bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A satellite perspective on the movement decisions of African elephants in relation to nomadic pastoralists
Authors: Duporge Isla , Finerty Genevieve E. , Ihwagi Festus , Lee Stephen , Wathika Jane , Wu Zijing , Macdonald David W. , Wang Tiejun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe African savannah ecosystem is populated by nomadic pastoralists who herd livestock in the day and corral them at night in temporary enclosures, called bomas, to protect them. The number and distribution of bomas on the savannah is important from an ecological perspective and may have a significant impact on wildlife movement. However, no study has yet examined this relationship. Here, using very high‐resolution satellite imagery from two time periods, we quanitified changes in boma distribution and density across an area of 3377 km2 in the Laikipia‐Samburu ecosystem of northern Kenya between 2011 and 2019. To assess wildlife movement in relation to bomas, we used a GPS data set on African bush elephant Loxodonta africana movement from 27 collared matriarchs representing herds of 9–15, covering 112 467 hourly GPS fixes over 31 months between 2018 and 2020. Our results showed a more than 46% increase in the total number of human‐built structures between 2011 and 2019, the majority of which were bomas, representing a 21.9% increase in human‐modified land area. Elephants readily adjusted their foraging habits and itineraries in this habitat shared with humans, who were also nomadic in space and time. Assessing the night–day activity ratio, we found elephants move more nocturnally when in closer proximity to bomas, particularly during the dry season. This temporal separation means elephants avoid the times humans are active in and around bomas while still accessing required resources—water and forage. The temporal shift was stronger during the dry season when shared resources are scarce. Using daily travel distance as a metric, we show elephants moved further in closer proximity to bomas which was likely linked to the need to travel between forage patches. Given the rise in human settlements, understanding the consequences of animals' behavioral adjustments is critical to understand the long‐term population viability of elephant populations.
Ultrasound‐ and Microwave‐promoted Synthesis, Growth‐regulating Activity and Antimicrobial Behavior of Trimecaine‐based Ionic Compounds
Authors: Dauletbakov Anuar , Zazybin Alexey , Yu Valentina , Belyankova Yelizaveta , Ten Assel , Rafikova Khadichakhan , Zolotareva Darya , Anapiyayev Bakytzhan , Seilkhanov Tulegen , Aydemir Murat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present work describes the synthesis, growth‐regulating activity, and antimicrobial behavior of ionic compounds based on 2‐diethylamino‐N‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)acetamide (trimecaine). Synthesis of ionic compounds was performed via N‐alkylation of trimecaine with alkyl halides using microwave and ultrasound activation and the results were compared with those of classical conditions (thermal activation). The synthesized ionic compounds have been tested for germination energy and capacity with the collection of different varieties and hybrids of sweet sorghum seeds. The valuable results were obtained for the seeds stored for several years for which the significant drop in germination activity is usually observed. Furthermore, the ionic compounds were used to study their biological activity – growth –regulating activity on sweet sorghum seeds and the antimicrobial behavior against E. coli, S. typhimurium, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans microorganisms.
Ag/CoFe2O4 as a Fenton‐Like Catalyst for the Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Feng Xueting , Ma Lili , Cai Fanghui , Sun Chunyu , Ding Hanming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSurface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of noble metal nanoparticles has been widely exploited in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, optical biosensing, and photocatalysis. In this work, silver nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) to prepare a composite Fenton‐like catalyst. Such catalyst was utilized to degrade methylene blue under visible light through activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The effects of the loading and particle size of silver nanoparticles, the dosage of the catalyst, PMS concentration, and other variables on the catalytic efficiency were explored. The catalytic efficiency of the composite catalyst is 3.8 times higher than that of CoFe2O4 under optimal conditions. The enhanced catalytic activity can be ascribed to the SPR effect of silver nanoparticles, which can expand the absorption range in the visible region, promote the separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs, and accelerate the conversion rate of M(III)/M(II) in CoFe2O4 (M=Co, Fe).
