bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Electrification of Urban Freight Vehicles: A Case Study of Three Indian Cities - Ahmedabad, Delhi, and Surat
Authors: Swamy H. M. Shivanand , Sinha S. , Modi K. , Jose D. , Sanghvi D. , Chippa N. , Khurana Y. 
Published: March 2022

India’s high levels of transport-related air pollution endanger public health. The transition to electric mobility will address this challenge while also reducing the country’s dependence on oil imports. The Government of India has offered incentives to electric vehicle manufacturers and purchasers that promote faster adoption of electric vehicles. The states have framed electric vehicle policies offering additional fiscal and non-fiscal incentives supporting this objective, but the adoption rate of electric vehicles in India is far below expectations. This paper aims to understand the factors that influence the electrification of urban freight vehicles. It does so with reference to urban freight movements linked to textile markets in Ahmedabad and Surat, and the fruit and vegetable market in Delhi. By studying these, it attempts to assess the impact of key policy and market conditions on the adoption of electric vehicles. Based on stakeholder perceptions, it further tries to identify the enablers and barriers to the electrification of urban freight vehicles.
Hydroxychloroquine with or without Macrolide and Standard of Care versus Standard of Care Alone for COVID-19 Cases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Budhathoki Pravash , Sharma Arun , Amgain Kapil , Rawal Era , Khadka Sitaram 
Published: March 2022

Background: The specific treatment has not yet been approved for the therapy of COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we aimed at assessing the role of hydroxychloroquine with/without macrolide in terms of efficacy and adverse effects against the standard of care (SOC).
Methods: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for the quantitative and qualitative synthesis of 13 studies using PRISMA guidelines. Assessment of heterogeneity was done using I-squared (I2) test and fixed/random effect analysis was done to determine the odds/risk ratio among selected studies.
Results: Our study demonstrated no significant differences in improvement for virological cure (RR 0.95, 0.67-1.34), whereas a significant relationship was there in radiological progression (RR 1.40, 1.03-1.91) between the two arms. There are 1.52 times the odds of intubation during treatment (CI 0.61-3.77), 1.08 times the risk of mortality (CI 0.65-1.79), and about 2.21 times increased risk of development of adverse effect (OR 2.21, 0.95-5.17). Among randomized controlled trials, the treatment group has 3.5 times (OR 3.48, 1.64-7.42) higher risk of developing adverse effects. There is 2.5 times the likelihood of severe arrhythmias and QT prolongation (OR 2.49, 1.67-3.70) on the treatment arm compared to control.
Conclusions: Hydroxychloroquine with/without macrolide demonstrated no beneficial effect in viral clearance and survival rates while showed significant relation in radiological improvement compared to SOC. The increased risk of intubation, overall side effects, and cardiac complications like arrhythmias and QT prolongation suggests utilizing such treatment to be judged with clinical relevance and proper monitoring.
Ayurvedic Management of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis in Post COVID-19 Patient: A Single Case Study
Authors: Arun NK  , Sarita Devi  , Mahesh Kumar Sharma  , Gyan Prakash Sharma  
Published: March 2022

A severe and rare fungal illness, Mucormycosis also known as black fungus affecting some corona virus patient. It occurs in people with Diabetes, Hypertension, reduced immunity and immune-compromised state. Various pharmacological interventions are used for this treatment but little efficacy and its prognosis is also poor. Certain Panchakarma procedures and internal Ayurvedic medicines have been proved to be beneficial in the management of fungal sinusitis. A 79 year old male patient with complaints of sinusitis, facial and eye pain, generalized muscular pain especially over the nape of neck, right arm, and right leg, discoloration of skin, nasal congestion came to Panchakarma OPD in university college of Ayurveda, Rajasthan Ayurveda University Campus Jodhpur for treatment. The present report deals with a case of Rhino Orbito cerebral Mucormycosis managed by Panchakarma treatment along with internal medicines. The Ayurvedic diagnoses of Raktaja Pratishyaya and Krimija Shiroroga were made, and Panchakarma treatments such as Kavala/Gandusha (gargling), Nasya (nasal medication), Dhumapana and Karnapurana were performed, followed by internal medicines for 30 days. Nasyakarma is especially desired for diseases of the parts above the base of the neck (above the clavicle). This treatment method was found effective in controlling the progressive symptoms and improving the functional ability of the patient.
FETAL OUTCOME IN EMERGENCY CAESARIAN SECTION
Authors: Iqbal Nargis , Nazia Nawaz  , Khulood Mukhtar  , Mehreen Nisar  , Faiza Nisar  , Nosheen Salman  
Published: March 2022

