bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumors of the Spine: When Can Biopsy Be Avoided?
Authors: Weber Marc-André , Bazzocchi Alberto , Nöbauer-Huhmann Iris-M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRegarding osseous tumors of the spine, characteristic morphology is encountered in hemangioma of the vertebral body, osteoid osteoma (OO), osteochondroma, Paget's disease, and bone islands. In these cases, radiologic imaging can make a specific diagnosis and thereby avoid biopsy, especially when the radiologist has chosen the correct imaging modality to establish the diagnosis, such as thin-slice computed tomography in suspected OO. A benign lesion is suggested by a high amount of fat within the lesion, the lack of uptake of the contrast agent, and a homogeneous aspect without solid parts in a cystic tumor. Suspicion of malignancy should be raised in spinal lesions with a heterogeneous disordered matrix, distinct signal decrease in T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, blurred border, perilesional edema, cortex erosion, and a large soft tissue component. Biopsy is mandatory in presumed malignancy, such as any Lodwick grade II or III osteolytic lesion in the vertebral column. The radiologist plays a crucial role in determining the clinical pathway by choosing the imaging approach wisely, by narrowing the differential diagnosis list, and, when characteristic morphology is encountered, by avoiding unnecessary biopsies.
Influence on Therapeutic Decision-Making of Supine and Standing Radiographs after Traumatic Thoracolumbar Fracture in the Elderly
Authors: Noguera-Alonso Laura , Vilà-Canet Gemma , De Caso-Rodriguez Julio , Da Ponte-Prieto Ariadna , Perez-Romera Ana Belen , Velazquez-Fragoso Juan Jose 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background A standing X-ray is recommended for decision-making relative to the therapy for a traumatic thoracolumbar fracture (TLF). However, standing X-ray management can be demanding in elderly patients because of pain. The goal of this study was to determine whether supine radiograph is sufficient for proper therapeutic decision-making in patients older than 65 years with acute stable traumatic TLF.
Methods Patients older than 65 years who came to the emergency department diagnosed with an acute and stable traumatic vertebral fracture between T10 and L3 (both included) were included in the study. Initially, all the patients were studied with a supine radiograph and computed tomography (CT) scan. If the TLF was stable, a standing radiograph was performed. Segmental kyphosis (SK) and visual analog scale (VAS) score were collected and compared in both the supine and standing X-ray projections.
Results Twenty-seven patients with a mean age of 76.39 (range: 65–93) years were included; most were females. The mean supine SK was 10.14degrees (SD±7.22degrees). It increased to 12.97 (SD±8.61degrees) in the standing projection (p<0.001). In 37.1% of the patients, the SK increased from 13.22degrees (SD±7.21degrees) in supine X-ray to 19.96degrees (SD±5.34degrees) in the standing position in this group. When the initial supine projection showed an SK of ≥10degrees, the mean SK observed in the standing X-ray increased to 20.5degrees (SD±5.30, p=0.321).
Conclusion Stable traumatic TLF in patients older than 65 years showing ≥10degrees of SK in supine radiography may benefit from a standing radiography to make a proper therapeutic decision.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: The Past, Present, and Future Considerations
Authors: Iba Toshiaki , Levi Marcel , Thachil Jecko , Levy Jerrold H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been understood as a consumptive coagulopathy. However, impaired hemostasis is a component of DIC that occurs in a progressive manner. The critical concept of DIC is systemic activation of coagulation with vascular endothelial damage. DIC is the dynamic coagulation/fibrinolysis disorder that can proceed from compensated to decompensated phases, and is not simply impaired hemostasis, a misunderstanding that continues to evoke confusion among clinicians. DIC is a critical step of disease progression that is important to monitor over time. Impaired microcirculation and subsequent organ failure due to pathologic microthrombi formation are the pathophysiologies in sepsis-associated DIC. Impaired hemostasis due to coagulation factor depletion from hemodilution, shock, and hyperfibrinolysis occurs in trauma-associated DIC. Overt-DIC diagnostic criteria have been used clinically for more than 20 years but may not be adequate to detect the compensated phase of DIC, and due to different underlying causes, there is no “one-size-fits-all criteria.” Individualized criteria for heterogeneous conditions continue to be proposed to facilitate the diagnosis. We believe that future research will provide therapeutics using new diagnostic criteria. Finally, DIC is also classified as either acute or chronic, and acute DIC results from progressive coagulation activation over a short time and requires urgent management. In this review, we examine the advances in research for DIC.
