bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19-related educational disruption on final year medical students in Birmingham, United Kingdom: a mixed methods study
Authors: Bustin Claire , Bawa Sara , Munasinghe Chathura Kasunkumara , Wiskin Connie 
Published: August 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems worldwide. Public health measures that intended to limit the spread of the virus had the unintended effect of necessitating the swift development of novel medical educational methods. The medical students most affected by this period of change were those entering their final year. This study aims to explore their perceptions of the impacts of COVID-19 on their clinical learning and mental health, as well as identify ways in which medical schools can mitigate these impacts. Methods: This is a mixed method, single-site descriptive study comprising two parts: a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Participants were final year medical students at the University of Birmingham, UK. Results: Key themes identified were learning opportunities, changes to assessments, communication, and wellbeing. Students were also found to experience higher levels of anxiety mid-pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. Conclusion: The pandemic has had widespread effects on the learning and wellbeing of final year medical students, which may impact their competence and confidence as junior doctors. Improved two-way communication and access to wellbeing services have been identified as factors promoting the adjustment of students to rapid changes in teaching methods and assessments.
Basic taste sensitivity, eating behaviour, food propensity and BMI of preadolescent children: How are they related?
Authors: Ervina Ervina , Berget Ingunn , Skeie Siv Borghild , L. Almli Valérie 
Published: August 2022

Background: Taste sensitivity has been reported to influence children’s eating behaviour and contribute to their food preferences and intake. This study aimed to investigate the associations between taste sensitivity, eating behaviour, food propensity and BMI (Body Mass Index) in preadolescents. Methods: Preadolescents’ taste sensitivity was measured by detection threshold of sweetness (sucrose), sourness (citric acid), saltiness (sodium chloride), bitterness (caffeine, quinine), and umami (monosodium glutamate). In addition, the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Food Propensity Questionnaire (FPQ), and the children’s body weight and height were completed by the parents. A total of 69 child-parent dyads participated (preadolescents mean age =10.9 years). Results: Taste sensitivity to caffeine bitterness was significantly associated with eating behaviour in food responsiveness, emotional overeating, and desire to drink. The preadolescents who were less sensitive to caffeine bitterness had higher food responsiveness scores. Those who were less sensitive to caffeine bitterness and to sweetness had higher emotional overeating scores. In addition, preadolescents who were less sensitive to sourness and bitterness of both caffeine and quinine demonstrated to have higher scores in desire to drink. There was no association between taste sensitivity and FPQ, but significant differences were observed across preadolescents’ BMI for FPQ of dairy food items, indicating higher consumption of low-fat milk in the overweight/obese compared to the normal-weight subjects. There was no significant difference in taste sensitivity according to BMI. Preadolescents’ eating behaviour differed across BMI, demonstrating a positive association between BMI and food approach, and a negative association between BMI and food avoidance. Conclusions: This study contributes to the preliminary understanding of the relationships between taste sensitivity and eating behaviour in preadolescents. The results may be used to develop effective strategies to promote healthy eating practices by considering
Assessment of in vitro activities and chemical profiling of Senecio hoggariensis growing in Algerian Sahara
Authors: ARAB YASMINE , SAHIN BIHTER , CEYLAN OZGUR , ZELLAGUI AMAR , OLMEZ OZGE TOKUL , KUCUKAYDIN SELCUK , TAMFU ALFRED NGENGE , OZTURK MEHMET , GHERRAF NOUREDDINE 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Arab Y, Sahin B, Ceylan O, Zellagui A, Olmez OT, Kucukaydin S, Tamfu AN, Ozturk M, Gherraf N. 2022. Assessment of in vitro activities and chemical profiling of Senecio hoggariensis growing in Algerian Sahara. Biodiversitas 23: 3498-3506. The in vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase, tyrosinase inhibitory, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities of the ethyl acetate extract of Senecio hoggariensis,growing in Algerian Sahara, were studied along with its chemical constituents using HPLC-DAD. The chromatographic analysisunveiled seven phenolic compounds, including p-coumaric acid as a major component. Additionally, the extract showed moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity, compared to known standards. At 200 ?g/mL, the extract disclosed equitable acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyryl-cholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase inhibition rates with respective values of 37.01±1.48%, 18.87±4.18% and 45.99±1.81%. Likewise, the extract exhibited a good antibiofilm activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10239 biofilm production with an inhibition ratio of 59.56±0.40%, at 50µg/mL. The anti-quorum sensing by QS-regulated violacein pigment production inhibition test was determined using Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and CV12472. The swarming motility inhibition assay was determined using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. It is evident from the findings that Senecio hoggariensis could be considered potential antioxidant, anti-QS, and antibiofilm compounds. However, the origin of anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing activities of the ethyl acetate extract could be revealed by further studies on the mechanism of action of active compounds that can be isolated via activity-guided fractionation.
Review: The effect and possible mitigation of UV radiation on baculoviruses as bioinsecticides
Authors: ANGGRAINI ERISE , HONG LAU WEI , VADAMALAI GANESAN , KONG LIH LING , MAT MAZIDAH 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Anggraini E, Lau WH, Vadamalai G, Kong LL, Mat M. 2022. Review: The effect and possible mitigation of UV radiation on baculoviruses as bioinsecticides. Biodiversitas 23: 3721-3735. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has raised concerns over environmental and human health issues. A more environmentally-friendly biological approach to control insect pests is gaining importance. For decades, bioinsecticides based on viruses have been used to protect crops and forests. The viruses belonging to the Baculoviridae family are known to infect insect pests, and hence can be used as biopesticides. Baculoviruses are mostly specific to the host and are not lethal to the non-target organism. However, their usage is limited for field application due to a slow kill speed and sensitivity towards UV irradiation. This review paper discusses the life cycle of baculoviruses, their mode of infection and transmission as well as the influence of UV radiation on the effectiveness of baculoviral insecticides for field application.
Lasing versus lasing without inversion in an optically thin gain medium near a metal surface
Authors: Bordo V. G. 
Published: August 2022