Background: Caesarean section is a procedure in which delivery of the fetus is carried out through a surgical incision on the abdomen and uterus of the mother. It is said to be a life-saving both for mother and fetus during pregnancy and labor.
Objectives: To determine the Fetal Outcome in Emergency Caesarean Section.
Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology department, of Al-Aleem Medical College attached with Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore from 1st March 2020 to Feb 2021. All emergency caesarean sections during above mentioned period were enrolled in the study. Information’s regarding Mother Age, Gravida Parity, Booking status, Socio-economic status, Mode of onset of labor and Fetal outcome as Apgar score, fetal maturity, Birth weight and Nursery admission were gathered by entering all information in the predesigned Performa.
Results: There were 635 deliveries during the said time, SVD were 380 (60%) and caesarean section were 255 (40%). The rate of ECS was 54.90% (140 women), whereas elective CS was 45.09% (115 women). The prevalence of ECS was 22% (140 of 635 deliveries). Nursery admission rate was 27.85% percent due to different indication, majority of them 89.74% discharged and unfortunately 10.25% expired due to prematurity, sepsis and birth asphyxia.
Conclusion: Fetal distress was the commonest cause of Emergency Caesarean Sections and resulted high perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Regional county-level housing inventory predictions and the effects on hurricane risk
Authors: Williams Caroline J. , Davidson Rachel A. , Nozick Linda K. , Trainor Joseph E. , Millea Meghan , Kruse Jamie L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Regional hurricane risk is often assessed assuming a static housing inventory, yet a region's housing inventory changes continually. Failing to include changes in the built environment in hurricane risk modeling can substantially underestimate expected losses. This study uses publicly available data and a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model to forecast the annual number of housing units for each of 1000 individual counties in the southeastern United States over the next 20 years. When evaluated using testing data, the estimated number of housing units was almost always (97.3 % of the time), no more than 1 percentage point different than the observed number, predictive errors that are acceptable for most practical purposes. Comparisons suggest the LSTM outperforms the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and simpler linear trend models. The housing unit projections can help facilitate a quantification of changes in future expected losses and other impacts caused by hurricanes. For example, this study finds that if a hurricane with characteristics similar to Hurricane Harvey were to impact southeastern Texas in 20 years, the residential property and flood losses would be nearly USD 4 billion (38 %) greater due to the expected increase of 1.3 million new housing units (41 %) in the region.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Business and Economic Research, Vol. 12, No. 1
Authors: Young Daisy 
Published: March 2022

