bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniquely identifying topological order based on boundary-bulk duality and anyon condensation
Authors: Hai Yong-Ju , Zhang Ze , Zheng Hao , Kong Liang , Wu Jiansheng , Yu Dapeng 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Topological order is a new quantum phase that is beyond Landau’s symmetry-breaking paradigm. Its defining features include robust degenerate ground states, long-range entanglement and anyons. It was known that R and F matrices, which characterize the fusion-braiding properties of anyons, can be used to uniquely identify topological order. In this article, we explore an essential question: how can the R and F matrices be experimentally measured? We show that the braidings, i.e. the R matrices, can be completely determined by the half braidings of boundary excitations due to the boundary-bulk duality and the anyon condensation. The F matrices can also be measured by comparing the quantum states involving the fusion of three anyons in two different orders. Thus we provide a model-independent experimental protocol to uniquely identify topological order. By using quantum simulations based on a toric code model with boundaries encoded in three- and four-qubit systems and state-of-the-art technology, we obtain the first experimental measurement of R and F matrices by means of an NMR quantum computer at room temperature.
Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Advertisements and Use of Electronic Cigarettes: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Luu Ngoc Minh , Phan Thanh Hai , Oh Jin-Kyoung , Myung Seung-Kwon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionElectronic cigarette (EC) advertisements remain unregulated and approach consumers in TV commercials, print ads, radio, and other forms of digital marketing.Aims and MethodsThis study aimed to assess whether exposure to EC advertisements is associated with the use of EC by using a meta-analysis of prospective studies. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to locate eligible studies in November 2021. Pooled adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsOut of 1635 articles searched from databases, we included seven prospective studies that met inclusion criteria in the final analysis. Four out of seven studies involved participants under 18 years of age. In the meta-analysis of all studies, exposure to EC advertisements was significantly associated with the increased use of ECs (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.92; I2 = 60.1%). In the subgroup meta-analyses by source of advertisements, there was no significant association between exposure to EC advertisements on TV, radio, or billboards and the use of EC, while exposure to EC advertisements in retail stores and on Internet or social media significantly increased the use of EC.ConclusionsExposure to EC advertisements was associated with the increased use of ECs, specifically in retail stores and on Internet or social media among adolescents and young adults. Because EC use could serve as a gateway to cigarette smoking in adolescents and young adults, more strict regulations and restrictions on EC advertisements are needed.ImplicationsConcurrent with the rise in electronic cigarette (EC) sales, advertising expenditures for ECs have been increased in the past decade, and there is controversy over the association between exposure to EC advertisements and the use of ECs. This meta-analysis of seven prospective studies showed that exposure to EC advertisements was significantly associated with the increased use of ECs, specifically in retail stores and on Internet or social media among adolescents and young adults. Because, EC use could serve as a gateway to cigarette smoking in adolescents and young adults, more strict regulations and restrictions on EC advertisements are needed.
Film production during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Phillips Leslie E , Dhillon Paul , Kotas Andrew , Kusler Renee , Shih Jeffrey , Kause Juliane 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges for the film industry. Following a shutdown of productions, The Safe Way Forward document was developed to outline disease mitigation protocols. Despite this framework, many unanticipated scenarios arose during reopening of film production with the ongoing pandemic.

Aims
To identify and document promising practices for mitigating COVID-19 transmission in the film industry that can inform future pandemics and other industries.

Methods
We conducted a literature search to review research regarding COVID-19 disease mitigation efforts in the film industry. Through client-facing consultancy and consultant group meetings, we identified those factors most important for disease mitigation in the film industry and applicable to future pandemics and other industries. The Delphi Method enabled experts to review lessons learned as studio consultants during the COVID-19 pandemic; learnings were coded and analyzed for recurring themes.

