bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered microbiome and metabolome features provide clues in understanding strain- specific regulation of Streptococcus thermophilus in the host
Authors: Yu Peng , Jiang Yang , Pan Yuqi , Guo Min , Yang Bo , Liu Xiaoming , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most prevalent species in stool samples of westernized populations due to continuous exposure to fermented dairy products. However, few studies have explored alterations in fecal and serum metabolites in hosts by multiple S. thermophilus strains. In the present study, we investigated how four S. thermophilus strains influenced the gut microbiota and host metabolism after 28 days of intervention in mice.Results: The results indicate that the consumption of S. thermophilus affected the host with strain specificity. Tryptophan metabolism is regulated by decreased indole derivatives and increased serotonin generation by the four S. thermophilus strains, which is mainly related to the reduction of Alistipes and Eubacterium. Ingestion of strains DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 resulted in more remarkable changes in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism than that of strains LMD9 and 4M6, which may be related to the elevation of intestinal Bifidobacterium by DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the four S. thermophilus strains belonged to different branches in the phylogenetic tree, and DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 had more genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, and signal transduction.Conclusions: Our study provides valuable information for understanding the regulation of host metabolism after consuming different S. thermophilus strains and could facilitate potential personalized applications of S. thermophilus based on strain varieties.
discovery of dwarf bees Apis florea Colonies on the western coast of the Red Sea in central eastern Egypt
Authors: Ali Mahmoud Abbas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted in the southern eastern coast of Egypt of the Red Sea region to identify some types of bees that are likely to be present in this coastal region. The work was carried out through surveys that covered an area the longest of which is about 20 km and a width of 2.5 km. The results of the morphological definition showed the presence of dwarf bees in the Safaga area and the buildings were more Places where colonies of dwarf bees were found. The number of colonies recorded an average of 5 colonies / km2. The most widespread plants were Sidr. The results also showed the continuous movement of colonies.
Expectations, justice and life satisfaction: evidence from Europe
Authors: Nicolitsas Daphne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The literature on life satisfaction suggests, inter alia, that individuals respond to deviations from expectations and that fairness and justice are important for life satisfaction. This paper addresses the issue of whether pay lower than expectations is associated with diminished life satisfaction and whether this association is more pronounced when fairness and justice are perceived to be lacking. Using individual-level data from the 2010/11 European Social Survey (ESS) we proxy pay expectations with the fitted values from an extended mincerian wage equation and compare this to actual pay. We also use a self-reported measure of whether pay received is commensurate to the effort exercised. Through a series of ordered probits we look at whether the two measures of the deviation of pay from expectations are associated with life satisfaction and whether this association is stronger when the individual perceives that justice and fairness are not in general being served. Fairness is here proxied by the view individuals have about courts' workings. The reported results suggest that life satisfaction is lower in countries with a higher share of individuals perceiving courts to be unfair. The hypothesis that life satisfaction is associated with unfairness at the individual-level cannot be rejected either. In addition, dissatisfaction with pay appears to be negatively associated with life satisfaction and the association is stronger for individuals who perceive the justice system to be weak.
Impact of War on Livestock and Forage Products and Marketing in Waghemra Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Ebsa Yared , Abate Sale 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The household intensity of market sale values of forage and livestock products was influenced by age, total household income, saving amount positively and by extension contact, off/nonfarm income, family size and war negatively. The war had a negative significant impact on forage and livestock products and marketing of forage and livestock products. War will have a stronger effect on milk production, livestock numbers, honey production and total market sale values of forage and livestock products who did not affected by war than those who already affected. The war has caused many problems such as forage crops had not been cultivated and harvested on time, deforestation of forage trees and shrubs; and trampling of forage crops and natural pasture, livestock diseases and poor access to veterinary products and services, declining purchasing power of money, lack of clear market information about forage and livestock products, uncontrolled price fluctuationAs a recommendation Federal, Regional and local administrations, formal financial institutions, universities and NGOs should work together by strengthen development agents by building their capacity to encourage their support by providing training and technical support about forage and livestock products, enhance household saving , give training for the family members about the consumptions of livestock products. Offering improved forage products for farmers, build good market structure, control price fluctuation, solving problems by peace way and offering reliefs for the farmers who damaged by war in order to improve household participation in livestock and forage products, and marketed surplus of forage and livestock products in the study area.
