bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Art of Leadership – An Understanding
Authors: Mbutu Paul , Mongare Walter 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to give a general overview of the term “leadership” as used and explained by different authors and how it is situated in the context of group or organizational communication. I will attempt to give various definitions of key terms and concepts used in leadership discourse. Key questions like; what is leadership? What does it mean? Who is a leader? What does a leader do? Types of leaders and types of leadership styles or approaches will be explored.
Methodology: The paper adopted a desktop methodology research design. Key words such as leadership styles, leadership, leader, leadership approaches, and leadership communication skills were used to source published papers from popular search engines such as google and scholar. The published papers were then assessed for quality and those found relevant were used to generate results. The type of data analysis method used was qualitative data analysis. Specifically, content analysis was used to identify key themes and research gaps from papers.
Findings: Transformational leadership was found to be a critical fundamental tool, particularly in the concept of getting others to buy into necessary changes in the environment, such as workplaces, communities, and government institutions. Another finding is that leadership is the transformational credibility and capacity of men and women in institutions, communities, regions, nations, and international settings to influence people emotionally, intellectually, relationally, and willfully toward shared vision, purpose, mission, goals, objectives and activities. Therefore, any leader taking up this model must continue to be an inspiring presence, one who leads by example and is responsible for motivating others. It appears to be a form of leadership well-suited to these current times characterized by uncertainty, and societal instability.
Unique contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The paper sheds light on the role that leader’s personal communication skills play in leadership. Transformational leadership is a theoretical dimension to leadership styles and types that merits consideration. Policy makers may prescribe the need for transformational leadership in the various policy documents such as the constitution sections which advocate for leadership and governance among public and private institutions. Leaders in all fora could apply transformational leadership in a bid to improve leader-follower performance outcomes.
The life course of caregivers of patients with chronic disease in Tiznit- Morocco: Case of hemodialysis.
Authors: Elbouzidi Mohamed , MAHDANE Mhamed 
Published: April 2022

Chronic diseases, including end-stage renal disease, are a health problem. Without the voluntary involvement of caregivers and their assistance, the management of these diseases is beyond the capacity of the health care system. Although the caregiving function offers a sense of usefulness and satisfaction, it can be a heavy burden. This can hurt all aspects of the caregiver's life course.
our study aims to describe the life course of caregivers of patients with a chronic disease, the case of hemodialysis patients, in Tiznit, Morocco.
Data collection is carried out by a semi-structured interview guide with 37 participants. The main results show that the life course of caregivers of people with chronic disease is impacted by hemodialysis. Indeed, the disease influences negatively all spheres of their daily life including the physical sphere with sleep disorders and fatigue, the psychological sphere with a feeling of shock and fear, and the social sphere with the feeling of isolation.
In this sense, this paper aims to highlight the importance of the problem of caregivers of people with hemodialysis in Tiznit, Morocco.
Similarly, to improve the care of patients with chronic diseases, it is important to take into account the life course of family caregivers. They play an essential role in the care of patients and make a considerable contribution through their emotional, moral, and material support to the person being cared for, as well as through the time they devote to the patients, in the tasks and acts of daily life that they perform for them.

Keywords: caregivers, chronic illness, Life course, hemodialysis patients.
الإفصاح المحاسبي عن الصكوك الخضراء كأداة لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة
Authors: بالحاج إياد 
Published: April 2022

