bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Prp in Third Molar Extraction Wounds
Authors: Sargaiyan Vinod , Manas Abhigyan , Hemanth Kumar H R , Saravanan Meenakshi S. , Ghiaz Khalid , Deepalakshmi S. 
Published: July 2022

It has become more common that after a mandibular third molar impaction operation, platelet concentrates have been shown to be useful in aiding the healing process. The patients were examined on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 7, the first month, and the second month following surgery. There was a slew of parameters to investigate and tally up.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 15 people with impacted mandibular third molars were included in the research. Patients' own blood platelets were used to make the transfusion more effective. One of the sockets was selected at random to serve as the test side. Instead of the other connector, the control socket was utilized.

Results:
There was no statistical difference between the test and control groups when it came to pain or soft tissue healing, according to a Mann–Whitney U test used to analyze the data. T test was performed to check for edema and density in the bones. Bone density measurements on the test side were significant, whereas measurements of edema on the test side were not. There was no alveolar osteitis on any of the subjects' limbs.

Conclusion:
Bone and soft tissue healing may be aided by platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Several growth components are included, which aid in the healing process.
Effect of Herbal and Chemical Solution in Tissue Dissolution by using Conventional Irrigation and Sonic Irrigation System
Authors: Bhavsar Bhavika A. , Selvi Thanigai , Paliwal Aparna , Ansari Farha , Beohar Deepali Shrivastava , Joseph Teena 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
An essential part of root canal cleaning is irrigating the system to remove any remaining debris and tissue remains. The purpose of root canal therapy is to shape and clean the endodontic space, reduce the bacterial burden, and remove the pulp tissue. In this research, several irrigation solutions with and without sonic irrigation were evaluated to see how quickly tissue dissolves.

Method:
A tissue sample was taken from a cow (68 ± 3 mg) with no statistically significant difference between groups. All five test tubes in each group were immersed in irrigant, and each group contained one subgroup with five test tubes. Separate weights were recorded for every irrigant that had been passed through the filter paper. Thus, the quantity of pulp dissolved by different irrigating solutions was quantified using a filtering technique.

Results:
It was revealed that there was a substantial difference between the groups. Sonic and non-sonic irrigation of sodium hypochlorite resulted in a substantial difference in tissue disintegration.

Conclusion:
This research found that sodium hypochlorite was more effective than EDTA and saline in dissolving pulp. Despite several studies claiming that neem has potent antibacterial activities, tissue dissolution has not been shown in experiments using this herb.
Incidence of Surgical Site Infections and Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in JNMC, Bhagalpur, India
Authors: Ratnesh Kumar , Kumar Pawan , Arya Anamica 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Surgery site infections (SSIs) are infections that arise in surgery for an operative wound infection surveillance within 30 days of surgery or 90 days after implant installation. JNMC, Bhagalpur, India, intended to look at the pre- and postoperative use of antibiotics.

Methods:
Four hundred twelve patient charts were analyzed for four months in JNMC, Bhagalpur, India as part of a hospital-based cross-section study. The study covered all patients 13 years of age and older who had been admitted to the hospital and had undergone various surgeries. In addition, a P value was preserved for the further multivariate analysis, using multiple logistic regressions, to study the association between the resulting variable and the predictor.

Results:
The general surgery operation included 152 of the 412 patients, while the remainder was for different operations. A single operative antibiotic was administered to the majority of patients, followed by two surgical prophylactic medications. Before the hospital was discharged, 40 of the patients experienced surgical site infections. In almost half of these cases, ceftriaxone and metronidazole were combined with SSIs. Emergency surgery patients were 2.6 times more likely to have a SSI than optional surgery patients. The SSIs were 2.5 times more likely in patients who were not given antibiotic prophylaxis. In our investigation, the protection against SSI was found to include clean-contaminated and contaminated wound types.

Conclusions:
According to this study, the majority of patients received antimicrobial prophylaxis. In the hospital where the study was done, the total incidence of SSIs was 11.1%. The most frequently given antibiotic was ceftriaxone. The absence of prevention, wound type, and types of surgery has all been associated with SSI development.
Evaluation of Mother's Complementary Feeding Knowledge and Occlusion
Authors: Dwivedi Swati , Sarfarj Mohd , Ansari Faizan , Singh Shivani S. , Yaqoob Azmat , Kumar Shivesh 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
Mothers' understanding of feeding methods and how they affect deciduous dentition were the focus of this study.

Materials and Methods:
This study looked at people from different parts of the population. In total, 230 moms of children aged 6 months to 5 years who completed an oral health questionnaire were included in the study. Mothers' awareness of feeding patterns and their impact on deciduous dentition were examined in the study.

