bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace Analysis Model of Muzzle Smoke
Authors: Yan Chen‐guang , Zhang Ming‐xing , Li Yan , Zhu Chen‐guang , Zhang Zi‐hao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuantitative assessment of the harmful phenomenon of medium and large‐caliber muzzle smoke provides crucial support for the development of advanced propellants. Based on the current maximum area method and integration method of transmittance curve of examining muzzle smoke, the Trace Analysis Model of Muzzle Smoke (TAMMS) is proposed. First, based on the characteristics of few mass exchanges and relatively fixed expansion center of muzzle smoke cloud formed by high‐pressure release with the slow‐release zone, a muzzle smoke characteristic quantity model refers to the area and the concentration corresponding to each other was established. Secondly, a test system was built to experimentally verify the smoke characteristic quantity model, and the test error analysis was carried out. The research results show that the Trace Analysis Model of Muzzle Smoke takes into account the relationship between smoke area and transmittance over time and can more ideally characterize the muzzle smoke volume. The results of parallel testing and analysis of 7 sets of traditional 35 mm guns show good reproducibility, with a measurement uncertainty less than 0.5 dB.
Age‐distributed composition of the Indigenous population in Australia
Authors: Shankar Sriram 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe standard measure of composition of a group within a country or a region is its headcount relative to the overall population. However, the headcount ratio of a given group ignores the age‐based variability of its population with respect to the whole population. In this paper, a measure capturing the groups' age‐wise distribution is proposed, which can be useful for policymakers in identifying potential demographic distortions experienced by population subgroups. An empirical exercise on the Australian Census data for the years 2006, 2011 and 2016 provides the age‐distributed composition of the Indigenous population in the states and territories of Australia.
Aspirations, agency and well‐being of Romanian migrants in Greece
Authors: Papadopoulos Apostolos G. , Fratsea Loukia‐Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMigration is considered a meaningful strategy whereby both migrants and nonmigrants can improve their well‐being and their livelihoods. The paper emphasizes the migrants' own perspective and sheds light on movers' noneconomic drivers. The concept of aspirations is treated as a ‘missing link’ that allows research into migration at its intersection with social inequalities, hierarchies and diversity. The paper's main aim is therefore to elucidate Romanian migrants' aspirations and to illustrate how these aspirations are informed by their agency and reflect their well‐being both during and after the economic recession in Greece. Romanian migration provides sufficient grounds to invoke a more nuanced approach to migrants' well‐being, which takes their ‘dreams of fantasy’ into account, along with their subjective experiences of inequalities and multiple belonging. This paper frames migrants' well‐being theoretically as a relational process, but also in terms of the socio‐spatial arrangements of migrant mobility/immobility acts. Romanians' narratives are analysed in relation to their social trajectories, spatial movement(s) and settlement patterns during their international and internal journey(s).
Enabling Reversible Reaction by Uniform Distribution of Heterogeneous Intermediates on Defect‐Rich SnSSe/C Layered Heterostructure for Ultralong‐Cycling Sodium Storage
Authors: Cao Liang , Fang Shaojun , Xu Baohe , Zhang Bao , Wang Chunhui , Xiao Zhiming , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ou Xing , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract2D layered Sn‐based materials have attracted enormous attention due to their remarkable performance in sodium‐ion batteries. Nevertheless, this promising candidate involves a complex Na+‐storage process with multistep conversion‐alloying reactions, which induces the uneven dispersion of heterogeneous intermediate accompanied by severe agglomeration of metallic Sn0, inescapably resulting in poor reaction reversibility with sluggish rate capability and inferior cyclic lifespan. Herein, a delicately layered heterostructure SnSSe/C consisting of defect‐rich SnSSe and graphene is designed and successfully achieved via a facile hydrothermal process. The equal anionic substitution of Se in SnSSe crystal can trigger numerous defects, which can not only facilitate Na+ diffusion but also accelerate the nucleation process by inducing quantum‐dot‐level uniform distribution of heterogeneous intermediates, Na2Se/Na2S and Sn0. Concurrently, in situ formed uniform Na2Se/Na2S grain boundaries confined by this unique layered heterostructure may effectively suppress the agglomeration of metallic Sn0 nanograins and boost the reversibility of conversion‐alloying reaction. As a result, the SnSSe/C displays significant improvement in Na‐storage performance, in terms of remarkable rate capability and ultralong cycling lifespan. This work, focusing on controlling intermediate distribution, provides an effective strategy to boost reaction reversibility, which can be wildly employed in conversion‐based electrodes for energy storage regions.
