bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced stent visualization system for percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with chronic kidney disease: effects on contrast media volume and radiation exposure
Authors: Tian Yunpeng , Zhao Xiangdong , Yang Yang , Cai Xiaoshu , Jian Lian , Guo Suzhen , Xia Dasheng , Chen Xin , Li Chao , Guo Qianyu , Chen Bingwei , Lu Chengzhi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to assess the impact of using enhanced stent visualization (ESV) systems on contrast media volume and radiation dose in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), especially for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Background
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as they share the similar pathological pathway. In addition, the iodinated contrast media used for angiography is a risk factor for contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI), which could aggravate the progression of CKD. We hypothesized that ESV systems have the potential to reduce the use of contrast media as well as radiation dose, however, few study reported the impact on contrast media with use of ESV systems.
Methods
We retrospectively collected 124 patients with acute coronary syndromes underwent PCI from May 2020 to July 2021. Patients were divided into ESV-guided group (n = 64) and angiography-guided group (n = 60). Procedural parameters including contrast media volume, radiation exposure (in Air Kerma), number of cines, cine frames, fluoroscopy and procedure time were recorded and analyzed.
Results
Groups were comparable for patient characteristics. A significant reduction in contrast media volume (174.7 ± 29.6 ml vs. 132.6 ± 22.3ml, p = 0.0001), radiation exposure (907.62 ± 534.94 mGy vs. 1316.11 ± 768.14 mGy, p = 0.002) and procedure time (53.06 ± 21.20 min vs. 72.00 ± 30.55min, p = 0.01) with the use of ESV systems. Similar results were observed in the subgroup analysis for the patients with CKD.
Conclusion
This study suggested that the use of ESV is associated with reduced contrast media usage, radiation dose and procedure time during PCI. The same results were observed in subgroup analysis in patients with CKD, which is of great significance in decreasing the occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy and mitigating the progression of CKD and CHD.
Comparison of the intensity of the anterior talofibular ligament repaired by LARS artificial and natural ligaments: a biomechanical study
Authors: jin Wenming , Zheng Jia , Zhao Gen , Li Han , Xiang Dulei , Li Bao , liu Xinwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: There are numerous surgical options for anterior talofibular ligament injury, but new biomechanical studies have demonstrated that existing surgical options cannot entirely restore the initial ATFL's biomechanical indensity. The goal of this study was to determine the biomechanical indensity of LARS talofibular ligament artificial ligament repair.Methods: 12 fresh frozen human ankle specimens, average age 57±25.1 years (range 44~63 years), 12 cases of specimens sorted into two groups using the random number table approach, each group of 6 specimens, LARS group A, natural ligament group B, two groups of the identical biomechanical studies, evaluation of the highest failure load and stiffness in the two groups, respectively.Results: The mean final failure load of the LARS repair group (378.6±25.7N) was significantly higher than that of the intact ATFL group (146.7±38.1N)(P=0.032). The mean stiffness of LARS group (27.6±4.7N/mm) was significantly higher than that of intact ATFL group (15.7±2.2N/mm)(P=0.022).LARS repair group failed because of suture pullout of the anchor at the fibula(4/6) and the talus (2/6)Conclusions: In fresh frozen cadaver models, the indensity and stiffness of ATFL restored by LARS ligaments are much higher than natural ligaments. Although the therapeutic benefit of LARS artificial ligaments has yet to be determined. Before this approach may be used in the therapeutic treatment of ankle ligament injuries, more study is needed.
