bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Functional Materials by Understanding Beam‐Sample Interactions
Authors: Kisielowski Christian , Specht Petra , Rozeveld Steve , Freitag Bert , Kieft Erik R. , Kang Joo , Fielitz Alyssa J. , Fielitz Thomas R. , van Dyck Dirk , Yancey David F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUltra‐low‐dose electron diffraction is performed with a double metal cyanide catalyst (DMC) to understand how electron irradiation stimulates structural alterations in functional materials. The commonly fading diffraction patterns with dose accumulation depend on the irradiated area and the beam current even when below 50 femto Amperes. Heat generation is observed and modeled by statistical, inelastic scattering events to describe how phonon excitations modulate radiation hardness. Specifically, the characteristic 1/e‐decay of Bragg intensities from DMC is delayed from 6 to 30 eÅ−2 at room temperature, which is comparable to the effect of embedding radiation soft matter in ice. DMC's radiation hardness is enhanced by a latency dose that forms during a phase transformation. This unifying model predicts that a critical dose rate exists for any material that varies between 0.1 and 104 eÅ−2s−1 because of a material dependent competition of heat generation and spread. It shows that Brillouin scattering causes time dependent perturbations in electron irradiated solids that trigger time‐temperature‐transformations on a time scale of nanoseconds to microseconds at room temperature, which is not included in traditional models describing the decay of Bragg intensities by radiolysis.
Two Birds with One Stone: Contemporaneously Boosting OER Activity and Kinetics for Layered Double Hydroxide Inspired by Photosystem II
Authors: Lin Xiaojing , Cao Shoufu , Chen Xiaodong , Chen Hongyu , Wang Zhaojie , Liu Huanhuan , Xu Hui , Liu Siyuan , Wei Shuxian , Lu Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe poor catalytic kinetics together with unsatisfied activity of nonprecious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction hamper their applications in industrial water electrolysis. Inspired by the oxygen evolution cluster of photosystem II in nature, Li+‐doped NiFe layered double hydroxide modified with carboxylate is constructed by in situ growth on Ni foam (NFCL(70)‐ LDH @ NF) via one‐pot redox synthesis. Herein, lithium acetate is introduced to regulate the electronic structure and improve proton transfer kinetics, thus “Two birds with one stone”. The targeted product exhibits highly improved OER performance in 1 M KOH at room temperature (159 and 224 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm−2), as well as dramatically decreased Tafel slope (47.9 mV dec–1). Control experiments and theoretical calculations uncover that the presence of Li+ modulates the local electronic structure and stabilizes the OOH* intermediate. Specifically, the carboxylate ligands serve as relays to promote proton transfer efficiency, which is similar to the concerted proton electrons transfer in photosystem II. Moreover, NFCL(70)‐ LDH @ NF maintains the excellent performance over a month under the simulated industrial condition. The exploration of high performance, triggered synergistically by Li+ doping and acetate‐modifying, sheds light on the design of organic–inorganic hybrid electrocatalysts for highly efficient OER.
Large‐Scale Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Membranes with Robust Ferroelectricity
Authors: Zhong Hai , Li Mingqiang , Zhang Qinghua , Yang Lihong , He Ri , Liu Fang , Liu Zhuohui , Li Ge , Sun Qinchao , Xie Donggang , Meng Fanqi , Li Qiang , He Meng , Guo Er‐jia , Wang Can , Zhong Zhicheng , Wang Xinqiang , Gu Lin , Yang Guozhen , Jin Kuijuan , Gao Peng , Ge Chen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHafnia‐based compounds have considerable potential for use in nanoelectronics due to their compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor devices and robust ferroelectricity at nanoscale sizes. However, the unexpected ferroelectricity in this class of compounds often remains elusive due to the polymorphic nature of hafnia, as well as the lack of suitable methods for the characterization of the mixed/complex phases in hafnia thin films. Herein, the preparation of centimeter‐scale, crack‐free, freestanding Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) nanomembranes that are well suited for investigating the local crystallographic phases, orientations, and grain boundaries at both the microscopic and mesoscopic scales is reported. Atomic‐level imaging of the plan‐view crystallographic patterns shows that more than 80% of the grains are the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase, and that the mean equivalent diameter of these grains is about 12.1 nm, with values ranging from 4 to 50 nm. Moreover, the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase is stable in substrate‐free HZO membranes, indicating that strain from the substrate is not responsible for maintaining the polar phase. It is also demonstrated that HZO capacitors prepared on flexible substrates are highly uniform, stable, and robust. These freestanding membranes provide a viable platform for the exploration of HZO polymorphic films with complex structures and pave the way to flexible nanoelectronics.
