bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between oral antimalarial medication administration and mortality among patients with Ebola virus disease: a multisite cohort study
Authors: Abel Logan , Perera Shiromi M. , Yam Derrick , Garbern Stephanie , Kennedy Stephen B. , Massaquoi Moses , Sahr Foday , Woldemichael Dayan , Liu Tao , Levine Adam C. , Aluisio Adam R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Empiric antimalarial treatment is a component of protocol-based management of Ebola virus disease (EVD), yet this approach has limited clinical evidence for patient-centered benefits.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study evaluated the association between antimalarial treatment and mortality among patients with confirmed EVD. The data was collected from five International Medical Corps operated Ebola Treatment Units (ETUs) in Sierra Leone and Liberia from 2014 through 2015. The standardized protocol used for patient care included empiric oral treatment with combination artemether and lumefantrine, twice daily for three days; however, only a subset of patients received treatment due to resource variability. The outcome of interest was mortality, comparing patients treated with oral antimalarials within 48-h of admission to those not treated. Analysis was conducted with logistic regression to generate adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Multivariable analyses controlled for ETU country, malaria rapid diagnostic test result, age, EVD cycle threshold value, symptoms of bleeding, diarrhea, dysphagia and dyspnea, and additional standard clinical treatments.

Results
Among the 424 cases analyzed, 376 (88.7%) received early oral antimalarials. Across all cases, mortality occurred in 57.5% (244). In comparing unadjusted mortality prevalence, early antimalarial treated cases yielded 55.1% mortality versus 77.1% mortality for those untreated (p = 0.005). Multivariable analysis demonstrated evidence of reduced aOR for mortality with early oral antimalarial treatment versus non-treatment (aOR = 0.34, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.12, 0.92, p = 0.039).

Conclusion
Early oral antimalarial treatment in an EVD outbreak was associated with reduced mortality. Further study is warranted to investigate this association between early oral antimalarial treatment and mortality in EVD patients.
Predictors of treatment outcomes among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Vietnam: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wrohan Ian , Nguyen Thu Anh , Nguyen Viet Nhung , Nguyen Binh Hoa , Hoang Thi Thanh Thuy , Nguyen Phuong Chi , Velen Kavindhran , Marks Guy Barrington , Fox Greg James 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Improving treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a leading priority for global TB control. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the factors associated with treatment success among patients treated for MDR-TB in two provinces in Vietnam.

Methods
Treatment outcomes were evaluated for adult patients treated in Hanoi and Thanh Hoa provinces between 2014 and 2016. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with treatment success, defined as cure or treatment completion. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between patient clinical and microbiological characteristics and treatment success.

Results
Treatment outcomes were reported in 612 of 662 patients; of these, 401 (65.5)% were successfully treated. The odds of treatment success were lower for male patients (aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34–0.90), for people living with HIV (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.20–1.00), and for patients treated for extensive antibiotic resistance (pre-XDR-/XDT-TB) (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29–0.97), compared with others. Patients who achieved culture conversion in the first 4 months of treatment had increased odds (aOR 2.93, 95% CI 1.33–6.45) of treatment success. In addition, loss to follow-up was less common among patients covered by social health insurance compared to those who paid for treatment out-of-pocket (aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.95).

Conclusions
Among patients with MDR-TB, males, people living with HIV, and those with more extensive antibiotic resistance at diagnosis are at greatest risk of an unsuccessful treatment outcome. Efforts to optimise the management of co-morbidities (such as HIV), ensure rapid bacteriological conversion, and provide financial support for patients promise to improve treatment outcomes.
Frequency and anatomic variability of the mandibular lingual foramina: a cone-beam CT study
Authors: Taschieri Silvio , Corbella Stefano , Silnovic Amel , Francetti Luca , Messina Carmelo , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Albano Domenico 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the distribution of lingual foramina (LF) and their correlation with demographic characteristics and mandible width, shape, and bone thickness in Caucasian Italian patients subjected to cone-beam CT (CBCT).

