bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adaptive timing mechanism for urban traffic pre-signal based on hybrid exploration strategy to improve double deep Q network
Authors: Liu Minglei , Zhang Huizhen , Chen Youqing , Xie Hui , Pan Yubiao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the increasing traffic congestion in cities, the priority of public transit has become a consensus for the development and management of urban transportation. The traffic pre-signal mechanism, which gives priority in time and space to buses by optimizing road right-of-way allocation, has gained wide attention and application. In order to broaden the action exploration range of the agent and avoid the pre-signal decision from falling into suboptimal strategy or local optimal strategy. For the exploration strategy of the DDQN algorithm, this paper reduces the probability of directly selecting the local optimal action and increases the probability of selecting non-greedy actions based on the principle that “the action with a larger value function is more likely to be selected.” This paper addresses the problem that the existing urban traffic pre-signal mechanism cannot adaptively adjust the advance time, and proposes a traffic pre-signal adaptive timing mechanism based on a Hybrid Exploration Strategy Double Deep Q Network (HES-DDQN) by combining the$$\epsilon $$ϵ-greedy strategy and Boltzmann strategy. We have used the traffic simulation software VISSIM to conduct simulation experiments on an intersection. The experimental results show that, compared with the method of setting no pre-signal and the formula method of setting pre-signal, the HES-DDQN pre-signal mechanism can significantly reduce the average delay of buses, the waiting queue length, and the number of stops of social vehicles.
Introducing a new grading method for the diagnosis and grading of internal rectal prolapse in children
Authors: Delshad Salahedin , Delshad Balal , Mogheimi Parisa , Heidari Ghobad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Internal rectal prolapse is an irritating gastrointestinal disease and one of the causes of obstructive constipation in children under 15 years of age. This study aimed to introduce a new method and grading for diagnosing internal rectal prolapse in children. This study is based on the experience of the last ten years, which was re-evaluated as research using a control group.

Method
This is a prospective cross-sectional study. The results of the Delshad-Mash test were analyzed in 60 patients with internal rectal prolapse referred to (XXX) from January 2019 to June 2021. Another 60 children referred for non-digestive surgeries such as hernia and hypospadias with parental consent Were selected as a control group. The sensitivity of the Mesh Delshad test in diagnosing and measuring the degree of internal prolapse of the rectum was analyzed by placing the data in STATA software, version II. P < 0.05 was considered to show statistical significance.

Results
This study included 120 patients (52 girls and 68 boys) with a body age of 6 months–15 years and a mean age of 45 ± 4.7 years. The study group consisted of 60 patients with symptoms of internal rectal prolapse and 60 patients without the symptoms described in the file. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of the test. The ROC curve showed that the sensitivity and specificity for the mesh test as a diagnostic indicator are 89.71% and 92.31%, respectively. The thickness of the folded (prolapsed) mucosa was measured and divided into four degrees according to the rectum’s internal prolapse.

Conclusion
According to the results and experiences obtained from this study, the Delshad Mesh method is beneficial for diagnosing internal rectal prolapse that has positive clinical symptoms.

Highlights
PROMPTING CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION THROUGH LITIGATION
Authors: Mayer Benoit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCourts and scholars have interpreted open-ended legal norms as imposing due diligence obligations on States and other entities to mitigate climate change. These obligations can be applied in two alternative ways: through holistic decisions, where courts determine the level of mitigation action required of defendants; or through atomistic decisions, where courts identify some of the measures that the defendant must take. This article shows that, whilst most holistic cases fail on jurisdictional grounds, atomistic cases frequently succeed. Overall, it is argued that atomistic litigation strategies provide more realistic and effective ways for plaintiffs to prompt enhanced mitigation action.
