bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission Pattern of Measles Virus Circulating in China During 1993–2021: Genotyping Evidence Supports That China Is Approaching Measles Elimination
Authors: Wang Huiling , Zhu Zhen , Duan Xiaojian , Song Jinhua , Mao Naiying , Cui Aili , Wang Changyin , Du Hui , Wang Yan , Li Fangcai , Zhou Shujie , Feng Daxing , Li Chongshan , Gao Hui , He Jilan , Li Liqun , Lei Yue , Zheng Huanying , Gong Tian , Hu Ying , Xu Changping , Zhao Hua , Sun Zhaodan , Chen Ying , Tang Xiaomin , Chen Meng , Deng Lili , Wang Shuang , Tian Xiaoling , Zhang Ting , Si Yuan , Yuan Fang , Fan Lixia , Mahemutijiang Kuerban , Chen Zhifei , Chen Haiyun , Xu Wenbo , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
To provide useful insights into measles elimination progress in China, measles surveillance data were reviewed, and the transmission patterns of measles viruses circulating in China during 1993–2021 were analyzed.

Methods
Measles incidence data from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. A total of 17 570 strains were obtained from 30 of 31 provinces in mainland China during 1993–2021. The recommended genotyping window was amplified. Genotyping analysis was conducted for comparison with the reference strains. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify genetic relationships among different lineages within the genotypes.

Results
With high coverage of routine immunization and intensive supplementary immunization activities, measles incidence has shown a downward trend since 1993, despite 2 resurgences, reaching a historic low level in 2020–2021 (average 0.5 per million). During 1993–2021, 9 genotypes including domestic genotype H1; imported genotypes B3, D4, D8, D9, D11, G3, and H2; and vaccine-associated genotype A were identified. Among them, the genotype H1 strain circulated endemically in China for more than 25 years; the last strain was detected in Yunnan Province in September 2019. Multiple imported genotypes have been identified since 2009 showing different transmission patterns. Since April 2020, no imported strains have been detected, while vaccine-associated genotype A continues to be detected.

Conclusions
The evidence of low incidence during 2020–2021 and virological surveillance data in this study confirm that China is currently approaching measles elimination.
Economic evaluation of physical activity interventions for type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review
Authors: Barbosa Ana , Whiting Stephen , Ding Ding , Brito João , Mendes Romeu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEconomic evaluation of physical activity interventions has become an important area for policymaking considering the high costs attributable to physical inactivity. However, the evidence for such interventions targeting type 2 diabetes control is scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to synthesize economic evaluation studies of physical activity interventions for type 2 diabetes management.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement (PROSPERO reference number CRD42021231021). An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and NHS Economic Evaluation Database. Studies were eligible if they included: adults with type 2 diabetes; any physical activity intervention in the community settings; an experimental or quasi-experimental design; and a parameter of economic evaluation [cost analysis of interventions, cost-effectiveness analysis (including cost-utility analysis) and cost-benefit analysis] as an outcome.ResultsTen studies were included in this review: seven were randomized controlled trials and three were quasi-experimental studies. All studies included direct costs, and four also included indirect costs. Four studies demonstrated that physical activity interventions were cost-saving, six studies showed cost-effectiveness, and two studies reported cost-utility. The estimates varied considerably across the studies with different analytical and methodological approaches.ConclusionOverall, this systematic review found that physical activity interventions are a worth investment for type 2 diabetes management. However, comparability across interventions was limited due to heterogeneity in interventions type, design and delivery, which may explain the differences in the economic measures.
Differences in body composition and physical fitness parameters among prepubertal and pubertal children engaged in extracurricular sports: the active health study
Authors: Manzano-Carrasco Samuel , Garcia-Unanue Jorge , Lopez-Fernandez Jorge , Hernandez-Martin Antonio , Sanchez-Sanchez Javier , Gallardo Leonor , Felipe Jose Luis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to analyze the associations of maturity status, chronological age and sex with physical fitness and body composition among active children.

Methods
A total of 1682 children (72% boys; age = 11.22 ± 2.64 years; height = 147.57 ± 15.87 cm; weight = 44.55 ± 15.29 kg) from rural areas participating in extracurricular sports were divided into four groups according to their sex and maturity status (prepubertal and pubertal according to stages described by Tanner). Body composition (body mass index, muscle mass and fat mass) and physical fitness (20-m shuttle-run test, handgrip strength and vertical jump) were assessed using standardized procedures. A two-way ANOVA and product–moment correlations were performed.

