bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the world ready for the STICH 3.0 trial?
Authors: Vervoort Dominique , Jolicoeur Marc E. , Marquis-Gravel Guillaume , Fremes Stephen E. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is responsible for >50% of heart failures cases. Patients with ischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (iLVSD) are known to have poorer outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) compared to patients with a normal ejection fraction. Nevertheless, <1% of patients in coronary revascularization trials to date had iLVSD. The purpose of this review is to describe coronary revascularization modalities in patients with iLVSD and highlight the need for randomized controlled trial evidence comparing these treatments in this patient population.

Recent findings
Network meta-analytic findings of observational studies suggest that PCI is associated with higher rates of mortality, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization but not stroke compared to CABG in iLVSD. In recent years, outcomes for patients undergoing PCI have improved as a result of advances in technologies and techniques.

Summary
The optimal coronary revascularization modality in patients with iLVSD remains unknown. In observational studies, CABG appears superior to PCI; however, direct randomized evidence is absent and developments in PCI techniques have improved post-PCI outcomes in recent years. The Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 3.0 consortium of trials will seek to address the clinical equipoise in coronary revascularization in patients with iLVSD.
Metaplasticity: a key to visual recovery from amblyopia in adulthood?
Authors: Leet Madison P. , Bear Mark F. , Gaier Eric D. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
We examine the development of amblyopia and the effectiveness of conventional and emerging therapies through the lens of the Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM) theory of synaptic modification.

Recent findings
The BCM theory posits metaplastic adjustment in the threshold for synaptic potentiation, governed by prior neuronal activity. Viewing established clinical principles of amblyopia treatment from the perspective of the BCM theory, occlusion, blur, or release of interocular suppression reduce visual cortical activity in the amblyopic state to lower the modification threshold and enable amblyopic eye strengthening. Although efficacy of these treatment approaches declines with age, significant loss of vision in the fellow eye by damage or disease can trigger visual acuity improvements in the amblyopic eye of adults. Likewise, reversible retinal inactivation stimulates recovery of amblyopic eye visual function in adult mice and cats.

Summary
Conventional and emerging amblyopia treatment responses abide by the framework of BCM theory. Preclinical studies support that the dramatic reduction in cortical activity accompanying temporary retinal silencing can promote recovery from amblyopia even in adulthood, highlighting a promising therapeutic avenue.
Treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma in 2022: improved treatment regimens and improved prognosis
Authors: Reichstein David , Brock Anderson , Lietman Caressa , McKean Meredith 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Until recently, metastatic uveal melanoma was associated with essentially uniform fatality within months. However, recent developments in screening, improved understanding of the genetic underpinnings of metastatic disease, and pivotal medication approvals have improved the disease's rate of fatality.

Recent findings
Routine implementation of genetic testing at the time of primary tumor treatment via gene expression profiling or chromosomal analysis has identified patients who are at high risk for metastatic disease. Enhanced screening with imaging directed at the liver and lungs has allowed for identification of early disease and lower tumor burden. Significant work on improved liver directed therapy along with systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy has improved life expectancy. The first systemic immunotherapy specifically for metastatic uveal melanoma was approved this year. This medication, tebentafusp, is likely to improve life expectancy for all patients with metastatic melanoma assuming they have appropriate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers. Multiple clinical trials with novel immunotherapeutic agents are promising as well.

Summary
The prognosis for patients with uveal melanoma is far better than ever before because of recent developments in the understanding and treatment of metastatic disease.
Optimizing Management of Asymmetric Ptosis: A Comparison of Three Posterior Approach Resection Algorithms
Authors: Roelofs Kelsey A. , Margines Jack B. , Chen Teresa , Goodyear Kendall , Goldberg Robert A. , Rootman Daniel B. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of 3 resection algorithms in the management of patients with asymmetric ptosis.

Methods:
Patients undergoing bilateral Muller’s muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) were identified. Standardized preoperative clinical photographs were examined and margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) was measured using ImageJ. Patients presenting with ≥1 mm of asymmetry in MRD1 were included. Three groups were identified: variable (4:1 ratio, with the lower side receiving a greater resection), fixed (7 mm resection bilaterally), and tarsectomy (7 mm bilaterally + 1 mm of tarsus resected on the lower preoperative side). Postoperative MRD1 was measured from photographs obtained 3 months after surgery. The primary outcome was postoperative asymmetry.

