bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H1.0 induces paclitaxel‐resistance genes expression in ovarian cancer cells by recruiting GCN5 and androgen receptor
Authors: Kohli Abhidha , Huang Shang‐Lang , Chang Ting‐Chang , Chao Chuck C.‐K. , Sun Nian‐Kang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMore than 90% of ovarian cancer deaths are due to relapse following development of chemoresistance. Our main objective is to better understand the molecular mechanism underlying paclitaxel resistance (taxol resistance, Txr) in ovarian cancer. Here, we observed that the linker histone H1.0 is upregulated in paclitaxel‐resistant ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of H1.0 significantly downregulates the androgen receptor (AR) and sensitizes paclitaxel‐resistant SKOV3/Txr and 2774/Txr cell lines to paclitaxel. Conversely, ectopic expression of H1.0 upregulates AR and increases Txr in parental SKOV3 and MDAH2774 cells. Notably, H1.0 upregulation is associated with disease recurrence and poor survival in a subset of ovarian cancer subjects. Inhibition of PI3K significantly reduces H1.0 mRNA and protein levels in paclitaxel‐resistant cells, suggesting the involvement of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Knockdown of H1.0 and AR also downregulates the Txr genes ABCB1 and ABCG2 in paclitaxel‐resistant cells. Our data show that H1.0 induces GCN5 expression and histone acetylation, thereby enhancing Txr gene transactivation. These findings suggest that Txr in ovarian cancer involves the PI3K/AKT pathway and leads to upregulation of histone H1.0, recruitment of GCN5 and AR, followed by upregulation of a subgroup of Txr genes that include ABCB1 and ABCG2. This study is the first report describing the relationship between histone H1.0 and GCN5 that cooperate to induce AR‐dependent Txr in ovarian cancer cells.
A prospective cohort study to evaluate continuous wound infusion with local analgesics within an enhanced recovery protocol after colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Ketelaers Stijn H. J. , Dhondt Lieke , van Ham Nikki , Harms Ansgar S. , Scholten Harm J. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. , Rutten Harm J. T. , Burger Jacobus W. A. , Bloemen Johanne G. , Vogelaar F. Jeroen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo reduce detrimental opioid‐related side effects, minimising the postoperative opioid consumption is needed, especially in older patients. Continuous wound infusion (CWI) with local analgesics appears to be an effective opioid‐sparing alternative. However, the added value of CWI to an enhanced recovery protocol after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of CWI after CRC surgery within a strictly adhered to enhanced recovery protocol.MethodsIn this multicentre prospective observational cohort study, patients who underwent CRC surgery between May 2019 and January 2021 were included. Patients were treated with CWI as adjunct to multimodal pain management within an enhanced recovery protocol. Postoperative opioid consumption, pain scores and outcomes regarding functional recovery were evaluated.ResultsA cohort of 130 consecutive patients were included, of whom 36.2% were ≥75 years. Postoperative opioids were consumed by 80 (61.5%) patients on postoperative day 0, and by 28 (21.5%), 27 (20.8%), and 18 (13.8%) patients on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Median pain scores were <4 on all days. The median time until first passage of stool was 1.0 (IQR: 1.0–2.0) day. Postoperative delirium occurred in 0.8%. Median length of hospital stay was 3.0 days (IQR: 2.0–5.0).ConclusionIn patients treated with CWI, low amounts of postoperative opioid consumption, adequate postoperative pain control, and enhanced recovery were observed. CWI seems a beneficial opioid‐sparing alternative and may further improve the outcomes of an enhanced recovery protocol after CRC surgery, which seems especially valuable for older patients.
Advances in hPSC expansion towards therapeutic entities: A review
Authors: Tannenbaum Shelly E. , Reubinoff Benjamin E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor use in regenerative medicine, large‐scale manufacturing of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) under current good manufacturing practice (cGMPs) is required. Much progress has been made since culturing under static two‐dimensional (2D) conditions on feeders, including feeder‐free cultures, conditioned and xeno‐free media, and three‐dimensional (3D) dynamic suspension expansion. With the advent of horizontal‐blade and vertical‐wheel bioreactors, scale‐out for large‐scale production of differentiated hPSCs became possible; control of aggregate size, shear stress, fluid hydrodynamics, batch‐feeding strategies, and other process parameters became a reality. Moving from substantially manipulated processes (i.e., 2D) to more automated ones allows easer compliance to current good manufacturing practices (cGMPs), and thus easier regulatory approval. Here, we review the current advances in the field of hPSC culturing, advantages, and challenges in bioreactor use, and regulatory areas of concern with respect to these advances. Manufacturing trends to reduce risk and streamline large‐scale manufacturing will bring about easier, faster regulatory approval for clinical applications.
