bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of an early childhood obesity prevention program in Mexico
Authors: Flores-Peña Y , He M , Sosa E T , Avila-Alpirez H , Trejo-Ortiz P M , Gutiérrez-Sánchez G 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Healthy Change Program aimed to improve the accuracy of maternal perceptions of children’s weight (MPCW), maternal feeding style (MFS) and feeding practices. Using a randomized control trial design, the intervention group received 4-weekly group sessions focusing on MPCW, MFS and healthy behaviors. The control group received the same dose of attention-control sessions on food hygiene. Data were collected at the baseline and at the end of the program via self-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Participants included 294 mother–child dyads with 149 in the intervention group and 145 in the control group. The accuracy of MPCW significantly increased at the study end point in the intervention group (57.0–67.1%, P &lt; 0.05) but not in the control group (67.6–69.7%, P &gt; 0.05), with no between-group difference in pre- and post-change (P &gt; 0.05). At the study end point, more mothers of overweight and obese children in the intervention group had accurate MPCW than their control counterparts (31.4% versus 11.1%, P &lt; 0.01). The intervention group had a shift toward an authoritative style at the study end point (17.4% versus 26.2%, P &lt; 0.001) and favorable changes in feeding practices. The Healthy Change Program contributed to improving the accuracy of MPCW and shifts toward favorable MFS and feeding practices.
Multi-Joint Analysis of Pose Viability Supports the Possibility of Salamander-Like Hindlimb Configurations in the Permian TetrapodEryops megacephalus
Authors: Herbst Eva C , Manafzadeh Armita R , Hutchinson John R 
Published: June 2022

SynopsisSalamanders are often used as analogs for early tetrapods in paleontological reconstructions of locomotion. However, concerns have been raised about whether this comparison is justifiable, necessitating comparisons of a broader range of early tetrapods with salamanders. Here, we test whether the osteological morphology of the hindlimb in the early tetrapod (temnospondyl amphibian) Eryops megacephalus could have facilitated the sequence of limb configurations used by salamanders during terrestrial locomotion. To do so, we present a new method that enables the examination of full limb configurations rather than isolated joint poses. Based on this analysis, we conclude that E. megacephalus may indeed have been capable of salamander-like hindlimb kinematics. Our method facilitates the holistic visual comparison of limb configurations between taxa without reliance on the homology of coordinate system definitions, and can thus be applied to facilitate various comparisons between extinct and extant taxa, spanning the diversity of locomotion both past and present.
Septic shock due to candida and disseminated herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV1) after elective spinal surgery in an immunocompromised patient with chronic HSV1 infection
Authors: Trivedi Aakash A , Yang James Y , Johnston Jackie , Sori Alan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Herpes simplex virus is an infection that can result in a variety of symptoms ranging from blistering or ulcers to severe, systemic manifestations. We report a case of patient who underwent elective spinal surgery and developed invasive herpes as well as candidiasis postoperatively without any direct evidence of immunosuppression.
Discovery of three new near-pristine absorption clouds at z = 2.6–4.4
Authors: Robert P Frédéric , Murphy Michael T , O’Meara John M , Crighton Neil H M , Fumagalli Michele 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of three new ‘near-pristine’ Lyman limit systems (LLSs), with metallicities ≈1/1000 solar, at redshifts 2.6, 3.8, and 4.0, with a targeted survey at the Keck Observatory. High-resolution echelle spectra of eight candidates yielded precise column densities of hydrogen and weak, but clearly detected, metal lines in seven LLSs; we previously reported the one remaining, apparently metal-free LLS, to have metallicity &lt;1/10 000 solar. Robust photoionization modelling provides metallicities [Si/H] = −3.05 to −2.94, with 0.26 dex uncertainties (95 per cent confidence) for three LLSs, and $\textrm {[Si/H]} \gtrsim -2.5$ for the remaining four. Previous simulations suggest that near-pristine LLSs could be the remnants of PopIII supernovae, so comparing their detailed metal abundances with nucleosynthetic yields from supernovae models is an important goal. Unfortunately, at most two different metals were detected in each new system, despite their neutral hydrogen column densities ($10^{19.2}\textrm {--}10^{19.4}\, \textrm {cm}^{-2}$) being two orders of magnitude larger than the two previous, serendipitously discovered near-pristine LLSs. Nevertheless, the success of this first targeted survey for near-pristine systems demonstrates the prospect that a much larger, future survey could identify clear observational signatures of PopIII stars. With a well-understood selection function, such a survey would also yield the number density of near-pristine absorbers that, via comparison to future simulations, could reveal the origin(s) of these rare systems.
