bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for vancomycin‐associated acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Jee Yun , Yee Jeong , Yoon Ha Young , Han Ji Min , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: June 2022

AimsThis systematic literature review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the risk factors for vancomycin‐associated acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence.MethodsThis study assessed risk factors for vancomycin‐associated AKI in adult patients by searching studies from PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase. Random effect models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsFifty‐three studies were included in our meta‐analysis. For patient factors, black race (OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.16–1.87), Caucasian (OR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58–0.90) and obesity (OR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.12–1.90) were associated with an increase in vancomycin‐associated AKIs. In terms of vancomycin‐related factors, longer treatment duration (>14 d; OR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.06–2.83), serum vancomycin trough level >15 μg/mL (OR 2.10, 95% CI: 1.43–3.07) and vancomycin trough level >20 μg/mL (OR 2.84, 95% CI: 1.48–5.44) increased the risks of vancomycin‐associated AKI. For comorbidities and clinical factors, renal disease (OR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.51–3.17) showed the highest odds of vancomycin‐associated AKI, followed by hepatic disease, intensive care unit admission, heart failure, sepsis, coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. For concomitant nephrotoxic drugs, amphotericin B (OR 5.21, 95% CI: 3.44–7.87) showed the highest odds of vancomycin‐associated AKI, followed by acyclovir (OR 3.22, 95% CI: 1.39–7.46), vasopressors, loop diuretics, piperacillin–tazobactam and aminoglycoside. The use of any concomitant nephrotoxic agent (OR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.17–2.58) increased the odds of vancomycin‐associated AKI.ConclusionOur results may help predict the risk of vancomycin‐associated AKI in the clinical setting.
Impact of combining vancomycin with proton pump inhibitors on the incidence of acute kidney injury
Authors: Aljohani Hanouf A. , Alharbi Hadeel A. , Basurrah Sarah A. , Alamoudi Sarah A. , Thabit Abrar K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVancomycin is a potent antibiotic against Gram‐positive bacteria; however, its use can be limited by nephrotoxicity. Several reports showed that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with renal impairment. Many hospitalized patients are prescribed both drugs. As the literature lacks data on the potential augmentation of acute kidney injury (AKI) risk with this combination, we aimed to assess such risk. This was a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients receiving either VAN‐PPI or VAN alone for ≥72 h. Patients with a baseline serum creatinine (SCr) of ≥1.5 mg/dL were excluded. AKI incidence was assessed 3–5 days post VAN‐PPI or VAN initiation. Of 300 patients, 186 were in the VAN‐PPI group and 114 in the VAN group. The percentage of patients meeting AKI definition was not different between the two groups (11.8% vs. 7.9%; P = 0.277); however, the percentage change in SCr on Days 3–5 was only numerically higher in the VAN‐PPI group (1% vs. −2.4%; P = 0.242). The distribution of patients meeting different RIFLE class criteria was not different (P = 0.320). Using VAN with PPI was not associated with augmented AKI risk. However, monitoring kidney function would still be recommended as a standard good clinical practice when either drug is used.
Boy's math performance, compared to girls', jumps at age 6 (in the ELFE's data at least)
Authors: Fischer Jean‐Paul , Thierry Xavier 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mathematics achievement discrepancy between girls and boys, with its subsequent occupational consequences, is an issue that has received considerable attention in the literature. It is often referred to as the ‘math‐gap’ and favours boys. A major component of the explanation of this gap resides in determining its age of onset. We analyse here data from more than 10,000 (cross‐sectional study) and 2000 (longitudinal study) French students aged 4–7 years, tested in the framework of the Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE). The results allow to precisely determine the age of onset, since the gender difference, non‐existent (or even slightly in favour of girls) in kindergarten (4–5 years), is clearly in favour of boys in first grade (6–7 years). They could therefore provide an important element in the controversial debate on the origin of gender‐differentiated performance in mathematics.