Changes in pacing variation with increasing race duration in ultra-triathlon races
Authors: Stjepanovic Mirko , Knechtle Beat , Weiss Katja , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Cuk Ivan , Thuany Mabliny , Sousa Caio Victor 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite the increasing scientific interest in the relationship between pacing and performance in endurance sports, little information is available about pacing and pacing variation in ultra-endurance events such as ultra-triathlons. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the trends of pacing, pacing variation, the influence of age, sex, and performance level in ultra-triathlons of different distances.Methods: We analysed 969 finishers (849 men, 120 women) in 46 ultra-triathlons longer than the original Ironman® distance (e.g., Double-, Triple-, Quintuple- and Deca Iron ultra-triathlons) held from 2004-2015. Pacing speed was calculated for every cycling and running lap. Pacing variation was calculated as the coefficient of variation (%) between the average speed of each lap. Performance level (i.e., fast, moderate, slow) was defined according to the 33.3 and 66.6 percentile of the overall race time. A multivariate analysis (two-way ANOVA) was applied for the overall race time as the dependent variable with ‘sex’ and ‘age group’ as independent factors. Another multivariate model with ‘age’ and ‘sex’ as covariates (two-way ANCOVA) was applied with pacing variation (cycling and running) as the dependent variable with ‘race’ and ‘performance level’ as independent factors.Results: Different pacing patterns were observed by event and performance level. The general pacing strategy applied was positive pacing. In Double and Triple Iron ultra-triathlon, faster athletes paced more evenly with less variation than moderate or slower athletes. The variation in pacing speed increased with the length of the race. There was no significant difference in pacing variation between faster, moderate, and slower athletes in Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon. Women had a slower overall performance than men. The best overall times were achieved at the age of 30-39 years.Conclusion: Successful ultra-triathlon athletes adapted a positive pacing strategy in all race distances. The variation in pacing speed increased with the length of the race. In shorter ultra-triathlon distances (i.e., Double and Triple Iron ultra-triathlon), faster athletes paced more evenly with less variation than moderate or slower athletes. In longer ultra-triathlon distances (i.e., Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon), there was no significant difference in pacing variation between faster, moderate, and slower athletes.
Non-destructive techniques for determination magnetic particle and element contents in grapevine leaves and soil as an eco-sustainable tool for environmental pollution assessment in the agricultural areas
Authors: Milicevic Tijana , Relić Dubravka , Urošević Mira Aničić , Castanheiro Ana , Orlić Jovana , Samson Roeland , Popović Aleksandar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Concentration of magnetic particulate matter (PM) on leaf surface (an indicator of current pollution) and topsoil (an indicator of magnetic PM which have geogenic or historical pollution origin) were assessed in agricultural areas (conventional and organic vineyards). Main aim of this study was to explore whether magnetic parameters (saturation isothermal remanent magnetization, SIRM, and magnetic susceptibility, χ) can be a proxy for magnetic PM pollution and associated PTEs in agricultural areas. Besides, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (WD-XRF) was investigated as screening method for total PTE content in soil and leaf samples. Both magnetic parameters (SIRM and χ) pinpoint soil pollution, while SIRM was more suitable for evaluating magnetic PM accumulated on leaves. The values of both magnetic parameters were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated within same type of sample (soil-soil or leaf-leaf), but not between different matrixes (soil-leaf). Differences between magnetic particles’ grain sizes among vegetation season in vineyards were obtained by observing SIRM/χ ratio. WD-XRF revealed to be an appropriate screening method for soil and leaf total element contents in agricultural ambient. For more precise application of WD-XRF leaf measurements, specific calibration using similar matrix to plant material is required. In parallel, measurements of SIRM, χ and element content (by WD-XRF) can be recommended as user-friendly, fast and eco-sustainable techniques for determining magnetic PM and PTE pollution hotspots in agricultural ambient.
Nanoscaled reusable palladium catalyst supported on chitosan hybrid composite microcapsules reinforced with ZnO nanoparticles for Heck coupling reactions
Authors: Çalışkan Melike , Baran Talat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the present work, a novel nanocatalyst system (Pd@CS-ZnO) was developed by adorning palladium nanoparticles on the hybrid nanocomposite consisting of chitosan and ZnO nanoparticles which are prepared as a suitable stabilizer. Morphological/structural features of Pd@CS-ZnO were studied by FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and EDS analyses. The catalytic efficiency of Pd@CS-ZnO was then assessed as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst against Heck coupling reaction. The tests revealed that Pd@CS-ZnO was a useful nanocatalyst which can couple the reactions of various aryl halides (I, Br, Cl) with styrene. Additionally, Pd@CS-ZnO nanocatalyst proved to be easily separated with filtration and reapplied for six consecutive reaction runs. Moreover, it was found that Pd@CS-ZnO was one of the most effective catalysts against Heck reaction by protecting its chemical structure. Furthermore, the designed catalyst system offers other benefits such as (1) cost efficiency, (2) eco-friendly nature, (3) facile preparation, (4) moisture/air insensitivity, (5) easy work up, and (6) high yields.
