bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT-Based Radiomics and Machine Learning for Differentiating Benign, Borderline, and Early-stage Malignant Ovarian Tumors: A Multi-Class Classification and Multi-Model Comparation Study
Authors: Chen Jia , Liu Lei , He Ziying , Su Danke , Liu Chanzhen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
To explore and evaluate value a preoperative diagnosis model with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging-based radiomics analysis in differentiating benign ovarian tumors (BeOTs), borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs), and early-stage malignant ovarian tumors (eMOTs).
Results
The retrospective research was conducted with pathologically confirmed 258 ovarian tumors patients from January 2014 to February 2021. All patients underwent preoperative CECT examination. The patients were randomly allocated to a training cohort (n = 198) and a test cohort (n = 60). A summary of 4238 radiomic features were extracted per patient. By providing a 3D characterization of the regions of interest (ROI) with ITK SNAP software at the maximum level of enhanced CT image, radiomic features were extracted from the ROI with an in-house software written in Python. The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney (WMW) test, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression (LASSO-LR) and support vector machine (SVM) were employed to select the radiomic features. Five machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to construct three-class diagnostic models for characterizing ovarian tumors taking the selected radiomic features parameters. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) that estimated performance in an ‘independent’ dataset was implemented to evaluate the performance of the radiomics models in the training cohort. An independent dataset, that is the test cohort, was used to verify the generalization ability of the radiomics models. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was used to evaluate diagnostic performance of radiomics model. Global diagnostic performance of five models were evaluated by average area under the ROC curve (AUC).
Conclusion
The average ROC indicated that random forest (RF) diagnostic model in training cohort demonstrated the best diagnostic performance (micro average AUC, 0.98; macro average AUC, 0.99), which was then confirmed with by internal cross-validation (LOOCV) (micro average AUC, 0.89; macro average AUC, 0.88) and external validation (test cohort) (micro average AUC, 0.81; macro average AUC, 0.79). Our proposed CECT image-based radiomics diagnostic models may effectively assist in preoperatively differentiating BeOTs, BOTs, and eMOTs.
Objective collapse induced by macroscopic object
Authors: Acharya Arnab , Jeware Pratik , Banerjee Soumitro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The collapse of the wavefunction is arguably the least understood process in quantum mechanics. A plethora of ideas---macro-micro divide, many worlds and even consciousness---have been put forth to resolve the issue. Contrary to the standard Copenhagen interpretation, objective collapse models modify the Schrödinger equation with nonlinear and stochastic terms in order to explain the collapse of the wavefunction. In this paper we propose a collapse model in which a particle's wavefunction has a possibility of collapsing when it interacts with macroscopic objects, without the intervention of a conscious observer. We propose four possible conditions of collapse of the wavefunction and make testable predictions which differ from standard quantum mechanics.
Quality of care and quality of life as experienced by patients with advanced cancer of a rare tumour type: results of the multicentre observational eQuiPe study
Authors: Oss Anouk van , Duijts Saskia F.A. , Laarhoven Hanneke van , Kuip Evelien , Raijmakers Natasja JH , Brom Linda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose Patients with a rare cancer face difficulties during their disease trajectory, such as delayed diagnosis and lack of expert care. However, little is known about their perceived Quality of Care (QoC) and Quality of Life (QoL) in the advanced disease stage. We aimed to assess the QoC and QoL as experienced by patients with advanced rare cancers compared to patients with advanced common cancers.
Methods In this cross-sectional study, baseline data of patients with advanced cancer from the multicentre, longitudinal, observational eQuipe study were analysed. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to assess differences in experienced QoC (continuity of care, continuity of information, and satisfaction with care) and QoL (functioning, symptoms, overall QoL, and social wellbeing) between advanced rare and common cancer patients.
Results Of the 1,087 included patients, 106 (9.8%) had a rare cancer type. In comparison to patients with advanced common cancers, patients with advanced rare cancers experienced significantly lower continuity of care (77.8 vs. 71.1 respectively, p=0.011) and social functioning (78.8 vs. 72.6 respectively, p=0.012). No differences were found regarding continuity of information, satisfaction with care, overall QoL, and social wellbeing.
Conclusions Patients with advanced rare cancers experience less continuity of care and the impact of the disease on social and family life seems higher compared to patients with advanced common cancers.
Implications for Cancer Survivors To enhance the QoC and QoL of patients with advanced rare cancers, supportive care should mainly focus on improving continuity of care and patients’ social functioning.
