bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Government Financial Grants, Internal Revenue and Maternal Mortality Rate in South Africa
Authors: Muila Seshoka L. , Ngwakwe Collins C. 
Published: May 2022

Funding of public hospitals and access to quality health care is a universal problem especially in developing countries. This paper aims to examine the relationship between government financial grants, internal revenue and maternal mortality rate. Previous literature has suggested that to achieve better health outcomes, multiple factors including but not limited to finance must be taken into consideration. Secondary data from audited annual health reports (2014/15 – 2018/19) of the nine South African Provinces was analyzed with the employment of the panel data regression technique. Internal Government Revenue was statistically significant at a 5% level of significance (p < 0.05) and Government Financial Grant was not statistically significant (p >0.05). Maternal mortality rate is therefore dependent on internal revenue and not on government financial grants. The findings change the ancient saying that maternal health outcomes shall improve when the government pumps more finances into the health system. Instead, the study reveals that internal revenue generation has an impact on the maternal mortality rate thus bringing in another approach in the fight against maternal mortality. The study adds value to the public health administration in that it brings a different perspective on the fight against maternal mortality in South Africa.
DEYİŞBİLİMSEL BAĞLAMDA DEDE KORKUT KİTABI GÜMBET NÜSHASI’NDA YER ALAN BİÇİMBİRİMSEL YİNELEMELER
Authors: KOTAN Hüsna 
Published: May 2022

Dede Korkut Hikâyeleri, Oğuz Türklerinin 12-14. yüzyıllarda Anadolu’nun doğusundaki geleneksel yaşam tarzını anlatan ve kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte 15. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren yazıya geçirildiği tahmin edilen Türk dili ve edebiyatının en güzel ve en kıymetli eserlerinden biridir. Her biri tek başına bağımsız ve tamam bir hikâye olan ve hepsi birden bir bütünlük teşkil eden hikâyelerde toplumun yaşayışı, âdetleri, gelenekleri ve mücadeleleri anlatılmaktadır. Oldukça güçlü bir anlatıma sahip olan Dede Korkut Hikâyeleri dil açsından ele alındığında Eski Anadolu Türkçesinin özelliklerini taşıdığı görülmektedir. Geleneksel sözlü anlatımın ürünü olması bakımından Oğuz Türkçesi yazı dilinin değil halkın konuşma diline ait birçok unsurun hikâyelere yansımaktadır. Ayrıca hikâyelerin Âzerbaycan ve Kuzey Anadolu bölgesinde meydana gelmiş olması sebebi ile bu bölgelerde yaşayan Âzeri ve Karapapak halkının ağız özellikleri de dikkat çekmektedir.
Nazım ve nesir şeklinde oluşan hikâyelerde mensur kısımlarda birbirini izleyen cümleler bir ahenk içerisinde sıralanmış ve genelde kullanılan seci unsurlarıyla akıcı bir bütünlük sağlanmıştır. Hikâyelerde Oğuzların yaşadıkları önemli olaylar, şahsiyetler çeşitli metafor ve benzetmelerle verilerek anlatıma renk katılmış, nazım kısmında yer alan kafiye ve rediflerle metinde ritim oluşturulmuştur. Karşılıklı konuşmaların ve seslenmelerin yer aldığı bu eserde deyimlere, atasözlerine ve kalıp cümlelere de sıkça yer verilmiştir. Bünyesinde Köktürkçeden günümüze kadar ulaşan sözvarlığı ögelerini barındıran hikâyelerde çok az sayıda Arapça ve Farsçaya ait sözcükler de bulunmaktadır.
Çalışmamızda Dede Korkut Hikâyelerinin dili ve üslubu; hikâyelerde üslubu güçlendirmek ve dinleyiciyi etkilemek amacıyla kullanılan sembol, benzetme, kişileştirme, eğretileme aktarma gibi söz sanatları; özdeyiş, atasözü, deyim gibi anlatım unsurları tespit edilip örneklerle dikkatlere sunulacaktır.
