bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Travelling Across Late Mediaeval Eurasia: Travel, Curiosity and Knowledge in the Mongol Period
Authors: Askew Joseph Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter offers a new, brief yet cohesive introduction to travel across Mongol Eurasia. It is usually assumed that this period resulted in the movement of relatively large numbers of people across vast distances. However, previous studies of this period have not adequately distinguished between different types of movement within the wider Mongol sphere. This essay seeks to develop a thorough discussion of the different forms of movement in this period, by interrogating texts of travel accounts through the lenses of curiosity, motives and redefinition of the self within a description of geographic and social spaces. It critically reconsiders the amount of trade carried out during the so-called Pax Mongolica, and it explores an array of examples of travel writings, penned by both European and intra-Asian authors.
German Dreams of Empire in the Far East: The German Expeditions to the East and Ferdinand von Richthofen’s Encounters with Asia, 1850–1880
Authors: Mueller Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe article explores German encounters with East Asia in the rise of German nation-state building and imperial ambitions since the Revolutions of 1848 until the inner consolidation of Imperial Germany in the 1880s. It focuses on the scientific explorer Ferdinand von Richthofen and his curiosity and knowledge creation in his writings in relation to the German public debates on Asia. In physically travelling through Asia, Japan, and China in particular, Richthofen observed and constructed a transnational German image of Asia that went beyond crude racial stereotypes or sweeping assumptions of exclusive Eurocentric superiority while drawing upon his own identification of scientific observation and Prussian Kultur. Curiosity even under the guidance of Eurocentric imperial assumptions was open for social observations to construct differentiated images of Asia as spaces of interaction and change.
Integrable branes in generalized λ-deformations
Authors: Pappas Georgios P. D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We search for integrable boundary conditions and their geometric interpretation as D-branes, in models constructed as generalized λ-deformations of products of group- and coset-spaces. Using the sigma-model approach, we find that all the conformal brane geometries known in the literature for a product of WZW models solve the corresponding boundary conditions, thus persisting as integrable branes along the RG flows of our sigma-models. They consist of the well known G-conjugacy classes, twisted G-conjugacy classes by a permutation automorphism (permutation branes) and generalized permutation branes. Subsequently, we study the properties of the aforementioned brane geometries, especially of those embedded in the backgrounds interpolating between the UV and IR fixed points.
Entanglement entropy and phase space density: lowest Landau levels and 1/2 BPS states
Authors: Das Sumit R. , Hampton Shaun , Liu Sinong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider the entanglement entropy of an arbitrary subregion in a system of N non-relativistic fermions in 2+1 dimensions in Lowest Landau Level (LLL) states. Using the connection of these states to those of an auxiliary 1 + 1 dimensional fermionic system, we derive an expression for the leading large-N contribution in terms of the expectation value of the phase space density operator in 1 + 1 dimensions. For appropriate subregions the latter can replaced by its semiclassical Thomas-Fermi value, yielding expressions in terms of explicit integrals which can be evaluated analytically. We show that the leading term in the entanglement entropy is a perimeter law with a shape independent coefficient. Furthermore, we obtain analytic expressions for additional contributions from sharp corners on the entangling curve. Both the perimeter and the corner pieces are in good agreement with existing calculations for special subregions. Our results are relevant to the integer quantum Hall effect problem, and to the half-BPS sector of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Yang Mills theory on S3. In this latter context, the entanglement we consider is an entanglement in target space. We comment on possible implications to gauge-gravity duality.
Exploitation of epigenetic variation of crop wild relatives for crop improvement and agrobiodiversity preservation
