bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative seed fertility maintains hermaphrodites in gynodioeciousDaphne jezoensis: a test of the sex‐differential plasticity hypothesis
Authors: Shibata A. , Kudo G. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTGynodioecy is assumed to be an evolutionary transition from hermaphroditism to dioecy. However, if hermaphrodites can better flexibly regulate seed production depending on resource availability than females,i.e.sex‐differential plasticity (SDP), gynodioecy can be a stable state. In the gynodioecious shrubDaphne jezoensis, hermaphrodites generally exhibit low seed fertility and largely act as males. We examined the SDP hypothesis and the cost of fruit production to clarify whyD. jezoensisdid not evolve into unisexual morphs.We evaluated the size and resource dependency of reproduction in field experiments by manipulating soil nutrient and light conditions. We compared the plant size and pollen production among females, fruiting hermaphrodites and non‐fruiting hermaphrodites. We then analysed the effect of current fruit production on subsequent flower production,i.e.the cost of fruit production.The fruiting ability was independent of plant size and resource availability in both sexual phenotypes, indicating the absence of SDP inD. jezoensis. Hermaphrodites produced larger‐sized pollen and allocated more resources to pollen production in the non‐fruiting year than in the fruiting year. In contrast, the cost of fruit production was not revealed for either sexual phenotype, even in the absence of pollen limitation, and even when fruit production was maximized.SDP could not explain the maintenance of hermaphrodites inD. jezoensis. Alternatively, the lower cost of fruit production in hermaphrodites due to their potentially low fruiting ability may hinder the evolutionary shift to dioecy.
Crystal idioblasts are involved in the anther dehiscence of Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Liu Jing , Bi Baoxia , Tian Guanghua , Li Ziwei , Wang Weirui , Ma Fang , Shi Hongyong , Liu Wenzhe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Nicotiana tabacum, the degeneration of connective tissue and stomium tissue (the stomium and circular cell cluster [CCC]) is essential for anther dehiscence. Both connective cells and CCC cells are crystal idioblasts, and these cells will undergo degeneration after accumulating calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. However, detailed data concerning this process are minimal. Therefore, this study used cellular biological and physiological methods to illustrate this relationship. Results demonstrated that tobacco anther dehiscence is a series of timed programmed cell death (PCD) processes that include the CCC, connective tissue, and stomium. The degenerating crystal idioblasts of the tobacco anther were found to possess two hallmark characteristics that distinguished them from normal PCD cells, namely dynamic changes in CaOx crystals and the appearance of numerous peroxisomes. The accumulation of CaOx and the production of H2O2 occurred simultaneously or successively before PCD. The peak H2O2 content was found to appear after the insoluble oxalate. Further, CeCl3 cytochemistry staining was used to detect subcellular H2O2, and the precipitate of H2O2 was primarily present in peroxisomes and around CaOx crystals. These results show that anther dehiscence in N. tabacum is a PCD process in which crystal idioblasts play a vital role in CaOx degradation and H2O2 production.
Drug‐associated bone resorption with potential dental and implant implications
Authors: Romanos Georgios E. , Vaglica Michael , Sculean Anton 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEvery year more and more innovative pharmacological agents are introduced medicine, to treat systemic diseases. Due to these rapid and recent advancements, many patients are receiving treatment with a high variety of drugs, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, bisphosphonates, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α inhibitors, cyclosporine, and steroids. Since implant and osseous surgery are common treatment modalities used, within dentistry, it is of critical important to acknowledge and discuss the potential effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, bisphosphonates, TNF‐α inhibitors, cyclosporine, and steroids, on bone healing. The present paper discusses the possible detrimental ramifications and risks these drug classes may have on bone healing.
On the edge: habitat restoration priorities for three critically endangered bird species on Sangihe, Indonesia
Authors: Martin Robert W. , Collar Nigel J. , Fauzen Panji , Bashari Hanom , Widyanto Adi , Tasirin John S. , Marsden Stuart J. 
Published: July 2022

