bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calling situated: a survey among medical students supplemented by a qualitative study and a comparison with a surveyed sample of physicians
Authors: Bonvin S. , Stiefel F. , Gholam M. , Bourquin C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCalling within the medical context receives growing academic attention and empirical research has started to demonstrate its beneficial effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate what motivates students to enter medical school and what role calling may play (i), to evaluate if calling influences the way in which they experience their studies (ii), and to compare medical students’ experience of calling with those of physicians.MethodsA questionnaire survey was distributed among medical students (N = 1048; response rate above 60%) of the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. It was supplemented by a group discussion between bachelor medical students (N = 8) and senior physicians (N = 4), focusing on different facets of calling. An existing data set of a survey among physicians, addressing calling with the same questionnaire, was used to compare students’ and physicians’ attitudes towards calling. Survey data were analyzed with the habitual statistical procedures for categorical and continuous variables. The group discussion was analyzed with thematic analysis.ResultsThe survey showed that experiencing calling is a motivational factor for study choice and influences positively choice consistency. Students experiencing calling differed from those who did not: they attributed different definitions to calling, indicated more often prosocial motivational factors for entering medical school and perceived the learning context as less burdensome. The analysis of the group discussion revealed that the concept of calling has a fluid definition. It was conceived as having the characteristics of a double-edged sword and as originating from within or outside or from a dialectic interplay between the inner and outer world. Finally, calling is experienced less often by physicians than by medical students, with a decreasing prevalence as the immersion in the clinical years of the study of medicine progresses.ConclusionsCalling plays an important role in study choice and consistency of medical students. Given its relevance for medical students and its ramifications with the learning context, calling should become a topic of the reflexive parts of the medical curriculum. We critically discuss the role played by calling for medical students and provide some perspectives on how calling could be integrated in the reflection and teaching on physicianhood.
Virtual Interviews Improve Equity and Wellbeing: Results of a Survey of Applicants to Obstetrics and Gynecology Subspecialty Fellowships
Authors: Do Tran Ann , Heisler Christine A. , Botros-Brey Sylvia , Wang Hanzhang , Gaigbe-Togbe Bertille , Leegant Ava , Hardart Anne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Nationwide restrictions and recommendations from the Association of American Medical Colleges mandated program directors to conduct all graduate medical education interviews virtually in the Spring of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted to assess the impact of virtual interviews on a candidates’ ability to effectively create a rank list.

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate Obstetrics and Gynecology (ObGyn) subspecialty fellowship applicants’ perspectives regarding the effectiveness of virtual interviews for creating a rank list. Secondary outcomes included perceived advantages and disadvantages of the process and costs of the process.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional IRB-exempt study, using an electronic survey administered to a convenience sample of applicants to ObGyn subspecialty fellowship programs. The survey was administered via RedCap between the rank list submission deadline and the Match. Descriptive statistics were used.

Results
Response rate was 158/330 (48%). Overall, 129/158 (82%) percent of respondents felt confident in making their rank list based on the virtual interviews, and 146/158 (92%) were “very satisfied” or “somewhat satisfied” with the process. Of those who expressed an interview style preference, 65/149(44%) of respondents preferred virtual interviews; 49/149(33%) had no preference or were not sure. Nearly all 146/148(99%) applicants cited cost-savings as a distinct advantage of virtual interviews.

Conclusion
Applicants to ObGyn subspecialty fellowships felt comfortable to create a rank list based on the virtual interview. This study indicates that the virtual format is effective, less stressful and less costly for ObGyn subspecialty interviews and should be considered beyond the pandemic to remove barriers and burdens for applicants.
Dynamics between insight and medication adherence in first-episode psychosis: Study of 3-year trajectories
Authors: Elowe Julien , Ramain Julie , Solida Alessandra , Conus Philippe , Golay Philippe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
While specialized early intervention programs represent the gold standard in terms of optimal management of first-episode psychosis (FEP), poor medication adherence remains a predominant unmet need in the treatment of psychosis. In this regard, an interaction between insight and adherence in FEP patients has been hypothesized but has been challenged by multiple pitfalls.

Methods
Latent profile analysis and trajectory modeling techniques were used to evaluate insight and adherence of 331 FEP patients engaged at the beginning, middle, and end of a 3-year specialized early psychosis program. A Bayesian model comparison approach was used to compare scores of clinical, functional, and socioeconomic outcomes at the end point of the study.

Results
Nearly one-third of the patients maintain a high level of insight and adherence during the entire program. At the end of the 3-year follow-up, more than three-quarters of patients are considered adherent to their medication. Patients with low levels of insight and adherence at the beginning of the program improve first in terms of adherence and then of insight. Furthermore, patients with high levels of insight and adherence are most likely to reach functional recovery and to experience an increase in environmental quality of life.

