bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is CB₂R a hidden treasure trove for treating inflammatory diseases?
Authors: Maccarrone Mauro , Grether Uwe 
Published: October 2022

Is CB₂R a hidden treasure trove for treating inflammatory diseases?
Expert scientists, Mauro Maccarrone and Uwe Grether, explain how CB₂R can be used to treat inflammatory diseases. Looking at GPCRs, G-protein-coupled receptors, they discuss their important role in multiple physio-pathological conditions throughout the body, including treating inflammatory diseases. Receptors are important protein structures that allow cells to interact with their environment or control activities within a cell. Within these GPCRs, Grether and Maccarrone analyse the role of type-2 cannabinoid receptors (CB₂R), which represent a promising target for developing novel therapeutics to treat a plethora of diseases linked to its deregulation, as CB₂R and the closely related type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB₁R) are essential elements of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Overall, the ECS plays a fundamental role for human health and disease state, as increased local eCB levels and CB₂R expression upon inflammation/tissue injury trigger fast signaling responses in immune and other cells leading mostly to a sequence of activities of a protective nature. This allows eCBs and/or synthetic CB₂R activators to attenuate inflammation and associated tissue injury in a huge number of pathological conditions/ diseases, ranging from cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, liver, kidney, lung, neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory, skin pathologies, rheumatoid arthritis, endometriosis, to eye diseases.
KREATIVITAS GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS B PADA MASA PANDEMI RA NAWA KARTIKA DAWU TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Setyowati Eny , Sumartin Anik 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the form of teacher creativity in an effort to improve student learning outcomes despite being constrained by the pandemic. This research was conducted at RA Nawa Kartika Dawu, precisely in the hamlet of Blimbing, Dawu Village, Paron District, Ngawi Regency. This study uses a qualitative research type with the subject studied by the teacher who teaches at RA Nawa Kartika Dawu with the methods of interview, observation, and documentation. The results of the teacher's creativity research in Improving the Learning Outcomes of Class B Students during the Pandemic Period of RA Nawa Kartika Dawu for the 2020/2021 academic year showed that it was in accordance with the Emergency Curriculum Guide for Madrasahs based on the Decree of the Director General of Islamic Education Number 2791 of 2020. While the form of teacher creativity in improve student learning outcomes of class B actualized on learning strategies, methods applied and learning media used
Key Words: Teacher Creativity, Learning Outcomes, Covid-19 Pandemic.
La matrice du regard / regard sur la mémoire
Authors: Belhadi Yasmine 
Published: October 2022

Les résidus sourds de la violence coloniale se dissolvent dans l’imposante mémoire des Guerres Mondiales. Les tirailleurs sénégalais et leurs descendant·e·s réclament justice et reconnaissance pour avoir servi la France dans ses heures les plus sombres. Un besoin manifeste de réparation mémorielle se fait ressentir face à l’invisibilisation historique encouragée par l’État français. D’où vient le refus de débattre de ces crimes de l’histoire ? L’artiste Kader Attia rend visibles les traumatismes tant physiques que psychiques de ces populations dans plusieurs de ses œuvres. Cet article analyse les procédés de réparation historiques et mémoriels mis en place par le plasticien : par une approche critique des récits officiels, Kader Attia dresse un discours nouveau empreint de rapprochements historiques et spatiaux.
Les échos du silence : Paroles de confiné·e·s
Authors: Ziegelmeyer Aude , Laage Orlane 
Published: October 2022

Dans le but de proposer un espace de parole et d’échange autour de l’ébranlement de notre quotidien causé par la pandémie du Covid-19, nous avons imaginé une série de podcasts accompagnant le lancement de RadaR #5. Se focalisant à la fois sur les spécificités des différents emplois des personnes interviewées et sur les thématiques de la contagion, des rapports de domination et de violence engendrés ou accentués par la crise sanitaire, ces témoignages anonymes, visent à donner de la place aux récits individuels qui mettent à jour la blessure collective infligée par l’épidémie. Le jingle a été conçu par Vivien Knuchel et Killy Le Kid.
Les mots, les choses et les images. Apprendre à voir à une machine
Authors: Philizot Vivien 
Published: October 2022