Selection Bias in Mutual Fund Fire Sales
Authors: Berger Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLiquidity trading following mutual fund outflows creates a potentially powerful empirical setting in which stock price variation is unrelated to changes in firm fundamentals. Instrumental variables (IVs) drawn from this setting impose an additional assumption that managers sell firms in proportion to portfolio weights. I show that this assumption causes selection bias in these IVs. It misallocates large price impacts to poorly performing, illiquid firms with lower growth – firms that managers systematically avoid selling. Simulations show that selection bias doubles the magnitude of regression coefficients and precludes potential fixes. Numerous recent studies exploiting these IVs should be reevaluated.
3D-printed wideband Vivaldi antenna for millimeter wave applications
Authors: Ahmad Zunnurain , Harle Lee 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMain aim behind this study is to utilize 3D printing technique for designing and fabrication of a flexible wideband Vivaldi antenna for the upcoming 5 G systems. Frequency bands starting from 24 up to 65 GHz are receiving particular attention as they have potential for both high data rate communications and high-resolution radar applications. A Vivaldi antenna is used for its very wideband properties and planar design. The radiating structure covers a bandwidth of 25–65 GHz for a match better than −10 dB and demonstrates reasonably high gain and efficiency performance. The simulated radiation efficiency of the antenna remains above 90% for the entire bandwidth. Hence, the main advantage of this approach is that wideband or switched transceivers for future 5 G communications can be integrated using this concept without the need of complex matching networks.
Scale‐Dependent Ocean Vertical Correlations in the California Current System
Authors: D’Addezio Joseph M. , Jacobs Gregg A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present observation and model estimates of temperature and salinity depth‐depth cross‐correlations in two different horizontal scale regimes. Glider data from the 2021 S‐MODE pilot campaign were assimilated into an ocean simulation using a three dimensional variational algorithm. We map the glider time series into distance allowing a Fourier analysis of model errors in wavenumber space. Power spectra indicate model error variance is less than the observed variance at scales larger than approximately 250 km. Based on this result, a Gaussian filter partitions the glider and model data into larger and smaller scale series at each depth. The larger and smaller scale temperature and salinity cross‐correlations between depths are compared and contrasted. Glider and model cross‐correlations are found to be similar, implying that the model physics at scales not constrained by the observations are similar to the true world.
ENSO Teleconnections More Uncertain in Regions of Lower Socioeconomic Development
Authors: Lieber Ruby , King Andrew , Brown Josephine , Ashcroft Linden , Freund Mandy , McMichael Celia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts climate variability globally and can influence extreme climate and weather events. We quantify the uncertainty in ENSO's atmospheric teleconnections with extremes using the Twentieth Century Reanalysis, showing that uncertainty estimates vary regionally over the historical period. Uncertainty is found to be greater in regions of lower socioeconomic development. This can be linked to the limited availability of observational data in these regions as well as difficulties constraining tropical climate dynamics in global gridded atmospheric data sets. Poorer locations face greater challenges due to lack of understanding of past variability limiting confidence in regional projections.
Lunar Magnetic Anomalies and Polar Ice
Authors: Hood Lon L. , Bryant Isabella , van der Leeuw Jacob 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSolar wind ion sputtering is one of several non‐negligible loss mechanisms for water ice in permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) near the lunar poles. Previous estimates of the solar wind ion flux within south polar PSRs have considered only the ambient solar wind flow and effects of topography. Here, improved maps of crustal magnetic fields in the lunar polar regions are constructed, confirming that more anomalies are present near the south pole than near the north pole. These anomalies have moderate amplitudes, occur over at least two permanently shadowed craters, and correlate approximately with the exposed water ice distribution. Because of the low angle of solar wind incidence near the poles, these anomalies are likely effective in reducing the ion flux, and any resulting water ice loss rate. These anomalies may therefore explain why more water ice is found near the south pole than near the north pole.
