bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions for neonatal pain: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Shen Qiao , Huang Zixuan , Leng Hongyao , Luo Xufei , Zheng Xianlan 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo synthesise current evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) regarding the efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent and treat pain in newborn infants.DesignOverview of SRs.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP) and Google Scholar to identify all relevant SRs published in the last 5 years.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included SRs that evaluated the efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions for neonatal pain.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently extracted the data, assessed the methodological quality using a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 and graded the evidence quality with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).ResultsA total of 29 SRs were included in this overview, of which 28 focused on procedural pain and only 1 focused on postoperative pain. Based on AMSTAR 2, seven reviews were found to be of ‘high quality‘, eight of ‘moderate quality’, five of ‘low quality’ and nine of ‘critically low quality’. The GRADE results suggested that facilitated tucking, kangaroo care, sweet solutions, familiar odour or combined non-pharmacological interventions, such as a combination of sucrose and non-nutritive sucking, were effective and safe in reducing pain from medical procedures in neonates. However, sucrose alone was less effective than local anaesthesia or a combination of the two during circumcision.ConclusionsFacilitated tucking, small volumes of sweet solutions, kangaroo care and familiar odour were recommended. Scientific implementation strategies should be developed to promote the clinical use of these effective non-pharmacological interventions. Meanwhile, further rigorous trials and SRs are needed to identify the best non-pharmacological approaches for pain from common surgery and illnesses in neonates.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021292583.
Understanding of empathetic communication in acute hospital settings: a scoping review
Authors: Haribhai-Thompson Jaquille , McBride-Henry Karen , Hales Caz , Rook Helen 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveEmpathy and empathy education have been reviewed a number of times through systematic reviews and meta-analyses; however, the topic of ‘empathetic communication’ remains poorly understood when considering engaging in hospital-based research. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to explore the existing literature concerning empathetic communication in hospital settings and to evaluate the definitions presented.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesSystematic searches of the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and PsycArticles databases were conducted.Study selectionAll English studies in which empathetic communication in hospital settings were explored. The search terms used included empathy, communication, hospital settings, providers, and consumers.Data extractionData were assessed through the use of a pre-set analysis tool.ResultsAfter conducting the searches, 419 articles were identified, of which 26 were included in this review. No single article specifically defined the term ‘empathetic communication’; however, 33 unique definitions of ‘empathy’ were identified, of which 23 considered communication to be a component of empathy. There was a considerable lack of consistency between the empathy definitions, with some classifying communication in empathy as an ability and others classifying it as a dynamic process.ConclusionFuture and contextually focused research is needed to develop a consistent and clear definition of empathetic communication and empathy within a hospital setting to better build positive healthcare cultures.Practice implicationsInconsistencies between definitions of empathy in empathetic communication research could reduce the efficacy of future research gains and impact the translation of research findings into clinical practice.
Role of healthcare cost accounting in pricing and reimbursement in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Guinness Lorna , Ghosh Srobana , Mehndiratta Abha , Shah Hiral A 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesProgress towards universal health coverage (UHC) requires evidence-based policy including good quality cost data systems. Establishing these systems can be complex, resource-intensive and take time. This study synthesises evidence on the experiences of low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the institutionalisation of cost data systems to derive lessons for the technical process of price-setting in the context of UHC.DesignA scoping review and narrative synthesis of publicly available information.Data sourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, EconLit, the Web of Science and grey literature searched from January 2000 to April 2021.Eligibility criteriaEnglish-language papers published since 2000 that identified and/or described development of and/or methods used to estimate or inform national tariffs for hospital reimbursement in LMICs. Papers were screened by two independent reviewers.Data extraction and synthesisExtraction was performed by one reviewer and checked by the second reviewer on: the method and outputs of cost data collection; commentary on the use of cost data; description of the technical process of tariff setting; and strengths and challenges of the approach. Evidence was summarised using narrative review.ResultsThirty of 484 papers identified were eligible. Fourteen papers reported on primary cost data collection; 18 papers explained how cost evidence informs tariff-setting. Experience was focused in Asia (n=22) with countries at different stages of developing cost systems. Experiences on cost accounting tend to showcase country costing experiences, methods and implementation. There is little documentation how data have been incorporated into decision making and price setting. Where cost information or cost systems have been used, there is improved transparency in decision making alongside increased efficiency.ConclusionsThere are widely used and accepted methods for generating cost information. Countries need to build sustainable cost systems appropriate to their settings and budgets and adopt transparent processes and methodologies for translating costs into prices.
