bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the inflammatory response of skeletal muscles to a high-lipid diet
Authors: Dimitrov Iliyan Valeriev , Boyadjiev Nikolay Petrov , Georgieva Katerina Nikolova , Angelova Penka Angelova , Stakova Teodora Ruseva , Dimov Ivica , Bivolarska Anelia Vesselinova , Delchev Slavi , Gerginska Fanka , Daskalova Elena , Draganova-Filipova Milena Nenkova , Popov Dobrin Ivanov 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The low-grade, chronic inflammation is a process characterized by slightly elevated levels of pro-inflammatory molecules. It can be induced by increased levels of saturated fatty acids which could affect toll-like receptor signaling pathways. In this experiment we estimated the degree of low-grade inflammation in different muscles of Wistar rats subjected to a high-lipid diet.Methods: To study the effect of the high-fat diet on the development of inflammation in skeletal muscles we used sixty, 8-week-old male Wistar rats. The animals were subjected to standardized rodent food – a high-fat and a standard diet. After the period of time needed to provoke inflammation we changed the diet in order to collect data for the duration of the process. We used the quantitative ELISA method to determine the degree of the tissue inflammatory process, studying the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory marker molecules.Results: We established that the high-fat diet changes the levels of the measured proinflammatory molecules to an increase. Their levels in the studied skeletal muscles were slightly elevated compared to the controls. We detected that the inflammatory process depends on time as well. A longer period of time leads to an additional increase in the levels of the cytokines in some muscles, while their levels remain almost the same in others. The replacement of the high-lipid diet with a standard one causes the muscles to restore of their normal, non-inflammatory phenotype. At the same time, the levels of the anti-inflammatory molecule show almost no change during the experiment.Conclusions: Skeletal muscles develop inflammation as a result of the intake of a high-lipid diet. The process is low-grade, chronic and its duration is as long as the high-fat food persists in the diet of the animals. The insignificantly changed levels of the anti-inflammatory molecule indicate that the muscle tissue does not, or barely exerts control over the development of this process.
Does sarcoidosis have a role in predisposing to venous thromboembolic events?
Authors: Kassem Ali , Dahabra Loai , Yassine Ahmad Abou , Assaad Marc , Muhammad Marwah , Elsayegh Dany 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
IntroductionSarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of an unclear etiology. It has been postulated that sarcoidosis is a chronic autoimmune inflammation which may predispose to venous thromboembolism (VTE). Recent studies showed increased VTE events in patient with sarcoidosis and other autoimmune disorders. This multicenter retrospective study aims at determining a possible correlation between VTE and sarcoidosis. MethodsWe reviewed charts from a commercial database (Explorys Inc, Cleveland, OH, USA) which is an aggregate of electronic health records from 26 major healthcare systems. We included patients between ages 30 and 69. Patients with a condition known to cause hypercoagulable state were excluded. We calculated the prevalence of VTE in patients with without a diagnosis of sarcoidosis and compared the results. A multivariate analysis was performed to adjust for gender, race, age, tobacco use and obesity (BMI > 30). ResultsThe overall prevalence of the VTE in patients without sarcoidosis was 1.4% compared to 4.9% in patients with sarcoidosis (Table 1). Patients with sarcoidosis were more likely to develop VTE [OR: 2.96; 95% CI 2.84-3.08, P value < 0.001]. Predictors of VTE in patients with sarcoidosis were gender, age, race, and obesity, (Table 3). ConclusionOur study indicates that sarcoidosis poses a risk of developing VTE. Limitations include our study being retrospective, additionally our data analysis lacks the stages of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Further prospective studies are needed to shed light on this association and explain the prothrombotic phenotype of sarcoidosis.
