bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and external validation of multivariable risk models to predict incident and resolved neuropathic pain: a DOLORisk Dundee study.
Authors: Hebert Harry L. , Veluchamy Abirami , Baskozos Georgios , Fardo Francesca , Ryckeghem Dimitri Van , Pearson Ewan R. , Colvin Lesley A. , Crombez Geert , Bennett David L. H. , Meng Weihua , Palmer Colin N. A. , Smith Blair H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Neuropathic pain is difficult to treat, and an understanding of the risk factors for its onset and resolution is warranted. This study aimed to develop and externally validate two clinical risk models to predict onset and resolution of chronic neuropathic pain. Participants of Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS; general Scottish population; n = 20,221) and Genetic of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland (GoDARTS; n = 5,236) were sent a questionnaire on neuropathic pain and followed-up 18 months later. Chronic neuropathic pain was defined using DN4 scores (≥ 3/7) and pain for three months or more. The models were developed in GS using logistic regression with backward elimination based on the Akaike information criterion. External validation was conducted in GoDARTS and assessed model discrimination (ROC and Precision-Recall curves), calibration, and clinical utility (decision curve analysis [DCA]). Analysis revealed incidences of neuropathic pain onset (6.0% in GS [236/3,903] and 10.7% in GoDARTS [61/571]) and resolution (42.6% in GS [230/540] and 23.7% in GoDARTS [56/236]). Psychosocial and lifestyle factors were included in both onset and resolved prediction models. In GoDARTS, these models showed adequate discrimination (ROC = 0.636 and 0.699), but there was evidence of miscalibration (Intercept = -0.511 and − 0.424; slope = 0.623 and 0.999). The DCA indicated that the models would provide clinical benefit over a range of possible risk thresholds. To our knowledge, these are the first externally validated risk models for neuropathic pain. The findings are of interest to patients and clinicians in the community, who may take preventative or remedial measures.
Psychometric Performance of the Subjective Memory Complain Scale Among Colombian Elders
Authors: Campo-Arias Adalberto , Reyes-Ortiz Carlos A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The Subjective Memory Complaint Scale (SMCS-15) is a 15-item instrument to explore frequent forgetfulness in daily life in people with possible cognitive impairment. However, knowledge about its psychometric performance is limited.
Objective
To know the dimensionality and internal consistency of the SMCS-15 in Colombian older adults.
Methods
A probabilistic sample of 1,957 older adults from the general Colombian population was taken, aged between 60 and 98 years (mean = 71.0 ± 7.9), and 62.2% were women. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega) and dimensionality (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) were calculated for the original and ten-item versions.
Results
The 15-item version showed Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega of 0.91 and one dimension that accounted for 45.3% of the variance. A version of ten items showed Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega of 0.89 and a single factor that explained 50.9% of the variance with better indicators in the confirmatory factor analysis. Convergence with the shortened Mini-Mental State Examination was rs=0.43 (p < 0.001), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test was rs=0.38 (p < 0.001). The nomological validity with the geriatric depression scale was rs=0.44 (p < 0.001), and women scored higher than men (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The SMCS-15 shows high internal consistency with poor dimensionality. However, a ten-item version shows high internal consistency and a clear one-dimensional structure. More research is needed.
Effectivity of Flunarizine in controlling acidosis induced headache