How many extragalactic stellar mass binary black holes will be detected by space gravitational-wave interferometers?
Authors: Seto Naoki , Kyutoku Koutarou 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTOn the basis of GWTC-3, we discuss the detection prospect of extragalactic binary black holes (BBHs) by space gravitational-wave interferometers, mainly targeting BBHs in the range of chirp masses with abundant detections. In particular, we directly incorporate the chirp mass distribution of the 62 BBHs detected so far at high significance. We find that, due to the reduction of both the comoving merger rate and a weighted average of chirp masses, the expected detection numbers are generally much smaller than the results obtained by the same authors immediately after the report of GW150914. For LISA, the total BBH detections in the chirp mass range are estimated to be Ntot ∼ 2(T/4yr)3/2(ρthr/10)−3, dominated by nearly monochromatic BBHs (ρthr: the detection threshold, T: the observational period). TianQin will have a total detection number Ntot similar to LISA. Meanwhile, TianQin has potential to find Nmer ∼ 0.6(T/4yr)7/4(ρthr/10)−3 BBHs that merge in the observational period. This number for merging BBHs is 4–5 times larger than that of LISA because of the difference of the optimal bands. We also investigate prospects for joint operations of multiple detectors, finding that concurrent observations will be more advantageous than sequential ones.
Magnetic activities on two single-lined RS Canum Venaticorum binaries IM Pegasi and σ Geminorum
Authors: Cao Dongtao , Gu Shenghong , Grundahl F , Pallé P L 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the study on continuous high-resolution spectroscopic observations of two long-period single-lined RS Canum Venaticorum (RS CVn) binary stars IM Pegasi (IM Peg) and σ Geminorum (σ Gem), obtained with the Hertzsprung SONG telescope during the 2015–2016 season. Chromospheric activity indicators Hα, $\rm{Na\,\,{\small I}}$ D1, D2 doublet, $\rm{He\,\,{\small I}}$ D3, and Hβ lines have been analysed by using the spectral subtraction technique. The expected chromospheric emission features in the Hα, $\rm{Na\,\,{\small I}}$ D1, D2 doublet, and Hβ lines confirm that both of two stars are very active systems. In the spectra, the $\rm{He\,\,{\small I}}$ D3 line had been always detected in absorption feature. Although the behaviour of chromospheric activity indicators is very similar for both stars, the activity level of IM Peg is much stronger than that of σ Gem. Moreover, the equivalent width variations of the Hα, $\rm{He\,\,{\small I}}$ D3, and Hβ line subtractions correlate well and show different behaviour among different orbital cycles, which indicates the presence and evolution of activity longitudes over the surface of two stars. Furthermore, the subtracted Hα line profile is usually asymmetric. The red-shifted excess absorption features could be interpreted as a strong down-flow of cool absorbing material, while the blue-shifted emission component is probably caused by up-flow of hot materials through microflare events.
Comprehensive analysis of PNA-based antisense antibiotics targeting various essential genes in uropathogenicEscherichia coli
Authors: Popella Linda , Jung Jakob , Do Phuong Thao , Hayward Regan J , Barquist Lars , Vogel Jörg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAntisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) that target mRNAs of essential bacterial genes exhibit specific bactericidal effects in several microbial species, but our mechanistic understanding of PNA activity and their target gene spectrum is limited. Here, we present a systematic analysis of PNAs targeting 11 essential genes with varying expression levels in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We demonstrate that UPEC is susceptible to killing by peptide-conjugated PNAs, especially when targeting the widely-used essential gene acpP. Our evaluation yields three additional promising target mRNAs for effective growth inhibition, i.e.dnaB, ftsZ and rpsH. The analysis also shows that transcript abundance does not predict target vulnerability and that PNA-mediated growth inhibition is not universally associated with target mRNA depletion. Global transcriptomic analyses further reveal PNA sequence-dependent but also -independent responses, including the induction of envelope stress response pathways. Importantly, we show that 9mer PNAs are generally as effective in inhibiting bacterial growth as their 10mer counterparts. Overall, our systematic comparison of a range of PNAs targeting mRNAs of different essential genes in UPEC suggests important features for PNA design, reveals a general bacterial response to PNA conjugates and establishes the feasibility of using PNA antibacterials to combat UPEC.
