bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of carbodiimide combined with ethanol–wet bonding pretreatment on dentin bonding properties: an in vitro study
Authors: You Xiaoxiao , Chen Long , Xu Jie , Li Sihui , Zhang Zhenghao , Guo Ling 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This study evaluated the combined effects of Carbodiimide (EDC) and ethanol–wet bonding (EWB) pretreatment on the bond strength and resin–dentin surface.

Methods
Phosphoric acid-etched dentin specimens were randomly divided into five groups based on the following pretreatments: deionized water (control), EWB, 0.3M EDC in water (EDCw), EDC water solution combined EWB (EDCw + EWB), and 0.3M EDC in ethanol (EDCe). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of collagen fibrils on the demineralized dentin matrix in each group after pretreatment. The adhesives Prime & Bond NT (PB) (Dentsply De trey, Konstanz, Germany) or Single bond 2 (SB) (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) was applied after pretreatments, and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to evaluate the quality of resin tags. The degree of conversion (DC) of the adhesive was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The dentin was first bonded with resin and bathed in water at 37 °C for 24 h. Half of them were subjected to 10, 000 cycles in a thermocycler between 5 °C and 55 °C before a microshear bond strength (µSBS) test. The statistical methods were Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey post hoc test at α = 0.05.

Results
The µSBS was significantly affected by pretreatments (p < 0.001), adhesives (p < 0.001), and aging conditions (p < 0.001) as revealed by the three-way ANOVA. The EDCw, EDCw + EWB, and EDCe groups significantly increased the µSBS; the EDCw + EWB and EDCe groups produced the highest µSBS. In the EDC-containing groups, the SEM showed at the collagen fibrils in the dentin matrix formed a three-dimensional network structure in the tubules after cross-linking into sheets, and the hybrid layer formed thicker resin tags under a CLSM. In the EDC-containing groups, the CLSM observed an increase in the length of resin tags. PB showed a higher DC and bonding strength than SB, and the five pretreatment groups tested did not affect the DC of the two adhesives.

Conclusions
In etch–and–rinse bonding system, EDC combined with EWB pretreatment can improve the quality of the hybrid layer and enhance the mechanical properties of demineralized dentin matrix. Pretreatment with EDC–ethanol solution may be a new clinically friendly option for enhancing dentin bonding durability.
Problems Faced by Tribals in Collection and Marketing of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Kerala, India
Authors: Vijaykumar N. , Ushadevi K. N. 
Published: October 2022

Aims: NTFPs play a key role in meeting the needs of tribal communities, especially in medicine, poverty reduction and livelihood improvement. For years tribals were involved in NTFPs collection, and it’s the main occupation for Kattunayakan tribes. Considering the importance of NTFPs, the present study focuses on analysing the problems faced by the tribals in Kerala while collecting and marketing NTFPs.
Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in the Wayanad district of Kerala State A sample of 65 Kattunayakan tribes who have been involved in NTFPs collection for the last six years were selected randomly. The primary survey was conducted through a pre-tested structured questionnaire during February to April 2022.
Methodology: Garrett’s ranking technique had been used to determine the most critical problem influencing the tribals in NTFPs collection and marketing. Garrett’s Ranking Technique provides a clear picture of the orders of problems into numerical scores. The advantage of this technique is that the problems are arranged based on their severity from the point of view of Kattunayakan tribes. Seasonal calendar used for exhibiting the collection details of NTFPs collected by Kattunayakan tribe by each month.
Results: The study highlighted that the low price availability of NTFPs, negative interactions with wild animals no guidance and support from government officials for marketing of NTFPs, no training for value addition of NTFPs, and long distances to travel to the marketplace were the major problems encountered by the tribals while collection and marketing of NTFPs
Conclusion: Low price availability of NTFPs, negative interactions with wild animals and inadequate availability of NTFPs in the forest were the major problems identified related to collection of NTFPs. Regarding marketing of NTFPs lack of guidance and support from government officials for marketing of NTFPs, no training for value addition of NTFPs, and long distances to travel to the marketplace were identified as the major problems by the tribals.