Methods
CBCTs were reviewed to assess the number of all LF, midline and lateral LF. We also assessed the relationship of the number of lateral LF with gender and mandibular width, shape, and bone thickness using the Chi Square test. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Three-hundred patients (180 males; age range: 21–87 years) were included. The highest frequency per patient was of 2 LF (97/300, 32.3%), followed by 3 (81/300, 27%) and 4 (53/300, 17.7%). No LF were observed in 2/300 patients (0.7%), while the highest number was of 8 LF in one patient. The highest frequency of midline LF per person was of 2 LF (57.3%, 172/300), while the highest number per person was 5 LF in one patient (0.3%). The highest frequency of midline LF located above and below the genial tubercle was of 1 in 197/300 patients (65.7%) and in 169/300 patients (56.3%), respectively. Concerning lateral LF, the highest frequencies were of 0 (113/300, 37.7%) and of 1 (112/300, 37.3%). We did not observe any significant difference of the number of midline and lateral LF based on gender (P = .438 and P = .195, respectively) or mandible width (P = .069 and P = .114, respectively). The mandible shape was normal in 188 cases, with facial constriction in 42, lingual constriction in 54, and hour glass constriction in 16. The mean bone thickness was 10.76 mm in the symphysis, 10.92 mm in the right hemiarches, and 10.68 in the left hemiarches. No significant differences in the distribution of LF were observed also based on mandibular shape and bone thickness (both with P > .05).

Conclusions
We have shown the high variability of number and anatomic distribution of LF in an Italian group of patients subjected to CBCT without reporting any association with gender and mandible width, shape, and bone thickness.
What is the impact of blood pressure on neurological symptoms and the risk of ESKD in primary and secondary thrombotic microangiopathies based on clinical presentation: a retrospective study
Authors: Halimi Jean-Michel , Thoreau Benjamin , von Tokarski Florent , Bauvois Adeline , Gueguen Juliette , Goin Nicolas , Barbet Christelle , Cloarec Sylvie , Mérieau Elodie , Lachot Sébastien , Garot Denis , Lemaignen Adrien , Gyan Emmanuel , Perrotin Franck , Pouplard Claire , Maillot François , Gatault Philippe , Sautenet Bénédicte , Rusch Emmanuel , Frémeaux-Bacchi Véronique , Vigneau Cécile , Bayer Guillaume , Fakhouri Fadi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The impact of blood pressure on neurological symptoms and risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is unknown in primary and secondary thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs).

Methods
We measured baseline systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP in consecutive 563 patients with adjudicated primary and secondary TMAs, and assessed its association with the risk of ESKD.

Results
Normal BP, grade 1, 2 and 3 hypertension were present in 243 (43.1%), 132 (23.4%), 101 (17.9%) and 88 (15.6%), respectively.
Significant BP differences were noted in relation to the cause of TMA: highest BP values were found in patients with atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS), pregnancy, transplantation and auto-immune-related TMAs. Normal BP or grade 1 hypertension was found in 17/18 (94.4%) patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic patients (only 1/18 (5.6%) had a SBP value>150 mmHg). In contrast, BP values could not differentiate isolated “essential” malignant hypertension (MH) from MH associated with aHUS (isolated MH (n=15): BP (median (IQR)): 220 (182-249)/132 (101-150) mmHg; MH with aHUS (n=5): BP: 223 (196-245)/131 (111-144) mmHg).
The risk of vigilance disturbances (6.9%, 15.0%, 25.0%, respectively), epileptic seizures (1.5%, 4.0%, 12.5%, respectively) and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (0.76%, 2.97%, 6.82%, respectively) increased with increasing baseline BP values from grade 1 to grade 3 hypertension.
ESKD occurred in 35/563 (6.2%) patients (1.23%, 2.27%, 11.9% and 19.3% of patients with normal BP, grade 1, 2 and 3 hypertension, respectively). As compared to patients with normal BP (<120/139 mmHg), grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 hypertension were associated with a greater risk of ESKD in univariate (OR: 1.91 [0.83-4.40], 13.2 [3.56-48.9] and 34.8 [9.31-130], respectively) and multivariate (OR: 0.89 [0.30-2.69], 7.00 [1.57-31.3] and 19.7 [4.53-85.2], respectively) analyses. The association between BP and the risk of ESRD was unchanged after adjustment on eculizumab use (OR: 3.46 [1.41-8.49], 17.7 [4.44-70.0] and 70.6 [8.61-579], respectively). Patients with MH, regardless of its cause, had a greater risk of ESKD (OR: 26.4 [10.0-69.8] vs other patients).