Menstrual problems in chronic immune thrombocytopenia: A monthly challenge ‐ a cohort study and review
Authors: van Dijk Wobke E. M. , Punt Marieke C. , van Galen Karin P. M. , van Leeuwen Jeanette , Lely A. Titia , Schutgens Roger E. G. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) may cause menstrual problems. This cross‐sectional study assessed menstrual problems in premenopausal chronic ITP women by several questionnaires, including the pictorial bleeding assessment calendar (PBAC; score ≥100 indicates heavy menstrual bleeding [HMB]), and the menorrhagia multiattribute scale (MMAS). Spearman was used for assessing correlations. A literature review was performed in Pubmed. The cohort comprised 37 women (mean age 31 ± 9). A total of 29/37 (78%) had experienced clinical menstrual problems in the present or past. Of the 33 patients who returned the PBAC, 13 (39%) had a score of ≥100. The median MMAS score was 79 (IQR 60–95). The PBAC scores correlated with the MMAS. Both questionnaires were unrelated to the platelet count. Patients with a levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG‐IUD) had lower PBAC scores than patients with other or no hormonal therapy. MMAS scores were correlated with fatigue. The review identified 14 papers. HMB occurred in 6%–55% at ITP diagnosis and 17%–79% during disease. Menstrual symptoms influenced the quality of life, particularly in patients with a low platelet count. This explorative study suggested that HMB is frequent in women with chronic ITP despite management and platelet counts >50 *109/l. An LNG‐IUD seemed to reduce blood loss significantly.
Repayment performance of joint‐liability microcredits: Metropolitan evidence on social capital and group names
Authors: Sahan Selay , Phimister Euan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study empirically tests the predictions of four primary theories applicable to joint‐liability microcredit programs’ repayment performance using an administrative data in a metropolitan setting. We introduce a new variable, group names, as a proxy for social capital to capture cooperation, solidarity, and drive for success, which shows a significant positive impact of 9.9% on repayment performance. Precise calculations of residential distance between group members show a deterioration of repayment performance by 1.1% with a 15‐min increase in minimum walking distance. The results also show that joint liability, sectoral diversification, type of sector that the borrowers facilitate, the ratio of new members in a group, characteristics of loan officers, loan amount, interest rate, income‐loan amount coverage ratio, the existence of senior members, average education, and diversity in income streams significantly affect repayment performance.
Healing of ExcisionAl wounds on Lower legs by Secondary intention (HEALS) cohort study. Part 2: feasibility data from a multicentre prospective observational cohort study to inform a future randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gilberts Rachael , McGinnis Elizabeth , Ransom Myka , Pynn Emma V. , Walker Benjamin , Brown Sarah , Trehan Pooja , Jayasekera Prativa , Veitch David , Hussain Walayat , Collins Jemma , Abbott Rachel Angharad , Chen Kun Sen , Nixon Jane 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Compression therapy is considered beneficial for postsurgical lower leg wound healing by secondary intention; however, there is a lack of supportive evidence. To plan a randomized controlled trial (RCT), suitable data are needed.

Aim
To determine the feasibility of recruitment and estimate recruitment rate; to understand the standard postoperative wound management pathway; to determine uptake of optional additional clinic visits for healing confirmation; and to explore patient acceptability of compression bandaging and plan a future RCT.

Methods
Participant recruitment was performed from secondary care dermatology clinics, during a period of 22 months. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, planned excision of keratinocyte cancer on the lower leg with healing by secondary intention and an ankle–brachial pressure index of ≥ 0.8. Exclusion criteria were planned primary closure/graft or flap; inability to receive, comply with or tolerate high compression; planned compression; or suspected melanoma. Patients were followed up weekly (maximum 6 months) in secondary care clinics and/or by telephone. Information was collected on healthcare resource use, unplanned compression, wound healing and an optional clinic visit to confirm healing.

Results
This study recruited 58 patients from 9 secondary care dermatology clinics over 22 months. Mean recruitment/centre/month was 0.8 (range 0.1–2.3). Four centres had dedicated Research Nurse support. The analysis population (n = 53) had weekly follow-up assessments. Standard care clinical contacts were: general practitioner (7 visits; 1.2%), community nurse (169; 28.5%), practice nurse visits (189; 31.8%) and dermatology clinic visits (138; 23.2%). Participants whose wounds healed (34 of 45; 75.6%) attended an optional clinic visit.

Conclusion
Data were obtained to inform a future RCT. Recruitment rates were found to be higher in centres with dedicated research support. People would be willing to take part in a trial and attend a confirmation of healing visit.
Current activities between the DevTox Berlin workshops and the Japanese Teratology Society Terminology Committee in harmonizing the terminology for classifying anomalies in laboratory animals in developmental toxicity studies: Report from the Satellite Workshop of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Teratology Society
Authors: Kuwagata Makiko , Sato Akira , Izumi Yuko , Chihara Kazuhiro , Yamasaki Hanako , Katsumata Yoshihiro , Ooshima Yojiro , Buschmann Jochen , Fujiwara Michio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the Japanese Teratology Society has worked with the DevTox Berlin Workshops project to provide internationally consistent terminology for teratogenic effects. This paper summarizes a satellite workshop of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Teratology Society, which was entitled “Current activities between DevTox Berlin Workshops to develop a harmonized terminology for classifying anomalies in laboratory animals in developmental toxicity studies.” The Japanese Teratology Society ‐ Laboratory Animal Terminology Project (JTS‐LATP) reviewed “gray zone” anomalies and focused on developing criteria for reclassifying a large number of gray zone anomalies to clarify them and to make it easier to judge fetal categories. This effort will lead to international agreement, based on shared conceptions. The present article aimed to provide the reader with a summary of the issues discussed at the 2020 satellite meeting, which included discussions on open issues from the DevTox Berlin Workshops, ongoing work by the JTS‐LATP on gray zone (GZ) anomalies, current industrial concerns, and future challenges.
