bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T-Cell Activation and LPS: A Dangerous Duo for Organ Dysfunction
Authors: Kerr Austin W , Efron Philip A , Larson Shawn D , Rincon Jaimar C 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the main components of cell membranes in gram-negative bacteria, is commonly used to promote inflammation-induced organ dysfunction. In the TLR4/LPS pathway, LPS binding protein and CD14 enable lipid A of LPS to be recognized by the TLR4-MD2 receptor complex. The intracellular domain of the TLR4/LPS complex stimulates MyD88-dependent/independent and TRIF-dependent pathways, which in turn activate NF-B and IRF3, leading to subsequent production of pro-inflammatory mediators. LPS has been demonstrated to induce microcirculatory disturbances via promotion of leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaging the vessels and causing vascular dysfunction. Thus, LPS is frequently used as a systemic model of inflammation as LPS administration increases circulating pro-inflammatory mediators, which triggers leukocyte adhesion and leads to multi-organ failure and death.
Refinement of the α–β quartz phase boundary based on in situ Raman spectroscopy measurements in hydrothermal diamond‐anvil cell and an evaluated equation of state of pure H2O
Authors: Li Shenghu , Chou I‐Ming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we determined the α–β quartz phase transition temperatures (Ttrs; up to ~924°C for a total of 23 obtained under 0.1 MPa and elevated pressures) in a hydrothermal diamond‐anvil cell (HDAC) at H2O pressures up to ~1310 MPa by using in situ Raman spectroscopy. When compared with the commonly used α‐quartz Raman band near 465 cm−1 (at 24°C and 0.1 MPa), the one near 128 cm−1 is much more sensitive for detecting Ttr. The corresponding phase transition pressure (Ptr) at each measured Ttr was calculated from three equations of state (EoS) of pure H2O. The corresponding three α–β quartz phase boundaries were compared with those derived from previous experimental results. The best fitted one can be represented by: Ptr (±5.6 MPa) = 0.0008·Ttr2 + 2.8056·Ttr − 1877.5, where 574°C ≤ Ttr ≤ 889°C with R2 = 0.9998. Our results agree, within experimental uncertainties, with most of previous experimental data, and our newly determined α–β quartz Ptr–Ttr phase boundary can be used as a reliable pressure calibrant in HDAC. Furthermore, the experimental procedures used in this study, including the use of Raman spectroscopy criterion for Ttr determination, can be easily applied to obtain improved EoS of geologically important aqueous solutions containing salt(s) at pressure–temperature conditions up to ~1.2 GPa–900°C.
Removal of C9‐aldehydes and ‐alcohols from melon juice via cysteine addition
Authors: Aboshi Takako , Narita Konami , Katsumi Naoyuki , Ohta Tomoya , Murayama Tetsuya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aroma of a melon fruit is among the most crucial qualities that influence consumer preferences. However, strong grassy and cucumber‐like aromas can prevent consumer acceptance. These grassy and cucumber‐like aromas are produced by aldehydes containing nine‐carbon chains. Several studies have revealed that aldehydes exhibit a high affinity toward cysteine. Thus, the effect of adding cysteine to volatile compounds to melon juice was investigated.ResultsThe volatile compounds released from the melon juice were analyzed via solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS) after 0.5, 5, and 24 h of adding cysteine. The results indicated that the concentrations of aldehydes, such as (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadienal and (E)‐2‐nonenal, in the melon juice decreased after the addition of cysteine at all the analyzed times. Additionally, (E)‐2‐nonenol and (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadien‐1‐ol, which were formed by the enzymatic reduction of the aldehydes, also decreased by cysteine addition. To confirm the binding of cysteine with the aldehydes, two cysteine adducts were analyzed via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) employing (E)‐2‐nonenal in the melon juice after the addition of cysteine.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that cysteine addition could be potentially used to reduce the grassy and cucumber‐like aromas of melon juice. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of high‐pressure processing on the physicochemical properties and glycemic index of fruit puree in a hyperglycemia mouse model
