bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen Stratifies the Risk of Liver Cancer in HBeAg-Negative Patients With Indeterminate Phase
Authors: Tseng Tai-Chung , Hosaka Tetsuya , Liu Chun-Jen , Suzuki Fumitaka , Hong Chun-Ming , Kumada Hiromitsu , Yang Wan-Ting , Hsu Chen-Yang , Su Tung-Hung , Yang Hung-Chih , Liu Chen-Hua , Chen Pei-Jer , Chen Hsiu-Hsi , Kao Jia-Horng 
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Many patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are classified as indeterminate patients because they fall outside the defined CHB phases. We aimed to explore hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients with indeterminate phase and investigated whether the risk could be stratified by serum levels of hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg).

METHODS:
Two retrospective cohorts enrolling HBeAg-negative, treatment-naïve CHB patients without cirrhosis were constructed (N = 2,150 in Taiwanese discovery cohort and N = 1,312 in Japanese validation cohort with a mean follow-up period of 15.88 and 12.07 years, respectively). The primary end point was HCC development.

RESULTS:
According to the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease guidelines, 990 (46%) HBeAg-negative patients had indeterminate CHB phase at baseline in the Taiwanese cohort. Compared with the patients with inactive CHB and those with immune-active CHB, the indeterminate patients exhibited intermediate but diverse risk of HCC. When HCC risk was stratified by a HBcrAg level of 10,000 U/mL, 10-year HCC cumulative incidence was 0.51% and 5.33% for low HBcrAg and high HBcrAg groups, respectively, with a hazard ratio of 4.47 (95% confidence interval: 2.62–7.63). This cutoff was validated to stratify HCC risk not only in different subgroup analyses but also in an independent Japanese cohort. Finally, the overall HBeAg-negative CHB patients could be simply reclassified into high-risk and low-risk groups by combining ALT, hepatitis B virus DNA, and HBcrAg levels in both cohorts.

DISCUSSION:
Serum HBcrAg level of 10,000 U/mL stratifies HCC risk in HBeAg-negative patients with indeterminate phase, which is useful for optimizing their clinical management.
HUBUNGAN PENERAPAN POLA DIET DAN AKTIFITAS FISIK DENGAN STATUS KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PENDERITA DM TIPE 2 DI RSUD PETALA BUMI PEKANBARU TAHUN 2020
Authors: Santi Jasmiyul Sri , Septiani Winda 
Published: February 2022

Kadar gula darah adalah jumlah atau konsentrasi glukosa yang terdapat dalam darah. Tingginya kadar gula darah dapat mengakibatkan berbagai komplikasi. Rumah Sakit Petala Bumi merupakan salah satu rumah sakit di Kota Pekanbaru. Berdasarkan data dari RS Petala bumi didapatkan bahwa jumlah pasien DM tipe 2 mengalami peningkatan, yaitu pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 75 pasien, tahun 2018 sebanyak 92 pasien dan tahun 2019 sebanyak 141 pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan penerapan pola diet dan aktifitas fisik terhadap status kadar gula darah pada penderita DM Tipe 2 di RSUD Petala Bumi Pekanbaru tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi adalah pasien penderita DM tipe 2 di RSUD Petala Bumi pada tahun 2019 yaitu sebanyak 141 orang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 82. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUD Petala Bumi Pekanbaru pada bulan April-Juli tahun 2020. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode consecutive sampling dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara dan penelusuran dokumen. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu ada hubungan antara jumlah makanan (p value =0,004), jenis makanan (p value =0,001), jadwal makanan (p value =0,013), aktivitas fisik (p value =0,001) dengan kadar gula darah di RSUD Petala Bumi Pekanbaru. Saran yaitu diharapkan bagi penderita DM agar menjadikan penelitian ini sebagai bahan referensi dalam meningkatkan penerapan pola diet berupa 3J (jumlah, jenis, dan jadwal) dan aktivitas fisik agar status kadar gula darah dapat terkontrol pada pasien DM tipe 2 melalui kegiatan yang berada di klinik gizi dan perawatan rumah sakit.
Ermittlung der Materialdaten zur Simulation des Durchhärtens von Komponenten aus 100Cr6
Authors: Acht C. , Dalgic M. , Frerichs F. , Hunkel M. , Irretier A. , Lübben Th. , Surm H. 
Published: February 2022

