bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Developmental Toxicity Of Cyhalofop-butyl And Quizalofop-p-ethyl On The Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos
Authors: Liu Li , Wang Dongmei , Li Ping , Zhao Huan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides have the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, and safety to subsequent crops, and occupy an important position in the world herbicide market. Cyhalofop-butyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl are two representative herbicides, which are widely used in weed control. However, there is limited information on their combined toxicity to aquatic organisms. In this study, the developmental toxicity of cyhalofop-butyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl exposure in combination on zebrafish embryos was valuated to better understand the interaction between the that. The 96 h-LC50 (50% lethal concentration) of cyhalofop-butyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl on zebrafish embryos were 0.637 mg·L− 1 and 0.248 mg·L− 1, respectively. The combined effect of cyhalofop-butyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl was an antagonistic effect, and the 96 h-LC50 of zebrafish embryos was 1.043 mg·L− 1. Morphologically distinct pericardial edema and yolk cysts were observed after combined exposure, with significant effects on body length and heart rate in zebrafish embryos. At the same time, the mRNA levels of gene related to apoptosis and cardiac development also changed significantly. Therefore, we speculate that changes in genes related to apoptosis and cardiac development should be responsible for the abnormal development during embryonic development following co-exposure of cyhalofop-butyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl.
Chimney effect in karst vadose zone
Authors: Gabrovšek Franci 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Caves and their surrounding fracture systems in the vadose zone of karst regions host a unique atmospheric environment. Understanding airflow in these systems is critical to understanding the properties of the subsurface atmosphere and the chemical interactions between air, water, and rock. In caves with entrances at different altitudes, airflow is driven primarily by the density difference between the subsurface and the outside air, known as the chimney effect. In this work, I present and use a numerical model of a circular passage embedded and thermally coupled in a rock mass to discuss the relationship between airflow and changes in external temperature and passage geometry. As the outside air enters the subsurface, it approaches thermal equilibrium with the rock mass along a characteristic relaxation length. This determines the temperature and density contrast between the inside and outside air and the resulting driving pressure. In passages with non-uniform outlines and/or cross-sections, the relaxation length may depend on the flow direction, resulting in different airflow velocities in cold and warm periods for the same absolute temperature difference between the massif and the external temperature. In a passage with a V-shaped longitudinal profile, the airflow is driven solely by the nonzero relaxation length: during the cold season, even a small intrusion of outside air triggers feedback between the density imbalance between the two legs and the airflow. In the warm season, the system is at rest. The airflow pattern can also be altered by snow and ice. Heat transfer in the rock and the thermal inertia of the rock also change the relaxation lengths and cause hysteresis in the curve presenting the airflow velocity vs. temperature difference. Finally, an analytical approximation for driving pressure in a double-slope passage is derived, which gives more general relationships between the fundamental parameters and the airflow pattern.
Elevated blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for microglial activation and blood- brain barrier disruption in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Authors: Chang Haoxiao , Ma Jia , Feng Kai , Feng Ning , Wang Xinxin , Sun Jiali , Guo Tianshu , Wei Yuzhen , Xu Yun , Wang Huabing , Yin Linlin , Zhang Xinghu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune disease characterized by complex neuropsychiatric syndrome and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NMDAR antibodies. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been reported to be associated with inflammation of the CNS. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and the cluster of differentiation (CD44) were measured to evaluate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The roles of the microglia activation and disruption of BBB in anti-NMDAR encephalitis are not well known.
Findings:
In this work, we detected the increased expression level of CSF sTREM2, CSF and serum CD44, and serum MMP9 in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients, compared with control groups. CSF sTREM2 levels were positively related to both the CSF CD44 levels (r = 0.702, p < 0.0001) and serum MMP9 levels (r = 0.428, p = 0.021). In addition, CSF sTREM2 levels were related to the clinical parameters (mRS scale, r = 0.422, p = 0.023, and GCS scores, r=-0.401, p = 0.031).
Conclusion
The increased CSF sTREM2 levels and CD44, and MMP9 in serum or CSF showed evidence of the activated microglia and the disruption of BBB in anti-NMDAR encephalitis, expanding the understanding of the neuroinflammation in this disease. These factors mentioned above may be considered novel targets for intervention or novel potential diagnostic biomarkers.
Unsupervised domain adaptive semantic segmentation of road scenes based on positional adversarial learning
Authors: Shen Eric Z. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the unsupervised domain adaptive semantic segmentation task of urban road scene images, the existing adversarial learning-based cross-domain semantic segmentation methods tend to ignore the spatial location relationship in the image and perform adversarial at the level of the image as a whole, which leads to the convolutional neural network biased to extract the features of the main categories between two domains. The top, middle, and bottom parts of the road scene images have different categories and large differences in category shares, but the previous methods do not take full advantage of the spatial location structure of the images, nor do they consider the imbalance in the number of category shares in the dataset. In order to solve this problem, we propose the horizontal position blockwise and vertical position blockwise adversarial methods. By doing the adversarial loss within the chunk, the category closeness between domains can be made more detailed, and the imbalance in the number of categories in the dataset can be solved to some extent. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by experiments on the datasets GTA5 to Cityscapes and SYNTHIA to Cityscapes.
