bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling Rheology of Fluid Interfaces through Microblock Length of Sequence‐Controlled Amphiphilic Copolymers
Authors: Yu Xiaoxi , Li Guofang , Zheng Bingqian , Youn Gyusaang , Jiang Ting , Quah Suan P. , Laughlin Scott T. , Sampson Nicole S. , Bhatia Surita R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that films of sequence‐controlled amphiphilic copolymers display contact angles that depend on microblock size. This suggests that microblock length may provide a means of tuning surface and interfacial properties. In this work, the interfacial rheology of a series of sequence‐controlled copolymers, prepared through the addition of bicyclo[4.2.0]oct‐1(8)‐ene‐8‐carboxamide (monomer A) and cyclohexene (monomer B) to generate sequences up to 24 monomeric units composed of (AmBn)i microblocks, where m, n, and i range from 1 to 6. Interfacial rheometry is used to measure the mechanical properties of an air–water interface with these copolymers. As the microblock size increases, the interfacial storage modulus, G′, increases, which may be due to an increase in the size of interfacial hydrophobic domains. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering shows that the copolymers have a similar conformation in solution, suggesting that any variations in the mechanics of the interface are due to assembly at the interface, and not on solution association or bulk rheological properties. This is the first study demonstrating that microblock size can be used to control interfacial rheology of amphiphilic copolymers. Thus, the results provide a new strategy for controlling the dynamics of fluid interfaces through precision sequence‐controlled polymers.
Childhood‐Onset Choreo‐Dystonia Due to a Recurrent Novel Homozygous Nonsense HPCA Variant: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Magrinelli Francesca , Bhatia Kailash P. , Beiraghi Toosi Mehran , Arab Fatemeh , Karimiani Ehsan Ghayoor , Sedighzadeh Sahar , Ansari Behnaz , Neshatdoust Maedeh , Rocca Clarissa , Houlden Henry , Maroofian Reza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiallelic variants in HPCA were linked to isolated dystonia (formerly DYT2) in 2015. Since then, the clinical spectrum of HPCA‐related disorder has expanded up to including a complex syndrome encompassing neurodevelopmental delay, generalized dystonia with bulbar involvement, and infantile seizures.CasesWe report four individuals with a new phenotype of childhood‐onset choreo‐dystonia belonging to two unrelated Iranian pedigrees and harboring a novel homozygous nonsense pathogenic variant NM_002143.3:c.49C>T p.(Arg17*) in HPCA. Although the families are both Iranian, haplotype analysis of the exome data did not reveal a founder effect of the variant.Literature ReviewA systematic review of articles on HPCA and dystonia published since the disease gene discovery (PubMed; search on July 09, 2022; search strategy “HPCA AND dystonia”, “HPCA AND movement disorder”, “hippocalcin AND dystonia”, and “hippocalcin AND movement disorder”; no language restriction) resulted in 18 references reporting 10 cases from six families. HPCA‐related dystonia was isolated or in various combinations with neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, cognitive decline, and psychiatric comorbidity. Onset of dystonia ranged from infancy to early adulthood. Dystonia started in the limbs or neck and became generalized in most cases. Brain MRI was unremarkable in nearly all cases where performed. There was poor or no response to common antidystonic medications in most cases.ConclusionsOur case series expands the pheno‐genotypic spectrum of HPCA‐related disorder by describing childhood‐onset choreo‐dystonia as a new phenotype, reporting on a recurrent novel pathogenic nonsense variant in HPCA, and suggesting that exon 2 of HPCA might be a mutational hotspot.
Comparison of spectral beam combining based on reflecting volume Bragg grating, with and without collimating lenses
Authors: Wang Ya , Zhan Shengbao , Fu Xiang , Deng Zhifeng , Le Wenran , Zhu Zusong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOn the basis of the principle of spectral beam combining (SBC), a simple combining system using a reflecting volume Bragg grating as a combiner was designed in which two focusing lenses were used to control the incident angles of input beams, and two concave lenses were used to solve the problem of beam divergence caused by focusing lenses. The effects of the beam divergence angle (DA) on diffraction efficiency and beam quality were analyzed theoretically. The simulation results showed that a larger DA will reduce diffraction efficiency and lead to deterioration of beam quality. In the SBC experiment, the performances of the output beam with and without concave lenses were compared. The experimental results showed that, when the concave lenses were not inserted, the measured output power was 503 mW with a combining efficiency of 85.3% and the beam quality factor of 1.68. The experiment further showed that the combined power was 566 mW with a combining efficiency of 96% and a beam quality factor of 1.31 when concave lenses were used.
Multimodal imaging reveals a small subpopulation of Deinococcus radiodurans exhibiting correlated low superoxide radical levels with extraordinary silver ion metabolism
Authors: Zhu Weinan , He Xinyu , Li Haoran , Jiang Bo , Xie Ruo‐Chen , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA polyvalent strategy has recently been assumed to be adopted by Deinococcus radiodurans that can generate various resistance against many different detrimental sources of oxidative damage (e.g., reactive oxygen species, heavy metal ions, and ionizing radiation). On this basis, investigating more than one restorative metabolic activities and their interrelation of the very same entities of D. radiodurans is of great significance for exploring its polyextremophile nature, which will be insightful for obtaining fundamental generic insights into life sustainability. Herein, we apply mainly fluorescence microscopy and back‐reflection microscopy to visibly assess the respective activities of superoxide radical generation and silver ion metabolism for individual D. radiodurans. Strikingly, only a minority (< 20%) of the bacteria, which show low superoxide radical levels, is revealed to exhibit considerable formation of silver nanoparticles, while those containing more superoxide radicals, all show minimum silver ion metabolism. The discovery of the strong negative correlation for the small subpopulation between the two visualized different metabolic activities not only provides direct experimental evidence in terms of bacterial functionality for the inferred survival regime of the extreme microbe, but also suggests a new way of chemically examining biology from the perspective of interfunctional relationship.Keypoints
The use of back‐reflection microscopy allows the discovery of a small subpopulation of Deinococcus radiodurans exhibiting extraordinary silver ion metabolism.
Combining fluorescence microscopy and bright‐field microscopy, we further show the subpopulation all contain correlated relatively low levels of superoxide radicals.
The findings from the angle of exploring interfunctional relationship directly support the polyvalent strategy currently proposed for the polyextremophile for survivals against various sources of oxidative damage.
Fixed‐time linear quadratic adaptive sliding mode control for a class of cart‐pendulum robots
Authors: Jin Xiao‐Zheng , Liu Jia‐Dong , Wu Xiao‐Ming , Chi Jing , Deng Chao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article is concerned with the fixed‐time path‐following control problem of a perturbed cart‐pendulum robot with linear quadratic (LQ) performance optimization. In order to ensure the displacements of cart and pendulum of the robot following the desired paths within fixed‐time, adaptive anti‐perturbation sliding mode control schemes with a novel fixed‐time sliding mode surface are developed to withstand the adverse influence of perturbations. Furthermore, an adaptive radial basis function neural network (RBFNN)‐based sliding mode control algorithm is employed to approximate the continuous perturbations, so that the path‐following LQ control problem can be further dealt with. The fixed‐time stability and path‐following results of the cart‐pendulum robotic system are achieved by Lyapunov stability theory. A simulation example for a heavy material handling agricultural robot is proposed to verify the effectiveness of the developed method.