Predictors of Functionality of the Community-based Disease Surveillance and Notification System in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Nnebue Chinomnso Chinanuekpere , Ezenyeaku Chijioke Amara , Nwabueze Simeon Achunam , Ezenyeaku Cyril Chukwuma , Okereke Uzoma C. , Okolie Martins N. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Community-based disease surveillance systems (CBSS) are initiated to complement the health facility-based surveillance systems. The timeliness and completeness of reporting, CBSS as well as knowledge of CBSS among focal points, have been noted to influence the effectiveness of CBSS. However, some independent predictors, may play roles in the functionality of the CBSS. This study determines the key factors affecting the effectiveness of CBSS in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among 360 community -based focal points in the State, selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were obtained by interview using pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaires, except data on completeness of reporting which were obtained using observation checklist. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20. Tests of statistical significance were done using Fishers exact, chi-square cum t tests, ANOVA and binary logistic regression as appropriate. Level of statistical significance was set at 5%.
Results: The timeliness of reporting was (82.9%) with a completeness of (28.1%). The independent predictors of the functionality of the CBSS were means through which detected diseases were notified, availability of supervisors for focal points, keeping of records and giving feedback to the communities.
Conclusions: The index study reported high level of timeliness and poor completeness of reporting, as well as predictors of the sub-optimally functional CBSS in the State. There is need for sustained training and supervision of focal points, improved record keeping cum means of disease notification, and efficient feedback mechanism to the CBSS in Anambra State.
Independent monitor unit verification for dynamic flattened beam plans on the Halcyon linac
Authors: Kubo Kazuki , Tamura Mikoto , Matsumoto Kenji , Otsuka Masakazu , Monzen Hajime 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndependent monitor unit verification (MUV) methods for the dynamic beam‐flattening (DBF) technique have not been established. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether MU values for the DBF technique can be calculated using in‐air and in‐water output ratios (Sc and Scp). Sc and Scp were measured in the DBF mode, and the phantom scatter factor (Sp) was calculated. The difference between calculated and planned MUs with square and rectangle fields and clinical plans for different treatment sites was also evaluated. Sc values for the 4 × 4 to 24 × 24 cm2 fields of the distal multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) layer at 2‐cm intervals were 0.887, 0.815, 0.715, 0.716, 0.611, 0.612, 0.511, 0.373, 0.374, 0.375, and 0.374, respectively. No collimator exchange effect was observed. Sc also depends slightly on the field size of the distal MLC layer. If the distal‐MLC‐layered field size was less than 20% of the corresponding MLC sequence size in the proximal MLC layer, Sc was affected by >1%, which was compensated using a correction factor (CF). Sp increased as the field sizes of the MLC sequence and distal MLC leaves increased. MUs calculated using measured Sc, Sp, and CF for square and rectangle fields agreed with planned MUs within ±1.2%. A larger difference (−1.5%) between calculated and planned MUs was observed for clinical plans, whereas differences in MUs were within 2 MU for most fields (56 out of 64 fields). MU calculation for the DBF technique can be performed with Sc, Sp, and CF for independent MUV.
Cognitive dysfunction 1 year after COVID‐19: evidence from eye tracking
Authors: Carbone Federico , Zamarian Laura , Rass Verena , Bair Stefanie , Ritter Marcel , Beer Ronny , Mahlknecht Philipp , Heim Beatrice , Limmert Victoria , Peball Marina , Ellmerer Philipp , Schiefecker Alois Josef , Kofler Mario , Lindner Anna , Pfausler Bettina , Putnina Lauma , Kindl Philipp , Löffler‐Ragg Judith , Kiechl Stefan , Seppi Klaus , Djamshidian Atbin , Helbok Raimund 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests persistent cognitive dysfunction after COVID‐19. In this cross‐sectional study, frontal lobe function was assessed 12 months after the acute phase of the disease, using tailored eye tracking assessments. Individuals who recovered from COVID‐19 made significantly more errors in all eye tracking tasks compared to age/sex‐matched healthy controls. Furthermore, patients who were treated as inpatients performed worse compared to outpatients and controls. Our results show impaired inhibitory cortical control in individuals who recovered from COVID‐19. The association between disease severity and its sequelae may contribute to a better understanding of post‐COVID‐19 cognitive function.