Authors: Datta Sagarika 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In my previous case report, I mentioned about the connection between metabolic acidosis and other diseases. Headache is one of the diseases mentioned in a female patient. For the patient, it was observed that acidosis is the indicator. Acidosis takes place first. There can be many reasons for metabolic acidosis. For this patient it was seen that, food is the trigger. With consistent disbalance in pH level in body it exhibits many symptoms like palpitations, altered mental status such as severe anxiety due to hypoxia, nausea, abdominal pain, altered appetite and weight gain, muscle weakness, bone pain, and joint pain. In acidosis the arterial carbon dioxide tension increases, and it can cross the blood-brain barrier and changes extravascular pH. Headache is trigger. Patient was treated with Pregabalin, Amitriptyline and Duloxetine combination. Frequency of headache was less but it was not stopped. Then patient was treated with CGRP receptor blocker subcutaneous injection but was not able to get rid of the throbbing head pain. On using Flunarizine (Sibelium 10 mg) the headache was stopped on 2 days of medicine taking. It helped in reducing allergy-like symptoms too. The effectivity of Flunarizine in controlling acidosis related headache is well proved.
Why do Chinese older adults in Hong Kong delay or refuse COVID-19 vaccination? A qualitative study based on Grounded Theory
Authors: Lam Wendy Wing Tak , Xiao Jingyi , Ni Michael Yuxuan , Cowling Benjamin John , Liao Qiuyan , YUAN Jiehu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Older adults have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. While COVID-19 vaccines are effective for reducing mortality and severe complications, vaccine hesitancy remains a substantial concern particularly among older adults.
Objective
This was a qualitative study to explore the psychological and contextual factors that contribute to Chinese older adults’ delay or refusal of COVID-19 vaccines.
Methods
Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 older adults aged ≥ 60 years who had never received COVID-19 vaccines. Grounded Theory approach guided the selection of informants, data collection, data analysis and report writing.
Results
Participants who delayed or refused COVID-19 vaccination exhibited a spectrum of vaccine-resistant and vaccine-hesitant attitudes which were weaved into the contexts of lacking decisional support from doctors, family and the government, and attitude roots of negative perception of ageing, fatalistic risk attitudes, low health literacy, present time perspective and negative values on western biomedicine, and reliance on the peripheral processing of vaccine-related information. While participants refused or delayed COVID-19 vaccination, they turned to alternative coping strategies to regain self-control in the pandemic.
Conclusions
Interventions to address vaccine hesitancy in older adults should focus on addressing attitude roots and strengthening the connectivity of older people with family, doctors, and government to engage older people in the vaccination decision making. Risk communication should shift to provide more personal relevant information in a caring style, meet older adults’ preference for peripheral information processing, and address their existing misperceptions about COVID-19 vaccines.
Performance Analysis of 3D M-Tier Heterogeneous Networks Using Adaptive Multistream Carrier Aggregation (AMCA)
Authors: M Rekha , Bhuvaneswari M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In recent days, Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) gaining enhances range of attention as the promising concept in mobile networking. Several cellular standards like Long Term Evolution (LTE) were introduced for the mobile devices that were not appropriate for lower range of data rate and low-power devices. For addressing these issues, a number of emerging standards are there that aims at addressing the previous cellular standards limitations and becomes a probable key enabling technology for future IoT applications. In this paper, a new-fangled next generation 3D HetNets model is proposed at which the various positions of cells in the network with the realistic constraints are described. An approach of Adaptive Multi-stream Carrier Aggregation (AMCA) is proposed for enhancing the bandwidth amount that is made available to the users for HetNets in the 5G cellular system. The 3D M-tier HetNet is being designed for the elimination of cross-tier interference and to escalate the energy efficiency of 3D HetNets. This method is employed for transmitting health care related data applications. Thus, the presented technique offers anonymous communication among patient and doctor in the wireless cellular network that satisfies efficiency. Therefore, the estimation of performance is made with respect to magnitude, energy efficiency and the phase response metrics, EVM, and absolute in-band emission for varied range of Carrier components (CCs).
Lernen in virtuellen Räumen
Authors: Hartmann Christian , Bannert Maria 
Published: April 2022