Further characterization of Borjeson‐Forssman‐Lehmann syndrome in females due to de novo variants in PHF6
Authors: Gerber Céline B. , Fliedner Anna , Bartsch Oliver , Berland Siren , Dewenter Malin , Haug Marte , Hayes Ian , Marin‐Reina Purificacion , Mark Paul R. , Martinez‐Castellano Francisco , Maystadt Isabelle , Karadurmus Deniz , Steindl Katharina , Wiesener Antje , Zweier Markus , Sticht Heinrich , Zweier Christiane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile inherited hemizygous variants in PHF6 cause X‐linked recessive Borjeson‐Forssman‐Lehmann syndrome (BFLS) in males, de novo heterozygous variants in females are associated with an overlapping but distinct phenotype, including moderate to severe intellectual disability, characteristic facial dysmorphism, dental, finger and toe anomalies, and linear skin pigmentation. By personal communication with colleagues, we assembled 11 additional females with BFLS due to variants in PHF6. We confirm the distinct phenotype to include variable intellectual disability, recognizable facial dysmorphism and other anomalies. We observed skewed X‐inactivation in blood and streaky skin pigmentation compatible with functional mosaicism. Variants occurred de novo in 10 individuals, of whom one was only mildly affected and transmitted it to her more severely affected daughter. The mutational spectrum comprises a two‐exon deletion, five truncating, one splice‐site and three missense variants, the latter all located in the PHD2 domain and predicted to severely destabilize the domain structure. This observation supports the hypothesis of more severe variants in females contributing to gender‐specific phenotypes in addition to or in combination with effects of X‐inactivation and functional mosaicism. Therefore, our findings further delineate the clinical and mutational spectrum of female BFLS and provide further insights into possible genotype–phenotype correlations between females and males.
Modeling the Remote Associates Test as Retrievals from Semantic Memory
Authors: Schatz Jule , Jones Steven J. , Laird John E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Remote Associates Test (RAT) is a word association retrieval task that consists of a series of problems, each with three seemingly unrelated prompt words. The subject is asked to produce a single word that is related to all three prompt words. In this paper, we provide support for a theory in which the RAT assesses a person's ability to retrieve relevant word associations from long‐term memory. We present a computational model of humans solving the RAT and investigate how prior knowledge and memory retrieval mechanisms influence the model's ability to match human behavior. We expand prior modeling attempts by investigating multiple large knowledge bases and by creating a cognitive process model that uses long‐term memory spreading activation retrieval processes inspired by ACT‐R and implemented in Soar. We evaluate multiple model variants for their ability to model human problem difficulty, including the incorporation of noise and base‐level activation into memory retrieval. We conclude that the main factors affecting human difficulty are the existence of associations between prompt words and solutions, the relative strengths and directions of those associations compared to associations to other words, and the ability to perform multiple retrievals.
The Emergence of Gender Associations in Child Language Development
Authors: Prystawski Ben , Grant Erin , Nematzadeh Aida , Lee Spike W. S. , Stevenson Suzanne , Xu Yang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGender associations have been a long‐standing research topic in psychological and social sciences. Although it is known that children learn aspects of gender associations at a young age, it is not well understood how they might emerge through the course of development. We investigate whether gender associations, such as the association of dresses with women and bulldozers with men, are reflected in the linguistic communication of young children from ages 1–5. Drawing on recent methods from machine learning, we use word embeddings derived from large text corpora including news articles and web pages as a proxy for gender associations in society, and we compare those with the gender associations of words uttered by caretakers and children in children's linguistic environment. We quantify gender associations in childhood language throughgender probability, which measures the extent to which word usage frequencies in speech to and by girls and boys are gender‐skewed. By analyzing 4,875 natural conversations between children and their caretakers in North America, we find that frequency patterns in word usage of both caretakers and children correlate strongly with the gender associations captured in word embeddings through the course of development. We discover that these correlations diminish from the 1970s to the 1990s. Our work suggests that early linguistic communication and social changes may jointly contribute to the formation of gender associations in childhood.
