bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Winter Triggering of the Maud Rise Polynya
Authors: Zhou Lu , Heuzé Céline , Mohrmann Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhat triggers Maud Rise polynya, a large opening in the winter Antarctic sea ice, is still debated. We show that the upcoming opening of all Maud Rise polynyas can be detected in early winter up to four months ahead, especially since the 2002 expansion in satellite observations. In all polynya years, continuous anomalous sea ice thinning begins in May, caused by atmospheric and oceanic forcings. Dynamically, an anomalous cyclonic circulation in the atmosphere and the ocean strengthens the Weddell Gyre and exerts anomalously intense stresses on the ice. Thermodynamically, the warm water advected by the intensified circulation, and most importantly entrained into the mixed layer, thins the ice from below at the beginning of the freezing season, preconditioning the region for a polynya event months later. This four‐month‐ahead pattern enables early predictions of the polynya, and improved expedition planning and sensor deployment.
Oblique Convergence Causes Both Thrust and Strike‐Slip Ruptures During the 2021 M 7.2 Haiti Earthquake
Authors: Okuwaki Ryo , Fan Wenyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA devastating magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck Southern Haiti on 14 August 2021. The earthquake caused severe damage and over 2000 casualties. Resolving the earthquake rupture process can provide critical insights into hazard mitigation. Here we use integrated seismological analyses to obtain the rupture history of the 2021 earthquake. We find the earthquake first broke a blind thrust fault and then jumped to a disconnected strike‐slip fault. Neither of the fault configurations aligns with the left‐lateral tectonic boundary between the Caribbean and North American plates. The complex multi‐fault rupture may result from the oblique plate convergence in the region, so that the initial thrust rupture is due to the boundary‐normal compression and the following strike‐slip faulting originates from the Gonâve microplate block movement, orienting SW‐NE direction. The complex rupture development of the earthquake suggests that the regional deformation is accommodated by a network of segmented faults with diverse faulting conditions.
An Anti‐Phase Relationship Between the Subtropical Underwater and Eastern Subtropical Mode Water in the South Pacific During 2004–2020
Authors: Wang Yingying , Qu Tangdong , Luo Yiyong , Fine Rana A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing the Roemmich‐Gilson Argo data set, this study investigates variability of the Subtropical Underwater (STUW) and eastern Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW) in the South Pacific during 2004–2020. The STUW volume decreased during 2004–2013 and increased during 2013–2020, while the volume of the ESTMW shows the opposite phase. On interannual time scales, there is also a significant negative correlation in volume between the STUW and ESTMW. This anti‐phase relationship is attributed to changes in their volumetric subduction rates, which are in turn closely related to variability in the mixed layer depth (MLD). ENSO directly contributes to variability of the subduction rates by modifying the MLD. Equatorward propagation of spiciness anomalies is identified along isopycnal surfaces of the STUW and ESTMW cores. These spiciness anomalies in the downstream region are correlated with changes in volume of both water masses, and significant spiciness anomalies can reach the tropical Pacific.
Upwind Droughts Enhance Half of the Heatwaves Over North China
Authors: Zhou Shiyu , Yuan Xing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAntecedent or concurrent drought conditions are recognized as important factors for triggering or intensifying heatwaves through local land‐atmosphere interaction, but recent studies show nonlocal effects for a few mega‐heatwaves. To quantify the impacts of upwind droughts on all related heatwaves, a Lagrangian heat tracing model driven by reanalysis data is employed over North China, a region influenced by monsoon and westerly significantly. Through analyzing 17 major heatwaves over North China during 1979–2019, we find eight of them are significantly enhanced by upwind droughts. The advected sensible heat that results from circulation anomalies and upwind soil moisture droughts contributes to 71% of the heat for heatwaves. For eight drought‐related heatwave events, the upwind soil droughts from southern and western source regions contribute to 67.9% of the heat anomalies, with 3/5 of them coming from the south. This study suggests that upwind droughts are important for early warning and adaptation for heatwaves.