Kurzfassung

Der Sonderforschungsbereich 570 „Distortion Engineering – Verzugsbeherrschung in der Fertigung“ an der Universität Bremen hat sich als ein Ziel die Bestimmung signifikanter Einflussgrößen und Wechselwirkungen auf den Verzug über die gesamte Fertigungskette von ausgewählten Bauteilen gesetzt, um die wesentlichen Mechanismen der Verzugsentstehung zu identifizieren. In diesem Zusammenhang kommt der Simulation eine große Bedeutung zu, da hiermit die zeitliche Entwicklung der Vorgänge auch lokal im Bauteil analysiert werden können. Hieraus können dann die signifikanten Vorgänge der Verzugsentstehung abgeleitet werden.
Für die Simulation muss ein qualitativ hochwertiger Datensatz als Grundvoraussetzung angesehen werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher über das Vorgehen sowie die Herausforderungen bei der Erstellung eines Datensatzes für den Wälzlagerstahl 100Cr6 berichtet. Als einschränkende Bedingung soll dieser Datensatz zunächst nur für die Berechnung einer durchgreifenden martensitischen Härtung bei einem definierten Austenitisierungszustand gelten. Neben den thermophysikalischen und -mechanischen Kenngrößen werden die Parameter zur Beschreibung einer martensitischen Umwandlung angegeben.
Die Güte des erstellten Datensatzes wird aus dem Vergleich von berechneten und experimentell ermittelten Ergebnissen hinsichtlich Maß- und Formänderungen sowie der Eigenspannungen von Wälzlagerringen nach einer martensitischen Härtung diskutiert. ▪
Mathematische Ansätze zur Materialabtragsmodellierung beim Polieren
Authors: Loresch I. , Schulte H. , Riemer O. , Maaß P. , Dollinger F. 
Published: February 2022

Kurzfassung

Aufgrund der immer höheren Anforderungen an die Formgenauigkeit bei optischen Flächen mit komplexen Geometrien (z. B. Freiformflächen für Head-Up-Displays) ist es notwendig, beim deterministischen Polieren auf einer Werkstückfläche lokal vordefinierte Abträge zu erzielen, wodurch eine minimale Formkorrektur bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung der Oberflächenrauheit erreicht wird. Aus diesem Grund bedarf es einer präzisen Steuerung des Polierwerkzeuges. Eine Möglichkeit hierfür ist, das Werkzeug und damit verbundene Materialabträge über Verweilzeiten zu steuern.
In diesem Beitrag wird das mathematische Problem der Ermittlung einer optimalen Verweilzeitverteilung aus der Fehlerfunktion des Werkstücks und der lokalen, im Prozess konstanten Materialabtragsfunktion des Werkzeugs diskutiert. Hierzu wird eine numerische Annäherung präsentiert, die stabil, sehr schnell und hinreichend genau das Optimum berechnet. ▪
Power enhancement of transformer less single-phase grid connected solar-wind energy conversion system for various environmental conditions
Authors: Kishore P S V , Jayaram Nakka , Rajesh Jami 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents the grid connected hybrid solar-wind energy conversion system (HSWECS) using the cascaded diode clamped multilevel inverter (CDCMLI). The advantage of CDCMLI over the conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) is that the power transfer capacity of the CDCMLI is doubled. The solar and wind energy conversion systems are connected individually to the DC-links of CDCMLI through the DC–DC converter which is used to get maximum power from solar and wind systems. Due to the fluctuating power supply by renewable sources, the isolated DC-links of separate inverters suffer from varying DC-link voltages. A control scheme is proposed which is capable of balancing these DC-link voltages under various power generation scenarios, extracting the maximum possible power from renewable energy sources (RES), and injecting it into the grid at near unity power factor. The proposed control also monitors the power quality of the injected current into the grid. Furthermore, it allows the system to be connected to the grid without any transformer. In addition, mathematical modeling of the CDCMLI has been presented. The performance of the system is analyzed with Matlab/Simulink and confirmed by a prototype model with dSpace 1104.
Perinatal bereavement care during COVID-19 in Australian maternity settings
Authors: Boyle Frances M. , Horey Dell , Dean Julie H. , Lohan Aditi , Middleton Philippa , Flenady Vicki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Perinatal bereavement care is a complex area of practice. The COVID-19 pandemic led to reconfiguration of maternity and perinatal bereavement care services. This study explores Australian health care providers’ perspectives of the impact of COVID-19 on the provision of respectful and supportive care following stillbirth or neonatal death.

