bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications after surgical treatment of acetabular fractures: a 5-year follow-up of 229 patients
Authors: Lundin Natalie , Berg Hans E. , Enocson Anders 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Acetabular fractures are injuries often surgically treated, but the surgical intervention is associated with a high risk of subsequent complications. The primary aim of this study was to explore the rate of reoperations and to identify potential risk factors for reoperation. Secondary aims were other adverse events and mortality.

Methods
Patients ≥ 18 years with a surgically treated acetabular fracture at a single trauma center in Sweden between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively included. Data were collected through review of medical records and radiographs. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with reoperations and other adverse events.

Results
A total of 229 patients with a surgically treated acetabular fracture were included, mean age (± SD, range) 60 (19, 19–94) years. The majority of the patients were males (n = 180, 79%), and the median (IQR) follow-up time was 1779 (1906) days (4.9 years). 47 patients (21%) underwent a reoperation. THA as surgical method was associated with a lower reoperation rate compared to ORIF (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.8, p < 0.01). 72 patients (31%) sustained an adverse event not requiring reoperation, and admittance to ICU was associated with an increased risk (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2–5.7, p = 0.02). 30-day mortality was 3.1% and 1-year mortality 5.7%.

Conclusion
The complication rate after acetabular fracture surgery was high, and surgical treatment with primary THA was associated with a reduced risk for reoperation.
Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the non-ampullary duodenum with mismatch repair deficiency: a rare case report
Authors: Nozawa Yumi , Ishida Kazuyuki , Maiko Niki , Takada-Owada Atsuko , Onozaki Masato , Takaoka Mina , Matsuyama Kinichi , Sakuraoka Yuhki , Nakazato Yoshimasa , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA non-ampullary duodenal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC), consisting of a conventional adenocarcinoma and a neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), is exceedingly rare. Moreover, mismatch repair (MMR) deficient tumors have recently attracted attention. The patient, a 75-year-old woman with epigastric pain and nausea, was found to have a type 2 tumor of the duodenum, which was diagnosed on biopsy as a poorly differentiated carcinoma. A pancreaticoduodenectomy specimen showed a well-defined 50 × 48 mm tumor in the duodenal bulb, which was morphologically composed of glandular, sheet-like, and pleomorphic components. The glandular component was a tubular adenocarcinoma, showing a MUC5AC-positive gastric type. The sheet-like component consisted of homogenous tumor cells, with chromogranin A and synaptophysin diffusely positive, and a Ki-67 index of 72.8%. The pleomorphic component was diverse and prominent atypical tumor cells proliferated, focally positive for chromogranin A, diffusely positive for synaptophysin, and the Ki-67 index was 67.1%. The sheet-like and pleomorphic components were considered NEC, showing aberrant expression of p53, retinoblastoma, and p16. Notably, all three components were deficient in MLH1 and PMS2. We diagnosed a non-ampullary duodenal MANEC with MMR deficiency. This tumor has a unique morphology and immunohistochemical profile, and is valuable for clarifying the tumorigenesis mechanism of a non-ampullary duodenal MANEC.
An evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of Gatekeeper™ intersphincteric implants for passive faecal incontinence
Authors: Jabbar S. A. A. , Camilleri-Brennan J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Implantation of Gatekeeper™ prostheses presents an option for the treatment of passive faecal incontinence (FI). Whilst preliminary results are encouraging, long-term data regarding its sustained benefit are limited. The aim of this study was to assess and evaluate the long-term clinical function and quality of life of patients with passive faecal incontinence who were treated with Gatekeeper™ prostheses.

Methods
This was a single centre, single surgeon retrospective study of prospectively collected clinical data in patients with FI treated between June 2012 and May 2019. Patients with passive FI with symptoms refractory to conservative treatment and endoanal ultrasonography showing intact or disrupted internal anal sphincter were included. Formal clinical and quality of life assessments were carried out using the St. Mark’s Incontinence Score (SMIS) and Faecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQoL) questionnaires at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and then annually. Endoanal ultrasonography was performed both before and after surgery.

Results
Forty patients (14 males, 26 females) with a median age of 62.5 (range 33–80) years were treated with the Gatekeeper™ implant. The majority of patients (87.5%) received six implants. There were no peri or post-operative complications. Prosthesis migration was observed in 12.5% patients. The median follow-up duration was 5 years (interquartile range (IQR) 3.25–6.00 years). A sustained improvement in median SMIS and FIQoL scores from baseline to follow-up was noted. Significant differences were observed between the median baseline SMIS score and last follow-up score of 16.00 (IQR 15.00–16.75) to 7.00 (IQR 5.00–8.00) respectively (p < 0.001), a 56.25% decrease. The overall median FIQoL score showed a significant improvement from 7.95 (IQR 7.13–9.48) to 13.15 (IQR 12.00–13.98) (p < 0.001) a 65.40% increase.