The Paupers, the Gallant Colonel and the Fourth Estate: Press Reporting of the Arrival of Barra Highlanders on the Scottish Mainland
Authors: Bruce Neil 
Published: May 2022

Destitute islanders from Barra arrived on the Scottish mainland in late 1850 following successive failures of the island's annual potato crop. Their presence, behaviour and the actions of their erstwhile proprietor, Colonel John Gordon of Cluny garnered newspaper coverage and comment. During the previous five years, these same, predominantly Lowland papers reported on how proprietors, the state and the public reacted to the humanitarian crisis as it unfolded throughout the Highlands and Ireland. Centuries-old Lowland views as to why Highlanders were unable to sustain themselves resurfaced, often woven into journalistic commentary on the aforementioned responses. This paper considers the state of the island purchased by Cluny, his investment in improvements and the resulting return he expected to accrue. Journalist and anti-proprietor campaigner Donald Ross attempted to hold Cluny to account for his behaviour towards his tenants when famine struck. Ross brought the islanders’ plight to the attention of readers of his columns, while also orchestrating events which achieved both positive and critical comments in the press. Finally, an assessment is offered of the relative importance of the story to newspaper editors, their readerships and Cluny’s own public legacy.
DINAMIKA KUALITAS AIR DAN VARIASI JENIS PLANKTON DALAM PENKULTUR TERIPANG, Holothuria scabra (Jaeger 1883) SEBAGAI DAMPAK DARI PENGKAYAAN NUTRISI SUBSTRAT MENGGUNAKAN PUPUK ORGANIK KOMPOS
Authors: Sabilu Kadir , Subhan Subhan , Nurdin Abdul Rahman , Ruslaini Ruslaini , Harianto Eko 
Published: May 2022

AbstrakUpaya intensifikasi budidaya teripang pasir melalui input pupuk organik kompos di substrat pen kultur selain berdampak baik bagi pengkayaan unsur hara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi teripang, di sisi lain diduga berdampak pada dinamika daya dukung beberapa parameter lingkungan perairan. Hadirnya unsur hara kompos dipastikan akan mengubah struktur unsur hara sedimen dan air di dalam penkultur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika kualitas air dan variasi jenis plankton dalam penkultur teripang pasir, sebagai dampak penggunaan pupuk organik kompos untuk memperkaya nutrisi substrat. Penelitian dilakukan pada 3 stasiun dengan karakteristik substrat penkultur berbeda, yaitu: pasir halus, pasir berlamun, dan pasir kasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa input pupuk kompos berdampak pada rendahnya konsentrasi parameter oksigen terlarut, pH sedimen dan ortofosfat, selanjutnya di fase akhir penelitian level konsentrasi ketiga parameter tersebut menjadi lebih tinggi. Sebaliknya, pada parameter ammonia, nitrit, nitrat dan BOD memperlihatkan pola dengan level konsetrasi yang lebih tinggi di fase awal input pupuk kompos selanjutnya konsentrasinya turun sampai akhir penelitian. Aktifitas fotosontesis dan peran lamun dalam menetralisir gerakan arus sekaligus mempertahankan stabilitas unsur hara, menyebabkan variasi jenis fitoplankton pada penkultur pasir berlamun memiliki nilai lebih rendah dan nilai kelimpahan yang lebih tinggi. Hasil analisis PCA memperlihatkan korelasi signifikan antara kelimpahan plankton dengan kadar BOD (R=0,923; P<0,05), phospat (R=0,704; P<0,05), serta nitrat dengan nilai R=0,623; P<0,05). Kata kunci: penkultur, pengkayaan nutrisi substrat, plankton, pupuk organik kompos, teripang pasir.
