bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament levels with magnetic resonance imaging lesion location and disease activity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Adams Ashok , Tilden William , Bestwick Jonathan , Holden David , Bianchi Lucia , Smets Ide , Giovannoni Gavin , Gnanapavan Sharmilee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeNeurofilament light chain (NfL) is an accepted biomarker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but its relationship with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity particularly in reference to lesion location and recurrent activity is not well understood.MethodsIn 139 MS patients who underwent lumbar punctures with follow‐up in 25, the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfL and cranial MRI based on lesion location and lesion number was evaluated. Spearman rank correlation was used to assess the association between CSF NfL and MRI lesion location and lesion counts at baseline and follow‐up at 1 year. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess which lesion location was most strongly associated with CSF NfL values.ResultsThe associations between baseline CSF NfL and lesion location and follow‐up lesions were modest, whilst those between baseline MRI and follow‐up CSF NfL were greater: periventricular (r = 0.31, p = 0.141), juxtacortical (r = 0.47, p = 0.022), infratentorial (r = 0.71, p ≤ 0.001) and cord lesions (r = 0.60, p = 0.002). All associations, however, improved following adjustment for disease duration and type of MS. Modelling revealed 53% of (log) CSF NfL could be explained by variance in baseline MRI lesion location.ConclusionsBaseline CSF NfL did not correlate with current or future MRI activity and lesion location. However, baseline MRI activity explained around 53% of the variation in the follow‐up CSF NfL, suggesting that the relationship between MRI and CSF NfL is mainly precedent rather than an association, that is one occurring before the other.
Artifical intelligence with optimal deep learning enabled automated retinal fundus image classification model
Authors: Gupta Indresh Kumar , Choubey Abha , Choubey Siddhartha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) and age related macular degeneration (AMD) becomes widespread microvascular illness among diabetic patients. Traditional retinal fundus image classification requires visual inspection by the professionals, which is time consuming and requires expert's knowledge. Earlier identification of retinal diseases is essential to delay or avoid vision deterioration and vision loss. The recently developed artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) models can be employed for accurate retinal image classification. With this motivation, this study designs a new artificial intelligence with optimal deep convolutional neural network (AI‐ODCNN) technique for retinal fundus image classification. Primarily, the proposed model uses the Gaussian Blur based noise removal and contrast enhancement technique (CLAHE) based contrast enhancement technique to pre‐process the retinal fundus image. In addition, morphology and contour based image segmentation is performed. Moreover, the deep CNN with RMSProp Optimizer is employed for retinal fundus image classification. A wide range of simulations was performed on the automated retinal image analysis and structured analysis of the retina and the outcomes are examined with respect to various measures. The simulation outcomes ensured the better performance of the proposed approach related to other recent algorithms with maximum accuracy of 96.47%.
A multi‐task learning based approach for efficient breast cancer detection and classification
Authors: Mishra Arnab Kumar , Roy Pinki , Bandyopadhyay Sivaji , Das Sujit Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAutomatic segmentation and classification of breast tumours in ultrasound images using deep learning approaches can help early detect breast cancer. Such predictive modelling can potentially significantly improve the survival chances of the involved patients. Most of the typical deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based approaches consider segmentation and classification tasks separately. But this loses important supervisory information to help achieve better model training. This work proposes the integrated learning of both of these tasks in an end‐to‐end manner, using a multi‐task learning based approach. More specifically, a convolutional encoder‐decoder based architecture is coupled with a residual CNN for performing segmentation and classification together. The level‐wise feature maps from both the encoder and decoder parts of the segmentation network are utilized for classification in the proposed approach. From experimental analysis on a publicly available breast ultrasound image (BUSI) dataset, it has been observed that the proposed approach can achieve impressive performances, both with respect to tumour segmentation and classification. A mean test set AUC of 0.97 and a mean dice score of 0.74 is achieved, establishing a new state‐of‐the‐art performance on the BUSI dataset. From the impressive experimental observations, it can be concluded that learning to perform both segmentation and classification simultaneously can have a very high positive impact on the overall quality of the predictive model. Such observations suggest that the proposed approach can be beneficial in providing real‐time decision support to the involved diagnostic radiologists, which can help improve the survival chances of the corresponding patients.
