bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to early pregnancy and gestational weight gain before diagnosis: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Xu Huiling , Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Liu Xingrong , Stephansson Olof , Cnattingius Sven , Arkema Elizabeth V. , Johansson Kari 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication associated with adverse consequences for the mother and offspring in both short and long term. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between risk of GDM and gestational weight gain in early pregnancy and before diagnosis.Material and methodsOur population‐based cohort study included 131 164 singleton pregnancies in the Stockholm‐Gotland region in Sweden from 2008 through 2013. The exposures were weight gain in early pregnancy (<22 weeks) and weight gain before diagnosis, standardized into gestational age‐specific z scores. The outcome was GDM. We used logistic regression models with a generalized estimating equations method to estimate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for GDM, stratified by early‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) category.ResultsAbove average weight gain before diagnosis (z score >0) was associated with increased risk of GDM among all BMI groups except for obese III. Early gestational weight gain above average was associated with increased risk for GDM in overweight women. Below average weight gain before diagnosis (z score <0) was only associated with decreased risk of GDM in obese III. Early gestational weight gain below average was associated with reduced risks of GDM in obese class I, II, and III women.ConclusionsThe risk of GDM increased with higher weight gain before diagnosis in all BMI groups except obese class III, whereas the risk was reduced with lower weight gain before diagnosis in obese III women only. The risk of GDM increased with higher early gestational weight gain in overweight women, while the risk was reduced with lower early gestational weight gain among obese women. Obese women may benefit from lower weight gain, especially in early pregnancy.
Ethical implications of text generation in the age of artificial intelligence
Authors: Illia Laura , Colleoni Elanor , Zyglidopoulos Stelios 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe are at a turning point in the debate on the ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) because we are witnessing the rise of general‐purpose AI text agents such as GPT‐3 that can generate large‐scale highly refined content that appears to have been written by a human. Yet, a discussion on the ethical issues related to the blurring of the roles between humans and machines in the production of content in the business arena is lacking. In this conceptual paper, drawing on agenda setting theory and stakeholder theory, we challenge the current debate on the ethics of AI and aim to stimulate studies that develop research around three new challenges of AI text agents: automated mass manipulation and disinformation (i.e., fake agenda problem), massive low‐quality content production (i.e., lowest denominator problem) and the creation of a growing buffer in the communication between stakeholders (i.e., the mediation problem).
Self‐enhancement and physical health: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zell Ethan , Stockus Christopher A. , Lesick Tara L. , Sedikides Constantine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA prior meta‐analysis yielded a positive relation between self‐enhancement and psychological health. We present the first meta‐analysis of the association between self‐enhancement and physical health (k = 87; N = 22,415). We relied predominantly on social desirability as an operationalization of self‐enhancement and secondarily on comparative judgement and narcissism. Further, we operationalized physical health in terms of self‐rated health, symptoms and biomarkers. Overall, self‐enhancement yielded a near‐zero association with physical health, r = .01. However, this association was more pronounced for comparative judgement (r = .18, k = 6) than social desirability (r = .03, k = 41) or narcissism (r = −.0001, k = 8), and for self‐rated health (r = .09, k = 9) than symptoms (r = .01, k = 29) or biomarkers (r = −.13, k = 17). The association between self‐enhancement and physical health fluctuates across measures of both constructs calling for more focussed and nuanced investigations.