The Importance of Representing Economic Inequality Saliently and to Scale
Authors: Elbaek Christian T. , Mitkidis Panagiotis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Economic inequality is detrimental to modern societies, but support for redistributive policies tends to be low. Recent research has suggested that drawing individuals’ attention towards a group of wealthy individuals (vs. a single wealthy individual) can increase support for redistribution. However, a central prerequisite of such an argument is that individuals can actively comprehend the abstract size and difference in wealth between themselves and the wealthiest ones. Here, we propose that visualizing extreme wealth differences saliently can alter this effect, such that people increase support for redistribution, irrespective of whether this concerns a wealthy individual or a group of wealthy individuals. In a preregistered, nationally representative study across the U.S. (n = 1462), we find that representing economic inequality saliently and to scale, make individuals equally as likely to support redistributive policies irrespective of whether this concerns an individual or a group. Our findings provide clear suggestions for policy-making.
Land surface temperature variation in response to land use modes changes: a case of Mefou river sub‑basin (Southern Cameroon)
Authors: Ebode Valentin Brice 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Land surface temperatures (LST) estimation at the river sub-basin level is crucial for developing land use planning at the basin scale and beyond. The main goal of this study is to analyze the LST variations in response to land use modes (LUM) changes in the Mefou river sub-basin (Southern Cameroon), using geospatial techniques. To achieve this goal, We used Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (2000 and 2010) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)/Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) data for 2020. We also used the air surface temperatures data from Climate Research Unit (CRU) to validate the LST. Our results reveal that between 2000 and 2020, the Mefou watershed recorded significant changes in land use modes, which are mainly manifested by an increase in impervious areas (IA) (buildings and roads (+ 10%); bare soils and farmlands (+ 204.9%)) and forest reduction (-31.2). This decrease in the forest is also reflected in a reduction in the NDVI values, whose maximum values went from 0.47 in 2000 to 0.39 in 2020. Contrary to the forest area and the NDVI values, the LST of the investigated basin increased over the period studied. There is a strong negative correlation between LST and NDVI. In general, high LST correspond to low NDVI. For the years 2000, 2010 and 2020, the links between these two variables are materialized by respective correlation coefficients of -0.66, -0.74 and − 0.85. This study could contribute to the understanding of the impact of LUM changes on the local climate and would further provide assistance to the policymakers in regard to land use planning and climate change mitigation strategies.
Correlation Study of Science Process Skill and Critical Thinking Ability in Physics Education for Middle Adolescent
Authors: koswojo jane 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the correlation between Science Process Skills (SPS) and Critical Thinking Ability (CTA). The research method used is associative quantitative research with a correlational research design. The research instrument used was the SPS observation sheet which consisted of 13 statements, and the CTA test, which consisted of 5 statements. Respondents consisted of 53 students of class X in a high school in Surabaya. SPS observations are made when students do practical activities. CTA observations were obtained from the pre-test and post-test scores. SPS and CTA data were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The correlation between SPS and CTA shows a Pearson correlation of 0.741 and a significance of 0.000. This value indicates a strong correlation between SPS and CTA. Therefore, students with high SPS tend to have high CTA. The results of this study can be used as a guide for future scientific process skills research on CTA.
A novel self-adaptive nonlinear discrete grey model based on non-homogeneous index sequence and its application
Authors: Tang Xiaozhong , Xie Naiming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
while NGBM(1,1) model has been successfully used in various fields,there are still some limitations in NGBM(1,1) model: First, the existing NGBM(1,1) model family is all based on the assumption that some adjustable parameters are known, which reduced the prediction performance of the NGBM(1,1) model family. Then, the leap error from the differential to difference still exists in many NGBM(1,1) models.Moreover, most of the existing NGBM(1,1) models were constructed on the hypothesis that the raw data obey the homogeneous exponential trend. To address these problem, this paper aims to construct a novel self-adaptive nonlinear discrete grey model based on nonhomogeneous index sequence by combining nonhomogeneous discrete grey model with NGBM(1,1) model (abbreviated as SNNDGM(1,1)). Improvements in the proposed model have the following features: Firstly, the new proposed model can effectively eliminate the discretization error of NGBM(1,1) model.Secondly, The new proposed model effectively improves the prediction accuracy of the NGBM(1,1) model by removing the aforementioned modeling assumptions. Thirdly, a new multi-parameter simultaneous optimization scheme based on the firefly algorithm is designed to improve the parameter estimation accuracy. Last but not least, Sobol’s method is used to investigate the mechanism of the adjustable parameters in the SNNDGM(1,1) model, which provides an important basis for model parameter calibration.Two classic numerical cases are introduced to confirm the effectiveness of the new proposed model. Comparisons show that SNNDGM(1,1) model has the highest prediction accuracy. Based on industrial electricity consumption from 2010 to 2019, SNNDGM(1,1) model is constructed to predict the industrial electricity consumption of Anhui Province in China from 2020 to 2024. The results show that industry electricity consumption in Anhui Province maintains a continuous increase, reaching 165.25568 billion kwh in 2024, while the annual growth rate decreases to 3.45%, which provides important information for the decision-making of Anhui electric power department.
