bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource flow and fund management at district level in Odisha: Evidence for improving district health systems in developing countries
Authors: Rout Sarit Kumar , Chandrashekar Sudha , Kadam Shridhar M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlanning, budgeting and utilisation of resources at the district level are critical issues for strengthening district health systems. The objectives of this study are to examine budget making, budget execution and budget monitoring processes at the district level; analyse the trend and pattern of public health expenditure at district level. Two districts based on district development index were selected. A mixed‐method study design, both quantitative and qualitative, was used. Quantitative data on resource allocations and utilisation by the government for health were collected and analysed. Qualitative interviews were conducted with government officials to examine budget making, execution and monitoring processes. Resources are transferred through treasury and state health society (SHS) to public health institutions at the district level. Bottom‐up planning process is mainly followed for money routed through SHS constituting 36%–40% of total district spending. It takes around 21 days to transfer funds from the treasury to the SHS and the district gets a major proportion of total funds within 10–15 days. Overall, utilisation of resources is around 80%–85% under treasury and 71%–85% under National Health Mission. However, utilisation for specific programmes, non‐communicable diseases, is extremely low. Multiple bank accounts, number of rules and regulations at each layer of administration make the system complex. There is a lack of integration of different programmes at the district and below. This study suggests to get rid of input‐based budgeting gradually and introduce outcome‐based budgeting to increase efficiency.
Proton‐transfer‐induced in situ defect passivation for highly efficient wide‐bandgap inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Fang Zhimin , Jia Lingbo , Yan Nan , Jiang Xiaofen , Ren Xiaodong , Yang Shangfeng , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWide‐bandgap (≥1.68 eV) inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been recognized as promising top component cells on the commercial crystalline silicon cell to surpass its Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is dramatically limited by the huge open‐circuit voltage (VOC) loss. Herein, we propose a proton‐transfer‐induced in situ defect passivation strategy to reduce the nonradiative recombination to minimize the VOC loss. Specifically, a liquid‐form neutral amine, 3,4,5‐trifluorobenzylamine (TFBA) was added into ethyl acetate (EA) as anti‐solvent for the film preparation, which induces proton‐transfer from the formamidinium (FA) and methylammonium (MA) in the perovskite precursors to the TFBA. The protonated TFBA exhibits a gradient distribution near the surface of the perovskite film, achieving in situ defect passivation. As a result, TFBA‐based 1.68 eV‐bandgap inverted PSCs afforded a PCE of 20.39%, one of the highest for cells with this bandgap. Meanwhile, due to the strong interaction between TFBA and the perovskite film, the mixed‐halide perovskites demonstrate much better photostability. Our findings offer an effective strategy to passivate defects in PSCs.image
Loneliness and screen time usage over a year
Authors: MacDonald Kristi Baerg , Patte Karen A. , Leatherdale Scott T. , Schermer Julie Aitken 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigates the stability of loneliness in adolescents over a 1‐year period. Also, we examine how the use of screen time media (watching television, playing video games, surfing the Internet, and texting) predicts loneliness over a year and how loneliness predicts screen time media usage.MethodsThe study uses survey data from the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol, Smoking, and Sedentary behavior Study. A large (N = 20,903; 54% female) sample of Canadian students in grades 9–11 (Time 1) and grades 10–12 (Time 2) were assessed at two‐time points, 1 year apart.ResultsLoneliness scores were found to be stable over the 1‐year period, with a slight increase. Additionally, while loneliness was associated with some screen time within the same year, the effects from loneliness or screen time variables at time one predicting the other at time two were negligible. The study also provides evidence that the various screen time media did not fit a single dimension. Finally, there were sex differences in loneliness and some of the media variables.ConclusionsLoneliness appears to increase slightly over the course of a year in high school students. Results indicated that Internet use and loneliness are related; however screen time use in one year does not have a substantial impact on loneliness a year later or vice versa. Lastly, the data suggested that researchers examine screen time behaviors individually in their investigations.
