bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between schizotypal traits and food neophobia: Mediating effect of chemosensory hedonic capacity
Authors: Huang Yan‐yang , Li Zi‐lin , Zou Lai‐quan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFood neophobia, the reluctance to try novel food, is associated with numerous personality traits. Schizotypy, a subclinical phenotype of schizophrenia, consists of reduced severity of symptoms or traits of schizophrenia, which have been shown to consume a poor diet. However, there is no study directly examining the relationship between food neophobia and schizotypal traits. In addition, chemosensory hedonic capacity, the ability to experience pleasure simulated by smell or taste, is considered to be related to both schizotypal traits and food neophobia. Nevertheless, little is known about the role of chemosensory hedonic capacity on the relationship between schizotypal traits and food neophobia. In the present study, 2,581 college students completed the Food Neophobia Scale, Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, and Chemosensory Pleasure Scale to examine food neophobia traits, schizotypal traits, and chemosensory hedonic capacity, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that schizotypal traits were significantly positively correlated with food neophobia. Mediation analysis revealed that chemosensory hedonic capacity partially mediated the relationship between schizotypal traits, especially negative schizotypal traits and food neophobia. In conclusion, schizotypal traits were associated with food neophobia, and the relationship between schizotypal traits and food neophobia was mediated by chemosensory hedonic capacity.Practical ApplicationsThe present study is among the first to reveal that food neophobia was associated with schizotypal traits, which was mediated by chemosensory hedonic capacity. Therefore, our results might provide a new perspective of alleviating food neophobia by improving chemosensory hedonic capacity such as olfactory and gustatory training in the schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
Periodontitis is associated with higher subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zamora‐Pasadas Mónica , Marfil‐Álvarez Rafael , González‐Bustos Pablo , Magán‐Fernández Antonio , Mesa Francisco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo determine periodontitis prevalence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to assess whether periodontitis in SLE patients is associated with a greater subclinical atherosclerosis.MethodsAn observational case–control study was conducted in SLE (cases) and patients without any rheumatic diseases (controls), matched for sex. Sociodemographic and cardiometabolic variables were gathered, and SLE activity was assessed through several indexes. Periodontal examination registered probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, plaque index, and tooth loss. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by measuring the carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) by Doppler velocimetry, homocysteine levels, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were used to assess the association of any of the studied variables with SLE.ResultsSeventy‐one cases and 72 controls were included in the study. Thirty‐nine SLE patients (54.9%) were diagnosed with periodontitis, compared with 16 controls (22.2%). High levels of PWV (≥7.7 m/s, 75th percentile) were shown by 44.3% of the cases vs. 22.4% of the controls (p = .011). Among SLE patients, those with periodontitis showed higher PWV values (8.1 ± 1.52 vs. 7.16 ± 1.11 m/s, p = .006) and higher homeostasis model assessment index (indicative of insulin resistance) (1.7 ± 0.73 vs. 2.92 ± 3.05, p = .028) compared to those with periodontal health. Logistic regression showed that waist circumference (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.12, p = .015); ESR (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.16, p = .003); and bleeding on probing (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.01–1.19, p = .018) were associated with the risk of SLE.ConclusionSystemic lupus erythematosus patients showed a higher periodontitis percentage than controls. Higher PWV values were found in SLE patients with periodontitis, indicating a higher prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis. Patients with higher gingival bleeding showed a higher risk of SLE.
Distinguishing between terrestrial and extraterrestrial organic compounds in the CM2 Aguas Zarcas carbonaceous chondrite: Implications for intrinsic organic matter
Authors: Tunney Libby D. , Hill Patrick J. A. , Herd Christopher D. K. , Hilts Robert W. , Holt Miranda C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoluble organic matter analyses of astromaterials can provide valuable information on the chemistry of our solar system and the processes that occur within it. The surface of the Earth, however, is a significant source of organic compounds due to the presence of life; this environment represents a major source of potential contamination for recently fallen meteorites. Here, we analyze select stones of the CM2 Aguas Zarcas carbonaceous chondrite, which fell on April 23, 2019, in Aguas Zarcas, San Carlos county, Alajuela province, Costa Rica, with the goal of determining the complement of intrinsic and contaminant soluble organic matter. The specimens were collected pre‐ and post‐rainfall, days to weeks after the stones fell on the Earth. Through gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of soluble organic matter in dichloromethane and hot water extracts of meteorite powders, we differentiate between extraterrestrial and contaminant sources for each organic compound detected. In this study, N‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐ N‐methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) was used to derivatize the hot water extracts to test out its “one‐pot” extraction capabilities. The majority of the detectable organic compounds are contaminants and can be explained as being sourced from the terrestrial surface onto which the meteorite fell. Our results have implications for how environmental factors, such as land use and rainfall events in this case, can impact the intrinsic organics in carbonaceous chondrites.