Improved resistance to oxidation of Ge-doped Fe3O4 thin films with cation excess composition using a sputtering target of FeO
Authors: Abe Seishi 
Published: September 2022

The correlation between the composition of Ge-doped Fe3O4 thin films, including excess cation from stoichiometry, and resistance to oxidation during heat treatment in air was investigated. The films were prepared on glass substrates by radio-frequency sputtering using a target of Ge chips set on a ceramic FeO disk. Ge-doped Fe3O4 films with cation excess compositions were obtained by optimizing the deposition conditions, and five of these samples with Ge concentrations ranging from 0 to 4.3 at. % were heat treated in air at 673 K for up to 113 days. The magnetization after heat treatment was largest at 2.4 at. % Ge, which was larger than that of Fe3−δO4 (δ = 0.054) doped with Ge thin film. In other words, it is clear that the resistance to oxidation is better in the cation excess composition.
Synaptotagmin rings as high-sensitivity regulators of synaptic vesicle docking and fusion
Authors: Zhu Jie , McDargh Zachary A. , Li Feng , Krishnakumar Shyam S. , Rothman James E. , O’Shaughnessy Ben 
Published: September 2022

Synchronous release at neuronal synapses is accomplished by a machinery that senses calcium influx and fuses the synaptic vesicle and plasma membranes to release neurotransmitters. Previous studies suggested the calcium sensor synaptotagmin (Syt) is a facilitator of vesicle docking and both a facilitator and inhibitor of fusion. On phospholipid monolayers, the Syt C2AB domain spontaneously oligomerized into rings that are disassembled by Ca
2+
, suggesting Syt rings may clamp fusion as membrane-separating “washers” until Ca
2+
-mediated disassembly triggers fusion and release [J. Wang et al.,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
111, 13966–13971 (2014)].). Here, we combined mathematical modeling with experiment to measure the mechanical properties of Syt rings and to test this mechanism. Consistent with experimental results, the model quantitatively recapitulates observed Syt ring-induced dome and volcano shapes on phospholipid monolayers and predicts rings are stabilized by anionic phospholipid bilayers or bulk solution with ATP. The selected ring conformation is highly sensitive to membrane composition and bulk ATP levels, a property that may regulate vesicle docking and fusion in ATP-rich synaptic terminals. We find the Syt molecules hosted by a synaptic vesicle oligomerize into a halo, unbound from the vesicle, but in proximity to sufficiently phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-rich plasma membrane (PM) domains, the PM-bound trans Syt ring conformation is preferred. Thus, the Syt halo serves as landing gear for spatially directed docking at PIP2-rich sites that define the active zones of exocytotic release, positioning the Syt ring to clamp fusion and await calcium. Our results suggest the Syt ring is both a Ca
2+
-sensitive fusion clamp and a high-fidelity sensor for directed docking.
Linearized boundary control method for an acoustic inverse boundary value problem
Authors: Oksanen Lauri , Yang Tianyu , Yang Yang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We develop a linearized boundary control method for the inverse boundary value problem of determining a potential in the acoustic wave equation from the Neumann-to-Dirichlet map. When the linearization is at the zero potential, we derive a reconstruction formula based on the boundary control method and prove that it is of Lipschitz-type stability. When the linearization is at a nonzero potential, we prove that the problem is of Hölder-type stability in two and higher dimensions. The proposed reconstruction formula is implemented and evaluated using several numerical experiments to validate its feasibility.