Toxicity of transition metal nanoparticles: A review of different experimental models in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Hu Wanting , Wang Chenlong , Gao Dan , Liang Qionglin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of nanotechnology is becoming a major trend nowadays. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in fields including food, biomedicine, and cosmetics, endowing NPs more opportunities to enter the human body. It is well‐known that the gut microbiome plays a key role in human health, and the exposure of intestines to NPs is unavoidable. Accordingly, the toxicity of NPs has attracted more attention than before. This review mainly highlights recent advances in the evaluation of NPs' toxicity in the gastrointestinal system from the existing cell‐based experimental models, such as the original mono‐culture models, co‐culture models, three‐dimensional (3D) culture models, and the models established on microfluidic chips, to those in vivo experiments, such as mice models, Caenorhabditis elegans models, zebrafish models, human volunteers, as well as computer‐simulated toxicity models. Owing to these models, especially those more biomimetic models, the outcome of the toxicity of NPs acting in the gastrointestinal tract can get results closer to what happened inside the real human microenvironment.
Microarray illustrates enhanced mechanistic action towards osteogenesis for magnesium aluminate spinel ceramic‐based polyphasic composite scaffold with mesenchymal stem cells and bone morphogenetic protein 2
Authors: Sharma Anu , Krishnan Manu , Ganganahalli Gurudatta , Saraswathy Seema , Johnson Roy , Iyer Satish R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpinel (magnesium aluminate MgAl2O4) ceramic‐based polyphasic composite scaffold has been recently reported for craniofacial bone tissue engineering. Improving the osteogenic effects of such composite scaffolds with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP2) is an intensely researched area. This study investigated the gene interactions of this scaffold with BMP2 and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Human bone marrow MSCs were cultured in 3 groups: Group 1—Control (BMSCs), Group 2—BMSC with BMP2, and Group 3—BMSC with scaffold and BMP2. After RNA isolation, gene expression analysis was done by microarray. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (−1.0 > fold changes>1 and p value <.05) were studied for their function and gene ontologies using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). They were further studied by protein–protein interaction network analysis using STRING and MCODE Cytoscape plugin database. Group 3 showed up regulation of 3222 genes against 2158 of Group 2. Group 3 had five annotation clusters with enrichment scores from 2.08 to 3.93. Group 2 had only one cluster. Group 3 showed activation of all major osteogenic pathways: TGF, BMP2, WNT, SMAD, and Notch gene signaling with effects of calcium and magnesium released from the scaffold. Downstream effect of all these caused significant activation of RUNX2, the key transcriptional regulator of osteogenesis in Group 3. STRING and MCODE Cytoscape plugin demonstrated the interactions. The enhanced MSC differentiation for osteogenesis with the addition of BMP2 to the polyphasic composite scaffold proposed promising clinical applications for bone tissue engineering.
Anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of novel heterocyclic Schiff base derivatives containing an aryl sulfonate moiety
Authors: Kamalı Ayfer , Çakmak Reşit , Boğa Mehmet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this research, nine novel heterocyclic Schiff base derivatives (10–18) bearing an aryl sulfonate moiety were designed, synthesized for the first time, and characterized. Then, their inhibitory effects on acetyl‐ and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BChE) were investigated in vitro conditions. Moreover, their antioxidant activities were examined by DPPH and ABTS methods. The results indicated that some of the tested molecules had varying enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities. We determined that compounds 8, 9, 14, 17, and 18 indicated inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 89.30 to 111.28 μM against BChE, respectively compared to standard compound galanthamine (IC50 = 125.88 μM). On the other hand, of the molecules tested, only compound 5 (IC50 = 36.64 μM) displayed inhibitory activity higher than galanthamine against AChE. In DPPH assay, compounds 15 (IC50 = 161.93 μM), 16 (IC50 = 191.76 μM) and 17 (IC50 = 107.55 μM) showed higher antioxidant activity than BHT (IC50 = 203.50 μM). On the other hand, it was determined in ABTS assay that Schiff bases 10–17 (except for compound 18) indicated higher antioxidant activity than BHT.
