bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BET protein inhibition in macrophages enhances dorsal root ganglion neurite outgrowth in female mice
Authors: Palomés‐Borrajo Georgina , Navarro Xavier , Penas Clara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPeripheral nerve regeneration is limited after injury, especially in humans, due to the large distance the axons have to grow in the limbs. This process is highly dependent on the expression of neuroinflammatory factors produced by macrophages and glial cells. Given the importance of the epigenetic BET proteins on inflammation, we aimed to ascertain if BET inhibition may have an effect on axonal outgrowth. For this purpose, we treated female mice with JQ1 or vehicle after sciatic nerve crush injury and analyzed target reinnervation. We also used dorsal root ganglion (DRG) culture explants to analyze the effects of direct BET inhibition or treatment with conditioned medium from BET‐inhibited macrophages. We observed that although JQ1 produced an enhancement of IL‐4, IL‐13, and GAP43 expression, it did not have an effect on sensory or motor reinnervation after crush injury in vivo. In contrast, JQ1 reduced neurite growth when interacting directly with DRG neurons ex vivo, whereas conditioned medium from JQ1‐treated macrophages promoted neurite outgrowth. Therefore, BET‐inhibited macrophages secrete pro‐regenerative factors that induce neurite outgrowth, and that may counteract the direct inhibition of BET proteins in neurons in vivo. Finally, we observed an activation of the STAT6 pathway in DRG explants treated with conditioned medium from JQ1‐treated macrophages. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that BET protein inhibition in macrophages provides a mechanism to enhance axonal outgrowth. However, specific targeting of BET proteins to macrophages will be needed to efficiently enhance functional recovery after nerve injury.
Sous vide processing: a viable approach for the assurance of microbial food safety
Authors: Onyeaka Helen , Nwabor Ozioma , Jang Siwon , Obileke KeChrist , Hart Abarasi , Anumudu Christian , Miri Taghi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs consumer needs change, innovative food processing techniques are being developed that have minimal impact on food quality and ensure its microbiological safety. Sous vide (SV) is an emerging technology of cooking foods in vacuum pouches at specific temperatures, which results in even heat distribution. Presented here is an overview of the current state of the art in the application of SV techniques for processing and preserving foods. Unlike the conventional thermal food processing approach, the precise nature of the SV method improves food quality, nutrition and shelf‐life while destroying microorganisms. Foods processed by SV are usually subjected to temperatures between 50 and 100 °C. Although sufficient for food preparation/processing, its effectiveness in eliminating microbial pathogens, including viruses, parasites, vegetative and spore forms of bacteria, is limited. However, the inactivation of spore‐forming microbes can be enhanced by combining the technique with other non‐thermal methods that exert negligible impact on the nutritional, flavour and sensory characteristics of foods. In addition to exploring the mechanism of action of SV technology, the challenges related to its implementation in the food industry are also discussed. SV method potential, applications, and impacts on spore‐forming microbes and spore inactivation are explored in this review. Through the debate and discussion presented, further research and industrial applications of this food processing method could be guided. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Statistical investigation of the bioprocess conditions of alkali combined twin‐screw extrusion pretreatment to enhance fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis of bulgur bran
Authors: Yağcı Sibel , Sutay Kocabaş Didem , Çalışkan Rukiye , Özbek Hatice Neval 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBulgur bran (BB) is a potential source for the production of value‐added products such as fermentable sugars and xylooligosaccharides (XOs). In this study, alkali combined twin‐screw extrusion pretreatment was performed and statistically optimized to enhance fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis of BB. The pretreatment conditions (barrel temperature, screw speed and alkali impregnation) were optimized by Box–Behnken design (BBD) to obtain the highest hemicellulose separation from BB. The obtained fractions were analyzed for the production of fermentable sugars and XOs.RESULTSThe results revealed that twin‐screw extrusion of BB performed at 67 °C barrel temperature and 250 rpm screw speed after alkali impregnation at 0.02 g alkali g−1 biomass concentration provided 40.4% higher hemicellulose separation yield compared to the untreated BB. Alkali combined twin‐screw extrusion pretreatment increased the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of BB fourfold, whereas a 13‐fold increase was achieved after the separation of hemicellulose from pretreated BB. Xylose (X1)‐free xylobiose (X2) was the main product after xylanase hydrolysis of hemicellulose fraction. SEM images confirmed the morphological modifications in BB, which were in agreement with the enhanced fractionation performance and the higher enzymatic hydrolysis yield.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study suggested that pretreatment by alkali combined twin‐screw extrusion followed by alkali extraction could be a reliable and effective process for fractionation of BB and production of fermentable sugars and XOs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Zein enhanced the digestive stability of five citrus flavonoids via different binding interaction
