bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bermudagrass, Tropical Sod Webworm Control, Florida, 1983
Authors: Reinert James A. , Augustin Bruce J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Portions of a bermudagrass green at the Research Center were divided into 1.5 x 3.0-m plots. A 61-cm-wide untreated buffer zone of turfgrass was left between plots. Populations were sampled by sprinkling 1 liter of 0.02 to 0.03% pyrethin, emulsified in the water with a wetting agent, on 0.37 m of turf in each plot. An additional liter of water was sprinkled over the sample area to wash the pyrethrin solution to the webworm larvae on or just below the soil surface. Larvae which came to the turf surface within a 10-min period were counted. Successive samples within a plot were taken in different locations. Plots were assigned to 4 replicates by pretreatment counts, in a randomized complete block experiment. All insecticides were mixed with 1.9 liters of water per plot and sprayed on the grass with a compressed-air sprayer. Fenvalerate was included as a standard labeled for sod webworm control.
Famphur Paste for Control of Lice on Reef Cattle, 1984
Authors: Herald F. , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A louse dosage mortality study was conducted with a 5.75% Tramisol (levamisole) oral paste containing varying amounts of famphur. Standard treatments of levamisole oral paste and one of Warbex (famphur) pour-on plus levamisole oral paste were used for comparison. Each treatment level was administered 19 Mar to 5 angus steers weighing from 127-380 kg as indicated in the table below. All steers were individually weighed prior to treatment to insure that the correct dosage was administered. The steers were assigned to the treatment groups on the basis of pretreatment lice counts. Lice counts were made by making two 2 to 3-cm hair parts in 14 sites on each animal. These sites included the muzzle, jaws, around the eyes, base of the ears, shoulder, brisket, backline and the tail-head area. Lice viability during the test was determined by microscopic examination. The effectiveness of the treatments was based on the lice population on the untreated steers.
Evaluation of Ectiban Tail Tapes and Dustacator for Face Fly and Horn Fly Control on Dairy Cattle, 1984
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The following treatment groups were established 22 Jun on 3 non-lactating dairy herds located on the VPI&SU Dairy Cattle Center in Blacksburg, VA: A) Ectiban tail tapes (1.2 g permethrin per tape). Thirty-one Holstein cows received 1 Ectiban tail tape each, attached to the tail above the switch. B) Dustacator dust applicator/mineral feeder charged with Coral 1.0% dust. Guardian 7.5% ear tags were also attached to the bottom of the dust skirt, spaced 4 inches apart, and numbering 37. A trace mineral block was supported in a cage which was surrounded by the dust skirt. The Dustacator was placed in a location where the herd (25 Holstein cows, 1 Jersey cow) had access to it every day. C) Untreated control, consisting of ca. 30 Holstein cows. All test herds were maintained in separate pastures, and all were within ca. 2 mi of each other. Weekly face fly and horn fly estimations were made by the same person on 10 animals per herd for 10-wk posttreatment. Numbers of face flies were estimated on the face and head and horn flies on one side of each animal.
Evaluation of Ficam Plus + , Ficam-W, and Ectiban Ec against Northern Fowl Mites on Chickens, 1984
Authors: Burg J. G. , Collison C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sixty White Rock treatment hens (31-33 wk old) were housed in 3 adjacent 7.3 x 7.3-m shelters at the University poultry farm. An additional 36 pressure birds were positioned so that each treatment bird was caged next to at least 1 pressure bird. Each shelter contained 2 banks of cages (20 cages/bank), separated by a 2.3-m aisle. All hens were housed individually in single deck, double row, Favorite hanging cages. The 2 end cages in each row remained vacant. All 96 birds were infested with northern fowl mites on 21-30 Mar ‘84. The treatment birds were inspected for mites on 12 Apr ‘84 and given an infestation rating prior to treatment. Mite populations were visually estimated by parting the feathers in the vent area and assigning the following rating scale: 0 = 0 mites/ bird; 1 = 1-2 mites; 2 = 3-9 mites; 3 = 10-31 mites; 4 = 32-99 mites; 5 = 100-315 mites; 6 = 316-999 mites; 7 = 1,000-3,159 mites; 8 = 3,160-9,999 mites; 9 = 10,000-31,586 mites; and 10 = more than 31,586 mites/bird. FICAM-W (.25%), FICAM PLUS+ (.06%, .125%, .25%), and Ectiban EC (.05%) sprays were applied to 4 birds/shelter on 13 Apr ‘84 using an 11.3-liter, hand held Hudson stainless steel Climax sprayer. Treatment birds were suspended in leg shackles and sprayed for 5 s, keeping the nozzle approx 10 cm from the vent and legs. Each bird received an avg of 42.4 ml of spray. Mite populations were visually estimated weekly for 10-wk posttreatment.
