bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordinated regulation of TORC2 signaling by MCC/eisosome‐associated proteins, Pil1 and tetraspan membrane proteins during the stress response
Authors: Sakata Ken‐taro , Hashii Keisuke , Yoshizawa Koushiro , Tahara Yuhei O. , Yae Kaori , Tsuda Ryohei , Tanaka Naotaka , Maeda Tatsuya , Miyata Makoto , Tabuchi Mitsuaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMCCs are linear invaginations of the yeast plasma membrane that form stable membrane microdomains. Although over 20 proteins are localized in the MCCs, it is not well understood how these proteins coordinately maintain normal MCC function. Pil1 is a core eisosome protein and is responsible for MCC‐invaginated structures. In addition, six‐tetraspan membrane proteins (6‐Tsp) are localized in the MCCs and classified into two families, the Sur7 family and Nce102 family. To understand the coordinated function of these MCC proteins, single and multiple deletion mutants of Pil1 and 6‐Tsp were generated and their MCC structure and growth under various stresses were investigated. Genetic interaction analysis revealed that the Sur7 family and Nce102 function in stress tolerance and normal eisosome assembly, respectively, by cooperating with Pil1. To further understand the role of MCCs/eisosomes in stress tolerance, we screened for suppressor mutants using the SDS‐sensitive phenotype of pil1Δ 6‐tspΔ cells. This revealed that SDS sensitivity is caused by hyperactivation of Tor kinase complex 2 (TORC2)‐Ypk1 signaling. Interestingly, inhibition of sphingolipid metabolism, a well‐known downstream pathway of TORC2‐Ypk1 signaling, did not rescue the SDS‐sensitivity of pil1Δ 6‐tspΔ cells. These results suggest that Pil1 and 6‐Tsp cooperatively regulate TORC2 signaling during the stress response.
Critical care outreach during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An observational study
Authors: Fazzini Brigitta , Nourse Simon , McGinley Ann 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak, the Critical Care Outreach Team (CCOT) remained operational to provide critical care support to acutely ill and deteriorating patients on the wards.AimWe aimed to evaluate the demand and efficacy of the critical care outreach service during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodWe prospectively evaluated all patients referred to critical care outreach enrolled during a twelve‐month period. We reported the cumulative number of activities and interventions and baseline characteristics, acuity level and patients' clinical outcome. The rate of ICU admissions, activity plan, patients' acuity and mortality are compared to historical data pre‐pandemic.ResultsAmongst 4849 patients referred, 3913 had a clinical review and of those 895 were COVID‐19 positive. Non‐invasive ventilation was mostly delivered to COVID‐19 patients (COVID‐19 +VE: 853/895, 95% vs. COVID‐19 −VE: 119/3018, 4%) alongside awake prone positioning (COVID‐19 +VE: 232/895, 26% vs. COVID‐19 −VE: 0/3018, 0%). Compared to pre‐pandemic, the cumulative number of patients assessed increased (observed: 3913 vs. historical: 3615; p = 0.204), patients meeting Level 2 acuity were higher (observed: 51% vs. historical: 21%; p = 0.003), but ICU admission rate did not increase significantly (observed: 12% vs. historical: 9%; p = 0.065), and greater mortality rate (observed: 14% vs. historical: 8%; p = 0.046) was observed.ConclusionCritical care outreach bridges the gap between the intensive care unit and general wards and supports the concept of ‘critical care without walls’ acting as a valuable resource in optimizing and triaging acutely unwell patients and potentially averting critical care admissions.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe COVID‐19 pandemic has generated an unprecedented surge of deteriorating and critically ill patients with has caused severe and sustained pressures on intensive care units (ICUs) and general wards. Acutely ill patients can deteriorate quickly, and early recognition is vital to commence critical intervention on the wards or transfer timely to ICU.The Critical Care Outreach Team can help staff and optimize acutely ill and deteriorating patients by providing timely critical care interventions at the patient bedside.
