bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermo‐cosmetic spray containing Rhealba oat plantlets and Uncaria tomentosa extract in patients with mild‐to‐moderate cutaneous pain
Authors: Stockman A. , Belpaire A. , Hadshiew I.M. , Žemličkova M. , Vergou T. , Navarro Triviño F. , Márquez García A. , Vasco M. , Vazharova B.K. , Carballido F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic cutaneous pain has a substantial negative impact on quality of life (QoL). Dermo‐cosmetics can support therapies for treatment of chronic skin diseases, providing symptomatic relief from chronic cutaneous pain and improved QoL.ObjectivesTo assess the global tolerance and efficacy of a dermo‐cosmetic spray containing Rhealba® Oat Plantlet and Uncaria tomentosa extracts in reducing cutaneous pain when used as a monotherapy or in association with drug or dermo‐cosmetic treatments in patients with an underlying skin pathology.MethodsPatients aged ≥1 month with a cutaneous pain level ≥3 and an underlying skin pathology were provided with the spray to use up to six times daily for 6–8 weeks. Immediate effect on cutaneous pain and patient satisfaction were assessed after the first application. Global efficacy and tolerance, reduction in symptoms, improvement in QoL, pain reduction and patient overall satisfaction were assessed after 6–8 weeks.ResultsImmediately after the first application, significant reductions in cutaneous pain were observed across all age groups (P < 0.0001), with 94% of patients reporting a reduction in pain. After 6–8 weeks, global tolerance was rated ‘very good’ or ‘good’ for 97% of patients, and the spray was efficacious in 95% of patients. Patient satisfaction with the efficacy of the spray was 95%. QoL scores improved in 86% and 94% of patients aged ≥12 and <12 years, respectively. Findings were similar across underlying pathology and therapy types (monotherapy or in association with another therapy).ConclusionsThe spray was well‐tolerated and efficacious in providing symptom relief in patients with mild‐to‐moderate cutaneous pain, irrespective of the underlying pathology or therapy type.
Influence of dietary supplementation of short‐chain fatty acid sodium propionate in people living with HIV (PLHIV)
Authors: Brauckmann V. , Nambiar S. , Potthoff A. , Höxtermann S. , Wach J. , Kayser A. , Tiemann C. , Schuppe A.K. , Brockmeyer N.H. , Skaletz‐Rorowski A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐AIDS‐associated chronic diseases in HIV+ patients have been on the rise since the advent of antiretroviral therapy. Especially cardiovascular diseases and disruption in the gastrointestinal tract have limited health‐related quality of life (QoL). Several of those complications have been associated with chronic systemic inflammation. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), with propionate as one of the major compounds, have been described as an important link between gut microbiota and the immune system, defining the pro‐ and the anti‐inflammatory milieu through direct and indirect regulation of T‐cell homeostasis. The effects of dietary supplementation of sodium propionate (SP) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) have not yet been investigated prior to this study.ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of SP uptake among PLHIV and its relevance to improve QoL, the study aimed to investigate metabolic, immunological, microbiome and patient‐reported QoL‐related changes post‐SP supplementation with follow‐up.MethodsA prospective, non‐randomized, controlled, monocentric interventional study was conducted in WIR, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, in Bochum, Germany. 32 HIV+ patients with unaltered ART‐regimen in the last three months were included. Participants were given SP for a duration of 12 weeks in the form of daily oral supplementation and were additionally followed‐up for another 12 weeks.ResultsThe supplementation of SP was well tolerated. We found an improvement in lipid profiles and long‐term blood glucose levels. A decrease in pro‐inflammatory cytokines and a depletion of effector T cells was observed. Regulatory T cells and IL‐10 decreased. Furthermore, changes in taxonomic composition of the microbiome during follow‐up were observed and improvement of items of self‐reported life‐quality assessment.ConclusionTaken together, the beneficial impact of SP in PLHIV reflects its potential in improving metabolic parameters and modulating pro‐inflammatory immune responses. Thus, possibly reducing the risk of cardiovascular disorders and facilitating long‐term improvement of the gut flora.
Diversification and phylogenetic correlation of functional traits for co‐occurring understory species in the Chinese boreal forest
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Jin‐Long , Lau Matthew K. , Wang Xu‐Gao , Liang Yu , Ma Tian‐Xiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFunctional traits impact species interactions, community composition, and ecosystem functioning. However, few studies have focused on the diversification and phylogenetic correlation of multiple functional traits over geological time. We conducted phylogenetic comparative analysis for boreal forest understory species in northeast China to examine the diversification and phylogenetic correlation in several functional traits: leaf area (LA), leaf carbon content (LCC), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), plant height (PH), and specific leaf area (SLA). Phylogenetic signals showed that there were very low levels of phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC) in understory leaf‐related traits and plant height, suggesting divergence of functional traits for the co‐occurring understory species. The disparity through time analyses (DTT) indicated that trait disparities mainly originated during recent divergence events and there were no differences in the observed trait disparities compared with that expected under Brownian motion. Furthermore, we found both positive and negative phylogenetic correlations among the measured functional traits. The very low levels of PNC suggest that these functional traits diverged among co‐occurring understory species, and that those species are distantly phylogenetically related. The phylogenetic correlations among traits may be caused by both positively and negatively correlated adaptions that correspond to resource acquisition strategies. This study provides evidence that divergence in functional traits may reflect understory adaptions to boreal conditions.
