bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the application of machine learning in astronomy and astrophysics: A text‐mining‐based scientometric analysis
Authors: Rodríguez José‐Víctor , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Ignacio , Woo Wai Lok 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince the beginning of the 21st century, the fields of astronomy and astrophysics have experienced significant growth at observational and computational levels, leading to the acquisition of increasingly huge volumes of data. In order to process this vast quantity of information, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are being combined with data mining to detect patterns with the aim of modeling, classifying or predicting the behavior of certain astronomical phenomena or objects. Parallel to the exponential development of the aforementioned techniques, the scientific output related to the application of AI and machine learning (ML) in astronomy and astrophysics has also experienced considerable growth in recent years. Therefore, the increasingly abundant articles make it difficult to monitor this field in terms of which research topics are the most prolific or novel, or which countries or authors are leading them. In this article, a text‐mining‐based scientometric analysis of scientific documents published over the last three decades on the application of AI and ML in the fields of astronomy and astrophysics is presented. The VOSviewer software and data from the Web of Science (WoS) are used to elucidate the evolution of publications in this research field, their distribution by country (including co‐authorship), the most relevant topics addressed, and the most cited elements and most significant co‐citations according to publication source and authorship. The obtained results demonstrate how application of AI/ML to the fields of astronomy/astrophysics represents an established and rapidly growing field of research that is crucial to obtaining scientific understanding of the universe.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Technologies > Machine Learning
Application Areas > Science and Technology
Applications of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: (Mary) Tai Hsueh-Yung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the application of National Health Insurance (NHI) big data in creating digital claim review tools and artificial intelligence (AI) training to improve review efficacy. By analyzing big data in the NHI medical information system, the National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA) can detect abnormal or unusual claims and efficiently reduce medical waste. AI models are further generated with the NHI big data to identify duplicated medical images and monitor the quality of uploaded images and test results from medical institutions.The NHIA also seeks external resources to explore the possibilities of diverse AI applications. Its big data have been applied to create an AI-based COVID-19 detection platform used by medical centers. Within it, high-risk patients’ X-ray images can be detected automatically and then an alert message is sent to doctors, thus preventing nosocomial COVID-19 infections.Besides a convenient digital claims system, the NHIA also provides contracted institutions with useful reminders, references, and graphic functions with figures and/or tables to help the quality of their self-management.
Digital Transformation of Big Data
Authors: Po-Chang Lee  , Ho Chih-Hsing , Wang Joyce Tsung-Hsi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe virtual National Health Insurance (NHI) card not only represents digitization but also enables contactless health care during the pandemic. Under the process of full-scale digitization, the National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA) continues to refine the health service delivery measures, especially in the field of home-based medical care and telemedicine.Under the personal data protection regulation, the NHI data are opened for academic research purposes. More than 6550 published journal articles have utilized the NHI data, and these articles are made searchable online to support health policy management and clinical research. The NHI medical images combined with the application of artificial intelligence (AI) are the cornerstones of Taiwan’s smart health care. Domestic research teams are eligible to use the NHI database to verify or build their AI models after their research proposals are approved by the Management Council of the AI Application of NHI Data. The NHIA also plans to use NHI big data to develop digital patient decision aids by establishing a two-way digital interaction model to address the concerns of the healthcare providers and the public. By comparing the secondary use of health data in different countries, Taiwan is seeking a balance between innovation and conservative policies and is creating an environment that ensures the well-being of the next generation.
Income Strategy
Authors: Po-Chang Lee  , Chen Mei-Hsin , Chiang Shu-Ching , Chang Yu-Pin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe National Health Insurance (NHI) is compulsory and provides universal health coverage to all citizens of Taiwan and those who have had a registered domicile, as well as foreigners holding alien residence certificates in Taiwan for 6 months. The right of the insured to access medical care is protected, whether they suffer from illness, injury or require reproductive care. This chapter introduces the financial structure of the NHI, enrolment eligibility and how the premiums are calculated for different insured groups and their insured units. The collection of supplementary premiums, which correlate additional premium contribution with non-salary-based income, is also explained. To maintain the financial independence and liability system of the NHI, by law, the premium rate is reviewed annually. Hence, the actuarial calculation of the premium rate plays a crucial role.
