bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of hydraulic fracture height using cohesive zone method
Authors: Pham Son Tung , Nguyen Ba Ngoc Anh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydraulic fracturing is a popular method used in the petroleum industry to increase the well performance by improving the permeability of the reservoir. However, while there has been extensive research on the development of the length of the fracture, the fractured height has been frequently assumed to be equal to the reservoir thickness. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of formation rock characteristics and the impact of underground stress state on the development of the fracture height. To achieve this objective, a finite element model was built using a cohesive zone method to predict the development of fracture height in time and space. Different scenarios were then effectuated by varying the values of the primary formation variables which are the Young’s modulus, the porosity, the Poisson ratio, the fracture energy, and the maximum horizontal stress of the reservoir and of the beddings. This research therefore covered principally uncontrolled factors which are the formation properties and stress state underground, which contribute mostly to the erroneous prediction in fracture height. The findings revealed that the fracture height was strongly influenced by the properties of the formation and of the adjacent layers. However, the influence levels are not the same for different kinds of properties. This study showed that the most influential mechanical property of the rock on the fracture height is the Young’s modulus. Regarding the porosity, its effect on the fracture height is extremely small. However, it is worth noting that the porosity is still an important parameter in hydraulic fracturing because it can be used to estimate others parameters and to model the development of fracture geometry which are width, length, and height. Practical suggestions for real-life hydraulic fracturing jobs can be deduced from this study, in order to control the fracture height as accurately as possible, and to decrease financial cost by concentrating mostly on the high influential factors instead of doing all kinds of tests for other less influential mechanical properties of the rock.
4D seismic co-processing pre-stack depth migration for scarce acquisition repeatability
Authors: Mahgoub Mohamed , Bashir Yasir , Bery Andy Anderson , Noufal Abdel Wahab 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTime-lapse (4D) seismic processing is routinely used to monitor hydrocarbon reservoir production. Seismic reflections are sensitive to formation pressure and fluid content. This means that repeated seismic surveys can theoretically detect pressure changes and fluid changes associated with field production. These measurements can help optimize production strategy and identify areas where hydrocarbons have been bypassed. However, the seismic signal associated with such changes can be negligible, especially in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. To measure this 4D signal, the seismic acquisition must be repeated. Data vintages should be processed together to minimize differences unrelated to production. Repeatability of data acquisition is sometimes impossible to achieve in the Middle East due to environmental changes (e.g., dunes, currents, field facilities). Due to high cost and inadequate sampling, attempts to permanently bury seismic sources and receivers have failed.In this study, least-square pre-stack depth migration (LSM) co-processing was applied to remove the influence of survey design on the final image and pinching mark compared to conventional Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration (KPSDM). The 4D physical, geometric, and seismic attributes are analyzed in the field as key diagnostic tools to evaluate the probability of a sighted 4D difference independent of two different acquisition geometries. The 4D analysis was performed on two case studies offshore Abu Dhabi, to determine which workflow and algorithm are most likely to ensure that the complete and optimal 4D processing sequence relaxes the need for seismic acquisition repeatability.
Developing a relationship between static Young’s modulus and seismic parameters
Authors: Sharifi Javad , Nooraiepour Mohammad , Amiri Mohammadkazem , Mondol Nazmul Haque 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMechanical properties of petroleum reservoirs can be determined via static techniques based on laboratory triaxial tests under reservoir conditions. Dynamic approaches represent an alternative in cases where such static laboratory data are unavailable. Dynamic elastic properties are calculated using ultrasonic wave measurements in the laboratory or in situ well logging. Different relationships have been proposed to estimate static properties from dynamic ones based on the available data from a particular reservoir. However, these relationships are often reservoir-specific, making them inadequate for general seismic inversion purposes. This research proposes a method for developing relationships between seismic parameters and static Young’s modulus in carbonate reservoirs by integrating ultrasonic measurements, well logging data, and rock mechanic tests. A multistage triaxial test simulating the reservoir conditions was used to fully control the stress and strain during the geomechanical experiments. Static Young’s modulus was cross-correlated with a broad spectrum of seismic parameters that can be extracted from seismic inversion (e.g., acoustic impedance, shear impedance, Lambda–rho, and mu–rho). Separate analytic relationships were proposed to convert dynamic Young’s modulus and seismic parameters into static Young’s modulus. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the results and study the applicability and reliability of the obtained relationships. Furthermore, the reliability of the obtained relationships was successfully confirmed by well logging data and blind well analysis. The proposed methodology can be used to predict rock behavior for geomechanical and structural modeling.
Demonstration of a ZnO-Nanowire-Based Nanograting Temperature Sensor
Authors: Cao Hongqian , Li Danran , Zhou Kanghu , Chen Ye 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, we experimentally demonstrate a miniature fiber thermometer based on tip-integrated ZnO-nanowire-nanograting. The sensor has a diameter less than 1 µm and the length of the Bragg grating is sub-10 µm. The ZnO-nanowire-nanograting is sensitive to the environmental temperature change. Thus, the intensity of the light whose wavelength is in the rising or falling region of the nanograting spectrum will vary with the shift in wavelength due to change in temperature. Taking one wavelength (655 nm) in the rise linear region of the nanograting spectrum, a sensitivity of 0.066 nW/°C in the air is achieved experimentally. The proposed temperature sensor has the superiorities of compactness, stableness, and easy fabrication compared to regular fiber grating sensors, offering great potential for detecting inside minimal volume environments.
Association of white matter hyperintensities with migraine phenotypes and response to treatment
Authors: Ahmed Sherihan Rezk , Mohamed Amr Abdel Monem , Salem Haitham Hamdy , Helmy Shahinaz , Moustafa Ramez Reda , Borham Sherien Mohamed Farag 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are frequently found in migraineurs. However, their clinical significance and correlation to different migraine phenotypes and treatment responses are not well defined. The study aimed to examine the association of WMHs with migraine clinical patterns and treatment response.

