bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid 19 occupational or environmental hazard or both?
Authors: Kiran Kumar N. Dr. , Savitha B Naik Dr. , Laxmi Priya C. H. Dr. , Pavithra  Prabakara Dr. , Annapoorna B. S. Dr. , Arun Kumar R. V. Dr. 
Published: January 2022

Covid -19 has taken a huge toll on health care sector. Many health care workers (HCWs) fall susceptible to this pandemic infection leading to occupational health hazard. It also has significantly changed the practice of dentistry. Importance of personal protective equipment cannot be enough stressed upon in present scenario due to uncertainity of vaccine availability and efficacy. Major role in protection of health care workers is played by face masks and respirators. Due to crisis in present scenario, there has been an acute shortage of masks though the production has been upregulated. Also due to increased production of masks, it has posed a significant environmental hazard. This review aims to summarize different types of masks available, their effectiveness and optimization of usage of masks to derive adequate protection thus preventing occupational health hazard with emphasis on eco-friendly masks for a better environmental safety.Â Â Â
Telescopic double crowns in prosthodontics
Authors: Kara Recep 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article is to classify the types of telescopic prostheses that protect natural teeth as an alternative to traditional removable prostheses, and to explain their advantages, disadvantages, indications and clinical significance in order to minimize the problems of removable dentures. Telescopic prostheses consist of an inner (primary) crown permanently cemented to an abutment and an outer (secondary) crown attached to the prosthesis. Primary crowns protect the abutment from bruises and thermal irritation, and also provide retention and stabilization of the secondary crown. The secondary crown combines the primary crown with the prosthesis to form a telescopic unit, providing prosthetic retention and stability.Â Â
Creating smiles the lip repositioning way a case report
Authors: Nikhila Chandramohan Dr. , Lalith Vivekanand Dr. , Swetha A Dr. , Faiza Fathima Dr. 
Published: January 2022

A beautiful smile comprises a perfect balance of the white and pink. A gummy smile has been a prevalent esthetic disorder with varied etiologies including of skeletal, dento-alveolar, or soft-tissue origin. It can be managed by a variety of treatment modalities after appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning. If it is due to jaw deformities, altered passive eruption or tooth malpositioning, the corrective measures incorporate orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment. However, this requires hospitalization and entails significant discomfort. Lip repositioning is a simple and predictable technique that restricts the muscle pull of the elevator lip muscles thereby reducing the gingival display. This case report demonstrates the successful management of a young patient with moderate gummy smile using the conventional LR surgery thereby proving to be a promising alternative that is less invasive in nature and with minimal postop complications. At 6 months, the results were stable.Â Â Â
Hybrid compression-encryption-watermarking image algorithm based on the quaternionic wavelets transform (QWT)
Authors: Ndongo HervÃ© Abena , Ebassa Bertrand Ledoux Eloundou , Malobe Paul Abena , Alexendre Noura 
Published: January 2022

In this article, we present a robust new hybrid algorithm combining successive compression, chaotic encryption, and blind watermarking images based on the quaternionic wavelets transform (QWT) to ensure the fast, simple and secure transfer of digital data. The calculations of the various evaluation parameters were carried out with the aim of determining the robustness of our algorithm against certain attacks. The results obtained of the reconstructed images before and after attacks of the compressed-encrypted-watermarked images are appreciated by calculating the evaluation parameters values and by the human visual system. The application of this hybrid algorithm on CFA images al-lowed us to obtain a stand-alone transmission system and ensure the integrity of digital data.Â Â Â
Role of bilateral internal iliac artery ligation in controlling refractory post partum hemorrhage
Authors: Jamil Samia , Munir Sara , Amin Javeria , Nourin Shazia , . Alia , E huma Zill , Saeed Khokhar Hamza , Ul Moazzam Sultan , Sohail Afzal Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Background: Post Partum Hemorrhage (PPH) is a life threatening emergency that needs to be managed timely. Refractory PPH is treated surgically. Bilateral internal iliac artery ligation is one of the surgical procedures performed to control bleeding.Objective: We analyzed the effectiveness of Bilateral IIAL in controlling bleeding in PPHMethodology: It was a retrograde cross-sectional study conducted at Lady Aitchison hospital, Lahore from data during January 2018 to December 2020. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, data of patient including demographics, history, examination, ultrasound, procedure details and post-operative complications were recorded. All the data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0.Results: All the patients (44) survived and success rate was 100 %. Uterine atony was present in 29 (65.9%) patients as a cause of PPH, placental abnormality, uterine rupture and coagulopathy in 7(15, 9), 4 (9.1%) and 4 (9.1%) patients respectively. 17 patients did not develop any complication. Most common Post-operative complication was wound infection (22.75%) followed by pneumonia (20.5%), paralytic ileus (9.1%) and DIC with renal failure (9.1%).Conclusion: Bilateral IIAL was found to be an effective and preferred life saving procedure, preserving fertility.Â Â Â
Concentrations and health risks assessment of heavy metals in cigarettes within Baghdad city
Authors: M. Haleem Azhar , A. Amin Sahar 
Published: January 2022

