bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of PPAR in the Pharmacological Regulation of Lipoprotein Metabolism by Fibrates and Thiazolidinediones
Authors: Staels Bart , Auwerx Johan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors or PPARs constitute a subfamily of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of transcription factors. PPARs form heterodimeric complexes with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor (RXR), which bind to specific response elements, termed peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE), located in the regulatory regions of target genes. As such they modulate the transcri­ ptional activity of genes, the majority of which are involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. To date three PPAR variants, a, (◊) and y, have been identified, each displaying a specific tissue distribution pattern. Although the function of the PPARO variant remains unknown, evidence coming from different rodent model systems indicates
that the PPARa plays a crucial role in hepatic lipid metabolism, whereas PPARy participates in adipocyte differentiation and function. Although only for PPARy natural (prostaglandin J2) and synthetic (the thiazolidinedione BRL 49653) ligands have been identified sofar, all PPARs are activated by a wide variety of chemicals amongst which the hypolipidemic drugs fibrates and the antidiabetic thiazolidinediones. Evidence is now accumulating that the hypotriglyceridemic action of fibrates in humans is primarily mediated via activation of PPARa in liver resulting in the repression of the expression of apo C-III, a key-player in plasma triglyceride metabolism. In addition the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-raising activity of fibrates is linked to a PPARa- mediated induction of the major HDL apolipoproteins, apo A-I and apo A-II in liver. By contrast, whereas the link between PPARy activation and glucose metabolism is still unclear, the antidiabetic thiazolidinediones exert a potent hypotriglyceridemic action via the induction of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression in adipose tissue. Due to the involvement of different PPAR variants, fibrates and thiazolidinediones act through distinct and complementary mechanisms on plasma triglyceride metabolism. The identification of the molecular mechanism of action of these pharmacological agents, and the role distinct transcription factors of the PPAR family play therein, suggests that compounds activating both PPARa and PPARy should be very potent hypotriglyceridemic drugs, which may be of use in the treatment of the dyslipidemia associated with atherosclerosis and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Quinolones, 2-Pyridones and Resistant Type II DNA Topoisomerases
Authors: Shen Linus. L. , Tanaka S. Ken , Chu Daniel. T.W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, the bacterial type II DNA topoisomerases, are known to be the targets of fluoroquinolones. The l1uoroquinolones have rapid bactericidal action derived from their dual actions to inhibit the catalytic activity of the essential enzymes and to form a stable enzyme-DNA cleavable complex. These actions lead to a quick arrest of DNA replication, inhibition of DNA segregation and induction of irreversible DNA damage. These inhibitors have a relatively simple chemical structure, but are extremely potent with antibacterial activity reaching to a few nanograms per milliliter. The high potency and specificity of the inhibitor are believed to be achieved, using DNA gyrase as a model, by their unique capability to bind cooperatively to a
partially denatured DNA pocket created by the target enzyme during the strand breaking-passing steps of the catalysis. The future of the clinical use of quinolones is shadowed by the recent development of resistance which primarily results from mutations in the structural genes of the target enzymes. Therefore, one of the current efforts in this area of research is to develop means to overcome the drug resistance. Using a filter-binding assay, we found that ABT-719, a recently discovered compound in the new 2-pyridone family, has unique activity toward resistant E. coli DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Differe11tial activity analysis also demonstrate that the 2-pyridone is more potent against DNA gyrase than topoisomerase IV in terms of their DNA breakage activity in vitro. This is consistent with the genetic analysis results obtained with E. coli that the primary target of these drugs is DNA gyrase but not topoisomerase IV. Using the 'conformation switch model', we hypothesize that this class of compound may have unique capability to fit the mutated binding site which consists of both DNA and the enzyme.
Transcriptional Profiling of TGF-β Superfamily Members in Lumbar
DRGs of Rats Following Sciatic Nerve Axotomy and Activin C Inhibits Neuropathic
Pain
Authors: Liu Xing-Jun , Zhang Feng-Ming , Wang Bing , Hu Han , Li Qing-Yi , Chen Hao-Hao , Luo Li-Ting , Jiang Zuo-Jie , Zeng Mei-Xing 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Neuroinflammation and cytokines play critical roles in neuropathic pain and axon degeneration/regeneration. Cytokines of transforming growth factor-β superfamily have implications in pain and injured nerve repair processing. However, the transcriptional profiles of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily members in dorsal root ganglia under neuropathic pain and axon degeneration/regeneration conditions remain elusive.

Objective:
We aimed to plot the transcriptional profiles of transforming growth factor-β superfamily components in lumbar dorsal root ganglia of nerve axotomized rats and to further verify the profiles by testing the analgesic effect of activin C, a representative cytokine, on neuropathic pain.