Results:
A total of 95 patients with a mean age of 71.0 ± 11.0 years were included. There was no significant difference in age (p = 0.277) or length of follow-up (p = 0.782) between the groups. Although the fixed tarsectomy group had significantly greater preoperative asymmetry (p = 0.001), there was no significant difference in postoperative asymmetry (p = 0.166). On multivariate analysis, preoperative asymmetry was the only significant predictor of postoperative asymmetry (p < 0.001). Specifically, the surgical group was not a predictor of the primary outcome (p = 0.723).

Conclusions:
Resection amount and technique did not predict postoperative outcomes in cases of asymmetric ptosis. This may support the hypothesis that changes in eyelid position and symmetry following MMCR is due to a dynamic system, rather than as a result of purely mechanical forces.
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Employees of Four Essential Non–Health Care Sectors at Moderate/High Risk of Exposure to Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Belloni Giulia , Dupraz Julien , Butty Audrey , Pasquier Jérôme , Estoppey Sandrine , Bochud Murielle , Gonseth-Nussle Semira , D'Acremont Valérie 
Published: September 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence in Swiss non–health care employees at a moderate to high risk of exposure: bus drivers and supermarket, laundry service, and mail-sorting center employees.

Methods
Data on 455 essential workers included demographics, SARS-CoV-2 exposure and use of protective measures. Anti–SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins G and A targeting the spike protein were measured between May and July 2020.

Results
The overall crude seroprevalence estimate (15.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.6% to 19.7%) among essential workers was not significantly higher than that of the general working-age population (11.2%; 95% CI, 7.1% to 15.2%). Seroprevalence ranged from 11.9% (95% CI, 6.3% to 19.8%) among bus drivers to 22.0% (95% CI, 12.6% to 19.7%) among food supermarket employees.

Conclusions
We found no significant difference in seroprevalence between our sample of essential workers and local working-age population during the first lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Having a seropositive housemate was the strongest predictor of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.
Which patients with CKD will benefit from genomic sequencing? Synthesizing progress to illuminate the future
Authors: Mallett Andrew J. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
This review will summarize and synthesize recent findings in regard to monogenic kidney disorders, including how that evidence is being translated into practice. It will add to existing key knowledge to provide context for clinicians in consolidating existing practice and approaches.

Recent findings
Whilst there are long established factors, which indicate increased likelihood of identifying a monogenic cause for kidney disease, these can now be framed in terms of the identification of new genes, new indications for genomic testing and new evidence for clinical utility of genomic testing in nephrology. Further, inherent in the use of genomics in nephrology are key concepts including robust informed consent, variant interpretation and return of results. Recent findings of variants in genes related to complex or broader kidney phenotypes are emerging in addition to understanding of de novo variants. Phenocopy phenomena are indicating a more pragmatic use of broader gene panels whilst evidence is emerging of a role in unexplained kidney disease. Clinical utility is evolving but is being successfully demonstrated across multiple domains of outcome and practice.

Summary
We provide an updated framework of evidence to guide application of genomic testing in chronic kidney disease (CKD), building upon existing principles and knowledge to indicate how the practice and implementation of this can be applied today. There are clearly established roles for genomic testing for some patients with CKD, largely those with suspected heritable forms, with these continuing to expand as new evidence emerges.
Novel Identification of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Children With Septic Shock
Authors: Bline Katherine E. , Muszynski Jennifer A. , Guess Adam J. , Menocha Somaang , Moore-Clingenpeel Melissa D. , Popelka Jill K. , Hensley Josey M. , Steele Lisa M. , Goldthwaite Ian C. , Jedreski Kathleen J. , Hall Mark W. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Immunoparalysis in children with septic shock is associated with increased risk of nosocomial infections and death. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) potently suppress T cell function and may perpetuate immunoparalysis. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that children with septic shock would demonstrate increased proportions of MDSCs and impaired immune function compared with healthy controls.

DESIGN:
Prospective observational study.

SETTING:
Fifty-four bed PICU in a quaternary-care children’s hospital.

PATIENTS:
Eighteen children with septic shock and thirty age-matched healthy children.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood and stained for cell surface markers to identify MDSCs by flow cytometric analysis, including granulocytic and monocytic subsets. Adaptive and innate immune function was measured by ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with phytohemagglutinin-induced interferon (IFN) γ production and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α production, respectively. Prolonged organ dysfunction (OD) was defined as greater than 7 days. Children with septic shock had a higher percentage of circulating MDSCs, along with lower LPS-induced TNFα and phytohemagglutinin-induced IFNγ production capacities, compared with healthy controls. A cut-off of 25.2% MDSCs of total PBMCs in initial samples was optimal to discriminate children with septic shock who went on to have prolonged OD, area under the curve equal to 0.86. Children with prolonged OD also had decreased TNFα production capacity over time compared with those who recovered more quickly (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:
This article is the first to describe increased MDSCs in children with septic shock, along with an association between early increase in MDSCs and adverse OD outcomes in this population. It remains unclear if MDSCs play a causative role in sepsis-induced immune suppression in children. Additional studies are warranted to establish MDSC as a potential therapeutic target.
Risk Factors for CSF/Plasma HIV-1 RNA Discordance in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Nie Jingmin , Zeng Yanming , Zeng Qingling , Du Xiang , Chen Yaokai 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Few large investigations have evaluated the association of cerebrospinal fluid/plasma (CSF/plasma) discordance with opportunistic neurological infections. We aimed to determine risk factors for CSF/plasma discordance to further assess whether CSF/plasma discordance is associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and opportunistic neurological infections.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted based on HIV RNA viral load and associated risk factors in plasma and CSF samples from 491 HIV-infected patients. HIV RNA levels higher in CSF compared with plasma was defined as CSF/plasma discordance.

Results:
In this study, the rate of CSF/plasma discordance was 18.3%. We observed that headache, cryptococcal antigen, CSF cell count, Treponema pallidum particle assay positivity, and ART use were significantly associated with CSF/plasma discordance in the multivariate logistic regression model. The CSF RNA/plasma RNA ratio was significantly higher in HIV-infected patients with neurological infections than in HIV-infected cases without neurological infections (P < 0.001). CSF/plasma discordance was significantly different between HIV-infected patients without central nervous system (CNS) infection and those with CNS infection, tuberculous meningitis, cryptococcal meningitis, and neurosyphilis (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
ART and CNS inflammation may influence CSF/plasma discordance.
Efficacy and Safety of a Simplified Lamivudine Plus Dolutegravir Dual Therapy in HIV-1–Infected Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study in China
Authors: Zhong Mingli , Chen Chen , Hu Yue , Zou Meiyin , Yan Liting , Huang Jinlong , Lv Ru , Su Yifan , Qi Mingxue , Ye Zi , Pei Xueyu , Ma Ping , Wei Hongxia 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Results from both clinical trials and real-world observational studies suggest that lamivudine plus dolutegravir (3TC + DTG) dual therapy has excellent virological efficacy and safety in HIV-1–infected patients. However, there is still no relevant study related to this dual therapy reported in China.

Methods:
In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study that included HIV-1–infected patients in China, baseline and follow-up data were collected to analyze the virological suppression rate, immune restoration, and adverse events during follow-up in HIV-1–infected patients who switched to the 3TC + DTG dual therapy.

Results:
This study recruited 112 HIV-1–infected patients, including 101 men (90.2%), with a median age of 44.0 years (IQR: 33.00–57.75) and median CD4+ T-cell count of 432.13 cells/μL (IQR: 237.75–578.50). The overall virological suppression rate was 94.5% at the 24-week follow-up. However, the virological suppression rates of men who have sex with men patients and patients with CD4+ T-cell count of <350 cells/μL were higher than the baseline value (P < 0.05) at week 24. The results of Cox regression analysis showed that the baseline CD4+ T-cell count was an independent determinant of immune restoration in patients, and patients with baseline CD4+ T-cell count of 350–500 cells/μL outperformed patients with baseline CD4+ T-cell count of <350 cells/μL in immune restoration (hazard ratio: 4.469, 95% confidence interval: 1.801 to 11.091, P = 0.001). Adverse events were reported in 5 patients (incidence rate of 4.5%); among them, 3 patients developed neuropsychiatric symptoms. Results from the laboratory data analysis showed that patients with grade 1 and 2 adverse events had elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total bilirubin. Furthermore, grade 3 and 4 adverse events were associated with the elevation of blood glucose level in 4 patients.

Conclusions:
Thus, the 3TC + DTG dual therapy displayed an excellent virological efficacy against HIV-1 infections and had an acceptable safety profile, with predominantly mild adverse events in HIV-1–infected patients in China.
Tapered, Sand-Blasted, Large-Grit, and Acid-Etched Surfaced Internal Dental Implant in the Diverse Pathologic Jaw
Authors: Mustakim Kezia Rachellea , Han Jeong Joon , Eo Mi Young , Kim Soung Min 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
The treatment of pathologic lesions in jaws either through conservative or radical approaches, frequently leads to a loss of teeth. As a result, patients will experience diminished masticatory and phonetic function as well as esthetic deficits. In this manuscript, we report multiple cases of successful implant rehabilitation after the conservative treatment of pathologic lesions in jaws utilizing allogeneic bone grafts and the installation of implant fixtures.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, we examined 8 patients with 8 different kinds of pathologic lesions in their jaws, who were treated with a conservative approach and rehabilitated with bone grafts and implant installations using internal dental implant type with tapered, sand-blasted, large-grit, acid-etched surfaces. Marginal bone loss was analyzed through radiograms, and the implant survival rates and graft outcome evaluations were recorded.

Results:
No significant difference was found in the mean marginal bone loss throughout the follow-up period. The survival rate of the implant and the success rate of graft were recorded as 100%.

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that conservative surgical management for pathologic lesions based on the understanding of the pathologies can be helpful for successful oral rehabilitation. In bone grafting, it is necessary to determine an appropriate timing and method considering the risk of recurrence and the vascularity of the recipient site. For subsequent implant placement, selecting an implant system suitable for the site of placement and placing it within 3 to 6 months after bone grafting can help the long-term maintenance of the grafted bone and dental implant.
Haplotype-resolved assemblies and variant benchmark of a Chinese Quartet
Authors: Jia Peng , Dong Lianhua , Yang Xiaofei , Wang Bo , Wang Tingjie , Lin Jiadong , Wang Songbo , Zhao Xixi , Xu Tun , Che Yizhuo , Dang Ningxin , Ren Luyao , Zhang Yujing , Wang Xia , Liang Fan , Wang Yang , Ruan Jue ,   The Quartet Project Team, Zheng Yuanting , Shi Leming , Wang Jing , Ye Kai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs the state-of-the-art sequencing technologies and computational methods enable investigation of challenging regions in the human genome, an update variant benchmark is demanded. Herein, we sequenced a Chinese Quartet, consisting of two monozygotic twin daughters and their biological parents, with multiple advanced sequencing platforms, including Illumina, BGI, PacBio, and Oxford Nanopore Technology. We phased the long reads of the monozygotic twin daughters into paternal and maternal haplotypes using the parent-child genetic map. For each haplotype, we utilized advanced long reads to generate haplotype-resolved assemblies (HRAs) with high accuracy, completeness, and continuity. Based on the ingenious quartet samples, novel computational methods, high-quality sequencing reads, and HRAs, we established a comprehensive variant benchmark, including 3,883,283 SNVs, 859,256 Indels, 9,678 large deletions, 15,324 large insertions, 40 inversions, and 31 complex structural variants shared between the monozygotic twin daughters. In particular, the preciously excluded regions, such as repeat regions and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, were systematically examined. Finally, we illustrated how the sequencing depth correlated with thede novoassembly and variant detection, from which we learned that 30 × HiFi is a balance between performance and cost. In summary, this study provides high-quality haplotype-resolved assemblies and a variant benchmark for two Chinese monozygotic twin samples. The benchmark expanded the regions of the previous report and adapted to the evolving sequencing technologies and computational methods.
Cocaine addiction-like behaviors are associated with long-term changes in gene regulation, energy metabolism, and GABAergic inhibition within the amygdala
Authors: Zhou Jessica L. , Guglielmo Giordano de , Ho Aaron J. , Kallupi Marsida , Pokhrel Narayan , Li Hai-Ri , Chitre Apurva S. , Munro Daniel , Mohammadi Pejman , Carrette Lieselot LG , George Olivier , Palmer Abraham A. , McVicker Graham , Telese Francesca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe amygdala processes positive and negative valence and contributes to the development of addiction, but the underlying cell type-specific gene regulatory programs are unknown. We generated an atlas of single nucleus gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the amygdala of outbred rats with low and high cocaine addiction-like behaviors following prolonged abstinence. Between rats with different addiction indexes, we identified thousands of cell type-specific differentially expressed genes enriched for energy metabolism-related pathways that are known to affect synaptic transmission and action potentials. Rats with high addiction-like behaviors showed enhanced GABAergic transmission in the amygdala, which, along with relapse-like behaviors, were reversed by inhibition of Glyoxalase 1, which metabolizes the GABAAreceptor agonist methylglyoxal. Finally, we identified thousands of cell type-specific chromatin accessible sites and transcription factor (TF) motifs where accessibility was associated with addiction index, most notably at motifs for pioneer TFs in the Fox, Sox, helix-loop-helix, and AP1 families.