bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Funding for coronavirus health worker payments
Authors: Bocharova I. Yu. , Rymanov A. Yu. 
Published: October 2022

Objective: to conduct an analysis of the channels, the volume of COVID payments to medical workers and assess the preliminary effectiveness of funding for coronavirus health worker payments.Material and methods. Statistical comparative analysis of data in the field of health care funding was carried out. The assessment of changes in the level of wages of medical workers was performed using the index method and the grouping method. Relative indicators of the structure were used to evaluate the distribution of transfers by region. The study was conducted on the basis of open Rosstat data on the salaries of medical workers.Results. The regional distribution of transfers was regulated in 2020 by the Federal Government. The main channel for financing COVID payments to medical workers was the allocation of transfers and subsidies. More than half of the funding was accounted for by transfers for incentive payments to health care workers for fulfilling particularly important works. The largest share of allocated transfers fell on the Moscow Region (5.6% of the total volume of transfers), Nizhny Novgorod Region (5.1%), and Saint Petersburg (5.0%), the lowest – on the Republic of Kalmykia, the Republic of Khakassia, the Amur Region (0.2% each), the Nenets Autonomous District (0.1%). Transfers for incentive payments for special working conditions and additional workload were paid in 2020 in a total of 670 thousand persons. Transfers for incentive payments for fulfilling particularly important works were paid in a total of 363 thousand medical workers and 53 thousand ambulance drivers. An assessment of the effectiveness of financing COVID payments in the form of transfers and subsidies showed that it was largely due to them that the medical workers’ mean salary increased.Conclusion. The distribution of aggregated amounts of transfers between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was carried out until November 2020 on the basis of the number of persons insured under Compulsory Health Insurance program in a corresponding region. In the early months of fighting the pandemic, the use of this aggregate was appropriate.
Patterns of historical earthquake rupture in the Iranian Plateau
Authors: Berberian Manuel , Yeats Robert S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Iranian plateau accommodates the 35 mm/yr convergence rate between the Eurasian and Arabian plates by strike-slip and reverse faults with relatively low slip rates in a zone 1000 km across. Although these faults have only locally been the subject of paleoseismological studies, a rich historical and archeological record spans several thousand years, long enough to establish recurrence intervals of 1000 to 5000 yr on individual fault segments. Several clusters of earthquakes provide evidence of interaction among reverse and strike-slip faults, probably due to adjacent faults being loaded by individual earthquakes. The Dasht-e-Bayaz sequence of 1936 to 1997 includes earthquakes on left-lateral, right-lateral, and reverse faults. The Neyshabur sequence of four earthquakes between 1209 and 1405 respected the segment boundary between the Neyshabur and Binalud reverse fault systems. The two pairs of earthquakes may have ruptured different faults in each segment, similar to the 1971 and 1994 San Fernando, California, earthquakes. The 1978 Tabas reversefault earthquake was preceded by the 1968 Ferdows earthquake, part of the Dasht-e-Bayaz sequence. The North Tabriz fault system ruptured from southeast to northwest in three earthquakes from 1721 to 1786; a previous cluster may have struck this region in 855 to 958. The Mosha fault north of Tehran ruptured in three earthquakes in 958, 1665, and 1830. Five large earthquakes struck the Tehran region from 743 to 1177, but only two that large have struck the area since 1177. Other earthquakes occurred in pairs in the Talesh Mountains near the Caspian Sea (1863, 1896), the Iran-Turkey border (1840, 1843), and the Nayband-Gowk fault system (both in 1981). Other historical events did not occur as parts of sequences.
The historic seismic moment release in Iran accounts for only a small part of the plate convergence rate, which may be due to aseismic slip or to the Iranian historical record, long as it is, being too short to sample long-term deformation across the plateau. No historic earthquakes of M ≧ 8 have struck Iran. However, several long, straight strike-slip faults (Doruneh, West Neh, East Neh, and Nayband) have not sustained large historical earthquakes, raising the possibility that these long faults could produce earthquakes of M ≧ 8, thereby removing at least part of the apparent slip deficit.