Methods
Members of a perinatal bereavement care network were consulted at the commencement of the pandemic in Australia using an online feedback form. Respondents provided ratings and free-text comments on the impact of COVID-19 on implementation of 49 recommendations contained in the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand/Stillbirth Centre of Research Clinical Practice Guideline for Respectful and Supportive Perinatal Bereavement Care.

Results
Responses were received from 35 health care providers who provided perinatal bereavement care in clinical settings or through support organisations in Australia. Major impacts of COVID-19 were reported for 8 of 49 guideline recommendations. Impacts included reduced: support for mothers due to visitor restrictions; availability of cultural and spiritual support and interpreters; involvement of support people in decision-making; options for memory-making and commemorative rituals; and staff training and supervision. Adaptations to minimise impacts included virtual consultations, online staff training, use of cold cots, and increased staff support for memory-making.

Conclusions
Health care providers encounter substantial challenges as they strive to implement best practice perinatal bereavement care in pandemic conditions. Some practice adaptations developed during the COVID-19 pandemic could benefit parents; however, evaluation of their effectiveness and acceptability is needed.
Cardiac contractility modulation ameliorates myocardial metabolic remodeling in a rabbit model of chronic heart failure through activation of AMPK and PPAR-α pathway
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Liu Litian , Xie Yuetao , Wang Jiaqi , Chen Xuefeng , Zheng Shihang , Li Yingxiao , Dang Yi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Metabolic remodeling contributes to the pathological process of heart failure (HF). We explored the effects of cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) on myocardial metabolic remodeling in the rabbit model with HF. The HF in rabbit model was established by pressure uploading and then CCM was applied. We evaluated the cardiac structure and function by echocardiography, serum BNP level, and hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. We detected the accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets in myocardial tissues by periodic acid-Schiff and Oil Red O staining. Then, we measured the contents of glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), lactic acid, pyruvate, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in myocardial tissues by corresponding kits and the expression levels of key factors related to myocardial substrate uptake and utilization by western blotting were analyzed. CCM significantly restored the cardiac structure and function in the rabbit model with HF. CCM therapy further decreased the accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets. Furthermore, CCM reduced the contents of FFA, glucose, and lactic acid, and increased pyruvate and ATP levels in HF tissues. The protein expression levels related to myocardial substrate uptake and utilization were markedly improved with CCM treatment by further activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α signaling pathways.
Emotion Downregulation Targets Interoceptive Brain Regions While Emotion Upregulation Targets Other Affective Brain Regions
Authors: Min Jungwon , Nashiro Kaoru , Yoo Hyun Joo , Cho Christine , Nasseri Padideh , Bachman Shelby L. , Porat Shai , Thayer Julian F. , Chang Catie , Lee Tae-Ho , Mather Mara 
Published: February 2022

Researchers generally agree that when upregulating and downregulating emotion, control regions in the prefrontal cortex turn up or down activity in affect-generating brain areas. However, the “affective dial hypothesis” that turning up and down emotions produces opposite effects in the same affect-generating regions is untested. We tested this hypothesis by examining the overlap between the regions activated during upregulation and those deactivated during downregulation in 54 male and 51 female humans. We found that upregulation and downregulation both recruit regulatory regions, such as the inferior frontal gyrus and dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus, but act on distinct affect-generating regions. Upregulation increased activity in regions associated with emotional experience, such as the amygdala, anterior insula, striatum, and anterior cingulate gyrus as well as in regions associated with sympathetic vascular activity, such as periventricular white matter, while downregulation decreased activity in regions receiving interoceptive input, such as the posterior insula and postcentral gyrus. Nevertheless, participants' subjective sense of emotional intensity was associated with activity in overlapping brain regions (dorsal anterior cingulate, insula, thalamus, and frontal pole) across upregulation and downregulation. These findings indicate that upregulation and downregulation rely on overlapping brain regions to control and assess emotions but target different affect-generating brain regions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany contexts require modulating one's own emotions. Identifying the brain areas implementing these regulatory processes should advance understanding emotional disorders and designing potential interventions. The emotion regulation field has an implicit assumption we call the affective dial hypothesis: both emotion upregulation and downregulation modulate the same emotion-generating brain areas. Countering the hypothesis, our findings indicate that up- and down-modulating emotions target different brain areas. Thus, the mechanisms underlying emotion regulation might differ more than previously appreciated for upregulation versus downregulation. In addition to their theoretical importance, these findings are critical for researchers attempting to target activity in particular brain regions during an emotion regulation intervention.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Suren (Toona sinensis Merr.) Pada Tanaman Cabai Rawit Yang Diinfeksi Spora Colletotrichum capsici Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Kandungan Pigmen Dan Vitamin C
Authors: Sadiah Fitriatus , Nurchayati Yulita , Saptiningsih Endang 
Published: February 2022

