bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gambling Domain Name Recognition via Certificate and Textual Analysis
Authors: Sun GuoYing , Ye Feng , Chai Tingting , Zhang Zhaoxin , Tong Xiaojun , Prasad Shitala 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On-line gambling is the key illegal behaviour of public security department in most countries due to the potential threat to cyberspace security and social stability. Hence, the research on gambling domain names (GDN) classification is quite important and in great demand for academia and industry. Till now, there is very little research work on this topic. Most of the GDN training datasets in previous work were chosen from GDN blacklists provided by publicly available data sources, and the authors did not verify the authenticity and accuracy of these datasets, and the classification results are not particularly satisfactory. In this paper, certificated and textual analysis-based classification method CT-GDNC is proposed to get GDN training data set with an accuracy of 0.9776 and significantly improve the classification results of GDN. The exhaustive comparative experiments on 10K GDN obtained via Bert fine-tuning model and 10K benign data collected from Alex Top 1 million list show that the proposed method achieves new baseline result for GDN classification with classification accuracy 0.9936, precision 0.9936, F1 0.9936 and recall 0.9939.
Refugees and International Networks after the Fall of Constantinople, 1453–1475
Authors: Harris Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article will investigate the extent to which the contacts made by Byzantine envoys to western Europe from 1394 onwards were later used by them and by their families to secure a safe haven following the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It will examine first the case of Italy and some examples which have been addressed by previous scholarship, as well as one less well documented case. It will then consider whether the same link between envoys and refugees can be discerned in other western countries, taking England as a case-study. Byzantine envoys were active there from 1398 and there is also plenty of evidence for the presence of refugees from 1455. The envoys apparently enjoyed very cordial relations with the English court which in turn led to a romanticised view of England in Byzantine literary circles as a place of safety. An attempt will then be made to identify individuals at the English court who might have had contact with the envoys, focusing on the Neville family. Two members of this family were in positions of influence at the time when the Byzantine delegations were in the country, while another was later the patron of a number of refugees. The article will then assess whether the earlier contact with the family could have been a factor in motivating refugees to travel to England, as well as considering other explanations.
Trust and translanguaging in English-medium instruction
Authors: Williams Dylan G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study investigated students’ perceptions towards translanguaging in their English-medium instruction (EMI) experiences to understand how it affects their access to the subject content. The focus is on EMI at a leading, research-intensive university in South Korea, qualitatively explored using data collected from interviews with ten undergraduate students, and analysed using the principles of constructivist grounded theory. The emerging theory indicates that students’ experiences of ‘monolingually framed’ shifts between L1 and L2 systems can be understood using the notion of ‘trust’ and that trust reinforces binary choices, in particular EMI situations, of using either the L1 or the L2 system. Further discussion indicates that, over time, these patterns of trust may constrain learning. The study suggests that instilling a competence of translanguaging in students will help them overcome these constraints. Pedagogic implications are discussed for ELT practitioners who prepare students for EMI and/or support EMI content instructors in their teaching practices.
Perspectives on barriers and facilitators to lifestyle change after cardiac events among patients in Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study
Authors: Tunsi Afnan , Chandler Colin , Holloway Aisha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsLifestyle interventions are an essential element in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, promoting a healthy lifestyle is challenging because a multitude of factors interact and influence people’s decisions to adopt and maintain healthy lifestyles. The effects of these factors on Saudi cardiac patients are largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators to healthy lifestyle changes among Saudis after cardiac events.Methods and resultsThe study followed an exploratory qualitative research design, using a social ecological approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants (13 men and 8 women) who had a cardiac event. Participants were purposively recruited from cardiac clinics of two hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data were analysed using the qualitative framework analysis, and factors were identified as salient based on their frequency and the potential strength of their impact. Six factors were identified as influencing lifestyle behaviours in cardiac patients, categorized as ‘major’ factors and ‘mediating’ factors. The ‘major’ factors were sociocultural norms, family values, and religious beliefs, and the mediating factors were insufficient healthcare services, physical environment, and policy regulations. Depending upon the behaviours reported and the context, the same factor could be classified as both a barrier and a facilitator.ConclusionThe findings of this study can be used to inform the development of contextual-based interventions to promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles that meet the population needs and are relevant to Saudi society.
COVID-19 and Psychological Distress: Racial Differences Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Hamler Tyrone C , Nguyen Ann W , Mouzon Dawne M , Taylor Harry O , Qin Weidi , Cobb Ryon J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted older adults and Black individuals. Research has focused on physical outcomes, with less attention to the psychological effects of COVID-19. The objective of this study was to examine the interplay between perceptions of the COVID-19 outbreak as a threat to one’s day-to-day life, race, and psychological distress among middle-aged and older men and women.

