bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severity of malnutrition among underweight children and family‐related factors: A cross‐sectional analysis of data from the 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS)
Authors: Alemayehu Gedif M. , Cherie Kebadu T. , Chernet Ayele G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsMalnutrition is one of the key factors in children's inappropriate physical and mental development. It is a significant issue that results in the deaths of 3.5 million children under the age of 5 every year worldwide. This study's primary goal was to pinpoint important family‐related causes of underweight child malnutrition in Ethiopia.MethodsThe data were gathered from the Central Statistical Agency's 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Data were examined using descriptive statistics and an ordinal logistic regression model after the sample was chosen using a stratified, two‐stage cluster sampling approach.ResultsOverall 6101 underweight children were involved in the study of which 5019 (82.27%) were severely underweight, 28 (0.46%) were moderately underweight and 1054 (17.28%) were mild. The result showed that, birth order (p < 0.001), partners education, (p < 0.001), partner occupation (p < 0.001) and type of place of residence (p < 0.001) were associated with child malnutrition and also child from poorest family (p = 0.01, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.745, CI: −0.534, −0.056), children from workless partner (p = 0.169 AOR:CI: 1.855, −0.262, 1.498), and female children (p < 0.001, AOR: 0.793, CI: −0.369, −0.093) were severely malnourished.Conclusionswealth index combined, sex, and region have statistically significant effect on Severity of malnutrition. Female children were highly malnourished. Children in Amhara, Afar, and Tigray region were highly affected by severe malnutrition relative to other regions. Hence, the government is recommended to impose action on child nutrition in the area as it is a public health issue.
Pilot study of minimally adherent silver dressings for acute surgical wounds
Authors: Berard Meredyth B. , Lau Frank H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsMinimally adherent silver dressings (SILVER MASD) are antimicrobial, nonirritating, provide a moist wound healing environment, and low cost. The purpose of this pilot, single‐center, non‐blinded randomized controlled trial was to quantify the outcomes of acute surgical wounds treated with MASD versus standard of care (SoC) dressings.MethodsThirty‐two patients with acute wounds were randomized 1:1 to be treated with MASD once weekly or SoC following surgical excision of skin and/or subcutaneous tissue between September 13, 2016 and November 28, 2017. The outcome variables included clinical infection, time to wound closure, and pain scores at dressing changes. Two independent, one‐sided sample t‐tests were performed to assess statistical significance.ResultsThere was no difference in wound healing between SILVER MASD and SoC. Dressing changes were less painful for wounds managed with MASD silver dressings.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that MASD are not less effective in wound healing compared to SoC while also providing the benefit of decreased pain at dressing changes. Therefore, minimally adherent silver dressings can and should be considered a viable option in the management of acute surgical wounds.
Factors influencing the use of postoperative bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in patients undergoing adult cardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ahmed Syed S. , Yousuf Muhammad S. , Samad Khalid , Ullah Hameed , Siddiqui Khalid M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBAckground and AimsRespiratory complications are one of the biggest challenges following cardiac surgery, which can lead to hypoxia and acute respiratory failure (ARF). The aim of this study to identify the factors led to BiPAP application for postoperative respiratory complications and its effectiveness as the main outcome measures after cardiac surgery.MethodsIt was a retrospective cohort study with consecutive sampling technique. A total of 335 postcardiac surgery patients medical record was reviewed who were underwent for surgery from November 1, 2018 to November 30, 2019. 265 patients were finalized for the recruitment, five patients were excluded before the final analysis. Data of 260 patients were analyzed for compiling of results.ResultsThe mean age was 59 years. 196 (75.4%) patients were males and females were 64 (24.6%). Mean weight was 72 kg and mean body mass index (BMI) 26.67 kg/m2.BiPAP application was in 38 (14.6%) patients and significantly high in with high BMI, (p < 0.05). There are significant associations of BiPAP application patients with COPD (p < 0.05). Patients with positive fluid balance, cardiac dysfunction, and required inotropic support were significantly associated with BiPAP need (p < 0.05), respectively.ConclusionBiPAP is effective to treat ARF and other respiratory complications after adult cardiac surgeries. High BMI, atelectasis, and pneumonia are also the independent factors causing ARF. BiPAP can be a successful tool for preventing the adverse effects of postoperative pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery.
