bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic transport modeling for liquid electrolytes ‐ Experimental evaluation by concentration gradients and limited currents
Authors: Schalenbach Maximilian , Hecker Burkhard , Schmid Bernhard , Durmus Yasin Emre , Tempel Hermann , Kungl Hans , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA direct current in an electrochemical cell with a diluted liquid electrolyte leads to the displacement of ions within the solvent, while diffusion works against the resulting concentration differences. This study aims to experimentally evaluate a physicochemical ion transport model (source code provided) that describes current‐driven concentration gradients in diluted electrolytes. Hereto, an aqueous 0.1 M CuSO4 electrolyte between metallic copper electrodes serves as an experimental test system. Spatially resolved optical measurements are used to monitor the evolution of the ion concentration gradient in the electrolyte. Moreover, measured limited currents are related to computationally modeled concentration gradients. A constant parameterization of the diffusion coefficient, molar conductivity and ion transport number lead to a slight overestimation of the cathodic ion depletion and cell resistance, whereas a literature data based concentration dependent parameterization matches better to the measured data. The limited current is considered under a computational parameter variation and thereby related to the physicochemical impact of different electrolyte properties on the ion transport. This approach highlights the differences between purely diffusion limited currents and the limited current resulting from the combined electric field and diffusion driven ion motion. A qualitative schematic sketch of the physical mechanisms of the ion movement is presented to illustrate the current driven ion displacement in liquid electrolytes.
Photovoltaic distributed generation integrated electrical distribution system for development of sustainable energy using reliability assessment indices and levelized cost of electricity
Authors: Tamoor Muhammad , Abu Bakar Tahir Muhammad , Zaka Muhammad Ans , Iqtidar Eizad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReliability assessment index is one of the main performance indicator for analyzing the impact of distributed energy generation system in the utility distribution system and minimize the costs associated with energy interruptions. In this study, sustainable energy development by using integrated photovoltaic distributed generation (DG) system considering reliability assessment indices and levelized cost of energy are presented. Electrical transient and analysis program simulation software are used for evaluation and assessment of the reliability indices based on the failure rate, average annual power interruption/outage time and repair time. The analytical method are used to evaluate the expected interruption cost (ECOST) of the system. HelioScope software is a photovoltaic simulation tool are used to design and calculate the energy generation (kWh) as well as global horizontal irradiation (kWh/m2) of the photovoltaic system. Experimental test system is a radial distribution network consisting of an 11.0 kV feeder emanating from 132.0 kV distribution grid station Satiana. According to the reliability evaluation and assessment of experimental test system before integration of photovoltaic distributed energy generation, the average service availability index (ASAI) is 0.9648 per unit. Then, the expected energy not supplied (EENS) is 772.0308 MWh per year and ECOST is 386,652,468.18 PKR per year. After integration of Photovoltaic DG, ASAI is 0.9741 per unit, then the EENS is 563.8584 MWh per year and integration ECOST is 227,087,143.39 PKR per year. The results showed that integrated PV DG system improve the reliability of conventional energy distribution systems.
Theoretical models of key parameters for performance‐based seismic design of new partially connected steel plate shear wall with vertical square tube stiffeners
Authors: An Yonghui , Liu Kang , Cui Ranting , Zhou Guojie , Ou Jinping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe main problems of steel plate shear walls in current studies can be grouped into two categories: the unexpected bulky column or column failure in fully connected steel plate shear walls (FCSPSWs), and the low shear capacity in steel plate shear walls attached to the beam only (BOSPSW). Therefore, a partially connected steel plate shear wall with vertical square tube stiffeners (PCSPSW‐VSTS) is proposed in this work. There are three contribution points. Firstly, flexural stiffness thresholds of beams for BOSPSW and PCSPSW‐VSTS are proposed to ensure the uniform partial tension fields in the infill plates. Secondly, theoretical models of tension field inclination angles in BOSPSW and PCSPSW‐VSTS are proposed. Comparison results using proposed theoretical models, experiments, and simulations indicate that the proposed equations for the inclination angle can accurately predict the direction of principal tension stress for BOSPSW and PCSPSW‐VSTS. Thirdly, the shear capacity theoretical model of PCSPSW‐VSTS is proposed, which agrees well with experimental and numerical results. Besides, parametric studies of PCSPSW‐VSTS are conducted to investigate energy dissipation behavior and the effect of various stiffeners, which show that the square tube stiffener is efficient and economical, and the behavior of PCSPSW‐VSTS is better than that of FCSPSW in terms of shear capacity and energy dissipation. The proposed theoretical models can be adopted to develop the performance‐based seismic design of BOSPSW and PCSPSW‐VSTS. The proposed theoretical models avoid the simulation, the experiment, and the complicated solution of governing equations, which are suitable for designing buildings with SPSW in high‐intensity areas.