Rapeseed proteins as fishmeal alternatives: A review
Authors: Kaiser Frederik , Harbach Harvey , Schulz Carsten 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aquaculture sector has been the key factor in meeting the growing demand for high‐quality food by contributing significantly to the global fish production. The portion of fishmeal in aqua feeds has been decreased significantly in recent years, however, increased production in aquaculture still led to demands of fishmeal that cannot be covered by sustainably caught small pelagic fish. Hence, alternatives for fishmeal in aqua feeds are an inevitable necessity. Different plant proteins have been evaluated in the past and rapeseed proteins are considered valuable protein sources for fishmeal‐free aqua feeds. Rapeseed is highly available on a global scale and provides one of the most balanced amino acid composition among plant‐based protein sources. Additionally, rapeseed cultivation is characterised by low production costs, ecological and economic benefits in cereal‐dominated agriculture and provision of two highly nutritive products. Subsequently, rapeseed proteins have been intensely investigated over the past decades and knowledge of the application of these proteins in diets for different species of fish has improved dramatically. However, there is no adequate complete review for the application of rapeseed proteins in aqua feeds. This review outlines and discusses the relevant factors influencing the inclusion of rapeseed proteins as fishmeal alternatives in fish diets and highlights provisional thresholds for anti‐nutritive substances as well as future research needs.
Mulch more so than compost improves soil health to reestablish vegetation in a semiarid rangeland
Authors: Leger Ariel M. , Ball Kirsten R. , Rathke Samuel J. , Blankinship Joseph C. 
Published: April 2022

Up to half of the world's drylands have degraded, dysfunctional soils that lower success rates of restoration efforts to reestablish lost vegetation. Because soil amendments of organic matter have the potential to improve multiple ecosystem functions and overall soil health, we added a mulch of whole mesquite (Prosopis velutina) branches—both alone and in combination with 3 and 6 cm of compost—to a degraded semiarid rangeland. We then measured effects of these organic amendments on a suite of soil health indicators as well as plant cover and abundance. We found that surface applications of these amendments improved several indicators of soil health after two summer growing seasons. Soil temperature decreased and soil moisture increased in all treatments with organic amendments. However, during drier times of the year and in response to smaller rain events, mulch alone increased soil moisture more so than when combined with compost. As expected, total soil nitrogen was greatest with compost addition. Soil organic carbon, water‐stable aggregate size, and microbial abundance did not respond significantly to any treatment. Mesquite mulch increased native plant cover and abundance when applied without compost and increased plant cover when combined with 3 cm of compost, but it did not increase plant abundance or cover when combined with 6 cm of compost. Collectively, these results suggest that a thin layer of compost—but particularly woody branches used as mulch—can improve success rates of revegetation in dryland ecosystems by moderating the soil microclimate.
Exploring the indirect effects of acute dissociation on capability and suicide risk: A multi‐method investigation with augmented reality
Authors: Caulfield Nicole M. , Karnick Aleksandrs T. , Fergerson Ava K. , Bauer Brian W. , Capron Daniel W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe current study aimed to explicate the role of dissociation in the capability and suicide relationship by examining how lifetime and state‐based acute dissociation contributes to capability for suicide using a multi‐method approach of self‐report and augmented reality (AR) laboratory tasks.MethodParticipants (N = 145) were students recruited for course credit at a southern university. Participants completed self‐report and laboratory AR dissociative induction tasks. Correlations and mediation analyses were conducted to test hypotheses using SPSS v. 26 and PROCESS Macro.ResultsThere was a significant indirect effect on capability and suicidal ideation via acute dissociation (β = 0.035, SE = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.095). Additionally, there was a significant indirect effect on capability and suicide attempt(s) via dissociation (β = 0.19, SE = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.044, 0.449).ConclusionsAs prior theories suggest, dissociation may augment feeling disconnected from the body and may temporarily impact capability to render a suicidal act as more probable. The presence of dissociation after a painful and provocative attempt may increase capability and pain tolerance. Implications of these findings include the consideration of dissociation as a pertinent factor in the assessment and treatment of suicide and the role of AR in aiding the exploration of suicide correlates.