Authors: Li Wenfeng , Zhang Xiaohua , Tan Si , Li Xueping , Gu Mengyuan , Tang Mengqi , Zhao Xin , Wu Yingmei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDZein is commonly used to construct food flavonoid delivery systems. This study investigated the effect and mechanism of zein on the digestive stability of five citrus flavonoids, namely hesperetin (HET), hesperidin (HED), neohesperidin (NHD), naringenin (NEN), and naringin (NIN).RESULTSZein enhanced the digestive stability of the five citrus flavonoids, especially that of HET and NEN, during digestion in the stomach and small intestine. Fluorescence spectroscopy results suggested that citrus flavonoids spontaneously quenched the endogenous fluorescence of zein in static quenching mode. The binding of HET, HED and NHD to zein was driven respectively by electrostatic, hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction. However, Van der Waals' force and hydrogen (H)‐bond interaction represented the primary driving force for binding NEN, and NIN to zein to form complexes. The binding of the five citrus flavonoids to zein also caused a diverse bathochromic shift in ultraviolet absorbance. Analysis using Fourier‐transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the binding behavior of the five citrus flavonoids had different effects on changes in the secondary structures, disulfide bonds, and tyrosine exposure of zein. The results were also partially verified by molecular dynamic simulation.CONCLUSIONSZein enhanced the digestive stability of the five citrus flavonoids via different binding interactions that was due to the difference in molecular structure of citrus flavonoids. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of a layered bacterial nanocellulose‐PHBV composite for food packaging
Authors: A G Soares da Silva Francisco , Matos Mariana , Dourado Fernando , A M Reis Maria , C Branco Pedro , Poças Fátima , Gama Miguel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost of the current materials used in food packaging are synthetic and non‐degradable, raising environmental issues derived from the accumulation of plastics in landfills/waterways. The food industry increasingly needs eco‐friendly sustainable materials that meet food‐packaging requirements. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a biopolymer obtained by fermentation, offers very good mechanical properties and the ability to carry and deliver active substances. However, its water‐vapor permeability is too high for food‐packaging applications. In this work, a layered biodegradable composite based on BNC and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHBV) was produced, attempting to improve its overall barrier properties. Polyhydroxyalkanoate is a biopolymer with high degree of hydrophobicity and biodegradability, and is also obtained by fermentation. Wet BNC membranes produced by static culture were plasticized by impregnation of solutions of either glycerol (BNCgly) or polyethylene glycol (MW600) (BNCPEG). The plasticized BNC was then coated with PHBV solution dissolved in formic acid, and oven dried at 148 °C.RESULTSOverall, PHBV coating on plasticized BNC reduced water vapor permeability significantly (from 0.990 to 0.032 g.μm.m−2.day−1.Pa−1) under 50% relative humidity. It increased the hydrophobicity (contact angle from 10–40° to 80–90°) but decreased the stiffness (from 3.1 GPa to 1.3 Gpa) of the composite.CONCLUSIONSOverall, the mechanical and barrier properties of the layered composite obtained were considered suitable for food‐packaging applications. The plasticizing (with glycerol or polyethylene glycol) of BNC significantly improved the mechanical performance and the PHBV coating reduced the water affinity (vapor and liquid state) on BNC. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Study on sampling scheme for detecting mycotoxin during wheat storage
