bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations for Embedding Inclusive Research Principles in the Design and Execution of Clinical Trials
Authors: Peters Ubong , Turner Brenna , Alvarez Daniel , Murray Makaelah , Sharma Aruna , Mohan Shalini , Patel Shilpen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is a growing recognition that the clinical research enterprise has a diversity problem, given that many clinical trials recruit historically marginalized individuals or patients reflective of real-world data at a rate that is far below the incidence and prevalence of the disease for which the investigational therapy or device is targeting. This lack of diversity in clinical research participation can obscure the safety and efficacy of drug therapies and limits our collective ability to develop effective treatments for all patients, leading to even wider health disparities. This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of this bias on public health, along with a description of some of the barriers that prevent historically marginalized populations from participating in clinical research. Some practical solutions that can be employed to increase diversity in clinical trial participation are also discussed, including the crucial role clinical trial sponsors, research organizations, patients, and caregivers need to play in supporting the industry to achieve this ambitious but necessary goal.
Perceptions Among Backcountry Skiers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Avalanche Safety and Backcountry Habits of New and Established Skiers
Authors: Valle Esteban A. , Cobourn Andrew P. , Trivitt Spencer JH. , Hendrikx Jordy , Johnson Jerry D. , Fiore David C. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted the ski industry worldwide by closing or limiting access to ski resorts. Subsequently, anecdotal reports of increased backcountry use emerged in the press, with concerns of inexperienced skiers causing or having problems in the backcountry. This study attempted to quantify this and identify motivations for new backcountry skiers. Methods Self-identified backcountry skiers and snowboarders (aged ≥18 y) in the United States and Canada completed an anonymous 29-question online survey distributed by regional avalanche centers, education providers, and skiing organizations (n =4792). Respondents were stratified by backcountry experience, defining “newcomers” who began backcountry skiing from 2019 to 2021, coincident with the COVID-19 pandemic. Percentages of ski days spent in the backcountry were compared before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using paired t-tests and across cohorts using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Avalanche education was compared using unpaired χ2 tests. Results Of established skiers, 81% noticed more people in the backcountry and 27% reported increasing their own use. Participants reported spending 17% (95% CI, 15.8–17.9) more of their days in the backcountry during the COVID-19 pandemic, with newcomers increasing their time spent by 36% and established skiers increasing their time spent by 13% ( P<0.0001). Of newcomers, 27% cited the COVID-19 pandemic as motivation to enter the backcountry and 24% lacked formal avalanche education, which is significantly higher than the 14% of established skiers ( P<0.0001). Conclusions Influenced by factors related to COVID-19, reported backcountry use increased during the pandemic. Newcomers had a lower level of avalanche education and less confidence in evaluating terrain. Because 80% of participants were recruited from avalanche safety or education websites, this likely underestimates skiers lacking avalanche awareness or education and is further limited by the nature of online surveys.
Misanthropology: the makers of Siliva the Zulu
Authors: Davis Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis lecture of 2006, never previously published, describes the making of the film Siliva the Zulu, the first fiction film made in sub-Saharan Africa with an all-black cast. It assesses its value as a rare documentary record of rural Zulu life in the 1920s and the subsequent careers of the film maker Attilio Gatti and anthropologist Lidio Cipriani. The latter’s reputation was tarnished by his support for Mussolini, racism, anti-Semitism and fascism.
Learning From Simulating Mass Casualty Events: A Systematic Search and a Comprehensive Qualitative Review
Authors: Ledbury Kathryne , Glasgow Simon , Tallach Rosel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMass casualty events (MCE) strain available health-care resources requiring extraordinary measures. Simulated exercises are used to improve preparedness. We sought to identify learning points and common themes arising from such exercises in literature. Reporting of action points to improve response plans were investigated. Type of exercises, environments, and departments were also explored. We systematically searched 3 databases and applied our eligibility criteria. Inclusion criteria were in-situ MCE simulations of clinical response to traumatic MCEs, including scene management, prehospital care, and in hospital care. Exclusion criteria were nonmedical response, infectious outbreaks, training courses with self-selecting participants, simulations assessing mechanical tools, and mathematical modeling. A total of 6883 titles were identified and screened. Eighty-three studies were read in full. Twenty-two articles were included. We identified numerous learning points, which were collated and categorized into 11 themes. Fifty-nine percent of the papers reported actions that would be or had been implemented. MCE simulation exercises have been found to improve familiarity and confidence among participants. The 11 themes identified from published exercises overlap with areas of improvement from real events. MCE simulations in the literature appear to focus on carrying out the exercise itself rather than learning points possibly missing opportunities to improve response plans.
“Constrained Medical Oxygen Supply Chain in India During COVID-19: Red-tapism, the Elephant in the Room?”
Authors: Gowda Naveen R. , Siddharth Vijaydeep , Kumar Parmeshwar , Vikas H. , Swaminathan Prakash , Kumar Atul 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Recent disruption of medical oxygen during the second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused nationwide panic. This study attempts to objectively analyze the medical oxygen supply chain in India along the principles of value stream mapping (VSM), identify bottlenecks, and recommend systemic improvements.