Results:
Illiterate moms' children showed a significant difference in the quality of their occlusion compared to similarly raised children of literate mothers. Children who began supplementary feeding before the age of 6 months were more likely to have occlusion changes.

Conclusion:
Malocclusion prevalence was shown to be unrelated to meal behaviors. However, further research is required as there are just a few studies currently available.
Evaluation of Salivary and Plasma Levels of Salivary α-Amylase in Patients of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Abhishek  , Raaj Vaibhava , Raina Sakshi , Anusha  , Raj Nikhil , Sehgal Rajat 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate levels of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) in plasma and saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The diurnal patterns of sAA and its response to stress were also determined.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized clinical study was conducted to evaluate the salivary and plasma levels of sAA in three study groups, containing ten subjects each. sAA concentration in plasma and saliva samples was measured using Bioassay Technology Laboratory human alpha-amylase kits, and the levels were compared among control and test groups.

Results:
In all groups, the mean plasma α-amylase level and mean saliva α-amylase level show an increasing trend with time, i.e., from morning to night, and among the groups, it was highest in Group III followed by Group II and Group I the least (Group III, Group II, and Group I) at all times with significantly higher mean values in Group III subjects at all times of a day.

Conclusion:
Alpha-amylase is one of the principal salivary proteins and its secretion is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. The measurement of salivary alpha-amylase activity has been proposed to reflect stress-related changes in the autonomic nervous system, and it may be a good choice for monitoring sympathetic nervous system activity in specialized subjects. Hence, it can be concluded that salivary sAA levels can be taken as a predictable as well as reproducible marker for oral SCC or premalignant lesions.
Prevalence and Pattern of Tobacco Use among Thermal Power Station Workers in South India
Authors: Pillai Dinesh Dhamodhar Mathevan , Nagappan Nagappan , D'Cruz Thomson Mariadasan , Pradeep Sivakumar , Palaneeswaran Kamalashankar , Pandian R. Palanivel 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Health of individuals and community. Occupation, being a significant determinant of health, plays a vital role in the outcome of health. Mining being an occupation has it's own characteristics and occupational hazards. One such factor, being tobacco consumption has been sparsely reported among thermal power station workers.

Aims and Objectives:
To assess the prevalence of tobacco consumption among thermal power station workers in south India.

Materials and Methods:
Simple random sampling was used to collect data from the study in the subjects working in thermal power station. Pretested questionnaire was used to collect demographic and prevalence data pertaining to tobacco consumption. Descriptive statistical analysis was done for the data to express the same in frequencies.

Results:
Among the 401 study subjects, 121 of them consumed tobacco. Among them 59%(n=72) of them used smoking form of tobacco and about 23%(n=28) of them used smokeless form of tobacco. Vast majority73%(n=52) of the smokers used cigarette and 14%(n=19) used bidi.

Conclusion:
A significant number of workers in thermal power station were found to use tobacco. Further studies are required to be conducted on a larger scale followed by analytical studies to establish the strength of association between the occupation related variables and tobacco consumption.
A Study to Analyze the Alkaline Phosphatase and Lactate Dehydrogenase Enzyme Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid During Orthodontic Tooth Movements
Authors: Kumar Barun Dev , Singh Neha , Verma Santosh Kumar , Singh Sneha , Thakur Sneha 
Published: July 2022

Background:
In orthodontic tooth development, bone turnover is described by bone testimony at locales of strain and bone resorption at areas of stress. There are metabolic disorders that may lead to tooth movement when the periodontal tissues are under mechanical stress. We needed to discover how the chemical movement of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in gingival crevicular liquid (GCF) vacillated when tensions were coordinated during introductory arrangement (P1) and withdrawal (P2).

Materials and Procedures:
Fifty persons, ranging in age from 11 to 21 years, were enrolled in the trial, all of whom required first premolar extractions and were enduring fixed orthodontic treatment. Every subject's test and control teeth were the maxillary canine (TT) and mandibular second molar (CT). Two μL of GCF was taken from the mesial side of both TT and CT and tried for the action of ALP and LDH utilizing a spectrophotometer on the 14th day following the finish of each stage.

Results:
The findings were analyzed using Student's t-test. Enzyme activity changed when the teeth moved during orthodontic treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of ALP and LDH activity between P1 and P2 at TT (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001). Neither ALP nor LDH activity differed significantly between P1 and P2, with a statistical significance of 0.054 and 0.061, respectively.

