bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Nutritional Quality Evaluation of Fruit Peel Candies
Authors: Vaishali Nagar  , Mayuri Rastogi  
Published: August 2022

The major motive of this research work is to study the preparation of candies from orange and lemon peels. Citrus peels are the discarded or waste material from citrus fruits which are used as a main ingredient in this research to utilize fruit waste and to reduce harmful effects on the environment and to produce value added products. Orange peels are an excellent source of vit-C, fibre, vit-B6, folic acid, calcium and other nutrients. Due to the presence of naturally occurring chemical limonene they have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Lemon peels are a good source of calcium, potassium, fibre, vit-C and healthy enzymes and flavonoids that have antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. Orange and lemon peels were dried to obtain high fibre and vit-C rich powder which is then used to prepare candies. Three samples of candies were prepared- C1(20 g orange peel powder + 100 g sugar), C2 (20 g lemon peel powder + 100 g sugar), C3(10 g orange peel powder+10 g lemon peel powder + 100 g sugar). Physio-chemical properties of candies such as pH, moisture content and Ash content were determined by using AOAC methods. Crude fibre, total sugar, vitamin C content and shelf-life of prepared candy were analysed. Sensory evaluation of candies was done by using hedonic scale.
Effect of variations in the composition and size of red sand grains on the quality of K-225 concrete
Authors: Harahap Mukti Hamjah , Putri Aulia E. 
Published: August 2022

The effect of variations in the composition and size of red sand grains on the solid quality made in the form of a 15×15×15 cm cubes were investigated. By implementing the standard of SNI K-225 which is a mixture of 1:1.9:2.8 with FAS 0.6 and the composition of red sand consisting of 0, 2, 4, 5, and 6.5% of the weight of fine aggregate and variations in the size of red sand grains of 80, 100, and 120 mesh, the concrete was being treated in a water bath for 28 days. It was tested by the method of water absorption, compressive strength test, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The test result of SEM indicated that variations of both the composition and size of red sand grains affect the porosity of the concrete. XRD test obtained Ca(OH)2, CaCO3 and SiO2, as the highest intensity element, and the similar crystal structure formed is hexagonal. The maximum compressive strength of the concrete on the composition of 4% with a grain size of 80 mesh red sand that is 32.3 MPa with is linear with the results of testing the water absorption of concrete along with the decreasing variations in the size of red sand grain.
Dampak Perceraian Di Luar Pengadilan Terhadap Hak Nafkah Anak (Studi Kasus Di Desa Mendala Kecamatan Sirampog)
Authors: Amelin Heranti Amelin Heranti 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In Indonesia divorce has been regulated in article 39 (1) of Law no. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage that: "Divorce can only be carried out in front of a Religious Court trial after the Religious Court has tried and failed to reconcile the two parties". The focus of the problem this time is whether or not the provision of a living for parents, especially the male as the father and as the person in charge of the income, especially when the couple is divorced.
The results of this study reveal that the factors that cause the people of Mendala Village to still divorce out of court, namely: Economic factors, there are still many people who think that divorce in court takes a long time, people do not want to bother dealing with courts, lack of legal awareness. And from divorce outside the court, the child's right to support is not fulfilled.

Kata kunci: Perceraian di luar sidang, hak nafkah, Maqhāsid al-Syarī‘at.