External validation of CRASH prognostic model in an urban tertiary care public university hospital
Authors: Mulla Asif , Bavishi Devi , Khajanchi Monty , Wärnberg Martin Gerdin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
IntroductionRoad traffic injury is the 7th most common cause of mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Amongst road traffic injuries, traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are the major cause of mortality and morbidity. The multicentre randomized controlled trial CRASH published a prediction model to estimate prognosis in traumatic brain injury patients. This prediction model was derived based on data from High Income and Low and Middle-Income Countries. The external validity of this prediction model was not assessed in Low and Middle-Income Countries. To fill this gap, we aim to external validate the CRASH prediction model in TBI patients in India, a lower-middle income country.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study at the General Surgery Department of an urban tertiary care public university hospital in India. We collected data on the 14-day mortality and 6-month unfavourable outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Calibration and discrimination of the CRASH models (Basic and Computed Tomography model) comparing the observed and predicted outcomes using logistic regression and area under the curve (AUC) was analysed to validate the model.ResultsIn this study, 417 patients with the median age of 40 and age range of 18-95 years were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the calibration of the models in prediction of 14-day mortality (basic p = 0.082, CT p = 0.067) and 6-month unfavourable outcome (Basic p = 0.688, CT p = 0.204). The area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) in basic and CT models in prediction of 14-day mortality were 0.885 and 0.885 respectively. In addition, area under the ROC curve in basic and CT models in prediction of 6-month unfavourable outcome were 0.901 and 0.896, respectively. ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the CRASH basic and CT model both accurately predict 14-day mortality and 6-month unfavourable outcomes of TBI patients in an urban tertiary care public university hospital in India.
The Indian real estate regulations and urban homebuyers: impact assessment
Authors: Chawla Neelam , Kumar Basanta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The previously unregulated urban housing and real estate market scenario began to change by promulgating a new law, i.e., the Indian Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERDA, 2016/Act). Claims are that the Act has been saving homebuyers from exploitation by the promoters' evasive and aggressive approach and impacting the economy and society. The paper briefly examines relevant provisions of the Act and judicial pronouncements protecting urban homebuyers' interests; it analyzes in-depth their impact on them in particular and society by empirically studying 540 sample homebuyers' reactions. In addition, the study discusses the implications of regulating foreign direct investments in aiding current policy perceptions supporting housing vis-a-vis the economy. The results show that very often, builders exploit homebuyers. Timely judiciary interventions have removed the initial bottleneck created by builders, positively impacting builders' and governments' safeguarding of homebuyers' interests. Even four years after the Act's implementation, its implementation remains uneven.
The Effects of Self-perceived Parenting Attitudes on Visuo-spatial Attention and Mental Rotation Abilities among Adolescents
Authors: Kim Sangyub , Baik Yeonji , Han Sunghee , Nam Kichun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of adolescents’ perceived negative evaluation of parenting on their visuo-spatial attention and mental rotation abilities. The experimental groups were divided into negatively evaluating group and positively evaluating groups based on their scores on the self-perceived parenting attitude scales. The UFOV task showed lesser accuracy of the negatively evaluating group when compared to the positively evaluating one in target perception presented in 20 degree visual angle. In the mental rotation task, the negatively evaluating group exhibited a small trade-off effect between response times and rotation angles, which implied an impatient strategy was employed to perform the task. Thus, both experimental groups differed in terms of their visual attention and mental-spatial abilities. This study suggests that the reduced visuo-spatial attention and mental rotation abilities may act as precursors for serious psychological symptoms caused by the negative self-evaluation of their parents’ parenting attitudes.
Aloe vera ameliorates hyperlipidemia, enhances endogenous antioxidant activity and regulates liver function in high fat diet fed mice.
Authors: Dibal Nathan Isaac 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Prolong high fat diet consumption was reported to cause metabolic disorders including obesity, NAFLD and insulin resistance. NAFLD is one of the common causes of liver failure with lipid accumulation and inflammation as the major driving forces for its progression.
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to evaluate the benefits of Aloe vera supplementation on lipid profiles, antioxidant properties, liver function as well as the histology of liver, heart and brain on high fat diet induced toxicity in BALB/c mice.
