bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Li3As and Li3P revisited: DFT modelling on phase stability and ion conductivity
Authors: Wegner Florian , Kamm Franziska , Pielnhofer Florian , Pfitzner Arno 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhase pure Li3As and Li3P were synthesized from the elements by a high temperature route. Crystal structures were refined from powder X‐ray diffraction data. The title compounds were further characterized by difference thermal analysis, temperature dependent X‐ray powder diffraction and impedance spectroscopy, proving unexpected Li ion conductivity for Li3As. High pressure behaviour of the title compounds was modeled via density functional theory, confirming the experimentally reported cubic modifications of Li3P and Li3As.
Early-Career Academics’ Transnational Moves: The Gendered Role of Vertical Social Ties in Obtaining Academic Positions Abroad
Authors: Schaer Martine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMoving across borders to take up academic positions is one form of occupational mobility (or migration), one that is often presented as constitutive of an academic career. Drawing on biographical and qualitative egocentric network interviews with early-career academics working in Switzerland and the United States, this chapter shows that the transnational career moves of young scholars are embedded in social relationships in subtle ways. The analysis reveals that it is mainly one type of social tie that is important: vertical ties with higher-status academics. But the support these ties provide varies according to discreet and inconspicuous gendered mechanisms in which institutional resources also play a role. On the one hand, traces of strong male support networks persist in obtaining transnational academic positions. On the other, the digitalisation of academic labour-markets, fellowship schemes, and dual-career support make it possible to advance in one’s academic career while relegating vertical ties to a secondary role.
Formular komplexer Form
Authors: Baecker Dirk 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungFormulare sind von einer Ordnung bereitgestellte und im Rahmen dieser Ordnung verwaltete Texte mit Lücken, die von individuellen Fällen ausgefüllt werden, die von dieser Ordnung gesucht werden oder diese Ordnung in Anspruch nehmen. Formulare sind somit Metaphern, die Sachverhalte in Sachverhalte übersetzen. Auch diese Definition des Formulars ist bereits ein Formular, das eine Ordnung herstellt, die von einzelnen Formularen mehr oder minder genau erfüllt wird.
Pour copie conforme. Formulare der optischen Telegraphie im frühen 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Hauber Konrad 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungKeine Telekommunikation ohne Formular. Daran erinnern tagtäglich jene Interfaces, die selbst dann, wenn sie als unauffällige Kommunikationsschnittstellen in die digitale Umwelt eingelassen sind, ihren Schreibflächen- und Textfeldcharakter nicht abstreifen können (vgl. Bratton 2015; Galloway 2012; Hookway 2014). Das Formular als Bereitstellung von Schreibflächen war bereits ein Grundbaustein der frühesten Telekommunikationsmedien. Dort, wo Kommunikation nicht mehr auf der Interaktion räumlicher Anwesenheit basierte, wurden Nachrichten nun in Textfeldern eingeschrieben.
Analytik des Dienstes. Die Formularisierung des Lebens in Personaltabellen (ca. 1780)