Toward a better use of fisheries data in spatial planning
Authors: Chollett Iliana , Perruso Larry , O'Farrell Shay 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the search for protecting biodiversity, enhancing sustainable resource use, and minimizing conflict among users, spatial planning is now ubiquitous around the globe. Acquiring maps of fishing activity is critical to account for the interests of fishers, but fisheries are generally underrepresented in spatial plans. We conducted a quantitative systematic literature review on how fisheries data have been included in spatial planning. 145 research articles were reviewed. Most studies (99%) assessed marine ecosystems. A kaleidoscope of data sources has been used to map fisheries, from vessel tracking data (11%) to surrogates (17%). Most articles (43%) have focused on mapping fishing effort, but other variables might be more relevant for spatial planning. Stakeholder groups are generally aggregated together (84%), but to achieve socially equitable outcomes, differences in relative importance or vulnerability should be included in the analyses. There ought to be a shift in spatial and temporal scale so that the scale in which fishing activity is recorded matches the scales needed for relevant management. At the planning stage, fishing data have been incorporated mostly to avoid conflict (97%). However, when stocks are overfished, ensuring some areas remain open to fishing and including fisheries in alternative ways to “cost” (which incorporates the economic and social impact of spatial closures) might be necessary. The use of inappropriate fisheries data has produced spatial plans that lead to poor management decisions, social conflict, and lack of compliance. Based on these results, we offer a set of suggestions on how to develop fisheries spatial planning research that will promote environmental and social sustainability.
Value of coastal habitats to commercial fisheries in Jersey, English Channel, and the role of marine protected areas
Authors: Blampied Samantha R. , Sheehan Emma V. , Binney Francis C. T. , Attrill Martin J. , Rees Sian E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFisheries are in decline worldwide, and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are being advocated as tools that can not only protect and restore biodiversity but also improve fisheries sustainability and protect fisher livelihoods. To understand the role of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in underpinning commercial fisheries, this study demonstrates the economic value of Jersey's benthic substrates (habitats) for five predominant species fished by Jersey and French vessels: Homarus gammarus, Cancer pagurus, Maja brachydactyla, Pecten maximus and Buccinum undatum. Value was apportioned between habitats that support these commercial species across their essential life history stages, and the proportional economic value that was protected from bottom‐towed fishing within MPAs was analysed. Multiple habitats across Jersey's territorial waters contributed a total economic value of £14,664,729, with £4,127,999 protected within MPAs. Overall, subtidal sediment was the most valuable habitat to both Jersey (£2.12 million) and French (£2.47 million) fisheries but was also the least protected habitat from bottom‐towed fishing (2.73%). Our findings support an ecosystem‐based approach to fisheries management and emphasise the importance of considering species life histories, and their habitat requirements, in management plans.
Nitrogen addition to soil affects microbial carbon use efficiency: Meta‐analysis of similarities and differences in 13C and 18O approaches
Authors: Hu Junxi , Huang Congde , Zhou Shixing , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe carbon use efficiency (CUE) of soil microorganisms is a critical parameter for the first step of organic carbon (C) transformation by and incorporation into microbial biomass and shapes C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. As C and nitrogen (N) cycles interact closely and N availability affects microbial metabolism, N addition to soil may shift the microbial CUE. We conducted a meta‐analysis (100 data pairs) to generalize information about the microbial CUE response to N addition in soil based on the two most common CUE estimation approaches: (i) 13C‐labelled substrate addition (13C‐substrate) and (ii) 18O‐labelled water addition (18O‐H2O). The mean microbial CUE in soils across all biomes and approaches was 0.37. The effects of N addition on CUE, however, were depended on the approach: CUE decreased by 12% if measured by the 13C‐substrate approach, while CUE increased by 11% if measured by the 18O‐H2O approach. These differences in the microbial CUE response depending on the estimation approach are explained by the divergent reactions of microbial growth to N addition: N addition decreases the 13C incorporation into microbial biomass (this parameter is in the numerator by CUE calculation based on the 13C‐substrate approach). In contrast, N addition slightly increases (although statistically insignificant) the microbial growth rate (in the numerator of the CUE calculation when assessed by the 18O‐H2O approach), significantly raising the CUE. We explained these N addition effects based on CUE regulation mechanisms at the metabolic, cell, community, and ecosystem levels. Consequently, the differences in the microbial responses (microbial growth, respiration, C incorporation, community composition, and dormant or active states) between the 13C‐substrate and 18O‐H2O approaches need to be considered. Thus, these two CUE estimation approaches should be compared to understand microbially mediated C and nutrient dynamics under increasing anthropogenic N input and other global change effects.
