bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal dynamic reinsurance with worst-case default of the reinsurer
Authors: Korn Ralf , Müller Lukas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider the optimization problem of a large insurance company that wants to maximize the expected utility of its surplus through the optimal control of the proportional reinsurance. In addition, the insurer is exposed to the risk of default of its reinsurer at the worst possible time, a setting that is closely related to a scenario of the Swiss Solvency Test.
Influence of stress wave-induced disturbance on ultra-low friction in broken blocks
Authors: Li Liping , Zhang Haitao , Pan Yishan , Ju Xiangyu , Tang Lei , Li Minghui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeep rock mass tends to be broken into blocks when mining for materials deep below the surface. The rock layer of the roof of the mine can be regarded as a system of blocks of fractured rock mass. When subjected to high ground stress and mining-induced disturbance, the effect of the ultra-low friction of the block system easily becomes apparent, and can induce rock burst and other accidents. By taking the block of rock mass as research object, this study developed a test system for ultra-low friction to experimentally examine its effects on the broken blocks under stress wave-induced disturbance. We used the horizontal displacement of the working block as the characteristic parameter reflecting the effect of ultra-low friction, and examine its characteristic laws of horizontal displacement, acceleration, and energy when subjected to the effects of ultra-low friction by changing the frequency and amplitude of the stress wave-induced disturbance. The results show that the frequency of stress wave-induced disturbance is related to the generation of ultra-low friction in the broken block. The frequency of disturbance of the stress wave is within 1–3 Hz, and significantly increases the maximum acceleration and horizontal displacement of the broken blocks. The greater the intensity of the stress wave-induced disturbance is, the higher is the degree of block fragmentation, and the more likely are effects of ultra-low friction to occur between the blocks. The greater the intensity of the horizontal impact load is, the higher is the degree of fragmentation of the rock mass, and the easier it is for the effects of ultra-low friction to occur. Stress wave-induced disturbance and horizontal impact are the main causes of sliding instability of the broken blocks. When the dominant frequency of the kinetic energy of the broken block is within 20 Hz, the effects of ultra-low friction are more likely.
Akzeptanz gesellschaftlicher Diversität durch junge Muslim:innen und Christ:innen in Abhängigkeit der Stärke der Religiosität und interreligiöser Kontakte
Authors: Zimmer Veronika , Stein Margit 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag bietet, gestützt auf eine quantitative Fragebogenbefragung, einen Überblick über die Einstellungen junger Erwachsener (n = 1090) zwischen 18 und 24 Jahren muslimischen (13 %) und christlichen (68 %) Glaubens zur gesellschaftlichen Diversität operationalisiert über die Akzeptanz anderer Personengruppen wie insbesondere Personen verschiedenen ethnischen Hintergrundes und unterschiedlicher Zuwanderungsgeschichten, diverser religiöser Zugehörigkeiten sowie sexueller Orientierungen. Die Analyse der Daten erfolgt in Abhängigkeit der soziokulturellen Herkunft (Religionszugehörigkeit, Stärke der Religiosität, Migrationshintergrund), der sozioökonomischen Lebenslagen (eigener und elterlicher Bildungshintergrund) sowie interreligiöser und interethnischer Kontakte und Freundschaften.Die Befragung zeigt, dass die Religionszugehörigkeit, die Stärke der Religiosität und die religiöse Zusammensetzung des Freundeskreises in stärkerem Maße als etwa der Migrationshintergrund oder die schulische Bildung Vorurteilsstrukturen gegenüber bestimmten Gruppen wie etwa gegenüber Homosexuellen determinieren. Interreligiöse und interethnische Begegnungen insbesondere in der Nachbarschaft und im erweiterten Freundeskreis stehen in positivem Zusammenhang mit der Diversitätsakzeptanz. Beispielweise sind Vorurteile gegenüber zugewanderten Familien bei jungen Erwachsenen christlichen Hintergrundes bei Freundschaften mit jungen Muslim:innen reduziert. Junge Muslim:innen mit Kontakten zu jungen Menschen christlicher Prägung haben wiederum geringere Ressentiments gegenüber Homosexuellen als Muslim:innen ohne interreligiöse Kontakte. In einem Fazit werden entsprechende Möglichkeiten diskutiert, Diversitätsakzeptanz als Konstrukt noch zielgenauer sozialwissenschaftlich zu erfassen und zu fördern sowie interreligiöse Begegnungskontexte im organisationalen Rahmen so zu gestalten, dass positive Beziehungen angestoßen und Vorurteile gegenüber anderen Personengruppen abgebaut werden.
