bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Fabrication of Elevators Using AVR Microcontroller
Authors: Keykha M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Men, along with the progress in his civilization and daily life, felt the need more and more every day that in addition to all the facilities and tools he had created for himself to move horizontally, he needed a tool to move himself and his tools and loads in the horizontal direction. Is. Images have been recorded in history that show that he invented methods for vertical movement in the distant past. Initially, this was done by levers and animals. An elevator is a permanent public vehicle that moves between predefined levels. The elevator is the only means of transportation used by all age groups and is the most common means of vertical movement in the world. The elevator is installed inside an environment that consists of three parts: 1. Engine room 2. Elevator well 3. Well. The gearbox motor acts as the heart of the elevator and the control panel acts as the core of the elevator. The aim of this research is to simulate and build the circuit and the building of the elevator so that it can be equipped with new facilities and sensors by using reprogramming if necessary to make its operation safer and provide more comfort for the passengers. Here we have programmed the AVR microcontroller using codevisionAVR software and performed the simulation using Proteus software.
Effective-Component Compatibility of Bufei Yishen Formula Ⅲ Ameliorated COPD By Improving Airway Epithelial Cell Senescence Via Promoting Mitophagy By Nrf2/PINK1 Pathway
Authors: Li Min-yan , Qin Yan-qin , Li Jian-sheng , Zhao Peng , Tian Yan-ge , Li Kang-chen , Oliver Brian G. , Liu Xue-fang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula Ⅲ (ECC-BYF Ⅲ) shows positive effects on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Purpose: To investigate the mechanisms of ECC-BYF Ⅲ on COPD rats from the aspect of airway epithelial cell senescence.Methods: COPD model rats were treated with ECC-BYF Ⅲ for 8 weeks and the efficacy was evaluated. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced senescence model of airway epithelial cells were treated with ECC-BYF Ⅲ, the related enzymes and proteins involved in oxidative stress and mitophagy were detected.Results: ECC-BYF Ⅲ markedly rescued pulmonary function and histopathological changes, which might be associated with the amelioration of lung senescence, including reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, increase of the level of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and decease of p21 level in airway. Furthermore, ECC-BYF Ⅲ suppressed p16, p21 expressions and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) in CSE-induced airway epithelial cells. Moreover, ECC-BYF Ⅲ upregulated the mitophagy-related proteins, including co-localization of TOM20 and LC3B, PINK1, PARK2, and improved mitochondrial function with upregulating mitochondrial mitofusin (Mfn)2 and reducing dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) expression. ECC-BYF Ⅲ enhanced the activities of T-SOD and GSH-PX by up-regulating Nrf2, thus inhibiting oxidative stress. After intervention with Nrf2 inhibitor, the regulation effects of ECC-BYF Ⅲ on oxidative stress, mitophagy and senescence in airway epithelial cells were significantly suppressed.Conclusions: ECC-BYF Ⅲ exerts beneficial effects on COPD rats by ameliorating airway epithelial cell senescence, which is mediated by inhibiting oxidative stress and subsequently enhancing mitophagy through activation of Nrf2 signaling.
Analysis of Reasons For Readmission of Diabetic Patients: 2015-2019
Authors: Wang Junmei , Xiong Jiayao , Yang Chao , Jiang Xianshu , Zhang Min , Chen Yanmei , Chen Dezhi , Li Zhiyong , Zhao Xiaolan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Among patients with diabetes who had been hospitalized, 30% had twice or more hospitalisations rate, accounting for more than 50% of total hospitalizations and hospitalization expense. The purpose of our study was to to find available strategies to reduce the readmission rate of diabetics in rural areas.Methods: This retrospective single-center study used the data from Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The t-test and the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively. We used the Spearman correlation coefficient to examine the relationship between variables. Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of hospitalisation time, and dummy variables were set for categorical independent variables. Results: There were a total of 1721 readmissions during a five-year period; among them, 829 were females and 892 males. The readmission rate of diabetic patients in the endocrinology department was 32.40%. The age, times of hospitalisation, and duration of all subjects were 64.67 ± 13.82, 2.69 ± 1.41 and 10.60 ± 6.78, respectively. Among all the diabetic patients, type 2 diabetes accounted for 98.55% (n = 1696). Most of the patients were readmitted due to poor glycemic control, infection, edema, dizziness, and weakness, accounting for approximately 56%. During the 5-year period, the majority of readmitted diabetic patients were hospitalized twice. Times of hospitalisation was weakly positively correlated with age (Rho = 0.206, P≤0.001), diabetic duration (Rho = 0.248, P ≤ 0.001) and hospitalisation expenses (Rho = 0.008, P = 0.035) by Spearman correlation analysis. Age, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were the main factors affecting times of hospitalisation in diabetes patients (all P < 0.05). Compared with current smokers, non-smokers and cessation smokers had high hospitalisations rate (all P for trend < 0.05). When taking diabetic foot infection as a reference, edema was more accountable than diabetic foot infection for hospitalisation times, which was statistically significant (P for trend = 0.048).Conclusion: Age, duration of diabetes and hospitalisation costs were positively correlated with times of hospitalisation. Age, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, ALT, smoking status and edema are the influencing factors of hospitalisation times. The most common causes of hospitalisation for diabetics are poor glycemic control, infection, edema, dizziness, and weakness. Controlling these factors may be key to developing rational health strategies for rural diabetics.