NETWORK EXTERNALITIES, DOMINANT VALUE MARGINS, AND EQUILIBRIUM UNIQUENESS
Authors: CHOI JAY PIL , STEFANADIS CHRISTODOULOS 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTWe examine tippy network markets that accommodate price discrimination. The analysis shows that when a mild equilibrium refinement, the monotonicity criterion, is adopted, network competition may have a unique subgame‐perfect equilibrium regarding the winner's identity; the prevailing brand may be fully determined by its product features. We bring out the concept of the dominant value margin, which is a metric of the effectiveness of divide‐and‐conquer strategies. The supplier with the larger dominant value margin may always sell to all customers in equilibrium. Such a market outcome is not necessarily socially efficient.
Formulation, characterisation and sensory evaluation of Bio‐Cal instant jelly fortified with chicken bone‐based nano‐biogenic hydroxyapatite
Authors: Liaqat Saba , Ahmed Zaheer 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThis study was aimed to develop Bio‐Cal instant jelly enriched with nano‐biogenic hydroxyapatite (HAp) that was extracted from chicken bone bio‐waste. For HAp preparation, collected sample was proceeded for washing, drying, grinding, sieving, sintering (750°C) and ultra‐sonication. Resultant HAp was characterised by spectroscopy techniques. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) peak of PO43‐ was visible at 1019.76 cm−1 in nano‐biogenic HAp that corresponds to existence of calcium salt. Particle size ranged from 100 to 800 nm, whereas calcium content was found 26.9 ± 0.09 ppm by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed irregular agglomerated nano‐sized crystals while X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) presented crystalline behaviour at 2θ with intensity 213 a.u. The Ca/P ratio based on Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis was 1.82. HAp was further used to develop Bio‐Cal instant jelly with four different formulations; 0%, 0.33%, 0.66% and 1%. Texture profile analysis (TPA) was done to determine cohesiveness, adhesiveness and elasticity of jelly, whereas viscosity ranged from 0.68 ± 0.01 to 0.89 ± 0.01 mm. pH of all formulations lied within the range of 5.52 ± 0.04 to 5.57 ± 0.01. The best acceptability of jelly was seen in ‘nano‐biogenic HAp‐A1’ formulation with mean 7.87 ± 0.35 that may play significant role in minimising calcium risk among end‐users.
Co‐folding scallop muscle proteins with soy β‐conglycinin or glycinin towards composites with tunable solubility and digestibility
Authors: Sun Ruitong , Na Xiaokang , Zheng Xiaohan , Chen Yeming , Du Ming , Wang Tao , Wu Chao 
Published: May 2022

SummaryEdible proteins with high solubility, designable nutritional properties and tunable digestibility are attractive. Scallop muscle proteins (SMPs) are representative marine proteins, which have a poor water‐solubility and thus inferior solubility‐related physicochemical properties. Here, by unfolding SMPs and soy proteins at pH 12.0 followed by shifting to pH 7.0 to refold them together, soluble composite structures were formed, characteristic of uniform nanospheres with a diameter of ~100 nm. Owing to embedment of hydrophobic pockets whereas exposure of hydrophilic moieties, the solubility of SMPs was enhanced from 26% to 91%, depending on the mass ratio of β‐conglycinin/glycinin (7S/11S). Furthermore, the digestibility of the composites can be delicately modulated by harnessing the same stimulus, which highlighted future design of edible proteins with controllable digestion. This study provides a robust and facile strategy for developing edible proteins with tailorable structures and structure‐related functional and nutritional characteristics.
