bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of advanced vs. conventional imaging modalities for the diagnosis of subchondral bone injuries
Authors: Lesca H. , Fairburn A. , Sherlock C. , Mair T. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryDamage to the subchondral bone has been associated with a number of orthopaedic diseases. Diagnostic imaging is, therefore, critical in identifying disease and damage of the subchondral bone, not only for the diagnosis of joint and subchondral bone disease causing lameness, but also for identifying early/pre‐symptomatic damage. The aims of this Critically Appraised Topic (CAT) were to assess the published evidence for the use of advanced imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and computed tomography [CT]) in the diagnosis of subchondral bone disease in the distal limb joints (metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints) of the adult horse, and to compare the diagnostic value of these techniques with radiography. In the studies reviewed in this CAT, advanced imaging modalities (MRI and CT) were superior to routine radiography for the diagnosis of subchondral bone injury of the distal limb joints. In a small percentage of horses, post‐MRI reevaluation of the initial radiographs or acquiring further lesion‐orientated radiographs allowed the identification of the subchondral bone injury. Extended radiographic examinations, including non‐standard views, might increase the sensitivity of radiography to detect subchondral bone injuries, however, currently CT and MRI may be considered the “gold standard” imaging modalities. More studies comparing the identification of subchondral bone lesions on imaging and by histopathological/gross examination would be useful to assess more precisely the sensitivity and specificity of the different modalities.
Evaluation of home‐based Family Foundations targeting perinatal mental health and couple conflict in Australia
Authors: Giallo Rebecca , Seymour Monique , Skinner Lorraine , Fogarty Alison , Field Karen , Mead Jemma , Rimington Helen , Galea Kate , Talevski Tom , Ruthven Claire , Brown Stephanie , Feinberg Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesA formative evaluation of a home‐based family intervention, Family Foundations (FF), targeting parent mental health and conflict in the perinatal period was conducted. The aims were to (a) assess parent satisfaction and recommendations for improvement, (b) identify perceived enablers and barriers to engagement, and (c) obtain preliminary outcome data related to parent mental health, conflict, and coparenting.MethodsA mixed‐methods evaluation was conducted with 41 families at risk of or experiencing parental conflict. FF was delivered by two organizations in Australia. Qualitative interviews with parents and FF clinicians were conducted, and intervention outcomes were assessed using parent survey.ResultsFeasibility of reach and recruitment of the target population was demonstrated. Parents' indicated a high level of satisfaction with all aspects of FF and offered recommendations for improvements to resources and delivery. Service, program, clinician, and family characteristics as enablers and barriers to engagement in FF were identified. Both mothers and partners reported a decrease in their child's exposure to conflict. Mothers also reported a decrease in mental health symptoms and parenting hostility and an increase in positive coparenting behavior.ConclusionFeasibility and acceptability of home‐based FF in the perinatal period had been established, with preliminary evidence of positive outcomes for families.ImplicationsThe current findings generate evidence to inform further development of home‐based FF and wider implementation in health and social care services in Australia.
Individual movement variation in upstream‐migrating sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus in a highly fragmented river
Authors: Davies Peter , Britton John Robert , Nunn Andrew D. , Dodd Jamie R. , Bainger Chris , Velterop Randolph , Bolland Jonathan D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Anthropogenic reductions in riverine connectivity can severely impede the migrations of anadromous species. In fragmented rivers, successful migrations depend on the ability of migrants to negotiate barriers or locate alternative passage routes. However, individual variation in the specific aspects of movement that determine migration success in fragmented rivers, is poorly characterised.

Here, individual variation was investigated in the spawning migrations of 56 adult sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, an anadromous, semelparous species that does not show fidelity to natal rivers. The variability and consequences of two key aspects of fish migration within fragmented rivers were tested: passage time (total time taken to pass a barrier) and retreats (exploratory downstream movements after unsuccessful passage attempts). These were tested using acoustic telemetry in the highly fragmented River Severn catchment, western England, U.K.

Distinct unimodal, bimodal, and multimodal patterns of variation in passage times were displayed across the different barriers, potentially related to the physical characteristics of the barrier and prevailing river discharge conditions when the barriers were first approached, but were not related to lamprey body sizes. At the first three barriers encountered by upstream‐migrating sea lamprey in the study, between 30% and 46% of individuals made retreat movements, and between 5% and 100% of retreating individuals were able to locate alternative tributaries. Retreating individuals were highly variable in their distance and frequency of retreats; overall, retreat movements comprised 11% (lower‐upper quartiles 0%–52%, range 0%–76%) of the total distance moved before reaching spawning areas. Time‐to‐event analysis indicated that retreat rates reduced as river discharge increased.

