bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S08-2 Reproducibility and validity of four physical activity questionnaires in 18 European union member states: the European Union Physical Activity and Sport Monitoring System (EUPASMOS) project
Authors: Schipper Maarten 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The successful promotion of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) requires reliable and valid prevalence data of physical activity (PA) to enable the design, implementation and evaluation of effective and cost-effective policies. As part of the development of a new integrated monitoring framework in Europe, the reliability and validity of the Eurobarometer, European Health Interview Survey (EHIS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) were studied in the ongoing European Union Physical Activity and Sport Monitoring System project (EUPASMOS) among 18 European Union member states.

Methods
Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were assessed among 80-100 adults per member state using the four questionnaires and the UKK RM42 accelerometer. Participants completed the questionnaires in random order and wore the accelerometer seven consecutive days on their right hip (during the day) and on their non-dominant wrist (overnight). Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior and adherence to the WHO PA guidelines were calculated based on the 5 methods. The reproducibility and validity of the four questionnaires were tested by using the Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) or Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ), dependent of the outcome measure.

Results
Preliminary results from the Netherlands (N = 91) showed that the correlations for reproducibility of all four questionnaires varied between 0.51 and 0.63 for MVPA, between 0.30 and 0.60 for the WHO PA guidelines and between 0.65 and 0.82 for SB. All correlations were statically significant (p &gt; 0.05). Significant correlations for validity of the questionnaires were found for MVPA (ρ = 0.22-0.43) and the WHO PA guidelines (ρ = 0.19-0.25). The only exception was the association between the EHIS questionnaire and the WHO PA guidelines. For SB, only GPAQ and the EHIS questionnaire showed significant associations (ρ = 0.31-0.32).

Conclusions
First analyses of the Dutch data within the EUPASMOS project showed that the four commonly used questionnaires in Europe are fairly to strongly reliable methods depending on the outcome measure. The four questionnaires are fairly valid methods, except the Eurobarometer and IPAQ when examining SB. It is of interest to examine the quality of these questionnaires in all 18 member states for national and European policy makers.
S08-3 Physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep-time of Eupasmos-project participants in 16 European countries: European Union Physical Activity and Sport Monitoring System (EUPASMOS) project
Authors: Vähä-Ypyä Henri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Increasing number of studies use device-based measurements to report levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) of populations. The studies have used different devices, device placements and analysis methods, and thus the comparison of the results between studies and populations is very challenging. The purpose of the present study was to present preliminary results of PA, SB and sleep-time measured with a similar method among adults of 16 European countries.

Methods
The study is based on the Eupasmos-project where PA, SB and sleep-time of the participants (n = 6674) were measured by a tri-axial accelerometer 24/7 (UKK RM42, UKK Terveyspalvelut Oy, Tampere, Finland). Accelerometer was worn on an elastic hip-band during waking-hours and on a wrist-band attached to a non-dominant wrist during bed-time (sleeping). PA-parameters were based on mean amplitude deviation (MAD) of acceleration analyzed in 1min exponential moving average (epoch length 6s). Assessment of SB (e.g. sitting and laying down) and standing were based on the angle for posture estimation (APE). Sleep measurement was based on the movement of a non-dominant wrist during bed-time. Parameters analyzed were total daily times and different bout lengths of SB, standing, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, sleep and mean number of daily steps.

Results
The preliminary analysis included 47-1952 participants/country. In all countries participants spent most of their waking-hours sedentary. On weekdays the country-mean of SB varied from 8h18min to 10h7min. Participants took on average 6907-9716 steps/day. Light PA varied from 3h46min to 5h10min and moderate-to-vigorous PA from 45 to 78min. Participants wore the device on their wrist (sleeping-time) 6h42min-8h37min on weekdays. Although the total times of these behaviors were quite similar between the countries, the variation increased when different bout lengths were analyzed: the longer the bout length, the larger the variation. The hour-by-hour pattern of these behaviors varied a lot between the countries as well.

Conclusions
General pattern of SB, PA and sleep-time was quite similar in all countries, but the deeper analysis revealed clear differences. To be able to compare levels and patterns of these behaviors it is essential to use the exactly same method in all participating countries.
S10-4 The Global Observatory for Physical Activity-GoPA! Policy Inventory: preliminary findings and lessons learned
Authors: Pedišić Željko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Insufficient physical activity (PA) is considered to be one of the main risk factors for premature mortality. Its high prevalence and associated costs for the health care system present a strong incentive for national governments to develop PA policies. There is a lack of recent and mutually comparable data on national PA policies, particularly for low- to middle-income countries. In 2019, the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) has therefore started collecting data on national PA policies globally using the GoPA! Policy Inventory, version 3.0. Our aim is to present the preliminary findings of this data collection and lessons learned during the process.

