bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grewia tenax for Sustainable Agroforestry Farming in Saline Soils of Khartoum State of Sudan
Authors: Abdalla Nasre Aldin Mustafa , ElMukhtar Ballal Mohamed , Ahmed Mutwali Nuha 
Published: July 2022

Intercropping of cow pea (Vigna unguiculata) with multipurpose tree in terms of Grewia tenax was carried out under saline soils in south of Khartoum State in Sudan. The objectives were to investigate the performance of Grewia tenax trees under sub-irrigation regime in saline soils as well as to find out most agro forestry system suitable for saline soil. The experiment was carried out during period of March to November 2017 in terms of completely randomized block design with 3 replicates. The treatments were Grewia tenax tree that fixed at spacing of 4x4 m versus cow pea crop which sown at one and 1.5 m apart from the Grewia tenax tree trunk at 25 cm and 50 cm as inter and intra rows spacings besides sole Grewia tenax tree and cow pea crop as controls. Soil samples were taken at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 60-100 cm from soil profile of 1x1 m and 1.5 m depth and its chemical and physical properties were analyzed.
Grewia tenax trees parameters were measured in terms of tree height, tree collar diameter and tree crown diameter. While cow pea crop parameters were determined in terms of straw weight and crop yield per hectare as well as land equivalent ratio. The data revealed that; soil chemical properties for pH, EC ds/m, CaCo3, SAR and ESP were increased with increasing soil depths , while other chemical properties in terms of Nitrogen content , Organic carbon and C/N ratio did not differ with respect to soil layers. Meanwhile the total average Grewia tenax tree growth means in terms of tree height, tree collar diameter and tree crown diameter were higher under intercropping than in sole trees, similarly for cow pea crop straw weight. Cow pea yield did not differ between the intercropped plots and the control. Partial LER was higher under straw weight than for yield and the total LER was advantageous particularly under GS1 which indicates the superiority of intercropping than mono-cropping in this saline soil.
Influence of Nutrient Sources and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Babycorn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Gouthami Degala , Debbarma Victor 
Published: July 2022

Back Ground: The experiment was done on Baby corn crop it is a cereal grain taken from corn harvested early while the stalks are still small and immature, it contains 4.7 grams of carbs, 2.5 grams protein, 25 calories. Nitrogen deficiency is the major problem in these days it leads to stunted root and shoot growth and shoot water stress so nitrogen taken in highest quantity, by using chemical nitrogen crop growth will be faster but later on it leads to soil acidification. but by using organic manures we can provide nutrients required by plants and also it maintains CN ratio, maintain soil health and it doesn’t reduces yield.
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of nutrient sources and zinc on growth and yield of babycorn.Methods: with goal of studying effect of nutrient sources and zinc on growth and yield of babycorn under Randomised Block Design with 9 treatments (T1-T9). The experiment details revealed that T9 [Vermicompost 3.3t/ha + Zinc 1.00 ppm foliar spray] produced maximum Plant height, dry weight, maximum crop growth rate at 45 DAS to 60 DAS interval, highest Number of cobs/ plant, highest length of cob, highest girth of cob, maximum cob weight with husk, highest cob weight without husk, highest cob yield, green fodder yield.
Conclusion: The combination of Vermicompost 3.3t/ha + Zinc 1.00 ppm foliar spray produced maximum Plant height (176.75 cm) and highest dry weight (88.42 g/plant) maximum crop growth rate at 45 DAS to 60 DAS interval (47.73 g/m2/day), highest Number of cobs/ plant (2.64), highest length of cob (17.89 cm), highest girth of cob (12.72 cm), maximum cob weight with husk (47.57 g/cob), highest cob weight without husk (11.71 g/cob) highest cob yield (6.07 tons/ha), green fodder yield (37.42 tons/ha).
Phytotoxic Effect of Treated Wastewater on Seed Germination and Percent Root Elongation Inhibition in Some Vegetable Crops
Authors: Khelil Mohamed Naceur , Dimessi Rim Ghrib , Mahmoudi Malika , Hachicha Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

Aims: Summer irrigations for citrus fruits and fodder are considered as pre-irrigations for growing annual crops in Tunisia. However, given the quality of this treated wastewater, pre-irrigation effect on the seed germination capacity remains unclear. We propose to study the effect of different concentrations of treated wastewater on the germination of some vegetables.
