bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second Time Around: Increased Rate of Living Donation From Repeat Organ Donors
Authors: Sidoti Carolyn N. , Terlizzi Kelly , Donnelly Conor , Jaffe Ian S. , Motter Jennifer D. , Philosophe Benjamin , Jenkins Reed T. , Hussain Sarah , Colon Pedro , Tevar Amit D. , Lonze Bonnie E. , Orandi Babak J. , Levan Macey L. , Segev Dorry L. , Massie Allan B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionSome living organ donors will decide to donate again at a later date. Evidence has indicated that this practice may have increased in recent years. We evaluated the incidence and outcomes of this practice to inform counseling of potential repeat donors.MethodsUsing SRTR data from 1994 to 2023, we identified 220 repeat living donors and their 415 recipients. We constructed donor comparison groups using weighting by the odds. We described clinical and lab results at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years post‐donation separately for kidney‐second donors and liver‐second donors. We compared all‐cause graft failure for their recipients with those of comparison donors.ResultsThe annual count of repeat living donors increased from 5 in 2018 to 25 in 2019 (p < 0.001). Of 220 donors, 159 were liver‐second donors (72.3%) and 55 were kidney‐second donors (25.0). The percentage of nondirected donations increased from 30.5% at first donation to 53.2% at second donation (p < 0.001). Liver‐second donors had one death approximately 2.5 years post‐donation. Seventeen were re‐admitted and 20 experienced complications requiring an interventional procedure or re‐operation. Among kidney‐second donors, no deaths, re‐admissions, or post‐donation complications were reported. Post‐donation outcomes in both groups were comparable when evaluated against organ‐specific comparison donors. Recipients of repeat living donors experienced graft survival similar to recipients of comparison donors.ConclusionsRepeat living donation may be a safe practice for carefully selected living donors in the short term; however, long term safety is unknown. Outcomes for recipients are similar to recipients of comparison donors.
Leaf Dry Matter Content Is Phylogenetically Conserved and Related to Environmental Conditions, Especially Wildfire Activity
Authors: Dai Dachuan , Yu Dongli , Gao Wuchao , Perry George L. W. , Paterson Adrian M. , You Chengming , Zhou Shixing , Xu Zhenfeng , Huang Congde , Cao Dongyu , Curran Timothy J. , Cui Xinglei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLeaf dry matter content (LDMC) is an important determinant of plant flammability. Investigating global patterns of LDMC could provide insights into worldwide plant flammability patterns, informing wildfire management. We characterised global patterns of LDMC across 4074 species from 216 families, revealing that phylogenetic and environmental constraints influence LDMC. LDMC varied across growth forms and taxonomic groups, displaying phylogenetic niche conservatism. Temperature, precipitation, aridity index, soil total nitrogen content and wildfire activity affected LDMC, and the effect of wildfire activity was stronger than other environmental factors across species with postfire regeneration abilities. Such species had higher LDMC, and their LDMC was less phylogenetically conserved and more strongly associated with fire activity. Our results suggest that, although LDMC shows phylogenetic niche conservatism, LDMC is determined by environmental factors, especially wildfire activity. Wildfire has likely acted as a selective pressure towards high LDMC across species that persist through fire using postfire regeneration.
How well is the female population represented in clinical trials with infusion therapies for Parkinson's disease? A systematic review and metanalysis
Authors: Smilowska Katarzyna , Carvalho Vanessa , Szejko Natalia , Costa João , Moro Elena , Antonini Angelo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting both sexes, but differences exist between male and female in clinical manifestations, functional impact of symptoms and hormonal influences. Therefore, representativeness of females in PD trials indirectly determines the external validity of the clinical research in this field.ObjectiveTo estimate the representativeness of female in infusion therapy trials for advanced PD.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE databases were searched (1980 to September 2023), along with congress abstracts, to identify controlled clinical trials and large non‐controlled studies on infusion therapies in PD enrolling >100 patients. Random‐effect meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate mean pooled prevalence of females included in the studies. Subgroup analyses were conducted accordingly to study design and intervention.ResultsWe included 15 studies (six studies on levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel, six on subcutaneous levodopa, two on subcutaneous apomorphine, and one on levodopa‐carbidopa‐entacapone intestinal gel). Sex was not a randomisation stratification factor in any of these studies. Only one study explored differences in the outcome estimated according to sex. Overall, the proportion of female included was 38% (95% CI:33%–43%; I2 = 74%), without differences between studies assessing different type of interventions (p = 0.72) or between study design (p = 0.35). In two studies, females represented the majority of included patients.ConclusionFemale with advanced PD are underrepresented in infusion therapy trials. Most trials have overlooked sex‐based biological differences that can impact clinical and functional outcomes, raising concerns about the generalizability of these findings to real‐world contexts.