Methods:
Process mapping of the medical oxygen supply chain in India was done. Different licenses and approvals, their conditions, compliances, renewals, among others were factored in. All relevant circulars (Government Notices), official orders, amendments, and gazette notifications pertaining to medical oxygen from April 2020 to April 2021 were studied and corroborated with information from Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization (PESO) official website.

Results:
Steps of medical oxygen supply chain right from oxygen manufacture to filling, storage, and transport up to the end users; have regulatory bottlenecks. Consequently, flow of materials is sluggish and very poor information flow has aggravated the inherent inefficiencies of the system. Government of India has been loosening regulatory norms at every stage to alleviate the crisis.

Conclusions:
Regulatory bottlenecks have indirectly fueled the informal sector over the years, which is not under Government’s control with difficulty in controlling black-marketing and hoarding. Technology enabled, data-driven regulatory processes with minimum discretionary human interface can make the system more resilient.
Czecho(slovak) Sinology
Authors: Lomová Olga 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the second half of the twentieth century, Czechoslovak Sinology gained international recognition and, beginning in the late 1970s, has sometimes been referred to as the “Prague School of Sinology.” This paper will contextualize the achievements of Czechoslovak Sinologists in the broader historical context of the study of China, in the end summarizing the present situation in the Czech Republic. It discusses both Czechoslovak and Czech Sinology as the product of a specific intellectual environment that has nourished academic interest in China and shaped a specific understanding of what “Sinology” (side by side with other “Oriental studies”) means, including its situatedness in specific moments of history.
Optimising MWA EoR data processing for improved 21-cm power spectrum measurements—fine-tuning ionospheric corrections
Authors: Chege J. Kariuki , Jordan C. H. , Lynch C. , Trott C. M. , Line J. L. B. , Pindor B. , Yoshiura S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe redshifted cosmological 21-cm signal emitted by neutral hydrogen during the first billion years of the universe is much fainter relative to other galactic and extragalactic radio emissions, posing a great challenge towards detection of the signal. Therefore, precise instrumental calibration is a vital prerequisite for the success of radio interferometers such as the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), which aim for a 21-cm detection. Over the previous years, novel calibration techniques targeting the power spectrum paradigm of EoR science have been actively researched and where possible implemented. Some of these improvements, for the MWA, include the accuracy of sky models used in calibration and the treatment of ionospheric effects, both of which introduce unwanted contamination to the EoR window. Despite sophisticated non-traditional calibration algorithms being continuously developed over the years to incorporate these methods, the large datasets needed for EoR measurements require high computational costs, leading to trade-offs that impede making use of these new tools to maximum benefit. Using recently acquired computation resources for the MWA, we test the full capabilities of the state-of-the-art calibration techniques available for the MWA EoR project, with a focus on both direction-dependent and direction-independent calibration. Specifically, we investigate improvements that can be made in the vital calibration stages of sky modelling, ionospheric correction, and compact source foreground subtraction as applied in the hybrid foreground mitigation approach (one that combines both foreground subtraction and avoidance). Additionally, we investigate a method of ionospheric correction using interpolated ionospheric phase screens and assess its performance in the power spectrum space. Overall, we identify a refined RTS calibration configuration that leads to an at least 2 factor reduction of the EoR window power contamination at the$0.1 \; \textrm{hMpc}^{-1}$scale. The improvement marks a step further towards detecting the 21-cm signal using the MWA and the forthcoming SKA low telescope.
Far-field brittle deformation record in the eastern Paris Basin (France)
Authors: Blaise Thomas , Ali Khoudja Sid Ahmed , Carpentier Cédric , Brigaud Benjamin , Missenard Yves , Mangenot Xavier , Boulvais Philippe , Landrein Philippe , Cochard Jean 
Published: October 2022

