bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep hygiene and sleep quality in Iranian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chehri Azita , Shetabi Maryam , Khazaie Habibolah , Zakiei Ali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Sleep is one of the issues that attracted the attention of researchers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers focused their studies on the prevalence of sleep disorders, sleep quality, and sleep duration. However, they paid less attention to sleep hygiene. To this end, the present study sought to investigate sleep hygiene and sleep quality in Iranian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
The present study was conducted using a descriptive cross-sectional design. The research population consisted of all adolescents living in Kermanshah (western Iran) in 2021. The participants were a sample of 610 adolescents. They completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) and Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS).
Results
The mean sleep quality score for the participants was 7.14 ± 2.47, indicating the high frequency of sleep problems affecting the participants. There were significant correlations between all components of sleep hygiene and sleep quality. There was also a significant correlation (r = -0.46 between sleep hygiene and sleep quality (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in sleep hygiene and sleep quality between the male and female adolescents.
Conclusions
The data in this study confirmed the poor observance of sleep hygiene in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and reported frequent sleep problems among the participants. The results also indicated a significant relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in adolescents. Thus, sleep hygiene components can predict sleep quality.
Sema4d regulates the bone metabolism in combination with leptin or melatonin
Authors: Lin Zhenen , Xiong Shengren , Lin Yu , Li Zhaohui , Xie Dan , Lin Xuchao , Chen Xuesheng , Lin Xueyi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims to explore the regulatory function of Sema4D on bone metabolism in combination with leptin or melatonin, as well as the underlying mechanism.
Methods
The osteoporosis model was established in rats using the OVX method. The bilateral tibial specimens of rats were taken for Micro-CT scanning analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction. The pathological state of bone tissues was evaluated by the HE staining assay. The concentration of estradiol in the serum was detected by the ELISA assay. Six groups were divided in the present study: Control, OVX, OVX + NL, OVX + Sema4D, OVX + Sema4D + leptin, and OVX + Sema4D + MT groups. According to the above grouping, the Sema4D or leptin overexpressing vectors were injected into rats through the tail vein. 3D bone structure was detected by high-resolution micro-CT system. Serum bone-derived alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b) activities were measured by ELISA. TRAP staining was used to calculate the number of osteoclasts in the metaphysis of the upper tibia. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and leptin in bone tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.
Results
Compared to OVX + NL, the level of V/TV, Tb.N, BMD, and BMC in the OVX + Sema4D + leptin and OVX + Sema4D + MT groups was extremely elevated, accompanied by a declined Tb.Sp level. Compared to the OVX group, in the OVX + Sema4D + leptin and OVX + Sema4D + MT groups, the structure of bone trabeculae was relatively complete and tended to be closely arranged. The number of bone trabeculae was greatly increased and the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts decreased significantly, accompanied by an upregulation of BMP-2 and leptin, and a declined activity of BALP and TRAP-5b.
Conclusion
The function of Sema4d on the microstructure of trabecular bone, bone formation, and repairment on the trabecular bone damage in osteoporosis rats was improved by leptin or melatonin.
Effect of Coffee on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Newly Introduced Single Shade Resin Composite Materials.
Authors: Rohym Shaimaa , Tawfeek Hossam El Mandouh , Kamh Raghda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Dentists started to follow the era of using single shade resin composite restorations to avoid color shade selection. Our study was done to evaluate and compare color stability of two single shade resin composite materials.
Methods
sixty samples were randomly allocated into two main groups (n = 30) according to the composite resin used: Group O: (Omnichroma) samples and Group V: (Venus Peral) samples. Each group was then divided into two subgroups (n = 15): group O1 and V1: samples immersed in coffee. Group O2 and V2: samples immersed in distilled water. Color changes (Δ E) and roughness values (Ra) were evaluated at baseline, 1st, and 14th days of immersion. Color change was assessed using Vita Easy Shade V while surface roughness was assessed using, profilometer and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), respectively. Data were collected and statistically analyzed using two-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukeys post-hoc test (p < 0.05).
Results
Group O1 and V1 recorded the highest Δ E (P = 0.0002, 0.001, respectively) and Ra values (P < 0.001) no significant difference between both materials at 14 days
Conclusion
Single shade resin composite with smart chromatic material technology has dramatically color change and surface roughness that sacrifice esthetic success.
