bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostics in Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia: a consensus statement of the European Consortium for Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Dogliotti Irene , Jiménez Cristina , Varettoni Marzia , Talaulikar Dipti , Bagratuni Tina , Ferrante Martina , Perez Jose Juan , Drandi Daniela , Puig Noemí , Gilestro Milena , García-Álvarez María , Owen Roger , Jurczak Wojciech , Tedeschi Alessandra , Leblond Véronique , Kastritis Efstathios , Kersten Marie José , D'Sa Shirley , Kaščák Michal , Willenbacher Wolfgang , Roccaro Aldo , Poulain Stephanie , Morel Pierre , Kyriakou Charalampia , Fend Falko , Vos Josephine , Dimopoulos Meletios-Athanasios , Buske Christian , Ferrero Simone , García-Sanz Ramón 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The diagnosis of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM), an IgM-associated lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, can be challenging due to the different forms of disease presentation. Furthermore, in recent years, WM has witnessed remarkable progress on the diagnostic front, as well as a deeper understanding of the disease biology, which has affected clinical practice. This, together with the increasing variety of tools and techniques available, makes it necessary to have a practical guidance for clinicians to perform the initial evaluation of patients with WM. In this paper, we present the consensus recommendations and laboratory requirements for the diagnosis of WM developed by the European Consortium of Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia (ECWM), for both clinical practice as well as the research/academical setting. We provide the procedures for multiparametric flow cytometry, fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular tests and with this offer guidance for a standardized diagnostic work-up and methodological workflow of patients with IgM monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance, asymptomatic and symptomatic WM.
Newly Synthesized Azo Derived from Coumarine as Analytical Reagent and Metallic Corrosion Inhibitor
Authors: El-Dossoki F. I. , El-Seify F. A. , Goda M. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A new Coumarine derivatives azo dye; 8-(3-phenyl-5-pyrazolylazo)-7-Hydroxy-4-Methyl Coumarine were synthesized. The effect of pH on the spectra of the synthesized ligand, the chromogenic reaction and the stability constant of Co+ 2, Cu+ 2, Ni+ 2, and Zn+ 2 ion complexes with the synthesized ligand were studied and determined conductmetrically and spectrophotometrically. The optimum pH was determined for the complexes. 1:1and 2:1(L:M) stoichiometric complexes has been formed in solutions. The order of the stability constants of the complexes under study was; Co+ 2<Ni+ 2< Cu+ 2. These metal ions were determined using the ligand as indicator. The ligand can be used as acid-base indicator. The ability of controlling corrosion of carbon steel in 1M of acidic solution of hydrochloric was electrochemically proven at room temperature. The inhibition indicated with different tests including Open circuit potential (OCP), Potentiodynamic Polarization (PP) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The adsorption of inhibitor indicated from PP test followed Longmuir isotherm. Adsorption constant and Gibbs free energy were also calculated and explained.
WITHDRAWN: Biomimetic dual layered keratin/ hydroxyapatite scaffolds for alveolar bone regeneration
Authors: Feroz¹ Sandleen , Muhammad Nawshad , Cathro Peter , Dias George 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A new biomimetic dual layered keratin/hydroxyapatite scaffold was designed using the iterative freeze-drying technique. The physical, structural, and chemical properties of the keratin/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds were studied using several analytical techniques. The developed multilayered, interconnected, porous keratin scaffold with different HA content in the outer and inner layer, mimics the inherent gradient structure of alveolar bone. The FT-IR analysis confirmed that the secondary structure of keratin was not destroyed with the successful incorporation of hydroxyapatite particles during the process of scaffold fabrication. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the keratin and hydroxyapatite retained their crystalline structures in the prepared keratin/HA scaffolds. SEM studies showed an interconnected porous architecture of the prepared scaffolds with seamless integration between the upper and lower layers. EDX analysis showed that the inorganic phases of both the upper and lower layers of the keratin/HA scaffold mainly consist of calcium and phosphorous ions. EDX mapping confirmed the even distribution of calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) in both the upper and lower layers of the scaffold. The prepared scaffolds showed a gradual degradation during the 28-day incubation period in PBS. The incorporation of HA improved the mechanical properties of keratin/HA scaffolds. The keratin/HA scaffolds exhibited superior mechanical properties in terms of Young’s modulus and compressive strength in comparison to pure keratin scaffolds. The biocompatibility studies suggested that both keratin and keratin/HA scaffolds were cytocompatible, in terms of cell viability and proliferation. Furthermore, it showed that both the tested materials can be served as an ideal substrate for the differentiation of Saos-2 cells, leading to mineralization of the extracellular matrix. In summary, the development of a non-toxic green method was investigated for keratin extraction to fabricate keratin/HA scaffolds and our results showed great potential for the use of these scaffolds to regenerate alveolar bone due to their structural similarity and excellent in vitro biocompatibility.
