bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between multimorbidity, obesity and functional impairment in older adults
Authors: Lynch David H. , Petersen Curtis L. , Fanous Marco M. , Spangler Hillary B. , Kahkoska Anna R. , Jimenez Daniel , Batsis John A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeclining mortality rates and an aging population have contributed to increasing rates of multimorbidity (MM) in the United States. MM is strongly associated with a decline in physical function. Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of MM, and its prevalence continues to rise. Our study aimed to evaluate the associations between obesity, MM, and rates of functional limitations in older adults.MethodsWe analyzed body mass index (BMI) and self‐reported comorbidity data from 7261 individuals aged ≥60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005–2014. Weight status was defined based on standard BMI categories. MM was defined as 2 or more comorbidities, while functional limitations were self‐reported. Adjusted logistic regression quantified the association between standard BMI categories and MM. We also examined the difference in the prevalence of limitations between those with and without MM.ResultsThe overall proportion of individuals with concomitant MM and obesity was 27.0%. Compared to a normal BMI, older adults with obesity had higher odds of MM (Prevalence odds ratio 1.79, 95% CI 1.49, 2.12). Overall, 67.5% of patients with MM also reported a functional limitation, with rates of functional limitation increasing with increasing BMI. When evaluating functional limitations in those with MM by BMI class, 90% of patients classified as severely obese (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) with MM also had a concomitant functional limitation.ConclusionsCompared to normal weight status, obesity is associated with an increased burden of MM and functional limitation among older adults. Our results underscore the importance of identifying and addressing obesity, MM, and functional limitation patterns and the need for evidence‐based interventions that address all three conditions in this population.
Risk of primary liver cancer in acute hepatic porphyria patients: A matched cohort study of 1244 individuals
Authors: Lissing Mattias , Vassiliou Daphne , Floderus Ylva , Harper Pauline , Bottai Matteo , Kotopouli Marianna , Hagström Hannes , Sardh Eliane , Wahlin Staffan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe acute hepatic porphyrias (AHP) are associated with a risk of primary liver cancer (PLC), but risk estimates are unclear, and what AHP characteristics that predict PLC risk are unknown. In this register‐based, matched cohort study, we assessed the PLC risk in relation to biochemical and clinical porphyria severity, genotype, age, and sex.MethodsAll patients in the Swedish porphyria register with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), variegate porphyria (VP), or hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) during 1987‒2015 were included. This AHP cohort was compared with age‐, sex‐, and county‐matched reference individuals from the general population. National register‐based hospital admissions for AHP were used to indicate the clinical severity. For AIP, the most common AHP type, patients were stratified by genotype and urinary porphobilinogen (U‐PBG). Incident PLC data were collected from national health registers.ResultsWe identified 1244 individuals with AHP (1063 [85%] AIP). During a median follow‐up of 19.5 years, we identified 108 incident PLC cases, including 83 AHP patients (6.7%) and 25 of 12,333 reference individuals (0.2%). The adjusted hazard ratio for AHP‐PLC was 38.0 (95% confidence interval: 24.3‒59.3). Previously elevated U‐PBG and hospitalizations for porphyria, but not AIP genotype or sex, were associated with increased PLC risk. Patients aged >50 years with previously elevated U‐PBG (n = 157) had an annual PLC incidence of 1.8%.ConclusionThis study confirmed a high PLC risk and identified a strong association with clinical and biochemical AIP activity. Regular PLC surveillance is motivated in patients older than 50 years with a history of active AIP.
