bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscope-Assisted Carlevale Lens Implantation in Patients Without Capsular Support: A Novel Surgical Approach to Ensure Correct Lens Positioning
Authors: Dyrda Agnieszka , Pighin Maria S. , Jürgens Ignasi 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
To describe endoscope-assisted Carlevale intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods:
Twelve eyes underwent posterior vitrectomy combined with Carlevale IOL implantation and endoscopy in a single procedure, using a technique developed by the authors. Transscleral incisions were performed under direct visualization of the sulcus using the endoscope, and the final lens position was checked at the end of each intervention. The main outcome was to determine the exact position of all lens fixation points.

Results:
All plugs were correctly placed in the sulcus, but in seven eyes (58.3%), at least one of the closed-loop haptics was folded over the ciliary body. Repositioning was performed during the same procedure. Given that each IOL has four closed-loop haptics, the incidence of this complication was 23% (11/48).

Conclusion:
Blind implantation of Carlevale IOL may cause a high incidence of haptic malpositioning. Because the sulcus and the ciliary body are not visible under the microscope, endoscopy is the only way to ensure correct lens implantation. This new technique ensures that all lens fixation points are correctly placed by the end of surgery, avoiding complications such as decentration or tilting of the IOL, damage to the iris or the ciliary body, and uveitis.
Investigation of the Relationship Between the Alexithymic Characteristics of Secondary Students and Their Childhood Maltreatment Experiences
Authors: Özgün Hakkı , Kanak Mehmet 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This research is a descriptive study aiming at revealing the difference between alexithymia levels and childhood period trauma experience levels according to variables discussed, of students who study in different high schools. In the study, quantitative method and relational survey model have been used. Five hundred ninety-nine students (57.3% female, 42.7% male) studying in 7 different high schools located in a city in the Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey in 2018–2019 school year constitutes the study group of the research. A proper sampling method has been used to determine the study group. In the scope of the study, Personal Information Form, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form have been used as data collection tools. In data analysis, IBM SPSS 23 Pack software has been used. In the study, it has been observed that according to multivariate analysis of variance test, which is used with the purpose of determining the effects of independent variables, difficulty in expressing feelings and childhood trauma experiences that are the lower dimension of alexithymia become drastically distinct according to school type-class level joint interaction variable. It has been observed that levels of expressing feelings, physical neglect, and emotional neglect become distinct according to school type and childhood trauma experiences, school type–age joint interaction variables.
Screen Time and Mental Health Among Adolescents
Authors: Ranjit Karina , Ntlantsana Vuyokazi , Tomita Andrew , Paruk Saeeda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The rise in use of digital technology among adolescents is unquestionable, with few studies having explored the effect of screen time on mental or behavior challenges in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the extent of screen time and its associations with mental/behavior challenges in South Africa. A multisite study was conducted among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years from three government schools in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Measures included depressive symptoms (using Patient Health Questionnaire-9), behavioral problems (using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and screen time (using Children's Leisure Activities Study Survey). The prevalence of severe depressive symptoms, conduct features, and negative prosocial behavior was 11.2% (n = 20), 13.6% (n = 25), and 4.9% (n = 9), respectively. The mean screen time was 2.1 h/d (SD = 2.4) during weekday and 4.7 h/d (SD = 5.5) during weekend. Weekend screen time was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of severe depression and conduct challenges, based on multivariable regression. We also found that greater weekend cell phone use was significantly associated with lower prosocial behavior. No role of weekday screen time was detected in this study. Parents or legal guardians need to be aware of their children's weekend screen time, including cell phones, as access to digital devices becomes more ubiquitous in resource-limited settings.