Authors: Varotto Serena , Krugman Tamar , Aiese Cigliano Riccardo , Kashkush Khalil , Kondić-Špika Ankica , Aravanopoulos Fillipos A. , Pradillo Monica , Consiglio Federica , Aversano Riccardo , Pecinka Ales , Miladinović Dragana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWRs) are recognized as the best potential source of traits for crop improvement. However, successful crop improvement using CWR relies on identifying variation in genes controlling desired traits in plant germplasms and subsequently incorporating them into cultivars. Epigenetic diversity may provide an additional layer of variation within CWR and can contribute novel epialleles for key traits for crop improvement. There is emerging evidence that epigenetic variants of functional and/or agronomic importance exist in CWR gene pools. This provides a rationale for the conservation of epigenotypes of interest, thus contributing to agrobiodiversity preservation through conservation and (epi)genetic monitoring. Concepts and techniques of classical and modern breeding should consider integrating recent progress in epigenetics, initially by identifying their association with phenotypic variations and then by assessing their heritability and stability in subsequent generations. New tools available for epigenomic analysis offer the opportunity to capture epigenetic variation and integrate it into advanced (epi)breeding programmes. Advances in -omics have provided new insights into the sources and inheritance of epigenetic variation and enabled the efficient introduction of epi-traits from CWR into crops using epigenetic molecular markers, such as epiQTLs.
Conduction System Pacing in Pediatrics and Congenital Heart Disease, a Single Center Series of 24 Patients
Authors: Gordon Amanda , Jimenez Erick , Cortez Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHis-bundle pacing has demonstrated feasibility in numerous adult studies to reverse and prevent pacing-induced cardiomyopathy, however, is met with higher capture thresholds with deployment sheaths designed for adults with his-bundles in the typical location. To describe 24 pediatric and adult congenital patients post-physiologic pacing.
Patients at the University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital with congenital complete heart block or congenital heart disease and atrioventricular block presented for pacemaker placement between November 2019 and January 2021. Twenty-four patients had attempted his-bundle placement using either Medtronic’s C315 or C308 sheaths and 3830 leads except for 3 patients who had Boston Scientific’s His system with the Shape 3 sheath and 7842 leads. Twenty-four total patients underwent physiologic pacing (23 his-bundle, 13 female, 11 male) with median age of 14 years (range 8–39 years) with median weight of 51 kg (range 21.2–81 kg) with five right-sided implants performed. Twelve patients had congenital heart disease including atrioventricular canal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, and ventricular septal defect repairs (nine patients with ventricular septal defect repairs). Twelve patients had selective His-bundle pacing (six with congenital heart disease). Median threshold to capture was 0.5 V at 0.4 ms (range 0.4 to 1.1 V at 0.4 ms), impedance 570 ohms (range 456–1140 ohms), and sensing median of 9.7 mV (range 1.5–13.8 mV if present). The median follow-up time was 610 days (range 240–760 days). No complications occurred peri-procedurally or during follow-up. His-bundle pacing is feasible in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients.
Crystal structure and investigation of Bi2TeO6·nH2O (0 ≤ n ≤ $${\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$} \kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em \lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 3$}}$$): natural and synthetic montanite
Authors: Missen Owen P. , Mills Stuart J. , Rumsey Michael S. , Weil Matthias , Artner Werner , Spratt John , Najorka Jens 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe crystal structure of montanite has been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction on a synthetic sample, supported by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Montanite was first described in 1868 as Bi2TeO6·nH2O (n = 1 or 2). The determination of the crystal structure of synthetic montanite (refined composition Bi2TeO6·0.22H2O) has led to the reassignment of the formula to Bi2TeO6·nH2O where 0 ≤ n ≤ $${\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$} \kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em \lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 3$}}$$

