bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple myeloma: 2022 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Rajkumar S. Vincent 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDisease OverviewMultiple myeloma accounts for approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies.DiagnosisThe diagnosis requires ≥10% clonal bone marrow plasma cells or a biopsy‐proven plasmacytoma plus evidence of one or more multiple myeloma defining events (MDE): CRAB (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, or lytic bone lesions) attributable to the plasma cell disorder, bone marrow clonal plasmacytosis ≥60%, serum involved/uninvolved free light chain (FLC) ratio ≥ 100 (provided involved FLC is ≥100 mg/L), or >1 focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging.Risk StratificationThe presence of del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), gain 1q, or p53 mutation is considered high‐risk multiple myeloma. The presence of any two high risk factors is considered double‐hit myeloma, and three or more high risk factors is triple‐hit myeloma.Risk‐Adapted Initial TherapyIn patients who are candidates for autologous stem cell transplantation, induction therapy consists of bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (VRd) given for approximately 3–4 cycles followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). In high‐risk patients, daratumumab, bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (Dara‐VRd) is an alternative to VRd. Selected standard‐risk patients can collect stem cells, get additional cycles of induction therapy, and delay transplant until first relapse. Patients who are not candidates for transplant are treated with VRd for approximately 8–12 cycles followed by maintenance or alternatively with daratumumab, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (DRd) until progression.Maintenance TherapyStandard‐risk patients need lenalidomide maintenance, while bortezomib plus lenalidomide maintenance is needed for high‐risk myeloma.Management of Relapsed DiseaseA triplet regimen is usually needed at relapse, with the choice of regimen varying with each successive relapse.
Anatomical and molecular analyses of the deltoid muscle in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and modern humans (Homo sapiens): Similarities and differences due to the uses of the upper extremity
Authors: Gómez Mónica , Casado Aroa , de Diego Marina , Pastor Juan Francisco , Potau Josep Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the deltoid muscles of Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens, we have analyzed the muscle architecture and the expression of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. Our aim was to identify differences between the two species that could be related to their different uses of the upper limb. The deltoid muscle of six adult Pan troglodytes and six adult Homo sapiens were dissected. The muscle fascicle length (MFL) and the physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) of each muscle were calculated in absolute and normalized values. The expression pattern of the MHC‐I, MHC‐IIa and MHC‐IIx isoforms was analyzed in the same muscles by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Only the acromial deltoid (AD) presented significant architectural differences between the two species, with higher MFL values in humans and higher PCSA values in chimpanzees. No significant differences in the expression pattern of the MHC isoforms were identified. The higher PCSA values in the AD of Pan troglodytes indicate a greater capacity of force generation in chimpanzees than in humans, which may be related to a greater use of the upper limb in locomotion, specifically in arboreal locomotion like vertical climbing. The functional differences between chimpanzees and humans in the deltoid muscle are more related to muscle architecture than to a differential expression of MHC isoforms.
Asymmetric Radical Cyclization of Alkenes by Stereospecific Homolytic Substitution of Sulfinamides
Authors: Chen Yasu , Wu Xinxin , Yang Shan , Zhu Chen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe report a novel asymmetric radical cyclization of alkenes via stereospecific homolytic substitution of sulfinamides. This reaction produces a variety of cyclic sulfinamides with excellent stereocontrol. The protocol features broad functional group tolerance, high product diversity, and easy accessibility to feedstocks, and outlines a new pathway for the synthesis of chiral cyclic sulfinamides.
Evolution of the Dearomative Functionalization of Activated Quinolines and Isoquinolines: Expansion of the Electrophile Scope
Authors: Kischkewitz Marvin , Marinic Bruno , Kratena Nicolas , Lai Yonglin , Hepburn Hamish B. , Dow Mark , Christensen Kirsten E. , Donohoe Timothy J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein we disclose a mild protocol for the reductive functionalisation of quinolinium and isoquinolinium salts. The reaction proceeds under transition‐metal‐free conditions as well as under rhodium catalysis with very low catalyst loadings (0.01 mol %) and uses inexpensive formic acid as the terminal reductant. A wide range of electrophiles, including enones, imides, unsaturated esters and sulfones, β‐nitro styrenes and aldehydes are intercepted by the in situ formed enamine species forming a large variety of substituted tetrahydro(iso)quinolines. Electrophiles are incorporated at the C‐3 and C‐4 position for quinolines and isoquinolines respectively, providing access to substitution patterns which are not favoured in electrophilic or nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Finally, this reactivity was exploited to facilitate three types of annulation reactions, giving rise to complex polycyclic products of a formal [3+3] or [4+2] cycloaddition.