Searching for Certainty During a Pandemic
Authors: Negri Ofir , Horesh Danny , Gordon Ilanit , Hasson-Ohayon Ilanit 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The current study longitudinally examined the moderating effects of consuming different types of media (i.e., formal [news] and informal [social media, WhatsApp]) in the association among COVID-19–related worries, intolerance of uncertainty (IU), and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs). Data were collected at two time points during July and September 2020, with approximately 60 days between measurements. Results showed that both COVID-19–related worries and IU were found to be positively associated with PTSSs. An interaction with formal media consumption was found, so that when one's formal media consumption was high, he or she were most vulnerable to the aforementioned effects on the development of PTSSs. Our findings point to the interactive effects of both COVID-19 worries and IU with media consumption on the development of PTSSs. Although media consumption might provide information during uncertainty, it may also intensify PTSSs during times of crisis. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Preliminary Exploration on the Value of Shear Wave Elastography in Evaluating the Effectiveness of Microwave Ablation on Hepatic Malignancies
Authors: Luo Chunyue , Lin Jianying , Liu Guancheng , He Guangmin , Zuo Yanling , Dai Lu , Li Tao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a new type of ultrasonic elastography that can quantitatively assess the elasticity and stiffness of tissues. This study aimed to investigate the value of SWE in evaluating the effectiveness of microwave ablation in hepatic malignancies. A total of 24 patients (including 30 lesions) with liver malignancies receiving microwave ablation treatment at the Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from April 2018 to January 2019 were enrolled. The elastography was performed within 1 week before and after ablation. The SWE values in the central zone, the marginal zone of the lesion, and peripheral liver parenchyma were collected and analyzed. Before ablation, the mean of SWE value was 65.80 ± 13.37 kPa for the central zone of the tumor and 39.93 ± 7.87 kPa for the marginal zone, both of which were significantly greater than that for the perinatal liver parenchyma (12.85 ± 2.67 kPa, both P < 0.05). In the central and marginal zone of the lesions, the SWE value was significantly elevated after ablation (both P < 0.001) but not in the peripheral liver parenchyma (P = 0.444). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the cutoff value for ablation in the marginal zone was 53.87 kPa, suggesting that an SWE exceeding 53.87 kPa is an index guaranteeing the ablation effectiveness. These results suggested that SWE has the potential to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of microwave ablation in liver cancers.
Combinatorial language parent-report score differs significantly between typically developing children and those with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Arnold Matthew , Vyshedskiy Andrey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrefrontal synthesis (PFS) is a component of constructive imagination. It is defined as the process of mentally juxtaposing objects into novel combinations. For example, to comprehend the instruction “put the cat under the dog and above the monkey,” it is necessary to use PFS in order to correctly determine the spatial arrangement of the cat, dog, and monkey with relation to one another. The acquisition of PFS hinges on the use of combinatorial language during early development in childhood. Accordingly, children with developmental delays exhibit a deficit in PFS, and frequent assessments are recommended for these individuals. In 2018, we developed the Mental Synthesis Evaluation Checklist (MSEC), a parent-reported evaluation designed to assess PFS and combinatorial language comprehension. In this manuscript we use MSEC to identify differences in combinatorial language acquisition between ASD (N=29138) and neurotypical (N=111) children. Results confirm the utility of the MSEC in distinguishing language deficits in ASD from typical development as early as 2 years of age (p<0.0001).
Effectiveness of mHEALTH Application at Primary Health Care to Improve Maternal and New-born Health Services in Rural Ethiopia: Comparative study
Authors: Kassa Aragie , Matlakala Mokgadi C. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTEthiopia has recently implemented mHealth technology on a limited scale to help increase the uptake of health services, including intervention for maternal and new-born health service utilisation. In this study, the effectiveness of the mHealth intervention was assessed by measuring the level of maternal health service utilization in 4 Health Centers in Ethiopia.The study was comparative by design employing comparison of maternal and newborn health service utilization before and after initiation of mHealth implementation. Follow-up data of 800 clients were randomly selected and included in the study, to determine the magnitude of maternal and new-born health service utilization. Data analysis included comparison of pre-mHealth (baseline) with mHealth follow-up data, using independent t-test to compare magnitude of maternal and new-born health service utilization.The mean of antenatal care follow-up during their recent pregnancy was 2.21(SD±1.02) and 3.43(SD±0.88) for baseline and intervention, respectively. Antenatal visit of four or more was reached for 55(13.8%) of the baseline and 256(64%) of pregnant women in the mHealth intervention group. Pregnant women’s timeliness to start ANC follow-up at baseline and intervention groups was 44.5% and 77.3%, respectively. Institutional delivery at baseline and intervention groups were 35.0% and was 71.2%, respectively. Of women who gave birth, 23.8% at baseline received first postnatal care within 6 hours, 11.3% within 6 days, and 6.8% within 6 weeks. In the intervention group, 84% delivered women received first postpartum within 6 hours after delivery, 70.8% after 6 hours, and 46% made their third postpartum visit within 6 weeks after delivery. Penta-3 vaccination coverage at baseline and mHealth intervention groups was 61.5% and 70.4%, respectively.The study result suggest that the introduction of a low-cost mHealth technologies contributed to the observed improvement of maternal and new-born health service utilization. This intervention shows promise for scale up as well as to be applied to other health interventions beyond maternal and newborn health services.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease among Patients Admitted to Medical Ward in a Tertiary Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, a Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Weldetensae Meskelu Kidu , Geberemedhin Migbnesh , Gebreselassie Measho , Berhe Ephrem 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is being recognized as a global public health problem. CKD is a major non-communicable disease with the global prevalence varying between 10.5% and 13.1%. Diabetes and hypertension appear to be the leading causes of CKD and End Stage Renal Disease worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of CKD and its associated factors among patients admitted to medical ward in a tertiary hospital, Northern Ethiopia.MethodologyAn institution based cross-sectional study was undertaken using systematic random sampling technique to select study participants. Sample sizes of 450 patients were included in the study. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire designed to meet the study objective. The data collection period was from October 20, 2017 to March 20, 2018 G.C. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.The odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval and P value were calculated. Statistical significance was declared if P value < 0.05.ResultOf the 450 patients, 260(57.8%) were males. More than half (54.2%) were between ages of 25 to 40 years. The overall prevalence of CKD among patients admitted to medical ward was 17.3% (95% CI 13 - 29.9) and 14.4% (95 % CI 6.2 – 12.3) by Cockcroft Gault and MDRD equations respectively. Prevalence of stage 5 CKD was 61.5% by Cockcroft Gault equation. Hypertension AOR 3(95%CI 1.28, 4.1), history of recurrent urinary tract infection AOR 3.5 (95% CI 1.1, 7.3) and history of using nephrotoxic drugs AOR 3.4 (95% CI 2, 9.3) were significantly associated with CKD.ConclusionThe prevalence of CKD among adult patients admitted to medical ward in tertiary hospital, Northern Ethiopia was high and majority of patients with CKD were stage 5. Hypertension, use of nephrotoxic agents and recurrent urinary tract infections were significantly associated with CKD.
Detection of Dugbe virus from ticks in Ghana
Authors: Addae Charlotte Adwoa , Wiley Michael , Pratt Catherine , Koehler Jeffrey W. , Addo Seth Offei , Mosore Mba , Yeboah Clara , Agbodzi Bright , Ladzekpo Danielle , Tagoe Janice A. , Behene Eric , Adrah Isaac , Defeamekpor Courage , Quaye Osbourne , Letizia Andrew , Nimo-Paintsil Shirley , Arimoto Hanayo , Diclaro Joseph W. , Dadzie Samuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVector-borne pathogens historically have impacted U.S. warfighters and active-duty personnel stationed both domestically and globally during deployments or forward operations. Tick-borne diseases continue to spread to new geographical regions affecting both animal and human health. In Ghana, there is limited information on the circulating tick-borne pathogens and their risk of infections. This military-to-military vector surveillance study focused on seven sites in Ghana: Navrongo, Airforce Base, 6th Battalion Infantry, Air Borne Force, Army Recruit Training School, 1st Battalion Infantry and 5th Battalion Infantry for detection of tick-borne pathogens. Ticks from these sites were collected by hand-picking with a pair of forceps from domesticated animals including cattle, sheep, goats and dogs. A total of 2,016 ticks were collected from two main ecological zones; the northern Sahel savannah and the coastal savannah. Amblyomma variegatum was the predominant species, accounting for 59.5% of the collected ticks. Next-generation sequencing allowed for Dugbe virus whole genome detection. This study reports the second detection of Dugbe virus in Ghana, which is closely related to Dugbe virus strains from Kenya and Nigeria. This study (sponsored by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch-Global Emerg-ing Infections Surveillance Section) aimed to better inform Force Health Protection (FHP) decisions within the U.S. AFRICOM area of responsibility, the Ghana Armed Forces, and enhance global health security countermeasures. Further surveillance needs to be conducted within the country to determine the distribution of tick-borne pathogens to formulate effective control measures.Author summaryThe prevalence of Dugbe virus in tick species within Ghana was investigated. This study involved seven sampling sites that covered two ecological zones, the northern Sahel savannah and the coastal savannah. About 2,000 ticks were collected from cattle, sheep, goats and dogs and identified using a dissecting microscope. The most predominant tick species was Amblyomma variegatum (59.5%) also known as the tropical bont tick. Using Next-generation sequencing, the full genome of Dugbe virus was for the first time in Ghana identified in A. variegatum. This positive Amblyomma variegatum was collected from the Greater Accra region of Ghana within a military site. The virus was found to be related to Dugbe virus strains from Kenya and Nigeria. Findings from this study show that the trade of livestock across borders facilitates the spread of tick-borne pathogens hence there is a need to enforce measures that prevent the importation of potentially harmful ticks and tick-borne pathogens.