Conclusions
Latent FEP subpopulations can be identified based on insight and adherence. Medication adherence was the first variable to improve, but a gain in insight possibly plays a role in the reinforcement of adherence.
Beam steered graphene-based Yagi–Uda array antenna with a transverse magnetic to hybrid mode conversion approach
Authors: Yadav Rajesh , Pandey V. S. , Kumar Sandeep , Gotra Shailza 
Published: August 2022

This work presents the existence of the mode conversion technique in a graphene-based Yagi–Uda array antenna. It comprises four arrays whose strands are placed on a silicon dioxide substrate, and are eventually connected with the graphene ring. All four driven elements of the Yagi–Uda array antenna are excited through the

50

Ω

silver nanostrip feedline. The proposed antenna offers mode conversion due to variation of the chemical potential of graphene. It controls conversion of the

T
M

32

δ

to

H
E
M

21

δ

mode of the antenna. This is attributed to the change in the biasing voltage of graphene. This in turn shifts the radiation pattern from the end-fire to the broadside direction, which effectively confirms the beam reconfigurability. This antenna provides a high directivity of 12.21 dBi at 4.55 THz center frequency. The proposed antenna is designed and analyzed by using CST Microwave Studio, which is based on the finite difference time domain scheme. The beam steered graphene-based antenna has been utilized for several terahertz communication systems.
Usability and feasibility of a cognitive-behavioral mobile app for ADHD in adults
Authors: Knouse Laura E. , Hu Xiaodi , Sachs George , Isaacs Sebastian 
Published: August 2022

Objective
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has growing evidence of efficacy for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. Mobile health apps are promising tools for delivering scalable CBT. In a 7-week open study of Inflow, a CBT-based mobile app, we assessed usability and feasibility to prepare for a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Method
240 adults recruited online completed baseline and usability assessments at 2 (n = 114), 4 (n = 97) and after 7 weeks (n = 95) of Inflow use. 93 participants self-reported ADHD symptoms and impairment at baseline and 7 weeks.

Results
Participants rated Inflow’s usability favorably, used the app a median of 3.86 times per week, and a majority of those using the app for 7 weeks self-reported decreases in ADHD symptoms and impairment.

