bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deworming among preschool age children in sub-Saharan Africa: pooled prevalence and multi-level analysis
Authors: Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Kibret Anteneh Ayelign , Diress Mengistie , Gela Yibeltal Yismaw , Sinamaw Deresse , Simegn Wudneh , Andualem Amare Agmas , Seid Abdulwase Mohammed , Bitew Desalegn Anmut , Seid Mohammed Abdu , Eshetu Habitu Birhan , Jemere Tsega Degu , Shiferaw Yalelet Fentaw , Shibabaw Yadelew Yimer , Chilot Dagmawi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) preschool age children are more vulnerable to soil-transmitted helminths (STH) which caused millions of morbidity because of low socioeconomic status and lack of clean water and sanitation. Despite this problem, there is minimal evidence on the prevalence and factors associated with deworming medication utilization among preschool age children (pre-SAC) in SSA regions. Hence this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of deworming among preschool age children in SSA.

Methods
Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data were used for this study with a total weighted 192,652 children aged 24–59 months. Taking deworming medication in the 6 months preceding the interview was our outcome of interest. A multi-level binary logistic regression model was fitted. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was taken to identify significant variables.

Results
The prevalence of deworming medication utilization among preschool age children in SSA was 45.03% (95% CI 44.46%, 45.60%), ranging from 41.82% in Malawi to 50.5% in Lesotho. It was 44.91% (95% CI 44.32%, 45.51%) among countries having endemic STH infection and 46.01% (95% CI 43.64%, 48.38%) for none endemic countries. Factors such as; secondary and above women education [AOR = 2.18; 95% CI 2.10, 2.26], occupation [AOR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.27, 1.34], having ≥ 11 family members [AOR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.64, 0.70], household media exposure [AOR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.13, 1.19] and richer wealth status [AOR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.16, 1.27], vitamin A supplementation [AOR = 6.18; 95% CI 6.02, 6.33] and living rural residence [AOR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.92, 0.98] have significantly associated with deworming among preschool age children.

Conclusions
Utilization of deworming medication among pre-SAC children in sub-Saharan Africa is below half. Factors, such as the education status of women, family size, household media exposure, wealth status, diarrhea, vitamin A supplementation, and residence were significant variables. To increase the utilization of deworming medication for pre-SAC, WHO should work as an integrated approach with other stakeholders, by strengthening women’s education, and media exposure. Maternal employment should be promoted and prior attention should be given to rural children.
A participatory student workshop on climate change and sustainability: a comparative case study
Authors: Larose Carole , Blaisot Christine , Burke Eleanor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate change is an environmental and existential issue of great urgency, especially for today’s youth. Until recently, the French national school curriculum had not given students much opportunity to learn about climate change (CC), its causes and repercussions, and mitigating measures to reach sustainable climate conditions. This article describes a six-week participatory, experiential workshop that brought together two groups of French students (one age 10 and the other age 16) to learn and teach each other about CC. Older students learned about the Conference of the Parties, COP21 Paris agreement and the IPCC climate findings and recommendations. Together the two groups developed greater understanding about CC, and proposed concrete environmental actions that they could undertake at home and in their local district to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We examine four products of their collaboration:

slide presentations that they created jointly,

students’ written reflections on learning about sustainability and CC,

the group’s list of proposed personal and family actions to decrease their carbon footprint, and

notes from a meeting with local governmental officials.