Investigation on ultrasonic assisted embossing process of micro-features with variable curvature as functional surface using ultra-thin sheet of 5052 aluminum alloy
Authors: Cheng Lidong , Wang Chunju , Zhang Shuhan , Zhong Qi , Ma Zhenwu , He Haidong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Functional surface with pattern micro-features of sine waves fabricated by ultra-thin metallic sheet is very useful as a shield charactered by variable curvature to diffusely reflect strong light on the severe condition and reduce weight. A novel ultrasonic assisted embossing is developed to precisely fabricate the complex curved surface using its advantages of “Blaha effect”. Effects of embossing parameters were studied by considering the change of strain states. Improvement of shape accuracy by ultrasonic energy and duration time was investigated in the reducing of the springback and increasing of the amplitude of formed sine waves micro-features. Analysis and discussion of the deformation behaviors and springback were carried out in ultrasonic assisted embossing from the viewpoint of residual acoustic softening effect and eliminating residual stress. Experimental results indicate that the ultrasonic assisted embossing process is helpful for precisely manufacturing the complex surface with variable curvature using ultra-thin metallic sheet.
Intra-operative hemi-diaphragm electrical stimulation does not change mitochondrial function in cardiothoracic surgery patients
Authors: Mankowski Robert T. , Wohlgemuth Stephanie E. , Bresciani Guilherme , Martin A. Daniel , Arnaoutakis George , Martin Tomas , Jeng Eric , Ferreira Leonardo , Machuca Tiago , Rackauskas Mindaugas , Smuder Ashley J. , Beaver Thomas , Leeuwenburgh Christiaan , Smith Barbara K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Mechanical ventilation during cardiothoracic surgery is life-saving, but leads to ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) and prolongs weaning from the ventilator and hospital stay. Intra-operative diaphragm electrical stimulation may preserve mitochondrial function, and thus prevent VIDD.
Methods
We studied 21 patients stimulating a phrenic nerve of one hemidiaphragm every 30 min for 1min during a surgery. We collected diaphragm biopsies after the last stimulation and analyzed for mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fibers, and protein expression and enzymatic activity of biomarkers of muscle atrophy, oxidative stress and mitophagy.
Results
Patients received on average 6.2 (1.9) stimulation bouts. Stimulated hemidiaphragm showed attenuated integrative and intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory function. There were no significant differences between oxidative stress, mitophagy and atrophy protein expression levels, and mitochondrial enzyme activities.
Conclusions
Intraoperative phrenic nerve electrical stimulation led to an impairment of mitochondrial respiration in the stimulated hemidiaphragm without differences in biomarkers of atrophy and oxidative stress. Future studies warrant investigating optimal stimulation doses and testing post-operative chronic stimulation effects on weaning from the ventilator and rehabilitation outcomes.
Trial registration:
NCT03303040, Registered on the 5th of October 2017. No retrospective registration statement needed – first subject was enrolled on 2/14/2018.