حظي الإفصاح المحاسبي عن عناصر التنمية المستدامة بشكلٍ عام على اهتمام كبير من قبل البحاث الأكاديميين، وذلك بازدياد الاهتمام بأبعاد التنمية المستدامة .(SD) وقد قدمت الأدبيات السابقة دولية كانت أم محلية باختلاف نتائجها رؤى قيمة حول الدور الكبير الذي يلعبه الإفصاح المحاسبي عن الأداء الاقتصادي، الاجتماعي، والبيئي في تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة (SDGs)، غير أن الإفصاح المحاسبي عن الصكوك الخضراء أُهمل بحثياً، وباعتبار أن الصكوك الخضراء هي إحدى الممارسات الحديثة للتنمية المستدامة، فإن الدراسة الحالية استجابت لهذا الفراغ البحثي، حيث تهدف إلى التعرف على الدور الذي يلعبه الإفصاح المحاسبي عن الصكوك الخضراء في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة. استخدمت الدراسة التكامل بين كل من المنهج الاستقرائي، والمنهج الاستنباطي، والمنهج التاريخي، والمنهج الوصفي. وقد تم جمع البيانات الأساسية بواسطة استبانة تم تطويرها خصيصاً لغرض الدراسة. وبعد تحليل البيانات الإحصائية لعدد (24) استجابة جمعت من المحاسبين العاملين بمصرف اليقين، أظهرت النتائج بشكلٍ عام اتجاه إيجابي حول الدور الذي يلعبه الإفصاح المحاسبي عن الصكوك الخضراء في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة. حيث كان للإفصاح المحاسبي عن الصكوك الخضراء دور إيجابي في تحسين السياسية التمويلية للمصرف لدعم التنمية المستدامة، ومساعدته في اتخاذ قرار استمرارية التمويل لدعم المشاريع البيئية، كما أنه يحقق الربحية للمصرف ويساهم في تحسين أدائه. استخلصت الدراسة نموذج مقترح يمكن المصارف بشكلٍ عام من اتخاذ قرارات أكثر فعالية حول إصدار الصكوك الخضراء بهدف خدمة البيئة والتنمية المستدامة، وقد اعتمد هذا النموذج في أساسه على معرفة الجهة المصدرة للصكوك الخضراء لأربعة عوامل أساسية يجب توفرها لدى المنظمة المستفيدة وهي (التوجه البيئي للمنظمة، أنشطتها السابقة الداعمة للبيئة، خططها المستقبلية، ودراستها لتوظيف التمويل الأخضر).
THE FREQUENCY, TYPES AND RISK FACTORS OF URINARY INCONTINENCE IN WOMEN PRESENTING TO THE GYNAECOLOGY OUTPATIENTS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Fahim Fouzia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:

Objectives:

To determine the frequency of urinary incontinence and analyze the risk factors associated with it.

Design:

This was a cross sectional study.

Place and duration of study:

It was conducted at consultant clinics of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, between October 2019 to September 2020.

Methodology:

560 women aged more than 18 years were interviewed through a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained information regarding Age, Parity, BMI, Urinary Incontinence, Stress Incontinence, Urge Incontinence, Mixed Incontinence.

Results:

The overall prevalence of urinary incontinence was 32.5% (n=182) and showed an increasing trends with age, BMI and parity. The mean age of the sample was 46.16 years, mean BMI of 28.90 kg/m2 and mean parity of 4.28. Final logistic regression model showed that increasing age, BMI and parity were associated with increased odds of having urinary incontinence. The distribution of urge urinary incontinence, stress urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence was 40.11% (n=73), 35.71% (n=65), 24.73% (n=45) respectively. Mixed urinary incontinence was predominant in older women. Urge incontinence was more prevalent in women with higher BMI whereas stress urinary incontinence had a significant association with parity.

Conclusion:
Almost one-third of the women attending consultant gynaecological clinics had some form of urinary incontinence. All types of urinary incontinence risk was a function of age, BMI and parity.
MATERNAL HEALTH CARE IN TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN TERMS OF MATERNAL NEAR MISSES (MNM) INDICATORS.
Authors: ZAHOOR FARNAZ , Fahim Fouzia 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To assess maternal health care by proxy indicators in terms of frequency of near misses, Maternal Near Miss (MNM) ratio and Mortality Index in a tertiary care, Lady Reading, hospital.

Methodology:
It was a Cross-sectional descriptive case study conducted in Obstetrics A unit of Lady Reading Hospital from January, 2019 to December, 2019.The WHO near miss “severe maternal complication” based inclusion criteria was used for case identification. The study population consisted of all women who were admitted during pregnancy, labor, or within the first 42 days of postpartum to our unit. Outcome was measured using the three indicators i.e. the mortality indices, maternal mortality ratio, mortality to near miss ratio, near miss cases/1000 deliveries

Results:
Total cases included in this study were 10439. The total Maternal Near Miss cases were 1776 (1.84%). Maternal Near Miss Rate MNMR was calculated as 170 per 1000 live births. There were 44 total maternal deaths, and maternal mortality rate was calculated as 421 per 100,000 live births. The Maternal Near Miss to Mortality ratio was 41:1. Mortality Index was 2.5%.

