bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Campaign of Ivan III to Novgorod in 1471
Authors: Kuchkin V. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the alignment of political forces in Novgorod on the eve and during the campaign of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III is considered. The author points to the rivalry of the pro-Moscovian and pro-Lithuanian groups existing in various social strata within the Novgorod archdiocese and among the Novgorod aristocracy and “zhitny” people.
—In this paper, the relationship between Moscow and Novgorod from the late 1450s to the early 1470s is studied. Based on new sources introduced by the author of this paper, it is established that the accession of Pskov, a “younger brother” of Novgorod, to Moscow did not take place in 1510, as stated in modern historiography, but in occurred in 1460. This radically changes the estimation of situation in Eastern Europe in the years 1460–1470. The transition of Pskov to under the rule of Moscow meant that a new and very large ruler appeared in the western lands of Russia, who could pose a threat to close states, such as Lithuania, Novgorod, and the Teutonic Order. The loss of Pskov influenced the position of Novgorod, which refused to pay the “black duty” as a tribute to the Golden Horde khans taking advantage of the illness of Grand Duke Vasilii II. The current situation threatened a big war. Both Novgorod and Moscow were looking for new allies. Moscow managed to neutralize at least the Livonian part of the Teutonic Order and the Golden Horde of Khan Akhmat. Novgorod was forced to enter into vassal relations with Casimir IV, King of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The transition of Novgorod from the power of Ivan III to the power of Casimir IV took place in the late autumn of 1470, but in the spring of 1471 the Moscow prince, having gathered great forces, began a war with Novgorod, in which he was supported by many Novgorodians who were economically connected with Moscow. The Novgorodians, having been defeated on the Shelon and Northern Dvina rivers, turned to Casimir IV for help, but their embassy was not allowed to visit him in Livonia. Left without military support, the Novgorodians went to peace. The Korostyn Treaty of August 11, 1471, prohibited Novgorod’s relations with Lithuanian princes and placed local courts under the control of Ivan III.
Postcapitalism: From Consumer Individualism to Expressive Individualism?
Authors: Davydov D. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is proposed to consider the transition to postcapitalism not as the struggle of the oppressed for a more just and equal society without class antagonisms but as a process of gradual displacement of consumer individualism by expressive individualism. Within the framework of this perspective, postcapitalism is not a fundamentally new socioeconomic system built on the ruins of capitalism but a set of social relations developing with the gradual deactualization of materialistic values for a significant part of the population (material wealth, money, etc.) and the growing importance of postmaterialistic values (self-realization, the search for the true self, etc.). In this sense, many phenomena associated with modern identity politics can be attributed to postcapitalism. Nevertheless, this article criticizes the perception of identity politics as a set of strategies and ways of fighting for equality and justice, presented as an approximation to the ideals of socialism or communism (the so-called overcoming of “systemic oppression”). Today, the struggle for diverse identities testifies to the triumph of individualism, as well as a new round of the “war of all against all” and the destruction of the common lifeworld.
Development of the Chinese A2/AD System in the Context of US–China Relations
Authors: Yevtodyeva M. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the growing arms race between the United States and China has begun to affect almost all areas of the offensive and defensive military potential of the two countries. One of its key directions is the development of the Chinese anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) system, aimed at blocking enemy’s military actions, information tools, and capabilities in various zones of the theater of operations, as well as the US response to counter this strategy. The Chinese A2/AD concept and its correlation with the doctrine of development of the Chinese Armed Forces are analyzed. Additionally, based on systematic analysis and analysis of sources and statistical data, the dynamics of strengthening the main elements of China’s A2/AD system over the past decade is discussed, including high-precision missiles, ground and air defense systems, fourth-generation tactical aircraft, electronic warfare, antisatellite weapons, and cyberwarfare. Several conclusions are made as to the effect of these processes on the US doctrines and principles of deploying forces in the Asia–Pacific region.
Musculoskeletal injury in military specialists: a 2-year retrospective study
Authors: Hayhurst Debra , Warner M , Stokes M , Fallowfield J 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMilitary specialists are elite personnel who are trained to work across diverse operational environments where a high level of physical conditioning is a prerequisite for their role. Anecdotally, personnel are acknowledged to be at high risk of developing musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs). However, there are presently no published data on this UK military population to support this view. This is the first (2-year) retrospective epidemiological study to identify the MSKI sustained by this military population.MethodsAll MSKI reported over a 2-year period (January 2018–December 2019) were recorded to identify the incidence, frequency, nature, onset, cause, location and reporting times. Injuries were described using injury count and relative frequency (percentage). Time at risk for each personnel day was calculated as 365 days.ResultsA total of 199 personnel reported 229 injuries over the reporting periods. The injury incidence rates were 26.8 personnel per 100 person years (2018) and 27.7 personnel per 100 person years (2019), respectively. Military training accounted for the highest number of injuries (32%), followed by ‘other injuries’ (28%), personal training (28%) and sport (12%). The leading activity associated with injury was weight training (15%), followed by running (11%) and military exercise (10%). Lower extremity injuries accounted for the highest number of injuries (40%), followed by trunk (36%) and upper extremity (24%) injuries.ConclusionThis study identifies the MSKI profile of a military specialist population over a 2-year period. Areas where modifiable risk factors may be identified to reduce risk of injury are highlighted. Recommendations for further research include investigating injury burden and the impact of injury on operational readiness.
A User-Centric Analysis of Social Media for Stock Market Prediction
Authors: Bouadjenek Mohamed Reda , Sanner Scott , Wu Ga 
Published: September 2022