Posterior circulation ischemic stroke not involving the brainstem is associated with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction
Authors: Wang Ruihao , Köhrmann Martin , Kollmar Rainer , Koehn Julia , Schwab Stefan , Kallmünzer Bernd , Hilz Max J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeIschemic stroke may induce cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, but most previous studies have included patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke or brainstem stroke. It remains unclear whether posterior circulation ischemic stroke (PCIS) without brainstem involvement also compromises cardiovascular autonomic modulation (CAM). Therefore, we aimed to assess CAM in PCIS patients with and without brainstem involvement.MethodsIn four subgroups of 61 PCIS patients (14 occipital lobe, 16 thalamic, 12 cerebellar, and 19 brainstem strokes) and 30 healthy controls, we recorded RR intervals (RRIs), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and respiration at supine rest during the first week after stroke onset. We calculated parameters reflecting total CAM (RRI‐standard deviation [RRI‐SD], RRI‐total powers), predominantly sympathetic CAM (RRI‐low‐frequency [LF] powers and SBP‐LF powers] and parasympathetic CAM (root mean square of successive RRI differences [RMSSD], RRI‐high‐frequency [HF] powers), sympathetic‐parasympathetic balance (RRI‐LF/HF ratios), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Values were compared among the four PCIS groups and controls using one‐way ANOVA Kruskal–Wallis tests, with post‐hoc analyses. Significance was assumed for p < 0.05.ResultsIn each PCIS subgroup, values for RRI, RRI‐SD, RMSSD, RRI‐HF powers, and BRS were significantly lower, while SBP‐LF powers were higher than in the controls. Only in patients with occipital lobe stroke were RRI‐LF/HF ratios significantly higher than in controls. Otherwise, autonomic variables did not differ among the four PCIS subgroups.ConclusionsDuring the first week after stroke onset, our PCIS patients with occipital lobe, thalamic, cerebellar, or brainstem strokes all had reduced cardiovagal modulation, compromised baroreflex, and increased peripheral sympathetic modulation. The RRI‐LF/HF ratios suggest that sympathetic predominance is slightly more prominent after occipital lobe stroke. PCIS may trigger cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction even without brainstem involvement.
Land‐based climate solutions for the United States
Authors: Robertson G. Philip , Hamilton Stephen K. , Paustian Keith , Smith Pete 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMeeting end‐of‐century global warming targets requires aggressive action on multiple fronts. Recent reports note the futility of addressing mitigation goals without fully engaging the agricultural sector, yet no available assessments combine both nature‐based solutions (reforestation, grassland and wetland protection, and agricultural practice change) and cellulosic bioenergy for a single geographic region. Collectively, these solutions might offer a suite of climate, biodiversity, and other benefits greater than either alone. Nature‐based solutions are largely constrained by the duration of carbon accrual in soils and forest biomass; each of these carbon pools will eventually saturate. Bioenergy solutions can last indefinitely but carry significant environmental risk if carelessly deployed. We detail a simplified scenario for the United States that illustrates the benefits of combining approaches. We assign a portion of non‐forested former cropland to bioenergy sufficient to meet projected mid‐century transportation needs, with the remainder assigned to nature‐based solutions such as reforestation. Bottom‐up mitigation potentials for the aggregate contributions of crop, grazing, forest, and bioenergy lands are assessed by including in a Monte Carlo model conservative ranges for cost‐effective local mitigation capacities, together with ranges for (a) areal extents that avoid double counting and include realistic adoption rates and (b) the projected duration of different carbon sinks. The projected duration illustrates the net effect of eventually saturating soil carbon pools in the case of most strategies, and additionally saturating biomass carbon pools in the case of forest management. Results show a conservative end‐of‐century mitigation capacity of 110 (57–178) Gt CO2e for the U.S., ~50% higher than existing estimates that prioritize nature‐based or bioenergy solutions separately. Further research is needed to shrink uncertainties, but there is sufficient confidence in the general magnitude and direction of a combined approach to plan for deployment now.