A theory of lasing in an optically thin layer of active centers disposed at a metal surface is developed from first principles. The approach is based on a rigorous account of the local field in the close vicinity of a reflective surface, which provides feedback for dipole oscillations in active centers. It is demonstrated that the gain medium thickness plays a crucial role in the lasing condition and controls switching from conventional lasing to lasing without inversion. The numerical calculations are carried out for erbium doped glass bordering a gold surface where radiation at telecom wavelength (1532 nm) can be generated.
Contribution of child health interventions to under-five mortality decline in Ghana: A modeling study using lives saved and missed opportunity tools
Authors: Kolekang Augusta , Sarfo Bismark , Danso-Appiah Anthony , Dwomoh Duah , Akweongo Patricia 
Published: August 2022

Background
Increased coverage of interventions have been advocated to reduce under-five mortality. However, Ghana failed to achieve the Millennium Development Goal on child survival in 2015 despite improved coverage levels of some child health interventions. Therefore, there is the need to determine which interventions contributed the most to mortality reduction and those that can further rapidly reduce mortality to inform the prioritization of the scale-up of interventions.

Materials and methods
Deterministic mathematical modeling was done using Lives Saved and Missed Opportunity Tools. Secondary data was used, and the period of the evaluation was between 2008 and 2014. Some of the interventions assessed were complementary feeding, skilled delivery, and rotavirus vaccine.