An increased understanding of Iran's seismic hazard could be obtained by an extensive paleoseismology program and space-geodetic arrays, supplementing the abundant historical and archaeological record.
Overuse of short-acting β2 -agonists in the Russian population with asthma: the persisting threat
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Voznesenskiy N. A. , Boldina N. V. , Van’kova E. I. , Zaykova-Khelimskaya I. V. , Ignatova G. L. , Kostina N. E. , Kostrova I. V. , Kochegarova E. Yu. , Kulbaisov A. M. , Leshchenko I. V. , Skal’skiy S. V. , Tikhanov D. A. 
Published: October 2022

Short-acting β2 -agonists (SABA) overuse is associated with negative outcomes in asthma patients. There is a lack of actual data about patterns of SABA overuse in the Russian population with asthma.The aim. To investigate patterns of SABA overuse in the Russian population with asthma.Methods. Data from the Russian population of “SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) III” study were analyzed. SABINA III was a cross-sectional observational study covering 24 countries. Adults and adolescents with a documented diagnosis of asthma for at least 12 months were enrolled in the study. Data on disease characteristics and asthma treatments during previous 12 months were collected using real-time electronic case report forms and were analyzed with methods of descriptive statistics.Results. Majority of the Russian population (n = 618) consisted of patients with moderate/ severe asthma (78.5%). Asthma was uncontrolled or partly controlled in 70% of patients. SABA over-prescription (≥ 3 canisters per year) was seen in 37% of patients. The frequency of SABA over-prescription was similar in patients with mild (35%) and moderate/severe (38%) asthma. SABA was purchased over-the-counter (OTC) in the past 12 months by 30% of all patients, while 14% purchased ≥ 3 canisters of SABA per year. More than 90% of patients who purchased SABA OTC, already received prescriptions for SABA, of whom 59% were prescribed ≥ 3 canisters per year.Conclusion. Russia is faced with very high level of SABA overuse. Over-prescription is the main cause for SABA overuse. To reduce SABA overuse, it is necessary to educate both patients and doctors, and actively implement up-to-date asthma treatments.
Сeftazidime/avibactam in the treatment of exacerbation of a chronic respiratory infection in patients with cystic fibrosis: dynamics of clinical, microbiological, and functional parameters
Authors: Amelina E. L. , Krasovskiy S. A. , Melikhov O. G. 
Published: October 2022

Multidrug resistance of pulmonary pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) requires new therapeutic solutions.The aim. To assess the effect of ceftazidime/avibactam (cef/avi) on clinical outcomes of pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis.Methods. This open single-group observational prospective non-interventional study was conducted in the routine clinical practice settings. Patients over 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of CF and an exacerbation of a pulmonary infection were included into the study after physician’s decision to prescribe cef/avi. The examinations were performed at baseline and on Days 5 to 7, 21, and 30.Results. The analysis included data from 32 patients, 12 (38%) males and 20 (63%) females. The mean age was 31.6 years. Symptoms of exacerbation persisted in 97 % of patients on Days 5 to 7 of therapy and only in 3% at Day 21. FEV1, FVC, SpO2 also improved by Day 21 of the study (all – p < 0.001). By Day 21, proportion of patients with CRP above 10 mg/ml grew from 71 to 9%. The average density of sputum contamination decreased from 7.2 to 5.5 CFU/ml. Quality of life according to Cystic Fibrosis QuestionnaireRevised (CFQ-R) questionnaire also improved.Conclusion. In patients with CF, exacerbation of lung infection in most cases is caused by multidrug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sometimes in combination with Staphylococcus aureus. Infectious agents (P. aeruginosa) remain highly sensitive to cef/avi (up to 91%) in this population so this justifies the use of cef/avi in treatment of a CF exacerbation. cef/avi administration led to relief of the exacerbation symptoms in 97% CF patients, as well as to significant improvement in spirometry parameters, increase in the oxygenation index, decrease in CRP and density of sputum contamination, and improved the quality of life. cef/avi administration was not associated with lethal outcomes, ICU admission, or serious adverse drug reactions.
