bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between HIV stigma and HIV incidence in the context of universal testing and treatment: analysis of data from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in Zambia and South Africa
Authors: Hargreaves James R. , Pliakas Triantafyllos , Hoddinott Graeme , Mainga Tila , Mubekapi‐Musadaidzwa Constance , Donnell Deborah , Wilson Ethan , Piwowar‐Manning Estelle , Agyei Yaw , Bell‐Mandla Nomtha F. , Dunbar Rory , Schaap Ab , Macleod David , Floyd Sian , Bock Peter , Fidler Sarah , Seeley Janet , Stangl Anne , Bond Virginia , Ayles Helen , Hayes Richard J. ,   the HPTN 071 (PopART) study team
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate the association between individual and community‐level measures of HIV stigma and HIV incidence within the 21 communities participating in the HPTN (071) PopART trial in Zambia and South Africa.MethodsSecondary analysis of data from a population‐based cohort followed‐up over 36 months between 2013 and 2018. The outcome was rate of incident HIV infection among individuals who were HIV negative at cohort entry. Individual‐level exposures, measured in a random sample of all participants, were: (1) perception of stigma in the community, (2) perception of stigma in health settings and (3) fear and judgement towards people living with HIV. Individual‐level analyses were conducted with adjusted, individual‐level Poisson regression. Community‐level HIV stigma exposures drew on data reported by people living with HIV, health workers and community members. We used linear regression to explore the association between HIV stigma and community‐level HIV incidence.ResultsAmong 8172 individuals who were HIV negative and answered individual‐level stigma questions at enrolment to the cohort, there was no evidence of a statistically significant association between any domain of HIV stigma and risk of incident HIV infection. Among the full cohort of 26,110 individuals among whom HIV incidence was measured, there was no evidence that community‐level HIV incidence was associated with any domain of HIV stigma.ConclusionsHIV stigma is often cited as a barrier to the effectiveness of HIV prevention programming. However, in the setting for the HPTN 071 “PopART trial,” measured stigma alone was not associated with the risk of HIV infection.
Qualitative analysis of cash‐based interventions for water, sanitation, and hygiene operations and maintenance in internally displaced persons sites in Kachin, Myanmar
Authors: Domini Marta , Pererira Sunny Guidotti , Win Aye , Lantagne Daniele 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCash‐based interventions are increasingly used in humanitarian response, including in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector. To strengthen evidence, we conducted a qualitative study on cash‐based interventions programs for WASH operations and maintenance in Kachin, Myanmar. We collected field data for one programme and completed a desk review for two programs. We found camp‐based committees were responsible for spending decisions and cash use was aligned with community needs/priorities. Programme strengths included community empowerment, time effectiveness; programme weaknesses included funding insecurity, limited training and monitoring and vulnerable groups inclusion. Recommendations for cash‐based WASH operation and maintenance programs in Kachin and similar contexts are presented.
