bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boarding schools: A longitudinal examination of Australian Indigenous and non‐Indigenous boarders’ and non‐boarders’ wellbeing
Authors: Dillon Anthony , Craven Rhonda G. , Guo Jiesi , Yeung Alexander S. , Mooney Janet , Franklin Alicia , Brockman Rob 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImproving educational outcomes for Indigenous Australian students is a key strategy to helping Indigenous people reach their full potential. This has resulted in well‐intentioned efforts by Australian educators and governments to ensure Indigenous children have positive school experiences. However, Indigenous students still lag behind their non‐Indigenous counterparts in educational outcomes. This is particularly so for Indigenous students living in rural and remote parts of Australia where educational opportunities are limited, especially in high school. One solution to this problem has been to enrol these students in boarding schools in urban and metropolitan centres. While research on the success of boarding schools for Indigenous students is scarce, what little that does exist is not encouraging. The focus of this research was to examine the effects of boarding for Indigenous (n = 11) and non‐Indigenous students’ (n = 158) wellbeing (N = 1423) in two large private boys’ schools. Participating students aged 12–18 years old completed a survey measuring wellbeing constructs on two occasions, 12 months apart. Non‐Indigenous boys were generally higher in wellbeing compared with Indigenous boys. There was also evidence of improved social wellbeing beyond that of non‐Indigenous boarders over time. Overall, while evidence of merit was weak, boarding schools may benefit their Indigenous students’ development in social wellbeing.
Négligence managériale et acceptabilité sociale: Le cas énergie est (2012–2017)
Authors: Facal Joseph , Thibault Jean‐François 
Published: March 2022

RésuméNous proposons une étude qualitative de l’échec du projet d'oléoduc Énergie Est de l'entreprise albertaine TransCanada. Nous expliquons cet échec par sa sous‐estimation des dynamiques politiques et sociales. Nous concluons que les gestionnaires doivent prendre au sérieux le défi de l'acceptabilité sociale, devenu incontournable, et ne pas le réduire à un enjeu de gestion, mais y voir plutôt une occasion de renouveler leur conception de la vie collective.
Comorbidities in hereditary angioedema—A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Sundler Björkman Linda , Persson Barbro , Aronsson David , Skattum Lillemor , Nordenfelt Patrik , Egesten Arne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn hereditary angioedema (HAE), low levels (type 1) or defect in function (type 2) of the serine‐protease inhibitor C1 Inhibitor protein results in activation of the classical pathway of the complement system as well as the contact system. Here, we investigated the risk of comorbidities in HAE.MethodsIndividuals with HAE (n = 239; identified through a physician made diagnosis) and a control cohort from the general population (n = 2383; matched for age, gender, and county of residence) were compared with the Swedish inpatient, cause of death, cancer, and prescription registers. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the data.ResultsIncreased risk of cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–2.54), including arterial (OR 6.74; 95% CI 1.89–24.06) and venous thromboembolic disease (OR 4.20; 95% CI 2.42–7.23) as well as hypertension (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.12–2.39) was seen in HAE. There was also an increased number of individuals diagnosed with hyperlipidemia (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.16–3.50) among HAE patients. Furthermore, the risk of autoimmune disease was increased (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.15–2.35) being particularly pronounced for systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 71.87; 95% CI 8.80–586.7). The risk of having two or more autoimmune diseases was also higher among HAE patients (p = 0.017). In contrast, the risk of cancer was not increased. Data from the prescription register revealed higher prescription rates of drugs against hypertension, hypothyroidism, and hyperlipidemia among HAE patients.ConclusionsThe results warrant for awareness and prevention of comorbid conditions, in particular, thromboembolic and autoimmune diseases in HAE. Future prophylactic interventions may modify these risks.
Dysfunction of S100A4+ effector memory CD8+ T cells aggravates asthma
Authors: Zhang Huilei , Liu Shuangqing , Li Yanan , Li Jianru , Ni Chen , Yang Ming , Dong Jun , Wang Zhaoqing , Qin Zhihai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProgressive loss of effector functions, especially IFN‐γ secreting capability, in effector memory CD8+ T (CD8+ TEM) cells plays a crucial role in asthma worsening. However, the mechanisms of CD8+ TEM cell dysfunction remain elusive. Here, we report that S100A4 drives CD8+ TEM cell dysfunction, impairing their protective memory response and promoting asthma worsening in an ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced asthmatic murine model. We find that CD8+ TEM cells contain two subsets based on S100A4 expression. S100A4+ subsets exhibit dysfunctional effector phenotypes with increased proliferative capability, whereas S100A4− subsets retain effector function but are more inclined to apoptosis, giving rise to a dysfunctional CD8+ TEM cell pool. Mechanistically, S100A4 upregulation of mitochondrial metabolism results in a decrease of acetyl‐CoA levels, which impair the transcription of effector genes, especially ifn‐γ, facilitating cell survival, tolerance, and memory potential. Our findings thus reveal general insights into how S100A4+ CD8+ TEM cells reprogram into dysfunctional and less protective phenotypes to aggravate asthma.
