bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONVERSION OF DOSE DISTRIBUTION TO CELL SURVIVAL FRACTION THROUGH DNA DAMAGE: A MONTE CARLO STUDY
Authors: Salgado Maldonado Sebastián , Russomando Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ionizing radiation plays an important role in cancer treatment. Radiation is able to damage the genetic material of cells, blocking their ability to divide and proliferate further. Since radiation affects both healthy and malignant tissues, for all radiation treatments, the design of an accurate treatment plan is fundamental. Usually, weight factors, such as the relative biological effectiveness, are applied to estimate the impact of the kind of radiation and the irradiated medium on the dose deposition. However, these factors can only provide a partial estimation of the real effect on tissues. In this work, a flexible system that is able to predict cell survival fractions according to the planned dose distribution is presented. Dose deposition and subsequent DNA damage were simulated with a multi-scale modeling approach by first applying the FLUKA Monte Carlo (MC) code to estimate the absorbed doses and fluence energy spectra and then using the MC Damage Simulation code to compute the DNA damage yields. Lastly, the results are converted into cell survival fraction using a theoretical model. The comparisons between the simulated survival fractions with experimental data are reported for a proton spread out Bragg peak at several doses. The presented approach helps to elucidate radiobiological responses along the Bragg curve and has the flexibility to be extended to a wide range of situations of clinical interest.
What Explains Socioeconomic Disparities in Early Pregnancy Rates?
Authors: Cha Hyungmin , Weitzman Abigail 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, we integrate diverse structural, social psychological, and relational perspectives to develop and test a comprehensive framework of the processes that make early pregnancy a socially stratified phenomenon. Drawing on rich panel data collected among a sample of 940 18- to 20-year-old women from a county in Michigan, we estimate nested hazard models and formal mediation analyses to simultaneously elucidate the extent to which different mechanisms explain disparities in early pregnancy rates across maternal education levels—a key indicator of socioeconomic status. Together, our distal mechanisms explain 53 and 31 percent of the difference in pregnancy rates between young women whose mothers graduated college and young women whose mothers graduated and did not graduate high school, respectively. Reproductive desires, norms, and attitudes, relationship contexts, and educational opportunities and environment each link maternal education to young women’s odds of pregnancy. Self-efficacy, however, plays only a modest role; while contraceptive affordability and knowledge are not significant pathways. These findings bring into focus the most prominent intervening mechanisms through which socioeconomic circumstances shape young women’s likelihood of becoming pregnant during the transition to adulthood.
Use of Human iPSC-CMs in Nonclinical Regulatory Studies for Cardiac Safety Assessment
Authors: Yang Xi , Ribeiro Alexandre J S , Pang Li , Strauss David G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) provide a human-relevant platform for cardiac function assessment. Alternative assays using hiPSC-CMs are increasingly being employed for regulatory decision-making. A retrospective review revealed steady use of hiPSC-CM-based in vitro assays in nonclinical studies of drug-induced cardiotoxicity in regulatory submissions to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Most of the hiPSC-CMs data were obtained in exploratory studies and submitted as supportive evidence in concordance with other nonclinical data. Some of those studies were used to inform clinical trial design. This article provides an overview of the use of hiPSC-CMs in regulatory applications to FDA, with a focus on the integration of human-relevant in vitro data into proarrhythmic and non-proarrhythmic risk assessment. By identifying the regulatory submissions including hiPSC-CMs data, we explore their utility and discuss their limitations for predicting human cardiac safety in clinical trials. An important take-home message is that regulatory acceptance of hiPSC-CMs data is dependent on both the context of use and accurate data interpretation.
Paraphyly of Marimermithida refines primary routes of transition to parasitism in roundworms
Authors: Tchesunov Alexei V , Nikolaeva Olga V , Rusin Leonid Yu , Sanamyan Nadezda P , Panina Elena G , Miljutin Dmitry M , Gorelysheva Daria I , Pegova Anna N , Khromova Maria R , Mardashova Maria V , Mikhailov Kirill V , Yushin Vladimir V , Petrov Nikolai B , Lyubetsky Vassily A , Nikitin Mikhail A , Aleoshin Vladimir V 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParasitic life-strategies in the phylum Nematoda (roundworms) are remarkably diverse and intricate in terms of evolution and taxonomy. By analysing novel rDNA data obtained on rare host-associated groups with unusual biology, we reveal paraphyly of the last major taxon with uncertain higher-rank classification that united solely parasitic nematodes (Marimermithida) to show that primarily marine parasitism only emerged independently and repeatedly in a few free-living lineages. We report secondary seaward ingression of land-based parasites (Mermithida) via invading hosts in the subtidal zone to illustrate the host-borne scenario of oceanic fish and mammal colonization by primarily terrestrial parasites (Spiruria). We also present the first molecular data on marine nematodes from unicellular hosts (foraminiferan protozoans) to demonstrate the independent origins of exploitative nematode associations at a microscopic scale. We argue that, in contrast with primarily intestinal associations arising from saprotrophy and commensalism, non-intestinal host capture (colonization of host body cavity or internal organs) is likely to be a primary route of transition to truly exploitative parasitism in roundworms. Predispositions to host capture in nematode morphology, ecology and life cycles imply its evolution as part of innate pre-adaptations to crossing environmental boundaries to enable multiple successful transitions to parasitism in the phylum history.
Seed Health Testing: Doing Things Right
Authors: Hiddink Gerrit A. , Willmann Roland , Woudenberg Joyce H. C. , Souza-Richards Rose 
Published: September 2022

