After Total Mastectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mazzeffi Michael A. , Keneally Ryan , Teal Christine , Douglas Rundell , Starks Vanessa , Chow Jonathan , Porter Steven B. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are used to provide postoperative analgesia after total mastectomy. PNBs improve patient satisfaction and decrease postoperative opioid use, nausea, and vomiting. Few studies have examined whether there is racial-ethnic disparity in the use of PNBs for patients having total mastectomy. We hypothesized that non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic patients of other races, and Hispanic patients would be less likely to receive a PNB for postoperative analgesia compared to non-Hispanic White patients having total mastectomy. Secondarily, we hypothesized that PNBs would be associated with reduced odds of major complications after total mastectomy.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cohort study using National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data from 2015 to 2019. Patients were included if they underwent total mastectomy under general anesthesia. Unadjusted rates of PNB use were compared between race-ethnicity groups. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine whether race-ethnicity group was independently associated with receipt of a PNB for postoperative analgesia. Secondarily, we calculated crude and risk-adjusted odds ratios for major complications in patients who received a PNB.

RESULTS:
There were 64,103 patients who underwent total mastectomy and 4704 (7.3%) received a PNB for postoperative analgesia. Patients who received a PNB were younger, more commonly women, were less likely to have diabetes and hypertension, and had less disseminated cancer (all P < .05). In our regression analysis, the odds of receiving a PNB differed significantly by race-ethnicity group (P < .001). Non-Hispanic Asian and non-Hispanic Black patients had reduced odds of receiving a PNB compared to non-Hispanic White patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33–0.49 and OR, 0.37 [0.32–0.44]), respectively. Non-Hispanic patients of other races, including American Indian, Alaskan Native, and Pacific Islander, also had reduced odds of receiving a PNB (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.64–0.84]) compared to non-Hispanic White patients, as did Hispanic patients (OR, 0.62 [0.56–0.69]). Patients who received a PNB did not have reduced odds of major complications after mastectomy (crude OR, 0.83 [0.65–1.08]; P = .17 and adjusted OR, 0.85 [0.65–1.10]; P = .21).

CONCLUSIONS:
Significant disparity exists in the use of PNBs for postoperative analgesia in patients of different race-ethnicity who undergo total mastectomy in the United States. Continued efforts are needed to better understand the causes of disparity and to ensure equitable access to PNBs.
Development, regeneration and tumorigenesis of the urothelium
Authors: Wiessner Gregory B. , Plumber Sakina A. , Xiang Tina , Mendelsohn Cathy L. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The urothelium of the bladder functions as a waterproof barrier between tissue and outflowing urine. Largely quiescent during homeostasis, this unique epithelium rapidly regenerates in response to bacterial or chemical injury. The specification of the proper cell types during development and injury repair is crucial for tissue function. This Review surveys the current understanding of urothelial progenitor populations in the contexts of organogenesis, regeneration and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we discuss pathways and signaling mechanisms involved in urothelial differentiation, and consider the relevance of this knowledge to stem cell biology and tissue regeneration.
Outcomes and toxicity following post-operative hypofractionated radiotherapy to the regional nodes and the breast or the chest wall in locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: Tramacere Francesco , Arcangeli Stefano , Colciago Riccardo Ray , Lucchini Raffaella , Pati Francesca , Portaluri Maurizio 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:We aimed to analyze the impact of a 3-week schedule of HypoFractionated (HF) radiotherapy (RT) after axillary dissection and breast surgery, in terms of safety and efficacy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (BC).Methods:Eligible patients were females with Stage IIA – IIIC BC who underwent axillary dissection and breast surgery, either quadrantectomy or mastectomy. HF RT was delivered in 15 or 16 fractions for a total dose of 40.05 Gy or 42.56 Gy, respectively, to the clavicular nodal region along with the whole breast (HF WBRT) or the chest wall (HF PMRT), according to the type of surgery. Locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastases-free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS) and acute and late treatment-related toxicities were estimated.Results:57 patients with a median age of 60 years (32–85) were retrospectively analyzed. 34 (60%) of patients underwent breast conservative surgery in the form of quadrantectomy and 23 (40%) were offered radical mastectomy. All patients underwent hypofractionated regional nodal irradiation (HF RNI). 34 (60%) of them underwent HF WBRT, while 23 (40%) received HF PMRT. At a median follow-up of 80 months (30–113), the 7-year LRR-free survival was 93% (95% CI, 74%–95%). The same features for DMFS and OS were 76% (95% CI, 52%–78%) and 67% (95% CI, 50%–80%), respectively. Only one (2%) patient experienced G3 acute skin toxicity. No grade ≥2 late toxicity was observed.Conclusion:Our study shows that HF RNI with HF RT to the whole breast or the chest wall after breast surgery is safe and effective in patients with locally advanced BC. Longer follow-up is needed to strengthen further analyses on late toxicity and clinical outcomes.Advances in knowledge:This paper adds to the evidence that post-operative RNI with WBRT or PMRT can be safely and effectively delivered with 3-week HF regimen. Locally advanced BC patients can be offered HF RT to the regional nodes and the breast or the chest wall regardless the type of surgery.
Protocol for the development of a core outcome set for evaluating mixed-diagnosis falls prevention interventions for people with Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease and stroke
Authors: O'Malley Nicola , Coote Susan , Clifford Amanda M 
Published: May 2022

