bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospectus for thickness dependent electronic properties of two‐dimensional metals using density functional theory calculation
Authors: Sangolkar Akanksha Ashok , Agrawal Rubi , Pawar Ravinder 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe properties of elemental metals have long been known, but the effect of two dimensionality on their electronic properties remain unclear. Scrutiny of the facet and thickness dependent electronic properties of ultrathin two‐dimensional (2D) metal layers is therefore of profound interest. Herein, an attention has been devoted to investigate the electronic properties of one to four atom thick layers of 45 elemental metal along (100), (110), (001)/(111) facets using density functional theory calculations. The result unveils that except 2D buckled honeycomb (bHC) Bi all other metals retain their conducting behavior in layered form. However, the band opening was observed in 2D bHC Na and K upon using HSE06 method. It is interesting to mention that the Dirac cone was observed in the electronic band structure of bHC Rb and Cs. The calculated WF value for monolayers substantially varies when compared with their corresponding multilayer and bulk.
Which types of instruction inwriting‐to‐learnlead to insight and topic knowledge in different disciplines? A review of empirical studies
Authors: van Dijk Aartje , van Gelderen Amos , Kuiken Folkert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis review examines which types of instruction in writing‐to‐learn lead to effects on insight and topic knowledge in different disciplines, in grades 5–12 and in higher education. Forty‐three empirical studies have been selected to answer this question. Four types of instruction are distinguished. Three of them are based on hypotheses proposed by Klein (1999) about the cognitive processes involved in writing‐to‐learn: Forward Search, Genre Writing and Backward Search. The fourth type, Planning Only, arises from the literature reviewed. Results of the studies show that about two thirds of the (quasi) experimental studies lead to positive effects on insight and topic knowledge for the four types of instruction. However, given the small number of experimental studies conducted, no firm conclusions can be drawn for three types of instruction. For the remaining type of instruction, Genre Writing, a larger number of studies provide positive evidence. Suggestions for future research are discussed.Context and implicationsRationale for this studyIt is known that instruction is needed for promoting learning by writing. The question is which specific types of instruction can be used for inciting the writing‐to‐learn process.Why the new findings matterThe finding that the four types of instruction, especially Genre Writing, may promote learning, can serve as a reference for judging or formulating instruction.Implications for educational researchers and policy makersThe outcome may be interesting for education, because it entails that one from four types of instruction, that is, Genre Writing, shows the largest positive effects. Subject teachers often are hesitant to use writing‐to‐learn in their teaching practice, therefore the findings may provide clearness about how to instruct it. They can use Genre Writing instruction for composing writing tasks and select the preferred content of this instruction. The authors indicate mechanisms underlying the process of writing‐to‐learn that may be stimulated by instruction. For researchers it can be interesting to study these mechanisms, for instance in think‐aloud studies.
Mozambique’s Voluntary Local Review: SDG Localization, Decentralization, and the Role of Local Governments and Associations
Authors: Laíce Pedro , Croese Sylvia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe National Association of Mozambican Municipalities (ANAMM) has been undertaking a series of activities since 2016 that aim to raise awareness of Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) among its members. These activities have contributed to increased ownership of the SDGs at the municipal level, the start of the incorporation of the SDGs in local planning processes, and the completion of the country’s first Voluntary Local Review (VLR) in 2020, with contributions from 16 out of the country’s 53 municipalities. This chapter draws on the experience of ANAMM to highlight the opportunities and challenges for SDG localization in urban Africa. The case of Mozambique shows that while the SDGs are high on the central government’s agenda, municipalities lack the resources and capacity to fully contribute to meeting the SDGs as a result of uneven levels of decentralization. Nevertheless, the VLR revealed high levels of local awareness and diverse examples of initiatives and good practices that can be built on in order to strengthen and support SDG implementation at the local level.
SDG Localization in African Cities: The Crucible of the 2030 Agenda
Authors: Parnell Susan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAfrican cities are the crucible of SDG implementation, as they have the most to gain from advancing sustainability aspirations. Unsurprisingly therefore, some of the most interesting examples of SDG localization and implementation are now emerging from cities and towns from Cairo to Cape Town. This conclusion reflects on the contributions in this book and distills their learnings about sustainable practice and thought when viewed from the urban African frontier. The collection offers a range of local African experiences to nuance the way forward on the road to global sustainable development based on local ownership and adaptation of the 2030 Agenda to local priorities. As such, one of the most positive things the SDG process has made legible is the extent to which Africa matters in the overall urban conversation. If cities matter to sustainability, African cities matter more than most to our collective chances of realizing the SDGs globally.
Global Norms, African Contexts: A Framework for Localizing SDGs in Cities
Authors: Buyana Kareem , Walubwa J. Jacqueline A. , Mukwaya Paul , Sseviiri Hakim , Byarugaba Disan , Nakyagaba Gloria Nsangi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set out a normative agenda that offers opportunity for cities to steer profound change globally. But if cities are to play an effective role in localizing the 2030 Agenda, there is a need for systematic engagement with the conundrums presented by the normative dimensions of the SDGs. We argue that African cities offer unique contextual insights into the linkages and overlaps among SDG norms, due to their immensely diverse nature and historically distinct drivers of urbanization. Set against African urban realities, the chapter presents an analytical framework that construes the linkages between global normative statements and local SDG meanings as mainstream and counter-mainstream interpretations. The framework was built by exploring alternative ways of localizing SDGs, through a transdisciplinary waste-to-energy research project in Kampala, Uganda. Based on the locally experienced tensions within the SDGs, we argue for a flexible approach to localization.
Data and the Localization of Sustainable Development Goals in Africa: The Case of SDG 11 in Lagos and Accra
Authors: Elias Peter , de Albuquerque João Porto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the critical role of data for the localization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Africa, with a specific focus on SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) in Lagos and Accra. The chapter argues that while the importance of digital technologies and data for the implementation of the SDGs has been acknowledged, data inequality remains a fundamental challenge. This inequality reflects existing global socio-spatial inequalities. If not carefully considered, these can be perpetuated even further. The chapter builds on results of the ongoing research project, SCiLeD: Standardizing City-Level Data-Gathering for Achieving SDG 11 in Africa, to examine the concrete processes, challenges, and opportunities available for African cities to implement data innovations aimed at localizing SDG 11. It draws on lessons learned and provides future directions based on how the SCiLeD project applied a transdisciplinary research approach for co-designing and co-producing knowledge. This approach allowed for the generation of data that is disaggregated to the neighborhood level, involving community mappers and profilers to reflect and respond to local needs and realities, thereby illustrating its transformative influence and potential toward achieving SDG 11 in African cities by 2030.
Improved indirect limits on charm and bottom quark EDMs
Authors: Ema Yohei , Gao Ting , Pospelov Maxim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We derive indirect limits on the charm and bottom quark electric dipole moments (EDMs) from paramagnetic AMO and neutron EDM experiments. The charm and bottom quark EDMs generate CP-odd photon-gluon operators and light quark EDMs at the c- and b-quark mass thresholds. These CP-odd operators induce the CP-odd semi-leptonic operator CS and the neutron EDM below the QCD scale that are probed by the paramagnetic and neutron EDM experiments, respectively. The bound from CS is |dc| < 1.3 × 10−20e cm for the charm quark and |db| < 7.6 × 10−19e cm for the bottom quark, with its uncertainty estimated as 10 %. The neutron EDM provides a stronger bound, |dc| < 6 × 10−22e cm and |db| < 2 × 10−20e cm, though with a larger hadronic uncertainty.
A cost-effective device and methodology to compute aquifer transmissivity and piezometry from free-flowing artesian wells
Authors: Toulier Alix , Lachassagne Patrick , Hendrayana Heru , Fadillah Arif , Jourde Hervé 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArtesian aquifers offer interesting opportunities for water supply by providing a low-vulnerability groundwater resource that is easily abstracted without any installation of pumps or power supply costs. However, hydraulic tests are challenging to perform, notably where the piezometric head is above ground level with free-flowing wells not equipped with valves and open for years. This paper describes a low-cost, easy to reproduce and adaptable device, the free-flowing artesian well device (FFAWD), which is mainly designed with a set of PVC tubes equipped with a pressure probe and a valve. This device is used to perform hydraulic tests on free-flowing artesian wells, to measure the piezometric head of the aquifer and to compute its transmissivity. The practical use of the FFAWD is described and a method is proposed to compute the piezometric head and the transmissivity of the aquifer from this data set (free-flowing well discharge and pressure increase measurements) with any adapted analytical solution, using the Houpeurt-Pouchan method. Artefacts such as post-production effects, surge effects, and the impact of a leaky well are identified to avoid any misinterpretation. The FFAWD was applied to the volcano-sedimentary artesian plain of Pasuruan (Indonesia). The advantages and limitations of using the device, along with the interpretation methodology, are also discussed.
Undergraduate paramedic students and interpersonal communication development: a scoping review
Authors: Mangan Jennifer , Rae John , Anderson Judith , Jones Donovan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe objective of this review is to examine the current literature related to interpersonal communication skill development within undergraduate paramedicine. Interpersonal communication is a vital paramedic skill, with evidence demonstrating it leads to improved patient outcomes and satisfaction and reduces medical errors. Interpersonal communication is a core capability set by paramedicine regulatory bodies, and it is the responsibility of accredited universities to ensure graduates are ready for industry and possess all required skills and attributes. In order to be included in this scoping review, all articles were required to meet a pre-determined ‘population, concept, context’ (PCC) framework. The population was undergraduate paramedic students within the context of their undergraduate paramedicine programs, and the concept was interpersonal communication education/teaching/training. In June 2021, a search was conducted using CINAHL, Medline, Emcare and ERIC. The articles had to be written in English and published between 2011 and 2021 and non-research sources were excluded. 176 articles were identified in this search and after screening for duplicates and relevancy, 15 articles were found to be eligible. The literature highlighted 4 key themes, including graduate perception of ‘work readiness’, and a variety of learning experiences including alternative work integrated learning (WIL), interactions with specific patient groups and professional learning experiences. The literature demonstrated that interpersonal communication skills are fostered through human interactions, WIL and simulation, within undergraduate paramedicine programs. Findings from the literature review indicate that practising communication through human interactions, afford an increase in confidence, awareness of ability and empathy, and an increased awareness of preconceived biases. Intraprofessional and interprofessional simulation teaching methods demonstrate the potential to build students confidence in communication and awareness of what is required to function well in a team.
Differences in hydrological impacts using regional climate model and nested convection-permitting model data
Authors: Kay Alison 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAssessing the potential impacts of climate change on river flows is critically important for adaptation. Data from global or nested regional climate models (GCMs/RCMs) are frequently used to drive hydrological models, but now there are also very high-resolution convection-permitting models (CPMs). Here, data from the first CPM climate ensemble for the UK, along with the RCM ensemble within which the CPM is nested, are used to drive a grid-based hydrological model. The performance for simulating baseline (1981–2000) river flows is compared between the RCM and the CPM, and the projections of future changes in seasonal mean flows and peak flows are compared across Britain (1981–2000 to 2061–2080). The baseline performance assessment shows that (before bias correction) the CPM generally performs better than the RCM, and bias correction of precipitation makes both the RCM and CPM perform more similarly to use of observation-based driving data. The analysis of future changes in flows shows that the CPM almost always gives higher flow changes than the RCM. If reliable, these differences in flow projections suggest that adaptation planning for high flows based on use of regional data may be insufficient, although planning for low flows may be slightly over-cautious. However, the availability of CPM data only for one RCM/GCM is a limitation for use in adaptation as it under-samples the uncertainty range. There are significant challenges to the wider application of CPM ensembles, including the high computational and data storage demands.
Supermeasured: Violating Bell-Statistical Independence Without Violating Physical Statistical Independence
Authors: Hance Jonte R. , Hossenfelder Sabine , Palmer Tim N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBell’s theorem is often said to imply that quantum mechanics violates local causality, and that local causality cannot be restored with a hidden-variables theory. This however is only correct if the hidden-variables theory fulfils an assumption called Statistical Independence. Violations of Statistical Independence are commonly interpreted as correlations between the measurement settings and the hidden variables (which determine the measurement outcomes). Such correlations have been discarded as “fine-tuning” or a “conspiracy”. We here point out that the common interpretation is at best physically ambiguous and at worst incorrect. The problem with the common interpretation is that Statistical Independence might be violated because of a non-trivial measure in state space, a possibility we propose to call “supermeasured”. We use Invariant Set Theory as an example of a supermeasured theory that violates the Statistical Independence assumption in Bell’s theorem without requiring correlations between hidden variables and measurement settings (physical statistical independence).
The Prevalence of Problem Gambling and Gambling Disorder Among Homeless People: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Deutscher Karl , Gutwinski Stefan , Bermpohl Felix , Bowden-Jones Henrietta , Fazel Seena , Schreiter Stefanie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGambling problems are often associated with homelessness and linked to elevated psychiatric morbidity and homelessness chronicity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence rates of problem gambling (PG) and gambling disorder (GD) in homeless people. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched databases Medline, Embase and PsycINFO from inception of databases to 4th may 2021. We included studies reporting prevalence estimates on clinical gambling problems in representative samples of homeless people based on standardized diagnostics. Risk of bias was assessed. A random effects meta-analysis was performed, and subgroup analyses based on methodological characteristics of primary studies were conducted. We identified eight studies from five countries, reporting information on 1938 participants. Prevalence rates of clinically significant PG and GD ranged from 11.3 to 31.3%. There was evidence for substantial heterogeneity with I2 = 86% (95% CI 63–97%). A subgroup of four low risk of bias studies displayed a significantly lower results ranging from 11.3 to 23.6%. Additionally, high rates of subclinical problem gambling were reported (11.6–56.4%). At least one in ten homeless persons experiences clinically significant PG or GD. Social support and health care services for the homeless should address this problem by implementing models for early detection and treatment.