Combined chemoradiotherapy and programmed cell death‐ligand 1 blockade leads to changes in the circulating T‐cell receptor repertoire of patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Someya Masanori , Tokita Serina , Kanaseki Takayuki , Kitagawa Mio , Hasegawa Tomokazu , Tsuchiya Takaaki , Fukushima Yuki , Gocho Toshio , Kozuka Yoh , Mafune Shoh , Ikeuchi Yutaro , Takahashi Mamoru , Moniwa Keigo , Matsuo Kazuhiko , Hasegawa Tadashi , Torigoe Toshihiko , Sakata Koh‐ichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCombined chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) blockade is a new care standard for unresectable stage III non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although this consolidation therapy has improved the overall survival of patients with NSCLC, the synergistic action mechanisms of CRT and immunotherapy on T cells remain unclear. In addition, there is a paucity of reliable biomarkers to predict clinical responses to therapy. In this study, we analyzed T‐cell receptor (TCR) sequences in the peripheral blood of five patients with NSCLC. T‐cell receptor analysis was undertaken before treatment, after CRT, and after PD‐L1 blockade. Notably, we observed the expansion and alteration of the dominant T‐cell clonotypes in all cases with a complete response. In contrast, neither expansion nor alteration of the TCR repertoire was observed in cases with progressive disease. T cell expansion was initiated after CRT and was further enhanced after PD‐L1 blockade. Our findings suggest the systemic effect of CRT on circulating T cells in addition to the curative effect on limited tumor sites. Dynamic changes in circulating T‐cell clonotypes could have a prognostic significance for combined CRT and PD‐L1 blockade.
Glioma stem cell signature predicts the prognosis and the response to tumor treating fields treatment
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhou Xiaoxi , Yang Liting , Zhou Hongshu , Meng Ming , Wu Hao , Liu Zhixiong , Zhang Liyang , Li Chuntao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionGlioma stem cells (GSCs) play an important role in glioma recurrence and chemo‐radiotherapy (CRT) resistance. Currently, there is a lack of efficient treatment approaches targeting GSCs. This study aimed to explore the potential personalized treatment of patients with GSC‐enriched gliomas.MethodsSingle‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was used to identify the GSC‐related genes. Then, machine learning methods were applied for clustering and validation. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and COX regression were used to construct the risk scores. Survival analysis was performed. Additionally, the incidence of chemo‐radiotherapy resistance, immunotherapy status, and tumor treating field (TTF) therapy response were evaluated in high‐ and low‐risk scores groups.ResultsTwo GSC clusters exhibited significantly different stemness indices, immune microenvironments, and genomic alterations. Based on GSC clusters, 11‐gene GSC risk scores were constructed, which exhibited a high predictive value for prognosis. In terms of therapy, patients with high GSC risk scores had a higher risk of resistance to chemotherapy. TTF therapy can comprehensively inhibit the malignant biological characteristics of the high GSC‐risk‐score gliomas.ConclusionOur study constructed a GSC signature consisting of 11 GSC‐specific genes and identified its prognostic value in gliomas. TTF is a promising therapeutic approach for patients with GSC‐enriched glioma.
Advantages and challenges of metagenomic sequencing for the diagnosis of pulmonary infectious diseases
Authors: Chen Yan , Fan Li‐Chao , Chai Yan‐Hua , Xu Jin‐Fu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to familiarize the application status of metagenomic sequencing in diagnosing pulmonary infections, to compare metagenomic sequencing with traditional diagnostic methods, to conclude the advantages and limitations of metagenomic sequencing, and to provide some advice for clinical practice and some inspiration for associated researches.Data SourcesThe data were obtained from peer‐reviewed literature, white papers, and meeting reports.ResultsThis review focused on the applications of untargeted metagenomic sequencing in lungs infected by bacteria, viruses, fungi, chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, parasites, and other pathogens. Compared with conventional diagnostic methods, metagenomic sequencing is better in detecting novel, rare, and unexpected pathogens and being applied in co‐infections. Meanwhile, it can also provide more comprehensive information about pathogens. However, metagenomic sequencing still has limitations. Also, the situations that should be applied in and how the results should be interpreted are discussed in this review.ConclusionMetagenomic sequencing improves efficiency to identify pathogens compared with traditional diagnostic methods and can be applied in clinical diagnosis. However, the technology of metagenomic sequencing still needs to be improved. Also, clinicians should learn more about when to use metagenomic sequencing and how to interpret its results.