Lithospheric Erosion in the Patagonian Slab Window, and Implications for Glacial Isostasy
Authors: Mark Hannah F. , Wiens Douglas A. , Ivins Erik R. , Richter Andreas , Ben Mansour Walid , Magnani M. Beatrice , Marderwald Eric , Adaros Rodrigo , Barrientos Sergio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Patagonian slab window has been proposed to enhance the solid Earth response to ice mass load changes in the overlying Northern and Southern Patagonian Icefields (NPI and SPI, respectively). Here, we present the first regional seismic velocity model covering the entire north‐south extent of the slab window. A slow velocity anomaly in the uppermost mantle indicates warm mantle temperature, low viscosity, and possibly partial melt. Low velocities just below the Moho suggest that the lithospheric mantle has been thermally eroded over the youngest part of the slab window. The slowest part of the anomaly is north of 49°S, implying that the NPI and the northern SPI overlie lower viscosity mantle than the southern SPI. This comprehensive seismic mapping of the slab window provides key evidence supporting the previously hypothesized connection between post‐Little Ice Age anthropogenic ice mass loss and rapid geodetically observed glacial isostatic uplift (≥4 cm/yr).
Seismic Anisotropy and Intraslab Hydrated Faults Beneath the NE Japan Forearc
Authors: Wang Zewei , Zhao Dapeng , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe water cycle in subduction zones is closely related to the generation of large earthquakes and arc magmas. Outer‐rise hydrated faults subducting with the oceanic lithosphere are suspected to be important for the water cycle. However, geophysical evidence for the intraslab hydrated faults beneath forearc is scarce. Here we present high‐resolution P‐wave anisotropic tomography of the Tohoku forearc derived from arrival‐time data recorded at both onshore and offshore seismic stations. Trench‐parallel intraslab fast velocity planes of anisotropy are revealed that intersect the slab upper surface at high angles (∼45°–90°), reflecting aligned hydrated faults in the slab. Ruptures of the hydrated faults may cause large intraslab earthquakes. The hydrated‐fault associated water entering a large near‐trench asperity in the megathrust zone could have triggered the great 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake (Mw 9.0).
Spurious Late Historical‐Era Warming in CESM2 Driven by Prescribed Biomass Burning Emissions
Authors: Fasullo J. T. , Lamarque Jean‐Francois , Hannay Cecile , Rosenbloom Nan , Tilmes Simone , DeRepentigny Patricia , Jahn Alexandra , Deser Clara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA spurious increase in the interannual variability of prescribed biomass burning (BB) emissions in the CMIP6 forcing database during the satellite era of wildfire monitoring (1997–2014) is found to lead to warming in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics in simulations with the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). Using targeted sensitivity experiments with the CESM2 in which prescribed BB emissions are homogenized and variability is removed, we show that the warming is specifically attributable to BB variability from 40° to 70°N and arises from a net thinning of the cloud field and an associated increase in absorbed solar radiation. Our results also demonstrate the potential pitfalls of introducing discontinuities in climate forcing data sets when trying to incorporate novel observations.
Tibetan Plateau Temperature Extreme Changes and Their Elevation Dependency From Ground‐Based Observations
Authors: Yang Keke , Guo Donglin , Hua Wei , Pepin Nick , Yang Kun , Li Duo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTemperature extremes have widespread implications for maintenance of the solid water reservoir on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), but their changing spatiotemporal patterns and elevation dependence have not been well understood. Using observations at 124 stations, this study shows that the TP as a whole has experienced increasing intensities/frequencies of warm extremes (0.37°C decade−1/2.4% decade−1) and decreasing intensities/frequencies of cold extremes (0.59°C decade−1/2.4% decade−1) during 1973–2018, and that these changes strengthen as regional mean warming intensifies. Unlike extreme high temperature, trends in extreme low temperature depend strongly on elevation, and the temporal evolution of such elevation‐dependency is dominated by rapid snow decline in high altitudes caused by regional mean warming. The stronger regional mean warming, the more significant elevation dependency of trends in extreme low temperatures. These results indicate that TP extreme temperature changes, especially at higher elevations, will become more significant in a warmer future, which has important implications for the ecosystems dependent on high‐elevation water resources.
