bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monetary Sovereignty and Central Bank Digital Currencies: Competing Models for Future Cross‐Border Payment Platforms
Authors: Chu Yanyang , Rathbun Nina Srinivasan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAs central banks move to adopt digital currencies (CBDCs), two issues arise: the implications for monetary sovereignty and the potential efficiencies from cross‐border interoperability. The former is particularly a concern for emerging market central banks, while the latter affects all states. Emerging markets have used capital flow management (CFM) tools to control capital flows that may overheat and destabilize the macroeconomy. The effectiveness of CFM implementation depends on how CBDCs carry out cross‐border payments. This article discusses how CFM tools would function under different models of interoperability. While there are three broad models of cross‐border CBDC payments, the key debate centers on two alternatives: the hub‐and‐spoke model and the common‐platform model. Three ongoing projects, in which the Bank of International Settlement and central banks are participating, test these two models. This article compares the differences in these projects on a delegation to private intermediaries and notes the common platform model's demonstrated capacity for implementing jurisdiction‐specific capital flow measures. It concludes with a case analysis of the Chinese e‐CNY and capital flow tools. States should consider the interests of emerging markets in joining cross‐border platforms that allow them to interact with their trading and investment partners while avoiding destabilizing cross‐border flows.
Treatment Patterns of Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: A Descriptive Study in Colombia
Authors: Machado‐Duque Manuel , Gaviria‐Mendoza Andrés , Valladales‐Restrepo Luis Fernando , Pacheco Manuel , Franco Juan Sebastián , del Rosario Forero María , Suarez Rubiela , Peñuela Oscar , Machado‐Alba Jorge E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive rise in pulmonary artery blood pressure. The objective was to describe the treatment patterns among ambulatory patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in a real‐world setting.MethodsThis is a longitudinal cohort follow‐up study characterizing the treatment patterns of patients diagnosed with PAH or CTEPH, with secondary data from a population‐based drug‐dispensing database between 2022 and 2023, which includes sociodemographic, diagnosis, prescribing specialty, and treatment (drugs, persistence of use, and concomitant medications).ResultsIn total, 1045 patients with a diagnosis of PH were identified, with mean age of 62.9 ± 18.2 years, and 72.3% of females; of which 947 (90.6%) received monotherapy, and 98 (9.4%) received combination therapy at the beginning of follow‐up. The most frequently used drugs for the treatment of PH were calcium channel blockers (58.1%), followed by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (41.1%), endothelin receptor antagonist (32.5%), and guanylate cyclase stimulants (9.7%). The schemes used most frequently were monotherapy with amlodipine (31.0%), sildenafil (19.2%), or nifedipine (10.0%), but the main combination were sildenafil with nifedipine (2.5%). The mean of persistence of use was 161 ± 123 days during 1 year of follow‐up.ConclusionsThis group of patients with PH from Colombia were treated predominantly with monotherapy of calcium channel blockers and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. However, current clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of combined therapy. The average persistence of the use of drugs for treatment for less than 6 months may be associated with difficulties in follow‐up, adherence, effectiveness, tolerability, and access.
Association between diabetes self‐management education attendance, hospital admissions and mortality in type 2 diabetes: A cohort analysis protocol
Authors: Lewis Gemma A. , Hughes David M. , Irving Greg , Wilding John , Hardy Kevin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionType 2 diabetes is associated with excess hospital admissions and increased mortality. Structured diabetes self‐management education (DSME) is recommended internationally and is associated with improved self‐management skills, well‐being and minor improvements in glycated haemoglobin (HBA1c), but does it reduce hospital admissions or prevent premature mortality? Our aim is to examine the relationship between DSME attendance, hospitalisations, mortality and 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in people with type 2 diabetes to inform future healthcare policy and diabetes care.Methods and AnalysisThis protocol details a 10‐year retrospective open cohort study of patients aged over 18 years old who have a clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and were registered to an English GP practice from 29 March 2011 to 29 March 2021 and have attended DSME. Patients in the 'ever' cohort will be matched at baseline for age, sex, age at diagnosis and diabetes duration, to those who have 'never' attended DSME. Data will be identified via the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and linked to Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care data, Office for National Statistics death registrations and patient Index of Multiple Deprivation deciles. Patients will be followed‐up through serial cross‐sections. Multiple imputation will be considered to manage covariates where data are >12‐months from baseline or are not expected to be missing at random. Cox proportional hazard regression and time to event modelling adjusted a priori for cofounding during multivariate analysis will be used.Ethics and DisseminationThis study was approved by CPRD (24_003744). Study findings will be disseminated through peer‐reviewed publications and international conferences.