Social media platforms such as Twitter or StockTwits are widely used for sharing stock market opinions between investors, traders, and entrepreneurs. Empirically, previous work has shown that the content posted on these social media platforms can be leveraged to predict various aspects of stock market performance. Nonetheless, actors on these social media platforms may not always have altruistic motivations and may instead seek to influence stock trading behavior through the (potentially misleading) information they post. While a lot of previous work has sought to analyze how social media can be used to predict the stock market, there remain many questions regarding the quality of the predictions and the behavior of active users on these platforms. To this end, this article seeks to address a number of open research questions: Which social media platform is more predictive of stock performance? What posted content is actually predictive, and over what time horizon? How does stock market posting behavior vary among different users? Are all users trustworthy or do some user’s predictions consistently mislead about the true stock movement? To answer these questions, we analyzed data from Twitter and StockTwits covering almost 5 years of posted messages spanning 2015 to 2019. The results of this large-scale study provide a number of important insights among which we present the following: (i) StockTwits is a more predictive source of information than Twitter, leading us to focus our analysis on StockTwits; (ii) on StockTwits, users’ self-labeled sentiments are correlated with the stock market but are only slightly predictive in aggregate over the short-term; (iii) there are at least three clear types of temporal predictive behavior for users over a 144 days horizon: short, medium, and long term; and (iv) consistently incorrect users who are reliably wrong tend to exhibit what we conjecture to be “botlike” post content and their removal from the data tends to improve stock market predictions from self-labeled content.
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: The Migration Games in Deduplicated Systems
Authors: Kisous Roei , Kolikant Ariel , Duggal Abhinav , Sheinvald Sarai , Yadgar Gala 
Published: September 2022

Deduplication reduces the size of the data stored in large-scale storage systems by replacing duplicate data blocks with references to their unique copies. This creates dependencies between files that contain similar content and complicates the management of data in the system. In this article, we address the problem of data migration, in which files are remapped between different volumes as a result of system expansion or maintenance. The challenge of determining which files and blocks to migrate has been studied extensively for systems without deduplication. In the context of deduplicated storage, however, only simplified migration scenarios have been considered.
In this article, we formulate the general migration problem for deduplicated systems as an optimization problem whose objective is to minimize the system’s size while ensuring that the storage load is evenly distributed between the system’s volumes and that the network traffic required for the migration does not exceed its allocation.

We then present three algorithms for generating effective migration plans, each based on a different approach and representing a different trade-off between computation time and migration efficiency. Our
greedy algorithm
provides modest space savings but is appealing thanks to its exceptionally short runtime. Its results can be improved by using larger system representations. Our
theoretically optimal algorithm
formulates the migration problem as an integer linear programming (ILP) instance. Its migration plans consistently result in smaller and more balanced systems than those of the greedy approach, although its runtime is long and, as a result, the theoretical optimum is not always found. Our
clustering algorithm
enjoys the best of both worlds: its migration plans are comparable to those generated by the ILP-based algorithm, but its runtime is shorter, sometimes by an order of magnitude. It can be further accelerated at a modest cost in the quality of its results.
Long Noncoding RNA TPRG1-AS1 Suppresses Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Attenuates Atherogenesis via Interacting With MYH9 Protein
Authors: Ren Xiaoxiao , Zhu Huijuan , Deng Keyong , Ning Xiaotong , Li Lin , Liu Dan , Yang Bin , Shen Chenyang , Wang Xianqiang , Wu Naqiong , Chen Shufeng , Gu Dongfeng , Wang Laiyuan 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study aims to functionally characterize long noncoding RNA TPRG1-AS1 (tumor protein p63 regulated 1, antisense 1) in HASMCs and reveal the underlying mechanism of TPRG1-AS1 in HASMCs migration, neointima formation, and subsequent atherosclerosis.

