bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological-environmental challenges and restoration of aquatic ecosystems of the Middle-Eastern
Authors: Pirali zefrehei Ahmad Reza , Kolahi Mahdi , Fisher Judith 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWater resource management has numerous environmental challenges, especially in aquatic ecosystems such as rivers due to the heterogeneous distribution of surface water resources, among other diverse impacting factors. In Iran (one of the countries of the Middle-East), population growth, development of urban communities and development of agricultural and industrial activities provide additional impacts on the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The United Nations declared the third decade of this century (2021–2030) as the decade of ecosystem restoration. In this study, we have selected the Zayandehroud River as a case study and then evaluated the pathology of existing statuses. Strategies and approaches were studied and analyzed including the need to utilize integrated water resources management (IWRM), approaches for dealing with drought conditions, payment of water rights and dam alternatives, and the need for ecological landscape studies. Then, strategies and approaches appropriate from the perspective of restoration were identified, including the techniques used, and the experiences of different countries. The analysis showed that similar regions of Iran in the Middle-East need to change the paradigm of "nature control" to the paradigm of "nature management" and reduce reliance on structural and technological solutions in water resources management.
Self-referenced interferometry for single-shot detection of vector-vortex beams
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Nishchal Naveen K. , Omatsu Takashige , Rao A. Srinivasa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVector-vortex (VV) beams are of significant interest for various applications. There have been substantial efforts toward developing a fast and efficient method for the characterization of generated VV beams which is crucial for their usage. Polarimetric approaches are commonly used to identify unknown VV beams but require multiple intensity recordings. This paper demonstrates a technique to detect VV beams and identify their parameters using the concept of self-referenced interferometry. The approach uses a single recorded interferogram to determine the beam parameters that allow rapid detection. The method even enables detection of VV beams having high-order optical vortices.
Effects of praziquantel on common carp embryos and larvae
Authors: Velisek Josef , Zuskova Eliska , Kubec Jan , Sandova Marie , Stara Alzbeta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the toxicity of praziquantel (anthelmintic drug) in different developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on mortality, early ontogeny, growth, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, histology and behaviour. Praziquantel at all tested concentrations ranging from 1 to 4 mg/L showed no significant adverse effects on mortality, the early ontogeny and behaviour locomotory (activity, moved distance and velocity) of carp after 35-day exposure. Concentrations of 3 and 4 mg/L caused significantly (P < 0.01) lower growth, total superoxide dismutase and catalase activities compared with controls. Praziquantel is safe for the early life of carp in concentrations ≤ 2 mg/L.
Spatiotemporal variation in irrigation water requirements in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
Authors: Li Yaqi , Chen Yaning , Duan Weili , Cao Mengzhu , Qin Jingxiu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAgricultural irrigation consumes most of the fresh water in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), directly affecting water resource management and allocation. Irrigation water demand is a key component of regional water resources management. We analyzed spatiotemporal variation in irrigation water requirement, irrigation demand index (IDI), and the proposed regional optimization of irrigation water use based on the Bayesian probability network. Results showed that: (1) The IDI in the study area increased slightly (trend slope = 0.028 a−1) as the effective precipitation increased by 63% during this period, and total irrigation water requirement (IR) decreased from 277.61 km3 in 2000 to 240 km3 in 2015. (2) Cotton had the highest crop IDI, followed by maize and wheat. (3) According to the comprehensive scenario analysis, improving the crop planting structure (by moderately increasing the planting proportion of maize in the CPEC) is conducive to improving regional water and food security by enhancing the grain yield (+ 9%), reducing the malnourished proportion of the population (low state + 7.2%), and bolstering water-saving irrigation technologies in Pakistan as well as water conveyance systems in Pakistan. Our results form an important baseline in determining the way forward on sustainable water resource utilization management in the CPEC.