Results
A total of 48,084 lives were saved from changes in coverage of interventions and a reduction in the prevalence of stunting and wasting. Reduction in wasting prevalence saved 10,372(21.6%) lives, insecticide-treated net/indoor residual spraying 6,437(13.4%) lives saved, reduction in stunting 4,315(9%) lives saved and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs) 4,325(9.0%) lives saved. If coverage levels of interventions in 2014 were scaled up to 90% in 2015, among neonates, full supportive care for prematurity (5,435 lives saved), full supportive care for neonatal sepsis/pneumonia (3,002 lives saved), and assisted vaginal delivery (2,163 lives saved), would have saved the most lives among neonates, while ACTs (4,925 lives saved), oral rehydration salts (ORS) (2,056 lives saved), and antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia (1,805 lives saved) would have made the most impact on lives saved among children 1–59 months. Lastly, if all the interventions were at 100% coverage in 2014, the under-five mortality rate would have been 40.1 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2014.

Discussion
The state of the package of interventions will likely not lead to rapid mortality reduction. Coverage and quality of childbirth-related interventions should be increased. Additionally, avenues to further reduce stunting and wasting, including increased breastfeeding and complementary feeding, will be beneficial.
Evaluation of the clinical utility of the PromarkerD in-vitro test in predicting diabetic kidney disease and rapid renal decline through a conjoint analysis
Authors: Fusfeld Lauren , Murphy Jessica T. , Yoon YooJin , Kam Li Ying , Peters Kirsten E. , Lin Tan Pearl , Shanik Michael , Turchin Alexander 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundEarly identification of patients at risk of developing diabetic kidney disease or rapid renal decline is imperative for appropriate patient management, but traditional methods of predicting renal decline are limited.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the impact of PromarkerD, a biomarker-based blood test predicting the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and rapid renal decline.MethodsConjoint analysis clarified the importance of PromarkerD and other patient attributes to physician decisions for type 2 diabetes patients. Forty-two patient profiles were generated, with varying levels of albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), age, and PromarkerD result. A web-based survey asked each physician to make monitoring/treatment decisions about eight randomly selected profiles. Data were analyzed using multivariable logit models.ResultsTwo hundred three primary care physicians and 197 endocrinologists completed the survey. PromarkerD result was most important for increasing the frequency of risk factor monitoring. PromarkerD was second to HbA1c in importance for deciding to prescribe sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2s) with a DKD indication, second to blood pressure for increasing the dose of lisinopril, and second to eGFR for replacing ibuprofen with a non-nephrotoxic medication. Compared with no PromarkerD results, a high-risk PromarkerD result was associated with significantly higher odds of increasing monitoring frequency (odds ratio [OR]: 2.56, 95% confidence interval: 1.90–3.45), prescribing SGLT2s (OR: 1.98 [1.56–2.52]), increasing lisinopril dose (OR: 1.48 [1.17–1.87]), and replacing ibuprofen (OR: 1.78 [1.32–2.40]). A low-risk PromarkerD result was associated with significantly lower odds of increasing monitoring frequency (OR: 0.48 [0.37–0.64]), prescribing SGLT2s (OR: 0.70 [0.56–0.88]), and replacing ibuprofen (OR: 0.75 [0.57–0.99]).ConclusionPromarkerD could increase adoption of renoprotective interventions in patients at high risk for renal decline and lower the likelihood of aggressive treatment in those at low risk. Further studies are needed to assess patient outcomes with PromarkerD in real-world practice.
Duration of inter-pregnancy interval and its predictors among pregnant women in urban South Ethiopia: Cox gamma shared frailty modeling
Authors: Jena Belayneh Hamdela , Biks Gashaw Andargie , Gete Yigzaw Kebede , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu 
Published: August 2022

Background
Short inter-pregnancy interval is a public health concern because it results in adverse perinatal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, anemia, premature birth, low birth weight, and perinatal deaths. Although it is critical to understand the factors that contribute to short inter-pregnancy interval to reduce the risk of these negative outcomes, adequate evidence about the factors in the urban context is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess the duration of the inter-pregnancy interval and its predictors among pregnant women in urban South Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 2171 pregnant women in five geographically diverse urban settings in South Ethiopia. For the analysis, a Cox gamma shared frailty (random-effect) model was used. Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) with a 95% CI was used to assess significant predictors. The median hazard ratio (MHR) used to report clustering effect.