There was no evidence indicating that individual variation in passage time, or presence of retreat movements at barriers, influenced the subsequent upstream migration speed or final upstream extent of lampreys. While predictability in rank arrival timing was high within three unobstructed reaches, this predictability was disrupted at barriers due to individual variation in passage times.

Anthropogenic barriers thus can both disrupt and reveal individual variation in the migration dynamics of anadromous species. Substantial variability in retreat behaviours can be displayed by anadromous species facing delays at barriers, with these behaviours also associated with environmental conditions and the availability of alternative migration routes. Individual variation in exploration and passage time of migrants strongly influence their eventual spawning distribution.
Alternative payment models for durable and potentially curative therapies: The case of gene therapy for haemophilia A
Authors: Goodman Clifford , Berntorp Erik , Wong Olivier ,   the International Haemophilia Access Strategy Council
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe emergence of durable and potentially curative cell and gene therapies (also known as advanced therapy medicinal products) with high price tags is challenging conventional health care payment systems. Among these are gene therapies in various phases of development for haemophilia A and B. The emergence of these therapies comes with clinical and economic uncertainties for payers, providers, patients, and manufacturers. These include uncertainties about expression of the intended physiological response, patient outcomes, and duration of treatment effect, along with potentially high upfront costs, variable additional costs, and uncertainties about uptake of the therapy among indicated patient populations. These clinical and economic uncertainties raise interest among payers, providers, and manufacturers in risk‐sharing arrangements, including alternative payment models (APMs).SummaryAPMs differ from traditional fee‐for‐service payment for health care. For example, some APMs are designed to reward clinicians and provider organizations for delivering high‐quality and cost‐effective care. The APMs described here, outcomes‐based models (or value‐ or performance‐based models) and finance‐based models, are designed to mitigate or otherwise manage financial risks associated with health care payment, including instances in which patient outcomes for costly therapies are uncertain. We examine how such APMs may be applicable in the context of emerging gene therapies for haemophilia A, including considerations in determining whether any particular APM may be most suitable.KEY POINTS OF CONSIDERATION
Gene therapies for haemophilia are among the emerging durable and potentially curative cell and gene therapies with high price tags that are challenging conventional payment systems.
These therapies present clinical and economic uncertainties for payers, providers, patients, and manufacturers, including regarding expression of the intended physiological response, duration of treatment effect, patient outcomes, potentially high upfront costs and variable additional costs, and uptake among potentially indicated, diverse patient subgroups.
These uncertainties raise interest among payers, manufacturers, and providers in risk‐sharing arrangements, including alternative payment models (APMs) such as various outcomes‐based and finance‐based models.
This paper describes a taxonomy of APMs. Then, for the particular context of gene therapy for haemophilia A, we present a set of factors to be considered when determining whether an APM risk‐sharing arrangement may be appropriate for a given gene therapy, and, if so, which APM may be most suitable.
[Correction added on 21 February 2022, after first online publication: the ‘Key Points of Consideration’ have been added in this version.]
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study apical extrusion of debris and irrigants
Authors: Tanalp Jale 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring root canal treatment, intra‐canal content as well as irrigants and root filling materials may be extruded into the periapical tissues, leading to undesirable consequences such as delay of healing and flare‐ups. Although apical extrusion of debris is an inherent occurrence of root canal treatment and no instrument or technique has totally solved this problem, attempts are underway to minimize the harm exerted to periapical tissues with the development of new techniques. This has led researchers to continuously evaluate new instruments and methodologies in terms of apical extrusion. New research on extrusion is frequently published some of which utilize traditional experimental designs and others assessing extrusion using modified or innovative methodologies. This review focuses on the research methods and experimental models to study apical extrusion of debris and irrigants by making a critical analysis of each technique. A PubMed and Scopus search was conducted and 144 articles relevant to apical extrusion were retrieved from 1968 until 2021. The methodologies used in every research article were evaluated and a classification was created. Each methodology is described with the general outlines and advantages and drawbacks of each technique summarized with a critical approach. It appears that the collection of debris in a vial still serves as a method chosen by authors even in most recent studies. On the other hand, development of experimental models that include multiple factors considering the drawbacks of the existing study designs is essential to draw more reliable conclusions on the apical extrusion phenomenon.
Rethinking Nature and Grace: The Logic of Creation’s Consummation
Authors: McFarland Ian A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA central challenge of Christian reflection on eschatological hope is the ability to balance affirmations of continuity and discontinuity between life now and the life to come. This challenge is exemplified in 2 Peter’s assurance that believers become ‘participants in the divine nature’ (1:4), which raises tricky questions regarding the relationship between human nature as created and the grace by which it is elevated to glory. Various attempts to address this problem using the categories of nature and grace fail because the use of these terms invariably results in a framework where grace is either decoupled from nature in a way that risks making it appear a mere addendum, or so integrated with nature as to risk blurring its distinctiveness. Drawing on the work of David Kelsey, this article instead proposes that addressing the question in terms of the categories of creation and redemption, understood as two distinct forms of grace, allows the life of glory to be viewed as genuinely gracious without being made ontologically superfluous to human flourishing.
