bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted efforts are more effective than combined approaches for sampling two rare carnivores
Authors: Golding Jessie D. , Davis Cory R. , Lamar Luke , Tomson Scott , Lewis Carly , Pilgrim Kristy , Ruby Mark , Mayernik Mike , Mckelvey Kevin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVerifying the abundance and distribution of species of conservation concern is necessary for land management agencies to determine potential impacts of management actions and for monitoring long‐term population trends. In the Rocky Mountains of the United States, Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) and wolverine (Gulo gulo) are currently species of management importance for federal land management agencies. Optimal winter methods for detecting the 2 species differ in that wolverines are generally detected using bait stations and lynx are most efficiently detected through snow‐track encounters. There has been interest in value‐added approaches such as observing track encounters while traveling to and from bait stations, to improve multispecies detection probabilities. To estimate the value of adding a track survey to bait station travel (referred to as en route surveys) compared to a stand‐alone snow track survey, we conducted both types of surveys in an area where bait stations were located in western Montana, known as the Southwestern Crown of the Continent, from 2013–2016. We collected genetic data (backtracking to genetic material once a track was encountered) and recorded the distance surveyed from both types of track surveys. Our results showed that stand‐alone track surveys were more efficient for detecting lynx than en route surveys in 2015 and 2016 and that there was no difference in track survey efficacy for wolverines across all survey years. In addition, for wolverine, both types of track surveys detected only 3 additional individuals not identified from bait stations (33 individuals total), suggesting that bait stations were the more effective method to detect wolverines. The opposite was true for lynx, with only 5 of 39 individuals identified during the study detected only from bait stations and not by track surveys (4 males and 1 female). In addition, distance surveyed during track surveys was a significant predictor of detection for both species. Our results suggest that ecology and behavior should be considered when designing noninvasive surveys for multiple target species and that complimentary and concurrent, but separate, efforts are likely more efficient for detecting species with differences in ecology and behavior.
The effect of the ratio of the radius of the hole and crack length on the multi‐field behaviors of thermoelectric materials under oblique loads
Authors: Jiang Dongdong , Zhou Yue‐Ting , Li Fenjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper establishes a defect model of thermoelectric materials that the oblique multi‐field loads are applied along an arbitrary direction with the crack initiated from a circular hole, and gives both analytical solutions and finite element method (FEM) simulation. On the one hand, in virtue of the conformal mapping function and the Cauchy integral formula, the analytical solutions of electric current density, energy flux, and stress are obtained. Furthermore, the thermoelectric field intensity factors (TEIFs) and the stress intensity factors are also attained. Most notably, we apply the extreme value theorem of multivariate function to explore the effect of the ratio of the radius of the hole, R, and crack length, L, on the fields’ intensity factors of thermoelectric materials under oblique multi‐field loads. Importantly, the maximum value of the mode‐II stress intensity factor (SIF) is obtained when . On the other hand, the finite element simulation is used to explore the fracture behaviors of thermoelectric materials. The analytical solutions and the finite element simulation results are consistent. The effects of the oblique multi‐field loads on the thermoelectric field and the stress field at the crack tip are detailed. The concentration phenomenon of the thermoelectric field and the stress field at the crack tip are influenced by the radius of the circular hole, the crack length, and the directions of the loads.
Triple-product asymmetry in the radiative two-pion tau decay
Authors: Chen Cheng , Duan Chun-Gui , Guo Zhi-Hui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, we perform a detailed study of the τ− → π−π0γν decay process within the resonance chiral theory. We pay special attention to the triple-product asymmetry in the τ− → π−π0γν process. The minimal resonance chiral Lagrangian and the odd-intrinsic parity resonance operators are simultaneously included to calculate the decay amplitudes. Various invariant-mass distributions in the π−π0, π−γ and π0γ systems are studied and they reveal different resonance dynamics. We further predict the intriguing nonzero triple-product asymmetry distributions, which may provide useful guidelines for future experimental measurements conducted at the Belle-II and super tau-charm facilities.