Experimental study on wear laws and mechanisms of end cutting edge in end-milling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Authors: Mu Han , Wei Gang , Zhang Boyu , Hu Xiaohang , Wang Fuji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
End cutting edges of tool determine machining quality of the bottom surface of the slot in end-milling of CFRP. However, due to anisotropy and heterogeneous of CFRP, and also semi-closed characteristic of blind slots, the end cutting edges are more vulnerable to wear than the peripheral edges under the strong abrasive fibers, leading to the poor machining quality of the bottom surface of the slots, and thereby decreases the assembly performance of the components. This paper aims to reveal the wear laws and mechanisms of the end cutting edge which serves under the poor machining conditions in end-milling of CFRP. In order to obtain major wear forms of the end cutting edge, the tool’s structure and the removal characteristics in end-milling of CFRP are analysed. For acquiring the wear laws accurately, slot-milling experiments are conducted, in which the quantitative characterization of each wear form is proposed. According to the wear laws obtained from the experiments, combining with the associated relationships of each wear form, the wear mechanisms of end cutting edge are revealed, and also, the influences of the tool wear on the surface’s machining quality are got. The results show that there are three wear forms in all including the corner wear, the cutting-edge wear and the flank wear. Concretely, the corner wear is rapid, the cutting-edge radius is fluctuating and tends to decrease, while the flank face is wearing constantly. The conclusions of this study can provide foundations for further studies on suppression of the tool wear.
Consumer Willingness to Pay for Farmed Seaweed with Education on Ecosystem Services
Authors: Boduc Will , Griffin Robert M. , Byron Carrie J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Kelp aquaculture in the US is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. While the market potential is substantial, increasing demand is widely seen as a key step towards realizing this potential. Recent work on restorative aquaculture practices has led to increased study and valuation of ecosystem services of kelp aquaculture. This study demonstrates the efficacy of education on ecosystem services of kelp aquaculture as marketing material for kelp end products. Through an online willingness to pay survey, this study found a significant increase in consumer willingness to pay for end products after a brief education on ecosystem services. Price point of the product, income, gender, knowledge of ecosystem services, and frequency of kelp product consumption were found to be significant predictors of the magnitude of change in consumer willingness to pay. Of the four major categories of ecosystem services, supporting services were reported to be most important to consumers. These findings can guide private and public organizations in marketing efforts to drive consumer behavior and to actualize the large potential of kelp aquaculture in the US.
Telehealth Utilization Barriers among Alabama Parents of Pediatric Patients during COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Rahim Md Jillur , Ghosh Pallavi , Brisendine Anne E. , Yang Nianlan , Roddy Ryan , Broughton Mia Jeanette , Kinzer Alexis , Wingate Martha S. , Sen Bisakha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Telehealth can improve access to evidence-based care at a lower cost for patients, especially those living in underserved and remote areas. The barriers to the widespread adoption of telehealth have been well documented in the literature. However, the barriers may not be the same for pediatric patients, who must rely on their parents or guardians to make healthcare decisions. This paper presents some of the leading barriers parents or guardians of pediatric patients report in using telehealth to meet their children’s healthcare needs.
Methods
This cross-sectional survey was conducted in a tertiary care pediatric ED at a children’s hospital in Alabama between September 2020 to December 2020. The parents or guardians of pediatric patients were asked about their reasons for not using telehealth despite having healthcare needs for their children, whether they canceled or rescheduled healthcare provider visits and facility visits, and whether the child’s health conditions changed over the past three months. Descriptive analyses were conducted that explored the distribution of telehealth use across the variables listed above.
Results
597 parents or guardians of pediatric patients participated in the survey, and 578 answered the question of whether they used telehealth or not over the past three months. Of them, 33.1% used telehealth, 54.3% did not, and 12.6% did not have healthcare needs for their child. The leading reason for not using telehealth was that the doctor or health provider did not give them a telehealth option, the second main reason was that they did not know what telehealth is, and the third leading reason was that the parents did not think telehealth would help meet healthcare needs for their child.
Conclusions
Physicians and policymakers can better serve patients by understanding some of the barriers to telehealth usage. Physicians can routinely ask parents or guardians if they prefer a telehealth visit. Besides creating an environment that makes telehealth adoption easier, policymakers must pay attention to health literacy and health insurance literacy to increase telehealth utilization.
The Southern Cross Block (SCB) technique for intraoperative mastectomy analgesia.
