bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages of vitrification preservation in assisted reproduction and potential influences on imprinted genes
Authors: Chen Huanhuan , Zhang Lei , Meng Li , Liang Linlin , Zhang Cuilian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCryopreservation has important application in assisted reproductive technology (ART). The vitrification technique has been widely used in the cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos, as a large number of clinical results and experimental studies have shown that vitrification can achieve a higher cell survival rate and preimplantation development rate and better pregnancy outcomes. Ovarian tissue vitrification is an alternative method to slow freezing that causes comparatively less damage to the original follicular DNA. At present, sperm preservation mainly adopts slow freezing or rapid freezing (LN2 vapor method), although the vitrification method can achieve higher sperm motility after warming. However, due to the use of high-concentration cryoprotectants and ultra-rapid cooling, vitrification may cause strong stress to gametes, embryos and tissue cells, resulting in potentially adverse effects. Imprinted genes are regulated by epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, and show single allele expression. Their accurate regulation and correct expression are very important for the placenta, fetal development and offspring health. Considering that genome imprinting is very sensitive to changes in the external environment, we comprehensively summarized the effect of cryopreservation—especially the vitrification method in ART—on imprinted genes. Animal studies have found that the vitrification of oocytes and embryos can have a significant impact on some imprinted genes and DNA methylation, but the few studies in humans have reported almost no influence, which need to be further explored. This review provides useful information for the safety assessment and further optimization of the current cryopreservation techniques in ART.
Comparison of two alcohol hand rubbing techniques regarding hand surface coverage among hospital workers: a quasi-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Suzuki Yumi , Morino Motoko , Morita Ichizo , Ohiro Sumie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The adapted 6-step without interlock (A6Sw/oI) hand rub technique, commonly practiced in Japan, adds the “wrist” but omits the “interlock” step compared to the WHO 6-step technique (WHO6S). The first objective of this study was to assess the differences of the two techniques regarding surface coverage. The second objective was to analyze the coverage differences between hand sizes.

Methods
Hospital workers went under stratified quasi-randomization by glove size. The overall mean coverage, and the coverage of the sections of the hands were evaluated by fluorescent dye-based coverage assessment using a digital device with artificial intelligence technology.

Results
Total of 427 workers were randomly allocated to WHO6S (N = 215) or the A6Sw/oI (N = 212). The overall mean dorsum coverage by WHO6S and A6Sw/oI was 90.6% versus 88.4% (p < 0.01), and the percentage of the participants with insufficient coverage of the backs of the four fingers ranged from 0.0–7.4% versus 28.2–51.4% (p < 0.001). Dorsum coverage varied largely between hand size for both techniques, and significant differences were found between small and large hands.

Conclusion
The WHO6S was superior to the locally adapted technique regarding hand surface coverage. Hand size should be considered when assessing coverage differences between procedures.
No trial registrations or fundings.
PFO morphology for evaluation of c-TCD and c-TTE RLS grades
Authors: Tian Jiali , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to observe the morphologic characteristics of patent foramen ovale (PFO) by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and to analyze its correlation with right-to-left shunt (RLS) of contrast-transthoracic echocardiography (c-TTE) and contrast-transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (c-TCD).

Methods
124 patients with PFO were divided into four groups according to the morphological characteristics of PFO. RLS grade of each group PFO with c-TTE and c-TCD in resting and Valsalva manoeuvre was measured. Anatomical structures influencing RLS grade were analyzed statistically through multivariate logistic analyses and predictive models.