Authors: Yi Yanjie , Fan Kun , Shan Youtian , Fu Qianzhen , Zhou Xianqing , Zhang Yurong , Zhang Huiru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDMycotoxin produced by mould is one of the most serious contamination sources in food security. Safe storage of grain has become more important to control food security. Currently, there is no officially approved or standardized sampling scheme for detecting mycotoxin in grain storage worldwide.RESULTSIn this study, deoxynivalenol (DON) was taken as a typical mycotoxin in stored wheat to be detected. Population density of corn weevil could not significantly increase wheat moisture, but wheat moisture was highly significantly and positively correlated with DON content (P < 0.01). Corn weevil density significantly increased the DON content in wheat. DON contamination degree was mainly distributed in the region of 14–20 cm below the surface layer of wheat. In the process of ventilation and dehumidification during the storage period, moisture of wheat decreased slightly with the extension of ventilation, but the DON content in wheat increased significantly. Combined with the analysis of ventilation, DON content in the upper layer and H1 position, where the wind direction is not easy to reach, increased significantly.CONCLUSIONAreas with high insect population density (14–20 cm below the surface layer of stored wheat) and low ventilation and high humidification (H1 position in the upper layer) should be taken as the key cutting sample areas for detecting mycotoxin during the period of grain storage. This study provides for the first time a scientific basis for the standardization of the wheat sampling scheme to monitor mycotoxin contamination during wheat storage. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Edible oleogels stabilized solely by stigmasterol: effect of oil type and gelator concentration
Authors: Liu Yugang , Ma Shuangshuang , Xia Huiping , Guo Shiyin , Zeng Chaoxi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytosterols are considered to be one of the most promising gelators for obtaining oleogel because of their additional health benefits and natural coexist with vegetable oils. Previous studies have confirmed that individual phytosterols are not capable of structuring vegetable oils unless they act synergistically with other components. However, based on the self‐assembly properties of stigmasterol (ST) in organic solvents, we speculate that it can also structure vegetable oils as a gelator alone.RESULTSFor the first time, the present study confirmed the feasibility of using ST alone as a gelator for structuring of vegetable oils, including rapeseed oil (RSO), olive oil (OLO) and flaxseed oil (FSO). RSO had the lowest ST gelation concentration (4%, w/w), and the oil‐binding capacity and firmness value of the oleogels were the highest. The rheological results showed that all the samples were gelatinous (G′ > G″). The results of differential scanning calorimeter and X‐ray diffraction further confirmed that the properties of RSO‐based oleogels are superior to those prepared by OLO and FSO. The microscopic results also confirmed that the crystal structure of RSO oleogels was more uniform, smaller and more densely distributed.CONCLUSIONThe structural properties of the oleogels were positively correlated with the ST concentration, and various analysis indicators showed that the performance of the oleogel based on RSO was better than that of OLO and FSO. In summary, the present study used ST as a gelator to successfully prepare oleogels with excellent properties, which provides a feasible reference for researchers in related fields. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Focal osteoporosis defect is associated with vertebral compression fracture prevalence in a bone mineral density‐independent manner
Authors: Li Chentian , Ma Chi , Zhuo Xianglong , Li Li , Li Bing , Li Songjian , Lu William W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionFocal osteoporosis defect has shown a high association with the bone fragility and osteoporotic fracture prevalence. However, no routine computed tomography (CT)‐based vertebral focal osteoporosis defect measurement and its association with vertebral compression fracture (VCF) were discussed yet. This study aimed to develop a routine CT‐based measurement method for focal osteoporosis defect quantification, and to assess its association with the VCF prevalence.Materials and MethodsA total of 205 cases who underwent routine CT scanning, were retrospectively reviewed and enrolled into either the VCF or the control group. The focal bone mineral content loss (focal BMC loss), measured as the cumulated demineralization within bone void space, was proposed for focal osteoporosis defect quantification. Its scan‐rescan reproducibility and its correlation with trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) and apparent microarchitecture parameters were evaluated. The association between focal BMC loss and the prevalence of VCF was studied by logistic regression.ResultsThe measurement of focal BMC loss showed high reproducibility (RMSSD = 0.011 mm, LSC = 0.030 mm, ICC = 0.97), and good correlation with focal bone volume fraction (r = 0.79, P < 0.001), trabecular bone separation (r = 0.76, P < 0.001), but poor correlation with trabecular BMD (r = 0.37, P < 0.001). The focal BMC loss was significantly higher in the fracture group than the control (1.03 ± 0.13 vs. 0.93 ± 0.11 mm; P < 0.001), and was associated with prevalent VCF (1.87, 95% CI = 1.31–2.65, P < 0.001) independent of trabecular BMD level.DiscussionAs a surrogate measure of focal osteoporosis defect, focal BMC Loss independently associated with the VCF prevalence. It suggests that focal osteoporosis defect is a common manifestation that positively contributed to compression fracture risk and can be quantified with routine CT using focal BMC Loss.
