bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent Engineering‐Enabled Surface Defect Passivation in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells with Low Open‐Circuit Voltage Losses and Improved Carrier Lifetime
Authors: Farooq Umar , Han Boyang , Ali Shah Usman , Yang Fa , Li Sheng , Song Yanping , Hassan Ali , Li Zhengquan , Wang Jin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe efficiency of earth‐abundant kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells has been lagging behind the Shockley‐Queisser limit primarily due to the presence of deep‐level defects. These deep‐level defects cause critical issues such as short carrier diffusion length, significant band tailing, and a large open‐circuit voltage (Voc) deficit, ultimately leading to low device efficiency. To address these issues, we propose a post‐fabrication defect healing strategy by dip‐coating the CZTSSe film in dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Immersing the absorber layer in DMF (a polar solvent), neutralizes CuSn antisite defects through chemical bonding and facilitates the formation of a dense, smooth CZTSSe film with larger grain size. Deep‐level transient spectroscopy revealed a remarkable increase in carrier diffusion length from 93 nm (control device) to 142 nm (champion device), confirming the beneficial effect of solvent‐assisted post‐treatment on mitigating CuSn antisite defects. The reduction in defect densities led to a decrease in Voc deficit by up to 289 mV, accompanied by an increased champion device efficiency of 11.4 %. This work highlights the huge potential of the DMF post‐treatment strategy for defect healing in CZTSSe solar cells.
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic mucosal melanoma: 3‐year survival update and multi‐omics analysis
Authors: Dai Jie , Xu Tianxiao , Li Lifeng , Fang Meiyu , Lin Jing , Cao Jun , Bai Xue , Li Caili , Wei Xiaoting , Gu Junjie , Liu Yaoyao , Gao Xuan , Xia Xuefeng , Guo Jun , Chen Yu , Mao Lili , Si Lu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAtezolizumab plus bevacizumab has shown promising efficacy in advanced mucosal melanoma in the multi‐centre phase II study. This report updates 3‐year survival outcomes and multi‐omics analysis to identify potential response biomarkers.MethodsForty‐three intention‐to‐treat (ITT) patients received intravenous administration of atezolizumab and bevacizumab every 3 weeks. Available samples underwent whole exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing and targeted bisulphite sequencing to assess correlations with clinical outcomes.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 40.3 months, the median overall survival (mOS) was 23.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.1–34), and the 3‐year OS rate was 28.7% (95% CI, 17.6%–46.8%). Patients with upper site melanoma exhibited longer progression‐free survival (PFS), higher tumour neoantigen burden (TNB) and greater copy number variations (CNVs) burden compared to those with lower site melanoma. NRAS mutations were associated with enhanced angiogenesis, with five of six patients achieving partial response. Inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenic status and activation of the SMAD2 and p38 MAPK pathways may be prognostic indicators.ConclusionsThis 3‐year updated analysis confirms the sustained efficacy of atezolizumab in combination of bevacizumab in patients with advanced mucosal melanoma. Inflammatory cell infiltration and angiogenic status were associated with therapeutic response. Furthermore, mucosal melanoma of upper site and NRAS mutation appear to be good predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor and anti‐angiogenic combination treatment. Targeting SMAD2 and p38 MAPK pathways may further improve the outcome of mucosal melanoma.Key points
3‐year follow‐up study confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab
Tumors in the upper site and NRAS mutations are more sensitive to treatment
Inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenic status, and activation of the SMAD2 and p38 MAPK pathways may be prognostic indicators
Improved Double‐Ridge Horn Antenna With Microstrip Feed Line and Fork‐Shaped Dielectric Plate
Authors: Guo Shi Yu , Chen Zhi Qiang , Ye Da Gui , Ye Liang Hua , Shi Xinrong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAn ultrawideband double‐ridge horn (DRH) antenna having a high gain and excellent impedance matching is presented. Two metal reflectors are perpendicular to the two ridges for improving the lower‐ and center‐frequency gain, while two sets of metallic gird sidewalls are used to fix the two reflectors together for structural stability and further increase the lower frequency gain. Additionally, a fork‐shaped dielectric plate, which is fixed between the ridges, is used to improve the higher frequency gain. To improve the impedance matching at 1–18 GHz, a microstrip line having a smoothly tapered ground plane is employed to feed the DRH antenna. Good impedance matching for VSWR < 1.85 and high gain ranging from 7.6 to 18.6 dBi are obtained for the designed DRH antenna.
Examination of endoscopic intracanal observation with an ultrafine‐diameter scope
Authors: Jinno Takeshi , Miyaguchi Kazuya , Muraishi Daiki , Narumi Toshiyuki , Kabasawa Kanji , Ohgo Hideki , Tsuzuki Yoshikazu , Imaeda Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesThe endoscopic channel can be damaged by instruments during use and cleaning, leading to contamination, infection, and increased repair costs. However, few devices are available to observe the inside of the endoscopic channel. This study employed an ultrafine‐diameter scope to examine damage in the endoscopic channel.MethodsFifty‐eight endoscopes used at our institution were examined for scratches, discoloration, or deformation in the endoscopic channel using an ultrafine‐diameter scope.ResultsDamage was observed in seven of the 24 observation endoscopes and 27 of the 34 therapeutic endoscopes, with damage being more common in the therapeutic endoscopes. Scratches were observed in nine of the 25 upper gastrointestinal endoscopes, 23 of the 24 colonoscopes, and one of the two echoendoscopes. Additionally, two colonoscopes, one echoendoscope, and one double‐balloon endoscope showed indentation or narrowing near the curvature.ConclusionsThe use of an ultrafine‐diameter scope enabled the detection of minute damage and deformations in the channel. Periodic observation with the ultrafine‐diameter scope may promote the long‐term use of the scopes.
Integrated copper‐based Janus thermal system for efficient water harvesting around the clock
Authors: Zhang Congji , Chen Guopeng , Xie Shangzhen , Li Shuo , Feng Ke , Guo Zhiguang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMany regions across the globe are grappling with water scarcity issues, prompting the exploration of innovative water harvesting techniques. While the development of high‐performance water harvesting materials has been widely documented, these technologies often rely on a singular source with limited efficiency. This study presents a dual‐functional copper Janus system that facilitates continuous freshwater harvesting by integrating seawater desalination powered by solar energy during daylight hours and fog collection during night and morning time. The Janus system consists of a copper sheet and copper foam substrate, featuring superhydrophilic pores arranged on the superhydrophobic surface, as well as superhydrophilic flake‐like structures made of soot‐carbon particles, which are deposited on the framework of the copper foam. The fog collection rate of this system has been measured at 210.65 kg m−2 h−1, while the solar‐driven evaporation rate of seawater under 1‐sun conditions is reported at 1.44 kg m−2 h−1. The fog collection and evaporation efficiency have been enhanced by 28.72% and 183.27%, respectively. Furthermore, the system demonstrates strong and consistent performance even after repeated use, ensuring sustained water collection over prolonged periods. Therefore, this study presents a promising avenue for water collection technologies and offers valuable insights for the advancement of sustainable freshwater production methods.
Design and preparation of a simplified microdroplet generation device for nanoliter volume collection and measurement with liquid microjunction–surface sampling probe–mass spectrometry
Authors: Reddy Daniel O. , Zhang Lishen , Covey Thomas R. , Oleschuk Richard D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGiven recent interest in laboratory automation and miniaturization, the microdroplet research space has expanded across research disciplines and sectors. In turn, the microdroplet field is continually evolving and seeking new methods to generate microdroplets, especially in ways that can be integrated into diverse (microfluidic) workflows. Herein, we present a convenient, low‐cost, and re‐usable microdroplet generation device, termed as the “NanoWand,” which enables microdroplet formation in the nanoliter volume range through modulated surface energy and roughness, that is, an open surface energy trap (oSET), using commercially available and readily assembled coating and substrate materials. A wand‐like shape is excised from a microscope glass cover slip via laser‐micromachining and rendered hydrophobic; a circle is then cut‐out from the hydrophobically modified wand's tip using laser‐micromachining to create the oSET. By adjusting the size of the oSET with laser‐micromachining, the volume of the microdroplet can be similarly controlled. Using liquid microjunction–surface sampling probe–mass spectrometry (LMJ‐SSP‐MS), specific NanoWand droplet capture volumes were estimated to be 117 ± 23.6 nL, 198 ± 30.3 nL, and 277 ± 37.1 nL, corresponding to oSET diameters of 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25 mm, respectively. This simple approach provides a user‐friendly way to form and transfer microdroplets that could be integrated into different liquid handling applications, especially when combined with the LMJ‐SSP and ambient ionization MS as a powerful and rapid analytical tool.