Correlation of triglyceride–glucose index and dyslipidaemia with premature coronary heart diseases and multivessel disease: a cross-sectional study in Tianjin, China
Authors: Wei Ao , Liu Jingjing , Wang Le , Zheng Senshuang , Cong Hongliang 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesOver the past decade, the incidence and global burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) have increased in the young population. We aimed to identify patient characteristics and risk factors for premature CHD, including single-vessel disease (SVD) and multivessel disease (MVD).DesignRetrospective, cross-sectional study.SettingDemographic and clinical data of patients with CHD were collected from the patient medical records of a tertiary hospital in Tianjin, China, between 2014 and 2017.ParticipantsA total of 2846 patients were enrolled in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPremature CHD, which is the primary outcome, was defined as men<45 years and women<55 years. MVD, which is the secondary outcome, was defined as at least two vessels with ≥50% stenosis. Logistic regression models were applied to analyse the characteristics and risk factors of premature CHD and MVD.ResultsMost of the characteristics between patients with premature and mature CHD were not statistically significant. A significantly higher dyslipidaemia prevalence was found in female patients with premature CHD (OR=1.412, 95% CI: 1.029 to 1.936). In the crude model, instead of premature SVD, premature (OR=2.065, 95% CI: 1.426 to 2.991) or mature (OR=1.837, 95% CI: 1.104 to 3.056) MVD was more common in female patients with the highest triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index quartile than those with the lowest TyG index quartile. In male patients, the same trend was observed for mature MVD (OR=2.272, 95% CI: 1.312 to 3.937). The significance of the TyG index was not revealed in multivariate analyses; however, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, old myocardial infarction and lipoprotein (a) showed a positive association with MVD.ConclusionsDyslipidaemia should be considered as an effective factor for the prediction and prevention of premature CHD in women. The TyG index can be a simple auxiliary indicator that can be used in population-based cardiovascular disease screening for the early identification of vascular disease severity.
Predefibrillation end-tidal CO2and defibrillation success in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational cohort study
Authors: Kwong Jonathan L , Drennan Ian R , Turner Linda , Cheskes Sheldon 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundPredefibrillation end-tidal CO2(ETCO2) may predict defibrillation success and could guide defibrillation timing in ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest. This relationship has only been studied using advanced airways. Our aim was to evaluate this relationship using both basic (bag–valve–mask (BVM)) and advanced airways (supraglottic airways and endotracheal tubes).MethodsPrehospital patient records and defibrillator files were abstracted for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Ontario, Canada, with initial VF cardiac rhythms between 1 January 2018, and 31 December 2019. Analyses assessed the relationship between each predefibrillation ETCO2reading and defibrillation outcomes at the subsequent 2 min pulse check (ie, VF, asystole, pulseless electrical activity (PEA) or return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)), accounting for airway types used during resuscitation. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the association between the first documented predefibrillation ETCO2and postshock VF termination or ROSC.ResultsOf 269 cases abstracted, 153 had predefibrillation ETCO2measurements and were included in the study. Among these cases, 904 shocks were delivered and 44.4% (n=401) had predefibrillation ETCO2measured. The first ETCO2reading was more often from BVM (n=134) than advanced airways (n=19). ETCO2readings were lower when measured through BVM versus advanced airways (30.5 mm Hg (4.06 kPa) (±14.4 mm Hg (1.92 kPa)) vs 42.1 mm Hg (5.61 kPa) (±22.5 mm Hg (3.00 kPa)),adjANOVA p<0.01). Of all shocks with ETCO2reading (n=401), no difference in preshock ETCO2was found for subsequent shocks that resulted in persistent VF (32.2 mm Hg (4.29 kPa) (±15.8 mm Hg (2.11 kPa))), PEA (32.8 mm Hg (4.37 kPa) (±17.1 mm Hg (2.30 kPa))), asystole (32.4 mm Hg (4.32 kPa) (±20.6 mm Hg (2.75 kPa))) or ROSC (32.5 mm Hg (4.33 kPa) (±15.3 mm Hg (2.04 kPa))), analysis of variance p=0.99. In the multivariate analysis using the initial predefibrillation ETCO2, there was no association with VF termination on the subsequent shock (adjusted OR (adjOR) 0.99, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02, p=0.57) or ROSC (adjOR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.03, p=0.94) when evaluated as a continuous or categorical variable.ConclusionPredefibrillation ETCO2measurement is not associated with VF termination or ROSC when basic and advanced airways are included in the analysis. The role of predefibrillation ETCO2requires careful consideration of the type of airway used during resuscitation.
