bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SyNPL: Synthetic Notch pluripotent cell lines to monitor and manipulate cell interactions in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Malaguti Mattias , Portero Migueles Rosa , Annoh Jennifer , Sadurska Daina , Blin Guillaume , Lowell Sally 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Cell-cell interactions govern differentiation and cell competition in pluripotent cells during early development, but the investigation of such processes is hindered by a lack of efficient analysis tools. Here, we introduce SyNPL: clonal pluripotent stem cell lines that employ optimised Synthetic Notch (SynNotch) technology to report cell-cell interactions between engineered ‘sender’ and ‘receiver’ cells in cultured pluripotent cells and chimaeric mouse embryos. A modular design makes it straightforward to adapt the system for programming differentiation decisions non-cell-autonomously in receiver cells in response to direct contact with sender cells. We demonstrate the utility of this system by enforcing neuronal differentiation at the boundary between two cell populations. In summary, we provide a new adaptation of SynNotch technology that could be used to identify cell interactions and to profile changes in gene or protein expression that result from direct cell-cell contact with defined cell populations in culture and in early embryos, and that can be customised to generate synthetic patterning of cell fate decisions.
Translation initiation factor eIF4G1 modulates assembly of the polypeptide exit tunnel region in yeast ribosome biogenesis
Authors: Tseng Yun-Ting , Sung Yu-Cheng , Liu Ching-Yu , Lo Kai-Yin 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
eIF4G is an important eukaryotic translation initiation factor. In this study, eIF4G1, one of the eIF4G isoforms, was shown to directly participate in biogenesis of the large (60S) ribosomal subunit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Mutation of eIF4G1 decreased the amount 60S ribosomal subunits significantly. The C-terminal fragment of eIF4G1 could complement the function in 60S biogenesis. Analyses of its purified complex with mass spectrometry indicated that eIF4G1 associated with the pre-60S form directly. Strong genetic and direct protein–protein interactions were observed between eIF4G1 and Ssf1 protein. Upon deletion of eIF4G1, Ssf1, Rrp15, Rrp14 and Mak16 were abnormally retained on the pre-60S complex. This purturbed the loading of Arx1 and eL31 at the polypeptide exit tunnel (PET) site and the transition to a Nog2 complex. Our data indicate that eIF4G1 is important in facilitating PET maturation and 27S processing correctly.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Metabolic Alterations Differentiating Cardiovascular Maladaptation from Athletic Training in American-Style Football Athletes
Authors: TSO JASON V. , LIU CHANG , TURNER CASEY G. , UPPAL KARAN , PRABAKARAN GANESH , EJAZ KIRAN , BAGGISH AARON L. , JONES DEAN P. , QUYYUMI ARSHED A. , KIM JONATHAN H. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Metabolomics identifies molecular products produced in response to numerous stimuli, including both adaptive (includes exercise training) and disease processes. We analyzed a longitudinal cohort of American-style football (ASF) athletes, who reliably acquire maladaptive cardiovascular (CV) phenotypes during competitive training, with high-resolution metabolomics to determine whether metabolomics can discriminate exercise-induced CV adaptations from early CV pathology.

Methods
Matched discovery (n = 42) and validation (n = 40) multicenter cohorts of collegiate freshman ASF athletes were studied with longitudinal echocardiography, applanation tonometry, and high-resolution metabolomics. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry identified metabolites that changed (P < 0.05, false discovery rate <0.2) over the season. Metabolites demonstrating similar changes in both cohorts were further analyzed in linear and mixed-effects models to identify those associated with left ventricular mass, tissue-Doppler myocardial E′ velocity (diastolic function), and arterial function (pulse wave velocity).

Results
In both cohorts, 20 common metabolites changed similarly across the season. Metabolites reflective of favorable CV health included an increase in arginine and decreases in hypoxanthine and saturated fatty acids (heptadecanoate, arachidic acid, stearate, and hydroxydecanoate). In contrast, metabolic perturbations of increased lysine and pipecolate, reflective of adverse CV health, were also observed. Adjusting for player position, race, height, and changes in systolic blood pressure, weight, and pulse wave velocity, increased lysine (β = 0.018, P = 0.02) and pipecolate (β = 0.018, P = 0.02) were associated with increased left ventricular mass index. In addition, increased lysine (β = −0.049, P = 0.01) and pipecolate (β = −0.052, P = 0.008) were also associated with lower E′ (reduced diastolic function).

