bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Metformin Biodegradable Polymeric Microparticles by
O/O Emulsion Solvent Evaporation: A 32 Full Factorial Design Approach
Authors: Patil Jayesh Shivaji , Pawar Yogesh Dagadu 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Sustained release of synthetic polymeric microparticles has gained more attention
as drug delivery carriers because of their properties such as good stability, low toxicity, dosing frequency,
and simple and mild preparation method. The present work was envisaged to reduce the dosing
frequency by preparing drug loaded biodegradable microspheres by the O/O emulsion solvent evaporation
technique.

Objective:
The objective behind microspheres’ preparation is to sustain the metformin release by using
ethyl cellulose as a synthetic polymer. The model drug metformin having a low biological half-life (1.5-3
hours) is selected.

Methods:
As the metformin is highly water soluble in nature, the oil-in-oil solvent evaporation techniques
are used and span 80 is utilized as surfactant. The effect of stirring rate and surfactant concentration on
the characteristics of encapsulation efficiency and drug release from the microsphere are investigated.

Results:
The results show that the drug-polymer (1:1) ratio gives better sustained release results. The
obtained microparticles are characterized by X-RD analysis and Fe-SEM, and release behavior is checked
for release patterns. A 32 full factorial design is employed for the responses. The free-flowing spherical
microspheres show high drug entrapment efficiency.

Conclusion:
The data obtained suggest that microspheres can be successfully designed with sustained
release for diabetic treatment.
Anti-proliferative Effects of Cuminum cyminum Extraction by
Co-administration of Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Nanosheets on
SW480 Colorectal Cancer Cell Line through Apoptosis Induction
Authors: Soltanzadeh Hossein , Rostami Laaya , Rad Farzad Arjomandi 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CC) is common cancer in humans and one of the major
causes of cancer death worldwide. Recently, several therapeutic methods of CC and other malignancies
have been developed, but drug resistance is an important problem in cancer treatment. Therefore,
identifying and providing novel chemotherapeutic agents is important for treating malignancies.

Objective:
In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of Cuminum cyminum extraction
using layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets on the SW480 CC cell line.

Methods:
The anti-cancer activity of C. cyminum extraction and LDH nanosheets were investigated
on the SW480 CC cell line by MTT assay. The mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes (BAX
and BCL2) was investigated by the Real-Time PCR method.

Results:
Our results revealed that extraction of C. cyminum significantly decreased proliferation and
viability of SW480 CC cell line in a concentration-time-dependent manner. However, the antiproliferation
effects of C. cyminum extraction by co-administration of LDH nanosheets were significantly
more than its monotherapy. Moreover, the expression of BAX and BCL2 genes in the treated
SW480 cells was significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively.

Conclusion:
The present study generally revealed significant anti-cancer effects of C. cyminum extraction
and LDH nanosheets combination on SW480 CC cells, which may be due to apoptosis induction.
Fabrication and Applications of Raft-Forming System - An Emerging
Trend in Gastro-retentive Drug Delivery System
Authors: Shree Dipthi , Patra Chinam Niranjan , Sahoo Biswa Mohan 
Published: July 2022

Background and Objective:
In the past several decades, the gasto-retentive drug delivery system is considered as a novel approach and has gained immense popularity in the field of novel drug delivery systems. Among several approaches to achieve gastric retention raft forming system which comes under the classification of floating drug delivery system is a subject of special research interest. This advanced drug delivery system has the potential to attain a prolonged and predictable drug delivery at specific sites of the GI tract mainly in the stomach and intestine thereby exhibiting a relatively constant plasma profile. Thus, the floating raft forming system finds useful over conventional therapeutics to treat several gastrointestinal disorders viz., gastro esophageal reflux disorder, acid reflux, peptic ulcer, oesophagitis, etc.

Methods:
In this current manuscript, an extensive search is performed for original research papers using databases viz., Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, etc. Further, painstaking efforts are made to compile and update the recent findings of the formulation scientists working exclusively in the area of raft forming systems. This article portrays a detailed survey about several applications of raft forming systems in the form of tables.