Comprehensive Policies
Authors: Po-Chang Lee  , Chang Yu-Pin , Tung Yu-Yun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the sharply escalating medical expenses, the National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA) has implemented a number of programs to contain expenditure, deliver patient-centered health care, and meet the medical needs of the super-aged society that Taiwan will face in the future.Taiwan has followed the steps of many advanced countries to separate medicine and pharmacy to promote medication safety. In this chapter, we describe various obstacles and contingent approaches to implementing a policy that is quite against the social norm. The outcome was analyzed to evaluate the effect of this controversial policy. To connect long-term care seamlessly after hospital discharge, discharge planning and follow-up management fees are covered by the National Health Insurance (NHI). The NHIA has also endeavored to encourage two-way referrals in the tiered medical care structure since 2017, hoping to improve the efficiency of the overall healthcare system through the redistribution of workload and the continuity of health care. Therefore, in addition to increasing the reimbursement for hospitalization and emergency treatment, differences in co-payment for referral visits from different levels of hospitals were applied to encourage better healthcare-seeking behavior. We also discuss the decision-making process of the on-going co-payment adjustment at the end of the chapter.
Pursuing Health Equity
Authors: Po-Chang Lee  , Liu Yu-Chuan , Chang Yu-Hsuan , Wang Joyce Tsung-Hsi , Chiang Shu-Ching , Tai Hsueh-Yung Mary 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter explains why National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA) decoupled the premium payment and right to health care to safeguard the medical right of the financially disadvantaged. Furthermore, various programs have been carried out to improve the accessibility and comprehensiveness of medical care for residents of remote and offshore islands. The National Health Insurance (NHI) has also progressively covered orphan drugs to meet the medical needs of patients with rare diseases.In addition to eliminating geographic and economic health disparity, the NHIA strives to improve health literacy and knowledge of the health insurance system of the public. “My Health Bank” was launched to enable its users to query personal medical and health information in real time to encourage self-health management and enhance the safety and quality of medical care. The NHI was introduced to elementary school pupils to acquaint the younger generation with its concept and have a more profound influence.
Infrastructure of the Medical Information System
Authors: (Mary) Tai Hsueh-Yung , Wu Shwu-Huey 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter explains how Taiwan has utilized its strong ICT industry to construct the National Health Insurance (NHI) medical information system, as well as the solid information security management and data protection mechanism behind it. The NHI medical information system was constructed to enable providers to make claims through a digital platform and ensure automated claim review. Then, it introduced the revolutionary centralization of medical records to the “National Health Insurance MediCloud System (NHI MediCloud System)”, which collects 12 categories of medical information. It allows medical providers to query patients’ medical records and share medical images in real time, which significantly improves efficiency and prevents unnecessary examinations or tests. Moreover, an application programming interface connection has also been launched so that medical institutions can use the in-house information system for data innovation and value-added applications. It could be used to remind physicians of drug duplication or interaction activity to protect patients’ safety.The last part of the chapter is about how Taiwan has integrated data across different government agencies to notify the providers when patients are at a high risk of COVID-19 infection, prevent the spread of COVID-19, and safeguard the health of all citizens.
Innovative Applications of the Medical Information
Authors: Po-Chang Lee  , Wu Shwu-Huey , Chang Yu-Pin , Wang Joyce Tsung-Hsi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA) began a pilot telemedicine program for people in remote areas after the Ministry of Health and Welfare expanded the eligibility for telemedicine. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the healthcare system also accelerated the inclusion of telemedicine in the scheme. This chapter discusses how 5G facilitates telemedicine services; for example, the virtual National Health Insurance (NHI) card could bring comprehensive medical service to more settings, such as home-based medical care, by virtualizing the identification process.The NHI played a pivotal role in Taiwan’s battle against COVID-19. Besides providing travel history, occupation, contact history, and cluster to medical providers on the NHI MediCloud systems, the NHI virtual private network system was used to distribute medical masks through contracted pharmacies in the early stage of the pandemic. Moreover, the NHIA pulled in data, including vaccination history and polymerase chain reaction test results, from the NHI database to the NHI Express app so that the public can manage their health promptly. The last part of the chapter discusses Taiwan’s successful story of opening data to the private sectors to carry out the name-based medical mask distribution system.
