bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do environmental regulations influence resource misallocation in China? The role of investment flows
Authors: Li Xinze , Wang Luojia , Du Kerui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the Chinese government has implemented numerous regulations to address environmental deterioration. Several studies have examined the effect of environmental regulation policies on China's economic performance. However, whether environmental regulations can alleviate China's resource misallocation problem—a critical issue in transitional economies—remains unclear. This study fills this gap in the literature by employing the difference‐in‐differences method to examine how environmental regulations affect resource misallocation. We found that stringent environmental regulations have reduced the extent of resource misallocation in China, with resource reallocation being the driving force behind this improvement. The emission reduction mandate reduces investment inflows and hinders firms' entry into regions with low total factor productivity, while directing the flow of resources to highly productive areas.
Pancreatic cancer: Cutaneous metastases, clinical descriptors and outcomes
Authors: Gu Lilly , Mehta Paras P. , Rao Devika , Rotemberg Veronica , Capanu Marinela , Chou Joanne , Lin Sabrina , Sigel Carlie S. , Busam Klaus J. , Boyce Lindsay , Gordon Allison , O'Reilly Eileen M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous metastases in pancreatic cancer (PC) are rare. Herein, we evaluate the clinical, genomic, and other descriptors of patients with PC and cutaneous metastases.MethodsInstitutional databases were queried, and clinical history, demographics, PC cutaneous metastasis details, and overall survival (OS) from cutaneous metastasis diagnosis were abstracted. OS was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods.ResultsForty patients were identified, and median age (Q1–Q3, IQR) of PC diagnosis was 66.0 (59.3–72.3, 12.9) years. Most patients had Stage IV disease at diagnosis (n = 26, 65%). The most common location of the primary tumor was the tail of the pancreas (n = 17, 43%). The most common cutaneous metastasis site was the abdomen (n = 31, 78%), with umbilical lesions occurring in 74% (n = 23) of abdominal lesions. The median OS (95% CI) was 11.4 months (7.0, 20.4). Twenty‐three patients had umbilical metastases (58%), and 17 patients had non‐umbilical metastases (43%). The median OS (95% CI) was 13.7 (7.0, 28.7) months in patients with umbilical metastases and 8.9 (4.1, Not reached) months in patients with non‐umbilical metastases (p = 0.1). Sixteen of 40 (40%) patients underwent somatic testing, and findings were consistent with known profiles. Germline testing in 12 (30%) patients identified pathogenic variants in patients: CHEK2, BRCA1, and ATM.ConclusionCutaneous metastases from PC most frequently arise from a pancreas tail primary site and most frequently occur in the umbilicus. Cutaneous metastases may generally be categorized as umbilical or non‐umbilical metastases.
Case report of anesthesia for free fibula flap reconstruction in Ewing sarcoma: Safety and efficacy of continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block and very low doses of intravenous heparin
Authors: Di Palma Alessandra , Grassi Federica , Cantatore Lea Pia , Tortora Francesca , Grussu Francesca , Zama Mario , Picardo Sergio Giuseppe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA child with a maxillary Ewing sarcoma was operated for tumor asportation and reconstruction with free fibula flap. Adequate anticoagulation was achieved with lower doses of heparin and monitored with multiple ACT values. We used NIRS monitoring to avoid hypoperfusion. Post‐operative pain relief was guarantited by local anestethic continous infusion.
Anal metastasis of sigmoid colon cancer
Authors: Yamada Takayuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 73‐year‐old man underwent a stage‐Ⅱ sigmoid colon cancer resection. He was carefully monitored, and metastasis or anastomotic recurrence was noted 51 months later. The anal examination revealed a firm pink anal tumor, histologically identified as a metastasis of the colon adenocarcinoma.
Sputnik‐V vaccine‐induced panniculitis as a local reactions
Authors: Sahraei Zahra , Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Saffaei Ali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHere, a case of Sputnik‐V vaccine‐induced panniculitis was reported. The patient developed erythema, induration, and local tenderness at the injection site after 13 days of the injection. Ultra‐sonography imaging showed inflammation in subcutaneous layers including fat tissue compatible with panniculitis. She received ibuprofen and warm compress, and all symptoms resolved.
New Insights of Carbon Catabolite Repression and Kinetics Modeling for the Growth of Thermomyces lanuginosus
Authors: Suryawanshi Nisha , Seenivasan Ayothiraman , Jujjawarapu Satya Eswari 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbon catabolite repression (CCR) gives microorganisms a pattern of utilization of nutrients present in the medium. This study comprises the comparison of the utilization pattern of added sugars by thermophilic fungi, i.e., Thermomyces lanuginosus, where the multiple sugars are given in higher concentration and minimum concentration. As a result, fungi utilize multiple sugars simultaneously when sugars were provided in very low concentration. In contrast, the fungi employed various sugars preferentially based on ease of availability when sugars were provided with higher concentrations. Kinetics modeling for growth and substrate consumption was also applied.