The risks associated with smoking can be due to the inhalation of toxic substances like heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that can be released during tobacco burns. In the present study we measured lead Pb and three other metals (cadmium Cd; Chrome Cr; and Zinc Zn) by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). In a twenty-five brands of cigarettes, assessing potential related health risks estimated intakes of these metals. The Related Cancer Risk (RCR) and Average Daily Intake (ADI) were calculated. The results revealed that the average values of Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn concentrations were (4.56, 0.39, 3.31 and 1.36) Î¼g/g respectively. The total value of these four metals is greater than the range of cancer risk specified by USEPA.Â Â
Generalized models of flow of a fluid with pressure-dependent viscosity through porous channels: channel entry conditions
Authors: .S.Abu Zaytoon M. , H.Hamdan M. , (Lisa) Xiao Yiyun 
Published: January 2022

The flow of fluids with pressure-dependent viscosity in free-space and in porous media is considered in this study. The interest is to employ the physical model of flow through a porous layer down an inclined plane in order to derive velocity expressions that can be used as entry conditions in the study of two-dimensional flows through free-space and through porous channels. The generalized equations of Darcy, Forchheimer and Brinkman are used in this work.Â Â
Periodic wave analysis to the time-fractional phi-four and (2+1) dimensional CBS equations
Authors: Nahar Ananna Samsun , Al â€“ Mamun Abdulla , An Tianqing 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we investigate some innovative and exact travelling wave solutions to the time-fractional phi-four equation and the (2+1) dimensional Calogero-Bogoyavlanskil schilf (CBS) equation using the ( )-expansion method. Periodic solutions are displayed in hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational function solutions. Subsequently, we construct some new solutions connecting the free parameters of the phi-four equation and the CBS equation, which are characterized into three complete forms: rational function, trigonometric function, and hyperbolic functions. Graphical representations of some attained solutions are also presented in this article. Hence, this study shows the efficiency and the easiness of the ( )-expansion technique with the assistance of emblematically computational software MATLAB and Mathematica.Â Â
The effect of lavender on mothers sleep quality in the postpartum period: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Seiiedi-Biarag Leila , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Poor sleep quality in the postpartum period can have various negative effects on the health of mothers and infants such as anxiety, depression, low breastfeeding self-efficacy and disrupted child-mother attachment. Accordingly, intervention seems necessary to improve sleep quality. Given the probable effect of lavender on sleep problems, the present research intended to determine its effects on mothers’ sleep quality during postpartum period. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus databases and the Persian language databases (Magiran and SID) were searched for all the articles they included at the end of February 2021. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane tool. The results of the meta-analysis were reported as the standardized mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity of the studies was investigated using the I-squared test (I2). Three out of the 292 obtained studies entered the meta-analysis. The results indicated that sleep quality in the group receiving lavender improved compared to the control group, (SMD = −0.61; 95% CI: −1.07 to −015 p = 0.01) whereas the heterogeneity was higher. (I2 = 75%; Tau2 = 012; Chi2 = 7.905, p = 0.02). According to the results of this systematic review, use of lavender can improve postpartum maternal sleep quality. However, further randomized controlled trials using identical methodology, larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed.
Leonard Meyer’s Theory of Musical Style, from Pragmatism to Information Theory
Authors: Miller Brian A. 
Published: January 2022

