bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical modelling of a direct current non‐transferred thermal plasma torch for optimal performance
Authors: Yadav Akash , Karmakar Sujay , Kar Satyananda , Kumar Mayank 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA laminar steady‐state 2D axisymmetric model of a direct current (DC) thermal plasma torch using a magneto‐hydrodynamic approach has been developed. The model takes into account the entire torch system comprising the plasma gas injection, the inner region of the torch, and the jet exiting into the ambient environment. Numerical results are obtained for two different power inputs chosen from published experimental data. The temperature predictions at the torch exit are found in good agreement with experimental results. Velocity analysis of the plasma jet has been presented and the impact of electromagnetic force on jet velocity is analysed. The Lorentz force arising due to the coupling of fluid motion and electromagnetic forces shoots up the jet velocity to significantly high values near the cathode tip. Temperature and velocity profiles are in good agreement with the characteristics of a long laminar plasma jet. An operating value of heat transfer coefficient (h) has been suggested for optimal torch operation, thus ensuring a low anode erosion rate and acceptable thermal efficiency. The argon torch has the maximum temperature and longest jet length among the plasma gases considered.
Personal comorbidities and their subsequent risks for liver, gallbladder and bile duct cancers
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Försti Asta , Liska Vaclav , Hemminki Akseli , Li Xinjun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany environmental risk factors for hepatobiliary cancers are known but whether they are associated with specific cancer types is unclear. We present here a novel approach of assessing standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of previously diagnosed comorbidities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and ampullary cancer. The 13 comorbidities included alcohol and nonalcohol related liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gallstone disease, viral and other kinds of hepatitis, infection of bile ducts, hepatic and other autoimmune diseases, obesity and diabetes. Patients were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register from 1987 to 2018, and their cancers were followed from 1997 onwards. SIRs for HCC were 80 to 100 in men and women diagnosed with hepatitis C virus and they were also >10 in patients diagnosed with hepatitis B virus, other kind of hepatitis, hepatic autoimmune disease and nonalcohol related liver disease. Many of these risks, as well as alcohol related liver disease, were either specific to HCC or were shared with intrahepatic CCA. For GBC, CCA and ampullary cancer infection of bile ducts was the main risk factor. Gallstone disease, nonhepatic autoimmune diseases and diabetes were associated with all hepatobiliary cancers. The limitations of the study include inability to cover some rare risk factors and limited follow‐up time. Many of the considered comorbidities are characterized by chronic inflammation and/or overt immune disturbance in autoimmune diseases. The results suggest that local chronic inflammation and a related immune disturbance is the carcinogenic trigger for all these cancers.
Cumulative consumption of tea is associated with lower risk of liver cancer: Updated results from the Shanghai Women's Health Study
Authors: Li Zhuo‐Ying , Tan Yu‐Ting , Liu Da‐Ke , Gao Li‐Feng , Li Hong‐Lan , Xiang Yong‐Bing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProspective epidemiological studies have provided limited evidence for an association between tea consumption and liver cancer risk. Based on a population‐based prospective cohort study in middle‐aged Chinese women, we investigated the association between tea consumption and the risk of primary liver cancer. Detailed information on tea drinking habits and other potential confounders was obtained at the baseline interview. Incident liver cancer cases were identified through record linkage with the population‐based cancer registry and verified through home visits and review of medical charts by medical experts. Multiple aspects of tea drinking habits including starting age, duration, intensity and cumulative consumption of any type of tea and green tea were considered. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from the Cox regression models. After a median follow‐up time of 18.12 (interquartile range = 1.59) years, 253 incident liver cancer cases were identified from 71 841 cohort members. Compared with never tea drinkers, the risk of liver cancer for participants who have consumed over 30 kg of dried tea leaves cumulatively was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.32‐0.97). For those who drank green tea only, the aHR was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.30‐0.98). This updated study suggested an inverse association between cumulative consumption of tea, especially green tea and the risk of primary liver cancer.