Early management of acute severe UC in the biologics era: development and international validation of a prognostic clinical index to predict steroid response
Authors: Adams Alex , Gupta Vipin , Mohsen Waled , Chapman Thomas P , Subhaharan Deloshaan , Kakkadasam Ramaswamy Pradeep , Kumar Sudheer , Kedia Saurabh , McGregor Colleen GC , Ambrose Tim , George Bruce D , Palmer Rebecca , Brain Oliver , Walsh Alissa , Ahuja Vineet , Travis Simon P L , Satsangi Jack 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine whether changes in acute severe colitis (ASC) management have translated to improved outcomes and to develop a simple model predicting steroid non-response on admission.DesignOutcomes of 131 adult ASC admissions (117 patients) in Oxford, UK between 2015 and 2019 were compared with data from 1992 to 1993. All patients received standard treatment with intravenous corticosteroids and endoscopic disease activity scoring (Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS)). Steroid non-response was defined as receiving medical rescue therapy or surgery. A predictive model developed in the Oxford cohort was validated in Australia and India (Gold Coast University Hospital 2015–2020, n=110; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 2018–2020, n=62).ResultsIn the 2015–2019 Oxford cohort, 15% required colectomy during admission vs 29% in 1992–1993 (p=0.033), while 71 (54%) patients received medical rescue therapy (27% ciclosporin, 27% anti-tumour necrosis factor, compared with 27% ciclosporin in 1992–1993 (p=0.0015). Admission C reactive protein (CRP) (false discovery rate, p=0.00066), albumin (0.0066) and UCEIS scores (0.015) predicted steroid non-response. A four-point model was developed involving CRP of ≥100 mg/L (one point), albumin of ≤25 g/L (one point), and UCEIS score of ≥4 (1 point) or ≥7 (2 points). Patients scoring 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the validation cohorts had steroid response rates of 100, 75.0%, 54.9%, 18.2% and 0%, respectively. Scoring of ≥3 was 84% (95% CI 0.70 to 0.98) predictive of steroid failure (OR 11.9, 95% CI 10.8 to 13.0). Colectomy rates in the validation cohorts were were 8%–11%.ConclusionsEmergency colectomy rates for ASC have halved in 25 years to 8%–15% worldwide. Patients who will not respond to corticosteroids are readily identified on admission and may be prioritised for early intensification of therapy.
