bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of the telomerase RNA component induces autophagy and ferroptosis in lung cancer via regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase
Authors: Zhou NAME：Honglian , Liu Zijian , Huang Xiaobi , Yu Hui , Huang Zhong , Chen Yongyang , Liu Hongyi , Xu Xiaohong , Yang Zhixiong , Su Wenmei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis. The telomerase RNA component (TERC) is an lncRNA that functions as an essential template for the addition of the telomere repeat.The aims of our study were to determine the biological function and mechanism of TERC in lung adenocarcinoma.
Methods
RNA-seq analyses were used to compare the expression levels of TERC in cancerous and adjacent normal lung tissues. Functional assays of TERC in LUAD cell lines were performed by siRNA-mediated knockdown. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated by WST-1 and transwell assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by flow cytometry and examined by fluorescence microscopy, and the morphology of mitochondria was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Protein expression was analyzed by western blot. The formation of autophagosomes was monitored by fluorescence microscopy following expression of fluorescent-tagged LC3.
Results
RNA-seq analyses show that the expression of TERC is upregulated in lung cancer tissues. Knockdown of TERC inhibits migration and invasion of LUAD cells. Mechanistic analyses indicate that silencing of TERC increases the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3B, Beclin-1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) meanwhile the expression of p62 protein, as well as ferroptosis-regulated proteins GPX4 and SLC7A11 were diminished. Importantly, inhibition of AMPK function counterbalances the effects of TERC knockdown on autophagy and ferroptosis in LUAD cells.
Conclusions
These findings reveal that suppression of TERC in lung cancer promotes autophagy and ferroptosis via regulation of AMPK. They help to understand the mechanism underlying TERC activity in tumorigenesis.
Validation of the vault prediction model based on the sulcus-to-sulcus diameter and lens thickness: A 925-eye prospective study
Authors: Zhu Qiu-Jian , Xing Xiao-Ying , Zhu Man-Hui , Ma Lie , Yuan You , Song E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: To verify the accuracy and stability of the prediction formula based on the ciliary sulcus diameter and lens thickness and to analyse factors influencing the prediction results.Methods: In total, 925 eyes from 506 subjects were enrolled in this prospective study between July 1, 2020, and June 30, 2021. Subjects were divided into four seasons, each spanning three months. The target vault was set to be between 300 μm and 700 μm according the prediction formula. The actual vault was measured one month postoperatively. The Bland–Altman test, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) were used to evaluate the agreement between the predicted vault and the actual vault. Eyes with absolute prediction errors greater than 300 μm were further analysed.Results: The mean predicted vaults for the four seasons were 503 ± 99, 494 ± 96, 481 ± 92 and 502 ± 93 μm, while the mean actual vaults were 531 ± 189, 491 ± 179, 464 ± 179 and 529 ± 162 μm, respectively. The predicted and actual vaults of the overall subjects were 493 ± 95 and 500 ± 180 μm, respectively. Of the 925 eyes, 861 eyes (93.08%), 42 eyes (4.54%), and 22 eyes (2.38%) showed a normal vault, high vault, and low vault, respectively. Bland–Altman plots showed that the mean difference between the actual vault and predicted vault overall (± 95% LoA) was 6.43 ± 176.2 μm (-339 to 352 μm). Three UBM features may lead to large prediction errors (more than 300 μm): wide iris-ciliary angle (ICA), iris concavity and anteriorly positioned ciliary body.Conclusions: This study demonstrated the accuracy and stability of the prediction formula through the validation of a large sample size and a long time span. Wide ICA, iris concavity and anteriorly positioned ciliary body may have an effect on vault.
Use of mathematical modeling in enzymatic hydrolysis in elephant grass pretreatment
Authors: Godinho Emmanuel , Hasan Salah Din Mahmud , Baumgartner Tatiana Rodrigues da Silva , Kaminski Thiago Spinardi , Candelaria Murilo Henrique Hernandez , Silveira Flávia Taguti , Reginato Marco Antonio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective of this work was to test the Fenton reaction on pretreatment of elephant grass aiming the final results of cellulose increase and the delignification process. A subsequent study of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated elephant grass and the mathematical modeling of hydrolysis was performed. A Doehlert-type experimental design was used into the pretreatment stage, and the best result were obtained at the central point with an average of 53.80% of cellulose and 10.00% of lignin. The enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated grass with Fenton reaction was performed, with a commercial enzyme (Celluclast® 1.5L), where the best yield (17.39%) of reducing sugars was obtained with 20 g L-1 of enzyme in 72 h and higher productivity (2.51 g L-1 h-1) observed in 2 h. It was possible to adjust the proposed mathematical model to the hydrolysis process. It was observed that, for higher concentrations of enzyme, the proposed mathematical model adjusts better the experimental results (R2 = 0.974). It can be observed with these results, that there was an increment in the economic profitability of the enzymatic hydrolysis process due to the relation of the operational parameters, so that it can be used in new projects and industrial applications.