Total Talar Replacement With Custom-Made Vitallium Prosthesis for Talar Avascular Necrosis
Authors: Luo Wenbin , Zhang Hanyang , Han Qing , Li Zhaoyan , Zhong Zhuan , Jia Guoliang , Liu Yuxuan , Chang Fei , Wang Jincheng 
Published: May 2022

Background: The current study investigated the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the treatment of talar avascular necrosis (TAN). Custom-made Vitallium talar prostheses were designed and generated via 3D printing. We hypothesized that these talar prostheses would facilitate more stable positioning, better ergonomically fit the ankle joint surfaces, and promote favorable long-term prognoses.Material and Methods: Computed tomography scans of both ankle joints were acquired from three patients diagnosed with TAN. The talar on the unaffected side was used as the design blueprint. Hence, with the aid of 3D printing technology a customized talar prosthesis made from a novel Vitallium alloy could be manufactured for each individual patient.Results: In all three cases there were no signs of prosthesis loosening or substantial degenerative change in the surrounding area of the joint, but small osteophytes were observed on the tibial side and navicular side. No chronic infection or other prosthesis-related complications were observed in any of the patients. All three were able to walk without pain at the most recent follow-up.Conclusion: With the aid of 3D printing and a novel Vitallium alloy, total talar replacement achieved encouraging results in 3/3 patients. All patients were satisfied with their joint function, and were able to return to their daily activities without limitations. Although more cases and longer-term follow-up periods are required, the success rate reported herein is encouraging.
Associations Between Disordered Microbial Metabolites and Changes of Neurotransmitters in Depressed Mice
Authors: Xie Jing , Wang Ying , Zhong Qi , Bai Shun-jie , Zhou Chan-juan , Tian Tian , Chen Jian-jun 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundsMany pieces of evidence demonstrated that there were close relationships between gut microbiota and depression. However, the specific molecular mechanisms were still unknown. Here, using targeted metabolomics, this study was conducted to explore the relationships between microbial metabolites in feces and neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex of depressed mice.MethodsChronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression was built in this study. Targeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was used to detect the microbial metabolites in feces and neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex of mice. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to identify the differential microbial metabolites and neurotransmitters and explore relationships between them.ResultsNinety-eight differential microbial metabolites (mainly belonged to amino acids, fatty acids, and bile acids) and 11 differential neurotransmitters (belonged to tryptophan pathway, GABAergic pathway, and catecholaminergic pathway) were identified. Five affected amino acid–related metabolic pathways were found in depressed mice. The 19 differential microbial metabolites and 10 differential neurotransmitters were found to be significantly correlated with depressive-like behaviors. The two differential neurotransmitters (tyrosine and glutamate) and differential microbial metabolites belonged to amino acids had greater contributions to the overall correlations between microbial metabolites and neurotransmitters. In addition, the significantly decreased L-tyrosine as microbial metabolites and tyrosine as neurotransmitter had the significantly positive correlation (r = 0.681, p = 0.0009).ConclusionsThese results indicated that CUMS-induced disturbances of microbial metabolites (especially amino acids) might affect the levels of neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex and then caused the onset of depression. Our findings could broaden the understanding of how gut microbiota was involved in the onset of depression.
