bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Realist-Informed Review of Digital Empowerment Strategies for Adolescents to Improve Their Sexual and Reproductive Health and Well-being
Authors: Goh Kunshan , Contractor Sana , Van Belle Sara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of digital technologies for health has been rapidly gaining ground in the last decade, including as a strategy to empower adolescents living in urban resource-constrained settings. Nevertheless, unclarity and incoherence remain regarding which programme strategies generate which outcomes, as well as regarding the importance of context. We set out to answer the question “How do digital empowerment strategies work to improve adolescent health and well-being?”. We conducted a realist-informed review, the first on this subject matter to our knowledge. The realist methodology is geared towards the understanding of socially complex interventions, such as digital empowerment. We synthesized the data into a programme theory uncovering social mechanisms and context conditions underlying specific programme strategies. We found that digital technologies enlarge the space for adolescents to access information to health services on their own terms and provide anonymity, which leads to a sense of safety if access is not curbed by gatekeepers. If adolescents have access to information adapted to their needs, they will be able to make informed decisions, and this will contribute to improved health outcomes because their better understanding enlarges their sense of individual agency. We identified two main gaps in the literature on digital interventions for adolescents. Both are related to an under-theoretisation of the concepts the programmes rely on in implementation: (1) the urban environment the programme has to operate in and its meaning for the adolescents; (2) the socio-developmental stage of the adolescents the programmes work in.
Radiological assessment of dementia: the Italian inter-society consensus for a practical and clinically oriented guide to image acquisition, evaluation, and reporting
Authors: Pizzini Francesca B. , Conti Enrico , Bianchetti Angelo , Splendiani Alessandra , Fusco Domenico , Caranci Ferdinando , Bozzao Alessandro , Landi Francesco , Gandolfo Nicoletta , Farina Lisa , Miele Vittorio , Trabucchi Marco , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Bastianello Stefano 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Radiological evaluation of dementia is expected to increase more and more in routine practice due to both the primary role of neuroimaging in the diagnostic pathway and the increasing incidence of the disease. Despite this, radiologists often do not follow a disease-oriented approach to image interpretation, for several reasons, leading to reports of limited value to clinicians. In our work, through an intersocietal consensus on the main mandatory knowledge about dementia, we proposed a disease-oriented protocol to optimize and standardize the acquisition/evaluation/interpretation and reporting of radiological images. Our main purpose is to provide a practical guideline for the radiologist to help increase the effectiveness of interdisciplinary dialogue and diagnostic accuracy in daily practice.

Results
We defined key clinical and imaging features of the dementias (A), recommended MRI protocol (B), proposed a disease-oriented imaging evaluation and interpretation (C) and report (D) with a glimpse to future avenues (E). The proposed radiological practice is to systematically evaluate and score atrophy, white matter changes, microbleeds, small vessel disease, consider the use of quantitative measures using commercial software tools critically, and adopt a structured disease-oriented report.

Summary statement
In the expanding field of cognitive disorders, the only effective assessment approach is the standardized disease-oriented one, which includes a multidisciplinary integration of the clinical picture, MRI, CSF and blood biomarkers and nuclear medicine.
Pre-radiotherapy systemic immune inflammation index associated with overall survival in patients with advanced EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer receiving thoracic radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Dujuan , Qin Hongyue , Deng Guangchuan , Wang Qi , Wang Haiyong , Liu Xijun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic potential of the pre-radiotherapy systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) for the survival of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, which might provide a basis for optimizing the comprehensive treatment scheme.

Methods
A total of 111 lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutations, who received thoracic radiotherapy, were included in this retrospective study. The primary endpoint of the study was based on the overall survival (OS) of patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut-off value of each immune inflammation index. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed for the comparison of OS. The Cox proportional-hazard model was used for the multivariate and univariate regression analyses to determine the correlations of prognostic factors with the disease.

Results
SII was divided into the high SII group (≥ 620.2; 45.95%) and the low SII group (SII < 620.2; 54.05%) based on the optimal cutoff values. The median OS rates were 53.3 and 33.3 months in the low and high SII groups, respectively, showing statistically significant differences ( hazard ratio (HR) = 0.459; 95% CI 0.286–0.736; P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that, after adjusting for the significant covariates, the SII values were independently associated with the improved OS of the patients (adjusted HR = 0.444; 95% CI 0.279–0.709; P = 0.001). The low NLR values were associated with the better OS of patients (HR = 0.509; 95% CI 0.326–0.792; P = 0.005) and vice versa (HR = 0.422; 95% CI 0.213–0.836; P < 0.001). The patients in the low LMR group before radiotherapy exhibited longer OS as compared to those in the high LMR group (HR = 0.497; 95% CI 0.308–0.802; P = 0.001).

