bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lugol’s solution on 131 I therapy efficacy in Graves’ disease
Authors: Meng Zhaowei , Chai Jinyan , Zhang Ruiguo , Zheng Wei , Zhang Guizhi , Jia Qiang , Tan Jian , Wang Renfei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose Lugol’s solution could control thyroid function and suppress 131I uptake in hyperthyroidism. This study aimed to investigate the appropriate time to withdraw Lugol’s solution before 131I therapy (RIT) in Graves’ disease (GD) patients, and how this should influence thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb), 131I uptake and RIT outcome.Methods Two groups (125 cases and 1805 cases) of GD patients reveived RIT, who were pre-treated with and without Lugol’s solution (RI-CI group and RI group). The RI-CI group was further divided into the following sub-groups depending on the duration span between Lugol’s solution withdrawal and RIT: sub-roup A, 4-7 d (n = 49); sub-group B, 8-14 d (n = 41); and sub-group C, 15-30 d (n = 35). The highest radioactive iodine uptake rate (RAIUmax), effective half-life (Teff), TRAb, and free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were compared, and therapeutic outcome was evaluated. Results There were no significant differences in RAIUmax, TRAb, and Teff among the four sub-groups (P > 0.05). Both FT3 and FT4 levels in sub-groups A and B were lower than those in group RI and sub-group C (P < 0.05). The outcome of non-hyperthyroidism (euthyroidism + hypothyroidism) in groups RI-CI and RI were significantly different at post-RIT month 1 and 3 (P < 0.05). However, intergroup differences at 6 and 12 months were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions Withdrawal of Lugol’s solution 4-7 or 8-14 d before RIT does not influence 131I uptake and RIT efficacy in GD. Moreover, in order to avoid a rapid increase in thyroid hormone levels at the same time, Lugol’s solution should be withdrawn 4-7 d before RIT.
Rational Design on Polymorphous Phase Switching in Molybdenum Diselenide-based Memristor Assisted by All-Solid-State Reversible Intercalation Toward Neuromorphic Application
Authors: Lee Ling , Chiang Chun-Hsiu , Shen Ying-Chun , Wu Shu-Chi , Shih Yu-Chuan , Yang Tzu-Yi , Hsu Yu-Chieh , Cyu Ruei-Hong , Yu Yi-Jen , Hsieh Shang-Hsien , Chen Chia-Hao , Lebedev Mikhail , Chueh Yu-Lun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Synaptic devices based on non-volatile resistive random access memory (RRAM) have inspired increasing opportunities, including in-memory computing and neural engines, while typical filamentary-based RRAM is subjected to large switching current and causes huge power consumptions. In this work, a low-power memristor based on vertically stacked two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, achieved by plasma-assisted vapor reaction, as the switching material, with which the copper and gold metals as electrodes featured by reversible polymorphous phase changes from a conducting 1T-phase to a semiconducting 2H-one once copper cations interacted between vertical lamellar layers and vice versa was demonstrated. Here, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) was chosen as the switching material and the reversible polymorphous phase changes activated by the intercalation of Cu cations were confirmed by pseudo-operando Raman scattering, transmission electron microscopy and scanning photoelectron microscopy under high and low resistance states, respectively. The switching can be activated at about ± 1 V with critical currents less than 10 𝜇A with an on/off ratio of approaching 100 after 100 cycles and low power consumption of ~0.1 microwatt as well as linear weight updates controlled by the amount of intercalation. The work opens alternative feasibility of reversible and all-solid-state metal interactions, which benefits monolithic integrations of 2D materials into operative electronic circuits.
Lacrimal Gland Measurements in Patients With Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Yuksel Elmas , Sukun Abdullah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Lacrimal gland sizes are increased in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Lacrimal gland herniation has been reported to be a simple radiological marker. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of lacrimal gland herniation (LGH) with lacrimal gland dimensions, proptosis, and hormonal parameters. Methods: Sixty-eight eyes of 34 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy were evaluated. Lacrimal gland herniation, proptosis, the long and short axis of the lacrimal gland were measured in mm on the right and left sides. TSH, FT4, FT3, Anti-TPO and Anti-TG values of each patient were recorded. Multiple linear regression was applied to determine the factors affecting lacrimal gland herniation.Results: 21 female 13 male 34 patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was found to be 37.29±11.91 years The regression model for LGH was found to be statistically significant. (R2 right eye :0.57 R2 left eye 0.51 p<0.001). The predictive variables for LGH were short diameter of the lacrimal gland and proptosis. No statistical