bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which traits optimize plant benefits? Meta‐analysis on the effect of partner traits on the outcome of an ant–plant protective mutualism
Authors: Leal Laura C. , Nogueira Anselmo , Peixoto Paulo E. C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Theoretical models on mutualism dynamics predict that partner traits may influence the outcome of mutualistic interactions. However, most empirical data on this issue is restricted to case studies, limiting our ability to reach a more widespread comprehension of the role of partner traits on the dynamic of mutualisms.

We investigated how the outcome of protective mutualisms between ants and plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) is influenced by the traits of EFNs and ants feeding on EFNs. We used a meta‐analytical approach based on 35 studies investigating the effect of ant attendance on the herbivores and reproductive performance of EFN‐bearing plants. We evaluated how variation in the EFN vascularization and location on plants and the ant aggressiveness can modulate the effect of ant attendance on the plants.

Both plant and ant traits investigated here drove the outcome of the protective mutualism for EFN‐bearing plants. Plants exclusively bearing EFNs near reproductive organs benefited more from ant attendance than plants bearing EFNs on vegetative or vegetative and reproductive organs. Ants had a higher positive impact on the reproductive performance of plants bearing non‐vascularized EFNs than plants bearing vascularized EFNs, although their effects on herbivores had been similar in both plant types. Regarding the ant behaviour, plants often attended by more aggressive ant species had a higher reproductive performance than plants often attended by less aggressive ones.

Synthesis. Our results highlight that the selective pressures and evolutionary routes in ant‐plant protective mutualisms may depend on the pool of traits exhibited by partner species. Although some studies have already reported some impact of species traits on the outcome of ant‐plant mutualisms, this is the first time that a generalization about the role of species traits on the net balance of ant attendance was proposed. Due to this generalization, it was possible to advance our knowledge about the evolution of facultative mutualisms by showing that the role of species traits on the mutualistic outcome can vary in intricate ways due to a particular trait combination found among partners in communities where the interactions are embedded in.
Detailed analysis of failure patterns using deformable image registration in hypopharyngeal cancer patients treated with sequential boost intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Otsuka Manami , Yasuda Koichi , Uchinami Yusuke , Tsushima Nayuta , Suzuki Takayoshi , Kano Satoshi , Suzuki Ryusuke , Miyamoto Naoki , Minatogawa Hideki , Dekura Yasuhiro , Mori Takashi , Nishioka Kentaro , Taguchi Jun , Shimizu Yasushi , Katoh Norio , Homma Akihiro , Aoyama Hidefumi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionSequential boost intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (SQB‐IMRT) uses two different planning CTs (pCTs) and treatment plans. SQB‐IMRT is a form of adaptive radiotherapy that allows for responses to changes in the shape of the tumour and organs at risk (OAR). On the other hand, dose accumulation with the two plans can be difficult to evaluate. The purpose of this study was to analyse patterns of loco‐regional failure using deformable image registration (DIR) in hypopharyngeal cancer patients treated with SQB‐IMRT.MethodsBetween 2013 and 2019, 102 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer were treated with definitive SQB‐IMRT at our institution. Dose accumulation with the 1st and 2nd plans was performed, and the dose to the loco‐regional recurrent tumour volume was calculated using the DIR workflow. Failure was classified as follows: (i) in‐field (≥95% of the recurrent tumour volume received 95% of the prescribed dose); (ii) marginal (20–95%); or (iii) out‐of‐field (<20%).ResultsAfter a median follow‐up period of 25 months, loco‐regional failure occurred in 34 patients. Dose–volume histogram analysis showed that all loco‐regional failures occurred in the field within 95% of the prescribed dose, with no marginal or out‐of‐field recurrences observed.ConclusionThe dosimetric analysis using DIR showed that all loco‐regional failures were within the high‐dose region. More aggressive treatment may be required for gross tumours.
paleobuddy: An R package for flexible simulations of diversification and fossil sampling
Authors: do Rosario Petrucci Bruno , Januario Matheus , Quental Tiago 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Simulations are powerful tools for investigating evolutionary questions. Statistical methods for the analysis of diversification and fossil sampling rates require extensive testing through simulation. Simulations also aid in the investigation of evolutionary dynamics that lack analytical solutions, besides model adequacy tests. Flexible simulation of fossil records and phylogenies is a necessary tool to fully investigate diversity through time.

paleobuddy is an R package that aims to fill several gaps between current simulators by providing a more general framework, with flexible, robust and independent simulations of birth–death processes, fossil records and phylogenetic trees, while allowing for straightforward implementation of novel scenarios.

Here we describe the main algorithms involved in paleobuddy simulations, give a summary of the capabilities of the package in terms of evolutionary scenarios and visualization and illustrate a paleobuddy workflow.

paleobuddy expands the available parameter space to investigate complex inference models. Given that it allows for simulations of phylogenies (complete, reconstructed or ultrametric) and fossil records from the same underlying birth–death simulations, it can increase our understanding about the differences in palaeontological and neontological approaches, and consequently expand our capacity of analysing a combination of evidence from extinct and extant species. Finally, the focus on birth–death simulations with budding speciation events allows for more generality in the diversification processes considered, expanding the flexibility and capabilities of simulation in the field.
4‐phenylbutyric acid—Identity crisis; can it act as a translation inhibitor?
Authors: Stein Daniel , Slobodnik Zeev , Tam Benjamin , Einav Monica , Akabayov Barak , Berstein Shimon , Toiber Debra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLoss of proteostasis can occur due to mutations, the formation of aggregates, or general deficiency in the correct translation and folding of proteins. These phenomena are commonly observed in pathologies, but most significantly, loss of proteostasis characterizes aging. This loss leads to the chronic activation of stress responses and has a generally deleterious impact on the organism. While finding molecules that can alleviate these symptoms is an important step toward solutions for these conditions, some molecules might be mischaracterized on the way. 4‐phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) is known for its role as a chemical chaperone that helps alleviate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, yet a scan of the literature reveals that no biochemical or molecular experiments have shown any protein refolding capacity. Here, we show that 4PBA is a conserved weak inhibitor of mRNA translation, both in vitro and in cellular systems, and furthermore—it does not promote protein folding nor prevents aggregation. 4PBA possibly alleviates proteostatic or ER stress by inhibiting protein synthesis, allowing the cells to cope with misfolded proteins by reducing the protein load. Better understanding of 4PBA biochemical mechanisms will improve its usage in basic science and as a drug in different pathologies, also opening new venues for the treatment of different diseases.
An international collaborative approach to learning histology using a virtual microscope
Authors: Then Sue‐Mian , Kokolski Marie , Mbaki Yvonne , Merrick Deborah , Anderson Susan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHistology is often taught in higher education settings using online virtual microscopes (VM). This study aimed to develop and evaluate the use of VM in teaching on a BSc degree at the University of Nottingham by surveying students and staff. A key development was the use of an e‐workbook so that students were actively engaged in creating their own bespoke revision material. Subsequently, this approach was used in a second study evaluating the use of VM in teaching the histology and pathology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract via group work with students from two BSc courses at the University of Nottingham; one based at Derby (RDHC) and the other in Malaysia (UNMC). Students worked together in groups to complete an e‐workbook, develop a presentation, and decide how to collaborate and communicate. An evaluation of these activities revealed advantages in developing transferrable skills, and good engagement with both the histology topic and group work. Analysis of assessment of the module at UNMC showed that student performance improved in the histology‐based module after the intervention (p < 0.01) and that this improvement was not evident in other modules taken by the cohort. Furthermore, when interrogating the questions from the examination paper that asked students to identify features from histological images, fewer questions were seen as ‘difficult’ (p < 0.001) and more were seen as ‘average’ (p < 0.01). This study demonstrates that the use of VM in histology combined with active learning in creating a revision resource enhances engagement and depth of learning. When further combined with collaborative active group work, students developed a range of histology knowledge and transferrable skills, with notable improvement in examination performance relative to other contemporaneous modules.
Investigations on the light and scanning electron microscopic structure of the lingual papillae in the angora goat (Capra hircus): II. Mechanical papillae
Authors: Toprak Burhan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) structures of mechanical papillae on the tongue in the Angora goat (Capra hircus). As study materials, the tongues of four adult female Angora goats were used. The samples were collected from the dorsal surfaces of the apex, body, root and torus of the tongue and the ventral surfaces of the lingual apex for light and scanning electron microscopic examinations. Three types of mechanical papillae were seen in Angora goat tongue: papilla filiformes, papilla lentiformes and papilla conicae.The filiform papillae were detected in the dorsal surface of the tongue from lingual apex to lingual torus, and in the ventro‐lateral of the lingual apex and on both sides of the lingual torus. The morphological differences were observed in filiform papillae according to their location in the tongue. The lenticular papillae settled on the centre of the lingual torus. Two types of these papillae, irregular‐round and pyramid‐shaped were identified. The conical papillae were scattered all over the lingual torus, except for the central part and were also seen on the root of the tongue. In the light microscopic examination, it was found that mechanical papillae had a stratified squamous epithelium and a varying degree of keratin layer on epithelial surfaces. In this study, by examining the light and scanning electron microscopic structure of the mechanical papillae in the Angora goat tongue, their similarities and differences with other domestic and wild ruminant species were determined.