Ergebnisse aus dem EU‐H2020‐Projekt ThermoDrill – Ein Beitrag der Felsmechanik zur effizienteren Gewinnung geothermischer Energie
Authors: Stoxreiter Thomas , Galler Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe urgent need to speed up the process of reducing CO2 emissions, as well as to stimulate the production and use of renewable energy demands sophisticated technologies to reach these goals. By developing an advanced drilling technology, the EU H2020 project ThermoDrill set itself the target to make the utilization of geothermal energy more economical. The new drilling technology is based on the combination of rotary drilling and high‐pressure fluid jetting. Rock mechanics largely contributes to the achievement of the common purpose of the project. Especially the investigation of the rock destruction process due to the combined hydraulic and mechanical impact plays a major role. The results are based on extensive experimental research concerning rock fracture under varying conditions. Additionally, various methods of crack detection are applied to identify the underlying mechanisms of the drilling technology. As a result, the specifications of the developed prototypes are to a considerable amount based on the rock mechanical findings. The huge potential of the advanced drilling technology is supported by the results of laboratory tests and field tests.
Discharge improvement of a phase change material‐air‐based thermal energy storage unit for space heating applications using metal foams in the air sides
Authors: Mohammed Hayder I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines the energy discharge of a phase‐changing material (PCM)‐based air heat exchanger using a metal foam inside the heat transfer fluid (HTF) channel. Such systems have various potential applications in the heating space and building ecosystem. Thermal energy storage (TES) often utilizes air as the HTF, which limits the heat transfer performance due to the low thermal conductivity. This paper aims to address this drawback via incorporating a metal foam into the HTF channel to enhance the thermal performance between the heat transfer fluid (air) and the PCM, which is considered as the novel side of this study. The combined system is mathematically modeled with an symmetrical, three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics method for various flow rates and inlet temperatures of the HTF with different geometric parameters of the metal foam. This study indicates the advantage of utilizing the porous medium in the air channel. The results show the HTF flow rate has a great influence on the discharging rate. The presence of the porous medium in the system improves the discharging process by 116% compared with a non‐porous medium system at the same flow rate. The discharging time decreases by increasing the porosity, and the value of 90% is found as the best porosity value at the flow rate of 0.005 kg/s in this system. The solidification rate is proportional to the pore density because of the surface area impacts of the porous medium, also the pressure‐drop and the pumping required are highly affected by the mentioned dependent parameters.
N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine
Authors: James Edward , Keppler Joachim , L Robertshaw Thomas , Sessa Ben 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveReports have indicated possible uses of ayahuasca for the treatment of conditions including depression, addictions, post‐traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and specific psychoneuroendocrine immune system pathologies. The article assesses potential ayahuasca and N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) integration with contemporary healthcare. The review also seeks to provide a summary of selected literature regarding the mechanisms of action of DMT and ayahuasca; and assess to what extent the state of research can explain reports of unusual phenomenology.DesignA narrative review.ResultsCompounds in ayahuasca have been found to bind to serotonergic receptors, glutaminergic receptors, sigma‐1 receptors, trace amine‐associated receptors, and modulate BDNF expression and the dopaminergic system. Subjective effects are associated with increased delta and theta oscillations in amygdala and hippocampal regions, decreased alpha wave activity in the default mode network, and stimulations of vision‐related brain regions particularly in the visual association cortex. Both biological processes and field of consciousness models have been proposed to explain subjective effects of DMT and ayahuasca, however, the evidence supporting the proposed models is not sufficient to make confident conclusions. Ayahuasca plant medicine and DMT represent potentially novel treatment modalities.ConclusionsFurther research is required to clarify the mechanisms of action and develop treatments which can be made available to the general public. Integration between healthcare research institutions and reputable practitioners in the Amazon is recommended.