Shining light on ZnIn2S4 photocatalysts: Promotional effects of surface and heterostructure engineering toward artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Oh Valerie Bei‐Yuan , Ng Sue‐Faye , Ong Wee‐Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe gradual depletion of fossil fuel reserves that contribute to ~85% of global energy production and release of toxic effluents urges the transformation toward renewable fuels. Thus, the sustainable utilization of sunlight for water splitting and CO2 reduction with heterogeneous photocatalysts has come to light. As a semiconductor photocatalyst, ZnIn2S4 has hit the limelight owing to its narrow bandgap and visible‐light‐responsive properties. However, the limitations of ZnIn2S4 include limited active sites, fast charge‐carrier recombination, and low photoconversion efficiency. Beginning from the fundamental photocatalytic mechanism, this review then provides in‐depth insights into several modification strategies of ZnIn2S4, extending from defect engineering, facet engineering, cocatalyst loading to junction engineering, enabling the synergistic construction of high‐performance ZnIn2S4‐based systems. Subsequently, the structure‐performance relation of ZnIn2S4‐based photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution (HER), overall water splitting (OWS), and CO2 reduction applications in the last 4 years will be discussed and concluded by the future perspectives of this frontier.image
Energy, exergy, and cost analysis of solar powered desiccant air conditioning system
Authors: Kumar Amit , Mehla Neeraj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the present work, solar powered desiccant air conditioning system (SPDAC) is operated for two different modes (a) cooling & dehumidification (b) heating & humidification under summer and winter climatic conditions, respectively. The SPDAC consists of evacuated tube solar water heater, silica gel coated heat exchanger, heat exchanger and direct & indirect evaporative cooling unit. The performance of the SPDAC is evaluated in terms of energy & exergy cooling/heating capacity, COP and economic & exergoeconomic feasibility. The energy & exergy cooling capacity and energy & exergy COP of the SPDAC during cooling and dehumidification modes are 648.2 W & 254.1 W, and 0.45 & 0.35, respectively. Whereas, the energy & exergy cooling capacity and energy & exergy COP of the SPDAC during heating and humidification mode are 847.4 W, 427.9 W, 0.87, and 0.45, respectively. The economic and exergoeconomic analysis indicates the reliability of the SPDAC system and also proves to be efficient in terms of payback period (43.8 months). The outcomes demonstrate that the SPDAC is more compelling in heating & humidification mode under winter climatic conditions. The overall results of the system confirmed that the use of silica gel coated heat exchanger is practicable to run the system in both seasons.
Numerical investigation of the influence of the source and detector position for optical measurement of lung volume and oxygen content in preterm infants
Authors: Pacheco Andrea , Jayet Baptiste , Svanberg Emilie Krite , Dehghani Hamid , Dempsey Eugene , Andersson‐Engels Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is an urgent need for improved respiratory surveillance of preterm infants. Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) is emerging as a potential clinical cutaneous monitoring tool of lung functions in neonates. A challenge in the clinical translation of GASMAS is to obtain sufficiently high signal‐to‐noise ratios in the measurements, since the light attenuation is high in human tissue. Previous GASMAS studies on piglets have shown higher signal quality with an internal source, as more light propagates through the lung and the loss due to scattering and absorption is less. In this article we simulated light propagation with an intratracheal and a dermal source, and investigated the signal quality and lung volume probed. The results suggest that GASMAS has the potential to measure respiratory volumes; and the sensitivity is higher for an intratracheal source which also enables to probe most of the lung.
Identification of ENPP1 Haploinsufficiency in Patients With Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis and Early-Onset Osteoporosis
Authors: Kato Hajime , Ansh Anenya J , Lester Ethan R , Kinoshita Yuka , Hidaka Naoko , Hoshino Yoshitomo , Koga Minae , Taniguchi Yuki , Uchida Taisuke , Yamaguchi Hideki , Niida Yo , Nakazato Masamitsu , Nangaku Masaomi , Makita Noriko , Takamura Toshinari , Saito Taku , Braddock Demetrios T , Ito Nobuaki 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Homozygous ENPP1 mutations are associated with autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 2 (ARHR2), severe ossification of the spinal ligaments, and generalized arterial calcification of infancy type 1. There are a limited number of reports on phenotypes associated with heterozygous ENPP1 mutations. Here, we report a series of three probands and their families with heterozygous and compound heterozygous ENPP1 mutations. The first case (case 1) was a 47-year-old male, diagnosed with early-onset osteoporosis and low-normal serum phosphate levels, which invoked suspicion for hypophosphatemic rickets. The second and third cases were 77- and 54-year-old females who both presented with severe spinal ligament ossification and the presumptive diagnosis of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). Upon workup, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) was noted to be relatively high in case 2 and serum phosphorous was low-normal in case 3, and the diagnoses of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) and ARHR2 were considered. Genetic testing for genes related to congenital hypophosphatemic rickets was therefore performed, revealing heterozygous ENPP1 variants in cases 1 and 2 (case 1, c.536A&gt;G, p.Asn179Ser; case 2, c.1352A&gt;G, p.Tyr451Cys) and compound heterozygous ENPP1 variants in case 3 constituting the same variants present in cases 1 and 2 (c.536A&gt;G, p.Asn179Ser and c.1352A&gt;G, p.Tyr451Cys). Several in silico tools predicted the two variants to be pathogeneic, a finding confirmed by in vitro biochemical analysis demonstrating that the p.Asn179Ser and p.Tyr451Cys ENPP1 variants possessed a catalytic velocity of 45% and 30% compared with that of wild-type ENPP1, respectively. Both variants were therefore categorized as pathogenic loss-of-function mutations. Our findings suggest that ENPP1 mutational status should be evaluated in patients presenting with the diagnosis of idiopathic DISH, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), and early-onset osteoporosis. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
More intense daily precipitation in CORDEX‐SEA regional climate models than their forcing global climate models over Southeast Asia
Authors: Nguyen Phuong‐Loan , Bador Margot , Alexander Lisa V. , Lane Todd P. , Ngo‐Duc Thanh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ability of regional climate models (RCMs) to accurately simulate the current climate is increasingly important for impact assessments over Southeast Asia (SEA), identified as one of the world's most vulnerable regions to climate change. In this study, we evaluate the performance of a set of regional high‐resolution simulations from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment‐SEA (CORDEX‐SEA) in simulating rainfall over the region. Simulations of the 1982–2005 seasonal mean climatology of daily precipitation and precipitation distribution over land are compared to observations from different sources (i.e., in situ‐based and satellite‐based). We also evaluate to what extent the precipitation distribution in RCMs is closer to observations than their associated forcing global climate models (GCMs). Observational estimates of precipitation over SEA have large uncertainties, making the model evaluations complicated. Despite these difficulties, our results highlight that RCMs can reproduce some complexities in the spatial distribution of seasonal rainfall but generally have a larger wet bias than GCMs. This is particularly true for the extremes in which RCMs show a large overestimation of rainfall intensity. There are some precipitation quantiles and grid points in which RCMs show limited reductions in biases compared to observations, but there is no consistency across all simulations and RCMs are generally further away from observations than their forcing GCMs. We find that greater intensity in RCMs over CORDEX‐SEA compared to their associated forcing GCMs is firstly associated with the increased supply of moisture from both local and large‐scale sources. Second, a widespread increase in convective precipitation is found across the region in RCMs. Our findings suggest that a model's ability to simulate precipitation over the region relies more on the RCM setup itself (e.g., parameterization scheme), rather than its forcing GCM. This should be considered when assessing the reliability of RCM precipitation simulations for future projections.
Rainfall variability in Brazil between 1920 and 2010
Authors: Costa Peres Tainã , Bayer Maier Éder Leandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrecipitation variability in Brazil was investigated using reanalysis data from the Global Historical Climatology Network—Monthly, version 3.01, within 1920–2010, provided freely by the University of Delaware. The analysis of space‐temporal pattern was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) in temporal and spatial modes. It also intends to contribute with the literature that characterizes the patterns of spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation in Brazil. Temporal grouping allowed the identification of five spatial models that represents the spatial distribution of the precipitation, explained variance of 38%. Spatial grouping mode zoned through six temporal models of the areas with partially homogeneous precipitation, explained variance of 22.69%. In equatorial latitudes, the models identified Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) latitudinal and temporal variability in North and South Hemispheres. In tropical latitudes, the models evidenced anomalous precipitation due to South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) and South America Monsoon System. In subtropical latitudes, rainfall spatial anomalous patterns were associated to the di‐pole pattern between tropical and subtropical latitudes, which shows the influence of the climatic variability modes, especially El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Therefore, it was diagnosed that the anomalies of the atmospheric mechanisms that occur seasonally, such as SACZ and ITCZ, are the ones that cause the higher frequency in the percentage of rainfall variance, which might be explained by the frequency of the occurrence. However, remote factors, such as the occurrence in different temporal scales, interannual and interdecennial, were represented in different spatial and temporal models, as the events of variability modes vary spatially, seasonally and in intensity. It is important to highlight that the modes of climatic variability may influence the atmospheric mechanisms identified in this study, nevertheless, their impact were not evidenced in the space‐temporal scales analysed. The results are relevant to understand the space‐temporal variability of rainfall over Brazil.
