bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of a Free‐Standing MWCNT Electrode by Electric Field Force for an Ultra‐Sensitive MicroRNA‐21 Nano‐Genosensor
Authors: Wang Li , Li Huimin , Su Weiguang , Zhang Wenxian , Xu Zhipeng , Wang Jinshen , Chen Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAbnormal expression of microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) is considered to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. However, great challenges do exist for the development of ultra‐sensitive biosensors to detect the abnormal expression of miR‐21 due to the low concentration in serum (fm level) at the early stage of colorectal cancer. Therefore, electric field force is used to rotate and rearrange random multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at the microscale to improve the active sites of the electrode in this study. The free‐standing MWCNTs are densely and high‐orderly embedded into the bare electrode along the direction of the electric field. Compared to the bare electrode, the peak‐current response of the free‐standing MWCNT electrode improves by 150 times in cyclic voltammetric measurement. A nano‐genosensor based on the free‐standing MWCNT electrode is developed for measuring miR‐21. The nano‐genosensor for miR‐21 shows an ultra‐high sensitivity of 48.24 µA µm−1, a wide linear range from 0.01 × 10−15 to 100 × 10−12 m, and a low detection limit of 1.2 × 10−18 m. The present nano‐genosensor shows superior performance for miR‐21 in human serum samples and demonstrates a potential application for the diagnosis of early stage colorectal cancer.
A review on high‐temperature thermochemical heat storage: Particle reactors and materials based on solid–gas reactions
Authors: Bellan Selvan , Kodama Tatsuya , Gokon Nobuyuki , Matsubara Koji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn order to produce electricity beyond insolation hours and supply to the electrical grid, thermal energy storage (TES) system plays a major role in CSP (concentrated solar power) plants. Current CSP plants use molten salts as both sensible heat storage media and heat transfer fluid, to operate up to 560°C. To meet the future high operating temperature and efficiency, thermochemical storage (TCS) emerged as an attractive alternatives for next generation CSP plants. In these systems, the solar thermal energy is stored by endothermic reaction and subsequently released when the energy is needed by exothermic reversible reaction. This review compares and summarizes different thermochemical storage systems that are currently being investigated, especially TCS based on metal oxides. Various experimental, numerical, and technological studies on the development of particle reactors and materials for high‐temperature TCS applications are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of different types heat storage systems (sensible, latent, and thermochemical), and particle receivers (stacked, fluidized, and entrained), have been discussed and reported.This article is categorized under:Sustainable Energy > Solar EnergyEmerging Technologies > Energy StorageEmerging Technologies > Materials
Near horizon gravitational charges
Authors: Liu Hai-Shan , Mao Pujian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the near horizon symmetry and gravitational charges in the Newman-Penrose formalism. In particular we investigate the effect from topological terms. We find that the Pontryagin term and Gauss-Bonnet term have significant influence on the near horizon charges and bring interesting novel features. We show that the gravitational charge derived from a general class of topological terms including the Pontryagin term and Gauss-Bonnet term can be obtained from the ambiguities of the symplectic potential.
Therapieentscheidung bei Kombinationspathologien Dysplasie – FAI – Fehlrotation
Authors: Vuillemin Nicolas , Steppacher Simon D. , Meier Malin K. , Büchler Lorenz 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDysplasie, FAI und femorale Fehlrotationen treten häufig gemeinsam auf und führen zu einem Mischbild an Symptomen und biomechanischen Einschränkungen der Hüfte.FragestellungWas sind die aktuellen Empfehlungen zur bestmöglichen Diagnostik und Therapie bei Kombinationspathologien in der hüfterhaltenden Chirurgie.MethodenAuswertung und Diskussion der relevanten Literatur mit Berücksichtigung der eigenen Erfahrung in der Behandlung von komplexen kombinierten Pathomorphologien der Hüfte.ErgebnisseDie Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung sind richtungsweisend zur Bestimmung der für die Beschwerden ursächlichen Pathomorphologien. Ein korrekt zentriertes Beckenübersichtsbild sowie eine axiale Aufnahme der Hüfte ist die Grundlage der radiologischen Beurteilung der Hüfte, je nach Fall ergänzt mit MRT, CT sowie Animationen der Hüfte. Da sich die Pathologien funktionell gegenseitig beeinflussen, wird in der Behandlung ein schrittweises Vorgehen empfohlen mit vorerst Korrektur der funktionell relevantesten Pathologie, gefolgt von weiteren Korrekturen je nach Bedarf. Erreicht werden muss vornehmlich eine stabile, korrekt überdachte Hüfte, gefolgt von einem normalen Impingement-freien Bewegungsumfang und normalisierter Funktion der Muskulatur. Dabei ist bei der Wahl der Operationsmethode darauf zu achten, dass sämtliche Pathologien suffizient behandelt werden können.SchlussfolgerungMittels der Operationstechniken der hüfterhaltenden Chirurgie können komplexe, kombinierte Pathologien der Hüfte suffizient behandelt werden. Wichtig ist eine gründliche Diagnostik, um die unterschiedlichen Pathologien und deren Zusammenspiel zu erkennen. Das Ziel der operativen Therapie ist eine möglichst korrekt überdachte, stabile Hüfte mit normalem Bewegungsumfang.
Insuffizienzfrakturen der Wirbelsäule in Abhängigkeit von der spongiösen Knochendichte
Authors: Schröder Guido , Flachsmeyer Dirk , Kullen Claus Maximilian , Andresen Julian Ramin , Schulze Marko , Hiepe Laura , Schober Hans-Christof , Andresen Reimer 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Risiko für osteoporotische Insuffizienzfrakturen (Fx) am Achsenskelett steigt mit zunehmender Abnahme der Knochendichte, wobei sich thorakal und thorakolumbal eine Häufung findet. Um die unterschiedliche Verteilung von Fx entlang der Wirbelsäule (WS) besser zu verstehen, wurden morphologische und osteodensitometrische Untersuchungen mittels Computertomographie (CT) in den verschiedenen WS-Abschnitten durchgeführt. Zudem war zu klären, ob die bei CT-Untersuchungen aus anderen Indikationen gefunden Hounsfield-Einheiten (HE) mit der Knochendichte korrelieren und Anlass für eine osteologische Diagnostik sein könnten.