Conclusion: Our hospital has a higher maternal near miss to mortality ratio of 41:1 showing good maternal care management. The WHO near miss indicators can be used in tertiary care care settings to evaluate the standard of care especially so in developing countries like Pakistan.

Keywords: maternal near-miss, near miss indicators mortality index, maternal mortality.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT EXERCISE THERAPIES ON OBSTRUCTION, DYSPNEA, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN COPD PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Khan Fouzia Hussain , Shaikh Hajra Ameer , Ahmed Aribah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death and it causes pulmonary and extrapulmonary symptoms, also impacts the quality of life. Rigorous evidence on manual and mechanical chest physiotherapy is still scarce. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the effects of different exercise therapies on obstruction, dyspnea and quality of life in obstructive patients.
Materials and Methods: Databases such as Medline, BioMed Central, CINHAL and Cochrane were reviewed. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials published from 2011 to 2020, to evaluate the effects of exercise therapies on obstruction, dyspnea and quality of life in obstructive patients. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane tool.
Results: Most of the trials supported the effectiveness of mechanical chest physiotherapy in improving obstruction, dyspnea and quality of life.
Conclusion: High-to-moderate evidence shows that mechanical chest physiotherapy is useful in the improvement of obstruction, dyspnea and quality of life in obstructive patients.

Keywords: Borg dyspnea scale, COPD, High-frequency chest wall oscillation, mMRC dyspnea scale, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, Spirometry
BIOMECHANICAL CHANGES IN THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANT FEMALES IN COMPARISON WITH NON PREGNANT FEMALES OF SAME AGE GROUP
Authors: Zia Aneela , Asif Rida , Khalid Amna , Sheraz Suman , Razzaq Ayesha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: During pregnancy, women experience several changes in the body’s physiology, morphology, and hormonal system which lead to biomechanical changes for example range of motion at cervical, lumbar, gait patterns and foot position, which is considered as a part of normal postural adaptations.
Objective: To determine biomechanical variations between third trimester pregnant women and the non-pregnant women in terms of range of motion at the cervical and the lumbar spine, step length, stride length, speed and number of steps, arch height and anatomic position of foot.
Methodology: It was a comparative cross sectional had a sample size 210 comprising of 69 pregnant females and 141 non pregnant females aging between 18 to 35 yrs. Assessment was done by using an iPhone®5S I handy level© app for measuring the range of motion at the cervical and lumbar spine. A 6” by 6” POP sheet for measuring step length, stride length, number of steps and speed and navicular drop test for arch height and anatomic position of foot respectively.
Results: In the assessment of cervical and lumbar flexion and extension range of motion the non-pregnant females group had greater range in both flexion and extension than pregnant females with the P value <0.01. Pregnant females presented with the low arch height, pronated foot, decreased step length, stride length and speed than non-pregnant having P <0.001.
Conclusion: Pregnant females had reduced range of motion at cervical and lumbar spine, a drop in arch height, pronated foot position, a decrease in speed, step and stride length was observed in comparison to the non-pregnant females of the same age group.
EPILEPSY IN THE CONSANGUINEOUS FAMILIES AT TRIBAL SOCIETY OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA-PAKISTAN
Authors: BADSHAH NOOR , AHMAD SOHAIL , Khan Sher Hayat , Qureshi Shakoor Ahmad , Sarwar Muhammad Tahir 
Published: April 2022