High‐Gain Logic Inverters based on Multiple Screen‐Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Zabihipour Marzieh , Tu Deyu , Forchheimer Robert , Strandberg Jan , Berggren Magnus , Engquist Isak , Andersson Ersman Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganic electronic circuits based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are attracting great attention due to their printability, flexibility, and low voltage operation. Inverters are the building blocks of digital logic circuits (e.g., NAND gates) and analog circuits (e.g., amplifiers). However, utilizing OECTs in electronic logic circuits is challenging due to the resulting low voltage gain and low output voltage levels. Hence, inverters capable of operating at relatively low supply voltages, yet offering high voltage gain and larger output voltage windows than the respective input voltage window are desired. Herein, inverters realized from poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate‐based OECTs are designed and explored, resulting in logic inverters exhibiting high voltage gains, enlarged output voltage windows, and tunable switching points. The inverter designs are based on multiple screen‐printed OECTs and a resistor ladder, where one OECT is the driving transistor while one or two additional OECTs are used as variable resistors in the resistor ladder. The inverters’ performances are investigated in terms of voltage gain, output voltage levels, and switching point. Inverters, operating at +/−2.5 V supply voltage and an input voltage window of 1 V, that can achieve an output voltage window with ∼110% increment and a voltage gain up to 42 are demonstrated.
Inkjet‐Printed Piezoelectric Thin Films for Transparent Haptics
Authors: Glinsek Sebastjan , Song Longfei , Kovacova Veronika , Mahjoub Mohamed A. , Godard Nicolas , Girod Stéphanie , Biagi Jean‐Luc , Quintana Robert , Schleeh Thomas , Guedra Matthieu , Rupin Matthieu , Defay Emmanuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransparent thin‐film piezoelectric transducers are attractive for haptic displays. However, for their widespread use in consumer electronics, innovative and cost‐effective processing methods need to be developed. In this contribution the effectiveness of the deposition of lead zirconate titanate thin films by inkjet printing for the fabrication of haptic devices is demonstrated. The 1,3‐propanediol solvent is used to prepare effective inkjet‐printing inks from chemical solution deposition solutions. The printed thin‐film structures on fused silica glass substrates are 900 nm thick and strongly {100} oriented perovskite phase is detected in X‐ray diffraction patterns. To fabricate devices, interdigitated capacitors and SU‐8 insulation layers are deposited on top of the printed lead zirconate titanate. Dimensions of the final device are 15.7 × 3.4 mm2. A standing antisymmetric Lamb wave is observed at 63.3 kHz, with out‐of‐plane displacement reaching 2 µm at an applied voltage of 100 V. This value exceeds the limit at which the texture rendering function can be induced in the device. Good functional performance of the device is linked with good electromechanical properties of the printed piezoelectric, with permittivity ε ′ and piezoelectric coefficient e33,f values of 1000 and 7.7 C m−2, respectively, which are comparable to films prepared by standard spin‐coating process.
Tunable Nonlinearity in 2D Graphdiyne Oxide for High‐Performance All‐Optical Modulation
Authors: Wu Leiming , Wei Songrui , Zhang Yule , Zhang Ye , Xiang Yuanjiang , Zhang Han , Qin Yuwen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract2D atomically thin graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) nanosheets (NSs) are synthesized, and their nonlinear modulation is investigated. Generally, improving the modulation depth (MD) of all‐optical modulation (AOM) requires a pump light with strong power, which limits the development of AOM technology in the design of low‐power loss devices. In this study, an AOM system based on spatial self‐phase modulation and spatial cross‐phase modulation methods is proposed using 2D GDYO NSs. The results reveal that 2D GDYO exhibits tunable nonlinearity and high stability, which is desirable for designing the AOM system. Because of the excellent optical properties of 2D GDYO, a large MD of >98% is achieved for the proposed AOM with a low power of pump light, which is higher than most AOMs currently reported. Thus, GDYO is an excellent modulation material in AOM, which improves the application prospects of carbon nanomaterials in all‐optical devices.