Methods
The GoPA! Policy Inventory, version 3.0 was distributed to 149 GoPA! Country Contacts, with an option to provide their responses in an online survey or in an interactive Word document. The GoPA! Policy Inventory, version 3.0 includes 20 questions about availability, content, implementation, comprehensiveness, and effectiveness of national PA policies.

Results
Data were collected for 24 high-income, 13 upper-middle-income, nine lower-middle-income, and three low-income countries (overall n = 49) from all six WHO regions. A large majority of countries (76%) reported having a national PA policy or plan. Fifty-seven per cent of countries reported having PA recommendations. However, less than a half of the countries (45%) had PA recommendations for each of the following key target groups: children and young people, adults, and older adults. National health surveillance/monitoring system, which includes measures of PA, was available in 78% of countries. Most Country Contacts indicated that the ministries of health, sport, and education had active roles in PA promotion. Quantifiable national targets for PA were established in 43% of countries. The median score for the implementation of policies was 6, for comprehensiveness five, and effectiveness four and a half (out of a maximum score of 10).

Conclusion
Further efforts are needed in the development and implementation of comprehensive national PA policies. More countries should establish quantifiable national targets for PA and track progress toward meeting them. Monitoring the effectiveness and implementation of PA policies remains challenging, as countries do not have established systems for their assessment.
O1-1 Footfall trends on Irish walking trails before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Power Dylan , Lambe Barry , Murphy Niamh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Organisations operating at multiple levels of the physical activity and outdoor recreation ecosystem in Ireland collect data pertaining to recreational trail use, yet despite its potential utility, there is no centralised surveillance system for Irish walking trails. Due to the little effort to collate data, recreational walking trail usage in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. The aims of this study are twofold. Firstly, this study aims to compare trends in footfall count data on Irish trails prior to, and during, the period following the outbreak of COVID-19. Secondly, this study aims to triangulate findings from footfall count data with openly available mobility data.

Methods
This descriptive study analysed changes in footfall counts gathered from passive infrared sensors on 33 of Ireland's walking trails between January 2019 and December 2020. The relationship between Google Community Mobility Report (GCMR) data and footfall counts was analysed to corroborate trends in footfall data.

Results
Overall, total footfall increased by 6% (p = 0.024) between 2019 and 2020 on trails included in this analysis. Notably, mean trail usage was between 26% and 47% higher (p = 0.002) in October-December 2020 than during the same period in 2019. On average, trails &gt;2km from an urban area had higher footfall during all periods of movement restrictions.

Conclusions
The conclusions of this study are twofold. Firstly, recreational walking trail use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially on trails closer to urban areas. The increase reported here poses questions relating to the potential positive legacy which the pandemic period may have had on recreational trail use. Secondly, combining multiple data sources can provide trail managers with more detailed representations of trail usage. However, there are currently little efforts to harmonise data. Future research should examine the multi-level determinants of trail use to inform context specific trail promotion campaigns. Furthermore, investigating novel ways to coordinate heterogeneous datasets pertaining to recreational walking may prove fruitful for the fields of outdoor recreation and physical activity research.
O1-3 Time spent cycling, running, walking, standing, sitting, and lying: a cross-sectional analysis of accelerometer-data from 930 Danes aged 15-94 in the Moving Denmark study
Authors: Sofie Koch , Schipperijn Jasper , Christiansen Lars Breum 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Physical activity is essential for public health. Newer device-based measures can identify different activity behaviors, which is useful to focus future health promotion initiatives. The objectives of this study were to describe time spend cycling, running, walking, standing, sitting, and lying during a regular day using accelerometers, and to describe differences between age-groups and gender.

Methods
In the Moving Denmark study a representative sample of 400.000 Danes were invited to a national survey. A subsample of 1525 respondents gave consent to wear an accelerometer (Axivity AX3 attached to the right thigh; 24 h/day, 7 consecutive days) of which 930 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (min. 3 valid weekdays and 1 valid weekend day with data). Daily time spent biking, running, walking, standing, sitting, and lying were derived using the method proposed by Skotte et al. (2014) using 1-s epochs, and differences between age-groups (15-25, 26-45, 46-65, +66 y/o) and gender were investigated using Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.

Results
Among those cycling (39.2%) and those running (67.9%), the mean time per day was 8.4 minutes for cycling and 2.8 minutes for running. The mean time walking, standing, sitting, and lying was 93.5, 183.2, 572.1, and 542.2 min/day, respectively. No significant difference was observed between age groups on biking, but time spend biking was highest among men. Average time spend running and walking was highest among the youngest participants (15-25 y/o), but with no differences observed on gender. No difference between age groups were found for standing, but the average time spend standing was significantly higher for women compared to men. Average sitting time was significantly higher among the older participants (+66 y/o), whereas time spend lying was highest among the youngest participants, but with no differences observed on gender.

