bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are there BPS dyons in the generalized SU(2) Yang–Mills–Higgs model?
Authors: Atmaja Ardian Nata 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe use the well-known Bogomolny’s equations, in general coordinate system, for BPS monopoles and dyons in the SU(2) Yang–Mills–Higgs model to obtain an explicit form of BPS Lagrangian density under the BPS Lagrangian method. We then generalize this BPS Lagrangian density and use it to derive several possible generalized Bogomolny’s equations, with(out) additional constraint equations, for BPS monopoles and dyons in the generalized SU(2) Yang–Mills–Higgs model. We also compute the stress–energy–momentum tensor of the generalized model, and argue that the BPS monopole and dyon solutions are stable if all components of the stress-tensor density are zero in the BPS limit. This stability requirement implies the scalar fields-dependent couplings to be related to each other by an equation, which is different from the one obtained in Atmaja and Prasetyo (Adv High Energy Phys 2018:7376534, arXiv: 1803.06122, 2018), and then picks particular generalized Bogomolny’s equations, with no additional constraint equation, out of those possible equations. We show that the computations in [1] are actually incomplete. Under the Julia–Zee ansatz, the generalized Bogomolny’s equations imply all scalar fields-dependent couplings must be constants, whose solutions are the BPS dyons of the SU(2) Yang–Mills–Higgs model (Prasad and Sommerfield in Phys Rev Lett 35:760, 1975), or in another words there are no generalized BPS dyon solutions under the Julia–Zee ansatz. We propose two possible ways for obtaining generalized BPS dyons, where at least one of the scalar fields-dependent couplings is not constant, that are by using different ansatze, such as axially symmetric ansatz for higher topological charge dyons; and/or by considering the most general BPS Lagrangian density.
Real spectral triples on crossed products
Authors: Rubin Alessandro , Dąbrowski Ludwik 
Published: July 2022

Given a spectral triple on a unital [Formula: see text]-algebra [Formula: see text] and an equicontinuous action of a discrete group [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], a spectral triple on the reduced crossed product [Formula: see text]-algebra [Formula: see text] was constructed by Hawkins, Skalski, White and Zacharias in [On spectral triples on crossed products arising from equicontinuous actions, Math. Scand. 113(2) (2013) 262–291], extending the construction by Belissard, Marcolli and Reihani in [Dynamical systems on spectral metric spaces, preprint (2010), arXiv:1008.4617], by using the Kasparov product to make an ansatz for the Dirac operator. Supposing that the triple on [Formula: see text] is equivariant for an action of [Formula: see text], we show that the triple on [Formula: see text] is equivariant for the dual coaction of [Formula: see text]. If moreover an equivariant real structure [Formula: see text] is given for the triple on [Formula: see text], we give constructions for two inequivalent real structures on the triple [Formula: see text]. We compute the KO-dimension with respect to each real structure in terms of the KO-dimension of [Formula: see text] and show that the first- and the second-order conditions are preserved. Lastly, we characterize an equivariant orientation cycle on the triple on [Formula: see text] coming from an equivariant orientation cycle on the triple on [Formula: see text]. We show, along the paper, that our constructions generalize the respective constructions of the equivariant spectral triple on the noncommutative [Formula: see text]-torus.
Reconstruction in the Horndeski theory within the scope of the Bianchi I cosmology
Authors: Muharlyamov Ruslan K. , Pankratyeva Tatiana N. 
Published: July 2022

In this paper, [R. K. Muharlyamov and T. N. Pankratyeva, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 590 (2021)] we have proposed a reconstruction method for the kinetic gravity braiding theory in the framework of the flat Friedman–Robertson–Walker spacetime. Here, we develop this method in the Bianchi I spacetime model for a subclass of the Horndeski theory: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. The Hubble parameter [Formula: see text] and the canonical kinetic term [Formula: see text] are set a priori. The choice of the function [Formula: see text] determines the anisotropic properties of the Universe. This makes it possible to provide believable anisotropy. The presented method allows for a realistic model of the Universe to simply reconstruct some scalar field theory. Reconstruction example is given for anisotropic model of a post-inflationary transition to the radiation-dominated phase. The model is investigated for the absence ghosts and Laplacian instabilities.
On some properties of elliptic partial differential equation solutions
Authors: Gushchin A. K. 
Published: July 2022

This paper is devoted to the study of properties of second-order elliptic equation solutions. The main content of the paper coincides with the report made by the author at the international conference dedicated to the 75th anniversary of I. V. Volovich. The solution behavior near the boundary and the Dirichlet problem formulation, which is closely related to this issue, are studied. At the end of the paper, we will briefly discuss the results obtained in elegant and extremely important works by E. De Giorgi and J. Nash regarding Hölder continuity of the equation solutions within the considered domain. We present results that combine and complement the belonging of the solution to the Hölder and Sobolev spaces. Note that all the concepts and statements under consideration are united by a common approach and are formulated in close terms.
Well-posedness and exponential decay for the Navier–Stokes equations of viscous compressible heat-conductive fluids with vacuum
Authors: Lai Suhua , Xu Hao , Zhang Jianwen 
Published: July 2022