Comprehensive reparative effects of bacteriostatic poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)/poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) electrospinning membrane on alveolar bone defects in progressive periodontitis
Authors: Liu Yiming , Zhao Yun , Zhu Wanchun , Han Mei , Mi Fanglin , Wang Bing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the loss of alveolar bone, among several studies focusing on reconstructing periodontal bone caused by periodontitis, guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a promising approach. In this study a serial clinically applied antibiotics loaded poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)/poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLGA/PLCA) fibrous mesh to prevent and reconstruct defective bone in periodontitis were prepared by electrospinning. Incorporation of antibiotics promoted the hydrophilicity but decreased the crystallinity of PLGA/PLCA membranes. Antibiotics could be sustained released from membranes. Metronidazole, minocycline, and doxycycline incorporated membranes could suppress Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) within 21 days in vitro. Metronidazole and minocycline incorporated membranes decreased 41% and 55.5% colony counts in rat gingival crevicular fluid in vivo. Minocycline‐loaded membrane could support the proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 cells and maintained 79% viability of human ligament fibroblasts cultured on it. And MC3T3‐E1 cells could undergo osteoblastic differentiation when cultured with pure PLGA/PLCA membrane and minocycline incorporated membrane. Then in vivo repairable effects of those antibiotics loaded membranes were evaluated in alveolar bone defected P. gingivalis infected model. The application of minocycline loaded membranes, effectively prevented the bone resorption of periodontitis caused by P. gingivalis. After been treated with minocycline incorporated membrane, volume of defected bone of maintained at about 50% level of control rats. 8 weeks post‐operation, newly regenerated bone was observed in the operative alveolar bone of the pure PLGA/PLCA membrane, metronidazole and minocycline incorporated PLGA/PLCA membrane treated groups. Minocycline/PLGA/PLCA electrospinning membrane is a promising GBR material that can be applied to guide regeneration of periodontitis‐induced alveolar bone damage.
Regional citrate anticoagulation vs systemic heparin anticoagulation for double‐filtration plasmapheresis
Authors: Teh Swee Ping , Ho Quan Yao , Kee Yi Shern Terence , Thangaraju Sobhana , Tan Ru Yu , Teo Su Hooi , Tan Han Khim , Tan Chieh Suai , Choong Hui Lin Lina , Ng Li Choo , Abdul Rahman Maslinna , Lim Amy Ee Lin , Kaushik Manish 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionDouble‐filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) has been utilized for immunomodulation in kidney transplantation. Anticoagulation is important to maintain circuit patency during DFPP. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) with systemic heparin anticoagulation during DFPP in kidney transplant recipients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of RCA (RCA‐DFPP) to systemic heparin anticoagulation (Hep‐DFPP) for DFPP among kidney transplant recipients in a single tertiary center.ResultsA total of 112 sessions of DFPP were performed for 23 subjects, of which 62 sessions were RCA‐DFPP and 50 sessions were Hep‐DFPP. There were 13 sessions (11.6%) of premature circuit clotting, 10 sessions (16.1%) for RCA‐DFPP and 3 sessions (6.0%) for Hep‐DFPP (P = .10). All premature circuit clotting episodes occurred in subjects who underwent DFPP through a vascular catheter. Premature circuit clotting was associated with the use of a vascular catheter (odds ratio [OR] 14.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7‐73.7; P < .01) and high postfilter ionized calcium (OR 12.7, 95% CI 1.4‐112.5; P < .01). There was no major bleeding event. Hep‐DFPP was associated with higher occurrence of hypocalcemia (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0‐1.2; P < .01) and metabolic acidosis (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2‐2.0; P = .04), while hypomagnesemia was more common for RCA‐DFPP (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1‐7.4; P = .03).ConclusionAmongst kidney transplant patients who receive DFPP therapy, RCA‐DFPP may be comparable to Hep‐DFPP for the maintenance of circuit patency. Functioning vascular access is vital in avoiding premature clotting of the circuit. Close monitoring of electrolyte imbalances and coagulopathy related to DFPP is recommended.