Remnant forests on the small Wallacean island of Sangihe north of Sulawesi hold the entire ranges of more critically endangered (CR) bird species than any other comparable area on earth. We develop habitat association models for three of these CR species to identify critical habitat features as well as areas where habitat falls slightly short of suitability, and to determine whether another area of forest away from the largest block might be suitable as an insurance site for a translocated population. Hopes for all three species appear almost totally pinned to forest within a 13 km2 area of the Sahendaruman crater, with virtually no near‐suitable habitat away from this site. There is, however, little overlap in habitats between one CR species and the other two: cerulean flycatcher Eutrichomyias rowleyi is associated with mature streamside forest with full canopy cover, lianas, and mid‐level growth, while Sangihe whistler Coracornis sanghirensis and Sangihe golden bulbul Hypsipetes platenae are restricted to ridgetop forest with full canopy cover and large trees. We pinpoint small areas (around 5 km2) of forest in the crater that are already suitable or can be made so with habitat management, and these are absolute priorities for conservation action. We show how habitat characteristics identified within models might be enhanced, and how features, especially certain tree species, can be used as indicators of future habitat improvement.
Calibrating states' emissions reduction due diligence obligations with reference to the right to life
Authors: McCluskey Susan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe 2017 Advisory Opinion of the Inter‐American Court of Human Rights broke new ground in finding that States' failure to regulate with due diligence the activities taking place within its territory could constitute a breach of the human rights of persons located elsewhere. How might this finding inform the law on prevention of transboundary harm? Similarly, how might it inform an identification of the standard of care required of States in respect of climate change? This article argues that the law on transboundary harm should now be understood as requiring States to regulate the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with stabilizing global warming at a temperature, which, at a minimum, prevents widespread threat to life around the globe. States' differing capacities to invest in mitigation strategies, their varying historic contributions to climate change and the urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions are also factors affecting a reasonable standard of care.
High‐speed running during match‐play before and after return from hamstring injury in professional footballers
Authors: Whiteley Rodney , Gregson Warren , Bahr Roald , Tabben Montassar , Chamari Karim , Lolli Lorenzo , Salvo Valter Di 
Published: July 2022