Herstellung von funktionalisierten Amiden mit Dicarbamoylzink‐Reagenzien
Authors: Djukanovic Dimitrije , Ganiek Maximilian A. , Nishi Kohei , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Mashima Kazushi , Knochel Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWir beschreiben eine neue Methode zur Herstellung von Dicarbamoylzink‐Reagenzien des Typs (R1R2NCO)2Zn durch Behandlung von ZnCl2 und Formamiden R1R2NCHO mit LiTMP in THF (15 °C, 15 min), oder durch die Reaktion von Formamiden R1R2NCHO mit TMP2Zn (25 °C, 16 h). Die zweite Methode toleriert sensitive Gruppen wie Ester, Ketone oder Nitrofunktionen. Reaktion dieser Dicarbamoylzink‐Reagenzien mit allylischen, benzylischen, arylischen, alkenylischen Bromiden, Säurechloriden, Aldehyden oder Enonen lieferte verschiedene polyfunktionalisierte Amide in Ausbeuten von 47–97 %. Die Charakterisierung dieser neuen Carbamoylzink‐Derivate mittels 13C NMR wird beschrieben.
Controlling the Energy‐Transfer Processes in a Nanosized Molecular Upconverter to Tap into Luminescence Thermometry Application
Authors: Gálico Diogo A. , Murugesu Muralee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhoton upconversion (UC) in molecular species remains a highly sought‐after property with vast potential applications in many fields. Until now, a few reports on molecular upconverters are limited to demonstrating upconversion. The low UC quantum yields (QY) and nuclearities hindered the application capabilities for molecular upconverters. To overcome these limitations, we report the use of a molecular cluster‐aggregate (MCA) containing 20 lanthanide ions to target YbIII‐TbIII‐based cooperative UC. Upconversion quantum yield value of 1.04×10−4 %, among the highest value observed for a molecular cooperative UC, was attained for the{Gd11Tb2Yb7}composition. Substitution of GdIIIions for EuIIIcenters opens a YbIII→TbIII→EuIIIenergy‐transfer pathway, allowing the first proof‐of‐concept of potential application for molecular UC. This report on upconversion‐based luminescence thermometry in a molecular species endorses further development of upconversion properties of nanoscale MCAs.
Directionally Aligned Crown Ethers as Superactive Organocatalysts for Transition‐metal Ion‐free Arylation of Unactivated Arenes
Authors: Li Zhaojie , Shen Jie , Jiang Qing , Shen Sheng , Zhou Jing , Zeng Huaqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen one‐dimensionally aligned to the same side, multiple non‐covalently associated crown ether groups could act as a whole to yield a higher catalytic activity than an individual poorly active crown ether group, delivering the lowest catalyst loading of 1–2 mol % among all hitherto known organocatalysts for catalyzing direct arylation of unactivated arenes with haloarenes.
In vitro evaluation of copper sulfide nanoparticles decorated with folic acid/chitosan as a novel pH‐sensitive nanocarrier for the efficient controlled targeted delivery of cytarabine as an anticancer drug
Authors: Hamrang Roya , Moniri Elham , Heydarinasab Amir , Safaeijavan Raheleh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) have gained more attention as drug delivery systems. Folic acid (FA)‐chitosan (CS) conjugates, because of their biodegradability, low toxicity, and better stability, offer a pharmaceutical drug delivery tool. The aim of this work was to fabricate CuS NPs modified by CS followed by grafting FA as a nanocarrier for the delivery of cytarabine (CYT) as an anticancer drug. In this work, CuS NPs modified by CS and FA were successfully synthesized. The structural properties of the nanocarrier were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. The adsorption mechanism of CYT by adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics was deliberated and modeled. The in vitro CYT release behavior for the nanocarrier was 99% and 61% at pH 5.6 and 7.4, respectively. The adsorption behavior of CYT by CuS NPs–CS–FA was well explored by pseudo–second‐order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models by the coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.99). Thermodynamic results showed that the uptake of CYT by CuS NPs‐CS‐FA was endothermic and spontaneous. The experimental results showed that CYT/CuS NPs‐CS‐FA can be proposed as an efficient nanocarrier for the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs.
