bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling direct from indirect effects of habitat disturbance on multiple components of biodiversity
Authors: Schwensow Nina Isabell , Heni Alexander Christoph , Schmid Julian , Montero B. Karina , Brändel Stefan Dominik , Halczok Tanja Katharina , Mayer Gerd , Fackelmann Gloria , Wilhelm Kerstin , Schmid Dominik Werner , Sommer Simone 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Human habitat disturbance affects both species diversity and intraspecific genetic diversity, leading to correlations between these two components of biodiversity (termed species–genetic diversity correlation, SGDC). However, whether SGDC predictions extend to host‐associated communities, such as the intestinal parasite and gut microbial diversity, remains largely unexplored. Additionally, the role of dominant generalist species is often neglected despite their importance in shaping the environment experienced by other members of the ecological community, and their role as source, reservoir and vector of zoonotic diseases. New analytical approaches (e.g. structural equation modelling, SEM) can be used to assess SGDC relationships and distinguish among direct and indirect effects of habitat characteristics and disturbance on the various components of biodiversity.

With six concrete and biologically sound models in mind, we collected habitat characteristics of 22 study sites from four distinct landscapes located in central Panama. Each landscape differed in the degree of human disturbance and fragmentation measured by several quantitative variables, such as canopy cover, canopy height and understorey density. In terms of biodiversity, we estimated on the one hand, (a) small mammal species diversity, and, on the other hand, (b) genome‐wide diversity, (c) intestinal parasite diversity and (d) gut microbial heterogeneity of the most dominant generalist species (Tome's spiny rat, Proechimys semispinosus). We used SEMs to assess the links between habitat characteristics and biological diversity measures.

The best supported SEM suggested that habitat characteristics directly and positively affect the richness of small mammals, the genetic diversity of P. semispinosus and its gut microbial heterogeneity. Habitat characteristics did not, however, directly impact intestinal parasite diversity. We also detected indirect, positive effects of habitat characteristics on both host‐associated assemblages via small mammal richness. For microbes, this is likely linked to cross species transmission, particularly in shared and/or anthropogenically altered habitats, whereas host diversity mitigates parasite infections. The SEM revealed an additional indirect but negative effect on intestinal parasite diversity via host genetic diversity.

Our study showcases that habitat alterations not only affect species diversity and host genetic diversity in parallel, but also species diversity of host‐associated assemblages. The impacts from human disturbance are therefore expected to ripple through entire ecosystems with far reaching effects felt even by generalist species.
Development of a machine‐learning model to identify the impacts of pesticides characteristics on soil microbial communities from high‐throughput sequencing data
Authors: Ke Mingjing , Xu Nuohan , Zhang Zhenyan , Qiu Danyan , Kang Jian , Lu Tao , Wang Tingzhang , Peijnenburg W. J. G. M. , Sun Liwei , Hu Baolan , Qian Haifeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of soil environmental DNA provides an advanced insight into the effects of pesticides on soil microbial systems. However, the association between the properties of the pesticide and its ecological impact remains methodically challenging. Risks associated with pesticide use can be minimized if pesticides with optimal structural traits were applied. For this purpose, we merged the 20 independent HTS studies, to reveal that pesticides significantly reduced beneficial bacteria associated with soil and plant immunity, enhanced the human pathogen and weaken the soil's ecological stability. Through the machine‐learning approach, correlating these impacts with the physicochemical properties of the pesticides yielded a random forest model with good predictive capabilities. The models revealed that physical pesticide properties such as the dissociation constant (pKa), the molecular weight and water solubility, determined the ecological impact of pesticides to a large extent. Moreover, this study identified that eco‐friendly pesticides should possess a value of pKa > 5 and a molecular weight in the range of 200–300 g/mol, which were found to be conducive to bacteria related to plant immunity promotion and exerted the lowest fluctuation of human opportunistic pathogen and keystone species. This guides the design of pesticides for which the impacts on soil biota are minimized.