Diagnostic Accuracy of MR Imaging of Patients with Leptomeningeal Seeding from Lung Adenocarcinoma after Chemotherapy using a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Seong Minjung , Park Sehhoon , Kim Sung Tae , Park Sung Goo , Kim Yikyung , Cha Jihoon , Kim Eung Yeop , Kim Hyung-Jin , Ahn Myung-Ju 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
PurposeTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced(CE) MRI in evaluation of leptomeningeal metastasis(LM) on the MRI after chemotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI). MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data of 35 non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients registered to NCT03257124 from May 2017 to December 2018, who had progressed disease despite the chemotherapy using TKI and had CSF cytology result positive for malignant cells at the time of registration. 29 patients whose MRI exhibited LM at the time of registration were enrolled. After chemotherapy, MRI scans and following CSF exams were performed in every two months. Each patient underwent MRI scans from once to nine times. Total 113 MRI scans were evaluated. For each CE MRI scan, positivity for LM was evaluated in 3D T1-weighted image(T1WI) and 2D FLAIR, respectively. The diagnostic performance was calculated using CSF cytology result as a reference standard.ResultsCSF results were positive in 69 exams and negative in 44. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CE 3D T1WI were 0.51, 0.55, 0.63, 0.41, and 0.52; and those of CE 2D FLAIR were 0.45, 0.49, 0.58, 0.36, and 0.46. After chemotherapy, discrepancy of CSF and MRI results tended to increase over time. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI after chemotherapy were 0.66, 0.58, 0.62, and 0.47 at the first, second, third, and fourth follow-up, respectively.ConclusionMRI is not satisfactory enough in evaluation of LM in NSCLC patients after treatment using TKI. CSF study may be inevitable for the evaluation of treatment response.
Correlation of SUVmax measured by 18 F-FDG PET/CT and expressions of glucose metabolism regulatory proteins in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Yuan Xiaorui , Huang Rui , Wang Yunhua , Tan Yanlin , Fu Chun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: We analyzed the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with integrated computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and expressions of glucose metabolism regulatory proteins in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)，and aimed to confirm the quantitative relationship between SUVmax and glucose metabolism.Methods: From November 2017 to November 2019, 30 patients with EOC in the study group and 30 women without ovary disease in the control group underwent PET / CT examination. SUVmax of primary and metastatic lesions of each patient before initial treatment, and that of normal ovaries of each woman were measured. The SUVmax of primary EOC lesions, metastatic EOC lesions and normal ovaries were compared. The expressions of glucose metabolism regulatory proteins, containing glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), c-Myc, p53, Ki-67 and hypoxia-inhibitory factor-1α (HIF-1α) were tested by immunohistochemistry in primary and metastatic tissues of the study group. The correlation between SUVmax and the expression levels of glucose metabolism regulatory proteins was analyzed.Results: The SUVmax of primary EOC lesions was the highest (16.61±7.70), followed by metastatic EOC lesions (9.13±5.43), and that of normal ovaries was the lowest (19.40±2.14) among three different tissues (P < 0.0001). SUVmax of primary EOC lesions showed no correlation with age, tumor differentiation, clinical stage and histopathological subtype in the study group (p>0.05). The expressions of Glut1, p53 and c-Myc in primary lesions were higher than those in metastatic lesions (P=0.002,0.23,0.022, respectively). SUVmax was only correlated with expression of Glut1 in primary and metastatic EOC lesions (correlation coefficients 0.474 and 0.469, respectively; both p<0.05).Conclusion: High levels of SUVmax can reflect the active glucose metabolism of primary and metastatic lesions in EOC. Glut1 is a glucose metabolism regulatory protein closely related to SUVmax in EOC.
Optimized NO2 and H2S gas sensor based on Si nanostructure incorporated gold nanoparticles
Authors: Alber Anita S. , Mutlak Falah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study the gold nanoparticle are investigated to find the optimum condition to manufacturing NO2 and H2S gas sensor. The laser ablation approach been extensively used in preparation prepare gold nanoparticles on a porous silicon substrate using n-type silicon wafers. Used a Nd-YAG laser with a (1064, 532) nm wavelength, numbers of shot 500 and energies (600, 800, and 1000) mJ. The morphological and optical of the Au nanoparticles are studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), reflection spectra and study sensing properties. In AuNPs quantum confinement has an effect as seen by a slight shift in the high-energy side of the PL spectrum's peak. With longer wavelengths and lower energies, the crystal with the shorter wavelength 532 nm has a greater refractive index. We observe that it has the largest visible wavelength 591 nm and peaks that are displaced to higher wavelengths. The H2S and NO2 gas sensors sensitivity, recuperation time, and reaction time built since prepared samples were all affected by changes in operation temperature. For each of the gases tested, the highest sensitivity was 30% in 532 nm and 155% in1064nm at 800 mJ for H2S gas while NO2 gas was around 24% in 532 nm and 23% in 1064 nm at 800 mJ. The Au nanoparticles produced by laser ablation create excellent gas sensing and might be a viable solution for industrial gas sensing applications.