Ces dernières années, les recherches sur l’intelligence artificielle ont fait des avancées spectaculaires dans le domaine de la vision. Des réseaux profonds de neurones semblent désormais capables de voir à notre place et de prendre des décisions sur le produit de leurs observations. Or les résistances que nous opposent depuis des siècles, à nous humains, les images et leur interprétation, ne semblent pas tomber pour autant. Apprendre à voir et à dessiner à une machine nous impose de redéfinir ce que le « voir », comme processus nécessairement imprégné par un savoir, peut bien vouloir dire. Irréductible à un champ du savoir spécifique, le problème de la vision des machines est fondamentalement un problème de culture visuelle. À l’image du cerveau, les réseaux de neurones sont souvent mobilisés comme des boîtes noires sur lesquelles nous projetons toutes sortes d’inquiétudes ou d’espérances et qui semblent résister à la moindre tentative de description. Pour tenter de comprendre ce que « voir » peut bien vouloir dire pour une machine, ce texte interroge la manière dont les réseaux profonds de neurones apprennent à lier ensemble le langage, le monde et la pensée, en examinant les détails à partir desquels la vision machinique semble s’établir.
De l’unicité de l’empreinte. Le vase Douglas de François Azambourg
Authors: Bosshardt Loïc 
Published: October 2022

Il peut sembler difficile de considérer une empreinte comme une création artistique dans la mesure où n’importe qui peut « empreindre ». À y regarder de plus près, l’empreinte cache cependant un potentiel insoupçonné. En nous appuyant sur les écrits de Georges Didi-Huberman, Hans Belting W.J.T Mitchell, Jonathan Crary et Charles Sanders Peirce, nous montrerons que l’étude même des signes constitutifs de l’empreinte permet de la percevoir autrement. Il ne s’agit plus d’observer une trace imprimée sur un support, ou le référent qui y est reproduit, mais un signe autonome ayant ses propres clefs de lecture, en abolissant la hiérarchie entre le support et la matrice. Ce type d’empreinte, nous pouvons l’observer et le comprendre grâce au vase Douglas réalisé par le designer François Azambourg en partenariat avec le CIAV de Meisenthal. Il s’agit d’un vase en verre, soufflé dans une matrice en bois de Douglas. Le vase ainsi créé semble « empreint » des nervures du pinacée à ceci près que le contact entre le moule et le verre en fusion génère des impuretés et modifie l’intégrité du modèle. L’empreinte est « lacunaire », elle n’est plus une reproduction mais un signe singulier à découvrir.
Penser au baiser
Authors: Hessami Reyhan 
Published: October 2022

Tout au long d’un processus, des observations ont été menées sur le geste le plus romantique, et signifiant du monde, et pourtant le plus simple attachement du quotidien : le baiser. Sous forme de journal de bord classé par jour, lieu et heure, les recherches sont dédiées à l’identité du baiser et à sa représentation. Il s’agit également de mettre en avant la place évocatoire du baiser, et des éléments extérieurs qui ont pu le valoriser. Le tout, sous la perception et la position de son auteure : une femme cisgenre, passionnée par ce geste.
Les malentendus culturels au sein des Jeux de la Francophonie
Authors: Edou Axel Nguema 
Published: October 2022

Organisés en deux principaux volets (sportif et culturel), les jeux de la francophonie offrent aux pays de l’espace francophone, en particulier, un moment d’échange et de confrontation avec l’altérité. C’est en ce sens qu’ils se définissent comme la « voix de la diversité ». Cette rencontre avec les cultures particulières de chaque pays se fait-elle sans confusions, sans dissensions, et sans désaccords, autrement dit sans malentendus ?Le présent article découle d’une étude consacrée à la place des pratiques corporelles traditionnelles africaines aux jeux de la francophonie. En examinant près de 90 vidéos (de trois minutes chacune) des différentes éditions des jeux de la francophonie (de 1989 à 2009), nous avons mis un accent particulier sur le volet culturel de ces jeux. Ainsi, après une observation minutieuse du volet culturel, nous nous sommes rendu compte de certains malentendus culturels « latents » qui existent au sein des jeux de la francophonie. On peut alors se demander pourquoi des malentendus culturels au sein d’une institution qui prône la diversité surviennent.C’est à travers une analyse sociohistorique et socio-anthropologique que nous découvrons les limites des mises en confrontation des cultures différentes des pays prenant part à ces jeux. Par conséquent, l’étude révèle les limites de compétitivité des cultures. Car il est difficile de mettre en compétition des pratiques culturelles qui n’ont pas les mêmes signifiants et les mêmes finalités. Il en résulte donc au sein de ces jeux une forme de compétitivité politico-subjective des cultures.
New Coccinellidae (Coleoptera, Coccinelloidea) from Napo Province in Ecuador
Authors: Szawaryn Karol , Czerwiński Tomasz 
Published: October 2022