Conclusions
ASF athletes seem to develop metabolomic changes reflective of both favorable CV health and early CV maladaptive phenotypes. Whether metabolomics can discriminate early pathologic CV transformations among athletes is a warranted future research direction.
Pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae require multiple culture temperatures for detection in Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: McKernan Kevin , Helbert Yvonne , Kane Liam T , Zhang Lei , Houde Nathan , Bennett Anne , Silva Juliana , Ebling Heather , McLaughlin Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Background: Cannabis safety testing requires adequate detection of a broad class of bacteria known as Enterobacteria, from the family of Enterobacteriaceae. These organisms are responsible for many food-borne illnesses including gastroenteritis, and are common targets in the food testing industry. While all these organisms contain 16S DNA, not all of them grow on commercial culture-based platforms at a single culture temperature. Methods: We assessed four Enterobacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila, Pantoea agglomerans, Yersinia enterocolitica, Rahnella aquatilis) that vary in their preferred culture temperature, human pathogenicity and prevalence in cannabis. We cultured them on two different plating media and compared these results to two different qPCR assays. Results: All four bacteria grew on one plating medium at 30°C. 75% of them failed to grow at 36°C. Using a different plating medium, 75% grew at 30°C and zero grew at 36°C. Two different commercialy available quantitative PCR assays detected 100% of the organisms. Conclusions: Several Enterobacteria are highly medium- and temperature-sensitive, and can easily evade culture-based detection. Some of these bacteria are known to infect cannabis and may pose a clinical risk to cannabis trimmers or consumers. Quantitative PCR detected all of these species. Quantitative PCR is often criticized for failing to discern live versus dead DNA, but the definition of “live” is dependent on the culture medium and temperature used.
Establishment of diagnostic reference level and radiation dose variation in head & neck and pelvis treatment planning in radiation therapy computed tomography
Authors: Rao Ms. Shreekripa , Kadavigere Dr. Rajagopal , Sharan Dr. Krishna , Sukumar Dr. Suresh , GC Mr. Srinidhi , Dsouza Mrs. Rechal Nisha , S Mr. Suman 
Published: May 2022

Background: This observational study aims to establish a discrepancy in the radiation dose distributed for head & neck and pelvis localization in Computed Tomography (CT) imaging in radiation therapy. The objective and need of the current study are to establish Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) for head & neck and pelvic CT protocols in Radiation Therapy planning and compare them with other regional, national and international DRL. The established DRL will be used to find further optimized DRL for Radiation Therapy Computed Tomography (RTCT). Methods: A total of 120 patients with Head & Neck cancers and 90 patients with pelvic cancers to be treated with radiotherapy prescribed for the RTCT with ages above 18 years old and above were included in the current study. The advanced Philips 16 slice big bore CT acquired all the CT simulation images. Results: Third quartile standards of Dose Length Product and effective dose for Head & Neck, and pelvis were 790.65mGy.cm, 2.45179 mSv, and 999.7 mGy.cm, 15.48mSv respectively. The third quartile CTDIvol value for the same order of procedure is 17.6 mGy. Tube voltage of 120kVp and 300mAs and used for radiotherapy planning. Conclusion: The first regional Radiation therapy Computed tomography simulation Diagnostic reference levels have been projected and deliver a platform for dose evaluation and optimization due to the limited number of papers on radiation therapy, computed tomography, and diagnostic reference levels. Comparison with previously available RT CT diagnostic reference levels indicated some radiation dose variation, so exposure parameters should be revised and improved.
Mindful Caring: A pilot study of an online mindfulness workshop for medical students to improve self-compassion
Authors: Tan Guan Hao Chester , Hong Daniel Zhihao , Lim Isis Claire Zhen Yu , Toh Ying Pin , Loh Victor Weng Keong , Lien Virginia 
Published: May 2022