Authors: Strunz Stephan 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag verfolgt die Spur des tabellarischen Lebenslaufs in das Preußendes ausgehenden 18. Jahrhunderts zurück. Dort begann die reformierte preußischeVerwaltung, damit, das Leben ihrer Beamten in Personalverzeichnissen zu systematisiereen. Das proto-formularische Projekt eines durch Fragebögen abgefragtenPersonalverzeichnisses zeigt, dass in Preußen bereits früh analytische Kategorien auf die Entität „Leben“ angewendet wurden. Die Analyse des Lebens erfolgte entsprechend einzelner Dienst- und Lebensdaten, die in ein tabellarisch angelegtesFormular übertragen wurden. Mit dem durch das Formular erzwungenen analytischen Schema wurde der Dienst der Beamten neu perspektiviert. Die kontinuierliche Geschichte einer bestimmten Biographie machte einem ent-narrativierten Darstellungsverfahren Platz. Dieses Verfahren dividierte die Kohärenz der Lebenszeit auseinander und zerlegte den Beamten in ein Bündel diskreter Fähigkeiten, Erfahrungen und Prüfungen. Letztlich ging es um die administrative Bearbeitbarkeit des Lebensverlaufs, mit der Vorgesetztefortan rechnen konnten.
Jenseits einer »bloßen Formulariensammlung«. Das Disziplinarverfahren nach der Dienstpragmatik 1914 und seine Umsetzung
Authors: Garstenauer Therese 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungAls mit der Dienstpragmatik von 1914 die cisleithanischen Staatsbediensteten auch eine geregelte Disziplinarordnung erhielten, war diese Materie und deren Umsetzung für die damit befassten Beamten neu und gerade für Nichtjuristen oft überfordernd. Begleitende Literatur, etwa die Arbeiten des Verwaltungsrechtsexperten Anton Graf Pace oder des Staatsanwalts Alfons Langer, sollte Abhilfe schaffen und teilweise mithilfe von Formularen und Textbeispielen die Arbeit der Disziplinarkommissionen erleichtern. Formulare figurieren hier überwiegend in ihrer internen Funktion für die Verwaltung, vergleichbar jener eines Fließbands, das die Verwaltungsabläufe effizienter gestalten soll. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden Disziplinarverfahren des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts und im Zusammenhang damit entstandene Quellen auf ihre mehr oder weniger formularförmigen Teile hin untersucht. Deutlich sichtbar wird der Kontrast zwischen dem geregelten Verfahren einerseits und der teils überbordenden Realität des Disziplinarvergehens und dessen Dingfestmachung und Ahndung andererseits.
Bosonic η-deformations of non-integrable backgrounds
Authors: Rado Laura , Rivelles Victor O. , Sánchez Renato 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We consider the non-integrable bosonic backgrounds W2,4× T1,1 and AdS5× T1,1 and derive their bosonic η-deformed versions using an r-matrix that solves the modified Yang-Baxter equation obtaining new integrable deformed backgrounds.
Index-like theorem for massless fermions in spherically symmetric monopole backgrounds
Authors: Brennan T. Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper we study massless fermions coupled to spherically symmetric SU(N) monopoles without Yukawa couplings between the Higgs and fermion fields. The corresponding Dirac operator is not Fredholm and the associated eigenfunctions are not L2-normalizable. Here we derive a formula for the dimension of the plane-wave normalizable kernel of such a Dirac operator for fermions of any representation of SU(N) in the presence of any spherically symmetric monopole background. Notably, our results also apply to fermions coupled to monopoles that preserve non-abelian gauge symmetry.
Boundary Integral Operators for the Heat Equation in Time-Dependent Domains
Authors: Brügger Rahel , Harbrecht Helmut , Tausch Johannes 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article provides a functional analytical framework for boundary integral equations of the heat equation in time-dependent domains. More specifically, we consider a non-cylindrical domain in space-time that is the $$C^2$$