Drug and Medical Device Reimbursement
Authors: (Mary) Tai Hsueh-Yung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses the factors the National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA) considers when including drugs and medical devices in benefit packages and explains how their prices and categories are determined. Strategies such as annual drug price adjustment according to market price, Drug Expenditure Target, prevention of prescription duplication, etc., have been implemented to contain total drug expenditure while improving beneficiaries’ access to new drugs.The last part of this chapter thoroughly explains the Managed Entry Agreement (MEA) the National Health Insurance (NHI) applies to pay for new drugs, especially cancer treatments that have not been proven effective clinically. By signing such agreements with pharmaceutical companies, the NHI can accelerate patients’ access to the latest treatments while minimizing the financial impacts of new drugs.
Evolving Through the Looking Glass: Learning Improved Search Spaces with Variational Autoencoders
Authors: Bentley Peter J. , Lim Soo Ling , Gaier Adam , Tran Linh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNature has spent billions of years perfecting our genetic representations, making them evolvable and expressive. Generative machine learning offers a shortcut: learn an evolvable latent space with implicit biases towards better solutions. We present SOLVE: Search space Optimization with Latent Variable Evolution, which creates a dataset of solutions that satisfy extra problem criteria or heuristics, generates a new latent search space, and uses a genetic algorithm to search within this new space to find solutions that meet the overall objective. We investigate SOLVE on five sets of criteria designed to detrimentally affect the search space and explain how this approach can be easily extended as the problems become more complex. We show that, compared to an identical GA using a standard representation, SOLVE with its learned latent representation can meet extra criteria and find solutions with distance to optimal up to two orders of magnitude closer. We demonstrate that SOLVE achieves its results by creating better search spaces that focus on desirable regions, reduce discontinuities, and enable improved search by the genetic algorithm.
Einleitung
Authors: Catakli Derya 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungWurden noch vor wenigen Jahren digitale Technologien als Neuland bezeichnet und eine vierte industrielle Revolution beschworen, besteht heute kein Zweifel mehr daran: der Eintritt in das digitale Zeitalter ist bereits erfolgt. Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Zeitraum der Bearbeitung (2020/21) zeigen die Potenziale digitaler Technologien. Insbesondere in der Sars-CoV-2-Pandemie ermöglichte der Einsatz digitaler Technologien, auch in Zeiten wiederholter Lockdowns und eingeschränkter Mobilität Informations- und Güterflüsse aufrecht zu erhalten.
Digitalisierung und Kompetenzen
Authors: Catakli Derya 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungWie eingangs beschrieben, soll der vorliegenden Arbeit ein eigenständiges Begriffsverständnis der digitalen Kompetenzen zu Grunde gelegt werden, das sowohl auf digitalen Technologien aufbaut, als auch Ansätze aus der Kompetenzforschung zu einer Basisdefinition bündelt.
Verwaltung im digitalen Zeitalter
Authors: Catakli Derya 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie dargestellten Aspekte der Digitalisierung und den damit verbundenen Kompetenzfragen erfahren im Kontext der öffentlichen Verwaltung eine neue Dimension. Die öffentliche Verwaltung kann situativ nur bedingt frei handeln und hat auch in Bezug auf neueste Technologien und Willensbildungs- und Entscheidungsprozesse zahlreiche Grundsätze zu beachten, was dazu führt, dass Bedienstete des Öffentlichen Dienstes über einen eigenen Strauß an digitalen Kompetenzen verfügen müssen.