PTB: Not just a polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein
Authors: Dai Shirui , Wang Chao , Zhang Cheng , Feng Lemeng , Zhang Wulong , Zhou Xuezhi , He Ye , Xia Xiaobo , Chen Baihua , Song Weitao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolypyrimidine tract‐binding protein (PTB), as a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family, functions by rapidly shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. PTB is involved in the alternative splicing of pre‐messenger RNA (mRNA) and almost all steps of mRNA metabolism. PTB regulation is organ‐specific; brain‐ or muscle‐specific microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs partially contribute to regulating PTB, thereby modulating many physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, cell development, spermatogenesis, and neuron growth and differentiation. Previous studies have shown that PTB knockout can inhibit tumorigenesis and development. The knockout of PTB in glial cells can be reprogrammed into functional neurons, which shows great promise in the field of nerve regeneration but is controversial.
Lived experiences of radiation therapists using health literacy strategies with patients—A qualitative review using interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Kelly Toni , Thompson Jennifer D , Surjan Yolanda , Rinks Marianne , Warren‐Forward Helen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAdaptive communication is an essential requirement to deliver quality patient‐centred care. Determining patients’ informational needs and acting on the needs are skills radiation therapists (RTs) employ daily with patients. Learning health literacy (HL) strategies to assist with the informational delivery provides RTs with options to improve patients’ understanding of vital radiotherapy treatment information or tasks. This research investigates the lived experiences of RTs from the Illawarra and Shoalhaven Cancer Care Centres in Australia using HL strategies during patient interactions after undertaking HL training workshops.MethodsAn interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach was used. Audio‐recorded semi‐structured interviews were conducted with six RTs. Two reviewers analysed each interview script separately before discussing and constructing substantive and sub‐themes.ResultsFour substantive themes were constructed: RT personal attitudes and responses to HL, HL strategies used by RTs, patient associated HL needs and barriers when addressing patient HL needs. RTs were either person‐ or process‐focussed during patient interactions. It was identified that information is provided to patients according to how RTs themselves like to learn new information.ConclusionThis research has allowed an opportunity to inquire into the lived experiences of RTs implementing HL strategies when providing information to patients. While RTs may be person or process‐focussed, the patient’s needs are always prioritised when providing information, which ultimately results in patient understanding and increased engagement.
The Escherichia coli DnaK chaperone stimulates the α‐complementation of β‐galactosidase
Authors: Berhanu Samuel , Ueda Takuya , Alix Jean‐Hervé 
Published: March 2022

AbstractpUC18 and pUC19 are well‐known high copy‐number plasmid vectors routinely used for DNA cloning purposes. We show here that, in Escherichia coli transformed by native pUC18, the α‐complementation of β‐galactosidase (i.e., mediated by the peptide LacZα18) is intrinsically weak and slow, but is greatly stimulated by the DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperone system. In contrast, the α‐complementation mediated by the peptide LacZα19 (in E. coli transformed by the native pUC19) is much more efficient and therefore does not require the assistance of the DnaK chaperone machinery. The marked difference between these two LacZα peptides is reproduced in a cell‐free protein expression system coupled with α‐complementation. We conclude that: (i) α‐complementation of β‐galactosidase is DnaK‐mediated depending upon the LacZα peptide donor; (ii) DnaK, sensu stricto, is not necessary for α‐complementation, but can enhance it to a great extent; (iii) this observation could be used to establish an easy and inexpensive method for screening small molecules libraries in search of DnaK inhibitors and also for deciphering the DnaK‐mediated protein quality control mechanism.