Results
The median duration of the inter-pregnancy interval was 22 months, 95% CI (21, 23), with an inter-quartile range of 14 months. Maternal age ≥30 years [AHR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.97], having no formal education [AHR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.78], contraceptive non-use [AHR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.94, 2.66], breastfeeding for <24 months [AHR = 4.92, 95% CI: 3.95, 6.12], death of recent child [AHR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.41, 5.97], plan pregnancy within 24 months [AHR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.35], lack of discussion with husband [AHR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.60] and lack of husband encouragement about pregnancy spacing [AHR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.48] were predictors of short inter-pregnancy interval. Adjusting for predictors, the median increase in the hazard of short inter-pregnancy interval in a cluster with higher short inter-pregnancy interval is 30% [MHR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.43] than lower cluster.

Conclusions
In the study settings, the duration of the inter-pregnancy interval was shorter than the World Health Organization recommendation. There is a need to improve contraceptive use and breastfeeding duration to maximize the inter-pregnancy interval. Men’s involvement in reproductive health services and advocacy for women’s reproductive decision-making autonomy are fundamental. The contextual disparities in the inter-pregnancy interval suggests further study and interventions.
Physical activity promoting teaching practices and children’s physical activity within physical education lessons underpinned by motor learning theory (SAMPLE-PE)
Authors: Crotti Matteo , Rudd James , Roberts Simon , Fitton Davies Katie , O’Callaghan Laura , Utesch Till , Foweather Lawrence 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Movement competence is a key outcome for primary physical education (PE) curricula. As movement development in children emerges through physical activity (PA), it is important to determine the extent of PA promotion within movement competence focused teaching pedagogies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess children’s moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and related teaching practices in primary PE within Linear pedagogy and Nonlinear pedagogy and to compare this to current practice within PE delivery in primary schools.

Methods
Participants (n = 162, 53% females, 5-6y) were recruited from 9 primary schools within the SAMPLE-PE cluster randomised controlled trial. Schools were randomly-allocated to one of three conditions: Linear pedagogy, Nonlinear pedagogy, or control. Nonlinear and Linear pedagogy intervention schools received a PE curriculum delivered by trained deliverers over 15 weeks, while control schools followed usual practice. Children’s MVPA was measured during 3 PE lessons (44 PE lessons in total) using an ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer worn on their non-dominant wrist. Differences between conditions for children’s MVPA were analysed using multilevel model analysis. Negative binomial models were used to analyse teaching practices data.

Results
No differences were found between Linear pedagogy, Nonlinear pedagogy and the control group for children’s MVPA levels during PE. Linear and Nonlinear interventions generally included higher percentages of MVPA promoting teaching practices (e.g., Motor Content) and lower MVPA reducing teaching practices (e.g., Management), compared to the control group. Teaching practices observed in Linear and Nonlinear interventions were in line with the respective pedagogical principles.

Conclusions
Linear and Nonlinear pedagogical approaches in PE do not negatively impact MVPA compared to usual practice. Nevertheless, practitioners may need to refine these pedagogical approaches to improve MVPA alongside movement competence.
Developing an ecological approach to physical activity promotion in adults with Cystic fibrosis
Authors: Shelley James , Dawson Ellen A. , Boddy Lynne M. , Stewart Claire E. , Frost Freddy , Nazareth Dilip , Walshaw Martin J. , Knowles Zoe R. 
Published: August 2022

Background
There are few examples of interventions designed to promote physical activity (PA) in adults with Cystic fibrosis (CF). Increasing levels of habitual PA may be more feasible and result in greater compliance than conventional exercise training inventions which give little or no attention to long-term PA behaviour. Despite this there is limited research exploring perceptions of PA among adults with CF. The study aimed to understand the ecological correlates of PA in adults with CF and to involve individuals with CF, their families (where applicable) and clinicians in a formative process to inform the development of an ecological approach to PA promotion in this population.