Results
The 124 cases of PFO were divided into four groups: 55 cases (44.4%) with smooth uniform tubular tunnel (SUT), 21 cases (16.9%) with granule uniform tubular tunnel (GUT), 23 cases (18.5%) of right funnelform, 25 cases (20.2%) of left funnelform. Between group comparisons and multivariate logistic analyses revealed that PFO morphotype and interatrial septum(IAS) mobility were influencing factors of RLS degree. During Valsalva, the probability of c-TCD RLS ≥ 2 for the right funnelform PFO was 13.428 times that of the GUT, one unit increase in IAS mobility increased the probability of c-TCD RLS ≥ 2 by a factor of 2.029, model predicted c-TCD RLS ≥ 2 with 78.1% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity; During Valsalva, the probability of c-TCD RLS ≥ 2 for the SUT PFO was 4.244 times that of the GUT, one unit increase in IAS mobility increased the probability of c-TTE RLS ≥ 2 by a factor of 2.392, model predicted c-TTE RLS ≥ 2 with 80.2% sensitivity and 87.9% specificity.

Conclusions
Studies have shown that the morphological structure of PFO is an influencing factor of RLS, and TEE can observe the specific morphological characteristics of PFO, which can further predict the level of RLS, help predict the occurrence of Cryptogenic stroke (CS). The above provides more evidences and surgical options for Interventional device closure indications.
Characterization of diazotrophic root endophytes in Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis)
Authors: Li Yongbin , Yang Rui , Häggblom Max M. , Li Mengyan , Guo Lifang , Li Baoqin , Kolton Max , Cao Zhiguo , Soleimani Mohsen , Chen Zheng , Xu Zhimin , Gao Wenlong , Yan Bei , Sun Weimin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Phytoremediation is a potentially cost-effective way to remediate highly contaminated mine tailing sites. However, nutrient limitations, especially the deficiency of nitrogen (N), can hinder the growth of plants and impair the phytoremediation of mine tailings. Nevertheless, pioneer plants can successfully colonize mine tailings and exhibit potential for tailing phytoremediation. Diazotrophs, especially diazotrophic endophytes, can promote the growth of their host plants. This was tested in a mine-tailing habitat by a combination of field sampling, DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) analysis, and pot experiments.

Results
Bacteria belonging to the genera Herbaspirillum, Rhizobium, Devosia, Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, and Delftia are crucial endophytes for Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis) grown in the tailing, the model pioneer plant selected in this study. Further, DNA-SIP using 15N2 identified Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Exiguobacterium as putative diazotrophic endophytes of M. sinensis. Metagenomic-binning suggested that these bacteria contained essential genes for nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion. Finally, two diazotrophic endophytes Rhizobium sp. G-14 and Pseudomonas sp. Y-5 were isolated from M. sinensis. Inoculation of another pioneer plant in mine tailings, Bidens pilosa, with diazotrophic endophytes resulted in successful plant colonization, significantly increased nitrogen fixation activity, and promotion of plant growth.

Conclusions
This study indicated that diazotrophic endophytes have the potential to promote the growth of pioneer plant B. pilosa in mine tailings.
Behavioural flexibility in an Arctic seabird using two distinct marine habitats to survive the energetic constraints of winter
Authors: Patterson Allison , Gilchrist H. Grant , Robertson Gregory J. , Hedd April , Fifield David A. , Elliott Kyle H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Homeothermic marine animals in Polar Regions face an energetic bottleneck in winter. The challenges of short days and cold temperatures are exacerbated for flying seabirds with small body size and limited fat stores. We use biologging approaches to examine how habitat, weather, and moon illumination influence behaviour and energetics of a marine bird species, thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia).

Methods
We used temperature-depth-light recorders to examine strategies murres use to survive winter in the Northwest Atlantic, where contrasting currents create two distinct marine habitats: cold (−0.1 ± 1.2 °C), shallower water along the Labrador Shelf and warmer (3.1 ± 0.3 °C), deep water in the Labrador Basin.

Results
In the cold shelf water, murres used a high-energy strategy, with more flying and less diving each day, resulting in high daily energy expenditure and also high apparent energy intake; this strategy was most evident in early winter when day lengths were shortest. By contrast, murres in warmer basin water employed a low-energy strategy, with less time flying and more time diving under low light conditions (nautical twilight and night). In warmer basin water, murres increased diving at night when the moon was more illuminated, likely taking advantage of diel vertically migrating prey. In warmer basin water, murres dove more at night and foraging efficiency increased under negative North Atlantic Oscillation (calmer ocean conditions).

