bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing self-perceived functioning after volar locking plate fixation of distal radius fractures: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Boel Susanne , Vinther Anders , Hansen Alice Ørts , Juhl Carsten Bogh , Landgren Marcus , Kristensen Hanne Kaae 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to give an overview of the demographic, peri-, and postoperative factors that have been assessed for influence on self-perceived functioning at least 3 months after volar locking plate fixation of a distal radius fracture.

Introduction:
Most patients treated with a volar locking plate for a distal radius fracture recover within months after surgery; however, a subgroup of patients experience complications and slow recovery. A variety of demographic, peri-, and postoperative factors may influence self-perceived functioning. To facilitate functioning after surgery, supervised rehabilitation can be offered by a hand therapist. In the decision-making process about which patients to offer supervised rehabilitation, demographic, peri-, and postoperative factors may provide additional information, but no updated overview of explored factors has been found.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider all studies reporting on peri- and postoperative factors identified within 6 weeks after surgery, or demographic factors assessed for influence on self-perceived functioning experienced by patients at least 3 months after volar locking plate fixation of distal radius fractures.

Methods:
MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, SPORTSdiscus, and Web of Science will be searched for eligible studies. The review will consider peer-reviewed studies published after 2005 in English and Scandinavian languages. Two reviewers will independently perform study selection and data extraction. Following a content analysis of each identified factor, the factors will be mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) components by using the ICF linking rules. An overview will be depicted graphically or in tabular format for different timepoints based on assessment of the self-perceived functioning.
Effectiveness of prophylactic tranexamic acid versus placebo or no intervention for reducing blood loss in healthy patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Baghaie Hooman , Shukla Khilan , Stone Jennifer , Breik Omar , Munn Zachary 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of perioperative prophylactic tranexamic acid for reducing blood loss in orthognathic surgery in healthy patients.

Introduction:
Orthognathic surgery can cause significant hemorrhage, which requires postoperative blood transfusions. The most widely studied pharmaceutical adjunct for reducing blood loss is tranexamic acid, a synthetic amino acid that reversibly inhibits plasminogen activation. It is widely used and validated in other surgical procedures to limit blood loss; however, it is not a gold standard in orthognathic surgery.

Inclusion criteria:
We will include clinical trials comparing tranexamic acid to appropriate controls. The primary outcomes are intraoperative blood loss, change in hematocrit/hemoglobin level, and need for blood transfusion. Secondary outcomes include operating time, length of hospital stay, and adverse reactions. Studies of patients with pre-existing coagulopathies and those undergoing only minor orthognathic surgery (eg, genioplasty) will be excluded.

