bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal interfacial bonding mechanisms of multi-material additive-manufactured tungsten–stainless steel sandwich structure
Authors: Wei Chao , Gu Heng , Gu Yuchen , Liu Luchao , Huang Yihe , Cheng Dongxu , Li Zhaoqing , Li Lin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tungsten (W) and stainless steel (SS) are well known for the high melting point and good corrosion resistance respectively. Bimetallic W–SS structures would offer potential applications in extreme environments. In this study, a SS→W→SS sandwich structure is fabricated via a special laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method based on an ultrasonic-assisted powder deposition mechanism. Material characterization of the SS→W interface and W→SS interface was conducted, including microstructure, element distribution, phase distribution, and nano-hardness. A coupled modelling method, combining computational fluid dynamics modelling with discrete element method, simulated the melt pool dynamics and solidification at the material interfaces. The study shows that the interface bonding of SS→W (SS printed on W) is the combined effect of solid-state diffusion with different elemental diffusion rates and grain boundary diffusion. The keyhole mode of the melt pool at the W→SS (W printed on SS) interface makes the pre-printed SS layers repeatedly remelted, causing the liquid W to flow into the sub-surface of the pre-printed SS through the keyhole cavities realizing the bonding of the W→SS interface. The above interfacial bonding behaviours are significantly different from the previously reported bonding mechanism based on the melt pool convection during multiple material LPBF. The abnormal material interfacial bonding behaviours are reported for the first time.
Reasons for staying in hospital after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy
Authors: Huang Lin , Kehlet Henrik , Petersen René Horsleben 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in lung surgery, potential barriers for improvements should be identified. The aim of this single-centre, prospective ERAS cohort study was to explore reasons for delayed patient discharge after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy with a median length of hospital stay (LOS) of 2 days.

Methods
Consecutive patients referred for VATS lobectomy were consulted twice daily by an investigator for the primary reasons for continued hospitalization. The secondary outcomes were risk factors for delayed recovery using univariate and multivariate regression analyses.

Results
A total of 147 patients were included (69 with LOS more than 2 days and 78 with LOS of 2 days or less) from April 2020 to December 2020. Air leak (27.7 per cent), pneumonia (20.2 per cent), pain (15.3 per cent), urinary/renal factors (11.0 per cent), atrial fibrillation (7.0 per cent), respiratory failure (4.5 per cent), cognitive factors/delirium (4.3 per cent), gastrointestinal factors (3.8 per cent), oxygen dependency (2.7 per cent), social factors (2.0 per cent), and pleural effusion (1.4 per cent) were important factors for discharge more than 2 days after surgery. The 30-day readmission rate after discharge was 21 per cent for LOS of 2 days or less and 22 per cent for LOS more than 2 days (P = 0.856). On a multivariate regression model, age (per 5-year increase, odds ratio (OR) 1.29, 95 per cent c.i. 1.01 to 1.66, P = 0.043) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) per cent (per 5 per cent increase, OR 0.89, 95 per cent c.i. 0.81 to 0.98, P = 0.021) were significantly related to discharge after more than 2 days.

Conclusion
Despite a short median LOS of 2 days, air leak, pneumonia, and pain remain the most important challenges for further improvement of the ERAS programme. Age and FEV1 per cent were statistically significant risk factors for LOS longer than 2 days.