Conclusions
This study showed that these inflammatory indices might have an important prognostic potential for advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutations, receiving thoracic radiotherapy and might provide a basis for the individualized treatment of these patients.
Character strengths and mental health as complex systems: a network analysis to identify bridge strengths
Authors: Blasco-Belled Ana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe network approach poses an alternative focus to understand psychological constructs as emerging from mutual interactions among indicators. Network psychometrics has been applied to psychopathology to unravel the connections between symptoms, but it can also be applied to the study of well-being. The role of character strengths in mental health is at the forefront of research attention. Previous findings suggest that heart character strengths are more predictive of mental health than mind character strengths. Nevertheless, researchers have rarely applied the network approach in this context. The present study examines, from the network approach, the connections between heart and mind character strengths and mental health. Building upon the dual-factor model of mental health, positive (i.e., happiness and life satisfaction) and negative indicators (i.e., depression) were included in the assessment of this construct. A sample of 597 Spanish undergraduates (M = 23.52; SD = 5.25; 75.6% females) completed cross-sectional self-report measures. Network analysis was used to estimate a network composed of two communities: character strengths and mental health. We used centrality analysis to calculate the importance of each node and bridge centrality to examine the interactions between the communities. The results indicated that the heart strengths of love, zest, hope, and gratitude reported the highest bridge strength centrality, suggesting that they played an intermediary role activating and deactivating components of mental health. Adopting the network approach to explore the connections between character strengths and mental health can help design focused intervention strategies in psychology.
Nationwide analysis of laparoscopic groin hernia repair in Italy from 2015 to 2020
Authors: Ortenzi Monica , Botteri Emanuele , Balla Andrea , Podda Mauro , Guerrieri Mario , Sartori Alberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract Since its introduction, the minimally invasive treatment of groin hernias has become widely accepted as a viable alternative to open surgery. Still, the rates and reasons for its adoption vary highly among countries and the regions within a country. After almost thirty years since its introduction, its spread is still limited. The present study, conducted under the auspices of AGENAS (Italian National Agency for Regional Services), aims at giving a snapshot of the spreading of minimally invasive and robotic techniques for the treatment of groin hernia in Italy. This study is retrospective, with data covering the period from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2020. AGENAS provided data using the operation and diagnosis codes used at discharge and reported in the International Classification of Diseases 9th revision (ICD9 2002 version). Admissions performed on an outpatient basis, i.e., without an overnight stay of at least one night in hospital, were excluded. A total of 33,925 laparoscopic hernia repairs were performed during the considered period. Overall, a slight increase in the number of procedures performed was observed from 2015 to 2019, with a mean annual change of 8.60% (CI: 6.46–10.74; p < 0.0001). The number of laparoscopic procedures dropped in 2020, and when considering the whole period, the mean annual change was − 0.98% (CI: − 7.41–5.45; p < 0.0001). Urgent procedures ranged from 335 in 2015 to 508 in 2020 referring to absolute frequencies, and from 0.87% to 9.8% in relative frequencies of overall procedures in 2017 and 2020, respectively (mean = 4.51%; CI = 3.02%–6%; p < 0.001). The most relevant observation that could be made according to our analysis was that the adoption of the laparoscopic approach knew a slow but steady increase from 2015 onward.
Phlyctema vagabunda is the main causal agent of apple bull’s eye rot in New Zealand
Authors: Everett Kerry R. , Pushparajah Shamini I.P.S. , Vergara Michelle J. , Hasna Luna , Wood Peter N. , Fisher Brent M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBull’s eye rot is a postharvest storage disease of apples. Until now the cause of this disease in New Zealand was not clear. A survey of 6880 apples from five regions of New Zealand over two seasons was conducted. Neofabraea malicorticis and N. perennans were not found. One hundred and seventy-nine isolates were identified as Phlyctema vagabunda by specific polymerase chain reactions and/or sequencing the β-tubulin gene region followed by phylogenetic analysis. Two isolates were identified as N. kienholzii. Previous records of the presence of N. malicorticis and N. perennans in New Zealand were based on spore morphology and presence in pruning wound cankers. There is overlap in spore morphology for N. malicorticis, N. perennans and P. vagabunda, accounting for misidentifications. Based on our results it is likely that previous records were P. vagabunda, which can also infect pruning wounds.
The Threat of Wildfires and Pulmonary Complications: A Narrative Review
Authors: Stawovy Lauren , Balakrishnan Bathmapriya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The increase in wildfire prevalence and severity has generated alarm as wildfire air pollution is associated with significant respiratory morbidity. We aim to summarize the pathophysiology of wildfire air pollution causing lung disease, current knowledge of pulmonary health effects, and precautionary guidance to the public. We also propose specific guidance for high-risk patients during wildfires.