Evaluation of Imidan 50Wp for Control of Imported Fire Ants, 1983
Authors: Lemke L. A. , Kissam J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Imidan 50WP was evaluated for control of imported fire ants (IFA) in a cattle pasture located in Santee, South Carolina. Two blocks were set up along 1 fence in the field. In the first block, four areas were delineated, while only 3 areas comprised the second block. Each area contained 5 active IFA mounds. One of 4 treatments was randomly assigned to each area in block 1: Imidan 50WP (0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%) and a control drench of water. In block 2, only 3 treatments were used: Imidan 50WP (0.1% and 5%) and water.Treatments were applied as mound drenches. Mounds 12 inches or less in diameter received 1 gal of material, while those 12 inches or greater were treated with 2 gal. Mounds were uncapped with a shovel and the solution was poured down the center of the mound. Control was assessed based on IFA activity, with an active mound being 1 that exhibited ants coming to the surface when the mound was slightly probed with a thin metal wire. Treatments were made on 4 Sep 83.
Evaluation of Guardian 7.5% Cattle Ear Tags for Hog Louse Control on Swine, 1984
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of Guardian 7.5% cattle ear tags was evaluated in Jun and Jul for hog louse control on swine. Permectrin™ 10.0% calf ear tags were used for comparative efficacy. The following treatment groups were established on 6 Jun in Patrick Co, VA: A) Guardian 7.5% cattle ear tags, consisting of 4 adult brood sows, weighing 300-500 lb, and 1 adult boar, weighing ca. 600 lb. Each animal received 2 ear tags, 1 in each ear. B) Permectrin 10.0% calf ear tags, consisting of 4 adult brood sows, weighing 300-500 lb, and 1 adult boar, weighing ca. 800 lb. Each animal received 2 ear tags, 1 in each ear. C) Untreated control, consisting of 5 adult brood sows, weighing 300-500 lb. All treatment groups were penned separately from each other in a loafing barn for the duration of the trial.
Vacuum Fumigation of Lettuce for Insect Control, 1983
Authors: Spitler G. H. , Cordrey M. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Freshly harvested head lettuce wrapped in perforated polyethylene film was fumigated in a .544 m3 vacuum chamber for control of the above listed insects. Fumigation dosages (g/m3), exposures (h), and temperatures (°C) are given in the following table. For fumigation, the pressure in the vaccum chamber was reduced to 30 mm Hg; the fumigant was introduced; and the pressure was allowed to rise to 100 mm Hg after 10 min. In all tests, the control insects were placed in similar locations to the fumigated lots and subjected to identical pressures throughout the test. Load factors for control chambers were 13% and for treated chambers 38%. All lettuce was wrapped in the conventional method (a perforated polyethylene film) used for exported lettuce. The 2 Lepidopterous insects, in small cages, were placed in the cores of 6 heads of lettuce in each of 2 layers in a carton. Each cage containing green peach aphids was wrapped with a lettuce leaf and then overwrapped with the perforated polyethylene film. These cages were placed between adjacent heads in both the top and bottom layers of cartons holding 24 heads of lettuce. The lettuce was fumigated with combinations of methyl bromide (MB) plus ethyl acetate (EA) or with ethyl acetate alone.
Candidate Aerosol and Dust Formulations for Disinfesting Transport Vehicles, 1983
Authors: Kirkpatrick Robert L. , Witherell Peter C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Laboratory-reared stored-product insects were exposed to insecticidal formulations in transport trailers (ca. 32 m3 or 71 m3) at Baltimore, MD and Miami, FL. For each test, 40 insects of each species were held in 10-cm diam open petri dishes placed on the floor at the midsection of each trailer ca. 30 cm from a side wall. The aerosols were propelled by Freon® 11/12 and released within closed trailers by an individual walking the length of the trailer and releasing the aerosol from the pressurized can for the required amount of time. Dusts were formulated with HiSil® 233 as a carrier and introduced into the trailer by CO2 propellant through an open rear door. The exposure period was 5 h; 10 min in the closed trailer after each aerosol or dust application, 20 min with one door of the trailer opened for aeration, and 4.5 h in the original containers after their removal from the trailers and before the insects (treated and untreated) were transferred to clean petri dishes. Insects were observed after 24 h for knockdown (KD) (those that could not walk or remain in an upright position) and at 14 days post-exposure for mortality, expressed as dead plus moribund (D + M) insects (those that showed little or no movement when lightly stimulated with a small camel-hair brush). Each test was replicated 3 times. The average air temperature inside the trailer at treatment was 28 ± 6°C.