Never‐breastfed children face a higher risk of suboptimal cognition at 2 years of corrected age: A multinational cohort of very preterm children
Authors: Rodrigues Carina , Zeitlin Jennifer , Zemlin Michael , Wilson Emilija , Pedersen Pernille , Barros Henrique ,   Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) Research Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn a cohort of children born very preterm (VPT), we investigated the association between breast milk feeding (BMF) initiation and its duration on cognitive development at 2 years of corrected age. Data were obtained from the Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe population‐based prospective cohort of children born <32 weeks of gestation, in 11 European countries, in 2011–2012. The study sample included 4323 children. Nonverbal cognitive ability was measured applying the Parental Report of Children's Abilities, except for France where the problem‐solving domain of the Ages & Stages Questionnaire was used. Verbal cognition was based on the number of words the child could say. To determine the association between BMF (mother's own milk) and nonverbal and verbal cognition (outcome categorized as optimal and suboptimal), adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) were estimated fitting Poisson regression models, with inverse probability weights to account for nonresponse bias. Overall, 16% and 11% of the children presented suboptimal nonverbal and verbal cognition, respectively. Never BMF was associated with a significantly increased risk for suboptimal nonverbal (aRR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.53) and verbal (aRR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.09–1.92) cognitive development compared with those ever breastfed, after adjustment for perinatal and sociodemographic characteristics. Compared with children breastfed 6 months or more, children with shorter BMF duration exhibited a statistically nonsignificant elevated aRR. VPT children fed with breast milk had both improved nonverbal and verbal cognitive development at 2 years in comparison with never breastfed, independently of perinatal and sociodemographic characteristics. This study encourages targeted interventions to promote BMF among these vulnerable children.
Purgatory and the “Time” of the Eschatological Healing of Victims
Authors: NATHAN W. O’HALLORAN, S.J  
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is an emergent need in Catholic eschatology to theologize about the postmortem healing of victims. While tracing the entire history of the postmortem healing of victims is beyond the scope of this article, my overview will focus on the recent sensitivity to the plight of victims in the afterlife, particularly in response to the writings of Miroslav Volf. I then turn to the question of when this healing takes place. Catholic theology has deployed three primary models in the past century to answer this question: healing in death, in heaven, and in an intermediate state process. I analyze each of these possibilities and conclude that an intermediate state process model, one that employs the doctrine of purgatory but further develops it to take the healing of victims into account, is most biblically appropriate and theologically sensitive to the needs of victims.
What does it mean to be Eurasian in South East Asia, Malaysia?
Authors: Vega Sharon Regina , Pandian Sivamurugan , Pazil Nur Hafeeza Ahmad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores the definitions of Eurasian identity utilising the authority‐defined, everyday‐defined, and national identity concepts by Shamsul Amri. The authority‐defined explains the influence of authority figures such as the British administration during the colonial era and the Malaysian government during the postcolonial era via establishedbumiputera‐based policies that have impacted the Eurasian community, alongside the Eurasian Associations in Malaysia, which acts as an authority in preserving and curating Eurasian culture and identity. The everyday‐defined concept focuses on personal experiences of Eurasians, specifically on the hybridity of culture, religion and language that shifts as newer generations emerge. Findings show that Eurasians defined according to the authority‐defined concept is based on the governmental documentation such as their birth certificate whereas the everyday‐defined concept is based on ancestral lineage andperanakanheritage that has been established by Malaysian society.
Socialising Chinese nationalism: Education and media
Authors: Yang Liu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study discusses the socialisation experiences of young Chinese from two different education backgrounds and media environment. Through a survey on the attitudes of students from Macau and mainland China towards nationalism‐related news events using a survey, this study has revealed that their education social background and media‐use patterns have a greater impact on students' attitudes towards political events (military parade and Occupy Central) than cultural events (Tu Youyou's Nobel Prize and championship of women's volleyball team), and the differences of their attitudes vary depending on the events in question. Moreover, mainland students are more nationalistic and supportive of the official mainland media's discourse on sovereignty issues, but more sceptical of its sources on events of conflicts between Chinese ethnicities. The findings of this study have revealed how wider media exposure impacts the attitudes of individuals; additionally, it responds to the debates on whether people are more inclined to recognise their existing common identities or influenced by the political regimes constructed by the elites; most importantly, it tests the socialising experiences of nationalism among young Chinese from different educational and media backgrounds.
Overlap of heartburn, functional dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome in a population sample: Prevalence, temporal stability, and associated comorbidities
Authors: Jones Michael P. , Shah Ayesha , Walker Marjorie M. , Koloski Natasha A. , Holtmann Gerald , Talley Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCo‐occurring (overlapping) irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), and heartburn has been observed. However, whether it is a distinct entity has not been established, nor what clinical, demographic, lifestyle, and psychological traits are associated with it. This study sought to estimate the prevalence and temporal stability of this overlap and to identify features specific to it in order to gain some insights into the potential etiopathogenesis.MethodsTwo waves of a survey to a population‐representative sample were conducted 3 years apart, recruiting 1312 individuals for this study. The chance‐expected probability of complete overlap (CO) was calculated and compared with the observed CO. A range of demographic, lifestyle factors, medical diagnoses, sleep quality, and psychological distress were tested to identify predictors of overlap using logistic regression.Key ResultsCO was observed in 2.1% (95% confidence interval 1.9, 3.7) of the sample and was closely replicated in wave 2 at 2.0%. The observed CO was greater than expected by chance (0.2%) to a statistically significant extent (p < 0.001). Overlap between IBS subtypes, FD subtypes, and heartburn was also elevated above chance expectation. Individuals with CO were separately differentiated from others with respect to elevated rates of self‐reported medically diagnosed asthma, elevated psychological distress score, and elevated impact on sleep quality. The discrimination provided by these factors was further independent of age and sex.Conclusions and InferencesOverlap between IBS, FD, and heartburn (GERD) appears to be a distinct entity that has a profile including psychological morbidity, sleep disturbance, and elevated rates of atopy.
Seed dormancy in space and time: global distribution, paleoclimatic and present climatic drivers, and evolutionary adaptations
Authors: Zhang Yazhou , Liu Yuan , Sun Lu , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M. , Cao Min , Yang Jie 
Published: March 2022

SummarySeed dormancy is an important life history state that increases survival and fitness of seed plants, and thus it has attracted much attention. However, global biogeography, effects of paleoenvironment, evolutionary roles of dormancy transitions, and differences in adaptations of seed dormancy between life‐forms are poorly understood.We compiled global distribution records for seed dormancy of 12 743 species and their phylogeny to explore the biogeographic patterns, environmental drivers, and evolutionary transitions between seed dormancy and nondormancy.Biogeographic patterns reveal a low proportion of dormancy in tropical rainforest regions and arctic regions and a high proportion of dormancy in remaining tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions for all species and woody species. Herbaceous plants show a greater proportion of dormancy in most global regions except arctic regions. Seasonal environments have a consistent positive influence on the dormancy pattern for both life‐forms, but precipitation and temperature were important driving factors for woody and herbaceous plants, respectively. Seed dormancy was the dominating state during the evolutionary history of seed plants, and dormancy transitions had a significant relationship with paleotemperatures. Dormancy and nondormancy transitions in response to fluctuating environments during long‐term evolutionary history may have played important roles in the diversification of seed plants.Our results add to the current knowledge about seed dormancy from macro‐adaptive perspectives and the potential adaptive mechanisms of seed plants.
Association of muscle fiber type with measures of obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Damer Alameen , El Meniawy Sherif , McPherson Ruth , Wells George , Harper Mary‐Ellen , Dent Robert 
Published: March 2022

SummaryObesity derives from an extended period of positive energy imbalance due to a complex interplay of environmental and biological factors. Muscle fiber type and physiology have been hypothesized to affect metabolism and energy expenditure and thus to affect an individual's propensity to gain weight. However, there have been conflicting reports regarding a relationship between muscle fiber type and obesity. Here, we systematically reviewed literature investigating this topic from PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Of these, 32 articles were included in our final review and analysis. Most studies (22/32) reported a significant relationship between muscle fiber‐type proportion and a measure of obesity. Overall, there was a significant negative relationship between the proportion of type I fibers and body mass index (BMI) and a significant positive relationship between the proportion of type IIX fibers and BMI. Moreover, between‐group comparisons indicated a greater prevalence of type IIX fibers and a lower prevalence of type I fibers in patients living with obesity relative to lean individuals. These significant relationships were confirmed in a meta‐analysis of these data. The causal nature of these associations remains to be evaluated.