Examination of Coccinellidae material recently collected from Napo Province in Ecuador revealed 38 species of ladybird beetles, of which six are new: Chnoodes yanayacu sp. nov., Cyrea mcclarini sp. nov., Eupalea borowieci sp. nov., Exoplectra misahualli sp. nov., Hyperaspis rutai sp. nov., Toxotoma gonzalezi sp. nov. Seven species are recorded for the first time from Ecuador: Cyrea noticollis (Mulsant, 1850), Eupalea formosa Mulsant, 1850, Epilachna transverselineata (Mader, 1858), Psyllobora marshalli Crotch, 1874, Toxotoma fuscopilosa (Weise, 1902), Toxotoma taeniola (Gordon, 1975), Zenoria linteolata Mulsant, 1850. For three species: Epilachna obtusiforma Gordon, 1975, Hinda ecuadorica Gordon & Canepari, 2013 and Siola atra González, 2015, supplementary notes on the original descriptions are provided. New name combinations are proposed for six species, which are transferred to the genus Toxotoma Weise, 1900: Toxotoma aequatorialis (Gordon, 1975), Toxotoma chigata (Gordon, 1975), Toxotoma flavocirculus (González, 2015), Toxotoma fuscopilosa, Toxotoma hybridula (Gordon, 1975), Toxotoma taeniola. The occurrence of Scymnus interruptus (Goeze, 1777) in Ecuador is also confirmed.
Cardiovascular disease and subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders: a nationwide sibling-controlled study
Authors: Shen Qing , Song Huan , Aspelund Thor , Yu Jingru , Lu Donghao , Jakobsdóttir Jóhanna , Bergstedt Jacob , Yi Lu , Sullivan Patrick , Sjölander Arvid , Ye Weimin , Fall Katja , Fang Fang , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur 
Published: October 2022

Background:The association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and selected psychiatric disorders has frequently been suggested while the potential role of familial factors and comorbidities in such association has rarely been investigated.Methods:We identified 869,056 patients newly diagnosed with CVD from 1987 to 2016 in Sweden with no history of psychiatric disorders, and 910,178 full siblings of these patients as well as 10 individually age- and sex-matched unrelated population controls (N = 8,690,560). Adjusting for multiple comorbid conditions, we used flexible parametric models and Cox models to estimate the association of CVD with risk of all subsequent psychiatric disorders, comparing rates of first incident psychiatric disorder among CVD patients with rates among unaffected full siblings and population controls.Results:The median age at diagnosis was 60 years for patients with CVD and 59.2% were male. During up to 30 years of follow-up, the crude incidence rates of psychiatric disorder were 7.1, 4.6, and 4.0 per 1000 person-years for patients with CVD, their siblings and population controls. In the sibling comparison, we observed an increased risk of psychiatric disorder during the first year after CVD diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.62–2.87) and thereafter (1.45; 95% CI, 1.42–1.48). Increased risks were observed for all types of psychiatric disorders and among all diagnoses of CVD. We observed similar associations in the population comparison. CVD patients who developed a comorbid psychiatric disorder during the first year after diagnosis were at elevated risk of subsequent CVD death compared to patients without such comorbidity (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.44–1.67).Conclusions:Patients diagnosed with CVD are at an elevated risk for subsequent psychiatric disorders independent of shared familial factors and comorbid conditions. Comorbid psychiatric disorders in patients with CVD are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular mortality suggesting that surveillance and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities should be considered as an integral part of clinical management of newly diagnosed CVD patients.Funding:This work was supported by the EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Action Grant (CoMorMent, grant no. 847776 to UV, PFS, and FF), Grant of Excellence, Icelandic Research Fund (grant no. 163362-051 to UV), ERC Consolidator Grant (StressGene, grant no. 726413 to UV), Swedish Research Council (grant no. D0886501 to PFS), and US NIMH R01 MH123724 (to PFS).
Primary Neoplasms of the Brain in Adults
Authors: Smith‐Cohn Matthew A. , Gilbert Mark R. 
Published: October 2022