Distinct community assembly and co‐existence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and diazotrophs across large‐scale soil fertility to improve functions in alfalfa cultivation systems
Authors: Zhang Fengge , Zhou Zhibo , Xiao Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnravelling the community assembly processes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and diazotrophs as well as their co‐existence under different soil fertility environments are vital to develop a better understanding of agroecosystem functions, which is a crucial yet poorly understood topic. We examined the soils from 99 typical alfalfa cultivation systems to formulate a comprehensive picture of AMF and diazotrophic community and presented the first simultaneous investigation of the assembly processes and their co‐existence. The distributions of both AMF and diazotrophic communities were significantly (p < 0.05) corresponded to soil integrated fertility index (IFI). We quantified the relative contributions of five ecological processes in AMF and diazotrophic community assembly under different soil fertility environments, with stochastic assembly primarily determined across all soil fertility groups. The coexistence networks of AMF and diazotrophs were also notably different among typical soil fertility systems, where the most complex interactions were observed in high fertility system while medium fertility system was found to be the simplest. The active hubs detected in different fertility system were sensitively responded to different soil variables. We offered new opportunities to improve agroecosystem functions, especially for legumes, by regulating the potential key species or indirectly manipulating their drivers.
A neglected risk of nanoplastics as revealed by the promoted transformation of plasmid‐borne ampicillin resistance gene by Escherichia coli
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Li Hua , Chen Yu , Meng Xiaoqing , Dieketseng Mahlatsi Yorgan , Wang Xiaomeng , Yan Su , Wang Baozhan , Zhou Lixiang , Zheng Guanyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlastic pollution and antibiotic resistance are two emerging environmental and human health crises today. Although it was revealed that microplastics can serve as vectors for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, it is still unclear how the nanoplastics influence the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Herein, we firstly compared the effect of polystyrene (PS) micro/nanoplastics on the transformation of plasmid‐borne ARG, using a transformation model consisting of plasmid pUC19 (ampR) and Escherichia coli DH5α (recipient). Due to its size effect, PS nanoplastics (10–500 mg/L) significantly enhanced the transformation efficiency (2.8–5.4 folds) and frequency (3.2–8.4 folds) of exogenous ampR into E. coli, while PS microplastics exerted no influence. The detailed mechanisms were found that nanoplastics induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, activated SOS response, increased cell membrane permeability and changed the secretion systems, thereby facilitating the uptake of exogenous DNA by bacteria. Moreover, the co‐presences of nanoplastics with humic acid or Fe3+ relieved to some extent, but did not completely alleviate the promoting effect of nanoplastics on plasmid transformation. Our findings suggest that the risk of nanoplastics on promoting the dissemination of antibiotic resistance should not be neglected, and further studies are needed to investigate such risk in complex environments.
Integrating 3D models with morphometric measurements to improve volumetric estimates in marine mammals
Authors: Hirtle Nathan O. , Stepanuk Julia E. F. , Heywood Eleanor I. , Christiansen Fredrik , Thorne Lesley H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Studies of body condition are key to understanding the health, bioenergetics and ecological roles of marine mammals. Due to challenges in studying marine mammals at sea, body condition is often approximated using metrics representing the size of the dorsal surface visible from aerial imagery, but quantifying variability in body volume would enable a more holistic understanding of bioenergetics. Furthermore, the number and location of measurements needed to accurately quantify body condition has received little attention. Three‐dimensional (3D) models provide a promising tool for representing morphology and providing holistic estimates of marine mammal body condition when combined with field‐based morphometric measurements.

We use humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae to demonstrate the utility of 3D models for estimating body condition in marine mammals. We integrate morphometric measurements taken from unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) with scalable 3D models to generate estimates of humpback whale body volume. We assess which and how many morphometric measurements are required to accurately estimate body volume and compare the error between volume estimates derived from 3D models and previously developed models representing volume as a series of ellipses. Using UAV measurements, we assess the contribution of each morphometric measurement to volumetric estimates, and quantify the error produced by all combinations and numbers of morphometric measurements (131,072 combinations).

Error in volume estimates from 3D models generated with as few as five width measurements was <5% compared to the full models and was lower than the error produced when using five width measurements with the elliptical approach. We suggest that by conserving the external morphology of marine mammals, 3D models allow body volume and body condition to be estimated accurately with few measurements.

We provide code and guidelines for creating 3D models using the open‐source software Blender and for assessing which measurements are needed to accurately capture the morphology of cetaceans. The 3D modelling approach we present will facilitate studies of intra‐ and interannual changes in body volume in marine mammals, which is vital to providing a more holistic understanding of bioenergetics and to assessing responses to environmental change and anthropogenic stressors.
Behavioral stability of alcohol consumption and socio‐demographic correlates of change among a nationally representative cohort of US adults
Authors: Puka Klajdi , Buckley Charlotte , Mulia Nina , Purshouse Robin C. , Lasserre Aurélie M. , Kerr William , Rehm Jürgen , Probst Charlotte 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTo estimate the probability of transitioning between different categories of alcohol use (drinking states) among a nationally representative cohort of United States (US) adults and to identify the effects of socio‐demographic characteristics on those transitions.Design, setting and participantsSecondary analysis of data from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a prospective cohort study conducted in 2001–02 and 2004–05; a US nation‐wide, population‐based study. Participants included 34 165 adults (mean age = 45.1 years, standard deviation = 17.3; 52% women).MeasurementsAlcohol use was self‐reported and categorized based on the grams consumed per day: (1) non‐drinker (no drinks in past 12 months), (2) category I (women = ≤ 20; men = ≤ 40), (3) category II (women = 21–40; men = 41–60) and (4) category III (women = ≥ 41; men = ≥ 61). Multi‐state Markov models estimated the probability of transitioning between drinking states, conditioned on age, sex, race/ethnicity and educational attainment. Analyses were repeated with alcohol use categorized based on the frequency of heavy episodic drinking.FindingsThe highest transition probabilities were observed for staying in the same state; after 1 year, the probability of remaining in the same state was 90.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 89.7%, 90.5%] for non‐drinkers, 90.2% (95% CI = 89.9%, 90.5%) for category I, 31.8% (95% CI = 29.7, 33.9%) category II and 52.2% (95% CI = 46.0, 58.5%) for category III. Women, older adults, and non‐Hispanic Other adults were less likely to transition between drinking states, including transitions to lower use. Adults with lower educational attainment were more likely to transition between drinking states; however, they were also less likely to transition out of the ‘weekly HED’ category. Black adults were more likely to transition into or stay in higher use categories, whereas Hispanic/Latinx adults were largely similar to White adults.ConclusionsIn this study of alcohol transition probabilities, some demographic subgroups appeared more likely to transition into or persist in higher alcohol consumption states.
Inflammasome activation in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Silber Michal , Dekel Nadav , Heusler Ishai , Biron‐Shental Tal , Amiel Aliza , Kidron Debora , Weisz Avivit , Benchetrit Sydney , Zitman‐Gal Tali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProblemPreeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are leading causes of perinatal complications, affecting 8%–10% of all pregnancies. Inflammasomes are suspected to be one of the mechanisms that lead to the process of term and preterm labors. This study evaluated the inflammasome‐dependent inflammation processes in placental tissue of women with PE and IUGR.Methods of StudyIn this prospective cohort study, 14 women with PE, 15 with placental‐related IUGR and 19 with normal pregnancy (NP) were recruited during admission for delivery. Maternal blood was obtained prior to delivery and neonatal cord blood and placental tissue were obtained after delivery.ResultsNLRP7 and PYCARD protein expression were higher in placental PE and IUGR samples versus NP samples. Immunostaining revealed that NLRP7 and PYCARD were upregulated in PE and IUGR placental syncytiotrophoblast, stroma and endothelial cells. PYCARD serum levels were significantly higher in women with PE and IUGR. No significant changes were observed in neonatal cord blood.ConclusionsNLRP7 and PYCARD are key inflammatory proteins that are significantly elevated in PE and IUGR. Better understanding their significance may enable them to become markers of prediction or progression of PE and IUGR.
