bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark matter effective field theory and an application to vector dark matter
Authors: Aebischer Jason , Altmannshofer Wolfgang , Jenkins Elizabeth E. , Manohar Aneesh V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) and the Low Energy Effective Field Theory (LEFT) can be extended by adding additional spin 0, 1/2 and 1 dark matter particles which are singlets under the Standard Model (SM) gauge group. We classify all gauge invariant interactions in the Lagrangian up to terms of dimension six, and present the tree-level matching conditions between the two theories at the electroweak scale. The most widely studied dark matter models, such as those based on the Higgs portal or on kinetic mixing between the photon and a dark photon, are based on dimension-four interactions with the SM sector. We consider a model with dark vector particles with a ℤ2 symmetry, so that the lightest dark matter particle is stable. The leading interaction with the SM is through dimension-six operators involving two dark vector field-strength tensors and the electromagnetic field-strength tensor. This model is a viable dark matter model in the freeze-in scenario for a wide range of parameters.
Thermodynamics of BPS and near-BPS AdS6 black holes
Authors: Mishra Madhu , Virmani Amitabh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We develop the thermodynamics of BPS and near-BPS AdS6 black holes. We study the phase diagram of BPS black holes in the grand canonical ensemble. We highlight two distinct deformations orthogonal to the BPS surface: (i) increasing the temperature while keeping the charges fixed, (ii) changing the charges while maintaining extremality such that the BPS constraint is no longer satisfied. For both these deformations, we show that the considerations of the BPS entropy function can be extended to describe the near-BPS regime. The excess entropy together with changes in all potentials are perfectly accounted for via the extremization principle.
Reactive oxygen species accumulation is synchronised with growth inhibition of temperature-sensitive recAts polA Escherichia coli
Authors: Kaidow Akihiro , Ishii Noriko , Suzuki Sinngo , Shiina Takashi , Kasahara Hirokazu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen combined with recombinase defects, chromosome breakage and double-strand break repair deficiencies render cells inviable. However, cells are viable when an SOS response occurs in recAts polA cells in Escherichia coli. Here, we aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this process. Transposon mutagenesis revealed that the hslO gene, a redox chaperone Hsp33 involved in reactive oxidative species (ROS) metabolism, was required for the suppression of recAts polA lethality at a restricted temperature. Recently, it has been reported that lethal treatments trigger ROS accumulation. We also found that recAts polA cells accumulated ROS at the restricted temperature. A catalase addition to the medium alleviates the temperature sensitivity of recAts polA cells and decreases ROS accumulation. These results suggest that the SOS response and hslO manage oxidative insult to an acceptable level in cells with oxidative damage and rescue cell growth. Overall, ROS might regulate several cellular processes.
Clinical Features of Recurrence Pattern with Lung Metastasis After Radical Esophagectomy for Thoracic Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Matsui Kazuaki , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Matsuda Satoru , Hirata Yuki , Irino Tomoyuki , Fukuda Kazumasa , Nakamura Rieko , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOne of the difficulties in the treatment of esophageal cancer surgery is the high rate of postoperative recurrence. After esophagectomy, distant metastatic recurrence frequently occurs in the lung. This study aimed to determine the clinical features of a recurrence pattern with lung metastasis.MethodsThe current study analyzed data from 138 patients who had postoperative recurrence of esophageal cancer after a radical esophagectomy. According to the recurrence pattern at the time of initial diagnosis, the patients were classified into two groups as follows: those with lung metastasis and those without.ResultsTwenty‐three of the 138 investigated patients had a recurrence pattern with lung metastasis. Salvage surgery and postoperative pneumonia (p = 0.041 and 0.030, respectively) were identified as risk factors for recurrence pattern with lung metastasis in multivariate analysis. When we compared the sites of primary esophageal tumors, we found that the frequencies of distant metastases, such as lung and liver metastases, as well as pleural/peritoneal dissemination, were higher in the mid and distal esophageal tumors. Patients with a recurrence pattern showing lung metastasis alone had a better overall and post‐recurrence survival than those with other recurrence patterns (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn patients who had postoperative recurrence after esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer, salvage surgery, and postoperative pneumonia were significantly related to recurrence pattern with lung metastasis. Postoperative recurrence with lung metastasis alone had a better prognosis than other recurrence patterns; therefore, when pulmonary recurrence is suspected, performing intensive examinations for early diagnosis is critical.
Local recurrence of robot-assisted total mesorectal excision: a multicentre cohort study evaluating the initial cases
Authors: Burghgraef T. A. , Crolla R. M. P. H. , Fahim M. , van der Schelling G.P. , Smits A. B. , Stassen L. P. S. , Melenhorst J. , Verheijen P. M. , Consten E. C. J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Evidence regarding local recurrence rates in the initial cases after implementation of robot-assisted total mesorectal excision is limited. This study aims to describe local recurrence rates in four large Dutch centres during their initial cases.

