bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
395 Young Scholar Award Talk: Melatonin: A Promising Therapeutic for Compromised Pregnancies
Authors: Contreras-Correa Zully E , Messman Riley D , Sanchez-Rodriguez Hector , Burnett Derris D , Lemley Caleb O 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Poorly functioning placenta restricts oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus resulting in fetal nutrient deficiency and intrauterine growth restriction. Intrauterine growth restriction dramatically increases neonatal mortality and those who survive are more prone to experience metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in later life. Therefore, the placenta plays a critical role in the developmental origins of health and diseases. Currently, there is a vast effort evaluating the effects of compromised pregnancies such as maternal undernutrition, overnutrition, and heat stress on fetal development; however fewer studies have evaluated potential therapeutics to enhance placental efficiency and offspring performance. Melatonin, a hormone that modulates circadian rhythms, has shown to increase umbilical and uterine blood flow in pregnant dams. Moreover, a recent study observed that melatonin therapeutic effects during compromised pregnancies are seasonally dependent. Dietary melatonin supplementation to pregnant beef cattle increased uterine blood flow, rescued fetal weights, increased angiogenic factors in the placenta, and reduced vaginal temperatures in the summer, but not in the fall. The same study found that maternal nutrient restriction was more detrimental during the fall reducing uterine blood flow. Additionally, it was observed that dams that are nutrient restricted during the summer exerted a compensatory mechanism at the placentome level where they exhibited greater placentome vascularity and increased placental capillary size and angiogenic factors. Lastly, bovine placental circadian rhythms have been identified and interestingly, temporal increases in placental vascularity occur concomitantly with greater melatonin receptor 1A transcript abundance. In conclusion, these findings provide a better understanding of placental insufficiency and impaired fetal growth during maternal nutrient restriction, while temporal alterations in the placenta could lead to the development of proper guidelines for administration of placental blood flow therapeutics such as melatonin. Future studies should evaluate melatonin impacts on offspring organ development and potential for mitigating heat stress in livestock.
PSXIII-8 Grazing Behavior of Cows Grazing Natural Grassland Under Silvopastoral Systems or Full sun
Authors: Goncherenko Guillermo , Claramunt Martin , Cruz Rodrigo Santa , Fedrigo Jean , Báez Francisco , Pancini Stefania , Mercadante Vitor R G , Viñoles Carolina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the grazing behavior of mature beef cows grazing natural grassland in silvopastoral systems (SPS) in comparison with pasture systems in full sun (FS) during the austral summer in South America. A total of fifty-five Braford crossbred multiparous suckled cows (352 ± 43 kg) were randomly assigned to two treatments, with two replicates, in a complete randomized design: SPS (n=28) and FS (n=27). Global positioning system (GPS) devices were placed in six randomly selected cows per treatment (three per replicate) to track geolocation every five minutes during five consecutive days. Data were analyzed using the Java program GRAZEACT to determine total distance traveled (km), area explored (ha), and animal activities (h/d). Type of animal activity was defined by GRAZEACT based on movement velocity, being categorized as: resting (velocities&lt; 3 m/min), grazing (3&lt; velocities&lt; 25 m/min), and traveling (velocities &gt;25 m/min). Each of these variables were automatically calculated for four time periods: Night Pre-Dawn hours (00:00-06:00 h), Daytime hours (06:00-20:00 h), Night Post-Sunset hours (20:00-24:00 h), and 24 h. There was a treatment effect for distance traveled, explored area, grazing and resting in the 24 h period (P ≤ 0.0154). Specifically, cows grazing SPS had a greater distance traveled (P = 0.044) and area explored (P &lt; 0.0001) during the daytime hours compared to cows grazing FS. In accordance to this, for the same period, SPS cows had lesser resting time (P &lt; 0.0001) and spent an extra 1.5 h grazing (P &lt; 0.0001) compared with their FS counterparts. In conclusion, SPS changed spatial and temporal grazing behavior. The provision of shade by SPS allowed a greater grazing activity through the daytime hours, period associated with greater temperatures during summer, most-likely by improving thermal comfort of animals.