Since seeds can be a route for pathogen introduction, they are routinely inspected and tested to prevent pest outbreaks and introduction into new territories. The need for high throughput, short lead times, and cost reduction has played an important role in the development and application of techniques in seed health testing. Examples are molecular and serological techniques, such as ELISA and PCR assays, which are commonly called indirect tests. After signal detection in ELISA or PCR assay a seed lot is a suspect lot that requires further investigation for a final conclusion about the health status of the seed lot, since these tests do not provide any information about pathogen viability or pathogenicity. The seed industry uses them as a prescreen to identify healthy seed lots and in combination with classical methods, commonly called direct tests, to confirm viability of the target pathogen and demonstrate its pathogenicity. However, outside industry, indirect tests are increasingly used to make a final decision on the health status of a seed lot. This has led to a growing number of seed lots being rejected when the risk of introducing a pathogen to importing countries may have been negligible. We propose that investments continue to be made in the development of high-throughput prescreening detection methods like HTS and PCR assays, but together with direct tests that enable accurate assessment of the risks involved when target pathogens are detected using indirect tests. Close collaboration between molecular scientists and classical phytopathologists is essential. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A Central Collinear Start Point for Reconstruction Nailing of Femur Fractures: A Technical Trick and Case Series
Authors: Robles Abrianna S. , DeSanto Donald J. , Earhart Jeffrey S. , Marecek Geoffrey S. 
Published: September 2022

Summary:
Selecting the optimal entry point for reconstruction nailing is critical to avoid iatrogenic malalignment and optimize mechanical stability. In-line nailing is familiar to surgeons and desirable for its on-axis position. However, there are several potential drawbacks. We describe a modified entry point and present an accompanying clinical series emphasizing an entry point in line with the medullary canal and central on the femoral neck. This central collinear start point is anterior to the traditional piriformis start point and may obviate some of the potential drawbacks with traditional piriformis nailing.
Genetic Variant of ROBO3 Gene Is Associated with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in the Chinese Population
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Zhang Zhanrong , Shu Lun , Meng Yichen , Ma Jun , Gao Rui , Zhou Xuhui 
Published: September 2022

Study Design.
A case-control association study.

Objectives.
This study aimed to reveal whether mutations within ROBO3 gene were related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in Chinese Han population and to investigate the functional role of ROBO3 in the pathogenesis and progression of AIS.

