bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in the Usage of Speech Act of Promise among Moroccan Female and Male High School Students
Authors: MALKI Ilham 
Published: February 2022

The study aims at examining and analysing speech act of promise used by male and female Moroccan high school students. Research studies conducted on speech acts in different languages and cultures serve to provide an insightful understanding of intercultural communication. They substantially help in reaching over communicative differences among speakers of divergent languages, and accordingly lay the ground for addressing and handling issues that arise from intercultural miscommunication. This article is a research endeavour that seeks to fill the void that has been mentioned above. The core of this study is on a pragmatic-based analysis of the speech act of promising in Moroccan Arabic. More precisely, it targets identifying and investigating the widely utilized techniques of promise among male and female Moroccan high school students.The data has been collected from questionnaires composed of 19 hypothetical real-life situations in Morocco. The respondents of the research have been Moroccan-Arabic native speaking students studying in three public high schools in Casablanca, Morocco. The sample consists of 60 male students and 60 female students belonging to the three high school levels: common core, first year, and second year of Baccalaureate. The analysis of the data has revealed that Moroccan high school students embark on six strategies while constructing promise utterances, namely, self-repetition, conditional promises that incorporate Al Istithna (exception) promises and if promises, swearing tactic, assurance-based expressions, self-praising attributions, and preferred adjacency pairs technique. Furthermore, the findings of this study have exhibited that there are significant differences in the use of those strategies among male and female Moroccan high school students as they perform the speech act of promising. It has been proven through the distinct use of promising strategies that both genders speak different languages. Unlike male respondents whose language seems to be assertive, adversarial, and strong, female respondents speak a language of support, politeness, cooperation, and social affiliation.
Chemical augmentation of mitochondrial electron transport chains tunes T cell activation threshold in tumors
Authors: Dotsu Yosuke , Muraoka Daisuke , Ogo Naohisa , Sonoda Yudai , Yasui Kiyoshi , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Yagita Hideo , Mukae Hiroshi , Asai Akira , Ikeda Hiroaki 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCancer immunotherapy shows insufficient efficacy for low immunogenic tumors. Furthermore, tumors often downregulate antigen and major histocompatibility complex expression to escape recognition by T cells, resulting in insufficient T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, augmenting TCR-mediated recognition of tumor antigens is a useful strategy to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.MethodsWe screened 310 small molecules from our library and identified PQDN, a small molecule that activates CD8 T cells after TCR engagement, even when antigen stimulation is too weak for their activation. We used inhibitors of mitochondrial functions and Seahorse Flux Analyzer to investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of PQDN on T cells. Effect of PQDN on tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells was examined using flow cytometry and TCR repertoire analysis.ResultsPQDN increased mitochondrial reciprocal capacity through enhancement of electron transport chains (ETCs) and facilitated glycolysis via mTOR/AKT signaling, resulting in augmented CD8 T cell activation, even when antigen stimulation is extremely weak. Intratumoral administration of this compound into tumor-bearing mice tunes inactivated T cell with tumor antigen recognition potent and expanded functional T cell receptor diversity of tumor-infiltrating T cells, augmenting antitumor immune responses and retarding tumor growth. Furthermore, PQDN has a synergistic potent with T cell dependent immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitory therapy or adoptive cell therapy, even in a low immunogenic tumor. We also demonstrated that this compound enhances the activation of human CD8 T cells.ConclusionsThese data suggest that tuning the T cell activation threshold by chemical activation of mitochondrial ETC is a new strategy for improving therapeutic efficacy through the activation of low-avidity tumor-specific T cells.
Machine learning approach to predicting persistent opioid use following lower extremity joint arthroplasty