Cardiovascular Benefits of Vitamin C Supplementation Against Particulate Air Pollution in Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Ren Jingyi , Liang Jufeng , Wang Jiaqi , Yin Bowen , Zhang Fan , Li Xiang , Zhu Siqi , Tian Hao , Cui Qiqi , Jianshi Song , Ling Wenhua , Liu Gang , Ma Yuxia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that ambient air pollution exposure is associated with the adverse effects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Evidence on the health benefits of vitamin C supplementation in highly polluted areas has not been evaluated. Objectives: We aims to evaluate whether dietary vitamin C supplementation can improve cardiovascular health linked to PM exposure. Methods: A randomized double-blind crossover trial was performed in 58 health young adults in Shijiazhuang, China in 2018. All subjects were randomly assigned to vitamin C supplementation or placebo group for a week alternating with a two-week washout period. We measured blood pressure (BP), blood lipid, biomarkers of oxidative and biomarkers of inflammation. Linear mixed-effect model was applied to evaluate the effect of vitamin C supplementation on health outcomes.Results: During the intervention periods, the average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 was 164.91μg/m3 and 327.05μg/m3, respective. Vitamin C supplementation was significantly associated with decrease in several inflammatory indicators and blood pressure, including 19.47% in interleukin-6 (IL-6), 17.30% in tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), 34.01% in C-reactive protein (CRP), 3.37% in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 6.03% in pulse pressure (PP). Further, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was significantly increased by 7.15%. The effect of nutritional intervention on other indicators were beneficial, but there was no statistical difference. Gender-subgroup analysis showed that vitamin C supplementation significantly reduced SBP by 3.31%, PP by 4.94%, IL-6 by 20.97%, TNF-α by 27.85% and CRP by 38.5% in males, and significantly reduced SBP by 3.65%, PP by 8.12%, IL-6 by 17.35% and CRP by 29.15% in females. In contrast, vitamin C supplementation significantly increased APOB by 6.28% and GSH-Px by 14.47% in female participants only. Conclusion: This study indicates that vitamin C supplementation may protect cardiovascular system against particulate matter (PM) exposure among healthy young adults in China.Clinical trial registration information: Identifier: ChiCTR2100051371. Registered 19 October 2018, https://www.chictr.org.cn.
Diet Rather than Genetic Status Shapes the Gut Microbiota in Two Congeneric Snakes
Authors: Qu Yan-Fu , Wu Yan-Qing , Jiang Yi-Jin , Ji Xiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Various external and internal factors affect the gut microbiota of animals. The colonization and proliferation of gut microbes have been studied in a diverse array of animal taxa but remain poorly known in snakes. Here, we used the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology on the Roach 454 platform to analyze the gut microbiota composition using fecal samples collected from three snake groups [gravid females, newly hatched (preprandial) hatchlings and postprandial hatchlings] of two congeneric colubrid snake species (Elaphe carinata and E. taeniura) that are sympatric across a wide range in mainland China. We tested two hypotheses. First, the gut microbiota should not differ between the two species at hatching if the maternal or genetic contribution has no role in affecting post-hatching gut microbial colonization. Second, differences in the gut microbiota between newly hatched (preprandial) and postprandial hatchlings should not exist in both species if the dietary contribution has no role in affecting post-hatching gut microbial colonization.Results: The top three dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria in both species. None of the measured alpha diversity indexes differed among the three snake groups or between the two species. The relative abundance of the gut microbiota differed among the three snake groups and between the two species, and so did the relative abundances of the functions associated with the metabolism, cellular processes and environmental information processing. Evidence from gravid females and hatchlings showed that the gut microbiota composition was similar between the two species. The metabolism held the overwhelming predominance of functional categories at the top level in both species.Conclusion: Only the relative abundance of the gut microbiota differed between the two species, and the gut microbiota composition changed rapidly in postprandial hatchlings and differed among the three snakes groups in both species. From these findings, we may conclude that the dietary rather than the maternal or genetic contribution affects gut microbial colonization in snakes.