An Analysis of Economic Losses from Cyberattacks:Based on Input–Output Model and Production Function
Authors: Kokaji Akiyoshi , Goto Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase in the global economic losses from cyberattacks. However, analysis of economic damage caused by cyberattacks in Japan has been analyzed mainly for the attacked companies and the damage to other companies, industries, and the whole country has not been sufficiently analyzed. Using the input–output model, this study analyzes the amount of economic loss from cyberattacks in Japan in order to improve the accuracy of damage prediction and various national measures. Specifically, first, we estimate the annual damage amount by industry based on cyber incident data collected through interviews and hearings by Japanese independent administrative agencies. Second, using the input-output model, we devise a model estimating the amount of damage to the entire country. Third, using the guessing method, we compare our findings with existing well-known overseas guesses and verified this model. The results show that the direct, spillover, and total damages to all industries (nationwide) are approximately 279 billion yen, 443.8 billion yen, and 722.7 billion yen, respectively. This study contributes to the future research on cyber resilience, by analyzing the damage caused by cyberattacks from a macroeconomic perspective using production functions and input–output tables.
Highly Compressible Hydrogel Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals for Ultrasound Scanning via Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Cheng Der-Yun , Liao Yi-Hsiang , Yu Jiashing , Liao Ying-Chih 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, a rapid fabrication method was developed to prepare hydrogel structures with high mechanical strength and low attenuation coefficient for ultrasound scanning. Poly acrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel was first prepared via a free radical polymerization approach. To shorten the process time (~ 30 minutes in water bath), microwave heating was applied to facilitate the reaction and reduce the reaction time down to 80 seconds. The produced hydrogels showed excellent elasticity but had a low compressive strength of 100 kPa. To further enhance the mechanical strengths of PAA hydrogels, cellulosenanocrystals (CNCs) were added to the precursor solution. After the microwave assisted crosslinking process, the compressive strength of the hydrogel increased to 350 kPa. Moreover, the ultimate compressive strain was enhanced from 60% to 80% with great recoverability. The PAA/CNC hydrogel has a great ultrasound trnansimission for high-quality ultrasound images comparable to conventional liquid hydrogels. To demonstrate the feasibility of the PAA/CNC hydrogel in ultrasonic medical applications, a customized ultrasound probe coat was created with a 3D printed mold and practically used in the ultrasound scanning process.
Influence of access cavity preparation on calcium hydroxide removal using different cleaning protocols: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study
Authors: Falakaloğlu Seda , Özata Merve Yeniçeri , Güneş Betül , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , Gündoğar Mustafa , Topal Burcu Güçyetmez 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of endodontic access cavities design on the removal of calcium hydroxide medication of the apical third of mandibular incisor root canal walls and dentinal tubules with different cleaning protocols: EDDY sonic activation, Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation, or conventional irrigation with IrriFlex.Materials and MethodsSeventy eight extracted human mandibular incisors were assigned to six experimental groups [n = 13] according to the endodontic access cavity and cleaning protocol for calcium hydroxide removal: traditional access cavity (TradAC)/EDDY; ultra-conservative access cavity performed in the incisal edge (UltraAC.Inc)/EDDY; TradAC/Er,Cr:YSGG; UltraAC.Inc/Er,Cr:YSGG; TradAC/IrriFlex; or UltraAC.Inc/IrriFlex. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images were used to measure the non-penetration percentage, maximum residual calcium hydroxide penetration depth, and penetration area at 2 and 4 mm from the apex. Data were statistically analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk and WRS2 package for two-way comparison of non-normally distributed parameters (depth of penetration, area of penetration, and percentage of non-penetration) according to cavity and cleaning protocol with the significance level set at 5%.ResultsThe effect of cavity and cleaning protocol interactions on penetration depth, penetration area and non-penetration percentage was not found statistically significant at 2 and 4 mm level (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that TradAC or UltraAC.Inc preparations with different cleaning protocols in extracted mandibular incisors did not influence the remaining calcium hydroxide at 2 and 4 mm from the apex.Clinical RelevanceThis study highlighted that TradAC or UltraAC.Inc, access cavities design and the different cleaning protocols have not influenced the remaining calcium hydroxide apical third of mandibular incisor.