Authors: Gabriel Rodney A , Harjai Bhavya , Prasad Rupa S , Simpson Sierra , Chu Iris , Fisch Kathleen M , Said Engy T 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe objective of this study is to develop predictive models for persistent opioid use following lower extremity joint arthroplasty and determine if ensemble learning and an oversampling technique may improve model performance.MethodsWe compared various predictive models to identify at-risk patients for persistent postoperative opioid use using various preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data, including surgical procedure, patient demographics/characteristics, past surgical history, opioid use history, comorbidities, lifestyle habits, anesthesia details, and postoperative hospital course. Six classification models were evaluated: logistic regression, random forest classifier, simple-feedforward neural network, balanced random forest classifier, balanced bagging classifier, and support vector classifier. Performance with Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was also evaluated. Repeated stratified k-fold cross-validation was implemented to calculate F1-scores and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC).ResultsThere were 1042 patients undergoing elective knee or hip arthroplasty in which 242 (23.2%) reported persistent opioid use. Without SMOTE, the logistic regression model has an F1 score of 0.47 and an AUC of 0.79. All ensemble methods performed better, with the balanced bagging classifier having an F1 score of 0.80 and an AUC of 0.94. SMOTE improved performance of all models based on F1 score. Specifically, performance of the balanced bagging classifier improved to an F1 score of 0.84 and an AUC of 0.96. The features with the highest importance in the balanced bagging model were postoperative day 1 opioid use, body mass index, age, preoperative opioid use, prescribed opioids at discharge, and hospital length of stay.ConclusionsEnsemble learning can dramatically improve predictive models for persistent opioid use. Accurate and early identification of high-risk patients can play a role in clinical decision making and early optimization with personalized interventions.
Ultrasound determination of the dural sac to sacrococcygeal membrane distance in premature neonates
Authors: Ponde Vrushali , Shah Dipal , Nagdev Tripti , Balasubramanian H , Boretsky Karen 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCaudal epidural analgesia is the most common regional anesthetic performed in infants. Dural puncture, the most common serious complication, is inversely proportional to age. Measuring the distance from the sacrococcygeal membrane to the dural sac may prevent dural puncture. This study measures the sacrococcygeal membrane to dural sac distance using ultrasound imaging to determine feasibility of imaging and obtaining measurements.MethodsSacral ultrasound imaging of 40 preterm neonates was obtained in left lateral decubitus, a typical position for caudal blockade. No punctures were made. The sacrococcygeal membrane and termination of the dural sac were visualized, and the distance measured. The spinal levels of the conus medullaris and dural sac termination were recorded.Results20 males and 20 females former preterm neonates with an average weight (SD; range) of 1740 (290; 860–2350) g and average age (SD; range) of 35.0 (1.35; 32.2–39) weeks gestational age at the time of imaging. The average sacrococcygeal membrane to distal dural sac distance (SD; range) was 17.4 (3.1; 10.6–26.3) mm. Overall, the weights correlated positively with the distance but the coefficient of variation was large at 23%. The conus medularis terminated below the L3 level and dural sac below the S3 level in 20% and 10% of subjects respectively with hip flexion.ConclusionUltrasound can be used to measure the sacrococcygeal membrane to dura distance in preterm neonates prior to needle insertion when performing caudal block and demonstrates large variability. Ultrasound imaging may identify patients at risk for dural puncture. When ultrasound is not available, needle insertion less than 3 mm/kg beyond the puncture of the sacrococcygeal membrane should prevent dural contact in 99.9% of neonates.
The shifting mosaic of ice-wedge degradation and stabilization in response to infrastructure and climate change, Prudhoe Bay Oilfield, Alaska, USA
Authors: Kanevskiy Mikhail , Shur Yuri , (Skip) Walker D.A. , Jorgenson Torre , Raynolds Martha K. , Peirce Jana L. , Jones Benjamin M. , Buchhorn Marcel , Matyshak Georgiy , Bergstedt Helena , Breen Amy L. , Connor Billy , Daanen Ronald , Liljedahl Anna , Romanovsky Vladimir E. , Watson-Cook Emily 
Published: February 2022