Understanding the planning and preparation for diabetes self‐management of grey nomads when travelling in rural and remote Australia: An exploratory survey
Authors: De Bellis Anita , McCloud Christine , Abigail Wendy , Hill Pauline , Giles Jane , Apolloni Marc , Gregoric Carolyn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveMany older Australians with chronic health conditions, including diabetes, are taking to the road in a recreational vehicle following retirement and are colloquially known as grey nomads. This exploratory online survey aimed to ascertain the issues on the road for grey nomads with diabetes and their experiences of self‐management of their diabetes whilst in rural and remote regions of Australia.MethodsFollowing ethical approval and piloting, an online survey was distributed through social media sites used by grey nomads and those with diabetes. From the closed and open‐ended responses from travelers with diabetes in rural and remote areas, the demographics of this cohort were explored, as well as their self‐management of diabetes.ResultsA total of 103 grey nomads with diabetes responded and 81 completed all survey questions. There was wide variation in the respondents' answers in regard to their self‐management including their preparation for travel; their knowledge of diabetes and accessing health‐care services; their management of illness; and their experiences whilst travelling including the effects of COVID‐19. It was identified that there was a need for an increase in preparation prior to travel, and several important checks were identified for this planning specific to rural and remote areas of Australia, including the expectations of health services in these regions.ConclusionsA pretravel checklist for travellers with diabetes is recommended to contribute to better self‐management of grey nomads with diabetes on the road in order to alleviate the issues identified.
Results of micrometallographic analysis of metalworking tools in graves of metallurgists in Moravia/Czech Republic
Authors: Peška Jaroslav , Štelcl Jindřich 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe number of finds relating to metalworking, without evidence of mining and processing facilities, is very limited. In Final Eneolith graves of specialized metallurgists that have occurred, they contain a metal‐founding or metalsmithing toolkit, whose origins were from eastern Europe (the Maykop, Yamnaya Culture). Such metallurgical tools may have reached central Europe as part of the so‐called Yamnaya Package before the onset of the Bee Beaker Culture (BBC); and unlike the Pontic region, these two types of metallurgy separated here. There are found an accumulation of metallurgists' graves in Moravia, where the complete metalworking toolkit is deposited in a predefined place in richly furnished male graves with a distinctive funerary architecture that exhibit a clear relationship to the grave goods.EDX‐analysis detected a high content of metals (Cu, Ag, Au, Au–Ag alloy) on all working surfaces of stone tools, grinders, and boar tusks used for the final treatment of their metal products. This makes us believe that the used artefacts were laid as symbolical objects in the graves of these craftsmen who perfectly knew these advanced technologies. Due to their knowledge, their social significance gradually rose and finally reached the level of social elites, who were usually buried in a spectacular manner, including the quantity of grave goods (Überausstattung) and the pars pro toto deposition in one part of the finds.
Role of calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease and its therapeutic implications
Authors: Joshi Maithili , Joshi Siddhi , Khambete Mihir , Degani Mariam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe increasing incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) coupled with the lack of therapeutics to address the underlying pathology of the disease has necessitated the need for exploring newer targets. Calcium dysregulation represents a relatively newer target associated with AD. Ca+2 serves as an important cellular messenger in neurons. The concentration of the Ca+2 ion needs to be regulated at optimal concentrations intracellularly for normal functioning of the neurons. This is achieved with the help of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and neuronal plasma membrane channel proteins. Disruption in normal calcium homeostasis can induce formation of amyloid beta plaques, accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, and dysfunction of synaptic plasticity, which in turn can affect calcium homeostasis further, thus forming a vicious cycle. Hence, understanding calcium dysregulation can prove to be a key to develop newer therapeutics. This review provides detailed account of physiology of calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation associated with AD. Further, with an understanding of various receptors and organelles involved in these pathways, the review also discusses various calcium channel blockers explored in AD hand in hand with some multitarget molecules addressing calcium as one of the targets.
