bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doppelpack für genauere Wetterdaten
Authors: Asmus Jörg 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungAb 1977 brachten die Europäer ihre erste Generation von Meteosat‐Wettersatelliten (Meteosat First Generation, MFG) in eine geostationäre Bahn. MFG war ein zylinderförmiger Satellit, der durch Rotation um seine Längsachse lagestabilisiert wurde. Dabei scannte er mit seinem Beobachtungsinstrument im infraroten und sichtbaren Spektralbereich die Erde ab. Das gleiche Grundprinzip nutzt die ab 2004 in Betrieb gegangene zweite Generation, Meteosat Second Generation (MSG). Allerdings besitzt ihr Hauptinstrument zur Beobachtung wesentlich mehr Spektralkanäle und kann schneller Bilder liefern. Die dritte Generation, Meteosat Third Generation (MTG), besteht hingegen aus nicht rotierenden Doppelsatelliten, die durch Gyroskope lagestabilisiert werden. Dadurch können sie permanent ihre verbesserten Instrumente auf die Erde ausrichten, ihre Solarzellen zur Sonne. Die Doppelsatelliten beobachten auch mehr Phänomene als MFG, zum Beispiel Blitze. Sie sollen wesentlich genauere Wettervorhersagen und Warnungen vor Wetterereignissen ermöglichen. Im Dezember 2022 soll der erste MTG starten.
Produktives Klangchaos
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungBei Musik und Sprache denkt man automatisch an harmonische Klänge. Rauschen ist jedoch ebenfalls ein essentieller Bestandteil. Jedes Instrument hat ein charakteristisches Rauschverhalten im Klang. Noch wichtiger ist Rauschen beim Sprechen, ohne es könnte man keine Konsonanten bilden. Es gibt verschiedene Arten von Rauschen, in der Akustik dominiert weißes, rosa und braunes Rauschen. Rauschen wird aber auch medizinisch genutzt, zum Beispiel zur Tinnitus‐Behandlung.
Auf dem Weg zum Replikator
Authors: Regehly Martin , Hecht Stefan 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungKonventionelle 3D‐Druckverfahren erzeugen Objekte Schicht für Schicht. Sie sind weit entwickelt, benötigen jedoch lange Druckzeiten. Die Xolographie ist eine neue volumetrische Technologie, die unter Nutzung von photoschaltbaren Molekülen und einem Lichtschnitt‐basierten Schreibprozess das Ausgangsmaterial im freien Volumen prozessiert. Angewendet auf den 3D‐Druck macht das hohe Auflösungen, isotrope Materialeigenschaften und hohe Geschwindigkeiten möglich. Mit dem Einsatz mehrerer Lichtwellenlängen bietet der Ansatz in Zukunft noch vielfältige Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten.
Pulmonary actinomycosis and polymicrobial empyema in a patient with ABPA and bronchocoele
Authors: Tu Jacky , MacDonald Martin , Mansfield Darren 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a 43‐year‐old woman, with a history of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and a chronic bronchocoele, who was admitted to hospital with an infection of the bronchocoele, progressing to a pulmonary abscess and polymicrobial empyema, following dental extraction and regular Lactobacillus probiotic ingestion. Interval chest imaging following this procedure demonstrated worsening right upper lobe opacities and a right‐sided pleural effusion. Bronchoscopies identified copious mucoid secretions and an infected bronchocoele with a right upper lobe airways impaction. Oral cavity organisms including Actinomyces odontolyticus were cultured on bronchial washings. Streptococcus mitis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were cultured in pleural fluid. Treatment with endoscopic mucoid secretion suctioning; intercostal catheter insertion and therapeutic drainage; and antibiotic, glucocorticoid and anti‐IgE therapy resulted in clinical and radiological improvement. Our case illustrates the potential pulmonary complications from oral cavity organisms following tooth extraction and probiotic use in patients with chronic lung disease associated with mucoid lesions and airways obstruction.