Summary of Background Data.
ROBO3 is essential for the regulation of hind brain axonal cell migration and midline crossing. Studies have demonstrated that ROBO3 homozygous mutations are associated with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). However, whether and how ROBO3 contributed to the development of scoliosis remains unclear.

Methods.
Whole exome sequencing was performed in 135 AIS patients and 267 healthy controls to evaluate the differences of SNP variants within ROBO3. Then the identified variant of ROBO3 was genotyped in another cohort included 1140 AIS patients and 1580 controls. Moreover, paraspinal muscles were collected from 39 AIS patients and 45 lumbar disc herniation patients for the measurement of ROBO3 mRNA expression. The Chi-square test, Fisher exact test or Student’s t test were used to compare intergroup data. Pearson correlation was used to determine the association between ROBO3 expression and clinical phenotypes.

Results.
Significant association was identified between the gene variant (rs74787566) of ROBO3 and the development of AIS through exome sequencing. Then its genotyping cohort demonstrated that higher frequency of allele A in AIS patients compared to controls (7.89% vs. 4.30%, P<0.001, odds ratio=1.87). In addition, ROBO3 expression in paraspinal muscles were inversely correlated with cobb’s angle (P=0.043, r2=0.1059).

Conclusion.
The mutation of ROBO3 were remarkably associated with AIS. The declined expression of ROBO3 could participated in the progression of curve magnitude. Further studies were needed to verify the functional role of ROBO3 in the development of AIS.

Level of Evidence.
3
Little Finger Duplication
Authors: AlNojaidi Taif F. , AlAqil Sultan N. , Wani Shabir , Wafiq Wafa Ahmed 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Polydactyly is defined as an extra finger or toe that is present at birth. It is a congenital anomaly that can manifest as a single disorder or as a component of a syndrome. Treatment can be conservative or operative depending on the anticipated function of the extra digit. In this report, we describe a case of a bifid 5th digit on the right hand. The aim of this report was to report a new variant of type IIIB described by Duran (2015). This will possibly lead to the modification of the current classifications, which will improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
Penetrating Keratoplasty Versus Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in Children With Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy: Long-Term Results
Authors: Al-Dahan Danya , AlRajhi Ali , AlHazzani Abeer , Alabdulwahid Rayanah , Alqarni Awad , Ahad Muhammad A 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in patients with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED).

Methods:
This was a retrospective, comparative study of all the patients with a histopathological diagnosis of CHED who underwent PKP or DSAEK between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2016. All the cases were included except those patients who had clear grafts but did not complete 2 years of postoperative follow-up. The main outcome measure was graft clarity 2 years after surgery.

Results:
There were 111 eyes of 63 patients. Seventy-six eyes underwent PKP, and 35 eyes underwent DSAEK. The median age at surgery was 6.8 years in the PKP group and 10.32 years in the DSAEK group. At 2 years postoperatively, clear grafts were noted in 66 of 76 (86.8%) eyes in the PKP group and 30 of 35 (85.7%) eyes in the DSAEK group. At the last follow-up, 80.3% of PKP grafts and 82.8% of DSAEK grafts were clear (P=0.5). The type and timing of complications differed between the 2 groups. The PKP group had a statistically significant higher rate of graft rejection (19.5%) versus the DSAEK group (0%) (P=0.01). DSAEK complications were mainly lenticule detachment that developed within one month postoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference in the visual outcomes at the last follow-up between the groups.

Conclusion:
Endothelial keratoplasty is a safe alternative to conventional PKP in CHED. The visual outcome and survival rates were comparable, but DSAEK had a lower rejection rate and fewer suture-related complications.
Impact of Care in an Interdisciplinary Inflammatory Bowel Disease Specialty Clinic on Outcomes in Patients Insured with Medicaid
Authors: Wang Christina P. , Zylberberg Haley M. , Borman Zachary A. , Engelman Sally , Yanes Ricardo , Hirten Robert P. , Sands Bruce E. , Cohen Benjamin L. , Ungaro Ryan C. , Rao Bhavana B. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are known to benefit from care delivered in a specialized, interdisciplinary setting. We aimed to evaluate the impact of this model on health outcomes, quality metrics, and health care resource utilization (HRU) in IBD patients insured with Medicaid.