Background: This study examines the effectiveness of a pilot Mindful Caring workshop in improving self-compassion, mindfulness, and empathy, while reducing stress. Methods: Year 3 and 4 medical students from the National University of Singapore underwent 16 hours of online workshops over 4 days with didactic and experiential learning activities on self-compassion and mindfulness. Primary outcomes of self-compassion were measured with the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Secondary outcomes include mindfulness measured with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-15 (FFMQ-15), empathy and stress levels. Qualitative comments were also sought in the feedback. Results: Out of 21 participants, 90.5% (n =19) completed both pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Participants experienced significant mean improvements in self-compassion (p<0.05) and mindfulness (p<0.05), while improvements in empathy and stress levels did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: A short online Mindful Caring workshop could be an avenue to improve self-compassion and mindfulness, which may have a downstream effect on burnout.
SCoVMod – a spatially explicit mobility and deprivation adjusted model of first wave COVID-19 transmission dynamics
Authors: Banks Christopher J. , Colman Ewan , Doherty Thomas , Tearne Oliver , Arnold Mark , Atkins Katherine E. , Balaz Daniel , Beaunée Gaël , Bessell Paul R. , Enright Jessica , Kleczkowski Adam , Rossi Gianluigi , Ruget Anne-Sophie , Kao Rowland R. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Mobility restrictions prevent the spread of infections to disease-free areas, and early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most countries imposed severe restrictions on mobility as soon as it was clear that containment of local outbreaks was insufficient to control spread. These restrictions have adverse impacts on the economy and other aspects of human health, and it is important to quantify their impact for evaluating their future value. Methods: Here we develop Scotland Coronavirus transmission Model (SCoVMod), a model for COVID-19 in Scotland, which presents unusual challenges because of its diverse geography and population conditions. Our fitted model captures spatio-temporal patterns of mortality in the first phase of the epidemic to a fine geographical scale. Results: We find that lockdown restrictions reduced transmission rates down to an estimated 12\% of its pre-lockdown rate. We show that, while the timing of COVID-19 restrictions influences the role of the transmission rate on the number of COVID-related deaths, early reduction in long distance movements does not. However, poor health associated with deprivation has a considerable association with mortality; the Council Area (CA) with the greatest health-related deprivation was found to have a mortality rate 2.45 times greater than the CA with the lowest health-related deprivation considering all deaths occurring outside of carehomes. Conclusions: We find that in even an early epidemic with poor case ascertainment, a useful spatially explicit model can be fit with meaningful parameters based on the spatio-temporal distribution of death counts. Our simple approach is useful to strategically examine trade-offs between travel related restrictions and physical distancing, and the effect of deprivation-related factors on outcomes.
Context effects on object recognition in real-world environments: A study protocol
Authors: Nicholls Victoria I. , Alsbury-Nealy Benjamin , Krugliak Alexandra , Clarke Alex 
Published: May 2022

Background: The environments that we live in impact on our ability to recognise objects, with recognition being facilitated when objects appear in expected locations (congruent) compared to unexpected locations (incongruent). However, these findings are based on experiments where the object is isolated from its environment. Moreover, it is not clear which components of the recognition process are impacted by the environment. In this experiment, we seek to examine the impact real world environments have on object recognition. Specifically, we will use mobile electroencephalography (mEEG) and augmented reality (AR) to investigate how the visual and semantic processing aspects of object recognition are changed by the environment. Methods: We will use AR to place congruent and incongruent virtual objects around indoor and outdoor environments. During the experiment a total of 34 participants will walk around the environments and find these objects while we record their eye movements and neural signals. We will perform two primary analyses. First, we will analyse the event-related potential (ERP) data using paired samples t-tests in the N300/400 time windows in an attempt to replicate congruency effects on the N300/400. Second, we will use representational similarity analysis (RSA) and computational models of vision and semantics to determine how visual and semantic processes are changed by congruency. Conclusions: Based on previous literature, we hypothesise that scene-object congruence would facilitate object recognition. For ERPs, we predict a congruency effect in the N300/N400, and for RSA we predict that higher level visual and semantic information will be represented earlier for congruent scenes than incongruent scenes. By collecting mEEG data while participants are exploring a real-world environment, we will be able to determine the impact of a natural context on object recognition, and the different processing stages of object recognition.
Information Nudges and Self-Control
Authors: Mariotti Thomas , Schweizer Nikolaus , Szech Nora , von Wangenheim Jonas 
Published: May 2022