Equilibrium properties and crystal growth of D2O + cyclopentane hydrate for sustainable tritium separation
Authors: Maruyama Meku , Ohmura Ryo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study reports thermodynamic properties and crystal growth observations of D2O + cyclopentane hydrate toward the development of a hydrate‐based tritium separation process. We employed D2O as a host of hydrate with respect to the investigation into the formation of D2O hydrate substrate, which is a core component of the tritium separation process. The hydrate phase equilibrium temperature in the liquid D2O + liquid cyclopentane system was 3.2°C higher than the corresponding H2O hydrate. Experiments on crystal growth were conducted at temperatures ranging from 5.1 to 8.5°C under atmospheric pressure. Under each thermodynamic condition, polygonal hydrate crystals appeared, growing along the D2O/cyclopentane interface. The geometric shape and size of the crystals varied depending on the temperature. The variation in crystal morphology was comparable to that of the H2O + cyclopentane hydrate. Implications based on the obtained results for the hydrate‐based isotopic water separation process design are discussed.
A PDE Approach to the Prediction of a Binary Sequence with Advice from Two History‐Dependent Experts
Authors: Drenska Nadejda , Kohn Robert V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe prediction of a binary sequence is a classic example of online machine learning. We like to call it the “stock prediction problem,” viewing the sequence as the price history of a stock that goes up or down one unit at each time step. In this problem, an investor has access to the predictions of two or more “experts,” and strives to minimize her final‐time regret with respect to the best‐performing expert. Probability plays no role; rather, the market is assumed to be adversarial. We consider the case when there are two history‐dependent experts, whose predictions are determined by the d most recent stock moves. Focusing on an appropriate continuum limit and using methods from optimal control, graph theory, and partial differential equations, we discuss strategies for the investor and the adversarial market, and we determine associated upper and lower bounds for the investor's final‐time regret. When d ≤ 4 our upper and lower bounds coalesce, so the proposed strategies are asymptotically optimal. Compared to other recent applications of partial differential equations to prediction, ours has a new element: there are two timescales, since the recent history changes at every step whereas regret accumulates more slowly. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Understanding the Deactivating/Activating Mechanisms in Three Optical Chemosensors Based on Crown Ether with Na+/K+ Selectivity Using Quantum Chemical Tools
Authors: Treto‐Suárez Manuel A. , Schott Eduardo , Ulecia Karel Mena , Koivisto Bryan D. , Hidalgo‐Rosa Yoan , Páez‐Hernández Dayán , Zarate Ximena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe optical properties and transduction mechanisms in three reported optical chemosensors based on crown ether with selectivity turn‐on luminescence toward Na+ over K+, were investigated using Density Functional Theory/Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory (DFT/TD‐DFT). The analysis of the structural stability of the conformers enables us to understand the optical properties of the sensors and their selectivity toward Na+. The UV‐Vis absorption and the radiative channels of the adiabatic S1 excited state were assessed. In these reported sensors, the Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) from the nitrogen and the oxygen (O‐atoms of the substituted N‐phenylaza group) lone pairs to fluorophore groups lead to a nonradiative deactivation process in the fluorophore to p‐conjugated anilino‐1,2,3‐triazol ionophore. This Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) deactivation produced the luminescence quenching in the free sensors and K+/C1 complexes. The Na+/sensor interaction produced a Chelation Enhanced Fluorescence (CHEF) due to the inhibition of the PET and ICT, which was confirmed via the calculated oscillator strength of the emission process. The K+/sensor interaction displayed the possibility of PET in C3; however, this fact was inconclusive to affirm the quenching of luminescence, the CHEF in C2 and C3 and the selectivity toward Na+ over K+ in these systems. For this reason, simulation of the absorption and emissions spectra (calculated oscillator strength), calculation of the kinetic parameters (in charge transfers and radiative deactivations process), analysis of the metal‐ligand interaction character, and the analysis of the structural stability of the conformers were determinant factors to understand the selectivity and the optical properties of these chemosensors. The results suggest that these theoretical tools can also be used to predict the optical properties and Na+/K+ selectivity of optical chemosensors.