Methods:
The expression of TPRG1-AS1 in atherosclerotic plaques was verified a series of in silico analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Northern blot, rapid amplification of cDNA ends and Sanger sequencing were used to determine its full length. In vitro transcription-translation assay was used to investigate the protein-coding capacity of TPRG1-AS1. RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to confirm its subcellular localization. Loss- and gain-of-function studies were used to investigate the function of TPRG1-AS1. Furthermore, the effect of TPRG1-AS1 on the pathological response was evaluated in carotid balloon injury model, wire injury model, and atherosclerosis model, respectively.

Results:

TPRG1-AS1 was significantly increased in atherosclerotic plaques. TPRG1-AS1 did not encode any proteins and its full length was 1279nt, which was
bona fide
a long noncoding RNA. TPRG1-AS1 was mainly localized in cytoplasmic and perinuclear regions in HASMCs. TPRG1-AS1 directly interacted with MYH9 (myosin heavy chain 9) protein in HASMCs, promoted MYH9 protein degradation through the proteasome pathway, hindered F-actin stress fiber formation, and finally inhibited HASMCs migration. Vascular smooth muscle cell-specific transgenic overexpression of TPRG1-AS1 significantly reduced neointima formation, and attenuated atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (
Apoe
−/−
) mice.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that TPRG1-AS1 inhibited HASMCs migration through interacting with MYH9 protein and consequently suppressed neointima formation and atherosclerosis.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Financial Barriers Among Overweight and Obese Adults Eligible for Semaglutide in the United States
Authors: Lu Yuan , Liu Yuntian , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Semaglutide holds the promise for weight loss and risk reduction. Less is known about racial and ethnic disparities in financial barriers among the semaglutide‐eligible population.

Methods and Results

We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of adults aged 18 years or older using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015 to 2020. We analyzed adults eligible for semaglutide based on Food and Drug Administration labeling and assessed financial barriers and social determinants of health among the eligible population overall and by race and ethnicity. A total of 13 711 adults were included in the final analysis. In 2015 to 2020, 51.1% (48.3%–53.2%) of US adults (≈112.5 million) met the Food and Drug Administration eligibility criteria for semaglutide. The percentage of adults eligible for semaglutide was highest among Black adults (56.6% [54.2%–59.1%]), followed by Hispanic adults (55.0% [52.8%–57.3%]). Among adults eligible for semaglutide, 11.9% (10.1%–13.6%) were uninsured, 13.3% (12.1%–14.5%) lacked a usual source of care, 33.6% (30.2%–36.9%) had low family income, and 38.9% (36.5%–41.3%) lacked higher education. Compared with White individuals, significantly larger proportions of Black and Hispanic individuals were uninsured, lacked a usual source of care, had low family income, or lacked higher education (
P
<0.001 for all).

Conclusions
Many Americans who were eligible for semaglutide were likely to be unable to afford the medication. Among the eligible population, a larger proportion of Black and Hispanic adults had financial barriers than other subgroups.
Distribution Pattern Analysis of Cortical Brain Infarcts on Diffusion‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Hypothesis‐Generating Approach to the Burden of Silent Embolic Stroke
Authors: Schaller‐Paule Martin A. , Fritz Daniel , Schaefer Jan Hendrik , Hattingen Elke , Foerch Christian , Seiler Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Background
In patients with covert cerebrovascular disease or proximal source of embolism, embolic silent brain infarction may precede major stroke events. Therefore, characterization of particularly cortical silent brain infarction is essential for identifying affected patients and commencing adequate secondary prevention. This study aimed to investigate differences in the distribution pattern of cortical ischemic stroke lesions to assess potential predilection sites of cortical silent brain infarction.

Methods and Results
We prospectively included all consecutive patients with stroke presenting from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Diffusion‐weighted imaging lesions were used to generate voxel‐based lesion maps and assigned to atlas‐based cortical regions of interest in middle cerebral artery territories. Each region‐of‐interest lesion frequency was related to the respective region‐of‐interest volume to identify frequently affected and underrepresented cerebral cortex areas. Diffusion‐weighted imaging data for voxel‐based lesion maps were available in 334 out of 633 patients. Primary analysis revealed that small‐ (<0.24 cc) and medium‐sized (0.24–2640 cc) lesions distributed predominantly along regions associated with sensorimotor or language function. Detailed analysis within middle cerebral artery territories showed an approximated frequency of missed cortical stroke lesions of up to 67% in the right and 69% in the left hemisphere. In particular, the frontal, temporal, and occipital cortices were underrepresented. Larger lesion size and areas associated with higher cortical function led to hospital admission.

