bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Death and Severe Neurological Sequelae in Childhood Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Lovera Dolores , Amarilla Sara , Araya Soraya , Galeano Fernando , González Nicolas , Martínez de Cuellar Celia , Apodaca Silvio , Arbo Antonio 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) continues to be a challenge from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. Identifying severity risk factors and predictive scores may guide interventions to reduce poor outcome.

Methods
Data from a retrospective study for ABM in children admitted to the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Paraguay was analyzed. ABM was defined as positive cerebrospinal fluid culture, positive latex agglutination, or identification of microorganism by real time-polymerase chain reaction. Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors at hospital admission that predicted major morbidity or death during hospitalization were performed. A point-based scoring system that included variables, which were clearly different among those who passed away, was constructed.

Results
One hundred fourteen children hospitalized with ABM were eligible for the study. The mean age was 46 ± 57 months (range, 1–192 months). The observed mortality was 33% (38/114 patients). When a point-based scoring system was used, for score of 0 (n = 29) and 1 (n = 12), no death was observed. Among patients with a score of 2 (n = 14), 3 (n = 10 patients), 4 (n = 12 patients), and 5 (n = 13 patients), the mortality rate was 14.3%, 40%, 50%, and 53.8%, respectively. When the score was 6 or higher, the mortality rate was at least 63.6%.

Conclusions
The present score accurately discriminated the probability of death in children hospitalized with ABM, and it could be a useful tool to select candidates for admission to the intensive care unit and for adjunctive therapy in clinical trials.
Foreign Body Ingestion and Management in Children
Authors: Salman Hakan , Gürsoy Koca Tuğba , Dereci Selim , Akçam Mustafa 
Published: October 2022

Objective
The aim of the study is to evaluate of the children who came to our hospital with the complaint of foreign body (FB) ingestion and were treated.

Methods
A retrospective evaluation was made of the records of children who presented at our institution between January 2014 and August 2021 with the complaint of FB ingestion.

Results
Evaluation was made of 297 children, comprising 121 female children (40.7%) with a mean age of 61.1 ± 50.3 months (range, 4–202 months). The ingested FB most frequently was coins (n = 88, 29.6%). The most common complaint on presentation was vomiting in 47 cases (15.8%). Endoscopy was applied to 75 cases (25.3%), and most common FB was removed from the upper esophagus in 31 cases (41.3%). The most frequently removed FB was coins at the rate of 40%. Of the 211 cases left to a spontaneous course, 117 were in the intestines, 22 in the stomach, and in 72 cases localization could not be determined on conventional radiography as the FB was not opaque. In 7 cases with a bolus of food caught in the esophagus, 3 had corrosive esophagus stricture (1 case with colon transposition), 2 had operated esophagus atresia, 1 had eosinophilic esophagitis, and 1 had congenital esophagus stricture.

Conclusions
Although there can be serious outcomes, there is spontaneous expulsion in most cases. However, a significant proportion requires a timely endoscopic procedure. Attention must be paid to underlying diseases when FBs, such as a food bolus, are in the esophagus.
Quantitative Assessment of Bone Marrow Activity Using 18F-FLT PET in Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Tasaki Toshiki , Tsujikawa Tetsuya , Hosono Naoko , Mori Tetsuya , Makino Akira , Kiyono Yasushi , Okazawa Hidehiko , Yamauchi Takahiro 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Peripheral cytopenias are typical of blood test abnormalities associated with a variety of conditions, including aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). We prospectively investigated the feasibility of quantitative analysis of whole-body bone marrow activity using PET with 3′-deoxy-3′-18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) in AA and MDS.

Patients and Methods
Sixty-eight patients with cytopenia underwent 18F-FLT PET/MRI scan, with simultaneous bone marrow aspiration and biopsy for hematopoiesis evaluation. SUVs were measured in the vertebrae (Th3, 6, and 9 and L3), bilateral iliac crests, and extremities. SUV and bone marrow pathology were compared between AA and MDS and analyzed in relation to severity of AA and prognosis of MDS.

