bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing pattern of renal disease in children at pediatric nephrology clinic of a tertiary teaching hospital, Nepal: 10-year review
Authors: Kansakar Prerana , Anjum Md Feroz , Daha Sunil Kumar , Karn Anish 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Children present with different renal diseases with variations according to different geographic locations. This study aims to determine the trend of pediatric renal disease presenting.
Method: This retrospective study from pediatric nephrology clinic register during 2008 to May 2018 at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal to analyze the changing pattern of renal disease. The prevalence and characteristic of renal diseases were compared between the 1st and 2nd 5-y period, the age at presentation and gender was analyzed. Mean age at presentation was analyzed by independent t-test, a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. The study was approved by the ethical committee.
Result: A total of 352 children visited the nephrology clinic, male:female ratio 1.42:1, mean age 6.25±4.5 y, the majority in 0-5 y. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tracts (CAKUT) were 39%, mostly vesicoureteral reflux. Acute glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome were seen in 32.7% and 23.6%. Children <5 y of age presented with CAKUT while ≥5 y with acute glomerulonephritis. The mean age at presentation for CAKUT was 2.9±3 y and acquired diseases 8.46±3.91 y, p-value<0.05; and for glomerulonephritis 9.8±2.91 y and nephrotic syndrome 6.91±4.08 y, p-value<0.05.
Conclusion: There was a decrease in the number of children visiting the nephrology clinic. Children <5 y presented with CAKUT while ≥5 y had acquired conditions. Children with acute glomerulonephritis were of a higher age than children with nephrotic syndrome.
Predictive factors for recovery from adult growth hormone deficiency after transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma
Authors: Kinoshita Yasuyuki , Taguchi Akira , Tominaga Atsushi , Arita Kazunori , Yamasaki Fumiyuki 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Recovery from adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) has not been well discussed because of the lack of examinations including pituitary provocation tests (PPTs) before and after the procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the growth hormone (GH) axis function of patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) via pre- and postoperative PPTs. Moreover, the predictive factors for recovery from AGHD after TSS were validated to facilitate surgery for AGHD in patients with NFPA.

METHODS
In total, 276 patients (median age 60.0 years) who underwent TSS for NFPA were included in this study. PPTs were performed before and 3 months after TSS. Then, the relationships between recovery from AGHD after TSS and clinical, surgical, and hormonal factors, including peak GH level based on PPTs, were evaluated statistically.

RESULTS
In this study, 114 patients were diagnosed with preoperative AGHD. Approximately 25.4% recovered from AGHD after TSS. In contrast, among the 162 patients without preoperative AGHD, 13 (8.0%) had newly developed postoperative AGHD. The predictive factors for recovery from AGHD were younger age, female sex, initial TSS, and high peak GH level based on preoperative PPT. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, patients who were aged ≤ 62.2 years and had a peak GH level of ≥ 0.74 μg/L based on preoperative PPT were likely to recover from AGHD (sensitivity: 82.8%, specificity: 72.9%, and area under the curve: 0.8229).

CONCLUSIONS
AGHD caused by NFPA can improve after initial TSS among young patients with certain peak GH levels assessed by preoperative PPT. Whether TSS for NFPA can promote recovery from AGHD is worth considering in some patients.
Cumulative strain-based metrics for predicting subconcussive head impact exposure–related imaging changes in a cohort of American youth football players
Authors: Miller Logan E. , Urban Jillian E. , Espeland Mark A. , Walkup Michael P. , Holcomb James M. , Davenport Elizabeth M. , Powers Alexander K. , Whitlow Christopher T. , Maldjian Joseph A. , Stitzel Joel D. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Youth football athletes are exposed to repetitive subconcussive head impacts during normal participation in the sport, and there is increasing concern about the long-term effects of these impacts. The objective of the current study was to determine if strain-based cumulative exposure measures are superior to kinematic-based exposure measures for predicting imaging changes in the brain.

METHODS
This prospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted from 2012 to 2017 and assessed youth, male football athletes. Kinematic data were collected at all practices and games from enrolled athletes participating in local youth football organizations in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and were used to calculate multiple risk-weighted cumulative exposure (RWE) kinematic metrics and 36 strain-based exposure metrics. Pre- and postseason imaging was performed at Wake Forest School of Medicine, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, including fractional anisotropy (FA), and its components (CL, CP, and CS), and mean diffusivity (MD), were investigated. Included participants were youth football players ranging in age from 9 to 13 years. Exclusion criteria included any history of previous neurological illness, psychiatric illness, brain tumor, concussion within the past 6 months, and/or contraindication to MRI.