Authors: Hassan Summer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose :
Mastectomy is a life-altering physical and psychological event for patients. Suboptimal management of immediate postoperative pain increases the risk of post-mastectomy pain syndrome. PECs II block is a regional analgesic technique expected to anesthetize the lateral chest wall. We propose an intraoperative surgeon-delivered modification to the PECs II block to improve the quality of recovery.
Objective :
To develop a reproducible, efficient, safe intraoperative field block, and to assess its efficacy by pain scores and opiate consumption.
Patients and Methods :
The SCB was performed on 96 consecutive patients undergoing mastectomy by a single surgeon from 2020 to 2021. The block consisted of 40mls of bupivacaine given under direct vision to five areas : pectoralis major, the interpectoral groove, pectoralis minor lateral intercostal nerves with the nerve to serratus anterior, and the medial cutaneous nerves. Patients were assessed using visual analogue pain scale from 0–10 for movement and at rest at 1,3,6,12, and 24 hours. Rescue analgesia was freely given, and the total requirements were obtained from patient notes.
Results :
The median pain score at rest and with movement at 1h was 0 out of 10. The median pain score at 3hours, at rest and movement, were 1 and 2, respectively. Only 28.1% of patients required second-line analgesia within the first 24 hours with average commencement at 4.8 hours. Total opioid consumption was minimal, averaging 0.42mg of Oxynorm, 1.3mg of Oxycodone, 1.8mg of Sevredol, and 3.07mg of Morphine. Only 12.5% of patients required a short course of opioids on discharge, and none returned to theatre or required pain-related readmission.
Conclusion :
The SCB is a simple and effective technique to minimize post-mastectomy pain.
Smooth boundary design for geometry projection topology optimization
Authors: Li Shijun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In order to realize the smooth boundary design for Geometry Projection Topology Optimization(GPTO), a static and dynamic multi-objective design method for geometry projection topology optimization is proposed in this paper. Taking the structure volume as the constraint, the maximum static stiffness and the minimum dynamic frequency eigenvalue as the objective, the optimization is carried out through different scale coefficients and the optimization model is established. At present, the mainstream topology optimization based on geometric parts, such as MMC or GPTO or Feature driven method, requires the geometric parts to be arranged in advance to obtain the optimal design, and the design results largely depend on the initial layout, which brings certain limitations to the structural optimization design. Based on the original GPTO method, this paper optimizes the dynamic frequency of the structure according to the local modal phenomenon of SIMP method. To a certain extent, the complexity of the structure is optimized, and the boundary of the structure is smoother, which can better meet the requirements of the project. The numerical results show that the model and method adopted in this paper are feasible and effective in seeking the smooth boundary design based on GPTO.
Extubation timing and risk of extubation failure in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients
Authors: Yang Jun , Lu Junlin , Li Runting , Lin Fa , Chen Yu , Han Heze , Yan Debin , Li Ruinan , Li Zhipeng , Zhang Haibin , Yuan Kexin , Li Hongliang , Zhang Linlin , Shi Guangzhi , Zhou Jianxin , Wang Shuo , Zhao Yuanli , Chen Xiaolin , Zhao Jizong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The extubation time is critical during the intensive care unit stay in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients.The current conventional parameters for predicting extubation failure (EF) and extubation time may not be suitable for this population. Here, we aimed to identify factors associated with EF in aSAH patients.
Methods
From a single-center observational study on aSAH patients with computed tomography angiography from 2019 to 2021, patients who received microsurgery were enrolled and divided into two groups according to whether EF occurred. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to evaluate disease severity, medical history, and extubation time differences between patients with and without EF.
Results
Of 335 patients included, EF occurred with a rate of 0.14. The delayed cerebral ischemia (67.4% vs. 13.5%) and acute hydrocephalus (6.5% vs. 1.4%) were frequently observed in patients with EF. Also, patients who develop EF presented higher disability (65.9% vs. 17.4%) and mortality (10.9% vs. 0.7%) rates. A multivariable analysis demonstrated that age (OR 1.038; 95%CI: 1.004–1.073;P = 0.028), onset to admission time (OR 0.731; 95%CI: 0.566–0.943;P = 0.016), WNFS grade > 3 (OR 4.309; 95%CI: 1.639–11.330;P = 0.003), and extubation time < 24 h (OR 0.097; 95%CI: 0.024–0.396;P = 0.001) were significantly associated with EF occurrence.
Conclusions
These data provide further evidence that older aSAH patients with onset to admission time < 2days and WFNS grade > 3 have a high risk of developing EF, which is amplified by the ultra-early extubation. Moreover, in patients with two or more risk factors, a prolonged intubation recommendation requires consideration to avoid the EF.