Fungal exposome, human health, and unmet needs: A 2022 update with special focus on allergy
Authors: Vitte Joana , Michel Moïse , Malinovschi Andrei , Caminati Marco , Odebode Adeyinka , Annesi‐Maesano Isabella , Caimmi Davide Paolo , Cassagne Carole , Demoly Pascal , Heffler Enrico , Menu Estelle , Nwaru Bright I. , Sereme Youssouf , Ranque Stéphane , Raulf Monika , Feleszko Wojciech , Janson Christer , Galán Carmen ,   the EAACI Task Force on Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Published: August 2022

AbstractHumans inhale, ingest, and touch thousands of fungi each day. The ubiquity and diversity of the fungal kingdom, reflected by its complex taxonomy, are in sharp contrast with our scarce knowledge about its distribution, pathogenic effects, and effective interventions at the environmental and individual levels. Here, we present an overview of salient features of fungi as permanent players of the human exposome and key determinants of human health, through the lens of fungal allergy and other fungal hypersensitivity reactions. Improved understanding of the fungal exposome sheds new light on the epidemiology of fungal‐related hypersensitivity diseases, their immunological substratum, the currently available methods, and biomarkers for environmental and medical fungi. Unmet needs are described and potential approaches are highlighted as perspectives.
Identification of hub biomarkers and exploring the roles of immunity, M6A, ferroptosis, or cuproptosis in rats with diabetic erectile dysfunction
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Xinyu , Chen Yinhao , Zhu Bingye , Xing Qianwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, patients with diabetic erectile dysfunction (DMED) were not satisfied with the effects of first‐line phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is). Hence, this paper was designed to mine hub biomarkers in DMED and explore its potential mechanisms.MethodsGene expression matrix of DMED was downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO; GSE2457) dataset. The top 20 genes were selected based on the connectivity degrees in protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Functional enrichment analysis was utilized to reveal DMED‐related signaling pathways. We also explored the roles of immunity, m6A, ferroptosis, or cuproptosis in DMED and constructed Sprague Dawley (SD) rats DMED model to verify gene expressions by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).ResultsBased on the threshold, a total of 122 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in DMED, including 39 up‐regulated and 83 down‐regulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis implied that these DEGs were significantly enriched in peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors, ferroptosis, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 signaling pathways, and so on. SD rats DMED model was also successfully established by us and validated by intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical analysis. We further verified the expression of these top 20 genes from the PPI network by qRT‐PCR in the SD rats DMED model and finally identified Sparc, Lox, Srebf1, and Mmp3 as hub biomarkers (all p < 0.05). As for immunity and cuproptosis, our analysis indicated that DMED had nothing to do with them (all p > 0.05). Actually, DMED was markedly associated with m6A regulators and ferroptosis.ConclusionsWe identified Sparc, Lox, Srebf1, and Mmp3 as potential hub biomarkers in the SD rats DMED model for future drug development and found its significant associations with m6A regulators and ferroptosis, but not with immunity or cuproptosis.
Robot‐assisted training with functional electrical stimulation enhances lower extremity function after spinal cord injury
Authors: Bersch Ines , Alberty Marie , Fridén Jan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) synchronized with robot‐assisted lower extremity training is used in spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation to promote residual function.MethodsData of SCI inpatients who trained lower limb mobilization on a stationary robotic system were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was the improvement of muscle strength from the first through to the last training session during FES‐induced as well as voluntarily induced flexion and extension. The secondary outcome was the sum score of voluntary muscle function in the lower limbs before and after the training period.ResultsData from 72 patients with SCI (AIS A‐D) were analyzed. For extension, FES‐assisted strength increased (p < 0.001) from 25.2 to 44.0 N, voluntary force (p < 0.001) from 24.4 to 39.9 N. For flexion, FES‐assisted flexion (p < 0.006) increased from 14.1 to 19.0 N, voluntary flexion (p < 0.005) from 12.6 to 17.1 N. There was a significant correlation between the increase in FES‐assisted force and voluntary flexion (r = 0.730, p = 0.001) as well as between the increase in FES‐assisted force and voluntary extension (r = 0.881, p < 0.001). The sum score in muscle test increased from 15 to 24 points.ConclusionRobot‐assisted training with FES seems to support the regeneration of residual functions after SCI. This is evidenced by an improvement in motor function and strength in the lower limbs.