Recent Findings
Health effects of wildfire air pollution have been difficult to evaluate; however, respiratory morbidity has been firmly established including exacerbation of known pulmonary disease and increased hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and dispensation of reliever medications. Public health agencies and officials provide wildfire preparation recommendations and active updates to the public during a wildfire event but fail to address specific needs of chronic lung disease patients considered high-risk for pulmonary complications. To fill this void, it is increasingly important for pulmonary physicians to understand wildfire-related pulmonary morbidity and provide specific guidance to their patients.

Summary
This review summarizes the health effects of wildfire air pollution and provides guidance for the management of high-risk patients during wildfires.
Maximal regularity for semilinear non-autonomous evolution equations in temporally weighted spaces
Authors: Hossni Tebbani , Mahdi Achache 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider the problem of maximal regularity for the semilinear non-autonomous evolution equations $$\begin{aligned} u'(t)+A(t)u(t)=F(t,u),\, t \text {-a.e.}, \, u(0)=u_0. \end{aligned}$$

u
′

(
t
)

+
A

(
t
)

u

(
t
)

=
F

(
t
,
u
)

,

t
-a.e.
,

u

(
0
)

=

u
0

.

Here, the time-dependent operators A(t) are associated with (time dependent) sesquilinear forms on a Hilbert space $$\mathcal {H}.$$

H
.

We prove the maximal regularity result in temporally weighted $$L^2$$

L
2

-spaces and other regularity properties for the solution of the previous problem under minimal regularity assumptions on the forms, the initial value $$u_0$$

u
0

and the inhomogeneous term F. Our results are motivated by boundary value problems.
Power density capacity of tidal stream turbine arrays with horizontal and vertical axis turbines
Authors: Ouro Pablo , Dené Paul , Garcia-Novo Patxi , Stallard Tim , Kyozuda Yusaku , Stansby Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTidal and wind energy projects almost exclusively adopt horizontal axis turbines (HATs) due to their maturity. In contrast, vertical axis turbines (VATs) have received limited consideration for large-scale deployment, partly because of their earlier technology readiness level. This paper analyses the power density of turbine arrays comprising aligned and staggered configurations with decreasing turbine spacing of HATs and VATs with height-to-diameter aspect ratios from one to four at three real tidal sites. The VAT rotor has vertical blades extending over a portion of the water depth on a circular frame. Equivalent diameter is defined as $$D_0$$

D
0

= $$\sqrt{A}$$

A

based on the projected rotor area for both VATs and HATs. The three-dimensional velocity field is computed using analytical wake models that capture cumulative wake effects. At highly energetic sites, e.g. Ramsey Sound (UK), HATs are the most suitable technology attaining power densities beyond 100 W m$$^{-2}$$

-
2

, whilst VATs provide higher power densities than HATs at those sites with low-to-medium velocities, e.g. Ría de Vigo (Spain) and Kobe Strait (Japan). At the latter site, VATs provided up to 35% larger energy yield than HATs over a 14-day tidal cycle. Our results show that VATs with height-to-diameter aspect ratios larger than three notably reduce wake effects even when deployed with a normalised turbine spacing of two $$D_0$$