Conclusion:
The floating raft forming system has the potential for controlled drug release in the upper part of the GI tract and exerts improved bioavailability of the medications having a narrow absorption window. Thus, it is concluded that this advanced dosage form is the caliber candidate for the treatment of several gastrointestinal ailments.
Power Quality Issue, Solution and Analysis: DFIG
Authors: Singh Navdeep , Yadav Mukhraj 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Nowadays, the wind energy running cost is the cheapest renewable electrical energy.
This study describes different static power converters for a doubly fed induction generator that
are based on power quality solutions (DFIG). The latest isolated & grid-connected converter employed
like AC-DC-AC bidirectional converter is used for active and reactive power compensation,
without dc-link AC-AC converter for voltage swell and swag, Multilevel inverter for voltage
improvement, and facts devices such as D-STATCOM, UPQC, UPS, STATCOM, SDVR
mitigatory for the power quality problem. Various topologies are discussed for mitigation of
power quality through the grid code. On the other hand, various controllers joined to the power
electronics converter play an important role in solving sag, swell harmonics, flicker, noise, spinning
reverse, and so on. This paper investigates various power converters and an electronic controller
for DFIG. At the end, different power quality indices and problems are discussed for
faulty operating conditions.
Concepts, Configurations, and Challenges of Solid-State Transformer:
A Review
Authors: Solanki Jayrajsinh B. , Chudasama Kalpeshkumar J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Rapid and suddenly increasing use of small distributed renewable energy resources (DRER) and distributed energy storage (DES), reduced compact dynamic electrical power consumer-like electrical vehicle loads, the requirement of bidirectional power flow communication network to exchange critical information, other ancillary services, etc. has to be envisaged and fulfilled by a future smart distribution grid system. A solid-state transformer (SST) has more potential solutions to provide stable and efficient distribution system operation to overcome the above problem.From various designs of converter control schemes, the solid-state transformer concept has been evaluated and summarised. The benefits and downsides of converters in the AC/DC, DC/DC, and DC/AC stages are studied for the best configuration. The High Frequency Transformer(HFT) is a main part of SST.The design and optimization of a HFT is approached on the objective of minimising the weight and size of the SST.Researchers also face several challanges in the prototype design and implementation of SST before operating effectively in the distribution system which is presented . Some of expected solutions and future recommendations for the establishment of the solid state transformer for future smart electrical distribution systems are discussed.
Contextual Conversational Agent to Address Vaccine Hesitancy: Protocol for a Design-Based Research Study
Authors: Zidoun Youness , Kaladhara Sreelekshmi , Powell Leigh , Nour Radwa , Al Suwaidi Hanan , Zary Nabil 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSince the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been exposed to misinformation, leading to many myths about SARS-CoV-2 and the vaccines against it. As this situation does not seem to end soon, many authorities and health organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), are utilizing conversational agents (CAs) in their fight against it. Although the impact and usage of these novel digital strategies are noticeable, the design of the CAs remains key to their success.ObjectiveThis study describes the use of design-based research (DBR) for contextual CA design to address vaccine hesitancy. In addition, this protocol will examine the impact of DBR on CA design to understand how this iterative process can enhance accuracy and performance.MethodsA DBR methodology will be used for this study. Each phase of analysis, design, and evaluation of each design cycle inform the next one via its outcomes. An anticipated generic strategy will be formed after completing the first iteration. Using multiple research studies, frameworks and theoretical approaches are tested and evaluated through the different design cycles. User perception of the CA will be analyzed or collected by implementing a usability assessment during every evaluation phase using the System Usability Scale. The PARADISE (PARAdigm for Dialogue System Evaluation) method will be adopted to calculate the performance of this text-based CA.ResultsTwo phases of the first design cycle (design and evaluation) were completed at the time of this writing (April 2022). The research team is currently reviewing the natural-language understanding model as part of the conversation-driven development (CDD) process in preparation for the first pilot intervention, which will conclude the CA’s first design cycle. In addition, conversational data will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively as part of the reflection and revision process to inform the subsequent design cycles. This project plans for three rounds of design cycles, resulting in various studies spreading outcomes and conclusions. The results of the first study describing the entire first design cycle are expected to be submitted for publication before the end of 2022.ConclusionsCAs constitute an innovative way of delivering health communication information. However, they are primarily used to contribute to behavioral change or educate people about health issues. Therefore, health chatbots’ impact should be carefully designed to meet outcomes. DBR can help shape a holistic understanding of the process of CA conception. This protocol describes the design of VWise, a contextual CA that aims to address vaccine hesitancy using the DBR methodology. The results of this study will help identify the strengths and flaws of DBR’s application to such innovative projects.
Synthesis of Isoindoline-1,3-Dione Derivatives as Cyclooxygenase (Cox) S Inhibitors
Authors: Jaafar Al-Husseini  , Zuhair Muhi-Eldeen  , Sadeq Al-Tameemi  , Rand Al-Qazweeny  
Published: July 2022