Synergistic Catalysis by Copper Oxide/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: A Facile Approach to Prepare Quinazolines and Quinazoline Containing Triazole/Tetrazole Moieties under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Sarkar Rajib , Gajurel Sushmita , Gupta Ajay , Kumar Pal Amarta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA one‐pot three‐component strategy for the synthesis of quinazoline derivatives under catalyst‐free and using CuO/GO nanocomposite has been developed. The catalytic approach proceeded under mild reaction conditions and offered improved yields of the target products within shorter reaction time. The excellent catalytic performance of CuO/GO can be ascribed to the synergistic interaction of the combined graphene oxide (GO) and nano‐sized CuO nanoparticles. A wide variety of substrates, including aromatic, heteroaromatic, and bulky aldehydes were explored to obtain highly functionalized quinazoline products in good to high yields. Furthermore, this atom‐efficient catalytic pathway has also been extended for the synthesis of quinazoline containing triazole and tetrazole rings. Additionally, the nanocatalyst could be easily recycled and reused five times without much appreciable loss in its activity.
Production of Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuels from waste Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) through Pyrolysis
Authors: Sharma Gulshan , Upadhyay Era 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA novel coronavirus disease (Covid‐19) epidemic identified in a capital of Hubei territory of China in the month of December 2019. Covid‐19 was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐COV‐2) and WHO announced it as pandemic. Health professionals were found at more risk due to frontline patronage during the pandemic. The only way to protect the health of frontliners is to appropriate utilization of PPEs. In this situation, there is always a concern about the shortage of PPEs; on the other hand, environmental consequence is the major issue because of its disposal. Plastic waste pyrolysis may play a major role to modify this waste. Pyrolysis is known as a tertiary recovery process which gives three recyclable end products: an oil, gas, and char. Generally, PPE waste has predominant hydrocarbon polymers which can be utilized as a fuel or feedstock by the synthetic enterprises. In this study, we have used pyrolysis method to transform 50gm PPE waste into hydrocarbons, which can be utilized either as powers or as feedstock in the petrochemical business. The maximum yield of fluid (35 %) was acquired at the reaction performed at 100 °C along with the cooling water at 17.59 °C. Maximum wax (11.02 %) was produced at <500 °C while gas was formed at >500 °C. The findings of this study indicate that non‐biodegradable plastic waste may be transformed into useful products which may further be utilized in demanding segments. We have also tried to explore various potential applications of another product of this study i. e., oil.
Synthesis, Optical Properties, Preliminary Antimycobacterial Evaluation and Docking Studies of Trifluoroacetylated 3‐Pyrrolyl Boron‐Dipyrromethene
Authors: Horetski Matvey , Gorlova Anna , Płocińska Renata , Brzostek Anna , Faletrov Yaroslav , Dziadek Jarosław , Shkumatov Vladimir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe article provides the route to trifluoroacetylated fluorescent boron dipyrromethene dye (2). The compound performs intensive absorption and emission bands in near‐red wavelength region. Photophysical properties of 2 are investigated in different solvents. A notable increase of fluorescence quantum yield after trifluoroacetyl group insertion connected with a change in intramolecular interactions parameters. The role of molecular geometry aspects in observed photophysical properties and molecular fragments rotation energy barriers are explained by quantum‐mechanical calculations. 2 performs considerable antimycobacterial activity. According to molecular docking simulations, 2 is capable of affinity binding in the active sites of mycobacterial MycP1 and MycP3 serine proteases. The geometries of final ligand‐protein complexes show the possibility of protein active site covalent modification at the serine residue of the catalytic triad. At lower concentrations, 2 can act as a fluorescent dye for microscopy analysis and corresponding staining patterns are shown for Mycobacterium smegmatis and Staphylococcus aureus cells.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 5‐MemberedN‐Heterocycles via Rhodium Catalysed Cascade Reactions
Authors: Mishra Deepak R. , Panda Bhabani S. , Nayak Sabita , Panda Jasmine , Mohapatra Seetaram 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFive memberedN‐heterocycles are significant targets in organic synthesis because of their ubiquitous existence in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Over the past decade a compelling attractiveness has grown to develop rhodium complex catalysed efficient and atom‐economic chemistry to access structurally diverseN‐heterocyclic frameworks. This present review enlightens notable progresses and advances in synthesis of 5‐memberedN‐heterocycles via rhodium catalysed cascade reactions (annulations, C−H/C−C activation, cycloaddition, rearrangement, cyclization, metathesis) from 2018–2021.