Conclusions
Baseline BP differs in primary and secondary TMAs. High BP reduces the neurological tolerance of TMAs and is a powerful independent risk factor of ESKD, even after adjustment on TMA’s cause.
Comparative analysis of the value of amide proton transfer-weighted imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging in evaluating the histological grade of cervical squamous carcinoma
Authors: Hou Mengyan , Song Kai , Ren Jipeng , Wang Kaiyu , Guo Jinxia , Niu Yongchao , Li Zhenyu , Han Dongming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) was the fourth leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The conventional MRI hardly revealing the microstructure information. This study aimed to compare the value of amide proton transfer-weighted imaging (APTWI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in evaluating the histological grade of cervical squamous carcinoma (CSC) in addition to routine diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Methods
Forty-six patients with CSC underwent pelvic DKI and APTWI. The magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), mean diffusivity (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK) were calculated and compared based on the histological grade. Correlation coefficients between each parameter and histological grade were calculated.

Results
The MTRasym and MK values of grade 1 (G1) were significantly lower than those of grade 2 (G2), and those parameters of G2 were significantly lower than those of grade 3 (G3). The MD and ADC values of G1 were significantly higher than those of G2, and those of G2 were significantly higher than those of G3. MTRasym and MK were both positively correlated with histological grade (r = 0.789 and 0.743, P <  0.001), while MD and ADC were both negatively correlated with histological grade (r = − 0.732 and - 0.644, P <  0.001). For the diagnosis of G1 and G2 CSCs, AUC (APTWI+DKI + DWI) > AUC (DKI + DWI) > AUC (APTWI+DKI) > AUC (APTWI+DWI) > AUC (MTRasym) > AUC (MK) > AUC (MD) > AUC (ADC), where the differences between AUC (APTWI+DKI + DWI), AUC (DKI + DWI) and AUC (ADC) were significant. For the diagnosis of G2 and G3 CSCs, AUC (APTWI+DKI + DWI) > AUC (APTWI+DWI) > AUC (APTWI+DKI) > AUC (DKI + DWI) > AUC (MTRasym) > AUC (MK) > AUC (MD > AUC (ADC), where the differences between AUC (APTWI+DKI + DWI), AUC (APTWI+DWI) and AUC (ADC) were significant.

Conclusion
Compared with DWI and DKI, APTWI is more effective in identifying the histological grades of CSC. APTWI is recommended as a supplementary scan to routine DWI in CSCs.
Presurgical time and associated factors as predictors of acute perforated appendicitis: a prospective cohort study in a teaching pediatric hospital in Colombia
Authors: Castro Paula , Rincón Julián , Sánchez Cristian , Molina Iván , Buitrago Giancarlo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
We aim to determine the association between out and in-hospital factors with time, from the beginning of the symptoms to the surgery, in patients with acute appendicitis treated at Fundación Hospital Pediatrico La Misericordia (HOMI) in Colombia.

Methods
Eleven month prospective cohort study of pediatric patients at HOMI with acute appendicitis diagnosis taken to surgery. Data from the out-of-hospital phase was collected by surveying parents, and the data regarding the in-hospital phase was completed with medical records. We analyzed the association between the time from the beginning of the symptoms to the surgery, and out and in-hospital factors associated with this time using generalized linear models.

Results
Eight hundred three patients were included in the study. Total pre-surgical time was longer in perforated appendicitis (PA) group (2.65 days, standard deviation (SD) 1.88 vs. 2.04 days, SD 1.45) (p < 0.01). Factors associated with longer total and out-of-hospital presurgical times were age under 4 years old, lower socioeconomic status, father as a caregiver, self-medication, and underestimating disease severity.

Conclusions
Out-of-hospital timing determines the longer pre-surgical time in complicated appendicitis. Younger age and lower socioeconomic status affect time significantly. We suggest the implementation of strategies in order to lower prehospital time, rates, and costs of complicated appendicitis.
Neonatal acute ethanol intoxication during the epidemic of COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Sun Chao , Nie Yanyan , Cui Xiaoyu , Zhang Fang , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
After the outbreak of COVID-19, many families equip with 75% ethanol to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2, which increases the risk of exposure to ethanol.

