bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent Light Field Manipulation in Diffraction Orders of Metasurface Holography
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Xue , Zhao Ruizhe , Geng Guangzhou , Li Junjie , Huang Lingling , Wang Yongtian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetasurface holograms are novel optical elements with enormous potential because of the charming electromagnetic features, which can manipulate amplitude, phase, polarization state, and other parameters of light field via an elaborately designed subwavelength nanostructure array. Metagratings are extensively researched for controlling the feature of light in diffraction orders. However, a flexible and simple method is yearned for realizing independent wavefront manipulation in different orders. Here, a metasurface holography that can reconstruct various information in each diffraction order is demonstrated. The physical model is based on Jacobi–Anger expansion and iterative optimization, and both helicity‐dependent and birefringent metasurfaces can work compatibly with this proposed method to achieve arbitrary control of 1D and 2D orders. Specifically, information in 18 channels consisting of diffraction orders and polarization states is encoded in a single metasurface hologram. The approach provides promising and versatile optical elements for beam shaping, holographic display, optical storage, information encryption, etc.
Safe care transitions for patients receiving parenteral nutrition
Authors: Adams Stephen C. , Gura Kathleen M. , Seres David S. , Kovacevich Debbie , Maguire Angela , Herlitz Jean , Canada Todd W. , Nishikawa Reid , Boullata Joseph ,   and the ASPEN Parenteral Nutrition Safety Committee
Published: May 2022

AbstractTransitions of care require coordination between inpatient healthcare providers, care managers, outpatient/ambulatory providers, and the patient/caregiver and family members. Poor communication during transitions of care can affect health outcomes and economic costs for patients/caregivers, healthcare providers, and healthcare systems. The goal of this paper is to identify risk‐prone processes in the transition of care for patients requiring parenteral nutrition (PN) between healthcare environments, including the hospital, home, skilled nursing facility, and long‐term acute care hospital settings. To facilitate the evaluation of the transition, a sequential series of steps in the transition process were identified: initial notification, assessment in preparation for transfer, identifying the receiving organization, identifying accountable providers at each sending/receiving organization, communicating the nutrition care plan, implementing the plan and additional considerations regarding PN preparation and readmissions. Safety concerns with risk‐prone processes are identified and recommended best practices are proposed for improving processes at each step of the transition. Pediatric considerations are included in the evaluation of the various steps in the transition of care. This paper was approved by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Board of Directors.
Chemical upcycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste: Moving to a circular model
Authors: de Dios Caputto María Dolores , Navarro Rodrigo , Valentín Juan López , Marcos‐Fernández Ángel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe circular economy is a path that society, governments, and business must adopt to develop a viable and sustainable model for plastic production. Following the route guided by the United Nations and the new laws of the European Union, such as the Green Deal, it will be able to put an end to the great problem of this era, the inadequate treatment and management of plastic waste. On the plastics production ladder, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) ranks fifth alongside polyurethanes, but only an average of 17% of total PET waste is recycled. Moreover, according to the latest survey made by Zero Waste Europe, most of this recycling source is used in low features applications through a downcycling process. There are mainly two ways for PET recycling, it can be done mechanically or chemically. On the one hand, mechanical recycling is easy to employ but presents some limitations as the properties of the final product decrease from the second cycle, whereas chemical recycling offers versatile procedures although it requires huge amounts of investment money. To address these drawbacks, diverse chemical recycling methods, specially aminolysis and glycolysis, were proposed as the promising way to obtain high added‐value products. In this review, different updated state of the art works about recycling of PET were discussed, presenting the two forms for recycling PET waste, mechanical and chemical approach, and the reason of why is important to focus on the obtention of high‐added value products in an upcycling process.
Double‐ring sign in granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐induced vasculitis
Authors: Mizushima Reimi , Kikuchi Ryota , Takoi Hiroyuki , Shioiri Nao , Toriyama Kazutoshi , Abe Shinji 
Published: May 2022

Key messageIf a double‐ring sign is found in contrast‐enhanced computed tomography, this should raise concern not only for Takayasu arteritis, but also for granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐induced vasculitis.
Nitrogen and Sulfur Co‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Sensing Applications: A Review
Authors: Somaraj Gayathri , Mathew Sneha , Abraham Thomas , Ambady K. G. , Mohan Chitra , Mathew Beena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarbon quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged in the last decade, outperforming other members of the carbon family due to remarkable properties such as fluorescence, cytocompatibility, photostability, and other chemical properties, which have led to an increasing number of applications in bioimaging, sensing, photovoltaic, and medicine. Nature is a treasure trove of exciting precursors, which inspires constant persuasion of safe synthetic routes. Doped CQDs, in particular, exhibit excellent luminous characteristics and have been effectively used in various applications. Among the different doping methods used to tune the properties of CQDs, nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are the most commonly used elements with comparable atomic sizes, strong valence bonds, and similar electronegativity. As a result, the last lustrum has seen a significant increase in several synthetic approaches to NSCQDs. This is an attempt to review the journey of NSCQDs through green and chemical sources of synthesis and their sensing applications.
Janus‐Structural AIE Nanofiber with White Light Emission and Stimuli‐Response
Authors: Zhao Shikun , Sun Jiangman , Qin Zhen , Li Yufeng , Yu Hao , Wang Guan , Gu Xinggui , Pan Kai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhite‐light emitting elastomers (WLEEs) based on stimuli‐responsive aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and regulated Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) have aroused increasing attention due to the demands for wearable optoelectronic devices. Herein, the blue and orange AIEgens with different environmental sensitivities are synthesized and then encapsulated on both sides of nanofibers via side‐by‐side electrospinning aiming to achieve the Janus WLEEs. After regulating the blue‐orange AIEgens ratio, efficient and stable white light emission with a CIE coordinate of about (0.33, 0.31) is achieved at a blue‐orange AIEgens mass ratio of 3:1. Besides, the Janus nanofibers (Janus‐NFs) also present super stretchability with elongation at the break over 150% and tensile strength close to 7 MPa. The sensitivity of fluorescence for Janus‐NFs to its stretching deformation is used to visualize the evolution of the microstructure of nanofibers during stretching. Moreover, the Janus‐NFs are also sensitive to HCl and NH3, of which the fluorescence color would change under HCl and NH3 fuming above 2 and 57 ppm in air, respectively. The promising applications of the white light Janus‐NFs in smart fabrics, warning sensors, and anti‐counterfeiting packaging are demonstrated. This finding provides an efficient strategy for achieving wearable WLEEs with multiple functionalities, promoting the development of wearable devices.
Pulsed Microwave‐Induced Thermoacoustic Shockwave for Precise Glioblastoma Therapy with the Skin and Skull Intact
Authors: Li Wenjing , Zhang Shanxiang , Xing Da , Qin Huan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma has a dismal prognosis and is a critical and urgent health issue that requires aggressive research and determined clinical efforts. Due to its diffuse and infiltrative growth in the brain parenchyma, complete neurosurgical resection is rarely possible. Here, pulsed microwave‐induced thermoacoustic (MTA) therapy is proposed as a potential alternative modality to precisely and effectively eradicate in vivo orthotopic glioblastoma. A nanoparticle composed of polar amino acids and adenosine‐based agonists is constructed with high microwave absorbance and selective penetration of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) at the tumor site. This nanoparticle can activate the adenosine receptor on the BBB to allow self‐passage and tumor accumulation. The nanoparticle converts absorbed microwaves into ultrasonic shockwaves via the thermoacoustic cavitation effect. The ultrasonic shockwave can mechanically destroy tumor cells within a short range with minimal damage to adjacent normal brain tissue due to the rapid decay of the ultrasonic shockwave intensity. The deep tissue penetration characteristics of the microwave and the rapid decay of the ultrasonic shockwave make MTA therapy a promising glioblastoma cure including intact skin and skull.
Enabling Scalable Polymer Electrolyte with Synergetic Ion Conductive Channels via a Two Stage Rheology Tuning UV Polymerization Strategy
Authors: Qi Shengguang , Li Shulian , Zou Wenwu , Zhang Weifeng , Wang Xiujun , Du Li , Liu Shumei , Zhao Jianqing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLithium metal batteries with polyethylene oxide (PEO) electrolytes are considered as one of the ideal candidates for next generation power sources. However, the low ambient operation capability and conventional solvent‐based fabrication process of PEO limit their large‐scale application. In this work, a comb‐like quasi‐solid polymer electrolyte (QPE) reinforced with polyethylene glycol terephthalate nonwoven is fabricated. Combining the density functional theory calculation analysis and polymer structure design, optimized and synergized ion conductive channels are established by copolymerization of tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate and introduction of plasticizer tetramethyl urea. Additionally, a unique two‐stage solventless UV polymerization strategy is utilized for rheology tuning and electrolyte fabrication. Compared with the conventional one‐step UV process, this strategy is ideally suited for the roll‐to‐roll continuous coating fabrication process with environmental friendliness. The fabricated QPE exhibits high ionic conductivity of 0.40 mS cm−1 and Li+ transference number (t = 0.77) at room temperature. LiFePO4//Li batteries are assembled to evaluate battery performance, which deliver excellent discharge capacity (144.9 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C) and cycling stability (with the retention rate 94.5% at 0.5 C after 200 cycles) at room temperature. The results demonstrate that it has high potential for solid‐state lithium metal batteries.
Manganese Dioxide‐Based Nanocarrier Delivers Paclitaxel to Enhance Chemotherapy against Orthotopic Glioma through Hypoxia Relief
Authors: Jiang Shuqi , Li Xiaohu , Zhang Fang , Mao Jiaji , Cao Minghui , Zhang Xinna , Huang Siming , Duan Xiaohui , Shen Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChemotherapy plays an important role in treating cancers in clinic. Hypoxia‐mediated chemoresistance remains a major hurdle for effective tumor chemotherapy. Herein, a new class of tLyP‐1‐modified dopamine (DOPA)‐β‐cyclodextrin (CD)‐coated paclitaxel (PTX)‐ and manganese dioxide (MnO2)‐loaded nanoparticles (tLyP‐1‐CD‐DOPA‐MnO2@PTX) is developed to enhance glioma chemotherapy. The nanomedicine delivered to the tumor site decomposes in response to the weak acidity and high hydrogen peroxide in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in collapse of the system to release PTX and generates Mn2+ and O2. In a rat model of intracranial glioma, tLyP‐1‐CD‐DOPA‐MnO2@PTX can efficiently pass through the blood‐brain‐barrier to accumulate in tumor sites. The hypoxia in TME can be relieved via O2 generated by MnO2 and the reactive oxygen species produced by Mn2+ can kill tumor cells. The tLyP‐1‐CD‐DOPA‐MnO2@PTX nanoparticles exert a remarkable antitumor effect by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of tumor cells in addition to enabling real‐time tumor monitoring with magnetic resonance imaging. This MnO2‐based theranostic medicine will offer a novel strategy to simultaneously enhance chemotherapy and achieve real‐time imaging of therapeutic process in glioma treatment.
Accelerating O‐Redox Kinetics with Carbon Nanotubes for Stable Lithium‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Zhou Junhua , Chen Zhujie , Yu Guo , Ma Keni , Lian Xueyu , Li Shuo , Shi Qitao , Wang Jiaqi , Guo Lingli , Liu Yu , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Sun Jingyu , Yang Ruizhi , Choi Jin‐Ho , Rümmeli Mark H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLithium‐rich cathodes (LRCs) show great potential to improve the energy density of commercial lithium‐ion batteries owing to their cationic and anionic redox characteristics. Herein, a complete conductive network using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) additives to improve the poor kinetics of LRCs is fabricated. Ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy first demonstrates that the slope at a low potential and the following long platform can be assigned to the transition metal and oxygen redox, respectively. The combination of galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further reveal that a battery with CNTs exhibited accelerated kinetics, especially for the O‐redox process. Consequently, LRCs with CNTs exhibit a much better rate and cycling performance (≈89% capacity retention at 2 C for over 200 cycles) than the Super P case. Eventually, TEM results imply that the improved electrochemical performance of the CNTs case also benefits from its more stable bulk and surface structures. Such a facile conductive additive modification strategy also provides a universal approach for the enhancement of the electron diffusion properties of other electrode materials.