Convolutional neural network-based classification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias using colposcopic image segmentation for acetowhite epithelium
Authors: Kim Jisoo , Park Chul Min , Kim Sung Yeob , Cho Angela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractColposcopy is a test performed to detect precancerous lesions of cervical cancer. Since cervical cancer progresses slowly, finding and treating precancerous lesions helps prevent cervical cancer. In particular, it is clinically important to detect high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) that require surgical treatment among precancerous lesions of cervix. There have been several studies using convolutional neural network (CNN) for classifying colposcopic images. However, no studies have been reported on using the segmentation technique to detect HSIL. In present study, we aimed to examine whether the accuracy of a CNN model in detecting HSIL from colposcopic images can be improved when segmentation information for acetowhite epithelium is added. Without segmentation information, ResNet-18, 50, and 101 achieved classification accuracies of 70.2%, 66.2%, and 69.3%, respectively. The experts classified the same test set with accuracies of 74.6% and 73.0%. After adding segmentation information of acetowhite epithelium to the original images, the classification accuracies of ResNet-18, 50, and 101 improved to 74.8%, 76.3%, and 74.8%, respectively. We demonstrated that the HSIL detection accuracy improved by adding segmentation information to the CNN model, and the improvement in accuracy was consistent across different ResNets.
Design and function of targeted endocannabinoid nanoparticles
Authors: Barrie N. , Manolios N. , Stuart J. , Chew T. , Arnold J. , Sadsad R. , De Campo L. , Knott R. B. , White J. , Booth D. , Ali M. , Moghaddam M. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNanoparticles and nano-delivery systems are constantly being refined and developed for biomedical applications such as imaging, gene therapy, and targeted delivery of drugs. Nanoparticles deliver beneficial effects by both release of their cargo and by liberation of their constitutive structural components. The N-acylethanolamines linoleoyl ethanolamide (LEA) and oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA) both exhibit endocannabinoid-like activity. Here, we report on their ability to form nanoparticles that when conjugated with tissue-specific molecules, are capable of localizing to specific areas of the body and reducing inflammation. The facilitation of pharmacological effects by endocannabinoids at targeted sites provides a novel biocompatible drug delivery system and a therapeutic approach to the treatment, patient management and quality of life, in conditions such as arthritis, epilepsy, and cancer.
Trans-oral trans-sheath forceps biopsy for patients with severe esophageal obstruction under fluoroscopy
Authors: Jiao Dechao , Xu Kaihao , Liu Yiming , Li Zongming , Wang Yanli , Ren Jianzhuang , Han Xinwei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo investigate the safety and effectiveness of trans-oral trans-sheath forceps biopsy (TTFB) for patients with severe esophageal obstruction under fluoroscopy. From November 2016 to November 2019, 35 patients with level III or IV dysphagia and a Karnofsky score of less than 60 were enrolled to undergo TTFB and esophageal nutrition tube insertion or stenting simultaneously. Data on diagnostic performance, early complications, and radiation dose were collected, and Karnofsky scores before and after the procedures were compared. The technical success of TTFB was 100%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 92.3% (24/26), 77.8% (7/9), and 88.6% (31/35), respectively. Complications occurred in two cases (5.7%). The mean procedure duration and irradiation dose were 23.2 min and 7.2 mSv, respectively. The Karnofsky scores significantly increased after 2–4 weeks (t = 11.22, P < 0.0001). TTFB is a safe and effective method for patients with severe esophageal obstruction under fluoroscopy, especially in those who cannot undergo or refuse endoscopy.
Metagenomic analysis of viromes in tissues of wild Qinghai vole from the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: He Xiaozhou , Wang Xu , Fan Guohao , Li Fan , Wu Weiping , Wang Zhenghuan , Fu Meihua , Wei Xu , Ma Shuo , Ma Xuejun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRodents are natural reservoirs of diverse zoonotic viruses and widely distributed on the Tibetan Plateau. A comprehensive understanding of the virome in local rodent species could provide baseline of viral content and assist in efforts to reduce the risk for future emergence of rodent related zoonotic diseases. A total of 205 tissue and fecal samples from 41 wild Qinghai voles were collected. Metagenomic analyses were performed to outline the characteristics of the viromes, and phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the novel viral genomes. The virome distribution among five tissues (liver, lung, spleen, small intestine with content and feces) was also compared. We identified sequences related to 46 viral families. Novel viral genomes from distinct evolutionary lineages with known viruses were characterized for their genomic and evolutionary characteristics, including Hepatovirus, Hepacivirus, Rotavirus, and Picobirnavirus. Further analyses revealed that the core virome harbored by rodent internal tissues were quite different from the virome found in intestine and fecal samples. These findings provide an overview of the viromes in wild Qinghai voles, which are unique and the most common rodent species in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. A high diversity of viruses is likely present in rodent species in this area.