Thermal stress triggers productive viral infection of a key coral reef symbiont
Authors: Grupstra Carsten G B , Howe-Kerr Lauren I , Veglia Alex J , Bryant Reb L , Coy Samantha R , Blackwelder Patricia L , Correa Adrienne M S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Climate change-driven ocean warming is increasing the frequency and severity of bleaching events, in which corals appear whitened after losing their dinoflagellate endosymbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae). Viral infections of Symbiodiniaceae may contribute to some bleaching signs, but little empirical evidence exists to support this hypothesis. We present the first temporal analysis of a lineage of Symbiodiniaceae-infecting positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses (“dinoRNAVs”) in coral colonies, which were exposed to a 5-day heat treatment (+2.1 °C). A total of 124 dinoRNAV major capsid protein gene “aminotypes” (unique amino acid sequences) were detected from five colonies of two closely related Pocillopora-Cladocopium (coral-symbiont) combinations in the experiment; most dinoRNAV aminotypes were shared between the two coral-symbiont combinations (64%) and among multiple colonies (82%). Throughout the experiment, seventeen dinoRNAV aminotypes were found only in heat-treated fragments, and 22 aminotypes were detected at higher relative abundances in heat-treated fragments. DinoRNAVs in fragments of some colonies exhibited higher alpha diversity and dispersion under heat stress. Together, these findings provide the first empirical evidence that exposure to high temperatures triggers some dinoRNAVs to switch from a persistent to a productive infection mode within heat-stressed corals. Over extended time frames, we hypothesize that cumulative dinoRNAV production in the Pocillopora-Cladocopium system could affect colony symbiotic status, for example, by decreasing Symbiodiniaceae densities within corals. This study sets the stage for reef-scale investigations of dinoRNAV dynamics during bleaching events.
Immunogenic cell death and its therapeutic or prognostic potential in high-grade glioma
Authors: Decraene Brecht , Yang Yihan , De Smet Frederik , Garg Abhishek D. , Agostinis Patrizia , De Vleeschouwer Steven 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) has emerged as a key component of therapy-induced anti-tumor immunity. Over the past few years, ICD was found to play a pivotal role in a wide variety of novel and existing treatment modalities. The clinical application of these techniques in cancer treatment is still in its infancy. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis despite maximal therapy. The development of new therapies in this aggressive type of tumors remains highly challenging partially due to the cold tumor immune environment. GBM could therefore benefit from ICD-based therapies stimulating the anti-tumor immune response. In what follows, we will describe the mechanisms behind ICD and the ICD-based (pre)clinical advances in anticancer therapies focusing on GBM.
Automated quantification of levels of breast terminal duct lobular (TDLU) involution using deep learning
Authors: de Bel Thomas , Litjens Geert , Ogony Joshua , Stallings-Mann Melody , Carter Jodi M. , Hilton Tracy , Radisky Derek C. , Vierkant Robert A. , Broderick Brendan , Hoskin Tanya L. , Winham Stacey J. , Frost Marlene H. , Visscher Daniel W. , Allers Teresa , Degnim Amy C. , Sherman Mark E. , van der Laak Jeroen A. W. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer the potential to generate comprehensive quantitative analysis of histologic features. Diagnostic reporting of benign breast disease (BBD) biopsies is usually limited to subjective assessment of the most severe lesion in a sample, while ignoring the vast majority of tissue features, including involution of background terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs), the structures from which breast cancers arise. Studies indicate that increased levels of age-related TDLU involution in BBD biopsies predict lower breast cancer risk, and therefore its assessment may have potential value in risk assessment and management. However, assessment of TDLU involution is time-consuming and difficult to standardize and quantitate. Accordingly, we developed a CNN to enable automated quantitative measurement of TDLU involution and tested its performance in 174 specimens selected from the pathology archives at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. The CNN was trained and tested on a subset of 33 biopsies, delineating important tissue types. Nine quantitative features were extracted from delineated TDLU regions. Our CNN reached an overall dice-score of 0.871 (±0.049) for tissue classes versus reference standard annotation. Consensus of four reviewers scoring 705 images for TDLU involution demonstrated substantial agreement with the CNN method (unweighted κappa = 0.747 ± 0.01). Quantitative involution measures showed anticipated associations with BBD histology, breast cancer risk, breast density, menopausal status, and breast cancer risk prediction scores (p < 0.05). Our work demonstrates the potential to improve risk prediction for women with BBD biopsies by applying CNN approaches to generate automated quantitative evaluation of TDLU involution.