Materials and Methods:
In July 2017, IBD patients at our tertiary hospital were transitioned from a fellows’ general gastroenterology (GI) clinic to a fellows’ interdisciplinary IBD clinic. IBD patients were included if they were insured with Medicaid, had at least 1 visit in the general GI clinic between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017, and at least 1 visit between July 1, 2017 and June 30, 2018 in the IBD clinic. Characteristics related to patients’ IBD course, overall health care maintenance, and HRU were compared.

Results:
A total of 170 patients (51% male, mean age 39 y) were included. After the transition to the IBD clinic, use of corticosteroids (37% vs. 25%; P=0.004) and combination therapy were significantly lower (55% vs. 38%; P=0.0004), although use of high-dose biologics numerically increased (58.5% vs. 67%; P=0.05). Posttransition, patients showed significantly lower levels of mean C-reactive protein (P=0.04). After the transition, patients attended significantly fewer outpatient GI visits (P=0.0008) but were more often seen by other health care specialists (P=0.0003), and experienced a numeric decrease in HRU with fewer emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and surgeries.

Conclusions:
Care in an interdisciplinary, IBD specialty setting is associated with significantly decreased corticosteroid use, decreased C-reactive protein levels, and improved access to ancillary services in Medicaid patients.
Prevalence of comorbidities in deceased patients with COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Justino Dayane Caroliny Pereira , Silva David Franciole Oliveira , Costa Ketyllem Tayanne da Silva , de Morais Thiffany Nayara Bento , de Andrade Fábia Barbosa 
Published: September 2022

Background:
In December 2019, a new disease, coronavirus disease (COVID-19), emerged, which put several countries on a state of alert. Because it is a novel virus, several aspects and factors that contribute to the evolution of pathogenesis are still unknown and need to be better understood. Therefore, a systematic review is necessary to investigate the association between COVID-19 infection and chronic nontransmissible disease in patients who have died of COVID-19.

Methods:
This was a systematic review of the literature for observational studies published between December 2019 and September 2020. The protocol for this systematic review was registered in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD42020176249.

Results:
In the 31 studies analyzed, a total of 421,872 (100%) patients were infected with COVID-19, and, of these, 45,399 (10.8%) died. The 3 most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and respiratory diseases, respectively. The cure/recovery rate was 89.2% (376,473).

Conclusion:
This review revealed a high percentage of comorbidities in the patients with COVID-19, especially those who died.
Authors who contributed most to the fields of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis since 2011 using the hT-index: Bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Hsien-Yi , Chien Tsair-Wei , Kan Wei-Chih , Wang Chen-Yu , Chou Willy 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The h-index does not take into account the full citation list of a researcher to evaluate individual research achievements (IRAs). As a generalization of the h-index, the hT-index takes all citations into account to evaluate IRAs. Compared to other bibliometric indices, it is unclear whether the hT-index is more closely associated with the h-index. We utilized articles published on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (HD/PD) to validate the hT-index as a measure of the most significant contributions to HD/PD.

Methods:
Using keywords involving HD/PD in titles, subject areas, and abstracts since 2011, we obtained 7702 abstracts and their associated metadata (e.g., citations, authors, research institutes, countries of origin). In total, 4752 first or corresponding authors with hT-indices >0 were evaluated. To present the author’s IRA, the following 4 visualizations were used: radar, Sankey, impact beam plot, and choropleth map to investigate whether the hT-index was more closely associated with the h-index than other indices (e.g., g-/x-indices and author impact factors), whether the United States still dominates the majority of publications concerning PD/HD, and whether there was any difference in research features between 2 prolific authors.

Results:
In HD/PD articles, we observed that (a) the hT-index was closer to and associated with the h-index; (b1) the United States (37.15), China (34.63), and Japan (28.09) had the highest hT-index; (b2) Sun Yat Sen University (Chian) earned the highest hT-index (=20.02) among research institutes; (c1) the authors with the highest hT-indices (=15.64 and 14.39, respectively) were David W Johnson (Australia) and Andrew Davenport (UK); and (c2) their research focuses on PD and HD, respectively.

Conclusion:
The hT-index was demonstrated to be appropriate for assessing IRAs along with visualizations. The hT-index is recommended in future bibliometric analyses of IRAs as a complement to the h-index.
Relationship between MTHFR C677T, homocysteine, and ischemic stroke in a large sample of the Han Chinese population
Authors: Jin Ming , Wang Ningning , Li Xueyan , Zhang Hao , Zhou Jexin , Cong Mingyu , Niu Jun , Lin Chongyang , Hu Ying , Wu Nan , Liu Jicheng , Zhang Keyong , Qiu Changchun 
Published: September 2022

Ischemic stroke, one of the prevalent causes of death and disability worldwide, is linked to environmental and genetic factors, including polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene involved in homocysteine metabolism. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the MTHFR C677T variant, plasma homocysteine, and risk of developing large-artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (LAAIS) among Han Chinese.
A population-based case-control study, which included 1810 patients with LAAIS and 1765 unrelated control subjects, was conducted. Compared to the controls, LAAIS patients had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and alcohol consumption (P < .001), as well as significantly higher mean fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and plasma homocysteine levels (P < .001). The TT homozygous genotype correlated with increased risk of developing LAAIS, as indicated by a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) compared to the CT and CC genotypes, in both additive (OR = 3.215, P = .01) and recessive models (OR = 3.265, P = .01). The plasma homocysteine level was genotype-dependent according to the following trend: TT > CT > CC.
In conclusion, our data demonstrate that, in spite of its low prevalence in both patients and controls (1.5% vs 0.8%), the MTHFR C677T variant could, at least in part, affect homocysteine levels and this, either alone or in combination with other factors, increases the risk of LAAIS.
The prevention of stroke by statins: A meta-analysis
Authors: San Xiaoxu , Lv Zhiguo , Xu Peng , Wang Jian , Lan Tianye 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
The objectives of this study were to determine the preventive effects of statins on stroke.

Methods:
The published randomized controlled trials of statins for stroke prevention were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and China Journal databases. We performed the meta-analysis via calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to study the mortality rate, incidence, and recurrence rate of patients with stroke in the prevention group and the control group. Chi-square-based Q test and I
2 statistics were performed to test the potential heterogeneity; we conducted the sensitivity analysis to assess the stability of our analysis. Moreover, we performed the Begg and Egger tests to assess the publication bias.

Results:
Nine studies were included to perform meta-analysis, which included 15,497 patients (prevention group [n = 4114]; control group [n = 11383]). We found that the statins were not associated with the patients with stroke in mortality rate (OR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.82, 1.23]) and incidence (OR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.46, 1.92]) between the 2 groups. However, there was a significant differences in recurrence rate between the 2 groups (OR = 0.31, 95% CI [0.19, 0.51]).

Conclusions:
Our findings indicated that the statins were associated with the patients with stroke in recurrence rate, but there was no significant correlation with the mortality and morbidity of patients with stroke.
Patients with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm in pregnancy: A rare case report
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Yidong , Lu Mingming , Shen Mengdan , Duan Zhao 
Published: September 2022

Rationale:
Previous clinical reports of patients with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) in pregnancy are rare.

Patient concerns:
The present study presents the case of 37-year-old women exhibiting third trimester with progressive painless, abdominal skin nodules.

Interventions and outcomes:
A 37-year-old pregnant woman with BPDCN and partial placenta previa and racket-shaped placenta. After comprehensive evaluation, the pregnancy status ends at 37 weeks and 6 days by cesarean section of lower uterus and no abnormality in the newborn.

Lessons:
Pregnant women diagnosed with BPDCN in the third trimester should terminate the pregnancy promptly for further treatment.