2

/

3

rather than the commonly reported Bi2TeO6·2H2O. This change has been accepted by the IMA–CNMNC, Proposal 22-A. The PXRD pattern simulated from the crystal structure of synthetic montanite is a satisfactory match for PXRD scans collected on both historical and recent natural samples, showing their equivalence. Two specimens attributed to the original discoverer of montanite (Frederick A. Genth) from the cotype localities (Highland Mining District, Montana and David Beck’s mine, North Carolina, USA) have been designated as neotypes. Montanite crystallises in space group P$$\overline{6 }$$

6
¯

, with the unit-cell parameters a = 9.1195(14) Å, c = 5.5694(8) Å, V = 401.13(14) Å3, and three formula units in the unit cell. The crystal structure of montanite is formed from a framework of BiOn and TeO6 polyhedra. Half of the Bi3+ and all of the Te6+ cations are coordinated by six oxygen atoms in trigonal-prismatic arrangements (the first example of this configuration reported for Te6+), while the remaining Bi3+ cations are coordinated by seven O sites. The H2O groups in montanite are structurally incorporated into the network of cavities formed by the three-dimensional framework, with other cavity space occupied by the stereoactive 6s2 lone pair of Bi3+ cations. While evidence for a supercell was observed in synthetic montanite, the subcell refinement of montanite adequately indexes all reflections in the PXRD patterns observed in all natural montanite samples analysed in this study, verifying the identity of montanite as a mineral.
Puncture accuracy of an optical tracked robotic aiming device—a phantom study
Authors: Scharll Yannick , Letrari Sofia , Laimer Gregor , Schullian Peter , Bale Reto 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the targeting accuracy of stereotactic punctures based on a hybrid robotic device in combination with optical tracking—a phantom study.

Methods
CT data sets of a gelatin-filled plexiglass phantom with 1-, 3-, and 5-mm slice thickness were acquired. An optical navigation device served for planning of a total of 150 needle trajectories. All punctures were carried out semi-automatically with help of the trackable iSYS-1 robotic device. Conically shaped targets inside the phantom were punctured using Kirschner wires. Up to 8 K-wires were positioned sequentially based on the same planning CT and placement accuracy was assessed by taking control CTs and measuring the Euclidean (ED) and normal distances (NDs) between the wire and the entry and target point.

Results
Using the StealthStation S7, the accomplished mean ND at the target for the 1-mm, 3-mm, and 5-mm slice thickness was 0.89 mm (SD ± 0.42), 0.93 mm (SD ± 0.45), and 0.73 mm (SD ± 0.50), respectively. The corresponding mean ED was 1.61 mm (SD ± 0.36), 2.04 mm (SD ± 0.59), and 1.76 mm (SD ± 0.45). The mean duration of the total procedure was 27.9 min, including image acquisition, trajectory planning, registration, placement of 8 wires, and the control-CT.

Conclusions
The optically tracked iSYS-1 robot allows for precise punctures in a phantom. The StealthStation S7 provided acceptable results and may be helpful for interventions in difficult anatomical regions and for those requiring complex multi-angle trajectories. In combination with our optical navigation tool, the trackable robot unit allows to cover a large treatment field and the compact design facilitates placement of needle-like instruments.

Key Points
• The use of a robotic targeting device in combination with optical tracking (hybrid system) allows for accurate placement of needle-like instruments without repeated control imaging.
• The compact robotic positioning unit in combination with a camera for optical tracking facilitates sequential placement of multiple K-wires in a large treatment volume.
Monitoring of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity in children may predict neurologic outcome after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Authors: Zipfel Julian , Hegele Dorothea , Hockel Konstantin , Kerscher Susanne R. , Heimberg Ellen , Czosnyka Marek , Neunhoeffer Felix , Schuhmann Martin U. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Impaired cerebral blood flow is a first-line reason of ischemic-hypoxic brain injury in children. The principal goal of intensive care management is to detect and prevent further cerebral blood flow deficits. This can be achieved by actively managing cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) using input from cerebrovascular autoregulation (CAR). The main objective of the current study was to investigate CAR after cardiac arrest in children.

Methods
Nineteen consecutive children younger than 18 years after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, in whom intracranial pressure (ICP) was continuously measured, were included. Blood pressure and ICP were continuously monitored via ICM + software and actively managed using the pressure reactivity index (PRx) to achieve and maintain an optimal CPP. Outcome was scored using the extended Glasgow outcome scale (eGOS) at discharge and 6 months.

Results
Eight children died in hospital. At 6 months, further 4 children had an unfavorable (eGOS1–4) and 7 a favorable (eGOS5–8) outcome. Over the entire monitoring period, we found an elevated ICP (24.5 vs 7.4 mmHg), a lower CPP (50.3 vs 66.2 mmHg) and a higher PRx (0.24 vs − 0.01), indicating impaired CAR, in patients with unfavorable outcome. The dose of impaired autoregulation was significantly higher in unfavorable outcome (54.6 vs 29.3%). Analyzing only the first 72 h after cardiac arrest, ICP ≥ 10 mmHg and PRx > 0.2 correlated to unfavorable outcome.