“You're going to look at me differently”: A qualitative study of disclosure experiences among survivors of military sexual assault
Authors: Rufa Anne K. , Carroll Kathryn K. , Lofgreen Ashton , Klassen Brian , Held Philip , Zalta Alyson K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMost survivors of sexual assault who disclose their experience do so within their social network. Prior research on disclosure among individuals who experience sexual trauma has mainly focused on childhood sexual abuse, college‐aged women, or disclosure to formal sources of support (e.g., treatment providers). There is limited research on disclosure among veteran survivors of military sexual assault (MSA). The current qualitative study aimed to explore the disclosure experiences of treatment‐seeking survivors of MSA. Participants were 17 veterans (n = 13 women, n = 4 men), aged 33–65 years, who reported experiencing MSA. During semistructured interviews, participants were asked about their experiences disclosing MSA to informal support persons (e.g., family members, partners, friends). A narrative thematic analysis identified 11 themes that emerged throughout different aspects of the disclosure, including (a) preparation and reason for disclosure (reactive or spontaneous disclosures, disclosure as an explanation/obligation), (b) expectations about the disclosure experience (no expectations, negative expectations grounded in socialized beliefs, positive expectations based on specific relationships, mismatch between experience and expectation), (c) the actual disclosure experience (negative experiences of personalization, supportive responses, share shame), and (d) military context (disclosing to another member of the military, reporting dynamics). Additional subthemes were nested within these categories. The findings indicated common experiences across participants, particularly regarding disclosure rationale. Key differences were largely influenced by contextual factors (e.g., response of the disclosure recipient). These findings hold implications for clinicians working with survivors of MSA who are preparing for and coping with the consequences of disclosure.
Gender differences in disorders comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. Sailors and Marines
Authors: Walter Kristen H. , Levine Jordan A. , Madra Naju J. , Beltran Jessica L. , Glassman Lisa H. , Thomsen Cynthia J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPsychological comorbidity, the co‐occurrence of mental health disorders, is more often the rule than the exception among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research shows that prevalence estimates for specific psychological disorders differ by gender; however, little is known about whether these patterns persist in the presence of a comorbid PTSD diagnosis. This study examined gender differences in prevalence estimates for conditions comorbid with PTSD using medical records for 523,626 active duty U.S. Sailors and Marines who entered the military over an 8‐year period. Using chi‐square tests of independence, we detected statistically significant gender differences for specific comorbid conditions in the subsample of 9,447 service members with a PTSD diagnosis. Women were more likely than men to have PTSD with comorbid adjustment, OR = 1.35; depressive, OR = 1.71; and generalized anxiety or other anxiety disorders, OR = 1.16, with the largest effects for eating, OR = 12.60, and personality disorders, OR = 2.97. In contrast, women were less likely than men to have a diagnosis of PTSD with comorbid alcohol use, OR = 0.69, and drug use disorders, OR = 0.72, with the largest effects for insomnia, OR = 0.42, and traumatic brain injury, OR = 0.17. No significant gender differences emerged for comorbid bipolar, obsessive–compulsive, panic/phobic, psychotic, or somatoform/dissociative disorders, ps = .029–.314. The results show gender differences in conditions comorbid with PTSD generally align with internalizing and externalizing dimensions. Differences in comorbidities with PTSD between women and men could have implications for treatment development and delivery.