Accounting for the neglected: Invertebrate species and the 2019–2020 Australian megafires
Authors: Marsh Jessica R. , Bal Payal , Fraser Hannah , Umbers Kate , Latty Tanya , Greenville Aaron , Rumpff Libby , Woinarski John C. Z. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimInvertebrates make up the vast majority of fauna species but are often overlooked in impact assessment and conservation response. The extent to which the 2019–2020 Australian megafires overlapped with the range of vertebrate species has been well documented; consequently, substantial resourcing has been directed towards their recovery. Here, we attempt to document the extent of overlap of these megafires with invertebrate species. In doing so, we seek to demonstrate that it is possible and worthwhile to assess the effect of a catastrophic event on a large number of poorly known species.LocationTemperate and subtropical Australia.Time period2019–2020.Major taxaAustralian invertebrates.MethodsWe adapted a published analytical pathway for the assessment of distributional fire overlap on vertebrate species. Overlaps with fire for 32,163 invertebrate taxa were determined using point records and polygons.ResultsWe found that 13,581 invertebrate taxa had part of their range burnt in the 2019–2020 Australian megafires. Of these, 382 taxa had the whole of their known range burnt, and a further 405 taxa had 50–99.9% of their range burnt. Five examples are described.Main conclusionsPoorly known groups of biodiversity can be impacted significantly by major disturbance events, but such impact is often overlooked. This oversight has the consequences of under‐estimating the magnitude of impacts and the potential failure to direct conservation responses to those species most in need of them. Our analysis demonstrates that the 2019–2020 megafires burnt ≥50% of the known range of nearly 800 Australian invertebrate taxa, a tally far higher than for vertebrates (19 taxa). Assessment of the real impact (i.e., beyond simply overlap with fire) requires more consideration of susceptibility and/or post‐fire survey and monitoring. The magnitude of overlap of the 2019–2020 megafires on invertebrate species justifies a conservation response that is less biased towards iconic vertebrate species.
Effets de la pandémie de COVID‐19 et du travail de soins non rémunéré sur les moyens d'existence des travailleurs informels
Authors: OGANDO Ana Carolina , ROGAN Michael , MOUSSIÉ Rachel 
Published: May 2022

RésuméAvec la pandémie de COVID‐19, la crise sanitaire et économique s'est doublée d'une crise du travail de soins. Tous les travailleurs en ont pâti, y compris dans l'économie informelle. Les auteurs exploitent les résultats d'une étude longitudinale menée par le réseau WIEGO en juin‐juillet 2020 auprès de travailleurs informels de douze villes. Ils observent que la crise a accru la charge du travail de soins, avec des conséquences sur les moyens d'existence et la sécurité alimentaire. L'analyse sexospécifique de l'activité professionnelle et du travail de soins non rémunéré permet de comprendre les répercussions particulières de la crise sur les travailleurs informels dans le monde.
COVID‐19: une crise du care? Pour une analyse féministe de la riposte à la crise et des mesures ciblant les activités domestiques et les soins à autrui rémunérés et non rémunérés
Authors: CAMILLETTI Elena , NESBITT‐AHMED Zahrah 
Published: May 2022

RésuméLa pandémie de COVID‐19 a renforcé les inégalités entre les sexes, en augmentant la charge domestique pesant sur les femmes et les filles, ainsi que la vulnérabilité de la main‐d'œuvre, essentiellement féminine et informelle, des métiers du care. Les autrices cherchent à savoir si les pays ont tenu compte de ces enjeux dans leur riposte à la crise en exploitant une base de données internationale recensant trois types de prestations de protection sociale (aide sociale, assurances sociales et programmes du marché du travail). Elles constatent des lacunes et proposent une réflexion sur les répercussions des politiques officielles, actuelles ou futures, sur les problématiques du care.