Aim of work
We aimed to evaluate the association between WMHs and migraine phenotypes and explore the relationship of WMHs to treatment response.

Methods
Our cross-sectional study formed of 500 migraineurs who sought treatment in Kafr el-sheik university hospital and underwent (3 T) MRI to evaluate WMHs. Different migraine phenotypes were compared between patients with and without WMHs. According to reduced headache pain intensity and frequency, these patients were divided into treatment responder and non-responder groups.

Results
A total of 145 patients (29%) had WMHs. Patients with WMHs were significantly older, had a longer disease duration, and higher attack frequency. Patients who did not respond to acute and maintenance medications had a higher frequency of WMHs and high WMHs Scheltens score. Migraine with Aura and the presence of vomiting and dizziness were predictors for the development of WMHs.

Conclusion
WMHs are more common in migraine with aura. It is more frequent in migraine associated with vomiting and dizziness. WMHs increased with advancing age and more severe disease burden. Poorer response to acute and prophylactic medications was found in patients with WMHs.
Synthetic Control Methodology for Examining Firearm Policy
Authors: Esposti Michelle Degli , Wiebe Douglas , Kaufman Elinore , Bonander Carl 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Firearm policies have the potential to alleviate the public health burden of firearm violence, yet it is unclear which policies are effective. The current review aims to summarize studies that use synthetic control methods to overcome previous methodological limitations when examining the impacts of firearm policies.

Recent Findings
Evidence from studies using synthetic control methods find compelling evidence that purchasing licensing laws for all individuals (e.g., permit-to-purchase) have a preventive effect on firearm deaths. Otherwise, the effects of other firearm policies targeting firearm availability, ownership, sales, and use varied across studies and contexts.

Summary
Synthetic control evaluations find heterogenous effects of firearm policies, suggesting that previous inconsistent findings might reflect their varying impacts across regions rather than methodological limitations alone. Future research should aim to exploit the complementary biases of synthetic control methods to triangulate evidence across evaluation approaches and understand why firearm policies have differential impacts.
An interpretation of quantum foundations based on density functional theory and polymer self-consistent field theory
Authors: Thompson Russell B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Feynman quantum-classical isomorphism between classical statistical mechanics in 3+1 dimensions and quantum statistical mechanics in 3 dimensions is used to connect classical polymer self-consistent field theory with quantum time-dependent density functional theory. This allows the theorems of density functional theory to relate non-relativistic quantum mechanics to a classical statistical mechanical derivation of polymer self-consistent field theory for ring polymers in a 4 dimensional thermal-space. One dynamic postulate is added to two static postulates which allows for a description of quantum physics from a 5 dimensional thermal-space-time ensemble perspective. A connection with aspects of classical field theory can be made in the classical limit.
Bariatric surgery for metabolic unhealthy obesity (MUO) during the COVID era: short-term results of a high-volume center
Authors: Guglielmi Valeria , Campanelli Michela , Bianciardi Emanuela , Benavoli Domenico , Colangeli Luca , D’Adamo Monica , Sbraccia Paolo , Gentileschi Paolo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
During the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak, most public hospitals worldwide have been forced to postpone a major part of bariatric surgery (BS) operations with unfavorable consequences for weight and obesity complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic BS on subjects with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) during COVID-19 pandemic in a high-volume Italian center.

Methods
Between March 2020 and January 2021, all patients with MUO submitted to laparoscopic BS (sleeve gastrectomy [SG], one anastomosis gastric bypass [OAGB] and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]) were enrolled according to the ATP III Guidelines, with a minimum follow-up of 3 months.

