bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing RNA conformational and architectural heterogeneity in solution
Authors: Ding Jienyu , Lee Yun-Tzai , Bhandari Y , Fan Lixin , Schwieters Charles , Yu Ping , Tarasov Sergey , Stagno Jason , Ma Buyong , Nussinov Ruth , Rein Alan , Zhang Jinwei , Wang Yun-Xing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
RNA flexibility is reflected in its heterogeneous conformation. Existing techniques, such as NMR, crystallography, or cryo-EM, are not suited for studying highly heterogeneous conformation. Through direct visualization using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the adenosylcobalamin riboswitch aptamer domain as an example, we show that a single RNA sequence folds into conformationally and architecturally heterogeneous structures under near-physiological solution conditions. Recapitulated 3D topological structures from AFM molecular surfaces reveal that all conformers share the same secondary structural elements. Only a population-weighted cohort, not any single conformer, including the crystal structure, can account for the ensemble behaviors. All conformers, except for one, are functionally active in terms of ligand binding. Our findings provide direct visual evidence that the sequence-structure relationship of RNA under physiologically relevant solution conditions is more complex than the one-to-one relationship for well-structured proteins. The direct visualization of conformational and architectural ensembles in solution may prompt a revision to our current views and approaches to RNA structural analyses.
Risk Characterization of Microplastics in San Francisco Bay, California
Authors: Coffin Scott , Weisberg Stephen B. , Rochman Chelsea , Kooi Merel , Koelmans Albert A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Assessing microplastics risk to aquatic ecosystems has been limited by lack of holistic exposure data and poor understanding of biological response thresholds. Here we take advantage of two recent advances, a toxicological meta-analysis that produced biotic response thresholds and a method to quantitatively correct exposure data for sampling methodology biases, to assess microplastic exposure risk in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Using compartment-specific particle size abundance data, we rescaled empirical surface water monitoring data obtained from manta trawls (> 333 µm) to a broader size (1 to 5,000 µm) range, corrected for biases in fiber undercounting and spectroscopic subsampling, and assessed the introduced uncertainty using probabilistic methods. We then compared these rescaled concentrations to four risk thresholds developed to inform risk management for California for each of two effect categories/mechanisms - tissue translocation-mediated effects and food dilution - each aligned to ecologically relevant dose metrics of surface area and volume, respectively. More than three-quarters of samples exceeded the most conservative food dilution threshold, which rose to 85% when considering just the Central Bay. Within the Central Bay, 38% of the samples exceeded a higher threshold associated with management planning, which was statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval. For tissue translocation-mediated effects, no samples exceeded any threshold with statistical significance. The risk associated with food dilution is higher than that found in other systems, which likely reflects this study having been conducted for an enclosed water body. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the largest contributor to assessment variability was associated with estimation of ambient concentration exposure due to correcting for fiber undercounting. Even after compensating for biases associated with fibers and other small particles, concentrations from the trawl samples were still significantly lower than the 1-L grab samples taken at the same time, suggesting our SFB risk estimates are an underestimate. We chose to rely on the trawl data because the 1-L grab sample volume was too small to provide accurate spatial representation, but future risk characterization studies would be improved by using in-line filtration pumps that sample larger volumes while capturing a fuller range of particle size than a towed net.
Serum YKL-40 as a biomarker related to white matter fiber damage and cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Mingxu , Zhou Xia , Zhao Wenming , Zhang Cun , Huang Chaojuan , Yuan Xin , Yin Wenwen , Wan Ke , You Mengzhe , Yu Xianfeng , Zhu Xiaoqun , Sun Zhongwu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein-1 (YKL-40) is recognized as a novel neuroinflammatory biomarker related to neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to explore whether serum YKL-40 can serve as a potential biomarker in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and possible neural correlates with white matter fiber damage and cognitive impairment. Blood samples were collected from 100 CSVD patients and 80 healthy controls (HCs) to measure serum YKL-40 levels. All subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scanning and cognitive function assessment, and the CSVD group was classified into CSVD-no cognitive impairment (CSVD-NCI) and CSVD-mild cognitive impairment (CSVD-MCI) two subgroups. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent risk factors for CSVD and CSVD-MCI. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic value of YKL-40. Partial correlation analysis was carried out to explore the associations of DTI indices with YKL-40 and cognition. The serum YKL-40 levels of CSVD were significantly higher than those of the HCs, and the CSVD-MCI was higher than that in HCs and CSVD-NCI. YKL-40 was further identified as an independent risk factor for CSVD and CSVD-MCI, in addition, serum YKL-40 provided high diagnostic accuracy for CSVD and CSVD-MCI. Comparison of DTI indices showed that patients with CSVD accompanied by a significant decrease in white matter fibers integrity. Moreover, the altered DTI indices were significantly correlated with the elevated level of YKL-40 and worse cognitive performance. Our study suggests that YKL-40 may be a biomarker of CSVD and may cause cognitive impairment by disrupting white matter fiber integrity.