We study the optimal design of information nudges directed to present-biased consumers who make consumption decisions over time without exact prior knowledge of their long-term consequences. For any distribution of risks, there exists a consumer-optimal information nudge that is of cutoff type, recommending abstinence if the risk is high enough. Depending on the distribution of risks, more or fewer consumers have to be sacrificed, as they cannot be credibly warned even though they would like to be. Under a stronger present bias, the target group receiving a credible warning to abstain must be tightened, but this need not increase the probability of harmful consumption. If some consumers have a stronger present bias than others, traffic-light nudges turn out to be optimal and, when subgroups of consumers differ sufficiently, the optimal traffic-light nudge is also subgroup optimal. We finally compare the consumer-optimal nudge with those that a health authority or a lobbyist would favor.This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis.Funding: This research benefited from the financial support of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir Grant ANR-17-EURE-0010], the German Research Foundation [Grants Collaborative Research Center Transregio 190 and 224 Project B03], and the research foundation Toulouse School of Economics-Partnership.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4428 .
The influence of frailty on outcomes for older adults admitted to hospital with benign biliary disease: a single-centre, observational cohort study
Authors: Thomas M , Baltatzis M , Price A , Fox J , Pearce L , Vilches-Moraga A 
Published: May 2022

Introduction The prevalence and complications of biliary disease increase with age. Frailty has been associated with adverse outcomes in the hospital setting. We describe the prevalence of frailty in older patients hospitalised with benign biliary disease and its association with duration of hospital stay, and 90-day and 1-year mortality. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 75 years and over admitted with acute biliary disease between 17 September 2014 and 20 March 2017. Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score was recorded on admission. Results We included 200 patients with a median age of 82 (75–99) years, 60% were female; 154 (77%) were independent for personal activities of daily living (ADLs) and 99 (49.5%) for instrumental ADLs. Cholecystitis was the most common diagnosis (43%) followed by cholangitis (36%) and pancreatitis (21%). Ninety-nine patients were non frail (NF; CFS 1–4) and 101 were frail (F; CFS 5–9). Some 104 patients received medical treatment only. Surgery was more common in NF patients (11% vs F 2%), percutaneous drainage more frequently performed in F patients (15% vs NF 5%) and endoscopic cholangiopancreatography was similar in both groups (F 32% vs NF 31%). Frailty was associated with worse clinical outcomes in F vs NF: functional deconditioning (34% vs 11%), increased care level (19% vs 3%), length of stay (12 vs 7 days), 90-day mortality (8% vs 3%) and 1-year mortality (48% vs 24%). Conclusions Half of patients in our cohort were frail and spent longer in hospital, were less likely to undergo surgery and were less likely to remain alive at 1 year after discharge.
The effect of local anaesthetic biopsy in head and neck cancer on cancer pathway waiting times
Authors: Lim AE , Zahra B , Moen C , Montgomery J 
Published: May 2022