This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem of Navier–Stokes equations for compressible viscous heat-conductive fluids with far-field vacuum at infinity in [Formula: see text]. For less regular data and weaker compatibility condition than those proposed by Cho–Kim [Existence results for viscous polytropic fluids with vacuum, J. Differ. Equ. 228 (2006) 377–411], we first prove the existence of local-in-time solutions belonging to a larger class of functions in which the uniqueness can be shown to hold. The local solution is in fact a classical one away from the initial time, provided the initial density is more regular. We also establish the global well-posedness of classical solutions with large oscillations and vacuum in the case when the initial total energy is suitably small. The exponential decay estimates of the global solutions are obtained.
Three-dimensional quantification of protoporphyrin IX in photodynamic therapy using SFDI/DFT: A pilot experimental validation
Authors: Dan Mai , Song Weijie , Liu Meihui , Zhang Yaru , Gao Feng 
Published: July 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) dosimetry, including light dose, photosensitizer dose and tissue oxygen, has been a research focus in PDT. In this work, we present a three-dimensional (3D) quantification of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) using combined spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) and diffuse fluorescence tomography (DFT). The SFDI maps both the distributions of tissue absorption and scattering properties at three wavelengths and accordingly provides the optical background for DFT and extracts the tissue oxygenation for assessing the therapeutic outcomes, while DFT dynamically monitors the 3D distribution of PpIX dose from measured fluorescence signals for the procedure optimization. A pilot in vivo application in tumor nude models showed that the proposed SFDI/DFT is able to dynamically trace changes in the PpIX concentration and tissue oxygen during the treatment, rendering it a potentially powerful tool for PDT to improve clinical efficacy.
Limiting eigenvalue behavior of a class of large dimensional random matrices formed from a Hadamard product
Authors: Silverstein Jack W. 
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates the strong limiting behavior of the eigenvalues of the class of matrices [Formula: see text], studied in [V. L. Girko, Theory of Stochastic Canonical Equations: Vol. [Formula: see text] (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2001)]. Here, [Formula: see text] is an [Formula: see text] random matrix consisting of independent complex standardized random variables, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], has nonnegative entries, and ∘ denotes Hadamard (componentwise) product. Results are obtained under assumptions on the entries of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which are different from those in [V. L. Girko, Theory of Stochastic Canonical Equations: Vol. 1 (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2001)], which include a Lindeberg condition on the entries of [Formula: see text], as well as a bound on the average of the rows and columns of [Formula: see text]. The present paper separates the assumptions needed on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. It assumes a Lindeberg condition on the entries of [Formula: see text], along with a tightness-like condition on the entries of [Formula: see text].
Basic Statistics for Surgeons
Authors: XU Joshua , AN Vincent V.G. , SIVAKUMAR Brahman S. 
Published: July 2022

Interpreting research is an important skill to ensure one can maintain their practise with current evidence. The technicalities of statistics can be daunting and thus, this article aims to provide a clear overview of key statistical tests that a surgeon will encounter. It highlights the various study designs, summary statistics and comparative tests that are used in clinical research. Furthermore, it provides a guide to determine which statistical method is most appropriate for various study designs. Overall, it aims to act as an introductory text to supplement further reading into the more advanced statistical methodologies. Level of Evidence: Level V
Patient-Centred Outcomes Following Open Carpal Tunnel Release: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature
Authors: LIAO Christopher D. , ABDOU Salma A. , DAAR David A. , LEE Z-Hye , THANIK Vishal 
Published: July 2022

Background: Patients’ individual interpretations of their own health outcomes are becoming increasingly important metrics in defining clinical success across all specialties, especially in hand surgery. However, there is a relative paucity of data using validated health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) assessments for carpal tunnel release (CTR). The purpose of this study was to review published outcomes on traditional open CTR to formally assess the current need for more accurate, validated assessment tools to evaluate CTR-specific HR-QoL. Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were queried according to PRISMA guidelines for all studies investigating patient-reported outcomes following traditional open CTR. Analysis focused on HR-QoL, symptomatic relief, functional status, overall satisfaction and return to work or activities of daily living (ADLs). Results: In total, 588 unique articles were screened, and 30 studies met selection criteria. HR-QoL was formally assessed in only 3 studies using the validated 36-Item Short Form Survey. Symptomatic relief was measured in 29 (97%) studies, making it the most frequently reported item, whereas functional ability was reported by 19 (63%) studies. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire was the most frequently utilised tool to assess symptomatic relief (13/30) and functional improvement (11/30). Using unvalidated custom surveys, 14 studies (47%) reported patient satisfaction and 12 studies (40%) documented time to return to work/ADLs. Conclusion: There is a dearth of studies utilising HR-QoL assessment tools to evaluate outcomes following traditional open CTR. The creation and validation of new CTR-specific HR-QoL tools accounting for both physical and psychological health is warranted. Level of Evidence: Level II (Therapeutic)
A Comparison of Arc of Motion, Radiological Parameters of the Wrist and Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation between Adult Transfusion Dependent Thalassemics and Normal Subjects
Authors: GARG Varun , DHAWAN Pawan , VALSANGKAR Nikhil , KUMAR Ajeet 
Published: July 2022