Conclusions
Gatekeeper™ implantation is a safe approach to treating passive FI and is minimally invasive, reproducible and has minimal complications. Long-term sustained clinical improvement is achievable beyond 5 years. Careful patient selection is paramount, as is consistency of technique and follow-up protocol.
Nachhaltigkeitsziele in der Wirtschaftspolitik
Authors:   Ueberblick
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Wissenschaftliche Beirat beim Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz hat in seiner 500. Sitzung im April 2022 ein internes Symposium zu Nachhaltigkeitszielen in der Wirtschaftspolitik durchgeführt, um verschiedene Aspekte dieser Thematik zu vertiefen. Gerade im Zusammenhang mit der Bekämpfung des Klimawandels ist die Erreichung von Nachhaltigkeitszielen von höchster politischer Priorität. Diese gehen über die Klimaziele hinaus — verwiesen wird in dem Zusammenhang häufig auf die Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) der Vereinten Nationen. Die Autor:innen diskutieren aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven, wie sich der Auftrag zur Nachhaltigkeit auf Gesetzgebung, Regulierung und das Verhalten der Unternehmen auswirkt.
Language advocacy in times of securitization and neoliberalization: The Network LanguageRights
Authors: Flubacher Mi-Cha , Busch Brigitta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, we aim to address the following questions: What does it mean to do language advocacy in 2022? Under which conditions does it operate? What are the fights, aims, and challenges? On the one hand, answering these questions heavily depends on the political, social, cultural and linguistic context, as well as on the interests, stakes and positions of the advocacy actors. On the other, we argue that recent political economic transformations are conditioning language advocacy more than ever. In the following, we will outline two transformations we consider particularly prevalent, i.e. neoliberalization and securitization, discuss what language advocacy actually means, and exemplify this with the case of theNetwork LanguageRights (NLR), a language advocacy group based in Vienna, dedicated to language rights of minorities and minoritized speakers in the Austrian context, and with a focus on language policies. We will further zoom into one particular discussion occurring at the heart of the NLR, which will lead us to a concluding discussion of possible ways of rethinking language advocacy, in particular in paying attention to the notion of linguistic citizenship.
Heuristic search of (semi-)bent functions based on cellular automata
Authors: Mariot Luca , Saletta Martina , Leporati Alberto , Manzoni Luca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn interesting thread in the research of Boolean functions for cryptography and coding theory is the study of secondary constructions: given a known function with a good cryptographic profile, the aim is to extend it to a (usually larger) function possessing analogous properties. In this work, we continue the investigation of a secondary construction based on cellular automata (CA), focusing on the classes of bent and semi-bent functions. We prove that our construction preserves the algebraic degree of the local rule, and we narrow our attention to the subclass of quadratic functions, performing several experiments based on exhaustive combinatorial search and heuristic optimization through Evolutionary Strategies (ES). Finally, we classify the obtained results up to permutation equivalence, remarking that the number of equivalence classes that our CA-XOR construction can successfully extend grows very quickly with respect to the CA diameter.
A survey of HPC algorithms and frameworks for large-scale gradient-based nonlinear optimization
Authors: Liu Felix , Fredriksson Albin , Markidis Stefano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLarge-scale numerical optimization problems arise from many fields and have applications in both industrial and academic contexts. Finding solutions to such optimization problems efficiently requires algorithms that are able to leverage the increasing parallelism available in modern computing hardware. In this paper, we review previous work on parallelizing algorithms for nonlinear optimization. To introduce the topic, the paper starts by giving an accessible introduction to nonlinear optimization and high-performance computing. This is followed by a survey of previous work on parallelization and utilization of high-performance computing hardware for nonlinear optimization algorithms. Finally, we present a number of optimization software libraries and how they are able to utilize parallel computing today. This study can serve as an introduction point for researchers interested in nonlinear optimization or high-performance computing, as well as provide ideas and inspiration for future work combining these topics.
Feature-based CBCT self-calibration for arbitrary trajectories
Authors: Tönnes Christian , Russ Tom , Schad Lothar R. , Zöllner Frank G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose

Development of an algorithm to self-calibrate arbitrary CBCT trajectories which can be used to reduce metal artifacts. By using feature detection and matching we want to reduce the amount of parameters for the BFGS optimization and thus reduce the runtime.

Methods

Each projection is 2D-3D registered on a prior image with AKAZE feature detection and brute force matching. Translational misalignment is calculated directly from the misalignment of feature positions, rotations are aligned using a minimization algorithm that fits a quartic function and determines the minimum of this function.

Evaluation

We did three experiments to compare how well the algorithm can handle noise on the different degrees of freedom. Our algorithms are compared to Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) minimizer with Normalized Gradient Information (NGI) objective function, and BFGS with distance between features objective function using SSIM, nRMSE, and the Dice coefficient of segmented metal object.

Results

Our algorithm (Feature ORiented Calibration for Arbitrary Scan Trajectories with Enhanced Reliability (FORCASTER)) performs on par with the state-of-the-art algorithms (BFGS with NGI objective). nRMSE: FORCASTER = 0.3390, BFGS+NGI = 0.3441; SSIM: FORCASTER = 0.83, BFGS + NGI = 0.79; Dice: FORCASTER = 0.86, BFGS + NGI = 0.87.

Conclusion

The proposed algorithm can determine the parameters of the projection orientations for arbitrary trajectories with calibration quality comparable to state-of-the-art algorithms, but faster and with higher tolerance to errors in the initially guessed parameters.
Effects of Internationalization Rhythm and Speed on E-Commerce Firms’ Growth and the Role of Institutional Distances
Authors: Swoboda Bernhard , Sinning Carolina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn an increasingly digitalizing economy, e-commerce firms are known to internationalize faster and more irregularly than offline firms. However, it is important to analyze how e-commerce firms benefit from time-based internationalization decisions and whether they are still limited by institutional distances that are said to lose relevance, which we do not believe. We propose a theory-based framework to analyze the effects of e-commerce firms’ internationalization rhythm and speed on their sales growth. Importantly, we apply multilevel modeling with cross-level interactions to provide insights into the role of institutional moderators, i.e., regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive distances. We use data from 228 e-commerce firms that are operating Europe’s leading online shops and 1702 market entries over 21 years. The results show that e-commerce firms exhibit stronger growth due to their irregular and fast internationalization process. However, this relationship changes depending on certain institutional distances, and different explanations regarding country-specific variances are provided. The findings have direct implications for managers interested in how online internationalization processes affect firm growth in light of the differing degrees of cross-country contextual differences among common institutions.
Accelerated Internationalization Among Inexperienced Digital Entrepreneurs: Toward a Holistic Entrepreneurial Decision-Making Model
Authors: Gabrielsson Mika , Raatikainen Markus , Julkunen Saara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study explores accelerated internationalization among inexperienced digital entrepreneurs who lack resources such as prior experience, knowledge, and networks, which previous research regards as prerequisites for such growth. Following an in-depth qualitative research methodology, the findings reveal three theoretical mechanisms through which inexperienced entrepreneurs can make international commitment decisions with regard to the internationalization of their digital firms. The first is a novel mindset-based approach through which an entrepreneur can make an affective commitment to the international stakeholders within a digital community. Entrepreneurs do that by applying pull-based tools in digital communication to build interest among potential network contacts. The second mechanism is a means-based approach following effectuation logic resulting in an effectual form of commitment to international stakeholders in the digital community. The mechanism relies on applying push-based tools for digital communication to facilitate interactions with known network contacts. The third mechanism is continuance commitment to international business that entrepreneurs can foster over time in tandem with accumulated international experiential knowledge. This research provides an entrepreneurial decision-making model that extends effectuation theory and integrates it with extant research. The resulting holistic entrepreneurial decision-making model explains the accelerated internationalization of digital firms.
In-situ anatomical and elemental response of aquatic macrophytes against nutrient enrichment in freshwater tropical lakes
Authors: Dubey Divya , Kumar Saroj , Dutta Venkatesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNutrient enrichment in lakes due to municipal wastewater discharge and agricultural run-off leads to excessive growth of algae and aquatic macrophytes leading to their altered trophic states. This paper presents the effect of wastewater-induced nutrient enrichment on the anatomical changes and elemental profiling in three common aquatic macrophytes of freshwater lakes in India’s Central Gangetic Plain. It is observed that with increase in trophic state, biomineral depositions are seen in the leaf anatomy of aquatic macrophytes. Elemental variations in free-floating (Eichhornia crassipes), submerged (Hydrilla verticillata) and emergent (Typha latifolia) macrophytes collected from three different lakes with different catchment characteristics and trophic state using EDS (Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) spectra show that with increasing trophic state, elemental constituent in the aquatic macrophytes also increases. The rhizome of Eichhornia crassipes showed the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) images and EDS analysis. Among macrophytes, floating and submerged macrophytes show a greater number of elemental constituents as compared to the emergent macrophytes. The findings of this study show that the anatomical and elemental responses of macrophytes are dependent both on the water quality and trophic state of the lakes. In-situ responses of macrophytes are based on their tolerance level against the pollution load and environmental changes. This study has important implications for understanding the response mechanism of macrophytes with changing water quality and increasing trophic state, which may help in proper management of freshwater ecosystem.
Mechanism of superlubricity of a DLC/Si3N4 contact in the presence of castor oil and other green lubricants
Authors: Long Yun , Wang Yang , Weihnacht Volker , Makowski Stefan , Kubo Momoji , Martin Jean Michel , De Barros Bouchet Maria-Isabel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo meet the surging needs in energy efficiency and eco-friendly lubricants, a novel superlubricious technology using a vegetable oil and ceramic materials is proposed. By coupling different hydrogen-free amorphous carbon coatings with varying fraction of sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon in presence of a commercially available silicon nitride bulk ceramic, castor oil provides superlubricity although the liquid vegetable oil film in the contact is only a few nanometres thick at most. Besides a partial liquid film possibly separating surfaces in contact, local tribochemical reactions between asperities are essential to maintain superlubricity at low speeds. High local pressure activates chemical degradation of castor oil generating graphitic/graphenic-like species on top of asperities, thus helping both the chemical polishing of surface and its chemical passivation by H and OH species. Particularly, the formation of the formation of −(CH2−CH2)n− noligomers have been evidenced to have a major role in the friction reduction. Computer simulation unveils that formation of chemical degradation products of castor oil on friction surfaces are favoured by the quantity of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in the amorphous carbon structure. Hence, tuning sp2-carbon content in hydrogen-free amorphous carbon, in particular, on the top layers of the coating, provides an alternative way to control superlubricity achieved with castor oil and other selected green lubricants.
Salem–Zygmund inequality for locally sub-Gaussian random variables, random trigonometric polynomials, and random circulant matrices
Authors: Barrera Gerardo , Manrique Paulo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript we give an extension of the classic Salem–Zygmund inequality for locally sub-Gaussian random variables. As an application, the concentration of the roots of a Kac polynomial is studied, which is the main contribution of this manuscript. More precisely, we assume the existence of the moment generating function for the iid random coefficients for the Kac polynomial and prove that there exists an annulus of width$$\begin{aligned} \text {O}( n^{-2}(\log n)^{-1/2-\gamma }), \quad \gamma >1/2\end{aligned}$$O(n-2(logn)-1/2-γ),γ>1/2around the unit circle that does not contain roots with high probability. As an another application, we show that the smallest singular value of a random circulant matrix is at least$$n^{-\rho }$$n-ρ,$$\rho \in (0,1/4)$$ρ∈(0,1/4)with probability$$1-\text {O}( n^{-2\rho })$$1-O(n-2ρ).
Local topological features of robust supply networks
Authors: Lyutov Alexey , Uygun Yilmaz , Hütt Marc-Thorsten 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe design of robust supply and distribution systems is one of the fundamental challenges at the interface of network science and logistics. Given the multitude of performance criteria, real-world constraints, and external influences acting upon such a system, even formulating an appropriate research question to address this topic is non-trivial. Here we present an abstraction of a supply and distribution system leading to a minimal model, which only retains stylized facts of the systemic function and, in this way, allows us to investigate the generic properties of robust supply networks. On this level of abstraction, a supply and distribution system is the strategic use of transportation to eliminate mismatches between production patterns (i.e., the amounts of goods produced at each production site of a company) and demand patterns (i.e., the amount of goods consumed at each location). When creating networks based on this paradigm and furthermore requiring the robustness of the system with respect to the loss of transportation routes (edge of the network) we see that robust networks are built from specific sets of subgraphs, while vulnerable networks display a markedly different subgraph composition. Our findings confirm a long-standing hypothesis in the field of network science, namely, that network motifs—statistically over-represented small subgraphs—are informative about the robust functioning of a network. Also, our findings offer a blueprint for enhancing the robustness of real-world supply and distribution systems.
On obstacle problems for non coercive linear operators
Authors: Boccardo L. , Cirmi G. R. , Rodrigues J. F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the one and the two obstacles problems associated with a linear elliptic operator, which is non coercive due to the presence of a convection term. We show that the operator is weakly T-monotone and, as a consequence, we establish the Lewy–Stampacchia dual estimates and we study the comparison and the continuous dependence of the solutions as the obstacles vary. As an application, we prove also the existence of solutions for a class of non coercive implicit obstacle problems.