bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive ecotoxicological modeling of ionic liquids using QSAR techniques: A mini review
Authors: Rehman Adeel ur , Zaini Dzulkarnain B. , Lal Bhajan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAll living beings must be protected from the incessantly increasing environmental pollution caused by hazardous chemicals. This imposes a serious obligation on the biological, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries to develop less harmful chemicals. Regarding the hazardous and harmful prospects of such chemicals, various initiatives have been taken globally. The concept of “green chemistry” is the most remarkable, which concentrates on the application of eco‐friendly chemicals. Although ionic liquids (ILs) are new chemicals, thay have recently gained much prominence because of their great importance. Recent research shows that they have many different applications, ranging from the specific performance tasks to chemistry with minimal environmental impact, and have earned the designation of “green chemicals.” However, studies have shown that ILs are toxic chemicals and can display extreme levels of toxicity. Likewise, they pose a high danger of bioaccumulation because of their structural components. Also, ILs present waste generation and separation issues during their synthesis. Toxicity testing of ILs is a tedious and resource‐intensive process. Improvements in and the use of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) for an imaginative plan of safe‐by‐design ILs have, of late, turned into an exploration need. QSAR is a predictive model that establishes a noetic chance to discover the structural properties of ILs to different toxicological and physicochemical endpoints. The process selectivity of the new analogs leads to their environmental friendliness. A comprehensive review has been carried out to provide a concise account of different QSAR works carried out on these chemicals, as well as their related health, safety, and environmental issues, while also discussing the applicability of the philosophy of “green chemistry.”
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Authors: Alizadeh Seyedeh Roya , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali 
Published: February 2022

The cover image is based on the Review O‐Glycoside quercetin derivatives: Biological activities, mechanisms of action, and structure–activity relationship for drug design, a review by Seyedeh Roya Alizadeh and Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7352.
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Sustainable development and firm performance: Evidence from Thailand's sufficiency economy philosophy
Authors: Papangkorn Suwongrat , Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Treepongkaruna Sirimon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aims to examine the relationship between sufficiency economy philosophy (SEP) performance and the firm performance of Thai listed companies from 2013 to 2018 by using a novel measurement of SEP performance based on global reporting initiative guidelines. The higher SEP scores imply the firm is engaging more in SEP activities. Our empirical evidence shows support of our hypothesis, suggesting that SEP practice enhances firm accounting performance. Furthermore, several robustness checks confirm the results, including an instrumental variable analysis and propensity score matching technique.
Die operative Therapie des benignen Prostatasyndroms in Deutschland
Authors: Uhlig Annemarie , Baunacke Martin , Groeben Christer , Borkowetz Angelika , Volkmer Björn , Ahyai Sascha A. , Trojan Lutz , Eisenmenger Nicole , Schneider Andreas , Thomas Christian , Huber Johannes , Leitsmann Marianne 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die operative Therapie des benignen Prostatatsyndroms (BPS) hat in den letzten Jahren an Diversität gewonnen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Studie ist die Darstellung aktueller Therapietrends sowie der Versorgungssituation in Deutschland.