METHODS
Eighteen mice were divided into three groups (n = 6). Group 1 received normal diet (Vital feed), group 2 received high fat diet (HFD) i.e. 70g of normal diet plus 30g of margarine, while group 3 received high fat diet plus Aloe vera (HFD + AV) i.e. 80g of HFD plus 20g of Aloe vera gel. The mice were fed for 10 weeks and euthanized thereafter. The liver function, lipid profiles, antioxidant properties as well as liver, brain and heart histology were evaluated.
RESULTS
The levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the HFD treated mice compared to the control. Liver catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in HFD + AV treated mice compared to the control and HFD treated mice. The liver of HFD + AV treated mice showed normal architecture while those of HFD treated mice showed numerous hepatic vacuoles indicative of fat droplets.
CONCLUSIONS
Aloe vera supplementation regulated liver function and prevent hyperlipidemia. The resultant effect increased antioxidant activities thereby preventing liver injury and brain damage.
Why do students dropout from school?: Inferences from a mathematical model
Authors: Mbogo Rachel Waema , Ateya Ismail , Onyango Joseph , Mureu Phyllis , Maingi Nicodemus , Opiyo Cavin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the success of the two-schools in one concept in Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps in Kenya, we developed and analysed a data-driven mathematical model that includes multiple interacting mechanisms. Model parameters were estimated using data from the enrolled students to understand the dynamics of students’ performance and dropouts. Initial model analysis show that the two-schools in one model is the optimal solution in accommodating the large student population in the two camps. Further for student performance, our analysis suggest that students’ academic achievement is directly related to the level of parental involvement and internal social mechanisms. However, if the negative peer influence (leading to lower academic grades)increases and there is no mentorship, the effect of parental involvement on the dynamics of student performance and dropout becomes negligible.
Diagnosegeleitete Förderung im inklusiven Mathematikunterricht der Grundschule – Professionalisierung durch reflektierte Handlungspraxis in der Lehrer*innenbildung
Authors: Hähn Kristina , Häsel-Weide Uta , Scherer Petra 
Published: April 2022

Für den inklusiven Unterricht ist es von großer Bedeutung, dass Lehrkräfte individuelle Potenziale und Fähigkeiten aller Schüler*innen erkennen, fördern und (weiter)entwickeln. Bereits in der ersten Phase der Lehrer*innenbildung können Lehrveranstaltungen so gestaltet werden, dass grundlegende und handlungsnahe Kompetenzen zu Diagnose und Förderung erworben und gleichzeitig eigene Professionalisierungsprozesse reflektiert werden können. Der Beitrag stellt die Konzeption von Lehrveranstaltungen vor, die die (reflexive) Vermittlung fach- und fachdidaktischer sowie pädagogischer Wissensbereiche und reflektierter Praxiserfahrungen in der Diagnose und Förderung von Kindern mit besonderen Schwierigkeiten zum Ziel haben. Die Begleitforschung der Lehrveranstaltungen fokussiert über einen Fragebogen mit offenen und geschlossenen Items die retrospektive Selbsteinschätzung des eigenen Kompetenzzuwachses der Studierenden. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen und quantitativen Auswertung zeigen, dass in den fachbezogenen Lehrveranstaltungen der Kompetenzzuwachs facettenreich wahrgenommen wird und dies sowohl im Bereich des Wissens als auch des Handlungspotenzials. Zudem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass mit Varianten solcher Veranstaltungskonzepte, die vergleichbare zentrale Gestaltungselemente aufweisen, ähnliche Ziele erreicht werden können.

