bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global diversity and distribution of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs in the tropical and subtropical oceans
Authors: Gazulla Carlota R. , Auladell Adrià , Ruiz‐González Clara , Junger Pedro C. , Royo‐Llonch Marta , Duarte Carlos M. , Gasol Josep M. , Sánchez Olga , Ferrera Isabel 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria are common in most marine environments but their global diversity and biogeography remain poorly characterized. Here, we analyzed AAP communities across 113 globally‐distributed surface ocean stations sampled during the Malaspina Expedition in the tropical and subtropical ocean. By means of amplicon sequencing of the pufM gene, a genetic marker for this functional group, we show that AAP communities along the surface ocean were mainly composed of members of the Halieaceae (Gammaproteobacteria), which were adapted to a large range of environmental conditions, and of different clades of the Alphaproteobacteria, which seemed to dominate under particular circumstances, such as in the oligotrophic gyres. AAP taxa were spatially structured within each of the studied oceans, with communities from adjacent stations sharing more taxonomic similarities. AAP communities were composed of a large pool of rare members and several habitat specialists. When compared to the surface ocean prokaryotic and picoeukaryotic communities, it appears that AAP communities display an idiosyncratic global biogeographical pattern, dominated by selection processes and less influenced by dispersal limitation. Our study contributes to the understanding of how AAP communities are distributed in the horizontal dimension and the mechanisms underlying their distribution across the global surface ocean.
The first winter of social distancing improved most of the health indexes in a paediatric emergency department
Authors: Cozzi Giorgio , Blasutig Francesca , De Nardi Laura , Giangreco Manuela , Barbi Egidio , Amaddeo Alessandro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimWe compared visits to a tertiary level paediatric emergency department (PED) in Italy, during winter 2020–2021, when COVID‐19 social distancing measures were in place, with winter 2019–2020.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of an electronic database. We obtained the number of visits and the ages, main complaints, triage codes, discharge diagnoses and outcomes of patients who accessed the PED from the 1 October 2020 to 28 February 2021. These were compared to the same period in 2019–2021.ResultsVisits fell by 52%, from 10982 in 2019–2020 to 5317 in 2020–2021 (p < 0.0001). The reductions were 52% in neonates, 58% in infants, 53% in toddlers, 61% in preschool children, 48% in school children and 46% in adolescents. Non‐urgent and urgent triage codes declined. Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections fell by 72% and 71% respectively. Injuries declined by 42%, mainly among adolescents. Accidental intoxication, psychiatric symptoms and substance or alcohol abuse declined by 24%, 33% and 64%. Hospital admissions reduced by 8% and admissions to intensive care fell by 29%.ConclusionDuring the first winter of pandemic social distancing visits to an Italian PED fell by 52%, with higher reductions in younger children and infants, and hospital admissions fell by 8%.
Nutrient digestibility, fecal output of fractionated proteins, and ruminal fermentation parameters of goats fed a diet supplemented with spent green tea and black tea leaf silage
Authors: Kondo Makoto , Hidaka Miho , Hirano Yoshiaki , Kita Kazumi , Jayanegara Anuraga , Yokota Hiro‐omi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpent green and black tea leaf silage (GTS and BTS, respectively) was offered as a protein supplement to goats to examine in vivo digestibility, nitrogen balance, urinary excretion of purine derivatives, and ruminal fermentation. Four castrated goats were fed a basal diet supplemented with alfalfa hay cube (AHC), GTS, or BTS in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Digestibilities of various nutrients except for nitrogen (N) fraction were unaffected by the type of supplement. Digestibility of acid detergent insoluble N (ADIN) in BTS treatment was a negative value and significantly lower than those in other treatments. Urinary N output and retained N were not significantly affected by the diets. The fecal output of neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) and ADIN in the BTS treatment was significantly higher than those in other treatments. Urinary excretion of purine derivatives was not affected by the treatments. Ruminal NH3‐N concentration in AHC and GTS treatments were not significantly different, but that in the BTS treatment was significantly lower than others. These results indicated that GTS is substitutable for AHC as a protein supplement, whereas BTS was able to bind proteins tightly in the digestive tract, which lowered ruminal N degradability and increase fecal N output.