Results
We identified anxiety, mistrust, and poor communication as key contributors to decreased compliance with COVID-19 protocols. In response, our team demonstrated multi-specialty expertise, provided scientific explanations, and developed trust by listening empathetically and responding with clear, consistent messaging. These measures served to alleviate anxiety, improve compliance, and provide a safe return to production.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the ability and agility of multi-disciplinary experts acting in the absence of clear guidance to support a safe return to film production. Workplace anxiety and non-compliance can be alleviated through effective communication by trusted experts. Lessons learned by our consultancy group can help protect workers across diverse industries in future pandemics.
Population-Level Strategies for Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Prescribing—A Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Savinkina Alexandra , Paltiel A David , Ross Joseph S , Gonsalves Gregg 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
New coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) medications force decision-makers to weigh limited evidence of efficacy and cost in determining which patient populations to target for treatment. A case in point is nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, a drug that has been recommended for elderly, high-risk individuals, regardless of vaccination status, even though clinical trials have only evaluated it in unvaccinated patients. A simple optimization framework might inform a more reasoned approach to the trade-offs implicit in the treatment allocation decision.

Methods
We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using a decision-analytic model comparing 5 nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription policy strategies, stratified by vaccination status and risk for severe disease. We considered treatment effectiveness at preventing hospitalization ranging from 21% to 89%. Sensitivity analyses were performed on major parameters of interest. A web-based tool was developed to permit decision-makers to tailor the analysis to their settings and priorities.

Results
Providing nirmatrelvir/ritonavir to unvaccinated patients at high risk for severe disease was cost-saving when effectiveness against hospitalization exceeded 33% and cost-effective under all other data scenarios we considered. The cost-effectiveness of other allocation strategies, including those for vaccinated adults and those at lower risk for severe disease, depended on willingness-to-pay thresholds, treatment cost and effectiveness, and the likelihood of severe disease.

Conclusions
Priority for nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment should be given to unvaccinated persons at high risk of severe disease from COVID-19. Further priority may be assigned by weighing treatment effectiveness, disease severity, drug cost, and willingness to pay for deaths averted.
An unusual case of gastric angiolipoma presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Alghamdi Saeed Abdulrahman , Alshammery Sahar Matter , Alamari Mahammad Saeed , Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Alshahrani Amer Saeed 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Gastric angiolipomas (GA) are rare benign tumors that can present with gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. We describe a 73-year-old woman who presented with a 3-day history of fatiguability, epigastric pain and melena. A computed tomography scan revealed a hypodense lesion, measuring 6 × 6 × 5 cm, along the upper part of the stomach. An upper endoscopy revealed a large polypoid lesion, measuring 8 × 6 cm, between the cardia and body of the stomach. Multiple biopsy specimens were taken, and a histopathological examination showed an acute erosive helicobacter-associated reactive gastritis but no definitive atypia. A linear endoscopic ultrasound revealed a large, homogenous, hyperechoic lesion, consistent with a lipoma, in the body of the stomach. A fine needle aspiration was negative for malignancy. A laparoscopy was offered, and a wedge resection was performed. A histopathological examination revealed a well-circumscribed, encapsulated lipomatous tumor in the gastric submucosa with focal mucosal ulceration. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and her hemoglobin level subsequently returned to normal. Overall, clinicians may be unfamiliar with GA because patients may present with signs and symptoms that can be confused with other gastrointestinal conditions. Physicians should be aware of the characteristic histopathological features to distinguish GA from other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that may share similar clinical or radiologic features.
Viridiplantae-specific GLXI and GLXII isoforms co-evolved and detoxify glucosone in planta
Authors: Balparda Manuel , Schmitz Jessica , Duemmel Martin , Wuthenow Isabell C , Schmidt Marc , Alseekh Saleh , Fernie Alisdair R , Lercher Martin J , Maurino Veronica G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) such as methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO) are highly reactive, unwanted side-products of cellular metabolism maintained at harmless intracellular levels by specific scavenging mechanisms.MGO and GO are metabolized through the glyoxalase (GLX) system, which consists of two enzymes acting in sequence, GLXI and GLXII. While plant genomes encode a number of different GLX isoforms, their specific functions and how they arose during evolution are unclear. Here, we used Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as a model species to investigate the evolutionary history of GLXI and GLXII in plants and whether the GLX system can protect plant cells from the toxicity of RCS other than MGO and GO. We show that plants possess two GLX systems of different evolutionary origins and with distinct structural and functional properties. The first system is shared by all eukaryotes, scavenges MGO and GO, especially during seedling establishment, and features Zn2+-type GLXI proteins with a metal cofactor preference that were present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. GLXI and GLXII of the second system, featuring Ni2+-type GLXI, were acquired by the last common ancestor of Viridiplantae through horizontal gene transfer from proteobacteria and can together metabolize keto-D-glucose (KDG, glucosone), a glucose-derived RCS, to D-gluconate. When plants displaying loss-of-function of a Viridiplantae-specific GLXI were grown in KDG, D-gluconate levels were reduced to 10%–15% of those in the wild type, while KDG levels showed an increase of 48%–67%. In contrast to bacterial GLXI homologs, which are active as dimers, plant Ni2+-type GLXI proteins contain a domain duplication, are active as monomers, and have a modified second active site. The acquisition and neofunctionalization of a structurally, biochemically, and functionally distinct GLX system indicates that Viridiplantae are under strong selection to detoxify diverse RCS.
Fast X-ray fluorescence microscopy provides high-throughput phenotyping of element distribution in seeds
Authors: Ren Zi-Wen , Yang Meng , McKenna Brigid A , Lian Xing-Ming , Zhao Fang-Jie , Kopittke Peter M , Lombi Enzo , Wang Peng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe concentration, chemical speciation, and spatial distribution of essential and toxic mineral elements in cereal seeds have important implications for human health. To identify genes responsible for element uptake, translocation, and storage, high-throughput phenotyping methods are needed to visualize element distribution and concentration in seeds. Here, we used X-ray fluorescence microscopy (μ-XRF) as a method for rapid and high-throughput phenotyping of seed libraries and developed an ImageJ-based pipeline to analyze the spatial distribution of elements. Using this method, we nondestructively scanned 4,190 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized M1 rice (Oryza sativa) seeds and 533 diverse rice accessions in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) panel to simultaneously measure concentrations and spatial distribution of elements in the embryo, endosperm, and aleurone layer. A total of 692 putative mutants and 65 loci associated with the spatial distribution of elements in rice seed were identified. This powerful method provides a basis for investigating the genetics and molecular mechanisms controlling the accumulation and spatial variations of mineral elements in plant seeds.
Ξ − atomic X-ray spectroscopy using a counter-emulsion hybrid method
Authors: Fujita M , Ekawa H , Endo Y , Goto R , Hasegawa S , Hayakawa S H , Hayashi K , Honda R , Hoshino K , Hosomi K , Ichikawa M , Ichikawa Y , Ito H , Ishikawa Y , Jung W S , Kasagi A , Kim S H , Kinbara S , Kobayashi H , Koike T , Lee J Y , Lin P M , Nagase Y , Nakashima D , Nakazawa K , Nanamura T , Nishimura N , Nishimura S , Nyaw A N L , Ohashi M , Sako H , Soe M K , Tamura H , Theint A M M , Tint K T , Toyama Y , Ukai M , Yamamoto T O , Yang S B , Yoshida J , Yoshimoto M , Zhang D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ξ− atomic X-ray spectroscopy is one of the most useful methods for investigation of the Ξ–nucleus strong interaction. Since the X-ray energy is shifted and/or broadened due to the Ξ–nucleus strong interaction compared to those calculated from electromagnetic interaction alone, the measurement of the energy shift, ΔE, and the width, Γ, give us information on the Ξ–nucleus potential. A serious problem in the measurement is the significant background derived from in-flight Ξ− decay. A novel method of identifying stopped Ξ− events using the nuclear emulsion was developed to realize the first Ξ− atomic X-ray spectroscopy experiment as the J-PARC E07 experiment, which also aimed at searching for ΛΛ and Ξ− hypernuclei in the emulsion. The X-rays emitted from Ξ− Br and Ξ− Ag atoms were measured using germanium detectors. No clear peaks were observed in the obtained spectra. However, we succeeded in reducing the background to 1/170 by this method employing coincidence measurements using nuclear emulsion and X-ray detectors.
