bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of human and faunal enamel isotopes reveals diverse paleodiet and exchange patterns at the highland Maya Site of Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala
Authors: Sharpe Ashley E. , Arroyo Bárbara , Wright Lori E. , Ajú Gloria , Estrada Javier , Kamenov George D. , Serech Emanuel , Zavodny Emily 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study provides an isotopic examination of both human and animal paleodiets and mobility patterns at a highland Maya community. Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala, was a large Prehispanic center located in a distinctly cooler, drier setting compared with the majority of Maya sites in the surrounding lowlands. Previous archaeological research at Kaminaljuyu revealed it played an important political and economic role in the Maya region, assisting in the obsidian trade network and maintaining ties with communities as far away as Teotihuacan in central Mexico. By examining the strontium (87Sr/86Sr), carbon (δ13C), and oxygen (δ18O) isotope values from dental enamel of humans and terrestrial mammals at the site, this study provides direct evidence of long-distance animal trade, explores the nature and timing of such activities, and compares highland dietary patterns with faunal studies in the lowlands. Our results indicate that isotopically non-local humans and animals are most frequently found in special and ceremonial contexts, indicating that long-distance movements of people and products were motivated for politically or ritually significant events. Although dietary patterns showed cross-species variation, diets within species were similar between highland and lowland settings.
Reclined trend of alkyl chain of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate molecules induced by friction
Authors: Wang Xianzhang , Liu Yuan , Ma Liran , Xu Xuefeng , Tian Yu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSurfactants tend to adsorb on the surface/interface mostly in a directional manner. The alkyl chain orientation and conformation order for molecular monolayers of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) at low concentrations are studied by using the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS). The molecular arrangement of the surfactants adsorbed at the solid/liquid interface is further investigated. It is found that the arrangement of the SDBS at the interface becomes relatively ordered with increasing bulk concentration. Meanwhile, the orientation angle reduces gradually, and the molecules tend to be upright state. In addition, the effect of friction on the conformation order and orientation angle are also analyzed. The intensity of the SDBS vibrational contraction peak becomes lower after friction, which indicates that the anion has a reorientation process at the interface. The arrangement of molecules becomes more disordered due to friction. The orientation angle increases slightly, which indicates the monolayer has an inclined trend relative to the lateral direction on the interface. A modified adsorption model considering friction effect is proposed. This work may provide a reference for the further study of adsorption mechanism and application of surfactants.
Langzeitverlauf nach chirurgischer Therapie der gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit
Authors: Gehwolf Philipp , Wykypiel Heinz 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit (GERD) ist die häufigste Erkrankung des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts. Das Spektrum der Refluxkrankheit ist breit und reicht von milden Symptomen bis hin zu Komplikationen wie Blutung, Strikturen und Krebs. Die jährliche Inzidenz, also das Neuauftreten der GERD, wird auf 4,5–5,4 % geschätzt. Die wichtigsten Prädiktoren sind: männliches Geschlecht, Übergewicht (BMI > 25), regelmäßiger Alkoholkonsum und Rauchen. Die Pathophysiologie einer GERD basiert auf einer defekten Antirefluxbarriere. Treibende Kraft ist dabei der abdominothorakale Druckgradient, der zeitlebens auf den gastroösophagealen Übergang einwirkt und diesen Richtung thorakal verlagern kann. Die Diagnosestellung umfasst Symptomerhebung, Gastroskopie inklusiver Probenentnahme und der funktionellen Abklärung. Die Indikation zur Operation sowie die Wahl des Verfahrens wird individuell abgestimmt. Langzeitbeobachtungen (über 20 Jahre) einzelner Zentren und die Qualitätssicherung großer internationaler Gesellschaften attestieren der chirurgischen Antirefluxtherapie exzellente Lebensqualität und sehr gute Refluxkontrolle. Eigene Daten untermauern dieses Ergebnis ebenfalls.
Numerical investigation of particle motion at the steel—slag interface in continuous casting using VOF method and dynamic overset grids
Authors: Zhang Xiaomeng , Pirker Stefan , Saeedipour Mahdi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe capillary interactions are prominent for a micro-sized particle at the steel—slag interface. In this study, the dynamics of a spherical particle interacting with the steel—slag interface is numerically investigated using the volume of fluid method in combination with the overset grid technique to account for particle motion. The simulations have shown the particle’s separation process at the interface and successfully captured the formation and continuous evolution of a meniscus in the course of particle motion. A sensitivity analysis on the effect of different physical parameters in the steel—slag—particle system is also conducted. The result indicates that the wettability of particle with the slag phase is the main factor affecting particle separation behavior (trapped at the interface or fully separated into slag). Higher interfacial tension of fluid interface and smaller particle size can speed up the particle motion but have less effect on the equilibrium position for particle staying at the interface. In comparison, particle density shows a minor influence when the motion is dominated by the capillary effect. By taking account of the effect of meniscus and capillary forces on a particle, this study provides a more accurate simulation of particle motion in the vicinity of the steel—slag interface and enables further investigation of more complex situations.