Professional protection as the strategy of nurse managers to deal with nursing negligence
Authors: Khodayarimotlagh Zeinab , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Sadooghiasl Afsaneh , Vaismoradi Mojtaba 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo explore strategies used by nurse managers in dealing with nursing negligence in clinical practice.BackgroundNegligence is a global challenge in healthcare settings with a significant impact on patient safety. Nurse managers have a responsibility to prevent negligence and improve the quality of healthcare services.MethodsThis study used a qualitative research design and an inductive content analysis method. Using semistructured interviews, data were collected from 26 purposively selected nurse managers working in seven hospitals in an urban area of Iran.FindingsThe category of “professional protection” was our main research finding. It encompassed three subcategories of “kind treatment of the nurse accused of negligence,” “nurse manager's prudent support for the nurse accused of negligence,” and “paternalistic leadership style.”ConclusionThe nurse managers tried to overcome the challenge of nursing negligence through professional protection indicating a series of dynamic and conscious activities for dealing with situations that threatened patient safety.Implications for nursing and policyAppropriate management of nursing negligence requires appropriate and peaceful discussion with nurses to preserve their dignity and motivation to work. Education and training about nursing negligence and reflection on negligence incidents can empower nurses and improve the safety of nursing services.
Assessing Perception of Prenatal Care Quality Among Black Women in the United States
Authors: Dailey Rhonda K. , Peoples Ashleigh , Zhang Liying , Dove‐Medows Emily , Price Mercedes , Misra Dawn P. , Giurgescu Carmen 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThere has been little attention to measuring quality of prenatal care from a Black person's perspective. We examined validity and reliability of the Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire (QPCQ) and perceptions of the quality of prenatal care among pregnant Black women.MethodsA total of 190 women had complete data on the postpartum questionnaire containing the QPCQ within 8 weeks after birth. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α. Construct validity was assessed through hypothesis testing using select questions from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) and Pearson's r correlation.ResultsThe mean (SD) maternal age was 26.5 (5.5) years, and 85.3% of births were term (>37 weeks’ 0 days’ gestation). The total mean (SD) QPCQ score was 191.3 (27.9) points (range 46‐230), and the mean (SD) item score for the subscales ranged from 3.88 (0.80) points to 4.27 (0.64). The Cronbach's α for the overall QPCQ score was .97 and ranged from .72 to .96 for the 6 subscale scores, which indicated acceptable internal consistency reliability. All but one subscale had a Cronbach's α higher than .80. The Approachability subscale had a Cronbach's α of .72. Construct validity demonstrated a moderate and significant positive correlation between the PRAMS items and the QPCQ (r = .273, P < .001).DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the validity and reliability of the QPCQ and perceptions of quality of prenatal care among Black women from the United States. The results indicate that participants rate the quality of their prenatal care highly and that the QPCQ is a reliable and valid measure of the quality of prenatal care. Use of a convenient and reliable instrument to measure the quality of prenatal care rather than prenatal care satisfaction or utilization may help to elucidate the factors of prenatal care that are protective specifically among Black women.
Evolution of interface singularities in shallow water equations with variable bottom topography
Authors: Camassa R. , D'Onofrio R. , Falqui G. , Ortenzi G. , Pedroni M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWave front propagation with nontrivial bottom topography is studied within the formalism of hyperbolic long wave models. Evolution of nonsmooth initial data is examined, and, in particular, the splitting of singular points and their short time behavior is described. In the opposite limit of longer times, the local analysis of wave fronts is used to estimate the gradient catastrophe formation and how this is influenced by the topography. The limiting cases when the free surface intersects the bottom boundary, belonging to the so‐called “physical” and “nonphysical” vacuum classes, are examined. Solutions expressed by power series in the spatial variable lead to a hierarchy of ordinary differential equations for the time‐dependent series coefficients, which are shown to reveal basic differences between the two vacuum cases: for nonphysical vacuums, the equations of the hierarchy are recursive and linear past the first two pairs, whereas for physical vacuums, the hierarchy is nonrecursive, fully coupled, and nonlinear. The former case may admit solutions that are free of singularities for nonzero time intervals, whereas the latter is shown to develop nonstandard velocity shocks instantaneously. Polynomial bottom topographies simplify the hierarchy, as they contribute only a finite number of inhomogeneous forcing terms to the equations in the recursion relations. However, we show that truncation to finite‐dimensional systems and polynomial solutions is in general only possible for the case of a quadratic bottom profile. In this case, the system's evolution can reduce to, and is completely described by, a low‐dimensional dynamical system for the time‐dependent coefficients. This system encapsulates all the nonlinear properties of the solution for general power series initial data, and, in particular, governs the loss of regularity in finite times at the dry point. For the special case of parabolic bottom topographies, an exact, self‐similar solution class is introduced and studied to illustrate via closed‐form expressions the general results.