Effectiveness and Durability of Ustekinumab Therapy With or Without Immunomodulators for Ulcerative Colitis Patients in Japan
Authors: Aoki Yasuhiro , Sujino Tomohisa , Kawaguchi Takaaki , Sugimoto Shinya , Shimada Fumie , Yoshimatsu Yusuke , Kiyohara Hiroki , Nanki Kosaku , Mikami Yohei , Takabayashi Kaoru , Hosoe Naoki , Ogata Haruhiko , Iwao Yasushi , Kanai Takanori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe effectiveness and durability of ustekinumab therapy with or without thiopurine immunomodulators (IMs) for ulcerative colitis (UC) in real-world Asian, Japanese patients have not yet been elucidated.MethodsTo evaluate the additive effects of IMs on ustekinumab, a retrospective cohort study of UC patients receiving ustekinumab with or without thiopurine IMs, azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine, was conducted from March 2020 to August 2021. The primary endpoint was clinical remission or response rate at week 8. The secondary endpoints were clinical remission or response rates at weeks 24 and 52, the durability of each treatment, and adverse events.ResultsOf the 50 patients with UC treated with ustekinumab, 42 were enrolled. Sixteen patients were treated with a combination of ustekinumab and an IM. The clinical response rates of all patients at weeks 8, 24, and 52 were 53.7%, 63.3%, and 42.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the clinical responses or remission rates between the combination therapy and monotherapy groups at weeks 8, 24, and 52. (50.0% vs. 56.0%, P = .757; 70.0% vs. 60.0%, P = .702; and 42.9% vs. 42.9%, P = 1.00, respectively). A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no difference in IM use on the durability of ustekinumab treatment (log-rank test; P = .955).ConclusionsThe response rate for Japanese UC patients is similar to previous reports based on American and European UC patients. There was no significant difference between the ustekinumab monotherapy group and the ustekinumab and IM combination group in the real world.
On Trade Agreements and a Social Reproduction Approach to GVCs: A Reply to Donatella Alessandrini
Authors: Hoekman Bernard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The 15 years following the 2008–2009 global financial crisis witnessed increasing questioning in the global North of the distribution of the gains and costs of an open world economy and the multilateral rules-based trade order. Difficulties in (re-)negotiating trade agreements in the World Trade Organization led states to shift even more of their focus to reciprocal and bilateral trade agreements as these internalize benefits among partners by continuing to maintain trade barriers against non-signatories (mostly emerging economies). There is a vigorous debate across academic disciplines whether such agreements help to increase participation in global value chains (GVCs) by signatory nations and the magnitude and incidence of the associated economic, social and environmental impacts – positive or negative. These are questions calling for rigorous empirical research that assesses impacts against appropriate baselines and counterfactuals and investment in data collection, monitoring and evaluation by participating governments. Mischaracterizing both the extent to which trade agreements constrain the ability of states to regulate and reports published by international organizations on GVCs and trade agreements detracts from where the focus arguably should be: providing compelling empirical evidence that GVCs and trade agreements detrimentally affect social reproduction and specific suggestions on how the design of trade agreements should be changed to improve outcomes.
Genome-wide analysis of AAAG and ACGT cis-elements in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals their involvement with genes downregulated under jasmonic acid response in an orientation independent manner
Authors: Khan Zaiba H , Dang Siddhant , Memaya Mounil B , Bhadouriya Sneha L , Agarwal Swati , Mehrotra Sandhya , Gupta Divya , Mehrotra Rajesh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cis-regulatory elements are regions of noncoding DNA that regulate the transcription of neighboring genes. The study of cis-element architecture that functions in transcription regulation are essential. AAAG and ACGT are a class of cis-regulatory elements, known to interact with Dof and bZIP transcription factors respectively, and are known to regulate the expression of auxin response, gibberellin response, floral development, light response, seed storage proteins genes, biotic and abiotic stress genes in plants. Analysis of the frequency of occurrence of AAAG and ACGT motifs from varying spacer lengths (0–30 base pair) between these 2 motifs in both possible orientations—AAAG (N) ACGT and ACGT (N) AAAG, in the promoters and genome of Arabidopsis thaliana which indicated preferred orientation of AAAG (N) ACGT over ACGT (N) AAAG across the genome and in promoters. Further, microarray analysis revealed the involvement of these motifs in the genes downregulated under jasmonic acid response in an orientation-independent manner. These results were further confirmed by the transient expression studies with promoter-reporter cassettes carrying AAAG and ACGT motifs in both orientations. Furthermore, cluster analysis on genes with AAAG (N) ACGT and ACGT (N) AAAG motifs orientations revealed clusters of genes to be involved in ABA signaling, transcriptional regulation, DNA binding, and metal ion binding. These findings can be utilized in designing synthetic promoters for the development of stress-tolerant transgenic plants and also provides an insight into the roles of these motifs in transcriptional regulation.