Impact of intestinal failure and parenteral support on adult patients with short‐bowel syndrome: A multinational, noninterventional, cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Jeppesen Palle B. , Shahraz Saeid , Hopkins Thomas , Worsfold Andrew , Genestin Elisabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with short‐bowel syndrome and intestinal failure (SBS‐IF) require parenteral support (PS) and experience various symptoms and comorbidities. This survey assessed the impact of SBS‐IF and PS on patients and their health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsAn online survey of adult patients who had a self‐reported clinician diagnosis of SBS‐IF and were receiving PS was conducted in France, Germany, Italy, the UK, and the USA. Patients reported symptoms, comorbidities, and treatment satisfaction; the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem (WPAI:SHP) and the Home Parenteral Nutrition‐Quality of Life (HPN‐QoL) questionnaire assessed impact on work and HRQoL, respectively.ResultsPatients (N = 181; aged 52.0 ± 15.1 years; 56.9% women) experienced fatigue (75.1%), anemia (49.7%), and difficulty spending time with family (36.5%) and friends (30.4%). A total work productivity loss of 37.5% was calculated in patients reporting employment (29.3%). Patients typically (64.0%) reported some degree of satisfaction with their PS treatment. Almost two‐thirds (59.7%) reported that their PS was either “not,” “a little,” or “moderately” convenient. The mean HPN‐QoL scores were higher for patients who were satisfied with treatment (n = 116; 17.1 ± 21.0 [median, 16.7; interquartile range, 0.0–31.7]) than for patients who were dissatisfied/neither (n = 65; 1.7 ± 19.7 [median, 0.0; interquartile range, –13.3–13.3]).ConclusionsPatients with SBS‐IF who are receiving PS experience burdensome symptoms and comorbidities and report impacts on work productivity and time spent with friends and family. This study can increase awareness of the impacts of SBS‐IF and PS and how treatment satisfaction may influence patients’ health and HRQoL.
The spatial and temporal trends of severe periodontitis burden in Asia, 1990–2019: A population‐based epidemiological study
Authors: Luo Li‐Sha , Luan Hang‐Hang , Jiang Jun‐Feng , Wu Lan , Li Cheng , Leng Wei‐Dong , Zeng Xian‐Tao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the long‐term and spatial patterns of incidence, prevalence, and disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) rates of severe periodontitis in Asia from 1990 to 2019, and to estimate the associations between disease burden and socioeconomic development using the Socio‐Demographic Index (SDI).MethodsData were obtained from the global burden of disease study 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated to reflect temporal trends, spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted to estimate the spatial characteristics, and spatial panel models were used to investigate the association between SDI and severe periodontitis burden.ResultsFor Asia as a whole, the crude rates increased by 1.10% per year for incidence, 1.42% per year for prevalence, and 1.41% per year for DALY from 1990 to 2019. The age‐standardized incidence, prevalence and DALY rates increased by 0.18%, 0.22%, and 0.23% per year, respectively. Spatially, the hot spots of age‐standardized incidence, prevalence and DALY rates were located in Southern Asia, besides, these rates all showed increasing trends in most countries, and the increases were clustered in Southeastern Asia. Further, SDI showed a negative association with incidence (coef = −14.44; 95% CI: −24.63, −4.25) and prevalence (coef = −40.09; −51.81, −28.36), and a positive association with DALY rates (coef = 0.31; 0.23; 0.38).ConclusionsSevere periodontitis poses a serious public health challenge in Asian countries with increasing temporal trends and substantial spatial inequalities. Effective geographically targeted public health interventions and strategies are needed to address the growing burden associated with severe periodontitis.