A novel sliding mode fault‐tolerant control strategy for variable‐mass quadrotor
Authors: Zhao Jing , Ding Xiaoqian , Jiang Bin , Jiang Guoping , Xie Fei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate a fault‐tolerant control (FTC) for a class of quadrotors with variable mass and actuator faults. Firstly, a mathematical model of quadrotors considered variable‐mass factor is established based on Euler Newton's formula. Secondly, an adaptive estimation algorithm based on a fault observer is designed to achieve the estimations of variable mass and actuator fault, respectively. With the aim of obtaining satisfactory trajectory tracking performance, utilizing the variable mass estimation, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is designed to track desired position. Meanwhile, utilizing the information of actuator fault estimation, an integral sliding mode controller is designed to track desired attitude. Finally, by comparison with the existing sliding mode control (SMC) and other FTC algorithm, the results show that the proposed FTC method has better tracking performance in the case of variable mass, fault and disturbance.
Evaluation of hydropower projects in Balkan Rivers based on direct sediment transport measurements; challenges, limits and possible data interpretation – Case study Vjosa River/Albania
Authors: Pessenlehner Sebastian , Liedermann Marcel , Holzapfel Patrick , Skrame Klodian , Habersack Helmut , Hauer Christoph 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Vjosa River in Albania represents one of Europe's last free‐flowing wild rivers, comprising a mosaic of various habitats and forming a highly dynamic natural ecosystem for flora and fauna, that has largely disappeared from other European rivers outside of Russia. However, due to economic interests, this sensitive and heterogeneous river system is under pressure from potential future use in hydropower, threatening the good hydromorphological and ecological status of the river with reservoir flushing, hydropeaking, colmation, loss of habitats and loss of connectivity. Beside the ecological impacts, this study aims to point out the boundaries for technical and economic issues related to hydropower. Hence, for the first time, sediment transport in the Vjosa River was measured. The results indicate possible consequences of a disturbed sediment regime and loss of capacity caused by the sedimentation of reservoirs. Moreover, subsequent consequences, such as river bed incision downstream of dams as well as progressive coastal erosion, are discussed. By combining data from direct bedload and suspended sediment measurements with long‐term hydrological data, an attempt is made to describe the sediment characteristics of the Vjosa catchment and evaluate potential hydropower plants and resulting reservoir sedimentation using limited data. Based on the presented study, it is aimed to define sediment monitoring standards for requested environmental impact assessments and to highlight possible negative impacts of hydropower projects across the entire Balkan region.
Broadening a nature of science conceptualization: Using school biology textbooks to differentiate the family resemblance approach
Authors: Reinisch Bianca , Fricke Kristina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious research about the presence of nature of science (NOS) within science textbooks has been found to be lacking in sufficient coverage. However, given the shift in how scholars conceive of NOS, the shortcomings may not be present in the textbooks but rather in the NOS frameworks used to analyze textbooks. Whereas traditional NOS has taken a more generalized approach to describing scientific practices, the family resemblance approach (FRA) to NOS recognizes variability in the scientific disciplines as reported by practicing scientists as well as philosophers and historians of science. Instead of suggesting that NOS can be applied equally in educational settings to all scientific disciplines, the FRA accounts for cognitive‐epistemic and social‐instructional conceptual elements which more authentically represent science. This study sought to evaluate textbooks using this more recent NOS conceptualization to explore the potential range of NOS aspects. Using the proposed FRA categories, seven German biology textbooks were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The combination of cognitive‐epistemic and social‐institutional systems of science revealed that the FRA was a suitable mechanism for analyzing textbooks' coverage of NOS. Notably, FRA's distinct attention to modeling (absent from the discipline‐general NOS approach) revealed its presence in textbooks that would have gone unnoticed. Another finding was that the textbooks tended to emphasize the cognitive‐epistemic systems over the social‐institutional. Finally, this study found that even with a broader set of categories and subcategories to the FRA, the application to analyze was reliable.
Corporate governance code and voluntary disclosure of integrated reporting: Evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Hamad Salaheldin , Lai Fong‐Woon , Shad Muhammad Kashif , Konečná Zdeňka , Goni Feybi Ariani , Chofreh Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh , Klemeš Jiří Jaromír 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntegrated reporting (IR) is the most recent business reporting paradigm that seeks to improve information quality and create sustainable value. This study investigates the impact of the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG) 2017 on the voluntary IR disclosure quality. Data is collected from the top 100 Malaysian public listed companies from 2016 to 2020. The study used content analysis and a developed IR disclosure index on panel data of companies that fully adopt IR. The results show ongoing growth in IR adoption among Malaysian companies; most of them are aware of its benefits. The study provides empirical evidence on the positive influence of MCCG 2017 on the IR disclosure quality using the random effects generalised least squares regression model. The trend analysis confirms that Malaysian companies enhanced their IR disclosure quality, especially after 2017. The results also show that the research sample has reported 70% for each IR content element in 2020. In this regard, the highest reported element is ‘risks and opportunities’. Thus, several companies have established enterprise risk management frameworks and risk committees. This study contributes to the literature by providing an intensive investigation of the IR practices in Malaysia's earliest adoption stages preceding and following the MCCG 2017.
Identifying well‐being profiles and resilience characteristics in ex‐members of fundamentalist Christian faith communities
Authors: Thoma Myriam V. , Rohner Shauna L. , Heim Eva , Hermann Rahel M. , Roos Melanie , Evangelista Keegan W. M. , Nater Urs M. , Höltge Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is a lack of empirical research on the heterogeneity in well‐being of individuals who disaffiliated (i.e., left or were expelled) from an exclusionary and demanding faith community. Thus, little quantitative knowledge exists on factors related to resilience in these individuals. Therefore, the study aims were twofold: (1) to identify profiles of well‐being in ex‐members; and (2) to examine the characteristics of the identified profiles. A cross‐sectional online survey assessed ex‐members of various fundamentalist Christian faith communities. Latent profile analysis identified latent heterogeneity within the sample. Well‐being profile indicators included perceived stress, psychopathological symptoms, affect, and satisfaction with life. Profile‐related characteristics included socio‐demographics (i.e., gender, age), membership (i.e., reason for joining, duration, extent of involvement, reasons for exit, social support during exit, and time since the exit), and resilience‐supporting resources (i.e., social support, self‐esteem, sense of coherence, personality, socio‐economic status). In the final sample (N = 622, Mage = 41.34 years; 65.60% female), four distinct profiles were identified: resilient (25.70%), normative (36.40%), vulnerable (27.20%), and adverse (10.70%). The resilient profile was characterised by higher age, lower reporting of abuse or maltreatment as exit reason, and highest levels of resilience‐supporting resources. Ex‐members of fundamentalist Christian faith communities differ substantially in their well‐being. Membership aspects were only weakly related to current well‐being, with the exception of the exit reason of abuse or maltreatment. This study provided novel quantitative insights into the well‐being profiles of individuals who disaffiliated from a fundamentalist Christian faith community in German‐speaking countries.
Micromotor‐in‐Sponge Platform for Multicycle Large‐Volume Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Vilela Diana , Guix Maria , Parmar Jemish , Blanco‐Blanes Àngel , Sánchez Samuel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe presence of organic pollutants in the environment is a global threat to human health and ecosystems due to their bioaccumulation and long‐term persistence. Hereby a micromotor‐in‐sponge concept is presented that aims not only at pollutant removal, but towards an efficient in situ degradation by exploiting the synergy between the sponge hydrophobic nature and the rapid pollutant degradation promoted by the cobalt‐ferrite (CFO) micromotors embedded at the sponge's core. Such a platform allows the use of extremely low fuel concentration (0.13% H2O2), as well as its reusability and easy recovery. Moreover, the authors demonstrate an efficient multicycle pollutant degradation and treatment of large volumes (1 L in 15 min) by using multiple sponges. Such a fast degradation process is due to the CFO bubble‐propulsion motion mechanism, which induces both an enhanced fluid mixing within the sponge and an outward flow that allows a rapid fluid exchange. Also, the magnetic control of the system is demonstrated, guiding the sponge position during the degradation process. The micromotor‐in‐sponge configuration can be extrapolated to other catalytic micromotors, establishing an alternative platform for an easier implementation and recovery of micromotors in real environmental applications.
Ultrasmall Gold Nanoclusters‐Enabled Fabrication of Ultrafine Gold Aerogels as Novel Self‐Supported Nanozymes
Authors: Xu Jie , Sun Fangying , Li Qiang , Yuan Hongxing , Ma Fangyuan , Wen Dan , Shang Li 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetal aerogels represent an emerging type of functional porous materials with promising applications in diverse fields, but the fabrication of metal aerogels with specific structure and property still remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a new approach to fabricate metal aerogels by using ultrasmall metal nanoclusters (NCs) as functional building blocks. By taking D‐penicillamine‐stabilized gold NCs (AuNCs) with a diameter of 1.4 nm as an example, Au aerogels with ultrafine ligament size (3.5 nm) and good enzyme‐mimic properties are synthesized. Detailed characterization shows that the obtained Au aerogels possess typical 3D self‐supported porous network structure with high gold purity and surface area. Time‐lapse spectroscopic and microscopic monitoring of the gelation process reveal that these ultrasmall AuNCs first grow into large nanoparticles before fusion into nanowire networks, during which both pH and the precursor concentration are identified to be the determining factor. Owing to their highly porous structure and abundant metal nodes, these self‐supported Au aerogels display excellent peroxidase‐like properties. This work provides a strategy for fabricating advanced metal aerogels by taking ultrasmall‐sized metal NCs as building blocks, which also opens new avenues for engineering the structure and properties of metal aerogels for further advancing their applications.
Scaling and Confinement in Ultrathin Chalcogenide Films as Exemplified by GeTe
Authors: Kerres Peter , Zhou Yiming , Vaishnav Hetal , Raghuwanshi Mohit , Wang Jiangjing , Häser Maria , Pohlmann Marc , Cheng Yudong , Schön Carl‐Friedrich , Jansen Thomas , Bellin Christophe , Bürgler Daniel E. , Jalil Abdur Rehman , Ringkamp Christoph , Kowalczyk Hugo , Schneider Claus M. , Shukla Abhay , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChalcogenides such as GeTe, PbTe, Sb2Te3, and Bi2Se3 are characterized by an unconventional combination of properties enabling a plethora of applications ranging from thermo‐electrics to phase change materials, topological insulators, and photonic switches. Chalcogenides possess pronounced optical absorption, relatively low effective masses, reasonably high electron mobilities, soft bonds, large bond polarizabilities, and low thermal conductivities. These remarkable characteristics are linked to an unconventional bonding mechanism characterized by a competition between electron delocalization and electron localization. Confinement, that is, the reduction of the sample dimension as realized in thin films should alter this competition and modify chemical bonds and the resulting properties. Here, pronounced changes of optical and vibrational properties are demonstrated for crystalline films of GeTe, while amorphous films of GeTe show no similar thickness dependence. For crystalline films, this thickness dependence persists up to remarkably large thicknesses above 15 nm. X‐ray diffraction and accompanying simulations employing density functional theory relate these changes to thickness dependent structural (Peierls) distortions, due to an increased electron localization between adjacent atoms upon reducing the film thickness. A thickness dependence and hence potential to modify film properties for all chalcogenide films with a similar bonding mechanism is expected.
Single‐Step Solid‐State Scalable Transformation of Ni‐Based Substrates to High‐Oxidation State Nickel Sulfide Nanoplate Arrays as Exceptional Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Bahuguna Gaurav , Cohen Adam , Harpak Nimrod , Filanovsky Boris , Patolsky Fernando 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHydrogen, undoubtedly the next‐generation fuel for supplying the world's energy demands, needs economically scalable bifunctional electrocatalysts for its sustainable production. Non‐noble transition metal‐based electrocatalysts are considered an economic solution for water splitting applications. A single‐step solid‐state approach for the economically scalable transformation of Ni‐based substrates into single‐crystalline nickel sulfide nanoplate arrays is developed. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements reveal the influence of the transformation temperature on the crystal growth direction, which in turn can manipulate the chemical state at the catalyst surface. Ni‐based sulfide formed at 450 °C exhibits an enhanced concentration of electrocatalytically‐active Ni3+ at their surface and a reduced electron density around sulfur atoms, optimal for efficient H2 production. The Ni‐based sulfide electrocatalysts display exceptional electrocatalytic performance for both oxygen and hydrogen evolution, with overpotentials of 170 and 90 mV respectively. Remarkably, the two‐electrode cell for overall electrolysis of alkaline water demonstrates an ultra‐low cell potential of 1.46 V at 10 mA cm−2 and 1.69 V at 100 mA cm−2. In addition to the exceptionally low water‐splitting cell voltage, this self‐standing electrocatalyst is of binderfree nature, with the electrode preparation being a low‐cost and single‐step process, easily scalable to industrial scales.
The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis differs by etiology, age and sex: A Swedish nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Bengtsson Bonnie , Widman Linnea , Wahlin Staffan , Stål Per , Björkström Niklas K. , Hagström Hannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrent risk estimates for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in individuals with cirrhosis vary between studies. The risk has mostly been evaluated for single etiologies separately.ObjectivesWe examined the risk of HCC in Swedish outpatients with a new diagnosis of cirrhosis, aiming to identify subgroups with a particularly high risk for incident HCC.MethodsAll patients with a first diagnosis of cirrhosis in the National Outpatient Register for whom the etiology of cirrhosis could be estimated were identified. Incident cases of HCC were ascertained until the end of 2016 using record linkage to national registers. The cumulative incidence of HCC across etiologies of cirrhosis, sex and age was calculated considering non‐HCC death as a competing risk.ResultsWe identified 15,215 individuals with cirrhosis. The incidence rate for HCC in cirrhosis was 23/1000 person‐years (95%CI = 22–24). Stratified on gender, it was 29/1000 person‐years (95%CI = 27–31) in men versus 14/1000 person‐years (95%CI = 13–16) in women. The cumulative incidence of HCC in cirrhosis was 8.3% (95%CI = 7.8–8.8) at 5 years and 12.2% (95%CI = 11.6–13.0) at 10 years. At 10 years, the lowest cumulative incidence was seen in women with alcohol‐related liver disease (4.3%) and the highest in men with viral hepatitis (26.6%). These figures also varied by age.ConclusionsThe risk of HCC differs extensively across subgroups of etiologies of cirrhosis, age and sex, suggesting that initiation of HCC surveillance could be individually tailored.
Congenital beta cell defects are not associated with markers of islet autoimmunity, even in the context of high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wyatt Rebecca C. , Hagopian William A. , Roep Bart O. , Patel Kashyap A. , Resnick Brittany , Dobbs Rebecca , Hudson Michelle ,   EXE-T1D Consortium, De Franco Elisa , Ellard Sian , Flanagan Sarah E. , Hattersley Andrew T. , Oram Richard A. , Johnson Matthew B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
A key unanswered question in type 1 diabetes is whether beta cells initiate their own destruction or are victims of an aberrant immune response (beta cell suicide or homicide?). To investigate this, we assessed islet autoantibodies in individuals with congenital beta cell defects causing neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM).

Methods
We measured autoantibodies to GAD (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) in 242 individuals with NDM (median age diagnosed 1.8 months [IQR 0.39–2.9 months]; median age collected 4.6 months [IQR 1.8–27.6 months]; median diabetes duration 2 months [IQR 0.6–23 months]), including 75 whose NDM resulted from severe beta cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. As a control cohort we also tested samples from 69 diabetes-free individuals (median age collected 9.9 months [IQR 9.0–48.6 months]) for autoantibodies.

Results
We found low prevalence of islet autoantibodies in individuals with monogenic NDM; 13/242 (5.4% [95% CI 2.9, 9.0%]) had detectable GADA, IA-2A and/or ZnT8A. This was similar to the proportion in the control participants who did not have diabetes (1/69 positive [1.4%, 95% CI 0.03, 7.8%], p=0.3). Importantly, monogenic individuals with beta cell ER stress had a similar rate of GADA/IA-2A/ZnT8A positivity to non-ER stress aetiologies (2.7% [95% CI 0.3, 9.3%] vs 6.6% [95% CI 3.3, 11.5%] p=0.4). We observed no association between islet autoimmunity and genetic risk, age at testing (including 30 individuals >10 years at testing) or diabetes duration (p>0.4 for all).

Conclusions/interpretation
Our data support the hypothesis that beta cell stress/dysfunction alone does not lead to the production of islet autoantibodies, even in the context of high-risk HLA types. This suggests that additional factors are required to trigger an autoimmune response towards beta cells.

Graphical abstract