bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese hawthorn): a review
Authors: Zhang Shi-Yao , Sun Xiao-Lei , Yang Xing-Liang , Shi Peng-Liang , Xu Ling-Chuan , Guo Qing-Mei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Crataegus pinnatifida (C. pinnatifida), including C. pinnatifida Bge. and its variant C. pinnatifida Bge. var. major N, E. Br., has traditionally been used as a homologous plant for traditional medicine and food in ethnic medical systems in China. Crataegus pinnatifida, especially its fruit, has been used for more than 2000 years to treat indigestion, stagnation of meat, hyperlipidemia, blood stasis, heart tingling, sores, etc. This review aimed to provide a systematic summary on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical applications of C. pinnatifida.

Key findings
This plant contains flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, organic acids, saccharides and essential oils. Experimental studies showed that it has hypolipidemic, antimyocardial, anti-ischemia, antithrombotic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic neuroprotective activity, etc. Importantly, it has good effects in treating diseases of the digestive system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems.

Summary
There is convincing evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies supporting the traditional uses of C. pinnatifida. However, multitarget network pharmacology and molecular docking technology should be used to study the interaction between the active ingredients and targets of C. pinnatifida. Furthermore, exploring the synergy of C. pinnatifida with other Chinese medicines to provide new understanding of complex diseases may be a promising strategy.
Amorite Names through Time and Space
Authors: Howard J Caleb 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article examines diachronic and geographical developments in the orthography and pronunciation of Amorite names. Specifically, it studies examples of scribal reanalyses and creative spellings of Amorite names through time, as well as changes in their pronunciation and the lag of orthography behind these changes. In addition to potentially improving our analyses of particular names, the phenomena considered here further support principles observed already by others, especially the principle that names undergo linguistic developments which are somewhat distinct from those which occur in common language, so that the use of names in the reconstruction of a dead language such as Amorite, for which we have no texts, should proceed with the utmost caution. Amorite names should, first and foremost, be used as a basis for studying Amorite onomastics before they are used as a basis for studying Amorite language.
Duration of immune protection of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection against reinfection
Authors: Chemaitelly Hiam , Nagelkerke Nico , Ayoub Houssein H , Coyle Peter , Tang Patrick , Yassine Hadi M , Al-Khatib Hebah A , Smatti Maria K , Hasan Mohammad R , Al-Kanaani Zaina , Al-Kuwari Einas , Jeremijenko Andrew , Kaleeckal Anvar Hassan , Latif Ali Nizar , Shaik Riyazuddin Mohammad , Abdul-Rahim Hanan F , Nasrallah Gheyath K , Al-Kuwari Mohamed Ghaith , Butt Adeel A , Al-Romaihi Hamad Eid , Al-Thani Mohamed H , Al-Khal Abdullatif , Bertollini Roberto , Abu-Raddad Laith J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The future of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic hinges on virus evolution and duration of immune protection of natural infection against reinfection. We investigated the duration of protection afforded by natural infection, the effect of viral immune evasion on duration of protection and protection against severe reinfection, in Qatar, between 28 February 2020 and 5 June 2022.

Methods
Three national, matched, retrospective cohort studies were conducted to compare the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity among unvaccinated persons with a documented SARS-CoV-2 primary infection, to incidence among those infection-naïve and unvaccinated. Associations were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models.

Results
Effectiveness of pre-Omicron primary infection against pre-Omicron reinfection was 85.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 84.8–86.2%]. Effectiveness peaked at 90.5% (95% CI: 88.4–92.3%) in the 7th month after the primary infection, but waned to ~ 70% by the 16th month. Extrapolating this waning trend using a Gompertz curve suggested an effectiveness of 50% in the 22nd month and &lt; 10% by the 32nd month. Effectiveness of pre-Omicron primary infection against Omicron reinfection was 38.1% (95% CI: 36.3–39.8%) and declined with time since primary infection. A Gompertz curve suggested an effectiveness of &lt; 10% by the 15th month. Effectiveness of primary infection against severe, critical or fatal COVID-19 reinfection was 97.3% (95% CI: 94.9–98.6%), irrespective of the variant of primary infection or reinfection, and with no evidence for waning. Similar results were found in sub-group analyses for those ≥50 years of age.

Conclusions
Protection of natural infection against reinfection wanes and may diminish within a few years. Viral immune evasion accelerates this waning. Protection against severe reinfection remains very strong, with no evidence for waning, irrespective of variant, for over 14 months after primary infection.
Spinal Backboard—Necessity or Hazard? The IDF Clinical Practice Guidelines and Policy
Authors: Eyal Yaakov , Tsur Nir , Gendler Sami , Almog Ofer , Beer Zivan 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prehospital spinal immobilization using a cervical collar and a backboard has been standard practice for suspected spinal cord injuries (SCIs) since the 1960s. Multiple studies have shown that the disadvantages of the spinal backboard outweigh its advantages. This report aims to present a review of the current literature along with the revised IDF protocol regarding patients with suspected SCI.