We draw inferences from these sources, and extract two recurrent themes in the students’ learning. These themes highlight a mismatch between youth’s sense of urgency to respond to the climate emergency and the older generation’s sluggish pace of addressing it. This article is a qualitative case study of a successful attempt to raise students’ awareness of sustainability and climatic issues, and to involve them in thinking collaboratively with others about the tasks ahead to address the problem of climate change from a local perspective.
One Health security lessons from a year-long webinar series on international COVID-19 response
Authors: Kennedy Caroline R. M. , de Bruin Yuri Bruinen , Lequarré Anne-Sophie , Ackerman Rebecca T. , Luster Jill , Tsang Tiffany M. , McInturff Kari D. , Carter Cassandra P. , Pilch Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFollowing the principles outlined by the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s International Biosecurity and Prevention Forum, the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, and the Middlebury Institute of International Studies’ James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies cohosted a webinar series from April 2020 to January 2021 on COVID-19 management across Africa, Europe, and North America. We provide here an overview of the webinar series and discuss how lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic and debated during the webinars can be used to bridge One Health with biological threat-driven health security. This report can be used to inform recommendations for future One Health security approaches to strengthen global capacity and multidisciplinary cooperation.
The impact of perceived customer discrimination on negative word-of-mouth: the mediating role of customer embarrassment
Authors: Ahmed Farhan , Liang DaPeng , Abdullah Muhammad Ibrahim , Sarfraz Muddassar , Saeed Zeeshan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDisadvantaged or minority customers are always vulnerable to discriminatory treatment by service employees. Discrimination against minority customers has become a frequent headline in the news. The main objective of this research is to construct a model that explains the relationship between perceived customer discrimination, negative word-of-mouth, and customer embarrassment. The paper proposes a direct relationship between perceived customer discrimination and switching intentions and an indirect relationship via customer embarrassment. Furthermore, discriminatory service experiences are classified into three categories to add transparency to customers’ discriminatory experiences. This research also investigates the mediating role played by customer embarrassment. We collected data from minority customers to prove the proposed hypotheses' statistical significance. A survey was designed to collect data from respondents using self-administrative questionnaires. The data collection process was rigorous and yielded 252 useful questionnaires. Direct and indirect hypotheses testing was carried out by using Analysis of Moment Structures software. The research findings reveal that perceived customer discrimination significantly influences customer embarrassment. Furthermore, all perceived customer discrimination, i.e., overt, subtle, and service-level, significantly impact customer embarrassment. It is also found that customer embarrassment statistically impacts negative word-of-mouth. Additionally, the mediating role of customer embarrassment is also successfully substantiated. The paper includes implications for theory and practice, limitations of research, and future research options.
Conscious awareness in the evolution of the brain through a psychological anthropology approach
Authors: Birkök M. Cüneyt 
Published: October 2022