Results
In the study period, 210 patients with MUO underwent laparoscopic BS (77 RYGB, 85 SG and 48 OAGB) in our obesity referral center. Postoperative major complications occurred in 4 patients (1.9%) with zero mortality. At 9-month follow-up, a total weight loss (TWL) of 28.2 ± 18.4, 26.1 ± 23.1 and 24.5 ± 11.3% (p = 0.042) was observed in RYGB, OAGB and SG groups, respectively. The rate of comorbidity resolution was very similar for all type of surgeries (p = 0.871). Only two cases of postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection were registered (0.9%) and both cases resolved with medical therapy and observation.

Conclusion
Among the patients studied, all surgical techniques were safe and effective for MUO during the COVID era. This group of patients is at high risk for general and SARS-CoV-2-related mortality and therefore should be prioritized for BS.

Level of evidence
Level III, single-center retrospective cohort study.
Bracing for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis: retrospective review from bracing to skeletal maturity
Authors: Whitaker Amanda T. , Hresko Michael Timothy , Miller Patricia E. , Verhofste Bram P. , Beling Alexandra , Emans John B. , Karlin Lawrence I. , Hedequist Daniel J. , Glotzbecker Michael P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (JIS) outcomes with brace treatment are limited with poorly described bracing protocols. Between 49 and 100% of children with JIS will progress to surgery, however, young age, long follow-up, and varying treatment methods make studying this population difficult. The purpose of this study is to report the outcomes of bracing in JIS treated with a Boston brace™ and identify risk factors for progression and surgical intervention.

Methods
This is a single-center retrospective review of 175 patients with JIS who initiated brace treatment between the age of 4 and 9 years. A cohort of 140 children reached skeletal maturity; 91 children had surgery or at least 2 year follow-up after brace completion. Standard in-brace protocol for scoliosis 320° was a Boston brace for 18–20 h/day after MRI (n = 82). Family history, MRI abnormalities, comorbidities, curve type, curve magnitude, bracing duration, number of braces, compliance by report, and surgical interventions were recorded.

Results
Children were average 7.9 years old (range 4.1–9.8) at the initiation of bracing. The Boston brace™ was prescribed in 82 patients and nine used night bending brace. Mid-thoracic curves (53%) was the most frequent deformity. Maximum curve at presentation was on average 30 ± 9 degrees, in-brace curve angle was 16 ± 8 degrees, and in-brace correction was 58 ± 24 percent. Patients were braced an average of 4.6 ± 1.9 years. 61/91 (67%) went on to posterior spinal fusion at 13.3 ± 2.1 (range 9.3–20.9) years and curve magnitude of 61 ± 12 degrees. Of those that underwent surgery, 49/55 (86%) progressed > 10°, 6/55 (11%) stabilized within 10°, and 0/55 (0%) improved > 10° with brace wear. No children underwent growth-friendly posterior instrumentation. Of the 28 who did not have surgical correction, 3 (11%) progressed > 10°, 13/28 (46%) stabilized within 10°, and 12/28 (43%) improved > 10° with brace wear.