Business and Economic Research (BER) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from December 1, 2021, to March 1, 2022. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether BER publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Ahmed ZouhairAlmir A. AlihodžićAzzam HannoonBratu (Simionescu) MihaelaFayez Bassam ShriedehHengky Sumisto HalimMohsen MohagheghNana Osei-BonsuNemer BadwanRoderikus Agus TrihatmokoRomeo Victor IonescuShyamkumar D. KalpandeYu HsingZoran Wittine
The application of the peer assisted learning method in laboratory skills of newborn physical examination learning in diii midwifery students
Authors: Manay Rahma H. , Ahmad Mardiana , Djafar Nurhaedar , Usman Andi Nilawati , Hafsa Amir Mahmud , Nontji Werna 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Learning methods are used to realize the applied learning strategies. Each learning method has its most prominent learning domain, such as cognitive (change of knowledge), affective (change of behavior), and psychomotor (change or improvement of skill). Midwifery is a profession that requires specific knowledge, attitudes, and skills that must be possessed and mastered. The process of achieving good competence of midwives starts with midwifery education. In achieving competence, midwifery students need theoretical and practical learning experiences in laboratory clinical skills. The Learning Pyramid developed by the National Training Laboratory shows that most students remember 90% of what they learn by teaching others. Objective: Determining the effect of the peer-assisted learning method application in laboratory skills for the physical examination of newborns learning. Method: This research used a Quasi-Experimental design with a pretest-posttest design. The sample was 30 students taken through the quota sampling technique, and the analysis used was the Wilcoxon Test. Result: The Peer-Assisted Learning method affected the learning outcome of skills in the physical examination of newborns with a significance level of P = 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusion: The Peer-Assisted Learning method improves the physical examination skills of newborns of DIII midwifery students.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Materi Organisasi Kehidupan Kelas VII SMPN 1 Tanah Putih Tanjung Melawan
Authors: Nurhaliza Siti , Zarkasih  , Rian Vebrianto  , Diniya  , Aldeva Ilhami  
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pembelajaran IPA di SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Putih Tanjung Melawan yang selama ini masih didominasi oleh metode diskusi dan tanya jawab dan hal ini berimplikasi pada rendahnya nilai siswa pada materi organisasi kehidupan dan kemampuan berkritis siswa. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa melalui preses pembelajaran dengan menerapkan model pembelajaraan kooperatif tipe Team Asisted Individualization (TAI) pada materi organisasi kehiduapan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode quasi experimental design dengan desain “The Nonequivalent Control Design” dengan pemilihan sampel secara “Purposive Sampling”. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VII.1 sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas VII.2 sebagai kelas eksperimen. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu instrumen tes berupa soal dan angket yang didukung oleh lembar observasi serta dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil olah data diketahui nilai sig. 0.003 < 0.05 yang bermakna bahwa ada perbedaan signifikan antara nilai kelas kontrol dan eksperimen. Hal ini menunjukkan Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak sehingga disimpulkan adanya “Pengaruh Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Asisted Individualization (TAI) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Putih Tanjung Melawan pada materi organisasi kehidupan”.
Mechanism of Development of Arterial Hypertension Associated with the Exchange of Level Vitamin D
Authors: Gahramanova Sona 
Published: March 2022

Arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the most chronic and fatal disorders in the world, the main risk factors for which are age, hereditary predisposition, race, tobacco use, high salt intake, etc., as well as low vitamin D. In the last 10 years, there has been an increasing interest in the extraosseous effects of vitamin D. Being a hormone-like vitamin, it participates in many vital processes of the body. Its level is closely related to various metabolic disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system (CVS), arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus, the immune system, cancer, etc. Vitamin D improves vascular endothelial function, due to which it has a vasoprotective effect, improves blood pressure, reduces vascular and myocardial remodeling, reduces the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy, slows down fibrosis, reduces the risk of atherosclerosis, reduces insulin resistance and inflammation, and improves immunity. It has been proven that vitamin D has an inverse relationship with renin, it reduces the expression of the renin gene. At a normal level of vitamin D, the concentration of renin and aldosterone II decreases, which has a positive effect on the course of hypertension.
Structural, Optical, and Electrical Studies of PAN-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Solid-State Battery Applications
Authors: Kumar Kambila Vijaya 
Published: March 2022