Serotonin 5-HT7 Receptor Is A Biomarker Poor Prognostic Factor And Induces Proliferation of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Through FOXM1
Authors: Cınar Venhar , Hamurcu Zuhal , Guler Ahsen , Nurdinov Nursultan , Ozpolat Bulent 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer and associated with poor prognosis and shorter survival due to significant genetic heterogeneity, drug resistance and lack of effective targeted therapeutics. Therefore, novel molecular targets and therapeutic strategies are needed to improve patient survival. Serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT) has been shown to induce growth stimulatory effects in breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which 5-HT exerts its oncogenic effects in TNBC still are not well understood. Methods: Normal breast epithelium (MCF10A) and two TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231, BT-546) and MCF-7 cells (ER+) were used to investigate effects of 5-HT7 receptor. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based knockdown and metergoline (5-HT7 antagonist) were used to inhibit the activity of 5-HT7. Cell proliferation and colony formation were evaluated using MTS cell viability and colony formation assays, respectively. Western blotting was used to investigate 5-HT7, FOXM1 and its downstream targets protein expressions.Results: We demonstrated that 5-HT induces cell proliferation of TNBC cells and expression of 5-HT7 receptor and FOXM1 oncogenic transcription factor. We found that expression of 5-HT7 receptor is upregulated in TNBC cells and higher 5-HT7 expression is associated with poor patient prognosis and shorter patient survival. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT7 by siRNA and metergoline, respectively, suppressed TNBC cell proliferation and FOXM1 and its downstream mediators, including eEF2-Kinase (eEF2K) and cyclin-D1. Conclusion: Our findings suggest for the first time that the 5-HT7 receptor promotes FOXM1, eEF2K and cyclin D1 signaling to support TNBC cell proliferation, thus inhibition of 5-HT7/FOXM1 signaling may be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting TNBC.
Removal of Cesium and Strontium From Radioactive Wastewater by Prussian Blue Nanorods
Authors: Yao Chuqing , Dai Yaodong , Chang Shuquan , Zhang Haiqian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, novel Prussian blue tetragonal nanorods were prepared by template-free solvothermal methods for removal of radionuclide Cs and Sr. It was worth that Prussian blue nanorods exhibited the better adsorption performance than co-precipitation PB or Prussian blue analogue composites. Thermodynamic analysis implied that adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic which was described well with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order equation, the maximum adsorption capacity of PB nanorod was estimated to be 194.26 mg g-1 and 256.62 mg g-1 for Cs+ and Sr2+. The adsorption mechanism of Cs+ and Sr2+ was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and 57Fe Mössbaure spectroscopy, the results revealed that Cs+ entered in PB crystal to generate a new phase, the most of Sr2+ was trapped in internal crystal and the other exchanged Fe2+. Furthermore, the effect of co-existing ions and pH for PB adsorption process were also investigated. The results suggest that PB nanorods were outstanding candidate for removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ from radioactive wastewater.
Propofol Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells Through Atr Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhou Yu , Li Dongmei , Liang Hongyan , Ma Yuan , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aims: Here we aim to investigate the regulation of propofol on DNA damage caused by replication fork arrest in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells.Methods: A549 and NCI-H460 cells were treated with propofol and hydroxyurea (HU) in vitro. CCK-8 assay was used to examine cell proliferation. Transwell assay was employed to investigate cell migration and invasion abilities. Western blotting was carried out to study the activities of ATR signals. Laser confocal microscopy was utilized to study the formation of p-RPA32 foci.Results: Propofol treatment promoted the apoptosis and suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion, possibly by increasing the sensitivity of A549 and NCI-H460 cells against DNA damage. Propofol treatment enhanced the sensitivity of A549 and NCI-H460 cells to damages caused by replication fork arrest, as well as the activity of ATR signaling pathway. Propofol regulated the sensitivity of A549 and NCI-H460 cells to DNA replication damage by affecting the level of H3K27me3.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that propofol up-regulates the expression of H3K27me3 in lung cancer cells, promotes the recruitment of exonuclease MUS81 in stagnant replication fork, induces apoptosis caused by DNA damage, and thus inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells.
