bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the origin of multihole oxygen evolution in haematite photoanodes
Authors: Righi Giulia , Plescher Julius , Schmidt Franz-Philipp , Campen R. Kramer , Fabris Stefano , Knop-Gericke Axel , Schlögl Robert , Jones Travis E. , Teschner Detre , Piccinin Simone 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a crucial role in (photo)electrochemical devices that use renewable energy to produce synthetic fuels. Recent measurements on semiconducting oxides have found a power law dependence of the OER rate on surface hole density, suggesting a multihole mechanism. In this study, using transient photocurrent measurements, density functional theory simulations and microkinetic modelling, we have uncovered the origin of this behaviour in haematite. We show here that the OER rate has a third-order dependence on the surface hole density. We propose a mechanism wherein the reaction proceeds by accumulating oxidizing equivalents through a sequence of one-electron oxidations of surface hydroxy groups. The key O–O bond formation step occurs by the dissociative chemisorption of a hydroxide ion involving three oxyl sites. At variance with the case of metallic oxides, the activation energy of this step is weakly dependent on the surface hole coverage, leading to the observed power law.
Runup of landslide-generated tsunamis controlled by paleogeography and sea-level change
Authors: Sun Qiliang , Wang Qing , Shi Fengyan , Alves Tiago , Gao Shu , Xie Xinong , Wu Shiguo , Li Jiabiao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPre-Holocene landslides and tsunami deposits are commonly observed on continental margins and oceanic islands. However, scarce evidence has thus far linked pre-historic submarine landslides to particular tsunami events. This work focuses on an 839 km3 submarine landslide that occurred in the South China Sea at 0.54 Ma. Bathymetric restorations show that the paleoshoreline at 0.54 Ma was 180–580 km to the south of its present-day location. In such a setting, the tsunami triggered by the landslide at 0.54 Ma was able to generate larger waves with shorter arrive times when compared to an equivalent landslide-generated tsunami under present-day conditions. This observation proves that tsunamis generated by submarine landslides during sea-level lowstands caused catastrophic damage to the South China Sea coast in the past, and so will do in future sea-level lowstands. This study stresses the importance of restoring paleoshorelines for detailed analysis of historic landslide-generated tsunamis.
Two‐timescale design for RIS‐aided full‐duplex MIMO systems with transceiver hardware impairments
Authors: Dai Jianxin , Zhu Feng , Pan Cunhua , Wang Jiangzhou 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)‐aided full‐duplex multi‐user massive multiple‐input multiple‐output system with transceiver hardware impairments (THWIs). Different from the existing works, the two‐timescale design scheme is considered. The phase shift at the RIS is designed only based on the statistical channel state information. Firstly, the closed‐form expression of the uplink and downlink achievable rate is derived. Then, the power scaling laws are revealed. Finally, the impact of THWIs on the system performance is analysed and genetic algorithm to maximize the achievable rate is used.
Autoencoder‐based deep learning for massive multiple‐input multiple‐output uplink under high‐power amplifier non‐linearities
Authors: Cherif Maha , Arfaoui Ahlem , Bouallegue Ridha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the authors study the compensation of high‐power amplifier (HPA) non‐linear distortion in the multi‐user (MU) massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems and focus on uplink transmission, where the base station (BS) uses a large antenna array. First, the authors present a non‐linear distortion iterative cancellation (NDIC) algorithm‐based MMSE and approximate message passing (AMP) at the receiver level, in order to estimate and mitigate jointly a non‐linear distortion and the channel noise. Second, the authors propose a novel distortion cancellation technique based on deep learning. At this level, the authors first introduce a multilayer neural network, trained in the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm by eliminating HPA non‐linearities on the ‘Pre distortion’ transmitter and ‘Post distortion’ receiver side. Next, the authors developed a novel end‐to‐end (E2E) learning approach for the joint transmitter and non‐coherent receiver in the Rayleigh fading channel. The basic idea lies in the use of deep neural networks (DNNs), auto encoder (AE) for unknown channels, where DNNs are applied to perform several functions and modules existing in the transmission chain.The simulation results demonstrate the strong potential of the proposed approach E2E in terms of improving the link quality and symbol error rate (SER) compared to other compensation techniques presented in this work.
Asynchronously finite‐time fault detection for switched systems with unstable modes and intermittent measurements
Authors: Haoyu Cheng , Ruijia Song , Zeshi Liu , Sining Li , Yangwang Fang , Wushan Jia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a novel fault detection (FD) filter design approach for switched systems with unstable modes and intermittent measurement; the FD filter design approach considers asynchronous switching and ensures finite‐time stability (FTS). First, a model of switched systems with undesirable communication and unstable modes is established. The FD filter is developed using the observer technique, and the conditions of FTS and H∞ performance for the above systems are proposed and verified. The multiple discontinuous Lyapunov function (MDLF) method and the mode‐dependent average dwell time (DT) method are used to obtain the switching strategy, which includes fast and slow switching to address the stability of unstable and stable modes, respectively. Compared with conventional approaches, the proposed method can realize less conservative stability conditions and a more flexible design framework, providing an efficient approach for improving system performance. Finally, based on the determined FTS criteria and H∞ performance, the FD filter for switched systems is presented. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Innovative and automated method for vortex identification
Authors: Canivete Cuissa J. R. , Steiner O. 