Antibacterial activity and mechanism of essential oils in combination with medium-chain fatty acids against predominant bovine mastitis pathogens
Authors: Rani Sapna , Verma Sunita , Singh Hemlata , Ram Chand 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Bovine mastitis has become a significant economic importance for the dairy industry. Concerns regarding poor milk quality and emergence of bacterial resistance have necessitated to develop an alternative therapeutic approach to antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis. Saturated medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and essential oils (EOs) are known natural antimicrobials, but their combined effect has not been investigated extensively. The objective of the present investigation was to examine the bactericidal effect of various combined treatments of eight EOs and three saturated MCFAs to inactivate predominant mastitis pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213; Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 27736 and Streptococcus agalactiae ATCC 27956. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values confirmed that all the tested pathogens were variably susceptible to both EOs and saturated MCFAs. Among essential oils, carvacrol (CAR), trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) and thymol (TM) showed the highest inhibitory activity at concentration 0·38–1·32 mg/mL. Carvacrol exhibited effective additive antibacterial activity in combined treatment with octanoic acid (OA) in terms of its fractional inhibitory index (0·63–0·88) and time-kill effect in reducing about 6 log CFU/mL bacterial cells in less than 5 min. The effort was also made to elucidate the mechanism of antibacterial action of CAR and OA against selected mastitis pathogens by observing changes in cell microstructure, permeability and integrity of cell membrane and their membrane potential. After adding CAR and OA at MIC level, there were obvious changes in cell morphology, leakage of small electrolytes and macromolecules at the initial few hours of treatment i.e. within 1–2 h were observed. Our results indicated that CAR and OA could be evaluated as alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotics as intramammary infusion or topical application to treat bovine mastitis, significantly improving the microbiological safety of milk.
Multiple pilomatricomas in a child with xeroderma pigmentosum: Coincidence or association?
Authors: Palacios‐Diaz Rodolfo David , Navarro‐Mira Miguel Ángel , Ballester‐Sánchez Rosa , Calle‐Andrino Anaid , de Unamuno‐Bustos Blanca , Botella‐Estrada Rafael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe association of multiple pilomatricomas with xeroderma pigmentosum has not been described. We report a case of a child with multiple pilomatricomas and photosensitivity who was found to have a pathogenic variant in exon 4 of XPA and a likely pathogenic variant in COL6A1.
Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Position Statement on Acute Oxygen Use in Adults: ‘Swimming between the flags’
Authors: Barnett Adrian , Beasley Richard , Buchan Catherine , Chien Jimmy , Farah Claude S. , King Gregory , McDonald Christine F. , Miller Belinda , Munsif Maitri , Psirides Alex , Reid Lynette , Roberts Mary , Smallwood Natasha , Smith Sheree 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOxygen is a life‐saving therapy but, when given inappropriately, may also be hazardous. Therefore, in the acute medical setting, oxygen should only be given as treatment for hypoxaemia and requires appropriate prescription, monitoring and review. This update to the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) guidance on acute oxygen therapy is a brief and practical resource for all healthcare workers involved with administering oxygen therapy to adults in the acute medical setting. It does not apply to intubated or paediatric patients. Recommendations are made in the following six clinical areas: assessment of hypoxaemia (including use of arterial blood gases); prescription of oxygen; peripheral oxygen saturation targets; delivery, including non‐invasive ventilation and humidified high‐flow nasal cannulae; the significance of high oxygen requirements; and acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. There are three sections which provide (1) a brief summary, (2) recommendations in detail with practice points and (3) a detailed explanation of the reasoning and evidence behind the recommendations. It is anticipated that these recommendations will be disseminated widely in structured programmes across Australia and New Zealand.