Predictors of COVID-19 Fatality: A Worldwide Analysis of the Pandemic over Time and in Latin America
Authors: Rojas Dayana , Saavedra Jorge , Petrova Mariya , Pan Yue , Szapocznik José 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has infected over one hundred million people worldwide and has affected Latin America particularly severely in terms of both cases and deaths. This study aims to determine the association between SARS-CoV-2 testing and COVID-19 fatality rate worldwide over 8 months and to examine how this relationship differs between Latin America and all other countries. This cross-sectional study used March 2021 data from 169 countries. Multivariate regressions predicted COVID-19 fatality (outcome) from the number of SARS-CoV-2 tests (exposure), while controlling for other predictors. Results for March 2021 were compared to results from June 2020. Additionally, results for Latin America were also compared to all other countries except Latin American for March 2021. SARS-CoV-2 testing was associated with a significant decrease in COVID-19 fatality rate in both June 2020 and March 2021 (RR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.87–0.96 and RR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.74–1.00, respectively). SARS-CoV-2 testing was associated with a significant decrease in COVID-19 fatality rate in Latin American countries but not in all other countries (RR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.23–0.89 and RR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.82–1.11, respectively). However, the difference between the risk ratios for June 2020 and March 2021 and between the risk ratios for Latin America and all other countries were not statistically significant. Increased SARS-CoV-2 testing may be a significant predictor of lower COVID-19 case fatality rate, specifically in Latin American countries, due to the existence of a strong association, which may have driven the worldwide results.
Pontormo and the Art of Devotion in Renaissance Italy
Authors: Maratsos Jessica A. 
Published: January 2022

Both lauded and criticized for his pictorial eclecticism, the Florentine artist Jacopo Carrucci, known as Pontormo, created some of the most visually striking religious images of the Renaissance. These paintings, which challenged prevailing illusionistic conventions, mark a unique contribution into the complex relationship between artistic innovation and Christian traditions in the first half of the sixteenth century. Pontormo's sacred works are generally interpreted as objects that reflect either pure aesthetic experimentation, or personal and cultural anxiety. Jessica Maratsos, however, argues that Pontormo employed stylistic change deliberately for novel devotional purposes. As a painter, he was interested in the various modes of expression and communication - direct address, tactile evocation, affective incitement - as deployed in a wide spectrum of devotional culture, from sacri monti, to Michelangelo's marble sculptures, to evangelical lectures delivered at the Accademia Fiorentina. Maratsos shows how Pontormo translated these modes in ways that prompt a critical rethinking of Renaissance devotional art.
Beyond Reassurance: The Reputational Effect of Cultural Reforms in Peace Agreements
Authors: Fontana Giuditta , Masiero Ilaria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe explore whether including cultural reforms in an intra-state peace accord facilitates its success. We distinguish between accommodationist and integrationist cultural provisions and employ a mixed research method combining negative binomial regression on a data set of all intra-state political agreements concluded between 1989 and 2017, and an in-depth analysis of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement for Northern Ireland. We recognize the important reassuring effect of accommodationist cultural reforms in separatist conflicts. However, we also find that they have an important and hitherto overlooked reputational effect across all conflict types. By enhancing the reputation of negotiating leaders, accommodationist cultural provisions contribute to ending violence by preventing leadership challenges, rebel fragmentation and remobilization across all civil conflicts. By the same logic, and despite the overwhelming emphasis of peace agreements on integrationist cultural initiatives, integrationist cultural reforms problematize leaders' ability to commit to pacts and to ensure compliance among their rank and file.
Epidemics from the Population Perspective
Authors: Fuller Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany epidemics consist in individuals spreading infection to others. From the population perspective, they also have population characteristics important in modeling, explaining, and intervening in epidemics. I analyze epidemiology’s contemporary population perspective through the example of epidemics by examining two central principles attributed to Geoffrey Rose: a distinction between the causes of cases and the causes of incidence, and between “high-risk” and “population” strategies of prevention. Both principles require revision or clarification to capture the sense in which they describe distinct perspectives on the same phenomenon (such as an epidemic), each perspective capturing a different level of contrastive analysis.
The Bound State Answer to the Special Composition Question
Authors: Calosi Claudio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper provides the first thorough assessment of a physics-based answer, the Bound State Answer (BSA), to the Special Composition Question (SCQ). According to the BSA some objects compose something if they are in a common bound state. The reasons to endorse such an answer, in particular, motivations coming from empirical adequacy and conservativeness, precision, simplicity, and parsimony, are critically addressed. I then go on to compare the BSA to other moderate answers to the SCQ and consider whether objections raised against such answers can be raised against the BSA as well. I finally relate the discussion with mereological pluralism.