Acute endurance exercise increases fasting plasma homocysteine concentrations in female long-distance runners under similar dietary and living conditions
Authors: Minematsu Ayako , Serizawa Naho , Shinagawa Akiho , Yamazaki Tomoki , Miyakoshi Yuichi , Yano Tomohiro , Ota Masako 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Increased plasma homocysteine levels are a risk factor for stress fractures and poor bone quality independent of changes in bone mineral density. Homocysteine concentrations vary with dietary habits and exercise. This study investigated changes in plasma homocysteine concentration in female long-distance track and field athletes with a high risk of developing fatigue fractures. Methods: Six female long-distance track and field athletes with high abilities were assessed under similar dietary conditions, with and without transient endurance exercise. A day before and on the morning of blood sampling, the participants underwent a restricted exercise period (Res), during which exercise was restricted, and an exercise period (Exe), during which transient endurance exercise was performed. Results: In four participants, the Res plasma homocysteine concentration was significantly lower than that of the Exe (P <0.05). Furthermore, the mean plasma homocysteine concentration overall in Res was significantly lower than that of Exe (P <0.01).Conclusions: Transient endurance exercise increased early morning fasting plasma homocysteine levels the following day when dietary conditions are stable.
The indicators for early blood transfusion in patients with placental abruption with Intrauterine Fetal Death: A retrospective review
Authors: Sano Yasuko , Kasai Michi , Shinoda Satoru , Miyagi Etsuko , Aoki Shigeru 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Placental abruption (PA) with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) is associated with a high risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) resulting from severe disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Therefore, sufficient blood products must be prepared for coagulation factor replacement and deliveryat higher medical institutions,. We retrospectively reviewed patients with PA and IUFD（PA-IUFD） to identify possible factors that may indicate the need for early blood transfusion and investigated whether the Japanese scoring system for PPH can be applied in such cases.Methods: We used a database of 16,058 pregnant patients who delivered at Yokohama City University Medical Center between January 2000 and February 2016. Thirty-three patients were diagnosed with PA-IUFD before delivery and categorized into two groups–blood transfusion and non-transfusion–to compare the maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes.Results: In patients with PA-IUFD, the transfusion group exhibited significantly more blood loss, lower fibrinogen levels and platelet count, higher fibrin degradation products (FDP), D-dimer, and prothrombin time, and a tendency for tachycardia on admission compared to the non-transfusion group. Many patients in this group bore normal fibrinogen levels on admission but later displayed markedly decreased fibrinogen levels. The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) DIC score was significantly higher in the transfusion than the non-transfusion group.Conclusions: In PA-IUFD, fibrinogen level, platelet count, D-dimer, FDP, heart rate, and JSOG DIC score on admission may indicate the need for blood transfusion. However, even with normal fibrinogen levels on admission, continuous monitoring is indispensable for identifying progressive fibrinogen reductions in patients with PA-IUFD.
Effect of Self Etch Primer Application on the Bond Failure Rate of a Mandibular Bonded Lingual Retainer
Authors: OZLU Fethiye CAKMAK , Yazicioglu Sabahat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of self-etch primer (SEP) application on the bond failure rate of a mandibular bonded lingual retainer over 24 months.Materials and Methods: The average age of the 86 individuals included in this study was 17 years 4 months. After the removal of the orthodontic appliances, the lingual retainers, which were made of six-stranded stainless steel wire, were bent and bonded onto the lingual surface of all mandibular anterior teeth. The study was performed using a split-mouth design. In the study group, the SEP was administered to the teeth’s lingual surfaces. In the control group, they were etched using 37% phosphoric etchant liquid gel. After etching, the primer was applied. The adhesive resin was applied and the retainer was fitted. The patients were re-evaluated over 24 months. The first bond failures and the amount of adhesive remaining on the tooth were recorded as the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores.The chi-square test was used to compare the bond failure rates and ARI scores between the groups. The survival rates of the retainers were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier test. The significance level was P < 0.05.Results: The bond failure rates, ARI scores, and survival rates did not differ significantly between the groups.Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that an SEP can be used successfully in mandibular lingual retainer bonding.Clinical Relevance: In situations where saliva isolation is difficult, bonding a fixed lingual retainer with SEP is recommended.Trial registration: NCT05340595. Registered 28 April 2022 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT05340595