Results
Of the 68 patients with cytopenia, 12 were diagnosed with AA, 27 with MDS, 12 with bone marrow neoplasia, 2 with myelofibrosis, and 15 with other conditions. Iliac 18F-FLT SUVs were significantly correlated with bone marrow cell numbers and cell density (r = 0.47, P < 0.001 and ρ = 0.65, P < 0.001, respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between iliac and vertebral SUVs in AA and MDS (r = 0.65, P < 0.05 and r = 0.70, P < 0.001, respectively), and the slope of the regression line was significantly steeper in AA than in MDS (P < 0.05). In AA patients, vertebral 18F-FLT SUVs significantly decreased with disease progression, and in MDS patients, higher whole-body 18F-FLT uptake was associated with shorter overall survival (hazards ratio, 3.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–9.47; P = 0.037).

Conclusions
Quantitative whole-body bone marrow imaging using 18F-FLT PET helps distinguish AA from MDS and assess the severity of AA and prognosis of MDS.
A Novel Punch Technique for Facial Pigmented Melanocytic Nevus
Authors: Cao Zhe , Li Shu Hua , Shan Xiu Juan , Fang Xian Gang , Li Hui , Xu Zuo Jiao , Liang Xiao-Qin , Wang Zhen Hua , Tao Shu Jie , Lu Juan Juan 
Published: October 2022

The punch tool is a swift and practical instrument in the facial pigmented melanocytic nevus. However, few studies have evaluated the efficacy of the method for facial pigmented nevus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the practicability and effectiveness of removing facial pigmented nevus by punch biopsy technique. This was an observational study of patients with facial pigmented nevus in the Hospital of Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University. The ages of patients ranged from 15 to 36 years (average, 25 y). The outcome evaluations included Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score, esthetic appearance, and patient satisfaction. Following standard procedures, preoperative surgical excision was performed with safety margins. Anatomopathologic analysis of the surgical specimen was used as the gold standard to evaluate the accuracy of diagnosis by punch biopsy. From January 2019 to January 2020, this punch technique was carried out on 96 patients (151 pigmented nevus) with 35 melanocytic nevus on the forehead, 39 on the cheek, 21 on the eyelid, and 45 on the nose, whereas 11 were on nasolabial folds. The diameters of pigmented nevus are 0.5 to 10 mm on the face. All patients were evaluated at a follow-up visit ranging from 6 to 20 months (average, 11±1.5 mo) and healed with no complication. The histopathological examinations of the skin lesions showed benign outcomes. The mean Vancouver Scar Scale were 1.1±0.4. Ideal cosmetic and functional outcomes were achieved in 94 patients (97.9%). All patients achieved complete satisfaction except 2 patients with partial satisfaction. No recurrences and complications were recorded. This study demonstrated that the punch technique is an effective method to remove facial pigmented melanocytic nevus with acceptable functional and esthetic outcomes without relapse.
Trend of Academic Productivity in Plastic Surgery and the Impact of COVID-19: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Che Kexin , Wang Keke , Yuan Ye , Zhang Zhen , Li Fengyong , Li Qiang 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Plastic surgery has grown rapidly over the past decade, with increasing scientific output. The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a considerable impact on plastic surgery.

Objective:
To identify trends in published literature in plastic surgery from 2011 to 2021. To explore the impact of COVID-19 on scientific research output through bibliometric analysis methods.

Methods:
Web of Science was searched by authors on December 23, 2021. Published papers about plastic surgery over the last decade were analyzed. The search output was imported into VOSviewer for science mapping.

Results:
The actual number of papers related to plastic surgery during the COVID-19 period was higher than expected one. For scientific outputs in plastic surgery, keywords about surgical practice had a high frequency. “Reconstruction,” “effect,” “flap,” “tissue,” “defect,” “model” maintained a high level of heat before and after COVID-19. The heat of “risk,” “complication,” “review,” “infection,” “cohort,” and “meta-analysis” increased after the outbreak of COVID-19. The international collaboration showed an upward trend despite the impact of COVID-19. From the perspective of the volume of plastic surgery publications, some journals had a more positive performance compared to the pre-epidemic period. The proportion of original articles decreased after the spread of COVID-19 from 70.26% to 63.84%.