Retrospective epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 patients in the Department of Radiodiagnosis in M. G. M. Medical College and Associated Hospitals: an audit
Authors: Bhandari Gaurav , Agrawal Simran , Talera Yash 
Published: October 2022

Background: Epidemiological surveillance is the cornerstone for the prevention and control of any pandemic. The purpose of the study was using clinical and radiological data of COVID-19 positive patients to describe the clinical features, risk factors, grading of severity on the basis of chest X-ray and their survival outcome. Methods: A retrospective observational study comprising 9100 COVID-19 positive patients was done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore. Patients' data including demography, clinical findings, vaccination status and imaging findings was collected and assessed in between March 2020 and March 2022. In the descriptive statistical analysis, continuous variables were noted in terms of the mean and standard deviation and nominal variables were noted in terms of percentage.Results: In our study, there were 9100 patients proven with positive COVID-19 disease had abnormal CXRs were detected in 7553 of 9100 patients (83%). In our study, B/L lung involvement (69%) was found to be more with lower lung zone predominance (86.5%) and peripheral predominance opacities (83.7%). The most common finding of chest X-ray pattern is consolidation (65.7%), followed by ground glass opacity (29.0%). Most of the vaccinated patients were found to be in mild category and majority of mild cases didn’t require oxygen support. The chi-square statistic is 79.3372. The result is significant at p<0.05Conclusions: The chest x-ray severity scoring (CXR-SS) system used in this study is a valuable method of disease prognostication in COVID-19. In our study, we found a significant reverse relationship between chest X-ray severity score and oxygen saturation, which has great clinical importance.
Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma of The Lung: A Case Report
Authors: Pazoki Marzieh , Nazar Elham , Jahanbin Behnaz 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Benign metastasizing leiomyoma of the lung which is categorized by the growth of uterine leiomyoma in the lung is an extremely exceptional disease.
Case presentation: We report a 39-year-old woman who had a previous history of uterine leiomyoma. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan exhibited round nodules well-defined margins in both lungs. Thoracoscopic partial resection of the lung was done. Pathological and immunohistochemical examination showed that neoplastic tissue composed of spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells, compatible with uterine leiomyoma. Thus, these tumors can be reflected to be lung metastases from a uterine leiomyoma (benign metastasizing leiomyoma).
Conclusion: It is an uncommon condition but it would be careful in women of reproductive age with a past medical history of uterine leiomyoma, who existing with pulmonary nodules.
The proof of instantaneous gravitation
Authors: Gimsa Andreas 
Published: October 2022

According to Newton, the changes in the gravitational field propagate instantaneously. If we examine the earth on its orbit around the sun and assume a light-fast effect of the gravitation, the following situation would occur: Through the sun, a force would not act directly on the earth's center of gravity, but on the point where the earth's center of gravity was 8 minutes ago, and through the earth, a force would not act directly on the sun's center of gravity, but on the point where the sun's center of gravity was 8 minutes ago. This time delay would cause the Sun-Earth distance to build up and the Earth to leave orbit. We would be dealing with unstable orbits of orbiting masses in space. However, this is not observed.
It is to be proved that the gravity with 1. the constant product of mass and time duration which passes on it, 2. the time dilation, and 3. the permanent enlargement of stable orbits can be described exactly by the Newton's basic law. Newton would continue to apply and describe gravity physically correct in accordance with observation. As a conclusion, there should be an instantaneous gravitational propagation.
"Wojna domowa" by Samuel Twardowski. A work in progress
Authors: Kuran Michał 
Published: October 2022

The article presents the problems caused by the destruction in 1944 of the manuscript containing the copy of Samuel Twardowski’s entitled Wojna domowa z Kozaki i Tatary prepared under the author’s control. For the first part of the work, the basis for the edition must be the edition of the first part from 1660, published under the author’s control. For the second to the fourth part, the Kalisz edition was corrected by Alojzy Kowalkowski’s notes. The edition of Kalisz, as it was censored by the Jesuits from Kalisz for the needs of education in the colleges of the order, cannot constitute the basis for a new edition on its own. We only have the notes of Aloj­zy Kowalkowski, who compiled the manuscript with the Kalisz edition before World War II. As the individual copies of the Kalisz edition differ, relations between them should be established. Moreover, we do not know whether the burned manuscript was the basis for the Kalisz edition, or whether there is a copy of the work that was directly used by Jesuit printers. In the diocesan archives in Pelplin, the notes of Kowalkowski, which may be a handwritten copy of either a lost manuscript or the Kalisz edition. If they were a copy of the manuscript, could they become the basis for a new edition of parts II–IV of the work?