A Remote Attack Tool Against Siemens S7-300 Controllers: A Practical Report
Authors: Alsabbagh Wael , Langendoerfer Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a series of attacks against Siemens S7-300 programmable logic controllers (PLCs), using our remote IHP-Attack tool. Due to the lack of integrity checks in S7-300 PLCs, such controllers execute commands whether or not they are delivered from a legitimate user. Thus, they were exposed to various kind of cyber-attacks over the last years such as reply, bypass authentication and access control attacks. In this work, we build up our tool to carry out a series of attacks based on the existing reported vulnerabilities of S7-300 PLCs in the research community. For real world experimental scenarios, our tool is implemented on real hardware/software used in industrial settings (water level control system). IHP-Attack consists of many functionalities as follows: PNIO Scanner to Scan the industrial network and detect any available PLCs/CPs, etc. Inner Scanner to collect critical data about the target PLC’s software blocks. Authentication Bypass to check whether the PLC is password protected, and compromise the PLC. Our tool also shows that once an adversary reaches the target, he is capable of carrying out severe attacks e.g. replay and control hijacking attacks against the compromised controller. All the functions used in our tool are written in Python and based on powerful libraries such as Python-Snap7 and Scapy. The attacks performed in this work generate a very small traffic overhead and a quite short attack time which make them hard to detect by the workstation. We eventually found that deploying traditional detection methods is not sufficient to secure the system. Therefore, we suggest some possible mitigation solutions to secure industrial systems based on S7-300 PLCs from such attacks.
The Implementation of Proactive Asset Administration Shells: Evaluation of Possibilities and Realization in an Order Driven Production
Authors: Grunau Sergej , Redeker Magnus , Göllner Denis , Wisniewski Lukasz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA major benefit of Digital Twins is autonomous decision making. The concept of the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) enables an assets interaction in Industry 4.0 application scenarios and beyond. This article defines and validates implementation possibilities for proactive AASs by integrating their different types in an AAS infrastructure for an order driven production. The proactive AAS execute the VDI/VDE 2193-interaction protocol in a demonstrator. For this purpose suitable AAS submodels for production and storage are modeled.
Configuration Solution for SDN-Based Networks Interacting with Industrial Applications
Authors: Kobzan Thomas , Blöcher Immanuel , Hendel Maximilian , Althoff Simon , Schriegel Sebastian , Jasperneite Jürgen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVersatile production systems are a main concept of Industrie 4.0. In order to achieve the needed flexibility and changeability of those systems, the industrial network has to become more adaptable as well. The density of the interconnection between industrial applications increases as well as the interconnection of the industrial network management and these applications. In order to configure the industrial network appropriately, a network management has to be able to identify the requirements of the industrial applications regarding their needed network services and the quality of service. Furthermore, it can be enabled to find alternative configurations, if certain requirements cannot be met, even if it has to influence the industrial process itself.This paper presents a solution that uses Software-defined Networking (SDN) and OPC UA in combination and achieves a higher amount of flexibility by interacting with the industrial process. For this, the network management gets enabled to influence the industrial process if the quality of service demands of the industrial applications cannot be guaranteed. Additionally, it is able to switch network paths to alternative routes and configures them by using OpenFlow-based SDN switches. The solution is implemented according to a described industrial use case, which underlines the necessity of this solution.
Vergleich von Ethernet TSN-Nutzungskonzepten
Authors: Leßmann Gunnar , Biendarra Alexander , Schriegel Sebastian 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungBei der Nutzung von IEEE Standards mit dem Schwerpunkt Time Sensitive Networks (TSN) gibt es unterschiedliche mögliche Nutzungskonzepte. Zwei wesentliche Konzepte können unterschieden und anhand von Kriterien verglichen werden. Diese Nutzungskonzepte sind in Bezug auf das Netzwerk diversitär und haben je nach Nutzungskontext Vorteile und Nachteile. Während ein Konzept unter Nutzung von Preemption und Strict Priority in Netzwerken mit skalierter Datenrate Vorteile im Bereich von Speichergrößen der Bridges und Bandbreitennutzung für Best Effort-Daten zeigt, bietet Time Aware Shaping (TAS) insbesondere in Netzwerksegmenten mit einer Datenrate von 100 MBit/s eine kleinere Latenzzeit.