Conclusions
The proximity of two distinct marine habitats in this region allows individuals from a single species to use dual (low-energy/high-energy) strategies to overcome winter energy bottlenecks.
Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of digital hearing aids in patients with tinnitus and hearing loss: a randomised feasibility trial (THE HUSH Trial)
Authors: Haines Rachel H. , Hepburn Trish , Tan Wei , Jackson Clare , Lathe James , White Jennifer , Almey Christine , Nicholson Richard , Stockdale David , Leighton Paul , James Marilyn , Sereda Magdalena 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Education and advice is provided for tinnitus management in all UK audiology clinics. Sound therapy, including provision of hearing aids may be offered, but this is often dependent on a clinician’s decision rather than UK policy. This inconsistent management reflects a lack of evidence around the effectiveness of hearing aids for tinnitus. This open-label, two-arm multicentre randomised controlled feasibility trial gathered data around recruitment, acceptability and outcome assessments to determine the feasibility of conducting a large randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of hearing aids for tinnitus management.

Methods
Adults referred to audiology for tinnitus, with an aidable hearing loss were recruited at five UK audiology clinics. They were randomised 1:1 to either education and advice (treatment as usual (TAU), n = 41) or TAU plus hearing aids (n = 42). Outcomes were collected by questionnaires 12 weeks after randomisation. After participation, interviews were conducted with a subset of both participants and clinicians from each trial centre.

Results
Eighty three participants from five sites were randomised. Non-aidable hearing loss was the main reason for ineligibility to participate in the trial reported by the sites. Seventy three percent of participants returned the 12-week questionnaires, with return rates by site ranging from 61 to 100%. Fifteen out of 33 participants (45%) reported using hearing aids for the clinician-recommended time, or longer, during the day. The Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) was the outcome measure most responsive to change. The majority of participants also agreed it was relevant to their tinnitus and hearing loss. Qualitative data demonstrated that the trial was acceptable to participants. Feedback from clinicians revealed a potential lack of equipoise. It also highlighted the differences in referral and treatment pathways between departments and differences in audiometric criteria for fitting hearing aids. Health economic measures were well completed for those returned. No change in health-related quality of life was observed. Costs were higher in the intervention arm, but self-reports of healthcare service use indicated participant confusion in treatment pathways.

Conclusions
This feasibility trial is the first step towards obtaining high quality evidence to determine potential clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of hearing aids for tinnitus versus usual care. A definitive trial was deemed to be feasible, with some modifications based on feasibility findings and using the TFI as the primary outcome.
This trial was funded by the National Institute for Health Research, Research for Patient Benefit Programme (PB-PG-0816–20,014) and registered with ISRCTN (ISRCTN14218416).
Altered gene expression in human brain microvascular endothelial cells in response to the infection of influenza H1N1 virus
Authors: Higazy Doaa , Lin Xianwu , Xie Tanghui , Wang Ke , Gao Xiaochen , Cui Min 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInfluenza viruses not only cause respiratory illness, but also have been reported to elicit neurological manifestations following acute viral infection. The central nervous system (CNS) has a specific defense mechanism against pathogens structured by cerebral microvasculature lined with brain endothelial cells to form the blood–brain barrier (BBB). To investigate the response of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) to the Influenza A virus (IAV), we inoculated the cells with the A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus. We then conducted an RNAseq experiment to determine the changes in gene expression levels and the activated disease pathways following infection. The analysis revealed an effective activation of the innate immune defense by inducing the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Along with the production of proinflammatory cytokines, we detected an upregulation of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes, such as IFN-β/λ, ISG15, CXCL11, CXCL3 and IL-6, etc. Moreover, infected hBMECs exhibited a disruption in the cytoskeletal structure both on the transcriptomic and cytological levels. The RNAseq analysis showed different pathways and candidate genes associated with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases, together with a predicted activation of the neuroglia. Likewise, some genes linked with the mitochondrial structure and function displayed a significantly altered expression. En masse, this data supports that hBMECs could be infected by the IAV, which induces the innate and inflammatory immune response. The results suggest that the influenza virus infection could potentially induce a subsequent aggravation of neurological disorders.
Current Controversies in Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Reducing Overtreatment in an Era of Overdiagnosis
Authors: Ullmann Timothy M , Papaleontiou Maria , Sosa Julie Ann 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Context
Low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is overdiagnosed, but true incidence has increased as well. Owing to its excellent prognosis with low morbidity and mortality, balancing treatment risks with risks of disease progression can be challenging, leading to several areas of controversy.