Background: Bony deformities and arthropathies have been noticed in thalassemia patients. The aim of this study is to compare the arc of motion and radiological parameters of the wrist and patient rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) between adult transfusion-dependent thalassemics and normal subjects. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was done in the department of orthopaedics over a period of 2 years where a total of 30 skeletally mature thalassemia major patients (group A) were assessed. The data was then compared with the data of demographically matched 30 healthy adults (group B). Arc of motion of the dominant wrist that included flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation, pronation and supination was measured using a handheld goniometer for both groups. Radiographs of the dominant wrist were obtained in both groups and used to determine the radial height, radial articular angle and carpal slip. PRWE was used to assess the function of the wrist. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Clinical abnormalities at the wrist joint were found in 80% of thalassaemia patients. There was a statistically significant increase in ulnar deviation, wrist extension and decrease in wrist flexion in group A compared to group B. Radiological abnormalities were found in 100% of thalassaemia patients. All the radiological parameters were significantly increased in group A compared to group B. There were no differences in PRWE scores between both groups. Conclusion: Clinical and radiological changes of wrist joint occur in skeletally mature thalassaemia major patients due to shortened ulna compared to healthy adults. This may be due to disease itself, bone marrow expansion, osteopenia, drug (chelating agent) or iron toxicity. Understanding the changes at the wrist in patients with thalassemia major is important to increasing the life expectancy of these patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Diagnostic)
Self-Reported Disability Following Surgery for Dupuytren Contracture in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients
Authors: STIRLING Paul H. C. , DUCKWORTH Andrew D. , McEACHAN Jane E. 
Published: July 2022

Background: The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of diabetes mellitus on patient-reported functional outcome measures (PROMs) and satisfaction following surgical treatment of Dupuytren contracture. Methods: Preoperative and 1-year postoperative PROMs were collected prospectively over 6 years (2013–2019). Patients completed the QuickDASH score and were asked ‘how normal is your hand?’, recording responses on a 100-point visual analogue scale. Patient satisfaction was also self-reported. Results: Paired responses were available for 520 hands (478 patients; 72% follow-up rate). There were 62 patients with diabetes (12%). Pre (12.5 vs. 9.1; p = 0.01) and postoperative (11.4 vs. 6.8; p = 0.02) QuickDASH scores were significantly, but not clinically, worse in diabetic patients. Patient satisfaction was high in both groups. A large and significant improvement in self-perceived hand normality was observed in both groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in preoperative or change in hand normality between the groups, but the postoperative normal hand score was significantly higher in non-diabetic patients (94 vs. 90; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated statistically significantly worse disability in diabetic patients with Dupuytren contracture both pre- and postoperatively, though the observed differences were far below the minimum clinically important difference for the QuickDASH. Both groups reported a large and statistically significant improvement in self-perceived hand normality following surgery. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Use of a Free Medial Femoral Condyle Periosteal Flap in Digital Reconstruction – A Report of Two Patients
Authors: HIBINO Naohito , YAMANO Masahiro , HAMADA Yoshitaka , TAKAHASHI Yoshinori 
Published: July 2022

We reconstructed a segmental bone defect in a finger associated with a dorsal skin defect using a bone graft covered with a free medial femoral condyle periosteal flap and a skin graft in two patients. The vascularised periosteal flap (VPF) improved the survival of the bone graft and allowed the take of the skin graft. The use of a VPF can be considered in patients with crush injury of the digits with segmental loss of bone and dorsal skin Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
On-Top Plasty in Post-Axial Polydactyly: A Case Report and Recommendation to Modify the Classifications
Authors: MOZAFFARIAN Kamran , VOSOUGHI Amir Reza , MOZAFFARIAN Dordaneh 
Published: July 2022

Post-axial polydactyly (PAP) is almost always treated by ablation of the sixth ray since the ulnar duplicate is universally inadequate and the radial one is normal. We report a patient with bilateral PAP with skeletal abnormalities in both radial and ulnar duplicates. This unusual presentation cannot be classified according to previous classifications of PAP and precludes simple ablation as the treatment of choice. Both hands of this patient were treated by on-top plasty with excellent functional and cosmetic results. A modification of the previous classifications is recommended at the end of this article. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Development of Atypical Ulnar Fracture is Associated with Bisphosphonate Therapy and Severe Spinal Deformity: A Case Report
Authors: OKAMOTO Michio , KASHII Masafumi , ABE Shingo 
Published: July 2022