Methods:
Adult male rats were axotomized in sciatic nerves and lumbar dorsal root ganglia were isolated for total RNA extraction or section. A custom microarray was developed and employed to plot the gene expression profiles of transforming growth factor-β superfamily components. Real-time RT-PCR was used to confirm changes in the expression of activin/inhibin family genes, and then in situ hybridization was performed to determine the cellular locations of activin βC mRNAs. Rat spared nerve injury model was performed and pain test was employed to determine the effect of activin C on neuropathic pain.

Results:
The expression of transforming growth factor-β superfamily cytokines and their signaling, including some receptors and signaling adaptors, were robustly upregulated. Activin βC subunit mRNAs were expressed in the small-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons and upregulated after axotomy. Single intrathecal injection of activin C inhibited neuropathic pain in spared nerve injury model.

Conclusion:
This is the first report to investigate the transcriptional profiles of members of transforming growth factor-β superfamily in axotomized dorsal root ganglia. The distinct cytokine profiles observed here might provide clues toward further study of the role of transforming growth factor-β superfamily in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and axon degeneration/regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.
Perception and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) among Dental Professionals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aboalshamat Khalid T. 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the new buzzword that is trendy in multiple branches of dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess perceptions and utilization of AI among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study investigating 389 dental students and dentists from 22 cities in Saudi Arabia using a validated self-reported questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 49.4% of participants reported knowing what AI is; 44.5% reported having basic knowledge of AI principles, and 42.2% know of AI uses in dentistry. The most common AI information source was social media (66.07%). Out of 17 AI attitude items, 16 were scored above the midpoint. A total of 75.0% of participants agreed or strongly agreed AI will lead to major advances in dentistry. In contrast, 49.1% agreed or strongly agreed that AI could replace dentists in the future. There were no significant differences by gender or region, but students and interns had significantly higher attitude scores than did dentists. There was a widespread desire to take professional courses in dental AI use (69.7%), and some had used dental AI applications (25.4%) or taken an AI course (18.5%–20.3%). The most common barriers to dental AI use were non-availability of courses (73%) and lack of time (68.9%).

Conclusion:
Dental professionals in Saudi Arabia have moderate awareness levels and high rates of good attitudes about AI in dentistry. However, AI use in practice is limited. Incorporating AI in dental curricula is crucial due to the worldwide digital transformation.
Pleural Infections: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates and Associated Factors in Suspected Hospitalized Patients at Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Alelign Dagninet , Ameya Gemechu , Siraj Munira , Fenta Fikremariam 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Pleural infection remains a clinical problem with high morbidity and mortality all over the world. Antimicrobial options are uncertain due to the lack of understanding of the bacteriology of pleural infection. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine bacteriological profiles, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with pleural infection.

Methods:
An institution-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in Arba Minch General Hospital from 1st January to 30th November 2020. Socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire. Adducted amounts of pleural fluid samples were collected aseptically with sterile test tubes. Standard procedures were utilized for bacterial identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby–Disk Bauer's diffusion method. Version 25 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 152 hospitalized patients were enrolled in this study. The overall magnitude of bacterial pleural infection was 27.6%. The predominant bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus with 34.9%, followed by Escherichia coli with 11.6%. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates account for around 48.8% of all isolates, with Gram-positive bacterial isolates accounting for 71.4%. Methicillin-resistant was found in 26.7% and 33.3% of isolated Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), respectively. One isolate of Enterococcus spp. was found to be vancomycin-resistant. All isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes were susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, and vancomycin. Likewise, isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa was susceptible to piperacillin. The pleural infection showed a statistically significant association with age group less than or equal to 25 years old (p<0.001), hospital admission for more than seven days (p<0.007), chest tube drainage (p<0.021), previous history of pneumonia (p<0.029) and habit of alcohol drinking (p<0.029).

Conclusion:
The overall rate of culture-confirmed pleural infection was high, and a considerable percentage of bacteria isolates showed increased resistant to routinely used antibiotics, indicating that more attention is needed to follow the spread and emergence of drug-resistant bacterial agents.
Association between Survivin rs9904341 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Acne Vulgaris
Authors: El-Beah Shimaa M. , ELmansoury Eman , Alghobary Moheiddin , El-Desoky Manal M. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Acne vulgaris (AV), common dermatopathology, has a complex etiopathogenesis with a genetic background. The Survivin gene, which encodes an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, has been linked to some dermatologic disorders. The relationship between Survivin gene polymorphisms and AV has not yet been explored.

Objective:
To study the effect of survivin gene polymorphism rs9904341 and survivin serum concentration on the development of AV in Egyptian patients.

Methods:
Serum survivin was estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time quantitative PCR using allelic discrimination probes was conducted to investigate the rs9904341 polymorphism in the survivin gene in 118 AV patients and 120 healthy controls.

Results:
The serum survivin levels were significantly higher in AV patients than controls. Also, it was positively correlated with acne severity. The C allele was significantly more observed in acne patients compared to healthy controls. Patients with the C allele had 1.6 times higher odds of exhibiting acne than those with the G allele. The C/C genotype was significantly more observed in cases versus controls. Patients with the C/C genotype had 2.8 times higher odds of exhibiting acne as compared to those with the G/G genotype. However, no significant association was found between genotype distribution and grades of acne severity.

Conclusion:
Results showed significant associations between survivin gene rs9904341 genotypes and AV susceptibility, although it was not related to acne severity and could not be used as a marker of disease activity.

Abbreviations:
AV: Acne vulgaris, GAGS: Global Acne Rating System, SNPs: Single nucleotide polymorphisms.
A Novel Curricular Approach to Teach Quality Improvement and Health Disparities in a Family Medicine Clerkship
Authors: de la Cruz Maria Syl , Casola Allison R. , Smith Kelsey , Kelly Samantha , Bernstein Eva , Kelly Erin L. 
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Medical schools must integrate educational curricula that teach how to apply quality improvement principles to improve care for vulnerable populations. In this report, we describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a combined quality improvement (QI) and health disparities curriculum for third-year family medicine clerkship students.
Methods: After conducting an educational needs assessment, we developed a health disparities curriculum focused on QI principles for the family medicine clerkship. From November 2019 through August 2021, third-year medical students (N=395) completed the curriculum. The curriculum was delivered in an asynchronous online format, followed by a small group collaboration project to design and present a QI intervention through process mapping. Students also completed an individual reflection assignment that focused on care for vulnerable populations. Pre- and postassessment questions were administered on Qualtrics, after review by the clerkship director, research faculty and staff, and content experts for content and item validity. We analyzed quantitative data using SPSS version 27 software and used paired t tests for pre/post comparisons.
Results: In total, 392 students completed the preassessment survey, 395 students completed the postassessment surveys, and 341 had matching study identifiers. Pre-to-post assessment survey evaluations showed statistically significant changes for nine out of nine QI knowledge questions (P&lt;.001), knowledge regarding a community health needs assessment (P&lt;.001), and knowledge about caring for vulnerable populations (homeless, veterans, immigrants/refugees; P&lt;.001).
Conclusions: Preliminary evaluation of a combined QI and health disparities curriculum shows improvement in students’ self-reported knowledge of use of a community health needs assessment, QI principles, and care for vulnerable populations.
SweetMama: Usability Assessment of a Novel Mobile Application Among Low-Income Pregnant People to Assist With Diabetes Management and Support
Authors: Yee Lynn M. , Leziak Karolina , Jackson Jenise , Niznik Charlotte , Saber Rana , Yeh Chen , Simon Melissa A. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Mobile health tools may be effective strategies to improve engagement, education, and diabetes-related health during pregnancy. We developed SweetMama, a patient-centered, interactive mobile application (app) designed to support and educate low-income pregnant people with diabetes. Our objective was to evaluate the SweetMama user experience and acceptability.

Methods
SweetMama is a mobile app with static and dynamic features. Static features include a customized homepage and resource library. Dynamic features include delivery of a theory-driven diabetes-specific curriculum via 1) motivational, tip, and goal-setting messages aligning with treatment and gestational age; 2) appointment reminders; and 3) ability to mark content as “favorite.” In this usability assessment, low-income pregnant people with gestational or type 2 diabetes used SweetMama for 2 weeks. Participants provided qualitative feedback (via interviews) and quantitative feedback (via validated usability/satisfaction measures) on their experience. User analytic data detailed the duration and type of interactions users had with SweetMama.

Results
Of 24 individuals enrolled, 23 used SweetMama and 22 completed exit interviews. Participants were mostly non-Hispanic Black (46%) or Hispanic (38%) individuals. Over the 14-day period, users accessed SweetMama frequently (median number of log-ins 8 [interquartile range 6–10]), for a median of 20.5 total minutes, and engaged all features. A majority (66.7%) rated SweetMama as having moderate or high usability. Participants emphasized design and technical strengths and beneficial effects on diabetes self-management and also identified limitations of the user experience.