Gel polymer electrolyte films (GPEs) based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) complexed with NaF salt and an Al2O3 nanofiller were prepared via solution cast method. Structural studies were performed to investigate the order of conductivity under the influence of salt and nanofillers. The prepared films were characterized using energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) to determine the chemical composition in wt%. EDS studies reveal that PAN–NaF with Al2O3 ceramic filler decreases the degree of crystallinity with increasing concentration of the nanofiller. The UV–Vis spectrum was recorded by a Hewlett-Packard HP8452A diode array spectrometer. The structural effect of salt and nanoparticles on the conductivity was also confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the prepared polymer electrolytes were determined using a Universal Tensile Machine (Instron Model 5565, Canada) with a constant crosshead speed of 10 mm/min. The addition of nanoparticles increased both the modulus and the strength of the polymer nanocomposites. Both the tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased with increasing functionalized nanoparticle loading. The change in transition temperature caused by the incorporation of the Al2O3 nanofiller and plasticizer into the PAN+NaF complex was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Additionally, DSC thermograms were recorded to measure the glass transition temperature and melting temperature of PAN-based electrolytes using a Mettler instrument. Conductivity studies were carried out for all the prepared polymer electrolytes to understand the conduction mechanism. The role of the ceramic phase is to reduce the melting temperature, which is ascertained from DSC. The sample containing PAN:NaF (70:30) exhibits the highest conductivity of 1.82 x 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature (303 K) and 2.96 x 10−3 S cm−1 at 378 K. The polymer electrolytes considered in the present study exhibited an Arrhenius type of conduction. The polymer electrolyte containing 3 wt% Al2O3 nanofiller showed an ionic conductivity of 5.96 × 10−3 S cm−1. To determine transfer numbers, Wagner’s polarization method can be used. From these studies, it is observed that the conduction mechanism is predominantly due to ions. Using this (PAN–NaF– Al2O3) (70:30:3) electrolyte, a solid-state electrochemical cell was fabricated, and its discharge profiles were studied under a constant load of 100 kΩ. Finally, several cell profiles associated with this cell were evaluated and reported.
Two new species of Psyllocarpus (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Sobrado Sandra V. , Do Carmo João A.M. , Simões André O. , Salas Roberto M. 
Published: March 2022

Two new species of Psyllocarpus sect. Psyllocarpus, P. itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov. and P. vianae Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov., from the “campo rupestre” of the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, are here described and illustrated. We provide comments on their distribution, habitat, and preliminary conservation status, and discuss their taxonomy. In addition, we analyse floral, fruit, and seed micromorphology, as well as pollen grains of the new species. We also provide an updated identification key to the species of P. sect. Psyllocarpus.
Continuous mutation of SARS-CoV-2 during migration via three routes at the beginning of the pandemic
Authors: Konishi Tomokazu 
Published: March 2022

Background
It remains unclear how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection started, spread worldwide, and mutated to result in the present variants. This difficulty can be attributed to the limitations associated with the analytical methodology for presenting the differences among genomic sequences. In this study, we critically analysed the early data to explain the start and spread of the pandemic.

Methods
Objective analyses of the RNA sequences of earlier variants of SARS-CoV-2 (up to September 1, 2020, available in DDBJ and GISAID) were performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results were compared with information on the collection dates and location. The PCA was also conducted for 12 variants of interest to the WHO as of September 2021, and compared with earlier data.

Results
The pandemic began in Wuhan, China. This strain was suspected to be related to other reported animal viruses; however, they had a minimal similarity. The strain then spreads via three routes while accumulating mutations. Several viral subgroups were identified along the routes, each with a large number of patients reported, indicating high infectivity to humans. These routes were only confirmed by the early data analysis, because newer variants would have more mutations, and would be preferentially be examined by PCA if they were included. On the original axes found in the early variants, the newer variants revealed that they retained previously acquired mutations, which helped to reveal the viral ancestors of the newer variants. The rate of mutation was found to be comparable to that of the influenza H1N1 virus, which causes recurrent seasonal epidemics. Another threat imposed by SARS-CoV-2 is that if the pandemic cannot be contained, new variants may emerge annually, preventing herd immunity.
Recipient and Donor Outcomes After Living-Donor Liver Transplant for Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Hernandez-Alejandro Roberto , Ruffolo Luis I. , Sasaki Kazunari , Tomiyama Koji , Orloff Mark S. , Pineda-Solis Karen , Nair Amit , Errigo Jennie , Dokus M. Katherine , Cattral Mark , McGilvray Ian D. , Ghanekar Anand , Gallinger Steven , Selzner Nazia , Claasen Marco P. A. W. , Burkes Ron , Hashimoto Koji , Fujiki Masato , Quintini Cristiano , Estfan Bassam N. , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Menon K. V. Narayanan , Aucejo Federico , Sapisochin Gonzalo 
Published: March 2022

ImportanceColorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death, and nearly 70% of patients with this cancer have unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs). Compared with chemotherapy, liver transplant has been reported to improve survival in patients with CRLMs, but in North America, liver allograft shortages make the use of deceased-donor allografts for this indication problematic.ObjectiveTo examine survival outcomes of living-donor liver transplant (LDLT) for unresectable, liver-confined CRLMs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study included patients at 3 North American liver transplant centers with established LDLT programs, 2 in the US and 1 in Canada. Patients with liver-confined, unresectable CRLMs who had demonstrated sustained disease control on oncologic therapy met the inclusion criteria for LDLT. Patients included in this study underwent an LDLT between July 2017 and October 2020 and were followed up until May 1, 2021.ExposuresLiving-donor liver transplant.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPerioperative morbidity and mortality of treated patients and donors, assessed by univariate statistics, and 1.5-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of recurrence-free and overall survival for transplant recipients.ResultsOf 91 evaluated patients, 10 (11%) underwent LDLT (6 [60%] male; median age, 45 years [range, 35-58 years]). Among the 10 living donors, 7 (70%) were male, and the median age was 40.5 years (range, 27-50 years). Kaplan-Meier estimates for recurrence-free and overall survival at 1.5 years after LDLT were 62% and 100%, respectively. Perioperative morbidity for both donors and recipients was consistent with established standards (Clavien-Dindo complications among recipients: 3 [10%] had none, 3 [30%] had grade II, and 4 [40%] had grade III; donors: 5 [50%] had none, 4 [40%] had grade I, and 1 had grade III).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study’s findings of recurrence-free and overall survival rates suggest that select patients with unresectable, liver-confined CRLMs may benefit from total hepatectomy and LDLT.
Does Gender Impact a Diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Authors: Hwang Mark C. , Rozycki Martin , Kauffman David , Arndt Theresa , Yi Esther , Weisman Michael H. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe study objective was to explore differences in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) diagnosis experiences between men and women by examining the coding of health events over the 2 years preceding AS diagnosis.MethodsClaims data (January 2006–April 2019) from the MarketScan databases were examined. Patients who had received two or more AS diagnoses at least 30 days apart and had at least 2 years of insurance enrollment before their first AS diagnosis were analyzed. Men were matched 1:1 to women by age, diagnosis date, insurance type, and enrollment duration. Health events (diagnosis and provider codes) were examined over 2 years before AS diagnosis and stratified by gender. Data were analyzed using univariate χ2tests.ResultsAmong 7744 patients, 274 of 1906 AS‐related codes showed statistically significant differences between men and women. Women received more diagnosis codes than men across diagnoses and providers; the largest difference in diagnosis codes among women versus men was in peripheral symptom coding (57.7% vs. 43.9%, respectively). More women than men received diagnosis codes for depression (21.2% vs. 9.8%) and other musculoskeletal symptoms (52.8% vs. 40.0%); only gout was more common in men (6.5%) than in women (2.2%). Among men, backache codes gradually increased 12 months before AS diagnosis, whereas axial and sacroiliitis coding increased sharply immediately before diagnosis. The greatest difference in physician types visited was for rheumatologists: 64.2% of women had visits compared with 45.1% of men.ConclusionFurther investigation into the dissimilarities in diagnostic experiences between men and women is needed to determine whether differences are due to disease phenotype or potential cognitive bias influencing diagnostic decision‐making.