Atypical ulna fracture (AUF) is relatively rare and is known to be associated with prolonged bisphosphonate (BP) use. The developmental mechanism remains unclear. We report a patient with an AUF associated with BP and severe spinal deformity. The patient was an 85-year-old woman receiving oral alendronate for 8 years without vitamin D supplementation. During regular kitchen work, she needed left upper limb support. She presented with atraumatic pain over the ulna. Radiographs revealed a transverse fracture in the proximal ulna and ulna bowing deformity. Whole-spine standing radiographs showed severe degenerative kyphoscoliosis. The skin induration with pigmentation on her left elbow that suggested prolonged overload and during standing work, coincided exactly with fracture location. This report suggests that ‘direct stress’, with persistent local overload on the proximal ulna, is one of the developmental mechanisms of AUF, in addition to persistent suppression of bone remodelling by prolonged BP use and vitamin D deficiency. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Quadrant Flap for Fingertip Reconstruction in Macrodactyly: Technique and Case Report
Authors: KAEMPF DE OLIVEIRA Ricardo , FARINA BRUNELLI João Pedro , SOLDADO Francisco , VERGARA AMADOR Enrique 
Published: July 2022

Macrodactyly is a serious and rare disease and considered one of the most difficult pathologies to treat. There is no rule and the treatment for each patient must be tailor-made, depending on the location and degree of macrodactyly. Although amputation is a valid option for adult patients, nail preservation and reconstruction are important and has a direct impact on the treatment outcome, both aesthetically and on the patient’s self-esteem. We have used a wide, z-shaped fingertip flap associated with the preservation of a nail quadrant, bone shortening and distal interphalangeal arthrodesis. We have obtained good functional and aesthetic outcomes with this ‘quadrant flap’ technique. The technique allows decreasing digit size and volume and reconstruction of the nail complex and finger pulp. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Simultaneous Reconstruction of the Distal Radioulnar Joint Ligaments and Interosseous Membrane Combined with Ulna Shortening Osteotomy for Chronic Essex-Lopresti Injury
Authors: THATCHER Keely M. , SIVAKUMAR Brahman S. , GRAHAM David J. 
Published: July 2022

The Essex-Lopresti pattern of injury comprises radial head fracture, distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocation and disruption of the interosseus membrane (IOM). Diagnosis is often delayed, and reconstruction remains a management dilemma, with several proposed techniques addressing the radial head via either replacement or fixation; reconstruction of the DRUJ ligaments via anatomic or non-anatomic methods; and IOM reconstruction with synthetic grafts, allograft or autograft. We present a 26-year-old man with a chronic Essex-Lopresti injury who underwent revision ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO), IOM reconstruction using a brachioradialis graft and an Adams–Berger ligament reconstruction of the DRUJ ligaments following a three-year course of increasing pain and instability following radial head dislocation. This case demonstrates the feasibility of a single-stage reconstruction of a chronic Essex-Lopresti injury using a brachioradialis and a palmaris longus autograft. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Locking of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Thumb Caused by Entrapment of the Radial Sesamoid Bone
Authors: LEE Sanglim , JEON Suk Ha 
Published: July 2022

Locking of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of the thumb may be a consequence of dorsal subluxation from hyperextension injury. The joint is locked in mild hyperextension and cannot flex actively or passively. We report four patients with locked MCP joint of the thumb due to radial sesamoid entrapment after hyperextension or forced flexion injury. All patients had a prominent radial condyle of the metacarpal bone. Three patients had a deformity of the longitudinal groove on which the sesamoid was overlaid. The radial sesamoid was entrapped proximal to the radial condyle which could result in limited extension and hinged flexion of the joint. Excision of the radial sesamoid could release the locked joint. The radial sesamoid should be assessed if the motion of the thumb MCP joint is limited after flexion or extension injury. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Finger Amputation after Pinning of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint for Acute Closed Tendinous Mallet Finger: A Rare but Devastating Complication
Authors: LUCCHINA Stefano , MERONI Matteo , MOLITOR Martin , GUIDI Marco 
Published: July 2022

The best treatment for mallet fingers is still a matter of debate. Numerous splints with different designs to keep the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint in extension have been described in literature. The outcomes of splint treatment are generally good with occasional reports of minor skin complications. Percutaneous Kirschner-wire pinning of the DIP joint for closed tendinous mallet finger represents a alternative treatment modality that reliably immobilises the joint and does not need much patient compliance or use of an external splint. We report a rare but devastating complication of percutaneous pinning of the DIP joint for closed tendinous mallet finger. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)