Transcriptomic analysis of Sitophilus zeamais in response to limonene fumigation
Authors: Liao Min , Li Shengnan , Wu Hailong , Gao Quan , Shi Su , Huang Yong , Cao Haiqun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFrequent application of chemical fumigants has contributed to the development of resistance in stored‐product pests. Essential oils provide a novel and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. In this work, the fumigant activity of Taxodium ‘zhongshansha’ essential oil (TZEO) and main active components against Sitophilus zeamais were evaluated. In addition, the molecular mechanisms mediating the fumigant activity of limonene were assessed.RESULTSTZEO showed strong fumigant activity against Sitophilus zeamais, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 22.90 μL L−1 air in 24 h. The main components of TZEO were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, the main active ingredient (limonene) showed an LC50 of 9.93 μL L−1 air in 24 h which had a serious dose‐time‐effect. The LC50 value of the positive control (aluminum phosphide) was 1.91 μL L−1. In total, 3982 up‐regulated and 3067 down‐regulated genes were sequenced in limonene‐fumigated Sitophilus zeamais, the genes related to metabolic detoxification were significantly enriched. The mortality rate of 7 day‐old Sitophilus zeamais adult mediated with knockdown of SzCYP6MS5 and SzCYP6MS6 raised up to 65.67% and 67.65% after fumigation with limonene in 24 h, respectively. The results showed that SzCYP6MS5 and SzCYP6MS6 are closely involved to the detoxification of limonene.CONCLUSIONIn this study, candidate genes affected by limonene treatment in Sitophilus zeamais were identified. These findings provided insights into the systemic metabolic response of Sitophilus zeamais to limonene and established a basis for the development of limonene as a botanical pesticide for the control of stored‐product pests. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficacy of Covexir® (Ferula foetida oleo‐gum) treatment in symptomatic improvement of patients with mild to moderate COVID‐19: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Hasanpour Maede , Safari Hossein , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang , Iranshahy Milad , Dehghan Nayyeri Mohammad Javad , Farhadi Faegheh , Emami Bahareh , Iranshahi Mehrdad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 COVID‐19 pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented emergency state in healthcare system and global challenge. In recent decade, the function of exogenous H2S in the treatment of respiratory diseases has been investigated using H2S‐donor agents. Ferula foetida is a medicinal plant that is traditionally used in respiratory diseases including asthma and viral respiratory diseases. The oleo‐gum of this plant is a rich source of several organic sulfides including thiophenes, disulfides and polysulfide derivatives, which can act as H2S‐donor agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Covexir® (F. foetida oleo‐gum) treatment as a rich source of H2S‐donor compounds in clinical presentations of patients with COVID‐19. The efficacy of Covexir® was evaluated in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in outpatients with COVID‐19. Covexir® could significantly inhibit cough when compared to the placebo group (p < .01 and p < 001, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant difference (p < 001) between the two groups in dyspnea symptom at follow‐up interval of 7 day after receiving Covexir®. Furthermore, on days 3 and 7, statistically significant differences were observed in myalgia, anorexia, anosmia, and sense of taste severity between two groups. Our findings revealed that Covexir® was very safe in the treatment of COVID‐19 patients with mild to moderate symptoms and it can be recommended to improve clinical presentations of patients with COVID‐19 such as cough, shortness of breath, myalgia, anorexia, anosmia, and sense of taste.
Adaptive neural learning fixed‐time control for uncertain teleoperation system with time‐delay and time‐varying output constraints
Authors: Li Longnan , Liu Zhengxiong , Ma Zhiqiang , Huang Panfeng , Guo Shaofan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRestricted by operation time and workspace, the end effectors of robots need to complete the teleoperation tasks within the limited time while adhering to the physical constraints. Meanwhile, time‐delay has an extremely detrimental influence on stability and transparency. In order to meet the constraints of convergence time, control performance and workspace, an adaptive neural learning fixed‐time control scheme incorporating an integral barrier Lyapunov function is proposed for the first time. Neural networks are utilized to reconstruct environmental forces and approximate the total uncertainty introduced by robots and the environment. Instead of directly transmitting high‐frequency force signals, the neural network is used to fit the environmental force before transmitting the virtual environment parameters to the leader, which effectively avoids the passive issue and improves the transparency of the teleoperation system. The results show that the error signals converge into the neighborhood of the zero domain in fixed‐time and the output is directly constrained within the prescribed time‐varying boundary. In comparison with other existing research, the control performance of the teleoperation system has been improved to a certain extent with the proposed control method. Simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility and availability of the proposed control strategy with the teleoperation platform composed of two Phantom Omni haptic devices.