RESULTS
A total of 95 male athletes (mean age 11.9 years [SD 1.0 years]) participated between 2012 and 2017, with some participating for multiple seasons, resulting in 116 unique athlete-seasons. Regression analysis revealed statistically significant linear relationships between the FA, linear coefficient (CL), and spherical coefficient (CS) and all strain exposure measures, and well as the planar coefficient (CP) and 8 strain measures. For the kinematic exposure measures, there were statistically significant relationships between FA and RWE linear (RWEL) and RWE combined probability (RWECP) as well as CS and RWEL. According to area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) analysis, the best-performing metrics were all strain measures, and included metrics based on tensile, compressive, and shear strain.

CONCLUSIONS
Using ROC curves and AUC analysis, all exposure metrics were ranked in order of performance, and the results demonstrated that all the strain-based metrics performed better than any of the kinematic metrics, indicating that strain-based metrics are better discriminators of imaging changes than kinematic-based measures. Studies relating the biomechanics of head impacts with brain imaging and cognitive function may allow equipment designers, care providers, and organizations to prevent, identify, and treat injuries in order to make football a safer activity.
Auditoría Integral En La Contratación De Servidores Públicos En El Gobierno Regional De Amazonas Periodo 2020
Authors: Contreras Portocarrero Juana del Pilar , Huárac Quispe Yohnny , Blas Ghiggo Fausto Gilberto , Morillo Pereda Sherley Catherine 
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo hacer una correlación sobre la auditoría integral y la contratación de servidores público en el Gobierno Regional de Amazonas. Inicialmente se plantean algunos antecedentes relacionados con la auditoría integral y la contratación de servidores públicos; posteriormente se realiza una conceptualización de la Auditoría integral como herramienta para mitigar riesgos y tomar decisiones oportunas para el logro de los objetivos de la institución, Se concluyó que existe evidencia para afirmar que la auditoría integral se relaciona significativamente con la contratación de servidores públicos, siendo que el coeficiente de correlación Rho de Spearman de 0.9.10, en el cual se presenta una correlación alta entre las variables. Palabras Clave: auditoria integral, contratación de servidores públicos
La Coexistencia De Los Regimenes Laborales En El Istituto Nacional Penitenciario
Authors: Sánchez Medina Ángela Patricia , Ramirez Chavarria Eresvita , Ysla Urquiza Jose Alberto 
Published: January 2022

La investigación tiene por objetivo realizar un análisis de la coexistencia de diferentes regímenes laborales en el establecimiento en el penal Virgen de Fátima -INPE, donde utilizan una metodología de investigación cualitativa para explorar las categorías. Entre sus resultados, se ha podido demostrar que el INPE, existen una serie de coexistencia de regímenes laborales, las cuales no ayudan mucho debido a que cada una tiene diferentes tipos de objetivos laborales para la contratación. Los entrevistados mencionan que no existe meritocracia en el centro penitenciario, debido a que el 50% de existe corrupción y los puestos son elegidos a dedo, por este motivo, tampoco existe muchas oportunidades de crecer profesionalmente. Con respecto a las remuneraciones este se encuentra muy lejano a la realidad en que cada persona debe recibir, si bien es una cantidad que puede cubrir ciertas necesidades, existen otros problemas como es el caso de trabajadores que tengan algún problema con las internas, como alguna discusión o conflicto, teniendo el riesgo de golpes como peleas.
Palabras clave: Coexistencia, Regímenes laborales, Establecimiento, Penal Virgen de Fátima, INPE.
Do dietary interventions improve health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis? A Cochrane Review summary with commentary
Authors: Amatya Bhasker , Khan Fary 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: A broad range of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches, including different dietary interventions, alone or in conjunction with conventional medicine are currently trailed in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Published clinical and experimental data suggest that certain dietary interventions may improve MS-related health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions to improve MS-related health outcomes. METHODS: To summarize the updated Cochrane Review “Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis-related outcomes” conducted by Parks et al. Best available evidence was discussed from the rehabilitation perspective. RESULTS: Overall 30 RCTs (with 2335 participants) evaluated a range of dietary interventions: polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidant supplements, dietary programmes and other dietary supplements. All included trials had one or more methodological issues leading to an unknown or high risk of bias. The findings suggest that the evidence is uncertain about the effect of dietary interventions on MS-related health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence for dietary interventions in people with MS is sparse and uncertain, and more robust studies are needed.
Cradle-to-Prison Pipeline
Authors: Singleton Everett B. 
Published: January 2022

