bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Археологический контекст погребений с древнейшей чумой Михайловского II курганного могильника в степном Поволжье
Authors: Кондрашин Виталий Викторович , Иванова Наталья Владимировна , Хохлов Александр Александрович , Цибин Виктор Александрович 
Published: April 2022

В 2018 году генетиками был представлен итог специального исследования, проведённого в рамках изучения проблемы происхождения и эволюции Yersinia pestis – бубонный чумы. Как оказалось, наиболее древний из известных на сегодняшний день образцов штамма данного вируса происходит из погребений курганного могильника Михайловский II, расположенного в Самарской области. Раскопки трёх курганов этого памятника, проведённые в 2015 году, выявили материалы начального этапа эпохи поздней бронзы, связанного в степном Поволжье с покровским типом срубной культурно-исторической общности. В настоящей статье публикуются погребальные комплексы курганов 2, 3, 7, три из которых (курган 3, погребения 2, 5, 9), собственно, и содержали останки с образцами генов штамма Yersinia pestis. Вместе с описаниями погребений и погребального инвентаря из раскопанной части Михайловского II курганного могильника приводятся данные по технологии изготовления керамики, а также результаты антропологических исследований. Факт обнаружения древнейшей формы чумы в материалах срубной культуры, возможно, добавляет ещё один аспект в круг вопросов, связанных с изучением позднего бронзового века Евразии.
Producciones subjetivas emergentes en la experiencia de la sexualidad en Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres de la ciudad Cali: familia y estigma.
Authors: Reyes Sevillano Wilmar Hernán , Pérez Arizabaleta María Del Mar , Orejuela Gomez Johnny , Moncayo Quevedo Jorge Eduardo 
Published: April 2022

Las cifras sobre el VIH exponen la ralentización de las nuevas infecciones. No obstante, pese a lo anterior, este virus continúa siendo una alarma de salud pública a nivel mundial. Por esta razón, ONUSIDA, bajo la estrategia 2016-2021, concentra acciones para la población vulnerable al VIH, tal como los hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres (HSH). Interesados en conocer sobre las prácticas sexuales de este tipo de población, el presente artículo plantea como objetivo describir las producciones subjetivas asociadas a la experiencia de la sexualidad en HSH de la ciudad Cali, considerando el papel de la familia y el estigma[1]. Esto por medio de un estudio cualitativo, en el cual se aplicaron entrevistas en profundidad a una muestra de 12 Hombres que tienen sexo con Hombres en la ciudad de Cali. Como resultados se exponen que: la noticia sobre la orientación sexual produce una división subjetiva en los miembros de la familia, cuya manifestación emocional oscila entre la tristeza, la desilusión, la frustración y enojo, esto en la medida en que se considera que la decisión cuestiona las pautas de crianza y los discursos asumidos como legítimos. Una vez se supera el malestar subjetivo y el duelo que le asiste, los familiares quedan frente a dos caminos posibles de acción: la aceptación que redunda en apoyo, protección y acompañamiento, o la violencia simbólica o directa anudada a los estigmas y el rechazo. Las respuestas de los familiares organizan la acción de los sujetos puesto que producen posicionamientos subjetivos. No obstante, dado que discursos y prácticas no siempre coinciden, tanto las conductas de riesgo, como las de autocuidado están sujetas al significado dado a la experiencia.

[1] El presente articulo representa un avance de la investigación titulada “Sentidos construidos alrededor del uso del condón en relación con el VIH en población clave: mujeres transgénero y hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) en las ciudades de Cali y Medellín”, adscrita a Minciencias por medio de la convocatoria 807-2018.
Identificación de candida en cavidad bucal de pacientes con diabétes y vih/sida
Authors: Mosquera Cardenas Helen Jose 
Published: April 2022