Case presentation
We reported a 25-day-old newborn who was diagnosed with neonatal acute ethanol intoxication with a presenting complaint of accidental consumption about 15 ml formula milk containing 75% ethanol. His main clinical manifestations were irritability, flushed skin, tachycardia, tachypnea, and toxicology analysis detected ethanol. After timely gastric lavage and intravenous fluid replacement, he was cured and discharged.

Conclusions
During the COVID-19 epidemic, high concentration ethanol used for inactivating SARS-COV-2 should be placed reasonably and neonatal feeding safety should be emphasized. Timely diagnosis and symptomatic treatment are essential for the prevention and management of acute ethanol intoxication in newborns.
A school-based program to prevent depressive symptoms and strengthen well-being among pre-vocational students (Happy Lessons): protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial and implementation study
Authors: Rombouts Marieke , Duinhof Elisa L. , Kleinjan Marloes , Kraiss Jannis T. , Shields-Zeeman Laura , Monshouwer Karin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Depression is one of the leading causes of illness and disability among young people. In the Netherlands, one in twelve Dutch adolescents has experienced depression in the last 12 months. Pre-vocational students are at higher risk for elevated depressive symptoms. Effective interventions, especially for this risk group, are therefore needed to prevent the onset of depression or mitigate the adverse long-term effects of depression. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness and implementation of a school-based program Happy Lessons (HL), that aims to prevent depression and promote well-being among pre-vocational students.

Methods
A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) with students randomized to HL or to care as usual will be conducted. Pre-vocational students in their first or second year (aged 12 to 14) will participate in the study. Subjects in both conditions will complete assessments at baseline and at 3- and 6-months follow-up. The primary outcome will be depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) at 6-months follow-up. Secondary outcomes are well-being using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) and life satisfaction (Cantril Ladder) measured at 6-months follow-up. Alongside the trial, an implementation study will be conducted to evaluate the implementation of HL, using both quantitative and qualitative methods (interviews, survey, and classroom observations).

Discussion
The results from both the RCT and implementation study will contribute to the limited evidence base on effective school-based interventions for the prevention of depression and promotion of well-being among pre-vocational adolescents. In addition, insights from the implementation study will aid identifying factors relevant for optimizing the future implementation and scale-up of HL to other schools and contexts.

Trial registration
This study was registered on 20 September 2021 in the Dutch Trial Register (NL9732).
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in migrants and ethnic minorities compared with the general population in the European WHO region during the first year of the pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Jaljaa Anissa , Caminada Susanna , Tosti Maria Elena , D’Angelo Franca , Angelozzi Aurora , Isonne Claudia , Marchetti Giulia , Mazzalai Elena , Giannini Dara , Turatto Federica , De Marchi Chiara , Gatta Angela , Declich Silvia , Pizzarelli Scilla , Geraci Salvatore , Baglio Giovanni , Marceca Maurizio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMigrants and ethnic minorities have suffered a disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the general population from different perspectives. Our aim was to assess specifically their risk of infection in the 53 countries belonging to the World Health Organization European Region, during the first year of the pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42021247326). We searched multiple databases for peer-reviewed literature, published on Medline, Embase, Scisearch, Biosis and Esbiobase in 2020 and preprints from PubMed up to 29/03/2021. We included cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, intervention, case-series, prevalence or ecological studies, reporting the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among migrants, refugees, and ethnic minorities.ResultsAmong the 1905 records screened, 25 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. We found that migrants and ethnic minorities during the first wave of the pandemic were at increased exposure and risk of infection and were disproportionately represented among COVID-19 cases. However, the impact of COVID-19 on minorities does not seem homogeneous, since some ethnic groups seem to be more at risk than others. Risk factors include high-risk occupations, overcrowded accommodations, geographic distribution, social deprivation, barriers to access to information concerning preventive measures (due to the language barrier or to their marginality), together with biological and genetic susceptibilities.ConclusionsAlthough mixed methods studies will be required to fully understand the complex interplay between the various biological, social, and cultural factors underlying these findings, the impact of structural determinants of health is evident. Our findings corroborate the need to collect migration and ethnicity-disaggregated data and contribute to advocacy for inclusive policies and programmatic actions tailored to reach migrants and ethnic minorities.
Synchronous lung and multiple soft tissue metastases developed from osteosarcoma of tibia: a rare case report and genetic profile analysis
Authors: Zheng Chuanxi , Wang Yitian , Luo Yi , Pang Zongguo , Zhou Yong , Min Li , Tu Chongqi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor with a highly metastatic propensity in children and young adolescents. The majority of metastases develope in the lung, while metastases to the extrapulmonary locations have rarely been discussed, especially in skeletal muscle.