Piroxicam: 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin complex as corrosion inhibitor for the aluminum anode in extremely alkaline‐based primary batteries
Authors: Abedini Amin , Hosseini Seyed Mostafa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe corrosion inhibitive capabilities of an aluminum anode in 6 M KOH solution at 50°C with single piroxicam: 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin molecular inclusion complex (PIR: HP‐β‐CD) and mixed PIR: HP‐β‐CD + Na2SnO3 additives are investigated using hydrogen gas collection, weight loss measurement, electrochemical tests, infrared spectra, and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results indicate that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of PIR: HP‐β‐CD additive is increased to 10 ppm concentration (33%). The PIR: HP‐β‐CD adsorbs on the aluminum surface and impedes the accessibility of water to the surface. On the other hand, using only 0.002 M Na2SnO3 reduced aluminum's anodic dissolution and did not provide sufficient efficiency in inhibiting hydrogen evolution. However, adding 10 PIR: HP‐β‐CD to KOH solution containing 0.002 M Na2SnO3 has created a synergistic effect in corrosion inhibition. The highest electrochemical activity, the lowest hydrogen evolution rate (4.48 ml cm−2 s−1), the highest inhibition efficiency (81.14%), and the highest capacity are attained in the 6 M KOH solution with the mixed additives. Indeed, the 10 ppm PIR: HP‐β‐CD + 0.002 M Na2SnO3 additives could be recommended as an excellent corrosion inhibitor in extremely alkaline electrolytes for the aluminum anode at high current densities.
Prospective registration study of diagnostic yield and sample size in forceps biopsy using a novel device under digital cholangioscopy guidance with macroscopic on‐site evaluation
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Hirose Yoshinobu , Ueno Saori , Okuda Atsushi , Nishioka Nobu , Miyano Akira , Yamamoto Yoshitaro , Ueshima Kazuya , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the SpyGlass Direct Visualization System can be clinically useful for diagnosing indeterminate biliary stricture, it employs SpyBite forceps, which typically obtain only a small amount of tissue and have a low sampling rate. An improved forceps biopsy device for SpyGlass DS has recently been released (SpyBite MAX). The aim of this prospective registration study was to assess the diagnostic yield and efficacy of histological biopsy tissue obtained with SpyBite MAX forceps compared with SpyBite forceps in patients with indeterminate biliary stricture.MethodsThe primary outcome of the study was the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy specimens obtained by SpyBite MAX forceps. The secondary outcomes were tissue size, number of forceps biopsies, rate of obtaining adequate tissue, and adverse events in the SpyBite MAX forceps group compared with the SpyBite group.ResultsForceps biopsies using SpyBite MAX (n = 47) and SpyBite (n = 50) were performed successfully in all patients. The number of biopsies performed before visible core tissue was obtained was significantly lower in the SpyBite (mean, 1.5 ± 0.7) than in the SpyBite forceps group (mean, 2.3 ± 1.1 mm; P < .001). Tissue sample size was larger in the SpyBite MAX group (mean, 1.8 ± 1.6 mm2) than in the SpyBite group (mean, 1.0 ± 0.9 mm2; P = .004) but there was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionImprovements in dedicated forceps for biopsy in SpyGlass DS may contribute to improving the rates of adequate tissue and tissue sample size obtained, and to reducing the number of forceps biopsies required.
Suicidal attempt with eliglustat overdose
Authors: Nadler Johannes , Hermanns‐Clausen Maren , Dilger Karin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEliglustat is an orphan medicine used for long‐term treatment of Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) in adults. GD1 is a genetic condition, in which glucosylceramide builds up in the body, typically in liver, spleen, and bone. Clinical signs and symptoms of the disease are anemia, tiredness, easy bruising, hepatosplenomegaly, bone pain, and fractures. Eliglustat works by blocking glucosylceramide synthase (substrate reduction therapy). This medicine is subject to additional safety monitoring by regulatory authorities in the European Union. Scientific literature on eliglustat overdose is not available. We herein describe successful treatment of a suicidal attempt with massive eliglustat overdose. A 29‐year‐old female with GD1, a poor metabolizer of cytochrome P450 2D6 on a recommended daily dose of 84 mg of eliglustat, had taken 94 capsules of eliglustat (84 mg per capsule). One hour after ingestion of almost 8 g of eliglustat, the patient suffered from somnolence, severe bradycardia (37 bpm), and hypotension (systolic blood pressure of 70 mm Hg). After intravenous administration of atropine (1 mg) and cafedrine/theoadrenaline (100 mg/5 mg) by the called emergency physician, the patient resolved gradually. She remained 24 h with stable hemodynamics at a nearby intensive care unit. During continuous ECG monitoring, increased frequency of supraventricular ectopic activity and a first‐degree atrioventricular block were observed. To our knowledge, this is the first case report on a suicidal attempt with eliglustat.