Youth who experience academic failure are at a greater risk for involvement in delinquency. While studies have revealed a myriad of factors for such failure, the perceptions of these youth regarding their educational experiences have proven to be one of the most valuable resources regarding the systematic barriers to academic achievement. The purpose of this essay is to examine how youth of color are overwhelming affected by a phenomenon known as Cradle-to-Prison Pipeline. Several school districts in the U. S. employ harsh discipline practices that inevitably push students out of classrooms, on the streets, and in the juvenile justice system at an astounding rate. Students of color experience higher rates of suspensions, expulsion, truancy, retention, and academic failure in schools. Harsh discipline polices, along with bias and discrimination have a direct or indirect impact on their academic journey, including feeling of inferiority due to their academic shortcomings.
*The original version of this article included the term Native Indigenous students. Per the authors request, the term Native Indigenous has been replaced with Indigenous.
Perilaku Pencarian Informasi dan Literasi Kesehatan Digital Mahasiswa Universitas Terbuka yang Terpapar Covid-19
Authors: Riady Yasir 
Published: January 2022

Digital communication technology plays an important role in succeeding the message of the importance of government health communication and public health authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nowadays both the Internet, social media and social networks have become an important source of health-related information about COVID-19 and the development of both the latest information, prevention and if exposed to what to do during isolation or communicating with local COVID-19 task force officers and the surrounding community. In addition, information related to COVID-19 is spreading faster than the coronavirus itself, which interferes with communication efforts related to government health, especially hoax and misguided news. Therefore, digital health literacy is the main competency to make the COVID-19 web-based information and service environment better and prevent misinformation received by the community. This paper tries to review the digital information literacy obtained by Open University students during exposure to covid-19, on whether there are obstacles received by UT students, what information they are looking for, how the search pattern of information and access to information used, and how the student can still attend lectures at the Open University both through webinar tutorials, online tutorials and UAS Take Home Exam despite exposure to covid-19.

Teknologi komunikasi digital memainkan peran penting dalam mensukseskan pesan pentingnya komunikasi kesehatan pemerintah dan otoritas kesehatan masyarakat selama pandemi COVID-19. Saat ini baik Internet, sosial media dan sosial network telah menjadi sumber penting informasi terkait kesehatan tentang COVID-19 dan perkembangannya baik informasi terkini, pencegahan dan jika terpapar apa yang harus dilakukan selama isolasi atau pun berkomunikasi dengan petugas satgas COVID-19. Selain itu, informasi terkait COVID-19 menyebar lebih cepat dari virus corona itu sendiri yang mengganggu upaya komunikasi terkait kesehatan pemerintah khususnya berita hoaks. Oleh karena itu, literasi kesehatan digital merupakan kompetensi utama untuk membuat lingkungan informasi dan layanan berbasis web COVID-19 lebih baik dan mencegah misinformasi yang diterima oleh masyarakat. Tulisan ini mencoba mengulas literasi informasi digital yang didapatkan oleh mahasiswa Universitas Terbuka, apakah ada kendala yang diterima oleh mahasiswa UT, informasi apa yang mereka cari, bagaimana pola pencarian inforamasinya dan akses informasi yang digunakan, serta bagaimana mahasiswa tersebut tetap bisa mengikuti perkuliahan di Universitas Terbuka baik melalui tutorial webinar, tutorial online, dan UAS Take Home Exam meskipun terpapar covid-19.
Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoisotrops Using Carallia brachiata Leaf Extract and Their Catalytic Application in the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol
Authors: Ahmad Kuthi Najwa , Chandren Sheela , Basar Norazah , Jamil Mohamad Shazwan Shah 
Published: January 2022

The past decade has observed a significant surge in efforts to discover biological systems for the fabrication of metal nanoparticles. Among these methods, plant-mediated synthesis has garnered sizeable attention due to its rapid, cost-effective, environmentally benign single-step procedure. This study explores a step-wise, room-temperature protocol for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Carallia brachiata, a mangrove species from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The effects of various reaction parameters, such as incubation time, metal ion concentration, amount of extract and pH, on the formation of stable colloids were monitored using UV-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrophotometry. Our findings revealed that the physicochemical properties of the AuNPs were significantly dependent on the pH. Changing the pH of the plant extract from acidic to basic appears to have resulted in a blue-shift in the main characteristic feature of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band, from 535 to 511 nm. The high-resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images revealed the morphologies of the AuNPs synthesized at the inherent pH, varying from isodiametric spheres to exotic polygons and prisms, with sizes ranging from 10 to 120 nm. Contrarily, an optimum pH of 10 generated primarily spherical-shaped AuNPs with narrower size distribution (8–13 nm). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis verified the formation of AuNPs as the diffraction patterns matched well with the standard value of a face-centered cubic (FCC) Au lattice structure. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra suggested that different functional groups are involved in the biosynthetic process, while the phytochemical test revealed a clear role of the phenolic compounds. The reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was selected as the model reaction for evaluating the catalytic performance of the green-synthesized AuNPs. The catalytic activity of the small, isotropic AuNPs prepared using basic aqueous extract was more effective than the nanoanisotrops, with more than 90% of 4-NP conversion achieved in under an hour with just 3 mg of the nanocatalyst.
Influence of Ocular Residual Astigmatism and Target-Induced Astigmatism on the Efficacy of the Implantation of a Toric Implantable Collamer Lens With Central Hole for Myopic Astigmatism Correction
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhao Jiao , Yang Wen , Sun Ling , Qian Yishan , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: January 2022