Enhancement of nutritional, sensory and storage stability by lactic fermentation of Auricularia auricula
Authors: Sun Zhengchen , Cong Yu , Li Tianyu , Meng Xianghong , Zhang Fang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAuricularia auricula is of important nutritional value, although its utilization or consumption are mainly under the original form with no further processing. Indeed, its liquid or other fermented products contribute to improved digestion and absorption of nutrients.RESULTSThe present study used Lactiplantibacillus plantarum to ferment A. auricula juice after an initial processing comprising superfine grinding and high‐pressure homogenization. The content of probiotic bacteria in the juice of A. auricula reached 8.48 log colony‐forming units mL−1 after 24 h of fermentation under 37 °C, with the addition of 3% carbon and 0.3% nitrogen source. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity was increased approximately two‐fold, as well as the enriched volatile flavors, both effectively cover up the unwelcoming earthy smell of A. auricula. Furthermore, the storage stability was also strengthened up to 28 days.CONCLUSIONIn summary, the introduced fermentation process not only realized the purpose of improving the nutritional value of A. auricula, but also effectively upgraded the sensory evaluation of A. auricula products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry
The mental health of Vietnam theater veterans—the lasting effects of the war: 2016–2017 Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Cypel Yasmin , Schnurr Paula P. , Schneiderman Aaron I. , Culpepper William J. , Akhtar Fatema Z. , Morley Sybil W. , Fried Dennis A. , Ishii Erick K. , Davey Victoria J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMental health data from the 2016–2017 Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study (VE‐HEROeS) were analyzed by cohort, represented by United States Vietnam theater veterans (VTs) who served in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos; nontheater veterans (NTs) without theater service; and age‐ and sex‐matched nonveterans (NVs) without military service. The exposure of interest was Vietnam theater service. Surveys mailed to random samples of veterans (n= 42,393) and nonveterans (n= 6,885) resulted in response rates of 45.0% for veterans (n= 6,735 VTs,Mage= 70.09,SE= 0.04;n= 12,131 NTs) and 67.0% for NVs (n= 4,530). We examined self‐report data on four mental health outcomes: probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, psychological distress, and overall mental health functioning. Weighted adjusted odds ratios (aORs) between each outcome and cohort were estimated, controlling for covariates in four models: cohort plus sociodemographic variables (Model 1), Model 1 plus physical health variables (Model 2), Model 2 plus potentially traumatic events (PTEs; Model 3), and Model 3 plus other military service variables (Model 4). Mental health outcome prevalence was highest for VTs versus other cohorts, with the largest aOR, 2.88, for PTSD, 95% CI [2.46, 3.37],p< .001 (Model 4, VT:NT). Physical health and PTEs contributed most to observed effects; other service variables contributed least to aORs overall. Mental health dysfunction persists among VTs years after the war's end. The present results reaffirm previous findings and highlight the need for continued mental health surveillance in VTs.
Cognitive impairment and microvascular function in end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Angermann Susanne , Günthner Roman , Hanssen Henner , Lorenz Georg , Braunisch Matthias C. , Steubl Dominik , Matschkal Julia , Kemmner Stephan , Hausinger Renate , Block Zenonas , Haller Bernhard , Heemann Uwe , Kotliar Konstantin , Grimmer Timo , Schmaderer Christoph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveHemodialysis patients show an approximately threefold higher prevalence of cognitive impairment compared to the age‐matched general population. Impaired microcirculatory function is one of the assumed causes. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis is a quantitative method for measuring neurovascular coupling and microvascular endothelial function. We hypothesize that cognitive impairment is associated with altered microcirculation of retinal vessels.Methods152 chronic hemodialysis patients underwent cognitive testing using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Retinal microcirculation was assessed by Dynamic Retinal Vessel Analysis, which carries out an examination recording retinal vessels' reaction to a flicker light stimulus under standardized conditions.ResultsIn unadjusted as well as in adjusted linear regression analyses a significant association between the visuospatial executive function domain score of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the maximum arteriolar dilation as response of retinal arterioles to the flicker light stimulation was obtained.ConclusionThis is the first study determining retinal microvascular function as surrogate for cerebral microvascular function and cognition in hemodialysis patients. The relationship between impairment in executive function and reduced arteriolar reaction to flicker light stimulation supports the involvement of cerebral small vessel disease as contributing factor for the development of cognitive impairment in this patient population and might be a target for noninvasive disease monitoring and therapeutic intervention.