PSXIII-6 Effects of Melatonin on Physiologic Responses and Behavior in Dairy Steers Following LPS-Induced Inflammation
Authors: Owen Megan P , Lemley Caleb O , Yankey Kalisha , Bily Codi , Eborn Douglas , Mumm Jared , Hart Caitlin , McCarty Keelee J , Epperson William 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mitigation of stress is critical in the livestock industry, especially in feedlot cattle where stress yields lesser productivity due to behavioral and physiological changes. In this experiment, dairy steers were allocated to one of two treatment groups that either received a single intravenous bolus of saline, control (CON; n = 4) or saline with melatonin (MEL; n = 4) at a rate of 100 µg/kg of body weight, 30 min (-0.5 h) prior to each lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. For each LPS challenge, all steers were administered LPS from E. coli O111:B4 at 0.5 µg/kg of body weight intravenously 30 min following treatment, labeled as 0 h. Blood samples were collected at -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h relative to each LPS challenge for serum cortisol analysis. Steers underwent a two-week washout period following the first LPS challenge, switched treatments, and underwent a second LPS challenge with their new treatment. Data were analyzed using a mixed model ANOVA in SAS 9.4. Main effects included treatment and hour on sickness score (SS; numerical scoring system based on outward signs of illness), rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), and cortisol concentrations (CORT), with period as a random effect. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 and tendencies at 0.06 ≤ P ≤ 0.10. Cattle that received MEL tended to exhibit a lesser SS (P = 0.06) compared with CON cattle (1.94 vs. 2.13 ± 0.087, respectively). Treatment did not influence RT, RR, or CORT. The time effect followed the trend that -0.5 h, 0 h, and 24 h post-LPS challenge were similar, while elevated levels were observed for hours 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6. No interactions were encountered, indicating further research is needed to determine the best dosage of melatonin in calves to decrease response to stress.
PSXIII-1 Does Providing Bedding Change the Latency and Duration of Cattle Lying Behavior During Long-Distance Transport Rest Stops?
Authors: Guzman Paula Olivares , Marti Sonia , Pearl David L , Schwartzkopf-Genswein Karen S , Melendez Daniela , Haley Derek B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We explored whether straw bedding at rest stations might affect latency and duration of lying down beyond the 8h rest required at rest stops during long distance transport. Animals arriving to commercially operated rest stops (n=75, 6/load, opportunistically selected) were rested in pens (15.5 × 9.5 m) that were either bedded (n=38, straw, 14 cm deep) or non-bedded (n=37). The lying activity of each animal was recorded every 10 min for 8 h. The independent variables recorded included: bedding treatment, mean animal weight/load (kg), and space allowance [k-value = (m2/animal) / (BW2/3)] in the trailer. Ordinary linear and mixed linear regression models were fitted to assess lying latency and duration, respectively. Bedding affected latency to lie down, but its effect depended on space allowance in the truck: among cattle transported with low space allowance (2.08 - 3.29 m2/ 300 kg animal), bedded cattle laid down sooner than non-bedded cattle (P&lt; 0.001). Comparing only cattle in bedded pens, cattle laid down sooner when transported with low space allowance (2.08 - 3.29 m2/ 300 kg animal) compared with medium space allowance (&gt;3.29 – 3.69 m2/ 300 kg animal; P=0.003). Bedding also affected lying duration, but the effect depended on mean animal weight; as mean animal weight of the load increased so did duration but the effect was greater among bedded animals (P=0.027). In summary, cattle transported at high stocking densities are most likely to benefit from bedding as are heavier animals.