Conclusions
This large series of JIS patients with bracing followed to skeletal maturity with long-term follow-up. Surgery was avoided in 33% of children with minimal to no progression, and no child underwent posterior growth-friendly constructs. Risk factors of needing surgery were noncompliance and larger curves at presentation.
Music Listening Was an Emotional Resource and Social Surrogate for Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Groarke Jenny M. , MacCormac Niamh , McKenna-Plumley Phoebe E. , Graham-Wisener Lisa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLoneliness and isolation worsen health and wellbeing have been exacerbated by COVID-19, and represent a significant concern for supporting older adults. Music listening has effects that could be particularly supportive during periods of isolation. The aim of this study is to examine older adults’ music listening behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore music's social and emotional impact in this context. Semi-structured interviews enhanced with music-elicitation were carried out remotely between May and June 2021. Participants were self-selected, community-dwelling older adults residing in Northern Ireland (N= 14; 6 males; 60–83 years). Most were living with their spouse or family, all were of White ethnicity and had varying levels of education. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Two main themes were identified: (1) Music as an emotional resource and (2) Music as a social surrogate. Older adults had a preference for using music to induce positive feelings, and used music for negative affect regulation and consolation. Music acted as a social surrogate providing company, and reminders of social relationships and experiences. Music listening was a valued behaviour during COVID-19. Findings have implications for how music listening might be used as an accessible, low-resource tool for supporting isolated older adults.
The RIC COVID-19 Recruitment & Retention Toolkit: A community-informed resource of recruitment tools and strategies for clinical trial investigators
Authors: Kennedy Nan , Dunagan Julia , Boone Leslie R. , Israel Tiffany , Mayers Stephanie A. , Dunkel Leah , Cook Sarah , Pimentel Pamela , Edwards Terri L. , Stroud Mary , Wilkins Consuelo H. , Harris Paul A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Recruitment Innovation Center (RIC) has created a toolkit of novel strategies to engage potential participants in response to recruitment and retention challenges associated with COVID-19 studies. The toolkit contains pragmatic, generalizable resources to help research teams increase awareness of clinical trials and opportunities to participate; produce culturally sensitive and engaging recruitment materials; improve consent and return of results processes; and enhance recruitment of individuals from populations disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. This resource, the “RIC COVID-19 Recruitment and Retention Toolkit,” is available free online. We describe the toolkit and the community feedback used to author and curate this resource.
Validation of salt intake measurements: comparisons of a food record checklist and spot-urine collection to 24-h urine collection
Authors: Beer-Borst Sigrid , Hayoz Stefanie , Gréa Krause Corinna , Strazzullo Pasquale 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective:Monitoring population salt intake is operationally and economically challenging. We explored whether a questionnaire assessment and a prediction of Na intake from spot-urine could replace or complement the recommended measurement of Na in 24-h urine (24-h U).Design:Compare the agreement of a Na-specific food record checklist (FRCL) and a late-afternoon spot-urine measurement (PM-spot) with 24-h U measurement in estimating Na intake at group level. Each participant’s use of these methods extended over 3 d. Agreement was assessed using mean (95 % CI) differences, linear regression models and Bland–Altman plots.Setting:The validation study was part of a 1-year workplace intervention trial to lower salt intake in Switzerland.Participants:Seventy women and 71 men, aged 21–61 years, completed three FRCL, and acceptable PM-spot and 24-h U samples at baseline (April–October 2015).Results:Mean Na intake estimates varied slightly across methods (3·5–3·9 g/d). Mean Na intake differences from 24-h U were 0·2 (95 % CI (0, 0·5)) g/d for FRCL and 0·4 (95 % CI (0·2, 0·6)) g/d for PM-spot. Linear regression models and Bland–Altmann plots more clearly depicted differences by sex and discretionary salt use.Conclusions:Although 24-h U remains the best reference method for monitoring Na intake at the population level, PM-spot and FRCL might be more practical instruments for frequent, periodic Na intake assessments. Population-specific prediction models to estimate 24-h U could be developed and evaluated.
A Lacunarity‐Based Index for Spatial Heterogeneity
Authors: Scott R. , Kadum H. , Salmaso G. , Calaf M. , Cal R. B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCharacterizing spatial heterogeneity is fundamental in numerous areas, yet defining spatial patterns often depends on qualitative assessments or a priori knowledge. Lacunarity analysis is a popular occupancy‐based method for identifying relevant length scales in spatially heterogeneous systems. From lacunarity, we identify the existence of a point which encapsulates the spatial heterogeneity of a given system. This value satisfies the conditions for the lacunarity cutoff function and forms the basis of a heterogeneity index. We evaluate the behavior of both parameters in monofractal, clustered, and periodic systems. In addition, we demonstrate the broad utility of our approach to the scientific community by classifying the spatial heterogeneity of fractured sea ice and comparing our findings to existing measures. The heterogeneity index produced a linear correlation with the area fraction of open ocean to ice with an R2 of 0.967.
Multi‐Centennial Variability of Yangtze Delta Growth Over the Last 2000 Years: Interplay of Climate and People
Authors: Nian Xiaomei , Zhang Weiguo , Wang Xiaoting , Hutchinson Simon M. , Zhao Xuanqi , Liu Kam‐biu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReconstruction of sediment accumulation in river deltas over the Holocene provides a basis for understanding the relationship between climate change, human activities and delta growth. However, variations in deposition rates on a centennial‐scale over the last 2000 years remain poorly studied for mega‐deltas. Based on optically stimulated luminescence and AMS 14C ages, we calculated deposited sediment volumes in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) for 500‐year intervals over the last two millennia for the first time. Our results reveal that the 2.0–1.5 and 0.5–0 ka periods had higher sediment deposition rates than in 1.5–1.0 and 1.0–0.5 ka, with maximum value about two times that of the minimum. A comparison with historical records of flooding and drought events indicates that a wetter climate led to a higher sediment deposition, reflecting the role of fluvial discharge in delta growth. However, the highest sediment deposition (205 ± 29 × 106 m3/a) over the last 500 years is not only related to the wetter conditions of the Little Ice Age, but also linked to dramatic regional population growth. We suggest that human activities have predominated over natural forcing in determining the deltaic growth over the last five centuries. Taking the Medieval Climate Anomaly with the lowest deposition volume as an analog of current climate warming, and considering the decline in sediment loads due to recent damming and soil conservation, the YRD is likely to face an even more severe deficit in sediment supply and higher risk of delta destruction in the coming centuries.