Multi‐Decker Emissive Supramolecular Architectures Based on Shape‐Complementary Ligands Pair
Authors: Ma Jianjun , Han Ningxu , Yu Hao , Li Jiaqi , Shi Junjuan , Wang Shaozhi , Zhang Houyu , Wang Ming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDye aggregates have attracted a great deal of attention due to their widespread applications in organic light‐emitting devices, light‐harvesting systems, etc. However, the strategies to precisely control chromophores with specific spatial arrangements still remain a great challenge. In this work, a series of double‐ and triple‐decker supramolecular complexes are successfully constructed by coordination‐driven self‐assembly of carefully designed shape‐complementary ligands, one claw‐like tetraphenylethylene (TPE)‐based host ligand and three tetratopic or ditopic guest ligands. The spatial configurations of these assemblies (one double‐decker and three “S‐shaped” or “X‐shaped” triple‐decker structures) depend on the angles of these TPE‐derived ligands. Notably, the three triple‐decker structures are geometric isomers. Furthermore, photophysical studies show that these complexes exhibit different ratios of radiative (kr) and non‐radiative (knr) rate constant due to the different spatial arrangements of TPE moieties. This study provides not only a unique strategy for the construction of multi‐stacks with specific spatial arrangement, but also a promising platform for investigating the aggregation behavior of fluorescent chromophores.
Conceptual model for capability planning in a military context – A systems thinking approach
Authors: Koivisto Jouni , Ritala Risto , Vilkko Matti 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring recent decades, planning defense systems have evolved into capability‐based planning (CBP) processes. This paper seeks to answer two questions: firstly, how to express a complex, real‐world capability requirement; and secondly, how to assess if a system with interacting elements fulfills this requirement. We propose that both a capability need and the solution fulfilling it are expressed with a consistent set of models in a traceable manner. The models integrate current capability models, specific to planning level and capability viewpoint, with systems thinking approach. Our conceptual model defines the defense system in its environment, our data model defines and organizes the CBP terms, and our class diagram defines the CBP planning elements. We illustrate the approach by giving an example of capability parametrization and compare it both with the DODAF capability view and with the generic CBP process. Our data model describes how capabilities are degraded in action and extends the approach toward capability dynamics. The quantitative capability definition aims to support efforts to solve for real world interacting subsystems that combined implement the required capability.
Digital Citizenship, Media Literacy, and the ACTS Framework
Authors: von Gillern Sam , Gleason Benjamin , Hutchison Amy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn a “post‐truth” era in which misinformation permeates digital environments, it is critical for teachers to help students develop media literacy skills by analyzing and evaluating media messages. Through these processes, English language arts teachers can also help students develop digital citizenship skills, in which they can analyze media, create messages, and then share their creations. These skills and processes empower students to become informed digital citizens who actively engage in civic processes and advocate for issues and actions in which they believe. This article explores the concepts of digital citizenship and media literacy and presents the Analyze, Create, Then Share Framework as a way to help students develop skills in these areas. Analyzing, Creating, Then Sharing media messages can aid students' understanding of disciplinary content, help students participate in civic processes, and promote digital citizenship.
Application of vinyl polymer‐based materials as nucleic acids carriers in cancer therapy
Authors: Pereira Patrícia Alexandra , Serra Maria Elisa Silva , Serra Arménio C. , Coelho Jorge F. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNucleic acid‐based therapies have changed the paradigm of cancer treatment, where conventional treatment modalities still have several limitations in terms of efficacy and severe side effects. However, these biomolecules have a short half‐life in vivo, requiring multiple administrations, resulting in severe suffering, discomfort, and poor patient compliance. In the early days of (nano)biotechnology, these problems caused concern in the medical community, but recently it has been recognized that these challenges can be overcome by developing innovative formulations. This review focuses on the use of vinyl polymer‐based materials for the protection and delivery of nucleic acids in cancer. First, an overview of the properties of nucleic acids and their versatility as drugs is provided. Then, key information on the achievements to date, the most effective delivery methods, and the evaluation of functionalization approaches (stimulatory strategies) are critically discussed to highlight the importance of vinyl polymers in the new cancer treatment approaches.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid‐Based Structures
Keeping dysprosium in line: Trinuclear heterometallic MII2DyIII complexes with M=Cd, Co and Cu
Authors: Ruppert Thomas , Schlittenhardt Sören , Suryadevara Nithin , Fuhr Olaf , Anson Christopher E. , Ruben Mario , Powell Annie K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFour new heterometallic trinuclear essentially linear (“in‐line”) MII2DyIII complexes (M=CdII (1), CoII (2), CuII (3, 4) were synthesised using the ligand 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzoic acid (dtbbaH) in a MeCN : iPrOH (1–3) or in a MeOH : iPrOH : DMF (4) mixture. Single crystal structure analyses revealed the formation of [Cd2Dy(dtbba)6(iPrOH)2(H2O)2NO3] ⋅ iPrOH (1), [Co2Dy(dtbba)6(iPrOH)2(H2O)2NO3] ⋅ iPrOH (2), [Cu2Dy(dtbba)6(MeCN)4NO3] ⋅ MeCN (3) and [Cu2Dy(dtbba)6(iPrOH)1.68(DMF)1.32(H2O)NO3] ⋅ 3iPrOH ⋅ H2O (4). The M−Dy−M angles become more acute from (1) to (3) leading to decreased M⋅⋅M distances. The DyIII ions are 8‐coordinate with a distorted triangular dodecahedron geometry and a D2d symmetry whereas the geometry of the 5‐coordinate terminal MII ions can best be described as either distorted vacant octahedra or as spherical square pyramids with a C4v symmetry. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed on (1), (2) and (3) which allows a comparison of the effect of replacing highly anisotropic CoII with the quantum spin of CuII. Both (2) and (3) show effects of ferromagnetic interactions at low temperatures.