Fabrication of a lattice structure with periodic open pores through three-dimensional printing for bone ingrowth
Authors: Park Jong Woong , Park Hyenmin , Kim June Hyuk , Kim Hong Moule , Yoo Chang Hyoung , Kang Hyun Guy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLattice structures for implants can be printed using metal three-dimensional (3D)-printing and used as a porous microstructures to enhance bone ingrowth as orthopedic implants. However, designs and 3D-printed products can vary. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether targeted pores can be consistently obtained despite printing errors. The cube-shaped specimen was printed with one side 15 mm long and a full lattice with a dode-thin structure of 1.15, 1.5, and 2.0 mm made using selective laser melting. Beam compensation was applied, increasing it until the vector was lost. For each specimen, the actual unit size and strut thickness were measured 50 times. Pore size was calculated from unit size and strut thickness, and porosity was determined from the specimen’s weight. The actual average pore sizes for 1.15, 1.5, and 2.0 mm outputs were 257.9, 406.2, and 633.6 μm, and volume porosity was 62, 70, and 80%, respectively. No strut breakage or gross deformation was observed in any 3D-printed specimens, and the pores were uniformly fabricated with < 10% standard deviation. The actual micrometer-scaled printed structures were significantly different to the design, but this error was not random. Although the accuracy was low, precision was high for pore cells, so reproducibility was confirmed.
A proliferative subtype of colorectal liver metastases exhibits hypersensitivity to cytotoxic chemotherapy
Authors: Spurr Liam F. , Martinez Carlos A. , Katipally Rohan R. , Iyer Soumya C. , Pugh Sian A. , Bridgewater John A. , Primrose John N. , Domingo Enric , Maughan Timothy S. , D’Angelica Michael I. , Talamonti Mark , Posner Mitchell C. , Connell Philip P. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Pitroda Sean P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPersonalized treatment approaches for patients with limited liver metastases from colorectal cancer are critically needed. By leveraging three large, independent cohorts of patients with colorectal liver metastases (n = 336), we found that a proliferative subtype associated with elevated CIN70 scores is linked to immune exclusion, increased metastatic proclivity, and inferior overall survival in colorectal liver metastases; however, high CIN70 scores generate a therapeutic vulnerability to DNA-damaging therapies leading to improved treatment responses. We propose CIN70 as a candidate biomarker to personalize systemic treatment options for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. These findings are potentially broadly applicable to other human cancers.
Leptin receptor co-expression gene network moderates the effect of early life adversity on eating behavior in children
Authors: de Lima Randriely Merscher Sobreira , Barth Barbara , Mar Arcego Danusa , de Mendonça Filho Euclides José , Patel Sachin , Wang Zihan , Pokhvisneva Irina , Parent Carine , Levitan Robert D. , Kobor Michael S. , de Vasconcellos Bittencourt Ana Paula Santana , Meaney Michael J. , Dalmaz Carla , Silveira Patrícia Pelufo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLeptin influences eating behavior. Exposure to early adversity is associated with eating behaviour disorders and metabolic syndrome, but the role of the leptin receptor on this relationship is poorly explored. We investigated whether individual differences in brain region specific leptin receptor (LepR) gene networks could moderate the effects of early adversity on eating behavior and metabolism. We created an expression-based polygenic risk score (ePRS) reflecting variations in the function of LepR gene network in prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus to investigate the interactions between a cumulative index of postnatal adversity on eating behavior in two independent birth cohorts (MAVAN and GUSTO). To explore whether variations in the prefrontal cortex or hypothalamic genetic scores could be associated with metabolic measurements, we also assessed the relationship between LepR-ePRS and fasting blood glucose and leptin levels in a third independent cohort (ALSPAC). We identified significant interaction effects between postnatal adversity and prefrontal-based LepR-ePRS on the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire scores. In MAVAN, we observed a significant interaction effect on food enjoyment at 48 months (β = 61.58, p = 0.015) and 72 months (β = 97.78, p = 0.001); food responsiveness at 48 months (β = 83.79, p = 0.009) satiety at 48 months (β = −43.63, p = 0.047). Similar results were observed in the GUSTO cohort, with a significant interaction effect on food enjoyment (β = 30.48, p = 0.006) food fussiness score (β = −24.07, p = 0.02) and satiety score at 60 months (β = −17.00, p = 0.037). No effects were found when focusing on the hypothalamus-based LepR-ePRS on eating behavior in MAVAN and GUSTO cohorts, and there was no effect of hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex based ePRSs on metabolic measures in ALSPAC. Our study indicated that exposure to postnatal adversity interacts with prefrontal cortex LepR-ePRS to moderate eating behavior, suggesting a neurobiological mechanism associated with the development of eating behavior problems in response to early adversity. The knowledge of these mechanisms may guide the understanding of eating patterns associated with risk for obesity in response to fluctuations in stress exposure early in life.
Bacteria-on-a-bead: probing the hydrodynamic interplay of dynamic cell appendages during cell separation
Authors: Sauter Nora , Sangermani Matteo , Hug Isabelle , Jenal Urs , Pfohl Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSurface attachment of bacteria is the first step of biofilm formation and is often mediated and coordinated by the extracellular appendages, flagellum and pili. The model organism Caulobacter crescentus undergoes an asymmetric division cycle, giving rise to a motile “swarmer cell” and a sessile “stalked cell”, which is attached to the surface. In the highly polarized predivisional cell, pili and flagellum, which are assembled at the pole opposite the stalk, are both activated before and during the process of cell separation. We explored the interplay of flagellum and active pili by growing predivisional cells on colloidal beads, creating a bacteria-on-a-bead system. Using this set-up, we were able to simultaneously visualize the bacterial motility and analyze the dynamics of the flagellum and pili during cell separation. The observed activities of flagellum and pili at the new cell pole of the predivisional cell result in a cooperating interplay of the appendages during approaching and attaching to a surface. Even in presence of a functioning flagellum, pili are capable of surface attachment and keeping the cell in position. Moreover, while flagellar rotation decreases the average attachment time of a single pilus, it increases the overall attachment rate of pili in a synergetic manner.
Immune system-wide Mendelian randomization and triangulation analyses support autoimmunity as a modifiable component in dementia-causing diseases
Authors: Lindbohm Joni V. , Mars Nina , Sipilä Pyry N. , Singh-Manoux Archana , Runz Heiko ,   FinnGen, Livingston Gill , Seshadri Sudha , Xavier Ramnik , Hingorani Aroon D. , Ripatti Samuli , Kivimäki Mika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImmune system and blood–brain barrier dysfunction are implicated in the development of Alzheimer’s and other dementia-causing diseases, but their causal role remains unknown. We performed Mendelian randomization for 1,827 immune system- and blood–brain barrier-related biomarkers and identified 127 potential causal risk factors for dementia-causing diseases. Pathway analyses linked these biomarkers to amyloid-β, tau and α-synuclein pathways and to autoimmunity-related processes. A phenome-wide analysis using Mendelian randomization-based polygenic risk score in the FinnGen study (n = 339,233) for the biomarkers indicated shared genetic background for dementias and autoimmune diseases. This association was further supported by human leukocyte antigen analyses. In inverse-probability-weighted analyses that simulate randomized controlled drug trials in observational data, anti-inflammatory methotrexate treatment reduced the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease in high-risk individuals (hazard ratio compared with no treatment, 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.88,P = 0.005). These converging results from different lines of human research suggest that autoimmunity is a modifiable component in dementia-causing diseases.