Microstructure‐dependent crevice corrosion damage of implant materialsCoCr28Mo6,TiAl6V4andREX734 under severe inflammatory conditions
Authors: Herbster Maria , Rosemann Paul , Michael Oliver , Harnisch Karsten , Ecke Martin , Heyn Andreas , Lohmann Christoph H. , Bertrand Jessica , Halle Thorsten 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFretting corrosion is associated with increased risk of premature implant failure. In this complex in vivo corrosion system, the contribution of static crevice corrosion of the joined metal alloys is still unknown. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for testing crevice corrosion behavior that simulates the physiological conditions of modular taper junctions and to identify critical factors on corrosion susceptibility. Samples of medical grade CoCr28Mo6 cast and wrought alloy, TiAl6V4 wrought alloy and REX 734 stainless steel were prepared metallographically and the microstructure was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crevice formers that mimic typical geometries of taper junctions were developed. Crevice corrosion immersion tests were performed in different physiological fluids (bovine serum or phosphate buffered saline with additives of 30 mM H2O2at pH = 1) for 4 weeks at 37°C. SEM with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy as well as focused ion beam were used to characterize the surface morphology, investigate present damages and identify the chemical composition of residues. Macroscopic inspection showed increased crevice corrosion susceptibility of TiAl6V4 and REX 734 under severe simulated inflammatory conditions. CoCr28Mo6 cast alloy exhibited degraded areas next to Cr‐ and Mo‐rich precipitations that were located within the opposed crevices. The results indicate that aggressive electrolyte composition and crevice heights of 50–500 μm are critical influencing factors on crevice corrosion of biomedical alloys. Furthermore, manufacturing‐related microstructure of common implant alloys determines the deterioration of corrosion resistance. The developed method should be used to enhance the corrosion resistance of common implant biomaterials by an adapted microstructure.
Protective effects of recombinant human golimumab and pentoxifylline in nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin
Authors: Pavitrakar Vishal N. , Mody Rustom , Ravindran Selvan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity, the significant role of activation of inflammatory pathways has been reported earlier. Studies indicate elevated expression and activity of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in both, serum and kidneys of cisplatin‐treated animals. Golimumab, an anti‐TNF biologic, has been approved for the management of many inflammatory conditions. This experiment was planned and executed to evaluate the impact of golimumab on renal function, inflammation in cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity in mice, and oxidative stress. Cisplatin (22 mg/kg) as a single intraperitoneal injection was used to induce nephrotoxicity in mice. Golimumab was administered at 24 mg/kg for 7 days by subcutaneous route. Pentoxifylline (PTX) was administered for 7 days (150 mg/kg) as a reference standard. Renal functions, oxidative stress, and inflammation were evaluated on the seventh day. Cisplatin administration in mice caused a significant rise in serum cystatin C, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin. A significant rise of urinary clusterin, kidney injury molecule‐1, and β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase levels was also seen in cisplatin‐treated animals. Furthermore, cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity was associated with a significant increase in oxidative stress and inflammation in serum and kidneys. Golimumab treatment significantly prevented the cisplatin‐induced alteration in markers of renal function and renal damage. There was a significant reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation in golimumab‐treated animals. Furthermore, the histopathological evaluation also revealed inverted changes in the proximal tubules after golimumab treatment in kidneys after cisplatin toxicity. The standard drug, PTX, also prevented nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin as indicated by the recovery in renal function, reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation. These results indicate that golimumab was effective in nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin through inhibition of oxidative stress, and inflammatory response.
Long‐term sulfamethazine leaching simulation in two different soils using the MACRO model
Authors: Spill Caroline , Gassmann Matthias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhysically based models have been part of many risk assessment studies concerning pesticide or nutrient transport within (sub)catchments or at plot scale, but they are only poorly validated for simulating the transport of veterinary medicinal products. Veterinary medicinal products not only pose a risk to the quality of our waters but also tend to accumulate in soils, where they are associated with the appearance of resistant bacteria and long‐term leaching. In this study, the physically based leaching model MACRO 5.2 was applied for simulating sulfamethazine (SMZ) transport over a period of more than 10 yr. The model was set up using reversible kinetic adsorption and equilibrium adsorption forming non‐extractable residues. Two different calibration periods were used to estimate uncertainties in predicted SMZ leaching associated with calibration based on short‐term data. Using the whole period for model calibration, SMZ leaching could be simulated adequately, but parameter ranges were wide due to correlation between the parameters. When using only the first period for calibration, the quality of the prediction strongly depended on the information content of the data set. The calculation of temporal sensitivity indices revealed that the effect of complex sorption parameters on the model output increased with time. Thus, parameters that appeared insensitive in a short‐term calibration were required for reliable long‐term simulations. In conclusion, a temporal sensitivity analysis beyond the calibration period might identify parameters that were not constrained enough by the calibration procedure. This could help to confirm leaching predictions even for periods without sampling data.