PL‐101‐WK, a novel tryptophan‐ and lysine‐rich peptide with antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Shahraki Parvin Zadeh , Farrokh Parisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDesigning short antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are active against drug‐resistant bacteria, is a promising way to find new therapeutic agents. In this research, a novel short AMP, PL‐101‐WK, was designed based on PL‐101 (a derivative of plicatamide). Here, the substitution of Phe and His with Trp and Lys was considered. The antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties of PL‐101‐WK were compared with PL‐101 by in silico analysis. The antimicrobial activity in the presence or absence of NaCl concentration, thermal stability, hemolytic activity, and selectivity of the peptides were determined. By substitution of Lys and Trp residues, positive charge, in vitro stability, and hydrophilicity of PL‐101‐WK were raised compared to the template. PL‐101‐WK had the best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 64 μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus strains, which showed at least 16‐fold reduction when compared to the values of PL‐101. The MICs of PL‐101‐WK were retained toward S. aureus strains at physiological salt concentration. While PL‐101‐WK did not display acceptable thermal stability, it had desirable selectivity against bacteria. The maximum hemolytic activity of PL‐101‐WK was 1.65% at 512 μg/ml. Taken together, increasing positive charge and the presence of Trp residues were enhanced the potential of antibacterial activity of PL‐101.
Characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Dziekiewicz Marcin , Marczak Honorata , Banasiuk Marcin , Aksionchyk Marina , Krenke Katarzyna , Banaszkiewicz Aleksandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) is a rare group of respiratory tract disorders. One of the factors suggested to be associated with its etiopathogenesis is microaspiration related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and characteristics of GERD in children with chILD, with a particular focus on proximal GER episodes.MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional study. Consecutive patients with chILD underwent 24‐h multichannel intraluminal pH‐impedance monitoring. Different types of gastroesophageal reflux episodes (GER) were recorded and compared with regard to the GERD diagnosis.ResultsSixty‐two children (median age of 1.22 years) were included. GERD was diagnosed in 20 (32.3%) of them. The GERD (+) and GERD (−) subgroups differed mainly in their esophageal exposure to acid content (2.9 vs. 1.0%, p = 0.02) and bolus exposure (3.0 vs. 1.4%, p < 0.0001), as well as total number of GER (72.5 vs. 42.0 p = 0.0004), acid GER (35.5 vs. 15.0 p = 0.004), and acid proximal GER (21.0 vs. 12.0 p = 0.02). There were no differences in the number of proximal GER comparing GERD (+) and GERD (−) subgroups.ConclusionsThe frequency of GERD seems to be relatively high in the population of children with chILD used in this study. However, it has not demonstrated an association between proximal GER and GERD diagnosis in chILD, which casts uncertainty over the microaspiration theory proposed to link the two diseases. The latter conclusion, however, needs to be confirmed using more accurate aspiration assessment methods.