Prediction of compressive strength of mortar with copper slag addition by using artificial neural network
Authors: Yan Zhuhua , Sun Zhenping , Zhao Yihe , Ji Yanliang , Tian Juntao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCopper slag (CS), an industrial by‐product, can be used as supplementary cementitious materials in the mortar to achieve sustainable development of the copper and the cement industries. However, available evaluation and prediction models for CS cementitious material considering the comprehensive effect of multiple factors are very scarce. In this study, a reliable experimental database with 141 sets of data was developed via compressive strength tests and reviews of the literature at first. Subsequently, the gray correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between the influencing factors and the compressive strength of mortar with CS addition. The results demonstrated that the strength was most sensitive to the water to binder ratio and CS chemical composition, which could not be ignored to compare and evaluate the strength acquired from different works. Besides, for the same batch CS used in this study, the compressive strength at 3 d depended on the curing program; while it was more easily affected by the CS fineness after 28 d. Finally, a reliable prediction model for the compressive strength of the mortar with CS addition was implemented by the back‐propagation neural network. The established network with four neurons in the hidden layer had a high accuracy as well as a good generalization ability, which can be used as an effective tool for detecting trends of the compressive strength and designing CS‐added mortar with a user‐defined compressive strength.
Rotationally ordered ammonium cations in the crystal structure of (NH4)2OsBr6
Authors: Kohlmann Holger 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRotational disorder is a common phenomenon in ammonium salts. The localization of hydrogen atoms and thus the distinction between rotationally ordered and disordered ammonium atoms by laboratory based X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) is a challenge, especially for compounds containing heavy atoms. For ammonium hexabromido osmate(IV), (NH4)2OsBr6, the analysis of XRPD data reveals a slight preference for a structure model with fully ordered ammonium cations ((ND4)2PdCl6 type (filled K2PtCl6 type), Fm
m, a=1037.954(9) pm at 293(1) K, Br atoms on 24e with x(Br)=0.2385(1), H atoms on 32f with x(H)=0.191(2), Os atoms on 4a, N atoms on 8c). Interatomic distances (d(Os−Br): 6*247.6(1) pm, d(N−H): 4*106(2) pm, d(H−H): 3*173(3) pm) are consistent with those in comparable compounds, e. g. NH4Br and K2OsBr6. X‐ray diffraction (293 K≤T≤673 K) and thermal analysis (113 K≤T≤673 K) did not show any phase transition or any signs of disorder. The lattice parameters develop nearly linearly as described by the polynomial fit a=1024.38(16) pm+0.0410(7) T pm/K+8.8(7)×10−6 T2 pm/K2 for 313 K≤T≤653 K. (NH4)2OsBr6 shows beginning sublimation at 680 K. We therefore conclude that (NH4)2OsBr6 adopts the cubic (ND4)2PdCl6 type with fully ordered NH4+ cations from room temperature up to the temperature of its decomposition.
Elongation of the inferior rectus tendon with fascia lata graft for large vertical squint angles in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy
Authors: Prinz Julia , Hartmann Kathi , Migliorini Filippo , Hamesch Karim , Walter Peter , Fuest Matthias , Kuerten David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the use of fascia lata (FL) grafts for inferior rectus muscle (IRM) tendon elongation in patients with large vertical squint angles with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO).

Methods
In this retrospective study, we included a consecutive series of 20 eyes of 13 patients with GO who underwent IRM tendon elongation with FL. Orthoptic and ophthalmologic examinations including measurement of the head posture, the extent of deviation in primary position (PP), elevation, motility, and binocular diplopia at the tangent of Harms were conducted preoperatively and after a mean postoperative time of 10.8 (5.0–35.0) months in all patients.

Results
The mean total repositioning distance was 9.3 ± 3.6 (3.5–16.0) mm. Postoperatively, we found a significant increase in elevation (5.4 ± 2.4 vs. 2.7 ± 2.4 mm preoperatively, p = 0.011). A significant reduction in vertical squint angle (2.8 ± 3.7 vs. 20.2 ± 18.8 Δ preoperatively, p = 0.004), chin elevation (2.3 ± 3.7 vs. 12.9 ± 6.3° preoperatively, p < 0.001), extorsion in PP (0.1 ± 3.8 vs. 8.4 ± 7.8° preoperatively, p = 0.002), and in elevation (1.8 ± 4.8 vs. 11.1 ± 10.9° preoperatively, p = 0.004) occurred postoperatively. A mean dose–effect relation of 2.6 ± 2.9 Δ/mm was calculated. Postoperatively, the lower eyelid retraction was significantly increased (1.5 ± 1.4 vs. 0.4 ± 0.5 mm preoperatively, p = 0.005).