Research Design and Methods
Analyses were conducted on a subsample of self-identified non-Latino Whites and Black individuals aged 50 and older (N = 3,834) from the American Trends Panel. Psychological distress was assessed with 5 items adapted from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Perceived COVID-19 day-to-day threat was assessed with a single question. Negative binomial regressions tested the study aim.

Results
Perceptions of COVID-19 day-to-day threat were positively associated with psychological distress. Black individuals reported lower distress than Whites. Regardless of gender, greater perceptions of COVID-19 day-to-day threats were associated with greater distress among both White respondents and Black respondents. However, this association was weaker among Black respondents than White respondents. Among men only, the association between COVID-19 day-to-day threat and distress varied by race, patterned similarly to the race differences identified in the total sample. This association did not vary by race among women.

Discussion and Implications
This study contributes to the emerging literature focused on older adults and COVID-19 related stressors and psychological distress. An intersectional lens shows how structural oppression may shape perceptions of the pandemic. Future work should consider coexisting intersections in marginalized identities and mental health during COVID-19.
A combinatorial approach increases SMN level in SMA model mice
Authors: Dumas Samantha A , Villalón Eric , Bergman Elizabeth M , Wilson Kenneth J , Marugan Juan J , Lorson Christian L , Burnett Barrington G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by reduced expression of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Current disease-modifying therapies increase SMN levels and dramatically improve survival and motor function of SMA patients. Nevertheless, current treatments are not cures and autopsy data suggest that SMN induction is variable. Our group and others have shown that combinatorial approaches that target different modalities can improve outcomes in rodent models of SMA. Here we explore if slowing SMN protein degradation and correcting SMN splicing defects could synergistically increase SMN production and improve the SMA phenotype in model mice. We show that co-administering ML372, which inhibits SMN ubiquitination, with an SMN-modifying antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) increases SMN production in SMA cells and model mice. In addition, we observed improved spinal cord, neuromuscular junction and muscle pathology when ML372 and the ASO were administered in combination. Importantly, the combinatorial approach resulted in increased motor function and extended survival of SMA mice. Our results demonstrate that a combination of treatment modalities synergistically increases SMN levels and improves pathophysiology of SMA model mice over individual treatment.
Effects of Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures on Gene Expression During Gonadal Development
Authors: Breitenbach Anthony T , Bowden Rachel M , Paitz Ryan T 
Published: March 2022

Synopsis
There is ample research demonstrating that temperature can have complex effects on biological processes, including the timing of when organisms respond to temperature; some responses occur rapidly while others require an extended exposure time. However, most of what we know about temperature effects comes from studies using constant temperature conditions, which are not reflective of natural, fluctuating temperatures. Species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) present an ideal system to study the temporal aspects of the temperature response because prior research has established a number of temperature-responsive genes involved in TSD, albeit under constant temperatures. To investigate potential differences in timing of sexual development between constant and fluctuating incubation temperatures, we exposed Trachemys scripta embryos to two conditions that produce males (constant 26°C and 26 ± 3°C) and two that produce females (constant 31°C and 31 ± 3°C), and sampled embryonic gonads for gene expression analysisvia qPCR. We analyzed three genes involved in testis differentiation (Kdm6b,Dmrt1, andSox9) and two genes involved in ovary differentiation (Foxl2andCyp19A1). Results show that Kdm6b expression was significantly lower under fluctuating temperatures compared to constant temperatures. Foxl2 and Cyp19A1 expression were also lower under fluctuating temperatures, but not at all stages of development. These results suggest that constant temperatures caused increases in both Foxl2 and Cyp19A1 expression earlier (developmental stage 20) than fluctuating temperatures (stages 22 and 23). Dmrt1 and Sox9 expression did not differ between constant and fluctuating temperatures. These results highlight that not all genes in a temperature-dependent process respond to temperature in the same manner. Whether there are functional consequences of this variation remains to be determined.
Submarket emergence, customer base expansion and strategic entry timing in the evolution of the German farm tractor industry
Authors: Buenstorf Guido , Guenther Christina , Wilfling Sebastian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTechnological discontinuities create new submarkets in existing industries, which may favor incumbents or provide opportunities to new entrants. Complementing prior research on the emergence of integrative submarkets that leave the industry’s customer base unchanged, we introduce the notion of additive submarkets, which are characterized by enlarging the focal industry’s customer base and its heterogeneity. Our empirical analysis focuses on how the emergence of an additive submarket after a competence-destroying technological discontinuity affected entry and firm survival in the historical German farm tractor industry. Using propensity score-weighted hazard models to control for the endogeneity of entry timing, we find that diversifying entrants from customer-related industries were more likely to enter and survive after the submarket emerged. We develop a conceptual framework to structure the implications for entry and survival of various types of entrants when technological discontinuities create new integrative or additive submarkets.
Impella support as a bridge to heart surgery in patients with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Saito Shunsuke , Shibasaki Ikuko , Matsuoka Taiki , Niitsuma Ken , Hirota Shotaro , Kanno Yasuyuki , Kanazawa Yuta , Tezuka Masahiro , Takei Yusuke , Tsuchiya Go , Konishi Taisuke , Ogata Koji , Fukuda Hirotsugu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In patients with cardiogenic shock, delayed surgery after stabilization of haemodynamics and improvement in end-organ function by mechanical circulatory support is known to yield better outcomes than emergency surgery. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Impella (Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA) as a bridge to cardiac surgery in patients with cardiogenic shock.