Genetic Mapping of Orofacial Traits Reveals a Single Genomic Region Associated With Differences in Multiple Parameters of Jaw Size Between Astyanax mexicanus Surface and Cavefish
Authors: Powers Amanda K. , Amaismeier Alleigh , Thiel Kathryn , Anyonge William , McGaugh Suzanne E. , Boggs Tyler E. , Tabin Clifford J. , Gross Joshua B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe regulation of bone size is a poorly understood and complex developmental process. Evolutionary models can enable insight through interrogation of the developmental and molecular underpinnings of natural variation in bone size and shape. Here, we examine the Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus), a species of teleost fish comprising of an extant river‐dwelling surface fish and obligate cave‐dwelling fish. These divergent morphs have evolved for thousands of years in drastically different habitats, which have led to diverse phenotypic differences. Among many craniofacial aberrations, cavefish harbor a wider gape, an underbite, and larger jaws compared to surface‐dwelling morphs. Morphotypes are inter‐fertile, allowing quantitative genetic analyses in F2 pedigrees derived from surface × cavefish crosses. Here, we used quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to determine the genetic basis of jaw size. Strikingly, we discovered a single genomic region associated with several jaw size metrics. Future work identifying genetic lesions that explain differences in jaw development will provide new insight to the mechanisms driving bone size differences across vertebrate taxa.
Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma: Current Advances and Emerging Perspectives
Authors: Caridà Giulio , Martino Enrica Antonia , Bruzzese Antonella , Caracciolo Daniele , Labanca Caterina , Mendicino Francesco , Lucia Eugenio , Olivito Virginia , Rossi Teresa , Neri Antonino , Vigna Ernesto , Tassone Pierfrancesco , Tagliaferri Pierosandro , Morabito Fortunato , Gentile Massimo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFollicular lymphoma (FL) is a prevalent indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by a relapsing course and eventual refractoriness to therapy. Despite advancements in treatment, FL remains incurable, necessitating ongoing research into novel therapeutic strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current standard treatments for relapsed or refractory (R/R) FL, including chemoimmunotherapy and stem cell transplantation, and delves into emerging therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy and bispecific antibodies. We discuss the efficacy and safety profiles of these innovative treatments, their integration into existing treatment paradigms, and the potential they hold in altering the natural history of FL. Additionally, we explore the challenges associated with these therapies, including accessibility, cost, and long‐term management of adverse effects. By examining the evolving therapeutic landscape, this review aims to provide insights into future directions for achieving sustained remission and improving the quality of life in patients with R/R FL.
Determinants of Professional Commitment Among Nurses in Turkey: The Role of Workplace Incivility
Authors: Konuk Tuğba Gözütok , Koçak Mine Yılmaz 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo measure workplace incivility and professional commitment among nurses, explore how these factors relate to nurses' individual and professional characteristics, and identify the key factors influencing professional commitment.DesignCross sectional, descriptive correlational design.MethodsThis study was conducted with 479 nurses working at a public university hospital in Turkey between May 2023 and June 2023. This study followed the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Guideline.ResultsIn this study, nurses reported experiencing a moderate level of workplace incivility (120.44 ± 32.09), with patients and visitors identified as the primary sources. Nurses also demonstrated moderate levels of professional commitment (72.00 ± 11.04). According to the multiple regression analysis, willingly choosing the profession, job satisfaction, and workplace incivility were found to significantly influence professional commitment. A key finding of the study was the negative impact of workplace incivility on professional commitment.ConclusionThe most notable finding of this study underscores the critical importance of preventing workplace incivility and increasing job satisfaction as key strategies for enhancing professional commitment.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareNurse managers should implement practices and procedures to reduce workplace incivility, promote a culture of civility in clinical nursing environments, and improve working conditions to enhance job satisfaction. It is anticipated that these measures will lead to an increase in nurses' professional commitment.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
The Disproportionate Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Preventive Dental Care and Treatment for Children Who Are American Indian: Public Health Surveillance Utilizing School‐Based Sealant Program Data
Authors: Jaeger Jordan , Schroeder Shawnda 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesSchool‐based dental sealant programs are important in expanding the reach of oral health care to underserved populations. However, data collection during these visits is also valuable for public health surveillance and program planning. This study aimed to utilize these data to identify groups disproportionately impacted by pandemic closures.MethodsSEAL!ND is a program in North Dakota that serves schools, where 45% or more of students are enrolled in the free and reduced‐fee school lunch program. SEAL!ND provides dental screening, application of fluoride varnish and dental sealants, and oral health surveillance. Data are collected for evaluation and to track pediatric oral health. In the spring of 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent public health emergency stalled the program and left these children without access to preventive dental services. We examined previous dental visits, untreated decay, treated decay, and early and urgent care need during the 2019–2020, 2020–2021, and 2021–2022 school years. Binomial and multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine the odds ratios of the oral health outcomes by race.ResultsThe proportion of poor outcomes had noticeably increased for American Indian students compared to White students. There was also increased odds of untreated decay, treated decay, and early and urgent care need for American Indian students compared to White students.ConclusionsThese findings aid in identifying groups of students whose oral health was disproportionately impacted by the disruption in community‐based, preventive dental care services during the pandemic for the purpose of future intervention.
Final‐year nursing students' placement experiences in a critical care setting: A qualitative study
Authors: Edmonds Mary , Abdulmohdi Naim 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundTraditionally, ward placements have been utilized for nursing students to refine their management skills before registration. Whilst intensive care units (ICUs) offer unique learning opportunities, they are underutilized for student practice, and limited research has examined ICUs as conducive environments for developing management skills.AimThis qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of nursing students during their final‐year placement in critical care.Study DesignAn inductive methodology was employed to explore the complexities of being a final‐year nursing student in critical care setting. Ten students were recruited between September 2019 and February 2020. Data were collected using individual, face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews before the Covid‐19 pandemic. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data.ResultsThree themes were identified: barriers to learning, empowering transformation and a state of readiness. All the nursing students valued a placement that provided ‘real learning’ experiences and informed their needs and growth. Coaching and constructive feedback provided crucial markers and influenced students' learning performance. As their confidence increased, students became proactive in identifying complex caring activities to test and refine their knowledge and skills. Students visualized themselves working as a registered nurse within the critical care team.ConclusionsWith appropriate support and supervision, a critical care placement for final‐year nursing students is a stimulating and transformational experience.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study highlights the importance of critical care placements for nursing students, aiding their transition to professional practice. Integrating well‐supported placements into nursing curricula enhances decision‐making abilities and readiness for future roles. Critical care nurse educators and managers should focus on developing effective support systems during these placements. By providing tailored support and preparing students for the demands of critical care, these experiences can improve job satisfaction and confidence, which are crucial for staff recruitment and retention in this challenging field.
Experimental study of cooling photovoltaic solar panel using water-wet jute fabric
Authors: Mayouf Si Abdallah , Bouafia Sihem , Houyem Siabdallah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One of the most significant problems solar panels face is rising temperature in their solar cells, which can lead to a decrease in electrical production. To solve this issue, we conducted a comparison study to establish the effectiveness of using porous jute fabric that was constantly wet with water to cool the back of a photovoltaic solar panel. This fabric is well-known for its high absorbency and porous structure, which allow for effective heat exchange between the PV module and its surroundings. The experiment aims to compare the electrical performance between two solar PV: one its back side covered with jute fabric that is constantly wet with water as a cooling mechanism, and the other a standard PV. When solar radiation reaches its peak of 900 W/m2 at 12:00, the findings demonstrate that this cooling method reduces the temperature of the PV panel by 23°C, where the standard PV temperature was 64°C and the temperature of the PV (with cooling) was 41°C at the same time. This decrease in temperature leads to a 2V increase in the voltage produced by solar photovoltaic, resulting in a 1.3% improvement in electrical efficiency.