Transient Spin Injection Efficiencies at Ferromagnet–Metal Interfaces
Authors: Elliott Peter , Eschenlohr Andrea , Chen Jinghao , Shallcross Sam , Bovensiepen Uwe , Dewhurst John Kay , Sharma Sangeeta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpin injection across interfaces driven by ultrashort optical pulses on femtosecond timescales constitutes a new way to design spintronics applications. Targeted utilization of this phenomenon requires knowledge of the efficiency of non‐equilibrium spin injection. From a quantitative comparison of ab initio time‐dependent density functional theory and interface‐sensitive, time‐resolved non‐linear optical experiment, the spin injection efficiency (SIE) at the Co/Cu(001) interface is determined, and its microscopic origin, i.e., the influence of spin‐orbit coupling and the interface electronic structure, is discussed. Moreover, we theoretically predict that the SIE at ferromagnetic–metal interfaces can be optimized through laser pulse and materials parameters, namely the fluence, pulse duration, and substrate material.
The Structural Modulation of Amorphous 2D Tungsten Oxide Materials in Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Zhang Bo , Cicmancova Veronika , Ludvik Benes , Slang Stanislav , Kutalek Petr , Motola Martin , Wagner Tomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract2D oxide materials have gained tremendous attention in the applications. Herein, a synthesis route of 2D WO3 materials via magnetron sputtering is reported. A deposition between 2D monolayers and thin film structure are accomplished according to the temperature of substrate. And 2D monolayers are only formed on a cooled substrate. Ag doping helps to exfoliate 2D WO3 into freestanding monolayers, in which the thickness of 2D monolayer is only ≈3 nm. The ultralarge size of 2D WO3 shows unique features from the traditional 2D material. Resistive switching device and photocatalysis are discussed as examples of application. There is a clear intermediate resistance state in the device with 2D structure. And the failure of resistive switching device is closely related with the 2D structure of WO3. In the application of photocatalysis, an improved two‐step exfoliation, achieving a stack of WO3 monolayers with a large internal volume, is utilized. The enhancements of photocatalysis are obtained with 2D WO3 after exfoliation.
Low‐Cost and Large‐Scale Producible Biomimetic Radiative Cooling Glass with Multiband Radiative Regulation Performance
Authors: Zhang Xinping , Li Xiang , Wang Fuqiang , Yuan Weizhe , Cheng Ziming , Liang Huaxu , Yan Yuying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCommon glass without spectral regulation effect cannot offer an energy‐saving function, and radiative cooling technology without visible transparency cannot satisfy the illumination and esthetic demands. Herein, the concept of utilizing a biomimetic beetle cuticle structure, guided by principles of Chinese Taoist philosophy, is proposed to accomplish efficient radiative regulation. Subsequently, low‐cost biomimetic radiative cooling (Bio‐RC) glass is presented, which can reduce the temperature of buildings throughout daytime by blocking near‐infrared (NIR) radiation, conveying visible light, and emitting heat within the atmospheric window. Utilizing only three layers of thin films, Bio‐RC glass achieves multi‐band spectral regulation, avoids a complicated preparation process, and has the potential for large‐scale production. Spectrometry reveals that Bio‐RC glass exhibits an effective visible light transmissivity of 80.5%, a mean NIR transmissivity of 10.3%, and an effective emissivity of 94.8% within the atmospheric window. A one‐month rooftop test demonstrates that Bio‐RC glass achieves a maximum cavity temperature reduction of 18.1 °C compared with common glass. Energy consumption analysis indicates that Bio‐RC glass can conserve approximately 23.4% of the total energy consumption per year compared with common glass. The proposed Bio‐RC glass can lower the temperature during daylight while preserving transparency and esthetics, making it suitable for application in buildings and vehicles.