Elongin C (ELOC/TCEB1)-associated von Hippel–Lindau disease
Authors: Andreou Avgi , Yngvadottir Bryndis , Bassaganyas Laia , Clark Graeme , Martin Ezequiel , Whitworth James , Cornish Alex J ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Houlston Richard S , Rich Philip , Egan Catherine , Hodgson Shirley V , Warren Anne Y , Snape Katie , Maher Eamonn R 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAround 95% of patients with clinical features that meet the diagnostic criteria for von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL) have a detectable inactivating germline variant in VHL. The VHL protein (pVHL) functions as part of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex comprising pVHL, elongin C, elongin B, cullin 2 and ring box 1 (VCB-CR complex), which plays a key role in oxygen sensing and degradation of hypoxia-inducible factors. To date, only variants in VHL have been shown to cause VHL disease. We undertook trio analysis by whole-exome sequencing in a proband with VHL disease but without a detectable VHL mutation. Molecular studies were also performed on paired DNA extracted from the proband’s kidney tumour and blood and bioinformatics analysis of sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) dataset was undertaken. A de novo pathogenic variant in ELOC NM_005648.4(ELOC):c.236A&gt;G (p.Tyr79Cys) gene was identified in the proband. ELOC encodes elongin C, a key component [C] of the VCB-CR complex. The p.Tyr79Cys substitution is a mutational hotspot in sporadic VHL-competent RCC and has previously been shown to mimic the effects of pVHL deficiency on hypoxic signalling. Analysis of an RCC from the proband showed similar findings to that in somatically ELOC-mutated RCC (expression of hypoxia-responsive proteins, no somatic VHL variants and chromosome 8 loss). These findings are consistent with pathogenic ELOC variants being a novel cause for VHL disease and suggest that genetic testing for ELOC variants should be performed in individuals with suspected VHL disease with no detectable VHL variant.
Apple, Test of Insecticides, 1973
Authors: Asquith Dean , Hull Larry A. , Travis James W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 3 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 York Imperial. Treated single-trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Experimental sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35 gpm pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying 7 spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Spray dates for test insecticides were: May 17, May 31 (June 1 for diazinon), June 15, July 2 and 16, August 2 and 20. During May, June and July, 2 lb Polyram 80W/acre was applied to the whole block at ca. 2 week intervals with an airblastsprayer; in August 2 sprays of 1 lb captan 80W plus 1 lb Polyram 80W/acre were applied similarly. Average temperatures were: May 56.63° F, June 71.30°F, July 73.32°F, and August 73.53°F. Rainfall in inches was: May 6.24, June 5.04, July 2.03, and August 4.57. Effecti veness of test chemicals on the European red mite was evaluated by making 3 counts of mites on samples of 20 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator Stethoruspunctum was evaluated by 3 minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was evaluated by scoring for injury all drops after July 1 and a picked sample 15 days after the last spray from 3 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 replicates of York Imperial. Apple samples averaged 239 fruits/replicate and 1,195/ treatment. Effectiveness on the white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting numphs on the underside of the leaves for both generations; on the apple aphid by counting the number of infested terminals/10 terminals/tree and calculating the percent infested. Another method was to count the number of aphid infested leaves/terminal.