Wick and Anti-Wick Characterizations of Linear Operators on Spaces of Power Series Expansions
Authors: Toft Joachim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study links between Wick, anti-Wick and analytic kernel operators on the Bargmann transform side. We consider classes of kernels, whose corresponding operators agree with the sets of linear and continuous operators on spaces of power series expansions, which are Bargmann images of Pilipović spaces. We show that in several situations, the sets of Wick and kernel operators with symbols and kernels in such classes agree. We also find suitable subclasses to these kernel classes, whose corresponding sets of Wick and anti-Wick operators agree. We also show ring, module and composition properties for such classes.
Parental inputs and socio-economic gaps in early child development
Authors: Macmillan Lindsey , Tominey Emma 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAround 1 in 5 individuals in OECD countries leave school without basic qualifications, impacting their own later life outcomes and those of their children. We document the impact of a compulsory schooling reform in England, which raised the education of the marginal mother from leaving school with no qualifications to having at least a basic level of qualifications, on their children’s cognitive and socio-emotional outcomes in childhood. We further estimate the causal effect of this reform on a range of parental inputs, which we show are associated with children’s human capital development. Our results suggest that family resources and parental investments, including health behaviours during pregnancy and monetary investments at home, are causally impacted by the educational reform and, when coupled with their association with human capital, can each explain between 12 and 60% of the effect of the reform on the second generation’s skills.
Molecular Quantity Variations in Human-Mandibular-Bone Osteoid
Authors: Palander Anni , Fauch Laure , Turunen Mikael J. , Dekker Hannah , Schulten Engelbert A. J. M. , Koistinen Arto , Bravenboer Nathalie , Kullaa Arja 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOsteoid is a layer of new-formed bone that is deposited on the bone border during the process of new bone formation. This deposition process is crucial for bone tissue, and flaws in it can lead to bone diseases. Certain bone diseases, i.e. medication related osteonecrosis, are overexpressed in mandibular bone. Because mandibular bone presents different properties than other bone types, the data concerning osteoid formation in other bones are inapplicable for human-mandibular bone. Previously, the molecular distribution of other bone types has been presented using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. However, the spatial distribution of molecular components of healthy-human-mandibular-bone osteoid in relation to histologic landmarks has not been previously presented and needs to be studied in order to understand diseases that occur human-mandibular bone. This study presents for the first time the variation in molecular distribution inside healthy-human-mandibular-bone osteoid by juxtaposing FTIR data with its corresponding histologic image obtained by autofluorescence imaging of its same bone section. During new bone formation, bone-forming cells produce an osteoid constituted primarily of type I collagen. It was observed that in mandibular bone, the collagen type I increases from the osteoblast line with the distance from the osteoblasts, indicating progressive accumulation of collagen during osteoid formation. Only later inside the collagen matrix, the osteoid starts to mineralize. When the mineralization starts, the collagen accumulation diminishes whereas the collagen maturation still continues. This chemical-apposition process in healthy mandibular bone will be used in future as a reference to understand different pathologic conditions that occur in human-mandibular bone.
Deep learning for standardized, MRI-based quantification of subcutaneous and subfascial tissue volume for patients with lipedema and lymphedema
Authors: Nowak Sebastian , Henkel Andreas , Theis Maike , Luetkens Julian , Geiger Sergej , Sprinkart Alois M. , Pieper Claus C. , Attenberger Ulrike I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To contribute to a more in-depth assessment of shape, volume, and asymmetry of the lower extremities in patients with lipedema or lymphedema utilizing volume information from MR imaging.