Abstract
For teaching in inclusive settings, teachers have to identify, support, and develop the individual potentials and abilities of all pupils. Even in the first phase of teacher education, courses can be designed in that way, that basic and action related competencies with respect to diagnosis and support can be acquired, and at the same time own professionalization processes can be reflected. The paper presents the central ideas of teacher education courses that aim at (reflective) education of content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and pedagogical knowledge as well as reflective practical experiences with respect to diagnosis and support for pupils with specific difficulties. For the accompanying research of the courses a questionnaire with open and closed items was used, focusing on the retrospective self-assessment of student teachers’ own competence development. The results of the qualitative and quantitative analysis show that the reported increase of competencies in the subject specific courses is perceived multifaceted, and this is true for the field of knowledge as well as for the potential for action. Moreover, the results show that variations of course conceptions with similar central design elements might reach comparable objectives.
Was verstehen Lehramtsstudierende unter Inklusion? Eine Untersuchung subjektiver Definitionen
Authors: Schaumburg Melanie , Walter Stefan , Hashagen Uje 
Published: April 2022

Der Begriff der Inklusion ist ein mehrdimensionales Konstrukt, das sowohl in Theorie als auch in Praxis unterschiedlich definiert ist. Für angehende Lehrkräfte bedeutet dies, dass sie sich mit unterschiedlichen Konnotationen dieses Begriffs auseinandersetzen müssen und dadurch möglicherweise eigene Begriffsdefinitionen vornehmen. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrages steht die Frage nach den subjektiven Begriffsdefinitionen zum Begriff Inklusion. Im Rahmen einer schriftlichen Befragung wurden 290 Lehramtsstudierende mit Hilfe einer offenen Fragestellung zu ihrem Inklusionsverständnis befragt. Das Material wurde mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf ein differenziertes Begriffsverständnis angehender Lehrkräfte. Es können vier Verständnistypen unterschieden werden, ausgehend von einem sehr engen bis hin zu einem sehr weiten und offenen Begriffsverständnis. Abstract
The concept of inclusion is a multidimensional construct that is quite differently defined in theory as well as in practice. Student teachers have to deal with very different connotations that are associated with it. As a result, they might have developed their own definitions of inclusion. This paper focuses on these subjective concepts of inclusion. In a survey, 290 teacher students were asked about their understanding of inclusion by using an open question. The collected data was evaluated with a qualitative content analysis. The results show that student teachers have a differentiated understanding of the concept of inclusion. Four understandings of terms can be distinguished, starting from a very narrow to a very broad and open understanding of inclusion.
Efficacy of secnidazole in the treatment of trichomoniasis and vaginal dysbiosis
Authors: Bezhena V. F. , Molchanov O. L. , Lazareva N. B. , Galiullina L. A. , Poznyak A. L. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Trichomoniasis is a vaginal infectious and inflammatory disease, which falls into the category of sexually transmissible nosological entities. It is the profile of vaginal microecosystem changes in trichomoniasis that determines the vector of transformation of the vaginal microbiome towards the formation of bacterial vaginosis (BV), namely, a hypercolonized community of anaerobic microorganisms with underlying suppression of the dominant presence of the resident acidophilic microflora.Aim. To evaluate the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of 5-nitroimidazole drugs secnidazole and metronidazole in the therapy of acute trichomoniasis and concomitant vaginal dysbacteriosis.Materials and methods. As a comparison object, we used the therapy regimens for acute trichomoniasis with the 5-nitroimidazole drugs secnidazole and metronidazole, involving 2 grams (g) once as a single dose. The study included 64 patients diagnosed with acute trichomoniasis. The average age of the patients was 34 ± 7 years (95% CI 32–37). The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 32) used Secnidazole, group 2 (n = 32) used Secnidazole 2 g once as a single dose. Metronidazole was used at a dose of 500 mg 2 times a day for 5 days. Patients were observed by a doctor during two visits, and a follow-up assessment of the treatment results was carried out by way of remote interrogation.Results. The use of the drug therapy ensured removal of Trichomonas from the vagina. Both groups showed relief of clinical symptoms from B1 to B2: discomfort, itching, burning, dyspareunia, hyperemia of the mucosa with underlying tendency towards normalization of laboratory findings of the vaginal microbiocenosis condition. At the same time, it should be noted that the therapy efficiency was higher in group 1 (secnidazole).Conclusion. Thus, the administration of secnidazole provided greater therapeutic efficacy as compared with the use of the similar therapeutic dose and frequency of metronidazole to treat Trichomonas and, in combination with rehabilitation therapy, determined a more pronounced tendency towards normalization of the composition of the vaginal microflora.
Status of biocenosis of vagina in pregnant women living in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra
Authors: Solovyeva A. V. , Chegus L. A. , Solovev V. G. , Yermolenko K. S. , Kuznetsova O. A. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The intensive development of the mining industry led to a rapid growth in the population, large-scale migration processes to cities, the construction of numerous industrial facilities, which was accompanied by changes in the ecological, socioeconomic and cultural foundations of the local indigenous population (Khanty and Mansi) caused by the disruption of the usual rhythm of life that exists here. over the centuriesAim. The study of mass and growth parameters, the state of the biocenosis of the vagina and gastrointestinal tract in pregnant women living in the village and in the city in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra and correction of violations with metronidazole and miconazole.Materials and methods. A prospective analysis of complaints, anamnestic, anthropometric, as well as an assessment of the state of the biocenosis of the vagina and intestines in patients selected by the method of continuous sampling was carried out. We examined women from among the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the north (indigenous peoples of the North) – the Khanty and Mansi, living in the urban-type settlement. Berezovo, in camps and in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. The comparison group included women from the migrant population (Russians) living in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk.Results. It was found that the greatest number of violations of the biocenosis of the vagina and intestines was in pregnant women living in the city, both from the indigenous minorities and the migrant population. Half of pregnant women, 50% of women, had normocenosis. Every second had inflammatory changes – nonspecific vaginitis occurred in 9.1%, vulvovaginal candidiasis in 13.6% and mixed pathogenic flora (bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis) were in 31.8% of women. Monitoring of the state of the vaginal biocenosis was carried out after 4–5 weeks and at the end of the postpartum period (40–44 days), normobiocenosis was determined. Relapses both before and after childbirth within 42 days were not observed in this contingent.Conclusion. The use of metronidazole and miconazole intravaginally is an effective trea for bacterial vaginosis in combination with vulvovaginal candidiasis with rapid relief of symptoms and no side effects.
Iodine deficiency as a cause of hypothyroidosis in pregnant women: diagnostics and preventive measures
Authors: Medvedeva M. S. , Lyashenko A. S. , Lyashenko E. N. 
Published: April 2022

Pregnancy is a period of increased demands on all organs and systems of the mother’s body, including the thyroid gland (TG). The productivity of the thyroid gland increases by 30–50%. For continuous and sufficient synthesis of thyroid hormones (TG) requires optimal intake of dietary iodine. The need for a microelement increases significantly during pregnancy, due to increased activity of the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency of mild or moderate degrees leads to insufficient synthesis of thyroid hormones, despite its compensatory increase. Hypothyroidism in women is one of the causes of infertility. Hypothyroidism in pregnant women significantly increases the risk of preterm birth. Iodine deficiency has a serious impact on the intrauterine development of the fetus, because iodine and thyroid hormones (TG) are actively involved in the development of the fetus, the formation of various organs and the development of the brain. In order to prevent the dangerous consequences of iodine deficiency in the Russian Federation, mass prevention is carried out in the form of the use of iodized salt. During the 1st trimester of pregnancy, each woman undergoes a laboratory test of the level of TSH, total T4 and total T3 as a screening in order to correct the hypofunction of the thyroid gland in time. In pregnant women, especially in the first trimester, iodine requirements increase by 50%, which requires not only the mandatory use of iodized salt, but also the appointment of pharmacological preparations of iodine with an accurate dosage. Preventive measures may not be enough, then replacement therapy with levothyroxine is used throughout the pregnancy.