Usefulness of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in predicting progression and survival outcomes after atezolizumab–bevacizumab treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ochi Hironori , Kurosaki Masayuki , Joko Kouji , Mashiba Toshie , Tamaki Nobuharu , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Tada Toshifumi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Narita Ryoichi , Uchida Yasushi , Akahane Takehiro , Kondo Masahiko , Mori Nami , Takaki Shintaro , Tsuji Keiji , Kusakabe Atsunori , Furuta Koichiro , Kobashi Haruhiko , Arai Hirotaka , Nonogi Michiko , Tamada Takashi , Hasebe Chitomi , Izumi Namiki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimWe investigated pretreatment neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for predicting survival outcomes of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and determined the predictive ability of combined liver reserve–NLR.MethodsThis retrospective, multicenter study enrolled 242 patients receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for unresectable HCC. Pretreatment NLR <2.56 was designated as the “low group” and NLR ≥2.56 as the “high group” (120 and 122 patients, respectively). Propensity score‐matched analysis was undertaken between the low and high groups.ResultsIn this cohort, the objective response and disease control rates were 20% and 72.5%, respectively, in the low group and 19.6% and 72.9%, respectively, in the high group. After matching, median progression‐free survival (PFS) time was 283 and 167 days in the low and high groups, respectively (p = 0.022). Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio ≥2.56 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–2.28; p = 0.028), modified albumin–bilirubin index (mALBI) grade 2b or 3 (HR 1.55; 95% CI, 1.05–2.29; p = 0.025), and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist‐II ≥ 400 (HR 2.03; 95% CI, 1.36–3.02; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with PFS in univariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model. In cases involving mALBI grade 1 or 2a (n = 131), the median PFS time was not reached in the low group, whereas it was 210 days in the high group (p = 0.037).ConclusionsPretreatment NLR is a simple tool for routine measurement in clinical practice. It can predict PFS in patients with unresectable HCC treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, especially mALBI grade 1 or 2a.
Predictive factors for the effectiveness of novel androgen receptor axis‐targeted agents in patients with metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Koshiro Nishimoto , Nakajima Kenichi , Oyama Masafumi , Kaneko Go , Takahashi Satoru , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Shiina Hiroaki , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Horikoshi Hiroyuki , Hashine Katsuyoshi , Sugiyama Yutaka , Miyao Takeshi , Kamiyama Manabu , Harada Kenichi , Ito Akito , Mizokami Atsushi ,   PROSTAT‐BSI Investigators
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveNovel androgen receptor axis‐targeted agents (ARATAs) have been developed for mCRPC and improved overall survival (OS). Here, we aimed to find predictors who will receive the greatest benefits from ARATAs.MethodsWe previously performed a multicenter study to identify prognostic factors for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC, n = 148) and mCRPC (n = 99), and showed that the bone scan index (BSI) was one of the significant prognostic factors for 3‐year OS (PROSTAT‐BSI study). mHSPC progressed to mCRPC (n = 101), for which 69 patients were treated with (n = 39) or without ARATAs (n = 30, prior to the approval of ARATAs). The 69 patients were divided into two groups according to patient factors, and these cohorts were further divided into two subgroups by usage of ARATAs. OS was compared between subgroups in each group.ResultsThe predictors were age (<71.4 years), serum levels of C‐reactive protein (≥0.16 ng/ml) and alkaline phosphatase (≥548 U/L), time to PSA progression after ADT (<8.9 months), the lowest PSA level (≥1 ng/ml) after ADT, and the rate of PSA decline 3 months after ADT (<0.987), whereas hemoglobin levels, PSA before ADT, Gleason scores, existence of visceral metastases, and BSI were not.ConclusionsThe present study identified predictors for the effectiveness of ARATAs. The number of bone metastases (≒BSI), existence of visceral metastases, and Gleason scores, which were identified as high‐risk factors in the LATITUDE study and disease volume in CHAARTED criteria, did not appear to be useful for predicting effectiveness from ARATAs.