Effects of papain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1‐24‐LJ and their combinations on bacterial community changes and flavour improvement in Suanzhayu, a Chinese traditional fish
Authors: Lv Jing , Lin Xinping , Wang Wenqing , Xu Wenhuan , Li Caichan , Ji Chaofan , Liang Huipeng , Li Shengjie , Zhang Sufang , Zhu Beiwei 
Published: May 2022

SummarySuanzhayu is a traditional Chinese fermented fish that often faces a long fermentation time (about 1 month) and unstable quality. This study evaluated the combined effects of papain and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1‐24‐LJ, a selected starter culture, on the quality of Suanzhayu. The addition of L. plantarum and/or papain increased the content of alcohols, esters, ketones and umami amino acids (UAAs), but decreased the content of bitter amino acids (BAAs). Besides, Lactobacillus might play a role in reducing harmful bacteria and BAAs content and increasing UAAs content, while Lactococcus and Weissella contributed to the characteristic flavour of Suanzhayu. Overall, no significant improvement in sensory quality was observed with the addition of papain alone, while better quality and faster fermentation processes were obtained with the addition of L. plantarum 1‐24‐LJ alone or in combination with papain. The results contribute to quality control in Suanzhayu production and the selection of starter cultures.
Effect of storage time on the microbial, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of ovine whey‐based fruit beverages
Authors: Nedanovska Emilija , Jakopović Katarina Lisak , Daniloski Davor , Vaskoska Rozita , Vasiljevic Todor , Barukčić Irena 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe aim of this study was to establish the physicochemical, sensory and microbiological quality of ovine whey‐based fruit beverages produced from pasteurised ovine whey (mango flavoured–sugar sweetened [M‐Su], pineapple flavoured–extra sugar sweetened [P‐ESu], and tropical fruit flavoured–stevia sweetened [T‐St]), and the changes in quality of these beverage types during the 15‐day storage. The beverages were evaluated for their pH, colour, sediment and particle size distribution, microbiological count and sensory quality. No significant differences in the pH and the microbial counts among the beverages were noted during the storage period; however, the particle size distribution reflected the sediment formation that significantly decreased during the same period in all beverage types. The beverages were getting lighter during storage, which was evident by increasing L* and decreasing a* values for colour. All three beverage types had very high scores for taste and odour after 9 days, and colour and sediment after 5 days of storage. Beverage‐type T‐St was most preferred by consumers, with the highest scores for taste, odour and sensory appearance. These results can assist in the better determination of the deteriorative changes in a variety of ovine whey‐based beverages, necessary changes in product composition that might result in improved product quality, and yet reducing losses incurred during ovine milk processing. In this sense, this research's findings contribute to the utilisation of whey beverages by the dairy industry to the development of functional products.
Urinary symptoms and incontinence in postmenopausal women and the effects on quality of life
Authors: Demirtaş Fatma Aslan , Başar Fatma , Aba Yılda Arzu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the effects of urinary symptoms and incontinence on quality of life in postmenopausal women. The sample of the cross‐sectional study consisted of 327 women aged 50–65 who visited primary healthcare centers between 16 April and 30 July 2018. The data were collected using a personal information form, the Urinary Symptom Profile Questionnaire (USP) and the Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (I‐QOL). The mean age of the women participating in the study was 57.89 ± 5.05. It was found that 50.5% of the women had a history of incontinence. While the total mean USP score of all women participating in the study was 4.94 ± 4.81, it was 7.98 ± 4.85 for the women with a history of incontinence. The mean total I‐QOL score was 87.09 ± 16.04 in all women and 76.95 ± 16.93 in the women with a history of incontinence. The women with a history of incontinence were found to have a strong negative correlation between their total USP and total I‐QOL scores. In this study, it was found that the quality of life of women with urinary incontinence, especially their psychosocial health, was found to be significantly affected.