Noether’s 1st theorem with local symmetries
Authors: Aoki Sinya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Noether’s 2nd theorem applied to a total system states that a global symmetry which is a part of local symmetries does not provide a physically meaningful conserved charge but it instead leads to off-shell constraints as a form of conserved currents. In this paper, we propose a general method to derive a matter-conserved current associated with a special global symmetry in the presence of local symmetries. While currents derived from local symmetries of a matter sector with a covariant background gauge field are not conserved in general, we show that the current associated with a special type of a global symmetry, called a hidden matter symmetry, is on-shell conserved. We apply this derivation to a U(1) gauge theory, general relativity and non-abelian gauge theory. In general relativity, the associated conserved charge agrees with the one recently proposed from a different point of view.
Microglia: Friends or Foes in Glaucoma? A Developmental Perspective
Authors: Ahmad Iqbal , Subramani Murali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Glaucoma is the most prevalent form of optic neuropathy where a progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leads to irreversible loss of vision. The mechanism underlying glaucomatous degeneration remains poorly understood. However, evidence suggests that microglia, which regulate RGC numbers and synaptic integrity during development and provide homeostatic support in adults, may contribute to the disease process. Hence, microglia represent a valid cellular target for therapeutic approaches in glaucoma. Here, we provide an overview of the role of microglia in RGC development and degeneration in the backdrop of neurogenesis and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system and discuss how pathological recapitulation of microglia-mediated developmental mechanisms may help initiate or exacerbate glaucomatous degeneration.
Prediction of Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness in adult populations and in clinically-vulnerable subgroups
Authors: Volkov Oleg , Borozdenkova Svetlana , Gray Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPredictions of Covid vaccine effectiveness could support rapid and effective measures against the pandemic. Our modelling boosts the accuracy and applications of these predictions, especially to subgroups. We model the symptomatic effectiveness of Comirnaty or Vaxzevria with 50% neutralising antibody titres from a large UK immunogenicity study and with up to 68 effectiveness estimates from 23 vaccine studies. We predicted effectiveness in adult populations, age and disease subgroups, with 45% (95% CI: 27–63) predicted against Omicron BA.1 for Comirnaty boosters in haemodialysis patients. Prediction errors for two Comirnaty doses in adults were 1.9%, 2.6% and 0.4%, against the Alpha, Beta and Delta variants, versus 3.6%, 28% and 8.7% with a state-of-the-art alternative; and for Vaxzevria, 1.1% and 0.7% against Alpha and Delta, versus 18% and 20.4%. Identical titres implied between 18% (95% CI: 1–33) and 31% (95% CI: 13–50) lower Comirnaty effectiveness against Omicron BA.1 than Delta.
Universal microbial reworking of dissolved organic matter along environmental gradients
Authors: Freeman Erika C , Emilson Erik JS , Dittmar Thorsten , Braga Lucas PP , Emilson Caroline E , Goldhammer Tobias , Martineau Christine , Singer Gabriel , Tanentzap Andrew J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoils are losing increasing amounts of carbon annually to freshwaters as dissolved organic matter (DOM), which, if degraded, can accelerate climate change. DOM is more susceptible to degradation closer to its source and becomes increasingly dominated by the same, difficult-to-degrade compounds as degradation proceeds. However, the processes underlying DOM degradation across environments are poorly understood. Here we found DOM changed similarly along soil-aquatic gradients irrespective of differences in environmental conditions. Using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry, we tracked DOM along soil depths and hillslope positions in forest headwater catchments and related its composition to soil microbiomes and physical chemistry. Along depths and hillslopes, carbohydrate-like and unsaturated hydrocarbon-like compounds increased in mass, suggestive of microbial reworking of plant material. More than half of the variation in the abundance of these compounds was related to the expression of genes essential for degrading plant-derived carbohydrates. Our results implicate continuous microbial reworking in shifting DOM towards universal compounds in soils. By synthesising data from the land-to-ocean continuum, we suggest these processes can generalise across ecosystems and spatiotemporal scales. Such general degradation patterns can be leveraged to predict DOM composition and its downstream reactivity along environmental gradients to inform management of soil-to-stream carbon losses.