Spinal cord lesions and brain grey matter atrophy independently predict clinical worsening in definite multiple sclerosis: a 5-year, multicentre study
Authors: Rocca Maria A , Valsasina Paola , Meani Alessandro , Gobbi Claudio , Zecca Chiara , Barkhof Frederik , Schoonheim Menno M , Strijbis Eva M , Vrenken Hugo , Gallo Antonio , Bisecco Alvino , Ciccarelli Olga , Yiannakas Marios , Rovira Alex , Sastre-Garriga Jaume , Palace Jacqueline , Matthews Lucy , Gass Achim , Eisele Philipp , Lukas Carsten , Bellenberg Barbara , Margoni Monica , Preziosa Paolo , Filippi Massimo 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the combined contribution of brain and cervical cord damage in predicting 5-year clinical worsening in a multicentre cohort of definite multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.MethodsBaseline 3.0T brain and cervical cord T2-weighted and three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI was acquired in 367 patients with MS (326 relapse-onset and 41 progressive-onset) and 179 healthy controls. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was obtained at baseline and after a median follow-up of 5.1 years (IQR=4.8–5.2). At follow-up, patients were classified as clinically stable/worsened according to EDSS changes. Generalised linear mixed models identified predictors of clinical worsening, evolution to secondary progressive (SP) MS and reaching EDSS=3.0, 4.0 and 6.0 milestones at 5 years.ResultsAt follow-up, 120/367 (33%) patients with MS worsened clinically; 36/256 (14%) patients with relapsing–remitting evolved to SPMS. Baseline predictors of EDSS worsening were progressive-onset versus relapse-onset MS (standardised beta (β)=0.97), higher EDSS (β=0.41), higher cord lesion number (β=0.41), lower normalised cortical volume (β=−0.15) and lower cord area (β=−0.28) (C-index=0.81). Older age (β=0.86), higher EDSS (β=1.40) and cord lesion number (β=0.87) independently predicted SPMS conversion (C-index=0.91). Predictors of reaching EDSS=3.0 after 5 years were higher baseline EDSS (β=1.49), cord lesion number (β=1.02) and lower normalised cortical volume (β=−0.56) (C-index=0.88). Baseline age (β=0.30), higher EDSS (β=2.03), higher cord lesion number (β=0.66) and lower cord area (β=−0.41) predicted EDSS=4.0 (C-index=0.92). Finally, higher baseline EDSS (β=1.87) and cord lesion number (β=0.54) predicted EDSS=6.0 (C-index=0.91).ConclusionsSpinal cord damage and, to a lesser extent, cortical volume loss helped predicting worse 5-year clinical outcomes in MS.
Relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and silent brain infarction
Authors: Nacafaliyev Vusal , Ortan Pınar , Sayin Sevgi Sidika 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and ischaemic stroke is less known.

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between OSAS and silent brain infarcts (SBI).

Methods
Patients who applied to our clinic with the complaint of snoring, respiratory arrest during sleep, that underwent polysomnography were included. All patients were undergone cranial magnetic resonance imaging to detect SBI.

Results
SBI was found in 176 (51.5%) of 270 patients in the group with OSAS and 94 (34.8%) patients without OSAS. The patients were evaluated according to their Apnea–Hypopnea Index(AHI) ratio, and those with were found to be significant in terms of SBI. SBI was detected in 56.56% in the moderate and severe (AHI ˃15) stage group and 39.94% in the normal and mild (AHI ≤15) OSAS group (p=0.009).

Conclusions
SBI was found to be significantly higher in patients with moderate and severe stage OSAS compared to the normal and mild OSAS group. Desaturations during sleep may influence the formation of these infarcts. Therefore, this study reported that patients with moderate and severe sleep apnea syndrome may have a higher risk of developing ischaemic cerebrovascular disease and that the treatment of these patients should be planned in this respect.