A nucleic acid amplification test‐based strategy does not help inform return to work for healthcare workers with COVID‐19
Authors: Hijano Diego R. , Hoffman James M. , Webby Richard J. , Tang Li , Hakim Hana , Hayden Randall T. , Gaur Aditya H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the utility of a nucleic acid amplification test‐based approach to shorten isolation of healthcare workers (HCWs) with COVID‐19 in the setting of the highly transmissible omicron variant.MethodsBetween December 24, 2021, and January 5, 2022, HCWs who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 were retested with PCR at least 5 days since onset of symptoms.ResultsForty‐six sequential fully COVID‐19 vaccinated HCWs who had tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 underwent follow‐up testing. All the samples were confirmed as omicron variants and only four (8.7%) were negative in the follow‐up test performed at a median of 6 (range 5–12) since onset of symptoms.ConclusionsImplementation of a test‐based strategy is logistically challenging, increases costs, and did not lead to shorter isolation in our institution.
Highly conductive mesoporous hierarchical carbon hollow fibers fabricated via confinement of TiO2 coating by ALD
Authors: Chin Tzu‐Kang , Liao Ming‐Wei , Perng Tsong‐Pyng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA polysulfone (PSF) hollow fiber composed of interconnected nanofibers within its wall was employed as a template to deposit with a layer of TiO2 by atomic layer deposition. Direct nitridation of the TiO2‐coated PSF hollow fiber at 800 and 1000°C was conducted, and a new hierarchical structure of TiOxN1−x and TiN@nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow fibers, respectively, was formed. The PSF fiber served as the source of carbon and was directly transformed to a nitrogen‐doped carbon fiber because the shape change was confined by the TiO2 coating. In the meantime, TiOxN1−x or TiN was formed after the nitridation of TiO2. X‐ray photoelectron spectrometric analysis indicated that there was no chemical bonding between the nitridized coating and the carbon nanofibers. It implies that the nitridation of TiO2 and carbonization of PSF proceed independently and simultaneously in the nitridation process. Raman spectroscopic analysis also confirmed the formation of graphitic lattice and Ti–N bonding. Electrical measurement indicated that both fibers were highly conductive, with the electrical resistivity in the order of 10−5 Ω m, which is lower than those of amorphous carbon and graphite along the direction perpendicular to the basal plane.
An insight into the therapeutic potential of a novel lytic Pseudomonas phage isolated from the river Ganga
Authors: Rathor Nisha , Thakur Chandan Kumar , Das Bimal Kumar , Chaudhry Rama 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aim
Bacteriophages are effective natural antimicrobial agents against drug-resistant pathogens. Therefore, identification and detailed characterization of bacteriophages become essential to explore their therapeutic potential. This study aims to isolate and characterize a lytic bacteriophage against drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods and Results
The Pseudomonas phage AIIMS-Pa-A1, isolated from the river Ganga water against drug-resistant P. aeruginosa, showed a clear lytic zone on spot assay. The phage revealed an icosahedral head (58.20 nm diameter) and a small tail (6.83 nm) under a transmission electron microscope. The growth kinetics showed an adsorption constant of 1.5 × 10−9 phage particles cell−1 ml−1 min−1 and a latent period of approximately 15 min with the burst size of 27 phages per infected cell. The whole-genome sequencing depicted a GC-rich genome of 40.97 kb having a lysis cassette of holin, endolysin and Rz protein, with features of the family Autographiviridae. The comparative genome analysis, Ortho-average nucleotide identity value, and phylogenetic analysis indicated the novelty of the phage AIIMS-Pa-A1.

Conclusions
The study concludes that the Pseudomonas phage AIIMS-Pa-A1 is a novel member of the Autographiviridae family, truly lytic in nature for drug-resistant P. aeruginosa.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The Pseudomonas phage AIIMS-Pa-A1 is having promising potential for future therapeutic intervention to treat drug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections.