bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crisis and state investment funds with expiration dates: Risks and opportunities in a decarbonization context
Authors: Braunstein Juergen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince the beginning of the COVID‐19 crises the establishment of new state‐owned funds with expiration dates has accelerated. This new type of fund acquires shares or silent partnerships, or it would take over other components of a company's equity. Through recapitalization, the state funds' assets grow when the injection of capital is needed and the funds shrinks during periods of economic recovery. In other words, the expiration date ensures the eventual transfer of equity stakes to private ownership. While this is a sensible choice for avoiding generous public handouts for ailing firms some unintended long‐term risks remain. Many debt and equity investments have been directed into sectors such as the automotive, energy, or aviation industries. These sectors will face increasing pressure in the future due to structural and policy‐induced changes (e.g., decarbonization efforts to reduce climate change).
Introduction to the practitioners' special section: Financing the green transition in times of crisis
Authors: Søndergaard‐Jensen Mariane , Klasen Andreas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMaking innovation, trade, investment and environment policy goals mutually supportive creates challenges for internationally‐oriented firms, financial institutions, governments and other stakeholders. Will the Ukraine war derail the green energy transition? How can governments and the financial system work together to broaden, deepen, and accelerate the global transition to net‐zero? What are innovation, trade and investment opportunities for green growth? How to refocus government financing instruments to support countries and trade partners meet their climate targets in times of crisis? The IfTI Global Symposium 2022 hosted by the Institute of Trade and Innovation (IfTI) at Offenburg University discussed challenges to trade in a new global order, as well as opportunities and threats of the green transition. This Special Section brings together practitioner commentaries of key symposium speakers.
Safety and efficacy of infliximab and corticosteroid therapy in checkpoint inhibitor‐induced colitis
Authors: Dahl Emilie Kristine , Abed Osama Karim , Kjeldsen Jens , Donia Marco , Svane Inge Marie , Dige Anders , Agnholt Jørgen Steen , Bjerrum Jacob Tveiten , Seidelin Jakob Benedict 
Published: September 2022

SummaryBackgroundCancer patients treated with immune check point inhibitors are at risk of developing severe colitis. However, the efficacy and safety of treatment of severe colitis is poorly understood.AimsTo explore the safety and efficacy of infliximab and corticosteroids in severe immune‐mediated enterocolitis (IMC)MethodWe performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study on 140 cancer patients treated with infliximab due to IMC in Denmark from 2011 to 2021.ResultsThe rate of complete remission with infliximab was 52% after one dose, increasing to 73% after two or more doses. Thirteen patients (10%) required additional treatment with vedolizumab. Patients were heavily exposed to corticosteroids and received a median accumulated dose of 3978 mg (interquartile range [IQR] 2552–6414). Age‐ and cancer‐adjusted Cox regression analysis found that a high dose of prednisolone at start of tapering ≥75 mg/day was associated with increased mortality (HR 1.67, 1.04–2.69, p = 0.035). Patients responding to infliximab experienced an improvement of symptoms after 3 days (IQR 2–4) and complete remission after 31 days (IQR 14–61). Twenty‐four percent required hospitalisation for infection during treatment for IMC, lasting 7 days (median). Secondary gastrointestinal infections occurred in 16%, with Clostridioides difficile being most common (64%). Further, 10% had a thromboembolic event during the first 90 days after infliximab treatment.ConclusionsInfliximab led to complete resolution of symptoms in 73% of patients with IMC. High prednisolone dose at tapering was associated with increased mortality rate and a high incidence of infections and hospitalisations in patients with severe IMC. We suggest optimised infliximab treatment before escalation of steroid doses.
