bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which vaccination strategy against COVID-19?
Authors: De Matteis Alessandro , Turkmen Ceylan Fethiye B , Urpis Enrico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBottlenecks in the production and supply pipeline of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 have led some countries to consider the option of dose-sparing strategies (e.g., increasing the number of people who receive some vaccine by halving the dose or increasing the interval between doses). In this study we assess the contribution of vaccination strategies to reducing the mortality induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.MethodsThis study focuses on the evolution of the pandemic and related vaccination efforts in five countries that have adopted different vaccination strategies or have experienced a bottleneck in their vaccine supply. The analysis is conducted using an autoregressive time-series approach through a system of simultaneous equations.ResultsThe outcome of the early months of the vaccination campaign in containing the number of deaths induced by the epidemic varies across our sample. Overall, our results highlight the effective role played by the vaccine in containing the death toll induced by the epidemic. We could not find evidence of reduced effectiveness of the second dose in the presence of an extended inter-dose interval. The effectiveness of the vaccination campaign results appears to be strongly affected by the stability of vaccine supply.ConclusionsThe vaccine is effective in containing the deaths caused by the virus, particularly when multiple doses have been administered. The stability of the vaccine pipeline plays a critical role in determining the effectiveness of the vaccination campaign.
Regional and socio-economic disparity in use of insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria among pregnant women in Kenya
Authors: Haileselassie Werissaw , Habtemichael Mizan , Adam Ruth , Haidar Jemal , David Randy E , Belachew Ayele , Mengesha Abenet Tafesse , Koepfli Cristian , Deressa Wakgari , Parker Daniel M , Kassaw Nigussie Assefa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Insecticide-treated net (ITN) use is among the most recommended strategies to prevent malaria in pregnancy. We analysed the regional and socio-economic patterns of ITN use among pregnant women in Kenya using data from the 2003, 2008 and 2014 Kenyan Demographic and Health Surveys (KDHSs).

Methods
Inequality was assessed using four dimensions: economic status, education, place of residence and region. Both relative and absolute summary measures were applied. In addition, simple and complex summary measures, i.e. difference, population attributable fraction, population attributable risk and ratio were considered based on the number of subgroups in each variable.

Results
There was overt inequality in the use of ITNs among pregnant women, with greater use among the better-off group in 2003 and 2014. Greater ITN use was also observed among pregnant women with a higher level of education. Pregnant women from urban settings tended to use ITNs (slept under a net the night before the survey) more than their rural counterparts in the 2003 KDHS. There were significant regional variations across the three surveys in all inequality summary measures, except ratio in the 2014 survey.

Conclusions
Significant inequality in ITN use among pregnant women was observed at a macro scale.
Anti-tumor immunity by transcriptional synergy between TLR9 and STING activation
Authors: Temizoz Burcu , Hioki Kou , Kobari Shingo , Jounai Nao , Kusakabe Takato , Lee Michelle S J , Coban Cevayir , Kuroda Etsushi , Ishii Ken J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAgonists for TLR9 and stimulator of IFN genes (STING) offer therapeutic applications as both anti-tumor agents and vaccine adjuvants, though their clinical applications are limited; the clinically available TLR9 agonist is a weak IFN inducer and STING agonists induce undesired type 2 immunity. Yet, combining TLR9 and STING agonists overcame these limitations by synergistically inducing innate and adaptive IFNγ to become an advantageous type 1 adjuvant, suppressing type 2 immunity, in addition to exerting robust anti-tumor activities when used as a monotherapeutic agent for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we sought to decipher the immunological mechanisms behind the synergism mediated by TLR9 and STING agonists and found that their potent anti-tumor immunity in a Pan02 peritoneal dissemination model of pancreatic cancer was achieved only when agonists for TLR9 and STING were administered locally, and was via mechanisms involving CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as the co-operative action of IL-12 and type I IFNs. Rechallenge studies of long-term cancer survivors suggested that the elicitation of Pan02-specific memory responses provides protection against the secondary tumor challenge. Mechanistically, we found that TLR9 and STING agonists synergistically induce IL-12 and type I IFN production in murine APCs. The synergistic effect of the TLR9 and STING agonists on IL-12p40 was at protein, mRNA and promoter activation levels, and transcriptional regulation was mediated by a 200 bp region situated 983 bp upstream of the IL-12p40 transcription initiation site. Such intracellular transcriptional synergy may hold a key in successful cancer immunotherapy and provide further insights into dual agonism of innate immune sensors during host homeostasis and diseases.
Wobbly Religion: Tactical Formations of Religious Idioms and Space in the Industrial Capitalist City
Authors: Callahan Richard J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article presents an approach to studying religion, class, and labor that does not focus on workers’ religiosity or religious affiliation. Rather, through three examples from the archive of the Industrial Workers of the World in the early twentieth century, I examine religion where it flared up, not necessarily as an enduring ideology or position, but emergent in particular material settings in the context of labor protest in urban streets. The concept of wobbly religion recognizes that religion is always situated in dynamics of power, its elements available to be assembled in the name of the status quo or repurposed for tactical goals. The study of religion, this article argues, should be more attentive to the ways that the spaces of the industrial city (and any spaces, for that matter) shape the possibilities and limitations of ideological, cultural, and social expression, and the ways that tactical use of religious space and religious idioms take up and mobilize the energies of religion.
Audience, Authorship, and Agency: Religious Educational Materials for Modern Buddhist Women’s Groups in Japan
Authors: Starling Jessica 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe canonical Buddhist sutras were always delivered on the occasion of a particular gathered audience. I apply this basic premise of Buddhist doctrinal production to a body of religious literature produced for women in Japan from the 1890s to the 1910s to help resolve the scholarly conundrum of how to trace female religious agency in the absence of named female authorship. I identify women’s agency as being exercised through reading rather than writing, and through gathering to listen to teachings rather than delivering sermons themselves. I conclude that providing an engaged presence for the teachings is an important form of religious agency in Buddhist and other contexts. Taking a demand-side (rather than supply-side) approach to understanding Buddhist propagation during this period also illuminates the shifting field of competition for the support and collaboration of religious women in modern Japan.
Clinical prediction scores and the utility of time to blood culture positivity in stratifying the risk of infective endocarditis in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia
Authors: Simos Peter A , Holland David J , Stewart Adam , Isler Burcu , Hughes Ian , Price Nathan , Henderson Andrew , Alcorn Kylie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Infective endocarditis (IE) complicates up to a quarter of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) cases. Risk scores predict IE complicating SAB but have undergone limited external validation, especially in community-acquired infections and those who use IV drugs. Addition of the time to positive culture (TTP) may provide incremental risk prognostication.