Targeted and Infarcted Microenvironment‐Responsive Peptide Therapeutics to Reverse Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Qin Yu‐Yan , Li Songpei , Qin Aiping , Lin Yinshan , Ye Jinxian , Huang Yingying , Wang Jianglin , Liang Lu , Yu Xi‐Yong , Zhang Lingmin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) leads to cardiac remodeling and heart failure ultimately. However, the present therapeutic approaches show limited effects on restoring the blood supply quickly and controlling cardiac remodeling effectively. Here, a novel strategy for the repair of the injured heart by using tannic acid (TA) to deliver the therapeutic Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is bio‐responsively released by the incorporation of matrix metalloproteinase cleavable peptide Pro‐Leu‐Gly‐Leu‐Ala‐Gly (TIMP), is developed. The NPY‐loaded nanostructure, designated as TNT (TA/NPY/TIMP), is evaluated for its therapeutic effects on cardiac remodeling after AMI in mice. TNT specifically targets to infarcted tissues and releases NPY in the AMI environment with abundant matrix metalloproteinase 2. Interestingly, it is found that TNT attenuates early post‐MI cardiac remodeling via increasing angiogenesis and the transition of M1 macrophages to M2 phenotype. This work contributes to developing a novel strategy for the recovery of cardiac functions after AMI.
Erector spinae plane block with catheter infusion for analgesia in a patient undergoing transaxillary first rib resection
Authors: McCance L. , Smith E. C. , Moore J. , Forget P. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryAnalgesia for first rib resection can be challenging with short‐ and long‐term consequences for patients such as acute distress, difficulty participating in physiotherapy and chronic pain. We report utilising an erector spinae plane block with a continuous infusion catheter as analgesia for a transaxillary first rib removal in a patient with venous thoracic outlet syndrome (Paget‐Schroetter syndrome). We could find no reports of erector spinae plane block in transaxillary rib resection, and a limited number of reports using a paravertebral approach to analgesia for this procedure. In our case, an erector spinae plane block provided effective analgesia, allowing the patient to participate freely in postoperative physiotherapy; no complications of erector spinae plane block were encountered. Further research into the safety and efficacy of erector spinae plane block for first rib resection is warranted.
Future changes of the extreme high‐temperature events influenced by foehn winds in Niigata, Japan
Authors: Nishi Akifumi , Kusaka Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study quantifies the future changes in extreme high‐temperature events (ETE) influenced by foehn winds in Niigata, Japan, using numerical and sensitivity experiments based on regional climate modelling. Numerical simulations suggest that the contribution of foehn winds to ETEs is approximately 3.5°C in both the baseline (past) and future climate, and hence it remains unaffected by future climate change; however, the frequency of ETEs is influenced by foehn winds may increase by a factor of 1.5. This is due to the fact that the pressure gradient between land and sea (i.e., the pressure gradient driving the sea breezes) is expected to decrease during the daytime in the future, making it easier for foehn winds to reach Niigata; it also suggests that foehn winds, due to their high‐pressure pattern, which is easily affected by the weakening of the sea breezes, may increase in the future. Overall, to evaluate the regional effects of climate change, it is necessary to understand how future changes in local circulation will impact future changes in the regional climate.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy accompanied with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and encephalopathy: A case report
Authors: Qazi Saba Saleem , Danish Shiza , Akhai Anusha , Khwaja Hania , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Eljack Mohammed Mahmmoud Fadelallah , Farooqui Sabeeh Khawar , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcute fatty liver disease of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare condition associated with other common liver manifestations such as hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome (HELLP). We present a 27‐year‐old pregnant woman who developed hepatic encephalopathy and DIC after being diagnosed with Acute fatty liver disease of pregnancy.
Highly efficient approach to the synthesis of 2‐Chloro‐2‐methylbutane in a continuous‐flow microreactor
Authors: Xu Rong , Song Qingming , Li Chuang , Li Junfeng , Yang Hongjun , Chen Jian , Mao Zhipeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract2‐Chloro‐2‐methylbutane is an important organic compound widely used as a starting material in organic synthesis. It is mainly produced by the addition reaction of isoamylene and hydrochloric acid. As a raw material, isoamylene has a low boiling point and an extremely low flash point, making it a high‐risk material in large‐scale industrial productions. In this paper, a highly efficient production of 2‐Chloro‐2‐methylbutane was realized using a continuous flow micro‐channel reactor. Through the back pressure system of the reactor, the fluid pressure was increased, which elevated the reaction temperature, and enhanced the rate of reaction. The obtained optimal reaction conditions for the process were a reaction temperature of 90°C, pressure of 0.67 MPa, residence time of reactants of 15 min, n (hydrochloric acid):n (isoamylene) = 2.80:1.00, and v (hydrochloric acid):v (isoamylene) = 4.40:1.76. Compared with a batch process, the micro‐channel process significantly shortened the reaction time and conversion a continuous and an efficient production. Computational analysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software was used to simulate the two‐phase flow in the micro‐channel reactor, and the results were consistent with the experimental results.