A machine learning approach to map crystal orientation by optical microscopy
Authors: Wittwer Mallory , Seita Matteo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMapping grain orientation in crystalline solids is essential to investigate the relationships between local microstructure and crystallography and interpret materials properties. One of the main techniques used to perform these studies is electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Due to the limited measurement throughput, however, EBSD is not suitable for characterizing samples with long-range microstructure heterogeneity, nor for building large material libraries that include numerous specimens. We present a machine learning approach for high-throughput crystal orientation mapping, which relies on the optical technique called directional reflectance microscopy. We successfully apply our method on Inconel 718 specimens produced by additive manufacturing, which exhibit complex, spatially-varying microstructures. These results demonstrate that optical orientation mapping on a metal alloy is achievable. Since our method is data-driven, it can be easily extended to different alloy systems produced using different manufacturing processes.
Nodal multigap superconductivity in the anisotropic iron-based compound RbCa2Fe4As4F2
Authors: Torsello Daniele , Piatti Erik , Ummarino Giovanni Alberto , Yi Xiaolei , Xing Xiangzhuo , Shi Zhixiang , Ghigo Gianluca , Daghero Dario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe 12442 compounds are a recently discovered family of iron-based superconductors, that share several features with the cuprates due to their strongly anisotropic structure, but are so far poorly understood. Here, we report on the gap structure and anisotropy of RbCa2(Fe1−xNix)4As4F2 single crystals, investigated by a combination of directional point-contact Andreev-reflection spectroscopy and coplanar waveguide resonator measurements. Two gaps were identified, with clear signatures of d-wave-like nodal structures which persist upon Ni doping, well described by a two-band d − d state with symmetry-imposed nodes. A large London penetration depth anisotropy was revealed, weakly dependent on temperature and fully compatible with the d − d model.
mRNA booster immunization elicits potent neutralizing serum activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Authors: Gruell Henning , Vanshylla Kanika , Tober-Lau Pinkus , Hillus David , Schommers Philipp , Lehmann Clara , Kurth Florian , Sander Leif E. , Klein Florian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is causing a rapid increase in infections across the globe. This new variant of concern carries an unusually high number of mutations in key epitopes of neutralizing antibodies on the viral spike glycoprotein, suggesting potential immune evasion. Here we assessed serum neutralizing capacity in longitudinal cohorts of vaccinated and convalescent individuals, as well as monoclonal antibody activity against Omicron using pseudovirus neutralization assays. We report a near-complete lack of neutralizing activity against Omicron in polyclonal sera from individuals vaccinated with two doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine and from convalescent individuals, as well as resistance to different monoclonal antibodies in clinical use. However, mRNA booster immunizations in vaccinated and convalescent individuals resulted in a significant increase of serum neutralizing activity against Omicron. This study demonstrates that booster immunizations can critically improve the humoral immune response against the Omicron variant.
Source imaging of high-density visual evoked potentials with multi-scale brain parcellations and connectomes
Authors: Pascucci David , Tourbier Sebastien , Rué-Queralt Joan , Carboni Margherita , Hagmann Patric , Plomp Gijs 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe describe the multimodal neuroimaging dataset VEPCON (OpenNeuro Dataset ds003505). It includes raw data and derivatives of high-density EEG, structural MRI, diffusion weighted images (DWI) and single-trial behavior (accuracy, reaction time). Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded while participants (n = 20) discriminated briefly presented faces from scrambled faces, or coherently moving stimuli from incoherent ones. EEG and MRI were recorded separately from the same participants. The dataset contains raw EEG and behavioral data, pre-processed EEG of single trials in each condition, structural MRIs, individual brain parcellations at 5 spatial resolutions (83 to 1015 regions), and the corresponding structural connectomes computed from fiber count, fiber density, average fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity maps. For source imaging, VEPCON provides EEG inverse solutions based on individual anatomy, with Python and Matlab scripts to derive activity time-series in each brain region, for each parcellation level. The BIDS-compatible dataset can contribute to multimodal methods development, studying structure-function relations, and to unimodal optimization of source imaging and graph analyses, among many other possibilities.