Excitation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation in Response to Transient Ocean Warming in SPCAM
Authors: Liang Yu , Fedorov Alexey V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) could be generated as part of atmospheric adjustment to localized equatorial heating in models properly resolving moist convection. Here we use the Super‐parameterized Community Atmosphere Model (SPCAM) to study atmospheric response to transient sea surface warming in the equatorial Indian Ocean, which leads to the excitation of an MJO event, robust across different experiments, in addition to the expected equatorial Rossby and Kelvin waves. A moist static energy (MSE) budget analysis suggests that longwave and surface turbulent latent heat flux anomalies are predominantly responsible for the MJO excitation; however, these terms oppose its eastward propagation. In contrast, advection of MSE generally weakens the MJO amplitude, but contributes to its eastward propagation. These results highlight the role of the MJO in the moist atmospheric adjustment to localized tropical heating, with implications for the MJO mechanisms and prediction.
Improving and Harmonizing El Niño Recharge Indices
Authors: Izumo Takeshi , Colin Maxime 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEl Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the leading mode of interannual climate variability, with large socioeconomical and environmental impacts. The main conceptual model for ENSO, the Recharge Oscillator (RO), considers two independent modes: the fast zonal tilt mode in phase with central‐eastern Pacific Temperature (Te), and the slow recharge mode in phase quadrature. However, usual indices (western or equatorial sea level/thermocline depth h) do not orthogonally isolate the slow recharge mode, leaving it correlated with Te. Furthermore the optimal index is currently debated. Here, we develop an improved recharge index by objectively optimizing the RO equations fit to observations. (a) Te‐variability is regressed out, to build hind statistically‐independent from Te. Capturing the pure recharge, hind reconciles usual indices. (b) The optimum is equatorial plus southwestern Pacific hind_eq+sw (because of ENSO Ekman pumping meridional asymmetry). Using hind_eq+sw, the RO becomes more consistent with observations. hind_eq+sw is more relevant for ENSO operational diagnostics.
Record‐Breaking Precipitation in Indonesia's Capital of Jakarta in Early January 2020 Linked to the Northerly Surge, Equatorial Waves, and MJO
Authors: Lubis Sandro W. , Hagos Samson , Hermawan Eddy , Respati Muhamad R. , Ridho Ainur , Risyanto  , Paski Jaka A. I. , Muhammad Fadhlil R. , Siswanto  , Ratri Dian Nur , Setiawan Sonny , Permana Donaldi S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA record‐breaking extreme rainfall event, the highest amount recorded since 1866, hit Indonesia's capital, Jakarta, in early January 2020. This torrential rainfall was mainly caused by the convergence of moisture‐rich air due to an unusual blocking of cross‐equatorial northerly surge over Northwest Java by the southerly winds induced by a cyclonic flow over the Indian Ocean. This condition caused a local increase in the amount of water vapor over Jakarta that eventually led to the formation of clouds and heavy precipitation. In addition, the concurrent occurrences of convectively active phases of equatorial waves (Kelvin, TD‐type, and eastward propagating inertia‐gravity waves) and Madden‐Julian Oscillation during the event also partly contributed to the enhanced local moisture over the region by increasing low‐level moisture flux convergence. Together, these large‐scale dynamical drivers provided a convective environment that fostered the development of a massive rain‐producing mesoscale convective system and, consequently, extreme rainfall over the region.
Modeling Carbon Accumulation and Permafrost Dynamics of Northern Peatlands Since the Holocene
Authors: Zhao Bailu , Zhuang Qianlai , Frolking Steve 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNorthern peatlands are a large C stock and often act as a C sink, but are susceptible to climate warming. To understand the role of peatlands in the global carbon‐climate feedback, it is necessary to accurately quantify their C stock changes and decomposition. In this study, a process‐based model, the Peatland Terrestrial Ecosystem Model, is used to simulate pan‐Arctic peatland C dynamics from 15 ka BP to 1990. To improve the accuracy of the simulation, spatially explicit water run‐on and run‐off processes were considered, four different pan‐Arctic peatland extent data sets were used, and a spatially explicit peat basal date data set was developed using a neural network approach. The model was calibrated against 2055 peat thickness observations and the parameters were interpolated to the pan‐Arctic region. Using the model, we estimate that, in 1990, the pan‐Arctic peatlands soil C stock was 396–421 Pg C, and the Holocene average C accumulation rate was 22.9 g C·m−2 yr−1. Our estimated peat permafrost development history generally agrees with multi‐proxy‐based paleo‐climate data sets and core‐derived permafrost areal dynamics. Under Anthropocene warming, in the freeze‐thaw and permafrost‐free regions, the peat C accumulation rate decreased, but it increased in permafrost regions. Our study suggests that if current permafrost regions switch to permafrost‐free conditions in a warming future, the peat C accumulation rate of the entire pan‐Arctic region will decrease, but the sink and source activities of these peatlands are still uncertain.