Consanguineous marriages are practiced worldwide but very common as social characteristic norms of the tribal society of Pakistan and have reached (~63%). Couples are married within the blood relatives, inheriting different genetic disorders including epilepsy in their offspring.
Objectives: The present work is the ever first attempt to reaffirm the association between epilepsy disease (ED) and consanguinity in the Tribal Society of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan.
Methodology: Approximately, 150 clinically diagnosed epileptic patients of consanguineous families aging around 20 years were included. Children in this study were aging 7-10 years and male to female ratio among the patients was 1:1.5. The target familial cases were included based on sex, age, parental consanguinity, seizure type, cause of epilepsy, and family history. The parents were interviewed to collect the required information after informed consent. Non-consanguineous families, patients with acquired causes, and those who were not willingly participated were excluded from the study.
Results: Statistical analysis while applying Odds Ratio (OR), Z-test, and Chi-Square, showed significant findings (P< 0.01). For the first and second-degree cousins, the Odds Ratio and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were done. In the current study, the consanguinity in parents of epileptic patients was compared with the general population. Generally, 56 (37.33%) of the patient’s parents were first cousins with (OR=3.245 and 95%-CI=2.26-4.645 and P<0.0001), 24 (16.00%) were second-degree cousins with (OR=3.269 and 95%-CI=2.032-5.258 and P<0.0001) and 70 (46.66%) were unrelated.
Conclusion: The overall consanguinity parentage with (OR=3.252 and 95%-CI=2.345-4.510 and P<0.0001) clearly indicates the potential role of heritage lineage/consanguinity in epilepsy within the consanguineous families.
The present statistical study supports genetic counseling before marriages. More significant genotype-phenotype correlation is also needed to minimize the risk of epilepsy disease.
Kastrasyon Duyarlı Metastatik Prostat Kanserinde İki Prognostik Belirteç: ALP ve Gleason Skoru
Authors: YILDIRIM Serkan , ERDOĞAN Atike Pinar 
Published: April 2022

GİRİŞ
Prostat kanseri tanısı konulduktan sonra dünyada yaygın olarak Gleason skoru bu hastalığı patolojik olarak sınıflamak için kullanılmaktadır. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) primer olarak karaciğer ve kemikten kaynaklanmaktadır. Sağlıklı insanlarda kemik kaynaklı ALP yaklaşık %40-50 civarındadır. Kemik metastazı olan prostat kanserinde yaygın karaciğer tutulumu yoksa ALP yüksekliğinin kaynağı bu kemik tutulumudur. Bu iki prognostik belirtecin kastrasyon sensitif kemik metastazları bulunan hastalarda ayrı ayrı ve biribiri ile olan ilişkileri araştırmak amacıyla retrospektif çalışmamızı dizayn ettik.
MATERYAL-METOD
Çalışmamız retrospektif ve Türkiyeden 5 merkezin katıldığı çok merkezli bir çalışmadır. Bu merkezlere başvuran hastaların dosyaları incelenmiştir
SONUÇLAR
Toplam 138 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Gleason skoru 9-10 olan hasta sayısı 75, ≤8 hasta sayısı 60 idi. Gleason skoru ≤8 olan grubun genel sağ kalımı istatistiki anlamlı şekilde daha uzun olarak saptandı (Gleason 9-10 vs ≤8, 63.73 ay vs 40.93 ay)(p=0,021). Sadece ALP düşük olan Gleason skoru 9-10 olan hastalarla , ≤8 olan hastalar arasında ise istatistiki anlamlı olarak sağ kalım farkı bulunmakta idi (Gleason 9-10 vs ≤8, 41.87 ay vs 76.2 ay)(p=0,025).
NETİCE
Metastatik kastrasyon duyarlı hastalarda ALP ve Gleason skoru prognozu belirleme amacıyla kullanılabilirler. Ancak Gleason skoru, daha çok ALP düzeyi belirlenen cutoff değerinin altındaki hastalarda prognozu belirlemek için kullanılabilir.
Promoting Health, Human Capital, and Gender Issues in Africa
Authors: Dunn Leith , Fasanmi Abidemi 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to reduce social, economic, political, and environmental inequalities that undermine commitments to human rights and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The crisis has created opportunities to create more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable models of economic development that are linked to social and environmental factors. This introduction to the Special Issue on Health, Human Capital, and Gender Issues in Africa, provides a multidisciplinary review of the literature. It establishes a global, regional, and national framework to understand and interpret the three themes and the articles that were submitted. It shares the many development challenges in Africa, prior to and since the COVID-19 pandemic, but also highlights the many innovations, policy initiatives, and perspectives of African countries and African institutions, as well as multilateral and other development partners. Authors of the eight articles have provided valuable insights into the multidimensional challenges facing several African countries using diverse methodologies. Their research and recommendations serve as a guide to policy makers, researchers, and development practitioners in various disciplines and sectors, to find policy solutions that are rights-based, gender-sensitive, equitable, and sustainable.
Does Akan Literacy Influence Households’ Income?
Authors: Amponsah Samuel , Koga Kyoko 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The empirical work in this article addresses the hypothesis that Akan literacy influences household income. The study utilizes data from the 2016/2017 Ghana Living Standards Survey and employs both ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regression model techniques. This study finds that literacy in Akan is associated with higher household income. Also, after accounting for ethnicity, returns to biliteracy in Akan and English are higher than returns to monoliteracy in English or Akan. The authors compared their main result and the results of the interaction of ethnicity and biliteracy. Findings showed higher returns to Akan households compared to non-Akan households. Akan literacy created a larger income differential within Akan households. The income gap was about 133% for the 10th quantile. Findings also indicated an income gap of about 35% for the same quantile between Akan and non-Akan households.
These findings provide promising and encouraging evidence that comprehensive implementation of Akan and other indigenous Ghanaian language programs in Ghana can eliminate household income gaps and help individuals to fully utilize their human capital.
COVID-19, Trade Disruptions, and Gender: A Survey of the Potential Interactions and Consequences for Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Panda Pallavi 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to significantly reduce trade flows due to global trade restrictions and economic lockdowns. The impact of a trade disruption is, however, not gender neutral. In developing countries, women form the majority of low-skilled and labor-intensive jobs in the export sector that are most affected by the pandemic. This article is based on a literature review that explores research on the gendered implications of trade on economic development. It also discusses the effects of previous epidemics on health and human capital in Africa. It outlines the various channels through which a pandemic-induced trade shock could have and has had ripple effects on African women. It provides some early evidence on the gendered impact of the current pandemic. Analysis of the literature reviewed highlights the importance of collecting and using gender-disaggregated trade data to devise socioeconomic and export trade policies in the short-term and long-term to protect vulnerable populations including women. The article concludes that the pandemic can be used as an opportunity for sub-Saharan Africa countries to build back better after COVID-19 by strengthening intraregional trade through the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), investing in removal of gender-specific barriers facing female traders and entrepreneurs, and promoting gender mainstreaming in trade to drive sustainable development and sow the seeds of future resilience.
Impact of nursing instructions on selected outcomes among patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Elkader Rehab Mohamed Abd , Morsy Nagat Saaed El , El- Naby Amel Gomaa Abd , Mashhour Karim Nabil 
Published: April 2022