Variation in brain volume in nine populations and three taxa of the African striped mouse Rhabdomys
Authors: Neves Candice Nikita , Pillay Neville 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBrain size can vary between populations in different environments because of different selection pressures on behaviours, such as learning and memory, related to spatial, social and environmental differences. We investigated the variation in total and broad‐scale regional brain size in the murid rodent genus Rhabdomys from different environments. We assessed taxon‐, population‐ and sex‐level differences in total and regional brain volume in three populations each of three taxa (arid‐occurring Rhabdomys pumilio and mesic‐occurring Rhabdomys dilectus chakae and R. d. dilectus) originating across southern Africa. We μCT‐scanned crania obtained from museums in South Africa and used digital software to create endocasts and extract total endocranium and regional volumes: olfactory bulb, anterior cerebrum, posterior cerebrum, cerebellum volume and petrosal volume. Total endocranial volume scaled with basal skull length and all‐region volumes scaled with total endocranial volume. We found taxon‐, and population‐level differences in total endocranial volume. Relative anterior and posterior cerebrum volume did not differ significantly between taxa or populations, but relative cerebellum volume was larger in arid populations than mesic populations. Relative olfactory bulb volume was larger in mesic R. dilectus than in the R. pumilio, but petrosal lobule volume was larger in R. pumilio populations than in R. dilectus. Males had larger total endocranial volumes than females. Drivers of larger total endocranial volumes in R. pumilio are not immediately clear from our results. Environmental seasonality of food availability, cognitive buffering and locomotion may all correlate with total endocranial volume size, whereas the influence of sociality cannot be excluded. The environment and degree of semi‐arboreality are likely driving variation in cerebellum, olfactory bulb and petrosal lobule volumes.
Evaluation of the duration of dual‐antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective audit on the compliance with guidelines or cardiologist recommendation
Authors: Ho Wing Man , Hill Courtney , Michael Hayley , Winckel Karl 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionClinical guidelines define 12 months or less of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) as standard therapy post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients taking DAPT post‐PCI for the appropriate duration recommended by guidelines or the treating cardiologist at a large tertiary hospital in Brisbane.MethodsA total of 105 patients, who were first admitted to Princess Alexandra Hospital (PAH) for PCI and were subsequently readmitted at least 12 months later, were audited. The appropriateness of continuation or cessation of DAPT was determined by comparing actual duration with the duration planned by the cardiologist and the duration recommended by clinical guidelines.ResultsSixty‐six percent (n = 70) of patients were found to be still taking DAPT on readmission. DAPT duration for 32% (n = 34) patients was compliant with the recommendations of guidelines or treating cardiologist, with 10% (n = 11) and 57% (n = 60) being shorter and longer than recommendations of guidelines or treating cardiologist respectively.ConclusionUnwarranted extended use of DAPT is highly prevalent at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, and places patients at risk of bleeding complications.
Phenotype and genotype spectrum of variants in guanine nucleotide exchange factor genes in a broad cohort of Iranian patients
Authors: Mosallaei Meysam , Ehtesham Naeim , Beheshtian Maryam , Khoshbakht Shahrouz , Davarnia Behzad , Kahrizi Kimia , Najmabadi Hossein 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundGuanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) play pivotal roles in neuronal cell functions by exchanging GDP to GTP nucleotide and activation of GTPases. We aimed to determine the genotype and phenotype spectrum of GEF mutations by collecting data from a large Iranian cohort with intellectual disability (ID) and/or developmental delay (DD).MethodsWe collected data from nine families with 20 patients extracted from Iranian cohort of 640 families with ID and/or DD. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify the causing variants in recruited families. We also compared our clinical and molecular findings with previously reported patients carrying mutations in these GEF genes in the literature published until mid‐2021.ResultsWe identified disease‐causing variants in eight GEF genes including ALS2, IQSEC2, MADD, RAB3GAP1, RAB3GAP2, TRIO, ITSN1, and DENND2A. The major clinical manifestations in 203 previously reported cases along with our 20 patients with disease causing variants in eight GEF genes were as follow; speech disorder (85.2%), ID (81.6%), DD (81.1%), inability to walk (71.3%), facial dysmorphisms features (52.4%), abnormalities in skull morphology (55.6%), hypotonia and muscle weakness (47%), and brain MRI abnormalities (43.4%).ConclusionOur study provides new insights into the genotype and phenotype spectrum of mutations in GEF genes.
A horn antenna with circular aperture for pipeline water cut measurement
Authors: Zeng Qunfeng , Liu Qi , Li Gaokai , Jiang Hao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA horn antenna with circular aperture is proposed and designed based on the variation of the attenuation amplitude and the attenuation of electromagnetic wave in pipeline in the present paper. The simulation and tests show that the gain of the antenna is 15 dB and the return loss is −12.5 dB. The simulation and experimental results of simulated pipeline water cut test also show that the antenna was used to measure the water content in the range of 0%–100% of the water and oil in the pipeline. The water cut measurement of water and oil is less affected by the mixing type of oil–water mixture in the pipeline, because the main lobe of the antenna is located in the pipeline and the antenna has good directivity. The design of antenna in microwave sensor is useful for the field‐testing and fundamental research.