Conclusion:
Although the COVID-19 has a profound impact on the healthcare industry, the bibliographic data reveals an increasing scientific output in the field of plastic surgery over time. For plastic surgery, high-frequency terms, research hotspots, popular journals, article types, and international collaboration have changed under the influence of COVID-19.
Impact of CYP3A5 Status on the Clinical and Financial Outcomes Among African American Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Obayemi Joy , Keating Brendan , Callans Lauren , Lentine Krista L. , Schnitzler Mark A. , Caliskan Yasar , Xiao Huiling , Dharnidharka Vikas R. , Mannon Roslyn B. , Axelrod David A. 
Published: October 2022

Background.
Pharmacogenetic profiling of transplant recipients demonstrates that the marked variation in the metabolism of immunosuppressive medications, particularly tacrolimus, is related to genetic variants. Patients of African ancestry are less likely to carry loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the CYP3A5 gene and therefore retain a rapid metabolism phenotype and higher clearance of tacrolimus. Patients with this rapid metabolism typically require higher dosing to achieve therapeutic trough concentrations. This study aims to further characterize the impact of CYP3A5 genotype on clinical outcomes and financial expenditure.

Methods.
The CYP3A5 phenotype status was identified in 438 adult kidney transplant (KTx) recipients (96% were African American) using 3 LoF alleles (CYP3A5*3, *6 or *7). Individuals were categorized as rapid metabolism phenotype without LoF alleles‚ intermediate phenotype for 1 LoF allele‚ and slow phenotype for 2 LoF alleles. KTx outcomes (patient/kidney survival and Medicare spending) were determined using linked transplant registry and claims data.

Results.
Among the cohort, 23% had a rapid, 47% intermediate, and 30% a slow metabolism phenotype based on genotype. At 3 y, the rate of death censored graft failure and all cause graft failure was highest in the rapid metabolism phenotype and lowest in the intermediate metabolism phenotype group. First-year Medicare reimbursement differed significantly by genotype (rapid: $79 535, intermediate: $72 796, slow: $79 346, P = 0.03). After adjustment for donor and recipient characteristics, care for patients with intermediate metabolism was $4790 less expensive (P = 0.003).

Conclusions.
Pharmacogenomic assessment of African American KTx recipients may be useful to guide therapy when as CYP3A5 functional variants appear to be associated with differential outcome and spending after transplant.
CardioVinci: building blocks for virtual cardiac cells using deep learning
Authors: Khadangi Afshin , Boudier Thomas , Hanssen Eric , Rajagopal Vijay 
Published: October 2022