Methods
Four large Dutch centres started with the implementation of robot-assisted total mesorectal excision in respectively 2011, 2012, 2015, and 2016. Patients who underwent robot-assisted total mesorectal excision with curative intent in an elective setting for rectal carcinoma defined according to the sigmoid take-off were included. Overall survival, disease-free survival, systemic recurrence, and local recurrence were assessed at 3 years postoperatively. Subsequently, outcomes between the initial 10 cases, cases 11–40, and the subsequent cases per surgeon were compared using Cox regression analysis.

Results
In total, 531 patients were included. Median follow-up time was 32 months (IQR: 19–50]. During the initial 10 cases, overall survival was 89.5%, disease-free survival was 73.1%, and local recurrence was 4.9%. During cases 11–40, this was 87.7%, 74.1%, and 6.6% respectively. Multivariable Cox regression did not reveal differences in local recurrence between the different case groups.

Conclusion
Local recurrence rate during the initial phases of implantation of robot-assisted total mesorectal procedures is low. Implementation of the robot-assisted technique can safely be performed, without additional cases of local recurrence during the initial cases, if performed by surgeons experienced in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery.
Ameliorating high-fat diet-induced sperm and testicular oxidative damage by micronutrient-based antioxidant intervention in rats
Authors: Billah Md Mustahsan , Khatiwada Saroj , Lecomte Virginie , Morris Margaret J. , Maloney Christopher A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeEmerging evidence from rodent studies suggests that high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity is characterized by increased oxidative damage in sperm and testis. However, interventions using micronutrient supplementation to mitigate oxidative damage in obesity have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an antioxidant-based micronutrient supplement (added folate, vitamin B6, choline, betaine, and zinc) on sperm and testicular oxidative damage in HFD-fed male Sprague Dawley rats.MethodsRats (3-weeks-old, 12/group) were weaned onto control (C) or HFD (H) or these diets with micronutrient supplement (CS; HS); sperm and testis were harvested at 30.5 weeks. To assess oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in testis, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), folate and susceptibility index (SI) of pro-oxidative damage, mRNA expression of Nrf2, NFκB-p65, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, in addition to superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured. 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were assessed in both sperm and testis.ResultsHFD-fed rats had significantly increased 8-OHdG content in sperm and testis, increased testicular SI, decreased testicular weight, SOD and GPx activity compared to control. Strikingly, supplementation of HFD appeared to significantly reduce 8-OHdG in sperm and testis (22% and 24.3%, respectively), reduce testicular SI and MDA content (28% and 40%, respectively), increase testicular weight (24%), SOD and GPX activity (30% and 70%, respectively) and GSH content (19%). Moreover, supplementation had significant impact to increase testicular folate content regardless of diet. Furthermore, an overall effect of supplementation to increase testicular mRNA expression of Nrf2 was observed across groups. Interestingly, testicular SI was positively correlated with sperm and testicular 8-OHdG and MDA content, suggesting a critical role of testicular antioxidant activity to combat oxidative damage in sperm and testis.ConclusionOur findings suggest that antioxidant-based micronutrient supplement has the potential to interrupt HFD-induced sperm and testicular oxidative damage by improving testicular antioxidant capacity.Graphical abstract
Exploring the Use of “Nudges” to Improve HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Aung Ei T. , Fairley Christopher K. , Chow Eric P. F. , Lee David , Maddaford Kate , Wigan Rebecca , Read Daniel , Taj Umar , Vlaev Ivo , Ong Jason J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBehavioral economics and its applied branch “nudging” can improve individual choices in various health care settings. However, there is a paucity of research using nudges to improve regular testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The study examined which reminder system and message type men who have sex with men (MSM) preferred to remind them to undergo regular 3-monthly HIV and STI testing. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among MSM attending a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia between 13 January and 5 March 2020, exploring the preferred method of reminder and framing of the message. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. A total of 309 responses were received. The majority of the participants (90%) preferred short messaging service (SMS) as the reminder method for HIV/STI testing compared to other types (e.g., email or instant messaging). More than a third of the participants (45%) showed a preference for a neutrally framed reminder message (Your next check-up is now due. Please phone for an appointment), while one-third (35%) preferred a personalized message (Hi [first name], you are due for your next check-up. Please phone for an appointment). Younger men were more likely to favor positive framed messages than older men who favored neutrally framed messages (p < .01). SMS was the preferred reminder method for regular HIV/STI testing. Reminder messages that were neutrally framed, personalized or positive framed messages were preferred over negative or social norm messages.