Mutant C/EBPα p30 alleviates immunosuppression of CD8+ T cells by inhibiting autophagy‐associated secretion of IL‐1β in AML
Authors: Wang Jun‐Dan , Xu Jue‐Qiong , Zhang Xue‐Ning , Huang Ze‐Wei , Liu Ling‐Ling , Zhang Ling , Lei Xin‐Xing , Xue Man‐Jie , Weng Jian‐Yu , Long Zi‐Jie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesMutant C/EBPα p30 (mp30), the product of C/EBPα double mutations (DM), lacks transactivation domain 1 and has C‐terminal loss‐of‐function mutation. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients harbouring C/EBPα DM could be classified as a distinct subgroup with favourable prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive.Materials and MethodsAutophagy regulated by mp30 was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. Immune infiltration analysis and GSEA were performed to investigate autophagic and inflammatory status of AML patients from the GSE14468 cohort. Flow cytometry was applied to analyse T cell activation.ResultsMp30 inhibited autophagy by suppressing nucleus translocation of NF‐κB. Autophagy‐associated secretion of IL‐1β was decreased in mp30‐overexpressed AML cells. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that inflammatory status was attenuated, while CD8+ T cell infiltration was upregulated in C/EBPα DM AML patients. Consistently, the proportion of CD8+CD69+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was upregulated after co‐culture with mp30 AML cell conditional culture medium. Knock‐out of IL‐1β in AML cells also enhanced CD8+ T cell activation. Accordingly, IL‐1β expression was significantly reduced in the bone marrow (BM) cells of C/EBPα DM AML patients compared to the wildtype, while the CD8+CD69+ T cell proportion was specifically elevated.ConclusionsC/EBPα DM alleviates immunosuppression of CD8+ T cells by inhibiting the autophagy‐associated secretion of IL‐1β, which elucidated that repression of autophagy‐related inflammatory response in AML patients might achieve a favourable clinical benefit.
Utility of geriatric assessments in evaluation of older adults for kidney transplantation
Authors: Campbell Kellie H. , Ahn Daniel J. , Enger Frances , Zasadzinski Lindsay , Tanumihardjo Jacob , Becker Yolanda , Josephson Michelle , Saunders Milda R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile kidney transplantation has favorable outcomes in patients aged 65 years and older, many are not referred for evaluation despite having no contraindications. We wanted to determine whether incorporating geriatrics and geriatric assessments (GA), as part of kidney transplant evaluation at the University of Chicago Medicine, would help identify suitable candidates and improve transplantation outcomes among older adults.MethodsBetween 2012 and 2016, as part of their multi‐disciplinary transplant evaluation, 171 patients underwent an initial GA with the study geriatrician, who rated them on a five‐point scale from “poor” to “excellent,” and presented their cases to multidisciplinary transplant review meetings. Patients were followed until June 1st, 2021. Predictor variables included geriatric recommendation, clinical characteristics, and demographics. Outcomes of interest were mortality, receipt of transplant, and waitlist placement.ResultsCompared to patients rated “poor,” “marginal,” or “fair,” we found that patients that the geriatrician recommended as “good” or “excellent” were more likely to be waitlisted and receive a transplant. Favorably rated patients were also less likely to be removed from the waitlist due to becoming medically unfit, meaning worsening medical morbidity, frailty, and cognitive status.ConclusionIncluding geriatricians to perform GAs as part of the transplant evaluation process can help identify suitable elderly candidates.
