bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungsi Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan (BPKP) Berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 192 Tahun 2014
Authors: Fitri Irawan Nadia , Syarif Afif , Fitria Fitria 
Published: May 2022

Hasil Kewenangan Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan Berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 192 tahun 2014 tentang Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan. Pengawasan terhadap perencanaan dan pelaksanaan program dan/atau kegiatan yang dapat menghambat kelancaran pembangunan, audit atas penyesuaian harga, audit klaim, audit investigasi terhadap kasus-kasus penyimpangan yang berindikasi merugikan keuangan negara/daerah, audit penghitungan kerugian keuangan negara/daerah, pemberian keterangan ahli, dan upaya pencegahan korupsi. Bahwa untuk melaksanakan fungsi pengawasan sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 3 huruf e tersebut, sesuai Pasal 27 Perpres Nomor 192 Tahun 2014 dilakukan melalui Deputi Bidang Investigasi BPKP. yang berbunyi Deputi Bidang Investigasi melaksanakan tugas membantu Kepada di bidang pelaksanaan pengawasan kelancaran pembangunan termasuk program lintas sektoral, pencegahan korupsi, audit atas penyesuaian harga, audit klaim, audit investigatif terhadap kasus-kasus penyimpangan yang berindikasi merugikan keuangan negara, audit pengitungan kerugian keuangan negara dan pemberian keterangan ahli. Mekanisme Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan (BPKP) Menentukan Kerugian Keuangan Negara Berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 192 Tahun 2014 tentang BPKP. Kewenangan BPKP dalam peraturan perundang-undangan berdasar fungsi BPKP sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Pasal 3 huruf e maka BPKP termasuk lembaga yang berwenang melakukan penghitungan (penilaian) kerugian keuangan negara, khususnya BPKP juga berwenang penilaian kerugian keuangan negara dalam upaya pencegahan korupsi karena BPKP juga berwenang melakukan audit investigatif terhadap kasus-kasus yang berindikasi merugikan keuangan negara (korupsi). Apabila meninjau sumber wewenang yang dimiliki oleh BPKP, maka wewenang yang dimiliki oleh BPKP ini termasuk dalam wewenang delegatif.
Evaluación de la carga académica docente: génesis y evolución
Authors: Villalobos-Mora Alejandro 
Published: May 2022

La administración eficiente de los recursos públicos y del capital humano docente han sido temas de interés permanente en la Universidad de Costa Rica; empero, en una coyuntura presupuestaria enrevesada e incierta como la que enfrenta actualmente la Institución y, en general, el país, este tópico adquiere mayor relevancia y donde la evaluación de cargas académicas del profesorado se convierte en un instrumento vital para la toma de decisiones por parte de las autoridades superiores.
Avanzada la década de 1970, la administración universitaria implementó un sistema de evaluación permanente de las actividades asignadas al profesorado, mediante el cual se pretendía, además de sistematizar información objetiva y precisa respecto al quehacer de las unidades académicas, la dinámica institucional y el servicio brindado por la Universidad; determinar las necesidades presupuestarias relacionadas con la contratación de personal académico y, en el marco del contrato social que la Universidad mantiene con la sociedad costarricense, transparentar la gestión universitaria, robustecer el sistema institucional de control interno y coadyuvar en el proceso de rendición de cuentas.
A pesar de que el objetivo principal de la evaluación de las cargas académicas docentes no ha experimentado variaciones significativas en el tiempo, en el curso de su existencia, ha registrado importantes modificaciones operativas debido, principalmente, a tres elementos: la diversificación de las actividades realizadas por el personal académico; la incorporación gradual de la tecnología en el proceso evaluativo; y la modificación del marco normativo institucional que regula la asignación y administración de la carga académica docente, aspecto que, dada su relevancia, es repasado en este artículo, el cual, concomitantemente, pretende dilucidar algunos elementos conceptuales fundamentales para comprender esta evaluación y señalar la vinculación existente entre este ejercicio valorativo y el constructo de calidad educativa.
El problema: su importancia dentro de la gestión educativa
Authors: Catty Orellana-Guevara  
Published: May 2022