Conclusions
The study show that at least 67.9% of the sample are active through either biking, running, or both, but also that the average daily minutes are limited. Men accumulate in average more minutes of biking, and women more minutes of standing. The younger participants had more minutes of walking, running, and lying, while the older participants more often were sitting.
O3-2 Evaluation of implementation and impact of a national mass media campaign to promote active lifestyles in Portugal: ‘Follow the Whistle: Physical Activity is Calling You'
Authors: Silva Marlene Nunes , Godinho Cristina , Salavisa Marta , Silva Catarina Santos , Santos Rute , Mendes Romeu , Owen Katherine , Teixeira Pedro , Bauman Adrian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Portugal has one of the highest rates of physical inactivity in Europe. To raise the profile of physical activity (PA) among adults, the Portuguese National Physical Activity Promotion Program of the Directorate-General of Health developed and implemented a national mass media campaign in 2019 named ?Follow the Whistle?. The campaign was based on social marketing principles and behavior change theory, namely the COM-B model, and was developed through formative research. We aim to describe the implementation process and short-term impact evaluation data.

Methods
‘Follow the Whistle' was launched in June 2019 and continued for 4 weeks (TV, Radio, Online and Cinema, newspapers, outdoors). Pre (n = 878, 57%women) and post (n = 1319, 58%women) independent adult population samples were used to assess campaign impact. Participants were recruited through the mailing list of a Portuguese mutual insurance company, a network from across Portugal. The online questionnaire comprised socio-demographic factors, campaign awareness and recall, and psychosocial and behavioral measures linked to the four targets of the COM-B model, including items to assess perceived capability for physical activity(C), perceived opportunity for practice/ ease of integration of PA in daily living(O), motivation for PA practice(M) and behavior(B) assessed with IPAQ and the Activity Choice Index.

Results
Pre-and post-campaign samples were broadly demographically similar. Campaign recall increased significantly from 1% to 24% in prompted tagline recall (1/3 at post-campaign correctly recalled specific campaign images). All the targeted COM-B indicators changed in the expected direction, suggesting increases in perceived capability to engage in PA, perceived daily opportunities for being physically active, and in motivation (considering PA as fun, important, and compatible with other important things in life) (all p &gt; 0.05). Results from PA behavior measures revealed increases only for vigorous activities (p &gt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The GAPPA recommends the creation of active societies starting with best-practice community-wide communications campaigns. Although one focus of the ?Follow-the whistle? (i.e. promotion of active transport and incidental everyday forms of physical activity) was not entirely achieved (i.e. changes only in vigorous activities), the initial campaign objectives of increases in awareness, and influencing intermediate outcomes were achieved. Further campaign waves are planned for future years.
O3-7 Prenatal predictors and physical fitness in Spanish Youth: the UP&DOWN study
Authors: Padilla-Moledo Carmen , Castro-Piñero Jose , Perez-Bey A , Conde-Caveda J , Esteban-Cornejo Irene , Veiga Oscar L , Hesketh K. D , Gusi Narcis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Physical fitness outcomes are considered major health biomarkers to assess and monitor exercise-based interventions across the lifespan. Recent studies provide evidence that many adult and childhood chronic diseases should have their origins in gestational or fetal life. To date, a few pioneering studies have showed associations between prenatal predictors and selected physical fitness tests (strength and cardiorespiratory). Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge about the influence of prenatal factors on childhood performance on a comprehensive fitness test battery including speed and coordination. The innovative purpose of the current study is to analyse the relative weight of prenatal predictors on schoolchildren's physical fitness outcomes.

Methods
We obtain data from1188 children (571 girls) aged 6-11 years and 1020 adolescents (495 girls) aged 12-17 years. Prenatal predictors (gestational anemia, gestational diabetes and length of gestation) were self-reported from offspring's mothers. The ALPHA fitness test battery for youth was used to assess offsprinǵs physical fitness (muscular strength, motor fitness and cardiorespiratory fitness). Regression analysis were performed to predict the different physical fitness outcomes.

Results
The main findings of the present study indicate that the presence of gestational anemia significantly predicted lower scores of lower-body explosive muscular strength (standing long jump) and motor fitness (4x10-m shuttle run) and predicted moderately lower scores of upper-body isometric muscular strength (handgrip strength test). (p&gt;.005; p&gt;.008; p&gt;.075 respectively). Moreover, gestational anemia better predicted lower scores of muscular strength and motor fitness in children than in adolescents (standing long jump, handgrip strength test, 4x10-m shuttle run) (p&gt;.001; p&gt;.051; p &gt; 0.18, respectively). While gestational age and length of gestation (&gt;34- ?42 weeks) predict better cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle-run test) (p&gt;.023; p&gt;.023 respectively) and motor fitness (4x10 m shuttle; moderately for length of gestation). (p&gt;.020; p &gt; 0.55 respectively).