Evaluation of left ventricular function and myocardial deformation in children with beta‐thalassemia major by real‐time three‐dimensional (four‐dimensional) and speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Eroğlu Ayşe Güler , Uluğ Nujin , Karakaş Hasan , Yüksel Esra Karabıyık , Akyel Nazlı Gülsüm , Çığ Gülnaz , Adaletli İbrahim , Özdemir Gül Nihal , Türkkan Emine , Celkan Tülin Tiraje 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the role of real‐time three‐dimensional (four‐dimensional) and speckle tracking echocardiography for early detection of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and also for the relationship between myocardial deformation parameters and myocardial iron load which is measured by cardiac magnetic resonance relaxation time T2* values in asymptomatic children with beta‐thalassemia major.Material and MethodsThis multicenter cross‐sectional study included 40 patients (mean age 15.4 ± 2.9, 42.1% male) and 40 healthy children whose age, gender, and body mass index‐matched with patients. Each participant underwent conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging. Left ventricular ejection fraction; global longitudinal, circumferential, radial strains; twist; and torsion were measured by real‐time three‐dimensional and speckle tracking echocardiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging T2* was measured in patients.ResultsLeft ventricular global longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strains were decreased despite preserved global ventricular function in patients compared to healthy children (p = p = .029, p = p < .001, p = .003, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between patients with T2* ≥ 20 ms and patients with T2* < 20 ms for all echocardiographic parameters. Also, there were no significant correlations between all echocardiographic parameters and T2* values in all patients, those with T2* ≥ 20 ms, and T2* < 20 ms.ConclusionWe found that even in asymptomatic children with beta‐thalassemia major, left ventricular longitudinal, circumferential and, radial functions were impaired by real‐time three‐dimensional (four‐dimensional) and speckle tracking echocardiography. This novel echocardiographic method might be an important tool for detecting subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction irrespective of T2* values.
Continent‐wide patterns of song variation predicted by classical rules of biogeography
Authors: Sebastianelli Matteo , Lukhele Sifiso M. , Nwankwo Emmanuel C. , Hadjioannou Louis , Kirschel Alexander N. G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhysiological constraints related to atmospheric temperature pose a limit to body and appendage size in endothermic animals. This relationship has been summarised by two classical principles of biogeography: Bergmann's and Allen's rules. Body size may also constrain other phenotypic traits important in ecology, evolution and behaviour, and such effects have seldom been investigated at a continental scale. Through a multilevel‐modelling approach, we demonstrate that continent‐wide morphology of related African barbets follows predictions of Bergmann's rule, and that body size mirrors variation in song pitch, an acoustic trait important in species recognition and sexual selection. Specifically, effects on song frequency in accordance with Bergmann's rule dwarf those of acoustic adaptation at a continental scale. Our findings suggest that macroecological patterns of body size can influence phenotypic traits important in ecology and evolution, and provide a baseline for further studies on the effects of environmental change on bird song.
Behavioural indicators of compassionate nursing care of individuals with complex needs: A naturalistic inquiry
Authors: Younas Ahtisham , Porr Caroline , Maddigan Joy , Moore Julia , Navarro Pablo , Whitehead Dean 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore behavioural indicators of compassionate nursing care from the perspectives of individuals with multimorbidities and complex needs.BackgroundComplex patients are individuals with multimorbidity and/or mental health concerns, andoften with medication and drug‐related problems requiring ongoing person‐centered care, mental health interventions, and family and community resources. They are frequent consumers of health‐care services and it is documented that these patients experience discrimination and substandard care. Compassionate care can improve patient care experiences and health outcomes. However, missing is the guidance on how to provide compassionate care for this population from the perspectives of complex patients.DesignA qualitative descriptive approach was conducted in eastern Canada from December 2020–April 2021. The COREQ guidelines were followed for reporting.MethodsData from in‐person and virtual semi‐structured interviews with 23 individuals having experiences as complex patients were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Among them 19 were homeless and lived in a shelter.FindingsSix indicators of compassionate nursing care were generated: sensitivity, awareness, a non‐judgmental approach, a positive demeanour, empathic understanding, and altruism.ConclusionsIndividuals perceived that nurses who acknowledge personal biases are better at providing compassionate care by manifesting compassion through their genuine and selfless interest in the complicated health problems and underlying socio‐cultural determinants of each patient. Kindness, positivity, and a respectful nursing approach elicit openness and the sharing of heartfelt concerns.Relevance to clinical practiceComprehensive health assessment, dedicated efforts to know the patient as a human being, and listening to the patient's preferences can improve health outcomes among individuals with complex needs. Healthcare administrators can effect the change by supporting nurses to address complex health and social care needs with compassion.Patient or public contributionPatients and healthcare professionals helped in data collection at the community care centre.