Methods
A deep learning (DL) pipeline was developed including (i) localization of anatomical landmarks (femoral heads, symphysis, knees, ankles) and (ii) quality-assured tissue segmentation to enable standardized quantification of subcutaneous (SCT) and subfascial tissue (SFT) volumes. The retrospectively derived dataset for method development consisted of 45 patients (42 female, 44.2 ± 14.8 years) who underwent clinical 3D DIXON MR-lymphangiography examinations of the lower extremities. Five-fold cross-validated training was performed on 16,573 axial slices from 40 patients and testing on 2187 axial slices from 5 patients. For landmark detection, two EfficientNet-B1 convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were applied in an ensemble. One determines the relative foot-head position of each axial slice with respect to the landmarks by regression, the other identifies all landmarks in coronal reconstructed slices using keypoint detection. After landmark detection, segmentation of SCT and SFT was performed on axial slices employing a U-Net architecture with EfficientNet-B1 as encoder. Finally, the determined landmarks were used for standardized analysis and visualization of tissue volume, distribution, and symmetry, independent of leg length, slice thickness, and patient position.

Results
Excellent test results were observed for landmark detection (z-deviation = 4.5 ± 3.1 mm) and segmentation (Dice score: SCT = 0.989 ± 0.004, SFT = 0.994 ± 0.002).

Conclusions
The proposed DL pipeline allows for standardized analysis of tissue volume and distribution and may assist in diagnosis of lipedema and lymphedema or monitoring of conservative and surgical treatments.

Key Points
• Efficient use of volume information that MRI inherently provides can be extracted automatically by deep learning and enables in-depth assessment of tissue volumes in lipedema and lymphedema.
• The deep learning pipeline consisting of body part regression, keypoint detection, and quality-assured tissue segmentation provides detailed information about the volume, distribution, and asymmetry of lower extremity tissues, independent of leg length, slice thickness, and patient position.
Acclimation to water stress improves tolerance to heat and freezing in a common alpine grass
Authors: Sumner Emma E. , Williamson Virginia G. , Gleadow Roslyn M. , Wevill Tricia , Venn Susanna E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlpine plants in Australia are increasingly exposed to more frequent drought and heatwaves, with significant consequences for physiological stress responses. Acclimation is a critical feature that allows plants to improve tolerance to environmental extremes by directly altering their physiology or morphology. Yet it is unclear how plant performance, tolerance, and recovery are affected when heat and water stress co-occur, and whether prior exposure affects responses to subsequent climate extremes. We grew a common alpine grass species under high or low watering treatments for three weeks before exposure to either none, one, or two heat stress events. We determined photosynthetic heat and freezing tolerance (LT50, mean temperature causing 50% irreversible damage to photosystem II) and growth. Physiological adjustments to low watering, including more negative water potentials and reduced growth, were also characterised by improved tolerance to high and low-temperature extremes. Shifts to higher heat tolerance were also evident with increasing exposure to heat stress events, though freezing tolerance was not affected. Acclimation effects were mostly short-term, however; prior exposure to heat and/or water stress had little to no effect on growth and thermal tolerance following the six-week recovery period. We conclude that rapid acclimation to water and heat stress that co-occur during summer enhances the capacity of alpine plants to tolerate increasingly frequent temperature extremes.
Kidney outcomes in early adolescence following perinatal asphyxia and hypothermia-treated hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Robertsson Grossmann Katarina , Vishnevskaya Liya , Diaz Ruiz Sandra , Kublickiene Karolina , Bárány Peter , Blennow Mats , Chromek Milan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains common among infants with hypothermia-treated hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Little is known about long-term kidney outcomes following hypothermia treatment. We recently reported that 21% of survivors of hypothermia-treated HIE had decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on plasma creatinine in early adolescence. Here, we assessed kidney functions more comprehensively in our population-based cohort of children born in Stockholm 2007–2009 with a history of hypothermia-treated HIE.

Methods
At 10–12 years of age, we measured cystatin C (cyst C) to estimate GFR. Children with decreased cyst C eGFR also underwent iohexol clearance examination. We measured urine-albumin/creatinine ratio, blood pressure (BP) and kidney volume on magnetic resonance imaging. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF 23) levels in plasma were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Outcomes were compared between children with and without a history of neonatal AKI.