Examining the Role of Legal Culture as a Protective Factor Against High Rates of Pre-trial Detention: the Case of Ireland
Authors: Rogan Mary 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ireland has a comparatively low pre-trial detention rate by European standards, at around 14 pre-trial detainees per 100,000 population. This article seeks to explore one factor which may explain a lower use of pre-trial detention in Ireland: its legal culture. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with judges, prosecution lawyers, defence lawyers and probation staff, the article finds that the constitutional protection of the right to bail (the key alternative to pre-trial detention in Ireland), an enduring legal tradition which historically prohibited the use of a risk of offending ground, and shared views and assumptions about the objectives of pre-trial detention hearings amongst judges, prosecution and defence lawyers, have influenced how such actors engage in the decision-making process about the use of pre-trial detention. The article argues that more attention needs to be given to the role of legal culture to examine why detention rates differ across Europe.
An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis of the Joint Effects of Social, Dimensional, and Temporal Comparisons on Students’ Academic Self-Concepts
Authors: Wolff Fabian , Möller Jens 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Previous research has shown that three comparison types are involved in the formation of students’ academic self-concepts: social comparisons (where students compare their achievement with their classmates), dimensional comparisons (where students compare their achievement in different subjects), and temporal comparisons (where students compare their achievement across time). The 2I/E model provides a framework to describe the joint effects of these comparisons. To date, it has been tested in 12 empirical studies. However, integration of these findings is lacking, especially in terms of yielding reliable estimates of the strength of social, dimensional, and temporal comparison effects. We therefore conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis, in which we reanalyzed the data used in all prior 2I/E model studies (N = 45,248). This IPD meta-analysis provided strong support for the 2I/E model: There were moderate social comparison effects, small to moderate dimensional comparison effects, and small temporal comparison effects on students’ math and verbal self-concepts. Moreover, several moderating variables affected the strength of these effects. In particular, the social and temporal comparison effects were stronger in studies using grades instead of test scores as achievement indicators. Older students showed weaker social comparison effects but stronger dimensional comparison effects compared to younger students. Social comparison effects were also stronger in academic track schools compared to nonacademic track schools. Gender and migration background had only very small impacts on the strength of single comparison effects. In sum, this IPD meta-analysis significantly enhances our knowledge of comparison making in the process of students’ self-concept formation.
A New Non-stationary High-order Spatial Sequential Simulation Method
Authors: Haji Abolhassani Amir Abbas , Dimitrakopoulos Roussos , Ferrie Frank P. , Yao Lingqing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new non-stationary, high-order sequential simulation method is presented herein, aiming to accommodate complex curvilinear patterns when modelling non-Gaussian, spatially distributed and variant attributes of natural phenomena. The proposed approach employs spatial templates, training images and a set of sample data. At each step of a multi-grid approach, a template consisting of several data points and a simulation node located in the center of the grid is selected. To account for the non-stationarity exhibited in the samples, the data events decided by the conditioning data are utilized to calibrate the importance of the related replicates. Sliding the template over the training image generates a set of training patterns, and for each pattern a weight is calculated. The weight value of each training pattern is determined by a similarity measure defined herein, which is calculated between the data event of the training pattern and that of the simulation pattern. This results in a non-stationary spatial distribution of the weight values for the training patterns. The proposed new similarity measure is constructed from the high-order statistics of data events from the available data set, when compared to their corresponding training patterns. In addition, this new high-order statistics measure allows for the effective detection of similar patterns in different orientations, as these high-order statistics conform to the commutativity property. The proposed method is robust against the addition of more training images due to its non-stationary aspect; it only uses replicates from the pattern database with the most similar local high-order statistics to simulate each node. Examples demonstrate the key aspects of the method.
Climate change adaptation in smallholder agriculture: adoption, barriers, determinants, and policy implications
Authors: Lamichhane Prahlad , Hadjikakou Michalis , Miller Kelly K. , Bryan Brett A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdaptation to climate change is imperative for the resilience of smallholder agriculture in many developing countries. While studies have focused on climatic impacts on crops and adaptation decisions, barriers to the uptake of adaptation measures by smallholder farmers remain largely unexplored. We empirically quantified the adoption of adaptation measures, as well as barriers to adoption and their determinants for smallholder agriculture in Far Western Province, Nepal, based on a survey of 327 smallholder farmers. We established relationships between barriers and adoption for three different agroecosystems: the Mountain, Hill, and Terai. We then used multiple regression to identify the determinants of barriers in the broader study area, as well as across agroecosystems. We found that adaptation measures such as crop adjustment, farm management, and fertiliser management were practised across all regions. Techno-informational, economic, and environmental barriers were strongly and inversely correlated with adoption of adaptation measures. Adoption, barriers, and determinants varied across agroecosystems. The findings indicate that agricultural development policies must consider climate change adaptation measures tailored to specific agroecosystems in order to most effectively alleviate barriers and promote smallholder resilience.