El ensayo presenta el problema como objeto de estudio debido a su incidencia dentro de las organizaciones. No obstante, para tratarlo, requiere ser comprendido, lo que conlleva todo un planteamiento que tiene como fin clarificar una situación. Razón por la cual se busca demostrar que el análisis del problema genera información suficiente para diseñar acciones de mejora, esto, usando como método la estrategia basada en problemas. Se concluye que la gestión educativa se sirve del conocimiento científico para conocer a profundidad los problemas, así como esclarecer el proceso que debe llevarse a cabo hacia la construcción de sus soluciones; por consiguiente, lograr la mejora en el funcionamiento institucional.
1002-P: Implementing Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Children with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: MANFREDO JACQUELYN A. , LIN TYGER L. , GUPTA RADHIKA , ABIOLA KAI , WEST MARGARET , BUSIN KELLY , TRACEY JULIA , BROWN ELIZABETH A. , MAGGE SHEELA N. , WOLF RISA M. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Continuous glucose monitor (CGM) is a widely accepted tool for managing glycemia in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) ; however, studies exploring its use in T2D in youth are limited.
Objective: Determine if a day trial use of CGM in youth with T2D improves short term and long term glycemic control as measured by time in range (TIR = percentage of time blood glucose is 70-180 mg/dL) , and 3 mo hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) , respectively.
Methods: Youth with T2D for more than 3 mos, on insulin therapy, with no prior CGM use were enrolled. Diabetes staff placed the CGM at the point of care and provided standardized education. At initial visit, HbA1c and demographic information were recorded. Participants received a 5 day and day follow up (FU) phone call from diabetes staff to review glucose and TIR data, with counseling and dose adjustments as needed. At 3 mos, HbA1c was recorded. We compared 5 day TIR and day TIR, and baseline and 3 mo HbA1c via paired t-test.
Results: Youth with T2D (n=35) enrolled had mean age of 15.9 y (SD 1.9 y) , 63% female, 83% black, and average diabetes duration of 1.8 y (SD 1.6 y) . A majority had household income &lt;$50K (63%) and parental education level of HS degree or less (68%) . Average 5 day TIR 48% was similar to day TIR 51% (p=0.28) . There was no change in HbA1c after 3 months (10.3% v 11.1%, p=0.39) . Only 18 participants completed the full day CGM use; those that did not cited device connection issues (3) , device fell off early (8) , device removed early due to irritation (3) or lost to FU (3) . Of the 18 youth who completed day CGM use and nursing FU calls, 78% wanted to use a CGM long term.
Conclusion: Although a trial CGM use over days did not impact short term or long term glycemic control in youth with T2D, most participants who completed the full days wanted to continue using CGM. Issues with device connectivity and adhesion were barriers to consistent device use. Future larger studies with longer use of CGM may help clarify the potential impact of CGM in youth with T2D.

Disclosure
J.A.Manfredo: None. R.M.Wolf: Consultant; NEMA Research, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc. T.L.Lin: None. R.Gupta: Consultant; Cabaletta Bio. K.Abiola: None. M.West: None. K.Busin: None. J.Tracey: None. E.A.Brown: None. S.N.Magge: None.

Funding
Johns Hopkins Childrens Center Innovation Award Dexcom (investigator-initiated support)
1012-P: Neighborhood Disadvantage, Childhood Opportunity Index, and Glycemic Control for Children with Type 1 Diabetes?
Authors: CORIELL MEGAN B. , JAWAD KAHIR S. , FEYGIN YANA B. , WATSON SARA , STEVENSON MICHELLE D. , WATTLES BETHANY A. , JONES VERONNIE F. , PORTER JENNIFER , DAVIS DEBORAH W. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Disparities in outcomes for children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are associated with poverty and race. However, little is known regarding the impact of systemic racism.
Objective: This aim of this study is to determine if neighborhood concentrated disadvantage index (NCDI) or Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) are associated with HbA1c and diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) in children ≤ 18 years of age with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: The retrospective secondary data analysis included data from children ≤ 18 years of age with a diagnosis of T1DM for ≥ 6 months seen in 2017 who reside in Kentucky (n=675) . NCDI scores were calculated based on the NIH PhenX Toolkit protocol. The tool was developed from a principal components analysis of six variables at the census tract level. COI was obtained from diversitydatakids.org. Univariate analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis test or Pearson’s correlation. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to to evaluate HbA1C and multivariate Poisson model was used for DKA.
Results: Prior to controlling for age, race, and insurance type, NCDI (p&lt;0.001) and COI (p&lt; 0.001) were significant predictors for HbA1c. For every 1 unit increase in COI, the predicted value of AIc level decreased by 8.66 (p=0.0004) . NCDI and COI were not significant when controlling for age, race, and insurance. NCDI and COI were not significant predictors of DKA episodes.
Conclusions: This study identified NCDI and COI as predictors of HbA1c in children and adolescents with T1DM only in univariate analysis. While NCDI and COI have been shown to correlate with structural racism, these findings suggest that more research is needed in larger and more diverse samples to disentangle the complex relationships among race, racism, and poverty. Understanding the mechanisms through which racism impacts outcomes for children with T1DM is essential to improving health equity.