Results
Forty-seven children participated in the assessment. Two children (2/42) had decreased cyst C eGFR, for one of whom iohexol clearance confirmed mildly decreased GFR. One child (1/43) had Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) category A2 albuminuria, and three (3/45) had elevated office BP. Subsequent ambulatory 24-h BP measurement confirmed high normal BP in one case only. No child had hypertension. Kidney volume and FGF 23 levels were normal in all children. There was no difference in any of the parameters between children with and without a history of neonatal AKI.

Conclusion
Renal sequelae were rare in early adolescence following hypothermia-treated HIE regardless of presence or absence of neonatal AKI.

Graphical abstract
Venous injection of a triphasic calcium-based implant in a sheep model of pulmonary embolism demonstrates minimal acute systemic effects
Authors: Constant Caroline , Stroncek John D. , Zeiter Stephan , Arens Daniel , Nehrbass Dirk , Gehweiler Dominic , Menzel Ursula , Benneker Lorin M. , Hill Ronald S. , Albers Christoph E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Implant leakage is the most common complication of vertebral augmentation. Alternative injectable materials must demonstrate intravascular safety comparable to or better than polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). This study assessed the systemic effects of a triphasic calcium-based implant or PMMA injected directly into the femoral vein in a large animal model designed to mimic severe intravascular implant leakage.

Methods
Six skeletally mature female sheep were randomly assigned (n = 3) to either the PMMA or the triphasic implant (AGN1, composition: calcium sulfate, β-tricalcium phosphate, brushite) treatment group. Femoral veins of each sheep were directly injected with 0.5 mL of implant material to mimic leakage volumes reported during PMMA vertebroplasty. To compare acute systemic effects of the materials, cardiovascular parameters, laboratory coagulation markers, and calcium and sulfate serum levels were monitored for 60 min after implant injection. Thrombotic and embolic events were evaluated by radiologic imaging, necropsy, and histopathology.

Results
Heart rate, systemic arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygenation, arterial carbon dioxide content, and coagulation markers remained within physiological range after either AGN1 or PMMA injection. No blood flow interruption in the larger pulmonary vessels was observed in either group. Lung histopathology revealed that the severity of thrombotic changes after AGN1 injection was minimal to slight, while changes after PMMA injection were minimal to massive.

Conclusion
Acute systemic effects of intravascular AGN1 appeared to be comparable to or less than that of intravascular PMMA. Furthermore, in this preliminary study, the severity and incidence of pulmonary histological changes were lower for AGN1 compared to PMMA.
Microbiota mitochondria disorders as hubs for early age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Fehér János , Élő Ágnes , István Lilla , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Radák Zsolt , Scuderi Gianluca , Artico Marco , Kovács Illés 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the central area (macula lutea) of the retina. Research on the pathogenic mechanism of AMD showed complex cellular contribution governed by such risk factors as aging, genetic predisposition, diet, and lifestyle. Recent studies suggested that microbiota is a transducer and a modifier of risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondria may be one of the intracellular targets of microbial signaling molecules. This review explores studies supporting a new concept on the contribution of microbiota—mitochondria disorders to AMD. We discuss metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanism in AMD as well as key alterations of photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch’s membrane, choriocapillaris endothelial, immune, and neuronal cells. Special attention was paid to alterations of mitochondria contact sites (MCSs), an organelle network of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets (LDs), and peroxisomes being documented based on our own electron microscopic findings from surgically removed human eyes. Morphometry of Bruch’s membrane lipids and proteoglycans has also been performed in early AMD and aged controls. Microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, polyphenols, and secondary bile acids) and microbial compounds (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and bacterial DNA)—now called postbiotics—in addition to local effects on resident microbiota and mucous membrane, regulate systemic metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanisms in normal conditions and in various common diseases. We also discuss their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects as well as experimental and clinical observations on regulating the main processes of photoreceptor renewal, mitophagy, and autophagy in early AMD. These findings support an emerging concept that microbiota-mitochondria disorders may be a crucial pathogenic mechanism of early AMD; and similarly, to other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, new treatment approaches should be targeted at these disorders.
Texture and Grain Boundary Network Evolution of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processed Pure Ni During Post-printing Annealing
Authors: Beladi Hossein , Torbati-Sarraf Hamidreza , Rohrer Gregory S. , Poorganji Behrang , Torbati-Sarraf Seyed Alireza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Commercially pure Ni was additively manufactured using laser powder bed fusion. The printed specimens were then subjected to annealing treatments in a range of 700 °C to 1200 °C to investigate the evolution of the microstructure using electron backscatter diffraction mapping and a five-parameter analysis of the grain boundary character distribution. The post-printing annealing treatment resulted in microstructural changes in respect to grain shape and size, the grain boundary character distribution and the overall texture. However, the extent of these changes strongly depended on the annealing temperature. The grain structure and overall texture changed only modestly when annealed below 900 °C. The grains grew by about 10 pct and this led to a small (≈ 15 pct) increase in the areas of boundaries with low energy (111) planes at the expense of higher energy grain boundary planes with the (001) orientation. Static recrystallization was the dominant microstructure evolution mechanism at annealing temperatures greater than 1000 °C, where new equiaxed grains replaced the initial printed microstructure, enhancing the relative areas of low energy grain boundaries (i.e.,