Organization, genomic targeting and assembly of three distinct SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes inArabidopsis
Authors: Fu Wei , Yu Yaoguang , Shu Jie , Yu Zewang , Zhu Tao , Zhong Yixiong , Zhang Zhihao , Liang Zhenwei , Cui Yuhai , Chen Chen , Li Chenlong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSwitch defective/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complexes are evolutionarily conserved multi-subunit machines that play vital roles in chromatin architecture regulation for modulating gene expression via sliding or ejection of nucleosomes in eukaryotes. In plants, perturbations of SWI/SNF subunits often result in severe developmental disorders. However, the subunit composition, pathways of assembly, and genomic targeting of the plant SWI/SNF complexes remain undefined. Here, we reveal the organization, genomic targeting and assembly of three distinct Arabidopsis SWI/SNF complexes:BRAHMA-AssociatedSWI/SNF complexes (BAS),SPLAYED-AssociatedSWI/SNF complexes (SAS) andMINUSCULE-AssociatedSWI/SNF complexes (MAS). We show that BAS complexes are equivalent to human ncBAF, whereas SAS and MAS complexes evolve in multiple subunits unique to plants, suggesting a plant-specific functional evolution of SWI/SNF complexes. We further demonstrate overlapping and specific genomic targeting of the three plant SWI/SNF complexes on chromatin and reveal that SAS complexes are necessary for the correct genomic localization of the BAS complexes. Finally, we define the role of core module subunit in the assembly of the plant SWI/SNF complexes and highlight that ATPase module subunit is required for global complex stability and the interaction of core module subunits in SAS and BAS complexes in Arabidopsis. Together, our work highlights the divergence of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers during the eukaryote evolution and provides a comprehensive landscape for understanding the plant SWI/SNF complexes organization, assembly, genomic targeting, and function.One-sentence summaryComprehensively define the organization, genomic targeting and assembly of three distinct SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes in Arabidopsis
The roles of supervisor support, employee engagement and internal communication in performance: a social exchange perspective
Authors: Imam Hassan , Sahi Anu , Farasat Mobina 
Published: November 2022

PurposeOrganizations generally seek to achieve higher productivity and performance from employees but leave out the vital roles of engagement and communication. Employees' role at the micro, meso and macro levels cannot be ignored in organizational growth. However, the question remains: how to engage employees to reap performance benefits? This study examines how leaders' support and communication increase subordinates' engagement and performance by applying social exchange theory (SET).Design/methodology/approachDyadic data of 249 full-time (middle-level) employees and their leaders were collected from the Indian automobile sector through a survey. After achieving the goodness-of-fit indices, the hypothesized framework was analyzed.FindingsThe authors found that employees who perceived support from their leaders were engaged, which consequently adds to their performance. Similarly, the results of moderation analysis highlighted that internal communication is a crucial factor in engagement.Practical implicationsBy measuring employee engagement across three dimensions (cognitive, emotional, and physical), this study adds to the business communication literature and calls attention to human resource professionals to update the organization's policies to enable managers to engage their subordinates for better performance. Organizational development specialists can improve internal communication, which further enhances the relationship between leaders' support and engagement.Originality/valueThis study advanced the literature by discussing the marginally discussed role of internal communication in the nexus of engagement–performance. Additionally, this study contributes to our understanding of the engagement–performance nexus as an outcome of leadership.