Conclusions
Significant doses of impaired CAR within 72 h after resuscitation are associated with unfavorable outcome. The inability to restore autoregulation despite active attempts to do so as well as an elevated ICP may serve as a bad prognostic sign indicating a severe initial hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
Renal water transport in health and disease
Authors: Feraille Eric , Sassi Ali , Olivier Valérie , Arnoux Grégoire , Martin Pierre-Yves 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Saving body water by optimal reabsorption of water filtered by the kidney leading to excretion of urine with concentrations of solutes largely above that of plasma allowed vertebrate species to leave the aquatic environment to live on solid ground. Filtered water is reabsorbed for 70% and 20% by proximal tubules and thin descending limbs of Henle, respectively. These two nephron segments express the water channel aquaporin-1 located along both apical and basolateral membranes. In the proximal tubule, the paracellular pathway accounts for at least 30% of water reabsorption, and the tight-junction core protein claudin-2 plays a key role in this permeability. The ascending limb of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule are impermeant to water and are responsible for urine dilution. The water balance is adjusted along the collecting system, i.e. connecting tubule and the collecting duct, under the control of arginine-vasopressin (AVP). AVP is synthesized by the hypothalamus and released in response to an increase in extracellular osmolality or stimulation of baroreceptors by decreased blood pressure. In response to AVP, aquaporin-2 water channels stored in subapical intracellular vesicles are translocated to the apical plasma membrane and raise the water permeability of the collecting system. The basolateral step of water reabsorption is mediated by aquaporin-3 and -4, which are constitutively expressed. Drugs targeting water transport include classical diuretics, which primarily inhibit sodium transport; the new class of SGLT2 inhibitors, which promotes osmotic diuresis and the non-peptidic antagonists of the V2 receptor, which are pure aquaretic drugs. Disturbed water balance includes diabetes insipidus and hyponatremias. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. It is either related to a deficit in AVP secretion called central diabetes insipidus that can be treated by AVP analogs or to a peripheral defect in AVP response called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus can be either of genetic origin or acquired. Hyponatremia is a common disorder most often related to free water excess relying on overstimulated or inappropriate AVP secretion. The assessment of blood volume is key for the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia, which can be classified as hypo-, eu-, or hypervolemic.
Compression of deep neural networks: bridging the gap between conventional-based pruning and evolutionary approach
Authors: Zhang Yidan , Wang Guangjin , Yang Taibo , Pang Tianfeng , He Zhenan , Lv Jiancheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, many studies have been carried out on model compression to handle the high computational cost and high memory footprint brought by the implementation of deep neural networks. In this paper, model compression of convolutional neural networks is constructed as a multiobjective optimization problem with two conflicting objectives, reducing the model size and improving the performance. A novel structured pruning method called Conventional-based and Evolutionary Approaches Guided Multiobjective Pruning (CEA-MOP) is proposed to address this problem, where the power of conventional pruning methods is effectively exploited for the evolutionary process. A delicate balance in pruning rate and model accuracy has been automated achieved by a multiobjective optimization evolutionary model. First, an ensemble framework integrates pruning metrics to establish a codebook for further evolutionary operations. Then, an efficient coding method is developed to shorten the length of chromosome, thus ensuring its superior scalability. Finally, sensitivity analysis is automatically carried out to determine the upper bound of pruning rate for each layer. Notably, on CIFAR-10, CEA-MOP reduces more than 50% FLOPs on ResNet-110 and improves the relative accuracy. Moreover, on ImageNet, CEA-MOP reduces more than 50% FLOPs on ResNet-101 with negligible top-1 accuracy drop.
Governance der deutschen Wasserstoffwirtschaft