Inheritance relationship between Zhanggongxiang kiln celadon and Ru Guan celadon: Comments on the rationality of Raman Ip value evaluating firing temperature
Authors: Wu Bo , Zhao Weijuan , Zhao Hong , Ren Xiao , Liu Xiaomin , Zhang Bin , Li Bo , Zhao Dan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of Chinese ceramics culminated during the Song dynasty. At this time, exquisite celadon works emerged, such as Ru Guan celadon and Southern Song dynasty official kiln celadon, which exhibited the glory of their era. Since the excavation of Zhanggongxiang kiln celadon in Ruzhou city, Henan province, China, it has been attracting widespread scholarly attention at home and abroad. Most scholars have suggested that Zhanggongxiang is the official kiln of the Northern Song dynasty. In this paper, taking the celadon unearthed from the Zhanggongxiang kiln as a sample, the combination of laser Raman spectrum and thermal expansion methods is used to study the inheritance relationship between Zhanggongxiang celadon and Ru Guan celadon in the firing process. Meanwhile, the rationality of using Raman Ip value to evaluate the firing temperature of ceramics is reviewed. The main conclusions are as follows. First, the firing temperature of Zhanggongxiang celadon with various glaze colours is quite different, whereas the firing temperature of the same glaze colour is similar, thereby inheriting the firing technology of Ru Guan porcelain. Second, the Ip value of glaze cannot evaluate the firing temperature of porcelain with similar firing temperature. The Ip value corresponds to a range, within which it does not fully conform to the rule that the larger the Ip value, the higher the firing temperature. The Ip value is also associated with the formulation in addition to firing temperature. It is applicable to evaluating porcelains with a similar formulation but a large temperature difference.
Monkeypox: a new differential diagnosis when addressing genital ulcer disease
Authors: Griffiths-Acha Joseph , Vela-Ganuza Miguel , Sarró-Fuente Claudia , López-Estebaranz José Luis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We describe a case of genital ulcer and inguinal adenopathies that were attributable to monkeypox virus infection. We suggest clinicians adopt a low threshold for suspicion, particularly when evaluating genital ulcer disease.
Fra‐1 induces apoptosis and neuroinflammation by targeting S100A8 to modulate TLR4 pathways in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Ying , Dong Yan , Zhang Zai‐Li , Han Jie , Chen Feng‐Shou , Tong Xiang‐Yi , Ma Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCII) is a severe complication driven by apoptosis and neuroinflammation. An increase in the expression of c‐Fos, a member of the AP‐1 family, is known as a neuronal activation marker in SCII. The AP‐1 family is composed of Jun, Fos, and is associated with the regulation of cytokines expression and apoptosis. Fra‐1 is a member of the Fos family, however, the contribution of Fra‐1 to SCII is still unclear. In our study, Fra‐1 was highly upregulated especially in neurons and microglia and promoted apoptosis by changing the expression of Bax/Bcl‐2 after SCII. Furthermore, we found that Fra‐1 directly regulated the transcription expression of S100A8. We demonstrated that knockdown of Fra‐1 alleviated S100A8 mediated neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory factor release, thus improved motor function after SCII. Interestingly, we showed that administration of TAK‐242, the TLR4 inhibitor, to the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced rats suppressed the activation of the ERK and NF‐κB pathways, and further reduced Fra‐1 expression. In conclusion, we found that Fra‐1‐targeted S100A8 was expressed the upstream of Fra‐1, and the Fra‐1/S100A8 interaction formed a feedback loop in the signaling pathways activated by SCII.