Material und Methoden
Von 26 Körperspenden wurden die gesamten WS in einem Plexiglas-Wasser-Phantom fixiert und mittels hochauflösende Spiral-CT analysiert. Zusätzlich erfolgte die Messung der CT-morphologischen Spongiosadichte in HE von C3 bis S2 (624 Wirbelkörper). Der Knochenmineralgehalt (KMG, mg/ml) wurde ermittelt und zur Abschätzung einer Osteoporose (OPO) herangezogen.

Ergebnisse
Bei allen WS lag eine OPO vor. Bei einem KMG unterhalb von 60 mg/ml fanden sich signifikant vermehrte Sinterungsfrakturen im thorakalen und thorakolumbalen Bereich. Osteoporotische Insuffizienzfrakturen im HWS-Bereich fanden sich insgesamt nicht. Die Spongiosadichte war signifikant höher in den zervikalen (Median 188,6 HE) als in den lumbalen (Median 63,6 HE) und sakralen (Median 25,5 HE) Wirbelkörpern aller untersuchten WS.

Schlussfolgerung
Ein KMG-Verlust der Wirbelkörperspongiosa führt zu einem erhöhten Fx-Risiko, welches sich auch bei den verwendeten WS findet. Jedoch wird im zervikalen Bereich ein scheinbarer Schwellenwert für das Auftreten von Sinterungsfrakturen nicht unterschritten. Einen Schwellenwert für HE zu finden, wäre für die klinische Praxis relevant.
Investigation of Lorentz force–induced flow of NaNO3-electrolyte for magnetic field–assisted electrochemical machining
Authors: Frotscher Ophelia , Schaarschmidt Ingo , Lauwers Daniel , Paul Raphael , Meinke Matthias , Steinert Philipp , Schubert Andreas , Schröder Wolfgang , Richter Markus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPulsed electrochemical machining offers great potential to meet growing demands on components like miniaturization, efficiency, and functionalization. Current research activities show that the electrochemical process can be influenced by a superimposed magnetic field. While the effects of most process parameters such as pulse regimes, flow conditions, and cathode material selection are well understood, the influence of magnetic fields is still difficult to estimate for a targeted process design. Obtaining a better understanding of the magnetic field–assisted electrochemical machining process and achieving a foundation for later process simulations are the objectives of the present work where we focus on the influence of the Lorentz force in a NaNO3-electrolyte. Therefore, an experimental setup was designed in which the magnetic field is arranged perpendicular to the electric field. To reduce the influence of the electrochemical reaction on the electrolyte flow field, a large distance between the stainless-steel electrodes was chosen. The resulting flow in the initially resting fluid is mainly induced by the Lorentz force. This electrolyte flow is studied by particle image velocimetry and is modelled by magnetohydrodynamic and multiphase simulations. Based on the experimental results, the simulations are validated. In the future, the simulation approach will be pursued, e.g., for the electrochemical machining with pulsed electric current and oscillating cathode.