Serum GDF9 and BMP15 as potential markers of ovarian function in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Riepsamen Angelique H. , Donoghoe Mark W. , Indran Inthrani R. , Hechtman Leah , Robertson David M. , Gilchrist Robert B. , Ledger William L. , Yong Eu‐Leong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveGrowth differentiation factor‐9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein‐15 (BMP15) are critical paracrine regulators of female fertility and are predominantly expressed by oocytes. However, it is unknown if serum concentrations reflect changes in ovarian function and/or reproductive endocrine disorders. This study aimed to determine if serum GDF9/BMP15 are associated with ovarian, pituitary, oestrogenic, androgenic and metabolic characteristics and the ovarian pathologies, polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).DesignWomen aged 21−45 years (n = 381) were included from a cross‐sectional study at the National University Hospital, Singapore. Patients: Participants were volunteers and patients with possible PCOS. Measurements: Anthropometric measurements, transvaginal ultrasound scans and serum sampling were performed and a questionnairecompleted. Serum GDF9 and BMP15 concentrations were matched with menstrual cycle length, ovarian protein and steroid hormone production, pituitary hormone production and metabolic assessments in women with PCOM or PCOS and those with neither (control).ResultsSerum GDF9 and BMP15 were detectable in 40% and 41% of women, respectively and were positively correlated with each other (r = 0.08, p = 0.003). GDF9, but not BMP15, was positively correlated with ovarian volume (p = 0.02) and antral follicle count (AFC) (p = 0.004), but not with anti‐Müllerian hormone (p = 0.05). However, serum GDF9 and BMP15 concentrations were not significantly different between control, PCOM and PCOS women, nor associated with androgenic or metabolic PCOS features. However, the relationship between GDF9 and AFC differed between control, PCOM and PCOS women (p = 0.02).ConclusionsSerum GDF9 and BMP15 concentrations somewhat reflect ovarian but not androgenic or metabolic characteristics of PCOS, with increased GDF9 reflecting high AFC as seen in PCOM/PCOS.
A configurational perspective of boards' attention structures
Authors: Schiehll Eduardo , Lewellyn Krista , Yan Wenxi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueWhat combinations of board attributes and contextual factors explain boards' selective distribution of attention between their dual role of resource provisioning and monitoring? At the board level, we consider board structure and breadth of knowledge, while the context in which boards operate is captured by the degree of external scrutiny, operational complexity, performance, and ownership structure.Research Findings/InsightsOur study demonstrates that there are multiple ways board attributes bundle and combine with important elements of the context to promote similar board attention structures. Our findings provide evidence of the causal complexity underlying this phenomenon and corroborate the notions of equifinality and asymmetric causality among board‐, firm‐, and institution‐level conditions conducive to boards allocating more attention to either their resource provisioning or monitoring roles.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur findings support the attention‐based view (ABV), suggesting that boards' selective distribution of attention is regulated by the combination of skills and knowledge directors bring to the firm and the stimuli provided by contextual factors. In doing so, we underscore the need for an extended theory on board effectiveness, as resource dependence‐ and agency‐based prescriptions about boards' behavior may be incomplete, since there is limited consideration by these theories of the bounded rationality of directors and the complex relationships between the factors that can frame boards' selective distribution of attention.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur study informs efforts to disentangle the conditions under which different attributes combine and regulate boards' distribution of attention, which has implications for nomination committees and powerful actors who have influence on board appointments. Because our results reveal several causal paths that can promote similar board attention structures, decision makers may wish to recruit directors with specific attributes that will be the best fit for the firm's contextual conditions.
Prime editing in chicken fibroblasts and primordial germ cells
Authors: Atsuta Yuji , Suzuki Katsuya , Iikawa Hiroko , Yaguchi Haruna , Saito Daisuke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9‐based genome editing technologies are revolutionizing developmental biology. One of the advanced CRISPR‐based techniques is prime editing (PE), which enables precise gene modification in multiple model organisms. However, there has been no report of taking advantage of the PE system for gene editing in primordial germ cells (PGCs) thus far. In the current study, we describe a method to apply PE to the genome of chicken fibroblasts and PGCs. By combining PE with a transposon‐mediated genomic integration, drug selection, and the single‐cell culture method, we successfully generated prime‐edited chicken fibroblasts and PGCs. The chicken PGC is widely used as an experimental model to study germ cell formation and as a vector for gene transfer to produce transgenic chickens. Such experimental models are useful in the developmental biology field and as potential bioreactors to produce pharmaceutical and nutritious proteins. Thus, the method presented here will provide not only a powerful tool to investigate gene function in germ cell development but also a basis for generating prime‐edited transgenic birds.
Aid for Trade is more effective when the trading environment is more predictable
Authors: Gnangnon Sèna Kimm 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAid for Trade (AfT) has been provided as part of the official development aid package to help developing countries better integrate into the global trading system. This article investigates whether AfT flows promote investment‐oriented remittances (IOR) inflows in a more predictable domestic trading environment. AfT interventions drive IOR inflows in countries that implement trade measures of good quality (i.e. those which lower both trade costs and trade costs volatility). These findings underline the role of AfT flows in promoting the development of the private sector in developing countries where the trading environment can be made increasingly predictable.