bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public and Private Information in International Crises: Diplomatic Correspondence and Conflict Anticipation
Authors: Boussalis Constantine , Chadefaux Thomas , Decadri Silvia , Salvi Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Scholars of international conflicts have long emphasized the role of private information in the onset of interstate wars. Yet, the literature lacks direct and systematic evidence of its effect. This is largely due to challenges with accessing decision-makers’ private and often confidential information and opinions. We compile a large corpus of declassified French diplomatic cables that span the period 1871–1914. Using these texts, we estimate a dynamic topic model to generate diplomatic thematic variables, which are then used to forecast the onset of French Militarized Interstate Disputes (MIDs). The inclusion of information from diplomatic correspondence greatly improves estimates of MID timing, compared to models that rely solely on public information such as structural determinants and revealed risk perceptions derived from financial markets or the press. These results emphasize the importance of private information in decisions to go to war and the limitations of empirical work that relies solely on publicly available data.
Tolerance analysis of a compliant assembly using random Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline curves and isogeometric method
Authors: Aghabeigi Mostafa , Khodaygan Saeed , Movahhedy Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) is one of the most versatile tools of computer-aided design. The concept of random NURBS curves is introduced for modeling the geometrical errors in mechanical parts and assemblies. The proposed idea is utilized to solve an example problem involving deformable components. For this purpose, profile tolerances of the parts are transformed into covariance matrices of NURBS control polygon parameters. Then, the control polygons are used as vector chains to calculate geometrical error propagation. Afterwards, isogeometric analysis (IGA) is invoked to express deformations of the parts during the assembly process as changes in the shape of the underlying control polygons. Finally, the result of the calculations is translated back into the tolerance zone of the assembly. Numerical examples are employed to examine the effect of NURBS structure (degree, knot vector, and control points) on convergence and stability of results. Outcomes of the theory are compared with direct measurements of actual assemblies and results of a Monte Carlo finite element simulation to illustrate the validity of the results. Furthermore, the developed model is used to obtain practical guidelines regarding the reduction of geometrical errors by the optimum design of the assembly.
A general methodology for reliability-based robust design optimization of computation-intensive engineering problems
Authors: Lai Xiongming , Huang Ju , Zhang Yong , Wang Cheng , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As for complex engineering structures, their single deterministic solutions need to be calculated with the help of computation-intensive finite element software, and the corresponding computation time always lasts very long. When referring to robust design optimization of complex engineering structures, the above expensive job should be repeatedly carried out for a considerable amount of time during the full optimization process. Hence, such repetitive jobs may be difficult to complete for most engineering applications. Aiming at this problem, the paper proposes a general methodology for reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO). Firstly, the improved formulation of the RBRDO problem is proposed based on the conventional RBRDO form, and the original probabilistic constraint functions in the improved formulation are changed into the deterministic ones by means of employing the performance measure approach (PMA). Secondly, the above-mentioned improved RBRDO problem is approximately replaced by a new sequence of approximate suboptimizations. For each suboptimization, its original PMA functions are replaced by the approximate explicit form only concerning the deterministic design variables rather than random variables. In this way, each suboptimization is deterministic. Furthermore, the trust-region method is adopted to ensure that the new sequence of suboptimization converge to the original improved RBRDO problem. Lastly, a test problem and three applications are adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the above-proposed methods.