Scalable Fabrication of Silicon‐Graphite Microsphere by Mechanical Processing for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode with Large Capacity and High Cycling Stability
Authors: Shen Qiuyan , Zheng Ruibing , Lv Yingying , Lou Yanyan , Shi Liyi , Yuan Shuai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn order to combine the high stability of graphite and the large theoretical capacity of silicon, silicon‐graphite composites attract tremendous attentions. However, the cycling stability is still a bottleneck hindering their commercialization due to the large volume expansion and poor interface compatibility. In this study, the bead grinding method is used to break micro‐sized silicon and graphite particles by strong shear force simultaneously, inducing the solid‐solid interface reaction between fresh silicon nanoparticles and graphite nanosheets. Subsequently, an evaporation induced self‐assembly happens in spray drying process, allow for scalable synthesis of Si‐graphite microsphere. The silicon‐graphite microsphere (Si−G microsphere) delivers an excellent cycling performance, with a reversible capacity of 1895 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 over 500 cycles and a capacity retention of 99.8 %. Moreover, the pouch‐type full battery of Si−G microsphere/graphite||LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 exhibits remarkable cycling stability with the capacity retention of 79.3 % after 800 cycles. The manufacture process using commercial raw materials and simple mechanical strategy demonstrates great potential for the low‐cost and scaled synthesis of high‐performance silicon‐graphite anodes.
Structural basis of the conformational and functional regulation of human SERCA2b, the ubiquitous endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump
Authors: Zhang Yuxia , Inaba Kenji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2b (SERCA2b), a member of the SERCA family, is expressed ubiquitously and transports Ca2+ into the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum using the energy provided by ATP binding and hydrolysis. The crystal structure of SERCA2b in its Ca2+‐ and ATP‐bound (E1∙2Ca2+‐ATP) state and cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) structures of the protein in its E1∙2Ca2+‐ATP and Ca2+‐unbound phosphorylated (E2P) states have provided essential insights into how the overall conformation and ATPase activity of SERCA2b is regulated by the transmembrane helix 11 and the subsequent luminal extension loop, both of which are specific to this isoform. More recently, our cryo‐EM analysis has revealed that SERCA2b likely adopts open and closed conformations of the cytosolic domains in the Ca2+‐bound but ATP‐free (E1∙2Ca2+) state, and that the closed conformation represents a state immediately prior to ATP binding. This review article summarizes the unique mechanisms underlying the conformational and functional regulation of SERCA2b.
Development, method validation and simultaneous quantification of eleven bioactive natural products from high‐altitude medicinal plant by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Dar Alamgir A. , Raina Arun , Kumar Anil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein, a novel, rapid, reliable, simple method validation and simultaneous quantification of 11 bioactive compounds (mostly xanthones) have been described. International Conference on Harmonization guidelines were used for the analytical method validation. Good linearity, repeatability, intra‐ and inter‐day precision, accuracy and reliability were well‐illuminated in the method validation procedure. The calibration curves showed a good linear relationship (r > 0.999) within test range. Precision was evaluated by intra‐ and inter‐day tests with relative standard deviation <2.79% and accuracy validation recovery of 74.16%–91.84%. On quantification study, the validated method described the high content of bioactive xanthone derivatives, including 1‐hydroxy‐3, 5‐dimethoxyxanthone (7), 2‐(allyloxy)‐8‐hydroxy‐1, 6‐dimethoxyxanthone (6) 1, 7, 8‐trihydroxy‐3‐methoxyxanthone (9) and Coxanthone E (5) in Codonopsis ovata, which is advantageous given the numerous pharmacological and biological effects associated with these compounds, which mostly exhibit anti‐cancerous, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐mutagenic and anti‐obesity effects. The bulk abundance of these compounds can also be used for further modification to produce better lead molecules for drug discovery with low toxicity and high potency. The proposed method makes it possible to simultaneously determine all bioactive compounds in one run and can be extended to marker‐based standardization of herbal formulations in medicinal and pharmaceutical industries.