Authors: Wu Yi‐Jing , Lu Yi‐Ching , Wu Yu‐Hsiang , Lin Yan‐Han , Hsu Chin‐Lin , Wang Chung‐Yi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, the duration of high‐pressure processing (HPP) required to achieve a 5 log reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fruit purees was evaluated. Banana, cantaloupe, and dragon fruit purees were subjected to HPP at 600 MPa for 300, 270, and 270 s, respectively, and their physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were then analysed. Diabetic mice were fed fresh and HPP‐treated purees to observe their effects on the glycemic index (GI) and postprandial blood glucose response.RESULTSCompared with their fresh counterparts, the HPP‐treated banana and dragon fruit purees exhibited significantly higher viscosities, lower glucose concentrations, and higher glucose dialysis retardation indices and showed disrupted sucrose invertase and polygalacturonase activities. The GI and postprandial blood glucose response were not significantly different between the fresh and HPP‐treated cantaloupe purees. By contrast, the peak time of glucose response (Tmax) was delayed from 30 min to 60 min, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was reduced by 40% in the mice fed HPP‐treated banana and dragon fruit purees. The GIs of the HPP‐treated banana and dragon fruit purees (were 50.3 and 44.8, respectively) were significantly lower than those of their fresh counterparts (85.1 and 75.2, respectively).CONCLUSIONHPP can change the physicochemical properties of fruit purees, resulting in stabilized blood glucose levels and lower GIs after consumption. Therefore, purees processed in this manner would benefit consumers and patients with diabetes/pre‐diabetes who need to maintain stable blood glucose levels (Fig. S1). © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Gate driver with low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon and oxide thin‐film‐transistor circuits for low power consumption and narrow bezel AMOLED displays
Authors: Kim Junyeong , Jang Jin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose a novel gate driver circuit using low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon and oxide (LTPO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The proposed circuit consists of only six TFTs, four p‐type LTPS, and two n‐type a‐IGZO TFTs, without capacitor. The proposed circuit operates well when oxide TFTs have threshold voltage (VTH) of −7.5 V, which is very depletion mode. Without bootstrapping, low gate bias stress occurs on TFTs in the proposed circuit. With dual gate (DG) structure of oxide TFTs, the stability of the proposed circuit is improved. In addition, by utilizing extremely low off‐state current of oxide TFTs, ultra‐low power consumption can be achieved. The total power consumption of the proposed gate driver is less than 100 mW under a‐IGZO TFT's VTH of −6 V at 120 Hz 4k (3,840 × 2,160) resolution display. The fabricated circuit works perfectly at a pulse width of 1 μs equivalent to operating speed of 500 kHz. The proposed circuit can be applied to ultra‐high definition (UHD) and narrow bezel AMOLED display.
Evaluation of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate as comonomer in the preparation of water‐compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for triazinic herbicides
Authors: Díaz‐Álvarez Myriam , Martín‐Esteban Antonio , Turiel Esther 
Published: April 2022

In this work, the preparation and evaluation of water‐compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for triazines using 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid as comonomers is described. Four sets of molecularly imprinted and non‐imprinted polymers for propazine were prepared at varying monomer molar ratios (from 4:0 to 1:3), and evaluated for the recognition of several triazines directly in aqueous media. The evaluation was performed by loading 1 mL of an aqueous solution containing 500 ng of each selected triazine, washing with 500 μL of acetonitrile, and eluting with 500 μL of methanol followed by 2 × 500 μL of a solution of methanol containing 10% of acetic acid. Final determinations were performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection. Improvement in molecular recognition of triazines in water was obtained on those molecularly imprinted polymers incorporating 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate in 3:1 or 2:2 molar ratios, being the former selected as optimum providing recoveries for propazine up to 80%. A molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction protocol was developed to ensure that triazines‐selective recognition takes place inside selective binding sites in pure water media. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of the selected triazines in environmental waters providing limits of detection from 0.16 and the 0.5 μg/L concentration range.