Peach, Seasonal Insecticide Trials, 1984
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 5-year-old Harmony and Candor trees using a handgun on a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Treatments were in a randomized block design with 6 rep/treatment. Treatment sprays were applied on 13 Apr, 10 May, 8 Jun and 25 Jun. In 1 treatment, Orthene 75S was used on the first 2 spray dates and Guthion 50W on the remaining dates. Funginex 18.2%EC (12 fl oz/lOOgal) was tank mixed with all treatments on all treatment dates except 10 May when Benlate 50 (4 oz/100 gal) and Captan 50W (1 lb/ 100 gal) were used. Green peach aphid populations were evaluated on 16 May and 31 May by counting all colonies on each replicate in a 2 min/tree timed count. Fruit samples were harvested on 8 Aug from the 4 harmony replicates. Fruit was inspected for damage by plum curculio, the leafroller complex (TABM & RBLR), Oriental fruit moth, pentatomids, and catfacing mirids.
Apple, Insecticide Evaluation, 1984
Authors: Hogmire Henry W , Walter Sandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to 4 single-tree plots in a randomized block design, using a Swanson DA400PTO24 airblast sprayer. The sprayer traveled at 3.86 kph and delivered 2805 liters/ha for delayed dormant and pre-pink applications, and 935 liters/ ha for the remainder of the season. Dates of application were 20 Apr (delayed dormant (DD)), 1 May (pre-pink (PP)), 24 May (petal fall (PF)), 6 Jun (first cover (1C)), 18 Jun (second cover (2C)), 3 Jul (third cover (3C)), 24 Jul (fourth cover (4C)), 9 Aug (fifth cover (5C)), 23 and 24 Aug (sixth cover (6C)), and 6 Sep (seventh cover (7C)). In the Imidan + Lannate alternate middle applications (beginning at first cover), the west side of trees was treated on the dates above, and the east side was treated on 14 Jun (first cover), 28 Jun (second cover), 12 Jul (third cover), 2 Aug (fourth cover), 16 Aug (fifth cover), 30 Aug (sixth cover) and 12 Sep (seventh cover). Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Baycor, Benlate, Captan, Dithane M-45, Polyram, Streptomycin and Topsin-M. Treatments were evaluated for RAA control on 31 May by counting colonies observed on the periphery of trees. Treatment effectiveness was determined for AA on 9 Jul by counting infested leaves on 10 top terminals and aphids/most-infested leaf/terminal. Control of WALH was determined on 6 Jun by counting nymphs found on 25 leaves selected from the periphery of each tree. Effect of treatments on ERM was determined on 2 Aug by sampling 25 leaves from the periphery of each tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine and counting active mites with a binocular microscope. Treatment effect on SP was determined on 7 Aug by counting adults and larvae observed during a 3-min period on the periphery of test trees. Treatment effectiveness on fruit feeding insects was determined by scoring for injury 400 apples per treatment (100/replication) plus all fallen apples sampled on 25 Sep.
Citrus Red Mite Control on Citrus, 1984
Authors: Story R. N. , Bourgeois W. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on a plot of recently transplanted trees located at the LSU Citrus Research Station, Port Sulpher, LA. A randomized complete block design was used with 4 replications per treatment (individual trees served as plots). Pesticides were applied on 10 Oct ’84 with a hand-held CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 0.5 liter per tree at 40 psi through a single spray nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer. Trees were sprayed until completely covered. Although only 50 liters of pesticide was applied per acre, pesticide concentrations were calculated at a rate of 378 liter per acre so as to simulate concentrations used for a mature stand. Evaluations were made on 19 Oct and 13 Nov by randomly selecting 10 leaves per tree as follows: 2 leaves from each of the 4 compass directions and 2 from the center of the tree. Leaves were taken to the lab, examined under a stereo-microscope, and the number of mites recorded.
Citrus Rust Mite Suppression with SD204523 and CME13406, 1984
Authors: French J. Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were randomly assigned to 3-tree plots and replicated 3 times. The trees were 10-year-old grapefruit on 24 by 24 ft spacing. Applications were made 3 Jul utilizing a PTO-driven Meyers Sprayer with speed, nozzling and pressure adjusted to apply a spray volume of 125 gal/acre. CRM were counted in two, 1-cm2 lens fields on the lower surface of each of 25 randomly selected leaves per treatment replicate. A 9-inch rain forced curtailment of the test in early Sep.