PACS(optional, as per journal): 75.40.-s; 71.20.LP
X-ray absorption and reprocessing in the z ∼ 2.5 lensed quasar 2MASS J1042+1641
Authors: Walton D J , Reynolds M T , Stern D , Brightman M , Lemon C 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present new broad-band X-ray observations of the z ∼ 2.5 lensed quasar 2MASS J1042+1641, combining XMM–Newton, Chandra, and NuSTAR to provide coverage of the X-ray spectrum over the 0.3–40 keV bandpass in the observed frame, corresponding to the ∼1–140 keV band in the rest frame of 2MASS J1042+1641. The X-ray data show clear evidence for strong (but still Compton-thin) X-ray absorption, NH ∼ 3–4 × 1023 $\rm \, cm^{-2}$, in addition to significant reprocessing by Compton-thick material that must lie away from our line of sight to the central X-ray source. We test two different interpretations for the latter: first that the reprocessing occurs in a classic active galactic nucleus torus, as invoked in unification models, and second that the reprocessing occurs in the accretion disc. Both models can successfully reproduce the observed spectra, and both imply that the source is viewed at moderately low inclinations (i &lt; 50°) despite the heavy line-of-sight absorption. Combining the X-ray data with infrared (IR) data from WISE, the results seen from 2MASS J1042+1641 further support the recent suggestion that large X-ray and IR surveys may together be able to identify good lensed quasar candidates in advance of detailed imaging studies.
Exploration of 3D wavelet scattering transform coefficients for line-intensity mapping measurements
Authors: Chung Dongwoo T 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The wavelet scattering transform (WST) has recently gained attention in the context of large-scale structure studies, being a possible generator of summary statistics encapsulating non-Gaussianities beyond the reach of the conventional power spectrum. This work examines the three-dimensional solid harmonic WST in the context of a three-dimensional line-intensity mapping measurement to be undertaken by current and proposed phases of the CO Mapping Array Project (COMAP). The WST coefficients demonstrate interpretable behaviour in the context of noiseless CO line-intensity simulations. The contribution of the cosmological z ∼ 3 signal to these coefficients is also detectable in principle even in the Pathfinder phase of COMAP. Using the peak-patch method to generate large numbers of simulations and incorporating observational noise, we numerically estimate covariance matrices and show that careful choices of WST hyperparameters and rescaled or reduced coefficient sets are both necessary to keep covariances well-conditioned. Fisher forecasts show that even a reduced ‘shapeless’ set of ℓ-averaged WST coefficients show constraining power that can exceed that of the power spectrum alone even with similar detection significance. The full WST could improve parameter constraints even over the combination of the power spectrum and the voxel intensity distribution, showing that it uniquely encapsulates shape information about the line-intensity field. However, practical applications urgently require further understanding of the WST in key contexts like covariances and cross-correlations.
Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine in Japanese systemic lupus erythematosus patients with renal impairment
Authors: Shimizu Mikiko , Furudate Sumito , Nagai Yoshiki , Shimada Kota , Ohshima Miho , Setoguchi Keigo , Hashiguchi Masayuki , Yokogawa Naoto 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Reduction of the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dosage is recommended in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with renal impairment, but a pharmacokinetics (PK) study of patients with renal impairment has not yet been performed.