Conclusion:
According to this research, GCF ALP and LDH activity, as well as periodontal biologic activity during orthodontic tooth movement, can be properly detected.
Efficacy of Locking Miniplates in Managing Mandibular Fractures without Intermaxillary Fixation
Authors: Sweta Sweta , Raj Nikhil , Malik Manisha , Kumar Ashish , Kumar Mukesh , Ahamed Irfan KA , Rangari Priyadarshini 
Published: July 2022

Background:
In maxillofacial trauma, the most commonly encountered are mandibular fractures requiring treatment. Managing these fractures with rigid fixation abolish the intermaxillary fixation (IMF) requirement with reduction and early return to function.

Aims:
The present trial was carried out to assess clinically the effectiveness of new locking bone plate screw system postsurgically in mandibular fracture cases without IMF.

Materials and Methods:
In 18 subjects, the fracture site was exposed, fracture segments were reduced and approximated keeping the occlusal relationship is desirable using locking 2 mm mini plates and screws without IMF. The subjects were followed every week for initial 4 weeks followed by evaluation for up to 6 months every month to assess clinical and radiographic healing and the results were formulated.

Results:
Road traffic accident was the cause in 10 subjects (55.5%), followed by assault in 22.2% (n = 4) subjects, and fall from height in 16.6% (n = 3) subjects. Parasymphysis was involved in 44.4% (n = 8), followed by symphysis in 11.1% (n = 2) subjects. A minor complication of wound dehiscence was seen in 5.5% (n = 1) subjects that were managed conservatively and a major complication of infection was also seen in 1 subject that required removal of the plate at 4 weeks of follow-up. Following plate removal, IMF was done for that subject. All other sites were healed uneventfully. Primary healing in bone was seen in 94.4% (n = 17) subjects and it was not seen in the case with infection.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations, the present study concluded that the locking miniplate system is highly effective and reliable in treating mandibular fractures with acceptable results and a very low postoperative complications rate.
Randomized Controlled Study on Effect of Concentrated Growth Factors on Crestal Bone Levels and Peri-implant Bone Density in Dental Implants
Authors: Karthik V. C. , Prabhu K. , Bharath N. , Shobana P. , Indhu K. , Abraham Sonia , Arunalakshmi K. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Modern dentistry aims to restore the comfort and health of the stomatognathic system. Dental implants have emerged as a promising option for this purpose. Concentrated growth factors (CGFs) have been suggested to enhance the healing of bone grafts and enhance the integration of implants into the bone. Growth factors are proteins which regulate the complex process of wound healing. They play an important role in cell migration, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis in the tissue regeneration phase. CGF was first developed by Sacco in 2006. It can be used as a barrier membrane to accelerate soft-tissue healing. CGF does not require any chemical or anticoagulants, and hence, it is free from viral transmission diseases. Crestal bone levels, peri-implant bone density, bleeding, probing depth, mobility, occlusion factors, restoration adequacy, radiographic images, oral hygiene, and patient health status are some of the important parameters for determining longevity of success rates in implant dentistry. This study will assess the peri-implant bone density and crestal bone levels with and without the use of CGF.

Aim:
To evaluate the effect of CGFs on peri-implant bone density and in the preservation of crestal bone levels around dental implants.

Materials and Methods:
For Group 2, implants were placed with CGF. For Group 1, implants were placed without CGF. The peri-implant bone density and bone levels were measured by Digora and signora software.

Results:
The mean crestal bone loss on the mesial aspect of implants placed in Group 2 is 0.294 mm and Group 1 is 0.345 mm, and the mean crestal bone loss on the distal aspect of implants placed in Group 2 is 0.320 mm and in Group 1 is 0.331 mm. There are no many significant differences on mesial and distal aspects around implants between the two groups Intragroup comparison of bone density values in Group 1 shows the mean difference from baseline to 1 month is 0.6, and after three and 6 months periods are 1.1 and 1.1, respectively, which indicates not much significant improvement in bone density values in Group 1. Intergroup comparison shows a significant difference between both the groups starting from as early as the 1st month.

Conclusion:
The results of this study indicate that CGF is significantly better in the regeneration of bone around the implants when comparing with nonCGF groups. Although CGF showed improvement in bone formation, there are no many differences in crestal bone level changes on mesial and distal sides of the implants between the two groups.
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Various Restorative Materials in Pulpotomized Primary Molars - In Vitro Study
Authors: Thomas Jeswin M. , Bhat Sham S. , Amutha Prabha A. Esai , Harris Anoop , Rinu K , Mohan Amala P 
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives:
Conventionally, stainless steel crown (SSC) is the preferred material for the restoration of pulpotomized primary molars. However, in situations where stainless steel cannot be used necessity for other restorative material arises.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the microleakage of several coronal seal materials in pulpotomized primary molars– in vitro.