An Algorithm to Classify Homologous Series Within Compound Datasets
Authors: Lai Adelene , Schaub Jonas , Steinbeck Christoph , Schymanski Emma L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Homologous series are groups of related compounds that share the same core structure attached to a motif that repeats to different degrees. Compounds forming homologous series are of interest in multiple domains, including natural products, environmental chemistry, and drug design. However, many homologous compounds remain unannotated as such in compound datasets, which poses obstacles to understanding chemical diversity and their analytical identification via database matching. To overcome these challenges, an algorithm to detect homologous series within compound datasets was developed and implemented using the RDKit. The algorithm takes a list of molecules as SMILES strings and a monomer (i.e., repeating unit) encoded as SMARTS as its main inputs. In an iterative process, substructure matching of repeating units, molecule fragmentation, and core detection lead to homologous series classification through grouping of identical cores. Three open compound datasets from environmental chemistry (NORMAN Suspect List Exchange, NORMAN-SLE), exposomics (PubChemLite for Exposomics), and natural products (the COlleCtion of Open NatUral producTs, COCONUT) were subject to homologous series classification using the algorithm. Over 2000, 12000, and 5000 series with CH2 repeating units were classified in the NORMAN-SLE, PubChemLite, and COCONUT respectively. Validation of classified series was performed using published homologous series and structure categories, including a comparison with a similar existing method for categorising PFAS compounds. The OngLai algorithm and its implementation for classifying homologues are openly available at: https://github.com/adelenelai/onglai-classify-homologues.
A novel Y-Z magnetic totally implantable venous access port based on the magnetic anchor technique
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Lyu Xin , Wang Juanjuan , Shi Aihua , Lyu Yi , Yan Xiaopeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) is a commonly used intravenous infusion device for patients receiving chemotherapy or long-term infusion therapy. To improve the success rate of one-time insertion of the Huber needle, we developed a novel Y-Z magnetic TIVAP (Y-Z MTIVAP), which we produced using three-dimensional printing technology. The Y-Z MTIVAP includes a magnetic port body and a magnetic positioning device. For testing, we established four venous port implantation models using the two types of TIVAPs and two implantation depth ranges (≤ 5 mm and > 5 mm). Twenty nurses performed Huber needle puncture with the four models, and we recorded the number of attempts required for successful needle insertion, the operation time, and the operator’s satisfaction. The success rate for one-time needle insertion with the Y-Z MTIVAP was significantly higher than that with the traditional TIVAP at either depth range (100% vs 75% at ≤ 5 mm, p = 0.047; 95% vs 35% at > 5 mm, p < 0.001). With increasing implantation depth, the success rate for one-time insertion was significantly reduced with the traditional TIVAP (75% at ≤ 5 mm vs 35% vs > 5 mm, p = 0.025), but the success rate with the Y-Z MTIVAP was not significantly affected (100% vs 98%, p = 1.000). The operation time with the Y-Z MTIVAP was significantly shorter than that with the traditional TIVAP at either depth range (both p < 0.001), and 90% of operators reported that the Y-Z MTIVAP was superior to the traditional TIVAP. In conclusion, Y-Z MTIVAP was associated with a significantly improved puncture success rate and shortened operation time, and thus, has important clinical application value.
Seed Legislation in the United States
Authors: Rollin S. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seed legislation in the United States consists of two primary categories; Federal legislation, and state legislation. Federal legislation is contained in the Federal Seed Act of August 9, 1939, as amended; and state legislation is contained in seed laws of each of the 50 states. Each state seed law applies to seed sold or offered for sale within that state. The Federal Seed Act applies to seed moving in interstate commerce. In addition, the Federal Seed Act applies to foreign commerce; that is, to seed offered for importation into the United States. The Federal Seed Act does not regulate seed exported from the United States.
Fruit Development, Maturation, Ripening, and Senescence: A Biochemical Basis for Horticultural Terminology1
Authors: Gortner Willis A. , Dull Gerald G. , Krauss Beatrice H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The terminology used to describe developmental stages of fruits is often confusing or even misleading. “Mature” and “ripe” are often used synonymously. We find reference to “green” fruit, based on skin or peel color, used interchangeably with “unripe”, the latter without referring to pigmentation but rather to a state of non-palatability. We see in the literature such words used synonymously as “overripe” and “senescent” in describing a fruit in a very late stage of development. Such terms as “early maturity”, “optimum maturity”, or “full maturity” leave some doubt as to what stage is actually under consideration. At best, different authors are not always referring to the same stage, even when dealing with the same fruit.
Effect of Attapulgus Clay, Media, and Season on the Growth of Turnips1
Authors: del Valle C. G. , Worley R. E. , Harmon S. A. , Valli V. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A pot study using Tifton loamy sand and quartz sand determined the effect of Attapulgus Clay (AC) on the growth of turnips as a soil amendment.