Methods
In 2019, the IDF Medical Corps (IDFMC) convened a multidisciplinary expert committee to revise the IDFMC protocols regarding the use of spinal backboards. Prior to convening the committee, a review of the pertinent literature was done by conducting a thorough clinical evaluation in “PubMed” and “Google Scholar” databases to identify recent studies investigating traumatic SCI and the prehospital military use of spinal backboards.

Results
There were no documented studies that have managed to prove the efficacy of spinal backboards to prevent exacerbation of spinal injuries during mobilization. Despite being a good tool for extraction from vehicles and combat arenas, more than 11 studies have shown that backboards may even result in adverse outcomes such as pain due to the contact between board and skin, the formation of decubitus ulcers, hypothermia, and inadequate ventilation.

Conclusion
In light of the evidence showing the potential harmful effects of the routine use of spinal backboards, the IDF guidelines have been revised and now recommends avoiding the routine use of spinal backboards and using a standard stretcher for transporting potential SCI patients. Current IDF guidelines recommend using a backboard for the extraction of an entrapped patient and for obtunded or unconscious patients with obvious deformity or mechanism for spinal trauma.
Testing strong lensing subhalo detection with a cosmological simulation
Authors: He Qiuhan , Nightingale James , Robertson Andrew , Amvrosiadis Aristeidis , Cole Shaun , Frenk Carlos S , Massey Richard , Li Ran , Amorisco Nicola C , Metcalf R Benton , Cao Xiaoyue , Etherington Amy 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Strong gravitational lensing offers a compelling test of the cold dark matter paradigm, as it allows for subhaloes with masses of ∼109 M⊙ and below to be detected. We test commonly used techniques for detecting subhaloes superposed in images of strongly lensed galaxies. For the lens we take a simulated galaxy in a ∼1013 M⊙ halo grown in a high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, which we view from two different directions. Though the resolution is high, we note the simulated galaxy still has an artificial core which adds additional complexity to the baryon dominated region. To remove particle noise, we represent the projected galaxy mass distribution by a series of Gaussian profiles which precisely capture the features of the projected galaxy. We first model the lens mass as a (broken) power-law density profile and then search for small haloes. Of the two projections, one has a regular elliptical shape, while the other has distinct deviations from an elliptical shape. For the former, the broken power-law model gives no false positives and correctly recovers the mass of the superposed small halo; however, for the latter we find false positives and the inferred halo mass is overestimated by ∼4–5 times. We then use a more complex model in which the lens mass is decomposed into stellar and dark matter components. In this case, we show that we can capture the simulated galaxy’s complex projected structures and correctly infer the input small halo.
Association between preoperative neurocognitive status and IDH1 mutation status in high-grade gliomas
Authors: Liouta Evangelia , Kalyvas Aristotelis V , Komaitis Spyridon , Drosos Evangelos , Koutsarnakis Christos , García-Gómez Juan M , Juan-Albarracín Javier , Katsaros Vasileios , Kalamatianos Theodosis , Argyrakos Theodoros , Stranjalis George 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigh-grade glioma (HGG) patients present with variable impairment in neurocognitive function (NCF). Based on that, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) wild-type HGGs are more aggressive than IDH1 mutant-type ones, we hypothesized that patients with IDH1 wild-type HGG would exhibit more severe NCF deficits than their IDH1 mutant counterparts.MethodsNCF was assessed by Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE), Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span (DS), and Controlled Word Association Test (COWAT) tests in 147 HGG patients preoperatively.ResultsAnalyses between IDH1 groups revealed a significant difference on MMSE concentration component (p ≤ .01), DS (p ≤ .01), TMTB (p ≤ .01), and COWAT (p ≤ .01) scores, with the IDH1 wild group performing worse than the IDH1 mutant one. Age and tumor volume were inversely correlated with MMSE concentration component (r = −4.78, p &lt; .01), and with MMSE concentration (r = −.401, p &lt; .01), TMTB (r = −.328, p &lt; .01), and COWAT phonemic scores (r = −.599, p &lt; .01), respectively, but only for the IDH1 wild-type group. Analyses between age-matched subsamples of IDH1 groups revealed no age effect on NCF. Tumor grade showed nonsignificance on NCF (p &gt; .05) between the 2 IDH1 mutation subgroups of grade IV tumor patients. On the contrary, grade III group showed a significant difference in TMTB (p &lt; .01) and DS backwards (p &lt; .01) between IDH1 subgroups, with the mutant one outperforming the IDH1 wild one.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that IDH1 wild-type HGG patients present greater NCF impairment, in executive functions particularly, compared to IDH1 mutant ones, suggesting that tumor growth kinetics may play a more profound role than other tumor and demographic parameters in clinical NCF of HGG patients.
Valproic acid as a radio-sensitizer in glioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sullivan Jessica K , Fahey Paul P , Agho Kinglsey E , Hurley Simon P , Feng Zhihui , Day Richard O , Lim David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) including valproic acid (VPA) have the potential to improve radiotherapy (RT) efficacy and reduce treatment adverse events (AE) via epigenetic modification and radio-sensitization of neoplastic cells. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and AE associated with HDACi used as radio-sensitizers in adult solid organ malignancy patients.