Methods
We investigated the PK of both single and multiple doses of HCQ and its metabolites in SLE patients with renal impairment who newly started HCQ at a daily dose of 300 mg based on an ideal body weight dosage of 6.5 mg/kg. Population PK analysis was performed using a non-linear mixed-effects model.

Results
In total, 219 samples from 21 patients were analysed. The PK of HCQ in blood after single and multiple oral administrations followed the two-compartment model. At steady state, the concentration ratio of HCQ to each metabolite was HCQ:desethylhydroxychloroquine:desethylchloroquine:bisdesethylchloroquine = 1:0.28:0.1:0.06. The HCQ concentration correlated positively with that of each metabolite. The estimated values (relative standard error) of the population PK parameters were the total clearance at 110 l/h (31%) and a central volume of distribution of 398 l (19%). Co-administration of prednisolone and age, but not renal impairment, were factors affecting the total clearance of HCQ.

Conclusions
From the PK perspective, a dosage reduction is unnecessary in SLE patients with impaired renal function.
The roles of mutated SPINK1 gene in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Pan Xiuyi , Tan Junya , Yin Xiaoxue , Liu Qianqi , Zheng Linmao , Su Zhengzheng , Zhou Qiao , Chen Ni 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
SPINK1-positive prostate cancer (PCa) has been identified as an aggressive PCa subtype. However, there is a lack of definite studies to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the loss of SPINK1 expression in most PCa cells except 22Rv1 cells, which are derived from a human prostatic carcinoma xenograft, CWR22R. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of SPINK1 protein positive/negative expression and its biological roles in PCa cell lines. SPINK1 mRNA was highly expressed in 22Rv1 cells compared with LNCaP, C4-2B, DU145, and PC-3 cells, and the protein was only detected in 22Rv1 cells. Among these cell lines, the wild-type SPINK1 coding sequence was only found in 22Rv1 cells, and two mutation sites, the c.194G&gt;A missense mutation and the c.210T&gt;C synonymous mutation, were found in other cell lines. Our further research showed that the mutations were associated with a reduction in SPINK1 mRNA and protein levels. Functional experiments indicated that SPINK1 promoted PC-3 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while knockdown of SPINK1 attenuated 22Rv1 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The wild-type SPINK1 gene can promote the malignant behaviors of cells more than the mutated ones. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry showed that SPINK1 decreased the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and increased the percentage of S phase cells. We demonstrated that the c.194G&gt;A and c.210T&gt;C mutations in the SPINK1 gene decreased the mRNA and protein levels. The wild-type SPINK1 gene is related to aggressive biological behaviors of PCa cells and may be a potential therapeutic target for PCa.
‘Agere Contra’as a strategy for survival: a spiritual philosophical perspective to fight the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Situmorang Dominikus David Biondi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract‘Agere Contra’ is a term introduced by St. Ignatius. The term comes from the Latin, meaning ‘to act against’ or ‘to act otherwise.’ In more depth, what conventional traders do does not necessarily go against government regulations. But they do the opposite, because on the basis of a higher than all, namely life. They are willing to sacrifice for their families to ‘go against’ government regulations, so that all their family members can still eat and survive in the current crisis situation.
Profiling of serum oxylipins identifies distinct spectrums and potential biomarkers in young people with very early onset gout
Authors: Wang Can , Lu Jie , Sun Wenyan , Merriman Tony R , Dalbeth Nicola , Wang Zhongjun , Wang Xuefeng , Han Lin , Cui Lingling , Li Xinde , Ji Aichang , Li Hailong , Ji Xiaopeng , He Yuwei , Li Changgui , Liu Zhen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
Oxylipins modulate inflammation via complex pathways. The oxylipin profile in gout remains unexplored. In this study, we systemically profiled oxylipins in young men and identified new oxylipin biomarkers for clinical use in differentiating gout from hyperuricaemia.

Material and methods
Oxylipin profiling was performed in 90 men (30 very early onset gout, 30 asymptomatic hyperuricaemia [HU] and 30 normouricaemia [NU], all aged &lt;20 years) divided into discovery and validation sample sets. The dataset was analysed based on orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis. Correlation network and pathway enrichment were conducted to reveal potential oxylipin-involved pathways of gout. Candidate oxylipins were further evaluated and optimized in the validation cohort, and differential oxylipin biomarkers combined with or without serum urate were applied to construct diagnostic models.

Results
In discovery stage, 21 differential oxylipins in the gout vs HU comparisons and 14 differential oxylipins in the gout vs NU comparisons were discovered. Correlation network analysis was performed and 14(S)-HDHA (14S-hydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid) was identified as a hub metabolite in both comparisons. Seven down-regulated oxylipins in the gout vs HU group and five down-regulated oxylipins in the gout vs NU group were validated. Diagnostic models were constructed with the above oxylipins, with 14(S)-HDHA alone having an area under the curve of 1 (95% CI, 1, 1) in both comparisons.