Objectives
To externally validate risk scores for predicting IE in SAB and assess the incremental value of TTP.

Methods
The modified Duke score was calculated for adults hospitalized with SAB at a major tertiary institution. All patients underwent echocardiography. Sensitivity and specificity of the risk scores for predicting IE were calculated, and the incremental value of TTP was assessed.

Results
One hundred and six cases were analysed and 18 (17%) met definite IE criteria. The optimal TTP to predict IE was 11.5 h (sensitivity 88.9%; specificity 71.6%). The sensitivity of VIRSTA and PREDICT (Predicting risk of endocarditis using a clinical tool) were similar (94.4% for both) and higher than POSITIVE (Prediction Of Staphylococcus aureus Infective endocarditis Time to positivity, IV drug use, Vascular phenomena, pre-Existing heart condition; 77.8%). The receiver-operator characteristic AUCs were VIRSTA 0.83, PREDICT 0.75, POSITIVE 0.89 and TTP 0.85. Adding TTP to VIRSTA (i.e. VIRSTA+) resulted in the highest AUC (0.90), sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (100%), albeit with a low specificity (33%).

Conclusions
The VIRSTA and POSITIVE scores were the strongest predictors for IE complicating SAB. The addition of TTP to VIRSTA (VIRSTA+) significantly improved discriminatory value and may be safely used to rationalize echocardiography strategies.
Screening for β-lactam resistance by penicillin G in the Streptococcus anginosus group challenged by rare strains with altered PBPs
Authors: Chagneau Camille V , Alcouffe Orancie , Grare Marion , Oswald Eric , Massip Clémence 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) strains are common pathogens causing abscesses and bacteraemia. They are generally susceptible to β-lactams, which constitute first-line treatment. EUCAST recommends testing penicillin G susceptibility to screen for β-lactam resistance. Isolates categorized as susceptible (negative screening) can be reported as susceptible to aminopenicillins and third-generation cephalosporins.

Objectives
To assess the reliability of penicillin G resistance screening in predicting β-lactam resistance in SAG blood culture isolates, and to investigate isolates for which this test would be unreliable.

Methods
We determined the susceptibility to penicillin G, amoxicillin and ceftriaxone of 90 SAG blood culture isolates, all with negative penicillin G resistance screening. β-Lactam-resistant strains were sequenced and compared with susceptible reference SAG strains.