Case presentation
We reported a young patient with pathologically diagnosed osteosarcoma of the right tibia who was initially treated with standard chemotherapy and complete surgical resection. However, pulmonary metastases and multiple soft tissue masses in skeletal muscle developed four years after the index surgical resection. Subsequently, a targeted next-generation sequencing assay based on an 806 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes panel was performed to analyze genetic alterations in this patient with rare metastatic pattern. The genetic analysis revealed canonical somatic mutations of RB1 and germline variants of ALK (c.862 T > C), BLM (c.1021C > T), PTCH1 (c.152_154del), MSH2 (c.14C > A), RAD51C (c.635G > A). Using silico prediction programs, the germline variants of the MSH2 and RAD51C were predicted as “Possibly Damaging” by Polymorphism Phenotyping v2 (PolyPhen-2) and “Tolerated” by Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant (SIFT); BLM was classified as “Tolerated”, while the germline variant of ALK was predicted to be pathogenic by both PolyPhen-2 and SIFT.

Conclusions
Osteosarcoma with extrapulmonary metastases is rare, especially located in the skeletal muscle, which predicts a worse clinical outcome compared with lung-only metastases. The several novel variants of ALK, BLM, PTCH1 in this patient might expand the mutational spectrums of the osteosarcoma. All the results may contribute to a better understanding of the clinical course and genetic characteristics of osteosarcoma patients with metastasis.
Arrabidaea chica chloroform extract modulates estrogen and androgen receptors on luminal breast cancer cells
Authors: Brandão Douglas C. , Lima Paula M. A. P. , Martins Isabella C. , Cordeiro Carina S. , Cordeiro Antonielle O. , Vecchi Lara , Guerra Joyce F. C. , Orsolin Priscila C. , Gazolla Matheus C. , Costa Danilo S. , da Silva Filho Ademar A. , Araújo Thaise G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide and, although 70% of patients are responsive to selective Estrogen Receptor (ER) modulators such as Tamoxifen (Tam), patients’ survival is comprised by resistance to endocrine therapy. Brazilian flora, especially the Amazon biome, is one of the richest global sources of native species with potentially bioactive compounds. Arrabidaea chica is a plant native to the Amazon that has been used in the treatment of different diseases. However, its action on BC remains unclear.

Methods
Herein the biological effects of the chloroform extract of A. chica (CEAC) were evaluated on BC cells and in in vivo model. After confirmation of CEAC antioxidant capacity, cells were treated with CEAC and Tam, alone and with CEAC+Tam. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT and hormone receptor transcripts levels were assessed (ESR1, ESR2 and AR). Finally, anticarcinogenicity of CEAC was recorded in Drosophila melanogaster through Epithelial Tumor Test (ETT).

Results
The study confirmed the antioxidant activity of CEAC. CEAC was selective for MCF-7, downregulating ESR2 and AR transcripts and upregulating ESR2 expression. The modulatory effects of CEAC on ERs did not differ between cells treated with Tam and with CEAC+Tam. Interestingly, previous treatment with CEAC, followed by treatment with Tam promoted a significant decrease in cell viability. The extract also presented anticarcinogenic effect in in vivo assay.

Conclusion
The bioassays on breast tumor cells demonstrated the antiproliferative activity of the extract, which modulated the expression of hormone receptors and sensitized luminal tumor cells to Tam. These results suggest that CEAC could be a complementary treatment for BC.