Abstrak
Di Indonesia perceraian telah diatur dalam pasal 39 (1) Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan bahwa : “Perceraian hanya dapat dilakukan di depan sidang Pengadilan Agama setelah Pengadilan Agama tersebut berusaha dan tidak berhasil mendamaikan kedua belah pihak”. Fokus permaslahan kali ini adlah apakah berjalan atau tidak pemberian nafkah orang tua terutama laki-laki sebagai ayah dan sebagai penanggung jawab atas nafkah tersebut terlebih ketika pasngan tersebut telah bercerai.
Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan masyarakat Desa Mendala masih banyak melakukan perceraian di luar pengadilan yaitu: Faktor ekonomi, masih banyak masyarakat yang beranggapan bahwa bercerai dipengadilan memakan waktu yang lama, masyarakat tidak mau repot berurusan ke pengadilan, kurangnya kesadaran hukum. Dan dari perceraian di luar sidang pengadilan menjadikan tidak terpenuhinya hak nafkah anak.
Keywords: Divorce outside the court, the right to a living, Maqhāsid al-Syarī'at.
Dampak Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan Terhadap Dispensasi Kawin (Studi Pendapat Hakim Pengadilan Agama Purbalingga
Authors: Maulida Afiya Sofa Maulida Afiya Sofa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Early marriage is an underage marriage carried out by a husband and wife, one of whom has not met the marriage age limit. In October 2019 the Marriage Law Number 1 of 1974 article 7 was revised to become Law Number 16 of 2019. Which discussed the marriage age which was originally 16 years for women was changed to 19 years. In Indonesia, there is a marriage dispensation rule, namely the granting of the right to a person to carry out a marriage even though his age has not reached the age limit for marriage. In this study, the renewal of Law Number 16 of 2019 against Law Number 1 of 1974 greatly affected the marriage dispensation, namely a significant increase in applications at the Purbalingga Religious Court. The judge's opinion regarding the existence of Law Number 16 of 2019 the judge agreed because the Law was born on the basis of the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 22/PUU-XV/2017 which the background of the decision was concerning the fear of violations of human rights, discrimination, exploitation, not carry out compulsory education and endanger reproductive health. So that people can rethink the application that will be submitted to the Religious Court
Keywords: Law no. 16 of 2019, Dispensation for Marriage, Judge's Opinion

Abstrak
Perkawinan dini merupakan perkawinan dibawah umur yang dilakukan oleh sepasang suami istri, yang salah satu mempelainya belum memenuhi batas usia perkawinan. Pada bulan Oktober 2019 Undang-undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 pasal 7 mengalami revisi menjadi Undang-undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019. Yang membahas mengenai usia perkawinan yang awalnya 16 tahun untuk wanita diubah menjadi 19 tahun. Di Indonesia terdapat aturan dispensasi kawin yaitu pemberian hak kepada seseorang untuk melaksanakan perkawinan meskipun usianya belum mencapai batas usia perkawinan. Dalam penelitian ini bahwa pembaharuan Undang-undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 sangat berpengaruh pada dispensasi kawin, yakni peningkatan permohonan yang signifikan di Pengadilan Agama Purbalingga. Pendapat hakim mengenai adanya Undang-undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 hakim setuju karena Undang-undang tersebut lahir atas dasar putusan MK Nomor 22/PUU-XV/2017 yang latar belakang putusan tersebut mengenai khawatir terjadinya pelanggaran terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia, diskriminasi, eksploitasi, tidak melaksanakan wajibnya pendidikan dan membahayakan kesehatan reproduksi. Sehingga masyarakat bisa memikir ulang terkait permohonan yang akan diajukan ke Pengadilan Agama.
Kata kunci: UU No. 16 Tahun 2019, Dispensasi Kawin, Pendapat Hakim
AKTUALISASI DIRI PADA PENCAPAIAN TUJUAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPIAN SOFT SKILL
Authors: Sarnoto Ahmad Zain , Fitriyani Laela 
Published: August 2022