Mobility as a Basic Human Right: A Situated Understanding of Mobility among Persons with Physical Disabilities in Rural Talensi District, Ghana
Authors: AGYEMAN LAWRENCE OPOKU 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Mobility is a requisite for human well-being and cannot be compromised. The mobility barrier research has focused on urban areas, leaving rural areas with few studies on critical challenges related to movement in both the natural and built environment. This study then sought to fill this gap. Snowballing was used to select 75 Persons With Physical Disabilities in the District for a household survey. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the Association of Persons with Physical Disabilities, and the Officers from the Department of Social Welfare to provide further insights into the findings. The data gathered were coded, categorized, and analyzed to identify patterns to create an understanding of the mobility barriers among Persons With Physical Disabilities. The topographical features of the district, consisting of stones, rocks, valleys, hills, and slopes, have made maneuvering extremely difficult for people with disabilities. The built environment, such as small entrances and bad roads, and high ramps have created mobility barriers for people with disabilities. The presence of native stairs and smaller gates forced people with disabilities to park their wheelchairs outside their homes. The lack of a sidewalk puts disabled people at high risk of accidents as both share the same road with vehicles. The study recommended that rural homes and roads be designed and built to make their disability responsive.
Measurements on the Effect of Steps on the Transition of Laminar Boundary Layers
Authors: Heintz Alexander , Scholz Peter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The effects of steps on the transition of laminar boundary layers were measured on a flat plate for low Reynolds numbers with critical and subcritical step heights. The transition position was measured by determining the intermittency distribution in streamwise direction, including the characteristic length of the transitional region. The results are compared with formulations of a critical step Reynolds number Reh, i.e. the step height that will instantly trigger transition at the step position, and--for subcritical step heights--with δN-formulations from literature. For backward facing steps the concept of a step Reynolds number can be used to distinguish between subcritical and critical step heights, whereas for forward facing steps there seems not to be one unique Reh. Furthermore, for subcritical backward facing steps the concept of a δN-approximation gives a reasonable description of the experimental observations. Again in contrast, for forward facing steps a δN-approach scattered a lot and no clear dependency was found between the reduction of the critical N-Factor of transition and the relative step height.
MaxEnt modeling in predicting habitat suitability for Syzygium alternifolium - An endangered species from Eastern Ghats, India.
Authors: Pattanaik S. , Koteshwar P. , Hembram K. , Ashok D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Syzygium alternifolium (Wight) Walp. is a medium-sized tree economically exploited locally for its medicinal uses. Its seeds, fruit pulp, leaves and bark are used locally in ayurvedic medicines for the treatment of various ailments. It is an endemic and endangered species that is narrowly confined to the southern parts of Eastern Ghats, India. To understand its ecological and geographic distribution and to identify potential habitats for its introduction/reintroduction to assist its recovery from the endangered category, we used MaxEnt for ecological niche modeling (ENM), taking one hundred sixty-six species occurrences and twenty-six climatic and topographical datasets as input. The MaxEnt model has identified five variables having maximum bearing on S. alternifolium distribution and has successfully reconstructed the species’ geographic distribution in the Seshachalam, Veligonda and Lankamalla hill ranges of Eastern Ghats. The model predicts 95% of the study area to be potentially least suitable for S. alternifolium, whereas only 5% of the study area is predicted to be moderate to highly potentially suitable for the species. Furthermore, the model identified novel, potential habitats with similar ecological conditions that can be used as a guide for the introduction/reintroduction of S. alternifolium to expand its range and assist in species recovery from its endangered category.
Redo mitral surgery after coronary artery bypass grafts under hyperkalemic hypothermia using thoracotomy and axillary artery cannulation in a patient with functional bilateral internal thoracic arteries and atheromatous aorta
Authors: Suzuki Ryo , Akita Masafumi , Itohara Takaki , Komatsu Takuya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background

Redo mitral valve surgery after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is challenging through re-sternotomy as previous CABG with patent internal thoracic artery (ITA) poses a risk of injury due to dense adhesion. It is paramount to have alternative method to minimize this risk.

Case presentation

We report a case of redo mitral and tricuspid valve repair via right thoracotomy under hypothermia and systemic potassium administration with axillary artery cannulation in a patient after CABG with patent bilateral ITAs grafts crossing over the sternum. Herein, dangerous dissection around the aorta and functional ITA grafts was avoided by performing the procedure under systemic hypothermia via thoracotomy. Furthermore, considering the presence of atheroma in the aorta, the axillary artery was used as a perfusion route to prevent stroke events. Postoperative course was uneventful and echocardiography demonstrated preserved cardiac function.

Conclusion

Performing axillary artery cannulation and right thoracotomy under hypothermic cardiac arrest with systemic hyperkalemia without clamping the patent bilateral ITAs and aorta allowed us to execute redo mitral valve surgery after CABG without major postoperative cardiac or cerebral complications.