Associations between therapist factors and treatment efficacy in randomized controlled trials of trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children and youth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Grainger Lauren , Thompson Zoe , Morina Nexhmedin , Hoppen Thole , Meiser‐Stedman Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious research suggests that the effect of therapist factors on patient outcomes is significant. Yet, to date, no reviews have explored the potential effects of therapist characteristics on treatment outcomes for children and youth with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to summarize the professional characteristics of trial therapists delivering trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral interventions (TF‐CBT) for child PTSD in clinical trials and understand the association between treatment efficacy and therapist factors. Systematic searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through November 3, 2020, were conducted; 40 RCTs were included in the full review. PTSD treatment outcome data were extracted from each publication along with any available data regarding trial therapists. Subgroup analyses were conducted to compare the outcomes of interventions conducted by different types of therapists. All therapist groups yielded significant effects for TF‐CBT relative to active and passive control conditions, with the largest effect size, Hedges’ g = −1.11, for RCTs that used clinical psychologists and psychiatrists. A significant moderating effect was found when comparing the treatment outcomes of clinical psychologists and psychiatrists versus other professionals, p = .044; however, this effect was no longer apparent when only studies with an active control arm were included. Further moderator analyses demonstrated no significant differences regarding therapists’ educational and professional backgrounds and PTSD treatment outcomes. The current RCT evidence for TF‐CBT for children and youth with PTSD does not suggest that therapist educational or professional background influences treatment efficacy. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
Implementation of immunohistochemical staining among mohs micrographic surgeons
Authors: Sarlin Samantha K. , Beroukhim Kourosh , Tarantino Isadore , Goldberg Leonard H. , Kimyai‐Asadi Arash 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmunohistochemical staining has been used as part of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) to improve sensitivity for the detection of subtle residual tumors. It is typically used in the histopathologic detection of tumors such as malignant melanoma, extramammary Paget disease, and poorly differentiated and spindle cell neoplasms.Materials and MethodsThe study involved a questionnaire link emailed by the American College of Mohs Surgery to its members. The survey sought demographic information and asked about the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains during fellowship training and in current practice as well as reasons why IHC staining is not incorporated into certain practices. The data were tabulated and analyzed.ResultsA total of 84 surveys were completed. Of these, 30 (35.7%) indicated having received training in IHC during the fellowship, whereas 54 (64.3%) did not. Currently, 32 (38.1%) respondents utilize IHC in their practice, whereas 52 (61.9%) do not. Among those who trained in IHC during the fellowship, 60% (n = 18) continue to utilize IHC, whereas among those whose fellowship did not incorporate IHC, 74.1% (n = 40) do not utilize IHC. A number of different immunostains were reportedly utilized during fellowship and in current practice. Among those not utilizing IHC, the top reasons cited were lack of sufficient volume to justify use (n = 38, 70.3%), cost of implementation (n = 38, 70.3%), the stains being time‐consuming (n = 36, 66.7%), and lack of familiarity with reading immunohistochemical stains (n = 29, 53.7%).ConclusionsThe use of IHC among Mohs surgeons appears to be rising compared to previous historical studies, but significant barriers remain to widespread implementation.
Controlling the number of normal measures at successor cardinals
Authors: Apter Arthur W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe examine the number of normal measures a successor cardinal can carry, in universes in which the Axiom of Choice is false. When considering successors of singular cardinals, we establish relative consistency results assuming instances of supercompactness, together with the Ultrapower Axiom (introduced by Goldberg in [12]). When considering successors of regular cardinals, we establish relative consistency results only assuming the existence of one measurable cardinal. This allows for equiconsistencies.
Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia toward Noninvasive prenatal testing: A single center study
Authors: Akiel Maaged A. , Mohamud Mohamud S. , Masuadi Emad M. , Alamri Hassan S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a screening tool for chromosomal aneuploidies. Prior knowledge of NIPT is an inherent factor in the decision‐making process. We assessed the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women related to prenatal testing with a particular focus on NIPT.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study, using a culturally validated questionnaire, was conducted with 342 pregnant women of whom 74.9% consented for prenatal screening. Mean age and gestational weeks ± standard deviation was 31 ± 5 and 26 ± 11, respectively.ResultsA positive/very positive attitude was observed to ultrasound, followed by FCT, NIPT, and lastly to CVS. More than half of the participants (56.1%) had no previous knowledge of NIPT. A reaching significance association was detected between education and knowledge of NIPT. Significant association was detected between risk for aneuploidy and knowledge of NIPT. The majority (74%) indicated their willingness to perform the test. The effect and value of society on the pregnant women to make a decision regarding NIPT was negligible.ConclusionThe pregnant women in the current study displayed a lack of knowledge and awareness regarding prenatal screening, particularly the NIPT. We recommend that pregnant women receive adequate counseling regarding prenatal screening to increase their awareness and knowledge of prenatal testing, including NIPT.
Establishment of a pure culture of immature Sertoli cells by PDGFRA staining and cell sorting
Authors: Malolina Ekaterina A. , Galiakberova Adelya A. , Dashinimaev Erdem B. , Kulibin Andrey Yu. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSertoli cells are key somatic cells in the testis that form seminiferous tubules and support spermatogenesis. The isolation of pure Sertoli cells is important for their study. However, it is a difficult effort because of the close association of Sertoli cells with peritubular myoid cells surrounding seminiferous tubules. Here, we propose a novel approach to the establishment of a pure Sertoli cell culture from immature mouse testes. It is based on the staining of testicular cells for platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), followed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and culturing of a PDGFRA‐negative cell population. Cells positive for a Sertoli cell marker WT1 accounted for more than 96% of cells in cultures from 6 to 12 days postpartum (dpp) mice. The numbers of peritubular myoid cells identified by ACTA2 staining did not exceed 4%. Cells in the cultures were also positive for Sertoli cell proteins SOX9 and DMRT1. Amh and Hsd17b3 expression decreased and Ar and Gata1 expression increased in 12 dpp cultures compared to 6 dpp cultures, which suggests that cultured Sertoli cells at least partially retained their differentiation status. This method can be employed in various applications including the analysis of differential gene expression and functional studies.
A cell‐centered finite volume formulation of geometrically exact Simo–Reissner beams with arbitrary initial curvatures
Authors: Bali Seevani , Tuković Željko , Cardiff Philip , Ivanković Alojz , Pakrashi Vikram 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article presents a novel total Lagrangian cell‐centered finite volume formulation of geometrically exact beams with arbitrary initial curvatures undergoing large displacements and finite rotations. The choice of rotation parameterization, the mathematical formulation of the beam kinematics, conjugate strain measures, and the linearization of the strong form of governing equations are described. The finite volume based discretization of the computational domain and the governing equations for each computational volume are presented. The discretized integral form of the equilibrium equations is solved using a block‐coupled Newton–Raphson solution procedure. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is presented by comparing the simulated numerical results with classic benchmark test cases available in the literature. The objectivity of strain measures for the current formulation and mesh convergence studies for both initially straight and curved beam configurations are also discussed.