Material und Methoden
Auf Basis der Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser wurden mithilfe der Onlineplattform reimbursement.INFO Diagnose- wie Eingriffszahlen erhoben. Für die benigne Prostatahyperplasie (BPH) wurden die ICD-Codes N40 und D29.1 ausgewertet. Die Prozeduren wurden mittels der OPS-Codes 5‑600.0, 5‑601, 5‑603, 5‑609.4 und 5‑609.8 inklusive Subcodierungen extrahiert. Es erfolgten eine deskriptive Darstellung, Trend- und Korrelationsanalysen.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 2019 83.687 BPS-Operationen in 473 urologischen Fachabteilungen durchgeführt. Am häufigsten wurde die transurethrale Prostataresektion (TURP; 71,7 %) angewendet. Die Holmiumlaserenukleation (HoLEP; 9,5 %) bzw. die chirurgische Adenomektomie (5,6 %) waren das zweit- bzw. dritthäufigste Verfahren. Seltener wurden Thuliumlaserenukleation (ThuLEP; 3,1 %), Laservaporisation (2,9 %) und elektrische Vaporisation (2,8 %) durchgeführt. Alle weiteren Verfahren machten jeweils < 1 % aus. HoLEP, ThuLEP und elektrische Vaporisation erlebten seit 2006 eine stetige Zunahme der Eingriffszahlen (HoLEP: +42,42 %/Jahr; p < 0,001, ThuLEP: +20,6 %/Jahr, p = 0,99; elektrische Vaporisation: +43,42 %/Jahr, p < 0,001), während die chirurgische Adenomektomie abnahm (−1,66 %/Jahr, p < 0,001). Die Krankenhausverweildauer lag 2019 bei mittleren 5,1 ± 0,1 Tagen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die TURP bleibt das am häufigsten durchgeführte Operationsverfahren. Während, insbesondere in Zentren, die Lasertherapien zunehmen, geht die chirurgische Adenomektomie zurück.
Spring barley performance benefits from simultaneous shallow straw incorporation and top dressing as revealed by rhizotrons with resealable sampling ports
Authors: Reichel Rüdiger , Kamau Catherine Wambui , Kumar Amit , Li Zhijie , Radl Viviane , Temperton Vicky M , Schloter Michael , Brüggemann Nicolas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Plant residues with larger carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratios can stimulate microbial growth and thereby protect soil nutrients from leaching. In poorly fertilized soil, excessive immobilization may limit nutrient availability and thus plant growth. Little is known about the impact of a shallow straw incorporation on soil microbial regulation of top-dressing fertilizer nutrients and spring crop establishment. We aimed to evaluate if wheat straw in combination with mineral fertilizer has more positive effects on plant performance than mineral fertilization alone and if this relates to changes of the extractable C:N:P ratio and microbial activity close to the roots. In order to conduct small-scale sampling with minimal disturbance during growth of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), we developed rhizotrons with resealable ports. Rhizotrons were filled with loamy-sandy soil and fertilized with an equivalent of 150 kg N and 80 kg P ha−1. Half of the rhizotrons received the top dressing together with 4500 kg wheat straw-C ha−1. Throughout a 90-day greenhouse experiment, we analyzed soil C:N:P dynamics, and carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, together with microbial biomass, selected bacterial genes (abundance), and transcripts (activity) in bulk and root-affected soil at multiple times. We focused on nitrifiers and denitrifiers and linked our data to barley growth. Interactions between straw and roots caused shifts towards larger C:P and C:N ratios in root-affected soil. These shifts were associated with increased 16S rRNA transcripts and denitrifier activities. Straw increased microbial biomass by 124% in the topsoil and at the same time increased root biomass by 125% and number of tillers by 80%. We concluded that microbial activation at the root-straw interface may positively feed back on soil nutrient regulation and plant performance. Further research has to evaluate if plant roots actively prime mining of previously immobilized nutrients in the straw detritusphere or if effects of pathogen suppression and growth promotion are dominating.
MicroRNA-profiling of miR-371~373- and miR-302/367-clusters in serum and cerebrospinal fluid identify patients with intracranial germ cell tumors
Authors: Schönberger Stefan , Mohseni Mahsa Mir , Ellinger Jörg , Tran Giao Vu Quynh , Becker Martina , Claviez Alexander , Classen Carl-Friedrich , Hermes Barbara , Driever Pablo Hernáiz , Jorch Norbert , Lauten Melchior , Mehlitz Marcus , Schäfer Niklas , Scheer-Preiss Johanna , Schneider Dominik T. , Troeger Anja , Calaminus Gabriele , Dilloo Dagmar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCT) comprise germinoma and non-germinoma. Their diagnosis predominantly relies on biopsy as only one-fifth of patients present with elevated biomarkers (AFP/ß-HCG) in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). MicroRNAs (miR/miRNA) have emerged as non-invasive biomarkers in extracranial GCT and may potentially facilitate non-invasive diagnosis in iGCT.