Messaging about very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) to influence policy attitudes, harm perceptions and smoking motivations: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Reynolds Reed M , Popova Lucy , Ashley David L , Henderson Katherine C , Ntansah Charity A , Yang Bo , Hackworth Emily E , Hardin James , Thrasher James 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundTo reduce smoking and the harms it causes, countries, including the USA, are considering policies to reduce nicotine in combustible tobacco to minimally addictive levels. Effective messages about very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) and this policy are crucial in combating misperceptions threatening the policy’s effectiveness.Data and methodsA discrete choice experiment assessed messages about VLNCs. Participants were 590 adults who smoked exclusively, 379 adults who both smoked and used e-cigarettes, 443 adults who formerly smoked and 351 young adults who never smoked (total n=1763). Seven message attributes were varied systematically (source, harm, chemicals, nicotine, satisfaction, addictiveness and quitting efficacy). Outcomes were selection of messages that generated the most positive attitude towards reduced nicotine policy, the greatest perceived harmfulness of VLNCs, and most strongly motivated quitting and initiating behaviour for VLNCs.ResultsInformation about specific harms and chemicals of VLNCs had the largest effects on selection of messages as eliciting more negative attitudes towards VLNCs policy, increasing perceived VLNC harmfulness, increasing motivation to quit VLNCs and decreasing motivation to try VLNCs. Messages with information about quitting efficacy were selected as more motivating to quit among those who smoke, but also more motivating to try VLNCs among those who do not smoke.ConclusionHarm and chemical information can be prioritised to ensure VLNCs are not misperceived as less harmful than regular cigarettes. Messages about increased quitting efficacy and reduced addictiveness associated with VLNCs may backfire if presented to those who do not smoke.
Estimating scattering potentials in inverse problems with Volterra series and neural networks
Authors: Balassa Gábor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInverse problems often occur in nuclear physics, when an unknown potential has to be determined from the measured cross sections, phase shifts or other observables. In this paper, a data-driven numerical method is proposed to estimate the scattering potentials, using data, that can be measured in scattering experiments. The inversion method is based on the Volterra series representation, and is extended by a neural network structure to describe problems, which require a more robust estimation. The Volterra series method is first used to describe the one-dimensional scattering problem, where the transmission coefficients, and the phase shifts are used as inputs to determine the unknown potentials in the Fourier domain. In the second example the scattering process described by the radial Schrödinger equation is used to estimate the scattering potentials from the energy dependence of the phase shifts, where neural networks are used to describe the scattering problem. At the end, to show the capabilities of the proposed models, real-life data is used to estimate the $${}_{}^3 S_1$$

3

S
1

NN potential with the neural network approach from measured phase shifts, where a few percent relative match is obtained between the measured values and the model calculations.
Sustained Aurora Kinase B Expression Confers Resistance to PI3K Inhibition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shah Pooja A. , Sambandam Vaishnavi , Fernandez Anne M. , Zhao Hongyun , Mazumdar Tuhina , Shen Li , Wang Qi , Ahmed Kazi M. , Ghosh Soma , Frederick Mitchell J. , Wang Jing , Johnson Faye M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTumor suppressor mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) dominate the genomic landscape, hindering the development of effective targeted therapies. Truncating and missense mutations in NOTCH1 are frequent in HNSCC, and inhibition of PI3K can selectively target NOTCH1 mutant (NOTCH1MUT) HNSCC cells. In this study, we identify several proteins that are differentially regulated in HNSCC cells after PI3K inhibition based on NOTCH1MUT status. Expression of Aurora kinase B (Aurora B), AKT, and PDK1 following PI3K inhibition was significantly lower in NOTCH1MUT cell lines than in wild-type NOTCH1 (NOTCH1WT) cells or NOTCH1MUT cells with acquired resistance to PI3K inhibition. Combined inhibition of PI3K and Aurora B was synergistic, enhancing apoptosis in vitro and leading to durable tumor regression in vivo. Overexpression of Aurora B in NOTCH1MUT HNSCC cells led to resistance to PI3K inhibition, while Aurora B knockdown increased sensitivity of NOTCH1WT cells. In addition, overexpression of Aurora B in NOTCH1MUT HNSCC cells increased total protein levels of AKT and PDK1. AKT depletion in NOTCH1WT cells and overexpression in NOTCH1MUT cells similarly altered sensitivity to PI3K inhibition, and manipulation of AKT levels affected PDK1 but not Aurora B levels. These data define a novel pathway in which Aurora B upregulates AKT that subsequently increases PDK1 selectively in NOTCH1MUT cells to mediate HNSCC survival in response to PI3K inhibition. These findings may lead to an effective therapeutic approach for HNSCC with NOTCH1MUT while sparing normal cells.Significance:Aurora B signaling facilitates resistance to PI3K inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting that combined inhibition of PI3K and Aurora kinase is a rational therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance.