bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological effects of amoxicillin plus metronidazole in the treatment of young patients with Stages III and IV periodontitis: A secondary analysis from a 1‐year double‐blinded placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Faveri Marcelo , Retamal‐Valdes Belen , Mestnik Maria Josefa , de Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , Barão Valentim Adelino Ricardo , Souza João Gabriel Silva , Duarte Poliana Mendes , Feres Magda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the body of evidence supporting the clinical benefits of metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin (AMX) in the treatment of young patients with periodontitis, the microbiological outcomes of this antibiotic protocol have been less explored. This study evaluated the microbiological effects of adjunctive MTZ+AMX in the treatment of young patients with periodontitis.MethodsSubjects with periodontitis Stages III or IV and ≤30 years old were randomly allocated to receive scaling and root planing (SRP) with placebo (n = 15) or with MTZ (400 mg) and AMX (500 mg) three times a day for 14 days (n = 15). Nine subgingival biofilm samples per subject (three samples from each probing depth (PD) category: ≤3, 4–6, and ≥7 mm) were collected at baseline and 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐months post‐treatment and individually analyzed for 40 bacterial species by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization.ResultsThirty subjects (15/group) with mean ages 27.6 ± 3.5 (control) and 26.8 ± 3.9 (test) were included. At 12 months post‐therapy, the antibiotic group harbored lower proportions of red complex (1.3%) than the placebo group (12.5%) (p < 0.05). SRP + MTZ+AMX was more effective than mechanical treatment in reducing levels/proportions of several pathogens and increasing proportions of Actinomyces species (p < 0.05). Levels/proportions of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were only reduced in the antibiotic group (p < 0.05). This group also exhibited greater reduction in the number of sites with PD ≥5 mm and higher percentage of subjects reaching the clinical end point for treatment (≤4 sites with PD ≥5 mm) than the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionSRP+MTZ+AMX allowed for establishing a long‐term healthier subgingival biofilm community and periodontal clinical condition, than SRP only.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus leads to gingivitis and an early compensatory increase in bone remodeling
Authors: Yuan Xue , Amin Vedanshi , Zhu Tianli , Kittaka Mizuho , Ueki Yasuyoshi , Bellido Teresita M. , Turkkahraman Hakan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and periodontitis have long been thought to be biologically connected. Indeed, T1DM is a risk factor for periodontal disease. With the population of diabetic individuals growing, it is more important than ever to understand the negative consequences of diabetes on the periodontium and the mechanisms. The aim of this study was to find out the early effects of T1DM on the periodontium without any experimentally induced periodontitis.MethodsWe established the streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mouse model and examined the periodontium 8 weeks later by histology, molecular and cellular assays. Microcomputed tomographic (𝜇CT) imaging and in vivo fluorochrome labeling were also used to quantify bone volume and mineral apposition rates (MAR).ResultsThe histologic appearance of epithelium tissue, connective tissue, and periodontal ligament in the diabetic condition was comparable with that of control mice. However, immune cell infiltration in the gingiva was dramatically elevated in the diabetic mice, which was accompanied by unmineralized connective tissue degeneration. Bone resorption activity was significantly increased in the diabetic mice, and quantitative 𝜇CT demonstrated the bone volume, the ratio of bone volume over tissue volume, and cemento‐enamel junction to alveolar bone crest (CEJ‐ABC) in the diabetic condition were equivalent to those in the control group. In vivo fluorochrome labeling revealed increased MAR and bone remodeling in the diabetic mice. Further investigation found the diabetic mice had more osteoprogenitors recruited to the periodontium, allowing more bone formation to balance the enhanced bone resorption.ConclusionsSTZ‐induced T1DM mice, at an early stage, have elevated gingival inflammation and soft tissue degeneration and increased bone resorption; but still the alveolar bone was preserved by recruiting more osteoprogenitor cells and increasing the rate of bone formation. We conclude that inflammation and periodontitis precede alveolar bone deterioration in diabetes.
Nutrient transfer in rangelands under rock powder amendment
Authors: Korchagin Jackson , Escosteguy Pedro Alexandre Varella , Bortoluzzi Edson Campanhola 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundNative pasture yields are soil nutrient limited in subtropical regions. The use of powdered rock as a soil amendment is increasing in these regions as it can supply plant nutrients, increasing the yield of pasture in traditional livestock farming systems. Although powdered rock may also be useful to preserve native rangelands, little is known about the nutrient dynamics in rangeland soil–plant systems amended with powdered rock.AimsWe evaluated the chemical characteristics of an Acrisol and the grassland production treated with different rates of hydrothermalized basalt powder (HBP) to estimate the nutrient transfer from soil to plants in a rangeland.MethodsDifferent HBP doses (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 t ha−1) were applied twice to the native rangeland topsoil, to which soluble fertilizer was never applied. Soil and plant samples were collected and chemically evaluated seven times over 2 years (674 days).ResultsThe soil copper (Cu) and potassium (K) contents increased with the HBP dose, while the available phosphorus (P) and potential acidity (H+Al) decreased. The soil pH temporarily increased. The HBP doses did not affect the exchangeable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), or aluminum (Al) contents. The nutrient concentrations in plant dry mass tended to increase for P, K, Ca, and Mg due to the transfer from the soil. The shoot dry mass increased with the HBP dose according to the growth season of the pasture.ConclusionThese findings suggest that application of HBP improves the soil‐native pasture system by the transfer of nutrients from soil to plants and by increasing dry mass yield. Rock powder application in native pastures (low chemical fertility and acid conditions) is a feasible agronomic alternative for increasing pasture yield with low impact on the system.
Microplastics persist in an arable soil but do not affect soil microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and crop yield
Authors: Schöpfer Lion , Möller Julia N. , Steiner Thomas , Schnepf Uwe , Marhan Sven , Resch Julia , Bayha Ansilla , Löder Martin G. J. , Freitag Ruth , Brümmer Franz , Laforsch Christian , Streck Thilo , Forberger Jens , Kranert Martin , Kandeler Ellen , Pagel Holger 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicroplastics (MP, plastic particles <5 mm) are ubiquitous in arable soils due to significant inputs via organic fertilizers, sewage sludges, and plastic mulches. However, knowledge of typical MP loadings, their fate, and ecological impacts on arable soils is limited.AimsWe studied (1) MP background concentrations, (2) the fate of added conventional and biodegradable MP, and (3) effects of MP in combination with organic fertilizers on microbial abundance and activity associated with carbon (C) cycling, and crop yields in an arable soil.MethodsOn a conventionally managed soil (Luvisol, silt loam), we arranged plots in a randomized complete block design with the following MP treatments (none, low‐density polyethylene [LDPE], a blend of poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) [PLA/PBAT]) and organic fertilizers (none, compost, digestate). We added 20 kg MP ha–1 and 10 t organic fertilizers ha–1. We measured concentrations of MP in the soil, microbiological indicators of C cycling (microbial biomass and enzyme activities), and crop yields over 1.5 years.ResultsBackground concentration of MP in the top 10 cm was 296 ± 110 (mean ± standard error) particles <0.5 mm per kg soil, with polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene as the main polymers. Added LDPE and PLA/PBAT particles showed no changes in number and particle size over time. MP did not affect the soil microbiological indicators of C cycling or crop yields.ConclusionsNumerous MP occur in arable soils, suggesting diffuse MP entry into soils. In addition to conventional MP, biodegradable MP may persist under field conditions. However, MP at current concentrations are not expected to affect C turnover and crop yield.
Robust Bayesian meta‐analysis: Model‐averaging across complementary publication bias adjustment methods
Authors: Bartoš František , Maier Maximilian , Wagenmakers Eric‐Jan , Doucouliagos Hristos , Stanley T. D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPublication bias is a ubiquitous threat to the validity of meta‐analysis and the accumulation of scientific evidence. In order to estimate and counteract the impact of publication bias, multiple methods have been developed; however, recent simulation studies have shown the methods' performance to depend on the true data generating process, and no method consistently outperforms the others across a wide range of conditions. Unfortunately, when different methods lead to contradicting conclusions, researchers can choose those methods that lead to a desired outcome. To avoid the condition‐dependent, all‐or‐none choice between competing methods and conflicting results, we extend robust Bayesian meta‐analysis and model‐average across two prominent approaches of adjusting for publication bias: (1) selection models ofp‐values and (2) models adjusting for small‐study effects. The resulting model ensemble weights the estimates and the evidence for the absence/presence of the effect from the competing approaches with the support they receive from the data. Applications, simulations, and comparisons to preregistered, multi‐lab replications demonstrate the benefits of Bayesian model‐averaging of complementary publication bias adjustment methods.
Applications of nanotechnology to combat the problems associated with modern food
Authors: Singh Dravin Pratap , Packirisamy Gopinath 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCurrently, modern lifestyle diseases (LSD) such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and thyroid disease are commonly seen among people of different age groups. One of the root causes of this LSD is the type of food that we are eating. Staple crops like rice, sugarcane, vegetables and wheat are grown with the application of agrochemicals (e.g., glyphosate), traces of which are found in our food; after that, it gets ultra‐processed in factories; e.g., chips and snacks are fried using saturated fats (trans fat); sugar and wheat (derivatives bread, buns, cookies) are processed using toxic chemicals (bleaching agents). As a result, the nutritional value of food is compromised due to low dietary fiber content and synthetic additives – e.g., sucralose (artificial sweetener) – which promotes inflammation and weakens our immune system, causing our body to become sensitive to microbial infection and many other LSDs. To strengthen the immune system, people start taking synthetically prepared supplements and drugs for a prolonged time, which further deteriorates the body organs and their normal function; e.g., prolonged medication for hypothyroidism poses a risk of heart attack and joint pain. Nanotechnology solves the above problems in the food, nutraceuticals and agriculture sectors. Nanotechnology‐based naturally processed products such as nano‐nutraceuticals, nanofood, nanofertilizers and nanopesticides will benefit our health. They possess desirable properties such as high bioavailability, targeted delivery, least processing and sustained release. With the help of nanotechnology, we can get nutritional and agrochemical‐free food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Prognostic impact of autoimmune disease in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pillai Anjali , Valero Cristina , Zanoni Daniella , Navas Kathleen , Morris Quaid , Ganly Ian , Patel Snehal G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRecent literature has highlighted the role of the host in the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we retrospectively examined the impact of autoimmune (AI) disorders as an aspect of the host status on survival outcomes in OSCC patients.MethodsFrom a departmental database of OSCC patients (n = 1369), 123 patients with an AI disorder were identified. AI and no‐AI groups were compared for survival outcomes.ResultsThere were no significant differences in survival between groups for overall survival, disease‐specific survival, local, regional, and distant recurrence‐free probabilities. However, survival and recurrence‐free probabilities were poorer in the AI group versus the no AI group.ConclusionPatients with AI disease trended towards worse outcomes. This suggests immune dysregulation in these patients may impact oncologic outcomes.
Subcostal lymph nodes: An unusual sentinel lymph node basin in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Marsh Katherine M. , Lattimore Courtney M. , Cramer Christopher L. , Slingluff Craig L. , Dengel Lynn T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLymphatic drainage from subcostal nodes, along the costal groove, have not previously been characterized as sites for melanoma drainage and metastasis. This study reports a series of patients with subcostal nodes draining primary melanomas, with characterization of the sites of primary melanomas that drain to these nodes.MethodsPatients who presented to our institution between 2005 and 2020 with documented cutaneous melanoma and sentinel lymph node biopsy of a subcostal node (sentinel = S), or metastases to subcostal nodes later in clinical management (recurrent = R) were included. Patient demographics, melanoma pathology, nodal features, imaging information, surgical approaches, and outcomes data were collected.ResultsSix patients had subcostal sentinel nodes (SNs). Primary sites included the posterior trunk and lateral chest wall. Subcostal nodes were found under ribs 10−12. Subcostal SNs had at least one dimension measuring 3 mm or less. There were no surgical complications related to removing the subcostal SN.ConclusionsMelanoma can metastasize to subcostal lymph nodes and be found at the time of SN biopsy or identified at recurrence. These small nodes are fed by lymphatic channels that run in the neurovascular bundle under the ribs. When lymphatic mapping identifies a subcostal SN, it should be excised.
Malnutrition and Postoperative Outcomes Following Transcervical Zenker Diverticulectomy
Authors: Lemdani Mehdi S. , Choudhry Hannaan S. , Patel Aman M. , Ahmad Maham , Patel Rushi , Patel Prayag , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesHypoalbuminemia has been used as a proxy for poor nutrition, and has been associated with poor postoperative outcomes in varying surgical procedures. This study investigates the association between albumin status and complications following transcervical Zenker diverticulectomy.Study DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients who underwent transcervical Zenker diverticulectomy between 2005 and 2018. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to determine associations between albumin status and postoperative complications.Results318 patients undergoing transcervical Zenker diverticulectomy with available albumin values were queried. The mean serum albumin was 3.90 g/dL (SD = 0.56). Univariate analysis showed that hypoalbuminemia was associated with increased age (77.68 vs. 70.03 years) and female gender (54.4% vs. 45.6%), as well as sepsis (p = 0.045), reintubation (p = 0.040), urinary tract infection (p = 0.017), any medical complication (p < 0.001), any life‐threatening complication (p = 0.017), and mortality (p = 0.012). Multivariable analyses found no associations between hypoalbuminemia and mortality (OR 33.136, 95% CI N/A, p = 1.000), any medical complication (OR 1.154, 95% CI 0.326–4.079, p = 0.824), any life‐threatening complication (OR 0.604, 95% CI 0.079–4.586, p = 0.604), and length of stay (p = 0.249).ConclusionsThis study suggests no association between hypoalbuminemia and postoperative complications in transcervical Zenker diverticulectomy. Hypoalbuminemia and malnutrition may not be a contraindication for surgery correcting Zenker diverticulectomy.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:1402–1408, 2023
3D imaging of vascular anomalies using raster‐scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy
Authors: Geisler Emily L. , Brannen Andrew , Pressler Mark , Perez Jeyna , Kane Alex A. , Hallac Rami R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesVascular anomalies such as capillary malformations (CMs) and infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are common pediatric vascular disorders that are treated with therapeutic laser. The treatment method, however, relies on subjective evaluation of clinical findings and can have unpredictable results. Raster‐scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) is an innovative imaging technology using pulsed‐light laser to excite hemoglobin, generating ultrasound waves that are converted into three‐dimensional images of tissues. RSOM can provide objective information about superficial structures such as the microvasculature of vascular anomalies.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we explore the clinical potential of RSOM to study vascular anomalies before and after laser treatment. We scanned nine patients with CM (n = 6) and IH (n = 3) who underwent laser treatment and calculated the blood vessel volume.ResultsOverall, there was a posttreatment volume increase in CM, and a decrease in IH.ConclusionThese findings support the possibility that RSOM may have a role in developing an objective method of evaluating these lesions, leading to a tailored treatment approach and avoidance of adverse outcomes.