Anthracnose is a disease of cayenne pepper that can be caused by the fungus Colletotrichum capsici. Suren leaf extract contains antifungal compounds. This study aims to determine the potential of suren leaf extract as a fungicide and its effect on growth, content of chlorophyll, carotenoids and vitamin C in cayenne pepper plants. This study used a single factor completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments consisting of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% concentration of suren extract and mankozeb synthetic fungicide. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) further test. The results showed that leaf spot from anthracnose decreased from 50%-100% concentration. Plant height at 50% extract reached 140 cm. The number of leaves in 50% and 100% extracts were 182 and 184 leaves. The highest chlorophyll content in suren extract 75% is 43.20 µmol/g and smallest is at 100% which is 37 μmol/g. The highest carotenoid content in 100% suren extract was 8.64 µmol/g, while the smallest was at concentration of 75%, which was 4.68 µmol/g. This study concluded that suren leaf extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively suppressed leaf spot by 8.06%; 32.25%; 41.93%; and 43.95%. Suren leaf extract can increase the growth of cayenne pepper, chlorophyll, carotenoids and vitamin C.

Antraknosa adalah penyakit pada tanaman cabai rawit yang dapat disebabkan jamur Colletotrichum capsici. Ekstrak daun suren mengandung senyawa-senyawa antifungi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun suren sebagai fungisida dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan, kandungan klorofil, karotenoid dan vitamin C pada tanaman cabai rawit. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan 6 perlakuan yang terdiri atas perlakuan ekstrak suren konsentrasi 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% dan perlakuan fungisida sintetik mankozeb. Data dianalisis menggunakan One Way ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bercak daun dari penyakit antraknosa menurun mulai dari konsentrasi 50%-100%. Tinggi tanaman pada ekstrak 50% mencapai 140 cm. Jumlah daun pada ekstrak 50% dan 100% adalah 182 dan 184 daun. Kandungan klorofil tertinggi pada ekstrak suren 75% yaitu 43,20 μmol/g dan terendah pada konsentrasi 100% yaitu sebesar 37 μmol/g. Kandungan karotenoid tertinggi pada ekstrak suren 100% yaitu 8,64 μmol/g, sedangkan terendah pada konsentrasi 75% yaitu 4,68 μmol/g. Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun suren konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% berturut-turut menekan bercak daun sebesar 8,06%; 32,25%; 41,93%; dan 43,95%. Ekstrak daun suren dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan cabai rawit, klorofil, karotenoid dan vitamin C.
Kesesuaian Vegetasi untuk Taman Kota Semarang
Authors: Tri Martuti Nana Kariada , Rahayuningsih Margareta , Alfirdani Khoirunisa 
Published: February 2022

Fullfilling of Green Open Spaces through the arrangement of urban parks. Vegetation is an important element of urban parks. The incompatibility of the vegetation can reduce the function of the urban parks. The aim of this research is to analyse the suitability of vegetation in urban parks in Semarang. This research used exploration method. The results of key performance index analysis, show that the suitability of vegetation in urban parks of Semarang ranges from 56.25% to 84.3%. Assessment of vegetation’s suitabilities is influenced by physical characteristics, such as canopy, roots, color of flower, and others. The functions of vegetation such as shade plants, absorbent pollutants, increasing aesthetic value, spacing and composition of vegetation also can affect the suitability of vegetation in urban parks. The vegetation’s suitabilities in urban parks in Semarang can be categorized as compatible, compatible enough, and not compatible.