Published: October 2022

Context.As a universally accepted definition of a vortex has not yet been established, the community lacks an unambiguous and rigorous method for identifying vortices in fluid flows. Such a method would be useful for conducting robust statistical studies on vortices in highly dynamical and turbulent systems such as the solar atmosphere.Aims.We aim to develop an innovative and robust automated methodology for the identification of vortices based on local and global characteristics of the flow, while avoiding the use of a threshold that could potentially prevent the detection of weak vortices in the process.Methods.We present a new method that combines the rigor of mathematical criteria with the global perspective of morphological techniques. The core of the method consists of an estimation of the center of rotation for every point of the flow that presents some degree of curvature in its neighborhood. For this purpose, we employed the Rortex criterion and combined it with morphological considerations of the velocity field. We then identified coherent vortical structures based on clusters of estimated centers of rotation.Results.We demonstrate that the Rortex is a more reliable criterion than the swirling strength and the vorticity for the extraction of physical information from vortical flows, because it measures the rigid-body rotational part of the flow alone and is not biased by the presence of pure or intrinsic shears. We show that the method performs well in the context of a simplistic test case composed of two Lamb-Oseen vortices. We combined the proposed method with a state-of-the-art clustering algorithm to build an automated vortex identification algorithm. The algorithm was applied to an artificial flow composed of multiple Lamb–Oseen vortices, with a random noisy background, and to the turbulent flow of a simulated magneto-hydrodynamical Orszag-Tang vortex test. The results demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the method.Conclusions.The present automated vortex identification method can be considered a new tool for the detection and study of vortices in dynamical and turbulent (magneto)hydrodynamical flows. By applying the implemented algorithm to numerical simulations and observational data, as well as comparing it to existing detection methods, we seek to successively improve the reliability of the detections and, ultimately, our knowledge on swirling motions in the solar, stellar, and planetary atmospheres.
Deep Brain Stimulation during Pregnancy and Delivery: Review of Current Literature
Authors: Baláž Marek , Búřil Jiří , Kunst Jonáš , Hrabovský Dušan , Hajda Šimon , Chrastina Jan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established method in the treatment of not only Parkinson's disease motor complications but also dystonia and tremor, and there are data supporting the efficacy of DBS in epilepsy and some psychiatric problems. The alleviation of the neurologic problems may enable females of childbearing age to consider pregnancy because of being able to take care of their child. The aim of the study is to provide a review of the data available on the effect of DBS on the course of pregnancy and delivery in patients suffering from diseases amenable for DBS treatment (Parkinson's disease, dystonia, obsessive compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome, epilepsy). Although data available in the literature on pregnancy and childbirth in patients with an implanted active DBS system are limited to small case series and case reports, the number of younger patients implanted with DBS systems will potentially require more attention beyond specialized DBS centers. In emergency deliveries, general obstetricians and neurosurgeons should be provided with a protocol to prevent injuries to the implanted system with potentially devastating consequences for the patient.
Outcomes of Functioning Free Gracilis Muscle Transplantation to Restore Elbow Flexion in Late Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Authors: Zelenski Nicole A. , Karzon Anthony L. , Chang Tommy Nai-Jen , Chuang David Chwei-Chin , Lu Johnny Chuieng-Yi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Restoring elbow function is challenging after late presenting brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI). Free functioning muscle transplantation (FFMT) using the gracilis muscle is a reliable procedure to restore elbow flexion in patients with impaired function after spontaneous recovery or failed surgical reconstruction.
Methods A retrospective review was performed on BPBI patients more than 2 years of age who received a FFMT between January 1993 and January 2018, with the aim of improving elbow flexion as the primary or secondary functional goal. Patients with preoperative elbow flexion Medical Research Council (MRC) grades less than 3 with more than or equal to 18 months of follow-up duration were included in the analysis. Patient demographic information and pre/postoperative clinical parameters including elbow flexion MRC scale, passive elbow range of motion, and complications were recorded. Surgical data including donor nerve choice, site of the FFMT tendon attachment, and necessity of concomitant procedures or reoperation were also analyzed.
Results Fifty-six FFMTs were performed for the primary (29 patients) or secondary (26 patients) objective of restoring elbow flexion. The mean age at the time of the procedure was 9.6 years (standard deviation [SD] = 6.29, R = 3-35). Mean follow-up was 7.9 years (SD = 5.2). Elbow flexion improved from a median MRC grade 2 to 4 after a FFMT (p < 0.05). Patients who had a FFMT to restore two functions had 86% lower elbow flexion MRC grades than those who had a FFMT to restore flexion only (p < 0.05). Patients less than 12 years old at the time of surgery had more complications, reoperations, and rates of a flexion contracture more than or equal to 30 degrees than those aged more than 12 years (p < 0.05).
Conclusion FFMT is a reliable option for upper extremity reanimation. Patients aged less than 12 years old at the time of FFMT had significantly more complications, reoperations, and rates of postoperative elbow flexion contracture more than or equal to 30 degrees, but equivalent elbow flexion MRC grades.
Level of Evidence III
Persistence of an active asymmetric rigid Brownian particle in two dimensions
Authors: Ghosh Anirban , Mandal Sudipta , Chakraborty Dipanjan 
Published: October 2022

We have studied the persistence probability p(t) of an active Brownian particle with shape asymmetry in two dimensions. The persistence probability is defined as the probability of a stochastic variable that has not changed its sign in a given fixed time interval. We have investigated two cases: (1) diffusion of a free active particle and (2) that of a harmonically trapped particle. In our earlier work, by Ghosh et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 152, 174901 (2020)], we had shown that p(t) can be used to determine the translational and rotational diffusion constant of an asymmetrically shaped particle. The method has the advantage that the measurement of the rotational motion of the anisotropic particle is not required. In this paper, we extend the study to an active anisotropic particle and show how the persistence probability of an anisotropic particle is modified in the presence of a propulsion velocity. Furthermore, we validate our analytical expression against the measured persistence probability from the numerical simulations of single particle Langevin dynamics and test whether the method proposed in our earlier work can help distinguish between active and passive anisotropic particles.
Synaptic plasticity investigation in permalloy based channel material for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Monalisha P , Li Shengyao , Jin Tianli , Kumar P S Anil , Piramanayagam S N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Artificial synaptic devices capable of synchronized storing and processing of information are the critical building blocks of neuromorphic computing systems for the low-power implementation of artificial intelligence. Compared to the diverse synaptic device structures, the emerging electrolyte-gated synaptic transistors are promising for mimicking biological synapses owing to their analogous working mode. Despite the remarkable progress in electrolyte-gated synaptic transistors, the study of metallic channel-based synaptic devices remains vastly unexplored. Here, we report a three-terminal electrolyte-gated artificial synapse based on metallic permalloy as the active layer. Gating controlled, non-volatile, rewritable, and distinct multilevel conductance states have been achieved for analog computing. Representative synaptic behaviors such as excitatory postsynaptic conductance, paired-pulse facilitation, spike amplitude-dependent plasticity, spike duration-dependent plasticity, and long-term potentiation/depression have been successfully simulated in the synaptic device. Furthermore, switching from short-term to long-term memory regimes has been demonstrated through repeated training. Benefitting from the short-term facilitation, the synaptic device can also act as a high-pass temporal filter for selective communication. This research highlights the great potential of metallic channel-based synaptic devices for future neuromorphic systems and augments the diversity of synaptic devices.
Two-dimensional antiferromagnetic nodal-line semimetal and quantum anomalous Hall state in the van der Waals heterostructure germanene/Mn2S2
Authors: Lv Qianqian , Fu Pei-Hao , Zhuang Quan , Yu Xiang-Long , Wu Jiansheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Materials with interactions between the topology and magnetism are triggering increasing interest. We constructed a two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructure germanene/Mn2S2, where the germanene is a quantum spin Hall insulator and Mn2S2 provides antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions. In this structure, a 2D AFM nodal-line semimetal (NLSM) phase is expected without the spin–orbit coupling (SOC), which is of a high density of states around the Fermi level. The band touching rings originate from the intersection between different spin components of p orbitals of germanene. This result provides a possible 2D realization of NLSMs, which are usually realized in three-dimensional systems. When the SOC is present, a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state emerges with the annihilation of the band-touching rings. The nontrivial topology is determined by calculating the Chern number and Wannier charge centers. This provides an alternative platform to realize QAH states. These results could also provide the possibility of further understanding the topological states in NLSM and electronic applications.
Research on laser spot location accuracy of low-power laser diode source applied to high precision laser measurement system
Authors: Nan Zhuojiang , Zhou Liping , Wan Song , Wang Yixuan , Tao Wei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The results of laser spot location have an important influence on the accuracy of a laser measurement system. Laser diode (LD) sources have been widely used in recent years because of its low cost and easy integration. Based on the low-power LD source, a conventional laser spot location system was built to study the factors that affect the accuracy of location. We analyzed the influencing factors on laser spot location from two aspects of LD driven and charge coupled device (CCD) imaging, and experiments were conducted to further obtain quantitative analysis results and laws on different influencing factors, including the LD temperature, LD injection current, the size of imaging laser spot and its intensity fluctuation. The drifting RMS and the dithering range R were adapted to evaluate the drift and dither of the laser spot respectively, and the influence laws of location error were discussed. Finally, laser triangulation displacement sensor was taken as an optimization design example when considering the influencing factors studied in this paper. As a result, the RMS accuracy of the design example was 3.6 μm and its repeatability was 2.17 μm. The experimental results provided guidance for the optimization design of laser spot location measurement system.
Direct measurement of ion and electron flux ratio at their respective sheath-edges and absence of the electron Bohm criterion effects
Authors: Jin Chenyao , Yip Chi-Shung , Zhang Wei , Jiang Di , Xu Guo-Sheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A recent theory suggests that electrons enter electron sheaths at an electron Bohm velocity given by (T
e/m
e)1/2 instead of the electron thermal velocity as conventionally assumed. To test this theory, the flux density ratio Γe,se/Γi,se of electrons and ions entering their respective sheaths was directly measured via an almost continuous A
i/A
e area ratio scanning. The measured value agrees with the predictions assuming electrons entering the electron sheaths at their thermal velocity. The predictions associated with the electron Bohm criterion have not been found. If the predictions of such theories are true, the electron or ion presheath density drops will be very different from conventionally expected values.
Development and evaluation of a high temperature and high salinity resistant rheological enhancer for water-based drilling fluids
Authors: Zhang Xianfa , Sun Jinsheng , Wang Zonglun , Liu Jingping , Lv Kaihe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A rheology enhancer MMA for water-based drilling fluids was developed using acrylamide (AM), sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SSS), maleic anhydride (MA) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA). MMA has hydrophobic side chains that can form hydrophobic association structures in the drilling fluid, thus giving the drilling fluid the properties of NaCl-promoted viscosity enhancement. When the drilling fluid with 2% MAA was hot-rolling at 200°C and 30% NaCl for 16h, its apparent viscosity and yield point were 29.0 mPa·s and 12.0 Pa, respectively. Meanwhile, its rheological enhancement and viscosity retention properties were better than those of common oilfield products such as CMC, PAC and Driscal D at the same addition.
Effects of solution aging on mechanical and microstructures properties of Al6092/SiCp/β-eucryptite composites
Authors: Zhang Shihao , Jiang Haiyun , Fu Zhixiang , Hou Qinglin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper studied Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4 particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites as the main object. Different solution aging treatment processes were selected to analyze the microstructure and mechanical properties of the specimens. The effects of solution aging on the microstructure, precipitation phases, and dislocations of the composites were revealed. The results showed that the solution aging treatment improved the stiffness and strength of Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4 composites. On the one hand, solution aging promoted the generation of high dislocation density zones and Mg2Si precipitation phases in the samples, which increased the stress required for plastic deformation of the composites. In addition, the high modulus property of micron-sized SiCp can spontaneously carry loads, and the introduction of β-LiAlSiO4 promotes the dispersion of the reinforcing phase. In conclusion, the solution aging treatment and the particle-reinforced phase can jointly improve the deformation resistance of Al6092.
The leading-edge vortex over a swift-like high-aspect-ratio wing with nonlinear swept-back geometry
Authors: Ben-Gida Hadar , Gurka Roi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The leading-edge vortex (LEV) is a common flow structure that forms over wings at high angles of attack. Over the years, LEVs were exploited for augmenting the lift of man-made slender delta wings aircraft. However, recent observations suggested that natural flyers with high-aspect-ratio (high-AR) wings, such as the common swift (Apus apus), can also generate LEVs while gliding. We hypothesize that the planform shape and nonlinear sweep (increasing towards the wingtip) enable the formation and control of such LEVs. In this paper, we investigate whether a stationary LEV can form over a nonlinear swept-back high-AR wing inspired by the swift’s wing shape and evaluate its characteristics and potential aerodynamic benefit. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were performed in a water flume on a high-AR swept-back wing inspired by the swift wing. Experiments were performed at four spanwise sections and a range of angles of attack for a chord-based Reynolds number of

20
000

. Stationary LEV structures were identified across the wingspan by utilizing the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method for angles of attack of 5∘–15∘. The size and circulation of the stationary LEV were found to grow towards the wingtip in a nonlinear manner due to shear layer feeding and spanwise transport of mass and vorticity within the LEV, thus confirming that nonlinear high-AR swept-back wings can generate stationary LEVs. Our results suggest that the common swift can generate stationary LEVs over its swept-back wings to glide slower and at a higher rate of descent, with the LEVs potentially supporting up to 60% of its weight.