Traits influence reptile responses to fire in a fragmented agricultural landscape
Authors: Lazzari J. , Sato C. F. , Driscoll D. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractContextHabitat loss and fragmentation can interact with other threats, including altered fire regimes, and responses to these effects can be mediated by functional traits.ObjectivesTo determine how richness and abundance of reptile trait groups respond to habitat fragmentation, patch isolation and fire.MethodsWe surveyed reptiles in 30 sites over 3 years. Sites in remnant patches in farmland were adjacent to a conservation park with either recently burnt or long-unburnt habitat. The remnant patches were stratified by distance from the reserve. Sites were spatially paired, and we experimentally burnt one of each pair in farmland. Trait groups included size, reproduction, habitat position, diet, and activity period.ResultsNone of the trait groups benefited from experimental burns, while the burns reduced abundance of viviparous, small, and above-ground species. Species richness was lower in isolated sites than in sites close to the conservation park, while generalist trait groups appeared unaffected by patch isolation. Large-sized reptiles had higher abundance in remnants. There was not more rapid colonisation of burnt sites near recently burnt conservation park. Instead, low initial abundance may have been caused by fire in combination with drought, with high rainfall during the study allowing recovery and spill-over into adjacent remnants.ConclusionsLandscape structure appears to interact with natural fires, restoration burns and longer-term climatic trends to influence the abundance and distribution of reptiles. Traits mediate responses, enabling us to formulate a set of testable mechanistic hypotheses, which illustrates a pathway to generalisation and prediction.
Self-supported porous heterostructure WC/WO3−x ceramic electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic and alkaline media
Authors: Wang Feihong , Dong Binbin , Wang Junwei , Ke Nianwang , Tan Chuntian , Huang Anding , Wu Yutong , Hao Luyuan , Yin Liangjun , Xu Xin , Xian Yuxi , Agathopoulos Simeon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTungsten carbide (WC)-based materials are widely considered as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process catalysts due to their “Pt-like” electronic structure. Nonetheless, traditional powder electrodes have a high cost, and display problems related to the process itself and the poor stability over operation time. This paper presented a self-supported asymmetric porous ceramic electrode with WO3−x whiskers formed in situ on the walls of the finger-like holes and membrane surface, which was prepared by combining phase inversion tape-casting, pressureless sintering, and thermal treatment in a CO2 atmosphere. The optimized ceramic electrode displayed good catalytic HER activity and outstanding stability at high current densities. More specifically, it demonstrated the lowest overpotentials of 107 and 123 mV and the lowest Tafel slopes of 59.3 and 72.4 mV·dec−1 at 10 mA·cm−2 in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. This superior performance was ascribed to the structure of the ceramic membrane and the charge transfer efficiency, which was favored by the in situ developed WC/WO3−x heterostructure and the oxygen vacancies.
Carbon-based strategy enables sustainable remediation of paddy soils in harmony with carbon neutrality
Authors: Liu Kai , Ran Qiwang , Li Fangbai , Shaheen Sabry M. , Wang Hailong , Rinklebe Jörg , Liu Chuanping , Fang Liping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarbon-based materials have been widely used in agricultural land contamination remediation. However, the sustainability and carbon footprint of its remediation actions and application methods for heavy metals contaminated agricultural land are still unclear. Herein, two representative carbon-based remediation materials biochar and peat are selected to systematically evaluate the sustainability and net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) of remediation action during the life cycle based on paddy field trials. Life cycle assessment results show that the application of biochar for the remediation of cadmium contaminated paddy fields is more harmful to human health and ecosystems than that of peat remediation action. Meanwhile, one-time addition of the remediation materials has less negative impact on the environment (human health, ecosystems, and resources) compared with multiple times addition. Carbon-based materials enable sustainable remediation of paddy soils and the overall sustainability score (97.4) of peat was higher than that of biochar (88.4) remediation action. In contrast, carbon footprint results show that the NECB of biochar exhibited a higher positive value of 33.73 t CO2-eq/ha (dosage: 15 t/ha) compared with peat, and the prediction results show that 90% of carbon in biochar remained in soil and peat only remained 82% after 40 years, which indicating that biochar contributed more finely to carbon sequestration than peat during the remediation action. Thus, this study provides new insights into the different carbon-based materials for the sustainability of paddy soils remediation and in harmony with carbon neutral plan.
Graphical abstract