Low-Cost In Vitro Options for Banana Mutation Breeding
Authors: Jhurree-Dussoruth Babita 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMutation fixation of irradiated banana cultures is achieved through at least three generation advancements by in vitro subculturing. The in vitro culture is a technique which allows rapid multiplication of plantlets within a short time and which often relies highly on expensive inputs that are almost unaffordable in many developing countries. This chapter highlights some easily affordable options that can be adopted for in vitro propagation and weaning of tissue-cultured banana plantlets and other horticultural crops. The presented options provide resource restricted laboratories opportunities to coopperate with irradiation facilities for mutation induction. Thus, when applied to any locally selected banana variety, the low-cost in vitro methods allow an efficient mutagenesis process to improve local accessions. Low-cost alternatives adopted to carry out in vitro mutagenesis activities in the current FAO/IAEA project are presented, by using as baseline other cheaper options developed and adapted through a locally funded project (supported by the Mauritius Research and Innovation Council).
Excess mortality in a cohort of Brazilian patients with a median follow-up of 11 years after the first psychiatric hospital admission
Authors: da Roza Daiane Leite , de Rezende Marcos Gonçalves , Barros Régis Eric Maia , de Azevedo-Marques João Mazzoncini , Santos Jair Lício Ferreira , Morais Lilian Cristina Correia , Ferreira Carlos Eugenio de Carvalho , Waldvogel Bernadette Cunha , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Del-Ben Cristina Marta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To estimate the mortality rates of a cohort of Brazilian patients after their first psychiatric admission and determine the possible risk factors associated with excess mortality.

Methods
The study included a cohort of psychiatric patients hospitalised from Jan 1, 2002 to Dec 31, 2007 in the catchment area of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil. Data were linked to deaths that occurred between Jan 1, 2002 and Dec 31, 2016 from the SEADE Foundation (state data analysis system of São Paulo). The mortality rate (MR), age-sex-standardised mortality ratio (SMR), life expectancy at birth, and years of life lost (YLL) were computed. The factors associated with mortality were analysed by survival analysis using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results
Of 4019 patients admitted (54.76% male), 803 died (69.74% male) during the follow-up (median = 11.25 years). Mortality rates were approximately three-fold higher than expected (SMR = 2.90, 95% CI 2.71–3.11). The highest mortality rate was noted in men with alcohol-related disorders (SMR = 5.50, 95% CI 4.87–6.19). Male sex (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.62, 95% CI 1.37–1.92), higher age (aHR = 21.47, 95% CI 13.48–34.17), and unemployment (aHR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.43) significantly increased the mortality risk from all causes. The average YLL was 27.64 years with the highest YLL noted in nonalcohol substance-related disorders (39.22 years). The life expectancy at birth in this cohort was 47.27 years. Unnatural causes of death were associated with nonwhite skin colour and substance-related disorders.

Conclusion
An excess of mortality and a significant reduction in life expectancy of mentally disordered patients who were first admitted to psychiatric beds was noted, particularly patients admitted for substance-related disorders, which should represent a priority in mental health policies.
Online hyphenation of centrifugal partition chromatography with countercurrent chromatography (CPC-CCC) and its application to the separation of saturated alkylresorcinols
Authors: Hammerschick Tim , Vetter Walter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and countercurrent chromatography (CCC) are two preparative techniques mainly used for the isolation and purification of natural products. While CPC benefits from a larger sample capacity, CCC typically provides better peak resolutions and hereby higher purities. In this study, we aimed to combine both advantages by the direct linking of CPC and CCC which was achieved by installation of switching valves and connection tube. The hyphenated CPC-CCC setup was tested with major alkylresorcinols which were obtained from a transesterified and hydrogenated rye extract. Injections of 1- and 5-g samples into the individual CCC system confirmed the limited sample capacity because of immediate flooding with the 5-g sample (total loss of stationary phase). In comparison, the CPC system was stable with 5- and 10-g samples but the peak resolution with 1-g sample was poorer than with the CCC system. Injections of 5- and 10-g samples into the CPC-CCC system were successful. However, a sample load of 10 g resulted in lower purities of the alkylresorcinols (80% or less) due to peak tailing. By contrast, injection of 5-g sample provided high amounts of ~ 1.2 g alkylresorcinols with purities of > 95%.
