bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human engagement providing evaluative and informative advice for interactive reinforcement learning
Authors: Bignold Adam , Cruz Francisco , Dazeley Richard , Vamplew Peter , Foale Cameron 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInteractive reinforcement learning proposes the use of externally sourced information in order to speed up the learning process. When interacting with a learner agent, humans may provide either evaluative or informative advice. Prior research has focused on the effect of human-sourced advice by including real-time feedback on the interactive reinforcement learning process, specifically aiming to improve the learning speed of the agent, while minimising the time demands on the human. This work focuses on answering which of two approaches, evaluative or informative, is the preferred instructional approach for humans. Moreover, this work presents an experimental setup for a human trial designed to compare the methods people use to deliver advice in terms of human engagement. The results obtained show that users giving informative advice to the learner agents provide more accurate advice, are willing to assist the learner agent for a longer time, and provide more advice per episode. Additionally, self-evaluation from participants using the informative approach has indicated that the agent’s ability to follow the advice is higher, and therefore, they feel their own advice to be of higher accuracy when compared to people providing evaluative advice.
Validation of somatic cell score-associated SNPs from Holstein cattle in Sudanese Butana and Butana × Holstein crossbred cattle
Authors: Elzaki Salma , Korkuc Paula , Arends Danny , Reissmann Monika , Rahmatalla Siham A. , Brockmann Gudrun A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Bos indicus zebu cattle Butana is the most commonly used indigenous dairy cattle breed in Sudan. In the last years, high-yielding Holstein dairy cattle were introgressed into Butana cattle to improve their milk yield and simultaneously keep their good adaption to extreme environmental conditions. With the focus on the improvement of milk production, other problems arose such as an increased susceptibility to mastitis. Thus, genetic selection for mastitis resistance should be considered to maintain healthy and productive cows. In this study, we tested 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which had been associated with somatic cell score (SCS) in Holstein cattle for association with SCS in 37 purebred Butana and 203 Butana × Holstein crossbred cattle from Sudan. Animals were genotyped by competitive allele-specific PCR assays and association analysis was performed using a linear mixed model. All 10 SNPs were segregating in the crossbred Butana × Holstein populations, but only 8 SNPs in Sudanese purebred Butana cattle. The SNP on chromosome 13 was suggestively associated with SCS in the Butana × Holstein crossbred population (rs109441194, 13:79,365,467, PBF = 0.054) and the SNP on chromosome 19 was significantly associated with SCS in both populations (rs41257403, 19:50,027,458, Butana: PBF = 0.003, Butana × Holstein: PBF = 6.2 × 10−16). The minor allele of both SNPs showed an increase in SCS. Therefore, selection against the disadvantageous minor allele could be used for genetic improvement of mastitis resistance in the studied populations. However, investigations in a bigger population and across the whole genome are needed to identify additional genomic loci.
Efficacy of Yigu® versus Aclasta® in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a multicenter prospective study
Authors: Li Mei , Cheng Qun , Huo Ya-nan , Chao Ai-jun , He Liang , Xue Qing-yun , Xu Jin , Yan Shi-gui , Jin Hui , Zhang Zhen-lin , Lin Jian-hua , Jin Xiao-lan , Xu You-jia , Liu Feng , Xia Wei-bo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Summary

Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a therapy inhibiting bone resorption. In this study, generic ZOL (Yigu®) showed its clinical efficacy consistency with original ZOL (Aclasta®) in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. This study provides a practical basis for the application of Yigu® in Chinese population.

Introduction
Yigu® has been approved its bioequivalence to Aclasta®. However, the clinical efficacy and safety of Yigu® have not been evaluated yet. Here, we compared the effectiveness and safety between Yigu® and Aclasta® in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and assessed the efficacy of intravenous infusion of ZOL.

Methods
This was a randomized open-label, active-controlled study in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis of 14 clinical centers in China. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were recruited and randomized to receive a single infusion of 5 mg Yigu® or Aclasta®. The primary endpoint was the percentage change in bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine after 12 months of treatment and was assessed for equivalence. The secondary endpoint was the percentage change in BMD at proximal femur after 12 months. Additional secondary endpoints were percentage changes in BMD at the above sites after 6 months of treatment and changes in bone turnover biomarkers during ZOL treatment. Safety was also evaluated and compared between two groups.