Conclusion
This evidence suggests that preventive strategies by health-care institutions, policy makers and technicians must be two-fold: a) to effectively reduce gestational anemia in order to prevent offsprinǵs predisposition to low levels of physical fitness, and b) to intervene with toddlers and children at risk to provide tailored physical activity programs and regular physical fitness evaluation.
O4-2 Evaluate the health-enhancing physical activity policy of Rio de Janeiro: ‘Programa Academia Carioca'
Authors: Cardoso Junia , Noel-Racine Antoine , de Oliveira José Augusto Guimarães , Mota Paulo , Garbarino Jean-Marie , Massiera Bernard , Vuillemin Anne , Caetano Rosangela , Coeli Claudia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Issue and problem
In Brazil, 47% of people are insufficiently physically active (Guthold et al, 2018). According to the Global Physical Activity Observatory, 13.2% of deaths in Brazil are caused by inactivity. Besides, Ding et al (2016) estimated the direct health cost attributable to physical inactivity in this country at 1.6 billion US dollars. Rio de Janeiro (RJ) is one of the largest cities in Brazil, with a high mortality rate (54.1%) from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and substantial health inequalities (SIM/MRJ, 2019). As a large city, it reproduces a worldwide trend, which associates economic growth and urbanization with an unhealthy lifestyle and epidemic levels of obesity and remarkable physical inactivity (WHO, 2014).

Problem description
The multifactorial context above described enables NCDs and challenges health protection systems. For this reason, the Municipal Health Department of RJ implemented since 2009 a Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) policy: ‘Programa Academia Carioca' (PAC). This policy supports regular physical activity free of charge, in Primary Care Health Units (UAP). The Program combines the practice of physical activity associated with various educational and community activities. It includes Physical Education professionals who work in a multidisciplinary way. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the implementation of this policy.

Results (effects/changes)
After 11 years, the PAC has 142,969 participants, 80% of whom have NCDs. Among its participants, blood pressure control was demonstrated in 90% of hypertensive patients; weight loss, and a 60% reduction in cardiovascular risk classification, and suspension of medication in 20% of users. Being part of the PAC resulted in greater use and understanding of the general services of UAP in 86% and 98% of participants, respectively. Detailed results are not available at that time but will be presented at the conference.

Lessons
The PAC showed to be a successful tool to enhance health through physical activity at UAP. The use of trained and specialized professionals plays a fundamental key to develop educational and community actions in vulnerable groups.

Main messages
The implementation of an ambitious and integrated HEPA policy, considering environmental and health factors, can produce more effective institutional responses to change this epidemiological scenario.
O4-4 Relation between physical activity level and environment perception among older adults
Authors: dos Santos Daniela Lopes , Barros Temistocles Vicente Pereira , Dornelles Nicanor , da Silva Barbara Sutil , Soares Patricia Fagundes , Backes Leonardo , Giacomini Mateus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Regular physical activity (PA) is associated to a decrease in morbidity and mortality and to a better quality of life. The environment has been shown as an important factor in the adoption of an active lifestyle, especially among the elderly, since it may be the difference between a dependent or independent living and a better health status. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between the PA level and the environment perception of the elderly from a city in southern Brazil.

Methods
Three neighborhoods of the city of Santa Maria, RS - Brazil were drawn to be part of the investigation, with low, medium and high socioeconomic levels. The sample had 202 subjects. An adapted version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for the Brazilian elderly (Mazo & Benedetti, 2010) was used to evaluate PA level and a Portuguese version of the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability Scale (Salvador et al, 2009) to evaluate environment perception. The statistical analyses were done by relative and absolute frequencies and logistic regression.

Results
The prevalence of adequate PA levels was inferior to 30% in the three studied neighborhoods and the average of minutes spent with PA per week was 63.14 (±115.15). From the 41 variables considered in the environment perception, four had a p &gt; 0.20 being selected for the multiple logistic regression model. The presences of fair and pedestrian crosswalks near home were the most influent factors on PA: the presence of fair increases 3.3 times the chance of the elderly being physically active and the crosswalks increase 2.7 times that chance.

Conclusion
A low prevalence of physically active elderly was observed in Santa Maria, which was also shown in other studies with similar samples. The variables that most positively influenced the older adults' PA levels were the presence of fair and pedestrian crosswalks, showing the importance of the creation and maintenance of environments that facilitate PA, as well as public policies that promote healthy and safe environments.