Applications of AC increased the growth of all parts of the turnip plant. Yield of edible roots and leaves was significantly higher than the check when the soil and sand medium contained 1% AC. A concentration of 5% AC was required for significant increases in fibrous root yield. Leaf growth and dry matter percentage in the edible root was .87 g/pot and 1.46 percentage points higher, respectively, in the soil than in the sand media. Conversely, fibrous root growth was .47 g/pot higher in the sand than in the soil media. In the spring edible root and leaf growth were 6.97 and 6.48 g/pot, respectively, higher than in the fall for a 60-day growth period.
A Simplified Method for Measuring the Carbon Dioxide Content of Field Air Samples
Authors: Hopen H. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The measurement of carbon dioxide under field conditions is difficult by alkali titration (5) and colorimetric methods (2,4). Static absorption by alkali can be utilized for inplace measurements but is dependent on ambient turbulence. The common colorimetric method (2) is temperature dependent and requires a constant temperature for absorption.
Some Results of Research on the Use of Peat and Muck for Vegetable Production Under Glass
Authors: Chroboczek E. , Karasinska J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Due to scarcity of manure for use in preparing seed and potting compost, and also for use in growing plants to maturity under glass, interest in using peat and muck for these purposes has increased. In Poland there are about 1.8 million hectares (4.4 million acres) of these organic soils, and the area of glasshouses is also expanding. Of these organic soils, about 90% is muck and 10% is peat; thus, the cost of muck per cubic meter is about 1/3 that of peat.
Desirable Features of Accreditation for Horticulture
Authors: Mohr Hubert C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The most desirable feature of proposing an accreditation program for horticulture may be that of making horticulturists more acutely aware of the serious problems that must be solved if education in their professional field is to continue at the university level. There is entirely too much complacency in our profession. The steadily increasing emphasis upon research has resulted in an indifference, if not an actual opposition, toward the undergraduate teaching program in a number of Land Grant institutions. This now seems to be extending to the master’s degree program, in some cases, with only the PhD program carrying prestige in the teaching area of horticulture. It seems pertinent to raise such questions as these: where will our future PhD candidates receive the motivation to become professional horticulturists? Can we expect to continue to have both the quantity and quality of graduate students we need without strong undergraduate programs?
What Accreditation Has Meant to Forestry
Authors: Burns Paul Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Professional instruction in forestry originated in America in 1898. Two years later the Society of American Foresters (SAF) was formed, the first and only national organization concerned with forestry as a profession. The 16,000 members of the SAF have a strong tradition of service to the public, which is characteristic of a true profession.
Preliminary Analysis of the Onion Seed (Allium cepa, L.) Production Problem, 1966 Growing Season1
Authors: Campbell W. F. , Cotner S. D. , Pollock B. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The discovery of cytoplasmic male sterility in onions, and its application to commercial seed production, was a major breakthrough in vegetable breeding. Initial use of this new technique was moderately successful and seedsmen assumed that experience would lead to higher seed yields. Instead, yields have been disappointing; many fields have not even been harvested. The resulting economic problem has become serious for both seedsmen and onion producers. Many suggestions have been made as to the cause of low yields but there is no agreement on the biological nature of the problem. Therefore, during the 1966 growing season we began to analyze the problem by following the development of the seed crops in commercial fields in southwestern Idaho. We believe our methods and preliminary data may be useful in stimulating other workers to also examine this problem.
Procedure for Determining Intercellular Space of Roots and Specific Gravity of Sweetpotato Root Tissue1
Authors: Kushman L. J. , Pope D. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent studies showed that at harvest sweetpotato storage roots contain as much as 10 milliliters of intercellular space per 100 milliliters of root; during storage intercellular space increases to the extent that it becomes visible and is classified as pithiness or internal breakdown (1). A preliminary report shows that by accounting for the intercellular space tissue specific gravity values can be computed and correlated with drymatter content in much the same manner as for Irish potatoes (2). At harvest intercellular space for each of four varieties was relatively constant for a given variety and differed significantly among varieties (4).
Trifluralin-Treated Cloth Controls Weeds in Geranium Plantings
Authors: Danielson L. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(Cloth and cotton fiber mats impregnated with trifluralin [alpha, alpha, alphatrifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine] at 1/2 lb/A used to treat soil in potted geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) (Ricard cultivar) plantings were herbicidally effective and did not injure the geraniums. Time required for disintegration of the treated cloths and mats ranged from less than 30 days to more than 120 days.)
Comparative Rate of Leaf Respiration for Six Cultivars of Highbush Blueberry1
Authors: Coorts G. D. , Hapitan J. G. , Shutak V. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Respiration is of primary importance to the plant since it liberates energy to do chemical work in synthesizing energy-rich materials involved in growth. Although the respiratory rate of many plant tissues and organs have been studied (1), no data on respiratory rate of blueberry leaves was found in a search of the literature. It is felt that data on the respiratory rate of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) would be of value since it will provide basic information for comparison with other genera.