Succesfull and achievement of a person in various aspects of life is not determined solely by academic knowledge and technical skill (hard skill). But more to the ability to manage yourself and others ( soft skill).
This is in line with what was stated by Patton, who stated "psychologists agree that IQ only accounts for about 20% of the factors that determine success, the remaining 80% come from other factors, including what is meant by emotional intelligence".
The results of this study mention that the process of developing soft skills in service participants at STAI Nurul Iman is neat and organized with a unique system, the outputs produced are able to actualize themselves, because the educational process lasts long, systematic and continuous.
The researcher used a descriptive qualitative research approach. While the data collection method uses interview, observation, and documentation techniques. then the validity of the data uses the triangulation technique
PENGARUH SUPERVISI KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI MTSN 41 AL AZHAR ASY SYARIF INDONESIA
Authors: Shunhaji Akhmad , Zulaihah Zulaihah 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman data-data empirik mengenai hubungan supervisi kepala sekolah dan kompetensi pedagogik, baik sendiri-sendiri maupun secara bersama-sama dengan kinerja guru di MTs N 41 Al Azhar Asy Syarif Indonesia Srengseng Sawah, Jakarta Selatan. Hipotesis penelitian ialah (1) Terdapat pengaruh yang erat dan signifikan supervisi kepala sekolah Terhadap kinerja guru di MTs N 41 Al Azhar Asy Syarif Indonesia Srengseng Sawah, Jakarta Selatan (2) Terdapat Pengaruh yang erat dan signifikan kompetensi pedagogik kinerja guru di MTs N 41 Al Azhar Asy Syarif Indonesia Srengseng Sawah, Jakarta Selatan.
Dalam penelitian ini mengggunakan metode survei dengan pendekatan korelasional yang dilaksanakan di MTs N 41 Al Azhar Asy Syarif Indonesia Srengseng Sawah, Jakarta Selatan.. Pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner untuk semua variabel X1, X2 dan Y. Adapun analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasional dengan teknik korelasi rumus product moment. Hasil pengujian hipotesis membuktikan terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara Supervisi kepala sekolah dan Kompetensi pedagogik secara bersama sama dengan Kinerja guru di MTs N 41 Al Azhar Asy Syarif. Dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,419. Disimpulkan sumbangan supervisi kepala sekolah (X1) dan Kompetensi pedagogik (X2) secara bersama sama terhadap peningkatan kinerja guru (Y) sebesar 41,9 % dan sisanya sebesar 58,1 % dari faktor lain yang tidak diteliti.
Temuan ini diharapkan mampu memberikan konstribusi yang positif bagi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik dan kinerja guru
PENGARUH PROFESIONALISME DAN KINERJA TENAGA PENDIDIK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR AL-QUR’AN HADITS PESERTA DIDIK DI MTs NEGERI 1 SUBANG
Authors: Sarnoto Ahmad Zain , Andri Andri 
Published: August 2022

Profesionalisme Tenaga Pendidik merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi Hasil Belajar Al-Qur’an Hadits Peserta Didik. Peningkatan dari skor Profesionalisme Tenaga Pendidik akan diikuti dengan peningkatan Hasil Belajar Al-Qur’an Hadits Peserta Didik.
Kinerja Tenaga Pendidik merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi Hasil Belajar Al-Qur’an Hadits Peserta Didik. Peningkatan dari Kinerja Tenaga Pendidik akan diikuti dengan peningkatan Hasil Belajar Al-Qur’an Hadits Peserta Didik.
Hubungan kedua variabel independen (Profesionalisme Tenaga Pendidik dan Kinerja Tenaga Pendidik) secara simultan menujukkan adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan variabel dependen (Hasil Belajar Al-Qur’an Hadits Peserta Didik). Jadi pada permasalahan yang sedang diteliti diketahui bahwa secara simultan kedua variabel independen atau bebas (Profesionalisme Tenaga Pendidik dan Kinerja Tenaga Pendidik) memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan terhadap Hasil Belajar Al-Qur’an Hadits Peserta Didik.
Maka secara bersama-sama variabel Profesionalisme Tenaga Pendidik dan Kinerja Tenaga Pendidik memberikan kontribusi atau pengaruh terhadap Hasil Belajar Al-Qur’an Hadits Peserta Didik dan sisanya merupakan faktor lain diluar kedua variabel bebas yang diteliti. Jadi Hasil Belajar Al-Qur’an Hadits Peserta Didik tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh Profesionalisme Tenaga Pendidik dan Kinerja Tenaga Pendidik saja, akan tetapi bisa juga dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan, pola asuh orang tua, pendidikan agama sejak usia anak-anak, latar belakang pendidikan orang tua, Pendidikan di sekolah dan lain sebagainya
Qualitative & Semi-Quantitative Reasoning Techniques for Engineering Projects at Conceptual Stage
Authors: M. H. Gedig  , S. F. Stiemer  
Published: August 2022