Advances in electron microscopy (EM) such as electron tomography and focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy provide unprecedented, three-dimensional views of cardiac ultrastructures within sample volumes ranging from hundreds of nanometres to hundreds of micrometres. The datasets from these samples are typically large, with file sizes ranging from gigabytes to terabytes and the number of image slices within the three-dimensional stack in the hundreds. A significant bottleneck with these large datasets is the time taken to extract and statistically analyse three-dimensional changes in cardiac ultrastructures. This is because of the inherently low contrast and the significant amount of structural detail that is present in EM images. These datasets often require manual annotation, which needs substantial person-hours and may result in only partial segmentation that makes quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional volumes infeasible. We present CardioVinci, a deep learning workflow to automatically segment and statistically quantify the morphologies and spatial assembly of mitochondria, myofibrils and Z-discs with minimal manual annotation. The workflow encodes a probabilistic model of the three-dimensional cardiomyocyte using a generative adversarial network. This generative model can be used to create new models of cardiomyocyte architecture that reflect variations in morphologies and cell architecture found in EM datasets.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease’.
Environmental conditions of recognition memory testing induce neurovascular changes in the hippocampus in a sex-specific manner in mice
Authors: Cadoret Alice , Dion-Albert Laurence , Amrani Sara , Caron Laurianne , Théberge Mathilde , Turmel Audrey , Lebel Manon , Menard Caroline 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExperiences are linked to emotions impacting memory consolidation and associated brain neuronal circuits. Posttraumatic stress disorder is an example of strong negative emotions affecting memory processes by flashbacks of past traumas. Stress-related memory deficits are also observed in major depressive disorder (MDD). We recently highlighted that sex-specific blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations underlie stress responses in mice and human depression. However, little is known about the relationship between emotional valence, memory encoding and BBB function. Here, we investigated the effects of novel object recognition (NOR) test, an experience considered of neutral emotional valence, on BBB properties in dorsal vs ventral hippocampus in the context of various environmental conditions (arena size, handling, age). The hippocampus is a brain area central for learning and memory processes with the dorsal and ventral subregions being associated with working memory vs reference memory retrieval, respectively. Expression of genes related to BBB integrity are altered in line with learning and memory processes in a region- and sex-specific manner. We observed correlations between poor learning, anxiety, stress-induced corticosterone release and changes in BBB-associated gene expression. Comparison of BBB transcriptomes between sexes also revealed profound differences at baseline in both ventral and dorsal hippocampus. Finally, we identified circulating vascular biomarkers, such as sE-selectin and Mmp-9, altered following NOR exposure supporting that recognition memory formation has an impact on the neurovasculature. Although deemed as a neutral valence test, NOR experimental conditions impact performance, highlighting the need to minimize anxiety when performing this commonly used test in mice.Significance StatementWith this study, we aim to investigate the blood-brain barrier’s (BBB) role in memory acquisition and consolidation to unravel new mechanisms and decipher the involvement of non-neuronal cell types in these processes. For this purpose, male and female mice were subjected to a recognition memory test associated with a neutral emotional experience and impact on the transcriptomic profile of the BBB along with blood vascular biomarkers were evaluated under various experimental conditions. Crossing the BBB remains an important challenge to develop therapeutic drugs including in the context of memory deficits driven by psychiatric disorders or neurodegenerative diseases and thus, the possibility to directly target this barrier by better understanding its biology is attractive and innovating.
Eat or Be Eaten: Implications of potential exploitative competition between wolves and humans across predator- savvy and -naive deer populations
Authors: Candler Ellen M. , Chakrabarti Stotra , Severud William J. , Bump Joseph K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecolonization of predators to their former ranges is becoming increasingly prevalent. Such recolonization places predators amongst their prey once again; the latter having lived without predation (from such predators) for considerable time. This renewed coexistence creates opportunities to explore predation ecology at both fundamental and applied levels.We used a paired experimental design to investigate white-tailed deer risk allocation in the Upper and Lower Peninsulas (UP and LP) in Michigan, USA. Wolves are functionally absent in the LP, while deer in the UP coexist with a re-established wolf population. We treated 15 sites each in UP and LP with wolf olfactory cues, and observed deer vigilance, activity, and visitation rates at the interface of habitat covariates using remote cameras. Such a paired design across wolf versus no-wolf areas allowed us to examine indirect predation effects while accounting for confounding parameters such as the presence