Skeletonized mean diffusivity and neuropsychological performance in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chylińska Magdalena , Karaszewski Bartosz , Komendziński Jakub , Wyszomirski Adam , Sabisz Agnieszka , Halas Marek , Szurowska Edyta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeak width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity (PSMD), as a novel marker of white matter (WM) microstructure damage, is associated with cognitive decline in several WM pathologies (i.e., small vessel disorders). We hypothesized that markers combining alterations in whole WM could be associated with cognitive dysfunction in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients.MethodsWe used PSMD based on tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) magnetic resonance (MR) scans. We investigated RRMS patients (n = 73) undergoing interferon beta (IFN‐β) therapy. In this cross‐sectional study, we investigated the association between neuropsychological data and clinical and MRI variables: PSMD, WM hypointensities, and normalized brain volume (NBV).ResultsIn our cohort, 37 (50.7%) patients were recognized as cognitively impaired (CI) and 36 (49.3%) patients were cognitively normal (CN). In regression analysis, PSMD was a statistically significant contributor in the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) list A (p = 0.04) and semantic fluency (p = 0.036). PSMD (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.35), NBV (p = 0.002, r2 = 2.6) and WM hypointensities (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.40) were major contributors to upper extremity disability (9HPT) in the CN subgroup. A significant contributor in the majority of neuropsychological measures was education attainment.ConclusionWe investigated PSMD as a new parameter of WM microstructure damage that is a contributor in complex cognitive tasks, CVLT performance, and semantic fluency. PSMD was a statistically significant contributor to upper extremity disability (9HPT) together with WM hypointensities and NBV. Education attainment proved to be relevant in the majority of cognitive domains. Further studies are needed to estimate PSMD relevance as a marker of CI in MS.
The versatile role of sustainable market entrepreneurs in market transformation: An intervention framework for institutional change
Authors: Argyrou Aikaterini , Chevrollier Nicolas , Nijhof Andre 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article investigates in which way sustainable entrepreneurship can generate institutional change that transforms markets towards sustainability. A transformation of models of economic organization and market structures through sustainable entrepreneurship fosters the path towards sustainability. Institutional change involves sustainable market entrepreneurs as institutional entrepreneurs that operate in an effectual manner in different market transformation phases. Sustainable market entrepreneurs while seeking entrepreneurial opportunities simultaneously shape existing market structures and market conditions in different sustainable market transformation phases thereby creating new opportunities. Accordingly, a framework that explains institutional change prompted by sustainable market entrepreneurs in market transformation phases is developed. In this framework, various interventions which encourage sustainable market entrepreneurs to co‐create with the stakeholders of their choice are strategized. The provided framework enhances the understanding of the versatile role of sustainable market entrepreneurs and potentially the leverage of their actions towards institutional impact over time.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed One‐Step Synthesis of ortho‐Alkynylated Perylene Imide Dyes: Optical and Electrochemical Properties of New Derivatives
Authors: Chand Tapasi , Khamari Laxmikanta , Chopra Deepak , Mukherjee Saptarshi , Kapur Manmohan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA one‐step Rh‐catalyzed site‐selective ortho‐C−H alkynylation of perylene as well as naphthalene mono‐ and diimides is reported. A single step regioselective access to ortho‐C−H alkynylated derivatives of these ryleneimides not only increases the step economy of the ortho‐functionalization on these dyes but also provides a quick access route towards highly functionalized dyes that have potential optoelectronic applications. Increased solubility of tetra(triisopropylsilyl)acetylenyl PDIs in organic solvents greatly enhances their utility for further derivatization.