Results
We detected two isolates displaying β-lactam resistance, especially to third-generation cephalosporins, despite negative screening for penicillin G resistance. For these isolates, amino acid substitutions were identified next to the essential PBP motifs SxxK, SxN and/or KS/TGS/T. Changes in these motifs have been previously linked to β-lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that aminopenicillin and third-generation cephalosporin susceptibility should be determined for SAG strains in the event of severe infection as screening for penicillin G resistance might not be sufficient to detect resistance mechanisms that predominantly affect cephalosporins. The PBP sequencing of resistant SAG strains allowed us to detect amino acid changes potentially linked to β-lactam resistance.
Assessment of sustained efficacy and resistance emergence under human-simulated exposure of cefiderocol against Acinetobacter baumannii using in vitro chemostat and in vivo murine infection models
Authors: Gill Christian M. , Abdelraouf Kamilia , Oota Merime , Nakamura Rio , Kuroiwa Miho , Ishioka Yoshino , Takemura Miki , Yamano Yoshinori , Nicolau David P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study evaluated the sustained kill and potential for resistance development of Acinetobacter baumannii exposed to human-simulated exposure of cefiderocol over 72 h in in vitro and in vivo infection models.

Methods
Seven A. baumannii isolates with cefiderocol MICs of 0.12–2 mg/L were tested. The sustained bactericidal activity compared with the initial inoculum and the resistance appearance over 72 h treatment were evaluated in both an in vitro chemostat and an in vivo murine thigh infection model under the human-simulated exposure of cefiderocol (2 g every 8 h as 3 h infusion).

Results
In the in vitro model, regrowth was observed against all seven tested isolates and resistance emergence (&gt;2 dilution MIC increase) was observed in five test isolates. Conversely, sustained killing over 72 h and no resistance emergence were observed in six of seven tested isolates in vivo. The mechanism of one resistant isolate that appeared only in the in vitro chemostat studies was a mutation in the tonB-exbB-exbD region, which contributes to the energy transduction on the iron transporters. The resistance acquisition mechanisms of other isolates have not been identified.