Improving debris flow evacuation alerts in Taiwan using machine learning
Authors: Tsai Yi-Lin , Irvin Jeremy , Chundi Suhas , Ng Andrew Y. , Field Christopher B. , Kitanidis Peter K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Taiwan has the highest susceptibility to and fatalities from debris flows worldwide. The existing debris flow warning system in Taiwan, which uses a time-weighted measure of rainfall, leads to alerts when the measure exceeds a predefined threshold. However, this system generates many false alarms and misses a substantial fraction of the actual debris flows. Towards improving this system, we implemented five machine learning models that input historical rainfall data and predict whether a debris flow will occur within a selected time. We found that a random forest model performed the best among the five models and outperformed the existing system in Taiwan. Furthermore, we identified the rainfall trajectories strongly related to debris flow occurrences and explored trade-offs between the risks of missing debris flows versus frequent false alerts. These results suggest the potential for machine learning models trained on hourly rainfall data alone to save lives while reducing false alerts.
Pattern and Characteristics of Traffic Congestion in Nigerian Metropolitan Centres: an Example of Abeokuta Metropolis
Authors: Ogunkan David Victor , Eyitayo Olaleye O. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Against the background of the ineffable hardship on residents and commuters, this paper examines the intensity, pattern and characteristics of traffic in the selected road corridors in Abeokuta metropolis, Nigeria. Data on road types and land use types was obtained through a structured observation using a predesigned checklist. Traffic census was conducted to obtain traffic characteristics, using the morning and evening peaks as a parameter. The traffic volume and traffic capacity were measured in "vehicle per hour" (vph) and Passengers Car Unit per hour (PCU/hr). The differences in traffic volume at different peak hours were analyzed with the chi-square test, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was deployed to analyse the variations in traffic composition among the studied road corridors. The study finds that Sapo-Ijaye-Iyana Mortuary (2315 vph) recorded the highest daily peak traffic volume, cars (4444 vph.) had the highest numbers traffic composition, while buses (4872 PCU/hr) are the most impactful class of vehicles. The Chi-square test shows that with x = 0.822604; p = 0.84405 there are no significant differences in the vph between morning and evening peaks, while the ANOVA shows that with f = 3.3106 and p = 1.0000, the traffic composition did not vary significantly across the studied roads. The study recommends the enhancement of road capacities through upgrading to meet the current and future transportation requirements. The study also suggests alternative traffic routes such as rail lines to support the movement of heavy-duty trucks.
The physical health recovery, the practice of the reproductive method of adaptive physical education
Authors: Mulyk Vladyslav , Павленко Віктор , Mulyk Kateryna , Yefremenko Andrii , Shutieieva Tetiana , Kraynik Yaroslav , Pyatisotskaya Svetlana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The article focuses on the need to introduce modern alternative health-saving methods and technologies of physical education, in particular, health tourism as an important factor in the educational process and a leading factor in the socialization and harmonious development of children and young people with special needs. The problem of physical education of pupil’s and student’s youth is relevant at the present stage of the development of health tourism. Adaptive physical education is an important factor in the rehabilitation of students who have limited physical health opportunities. We admit that the implementation of the program of health measures to organize the physical activity of students using the natural sedative factors of health tourism will have a great impact on the physical and mental development, social and psychophysical condition of students.
Purpose. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the scientific and pedagogical aspects of the reproductive method of adaptive physical education of the student youth with special needs using health tourism. Involvement of this category of students in physical education. To determine the social significance of adaptive physical culture in renewed and maintaining the state of physical and psychological health of people with special needs.
Approach. A set of complementary methods by the assigned task is used in the work. Analysis and generalization of domestic and world experience on the problem of renewal and rehabilitation by methods and means of adaptive physical culture were carried out. The scientific special literature was analyzed on the problems of applying means of physical culture, on the complex resumption of physical health. Students of non-physical education institutions of higher education in Kharkiv took part in the research. The questionnaire survey technique is used in the experiment. In this method, we used the questionnaire that consists of 8 questions and was applied to up to 60 individuals regardless of gender.
Results. The reproductive method of adaptive physical education is aimed at improving the knowledge in physical rehabilitation and forming the skills of persons with special needs to use natural factors for body resumption. The introduction of a mental-conceptual model increased awareness of health tourism means and methods by 18,5% (t = 2,41; p < 0,01). Psychological comfort after the proposed measures to preserve the state of physical and psychological health of students with special needs improved by 61,3% (t = 3,47; p < 0,001).
Conclusions. The search for ways to make optimal use of health tourism for the renewal of health and social adaptation of persons with special needs is one of the main areas of adaptive physical education.
