bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-wavelength constraints on the outflow properties of the extremely bright millisecond radio bursts from the galactic magnetar SGR 1935 + 2154
Authors: Yamasaki Shotaro , Kashiyama Kazumi , Murase Kohta 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Extremely bright coherent radio bursts with millisecond duration, reminiscent of cosmological fast radio bursts, were codetected with anomalously-hard X-ray bursts from a Galactic magnetar SGR 1935 + 2154. We investigate the possibility that the event was triggered by the magnetic energy injection inside the magnetosphere, thereby producing magnetically-trapped fireball (FB) and relativistic outflows simultaneously. The thermal component of the X-ray burst is consistent with a trapped FB with an average temperature of ∼200–300 keV and size of ∼105 cm. Meanwhile, the non-thermal component of the X-ray burst and the coherent radio burst may arise from relativistic outflows. We calculate the dynamical evolution of the outflow, launched with an energy budget of 1039–1040 erg comparable to that for the trapped FB, for different initial baryon load η and magnetization σ0. If hard X-ray and radio bursts are both produced by the energy dissipation of the outflow, the outflow properties are constrained by combining the conditions for photon escape and the intrinsic timing offset ≲ 10 ms among radio and X-ray burst spikes. We show that the hard X-ray burst must be generated at rX ≳ 108 cm from the magnetar, irrespective of the emission mechanism. Moreover, we find that the outflow quickly accelerates up to a Lorentz factor of 102 ≲ Γ ≲ 103 by the time it reaches the edge of the magnetosphere and the dissipation occurs at 1012 cm ≲ rradio, X ≲ 1014 cm. Our results imply either extremely-clean (η ≳ 104) or highly-magnetized (σ0 ≳ 103) outflows, which might be consistent with the rarity of the phenomenon.
RasGRP Exacerbates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Through Regulation of ERK Activation
Authors: Tang Wen , Wang Lu , Liu Yan , Xiao Dong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Excessive inflammatory activities are reported to be the primary cause of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Ras guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein (RasGRP) could prevent inflammatory response. However, its role in the regulation of inflammatory response in sepsis-associated AKI remains unclear.

Methods
Wild-type or RasGRP1-deficient mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneally in combination with D-galactosamine to establish a mouse model of sepsis-associated AKI. Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, nitric oxide synthase 2, and interleukin 1β were measured using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The morphological change in kidney tubule was determined by hematoxylin-and-eosin staining. The protein levels of RasGRP, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were determined using Western blot.

Results
RasGRP1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in patients with sepsis-related AKI compared to those in healthy subjects. RasGRP knockout markedly reduced inflammatory cytokines induced by AKI in sepsis when compared with wild-type mice. Additionally, RasGRP deficiency inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 without altering JNK expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that RasGRP1 plays a pivotal role in sepsis-associated AKI. Downregulation of RasGRP1 could significantly inhibit inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of ERK1/2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, thereby reducing AKI induced by sepsis.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that RasGRP exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury through regulating ERK activation, which reveals a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis-induced AKI.
CRISPR–Cas-mediated transcriptional control and epi-mutagenesis
Authors: Gardiner Jason , Ghoshal Basudev , Wang Ming , Jacobsen Steven E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Tools for sequence-specific DNA binding have opened the door to new approaches in investigating fundamental questions in biology and crop development. While there are several platforms to choose from, many of the recent advances in sequence-specific targeting tools are focused on developing Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats- CRISPR Associated (CRISPR-Cas)-based systems. Using a catalytically inactive Cas protein (dCas), this system can act as a vector for different modular catalytic domains (effector domains) to control a gene's expression or alter epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation. Recent trends in developing CRISPR-dCas systems include creating versions that can target multiple copies of effector domains to a single site, targeting epigenetic changes that, in some cases, can be inherited to the next generation in the absence of the targeting construct, and combining effector domains and targeting strategies to create synergies that increase the functionality or efficiency of the system. This review summarizes and compares DNA targeting technologies, the effector domains used to target transcriptional control and epi-mutagenesis, and the different CRISPR-dCas systems used in plants.
The start of things for Kamiokande: The Kamioka Nucleon Decay Experiment
Authors: Suzuki Atsuto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In 1980, detecting the evidence of the so-called Grand Unified Theory (GUT) became a major challenge for experimentalists. The GUT predicted that protons would decay, and M. Koshiba proposed the Kamioka Nucleon Decay Experiment (Kamiokande), which was originally conceived and designed for the detection of proton decay signals. Kamiokande was a 3000-t water Cherenkov detector located 1000 m underground in the Kamioka mine. The unique feature of this experiment was the use of 1000 photomultiplier tubes with the world's largest diameter of 20 in (∼51 cm). This article describes the story of the Kamiokande experiment from the preparation stage to the observation of the first candidate events for proton decays.
Perceived rather than objective weight status is associated with suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents: a school-based study
Authors: Zu Ping , Xu Shao-Jun , Shi Cheng-Ying , Zhao Yu-Qiu , Huang Zhao-Hui , Tao Fang-Biao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and body weight perception (BWP) with suicidal behaviors among mainland Chinese adolescents.MethodsA nationally representative sample (N = 10 110) of Chinese adolescents was assessed in this study. Suicidal behaviors (ideation, plan and attempt) were evaluated by four self-reported questions. Generalized linear mixed model was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the association between BWP/BMI with suicidal behaviors.ResultsThe prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt was 12, 5 and 2.1%, respectively. After adjusting potential covariates, perceiving oneself as obese was significantly associated with increased risks of suicidal ideation (OR: 2.4, 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.6–4.0, P = 0.001), suicidal plan (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.5–6.3, P = 0.002) and suicidal attempt (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.5–9.1, P = 0.001) compared with perceiving as normal weight among male adolescents; the effect attenuated to null among female adolescents. Perceiving oneself as underweight and overweight both exhibited significant adverse effect on suicidal behaviors (only suicidal ideation and suicidal plan) compared with perceiving oneself as normal weight among male adolescents, but not among female adolescents. The actual measured BMI was not significantly associated with suicidal behaviors among neither gender.ConclusionsSelf-perception of their body image rather than actual measured weight may have a gender-specific adverse effect on suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents.
Racial Disparities in Mortgage Lending: New Evidence Based on Processing Time
Authors: Wei Bin , Zhao Feng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper examines racial disparities in mortgage processing time prior to the global financial crisis. We find that Black borrowers are underrepresented and experience a longer processing time than white borrowers among the mortgages securitized by government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs). At the same time, Black borrower are overrepresented and face a similar processing time among privately securitized (PLS) mortgages. Additionally, Black borrowers are strongly associated with faster segments of the mortgage markets, faster lenders within each segment, and the types of loan products that are processed faster, all of which subsequently experienced higher defaults. (JEL G01, G21, G23, G32, R30)
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF DISTRIBUTION OF 14C PHOTOASSIMILATED INTO CARBOHYDRATES IN DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES OF FRUIT-BEARING APPLE SHOOTS USING A 13CO2 IN-SITU EXPOSURE SYSTEM
Authors: Satoh Yuhi , Imada Shogo , Tako Yasuhiro , Moriya Yuki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the photoassimilation process of 14CO2 into agricultural plants through determining the photoassimilated carbohydrate-13C in each part (leaves, current branch and fruit) of the fruit-bearing apple shoots exposed to 13CO2 in different growth stages (early and late fruit development stages). The carbohydrate content was assessed as soluble (ethanol-extracted fraction) and other (HCl-extracted and residual fractions) components. The total (i.e. sum of the three fractions) bulk carbohydrate concentrations in all parts of the shoots were statistically similar between different growth stages. The changes in the concentration of 13C-labeled soluble carbohydrate (i.e. ethanol-extracted fraction) to the total content between different growth stages were statistically unclear among all parts of the shoot. These results suggest that the distribution ratio of photoassimilated 13C in soluble and other components in the apple shoot was thereabout constantly independent of the growth stages.
The Important Role of Motivation and Pleasure Deficits on Social Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Network Analysis
Authors: Hu Hui-Xin , Lau Wilson Y S , Ma Eugenia P Y , Hung Karen S Y , Chen Si-Yu , Cheng Kin-Shing , Cheung Eric F C , Lui Simon S Y , Chan Raymond C K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Negative symptoms, particularly the motivation and pleasure (MAP) deficits, are associated with impaired social functioning in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, previous studies seldom examined the role of the MAP on social functioning while accounting for the complex interplay between other psychopathology. This network analysis study examined the network structure and interrelationship between negative symptoms (at the “symptom-dimension” and “symptom-item” levels), other psychopathology and social functioning in a sample of 269 patients with SCZ. The psychopathological symptoms were assessed using the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Social functioning was evaluated using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). Centrality indices and relative importance of each node were estimated. The network structures between male and female participants were compared. Our resultant networks at both the “symptom-dimension” and the “symptom-item” levels suggested that the MAP factor/its individual items were closely related to social functioning in SCZ patients, after controlling for the complex interplay between other nodes. Relative importance analysis showed that MAP factor accounted for the largest proportion of variance of social functioning. This study is among the few which used network analysis and the CAINS to examine the interrelationship between negative symptoms and social functioning. Our findings supported the pivotal role of the MAP factor to determine SCZ patients’ social functioning, and as a potential intervention target for improving functional outcomes of SCZ.
Situated gender equality in regional research and innovation: Collaborative knowledge production
Authors: Vehviläinen Marja , Valaskivi Liekki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Research and innovation (RI) policies in Europe aim to promote gender equality in the field of RI. However, gender equality at the regional level of RI has received little attention and has remained under-researched. This article draws on a process of collaborative knowledge production between regional developers and researchers in Finland, aiming to further gender equality in regional RI (2019–20). It examines negotiations about gender equality that occurred in the course of the process through the notion of situated gender equality. The developers initially stated that gender equality was needed as ‘a solution’ in regional development but did not know how to implement it. The process of collaborative knowledge production, a dialogue between the practices of regional development and the research-based conceptions of gender and participative methods, shows that gender equality in regional RI needs to be closely integrated into the practices of regional developers’ main development work.
A Preliminary Study for an Intraoperative 3D Bioprinting Treatment of Severe Burn Injuries
Authors: Albouy Marion , Desanlis Adeline , Brosset Sophie , Auxenfans Celine , Courtial Edwin-Joffrey , Eli Kyle , Cambron Scott , Palmer Justin , Vidal Luciano , Thépot Amélie , Dos Santos Morgan , Marquette Christophe A. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Intraoperative three-dimensional fabrication of living tissues could be the next biomedical revolution in patient treatment.

Approach:
We developed a surgery-ready robotic three-dimensional bioprinter and demonstrated that a bioprinting procedure using medical grade hydrogel could be performed using a 6-axis robotic arm in vivo for treating burn injuries.

Results:
We conducted a pilot swine animal study on a deep third-degree severe burn model. We observed that the use of cell-laden bioink as treatment substantially affects skin regeneration, producing in situ fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, necessary for tissue regeneration and re-epidermalization of the wound.

Conclusions:
We described an animal study of intraoperative three-dimensional bioprinting living tissue. This emerging technology brings the first proof of in vivo skin printing feasibility using a surgery-ready robotic arm-based bioprinter. Our positive outcome in skin regeneration, joined with this procedure’s feasibility, allow us to envision the possibility of using this innovative approach in a human clinical trial in the near future.
Halomonas profundi sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Mariana Trench
Authors: Wang Fan , Wan Jin-Jian , Zhang Xi-Ying , Xin Yu , Sun Mei-Ling , Wang Peng , Zhang Wei-Peng , Tian Ji-Wei , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Li Chun-Yang , Fu Hui-Hui 
Published: January 2022

Two novel Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-flagellated, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated MT13T and MT32, were isolated from sediment samples collected from the Mariana Trench at a depth of 8300 m. The two strains grew at −2–30 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.5–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.5–8.0) and with 0–15 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3–6 %). They did not reduce nitrate to nitrite nor hydrolyse Tweens 40 and 80, aesculin, casein, starch and DNA. The genomic G+C contents of draft genomes of strain MT13T and MT32 were 52.2 and 54.1 m ol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains MT13T and MT32 were affiliated with the genus

Halomonas

, with the highest similarity to the type strain of

Halomonas olivaria

. The values of average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization between strain MT13T and MT32, and between strain MT13T and five closely related type strains of

Halomonas

species indicated that strains MT13T and MT32 belonged to the same species, but represented a novel species in the genus of

Halomonas

. The major cellular fatty acids of strains MT13T and MT32 were C16 : 0, summed feature 3(C16 : 1
ω7c/ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c/ω6c). Major polar lipids of strains MT13T and MT32 included phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. Ubiquinone-9 was the predominant respiratory quinone. Based on data from the present polyphasic study, strains MT13T and MT32 represent a novel species of the genus

Halomonas

, for which the name Halomonas profundi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MT13T (=MCCC 1K06389T=KCTC 82923T).
Mapping The Global Landscape Of Chikungunya Rapid Diagnostic Tests: A Scoping Review
Authors: Moreira José , Brasil Patrícia , Dittrich Sabine , Siqueira André M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging arboviral disease and represents a global health threat because of the unprecedented magnitude of its spread. Diagnostics strategies rely heavily on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibody detection by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are available and promise to decentralize testing and increase availability at lower healthcare system levels.ObjectivesWe aim to identify the extent of research on CHIKV RDTs, map the global availability of CHIKV RDTs, and evaluate the accuracy of CHIKV RDTs for the diagnosis of CHIKV.Eligibility criteriaWe included studies reporting symptomatic individuals suspected of CHIKV, tested with CHIKV RDTs, against the comparator being a validated laboratory-based RT-PCR or ELISA assay. The primary outcome was the accuracy of the CHIKV RDT when compared with reference assays.Sources of evidenceMedline, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched from inception to October 13th, 2021. National regulatory agencies (European Medicines Agency, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency) were also searched for registered CHIKV RDTs.ResultsEighteen studies were included and corresponded to 3722 samples tested with RDTs between 2005-2019. The most development stage of CHIKV RDTs studies was phase I (7/18 studies) and II (7/18 studies). No studies were in phase IV. The countries that manufacturer the most CHIKV RDTs were Brazil (n=17), followed by the USA (n=7), and India (n=6). Neither at EMA nor FDA, registered products were found. Conversely, the ANVISA has approved 23 CHIKV RDTs. Antibody RDTs (n=43) predominated and demonstrated sensitivity between 20% and 100%. The sensitivity of the antigen RDTs ranged from 33.3 to 100%.ConclusionsThe landscape of CHIKV RDTs is fragmented and needs coordinated efforts to ensure that patients in CHIKV-endemic areas have access to appropriate RDTs. Further research is crucial to determine the impact of such tests on integrated fever case management and prescription practices for acute febrile patients.
Predicting clinical outcomes and hospitalization stay of hospitalized COVID-19 patients by using Deep Learning methods
Authors: Ziemys Arturas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPredicting outcomes and other critical clinical events of hospitalized COVID-19 patients may provide a valuable asset to healthcare and a chance to improve patient outcomes. Here, we have analyzed over 10,000 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the Houston Methodist Hospital at the Texas Medical Center from the beginning of pandemics till April of 2020. This work extends our previous study analyzing longitudinal symptomatics of the hospitalized patients by seeking to understand how standard patient clinical data, like demographics and comorbidities, together with symptom data from early hospitalization can be used to predict the clinical outcomes and hospitalization stay. Deep Learning (DL) classification and regression methods were applied to quantify patient record importance and to perform predictions. The results suggest that patient outcome can be predicted with up to 75% accuracy. However, the prediction of hospitalization stay was more complex indicating deeper optimization of features.
The Acute Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Cognitive Function During Prolonged Sitting: A First Quantitative Evidence
Authors: Li Jinming , Herold Fabian , Ludyga Sebastian , Yu Qian , Zhang Xingyu , Zou Liye 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThis systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the cognitive benefits of breaking up prolonged sitting (PS) by acute physical exercises (PE).MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in six electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library) to identify cross-over studies with a pre-posttest design that examined the effects of PE breaks during 3 to 5 h of prolonged sitting on cognitive performance. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model, with subgroup analyses investigating dose-response effects and differences between cognitive domains. Additionally, study quality was rated using the PEDro scale.ResultsThirteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 295 participants (171 female and 124 male) were included in this systematic review. Thereof, nine studies were included in our meta-analysis. We observed that during PS, PE breaks did not improve overall cognitive performance (Hedges’ g=-0.043[-0.158,0.073]). There was no between-study heterogeneity indicated. This is further supported by the subgroup analyses showing no differences in effect sizes between cognitive domains and different exercise intensities.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that interrupting PS by PE breaks neither improved, nor impaired cognitive performance. Consequently, PE breaks during PS allows to integrate regular physical activity in daily routines (i.e., through PE breaks) without compromising the performance of cognitively demanding tasks.
An ML prediction model based on clinical parameters and automated CT scan features for COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sinha Abhishar , Joshi Swati Purohit , Das Purnendu Sekhar , Jana Soumya , Sarkar Rahuldeb 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTOutcome prediction for individual patient groups is of paramount importance in terms of selection of appropriate therapeutic options, risk communication to patients and families, and allocating resource through optimum triage. This has become even more necessary in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Widening the spectrum of predictor variables by including radiological parameters alongside the usually utilized demographic, clinical and biochemical ones can facilitate building a comprehensive prediction model. Automation has the potential to build such models with applications to time-critical environments so that a clinician will be able to utilize the model outcomes in real-time decision making at bedside. We show that amalgamation of computed tomogram (CT) data with clinical parameters (CP) in generating a Machine Learning model from 302 COVID-19 patients presenting to an acute care hospital in India could prognosticate the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Models developed from CP alone, CP and radiologist derived CT severity score and CP with automated lesion-to-lung ratio had AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85-0.88), 0.89 (95% CI: 0.87-0.91), and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.89-0.93), respectively. We show that an operating point on the ROC can be chosen to aid clinicians in risk characterization according to the resource availability and ethical considerations. This approach can be deployed in more general settings, with appropriate calibrations, to predict outcomes of severe COVID-19 patients effectively.