Efficacy of agro-industrial wastes on the weed control, nutrient uptake, growth, and yield of onion crop (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Shehata Said A. , El-Metwally Ibrahim M. , Abdelgawad Karima F. , Elkhawaga Fathia A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurpose Two field experiments were conducted to examine the efficacy of orange peel waste (ORPW), olive oil processing waste (OLPW), and mango leaf waste (MLW) as aqueous extracts or soil mulches on growth, yield, and bulb quality response; nutrient uptake; and weed control. Methods The treatments were aqueous extracts (ORPW20%, OLPW30%, and MLW30%) alone or mixed with half a dose of oxyfluorfen herbicide (938 ml ha−1, ½OXYF, the recommended dose is 1875 ml ha−1), soil mulching with orange peel waste, mango leaves, olive oil waste, and rice straw (ORPWM, OLPWM, MLW, and RSM, respectively) at 10 tons ha−1, hoeing, oxyfluorfen herbicide (at 938 and 1875 ml ha−1), and unweeded control treatment. Results The highest weed control efficacy, at 100 days after transplanting, was found in the ORPW20% + ½OXYF (89%), hoeing (88.3%), and ORPWM (88%) treatments. The ORPW20% + ½OXYF and hoeing treatments also showed the highest ability in saving N, P, K, Zn, Mn, and Fe nutrients, without significant differences from the MLW30% + ½OXYF and ORPWM treatments. The ORPW20% + ½OXYF, ORPWM, MLWM, and MLW30% + ½OXYF treatments significantly increased marketable onion bulb yield by 100.6%, 93.9%, 92.1%, and 89%, respectively, without significant difference from hoeing treatment (102.3%). Conversely, the increase of marketable bulb yield in the RSM, OLPWM, and OLPW30% + ½OXYF treatments was 85.4%, 83.5%, and 78.7%, respectively, statistically equaled that obtained from OXYF treatment (79.3%). Conclusion It was concluded that ORPW and MLW as aqueous extracts mixed with ½OXYF herbicide or as soil mulches could be used in controlling weeds and increasing onion crop yield and bulb quality.
Monitoring event-driven dynamics on Twitter: a case study in Belarus
Authors: Rice Natalie M. , Horne Benjamin D. , Luther Catherine A. , Borycz Joshua D. , Allard Suzie L. , Ruck Damian J. , Fitzgerald Michael , Manaev Oleg , Prins Brandon C. , Taylor Maureen , Bentley R. Alexander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnalysts of social media differ in their emphasis on the effects of message content versus social network structure. The balance of these factors may change substantially across time. When a major event occurs, initial independent reactions may give way to more social diffusion of interpretations of the event among different communities, including those committed to disinformation. Here, we explore these dynamics through a case study analysis of the Russian-language Twitter content emerging from Belarus before and after its presidential election of August 9, 2020. From these Russian-language tweets, we extracted a set of topics that characterize the social media data and construct networks to represent the sharing of these topics before and after the election. The case study in Belarus reveals how misinformation can be re-invigorated in discourse through the novelty of a major event. More generally, it suggests how audience networks can shift from influentials dispensing information before an event to a de-centralized sharing of information after it.