Psychological anthropology examines the relationship across culture and personality. In this study, the state of conscious awareness and the free will that forms the basis for it are evaluated from various perspectives in the development process of the brain. In which direction has the brain evolved, is conscious awareness and therefore free will possible? Is consciousness determined by the laws of nature, or is mindfulness chosen by free will? To reach the solutions that conscious will provide, these questions need to be answered and all the necessary methods need to be created. It is accepted that free will is a state of following the rules. Otherwise, society and cultural systems cannot emerge in any way. As a result, the perception of free will is thought to be a fundamental dynamic that creates social structure by providing an evolutionary advantage. Homo Sapiens has evolutionarily developed a perception of free will. Thus, it has been possible to make decisions and put them into practice to determine the best options in the struggle for survival and reproduction and to evaluate them more efficiently.
Özet
Psikolojik antropoloji, kültür ile kişilik arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Bu çalışmada beynin gelişme süreci içinde bilinçli farkındalık ve ona zemin teşkil eden özgür iradenin durumu çeşitli açılardan değerlendirilmektedir. Beyin hangi yöne doğru evrilmiştir, bilinçli farkındalık ve dolayısıyla özgür bir irade mümkün müdür? Bilinç, doğa yasaları tarafından determine bir şekilde mi üretilmektedir, yoksa bilinçli farkındalık bir özgür irade ile tercih edilmekte midir? Farkındalığın sağlayacağı çözümlere ulaşmak için bu soruların yanıtlanarak gerekli yöntemlerin oluşturulması gerekmektedir. Özgür iradenin bir kurallara uyulması durumu olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Aksi taktirde toplum ve kültürel sistemler herhangi bir şekilde ortaya çıkamaz. Sonuç olarak, özgür irade algısının evrimsel bir avantaj sağlayarak toplumsal yapıyı meydana getiren temel bir dinamik olduğu düşünülmektedir. Homo Sapiens’te evrimsel olarak bir özgür irade algısı gelişmiştir. Böylece hayatta kalma ve üreme mücadelesinde en iyi seçeneklerin saptanması ve daha verimli bir şekilde değerlendirilebilmesi için karar almak ve uygulamaya koymak mümkün olmuştur
Associating local strains to global pressure–volume mouse lung mechanics using digital image correlation
Authors: Nelson Talyah M. , Quiros Kathrine A. M. , Mariano Crystal A. , Sattari Samaneh , Ulu Arzu , Dominguez Edward C. , Nordgren Tara M. , Eskandari Mona 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPulmonary diseases alter lung mechanical properties, can cause loss of function, and necessitate use of mechanical ventilation, which can be detrimental. Investigations of lung tissue (local) scale mechanical properties are sparse compared to that of the whole organ (global) level, despite connections between regional strain injury and ventilation. We examine ex vivo mouse lung mechanics by investigating strain values, local compliance, tissue surface heterogeneity, and strain evolutionary behavior for various inflation rates and volumes. A custom electromechanical, pressure–volume ventilator is coupled with digital image correlation to measure regional lung strains and associate local to global mechanics by analyzing novel pressure–strain evolutionary measures. Mean strains at 5 breaths per minute (BPM) for applied volumes of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 ml are 5.0, 7.8, and 11.3%, respectively, and 4.7, 8.8, and 12.2% for 20 BPM. Similarly, maximum strains among all rate and volume combinations range 10.7%–22.4%. Strain values (mean, range, mode, and maximum) at peak inflation often exhibit significant volume dependencies. Additionally, select evolutionary behavior (e.g., local lung compliance quantification) and tissue heterogeneity show significant volume dependence. Rate dependencies are generally found to be insignificant; however, strain values and surface lobe heterogeneity tend to increase with increasing rates. By quantifying strain evolutionary behavior in relation to pressure–volume measures, we associate time‐continuous local to global mouse lung mechanics for the first time and further examine the role of volume and rate dependency. The interplay of multiscale deformations evaluated in this work can offer insights for clinical applications, such as ventilator‐induced lung injury.
Small solitons and multisolitons in the generalized Davey-Stewartson system
Authors: Bai Mengxue , Zhang Jian , Zhu Shihui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
By introducing and solving a new cross-constrained variational problem, a one-to-one correspondence from the prescribed mass to frequency of soliton is established for the generalized Davey-Stewartson system in two-dimensional space. Orbital stability of small soiltons depending on frequencies is proved. Multisolitons with different speeds are constructed by stable small solitons.
Anticipating extreme losses using score-driven shape filters
Authors: Ayala Astrid , Blazsek Szabolcs , Escribano Alvaro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We suggest a new value-at-risk (VaR) framework using EGARCH (exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) models with score-driven expected return, scale, and shape filters. We use the EGB2 (exponential generalized beta of the second kind), NIG (normal-inverse Gaussian), and Skew-Gen-t (skewed generalized-t) distributions, for which the score-driven shape parameters drive the skewness, tail shape, and peakedness of the distribution. We use daily data on the Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) index for the period of February 1990 to October 2021. For all distributions, likelihood-ratio (LR) tests indicate that several EGARCH models with dynamic shape are superior to the EGARCH models with constant shape. We compare the realized volatility with the conditional volatility estimates, and we find two Skew-Gen-t specifications with dynamic shape, which are superior to the Skew-Gen-t specification with constant shape. The shape parameter dynamics are associated with important events that affected the stock market in the United States (US). VaR backtesting is performed for the dot.com boom (January 1997 to October 2020), the 2008 US Financial Crisis (October 2007 to March 2009), and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic (January 2020 to October 2021). We show that the use of the dynamic shape parameters improves the VaR measurements.
Achaemenid Building Technology
Authors: Motamedmanesh Mahdi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although critics in the late twentieth century refuted the tendency of early Western scholars to regard Achaemenid architecture as merely eclectic and thus lacking in originality, these old assumptions still influence the study of Achaemenid material culture. Mahdi Motamedmanesh draws upon interdisciplinary approaches to illuminate the material context that enabled the Achaemenids to forge new architectural vocabularies in his essay Achaemenid Building Technology: The Key to a New Reading of Royal Achaemenid Architecture. Based on analysis of the building techniques of Achaemenid hypostyle architecture in dialogue with construction history and the history of the Achaemenid Empire, the essay argues that Achaemenid builders gradually developed an advanced understanding of structural behavior. This approach offers an opportunity to reexamine earlier arguments about the unprecedented forms and geometric innovations that distinguished Achaemenid palace layouts and details. By proposing a general theoretical framework for Achaemenid architectural innovation, this article seeks to encourage further cross-disciplinary investigations of Achaemenid building technology.
Evaluation of baseline cleanliness of food contact surfaces in Basrah Governorate restaurants using ATP-bioluminescence to assess the effectiveness of HACCP application in Iraq
Authors: Altemimi Ammar B. , Alhelfi Nawfal , Ali Athmar A. , Pasqualone Antonella , Fidan Hafize , Abedelmaksoud Tarek Gamal , Giuffrè Angelo Maria , Ibrahim Salam A. 
Published: October 2022

The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system prevents and manages physical, chemical and biological risks at places where foods and beverages are processed, packaged, distributed and consumed. The present study (1) assessed the level of microbial contamination of food contact surfaces using adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bioluminescence in Iraq restaurants; (2) investigated the level of microbial contamination of food contact surfaces; and (3) evaluated the efficiency of sanitizers in removing biological hazards from food contact surfaces. The ATP-bioluminescence discovered the presence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on surfaces and tools. Results also showed that the HACCP application was very effective in the amelioration of food quality.
On the Improper Use of CRC for Cryptographic Purposes in RFID Mutual Authentication Protocols
Authors: Taqieddin Eyad S. 
Published: October 2022

Mutual authentication is essential to guarantee the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of an RFID system. One area of interest is the design of lightweight mutual authentication protocols that meet the limited computational and energy resources of the tags. These protocols use simple operations such as permutation and cyclic redundancy code for cryptographic purposes. However, these functions are cryptographically weak and are easily broken. In this work, we present a case against the use of these functions for cryptographic purposes, due to their simplicity and linear properties, by analyzing the LPCP protocol. We evaluate the claims of the LPCP resistance to de-synchronization and full disclosure attacks and show that the protocol is weak and can be easily broken by eavesdropping on a few mutual authentication sessions. This weakness stems from the functions themselves as well as the improper use of inputs to these functions. We further offer suggestions that would help in designing more secure protocols.
Study of correlation of red cell distribution width with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Gaur Ravi , Tundwal Vijay Kumar , Gaur Ritumbhara , Gaur Mohit , Khatri J.K 
Published: October 2022

Acute exacerbation of COPD is one of the most common disease in patients with infections, having frequent hospitalization. The aim of this study is to find whether there is any relationship between RDW with mortality in AECOPD. The hospital based case control Study is was conduct on hospitalized 50 patient with primary and final diagnosis of AECOPD and 50 patient of stable period of COPD. Socio-demographic variable in both groups were comparable. BMI was significantly lower in AECOPD patients. The mean PACK/YR in AECOPD group was 24.44±6.23 and in Stable COPD was 20.66±8.21. Mean admission per year were significantly higher in AECOPD patients (1.88±0.80 per year) as compare to stable COPD patients (0.80±0.67 per year). Mean FEV1 % was significantly lower in AECOPD patients (43.87±14.26) as compare to stable COPD patients (48.12±20.18). Mean RDW significantly higher in AECOPD (17.60±5.70%) as compare to stable COPD patients (13.80±3.33%). The difference in both groups was found statistically significant. MCV was significantly lower in AECOPD (82.04±1.49) as compare to stable COPD patients (86.50±1.87). The difference in both groups was found statistically significant. RDW was significantly higher in those patient who were died (19.50±0.70%) as compare to survived patients (17.52±5.61%). The difference in both groups was found statistically significant. 4.00% hospital mortality in AECOPD group. We have concluded that the mean red cell distribution width on the day of presenting the illness was significantly higher in AECOPD as compare to stable COPD. Those patients who had a high red cell distribution width during admission were associated with poor prognosis.
Correlation of neutrophil to lymphocyte with acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at tertiary care hospital in North West Rajasthan
Authors: Ritumbhara  , Soni Gunjan , Gaur Ravi , Khatri J.K , Soni Kritika 
Published: October 2022

Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), is one of the most common disease in patients with infections, having frequent hospitalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential for NLR to be used as a biomarker of COPD exacerbation. The hospital based case control Study is was conduct on hospitalized 100 patient with primary and final diagnosis of AECOPD and 100 patient of stable period of COPD. Socio-demographic variable in both groups were comparable. BMI was significantly lower in AECOPD patients. The mean PACK/YR in AECOPD group was 29.52±3.70 and in Stable COPD was 23.50±2.05. FEV1was significantly lower in AECOPD patients. Mean admission per year was significantly higher in AECOPD patients. Mean neutrophil count was significantly higher in AECOPD patients (11.49±2.32) as compare to stable COPD patients (6.47±2.01). Mean lymphyocyte count was significantly higher in AECOPD patients (2.07±0.05) as compare to stable COPD patients (1.71±0.07). Mean NLR was significantly higher in AECOPD patients (5.54±2.12) as compare to stable COPD patients (3.77±0.22). The difference in both groups was found statically significant. 5.00% hospital mortality in AECOPD patients. Mean neutrophil count was significantly higher in death as compare to survived patients. Mean NLR was significantly higher in death as compare to survived patients. NLR is readily available (Available at PHC) and simple parameter, could also be used as a cost-effective marker of inflammation in AECOPD. We have concluded that the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio on the day of presenting the illness was significantly higher in AECOPD as compare to stable COPD. Those patients who had a high NLR during admission were associated with poor survival.
A cross-sectional study on knowledge about transmission and prevention of HIV in patients of Tuberculosis attending a DOTS center of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Talukdar Tanmaya , Sharma Shweta , Kumar Vikas , Sinha Kanishk , Soin Anjali , Ish Pranav 
Published: October 2022

TB-HIV coinfection imposes a double-edged sword effect on the patient’s health. Awareness about HIV among the TB patients is very essential for prevention, early detection and appropriate therapy. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge about HIV prevention and transmission among TB patients.A cross sectional study was done among the patients of Tuberculosis who attended the DOTS center at a tertiary care hospital. Patients who were HIV-TB coinfected were excluded. A pretested questionnaire consisting of 13 questions regarding the HIV transmission, methods to avoid HIV, misconceptions and treatment was used. 53 patients were enrolled in the study. It was a predominantly young (mean age was 34.69 ± 14.18 years) and male dominated (64%) population.Out of 53 enrolled patients, 42 (79.2%) were familiar with HIV infection. Among these 42 patients, more than 80% patients were aware about multiple transmission routes of HIV infection. Homosexual and mother to child transmission were less known. Awareness about use of condoms was present in 85.7% patients. On the contrary, misconceptions about HIV transmission (coughing, sneezing, shaking hands, use same toilets) was prevalent in 40% patients. Very few patients (12%) were aware about the Indian national HIV program. There was no difference in the knowledge and awareness among males and females. Literate patients and patients living in urban area had heard of HIV more as compared to their counterparts (p&#60;0.05).Myths and misconceptions about HIV transmission are widely persistent among TB patients even in urban cities of India. There is still a long way to go regarding the spread of awareness about HIV among TB patients despite its paramount significance in prevention, early diagnosis, and early appropriate therapy for the same.