Citrus Rust Mite Control (CRM), 1984
Authors: Childers Carl C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were assigned to 3 x 5 (15-tree) plots in a randomized block design replicated 4 times in both tests. Three sample trees were selected from each 15-tree plot. Each plot was separated from adjacent plots by 2 trees within the row and 3 rows between treatments. Sprays were applied with 250 gal per acre using an FMC 4000CP airblast sprayer driven at 1.5 mph. In Test 1, MK 936 at 10.7 oz was tank mixed with 1 gal 7N oil in 250 gal water/acre and applied to treatment 3 only. The remaining treatments consisted of the miticide only and all treatments were applied on 1 Jun. On 24 Jul, MK 936 at 5.35 oz was tank mixed with 1 gal 7N oil and 6 lb tribasic copper sulphate in 250 gal water/acre and applied to treatment 2 only. On 7 Aug, 6 lb tribasic copper sulphate in 250 gal/acre was applied to the entire block in Test 1. In addition to the treatment application in Test 2 on 25 Jun, 6 lb tribasic copper sulphate in 250 gal of water/acre was applied with an airblast sprayer to the entire block on 8 and 9 Aug. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy perimeter of each sample tree at various time intervals before and after spraying of test materials. Live motile citrus rust mites were counted within a 1 cm2 area using a 10X hand lens on 2 shaded fruit surfaces. The combined 2 cm2 count per fruit of living CRM was recorded as 1 observation. The percentage of surface russeting due to CRM feeding injury was estimated by examining 50 fruit at random around the canopy perimeter of each sample tree (N = 600) in Aug and Nov for both tests.
Control of California Red Scale on Citrus, Riverside, CA, 1984
Authors: Walker G. P. , Aitken D. C. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The field of oranges was divided into 9-tree (3 x 3) plots and pesticides were applied with an oscillating boom sprayer (500 psi, 1.4 mph, 68 oscillations/min) at a rate of ca. 2130 gal/acre on 18 Jul ’83. The field of lemons was divided into single-tree plots and pesticides were applied with a hand sprayer at 530 psi from the ground and from a tower at a rate of ca. 22 gal/tree (1970 gal/A) on 30 Jun ’83. Pretreatment counts were taken from each of the lemon single-tree plots (22 Jun ’83) and from the center tree of the orange plots (10 May and 21 Jun ’83) by counting the proportions of twigs (9-inch terminal twigs, N = 52/plot) and the proportion of fruit (N = 41/plot) infested with live CRS. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with the plots blocked to provide similar twig pretreatment counts within blocks and 4 replicates in each field. Posttreatment counts (proportions infested with live CRS) were taken in the lemons on 5 Dec ’83 (Winter) (N = 52 twigs, 41 fruit/ plot) and 24 Apr ’84 (Spring) (N = 75 twigs, 50 fruit/plot). Posttreatment counts were taken in the oranges on 5 Jan ’84 (Winter) (N = 52 twigs, 41 fruit from the center tree of each plot) and 14 May ’84 (Spring) (N = 120 twigs, 60 from the center tree of each plot and 15 from each of the 4 adjacent trees from the quadrant that faces the center tree).
Pecan, Pecan Nut Casebearer Insecticide Efficacy Tests, 1984
Authors: Ring Dennis R. , Harris Marvin K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test blocks of at least 6 trees were established in Adriance Orchard on the Texas Agr. Exp. Sta. Farm, Burleson County near College Station, Texas. Tests included trees of the Brake, Desirable, Graking, Mahan, Stuart, and Success Cultivars. Counts of pecan nut casebearer were made on 14 May ’84, by examining nutlets for 1st summer generation larval entry. Cluster entry on that date was 3.52% ± 0.86% (n = 10). Treatments were timed using the degree day model for the pecan nut casebearer and field inspections for egg deposition and nut entry. All chemicals were applied with a John Bean Speed Sprayer® as a dilute solution sprayed on the foliage to the point of runoff. Phytotoxicity to foliage or nuts was not noted from the materials used in this test.