Using an E‐Health Application for Post‐operative Monitoring After Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Faessen J. L. , van Vugt R. , Veldhuizen R. , Stoot J. H. M. B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundE‐Health care is already well established in some (non‐) surgical specialties and is considered as a means of improving patient‐centred care. Considering the demand of remote health care changes, especially in the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is essential to investigate the feasibility of e‐Health care within one of the most performed surgery procedures: inguinal hernia repair.MethodsA total of 60 patients used the e‐Health application in this study compliant. Primary objectives were to investigate the accuracy of the “deviating post‐operative course” alerting by the e‐Health application. Secondary objectives included patient perspective and e‐Health costs analysis.ResultsForty‐four patients reported no deviation in the post‐operative course using the e‐Health application of which 93.2% (n = 41) was in concordance with the findings during standard follow‐up. Within 16 patients reporting a deviating post‐operative course, a true complication was found in 25% (n = 4). Based on in‐hospital costs, a hypothetical e‐Health follow‐up scenario was more expensive (€59.5 per patient) than current standard follow‐up care (€28.2 per patient). Usage of the e‐Health application showed a high perceived overall patient satisfaction: 4.2 (on a Likert‐scale of 1–5).ConclusionAn e‐Health application is a promising tool for identifying patients who require in‐person or phone follow‐up assessment. Patients’ perspectives surveys revealed high potential and willingness of using this application. A hypothetical e‐Health follow‐up scenario showed to be more expensive compared to current standard follow‐up. If the identified (dis)advantages can be improved, e‐Health follow‐up care appears to be promising in terms of safety and feasibility. Future studies can leverage on this study and further investigate the use of e‐Health within the field of general surgery.
How to: Basics der Schrittmacherprogrammierung
Authors: Johnson V. , Israel C. , Schmitt J. 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Programmierung von Schrittmachersystemen, insbesondere von Zweikammerschrittmachersystemen kann die untersuchenden Ärzte vor große Herausforderungen stellen. Eine genaue Kenntnis der zu programmierenden Parameter sowie der herstellerspezifischen Algorithmen ist essentiell. Bei der Programmierung sollte darauf geachtet werden, die Programmierung den individuellen Bedürfnissen der Patient:innen anzupassen und „Out-of-the-box“-Programmierungen zu vermeiden. Ein weiteres wichtiges Ziel der Programmierung ist es, unnötige Stimulation im rechten Ventrikel zu vermeiden und dem Patienten eine gute Belastbarkeit zu ermöglichen sowie zu vermeiden, dass er eine Stimulation wahrnimmt. Algorithmen der Hersteller können hierbei helfen, müssen jedoch verstanden und bei inadäquatem Verhalten ggf. deaktiviert werden.
Relative error long-time behavior in matrix exponential approximations for numerical integration: the stiff situation
Authors: Maset S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the stiff situation, we consider the long-time behavior of the relative error $$\gamma _n$$

γ
n

in the numerical integration of a linear ordinary differential equation $$y^{\prime }(t)=Ay(t),\quad t\ge 0$$

y
′

(
t
)

=
A
y

(
t
)

,

t
≥
0

, where A is a normal matrix. The numerical solution is obtained by using at any step an approximation of the matrix exponential, e.g. a polynomial or a rational approximation. We study the long-time behavior of $$\gamma _n$$

γ
n

by comparing it to the relative error $$\gamma _n^{\mathrm{long}}$$

γ
n
long

in the numerical integration of the long-time solution, i.e. the projection of the solution on the eigenspace of the rightmost eigenvalues. The error $$ \gamma _n^{\mathrm{long}}$$