Global and Current Research Trends of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy/Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery in the Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Diseases: A Bibliometric and Visualization Study
Authors: Chu Pei‐lin , Wang Tao , Zheng Jia‐le , Xu Chong‐qing , Yan Yin‐jie , Ma Qing‐shan , Meng‐chen Yin , Da‐sheng Tian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to make a bibliometric analysis of the current research situation in unilateral biportal endoscopy/biportal endoscopic spinal surgery (UBE/BESS). Research data sets were acquired from the Web of Science database. The study chosed “biportal endoscopic spinal surgery” OR “two portal endoscopic spinal surgery” OR “percutaneous biportal endoscopic decompression” OR “unilateral biportal endoscopy” OR “irrigation endoscopic discectomy” as the search terms. The literature search was limited to articles published before March 5, 2021. We only included original articles and reviews. VOS viewer and Citespace software were used to analyze the data and generate visualization knowledge maps. Annual trend of publications, distribution, H‐index status, co‐authorship status, and research hotspots were analyzed. A total of 74 publications met the requirement. The sum number of citations was 31,204, in which 19,336 were no self‐citations. The average citation of all the papers was 21.84 times. The H‐index of all the publications was 85. South Korea's total number of articles was far higher than that of other countries and regions (61, 82.4%), followed by United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Peoples Republic of China (three, ranking second, accounting for 12.2% of the total). For the most productive authors, Choi ranked first with 21 articles, Kim ranked second with 16 articles, and Heo ranked third with 12 articles. The journal with the greatest number of publications was World Neurosurgery, with a total of 18 (39.1%) papers. Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery ranked second with six (13.0%) papers. In third place, there were fix articles published by Asian Spine Journal and Neurospine, accounting for 21.8% of the total articles. These top three journals accounted for 73.9% of all the papers. Spondylolisthesis and endoscopic decompression were the research hotspots in recent years. The number of publications has showed an upward trend with a stable rise in recent years. South Korea is the country with the highest productivity, not only in quality, but also in quantity. Barun Hosp and Leon Wiltse Mem Hosphave published most articles. Choi is the most productive author. World Neurosurgery is the most productive journal. Spondylolisthesis and endoscopic decompression are the research hotspots in recent years. Indeed, this study provides new insight into the growth and development of UBE/BESS.
Effects of Antibacterial Co‐Cr‐Mo‐Cu Alloys on Osteoblast Proliferation, Differentiation, and the Inhibition of Apoptosis
Authors: Duan Jing‐zhu , Yang Yang , Wang Huan 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of antibacterial Co‐Cr‐Mo‐Cu alloys with different Cu contents on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and the inhibition of apoptosis to optimize the selection of surgical implantation.MethodsMicrostructure, phase structure, and ion release were evaluated using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry. The effects on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis were characterized by cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and western blotting, respectively.ResultsCompared to the original Co‐Cr‐Mo alloys, the released Cu ions from Co‐Cu alloys promoted osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and inhibited apoptosis. It can be noted that the optical density (OD490) and the ALP activity have increased to 1.237 and 1.053, respectively, in Co‐2Cu alloy (0.604 and 0.171 for original Co‐Cr‐Mo alloy). Meanwhile, these effects were evaluated through the upregulation of ROS levels and 4E‐binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) expression and the downregulation of adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p‐AMPK. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of the Co‐Cu alloys were also enhanced, as demonstrated by the strong antibacterial activity of Cu phases in Co‐Cu alloys incubated with Staphylococcus aureus, in which more than 99.8% of the bacteria has been killed.ConclusionsThe addition of Cu element in the Co‐Cr‐Mo alloys could induce OB proliferation and differentiation and inhibited OB apoptosis. Meanwhile, it can be recognized that the Co‐Cu alloys with 2wt% Cu exhibit the highest performance among all the samples, indicating that the effects of osteoblast differentiation and the inhibition of apoptosis are highly dependent on the adding of Cu elements. Co‐Cr‐Mo‐Cu alloys with an excellent antibacterial property could be used as a tool to improve osteogenic ability and antibacterial properties in orthopaedic implant operations.
The Trump Administration and the COVID‐19 crisis: Exploring the warning‐response problems and missed opportunities of a public health emergency
Authors: Parker Charles F. , Stern Eric K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines the Trump Administration's inability to mount a timely and effective response to the COVID‐19 outbreak, despite ample warning. Through an empirical exploration guided by three explanatory perspectives—psychological, bureau‐organizational, and agenda‐political—developed from the strategic surprise, public administration, and crisis management literature, the authors seek to shed light on the mechanisms that contributed to the underestimation of the coronavirus threat by the Trump Administration and the slow and mismanaged federal response. The analysis highlights the extent to which the factors identified by previous studies of policy surprise and failure in other security domains are relevant for health security. The paper concludes by addressing the crucial role of executive leadership as an underlying factor in all three perspectives and discussing why the US president is ultimately responsible for ensuring a healthy policy process to guard against the pathologies implicated in the federal government's sub‐optimal response to the COVID‐19 crisis.