Methods
We analyzed eight miRNAs in serum and CSF from the miR-371~373- and miR-302/367-clusters and four miRNAs differentially expressed in iGCT tissue (miR-142-5p/miR-146a-5p/miR-335-5p/miR-654-3p) from eight iGCT patients (age 10–33 years) and 12 control subjects by pre-amplified RT-qPCR. MiR-30b-5p (serum) and miR-204-5p (CSF) acted as reference genes. ΔCt-values were expressed as $$2^{{ - \Delta \Delta C_{{\text{t}}} }}$$

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after standardization against controls.

Results
Between iGCT and control patients’ serum ΔCt-values of miR-371a-3p (p = 0.0159), miR-372-3p (p= 0.0095, miR-367 (p = 0.0190), miR-302a (p = 0.0381) and miR-302d-3p (p = 0.0159) differed significantly. Discriminatory pattern in CSF was similar to serum as miR-371a (p = 0.0286), miR-372-3p (p = 0.0028), miR-367-3p (p = 0.0167) and miR-302d-3p (p = 0.0061) distinguished between patients and controls. Abundant $$2^{{ - \Delta \Delta C_{{\text{t}}} }}$$

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levels of each of these miRNAs were found across all serum and CSF samples including biomarker-negative patients.

Conclusion
With the largest data set so far, we underline the suitability of miR-371a, miR-372, miR-367 and miR-302d in serum and CSF for diagnosis of iGCT, particularly in biomarker-negative germinoma. Diagnosis of iGCT by miRNA analysis is a feasible and valid approach, particularly as serum can be readily obtained by a less invasive procedure. MiRNA analysis may discriminate iGCT from other tumors with similar radiological findings and may allow to monitor response to therapy as well as early relapse during follow-up.
New spatio-temporal complex covariance functions for vectorial data through positive mixtures
Authors: De Iaco S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the literature, the theory of complex-valued random fields is usually recalled to describe the evolution of vector data in space, without including the temporal dimension. However, as in the real case, the development of the complex formalism in a spatio-temporal context and the construction of some new classes of spatio-temporal complex covariance models are of sure interest for the scientific community partly due to the ongoing explosion in the availability of vector observations in space–time. In this paper, after presenting the fundamental aspects of the complex formalism of a spatio-temporal random field in a complex domain and the extension of some classes of complex-valued covariance models from a spatial domain to a spatio-temporal one, a new family of spatio-temporal complex-valued models obtained through a positive mixture of an infinite number of terms is proposed and various examples are discussed. A case study on modeling the spatio-temporal complex correlation structure of vectorial data is also provided.
A rapid and precise method for determining water content in nuts as a tool for determining their quality during storage
Authors: Kowalska Małgorzata , Janas Sławomir , Mitrosz Paulina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study was designed to examine impact of storage conditions on hazelnut quality and to develop a quick method for testing hazelnut moisture. The change of sample mass and water content were assessed by convection drying method and by means of a moisture analyzer—IR radiation. The samples were tested as: nuts, nut kernels, crumbled nut kernels, husk of nuts. They were stored in closed and open packages at 45% and 80% humidity and at constant temperature (23 °C). It has been observed that at the humidity of 45%, the hermetic packaging reduced hazelnut mass loss by 18%, and the hazelnut husk caused reduction of mass loss of the kernel by 5.5%. It was found that the best storage effects were obtained at a relative air humidity of 80% (i.e. change in hazelnut weight 2.18%, kernels 0.78%, shell 1.4%). At this moisture content, in comparison with the moisture content equal to 45%, a lower loss of hazelnut weight by 4.65%, kernel weight by 10.79%, shell weight by more than two times was found when the samples were stored without packaging. Water desorption from hazelnut stored under these conditions was reduced to 0.4% for packaged kernels and to 3% for unpackaged product. Determining the water content by the IR radiation method, compared to the standard method, took much less time, it took about 1 h. 5 min (approx. 6 times faster) with a measurement accuracy of 0.26%. Therefore this paper proves that the described method positively influences time restrictions especially when the duration of water content analysis is a key determinant. According to the authors, it can be implemented in both laboratory and industrial tests, saving time and acting immediately when the technological process requires support.