Apple, Integrated Test, 1975
Authors: Asquith Dean , Hull Larry A. , Travis James W. , Mowery Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several insecticide-acaricide programs were evaluated for insect control, mite suppression, and influence on the predator, Stethoruspunctum. Sprays were applied to 4-tree plots in a randomized block design with each plot consisting of a York Imperial, Red Delicious, Jonathan, and Stayman Winesap. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Treated plots were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Treatments were applied as 6X concentrates with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gpa/alternate side spray driven at 2 mph. Spray dates for insecticides-fungicides were: May 20 and 27; June 4, 11, 18 and 25; July 2, 9, 16, 23 and 30; August 7, 13, 20 and 27; and September 3. Polyram 80W, 2.0 lb/acre and sulfur 95W, 1.5 lb/acre were applied to all plots except the Dikar plot from May 20 to June 11; captan 50W, 1.5 lb/acre and sulfur at the same rate above were applied from June 18 to July 16; and captan by itself at the above rate was applied after July 16. Zolone 25W, 10 oz/acre was substituted for the rate listed in all plots receiving the Guthion-Zolone combination except the Dikar plot from June 18 to July 30. Lannate 25W, 0.25 lb/acre was applied only on July 2, 9, 16 and 23; the rate was changed to 0.5 lb/acre on July 30, August 7, 13, 20 and 27. Thiodan 50W, 1.0 lb/acre was applied on June 18 and 25 to all plots. Plictran 50W, 2 oz/acre was applied with the first 4 treatments on July 3 to stabilize the mite populations. Effectiveness of the treatments on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops from the variety Stayman Winesap after July 1 and a picked sample 14 days after the last spray. Apple samples averaged 121/replicate and 484/treatment. Effectiveness on the white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves/tree, 2 trees/replicate for both generations. Effectiveness of treatments on the European red mite was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 20 leaves/replicate (Stayman Winesap only), 80 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator S.punctum was evaluated by 3 minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees (Stayman Winesap and York Imperial). May 61.08°F, June 68.98° F, July 72.97° F, August 73.89° F, and September 61.13° F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 4.05, June 7.60, July 3.12, August 2.01 and September 13.8.
Apple Insect and Mite Control, 1975
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 15-year-old apple trees at Winthrop, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi and at a rate of 300 gallons per acre. Spray dates were May 30 (petal fall), June 9, 23, July 7, 22, August 4, and 18; each material was applied on all dates. The fungicide program consisted of Difolatan 4F (5 qt/ 100 gal) at half-inch green and Polyram 80W (2 lb/100 gal) at each cover; Polyram was tank-mixed with each treatment. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 1 Cortland and 3 Mcintosh cultivars per treatment in Test 1; and 2 Melba, 1 Golden Delicious, and 1 Mcintosh per treatment in Test 2. In Test 3, trees were selected in a 3 x 3 Latin Square design, with 3 Mcintosh per treatment. Except for the test trees, this orchard was unsprayed. On September 4, 3/4 box of apples was picked from each tree and ca. 300-500 apples were examined per treatment on September 6-12 for external egg punctures (apple maggot), egg-laying scars (plum curculio), and typical feeding injuries (codling moth and lesser appleworm). Apples with maggot egg punctures were sliced to determine success of egg hatch and/or of maggot survival (success indicated by a penetration of more than 1/4 inch). Evaluation of apple aphid control was based on a count of all live aphids found on the distal 4 unfurled and 1 furled leaves and on the stem included by these leaves on each of 10 terminal vegetative shoots located around the periphery of each tree at a height of 3-6 feet. All mines of the spotted tentiform leafminer which were found on 10 vegetative terminals selected at chest-height around the periphery of each tree were recorded. European red mites were counted on 25 leaves per tree (33 or 34 leaves per tree in Test 3) collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. The leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Fall webworm control was evaluated from estimates made on September 6 of the length of each and every web encompassing a branch and leaves of each tree. Except for European red mite, no pest populations exerted serious pressure.
Apple,

P.

Ulmi

Summer Control, 1975
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 250-300 psi. In Test 1, 25-year-old trees were sprayed at a rate of 250 gallons per acre; in Tests 2 and 3, 10-year-old trees were treated at 500 gallons per acre. Spray dates were July 10 and 18 (Tests 1 and 2) and July 28 and August 5 (Test 3); each material was applied on both dates. The fungicide and insecticide program during the course of these acaricide tests consisted of captan 80W (1 lb), Thiodan 50W (0.5 lb) and lead arsenate (2 lb/100 gal) on July 17, and Thylate 65W (1 lb) and Sevin 80W (1.25 lb/100 gal) on July 30. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treat-ment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 1 Red Delicious (RD) and 3 Golden Delicious (GD) cultivars per treatment in Test I; 1 Cortland (C) and 3 RD per treatment in Test 2; and 1 Early Mcintosh, 1 RD, 1 GD, and 1 C per treatment in Test 3. From each tree, 25 leaves were collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Mite population pressure was very severe. At the prespray date egg populations ranged from 20-35 eggs/leaf (Tests 1 and 2) or from 40-80 eggs/leaf (Test 3). Late July and August were hot and dry.