Stable determination of coefficients in semilinear parabolic system with dynamic boundary conditions
Authors: Ait Ben Hassi El Mustapha , Chorfi Salah-Eddine , Maniar Lahcen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, we study the stable determination of four space-dependent coefficients appearing in a coupled semilinear parabolic system with variable diffusion matrices subject to dynamic boundary conditions which couple intern-boundary phenomena. We prove a Lipschitz stability result for interior and boundary potentials by means of only one observation component, localized in any arbitrary open subset of the physical domain. The proof mainly relies on some new Carleman estimates for dynamic boundary conditions of surface diffusion type.
Field emitter electrostatics: a review with special emphasis on modern high-precision finite-element modelling
Authors: de Assis Thiago A , Dall’Agnol Fernando F , Forbes Richard G 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis review of the quantitative electrostatics of field emitters, covering analytical, numerical and ‘fitted formula’ approaches, is thought the first of its kind in the 100 years of the subject. The review relates chiefly to situations where emitters operate in an electronically ideal manner, and zero-current electrostatics is applicable. Terminology is carefully described and is ‘polarity independent’, so that the review applies to both field electron and field ion emitters. It also applies more generally to charged, pointed electron-conductors—which exhibit the ‘electrostatic lightning-rod effect’, but are poorly discussed in general electricity and magnetism literature. Modern electron-conductor electrostatics is an application of the chemical thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of electrons. In related theory, the primary role of classical electrostatic potentials (rather than fields) becomes apparent. Space and time limitations have meant that the review cannot be comprehensive in both detail and scope. Rather, it focuses chiefly on the electrostatics of two common basic emitter forms: the needle-shaped emitters used in traditional projection technologies; and the post-shaped emitters often used in modelling large-area multi-emitter electron sources. In the post-on-plane context, we consider in detail both the electrostatics of the single post and the interaction between two identical posts that occurs as a result of electrostatic depolarization (often called ‘screening’ or ‘shielding’). Core to the review are discussions of the ‘minimum domain dimensions’ method for implementing effective finite-element-method electrostatic simulations, and of the variant of this that leads to very precise estimates of dimensionless field enhancement factors (error typically less than 0.001% in simple situations where analytical comparisons exist). Brief outline discussions, and some core references, are given for each of many ‘related considerations’ that are relevant to the electrostatic situations, methods and results described. Many areas of field emitter electrostatics are suggested where further research and/or separate mini-reviews would probably be useful.
Low-temperature infrared spectroscopy of the strongly correlated semiconductor Tm0.19Yb0.81B12with dynamic charge stripes
Authors: Zhukova Elena , Melentyev Aleksander , Gorshunov Boris , Muratov Andrey , Aleshchenko Yurii , Azarevich Andrey , Krasikov Kirill , Shitsevalova Natalya , Filipov Volodymyr , Sluchanko Nikolay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTm1–xYbxB12dodecaborides represent model objects for the studies of quantum critical behavior, metal–insulator transitions (MITs) and complex charge-spin–orbital–phonon coupling phenomena. In spite of intensive investigations, the mechanism of semiconducting ground state formation both in YbB12and in the Yb-based strongly correlated electron systems remains a subject of active debates. We have performed first systematic measurements of temperature-dependent spectra of infrared conductivity of Tm0.19Yb81B12at frequencies 40–35 000 cm−1and in the temperature range 10–300 K. Analysis of the temperature evolution of the observed absorption resonances is performed allowing to associate these with the cooperative dynamic Jahn–Teller instability of the boron sub-lattice. This ferrodistortive effect of B12-complexes induces the rattling modes of the rare earth ions leading to emergence of both the intra-gap mixed-type collective excitations and the dynamic charge stripes. We estimate the temperature-dependent effective mass of charge carriers and propose the scenario of transformation of the many-body states in the multiple relaxation channels. We attribute the MIT to the localization of electrons at the vibrationally coupled Yb–Yb pairs, which is accompanied by the electronic phase separation and formation of the nanoscale filamentary structure of electron density (stripes) in Tm1–xYbxB12compounds.
