bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of a calcium phosphate bone cement with quercetin-containing PEEK/PLGA microparticles
Authors: Kiakojoori Kiana , Najafi Farhood , Torshabi Maryam , Kazemi Sohrab , Rabiee Sayed Mahmood , Nojehdehian Hanieh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to describe the synthesis and characterization of a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with polyetheretherketone/poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PEEK/PLGA) micro-particles containing quercetin. CPC powder was synthesized by mixing dicalcium phosphate anhydrate and tetracalcium phosphate. To synthesize PEEK/PLGA microparticles, PLGA85:15 was mixed with 90 wt% PEEK. The weight ratio of quercetin/PLGA/PEEK was 1:9:90 wt%. PEEK/PLGA/quercetin microparticles with 3, 5, and 6 wt% was added to CPC. The setting time, compressive strength, drug release profile, solubility, pH, and porosity of synthesized cement were evaluated. The morphology and physicochemical properties of particles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay using dental pulp stem cells. Expression of osteoblastic differentiation genes was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (alpha = 0.05). The setting time of 3 wt% CPC was significantly longer than 5 and 6 wt% CPC (P < 0.001). The 6 wt% CPC had significantly higher compressive strength than other groups (P = 0.001). The release of quercetin from CPCs increased for 5 d, and then reached a plateau. XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in cement composition. Significantly higher expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) was noted in 3 wt% and 6 wt% CPCs. Addition of quercetin-containing PEEK/PLGA microparticles to CPC enhanced its compressive strength, decreased its setting time, enabled controlled drug release, and up-regulated OPN and OCN.
The continuation method and the real analyticity of the accessory parameters: the parabolic case
Authors: Menotti Pietro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We give the proof of the real analyticity of the accessory parameters in Liouville field theory as a function of the position of the sources in the case in which in addition to elliptic sources, parabolic sources are present. The method is a non trivial extension of the elliptic case as it requires in an intermediate step the introduction of a regulator. The treatment holds also in the case of the torus. A discussion is given of the extension to higher genus surfaces.
Breaking Research Silos and Stimulating “Innovation at the Edges” in Epidemiology
Authors: Shmuel Shahar , Leonard Charles E , Bykov Katsiaryna , Filion Kristian B , Seamans Marissa J , Lund Jennifer L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Epidemiological training often requires specialization in a subdiscipline (e.g., pharmacoepidemiology, genetic epidemiology, social epidemiology, or infectious disease epidemiology). While specialization is necessary and beneficial, it comes at the cost of decreased awareness of scientific developments in other subdisciplines of epidemiology. In this commentary, we argue for the importance of promoting an exchange of ideas across seemingly disparate epidemiologic subdisciplines. Such an exchange can lead to invaluable opportunities to learn from and merge knowledge across subdisciplines. It can promote “innovation at the edges,” a process of borrowing and transforming methods from one subdiscipline in order to develop something new and advance another subdiscipline. Further, we outline specific actionable steps at the researcher, institution, and professional society level that can promote such innovation.
ACP_MS: prediction of anticancer peptides based on feature extraction
Authors: Zhou Caimao , Peng Dejun , Liao Bo , Jia Ranran , Wu Fangxiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnticancer peptides (ACPs) are bioactive peptides with antitumor activity and have become the most promising drugs in the treatment of cancer. Therefore, the accurate prediction of ACPs is of great significance to the research of cancer diseases. In the paper, we developed a more efficient prediction model called ACP_MS. Firstly, the monoMonoKGap method is used to extract the characteristic of anticancer peptide sequences and form the digital features. Then, the AdaBoost model is used to select the most discriminating features from the digital features. Finally, a stochastic gradient descent algorithm is introduced to identify anticancer peptide sequences. We adopt 7-fold cross-validation and independent test set validation, and the final accuracy of the main dataset reached 92.653% and 91.597%, respectively. The accuracy of the alternate dataset reached 98.678% and 98.317%, respectively. Compared with other advanced prediction models, the ACP_MS model improves the identification ability of anticancer peptide sequences. The data of this model can be downloaded from the public website for free https://github.com/Zhoucaimao1998/Zc
A leader cell triggers end of lag phase in populations of Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Ardré Maxime , Doulcier Guilhem , Brenner Naama , Rainey Paul B 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The relationship between the number of cells colonizing a new environment and time for resumption of growth is a subject of long-standing interest. In microbiology this is known as the “inoculum effect.” Its mechanistic basis is unclear with possible explanations ranging from the independent actions of individual cells, to collective actions of populations of cells. Here, we use a millifluidic droplet device in which the growth dynamics of hundreds of populations founded by controlled numbers of Pseudomonas fluorescens cells, ranging from a single cell, to one thousand cells, were followed in real time. Our data show that lag phase decreases with inoculum size. The decrease of average lag time and its variance across droplets, as well as lag time distribution shapes, follow predictions of extreme value theory, where the inoculum lag time is determined by the minimum value sampled from the single-cell distribution. Our experimental results show that exit from lag phase depends on strong interactions among cells, consistent with a “leader cell” triggering end of lag phase for the entire population.