What is special about conscientious objection?
Authors: Persson Ingmar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe deliverances of our conscience are heartfelt, but not necessarily reason‐based, moral convictions that concern our own behaviour. The fact that conscientious objections to a regulation, like a prohibition or obligation, express a heartfelt conviction that it is morally wrong to comply or morally permissible not to comply with the regulation provides a moral reason to respect the conviction because failing to do so is likely to cause objectors considerable suffering. But for conscientious objections to succeed in justifying exempting objectors from complying with the regulation, the suffering caused by forcing compliance must outweigh the suffering produced by exempting them from compliance. In the case of obligations, this necessitates that others with a similar competence are available to replace them. Conscientious objectors can never justifiably demand to be granted exemptions. This takes acts of generosity made feasible by favourable circumstances, such as the availability of replacements.
Differing kinetics of anti-spike protein IgGs and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after Comirnaty (BNT162b2) immunization
Authors: Bonura Floriana , De Grazia Simona , Bonura Celestino , Sanfilippo Giuseppa L. , Giammanco Giovanni M. , Amodio Emanuele , Ferraro Donatella 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has had a serious worldwide impact on human health. On December 2020, an immunization campaign with a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty-BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech) was started in Italy, first targeting healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aims to investigate the antibodies that are response against SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Methods and Results
The kinetics and the persistence of both anti-S1/S2 IgGs and neutralizing antibodies (Nt-Abs) were investigated in 76 HCWs through a 4-month follow-up with multiple testing points starting at the first dose. Temporal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Abs titre kinetics showed three different stages, with an initial slow growth in the anti-S1/S2 IgGs and Nt-Abs titres, corresponding to the first 4 weeks after the first dose of vaccine, followed by a second stage with peaks in titres, around 35 days after the first dose, and by a third stage (38 to 90–120 days after the first dose) showing a steady decrease in anti-S1/S2 IgGs while Nt-Abs are maintained at stable levels. Moreover, the levels of specific Nt-Abs to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein are correlated to the anti-S1/S2 IgG titre (R-squared = 0.47; p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The levels of specific Nt-Abs to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein are correlated to the anti-S1/S2 IgG titre, although Nt-Abs could maintain a more stable titre over the time despite declining IgG Abs titre.

Significance and Impact
This study highlights the kinetics and the persistence of Nt-Abs in HCWs vaccinated with Comirnaty (BNT162b2) Pfizer-BioNTech, and compared the Nt-Abs levels with anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgGs titres during a 4-month follow-up starting at the first dose of vaccine.
Ruptured brain aneurysm‐induced subarachnoid hemorrhage with concurrent myocardial infarction in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Pan Zhixiang , Zhao Bangcheng , Tang Xun , Li Qinxi , Zhang Ting , Zhang Yingqian , Zhong Zhihui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBrain aneurysm ruptured subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) are extremely rare except in humans. This study described a SAH caused by a ruptured anterior communication artery aneurysm and concurrent myocardial infarction, along with pneumonia and intestinal obstruction in a rhesus monkey, which is rather rare in animal experiments.