Authors: Walker Benedikt 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel analysiert die Governance der deutschen Wasserstoffwirtschaft mit Fokus auf die noch unerforschten geographischen Aspekte aktueller Konflikte, für die der Beitrag Verfahrensvorschläge formuliert. Es wird konstatiert, dass staatliche Förderprogramme die Verbreitung von Wasserstofftechnologien trotz teilweise hinderlicher Marktbedingungen finanzieren. Die Programme sind als Wettbewerbe ausgestaltet, richten sich an alle Industriebranchen und berücksichtigen keine strukturpolitischen Kriterien. Da Wasserstofftechnologien jedoch fossile Technologien in verschiedenen Industriebranchen ersetzen sollen, setzen sie in diesen Branchen einen Strukturwandel voraus und besitzen damit strukturpolitische Relevanz. Deshalb impliziert der Wettbewerb um Fördergelder latente Verteilungskonflikte im politischen Mehrebenensystem und zwischen den beteiligten Industriebranchen.Der Artikel erörtert exemplarisch einige dieser Konflikte entlang der Wertschöpfungskette von Wasserstoff. Es wird angeregt, die Marktbedingungen zu verbessern, um den Finanzierungsaufwand der Förderprogramme zu reduzieren. Die Programme sollten zudem strukturpolitische Kriterien berücksichtigen und Strukturhilfemaßnahmen branchenübergreifend ausgehandelt werden. Dadurch könnten Synergien zwischen dem Wachstum der Wasserstoffwirtschaft und dem dafür notwendigen Strukturwandel realisiert sowie das Konfliktpotenzial aufgrund von Verteilungsfragen reduziert werden. Zukünftig ist davon auszugehen, dass mit zunehmender Anzahl und Größe von Wasserstoffprojekten lokale Konflikte um deren Standorte sowie zwischen Regionen um die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Projekte zunehmen werden.
Scalable subspace methods for derivative-free nonlinear least-squares optimization
Authors: Cartis Coralia , Roberts Lindon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe introduce a general framework for large-scale model-based derivative-free optimization based on iterative minimization within random subspaces. We present a probabilistic worst-case complexity analysis for our method, where in particular we prove high-probability bounds on the number of iterations before a given optimality is achieved. This framework is specialized to nonlinear least-squares problems, with a model-based framework based on the Gauss–Newton method. This method achieves scalability by constructing local linear interpolation models to approximate the Jacobian, and computes new steps at each iteration in a subspace with user-determined dimension. We then describe a practical implementation of this framework, which we call DFBGN. We outline efficient techniques for selecting the interpolation points and search subspace, yielding an implementation that has a low per-iteration linear algebra cost (linear in the problem dimension) while also achieving fast objective decrease as measured by evaluations. Extensive numerical results demonstrate that DFBGN has improved scalability, yielding strong performance on large-scale nonlinear least-squares problems.
How can we optimize the long-term outcome in children with intracranial cavernous malformations? A single-center experience of 61 cases
Authors: Hirschmann Dorian , Czech Thomas , Roessler Karl , Krachsberger Paul , Paliwal Shivam , Ciobanu-Caraus Olga , Cho Anna , Peyrl Andreas , Feucht Martha , Frischer Josa Maria , Dorfer Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe objective is to provide a treatment algorithm for pediatric patients with intracranial cavernous malformations (CMs) based on our experience. Patients < 18 years of age who were treated either surgically or conservatively at the authors’ institution between 1982 and 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. A total of 61 pediatric patients were treated at the authors’ institution: 39 with lobar CMs; 18 with deep CMs, including 12 in the brainstem and 6 in the basal ganglia; and 4 with CMs in the cerebellar hemispheres. Forty-two patients underwent surgery, and 19 were treated conservatively. The median follow-up time was 65 months (1–356 months). In surgically treated patients, lesions were larger (2.4 cm vs 0.9 cm, p < 0.001). In patients with lobar CMs, seizures were more common (72% vs 21%, p = 0.003) in the surgery group than in conservatively managed patients. In deep CMs, modified Rankin scale (mRS) was higher (4 vs 1, p = 0.003) in the surgery group than in conservatively treated patients. At the time of last follow-up, no differences in Wieser outcome class I were seen (86% vs 67%) in lobar CMs, and mRS scores had aligned between the treatment groups in deep CMs (1 vs 0). We encountered no new permanent neurological deficit at time of last follow-up. We propose a treatment algorithm according to lesion location and size, burden of symptoms, epilepsy workup, and further clinical course during observation. A conservative management is safe in pediatric patients with asymptomatic CMs. Gross total resection should be the aim in patients with symptomatic lobar CMs. A less aggressive approach with subtotal resection, when required to prevent neurological compromise, sustainably improves neurological outcome in patients with deep CMs.