Background: Given the high incidence of falls and their associated negative effects, the development of effective falls prevention interventions for people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and stroke is a priority. Currently the implementation of condition-specific falls prevention interventions is challenging in the community due to lack of participants and resources. Given the similarities in falls risk factors across stroke, PD and MS, the design of mixed-diagnosis interventions for groups comprising of people with these three neurological conditions may solve these implementation challenges. Having a core outcome set (COS) for evaluating these interventions would enable the comparison and combination of data, thereby facilitating progress in this research area. Therefore, the aim of this research study is to develop a COS for evaluating mixed-diagnosis falls prevention interventions for people with MS, PD and stroke. Methods: This will be a mixed-methods, international, multi-perspective Delphi consensus study with five stages. Stage one will involve the identification of potential outcomes through a systematic literature search, patient focus groups, and consultation with our stakeholder group. The second stage will be the development of the Delphi survey using the outcomes elicited from stage one. Stage three will be the prioritisation of outcomes using a two-round online Delphi survey involving patients, clinicians, researchers and policy-makers/service-planners. The fourth stage will be to identify and recommend outcome measures and definitions. The final stage will be a consensus meeting with representatives from each stakeholder group to agree upon the final COS. Discussion: Adoption of this COS in future trials investigating the effectiveness of mixed-diagnosis falls prevention interventions for people with MS, PD and stroke will facilitate the comparison and combination of research findings. This should translate into improved decision-making by service-planners/policy-makers and clinicians regarding the implementation of evidence-based falls prevention interventions into practice.
Contrasting extremism and radicalisation in a syndemic society
Authors: Antonelli Francesco 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this document is to make recommendations on the necessity to transform current P/CVE policies, emphasizing the importance of a more effective involvement of Politics to contrast the spread of extremism and radicalisation in Europe. In fact, in a syndemic and post-Caliphate world, problems and challenges toward political violence are more and more institutional, systemic, and political. According to the first HORIZON2020 PARTICIPATION PROJECT’s results, the crisis of participation and the crisis of integration are closely linked to current extremism and radicalisation processes; at the same time, fragmentation, interrelation between different kind of extremism and hybridisation, request a new approach that involve, in a more effective way, civil society and political society to contrast extremism, radicalisation and terrorism.
A qualitative study exploring health workers and patient caregivers’ hand hygiene practices in a neonatal unit in Blantyre, Malawi, implications for controlling outbreaks of drug resistant infections
Authors: Mangochi Helen , Tolhurst Rachel , Simpson Victoria , Kawaza Kondwani , Chidziwisano Kondwani , Feasey Nicholas A. , Morse Tracy , MacPherson Eleanor 
Published: May 2022

Background: Neonatal sepsis is responsible for a considerable burden of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan African countries. Outcomes from neonatal sepsis are worsening due to increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance. Sub-optimal Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) practices of health care workers and caregivers are important drivers of infection transmission. The Chatinkha Neonatal Unit at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi has experienced multiple outbreaks of neonatal sepsis, associated with drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. We aimed to understand the barriers to implementation of optimal IPC focusing on hand hygiene practice. Methods: We used a qualitative research methodology to meet the study aim. Combining participant observation (PO) over a seven-month period with semi structured interviews (SSI) to provide an in-depth understanding of activities relating to hygiene and IPC existing on the ward. Results: While most staff and some caregivers, had a good understanding of ideal IPC and understood the importance of good handwashing practices, they faced substantial structural limitations, and scarce resources (both material and human) which made implementation challenging. For staff, the overwhelming numbers of patients meant the workload was often unmanageable and practicing optimal IPC was challenging. Caregivers lacked access to basic amenities, including linen and chairs, meaning that it was almost impossible for them to maintain good hand hygiene. Limited access to soap and the erratic water supply for both caregivers and healthcare workers further worsened the situation. Communication challenges between different cadres of staff and with patient caregivers meant that those handling neonates and cleaning the wards were often unaware of outbreaks of drug resistant infection. Conclusion: For IPC to be improved, interventions need to address the chronic shortages of material resources and create an enabling environment for HCWs and patient caregivers.
Invasive Streptococcus agalactiae ST283 infection after fish consumption in two sisters, Lao PDR
Authors: Luangraj Manophab , Hiestand Jasmin , Rasphone Othila , Chen Swaine L. , Davong Viengmon , Barkham Timothy , Simpson Andrew J.H. , Dance David A.B. , Keoluangkhot Valy 
Published: May 2022