Immunogenicity of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines in hemodialysis patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Falahi Shahab , Sayyadi Hojjat , Kenarkoohi Azra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsVaccine response is a concern in hemodialysis patients. Given that hemodialysis patients were not included in clinical trials, we aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mRNA vaccines in hemodialysis patients.MethodsWe searched Scopus, PubMed, Sciencedirect, and finally google scholar databases for studies on COVID‐19 mRNA‐vaccines immunogenicity in hemodialysis patients up to December 1, 2021. Eligible articles measured antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike or Receptor‐Binding Domain Antibody (S/RBD) postimmunization with COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated using seroconversion rates measured between 21 and 30 days after the first immunization and between 14 and 36 days post the second dose. We included studies including participants without a history of COVID‐19 before vaccination. Healthy controls or health‐care workers served as the control groups. After selecting eligible articles, the data were finally extracted from included articles. We used a random effects model to estimate the pooled seroconversion rate after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine administration. We assessed the heterogeneity between studies with the I2 statistical index.ResultWe selected 39 eligible citations comprising 806 cases and 336 controls for the first dose and 6314 cases and 927 controls for the second dose for statistical analysis. After the first dose of mRNA vaccines, the seroconversion rate was 36% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–0.47) and 68% (95% CI: 0.45–0.91) in hemodialysis patients and the control group, respectively. While seroconversion rate after the second dose of mRNA vaccines was 86% (95% CI: 0.81–0.91) and 100% (95% CI: 1.00–1.00) in hemodialysis patients and the control group, respectively.ConclusionAlthough the immune response of hemodialysis patients to the second dose of the SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine is very promising, the seroconversion rate of dialysis patients is lower than healthy controls. Periodically assessment of antibody levels of hemodialysis patients at short intervals is recommended.
A statistical approach for identifying factors governing streamflow recession behaviour
Authors: Li Hongyi , Ameli Ali 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCatchment storage‐release relation has been widely studied using the parameters of streamflow recession analysis. The governing factors of the recession parameters are poorly understood, particularly in snow‐dominated regions. Here, we tailor a newly developed statistical approach, marginal contribution feature importance, to a hydrologic context, and couple it with random forests, in order to investigate the governing physical and climatic factors of catchment recession behaviour. The coupled approach can incorporate the interactions among catchment climatic and physical attributes. In a large sample hydrology study, we identify and compare the governing factors of recession parameters, in rainfall versus snowmelt‐dominated catchments, and in medium‐size versus large catchments, across more than 1000 catchments in United States and Canada. Results show that streamflow recession behaviour, particularly recession nonlinearity, strongly depend on belowground attributes and slope in rain‐dominated medium size catchments, and strongly depend on slope and annual maximum snow water equivalent in snow‐dominated medium size catchments. As catchment scale increases (>1000 km2), the attributes related to the magnitude and timing of input water (e.g., water surplus, aridity index, maximum snow water equivalent) dictates the streamflow recession behaviour and the importance of belowground attributes is dropped. Furthermore, recession nonlinearity generally increases with an increase in catchment size. The findings of this study help improve our understanding of the governing factors and the interpretation of the spatial variability of recession behaviours. Such understanding could inform the development of a generalizable process‐based framework for estimating the sensitivity of catchment storage‐release relation to climate change in different environmental settings.