Methods
An iterative approach was utilised, whereby findings from earlier phases of the research informed subsequent phases. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore patients’ perceptions of PA, devised using the PRECEDE component of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Followed by, focus groups to discuss the perceived barriers, facilitators and opportunities for PA participation and how this information could inform the development and delivery of a PA intervention. Separate focus groups were conducted with individuals with CF (n = 11) and their families and CF MDT members. Thematic analysis was used to construct themes.

Results
Physical and mental wellbeing manifested as both barriers and facilitators of PA. CF is characterised by a progressive decline in physical function, which presents as a number of challenging symptoms and set-backs for an individual with CF. PA represents an opportunity for participants to slow the rate of this decline and manage the symptoms associated with the condition. Enjoyment was an important facilitator of PA. Exercise professionals and family reinforce PA behaviour, particularly during adolescence.

Conclusions
PA promotion should form part of routine CF care with additional exercise professional support during adolescence.
PENENTUAN KEBIJAKAN PENGADAAN BAHAN PENDUKUNG PRODUKSI BERBASIS MULTI KRITERIA DAN ASPEK MANUSIA
Authors: Dewa Parama Kartika 
Published: August 2022

Kinerja rantai pasok dalam memenuhi pesanan konsumen dipengaruhi oleh relasi antara supplier dengan departemen pengadaan pada organisasi manufaktur. Persaingan dunia bisnis di bidang elektronik semakin ketat. Kondisi ini menyebabkan perusahaan elektronik harus lebih memperhatikan kinerja pada bagian pengadaan. PT ABC sebagai salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang produksi produk elektronik di Indonesia menghadapi permasalahan dalam tata kelola penentuan kebijakan pengadaan bahan pendukung produksinya. Kinerja di departemen pengadaan dinilai belum memiliki pengelolaan yang baik dan konsistensi dalam proses pemilihan supplier sehingga apabila hal tersebut dibiarkan maka peluang untuk memperoleh harga terbaik dari supplier menjadi hilang. Solusi yang diharapkan adalah untuk memberi usulan pengelolaan dalam proses pembelian barang agar terdapat konsistensi dalam proses pemilihan supplier dan memperbesar peluang memperoleh harga terbaik. Manusia memiliki peran dalam setiap tahap produksi di manufaktur. Bagaimana peran manusia dalam penentuan kebijakan pengadaan belum banyak dibahas dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Metode yang mendukung untuk penentuan kebijakan adalah dengan menggunakan analytical hierarchy process. Aspek manusia yang dominan berpengaruh ada empat aspek, dimana aspek ini dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan pengalaman di bidang pengadaan.
Identification of a Novel Axon Regeneration Role for Noncanonical Wnt Signaling in the Adult Retina after Injury
Authors: Musada Ganeswara Rao , Carmy-Bennun Tal , Hackam Abigail S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCanonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways are essential for development and maintenance of the CNS. Whereas the roles of canonical Wnt pathways in neuronal survival and axonal regeneration in adult CNS have been described, the functions of noncanonical Wnt pathways are not well understood. Furthermore, the role of noncanonical Wnt ligands in the adult retina has not been investigated. Noncanonical Wnt signaling shares receptors with canonical Wnt ligands but functions through calcium and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. Noncanonical ligands, such as the prototypic ligand Wnt5a, have varying effects in the developing CNS, including inhibiting or promoting axonal growth. To identify a role for noncanonical Wnt signaling in the developed retina after injury, we characterized the effect of Wnt5a on neurite outgrowth in cultured retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurons and on axonal regeneration in the injured optic nerve in the mouse. Endogenous Wnt5a was upregulated after injury and exogenous Wnt5a significantly enhanced neurite growth of primary RGCs and led to extensive axonal regeneration after optic nerve crush (ONC) injury. Wnt5a also significantly increased RGC survival. Furthermore, Wnt5a induced phosphorylation of CamKII and JNK and induced expression of their downstream pathway components. Therefore, these results demonstrate for the first time that Wnt5a promotes axonal growth and protects RGCs in the adult retina.