Development and Validation of a Model Based on Cancer Registries for Predicting the Mean Age at Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Population
Authors: Kim Ha young , Mullaert Jimmy , Tondreau Ambre , Park Boyoung , Rouzier Roman 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Knowing mean age at diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) in a country is important to set up an efficient BC screening program. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a model to predict mean age at diagnosis of BC at the level of a country. To develop the model, we used the CI5plus database from IARC, which contains incidence data for 122 selected populations for a minimum of 15 consecutive years 1993–2012. The standard model was fitted with a generalized linear model with age of population as fixed effect and continent as random effect. The model was validated on registries of the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents that are not included in the CI5plus database. The intercept of the model was 44.5 (41.8–47.2) and the regression coefficient for age population was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.33–0.37, p < 0.001). The marginal R2 and conditional R2 were respectively 0.159 and 0.69, suggesting that 69% percent of the variance of the mean age at diagnosis of BC was explained by the variance of continent-based population ageing through their linear relationship. The model was highly exportable as the correlation between predicted from the model and observed mean age at diagnosis of BC in registries not included in the CI5plus database was 0.87. We developed a robust model based on population age and continent to predict mean age at diagnosis of BC in populations. This tool could be used to implement BC screening in countries without prevention program.
Economic assessment of selected regulatory ecosystem services (RES) in the Elgeyo and Nyambene Watersheds Ecosystems in Kenya
Authors: Eregae Justus E. , Njogu Paul , Karanja Rebecca , Gichua Moses 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

There is evidence of increased valuation of ecosystem services (ES) globally, however most of these studies tend to focus on marketed subsets of ES at national and international levels. Ecosystems differ in spatial scale, biophysical and ecological structure and functionality. This requires conducting studies at the local level to understand how, for example, the watershed ecosystem contributes to humanity both locally and nationally. This study focuses on selected regulatory ecosystem services (RES) in two catchment area ecosystems (Elgeyo and Nyambene) in Kenya. Both field-based sampling and Landsat imagery with secondary information were used to generate biophysical and ecological data. Market price-based, cost-based and unit transfer methods were used for the valuation. Aggregated economic values ​​for the selected RES were estimated at KES 37.4 billion (US$349.6 million) and KES 14 billion (US$131.3 million) for Elgeyo and Nyambene respectively. This equates to KES 1.5 million (US$13,848.48) and KES 2.6 million (US$24,187.44) per hectare per year. At the national level, the value of regulatory ecosystem services would range from US$16.6 billion to US$29.03 billion. This equates to between 15% and 26% of Kenya’s GDP in 2021, underscoring the importance of watersheds to the national economy.
Outpatients prescribed with fluvoxamine around the time of COVID-19 diagnosis are not at a reduced risk of subsequent hospitalization and death compared to their non-prescribed peers: population-based matched cohort study
Authors: Trkulja Vladimir , Kodvanje Ivan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the effect of exposure to fluvoxamine around the COVID-19 diagnosis on subsequent hospitalizations and mortality in COVID-19 outpatients in a real-life setting.
Methods: Using nationwide administrative data, we identified adult COVID-19 outpatients diagnosed up to August 15, 2021 and conducted two cohort studies. Study 1 included subjects prescribed fluvoxamine around the index COVID-19 diagnosis (Cohort A), their peers suffering similar psychiatric difficulties but not prescribed fluvoxamine (Cohort B) and those free of psychiatric difficulties/treatments (Cohort C). Study 2 included subjects prescribed fluvoxamine (Cohort Fluvoxamine) and their peers prescribed paroxetine (Cohort Paroxetine). Cohorts were mutually exactly matched and incidence of COVID-19-related hospitalization, 30-day all-cause hospitalization and of COVID-19-related mortality was estimated.
Results: Of the 416030 first-episode outpatients, Study 1 included 1016 Cohort A, 95984 Cohort B and 275804 Cohort C patients. Matched Cohort A (n=749) vs. Cohort B (n=31336) relative risks (95%CI/CrI), frequentist and Bayes with skeptical, otpimistic and pesimistic priors, were: COVID-related hospitalization 1.37 (0.56-3.33), 1.15 (0.55-2.11), 1.03 (0.56.1.96) and 1.43 (0.63-2.94), respectively; 30-day all-cause hospitalization 1.88 (0.76-4.67), 1.76 (1.39-2.25), 1.76 (1.39-2.24) and 1.86 (1.43-2.38), respectively; COVID-19 related mortality 0.73 (0.35-1.55), 0.93 (0.53-1.76), 0.79 (0.40-1.54) and 0.88 (0.37-2.11), respectively. Matched Cohort A vs. C (866 vs. 222792) comparison yielded similar estimates, as did the matched Cohort Fluvoxamine vs. Paroxetine comparison in Study 2 (344 of 994 matched to 535 of 1796 patients).
Conslusion: Outpatients prescribed fluvoxamine around the time of COVID-19 diagnosis were not at a reduced risk of hospitalizations and mortality compared to their non-prescribed peers.