Methodology: This laboratory experiment investigates the effect of different concentration from 0 to 100% (0%, 20%,40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) of treated wastewater on seed germination (%), germination index (Ig), root elongation and root elongation inhibition index (REI%) for some vegetable crops, the most commonly used by farmers: Radish, Okra and Pea.
Results: Pea germination rate (%G) dropped significantly from 60% to 30% with WW concentration. The germination index (Ig) decreased for Radish and Pea seeds with increasing WW concentration; it decreases from 1.03 to 0.72 and from 0.8 to 0.33 for radish and pea, respectively. While, the sprouting index for okra increased from 1.24 to 2.2 with increasing WW concentration. According to the REI% values, there is no effect of WW concentration on the root elongation of okra. On the other hand, the most pronounced REI% was noticed for Pea which has shown positive REI% values for all the concentrations with an inhibition effect of about 67% for the 100% WW treatment. For the radish, the root elongation inhibition started from the 40% WW concentration.
Conclusion: The crops tested have been arranged in the following order: Okra>Radish>Pea depending on the tolerance to treated wastewater. We conclude that the effect of treated wastewater on seed germination is depending on crops species and we should take care before using the treated wastewater for pre-sowing irrigation purposes.
The Natural Capital approach: A framework for the successful recovery of nature in estuaries
Authors: Dowdall Lucy , Bowe Colm , Kirby Jason R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Estuaries are unique and complex systems that are important for ecological, cultural and economic reasons. They provide valuable habitat for biodiversity and provide a wide range of regulating, cultural and provisioning ecosystem services.
Estuaries have a disproportionate importance to people in comparison to other habitats, which has resulted in high levels of utilization and environmental impact. Poor management, ineffective conservation approaches and global economic changes have resulted in many temperate estuaries becoming both economically and environmentally degraded.
We present an argument for the use of the Natural Capital approach as part of the wider green economic agenda in temperate estuaries to support both the environmental and economic recovery of these areas.
We make the case that in a habitat always likely to be subject to intense human pressure it provides a holistic decision‐making approach which considers ecological aspects alongside the ecosystem's anthropogenic importance and pressures. This allows for damage to be identified quickly and accelerates the process of designing and implementing solutions. It provides a framework for multiple partners with a material interest in maintaining a healthy estuarine environment providing multiple benefits to drive investment in natural capital and delivery of nature recovery.
We highlight some of the obstacles in implementing the Natural Capital approach in estuaries at scale, including collaboration and communication between stakeholders in various sectors, the existence of quality natural capital and environmental baselines and the need for partnership to create investment opportunities. We explore how these are being addressed and identify progress in the Natural Capital approach and how this can inform and advance the widespread implementation of the approach.
High‐Voltage Aluminium‐Sulfur Batteries with Functional Polymer Membrane
Authors: Zhang Dian , Chu Weiqin , Wang Dan‐Yang , Li Shuaixia , Zhao Shu , Zhang Xu , Fu Yongzhu , Yu Haijun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA high‐voltage aluminium‐sulfur (Al‐S) battery is developed by employing the reversible electrochemical oxidation of S, favoring a high discharge voltage of around 1.8 V (vs Al3+/Al). The reversible multiple‐electron transformation between positive‐ and negative‐valence S compounds is further realized for activating a high‐capacity Al‐S battery. The formation of sulfur chlorides as charge products of S, including S2Cl2(l) as the dominant one, has been clearly identified. Benefiting from a functional polymer membrane infiltrated with AlCl3/acetamide electrolyte, which can suppress unwanted electrolyte reactions, restrict the shuttling of sulfur chlorides across the separator, and stabilize the Al anode against degradation, the Al‐S battery can deliver largely enhanced performance, with a capacity of 861 mAh g−1, capacity retentions of 92.1%/79.0% within 50/200 cycles, and durability of 490 cycles. The new electrochemistry scenarios shed light on the development of S‐based secondary batteries with higher energy densities for future.