Estimation of vaccine effectiveness using the screening method
Authors: Farrington C P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The screening method provides a simple and rapid way of estimating vaccine effectiveness. This paper discusses the validity of the screening method with particular reference to bias and precision. Methods for correcting confounding, adjusting for covariates and over-dispersion, and deriving confidence limits are discussed in a modelling framework. The methods are illustrated using data on measles and pertussis vaccines.
‘No Japan’: explaining motivations behind nationalist boycotts in South Korea
Authors: Ko Jiyoung , Kim Sung Mi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
When Japan in 2019 removed South Korea from its whitelist of most trusted trading partners, South Koreans responded by organizing mass nationalist boycotts against Japanese goods. What affects South Korean citizens’ willingness to participate in this nationalist movement? In this article, we offer a systematic investigation of individuals’ motivations behind their boycott participation along the two dimensions of nationalist boycotts – boycotts as a collective choice and boycotts as an emotional reaction – as well as the historical patterns of South Korean nationalist boycotts against Japan. From original survey data collected in South Korea, we find that citizens’ baseline nationalism is an important moderating factor. For those who have strong nationalistic sentiments against Japan, both collective action and emotional primes have only a marginal impact. However, for those who have relatively low baseline nationalism against Japan, an expectation of mass participation plays a critical role in boosting their desire for boycott participation.
Allele-specific Expression Reveals Multiple Paths to Highland Adaptation in Maize
Authors: Hu Haixiao , Crow Taylor , Nojoomi Saghi , Schulz Aimee J , Estévez-Palmas Juan M , Hufford Matthew B , Flint-Garcia Sherry , Sawers Ruairidh , Rellán-Álvarez Rubén , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , Runcie Daniel E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Maize is a staple food of smallholder farmers living in highland regions up to 4,000 m above sea level worldwide. Mexican and South American highlands are two major highland maize growing regions, and population genetic data suggest the maize's adaptation to these regions occurred largely independently, providing a case study for convergent evolution. To better understand the mechanistic basis of highland adaptation, we crossed maize landraces from 108 highland and lowland sites of Mexico and South America with the inbred line B73 to produce F1 hybrids and grew them in both highland and lowland sites in Mexico. We identified thousands of genes with divergent expression between highland and lowland populations. Hundreds of these genes show patterns of convergent evolution between Mexico and South America. To dissect the genetic architecture of the divergent gene expression, we developed a novel allele–specific expression analysis pipeline to detect genes with divergent functional cis-regulatory variation between highland and lowland populations. We identified hundreds of genes with divergent cis-regulation between highland and lowland landrace alleles, with 20 in common between regions, further suggesting convergence in the genes underlying highland adaptation. Further analyses suggest multiple mechanisms contribute to this convergence in gene regulation. Although the vast majority of evolutionary changes associated with highland adaptation were region specific, our findings highlight an important role for convergence at the gene expression and gene regulation levels as well.
Ferroelectric hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites and their structural and functional diversity
Authors: Zhang Tie , Xu Ke , Li Jie , He Lei , Fu Da-Wei , Ye Qiong , Xiong Ren-Gen 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTMolecular ferroelectrics have gradually aroused great interest in both fundamental scientific research and technological applications because of their easy processing, light weight and mechanical flexibility. Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite ferroelectrics (HOIPFs), as a class of molecule-based ferroelectrics, have diverse functionalities owing to their unique structure and have become a hot spot in molecular ferroelectrics research. Therefore, they are extremely attractive in the field of ferroelectrics. However, there seems to be a lack of systematic review of their design, performance and potential applications. Herein, we review the recent development of HOIPFs from lead-based, lead-free and metal-free perovskites, and outline the versatility of these ferroelectrics, including piezoelectricity for mechanical energy-harvesting and optoelectronic properties for photovoltaics and light detection. Furthermore, a perspective view of the challenges and future directions of HOIPFs is also highlighted.