Current situation and influencing factors of disease uncertainty in parents of children with Sturge-Weber syndrome
Authors: Du Na , Wu Yue , Xiong Shan-Shan , Ji Hong , Huang Lu-Lu , Guo Wen-Yi , Zeng Chang-Juan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of disease uncertainty in parents of children with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS).
Methods
A total of 105 parents of children with SWS completed a self-designed general information questionnaire, generalized anxiety questionnaire (GAD−7), patient health questionnaire (PHQ−2), stress perception scale (PSS−4), simple coping scale (SCSQ) and disease uncertainty scale (PPUS).
Results
The total uncertainty score of parents of children with SWS was 79.07 ± 13.24, and the average item score was 2.82 ± 0.47. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that anxiety and simple coping were the main influencing factors of parents' disease uncertainty in children with SWS (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The parents of children with SWS have a high level of disease uncertainty. Medical staff should pay attention to the source of parents' disease uncertainty and carry out targeted interventions, which are of great importance in reducing parents' disease uncertainty.
Prioritization of Roads based on their safety levels by multi-Criteria approach techniques
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh , Mishra A K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Road safety is a critical issue that affects not just road authorities but the whole country. Road accidents are on the rise in developing countries such as India. It is mostly owing to a larger number of car accidents on Indian roadways. As a result, roadways must be prioritized according on their severity levels. A study was conducted in the current research work to prioritize the safety requirements of specific selected highways in the Gorakhpur area of Uttar Pradesh, India. The safety standards of chosen roadways were ranked using a multi-criteria methodology. In addition, an extensive investigation was undertaken on the road with the poorest safety conditions in order to rank various stretches. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Simple Additive Weightage (SAW), and Fuzzy AHP were employed as multi-criteria decision-making techniques. The outcomes of the aforementioned instruments are compared. The technique given here is meant to assist decision-makers in prioritizing roads based on their safety ratings in order to reduce road traffic accidents.
Optimization of End-to-end Supply Chain Costs to Maximize Revenue and Profits From Supply Chain Operations
Authors: Damodaram A.K. , Reddy. L. Venkateswara , Davanam Ganesh , Thejasree P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Being aware that the supply chain costs claim a substantial share in the final product cost, organizations, in an effort to improve revenue and increase profitability, should minimize supply chain costs invariably. Besides other costs, supply chain costs vary from time to time depending on the sourcing, transportation, and inventory-related costs. Improving the operational efficiency of the supply chain has become the primary objective for increasing profitability from supply chain operations in present-day context. In reality, supply chain operations are complex with uncertainty predominantly influencing various costs associated with supply chains affecting return on investments and profitability. Supply chain cost optimization should enable the supply chain managers to ensure that the supply chain is ‘responsive’, ‘agile’, and ‘reinvented’ for present and future operations. Optimization of supply chain costs bestows improving operating efficiency that promotes improvements in revenue and increment in profits. The present article aims at considering various supply chains cost parameters such as total operating costs, profit, revenue, logistics costs, and information sharing costs for optimization of supply chain costs using multi-objective optimization. A generic three-stage supply chain model with usual entities like suppliers, manufacturers, and customer zones is assumed in the present article. A trade-off curve among the selected objective function sets and relevant constraints was developed and presented in the article. The trade-off curve provides the basis for decision-makers to better understand the supply chain optimization effect on the selected objective function set elements to make the present and future supply chains promote startling ‘profitability’ and increase revenue generation in operations.
Developing TB Vaccines for People with HIV: A Roadmap: Meeting Consensus Report
Authors: Miner Maurine D. , Hatherill Mark , Mave Vidya , Currier Judith , Eron Joseph , Gray Glenda E. , Nachman Sharon , Kim Peter , Read Sarah , White Richard , Hessling Anneke , Cobelens Frank , Patel Sheral , Frick Mike , Bailey Theodore , Seder Robert , Flynn Joanne , Rengarajan Jyothi , Kaushal Deepak , Hanekom Willem , Schmidt Alexander , Scriba Thomas , Nemes Elisa , Andersen-Nissen Erica , Landay Alan , Dorman Susan , Aldrovandi Grace , Cranmer Lisa M. , Day Cheryl , Rangaka Lele , Garcia-Basteiro Alberto , Fiore-Gartland Andrew , Mogg Robin , Kublin James G. , Gupta Amita , Churchyard Gavin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Many new TB vaccine candidates in the development pipeline need to be studied in people with HIV. People with HIV are at high risk of developing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and TB disease and tend to develop less robust vaccine induced immune responses. Many questions remain unanswered regarding priority vaccine indications, clinical trial design, measures of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy considerations for people with HIV. To address these gaps, a roadmap for developing TB vaccines for people with HIV was developed through a series of symposia that posed framing questions to a panel of international experts for discussion. Framing questions specific to people with HIV included: 1) What is the use case or rationale for developing TB vaccines?; 2) What is the landscape of TB vaccines?; 3) Which vaccine candidates should be prioritized ?; 4) What are the TB vaccine trial design considerations?; 5) What is the role of immunological correlates of protection?; and 6) What are the gaps in preclinical models for studying TB vaccines? We provide a summary of our roadmap with the intention of informing TB vaccine development and the prioritization of clinical trials for inclusion of people with HIV.
