bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of ketorolac in the treatment of acute migraine attack: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nurathirah Mohd Noor , Yazid Mohd Boniami , Norhayati Mohd Noor , Baharuddin Kamarul Aryffin , Abu Bakar Mimi Azliha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis review was designated to evaluate the efficacy of parenteral ketorolac in treating acute migraine headache.MethodsWe searched databases Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, and Google Scholar up to January 2021 and identified randomized controlled trials comparing ketorolac to any other medications in treating patients presenting with migraine headache.ResultsThirteen trials were included in our review, comprising 944 participants. We derived seven comparisons: ketorolac versus phenothiazines, metoclopramide, sumatriptan, dexamethasone, sodium valproate, caffeine, and diclofenac. There were no significant differences in the reduction of pain intensity at 1 h under the comparisons between ketorolac and phenothiazines (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.09, p = 0.74) or metoclopramide (SMD = 0.02, p = 0.95). We also found no difference in the outcome recurrence of headache (ketorolac vs. phenothiazines (risk ratio [RR] =0.98, p = 0.97)], ability to return to work or usual activity (ketorolac vs. metoclopramide [RR = 0.64, p = 0.13]), need for rescue medication (ketorolac vs. phenothiazines [RR = 1.72, p = 0.27], ketorolac vs. metoclopramide [RR 2.20, p = 0.18]), and frequency of adverse effects (ketorolac vs. metoclopramide [RR = 1.07, p = 0.82]). Limited trials suggested that ketorolac offered better pain relief at 1 h compared to sumatriptan and dexamethasone; had lesser frequency of adverse effects than phenothiazines; and was superior to sodium valproate in terms of reduction of pain intensity at 1 h, need for rescue medication, and sustained headache freedom within 24 h.ConclusionsKetorolac may have similar efficacy to phenothiazines and metoclopramide in treating acute migraine headache. Ketorolac may also offer better pain control than sumatriptan, dexamethasone, and sodium valproate. However, given the lack of evidence due to inadequate number of trials available, future studies are warranted.
Intracranial hypotension as a contributor to isolated cortical vein thrombosis
Authors: Zhang Dan , Chen Yin , Wang Jin , Hu Xingyue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIsolated cortical vein thrombosis (ICVT), a rare type of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), is diagnostically challenging in some cases, and intracranial hypotension (IH) is known to cause CVT.MethodsIn this study, we reviewed the clinical and imaging characteristics of ICVT in patients with IH caused by spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakage, based on a literature review and investigation of cases from our hospital.ResultsBetween January 1, 2007, and November 1, 2019, 735 patients were diagnosed with IH at our hospital; three patients developed ICVT (incidence ~ 0.4%, 3/735), and the literature review yielded an additional 23 cases. Therefore, 26 patients (mean age 35.9 ± 11.4 years old) were included in this study. The most common symptoms were headache (100.0%, 26/26), focal neurological deficits (53.8%, 14/26), and seizure (34.6%, 9/26). The initial headache was orthostatic in 96.2% (25/26) of patients, and 38.5% (10/26) of patients reported a change in the headache pattern following diagnosis of ICVT. Neuroimaging findings associated with ICVT included the cord sign (61.5%, 16/26) and parenchymal brain lesions (46.2%, 12/26), such as intracerebral hemorrhage (30.8%, 8/26), hemorrhagic infarcts (11.5%, 3/26), and localized edema (11.5%, 3/26). The percentage of patients who received anticoagulation and epidural blood patch therapy was similar (69.2% [18/26] vs. 65.4% [17/26]), and most patients recovered completely (92.3%, 24/26).ConclusionIH should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with ICVT. Knowledge of the relevant clinical and neuroimaging features is important to facilitate early diagnosis for favorable prognosis.
Effectiveness of interleukin‐4 administration or zinc supplementation in improving zinc deficiency–associated thymic atrophy and fatty degeneration and in normalizing T cell maturation process
Authors: Kido Takamasa , Suka Machi , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNutritional zinc deficiency induces thymic atrophy, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of thymic atrophy and fatty degeneration associated with zinc deficiency and its effect on T cell maturation. Building on previous research demonstrating the beneficial effect of IL‐4 administration or zinc supplementation on the spleen in zinc‐deficient rats, we further examined whether these supplements also improve thymic atrophy. Five‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a standard diet, zinc‐deficient diet (n = 16 each) with either saline or IL‐4, or a zinc‐deficient diet for 6 weeks followed by a standard diet for 4 weeks. Relative thymus weights, serum thymulin concentrations, and the number of cytokeratin‐8‐positive cells, AIRE‐positive cells, IL‐7‐positive cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, pre‐T cells, and CD25+ CD44+ (DN3) cells in the thymus of zinc‐deficient rats significantly decreased compared with those in all other groups. Conversely, PPAR‐γ–positive cells, oil red O‐positive areas, pro T cells, CD25− CD44+ cells, TUNEL‐positive cells, Viobility 405/452 Fixable Dye–positive cells, CD68‐, CD163‐ or CD169‐ macrophages, and IL‐1β concentrations were significantly increased in the thymus of zinc‐deficient rats as compared to those in the other groups. After IL‐4 administration or zinc supplementation for zinc deficiency, all the measurement indices were recovered to levels in standard rats. It was demonstrated that zinc deficiency caused thymic atrophy, accompanied by fatty degeneration in the cortical regions and affected T cell maturation. IL‐4 administration or zinc supplementation for zinc deficiency ameliorated thymic fatty degeneration.
Molecular phylogeny of the threadfin fishes (Polynemidae) using ultraconserved elements
Authors: Girard Matthew G. , Davis Matthew P. , Baldwin Carole C. , Dettaï Agnès , Martin Rene P. , Smith W. Leo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThreadfins (Teleostei: Polynemidae) are a group of fishes named for their elongated and threadlike pectoral‐fin rays. These fishes are commonly found in the world's tropical and subtropical waters, and are an economically important group for people living in these regions, with more than 100,000 t harvested in recent years. However, we do not have a detailed understanding of polynemid evolutionary history such that these fishes can be monitored, managed and conserved as an important tropical food source. Recent studies hypothesize at least one genus of threadfins is polyphyletic, and no studies have focused on generating a hypothesis of relationship for the Polynemidae using DNA sequences. In this study, we analyse a genomic dataset of ultraconserved‐element and mitochondrial loci to construct a phylogeny of the Polynemidae. We recover the threadfins as a clade sister to flatfishes, with the most taxonomically rich genus, Polydactylus, being resolved as polyphyletic. When comparing our dataset to data from previous studies, we find that a few recent broad‐scale phylogenies of fishes have incorporated mislabelled, misidentified or chimeric terminals into their analyses, impacting the relationships of threadfins they recover. We highlight these problematic sequences, providing revised identifications based on the data sequenced in this study. We then discuss the intrarelationships of threadfins, highlighting morphological or ecological characters that support the clades we recover.