Increasing Transparency in Machine Learning through Bootstrap Simulation and Shapely Additive Explanations
Authors: Huang Alexander , Huang Samuel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImportance: Machine learning methods are widely used within the medical field. However, the reliability and efficacy of these models is difficult to assess. We assessed whether variance calculations of model metrics (e.g., AUROC, Sensitivity, Specificity) through bootstrap simulation and SHapely Additive exPlanations (SHAP) could increase model transparency. Methods Data from the England National Health Services Heart Disease Prediction Cohort was used. XGBoost was used as the machine-learning model of choice in this study. Boost-strap simulation (N = 10,000) was used to empirically derive the distribution of model metrics and covariate Gain statistics. SHapely Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to provide explanations to machine-learning output and simulation to evaluate the variance of model accuracy metrics. Result Among 10,000 simulations completed, we observed that the AUROC ranged from 0.771 to 0.947, a difference of 0.176, the balanced accuracy ranged from 0.688 to 0.894, a 0.205 difference, the sensitivity ranged from 0.632 to 0.939, a 0.307 difference, and the specificity ranged from 0.595 to 0.944, a 0.394 difference. Among 10,000 simulations completed, we observed that the gain for Angina ranged from 0.225 to 0.456, a difference of 0.231, for Cholesterol ranged from 0.148 to 0.326, a difference of 0.178, the MaxHR ranged from 0.081 to 0.200, a range of 0.119, and for Age ranged from 0.059 to 0.157, difference of 0.098. Conclusion Use of simulations to empirically evaluate the variance of model metrics and explanatory algorithms to observe if covariates match the literature are necessary for increased transparency, reliability, and utility of machine learning methods.
Mating frequency estimation and its importance for colony abundance analyses in eusocial pollinators: A case study of Bombus impatiens
Authors: Bird Sydney A. , Pope Nathaniel S. , McGrady Carley M. , Fleischer Shelby J. , López-Uribe Margarita M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bumble bees (genus Bombus) includes approximately 250 social species, many of which are in decline in North America and Europe. To estimate colony abundance of bumble bees in natural and agricultural habitats, sib-ship relationships are often reconstructed from genetic data with the assumption that colonies have one monogamous queen. However, some species such as the common Eastern North American bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) can display low levels of polyandry that can bias estimates of colony abundance based on sib-ship reconstructions. In order to accurately quantify rates of polyandry in this species, we empirically estimated mating frequencies of queens using a novel statistical model and genotypes from 730 bees. To genotype individuals, we used a highly polymorphic microsatellite set for colonies established from 20 wild caught and 10 commercial queens. We found multiple fathers in 15% of wild colonies and 30% of commercial colonies. This resulted in average effective mating frequencies of 1.07 for wild and 1.15 for commercial colonies. Paternity was also skewed, with the 2nd or 3rd father contributing less than 30% of the offspring. These findings agree with previous reports of polyandry for B. impatiens. Using a large empirical dataset, we demonstrate that assuming monogamy for colony abundance estimation in species that violate this assumption may result in a vast overestimation of the number of colonies. Our results emphasize the importance of studying mating frequencies in social species of conservation concern for the appropriate implementation of genetic approaches for colony abundance estimation.
Grassland cover declined in Southern Africa but increased in other African subcontinents in early 21st century
Authors: Muraina Taofeek O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The African continent has the most extensive grassland cover in the world, providing valuable ecosystem services. African grasslands, like other continental grasslands, are prone to various anthropogenic disturbances and climate, and require data-driven monitoring for efficient functioning and service delivery. Yet, knowledge of how the African grassland cover has changed in the past years is lacking, especially at the subcontinents level, due to a lack of relevant long-term, Africa-wide observations and experiments. Here, we used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Type (MCD12Q1) data spanning 2001 to 2017 to conduct Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change analyses and map grassland distribution in Africa. Specifically, we assessed the changes in grassland cover across and within African subcontinents over three periods (2001-2013, 2013-2017, and 2001-2017). We found that the African grassland cover was 16777765.5 km2, 16999468.25 km2, and 16968304.25 km2 in 2001, 2013, and 2017, respectively. There werenet gain (1.32%) and net loss (0.19%) during 2001-2013 and 2013-2017 periods, respectively. Generally, the African grassland cover increased (1.14%) over the whole study period (2001-2017) at the expense of forestland, cropland, and built-up areas. The East and West African grassland covers reduced by 0.07% and 1.35%, respectively, in 2013-2017, and increased in other periods; those of North and Central Africa increased throughout the three periods; but Southern Africa grassland cover decreased over the three periods. Overall, the net gains in the grassland cover of other African subcontinents offset the loss in Southern Africa and promoted the overall gain across Africa. This study underscores the need for continuous monitoring of African grasslands and the causes of their changes for efficient delivery of ecosystem services.