Accuracy of bedside bidimensional transcranial ultrasound versus tomodensitometric measurement of the third ventricle
Authors: Lasselin Philippe , Grousson Sebastien , Souza Netto Edmundo Pereira , Balanca Baptiste , Terrier Anne , Dailler Frederic , Haesbaert Julie , Boublay Nawele , Gory Benjamin , Berhouma Moncef , Lukaszewicz Anne‐Claire 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of transcranial duplex sonography (TCS) for measuring the diameter of the third ventricle (DTV) and the brain midline shift (MLS), as compared to cerebral CT.MethodsSingle‐center retrospective study including 177 patients admitted to the neurological intensive care unit (NICU). We studied the correlation between TCS and CT measurements of DTV and MLS using a Bland‐Altman analysis. The best threshold of DTV to diagnose acute hydrocephalus was evaluated with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsWe analyzed 177 pairs of CT‐TCS measurements for DTV and 165 for MLS. The mean time interval between CT and TCS was 87 ± 73 minutes. Median DTV measurement on CT was 4 ± 3 mm, and 5 ± 3 mm by TCS. Median MLS on CT was 2 ± 3 mm, and 2 ± 4 mm by TCS. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r2) was .96 between TCS and CT measurements (p < .001). The Bland‐Altman analysis found a proportional bias of 0.69 mm for the DTV with a limit of agreement ranging between –3.04 and 2.53 mm. For the MLS, the proportional bias was 0.23 mm with limits of agreements between –3.5 and 3.95. The area under the ROC curve was .97 for the detection of hydrocephalus by DTV on TCS, with a best threshold of 5.72 mm (Sensitivity [Se] = 92% Specificity [Sp] = 92.1%).ConclusionsTCS seems to be a reliable and accurate bedside technique for measuring both DTV and MLS, which might allow detection of acute hydrocephalus among NICU patients.
‘Poorly relaxed women’: A situational analysis of pelvic examination learning materials for medical students
Authors: Towle Sarah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCertain clinical pelvic examination (PE) teaching methods have been critiqued for prioritising student learning over patient autonomy and for not accurately representing diverse patient communities. As such, patient‐centred and culturally competent approaches to the PE may need further emphasis in the medical curriculum—in particular, in content delivered to students before patient interaction. Classroom materials serve as students' first exposure to the sensitive procedure. This research explores how patients are represented in these materials.MethodsA situational analysis was conducted on 10 purposively sampled PE learning materials for the 2019/20 academic year from five undergraduate medical schools in Canada. Situational analysis focuses on analysing discourse but is epistemically aligned with post‐structuralism (most notably Foucault's theories involving discursive power) and allows for specific consideration of ‘silences’ in the data. Collected data were analysed using cartographic approaches according to this methodology, with particular attention paid to the tenets and frameworks of patient‐centred and culturally competent care.ResultsOverall, content in these materials misrepresented and under‐represented patients. Materials contained both outdated and unnecessarily sexualised language, in addition to a lack of patient diversity. Clinical authority was often centred over patient agency, and several updated PE techniques known to improve patient experience were absent. Patient‐centred and culturally competent approaches were therefore inadequately highlighted in most of the materials.ConclusionsDepictions contained in these materials may be perpetuating stereotypes and biases in medicine and may be working to maintain teaching practices that cause harm to patients (standardised and regular) who students interact with in both clinical and educational settings. Efforts may be needed to improve classroom materials on the PE so that they more adequately centre patients and provide opportunities to discuss culturally competent approaches to the procedure that (i) may not be covered in other parts of the PE curriculum and (ii) can reduce known health disparities.
Populism and nationalism revisited: A comparative study of the Spanish and Portuguese New Left
Authors: da Silva Filipe Carreira , Manucci Luca , Veloso Larraz David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCurrent definitions of populism are insufficiently determinate. They fail to distinguish between populism and nationalism. We propose to remedy this problem by advancing a new definition of populism as the logic of democratic resentment. We apply this new definition to a comparison between Spain's Podemos and Portugal's Left Bloc (BE), which we classify as social carriers of populism. We make two contributions to the literature. First, our findings dispute existing characterisations of the Portuguese case, which fail to distinguish between populist and nationalist claim‐making. Second, our analysis undermines depictions of Podemos as the consummate populist party in Iberia: In 2015, the little studied BE was a stronger populist carrier than Podemos. The analytical framework underpinning this conclusion offers a more refined approach to populism than the alternatives and sets a higher standard for empirical replication.
Practical Considerations for Serving as an Expert Witness for Central American Asylum Cases
Authors: Metz Brent 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe decision for academics, especially ethnographers whose contributions involve rapport and friendship, to serve as expert witnesses, particularly for the growing numbers of applicants from northern Central America, should involve ethical and professional considerations. While expert witnesses do not determine the veracity of individual cases, they should at least reflect when people from populations they know are disadvantaged and under various threats call for help. Professionally, academics should ask if they are really “experts” for the cases at hand, the cases are credible, and the number of requests they can handle before compromising other work obligations.