Desglobalización y cooperación internacional hacia la tercera década del en el siglo XXI
Authors: Aguilar Estrada Ambar 
Published: October 2022

El complejo escenario internacional del Siglo XXI ha puesto en jaque los procesos de cooperación entre los Estados y ralentiza el motor de la acumulación de capital a escala mundial. La pandemia del COVID-19 ha puesto de relieve una fase descendente del ciclo económico y del proceso de globalización, aunado a un rampante proteccionismo entre los Estados, mismo que ya mostraba su origen desde la crisis de 2008 y que se intensificó a partir de la recesión de principios del 2018, agravada en 2020 por las restricciones a la movilidad y las medidas generales adoptadas para frenar los contagios del letal coronavirus. Todo ello, ha ido reduciendo la interdependencia económica de los países dando pie a un fenómeno que bien puede ser definido como desglobalización. Todas estas cuestiones son tratadas en el libro titulado Desglobalización y Análisis del Sistema de Cooperación Internacional desde una Perspectiva Crítica, coordinado por Giuseppe Lo Brutto y Rafael Domínguez, en el que se discute la idea del avance hacia un régimen de cooperación Sur-Sur que parece ser la oportunidad para dar un giro a la economía política mundial y a las relaciones internacionales, respondiendo a las necesidades sociohistóricas de las regiones menos desarrolladas y buscando el respeto a la soberanía de los Estados del Sur global en su búsqueda de mayor autonomía y beneficio mutuo.
Palabras clave: Cooperación; Estados; Recesión; Desglobalización; Sur.
La interrelación entre innovación, agencias reguladoras de medicamentos y emergencias sanitarias: ¿necesitamos estar preparados para la próxima pandemia?
Authors: Romeu Belkis , Vazquez Javier E. 
Published: October 2022

La regulación sanitaria frecuentemente es vista como un proceso unilateral solamente encargado de autorizar si puede comercializarse un medicamento, biológico, equipo o dispositivo médico o no. El actual desarrollo de la innovación, la globalización y las amenazas sanitarias está obligando a los sistemas de regulación a enfrentarse a un ambiente cambiante. La integración a la nueva realidad del mercado de medicamentos se enfoca hacia la necesidad de adaptar metodologías que propicien un aprendizaje continuo y escalonado dentro del proceso regulatorio, así como su capacidad de anticipación estratégica. Este artículo comparte algunas reflexiones sobre la importancia de contar con un mecanismo adaptativo y planificado para emergencias sanitarias, con revisiones periódicas y que se inserte en los procesos regulatorios automáticos desarrollados por cada agencia reguladora nacional. Este aspecto, visto como parte integral del sistema, propicia una mayor inserción de la innovación, la colaboración regulatoria internacional, la convergencia facilitando la respuesta de la agencia reguladora ante una pandemia y el acceso de productos sanitarios seguros de forma inmediata.
Palabras clave: Regulación Sanitaria; Pandemia; Innovación Científica; Medicamentos; Cooperación Internacional; Emergencia Sanitaria.
Facilitation of interspecies electron transfer in anaerobic processes through pine needle biochar
Authors: Mohan Chander , Annachhatre Ajit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Role of biochar in promoting methanogenesis during anaerobic processes was investigated in this research. Biochar produced from Himalayan pine needles was used as medium for conductive material mediated interspecies electron transfer (CM-IET) amongst the electron producing microorganisms and electron consuming methanogenic archaea. Three anaerobic continuous stirrer tank reactors (CSTRs) with 0, 5 and 10 g/L pine needle biochar (PNB) were operated at steady state organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.0–2.5 kgCOD/(m3.d). R0 (0 g/L PNB), representing indirect interspecies electron transfer (IIET), failed at an OLR of 2.0 kgCOD/(m3.d) due to the highest volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration of 6,300 mg/L among the three CSTRs. On the other hand, at an OLR of 2.5 kgCOD/(m3.d), R2 (10 g/L PNB) showed the most superior performance with chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 55% and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration of 3,500 mg/L, while R1 (5 g/L PNB) recorded COD removal of 45% and VFA concentration of 4,400 mg/L. In comparison, fixed biofilm reactor (FBR) with 80 g/L of PNB as support material operated satisfactorily at OLR of 13.8 kgCOD/(m3.d) with 70% COD removal and VFA concentration of 1,400 mg/L. These investigations confirmed the beneficial role of biochar in anaerobic processes by promoting CM-IET amongst VFA degrading bacteria and methane producing archaea.
