bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unitarity and quantum resolution of gravitational singularities
Authors: Gielen Steffen , Menéndez-Pidal Lucía 
Published: June 2022

Here, we explore the consequences of requiring that quantum theories of gravity be unitary, mostly focusing on simple cosmological models to illustrate the main points. We show that unitarity for a clock that encounters a classical singularity at finite time implies quantum singularity resolution, but for a clock that encounters future infinity at finite time leads to a quantum recollapse. We then find that our starting point — assuming the general covariance of general relativity — is actually incompatible with general quantum unitarity: singularity resolution in quantum gravity can always be engineered by choosing the right clock, or avoided by using a different one.
Study on Sunshine Stress Effect of Long-Span and Wide Concrete Box Girder
Authors: Cheng Wang , Chentian Zhang , Shuo Li , Jianhua Li 
Published: June 2022

In order to further clarify the sunshine stress effect of long-span and wide concrete box girder, the study selected a concrete box girder with

4
×
42

m

span and 33.5 m width, formed the temperature field load through a field test and numerical simulation, established a numerical analysis model by using the finite element program of ANSYS, and comprehensively analyzed the longitudinal temperature stress distribution of a long-span and wide concrete box girder under sunshine. The midspan section of the first span of the box girder is selected for field stress measure, and the field measure results and numerical analysis results are compared and analyzed. The research shows that the results of field measurement and numerical simulation are basically consistent. Sunshine temperature has a great influence on long-span and wide concrete box girder, which should be paid enough attention.
SETDB1 Restrains Endogenous Retrovirus Expression and Antitumor Immunity during Radiotherapy
Authors: Pan Dong , Bao Xuhui , Hu Mengjie , Jiao Meng , Li Fang , Li Chuan-Yuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The type I interferon response plays a pivotal role in promoting antitumor immune activity in response to radiotherapy. The identification of approaches to boost the radiation-induced type I interferon response could help improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. Here we show that the histone methyltransferase SETDB1 is a potent suppressor of radiation-induced endogenous retrovirus expression. SETDB1 inhibition significantly enhanced the efficacy of radiotherapy by promoting radiation-induced viral mimicry to upregulate type I interferons. SETDB1 expression correlated with radiotherapy efficacy in human non–small cell carcinoma and melanoma patients. In a murine tumor model, genetic deletion of Setdb1 significantly enhanced radiotherapy efficacy, and Setdb1-deficient tumors had enhanced intratumoral lymphocyte infiltration, an observation confirmed in human cancer samples. Setdb1 deficiency led to increased basal and radiation-induced endogenous retrovirus (ERV) expression, enhanced MDA5/MAVS signaling, and upregulated type I interferons, which were essential for SETDB1 deficiency–induced radiosensitization. Taken together, these data suggest that inhibition of SETDB1 is a promising approach to enhance cancer radiotherapy efficacy by promoting radiation-induced viral mimicry and antitumor immunity through ERV induction.

Significance:
The identification of the SETDB1-mediated suppression of radiotherapy-induced viral mimicry reveals SETDB1 inhibition as a potential approach to sensitize tumors to radiotherapy by enhancing the type I interferon response.
Intracellular Acetyl CoA Potentiates the Therapeutic Efficacy of Antitumor CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Chowdhury Snehanshu , Kar Anwesha , Bhowmik Debaleena , Gautam Anupam , Basak Debashree , Sarkar Ishita , Ghosh Puspendu , Sarkar Deborpita , Deka Alvina , Chakraborty Paramita , Mukhopadhyay Asima , Mehrotra Shikhar , Basak Soumen , Paul Sandip , Chatterjee Shilpak 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Effector CD8+ T cells rely primarily on glucose metabolism to meet their biosynthetic and functional needs. However, nutritional limitations in the tumor microenvironment can cause T-cell hyporesponsiveness. Therefore, T cells must acquire metabolic traits enabling sustained effector function at the tumor site to elicit a robust antitumor immune response. Here, we report that IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells have elevated intracellular acetyl CoA levels and can maintain IFNγ levels in nutrient-deprived, tumor-conditioned media (TCM). Pharmacological and metabolic analyses demonstrated an active glucose–citrate–acetyl CoA circuit in IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells supporting an intracellular pool of acetyl CoA in an ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY)–dependent manner. Intracellular acetyl CoA levels enhanced histone acetylation, lipid synthesis, and IFNγ production, improving the metabolic and functional fitness of CD8+ T cells in tumors. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of ACLY severely impaired IFNγ production and viability of CD8+ T cells in nutrient-restricted conditions. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells cultured in high pyruvate–containing media in vitro acquired critical metabolic features of IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells and displayed improved antitumor potential upon adoptive transfer in murine lymphoma and melanoma models. Overall, this study delineates the metabolic configuration of CD8+ T cells required for stable effector function in tumors and presents an affordable approach to promote the efficacy of CD8+ T cells for adoptive T-cell therapy.

Significance:
IL12-mediated metabolic reprogramming increases intracellular acetyl CoA to promote the effector function of CD8+ T cells in nutrient-depleted tumor microenvironments, revealing strategies to potentiate the antitumor efficacy of T cells.
Editorial: Focus feature on biomarkers in network neuroscience
Authors: Douw Linda , Senden Mario , van den Heuvel Martijn 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There is an ongoing need for novel biomarkers in clinical neuroscience, as diagnosis of neurological and psychiatric disorders is hampered by the pronounced overlap of behavioral symptoms and other pathophysiological characteristics. The question that this Focus Feature puts center stage is whether network-based biomarkers may provide a viable tool for distinguishing between disordered populations or whether they may yield only limited differentiating power because of largely shared network characteristics across conditions.
What Has Esther to Do with Qumran?
Authors: Brown-deVost Bronson 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article investigates some of the previous claims that have been made for the knowledge of the book of Esther at Qumran. Following the recent advances in the study of textual allusion and re-use, it is no longer tenable to posit any reference to or knowledge of Esther within the writings from Qumran. In addition, it is argued that the one case where a relationship to Esther seemed most certain is better explained amongst other literary references to Amos.
Yoga Teachers on Consuming Animals
Authors: Mace Jenny L. , McCulloch Steven P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Yoga is a spiritual discipline originating from ancient India. Most notably, yoga has links with Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. This research explores UK yoga teachers’ attitudes toward plant-based diets and beliefs about the moral status of farmed animals. It uses qualitative interviews as the second phase of a mixed-methodology study. In the first phase, an online questionnaire found that over two thirds of UK yoga teachers believed a plant-based diet was most aligned with their yoga practice due to the teaching of ahimsa, or non-harm. Nevertheless, over 70 % were not following a plant-based diet. Interviews revealed this dissonance was related to views about the necessity of consuming animal products for health, especially when pregnant, breastfeeding, or nourishing growing children. The communal nature of eating also meant that family moderated dietary ideals. Interviews further revealed an alternative conception of ahimsa, permitting the consumption of animals in order to prioritize personal non-harm.
Description of Crustorhabditis dunicola n. sp. (Rhabditida, Mesorhabditidae) from coastal dunes in Spain, including the first SEM study of a representative of the genus
Authors: Ruiz-Cuenca Alba N. , Abolafia Joaquín 
Published: June 2022

Summary
One new species of the genus Crustorhabditis, C. dunicola n. sp., found in sand coastal dunes from Spain, is described. The new species is characterised by having body 0.60-0.88 mm long, lips separated and more acute toward oral opening, labial sensilla seta-like and cephalic sensilla papilliform, amphid openings oval, stoma tubular with glottoid apparatus bearing two long acute teeth per glottis, pharynx with metacorpus swollen, nerve ring surrounding the isthmus, excretory pore at level of the basal bulb, female reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic with post-vulval uterine sac absent, vulva very posterior, rectum 1.2-1.9 times anal body width long, female tail elongate with short conoid proximal part and almost filiform distal part with thinner hyaline terminus, female phasmids located at level of the anus, bursa peloderan with velum anteriorly open and ten pairs of bursal papillae (GP1-GP2/GP3-GP6+ph+GP7-GP9), spicules 34-43 μm long and fused at two-thirds of their length, and gubernaculum 19-31 μm long. The genus Crustorhabditis is recorded for the first time from the Iberian Peninsula, with the first SEM study of a representative of the genus. Finally, keys to species identification of this genus are also included.
Development of cost-effective media for the in vitro liquid culture of entomopathogenic nematodes
Authors: Dunn Murray D. , Belur Prasanna D. , Malan Antoinette P. 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are successful biological control agents of a variety of soilborne insect pests. They have the potential to be mass-produced, using in vitro liquid culture technology, and can be formulated and sold as a biopesticide. To commercialise an EPN-based biopesticide successfully, the method of liquid mass production requires in-depth optimisation to reduce the cost of production and to increase yields, to make it affordable to the farming community. This study attempted to optimise the liquid culture protocol for the South African isolates, Steinernema jeffreyense and S. yirgalemense, by investigating the impact of cheaper medium ingredients on the recovery and yield of the liquid culture process. Studies were conducted by investigating alternative protein, lipid and nitrogen/yeast sources, compared to the more expensive laboratory-grade ingredients currently used. The results showed that egg yolk has no impact on the yield in the case of S. jeffreyense. However, for S. yirgalemense, egg yolk was shown to be a superior protein source to soy and insect-based protein in terms of nematode yield. Moreover, neither canola oil nor olive oil showed a significant difference in the yield of S. yirgalemense, with yeast extract being found to be the optimal nitrogen/yeast source. When comparing the yields with those in other liquid culture research on S. yirgalemense, yields have been successfully increased by 300%, with the cost of the nematode nutrient medium having decreased by 77%. Thus, it is imperative that, prior to a scale up to large bioreactors, the nutrient medium should be optimised to reduce the cost of production.
Modeling the Shallow Cumulus-Topped Boundary Layer at Gray Zone Resolutions
Authors: Wang Yahua , Cheng Xiaoping , Fei Jianfang , Zhou Bowen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study investigates simulated fair-weather shallow cumulus-topped boundary layer (SCTBL) on kilometer- and subkilometer-scale horizontal resolutions, also known as the numerical gray zone of boundary layer turbulence. Based on a priori analysis of a simulated classic SCTBL with large-eddy simulation, its gray zone scale is determined. The dominant length scale of the cloud layer (CL) is found to be the effective cloud diameter, while that of the underlying mixed layer (ML) is the size of organized convection. The two scales are linked by a simple geometric argument based on vertically coherent updrafts, and are quantified through spectral analysis. Comparison to a simulated dry convective boundary layer (CBL) further reveals that the ML gray zone scale does not differentiate between clear and cloudy conditions with the same bulk stability. A posteriori simulations are then performed over a range of resolutions to evaluate the performance of a recently developed scale-adaptive planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme. Simulation results suggest indifferences to the scale-adaptive capability. Detailed analyses of flux partition reveal that, in the absence of a shallow cumulus scheme, overly energetic resolved fluxes develop in the CL at gray zone and coarse resolutions, and are responsible for overpredicted resolved convection in the ML. These results suggest that modifications are needed for scale-adaptive PBL schemes under shallow cumulus-topped conditions.

Significance Statement
Shallow cumulus (ShCu) clouds play an important role in the dynamical and radiative processes of the atmospheric boundary layer. As the grid resolution of modern numerical weather prediction models approach kilometer and subkilometer scales, also known as the gray zone, accurate modeling of ShCu clouds becomes challenging due to difficulties in their parameterization. This study identifies the spatial scale that sets the gray zone of ShCu clouds, providing the key to building better parameterizations. Performance of existing parameterizations developed for clear-sky conditions is evaluated for cloudy conditions, exposing deficiencies and motivating further development.
A Constant Pressure Upper Boundary Formulation for Models Employing Height-Based Vertical Coordinates
Authors: Klemp J. B. , Skamarock W. C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For the numerical simulation of atmospheric flows that extend as high as the thermosphere, it is more appropriate to represent the upper boundary of the model domain as a material surface at constant pressure rather than one characterized by a rigid lid. Consequently, in adapting the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) for geospace applications, a modification of the height-based vertical coordinate is presented that permits the coordinate surfaces at upper levels to transition toward a constant pressure surface at the model’s upper boundary. This modification is conceptually similar to a terrain-following coordinate at low levels, but now modifies the coordinate surfaces at upper levels to conform to a constant pressure surface at the model top. Since this surface is evolving in time, the height of the upper boundary is adaptively adjusted to follow a designated constant pressure upper surface. This is accomplished by applying the hydrostatic equation to estimate the change in height along the boundary that is consistent with the vertical pressure gradient at the model top. This alteration in the vertical coordinate requires only minor modifications and little additional computational expense to the original height-based time-invariant terrain-following vertical coordinate employed in MPAS. The viability of this modified vertical coordinate formulation has been verified in a 2D prototype of MPAS for an idealized case of upper-level diurnal heating.