Conclusions
Cortical brain infarcts in hospitalized patients are not dispersed equally but are predominantly located in brain structures associated with motor control and sensory and language function. Matching underrepresented cerebral cortex regions to symptoms not yet associated with stroke warrants further exploration.
Association of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels During Statin Treatment With Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients With Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Yen Chieh‐Li , Fan Pei‐Chun , Lee Cheng‐Chia , Chen Jia‐Jin , Kuo George , Tu Yi‐Ran , Chu Pao‐Hsien , Hsu Hsiang‐Hao , Tian Ya‐Chung , Chang Chih‐Hsiang 
Published: September 2022

Background
The benefit of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels in chronic kidney disease populations remains unclear. This study evaluated the cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease with different LDL‐C levels during statin treatment.

Methods and Results
There were 8500 patients newly diagnosed as having stage 3 chronic kidney disease under statin treatment who were identified from the Chang Gung Research Database and divided into 3 groups according to their first LDL‐C level after the index date: <70 mg/dL, 70 to 100 mg/dL, and >100 mg/dL. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was performed to balance baseline characteristics. Compared with the LDL‐C ≥100 mg/dL group, the 70≤LDL‐C<100 mg/dL group exhibited significantly lower risks of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (6.8% versus 8.8%; subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.64–0.91]), intracerebral hemorrhage (0.23% versus 0.51%; SHR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.25–0.77]), and new‐onset end‐stage renal disease requiring chronic dialysis (7.6% versus 9.1%; SHR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.73–0.91]). By contrast, the LDL‐C <70 mg/dL group exhibited a marginally lower risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (7.3% versus 8.8%; SHR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.65–1.02]) and a significantly lower risk of new‐onset end‐stage renal disease requiring chronic dialysis (7.1% versus 9.1%; SHR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.67–0.85]).

Conclusions
Among patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease, statin users with 70≤LDL‐C<100 mg/dL and with LDL‐C <70 mg/dL had similar beneficial effect in the reduction of risks of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events and new‐onset end‐stage renal disease compared with those with LDL‐C >100 mg/dL. Moreover, the 70≤LDL‐C<100 mg/dL group seemed to have a lowest risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, although the incidence was low.
On the Economic Consequences of Mass Shootings
Authors: Brodeur Abel , Yousaf Hasin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the economic consequences of mass shootings. We find that shootings have negative effects on targeted counties’ economies. Estimates using three different comparison groups yield similar results. Examining the mechanisms, we find that residents of targeted areas: (i) develop pessimistic views of financial and local business conditions; and (ii) are more likely to report poor mental health, which hinders usual activities such as work, suggesting that shootings lead to decreases in productivity. Further, we find that greater national media coverage of shootings exacerbates their local economic consequences.
What Do Cross-Country Surveys Tell Us about Social Capital?
Authors: Tannenbaum David , Cohn Alain , Zünd Christian Lukas , Maréchal Michel André 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We assess the predictive power of survey measures of social capital with a new behavioral data set that examines whether citizens report a lost wallet to its owner. Using data from more than 17,000 lost wallets across 40 countries, we find that survey measures of social capital—especially questions concerning generalized trust or generalized morality—are strongly and significantly correlated with country-level differences in wallet reporting rates. A second finding is that lost wallet reporting rates predict unique variation in the outputs of social capital, such as economic development and government effectiveness, not captured by existing measures.
Sex differences in pelvic and sacral size in wildcat from the Western Carpathians
Authors: Csanády Alexander , Krišovský Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sexual differences in the wildcat were evaluated on 15 variables in 49 pelvic and 38 sacral bones in wildcat from the Western Carpathians. Our data confirmed a male-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in the pelvic and sacral bones. The effect size was very large for two pelvic (SB, smallest width of the shaft of the ilium; and LAR, length of the acetabulum) and two sacral traits (GB, greatest width across the wings; and BFcr, greatest width of the cranial articular surface). Our different allometric patterns in pelvic and sacral measures in both sexes may also be important in mode of locomotion. These findings highlight the need for morphometric analysis of species at the regional as well global level.