Introducción: La Cándida es un microorganismo invasivo que pasa a ser patógeno cuando hay una alteración en el equilibrio de la flora o en la debilitación del huésped. Puede llegar a generar infecciones importantes ya sea en personas sanas e inmunodeficientes.
Objetivo: caracterizar Cándida en dos condiciones patológicas diferentes como lo son la diabetes, Virus de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida (VIH) y en el Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA).
Método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática según el protocolo basado en la lista de comprobación de la declaración PRISMA utilizando las bases de datos: Clinical Key®, Medline®, PubMed®, Scielo® y revistas indexadas.
Resultados: La enfermedad en la cual hubo mayor prevalencia de infecciones por Cándida fue el VIH/SIDA, el tipo de Cándida que se encontró fue la C. albicans, el tipo de candidiasis que se presentó con mayor frecuencia en individuos con VIH/SIDA fue la Pseudomembranosa y Eritematosa. El tipo de diabetes más común fue la diabetes mellitus tipo II, el tipo de Cándida más común fue la C.albicans, la C. glabrata, C. tropicalis y la C.krusey el tipo de candidiasis que prevaleció fue la eritematosa.
Conclusión: Podemos concluir quea C. albicans se encuentra con mayor predominio entre las enfermedades orales en paciente inmunocomprometidos y con VIH/SIDA, por la susceptibilidad del organismo a ciertas infecciones.
Comparison between orthodontist, general dentist, and layperson in the perception of pink esthetics on smile: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sharma Nivedita , Kannan Sridhar , Arora Nitin , Singh Ashish Kumar , Malhotra Abhita , Batra Panchali 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Smile designing has become an essential part of dental training and a beautiful smile not only adds to the esthetics of the face but also conveys emotions and augments the self-esteem of an individual. A beautiful smile is achieved by well-balanced pink and white esthetics. This study was designed to evaluate the difference in perceptions of orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons to alterations in gingival characteristics on smile.

Material and Methods:
Smile images were modified intentionally to obtain the desired variations in gingival features such as color and contour of free gingival margins, inflammation, pigmentation, gingival margins with or without recession, zenith, and interdental papilla. A total of 51 images were rated by orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons using Q sort methodology.

Results:
Variations in the position of free gingival margin with recession was most negatively ranked gingival factor by orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons followed by variations in the position of interdental papilla. Position of free gingival margin without a recession, color changes due to pigmentation, and inflammation were moderately ranked. Control images and altered gingival zenith images were most positively ranked. Bilateral changes were perceived more readily compared to unilateral in factors such as a black triangle, zenith position, pigmentation, inflammation, and recession.

Conclusion:
Orthodontists seem to be less tolerant in their evaluations in comparison to general dentists and laypersons. The findings of this study point toward a crucial fact that smile designing should focus on parameters that are perceived readily by the public in general.
Barriers to utilization of an eye care facility in a rural community in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Ezeh Ernest Ikechukwu , Nkanga Elizabeth Dennis , Ezeh Roseline Nkeiruka , Ajewole Jeff , Nkanga Dennis 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
The purpose of the study was to describe the barriers to the utilization of eye care services in a rural community in South-South Nigeria.

Material and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study using a multistage sampling technique was conducted. The main outcome measure was self-reported previous consultation of the eye clinic at the community’s Comprehensive Health Centre (CHC) for eye care.

Results:
The study sample included 200 participants. Only 40 (24.1%) respondents had previously consulted at the eye clinic at the CHC in search of eye care. The principal barriers to eye care services utilization were “Ignorance of the existence 53 (47.3%) and schedule” 37 (33.0%) of the eye clinic at the CHC, and “No felt need” 26 (23.2%).

Conclusion:
Despite the high prevalence of ocular disorders among the study participants, the utilization of available eye care services was markedly low. The common barriers cited were “Ignorance of the existence and schedule of the eye facility in the community. Improved strategies to improve uptake of services is required.”
Ophthalmic findings in HIV/AIDS patients in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Nkanga Elizabeth Dennis , Ezeh Ernest Ikechukwu , Ibanga Affiong Andem , Okonkwo Sunday Nnamdi , Agweye Chineze Thelma , Nkanga Dennis George , Etokidem Ani Jumbo 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:Out of the 38.0 million (30.2–45.0 million) with HIV/AIDS globally, about 35.9 million (28.9–43.0) adults live in sub-Saharan Africa. Ocular findings in HIV/AIDS are a cause of morbidity, visual impairment, and blindness and differ in different environments. This study aimed to investigate the pattern and prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations of HIV/AIDS in Calabar, Nigeria.Material and Methods:This study investigated ocular findings among patients attending the HIV/AIDS Special Treatment Clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Using a descriptive cross-sectional study design, a total of 440 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were recruited into the study.Results:There were 166 (37.73%) male and 274 (62.27%) female respondents, indicating a female preponderance with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.6. The modal age group was 26–35 and formed 40.4% of study population while 415 (94.30%) of the study population were 55 years old or less. While 316 (72.00%) of the respondents had some ocular morbidity, 136 (30.91%) were HIV/AIDS related. A total of 155 respondents (35.20%) had ocular symptoms. No person was blind, while 154 respondents (35.00%) were visually impaired. HIV/AIDS-related findings were retinal microangiopathy in 60 respondents (13.60%), conjunctival microvasculopathy in 30 (6.80%) respondents, hypertrichosis in 22 (5.00%) respondents, dry eye syndrome in 17 (3.90%) respondents, anterior uveitis in 17 (3.90%) respondents, presumed squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in 7 (1.60%) respondents, facial nerve palsy in 5 (1.14%) respondents, and Kaposi sarcoma of the eyelids and conjunctiva was in 4 (0.91%) respondents. There was increased ocular involvement among those respondents with lower CD4+ counts (P< 0.0001).Conclusion:Ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS can occur in the presence of normal vision and are a cause of avoidable uniocular vision loss. Non-HIV/AIDS-related ophthalmic morbidity also occurs in patients with HIV/ AIDS. These facts justify targeted scheduled ophthalmic screening. Ophthalmologists need to recognize and manage the varying patterns and sometimes location specific signs and symptoms.
A case of subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by multiple cerebral aneurysms due to segmental arterial mediolysis
Authors: Tokuda Takaho , Tajiri Seiji , Ueda Yutaka , Ohmori Yuki , Mukasa Akitake 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a condition in which an aneurysm is formed by causing lysis of the media and remodeling of blood vessels. Short-term recurrence has been reported in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Cerebral aneurysms have been suggested to form in a short period not only in the abdominal cavity but also in the intracranial arteries in SAM.