Symmetries as Humean Metalaws
Authors: Duguid Callum 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSymmetry principles are a central part of contemporary physics, yet there has been surprisingly little metaphysical work done on them. This article develops the Wignerian treatment of symmetries as higher-order laws—metalaws—within a Humean framework of lawhood. Lange has raised two obstacles to Humean metalaws, and the article shows that the account has the resources available to respond to both. It is argued that this framework for Humean metalaws stands as an example of naturalistic metaphysics, able to bring Humeanism into contact with the practice of actual science without giving up on the central denial of necessary connections.
THE TENSION BETWEEN THE REAL AND THE PAPER DEAL CONCERNING “NO ORAL MODIFICATION” CLAUSES
Authors: Finkelstein Elad , Lifshitz Shahar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a new model for the regulation of no oral modification (NOM) clauses. First, the article seeks to offer a deeper understanding of the wishes of the parties in contracts from the perspective of parties' autonomy, distinguishing between intentions focused on the legal relationships and those focused on extra-contractual relations. Second, we explain how enforcement of NOM clauses may influence the parties' relations. Third, the article includes an economic analysis clarifying the roles of efficiency and institutional considerations in the NOM phenomenon. Applying the results of our analysis, we propose a comprehensive model for regulating NOM clauses. The key innovation of the model is context-dependent regulation differentiating among sophisticated and equally powerful parties, unsophisticated parties of equal power, and relationships with power disparities. Our model also offers an auxiliary test to help distinguish between parties' legal relationships and their extra-contractual relations.
Local environmental context determines the colonisation of leaf shelters by arthropods: an experimental study
Authors: Novais Samuel , Hernández-Ortiz Vicente , Rodríguez-Hernández Karla , Quesada Mauricio , Fernandes G. Wilson , Bañol-Pérez Carolina , Sánchez-García Edgar A. , Aldaba-Núñez Fabian A. , Méndez-Vázquez Luis J. , Ochoa Manuel , Zurita-Solís Marisol A. , Aguirre-Jaimes Armando 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The magnitude of facilitation by shelter-building engineers on community structure is expected to be greater when they increase limited resources in the environment. We evaluated the influence of local environmental context on the colonisation of leaf shelters by arthropods in a Mexican evergreen tropical rainforest. We compared the species richness and abundance of arthropods (total and for different guilds) colonising artificially rolled leaves in habitats differing in understory heterogeneity (forest edge > old-growth forests > living fences). Arthropod abundance of the most representative arthropod taxa (i.e., Araneae, Blattodea, Collembola and Psocoptera) colonising the rolled leaves was greater at forest edge, a trend also observed for average arthropod abundance, and for detritivore and predator guilds. In addition, fewer arthropod species and individuals colonised the rolled leaves in the living fence habitat, a trend also observed for most arthropod guilds. As forest edge is expected to have a greater arthropod diversity and stronger density-dependent interactions, a greater limitation of refuges from competitors or predators may have determined the higher colonisation of the rolled leaves in this habitat. Our results demonstrate that local environment context is an important factor that affects the colonisation of arthropods in leaf shelters.
Association of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet and Mediterranean diet with blood pressure in less-developed ethnic minority regions
Authors: Dai Suyao , Xiao Xiong , Xu Chuanzhi , Jiao Yan , Qin Zixiu , Meng Jiantong , Zuo Haojiang , Zeng Peibin , Tang Dan , Wu Xinyu , Nima Qucuo , Quzong Deji , Zhao Xing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:We aimed to investigate the associations of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet and Mediterranean-style diet with blood pressure (BP) in less-developed ethnic minority regions (LEMR).Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated FFQ. Dietary quality was assessed by the DASH-style diet score and the alternative Mediterranean-style diet (aMED) score. The association between dietary quality and BP was evaluated using multivariate linear regression model. We further examined those associations in subgroups of BP level.Participants:A total of 81 433 adults from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study were included in this study.Results:In the overall population, compared with the lowest quintile, the highest quintile of DASH-style diet score was negatively associated with systolic BP (SBP) (coefficient –2·78, 95 % CI –3·15, –2·41; Pfor trend < 0·001), while the highest quintile of aMED score had a weaker negative association with SBP (coefficient –1·43, 95 % CI –1·81, –1·05; Pfor trend < 0·001). Both dietary indices also showed a weaker effect on diastolic BP (coefficient for DASH-style diet –1·06, 95 % CI –1·30, –0·82; coefficient for aMED –0·43, 95 % CI –0·68, –0·19). In the subgroup analysis, both dietary indices showed a stronger beneficial effect on SBP in the hypertension group than in either of the other subgroups.Conclusion:Our results indicated that the healthy diet originating from Western developed countries can also have beneficial effects on BP in LEMR. DASH-style diet may be a more appropriate recommendation than aMED as part of a dietary strategy to control BP, especially in hypertensive patients.