Conclusion
Inflow demonstrated usability and feasibility among users. An RCT will determine whether Inflow is associated with improvement among more rigorously assessed users and beyond non-specific factors.
Utilization of point-of-care ultrasound and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in the diagnosis and management of amniotic fluid embolism presenting as post-partum hemorrhage and cardiac arrest
Authors: Phillips Angela N. , Kirkland Lisa L. , Wagner William E. , Melamed Roman , Tierney David M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the integration of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in the diagnosis and management of cardiac arrest secondary to amniotic fluid embolism (AFE).Case presentationA 29-year-old female presented for induction of labor at 39 weeks. Labor was complicated by hemorrhage and subsequent sinus tachycardia pulseless electrical activity (PEA) arrest. Intra-arrest POCUS demonstrated right ventricular dilation and hypokinesis adding to a presumed hemorrhagic arrest etiology. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) was initiated at the bedside following the POCUS findings. ROTEM further clarified the etiology of hemorrhage as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and in combination with the POCUS findings led to a final diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism with DIC. The patient was maintained on VA-ECMO without heparin in the setting of DIC. She had a complicated hospital course but was discharged home with her healthy child and no residual physical or neurologic deficits.ConclusionsIn the absence of more specific testing modalities the utilization of rapidly available POCUS in conjunction with ROTEM can impact clinical decision making of cardiovascular resuscitation in patients during labor and delivery by narrowing the differential between pulmonary embolism and AFE.
Improve cardinality with two-dimensional unipolar (optical) orthogonal codes for multiple access interference
Authors: M. N. Harshavardhana , Tarannum Suraiya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is one of the promising technologies to be implemented using all-optical networks. The OCDMA system performance is substantially determined by the particular encoding codes. Due to the different transmitter and receiver design considerations, selecting the right code family and code dimension is critical. In this research, 2D codes based on permutation vectors’ (PV) codes are presented to overcome the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) problem and system complexity. Consequently, the research work focused on two-dimensional unipolar codes to mitigate the probability error and cardinality of the optical CDMA system. A fast wavelength-hopping/time-spreading (FWHTS) is introduced as an encoding technique. The FWHTS is used for code construction design, and it achieves cardinality in upper bound theory without sacrificing good auto-and-cross correlation properties. Accordingly, hybrid codes with serial elimination interference receivers are presented to estimate the error probability of 2D optical codes. The proposed method is simulated using Python software. The performance metrics are flexibility, bit rate, minimum temporal length, computational complexity, cardinality and wavelength. The proposed method is compared with the existing 2D balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) technique and multidiagonal (MD) codes. The performance of the proposed method is approximately 4% higher than these existing methods. Subsequently, in the future work, a SAC-OCDMA code construction design shall be presented and the decoding techniques can be introduced, which can reduce the receiver noise and other phase intensity induced noise, respectively.
EXPRESSIONS OF PERCEIVED SUSCEPTIBILITY TOWARD NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Ho Jia Yiing Lucy , Ting Su Hie , Podin Yuwana 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Perceived susceptibility to diseases influences intentions to undertake health protective measures. Methods: The study investigated perceived susceptibility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) among Malaysians, focusing on their expressions of disease susceptibility before and after reading an NPC health pamphlet. Method: A total of 65 participants in Kuching and Kota Samarahan, Malaysia, aged 13 to 65, were interviewed on their perceptions of their risk of getting NPC. Results: The thematic analysis of the interviews revealed several levels of perceived susceptibility to NPC, namely, 1) not susceptible to NPC, 2) may be susceptible to NPC, 3) susceptible to NPC, and 4) not knowing much about susceptibility to NPC. The expressions the participants used revolved around “living a healthy life”, “second-hand smoker”, “polluted air” and “eat preserved or salted food”, indicating perceived risk factors of NPC. Conclusion: Some mentioned family history and ethnic background as risk factors. After reading the NPC pamphlet, the participants gave the same reasons but with more specific details on the symptoms and types of food associated with NPC. The study indicated that the NPC pamphlet can increase awareness of NPC because additional reasons given for NPC susceptibility after reading the pamphlet were signs of cancer, age, and NPC incidence in Malaysia.
Time-changed Fractional Convoluted Skellam Process
Authors: SENGAR AYUSHI S. , UPADHYE Neelesh S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, we introduce a convoluted version of Skellam process. We also give an alternate definition through its transition probabilities and discuss its distributional properties. Next, we consider the fractional version of convoluted Skellam process, which we call as fractional convoluted Skellam process (FCSP), and derive the probability generating function, mean, variance, covariance function, and establish its the long-range dependence property. Later, we introduce two time-changed variants of fractional convoluted Skellam process, in which we introduce time-change FCSP by Lévy subordinator and its first exit time, and call as TCFCSP-I and TCFCSP-II respectively. We also derive the law of iterated logarithm property for TCFCSP-I. Later we give the expression for the asymptotic behavior of moments of TCFCSP-II. MSC Classification: 60G22; 60G55
Arsenic removal performance of granular adsorbents using novel clinoptilolites modified with iron nanoparticles
Authors: Nami Shamin Hosseini , Mousavi Seyed Borhan , Fazli-Shokouhi Sara , Khatamian Masoumeh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this research, novel beads were successfully synthesized from natural clinoptilolite (CL) modified with iron nanoparticles (FCL). Beads were prepared using alginate (A) and chitosan (C). FESEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR techniques were employed to characterize the CL, FCL, A-bead, and C-bead. A comprehensive series of batch adsorption experiments were conducted utilizing both prepared samples to study the influential parameters. The most effective cross-linking solutions of chitosan and alginate were sodium tripolyphosphate/sodium hydroxide and 4% Ferric chloride, respectively. The optimum ratio of chitosan/FCL and alginate/FCL was 1:3 and 1:4, sequentially. The effect of initial arsenic concentration, and adsorbent concentration were evaluated. The optimal removal rate of 86% and 93.27% were found for A-beads and C-beads using their optimized initial concentration. Moreover, the best arsenic removal performance was seen 1 g/L for both A-beads and C-beads. The removal rate of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/L of alginate was 75.12%, 81.15%, 82.21%, 82.90%, and 83.15%, respectively. On the other hand, C-beads had higher removal rates at the considered contents. The removal rate of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/L of C-beads were 75.18%, 88.78%, 91.86%, 92.25%, and 92.4%, respectively. Additionally, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were employed to find the maximum adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of qmax of alginate and chitosan beads was 10000 𝜇g/g.
Parasitization Levels of Spodoptera frugiperda Eggs (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Three Different Corn Ecosystems in East Java
Authors: Wahyuningsih Rizki Dwi , Harjaka Tri , Suputa Suputa , Trisyono Y. Andi 
Published: August 2022