Impact of regular additional endobiliary radiofrequency ablation on survival of patients with advanced extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma under systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Gonzalez-Carmona Maria A. , Möhring Christian , Mahn Robert , Zhou Taotao , Bartels Alexandra , Sadeghlar Farsaneh , Bolch Maximilian , Vogt Annabelle , Kaczmarek Dominik J. , Heling Dominik J. , Dold Leona , Nattermann Jacob , Branchi Vittorio , Matthaei Hanno , Manekeller Steffen , Kalff Jörg C. , Strassburg Christian P. , Mohr Raphael U. , Weismüller Tobias J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrognosis of patients with advanced extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) is poor. The current standard first-line treatment is systemic chemotherapy (CT) with gemcitabine and a platinum derivate. Additionally, endobiliary radiofrequency ablation (eRFA) can be applied to treat biliary obstructions. This study aimed to evaluate the additional benefit of scheduled regular eRFA in a real-life patient cohort with advanced extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma under standard systemic CT. All patients with irresectable eCCA treated at University Hospital Bonn between 2010 and 2020 were eligible for inclusion. Patients were stratified according to treatment: standard CT (n = 26) vs. combination of eRFA with standard CT (n = 40). Overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), feasibility and toxicity were retrospectively analyzed using univariate and multivariate approaches. Combined eRFA and CT resulted in significantly longer median OS (17.3 vs. 8.6 months, p = 0.004) and PFS (12.9 vs. 5.7 months, p = 0.045) compared to the CT only group. While groups did not differ regarding age, sex, tumor stage and chemotherapy treatment regimen, mean MELD was even higher (10.1 vs. 6.7, p = 0.015) in the eRFA + CT group. The survival benefit of concomitant eRFA was more evident in the subgroup with locally advanced tumors. Severe hematological toxicities (CTCAE grades 3 – 5) did not differ significantly between the groups. However, therapy-related cholangitis occurred more often in the combined treatment group (p = 0.031). Combination of eRFA and systemic CT was feasible, well-tolerated and could significantly prolong survival compared to standard CT alone. Thus, eRFA should be considered during therapeutic decision making in advanced eCCA.
Trehangelins ameliorate inflammation-induced skin senescence by suppressing the epidermal YAP-CCN1 axis
Authors: Yokota Mami , Kamiya Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Tamie , Ishikawa Shinsuke , Takeda Akira , Kondo Shinya , Tohgasaki Takeshi , Nakashima Takuji , Takahashi Yoko , Ōmura Satoshi , Sakurai Tetsuhito 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTrehangelins (THG) are newly identified trehalose compounds derived from broth cultures of an endophytic actinomycete, Polymorphospora rubra. THG are known to suppress Cellular Communication Network factor 1 (CCN1), which regulates collagen homeostasis in the dermis. Although the physical properties of THG suggest a high penetration of the stratum corneum, the effect of THG on the epidermis has not been reported. Here we describe a possible mechanism involved in skin aging focusing on the effect of THG on epidermal CCN1. This study shows that: (1) THG suppress epidermal CCN1 expression by inhibiting the translocation of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) to nuclei. (2) Epidermal CCN1, localized at the basement membrane, regulates the balance between the growth and differentiation of keratinocytes. (3) Keratinocytes secrete more CCN1 than fibroblasts, which leads to disruption of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix components. (4) The secretion of CCN1 from keratinocytes is increased by ultraviolet B exposure, especially in aged keratinocytes, and deteriorates the elastic fiber structures in the underlying dermis. (5) Topical application of THG ameliorates the structure of the basement membrane in ex vivo human skin explants. Taken together, THG might be a promising treatment for aged skin by suppressing the aberrant YAP-CCN1 axis.