Methods:
We will search 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) from database inception. Titles, abstracts, and full-text papers will be assessed against the inclusion criteria by 2 independent reviewers. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Data will be extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Meta-analysis will be conducted for all outcomes where appropriate, with weighted mean differences used for intraoperative blood loss, changes in hematocrit/hemoglobin levels, operation time, and length of stay; and risk ratio for transfusion rates and adverse outcomes. Certainty of the evidence will be presented using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42022314403
Ketogenic diet‐induced weight loss occurs independent of housing temperature and is followed by hyperphagia and weight regain after cessation in mice
Authors: Weber Alyssa , Medak Kyle D. , Townsend Logan K. , Wright David C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKetogenic diets (KDs) are a popular tool used for weight management. Studies in mice have demonstrated that KDs reduce food intake, increase energy expenditure and cause weight loss. These studies were completed at room temperature, a condition below the animal's thermal neutral zone which induces thermal stress. As energy intake and expenditure are sensitive to environmental temperature it is not clear if a KD would exert the same beneficial effects under thermal neutral conditions. Adherence to restrictive diets is poor and consequently it is important to examine the effects, and underlying mechanisms, of cycling from a ketogenic to an obesogenic diet. The purpose of the current study was to determine if housing temperature impacted the effects of a KD in obese mice and to determine if the mechanisms driving KD‐induced weight loss reverse when mice are switched to an obesogenic high fat diet. We demonstrate that KD‐induced reductions in food intake, increases in energy expenditure, weight loss and improvements in glucose homeostasis are not dependent upon housing temperature. KD‐induced weight loss seems to be largely explained by reductions in caloric intake while cycling mice back to an obesogenic diet following a period of KD feeding leads to hyperphagia‐induced weight gain. Collectively, our results suggest that prior findings with mice fed a KD at room temperature are likely not an artifact of how mice were housed and that initial changes in weight when transitioning from an obesogenic to a ketogenic diet or back are largely dependent on food intake.
imageKey points
Ketogenic diets reduce food intake, increase energy expenditure and cause weight loss in rodents
Prior preclinical studies have been completed at room temperature, a condition which induces thermal stress and limits clinical translatability
Here it is demonstrated that ketogenic diet‐induced reductions in food intake, increases in energy expenditure, weight loss and improvements in glucose homeostasis are similar in mice housed at room temperature or thermal neutrality
Ketogenic diet‐induced reductions in food intake appear to explain a large degree of weight loss. Similarly, switching mice from a ketogenic to an obesogenic diet leads to hyperphagia‐mediated weight gain
A Constitutive Model to Characterize In Vivo Human Palmar Tissue
Authors: Shojaeizadeh Maedeh , Spartacus Victoria , Sparrey Carolyn J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vivo characteristics of palmar soft tissue can be used to improve the accuracy of human models to explore and simulate a range of contact scenarios. Tissue characteristics can help to assess injury prevention strategies and designing technologies that depend on quantified physical contacts such as prosthetics, wearables, and assistive devices. In this study, a simplified quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) model was developed to quantify large deformation, in vivo soft tissue relaxation characteristics of the palm. We conducted relaxation tests on 11 young adults (6 males, 5 females, 18 &lt; age &lt; 30, mean age: 25 ± 4 yr) and 9 older adults (6 males, 3 females, age &gt; 50, mean age: 61.5 ± 11.5 yr) using a 3 mm indenter to a depth of 50% of each participant's soft tissue thickness. The relaxation parameters of the QLV model were found to differ with age and sex, emphasizing the importance of using targeted material models to represent palmar soft tissue mechanics. Older adults showed on average 2.3-fold longer relaxation time constant compared to younger adults. It took 1.2-fold longer for young males to reach equilibrium than for young females; however, young females had a higher level of relaxation (36%) than young males (33%). Differences in specific QLV model parameters, P1, P2, and α were also found between age and sex groups. QLV characteristics differentiated by age and sex, add biofidelity to computational models which can provide a better representation of the diversity of tissue properties in the population.
Impact of targeted diabetic retinopathy training for graders in Vietnam and the implications for future diabetic retinopathy screening programmes: a diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Curran Katie , Congdon Nathan , Hoang Tung Thanh , Lohfeld Lynne , Nguyen Van Thu , Nguyen Hue Thi , Nguyen Quan Nhu , Dardis Catherine , Virgili Gianni , Piyasena Prabhath , Tran Huong , Salongcay Recivall Pascual , Tung Mai Quoc , Peto Tunde 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo compare the accuracy of trained level 1 diabetic retinopathy (DR) graders (nurses, endocrinologists and one general practitioner), level 2 graders (midlevel ophthalmologists) and level 3 graders (senior ophthalmologists) in Vietnam against a reference standard from the UK and assess the impact of supplementary targeted grader training.DesignDiagnostic test accuracy study.SettingSecondary care hospitals in Southern Vietnam.ParticipantsDR training was delivered to Vietnamese graders in February 2018 by National Health Service (NHS) UK graders. Two-field retinal images (412 patient images) were graded by 14 trained graders in Vietnam between August and October 2018 and then regraded retrospectively by an NHS-certified reference standard UK optometrist (phase I). Further DR training based on phase I results was delivered to graders in November 2019. After training, a randomised subset of images from January to October 2020 (115 patient images) was graded by six of the original cohort (phase II). The reference grader regraded all images from phase I and II retrospectively in masked fashion.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSensitivity was calculated at the two different time points, and χ2was used to test significance.ResultsIn phase I, the sensitivity for detecting any DR for all grader groups in Vietnam was low (41.8–42.2%) and improved in phase II after additional training was delivered (51.3–87.2%). The greatest improvement was seen among level 1 graders (p<0.001), and the lowest improvement was observed among level 3 graders (p=0.326). There was a statistically significant improvement in sensitivity for detecting referable DR and referable diabetic macular oedema between all grader levels. The post-training values ranged from 40.0 to 61.5% (including ungradable images) and 55.6%–90.0% (excluding ungradable images).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that targeted training interventions can improve accuracy of DR grading. These findings have important implications for improving service delivery in DR screening programmes in low-resource settings.
