bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covalently-Bonded Single-Site Ru-N2 Knitted into Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Boosting Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Lin , Yuan Saifei , Song Liping , Ren Hao , Xu Yuankang , He Manman , Zhang Yuheng , Wang Hang , Huang Yichao , Wei Tong , Zhang Jiangwei , Fan Zhuangjun , Himeda Yuichiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Developing highly efficient photocatalysts for converting CO2 into solar fuels is of great importance for energy sustainability. However, efficient photoreduction of CO2 over the heterogeneous catalyst is hindered by lack of precisely controlled active sites and poor contact between active sites and the semiconductor, which leads to low selectivity and poor photochemical stability of the catalyst. Herein, utilizing highly stable and readily tunable photoresponsive covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) as intriguing platforms, the well-defined molecular catalysts are directly knitting into CTFs by an in-situ covalent-bonding strategy for the first time to afford photo-responsive single-site Ru CTFs. The robust chemical knitting of molecular catalyst with porous CTFs provides the atomically dispersed catalytic sites, providing enhanced light absorption and CO2 diffusion. Significantly, the resulting Ru-CTF can reduce CO2 to formic acid under visible light with excellent selectivity (98.5%) and activity (6270 μmol·gcat-1), which greatly outperforms most other polymer semiconductors reported so far. However, the homogeneous Ru counterpart (Ru(dcbpy)(CO)2Cl2, dcbpy=2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarbonitrile) exhibits a low activity and deactivates within 1 h. Systematic investigations reveal that the introduction of single sites (Ru-N2) can promote photoinduced charge separation and CO2 activation, thus significantly enhancing the photocatalytic performance. The combination of in-situ fourier transform infrared spectrometer (in-situ FTIR), density functional theory (DFT) calculations and luminescence quench experiments were particularly investigated to confirm the possible photocatalytic CO2 reduction mechanism over Ru-CTF. This work provides a new pathway and significant insights into the design of CTF-based single-site photocatalysts for highly selective CO2 photoreduction.
Alcohol–based Hand Sanitizers amid COVID-19: Chemical Formulation, Analysis, Safety
Authors: Islam Md. Monarul , Ahmed Khondoker Shahin , Karim Md. Rezaul , Nath Bikash Dev , Moulick Shyama Prosad , Islam Rashedul , Ha Sharkar Md. Mahmudul , Hossain Md. Hemayet , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Jahan Md. Sarwar , Shaikh Md. Aftab Ali , Georghiou Paris E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHSs) containing ethanol (EtOH) or isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to inactivate microorganisms help to prevent the spread of respiratory diseases. These products have become very popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from vaccines or other preventative antiseptic measures, the majority of consumers have relied on different types of ABHSs to disinfect their hands. As a result, there has been a global rush in the demand for these ABHSs and other antiseptic hygiene products. This has resulted in the formation of many new commercial sanitizer producers. There are around fifty companies of varying sizes that have been marketing their ABHSs in Bangladesh, most of which have only been manufacturing their products for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic. To monitor the quality and components of these products, the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) analyzed approximately 200 different hand sanitizer samples using GC–FID mass spectrometry. All samples were alcohol-based except for 3 which were alcohol-free aqueous hand sanitizers. Of the supplied formulated ABHSs, 80 samples were found to contain only IPA and 54 contained only EtOH. However, 28 samples were found to be contaminated with methanol (MeOH), 7 samples contained only MeOH and 18 samples contained both EtOH and IPA. This is the first study to explore the analysis of alcohol content in formulated ABHSs and their marketing status in Bangladesh, but the findings could be of use in other jurisdictions as similar issues have been raised in many parts of the world.