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae is a normal commensal of the human gastro-intestinal and female genital tracts. It causes serious disease in neonates and pregnant women, as well as non-pregnant adults. Food-borne outbreaks have also been described. A link between invasive Group B streptococcus (GBS) infection in humans caused by S. agalactiae serotype III-4, sequence type 283 (ST283) and the consumption of raw fresh-water fish was first described in Singapore in 2015. Case presentation: We report the simultaneous occurrence of acute fever and myalgia in two sisters who were visiting Laos. Both were found to have invasive GBS ST283 infection, confirmed by blood culture. Infection was temporally linked to fish consumption. They responded well to intravenous antibiotics within 48 hours. Conclusions: Food-borne transmission of Streptococcus agalactiae is an important and under-recognised source of serious human disease throughout Southeast Asia and possibly beyond.
Incentives and Defaults Can Increase COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions and Test Demand
Authors: Serra-Garcia Marta , Szech Nora 
Published: May 2022

Willingness to vaccinate and test are critical in the COVID-19 pandemic. We study the effects of two measures to increase the support of vaccination and testing: defaults and monetary compensations. Some organizations, such as restaurants, fire departments, hospitals, or governments in some countries, have used these measures. Yet there is the concern that compensations could erode intrinsic motivation and decrease vaccination intentions. We show that, in the early stages of the pandemic, both approaches, compensations and defaults, significantly increased COVID-19 test demand and vaccine intentions. Compensations for vaccines, however, need to be large enough because low compensations can backfire. We estimate heterogeneous treatment effects to document which groups are more likely to respond to these measures. The results show that defaults and avoidance of small compensations are especially important for individuals who are more skeptical of the vaccine, measured by their trust in the vaccine and their political views. Hence, both measures could be used in a targeted manner to achieve stronger results. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4405 .
Effects of water salinity on the multi-angular polarimetric properties of light reflected from smooth water surfaces
Authors: Sun Zhongqiu , Wu Di , Lv Yunfeng 
Published: May 2022

Salinity is an important environmental factor regulating the aquatic system structure of lakes and other water bodies. Changes in salinity, which can be caused by human activities, can adversely impact the life of water organisms. The refractive index, which can be directly related to water salinity, also controls the polarimetric properties of light reflected from the water surface. In this study, polarimetric measurements of smooth water surfaces with different salinity content were performed at different viewing zenith angles in the wavelength range of 450–1000 nm in the specular reflection directions. The results show that the light reflected from the water surface (defined as reflectance factor) in one measurement direction can be replaced by the reflectance factor derived from polarimetric measurements, and if the polarizer absorptance is considered, the average relative difference is less than 3%. The degree of linear polarization (DOLP) was used to retrieve the refractive indices of water with different salinities based on the Fresnel reflection coefficient. The inverted refractive indices not only have high accuracy (uncertainty from 0.9% to 1.8%) but also have a very strong relationship with the water salinity content. Our study shows the possibility of estimating the variation in water salinity using multi-angular polarimetric measurements.
Terahertz metamaterial biosensor for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma at early stage
Authors: Li Dongxia , Zeng Lizhen , Wang Yuanli , Tang Hong-Wen , Lee Wen Xing , Chen Zhencheng , Zhang Longhui , Zou Yingchang , Xie Duan , Hu Fangrong 
Published: May 2022

We propose a method for diagnosis of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by using a terahertz (THz) metamaterial (MM) biosensor. The biosensor has a resonance frequency at about 0.801 THz and can measure the concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in serum. The sensitivity of the sensor is 124 GHz/refractive index unit (RIU), and the quality-factor (Q) is 6.913, respectively. When the surface of the biosensor is covered with healthy serum (

A
F
P

≤

7

n
g

/

m
L

), the maximum resonance frequency shift is 50 GHz. However, when it is covered with serum from patients with cirrhosis and early HCC (

A
F
P

>

7

n
g

/

m
L

), the resonance frequency shift is more than 59 GHz. Positive correlation exists between the frequency shift of the biosensor and serum levels of the AFP in the HCC patients. This study provides a method for quick diagnosis and prediction of cirrhosis and HCC.
A research protocol on leap motion tracking device: A novel intervention method in distal radial fracture rehabilitation
Authors: Arora Sakshi P. , Naqvi Waqar M. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
Physiotherapeutic rehabilitation are used to optimize functional recovery following a distal radial fracture (DRF). Being most common upper limb fracture in all age groups, the DRF peaks in young men and in post-menopausal women with incidence ratio of 1:4. Leap motion control based rehabilitation of patients with DRF is limited. This research aims to assess the efficacy of leap motion control based rehabilitation in patients with DRF.