„Pamiętnik z Sołówek” Mieczysława Lenardowicza
Authors: Morawiec Arkadiusz 
Published: October 2022

Artykuł dotyczy „pamiętnika z Sołówek” Mieczysława Lenardowicza, opublikowanego dwukrotnie w 1930 roku. Wersja krótsza utworu, zatytułowana Pamiętnik z Sołówek, ukazała się nakładem Towarzystwa Wydawniczego „Rój”, zaś wersja obszerniejsza, Na wyspach tortur i śmierci. Pamiętnik z Sołówek, została wydana przez Wojskowy Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy. Utwór Lenardowicza jest prawdopodobnie pierwszym polskim dziełem literatury łagrowej, i szerzej, literatury obozowej. Uwagi dotyczące utworu: jego genezy, wersji, formy, zawartości i pragmatyki, poprzedza próba ustalenia tożsamości autora, o którym praktycznie niczego nie wiadomo.
Training needs to develop the professional of Arabic language teachers
Authors: Ahasiri Ahmad Abdull 
Published: October 2022

The objectives of this study were to assess the training needs for Arabic language instructors from the teachers' point of view, as well as to examine if there are statistically significant variations in the replies of Arabic language teachers to professional development training needs based on gender and experience. The research relied on the descriptive and analytical approach. The study sample included (107) male and female teachers, with a total of (25) items split across three dimensions. The study's findings revealed that there was a strong need for techniques for teaching Arabic language branches, while the need to analysis curricula and Arabic language books and delve deeper into the Arabic language was moderate degree. The results of the study also revealed that there were no statistically significant variations in the responses of the sample members related to the factors of gender and experience.
Keywords training needs, professional development, teaching methods, curriculum analysis, language deepening, preparatory level.
Comparative Analysis of Companies' Financial Performance Before and After Mergers and Acquisitions (Study on Companies Listed on the IDX and Conducting Mergers and Acquisitions in 2017)
Authors: Shoimaturrohmah Binti , Zulkifli Makhmud 
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the differences in the company's financial performance between before and after mergers and acquisitions. The financial performance used in this study is data three years before and three years after mergers and acquisitions. In this study, the company's financial performance was measured using seven ratios. The ratios used include Quick Ratio (QR), Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Debt Ratio (DR), Debt To Equity Ratio (DER), Total Assets Turnver (TATO) and Earning Per Share ( EPS). The sample used in this study were 5 companies that carried out mergers and acquisitions in 2017 and were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive statistical analysis. Testing the normality of the data using the One Sample Kolmogorv Smirnov test. The different test used was the Paired Samples T-test for data that was normally distributed and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test for data that was not normally distributed. The results of this study indicate that QR and DER show a significant difference between the three years before and three years after mergers and acquisitions. While the other ratios, namely ROA, ROE, DR, TATO, and EPS showed no significant difference between before and after mergers and acquisitions.