Rapid response to dupilumab treatment in children with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: A case series
Authors: Votto Martina , Delle Cave Francesco , De Filippo Maria , Marseglia Alessia , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Brazzelli Valeria , Licari Amelia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease characterized by itch and clinical heterogeneity regarding the age of onset, morphology, distribution, and severity of lesions. Severe AD has a significant impact on the quality of life of affected children and their caregivers. Children with moderate‐severe AD inadequately controlled with topical therapy have limited treatment options, such as systemic corticosteroids or phototherapy, often prescribed as off‐label treatments, often with unfavorable benefit‐to‐risk ratio adverse events. Dupilumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody with proven effectiveness and a relatively safe adverse effect profile in patients with type 2 inflammatory diseases, including AD. We report three pediatric cases of severe AD successfully treated with dupilumab.
Idylla MSI test combined with immunohistochemistry is a valuable and cost effective strategy to search for microsatellite instable tumors of noncolorectal origin
Authors: Samaison Laura , Uguen Arnaud 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent diagnostic and therapeutic progresses have increased the need of searching for microsatellite instability (MSI) in cancer samples beyond colorectal cancer (CRC) ones. The availability of the fully‐automated Idylla MSI test (Biocartis), implementable easily in pathology laboratories, offers the opportunity to reconsider MSI diagnostic strategies towards rapid and in‐house diagnosis. In this study, we evaluate the performances and cost‐effectiveness of an in‐house Idylla MSI testing in comparison with an externalized testing of about 54 non‐CRC tumor samples. The Idylla MSI test concluded in valid analyses in 53/54 (98.1%) tumor samples with MSI statuses concordant with external molecular and immunohistochemical testing in 50/53 (94.3%) samples. Wrong Idylla MSI test results were obtained in 3/53 (5.7%) samples. Manual checking of microsatellite analyses results and confrontation between the results of Idylla and immunohistochemical analyses have permitted detection and correction of the discrepancies. The implementation of an in‐house Idylla MSI testing for non‐CRC tumors, necessarily combined with immunohistochemistry searching for MSI tumors, appeared not only valuable in terms of performances, but also in terms of cost‐effectiveness without increasing the analyses‐related costs but decreasing dramatically their turnaround times to one single working day.
An empirical analysis of Colombia's trade liberalization process and its effect on the equilibrium of its structural trade deficit
Authors: Abreo Carlos , Bustillo Ricardo , Rodriguez Carlos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article examines the extent to which Colombia's trade liberalization, as a government strategy to boost its exports, has helped to balance its structural trade deficit. Based on the trade gravity model theory, we derive two‐way specifications (Colombian exports and imports) in order to analyze bilateral trade flows (fuels and non‐fuels) between Colombia and 136 countries from 2005 to 2018. Additionally, we compare the real export performance of Colombia with its main partners through the trade potential index (TPI), to assess the effect of Colombia's openness on bilateral trade. The econometric approach indicates that the free trade agreement (FTA) factor has a negative net effect on Colombia's exports and a positive net impact on Colombia's imports. Finally, the TPI analysis allows us to infer that although there is an evolution towards the intensification of Colombian trade, this trend is greater in imports than in exports, which suggests a deepening of the Colombian trade deficit.
Use of a bone‐to‐tendon plate to stabilize a comminuted calcaneus fracture in a dog
Authors: Evers Johanna S. , Kim Stanley E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report the use of an ancillary plate spanning from the calcaneus to the common calcaneal tendon to stabilize a comminuted fracture in a dog.Study designCase reportAnimalsTwo year old male neutered mix‐breed dog.MethodsThe dog presented for a grade IIIa open highly comminuted fracture of the shaft and tuber of the left calcaneus from a suspected gunshot wound. Plantar and lateral locking plates were applied to the calcaneus, with the lateral plate extending proximally and sutured directly to the common calcaneal tendon. Autogenous cancellous and allogenic corticocancellous bone grafts were placed into the fracture site, and a human placental matrix was injected after closure. A lateral tarsal splint was applied for 17 weeks postoperatively. The lateral bone‐to‐tendon plate was replaced with a smaller lateral plate spanning only the calcaneus 9 weeks after the initial surgery.ResultsRadiographic union was documented at 17 weeks. At 25 weeks, both plates were removed due to suspected implant associated infection. At the final follow‐up assessment, 36 weeks after initial surgery, the dog had returned to normal function with no observable lameness.ConclusionIncorporation of the common calcaneal tendon as a proximal segment for plate fixation led to successful union of a highly comminuted calcaneal fracture.