Verification and Validation: The Path to Predictive Scale-Resolving Simulations of Turbulence
Authors: Pereira Filipe S. , Grinstein Fernando F. , Israel Daniel M. , Eça Luis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work investigates the importance of verification and validation (V&V) to achieve predictive scale-resolving simulations (SRSs) of turbulence, i.e., computations capable of resolving a fraction of the turbulent flow scales. Toward this end, we propose a novel but simple V&V strategy based on grid and physical resolution refinement studies that can be used even when the exact initial flow conditions are unknown, or reference data are unavailable. This is particularly relevant for transient and transitional flow problems, as well as for the improvement of turbulence models. We start by presenting a literature survey of results obtained with distinct SRS models for flows past circular cylinders (CCs). It confirms the importance of V&V by illustrating a large variability of results, which is independent of the selected mathematical model and Reynolds number. The proposed V&V strategy is then used on three representative problems of practical interest. The results illustrate that it is possible to conduct reliable V&V exercises with SRS models and evidence the importance of V&V to predictive SRS of turbulence. Most notably, the data also confirm the advantages and potential of the proposed V&V strategy: separate assessment of numerical and modeling errors, enhanced flow physics analysis, identification of key flow phenomena, and ability to operate when the exact flow conditions are unknown or reference data are unavailable.
Impact of bending-related faulting and oceanic-plate topography on slab hydration and intermediate-depth seismicity
Authors: Geersen Jacob , Sippl Christian , Harmon Nicholas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is commonly assumed that intermediate-depth seismicity is in some way linked to dehydration reactions inside subducting oceanic plates. Although there is growing evidence that the hydration state of an oceanic plate is controlled by its structure and degree of faulting, we do not have a quantitative understanding of this relationship. Double seismic zones offer the possibility of investigating changes in oceanic-plate hydration not only along strike but also with depth beneath the slab surface. To quantify the impact of oceanic-plate structure and faulting on slab hydration and intermediate-depth seismicity, with a focus on the genesis of double seismic zones, we correlate high-resolution earthquake catalogs and seafloor maps of ship-based bathymetry for the northern Chilean and Japan Trench subduction zones. The correlations show only a weak influence of oceanic-plate structure and faulting on seismicity on the upper plane of the double seismic zone, which may imply that hydration is limited by slow reaction kinetics at low temperatures 5–7 km below the seafloor and by the finite amount of exposed wall rock in the outer-rise region. These factors seem to limit hydration even if abundant water is available. Seismicity in the lower plane is, in contrast, substantially enhanced where deformation of the oceanic plate is high and distributed across intersecting faults. This likely leads to an increase in the volume of damaged wall rock around the faults, thereby promoting the circulation of water to mantle depths where serpentinization is faster due to elevated temperatures. Increased lower-plane seismicity around subducting oceanic features such as seamounts or fracture zones may also be caused by enhanced faulting around these features. Our results provide a possible explanation for the globally observed presence of rather homogeneous upper-plane seismicity in double seismic zones as well as for the commonly patchy and inhomogeneous distribution of lower-plane seismicity.
Measuring the learning outcomes of datathons
Authors: Lyndon Mataroria P , Pathanasethpong Atipong , Henning Marcus A , Chen Yan , Celi Leo Anthony 
Published: February 2022

PurposeHealthcare datathons are events in which cross-disciplinary teams leverage data science methodologies to address clinical questions using large datasets. The aim of this research was to evaluate participant satisfaction and learning outcomes of datathons.MethodsA multicentre cross-sectional study was performed using survey data from datathons conducted in Sydney, Australia (April 2018) n=98, Singapore (July 2018) n=169 and Beijing, China (December 2018) n=200.Participants (n=467) completed an online confidential survey at the end of the datathons which contained the Affective Learning Scale, and measures of event satisfaction, perceived knowledge gain, as well as free text responses, and participants’ demographic background. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Thematic analysis was performed on the text responses.ResultsThe overall response rate was 64% (301/467). Participants were mostly male (70%); 50.2% were health professionals and 49.8% were data scientists.Based on the Affective Learning Scale (7-point Likert type scale), participants reported a positive learning experience (M = 5.93, SD = 1.21), satisfaction for content and subject matter of the datathon (M = 5.81, SD = 1.17), applying behaviours (M = 4.71, SD =2.02), instruction from mentors (M = 6.01, SD = 1.18), and intention to participate in future datathons (M = 6.03, SD = 1.23).The MANOVA showed significant differences between health professionals and data scientists in perceived knowledge gain from the datathons. Themes from text responses emerged: (1) cross-disciplinary collaboration; (2) improving healthcare using data science and (3) preparations for big data analytics.ConclusionsDatathons provide a satisfying learning experience for participants and promote affective learning, cross-disciplinary collaboration and knowledge gain in health data science.