Social Network Analysis of Ebola Virus Disease During the 2014 Outbreak in Sukudu, Sierra Leone
Authors: Hazel Ashley , Davidson Michelle C , Rogers Abu , Barrie M Bailor , Freeman Adams , Mbayoh Mohamed , Kamara Mohamed , Blumberg Seth , Lietman Thomas M , Rutherford George W , Jones James Holland , Porco Travis C , Richardson Eugene T , Kelly J Daniel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Transmission by unreported cases has been proposed as a reason for the 2013–2016 Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemic decline in West Africa, but studies that test this hypothesis are lacking. We examined a transmission chain within social networks in Sukudu village to assess spread and transmission burnout.

Methods
Network data were collected in 2 phases: (1) serological and contact information from Ebola cases (n = 48, including unreported); and (2) interviews (n = 148), including Ebola survivors (n = 13), to identify key social interactions. Social links to the transmission chain were used to calculate cumulative incidence proportion as the number of EBOV-infected people in the network divided by total network size.

Results
The sample included 148 participants and 1522 contacts, comprising 10 social networks: 3 had strong links (&gt;50% of cases) to the transmission chain: household sharing (largely kinship), leisure time, and talking about important things (both largely non-kin). Overall cumulative incidence for these networks was 37 of 311 (12%). Unreported cases did not have higher network centrality than reported cases.

Conclusions
Although this study did not find evidence that explained epidemic decline in Sukudu, it excluded potential reasons (eg, unreported cases, herd immunity) and identified 3 social interactions in EBOV transmission.
Effectiveness of Quinolone Prophylaxis in Pediatric Acute Leukemia and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Leardini Davide , Muratore Edoardo , Abram Nicoletta , Baccelli Francesco , Belotti Tamara , Prete Arcangelo , Gori Davide , Masetti Riccardo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The effectiveness of quinolone prophylaxis in high-risk hematological pediatric patients is controversial. A systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, including studies that involved children and young adults undergoing chemotherapy for acute leukemia or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) who received quinolone prophylaxis compared with no prophylaxis. A meta-analysis was performed on bloodstream infections and neutropenic fever. Data regarding the impact of prophylaxis on overall survival, antibiotic exposure, antibiotic-related adverse effects, antibiotic resistance, Clostridium difficile infections, fungal infections, length of hospitalization, and costs were reviewed in the descriptive analysis. Sixteen studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and 10 of them met the criteria for quantitative analysis. Quinolone prophylaxis was effective in reducing the rate of bloodstream infections and neutropenic fever in pediatric acute leukemia compared with no prophylaxis, but it had no significant effect in HSCT recipients. Prophylaxis was associated with a higher rate of bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones and higher antibiotic exposure.
Lung Abnormalities in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: An Analysis of Paired Computed Tomography Scans Before and After Infection
Authors: Iversen Katrine K , Ronit Andreas , Kristensen Thomas S , Afzal Shoaib , Jankovic Jelena , Kalhauge Anna , Ahlström Magnus G , Nordestgaard Børge G , Kofoed Klaus F , Benfield Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Studies on the pulmonary consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are impeded by limited access to pre–SARS-CoV-2 examinations.

Methods
We invited Copenhagen General Population Study participants with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test during the first and second coronavirus disease 2019 waves in Denmark for a repeat chest computed tomography (CT) scan. Paired CT scans were independently assessed for interstitial and noninterstitial abnormalities by 2 trained radiologists. A semiquantitative CT score (ranging from 0 to 20) was used to quantify the extent of interstitial abnormalities.

Results
Of 111 SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals, 102 (91.2%) experienced symptoms and 12 (11.2%) were hospitalized. Follow-up examination was performed at median of 5.4 (interquartile range, 4.1–7.8) months after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Of 67 individuals with paired CT scans, ground glass opacities and reticulation were present in 31 (46.3%) individuals post–SARS-CoV-2 compared to 23 (34.1%) pre–SARS-CoV-2 (mean CT score, 3.0 vs 1.3; P = .011). Results were similar for nonhospitalized individuals. We did not detect development of bronchiectasis, emphysema, or nodules.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 infection in predominantly nonhospitalized individuals with mild disease was associated with a small increase in only interstitial lung abnormalities.
Open Source as Philosophy, Methodology, and Commerce
Authors: Walden Ian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter is an overview on open source and its relationship to law. First, the chapter introduces the subject matter — open source software (‘OSS’) — the environment, and many of the themes that are examined and analysed throughout this book. The free and open source movement subverts traditional industry models by providing access to the original source code for the user. Such access enables further development of the software, amending the existing code or writing new lines of code, for personal or public benefit. In light of this, the relationship between copyright law and open source is scrutinised; mapping areas of common cause and tension, as well as areas of legal uncertainty, from both a theoretical and practice perspective. Finally, the chapter studies how private law arrangements can be used to achieve outcomes that diverge from that intended for the applicable public law regime.
Copyright, Contract, and Licensing in Open Source
Authors: Smith P McCoy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how questions about how software copyright should be analysed legally, or how certain aspects of free and open source software licences would be found to operate, if put to the test via court or other challenges. It traces the history of copyright and open source software and considers in particular the author’s rights in software copyright. Additionally, the chapter outlines exceptions to the author’s rights in software copyright. It then explores derivative works in software and discusses various types of open source licenses. Next, software interaction and license compatibility are considered. Finally, this chapter focuses on the differences between ‘free’ and ‘open source’ licenses.
Transforming the Supply Chain with Openchain Iso 5230
Authors: Coughlan Shane 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter concerns OpenChain ISO 5230. OpenChain ISO 5230 increases open source compliance in the supply chain. This issue, which may be incorrectly characterised as solely a legal concern or as low priority from a business perspective, is inherently tied to ensuring that open source is as useful as possible with as little friction as possible. In a nutshell, because open source is about the use of third party code, compliance is the nexus of where equality of access, safety of use, and reduction of risk can be found. OpenChain ISO 5230 is thus built to increase trust between organisations to accomplish this.
Open Source Software in Standard Setting
Authors: Blind Knut , Böhm, Mirko , Thumm Nikolaus 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers the intersection of open source software and FRAND (‘Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory’) licensing and its integration into the process of standard setting. FRAND commitments aim to prevent intellectual property rights (‘IPR’) holders from refusing to license patents and from charging licensees excessive fees (unfair or unreasonable) for standard implemented patented technologies. The complex interface of open source software and standardisation processes is analysed with a specific focus on the role of IPR including FRAND licensing. Standards and open source development are both processes widely adopted in the information and communications technology (‘ICT’) industry to develop innovative technologies and drive their adoption in the market. Innovators and policy makers often assume that a closer collaboration between standards and open source software development would be mutually beneficial. The interaction between the two is however not yet fully understood.
Antitrust, Competition, and Open Source
Authors: Piana Carlo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses antitrust, mainly from an European perspective, but with some consideration of the US. ‘Antitrust’ is a collective name for different types of legislation. It includes at least prohibition of cartels — agreements between undertakings and concerted practices — of abuse of dominant position or ‘monopolization’, and merger control. These areas of antitrust differ considerably. Cartels require the coordinated effort of more than one undertaking, whereas abuse of dominant position is in principle a practice committed by a single undertaking. Enforcement of cartel and abuse of dominant position rules mostly apply ex post facto, when the illegal practices have displayed some of their effects. Conversely, merger control happens before a merger between two undertakings has become effective, requiring notification of certain deals before they are consummated, therefore it is mostly ex ante and it requires a notable amount of forward-looking evaluation by the antitrust authorities.
Public Sector and Open Source
Authors: Mitchell Iain G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the relationship between public procurement and open source software. Historically, open source software’s clear economic advantages over proprietary software caused a gain in market share, despite previous bias towards proprietary software. To achieve its full potential both requires a level playing field and a sufficiently large user base. Governments have a clear role to play in the creation of a level playing field. The public sector meanwhile can choose to be pro-active in its support for open source software, or merely to be neutral so that there are, at least, no barriers to the procurement of open source, or, to demonstrate a bias towards particular proprietary solutions. Whatever the policy, there are both obligations and limits on what a public authority can do as part of the procurement process: for public procurement sits within a framework of international and local laws.
The Centre-Left and the Radical Left in Portuguese Democracy, 1974–2021
Authors: Freire André 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers an overview of the evolution of the Portuguese left (centre-left and radical left) since the democratic transition (1974–1982) until the present time. By analysing the centre-left and the radical left parties’ strategies and agenda from 25 April 1974 to the revolutionary period we present the genetic underpinnings of the existing governmental schism within the Portuguese left. In the first section of the chapter, we analyse the cleavage structures and the dimensions of policy competition in Portuguese society and in the Portuguese political system, to locate the different left-wing parties within them. In the second section, we analyse how the Great Recession contributed to overcoming the governmental schism among the Portuguese left. In the third and final section, we offer a sort of epilogue with up-to-date information, namely in terms of coalition politics on the left, considering current developments.