A NUMERICAL PROCEDURE FOR DERIVING P-Y CURVES FOR MONOPILES INSTALLED IN SAND
Authors: Kronemberger Lopes Guilherme , de Sousa José Renato M. , de Almeida Maria C. F. , de Almeida Marcio de S. S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The design of monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines (OWTs) is usually performed using simplified (1D) models based on the p-y method. When deriving p-y curves, the main issues arise from the soil reaction profiles (p), commonly obtained by double differentiating the bending moment profiles. Several authors have proposed modified p-y curves for OWT applications derived from experimental analysis conducted using small-scale in-situ models, centrifuge models, or numerical analysis using three-dimensional finite element (3D FE) models. This paper presents a 3D FE model simulating a monopile installed in sand, which was used to derive monotonic p-y curves. Typical curve fitting methods adopted in the literature for adjusting the bending moment data were investigated, such as the High-Order Global Polynomial, the Piecewise Polynomial, the Smoothing Cubic Spline, and the Single-Term Fourier Series methods. Moreover, a parametric study was conducted to quantify possible deviations in generating the p-y curves. The number of points used to create each p-y curve and the number of nonlinear soil springs adopted in the 1D model varied. Finally, a guideline for deriving p-y curves from 3D FE models is provided.
Estrogen prevented gingival barrier injury from
Porphyromonas gingivalis
lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Huang Fangting , Su Zhifei , Zhou Fangjie , Wu Yajie , Li Jiyao , Ren Biao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The postmenopausal population usually suffers from more severe periodontal disease than non-menopausal women due to the decrease and low levels of estrogen, especially β-estradiol (E2). While additional estrogen therapy can effectively relieve alveolar bone resorption, this suggests that estrogen has played an important role in the development of periodontitis. The integrity of the gingival epithelial barrier plays a key role in protecting gingival tissue from inflammatory injury caused by pathogens. However, it remains unclear whether estrogen can maintain the integrity of the gingival epithelial barrier to reduce inflammatory injury. Here, using an infection model established with
Porphyromonas gingivalis
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human gingival epithelial cells (hGECs) and ovariectomized or Sham mice, we assessed the protective effect of estrogen on the gingival barrier using qPCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptome analysis. The results showed that estrogen restored epithelial barrier function to inhibit
P. gingivalis
-LPS invasion and further downregulate the inflammatory reaction (
P
< 0.05) by upregulating expressions of tight junction proteins (such as JAM1 and OCLN) at mRNA and protein levels in both hGECs and ovariectomized or Sham mice (
P
< 0.05). Estrogen also protected against alveolar bone resorption and preserved barrier integrity in both ovariectomized and Sham mice (
P
< 0.05). In conclusion, E2 prevented the progression of gingival epithelial barrier damage and inflammation induced by
P. gingivalis
-LPS by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins. The protective effect of estrogen on gingival epithelial barrier injury highlighted its potential application in treating periodontitis and inflammatory diseases involving epithelial barrier dysfunction.
Zika virus inhibits cell death by inhibiting the expression of NLRP3 and A20
Authors: Li Jian , Zhu Changyang , Meng Yang , Zhang Linliang , Liu Cong , Qin Yali , Chen Mingzhou 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with microcephaly in neonates and neurological disorders in adults. Chronic ZIKV infection has been identified in the testes, indicating that the virus can lead to prolonged illness, yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we found that ZIKV infection does not induce significant cell death in mouse macrophages despite the critical role that cell death plays in the antiviral immune response. Furthermore, we discovered that ZIKV infection impairs the activation of the NLPR3-dependent inflammasome and inhibits apoptosis. Consequently, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis in the context of ZIKV infection. Our results revealed significant reductions in the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and A20, attributable to post-transcriptional or translational effects during ZIKV infection. These findings suggest that ZIKV infection may disrupt cell death pathways, leading to its pathogenicity.

IMPORTANCE
Zika virus (ZIKV), first isolated from a nonhuman primate in Africa in 1947, was relatively understudied until 2016. By then, ZIKV had already been reported in more than 20 countries and territories. The infection poses a significant risk, as it is associated with microcephaly in infants and neurological disorders in adults; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these severe outcomes remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that ZIKV infection significantly reduces the expression of NLRP3 and A20 proteins through post-transcriptional or translational processes, which leads to inhibited cell death. These findings are critical because cell death plays a vital role in the host's antiviral immune response. Our findings highlight how ZIKV infection compromises essential cell death pathways, raising serious concerns about its pathogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of this disruption is vital for developing targeted interventions to mitigate the virus' impact on public health.