Coexistence in Times of Climate Crisis: A Participatory Mapping to Understanding Conservation Conflicts in the Central Andes of Chile
Authors: Vargas Solange P. , Hargreaves Matías , Del Valle Juan Pablo , Hodges Aline , Beltrami Esperanza , Toledo M. F. , Sapaj-Aguilera Guillermo 
Published: May 2022

PurposeHuman-wildlife conflicts worldwide are arising, representing significant challenges for conservation biologists, decision-makers, and agropastoralist communities. Extreme climatic events, disease outbreaks, and land-use change could be intensifying these conflicts. The multi-species and mountainous landscapes seem prone to conflicts due to a lack of territory planning. These complex, dynamic, and multi-layered conflicts require a multidimensional approach. Currently, in Chile, mountainous landscapes have several threats, such as a lack of territory planning, mega-mining projects, and recently (last 10 years) the effects of the Mega-drought. Many transhumant agropastoralists have been forced to quit their livelihoods while increasing livestock-wildlife conflicts. We aim to build territorial planning within a holistic approach to strengthening the agropastoralists' competence to coexist with local wildlife (puma, condor, and guanaco) in Central Chile's Andes mountains.MethodologyWe conducted participatory mapping workshops with two agropastoralist communities in 2020. They were randomly divided into 4 to 7 people groups and told to draw a map representing their territory, including four elements: (1) natural and human components of the landscape, (2) natural wildlife conflict areas, (3) active grazing areas, and (4) their ideal future scenario, regarding their activity.FindingsResults showed different spatial perceptions of the natural and human components of the territory. All agropastoralists (100%) indicated similar wildlife conflict areas: focusing in the Summerlands. All agreed that Mega-drought was the primary threat to their production, increasing the conflict with wildlife. Summerland areas are identified as suitable areas for working in conflict with wildlife.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThis study highlights the need for a multidimensional approach to conflict and territory planning to address conservation conflicts. The study's implications show that agropastoralists decided to reduce Summerland use and improve Winterland planning to increase livestock productivity and reduce conflict with wildlife. Participatory mapping could help to prioritize areas to mitigate conflicts with wildlife.Originality/ValueThis study is the first in the Aconcagua valley to conduct a transdisciplinary &amp; participatory approach toward coexistence between transhumant agropastoralists and wildlife. It also provides a baseline for similar schemes in semi-arid and mountainous landscapes worldwide facing rapid climate shifts and increasing human-wildlife conflict.
Investigation Into the Risk Factors Related to In-stent Restenosis in Elderly Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Within 2 Years After the First Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Yi Ming , Tang Wen-hui , Xu Shuai , Ke Xiao , Liu Qiang 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe present study aims to explore risk factors related to in-stent restenosis (ISR) in elderly patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes within 2 years after the first drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.MethodsThis case-control study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital between January 2010 and March 2020. Univariate and multivariate models were used to assess independent factors for DES-ISR. Categorical principal component analysis of clinical variables was performed to determine important components for DES-ISR. Nomogram was constructed to quantitatively predict the probability of DES-ISR development. The diagnostic potential of clinical variables was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsIn the derivation cohort, 1,741 cases were included in this study, and a total of 227 pairs of cases and controls were generated by propensity score matching. In the validation cohort, 102 cases were included with 19 cases (18.6%) with DES-ISR. Glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2, fasting blood glucose ≥6.5 mmol/L, multivessel coronary artery disease, coronary artery diffuse disease, PCI operation time (≥60 min), emergency PCI were associated with ISR. High Nomogram score was associated with the increased risk of ISR. Further analysis of the validation cohort showed that higher levels of HbA1c-coefficient of variation (CV) were significantly associated with the increased risk of ISR. HbA1c-CV exhibited good predictive ability for ISR in the validation cohort.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the fasting blood glucose level during the perioperative period of emergency PCI and the long-term variation of HbA1c during the follow-up period are related to the incidence of DES-ISR and the degree of stenosis. Reducing blood glucose fluctuations may decrease the risk of DES-ISR.
Bulk Density Response and Experimental Study of Pulsed Neutron-Gamma Density Logging
Authors: Wang Hu , Yue Aizhong , Zhang Xiaolei , Tang Jizhou , He Xuxin , Luo Xiang , Han Bo 
Published: May 2022

The pulsed neutron-gamma density logging technique is used to measure the bulk density of formations based on the detection of gamma rays from the inelastic scattering of neutrons in the formations. However, the induced gamma ray source is regarded as a function of neutron transport and cannot be considered a “point” source. Due to the high energy level of gamma rays, the attenuation of inelastic gamma rays is affected by Compton scattering and pair production. Therefore, bulk density can be measured using inelastic gamma rays while considering the effects of neutron transport and pair production. In this article, a novel density measurement method that uses a completely different response model is proposed to improve the accuracy of density measurement. The process of neutron-gamma density measurement is divided into the neutron transport group and the gamma ray transport group in accordance with the neutron-gamma coupled field theory. A novel density estimation algorithm is derived from the diffusion equation and the gamma ray attenuation law. The accuracy and specification of density measurement are investigated through the Monte Carlo simulation and the calibration of test pits. Theoretical and experimental analyses show that the neutron transport and gamma ray transport are not entirely independent of each other in the pulsed neutron-gamma density measurement. The newly developed model can effectively enable the inelastic gamma rays to conform to the gamma ray attenuation law and keep the measurement accuracy at ±0.025 g/cm3. Moreover, neutron-gamma density is insensitive to the porosity and lithology of the formation. The proposed novel algorithm successfully establishes the calculation model for the relationship between inelastic gamma rays and bulk density, providing a new perspective for density measurement in pulsed neutron-gamma density logging.