Coupled Heat Power Operation of Smart Buildings via Modular Pumped Hydro Storage
Authors: Chen Yang , Abu-Heiba Ahmad , Kassaee Saiid , Liu Chenang , Liu Guodong , Starke Michael , Smith Brennan T. , Momen Ayyoub M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the United States, building sector is responsible for around 40% of total energy consumption and contributes about 40% of carbon emissions since 2012. Within the past several years, various optimization models and control strategies have been studied to improve buildings’ energy efficiency and reduce operational expenses under the constraints of satisfying occupants’ comfort requirements. However, the majority of these studies consider building electricity demand and thermal load being satisfied by unidirectional electricity flow from the power grid or on-site renewable energy generation to electrical and thermal home appliances. Opportunities for leveraging low-grade heat for electricity have largely been overlooked due to impracticality at small scale. In 2016, a modular pumped hydro storage technology was invented in Oak Ridge National Laboratory, named Ground Level Integrated Diverse Energy Storage (GLIDES). In GLIDES, employing high-efficiency hydraulic machinery instead of gas compressor/turbine, liquid is pumped to compress gas inside high-pressure vessel creating head on ground level. This unique design eliminates the geographical limitation associated with the existing state-of-the-art energy storage technologies. It is easy to be scaled for building level, community level, and grid level applications. By using this novel hydro-pneumatic storage technology, opportunities for leveraging low-grade heat in building can be economical. In this research, the potential of utilizing low-grade thermal energy to augment electricity generation of GLIDES is investigated. Since GLIDES relies on gas expansion in the discharge process and the gas temperature drops during this nonisothermal process, available thermal energy, e.g., from thermal storage, combined cooling, heat and power system (CCHP), can be utilized by GLIDES to counter the cooling effect of the expansion process and elevate the gas temperature and pressure and boost the roundtrip efficiency. Several groups of comparison experiments have been conducted, and the experimental results show that a maximum 12.9% cost saving could be achieved with unlimited heat source for GLIDES, and a moderate 3.8% cost improvement can be expected when operated coordinately with CCHP and thermal energy storage in a smart building.
Postulating an unconventional location for the missing mid-Pleistocene transition impact: Repaving North America with a cavitated regolith blanket while dispatching Australasian tektites and giving Michigan a thumb
Authors: Davias* Michael E. , Harris Thomas H.S. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
This thesis embraces and expands upon a century of research into disparate geological enigmas, offering a unifying catastrophic explanation for events occurring during the enigmatic mid-Pleistocene transition. Billions of tons of “Australasian tektites” were dispatched as distal ejecta from a target mass of continental sediments during a cosmic impact occurring ca. 788 ka. The accepted signatures of a hypervelocity impact encompass an excavated astrobleme and attendant proximal, medial, and distal ejecta distributions. Enigmatically, the distal tektites remain the only accepted evidence of this impact’s reality. A protracted 50 yr search fixated on impact sites in Southeast Asia—the location of the tektites—has failed to identify the requisite additional impact signatures. We postulate the missing astrobleme and proximal/medial ejecta signatures are instead located antipodal to Southeast Asia. A review of the gradualistic theories for the genesis and age of the “Carolina bay” landforms of North America finds those models incapable of addressing all the facts we observe. Research into 57,000 of those oriented basins informs our speculation that they represent cavitation-derived ovoid basins within energetically delivered geophysical mass surge flows emanating from a cosmic impact. Those flows are seen as repaving regions of North America under blankets of hydrated impact regolith. Our precisely measured Carolina bay orientations indicate an impact site within the Laurentide ice sheet. There, we invoke a grazing regime impact into hydrated early Mesozoic to late Paleozoic continental sediments, similar in composition to the expected Australasian tektites’ parent target. We observe that continental ice shielded the target at ca. 788 ka, a scenario understood to produce anomalous astroblemes. The ensuing excavation allowed the Saginaw glacial lobe’s distinctive and unique passage through the Marshall Sandstone cuesta, which encircles and elsewhere protects the central region of the intracratonic Michigan Basin. Subsequent erosion by multiple ice-age transgressions has obfuscated impact evidence, forming Michigan’s “Thumb” as an enduring event signature. Comprehensive suborbital modeling supports the distribution of distal ejecta to the Australasian tektite strewn field from Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. The mid-Pleistocene transition impact hypothesis unifies the Carolina bays with those tektites as products of an impact into the Saginaw Bay area of Lake Huron, USA. The hypothesis will be falsified if cosmogenic nuclide burial dating of Carolina bay subjacent stratigraphic contacts disallows a coeval regolith emplacement ca. 788 ka across North America. We offer observations, interdisciplinary insights, and informed speculations fitting for an embryonic concept involving a planetary-scale extraterrestrial impact.
Rupture risk prediction of cerebral aneurysms using a novel convolutional neural network-based deep learning model
Authors: Yang Hyeondong , Cho Kwang-Chun , Kim Jung-Jae , Kim Jae Ho , Kim Yong Bae , Oh Je Hoon 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCerebral aneurysms should be treated before rupture because ruptured aneurysms result in serious disability. Therefore, accurate prediction of rupture risk is important and has been estimated using various hemodynamic factors.ObjectiveTo suggest a new way to predict rupture risk in cerebral aneurysms using a novel deep learning model based on hemodynamic parameters for better decision-making about treatment.MethodsA novel convolutional neural network (CNN) model was used for rupture risk prediction retrospectively of 123 aneurysm cases. To include the effect of hemodynamic parameters into the CNN, the hemodynamic parameters were first calculated using computational fluid dynamics and fluid–structure interaction. Then, they were converted into images for training the CNN using a novel approach. In addition, new data augmentation methods were devised to obtain sufficient training data. A total of 53,136 images generated by data augmentation were used to train and test the CNN.ResultsThe CNNs trained with wall shear stress (WSS), strain, and combination images had area under the receiver operating characteristics curve values of 0.716, 0.741, and 0.883, respectively. Based on the cut-off values, the CNN trained with WSS (sensitivity: 0.5, specificity: 0.79) or strain (sensitivity: 0.74, specificity: 0.71) images alone was not highly predictive. However, the CNN trained with combination images of WSS and strain showed a sensitivity and specificity of 0.81 and 0.82, respectively.ConclusionCNN-based deep learning algorithm using hemodynamic factors, including WSS and strain, could be an effective tool for predicting rupture risk in cerebral aneurysms with good predictive accuracy.
A Comparison of the Outcomes of Excision of the Fractured Hook of Hamate via a Carpal Tunnel Approach versus a Lateral Approach
Authors: ASO Kuniichi 
Published: February 2022