Built environment’s impact on COVID-19 transmission and mental health revealed by COVID-19 Participant Experience data from the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Luo Wenting , Baldwin Edwin , Jiang Anna Yi , Li Shujuan , Yang Bo , Li Haiquan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to millions of deaths. Effectively cutting the transmission of COVID-19 is essential to reduce the impact. Previous studies have observed the potential relationship between the built environment and COVID-19 transmission; however, to date, stringent studies investigating these relationships at the individual level are still insufficient. Here, we aim to examine the relationship between household types and COVID-19 infection (or mental health) during the early stages of the pandemic by using the All of Us Research Program COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) survey data.DesignBased on 62,664 participants’ responses to COPE from May to July 2020, we matched the cases of self-reported COVID-19 status, anxiety, or stress, with controls of the same race, sex, age group, and survey version. We conducted multiple logistic regressions between one of the outcomes and household type under the adjustment of other related covariates, such as ethnicity, age, social distancing behavior, and house occupancy.ResultsHousehold type with a shared component was significantly associated with COVID-19 infection (OR=1.19, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.3; p=2×10−4), anxiety (OR=1.26, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4; p=1.1×10−6), and stress (OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.4, p=4.3×10−10) as compared to free-standing houses after adjusting for the abovementioned confounding factors. Further, frequent nonessential shopping or outings, another indicator of the built environment, was also associated with COVID-19 infection (OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8; p=0.02), but not associated with elevated mental health conditions.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the built environment of houses with a shared component tends to increase the risk of COVID-19 transmission, which consequently led to more anxiety and stress for their dwellers. It also suggested the necessity to improve the quality of the built environment through planning, design, and management toward a more resilient society in coping with future pandemics.
Effect of common pregnancy and perinatal complications on offspring metabolic traits across the life course: a multi-cohort study
Authors: Elhakeem Ahmed , Ronkainen Justiina , Mansell Toby , Lange Katherine , Mikkola Tuija , Mishra Binisha H , Wahab Rama , Cadman Tim , Yang Tiffany , Burgner David , Eriksson Johan G , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Gaillard Romy , Jaddoe Vincent WV , Lehtimäki Terho , Raitakari Olli T , Saffery Richard , Wake Melissa , Wright John , Sebert Sylvain , Lawlor Deborah A 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgrounCommon pregnancy and perinatal complications are associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors. These complications may influence multiple metabolic traits in offspring and these associations might differ with offspring age.MethodsWe used data from eight population-based cohort studies to examine and compare associations of pre-eclampsia (PE), gestational hypertension (GH), gestational diabetes (GD), preterm birth (PTB), small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age (vs. appropriate size for gestational age (AGA)) with up to 167 plasma/serum-based nuclear magnetic resonance-derived metabolic traits encompassing lipids, lipoproteins, fatty acids, amino acids, ketones, glycerides/phospholipids, glycolysis, fluid balance, and inflammation. Confounder-adjusted regression models were used to examine associations (adjusted for maternal education, parity age at pregnancy, ethnicity, pre/early pregnancy body mass index and smoking, and offspring sex and age at metabolic trait assessment), and results were combined using meta-analysis by five age categories representing different periods of the offspring life course: neonates (cord blood), infancy (mean ages: 1.1-1.6y), childhood (4.2-7.5y); adolescence (12.0-16.0y), and adulthood (22.0-67.8y).ResultsOffspring numbers for each age category/analysis varied from 8,925 adults (441 PTB) to 1,181 infants (135 GD); 48.4% to 60.0% were females. Pregnancy complications (PE, GH, GD) were each associated with up to three metabolic traits in neonates (P≤0.001) with some limited evidence of persistence to older ages. PTB and SGA were associated with 32 and 12 metabolic traits in neonates respectively, which included an adjusted standardised mean difference of -0.89 standard deviation (SD) units for albumin with PTB (95%CI: -1.10 to -0.69, P=1.3×10−17) and -0.41SD for total lipids in medium HDL with SGA (95%CI: -0.56 to -0.25, P=2.6×10−7), with limited evidence of persistence to older ages. LGA was inversely associated with 19 metabolic traits including lower levels of cholesterol, lipoproteins, fatty acids, and amino acids, with associations emerging in adolescence, (e.g., -0.11SD total fatty acids, 95%CI: -0.18 to -0.05, P=0.0009), and attenuating with older age across adulthood.ConclusionsThese reassuring findings suggest little evidence of wide-spread and long-term impact of common pregnancy and perinatal complications on offspring metabolic traits, with most associations only observed for new-borns rather than older ages, and for perinatal rather than pregnancy complications.