Effect of over crop and reduced yield by cluster thinning on phenolic and volatile compounds of grapes and wines of ‘Sangiovese’ trained to Tendone
Authors: Alba Vittorio , Natrella Giuseppe , Gambacorta Giuseppe , Crupi Pasquale , Coletta Antonio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUND‘Sangiovese’ (Vitis vinifera L.) is a well‐known Italian wine grape utilized for producing the prestigious Chianti Classico brand. Here, ‘Sangiovese’ is generally trained to a vertical training system, with an imposed crop level of around 3–5 kg per vine to preserve grape quality. Tendone comprises a horizontal trellis system, largely diffused in Mediterranean Countries for table grape production, and is adopted to achieve a high yield and to preserve grapes, by means of its canopy architecture, from excessive solar radiation, which in turn affects the organoleptic aspects of grapes and wines. The present study aimed to evaluate, in terms of phenolic and volatile compounds of grape and wines, ‘Sangiovese’ trained to Tendone, as affected by two crop levels, namely very high and reduced yields.RESULTSReduced yield (18.39 kg per vine) by cluster thinning still appeared to provide a considerable yield and quality of grapes and wines. Thinning increased pH, tartaric acid content, flavonoids, anthocyanins, total polyphenols and proanthocyanins, and total free and bound aroma compounds, without affecting soluble solids and titratable acidity of grapes. As regards wines, reduced yield increased pH, tartaric and malic acids and dry reduced extract, flavonoids, anthocyanins, total polyphenols and proanthocyanins, and, finally, the color intensity of wines.CONCLUSIONThe present study highlights that Tendone training systems, combined with 40% of cluster thinning, allows a high yield to be reached, allowing, at the same time, a very interesting quality of grapes, making it possible to produce qualitative wines. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Screening of potent α‐glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant polyphenols in Prunella vulgaris L. by bioreaction–HPLC–quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight‐MS/MS and in silico analysis
Authors: Cheng Li , Wang Fang , Cao Yuanxin , Cai Guihan , Wei Qisheng , Shi Shuyun , Guo Ying 
Published: July 2022

Prunella vulgaris L. is a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine for blood glucose homeostasis and antioxidant potential. Ethyl acetate fraction of P. vulgaris L. demonstrated higher phenolic content (85.53 ± 6.74 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram dry weight), α‐glucosidase inhibitory (IC50, 69.13 ± 2.86 μg/ml), and antioxidant (IC50, 8.68 ± 1.01 μg/ml) activities. However, the bioactive polyphenols responsible for the beneficial properties remain unclear. Here, bioreaction–HPLC–quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight‐MS/MS method was developed for rapid, accurate, and efficient screening and identification of polyphenols with α‐glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities from P. vulgaris L. Bioactive polyphenols can specifically bind with α‐glucosidase or react with 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl radical, which was easily discriminated from nonactive compounds. Subsequently, 20 bioactive polyphenols (16 phenyl propionic acid derivatives and four flavonoids) were screened and identified. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis revealed that screened 20 polyphenols bind with the active sites of α‐glucosidase through hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated their electron transport ability and chemical reactivity. The in silico analysis confirmed the screened results. In summary, this study provided a valuable strategy for rapid discovering bioactive compounds from complex natural products and offered scientific evidence for further development and application of P. vulgaris L.
Towards conserving wetlands: Application of the social identity model of collective action
Authors: Valizadeh Naser , Sadeghi Shahrnoy Kaveh , Bijani Masoud , Hayati Dariush , Hallaj Zeynab , Azadi Hossein 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the willingness of farmers to participate in the management and conservation of the wetlands in Iran. Theoretically, our study introduces social identity models of collective action into the discourse of sustainable wetland management for the first time. The study site was Ghara Gheshlagh Wetland one of the important wetlands in northwestern Iran. The present applied research was conducted using a cross‐sectional survey. The statistical population was the farming communities around the Ghara Gheshlagh Wetland. A proportionally allocated multi‐staged stratified random sampling approach was employed to select 373 farmers as a representative sample. The data collection tool was a closed‐ended questionnaire whose validity and reliability were tested and approved. The results indicated that the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) and the encapsulation model of social identity in collective action (EMSICA) were able to explain 0.45 and 0.40 of the variance changes in the farmers' willingness to participate in the management and conservation of the wetland. This finding reveals that the environmental and wetland policies and management practice require collective determination, formation of collective identity beliefs, and we thinking system. Therefore, the SIMCA can better assist wetland managers, policy‐makers, practitioners, and socio‐ecological intervenors than the EMSICA because of its emphasis on social identity.
Measuring SARS‐CoV‐2 aerosolization in rooms of hospitalized patients
Authors: Yan Kenneth , Lin Jing , Albaugh Shaley , Yang Meredith , Wang Esther , Cyberski Thomas , Abasiyanik Mustafa Fatih , Wroblewski Kristen E. , O'Connor Michael , Klock Allan , Tung Avery , Shahul Sajid , Kurian Dinesh , Tay Savaş , Pinto Jayant M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveAirborne spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) remains a significant risk for healthcare workers. Understanding transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the hospital could help minimize nosocomial infection. The objective of this pilot study was to measure aerosolization of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the hospital rooms of COVID‐19 patients.MethodsTwo air samplers (Inspirotec) were placed 1 and 4 m away from adults with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection hospitalized at an urban, academic tertiary care center from June to October 2020. Airborne SARS‐CoV‐2 concentration was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by clinical parameters and patient demographics.ResultsThirteen patients with COVID‐19 (eight females [61.5%], median age: 57 years old, range 25–82) presented with shortness of breath (100%), cough (38.5%) and fever (15.4%). Respiratory therapy during air sampling varied: mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube (n = 3), high flow nasal cannula (n = 4), nasal cannula (n = 4), respiratory helmet (n = 1), and room air (n = 1). SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was identified in rooms of three out of three intubated patients compared with one out of 10 of the non‐intubated patients (p = .014). Airborne SARS‐CoV‐2 tended to decrease with distance (1 vs. 4 m) in rooms of intubated patients.ConclusionsHospital rooms of intubated patients had higher levels of aerosolized SARS‐CoV‐2, consistent with increased aerosolization of virus in patients with severe disease or treatment with positive pressure ventilation through an endotracheal tube. While preliminary, these data have safety implications for health care workers and design of protective measures in the hospital.Level of Evidence2
Nondispersive Space–Time Wave Packets Propagating in Dispersive Media
Authors: He Hao , Guo Cheng , Xiao Meng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpace–time wave packets can propagate invariantly in free space with arbitrary group velocity thanks to the spatio‐temporal correlation. Here it is proved that the space–time wave packets are stable in dispersive media as well and free from the spread in time caused by material dispersion. Furthermore, the law of anomalous refraction for space–time wave packets is generalized to the weakly dispersive situation. These results reveal new potential of space–time wave packets for the applications in real dispersive media.
Various‐order soliton molecule evolution in a fiber laser with nonlinear polarization rotation effect
Authors: Ban Xiaoqiang , Li Xiaohui , Zhong Ming , Little Brent E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe generation and evolution of soliton molecules are investigated theoretically with the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations based on a vector field. The formation of second‐and third‐order soliton molecules is investigated. Besides this, various‐order soliton molecules from the 6th order to the 13th order have been observed by adjusting small‐signal gain and phase delay. Finally, we analyze the reason for the soliton molecule generation. Exploring soliton molecules is helpful for optical communication as well as for fiber laser design.
Exploratory study of seed spots analysis to characterize dose and linear‐energy‐transfer effect in adverse event initialization of pencil‐beam‐scanning proton therapy
Authors: Yang Yunze , Patel Samir H. , Bridhikitti Jidapa , Wong William W. , Halyard Michele Y. , McGee Lisa A. , Rwigema Jean‐Claude M. , Schild Steven E. , Vora Sujay A. , Liu Tianming , Bues Martin , Fatyga Mirek , Foote Robert L. , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBoth dose and linear energy transfer (LET) could play a substantial role in adverse event (AE) initialization of cancer patients treated with pencil‐beam‐scanning (PBS) proton therapy. However, not all the voxels within the AE regions are directly induced from the dose and LET effect. It is important to study the synergistic effect of dose and LET in AE initialization by only including a subset of voxels that are dosimetrically important.PurposeTo perform exploratory investigation of the dose and LET effects upon AE initialization in PBS using seed spots analysis.MethodsA total of 113 head‐and‐neck (H&N) cancer patients receiving curative PBS were included. Among them, 20 patients experienced unanticipated CTCAEv4.0 grade ≥3 AEs (AE group) and 93 patients did not (control group). Within the AE group, 13 AE patients were included in the seed spot analysis to derive the descriptive features of AE initialization and the remaining 7 mandible osteoradionecrosis patients and 93 control patients were used to derive the feature‐based volume constraint of mandible osteoradionecrosis. The AE regions were contoured and the corresponding dose–LET volume histograms of AE regions were generated for all patients in the AE group. We selected high LET voxels (the highest 5% of each dose bin) with a range of moderate‐to‐high dose (≥∼40‐Gy relative biological effectiveness) as critical voxels. Critical voxels that were contiguous with each other were grouped into clusters. Each cluster was considered a potential independent seed spot for AE initialization. Seed spots were displayed in a 2D dose–LET plane based on their mean dose and LET to derive the descriptive features of AE initialization. A volume constraint of mandible osteoradionecrosis was then established based on the extracted features using a receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsThe product of dose and LET (xBD) was found to be a descriptive feature of seed spots leading to AE initialization in this preliminary study. The derived xBD volume constraint for mandible osteoradionecrosis showed good performance with an area under curve of 0.87 (sensitivity of 0.714 and specificity of 0.807 in the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation) for the very limited patient data included in this study.ConclusionOur exploratory study showed that both dose and LET were observed to be important in AE initializations. The derived xBD volume constraint could predict mandible osteoradionecrosis reasonably well in the very limited H&N cancer patient data treated with PBS included in this study.
The consequences of a weight‐centric approach to healthcare: A case for a paradigm shift in how clinicians address body weight
Authors: Mauldin Kasuen , May Michelle , Clifford Dawn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCurrent healthcare is weight‐centric, equating weight and health. This approach to healthcare has negative consequences on patient well‐being. The aim of this article is to make a case for a paradigm shift in how clinicians view and address body weight. In this review, we (1) address common flawed assumptions in the weight‐centric approach to healthcare, (2) review the weight science literature and provide evidence for the negative consequences of promoting dieting and weight loss, and (3) provide practice recommendations for weight‐inclusive care.
Designing blenderized tube feeding diets for children and investigating their physicochemical and microbial properties and Dietary Inflammatory Index
Authors: Bahramian Behnam , Sarabi‐Jamab Mahboobe , Talebi Saeedeh , Razavi Seyed Mohammad Ali , Rezaie Mitra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to the benefits of blenderized tube feeding (BTF) diets, the interest in using them is increasing. This study aimed to design BTFs for children and investigate their physicochemical and microbial properties, as well as Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII).MethodsFive BTF diets were formulated mainly with fresh foods; their DII, physical (viscosity), and chemical (moisture, ash, protein, fat, energy, and micronutrients) characteristics were assessed. Also, the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system was implemented for quality assurance of preparation, storage, and delivery of BTFs to patients in hospital. The microbial contamination (total count, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus coagulase positive, mold, and yeast) was analyzed.ResultsEnergy and percentages of protein, fat, and carbohydrate in BTFs were in the range of 103–112 kcal/100 ml, 16%–22%, 28%–34%, and 48%–52%, respectively. The viscosity of the five developed BTFs was between 29 and 64 centipoises, which allows the formulas to flow without syringe pressure. The DII of all BTFs was between −0.73 and −2.24. Due to the implementation of HACCP, monitoring the production line of BTFs, and performance of corrective measures, no microbial contamination was observed by indicator pathogenic microorganisms.ConclusionA planned BTF diet can be an excellent selection for children using enteral nutrition with tube feeding especially when they are made from fresh and anti‐inflammatory foods such as recipes prepared in this study.
Four‐dimensional assessment of facial expression before and after orthognathic surgery in skeletal Class III patients
Authors: Ishihata Kiyohide , Kibe Toshiro , Seong Chang‐Hwan , Tada Ryouhei , Nozoe Etsuro , Nakamura Norifumi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimIt is widely known that orthognathic surgery affects changes in facial soft tissue morphology. However, the effect of orthognathic surgery on facial expression remains to be verified. The purpose of this study was to examine the pros and cons of the effects of orthognathic surgery on facial expression in skeletal Class III patients.MethodsFifteen patients (5 males, 10 females) were captured pre‐surgery and at 6 months' post‐surgery using Kinect camera while performing facial soft tissue movements (opening mouth, smiling, and blowing). The three‐dimensional coordinates, amount of movement, and velocity of the eight facial soft tissue landmarks during motion were obtained. As controls, 15 Japanese healthy volunteers with Class I occlusion were included.ResultsDifferences in the three‐dimensional coordinate values during movement were confirmed, and there were some landmarks in the lower face region of the preoperative patient that showed significant differences compared with the control. Total amount of movement and velocity of Pogonion during smiling were significantly smaller than those of the control group, but there was no significant difference between the control and postoperative groups at any landmarks after surgery. It was suggested that patients with skeletal Class III may have limited movement in some movements, and it was confirmed that with orthognathic surgery, the aspect of movement would be similar to that of the control.ConclusionsOrthognathic surgery may be beneficial to the facial muscles without limiting facial movements.
Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: Measures of drug utilization based on individual‐level drug dispensing data
Authors: Rasmussen Lotte , Wettermark Björn , Steinke Douglas , Pottegård Anton 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDrug utilization studies are essential to facilitate rational drug use in the society.AimIn this review, we provide an overview of drug utilization measures that can be used with individual‐level drug dispensing data, referencing additional reading on the individual analysis. This is intended to serve as a primer for those new to drug utilization research and a shortlist from which researchers can identify useful analytical approaches when designing their drug utilization study.Results and DiscussionWe provide an overview of: (1) basic measures of drug utilization which are used to describe changes in drug use over time or compare drug use in different populations; (2) treatment adherence measures with specific focus on persistence and implementation; (3) how to measure drug combinations which is useful when assessing drug–drug interactions, concomitant treatment, and polypharmacy; (4) prescribing quality indicators and measures to assess variations in drug use which are useful tools to assess appropriate use of drugs; (5) proxies of prescription drug misuse and skewness in drug use; and (6) considerations when describing the characteristics of drug users or prescribers.
Registration of ‘Georgia‐21GR’ peanut
Authors: Branch W. D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract‘Georgia‐21GR’ (Reg. no. CV‐148, PI 699897) is a high‐yielding, normal to mid‐oleic, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Family Tospoviridae, Order Bunyavirales)‐resistant, medium‐large seeded, runner‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar that was released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2021. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Georgia‐21GR originated from a cross made between a Georgia runner‐type cultivar, ‘Georgia‐10T’, and GA 062711, an advanced runner‐type Georgia breeding line. Pedigree selection was practiced within the early‐segregating generations. Performance testing began in the F4:6 generation with the advanced pure‐line selection GA 142513, which was the experimental designation of Georgia‐21GR. During 6 yr (2015–2020) averaged over 20 multilocation tests in Georgia, Georgia‐21GR had significantly higher total sound mature kernels grade and lower seed weight compared with ‘Georgia‐06G’. Georgia‐21GR is most similar to Georgia‐06G and should be considered another excellent cultivar for a normal to mid‐oleic option in the U.S. peanut production area.
The prevalence and associated factors of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in Turkish children and adolescents
Authors: Yazar Birgul , Meydanlioglu Ayse 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimWe aim to determine the prevalence and related risk factors of asthma and allergic diseases in school children and adolescent in Konya, Turkey, and to compare this prevalence with that of 11 years ago.MethodsThis descriptive correlational study also includes the third phase of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood protocol. A total of 2220 students aged between 6 and 18 took part in this study.ResultsIn our study, prevalence of wheezing of 21.8%, eczema of 4.3%, and allergic rhinitis of 43.2% were found in students until this age. In the study, student smoking, school location, history of asthma in the family, mold or moisture at home, and mother's smoking now were related factors for wheezing, while eating habits, breastfeeding, and student's gender were determined as related factors for allergic rhinitis symptoms in the past 12 months. In addition, having a pet, eating habits, and school level were determined as related factors for eczema symptoms in the past 12 months (p < 0.05). As a result of comparison of the findings of this study with the results of the study conducted by Güner et al., it was determined that the rates of wheezing and allergic rhinitis had increased, whereas the rate of eczema had decreased (p < 0.05).ConclusionIt was determined that under the effect of urbanization in Konya, the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in students had increased, while the prevalence of eczema had decreased.