Background: The excision of the hook of the hamate is an accepted modality for the treatment of hook of hamate fractures. Three surgical approaches to the hook of hamate have been described in literature. This includes two palmar approaches namely the Guyon canal approach and the carpal tunnel approach, and the lateral approach. The aim of this article is to compare the outcomes of the carpal tunnel approach and the lateral approach. Methods: Twenty-four patients with hook of hamate fractures were treated by excision of the hook of hamate. The hook of hamate was approached via the carpal tunnel in 15 patients and via the lateral approach in 9 patients. The outcomes with regard to duration of the surgery, complications such as pain, sensory disturbance and scar problems and time to return to sports were measured and analysed. Results: There were no significant differences in outcomes between the carpal tunnel and the lateral approach for excision of hook of hamate fractures. Conclusions: The outcomes of excision of the hook of hamate via the carpal tunnel approach and the lateral approach are similar. The decision to choose an approach should be based on the surgeon's familiarity with the approach. Future studies should include a comparison with the Guyon canal approach preferably in a homogenous group of patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Repeat Breast Ultrasound Demonstrates Utility with Added Cancer Detection in Patients following Breast Imaging Second Opinion Recommendations
Authors: Jared Weinfurtner R. , Mallory Melissa Anne , Bermudez Dayana 
Published: February 2022