Results
Prepubertal boys had more fat mass (%) than pubertal boys [P&lt;0.001; effect size (ES): 0.45], while prepubertal girls had more muscle mass (%) than pubertal girls (P&lt;0.001; ES: 0.47). The pubertal group displayed higher fitness outcomes (absolute values) regardless of sex (P&lt;0.05). However, the prepubertal group had higher percentile values in the 20-m shuttle-run test and vertical jumps than the pubertal group regardless of sex (P &lt; 0.001; ES: 0.29–0.48). All the measures of physical fitness were positively associated with chronological age and muscle mass (%).

Conclusions
Although absolute values of body composition and physical fitness appear to increase among pubertal children participating in extracurricular sports, the percentiles indicate that puberty is accompanied with a loss of a physical fitness levels. Thus, extracurricular sports might not be enough to enhance fitness among adolescents.
How adherence to the updated physical activity guidelines should be assessed with accelerometer?
Authors: Vähä-Ypyä Henri , Sievänen Harri , Husu Pauliina , Tokola Kari , Mänttäri Ari , Heinonen Olli J , Heiskanen Jarmo , Kaikkonen Kaisu M , Savonen Kai , Kokko Sami , Vasankari Tommi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The aerobic part of the recently updated physical activity (PA) guidelines for adults recommends at least 150 min of moderate or at least 75 of vigorous-intensity PA or an equivalent combination of both. PA can be accumulated of any bout duration. On an absolute scale, moderate-intensity threshold is 3 metabolic equivalents (METs) and vigorous 6 METs. On a scale relative to individual’s personal capacity, moderate-intensity threshold is 40% and vigorous 60% of the oxygen uptake reserve. In this study, the adherence to the new guidelines was evaluated using both absolute and relative thresholds.

Methods
Totally, 1645 adults aged 20–64 years, participated in this population-based study and their cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was estimated with 6-min walking test. The participants with estimated maximal oxygen uptake &lt;7.9 MET were categorized as low CRF group and the others as adequate CRF group. The participants were instructed to wear a triaxial hip-worn accelerometer for 1 week and their adherence to PA guidelines was assessed from the accelerometer data.

Results
The adequate CRF group had higher adherence to PA guidelines with the absolute thresholds, but the use of relative thresholds inverted the results. The adherence varied from 20% to 99% in the total sample depending on the analysis parameters of accelerometer data.

Conclusions
The absolute thresholds provide a more appropriate basis to assess the adherence to PA guidelines in population-based samples and interventions. The use of individually determined relative thresholds may be more useful for individual exercise prescriptions in PA counseling.
S03 A physical literacy eco-system in Denmark: from research to practice … and back again
Authors: Elsborg Peter , Bentsen Peter , Nielsen Glen , Melby Paulina Sander , Ryom Knud , Kurtzhals Mette 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The burden of non communicable diseases is a rising global problem and the increasing inactivity seen all over the world is extremely costly to societies (Ding et al., 2016). A recent Danish evaluation on physical activity (PA) showed that a considerable number of Danish children and adolescents do not meet national PA recommendations (The Ministry of Health, 2019). Viewing this problem through a life course perspective points to the solution of making sustainable behavioural changes with children (Frohlich & Potvin, 2010). Across the life span, there is clear evidence of the health-enhancing benefits of PA (Lee et al., 2012). However, at the same time, ample empirical evidence supports that extrinsic motives for participating in PA, such as increasing health, are insufficient when long term participation is the goal. This means that prevention and health promotion interventions should not blindly target the factors and behaviours that predict adult health, such as PA, but move towards intervening on the ‘so-called’ causes of the causes such as factors enabling a physical active lifestyle throughout life. Physical literacy (PL) is a comprehensive multidimensional concept that has been identified as a ‘cause of the causes’. PL consists of dimensions that lay the foundation for an individual’s capacity and tendency for engaging in physical activities throughout life (Whitehead, 2001). In this symposium, we aim to present four research and interventions projects from the education, sport and public health sectors that have emerged in the last couple of years, and through the presentation of these projects, how we in Denmark have established a PL ecosystem between research and practice – and how our national collaboration, PL-net, has contributed to this.

Program
1) Introduction to the symposium 2) Physical literacy, physical activity and wellbeing in Danish children 3) The Child-COOP Denmark study: using physical literacy to guide and evaluate a systemic approach to health promotion 4) Staying active together in sports: the importance of and how to promote the emotional domain of physical literacy 5) 3PL: Promoting pupils’ physical literacy: a pilot study testing feasibility and acceptability of the Y-PATH intervention in a Danish school setting 6) The symposium will be ended by a panel debate where it also will be possible for the participants to comment and ask questions.
S03-2 The Child-COOP Denmark study: using physical literacy to guide and evaluate a systemic approach to health promotion
Authors: Ryom Knud , Kirkegaard Helene , Østergaard Jane Nautrup , Maindal Helle Terkildsen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Children’s health is generally considered a complex interplay between multiple factors. Interventions building on community-based participatory research and system dynamics have shown promising potential in improving children's health behavior and well-being. This presentation aims to present how physical literacy can be used to guide and evaluate a systemic approach to health promotion.

Methods
System dynamics techniques such as group model building, is used to engage a whole community in a rural area of Denmark and develop local actions for enhancing among other physical activity. A central health outcome in The Child-COOP Denmark study is physical literacy, which is measured by using DAPL (the Danish version of CAPL). Physical literacy will be used as a central element to guide and evaluate the project. The evaluation design includes repeated measures of childhood health behavior, physical literacy and well-being among 100 children (6-13 y) attending the local primary school. With data collection at baseline and at 2 and 4 years of follow up.

Results
Furthermore, physical literacy results throughout the project period will also be used to guide new local actions in the environment aiming to enhance the local children’s health, well-being and physical activity.

Discussion
The potential of using physical literacy measures to guide and evaluate a participatory systems approach in order to solve complex health problems, is discussed and debated with the audience.
S09-1 Which transport policies increase physical activity of the whole of society? A Systematic Review
Authors: Zukowska Joanna , Gobis Anna , Krajewski Piotr , Morawiak Agnieszka , Okraszewska Romanika , Woods Catherine B , Volf Kevin , Kelly Liam , Gelius Peter , Messing Sven , Forberger Sarah , Lakerveld Jeroen , Bengoechea Enrique García ,   on behalf of the PEN consortium
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
There is strong evidence of the links between car-dependence and the global physical inactivity epidemic. If eliminated, physical inactivity would remove between 6% and 10% of major non-communicable diseases that are the leading cause of death globally, killing 38 million people each year. Research consistently shows that unlike passive transport (e.g. driving a car), active transport (i.e., walking, cycling) is associated with higher total daily physical activity (PA). While there are public policies that support PA in transport and, as a result, overall PA levels, the specific quantitative effect of such policies on PA behaviour has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the level and type of evidence for policies in the area of transport that contribute to higher PA levels of society at large.

Methods
Six databases (MEDLINE (Ebsco), SportDiscus, Cinahl, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched for key concepts of policy, transport, evaluation and PA. Methodological quality was assessed using standardised tools. The strength of the evidence of policy impact was described based on pre-determined categories of positive, negative, inconclusive or untested.

Results
17 of 2,549 studies were included in the data synthesis. The authors identified three main transport policy areas with 60 individual policy actions that had a direct or indirect effect on PA. The policy areas were: convenient transport infrastructure development, active travel promotion and shift of transport mode. These areas correspond to Haddon's methodological approach of the transport system division in to three elements (human, vehicle, road). More than half of the policy actions identified (53%) had a positive effect on PA. Study quality ratings were moderate to good.

Conclusions
PA levels can be increased by implementing policies that provide convenient, safe, and connected walking and cycling infrastructures, promote active travel and give strong support to public transport. There is also clear evidence that active travel policies work best when implemented in a comprehensive way (very often as a combination of several policies). This may include infrastructure and facility improvements as well as educational programmes to achieve substantial shifts towards active modes of travel.
P01-14 National policy response to the Sustainable Development Goals: a physical activity case study of Wales
Authors: Sharp Catherine , Mackintosh Kelly , Willmot Rhi , Hughes Rachel , McNarry Melitta , Milton Karen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Issue
Population level changes in physical activity (PA) may benefit from policy intervention. In response to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, Wales introduced legislation (the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015) to holistically improve health and well-being, including the translation of national policy into practice. This audit provides a case study approach that could be replicated by researchers in other countries to appraise the role of PA actions in national and sub-national policies.

Description
An audit of policies published by national and sub-national public bodies between 2015 and 2020 was conducted. The list of identified policies was reviewed by an external panel to act as a ?critical friend? to verify its inclusiveness. Content of the policies were extracted and synthesised to determine: (i) how many policies included a PA action; (ii) what the drivers of those policies were; (iii) the content of the PA actions; and (iv) how the PA actions aligned with the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015.