Optimization of insect genomic DNA and total RNA extraction protocols for high fidelity gene sequencing
Authors: Nascimento Eliza F. de Melo Bellard do , Lucena-Leandro Vívian dos Santos , Torres Caroline R. , Vidal Leonardo A. , Junqueira Camila Ivo C. V. F. , de Almeida Juliana Dantas , Albuquerque Érika Valéria Albuquerque Saliba 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There is a strong demand for sustainable, durable, safe, and specific solutions against agricultural pests due to breeding limitations and chemical control constraints. Biotechnological approaches to insect pests require phylogenetic information at the molecular level for RNAi application and other tailored strategies, such as insecticide resistance molecular markers. Sequencing technologies have advanced in resolution, speed, and cost-effectiveness to offer striking impact on genomics and transcriptomics. To provide deep and reliable data to high-throughput studies, state-of-the art technologies require high purification and integrity of the submitted samples. However, the limited number of existing protocols to obtain high mass nucleic acids from insects render difficult to obtain elevated purity and integrity standards. Species characteristics, as scales covered bodies of Lepidoptera and mining eating habits, hinder the quality of nucleic acid samples. Additionally, small size individuals are limited to yield sufficient amounts to robust base sequence coverage. The coffee leaf miner (CLM) Leucoptera coffeella is microlepdoptera insect responsible for severe leaf damage and huge yield losses to the coffee crop. Here we present simple and reproducible procedures we used to successfully obtain the whole-genome long-read PACBIO and Illumina (DNA) and transcriptome (RNA) of L. coffeella for de novo assembly. Therefore, we developed customized protocols applicable to insects to the extraction of genomic High Molecular Weight DNA and total RNA suitable for downstream high standard sequencing applications and other sensitive molecular analyses.
Warming and predation risk only weakly shape size-mediated priority effects in a cannibalistic damselfly
Authors: Raczyński Mateusz , Stoks Robby , Sniegula Szymon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDifferences in hatching dates can shape intraspecific interactions through size-mediated priority effects (SMPE), a phenomenon where bigger, early hatched individuals gain advantage over smaller, late hatched ones. However, it remains unclear to what extent and how SMPE are affected by key environmental factors such as warming and predation risk imposed by top predators. We studied effects of warming (low and high temperature) and predation risk (presence and absence of predator cues of perch) on SMPE in life history and physiological traits in the cannibalistic damselflyIschnura elegans. We induced SMPE in the laboratory by manipulating hatching dates, creating following groups: early and late hatchlings reared in separate containers, and mixed phenology groups where early and late hatchlings shared the same containers. We found strong SMPE for survival and emergence success, with the highest values in early larvae of mixed phenology groups and the lowest values in late larvae of mixed phenology groups. Neither temperature nor predator cues affected SMPE for these two traits. The other life history traits (development rate and mass at emergence) did not show SMPE, but were affected by temperature and predator cues. A tendency for SMPE was found for protein content, in the high temperature treatment. The other physiological traits (phenoloxidase activity and fat content) showed fixed expressions across treatments, indicating decoupling between physiology and life history. The results underline that SMPEs are trait-dependent, and only weakly or not affected by temperature and predation risk.
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with eribulin
Authors: Matsuura Kazuo , Kohyama Shunsuke , Asano Aya , Shimada Hiroko , Osaki Akihiko , Saeki Toshiaki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Eribulin is widely used in treating metastatic breast cancer (BC). Higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (PLR) are associated with higher mortality in several cancers. However, the association between BC prognosis and peripheral immune status remains controversial. We quantified the relative effects of NLR and PLR on survival in patients with recurrent/stage IV BC and evaluated their clinical prognostic value.
Methods
This retrospective study included 156 patients with recurrent/stage IV disease who received eribulin monotherapy at Saitama Medical University International Medical Center. We examined clinicopathological features (peripheral blood findings and biochemical liver and kidney function test results) and conducted univariate and multivariate analyses of the overall survival (OS).
Results
The 156 eribulin-treated patients had a median follow-up duration of 18.3 months. Before eribulin treatment, patients with absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) > 1500/uL, NLRs < 3.0, and PLRs < 150 had significantly longer OS than those with lower ALC, and higher NLR and PLRs (median OS, 25.5 vs. 15.5 months; p < 0.01; 20.3 vs. 13.6 months, p < 0.01; and 29.2 vs. 14.8 months; p < 0.001, respectively). Patients with anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL) or liver dysfunction (albumin-bilirubin grade 2/3) had significantly shorter OS than those without (p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed low albumin-bilirubin grade (p < 0.001), high hemoglobin (p < 0.01), and low PLR (< 0.05) as independent factors of longer OS after eribulin administration.
Conclusions
Low PLR, anemia, and liver dysfunction might be factors associated with prolonged OS in patients with recurrent/stage IV BC on eribulin therapy, and could be clinically useful, as their evaluation requires neither new equipment nor invasive testing.