A multi-hazard historical catalogue for the city-island-state of Malta (Central Mediterranean)
Authors: Main Geoff , Gauci Ritienne , Schembri John A. , Chester David K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe city-island-state of Malta is traditionally viewed as a low-hazard country with the lack of a long historical catalogue of extreme events and their impacts acting as an obstacle to formulating evidence-based policies of disaster risk reduction. In this paper, we present the first multi-hazard historical catalogue for Malta which extends from the Miocene to 2019 CE. Drawing on over 3500 documents and points of reference, including historical documentary data, official records and social media posts, we identify at least 1550 hazard events which collectively have caused the loss of at least 662 lives. Recognising that historical materials relating to Malta are complicated by the presence of a strong temporal bias, we establish a four-point reliability indicator and apply this to each of the 1065 recordings, with the result that some 79% show a high degree of reliability. For an island state where there are significant gaps in the knowledge and understanding of the environmental extremes and their impacts over time, this paper addresses and fills these gaps in order to inform the development of public-facing and evidence-based policies of disaster risk reduction in Malta.
Optimal Extension to Sobolev Rough Paths
Authors: Liu Chong , Prömel David J. , Teichmann Josef 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe show that every $\mathbb {R}^{d}$

ℝ

d

-valued Sobolev path with regularity α and integrability p can be lifted to a weakly geometric rough path in the sense of T. Lyons with exactly the same regularity and integrability, provided α > 1/p > 0. Moreover, we prove the existence of unique rough path lifts which are optimal w.r.t. strictly convex functionals among all possible rough path lifts given a Sobolev path. This paves a way towards classifying rough path lifts as solutions of optimization problems. As examples, we consider the rough path lift with minimal Sobolev norm and characterize the Stratonovich rough path lift of a Brownian motion as optimal lift w.r.t. a suitable convex functional. Generalizations of the results to Besov spaces are briefly discussed.
The Tea House Series: Striving Together to be Antiracist
Authors: Shahram Yalda , Lowry Di’Reon , Iverson Nicholas , Teherani Arianne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThough awareness of health care structures that are racist and oppressive is increasing among health care professionals, there is a gap in continuing education curricula focused on antiracist anti-oppressive practices, and limited faculty and staff development to guide individuals towards action.AimTo develop, implement, and evaluate a novel antiracist faculty and staff development program called the Tea House Series.Setting and ParticipantsA five-part continuing education series with an accompanying online community for faculty and staff at the divisions of Hospital Medicine in one institution in the western United States.Program DescriptionThe four foundational pillars integral to the Tea House Series were as follows: educational framework based on the pedagogy of Paulo Freire, local disparities data, welcoming space to establish a community of practice and accountability. Each session contained participant dialogue in small group activities.Program EvaluationQualitative analysis of participant survey responses demonstrated transformation towards a hope to act with a sense of community. Quantitative analysis measured increased confidence for the program learning objectives.DiscussionThe Tea House Series may be used as a model for continuing education to provide the tools and the community to confront systems of racism and oppression in any institution.
Research strategies to catalyze agroecological transitions in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Jones Sarah K. , Bergamini Nadia , Beggi Francesca , Lesueur Didier , Vinceti Barbara , Bailey Arwen , DeClerck Fabrice A. , Estrada-Carmona Natalia , Fadda Carlo , Hainzelin Etienne M. , Hunter Danny , Kettle Chris , Kihara Job , Jika Abdel Kader Naino , Pulleman Mirjam , Remans Roseline , Termote Celine , Fremout Tobias , Thomas Evert , Verchot Louis , Quintero Marcela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGovernments are updating national strategies to meet global goals on biodiversity, climate change and food systems proposed in the Convention on Biological Diversity post-2020 framework and agreed at the United Nation’s Climate Change Conference (COP26) and Food Systems Summit (UNFSS). This represents a unique and crucial opportunity to integrate and accelerate food system actions to tackle interconnected global challenges. In this context, agroecology is a game-changing approach that can provide the world’s growing population with nutritious, healthy affordable food, ensure fair incomes to farmers and halt and reverse the degradation of the natural environment. Here, we explore agroecological transition pathways in four case studies from low- and middle- income countries and identify catalysts for change. We find that enabling policy and market environments, participatory action research and local socio-technical support each plays a critical role in stimulating transitions towards agroecology. We propose strategies and priorities for research to better support agroecological transitions using these catalysts of change as entry points. Engagement of governments, private sector, civil society, farmers and farm workers in this research agenda is essential.