significance was found in other variables (p<0.05). The equation showing right LGH in millimeters was found as-5.268+ Lacrimal gland short-axis x 1.271 + Proptosis x 0.284. The equation showing left LGH in millimeters was found as-3.598+ lacrimal gland short-axis x 0.937 + Proptosis x 0.292.Conclusions: Lacrimal gland herniation is associated with lacrimal gland short diameter and proptosis. Our findings support that lacrimal gland herniation may be an important and useful radiological marker in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Self-medication practices, prevalence and associated factors among Syrian adult patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdelwahed Rawan N. K. , Jassem Manaf , Alyousbashi Ayham 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Self-medication (SM) means using drugs to treat self-diagnosed diseases or symptoms. Despite its important role in reducing load on medical services, it may bear many risks. This study aims to determine the prevalence of SM and its determinants among adult hospital patients in Syria.
STUDY DESIGN:
Cross-sectional study
METHODS
453 adult patients were asked to complete a questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Data were analysed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). Chi-Square test was used to detect correlation between variables.
RESULTS
Out of 453 respondents, 67.3% practiced self-medication. Most used drugs were analgesics, antipyretics, and antibiotics. Main indications for SM included headache, cough/flu, and body aches. Pharmacists were the main source of knowledge about the drugs used in SM. The leading reason for practicing SM was mildness of complaint. Approximately half of the participants declared they read leaflets of drugs they used in SM. In this study, SM was significantly correlated with monthly income exceeding 48 US dollars, ages younger than 40 years old, and living in the city.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of SM in Syria is high. Thus, awareness campaigns and serious regulatory measures should be implemented to control this phenomenon.
Intersectional Inequalities in Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices in India: Analysis of National Family Health Survey-4
Authors: Valappil Haseena , Rajeev Jayalakshmi , Sewor Christian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the initial six months of infancy plays a significant role in the physical and cognitive health development of the child. One in two children below six months of age in India is not receiving EBF, with the rates varying considerably between and within states. The inequality in EBF rates are rarely addressed by researchers in general, and there are no studies from an intersectionality perspective. In this context we investigated the effect of intersecting inequalities on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice amongst children below six months in India.
Methods
The fourth National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) was used for the study. The study used a weighed sample of 211145 infants below six months. The intersecting social categories are created from variables such as place of residence, religion, wealth index and mothers’ education. Inequalities in the practice of exclusive breastfeeding were examined using binary logistic regression analysis.
Results
Findings from the study revealed that EBF practices varied significantly between the intersecting categories of religion, place of residence, wealth index, and education of the mother. EBF practice prevalence was highest amongst children born in the Urban-Secondary-Poor-Others group (57.9%) and compared to children born in the most disadvantaged group (Urban-Primary-Poor-Others), children born within this group had the highest odds (OR = 1.298; 95% CI = 0.974–1.730) of being exclusively breastfed, albeit the odds ratio was not significant. Wide disparities were observed in the odds of engaging in EBF practice amongst the middle groups than between the most advantaged and the most disadvantaged groups.
Conclusions
The study found that intersecting inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding exist in India. In order to improve EBF practice, targeted interventions must acknowledge and adopt a comprehensive approach which addresses inherent inequalities resulting from the intersection of various axes of social stratification.
Psychosocial aspects of deliberate physical suicide attempts by children and adolescents
Authors: Kinciniene Odeta , Sambaras Rokas , Lesinskaite Auge , Zilinskaite Virginija , Lesinskiene Sigita 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Suicide is the second most common cause of death among young people in Lithuania. This study aimed to evaluate circumstance, and conditions possibly related to suicide attempt in adolescents. Methods: Study was performed at the tertiary Children’s Hospital. Medical documentation of the suicide attempts from January 2011 to April 2018 was analyzed. Results: There were 102 cases included in the study: 83.8% female and 16.2% male patients (average age of 15.02 ± 1.9); 40.6% of patients lived in divorced families, 17.7%-in orphanages, 4.2%-in foster care; 36.4% suffered from parental alcoholism, and 17.2% experienced suicide in close surroundings; 54.1% experienced bullying or violence (26.0%), and 85.4% showed signs of other types of self-harm (girls more often (p < 0.001)). In 52.8% of cases, the attempt was spontaneous, and 34% relapsed. Conclusions: Female gender, living in orphanages, and signs of other self-harm were significantly related to suicide attempt.
An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Ethiopia Using an Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model Approach
Authors: Befikadu Alemayehu Temesgen , Tafa Berhanu Alemu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Between 1980 and 2020, the study looks at "An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Ethiopia Using an Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model Approach." The appraisal coefficient of population growth (POP) is positive and significant, according to the findings of this study. However, in response to the long-term association between population expansion and economic growth in Ethiopia, the macroeconomic variables were subjected to a limit test and a broader causality test. From the finding of bound test, since the value of F-statics is greater than the upper boundary line then there are long run equilibrium relationships between RGDP, Population size, foreign direct investment, personal remittance, population growth rate, rate of inflation and gross capital formation. According to the findings of the Grander Causality Test, Real Gross Domestic Product can cause Ethiopian population size (POP), but population number (POP) cannot cause Real Gross Domestic Product at the same time. Finally, in order to boost Ethiopia's economic growth, the government should implement policies that would attract foreign investors. The government should also establish a benchmark to ensure that the economy increases faster than the population.
Solar disinfection at low costs: an experimental approach towards up-scaled continuous flow systems
Authors: Johansson Jonas , Aguirre Ramirez Néstor Jaime , Escobar Tovar Catalina , de Jesús Vélez Macías Fabio , Adamsson Marie , Cañon Barriga Julio Eduardo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
SOlar DISinfection (SODIS) systems have been studied with the aim of maintaining pathogen removal efficiencies and low costs. Such systems are useful for quickly improving the situation of more than 700 million people worldwide that lack access to an improved water source. Currently, SODIS is mainly used with PET-bottles that are exposed to UV-A radiation for 6 h in the sun. Up-scaled continuous flow SODIS systems could instead provide a continuous source of drinking water, whereas the use of plastic tubes, easily available on local markets, ensures a low construction cost of the systems. Such tubes (PVC) were tested and the best option showed a UV-A transparency ratio of ∼50%, to be compared with ∼60% for PET-bottles. By using static batches in samples of this tube, the residence time was investigated and the results show that E. coli concentrations of 0 CFU/ml are reached within less than 4 h of exposure to solar radiation, starting from an initial concentration of 106 CFU/ml. It can be concluded that cheap, easily available plastic tubes can be used for treating contaminated water with the SODIS technique, which is promising for future investigations towards constructing continuous flow SODIS systems at low costs.
Spatio-temporal analysis of precipitation, temperature and drought from 1985 to 2020 in Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Tan Mou Leong , Zhang Fei , Juinn Chan , Derek Chieh , Yu Kok Hwa , Shaharudin Shazlyn Milleana , Chan Ngai Weng , Asyirah Abdul Rahim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation, temperature and drought in Penang from 1985 to 2020. The trend and magnitude changes in climate series were tested using the Mann–Kendall test and Sens’ slope methods. A significant increasing trend of annual precipitation was detected in the middle and northern parts of Penang mainland by 21.38 and 35.01 mm/decade. Annual mean maximum temperature increased significantly on Penang Island and the middle of Penang mainland at the rates of 0.25 and 0.34 °C/decade, while annual mean minimum temperature increased significantly for all stations from 0.36 to 0.52 °C/decade, showing increases of warm nights in the past few years. Extreme drought events (SPI-3 &gt; −2) over Penang were mostly occurred during the strong El Niño years, e.g. 1988–1989, 1997–1998, 2010–2011 and 2014–2016. The number of drought events is higher during the 2001–2010 (4–11 events) period as compared to the 1991–2000 (6–9 events) and 2011–2020 (7–8 events). Interestingly, the 2011–2020 period tends to have a shorter drought duration, but more intense droughts have been observed, particularly on Penang Island and the northern and southern parts of Penang mainland.
Novel Post-translational Modifications in Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Kannan Surya , Krishnankutty Roopesh , Souchelnytskyi Serhiy 
Published: March 2022

Aim:
This study aims to identify novel post-translational modifications in human serum
albumin by mass spectrometry.

Background:
Serum albumin is the most abundant protein in plasma, has many physiological
functions, and is in contact with most of the cells and tissues of the human body. Post-translational
modifications (PTMs) may affect functions, stability, and localization of albumin.

Objective:
Identify novel PTMs in human serum albumin by mass spectrometry.

Methods:
Human serum albumin (HSA) was used for tryptic digestion in-solution or in-gel. Mass
spectrometry was applied to identify PTMs in HSA. 3-dimensional modeling was applied to explore
the potential impact of PTMs on known functions of albumin.

Results:
Here, we report the identification of 61 novel PTMs of human serum albumin.
Phosphorylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, deamidation, methylation, acetylation, palmitoylation,
geranylation, and farnesylation are some examples of the identified PTMs. Mass spectrometry was
used for the identification of PTMs in a purified HSA and HSA from the human plasma. Threedimensional
modeling of albumin with selected PTMs showed the location of these PTMs in the
regions involved in albumin interactions with drugs, metals, and fatty acids. The location of PTMs
in these regions may modify the binding capacity of albumin.

Conclusion:
This report adds 61 novel PTMs to the catalog of human albumin.
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disease Biomarkers in Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Hasparyk Ursula Gramiscelli , Vigil Flávia Maria Borges , Bartolomei Victória Soares , Nunes Vitor Moreira , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Kidney transplant patients frequently suffer from Chronic Kidney
Disease associated with Mineral Bone Disease (CKD-MBD), a complex condition
that affects mainly kidney transplant patients. Post-transplantation bone disease is complex,
especially in patients with pre-existing metabolic bone disorders that are further affected
by immunosuppressive medications and changes in renal allograft function. Main
biochemical abnormalities of mineral metabolism in kidney transplantation (KTx) include
hypophosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism (HPTH), insufficiency or deficiency of vitamin
D, and hypercalcemia.

Objective:
This review aims to summarize the pathophysiology and main biomarkers of
CKD-MBD in KTx.

Methods:
A comprehensive and non-systematic search in PubMed was independently
made, emphasizing biomarkers in mineral bone disease in KTx.

Results:
CKD-MBD can be associated with numerous factors, including secondary
HPTH, metabolic dysregulations before KTx, and glucocorticoid therapy in post-transplant
subjects. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) reaches normal levels after KTx with
good allograft function, while calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus, ultimately result in
hypercalcemia, persistent vitamin D insufficiency, and hypophosphatemia, respectively.
As for PTH levels, there is an initial tendency of a significant decrease, followed by a
rise due to secondary or tertiary HPTH. In regard to sclerostin levels, there is no consensus
in the literature.

Conclusion:
KTx patients should be continuously evaluated for mineral homeostasis and
bone status, both in cases with successful kidney transplantation and those with reduced
functionality. Additional research on CKD-MBD pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
is essential to guarantee long-term graft function, better prognosis, good quality
of life, and reduced mortality for KTx patients.
Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance: Highlights on Current Advance Methods for Detection of Drug Resistance and Current Pipeline
Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Kotakonda Muddukrishnaiah , Prasad Sunnapu , V. P. Shilpa , Abbas Heba S. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Sir Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered antibiotics in 1928. Antibiotics
have played a significant role in treating infectious diseases. The extensive use of antibiotics
has enabled the microorganisms to develop resistance against the antibiotics given, which has become
a global concern. This review aims to examine some of the mechanisms behind resistance and
advanced methods for detecting drug-resistant and antibacterial drugs in the clinical pipeline.

Method:
An extensive search was carried out in different databases, viz. Scopus, Embase, Cochrane,
and PubMed. The keywords used in the search were antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic resistance,
antimicrobial tolerance, antibiotic tolerance, and methods to reduce antimicrobial resistance.
All the studies published in the English language and studies focusing on antibiotic resistance were
included in the analysis.

Results:
The most common mechanisms involved in antimicrobial resistance are reflux pumping,
antibiotic inactivation, acquired resistance, intrinsic resistance, mutation, bio-film resistance, etc.
Antibacterial medicinal products for multidrug resistance (MDR) infections are active against pathogens,
which are registered in the World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogen list (PPL).

Conclusion:
Furthermore, their innovativeness was assessed by their lack of cross-resistance. Finally,
novel antibacterial drugs without pre-existing inter-resistance, especially those with highresistance
gram-negative bacteria and tuberculosis (TB), are understated and urgently required.
Comparative Review of Effects of Pien Tze Huang and AnGong NiuHuang Pill and their Potential on Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases
Authors: Yew David T. , Liu Congsheng , Chen Zhiliang , Wu Sharon L.Y. , Chow Tony C.H. , Cheng Rufina S.Y. , Lee Jocy T.C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
The ancient composite formulae Angong Niuhuang pill and Pien Tze Huang, which were used a few hundred years ago to treat febrile disease and inflammation, respectively, are found to exert effects benefiting other neurological diseases and conditions. This short review introduces the main constituents of the two formulae, looking into both the cumulative synergetic and possible individual effects of each herb or animal apcoien. In essence, the main effects of Angong Niuhuang pill include anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-cell death, anticonvulsion, antiedema, antipyretic, antithrombotic, antimicrobial (bacteria, viruses, fungi), neuroprotective effects, and cardiovascular protection. The main effects of Pien Tze Huang include anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-cell death, antithrombotic, antimicrobial, neuroprotective effects, and cardiovascular protection. Comparing both composites, similarities in the effects and part of the components are found, showing some pharmacological evidence. This review casts light on research on the effects of neuroprotective and cardiovascular protective mechanisms as well as treatment mechanisms for cerebral accidents from the integrative medicine perspective.
The Effects of Increased Glucose Level and Glycolysis on SARS CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Guzel Mustafa , Ozlem Zurnaci Fatma 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
COVID-19 has entered our lives as an infection with high mortality rates. Although the vaccination process has provided benefits, the death toll remains frightening worldwide. Therefore, drugs and combined therapies that can be used against COVID-19 infection are still being investigated. Most of these antiviral medications are investigational drug candidates that are still in clinical trials. In this context, holistic and different approaches for the treatment of COVID-19, including prophylactic use of natural medicines, are under investigation and may offer potential treatment options due to the fact that this is still an unmet medical need of the world. Thus, inhibiting the increased glycolysis in COVID-19 infection with glycolysis inhibitors may be beneficial for patient survival. This short review highlights the potential benefits of glycolysis inhibition as well as controlling the elevated glucose levels in patients with COVID-19.