of other predators and human activity.While wolf urine had no effect across most metrics in both UP and LP, we observed differences in deer activity in areas with versus without wolves. Sites treated with wolf urine in the UP showed a reduction in crepuscular deer activity, compared to control/novel-scent treated sites. Further, we observed a strong positive effect of vegetation cover on deer vigilance in these sites. This indicates that simulated predator cues likely affect deer vigilance more acutely in denser habitats, which presumably facilitates predation success. Such responses were however absent among deer in the LP that are presumably naïve towards wolf predation.Where human and non-human predators hunt shared prey, such as in Michigan, predators may constrain human hunting success by increasing deer vigilance. Hunters may avoid such exploitative competition by choosing hunting/bait sites located in open areas. Our results pertaining to fundamental predation ecology have strong applied implications that can promote human-predator coexistence.
“Wissenschaft fürs Wohnzimmer” – two years of interactive, scientific livestreams weekly on YouTube
Authors: Stoll Nicolas , Wietz Matthias , Juricke Stephan , Pausch Franziska , Peter Corina , Massing Jana C. , Seifert Miriam , Zeising Moritz , Käß Melissa , McPherson Rebecca , Suckow Björn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractScience communication is becoming increasingly important to connect academia and society, and to counteract fake news among climate change deniers. Online video platforms, such as YouTube, offer great potential for low-threshold communication of scientific knowledge to the general public. In April 2020 a diverse group of researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research launched the YouTube channel “Wissenschaft fürs Wohnzimmer” (translated to “Sitting Room Science”) to stream scientific talks about climate change and biodiversity every Thursday evening. Here we report on the numbers and diversity of content, viewers, and presenters from 2 years and 100 episodes of weekly livestreams. Presented topics encompass all areas of polar research, social issues related to climate change, and new technologies to deal with the changing world and climate ahead. We show that constant engagement by a group of co-hosts, and presenters from all topics, career stages, and genders enable a continuous growth of views and subscriptions, i.e. impact. After 783 days the channel gained 30,251 views and 828 subscribers and hosted well-known scientists while enabling especially early career researchers to improve their outreach and media skills. We show that interactive and science-related videos, both live and on-demand, within a pleasant atmosphere, can be produced voluntarily while maintaining high quality. We further discuss challenges and possible improvements for the future. Our experiences may help other researchers to conduct meaningful scientific outreach and to push borders of existing formats with the overall aim of developing a better understanding of climate change and our planet.
Interactions between supervised and reinforcement learning processes in a neurorobotic model
Authors: Capirchio Adriano , Ponte Chiara , Baldassarre Gianluca , Mannella Francesco , Pelosin Elisa , Caligiore Daniele 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeveral influential works propose that the acquisition of motor behavior involves different learning mechanisms in the brain, in particular supervised and reinforcement learning, that are respectively associated with cerebellar-thalamocortical and basal ganglia-thalamocortical networks. Despite increasing evidence suggesting anatomical and functional interactions between these circuits, the learning processes operating within them are studied in isolation, neglecting their strong interdependence. This article proposes a bio-inspired neurorobotic model implementing a possible cooperation mechanism between supervised and reinforcement learning. The model, validated with empirical data from healthy participants and patients with cerebellar ataxia, shows how the integration of the two learning processes could lead to benefit both learning performance and movement accuracy.
Procognitive and neurotrophic benefits of α5-GABA-A receptor positive allosteric modulation in a β-amyloid deposition model of Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Authors: Bernardo Ashley M. , Marcotte Michael , Wong Kayla , Sharmin Dishary , Pandey Kamal P. , Cook James M. , Sibille Etienne L. , Prevot Thomas D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractINTRODUCTIONReduced somatostatin (SST) and SST-expressing GABAergic neurons are well-replicated findings in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are associated with cognitive deficits. SST cells inhibit pyramidal cell dendrites through α5-GABA-A receptors (α5-GABAA-R). α5-GABAAR positive allosteric modulation (α5-PAM) has procognitive and neurotrophic effects in stress and aging models.METHODSWe tested whether α5-PAM (GL-II-73) could reverse cognitive deficits and neuronal spine loss in early and late stages of β-amyloid deposition in the 5xFAD model (N=48/study; 50% female).RESULTSAcute or chronic administration of GL-II-73 reversed spatial working memory in 5xFAD mice at 2 and 5 months of age. Chronic GL-II-73 treatment reversed 5xFAD-induced loss of spine density, spine count and dendritic length at both time points, despite β-amyloid accumulation.DISCUSSIONThese results demonstrate procognitive and neurotrophic effects of GL-II-73 in early and late stages of Alzheimer-related β-amyloid deposition. This suggests α5-PAM as a novel β-amyloid-independent symptomatic therapeutic approach.