C
2

-diffeomorphic image of a cylinder, i.e., the tensor product of a time interval and a fixed domain in space. On the non-cylindrical domain, we introduce Sobolev spaces, trace lemmata and provide the mapping properties of the layer operators. Here it is critical that the Neumann trace requires a correction term for the normal velocity of the moving boundary. Therefore, one has to analyze the situation carefully.
Global Well Posedness for a Q-tensor Model of Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Murata Miho , Shibata Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the global well posedness and the decay estimates for a $${\mathbb {Q}}$$
Q
-tensor model of nematic liquid crystals in $$\mathbb {R}^N$$

R

N

, $$N \ge 3$$

N
≥
3

. This system is a coupled system by the Navier–Stokes equations with a parabolic-type equation describing the evolution of the director fields $${\mathbb {Q}}$$
Q
. The proof is based on the maximal $$L_p$$

L
p

–$$L_q$$

L
q

regularity and the $$L_p$$

L
p

–$$L_q$$

L
q

decay estimates to the linearized problem.
Organbezogene Folgeerscheinungen von COVID‑19 bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Hennigs Jan K. , Oqueka Tim , Harbaum Lars , Klose Hans 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungOrganbezogene Folgeerscheinungen nach COVID-19 sind häufig und vielgestaltig. Ab 4 Wochen nach Akutinfektion mit SARS-CoV‑2 werden sie unter dem Begriff „Long-COVID“ zusammengefasst.Nach schweren Akutverläufen treten organbezogene Folgeerscheinungen häufiger auf. Dauer und Intensität variieren jedoch interindividuell stark. Die SARS-CoV-2-Spezifität der Folgeerscheinungen ist ebenfalls weiter unklar. Während sich in der Frühphase nach schweren Verläufen zumeist pulmonale Folgeerscheinungen einstellen, müssen diese nicht auf die Lunge begrenzt bleiben, sondern können prinzipiell jedes Organ betreffen. Die adäquate Diagnostik von COVID-19-Folgeerscheinungen stellt daher eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung dar. Auch die Therapie richtet sich nach Art, Umfang und Ursache der jeweiligen Folgeerscheinung. Allgemeinmedikamentöse oder zielgerichtete Therapieoptionen gegen Long-COVID bestehen bisher nicht.Im vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel berichten wir über Häufigkeit, Dauer, Spezifität sowie Art und Umfang organspezifischer COVID-19-Folgeerscheinungen und geben einen Überblick über diagnostisches und therapeutisches Vorgehen (mit Datenstand November 2021).
Perspectives for integrated insect pest protection in oilseed rape breeding
Authors: Obermeier Christian , Mason Annaliese S. , Meiners Torsten , Petschenka Georg , Rostás Michael , Will Torsten , Wittkop Benjamin , Austel Nadine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the past, breeding for incorporation of insect pest resistance or tolerance into cultivars for use in integrated pest management schemes in oilseed rape/canola (Brassica napus) production has hardly ever been approached. This has been largely due to the broad availability of insecticides and the complexity of dealing with high-throughput phenotyping of insect performance and plant damage parameters. However, recent changes in the political framework in many countries demand future sustainable crop protection which makes breeding approaches for crop protection as a measure for pest insect control attractive again. At the same time, new camera-based tracking technologies, new knowledge-based genomic technologies and new scientific insights into the ecology of insect–Brassica interactions are becoming available. Here we discuss and prioritise promising breeding strategies and direct and indirect breeding targets, and their time-perspective for future realisation in integrated insect pest protection of oilseed rape. In conclusion, researchers and oilseed rape breeders can nowadays benefit from an array of new technologies which in combination will accelerate the development of improved oilseed rape cultivars with multiple insect pest resistances/tolerances in the near future.
Incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes after Covid-19
Authors: Rathmann Wolfgang , Kuss Oliver , Kostev Karel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this work was to investigate diabetes incidence after infection with coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19). Individuals with acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURI), which are frequently caused by viruses, were selected as a non-exposed control group.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of the Disease Analyzer, which comprises a representative panel of 1171 physicians’ practices throughout Germany (March 2020 to January 2021: 8.8 million patients). Newly diagnosed diabetes was defined based on ICD-10 codes (type 2 diabetes: E11; other forms of diabetes: E12–E14) during follow-up until July 2021 (median for Covid-19, 119 days; median for AURI 161 days). Propensity score matching (1:1) for sex, age, health insurance, index month for Covid-19/AURI and comorbidity (obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, myocardial infarction, stroke) was performed. Individuals using corticosteroids within 30 days after the index dates were excluded. Poisson regression models were fitted to obtain incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for diabetes.

Results
There were 35,865 individuals with documented Covid-19 in the study period. After propensity score matching, demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in 35,865 AURI controls (mean age 43 years; 46% female). Individuals with Covid-19 showed an increased type 2 diabetes incidence compared with AURI (15.8 vs 12.3 per 1000 person-years). Using marginal models to account for correlation of observations within matched pairs, an IRR for type 2 diabetes of 1.28 (95% CI 1.05, 1.57) was estimated. The IRR was not increased for other forms of diabetes.