A Self‐Packageable and Tailorable Electrochromic Device based on the “Blood‐Coagulation” Mechanism
Authors: Ren Xi , Hu Shengyu , Jia Zhuofei , Qin Tingting , Sui Yiming , Wang Fangcheng , Pan Weisheng , Yang Cheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrochromic (EC) smart windows offer a promising paradigm for intelligent control of heat and light, reducing ≈40% building‐energy expenses, which are widely expected as a key contributor to future global carbon neutrality and sustainability. Enabling arbitrarily shaped EC film devices can unlock promising capabilities in various smart building systems and intelligent color‐changeable wearable devices. Regrettably, their wide deployment has been largely limited by the complicated edge encapsulation processes; otherwise, the leakage/loss of electrolyte and environmental corrosions would rapidly lead to device failure. This article reports a blood coagulation‐analogous strategy to tackle this critical challenge by introducing an oxygen‐sensitive prepolymer (i.e., alkyd resin) as the electrolyte additive, making it free of packaging. When exposed to the air, this prepolymer can rapidly cure and form a dense solid barrier through a free radical reaction with the CH bond on the 1,4‐diene side chains, without sacrificing any EC performances, including excellent mechanical flexibility and robustness. Besides the fast self‐packageable and arbitrarily tailorable capabilities, they can also deliver outstanding environmental‐stability after harsh aging. This mechanism potentially makes large‐scale customized production and thus the application of EC devices become possible and may significantly boost the broad application of such a sustainable and fashionable technology.
Optical Control of Tissue Regeneration through Photostimulation of Organic Semiconducting Nanoparticles
Authors: Onorato Giada , Fardella Federica , Lewinska Anna , Gobbo Federico , Tommasini Giuseppina , Wnuk Maciej , Tino Angela , Moros Maria , Antognazza Maria Rosa , Tortiglione Claudia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNext generation bioengineering strives to identify crucial cues that trigger regeneration of damaged tissues, and to control the cells that execute these programs with biomaterials and devices. Molecular and biophysical mechanisms driving embryogenesis may inspire novel tools to reactivate developmental programs in situ. Here nanoparticles based on conjugated polymers are employed for optical control of regenerating tissues by using an animal with unlimited regenerative potential, the polyp Hydra, as in vivo model, and human keratinocytes as an in vitro model to investigate skin repair. By integrating animal, cellular, molecular, and biochemical approaches, nanoparticles based on poly‐3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT) are shown able to enhance regeneration kinetics, stem cell proliferation, and biomolecule oxidation levels. Opposite outputs are obtained with PCPDTBT‐NPs (Poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta [2,1‐b;3,4‐b′] dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)], causing a beneficial effect on Hydra regeneration but not on the migratory capability of keratinocytes. These results suggest that the artificial modulation of the redox potential in injured tissues may represent a powerful modality to control their regenerative potential. Importantly, the possibility to fine‐tuning materials’ photocatalytic efficiency may enable a biphasic modulation over a wide dynamic range, which can be exploited to augment the tissue regenerative capacity or inhibit the unlimited potential of cancerous cells in pathological contexts.
Bias Temperature Instability of Multilayer ReS2 FET with α‐MoO3 Passivation
Authors: Chun Jungu , Lee Jaewoo , Cho Hyeran , Kim Gyu‐Tae 
Published: July 2022

Abstract2D semiconductors are regarded as promising candidates for channel applications in the next generation of field effect transistors (FETs) with sub‐5 nm pitch designs. Among 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), rhenium disulfide (ReS2) is reported to have weak interaction among neighboring layers, resulting in more susceptibility to the functionalization of the surface channel. The bias temperature instability (BTI) of ReS2 FETs with α‐molybdenum trioxide (α‐MoO3) passivation that functions as a charge buffer layer is investigated. The transconductance (gm) with a passivation layer shows the saturation behavior under the critical gate voltage even with cumulative electric stress. In addition, unintentional shifts of threshold voltages (VTH) are significantly reduced, which is attributed to the effects of the α‐MoO3 passivation. The electron transfer with the passivation effect suggests a way of surface engineering for controlling the 2D devices with enhanced stabilities.
Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanosheets Protect Exfoliated Black Phosphorus Layers from Ambient Oxidation
Authors: Bartus Pravda Cora , Hegedűs Tímea , Oliveira Eliezer Fernando , Berkesi Dániel , Szamosvölgyi Ákos , Kónya Zoltán , Vajtai Róbert , Kukovecz Ákos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBlack phosphorus‐based 2D materials have yet to demonstrate their full application potential because of the well‐known sensitivity of phosphorene to spontaneous oxidation under ambient conditions. It is hypothesized that this unfavorable process can be prevented by drop‐casting hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanosheets on phosphorene. Here, both materials are prepared by sonication‐assisted liquid‐phase exfoliation of bulk materials and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy is also utilized for the real‐time monitoring of phosphorene oxidation by calculating the A1g/A2g intensity ratio. This value drops below 0.5 (corresponding to complete oxidation) within 100 min for pristine phosphorene layers in the air. However, it remains constant above 0.6 (indicating no oxidation) when phosphorene covered by h‐BN sheets is left in the air. Moreover, deploying h‐BN sheets at midterm during the ambient oxidation reaction is able to halt the process and maintain a steady 0.5 < A1g/A2g < 0.6 Raman intensity ratio. The experimental results are successfully interpreted within the developed theoretical framework by the charge distribution of h‐BN, which keeps O2 molecules from interacting with its surface, and the fact that the first O2 molecules in contact react with the edges of h‐BN, thus creating a barrier for subsequently arriving O2 molecules.
Recent Developments and Future Prospects of Transition Metal Compounds as Electrode Materials for Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Wang Zidong , Hong Ping , Zhao Huaping , Lei Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPotassium‐ion hybrid capacitors (PIHCs) have attracted considerable attention as emerging electrochemical energy storage devices for simultaneously achieving high energy and power density, which the key to success is the development of compatible electrode materials for both battery‐type anode and capacitive cathode. Among numerous electrode materials, transition metal compounds (including oxides, chalcogenide, carbides, and nitrides) show great potential owing to their high theoretical capacity to achieve high energy density, but their sluggish reaction kinetics restrict the attainable power density. Hence, in the last few years, different strategies are proposed to improve the performance of transition metal compounds as electrode materials for PIHCs, and significant progress is achieved. Herein, this review outlines recent advances of employing transition metal compounds as electrode materials for PIHCs. The performance and challenges of different transition metal compounds are discussed in detail. Finally, the future prospects of practical applications of transition metal compounds in PIHCs are briefly discussed.
Programmable Anisotropic Hydrogels with Localized Photothermal/Magnetic Responsive Properties
Authors: Chen Hang , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Shang Li , Su Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProgrammable smart materials that can respond locally to specific stimuli hold great potential for many applications, but controllable fabrication of these materials remains challenging. This work reports the development of novel programmable anisotropic materials with both magnetic and photothermal stimuli‐responsiveness, which are fabricated by anchoring thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the surface of MoS2 nanosheets. Further embedding PNIPAm‐MoS2/Fe3O4 into 3D‐printed hydrogel cubes results in stimuli‐responsive building blocks, and the magnetic field can precisely control their orientation and near‐infrared (NIR) light absorbing property. Particularly, the variation of the orientation of MoS2/Fe3O4 block results in obvious changes of their photothermal efficiency and optical property. By exploiting the anisotropy of MoS2/Fe3O4 and their NIR light responsiveness, thermally‐induced phase transitions in individual 3D printed hydrogel building block can be locally controlled for magnetic field‐assisted programming a quick response (QR) code. Alternatively, fluorescent QR code with high contrast and security level can be achieved by photothermal‐induced release of fluorescent dyes. These 3D printed magnetically programmed hydrogels hold great potential for application in information storage, intelligent materials, and precise therapy.