40S hnRNP particles are a novel class of nuclear biomolecular condensates
Authors: Domanski Michal , Dedic Emil , Pérez Maria Escura , Cléry Antoine , Campagne Sébastien , Uldry Anne-Christine , Braga Sophie , Heller Manfred , Rabl Julius , Afanasyev Pavel , Boehringer Daniel , Nováček Jiří , Allain Frédéric T , Mühlemann Oliver 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are abundant proteins implicated in various steps of RNA processing that assemble on nuclear RNA into larger complexes termed 40S hnRNP particles. Despite their initial discovery 55 years ago, our understanding of these intriguing macromolecular assemblies remains limited. Here, we report the biochemical purification of native 40S hnRNP particles and the determination of their complete protein composition by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry, identifying A-group and C-group hnRNPs as the major protein constituents. Isolated 40S hnRNP particles dissociate upon RNA digestion and can be reconstituted in vitro on defined RNAs in the presence of the individual protein components, demonstrating a scaffolding role for RNA in nucleating particle formation. Finally, we revealed their nanometer scale, condensate-like nature, promoted by intrinsically disordered regions of A-group hnRNPs. Collectively, we identify nuclear 40S hnRNP particles as novel dynamic biomolecular condensates.
The dsRBP Staufen2 governs RNP assembly of neuronal Argonaute proteins
Authors: Ehses Janina , Schlegel Melina , Schröger Luise , Schieweck Rico , Derdak Sophia , Bilban Martin , Bauer Karl , Harner Max , Kiebler Michael A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mature microRNAs are bound by a member of the Argonaute (Ago1-4) protein family, forming the core of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Association of RISC with target mRNAs results in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) assembly involved in translational silencing or RNA degradation. Yet, the dynamics of RNP assembly and its underlying functional implications are unknown. Here, we have characterized the role of the RNA-binding protein Staufen2, a candidate Ago interactor, in RNP assembly. Staufen2 depletion resulted in the upregulation of Ago1/2 and the RISC effector proteins Ddx6 and Dcp1a. This upregulation was accompanied by the displacement of Ago1/2 from processing bodies, large RNPs implicated in RNA storage, and subsequent association of Ago2 with polysomes. In parallel, Staufen2 deficiency decreased global translation and increased dendritic branching. As the observed phenotypes can be rescued by Ago1/2 knockdown, we propose a working model in which both Staufen2 and Ago proteins depend on each other and contribute to neuronal homeostasis.
HSFs drive transcription of distinct genes and enhancers during oxidative stress and heat shock
Authors: Himanen Samu V , Puustinen Mikael C , Da Silva Alejandro J , Vihervaara Anniina , Sistonen Lea 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Reprogramming of transcription is critical for the survival under cellular stress. Heat shock has provided an excellent model to investigate nascent transcription in stressed cells, but the molecular mechanisms orchestrating RNA synthesis during other types of stress are unknown. We utilized PRO-seq and ChIP-seq to study how Heat Shock Factors, HSF1 and HSF2, coordinate transcription at genes and enhancers upon oxidative stress and heat shock. We show that pause-release of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a universal mechanism regulating gene transcription in stressed cells, while enhancers are activated at the level of Pol II recruitment. Moreover, besides functioning as conventional promoter-binding transcription factors, HSF1 and HSF2 bind to stress-induced enhancers to trigger Pol II pause-release from poised gene promoters. Importantly, HSFs act at distinct genes and enhancers in a stress type-specific manner. HSF1 binds to many chaperone genes upon oxidative and heat stress but activates them only in heat-shocked cells. Under oxidative stress, HSF1 localizes to a unique set of promoters and enhancers to trans-activate oxidative stress-specific genes. Taken together, we show that HSFs function as multi-stress-responsive factors that activate distinct genes and enhancers when encountering changes in temperature and redox state.
Inhibition of histone acetyltransferase GCN5 by a transcription factor FgPacC controls fungal adaption to host-derived iron stress
Authors: Gu Qin , Wang Yujie , Zhao Xiaozhen , Yuan Bingqin , Zhang Mengxuan , Tan Zheng , Zhang Xinyue , Chen Yun , Wu Huijun , Luo Yuming , Keller Nancy P , Gao Xuewen , Ma Zhonghua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Poaceae plants can locally accumulate iron to suppress pathogen infection. It remains unknown how pathogens overcome host-derived iron stress during their successful infections. Here, we report that Fusarium graminearum (Fg), a destructive fungal pathogen of cereal crops, is challenged by host-derived high-iron stress. Fg infection induces host alkalinization, and the pH-dependent transcription factor FgPacC undergoes a proteolytic cleavage into the functional isoform named FgPacC30 under alkaline host environment. Subsequently FgPacC30 binds to a GCCAR(R = A/G)G element at the promoters of the genes involved in iron uptake and inhibits their expression, leading to adaption of Fg to high-iron stress. Mechanistically, FgPacC30 binds to FgGcn5 protein, a catalytic subunit of Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex, leading to deregulation of histone acetylation at H3K18 and H2BK11, and repression of iron uptake genes. Moreover, we identified a protein kinase FgHal4, which is highly induced by extracellular high-iron stress and protects FgPacC30 against 26S proteasome-dependent degradation by promoting FgPacC30 phosphorylation at Ser2. Collectively, this study uncovers a novel inhibitory mechanism of the SAGA complex by a transcription factor that enables a fungal pathogen to adapt to dynamic microenvironments during infection.
Bi-PE: bi-directional priming improves CRISPR/Cas9 prime editing in mammalian cells
Authors: Tao Rui , Wang Yanhong , Jiao Yaoge , Hu Yun , Li Li , Jiang Lurong , Zhou Lifang , Qu Junyan , Chen Qiang , Yao Shaohua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Prime editors consisting of Cas9-nickase and reverse transcriptase enable targeted precise editing of small DNA pieces, including all 12 kinds of base substitutions, insertions and deletions, while without requiring double-strand breaks or donor templates. Current optimized prime editing strategy (PE3) uses two guide RNAs to guide the performance of prime editor. One guide RNA carrying both spacer and templating sequences (pegRNA) guides prime editor to produce ssDNA break and subsequent extension, and the other one produces a nick in the complementary strand. Here, we demonstrated that positioning the nick sgRNA nearby the templating sequences of the pegRNA facilitated targeted large fragment deletion and that engineering both guide RNAs to be pegRNAs to achieve bi-direction prime editing (Bi-PE) further increase the efficiency by up to 16 times and improved the accuracy of editing products by 60 times. In addition, we showed that Bi-PE strategy also increased the efficiency of simultaneous conversion of multiple bases but not single base conversion over PE3. In conclusion, Bi-PE strategy expanded the editing scope and improved the efficiency and the accuracy of prime editing system, which might have a wide range of potential applications.
Outcomes of kidney transplantation in patients with myeloma and amyloidosis in the USA
Authors: Ng Jia H , Izard Stephanie , Murakami Naoka , Jhaveri Kenar D , Sharma Amy , Nair Vinay 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Recent improvement in treatment and patient survival has opened the eligibility of kidney transplantation to patients who developed end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) from plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs). Data on clinical outcomes in this population are lacking.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of United Network for Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network dataset (2006–2018) to compare patient and graft outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with ESKD due to PCD versus other causes.

Results
Among 168 369 adult first kidney transplant recipients, 0.22–0.43% per year had PCD as the cause of ESKD. The PCD group had worse survival than the non-PCD group for both living and deceased donor types {adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.24 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67–2.99] and aHR 1.40 [95% CI 1.08–1.83], respectively}. The PCD group had worse survival than the diabetes group, but only among living donors [aHR 1.87 (95% CI 1.37–2.53) versus aHR 1.16 (95% CI 0.89–1.2)]. Graft survival in patients with PCD were worse than non-PCD in both living and deceased donors [aHR 1.72 (95% CI 1.91–2.56) and aHR 1.30 (95% CI 1.03–1.66)]. Patient and graft survival were worse in amyloidosis but not statistically different in multiple myeloma compared with the non-PCD group.