Evidence Acquisition
This mini-review is an overview of controversies and difficult decisions around the management of all stages of low-risk DTC, from diagnosis through treatment and follow-up. In particular, overdiagnosis, active surveillance vs surgery, extent of surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment, thyrotropin suppression, and postoperative surveillance are discussed.

Evidence Synthesis
Recommendations regarding the diagnosis of DTC, the extent of treatment for low-risk DTC patients, and the intensity of posttreatment follow-up have all changed substantially in the past decade. While overdiagnosis remains a problem, there has been a true increase in incidence as well. Treatment options range from active surveillance of small tumors to total thyroidectomy followed by RAI in select cases. Recommendations for long-term surveillance frequency and duration are similarly broad.

Conclusion
Clinicians and patients must approach each case in a personalized and nuanced fashion to select the appropriate extent of treatment on an individual basis. In areas of evidential equipoise, data regarding patient-centered outcomes may help guide decision-making.
The effect of plant-based dietary supplements on weight reduction and the regulation of metabolism
Authors: Mizera Krzysztof Maciej , Mizera Justyna 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: As overweight and obesity have become a disease of civilization, more and more people try to accelerate weight reduction in various ways. One of the methods used is the use of dietary supplements.
Methods: 30 overweight or obese people took part in the study. At the beginning and at the end of the study, each participant was measured and weighed on a professional Tanita DC-360 body composition analyzer. The age in both groups was similar - the average was about 37 years old, height and weight in the group of men was greater. The subjects used the dietary supplement for 6 weeks. At that time, they did not take any other dietary supplements, followed the diet as before, did not consume caffeine and did not undertake any physical activity at that time.
Results: There were significant differences in the results between men and women for the field of physical. Women had a significantly higher result, which means that they were more susceptible to the effects of supplements. Individuals who achieved a weight loss score significantly higher for the field of physical.
It also turned out that although weight loss and the absence of gastrointestinal problems during supplementation were observed in both groups, they occurred in a greater amount in women than in men, and the differences these were statistically significant. Higher effectiveness among women may be the result of differences in the functioning of the endocrine system, although it is certainly worth taking a closer look at this issue. 40% of respondents did not notice any weight loss while taking supplementation.
Conclusions: Plant-based supplements reduce body weight and metabolism, and may also alleviate gastrointestinal discomfort. In addition, they improve digestion in general, increase vitality and, to a small extent, may contribute to the improvement of the immune system.
The problem of tissue and organ transplantation in the light of the dogma of world religions
Authors: Chatys Klaudia Magdalena , Pawłowski Piotr , Widłak Karolina , Ziętara Karolina , Kościołek Aneta , Adamska–Kuźmicka Iwona , Jakubowska Klaudia 
Published: November 2022