A silk-based self-adaptive flexible opto-electro neural probe
Authors: Zhou Yu , Gu Chi , Liang Jizhi , Zhang Bohan , Yang Huiran , Zhou Zhitao , Li Meng , Sun Liuyang , Tao Tiger H. , Wei Xiaoling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe combination of optogenetics and electrophysiological recording enables high-precision bidirectional interactions between neural interfaces and neural circuits, which provides a promising approach for the study of progressive neurophysiological phenomena. Opto-electrophysiological neural probes with sufficient flexibility and biocompatibility are desirable to match the low mechanical stiffness of brain tissue for chronic reliable performance. However, lack of rigidity poses challenges for the accurate implantation of flexible neural probes with less invasiveness. Herein, we report a hybrid probe (Silk-Optrode) consisting of a silk protein optical fiber and multiple flexible microelectrode arrays. The Silk-Optrode can be accurately inserted into the brain and perform synchronized optogenetic stimulation and multichannel recording in freely behaving animals. Silk plays an important role due to its high transparency, excellent biocompatibility, and mechanical controllability. Through the hydration of the silk optical fiber, the Silk-Optrode probe enables itself to actively adapt to the environment after implantation and reduce its own mechanical stiffness to implant into the brain with high fidelity while maintaining mechanical compliance with the surrounding tissue. The probes with 128 recording channels can detect high-yield well-isolated single units while performing intracranial light stimulation with low optical losses, surpassing previous work of a similar type. Two months of post-surgery results suggested that as-reported Silk-Optrode probes exhibit better implant-neural interfaces with less immunoreactive glial responses and tissue lesions.
A﻿ curated collection of human vaccination response signatures
Authors: Smith Kenneth C. , Chawla Daniel G. , Dhillon Bhavjinder K. , Ji Zhou , Vita Randi , van der Leest Eva C. , Weng Jing Yi Jessica , Tang Ernest , Abid Amani ,   The Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC), Peters Bjoern , Hancock Robert E. W. , Floratos Aris , Kleinstein Steven H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent advances in high-throughput experiments and systems biology approaches have resulted in hundreds of publications identifying “immune signatures”. Unfortunately, these are often described within text, figures, or tables in a format not amenable to computational processing, thus severely hampering our ability to fully exploit this information. Here we present a data model to represent immune signatures, along with the Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC) Dashboard (www.hipc-dashboard.org), a web-enabled application to facilitate signature access and querying. The data model captures the biological response components (e.g., genes, proteins, cell types or metabolites) and metadata describing the context under which the signature was identified using standardized terms from established resources (e.g., HGNC, Protein Ontology, Cell Ontology). We have manually curated a collection of >600 immune signatures from >60 published studies profiling human vaccination responses for the current release. The system will aid in building a broader understanding of the human immune response to stimuli by enabling researchers to easily access and interrogate published immune signatures.
New definitions of human lymphoid and follicular cell entities in lymphatic tissue by machine learning
Authors: Wagner Patrick , Strodthoff Nils , Wurzel Patrick , Marban Arturo , Scharf Sonja , Schäfer Hendrik , Seegerer Philipp , Loth Andreas , Hartmann Sylvia , Klauschen Frederick , Müller Klaus-Robert , Samek Wojciech , Hansmann Martin-Leo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHistological sections of the lymphatic system are usually the basis of static (2D) morphological investigations. Here, we performed a dynamic (4D) analysis of human reactive lymphoid tissue using confocal fluorescent laser microscopy in combination with machine learning. Based on tracks for T-cells (CD3), B-cells (CD20), follicular T-helper cells (PD1) and optical flow of follicular dendritic cells (CD35), we put forward the first quantitative analysis of movement-related and morphological parameters within human lymphoid tissue. We identified correlations of follicular dendritic cell movement and the behavior of lymphocytes in the microenvironment. In addition, we investigated the value of movement and/or morphological parameters for a precise definition of cell types (CD clusters). CD-clusters could be determined based on movement and/or morphology. Differentiating between CD3- and CD20 positive cells is most challenging and long term-movement characteristics are indispensable. We propose morphological and movement-related prototypes of cell entities applying machine learning models. Finally, we define beyond CD clusters new subgroups within lymphocyte entities based on long term movement characteristics. In conclusion, we showed that the combination of 4D imaging and machine learning is able to define characteristics of lymphocytes not visible in 2D histology.
Improvement of the combustion, emission, and stability features of diesel-methanol blends using n-decanol as cosolvent
Authors: EL-Seesy Ahmed I. , Waly Mahmoud S. , Nasser Alhassan , El-Zoheiry Radwan M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research endeavored to boost the applicability of methanol in CI engines utilizing n-decanol as cosolvents. The work was split into binary phases. Firstly, the stabilities of pure methanol (M100) and hydrous-methanol (MH10), with diesel as a reference fuel, were examined applying various temperatures: 10 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C. The findings showed that the M100-diesel and MH10-diesel combinations were unstable. Thus, n-decanol was utilized as a cosolvent. Following by the engine combustion and emissions characteristics were evaluated by manipulating three proportions of M100-diesel mixtures with n-decanol. Three mixtures comprised of 5, 10, and 15% M100 with 20% n-decanol, which are denoted as M5, M10, and M15, correspondingly. These combinations were assessed via thermogravimetric assessment, and their physicochemical properties were assessed corresponding to the ASTM. The maximum in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and pressure rise rate diminished by 10, 11, and 10%, respectively, for the M100/diesel/n-decanol combinations compared with the diesel oil. The brake thermal efficiency lowered by 10%, whereas the brake specific fuel consumption enlarged by 10% for the combinations compared with the diesel. NOx and smoke opacity levels diminished by about 30 and 50%, respectively, whereas the CO and UHC enlarged by about 50 and 60% for the blends compared with the diesel oil.
Galvanic vestibular stimulation down-regulated NMDA receptors in vestibular nucleus of PD model
Authors: Kim Gyutae , Shin Nara , Kim Kyu-Sung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractParkinsonian symptoms relief by electrical stimulation is constructed by modulating neural network activity, and Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is known to affect the neural activity for motor control by activating the vestibular afferents. However, its underlying mechanism is still elusive. Due to the tight link from the peripheral vestibular organ to vestibular nucleus (VN), the effect by GVS was investigated to understand the neural mechanism. Using Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, behavioral response, extracellular neural recording, and immunohistochemistry in VN were conducted before and after the construction of Parkinson’s disease (PD) model. Animals’ locomotion was tested using rota-rod, and single extracellular neuronal activity was recorded in VN. The immunohistochemistry detected AMPA and NMDA receptors in VN to assess the effects by different amounts of electrical charge (0.018, 0.09, and 0.18 coulombs) as well as normal and PD with no GVS. All PD models showed the motor impairment, and the loss of TH+ neurons in medial forebrain bundle (mfb) and striatum was observed. Sixty-five neuronal extracellular activities (32 canal & 33 otolith) were recorded, but no significant difference in the resting firing rates and the kinetic responding gain were found in the PD models. On the other hand, the numbers of AMPA and NMDA receptors increased after the construction of PD model, and the effect by GVS was significantly evident in the change of NMDA receptors (p < 0.018). In conclusion, the increased glutamate receptors in PD models were down-regulated by GVS, and the plastic modulation mainly occurred through NMDA receptor in VN.