Health Impacts and Innovative Extraction Methods of Fish Oil: A Review
Authors: Kalkan Ezgi , Keskin Çavdar Hasene , Maskan Medeni 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOver the last five decades, the potential health benefits of long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly those found in fish oil, have been recognized, and recommendations for their consumption have increased. Fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has gained increasing scientific interest, but the currently published literature lacks comprehensive and comparable information. This review provides an extensive overview of the effect of fish oil supplementation on various diseases, including coronary heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, as well as its role during pregnancy and childhood, evaluating recent studies. Simultaneously, the extraction of fish oil using novel production methods, including supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme‐assisted extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, and microwave‐assisted extraction, and their effects on fish oil quality, both qualitatively and quantitatively, are discussed. This study emphasized the therapeutic effect of fish oil consumption but, for many diseases, further research is required to unveil the optimal dosage and formulation of fish oil.Practical Application: This review covers all aspects of novel fish oil extraction processes, including their benefits and drawbacks as well as the impact of fish oil supplementation on major diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. The fish oil's quality and recovery were influenced by the extraction technique, extraction conditions, and raw material properties. Thus, in order to acquire high‐quality oil, optimization is a crucial step. This review will help researchers in different ways. For example, one can understand and utilize the best fish oil extraction technique and/or feed on oil in order to gain its health benefit components.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched 2‐((Hetera)Cyclo) Alkylchromanols and their Spirocyclic Analogs through Enzymatic Resolution
Authors: Timokhin Oleksii S. , Romanova Anastasiia M. , Moskvina Viktoria S. , Kucher Olexandr V. , Boiko Aleksandr I. , Banasevych Anna L. , Durylin Dmytro , Brovarets Volodymyr S. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAn efficient approach to the multigram synthesis of 2‐((hetera) cyclo) alkylchromanols and their spirocyclic analogs based on enzymatic resolution is described. It is shown that enzymatic acylation could be used for the preparation of enantioenriched title compounds with primary alkyl substituents at the C‐2 position. Meanwhile, enzymatic hydrolysis of the corresponding acetates was optimal for the preparation of the target alcohols when significant steric hindrance is present, e. g., due to the α‐branching. The latter factor was demonstrated to be crucial for the enzymatic reaction rate in both cases. The synthetic utility of the obtained chiral alcohols was demonstrated through Mitsunobu configuration inversion, as well as by preparation of the corresponding primary amines – valuable sp3‐enriched building blocks for medicinal chemistry.
Polyethylene Oxide Incorporated Ammonium Iodide Doped With Ionic Liquid Trihexyl (Tetradecy) Phosphonium Dicyanamide‐Based Polymer Electrolyte for Dual Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Rawat Suneyana , Singh Pramod K. , Yahya M. Z. A. , Yusuf S. N. F. , Diantoro Markus , Latif Famiza Abdul , Singh Ram Chandra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCation phosphonium‐based ionic liquids (PBILs) have recently gained attention since the 2000s due to their thermal stability and low viscosity for better ionic conduction in electrochemical devices. This paper introduces a new low‐viscosity phosphonium‐based ionic liquids (PBILs)—trihexyl (tetradecy) phosphonium dicyanamide—infused in polyethylene oxide: ammonium iodide (NH4I) complex polymer electrolyte. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies indicate that the ionic conductivity reaches 2.03 × 10−4 S/cm at 6 wt.% PBILs at ambient temperature. The PBILs‐doped polymer electrolyte is predominantly ionic confirm by ionic transference numbers (tion) calculation. Also the electrochemical stability window was found to be 3.2 V suitable for energy storage devices. The highest achieve ionic conductivity PBILs‐doped polymer electrolyte sandwich between the electrodes for dual energy devices like electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) and dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This study shows improvements in ionic conduction, double‐layer stability, and light‐harvesting efficiency, resulting in higher energy density and power density in EDLCs and better photovoltaic performance in DSSCs. These findings highlight the versatility and efficacy of phosphonium‐based ionic liquid‐doped polymer electrolytes for advanced energy storage and conversion applications.