An exceptionally rare case of metastatic high‐grade urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis to the pancreas diagnosed on endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Koyuncuer Ali , Sayar Süleyman , Zemheri Itır Ebru , Özdil Kamil , Özçelik Melike 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetastases to the pancreas are rare and can be confused with the primary adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Metastasis of renal pelvis urothelial carcinomas to the pancreas are extremely rare. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) biopsy is a very safe and effective diagnostic method. In this study, we present a 65‐year‐old male patient with a solitary mass in the pancreas. A moderate cellular tumoral lesion was observed in the aspiration cytology performed from the 55‐millimeter solid mass invading the head of the pancreas via EUS‐FNA. Tumor cells consisted of cells with irregular borders, different shapes and sizes, hyperchromatic, narrow cytoplasm with dark nuclei, and cells with anisonucleosis in focal areas. Cellblock obtained from aspirated was found diffusely positive with high molecular weight cytokeratin, Thrombomodulin, p63, GATA‐3, and CK7, and negative with CK20, PAX8, and PSA. Having a primary malignancy in the medical history of the patients is very important in the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary pancreatic cancers. The potential for metastasectomy in pancreatic metastases can be applied in cases with isolated metastatic disease. Primary tumor histopathology may have an impact on the long‐term survival of the case. This study aimed to describe the cytomorphological features of solid and solitary pancreatic malignancies and to evaluate the role of immunohistochemistry performed from aspirate cell block in detecting the primary tumor origin.
Low aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio is a predictor of diabetes incidence in Japanese people: Population‐based Panasonic cohort study 5
Authors: Nakajima Hanako , Okada Hiroshi , Hamaguchi Masahide , Kurogi Kazushiro , Murata Hiroaki , Ito Masato , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to calculate the cut‐off values of liver enzymes to identify the risk of incident type 2 diabetes (DM) and to investigate the association between liver enzymes and incident DM in participants with or without obesity.Materials and MethodsThe long‐term cohort study included 70,688 subjects who underwent medical health checkups in 2008. The cut‐off values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the aminotransferase (AST)/ALT ratio for incident DM were evaluated using the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves. The risk of incident type 2 DM was examined according to cut‐off values of liver enzymes and the group with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 using Cox regression analyses.ResultsIn total, 4181 of 70,688 subjects developed DM within 10 years. The area under the curve and cut‐off values for the ALT and the AST/ALT ratio for incident type 2 DM at 10 years were 0.707 and 23 IU/L and 0.694 and 0.875, respectively. The risk of incident DM was higher in subjects with ALT ≥23 or AST/ALT ≤0.875 and BMI <25 kg/m2 than in those with ALT <23 IU/L or AST/ALT >0.875 and BMI ≥25 kg/m2, respectively.ConclusionsThe cut‐off values of ALT and the AST/ALT ratio associated with the risk of incident type 2 DM were determined. Non‐obese individuals with AST/ALT ≤0.875 had a higher risk of incident type 2 DM than obese individuals with AST/ALT >0.875.
A clinically‐relevant residue of POLR1D is required for Drosophila development
Authors: Palumbo Ryan J. , Belkevich Alana E. , Pascual Haleigh G. , Knutson Bruce A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPOLR1D is a subunit of RNA Polymerases I and III, which synthesize ribosomal RNAs. Dysregulation of these polymerases cause several types of diseases, including ribosomopathies. The craniofacial disorder Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) is a ribosomopathy caused by mutations in several subunits of RNA Polymerase I, including POLR1D. Here, we characterized the effect of a missense mutation in POLR1D and RNAi knockdown of POLR1D on Drosophila development.ResultsWe found that a missense mutation in Drosophila POLR1D (G30R) reduced larval rRNA levels, slowed larval growth, and arrested larval development. Remarkably, the G30R substitution is at an orthologous glycine in POLR1D that is mutated in a TCS patient (G52E). We showed that the G52E mutation in human POLR1D, and the comparable substitution (G30E) in Drosophila POLR1D, reduced their ability to heterodimerize with POLR1C in vitro. We also found that POLR1D is required early in the development of Drosophila neural cells. Furthermore, an RNAi screen revealed that POLR1D is also required for development of non‐neural Drosophila cells, suggesting the possibility of defects in other cell types.ConclusionsThese results establish a role for POLR1D in Drosophila development, and present Drosophila as an attractive model to evaluate the molecular defects of TCS mutations in POLR1D.