Methodology:
Seventy-five primary molars were prepared with proximo-occlusal cavities. Restoration was done with Zinc oxide eugenol cement, SSC, composite resin, resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (GIC), and amalgam. Microleakage was assessed using dye penetration technique with stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope.

Statistical Analysis and Results:
The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used to statistically analyze the results.

Conclusion:
With regard to this present study composite resin and resin-modified GIC offers a good alternative for SSC.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Related to OMICRON among Health-Care Personnel
Authors: Izna  , Ravindranath Kolla Venkata , Shankar Kiran S. , Arfee Sakib , Padma Priya C. V. , Shetty Chitharajan , Tiwari Heena Dixit 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
At the time when the world was unprepared for the corona pandemic, the health-care workers faced the challenge with great effort. Recently, the OMICRON has been burdening the medical fraternity. Hence, in our study, we aimed to evaluate the “knowledge, attitude, and practices” related to OMICRON among the medical health-care staff.

Materials and Methods:
We piloted an online cross-sectional questionnaire study using Google Forms among 1000 medical staff working at various levels of public and private sections. The questions were formulated to test for the practices, attitude, and knowledge of the new variant OMICRON. The data collected were compared using the Chi-square test, deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:
We observed that majority were male participants, with significant number at the ages of 20–40 years. There was lower knowledge, although good practice and positive attitude were noted among the medical health staff.

Conclusion:
The medical health-care personnel possessed less knowledge regarding the new variant OMICRON, although positive practices and attitudes were noted. Hence, the governments should take necessary steps to implement the training about the new variant.
Students Perception toward Effectiveness of Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic among University Dental Students in India and United Arab Emirates
Authors: Bharath C. , Annamma Lovely M. , John Reena Rachel , Vidhya Bhuvanesh Kumar Dharani , Desai Vijay B. 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
The rationale of this study was to compare the efficiency of online learning and the differences in outcome between the two universities in India and United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with a validated questionnaire among dental students of a dental college in India and a dental college in the UAE. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 22, and comparison was done using the Chi-square test, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
A total of 491 students responded to the questionnaire, of which 314 were from India and 177 from UAE. The awareness of online learning among students had increased after COVID-19, and Zoom was the most common platform (30.9%). The satisfaction ratio was 78.4%, and smartphones were commonly used by students. Based on the satisfaction of online learning, study participants from UAE had a higher mean attitude score (2.72 ± 0.98) as compared to Indian students (2.47 ± 0.77) (P < 0.027*).

Conclusion:
The study results show that online learning was comparable to traditional method of learning. Although poor network connectivity was a deterrent for online learning among students from India and UAE, future teaching methods could inculcate online teaching methods and hence encourage blended learning as part of the teaching curriculum.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (Kap) Survey on the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries (Tdis) among Dental Students in Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University (Psau), Alkharj
Authors: Uthman Uthman 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Traumatic dental injury (TDI) is described as a lesion of variable extension, intensity, and severity caused by forces acting on teeth due to falls, fights, traffic accidents, collisions against objects or people, and para-function and/or as a result of an assault. Appropriate treatments of TDIs can improve the outcome chance and reduce stress and anxiety for both patients and the dental team. Despite the importance of this topic, there remains a paucity of evidence on the current situation of TDI management among dental students in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University.

Objectives:
To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of dental students about the management of TDIs and compare the knowledge according to the year of study.

Methodology:
A KAP survey was conducted on undergraduate dental students at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University dentistry college. All clinical dental students (4th–5th year) and interns enrolled during the 2019–2020 academic year were invited to participate in the study (n = 92). Participants filled out a questionnaire containing 16 items related to KAPs toward the management of TDIs.

Results:
The majority of fifth-year students (78.8%) and interns (70.8%) perceived that TDIs have the priority to be seen as an urgent case, compared to only 45.7% of fourth-year students (P = 0.013). Also, more than half of study participants reported not following any protocol for TDIs with no significant differences between study years. Furthermore, 69.7% of fifth-year students and 66.7% of interns considered the Hanks-balanced solution as the best medium for storing an avulsed permanent tooth.

Conclusion:
The current results demonstrated a significant shortage in the KAP toward TDI management among dental students in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. Almost half of the students (45.7%) did not know any guidelines for the treatment of TDIs. The majority of study participants had no exposure to any previous workshops, symposiums, or conferences about managing TDIs, which makes it more difficult for them to understand and manage dental traumatic injuries. Hence, there is a need to assess the reasons behind this issue and develop solutions to improve the current situation.