Determination of Optimal Shape for Gas Storage Salt Caverns
Authors: Noroozi Mehdi , Rezaei Ali , Fathipour‐Azar Hadi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, the optimal shape for a gas storage cavern was determined by considering the elements that affect its stability and convergence. The considered factors influencing the stability of caverns include the bulk modulus of salt rock, ambient temperature, internal gas pressure, cavern depth, and cavern shape. By varying these parameters and creating various combinations, 45 scenarios were defined. Numerical models were constructed for each scenario to systematically investigate the factors affecting cavern stability. Through a comparison of the results from these numerical models, the most stable cavern shape under different conditions was determined. The study focuses on the pre‐salt environments in the Santos Basin, southeast Brazil. The findings of this study may aid in the construction of gas storage salt caverns. The results indicate that the cavern's size and geometry have a greater effect on its volume loss in salt layers with a lower bulk modulus (between 5 and 15 GPa). Additionally, when the bulk modulus is low, the rate of change of the cavern convergence to the bulk modulus is larger. Moreover, the effects of the rock salt characteristics on the cavern convergence are much less pronounced at larger depths, so a depth of 1200 m can be ignored. In comparison to the bulk modulus of salt rock, internal gas pressure has a far greater effect on the convergence of salt caverns. At shallow depths, the salt creep phenomena primarily affect the cavern's roof area, and as the depth of the cavern deepens, it increasingly damages the floor and middle walls. When precise control of the gas pressure in proportion to the cavern depth is not attainable, the optimal form for designing gas storage salt caverns with varying depths based on the minimal convergence criterion is a horizontal ellipsoid. In contrast, the vertical ellipsoidal cavern always results in the greatest volume loss and displacement and is hence regarded as the least acceptable alternative. A downward pear‐shaped cavern can be a good alternative to a horizontal ellipsoidal cavern for higher depths. The design and construction of the downward pear‐shaped cavern instead of the upward pear‐shaped cavern leads to better control and the reduction of the displacements.
Agri‐Mat Mulching Improves Aggregate Stability and Soil Pore Formation on Smallholder Farms in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Mgolozeli Sibongiseni , Nciizah Adornis D. , Wakindiki Isaiah I. C. , Dhavu Khumbulani , Mudau Fhatuwani N. , Onwona‐Agyeman Siaw 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAgri‐mats are solid organic mulch mats derived from various organic waste materials such as straw, grass, weed biomass, algae residues, etc. These agri‐mats are created by hot‐ or cold‐pressing biomass into solid, bio degradable mats. Although agri‐mats provide remarkable benefits to agricultural soils, including improved soil fertility and crop productivity, their effect on topsoil structure has not been adequately explored. The aim of this study was to determine the aggregate stability and physical architecture of two contrasting soils using the fast‐wetting method and X‐ray microfocus computed tomography (CT), respectively. The following five treatments were established in two sites (Durban with loam soil and Pretoria with sandy loam soil): (i) full agri‐mat cover (100% AG), (ii) half agri‐mat cover (50% AG), (iii) bare or no cover (control), (iv). 6 tons.ha−1 of grass mulch (6 t.GM) and (v) 3 tons.ha−1 grass mulch (3 t.GM). The two sites were planted with maize in summer and spinach in winter for two consecutive seasons (2017/18 and 2018/19). The aggregate stability test results indicated that 100% agri‐mat (100% AG) mulch had greater aggregate stabilizing ability than all other mulching treatments in both soil types. In the loam soil, the 100% AG treatment increased the stability of the aggregates by 58% and by 65% in the sandy loam soil after two years. The X‐ray CT analysis results showed that under the loam soil, 50% AG mulch treatment produced more (89%) macro‐aggregates (> 250 μm) compared to 100% AG (77%). However, the 100% AG treatment produced more (71%) macro‐aggregates compared with the 50% AG (65%) under the sandy loam soil. Based on the overall morphological characteristics of the soil aggregates, the 100% AG treatment was superior to the other organic mulching treatments in terms of soil pore structure formation and aggregate stability regardless of the soil type after two years.