We studied processes of ice-wedge degradation and stabilization at three sites adjacent to road infrastructure in the Prudhoe Bay Oilfield, Alaska, USA. We examined climatic, environmental, and subsurface conditions and evaluated vulnerability of ice wedges to thermokarst in undisturbed and road-affected areas. Vulnerability of ice wedges strongly depends on the structure and thickness of soil layers above ice wedges, including the active, transient, and intermediate layers. In comparison with the undisturbed area, sites adjacent to the roads had smaller average thicknesses of the protective intermediate layer (4 cm vs. 9 cm), and this layer was absent above almost 60% of ice wedges (vs. ∼45% in undisturbed areas). Despite the strong influence of infrastructure, ice-wedge degradation is a reversible process. Deepening of troughs during ice-wedge degradation leads to a substantial increase in mean annual ground temperatures but not in thaw depths. Thus, stabilization of ice wedges in the areas of cold continuous permafrost can occur despite accumulation of snow and water in the troughs. Although thermokarst is usually more severe in flooded areas, higher plant productivity, more litter, and mineral material (including road dust) accumulating in the troughs contribute to formation of the intermediate layer, which protects ice wedges from further melting.
Study of Einstein-bumblebee gravity with Kerr-Sen-like solution in the presence of a dispersive medium
Authors: Jha Sohan Kumar , Aziz Sahazada , Rahaman Anisur 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA Kerr-Sen-like black hole solution appears in the Einstein-bumblebee theory of gravity. The solution contains contains a Lorentz violating parameter in an explicit manner. We study the null geodesics in the background of this Kerr-Sen-like black hole surrounded by a dispersive medium like plasma. We investigate the effect of the charge of the black hole, the Lorentz violation parameter, and the plasma parameter on the photon orbits with the evaluation of the effective potential in the presence of both the Lorentz violation parameter and the plasma parameter. We also study the influence of the Lorentz violation parameter and plasma parameter on the emission of energy from the black hole due to thermal radiation. Besides, we compute the angle of deflection of massless particles with weak-field approximation in this generalized situation and examine how it varies with the Lorentz violation parameter in presence of plasma. Constraining the parameters of this Lorentz violating Kerr-Sen-like black hole is also attempted here with the result obtained from the observations of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration.
Optogenetic Control of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Cardiac Tissue Models
Authors: Gruber Amit , Edri Oded , Glatstein Shany , Goldfracht Idit , Huber Irit , Arbel Gil , Gepstein Amira , Chorna Snizhanna , Gepstein Lior 
Published: February 2022

Background
Optogenetics, using light‐sensitive proteins, emerged as a unique experimental paradigm to modulate cardiac excitability. We aimed to develop high‐resolution optogenetic approaches to modulate electrical activity in 2‐ and 3‐dimensional cardiac tissue models derived from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived cardiomyocytes.

Methods and Results
To establish light‐controllable cardiac tissue models, opsin‐carrying HEK293 cells, expressing the light‐sensitive cationic‐channel CoChR, were mixed with hiPSC‐cardiomyocytes to generate 2‐dimensional hiPSC‐derived cardiac cell‐sheets or 3‐dimensional engineered heart tissues. Complex illumination patterns were designed with a high‐resolution digital micro‐mirror device. Optical mapping and force measurements were used to evaluate the tissues' electromechanical properties. The ability to optogenetically pace and shape the tissue's conduction properties was demonstrated by using single or multiple illumination stimulation sites, complex illumination patterns, or diffuse illumination. This allowed to establish in vitro models for optogenetic‐based cardiac resynchronization therapy, where the electrical activation could be synchronized (hiPSC‐derived cardiac cell‐sheets and engineered heart tissue models) and contractile properties improved (engineered heart tissues). Next, reentrant activity (rotors) was induced in the hiPSC‐derived cardiac cell‐sheets and engineered heart tissue models through optogenetics programmed‐ or cross‐field stimulations. Diffuse illumination protocols were then used to terminate arrhythmias, demonstrating the potential to study optogenetics cardioversion mechanisms and to identify optimal illumination parameters for arrhythmia termination.