Methods
In an randomized parallel group trial, subjects (n = 40) with DRF will be recruited. The participants will be enrolled into either experimental or control group with 1:1 allocation ratio. Following the primary assessment and allocation, the participants in experimental group will receive both leap motion control and conventional therapy over a period of six weeks. Participants in conventional group would undergo only conventional therapy. The primary outcome measures will be Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and Universal goniometer however the grip strength and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) will be used as secondary outcome measures.

Purpose of the study
The findings of this trial will examine the impact of leap motion control in DRF patients with conventional therapy on improving the functional activity, range of motion (ROM), grip strength and pain.

Expected clinical implications
To conclude, this research seeks to examine the rapid and long term effects of leap motion control in DRF patients. The study findings would help prospective patients with DRF, which may include a newly designed approach of rehabilitation.
Weighted

L
p

-type regularity estimates for nonlinear parabolic equations with Orlicz growth
Authors: Yao Fengping 
Published: May 2022

In this paper we obtain the following weighted

L
p

-type regularity estimates

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(

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)

∈

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(

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,
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+
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;

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(
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locally

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;

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for any
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of weak solutions for non-homogeneous nonlinear parabolic equations with Orlicz growth

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and

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. Moreover, we remark that two natural examples of functions
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-Laplace equation)

and

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for

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Moreover, our results improve the known results for such equations.
Structure of analytical ion-acoustic solitary wave solutions for the dynamical system of nonlinear wave propagation
Authors: Zahed Hanadi , Seadawy Aly R. , Iqbal Mujahid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the present study, the ion-acoustic solitary wave solutions for Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation, potential KP equation, and Gardner KP equation are constructed. The nonlinear KP equations are studying the nonlinear process of waves without collisions plasma and having non-isothermal electrons and cold ions. Two-dimensional ion-acoustic solitary waves (IASWs) in magnetized plasma are consisting of electrons and ions. We obtained the ion-acoustic solitary wave solutions same as dark and bright, kink and anti-kink wave solitons. The physical phenomena of various structures for IASWs are represented graphically with symbolic computations. These results are more helpful in the development of soliton dynamics, quantum plasma, dynamic of adiabatic parameters, fluid dynamics, and industrial phenomena.
Copper nanoparticles catalyzed carbon–heteroatom bond formation and synthesis of related heterocycles by greener procedures
Authors: Ahammed Sabir , Ranu Brindaban C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A variety of procedures for the carbon–nitrogen, carbon–oxygen, carbon–sulfur and carbon–selenium bond formation using copper nanoparticles in greener conditions have been highlighted. The synthesis of several heterocyclic compounds of biological importance has also been reported using these protocols.
The geographical dispersion of inventor networks in peripheral economies
Authors: Cano-Kollmann Marcelo , Mudambi Ram , Tavares-Lehmann Ana Teresa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper we explore patenting activity in two peripheral economies (Portugal and Greece), to analyze the dispersion of inventor networks. Inventor networks are key conduits through which knowledge flows. Therefore, they can be critical in the catch-up process of peripheral economies – economies that belong to the group of rich countries but have weaker innovation systems. As global value chains fragment into geographically dispersed activities, opportunities arise for peripheral economies to participate in global innovation processes. However, different types of innovation activities have distinct network properties. More codifiable innovative activities can be carried out through collaboration by internationally dispersed teams. On the other hand, activities that are more dependent on tacit knowledge are likely to require the co-location of knowledge workers. This implies that innovation that relies mostly on tacit knowledge will provide limited connectivity benefits for peripheral economies’ innovation systems. We hypothesize that, while this is generally true, “leading” innovative multinational enterprises may possess more sophisticated capabilities for transnational collaboration than less innovative firms. Therefore, innovation in activities involving tacit knowledge may show different network characteristics depending on who performs them: leading firms or “laggards”. Our results, based on data from Portugal and Greece are consistent with our hypotheses.
Üben, Üben, Üben. Ein Dreiergespräch über die religions- und philosophiedidaktische Grundfrage nach der Ambiguität der Praxis als Ort der Wahrheit
Authors: Berner-Zumpf Daniela , Kamcili-Yildiz Naciye , Schroeter-Wittke Harald 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Üben ist eine philosophisch und religiös weit verbreitete und fundamentale Praxis, die die Ambiguität von Wahrheit performt. In Anlehnung an Bollnows Erörterungen „Vom Geist des Übens“ (1978) werden evangelische, islamische und philosophische Einsichten und Erfahrungen zur Didaktik auf die schulische Wirklichkeit und darüber hinaus reflektiert.