Scavenger assemblages are structured by complex competition and facilitation processes among vultures
Authors: Naves‐Alegre L. , Morales‐Reyes Z. , Sánchez‐Zapata J. A. , Sebastián‐González E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that allow multiple species to coexist and share resources is an outstanding question in community ecology. Animals that share resources tend to use different strategies to decrease potential competition, through morphological adaptations, establishment of hierarchies, behavioral adaptations or spatial or temporal segregation. The main objective of this study was to infer interspecific processes of competition and facilitation through the study of species co‐occurrence patterns in a vertebrate scavenger guild in de Brazilian cerrado. We analyzed patterns of spatial and temporal co‐occurrence between species pairs, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and determined the activity patterns of the different scavenger species. For this purpose, we placed and monitored 11 large (i.e. goat) and 45 small (i.e. chicken) carcasses by camera‐trapping, obtaining a total of 27 448 images. Our results show complex competitive and facilitative relationships among scavenging species in the Brazilian cerrado that are influenced by carcass size and change depending on the spatial and temporal scale at which they are analyzed. The scavenger assemblages that consumed large and small carcasses were different, evidencing resource partitioning between obligate and facultative scavengers. Furthermore, as an alternative to reduce competition levels, most species showed differences in their scavenging patterns, in addition to a strong temporal segregation during carcass consumption. Regarding New World vultures, our results suggest a strong interference competition between species with clear differences in their ecological traits (e.g. size, social behavior). However, we also found evidence of facilitation processes between vulture species in the location and access to the interior of the carcasses. Our findings highlight the role of obligate scavengers both in competition and facilitation processes in this vertebrate scavenger community. Future research should focus on investigating which species play the most important role in the structure and dynamics of this community, also considering intraspecific and behavioral patterns.
Microbiome composition is shaped by geography and population structure in the parasitic wasp Asobara japonica, but not in the presence of the endosymbiont Wolbachia
Authors: Brinker Pina , Chen Fangying , Chehida Yacine Ben , Beukeboom Leo W. , Fontaine Michael C. , Salles Joana Falcao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe microbial community composition is crucial for diverse life‐history traits in many organisms. However, we still lack a sufficient understanding of how the host microbiome is acquired and maintained, a pressing issue in times of global environmental change. Here we investigated to what extent host genotype, environmental conditions, and the endosymbiont Wolbachia influence the bacterial communities in the parasitic wasp Asobara japonica. We sampled multiple wasp populations across 10 locations in their natural distribution range in Japan and sequenced the host genome (whole genome sequencing) and microbiome (16S rRNA gene). We compared the host population structure and bacterial community composition of wasps that reproduce sexually and are uninfected with Wolbachia with wasps that reproduce asexually and carry Wolbachia. The bacterial communities in asexual wasps were highly similar due to a strong effect of Wolbachia rather than host genomic structure. In contrast, in sexual wasps, bacterial communities appear primarily shaped by a combination of population structure and environmental conditions. Our research highlights that multiple factors shape the bacterial communities of an organism and that the presence of a single endosymbiont can strongly alter their compositions. This information is crucial to understanding how organisms and their associated microbiome will react in the face of environmental change.