Probabilistic Sea Level Rise Flood Projections Using a Localized Ocean Reference Surface
Authors: Paoa-Kannegiesser Noah A. , Fletcher Charles H. , Anderson Tiffany R. , Coffman Makena 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Projecting sea level rise (SLR) impacts requires defining ocean surface variability as a source of uncertainty. We analyze data from a Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) reanalysis for the region surrounding the main Hawaiian Islands to incorporate the ocean surface uncertainty in mapping SLR flood probabilities. By analyzing the ocean surface height component of the ROMS reanalysis, we create an ocean surface reference (ORS) as a proxy for MHHW. We model the NOAA Intermediate, Intermediate-high and High regional SLR scenarios for the years 2050 and 2100 at three field sites around Oʻahu; Waikīkī, Hauʻula, Haleʻiwa. We calculate a probability density function (PDF) by convolving the PDF of water level derived from the ROMS reanalysis data with the PDF of error associated with a digital elevation model of the study sites. The resulting joint-PDF of flood depth allows us to create two types of probability-based flood projections: (1) Maps illustrating varying flood depths for a given probability threshold and, (2) maps illustrating varying probability for a specific flood depth. We compare 80% probability flood projections using our ORS approach to projections using the TCARI grid, the standard NOAA method. We highlight the importance of uncertainty and user-defined probability in identifying pixels that function as tipping points distinguishing flooding styles.
Mechanistic Study of Silica Nanoparticles on the Size-dependent Retinal Toxicity in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Zhang Zhuhong , Zhao Laien , Ma Yuanyuan , Liu Jia , Huang Yanmei , Fu Xiaoxuan , Peng Shengjun , Wang Xiaojie , Yang Yun , Zhang Xiaoyan , Ding Wanru , Yu Jinguo , Zhu Yanping , Yan Hua , Yang Shubin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are extensively applied in the biomedical ﬁeld. The increasing medical application of SiO2 NPs has raised concerns about their safety. However, studies on SiO2 NP-induced retinal toxicity are lacking.Methods: We investigated the retinal toxicity of SiO2 NPs with different sizes (15 and 50 nm) in vitro and in vivo along with the underlying mechanisms. The cytotoxicity of SiO2 NPs with different sizes was assessed in R28 human retinal precursor cells by determining the ATP content and LDH release. The cell morphologies and nanoparticle distributions in the cells were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The retinal toxicity induced by SiO2 NPs in vivo was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. To further investigate the mechanism of retinal toxicity induced by SiO2 NPs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, glial cell activation and inflammation were monitored.Results: The 15-nm SiO2 NPs were found to have higher cytotoxicity than the larger NPs. Notably, the 15-nm SiO2 NPs induced retinal toxicity in vivo, as demonstrated by increased cell death in the retina, TUNEL-stained retinal cells, retinal ganglion cell degeneration, glial cell activation, and inflammation. In addition, The SiO2 NPs caused oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the increase in the ROS indicator H2DCF-DA. Furthermore, the pretreatment of R28 cells with N-acetylcysteine, an ROS scavenger, attenuated the ROS production and cytotoxicity induced by SiO2 NPs.Conclusions: These results provide evidence that SiO2 NPs induce size-dependent retinal toxicity and suggest that glial cell activation and ROS generation contribute to this toxicity.
Apolipoprotein C3 and Necrotic Core Volume Are Correlated but Also Associated With Future Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Ohwada Takayuki , Sakamoto Takayuki , Suzuki Satoshi , Sugawara Yukiko , Nakazato Kazuhiko , Takeishi Yasuchika , Watanabe Kenichi , Sakamoto Kazuya , Ikeda Ayano , Haga Fumika 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We aimed to clarify the relationship between apolipoprotein C3 (apo-C3) and vascular composition of lesion plaque in stable coronary disease (SCD) before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to investigate major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within 4 years. Data of 98 consecutive patients with SCD who underwent PCI between November 1, 2012, and March 10, 2015, were analyzed. Laboratory evaluation and virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) examination of culprit lesions were conducted before PCI. Patients were divided according to the median apo-C3 value into low apo-C3 (≤8.5 mg/dL) and high apo-C3 (>8.5 mg/dL) groups. VH-IVUS data indicated that the percentage of necrotic core volume (%NC) was significantly higher in the high apo-C3 group than in the low apo-C3 group. Moreover, the %NC significantly correlated with the apo-C3 level (R=0.2109, P=0.037). Kaplan–Meier curve analysis revealed that freedom from MACEs decreased more in the high apo-C3 group than in the low apo-C3 group and in the high %NC group than in the low %NC group. Multivariate Cox hazards analysis showed that the %NC and high apo-C3 were independent predictors of 4-year MACEs. Apo-C3 may be a useful marker for future MACEs in patients with SCD after PCI and contribute to %NC growth.