Diverticular disease of the colon: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of complications
Authors: Minushkin O. N. , Kruchinina M. A. , Altukhova E. I. , Tugova Yu. E. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Diverticular disease of the colon is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. During the last 30–40 years, there has been a “rejuvenation” of the disease. Today, the prevalence of the disease in people under 40 years of age is 5–10%, and therefore the costs of diagnostic testing and treatment are gradually increasing, which makes the disease socially significant.Aim. To study the clinical features of diverticular disease, the features of diagnosis and treatment, and prophylactic approaches. The specific objectives of the analysis were to study epidemiology; study the role and a necessary minimum set of laboratory diagnostic test methods for the diagnosis of diverticular disease; study the incidence rate of SIBO and its impact on the clinic presentation and treatment; develop an algorithm for the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and management of patients with diverticular disease.Materials and methods. A total of 195 patients with different forms of diverticular disease were examined. As diagnostic tests, we used blood tests, stool tests, biochemical tests; inflammatory tests: calprotectin, CRP, fibrinogen, ferritin; ultrasound imaging, irrigoscopy, CT, NMR, colonoscopy (if medically required); clinical manifestations at different stages of the course of diverticular disease. 5-aminosalicylates were used to treat exacerbation with inflammation; alpha-normix and motility regulators were used to treat exacerbation without signs of inflammation.Results. On the basis of the study results, we suggested an algorithm for the diagnosis, management and treatment of patients with diverticular disease. According to the particulars of the management, it is reasonable to divide all patients with diverticular disease into three groups: 1) patients who underwent acute diverticulitis; 2) patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease; 3) patients with complicated diverticular disease.Conclusions. The first two groups should be followed up by a gastroenterologist/general practitioner, the third group should be followed up by a surgeon. The patient tested positive for SIBO should receive drugs to eradicate SIBO. The treatment regimens for exacerbation of diverticular disease are proposed.
Immune reactions as induction factors and correction of the pathology
Authors: Zemskov V. M. , Zemskov A. M. , Neymann V. , Barsukov A. A. , Kozlova M. N. , Zemskova V. A. , Shishkina N. S. , Demidova V. S. , Alekseev A. A. 
Published: April 2022

On clinical models of infectious, somatic, malignant, and other diseases, the ability of immune responses to induce pathological processes due to competition, “pathogenicity”, hypersensitivity, and insufficiency has been shown. We are talking about the competitiveness of antibacterial and antiviral immunity, when the deployment of cellular and humoral immune responses weaken both defense mechanisms, competition of allergy and immune deficiency, which aggravates and modifies it, and antiviral immunity often induces a number of pathological conditions of the body. This is due to the inability of antiviral antibodies to completely inactivate the antireceptor structures of virions, interact with them without changing their function, and even stimulate a viral infection, induce autoimmune reactions. The protective system of interferons, which often cause side reactions, is also faulty. In the body, immunopathological reactions develop, manifested by immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, which have alternative properties – protective and damaging and autoimmune reactions, mainly with a negative effect. The mechanisms of the processes are discussed in detail in the review. The “inferiority” of immune reactions, respectively, cellular, humoral, phagocytic links, incomplete consistency of anticancer immunity, virus-induced immunodeficiencies are comprehensively covered. Such “alternativeness” of the considered immune reactions, at the same time, turns out to be a necessary condition for eliminating the emerging disorders of the organism’s reactivity. These include specificity and non-specificity, stimulation and suppression, variability and integration of immune responses. At the same time, immunoregulatory reactions are individual and interrelated, develop regionally and systemically and provide degradation of exogenous and endogenous objects and immune activation. All these aspects are discussed in detail in the review.
Experience of long-term use of anti-IgE therapy in a patient with chronic spontaneous urticarial
Authors: Sobko E. A. , Demko I. V. , Shestakova N. A. , Kraposhina A. Yu. , Gordeeva N. V. 