A qualitative analysis of dental professionals’ beliefs and concerns about providing aerosol generating procedures early in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cousins Matthew , Patel Kajal , Araujo Mariana , Beaton Laura , Scott Claire , Stirling Douglas , Young Linda , Knights Jennifer 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP) initiated a rapid review of the evidence related to the generation and mitigation of aerosols in dental practice. To support this review, a survey was distributed to better understand the provision of aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) in dentistry.

Methods
An online questionnaire was distributed to dental professionals asking about their current practice and beliefs about AGPs. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
Analysis revealed confusion and uncertainty regarding mitigation of AGPs. There was also frustration and scepticism over the risk of SARS-COV-2 transmission within dental settings, the evidence underpinning the restrictions and the leadership and guidance being provided, as well as concern over financial implications and patient and staff safety.

Discussion
The frustration and concerns expressed by respondents mirrored findings from other recent studies and suggest there is a need for reflection within the profession so that lessons can be learned to better support staff and patients.

Conclusion
Understanding the profession’s views about AGP provision contributed to the SDCEP rapid review and provides insights to help inform policymakers and leaders in anticipation not only of future pandemics but in considering the success of any large scale and/or rapid organisational change.
Focal adhesion kinase plays a dual role in TRAIL resistance and metastatic outgrowth of malignant melanoma
Authors: Del Mistro Greta , Riemann Shamala , Schindler Sebastian , Beissert Stefan , Kontermann Roland E. , Ginolhac Aurelien , Halder Rashi , Presta Luana , Sinkkonen Lasse , Sauter Thomas , Kulms Dagmar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite remarkable advances in therapeutic interventions, malignant melanoma (MM) remains a life-threating disease. Following high initial response rates to targeted kinase-inhibition metastases quickly acquire resistance and present with enhanced tumor progression and invasion, demanding alternative treatment options. We show 2nd generation hexameric TRAIL-receptor-agonist IZI1551 (IZI) to effectively induce apoptosis in MM cells irrespective of the intrinsic BRAF/NRAS mutation status. Conditioning to the EC50 dose of IZI converted the phenotype of IZI-sensitive parental MM cells into a fast proliferating and invasive, IZI-resistant metastasis. Mechanistically, we identified focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to play a dual role in phenotype-switching. In the cytosol, activated FAK triggers survival pathways in a PI3K- and MAPK-dependent manner. In the nucleus, the FERM domain of FAK prevents activation of wtp53, as being expressed in the majority of MM, and consequently intrinsic apoptosis. Caspase-8-mediated cleavage of FAK as well as FAK knockdown, and pharmacological inhibition, respectively, reverted the metastatic phenotype-switch and restored IZI responsiveness. FAK inhibition also re-sensitized MM cells isolated from patient metastasis that had relapsed from targeted kinase inhibition to cell death, irrespective of the intrinsic BRAF/NRAS mutation status. Hence, FAK-inhibition alone or in combination with 2nd generation TRAIL-receptor agonists may be recommended for treatment of initially resistant and relapsed MM, respectively.
Danger signal extracellular calcium initiates differentiation of monocytes into SPP1/osteopontin-producing macrophages
Authors: Murthy Supriya , Karkossa Isabel , Schmidt Caroline , Hoffmann Anne , Hagemann Tobias , Rothe Kathrin , Seifert Olga , Anderegg Ulf , von Bergen Martin , Schubert Kristin , Rossol Manuela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe danger signal extracellular calcium is pathophysiologically increased in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Calcium activates the NLRP3-inflammasome via the calcium-sensing receptor in monocytes/macrophages primed by lipopolysaccharide, and this effect is mediated by the uptake of calciprotein particles (CPPs) formed out of calcium, phosphate, and fetuin-A. Aim of the study was to unravel the influence of calcium on monocytes when the priming signal is not present. Monocytes were isolated from the blood of healthy controls and RA patients. Macrophages were characterized using scRNA-seq, DNA microarray, and proteomics. Imaging flow cytometry was utilized to study intracellular events. Here we show that extracellular calcium and CPPs lead to the differentiation of monocytes into calcium-macrophages when the priming signal is absent. Additional growth factors are not needed, and differentiation is triggered by calcium-dependent CPP-uptake, lysosomal alkalization due to CPP overload, and TFEB- and STAT3-dependent increased transcription of the lysosomal gene network. Calcium-macrophages have a needle-like shape, are characterized by excessive, constitutive SPP1/osteopontin production and a strong pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Calcium-macrophages differentiated out of RA monocytes show a stronger manifestation of this phenotype, suggesting the differentiation process might lead to the pro-inflammatory macrophage response seen in the RA synovial membrane.