Investigating the role of core needle biopsy in evaluating tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) of invasive breast cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Le Minh-Khang , Odate Toru , Kawai Masataka , Oishi Naoki , Kondo Tetsuo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PurposeTumor-stroma ratio (TSR) of invasive breast carcinoma has gained attention in recent years due to its prognostic significance. Previous studies showed TSR is a potential biomarker for indicating the tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, it is not clear how well TSR evaluation in biopsy specimens might reflect the TSR in resection specimens. We conducted a study to investigate whether biopsy evaluation of TSR can be an alternative method.MethodWe collected cases with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) from University of Yamanashi hospital between 2011 and 2017 whose biopy and resection specimens both had a pathologically diagnosis of IBC-NST (n=146). We conceptualized a method for evaluating TSR in biopsy specimens within a preliminary cohort (n=50). Within the studied cohort (n=96), biopsy-based TSR (b-TSR) and resection-based TSR (r-TSR) were scored by two pathologists. We then evaluated our method’s validity and performance by measuring interobserver variability between the two pathologists, Spearman’s correlation between b-TSR and r-TSR, and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis for defining stroma-rich and stroma-poor tumors.ResultsIntra-class coefficient between the two pathologists was 0.59. The correlation coefficients between b-TSR and r-TSR in the two pathologists were 0.45 and 0.37. The ROC areas under the curve were 0.7 and 0.67. By considering an r-TSR of < 50% as stroma-poor, the sensitivity and specificity of detecting stroma-poor tumors were 66% and 64.1%, respectively, when b-TSR was <40%.ConclusionAlthough b-TSR provides useful information about r-TSR in breast carcinoma, it should be combined with imaging investigations.
Risk factors and mortality for elderly patients with Bloodstream infection of Carbapenem resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae：a 10-year longitudinal study in China
Authors: Chen Yili , Chen Yao , Liu Pingjuan , Guo Penghao , Wu Zhongwen , Peng Yaqin , Deng Jiankai , Kong Yannan , Cui Yingpeng , Liao Kang , Huang Bin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), especially in elderly patients, results in higher morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors associated with CRKP BSI and mortality among elderly patients in China.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 252 inpatients aged ≥65 years with BSI caused by KP from January 2011 to December 2020 in China. Data regarding demographic, microbiological characteristics, and clinical outcome were collected.Result: Among the 252 BSI patients, there were 29 patients (11.5%) caused by CRKP and 223 patients (88.5%) by carbapenem-susceptible KP (CSKP). The overall 28-day mortality rate of elderly patients with a KP BSI episode was 10.7% (27/252), of which CRKP BSI patients (14 / 29, 48.3%) were significantly higher than CSKP patients (13 / 223, 5.83%) (P < 0.001). Hypertension (OR: 13.789, [95% CI: 3.883-48.969], P < 0.001), exposure to carbapenems (OR: 8.073, [95% CI: 2.066-31.537], P =0.003), and ICU stay (OR: 11.180, [95% CI: 2.663-46.933], P = 0.001) were found to be associated with the development of CRKP BSI in elderly patients. A multivariate analysis showed that isolation of CRKP (OR 6.032, 95% CI 1.728-21.055, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality of KP BSI.Conclusion: In elderly patients, hypertension, exposure to carbapenems and ICU stay were associated with the development of CRKP BSI. Active screening of CRKP for the high-risk populations, especially elderly patients, is significant for early detection and successful management of CRKP infection.
Evaluating the Visual Landscape Quality and Recreational Potential of Bolu Urban Forest in Turkey
Authors: CENGİZ Bülent 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The increase in the number of people living in cities leads to an increase in construction and unplanned urbanization, which promotes climate change impacts, a situation that also triggers the longing for nature by people. The Bolu Urban Forest is chosen as the study area because of its proximity to the city, being a D type recreation area and for many ecological benefits it provides to the city. Apart from the benefits provided by the area, for this study, in order to determine the visual landscape quality, a visual landscape quality questionnaire was distributed to a total of 250 university students. This sample was made up of Landscape Architecture, Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning and Forestry Engineering disciplines at Bartın University and Atatürk University to obtain preference data. Analysis was processed with SPSS 17.0 In visual landscape quality analysis; 14 photographs were evaluated separately according to 18 adjective pairs. According to the results of the visual landscape quality analysis preferred the clear and flowering areas in the Bolu Urban Forest the most. The areas with dense woods and fallen trees were the least preferred by the students of all departments. In this study, a low recreational use potential of 42% was determined for the existing recreation potential of the Bolu Urban Forest. The analysis and surveys made were done in order to increase the potential of use in the area, and suggestions were developed for the area by considering the protection-use balance of the area.