Vergleichende Untersuchung von PROFINET-Redundanzkonzepten für hochverfügbare Automatisierungssysteme
Authors: Niemann Karl-Heinz , Stelljes Sebastian 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungEinige Hersteller des industriellen Kommunikationssystems PROFINET bieten bereits Produkte für hochverfügbare Systeme an. Durch immer weiter steigende Anforderungen entstehen wiederum hohe Erwartungen an die Verfügbarkeit. Hochverfügbare Systeme besitzen die Eigenschaft, die Verfügbarkeit von Automatisierungsanlagen zu verbessern, um eine fortlaufende und möglichst unterbrechungsfreie Produktion zu gewähren. Dieser Artikel setzt sich daher mit der Untersuchung von geeigneten Automatisierungsnetzwerken auseinander, die anhand ihrer Verfügbarkeit und deren funktionalen Eigenschaften bewertet werden.In Kap. 1 erfolgt eine Beschreibung zu den Grundlagen der Verfügbarkeit. Wesentliche Kenngrößen werden erläutert, die auf Basis der Verfügbarkeit zu berücksichtigen sind. Ergänzt wird dieses Kapitel durch die Vorstellung von Berechnungsverfahren, die gesetzmäßig für das Ermitteln von Verfügbarkeiten verwendet werden. Am Ende dieses Kapitels erfolgt eine Klassifizierung der Verfügbarkeitswerte, das anhand einer tabellarischen Übersicht nachzuvollziehen ist.Im weiteren Verlauf dieses Artikels werden vier verschiedene Topologiekonzepte in Kap. 2 präsentiert, die einen Überblick liefern, mit welchen Redundanzkonzepten hohe Verfügbarkeiten erzielt werden können. Für die abschließende Betrachtung der Topologien wird für den Vergleich der vorgestellten Konzepte ein Balkendiagramm als Referenz genutzt, welches Erkenntnisse zu den Ausfallzeiten liefert. Dieser Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse der Bachelorarbeit von Herrn Sebastian Stelljes zusammen. Eine erweiterte Fassung dieser Arbeit ist unter (Stelljes S, Niemann K-H. Hochverfügbare Automationsnetzwerke am Beispiel von PROFINET, Research Paper, Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, https://doi.org/10.25968/opus-1690) als Research-Paper verfügbar.
Sichere Kommunikation für kollaborative Systeme
Authors: Yu Tianzhe , Meisberger Karsten , Persico Giuliano , Raddatz Hannes , Tekkalmaz Metin , Riedl Matthias 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungVerbesserte Integration von Mitarbeitern, Maschinenkonnektivität und dezentralisierte kooperative Steuerungssysteme spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Flexibilisierung von Produktionssystemen. Cyber-Physische Systeme zur Maschinensteuerung, mobile HMI- oder SCADA-Systeme werden zunehmend über Internet-basierte Technologien verbunden. Diese offene Kommunikation erfordert Strategien, um die Datenintegrität und Sicherheit zu schützen. Basierend auf einer STRIDE-Analyse präsentiert der Beitrag Vorschläge, wie der Datenaustausch sowohl zwischen CPS als auch zwischen CPS und mobiler HMI mittels IoT-Kommunikation gesichert werden kann, wobei die Praktikabilität eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Konzepte realisierbar sind und derzeit prototypisch erprobt werden. Zukünftige Arbeiten werden sich auf die detaillierte Bewertung hinsichtlich der Kommunikationsleistung und die Bestimmung des Code-Overheads der vorgestellten Lösungen konzentrieren.
CANopen Flying Master Over TSN
Authors: Olaya Santiago Soler Perez , Winkel Alexander , Ehrlich Marco , Majumder Mainak , Schupp Artur , Wollschlaeger Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the constant evolution of industrial systems, there is currently a strong trend towards Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN). This trend corresponds with the upcoming requirements of integration and flexibility in the Smart Factories and the fusion of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT). However, industrial environments using legacy communication are still used in existing shop floors. One example to implement redundant interconnections and communication via heterogeneous networks is presented here using the CANopen Flying Master technology and a TSN backbone.