Estimating the required number of Harbour Pilots to support airline operations of a single pilot commercial aircraft at a UK regional airport
Authors: Harris D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSingle pilot passenger aircraft concepts are being developed by several manufacturers. Various technological approaches are being explored: One concept is to use a Harbour Pilot dedicated to providing support for departures and arrivals. The Harbour Pilot has comprehensive knowledge of the terminal area airspace, procedures and operations. If a single pilot aircraft is to be viable, however, the number of supporting personnel needs to be significantly smaller than the number of First Officers normally employed for a two-crew aeroplane, but the number such staff has yet to be determined. This study models operations by a UK low-cost operator at a regional airport to determine the optimum number of Harbour Pilots required to support operations throughout the day. The model uses a simplified timeline analysis with task data incorporated into a dynamic discrete event modelling system allowing for multiple replications using various configurations. Results suggest that for this operation six Harbour Pilots per shift used flexibly to support both departures and arrivals would be required.
Understanding the effects of neighborhood disadvantage on youth psychopathology
Authors: Carroll Sarah L. , Klump Kelly L. , Burt S. Alexandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 1942, Shaw and McKay reported that disadvantaged neighborhoods predict youth psychopathology (Shaw & McKay, 1942). In the decades since, dozens of papers have confirmed and extended these early results, convincingly demonstrating that disadvantaged neighborhood contexts predict elevated rates of both internalizing and externalizing disorders across childhood and adolescence. It is unclear, however, how neighborhood disadvantage increases psychopathology.MethodsOur study sought to fill this gap in the literature by examining the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a composite measure of Census tract disadvantage, as an etiologic moderator of several common forms of psychopathology in two samples of school-aged twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry (N = 4815 and 1030 twin pairs, respectively), the latter of which was enriched for neighborhood disadvantage.ResultsAcross both samples, genetic influences on attention-deficit hyperactivity problems were accentuated in the presence of marked disadvantage, while nonshared environmental contributions to callous-unemotional traits increased with increasing disadvantage. However, neighborhood disadvantage had little moderating effect on the etiology of depression, anxiety, or somatic symptoms.ConclusionsSuch findings suggest that, although neighborhood disadvantage does appear to serve as a general etiologic moderator of many (but not all) forms of psychopathology, this etiologic moderation is phenotype-specific.
Detection and control of an ongoing international outbreak of hepatitis A among the Irish Traveller community beginning September 2020
Authors: Kelly David , O'Hare Colette , McKeown Paul , Cianci Fiona , Doyle Sarah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a notifiable disease in Ireland, with national coverage of clinical and laboratory surveillance. In December 2020, a cluster of 11 HAV cases among the Irish Traveller community was detected. The outbreak investigation identified 61 total HAV cases from September 2020 to November 2021. Sequenced isolates were sub-genotype IA with identical genome sequence. Case-patients were predominantly aged under 18 (77%), hospitalised (46%) and lived on communal residential sites. Mass onsite HAV vaccination was employed following failure of initial ring vaccination to contain the outbreak. This is the largest outbreak of HAV described in Ireland, involving spillover to the UK and Netherlands. We recommend mass HAV vaccination and tailored communication for outbreak control in migratory subpopulations.