Clinicians’ perspectives on equity of access to dialysis and kidney transplantation for rural people in Australia: a semistructured interview study
Authors: Scholes-Robertson Nicole Jane , Gutman Talia , Howell Martin , Craig Jonathan , Chalmers Rachel , Dwyer Karen M , Jose Matthew , Roberts Ieyesha , Tong Allison 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesPeople with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation in rural areas have worse outcomes, including an increased risk of hospitalisation and mortality and encounter many barriers to accessing kidney replacement therapy. We aim to describe clinicians’ perspectives of equity of access to dialysis and kidney transplantation in rural areas.DesignQualitative study with semistructured interviews.Setting and participantsTwenty eight nephrologists, nurses and social workers from 19 centres across seven states in Australia.ResultsWe identified five themes: the tyranny of distance (with subthemes of overwhelming burden of travel, minimising relocation distress, limited transportation options and concerns for patient safety on the roads); supporting navigation of health systems (reliance on local champions, variability of health literacy, providing flexible models of care and frustrated by gatekeepers); disrupted care (without continuity of care, scarcity of specialist services and fluctuating capacity for dialysis); pervasive financial distress (crippling out of pocket expenditure and widespread socioeconomic disadvantage) and understanding local variability (lacking availability of safe and sustainable resources for dialysis, sensitivity to local needs and dependence on social support).ConclusionsClinicians identified geographical barriers, dislocation from homes and financial hardship to be major challenges for patients in accessing kidney replacement therapy. Strategies such as telehealth, outreach services, increased service provision and patient navigators were suggested to improve access.
Occupational risk factors and breast cancer in Beijing, China: a hospital-based case–control study
Authors: Li Aihua , Shen Zhuang , Sun Zhifeng , Yun Shuiying , Tian Xingkuan , Hu Zaifang , Yu Guixin , Hu Li , Wang Zihuan , Ye Yan 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionStudies on the association between breast cancer and occupational hazards are limited, especially in China. This is the first study to explore the relationship between breast cancer and occupational hazards in Beijing, China.DesignA hospital-based case–control study.SettingEight local hospitals in Beijing, China.ParticipantsA total of 973 female participants, comprising 495 cases and 478 controls, were recruited in our study. We identified patients who underwent diagnosis for breast cancer at one of the eight local hospitals in Beijing between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019; controls were individuals randomly matched from the same hospital where the cases were confirmed.Main outcome and measureLeast absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to estimate the occupational risk factors associated with breast cancer, including night shift work history and work posture.ResultsIn the case group, the breast cancer type was mainly invasive, which accounted for 85.66% of all the breast cancer patients. Five risk factors were included in the final LASSO model, including body mass index (BMI), marital status, menopause, night shift work history and work posture. Furthermore, these risk factors were considered for multivariate logistic regression, and the analyses suggested that the risk of breast cancer was significantly associated with higher BMI (≥28.0 kg/m2, OR: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.29 to 6.30); married status: married (OR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.28 to 5.56) or divorced (OR: 4.51, 95% CI: 1.84 to 11.07); menopause (OR: 6.89, 95% CI: 5.07 to 9.36); night shift work (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.11); and maximum standing or walking, and minimal sitting (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.73).ConclusionBreast cancer is associated with occupational risk factors. Night shift work, especially in a standing posture, can increase the incidence of breast cancer in women in Beijing, China.
Barriers to patient enrolment in phase III cancer clinical trials: interviews with clinicians and pharmaceutical industry representatives
Authors: Dane Aniek , Ashraf Soedaba , Timmis James , Bos Monique , Uyl-de Groot Carin , van der Kuy P Hugo M 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesPhase III cancer clinical trials are expensive and time-consuming phases in drug development. Effective patient enrolment can reduce delays and save costs, offering patients an opportunity to benefit from innovative treatments. However, the current evidence base does not fully explain the persistence of barriers to patient enrolment in phase III cancer clinical trials. The aim was to explore clinicians’ and pharmaceutical representatives’ views on these barriers.DesignA qualitative study was performed. In-depth information was collected from 15 experts in the field of oncology clinical trials, in particular clinical oncologists acting as principal investigators (PIs) and clinical research associates. By means of semistructured interviews, based on a questionnaire derived from our newly developed conceptual framework, they were asked to identify barriers to patient enrolment they had experienced and comment on barriers identified in literature.FindingsExisting knowledge on barriers to patient enrolment was confirmed by all interviewees. Two new key barriers to patient enrolment were identified, that is, insufficient attention to the importance of clinical trial-based research in medical training and a trust gap between PIs and pharmaceutical representatives. A third important barrier was increasingly narrow patient inclusion criteria.ConclusionsThe success rate of patient enrolment in phase III cancer clinical trials highly depends on the clinicians’ willingness to take part in clinical trials. Raising awareness of the importance of clinical trials in medical training and among practising oncologists is recommended. Furthermore, to reduce barriers to patient enrolment, it is essential that both clinicians and pharmaceutical representatives acknowledge each other’s expertise, become acquainted with each other’s procedures and regulations, and work on building trust relationships. Finally, in accordance with our key findings, we propose to add two new barriers to our newly developed conceptual framework; insufficient attention to clinical trial research in medical training and trust gap.