γ
n
long

grows linearly in time, it is small and it remains small in the long-time. We give a condition under which $$\gamma _n\approx \gamma _n^{\mathrm{long}}$$

γ
n

≈

γ
n
long

, i.e. $$\frac{\gamma _n}{\gamma _n^{\mathrm{long}}}\approx 1$$

γ
n

γ
n
long

≈
1

, in the long-time. When this condition does not hold, the ratio $$\frac{\gamma _n}{\gamma _n^{\mathrm{long}}}$$

γ
n

γ
n
long

is large for all time. These results describe the long-time behavior of the relative error $$\gamma _n$$

γ
n

in the stiff situation.
Flowering behavior of clones in a Norway maple (Acer platanoides) seed orchard and mating system analysis using nuclear SSR markers
Authors: Liesebach Heike , Schneck Dagmar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNorway maple (Acer platanoides L.) is a tree species native to Central Europe and occurs in scattered or in small populations mixed with other tree species. Since Norway maple is considered to be adaptable to climate change, it has increasingly become a focus of forestry as one of the so-called alternative tree species to diversify species composition in forests. However, little knowledge exists on the phenotypic variation in the natural range, and no studies on the reproductive behavior of this monoecious and insect-pollinated tree species. The sexual system of Norway maple is known as heterodichogamous, with male-first and female-first flowering individuals mixed in a population. In a first step, we conducted a mating system analysis in a seed orchard. We used a recently developed set of species-specific SSR markers to genotype the parental clones and respective seed samples. The total seed had proportions of 68% outcrossed offspring between clones of the seed orchard, 11% selfing and 20% external pollination. Four flower types were observed, with protogynous and hermaphrodite types contributing more female gametes, while the protandrous type is highly variable in its female or male contributions. The number of ramets per clone in the seed set has a significant impact on the proportion of genetic contribution per clone to total seed yield. Conclusions are drawn for the establishment of new seed orchards and for further research.
A methodology for developing evidence-based optimization models in humanitarian logistics
Authors: Baharmand Hossein , Vega Diego , Lauras Matthieu , Comes Tina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe growing need for humanitarian assistance has inspired an increasing amount of academic publications in the field of humanitarian logistics. Over the past two decades, the humanitarian logistics literature has developed a powerful toolbox of standardized problem formulations to address problems ranging from distribution to scheduling or locations planning. At the same time, the humanitarian field is quickly evolving, and problem formulations heavily rely on the context, leading to calls for more evidence-based research. While mixed methods research designs provide a promising avenue to embed research in the reality of the field, there is a lack of rigorous mixed methods research designs tailored to translating field findings into relevant HL optimization models. In this paper, we set out to address this gap by providing a systematic mixed methods research design for HL problem in disasters response. The methodology includes eight steps taking into account specifics of humanitarian disasters. We illustrate our methodology by applying it to the 2015 Nepal earthquake response, resulting in two evidence-based HL optimization models.
Enhancing antibacterial action of gauze by adding gelatin nanoparticles loaded with spectinomycin and chloramphenicol
Authors: Ibrahim Hassan M. , Taha Ghada M. , El-Alfy Ekhlas A. , El-Bisi Manal K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProteins are biocompatible, metabolizable, and susceptible to surface changes and legend attachments for targeted distribution, and are therefore ideal materials for nanoparticle-based drug delivery applications. The production, characterization, and use of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) for intracellular administration of weakly cell-penetrating antibiotics (such as spectinomycin and chloramphenicol) to enhance their treatment of bacterial and fungal infections are described in this paper. Gelatin nanoparticles were synthesized using the desolvation method and then loaded with two antibiotics (spectinomycin and chloramphenicol) for addition to cellulosic cotton medical gauze. The concentration of gelatin and a crosslinker were chosen and analyzed among many factors to maximize the particle size of the nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, particle size analyzers, and antibacterial activity determination were used to evaluate the medical gauze treated with the nanoparticles that were loaded with antibiotics. The results revealed that gelatin nanoparticles loaded with the antibiotics and the treated cellulosic cotton gauze exhibit higher antimicrobial activity (than the non-loaded particles and untreated gauze) against the bacteria and fungi. This resulted from the presence of antibiotics and the safety of the nanostructure as its biocompatibility with skin cells.