Inflammation is the vital part of the immune system's response to injury and infection. It is the body's way of signaling the immune system to heal and repair damaged tissue. The objective of this paper is to design and synthesize a new isoindoline 1,3-dinoe derivative and investigate their selective anti inflammatory activity to COXs. As a potential anti-inflammatory compound, Isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives were synthesized from the addition reaction of phthalimide, formaldehyde, catalytic amount of potassium hydroxide and cyclic amine in ethanol yielded the desired Isoindoline-1,3-dione compounds (ZJ1-ZJ6. 1H- NMR, ¹³C-NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis were consistent with the assigned structures. Isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives exhibited good inhibitory activity against the COX enzymes. To explain the result of our investigation to COX-1 and COX-2 and the selectivity of our compounds to either COX-1 or COX-2, the rationalization in COX-1, the amino group participate more effectively in binding with the ligand while in COX-2, the aryl group is more effective in binding to the ligand. The amino acetylenic compounds behave differently toward COXs from our compound. ZJ4 have shown some selective COX-1 ligand efficiency while ZJ1 promised a potent blockage and ligand efficiency toward the COX-2 enzyme which was found to be higher than the marketed drug Indomethacin and near potency score of Celecoxib. For the first time, this indicates the requirement of investigating the removal of acetylenic group in this study showed that it might be a different binding site in COXs which may result in effective compounds.
The Eurasian Economic Union: Rethinking the Sovereign Path of Development
Authors: Myasnikovich M. V. , Kovalev V. S. 
Published: July 2022

Aim. To reveal the main areas of work of the Eurasian Economic Commission and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in the near future.Tasks. Assess the processes of Eurasian integration both in a retrospective context and in terms of current geopolitical and geo-economic events.Methods. Statistical, comparative analysis, qualitative assessment, system approach, project approach.Results. The contours of the further development of the EAEU are outlined with an emphasis on the creation of a sovereign economic model, the improvement of the institutional and legal systems of the Union, and mutually beneficial cooperation with stable international partners.Conclusions. The history of the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union is connected with the successful overcoming of external and internal challenges, which clearly indicates its viability. In the current conditions, the EAEU needs to rethink the sovereign path of development, make adjustments to the logic and mechanisms for improving integration work, use the basic conditions to strengthen its own self-sufficiency.
China’s AI Strategy
Authors: Vykhodets R. S. 
Published: July 2022

The present study is devoted to the consideration of the peculiarities of Chinese policy in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of global technological confrontation.Aim. To identify the key areas of China’s AI strategy, as well as to identify priority areas of state policy in this area.Tasks. To analyze the results of the development of the AI industry in China, to consider the main economic indicators, achievements in the creation of computing infrastructure, the development of its own research and development in the field of AI, to identify the main provisions of the key official documents of the Chinese strategy in the field of AI. To summarize the main directions of China’s policy in the field and in the broader context of global geopolitical and technological confrontation.Methods. Research of official documents and on the basis of information and analytical technologies, comparative analysis, content analysis, inductive method using approaches of critical geopolitics.Results. The study showed that China is one of the world leaders in the field of AI technologies. Its leading positions are supported by substantial investments comparable to the USA and the EU, significant achievements in the creation of computing infrastructure, high patent and publication activity of Chinese researchers, developers and organizations, existing scientific and technological groundwork in the field of quantum computing and neuroscience. China has formed a holistic AI strategy aimed at technological leadership, strengthening sovereignty in the field of high technologies, developing human resources, improving economic efficiency, gaining competitive advantages at the international level, as well as projecting its own geopolitical interests on this basis. A systematic approach to the adoption of the main strategic documents aimed at supporting the development of AI, the balance of roadmaps for achieving the main goals, contributes to the formation of a balanced and effective public policy in this area.Conclusions. The analysis of China’s AI policy allows us to state the formation of a large space for the development of AI technologies, which acts as an alternative to the Western space, the leaders of which are the United States and the EU. At the international level, in the context of the tightening of the sanctions policy, China is able to provide countries for which the range of opportunities for cooperation with the West has seriously narrowed recently, with access to modern high technologies and substantial investment resources, thereby strengthening its own integration potential and influence in the world.
Arctic Strategy of Japan and Russian National Interests
Authors: Gribanova G. I. , Magdalyuk A. V. 
Published: July 2022