A positive blood culture is associated with a lower haemoglobin increment in hospitalized patients after red blood cell transfusion
Authors: Qadri Syed M. , Liu Yang , Barty Rebecca L. , Heddle Nancy M. , Sheffield William P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAbundant clinical evidence supports the safety of red blood cell (RBC) concentrates for transfusion irrespective of storage age, but still, less is known about how recipient characteristics may affect post‐transfusion RBC recovery and function. Septic patients are frequently transfused. We hypothesized that the recipient environment in patients with septicaemia would blunt the increase in post‐transfusion blood haemoglobin (Hb). The main objective was to compare the post‐transfusion Hb increment in hospitalized patients with or without a positive blood culture.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort study using data from the Transfusion Research, Utilization, Surveillance, and Tracking database (TRUST) was performed. All adult non‐trauma in‐patients transfused between 2010 and 2017 with ≥1 RBC unit, and for whom both pre‐ and post‐transfusion complete blood count and pre‐transfusion blood culture data were available were included. A general linear model with binary blood culture positivity was fit for continuous Hb increment after transfusion and was adjusted for patient demographic parameters and transfusion‐related covariates.ResultsAmong 210,263 admitted patients, 6252 were transfused: 596 had positive cultures, and 5656 had negative blood cultures. A modelled Hb deficit of 1.50 g/L in blood culture‐positive patients was found. All covariates had a significant effect on Hb increment, except for the age of the transfused RBC.ConclusionRecipient blood culture positivity was associated with a statistically significant but modestly lower post‐transfusion Hb increment in hospitalized patients. In isolation, the effect is unlikely to be clinically significant, but it could become so in combination with other recipient characteristics.
Understanding of the Single-Item Physical Activity Question for Population Surveillance
Authors: Bauman Adrian E. , Richards Justin A. 
Published: September 2022

Background: Sport New Zealand conducts continuous representative “Active NZ” surveys. Between 2019 and 2020 (n = 13,887), these surveys asked International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)—long-form questions, the single-item days (SI-days) per week question, and 1 question on hours per week (single-item hours [SI-hours] per week). This study examines relationships between the established SI-days question and meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines (150 min moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week from SI-hours question and IPAQ). Methods: Analyses were descriptive, and the best fit between SI-days and the PA thresholds was estimated using area under the receiver operator characteristic curves and Youden index. Results: Using SI-hours, 60.6% achieved 150+ minutes; 85.2% reported the IPAQ-total minimum threshold, and 40.8% met the IPAQ-leisure time PA-only threshold. Receiver operator characteristic analyses showed area under the curve values with IPAQ between 0.63 and 0.76, but the SI-days showed a very good area under the curve of 0.82 (0.81–0.83) with the SI-hours 150-minute threshold. Youden index suggested the best fit was at 3+ days per week for maximizing Sensitivity and Specificity to meet IPAQ or SI-hours-defined PA guidelines. Discussion: The SI-days per week question reflects achieving PA guidelines, and the best fit was with the SI-hours per week question. This provides surveillance-relevant concurrent validity for the SI-days measure, but the cut point for broadly meeting guidelines appears to be at least 3 days per week, not 5 days per week as previously thought.
Examining students’ perception of rural practice following an educational strategy aimed at preparing postsecondary students for rural careers: a systematic review protocol for qualitative studies
Authors: Button Brenton , Regalado Sophie M , Cameron Erin 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionRural areas are widely acknowledged as being at a workforce disadvantage when compared with urban populations. One of the factors contributing to this disparity is the paucity of workforce professionals who live and practice in rural areas. Educational strategies used to train these workforce professionals may help better prepare students for rural careers and thus increase retention. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine students’ perceptions of rural practice following an educational strategy used to prepare students for rural careers.Methods and analysisSearches will be conducted in the following databases: Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebscohost), ERIC (Proquest), Social Services Abstracts (Proquest), PsycINFO (Proquest) and IEEE Xplore. The literature search will be limited to articles published in English in the last 20 years. Data will be extracted for author(s), year of publication (2001–2021), country of origin, research question, research design, participants, where the study takes place (eg, classroom, community), educational strategies used, theoretical approach and findings related to the research question (ie, student perceptions). Methodological validity will be assessed using standardised tools. Two independent reviewers will conduct data extraction and quality appraisal, and any disagreement will be adjudicated by discussion or with a third reviewer. Results will be presented in tabular and narrative formats.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require formal ethical approval as it does not involve direct student contact or student-identifiable data. The final systematic review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.