bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of duty hours on competency‐related knowledge acquisition among community hospital residents
Authors: Nagasaki Kazuya , Nishizaki Yuji , Hachisuka Chisato , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Shimizu Taro , Yamamoto Yu , Shikino Kiyoshi , Fukui Sho , Nishiguchi Sho , Katayama Kohta , Kurihara Masaru , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of duty hour (DH) restrictions on postgraduate residents' acquisition of clinical competencies is unclear. We evaluated the relationship between DHs and competency‐related knowledge acquisition using the General Medicine In‐training Examination (GM‐ITE).MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, cross‐sectional study of community hospital residents among 2019 GM‐ITE examinees. Self‐reported average DHs per week were classified into five DH categories and the competency domains were classified into four areas: symptomatology and clinical reasoning (CR), physical examination and clinical procedure (PP), medical interview and professionalism (MP), and disease knowledge (DK). The association between these scores and DHs was examined using random‐intercept linear models with and without adjustment for confounding factors.ResultsWe included 4753 participants in the analyses. Of these, 31% were women, and 49.1% were in the postgraduate year (PGY) 2. Mean CR and MP scores were lower among residents in Category 1 (<50 h) than in residents in Category 3 (≥60 and <70 h; reference group). Mean DK scores were lower among residents in Categories 1 and 2 (≥50 and <60 h) than in the reference group. PGY‐2 residents in Categories 1 and 2 had lower CR scores than those in Category 3; however, PGY‐1 residents in Category 5 showed higher scores.ConclusionsThe relationship between DHs and each competency area is not strictly linear. The acquisition of knowledge of physical examination and clinical procedures skills in particular may not be related to DHs.
Projection of compound wind and precipitation extremes in China based on Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models
Authors: Meng Yu , Hao Zengchao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xuan , Hao Fanghua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExtreme precipitation and extreme wind may lead to catastrophic impacts on ecosystems, infrastructure, human dwellings and settlements. The concurrence of the two extremes, compound wind and precipitation extremes (CWPEs), may cause even larger impacts than the univariate counterparts. Under global warming with increased weather and climate extremes, there is a necessity to explore projected changes of CWPEs in the future. Based on daily precipitation and surface wind speed from observations (CN05.1) and simulations of Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models, we assess changes of CWPEs in the mainland of China in the future. By defining CWPEs based on the 98th percentile threshold in summer seasons (June–July–August [JJA]) in historical periods (1995–2014), we first explore the model performance in simulating precipitation, wind speed and CWPEs in China during JJA in historical periods. We then compute the projected changes of CWPEs in the near‐term (2021–2040), mid‐term (2041–2060) and long‐term (2081–2100) periods under SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios. The occurrence of CWPEs is projected to increase in three future periods, particularly in the south and east China. Though a slight increase of CWPEs is shown under SSP1‐2.6 and SSP2‐4.5, the projected changes of CWPEs under SSP5‐8.5 show a dramatic increase (around 46%) in the long‐term period. Our assessment of projected changes in CWPEs can provide useful information to cope with the impact of CWPEs in China under climate change.
Microbial communities and biogeochemical functioning across peatlands in the Athabasca Oil Sands region of Canada: Implications for reclamation and management
Authors: Allingham Shaun M , Nwaishi Felix C , Andersen Roxane , Lamit Louis J , Elliott David R 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPeatlands play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles and are essential for multiple ecosystem functions. Understanding the environmental drivers of microbial functioning and community structure can provide insights to enable effective and evidence‐based management. However, it remains largely unknown how microbial diversity contributes to the functioning of belowground processes. Addressing this gap in knowledge will provide a better understanding of microbial‐mediated processes in peatlands that are undergoing restoration or reclamation. This study assessed the changes in microbial community diversity and structure as well as soil function by measuring microbial respiration on a range of substrates from three natural fen types found in the Athabasca Oil Sands region of Alberta, Canada (a poor fen, a hypersaline fen, and a tree‐rich fen) and a nearby constructed fen undergoing reclamation following open pit mining. Overall, substrate induced respiration was significantly higher in the constructed fen. Alpha diversity of fungi and prokaryotes was highest in the tree‐rich fen, and the composition of microbial communities was significantly different between fens. Both fungal and prokaryotic communities were strongly related to pore water pH and temperature, with plant richness also contributing to the shape of fungal communities. In summary, microbial community structure reflects the underlying differences in soil condition across different fens but plays essential roles in the ecological functions of soil. These findings provide a new outlook for the management of peatlands undergoing post‐mining reclamation. Future research on peatland reclamation should consider the dynamic interaction between communities and ecosystem functionality, for which this study forms a useful baseline.