Spin-selective thermoelectric transport along a vibrating α-helical protein molecule
Authors: Zhai Guangwei , Zhu Yanyan , Jiang Feng , Yan Yonghong , Wang Shikuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Motivated by the development of bio-thermoelectricity and spin caloritronics, we studied the nonlinear spin-selective transport along a vibrating α-helical protein molecule in the presence of thermal bias by using the standard nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism. Our results demonstrate that the thermal bias induces the oscillation of spin-polarization between positive and negative values accompanied by spin current with increasing the chain length. Moreover, even for the very short preparable peptide chains, external electron-phonon interaction can give rise to the spin-selectivity, whereas characteristic electron-phonon interaction can not, but in conjunction with thermal bias, it has an important impact on the total current’s direction and the spin-polarized current intensity. Finally, the spin-polarization induced by thermal bias can be modulated by gate-bias much more easily as compared to that induced by electric bias. We conclude that by applying thermal bias and gate-bias, α-helical protein molecules are conducive to the storage of binary digits.
SWT-KELM-based rolling bearing fault diagnosis method under noise conditions with different SNRs
Authors: Wang Jinxi , Ye Chenglong , Jiang Mingshun , Zhang Faye , Sui Qingmei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Most existing studies carry out bearing fault diagnosis tasks in labs with weak noise. However, field noise is so heavy under actual conditions that some methods may suffer from degradation or failure. To solve this problem, a fault diagnosis framework is proposed based on the synchrosqueezing wavelet transform and kernel extreme learning machine (SWT-KELM). First, vibration signals are collected, and white Gaussian noise is added. Second, SWT is employed for signal decomposition in the time–frequency domain, and inverse SWT is applied for subsignal reconstruction. Subsignals with high correlation coefficients are selected for further feature extraction, specifically by singular value decomposition, to obtain singular values as the fault feature. Third, the KELM model, in which the beetle antennae search algorithm is employed for parameter optimization, is constructed to classify the faults. For verification, the proposed method is implemented on the Case Western Reserve University dataset and Lab-625 dataset, and the results show that it maintains satisfactory outcomes on original and noise-contaminated data. Specifically, under noisy conditions, the accuracies of the two datasets average at 96% and 83%, respectively, indicating the robustness and generalization of the method compared to other methods.
A green approach for the preparation of ZnO@C nanocomposite using agave americana plant extract with enhanced photodegradation
Authors: Jakhrani Mansab Ali , Tahira Aneela , Bhatti Muhammad Ali , Shah Aqeel Ahmed , Shaikh Nek Muhammad , Mari Riaz Hussain , Vigolo Brigitte , Emo Mélanie , Albaqami Munirah D , Nafady Ayman , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study demonstrates the crucial role of agave americana extract in enhancing the optical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) through thermal treatment method. Various analytical and surface science techniques have been used to identify the morphology, crystalline structure, chemical composition, and optical properties, including scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and UV–visible spectroscopy techniques. The physical studies revealed the transformation of ZnO nanorods into nanosheets upon addition of an optimized amount of agave americana extract, which induced large amount of amorphous carbon deposited onto ZnO nanostructures as confirmed by HRTEM analysis. The use of increasing amount of americana extract has significantly reduced the average crystallite size of ZnO nanostructures. The resultant hybrid system of C@ZnO has produced a significant effect on the ultraviolet light-assisted photodegradation of malachite green (MG) dye. The photocatalyst dose was fixed at 10 mg for each study whereas the amount of agave americana extract and MG dye concentration are varied. The functionality of hybrid system was greatly enhanced when the amount of agave americana extract increased while dye concentration kept at lower level. Ultimately, almost 100% degradation efficiency was achieved via the prepared hybrid material, revealing combined contribution from synergy, stabilization of ZnO due to excess of carbon together with the high charge separation rate. The obtained results suggest that the driving role of agave americana extract for surface modification of photocatalyst can be considered for other nanostructured photocatalysts.