Nomogram of baseline CT-radiomics from small-cell lung cancer patients: evaluation of added prognostic value for overall survival and probability of distant metastasis
Authors: Zhang Ruiping , Chen Yazheng , Luo Yan'an , Wang Zhizhen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the added prognostic value of baseline CT-radiomics using nomogram for overall survival and probability of distant metastasis in small-cell lung cancer patients.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study consisted of 122 patients with stage IIA-IIIB small-cell lung cancer, which 97 patients for training dataset and 25 for validation dataset. The function defined as rad_score was constructed by the linear combination of selected radiomics features from baseline CT images weighted by their respective logistic coefficients and intercept in the LASSO-Cox model. The nomogram was developed based on the above function for overall survival (OS) and calibrated by the Harrell’s concordance index (C-index). The performance of the classifiers for DM was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves with the indictor of area under curves (AUC). Furthermore, survival curve depicted by Kaplan-Meier method was compared with Log-rank test between low- and high-risk group.
Results
The nomogram performance of radiomics features and risk clinical factors (c-index of 0.64) don’t take advantage over the one of risk clinical factors-based alone (c-index of 0.596). The probability prediction of combination of the radiomics and clinical risk factor, radiomics alone, and clinical factors alone was shown, namely AUC of 0.673, 0.640 and 0.650, respectively. No significant different was found between ROCs (p-value > 0.4, Delong test). Moreover, we compared the Kaplan-Meier curves between low- and high-risk group, and showed p < 0.001 with Log-rank test.
Conclusion
In the study, we cann’t confirm the hypothesis that baseline CT-radiomics contribute to predict the OS and probability of DM significantly. Moreover, the nomogram model based on combination of radiomics and clinical parameters has disadvantage over clinical parameters alone, probably affected by heterogeneity of datasets or SCLC need more valuable information for prediction outcomes.
Understanding who is and isn’t involved and engaged in health research: Feasibility of capturing and analysing demographic data related to patient and public involvement and engagement within a clinical translational research environment
Authors: Keane Annie , Islam Safina , Parsons Suzanne , Verma Arpana , Farragher Tracey , Forde Davine , Holmes Leah , Cresswell Katharine , Williams Susannah , Arru Paolo , Howlett Emily , Turner-Uaandja Hannah , MacGregor Issy , Grey Tracy , Arain Zahra , Scahill Maura , Starling Bella 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) can improve the relevance, quality, ethics and impact of research thus contributing to high quality research. Currently in the UK, people who get involved in research tend to be aged 61 years or above, White and female. Calls for greater diversity and inclusion in PPIE have become more urgent especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, so that research can better address health inequalities and be relevant for all sectors of society. Yet, there are currently no routine systems or requirements to collect or analyse the demographics of people who get involved in health research in the UK.
Methods: We developed a questionnaire to assess the demographics of people taking part in PPIE activities run by Vocal. Vocal is a non-profit organisation which supports PPIE in health research across the region of Greater Manchester in England. We implemented the questionnaire across Vocal activities between December 2018 and March 2022. We analysed our findings and compared them against local population demographic data, and available national data related to public contributors to health research.
Results: Our results show that it is feasible to assess the demographics of people who take part in PPIE activities, through a questionnaire system. Further, our emerging data indicate that we are involving a greater diversity of people in health research, as compared to available national data. Specifically, we involve more people of Asian, African and Caribbean heritage, and include a wider range of ages in our PPIE activities.
Conclusion: Our ‘learn by doing’ approach to assessing who does and doesn’t take part in Vocal’s PPIE activities has informed our practice and continues influence our strategic priorities for PPIE. Our system and learning reported here may be applicable and transferable to other similar settings in which PPIE is carried out. We attribute the greater diversity of our public contributors to our strategic priority and activities to promote more inclusive research since 2018.
Genome-wide association study implicates the role of TBXAS1 in the pathogenesis of depressive symptoms among the Korean population
Authors: Won Sungho , Park Kyungtaek , Do Ah Ra , Chung Yuree , Kim Min Ji , Rhee Sang Jin , Yoon Dae Hyun , Choi Seung Ho , Cho Sung Joon , Kim Han-Na , Ahn Yong Min 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Although depression is an emerging disorder affecting many people worldwide, most genetic studies have been performed in European descent populations. Herein, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted in Korean population to elucidate the genomic loci associated with depressive symptoms. Two independent cohorts were used as discovery datasets, which consisted of 6 474 (1 484 cases and 4 990 controls) and 1 654 (557 cases and 1 097 controls) Korean participants, respectively. The participants were divided into case and control groups based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Meta-analysis using the two cohorts revealed that rs6945590 was significantly associated with the risk of depressive symptoms [P = 2.83 × 10− 8; odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15–1.33]. This association was validated in other independent cohorts which were another Korean cohort (258 cases and 1 757 controls) and the East Asian study of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) (15 771 cases and 178 777 controls). The predicted expression levels of thromboxane A synthase 1 gene (TBXAS1), which encodes the enzyme thromboxane A synthase 1 and participates in the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade, was significantly decreased in the whole blood tissues of the participants with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis showed a causal association between TBXAS1 expression and the risk of depressive symptoms. In conclusion, as the number of risk alleles (A) of rs6945590 increased, TBXAS1 expression decreased, which subsequently caused an increase in the risk of depressive symptoms.