Polypeptide‐PEG Conjugates via Ring Opening Polymerization of l‐Alanine N‐Carboxyanhydride
Authors: Ucak Özgün , Hause Gerd , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of well‐defined homo‐ and co‐polypeptides of L‐alanine (L‐Ala) by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of its N‐carboxyanhydride (NCAs), either via suspension/interfacial‐ or solution phase‐polymerization using 10‐undecene‐1‐amine and α,ω‐diamino poly(ethylene glycol) (8 or 1.5 kDa) as primary amine initiators is reported. When conducting ROP of NCA‐alanine under suspension/interfacial conditions, back‐biting can be preferably eliminated to reach enhanced control of the polymerization. Well‐defined structures of the resulting homo‐polypeptides with chain lengths ranging from n = 9 to 31 and the resulting amphiphilic polyalanine conjugates with molecular weights ranging from 3.8 to 15.3 kDa and a degree of polymerization of n = 18 to 102 are obtained. Structural characterization is performed via 1H‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). Subsequently, the folding of the homo‐ and triblock amphiphilic co‐polypeptides under a variety of parameters such as temperature, chain length, and backbone composition and the further transitions of these secondary structures are investigated in HFIP and HFIP‐H2O mixtures via circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. A solvent induced helical switch from a 310‐helix to a α‐helix when changing from HFIP to HFIP–water mixtures is observed, with water inducing helicity stronger in both, homo‐polyalanine and poly(alanine)‐PEG‐poly(alanine) triblock copolymers.
Do sell‐off market returns benefit all shareholders?
Authors: Chen Chiung‐Jung , Yu Chwo‐Ming Joseph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrawing from the resource‐based view and agency theory, we examine market returns associated with sell‐off announcements under different profit scenarios in a newly developed economy. We further explore the impact of controlling ownership on sell‐off market returns to illuminate the effect of agency conflicts on managers' strategic behaviors. The results reveal positive returns if firms sell loss‐increasing divisions and negative returns when they sell profitable/loss‐decreasing divisions. These suggest that sell‐offs do not benefit all shareholders under certain circumstances. The level of controlling ownership of firms/family firms also exerts a positive impact on sell‐off market returns.
3D DEM modeling of biocemented sand with fines as cementing agents
Authors: Wu Huanran , Wu Wei , Liang Weijian , Dai Feng , Liu Hanlong , Xiao Yang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicrobially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has attracted much attention as a promising green technique for soil improvement. Despite the significance of precipitation pattern in mind, constitutive relations or numerical models considering the finite‐strain mechanical effects of the various precipitation patterns are rarely developed. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D DEM modeling scheme by using coarse particles to represent sand grains and fines as cementing agents, to reproduce the various precipitation patterns in MICP‐treated sand. Based on the topological relations with adjacent particles and the contribution to the mechanical improvement, the cementing fines are classified into effective, partially effective, surface coating, and pore filling ones. The microstructural characteristics and their evolution upon external loading are investigated quantitatively after a careful calibration and validation. The microstructural variation in experiments can be well reproduced, pinpointing this variation as a possible cause for the fluctuation in experimental data. Massive coating fines are produced accompanying the microstructural degradation, which is initiated by the breakage of effective bonds. The breakage of partially effective bonds may become dominating later in the medium to strong cemented specimens. One weakly cemented specimen shows diffuse failure with simultaneous bond‐breakage and friction. In contrast, the medium to strong cemented specimens show localized failure with the dominating mechanism transiting from bond‐breakage to friction producing notable pore filling fines. We propose a relation between unconfined compressive strength and the equivalent effective volume fraction of cementing agents normalized by the pretreatment porosity, which reveals the coupling effects of the initial configuration and the precipitation pattern on the mechanical improvement.
Identification of monogenic variants in more than ten per cent of children without type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies at diagnosis in the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register
Authors: Harsunen Minna , Kettunen Jarno L. T. , Härkönen Taina , Dwivedi Om , Lehtovirta Mikko , Vähäsalo Paula , Veijola Riitta , Ilonen Jorma , Miettinen Päivi J. , Knip Mikael , Tuomi Tiinamaija 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Monogenic forms of diabetes (MODY, neonatal diabetes mellitus and syndromic forms) are rare, and affected individuals may be misclassified and treated suboptimally. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is high in Finnish children but systematic screening for monogenic diabetes has not been conducted. We assessed the prevalence and clinical manifestations of monogenic diabetes in children initially registered with type 1 diabetes in the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register (FPDR) but who had no type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies (AABs) or had only low-titre islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs) at diagnosis.