A rural laboratory in the Austrian alm—Tracing the contingent processes fostering social innovation at the local level
Authors: Stoustrup Sune Wiingaard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith social innovation being promoted to address the challenge of rural areas, there is a need to understand how processes of social innovation emerge and evolve at the local level. Rather than focusing on singular socially innovative projects, this article argues for an increased focus on how social innovation ecosystems and infrastructures are crucial for fostering and supporting the emergence of new perceptions, aims and practices. Using the metaphor of ‘laboratory’ as a conceptual frame to view rural development, the article outlines the emergence and long‐term evolution of social innovation at the local level with a case study from the Austrian region of Mühlviertel and demonstrates how changes in perceptions and new ideas for local development are institutionalised and linked with intra‐regional governance networks in a temporally contingent process linking incremental and radical social innovations.
Phytate‐iron molar ratio and bioavailability of iron in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Sabuktagin , Shaheen Nazma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVEPhytate, an important component of plant origin foods, works as a chelator for mineral nutrients such as iron. Estimating the phytate‐iron molar ratio is a traditional method to assess the bioavailability of dietary iron, and a ratio >1 is suggestive of poor absorption of iron through the intestinal mucosa. In Bangladesh, the ratio is considerably higher; nonetheless, the haemoglobin and ferritin status are satisfactory. Hence, we appraised phytate‐iron molar ratios and concomitant haemoglobin and ferritin status.METHODSDietary intake of iron and phytate was estimated in non‐pregnant non‐lactating women and school‐age children from a nationally representative survey. The phytate‐iron molar ratios were estimated. Linear regressions on haemoglobin for the phytate‐iron molar ratios and on molar ratios predicting inflammation‐adjusted ferritin were performed.RESULTSThe median ratios were 6.12 in women and 5.47 in children, with corresponding haemoglobin concentrations of 12.6 and 12.5 g/dl. Hypothetical lowering of the ratios by ~50% revealed a nominal increment of haemoglobin and ferritin.CONCLUSIONThe standard cut‐off phytate‐iron molar ratio of >1 is inconsistent with the iron and haemoglobin status of the Bangladeshi population. One plausible explanation for the inconsistency is a non‐dietary environmental factor—groundwater iron. Isotope studies incorporating the iron from dietary and the drinking groundwater sources are needed to establish a ratio which might better explain iron bioavailability.
SORTING NEXIN2 proteins mediate stomatal movement and the response to drought stress by modulating trafficking and protein levels of the ABA exporter ABCG25
Authors: Liang Chaochao , Li Chunlong , Wu Jing , Zhao Min , Chen Donghua , Liu Cuimei , Chu Jinfang , Zhang Wei , Hwang Inhwan , Wang Mei 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYThe phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates ion channel activity and stomatal movement in response to drought stress. Cellular ABA levels change depending on cellular and environmental conditions via modulation of its biosynthesis, catabolism and transport. Although factors involved in ABA biosynthesis and degradation have been studied extensively, how ABA transporters are modulated to fine‐tune ABA levels, especially under drought stress, remains elusive. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana SORTING NEXIN 2 (SNX2) proteins play a critical role in endosomal trafficking of the ABA exporter ATP BINDING CASETTE G25 (ABCG25) via direct interaction at endosomes, leading to its degradation in the vacuole. In agreement, snx2a and snx2b mutant plants showed enhanced recycling of GFP‐ABCG25 from early endosomes to the plasma membrane and higher accumulation of GFP‐ABCG25. Phenotypically, snx2a and snx2b plants were highly sensitive to exogenous ABA and displayed enhanced ABA‐mediated inhibition of inward K+ currents and ABA‐mediated activation of slow anion currents in guard cells, resulting in an increased tolerance to drought stress. Based on these results, we propose that SNX2 proteins play a crucial role in stomatal movement and tolerance to drought stress by modulating the endosomal trafficking of ABCG25 and thus cellular ABA levels.