PurposeTo investigate the effects of ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) and target-induced astigmatism (TIA) on the efficacy of toric implantable collamer lens (TICL) with central hole for myopic astigmatism correction.MethodsRetrospective case series. One hundred and eighteen eyes implanted with a TICL (V4c) from 118 patients were included. Subjective refraction and corneal topography were examined preoperatively, at 1 and 12 months postoperatively. The eyes were divided into the low-ORA ( ≤ 0.5 D) and high-ORA (&gt;0.5 D) groups based on vector analysis, and into the low-TIA (≥0.75D and &lt;2 D) and the high-TIA (≥2 D and ≤ 4 D) groups according to preoperative refractive astigmatism. Correction index (CI) and index of success (IOS) were compared between different groups.ResultsAll surgeries were uneventful, and no complications occurred during follow-up. At 1 and 12 months postoperatively, no significant differences were found in CI or IOS values between the high and low ORA groups, while significantly higher CI and lower IOS were detected in the high-TIA group than in the low-TIA group (P &lt; 0.05). No significant difference was found in CI between 1 and 12 months postoperatively in either group (P &gt; 0.05). However, significantly lower IOS was found at 12 months compared with 1 month postoperatively for each group (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsToric implantable collamer lens (TICL) implantation is effective in correcting myopic astigmatism and is more effective in eyes with high TIA, while ORA has a minor effect.
Technical Comparison of Treatment Efficiency of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy and Pallidotomy in Skull Density Ratio-Matched Patient Cohorts
Authors: Ahmed Abdul-Kareem , Guo Sijia , Kelm Nathaniel , Clanton Ryan , Melhem Elias R. , Gullapalli Rao P. , Ksendzovsky Alexander , Eisenberg Howard M. , Miller Timothy R. , Gandhi Dheeraj 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveMR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is increasingly being used to treat patients with essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) with thalamotomy and pallidotomy, respectively. Pallidotomy is performed off-center within the cranium compared to thalamotomy and may present challenges to therapeutic lesioning due to this location. However, the impact of target location on treatment efficiency and ability to create therapeutic lesions has not been studied. This study aimed to compare the physical efficiency of MRgFUS thalamotomy and pallidotomy.MethodsTreatment characteristics were compared between patients treated with thalamotomy (n = 20) or pallidotomy (n = 20), matched by skull density ratios (SDR). Aspects of treatment efficiency were compared between these groups. Demographic and comparative statistics were conducted to assess these differences. Acoustic field simulations were performed to compare and validate the simulated temperature profile for VIM and GPi ablation.ResultsLower SDR values were associated with greater energy requirement for thalamotomy (R2 = 0.197, p = 0.049) and pallidotomy (R2 = 0.342, p = 0.007). The impact of low SDR on efficiency reduction was greater for pallidotomy, approaching significance (p = 0.061). A nearly two-fold increase in energy was needed to reach 50°C in pallidotomy (10.9kJ) than in thalamotomy (5.7kJ), (p = 0.002). Despite lower energy requirement, the maximum average temperature reached was higher in thalamotomy (56.7°C) than in pallidotomy (55.0°C), (p = 0.017). Mean incident angle of acoustic beams was lesser in thalamotomy (12.7°) than in pallidotomy (18.6°), (p &lt; 0.001). For all patients, a lesser mean incident angle correlated with a higher maximum average temperature reached (R2 = 0.124, p = 0.026), and less energy needed to reach 50°C (R2=0.134, p = 0.020). Greater skull thickness was associated with a higher maximum energy for a single sonication for thalamotomy (R2 = 0.206, p = 0.045) and pallidotomy (R2 = 0.403, p = 0.003). An acoustic and temperature field simulation validated similar findings for thalamotomy and pallidotomy in a single patient.ConclusionThe centrally located VIM offers a more efficient location for therapeutic lesioning compared to GPi pallidotomy in SDR matched cohort of patients. The impact on therapeutic lesioning with lower SDR may be greater for pallidotomy patients. As newer off-center targets are investigated, these findings can inform patient selection and treatment requirements for lesion production.