Purpose. Second opinion consultation for patients with suspicious findings on breast imaging and patients with known breast cancer is not uncommon. We sought to determine the frequency of second opinion breast and axillary ultrasound imaging review and the subsequent impact on clinical management. Materials and Methods. An IRB-approved retrospective chart review was conducted on 400 consecutive patients with second opinion radiology interpretations performed by subspecialized breast radiologists at a designated cancer center, including mammogram and ultrasound review. The outside institution imaging reports were compared with second opinion reports to categorize ultrasound review discrepancies which were defined as any BI-RADS category change. The discrepancy frequency, relevant alterations in patient management, and added cancer detection were measured. Results. The second opinion imaging review resulted in discrepant findings in 108/400 patients (27%). Patients with heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts had higher discrepancy frequency (36% discrepancy, 68/187) than those with almost entirely fatty or scattered fibroglandular breast tissue (19% discrepancy, 40/213) with

P

= 0.0001. Discrepancies resulted in the following changes in impression/recommendations: 70 repeat ultrasounds for better characterization of a breast lesion, 11 repeat ultrasounds of a negative region, 20 repeat ultrasounds for benign axillary lymph nodes, 5 downgrades from probably benign to benign, and 2 upgrades from benign to suspicious. Repeat ultrasounds of the axilla in 19 patients resulted in 13 biopsy recommendations, and 4 were metastatic (PPV3 31%). In the breast, repeat ultrasounds in 81 patients resulted in 14 upgrades to suspicious. Of these, 5 yielded malignancy. In addition, one patient was upgraded from benign to suspicious based on the outside image, with pathology revealing malignancy (breast PPV3 40%). Breast lesion BI-RADS category downgrades in 27 patients resulted in 10 avoided biopsies. Ultimately, second opinion ultrasound review resulted in altered management in 12% of patients (47/400). This included discovery of additional breast malignancies in 6 patients, metastatic lymph nodes in 4 patients, excisional biopsy for atypia in 1 patient, 4 patients proceeding to mastectomy, 10 patients who avoided biopsies, and 22 patients who avoided follow-up of benign findings. Conclusions. In this study, subspecialized second opinion ultrasound review had an impact on preventing unnecessary procedures and follow-up exams in 8% of patients while detecting additional cancer in 2.5%.
Effect of Combining Operating Room Nursing Based on Clinical Quantitative Assessment with WeChat Health Education on Postoperative Complications and Quality of Life of Femoral Fracture Patients Undergoing Internal Fixation
Authors: Liu Qingyan , Wang Juan , Han Jie , Zhang Daiying 
Published: February 2022

Objective. To explore the effect of combining operating room nursing based on clinical quantitative assessment with WeChat health education on postoperative complications and quality of life (QOL) of femoral fracture patients undergoing internal fixation. Methods. Ninety femoral fracture patients treated in our hospital (July 2018 to July 2021) were chosen as the research objects and split into the control group (routine intervention) and the study group (combination of operating room nursing based on clinical quantitative assessment and WeChat health education) according to the nursing intervention modes, with 45 cases each. After nursing, the postoperative complications and QOL of patients were compared between the two groups. Results. No statistical between-group differences in general data were observed (

P

> 0.05); the hospital stay, weight-bearing time, and fracture healing time were obviously shorter in the study group than in the control group (

P

< 0.05); 1 d after surgery, the VAS pain status was not significantly different between the two groups (

P

> 0.05), and 2 d and 3 d after surgery, the VAS scores were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (

P

< 0.05); 1 d after surgery, the Harris scores of patients in the two groups were close and did not present statistical difference (

P

> 0.05), and 8 weeks after surgery, the Harris score was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (

P

< 0.05); the scores on self-care agency such as self-concept, self-care skills, sense of self-care responsibility, and health knowledge level were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (

P

< 0.05); compared with the control group, the probability of occurring incision infection, lung infection, pressure sore, swelling and pain, and other complications was significantly lower in the study group (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. Implementing operating room nursing based on clinical quantitative assessment combined with WeChat health education to femoral fracture patients undergoing internal fixation can effectively improve their postoperative clinical indicators, reduce their postoperative pain sensation and complication incidence, and effectively promote the joint motion range, which is conducive to enhancing their self-care agency and QOL.