METHODS
We reviewed 7 patients with cardiogenic shock who underwent Impella support as a bridge to cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass at our institution between April 2018 and August 2021.

RESULTS
Cardiogenic shock was caused by ventricular septal rupture in 3 patients, papillary muscle rupture in 1 and acute myocardial infarction in 3. Cardiac surgery was delayed by 1–7 (3.9 ± 2.5) days with Impella support after the diagnosis of cardiogenic shock, during which the hepatic and renal function of the patients improved significantly. Device-related or operation-related adverse events included re-exploration for bleeding in 3 patients, acute limb ischaemia due to thromboembolism in 1 and intraoperative aortic dissection in 1. Thirty-day mortality was 14.3%, and the cumulative survival was 71.4% at 1 year. The survival tended to be better than that in historical control group in which extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used as a bridge to surgery (P = 0.0992).

CONCLUSIONS
Impella is an effective tool for bridging patients with cardiogenic shock to surgery. This strategy may improve surgical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock. However, prolonged Impella support may increase significant adverse events, and further investigation is required to determine the optimal duration of support before surgery.
Sharp concentration inequalities for the centred relative entropy
Authors: Bhatt Alankrita , Pensia Ankit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study the relative entropy between the empirical estimate of a discrete distribution and the true underlying distribution. If the minimum value of the probability mass function exceeds an $\alpha&gt; 0$ (i.e. when the true underlying distribution is bounded sufficiently away from the boundary of the simplex), we prove an upper bound on the moment generating function of the centred relative entropy that matches (up to logarithmic factors in the alphabet size and $\alpha $) the optimal asymptotic rates, subsequently leading to a sharp concentration inequality for the centred relative entropy. As a corollary of this result we also obtain confidence intervals and moment bounds for the centred relative entropy that are sharp up to logarithmic factors in the alphabet size and $\alpha $.
Recognizing and responding to clinical deterioration in adult patients in isolation precautions for infection control: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Berry Debra , Street Maryann , Hall Kylie , Sprogis Stephanie K , Considine Julie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Patient isolation is widely used as a strategy for prevention and control of infection but may have unintended consequences for patients. Early recognition and response to acute deterioration is an essential component of safe, quality patient care and has not been explored for patients in isolation.

Objective
The primary aims of this study were to (i) describe the timing, frequency and nature of clinical deterioration during hospital admission for patients with isolation precautions for infection control and (ii) compare the characteristics of patients who did and did not deteriorate during their initial period of isolation precautions for infection control.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted across three sites of a large Australian health service. The study sample were adult patients (≥18 years) admitted into isolation precautions within 24 h of admission from 1 July 2019 to 31 December 2019.