Case Description:
A 36-year-old pregnant woman at 35 weeks’ gestation developed sudden headache and disorientation. Head magnetic resonance imaging showed a small amount of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the right ambient cistern. A fusiform cerebral aneurysm was found in the periphery of the right superior cerebellar artery, and small saccular aneurysms were found in the periphery of the right posterior cerebral artery and left posterior inferior cerebral artery. After delivery of the fetus, endovascular embolization of the ruptured aneurysm was performed. However, 10-week postoperatively, she developed sudden headache. Hemorrhage was found in the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) peripheral aneurysm and disappearance of the right posterior cerebral artery peripheral aneurysm were confirmed. A ruptured aneurysm in the peripheral left PICA was removed after trapping. Intraoperatively, an unruptured thrombosed aneurysm that was not visualized by imaging was also removed. Histopathological examination showed no calcification or inflammation, rupture of the internal elastic lamina, and lack of segmentation, and SAM was diagnosed.

Conclusion:
In atypical dissecting aneurysms, SAM should be considered as a differential diagnosis. Systemic examination and short-term follow-up are also necessary.
A 5-year look-back at the notification and management of vaccine supply shortages in Germany
Authors: Miranda-García Maria Auxiliadora , Hoffelner Marcus , Stoll Hagen , Ruhaltinger Dörte , Cichutek Klaus , Siedler Anette , Bekeredjian-Ding Isabelle 
Published: April 2022

Background
Unavailability of vaccines endangers the overall goal to protect individuals and whole populations against infections.

Methods
The German notification system includes the publication of vaccine supply shortages reported by marketing authorisation holders (MAH), information on the availability of alternative vaccine products, guidance for physicians providing vaccinations and an unavailability reporting tool to monitor regional distribution issues.

Aim
This study provides a retrospective analysis of supply issues and measures in the context of European and global vaccine supply constraints.

Results
between October 2015 and December 2020, the 250 notifications concerned all types of vaccines (54 products). Most shortages were caused by increased demand associated with immigration in Germany in 2015 and 2016, new or extended vaccine recommendations, increased awareness, or changes in global immunisation programmes. Shortages of a duration up to 30 days were mitigated using existing storage capacities. Longer shortages, triggered by high demand on a national level, were mitigated using alternative products and re-allocation; in a few cases, vaccines were imported. However, for long lasting supply shortages associated with increased global demand, often occurring in combination with manufacturing issues, few compensatory mechanisms were available. Nevertheless, only few critical incidents were identified: (i) shortage of hexavalent vaccines endangering neonatal immunisation programmes in 2015;(ii) distribution issues with influenza vaccines in 2018; and (iii) unmet demand for pneumococcal and influenza vaccines during the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
Vaccine product shortages in Germany resemble those present in neighbouring EU states and often reflect increased global demand not matched by manufacturing capacities.
High influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers in acute care hospitals in Finland, seasons 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20
Authors: Hammer Charlotte C , Lyytikäinen Outi , Arifulla Dinah , Toura Saija , Nohynek Hanna 
Published: April 2022

Background
Influenza vaccination is widely recommended for healthcare workers (HCWs) in European countries, but the coverage is not always satisfactory. In Finland, a new act was introduced in March 2017, according to which it is the employer’s responsibility to appoint only vaccinated HCWs for servicing vulnerable patients.

Aim
We determined the influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs in Finnish acute care hospitals in three influenza seasons after introduction of the act.

Methods
We analysed data collected by an internet-based survey sent annually to all Finnish acute care hospitals and described the influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs during seasons 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20. We calculated mean coverage per healthcare district and season.

Results
In season 2017/18, 38 of 39 hospitals, in 2018/19, 35 of 36 hospitals and in 2018/19 31 of 33 hospitals provided data. The mean influenza vaccination coverage was 83.7% (SD: 12.3) in season 2017/18, 90.8% (SD: 8.7) in 2018/19 and 87.6% (SD: 10.9) in season 2019/20. There was no significant increase or decrease in the mean coverage across the three seasons. The differences between districts were only significant in 2018/19 (p < 0.005).

Conclusions
The coverage of influenza-vaccinated HCWs in Finnish hospitals was high in all three seasons and the current legal situation (semi-mandatory system) in Finland seems to provide a good background for this. Data collection should be maintained and improved for further monitoring.
Can Antipsychotics and Antidepressants Affect the Formation or Chronicization of Aortic Dissections?
Authors: DEPBOYLU Burak Can , HARMANDAR Buğra , ARSLAN Kadir , YAZMAN Serkan 
Published: April 2022

Acute Stanford type-A aortic dissections (STAAD) are life-threatening diseases which require
emergency surgery to eliminate risks of aortic rupture, severe aortic valve insufficiency, pericardial
tamponade and cerebral and/or coronary malperfusion. Only a small subset of patients go unnoticed
and become chronic with unclear mechanism. These patients are usually diagnosed thru late symptoms
or incidentally. Surgical techniques requiring cardiopulmonary bypass and sometimes deep hypothermia
and circulatory arrest are first-line treatments with considerable mortality and complications. Herein,
an incidentally diagnosed chronic STAAD patient who was receiving antipsychotic and antidepressant
treatment and successfully repaired with total aortic arch replacement was presented.
Kronik Radyasyon Maruziyetinin Mean Platelet Volüm (MPV) Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: KİŞİOĞLU Savaş Volkan , YILMAZ Güven 
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Çalışmamızda kronik düşük doz radyasyon maruziyetinin, ortalama trombosit hacmi (MPV)
üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Radyoloji, Radyasyon Onkolojisi ve Nükleer Tıp Bölümlerinde
görev yapan olgular ve kontrol grubu olarak radyasyon maruziyeti olmayan sağlıklı gönüllüler dâhil
edildi. Çalışmada tam hemogram tetkiki için alınan kan örnekleri etilen diamin tetra asetik asit (EDTA)
antikoagülasyonu ile alındı. Periferik yaymaların değerlendirilmesi bir Hematoloji Uzmanı tarafından
yapıldı. Tüm olguların tıbbi muayene ve tıbbi bilgileri araştırıcı tarafından kaydedildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya Radyoloji, Radyasyon Onkolojisi ve Nükleer Tıp Bölümlerinde görev yapan 76 olgu
ve radyasyon maruziyeti olmayan 20 olgu çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Radyasyon maruziyeti olan grupta
ortalama yaş 35,54±8,80 iken kontrol grubunda ortalama yaş 30,05±4,97 dir. Radyasyon maruziyeti
gözlenen olguların MPV ölçüm değeri, radyasyon maruziyeti gözlenmeyen olgulara göre istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek saptanmıştır (p= 0,001). Olgular radyasyon maruziyet süresine göre
10 yıla kadar ve 10 yıldan fazla olarak iki gruba ayrılarak değerlendiğinde her iki grubun MPV değeri
radyasyon maruziyeti olmayanlara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p=0,016 ve
p=0,001)
Sonuç: Kronik radyasyona maruz kalan meslek gruplarında rutin olarak akciğer sorunları, hematolojik
sorunlar ve diğer bedensel sorunlar değerlendirilmektedir. Ancak bu değerlendirmelerde ateroskleroz
ve kardiyovasküler yönden düzenli ve zorunlu bir inceleme bulunmamaktadır. Her ne kadar bu konuda
büyük ölçekli çalışma sonuçları mevcut olmasa da kronik radyasyon maruziyeti olan çalışanların
aterosklerotik kardiyovasküler hastalıklar yönünden de takip edilmesi gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz
Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Cinsel Mitlere İnanma Durumu ve İlişkili Faktörler
Authors: ÇAKIR KARDEŞ Vildan , BOSTANCI Serkan , AKTAŞ Ceren , AY Bahadır , GÜRCAN Mehmet Ali , YİĞİT Dilara , ÖZDEMİR Yasemin , ÇETİN Halil Ensar , AVŞAR Mustafa Ozan , BEKTEŞ Emre Enes , ÖZ Berkay , KARASU Burak , UZUN Ahmet 
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırma tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin cinsel mitlere inanma düzeylerini ve bunu etkileyen
faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi soru formu ile cinsel
mitlerin değerlendirilmesi formunu içeren bir anket internet ortamında katılımcılara ulaştırılması ile elde
edilmiştir. Veriler IBM SPSS programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Ankete katılan öğrencilerin (n=333) %66,4’ü kadın, %33,6’sı erkekti. Öğrencilerin %50’den
fazlasının inandığı/kararsız kaldığı 6 tane mit saptanmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin cinsellikle
ilgili bilgi edinmede kaynak olarak en sık interneti kullandığı ve ailelerinin “cinsellikle ilgili konuşmadığı”
bulunmuştur. Cinsel mitlere inanma oranlarının cinsiyetlere, anne ve baba eğitim düzeylerine göre
farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Öğrenciler arasında 18 mitte cinsiyetler arasında fark bulunmazken,
12 mit için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Cinsiyetler açısından eşcinsellikle ilgili mitlere
katılma durumu değerlendirildiğinde kadınların 4 mite erkeklere göre daha yüksek oranda katılmadığı
görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin oluşturduğu bir grupta 30 tane mitin yarıya yakınında cinsiyetler
arasında fark görülmesi dikkat çekicidir. Öğrencilerin içinde yetiştirildikleri toplumun cinsiyet ve cinsel
rollerin etkisi altında kaldıklarını düşündürmektedir. Çocukluk çağından itibaren yapılandırılmış bir cinsel
eğitim programı sağlıklı cinsel davranışı teşvik etmede önem taşımaktadır. Gelecekte sağlık hizmeti
sağlayıcısı olarak sektörde yerini alacak olan tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin cinsel mitlere inanma durumu ve
etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi, hastaların cinsel sorunları ve bilgilendirilmesine ilişkin yaklaşımlarına
katkı sağlayabilir.
Abnormalities of Peripheral Blood Parameters in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Temporal Change Analysis in Relation to Survival
Authors: ASLANER AK Müzeyyen , SAHİP Birsen , ÇELEBİ Güven , HORUZ Emre , ERTOP Şehmus 
Published: April 2022