Radiomics model based on features of axillary lymphatic nodes to predict axillary lymphatic node metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Tang Yong , Che Xiaoling , Wang Weijia , Su Song , Nie Yue , Yang Chunmei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is among the most common cancers worldwide. Machine learning–based radiomics model could predict axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) of BC accurately.PurposeThe purpose is to develop a machine learning model to predict ALNM of BC by focusing on the radiomics features of axillary lymphatic node (ALN).MethodsA group of 398 BC patients with 800 ALNs were retrospectively collected. A set of patient characteristics were obtained to form clinical factors. Three hundred and twenty‐six radiomics features were extracted from each region of interest for ALN in contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) image. A framework composed of four feature selection methods and 14 machine learning classification algorithms was systematically applied. A clinical model, a radiomics model, and a combined model were developed using a cross‐validation approach and compared. Metrics of the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to evaluate the performance of these models in the prediction of ALNM in BC.ResultsAmong the 800 cases of ALNs, there were 388 cases of positive metastasis (48.50%) and 412 cases of negative metastasis (51.50%). The baseline clinical model achieved the performance with an AUC = 0.8998 (95% CI [0.8540, 0.9457]). The radiomics model achieved an AUC = 0.9081 (95% CI [0.8640, 0.9523]). The combined model using the clinical factors and radiomics features achieved the best results with an AUC = 0.9305 (95% CI [0.8928, 0.9682]).ConclusionsCombinations of feature selection methods and machine learning‐based classification algorithms can develop promising predictive models to predict ALNM in BC using CECT features. The combined model of clinical factors and radiomics features outperforms both the clinical model and the radiomic model.
Generation of synthetic megavoltage CT for MRI‐only radiotherapy treatment planning using a 3D deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Scholey Jessica E. , Rajagopal Abhejit , Vasquez Elena Grace , Sudhyadhom Atchar , Larson Peder Eric Zufall 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMegavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) has been implemented on many radiotherapy treatment machines for on‐board anatomical visualization, localization, and adaptive dose calculation. Implementing an MR‐only workflow by synthesizing MVCT from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would offer numerous advantages for treatment planning and online adaptation.PurposeIn this work, we sought to synthesize MVCT (sMVCT) datasets from MRI using deep learning to demonstrate the feasibility of MRI‐MVCT only treatment planning.MethodsMVCTs and T1‐weighted MRIs for 120 patients treated for head‐and‐neck cancer were retrospectively acquired and co‐registered. A deep neural network based on a fully‐convolutional 3D U‐Net architecture was implemented to map MRI intensity to MVCT HU. Input to the model were volumetric patches generated from paired MRI and MVCT datasets. The U‐Net was initialized with random parameters and trained on a mean absolute error (MAE) objective function. Model accuracy was evaluated on 18 withheld test exams. sMVCTs were compared to respective MVCTs. Intensity‐modulated volumetric radiotherapy (IMRT) plans were generated on MVCTs of four different disease sites and compared to plans calculated onto corresponding sMVCTs using the gamma metric and dose‐volume‐histograms (DVHs).ResultsMAE values between sMVCT and MVCT datasets were 93.3 ± 27.5, 78.2 ± 27.5, and 138.0 ± 43.4 HU for whole body, soft tissue, and bone volumes, respectively. Overall, there was good agreement between sMVCT and MVCT, with bone and air posing the greatest challenges. The retrospective dataset introduced additional deviations due to sinus filling or tumor growth/shrinkage between scans, differences in external contours due to variability in patient positioning, or when immobilization devices were absent from diagnostic MRIs. Dose distributions of IMRT plans evaluated for four test cases showed close agreement between sMVCT and MVCT images when evaluated using DVHs and gamma dose metrics, which averaged to 98.9 ± 1.0% and 96.8 ± 2.6% analyzed at 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm, respectively.ConclusionsMVCT datasets can be generated from T1‐weighted MRI using a 3D deep convolutional neural network with dose calculation on a sample sMVCT in close agreement with the MVCT. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using MRI‐derived sMVCT in an MR‐only treatment planning workflow.