Microplastics and hydrocarbons in soils: Quantification as an anthropic carbon source
Authors: Aquino Victor N. , Plaul Florencia E. , Sanchez Anabel D. , Villagra Sebastian , Cappelletti Natalia E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The literature on the presence of microplastics (MPs) and their potential impact on terrestrial ecosystems is still scarce. Interestingly, soil MPs are detected as organic carbon (SOC) using traditional quantification methods (e.g., loss on ignition [LOI]), although its dynamics in the environment will be different. The objective of this study was to quantify the carbon (C) contribution of MPs to the SOC in superficial soil samples from a coastal urban wetland (Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Argentina) with the features of a humid subtropical forest and compare with hydrocarbon contribution. Soil samples were split for analysis of moisture content; texture (sieve and pipet method); organic matter as a LOI (8 h at 450 °C); total hydrocarbons (THCs; gravimetry of solvent extractable matter); n-alkanes (solvent extraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection analysis); and extraction of MPs (floatation in NaClaq, filtration, H2O2 digestion, and visual sorting under a stereomicroscope). The superficial soil was a sandy clay loam with a large organic matter content (19%–30%). The THC averaged 2.5 ± 1.9 g kg and the marked predominance of odd-numbered carbon n-alkanes maximizing at C29 and C31 show the contribution of the terrestrial plant waxes. The average number of MPs was 587 ± 277 items kg of dry soil, predominantly fibers. Taking account of the C content, THCs and MPs add to the soil 1.23 ± 1.10 ton C ha and 0.10–0.97 ton C ha, respectively. Therefore, in this system with humid forest characteristics, the MPs represent between 0.12% and 1.25% of soil estimated carbon, in a magnitude similar to the C contribution of THCs (0.6%–4.2%). This preliminary study shows the relevance of discriminating MPs from other carbon sources and presents a description of their impact on soils to advance future research or tools for decision-makers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:698–705. © 2022 SETAC
The prevalence of hyperuricemia and its correlates in Zhuang nationality, Nanning, Guangxi Province
Authors: Yuanyuan Qin , Yunhua Huang , Qingyun Chen , Min Gan , Lujie Zhai , Peng Wang , Lin Faquan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyperuricemia has an increasing incidence in various regions year by year, in this study, we evaluated the prevalence of hyperuricemia in a routine physical examination in Nanning, Guangxi Province, and analyzed the influencing factors of hyperuricemia, aiming to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia and related diseases.MethodsData were collected from 1957 patients who underwent physical examinations at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in China since 2017. Questionnaires were structured, including subjects’ demographics, lifestyle, personal history, chronic disease history, medication history, etc. UA (uricase method), TC (cholesterol oxidase method), TG (glycerol phosphate oxidase method), HDL‐C (direct method), LDL‐C (direct method), BUN (rate method), creatinine (sarine oxidase method), and GLU (oxidase‐peroxidase method) were detected. Independent risk factors for hyperuricemia were determined by bivariate non‐conditional logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 16.6% (19.5% in males and 14.9% in females). Gender, waist circumference, BMI, the proportion of drinking, hypertension, high education, serum concentrations of TC, TG, LDL‐C, BUN, and creatinine were significantly higher and the serum concentration of HDL‐C was significantly lower in patients with and without hyperuricemia (all p < 0.05). Waist circumference, BMI, BUN, and creatinine were independent risk factors for hyperuricemia.ConclusionThe prevalence of hyperuricemia is very high in Guangxi. Public health lectures should be conducted to encourage people to establish a healthy lifestyle and strengthen early intervention for hyperuricemia to reduce the risk of cardio‐cerebrovascular and other related diseases.