Differential effects of ecosystem engineering by the superb lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae and herbivory by large mammals on floristic regeneration and structure in wet eucalypt forests
Authors: Maisey Alex C. , Haslem Angie , Leonard Steven W. J. , Bennett Andrew F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEcosystem engineers that modify the soil and ground‐layer properties exert a strong influence on vegetation communities in ecosystems worldwide. Understanding the interactions between animal engineers and vegetation is challenging when in the presence of large herbivores, as many vegetation communities are simultaneously affected by both engineering and herbivory. The superb lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae, an ecosystem engineer in wet forests of south‐eastern Australia, extensively modifies litter and soil on the forest floor. The aim of this study was to disentangle the impacts of engineering by lyrebirds and herbivory by large mammals on the composition and structure of ground‐layer vegetation. We carried out a 2‐year, manipulative exclusion experiment in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia. We compared three treatments: fenced plots with simulated lyrebird foraging; fenced plots excluding herbivores and lyrebirds; and open controls. This design allowed assessment of the relative impacts of engineering and herbivory on germination rates, seedling density, vegetation cover and structure, and community composition. Engineering by lyrebirds enhanced the germination of seeds in the litter layer. After 2 years, more than double the number of germinants were present in “engineered” than “non‐engineered” plots. Engineering did not affect the density of seedlings, but herbivory had strong detrimental effects. Herbivory also reduced the floristic richness and structural complexity (<0.5 m) of forest vegetation, including the cover of herbs. Neither process altered the floristic composition of the vegetation within the 2‐year study period. Ecosystem engineering by lyrebirds and herbivory by large mammals both influence the structure of forest‐floor vegetation. The twofold increase in seeds stimulated to germinate by engineering may contribute to the evolutionary adaptation of plants by allowing greater phenotypic expression and selection than would otherwise occur. Over long timescales, engineering and herbivory likely combine to maintain a more‐open forest floor conducive to ongoing ecosystem engineering by lyrebirds.
Patterns of ferns community assemblages in some Malaysian and Nigerian tropical forests
Authors: Akomolafe Gbenga F. , Rosazlina Rusly , Rahmad Zakaria , Oloyede Fatai A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch on fern ecology has gained attention in the last decade, yet there is a paucity of information on the comparison of ferns communities across continents. This study focused on comparing the ferns community assemblages in some tropical forests of Malaysia and Nigeria, thereby assessing the patterns of species richness (SR) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) in relation to the bioclimatic drivers across the continents. The diversity and taxonomic compositions of ferns were assessed using 180 plots of 10 m × 10 m in each country. The species richness and other diversity indices were determined using the combined forests data for each country and for the individual forests. Also, the phylogenetic diversity of the ferns was assessed using the genus‐based molecular sequences downloaded from the GeneBank. The patterns of the ferns SR and PD in the two countries as driven by some bioclimatic factors were evaluated using the regression analysis. The observed and rarefied–extrapolated fern species richness is significantly higher in Malaysian forests than in Nigerian forests. Also, the other diversity indices are significantly higher in Malaysian forests except for the Shannon index which showed no significant difference between the two biogeographic regions. There is a very low similarity (7.41%) in the taxonomic composition of ferns between the two biogeographic areas, although the similarity in composition increased with increasing taxonomic levels (species: 7.41%, genus: 12.77%, family: 70.96%). Terrestrial and epiphytic ferns are more dominant than the other life forms in the two countries. The precipitation variables drive the phylogenetic structure of ferns in Nigeria, whereas both precipitation and temperature variables drive the phylogenetic structure of ferns in Malaysia. This indicates that ferns assemblages in Nigeria and Malaysia are driven by both climatic variables. Besides, we also hypothesize that these observed differences could be due to other historical and evolutionary processes.
Links between leaf anatomy and leaf mass per area of herbaceous species across slope aspects in an eastern Tibetan subalpine meadow
Authors: Li Xin’e , Zhao Xin , Tsujii Yuki , Ma Yueqi , Zhang Renyi , Qian Cheng , Wang Zixi , Geng Feilong , Jin Shixuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLeaf anatomy varies with abiotic factors and is an important trait for understanding plant adaptive responses to environmental conditions. Leaf mass per area (LMA) is a key morphological trait and is related to leaf performance, such as light‐saturated photosynthetic rate per leaf mass, leaf mechanical strength, and leaf lifespan. LMA is the multiplicative product of leaf thickness (LT) and leaf density (LD), both of which vary with leaf anatomy. Nevertheless, how LMA, LT, and LD covary with leaf anatomy is largely unexplored along natural environmental gradients. Slope aspect is a topographic factor that underlies variations in solar irradiation, air temperature, humidity, and soil fertility. In the present study, we examined (1) how leaf anatomy varies with different slope aspects and (2) how leaf anatomy is related to LMA, LD, and LT. Leaf anatomy was measured for 30 herbaceous species across three slope aspects (south‐, west‐, and north‐facing slopes; hereafter, SFS, WFS, and NFS, respectively) in an eastern Tibetan subalpine meadow. For 18 of the 30 species, LMA data were available from previous studies. LD was calculated as LMA divided by LT. Among the slope aspects, the dominant species on the SFS exhibited the highest LTs with the thickest spongy mesophyll layers. The thicker spongy mesophyll layer was related to a lower LD via larger intercellular airspaces. In contrast, LD was the highest on NFS among the slope aspects. LMA was not significantly different among the slope aspects because higher LTs on SFS were effectively offset by lower LDs. These results suggest that the relationships between leaf anatomy and LMA were different among the slope aspects. Mechanisms underlying the variations in leaf anatomy may include different solar radiation, air temperatures, soil water, and nutrient availabilities among the slope aspects.