A review of DEMO reactor concepts: open questions and issues
Authors: Hong Suk-Ho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo solve climate change and to achieve the “2050 carbon neutrality,” fusion energy has to contribute to the power grid as soon as possible. Nonetheless, DEMO reactor concepts proposed so far were focused on producing 1 GW electricity with the best plasma performances and a very effective power conversion rate deduced by simple 0D/1D system codes. There are open questions and issues about how fusion energy would contribute to the electricity market timely. This paper asks questions and issues on the construction and operation of a DEMO reactor such as (1) identity, (2) net electricity output, (3) construction cost, and (4) public acceptance of fusion energy. Those questions are not simple to answer, but they must be clarified very soon. To achieve the 2050 carbon neutrality in time, a two-pathway approach towards the realization of fusion energy is suggested, and a conclusion is given.
Concerns About Internal Erectile Prostheses Among Transgender Men Who Have Undergone Phalloplasty
Authors: Boskey Elizabeth R. , Mehra Geetika , Jolly Divya , Ganor Oren 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundTransgender men who undergo gender-affirming phalloplasty have limited options for attaining sufficient rigidity for sexual penetration.AimThe goal of this study was to understand interest in and concerns about internal erectile prostheses among transgender men who had undergone phalloplasty.MethodsAs part of a pilot study of an external erectile device, transgender men (n = 15) were surveyed about their interest in, and concerns about, getting an internal prosthesis. Descriptive analyses were performed for structured questions and content analysis was used to analyze open responses.OutcomesMeasured outcomes included closed- and open-ended questions assessing patient attitudes about internal erectile prostheses.ResultsBefore starting the study, approximately half the men stated they were interested in getting an internal device, 20% said they weren’t, and 33% said they didn’t know. More than half of this postphalloplasty population stated they were somewhat or very concerned about the need for additional surgery (73%), side effects (pain, damage to the phallus; 100%), and the risk of device failure (100%). An additional 47% stated they were somewhat or very concerned about cost and 33% stated they were somewhat or very concerned about finding a surgeon.Clinical ImplicationsThere is a need to develop appropriate alternatives to current internal prostheses for penetrative function after phalloplasty.Strengths & LimitationsGeneralizability of results is limited by the fact that data are from men who had enrolled in a pilot study to test an external erectile prosthesis, and as such were explicitly interested in exploring nonsurgical alternatives to attain an erection. The combination of quantitative and qualitative data demonstrates that transgender men’s concerns about internal prostheses are grounded in the current evidence.ConclusionTransgender men who have undergone phalloplasty have substantial concerns about the risks of getting an internal prosthesis and there is significant interest in alternatives to current devices.
Analysis and modelling of airport resilience, robustness, and vulnerability: impact of COVID-19 pandemic disease
Authors: Janić M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAirports have been frequently affected by different internal and external disruptive events, which generally deteriorated their planned/regular performances. Their resilience is defined as the ability to withstand and maintain a certain level of functionality of performances compared to their reference regular/planned level during the impact of disruptive events and to recover reasonably rapidly afterwards. Robustness is defined as the level of saved functionality of performances compared to their planned/regular level, enabling continuous operations during the impact of disruptive events. The level of deteriorated functionality compared to that of the planned/regular functionality of performances represents their vulnerability. This paper develops a methodology for assessing resilience, robustness and vulnerability of airports affected by a given disruptive event(s). The methodology consists of analytical models of indicators of operational, economic, social and environmental performances of airports and other main actors/stakeholders involved. These indicators are used as figures-of-merit in analytical models for assessing their cumulative and time-dependent resilience, robustness, and vulnerability. The methodology is applied to assess resilience, robustness and vulnerability of two large airports – LHR (London Heathrow, UK) and NYC JFK (John F. Kennedy, US) – affected by a global and lasting external disruptive event – the COVID-19 pandemic disease. Based on the indicators of operational and economic performances, the results indicate very low resilience and robustness and very high vulnerability of both airports and their other main actors/stakeholders involved. Their resilience and robustness based on the indicators of social and environmental performances were not substantively different from the corresponding vulnerability. In absolute terms, LHR airport has been affected stronger than its NYC JFK counterpart. Savings in costs/externalities during the observed period under the given conditions have modestly compensated for total losses of both airports and their main actors/stakeholders involved.