On the Efficiency of Heat Engines.
Authors: Bharathraj Goddalehundi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In a Gas Cylinder - Piston system, when the gas raises a mass M (on the piston) from a lower level z to an upper level z', then we say the gas has performed some work, W = Mg(z'-z). We can utilise two kinds of thermodynamic actions to enhance the height of the piston, without altering the mass on the piston. (A) We can enhance the temperature of the gas. (B) We can increase the number of particles in the system. The first process (A) is a pure Isobaric process, here the Volume expansion is proportional to the increasing Temperature. Process (B) is a combination of Isobaric-Isothermal process, here the expansion is proportional to the addition (pumping in) of extra Gas Particles. The textbook description of an Heat (Carnot) Engine is completely wrong. It is described as composed of 4 steps, (i) Adiabatic compression → (ii) Isothermal expansion → (iii) Adiabatic expansion and → (iv) Isothermal compression. In this, steps (ii) and (iv) ought to be Isobaric as it is described as achieved by connecting the system to an heat bath (source/sink) with only heat transfer and no mass transfer. In order to realise an Isothermal process we need to pump in or pump out gas particles at the same temperature as the particles in the system. Besides in steps (i) and (iii) the formulae used to characterise the adiabatic process are also wrong. When we use the proper steps with correct eqns, the maximum possible efficiency turns out to be only 1/(1+f/2), where f = degrees of freedom of the gas particles. The efficieny is not 1-T0/T1, where T0 = sink temperature and T1 = source temperature, as is usually calculated from the wrong theory.
On the calibration of the cohesive strength for cohesive zone models in finite element analyses
Authors: Linke Max , Lammering Rolf 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cohesive zone models are commonly used to numerically model fracture phenomena
on the microscale. Typical fracture processes are described experimentally via the
Double Cantilever Beam test and the End Notched Flexure test on the macroscale.
Analytical solutions, e.g. the LEFM-based beam theory, are used to evaluate these
tests and to validate numerical models. However, some input parameters of cohesive
zone models, i.e. cohesive stiffness and cohesive strength, are independent of the
analytical solutions. In particular, the cohesive strength has a significant effect on the
accuracy of the numerical model compared to the analytical solution and thus needs
to be calibrated. This work extends the available literature by fitting the numerical to
the analytical solution through calibration of the cohesive strength by using more
suitable and generally applicable criteria. It considers the deformation, the applied load
and the crack length of the specimen. The latter has been neglected so far in the
existing literature. Via a parametric study, the derived criteria are minimised to find the
best fit to the analytical solution. In addition, the effect of all input parameters and of
the numerical element size on the calibrated cohesive strength is investigated. The
obtained information can be used to qualify numerical models with coarse meshes to
accurately compute fracture processes. Further, it provides a comprehensive
understanding of the cohesive strength as a modelling parameter.
Effect of Fibro-adipogenic progenitor for muscle weakness after rotator cuff injury: A scoping review of animal studies
Authors: Nihei Kota , Murata Kenji , Sone Kenta , Nagata Shiori , Kawabata Sora , Kojima Takuma , Takasu Chiharu , Terada Hidenobu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Muscle weakness rotator cuff tear (RCT) after is the most important factor for physical function. However, the mechanism underlying muscle atrophy and treatment after rotator cuff injury remains to be elucidated. This study sought to systematically review published animal studies to explore effective treatment options for muscle weakness following human rotator cuff injury, focusing on fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs).
Materials and methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase were systematically searched for articles published in June 2022, using relevant keywords. Animal species, injury and repair types, study duration, and fatty degeneration parameters were summarized.
Results: Of the 120 studies, 51 were secondarily evaluated for cell treatment of muscle weakness in rotator cuff injury. Finally, six studies examining the effects of FAPs on atrophy were selected for analysis. Six studies showed positive effects on the supraspinatus muscle following FAP (n = 3) or pluripotent stem cell (n = 3) injections.
Conclusion: Following the review, we concluded that FAP might be effectively inhibit fatty degeneration after rotator cuff injury. However, mechanical stress also should required for prevention of muscle weakness in various article. Overall, there are few FAP injection reports for RCTs, and basic research should proceed in this direction.