Despite its ubiquity in both academic and popular discourses on music, the concept of musical style last received in-depth scholarly treatment three decades ago, in music theorist Leonard Meyer’s final book, Style and Music of 1989. Meyer’s text remains widely cited today, but its date obscures the even earlier origins of its central concerns in Meyer’s work of the 1950s and ’60s. Indeed, Meyer developed his most enduring ideas amidst an array of momentous intellectual changes, not least of which were the rise (and fall) of information theory and cybernetics, and the transition from behaviorist to cognitive psychology, both of which impacted his work and legacy in lasting ways.
While Meyer’s general understanding of musical style remained largely consistent across his career, this essay examines a series of subtle shifts in the details of his conception as his intellectual focus shifted from pragmatist philosophy to a wholesale engagement with information theory to, eventually, cognitive psychology. Meyer’s most important early influences were American pragmatists like John Dewey and Morris R. Cohen, but already by 1957 he argued for a continuity between the mathematical structure of Markov chains and the pragmatist theories of meaning and emotional response on which his famous Emotion and Meaning in Music (1956) was based. While explicit mention of information theory soon dropped out of his writings, I show how information and computation continue to resonate throughout his later works and, thus, how they live on in current music-theoretical notions of style.
Cybernetics, Listening, and Sound-Studio Phenomenotechnique in Abraham Moles’s Théorie de l’information et perception esthétique (1958)
Authors: Bell Eamonn 
Published: January 2022

In his Théorie de l’information et perception esthétique (1958), the sociologist of culture Abraham Moles (1920–92) set out to demonstrate the applicability of information theory—a mathematical linchpin of cybernetics—to the arts more generally. Moles drew on classical psychophysics, Gestalt psychology, more modern behavioral psychology, and contemporary psychoacoustic research to advocate a cybernetic model of the perception and creation of art. Moles repeatedly returned to musical examples therein to make his case, leveraging his dual expertise in philosophy and electroacoustics, drawing on formative experiences with Pierre Schaeffer in Paris and Hermann Scherchen at his Gravesano studio. Moles’s interdisciplinary text found many attentive readers across Europe and, following an English translation by the precocious Joel E. Cohen (1966), the Anglophone academic world, but it was valued more as an inspiration for the burgeoning area of “information aesthetics” than as a source of hard scientific evidence.
Drawing lightly on positions in the history and philosophy of science articulated by Gaston Bachelard (who supervised Moles’s second PhD, in philosophy) and Hans-Jörg Rheinberger suggests a change of emphasis away from its apparent scientific infelicities and toward Moles’s use of sound-studio technique, which is described with reference to the technologies available to Moles in the years leading up to the publication of the Théorie. Moles manipulated and processed sound recordings—filtering, clipping, and reversing them—in his attempts to empirically estimate the relative proportions of semantic and aesthetic information in speech and music. Moles’s text, when understood in tandem with the traces of his practical experiments in the sound studio, appears as an influential and occasionally prescient exposition of the many possible applications of the principles of information theory to the production, perception, and consumption of sound culture that makes ready use of the latest technical innovations in the media environment of its time.
Clinical practice guidelines for management of hyperglycaemia in adults with diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Karalliedde Janaka , Winocour Peter , Chowdhury Tahseen , De Parijat , Frankel Andrew H Frankel , Montero Rosa , Pokrajac Ana , Banerjee Debasish , Dasgupta Indranil , Fogarty Damian , Sharif Adnan , Wahba Mona , Mark Patrick , Zac-Varghese Sagen , Patel Dipesh , Bain Stephen 
Published: January 2022