Molding Photon Emission with Hybrid Plasmon‐Emitter Coupled Metasurfaces
Authors: Kan Yinhui , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDirectional emission of photons with designed polarizations and orbital angular momenta is crucial for exploiting the full potential of quantum emitters (QEs) within quantum information technologies. Capitalizing on the concept of hybrid plasmon‐QE coupled metasurfaces, a holography‐based design approach is developed allowing one to construct surface nanostructures for outcoupling QE‐excited circularly diverging surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) into well‐collimated beams of photons with desirable polarization characteristics propagating along given directions. Using the well‐established simulation framework, the efficiency and versatility of the developed approach are demonstrated by analyzing different hybrid SPP‐QE coupled metasurfaces designed for the generation of linearly, radially, and circularly polarized photons propagating in various off‐axis directions. This work enables the design of single‐photon sources with radiation channels that have distinct directional and polarization characteristics, extending thereby possibilities for designing complex photonic systems for quantum information processing. Moreover, it is believed that the developed scattering holography approach is generally useful when employing surface electromagnetic excitations, including SPP modes, as reference waves for signal wave reconstruction.
Electrophotocatalytic C−H Hydroxyalkylation of Heteroaromatics with Aldehydes
Authors: Bi Huihua , Zhou Yu , Jiang Wei , Liu Jie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein a radical hydroxyalkylation of N‐heteroaromatics with aldehydes is reported. The constructive merging of photochemistry and electrochemistry is the key for the success of this atom‐economical Minisci method. This protocol highlights the utility of electrophotocatalysis to promote a practical and general synthesis of secondary alcohols in good yields from readily available N‐heteroaromatics and aldehydes under mild reaction condition.magnified image
In Tandem Auto‐Sustainable Enantioselective Heck‐Matsuda Reactions Directly from Anilines
Authors: Herrera Christian Leonardo , Santiago João Victor , Pastre Julio Cezar , Correia Carlos Roque Duarte 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn in tandem enantioselective Heck‐Matsuda (HM) reaction of cyclic and acyclic olefins directly from anilines is described. The method relies on a process involving the progressive in situ diazotization of the starting anilines followed by a palladium‐catalyzed Heck‐Matsuda arylation using chiral N,N‐ligands. This intermolecular enantioselective HM arylation strategy was applied to the desymmetrization of three distinct unactivated olefins as proof of concept. The method demonstrates broad substrate scope furnishing the Heck adducts in good to excellent enantiomeric ratios of up to 99:1, high diastereoselectivities (cyclopenten‐3‐ol with >20:1 dr), and good overall yields of up to 82% over 2 or 3 steps.magnified image
Bisamide CXCR4 Modulators: Novel Anti‐IBD Agents Acting on the Chemotaxis of Inflammatory Cells
Authors: Bai Renren , Jiang Xiaoying , Hui Zi , Yoon Younghyoun , Ge Jiamin , Zhu Junlong , Shim Hyunsuk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease that with a relapsing and remitting course. There is an urgent demand for novel drugs to treat IBD with better efficacy and fewer side effects. CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a constitutive and inflammatory role in the intestinal mucosa, resulting in the chemotaxis of plenty of inflammatory cells to the intestine. Modulating this chemotactic axis by CXCR4 modulators may lead to the discovery of more effective anti‐IBD candidates. Taking the secondary amine as the lead structure, a series of bisamide CXCR4 modulators with various substituents are designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the ameliorating effects on acute inflammation and IBD. Among them, compound Im effectively alleviates TNBS‐induced IBD and reduces the number of inflammatory cells and the secretion of inflammatory factors in the intestinal mucosa. The obtained results indicate that CXCR4 is a potential anti‐IBD target, and design of potent CXCR4 modulators is an optional strategy to discover novel anti‐IBD candidates with different mechanisms.