Conclusion
Pregnant people with diabetes found SweetMama to be user-friendly, informative, and engaging. Future work must study its feasibility for use throughout pregnancy and its efficacy to improve perinatal outcomes.
The Influence of Product Quality, Service Quality and Brand Trust on Purchase Decisions and Their Implications on Customer Satisfaction on Indihome Services
Authors: Pamuji Agung , Fachrodji Achmad 
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of product quality, service and brand trust on purchasing decisions and their effect on customer satisfaction with indihome services. The subjects of this study are indihome users in the DKI Jakarta area. The study was conducted with 145 respondents. Determine the sample size using purposive sampling technique. The method used in this study uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Smart-PLS analysis tool. The results of this study show that product quality, service and brand trust have a significant effect on purchasing decisions, product quality has no significant effect on customer satisfaction, service quality has a significant effect on customer satisfaction, and brand trust has no significant effect on customer satisfaction, purchasing decisions have no significant effect on customer satisfaction. significantly increase customer satisfaction.
Unlocking Additional Revenue by Early Deactivation of Condensate Processing Plant: Case Research in Banua Petroleum Company
Authors: Permadi Ilham Setia , Sudrajad Oktofa Yudha 
Published: October 2022

Banua Petroleum Company holds 20 years of Production Sharing Contract (PSC) to manage Oil and gas field in East Borneo field by Government. The field has been producing hydrocarbons (Natural Gas, Oil and Condensate) for over than 50 years and in its declining phase. By nature, production decline is inevitable even though new wells were drilled and being maintained properly, while production cost increases as the aging of production facility. Refer to production forecast, The Company will deactivate Condensate Processing Plant (CPP) at the end of 2033 as condensate production will be below turn down capacity. While Oil Processing Plant (OPP) can still operate, since oil production will still above turn-down capacity at least until 2038. This study will provide a thorough analysis of CPP’s early deactivation (in 2023) by diverting all condensate production to OPP (instead of CPP), to unlock additional revenue to The Company. Business situation analysis and project economic is done in this study by considering Oil & Condensate’s market price difference and cost of revenue structure changes. Project valuation are calculated by Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) by applying cost-recovery term of PSC. While the risk is assessed by performing simulating uncertainties of parameters and review its sensitivities to the outcome.
The Effect of Parental Attention on Learning Outcomes in Elementary School Students
Authors: Susiani Tri S. , Amalia Laely R. , Salimi Moh , Fauziah Muna 
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the positive and significant influence and the magnitude of the effective contribution of parental attention on mathematics learning outcomes in elementary school students. This quantitative research employed the correlation method. The research samples were 260 public elementary school students in the Central Java, taken by cluster random sampling. Research data were collected by distributing questionnaires and test instruments. The data were then analyzed utilizing the SPSS version 25 application. From the regression analysis performed, the t-count value was 8.909 ≥ t-table of 1.969, and the Sig. was 0.000 ≤ 0.05. It indicates that parental attention had a positive and significant effect on students' mathematics learning outcomes. In addition, the correlation analysis results obtained r-count = 0.485 > r-table (df = 260) = 0.121, with an effective contribution value of 23.5%. Thus, it is concluded that there was a significant influence and effective contribution of parental attention on the learning outcomes of public elementary school students in the Gebang Sub-district, Purworejo Regency.
Characterisation of the Chemical Composition of Aningeria robusta: A. Chev WOOD
Authors: Nabirye John F. , Nwosu Samuel 
Published: October 2022

The study was carried out to assess the chemical composition of Aningeria robusta wood. Two stands of Aningeria robusta were purposely sampled for felling at The National Forestry Resources Research Institute (NAFORRI), Kifu, Uganda. From each felled tree, samples were taken at the base, middle and top portions of the merchantable height and were later partitioned into core wood, middle wood and outer wood across the radial plane. A split plot statistical method was used to test the significance of the variability in the wood chemical components examined at a 5% level of probability. A followup Duncan Multiple Ranged Test was also carried out to further examine the extent of significance. The results showed that the mean value for cellulose content was 46.78%, with a consistent pattern of variation occurring both along the tree and across the radical plane. Also, a significant effect was noticed radially and axially. The lignin content had a mean value of 22.20%. It ranged from 20.48 to 23.04%, with an increasing pattern of variation from base to top and core wood to outer wood. The extractive content mean value was 5.0%. It ranged from 4.25 to 5.65%, increasing steadily from base to top and from core wood to outer wood. There was significant effect at P=0.05, both along and across the tree. The results obtained from the research study shows that the percentage chemical composition of Aningeria robusta is satisfactory for a typical hardwood species. The chemical components in the main vary in a consistent pattern both in axial and radial directions. The rich cellulose base of A. robusta wood makes it a good potential resource for paper-making furnishing. Therefore, wood Aningeria robusta should be explored for the chemical production of pulp for papermaking. The significant content of extractive in A. robusta also suggests conferment of natural durability to the wood. Hence, A. robusta wood can be recommended for structural application as suitable substitute for such known wood species as Milicia excelsa and Tectona grandis that are fast going into extinction due to over-exploitation.