Simulation and experimental research on remote field eddy current technique for detecting defects in multi-layer plate structure
Authors: Kai Song , Rui Deng , Shaodong Fu , Huanhuan Ge , Ximing Cui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Multi-layer metal plate structure is an important load-bearing component of aircraft, which has the characteristics of large thickness and complex structure. The structure is easy to produce defects in service. Remote field eddy current technique (RFECT) can penetrate the tested component with large thickness. RFECT has the ability of detecting hidden defects with large buried depth. However, the traditional RFECT is limited by the structure of the sensor, which is commonly used in the detection of pipeline defects. In this paper, a plane remote field eddy current technique (PRFECT) sensor that adopts a new structure of coaxial placement of sensing coil and excitation coil is designed by simulation software ANSYS. The new PRFECT sensor can detect deeply buried defects in multi-layer plate structures with higher sensitivity. The influence law of defect size and buried depth on detection signals are obtained by simulation. Both simulation and test results prove the feasibility of the new structural PRFECT sensor for detecting hidden defects in multi-layer plate structure.
The utility of G8 screening for clinical practice of chemotherapy in older patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Doi Ayako , Mizukami Takuro , Takeda Hiroyuki , Umemoto Kumiko , Arai Hiroyuki , Horie Yoshiki , Izawa Naoki , Ogura Takashi , Sunakawa Yu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:Geriatric 8 (G8) is a useful screening tool for geriatric assessment for predicting survival or risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) in older cancer patients. However, the clinical utility of G8 is not well known in older patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer developing malnutrition. We investigated the association between G8 score and clinical outcomes in older patients with GI cancer.Methods: We retrospectively registered patients with GI cancer aged ≥65 years who received a G8 questionnaire at first visit from April 2018 to March 2020. The G8 score, SAE, dose reduction rate, discontinuation rate, and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Safety was assessed in all patients and OS in GI cancer patients with unresectable tumors.Results:In a total of 207 patients (median age: 75, range: 65–92, 56% of unresectable cancer), the median G8 score was 10.5 and the percentage of normal G8 score was only 6.8%. There was no clear association between G8 score and OS or SAEs in 143 (69%) patients received chemotherapy (CT). However, the median G8 score was significantly higher in patients with CT compared to those without CT (11.5 vs 10.0 months, p < 0.0001). One-hundred seven of 129 (83%) older patients with abnormal G8 score were treated with CT by treatment modification such as dose reduction, and they had no unexpected SAEs and better prognosis than those without CT. The rate of normal instrumental activity of daily life (IADL) was significantly higher in patients with CT compared to those without CT (64% vs. 23%, p < 0.0001). In addition, there was a significant difference in OS according to IADL even in patients with abnormal G8 score.Conclusions:There was no association between G8 score and OS or SAE in older patients with GI cancer; however, most patients with abnormal G8 score could receive CT safely and effectively through treatment modification. The IADL may be clinically useful to predict prognosis and determine the treatment plan for older patients.