Social Evolution in Jürgen Habermas: Towards a Weak Anthropological Naturalism between Kant and Darwin
Authors: Mejía Fernández Ricardo , Romero Javier 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIssues concerning naturalism have increasingly become the subject of philosophical reflections involving ontological, epistemological, and even ethics affairs. The most popular topic for contemporary philosophy has been the relationship between ontological results of Darwinism and epistemology. Despite the varied circumstances of its establishment, naturalism almost always produces recommendations that reflect a worldview much “weaker” (as in the case of Habermas) than the strong one more common among scientism. There are good structural reasons for this difference. The aim of this paper is to elucidate some of distinctive social features of Habermas's conception of the human being and its implications in the Theory of Communicative Action (1982). Therefore, it is shown that his anthropology takes a naturalistic and Darwinist perspective in the weak naturalism perspective. In the first part, Darwin ́s legacy is analysed as a research program, and Habermas ́s studies on biological anthropology are compared with the latest research in genetics and palaeontology. In the second part, we will show Habermas's proposal to confront an epistemological dualism through a weak non‐reductionist naturalism as a critique of modern metaphysics, which structures a new pragmatic realism.
Born in the mitochondrion and raised in the nucleus: evolution of a novel tandem repeat family in Medicago polymorpha (Fabaceae)
Authors: Choi In‐Su , Wojciechowski Martin F. , Steele Kelly P. , Hunter Sarah G. , Ruhlman Tracey A. , Jansen Robert K. 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYPlant nuclear genomes harbor sequence elements derived from the organelles (mitochondrion and plastid) through intracellular gene transfer (IGT). Nuclear genomes also show a dramatic range of repeat content, suggesting that any sequence can be readily amplified. These two aspects of plant nuclear genomes are well recognized but have rarely been linked. Through investigation of 31 Medicago taxa we detected exceptionally high post‐IGT amplification of mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences containing rps10 in the nuclear genome of Medicago polymorpha and closely related species. The amplified sequences were characterized as tandem arrays of five distinct repeat motifs (2157, 1064, 987, 971, and 587 bp) that have diverged from the mt genome (mitogenome) in the M. polymorpha nuclear genome. The mt rps10‐like arrays were identified in seven loci (six intergenic and one telomeric) of the nuclear chromosome assemblies and were the most abundant tandem repeat family, representing 1.6–3.0% of total genomic DNA, a value approximately three‐fold greater than the entire mitogenome in M. polymorpha. Compared to a typical mt gene, the mt rps10‐like sequence coverage level was 691.5–7198‐fold higher in M. polymorpha and closely related species. In addition to the post‐IGT amplification, our analysis identified the canonical telomeric repeat and the species‐specific satellite arrays that are likely attributable to an ancestral chromosomal fusion in M. polymorpha. A possible relationship between chromosomal instability and the mt rps10‐like tandem repeat family in the M. polymorpha clade is discussed.
Influence of Axial Distance and Duct Angle in the Improvement of Power Generation in Duct Augmented Wind Turbines
Authors: Ramayee L. , Supradeepan K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Diffuser augmented wind turbines (DAWTs) are incredibly beneficial to low wind speed areas. The duct that surrounds the turbine improves the power output by accelerating the approaching wind directing the wind through the blade. The power output of DAWT mainly depends on the duct length by turbine diameter (L/D) ratio, duct angle, axial distance, and tip clearance between the blade and duct. This article gives an insight into the performance variation of DAWT for various duct L/D ratios. Numerical simulations were performed on DAWT using ansys fluent, and the performance characteristics were studied for different duct L/D ratios, duct angles, and axial distance. The investigations found that axial distance of 0.06D for duct L/D ratios between 0.15 and 0.60 gives improved performance. It was found that the optimal duct angle is a function of the L/D ratio, and as the L/D ratio increases, the duct angle increases. A geometric procedure was used to find the pattern in which the angle increases in other L/D ratios. The geometric procedure helps to keep the duct’s inner profiles merging for duct L/D ratios 0.15 to 0.6 by maintaining constant axial distance. By keeping the ducts as per the proposed procedure resulted in angles 22 deg, 38 deg, 45 deg, and 52 deg for duct L/D = 0.15, 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6. The performance of WT with 30 deg angled ducts and proposed angled ducts was compared. The proposed angled ducts had improved power output than 30 deg angled ducts. The proposed axial distance and duct angles help to use the duct length effectively, which shortens the duct and enhances power output.