Treatment of head and neck cancer with radiotherapy becoming increasingly effective but may result in several undesired complications as oral mucositis, xerostomia, dysphagia, trismus, mucosal infections, and pain. These complications can lead to marked weight loss and nutrient deficiencies because of decreased oral intake rate. So, it is important to provide patients with nursing instructions through patient education and dietary modifications to prevent or decrease theses complications. Was to evaluate the impact of nursing instructions on selected patients’ outcomes (oral mucositis, oral pain, weight loss and the results of laboratory studies (hemoglobin and albumin) among patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy. Non-equivalent control group time series qausi-experimental design was used. The study was carried out at the oncology unit in kaser El -Aini Hospital. Cairo University. A convenient sample of 80 patients with head and neck cancer was recruited for this study from the selected oncology unit. Four tools were used to collect data: Demographic and Medical Background Information Form, National Cancer Institute Scoring for Mucositis (NCI-CTC V4), The Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) and weight scale. Results supported the stated research hypotheses.
Application of mathematical model using advanced programming languages to estimate lake pollution
Authors: Dighe P. M. , Pondhe G. M. , Dhere A. M. 
Published: April 2022

The goal of this article is to develop an online simulation of lake pollution. The mathematical model for detecting the load of various pollutants in a lake was developed earlier. Through this model, different pollutants are disseminated throughout the lake and their discharge is calculated. Manual arithmetic calculations were possible, but they had many limitations due to the logarithmic equations as well as the length of time it took. In order to accomplish this, C++ and Java were used to create the Lake Pollution Model. A manual scientific calculation has been used to calibrate this model, which has an error of 0.114 to 0.25 mg/L. Based on the results, it can generate lake pollution output in a very short amount of time without involving scientific calculations.
The sovereign of the jungles, or the tiger image in folklore of Vietnam
Authors: Legostaeva Albina S. 
Published: April 2022

The tiger image has become an integral part of world art and literature. No artists and poets could remain indifferent to its regal appearance and gracious movements, deceptive calmness and sudden transformation into a vicious predator; and they devoted their works to this animal.
Using rare matters connected with superstitions and folklore of Vietnam, the author observes the relations of the tiger and the human and determines its place in spiritual life and oral tradition of the Vietnamese.