Improved nitrogen removal efficiency by implementation of intermittent aeration
Authors: Srb M. , Lánský M. , Charvátová L. , Koubová J. , Pecl R. , Sýkora P. , Rosický J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The aim of the paper was to verify the possibility of using intermittent aeration to decrease outflow total nitrogen concentrations in municipal WWTPs of different capacities (15,780, 23,000 and 806,250 PE). A simple time-based intermittent aeration control was used in the experimental work. The results of WWTPs are compared with each other and with literature sources. The use of intermittent aeration led to a significant decrease of outflow total nitrogen concentration by up to 57% without the need of additional investment costs or the increase of operating costs. Nitrification kinetic tests and fluorescence in-situ hybridization observations proved that intermittent aeration has no negative impact on nitrifiers. The results proved that it is possible to utilize intermittent aeration for treatment plants initially designed with permanent aeration of nitrification sections if the current load is lower than the designed capacity. A necessary prerequisite for successful implementation of intermittent aeration is sufficient blower power. Although the time-based control is very simple and inexpensive to implement, the results are comparable to more complex systems such as systems based on rule-based systems for N-NH4+ and N-NO3− concentrations, on fuzzy logic or on mathematical models.
High Density Lipoprotein: Are Elevated Levels Desirable and Achievable?
Authors: Bisgaier Charles L. , Pape Michael E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
In this review we focus on addressing two questions concerning high density lipoproteins (HDL). First, are elevated levels of HDL a desirable clinical plasma endpoint .>?: and secondly, if so, can strategies be devised that would allow the identification of agents •.• ef
to elevate HDL. To address the first question we briefly review the human epidemiologic ,., .._,,; • "'.
and prospective data that identifies HDL as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). •• ....
To introduce HDL elevating strategies, we next provide a brief review of the structural and enzymatic features of HDL followed by a discussion on the current thinking of the metabolic origin of the lipoprotein. We then turn to discussions on the key plasma and cell associated proteins involved in the synthesis, catabolism, and remodeling of HDL by analyzing data derived from human mutations, genetically engineered animal models with altered HDL metabolism and in vitro experimental systems. Lastly, we propose approaches to raise HDL that are either based on identification of small organic molecules or more unconventional approaches such as gene therapy or delivery of biologicals into plasma. This last section is based on an evaluation of the putative mechanism of actions of both old and new HDL elevating compounds. Our review concludes with an optimistic view that agents can be identified which may have promise in the treatment of human hypoalphalipoproteinemia andCHD.
Recent Developments in Tetracycline Antibiotics
Authors: Sum P.E. , Sum F.W. , Projan S.J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
The rapid emergence of pathogenic bacteria resistant to tetracyclines and other currently available antibiotics has caused serious concern among medical professionals. It has heightened resurgent interest in studying the mechanisms of resistance and in developing new antibiotics. A comprehensive review has outlined the developments of tetracyclines prior to 1980 (47]. This review will highlight the pertinent advances in the tetracycline field during the last two decades, including recent progress on elucidating the mechanisms of resistance, and the development of novel tet­
racyclines to combat bacterial resistance. Most of the new tetracycline derivatives described in this review have been either prepared semisynthetically or isolated from entation. In the semisynthetic area, efflux inhibitors that are effective in an in vitro model have been identified. A new class of tetracyclines, named glycylcyclines has been the subject of numerous reports, and will be the major focus of this review. The glycylcyclines are currently the only derivatives that exhibit antibacterial activity comparable to that of the early tetracyclines when they were first introduced. These compounds show potent activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including strains that carry the two major tetracycline­ resistance determinants, efflux and ribosomal protection. Two of the glycylcycline derivatives, DMG-MINO and DMG-DMDOT, have been studied by several groups of investigators against a large number of clinical pathogens isolated from various sources. The spectrum of activity of these compounds includes organisms with resistance to antibiotics other than tetracyclines, e.g., methicillin-resistant staphylococci, penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Their in vitro, as well as in vivo activity against bacteria with characterized tetracycline- or minocycline-resistant elements will be summarized. The structure-activity relationships of glycylcyclines and their mode of action will also be discussed.