Pemenuhan kebutuhan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) melalui penataan taman kota. Vegetasi merupakan elemen penting penyusun taman kota. Ketidaksesuaian vegetasi penyusun taman dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya fungsi taman kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian vegetasi yang ada di taman kota Semarang. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksplorasi. Hasil analisis key performance index menunjukkan kesesuaian vegetasi di taman kota Semarang berkisar antara 56,25% sampai dengan 84,3%. Penilaian terhadap kesesuaian vegetasi dipengaruhi oleh ciri fisik, seperti tajuk, perakaran, warna bunga dan lainnya. Fungsi dari tanaman seperti sebagai tanaman peneduh, penyerap polutan, penambah nilai estetika, arak tanam dan pengkomposisian tanaman dalam taman juga mempengaruhi kesesuaian vegetasi pada taman. Kesesuaian vegetasi di taman kota Semarang dapat dikategorikan sesuai, cukup sesuai dan kurang sesuai..
Struktur Komunitas Makrozoobentos di Perairan Pesisir Kelurahan Mangunharjo sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Perairan
Authors: Sofiyani Risna Gina , Muskananfola Max Rudolf , Sulardiono Bambang 
Published: February 2022

The coastal waters of Mangunharjo Village, Tugu, Semarang City are located in a densely populated residential area, and many activities of people around it. These activities can cause a decrease in water quality which will impact the biota. This study aims to determine the structure of the macrozoobenthos community, determine the level of pollution that occurs and determine the most affecting factors of macrozoobenthos community in the coastal waters of Mangunharjo Village. This research using the purposive sampling method. Result find that there were 22 species of makrozoobenthos. The diversity index value (H') is categorized as moderate to low with a mean value of H' = 0,79. The uniformity index value (E) indicates a depressed to stable condition with a mean value of E = 0,52. The dominance index value (C) indicates that there are species that dominates significantly. The similarity index value is dominant in the low category. The status of pollution in the coastal waters of Mangunharjo Village is classified as polluted water. The factors that most influence the abundance of macrozoobenthos in the coastal waters of Mangunharjo Village are water temperature, loam and clay sediment texture with a correlation value of 0,597; 0,474 and 0,453.

Perairan pesisir Kelurahan Mangunharjo, Kecamatan Tugu, Kota Semarang berada pada kawasan pemukiman padat penduduk yang banyak terdapat aktivitas warga di sekitarnya. Aktivitas – aktivitas tersebut dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas air yang akan berdampak pada biota. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas makrozoobentos, mengetahui tingkat pencemaran yang terjadi dan mengetahui faktor yang paling mempengaruhi komunitas makrozoobentos di perairan pesisir Kelurahan Mangunharjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menemukan 22 spesies makrozoobentos. Nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) dikategorikan sedang hingga rendah dengan nilai rerata H’ = 0,79. Nilai Indeks Keseragaman (E) mengindikasikan kondisi yang tertekan hingga stabil dengan nilai rerata E = 0,52. Nilai Indeks Dominansi (C) menunjukkan adanya jenis yang mendominansi secara signifikan. Nilai Indeks Kesamaan dominan berada dalam kategori yang rendah. Status pencemaran di perairan pesisir Kelurahan Mangunharjo tergolong tercemar. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan makrozoobentos di perairan pesisir Kelurahan Mangunharjo adalah suhu air, tekstur sedimen lempung dan tekstur sedimen liat dengan nilai korelasi 0,597; 0,474 dan 0,453.
Vehículo autónomo y conectado, desafío a la seguridad vial
Authors: GONZALEZ TRIGO NORBERTO ASER 
Published: February 2022

La interacción entre subsistemas que conforman el sistema vial (vía, vehículos, personas y normas), genera desequilibrios dada la excesiva preponderancia del subsistema humano sobre el resto. Desequilibrio que se manifiesta en forma de siniestro vial como consecuencia de conductas humanas que transgreden normas viales, que aunque se conocen no son aceptadas, hecho que asociado a la incorrecta medición del nivel de riesgo subjetivo asociado a su incumplimiento, provoca que los índices de siniestralidad hayan dejado de mejorar.
Así, subsistema tecnológico ofrece al sistema vial la posibilidad de dotarlo de mayor y duradera estabilidad, al incorporar los vehículos actuales sistemas de seguridad inteligentes que corrigen o impiden que se cometan errores humanos. Desde luego, una esperanza para lograr 0 fallecidos en carretera en el año 2050, acontecimiento paralelo a la evolución del vehículo autónomo y conectado que asumirá todas las tareas de conducción.