D
0

, reaching an average power density capacity of 40.7 W m$$^{-2}$$

-
2

compared to HATs that attain 49.3 W m$$^{-2}$$

-
2

. This study outlines the higher efficiency of tidal stream energy compared to other renewable energy resources, e.g. offshore wind farms, reaching power densities at least one order of magnitude larger, and that VATs counterbalance their smaller individual performance with improved array synergy as wake effects are limited.
Local-global questions for divisibility in commutative algebraic groups
Authors: Dvornicich Roberto , Paladino Laura 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis is a survey focusing on the Hasse principle for divisibility of points in commutative algebraic groups and its relation with the Hasse principle for divisibility of elements of the Tate–Shavarevich group in the Weil–Châtelet group. The two local-global subjects arose as a generalization of some classical questions considered respectively by Hasse and Cassels. We describe the deep connection between the two problems and give an overview of the long-established results and the ones achieved during the last twenty years, when the questions were taken up again in a more general setting. In particular, by connecting various results about the two problems, we describe how some recent developments in the first of the two local-global questions imply an answer to Cassels’ question, which improves all the results published before about that problem. This answer is best possible over $${\mathbb Q}$$
Q
. We also describe some links with other similar questions, for example the Support Problem and the local-global principle for existence of isogenies of prime degree in elliptic curves.
Boosting Human Decision-making with AI-Generated Decision Aids
Authors: Becker Frederic , Skirzyński Julian , van Opheusden Bas , Lieder Falk 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman decision-making is plagued by many systematic errors. Many of these errors can be avoided by providing decision aids that guide decision-makers to attend to the important information and integrate it according to a rational decision strategy. Designing such decision aids used to be a tedious manual process. Advances in cognitive science might make it possible to automate this process in the future. We recently introduced machine learning methods for discovering optimal strategies for human decision-making automatically and an automatic method for explaining those strategies to people. Decision aids constructed by this method were able to improve human decision-making. However, following the descriptions generated by this method is very tedious. We hypothesized that this problem can be overcome by conveying the automatically discovered decision strategy as a series of natural language instructions for how to reach a decision. Experiment 1 showed that people do indeed understand such procedural instructions more easily than the decision aids generated by our previous method. Encouraged by this finding, we developed an algorithm for translating the output of our previous method into procedural instructions. We applied the improved method to automatically generate decision aids for a naturalistic planning task (i.e., planning a road trip) and a naturalistic decision task (i.e., choosing a mortgage). Experiment 2 showed that these automatically generated decision aids significantly improved people’s performance in planning a road trip and choosing a mortgage. These findings suggest that AI-powered boosting might have potential for improving human decision-making in the real world.
The perception of the environment through drawing in early childhood education. The case of the wetland of the Albufera in Valencia (Spain)
Authors: Sanchis Amparo Carretón , Ferrandis Ignacio García , Gómez Javier García 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSometimes, contact with the natural environment is not commonly present at school. Often, students are involved in activities considering distant environments which do not correspond to the reality of the environment in which they live. The aim of this research is to find out whether kindergarten aged children who live in the Natural Park of the Albufera in Valencia (Spain), have a feeling of belonging and perceive this characteristic natural space as part of their environment. An activity was proposed to the students in which they had to draw nearby places of their liking. From the analysis of these artworks, six thematic categories were established, two of them corresponding to a perception of the natural environment. Other subcategories also emerged during the analysis process. The results obtained seem to indicate that children from the areas located in the Natural Park of the Albufera in Valencia, have difficulties in perceiving this natural space as an important part of their environment, despite the fact it is so closely linked to their lives.
Optimization method of cutting parameters of wafer dicing saw based on orthogonal regression design
Authors: Shi Jun , Liu Wang , Chen Zhihui , Cao Weifeng , Zhou Lintao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWafer dicing saw is one of the core equipment in the manufacturing process of semiconductor integrated circuit components. The cutting accuracy of dicing saw directly affects the overall quality of processed chips. This paper systematically investigates the relationship between the main cutting process parameters and the cutting quality of the dicing saw. The orthogonal experimental design method and genetic algorithm are used to optimize the cutting process parameters, solving the high cost and low efficiency problems caused by the traditional way of selecting parameters by trial and error. After optimization, the average maximum chipping width is only 38.54 μm, which is 8.23% better than the traditional way of cutting quality. Based on the blade thickness of 35 μm, the maximum chipping width reached the industry-recognized best standard of 1.1 times the blade thickness, further proving the effectiveness of the method.Article Highlights

The first joint application of orthogonal regression design method and evoluti-onary algorithm for parameter optimiza-tion of dicing saw.

A set of optimal cutting parameters are found and verified by experiments.

Compare and contrast the optimal cutting parameters cutting’s performance.
Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Studies and Regulations of Therapeutic Applications in the United States and Japan
Authors: Ono Mao , Iwasaki Kiyotaka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Digital therapeutics (DTx), the provision of treatment through mobile devices such as smartphones, have attracted great interest as a new medical modality. However, the number of authorized therapeutic applications in the US and Japan is low. Understanding the obstacles in obtaining regulatory authorizations will be the key in promoting timely development of therapeutic applications. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the clinical study designs of therapeutic applications authorized in the US and Japan.

Methods
Data on authorized therapeutic applications and the regulations involved were collated from the databases of the Food and Drug Administration (USA), Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan), and Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (Japan).

Results
Most therapeutic applications authorized targeted neuropsychiatric disorders and used cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based treatments. All the involved clinical trials were randomized-controlled studies. Various types of controls—such as standard care, sham application, digital control, and therapies delivered by healthcare providers—were used. Both subjective and objective indices were acceptable as the primary endpoints. Long-term efficacy was evaluated, and all adverse events were assessed comprehensively. The setting up of controls and the need to study long-term efficacy depend heavily on the applications functionality and the target disease characteristics.

Conclusions
This study reveals the points to be considered in planning clinical studies and regulatory strategies for authorizing therapeutic applications. Therapeutic applications can provide new therapy and have potential to solve unmet clinical needs. Our findings shed a light on efficient development and rapid commercialization of therapeutic applications.