During the development of engineering projects, the level of uncertainty is not static. The level of uncertainty typically diminishes from the early, conceptual stages of the project to the latter, detailed stages. At the present time there are many tools available to the engineer for reasoning with relatively low levels of uncertainty. Unfortunately there are few resources available for drawing sound conclusions from information that is characterized by a high level of uncertainty. Since decisions made early in the project cycle generally have a greater financial impact than those made later, it is worthwhile to investigate tools which are able to provide systematic and logical evaluation of preliminary or conceptual designs. This paper investigates sound techniques for evaluating projects at the early stages, including qualitative reasoning and semi-quantitative reasoning. The paper shows that qualitative analysis methods enable the engineer to reason with a high level of abstraction. As a normal engineering project progresses, more numeric information becomes available, and the results of semi-quantitative reasoning become more useful.
FE Analysis of Complex Discontinuous and Jointed Structural Systems
Authors: A.D. Tzamtzis  , P.G. Asteris  
Published: August 2022

In this part, a non-linear 3D finite element model for the analysis of unreinforced masonry walls subjected to static and seismic loads is presented, in order to demonstrate the applicability and potential of the method proposed in Part 1. The work reported here could also stand “on-its-own”, due to the detailed investigation made on this particular subject. The model developed considers masonry as a two-phase material, treating bricks and mortar joints separately, thus allowing for nonlinear deformation characteristics and progressive local failure of both bricks and mortar joints. The influence of the mortar joints is taken into account by using ‘interface’ elements to simulate the timedependent sliding and separation along the interfaces. Analytical and experimental solutions available in the literature have been employed to verify the results obtained from the present finite element model, showing that it is capable of a high degree of accuracy.
Non-linear analysis of dowelled timber connections: a new approach for embedding modelling
Authors: P. Racher  , J.F. Bocquet  
Published: August 2022

A finite element modelling is developed to analyse the behaviour of timber connections taking into account the plastic behaviour of the timber beneath the fasteners. The local non linearities control the stiffness and the load-carrying capacity of the timber joints. It results in interaction effects on the stress states in the timber and the load distribution among the fasteners that can lead to brittle failure modes such as the block shear failure.This paper presents a new approach based on the development of a pseudo three-dimensional model for the timber in the vicinity of the fasteners. According to the observed behaviour, this finite element model was developed to describe the geometrical and mechanical non-linear behaviours at the micro-scale of the wood beneath the fasteners. Considering the orthotropic behaviour of the timber, the timber around the fasteners is modelled as a structure made up of elementary finite elements. The model accounts also for the friction, the contact and the various irreversible deformations which appear within the timber. An analysis of the embedding behaviour is carried out for three species: spruce, hem-fir and iroko. The comparison of experimental and simulated results shows that this new approach provides a good approximation. An additional sensibility analysis calibrates the model efficiency for coupling the fastener deformation and the timber stresses in the analysis of timber connections.
New approach to improving distortional strength of intermediate length thin-walled open section columns
Authors: R. S. Talikoti  , K. M. Bajoria  
Published: August 2022

This paper describes a method which can be adopted to improve the torsional and also distortional strength of thin-walled cold-formed steel columns used in pallet racking systems. Elastic buckling analysis on two different types of column sections of intermediate length was done first in our study, after finding the buckling strength and mode of failure, the column sections were made distortionally stronger by adding simple spacers. Spacers are simple concentric tubes which are used to connect the flanges of open thin walled column sections (Fig. 3.). More than 22 laboratory experiments were carried out with different spacer spacing to asses the strength and behavior of these two different column sections. All these columns tested were investigated using finite element analysis software ANSYS [1]. The experimental results were verified with finite element analysis results obtained by solving the sections using ANSYS [1] software. Details of the experimentation and finite element analysis are presented here.
Modelling reinforced concrete structures subjected to impulsive loading using concrete lattice model
Authors: Ngo Tuan , Mendis Priyan 
Published: August 2022

A two dimensional behavioral rate dependent lattice model (RDLM) capable of analyzing reinforced concrete members subjected to impulsive loading is presented. As a result of the impulsive loads reaching their peak intensity in extremely short durations of time, material nonlinearities and strain rate effects play an important role in the analysis. A numerical approach based on an explicit finite element formulation is introduced to solve two dimensional planar structural problems under impulsive loads. The procedure incorporates equilibrium and compatibility conditions and utilizes realistic rate dependent stressstrain relationships for cracked concrete. The model inherently takes into account some major influencing factors, progressive cracking of concrete in tension, the inelastic response in compression, the yielding of reinforcing steel, and strain rate sensitivity of concrete and steel. Correlation studies between analytical and experimental results on reinforced concrete beams subject to impulsive loading are conducted and are shown to be in good agreement.
Are Static Foot Posture Measures Related to Static and Dynamic Plantar Pressure Parameters?
Authors: Kirmizi Muge , Sengul Yesim Salik , Yalcinkaya Gamze , Angin Salih 
Published: August 2022