Results
A total of 458 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were enrolled (n = 227, Yigu®; n = 231, Aclasta®). The mean percentage change in the BMD had no statistical difference at the lumbar spine (5.32% vs 5.18%), total hip (2.72% vs 2.83%), and femoral neck (2.37% vs 2.81%) between Yigu® and Aclasta® groups after 12 months of treatment. The mean difference of BMD change at the lumbar spine after 12 months between two groups was 0.15% (95% CI: − 0.71 to 1.00, equivalence margin: − 1.5%, 1.5%), demonstrating the treatments were equivalent. Meanwhile, the decreases in the P1NP and β-CTX showed no difference between two groups after 14 days and 6 and 12 months of treatment. As regards the whole sample, BMD significantly increased after 12 months of treatment. Also, serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX) and procollagen 1 N-terminal peptide (P1NP) significantly decreased at each visit period. The overall adverse events were comparable and quite well between two groups.

Conclusion
Intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid achieved the potent anti-resorptive effects which led to significant increase in BMD of Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Yigu® was equivalent to Aclasta® with respect to efficacy and safety.
Is Adherence to Follow-Up After Bariatric Surgery Necessary? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Reiber Beata M. M. , Barendregt Rosalie , de Vries Ralph , Bruin Sjoerd C. , van der Peet Donald L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe association of adherence to follow-up (FU) after laparoscopic gastric bypass — and gastric sleeve with weight loss (WL) is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate this association. Fourteen full text articles were included in the systematic review. Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis concerning FU up to 3 years postoperatively and 3 for the FU between 3 and 10 years postoperatively. Results showed a significant association between adherence to FU 0.5 to 3 years postoperatively and percentage excess WL (%EWL) but did not demonstrate a significant association between FU > 3 years postoperatively and total WL (%TWL). In conclusion, adherence to FU may not be associated with WL and therefore stringent lifelong FU in its current form should be evaluated.
Trans*-Jugendliche als Zielgruppe der Schulsozialarbeit
Authors: Kohl Wiebke , Mantey Dominik 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag thematisiert die Situation von Trans*-Jugendlichen in der Schule. Ergebnisse einer empirischen Forschungsarbeit von Wiebke Kohl im Rahmen ihrer Bachelorthesis werden zusammengefasst und Handlungsempfehlungen entwickelt. Schulsozialarbeit hat demnach hier einen Handlungsauftrag und kann für Betroffene wichtige Unterstützung in Form von Information oder Beratung bereitstellen. Das gesamte System Schule bedarf darüber hinaus der Veränderung, um Diskriminierungen bzw. Gewalt zu verhindern und das Thema Trans* nicht länger zu tabuisieren.
Morse Index Bound for Minimal Two Spheres
Authors: Sun Yuchin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGiven a closed manifold of dimension at least three, with non-trivial homotopy group $$\pi _3(M)$$

π
3

(
M
)