A Long‐Term Clearing Cranial Window for Longitudinal Imaging of Cortical and Calvarial Ischemic Injury through the Intact Skull
Authors: Zhang Chao , Liu Chun‐Jie , Feng Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSkull is a reservoir for supplying immune cells that mediate brain immune surveillance. However, during intravital optical imaging of brain, conventional cranial windows requiring skull thinning or removal disrupt brain immunity integrity. Here, a novel long‐term clearing cranial window (LCCW) based on the intact skull, dedicated to chronic skull transparency maintenance, is proposed. It significantly improves optical imaging resolution and depth, by which the cortical and calvarial vascular injury and regeneration processes after ischemic injury are longitudinally monitored in awake mice. Results show that calvarial blood vessels recover earlier than the cortex. And the transcriptome analysis reveals that gene expression patterns and immune cells abundances exist substantial differences between brain and skull after ischemic injury, which may be one of the causes for the time lag between their vascular recovery. These findings bring great enlightenment to vascular regeneration and reconstruction. Moreover, LCCW provides a minimally invasive approach for imaging the brain and skull bone marrow.
Phosphorus/Phosphide‐Based Materials for Alkali Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Fangzheng , Xu Jie , Wang Shanying , Lv Yaohui , Li Yang , Chen Xiang , Xia Ailin , Li Yongtao , Wu Junxiong , Ma Lianbo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhosphorus‐ and phosphide‐based materials with remarkable physicochemical properties and low costs have attracted significant attention as the anodes of alkali metal (e.g., Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca)‐ion batteries (AIBs). However, the low electrical conductivity and large volume expansion of these materials during electrochemical reactions inhibit their practical applications. To solve these problems, various promising solutions have been explored and utilized. In this review, the recent progress in AIBs using phosphorus‐ and phosphide‐based materials is summarized. Thereafter, the in‐depth working principles of diverse AIBs are discussed and predicted. Representative works with design concepts, construction approaches, engineering strategies, special functions, and electrochemical results are listed and discussed in detail. Finally, the existing challenges and issues are concluded and analyzed, and future perspectives and research directions are given. This review can provide new guidance for the future design and practical applications of phosphorus‐ and phosphide‐based materials used in AIBs.
Solid‐State Electrolyte Gate Transistor with Ion Doping for Biosignal Classification of Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Wang Qinan , Zhao Tianshi , Zhao Chun , Liu Wen , Yang Li , Liu Yina , Sheng Dian , Xu Rongxuan , Ge Yutong , Tu Xin , Gao Hao , Zhao Cezhou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the core component of an intelligent neuromorphic computer system, reliable synaptic devices process vast amounts of data with high computing speed and low energy consumption. In this work, the ion‐doped eco‐friendly solution‐processed indium oxide (InOx)/aluminum oxide (AlOx) electrolyte gate transistors (EGTs) with typical and reliable synaptic behavior are proposed. The lithium ions doped into the AlOx solid‐state layer to facilitate the generation of electrical double layers and doped into InOx to improve the stability of long‐term potentiation/depression cyclic update and enhance the synaptic plasticity. Finally, an artificial neural network simulator is well designed to electrocardiogram signal recognition based on the Gmax/Gmin ratio and nonlinearity of weight update curve. According to the results, the device possesses tremendous potential for biosignal prediction and neural intervention. Moreover, for the first time, the recognition accuracy of the abnormality of the cardiovascular can reach over 94.8% obtained from the confusion matrix. Consequently, this research article presents a stable and robust neuromorphic device for biosignal recognition based on solid‐state EGTs via the synaptic long‐term plasticity.