Methods
The FPDR, covering approximately 90% of newly diagnosed diabetic individuals aged ≤15 years in Finland starting from 2002, includes data on diabetes-associated HLA genotypes and AAB data (ICA, and autoantibodies against insulin, GAD, islet antigen 2 and zinc transporter 8) at diagnosis. A next generation sequencing gene panel including 42 genes was used to identify monogenic diabetes. We interpreted the variants in HNF1A by using the gene-specific standardised criteria and reported pathogenic and likely pathogenic findings only. For other genes, we also reported variants of unknown significance if an individual’s phenotype suggested monogenic diabetes.

Results
Out of 6482 participants, we sequenced DNA for 152 (2.3%) testing negative for all AABs and 49 (0.8%) positive only for low-titre ICAs (ICAlow). A monogenic form of diabetes was revealed in 19 (12.5%) of the AAB-negative patients (14 [9.2%] had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants) and two (4.1%) of the ICAlow group. None had ketoacidosis at diagnosis or carried HLA genotypes conferring high risk for type 1 diabetes. The affected genes were GCK, HNF1A, HNF4A, HNF1B, INS, KCNJ11, RFX6, LMNA and WFS1. A switch from insulin to oral medication was successful in four of five patients with variants in HNF1A, HNF4A or KCNJ11.

Conclusions/interpretation
More than 10% of AAB-negative children with newly diagnosed diabetes had a genetic finding associated with monogenic diabetes. Because the genetic diagnosis can lead to major changes in treatment, we recommend referring all AAB-negative paediatric patients with diabetes for genetic testing. Low-titre ICAs in the absence of other AABs does not always indicate a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Graphical abstract
Cost-neutral reduction of infection risk in picker-to-parts warehousing systems
Authors: Löffler Maximilian , Schneider Michael , Žulj Ivan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rapid and severe outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has heavily impacted warehouse operations around the world. In particular, picker-to-parts warehousing systems, in which human pickers collect requested items by moving from picking location to picking location, are very susceptible to the spread of infection among pickers because the latter generally work close to each other. This paper aims to mitigate the risk of infection in manual order picking. Given multiple pickers, each associated with a given sequence of picking tours for collecting the items specified by a picking order, we aim to execute the tours in a way that minimizes the time pickers simultaneously spend in the same picking aisles, but without changing the distance traveled by the pickers. To achieve this, we exploit the degrees of freedom induced by the fact that picking tours contain cycles which can be traversed in both directions, i.e., at the entry to each of these cycles, the decision makers can decide between the two possible directions. We formulate the resulting picking tour execution problem as a mixed integer program and propose an efficient iterated local search heuristic to solve it. In extensive numerical studies, we show that an average reduction of 50% of the total temporal overlap between pickers can be achieved compared to randomly executing the picking tours. Moreover, we compare our approach to a zone picking approach, in which infection risk between pickers can be almost eliminated. However, compared to our approach, the results show that the zone picking approach increases the makespan by up to 1066%.
Combined ultrasonography and CT for prognosis and predicting clinical outcomes of patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Han Xuedi , Zhang Qian , Zhou Nan , Ma Ruiqing , Wang Jiajun , Zhai Xichao , Cui Bin , Lu Yiyan , Liang Lei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to identify the diagnostic accuracy of combined ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) in evaluating the tumor burden of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). Besides, we assessed the ability of this combination to predict the likelihood of complete resection.

Methods
This retrospective study involved 504 patients diagnosed with PMP and scheduled for cytoreduction surgery. We compared tumor burden—quantified as peritoneal cancer index (PCI) by preoperative US and CT (US-CT-PCI)—with surgical findings. Next, we assessed the prognostic value of US-CT PCI and imaging features in determining the completeness of cytoreduction (CCR) score using multivariate analysis.

Results
US-CT PCI demonstrated a high PCI evaluation accuracy under moderate tumor burden. Higher US-CT PCI could predict incomplete resection. In addition, we identified imaging features such as mesenteric involvement as an independent predictor of incomplete resection (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.006; p = 0.007).

Conclusions
US-CT PCI allowed us to predict the completeness of cytoreductive surgery in patients with PMP. Moreover, the combined US and CT imaging detected several features indicating incomplete cytoreduction.

Key Points
• Ultrasonography (US) can act as a complementary diagnostic modality in peritoneal cancer index (PCI) evaluation by combining CT in the small bowel area and US in the abdominal area.
• A modified peritoneal cancer index (US-CT PCI) helps preoperatively evaluate tumor burden with high accuracy and allows to predict incomplete resection.
• US-CT PCI of 20 or above and the involvement of particular structures such as mesentery, independently indicate incomplete resection.
Time effect on cardiometabolic risk indicators in patients with bipolar disorder: a longitudinal case–control study
Authors: Najar Hemen , Joas Erik , Pålsson Erik , Landén Mikael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIndividuals with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Most studies have described increases in cardiometabolic risk indicators (CMRIs) using clinical cut-off values. Further, there are no longitudinal studies on CMRIs. We aimed to investigate continuous measures of CMRIs in individuals with bipolar disorder and controls using both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. We used data from the Swedish St. Göran Bipolar project. Study individuals were examined at baseline and after a median of 6 and 7 years for the control and patient group, respectively. Data were collected December 2005–December 2020. The cohort included 281 individuals with bipolar disorder (mean age 39 years, 59% women) and 114 controls (mean age 38 years, 55% women). Of those, 155 patients and 74 controls also provided follow-up data. At baseline, individuals with bipolar disorder had significantly higher mean values of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (β = 0.142, p = 0.001), body mass index (β = 0.150, p = 0.006), plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) (β = 0.218, p < 0.001), total/plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TChol/HDL-C) ratio (β = 0.103, p = 0.03), TAG/HDL-C ratio (β = 0.151, p = 0.006), and non-HDL-C (β = 0.168, p = 0.001) than controls. Most CMRIs remained higher in the patient group at follow-up. The difference between patients and controls increased over time for WHR (0.005 unit/year, p < 0.001), and systolic (1.1 mm Hg/year, p = 0.002) and diastolic (0.8 mm Hg/year, p < 0.001) blood pressure. Individuals with bipolar disorder displayed persistently higher levels of nearly all included CMRIs. Over time, a subset of CMRIs worsened in patients relative to controls. This suggests that active measures to counter cardiovascular risk in persons with bipolar disorder should be considered.
Efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty on lowering intraocular pressure fluctuations and nocturnal peak intraocular pressure in treated primary open-angle glaucoma patients
Authors: Pillunat Karin R. , Kocket Greta A. , Herber Robert , Jasper Carolin S. , Lenk Janine , Pillunat Lutz E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the efficacy of adjunctive selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in reducing 24-h intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations and nocturnal IOP peaks.

Methods
In this prospective interventional case series, 157 medically treated eyes of 157 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) who were assigned SLT to further reduce IOP were consecutively included. Each patient had a complete glaucoma work-up and 24-h IOP monitoring (6 measurements, including one in the supine position) taken before and on average 6 months after SLT. The main outcome measures were the reduction of 24-h IOP fluctuations and nocturnal peak IOP. Secondary outcome measures were success rates, factors influencing the reduction of high 24-h IOP fluctuations and nocturnal peak IOP, complications, and severe adverse events.

Results
Medicated mean 24-h IOP (mmHg) was statistically significantly reduced from 15.1 ± 2.6 to 13.8 ± 2.4 (P < 0.001) and IOP fluctuations from 6.5 ± 2.7 to 5.4 ± 2.6 (P < 0.001) 6 months after SLT. Ninety-four eyes (59.9%) initially had high IOP fluctuations (more than 5 mmHg). These were reduced from 8.1 ± 2.3 to 5.6 ± 2.7 at 6 months (P < 0.001). Fifty-two eyes (55.3%) had fluctuations below 5 mmHg post-SLT which was defined as success. Fifty-one patients (32.5%) had nocturnal IOP peaks. In these cases, nocturnal IOP was reduced by 19.2% from 20.1 ± 3.4 to 16.2 ± 3.3 mmHg at 6 months (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
The current study demonstrates that adjunctive SLT not only reduces mean 24-h IOP in treated POAG patients, but also has an additional benefit in reducing IOP fluctuations and nocturnal peak IOP.

Trial registration
Clinical trial registration: NCT02959242.
Is there a molecular basis for solvent drag in the renal proximal tubule?
Authors: Günzel Dorothee 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe concept of solvent drag, i.e., water and solutes sharing the same pore and their transport being frictionally coupled, was first proposed in the early 1950s. During the following decades, it was applied to transport processes across cell membranes as well as transport along the paracellular pathway. Water-driven solute transport was proposed as the major mechanism for electrolyte and nutrient absorption in the small intestine and for Cl− and HCO3− reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. With the discovery of aquaporins as transcellular route for water transport and the claudin protein family as the major determinant of paracellular transport properties, new mechanistic insights in transepithelial water and solute transport are emerging and call for a reassessment of the solvent drag concept. Current knowledge does not provide a molecular basis for relevant solvent drag-driven, paracellular nutrient, and inorganic anion (re-)absorption. For inorganic cation transport, in contrast, solvent drag along claudin-2-formed paracellular channels appears feasible.
Accurate gingival recession quantification using 3D digital dental models
Authors: Dritsas Konstantinos , Halazonetis Demetrios , Ghamri Mohammed , Sculean Anton , Katsaros Christos , Gkantidis Nikolaos 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To develop and validate a method for accurate quantitative assessment of gingival recessions based on superimposition of serial 3D digital models.

Materials and methods
Gingival recessions of mild (0.5–2 mm) and increased (3–7 mm) severity were simulated on stone casts and surface models were created. The outlines of the gingival margins of the mild (A) and severe recessions (B) were compared to the original gingival margins following 3D best fit superimposition through a gold standard technique (GS), which used intact adjacent structures, and the tested method (CC), which used single tooth crowns at the position of recessions, as superimposition reference. The primary outcome was the distance between the most apical point of each corresponding gingival margin along the respective tooth long axis.

Results
For mild recessions, the median difference of the test methods (CC_A) from the reference method (GS_A) was 0.008 mm (IQR: 0.093; range: − 0.143, 0.147). For severe recessions, the median difference of the test method (CC_B) from the reference method (GS_B) was 0.009 mm (IQR: 0.091; range: − 0.170, 0.198). The proposed method (CC) showed very high intra- and inter-operator reproducibility (median: 0.025 and 0.033 mm, respectively).

Conclusions
The suggested method offers highly accurate monitoring of gingival margin changes and diagnosis of gingival recessions using 3D digital dental models. The method is applicable irrespective of changes in tooth position or form, allowing for assessments over any time span.

Clinical relevance
The accurate detection and visualization of gingival margin changes in 3D will enhance diagnosis and patient-doctor communication.