bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Sowing Environment on Growth Parameters, Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea (Cicer aretinum L.) Varities
Authors: Kumar Mandeep , Khan Naushad , Sachan Ravindra , Tiwari Abhishek 
Published: July 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2019-20 in sandy loam soil of C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Nawabganj, Kanpur (U.P.).The experiment consisted nine treatments combinations comprised of three sowing date/ sowing temperature viz., sowing on November 10 with temperature 220C, November 20 with temperature 170C and November 30 with temperature 160C and three variety viz, KWR-108, KPG-59 and KGD-1168. Results revealed that sowing temperature 220C which occurred on November 10 in combination with variety KGD-1168 produced significantly higher growth parameters such as plant population, plant height, number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate. It is also evident from data that variety KDG-1168 sown on November 10 has been associated with highest no. of pods plant-1, no. of seeds plant-1, no. of seeds pod-1, test weight, seed yield plant-1, seed yield (q ha-1) because fulfilment of optimum thermal requirement for various plant processes. High temperature during-reproductive stage adversely affected the number of pods plant,-1 number of seed pod-1 in late sowing (November 30) which ultimately resulted in the lowest seed yield. It can be elaborated from the results that variety KGD-1168 produces higher yield and benefit in the central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh.
AmpC Beta-Lactamase Prevalence in Isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Maduakor Uzoamaka Charity , Ajiromanus Immaculate C. , Onyemelukwe Anulika Obianuju 
Published: July 2022

Background: Pathogenic bacteria with beta lactamase-resistant determinants have emerged, posing a worldwide health threat. They confer resistance to a large array of \(\beta\) -lactam agents and \(\beta\)-lactam inhibitors. Aim: This study evaluated the prevalence and resistance profiles of plasmid-mediated AmpC \(\beta\) -lactamase producing isolates among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical and environmental sources in the Enugu metropolis. Methodology: The work was done in the Microbiological Laboratory of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla. A total of 150 non-duplicate isolates processed in the microbiology laboratories of three referral hospitals and some private laboratories were used in this study including 85 and 65 isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. Isolates were identified and characterized using standard microbiological protocols. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion procedure. Phenotypic detection of AmpC \(\beta\)-Lactamase production was determined using Cefoxitin/Cloxacillin double-disc synergy (CCDST). Results: Of the 67 isolates of E. coli from clinical samples, AmpC production was confirmed in 20(29.9%) and of the 18 isolates from environmental sources, only 5(27.8%) were confirmed. Of the 60 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical samples 16(26.6%) were AmpC producers while 1(20%) out of the 5 isolates from environmental samples was an AmpC producer. The prevalence of AmpC \(\beta\)-lactamase producers was 28%. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of AmpC producers in clinical and environmental isolates in E.coli and Klesiella pneumoniae p = .86 and p = .74 respectively. Antimicrobial resistance was high in both AmpC and non-AmpC \(\beta\)-lactamase producers. Impenem’s susceptibility was found in 75.4 percent of the isolates.
Conclusion: This research revealed a high prevalence of AmpC beta-lactamase in the Enugu metropolis. The identification of AmpC beta-lactamase enzymes regularly is crucial to preventing therapeutic failures. The proper usage of antimicrobial drugs is critical.
In vitro Callus Induction of Catunaregam spinosa Using Leaves as Explant
Authors: Lawrence P. K. , Senarath W. T. P. S. K. , Munasinghe M. L. A. M. S. 
Published: July 2022

Aims: C. spinosa (Family Rubiaceae) is a valuable medicinal since years ago. A protocol was developed including best sterilization and best medium for callus induction of C. spinosa using leaf discs as explants.
Methodology: Sterilization protocol optimized using different concentrations of Carbendazim® (0.2,
0.3%) and Clorox (10, 15%) exposing to different time intervals (10, 15 min). Percentage survival and contaminations were calculated. Best medium was optimized using different concentrations of 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) (1.0-6.0 mg L-1). Growth regulators free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used as control. Completely randomized design was followed with ten replicates in each concentration. Days taken to initiate calli, morphological characteristics and mean dry weights of calli were evaluated after 3 months of incubation.
Results: Leaf discs sterilization with 0.3% Carbendazim for 10 min, 10 % Clorox for 10 min and 70% ethanol for 30 sec followed by two washings in sterile distilled water was found to be best sterilization protocol. It recorded lowest percentage contamination (13.34%) and highest percentage survival (86.66%) after 8 weeks. No observable changes were found in calli grown in growth regulators free MS medium. Calli growth and morphologies were significantly affected by the type of growth regulator and their concentrations in MS medium. Color of the calli varied from white opaque to yellow brown to green and the texture from foamy, loose, and friable to compact. Best medium with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 3.0 mg L-1 NAA produced green friable calli with 0.0969±0.01 g mean dry weight after 3 months. Some traits were found to be depended on synergetic effect of growth regulators and genotypic characteristics of explant.
Conclusion: The study provides a better sterilization protocol and medium for in vitro calli induction and growth of C. spinosa.
Disnarration in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day
Authors: Khosravi Sareh 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
This study discusses the disnarrated in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day by focusing on Gerald Prince’s ideas on the disnarrated. According to Prince, disnarration refers to events that have not happened but have been mentioned in the narrative. There are two modes for representing disnarration in the narrative of the novel: implicit and explicit. In the former, the disnarrated is represented by techniques like symbols, metonymies and foil characters. In the later, it is explicitly stated that a particular event could have happened but have not happened. However, based on Ishiguro’s preoccupation with the suppression of meaning, the majority of disnarrated narratives are implicit rather than explicit. The narrator’s implicit remarks signify his lost opportunities for the things he could have. Nearly at the ending of the novel, however, the narrator offers a more honest attitude to the readers by explicitly talking about his regrets and lost opportunities.
Pitalkhora
Authors: Morrissey Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Pitalkhora was a rock‐cut Buddhist monastic complex located in the Western Deccan region of India. The site was comprised of a series of excavated
vihāras
(residential caves for monks) and
caitya
halls (devotional halls containing
stupas
). The monastery at Pitalkhora was originally established during the second century
bce
to the second century
ce
, and was again briefly occupied during the late fifth and early sixth centuries
ce
.
Śuṅgas
Authors: Ghosh Suchandra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The Śuṅga Dynasty was founded by Puṣyamitra Śuṅga after he overthrew the last Maurya ruler, Bṛhadratha. Magadha was the nucleus of the kingdom. Śuṅga rule, with its center at Pāṭaliputra, seems to have embraced territories to the right bank of the Indus, the middle Ganga Plain, the upper Ganga Valley, and eastern Malwa. The usurpation of the throne by Puṣyamitra Śuṅga is referred to in the Purāṇas and the
Harṣacarita,
a much later text (early seventh century
ce
) written by Bāṇ̣abhaṭṭa, the court poet of King Harṣavardhana of Kanauj. The Śuṅgas were Brahmins. Puṣyamitra performed two horse sacrifices, which alludes to his military success. During Śuṅga rule there were Greek incursions into their territory, which is known from Patañjali's
Mahābhāṣya
. The Kāṇvas, who perhaps began their political career as subordinates of the Śuṅgas (the Purāṇas call them
Śuṅga bhṛtyas
), ended the Śuṅga kingdom.
Indo‐Parthians
Authors: Ghosh Suchandra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The Indo‐Parthians succeeded the Indo‐Scythians in the Indo‐Iranian borderlands. Their history is known mostly from their coins. The first ruler was Gondophares, whose kingdom extended from Seistan through Arachosia, to the Kabul Valley and over Gandhāra to the Jammu‐Pathankot area. Their coins were divided into four principal categories. The reign of Gondophares could be fixed approximately between ca. 20 and 45
ce
. The accepted chronological sequence after Gondophares is Abdagases I, Orthagnes, Hybouzanes/Ubouzanes, Pacores, Sanabares, Abdagases II, Sarpedanes, and Sases. The kingdom collapsed as a result of a major invasion by the Kushanas under Kujula Kadphises.
Subordinate Rulers of the Guptas
Authors: Kumar Ashish 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the reign of Samudragupta and Candragupta II, the Gupta kingdom claimed to occupy the lands between the Himalayas and the Vindhyas, and their subordinate ruling houses in peripheral areas rose to prominence. In the Mālava region of Central India, the Valkhās, Aulikaras, and Sanakānīkas emerged during the reign of Samudragupta and Candragupta II and during the reign of Skandagupta the Maitrakas emerged in Gujarat. In eastern Madhya Pradesh, the Parivrājakas and the Uchchakalpas became prominent during the reign of Budhagupta and his successors. In eastern India Uparika‐Mahārājas in Puṇḍravardhana, Mahārāja Nāthacandra in Samataṭa, and Mahārāja Vainyagupta established themselves and their ruling houses. These subordinate rulers/ruling houses in the peripheral areas constituted the first line of defense against external aggression, and their presence transformed the Gupta kingdom into a political system that was neither highly centralized nor fragmented. With the changing fortunes of the Gupta rulers in battle, these subordinate rulers/ruling houses changed their relations with the Guptas and they did not miss any opportunity made available by the weakening of Gupta authority to declare their autonomy.
Later Guptas
Authors: Ghosh Suchandra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The Later Guptas were one of the major powers of eastern India after the disintegration of Gupta rule. They ruled in Magadha and partly in Malwa from about the sixth century
ce
to the late seventh century
ce
. The main sources are two epigraphs, the Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena, which introduces a ruling family from Kṛṣṇagupta to Ādityasena, and the Deo Baranark inscription of Jīvitagupta II from Ādityasena to Jīvitagupta II. Bāṇa's
Harṣacarita
and the records of the Chinese pilgrims Xuanzang and Yijing mention them. In
Gauḍavaho
, Vākpati refers to the victory of King Yaśovarman of Kanauj against the king of Magadha, who was in all possibility Jīvitagupta II, arguably the last important ruler of the dynasty.
Anomalous Thermoelectric Transport Phenomena from First‐Principles Computations of Interband Electron–Phonon Scattering
Authors: Fedorova Natalya S. , Cepellotti Andrea , Kozinsky Boris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity are two central quantities to be optimized simultaneously in designing thermoelectric materials, and they are determined by the dynamics of carrier scattering. Here a new regime is uncovered where the presence of multiple electron bands with different effective masses, crossing near the Fermi level, leads to strong energy‐dependent carrier lifetimes due to intrinsic electron–phonon scattering. In this anomalous regime, electrical conductivity decreases with carrier concentration, Seebeck coefficient reverses sign even at high doping, and power factor exhibits an unusual second peak. The origin and magnitude of this effect is explained using a general simplified model as well as first‐principles Boltzmann transport calculations in recently discovered half‐Heusler alloys. General design rules for using this paradigm to engineer enhanced performance in thermoelectric materials are identified.
Strong Interaction over Ru/Defects‐Rich Aluminium Oxide Boosts Photothermal CO2 Methanation via Microchannel Flow‐Type System
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Xing Chuanshun , Yang Fan , Liu Zhen , Wang Yijie , Dong Tianjiao , Zhao Lili , Liu Hong , Zhou Weijia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe CO2 methanation is an important component of the “power to gas” strategy, and the Ru‐Al2O3 catalyst is considered to be a state‐of‐the‐art catalyst for this reaction. Conventional Ru‐Al2O3 is prepared by wet impregnation. Due to weak interactions between Ru and the Al2O3, construction of a controllable interface between the metal and the substrate is still challenging. In this work, a UV pulse laser is used to controllably construct ultra‐small Ru nanoparticles on defects‐rich Al2O3‐x‐L in situ grown on Al foil (Ru‐Al2O3‐x‐L) for effective photothermal CO2 methanation. The catkin‐like fluff Al2O3‐x‐L efficiently traps light to ensure the light adsorption of Ru‐Al2O3‐x‐L. The defects in Al2O3‐x‐L efficiently anchors Ru. A Strong‐Metal‐Support‐Interaction (SMSI) effect is constructed between the ultra‐small Ru nanoparticles and the Al2O3‐x‐L. The Ru‐Al2O3‐x‐L exhibits remarkable photothermal catalytic performance (CH4 yield of 12.35 mol gRu−1 h−1) in the closed batch system. Then an innovative flow reactor is established based on the one‐piece Ru‐Al2O3‐x‐L microchannel catalyst. Thanks to local pressure on the edge of the microchannels, the CH4 yield is further enhanced to 14.04 mol gRu−1 h−1. Finally, an outdoor setup demonstrates the feasibility of photothermal CO2 methanation (CH4 yield of 18.00 mmol min−1). This work provides novel perspectives for the construction of multi‐level micro/nanostructures integrated catalysts for photothermal CO2 methanation.
[4+1] Cyclization of α‐CF3 Carbonyls with Hydrazides: Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Mao Kuantao , Ma Yangyang , Lv Leiyang , Li Zhiping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA facile protocol for the synthesis of 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles has been developed by [4+1] cyclization of α‐CF3 carbonyls and hydrazides. This method employs readily available starting materials and the reaction conditions are simple and mild. Synthetic transformation of the 1,3,4‐oxadiazole product has also been investigated.
Enabling energy‐efficient manufacturing of pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms via integrated techno‐economic analysis and advanced process modeling
Authors: Sampat Chaitanya , Kotamarthy Lalith , Bhalode Pooja , Chen Yingjie , Dan Ashley , Parvani Sania , Dholakia Zeal , Singh Ravendra , Glasser Benjamin J. , Ierapetritou Marianthi , Ramachandran Rohit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe global pharmaceutical industry is a trillion‐dollar market. However, the pharmaceutical sector often lags in manufacturing innovation and automation which limits its potential to maximize energy efficiency. The integration of techno‐economic analysis (TEA) with advanced process models as part of an overarching smart manufacturing platform, can help industries create business models, which can be adapted for manufacturing to reduce energy consumption and operating costs while ensuring product quality which can further enable a more sustainable process operation. In this study, a rational design of experiment on three unit‐operations (wet granulation, drying, and milling) was performed on a batch (case 1) and continuous (case 2) pharmaceutical process to obtain experimental data. Process models for predicting product quality and energy efficiency of each of the three‐unit operations were developed. The experimental data were used to validate the models and good agreement was observed. The energy consumption of each unit operation was calculated using statistical models relating the power consumption and the process parameters. The developed process models and energy models were further integrated into a TEA framework, which quantified the energy and monetary cost of manufacturing for both batch and continuous manufacturing cases. With this integrated framework, energy costs savings of ~33% was obtained in the continuous manufacturing process (case 2) over the batch process (case 1).
Enabling Sustainable Chemistry with Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Fad or the Future?
Authors: Quintana Aline Andrea , Sztapka Alaina Maria , Santos Ebinuma Valéria de Carvalho , Agatemor Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) debuted with a promise of a superior sustainability footprint due to their low vapor pressure. However, their toxicity and high cost compromise this footprint, impeding their real‐world applications. Fortunately, their property tunability through a rational selection of precursors, including bioderived ones, provides a strategy to ameliorate toxicity, lower cost, and endow new functions. This Review discusses whether ILs and DESs are sustainable solvents and how they contribute to sustainable chemical processes.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulated within Metallacycles
Authors: López‐Moreno Alejandro , Ibáñez Susana , Moreno‐Da Silva Sara , Ruiz‐González Luisa , Sabanés Natalia Martín , Peris Eduardo , Pérez Emilio M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMechanically interlocked derivatives of carbon nanotubes (MINTs) are interesting nanotube products since they show high stability without altering the carbon nanotube structure. So far, MINTs have been synthesized using ring‐closing metathesis, disulfide exchange reaction, H‐bonding or direct threading with macrocycles. Here, we describe the encapsulation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes within a palladium‐based metallosquare. The formation of MINTs was confirmed by a variety of techniques, including high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. We find the making of these MINTs is remarkably sensitive to structural variations of the metallo‐assemblies. When a metallosquare with a cavity of appropriate shape and size is used, the formation of the MINT proceeds successfully by both templated clipping and direct threading. Our studies also show indications on how supramolecular coordination complexes can help expand the potential applications of MINTs.
Design and Testing of Diagnostic MRI/MRS Applications Based On Signal Enhancement by Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization
Authors: Reineri Francesca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParahydrogen‐induced polarization is a hyperpolarization method that exploits the spin order of hydrogen enriched in the para‐isomer, by means of a chemical reaction. Recently, its field of application has been extended significantly, through the introduction of non‐hydrogenative PHIP (i. e. SABRE) and of innovative h‐PHIP strategies that allowed to increase the intensity of the MR signals in molecules relevant for biological applications. This Concept article aims to show the potentialities of this hyperpolarization method in the field of diagnostics, through the discussion of some of the reported applications of parahydrogen polarized substrates. A section is also dedicated to the methods that have been introduced for the purification of parahydrogen polarized products, in order to make them suitable for biological studies.
Aging and autism: Do measures of autism symptoms, co‐occurring mental health conditions, or quality of life differ between younger and older autistic adults?
Authors: Yarar Esra Zıvralı , Roestorf Amanda , Spain Debbie , Howlin Patricia , Bowler Dermot , Charlton Rebecca , Happé Francesca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrevious research has indicated that autistic adults experience higher rates of co‐occurring mental health difficulties and poorer quality of life (QoL) than their non‐autistic peers. Little is known, however, about these aspects in older age or whether younger and older autistic adults experience similar patterns This cross‐sectional study investigated potential age‐related effects on autism symptoms, self‐reported mental health, and QoL in younger and older autistic adults (n = 79, aged 19–71 years) compared to a non‐autistic control group (n = 57) matched for gender, age and IQ. Results showed that autistic adults had higher levels of self‐reported autism symptoms and poorer QoL than controls. There were no significant age effects on autism symptoms or on most self‐rated mental health symptoms. However, significantly more autistic adults in the younger versus older group scored above the clinical threshold for anxiety, somatoform disorders and eating disorders. Older autistic adults rated social QoL as significantly better than younger autistic adults; there was no significant age difference in the control group. Self‐reported QoL was best predicted by self‐ratings of severity of depressive symptoms in both groups. Further research is needed to track autism and co‐occurring mental health symptomatology across the lifespan, so that service provision can be tailored accordingly.Lay SummaryYoung autistic adults have reported more psychological difficulties and poorer quality of life (QoL) than the general population. We investigated whether these difficulties continue into older age. Autism symptoms and mental health problems were common in autistic adults, with no difference between age groups, except for anxiety, physical and eating problems. Although QoL was poorer in both younger and older autistic compared to non‐autistic adults, older autistic adults reported better social QoL than those who were younger.
Could inhibition of metalloproteinases be used to block the process of metastasis?
Authors: Alba Jesús , Barcia Ramiro , Gutiérrez‐Berzal Javier , Ramos‐Martínez Juan I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetastasis is a multisequential process that allows tumor cells to migrate to tissues distant from the primary tumor. Only a small number of cells escape from the primary tumor; however, the metastases generated are responsible for more than 90% of cancer deaths. Many metastatic processes initially require the total or partial start‐up of a program for the transformation of tumor epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells (EMT). The launching of the EMT program is stimulated by cytokines and other elements produced by the diverse types of cells composing the tumor stroma. In parallel, a process of destabilization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) takes place by means of the synthesis of proteases of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family. EMC degradation allows the exportation of some tumor cells as mesenchymal cells to the circulatory system and their subsequent implantation in a tissue distant from the primary tumor. The blocking of these both processes appears as a hypothetical stop point in the metastatic mechanism. The present review deals with the different options to achieve the inhibition of MMPs, focusing on MMP7 as a target given its involvement in the metastatic processes of a wide variety of tumors.