Home modifications and carer status are important factors influencing outcomes of Rehabilitation in the Home programs for non-condition specific populations
Authors: Leva Mikaela Di , Thomson Daniel , Coxon Kristy , Carnegie Catherine , Martin Jade , Szymanek Lukasz , Nguyen Tuan-Anh , Tang Clarice 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Current Rehabilitation in the Home (RITH) programs provide rehabilitation for people with a variety of conditions, yet little evidence is available to guide admission criteria. The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to profile patients admitted to a non-condition specific RITH program. The secondary aim was to explore factors influencing program outcomes.Methods: This retrospective audit utilised a two-year dataset collected from patients, aged ≥60 years, admitted under a RITH program. Clinical information such as age, sex, hospital utilisation, past medical history, functional and social status were collected to profile the patients. Outcomes such as length of stay, FIM change and hospital representations were used to determine success in the program. A regression analysis was conducted to determined variables that were independently related to the outcome.Results: Among the 202 patients included, patients were on average 78 years of age, living with three comorbid conditions, and have an average stay of 29 days in hospital prior to rehabilitation. The presence of home modifications was found to be an independent factor that correlated with RITH length of stay, FIM change scores and hospital readmissions. In addition, factors such as age, comorbidities, acute hospital length of stay and carer status were shown to correlate with at least two out of three of the outcomes. Conclusions: This study suggest that commonly collected information such as age, acute hospital length of stay, presence of home modifications and carer status may be used to better identify suitable patients for a non-condition specific RITH program. Trial registration: This study was approved through SWSLHD’s Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number: CT06_2019).
Effects of different anesthetic depths monitored by Narcotrend on glandular secretion in patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy
Authors: Xia Ling-yi , Zhang Qian , Zhuo Ming , Deng Zi-hao , Huang Ke-nv , Zhong Mao-lin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:
The objective of this study was to find ways to reduce intraoperative glandular secretion in patients by observing the effects of different depths of anesthesia on glandular secretion under Narcotrend monitoring (NT), to reduce the use of unnecessary anticholinergic drugs, and to improve the quality of anesthesia and patient comfort.
Methods:
Ninety patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomly divided into four groups. Group L: intraoperative maintenance of anesthesia depth D0-D2, group M: intraoperative maintenance of anesthesia depth E0-E1, group H: long tocopherol 0.01 mg/kg was administered intravenously 10 min before surgery without monitoring the depth of anesthesia, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and adverse effects were compared in each group at six time points. The salivary secretion and respiratory gland secretion were compared among the groups.
Results:
Salivary secretion under general anesthesia decreased in all three groups compared with the basal value (P < 0.05), with the smallest decrease in group L (P < 0.05) and the largest decrease in group H (P < 0.001). The amount of respiratory gland secretion during the whole operation was from more to less in the order of group L, group M and group H. The dry mouth visual analogue scale(VAS)scores were lower in groups L and M than in group H (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
General anesthesia suppresses the patient's glandular secretion, and the suppression becomes more pronounced as the anesthesia deepens. Maintaining the depth of anesthesia E0-E1 can effectively reduce the patient's glandular secretion, more stable intraoperative vital signs, and more comfortable patient awakening period without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.
Comparative study on serological, bacteriological, and molecular methods for diagnosis of Brucellosis in the milk of cows with reproductive disorders
Authors: Helmy Nashwa , Zaki Hoda , Saad Aalaa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBrucellosis is a significant animal disease communicable to humans that affects cattle worldwide. It is spreading disease in many developing countries. Brucellosis in farm animals induces serious economic costs in undeveloped countries and causes serious health hazards to dairy users. Sensitive and accurate diagnostic techniques are necessary for disease surveillance and management. FindingsIn this investigation, the overall prevalence of brucellosis in examined animals was 34.91% by MRT, while i-ELISA showed 33.96% prevalence. the sensitivity and specificity of MRT were 93.55%, and 89.33% and ELISA were 96.77%, 92 % respectively. whereas, the false positive was 10.67% and 8.00% for MRT and ELISA respectively. Brucella microorganism was isolated in 25.47 % milk samples, all Brucella strains were determined as B. melitensis biovar 3. By conventional PCR and real-time PCR, 28.3% of samples were positive. The results showed that the sensitivity of bacteriological culture, Conventional PCR, and Real-time PCR was 87.10%,96.77%, 96.77% respectively while specificity was 100% each, and estimated false positive was zero% each.ConclusionThe milk ELISA had detected high sensitivity and specificity than those of the milk ring test. B. melitensis biovar 3 is the predominant strain isolated in the milk of cows with reproductive disorders. The PCR's high sensitivity and specificity, as well as its speed, and low risk to laboratory workers, make it an extremely useful technique for brucellosis diagnosis. The possibility of contaminated raw milk and raw dairy products has surfaced, providing a serious public health threat.