Conclusion
IRM tendon elongation with FL is a feasible and effective procedure without relevant risk for surgery-related complications.
Concurrent CNS tumors and multiple sclerosis: retrospective single-center cohort study and lessons for the clinical management
Authors: Yalachkov Yavor , Dabanli Dilara , Wenger Katharina Johanna , Forster Marie-Therese , Steinbach Joachim P. , Voss Martin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The concurrent presence of both central nervous system (CNS) tumors and multiple sclerosis (MS) poses various diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls and makes the clinical management of such patients challenging.

Methods
In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, we searched our clinical databases (2006–2019) for patients with concurrent CNS tumors and MS and described their disease courses. Age at diagnosis of the respective disease and probabilities for MS disease activity events (DAEs) with vs. without prior tumor-specific therapy were tested pairwise using t-test for dependent samples and exact binomial test.

Results
N = 16 patients with concurrent CNS tumors and MS were identified. MS diagnosis preceded the CNS oncological diagnosis by an average of 9 years (p = 0.004). More DAEs occurred in patients without prior chemotherapy (83.3%) than in patients with prior chemotherapy (16.7%; p = 0.008). This effect did not reach significance for patients with prior radiation therapy/radiosurgery (66.7% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.238). The average interval between DAEs and the last documented lymphopenia was 32.25 weeks.

Conclusions
This study describes the clinical and demographic features of patients with concurrent CNS tumors and MS and suggests several practical approaches to their clinical management. Our findings suggest that adding a disease-modifying MS therapy to the regimen of patients treated with chemotherapy is necessary only if the patient suffers from a highly active, aggressive course of MS. In view of the lack of prospective trials, individual risk assessments should remain the foundation of the decision on MS treatment in concurrent CNS tumor diseases.
A retrotransposon storm marks clinical phenoconversion to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Macciardi Fabio , Giulia Bacalini Maria , Miramontes Ricardo , Boattini Alessio , Taccioli Cristian , Modenini Giorgia , Malhas Rond , Anderlucci Laura , Gusev Yuriy , Gross Thomas J. , Padilla Robert M. , Fiandaca Massimo S. , Head Elizabeth , Guffanti Guia , Federoff Howard J. , Mapstone Mark 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent reports have suggested that the reactivation of otherwise transcriptionally silent transposable elements (TEs) might induce brain degeneration, either by dysregulating the expression of genes and pathways implicated in cognitive decline and dementia or through the induction of immune-mediated neuroinflammation resulting in the elimination of neural and glial cells. In the work we present here, we test the hypothesis that differentially expressed TEs in blood could be used as biomarkers of cognitive decline and development of AD. To this aim, we used a sample of aging subjects (age > 70) that developed late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) over a relatively short period of time (12–48 months), for which blood was available before and after their phenoconversion, and a group of cognitive stable subjects as controls. We applied our developed and validated customized pipeline that allows the identification, characterization, and quantification of the differentially expressed (DE) TEs before and after the onset of manifest LOAD, through analyses of RNA-Seq data. We compared the level of DE TEs within more than 600,000 TE-mapping RNA transcripts from 25 individuals, whose specimens we obtained before and after their phenotypic conversion (phenoconversion) to LOAD, and discovered that 1790 TE transcripts showed significant expression differences between these two timepoints (logFC ± 1.5, logCMP > 5.3, nominal p value < 0.01). These DE transcripts mapped both over- and under-expressed TE elements. Occurring before the clinical phenoconversion, this TE storm features significant increases in DE transcripts of LINEs, LTRs, and SVAs, while those for SINEs are significantly depleted. These dysregulations end with signs of manifest LOAD. This set of highly DE transcripts generates a TE transcriptional profile that accurately discriminates the before and after phenoconversion states of these subjects. Our findings suggest that a storm of DE TEs occurs before phenoconversion from normal cognition to manifest LOAD in risk individuals compared to controls, and may provide useful blood-based biomarkers for heralding such a clinical transition, also suggesting that TEs can indeed participate in the complex process of neurodegeneration.