Graphical abstract
Controlling neuronal assemblies: a fundamental function of respiration-related brain oscillations in neuronal networks
Authors: Folschweiller Shani , Sauer Jonas-Frederic 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRespiration exerts profound influence on cognition, which is presumed to rely on the generation of local respiration-coherent brain oscillations and the entrainment of cortical neurons. Here, we propose an addition to that view by emphasizing the role of respiration in pacing cortical assemblies (i.e., groups of synchronized, coactive neurons). We review recent findings of how respiration directly entrains identified assembly patterns and discuss how respiration-dependent pacing of assembly activations might be beneficial for cognitive functions.
Data and insights to advance characterization of groundwater resources in the Plaine des Gonaïves, Haiti
Authors: Adamson James K. , Miner Wm. Javan , Bernasconi Jonas L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Plaine des Gonaïves houses a regionally significant yet data-scarce coastal aquifer in one of the driest regions of Haiti. It is the primary source of water for the region, including Haiti’s third largest city, Gonaïves. Pressure on groundwater resources will be compounded as municipal water services modernize and energy infrastructure enables the resurgence of commercial agriculture. In anticipation of increased stress and greater impacts, this study was undertaken (including data discovery, reconnaissance, and analysis) to gain insights and to advance understanding of the groundwater resources. The alluvial aquifer covers >115 km2, exceeds 100 m thickness, and supports pumping yields as high as 532 m3/h. The heterogeneous multilayer aquifer exhibits hydraulic conductivities that range by an order of magnitude, influencing groundwater flow, residence times, and chemistry. Significant recharge occurs in the central and upgradient portions of the plain; river infiltration appears to be a more significant recharge source than direct infiltration. In the downgradient portion of the plain, confined aquifer pressure increases and discharge areas include the Quinte River, springs, wetlands, ditches and canals. Underlying the alluvium, discontinuous groundwater in bedrock with structural influence may mix with the alluvial aquifer, affecting isotopic composition and water chemistry. Increased abstraction, climate change, and intensification of agriculture and urban development could have consequential impacts on water quantity, water quality and ecosystems. The results, insights, and supporting datasets are a baseline to guide planning and to advance a hydrogeological conceptual model that supports sustainable and informed groundwater management.
Crown allometry and growing space requirements of four rare domestic tree species compared to oak and beech: implications for adaptive forest management
Authors: Schmucker Julia , Uhl Enno , Steckel Mathias , Pretzsch Hans 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRare domestic tree species are increasingly being viewed as promising alternatives and additions to current main tree species in forests facing climate change. For a feasible management of these rare species, it is, however, necessary to know their growth patterns and space requirements. This information has been lacking in management and science up to now. Our study investigated the basic crown allometries of four rare domestic tree species (European hornbeam, European white elm, field maple and wild service tree) and compared them to the more established and assessable European beech and oak (sessile oak and pedunculate oak). For our analysis, we used data from eight temporary research plots located on seven sites across south-eastern Germany, augmented by data from long-term plots. Using quantile regression, we investigated the fundamental relationships between crown projection area and diameter, and height and diameter. Subsequently, we used a mixed-effect model to detect the dependence of crown allometry on different stand variables. We derived maximum stem numbers per hectare for each species at different stand heights, thus providing much-needed practical guidelines for forest managers. In the early stages of stand development, we found that European white elm and field maple can be managed with higher stem numbers than European beech, similar to those of oak. European hornbeam and wild service tree require lower stem numbers, similar to European beech. However, during first or second thinnings, we hypothesise that the rare domestic tree species must be released from competitors, as shade tolerance and competitiveness decrease with age. Furthermore, we argue that thinnings must be performed at a higher frequency in stands with admixed European beech because of the species’ high shade tolerance. When properly managed, rare species can reach target diameters similar to oak and beech.
The determinants of sovereign risk premiums in the UK and the European government bond market: the impact of Brexit
Authors: Kadiric Samir 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes recent developments in the British and European government bond markets with reference to the UK’s decision to leave the European Union. The two main goals of the study are, firstly, to examine whether the Brexit referendum result has affected the risk premium and, secondly, whether there are any changes in risk pricing following the referendum. The paper finds a significant impact of the Brexit referendum on the risk premium in selected economies. Furthermore, the results suggest that there is a considerable change in risk pricing after the announcement of the referendum result. Credit default risk and the risk aversion play a much important role in the post-referendum period than they did prior to the vote, particularly in the UK.