A comprehensive review of current research on various materials used for developing composite bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Authors: Mathew Cijo , Naina Mohamed Samsudeen , Devanathan Lenin Singaravelu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells or proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is a clean, reliable, and efficient power source, especially in fuel cell electric vehicles for converting chemical energy stored in hydrogen and oxygen directly into electrical energy. Bipolar plates (BP) are vital components in PEMFC since they contribute significantly to fuel cells weight, volume, and cost. Traditionally BP was fabricated from high‐density graphite material. However, the drawbacks of graphite plates like high volume, weight, and difficulty in machining lead to research in developing alternative materials for BP. Metals and composite materials have attracted attention as alternative materials in recent studies. Composite BP was preferred more due to corrosion problems and expensive coating requirements of metallic plates. This article presents a comprehensive review of current research on various materials used for developing polymer composite BP. The properties of polymer composite BP made of traditional and recently developed thermosetting or thermoplastic resins reinforced with conductive carbon‐based fillers like expanded graphite, carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube and graphene are discussed. The challenges and future research trends on materials and processes for developing composite BP are also proposed.
Intracranial calcification and psychotic symptoms after irradiation in a patient with Fanconi anemia: A case report
Authors: Iki Soichiro , Shimizu Hitomi , Morimoto Yoshiro , Yamamoto Naoki , Ohashi Aiko , Tayama Tatsuyuki , Imamura Akira , Ozawa Hiroki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Fanconi anemia (FA) are at high risk for the development of malignancies, and are often treated with radiation therapy. Radiation therapy during childhood can cause intracranial calcification after a latent period, which has been associated with psychiatric symptoms. Despite the high sensitivity of patients with FA to radiation, intracranial calcification has rarely been reported in these patients.Case PresentationA 17‐year‐old girl presented with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment. She had been diagnosed with FA at 3 years old, and had received a bone marrow transplant at 5 years old with a preparative regimen that included total body irradiation. Results of IQ tests revealed a characteristic pattern of decline between the ages of 15 and 17 years. Computed tomography indicated multiple intracranial calcifications in regions associated with psychotic symptoms, including the frontal lobe and thalamus. The patient's psychiatric symptoms improved with the administration of blonanserin.LimitationsThe patient did not have regular intracranial imaging, making it difficult to confirm a direct relationship between intracranial calcification, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment. It is unclear whether the intracranial calcification in this case can be explained entirely by irradiation.ConclusionThis case suggests a link between FA, intracranial calcification, and psychosis, in which intracranial calcification may have caused psychiatric symptoms. At present, evidence regarding the characteristics of psychiatric symptoms of intracranial calcification and its treatment is lacking. The current case will be helpful for elucidating the pathogenesis of this disorder and developing appropriate treatment protocols.
High impact strength modified Melamine–Formaldehyde resin with special “building blocks” structure
Authors: Shi Yanqin , Shen Jiaqi , Qiu Tao , Chu Qindan , Chen Si , Ma Meng , He Huiwen , Wang Xu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo kinds of modified melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin with high impact strength were prepared, especially the modified MF resin with the special “building blocks” structure. First, three copolymers (HMM‐PEGDGE, HMM‐PPGDGE, and HMM‐C12‐14AGE) of glycidyl ether [polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE), polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PPGDGE), C12‐14 alkyl glycidyl ether (C12‐14AGE)] and hexahydroxymethyl melamine (HMM) were synthesized and proved by FTIR and 1H NMR. Then, the copolymers were mixed with melamine–formaldehyde resin water solution to prepare samples (EMM1‐PEs, EMM1‐PP, and EMM1‐C12‐14) through drying and hot pressing. The results indicated that the addition of HMM‐PEGDGE could significantly improve the impact strength of EMM1‐PEs, much higher than EMM1‐PP and EMM1‐C12‐14. Meanwhile, PEGDGE was also directly mixed with melamine–formaldehyde resin water solution and made into samples (EMM2‐PEs). The results showed that the impact strength of EMM2‐PEs was also higher than pure MF but lower than EMM1‐PEs. The impact strength of EMM1‐PE‐20 reached 9.46 kJ/m2, about two times that of pure MF. The mechanism of EMM1‐PEs with high impact strength was ascribed to the special “building blocks” structure, which had the flexible HMM‐PEGDGE block, could cause many cracks because of the poor compatibility between HMM‐PEGDGE and melamine–formaldehyde resin.