Non-negative constrained dictionary learning for compressed sensing of ECG signals
Authors: Zhang Bing , Xiong Pengwen , Liu Jizhong , Wu Jianhua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Overcomplete dictionaries are widely used in compressed sensing (CS) to improve the quality of signal reconstruction. However, dictionary learning under the

ℓ

0

-norm or

ℓ

1

-norm constraint inevitably produces dictionary atoms that are negatively correlated with the original signal; meanwhile, when we use a sparse linear combination of dictionary atoms to represent a signal, it is suboptimal for the dictionary atoms to “cancel each other out” by addition and subtraction to approximate the sample. In this paper, we propose a non-negative constrained dictionary learning (NCDL) algorithm to improve the reconstruction performance of CS with electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Approach. Non-NCDL was divided into an encoding stage and a dictionary learning stage. In the encoding stage, non-negative constraints were imposed on the encoding coefficients and obtained the sparse solution using the alternating direction method of multipliers. At the same time, a penalty term was integrated into the objective function in order to remove small coding coefficients and achieve the effect of sparse coding. In the dictionary learning stage, the block coordinate descent algorithm was utilized to update the dictionary with a view to obtaining an overcomplete dictionary. Results. The performance of the proposed NCDL algorithm was evaluated using the standard MIT-BIH database. Quantitative performance metrics, such as percent root mean square difference (PRD1) and root mean square error, were compared with existing CS approaches to quantify the efficacy of the proposed scheme. For a PRD1 value of 9%, the compression ratio (CR) of the NCDL approach was around 2.78. When CR ranged from 1.05 to 2.78, the proposed NCDL approach outperformed the method of optimal direction, k-means singular value decomposition, and online dictionary learning approaches in ECG signal reconstruction based on CS. Significance. This promising preliminary result demonstrates the capability and feasibility of the proposed bioimpedance method and may open up a new direction for this application. The non-NCDL method proposed in this paper can be used to obtain a sparse basis and improve the performance of CS reconstruction.
Optimization of anti-bending deformation of aerogel sandwich thermal protection structure
Authors: Xu Yahui , Zhang Peiwei , Tian Zhiqiang , Fei Qingguo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The failure of the thermal protection structure is very important to the safety of the aircraft structure. In order to accurately predict the flexural behavior of the aerogel sandwich thermal protection structure, first of all, for the sandwich structure in the form of statically indeterminate beam with variable cross-section, the beam theory considering the transverse shear deformation of the core layer was deduced. Secondly, by comparing the deflections, the forms of deflection curve and the maximum strains of the upper panel, the accuracy of the theoretical prediction was analyzed. Then, according to the requirements of heat protection and integrity of the thermal protection structure, the optimization analyses of the parameters of the core layer, such as the thickness, the density and the elastic modulus, were carried out. The results showed that the beam theory considering the transverse shear deformation of the core layer had better prediction accuracy. The maximum deflection error was the smallest, which was -17%, and the form of the deflection curve was the most reasonable. Within the range of the physical parameters of the core layer studied, the theoretical basis and guiding direction were given for the regulation of the performance of the aerogel core layer.
Development of FSM corrosion monitoring system based on Cloud Server
Authors: Qi Yonggang , Yang Xuyun , Duan Rujiao , Fu Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
FSM (field signature method) is a new non plug-in on-line monitoring method for pipeline corrosion. The traditional FSM corrosion monitoring equipment is generally a single machine to copy data or collect terminal client wireless transmission data, which is not convenient for data management. In this paper, cloud service is introduced into the monitoring system, and the FSM corrosion monitoring system based on cloud server is developed, which realizes the functions of real-time, online and remote control. The monitoring system can obtain the current status data of the monitored pipeline in real time, and calculate the corrosion parameters of the pipeline according to the data sent back by the measuring device. The system can draw trend diagram and morphology diagram according to the calculated corrosion parameters, display database data tables and relevant charts, and send monitoring information regularly.