Motivations for Vaccine Hesitancy Among EMS Providers in the United States who Declined the COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Shekhar Aditya C. , Hannan Daniel J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground:Hesitancy towards the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine has been a topic of considerable concern in recent months. Studies have reported hesitancy within the general population and specific facets of the health care system. Little evidence has been published about vaccine hesitancy among Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers despite them having played a frontline role throughout the pandemic.Methods:A 27-question survey examining vaccination decisions and potential influencing factors among EMS providers was created and disseminated. Responses from providers who declined a COVID-19 vaccine were compared with responses from providers who did not decline a COVID-19 vaccine.Results:Across 166 respondents, 16% reported declining a COVID-19 vaccine. Providers who self-identified as men, providers who reported conservative or conservative-leaning beliefs, and providers surrounded by environments where the vaccine was discussed negatively or not encouraged are significantly more likely to decline a vaccine (P <.01). Providers who have declined a vaccine reported significantly greater levels of concern about its safety, effectiveness, and development (P <.01).Conclusion:This study answers key questions about why some EMS providers might be declining COVID-19 vaccinations. Initiatives to improve vaccination among EMS providers should focus on the areas highlighted, and further studies should continue to examine vaccine hesitancy among EMS providers as well as in other populations.
Applying and comparing various nutrient profiling models against the packaged food supply in South Africa
Authors: Frank Tamryn , Ng Shu Wen , Miles Donna R , Swart Elizabeth C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to apply the newly developed Chile Adjusted Model (CAM) nutrient profiling model (NPM) to the food supply in South Africa (SA) and compare its performance against existing NPM as an indication of suitability for use to underpin food policies targeted at discouraging consumption of products high in nutrients associated with poor health.Design:Cross-sectional analysis of the SA-packaged food supply comparing the CAM to three other NPM: SA Health and Nutrition Claims (SA HNC), Chilean Warning Octagon (CWO) 2019, and Pan-American Health Organisation (PAHO) NPM.Setting:The SA-packaged food supply based on products stocked by supermarkets in Cape Town, SA.Participants:Packaged foods and beverages (n 6474) available in 2018 were analysed.Results:Forty-nine per cent of products contained excessive amounts of nutrients of concern (considered non-compliant) according to the criteria of all four models. Only 10·9 % of products were not excessive in any nutrients of concern (considered compliant) according to all NPM evaluated. The CAM had an overall non-compliance level of 73·2 % and was comparable to the CWO 2019 for foods (71·2 % and 71·1 %, respectively). The CAM was the strictest NPM for beverages (80·4 %) due to the criteria of non-sugar sweeteners and free sugars. The SA HNC was the most lenient with non-compliance at 52·9 %. This was largely due to the inclusion of nutrients to encourage, which is a criterion for this NPM.Conclusion:For the purpose of discouraging products high in nutrients associated with poor health in SA, the CAM is a suitable NPM.
Substructure of a Kelvin‐Helmholtz Vortex Accompanied by Plasma Transport Under the Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field
Authors: Yan G. Q. , Mozer F. S. , Parks G. K. , Cai C. L. , Chen T. , Goldstein M. L. , Ren Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWithin a Kelvin‐Helmholtz (K‐H) vortex at the duskside magnetopause, a substructure characterized by two flux enhancements of cold magnetosheath plasma in a background of hot magnetosphere plasma is observed. The substructure is accompanied by plasma transport across the magnetopause, and the transport region is found to split into two parts: the double peaks in both ion and electron densities, corresponding to the two flux enhancements in spectrograms. There are two decreases in the ion temperature while the electron temperature remains constantly low, suggesting that the substructure is caused by a secondary process within the vortex rather than the secondary crossings of the vortex or the boundary oscillations. A transverse motion of cold plasma is observed in the pitch‐angle distribution, demonstrating an example of transverse driving and ongoing plasma transport across the magnetopause. With the convective electric field removed, the perturbed electric field E1, which is sinusoidal and perpendicular to B, matches the theoretical prediction of the Rayleigh‐Taylor (R‐T) instability. Such a perturbed electric field is expected to be the electrostatic field that accompanies the R‐T instability producing the substructure and drives the plasma transport by drift. The observations suggest that this secondary R‐T instability within the K‐H vortex can drive plasma transport across the magnetopause.