Modification of Poly(Styrene‐co‐Acrylonitrile) with Tetrazine by Inverse Electron Demand Diels‐Alder Reaction
Authors: Meyvacı Ergül , Öztürk Temel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPoly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) [P(SAN)] copolymer was obtained by using styrene and acrylonitrile monomers via free‐radical polymerization. The tetrazine groups were formed in the P(SAN) copolymer backbone by using 2‐fluorobenzyl cyanide, hydrazine hydrate, zinc iodide as the catalyst, and sodium nitrile. The tetrazine groups in the copolymer backbone were modified using trans‐cyclooctenol by the Inverse Electron Demand Diels‐Alder reaction. The spectroscopic properties of the obtained products were determined by Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance and their thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The average molecular weights of the synthesized polymers were defined by using gel permeation chromatography method.
Rapid Reduction and Recovery of Au(III) in Water by Hollow Polym‐phenylenediamine Nanospheres
Authors: Feng Zhongmin , Yang Leilei , Zhu Chuanyu , Meng Yupu , Wang Zhuqing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo quickly and efficiently recover precious metal gold from electronic waste products, we synthesized a novel hollow polym‐phenylenediamine (PmPD) nanosphere using the sacrificial template method and applied this materials to reduce and recover Au(III) in an aqueous solution. Experimental results show that the as‐prepared hollow PmPD has high selectivity and treatment capacity for Au(III), and can selectively reduce Au(III) from mixture metals solutions, including Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and Au(III) mixed solutions. Under room temperature and solution pH 4.0, the maximum treatment capacity of hollow PmPD for Au(III) reaches 1185.18 mg/g in 10 min of equilibrium time. The reduction ability of hollow PmPD remains stable in a pH range of 1.0 to 10.0 and under an ambient temperature ranging from 0 °C to 50 °C. Hollow PmPD can be regenerated via simple NaHSO3 solution washing, and its performance remains stable after repeated recycling. The satisfactory results obtained in treating the computer CPU leaching solution suggest that the hollow PmPD has broad application prospects in recovering gold from e‐waste.
Environmentally Benign Approaches towards the Synthesis of Quinolines
Authors: Kumar Asim , Dhameliya Tejas M. , Sharma Kirti , Patel Krupa A. , Hirani Rajvi V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGreener and sustainable synthetic strategies have been evolving as the demanding domain of organic transformations during the last decade. The division of an environmentally benign methodology to construct bioactive heterocyclic scaffolds has always been a perpetual subject of interests for medicinal and synthetic chemists. Thus, the newer and novel synthetic methodologies of quinoline have drawn the attention of synthetic organic or medicinal chemists as evident from the growing numbers of publications. The current review focuses on some of the notable synthetic methodologies carried out in the last decade with the inherent objective to attain sustainability towards the synthesis. The key aspects of the review would include to highlight sustainable and environmentally benign approaches like the solvent‐free reactions, use of alternate reaction media (e. g., water, fluorous alcohols, polyethylene glycols, and ionic liquids), and alternate modes of synthesis such as microwave‐assisted synthesis and flow reactions, nano‐catalysts, etc.
On the Protonation and Deuteration of Simple Phenols**
Authors: Hartmann Horst , Yu Xiuling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn analogy with the reaction of phenols with very strong super acids, these compounds can be protonated by the weaker super acid trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trifluoromethanesulphonic acid (TFS) also giving rise to the formation of OH and/or ring protonated products, which can be identified unambiguously by means of 1HNMR spectroscopy. The same reactions are possible with the deuterated acids TFA‐d and TFS‐d. However, from these reactions, additional information on the proton and deuterium attack at different positions in the phenolic compounds is possible not detectable by the hitherto used non‐deuterated acids. Moreover, the reaction of phenols with these deuterated acids allows the preparation of partially or fully deuterated phenols that are also important as markers in biological application and material chemistry.