Conclusion
The study data are crucial when determining kidney transplant eligibility and when discussing transplant risks in patients with PCD.
Petrogenesis and Tectonics of Eocene–Oligocene Phonolites of Mecejana, Ceará, NE Brazil: the Role of the Fernando de Noronha Fracture Zone, Equatorial Atlantic
Authors: de Souza Zorano Sérgio , Vilalva Frederico Castro Jobim , Dantas Elton Luiz , Lafon Jean-Michel , Silveira Francisco Valdir , Oliveira Joyce Lorena 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Located on the western continental tip of the Fernando de Noronha transform fracture (FNTF), northeastern Brazil, the Eocene–Oligocene Mecejana Phonolitic Province (MPP) was subjected to a multi-methodological study, comprising field and microscopic characterization, mineral and whole-rock chemistry, and Sr-Nd isotopes. These rocks intrude the Precambrian crystalline basement, forming mainly plugs oriented in the NE–SW direction. They are composed of alkali basalt, phono-tephrite, tephri-phonolite, and phonolite with phenocrysts of nepheline and sanidine, and minor diopside, aegirine-augite, aegirine, kaersutite, biotite and titanite. Chemically, they are sodic (Na2O/K2O &gt; 1) and display Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) enrichment, concave upward or flat Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE) patterns, weak to strong Eu anomaly, and high contents of Nb, Ta and Zr. They delineate two chemical groups, the less-evolved one comprising basalt to tephri-phonolites and the more evolved constituted by phonolites. Oxide and trace element modeling points out to an evolution by fractional crystallization, leaving olivine-rich gabbro and foidolite/nepheline syenite cumulates, respectively. The analyzed samples have Sr-Nd isotopic ratios akin to ocean island basalt (OIB) rocks (positive εNd of +3.0 to +0.9 at 30 Ma) and low to high 87Sr/86Sri (at 30 Ma) of 0.70264–0.70955. The data suggest a three-stage evolution model for the MPP: (1) &lt;5% partial melting of a metasomatized phlogopite-amphibole-garnet peridotite generates an alkali basalt melt, (2) polybaric differentiation of this melt at crustal level (~570–220 MPa, 1040–645°C) leads firstly to phono-tephrites and tephri-phonolites and then to (3) foidolite and nepheline syenite. Petrographic, chemical, and isotopic characteristics of the MPP and similar rocks of the Fernando de Noronha islands suggest the control by the FNTF and reactivation of NE–SW trending deep-rooted Precambrian faults allowing channeling and emplacement of the alkaline magmas.
Emergent expression of fitness-conferring genes by phenotypic selection
Authors: Ciechonska Marta , Sturrock Marc , Grob Alice , Larrouy-Maumus Gerald , Shahrezaei Vahid , Isalan Mark 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Genotypic and phenotypic adaptation is the consequence of ongoing natural selection in populations and is key to predicting and preventing drug resistance. Whereas classic antibiotic persistence is all-or-nothing, here we demonstrate that an antibiotic resistance gene displays linear dose-responsive selection for increased expression in proportion to rising antibiotic concentration in growing Escherichia coli populations. Furthermore, we report the potentially wide-spread nature of this form of emergent gene expression (EGE) by instantaneous phenotypic selection process under bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotic treatment, as well as an amino acid synthesis pathway enzyme under a range of auxotrophic conditions. We propose an analogy to Ohm’s law in electricity (V = IR), where selection pressure acts similarly to voltage (V), gene expression to current (I), and resistance (R) to cellular machinery constraints and costs. Lastly, mathematical modeling using agent-based models of stochastic gene expression in growing populations and Bayesian model selection reveal that the EGE mechanism requires variability in gene expression within an isogenic population, and a cellular “memory” from positive feedbacks between growth and expression of any fitness-conferring gene. Finally, we discuss the connection of the observed phenomenon to a previously described general fluctuation–response relationship in biology.