Investigating the Effects of Thermal Variability and Heatwaves on Pond Zooplankton Communities and Physiological Traits
Authors: Bonadonna Christine C. , Moffett Emma R. , Symons Celia C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

To understand the impacts of climate change, we must understand the consequences of multiple and interacting timescales of temperature change. While much is known about rising mean temperatures, less is understood about the influence of projected thermal variability and extreme events like heatwaves on biological communities. This study investigates the interaction of short‐term (experimental) and long‐term (historic) thermal variability with heatwaves on zooplankton communities and physiological traits.

We performed a fully factorial mesocosm experiment with three factors: (1) historic thermal variation (four source ponds with similar average temperature but different daily thermal ranges including 3.7°C, 5.9°C, 9.1°C, and 10.7°C); (2) experimental thermal variation (insulated and non‐insulated tanks); and (3) a 4‐day heatwave treatment (+3.5°C) halfway through the experiment. We sampled the zooplankton community throughout the experiment and assayed the upper thermal limit (CTmax) and metabolic rate of Daphnia dentifera and Leptodiaptomus signicauda immediately before and after the heatwave.

Zooplankton community composition responded minimally to thermal variability and the heatwave. For both species, CTmax response to the heatwave varied by experimental thermal variability, increasing in individuals from low‐variability tanks and decreasing in individuals from high‐variability tanks. Metabolic rate did not vary significantly by any of the treatments.

D. dentifera and L. signicauda's upper thermal limit seems to be unaffected by their historic thermal history, while their CTmax response to a heatwave seems to rely only on their short‐term thermal variability history. Metabolic rate, on the other hand, is unaffected by thermal history or heatwaves of this magnitude. In spite of the physiological responses at the individual level, zooplankton community structure seems to be buffered and overall unaffected by heatwaves and thermal variability at this magnitude.

Our experiment provides new insight on the effects of thermal variability at both short‐ and long‐term scales combined with an acute heatwave to understand the effects of a changing climate in a more realistic manner. The data supports that individuals from recently thermally stable backgrounds may be better equipped to positively respond physiologically to heatwaves and zooplankton community structure in this system could be unaffected by warming at this magnitude.
Effects of exercise on cognitive function and glycated hemoglobin A1c among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Xiaoxue , Chen Bin , Liu Xinyuan , Ma Jingya 
Published: January 2025

AimTo evaluate the effects of exercise versus without‐exercise group on global cognitive function, executive function, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment.MethodsA systematic search of Cqvip, SinoMed, Wanfang Data, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Lippincott, Web of Science and Scopus was carried out. Randomized control trials were selected. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The random‐effects model was used to obtain the pooled estimates.ResultsEight trials with 884 participants were included. Exercise could significantly improve global cognitive function (standardized mean difference 0.82, 95% CI 0.53–1.12), executive function measured by the Trail‐Marking Test part B (mean difference −20.43, 95% CI −36.20, −4.66), glycated hemoglobin A1c (%; mean difference −0.58, 95% CI −0.88, −0.29) and fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL; mean difference −17.61, 95% CI −32.67, −2.54).ConclusionsExercise can improve cognitive function, glycated hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with cognitive impairment. Additional studies with higher methodological quality are expected to draw more definite conclusions. This finding could provide a reference for clinical decision‐making and guide future research initiatives. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 148–159.
Confounders: A threat to the interpretation of research findings in endodontics
Authors: Farajollahi Mehran , Saber Tahan Shima , Keshtkar Abbasali , Peters Ove A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractConfounding is a significant challenge in endodontic research, as it can blur the true effect and relationship between exposure and outcomes, potentially compromising the internal validity of research findings. Confounding variables can create apparent differences between study groups when no actual difference exists or fail to reveal true differences when they are present. Additionally, confounding can lead to either an underestimation or an overestimation of the effect of exposure on the outcome. This narrative review aims to (i) define confounder variables and explain how to identify them, (ii) elaborate methods for controlling confounders, and (iii) discuss how confounders can obscure any causal relationship. Confounding variables can be controlled through study design such as randomization, matching and restriction, or adjusted using statistical methods like stratification and multivariable models. However, inadequate control of confounding can result in residual confounding, which poses a significant threat to the interpretation of findings in endodontic research.