Outside board members and strategic orientation of new ventures in the startup phase
Authors: Bruneel Johan , Gaeremynck Ann , Weemaes Stephan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe investigate the relationship between outside board members (OBMs) and short‐ versus long‐term strategic orientation of new ventures in the startup phase. Owing to their smallness and newness, a short‐term orientation may be more desirable. Using a dataset of 170 Belgian new ventures in the startup phase, we find a positive association between the proportion of OBMs and a short‐ rather than long‐term strategic orientation, attributed by our interviewees to concern for firm survival. This association is stronger in new ventures operating in highly competitive environments, and where the founding team performed few pre‐startup activities. Greater focus on the short‐term may be beneficial in the long run, as a positive association is found between a high relative short‐term orientation and ventures' growth.Managerial SummaryNew ventures in the startup phase should primarily focus on short‐term issues: get a better understanding of who are the customers and try to validate the business model. This article reveals that the board of directors plays a pivotal role in influencing the extent to which startups have a short‐term strategic orientation. Specifically, it explains how OBMs provide advice, monitor the startup's progress, and guide entrepreneurs on key short‐term priorities. This strategic role of OBMs is more pronounced in new ventures where the entrepreneurial team is less prepared at founding and in firms operating in highly competitive environments. Importantly, our paper provides evidence that a short‐term orientation in the startup phase does not jeopardize future venture growth in the scale‐up phase.
Phylogenetic relationships of Xerochrysum, Coronidium and Helichrysum leucopsideum reveal a new genus, Leucozoma (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae)
Authors: Collins Timothy L. , Bruhl Jeremy J. , Andrew Rose L. , Telford Ian R.H. , Schmidt‐Lebuhn Alexander N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe gathered morphological data and genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to infer the evolutionary relationships of Xerochrysum, Coronidium, and Helichrysum leucopsideum, and to test the circumscription of the genera. SVDquartets species tree topology resolved relationships between the genera and within subsets of the Xerochrysum data. Results corroborated previous conclusions that Coronidium is non‐monophyletic as presently circumscribed and forms, in addition to the more distantly related Coronidium scorpioides group, three morphologically distinct clades. SVDquartets returned two clades in Xerochrysum, though species‐level relationships were unclear. Bayesian coalescent analysis using SNAPP produced tree topologies for the three clades of Coronidium with most species‐level relationships well resolved. The new genus Leucozoma is described for seven taxa previously included in Coronidium. A revised description of Coronidium and images of phyllary and fruit diagnostic morphological characters are provided.
New data on efficacy of valacyclovir in secondary prevention of maternal–fetal transmission of cytomegalovirus
Authors: Egloff C. , Sibiude J. , Vauloup‐Fellous C. , Benachi A. , Bouthry E. , Biquard F. , Hawkins‐Villarreal A. , Houhou‐Fidouh N. , Mandelbrot L. , Vivanti A. J. , Picone O. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading cause of non‐genetic hearing and neurological deficits. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of valacyclovir (VCV) treatment in preventing CMV transmission to the fetus after maternal primary infection.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter study evaluating the rate of maternal–fetal CMV transmission in pregnancies with maternal primary CMV infection treated with VCV at a dosage of 8 g per day (VCV group) compared with a control group of untreated women. Each case underwent virological testing to confirm maternal primary infection and to provide accurate dating of onset of infection. The primary outcome was the presence of congenital CMV infection at birth diagnosed based on polymerase chain reaction analysis of saliva, urine and/or blood samples. The efficacy of VCV treatment was assessed using logistic regression analysis adjusted for a propensity score.ResultsIn total, 143 patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 59 were in the VCV group and 84 were in the untreated control group. On propensity‐score‐adjusted analysis, VCV treatment was significantly associated with an overall reduction in the rate of maternal–fetal CMV transmission (odds ratio, 0.40 (95% CI, 0.18–0.90); P = 0.029). The rate of maternal–fetal CMV transmission, determined at birth, in the VCV vs control group was 7% (1/14) vs 10% (1/10) after periconceptional maternal primary infection (P = 1.00), 22% (8/36) vs 41% (19/46) after first‐trimester maternal primary infection (P = 0.068) and 25% (2/8) vs 52% (14/27) after second‐trimester maternal primary infection (P = 0.244). When analyzing the efficacy of VCV treatment according to maternal viremia at treatment initiation, there was a trend towards greater efficacy when patients were viremia‐positive (21% vs 43%; P = 0.072) compared with when they were viremia‐negative (22% vs 17%; P = 0.659). Maternal side effects associated with VCV were mild and non‐specific in most cases.ConclusionOur findings indicate that VCV treatment of pregnant women with primary CMV infection reduces the risk of maternal–fetal transmission of CMV and may be effective in cases with primary infection in the first and second trimesters. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
On the effect of the central body small deformations on its satellite trajectory in the problem of the two‐body gravitational interaction
Authors: Kiryan Dmitry G. , Kiryan George V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe problem of the two‐body gravitational interaction has been solved numerically based on the classical mechanics principles. One of the bodies is a deformable three‐axis ellipsoid (central body) and the other is a material point (satellite). The relationship of the angular discrepancy between the calculated and actual positions of the satellite pericenter with central body's gravity anomaly has been established.