$$\sum 3$$

∑
3

and

$$\sum 9$$

∑
9

) by a factor of more than five. This change increased the population of boundaries with the low energy (111) plane by a factor of five and decreased the strength of the texture by more than 50 pct through twinning. The resultant microstructure is expected to ultimately improve the material properties, where the increase in the relative areas of

$$\sum 3$$

∑
3

boundaries would enhance the corrosion resistance and fracture toughness of material, and the texture weakening diminishes the anisotropy in mechanical behaviour.
Impact of sleeve gastrectomy compared to Roux-en-y gastric bypass upon hedonic hunger and the relationship to post-operative weight loss
Authors: Makaronidis Janine Maria , Pucci Andrea , Adamo Marco , Jenkinson Andrew , Elkalaawy Mohamed , Batterham Rachel Louise 
Published: August 2022

Abstract‘Hedonic hunger’ indicates the desire to consume food in the absence of an energy requirement. Hedonic hunger can be investigated using the validated Power of Food Scale (PFS). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are currently the most effective treatment options for severe obesity. Following RYGB, hedonic hunger diminishes, which may contribute to sustained weight loss. There are no data examining the effect of SG on hedonic hunger. We prospectively evaluated hedonic hunger using PFS in patients with severe obesity prior to and 6 months after SG (n = 95) or RYGB (n = 44) and investigated the procedure-specific relationship between percentage weight loss (%WL) and hedonic hunger. Anthropometric data were collected at baseline after 6 months, 12 months and 24 months post-operatively. PFS contains 15 items grouped into 3 domains considering when food is: available (FA), present (FP), tasted (FT) and a total score (TS). At 6 months, a significant reduction was seen in all categories post-SG (p < 0.0001) and in TS (p = 0.003), FA (p = 0.0006) and FP (p = 0.0007) post-RYGB. A significantly larger reduction in FP scores was seen post-SG (p = 0.01). Post-SG, a significant correlation with 6-month %WL was noted for changes in FP (p = 0.03) and TS (p = 0.03). Post-SG changes in FP and TS predicted 24-month %WL. Post-RYGB significant correlations were seen between 6-month %WL and dFA (p = 0.04) and dFP (p = 0.03). Changes in FA, FP and TS were predictive of 12-month %WL. HH is reduced following both SG and RYGB with a greater reduction following SG and is related to post-operative %WL. PFS may have a role as a predictive tool for post-operative outcomes following SG and RYGB.