5‐Fluorouracil‐Loaded Sodium Alginate/Konjac Glucomannan Interacted with Attapulgite as a Potential Drug Delivery System
Authors: Yang Zhe , Fang Jahui , Tian Dating , Hu Sheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract5‐FU loaded sodium alginate / konjac glucomannan (SA/KGM) and sodium alginate / konjac glucomannan / attapulgite (SA/KGM/ATP) microbeads were fabricated by an injection method. FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA, DSC, and EDS were used to characterize these fabricated microbeads. Besides, encapsulation efficiency, swelling and in vitro drug release studies were also carried out. The results show that the addition of ATP can make the encapsulation efficiency of the model drug reach 76.58±0.91 %, and significantly reduce the burst release of 5‐FU within 300 minutes. Moreover, four common kinetic models were used to assessed the in vitro release kinetics and the results supported Ritger‐Peppas models, also indicating the mechanism of drug transport was controlled by Fickian diffusion. The results suggest that the prepared SA/KGM/ATP microbeads could potentially to be used in drug delivery system.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Glycine‐L‐Histidine‐Based Chiral Ionic Liquid and Enantioselectivity Evaluation by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Kimaru Irene W. , Maltese Leanne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA chiral ionic liquid (CIL) derived from the dipeptide glycine‐L‐histidine (Gly‐L‐His) cation and bis(trifluoroethyl)sulfonyl imide (NTF2) anion was prepared. The CIL was synthesized via ion‐exchange and evaluated for purity, melting points, thermal stability, and chiral recognition ability. The thermal decomposition temperature of [Gly‐L‐His][NTF2] CIL was 356 °C. The melting point of the CIL was ∼100 °C. The CIL was found to have a fluorescence emission peak with a λmax at 440 nm upon excitation at 364 nm. Fluorescence spectroscopy studies showed that the CIL exhibited chiral recognition ability for enantiomers of naproxen, propranolol, and 2,2,2‐trifluoroanthryl ethanol. The glycine‐L‐histidine bis(trifluoroethyl) sulfonyl imide IL effectively served as a solvent and chiral selector. The high thermal stability of this CIL indicates potential to be used as a solvent and chiral selector in high temperature reactions and as a stationary phase for gas chromatography.
A comparison of mixed‐mode survey designs for collecting deer and fall turkey harvest data in North Dakota
Authors: Kalinowski Ethan J. , Parent Chad J. , Newman Robert , Boulanger Jason R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAchieving state wildlife agency biological goals for deer (Odocoileusspp.) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) rely on high quality data collection via hunter harvest surveys. Concomitantly, better information is needed to optimize harvest survey methods. From 2017 to 2019, we surveyed North Dakota, USA, deer and fall turkey hunters using a self‐administered mail survey as a control and 3 mixed‐mode, internet/mail surveys to evaluate the efficacy of alternative survey designs for estimating harvest of game populations and informing future management. We measured response rates across segments of North Dakota deer and fall turkey hunters, and across mixed‐mode treatments that could easily be implemented with existing wildlife agency resources. We also determined whether early survey respondents were more likely to harvest deer or turkey. Finally, we estimated the effects of demographic factors that may be associated with hunters returning survey treatment modes to further North Dakota Game and Fish Department's ability to tailor surveys to certain hunter groups. We found that internet‐mail and mail‐internet treatments resulted in significantly higher response rates than a traditional mail‐only survey mode. We also found that hunters who successfully harvested an animal were more likely to return questionnaires shortly after the initial wave of surveying. Finally, we found that older, nonresident, and urban hunters were more likely to return questionnaires. Our research demonstrates potential use of tailored mixed‐mode surveys to increase response rates.