OverviewIn 2021, it is expected that at least 700,000 people in the United States will be living with a primary brain tumor.Primary brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from nervous system tissue and the surrounding meninges. Unique to these cancers is a presentation of neurologic symptoms such as seizures, worsened headaches, weakness, personality changes, impaired cognition, and speech difficulty. It is estimated that 70% of brain tumors are benign (most commonly meningiomas), while 30% are malignant (most commonly gliomas). Malignant brain tumors are among the most challenging cancers to treat, due to limited effective therapies and difficulty of drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier. Despite the challenges, there has been a tremendous amount of knowledge gained about these neoplasms over the past decade. The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors (CNS) introduced the integration of histologic evaluation and molecular alterations to make a more informed diagnosis of these alterations, which have prognostic implications. This article will review the most encountered primary brain neoplasms and their management approaches.
Artificial Muscles and Soft Robotic Devices for Treatment of End‐Stage Heart Failure
Authors: Weymann Alexander , Foroughi Javad , Vardanyan Robert , Punjabi Prakash P. , Schmack Bastian , Aloko Sinmisola , Spinks Geoffrey M. , Wang Chun H. , Arjomandi Rad Arian , Ruhparwar Arjang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMedical soft robotics constitutes a rapidly developing field in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, with a promising future for millions of patients suffering from heart failure worldwide. Herein, the present state and future direction of artificial muscle‐based soft robotic biomedical devices in supporting the inotropic function of the heart are reviewed, focusing on the emerging electrothermally artificial heart muscles (AHMs). Artificial muscle powered soft robotic devices can mimic the action of complex biological systems such as heart compression and twisting. These artificial muscles possess the ability to undergo complex deformations, aiding cardiac function while maintaining a limited weight and use of space. Two very promising candidates for artificial muscles are electrothermally actuated AHMs and biohybrid actuators using living cells or tissue embedded with artificial structures. Electrothermally actuated AHMs have demonstrated superior force generation while creating the prospect for fully soft robotic actuated ventricular assist devices. This review will critically analyze the limitations of currently available devices and discuss opportunities and directions for future research. Last, the properties of the cardiac muscle are reviewed and compared with those of different materials suitable for mechanical cardiac compression.
Ultra‐Fast Portable and Wearable Sensing Design for Continuous and Wide‐Spectrum Molecular Analysis and Diagnostics
Authors: Maity Arnab , Milyutin Yana , Maidantchik Vivian Darsa , Pollak Yael Hershkovitz , Broza Yoav , Omar Rawan , Zheng Youbin , Saliba Walaa , Huynh Tan‐Phat , Haick Hossam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe design and characterization of spatiotemporal nano‐/micro‐structural arrangement that enable real‐time and wide‐spectrum molecular analysis is reported and demonestrated in new horizons of biomedical applications, such as wearable‐spectrometry, ultra‐fast and onsite biopsy‐decision‐making for intraoperative surgical oncology, chiral‐drug identification, etc. The spatiotemporal sesning arrangement is achieved by scalable, binder‐free, functionalized hybrid spin‐sensitive (<↑| or <↓|) graphene‐ink printed sensing layers on free‐standing films made of porous, fibrous, and naturally helical cellulose networks in hierarchically stacked geometrical configuration (HSGC). The HSGC operates according to a time‐space‐resolved architecture that modulate the mass‐transfer rate for separation, eluation and detection of each individual compound within a mixture of the like, hereby providing a mass spectrogram. The HSGC could be used for a wide range of applictions, including fast and real‐time spectrogram generator of volatile organic compounds during liquid‐biopsy, without the need of any immunochemistry‐staining and complex power‐hungry cryogenic machines; and wearable spectrometry that provide spectral signature of molecular profiles emiited from skin in the course of various dietry conditions.
Development, implementation, and refinement of a comprehensive postcardiac arrest care training course in Japan
Authors: Endo Tomoyuki , Gaieski David F. , Nagao Ken , Nonogi Hiroshi , Kikuchi Migaku , Arimoto Hideki , Hase Mamoru , Kasaoka Shunji , Takeda Satoshi , Hanada Hiroyuki , Tahara Yoshio , Takahashi Hiroshi , Kuroda Yasuhiro , Masao Nagayama , Matsushima Hisao ,   Japanese Circulation Society Emergency and Critical Care Committee
Published: October 2022

AimIn Japan, no training course is dedicated to postcardiac arrest care (PCAC), including venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO); thus, faculty members of the Japanese Circulation Society developed an original, comprehensive PCAC training course. This report reviews the development, implementation, and refinement of this PCAC training course.MethodsWe examined the preserved data from the Japanese Circulation Society PCAC training courses between 2014 and 2020. Data related to the learning content and number of the attendees and instructors were collected and summarized.ResultsSixteen courses were held between August 2014 and February 2020, before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. A total of 677 health care providers participated: 351 doctors, 225 nurses, 62 perfusionists, five emergency medical professionals, and two pharmacists. Thirty‐two attendees’ data were missing. The core learning contents of all the courses included a standardized postcardiac arrest algorithm, targeted temperature management, VA‐ECMO cannulation skills, and postcannulation management. Concerning curriculum evolution, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation simulation, postarrest neurological examination and monitoring, and ultrasound‐guided Seldinger technique training were added in the 4th, 5th, and 13th courses, respectively.ConclusionThe Japanese Circulation Society PCAC training course has been developed and refined to provide an organized, comprehensive opportunity for health care providers to acquire specific knowledge and skills in PCAC and VA‐ECMO.
Fullerene‐Derived Porous and Defective N‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets as Advanced Trifunctional Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts
Authors: He Zhimin , Zhou Ziwei , Wei Peng , Xu Ting , Han Jiantao , Huang Keke , Guo Kun , Huang Wenhuan , Akasaka Takeshi , Lu Xing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDopants and defects are crucial for multifunctional carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts, but the rational design and facile production remain as a big challenge. Herein, we report a novel strategy using salt‐assisted pyrolysis of derivatized fullerenes to fabricate defect‐rich and N‐doped carbon nanosheets. Molecular level modification of C60 via amination and hydroxylation gives rise to well‐defined fullerol molecules bearing N‐containing groups (FNG). Subsequent calcination of FNG and NaCl at 750 °C generates porous carbon nanosheets (FNCNs‐750) and turns the N‐containing groups into high‐level N dopants (12.43 at.%). Further pyrolysis of FNCNs‐750 at 900 °C (FNCNs‐900) leads to a reduced N content populated by graphitic‐N. Meanwhile, abundant intrinsic defects (e. g., topological defects and edges) are created due to the breakdown of fullerene cages and partial removal of edged N atoms. These structural features endow FNCNs‐900 with outstanding trifunctional catalytic performance, better than or close to the noble metal‐based benchmark catalysts.
An improved nonlinear extended state observer with adaptive variable gain
Authors: Yang Yang , Xie Yanqing , Dai Chunhui , Long Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an improved nonlinear extended observer with adaptive gain (ANESO), which can be applied to systems with large disturbance amplitude changes without parameter re‐tuning. An ANESO is added an adaptive factor to the gain of the original NESO. The expression of is obtained by assuming that nonlinear extended states observer (NESO) and linear extended states observer (LESO) has the same characteristic of steady‐state error when the amplitude of disturbance turns. On this basis, an adaptive adjustment algorithm based on tracking error is designed. In addition, the stability of the proposed ANESO is analyzed by using the Routh‐Hurwitz criterion. Finally, through simulation experiments, the observation performance of ANESO was compared with NESO and switching extended state observer (SESO). The experimental results demonstrate that the observation performance of ANESO is hardly affected by the disturbance amplitude, and moreover, its observation precision is higher than that of NESO and SESO.