Association of Sex Hormones and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Levels With Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents Aged 12–19 Years
Authors: Xu Ke , Fu Yicheng , Cao Buzi , Zhao Mingyi 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundSex hormones are recognized to play a significant role in increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and promoting bone maturation during adolescence. The purpose of our study was to use a database with large population data to evaluate the association of BMD with sex hormones (including testosterone and estradiol) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in adolescent boys and girls aged 12–19 years.MethodsThe data for our study were taken from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016, and we used weighted multiple linear regression models to assess the relationship between testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG and total BMD. We use weighted generalized additive models and smooth curve fitting to discover underlying nonlinear relationships.ResultsA total of 1648 teenagers (853 boys, 795 girls) were selected for the final analysis. In boys, testosterone and estradiol levels were positively associated with total BMD, whereas SHBG levels were negatively associated with total BMD after adjusting for covariates [P &lt; 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI)]. In addition, there was a point between estradiol and total BMD, after which the positive correlation between estradiol and total BMD was relatively insignificant in boys. In girls, there was a positive association between estradiol and total BMD (P &lt; 0.05; 95% CI), but there was no significant association between the testosterone (β 0.0004; 95% CI -0.0001 to 0.0008) or SHBG (β -0.0001; 95% CI -0.0002 to 0.0001) levels and total BMD. We also found an inverted U-shaped association between testosterone and total BMD with the inflection point at 25.4 ng/dL of testosterone.ConclusionsWe found differences in the association of sex hormones with total BMD in boys and girls. Based on our findings, an appropriate increase in serum testosterone levels may be beneficial for skeletal development in girls because of the inverted U-shaped relationship (with the inflection point at 25.4 ng/dL of testosterone), and a high testosterone level might be detrimental to BMD. Furthermore, keeping estradiol levels below a certain level in boys (24.3 pg/mL) may be considered.
Growth and Reproduction of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Cultured on Tidal Flat in Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Area on the West Coast of Korea Four Years After the Accident
Authors: Hong Hyun-Ki , Park Heung-Sik , Choi Kwang-Sik 
Published: May 2022

The Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) accident in December 2007 on the west coast of Korea devastated the intertidal oyster farms along the Taean coast, resulting in the shut-down of the farming for three years. In 2010, two years after the accident, the level of residual oil in the water, sediment, and oyster tissue in the spilled area became similar to the level before the accident, although the fitness of the oysters in the spilled area remained unknown. In an attempt to resume the oyster culture in the spilled area, we monitored the growth and reproduction of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in an area the most heavily impacted. The oyster spats used in this study were harvested from the oil-damaged area in September 2011 and hardened for 9 months before being transplanted into the grow-out facilities in May 2012. The transplanted oysters demonstrated a fast shell growth for the first 5 months, reaching 53.9 mm in shell length (SL) in October 2011. At the end of the survey in November 2013, the oyster became 65 mm, suggesting an additional year of cultivation to reach the market size. Histology indicated that the annual gametogenesis was synchronous, as the males and females initiated the gametogenesis in January when the water temperature was 5.2°C. The female oysters spawned from July to September, as the water temperature ranged from 21.2 to 24.8°C. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) applied in the reproductive effort measurement indicated that the fully ripe female oysters produced 20-23% of their body weight as eggs prior to spawning, which was comparable to the reproductive effort of oysters in oil-spill-free areas. The data suggested that off-bottom rack cultured Pacific oysters at the Euhangri beach successfully recovered from HSOS stresses 4 years after the accident.