Prostate cancer addiction to oxidative stress defines sensitivity to anti-tumor neutrophils
Authors: Costanzo-Garvey Diane L. , Case Adam J. , Watson Gabrielle F. , Alsamraae Massar , Chatterjee Arpita , Oberley-Deegan Rebecca E. , Dutta Samikshan , Abdalla Maher Y. , Kielian Tammy , Lindsey Merry L. , Cook Leah M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBone metastatic prostate cancer (BM-PCa) remains one of the most difficult cancers to treat due to the complex interactions of cancer and stromal cells. We previously showed that bone marrow neutrophils elicit an anti-tumor immune response against BM-PCa. Further, we demonstrated that BM-PCa induces neutrophil oxidative burst, which has previously been identified to promote primary tumor growth of other cancers, and a goal of this study was to define the importance of neutrophil oxidative burst in BM-PCa. To do this, we first examined the impact of depletion of reactive oxygen species (ROS), via systemic deletion of the main source of ROS in phagocytes, NADPH oxidase (Nox)2, which we found to suppress prostate tumor growth in bone. Further, using pharmacologic ROS inhibitors and Nox2-null neutrophils, we found that ROS depletion specifically suppresses growth of androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells. Upon closer examination using bulk RNA sequencing analysis, we identified that metastatic prostate cancer induces neutrophil transcriptomic changes that activates pathways associated with response to oxidative stress. In tandem, prostate cancer cells resist neutrophil anti-tumor response via extracellular (i.e., regulation of neutrophils) and intracellular alterations of glutathione synthesis, the most potent cellular antioxidant. These findings demonstrate that BM-PCa thrive under oxidative stress conditions and such that regulation of ROS and glutathione programming could be leveraged for targeting of BM-PCa progression.
Ensuring Mutual Benefit in a Trans-boundary Industrial Pollution Control Problem
Authors: Perera Ryle S. , Sato Kimitoshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTechnological developments play a crucial role in allowing governments and industries to meet carbon emission targets, whilst maintaining cost effectiveness. Mathematical modeling related to climate change has often included technology (including technology transfer between nations) as an effective policy instrument. However, such models often incorporate technology as an exogenous variable, highlighting the need to further interrogate the role of technology, its dynamics and limitations on reducing international pollution levels to improve sustainability, energy reliability and subsequent policy initiatives. Hence, in this study, we consider technology as an endogenous variable within a broader trans-boundary industrial pollution problem with random interference factors to obtain a closed-loop (Markov perfect) Nash equilibrium. We then articulate the Nash non-cooperative and cooperative equilibria via a stochastic linear quadratic differential game paradigm and prove the stability of a cooperative game by using Pareto optimal solution. We show that under such strategies to control carbon pollution a cooperative game is more efficient than a non-cooperative game, emphasizing the importance of technology transfer and collaboration between nations, subsequently serving as a mutual benefit for multi-lateral efforts to reduce global carbon emissions. In doing so, our study highlights the role of government subsidy incentives when collaborating with industry to encourage the integration of carbon-reducing technologies, whilst simultaneously increasing each country’s net revenue. Hence, our study provides a novel insight and framework for policymakers when encouraging industry to use carbon capturing and storage technologies. We also emphasize that efforts to coordinate emissions control should be pursued jointly to ensure mutual benefit for government and industry alike.
Cinematic city of cultural coexistence? Perspectives on intercultural encounters in New York
Authors: Sommerlad Elisabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper examines how U.S.-American movies stage and convey intercultural encounters. Drawing from the case study of cinematic New York City, it tackles intercultural encounters and spaces emerging from interactions of protagonists that are staged as being ‘culturally different’. Theoretical ideas on urban encounters, interculturality, and boundaries are intertwined. A comparative analysis 17 movies reveals three key dimensions of intercultural spaces: boundary drawing, boundary crossing, and boundary commuting. As polysemous staging strategies these provide insight into how movies display everyday intercultural encounters in an urban context. The paper concludes that New York City is imagined as a place in which intercultural encounters are consciously reflected as cultural coexistence—the cinematic city serves as canvas for a culturally separated society. This finding disenchants the medially widespread urban myth of New York City being a harmonious intercultural metropolis.