Seasonal dynamics in picocyanobacterial abundance and clade composition at coastal and offshore stations in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Zufia Javier Alegria , Legrand Catherine , Farnelid Hanna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Picocyanobacteria (< 2 µm in diameter) are significant contributors to total phytoplankton biomass. Due to the high diversity within this group, their seasonal dynamics and relationship with environmental parameters, especially in brackish waters, are largely unknown. In this study, the abundance and community composition of phycoerythrin rich (PE-rich) and phycocyanin rich (PC-rich) picocyanobacteria were monitored at a coastal (K-station) and at an offshore station (LMO; ~10 km from land) in the Baltic Sea over three years (2018–2020). Cell abundances of picocyanobacteria correlated positively to temperature and negatively to nitrate (NO3) concentration. While PE-rich abundance correlated to the presence of nitrogen fixers, PC-rich abundance was linked to stratification/shallow waters. The picocyanobacterial targeted amplicon sequencing revealed an unprecedented diversity of 2169 picocyanobacterial amplicons sequence variants (ASVs). A unique assemblage of distinct picocyanobacterial clades across seasons was identified. Clade A/B dominated the picocyanobacterial community, except during summer when low NO3 and high phosphate (PO4) concentrations and warm temperatures promoted S5.2 dominance. This study, providing multiyear data, bridges the gap between Synechococcus/Cyanobium/Synechocystis phylogenetic classification and ecology. The difference in the response of the two functional groups and clades underscore the need for further high-resolution studies to understand their role in the ecosystem.
Feasibility study of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 after curative esophagectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Hirahara Noriyuki , Matsubara Takeshi , Kaji Shunsuke , Hayashi Hikota , Sasaki Yohei , Kawakami Koki , Hyakudomi Ryoji , Yamamoto Tetsu , Tajima Yoshitsugu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite advances in surgical techniques, long-term survival after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer remains unacceptably low, and more effective perioperative chemotherapy is expected. However, an important concern regarding the application of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is treatment toxicity. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 in patients after esophagectomy.
Methods
We investigated the tolerability of a 2-week administration followed by 1-week rest regimen of S1 as postoperative adjuvant therapy in 20 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and 22 patients who did not receive NAC during 2011–2020.
Results
In the non-NAC group, the mean and median relative dose intensity (RDI) were 78.7% and 99.4%, respectively, and 11 patients (50%) had altered treatment schedules. The corresponding rates in the NAC group were 77.9% and 100%, and 9 patients (45%) had altered treatment schedules, with no significant difference between the groups. Moreover, 17 patients (77.2%) in the non-NAC group and 16 patients (80.0%) in the NAC group continued S-1 treatment as planned for one year postoperatively, with no significant difference in the S-1 continuation rate (p = 0.500). Seventeen of 22 patients (77.3%) and 15 of 20 patients (75.0%) experienced several adverse events in the non-NAC and NAC groups, respectively. The frequency, severity, and type of adverse events were consistent among patients with and without NAC.
Conclusions
S-1 could be safely and continuously administered as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with esophageal cancer regardless of NAC. Long-term prognosis should be evaluated for S-1 to become the standard treatment after esophagectomy.
Placental vascular alterations lead to early neurodevelopmental and pulmonary impairment in the rabbit fetal growth restriction model
Authors: Valenzuela Ignacio , Basurto David , Regin Yannick , Gie Andre , Veeken Lennart van der , Vergote Simen , Muñoz-Moreno Emma , Leszczynski Bartosz , Deprest Jan , Merwe Johannes 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Fetal growth restriction is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity and has consequences that extend well beyond the neonatal period. Current management relies on timely delivery rather than improving placental function. Several prenatal strategies have failed to show benefit in clinical trials after promising results in animal models. Most of these animal models have important developmental and structural differences compared to the human and/or are insufficiently characterized. We aimed to describe placental function and structure in an FGR rabbit model, and to characterize the early brain and lung developmental morbidity using a multimodal approach. FGR was induced in time-mated rabbits at gestational day 25 by partial uteroplacental vessel ligation in one horn. Umbilical artery Doppler was measured before caesarean delivery at gestational day 30, and placentas were harvested for computed microtomography and histology. Neonates underwent neurobehavioral or pulmonary functional assessment the day after delivery, followed by brain or lung harvesting, respectively. Neuropathological assessment included multiregional quantification of neuron density, apoptosis, astrogliosis, cellular proliferation, and oligodendrocyte progenitors. Brain region volumes and diffusion metrics were obtained from ex -vivo brain magnetic resonance imaging. Lung assessment included biomechanical tests and pulmonary histology. Fetal growth restriction was associated with labyrinth alterations in the placenta, driven by fetal capillary reduction, and overall reduced vessels volume. FGR caused altered neurobehavior paralleled by regional neuropathological deficits and reduced fractional anisotropy in the cortex, white matter, and hippocampus. In addition, FGR kittens presented functional alterations in the peripheral lung and structurally underdeveloped alveoli. In conclusion, in a uteroplacental insufficiency FGR rabbit model, placental vascular alterations coincide with neurodevelopmental and pulmonary disruption.