Results
A final list of 73 policies was obtained. Only 16 national-level documents had a PA action, which had been published by 4/13 public bodies (who are bound by the Act). Of the 19 sub-national well-being policies, 15 included PA actions. Most policies were considered reactive and varied in terms of the clarity and specificity of the actions, the assignment roles/responsibilities, and the setting of targets; all overarching principles which can be used to strengthen national and sub-national policy in the future. The most common theme of action across the national-level documents was the broad action of PA promotion, which was identified in nine of the 16 documents. The actions within the national-level documents were reflected in the sub-national well-being plans.

Lessons
This research used a novel approach to assess alignment of policies related to PA and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Wales. It provides an overview of the current status of policy related to PA in Wales, which can be used in manifestos and frameworks to shape the subsequent actions of public bodies.

Main messages
This case study provides a valuable example of how to utilise PA to address broader health and wellbeing agendas, and specifically the SDGs. It also demonstrates an approach to achieving stronger connections between national and sub-national policy to support the translation of policies into practice.
P02-06 Citizen science during Covid-19 pandemic to enhance an activating environment in a low-SES neighborhood
Authors: Van Holland Berry , Jepkema Nikki , De Jong Johan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is widely known that people from a low-SES background show a less healthy and active lifestyle. One neighborhood in Groningen, the Netherlands, is a neighborhood housing about 12,000 citizens with on average a low-SES background. In the past, initiatives have been undertaken to promote an active lifestyle by implementing outdoor facilities stimulating physical activity. However, use of these facilities was poor due to lack of citizen involvement. Aim of this project was to engage citizens in the overall process of capturing, plan making and prototyping of concepts for an exercise-friendly physical and social environment.
In the period from January-November 2020 a Living Lab was set up following the “Our Voice” citizen science method. Participatory citizen science was applied in which a community of stakeholders (public and private parties) and citizens was set up. This composes the first step of design thinking: empathizing. The community addressed the aforementioned problem by creating more insight in promoting or degrading features in the neighborhood concerning an active lifestyle (design thinking step 2: defining). For this, citizens made use of the Stanford Neighborhood Discovery Tool. Due to local COVID-19 restrictions, citizens did not collect data individually but were accompanied by a researcher during research walks. The Tool allowed for systematic observations of the physical environment. Additionally, the emergent research walks gave additional information on neighborhood barriers and facilitators next to Discovery Tool data.
Use of the Discovery Tool created an overview of the neighborhood. Based on positive and negative features, new ideas were generated for improving exercise-friendliness (design thinking steps 3 and 4: ideating and prototyping). Furthermore, a work group of citizens was formed which discussed their prototypes with the local government and will be involved in carrying out the ideas.
Our project resulted in a citizen science approach which can be transferred to other neighborhoods. Use of the Discovery Tool showed many benefits for plan making for the neighborhood. Early and continuous involvement of citizens will lead to more sustainable engagement and is a powerful method to create engagement around societal problems and social innovation in the field of Health Enhancing Physical Activity.
P02-09 The dissemination of an effective school-based PA intervention programme: Sigue la Huella (Follow the footprint)
Authors: Bohouri Hisham , Asun Sonia , Julián José Antonio , Ibor Eduardo , Lhuisset Lena , Fabre Nicolas , De Cocker Katrien , Grady Caera , Bengoechea Enrique García 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
A widespread dissemination of effective evidence-based physical activity (PA) interventions is needed whether a greater proportion of the population, who could potentially benefit from it, wants to be reached (Finch et al., 2016). ‘Sigue la Huella' (Follow the Footprint), is one of the few effective evidence-informed PA school-based interventions conducted on adolescents in Europe, with the support of the family and the community (Murillo et al., 2014). The main aim of this study is to describe and analyze the process of dissemination of this intervention program.

Methods
The ‘Sigue la Huella' was implemented at one secondary school situated in Jaca/Huesca (Spain). The Replicating Effective Programs (REP) framework was used, because provides a roadmap for disseminating effective interventions (Kilbourne et al., 2007). The intervention was delivered through workshops, ongoing technical assistance to the teachers, and the distribution of an instructional guide among the teachers and the school staff. A quasi-experimental design was adopted to examine the effect of ‘Sigue la Huella' after its dissemination process. PA was assessed using accelerometers at baseline and after the intervention of 14 weeks. In addition, we evaluated the dissemination process using the PRACTIS guide (Koorts et al., 2018).

Results
From an initial evaluation of the dissemination process, several key learnings emerged:

Conclusions
This study provides a comprehensive overview of the dissemination process of an effective school-based program identifying contextual barriers and facilitators that influence program implementation in new contexts and the direction of specific strategies to address those barriers.