Asparagus Beetle Control on Asparagus, 1983
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Asparagus was planted in the spring of 1982 near Benson, NC. Single row plots 10 ft long with 60-inch centers were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Difolatan was applied 20 Jun and 14 Jul. Applications were made with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow-cone nozzle delivering 50 gal/acre at 60 psi. Applications of Di-Syston 8EC and Sevin 80SP were made on 13 Jun, and additional treatments of Sevin 80SP at 2 different rates were made on 20 and 27 Jun. Counts of eggs, larvae and adults were made on 12, 22, 29 Jun and 8 Jul.
Caterpillar Control on Cabbage, Spring, 1982
Authors: Leibee Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted 25 Oct in Myakka fine sand on the University of Florida’s Agricultural Research and Education Center in Sanford. A plot consisted of one 30-ft row with 12-inch plant spacing. Each plot row was separated by 2 implanted rows; row spacing was 30 inches. Nemacur 15G 2 lb (AI)/acre was applied pretransplant in a 15-inch band for nematode control. Vegedex 4EC at 4 lb (AI)/acre was applied for weed control. Treatments were replicated in 4 times in a randomized complete block design separated by 25 ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a COa pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles were used per row; 1 overhead (TX24) and 2 drop (TX12) on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gpa with a boom pressure of about 50 psi and a speed of 2 mph. Sprays were applied 3, 10, 18, 22, and 30 Nov, 14, 22, and 29 Dec. In each plot twenty plants were rated for damage on the head and first 4 wrapper leaves on 3 Jan using a scale of 1-6 as in Greene et al., Journal of Economic Entomology, 62(4):798-800. The percentage of heads that were marketable was based on the frequency of heads with damage ratings of 3 or less.
Control of the Gray Garden Slug on Cabbage, 1984
Authors: Shelton A.M. , Wilsey W.T. , North R.C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field and greenhouse trials were conducted simultaneously. Field. Slugs were collected from commercial cabbage fields from 9-11 Oct, and transferred to plots set up in an RCB design with 4 replicates at the Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Ten slugs were placed on 1 selected plant/plot on 11 Oct and the following day treatments were applied. Foliar insecticides were applied with a 2-row tractor-mounted boom, having 3 nozzles/row and delivering 35 gal/acre at 50 psi. Deadline bait (4% Metaldehyde) was applied in a line of drops 3-4 inches apart around the infested plant. Seventy-two hours after treatment slugs were counted on the dissected plants, the ground around the plants, and adjacent plants.
Control of Cabbageworm Complex, 1983
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted 2 Jim near Benson, NC. Single row plots 10 ft long on 42-inch centers were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. White plastic mulch covered the plots. Insecticide applications were made on 16, 23, 30 Jun, 7, 18 and 25 Jul using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle operated at 60 psi delivering 100 gal/acre. Bravo 500 was applied 7 and 21 Jul. Damage ratings were made 19 Jul.
Insect Control on Celery, Fall, 1983
Authors: Zehnder G. W. , Trumble J. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Celery was transplanted on 10 Aug at the Univ. of Calif. South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, CA. The crop was sprinkle irrigated for 3 wk and drip irrigated thereafter. Experimental plots were 3 beds wide (40-inch centers) by 50 ft long with 1 untreated buffer row between plots. Each bed contained 2 rows of plants 6-8 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied weekly with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer from 25 Aug through 10 Nov, except on 29 Sept when rain precluded treatment. As plant height and foliage density increased, nozzles varied from 1-3 per row and carrier (H2O) increased from 50-100 gal/acre. Hollow cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #25 cores, and 50-mesh screens. All treatments except Avermectin included 0.04% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 40). Evaluation of beet armyworm and black cutworm damage was based on the number of damaged plants found in 10 randomly selected plants/replicate (80/ treatment) from the center 2 rows of each replicate at harvest. When plants reached a suitable height, 4 inches X 8 inches pupal trays were inserted between rows and the no. of leafminer larvae, puparia, and pupae and leafminer parasites collected in trays were counted on 11, 18, 26 Oct and 1 and 8 Nov. Four trays were counted in each replicate.
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm Control, 1984
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. , Guillebeau P. L. , Chamberlin J. R. , All J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted 31 May, ’84, at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was Appling coarse sandy loam. A randomized complete block experimental design with 2-row plots x 6.5-m long X 1-m row width X 1-in alleys and with 5 replicates was used. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 500 1/ha directed on the plant ears. Plots were sprayed 9 times beginning at the initiation of silking on 16 Jul, and continuing 18, 20, 23, 25, 27, 30 Jul, 1 and 3 Aug. All ears in the center 6-m of row were examined on 6 Aug for the presence of corn earworm larvae or damage.