Who is the hardest to wake up from sleep? An investigation of self‐reported sleep inertia using a latent profile analysis
Authors: Ma Zijuan , Chen Xiao‐Yan , Wang Dongfang , Zhu Zhiyi , Niu Haiquan , Huang Shuiqing , Zhou Xiuzhu , Yang Zheng , Fan Fang 
Published: February 2022

SummaryFew studies have assessed the overall nature and profiles of subjective sleep inertia (SI) within the general population. This study was designed to identify subjective SI profiles and examine the associations between profiles of subjective SI with sociodemographic and sleep‐related characteristics. A total of 11 colleges and universities were surveyed from May 30 to June 17, 2021, by convenience sampling. A total of 1,240 participants provided usable data regarding sociodemographic information, Sleep Inertia Questionnaire, and sleep‐related characteristics via an online platform. Latent profile analysis was utilised to identify profiles of SI. Multinomial logistic regression was further performed to examine the predisposing factors of profiles of SI. Four profiles of SI were identified: (1) “Low SI”, 20%; (2) “Mild SI”, 31%; (3) “Moderate SI”, 33%; and (4) “Severe SI”, 16%. Compared to a Low SI profile, younger, individuals with an evening chronotype, and individuals who had <6 h sleep/night, experienced poor sleep quality, and moderate‐to‐severe sleep disturbance were at increased risk of experiencing severe SI. Individuals with more languid types tended to show more severe SI, while individuals reporting greater flexibility experienced less SI. This study is the first effort to examine the profiles of subjective SI using latent profile analysis and identified four profiles of SI in the general population. This effort may contribute to a greater understanding of SI, including the development of a screening tool and interventions to reduce SI.
Floral resources shape parasite and pathogen dynamics in bees facing urbanization
Authors: Cohen Hamutahl , Ponisio Lauren C. , Russell Kaleigh A. , Philpott Stacy M. , McFrederick Quinn S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUrbanization is associated with increases in impervious land cover, which alters the distribution of resources available to wildlife and concentrates activity in unbuilt spaces such as parks and gardens. How resource shifts alter the dynamics of parasite and pathogen transmission has not been addressed for many important species in urban systems. We focus on urban gardens, resource‐rich “islands” within the urban matrix, to examine how the availability of floral resources at local and landscape scales influences the prevalence of six RNA viruses and three parasites in honey bees and bumble bees. Because parasites and pathogens are transmitted at flowers between visitors, we expected that floral abundance would concentrate bees within gardens, amplifying infection rates in pollinators, unless increases in floral resources would enhance bee diversity enough to dilute transmission. We found that garden size and flowering perennial plant abundance had a positive, direct effect on parasite and pathogen richness in bumble bees, suggesting that resource provisioning amplifies transmission. We also found that parasitism rates in honey bees were positively associated with parasites and pathogens in bumble bees, suggesting spillover between species. Encouragingly, we found evidence that management may mitigate parasitism through indirect effects: garden size had a positive impact on bee diversity, which in turn was negatively associated with parasite and pathogen richness in bumble bees. Unexpectedly, we observed that that parasite and pathogen richness in honey bees had no significant predictors, highlighting the complexity of comparing transmission dynamics between species. Although floral resources provide bees with food, we suggest more research on the tradeoffs between resource provisioning and disease transmission to implement conservation plantings in changing landscapes.
Metabolism is a major driver of hydrogen isotope fractionation recorded in tree‐ring glucose of Pinus nigra
Authors: Wieloch Thomas , Grabner Michael , Augusti Angela , Serk Henrik , Ehlers Ina , Yu Jun , Schleucher Jürgen 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Stable isotope abundances convey valuable information about plant physiological processes and underlying environmental controls. Central gaps in our mechanistic understanding of hydrogen isotope abundances impede their widespread application within the plant and biogeosciences.

To address these gaps, we analysed intramolecular deuterium abundances in glucose of Pinus nigra extracted from an annually resolved tree‐ring series (1961–1995).

We found fractionation signals (i.e. temporal variability in deuterium abundance) at glucose H1 and H2 introduced by closely related metabolic processes. Regression analysis indicates that these signals (and thus metabolism) respond to drought and atmospheric CO2 concentration beyond a response change point. They explain ≈ 60% of the whole‐molecule deuterium variability. Altered metabolism is associated with below‐average yet not exceptionally low growth.

We propose the signals are introduced at the leaf level by changes in sucrose‐to‐starch carbon partitioning and anaplerotic carbon flux into the Calvin–Benson cycle. In conclusion, metabolism can be the main driver of hydrogen isotope variation in plant glucose.
The nonlinear and asymetric pass‐through effect of crude oil prices on inflation
Authors: Altunöz Utku 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper examines pass‐through of crude oil prices on consumer prices index (CPI) and producer prices index (PPI) in Turkey in the augmented Phillips curve context by applying ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) and NARDL (non‐linear ARDL) models. The results show that the effects of volatility in crude oil prices to Turkey’s consumer price index and producer prices index are not symmetrical in the long run. The long‐term effects of the increase in international oil prices consumer price index and producer prices index are higher than the case where international oil prices show reduction. When compared to ARDL model, NARDL model reveals more significant results that are required to consider the asymmetry effect of international oil prices to consumer price index. Moreover, if crude oil prices rise, both indices are affected differently. Therefore, economic authorities in Turkey should adopt different density monetary policy efforts to respond the rise and fall of global oil prices. Focusing on further loosening the control of oil prices and reducing the cartel valuing power of oil enterprises are among the options together with implementing long‐term policies that encourage renewable energy sources.
Give me liberty or give me COVID‐19: How social dominance orientation, right‐wing authoritarianism, and libertarianism explain Americans’ reactions to COVID‐19
Authors: Peng Yilang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile previous research has revealed an ideological divide in Americans’ perceptions of COVID‐19, specific ideological components can additionally explain public reactions to the pandemic. With two surveys—one sample of crowdsourced workers (N = 482) and a nationally representative sample of American adults (N = 7449)—this research investigates how multiple ideological facets simultaneously predict individuals’ reactions to COVID‐19. Results demonstrate that social dominance orientation and libertarianism are two important ideological sources that predict more dismissal of COVID‐19 and less support for government measures. Right‐wing authoritarianism was negatively correlated with COVID‐19 concern and support for government actions, but suppression effects could exist. The effects of ideological variables were largely consistent when trust in science was considered. This study highlights the role of specific ideological components in contributing to the political divide regarding attitudes toward the COVID‐19 pandemic beyond the liberal–conservative identification.
The frontiers of new psychedelic therapies: A survey of sociological themes and issues
Authors: Andrews Timothy , Wright Katie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPsychedelic compounds are on the cusp of being approved by medical regulators for treatment‐resistant mental health disorders. Following promising clinical trials, and as rates of mental ill health rise globally, psychedelic medicine presents a new paradigm for treating depression, anxiety, addiction and post‐traumatic stress disorder. The novelty of psychedelic therapies, the cultural stigma they elicit, and the challenges of regulation and implementation urgently call for a sociological lens onto this emerging field of psychiatry. This article identifies key sociological issues related to the medicalisation of psychedelic‐assisted therapies. It begins with a brief overview of the field's history and current treatment approaches. We then identify and critically examine three areas of sociological interest: the of role advocacy in the advancement of scientific research and the destigmatisation of psychedelics; issues related to the medicalisation and pharmaceuticalisation; and integration into healthcare systems. The challenges and affordances of psychedelics to existing therapeutic models, regulation and monetisation are highlighted, and the socio‐political context of the pharmaceutical industry, research, investment and implementation is examined. Drawing on health science literature in this field, the article offers a sociological lens on clinical psychedelic medicine as an emerging and potentially paradigm shifting field of psychiatry and psychotherapy.
Gender and innovation through an intersectional lens: Re‐imagining academic entrepreneurship in the United States
Authors: Mickey Ethel L. , Smith‐Doerr Laurel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHow to study inequality in innovation? Often, the focus has been gender gaps in patenting. Yet much is missing from our understanding of gendered inequality in innovation with this focus. This review discusses how gender and innovation are intertwined in durable academic inequalities and have implications for who is served by innovation. It summarizes research on gender and race gaps in academic entrepreneurship (including patenting), reasons for those longstanding inequities, and concludes with discussing why innovation gaps matter, including the need to think critically about academic commercialization. And while literature exists on gender gaps in academic entrepreneurship and race gaps in patenting, intersectional analyses of innovation are missing. Black feminist theorists have taught us that gender and race are overlapping and inseparable systems of oppression. We cannot accurately understand inequality in innovation without intersectionality, so this is a serious gap in current research. Intersectional research on gender and innovation is needed across epistemic approaches and methods. From understanding discrimination in academic entrepreneurship to bringing together critical analyses of racial capitalism and academic capitalism, there is much work to do.
ChineseTR: A weakly supervised toponym recognition architecture based on automatic training data generator and deep neural network
Authors: Qiu Qinjun , Xie Zhong , Wang Shu , Zhu Yunqiang , Lv Hairong , Sun Kai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractToponym recognition is used to extract toponyms from natural language texts, which is a fundamental task of ubiquitous geographic information applications. Existing toponym recognition methods with state‐of‐the‐art performance mainly leverage supervised learning (i.e., deep‐learning‐based approaches) with parameters learned from massive, labeled datasets that must be annotated manually. This is a great inconvenience when model training needs to fit different domain texts, especially those of social media messaging. To address this issue, this article proposes a weakly supervised Chinese toponym recognition (ChineseTR) architecture that leverages a training dataset creator that generates training datasets automatically based on word collections and associated word frequencies from various texts and an extension recognizer that employs a basic bidirectional recurrent neural network based on particular features designed for toponym recognition. The results show that the proposed ChineseTR achieves a 0.76 F1 score in a corpus with a 0.718 out‐of‐vocabulary rate and a 0.903 in‐vocabulary rate. All comparative experiments demonstrate that ChineseTR is an effective and scalable architecture that recognizes toponyms.
Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals of brown‐throated sloths (Bradypus variegatus)
Authors: Chagas Carolina Romeiro Fernandes , Lima Caio Filipe da Motta , Hany Lima Gonzalez Irys , Borges Salgado Paula Andrea , Monticelli Cauê , Ramos Patrícia Locosque 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe brown‐throated sloth, Bradypus variegatus, is a common species endemic to South and Central America. Nonetheless, maintaining these animals in captivity can be challenging, and very few institutions manage to do so. The São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation is in a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest in the middle of São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil. This forest fragment has a population of B. variegatus that is geographically isolated and yet to be studied. Assessing the health status of individuals remains difficult due to the lack of reference intervals (RIs) for hematologic and biochemical variables for this species. We aimed to establish hematologic and biochemical RIs in a population of wild B. variegatus living in the largest remnant of Atlantic rainforest in São Paulo city, Brazil. Blood samples from 25 individuals of wild B. variegatus were collected and analyzed for 20 hematologic and 21 biochemical variables, using standard laboratory techniques. Each variable was statistically analyzed according to the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines. The results obtained for each variable were statically analyzed, making it possible to obtain descriptive statistics for all hematologic and biochemical variables. RIs were determined for 16 hematologic variables. During the microscopic analysis, we observed anisocytosis, polychromatophils, Howell‐Jolly bodies, macroplatelets, and reactive lymphocytes. The RIs and descriptive statistics described here establish important baseline numbers that could be essential for the management and treatment of both captive and wild B. variegatus sloths.
Human erythrocyte fragmentation during ex‐vivo pig organ perfusion
Authors: Habibabady Zahra A. , Sendil Selin , Ellett Felix , Pollok Franziska , Elias Gabriela F. , French Beth M. , Sun Wenji , Braileanu Gheorghe , Burdorf Lars , Irimia Daniel , Pierson Richard N. , Azimzadeh Agnes M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPlatelet sequestration is a common process during organ reperfusion after transplantation. However, instead of lower platelet counts, when using traditional hemocytometers and light microscopy, we observed physiologically implausible platelet counts in the course of ex‐vivo lung and liver xenograft organ perfusion studies. We employed conventional flow cytometry (FC) and imaging FC (AMINS ImageStream X) to investigate the findings and found platelet‐sized fragments in the circulation that are mainly derived from red blood cell membranes. We speculate that this erythrocyte fragmentation contributes to anemia during in‐vivo organ xenotransplant.
Linkages between nitrogen cycling, nitrogen isotopes, and environmental properties in paleo-lake basins
Authors: Xia Liuwen , Cao Jian , Stüeken Eva E. , Hu Wenxuan , Zhi Dongming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe linkages between nitrogen cycling, nitrogen isotopes, and environmental properties are fundamental for reconstructing nitrogen biogeochemistry. While the impact of ocean redox changes on nitrogen isotopes is relatively well understood, it is poorly known how nitrogen responds to changes in pH and salinity. To fill the knowledge gap, we explore the effects of these environmental parameters using a well-controlled set of samples from Carboniferous–Paleogene lake sediments in China. Our results show that the threshold of 10–12‰ in δ15N works to distinguish alkaline (pH &gt; 9) from circum-neutral conditions. Elevated Mo levels in the alkaline samples support the idea of NH3 volatilization from a reducing water column in an alkaline setting. For non-alkaline lakes, δ15N values tend to be higher (up to +10‰) in more saline, anoxic settings, which is attributed to either the expansion of stagnant anoxic waters spurring water-column denitrification or a shift from plant-based toward more microbially dominated ecosystems or both. Our results imply that salinity-induced redox stratification and basicity can alter nitrogen biogeochemical cycling beyond what is shown by the marine nitrogen isotope record alone. This finding will result in an improved understanding of the dynamic controls of δ15N in sediments and lead to better biogeochemical interpretations of paleo-environmental conditions from unknown environmental settings on Earth and beyond Earth.
Eocene dike orientations across the Washington Cascades in response to a major strike-slip faulting episode and ridge-trench interaction
Authors: Miller Robert B. , Bryant Kathleen I. , Doran Brigid , Eddy Michael P. , Raviola Franco P. , Sylva Nicholas , Umhoefer Paul J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The northern Cascade Mountains in Washington (USA) preserve an exceptional shallow to mid-crustal record of Eocene transtension marked by dextral strike-slip faulting, intrusion of dike swarms and plutons, rapid non-marine sedimentation, and ductile flow and rapid cooling in parts of the North Cascades crystalline core. Transtension occurred during ridge-trench interaction with the formation of a slab window, and slab rollback and break-off occurred shortly after collision of the Siletzia oceanic plateau at ca. 50 Ma. Dike swarms intruded a ≥1250 km2 region between ca. 49.3 Ma and 44.9 Ma, and orientations of more than 1500 measured dikes coupled with geochronologic data provide important snapshots of the regional strain field. The mafic Teanaway dikes are the southernmost and most voluminous of the swarms. They strike NE (mean = 036°) and average ~15 m in thickness. To the north, rhyolitic to basaltic dikes overlap spatially with 49.3–46.5 Ma, mainly granodioritic plutons, but they typically predate the nearby plutons by ca. 500 k.y. The average orientations of five of the six dike domains range from 010° to 058°; W-NW–to NW–striking dikes characterize one domain and are found in lesser amounts in a few other domains. Overall, the mean strike for all Eocene dikes is 035°, and the average extension direction (305°–125°) is oblique to the strike (~320°) of the North Cascades orogen. Extension by diking reached ~45% in one &gt;7-km-long transect through the Teanaway swarm and ranged from ~5% to locally ~79% in shorter transects across other swarms, which corresponds to a minimum of ~12 km of extension.
The dominant NE-striking dikes are compatible with the dextral motion on the N- to NW-striking (~355–320°) regional strike-slip faults. Some of the W–NW- to NW-striking dikes were arguably influenced by pre-existing faults, shear fractures, and foliations, and potentially in one swarm where both NE- and lesser W-NW–striking dikes are present, by a switch in principal stress axes induced by dike emplacement. Alternatively, the W-NW–to NW-striking dikes may reflect a younger regional strain field, as ca. 49.3–47.5 Ma U-Pb zircon ages of the NE-striking dikes are older than those of the few dated W-NW–to NW-trending dikes. In one scenario, NE-striking dikes intruded during an interval when strain mainly reflected dextral strike-slip faulting, and the younger dikes record a switch to more arc-normal extension. Diking ended as magmatism migrated into a N-S–trending belt west of the North Cascades core that marks the initiation of the ancestral Cascade arc.