The GATA factor HANABA TARANU promotes runner formation by regulating axillary bud initiation and outgrowth in cultivated strawberry
Authors: Liang Jiahui , Wu Ze , Zheng Jing , Koskela Elli A. , Fan Lingjiao , Fan Guangxun , Gao Dehang , Dong Zhenfei , Hou Shengfan , Feng Zekun , Wang Feng , Hytönen Timo , Wang Hongqing 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYA runner, as an elongated branch, develops from the axillary bud (AXB) in the leaf axil and is crucial for the clonal propagation of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria  ×  ananassa Duch.). Runner formation occurs in at least two steps: AXB initiation and AXB outgrowth. HANABA TARANU (HAN ) encodes a GATA transcription factor that affects AXB initiation in Arabidopsis and promotes branching in grass species, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, the function of a strawberry HAN homolog FaHAN in runner formation was characterized. FaHAN transcripts can be detected in the leaf axils. Overexpression (OE) of FaHAN increased the number of runners, mainly by enhancing AXB outgrowth, in strawberry. The expression of the strawberry homolog of BRANCHED1 , a key inhibitor of AXB outgrowth in many plant species, was significantly downregulated in the AXBs of FaHAN ‐OE lines, whereas the expression of the strawberry homolog of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS, a marker gene for AXB initiation in Arabidopsis, was upregulated. Moreover, several genes of gibberellin biosynthesis and cytokinin signaling pathways were activated, whereas the auxin response pathway genes were repressed. Further assays indicated that FaHAN could be directly activated by FaNAC2, the overexpression of which in strawberry also increased the number of runners. The silencing of FaNAC2 or FaHAN inhibited AXB initiation and led to a higher proportion of dormant AXBs, confirming their roles in the control of runner formation. Taken together, our results revealed a FaNAC2–FaHAN pathway in the control of runner formation and have provided a means to enhance the vegetative propagation of cultivated strawberry.
A robust autonomous method for blood demand forecasting
Authors: Turkulainen Esa V. , Wemelsfelder Merel L. , Janssen Mart P. , Arvas Mikko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBlood supply chain management requires estimates about the demand of blood products. The more accurate these estimates are, the less wastage and fewer shortages occur. While the current literature demonstrates tangible benefits from statistical forecasting approaches, it highlights issues that discourage their use in blood supply chain optimization: there is no single approach that works everywhere, and there are no guarantees that any favorable method performance continues into the future.Study Design and MethodsWe design a novel autonomous forecasting system to solve the aforementioned issues. We show how possible changes in blood demand could affect prediction performance using partly synthetic demand data. We use these data then to investigate the performances of different method selection heuristics. Finally, the performances of the heuristics and single method approaches were compared using historical demand data from Finland and the Netherlands. The development code is publicly accessible.ResultsWe find that a shift in the demand signal behavior from stochastic to seasonal would affect the relative performances of the methods. Our autonomous system outperforms all examined individual methods when forecasting the synthetic demand series, exhibiting meaningful robustness. When forecasting with real data, the most accurate methods in Finland and in the Netherlands are the autonomous system and the method average, respectively.DiscussionOptimal use of method selection heuristics, as with our autonomous system, may overcome the need to constantly supervise forecasts in anticipation of changes in demand while being sufficiently accurate in the absence of such changes.
Shope fibroma of the eyelid margin in a domestic rabbit
Authors: Chan Kore , Schlesener Brittany N. , Peters‐Kennedy Jeanine , Morrisey James K. , Knickelbein Kelly E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical and histopathologic features as well as response to treatment of a solitary Shope fibroma affecting the eyelid margin of a domestic rabbit.Animal StudiedA seven‐year‐old female intact domestic rabbit with a progressively enlarging firm, pedunculated, and encrusted inferior eyelid mass of the left eye of 1‐month duration.ProceduresUnder general anesthesia, the crust was removed revealing an ulcerated mass that was excised via a house‐shaped resection and submitted for histopathology. Purulent discharge associated with the mass was swabbed for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture and sensitivity testing. Histopathology revealed intraepithelial, cytoplasmic leporipoxviral inclusion bodies consistent with Shope fibroma virus. There was no growth on aerobic or anaerobic bacterial culture. The lesion was completely excised, and no recurrence was noted during a 3‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionsThe solitary nature and clinical appearance of this eyelid margin Shope fibroma are unique. Shope fibroma should be considered a differential diagnosis for eyelid masses in rabbits even in the absence of other cutaneous masses. Thorough systemic evaluation to attempt to distinguish Shope fibroma from malignant myxomatosis should be performed.