Prognostic prediction of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Construction of cuproptosis‐related long non‐codingRNAsignature
Authors: Huang Qi , You Quanjie , Zhu Ning , Wu Zhenhua , Xiang Zhenfei , Wu Kaiyuan , Ren Jianjun , Gui Yihua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecently, a new type of programmed cell death, cuproptosis, has been identified to play important role in the progression of tumors. We constructed a cuproptosis‐related long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) signature to predict the prognostic significance for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsThe risk model was developed based on differentially expressed lncRNAs associated with cuproptosis. Principal component analysis was used to assess the validity. The Kaplan–Meier curves were analyzed to compare the overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and progression‐free survival (PFS) values. The multivariate and univariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic efficiency. Furthermore, the functional enrichment, immune cell infiltration, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and sensitivity toward chemotherapy were also explored.ResultsSix cuproptosis‐related lncRNAs (AL109936.2, CDKN2A‐DT, AC090587.1, KLF3‐AS1, AL133395.1, and LINC01063) were identified to construct the independent prognostic predictor for HNSCC. The area under the curve and C‐index values obtained using the risk model were higher than the values corresponding to the clinical factors. Analysis of Kaplan–Meier curves indicated that the OS, PFS, and DSS time recorded for the patients in the low‐risk group were higher than the corresponding values recorded for the patients belonging to the high‐risk group. By functional enrichment analysis, we observed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in the immune response and tumor‐associated pathways. The patients characterized by a low‐risk score exhibited better immune cell infiltration than the patients belonging to the other group. We also observed that the sensitivity of the individuals belonging to the low‐risk group to chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, docetaxel, and paclitaxel) was higher than the sensitivity of those in the other group.ConclusionsA cuproptosis‐related lncRNA‐based signature that functioned as an independent prognosis predictor for HNSCC patients was constructed. The chemosensitivity of individual patients can be potentially predicted using this signature.
Making a tournament k $k$‐strong
Authors: Bang‐Jensen Jørgen , Johansen Kasper S. , Yeo Anders 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA digraph is ‐strong if it has vertices and every induced subdigraph on at least vertices is strongly connected. A tournament is a digraph with no pair of nonadjacent vertices. We prove that every tournament on vertices can be made ‐strong by adding no more than arcs. This solves a conjecture from 1994. A digraph is semicomplete if there is at least one arc between any pair of distinct vertices . Since every semicomplete digraph contains a spanning tournament, the result above also holds for semicomplete digraphs. Our result also implies that for every , every semicomplete digraph on at least vertices can be made ‐strong by reversing no more than arcs.
Prevalence of misdiagnosis of cellulitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cutler Todd S. , Jannat‐Khah Deanna P. , Kam Brian , Mages Keith C. , Evans Arthur T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is no gold standard test to accurately identify patients with cellulitis and therefore misdiagnosis is common. Using the clinical impression of a dermatology or an infectious disease specialist as a reference standard, we sought to determine the prevalence of misdiagnosis of cellulitis among nonspecialist physicians.MethodsA systemic search was performed using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases for studies reporting diagnostic accuracy of cellulitis. Inclusion criteria required dermatology or infectious disease consultation for all patients diagnosed with cellulitis by generalist physicians. We used random effects modeling to estimate the prevalence of misdiagnosis using consultant diagnosis as a reference standard.ResultsEight studies contributed to the analysis. For the seven studies involving inpatients, the results were sufficiently homogeneous to justify pooling data. Of 858 inpatients initially diagnosed with cellulitis, 335 (39%, 95% confidence interval: 31–47) received an alternative diagnosis from the specialist. Heterogeneity was large (I2 = 74%) and the greatest contributor to between‐study variance was the year of publication. Alternative diagnoses were mostly noninfectious (68%, 221/327), with stasis dermatitis (18%, 60/327) being the most common. An abscess was the most common alternative infectious diagnosis (10%, 32/327).DiscussionCellulitis is commonly misdiagnosed among inpatients, leading to unnecessary hospital admissions and antibiotic overuse. Most alternative diagnoses are noninfectious. Continuing medical education among general practitioners and urgent care providers will likely reduce cellulitis misdiagnoses.