Conclusions/interpretation
Covid-19 confers an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. If confirmed, these results support the active monitoring of glucose dysregulation after recovery from mild forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Graphical abstract
Separating facts and evaluation: motivation, account, and learnings from a novel approach to evaluating the human impacts of machine learning
Authors: Jenkins Ryan , Hammond Kristian , Spurlock Sarah , Gilpin Leilani 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we outline a new method for evaluating the human impact of machine-learning (ML) applications. In partnership with Underwriters Laboratories Inc., we have developed a framework to evaluate the impacts of a particular use of machine learning that is based on the goals and values of the domain in which that application is deployed. By examining the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in particular domains, such as journalism, criminal justice, or law, we can develop more nuanced and practically relevant understandings of key ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence. By decoupling the extraction of the facts of the matter from the evaluation of the impact of the resulting systems, we create a framework for the process of assessing impact that has two distinctly different phases.
“I’m afraid I can’t let you do that, Doctor”: meaningful disagreements with AI in medical contexts
Authors: Kempt Hendrik , Heilinger Jan-Christoph , Nagel Saskia K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the role and resolution of disagreements between physicians and their diagnostic AI-based decision support systems (DSS). With an ever-growing number of applications for these independently operating diagnostic tools, it becomes less and less clear what a physician ought to do in case their diagnosis is in faultless conflict with the results of the DSS. The consequences of such uncertainty can ultimately lead to effects detrimental to the intended purpose of such machines, e.g. by shifting the burden of proof towards a physician. Thus, we require normative clarity for integrating these machines without affecting established, trusted, and relied upon workflows. In reconstructing different causes of conflicts between physicians and their AI-based tools—inspired by the approach of “meaningful human control” over autonomous systems and the challenges to resolve them—we will delineate normative conditions for “meaningful disagreements”. These incorporate the potential of DSS to take on more tasks and outline how the moral responsibility of a physician can be preserved in an increasingly automated clinical work environment.
Welding procedure qualification record (WPQR) for welds fabricated at proximity
Authors: Bhardwaj Sachin , Ratnayake R. M. Chandima 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaintaining the minimum allowable distance between proximity welds has always been considered a subject of debate among design engineers, welding engineers/inspectors and fabricators/engineering contractors. The scattered nature of guidelines available in welding codes and standards for maintaining the minimum allowable distance poses a significant challenge in the welding procedure and inspection criteria development process. This is especially critical for complex welded joints on submerged sections of offshore structures, in compact layouts/branched connections of topside piping components, and on topside structural joints (depending on the complexity). This manuscript presents the findings of an experimental study that was performed by fabricating two girth welds at proximity on an S355 steel tubular section with diameter of 219.1 mm and thickness of 8.18 mm. Proximity girth welds were fabricated on S355 tubular sections at three different distances between their weld toes, 5, 10, and 15 mm, respectively, using two different welding procedures. Welding procedure qualification record (WPQR) was performed, and all prescribed mechanical tests were recorded as per NORSOK M-101, a structural steel fabrication code. Although all results from the mechanical test met the minimum specified values as defined in the NORSOK code, the research findings revealed a noticeable difference in Charpy and hardness values for proximity region between adjacent welds. Considerable changes in final microstructure morphology were observed between proximity welds due to varying thermal cycles. These observations can form the basis for the future welding procedure qualification of critical welded joints, especially for proximity welds on critical welded joints of offshore structures and welds fabricated during replacement/repair procedures in compact piping layouts.
Diuretics: a contemporary pharmacological classification?
Authors: Kehrenberg Miriam C. A. , Bachmann Hagen S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiuretics are drugs that increase the flow of urine. They are commonly used to treat edema, hypertension, and heart failure. Typically, the pharmacological group consists of five classes: thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, osmotic diuretics, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. This traditional classification and the nomenclature of diuretics have not changed over the last decades, which means that it was not adapted to current pharmacological research. Modern approaches in the field of pharmacological nomenclature suggest the introduction of mechanism-based drug class designations, which is not yet reflected in the group of diuretics. Moreover, included drug classes have lost their relevance as diuretic agents. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, for example, are mainly used in the treatment of glaucoma. Newer agents such as vasopressin-2 receptor antagonists or SGLT2 inhibitors possess diuretic properties but are not included in the pharmacological group. This review discusses the currentness of the pharmacological classification of diuretics. We elaborate changes in the field of nomenclature, the contemporary medical use of classical diuretics, and new diuretic agents.
Implants Versus Lipograft: Analysis of Long-Term Results Following Congenital Breast Asymmetry Correction
Authors: Brébant Vanessa , Weiherer Maximilian , Noisser Vivien , Seitz Stephan , Prantl Lukas , Eigenberger Andreas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims
Congenital breast asymmetry represents a particular challenge to the classic techniques of plastic surgery given the young age of patients at presentation. This study reviews and compares the long-term results of traditional breast augmentation using silicone implants and the more innovative technique of lipografting.