PSXII-7 Evaluation of Winter Hair Coat Shedding on cow and Calf Performance in Crossbred Angus Cattle in Arkansas
Authors: Midkiff Kirsten A , Kegley Beth B , Krumpelman B W , Kutz Bryan R , Powell J G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of winter hair coat shedding for crossbred Angus dams (n = 544) on calf birth weights, calf weaning weights (WW), calf adjusted 205-day weaning weights (d205wt), artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy rates, overall pregnancy rates, cow pre-breeding body weights (PBW), cow pre-breeding body condition scores (PBCS) over a two-year collection period. Hair shedding data were collected on fall-calving crossbred cows from March to July using a visual hair shedding score of 1 to 5 was assigned to each cow, with 1 exhibiting 100% shedding of winter coat to 5 exhibiting 0% shedding of winter coat. Month of first shedding (MFS) was determined once a female reached a hair shedding score of ≤ 3 for any given month. Artificial insemination pregnancy and overall pregnancy was determined by rectal ultrasound. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS for calf performance, cow BW, and cow BCS, and the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS for AI pregnancy and overall pregnancy analyses. Statistical significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05 and tendencies declared at 0.05 &lt; P ≤ 0.1. There was no effect of MFS on calf birth weights (P = 0.79), WW (P = 0.12), d205wt (P = 0.28), AI pregnancy (P = 0.76), overall pregnancy (P = 0.80), PBW (P = 0.11), and BCS (P = 0.69). The findings reported in this study indicate that MFS had no effect on cowherd performance during this two-year study in Arkansas; however, there is a need for continuing research to be performed to evaluate the effects of winter hair coat shedding in other environments.
PSXV-6 Influence of GDF5 Gene Polymorphism on the Concentration of Essential and Toxic Elements in Blood Serum and Milk Productivity of the Holstein Cows
Authors: Zubac Isidora , Sycheva Irina , Komarchev Alexey , Nikitin Petr , Orishev Aleksandr , Vasilyeva Irina , Krasavina Vera 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GDF5 (growth differentiation factor 5) gene polymorphism on metabolism of chemical elements and milk production of cows. The studies were performed on Holstein cows (n=100). To determine the single nucleotide polymorphism of GDF5 (T586C in exon 1), blood samples were taken. DNA samples were isolated from whole blood using the IsoGeneLab reagent kit. The thermal cycler "MyCycler" was used for DNA amplification. The elemental composition of blood serum was estimated according to 13 chemical elements (Al, As, Pb, Sn, Sr, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Se, Zn) by ICP AES and ICP MS. The frequency of occurrence of polymorphic groups in the GDF5 gene was established, which was for homozygous alleles: TT (n=41), CC (n=10), heterozygous (TS)–(n=49). The analysis of the data obtained showed that blood serum of cows with the CC genotype, relative to animals with the TT and TC genotypes had a greater concentration of I - by 19.3 (P£0.001) and 10.4% (P£0.01), Se - by 18.3 (Р£0.001) and 11.7% (Р£0.01), Zn – by 15.8 (Р£0.01) and 13.2% (Р£0.01), while relatively low concentrations of Al were registered - by 10.8 (Р£0.001) and 21.2% (Р£0.01), Pb - by 16.4 (Р£0.01) and 23.7% (Р£0.001) respectively. In terms of milk fat yield (kg/day), animals with CC genotype advanced over animals with the TT and TC genotypes by 4.8 (P£0.05) and 5.2% (P£0.01), protein by 1.2 and 1.4% (Р£0.05), milk yield - by 4.8 (Р£0.05) and 5.3% (Р£0.01). Thus, we can conclude that the metabolism of chemical elements and the milk productivity of cows are significantly determined by the polymorphism of the GDF5 gene. In order to select cows of the Holstein breed according to the GDF5 gene polymorphism, it is advisable to select homozygous animals for the CC genotype.
PSXV-5 Incorporating Breed of Origin and Runs-of-Homozygosity Information in a Genome-Wide Association for Meat Traits in a Brangus Commercial Herd
Authors: Zayas Gabriel A , Rodríguez Eduardo , Davila Kaitlyn Sarlo , Nunez Andrade Andrea N , Hernandez Aakilah , Rezende Fernanda M , Mateescu Raluca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Heterosis is the tendency of crossbreed animals performing better than the average of the purebred parents. Heterosis retention is essential in crossbreeding and composite breeding systems. However, not every genomic region benefits from heterosis, with certain traits showing an improvement when certain genomic regions are kept fixed for a certain breed. The objectives of this study were to detect such regions in a commercial Brangus herd, using genotypes, and Breed of Origin (BO) genotypes to identify runs of homozygosity (ROH) and investigate their effects on meat traits. The Brangus herd was genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array, after quality control, 99,669 variants, and 1,046 cattle remained. These genotypes were converted into BO genotypes with LAMP-LD, which describes the origin of the markers either from Angus or Brahman ancestry. The new BO genotypes and original genotypes were then used to identify ROH using the –homozyg function PLINK. The ROH genotypes were fit into a single locus mixed model for hot carcass weight (HCW) and marbling (MARB) using the EMMAX procedures in Golden Helix. The same single locus mixed model was used on both genotypes and Breed of Origin genotypes using the EMMAX procedures in Golden Helix. Using BO alleles, and ROH alongside traditional genotypes can help identify regions with significant effects on carcass traits. Providing important information for crossbreeding/composite breed systems about regions which should remain fixed for breeds.