Background: A few studies have investigated the relationship between foot posture measures and plantar pressure parameters, but no study has investigated the correlation of foot posture measures with all primary parameters consisting of contact area (CA), maximum force (MF), and peak pressure (PP). We aimed to determine the relationship of the Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6) and navicular drop (ND) with plantar pressure parameters during static standing and preferred walking.
Methods: Seventy people were included. Navicular drop and the FPI-6 were used to assess foot posture. Plantar pressure parameters including CA, MF, and PP were recorded by a pressure-sensitive mat during barefoot standing and barefoot walking at preferred speed. All assessments were repeated three times and averaged. Pearson correlation coefficients below 0.300 were accepted as negligible and higher ones were interpreted.
Results: Navicular drop was moderately correlated with dynamic CA under the midfoot and second metatarsal; also, the FPI-6 was moderately correlated with dynamic CA under the midfoot (0.500 < r < 0.700). The other interpreted correlations were poor (0.300 < r < 0.500). Both measures were correlated with dynamic CA under the second and third metatarsals; dynamic CA and MF under the midfoot; and static CA, MF, and PP under the first metatarsal and hallux (P < .01). Navicular drop was also correlated with dynamic MF under the first metatarsal and dynamic CA under the fourth metatarsal (P < .01). Furthermore, ND was correlated with static CA and PP under the second metatarsal and static PP under the fifth metatarsal (P < .01). The FPI-6 was also correlated with dynamic MF and PP under the hallux (P < .01).
Conclusions: The correlations between foot posture measures and plantar pressure variables are poor to moderate. The measures may be useful in the clinical assessment of medial forefoot problems related to prolonged standing and midfoot complaints related to high force during walking. Furthermore, the FPI-6 may provide valuable data regarding hallux complaints related to the high loads during walking.
Levels and correlates of knowledge of teething among Saudi Arabian families
Authors: Alkhozaim Dina A. , Al-Haj Ali Sanaa N. , Farah Ra’fat I. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Parental knowledge of teething has been repeatedly investigated; however, little emphasis has been made on the associated sociodemographic factors with good knowledge of the parents and whether or not good knowledge is translated into adopting proper pain-relieving practices. The present study aims to firstly assess the knowledge level and practices of Saudi parents regarding teething and then explore associated sociodemographic variables with good knowledge of teething to determine the relation between parents’ knowledge of teething and their adoption of pain-relieving practices.

Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited parents from the social networking sites Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp, and they were asked to answer a pretested three-part internationally accepted questionnaire. Data were examined using descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient analysis.

Results
One thousand four hundred ninety-nine parents responded and returned completed questionnaires. Of those, only 11.2% had good knowledge of teething. The majority of parents did not have basic knowledge of the teething period as well as believed that teething was associated with a runny nose (87.5%), diarrhea (77.9%), and sleep disturbance (72%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that parents with no primary school education (Odds Ratio: 0.29), or those who had an intermediate or secondary education level (OR: 0.55 and 0.78) were less likely to have good knowledge compared with parents who had a university degree. However, parents who earned intermediate monthly income (OR: 6.63) were more likely to have good knowledge of teething. With regards to practices used to relieve teething pain, inappropriate practices were observed regarding bottle feeding at night to soothe the child’s pain (72%) and applying topical analgesics to rub the gum (72.4%). A significant positive correlation was found between the knowledge score and the practice score of both fathers and mothers (r = 0.22 and 0.13, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
A very low percentage of Saudi parents, mainly those with the highest education level and intermediate monthly income, had good knowledge of teething, which translated into appropriate practices to soothe the child’s pain regardless of the parent’s gender. Saudi parents should receive anticipatory guidance related to teething from all health professionals to ensure an uneventful teething period for their children.