Introduction The 31-day target in urgent suspicion of cancer (USOC) referrals fast-tracks patients through the cancer pathway. Local anaesthetic (LA) biopsy can be performed during an outpatient clinic and may improve pathway times. The aim of this study was to compare LA biopsy in head and neck USOC referrals with the traditional general anaesthetic (GA) pathway. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of USOC referrals to the NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde head and neck multidisciplinary team between 1 June 2018 and 28 December 2020, and compared pathway times in LA and GA biopsies. Results The mean number of days from clinic to biopsy was 4.4 in the LA group and 28.0 in the GA group. This was significantly faster in the LA biopsy group (p < 0.05). The overall pathway time in the LA and GA biopsy groups was 35.7 and 61.5 days, respectively, and was significantly faster in LA biopsy group (p < 0.05). Conclusions The LA cohort had significantly faster pathway times compared with GA biopsy. LA biopsy requires careful patient selection, but is an effective alternative to GA biopsy in the appropriate patient group.
Trajectories of intimate partner violence (IPV) in a primary care cohort of women with depressive symptoms
Authors: Hegarty Kelsey , Densley Konstancja , Gilchrist Gail , Elliott Peter , Gunn Jane 
Published: May 2022

Aims:To assess trajectories of women’s experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) over time, and baseline risk factors and associated four-year outcomes for different trajectories.
Design:A cohort study of 548 women with depressive symptoms, attending primary care appointments, were surveyed annually for four years. Secondary analysis was undertaken using growth mixture modelling to generate IPV trajectories. Analyses of associations of these generated classes of IPV with hypothesised baseline and four-year measures were undertaken.
Results:At baseline, 42% (231) women experienced IPV in past 12 months. Five-class IPV trajectory model showed five groups over time: consistently ‘high IPV’ (5%, n=28), ‘some IPV’ (14%, n=77), ‘minimal IPV’ (9%, n=52), ‘decreasing IPV’ (11%, n=62), and ‘no IPV’ (60%, n=329). Baseline differences showed women in ‘high’ and ‘some’ group had more childhood abuse, low income and poor mental health compared to ‘minimal’ or ‘no IPV’ groups. At four years, ‘decreasing IPV’ group was aligned with ‘minimal/no IPV’ groups on mental health, quality of life and social support measures.
Conclusion:Women exhibited different trajectories of IPV over time with high burden of mental health problems, except for when IPV decreases. Clinical identification of IPV and tailoring of responses to decrease exposure to IPV is warranted to reduce disease burden.
Evolution in caesarean section practices in North Kivu: Impact of caregiver training
Authors: Dikete Ekanga Michel , Mitangala Prudence , Coppieters Yves , Kirkpatrick Christine , Kabuyanga Kabuseba Richard , Simon Philippe , Englert Yvon , Racape Judith , Zang Wei-Hong 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
A caesarean section is a major obstetric procedure that can save the life of mother and child. Its purpose is to protect the mother’s health from the complications of childbirth and to protect the baby’s health. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there are major inequalities in access to caesarean sections and significant variations in practices to determine the indications for the procedure. Periodic analyses of maternal deaths have shown that more than half of maternal and new born deaths are due to suboptimal care and are therefore potentially preventable. The objective of our study is to assess the impact of health staff training under the PADISS project (to support the health system’s integrated development) on the quality of CS procedures in North Kivu, by comparing two periods.

Material and methods
The populations compared were recruited from the referral hospitals in North Kivu, DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo). The first (group 1) was made up of patient files studied retrospectively for the period from 01/11/2013 to 01/01/2016. The second group (group 2), studied prospectively, comprised patient files from June 2019 to January 2020. Obstetric, maternal and foetal data were compared. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA/IC 15.0 for Windows. Univariate and multiple logistic regression was performed to determine which characteristics are associated with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
CS frequency was approximately 17% in both study periods. We observed a CS frequency of about 34% at North Kivu provincial hospital for the two populations studied. The main indications for CS were dystocia, foetal distress and scarred uterus for both populations. In the population studied prospectively, after the implementation of health staff training, there were fewer incidence rate of dystocia, foetal distress and neonatal death, a more complete patient record, shorter hospital stay, and fewer blood transfusions but more incidence rate of scarred uterus, post-operative complications and low birth weight. Intervention had no statistically significant impact on low birth weight (OR = 1.9, p = 0.13), on neonatal mortality (OR = 0.69, p = 0.21).

Conclusion
Our study shows a decrease in neonatal deaths, dystocia and foetal distress, but an increase in post-operative complications, maternal deaths and cases of scarred uterus and low birth weight. However, multiple logistic regression did no support the conclusion.