Analysis and management of pathogens isolated from patients with complicated facial lacerations and abrasions
Authors: Shin Se Ho , Woo Sang Seok , Lee Ju Ho , Kim Hyeon Jo , Kim Seong Hwan , Kim Jae Hyun , Suh In Suck 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlastic surgeons commonly encounter patients with facial lacerations and/or abrasions in the emergency room. If they are properly treated, facial wounds generally heal well without complications. However, infection can sometimes cause delayed wound healing. We performed wound culture for the early detection of infection and to promote the healing of infected facial wounds. We included 5033 patients with facial wounds who visited the emergency room of Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital between January 2018 and February 2021. Among them, 104 patients underwent wound culture. We analysed the pathogens isolated and the patients' age, sex, wound site, mechanism of injury, wound healing time, time from injury to culture, time to culture results, and dressing methods used. Pathogens were isolated in slightly less than half of the patients (38.46%); among them, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common (47.5%). Methicillin‐resistant coagulase‐negative staphylococci were isolated in six (15%) patients. Patients with complicated wounds had a longer mean wound healing time (10.83 ± 5.91 days) than those with non‐complicated wounds (6.06 ± 1.68 days). Wound culture of complicated facial wounds resulted in the isolation of various types of pathogens, including antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and fungi. We recommend the use of wound culture for early detection of infection to prevent delayed wound healing.
Precision diabetes: Lessons learned from maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
Authors: Tosur Mustafa , Philipson Louis H 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMaturity‐onset of diabetes of the young (MODY) are monogenic forms of diabetes characterized by early onset diabetes with autosomal dominant inheritance. Since its first description about six decades ago, there have been significant advancements in our understanding of MODY from clinical presentations to molecular diagnostics and therapeutic responses. The prevalence of MODY is estimated as at least 1.1–6.5% of the pediatric diabetes population with a high degree of geographic variability that might arise from several factors in the criteria used to ascertain cases. GCK‐MODY, HNF1A‐MODY, and HNF4A‐MODY account for >90% of MODY cases. While some MODY forms do not require treatment (i.e., GCK‐MODY), some others are highly responsive to oral agents (i.e., HNF1A‐MODY). The risk of micro‐ and macro‐vascular complications of diabetes also differ significantly between MODY forms. Despite its high clinical impact, 50–90% of MODY cases are estimated to be misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Although there are many clinical features suggestive of MODY diagnosis, there is no single clinical criterion. An online MODY Risk Calculator can be a useful tool for clinicians in the decision‐making process for MODY genetic testing in some situations. Molecular genetic tests with a commercial gene panel should be performed in cases with a suspicion of MODY. Unresolved atypical cases can be further studied by exome or genome sequencing in a clinical or research setting, as available.
Range expansion of a widespread Indo‐Pacific haemulid, the barred javelin Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier, 1830), in a climate change hotspot
Authors: Mos Benjamin , Mos Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe authors report a first sighting of a euryhaline fish in the climate change hotspot along Australia's south‐eastern coast. The barred javelin, Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier, 1830) was found in the Nambucca River in New South Wales, Australia, during 2021 and 2022. Specimens were adult, suggesting they may not be transitory vagrants. The new southernmost location recorded here represents a c. 200 km out‐of‐range sighting compared to previous records, and is c. 380 km south of the southernmost Australian stronghold of the species in Moreton Bay, Queensland.
Case study: Diagnosing China's prevailing urban flooding—Causes, challenges, and solutions
Authors: Ma Yang , Cui Yantao , Tan Huagao , Wang Hongyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccompanying its rapid urban development, prevalent urban flooding incidents have been occurring in China in the past two decades with increasing frequency. Through a comparison with generally accepted urban flooding management practices, we (the authors) identified that a lack of surface water runoff management considerations (i.e., missing a major drainage system in urban stormwater system) and inadequate local mitigation are the primary causes of urban flooding problems in China, which in turn is rooted in the planning stage of a city's development. Following identification of the primary causes for the problems, we propose the development of master drainage plans (MDPs) for the concerned cities or regions as the first effective step to mitigate the serious urban flooding problems facing many cities today. An MDP would provide necessary elements to develop a major drainage system for the city's stormwater system and allow for an accurate calculation of parameters necessary for installation of adequate local mitigations. Lessons learned in this study should be useful for China's administrative agencies and professionals while they try to find solutions to their urban flooding problems and beneficial to other nations facing rapid urban development in the future or with existing urban flooding threats.