Tigris River Water Quality Quantifying Using the Iraq Water Quality Index (IraqWQI) and Some Statistical Techniques
Authors: Abed Salwan Ali , Ewaid Salam Hussein , Chabuk Ali , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Laue Jan , Salim Mudhafar , Salih Riyadh M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Evaluation of water quality is important for the management of water resources. The current study is focused on water quality data monitoring analysis. of the Tigris River in Iraq by the application of the principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and water quality index (WQI). Twelve water quality parameters were taken from 14 stations along the river are Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+1, K+1, Cl-1, SO4-2, HCO3-1, NO3-1, TH, TDS, BOD5, and EC to apply the PCA and CA. The results show that the mean of all the variables was under the boundaries. except for EC, Ca+2, Mg+2, SO4-2, and TH. EC is the essential element impacting the consistency of the river water. The PCA has one major component which accounts for 97% of variance from various sources of pollution. The CA divided the river into three regions of sampling stations with similar water quality, the best in the north, and the worst in the far south. In this paper, the computer-automated tool (IraqWQI) was presented and evaluated, which has been developed by authors to classify and measure the quality of Iraqi surface water. The proposed index is of hundred degrees and includes six variables for drinking water quality are Cl-1, TH, TDS, COD, DO, and total coliform (TC) according to the Iraqi specifications. The result of the IraqWQI application showed decreasing in the water quality of the river and the suitability for drinking toward the south of the country. The best value of the index was (81.48, Good) in Fishkhabour during winter, and the worst value was (46.23, Bad) in Qurnah during summer. The study showed that the use of statistical technologies and WQI as useful instruments for the management, control, and protection of surface water has been effective and significant
Bovine Holo-lactoferrin inhibits migration and invasion in breast cancer cells
Authors: Rodriguez-Ochoa Ninive , Cortes-Reynosa Pedro , Rodriguez-Rojas Karem , Garza Mireya de la , Salazar Eduardo Perez 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in developed countries and the leading cause of deaths in women worldwide. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a non-haem iron-binding glycoprotein constituted for a single polypeptide chain folded into two symmetrical lobes that bind Fe2+ or Fe3+ and it has the ability to reversibly bind Fe3+ and then Lf is present free of Fe3+ (Apo-Lf) or associated with Fe3+ (Holo-Lf) with a different three-dimensional conformation. However, the role of bovine Apo-Lf (Apo-BLf) and/or Holo-BLf in the inhibition of migration/invasion induced by linoleic acid (LA) and fetal bovine serum (FBS), and in the expression of mesenchymal and epithelial proteins in breast cancer cells remains to be clarified. Methods and results Based on scratch wound assays results demonstrate that BLf does not induce migration, but Holo-BLf and Apo-BLf differentially inhibit the migration induced by fetal bovine serum (FBS) and linoleic acid (LA) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Moreover, based on western blot, invasion, zymography and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, findings demonstrate that Holo-BLf partly inhibit the invasion, FAK phosphorylation at tyrosine (Tyr)-397, secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and an increase in the number and size of focal adhesions induced by FBS in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, Holo-BLf induced inhibition of vimentin expression in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Conclusion Findings demonstrate that Holo-BLf inhibit cell processes involved with the invasion process in breast cancer cells.