Hamstring injuries constitute the single largest cause of lost playing time in professional football. While restoring high‐speed running ability is paramount for rehabilitation from these injuries, little evidence exists regarding the extent of return to sport running performance after hamstring injury in football. We examined medical and match performance data available from a sample of 38 professional soccer players competing in the Qatar Stars League (N = 1426 observations) to describe high‐speed running performance during match‐play prior and subsequent to a hamstring strain injury. Multivariable‐adjusted random‐effects generalized additive models estimated post‐ versus pre‐hamstring injury differences in maximal speed (km/h), high‐speed running (>20 km/h), and sprinting (>25 km/h) distance. Mean effects and uncertainty (95% confidence interval, CI) were interpreted against the estimated random match‐to‐match variability in maximal sprinting speed, high‐speed running distance, and sprinting running distance of ±1.67 km/h (95% CI, 1.62–1.72 km/h), ±102 m (95% CI, 99–105 m), and ±60 m (95% CI, 58–61 m), respectively. The estimated post‐ versus pre‐hamstring injury mean differences in maximal sprinting speed, high‐speed running distance, and sprinting running distance primary outcomes were −0.25 km/h (95% CI, −0.38 to −0.12 km/h), −43 m (95% CI, −56 to −30 m), and −22 m (95% CI, −29 to −16 m). Players returning to football match‐play after hamstring strain injury experienced reductions in high‐speed match physical performance that were well within normal match‐to‐match variation in performance.
Outcomes reported in trials of treatments for severe malaria: The need for a core outcome set
Authors: Lampro Lamprini , George Elizabeth C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesMalaria is one of the most important parasitic infectious diseases worldwide. Despite the scale‐up of effective antimalarials, mortality rates from severe malaria (SM) remain significantly high; thus, numerous trials are investigating both antimalarials and adjunctive therapy. This review aimed to summarise all the outcome measures used in trials in the last 10 years to see the need for a core outcome set.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken to summarise outcomes of individually randomised trials assessing treatments for SM in adults and children. We searched key databases and trial registries between 1 January 2010 and 30 July 2020. Non‐randomised trials were excluded to allow comparison of similar trials. Trial characteristics including phase, region, population, interventions, were summarised. All primary and secondary outcomes were extracted and categorised using a taxonomy table.ResultsTwenty‐seven of 282 screened trials met our inclusion criteria, including 10,342 patients from 19 countries: 19 (70%) trials from Africa and 8 (30%) from Asia. A large amount of heterogeneity was observed in the selection of outcomes and instruments, with 101 different outcomes measures recorded, 78/101 reported only in a single trial. Parasitological outcomes (17 studies), neurological status (14 studies), death (14 studies) and temperature (10 studies), were the most reported outcomes. Where an outcome was reported in >1 study it was often measured differently: temperature (4 different measures), renal function (7 measures), nervous system (13 measures) and parasitology (10 measures).ConclusionOutcomes used in SM trials are inconsistent and heterogeneous. Absence of consensus for outcome measures used impedes research synthesis and comparability of different interventions. This systematic review demonstrates the need to develop a standardised collection of core outcomes for clinical trials of treatments for SM and next steps to include the development of a panel of experts in the field, a Delphi process, and a consensus meeting.
IntrauterineHIVexposure is associated with linear growth restriction among Ethiopian children in the first 18 months of life
Authors: Szanyi Joshua , Walles John König , Tesfaye Fregenet , Gudeta Adugna Negussie , Björkman Per 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe role of HIV exposure in determining growth among HIV‐uninfected children is debated. We determined whether intrauterine HIV exposure influences linear growth in a cohort of Ethiopian children followed up to 18 months of age in public health facilities in Adama city, Ethiopia.MethodsParticipants were offspring of pregnant women enrolled in a prospective cohort study that included screening for HIV infection during antenatal care. Growth patterns of HIV‐exposed and uninfected (HEU) and HIV‐unexposed (HU) children were compared up to 18 months of age, with length‐for‐age z‐score (LAZ) and proportion with stunting as primary outcomes. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the associations between HIV exposure and linear growth, controlling for socio‐demographic factors and breastfeeding status.ResultsOf 1705 included infants (164 HEU), 1276 remained in follow‐up at 18 months. Among HIV‐positive mothers, 132 (80.5%) were receiving antiretroviral therapy at enrolment. At the 18‐month visit, mean LAZ was −1.08 among HEU children and −0.74 among HU children (p = 0.052). Proportions of HEU and HU children with stunting at the 18‐month visit were 27.8% and 18.7%, respectively (p = 0.010). In multivariable models, HIV exposure was associated with lower LAZ at all follow‐up visits, and with stunting at the 18‐month visit (adjusted odds ratio 2.29, 95% confidence interval 1.40–3.71). HIV exposure was not associated with weight‐related growth outcomes.ConclusionsHEU children in Ethiopia had inferior linear growth compared with HU children, implying that intrauterine HIV exposure impacts early childhood growth in this setting.