Statues, History, and Identity: How Bad Public History Statues Wrong
Authors: ABRAHAMS DANIEL 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere has recently been a focus on the question of statue removalism. This concerns what to do with public history statues that honor or otherwise celebrate ethically bad historical figures. The specific wrongs of these statues have been understood in terms of derogatory speech, inapt honors, or supporting bad ideologies. In this paper I understand these bad public history statues as history and identify a distinctive class of public history-specific wrongs. Specifically, public history plays an important identity-shaping role, and bad public history can commit specifically ontic injustice. Understanding bad public history in terms of ontic injustice helps understand not just how to address bad public history statues, but also the value of public history more broadly.
Prospective Evaluation of Health Communication Effects on Market Outcomes
Authors: Summers Rosemarie L. , Wood Dallas W. , Lew Nellie , Karns Shawn A. , Muth Mary K. , Nardinelli Clark , Peckham Janet G. , Wolff Carolyn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPartial equilibrium models have been used extensively by policy makers to prospectively determine the consequences of government programs that affect consumer incomes or the prices consumers pay. However, these models have not previously been used to analyze government programs that inform consumers. In this paper, we develop a model that policy makers can use to quantitatively predict how consumers will respond to risk communications that contain new health information. The model combines Bayesian learning with the utility-maximization of consumer choice. We discuss how this model can be used to evaluate information policies; we then test the model by simulating the impacts of the North Dakota Folic Acid Educational Campaign as a validation exercise.
Facilitating big-data management in modern business and organizations using cloud computing: a comprehensive study
Authors: Qi Wenhao , Sun Meng , Hosseini Seyed Reza Aghaseyed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModern digital life has produced big data in modern businesses and organizations. To derive information for decision-making from these enormous data sets, a lot of work is required at several levels. The storage, transmission, processing, mining, and serving of big data create problems for digital domains. Despite several efforts to implement big data in businesses, basic issues with big data remain (particularly big-data management (BDM)). Cloud computing, for example, provides companies with well-suited, cost-effective, and consistent on-demand services for big data and analytics. This paper introduces the modern systems for organizational BDM. This article analyzes the latest research to manage organization-generated data using cloud computing. The findings revealed several benefits in integrating big data and cloud computing, the most notable of which is increased company efficiency and improved international trade. This study also highlighted some hazards in the sophisticated computing environment. Cloud computing has the potential to improve corporate management and accountants' jobs significantly. This article's major contribution is to discuss the demands, advantages, and problems of using big data and cloud computing in contemporary businesses and institutions.
Sodium, added sugar and saturated fat intake in relation to mortality and CVD events in adults: Canadian National Nutrition Survey linked with vital statistics and health administrative databases
Authors: Jessri Mahsa , Hennessey Deirdre , Bader Eddeen Anan , Bennett Carol , Zhang Zefeng , Yang Quanhe , Sanmartin Claudia , Manuel Douglas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether higher intakes of Na, added sugars and saturated fat are prospectively associated with all-cause mortality and CVD incidence and mortality in a diverse population. The nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition 2004 was linked with the Canadian Vital Statistics – Death Database and the Discharge Abstract Database (2004–2011). Outcomes were all-cause mortality and CVD incidence and mortality. There were 1722 mortality cases within 115 566 person-years of follow-up (median (interquartile range) of 7·48 (7·22–7·70) years). There was no statistically significant association between Na density or energy from saturated fat and all-cause mortality or CVD events for all models investigated. The association of usual percentage of energy from added sugars and all-cause mortality was significant in the base model with participants consuming 11·47 % of energy from added sugars having 1·34 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·77) times higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with those consuming 4·17 % of energy from added sugars. Overall, our results did not find statistically significant associations between the three nutrients and risk of all-cause mortality or CVD events at the population level in Canada. Large-scale linked national nutrition datasets may not have the discrimination to identify prospective impacts of nutrients on health measures.