Directed Self‐Assembly for Dense Vertical III–V Nanowires on Si and Implications for Gate All‐Around Deposition
Authors: Löfstrand Anette , Jafari Jam Reza , Svensson Johannes , Jönsson Adam , Menon Heera , Jacobsson Daniel , Wernersson Lars‐Erik , Maximov Ivan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFabrication of next generation transistors calls for new technological requirements, such as reduced size and increased density of structures. Development of cost‐effective processing techniques to fabricate small‐pitch vertical III–V nanowires over large areas will be an important step toward realizing dense gate all‐around transistors, having high electron mobility, and low power consumption. It is demonstrated here, how arrays of III–V nanowires with a controllable number of rows, ranging from one single row up to bands of 500 nm, can be processed by directed self‐assembly (DSA) of block copolymer (BCP). Furthermore, it is shown that the DSA‐orientation with respect to the substrate's crystal direction affects the nanowire facet configuration, and thereby the nanowire spacing and gate all‐around deposition possibilities. A high χ poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) BCP pattern directed by electron beam lithography‐defined guiding lines is transferred into silicon nitride. The silicon nitride is then used as a selective area metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy mask atop an indium arsenide (InAs) buffer layer on a silicon platform to grow vertical InAs nanowires at 44–60 nm row pitch. Finally, deposition of high‐κ oxide and titanium nitride at this high pattern density is demonstrated, to further illustrate the considerations needed for next generation transistors.
A patient with a novel pathogenic variant in COL5A1 exhibiting prominent vascular and cardiac features
Authors: Lavanya Katta , Mahtani Karishma , Abbott Jessica , Jain Angita , Selvam Pavalan , Atwal Herjot , Farres Houssam , Atwal Paldeep S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Ehlers–Danlos Syndromes (EDS) are a group of inherited connective tissue disorders with a worldwide prevalence of 1 in 2500 to 1 in 5000 births irrespective of sex or ethnicity. Fourteen subtypes of Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (EDS) have been described, each with characteristic phenotypes and associated genes. Pathogenic variants in COL5A1 and COL5A2 cause the classical EDS subtypes. Pathogenic variants in COL3A1 cause vascular EDS. In this case report, we describe a patient with a phenotype resembling that of vascular EDS, caused by a novel pathogenic variant in COL5A1.
Involvement of the neddylation modification system in Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication
Authors: Shen Rui , Lü Dingding , Cao Zhijun , Huang Jinshan , Zhang Yiling , Shen Zhongyuan , Tang Xudong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNeddylation is a posttranslational modification that is similar to ubiquitination, and involved in some critical biological processes, such as DNA repair, transcription regulation, and ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Recently, it was found that neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 has potent antiviral activity against human viruses including herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1, HSV‐2, and influenza viruses. Here, we report that MLN4924 could dramatically and dose‐dependently inhibits the propagation, formation of budding virus (BV) and occlusion body (OB) of a lepidopteran virus–Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), impaired OB assembly. In addition, the neddylation modification protein NEDD8 is colocalized with aggresome and autophagosome. Our findings suggest that inhibiting neddylation could be an antibaculovirus strategy and MLN4924 may be used as candidate drug for that purpose.
Synthesis and antinociceptive activity of four 1H‐isoindolo‐1,3(2H)‐diones
Authors: Dziubina Anna , Szkatuła Dominika , Gdula‐Argasińska Joanna , Sapa Jacek 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to design and synthesize a series of 2‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐aryl‐1‐piperazinyl)propyl phthalimide derivatives, which are analogs of 1H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyridine‐1,3(2H)‐dione derivatives with proven analgesic effect. In accordance with the basic principle proposed by Lipinski's rule, the probable bioavailabilities of the F1–F4 phthalimides were assessed. The obtained values indicate good absorption after oral administration and the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. The four compounds F1–F4 differing in the type of pharmacophore in the phenyl group of the 2‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐aryl‐1‐piperazinyl)propyl on the imide nitrogen atom (R, F1–F3) and the 4‐benzhydryl analog (F4) were selected for in vitro and in vivo studies. Based on the in vitro studies, the effects of compounds F1–F4 on cell viability/proliferation and COX‐2 levels were evaluated. Moreover, using in vivo methods, the compounds were tested for antinociceptive activity in models of acute pain (the writhing and the hot‐plate tests) in mice. Their influence on the motor coordination effect and locomotor activity was also tested. The obtained results revealed that the compounds F1–F4 strongly suppress the pain of peripheral origin and to a lesser extent (F1–F3) pain of central/supraspinal origin. In the in vitro studies, F1–F4 reduced the COX‐2 level in lipopolysaccharide‐activated RAW 264.7 cells, which suggests their anti‐inflammatory activity.