CFD Simulation and Flow Study of a Velocity Compounded Radial Re-Entry Turbine - Elektra
Authors: Janischowsky Fabian , Stümpfl Dominik , Streit Philipp , Weiß Andreas P. , Lesser Andreas 
Published: October 2022

In order to meet the targets set out in the Paris climate agreement of 2015, the energy sector needs to be restructured. In Germany for example the goal is to move out of both nuclear and coal-fired power. In order to fulfil more demanding energy requests alternative sources of energy must be found and made available. One component is the usage of Waste Heat Recovery.
This paper deals with the evaluation simulation of an Elektra turbine, which concept is a velocity compounded radial re-entry single wheel turbine. Based on the first turbine design, multiple simulations were carried out in order to maximize the efficiency. With these simulations, optimization opportunities are described and identified. The paper concludes with a comparison of the results achieved by numerical simulation and on the experimental test bench. The main focus for this paper is to analyze the actual flow phenomena to identify possibilities for further improvements. All simulations were calculated with the commercial software FINETM/TURBO 15.1.
Developmental corpus insights into the writing life of a primary school child in Australia
Authors: Hamid M. Obaidul , Crosthwaite Peter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Children’s writing development is a matter of concern for Australian and other education systems. Factors related
to the nature of writing as a literate skill, school writing pedagogy, and diminishing role of writing in a screen-dominant
environment may account for this educational concern. What happens in a child’s writing when immigrant parents assign them writing
tasks at home taking into account their writing concerns compounded by their family linguacultural backgrounds in an English-only
environment? This paper presents developmental corpus analyses involving data taken from a 1.5-year family writing intervention
program for a primary school immigrant child, using multidimensional analysis to determine the latent linguistic traits
characteristic of the child’s writing development over time. The findings illustrate a range of linguistic features comprising
four main dimensions representative of the child’s writing development, together with a focus on the emergence of his written
self. Although the findings provide data-driven developmental insights into the child’s writing life, the parental intervention
itself presented ethical dilemmas.
Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined
Authors: Yeh Tsung-Han , Shelton Jessie , Olive Keith A. , Fields Brian D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present new Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) limits on the cosmic expansion rate or
relativistic energy density, quantified via the number Nν
of equivalent neutrino species. We
use the latest light element observations, neutron mean lifetime, and update our evaluation for
the nuclear rates d + d ⟶ 3He + n and d + d ⟶ 3H+
p. Combining this result with the independent constraints from the cosmic microwave background
(CMB) yields tight limits on new physics that perturbs Nν
and η prior to cosmic
nucleosynthesis: a joint BBN+CMB analysis gives Nν
= 2.898 ± 0.141, resulting in Nν
<
3.180 at 2σ. We apply these limits to a wide variety of new physics scenarios including
right-handed neutrinos, dark radiation, and a stochastic gravitational wave background. The
strength of the independent BBN and CMB constraints now opens a new window: we can search for
limits on potential changes in Nν
and/or the baryon-to-photon ratio η between the
two epochs. The present data place strong constraints on the allowed changes in Nν
between
BBN and CMB decoupling; for example, we find -0.708 < Nν

CMB - Nν

BBN < 0.328 in
the case where η and the primordial helium mass fraction Yp
are unchanged between the two
epochs; we also give limits on the allowed variations in η or in (η, Nν
) jointly. We
discuss scenarios in which such changes could occur, and show that BBN+CMB results combine to
place important constraints on some early dark energy models to explain the H0
tension.
Looking to the future, we forecast the tightened precision for Nν
arising from both CMB Stage
4 measurements as well as improvements in astronomical 4He measurements. We find that CMB-S4
combined with present BBN and light element observation precision can give σ(Nν
) ≃
0.03. Such future precision would reveal the expected effect of neutrino heating (Neff
-3 = 0.044) of the CMB during BBN, and would be near the level to reveal any particle species
ever in thermal equilibrium with the standard model. Improved Yp
measurements can push this
precision even further.