«Immersive Medien bzw. Lernumgebungen» (vgl. «virtual reality») bezeichnen technologiegestützte Anwendungen, die es Lernenden ermöglichen, einen virtuell erzeugten Raum realitätsnah zu erleben. Innerhalb der Lehr-Lern-Forschung wird immersiven Medien das Potenzial zugesprochen, Lernprozesse zu fördern. Jedoch konnten Studien bislang dieses Potenzial nicht hinreichend belegen. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags argumentieren wir, dass die heterogene Befundlage bisheriger Untersuchungen u. a. durch die Schwierigkeit erklärbar ist, das Lernen mit immersiven Medien theoretisch zu fassen. Wir adressieren diese Schwierigkeit im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags damit, die räumlich-situative Repräsentation episodischer Inhalte als Alleinstellungsmerkmal immersiver Medien herauszuarbeiten. Die Diskussion dieses Alleinstellungsmerkmals hinsichtlich potenzieller Effekte auf das Lernen macht deutlich, dass das Verhältnis zwischen exklusiven Merkmalen immersiver Medien und damit verbundenen Informationsverarbeitungsprozessen bisher nicht hinreichend durch theoretische Modelle erfasst wird. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, durch die Diskussion eines Alleinstellungsmerkmals immersiver Medien theoretische Beziehungen genauer abzubilden, sodass diese in künftigen Forschungsarbeiten besser zielgerichtet adressiert werden können.
Jar Tests for Water Treatment Optimisation
Authors: Pivokonský Martin , Novotná Kateřina , Čermáková Lenka , Petříček Radim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The book is intended as a handbook providing detailed instructions for the correct conducting of jar tests, which are needed for the optimisation of the coagulation/flocculation process. It contains the essential theoretical background of coagulation/flocculation, including a description of the influence of different parameters on the coagulation efficiency of various impurities (e.g. pH value and type/dose of coagulant), and floc properties and their separation (e.g. mixing intensity, mixing time, but also type/concentration of coagulant and impurities). The principle of jar tests is explained and parameters possible to optimize (i.e. coagulation pH, coagulant dose, flocculation aid dose, mixing intensity and mixing time) are discussed. Laboratory equipment for jar tests is proposed, including mixers and instructions for calculating a mixing intensity (necessarily expressed by the global shear rate/velocity gradient G). Mixing intensities for various purposes are recommended. Detailed practical instructions of how to perform jar tests follow, including a determination of the dose of reagents for pH adjustment and coagulant dose, dosing sequence, floc separation after jar tests by sedimentation and/or centrifugation simulating sand filtration, sampling, measuring necessary parameters (pH, coagulant residuals, alkalinity, residual impurity concentrations etc.), data recording, data processing and jar test evaluation (with specific examples). The handbook also contains a supplementary part with tables for conversion of the molar to mass concentration (and vice versa) of coagulants, and instructions for diluting coagulants and reagents for pH adjustment.
ISBN: 9781789062687 (paperback)
ISBN: 9781789062694 (eBook)
ISBN: 9781789062700 (ePUB)
Temporal stability of soil water content in typical paddy soil at Taihu Lake region of China
Authors: Chen Can , Zhu Hongxia , Dai Ziqiang , Cai Peng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Soil water content plays an important role in crop production, especially in the main rice production areas of China. The temporal stability of soil water content was studied in a paddy field of Taihu Lake region, southeast China. There were two treatments in this experiment, one was mulch with rice straw and the other was without mulch. Soil water content of the two treatments was monitored at the interval of 10 days by the Time Domain Reflectometer probes which were installed in situ, and measured both at 14 and 33 cm soil layers. The data were evaluated by temporal stability methods and Spearman's correlation. Results showed that mulching with rice straw proved to be efficient in retaining the soil water at the 14 cm soil layer. Based on the relative difference method, the representative positions of the experiment field were identified, which accurately represented the field-mean soil water at the experiment field was detected in terms of root mean square error, less than 2.18%. The Spearman's correlation values were high, which indicates temporal dependence along the experiment period. The data of soil water temporal stability could provide scientific basis for adequate water management in paddy field.
Dihydrochalcones as Antitumor Agents
Authors: De Luca Fabiola , Di Chio Carla , Zappalà Maria , Ettari Roberta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Dihydrochalcones are a class of secondary metabolites, possessing several biological
properties such as antitumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, estrogenic,
anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antiviral, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory
properties; therefore, they are currently considered promising candidates in the drug discovery
process. This review intends to debate their pharmacological actions with particular
attention to their antitumor activity against a panel of cancer cell lines and to the description
of the inhibition mechanisms of cell proliferation such as the regulation of angiogenesis,
apoptosis, etc.
Current Research Trends in Cytokine Storm: A Scientometric Study
Authors: Wang Qiang-Song , Cui Yuan-Lu , Wang Kun-Tang , Xu Dong , Wang Yi-Lun , Dong Xin-Ran , Tang Jie , Wang Yue , Qiao Tao , Zhang Han 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently rampant worldwide, resulting in unpredictable harm to humans. High blood levels of cytokines and chemokines have been marked in patients with COVID-19 infection, leading to cytokine storm syndrome. Cytokine storms are violent inflammatory immune responses that reveal the devastating effect of immune dysregulation and the critical role of an effective host immune response.