This work examines the main directions of the Japanese Arctic policy, its impact on the development of Russian-Japanese cooperation in the region.Aim. The study aims to analyze the formation of the Japanese Arctic strategy, to define promising areas and problems of Russian-Japanese relations.Tasks. The authors identify the main stages of the Japanese Arctic policy, determine the significance of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) for Tokyo, study the areas of Russian-Japanese cooperation, assess the problems and prospects of bilateral cooperation in the Arctic.Methods. Using the method of comparative analysis, content analysis, event analysis, we have identified areas that contribute to the strengthening of Russian-Japanese relations in the Arctic and factors that can weaken this cooperation.Results. The study shows that Japan seeks to be an active actor in the Arctic processes, since this region will play a significant role in the development of the Japanese economy through the energy supplies diversification. Japan’s key partner here is Russia, and they are implementing a major energy project — Arctic LNG-2. The modernization of the NSR’s infrastructure is another promising area for the development of Russian-Japanese relations. However, there are contradictions that may affect their cooperation — this is the differences in definition the NSR status and the international legal status of the Arctic.Conclusion. Despite Japan’s interest in using the NSR and participation in energy projects in the Russian Arctic, there are some issues that make it difficult to strengthen their Arctic cooperation. There are the problem of the Kuril Islands and the difference in determining the status of the Arctic region.
Resolving the Contradiction between National and Supranational Interests as an Instrument of Realizing Regional Integration Potential
Authors: Khramova A. V. 
Published: July 2022

This study is aimed to investigate the key problem of any integration association — the contradiction between national and supranational interests — and the practice of overcoming it in the European Union (EU), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).Aim. Offer recommendations for realizing the potential of the EAEU by resolving the contradiction between national and supranational interests.Tasks. Consider models for overcoming the contradiction between national and supranational interests in the integration associations of the EU and ASEAN, characterize the situation in the EAEU and propose successful practices of the EU and ASEAN to try to solve this problem.Methods. To compare the integration practices of the EU and ASEAN, the method of comparative analysis is used. As for the EAEU, it is proposed to use the best practices of both associations, which make it possible to make methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, as well as the SMART goalsetting method.Results. On the basis of specific examples, recommendations are given for combining soft and hard approaches for the development of the EAEU with the prospect of building a Greater Eurasian partnership in the future. Thus, the EAEU should pay attention to the experience of the EU in terms of strengthening the supranational structure of the association, as well as to the practice of ASEAN dialogue mechanisms. At the same time, following the example of the EU, one should not create an excessive bureaucracy and exert excessive pressure on countries by interfering in their internal affairs. In order to effectively set goals, the EAEU should apply the technologies of the SMART method, which provides for the setting of specific, measurable, achievable, meaningful and timelimited goals.Conclusion. The contradiction between national and supranational interests is the most profound problem in any integration association, including the EAEU. However, there is no universal method for resolving this problem. The EAEU should combine in its practice the experience of the EU and ASEAN as hard and soft approaches to balancing national and supranational interests.
Dual Master’s Programs as a Tool for the Formation of a Single Educational Space of the EAEU
Authors: Kuklina E. A. , Naumov V. N. 
Published: July 2022

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the key role of higher education in the formation of the necessary compe tencies for the scientific, technological and industrial sphere of the economy of a modern state.Aim. The purpose of the article is to consider the methodological and practical issues of designing double degree master’s programs in the field of business education as one of the effective tools for the formation of a single educational space of the Eurasian Economic Union. The issues of development and implementation of joint educational programs are considered on the example of an international educational project developed at the Department of Business Informatics of the North-Western Institute of Management of the RANEPA. A substantive description of the project is given, the choice of a partner organization is substantiated, criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the project implementation are formulated.Tasks. Give a meaningful description of the international educational project (relevance, relevance, structure, methodology and methodological novelty, competencies being formed, etc.), justify the choice of a partner organization and formulate criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of an educational project.Methods. System approach and expert-analytical methods of research (flow methods of expertise, expert assessments).Results. The proposed methodological approach to the implementation of educational projects in the format of double diplomas allows solving the problems of internationalization of higher education, forming systems thinking, skills in working with large amounts of data and modern application packages, making non-standard decisions in the economy among students of master’s programs based on modern learning technologies. The conceptual level of the proposed approach is formed by the concepts of student-centered learning, building an individual learning trajectory for undergraduate students. The process-methodological level of the proposed approach allows the introduction of modern innovative network technologies for the implementation of the content of the disciplines of the economic mathematical cycle and the cycle of information technology, the adaptation of national educational systems to international standards and the formation of a competitive educational environment.Conclusions. The priority areas for the implementation of international educational projects are: transferring international programs to the status of network programs implemented with leading universities (including the development of double diploma programs); bringing international programs to European quality standards and requirements of international accreditation agencies; passing the international joint professional and public accreditation of international educational programs.