Ectopic endometriotic stromal cells‐derived lactate induces M2 macrophage polarization via Mettl3/Trib1/ERK/STAT3 signalling pathway in endometriosis
Authors: Gou Yanling , Wang Han , Wang Tong , Wang Hongli , Wang Beidi , Jiao Na , Yu Yangyang , Cao Yingying , Wang Honglin , Zhang Zongfeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEndometriosis is a gynaecological condition characterized by the growth of endometrium‐like tissues within and outside of the pelvic cavity. Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant infiltration of M2 macrophages is mainly responsible for the establishment of endometriotic lesions. A growing body of evidence shows that glycolysis and lactate accumulation have great impact on the regulation of immunomicroenvironment. However, the communication signal between glycolysis and macrophages is poorly defined in endometriosis. Hereby, we investigate the correlation between glycolysis and M2 macrophage infiltration in endometriosis. Next, we confirm that lactate is pivotal factor that drives macrophage M2‐polarization to promote endometriotic stromal cells invasion in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we also identify that the activation of Mettl3 and its target gene Trib1 promote M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, we also demonstrate that Trib1 induce M2 macrophage polarization via the activation of ERK/STAT3 signalling pathway. Finally, by injecting 2‐DG into endometriosis mice model, we show that the restrain of glycolysis significantly reduces the progression of endometriosis, which provides evidence for lactate as a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of endometriosis.
Fabrication and phase transition of uranium‐doped LaxGd2−xZr2O7 transparent ceramics: A prospective neutron detection material
Authors: Chen Yao , Ye Yucheng , Liao Wenlong , Lai Xiangpeng , Cheng Gang , Zhu Xinghua , Shi Yanli , Qi Jianqi , Lu Tiecheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVia vacuum sintering, 2 mol% uranium‐doped LaxGd2−xZr2O7 (x = 2, 1.6, 1, and 0.4) transparent ceramics with Ca2+ as charge compensator was first fabricated by solid‐state reaction. X‐ray diffraction results of as‐prepared powders and ceramic samples demonstrate that the phase transition from defective fluorite to pyrochlore occurs with the increase of x. Optical in‐line transmittance spectrum shows that four ceramic samples have good in‐line transmittance (nearly 80% from 700 to 2200 nm), especially the U:La1.6Gd0.4Zr2O7 ceramics. The cut‐off wavelength of four U‐doped transparent ceramics shifted from 250 to near 460 nm, and it is believed that such phenomenon is related to the stable existence form of uranium in ceramics lattices. Observing the excitation emission spectra, the main excitation peaks of four ceramic samples are located at 458 nm, and the main emission peaks are located around 513 nm. In addition, there are low‐intensity emission peaks around 520, 537, and 566 nm, and the related explanation is given in combination with the U6+ ion energy level diagram. Thus, uranium‐doped LaxGd2−xZr2O7 transparent ceramics have potential for novel neutron detection materials.
The hemodynamic effect of simulated atrial fibrillation on left ventricular function
Authors: Stojadinović Predrag , Deshraju Aslesha , Wichterle Dan , Fukunaga Masato , Peichl Petr , Kautzner Josef , Šramko Marek 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in humans. The onset of the arrhythmia can significantly impair cardiac function. This hemodynamic deterioration has been explained by several mechanisms such as the loss of atrial contraction, shortening of ventricular filling, or heart rhythm irregularity. This study sought to evaluate the relative hemodynamic contribution of each of these components during in vivo simulated human AF.MethodsTwelve patients undergoing catheter ablation for paroxysmal AF were paced simultaneously from the proximal coronary sinus and the His bundle region according to prescribed sequences of irregular R−R intervals with the average rate of 90 and 130 bpm, which were extracted from the database of digital ECG recordings of AF from other patients. The simulated AF was compared to regular atrial pacing with spontaneous atrioventricular conduction and regular simultaneous atrioventricular pacing at the same heart rate. Beat‐by‐beat left atrial and left ventricular pressures, including LV dP/dT and Tau index were assessed by direct invasive measurement; beat‐by‐beat stroke volume and cardiac output (index) were assessed by simultaneous pulse‐wave doppler intracardiac echocardiography.ResultsSimulated AF led to significant impairment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Both loss of atrial contraction and heart rate irregularity significantly contributed to hemodynamic impairment. This effect was pronounced with increasing heart rate.ConclusionOur findings strengthen the rationale for therapeutic strategies aiming at rhythm control and heart rate regularization in patients with AF.