Correlation between alveolar cleft morphology and the outcome of secondary alveolar bone grafting for unilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Yu Xinlei , huang Yiping , Li Weiran 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) is an integral part of the treatment for cleft lip and alveolus (CLA) and cleft lip and palate (CLP). SABG stabilizes and restores the continuity of the alveolar bone, supports orthodontic tooth movement afterwards. However, the outcome of SABG was not satisfactory as expected, factors that affecting the outcome were still controversial. The aims of this study were to summarize a new method for the classification of alveolar cleft morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) or unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), to evaluate the correlation between the morphology and secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) outcomes, to identify factors that might predict the outcomes. Methods: The characteristics of the cleft morphologies of 120 patients who underwent SABG were observed using the preoperative Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images. 52 patients who had CBCT scans performed at least 6 months after SABG were included for the evaluation of outcomes. Both categorical and continuous evaluation methods were measured. Correlations between cleft morphology and SABG outcomes were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS 27.0.0. Results: A new method for the classification of cleft morphology was summarized. Categorical evaluation showed 8 failure, 11 poor, 12 moderate, and 21 good results, while the average bone filling rate was 59.24 ± 30.68%. There was a significant correlation between the cleft morphology and categorical/continuous evaluation outcome (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The new method for the classification of alveolar cleft morphology summarized in this study was comprehensive and convenient for clinical application. Both categorical and continuous methods should be used for radiographic assessments in patients undergoing SABG. The chances of a successful procedure are best when the patient has type I or IV morphology, in which the shape is like a funnel in the relatively palatal or occlusal area towards the vertical dimension. A relatively great amount of bone resorption was observed in most patients. Slow orthodontic movement with strict periodontal control is always suggested. Trial registration: Chinese clinical trial registry; registration number: ChiCTR2100054438
How to measure multidimensional quality of life of persons with disabilities in public policies - a case of Poland
Authors: Antczak Radosław , Grabowska Izabela , Zwierzchowski Jan , Panek Tomasz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this paper is to construct the tool that can be used to measure multidimensional quality of life of persons with disabilities in comparison with population without disabilities for the purpose of monitoring of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). MethodsThe Sen’s capability approach was applied to conceptualize the quality of life. We followed guidelines of The Quality of Life Framework developed within the European Statistical System. The QoL scores in each domain (covered by the UNCRPD) were constructed using multiply indicators and multiple causes model (MIMIC). All analysis were based on 2018 EU-SILC data for Poland. We constructed quality of life indicators for population with and without disabilities and compared the differences. ResultsPersons without disability experienced higher QoL as compared to population with disabilities, overall and in various domains. Lower average QoL of persons with disabilities is a result of a lower share of those who experience high QoL. The biggest difference is observed for health and for productive and main activity domains. For material conditions and economic security and physical safety there was a moderate difference recorded. For the leisure and social relations domain there is almost no difference observed. Additionally, we identified diversified impact of particular determinants (such as age, gender, household situation, education, partner status, urbanization, health) on the QoL across domains and analysed populations.ConclusionsThis tool developed in this paper can be calibrated to enable cross-country and in time comparisons between different populations support evidenced-based social policy.
Species specific allometric equations, biomass expansion factor and wood density of native tree species in dry afromontane forest of Ethiopia
Authors: Egeta Dereje , Negash Mesele , Alebachew Mehari , Mulgeta Sinke , Lemi Tamiru 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Forest is the second largest store house of carbon released from different sources. However, limited allometric equations are available to determine its contribution for carbon cycle. The objective of study was to develop species specific allometric equations, establish database for Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF) and Wood Density (WD) to five tree species, namely Apodytes dimidiata, Cassiopourea malosana, Celtis africana, Ilex mitis and Myrica salicifolia grown in dry afromontane forest of Ethiopia. The sampled tree diameter at breast height (dbh) and their total height (ht) ranged from 7 to 48 cm and 6.7 to 23.4 m respectively. A total of 62 sample trees harvested from different diameter classes of each species and divided in to different biomass compartments (stem, big branches > 7cm), small branches (2-7cm) and twigs and foliage (< 2cm). To determined WD, total of 186(stem position) and108 sample disks (big branches till 7cm dbh were sampled. Oven dried at temperature of 105oc and 70oc for 72 and 24hrs for wood and foliage respectively. A set of log transformed models relating total above ground biomass to dbh, ht, WD and average crown diameter as independent variables were fitted following R-software version 4.0.1. The best biomass models were found to be having lower AIC, residual standard error and higher adj.coefficient of determination. The BEF and WD of aforementioned tree species were ranged from1.19 to 1.40 and 0.53 to 0.74 gcm− 3 respectively. Species specific allometric equations were better than generalized allometric equation for estimation of above ground biomass of Chilimo dry afromontane forest.