Apple, Vendex-50 Miticide Selective Action, 1975
Authors: Holdsworth R. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Vendex-50 label (ADP 75-109) claims control of European red mite at 1-3 lb/A, and claims the product to be relatively non-toxic to unspecified “beneficial mites”. The miticide was evaluated for effect on the predaceous mites Z.mali and A.fallacis at the manufacturer’s minimum recommended rate (1 lb/A) and at 2 lower rates, 8 and 6 oz/A. A no-miticide control was included for comparison. A single application was made on June 10, 1975 to 5-year-old Golden Delicious trees (MM106 rootstock), 1 qt/tree (27 gpa). Each treatment was replicated on 4 single tree plots. There were 4 blocks in the experimental design, with 1 tree of each treatment in each block. Application was made with a hand-held compressed air sprayer. Oil was withheld from all trees. The maintenance sprays were applied by air blast sprayer, 1 gal/tree (108 gpa); and consisted of 3 prebloom applications of Cyprex 65 WP, 1 lb/A, and 6 postbloom sprays of captan 50 WP, 6 lbs/A with Imidan 50-W, 3 lbs/A. Twenty-five leaves were collected from each tree, equally from the inside and outside of the lower half of the crown. Predaceous mites were first counted on individual leaves under a microscope and then European red mites were brushed off leaves and counted on a glass plate.
Black Walnut Curculio Control, Missouri 1973-75
Authors: Kearby W. H. , Gibson K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experimental control program for the black walnut curculio was conducted over a three-year period in a 5-acre stand of mature black walnut located in Cedar County, Missouri. Initial spray dates for the first two years were established on adult emergence dates obtained from available literature. For the final year, the first spray date was based on emergence dates established through adult trapping. Spray dates in 1973 were May 15, May 30, and June 12; in 1974, May 30 and June 17; and in 1975, May 7, May 15, and June 11. Trees were selected and flagged to represent three spray groupings and one control group of five trees each in one block. Three such blocks were established for a total of 60 trees. The spray groups received applications of Guthion 2S, Benlate (WP), and a mixture of the two. Guthion was mixed at a rate of 24 oz/100 gal water. Benlate was mixed at 2 lb/100 gal of water. Eight tablespoons of Plyac a spreader-sticker were added to each 100 gallon formulation. Benlate was tested in an effort to reduce walnut anthracnose. When possible, spraying was done in the evening. At all times the wind was less than 10 mph with temperatures in the lower 70’s. Sprays were applied with a 150 gallon capacity Broyhill power sprayer the first year. The following two years a farm tractor carrying a 55 gallon drum with a PTO powered pump served as the spray unit. As nuts dropped they were collected and dissected for curculio larvae. Data were recorded as to presence or absence of larvae and total nuts collected per spray group.
Potato Leafhopper Control, European Corn Borer Damage, Yield and Grade of Tenderette Var. Snap Beans
Authors: Libby J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several insecticides were evaluated for control of these insects at the University of Wisconsin Experimental Farm, Hancock, Wisconsin. Each treatment consisted of four replicates in a complete block design. Plots consisted of 6 rows, 20 ft long with 36 inches between rows. Dieldrin-Captan treated seed was planted on June 20, 1975 with 2 row tractor mounted planter boxes. The 2 center rows of each plot were sprayed using a tractor mounted Myers sprayer with a 6 ft boom delivering 33 gal of spray per acre. Sprays were applied on July 9, 16, 23, 30 and August 6. Potato leafhopper counts were taken on July 29 using a 15 inch diameter insect sweep net. Two European corn borer egg masses per foot of row were pinned onto the plants on July 29. Plots were harvested, graded, and pods inspected for European corn borer damage on August 13. The soil type was Plainfield Loamy Sand with a pH 6.2. The total moisture (rainfall and irrigation) was 9.82 inches.