Role of biologics in refractory recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Liu Dan , Zhang Tianyu , Zhou Hangfan , Meng Yang , Wu Chuanji , Sun Yutong , Xu Yiming , Deng Xiaoting , Wang Hui , Jiang Lu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRefractory recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RRAS) manifests as severe ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa with poor healing and a poor response to conventional therapy, with or without systemic diseases. Its treatment remains a clinical challenge owing to the lack of effective therapies. Recently, biologics have emerged as promising targeted therapies for RRAS. The biologics targeting specific inflammatory pathways involved in the pathogenesis of RRAS, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha inhibitors and interleukin inhibitors, offer a more precise and promising therapeutic approach for RRAS. These targeted therapies have been shown to promote healing and decrease recurrence frequency in, and improve the quality of life of patients with RRAS. Herein, the types and mechanisms of biologics currently used to treat RRAS have been reviewed; furthermore, the dose, duration, therapeutic efficacy, and adverse effects of RRAS with or without certain associated systemic diseases, and the current problems and future directions have been discussed.
Zonulin and claudin‐5 levels in multisystem inflammatory syndrome and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children
Authors: Kılıç Ahmet O , Akın Fatih , Yazar Abdullah , Metin Akcan Özge , Topcu Cemile , Aydın Orkun 
Published: May 2022

AimSARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children is generally asymptomatic or mild; however, it can lead to a life‐threatening clinical condition, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C), days or weeks after the infection. Increased intestinal permeability isa possible triggering factor at the onset of the hyperinflammation associated with MIS‐C. Zonulin and claudin‐5 are involved in intestinal permeability. In this study, we aimed to investigate serum zonulin and claudin‐5 levels in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and MIS‐C disease.MethodsThe study group consisted of children diagnosed with MIS‐C or SARS‐CoV‐2 infection who presented to a university hospital paediatric emergency or infectious diseases departments. The control group included well patients seen at the General Pediatrics units for routine follow‐up. Serum zonulin and claudin‐5 levels were measured at the time of diagnosis.ResultsFifteen patients were included in the MIS‐C group, 19 in the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection group and 21 in the control group. The mean zonulin level in the MIS‐C group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). Mean Claudin‐5 levels were Psignificantly lower in the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection group than in the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionThese results indicate that increased intestinal permeability may be involved in the pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and MIS‐C disease. Larger clinical trials are needed to clarify the role of serum zonulin and claudin‐5 on intestinal permeability in MIS‐C and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children.
Enhancement of maternal‐neonatal bonding during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: Jaiswal Nishtha , Puri Manju , Meena Deepika , Kamboj Sonia , Goel Srishti , Nain Shilpi , Chaudhary Vidhi , Chopra Kanika , Vats Barkha , Ansari Sana , Srivastava Shivangi S 
Published: May 2022

AimThe COVID‐19 pandemic adversely affected the essential care of newborns. In a tertiary care hospital in India, all COVID‐19 suspect post‐natal mothers awaiting COVID results were transferred to a ward shared with symptomatic COVID suspect female patients from other clinical specialities, due to shortage of space and functional health workforce. Babies born to COVID‐19 suspect mothers were moved to a separate ward with a caretaker until their mothers tested negative. Due to shortage of beds and delay in receiving COVID results, mothers and babies were often discharged separately 2–3 days apart to their home. This deprived babies of their mother's milk and bonding. We, therefore, undertook a quality improvement (QI) initiative aiming to improve rooming‐in of eligible COVID‐19 suspect mother–newborn dyads from 0% to more than 90% over a period of 6 weeks.MethodsA QI team was formed which ran multiple Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles. The results were reviewed at regular intervals and interventions were adopted, adapted or abandoned. These included advocacy, rearrangement of wards, counselling of mothers and caretakers regarding infection prevention practices and coordination between labour room, post‐natal ward and nursery staff.ResultsAn improvement in rooming‐in from 0% to more than 90% was achieved.ConclusionQI methodology is a systematic approach in addressing and solving unexpected unforeseen problems effectively.