bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A combination of modified atmosphere packaging and two chemical disinfectants: Effects on microbial, sensory, and physicochemical properties of raw ready‐to‐eat leek
Authors: Hosseininezhad Behnam , Nader Marzieh , Ramezanian Asghar , Niakousari Mehrdad , Mazloomi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on microbial (total aerobic count, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, psychrotrophic bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria), physicochemical (pH, moisture content, and color), and sensory properties of raw ready‐to‐eat leek was investigated after disinfection using Percidin–Nanosil disinfectants. There were six different treatments, of which four samples were packaged as MAP (T1 to T4) and two samples were packaged as non‐MAP (T5 and T6). The highest and the lowest reduction in the number of microorganisms after disinfection was observed in psychrotrophic bacteria and total aerobic count, respectively. The count of microbial variables in T2 sample (87% N2, 3% CO2, and 10% O2) was lower than in other treatments. No significant difference was observed in the physcochemical properties (moisture and pH) of treated samples except for the color of T6 sample (cling film) compared to other treatments (p < .05). It is noteworthy that the panelists did not recognize differences among T1, T2, and T5 samples. However, T2 treatment was effective in maintaining microbial, physicochemical, and sensory properties of leek compared to the other treatments. Also, T6 sample showed the lowest quality in all parameters. Disinfection combined with MAP was able to maintain the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties of raw ready‐to‐eat leek during storage.
Danshensu attenuated lipopolysaccharide‐induced LX‐2 and T6 cells activation through regulation of ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Changting , Su Zhiming , Xu Jian‐Hua , Ko Chih‐Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLiver fibrosis and cirrhosis are primarily caused by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), regardless of their etiology. Collagen type I (collagen I) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is produced more readily by activated HSCs. Consequently, identifying the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for HSCs activation is essential to better understand its mechanism of action and therapeutic potential. Cell death is caused by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis. Ferroptosis plays an important role in the survival of activated HSCs and could contribute to the development of innovative prevention and treatment strategies for liver fibrosis. Danshensu (Dan) is a pure molecule extracted from the Salvia miltiorrhiza herb that protects against liver damage. However, Dan's effect on attenuating HSCs activation by regulating ferroptosis remains unclear. The results of this study indicated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced LX‐2 and T6 cells activation occurs through the upregulation of collagen I, CTGF, Gpx4, and SLC7A11. Interestingly, Dan attenuated LPS‐induced liver fibrosis in those cells by upregulating collagen I, CTGF, Gpx4, and SLC7A11 and by increasing lipid reactive oxygen species accumulation. Furthermore, the results also showed that the ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin attenuated the overproduction of lipid reactive oxygen species in LPS‐activated LX‐2 cells. We conclude that Dan attenuates LPS‐induced HSC activation during liver fibrosis by regulating ferroptosis in LX‐2 and T6 cells.
Technology management in multi‐tier chains: A case study of agency in logistics service outsourcing
Authors: Sternberg Henrik , Mathauer Mathias , Hofmann Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractShippers and logistics service providers implement information communication technology (ICT) in outsourced logistics to increase efficiency and remedy information asymmetry. However, the nature of outsourced logistics operations can create technology management challenges due to the organizational distances between the technology initiator and the technology users. Here, we apply the lens of positivist agency theory to study four cases of technology management and agency in multi‐tier outsourced logistics services. Our findings suggest that while ICT remedies some information asymmetry, it also creates new information asymmetry—and gives rise to user privacy concerns. Furthermore, the setting of multi‐tier subcontracted logistics services appears to be a critical factor in designing governance mechanisms for effective technology management. In addition to our theoretical contributions to technology management in multi‐tier outsourcing, we offer an empirical account of agency, proposals for future research, and practical suggestions to help managers tackle agency issues that arise from information asymmetry.
Optimal nationalization policy in a heterogeneous mixed oligopoly
Authors: Chen Junlong , Sun Chaoqun , He Ruiyu , Zhang Yibing , Liu Jiali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study constructs a mixed oligopoly model considering product differentiation, the proportion of state‐owned shares, the efficiency gap, and the reform cost, investigates market equilibrium under different competition modes, and discusses the optimal proportion of state‐owned shares. Product differentiation, the proportion of state‐owned shares, and reform costs have complex impacts on the equilibrium results. Complete, partial, and no nationalization may be optimal under certain conditions. The competition mode affects welfare distribution among stakeholders. The government should decide on an optimal nationalization policy according to specific conditions and the market environment.
Epidemiological and molecular study of hemoglobinopathies in Mauritanian patients
Authors: Mahmoud Taher , Sahli Chaima , Hadj Fredj Sondess , Amri Yessine , Othmani Rim , Mohamed Ghaber S. , Zein Ekhtelbenina , Messaoud Taieb 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundHemoglobinopathies, inherited disorders of hemoglobin (Hb), are the most common hereditary monogenic diseases of the red cell in the world. Few studies have been conducted on hemoglobinopathies in Mauritania. Therefore, the aim of this work is to establish the molecular and epidemiological basis of hemoglobinopathies in a cohort of Mauritanian patients and to determine the haplotype of the β‐globin gene cluster in sickle cell subjects.MethodsThe molecular screening of Hb disorders in 40 Mauritanian patients was done by a polymerase‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for the sickle cell disease (SCD) mutation, a PCR/sequencing method for β‐thalassemia mutations, and by the multiplex polymerase chain reaction method for the α‐thalassemia. The exploration of eight polymorphic sites (SNPs) within the β‐globin gene cluster was conducted by PCR/RFLP method, to identify the HbS haplotypes from the sickle cell subjects.ResultsThe epidemiological study of our patients showed a high incidence in the Senegal River area (52.5%) and a high ethnic prevalence for the Heratin (47.5%) and the Pular (35%). Molecular study allowed us to identify eight different mutations in our sample analyzed. They are respectively: HbS (HBB:c.20A>T) (68.75%), Cd44 ‐C (HBB:c.135delC) (8.75%), −29A>G (HBB:c.‐79A>G) (4.8%), −α‐3.7 (g.34164_37967del3804) (3.75%), IVS‐II‐849A>G (HBB:c.316‐2A>G) (2.25%) and Cd24T>A (HBB:c.75T>A), Hb Siirt (HBB:c.83C>G) and HbC (HBB:c.19G>A) each with (1.25%). Six different haplotypes are being explored among the SCD subjects with the Senegal haplotype as the most prevalent (66.7%), followed by Benin (10%), Arab‐Indians (6.7%), Bantu (3.3%), and two atypical haplotypes.ConclusionOur findings enrich the epidemiological data in our population and could contribute to the establishment of a strategy of prevention and management through screening, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis of Hemoglobinopathies in the Mauritanian population.
Enhanced deep residual network for bone classification and abnormality detection
Authors: Yao Jun , Guo Zhilin , Yu Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeA two‐stage deep learning framework for bone classification and abnormality detection is proposed based on X‐rays. The primary focus is on improving the speed of orthopedic disease diagnosis and helping physicians reduce the probability of false diagnoses.MethodsThe method is based on two stages. In the first stage, one classifier with ResNeXt50 as the backbone is used to classify bones to eliminate the effect of bone type differences on abnormality detection. In the second stage, seven anomaly detectors are trained based on each type of training data. The seven detectors tested the seven results of the first stage, respectively. Pretrained models, data augmentation, focal loss, label smoothing loss, LR‐attenuation and early stopping are used to improve performance and reduce the risk of overfitting.ResultsExperiments are based on the largest dataset for bone abnormality detection, MURA. In the first stage for bone classification, we got an accuracy of 96.69%, a sensitivity of 96.69%, a specificity of 99.46%, and an F1 score of 96.42%. In the second stage for abnormality detection, we got an accuracy of 84.15%, a sensitivity of 84.15%, a specificity of 87.50%, an F1 score of 84.10%, a Cohen's Kappa of 0.72, and an area under the ROC curve (AUC) score of 0.90.ConclusionsCompared with other excellent convolutional neural network models, the framework's effectiveness was verified with better accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, Cohen's Kappa score, and AUC score for bone classification and abnormality detection.
Ultrasound‐guided motor unit scanning electromyography
Authors: Maitland Stuart , Hall Julie , McNeill Andrew , Stenberg Ben , Schofield Ian , Whittaker Roger 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsMeasuring the spatial dimensions of a single motor unit remains a challenging problem, and current techniques, such as scanning electromyography (EMG), tend to underestimate the true dimensions. In this study we aimed to estimate more accurately the dimensions of a single motor unit by developing a clinically applicable scanning EMG protocol that utilizes ultrasound imaging to visualize and target a transect through the center of a single motor unit.MethodsSingle motor unit twitches in the tibialis anterior muscles of healthy volunteers were elicited via stimulation of the fibular nerve, visualized with ultrasound, and targeted with an intramuscular EMG electrode. The electrode was moved by hand in small steps through the motor unit territory. Ultrasound video output was synchronized to EMG capture, and the needle position was tracked at each step.ResultsEight recordings from six participants were collected. The technique was quick and easy to perform (mean time, 6.1 minutes) with reasonable spatial resolution (mean step size, 1.85 mm), yielding motor unit territory sizes between 1.53 and 14.65 mm (mean, 7.15 mm).DiscussionUltrasound‐guided motor unit scanning EMG is a quick and accurate method for obtaining a targeted motor unit transect. This combination of two readily available clinical tools provides insights into the dimensions and internal structure of the motor unit as a marker for neuromuscular conditions.
Finishing the Last Lap: Experimental Evidence on Strategies to Increase Attainment for Students Near College Completion
Authors: Bettinger Eric P. , Castleman Benjamin L. , Choe Alice , Mabel Zachary 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNearly half of students who enter college do not graduate. The majority of efforts to increase college completion have focused on supporting students before or soon after they enter college, yet many students drop out after making significant progress towards their degree. In this paper, we report results from a multi‐year, large‐scale experimental intervention conducted across five states and 20 broad‐access public colleges and universities to support students who are late in their college career but still at risk of not graduating. The intervention provided these “near‐completer” students with personalized text messages that encouraged them to connect with campus‐based academic and financial resources, reminded them of upcoming and important deadlines, and invited them to engage (via text) with campus‐based advisors. We find little evidence that the message campaign affected academic performance or attainment in either the full sample or within individual higher education systems or student subgroups. The findings suggest low‐cost nudge interventions may be insufficient for addressing barriers to completion among students who have made considerable academic progress.
Culture–sex interaction in self‐report empathy: The theory and meta‐analyses
Authors: Zhao Qing , Zhou Lili , Ren Qiaoyue , Lu Xuejing , Sun Xiaoxiao , Neumann David L. , Dai Qin , Hu Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmpathy is sharing and understanding others' emotions. Recently, researchers identified larger Western–Asian cultural differences in self‐report empathy with females relative to males (i.e., the culture–sex interaction theory). Neglecting this phenomenon, previous researchers focused on identifying the cultural impact on empathy per se and reported divergent results. This meta‐analysis aims to reveal the heterogeneity of the earlier publications and decode the heterogeneity as per the culture–sex interaction. The current results suggested the following: First, the cultural impact on empathy increased along with three sex stratification categories (male‐only, mixed‐sex, and female‐only, in that order). Second, the effect size statistically differed between the binary classifications of sex (female‐only > male‐only). Third, the mixed‐sex samples' effect size was positively regressed on the samples' sex ratio (i.e., percentage of females). The current results revealed the heterogeneity of previous publications and highlighted the significance of the culture–sex interaction effect on empathy for future investigations.
Copolymerization of propylene with higher α‐olefin using supported titanium catalyst system
Authors: Patil Harshad R. , Chauhan Sanjay , Mishra Anurag , Choudhury Rudra Prasad , Gupta Virendrakumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCopolymers of propylene/1‐octene and propylene/1‐hexene were synthesized in slurry phase polymerization using MgCl2/TiCl4/Diester based catalyst system. The Al/Do (co‐catalyst/external donor), Al/Ti (co‐catalyst/catalyst) mole ratio variations were investigated for effect on polymerization and copolymer properties. Incorporation of comonomer (1‐hexene and 1‐octene) has influenced the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of resultant copolymers as well as isotacticity. The differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results showed lower melting point for propylene/1‐hexene than propylene/1‐octene copolymer. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) study indicated broad MWD of both type of copolymers compared to homo PP. The 13C NMR has also been performed to quantitatively evaluate incorporation of comonomer in polymer backbone. Propylene copolymerizaiton with hexene resulted in the copolymer which have relatively higher amount of 1‐hexene compared to 1‐octene incorporation in copolymer of propylene/1‐octene with similar catalyst system explain the reason for lower peak melting points.
Dermoscopy findings and histopathological comparison of cutaneous mast cell tumour in a dog
Authors: Pereira Alessandra Vieira , Villalobos Wendie Roldán , Boleira Manuela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 4‐year‐old intact, female, Boxer dog was presented for a 3‐month history of non‐pruritic nodule on the right hind limb. Dermoscopy with polarized light was made, and a non‐pigmented lesion with a reddish colour at the periphery, yellowish central area with chrysalis, thin telangiectasias in the reticular vascular pattern and polymorphic vessels surrounding the homogeneous area was observed. Later, cytological examination was performed, and a presumptive diagnosis of mast cell tumour was ascribed. An excisional biopsy of the nodule was taken, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous mast cell tumour. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of dermoscopy of cutaneous mast cell tumour in dogs.
Online Doctoral Education
Authors: Lee Kyungmee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses different factors underpinning the development of online doctoral education and pedagogical concerns influencing the design of online doctoral programs. The rapid development of online doctoral education has been guided by recent changes in doctoral education and distance education contexts, both conceptually and empirically. To develop a comprehensive understanding of the nature of online doctoral education, 47 journal articles concerning the design of existing online doctoral programs were systematically selected and reviewed. The review results demonstrate that online doctoral education is a complex entity developed and influenced by a dynamic interplay among multiple factors relevant to different aspects of online higher education, professional doctoral education and internationalized education. However, there has been a lack of holistic research approaches to develop a comprehensive understanding of online doctoral education. In particular, literature grounded in online higher education and professional doctoral education scholarship has not been effectively integrated and synthesized, creating an unhelpful chasm. Within the chasm, a range of pedagogical concerns and contradictions have emerged in online doctoral programs, which can be understood and addressed only when online doctoral educators have a holistic perspective bridging the two. Therefore, while the present review reveals valuable insights into online doctoral education research and practice, it also suggests that more research needs to be conducted using a more comprehensive theoretical understanding of online doctoral students and their experiences.
Two-parameter link functions, with applications to negative binomial, Weibull and quantile regression
Authors: Miranda-Soberanis V. F. , Yee Thomas W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOne-parameter link functions play a fundamental role in regression via generalized linear modelling. This paper develops the general theory fortwo-parameter links in the very large class of vector generalized linear models by using total derivatives applied to a composite log-likelihood within the Fisher scoring/iteratively reweighted least squares algorithm. We solve a four-decade old problem with an interesting history as our first example: the canonical link for negative binomial regression. The remaining examples are fitting Weibull regression using both the mean and quantile directly compared to GAMLSS, and performing quantile regression based on the Gaussian distribution. Numerical examples based on real and simulated data are given. The methods described here are implemented by the and packages, available on CRAN. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Nanomedicine and drug delivery to the retina: current status and implications for gene therapy
Authors: Tawfik Mohamed , Chen Fang , Goldberg Jeffrey L. , Sabel Bernhard A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBlindness affects more than 60 million people worldwide. Retinal disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and glaucoma, are the leading causes of blindness. Finding means to optimize local and sustained delivery of drugs or genes to the eye and retina is one goal to advance the development of new therapeutics. Despite the ease of accessibility of delivering drugs via the ocular surface, the delivery of drugs to the retina is still challenging due to anatomic and physiologic barriers. Designing a suitable delivery platform to overcome these barriers should enhance drug bioavailability and provide a safe, controlled, and sustained release. Current inventions for posterior segment treatments include intravitreal implants and subretinal viral gene delivery that satisfy these criteria. Several other novel drug delivery technologies, including nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, microneedles, liposomes, and nanowires, are now being widely studied for posterior segment drug delivery, and extensive research on gene delivery using siRNA, mRNA, or aptamers is also on the rise. This review discusses the current state of retinal drug/gene delivery and highlights future therapeutic opportunities.
Trajectory of health-related quality of life during the last year of life in patients with advanced non-small–cell lung cancer
Authors: Kristensen Are , Grønberg Bjørn Henning , Fløtten Øystein , Kaasa Stein , Solheim Tora Skeidsvoll 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The aims of this study were to assess the trajectory of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during the last year of life in patients with advanced non-small–cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to explore when and to what degree deterioration of symptoms and physical functioning accelerate towards the end of life.

Methods
Data from two RCTs of first-line chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC was analyzed. HRQOL was assessed repeatedly using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and LC13. Changes in HRQOL scores were investigated relative to the time of death.

Results
The study sample included 730 patients, with a median of four HRQOL assessments per patient (range 1–9). Fatigue, dyspnea, appetite loss, and cough were the most pronounced symptoms in all phases of the disease trajectory. The deterioration rates of global quality of life, physical function, and key symptoms were relatively slow until 4 months before death. Then, the decline accelerated, and for physical function, fatigue, and dyspnea, there was a very rapid decline in the last 2 months.

Conclusions
Patients with advanced NSCLC experience a high symptom burden that worsens over time, especially in the last 4 months. Regular symptom monitoring may help identify where patients are in the disease trajectory, serve as a trigger for changes in anticancer and symptomatic treatment, and facilitate discussions about end-of-life care.
Norms of Constatives
Authors: Gaszczyk Grzegorz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccording to the normative approach, speech acts are governed by certain norms. Interestingly, the same is true for classes of speech acts. This paper considers the normative treatment of constatives, consisting of such classes as assertives, predictives, suggestives, and more. The classical approach is to treat these classes of illocutions as species of constatives. Recently, however, Simion (Shifty Speech and Independent Thought: Epistemic Normativity in Context, Oxford University Press, 2021) has proposed that all constatives (i) are species of assertion, and (ii) are governed by the knowledge norm. I defend the classical treatment of constatives and show that Simion’s conclusion is untenable. No taxonomy of speech acts can accommodate such a view. More importantly, we can test whether a particular speech act is an assertion or not. I propose five tests of assertion, the passing of which is a necessary condition for being an assertion. Some constative speech acts fail these tests. Thus, contrary to Simion, not all constatives can be regarded as species of assertion.