Methods:
Scientometric analysis summarizes the literature on cytokine storms in recent decades and provides a valuable and timely approach to tracking the development of new trends. This re-view summarizes the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases associated with cytokine storms com-prehensively based on scientometric analysis.

Results:
Field distribution, knowledge structure, and research topic evolution correlated with cyto-kine storms are revealed, and the occurrence, development, and treatment of disease relevant to cy-tokine storms are illustrated.

Conclusion:
Cytokine storms can be induced by pathogens and iatrogenic causes and can also occur in the context of autoimmune diseases and monogenic diseases as well. These reveal the multidisci-plinary nature of cytokine storms and remind the complexity of the pathophysiological features, clinical presentation, and management. Overall, this scientometric study provides a macroscopic presentation and further direction for researchers who focus on cytokine storms.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on LPS-Induced Septic
Encephalopathy and Associated Mechanism
Authors: Wang Jiabing , Jin Yong , Chen Yuan , Chi Miaomiao , Qiao Xinyu 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Sepsis frequently occurs in patients after infection and is highly associated
with death. Septic encephalopathy is characterized by dysfunction of the central nervous system, of
which the root cause is a systemic inflammatory response. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is a
severe disease that frequently occurs in children, resulting in high morbidity and mortality.

Objectives:
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of ginsenoside
Rg1 in response to septic encephalopathy.

Methods:
Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on septic encephalopathy were determined by cell viability,
cytotoxicity, ROS responses, apoptosis assays, and histological examination of the brain. Inflammatory
activities were evaluated by expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and MCP-1 using
qPCR and ELISA. Activities of signaling pathways in inflammation were estimated by the production
of p-Erk1/2/Erk1/2, p-JNK/JNK, p-p38/p38, p-p65/p65, and p-IkBα/IkBα using western blot.

Results:
LPS simulation resulted in a significant increase in cytotoxicity, ROS responses, and apoptosis
and a significant decrease in cell viability in CTX TNA2 cells, as well as brain damage in rats.
Moreover, the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and MCP-1 was reported to be significantly
stimulated in CTX TNA2 cells and the brain, confirming the establishment of in vitro and in vivo
models of septic encephalopathy. The damage and inflammatory responses induced by LPS were
significantly decreased by treatment with Rg1. Western blot analyses indicated that Rg1 significantly
decreased the production of p-Erk1/2/Erk1/2, p-JNK/JNK, p-p38/p38, p-p65/p65, and p-
IkBα/IkBα in LPS-induced CTX TNA2 cells and brain.

Conclusions:
These findings suggested that Rg1 inhibited the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling
pathways, which activate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The
findings of this study suggested that ginsenoside Rg1 is a candidate treatment for septic encephalopathy.
Solvent-free MALI-MGRE Procedure for Synthesizing 1,4-thiazolidin-4-
one MALI (Mercaptoacetic Acid Looking Imine) MGRE (Mechanical
Grinding Reaction Equipment)
Authors: da Silva Santos Jonas , Junior Joel Jones , da Silva Flavia Martins 
Published: April 2022

Background:
1,3-Thiazolidin-4-ones are heterocycles whose importance in the pharmaceutical market has already been established. Many of these synthetic derivatives, which contain a thiazolidinone nucleus, are currently used in various commercial formulations or are already in clinical trials for the treatment of disease for their anticonvulsant, antihypertensive and antidiabetic activities in addition to their activity against Streptomyces. 1,3-Thiazolidin-4-ones are produced mainly by cyclo condensation between an imine (generated in situ by the reaction of an aldehyde with an amine) and α-mercaptoacetic acid, known as the MALI (Mercaptoacetic Acid Looking Imine) reaction.

Objective:
A solvent-free methodology was developed to synthesize a 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one family by the MALI reaction. An apparatus was developed to grind a solid-liquid mixture of anilines, benzaldehydes and thioglycolic acid to activate the reaction. This apparatus was named MGRE (mechanical grinding reaction equipment).

Methods:
Substituted aniline 2 (4 mmol), substituted benzaldehyde 1 (4 mmol) and thioglycolic acid 3 (12 mmol) were placed in a mortar. The reagents were macerated using the MGRE at room temperature for a specified time period. At the end of the reaction, the product was poured into ice, the precipitate formed was neutralized (with 5% NaHCO3), and the solution was extracted in ethyl acetate and dried in MgSO4. The solid was recrystallized from MeOH/H2O.

Results:
The developed MGRE is a modification of a rod used in a mechanical stirrer. This adaptation is inexpensive and simple in construction, and it enables reactions to occur over long periods of time that would be exhaustive for manual grinding. Fifteen (1,3) thiazolidin-4-ones were produced. The products were synthesized using the solvent-free MALI-MGRE procedure.

Conclusions:
The MALI-MGRE methodology developed to produce 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones showed a good reaction scope, has an easy work-up and is solvent-free. Consequently, MALI-MGRE is classified as a green methodology. An innovation of this study is the construction of the MGRE, which involves modifying the rod in a mechanical stirrer. The equipment is easy and inexpensive to construct and may be useful for various reactions involving grinding.
Resorcinol Derivatives as Novel Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Kılınç Namık 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The polyol pathway, an alternative way of carbohydrate metabolism, is activated
by hyperglycemia. Aldose reductase (AR), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway, is
responsible for the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. Inhibiting the aldose reductase enzyme and reducing
the polyol pathway is considered an effective method to prevent and postpone the onset of diabetic complications.

Objective:
Therefore, in this work, we investigate the inhibition effects of certain resorcinol derivatives
and the positive control compound quercetin on the AR enzyme in vitro and in silico. These phenolic
compounds, whose inhibitory effects on the AR enzyme were investigated, were also compared with
known drugs in terms of their drug-like characteristics.

Methods:
Three methods were used to determine the inhibitory effects of resorcinol derivatives on recombinant
human AR enzyme. After the in vitro inhibition effects were determined spectrophotometrically,
the binding energy and binding modes were determined by molecular docking method. Finally, the
MM-GBSA method was used to determine the free binding energies of the inhibitors for the AR enzyme.

Results:
5-pentylresorcinol compound showed the strongest inhibition effect on recombinant human AR
enzyme with an IC50 value of 9.90 μM. The IC50 values of resorcinol, 5-methylresorcinol, 4-
ethylresorcinol, 4-hexylresorcinol, 2-methylresorcinol, and 2,5-dimethylresorcinol compounds were determined
as 49.50 μM, 43.31 μM, 19.25 μM, 17.32 μM, 28.87 μM, 57.75 μM, respectively.

Conclusion:
The results of this research showed that resorcinol compounds are effective AR inhibitors.
These findings are supported by molecular docking, molecular mechanics, and ADME investigations
undertaken to corroborate the experimental in vitro results.
Preeclampsia and Fetal Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Barros Tânia , Ferreira Bárbara D. , Moleiro Maria L. , Guedes-Martins Luís 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Endothelial dysfunction, impaired implantation and placental insufficiency have been identified as mechanisms behind the development of pre-eclampsia, resulting in angiogenic factors’ alteration. Angiogenic imbalance is also associated with congenital heart defects, and this common physiologic pathway may explain the association between them and pre-eclampsia. This review aims to understand the physiology shared by these two entities and whether women with pre-eclampsia have an increased risk of fetal congenital heart defects (or the opposite). The present research has highlighted multiple vasculogenic pathways associated with heart defects and preeclampsia, but also epigenetic and environmental factors, contributing both. It is also known that fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease have an increased risk of several comorbidities, including intrauterine growth restriction. Moreover, the impact of pre-eclampsia goes beyond pregnancy as it increases the risk for following pregnancies and for diseases later in life in both offspring and mothers. Given the morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions, it is of foremost importance to understand how they are related and its causative mechanisms. This knowledge may allow earlier diagnosis, an adequate surveillance or even the implementation of preventive strategies.