Performers' Perceptions of Vocal Function During Oral Steroid Treatment of Vocal Fold Edema
Authors: Murphy Estes Christine , Chadwick Keith , Sadoughi Babak , Andreadis Katerina , Sussman Scott , Sulica Lucian 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesAcute vocal fold edema (VFE) is often a consequence of illness, allergy, or voice overuse, causing dysphonia. Although VFE typically resolves with voice rest and treatment of predisposing causes, oral glucocorticoids are often considered for performers with imminent performance demands. There are limited data about performers' perceptions of vocal change during treatment and how this relates to their ability to perform. This study aims to examine performers' self‐perceptions of vocal function with steroid treatment.MethodsFifty‐five performers (34 F; 21 M) diagnosed with VFE who chose treatment with a 6‐day methylprednisolone taper were prospectively assessed. They completed the Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily (EASE) and reported on their voice use, regimen, performance obligations, and ability to perform. Findings were compared between Day 1 and Day 6 using paired t‐tests and nonparametric Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.ResultsNearly all subjects completed scheduled performances without interruption. Following treatment, all subscales of the EASE were decreased at Day 6 (Vocal Function 29.78–20.59; Pathologic Risk Indicator 26.60–17.33; Vocal Concerns 6.10–4.20). These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) and greater in subjects with performances scheduled and subjects who consistently completed vocal warmups. These findings demonstrate significant improvement in several facets of performers' self‐perception of function.ConclusionSubjects reported significant improvement in vocal function with oral steroid treatment and were able to meet performance obligations. It remains important that steroids are not prescribed without laryngeal examination. Examination should be repeated when dysphonia persists, recurs swiftly, or when patients seek repeated treatment, as there may be increased risk of adverse outcomes, and continued steroid use may mask underlying chronic pathology that is best treated by other means.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:2434–2441, 2022
Effects of Different Voice Rest on Vocal Function After Microlaryngeal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chi Hua‐Wei , Cho Hsiao‐Chien , Yang An‐Yun , Chen Yong‐Chen , Chen Jeng‐Wen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the results of a voice handicap index (VHI) scale and acoustic parameters in patients who underwent microlaryngeal surgery followed by either short‐duration (voice rest for <7 days) or long‐duration (≥7 days) voice rest.Study DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for articles published before March 1, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that measured the voice outcomes of patients after different durations and extents of postoperative voice restriction were included in the meta‐analysis.ResultsFour RCTs comprising 112 patients were included in the quantitative meta‐analysis. Compared with the long‐duration voice rest group, the short‐duration group exhibited comparable VHI scores (mean difference [MD], −7.01; 95% CI, −16.12 to 2.09; p = 0.13), maximum phonation time (MD, −2.58; 95% CI, −5.42 to 0.26; p = 0.07), and acoustic variables of jitter (MD, −1.25; 95% CI, −3.43 to 0.94; p = 0.26) and shimmer (MD, −0.79; 95% CI, −2.08 to 0.51; p = 0.24). Subgroup analysis for benign pathology and cold instruments studies demonstrated significantly better VHI scores (MD, −14.45; 95% CI, −26.19 to −2.72; p = 0.02 and MD, −15.98; 95% CI, −28.52 to −3.44; p = 0.01, respectively) in the short‐duration group.ConclusionsThe limited evidence does not demonstrate benefit in voice outcomes from long‐duration voice rest and suggests potential unfavorable effects on compliance and quality of life, providing a rationale for short‐duration voice rest after microlaryngeal surgery. More studies are required to determine the optimal duration and extent of postoperative voice rest.Level of Evidence1 Laryngoscope, 133:154–161, 2023