Conclusions
The discrepancy in the sustained efficacy and resistance emergence between in vitro and in vivo models was observed for A. baumannii. Although the resistance mechanisms in vitro have not been fully identified, sustained efficacy without resistance emergence was observed in vivo for six of seven isolates. These studies reveal the in vivo bactericidal activity and the low potential for development of resistance among A. baumannii evaluated under human-simulated exposures.
Inclusion of social determinants of health improves sepsis readmission prediction models
Authors: Amrollahi Fatemeh , Shashikumar Supreeth P , Meier Angela , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Nemati Shamim , Wardi Gabriel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveSepsis has a high rate of 30-day unplanned readmissions. Predictive modeling has been suggested as a tool to identify high-risk patients. However, existing sepsis readmission models have low predictive value and most predictive factors in such models are not actionable.Materials and MethodsData from patients enrolled in the AllofUs Research Program cohort from 35 hospitals were used to develop a multicenter validated sepsis-related unplanned readmission model that incorporates clinical and social determinants of health (SDH) to predict 30-day unplanned readmissions. Sepsis cases were identified using concepts represented in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership. The dataset included over 60 clinical/laboratory features and over 100 SDH features.ResultsIncorporation of SDH factors into our model of clinical and demographic features improves model area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) significantly (from 0.75 to 0.80; P &lt; .001). Model-agnostic interpretability techniques revealed demographics, economic stability, and delay in getting medical care as important SDH predictive features of unplanned hospital readmissions.DiscussionThis work represents one of the largest studies of sepsis readmissions using objective clinical data to date (8935 septic index encounters). SDH are important to determine which sepsis patients are more likely to have an unplanned 30-day readmission. The AllofUS dataset provides granular data from a diverse set of individuals, making this model potentially more generalizable than prior models.ConclusionUse of SDH improves predictive performance of a model to identify which sepsis patients are at high risk of an unplanned 30-day readmission.
Unlearning Ableism: Design Knowledge, Contested Models, and the Experience of Disability in 1970s Berkeley
Authors: Galán Ignacio G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article explores the design pedagogies developed through the alliance between disability activists at the Center for Independent Living (CIL) and a number of faculty led by Raymond Lifchez at U.C. Berkeley in the 1970s and 80s. Founded by Bay Area activists including disabled students at U.C. Berkeley, the CIL provided a critical platform for advocacy and services within the disability community. In a number of seminars and studios, Lifchez and others followed the initiatives of the CIL, documented the transformation of the built environment by disabled individuals in Berkeley, and incorporated their experiences in the design process. Rather than approaching disabled individuals as bearers of special needs, a number of specific pedagogical strategies explored their expertise and resourcefulness and incorporated them as informants, consultants, and designers. Supported by archival sources, oral histories, and publications of the period, this article contributes to ongoing discussions concerning the relationship between design and the environmental and social construction of disabilities as well as to the definition of design and architecture expertise. These pedagogies critically mobilized models to advance partial and flexible design interventions and simultaneously transformed the classroom into a model that challenged the naturalization of able-bodiedness in the built environment.
Comparative Toxicity and Joint Effects of Chlorantraniliprole and Carbaryl Against the Invasive Spodioptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Wang Qinqin , Rui Changhui , Wang Li , Huang Weiling , Zhu Junshu , Ji Xuejiao , Yang Qingjie , Liang Pei , Yuan Huizhu , Cui Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most devastating invasive pests in China. Chlorantraniliprole (CH) is currently the main agent for controlling S. frugiperda. Carbaryl (CA) has been widely used as a foliar treatment to control S. frugiperda, although the pest has become highly resistant to it. This study investigates the comparative toxicity and joint effects of CH and CA on S. frugiperda. Time-toxicity results showed that CH had high toxicity to 1st and 3rd instar larvae, whereas CA had very low toxicity to 1st and 3rd instar larvae. The mixtures of CH and CA at different mass ratios showed strong synergistic effects on toxicity, and the mass ratio of 2:1 exhibited the highest toxicity to S. frugiperda. Furthermore, the synergistic toxicity of CH and CA at the 2:1 mass ratio (CH+CA) was also verified in field populations of S. frugiperda. The life-history parameters showed that CH+CA dramatically decreased the survival rate and fecundity of the parent population (F0) compared with CH treatment at the same concentration. Besides, CH and CH+CA mixture showed induction effect on cytochrome P450s and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) activities in S. frugiperda, with cytochrome P450s enzyme responding the fastest. In conclusion, this research found CH+CA provided synergistic effects on the toxicity and the sublethal effect on larvae. The joint effects on the life-history parameters and the detoxifying enzymes in S. frugiperda, may be useful for implementing IPM programs against this Lepidoptera pest.
A Dynamic Threshold Approach for Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Management in the Midsouthern U.S. Cotton
Authors: Mann Ryan , Crow Whitney D , Catchot Angus L , Gore Jeff , Cook Don R , Towles Tyler 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of the most economically important pests of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the midsouth region of the United States is the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois, Hemiptera: Miridae). Tarnished plant bug populations across the region have exhibited widespread resistance to numerous insecticide classes. To minimize late season resistance development, reducing unwarranted applications during the late flowering period can aid in resistance management and potentially reduce input costs. Trials were conducted during 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the impacts of tarnished plant bug populations in the later flowering period of cotton by modifying or terminating threshold regimes during the later weeks of bloom. Results showed that dynamic thresholds altered at the fourth week of bloom or later can reduce the number of late season applications made with no penalty to yield. Additionally, when utilizing a week of bloom termination approach, no significant yield losses were seen when terminating applications after the fourth week of bloom. These data may offer an alternative method to managing tarnished plant bug populations during the later flowering period of midsouth cotton.
The Efficacy of a Pyrethroid-impregnated Mattress Liner on Multiple International Strains ofCimex lectularius(Hemiptera: Cimicidae) andCimex hemipterus(Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Leong Xin-Yeng , Lee Chow-Yang , Veera Singham G , Chong Shu-Chien Alexander , Naylor Richard , Naylor Alexia , Miller Dini M , Wilson Morgan M , Lilly David G , Doggett Stephen L 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModern bed bugs are resistant to multiple insecticide classes, particularly the pyrethroids. The efficacy of pyrethroid-impregnated mattress liners marketed for bed bug management has been variable. This study evaluated the efficacy of a permethrin-impregnated mattress liner, ActiveGuard, against 24 bed bug strains, consisting of both Cimex hemipterus (F.) and Cimex lectularius L. A ‘mat assay’, employing an allethrin-impregnated mat, was used to establish the pyrethroid resistance profile of all strains. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of ActiveGuard exposure on bed bug knockdown: 1) exposing the bed bugs continuously on the liner for up to 24 d, 2) holding the bed bugs on the liner for either 4 or 6 h, and 3) placing a noninsecticide treated fabric above the liner with the bed bugs held continuously on top. Our results indicated that all modern strains (collected within the last 15 years during the current resurgence) were pyrethroid-resistant, although the magnitude of resistance was highly variable between strains. In the continuous exposure study, an incomplete knockdown was recorded for most modern bed bug strains, with some having no knockdown even up to 7 d of constant exposure. In the 4 or 6 h exposure study, the level of knockdown was reduced even further, and very few bed bugs were knocked down in the double fabric study. The results of this study indicate that pyrethroid-impregnated mattress liners are not likely to be effective in the management of most modern bed bug infestations involving either C. hemipterus or C. lectularius.