Effect of cold storage on development and demographic parameters ofScolothrips longicornisfed on two-spotted spider mite
Authors: Pakyari Hajar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCold storage effects on the female predatory thripsScolothrips longicornisPriesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) fed onTetranychus urticaeKoch eggs for different time periods (5, 10, 20 and, 30 days) at 5 or 25 °C (control) on development and life table parameters were examined. Female adult duration and female total longevity were not influenced by the period of cold storage. The minimum mean female total longevity (28.1 ± 0.32 day) was observed in the 30-day treatment. The oviposition period decreased with increasing cold storage duration. All life table parameters ofS. longicornisdemonstrated a significant difference across treatments. Our results demonstrated that the female adult ofS. longicorniscould be maintained at 5 °C for 5-days with minimal reduction in the life-history process. This would be beneficial in the storage and mass production ofS. longicornisin biocontrol programs involvingT. urticae.
Shareholder Litigation and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Freund Steven , Nguyen Nam H. , Phan Hieu V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research examines the relation between shareholder litigation and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Exploiting exogenous changes in shareholder litigation rights following the staggered adoption of universal demand laws by U.S. states and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals’ ruling on securities class action lawsuits, we show that weaker shareholder litigation rights lead to lower CSR scores. Moreover, the relation is stronger for firms facing higher litigation risk, and a decreased CSR score enhances firm value. Our evidence suggests that firms engage in CSR activities partly to reduce shareholder litigation risk ex ante and mitigate its consequences ex post.
Effect of the nasal airflow inducing manoeuvre on olfaction and quality of life after laryngectomy
Authors: Subbaraj R , Mathews S S , Bedford S , Michael R C , Albert R R A , Rupa V 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of the nasal airflow inducing manoeuvre or ‘polite yawn’ technique in improving olfaction and quality of life in laryngectomised patients.MethodsUsing a prospective study design, 42 patients scheduled to undergo laryngectomy at a tertiary care centre were subjected to olfaction testing before surgery and two weeks following the surgery. The nasal airflow inducing manoeuvre was taught, and the olfaction test was repeated with the patient performing the nasal airflow inducing manoeuvre. Quality of life was assessed using the Appetite, Hunger and Sensory Perception questionnaire with calculation of scores after the patient had learnt the nasal airflow inducing manoeuvre.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the composite olfaction score, from a mean (standard deviation) baseline value of 4.01 (1.39) to 0.44 (0.51), two weeks after surgery (p < 0.001). After practising the nasal airflow inducing manoeuvre, the olfaction scores increased to 3.05 (1.32) (p < 0.001). Appetite, Hunger and Sensory Perception questionnaire scores ranged from 52 to 110 (normal range, 29–145), suggesting an improvement in the quality of life of patients.ConclusionThe nasal airflow inducing manoeuvre, an inexpensive, simple, patient-friendly manoeuvre, can be used in the olfaction rehabilitation of patients undergoing laryngectomy.
A Mongol-Mughal lens on religion and empire in Eurasian history: An introduction
Authors: Elverskog Johan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article introduces this special volume on the Mughal policy of sulh-i kull by situating the collection of articles in relation to broader developments across Eurasia.
The Catholic inquisitors of Europe who defended nonsense by cruelty,might have been confounded by the example of a barbarian,who anticipated the lessons of philosophy and established by his lawsa system of pure theism and perfect toleration…a singular conformitymay be found between the religious laws of Zingis Khan and Mr. Locke.—Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire1In a word, the question is no longer whether Jesus was firstcrucified and then resurrected, but how it came to pass that so many humanstoday believe in the Crucifixion and Resurrection.—Marc Bloch, ‘The Idol of Origins’2