Flow‐Through Flaps as a Robust Method for Advanced Free Flap Reconstruction in the Head and Neck: A Multi‐Institutional Experience
Authors: Mastrolonardo Eric V. , Sussman Sarah , Llerena Pablo , Amin Dev R. , Nunes Kathryn , Bridgham Kelly , De Ravin Emma , Campbell Daniel J. , Agarwal Aarti , Philips Ramez , Rind Fahad , Ivancic Ryan , McIlwain Wesley , Kang Stephen Y. , Ducic Yadranko , Sweeny Larissa , Moreno Mauricio A. , Myers René P. , Thomas Carissa M. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Wax Mark , Curry Joseph M. , Hanasono Matthew M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundFlow‐through flaps (FTFs) are an advanced technique in which a free flap is anastomosed to the pedicle of another free flap to reconstruct extensive head and neck defects when recipient vessels are scarce.MethodsA multi‐institutional cohort of FTFs used for head and neck reconstruction were reviewed. For comparison, FTF outcomes were compared to free flaps that required vein grafts (VG) to reach distant recipient vessels.ResultsA total of forty‐two patients underwent surgery using a FTF configuration, including 32 simultaneous and 10 sequential FTFs. There were no instances of flap failure compared to a 7% flap failure rate in the VG group (n = 54). The overall postoperative complication rate was 28% compared to a 46% complication rate in the VG group (p = 0.093).ConclusionFTFs are a reliable option for reconstruction of extensive head and neck defects when recipient blood vessel availability is limited.
Scientific Histories of Hippocampal Research: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Hasselmo Michael E. , Nadel Lynn 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNumerous scientific advances and discoveries have arisen from research on the hippocampal formation. This special issue provides first‐person historical descriptions of these advances and discoveries in hippocampal research, written by those directly involved in the research. This is the first section of a special issue that will also include future articles on this topic. Here, we discuss some of the factors that motivated this special issue, and the major themes of hippocampal research that are addressed.
Perception of the Importance of Inherited Genetics and Lifestyle on the Development of Chronic Diseases: A UK Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Hussain Aamir , Santos‐Merx Lourdes , Boit Mariasole Da 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThere is emerging evidence that genes, lifestyles and environment play a prominent role in the development of non‐communicable diseases. Currently, there is not information on people's perception of inherited genetics vs. lifestyle on disease development. Knowing people's belief on disease etiology will better inform public health strategies for the adoption of a healthy lifestyle.MethodsIndividuals aged 18 years and over were recruited in 2019 among the UK population and 363 participants completed an anonymous questionnaire. The main outcomes assessed were perception of importance of inherited genes and lifestyle on the development of diseases. T‐tests and χ2 were used.ResultsThe score for the importance of inherited genes in disease development was significantly lower than the lifestyle score (7.5 ± 1.7 vs. 8.5 ± 1, p <0.001). Moreover, the majority of the respondents chose lifestyle over inherited genes as most important factor for cancer, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 Diabetes development (50.8% vs. 29.6%, 79% vs. 11.9%, 85.7% vs. 9.6%; respectively), while 60.6% of respondents selected inherited genes for rheumatoid arthritis (p < 0.05). Knowledge about genes or a healthy lifestyle did not influence the selection of lifestyle as the most important factor (p > 0.05).ConclusionOverall, participants were well aware of the importance of lifestyle as a determinant risk factor for chronic disease development. This is an important step toward adopting a healthy lifestyle.