Offline memory replay in recurrent neuronal networks emerges from constraints on online dynamics
Authors: Milstein Aaron D. , Tran Sarah , Ng Grace , Soltesz Ivan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring spatial exploration, neural circuits in the hippocampus store memories of sequences of sensory events encountered in the environment. When sensory information is absent during ‘offline’ resting periods, brief neuronal population bursts can ‘replay’ sequences of activity that resemble bouts of sensory experience. These sequences can occur in either forward or reverse order, and can even include spatial trajectories that have not been experienced, but are consistent with the topology of the environment. The neural circuit mechanisms underlying this variable and flexible sequence generation are unknown. Here we demonstrate in a recurrent spiking network model of hippocampal area CA3 that experimental constraints on network dynamics such as population sparsity, stimulus selectivity, rhythmicity and spike rate adaptation, as well as associative synaptic connectivity, enable additional emergent properties, including variable offline memory replay. In an online stimulus‐driven state, we observed the emergence of neuronal sequences that swept from representations of past to future stimuli on the timescale of the theta rhythm. In an offline state driven only by noise, the network generated both forward and reverse neuronal sequences, and recapitulated the experimental observation that offline memory replay events tend to include salient locations like the site of a reward. These results demonstrate that biological constraints on the dynamics of recurrent neural circuits are sufficient to enable memories of sensory events stored in the strengths of synaptic connections to be flexibly read out during rest and sleep, which is thought to be important for memory consolidation and planning of future behaviour.
imageKey points
A recurrent spiking network model of hippocampal area CA3 was optimized to recapitulate experimentally observed network dynamics during simulated spatial exploration.
During simulated offline rest, the network exhibited the emergent property of generating flexible forward, reverse and mixed direction memory replay events.
Network perturbations and analysis of model diversity and degeneracy identified associative synaptic connectivity and key features of network dynamics as important for offline sequence generation.
Network simulations demonstrate that population over‐representation of salient positions like the site of reward results in biased memory replay.
Simultaneous fall and flow during pyroclastic eruptions: A novel proximal hybrid facies
Authors: Dowey Natasha , Williams Rebecca 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The deposits of Plinian and subplinian eruptions provide critical insights into past volcanic events and inform numerical models that aim to mitigate against future hazards. However, pyroclastic deposits are often considered from either a fallout or pyroclastic density current (PDC) perspective, with little attention given to facies exhibiting characteristics of both processes. Such hybrid units may be created where fallout and PDCs act simultaneously, where a transitional phase between the two occurs, and/or due to reworking. This study presents analysis of a novel hybrid pyroclastic lithofacies found on Tenerife (Canary Islands) and Pantelleria (Italy). The coarse pumice block facies has an openwork texture and correlates with distal Plinian units, but it is cross-stratified and relatively poorly sorted with an erosional base. The facies is proposed to record the simultaneous interaction of very proximal fallout and turbulent PDCs, and it reveals a fuller spectrum of hybrid deposition than previously reported. This work highlights the importance of recognizing hybrid deposition both in the rock record and in hazard modeling.
Ultracold neutron storage in a bottle coated with the fluoropolymer CYTOP
Authors: Neulinger Thomas , Beck Douglas , Connolly Euan , Degenkolb Skyler , Fierlinger Peter , Filter Hanno , Hingerl Jürgen , Nordin Pontus , Saerbeck Thomas , Zimmer Oliver 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe fluoropolymer CYTOP was investigated in order to evaluate its suitability as a coating material for ultracold neutron (UCN) storage vessels. Using neutron reflectometry on CYTOP-coated silicon wafers, its neutron optical potential was measured to be 115.2(2) neV. UCN storage measurements were carried out in a 3.8 l CYTOP-coated aluminum bottle, in which the storage time constant was found to increase from 311(9) s at room temperature to 564(7) s slightly above 10 K. By combining experimental storage data with simulations of the UCN source, the neutron loss factor of CYTOP is estimated to decrease from 1.1(1)$$\times 10^{-4}$$×10-4to 2.7(2)$$\times 10^{-5}$$×10-5at these temperatures, respectively. These results are of particular importance to the next-generation superthermal UCN source SuperSUN, currently under construction at the Institut Laue-Langevin, for which CYTOP is a possible top-surface coating in the UCN production volume.
Serum Zinc Level in Patients with Severe Genital Warts: A Case-Control Study in a Dermatology Hospital
Authors: Luong Thuy Nguyen Dac , Nguyen Chuyen Thi Hong , Firas Al-Niaimi , Van Trung The 
Published: August 2022