and a generic metric, we prove that there is a finite collection of harmonic spheres with Morse index bounded by one, with sum of their energies realizing a geometric invariant width.
Stitching Data: Recovering a Manifold’s Geometry from Geodesic Intersections
Authors: Meyerson Reed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLet (M, g) be a Riemannian manifold with boundary. We show that knowledge of the length of each geodesic, and where pairwise intersections occur along the corresponding geodesics allows for recovery of the geometry of (M, g) (assuming (M, g) admits a Riemannian collar of a uniform radius). We call this knowledge the ‘stitching data’. We then pose a boundary measurement problem called the ‘delayed collision data problem’ and apply our result about the stitching data to recover the geometry from the collision data (with some reasonable geometric restrictions on the manifold).
A Conterminous USA-Scale Map of Relative Tidal Marsh Elevation
Authors: Holmquist James R. , Windham-Myers Lisamarie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTidal wetlands provide myriad ecosystem services across local to global scales. With their uncertain vulnerability or resilience to rising sea levels, there is a need for mapping flooding drivers and vulnerability proxies for these ecosystems at a national scale. However, tidal wetlands in the conterminous USA are diverse with differing elevation gradients, and tidal amplitudes, making broad geographic comparisons difficult. To address this, a national-scale map of relative tidal elevation (Z*MHW), a physical metric that normalizes elevation to tidal amplitude at mean high water (MHW), was constructed for the first time at 30 × 30-m resolution spanning the conterminous USA. Contrary to two study hypotheses, watershed-level median Z*MHW and its variability generally increased from north to south as a function of tidal amplitude and relative sea-level rise. These trends were also observed in a reanalysis of ground elevation data from the Pacific Coast by Janousek et al. (Estuaries and Coasts 42 (1): 85–98, 2019). Supporting a third hypothesis, propagated uncertainty in Z*MHW increased from north to south as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) errors had an outsized effect under narrowing tidal amplitudes. The drivers of Z*MHW and its variability are difficult to determine because several potential causal variables are correlated with latitude, but future studies could investigate highest astronomical tide and diurnal high tide inequality as drivers of median Z*MHW and Z*MHW variability, respectively. Watersheds of the Gulf Coast often had propagated Z*MHW uncertainty greater than the tidal amplitude itself emphasizing the diminished practicality of applying Z*MHW as a flooding proxy to microtidal wetlands. Future studies could focus on validating and improving these physical map products and using them for synoptic modeling of tidal wetland carbon dynamics and sea-level rise vulnerability analyses.
Novel transparent MgGa2O4 and Ni2+-doped MgGa2O4 ceramics
Authors: Zhang Guangran , Goldstein Adrian , Wu Yiquan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study we fabricated, for the first time, magnesium gallate (MgGa2O4, a partially inverted spinel) transparent ceramics, both undoped and doped with 1 at% Ni. The specimens were derived from in-house prepared powder, with a crystallite size of ∼10 nm (by wet chemistry) and densified by pulsed electric current sintering (PECS; peak temperature 950 °C for 90 min). Densification levels of 99.84% and 99.52% of theoretical density were attained for doped and undoped materials, respectively. Doping with Ni was seen to marginally improve the densification level. Quite transparent specimens were produced: the best showing transmission of ∼89% of the theoretical level (thickness t = 0.85 mm). The absorption spectra revealed that the dopant was accumulated as Ni2+ in the octahedral sites of the lattice, as occurs in single-crystal specimens. After excitation at 980 nm, the doped disks exhibited a wide fluorescence band centered at 1264 nm.
Misurazione della spesa energetica mediante la camera metabolica nello studio dei fenotipi dell’obesità
Authors: Basolo Alessio , Fierabracci Paola , Santini Ferruccio 
Published: January 2022