Methods
A systematic review utilized electronic searches of MEDLINE(Ovid), Embase(Ovid), The Cochrane Library, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to identify studies examining the efficacy and AEs associated with HDACi treatment in solid organ malignancy patients undergoing RT. Meta-analysis was performed with overall survival (OS) reported as hazard ratios (HR) as the primary outcome measure. OS reported as median survival difference, and AEs were secondary outcome measures.

Results
Ten studies reporting on the efficacy and/or AEs of HDACi in RT-treated solid organ malignancy patients met inclusion criteria. All included studies focused on HDACi valproic acid (VPA) in high-grade glioma patients, of which 9 studies (n = 6138) evaluated OS and 5 studies (n = 1055) examined AEs. The addition of VPA to RT treatment protocols resulted in improved OS (HR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.67–0.96). No studies focusing on non-glioma solid organ malignancy patients, or non-VPA HDACi met the inclusion criteria for this review.

Conclusions
This review suggests that glioma patients undergoing RT may experience prolonged survival due to HDACi VPA administration. Further randomized controlled trials are required to validate these findings. Additionally, more research into the use of HDACi radio-adjuvant treatment in non-glioma solid organ malignancies is warranted.
Liposomes embedded with PEGylated iron oxide nanoparticles enable ferroptosis and combination therapy in cancer
Authors: Liu Yang , Quan Xuebo , Li Jie , Huo Jiawei , Li Xing , Zhao Zhongpu , Li Shumu , Wan Jing , Li Jiao , Liu Shuai , Wang Tao , Zhang Xing , Guan Bo , Wen Rui , Zhao Zhenwen , Wang Chunru , Bai Chunli 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death process driven by excessive lipid peroxides, can enhance cancer vulnerability to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. As an essential upstream process for ferroptosis activation, lipid peroxidation of biological membranes is expected to be primarily induced by intrabilayer reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating a promising strategy to initiate peroxidation by improving the local content of diffusion-limited ROS in the lipid bilayer. Herein, liposomes embedded with PEG-coated 3 nm γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the bilayer (abbreviated as Lp-IO) were constructed to promote the intrabilayer generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the integration of amphiphilic PEG moieties with liposomal bilayer improved lipid membrane permeability to H2O2 and •OH, resulting in efficient initiation of lipid peroxidation and thus ferroptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, Lp-IO enabled traceable magnetic resonance imaging and pH/ROS dual-responsive drug delivery. Synergistic antineoplastic effects of chemotherapy and ferroptosis, and alleviated chemotherapeutic toxicity, were achieved by delivering doxorubicin (capable of xCT and glutathione peroxidase inhibition) with Lp-IO. This work provides an efficient alternative for triggering therapeutic lipid peroxidation and a ferroptosis-activating drug delivery vehicle for combination cancer therapies.
Massive abiotic methane production in eclogite during cold subduction
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Lifei , Tang Ming , Wang Xiao , Tao Renbiao , Xu Cheng , Bader Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Methane (CH4) is a critical but overlooked component in the study of the deep carbon cycle. Abiotic CH4 produced by serpentinization of ultramafic rocks has received extensive attention, but its formation and flux in mafic rocks during subduction remain poorly understood. Here, we report massive CH4-rich fluid inclusions in well-zoned garnet from eclogites in Western Tianshan, China. Petrological characteristics and carbon–hydrogen isotopic compositions confirm the abiotic origin of this CH4. Reconstructed P–T–fO2–fluid trajectories and Deep Earth Water modeling imply that massive abiotic CH4 was generated during cold subduction at depths of 50–120 km, whereas CO2 was produced during exhumation. The massive production of abiotic CH4 in eclogites may result from multiple mechanisms during prograde high pressure-ultrahigh pressure metamorphism. Our flux calculation proposes that abiotic CH4 that has been formed in HP-UHP eclogites in cold subduction zones may represent one of the largest, yet overlooked, sources of abiotic CH4 on Earth.
Population-Based Evaluation of Postacute Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Chronic Sequelae in Patients Who Tested Positive for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Goldhaber Nicole H , Ogan W Scott , Greaves Andrew , Tai-Seale Ming , Sitapati Amy , Longhurst Christopher A , Horton Lucy E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The true incidence and comprehensive characteristics of Long Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) are currently unknown. This is the first population-based outreach study of Long COVID within an entire health system, conducted to determine operational needs to care for patients with Long COVID.
Predictors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seropositivity Before Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Among Children 0–4 Years and Their Household Members in the SEARCh Study
Authors: Garcia Quesada Maria , Hetrich Marissa K , Zeger Scott , Sharma Jayati , Na Yu Bin , Veguilla Vic , Karron Ruth A , Dawood Fatimah S , Knoll Maria D ,   SEARCh Study Team, Council-DiBitetto Christine , Ghasri Tina , Gormley Amanda , Gatto Milena , Herbert Kristi , Jordan Maria , Loehr Karen , Morsell Jason , Oliva Jennifer , Mateo Jocelyn San , Schappell Elizabeth , Smith Khadija , Wanionek Kimberli , Weadon Cathleen , Williams-Soro Paula , Woods Suzanne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Estimates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence in young children and risk factors for seropositivity are scarce. Using data from a prospective cohort study of households during the pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine period, we estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence by age and evaluated risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.

Methods
The SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology and Response in Children (SEARCh) study enrolled 175 Maryland households (690 participants) with ≥1 child aged 0–4 years during November 2020–March 2021; individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 were ineligible. At enrollment, participants completed questionnaires about sociodemographic and health status and work, school, and daycare attendance. Participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in sera. Logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for correlation within households assessed predictors of individual- and household-level SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.

Results
Of 681 (98.7%) participants with enrollment serology results, 55 (8.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3%–10.4%) participants from 21 (12.0%) households were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2. Among seropositive participants, fewer children than adults reported being tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection before enrollment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23; 95% CI, .06–.73). Seropositivity was similar by age (GEE OR vs 0–4 years: 1.19 for 5–17 years, 1.36 for adults; P = .16) and was significantly higher among adults working outside the home (GEE adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1–4.4) but not among children attending daycare or school.

Conclusions
Before study enrollment, children and adults in this cohort had similar rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection as measured by serology. An adult household member working outside the home increased a household's odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas a child attending daycare or school in person did not.
Disability, Gender, and Health Care in the Global
South
Authors: Amin Aizan Sofia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
How does disability status intersect with gender in the health care experiences of disabled women in the Global South? To address this question, this chapter employs an intersectional framework of disability feminist and critical realist approaches to examine the complex intersections between disability and gender experiences in health care. The discussion focuses on the lived experiences of women with physical disabilities in Malaysia, drawing on data from a qualitative study including 33 women with physical (mobility) impairment. Over 6 months, 17 Malay, 8 Chinese, and 8 Indian women were interviewed twice. The analysis is based on both retrospective and introspective accounts on health care. The women included in this study experienced significant barriers to modern medicine as well as sexual abuse in health care settings. By highlighting the role of traditional medicine in the lives of disabled women, this chapter provides qualitative evidence for the complex intersection of disability with gender, poverty, rurality, and culture on health care experiences in the Global South.
In Other Words
Authors: Corrigan Timothy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
“Describing cinema” is part theory, part rhetoric, and part pedagogy. It examines and demonstrates acts of describing scenes, shots, and sequences in films, as probably the most common and the most underestimated way viewers respond to movies. Practiced energetically and carefully, descriptions become exceptionally rich ways to demonstrate and celebrate the activities, varieties, and challenges of a central generative movement in the viewing and interpretation of films. My motto might be an inversion of one character’s tongue-in-cheek remark in Jean-Luc Godard’s First Name, Carmen (played by Godard himself), “badly seen, badly said,” rephrased for this project as “badly said, badly seen.” Here, that phrase becomes an indication how acts of describing films or parts of films can measure and instantiate complex ways of seeing that are partly about accuracy but also about the mobility of understanding and interpretation. At its best, describing films never simply denotes actions, images, sounds, or styles but rather produces the orchestration of one or more of those dimensions as an often creative and intersubjective movement between images, viewers, and a rhetorical language. Here, especially, writing about film becomes thinking about film.
The Composer of musique concrète Wields a Camera
Authors: Chion Michel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter stresses the importance of careful observation. I have noticed a paradox in film criticism in France, particularly in scholarly essays. Whereas in the 1960s and 1970s it was still difficult and expensive to obtain prints of films for study purposes, let alone to make films, today’s widely available and lightweight audiovisual equipment—from personal computers to tablets, phones, and digital tape recorders—allows anybody to put images together, to create and record and edit sounds. You can edit and mix films all by yourself and you can observe the results instantly; you can try out different kinds of sounds with a given set of images or edit different visual sequences onto the same sounds. Here’s the paradox: very few current writers actually observe sounds, images, and the results of their combination, plus the effects of mixing sounds, images, and written or spoken words—a kind of observation that lets us better understand what happens in the process of putting them together.