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the abnormalities and temporal changes in peripheral blood
parameters, with particular emphasis on platelet indices, in relation to survival status among hospitalized
COVID-19 patients.
Material and Methods: A total of 149 patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were included.
Laboratory parameters were recorded on initial admission, 3rd, 7th and last day of hospitalization, and
post-discharge first month and included hemoglobin (Hb, g/dL), hematocrit (%), white blood cell (WBC)
(x109/L), platelet (cells/mm3) and lymphocyte counts (cells/μL), mean platelet volume (MPV, fL), platelet
distribution width (PDW, %), plateletcrit (PCT,%) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio ( PLR), and analysed.
Results: Overall, 139 (93.9%) patients survived. Survivors vs. non-survivors had significantly higher
median levels for Hb at initial admission (13.3 vs. 12.2 g/dL, p=0.023), 3rd day (12.6 vs. 11.7 g/dL,
p=0.033) and 7th day of hospitalization (12.5 vs. 9.8 g/dL, p=0.014) and for lymphocyte counts at
initial admission (1200 vs. 800 cells/μL, p=0.014) and 3rd day (1400 vs. 1200 cells/μL, p=0.043) of
hospitalization. They also had significantly lower WBC counts at initial admission (5800 vs. 7900 x109/L,
p=0.014), 3rd day (5400 vs. 6047 x109/L, p=0.007) and 7th day (6100 vs. 8400 x109/L, p=0.040) and
last day (6200 vs. 17700 x109/L, p=0.018) of hospitalization and lower PLR at initial admission (165 vs.
294.5, p=0.002) and 3rd hospitalization day (150 vs. 223, p=0.003).
Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings emphasize clinical significance of dynamic monitoring of
peripheral blood parameters, as combined with PLR, in assisting clinicians to identify COVID-19 patients
with increased risk of worse outcomes.