bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Course of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Children: predictors of steroid resistance
Authors: Yildiz Nurdan , Cicek Neslihan , Guven Sercin , Gokce Ibrahim , Alpay Harika 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is one of the most common renal diseases in children. Clinical response to corticosteroids is an important prognostic factor for long-term renal outcome. We aimed to evaluate the clinical parameters, histopathological findings and complications of NS patients and factors predicting steroid resistance in a single tertiary center. Methods: A hundred and sixty two children (57 girls, 105 boys) with NS followed between 1998 and 2018 in Department of Pediatric Nephrology were analyzed in a retrospective cohort. Secondary causes and infantile NS cases were excluded. Results: The median (IQR; range) age of the children at presentation and follow up time were 4.9(5.7; 0.1-16.8) and 5.5(5.4; 0.1-20.3) years, respectively. A hundred and thirty four (82.7%) patients were steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and 28(17.3%) were steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Age at the first presentation was lower in SSNS group (p=0.002). Hypertension, macroscopic and microscopic hematuria were higher in SRNS group (p<0.001). Percutaneous kidney biopsy was performed in 56(34.6%) patients. The most common histopathological findings were focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minimal change disease (MCD) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) respectively. Four patients with FSGS were subsequently diagnosed as Alport syndrome due to electron microscopic findings and genetic analysis. Four patients with FSGS and one with MPGN reached to end stage kidney disease.Conclusion:The late onset is still an important sign for SRNS. Microscopic and macroscopic hematuria and hypertension may also give a hint for potential steroid resistance. We emphasize that FSGS is a biopsy finding that may reveal to different diagnosis in SRNS.
Accuracy of The Axillary Temperature Screening Compared to Core Rectal Temperature.
Authors: Alayed Yazeed , Hommadi Abdullah , Alkhalifah Mohammed , Bashir Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the sensitivity of axillary and rectal temperature in infants who presents to the emergency department with a recent history of fever in order to implement an early diagnostic modality to reduce risk of sepsis, urgency in antibiotic administration and decrease the need for delayed hospital admission.
Methods
A single-centre prospective nested control study of 201 patients who presents with a recent history of fever. Infants Up to 12 months of age were included. Any patient with the following comorbidities were excluded: (1) Haematological malignancy (2) immunocompromised (3) hyperthyroidism (4) recent administration of antipyretics medications and (5) congenital anal or rectal malformation. Demographic characteristics such as age and gender, weight, mean axillary and rectal temperatures were documented. Fever is defined as rectal temperature > 38 C as opposed to > 37.4 in the axillary method. Pearson’s correlation between axillary and rectal temperatures was determined.
Results
The mean age was 6.1 ± 3.5 months. The study had 111 (55.2%) males and 90 (44.8%) females. The mean weight was 7.4 Kg ± 2.1 Kg. The mean (SD) rectal-axillary temperature difference was 0.8°C ± 0.7°C which was statistically significant (P < 0.001The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values of the axillary method for fever > 37.4 were 79.34% (95% CI [73-84.9]), 14.3% (95% CI [0.36–57.9]), 96.2% (95% CI [95-97.2]) and 2.4% (95% CI [0.4–13.5]), respectively. On the other hand, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of the rectal temperature method for fever > 38 were 99.5% (95% CI [97.1–99.9]), 100% (95% CI [54–100]), 100% and 85.7% (95% CI [45.9–97.6]), respectively.
Conclusion
the axillary temperature measurement method is not as accurate as the rectal temperature method for the detection of fever in infants with a recent history of fever. The rectal method remains highly important for accurate and prompt diagnosis.
Serum β2‑microglobulin: An independent risk factor for mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by bacterial infection
Authors: Zhang Liming , Cui Na , Feng Xiaokai , Jiang Chunguo , Wang Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous disease with extremely high mortality. We hypothesized that the serum β2-microglobulin (β2MG) level would be elevated and be an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality in patients with ARDS caused by bacterial infection. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 257 patients with ARDS caused by bacterial infection from January 1, 2015 to February 28, 2021. Patients were followed for up to 28 days and were divided into a survival group and non-survival group according to their clinical outcomes. The serum β2MG levels and other clinical data were collected. The relationship between β2MG levels and 28-day mortality was explored by performing a Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, updated Charlson comorbidity index, disorders of consciousness, septic shock, albumin level, cardiac troponin I level, procalcitonin level, lactic acid level, prothrombin time, partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, creatinine clearance rate, acute kidney injury and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.Results: In this cohort, 96 patients died in 28 days, yielding a 28-day mortality of 37.4%. The median level of serum β2MG for all enrolled patients was 4.7 (interquartile range [IQR]:2.9 - 8.5) mg/L. Higher β2MG levels were significantly associated with 28-day mortality when the β2MG level was analysed as a continuous variable (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.054; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.005 - 1.105; P = 0.031) and when it was categorized into tertiles (HR: 3.239; 95% CI: 1.177 - 8.913; P = 0.023). The β2MG level exhibited a high diagnostic accuracy for predicting 28-day mortality (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.732; 95% CI:0.673-0.785; sensitivity:74.0%; specificity:64.0%; P<0.001). Conclusions: The level of serum β2MG is elevated and is an independent risk factor of 28-day mortality in patients with ARDS caused by bacterial infection.
Comparison of two common treatment methods in patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Kermanshah in 2019 2020
Authors: rezaee Leila , azadi pezhvak , Safarzadehkhoushabi Ashkan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Central serous cryortinopathy (CSCR) is an idiopathic disease most commonly seen in young men with a prevalence of 5.8 per 100,000. It is characterized by one or more cases of detachment serosa in the retinal neurosensory layer and may be associated with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) detachment. Eighty patients were divided into two groups of exposure (receiving eplerenone at a dose of 25 mg for one week and then at a dose of 50 mg for three weeks) and without exposure (without medication). Effectiveness-related variables including best visual acuity as primary outcome, central macular thickness, and choroid thickness as secondary outcomes before, 1 month, and 3 months later were assessed and recorded. Information such as central macular thickness, choroid thickness of 500 and 1000 microns on the nasal side and temporal superior and inferior were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 23 software. The mean reduction in choroid thickness in the macular group treated with eplerenone in the macula, as well as the 500 micron areas of the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior, are: 12.90 ± 105.82 microns, 15.48 ± 95.17 microns, and 16.07 ±, respectively. 94.45 microns and 14.48 ± 94.96 microns and 15.10 ± 95.94 microns Also in the 1000 micron areas of the nasal, temporal, superior and inferior, respectively: .95 microns and 14.45 ± 95.81 microns and 13.39 ± 96.1.5 microns. It was concluded that treatment with eplerenone was significantly associated with a decrease in choroid thickness in the macula and areas of 500 and 1000 microns of the nasal, temporal, superior and inferior. In our study, 70% of patients were men with a mean age of about 39 It was a year. In our study, more than 30% of patients had low visual acuity at 0.5 on the LogMar scale at the end of the first month without receiving eplerenone.
Comparison of second-look arthroscopic evaluations between two femoral tunnel locations in anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Lixuan , Guo Hanming , Li Yingshan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
PurposeThis article compared the arthroscopic morphological graft condition between AM bundle ACL reconstruction and anatomic mid-bundle ACL reconstruction. We attempted to determine the best femur tunnel for ACL-R based on a second-look arthroscopic study.MethodsA second-look arthroscopic evaluation was carried out one year after anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction. According to the postoperative 3D-CT, the patients were divided into the anatomic AM group and the anatomic mid-bundle group based on the femoral tunnel location.ResultsIn terms of the Lysholm score, a significant difference existed between the groups at the last follow-up evaluation (p<0.05). The tension of the graft involved was flabby in 2 patients (5.7%) in the center-AM group and 5 patients (15.6%) in the center-center group. Type I and type II were found in 33 patients (94.29%) in the center-AM group and 27 patients (84.38%) in the center-center group. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the femoral tunnel position and the arthroscopic evaluation of the grafts according to the MAS (p=0.02<0.05; Χ2=7.865).ConclusionsOur data demonstrated a significant correlation between the femoral tunnel position, clinical condition, and arthroscopic graft constitution. We found that the anatomic AM bundle position of the graft was better than the anatomic mid-bundle placement after ACL reconstruction.
Effects of strip cropping with reducing row spacing and super absorbent polymer on yield and water productivity of oat (Avena sativa L.) under drip irrigation
Authors: Tian Lu , Liu Jing-hui , Zhang Sheng , Zhao Bao-ping , Mi Jun-zhen , Li Ying-hao , Wang Feng-wu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to establish an efficient oat planting method under drip irrigation, a study was conducted at Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia during the season (2019-2020) to evaluate the effect of strip cropping with reducing row spacing and super absorbent polymer on the yield and water use efficiency of oat. To conduct the field trials, a split plot system in three replications was established. Three planting patterns were in the main plots, including conventional cropping with 20 cm equal row spacing (PA), strip cropping with the 15cm row spacing (PB) and strip cropping with the 10cm row spacing (PC), and two super absorbent polymer levels were in the subplots, including 22.5 kg ha-2 (Y) and 0 (N). The results showed that, compared with PA, PB and PC both decreased the irrigation volumes by 4.5-18.4 mm, and the irrigation volumes of PB was lower than that of PC. When super absorbent polymers were applied, compared with PA, PB significantly increased grain yield and above-ground biomass, but PC had the opposite effects. The grain yield and above-ground biomass of PB significantly increased by 16.65% and 7.31% on average in two years, respectively. And the increasing of grain yield was attributed by the significant increasing of pike number and kernel number per spike. But when super absorbent polymers were not applied, PB had no significant effects on grain yield and above-ground biomass. PB also had the significant effects on regulating water use of oats weather or not super absorbent polymers were applied, it significantly increased the precipitation ratio by 2.64% (PBY) and 2.13% (PBN) and decreased irrigation ration by 3.32% (PBY) and 5.28% (PBN) on average in two years. Although PB and PC both decreased the total evapotranspiration, but PB increased WUE and PC deceased WUE. The WUEY, WUEP, WUEI of PB increased by 19.70% (PBY) and 9.87% (PBN), 16.65% (PBY) and 7.59% (PBN), 23.82% (PBY) and 16.42% (PBN) on average in two years. Also PB had the highest economic benefits in all treatments. In conclusion, a drip irrigation oat planting pattern was proposed, which the row spacing is 15cm, adjusted the equal row spacing planting to 8-row strip planting, with a belt spacing of 30cm, combined with the application of 22.5kg ha-2 applying super absorbent polymers. And this oat planting pattern is a viable strategy to improve oat productivity.
Growth Induced Magnetic Anisotropy in Yttrium Iron Garnet Films on Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Substrates
Authors: Sriniva Gopalan , Liu Ying , Zhou Peng , Bidthanapally Rao , Zhang Jitao , Zhang Wei , Page Michael R. , Zhang Tianjin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is a ferrimagnetic oxide of importance for a variety of applications including magnetic field sensors and microwave signal processing devices. Most of the applications, however, require a bias magnetic field that impedes miniaturization of YIG based sensors and communication devices. This work is aimed at strain engineering of YIG films to realize an induced magnetic anisotropy field that could act as a built-in bias field. We discuss here pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and characterization of YIG films on yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) substrates. One expects the − 3% lattice mismatch between the film and substrate to result in an in-plane compressive strain and out-of-plane tensile strain. Films with thickness 55 nm to 380 nm were deposited on (100), (110), and (111) YAG substrates and annealed at high temperatures were characterized by structural and magnetic characterization techniques. The uniaxial out-of-plane strain anisotropy field estimated from X-ray diffraction data varied from 0.5 to 4.kOe for the films, showed an increase with increasing film thickness, and the highest values were for films on (100)YAG. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements at 5 to 10 GHz also revealed the presence of a growth induced uniaxial anisotropy field as high as 450 Oe in the films, that decreased with increasing film thickness. The FMR line-width varied from 19.5 Oe to 82 Oe with films on (100) YAG showing the smallest values. The PLD YIG films on YAG substrates exhibiting a large perpendicular anisotropy field have the potential for use in sensors and high frequency devices.
Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of sexual and reproductive health rights among undergraduates in state universities in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera Upuli , Abeysena Chrishantha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) are universal. The objective was to describe the knowledge and attitudes and explore the perceptions regarding SRHR among undergraduates.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 1575 undergraduates using stratified cluster sampling of the selected universities. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was administered to assess knowledge and attitudes on SRHR. In addition, focus group discussions were conducted to explore perceptions and attitudes regarding SRHR.Three hundred and eighty-five (24.4%, n=385) undergraduates had good knowledge, 604 (38.3%) had satisfactory knowledge and 586 (37.2%) had poor knowledge on SRHR. Males and undergraduates who had studied in bioscience stream had better knowledge than the other categories (p<0.001). Majority of undergraduates (93.4%, n=1463) agreed with the statement aimed at equal say among both men and women in sexual relationships, 1234 (78.8%) agreed that a woman has a right to refuse sex with her male partner anytime she wants and 511(32.7%) said women should be submissive to men. Only a very few (3.1%, n=48) thought that the child-care would-be women’s sole response. School education, law, media and culture were identified as being related to the protection and violations of rights. Suggestions were made for the improvement of SRRs including strengthening of education and proper implementation of law. Conclusion: Undergraduates’ knowledge on SRHR was not in an acceptable level, however their attitudes were positive. Effective educational program should be implemented.
Determining Factors Affecting Carbon Emissions by Panel Quantile Regressions Analysis in Visegrad Group
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , İlarslan Kenan , Yıldız Münevvere , Vo Xuan Vinh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study determines the impacts of gross domestic product, domestic bank credits given to private sector, and military expenditures on carbon emissions based on 1990-2019 time period. The panel quantile regression approach is applied for the Visegrád group countries. Our empirical results reveal that domestic bank credit given to private sector has a positive and meaningful impact on carbon emissions at medium and high quantile levels. On other hand, it has been determined that gross domestic product has a reducing impact on carbon emissions, but military expenditures have an increasing impact on carbon emissions. Besides, as consequences of such tests, the difference between the quantiles, that is, the heterogeneous structure was revealed. A separate model was created with a different panel quantile approach for robustness control, and the results were compared by giving different values to penalty term. These results provide strong evidence for decision-makers and implementers.
The comparison of ABA and humic acid on the expression of some drought related genes in wheat
Authors: YUKSEL ESRA ARSLAN 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Drought is a common abiotic stress restricting plant growth and yield. Plants develop multiplicity responses such as abscisic acid (ABA) which is a broad-spectrum phytohormone involved not only in regulating development but also in coordinating various stress signal pathways during abiotic stresses. Numerous genes related to drought are regulated by ABA-dependent and independent pathways. Moreover, the effects of humic acid (HA) which is a biostimulant, on growth, yield and protection of plant resistance in various abiotic stresses are a well-known issue in plants. However, it is not clear the relationship between drought related genes and HA. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of the drought stress generated by -6 bar and − 8 bar PEG6000, ABA and HA treatments on malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, expression of drought genes (TaSRG, TaCP, Sal1, Era1 and TdPIP1) on tolerant (Aksel 2000 and Kırkpınar 79) and susceptible (Atlı 2002 and Kırmızı Kılçık) bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. According to the results, the expression of the genes varied depending on genotype and tissue and it was determined whether the genes used ABA-dependent or ABA-independent mechanisms to provide tolerance to stress in our promoter analysis. Sal1 and Era1 genes are thought to be biotechnologically useful in determining tolerant and susceptible genotypes. As a result, the irregularities of the biochemical changes and expression of genes that were caused by drought stress could be improved by ABA, but HA could be used as an alternative to ABA, considering the positive effects on genes.
Switchable Topological Phase Transition and Novel Nonlinear Optical Properties in ReC2H Monolayer
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Pi Hanqi , Zhou Li-Qin , Li Si , Zhou Jian , Du Aijun , Weng Hongming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Extensive investigations on topological phase transition (TPT) in three-dimensional compounds have been done. Whereas, rare in two-dimensional systems, let alone noncentrosymmetric materials. In this work, based on first-principles calculations, we explore an inversion symmetry broken structural ReC2H monolayer. We reveal that it undergoes two TPTs, namely from normal insulator to Z2 topological insulator and back to normal insulator, at the critical biaxial strain of 2.3% and 7.8%, respectively. The band inversion occurs at the generic momentum in the first TPT, while at high symmetric \(\text{K}\) point in the second one. Usually, band inversion is identified by the exchange in the components or irreducible representations of the wavefunctions. These quantities can be easily obtained in theoretical calculation but hard to be detected in experimental techniques like Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. It is well known that nonlinear optical (NLO) response is very sensitive to the components and symmetries of the engaged bands, which also incorporates information of band topology. Therefore, we study the shift current, one of the widely explored NLO responses in noncentrosymmetric systems, during the two TPTs. We find that in both cases band inversion leads to the sign change of shift vectors around the momenta where the bandgap closes and reopens. Whereas the shift current, as the overall contribution of shift vectors weighted by the absorption rate in the whole Brillouin zone, may keep its direction. This work offers insight that a scrutinized examination is highly demanded in utilizing shift current to detect TPT.
Synthesis And Characterization Of Cofe2o4 And Polypyrrole Based Composites
Authors: Aman Salma , Alharbi F. F. , Ahmad Naseeb , Ejaz Syeda Rabia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Spinel ferrites and polymer based nanocomposites are emerging as a new class of materials having potential for medical field and flexible electronic devices. Nano sized ferrites CoFe2O4 were synthesized via chemical technique called co-precipitation. The polypyrrole was produced via in-situ polymerization technique. The formation of nano-composites was completed by combining nano sized ferrites with polypyrrole. Electrical, magnetic and structural properties of samples were inspected through two probe method, vibrating sample magnetometer, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique respectively. The peak intensity of XRD was enhanced and its width reduced with rise of ferrite concentration in the nanocomposites. The dc resistivity was increased with the ferrite contents. The ferromagnetic behavior was picked through hysteresis loop. These parameters were optimized according to requirement by fixing the ferrites ratio. Samples PF-1 (25% ferrites) PF-2 (50% ferrite ratio) displays super paramagnetic phenomenon. These samples may be used in hyperthermia; a cancer treatment technique.