Universal Non‐Invertible Symmetries
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya , Schäfer‐Nameki Sakura , Wu Jingxiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is well‐known that gauging a finite 0‐form symmetry in a quantum field theory leads to a dual symmetry generated by topological Wilson line defects. These are described by the representations of the 0‐form symmetry group which form a 1‐category. We argue that for a d‐dimensional quantum field theory the full set of dual symmetries one obtains is in fact much larger and is described by a ‐category, which is formed out of lower‐dimensional topological quantum field theories with the same 0‐form symmetry. We study in detail a 2‐categorical piece of this ‐category described by 2d topological quantum field theories with 0‐form symmetry. We further show that the objects of this 2‐category are the recently discussed 2d condensation defects constructed from higher‐gauging of Wilson lines. Similarly, dual symmetries obtained by gauging any higher‐form or higher‐group symmetry also form a ‐category formed out of lower‐dimensional topological quantum field theories with that higher‐form or higher‐group symmetry. A particularly interesting case is that of the 2‐category of dual symmetries associated to gauging of finite 2‐group symmetries, as it describes non‐invertible symmetries arising from gauging 0‐form symmetries that act on ‐form symmetries. Such non‐invertible symmetries were studied recently in the literature via other methods, and our results not only agree with previous results, but our approach also provides a much simpler way of computing various properties of these non‐invertible symmetries. We describe how our results can be applied to compute non‐invertible symmetries of various classes of gauge theories with continuous disconnected gauge groups in various spacetime dimensions. We also discuss the 2‐category formed by 2d condensation defects in any arbitrary quantum field theory.
Effects of Camellia tea and herbal tea on cardiometabolic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Peng , Ma Xiu Mei , Geng Kang , Jiang Zong Zhe , Yan Pei Yu , Xu Yong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvidence for the anti‐diabetic actions of camellia and herbal tea in diabetic patients has not been summarized. Several data sources were searched for randomized trials assessing the effect of different teas on cardiometabolic risk factors in T2D subjects. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed the risk of bias. Results were summarized using mean differences (MDs) based on a random model. Sixteen studies (19 trials, N = 832) fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Mean differences were measured for body weight, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, a homeostatic model for insulin resistance, high and low‐density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. No effects on total cholesterol and waist circumference were observed when either camellia or herbal tea was consumed. Tea produced moderate regulatory effects on adipose, glycemic control, lipid profiles, and blood pressure. In terms of efficacy, camellia and herbal teas yield different benefits in regulating metabolism. This discovery has some implications for clinical research and drug development. However, more high‐quality trials are needed to improve the certainty of our estimates.
A three‐dimensional positivity‐preserving and conservative multimoment finite‐volume transport model on a cubed‐sphere grid
Authors: Tang Jie , Chen Chungang , Shen Xueshun , Xiao Feng , Li Xingliang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA three‐dimensional positivity‐preserving and conservative transport model on a cubed‐sphere grid is presented using a multimoment finite‐volume (MMFV) method. The three‐point fourth‐order MMFV method with boundary gradient switching projection is utilized to ensure nonoscillatory numerical solutions in the horizontal, while the simple and computationally efficient semi‐Lagrangian piecewise rational method is used to allow a large time step in the vertical. By means of horizontal and vertical separation, a Strang‐type splitting technique is adopted to advance the numerical solutions in time. Non‐negative corrections are made to achieve positive‐definite preservation exactly. The resulting transport model is inherently conservative, high‐accuracy, and positive‐definite, and allows a large Courant number no matter how dense the vertical grid is. Various benchmark test cases, including three representative advection tests and an idealized terminator chemistry test, are conducted to validate the performance of the model presented. The numerical results indicate that the model is quite competitive in comparison with the existing models in the literature and looks very promising in real atmospheric simulations.
Finite time adaptive learning for tracking control of constraint nonlinear systems via command filtered output feedback
Authors: Xin Chun , Li Yuan‐Xin , Hou Zhongsheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article is concerned with the adaptive learning finite‐time output feedback control design for a class of high‐order nonlinear systems involving full state constraints. First, a state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable states and the radial basis function neural networks are used to identify unknown functions in the system. Then based on the state observer, we develop an adaptive learning finite‐time output feedback controller by combining the command filtered technique and error‐tracking method. In addition, the “explosion of complexity” problem can be avoided and the filtered errors caused by dynamic surface control can be compensated by the newly proposed command filter control. By constructing a novel log‐type barrier Lyapunov function, it can be guaranteed that the full state constraints are not violated and all the variables in the controlled systems are bounded in finite time. Finally, two simulation examples are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.