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has successfully invaded and spread to almost all provinces of Indonesia which may cause significant impacts on corn production. Local natural enemies could play an important role in managing this invasive insect, and more diverse ecosystems would benefit natural enemies. This study aimed to assess parasitization rates of S. frugiperda eggs by local egg parasitoids in three different corn ecosystems (agroforestry, rice field, and rainfed field) in East Java. Sentinel egg masses were used for this study by exposing eight-hour-old egg masses collected from the laboratory mass-rearing and left for 24 hours in corn plantations aged 7, 14, and 28 days after planting. Telenomus sp. was more abundant in the three ecosystems compared to Trichogramma sp. The egg mass parasitization varied from 15.6 to 52.5%. The number of egg masses parasitized was consistently higher in agroforestry, followed by rice fields and rainfed fields in all three different sampling times. Interestingly parasitization rates on egg masses were not different, and they ranged from 43.7 to 81.6%. These findings provide evidence on the importance of local egg parasitoids for managing S. frugiperda and some insights related to plant diversity to improving the services by these parasitoids.
O posicionamento frente à violência policial contra suspeitos branco e negro
Authors: Silva Ferreira Andreza Silene , Da Costa Silva Khalil , Pereira dos Santos Camino Cleonice , Rosas Torres Ana Raquel 
Published: August 2022

Este estudo investigou se a cor da pele das vítimas da violência policial influenciava os argumentos utilizados frente a esse tipo de violência. Participaram deste estudo 105 residentes de João Pessoa (Brasil) (idade M = 25,31; DP = 7,5). Utilizou-se um questionário com uma reportagem fictícia, na qual o suspeito de praticar um assalto havia sido gravemente agredido por um policial. Em uma condição, mencionava-se que o suspeito era branco e, em outra, que ele era negro. Os participantes foram convidados a escrever um texto justificando seus posicionamentos acerca do fato ocorrido. As respostas foram analisadas por meio do Iramuteq. Quando o suspeito era branco, a maioria dos posicionamentos (65 %) discordavam da ação policial, justificando-se que o uso da violência era ilegal ou arbitrário. Quando o suspeito era de cor negra, a maioria dos posicionamentos era de concordância com o uso da violência (51,43 %), justificando-se a mesma como medida de punição do suspeito e como procedimento necessário dada a ineficácia da justiça no combate ao crime. Concluiu-se que o posicionamento frente à violência policial consiste numa das expressões da discriminação contra negros e contribui para a manutenção de hierarquias raciais no Brasil.
Pilot Study of the Impact of a Head-Mounted Display and Probe Fixation for Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation
Authors: Moors Nina , Dekkers Janne M.A. , van de Wal Tessa J.H.L. , Peters Johannus F.W.A. , van Loon Fredericus H.J. 
Published: August 2022

Highlights

Abstract

Background:
Ultrasound is an efficient and effective technique to aid intravenous cannulation, in which good hand-eye coordination is crucial. To reduce the difficulty, the ultrasound image should be projected and visible in front of the practitioner during cannulation, and the probe should be stabilized on the target vein. The current study investigates the impact of a head-mounted display and probe fixation for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous cannulation success and time needed to successful insertion.

Materials and Methods:
This nonclinical pilot study included 49 nurse anesthetists. They were divided into an intervention group (cannulation with a head-mounted display and probe stabilizer for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous cannulation, n = 24) and control group (conventional method of ultrasound-guided cannulation, n = 25). Participants performed 20 procedures each on phantoms, with focus on first attempt cannulation success and time taken to completion of successful cannulation.

Results:
In the intervention group, 98% succeeded on their very first attempt at cannulation, compared to 52% in the control group (P &lt; 0.001). Time to successful cannulation on the first attempt was 1.13 ± 0.4 minutes in the intervention group, compared with 1.69 ± 0.8 minutes in the control group (P = 0.003). Overall, first attempt cannulation success was 92% in the intervention group and 90% for the control group (P = 0.359). Times required for successful cannulation was reduced by 0.08 minutes in the intervention group (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions:
This pilot study is the first describing the use of a head-mounted display and probe fixation for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous cannulation, which resulted in an increased success rate and decreased time to cannulation success.
Innovative Technology of Accelerated Composting of Chicken Manure to Obtain an Organic Fertilizer with a High Content of Humic Acids
Authors: Balanda Oksana , Serafinowska Daria , Marchenko Olha , Svystunova Iryna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the most important fractions of soil organic matter which has significant environmental and agricultural importance is humus. The specific humus compounds of soil include the complex of amorphous organic humic substances which include humic acids, fulvic acids and humins. The effectiveness of the natural formation of active humic substances during composting processes depends on the chemical composition of organic residues and the environmental conditions influencing the development and activity of native microorganisms. The aim of the project was to build innovative composting boxes for chicken manure that allow to effectively obtain a fertilizer with the highest possible content of humic acids, by creating perfect and controlled conditions for the rapid development of indigenous thermophilic microorganisms and by combining it with the owned bio-acceleration technology. For perfect conditions (temperature, humidity, oxygen, pH) for the controlled growth of microorganisms, an algorithm of the dependence of the box operation parameters on the course of the biological process, was built. The product obtained after composting is an easily digestible complex organic fertilizer of brown-black colour, pH 7.5-8.0 and NPK 5:3:4 and a high content of native humic acids. Its use increases the growth of green mass of plants and improves soil fertility, which has been proved by the conducted pot research.