Background: Transplantation affects almost everyone, often affecting many almost directly, whether as donor or recipient. The presence of an incurable disease, failure, or irreversible damage to a particular organ leads the patient and his or her treatment team to seek effective life-saving methods, including the possibility of tissue or organ transplantation. The development of the field of transplantology has enabled many patients to continue living. Paradoxically, the death of one person can offer life to another.
Aim of the study: To analyse the attitude towards transplantation about the dogmas of the main world religions.
Material and method: A non-systematic review of Polish and English-language scientific literature was carried out according to keywords: transplantation, transplantology, religion, denomination, and attitude. No time or methodological limitation (quantitative, qualitative, etc.) was indicated to qualify publications for review. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
Results and conclusions: The Catholic Church, the Protestant Church, the Orthodox Church, Islam, Judaism, and Jehovah's Witnesses do not directly oppose organ transplantation, although some denominations place certain conditions on the acceptance of transplantation. Gypsies, followers of Confucianism and Shintoism are opposed to performing transplants from deceased persons. The religions presented do not promote among their followers either to be donors or recipients of transplants. The level of transplantation worldwide varies. So far, there is a perception that undergoing this procedure is against one's religion and tradition.
Atypical age of onset of the small bowel adenocarcinoma – case report
Authors: Szklener Katarzyna , Maciąg Maria , Marczak Aleksandra , Margas Mikołaj , Mańdziuk Sławomir 
Published: November 2022

Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor, with the typical age of diagnosis being 60 years old. In the field of risk factors, we can distinguish, between genetic disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases, smoking, and alcohol abuse. Guidelines for the screening methods are very wide, hence it may be difficult to make the right diagnosis at the early stages of cancer. Additional difficulties can be caused by similarities to inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract.
Case report: We present a case of a 22-year-old male patient, with the symptoms of weight loss, stool retention, abdominal pain, and vomiting. The patient was initially misdiagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and received the first dose of anti-inflammatory treatment. At that point, the diagnostic process and the workflow of medical care were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After receiving the x-ray and computed tomography, the obstruction of the ileum was found, and an urgent operation was performed. Tissue samples obtained during surgery revealed the proper diagnosis, a low-differentiated adenocarcinoma (G3) of the small intestine, stage T4Nx.
Conclusion: Taking into consideration the patient’s condition, age, and symptoms, we should always think about the probable malignant process. Inflammatory diseases are known for increasing cancer risk and should always be the indication of this disease. The age of onset of the disease is very unusual, however, we must be aware of such cases in our clinical practice.
Peculiarities of relationships between plasma levels of nitrogenous metabolites and EEG & HRV parameters in patients with postradiation encephalopaty
Authors: Bombushkar Igor , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Korda Mykhaylo , Żukow Xawery , Popovych Igor 
Published: November 2022

Background. Recently we shown that nitrogenous plasma metabolites (uric acid, bilirubin, urea and creatinine), even in the absence of uremia, are able to influence the state of the anxiety, autonomic and central nervous and endocrine systems, apparently through aryl hydrocarbon and adenosine receptors of neurons and endocrine cells and/or directly. Sexual dimorphism in the neurotropic effects of uric acid in neurologically healthy patients was also revealed. The purpose of this study is to compare nitrogenous-neural relationships in neurologically healthy men and those with post-radiation encephalopathy (PREP). Materials and Methods. The object of observation were neurologically healthy 31 men (24÷69 y) and 19 patients (26÷61 y) with PREP. The relationships between plasma levels of nitrogenous metabolites, on the one hand, and EEG and HRV parameters, on the other, were analyzed. Results. By constructing regression models with stepwise elimination it was found that the multiple correlation coefficient (R±µ) of creatinine with neural parameters in patients with PREP significantly exceeded that of control patients (0,762±0,069 vs 0,409±0,107; t=2,62; p=0,011). With regard to urea, the differences are insignificant (0,801±0,059 vs 0,694±0,066; t=1,17; p>0,2), and with regard to bilirubin (0,548±0,115 vs 0,402±0,107; t=0,94) and uric acid (0,496±0,124 vs 0,549±0,089; t=0,32), there are practically no differences. Conclusion. Post-radiation encephalopathy is accompanied not only by deviations from the norm of a number of EEG and HRV parameters, but also by their increased sensitivity to creatinine and, to a lesser extent, urea, but not to bilirubin and uric acid.