Systematic review of the effectiveness of the health inequalities strategy in England between 1999 and 2010
Authors: Holdroyd Ian , Vodden Alice , Srinivasan Akash , Kuhn Isla , Bambra Clare , Ford John Alexander 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review is to explore the effectiveness of the National Health Inequality Strategy, which was conducted in England between 1999 and 2010.DesignThree databases (Ovid Medline, Embase and PsycINFO) and grey literature were searched for articles published that reported on changes in inequalities in health outcomes in England over the implementation period. Articles published between January 1999 and November 2021 were included. Title and abstracts were screened according to an eligibility criteria. Data were extracted from eligible studies, and risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool.ResultsThe search strategy identified 10 311 unique studies, which were screened. 42 were reviewed in full text and 11 were included in the final review. Six studies contained data on inequalities of life expectancy or mortality, four on disease-specific mortality, three on infant mortality and three on morbidities. Early government reports suggested that inequalities in life expectancy and infant mortality had increased. However, later publications using more accurate data and more appropriate measures found that absolute and relative inequalities had decreased throughout the strategy period for both measures. Three of four studies found a narrowing of inequalities in all-cause mortality. Absolute inequalities in mortality due to cancer and cardiovascular disease decreased, but relative inequalities increased. There was a lack of change, or widening of inequalities in mental health, self-reported health, health-related quality of life and long-term conditions.ConclusionsWith respect to its aims, the strategy was broadly successful. Policymakers should take courage that progress on health inequalities is achievable with long-term, multiagency, cross-government action.Trial registration numberThis study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021285770).
Assessment of person-centeredness in healthcare and social support services for women with unintended pregnancy (CarePreg): protocol for a mixed-method study
Authors: Zill Jördis M , Lindig Anja , Reck Lara Maria , Scholl Isabelle , Härter Martin , Hahlweg Pola 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFor women with unintended pregnancy, access to high-quality care has been found limited due to social stigma and legal restrictions, especially when seeking abortion. To foster person-centeredness (PC), recognising the experiences and needs of women is the first premise. This study aims to (1) identify relevant dimensions of PC (2) evaluate PC in healthcare and social support services, (3) develop recommendations for further actions in healthcare and social support services for women with unintended pregnancy.Methods and analysisWe will use a mixed-methods approach. Phase 1: expert workshops with 10–15 healthcare professionals and counsellors and semistructured interviews with 15–20 women with unintended pregnancy will be conducted to assess the relevance of PC dimensions. Phase 2: quantitative assessment of PC dimensions within healthcare and support services will be conducted. We aim to include 600 women with an unintended pregnancy (1) until 24 weeks of pregnancy or (2) who sought abortion within the past 8 weeks, over three measurement points within 12 months. To deepen the results, semistructured interviews will be conducted. Phase 3: a workshop with 10–15 experts and an online survey with 100–150 experts will be used to indicate recommendations. Participants will be gained through relevant care facilities. An ethical advisory board and an advisory board of affected women will be involved throughout the study.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be carried out in accordance to the latest version of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association and principles of good scientific practice. The study was approved by the Local Psychological Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (LPEK-0260). Written informed consent will be sought prior to study participation. The study results will be disseminated in scientific journals, through collaboration partners and plain language press releases.
Association of bridging therapy utilization with clinical outcomes in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy
Authors: Johnson P Connor , Jacobson Caron , Yi Alisha , Gaballa Mahmoud R , Horick Nora , Rabideau Dustin J , Lindell Kevin , DePinho Gabriel D , El-Jawahri Areej R , Frigault Matthew J 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy recipients may receive bridging therapy while awaiting product manufacturing to control disease. Yet, data are lacking regarding the impact of bridging therapy use on clinical outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 235 patients who received CAR T-cell therapy at two tertiary care centers from February 2016 to December 2019. We abstracted clinical outcomes from review of the electronic health record including (1) overall response; (2) complete response (CR); (3) progression-free survival (PFS); (4) overall survival (OS); and (5) toxicity (cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity). We assessed the association of bridging therapy use with overall response rate (ORR) and CR rate using multivariable logistic regression and with PFS and OS using multivariable Cox regression controlling for covariates. We analyzed the association of bridging therapy use with CRS and neurotoxicity using Fisher’s exact test.ResultsPatients’ median age was 63.1 years (range: 19–82), and the majority were men (144/235, 61.3%). Most patients received axicabtagene ciloleucel (192/235, 81.7%), and the most common lymphoma subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or grade 3B follicular lymphoma (107/235, 45.5%). Overall, 39.4% (93/236) received bridging therapy. Bridging therapy regimens included systemic chemotherapy (48/92, 52.2%), corticosteroids (25/92, 27.2%), radiation (9/92, 9.8%), and other systemic therapies (10/92, 10.9%). In multivariable Cox regression, bridging therapy use was associated with OS (HR: 1.97, p=0.004) but not PFS (HR: 1.18, p=0.449). In multivariable logistic regression, bridging therapy use was not associated with ORR (OR: 0.69, p=0.391) or CR rate (OR: 0.96, p=0.901). We did not identify an association of bridging therapy use with grade 3+ CRS (p=0.574) or grade 3+ neurotoxicity (p=0.748).ConclusionsWe identified that bridging therapy use is not associated with differences in ORR, CR rate, or PFS but is associated with worse OS. These data suggest bridging therapy may be a surrogate for additional poor prognostic factors leading to inferior OS and underscore the need for novel bridging therapy regimens to optimize outcomes in this patient population.
A substandard candle: the low-$$\nu $$ method at few-GeV neutrino energies
Authors: Wilkinson C. , Dolan S. , Pickering L. , Wret C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments improve oscillation parameter constraints with more data, control over systematic uncertainties on the incoming neutrino flux and interaction models is increasingly important. The intense beams offered by modern experiments permit a variety of options to constrain the flux using in situ “standard candle” measurements. These standard candles must use very well understood interaction processes to avoid introducing additional interaction model dependence. One option often discussed in this context is the “low-$$\nu $$
ν
” method, which is designed to isolate neutrino interactions where there is low energy-transfer to the nucleus, such that the interaction cross section is expected to be approximately constant as a function of neutrino energy. The shape of the low-energy transfer event sample can then be used to extract the flux shape. Applications of the method at high neutrino energies (many tens of GeV) are well understood. However, the applicability of the method at the lower energies of current and future few-GeV accelerator neutrino experiments remains unclear due to the presence of nuclear and form-factor effects inherent in the interaction models.In this analysis we examine the prospects for improving constraints on the accelerator neutrino fluxes in situ with the low-$$\nu $$
ν
method in an experiment-independent way, using (anti)neutrino interactions on argon and hydrocarbon targets from the GENIE, NEUT, NuWro and GiBUU event generators. We begin by investigating the extent to which deviations from the constant cross-section assumption are dependent on poorly understood aspects of the neutrino interaction model. We then assess whether a low energy-transfer event sample can be confidently identified using experimentally accessible observables. We finally consider how the practicalities of reconstructing the energy spectrum of interacting neutrinos in realistic detectors might further limit the utility of low-$$\nu $$
ν
flux constraints. The results show that flux constraints from the low-$$\nu $$
ν
method would be severely dependent on the interaction model assumptions used in an analysis of neutrinos with energies below 5 GeV, and anti-neutrinos below at least 15 GeV. The spread of model predictions show that a low-$$\nu $$
ν
analysis is unlikely to offer much improvement on typical neutrino flux uncertainties, even with a perfect detector. Notably—running counter to the assumption inherent to the low-$$\nu $$
ν
method—the model-dependence increases with decreasing energy transfer for experiments in the few-GeV region.
Neonatal and Maternal Risk Factors for Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia: A Cross-Sectional Study from Bahrain
Authors: Isa Hasan M. , AlBuainain Noor Y. , Bunajem Fatema Y. , Masood Abdulrahman S. , Bucheery Yusuf A. 
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives. Jaundice is a common cause of hospital admission in infants presenting within the first month of life. This study is aimed at determining neonatal and maternal risk factors of indirect hyperbilirubinemia, at comparing neonates with risk factors and those without, and at assessing the type of management according to hyperbilirubinemia severity. Material and Methods. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, medical records of neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia who were admitted to the Pediatric Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain, between January 2020 and December 2020 were reviewed. Neonatal demographic data, antenatal history, birth weight, feeding type, maternal and neonatal laboratory evaluations, management, and length of hospital stay were collected and compared. Results. Out of 555 records, 404 neonates were included. Among those, 209 (51%) were males and 275 (68.1%) were Bahraini. The median indirect bilirubin level at presentation was 218 (interquartile range, 174-270) μmol/L. ABO incompatibility was the commonest risk factor for neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia (

n
=
152

, 37.6%) followed by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (

n
=
130

/400, 32.5%). Age (>25 years) was the commonest maternal risk factor (

n
=
331

, 81.9%) followed by cesarean delivery (

n
=
137

, 33.9%). Neonates with ABO incompatibility had a significantly higher mean indirect bilirubin level compared to those with other risk factors (

234.9
±
68.5

versus

225
±
82.2

mmol/L, respectively) (

P
=
0.04

). Phototherapy use significantly increased along with the rise of bilirubin level (

P
<
0.0001

). Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and exchange transfusion were used in 44 (10.9%) and 14 (3.5%) patients, respectively. Neonates who received IVIG had significantly higher bilirubin levels than those who did not (

P
=
0.005

). Male newborns (

P
=
0.008

), Bahrainis (

P
=
0.001

), those with reticulocytosis (

P
=
0.001

), and those who received IVIG (

P
=
0.001

) were more prone to have associated risk factors. Conclusion. ABO incompatibility, G6PD deficiency, and older maternal age were the commonest neonatal and maternal risk factors for developing neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Bahraini, male newborns, reticulocytosis, and IVIG use were associated with these factors. Early detection of such factors through screening can aid in immediate management to prevent serious complications of this common condition.