Conclusions
Young men with very early onset gout have distinct oxylipin spectrums, especially those derived from arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Differential oxylipins could serve as candidate serum biomarkers in differentiating gout from hyperuricaemia.
Obstetric outcomes in women with rheumatic disease and COVID-19 in the context of vaccination status
Authors: Maguire Sinead , Al-Emadi Samar , Alba Paula , Aguiar Mathia Cecilia , Al Lawati Talal , Alle Gelsomina , Bermas Bonnie , Bhana Suleman , Branimir Anic , Bulina Inita , Clowse Megan , Cogo Karina , Colunga Iris , Cook Claire , Cortez Karen J , Dao Kathryn , Gianfrancesco Milena , Gore-Massey Monique , Gossec Laure , Grainger Rebecca , Hausman Jonathon , Hsu Tiffany Y T , Hyrich Kimme , Isnardi Carolina , Kawano Yumeko , Kilding Rachael , Kusevich Daria A , Lawson-Tovey Saskia , Liew Jean , McCarthy Eoghan , Montgumery Anna , Moyano Sebastian , Nasir Noreen , Padjen Ivan , Papagoras Charalampos , Patel Naomi J , Pera Mariana , Pisoni Cecilia , Pons-Estel Guillermo , Quiambao Antonio L , Quintana Rosana , Ruderman Eric , Sattui Sebastian , Savio Veronica , Sciascia Savino , Sencarova Marieta , Morales Rosa Serrano , Siddique Faizah , Sirotich Emily , Sparks Jeffrey , Strangfeld Anja , Sufka Paul , Tanner Helen , Tissera Yohana , Wallace Zachary , Werner Marina L , Wise Leanna , Worthing Angus B , Zell JoAnn , Zepa Julija , Machado Pedro M , Yazdany Jinoos , Robinson Philip , Conway Richard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe obstetric outcomes based on COVID-19 vaccination status, in women with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) who developed COVID-19 during pregnancy.MethodsData regarding pregnant women entered into the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance registry from 24 March 2020–25 February 2022 were analysed. Obstetric outcomes were stratified by number of COVID-19 vaccine doses received prior to COVID-19 infection in pregnancy. Descriptive differences between groups were tested using the chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test.ResultsThere were 73 pregnancies in 73 women with RMD and COVID-19. Overall, 24.7% (18) of pregnancies were ongoing, while of the 55 completed pregnancies, 90.9% (50) of pregnancies resulted in livebirths. At the time of COVID-19 diagnosis, 60.3% (n = 44) of women were unvaccinated, 4.1% (n = 3) had received one vaccine dose while 35.6% (n = 26) had two or more doses. Although 83.6% (n = 61) of women required no treatment for COVID-19, 20.5% (n = 15) required hospital admission. COVID-19 resulted in delivery in 6.8% (n = 3) of unvaccinated women and 3.8% (n = 1) of fully vaccinated women. There was a greater number of preterm births (PTB) in unvaccinated women compared with fully vaccinated 29.5% (n = 13) vs 18.2% (n = 2).ConclusionsIn this descriptive study, unvaccinated pregnant women with RMD and COVID-19 had a greater number of PTB compared with those fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Additionally, the need for COVID-19 pharmacological treatment was uncommon in pregnant women with RMD regardless of vaccination status. These results support active promotion of COVID-19 vaccination in women with RMD who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy.
Incidental Os Odontoideum in an Adolescent Athlete With Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: Howell Nathan , Walker Gregory , Hankinson Todd , Armento Aubrey 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Sports-related concussion (SRC) is a frequent injury in the adolescent population with presentation including a wide array of signs and symptoms. There are no universally agreed upon guidelines for when to pursue advanced imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in the workup of SRCs in the adolescent population. Our experience indicates that MRI rarely contributes to management. This case report highlights a rare finding of os odontoideum on MRI imaging in an adolescent female soccer player in the setting of treatment of an SRC that altered the course of her clinical management.
A Quality Collaborative Study of the Concordance of Electrodiagnostic Scores and Clinical Severity in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Billig Jessica I. , Kotsis Sandra V. , Ouyang Zhongzhe , Wang Lu , Chung Kevin C. ,   M-CHIQS Collaborators
Published: September 2022

Background:
Electrodiagnostic studies (EDS) are commonly used to diagnose CTS. However, these exams are prone to false positive and negative values, questioning their use as a reference standard. The study purpose was to evaluate the agreement of EDS severity, clinical assessment scores (CAS), and probability of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS-6 scores) and to determine factors associated with EDS severity.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of 609 patients with CTS (941 hands). Data were collected from 9 hand surgery practices in the Michigan Collaborative Hand Initiative for Quality in Surgery. Patients were categorized as having mild, moderate, or severe CTS based on CAS scores and low, medium, or high probability of CTS based on CTS-6 scores. Goodman and Kruskal’s gamma statistics measured the agreement between EDS and CAS and between EDS and CTS-6 scores. We performed cumulative logistic regression with mixed effects to evaluate the association among EDS severity, clinical assessments (CAS and CTS-6), and patient characteristics.

Results:
The concordance between EDS severity and CTS-6 scores was ɤ=0.31 (0.21-0.40) with an accuracy of 43%. The concordance between EDS severity and CAS was ɤ=0.66 (0.58-0.74) with an accuracy of 58%. Wide site-level variation in the gamma coefficient between EDS and CAS and between EDS and CTS-6 was seen. Male sex, increasing age, and increasing body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with increased odds of EDS severity.

Conclusions:
Wide practice-level variation underscores the variability in diagnostic testing accuracy. Physicians should consider patient characteristics (sex, age, BMI) when assessing CTS severity.
Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection on Scars: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Man-Yun , Chiu Wen-Kuan , Wang Hsian-Jenn , Chen I-Fan , Chen Jin-Hua , Chang Ta-Pang , Ko Yu , Chen Chiehfeng 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Scars can cause pain as well as long-term physical dysfunction and psychological harm. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is one of the treatment choices for scars. However, further evidence is needed to confirm its efficacy.

Methods:
This systematic review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effectiveness of BoNT-A on scars. We extracted the mean and standard deviation for the Vancouver scar scale (VSS), Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale (SBSES), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for appearance evaluation, VAS for scar pain evaluation and scar width. Subgroup analysis was performed to understand the effect of active control.

Results:
Overall, 21 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. VSS results revealed that the BoNT-A group had a lower score than the saline group [standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.24 to −0.39, I
2 = 65%, P = 0.0002], whereas the BoNT-A group had a higher score than the steroid group (SMD: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.27 to 1.43, P = 0.004). Moreover, the BoNT-A group exhibited a higher grade than the saline group in SBSES (SMD: 1.42, 95% CI: 0.83 to 2.20, I
2 = 48%, P < 0.00001). VAS for appearance evaluation revealed significantly higher scores in the BoNT-A group than in the saline group (SMD: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.77 to 1.74, I
2 = 72%, P < 0.00001). Moreover, VAS for scar pain evaluation revealed that the BoNT-A group had a significantly lower score than the steroid group (SMD: −2.57, 95% CI: −4.40 to −0.74, I
2 = 95%, P = 0.006). Furthermore, the scar width was significantly shorter in the BoNT-A group than in the control group (SMD: −1.19, 95% CI: −1.49 to −0.89, I
2 = 0%, P < 0.00001)

Conclusion:
BoNT-A injection is more effective in treating scars than saline injection, although steroids may exhibit higher potency. Therefore, BoNT-A can be considered an alternative in patients not amenable to steroid treatment.
Pretransplant HOMA-β Is Predictive of Insulin Independence in 7 Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis Undergoing Islet Autotransplantation
Authors: Beamish Christine A. , Gaber A. Osama , Fraga Daniel W. , Hamilton Dale J. , Sabek Omaima M. 
Published: September 2022

Background.
Islet and β-cell function is intrinsic to glucose homeostasis. Pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (PIAT) for chronic pancreatitis (CP) treatment is a useful model for assessing islet function in the absence of immune-suppression and to perform extensive presurgical metabolic evaluations not possible from deceased donors. We recently showed that in CP-PIAT patients, preoperative islet identity loss presented with postoperative glycemic loss. Here, we examine presurgical islet function using Homeostatic Model Assessment-Beta Cell Function (%) (HOMA-β) and glycemic variables and compared them with postsurgical insulin independence and their predicted alignment with Secretory Unit of Islet Transplant Objects (SUITO) and beta cell score after transplantation (BETA-2) scores.

Methods.
Seven CP-PIAT patients were assessed for β-cell function metrics, including pretransplant and 6-mo posttransplant HOMA-β using insulin and C-peptide and evaluations of proposed insulin independence by SUITO and BETA-2 graft function equations. These were compared with oral glucose tolerance tests and pancreas histological samples taken at the time of transplant, examined for β-cell maturity markers.

Results.
Pre-PIAT, HOMA-β (60%−100%) associated with post-PIAT insulin independence. This association was only moderately supported by post-PIAT SUITO threshold scores (≥26) but robustly by BETA-2 scores (≥16.2). Appropriate posttransplant oral glucose tolerance test curves were found in those patients with normal pretransplant HOMA-β values. Preoperative low serological β-cell function was displayed by concurrent evidence of β-cell identity alterations including colocalization of insulin and glucagon, loss of urocortin-3, and increased intra-islet vimentin in patients who were insulin-dependent post-PIAT.

Conclusions.
These data encourage HOMA-β assessment before PIAT for estimating posttransplant insulin independence.