Production of NMSBA from the oxidation of NMST in the homogeneous Co/Mn/Br/H3PMoxW12−xO40 catalytic system
Authors: Long Xiang‐Li , Nie Xiao‐Feng , Song Lin‐Peng , Zhou Xin‐Zhi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract2‐nitro‐4‐methylsulphonylbenzoic acid (NMSBA) is an important intermediate for the preparation of the highly effective herbicide mesotrione. NMSBA is produced from the oxidation of 2‐nitro‐4‐ methylsulphonyltoluene (NMST) by nitric acid commercially, which suffers from the serious problems of low yield and heavy pollution. In this paper, a homogeneous system consisting of Co/Mn/Br/ · H3PMoxW12−xO40 has been applied to catalyze the production of NMSBA by oxidizing NMST with oxygen in acetic acid. The experiments indicate that the best value of x in the phosphomolybdenum tungsten heteropoly acid is 3. The optimum composition of this catalyst system is 1163 ppm H3Pmo3W9O40 · 12.17H2O, 247.5 ppm Co, 453.5 ppm Mn, and 1075 ppm Br. Such a catalytic system is able to achieve a NMST conversion of 94.93% and a NMSBA selectivity of 99.84%. H3PMo3W9O40 exceeds both H3PMo12O40 and H3PW12O40 as a catalyst in the production of NMSBA from the oxidation of NMST by oxygen.
Local search five‐element cycle optimized reLU‐BiLSTM for multilingual aspect‐based text classification
Authors: Suresh Kumar K. , Helen Sulochana C. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryAspect‐based sentiment analysis has gained wide popularity due to its benefits of text extraction, classification, and ranking the overall sentiments of each feature extracted. However, the aspect‐based feature extraction techniques often result in acquiring more number aspects that refer to the same feature which arises the need for aspect‐based text classification. Since most of the existing techniques focus on monolingual aspect‐based sentimental analysis, we planned to develop a multilingual aspect‐based text classification for Indian languages. We perform the multilingual aspect‐based text classification on different morphologically rich and complex languages such as Hindi, Tamil, Malayalam, Bengali, Urdu, Telugu, and Sinhalese. To achieve this objective, in this article we present an optimized rectified linear unit (reLU) layer‐based bidirectional long short‐term memory (reLU‐BiLSTM) deep learning tool is developed. The parameters of the reLU‐BiLSTM architecture are optimized using the local search‐based five‐element cycle optimization algorithm (LSFECO) optimization algorithm. Initially, the proposed model preprocesses the multilingual texts obtained from the reviews using different techniques such as tokenization, special character removal, text normalization and so forth. The discrete and categorical features from the different languages are initially extracted by applying the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model which processes the sentences in the text in a layer‐by‐layer manner. The context learning and word embeddings (aspects) present in the text are identified using different approaches such as word mover's distance, continuous Bag‐of‐Words (CBOW), and Cosine similarity. The LSFECO optimized reLU‐BiLSTM architecture classifies the different aspects present in the embedding document to its corresponding classes (flowers, plants, animals, sports, politics, etc). The efficiency of the proposed methodology is evaluated using the text obtained from different text documents such as semantic relations from Wikipedia, Habeas Corpus (HC) Corpora, Sentiment Lexicons for 81 Languages, IIT Bombay English‐Hindi Parallel Corpus, and Indic Languages Multilingual Parallel Corpus. When compared to conventional techniques, the proposed methodology outperforms them in terms of entropy, coverage, purity, processing time, accuracy, F1‐score, recall, and precision.