Conclusions
By combining optogenetics and hiPSC technologies, light‐controllable human cardiac tissue models could be established, in which tissue excitability can be modulated in a functional, reversible, and localized manner. This approach may bring a unique value for physiological/pathophysiological studies, for disease modeling, and for developing optogenetic‐based cardiac pacing, resynchronization, and defibrillation approaches.
Rehabilitation of Cognitive Deficits Poststroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: O'Donoghue Mairead , Leahy Siobhan , Boland Pauline , Galvin Rose , McManus John , Hayes Sara 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Despite the prevalence of cognitive impairment poststroke, there is uncertainty regarding interventions to improve cognitive function poststroke. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions across multiple domains of cognitive function.

Methods:
Five databases were searched from inception to August 2019. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials of rehabilitation interventions for people with stroke when compared with other active interventions or standard care where cognitive function was an outcome.

Results:
Sixty-four randomized controlled trials (n=4005 participants) were included. Multiple component interventions improved general cognitive functioning (MD, 1.56 [95% CI, 0.69–2.43]) and memory (standardized MD, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.27–0.72]) compared with standard care. Physical activity interventions improved neglect (MD, 13.99 [95% CI, 12.67–15.32]) and balance (MD, 2.97 [95% CI, 0.71–5.23]) compared with active controls. Noninvasive brain stimulation impacted neglect (MD, 20.79 [95% CI, 14.53–27.04) and functional status (MD, 14.02 [95% CI, 8.41–19.62]) compared with active controls. Neither cognitive rehabilitation (MD, 0.37 [95% CI, −0.94 to 1.69]) nor occupational-based interventions (MD, 0.45 [95% CI, −1.33 to 2.23]) had a significant effect on cognitive function compared with standard care.

Conclusions:
There is some evidence to support multiple component interventions, physical activity interventions, and noninvasive brain stimulation improving cognitive function poststroke. Findings must be interpreted with caution given the overall moderate to high risk of bias, heterogeneity of interventions, and outcome measures across studies.
Contemporary Trends in the Nationwide Incidence of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Bako Abdulaziz T. , Pan Alan , Potter Thomas , Tannous Jonika , Johnson Carnayla , Baig Eman , Meeks Jennifer , Woo Daniel , Vahidy Farhaan S. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
We report contemporary trends in nationwide incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) across demographic and regional strata over a 15-year period.

Methods:
Utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2004–2018) and US Census Bureau data, we calculated ICH incidence rates for age, race/ethnicity, sex, and hospital region sub-cohorts across 5 consecutive 3-year periods (2004–2006 to 2016–2018). We fit Poisson and log binomial regression models to evaluate demographic and regional differences in ICH incidence and trends in prevalence of hypertension and past/current anticoagulant use among hospitalized ICH patients.

Results:
Overall, the annual incidence rate (95% CI) of ICH per 100 000 was 23.15 (23.10–23.20). The 3-year incidence of ICH (per 100 000) increased from 62.79 in 2004 to 2006 to 78.86 in 2016 to 2018 (adjusted incidence rate ratio, CI: 1.11 [1.02–1.20]), coinciding with increased 3-year prevalence of hypertension and anticoagulant use among hospitalized ICH patients (adjusted risk ratio, CI: hypertension—1.16 [1.15–1.17]; anticoagulant use—2.30 [2.14–2.47]). We found a significant age-time interaction, whereby ICH incidence increased significantly faster among those aged 18 to 44 years (adjusted incidence rate ratio, CI: 1.10 [1.05–1.14]) and 45 to 64 years (adjusted incidence rate ratio, CI: 1.08 [1.03–1.13]), relative to those aged ≥75 years.