Methods
To achieve this, we not only captured subjective parameters such as satisfaction with outcome and symmetry, but also objective parameters including breast volume and anthropometric measurements. The objective examination was performed manually and by using the Vectra® H2 photogrammetry scanning system.

Results
Differences between patients undergoing either implant augmentation or lipograft were revealed not to be significant with respect to patient satisfaction with surgical outcome (p = 0.55) and symmetry (p = 0.69). Furthermore, a breast symmetry of 93 % was reported in both groups. Likewise, no statistically significant volume difference between the left and right breasts was observed in both groups (p < 0.41). However, lipograft patients needed on average 2.9 procedures to achieve the desired result, compared with 1.3 for implant augmentation. In contrast, patients treated with implant augmentation may require a number of implant changes during their lifetime.

Conclusion
Both methods may be considered for patients presenting with congenital breast asymmetry.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Dabigatran versus vitamin K antagonists for atrial fibrillation in clinical practice: final outcomes from Phase III of the GLORIA-AF registry
Authors: Huisman Menno V. , Teutsch Christine , Lu Shihai , Diener Hans-Christoph , Dubner Sergio J. , Halperin Jonathan L. , Ma Chang-Sheng , Rothman Kenneth J. , Lohmann Ragna , Gurusamy Venkatesh Kumar , Bartels Dorothee B. , Lip Gregory Y. H. ,   for the GLORIA-AF Investigators
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Prospectively collected, routine clinical practice-based data on antithrombotic therapy in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients are important for assessing real-world comparative outcomes. The objective was to compare the safety and effectiveness of dabigatran versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with newly diagnosed AF.

Methods and results
GLORIA-AF is a large, prospective, global registry program. Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AF and CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≥ 1 were included and followed for 3 years. To control for differences in patient characteristics, the comparative analysis for dabigatran versus VKA was performed on a propensity score (PS)-matched patient set. Missing data were multiply imputed. Proportional-hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes of interest. Between 2014 and 2016, 21,300 eligible patients were included worldwide: 3839 patients were prescribed dabigatran and 4836 VKA with a median age of 71.0 and 72.0 years, respectively; > 85% in each group had a CHA2DS2-VASc-score ≥ 2. The PS-matched comparative analysis for dabigatran and VKA included on average 3326 pairs of matched initiators. For dabigatran versus VKAs, adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) were: stroke 0.89 (0.59–1.34), major bleeding 0.61 (0.42–0.88), all-cause death 0.78 (0.63–0.97), and myocardial infarction 0.89 (0.53–1.48). Further analyses stratified by PS and region provided similar results.

Conclusions
Dabigatran was associated with a 39% reduced risk of major bleeding and 22% reduced risk for all-cause death compared with VKA. Stroke and myocardial infarction risks were similar, confirming a more favorable benefit-risk profile for dabigatran compared with VKA in clinical practice.
Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov. NCT01468701, NCT01671007.

Graphical abstract