Effects of warming and drought stress on growth characteristics, photosynthetic-transpiration rates, and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Li Qian , Gao Yang , Hamani Abdoul Kader Mounkaila , Wang Guangshuai , Liu Junming , Fu Yuanyuan , Wang Xingpeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Climate change has limited crop productivity worldwide. Understanding crop response to global climate changes is vital to maintain agricultural sustainable development. A two-year experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of warming and drought on crop growth and winter wheat yield production. The results showed that both warming and drought shortened the crop growth period, reduced the leaf area index, and increase winter wheat biomass accumulation. Under sufficient water supply conditions, warming would increase photosynthetic and transpiration rates and water use efficiency, while under water deficit conditions, the opposite was observed. Under warming conditions, the grain yield of the water deficit treatment was 8.9% lower than that of the sufficient water supply treatment. Under non-warming conditions, the grain yield of water deficit treatment was 12.4% lower than that of the sufficient water supply. Under the conditions of water-sufficient supply, the grain yield of the warming treatment was 4.4% lower than that of the non-warming treatment, and under the conditions of water deficit, the grain yield of the warming treatment was 1.3% lower than that of the non-warming treatment. Warming tends to decrease wheat growth and grain yield, but sufficient water supply could improve winter wheat’s water use efficiency and reduce the warming limitation on wheat production.
Association of circulating serum free bioavailable and total vitamin D with cathelicidin levels among active TB patients and household contacts
Authors: Acen Ester Lilian , Worodria William , Kateete David Patrick , Olum Ronald , Joloba Moses L. , Akintola Ashraf , Bbuye Mudarshiru , Andia Irene Biraro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The free hormone hypothesis postulates that the estimation of free circulating 25(OH)D may be a better marker of vitamin D status and is of clinical importance compared to total vitamin D levels because it is the fraction involved in biological activities. Studies have shown that cathelicidin inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in a vitamin D-dependent manner and therefore adequate vitamin D is required for its expression. The aim of the study was to determine the association between serum-free and bioavailable and total vitamin D with LL-37 levels in ATB patients, LTBI and individuals with no TB infection. This was a cross sectional study and free and bioavailable vitamin D and LL-37 levels were measured. 95 specimens were further selected to estimate total vitamin D levels. The median free and bioavailable vitamin D levels of study participants were 3.8 ng/mL. The median LL-37 levels were 318.8 ng/mL. The mean total vitamin D levels were 18.9 ng/mL. Significantly weak inverse associations were found and vitamin D is involved in the regulation of LL-37 expression and low vitamin D levels can alter this relationship.
Major occupations, paid maternity leave, and private insurance of working peripartum women with poverty in the United States, 2019
Authors: Seo Bojung , Nan Hongmei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to determine the major occupations and employee benefit gaps among US working peripartum women with poverty and examine the associations of the major occupations with poverty status, temporary absence from work, or private health insurance coverage.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we included women who gave birth and have had a job within the last 12 months from 2019 Public Use Microdata Sample data from full American Community Survey microdata.
Results
Among women in the major occupations, 51.2% were uninsured through an employer/union. Single mothers accounted for 78.1% of working moms with poverty in the major occupations. Compared to women in other occupations, women in the major occupations had fewer working hours/weeks and paid leave. Cleaners and grounds maintenance workers were most likely to be in poverty or uninsured through an employer/union. Food preparation and serving related workers were least likely to have temporary absence from work.
Conclusions
Compared with other occupations, the major occupations were more likely to be insecure and less likely to include employee benefits. Our study suggests that supportive policies regarding employee benefits are needed for peripartum women with poverty working in the major occupations.
Pink Unicorns and gender inequality: Case of Fiji
Authors: Saliya Candauda Arachchige 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEmpirical studies show that there is lack of female presence on corporate boards in public companies, although some companies have a single female director (known as a ‘pink unicorn’) who, like a unicorn, might look nice but who is, in fact, only a fiction. We investigate whether traditions and rituals support gender inequality in a religious country and attempt to provide evidence that the Fijian cultural and religious systems influence sustained gender inequality. This paper seeks to identify the internal obstacles that seem to be intrinsic to women’s presence, such as self-effacing attitudes and which, among men, appear less prevalent. This qualitative study relies on results from 32 semi-structured interviews with auditors, educationalists, and company directors from leading accounting/audit firms, universities, and Fijian companies, and high-ranked government officers. The findings of this study may encourage stakeholders, including professional bodies, and those who have interests in gender diversity, to promote more female representation on corporate boards of Fijian public companies. The results support assertions that religious traditions and rituals are strongly linked to gender-inequitable beliefs and give voice to various segments of society who are advocating greater gender diversity on board representation in Fiji.