Three challenges of social protection in sub‐Saharan Africa: informality, climate change and pandemics
Authors: Delpy Léo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article provides an overview of social protection challenges in sub‐Saharan Africa. It explores three main challenges: the integration of informal workers, the management of climate change and pandemics. Despite the proliferation of social protection programmes in sub‐Saharan Africa, effective coverage remains low. About 76.3% of the population is not covered by any formal social protection mechanisms. Following the principle of qualitative comparative analysis, this article offers a twofold contribution. Firstly, it provides an overview of the diversity of social protection mechanisms in sub‐Saharan Africa. This article proposes to describe the three categories of social protection using the concept of social protection mix: formal, semi‐formal and informal. Secondly, using this concept, this study explores three major challenges of the social protection mix in sub‐Saharan Africa. Finally, this article suggests ways to strengthen social protection systems that address new challenges and incorporate the diversity of social protection mechanisms.
Racial disparity in preoperative C‐reactive protein level for predicting prognosis of patients with non‐metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: INMARC study
Authors: Chen Wei , Tanaka Hajime , Kobayashi Masaki , Fukuda Shohei , Nakayama Akinori , Meagher Margaret F. , Yoshida Soichiro , Derweesh Ithaar H. , Master Viraj A. , Hirakawa Akihiro , Fujii Yasuhisa , Saito Kazutaka 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundC‐reactive protein (CRP) is a prognostic biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, there may be potential racial heterogeneity in distribution and prognostic impact of CRP level. We investigated potential racial differences in distribution and prognostic impact of preoperative CRP among Asian (AS), African American (AA), and Caucasian (CAUC) patients with non‐metastatic ccRCC (nmccRCC).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 1991 nmccRCC cases (AS/AA/CAUC: n = 968/223/800) undergoing nephrectomy from the international multi‐institutional database. We investigated CRP distributions and optimal cut‐off values for predicting recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) using Cox regressions for each racial group. Subgroup analyses considered comorbidities, pathological T stage, and Fuhrman grade.ResultsPreoperative CRP distributions differed significantly among the races, with median values of 0.90 mg/L (interquartile range, 0.40–2.33) for AS, 5.00 mg/L (1.98–12.20) for AA, and 3.55 mg/L (1.41–8.48) for CAUC (p < 0.01). Optimal cut‐off values for RFS were 1.2 mg/L in AS, 2.8 mg/L in AA, and 1.7 mg/L in CAUC, showing C‐indices of 0.77, 0.71, and 0.77, respectively. For OS, they were 1.6 mg/L in AS, 8.3 mg/L in AA, and 9.3 mg/L in CAUC, yielding C‐indices of 0.77, 0.70, and 0.74, respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed varying reference ranges of CRP levels among races (1.1–2.2/2.7–5.0/1.5–3.4 mg/L for RFS, and AS/AA/CAUC: 0.9–3.0/8.0–12.7/8.0–10.4 mg/L for OS, respectively).ConclusionThe preoperative CRP distributions and their optimal cut‐off values for predicting patient prognosis differed significantly among the races. Using race‐specific cut‐off values, CRP demonstrated consistently high‐prognostic accuracies, which may improve tailored patient management in nmccRCC.
Facilitators and Barriers of Large Language Model Adoption Among Nursing Students: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Ma Yingzhuo , Liu Tong , Qi Jianwei , Gan Yiling , Cheng Qiongyao , Wang Jun , Xiao Mingzhao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo explore nursing students' perceptions and experiences of using large language models and identify the facilitators and barriers by applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.MethodBetween January and June 2024, we conducted individual semi‐structured online interviews with 24 nursing students from 13 medical universities across China. Participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Interviews were conducted in Mandarin. Data were analysed through directed content analysis.ResultsAnalysis revealed 10 themes according to 3 constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: (a) attitude: perceived value and expectations were facilitators, while perceived caution posed barriers; (b) subjective norm: media effects and role model effectiveness were described as facilitators, whereas organisational pressure exerted by medical universities, research institutions and hospitals acted as a barrier to usage; (c) perceived behavioural control: the design of models and free access were strong incentives for students to use, while geographic access restrictions and digital literacy deficiencies were key factors hindering adoption.ConclusionThis study explored nursing students' attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control regarding the use of large language models. The findings provided valuable insights into the factors that hindered or facilitated nursing students' adoption.Implications for the ProfessionThrough the lens of this study, we have enhanced knowledge of the journey of nursing students using large language models, which contributes to the implementation and management of these tools in nursing education.ImpactThere is a gap in the literature regarding nursing students' views and perceptions of large language models and the factors that influence their usage, which this study addresses. These findings could provide evidence‐based support for nurse educators to formulate management strategies and guidelines.Reporting MethodReporting adheres to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist.Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
A comparative study of AI‐generated and human‐crafted learning objectives in computing education
Authors: Doyle Aidan , Sridhar Pragnya , Agarwal Arav , Savelka Jaromir , Sakr Majd 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIn computing education, educators are constantly faced with the challenge of developing new curricula, including learning objectives (LOs), while ensuring that existing courses remain relevant. Large language models (LLMs) were shown to successfully generate a wide spectrum of natural language artefacts in computing education.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to evaluate if it is feasible for a state‐of‐the‐art LLM to support curricular design by proposing lists of high‐quality LOs.MethodsWe propose a simple LLM‐powered framework for the automatic generation of LOs. Two human evaluators compare the automatically generated LOs to the human‐crafted ones in terms of their alignment with course goals, meeting the SMART criteria, mutual overlap, and appropriateness of ordering.ResultsWe found that automatically generated LOs are comparable to LOs authored by instructors in many respects, including being measurable and relevant while exhibiting some limitations (e.g., sometimes not being specific or achievable). LOs were also comparable in their alignment with the high‐level course goals. Finally, auto‐generated LOs were often deemed to be better organised (order, non‐overlap) than the human‐authored ones.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that LLM could support educators in designing their courses by providing reasonable suggestions for LOs.