A significant percentage of people with diabetes develop chronic kidney disease and diabetes is also a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The term diabetic kidney disease (DKD) includes both diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (DM CKD). DKD is associated with high morbidity and mortality, which are predominantly related to cardiovascular disease.
Hyperglycaemia is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular complications and progression of DKD. Recent clinical trials of people with DKD have demonstrated improvement in clinical outcomes with sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. SGLT-2 inhibitors have significantly reduced progression of DKD and onset of ESKD and these reno-protective effects are independent of glucose lowering. At the time of this update Canagliflozin and Dapagliflozin have been approved for delaying the progression of DKD.
The Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) and UK Kidney Association (UKKA) Diabetic Kidney Disease Clinical Speciality Group have undertaken a literature review and critical appraisal of the available evidence to inform clinical practice guidelines for management of hyperglycaemia in adults with DKD. This 2021 guidance is for the variety of clinicians who treat people with DKD, including GPs and specialists in diabetes, cardiology and nephrology.
Caregiver Inclusivity and Empowerment During Family-Centered Rounds
Authors: Parente Victoria , Stark Ashley , Key-Solle Mikelle , Olsen Maren , Sanders Linda L. , Bartlett Kathleen W. , Pollak Kathryn I. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Despite widespread adoption of family-centered rounds, few have investigated differences in the experience of family-centered rounds by family race and ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to explore racial and ethnic differences in caregiver perception of inclusion and empowerment during family-centered rounds.

METHODS
We identified eligible caregivers of children admitted to the general pediatrics team through the electronic health record. Surveys were completed by 99 caregivers (47 non-Latinx White and 52 Black, Latinx, or other caregivers of color). To compare agreement with statements of inclusivity and empowerment, we used the Wilcoxon rank sum test in unadjusted analyses and linear regression for the adjusted analyses.

RESULTS
Most (91%) caregivers were satisfied or extremely satisfied with family-centered rounds. We found no differences by race or ethnicity in statements of satisfaction or understanding family-centered rounds content. However, in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, we found that White caregivers more strongly agreed with the statements “I felt comfortable participating in rounds,” “I had adequate time to ask questions during rounds,” and “I felt a valued member of the team during rounds” compared with Black, Latinx, and other caregivers of color.

CONCLUSIONS
Congruent with studies of communication in other settings, caregivers of color may experience barriers to inclusion in family-centered rounds, such as medical team bias, less empathic communication, and shorter encounters. Future studies are needed to better understand family-centered rounds disparities and develop interventions that promote inclusive rounds.
Methods of group theory in Leibniz algebras: some compelling results
Authors: Subbotin I.Ya. 
Published: January 2022

The theory of Leibniz algebras has been developing quite intensively. Most of the results on the structural features of Leibniz algebras were obtained for finite-dimensional algebras and many of them over fields of characteristic zero. A number of these results are analogues of the corresponding theorems from the theory of Lie algebras. The specifics of Leibniz algebras, the features that distinguish them from Lie algebras, can be seen from the description of Leibniz algebras of small dimensions. However, this description concerns algebras over fields of characteristic zero. Some reminiscences of the theory of groups are immediately striking, precisely with its period when the theory of finite groups was already quite developed, and the theory of infinite groups only arose, i.e., with the time when the formation of the general theory of groups took place. Therefore, the idea of using this experience naturally arises. It is clear that we cannot talk about some kind of similarity of results; we can talk about approaches and problems, about application of group theory philosophy. Moreover, every theory has several natural problems that arise in the process of its development, and these problems quite often have analogues in other disciplines. In the current survey, we want to focus on such issues: our goal is to observe which parts of the picture involving a general structure of Leibniz algebras have already been drawn, and which parts of this picture should be developed further.
Diagnóstico foliar de nutrimentos de nueve especies forestales tropicales de tres pisos altitudinales en Centro América
Authors: Alvarado Hernández Alfredo , Chaves Corea Ronald , Chacón Madrigal Eduardo , Rodríguez Alfaro Wilberth , Blanco Montero Freddy 
Published: January 2022

Introducción. Es poca la información sobre concentración foliar de nutrimentos en especies forestales en Centro América. Se hace necesario desarrollar conocimiento que permita manejar de manera satisfactoria la nutrición de estos cultivos. Objetivo. Definir los niveles “normales” de concentración foliar al eliminar los valores atípicos fuera del rango de variación con un valor central entre el primer y tercer cuartil en histogramas de distribución de frecuencias de especies forestales. Materiales y métodos. Con material foliar de especies forestales de Costa Rica, Panamá, Guatemala, México y Colombia se confeccionó una base de datos con 3566 entradas con la que se preparó otra más pequeña para los análisis de las especies que se estudian en el presente documento, provenientes de 3 pisos altitudinales. Se calculó la mediana de valores de nutrimento para toda la población como base para determinar las desviaciones estándar y sus valores normales de concentración de N-P-KCa-Mg-S-Fe-Mn-Zn-B-Cu-Al-Na. Resultados. Los resultados fueron una primera aproximación sobre la concentración foliar porcentual total en función del crecimiento de 9 especies forestales en los pisos altitudinales Tropical Húmedo-Muy Húmedo (4,23-6,77%), Tropical Estacionalmente Seco (4,65-6,05%) y Premontano (5,83-9,36%). Son significativamente afectados por el piso altitudinal la concentración de Al en los pisos Tropical Húmedo-Muy Húmedo y el N en el Tropical Estacionalmente Seco. La distribución en porcentaje de las principales especies forestales estudiadas fue C. alliodora (9,36), V. guatemalensis (6,77), C. odorata (6,58), G. arborea (6,05), P. quinata (5,91), A. acuminata (5,83), V. ferruginea (4,81), T. grandis (4,65) y T. amazonia (4,23). Conclusiones. En los pisos Tropical Húmedo-Muy Húmedo la presencia de V. guatemalensis y V. ferruginea mostró elevados valores en mg.L-1 de Al (13 470-22 172)>B(112-130)>Na(401) y porcentuales de P(0,54-0,68). La especie T. amazonia presenta concentraciones porcentuales altas de P(0,59)>B(164)>Cu(46) en mg.L-1. En el bosque Tropical Estacionalmente Seco ninguna de las especies estudiadas (G. arborea, T. grandis y P. quinata) presentó concentraciones elevadas de ningún elemento de los estudiados. En el piso Premontano se encontró valores porcentuales elevados de N(3,57)>K(1,13) en A. acuminata, en C. alliodora de N(3,45)>Ca(3,29)>K(1,24)> Mg(1,02) y en C. odorata de N(3,22)
Nivel de infección del microsporidio Nosema spp. en colmenas de abejas africanizadas y su relación con la precipitación y humedad relativa
Authors: Calderón Fallas Rafael A. , Moreno Morales Eduardo 
Published: January 2022

Introducción. La Nosemosis es una enfermedad de las abejas melíferas, que se encuentra diseminada por todo el mundo y ocasiona pérdidas económicas. Es causada por 2 especies de hongos, Nosema apis y Nosema ceranae. Objetivo. Se determinó la cantidad de esporas de Nosema spp. en muestras grupales e individuales de abejas, y se relacionaron con la precipitación y humedad. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó de julio a noviembre 2017, en 10 colmenas de abejas africanizadas en Atenas, Alajuela. De cada colmena, se colectaron 100 abejas, para examinarlas en el laboratorio de Patología Apícola-CINAT. Para el análisis grupal, se cortaron los abdómenes de 30 abejas y se maceraron con 30 ml de agua destilada. La muestra se revisó en el microscopio a 40x y se cuantificaron las esporas de Nosema spp. mediante el hemocitómetro. Para el examen individual, se utilizóla misma técnica. La precipitación y humedad relativa durante el estudio, se relacionaron con el número de esporas. Resultados y conclusión. Se detectó el microsporidio Nosema spp. en todas las colmenas analizadas. En julio, se cuantificó el mayor número de esporas, con un promedio de 20 360 000 ± 1 586 957 en el análisis grupal y 12749 733 ± 867 232 en el individual. En los meses siguientes se observó un descenso en el conteo de esporas en ambos métodos, hasta contabilizar la menor cantidad en noviembre, con un promedio de 4 375 000 ± 874 132 y 2 087 708 ± 398 895 en el examen grupal e individual, respectivamente. Al relacionar la precipitación y humedad con la cantidad de esporas, setiembre presentó la mayor cantidad de lluvia y un alto porcentaje de humedad, sin embargo, no correspondió con el mayor nivel de Nosemosis, el cual se registró en julio. Mientras que noviembre fue el menos lluvioso y húmedo, y mostró la menor cantidad de esporas.