Disclosure
M.B.Coriell: None. K.S.Jawad: None. Y.B.Feygin: None. S.Watson: None. M.D.Stevenson: None. B.A.Wattles: Research Support; Merck & Co., Inc. V.F.Jones: None. J.Porter: None. D.W.Davis: None.
1016-P: Equitable Glycemic Improvement in Youth with T1D during COVID-19
Authors: OJUKWU SANDO , ADAM ATIF , KAUSHAL TARA , TINSLEY LIANE J. , VOLKENING LISA K. , CHEN CHARLOTTE , LAFFEL LORI M. 
Published: May 2022

Aim: Despite disruptions caused by the COVID-pandemic, prior studies suggest some improvements in glycemic control. We investigated whether this improvement was equitable and seen across socioeconomic status (SES) groups in youth with T1D.
Method: Using EHR-extracted visit and CGM data, we geocoded patient addresses linked with census-tract derived education from the 20American Community Survey and a composite measure of SES, the Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI) . Analyses included youth ≤18 years old using CGM with T1D duration ≥6 months (age &lt;6 yrs) or ≥1 yr (age ≥6 yrs) . We performed t-tests and regressions comparing SES and CGM metrics during the pandemic (4/1/20-3/15/21) with pre-pandemic (4/1/19-3/15/20) .
Results: The pre-pandemic sample had 641 youth (52% female, age 12.5±3.5, T1D 6.2±3.5 yrs) and the pandemic sample had 650 youth (52% female, age 13.5±3.6, T1D 6.8±3.8 yrs) ; 86% were common to both samples. Addresses allowed for geocoding of 98%; 44% of youth lived in low education census tracts where ≥30% of adults in the census tract had no more than a high school education. Mean CGM-derived glucose management indicator (GMI) improved during the pandemic for both those living in lower (8.07±0.05% pre vs. 7.91±0.% during, p&lt;0.05) and higher SES education tracts (7.82±0.% pre vs. 7.69±0.% during) . There was similar improvement in GMI in lower vs. higher SES education tracts (0.16±.vs. 0.13±.06) . Other CGM metrics similarly improved during the pandemic, mean CGM glucose decreased by 6.7 mg/dL and 5.4 mg/dL in low and high SES education tract patients respectively (both p&lt;.05) . Those living in the most deprived NDI areas had the highest GMI both pre and during the pandemic (p&lt;0.05) and demonstrated similar or greater improvements than those from Iess deprived areas.
Conclusion: Equitable improvements in CGM metrics during the pandemic was evident in youth with T1D. Future studies can assess how changes in healthcare delivery during the pandemic can reduce disparities and sustain benefits to all patients.

Disclosure
S.Ojukwu: None. A.Adam: None. T.Kaushal: None. L.J.Tinsley: None. L.K.Volkening: None. C.Chen: None. L.M.Laffel: Advisory Panel; Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care, Consultant; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Dexcom, Inc., Dompé, Insulet Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk, Provention Bio, Inc.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (K12DK094721, P30DK036836)
102-LB: Retrospective Comparison of A1C between Hybrid Closed Loop Technology—Is There a Difference in Insulin Pump Type?
Authors: REH CHRISTINA S. , THOMPSON SAMANTHA 
Published: May 2022

Background: Insulin pumps with and without hybrid closed loop technology (HCL) are now mainstream in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) . These technologies are well known to improve diabetes glucose control, safety, and quality of life.
Objective: To determine if there is a difference in overall glucose control between the current FDA approved brands of pumps including those with HCL.
Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed at Children’s Hospital Orange County to assess subjects with T1D who upgraded a device during the study period of Jan. 2021 to Dec. 2021. Subjects were divided by brand of pump (Omnipod, Medtronic 670G and Tandem Control IQ) and further categorized by upgrade device type. A1c was documented at baseline and within 3 to 6 months after pump upgrade. Statistics performed with the sign test (exact method) for paired data and Wilcoxon rank sum test comparing difference in A1c at baseline and after upgrade.
Results: 125 subjects upgraded pumps in the study period. 84 subjects were included in the A1c analysis due to data availability. Subjects ranged in age from 5 to 24 years, 48% were female, and 83% used HCL. Most subjects chose to upgrade to Tandem Control IQ (73%) vs. Omnipod (16%) or Medtronic 770G (11%) . Difference in pre-A1c to post-A1c of subjects who upgraded from Medtronic 670G [ A1c 7.9% (7.2-8.7) ] to Tandem Control IQ [A1c 7.3% (6.95-7.7) ] was statistically significant (p&lt;0.0003) . Although other groups had mild changes in A1c, they did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusions: The majority of subjects preferred Tandem Control IQ HCL technology to other FDA approved devices. Tandem Control IQ showed significant improvement in A1c compared to Medtronic 670G in clinical practice. Further research is needed to determine if changes in A1c are sustained overtime.

Disclosure
C. S. Reh: None. S. Thompson: Other Relationship; Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc.
1020-P: Racial Disparity in Glycemic Outcome during Real-World Use of an Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System (AHCL) among Youth with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
Authors: CHRISTAKIS NICHOLAS J. , CHALEW STUART 
Published: May 2022

Background: African-American (AA) youth with T1D consistently have higher A1c than White (W) patients, even when using open-loop insulin pumps. AHCL technology utilizes glucose sensor data to guide automatic adjustments of insulin by the pump to mitigate hyper and hypoglycemia. Potentially AHCL could reduce or eliminate disparity in glycemic outcome.
Methods and Results: We performed a chart review of patients using Tandem Control IQ. trained in its use by the manufacturer’s rep and then followed routinely in clinic (n=62) . 9 patients self identified as AA, A1c=9.2%±1; 37 identified as W, A1c=8.23%±1.5. 6 AA patients and 27 W had used AHCL &gt; 60 days and had follow up data. There was statistical and clinically significant reduction in A1c (-1.0%±1.4, p=0.0016) for W patients but not AA. AA patients had higher A1c and sMBG with lower TIU during AHCL use than W patients. (See table below) .

Conclusions: Clinically significant disparity in glycemic outcome persists between AA and W youth during real world use of AHCL. Although this initial report has a relatively small number of participants, the glycemic disparity is consistent with many prior studies using older insulin delivery methods. We conclude that AHCL technology by itself may not be sufficient to overcome racial disparity in glycemic outcome. Additional innovations and support may be required for high-risk patients.

Disclosure
N.J.Christakis: None. S.Chalew: Advisory Panel; Medtronic.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (U54GM1O4940) National Institutes of Health (1R21DK118643-O1A1)
1022-P: Youth from High-Poverty Neighborhoods Demonstrate Higher HbA1c within Year after Diagnosis of T1D
Authors: TREMBLAY ELISE S. , LIU ENJU , LAFFEL LORI M. 
Published: May 2022

Background: T1D management and control in the year after diagnosis often establish long-term patterns for pediatric patients. Disparities in HbA1c based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) are documented in the pediatric literature; yet there is limited description of the timeline in which these disparities appear.
Study Design: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with T1D at a tertiary children’s hospital between 1/1/16 and 2/20/20 who received follow-up care for at least 1 year. Using zip-code level geocoding, we obtained community-level SES data based on American Community Survey (ACS) measures and classified patients according to the percent of families in census tract living in poverty, defined as 200% of the federal poverty level (FPL) .
Results: Of 758 patients, 15.6% (median, IQR 10.53, 24.01) of households were living in poverty; poor patients were defined as those in the upper quartile (&gt;24.0% of households living below 200% of FPL) and rich patients in the lower quartile (&lt;10.5%) . Patients from households in poor communities had higher HbA1c levels compared with their rich counterparts from baseline to 1-year post-diagnosis, although statistical differences emerged after 9 months between poor vs. rich groups: baseline 11.5% vs. 11.2%, p=0.10; 3 months 7.4% vs. 7.3%, p=0.62; 6 months 7.5% vs. 7.3%, p=0.24) ; 9 months 8.1% vs. 7.6%, p=0.01; and 1 year 8.2% vs. 7.8%, p=0.05.
Discussion: These data highlight the early origin of disparities in glycemic control in pediatric patients with T1D based on community-level SES. Understanding the time course of these disparate outcomes helps to inform the need for early intervention, particularly in low-income groups, to provide support likely needed to optimize glycemic control and long-term health outcomes. Further research can assess the overlapping axes of disparities that include race, ethnicity, and education level.

Disclosure
E.S.Tremblay: None. E.Liu: None. L.M.Laffel: Advisory Panel; Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care, Consultant; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Dexcom, Inc., Dompé, Insulet Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk, Provention Bio, Inc.

Funding
NIDDK (K12DK094721)
103-OR: Coronary Plaque and Stenosis across Glycemic States among Asymptomatic Adults: The Miami Heart Study at Baptist Health South Florida
Authors: PATEL KERSHAW , CAINZOS-ACHIRICA MIGUEL , VALERO-ELIZONDO JAVIER , ALI SHOZAB S. , SHAPIRO MICHAEL D. , PANDEY AMBARISH , ARIAS LARA L. , BUDOFF MATTHEW , NASIR KHURRAM 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-DM are associated with elevated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. However, characterization of coronary plaque and stenosis across glycemic states among asymptomatic adults has not been fully evaluated.
Methods: Adults enrolled in the community-based Miami Heart Study with available data on glycemic status and coronary CTA were included. Among individuals with DM, pre-DM, and euglycemia, the prevalence of coronary plaque (any, any non-calcified, any high-risk) and stenosis ≥50% was assessed overall and stratified by coronary artery calcium (CAC) categories (0, 1-99, ≥100) .
Results: Among 2,359 participants (49.6% women, 47.0% Hispanic/Latino) , the prevalence of DM, pre-DM, and euglycemia was 7%, 30%, and 63%, respectively. Participants with DM had the highest prevalence of any plaque (68%) followed by those with prediabetes (58%) and euglycemia (43%) . A similar graded association was observed across glycemic states with other plaque features and stenosis ≥50% (Figure) . In analyses stratified by baseline CAC burden, the prevalence of plaque features and stenosis ≥50% was low in those with CAC zero.
Conclusions: Among asymptomatic individuals from the general US population, worse glycemic status is associated with greater burden of coronary atherosclerosis and high-risk features.

Disclosure
K.Patel: None. M.Cainzos-achirica: None. J.Valero-elizondo: None. S.S.Ali: None. M.D.Shapiro: Advisory Panel; Amgen Inc., ESPERION Therapeutics, Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Consultant; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. A.Pandey: Advisory Panel; Lilly, Consultant; Tricog, Research Support; Applied Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences, Inc. L.L.Arias: None. M.Budoff: Research Support; Amarin Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Speaker's Bureau; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Lilly. K.Nasir: Advisory Panel; Novartis AG, Novo Nordisk, Research Support; ESPERION Therapeutics, Inc., Novartis AG, Speaker's Bureau; Amgen Inc.
1034-P: No “Honeymoon” for Youth, in Particular Blacks, Diagnosed with Diabetes during the First Year of the COVID-Pandemic
Authors: MKPARU NKEIRUKA , COSTACOU TINA , BARINAS-MITCHELL EMMA , LIBMAN INGRID 
Published: May 2022

Racial differences at onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in youth during the COVID-pandemic have been documented in the US. Limited data are available in type 2 diabetes (T2D) . No data are available to our knowledge at follow up (FU) . We compared characteristics at onset and 1 year FU in white vs. black children diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) in 2020 at a large pediatric academic center. A total of 276 youth (53% male, 81% white, mean age at onset 10.8±4.5 years, mean HbA1c 12.1±2.7%, 45% with BMI ≥ 85th percentile, 43% presenting in DKA) , were identified via retrospective chart review. 78% were diagnosed with T1D, 21% with T2D and 1% with MODY. Age (10.8±3.9 vs. 10±4.5 years, p=0.5) , prevalence of BMI ≥ 85thile (47 vs. 28%, p=0.12) and mean HbA1c (12.3±2.5 vs. 12.1±2.7, p=0.84) were similar in blacks vs. whites at onset of T1D. In those diagnosed with T2D, blacks compared to whites had a higher mean HbA1c (11.9±2.9 vs. 9.7±2.3%, p=0.04) as well as prevalence of DKA (26 vs. 0% respectively, p=0.02) . Characteristics at 1 year FU by race and type of DM are presented below.

A year after onset, 2/3 of youth with T1D and half with T2D had HbA1c above target, more commonly in blacks, in spite of ˜ 90% of our patients having FU, albeit virtually, during the pandemic. Further research is needed to explore the reasons for the disparities and interventions should be implemented to improve DM control in youth diagnosed during the pandemic.

Disclosure
N.Mkparu: None. T.Costacou: None. E.Barinas-mitchell: None. I.Libman: Consultant; Novo Nordisk.