A three‐phase laminated anisotropic elliptical inhomogeneity with internal uniform stress resultants
Authors: Yang Ping , Wang Xu , Schiavone Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe use the Stroh octet formalism for the coupled stretching and bending deformations of Kirchhoff laminated anisotropic thin plates together with the complex variable formulations of the decoupled stretching and bending deformations of Kirchhoff homogeneous isotropic thin plates to study the internal stress resultants inside a laminated anisotropic elliptical inhomogeneity bonded to a surrounding infinite laminated anisotropic matrix through a confocal interphase layer composed of a homogeneous isotropic plate when the matrix is subjected to uniform remote membrane stress resultants and bending moments. We prove that for given geometric and material parameters of the composite, the internal stress resultants inside the elliptical inhomogeneity are uniform when four specific conditions on the remote loading are satisfied. Furthermore, the internal uniform elastic field is determined in real‐form in terms of the two 8 × 8 fundamental elastic plate matrices for both the inhomogeneity and the matrix and the three 4 × 4 real matrices S, H, and L for the matrix.
PBRE: A Rule Extraction Method from Trained Neural Networks Designed for Smart Home Services
Authors: Qiu Mingming , Najm Elie , Sharrock Rémi , Traverson Bruno 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDesigning smart home services is a complex task when multiple services with a large number of sensors and actuators are deployed simultaneously. It may rely on knowledge-based or data-driven approaches. The former can use rule-based methods to design services statically, and the latter can use learning methods to discover inhabitants’ preferences dynamically. However, neither of these approaches is entirely satisfactory because rules cannot cover all possible situations that may change, and learning methods may make decisions that are sometimes incomprehensible to the inhabitant. In this paper, PBRE (Pedagogic Based Rule Extractor) is proposed to extract rules from learning methods to realize dynamic rule generation for smart home systems. The expected advantage is that both the explainability of rule-based methods and the dynamicity of learning methods are adopted. We compare PBRE with an existing rule extraction method, and the results show better performance of PBRE. We also apply PBRE to extract rules from a smart home service represented by an NRL (Neural Network-based Reinforcement Learning). The results show that PBRE can help the NRL-simulated service to make understandable suggestions to the inhabitant.
Normalization of ZZ instanton amplitudes in minimal string theory
Authors: Eniceicu Dan Stefan , Mahajan Raghu , Murdia Chitraang , Sen Ashoke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We use insights from string field theory to analyze and cure the divergences in the cylinder diagram in minimal string theory with both boundaries lying on a ZZ brane. We focus on theories with worldsheet matter consisting of the (2, p) minimal model plus Liouville theory, with total central charge 26, together with the usual bc-ghosts. The string field theory procedure gives a finite, purely imaginary normalization constant for non-perturbative effects in minimal string theory, or doubly non-perturbative effects in JT gravity. We find precise agreement with the prediction from the dual double-scaled one-matrix integral. We also make a few remarks about the extension of this result to the more general (p′, p) minimal string.