Surgical contraception of free‐ranging female capybaras: Description and comparison of open and minimally invasive techniques
Authors: Yanai Priscila R. , Ferraro Mario Antonio , Lima Andressa F. K. T. , Cortopassi Silvia Renata G. , Silva Luis Claudio L. C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop, describe, and evaluate 2 surgical techniques for contraception of free‐ranging female capybaras.Study designProspective study.AnimalsCadaveric (n = 3) and free‐ranging female capybaras (n = 21).MethodsPreliminary studies of surgical anatomy were performed on 3 capybara cadavers. Two different techniques for partial salpingectomy were evaluated in free‐ranging female capybaras: bilateral minilaparotomy (LTG; n = 11) or bilateral laparoscopy (LCG; n = 10). Data concerning body weight, tubal ligation time, total surgical time, incision size, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were analyzed, as well as the clinical status and incisional healing 1 week postoperatively.ResultsBody weight (P = .214), ligation time of the left uterine tube (P = .901), and total surgical time (P = .473) were similar between the experimental groups. The ligation time of the right uterine tube was shorter in the LCG group (P = .0463). In the LTG, no differences were observed between the sides regarding the incision size (P = .478). No major intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in either group. One LCG procedure had to be converted to LTG due to technical issues. All skin incisions healed without complication.ConclusionBoth procedures showed similar and satisfactory outcomes.Clinical significanceThe proposed techniques may be a suitable alternative to conventional laparotomy for contraception of female capybaras, especially under field conditions.
A Mixed L1/H2 Robust Observer With An Application To Driver Steering Torque Estimation for Autopilot-Human Shared Steering
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Wang Zejiang , Shen Heran , Wang Junmin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Driver's steering torque is an essential signal for automated and assistance driving systems to interpret the human driver's intention. In a steer-by-wire (SBW) apparatus, due to the inevitable couplings between the driver steering, electrical motor, and viscous frictional torques, such a vital signal cannot be directly measured via a torque transducer. Instead, model-based estimators are considered a more practicable route. Toward this end, this paper introduces a novel mixed L1/H2 observer to achieve a robust estimation respecting the human driver's steering torque in human-alone and human-automation shared driving. On the one hand, the L1 induced norm from the process disturbance to the estimation error is attenuated. On the other hand, the H2 synthesis seeks to suppress the effects of measurement noises from the steering angle encoder and the motor's current sensor. Driving simulator human subject experiments are effectuated to justify the proposed strategy and manifest its superiorities over a benchmark method.
Research on the Effect of Wind Speed and Angle on Photovoltaic Cell Characteristics
Authors: Wenbo Xiao , Xing Jin , Huaming Wu , Le Huang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The effects of wind speed (F) and angle (θ) on the photovoltaic (PV) cells’ (monocrystalline silicon and triple-junction GaAs solar cells) temperature (T) and output characteristics (the short-circuit current (Isc), the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and the maximum power (Pmax)) have been studied experimentally and analyzed theoretically. The results first show that T and Isc of both cells decrease, but Voc and Pmax of both cells increase with an increase in F (θ). The reason is that the increase of F (θ) results in the heat exchange between the PV modules and the external environment increasing and tending to be stable. Second, T, Isc, Voc, and Pmax change rate of silicon cell are found to be more affected by F (θ) than that of GaAs cell. The reason is that the temperature coefficient of silicon cell is larger than that of GaAs cell. Finally, T, Isc, Voc, and Pmax of both cells are more sensitive to F than θ. This is because the cell’s temperature changes depend more strongly on F.