Conclusions:
Rising ICH incidence among young and middle-aged Americans warrants ICH prevention strategies targeting these economically productive age groups.
Name It, Claim It, Grab It
Authors: White Peter , Aikins Rachel Pauline 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pentecostalism being a global phenomenon has become an interesting subject in Global Christianity and academic discourses. Numerous scholars have researched and published articles on it from various perspectives. This article discusses African Pentecostalism by bringing fresh discussion on the existing literature on ‘prosperity gospel’. The article argues that Pentecostal preachers are not prosperity gospel preachers but rather preachers of a faith and hope gospel. The article conceptualises the faith and hope gospel from a Biblical perspective as well as the theological perspective of the adherents and practitioners of Pentecostal theology. Although the article acknowledges the extremist approach of some of the adherents and practitioners in their interpretation of scriptures and sometimes the abuses, the article argues that the dynamic and contextual nature of theology should be considered while the abuses are also objectively condemned. The article discusses debates on Pentecostal hermeneutics as well as the characteristics of the three perspectives of the faith and hope gospel by using the terms ‘name it, claim it, grab it’.
Baptized with the Holy Spirit
Authors: Ben Keshet Hanoch 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
For many, the evocative phrase ‘baptism in the Holy Spirit’ supplies ideological scaffolding for vital pneumatological concerns even though it is not found in Scripture. Achieving a more accurate understanding of the original terminology requires review of two foundational aspects of nt baptism: a) extended senses of the verb baptizein that include purify, and b) the source of John’s baptisma, argued in this article as Israel’s national purification promised in Ezek. 36.25. Working from this basis, Acts 1.5 is reconsidered as Luke’s paradigmatic guide for baptisma while composing Acts. As such, John’s purification with water is seen to continue in Acts, performed in the name of Messiah Yeshua. Most importantly, however, this article maintains that in Acts, Luke frequently uses baptizein in relation to the Holy Spirit to describe one’s initial, powerfully palpable transformation that especially signifies New Covenant purification and certainly includes actualized resurrection power.
From Giant to Lilliputians: A Reflection on Nigeria’s Afro-Centric Policy in Post-Authoritarian Era
Authors: Basiru Adeniyi S. , Osunkoya Olusesan A. , Adebayo Tajudeen I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Central to understanding the character of countries’ foreign policies are the personality traits of individuals who preside over the affairs of countries. This is even more so in Africa where institutions responsible for foreign policy making are not only weak, but are also overshadowed by the personality traits of powerful chief executives. It is against this background that this article, based on desk analysis, examines and compares the impact of leaders’ personality traits on Nigeria’s Afro-centric policy in the post-authoritarian era. Specifically, it attempts to lay bare why Nigeria’s Afro-centric policy, in post-Obasanjo era, has not enjoyed as much dynamism and vigour as it did during Obasanjo’s administration. Comparatively, it notes that President Obasanjo’s successors, Presidents Yar Adua and Jonathan, even though did not discountenance Nigeria’s age-long Afro-centric posture, but did not bring as much dynamism and aggressiveness to bear on it as did President Obasanjo. It argues that this may be unconnected majorly to these individuals’ different personality traits.
Picturing Seeds of Poppies
Authors: Eriksen Christoffer Basse 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The middle of the seventeenth century saw the emergence of a new kind of botanical observation: Microscopical observations of seeds. Previously, naturalists had made observations of seeds to complete their description of plants published in herbals, but for the first generation of Royal Society microscopists—Henry Power, Robert Hooke, and Nehemiah Grew—seeds became the centre of attention. This essay details this transition in plant knowledge by zooming in on just one kind of seeds: The poppy seed. Poppy seeds were abundant in early modern England as they were found in fields, gardens, kitchens and pharmacies. They were also excellent specimens to look at through microscopes, but for different reasons. Focusing on pictorial representation, especially, I analyse the diverse ambitions behind Power, Hooke, and Grew’s observations of poppy seeds, and how they used pictures to further these. The comparison of these three observations of the same specimen highlights the diversity of strategies for scientific representation in the early Royal Society while showing that intense, instrument-enhanced observation did not produce a stable epistemic object, but a multiplicity of epistemic images.