Relevance of Palladium to Radiopharmaceutical Development Considering Enhanced Coordination Properties of TE1PA
Authors: Pineau Julie , Lima Luís M. P. , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Zeevaart Jan Rijn , Driver Cathryn H. S. , Le Bris Nathalie , Tripier Raphaël 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe limited use of palladium‐103 and ‐109 radionuclides for molecular radiotherapy is surely due to the lack of appropriate ligands capable of fulfilling all criteria required for application in nuclear medicine. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of these complexes in solution remain difficult to establish. The challenge is compounded when considering that radiolabeling of compounds for translation to clinical trials requires fast complexation. Thus, the coordination of Pd(II) and 103/109Pd‐nuclides is a huge challenge in terms of molecular design and physicochemical characterization. Herein, we report a comprehensive study highlighting TE1PA, a monopicolinate cyclam – already established in nuclear imaging with 64Cu‐PET (positron emission tomography) imaging tracers – as a highly relevant chelator for natural Pd and subsequently 109Pd‐nuclide. The structural, thermodynamic, kinetic and radiolabeling studies of Pd(II) with TE1PA, as well as the comparison of this complex with three structurally related derivatives, support palladium‐TE1PA radiopharmaceuticals as leading candidates for targeted nuclear medicine.
Experimental study of secondary and tertiary modes combined low salinity water and polymer flooding in sandstone porous media
Authors: Mokhtari Farzad , Riahi Siavash , Rostami Behzad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCombined low salinity water (LSW) and polymer (LSP) flooding is the most attractive method of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Considerable research has investigated effective mechanisms of LSP flooding. In this study, 10 laboratory core flood tests were carried out to evaluate the effects of LSW injection into samples without any clay particles, the timing of LSW injection, and the advantages of adding polymer to the injection water for EOR. Secondary and tertiary LSW injections were performed on sandpack samples with different wettability states and water salinity. Tertiary LSW injection after secondary synthetic seawater (SSW) injection in oil‐wet samples resulted in 13% more oil recovery, while the water‐wet sample showed no effect on the oil recovery. Secondary LSW injection in oil‐wet porous media improved oil recovery by 8% of the original oil in place (OOIP) more than secondary SSW injection. Tertiary LSP flooding after secondary SSW injection in the oil‐wet sample provided a recovery of 67.3% of OOIP, while secondary LSW injection followed by tertiary LSP flooding yielded the maximum ultimate oil recovery of about 77% of OOIP. The findings showed that the positive EOR effects of LSW and LSP flooding were the results of wettability alteration, pH increase, improved mobility ratio, better sweep efficiency, and oil redistribution. In addition, results showed that wettability alteration is possible without the presence of clay particles. The findings of this study can help for a better understanding of fluid propagation through the porous media and an investigation of delays in reaching ultimate oil recovery.
Rigidity‐Activity Relationships of bisQPC Scaffolds against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Spahr Aaron C. , Michaud Marina E. , Amoo Lauren E. , Sanchez Christian A. , Hogue Cody E. , Thierer Laura M. , Gau Michael R. , Wuest William M. , Minbiole Kevin P. C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBiscationic quaternary phosphonium compounds (bisQPCs) represent a promising class of antimicrobials, displaying potent activity against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. In this study, we explored the effects of structural rigidity on the antimicrobial activity of QPC structures bearing a two‐carbon linker between phosphonium groups, testing against a panel of six bacteria, including multiple strains harboring known disinfectant resistance mechanisms. Using simple alkylation reactions, 21 novel compounds were prepared, although alkene isomerization as well as an alkyne reduction were observed during the respective syntheses. The resulting bisQPC compounds showed strong biological activity, but were hampered by diminished solubility of their iodide salts. One compound (P2P‐10,10 I) showed single‐digit micromolar activity against the entire panel of bacteria. Overall, intriguing biological activity was observed, with less rigid structures displaying better efficacy against Gram‐negative strains and more rigid structures demonstrating slightly increased efficacy against S. aureus strains.