A Retrospective Study of Stabilizing Bridges in Patients With Stages III and IV Periodontitis: Up to 35 Years of Clinical Audit
Authors: Fardal Øystein , Grytten Jostein 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground/AimStudies on large cross‐arch bridges in patients with severe periodontitis show that such bridges can stabilize the periodontal condition. However, it is not known if these bridges will reduce long‐term tooth loss and what factors are important for their long‐term survival. The aim of the study was to study all patients with Stages III/IV periodontitis who received cross‐arch bridges for up 35 years in a private practice.Materials and MethodsAll patients referred for periodontal treatment from 1986 who received cross‐arch bridges with observation period of minimum 7 years were assessed. All dropouts were accounted for.ResultsNinety‐eight patients (1.7% of the patient population) with 111 bridges were observed (57 females and 37 males). Age at bridge construction was 55.4 years (SD = 7.1, range 39–79). Failure rate was 14.4% at 16.1 years (SD = 4.0 range 10–22). Reasons for failure were poor oral hygiene (p = 0.0093) and complications such as caries, endontics, porcelain fractures and gingival retractions during maintenance therapy (p = 0.0059). Fewer abutment teeth were lost from the bridges than teeth from the same and opposing arches (8.8% vs. 34.4% and 25.4%) (p < 0.0001).ConclusionCross‐arch bridges constructed for patients with Stages III and IV periodontitis were successful in terms of longevity, low failure rates, tooth preservation and patient satisfaction.
Dyadic Associations of Suicidal Risk Predicting Relationship Satisfaction in a Clinical Sample
Authors: Morgan Preston C. , Love Heather A. , Hunt Quintin A. , King Salena 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the prevalence of suicidal risk and associated trajectories of relational satisfaction in couples presenting for therapy using a national clinical data set, the Marriage and Family Therapy Practice Research Network (MFT‐PRN). The sample assessed 296 different‐sex couples attending couple therapy at sessions one, four, and eight. Nearly a quarter of couples indicated suicidal risk at session one. Dyadic latent growth models revealed that higher suicidal risk had a small but significant association with lower initial relationship satisfaction for men; thus, while the suicidal risk is associated with men's lower relationship satisfaction at intake, it may not continue to have impacts later in treatment. Alternative analyses of 27 same‐sex couples revealed a quarter of couples with suicidal risk at session one and that suicidal risk was not associated with relationship satisfaction. Although suicide risk was not associated with changes in relational satisfaction over time, suicidal risk should be assessed for couples presenting to therapy.
The Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Shared Religious/Spiritual Practices, and Relationship Satisfaction in Couple Therapy: Sessions 1 Through 6
Authors: Yoo Hana , Johnson Lee N. , Wagner Kaelie N. , Cherry Kyla A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe present study utilized a sample of 374 distressed couples seeking therapy to investigate: (1) how partners' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and shared religious/spiritual (R/S) practices are associated with their relationship satisfaction at intake and (2) the rate and shape of change in relationship satisfaction over the first six sessions. The results from multilevel modeling (MLM) demonstrated that males' ACEs were negatively associated with both their own and their partners' relationship satisfaction at intake, whereas females' ACEs were negatively associated only with their own satisfaction, not their partners'. Regarding shared R/S practices, only females' reports were positively associated with both their own and their partners' satisfaction at intake; no effects were observed for males' reports. Lastly, changes in relationship satisfaction from sessions one through six were found to be curvilinear, with more rapid change occurring initially, followed by a slowdown as therapy progressed.