Mechanism and management of leaks arising after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC)
Authors: Charate Rishi , Ahmed Adnan , Aedma Surya K. , Singh Vasvi , Garg Jalaj , Pothineni Naga V. K. , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Natale Andrea , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article reviews the latest available data in regard to the diagnosis, management, and intervention of both central and peri‐device leaks that arise after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). The aim of this article is to have a better understanding of both addressing leaks arising after LAAC, and which interventions and closure methods are best served for each type of residual leak based on etiology, size, and operator experience.
Female wound records suggest mating periods for the Caribbean reef shark at an insular marine protected area from the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Rangel Bianca S. , Afonso André S. , Garla Ricardo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite being one of the most abundant, economically significant, reef‐associated shark species, little is known about the reproductive aspects of the Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi). In the present study the authors report the first evidence of mating wounds and scars in female Caribbean reef sharks at the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, a remote marine protected area in the South Atlantic Ocean. Data from four females suggest this species mates mainly during the austral summer, between February and March. Given that the archipelago has been previously described as a nursery ground for the Caribbean reef shark, these results add information about the reproductive cycle of this species in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean.
Efficacy of keverprazan for duodenal ulcer: A phase II randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐controlled trial
Authors: Tan Nian‐di , Liu Xiao‐wei , Liu Cheng‐xia , Li Sheng‐bao , Chen Hong‐hui , Li Xing , Wu Hao , Liao Ai‐Jun , Zhen Yan‐bo , Shen Peng‐zhen , Huo Li‐juan , Liu Hong‐ling , Shi Rui‐hua , Zhang Bing‐qiang , Zhang Zhen‐yu , Wang Jian‐ning , Zhan Qiang , Deng Hong , Shu Xu , Tuo Bi‐guang , Wang Qi‐zhi , Du Shi‐yu , Qi Ling‐zhi , Zhang Guo‐xin , Peng Qiong , Wang Bang‐mao , Ye Bin , Chen Min‐hu , Xiao Ying‐lian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimConsidering the limitation of varying acid suppression of proton pump inhibitors, this study was aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and dose–effect relationship of keverprazan, a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, in the treatment of duodenal ulcer (DU) compared with lansoprazole.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, multicenter, low‐dose, high‐dose, and positive‐drug parallel‐controlled study was conducted to verify the non‐inferiority of keverprazan (20 or 30 mg) to lansoprazole of 30 mg once daily for 4 to 6 weeks and dose–effect relationship of keverprazan in the treatment of patients with active DU confirmed by endoscopy.ResultsOf the 180 subjects randomized, including 55 cases in the keverprazan_20 mg group, 61 cases in the keverprazan_30 mg group, and 64 cases in the lansoprazole_30 mg group, 168 subjects (93.33%) completed the study. The proportions of healed DU subjects in the keverprazan_20 mg, keverprazan_30 mg, and lansoprazole_30 mg groups were respectively 87.27%, 90.16%, and 79.69% at week 4 (P = 0.4595) and were respectively 96.36%, 98.36%, and 92.19% at week 6 (P = 0.2577). The incidence of adverse events in the keverprazan_20 mg group was lower than that in the lansoprazole_30 mg (P = 0.0285) and keverprazan_30 mg groups (P = 0.0398).ConclusionsKeverprazan was effective and non‐inferior to lansoprazole in healing DU. Based on the comparable efficacy and safety data, keverprazan of 20 mg once daily is recommended for the follow‐up study of acid‐related disorders. (Trial registration number: ChiCTR2100043455.)