Socio-demographic profiles and obstetrics outcomes of pregnant women with epilepsy in a vulnerability State, Brazil
Authors: Leite Magnúcia de Lima , Toporcov Tatiana Natasha , Pai Janise Dal , Silva José Claúdio da 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction: The socio-demographic profile of pregnant women in low- and middle- income countries is characterized by low educational attainment and unemployment, leading to social and economic morbidity. characterized by limited opportunities for education, employment, and marriage, which are strongly related to the stigmatization of the disease. The study of the socio- profile and obstetric outcomes of pregnant women with epilepsy in Alagoas, Brazil, may help understand this scenario and facilitate the development of public policy strategies to reduce local morbidity.Objectives: We aimed to describe the sociodemographic profile of pregnant women with epilepsy and obstetric outcomes in Alagoas, Brazil. Methods: This cohort study was based on medical records of pregnant women with epilepsy in Brazilian high-risk maternity hospitals from 2008 to 2020. The following data were collected: age, race, education, marital status, occupation, number of pregnancies, delivery, and abortion. The inclusion criteria were pregnant women with and without epilepsy (control group) aged < 40 years. Results: The prevalence of PWWE was 0.49% (n = 224/44,917). Cesarean delivery was more frequent in PWWE than in pregnant women without epilepsy (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 22.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.35– 33.73; p < 0,01). Abortion was associated with PWWE (OR adjusted = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.13– 2.61; p = 0.01). Pregnant women in the countryside were more likely to develop epilepsy than those born in the capital (OR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.12–2.14; p < 0.01).Conclusion: The PWWE socio-demographic profile of the Alagoas had a predominance of brown- colored skin, single status, homemakers, and illiteracy with a high proportion residing in the interior of the state. The obstetrics data show a higher incidence of cesarean deliveries and miscarriages.
MTHFR 677C&gt;T (rs1801133) variant is associated with homocysteinemia but not with clinical severity in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease
Authors: Silvestre Guilherme Silva , Carrara Iriana Moratto , Flauzino Tamires , Lozovoy Marcell Alysson Batisti , Cecchini Rubens , Reiche Edna Maria Vissoci , Simão Andréa Name Colado 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: The aim was to evaluate the association between the MTHFR 677C>T (rs1801133) variant with susceptibility and severity of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and levels of homocysteine (Hcy). Subject and Methods: A case-control study enrolled 157 patients with PAOD and unrelated 113 controls. The severity and anatomoradiological categories of the PAOD were assessed by Fontaine classification and Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC), respectively. The MTHFR 677C>T was genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Hcy serum levels were determined using chemiluminescence microparticles assay. Results: The PAOD patients showed higher Hcy than controls but the values did not differ according to Fontaine and TASC categories. The MTHFR 677C>T variant was not associated with PAOD, the clinical stage, and the anatomoradiological categories. However, patients carrying the TT genotype (recessive model) or CT+ TT genotypes (dominant model) presented higher levels of Hcy than those carrying other genotypes. In conclusion, the T allele of MTHFR 677C>T variant was associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in PAOD patients, but not in controls. Conclusion: Our data suggested a possible interaction between MTHFR 677C>T variant and the presence of other genetic, epigenetic or environment factors associated with PAOD on modulation of the Hcy metabolism.
Real-time Building Fire Detection and Segmentation in Video using Convolutional Neural Networks with Gaussian threshold approach
Authors: P SRIDHAR , Kumar Senthil , Parameswaran Latha , Oruganti Venkata Ramana Murthy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Computer vision-based fire flame detection system has recently begun to replace traditional fire detection systems. The conventional imaging-based system uses color models and temporal analysis algorithms to detect and segment fire in an image or a frame. Color model algorithms could not effectively distinguish between fire and fire-like objects in real-time videos. Besides, temporal analysis between structures has not yielded higher detection accuracies. This work proposes a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with Gaussian distribution threshold probability to detect and segment the fire in a frame sequence. The proposed hybrid work extracted the features and automatically classified the frames using simple network architecture, and the Gaussian probability threshold method improves the detection of fire region localization. Experimental performance of the proposed work increases the detection accuracy and better false alarm performance. This paper can predict the severity of the fire, area, and centroid, fire probability. The proposed work using low-resolution frames will surely help the real-time implementation system.