PSXV-3 Genome-Wide Association Study for Sweat Gland Area in Multi-Breed Brahman-Angus Population
Authors: Hernandez Aakilah , Andrade Andrea N Nunez , Rodriguez Eduardo E , Davila Kaitlyn Sarlo , Mateescu Raluca , Zayas Gabriel A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thermal stress in subtropical regions is a major limiting factor in beef cattle productions with around $370 million being lost annually due to reduced performance. About 45% of beef cattle in the United States are in the southern and southeastern states where tropical and subtropical climates are most prevalent. Cattle utilize sweating to dispense most of their excess heat allowing them to return to their thermoneutral zone. The objective of this study was to conduct a genome-wide association study on sweat gland area in the Multi-breed Angus-Brahman herd of the University of Florida. Skin samples were collected along the shoulder from 337 cows of varying Brahman and Angus percentages. Cows were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250k array. The biopsies were processed into histology slides and then ImageJ software was used to measure sweat gland area. A general linear model was used to test the significance of breed composition and age group on sweat gland area. Breed composition and age group had a significant effect on sweat gland area (P &lt; 0.0001 and P &lt; 0.0001, respectively), with sweat gland area increasing with Brahman percentage. Quality control was conducted using BLUPF90 software including a call rate of 0.90 and a minor allele frequency of 0.01 which left 125,035 SNPs available for the single-step genome wide association analysis. BLUPF90 software was used to fit a single locus mixed model to test the effect of each marker. There were a significant SNPs located in the MINDY1 and PRUNE1 gene, which are involved in cell proliferation and induction of cell motility. These results show that with selection on these SNPs, can improve the ability of cattle to adapt to thermal stress.
PSXI-17 Evaluation of Influence of the Total Accumulation of Toxic Elements in Blood Serum on the Indicators of Milk Productivity of the Holstein Cows
Authors: Zubac Isidora , Sycheva Irina , Komarchev Alexey , Nikitin Petr , Vasilev Vladimir , Vasilyeva Irina , Stepantsevich Marina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The main objective was to study the milk productivity of lactating cows depending on the level of total accumulation of toxic metals in the blood serum. The experimental part of work was carried out on clinically healthy Holstein cows (n=45; lactation stage - 20-40 days after calving) bred in a single farm. The elemental composition of blood serum was studied for 4 chemical elements (Al, Pb, Sn, Sr) by ICP AES and ICP MS. The indicators of milk productivity of cows were evaluated by the yield of milk fat, protein, lactose, dry matter, SOMO and the average daily milk yield. To assess the magnitude of the toxic load on the body of cows, the coefficient of the total toxic load Ktox (µg/ml) was calculated. To calculate the coefficient, the sum of the concentrations of some toxic elements in the blood serum was used: Ktox=Al+Pb+Sn+Sr. Based on the data on the value of the total toxic load coefficient Ktox in blood serum, three groups were formed: group I included cows with a minimum value of the toxic load coefficient (Ktox=0.128 (0.088-0.142) μg/ml relative to the study sample; group II with an average (Ktox=0.229 (0.206-0.276) µg/ml; Group III included cows with the maximum coefficient (Ktox=0.395 (0.306-0.453) µg/ml. Comparative analysis showed that cows with the minimum Ktox value (group I) outperformed individuals from I and group II in terms of milk fat yield by 15.4 (P£0.001) and 19.7% (P£0.001), protein by 5.6 and 12.5% (P£0.05), lactose -10.9 (P£0.01) and 18.4% (P£0.001), dry matter by -7.6 and 12.8% (P£0.05) and average daily milk yield by 9.4 and 17.5% (P£0.01), respectively. Thus, in the course of the study, it was registered that with an increase in the total accumulation of heavy metals in the body of animals, the milk productivity of cows decreases.
PSXI-19 Evaluation of Salmonella Enteritidis (S.E.) Cecal Excretion and Ovary Infection Rates After SE Challenge in Commercial Layer Pullets fed with Feed Energy Company Product R2
Authors: Mahfuz Abdullah , Jones Mathew , Dasari Mohan , Berghaus Roy , Hofacre Charles L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Salmonella enteritidis is one of the leading bacterial causative agents of acute human gastroenteritis from poultry. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the patent pending low pKa, lipid-based natural R2 product of Feed Energy on commercial layer pullets using a Salmonella enteritidis challenge model. One-day-old HyLine W-36 layer pullets were placed in two separate rooms (116 sq.ft.) at 48 birds per pen. At 10 weeks of age, pullets were placed in individual cages of an A-Frame layer cage with a plastic wall between the R2 treatments (48 cages) and 48 cages for the challenge control. All birds were orally gavaged S.E. at 17 weeks with 5.2x108 CFU/bird. The dietary treatments from day 1: Control: Basal Diet + Distiller corn Oil (DCO), Treatment: Basal Diet + R2 product. The birds were fed a starter feed from day 1 to 12 weeks of age with 2.5% added fat and grower diet from 12 to 20 weeks with 1% added fat. Salmonella prevalences in ceca, ovaries, and cloacal swabs were compared between treatments and weeks using logistic regression. Salmonella CFUs in culture-positive samples were compared using linear regression. All statistical testing assumed a two-sided alternative hypothesis, and P &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Ceca and ovary samples were evaluated from one-half of the birds at 1 week and 3 weeks post challenge. At both sample times, the birds fed the R2 product had numerically less S.E. prevalence in ceca, ovaries, and cloacal swabs. Although there was not a statistical difference for each individual tissue tested, there was an obvious trend in reduction over time that would indicate the R2 product may be helping hens to more rapidly clear S.E. colonization and long-term benefits in preventing and/or reducing S.E. colonization of the ceca and ovaries.
PSXI-15 Effects of Selenium-Enriched Fermented Chinese Herbal Medicine on Growth Performance, Immune Performance and Meat Quality of Fowl
Authors: Zhu Yunfen , Chen Xiaofei , Xie Junhui , Li Rong , Tan Dejun , Wang Guogui , Ma Jin , Ma Yuehui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective: The experiment was conducted to study the effects of selenium-enriched fermented Chinese herbal feed additive on growth performance, immune performance and meat quality of fowl. Method: A total of 180 Hyline brown chicks of 7-day-old were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 chicks per replicate. These three groups were control group (basal diet), experimental group I (basal diet &Chinese herbal feed additive) and experimental group II (basal diet &selenium-enriched fermented Chinese herbal feed additive). The experiment lasted for 42d. Results: The ADG (average daily gain) of experimental groups II were significantly greater than those of control group and experimental groups I (P&lt; 0.05). The ADFI (average daily feed intake) of experimental groups I and II were significantly greater than those of control group, and the F/G (ratio of feed to gain) was respectively decreased by 5.3% and 7.7% (P&lt; 0.01). The content of GSH-Px in serum of experimental group II was significantly greater than that of experimental group I and control group and the contents of IgG and SOD in serum of experimental group I and II were significantly greater than that of control group (P&lt; 0.05). The contents of 1-octen-3-ol and hexanal in chicken breast of experimental group II were greater than those of experimental group I and control group (P&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that adding selenium-enriched fermented Chinese herbal feed additive in the basal diet can enhance the growth performance and immune performance of Hyline brown. It also helped to improve the flavor of the meat.Innovation：In this paper, selenium-enriched probiotic was used to ferment Chinese herbal medicine to research the effects of selenium-enriched fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on fowl. Meanwhile, similar reports have not been found internationally.