Significance Statement
Most atmospheric numerical models that use a height-based vertical coordinate employ a rigid lid at the top of the model domain. While a rigid lid works well for applications in the troposphere and stratosphere, it is not well suited for applications extending into the thermosphere where significant vertical expansion/contraction occurs due to deep heating/cooling of the atmosphere. This paper develops and tests a simple modification to the height-based coordinate formulation that allows the height of the upper boundary to adaptively follow a constant pressure surface. This added flexibility in the treatment of the upper domain boundary for height-based models may be particularly beneficial in facilitating their transition to a deep atmosphere configuration without significant retooling of the model numerics.
Regional Comparison of Diabetes Psychosocial Comorbidities Among Americans With Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abdoli Samereh , Odoi Evah , Doosti-Irani Mehri , Fanti Paulo , Beebe Lora Humphrey 
Published: June 2022

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare diabetes psychosocial comorbidities among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) across the United States during the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Adults with T1D from 4 main US geographic regions including South (n = 367), West (n = 234), Northeast (n = 250), and Midwest (n = 247) completed a cross-sectional online survey between April and June 2020. Data collection was done on psychosocial measures, glycemic variability, sociodemographic characteristics, and various challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Kruskal-Wallis tests, ordinary least squares, proportional odds, and ordinal logistic regression methods were used for data analysis. Results In the South, 51.2% of participants had moderate to high levels of diabetes distress, and this was significantly ( P = .03) higher than other regions. Northeast region had the lowest prevalence of moderate to severe diabetes burnout (19.8%), but this was not significantly different compared to the other regions. Participants in the South had also the highest mean score on the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire, with 30.3% of them reporting moderate to severe depressive symptoms. However, there were no significant differences in depressive symptoms among the regions. Glycemic control, demographic characteristics, and COVID-19-related challenges were associated with different psychosocial comorbidities in different regions. Conclusions When providing information and support to individuals with diabetes in time of crisis like the COVID pandemic, providers should consider psychosocial aspects of diabetes care. Diabetes disparities and contextual factors vary geographically in the United States; these factors may impact the psychosocial comorbidities of diabetes in each region.
Analytical estimation of maximum fraction of infected individuals with one-shot non-pharmaceutical intervention in a hybrid epidemic model
Authors: Fujiwara Naoya , Onaga Tomokatsu , Wada Takayuki , Takeuchi Shouhei , Seto Junji , Nakaya Tomoki , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Facing a global epidemic of new infectious diseases such as COVID-19, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), which reduce transmission rates without medical actions, are being implemented around the world to mitigate spreads. One of the problems in assessing the effects of NPIs is that different NPIs have been implemented at different times based on the situation of each country; therefore, few assumptions can be shared about how the introduction of policies affects the patient population. Mathematical models can contribute to further understanding these phenomena by obtaining analytical solutions as well as numerical simulations.

Methods and results
In this study, an NPI was introduced into the SIR model for a conceptual study of infectious diseases under the condition that the transmission rate was reduced to a fixed value only once within a finite time duration, and its effect was analyzed numerically and theoretically. It was analytically shown that the maximum fraction of infected individuals and the final size could be larger if the intervention starts too early. The analytical results also suggested that more individuals may be infected at the peak of the second wave with a stronger intervention.

Conclusions
This study provides quantitative relationship between the strength of a one-shot intervention and the reduction in the number of patients with no approximation. This suggests the importance of the strength and time of NPIs, although detailed studies are necessary for the implementation of NPIs in complicated real-world environments as the model used in this study is based on various simplifications.
Infantile neurodevelopmental outcome after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: the first prospective experience from Iran
Authors: Mesbah Nazila , Marsousi Vajiheh , Eslamian Laleh , Montazerlotfelahi Hadi , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Hessami Kamran , Jamal Ashraf , Noorzadeh Maryam , Naemi Mahsa , Ghaemi Marjan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
We sought to evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months of age among infants with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) undergoing fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP).

Materials and methods
In this prospective longitudinal study, neurodevelopmental assessment was performed among the infants at the corrected age of 12 months, who were diagnosed with TTTS and treated by FLP. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) was filled out by parents. In the next step in infants with abnormal ASQ, motor and cognitive developments were evaluated by Bayley’s infant and toddler development scoring system (Bayley 3-Third edition).

Results
In 39 FLP procedures the rate of live birth of at least one twin was 73.8%. Four neonatal deaths were recorded, three of which were due to prematurity and one was due to heart anomaly. The ASQ was normal in 89.7% (35/39) of the infants (group I), 5.1% (2/39) had minor neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) (group II), and 5.1% (2/39) had major NDI (group III). The 4 infants with abnormal ASQ had Bayley examination which showed two with mild to moderate cerebral palsy and two had delayed verbal skills and autistic spectrum disorder. No significant difference was noted between survivors with and without NDI with respect to donor or recipient status, birth weight, gestational age at birth, Quintero stage of TTTS. In addition, the relationship between gestational age at the time of undergoing FLC and NDI was not significant.

Conclusion
In our population, minor and major neurodevelopmental impairment were seen in 10.2% of the infants. This information is useful for counseling our couples in this population prior the procedure.