A Cross‐Modal and Cross‐lingual Study of Iconicity in Language: Insights From Deep Learning
Authors: de Varda Andrea Gregor , Strapparava Carlo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present paper addresses the study of non‐arbitrariness in language within a deep learning framework. We present a set of experiments aimed at assessing the pervasiveness of different forms of non‐arbitrary phonological patterns across a set of typologically distant languages. Different sequence‐processing neural networks are trained in a set of languages to associate the phonetic vectorization of a set of words to their sensory (Experiment 1), semantic (Experiment 2), and word‐class representations (Experiment 3). The models are then tested, without further training, in a set of novel instances in a language belonging to a different language family, and their performance is compared with a randomized baseline. We show that the three cross‐domain mappings can be successfully transferred across languages and language families, suggesting that the phonological structure of the lexicon is pervaded with language‐invariant cues about the words' meaning and their syntactic classes.
Finish What you Started: 2‐Year‐Olds Motivated by a Preference for Completing Others’ Unfinished Actions in Instrumental Helping Contexts
Authors: Michael John , Green Alexander , Siposova Barbora , Jensen Keith , Kita Sotaro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA considerable body of research has documented the emergence of what appears to be instrumental helping behavior in early childhood. The current study tested the hypothesis that one basic psychological mechanism motivating this behavior is a preference for completing unfinished actions. To test this, a paradigm was implemented in which 2‐year‐olds (n = 34, 16 females/18 males, mostly White middle‐class children) could continue an adult's action when the adult no longer wanted to complete the action. The results showed that children continued the adult's actions more often when the goal had been abandoned than when it had been reached (OR = 2.37). This supports the hypothesis that apparent helping behavior in 2‐year‐olds is motivated by a preference for completing unfinished actions.
Abnormal expression and clinical value analysis of long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 in children with severe pneumonia complicated with respiratory failure
Authors: Ni Jie , Lu Junfei , Lu Ding 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveSevere pneumonia occurs commonly in children and is the main cause of clinical infant mortality. This study tested the expression pattern of long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) in the serum of children with severe pneumonia and explored its clinical values.MethodsSerum levels of CASC2 were detected in 145 children with severe pneumonia. All cases were divided into two groups based on their respiratory failure (RF) condition. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) curves were plotted for the diagnostic and prognostic ability evaluation. Multivariate cox regression analysis was done for the examination of independent influence factors.ResultsThe serum levels of CASC2 significantly decreased in children with severe pneumonia in contrast with healthy individuals and reached the lowest value in those with RF. Serum CASC2 can distinguish severe pneumonia and predicted the development of RF. Based on the 28‐day survival data, cases with low CASC2 levels had a poor survival rate. CASC2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.068, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.016–0.292, P < 0.001) and age (HR = 2.806, 95% CI = 1.240–6.394, P < 0.001) were independent influence factor for the poor prognosis of children with severe pneumonia.ConclusionDownregulation of serum CASC2 was related to the occurrence of RF in children with severe pneumonia and may be a predictor of the poor prognosis. This study will provide a potential biomarker for severe pneumonia treatment in clinic.
Prevalence of hookah smoking among Iranian pupils and university students: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zaheri Hamid , Raziani Yosra , Khademi Nesa , Moradi Yousef , Shahriari Hossein , Ghanei‐Gheshlagh Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveToday, smoking is considered a pressing global health issue. The present study aimed to estimate the total prevalence of hookah smoking among pupils and university students in Iran.Materials and MethodsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted via searching in databases such as Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Sciences from inception to October 2021. We targeted observational studies evaluating the prevalence or frequency of hookah smoking among Iranian pupils and university students. Data analysis was performed using a random‐effects model, and the heterogeneity of the articles was assessed using Cochran'sQtest and theI2statistic.ResultsIn total, 124 studies conducted on 155 115 subjects were reviewed. The lifetime prevalence of hookah smoking among high school students and university students was estimated at 34.4% and 32.3%, respectively. In addition, the frequency of hookah smoking within the past month/week (point prevalence) was estimated at 21.5% and 16.6% in university students and pupils, respectively. The frequency of hookah smoking within the past year (period prevalence) was also reported to be 22.5% and 20.8% in these groups, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between the prevalence of hookah smoking, sample size, year of publication and the mean age of the participants. Region 5 had the highest lifetime prevalence (41.7%) and period prevalence (27.1%). However, Region 1 had the highest point prevalence of hookah smoking (27.2%).ConclusionsAccording to the results, hookah smoking is highly prevalent among Iranian pupils and university students. Therefore, proper educational interventions are required in the form of workshops and curricula to raise awareness regarding the hazardous effects of this unhealthy habit on the young generation.