Stress average rule derived through the principle of virtual power
Authors: Jiménez Segura Nabor , Pichler Bernhard L.A. , Hellmich Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStress and strain average rules are the key conceptual pillars of the wide field of continuum micromechanics of materials. The aforementioned rules express that the spatial average of (micro‐)stress and (micro‐)strain fields throughout a microscopically finite representative volume element (RVE) are equal to the (macro‐)stress and (macro‐)strain values associated with the corresponding macroscopically infinitesimal volume element (macroscopic material point). According to the famous contribution of Hashin, stress and strain average rules are derived from equilibrium and compatibility conditions, together with (micro‐)displacement and (micro‐)traction boundary conditions associated with homogeneous (macro‐)strains and (macro‐)stresses, respectively. However, as, strictly speaking, only displacements or tractions can be described at the boundary, the remaining average rule turns out as a mere definition. We here suggest a way to do without such a definition, by resorting to the principle of virtual power (PVP) as a means to guarantee mechanical equilibrium: at the boundary of the RVE, we prescribe virtual (micro‐)velocities, which are linked to arbitrary, but homogeneous virtual (macro‐)velocities and (macro‐)strain rates, while the latter are also linked, in a multilinear fashion, with the microscopic virtual strain rate fields inside the RVE. Considering, under these conditions, equivalence of the macroscopic and the microscopic expressions for the virtual power densities of the internal and the external forces yields the well‐known stress average rule and, in case of microscopically uniform force fields, a volume force average rule. The same strategy applied to an RVE hosting single forces between atomistic mass points, readily yields the macroscopic “internal virial stress tensor.”
Discussion on On the role of data, statistics and decisions in a pandemic
Authors: Berger Ursula , Kauermann Göran , Küchenhoff Helmut 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe authors make an important contribution presenting a comprehensive and thoughtful overview about the many different aspects of data, statistics and data analyses in times of the recent COVID-19 pandemic discussing all relevant topics. The paper certainly provides a very valuable reflection of what has been done, what could have been done and what needs to be done. We contribute here with a few comments and some additional issues. We do not discuss all chapters of Jahn et al. (AStA Adv Stat Anal, 2022. 10.1007/s10182-022-00439-7), but focus on those where our personal views and experiences might add some additional aspects.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor–kynurenine axis promotes oncogenic activity in BCP-ALL
Authors: Wang Li-Ting , Liu Kwei-Yan , Wang Shen-Nien , Lin Ming-Hong , Liao Yu-Mei , Lin Pei-Chin , Huang Shau-Ku , Hsu Shih-Hsien , Chiou Shyh-Shin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), the most common childhood cancer, originates from lymphoid precursor cells in bone marrow committed to the B-cell lineage. Environmental factors and genetic abnormalities disturb the normal maturation of these precursor cells, promoting the formation of leukemia cells and suppressing normal hematopoiesis. The underlying mechanisms of progression are unclear, but BCP-ALL incidence seems to be increasing in parallel with the adoption of modern lifestyles. This study hypothesized that air pollution and haze are risk factors for BCP-ALL progression. The current study revealed that indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP), a major component of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, promotes oncogenic activities (proliferation, transformation, and disease relapse) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IP treatment activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)–indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDOs) axis, thereby enhancing tryptophan metabolism and kynurenine (KYN) level and consequent promoting the KYN–AHR feedback loop. IP treatment decreased the time to disease relapse and increased the BCP-ALL cell count in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Additionally, in 50 clinical BCP-ALL samples, AHR and IDO were co-expressed in a disease-specific manner at mRNA and protein levels, while their mRNA levels showed a significant correlation with disease-free survival duration. These results indicated that PAH/IP exposure promotes BCP-ALL disease progression.
Graphical abstract
Quantum mechanics, statistics, standard model and gravity
Authors: ’t Hooft Gerard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCareful considerations concerning the interpretation of quantum mechanics serves not only for a better philosophical understanding of the physical world, but can also be instrumental for model building. After a resume of the author’s general views and their mathematical support, it is shown what new insights can be gained, in principle, concerning features such as the Standard Model of the elementary particles and the search for new approaches to bring he gravitational force in line with quantum mechanics. Questions to be asked include the cure for the formal non-convergence of renormalised perturbation expansions, the necessary discreteness of physical variables at the Planck scale, and the need to reconcile these with diffeomorphism invariance in General Relativity. Finally, a program is proposed to attempt to derive the propagation laws for cellular automaton models of the universe.