Published: April 2022

Chronic spontaneous urticaria is an urgent health problem. Recurrent urticarial rashes, angioedema and severe itching reduce the quality of life of patients. The ineffectiveness of standard therapy requires the search for new modern methods of treating this disease. Taking into account the current data on the pathogenesis, the third line of therapy for chronic spontaneous urticaria is the addition of anti-IgE therapy (omalizumab) to antihistamines of the 2nd generation. The presented clinical case is devoted to the experience of long-term use of omalizumab in a patient with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Having a disease duration of about a year, the patient was thoroughly examined, all concomitant diseases were identified and compensated, parasitic invasion was treated, but this did not lead to a regression of symptoms. Antihistamines of the 2nd generation in standard and increased doses (up to 4 times) did not control the disease, systemic glucocorticosteroids stopped the symptoms for a short time, and therefore, in the future, the patient began to use them independently and uncontrollably. Almost daily use of corticosteroids for 6 months caused the development of complications in the form of weight gain and Cushing’s syndrome. Omalizumab completely stopped all the symptoms during the first day, no side effects were detected. The clinical effect lasted from 3 to 4 weeks. Thus, omalizumab therapy allowed the patient to almost completely get rid of the symptoms of CSC, which significantly improved the quality of life and made it possible to cancel systemic glucocorticosteroids. The peculiarity of the presented case is the duration of the use of omalizumab (more than 2 years) with the inability to cancel due to the return of urticarial rashes and itching.
Vitamin D – an alimentary factor in the prevention of diseases caused by its deficiency
Authors: Kodentsova V. M. , Risnik D. V. 
Published: April 2022

Vitamin D, including all its vitamers, being a food substance, does not belong to drugs, it can specifically cure those diseases that were caused by its deficiency in the diet. Vitamin D may be officially registered as a dietary supplement or medicine. In both cases, it is intended for the prevention of vitamin D deficiency as well as for the treatment of profound deficiency and its consequences. Doses of vitamin D in them are strictly regulated; they are strictly controlled before being imported and placed on the market. In relation to monovitamins and vitamin complexes registered as dietary supplements, especially for children, increased requirements are imposed on the doses of micronutrients, their forms, auxiliary components Due to the high doses of micronutrients they contain, the presence of auxiliary components that are not permitted for use in baby food, many monovitamins and vitamin complexes simply cannot be registered as dietary supplements and, as a result, are registered as medicines. However, this does not mean that they are more effective. Food supplements in their composition are closer to food products, which confirms the validity of their assignment to the category of specialized products. The effectiveness of vitamin D depends not on the form of state registration, but on the dose, its form and the initial supply of the organism. In order to prevent alimentary deficiency of vitamin D, it is advisable to use dietary supplements, the doses in which are close to the physiological need.
Parallels of diabetic foot infections antibiotic resistance at inpatient and outpatient stages of treatment
Authors: Zemlianoi A. B. , Zelenina T. A. , Salukhov V. V. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The risk of infectious complications in patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is 25.2 to 58%, the risk of hospitalization among the patients with complications of DFI is 56 times, and the risk of amputation is 155 times higher than non-diabetics. Detection of the etiologic agent has a crucial role in effective treatment, prevention of dissemination of the infection, and avoiding amputation.Aim of the study: to analyze the specific characteristics of the severe diabetic foot infection and antibiotic resistance of the pathogens during the inpatient and outpatient stages of treatment.Materials and methods. We included 62 type 2 diabetic inpatients (38 male and 24 female, group 1) with severe foot infection in to the study. 102 diabetic foot outpatients (56 male and 46 female, group 2) with postoperative wounds were included after discharged from the hospital. Cultures were obtained after surgery interventions immediately and on 14 days of hospitalization in group 1 of patients and in group 2 of patients with clinical signs of infection. Microbe species and resistant of pathogens to antibiotic were assessed.Results. There were prevalence of multidrug resistant Staphilococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterobacterales and Acinetobacter baumannii both outpatient and inpatient stages of diabetic foot infections treatment. The multidrug resistant pathogens were associated with ineffective empiric antibiotic therapy, delay of wound healing and amputations. The presence of multidrug resistant pathogens should be expected in cases of wound size more than 18 sm2, history of diabetic foot amputations, chronic osteomyelitis and time before wound professional care more than 14 weeks.Conclusion. The multidrug resistant pathogens were the main risk factor of amputations in diabetic foot inpatients with severe infections. At the outpatient stage of treatment multidrug resistant pathogens along with chronic osteomyelitis lead to delay of wound healing and new cases of foot amputations in diabetic patients.