bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid hormone receptor α controls larval intestinal epithelial cell death by regulating the CDK1 pathway
Authors: Tanizaki Yuta , Zhang Hongen , Shibata Yuki , Shi Yun-Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThyroid hormone (T3) regulates adult intestine development through T3 receptors (TRs). It is difficult to study TR function during postembryonic intestinal maturation in mammals due to maternal influence. We chose intestinal remodeling during Xenopus tropicalis metamorphosis as a model to study TR function in adult organ development. By using ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation)-Seq, we identified over 3000 TR-bound genes in the intestine of premetamorphic wild type or TRα (the major TR expressed during premetamorphosis)-knockout tadpoles. Surprisingly, cell cycle-related GO (gene ontology) terms and biological pathways were highly enriched among TR target genes even though the first major event during intestinal metamorphosis is larval epithelial cell death, and TRα knockout drastically reduced this enrichment. More importantly, treatment of tadpoles with cell cycle inhibitors blocked T3-induced intestinal remodeling, especially larval epithelial cell death, suggesting that TRα-dependent activation of cell cycle is important for T3-induced apoptosis during intestinal remodeling.
Thyroid Hormone Resistance: Multicentrical Case Series
Study
Authors: Santos Mata Maria Angeles , Ariza Jimenez Ana Belen , Macias Lopez Francisco , de la Camara Moraño Carmen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResistance to thyroid hormone syndrome (RTHS) is defined as increased thyroxine
and triiodothyronine associated with normal or increased thyrotropin. This is
usually due to a pathogenic variant of the gene coding for thyroid hormone
receptor B (THRB). THRB is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an altered
response of target tissue to the thyroid hormone action. Retrospective
cross-sectional observational study with diagnosis of RTHS evaluated in
secondary and tertiary hospitals for 6 years, from 2014 to 2020, in order to
describe variables including age, sex, anthropometric data, clinical and
biochemical characteristics of patients, who were divided according to age, in a
pediatric group from 0 to 14 years (index cases), and an adult group composed of
adult relatives of index cases. A molecular analysis of the THRB gene was
performed. The total retrospective cohort included 7 pediatric patients and 15
adults. We found 22 cases with a clear male predominance (14/22). Mean
age is 24.8 years old (22 days-70 years). Patients were referred because of
symptoms 18.2% (4/22), analysis results 22.7%
(5/22), or familial study 59.1% (13/22). About
31.8% (7/22) cases show goiter, 31.8% (7/22)
sympathetic symptoms and 13.6% (3/22) abnormalities in behavior.
In most cases, 77.3%, (17/22) show familial background of
thyroid abnormalities. It is important to remark that 18.2%
(4/22) relatives received previous incorrect treatments such as
thyroidectomy, because of wrong diagnosis. In conclusion, a better understanding
of RTHS, its prompt molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling, could avoid
unnecessary tests and inappropriate treatments.
Long-Term Glycemic Variability and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in
Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Ting , Zhang Xin , Liu Jian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLong-term glycemic fluctuation has been associated with cardiovascular risk in
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the findings are
inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the association between
parameters of long-term glycemic variability and risk of cardiovascular events
in T2DM patients. Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched
for longitudinal follow-up studies comparing the incidence of cardiovascular
events in T2DM patients with higher or lower long-term glycemic variability. A
random-effect model incorporating the potential heterogeneity among the included
studies was used to pool the results. Twelve follow-up studies with 146 653 T2DM
patients were included. The mean follow-up duration was 4.9 years. Pooled
results showed that compared to those with the lowest glycemic variability,
patients with the highest glycemic variability had significantly increased risk
of cardiovascular events, as evidenced by the standard deviation of glycated
hemoglobin [HbA1c-SD: relative risk (RR)=1.44, 95% confidence
interval (CI): 1.23 to 1.69, p<0.001;
I2=70%], HbA1c coefficient of variation (HbA1c-CV:
RR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.79. p<0.001;
I2=83%), standard deviation of fasting plasma glucose
(FPG-SD: RR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.65, p=0.009;
I2=0%), and FPG coefficient of variation (FPG-CV:
RR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.64, p=0.04;
I2=47%). In conclusion, increased long-term glycemic
variability may be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in T2DM
patients.
Clinical Spectrum of Adrenal Cushing’s Syndrome and the
Caution for Interpretation of Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone: A Single-Center
Experience
Authors: Gosavi Vikrant , Lila Anurag , Memon Saba Samad , Sarathi Vijaya , Thakkar Kunal , Dalvi Abhay , Malhotra Gaurav , Prakash Gagan , Patil Virendra , Shah Nalini S. , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo describe the differences in presentation, biochemistry, and radiological
evaluation of various etiologies of adrenal Cushing’s syndrome (CS) from
a single center. To emphasize caution for interpretation of plasma
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), as a spuriously unsuppressed ACTH level by
immunometric assay may lead to therapeutic misadventures in adrenal CS.
Design: Retrospective, single-center, observational study. Methods:  Fifty-eight
adrenal CS patients [Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), n=30; Adenoma
(ACA), n=15; Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD),
n=10; ACTH independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH),
n=3) evaluated at a tertiary care center in western India between
January 2006 to March 2020 were included. Data on demography, clinical
evaluation, biochemistry, imaging, management, histopathology, and outcome were
recorded in a standard format and analyzed. Results:  Cortisol secreting ACC
presented at 38(1–50) years with abdominal mass in 26/30
(86.7%) and 16/30 (53.3%) had metastases at
presentation. ACA with autonomous cortisol excess presented at
25(4.9–40) years with discriminating features of CS in 14/15
(93.3%), sex steroid production in 2/15, unenhanced HU
<10 in only one, and relative washout >40% in
8/11 (72.7%). One ACA and eight ACC patients had plasma ACTH (by
Siemens Immulite assay) > 20 pg/ml, despite
hypercortisolemic state. Conclusions:  Cortisol-secreting ACC and ACA most often
present with mass effects and florid CS, respectively. Baseline HU has low
sensitivity to differentiate cortisol-secreting ACA from ACC. Plasma ACTH
measured by Seimens Immulite is often unsuppressed, especially in ACC patients,
which can be addressed by measuring ACTH by more accurate assays.
On the (future) role of on-demand insurance: market landscape, business model and customer perception
Authors: Zeier Röschmann Angela , Erny Matthias , Wagner Joël 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, digitisation and individualisation have fostered the development of on-demand services in many industries. In the insurance sector, technological progress brings new possibilities on how risks can be insured. This paper studies on-demand insurance and thereby takes three perspectives. First, we define on-demand insurance and study the current market landscape of offerings, leading to a characterisation of the phenomenon. Second, we analyse the on-demand insurance business model, discuss how value is created, and develop a taxonomy of the dimensions among business model components. Third, we describe the awareness and interest of potential customers in Switzerland using novel data recorded from a recent consumer survey. Using the results from the market study, business model analysis, and customer survey, we discuss the (future) role of on-demand insurance, shedding light on the ongoing business model transformation in the insurance industry. We conclude that insurtech companies address emerging customer needs and that traditional incumbent insurers must innovate to keep their prominent role at the customer interface. While novelty and complementarity of on-demand insurance solutions bring value today, we expect that efficiency and customer retention will add more value in the future, especially once technology has matured and business model components are well-aligned.
Saying “goodbye” to the conundrum of leave-taking: a cross-disciplinary review
Authors: Baehren Lucy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLeave-taking behaviours habitually occur before separation from social interaction in most human societies. It is thought to be a human universal, providing ritual brackets around interaction. Despite Knapp’s claim that leave-taking can tell us a good deal about human interaction, the topic remains critically overlooked from an evolutionary perspective. Cross-species data on leave-taking would be key to unveiling its evolutionary history and its role in sociality, but studies focusing on non-human species are rare. Here, leave-taking is reviewed using an evolutionary approach, pitting it against its symmetrical counterpart, greeting, and emphasising the lacunae in research on leave-taking. It is argued that leave-taking is overdue for serious, empirical attention regarding the ways in which leave-taking could contribute to understanding social evolution. Finally, methods are outlined to operationalise the study of leave-taking and propose the use of “levels of separation” to allow comparison of human and non-human species and to expand research efforts.
Thermally activated intra-chain charge transport in high charge-carrier mobility copolymers
Authors: Dilmurat Rishat , Prodhan Suryoday , Wang Linjun , Beljonne David 
Published: February 2022

Disordered or even seemingly amorphous, donor–acceptor type, conjugated copolymers with high charge-carrier mobility have emerged as a new class of functional materials, where transport along the conjugated backbone is key. Here, we report on non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations of charge-carrier transport along chains of poly (indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole), within a model Hamiltonian parameterized against first-principles calculations. We predict thermally activated charge transport associated with a slightly twisted ground-state conformation, on par with experimental results. Our results also demonstrate that the energy mismatch between the hole on the donor vs the acceptor units of the copolymer drives localization of the charge carriers and limits the intra-chain charge-carrier mobility. We predict that room-temperature mobility values in excess of 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 can be achieved through proper chemical tuning of the component monomer units.
Non-invasive monitoring and reintroduction biology of the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (
Authors: Kleemann S. , Sandow D. , Stevens M. , Schultz D. J. , Taggart D. A. , Croxford A. 
Published: February 2022

Thirty-nine endangered brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) were reintroduced to Grampians National Park, western Victoria, between 2008 and 2012. Subsequent high mortality, low breeding, and no recruitment were linked to fox predation and physical disturbance during monitoring. From 2014 to 2017, the colony was left undisturbed and monitored only by remote camera. Five adult animals were identified across this period (1 ♂ and 3 ♀s – all tagged; and one untagged female), and an average of 0.7 pouch young were birthed per tagged female per year. In 2019, camera-monitoring and non-invasive genetic monitoring (faecal) were used to identify colony members, genetic diversity, and breeding. Camera monitoring in 2019 identified the same five individuals, whereas genetic monitoring using 12 microsatellites identified eight individuals (two male and six female genotypes). Genetic diversity within the colony was moderate (expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.655, observed heterozygosity (Ho) = 0.854). Leaving the colony undisturbed after 2013 correlated with improved adult survival, increased breeding, and successful recruitment of young to the population. Recommendations for the Grampians colony include continuation of regular camera- and scat monitoring to improve our understanding of the reintroduction biology of P. penicillata and other marsupials in open, unfenced landscapes.
Recently constructed hydropower dams were associated with reduced economic production, population, and greenness in nearby areas
Authors: Fan Peilei , Cho Myung Sik , Lin Zihan , Ouyang Zutao , Qi Jiaguo , Chen Jiquan , Moran Emilio F. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
This research provides a global-scale evaluation of the impact of dam construction by using a variety of global spatial databases. In particular, it provides insight into the impacts on economy, population, and greenness of 631 recently built hydropower dams by region and dam size. We discovered that 631 recently built hydropower dams were associated with reduced local economy, population, and greenness in areas within 50 km of the dam sites, particularly in the Global South. This is contrary to claims that dams improve the livelihoods of people as well as ecosystem services. The research highlights that policy interventions are needed to address impacts on populations and urban land near small and medium dams.
The influence of iodine on the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole
Authors: Cuevas Carlos A. , Fernandez Rafael P. , Kinnison Douglas E. , Li Qinyi , Lamarque Jean-François , Trabelsi Tarek , Francisco Joseph S. , Solomon Susan , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso 
Published: February 2022

Significance
The role of chlorine and bromine in Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion is well known. However, the contribution of iodine to the ozone hole chemistry has not been assessed, mainly due to the negligible amounts of iodine previously reported to enter the stratosphere. New measurements demonstrate that the injection of iodine to the lower stratosphere is higher than previously assumed. Based on these observations, our modeling work shows that iodine chemistry can enhance spring ozone loss at the lower part of the Antarctic ozone hole, and even dominate the halogen-mediated ozone loss during summer. Iodine can also alter, by several days, the timing of the seasonal formation and closure of the ozone hole.
Differential interferon-α subtype induced immune signatures are associated with suppression of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Schuhenn Jonas , Meister Toni Luise , Todt Daniel , Bracht Thilo , Schork Karin , Billaud Jean-Noel , Elsner Carina , Heinen Natalie , Karakoese Zehra , Haid Sibylle , Kumar Sriram , Brunotte Linda , Eisenacher Martin , Di Yunyun , Lew Jocelyne , Falzarano Darryl , Chen Jieliang , Yuan Zhenghong , Pietschmann Thomas , Wiegmann Bettina , Uebner Hendrik , Taube Christian , Le-Trilling Vu Thuy Khanh , Trilling Mirko , Krawczyk Adalbert , Ludwig Stephan , Sitek Barbara , Steinmann Eike , Dittmer Ulf , Lavender Kerry J. , Sutter Kathrin , Pfaender Stephanie 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Type I interferons (IFN-I) exhibit various biological effects during viral infections, and they have been successfully used for clinical treatment of viral diseases. Humans express 12 IFNα subtypes, which strongly differ in their antiviral responses against different viruses. Here we analyzed the antiviral activity of all human IFNα subtypes against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to identify the underlying immune signatures and explore their therapeutic potential. Our data provide a systemic pattern of antiviral host effector responses mediated by high antiviral IFN-I, which could help to identify key cellular effectors targeted in novel therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A complete description of thermodynamic stabilities of molecular crystals
Authors: Kapil Venkat , Engel Edgar A. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Predicting stable polymorphs of molecular crystals remains one of the grand challenges of computational science. Current methods invoke approximations to electronic structure and statistical mechanics and thus fail to consistently reproduce the delicate balance of physical effects determining thermodynamic stability. We compute the rigorous ab initio Gibbs free energies for competing polymorphs of paradigmatic compounds, using machine learning to mitigate costs. The accurate description of electronic structure and full treatment of quantum statistical mechanics allow us to predict the experimentally observed phase behavior. This constitutes a key step toward the first-principles design of functional materials for applications from photovoltaics to pharmaceuticals.
Comparing the reliability and predictive power of child, teacher, and guardian reports of noncognitive skills
Authors: Feng Shuaizhang , Han Yujie , Heckman James J. , Kautz Tim 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Recent evidence has shown that noncognitive or socioemotional skills (e.g., persistence and self-control) are predictive of success in life and can be shaped through interventions. Accordingly, policy makers and researchers have increasingly measured children’s noncognitive skills, typically relying on surveys in which children rate their own skills or adults rate the skills of children. Such ratings are often collected from multiple respondent types. This study demonstrates that, compared with child and guardian reports of noncognitive skills, teacher reports are more predictive of children’s cognitive and behavioral outcomes in school. Child and guardian reports add minimal predictive power beyond teacher reports. These findings suggest that policy makers and researchers should prioritize teacher reports above those of children and guardians.
Autoreactive antibodies control blood glucose by regulating insulin homeostasis
Authors: Amendt Timm , Allies Gabriele , Nicolò Antonella , El Ayoubi Omar , Young Marc , Röszer Tamás , Setz Corinna S. , Warnatz Klaus , Jumaa Hassan 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceThe random nature of antibody repertoire generation includes the potential of producing autoantibodies recognizing self-structures. It is believed that establishing immunological tolerance and prevention of autoimmune diseases require the removal of antibody specificities recognizing self. Using insulin as a common and physiologically important autoantigen, we show that anti-insulin antibodies associated with autoimmune diabetes can readily be detected in mice and humans and are involved in the physiological regulation of blood glucose levels. Importantly, human high-affinity, anti-insulin IgM antibodies protect insulin from autoimmune degradation by anti-insulin IgG antibodies. Thus, in contrast to the proposed negative selection, self-recognition and the production of highly autoreactive IgM antibodies are important for tolerance induction.
Metabolomic selection for enhanced fruit flavor
Authors: Colantonio Vincent , Ferrão Luis Felipe V. , Tieman Denise M. , Bliznyuk Nikolay , Sims Charles , Klee Harry J. , Munoz Patricio , Resende Marcio F. R. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Consumers often regard heirloom fruit varieties grown in the garden as more flavorful than commercial varieties purchased at the grocery store. While plant breeders have historically focused on improving producer-orientated traits such as yield, consumer-oriented traits such as flavor have regularly been neglected. This is, in part, due to the difficulty associated with measuring the sensory perceptions of flavor. Here, we combine fruit chemical and consumer sensory panel information to train machine learning models that can predict how flavorful a fruit will be from its chemistry. By increasing the throughput of flavor evaluations, these models will help plant breeders to integrate flavor earlier in the breeding pipeline and aid in the design of varieties with exceptional flavor profiles.
Middle Eastern and North African Americans may not be perceived, nor perceive themselves, to be White
Authors: Maghbouleh Neda , Schachter Ariela , Flores René D. 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceThe US government’s classification of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) Americans as White means there is no direct way to numerically count members of this group in official statistics. Therefore, any potential disparities and inequalities faced by MENA Americans remain hidden. Nevertheless, we find that MENA Americans may not be perceived, nor perceive themselves, to be White. These findings underscore the minoritized status of MENA Americans and support the inclusion of a new MENA identity category in the US Census. This would allow researchers to examine the social, economic, and health status of this growing population and empower community advocates to ameliorate existing inequalities.
A minimal cage of a diamond twin with chirality
Authors: Fukunaga Toshiya M. , Kato Takahide , Ikemoto Koki , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Diamonds enchant people with their beauty, which has also been defined by mathematics. The existence of strong isotropy with maximal symmetry in carbon networks has been mathematically disclosed, which has led to a proposal of a diamond twin. Unlike tetrahedral vertices of the diamond, trigonal vertices of the diamond twin achieve strong isotropy, notably, with chirality. In the diamond twin, 14 trigonal vertices are connected by 15 edges to form a minimal cage. Although the diamond-twin network indeed had a four-decade history in theory, it remained imaginary in reality due to its inevitable instability of the minimal cage. In this paper, the carbonaceous minimal cage of the diamond twin has been synthesized, which reveals unique structural features including helical chirality.
Structural mechanism of allosteric activation of TRPML1 by PI(3,5)P2and rapamycin
Authors: Gan Ninghai , Han Yan , Zeng Weizhong , Wang Yan , Xue Jing , Jiang Youxing 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceRapamycin is a specific inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Rapamycin can also activate transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1), a phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]–gated lysosomal cation channel whose loss-of-function mutations directly cause mucolipidosis type IV disease. We determined the high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy structures of TRPML1 in various ligand-bound states, including the open TRPML1 in complex with PI(3,5)P2and a rapamycin analog at 2.1 Å. These structures reveal how rapamycin and PI(3,5)P2bind at two distinct sites and allosterically activate the channel. Considering the high potency of TRPML1 activation by rapamycin and PI(3,5)P2, it is conceivable that some pharmacological effects from the therapeutic use of rapamycin may come from the TRPML1-dependent mechanism rather than mTOR inhibition.
Plant immunity: Rice XA21-mediated resistance to bacterial infection
Authors: Ercoli María Florencia , Luu Dee Dee , Rim Ellen Youngsoo , Shigenaga Alexandra , Teixeira de Araujo Artur , Chern Mawsheng , Jain Rashmi , Ruan Randy , Joe Anna , Stewart Valley , Ronald Pamela 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceThe mechanisms plants employ to resist infection were unknown until just a few decades ago. We now understand that plants utilize diverse classes of immune receptors to recognize and respond to pathogenic microbes and pests. This paper describes the development of the plant immunity field, from early studies on the genetics of disease resistance to our increasing knowledge of how plant receptors interact with their microbial ligands, with an emphasis on the rice immune receptor XA21 and its bacterial ligand.