Results
There were 634 patients who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. One in eight patients experienced at least one episode of clinical deterioration during their time in isolation with most episodes of deterioration occurring within the first 2 days of admission. Timely Medical Emergency Team calls occurred in almost half the episodes of deterioration; however, the same proportion (47.2%) of deterioration episodes resulted in no Medical Emergency Team activation (afferent limb failure). In the 24 h preceding each episode of clinical deterioration (n = 180), 81.6% (n = 147) of episodes were preceded by vital signs fulfilling pre-Medical Emergency Team criteria. Patients who deteriorated during isolation for infection control were older (median age 74.0 vs 71.0 years, P = 0.042); more likely to live in a residential care facility (21.0% vs 7.2%, P = 0.006); had a longer initial period of isolation (4.0 vs 2.9 days, P = &lt; 000.1) and hospital length-of-stay (median 4.9 vs 3.2 days, P = &lt; 0.001) and were more likely to die in hospital (12.3% vs 4.3%, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Patients in isolation precautions experienced high Medical Emergency Team afferent limb failure and most fulfilled pre-Medical Emergency Team criteria in the 24 h preceding episodes of deterioration. Timely recognition and response to clinical deterioration continue to be essential in providing safe, quality patient care regardless of the hospital-care environment.
Statistical trajectory-distance metric for nautical route clustering analysis using cross-track distance
Authors: Yoo Wonchul , Kim Tae-wan 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis study presents a novel statistical trajectory-distance metric specialized for nautical route clustering analysis. Based on the dynamic time warping (DTW) metric, one of the most used metrics for trajectory-distance, the statistical trajectory-distance metric was defined by replacing the distance term in DTW with a linear combination of the Jensen–Shannon divergence and Wasserstein distance. Each waypoint from a nautical route was modelled as a discrete and asymmetric binomial normal distribution defined by the cross-track distance (XTD) of the waypoint. The model was then used to compute the statistical distance between waypoints. Nautical route clustering was performed using density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise and the statistical trajectory-distance metric. The nautical route for the clustering analysis, including the XTD information, was extracted from automatic identification system data from the southern sea of the Korean Peninsula. The clustering results were evaluated by comparing them with the results of other popular trajectory-distance metrics. The proposed method was more effective compared to other trajectory-distance when the trajectories pass on both sides of a small island, which is frequent case in coastal route clustering.
Reevaluation of the phylogenetic relationships among Neotomini rodents (Hodomys, Neotoma, and Xenomys) and comments on the woodrat classification
Authors: Bradley Robert D , Edwards Cody W , Lindsey Laramie L , Bateman Joanna R , Cajimat Maria N B , Milazzo Mary L , Fulhorst Charles F , Matocq Marjorie D , Mauldin Matthew R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The woodrats or packrats of the genus Neotoma have been the subject of a wide array of research including paleoecology, physiology, morphological evolution, systematics, speciation, and hybridization. In recent years, much work has been done to elucidate evolutionary relationships within and between closely related species of the genus; in particular the addition of newly collected specimens from critical geographic regions has provided new opportunities for taxonomic assessment. Given these new data and their potential, parsimony (PARS), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses were conducted on DNA sequences obtained from nine individual genes (four mitochondrial loci: 12S, 16S, CoII, and Cytb; five nuclear loci: AdhI2, BfibI7, En2, Mlr, and Myh6) to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among 23 species of Neotoma. Results of these analyses depicted a wide array of phylogenetic relationships among taxa; with substantial nodal support recovered in both the ML and PARS analyses at some mid-level and terminal positions. Several individual genes, particularly 12S, AdhI2, BfibI7, CoII, and Cytb, provided support at several basal positions; however, phylogenetic resolution was limited in the other genes. A final BI analysis where the nine genes were concatenated into a single data set produced several supported clades that corresponded to previously recognized species groups (floridana, micropus, mexicana, and lepida) and the subgenus Homodontomys. Levels of genetic divergence for within-species comparisons (estimated from the Cytb data set) ranged from 0.88% (N. magister) to 6.82% (N. fuscipes); for between sister species comparisons ranged from 4.68% (N. devia and N. lepida) to 12.70% (N. angustapalata and N. nelsoni); and for members within closely related clades ranged from 8.70% (N. bryanti and N. lepida) to 12.57% (N. goldmani and N. magister). Evaluations of generic, subgeneric, and species group boundaries were explored using phylogenetic principles on the DNA sequence data presented herein, as well as morphological findings from previous studies. Results obtained suggest that the most conservative taxonomic interpretation involves the abandonment of subgeneric delineations and relies on the recognition of eight species groups (cinerea, floridana, fuscipes, lepida, mexicana, micropus, phenax, and stephensi) as the backbone of the woodrat classification.
Research on the Economics of Cancer-Related Health Care: An Overview of the Review Literature
Authors: Davidoff Amy J , Akif Kaitlin , Halpern Michael T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We reviewed current literature reviews regarding economics of cancer-related health care to identify focus areas and gaps. We searched PubMed for systematic and other reviews with the Medical Subject Headings “neoplasms” and “economics” published between January 1, 2010, and April 1, 2020, identifying 164 reviews. Review characteristics were abstracted and described. The majority (70.7%) of reviews focused on cost-effectiveness or cost-utility analyses. Few reviews addressed other types of cancer health economic studies. More than two-thirds of the reviews examined cancer treatments, followed by screening (15.9%) and survivorship or end-of-life (13.4%). The plurality of reviews (28.7%) cut across cancer site, followed by breast (20.7%), colorectal (11.6%), and gynecologic (8.5%) cancers. Specific topics addressed cancer screening modalities, novel therapies, pain management, or exercise interventions during survivorship. The results indicate that reviews do not regularly cover other phases of care or topics including financial hardship, policy, and measurement and methods.