Background. Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted disease (STD), and there is no method that completely prevents its recurrence. Recently, zinc has been used in the treatment of cutaneous warts. Nondestructive action, ease of use, and promising results with low chances of relapse were reflected in the treatment. These effects may arise from the immunomodulatory activity of zinc in the event of a viral infection. Objectives. This study was aimed at identifying the relationship between the serum zinc level and the clinical characteristics of patients with genital warts. Materials and Methods. A case-control study was conducted. Genital warts were diagnosed by clinical examination, and disease severity was demonstrated based on the number of affected sites or the spread of lesions. The serum zinc level was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results. A total of 78 patients with genital warts and 78 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. The mean serum zinc level in the genital wart group was lower than that in the control group (

81.83
±
13.99

μg/dL vs.

86.66
±
17.58

μg/dL); however, this difference was not statistically significant (

P
>
0.05

). The mean concentrations of serum zinc in patients having more than one affected site,

spread
>
2

cm2, or ten or more lesions were significantly lower than those of the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. The results suggested that severe genital warts may be associated with a low serum zinc level in patients.
CircIPO7 Promotes Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Metastasis and Cisplatin Chemoresistance by Facilitating YBX1 Nuclear Localization
Authors: Hong Xiaohong , Li Qian , Li Junyan , Chen Kailin , He Qingmei , Zhao Yuheng , Liang Yelin , Zhao Yin , Qiao Han , Liu Na , Ma Jun , Li Yingqin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy effectively improves the distant-metastasis control in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but approximately 30% of patients develop treatment failure due to chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Experimental Design:
Circular RNA (circRNA) sequencing data were used to identify metastasis-specific circRNAs and the expression of circIPO7 was validated in NPC tissues as well as NPC cell lines by qRT-PCR. The whole transcriptional profile upon circIPO7 knockdown was applied to explore the biological function and regulatory mechanism, which were further confirmed by in vitro and in vivo metastasis/chemosensitivity assays. We also evaluated the value of circIPO7 expression in predicting NPC metastasis and cisplatin chemoresistance by analyzing a cohort of 183 NPC patients.

Results:
In this study, circIPO7, a novel circRNA, is found to be specifically overexpressed in NPC patients with distant metastasis. Knockdown of circIPO7 in NPC cells suppresses their metastasis and increases sensitivity to cisplatin treatment in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circIPO7 binds to Y-box binding protein-1 (YBX1) protein in the cytoplasm and facilitates its phosphorylation at serine 102 (p-YBX1S102) by the kinase AKT, which further promotes YBX1 nuclear translocation and activates FGFR1, TNC, and NTRK1 transcription. Clinically, higher circIPO7 expression indicates unfavorable distant metastasis-free survival in NPC patients given cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Conclusions:
Altogether, this study identifies oncogenic circIPO7 as a prognostic marker after cisplatin-based chemotherapy and as a potential therapeutic target for overcoming metastasis and chemoresistance in NPC.
A Novel EGFRvIII T-Cell Bispecific Antibody for the Treatment of Glioblastoma
Authors: Iurlaro Raffaella , Waldhauer Inja , Planas-Rigol Ester , Bonfill-Teixidor Ester , Arias Alexandra , Nicolini Valeria , Freimoser-Grundschober Anne , Cuartas Isabel , Martínez-Moreno Alba , Martínez-Ricarte Francisco , Cordero Esteban , Cicuendez Marta , Casalino Simona , Guardia-Reyes Xavier , Fahrni Linda , Pöschinger Thomas , Steinhart Virginie , Richard Marine , Briner Stefanie , Mueller Joerg , Osl Franz , Sam Johannes , Colombetti Sara , Bacac Marina , Klein Christian , Pineda Estela , Reyes-Figueroa Luis , Di Somma Alberto , González Josep , Nuciforo Paolo , Carles Joan , Vieito Maria , Tabernero Josep , Umaña Pablo , Seoane Joan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
T-cell bispecific antibodies (TCB) are engineered molecules that bind both the T-cell receptor and tumor-specific antigens. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) mutation is a common event in glioblastoma (GBM) and is characterized by the deletion of exons 2–7, resulting in a constitutively active receptor that promotes cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion. EGFRvIII is expressed on the surface of tumor cells and is not expressed in normal tissues, making EGFRvIII an ideal neoantigen target for TCBs. We designed and developed a novel 2+1 EGFRvIII-TCB with optimal pharmacologic characteristics and potent antitumor activity. EGFRvIII-TCB showed specificity for EGFRvIII and promoted tumor cell killing as well as T-cell activation and cytokine secretion only in patient-derived models expressing EGFRvIII. Moreover, EGFRvIII-TCB promoted T-cell recruitment into intracranial tumors. EGFRvIII-TCB induced tumor regression in GBM animal models, including humanized orthotopic GBM patient-derived xenograft models. Our results warrant the clinical testing of EGFRvIII-TCB for the treatment of EGFRvIII-expressing GBMs.