SommarioLa capacità di modulare l’introito calorico in risposta ai cambiamenti della richiesta energetica è essenziale per la sopravvivenza dell’individuo. L’apparente spontaneità con cui decidiamo di alimentarci dipende da una complessa interazione tra percezioni visive olfattive e cognitive e il sistema nervoso centrale che integra a livello ipotalamico i segnali periferici relativi allo stato nutrizionale. La conservazione dell’equilibrio energetico può essere considerata un processo dinamico e, sotto controllo fisiologico ideale, le variazioni di un componente (spesa energetica) provocano cambiamenti compensatori biologici e/o comportamentali nell’altra parte del sistema (introito calorico) e viceversa. Nella vita di tutti i giorni un abbinamento così perfetto tra apporto energetico e dispendio energetico è difficilmente raggiungibile e il tessuto adiposo funge da deposito dinamico, proteggendo dalle inevitabili deviazioni dell’equazione di equilibrio. Recenti studi hanno dimostrato che la risposta adattativa della spesa energetica a differenti interventi dietetici (alimentazione eccessiva o restrizione calorica) identifica la presenza di due differenti fenotipi metabolici (“dissipatore” e “risparmiatore”). In questa rassegna verranno discussi i principi fondamentali dell’equazione del bilancio energetico e il loro metodo di misurazione mediante camera metabolica. Verranno inoltre descritti i due diversi fenotipi metabolici che possono indicare la propensione di un individuo a essere più o meno incline allo sviluppo dell’obesità.
Kinderperspektiven auf institutionalisierte Elterngespräche in Kindertageseinrichtungen
Authors: Menzel Britta 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland ist der institutionalisierte Austausch zwischen Eltern und Fachkräften in der pädagogischen Praxis als ‚Elterngespräch‘ mittlerweile fest verankert. Während in Elterngesprächen über Kinder gesprochen wird, ist bislang nicht bekannt, welche Perspektiven Kinder auf diese haben. Im vorliegenden Beitrag bilden Aussagen von Kindern zu Elterngesprächen den Analysegegenstand. Grundlage hierfür sind qualitative (Gruppen‑)Interviews (n = 32) mit Kindern zwischen 3–6 Jahren, die 2017–2018 in einer Kindertageseinrichtung geführt wurden. Die Ergebnisse legen offen, was Kinder über Elterngespräche wissen und wie sie das Sprechen der erwachsenen Beteiligten über sie einschätzen. Auch zeigt sich, dass die Kinder unterschiedlich ausgeprägte Wünsche über Informiertheit und Involviertheit zu Elterngesprächen haben. Insgesamt lässt sich konstatieren, dass die Kinder ihre Perspektiven auf Elterngespräche in den Kontext generationaler Ordnung stellen.
A Suitable Paradigm: the Indian Founding and the world
Authors: Fowkes James 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhat is the relevance of the Indian case for South Africa? And what should South Africans, and the rest of the world, make of the claim in Madhav Khosla’s India’s Founding Moment that we should recognize India as ‘the’ paradigm case for modern constitutional democracy? The constitutional projects of India and South Africa are naturally connected, but Khosla’s book helps to bring out what is perhaps the most important of the connections. Both are founded on an insistently democratic constitutionalism, in places where most inhabitants had long been told they were not suited or ready for democracy. Both display the conviction that boldly giving the vote to all, in these circumstances, is a powerful way to construct a democracy. This idea is crucial for understanding many aspects of both constitutions. This makes India a natural paradigm case for South Africa and many others. The stronger claim, that it is ‘the’ paradigm case and should succeed the United States to this status, can become more complicated once one tests it out globally (like the US claim). Finland and Ireland are especially strong and earlier examples of what Khosla sees as ground-breaking in India. Latin America’s somewhat different post-colonial trajectory makes India a more imperfect paradigm there. But that said, treating India and its founding as paradigmatic may well be the single best step to take for a more balanced view of the constitutional world, and this book’s elegant erudition makes it a real scholarly pleasure to do so.
Les récits de la migration dans la Hongrie médiévale
Authors: Berend Nora 
Published: January 2022

Les récits de la migration dans la Hongrie médiévaleSi la Hongrie médiévale a été qualifiée de « terre d’accueil » en raison de la multiplicité des peuples immigrés qui y vivaient, les expériences réelles des immigrants et les constructions narratives autour de l’immigration n’ont cependant pas toujours été en phase. Cet article explore les récits médiévaux de différents types de migration vers le royaume de Hongrie : tout d’abord, la migration mythique de l’ensemble du peuple (gens) d’une supposée patrie d’origine vers un nouveau territoire ; ensuite, les histoires des immigrants nobles ; enfin, les représentations de l’immigration de masse dans le royaume chrétien. Afin de comprendre comment les auteurs médiévaux ont élaboré ces récits, il est nécessaire d’identifier les modèles dont ils se sont servis et l’objectif qu’ils poursuivaient en les écrivant. Ainsi, les sources bibliques et littéraires ont inspiré l’invention de l’histoire des « Hongrois » tandis que l’élévation du prestige des familles nobles a motivé la quête des ancêtres ayant immigré à l’époque de la formation du royaume. Il est impossible d’utiliser les récits médiévaux comme des sources historiques sans s’engager pleinement dans l’étude de leur genèse. Les réflexions médiévales explicites sur l’immigration de divers groupes dans le royaume de Hongrie révèlent également pourquoi celle-ci pouvait être perçue de manière tantôt positive, tantôt négative. Reposant sur ces fondements médiévaux, les récits de la migration ont persisté jusqu’à nos jours, mais une distinction plus nette s’est aussi installée entre les migrations anciennes, valorisées, et les migrations plus récentes, diabolisées et instrumentalisées de manière aussi brutale qu’excluante.
Les impensées de la migration: Mobilités féminines en Méditerranée (note critique)
Authors: Diaz Delphine 
Published: January 2022