Clustering of large‐scale circulation patterns during tropical cyclone preformation period using self‐organizing maps
Authors: Wang Zi‐Qing , Chen Guang‐Hua , Zhao Yu‐Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased on self‐organizing maps (SOM), clustering analysis is performed on the lower‐level large‐scale flow fields centred at the tropical cyclone (TC) genesis points averaged over the 24‐hr TC preformation period. A total of 461 TCs over the western North Pacific (WNP) from June to November in 2000–2019 are classified into five patterns, that is, convergence (CON) pattern, monsoon trough (MT) pattern, pre‐existing cyclone (PC) pattern, subtropical high (SH) pattern and easterly wave (EW) pattern. The most frequent and southmost pattern, the CON pattern, is characterized by a confluent zone of monsoonal southwesterly flows and easterly flows. The second dominant pattern, the MT pattern, occurs the westmost and has a larger cyclonic vorticity in the strongest monsoon trough among the five patterns. In contrast, cyclogenesis in the SH pattern is featured by both the confluent zone and the cyclonic wind shear largely attributed to the subtropical high. The PC pattern features a pre‐existing cyclone to the northwest. The EW pattern with easterly flows in all four adjacent quadrants has the smallest number of TC formation and relatively northeast genesis location. Statistics also shows that the CON pattern dominates in late season, while the other four mainly appear in summertime. Large‐scale environmental conditions are quantified and comparisons with previous studies are also discussed.
Atmospheric and oceanic conditions associated with early and late onset for Eastern Africa short rains
Authors: Gudoshava Masilin , Wainwright Caroline , Hirons Linda , Endris Hussen S. , Segele Zewdu T. , Woolnough Steve , Atheru Zachary , Artan Guleid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTiming of the rainy season is essential for a number of climate sensitive sectors over Eastern Africa. This is particularly true for the agricultural sector, where most activities depend on both the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall throughout the season. Using a combination of observational and reanalysis datasets, the present study investigates the atmospheric and oceanic conditions associated with early and late onset for Eastern Africa short rains season (October–December). Our results indicate enhanced rainfall in October and November during years with early onset and rainfall deficit in years with late onset for the same months. Early onset years are found to be associated with warmer sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the western Indian Ocean, and an enhanced moisture flux and anomalous low‐level flow into Eastern Africa from as early as the first dekad of September. The late onset years are characterized by cooler SSTs in the western Indian Ocean, anomalous westerly moisture flux and zonal flow limiting moisture supply to the region. The variability in onset date is separated into the interannual and decadal components, and the links with SSTs and low‐level circulation over the Indian Ocean basin are examined separately for both timescales. Significant correlations are found between the interannual variability of the onset and the Indian Ocean dipole mode index. On decadal timescales the onset is shown to be partly driven by the variability of the SSTs over the Indian Ocean. Understanding the influence of these potentially predictable SST and moisture patterns on onset variability has huge potential to improve forecasts of the East African short rains. Improved prediction of the variability of the rainy season onset has huge implications for improving key strategic decisions and preparedness action in many sectors, including agriculture.
Amniotic membrane attenuates heterotopic ossification following high‐dose bone morphogenetic protein‐2 treatment of segmental bone defects
Authors: Priddy Lauren B. , Krishnan Laxminarayanan , Hettiaratchi Marian H. , Karthikeyakannan Sukhita , Gupte Nikhil , Guldberg Robert E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTreatment of large bone defects with supraphysiological doses of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) has been associated with complications including heterotopic ossification (HO), inflammation, and pain, presumably due to poor spatiotemporal control of BMP‐2. We have previously recapitulated extensive HO in our rat femoral segmental defect model by treatment with high‐dose BMP‐2 (30 μg). Using this model and BMP‐2 dose, our objective was to evaluate the utility of a clinically available human amniotic membrane (AM) around the defect space for guided bone regeneration and reduction of HO. We hypothesized that AM surrounding collagen sponge would attenuate heterotopic ossification compared with collagen sponge alone. In vitro, AM retained more BMP‐2 than a synthetic poly(ε‐caprolactone) membrane through 21 days. In vivo, as hypothesized, the collagen + AM resulted in significantly less heterotopic ossification and correspondingly, lower total bone volume (BV), compared with collagen sponge alone. Although bone formation within the defect was delayed with AM around the defect, by 12 weeks, defect BVs were equivalent. Torsional stiffness was significantly reduced with AM but was equivalent to that of intact bone. Collagen + AM resulted in the formation of dense fibrous tissue and mineralized tissue, while the collagen group contained primarily mineralized tissue surrounded by marrow‐like structures. Especially in conjunction with high doses of growth factor delivered via collagen sponge, these findings suggest AM may be effective as an overlay adjacent to bone healing sites to spatially direct bone regeneration and minimize heterotopic ossification.