Demonstration of PdSe2 CMOS Using Same Metal Contact in PdSe2 n‐/p‐MOSFETs through Thickness‐Dependent Phase Transition
Authors: Seo Jae Eun , Park Eunpyo , Das Tanmoy , Kwak Joon Young , Chang Jiwon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, PdSe2 n‐ and p‐metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs) are realized using the same conventional metal contact without any doping processes through utilizing the thickness‐dependent phase transition in PdSe2. PdSe2 is semiconducting with a sizable band gap in a few layers while semimetallic in bulk. With the thin semiconducting PdSe2 for the channel and the conventional metal source/drain, an n‐type behavior is achieved, whereas a p‐type behavior with the thin PdSe2 channel and the thick semimetallic PdSe2 source/drain. To understand the carrier injection at the interface between the thin PdSe2 channel and the thick PdSe2 source/drain, a rigorous analysis of the band alignment and the temperature‐dependent transfer characteristics is presented to extract the Schottky barrier height at the interface. Additionally, interconnecting PdSe2 n‐ and p‐MOSFETs successfully demonstrate complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter with clear voltage transfer characteristics. The proposed approach to control the polarity of PdSe2 MOSFETs using the unique thickness‐dependent phase transition in PdSe2 is promising for realizing the CMOS logic circuit with the same channel material and single contact metal.
In Situ Plating of Mg Sodiophilic Seeds and Evolving Sodium Fluoride Protective Layers for Superior Sodium Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhao Lingfei , Hu Zhe , Huang Zhongyi , Tao Ying , Lai Wei‐Hong , Zhao Along , Liu Qiannan , Peng Jian , Lei Yaojie , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Cao Yuliang , Wu Chao , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSodium metal batteries are recognized as promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage devices, as a result of their high energy density, low redox potential, and cheap material price. Na metal anodes, however, generally exhibit notorious problems, including progressively thickened interfaces with active Na loss and Na metal dendrite growth with safety hazards. Herein, a lightweight aerogel consisting of MgF2 nanocrystals grown on a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) aerogel matrix (MgF2@RGO) is rationally designed as a multifunctional host material for Na metal anodes. The MgF2 nanocrystals can be electrochemically converted in situ into Mg and NaF nanograins during the first Na plating process, in which the Mg works as sodiophilic nucleation seeds for Na plating and NaF plays a key role in suppressing Na dendrite growth. Significantly, the Na metal anodes with the MgF2@RGO aerogel host deliver significantly enhanced Coulombic efficiency and dramatically improved cycling stability for more than 1600 h. The morphology evolution confirms the advantages of the Na metal anode with the MgF2@RGO host, which exhibits dense and flat interfaces. By pairing with the Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, the Na metal batteries achieve stable cycling and good rate capability, suggesting the potential of the Na/MgF2@RGO anode for practical applications.
Intercropping forage cactus genotypes with wood species in a semi‐arid environment
Authors: Lira Elder Cunha de , Felix Evaldo dos Santos , Oliveira Filho Tarcísio José de , Alves Rita de Cássia , Lima Renato Pereira , Souza José Thyago Aires , de Oliveira Jaqueline Araújo , de Araújo Filipe Gomes , Cavalcanti Mônica Tejo , Araújo Jucilene Silva 
Published: July 2022

AbstractForage cactus (Opuntia spp. and Nopalea spp.) is a crop tolerant to drought, high temperatures, and less fertile soils, which favors its cultivation in arid and semi‐arid regions and production of cladodes to animal feed. Intercropping may improve water use efficiency and increase agricultural production sustainability. The aim of this research was to evaluate the growth and yield of forage cactus genotypes intercropped with timber species under semi‐arid conditions. Three forage cactus genotypes, erect prickly pear ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ [O. stricta (Haw.) Haw.], ‘Miúda’ [N. cochenillifera (L.) Salm‐Dyck: syn. O. cochenillifera (L.) Mill.], and ‘Baiana’ [N. cochenillifera (L.) Salm‐Dyck] in three cropping systems (monocropping; intercropped with Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.; and intercropped with Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) were studied. All species were irrigated with treated domestic effluent water. Plants were evaluated after 2 yr of cultivation. The forage cactus intercropped with timber species had lower cladode weight, dry matter yield, and lower carrying capacity than forage cactus in monocropped system regardless of genotype. These results suggest that timber species may inhibit the yield of forage cactus, and intercropping is not recommended. In addition, there was no significant difference in the performance of forage cactus when intercropping with M. caesalpiniifolia and P. juliflora. The P. juliflora had greater growth performance when compared with M. caesalpiniifolia intercropped with Miúda and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana. However, when intercropped with the Baiana, the growth of P. juliflora and M. caesalpiniifolia are similar to each other.