Mobilités féminines en Méditerranée (note critique)Dans Les damnées de la mer, Camille Schmoll explore la géographie des migrations en Méditerranée en centrant son regard sur les mobilités de femmes parties d’Afrique de l’Ouest pour rejoindre les rives de l’Europe méridionale. Une telle géographie incarnée des traversées de la Méditerranée, qui associe à cette « histoire d’eau » (Nancy L. Green) une interrogation sur les étapes africaines d’itinéraires au long cours, rencontre l’histoire du temps présent. En retraçant les évolutions des politiques migratoires sud-européennes au cours des deux dernières décennies, l’autrice explique les origines et les modalités de ces mobilités sous contrainte. C’est grâce à une enquête menée dans les espaces de la contention et de l’attente, grâce au recueil d’un riche matériau de témoignages oraux et de bribes d’enregistrements audio et vidéo réalisés par les migrantes elles-mêmes que l’autrice parvient à restituer l’expérience de la traversée de la Méditerranée au féminin. Ce faisant, elle inscrit ses pas dans le sillage d’une historiographie des femmes et du genre de plus en plus attentive, depuis maintenant près de quatre décennies, à la question des mobilités et des circulations, et explore les espaces interstitiels de l’intimité en migration.
On the use of heated needle probes for measuring snow thermal conductivity
Authors: Fourteau Kévin , Hagenmuller Pascal , Roulle Jacques , Domine Florent 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeated needle probes provide the most convenient method to measure snow thermal conductivity. Recent studies have suggested that this method underestimates snow thermal conductivity; however the reasons for this discrepancy have not been elucidated. We show that it originates from the fact that, while the theory behind the method assumes that the measurements reach a logarithmic regime, this regime is not reached within the standard measurement procedure. Using the needle probe without this logarithmic regime leads to thermal conductivity underestimations of tens of percents. Moreover, we show that the poor thermal contact between the probe and the snow due to insertion damages results in a further underestimation. Thus, we encourage the use of fixed needle probes, set up before the snow season and buried under snowfalls, rather than hand-inserted probes. Finally, we propose a method to correct the measurements performed with such fixed needle probes buried in snow. This correction is based on a lookup table, derived specifically for the Hukseflux TP02 needle probe model, frequently used in snow studies. Comparison between corrected measurements and independent estimations of snow thermal conductivity obtained with numerical simulations shows an overall improvement of the needle probe values after application of the correction.
Solving Paradox by Increasing Technological Capacity: A Critique of the Concept of Business Model Innovation at TikTok
Authors: Li Xin 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper comments on Yulun Ma and Yue Hu's (2021) recent article ‘Business Model Innovation and Experimentation in Transforming Economies: ByteDance and TikTok’. It argues that TikTok's international success is not due to so-called business model innovation; instead, it is because ByteDance has overcome three major hurdles facing emerging market firms pursuing internationalization. It also posits that the case of TikTok offers inspiration for theorizing paradox, namely, individuals and organizations can solve paradoxical tensions by increasing capacity through the use of advanced technologies.
On Accuracy and Coherence with Infinite Opinion Sets
Authors: Kelley Mikayla 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is a well-known equivalence between avoiding accuracy dominance and having probabilistically coherent credences (see, e.g., de Finetti 1974; Joyce 2009; Predd et al. 2009; Pettigrew 2016). However, this equivalence has been established only when the set of propositions on which credence functions are defined is finite. In this article, I establish connections between accuracy dominance and coherence when credence functions are defined on an infinite set of propositions. In particular, I establish the necessary results to extend the classic accuracy argument for probabilism to certain classes of infinite sets of propositions, including countably infinite partitions.