Developing novel oenological tannins from 44 plants sources by assessing astringency and color in model wine
Authors: Cheng Chenyaqiong , Liu Pei , Zhao Pengtao , Du Guorong , Wang Shengnan , Liu Hui , Cao Xiaomeng , Zhao Qinghao , Wang Xiaoyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDOenological tannins are commercial natural products extracted from different botanical sources, which were widely reported as prominent contributors to wine quality. Research on wine quality affected by tannins extracts promoted the development of new oenological products with low cost and high accessibility. In the present study, the structure and concentration of tannin in polyphenol extracts, as well as their correlation with astringency and the color of model wine, was investigated by UV spectrophotometer, HPLC, fluorescence quenching, sodium dodecylsulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, colorimeter and sensory evaluation.RESULTSResource extracts from 16 of 44 plants were screened as wine oenological tannins, according to the total polyphenol and total flavanol, as well as the intensity of astringency and bitterness. Polyphenols extracted from grape seeds and green tea were more effective in increasing the wine astringency compared to other plant tannins.CONCLUSIONTotal flavanol content and tannin activity showed a strong correlation with wine astringency. Condensed tannins with mean degree of polymerization also exhibited strong color stability, and the concentrations of (−)‐epigallocatechin were associated with the a* value, a negative qualitative factor for wine color. The present study provides new clues regarding the development of low‐cost and highly accessible sources of polyphenol extracts and lays a theoretical foundation for the development of the oenological product. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Three‐dimensional flower‐like SnS2 materials for dispersive solid‐phase extraction of endocrine‐disrupting phenols
Authors: Xu Ruozhu , Tao Yuan , Yao Wang , Qin Honglin , Qiao Lizhen 
Published: October 2022

In this study, three‐dimensional flower‐like tin disulfide materials were prepared, and a highly efficient dispersive solid‐phase extraction method was developed using the obtained three‐dimensional tin disulfide adsorbents for the preconcentration and determination of six endocrine‐disrupting phenols in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection. Several important experimental parameters influencing extraction efficiency were investigated, including the amount of adsorbent, ultrasound time, sample solution pH, sample volume, type of elution solvent, desorption time, and the number of desorption times. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the developed method showed good linearity with the determination coefficients of 0.993–0.998 in the linear range of 0.5–400 ng/ml and low limits of detection in the range of 0.15–1.0 ng/ml, as well as satisfactory intra‐day and inter‐day precisions with relative standard deviations of 0.1–9.8%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the enrichment and determination of trace endocrine‐disrupting phenols in milk, tea beverage, and plastic bottled water samples, and acceptable recoveries were obtained from 70.1% to 119.1% under four different spiked concentration levels. The results showed that the three‐dimensional tin disulfide materials had great potential for the extraction of endocrine‐disrupting phenols contaminants in environmental and food samples.
Color Doppler Ultrasound's Utility in Detecting Vesicoureteral Reflux Using the Ureteral Jet Angle
Authors: Zadeh Neda Enayati , Sadeghi‐Bojd Simin , Ansari‐Moghaddam Alireza , Mashhadi Amin , Zadehmir Mohadeseh 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThis study hypothesizes using color Doppler ultrasound to measure ureteral jet angles (UJA) as a diagnostic screening tool for reflux.MethodsThe present prospective cohort study included 122 patients and 238 renal unit pediatric patients suspected of VUR who presented to our hospital between 2019 and 2021. All patients underwent ultrasonography and VCUG, and the UJA was measured color Doppler evaluation of the ureteral jet. The UJA was compared with the VCUG findings in patients with and without reflux. SPSS 26 was used to analyze the data.ResultsA total of 96 patients and 139 renal units exhibited reflux. The mean ureteral jet angle in refluxing units was 60.47 + 16.66 degrees, whereas, it was 42.59 + 13.26 degrees in non‐refluxing units, a significant difference between the two groups (P < .001). The mean ureteral jet angle was 42.59, 45.89, 60.32, 68.23, and 56.16, for reflux grading from 0 to 5 (except grade 1), respectively. The angle value in each reflux grade increased significantly except for grade 5. For reflux detection (grade I–V), a cut‐off angle of 50 degrees was associated with sensitivity and specificity of 70 and 79, respectively. Grade IV/V reflux can be diagnosed with a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 84% using a cut‐off angle of 68 degrees or greater.ConclusionsUJA detection via color Doppler ultrasound demonstrates high accuracy, is non‐invasive method can be utilized as an alternative primary diagnostic tool or in follow‐up cases of VUR in children.