PDGFRα+ subepithelial interstitial cells act as a pacemaker to drive smooth muscle of the guinea pig seminal vesicle
Authors: Takeya Mitsue , Higashi Ryuhei , Hashitani Hikaru , Nakamura Kei‐ichiro , Hayashi Tokumasa , Nakashima Noriyuki , Takano Makoto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSmooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the guinea pig seminal vesicle (SV) develop spontaneous phasic contractions, Ca2+ flashes and electrical slow waves in a mucosa‐dependent manner, and thus it was envisaged that pacemaker cells reside in the mucosa. Here, we aimed to identify the pacemaker cells in SV mucosa using intracellular microelectrode and fluorescence Ca2+ imaging techniques. Morphological characteristics of the mucosal pacemaker cells were also investigated using focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy tomography and fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Two populations of mucosal cells developed spontaneous Ca2+ transients and electrical activity, namely basal epithelial cells (BECs) and subepithelial interstitial cells (SICs). Pancytokeratin‐immunoreactive BECs were located on the apical side of the basement membrane (BM) and generated asynchronous, irregular spontaneous Ca2+ transients and spontaneous transient depolarisations (STDs). The spontaneous Ca2+ transients and STDs were not diminished by 10 μM nifedipine but abolished by 10 μM cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)‐immunoreactive SICs were distributed just beneath the basal side of the BM and developed synchronous Ca2+ oscillations and electrical slow waves, which were suppressed by 3 μM nifedipine and abolished by 10 μM CPA. In SV mucosal preparations in which some smooth muscle bundles remained attached, SICs and residual SMCs developed temporally correlated spontaneous Ca2+ transients. Neurobiotin injected into SICs spread not only to neighbouring SICs but also to neighbouring SMCs or vice versa. These results suggest that PDGFRα+ SICs electrotonically drive the spontaneous contractions of SV smooth muscle.Key points
In many visceral smooth muscle organs, spontaneous contractions are electrically driven by non‐muscular pacemaker cells. In guinea pig seminal vesicles (SVs), as yet unidentified mucosal cells appear to drive neighbouring smooth muscle cells (SMCs).
Two populations of spontaneously active cells are distributed in the SV mucosa. Basal epithelial cells (BECs) generate asynchronous, irregular spontaneous Ca2+ transients and spontaneous transient depolarisations (STDs). In contrast, subepithelial interstitial cells (SICs) develop synchronous Ca2+ oscillations and electrical slow waves.
Pancytokeratin‐immunoreactive (IR) BECs are located on the apical side of the basement membrane (BM), while platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)‐IR SICs are located on the basal side of the BM.
Spontaneous Ca2+ transients in SICs are synchronised with those in SV SMCs. Dye‐coupling between SICs and SMCs suggests that SICs act as pacemaker cells to drive the spontaneous contractions of SV smooth muscle.
Stochastic Simultaneous Stabilization and Parking Control of the Brockett Integrator
Authors: Do K. D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a design of stochastic control laws for simultaneous stabilization and parking (i.e., tracking a reference trajectory that converges to the desired configuration) of the Brockett integrator based on Lyapunov's direct method, recent developments in the stabilization of stochastic systems, and Itô's formula for nonsmooth (weakly differentiable) functions. The control laws use two independent Wiener processes with the same covariance and the reference trajectory update. The proposed control design guarantees global K∞-exponential stability of the closed-loop system in probability.