AbstractJurassic carbonate strata in the eastern Paris Basin exhibit several generations of faults, tension gashes and stylolites. Although their relative chronology can sometimes be determined according to cross-cutting relationships, the duration of major deformation phases and their influence on fluid flow and carbonate cementation are still uncertain. This contribution aims to clarify the timing of brittle deformation and associated calcite cementation. Tension gashes filled by calcite in Jurassic carbonates were sampled in outcrops and boreholes and dated through U–Pb geochronology. Almost all the sampled fractures were cemented during the Cenozoic period. Continuous deformation spread from c. 50 to 30 Ma. Tension gashes oriented N10° to N20° dated at 48–43 Ma show the main Pyrenean contractional stage. A second set of calcites were dated at c. 35–33 Ma and document a Late Eocene – Oligocene extension. A transition from the compressional to the extensional regime is expressed by tension gashes dated between 43 and 35 Ma. Finally, tension gashes oriented N150° to N175°, dated between 32 and 18 Ma, may result from the propagation of the horizontal stress generated by the Alpine orogen or by late Pyrenean deformation. Clumped isotope thermometry on five samples revealed both low crystallization temperatures (from 27 to 53 °C) and the meteoric origin of calcite-precipitating fluids. Our research therefore documents a continuous fracturing from Ypresian to Rupelian times, and less expressed brittle deformation during the Miocene period.
Infant baptism and the disposition to saving faith
Authors: Crisp Oliver D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReformed accounts of infant baptism are usually covenantal and promissory in nature. They are about bringing the child into the ambit of the visible church in the hope the infant will own the faith upon reaching the age of reason. This paper sets out an alternative Reformed account of baptism, drawing on the Scottish confessional tradition. On this account, infants have a disposition to faith conveyed to them in baptism that will in due course become dispositional faith exercised in saving faith. Thus, baptism involves regeneration – or something close to it.
Network analysis for modeling complex systems in SLA research
Authors: Freeborn Lani , Andringa Sible , Lunansky Gabriela , Rispens Judith 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNetwork analysis is a method used to explore the structural relationships between people or organizations, and more recently between psychological constructs. Network analysis is a novel technique that can be used to model psychological constructs that influence language learning as complex systems, with longitudinal data, or cross-sectional data. The majority of complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) research in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) to date has been time-intensive, with a focus on analyzing intraindividual variation with dense longitudinal data collection. The question of how to model systems from a structural perspective using relation-intensive methods is an underexplored dimension of CDST research in applied linguistics. To expand our research agenda, we highlight the potential that psychological networks have for studying individual differences in language learning. We provide two empirical examples of network models using cross-sectional datasets that are publicly available online. We believe that this methodology can complement time-intensive approaches and that it has the potential to contribute to the development of new dimensions of CDST research in applied linguistics.
Predicting suitable habitat for the endangered plant Cephalotaxus oliveri Mast. in China
Authors: Xie Chunping , Huang Boyang , Jim CY , Liu Dawei , Liu Chang , Zhu Zhenxiang 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe coniferous shrub Oliver’s plum yew (Cephalotaxus oliveri) is endemic to southern China with potential medicinal use for cancer treatment and ecological value in sustaining China’s threatened subtropical forest ecosystems. Comprehensive understanding of the current spatial patterns of this vulnerable species vis-à-vis climatic conditions is crucial for its sustained economic use and conservation. Based on 100 reliable occurrence records and nine environmental variables, MaxEnt and QGIS programs were used to predict the potential geographical distribution of C. oliveri in China. Combined with percentage contribution and permutation importance, the jackknife statistical method was used to test and evaluate pertinent factors restricting the potential distribution of C. oliveri. The response curves of critical bioclimatic factors were employed to determine the potential species range. The current core potential distribution areas were concentrated in China’s central and south-west regions. Temperature was identified as the crucial determinant of species distribution patterns, particularly the mean temperature of the coldest quarter. Precipitation was a necessary but not critical secondary factor. These findings should inform the ex situ conservation and cultivation of C. oliveri in China and its introduction to other parts of the world for similar purposes.
Effectiveness of caregiver-mediated intervention: a pilot study for children with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Ge Dongmei , Wei Hua , Wang Yue , Li Yan , Luo Jinmei , Liu Xiao , Hu Yan , Chen Li , Cheng Qian , Li Tingyu , Dai Ying 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
Caregiver-mediated intervention (CMI), based on parent skills training, is a family-mediated intervention model for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, in particular autism spectrum disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CMI.

Methods:
Thirty-three children (aged 22–69 months from our department) and their caregivers participated in a two-week training course of ten 90-minute lessons. Caregivers were encouraged to try their best to apply intervention skills in both home routines and play routines to encourage the development of cognition, motion, social adaptability, and behavior of children. Demographic information, video-recorded data, and diagnostic scales were collected at two key time points: baseline and post-training (PT – within six months).

Results:
Three aspects were assessed – primary variables, secondary variables, and correlation analyses. Results showed an improvement in PT in (1) Adult/Child Interaction Fidelity Rating (P < 0.01) and (2) adaptability of Gesell Developmental Scale and stereotyped behaviors and limited interests of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Moreover, a negative correlation occurred between caregiver skill improvement and parent education (P < 0.05), but without correlations with other demographics.

Conclusions:
As an efficacious family intervention for both children and their caregivers, CMI is worth being generalized widely.
Bushfire‐Induced Water Balance Changes Detected by a Modified Paired Catchment Method
Authors: Xu Zhenwu , Zhang Yongqiang , Zhang Xuanze , Ma Ning , Tian Jing , Kong Dongdong , Post David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile bushfires are often regarded as a vital trigger that alters the partitioning of hydrological fluxes, their role in water balance changes remains poorly quantified, especially in regions where the impacts of frequent bushfires and climate variability overlap. Here, we estimated the fire‐induced water balance changes based on a modified paired catchment method that considers the partial effect of annual precipitation differences. In the application for eight forested catchments impacted by the 2009 Victorian Bushfires with multiple burned areas (12%–89%), we found that evapotranspiration declined by 33 ± 20 mm yr−1 (mean ± standard deviation) and streamflow increased by 68 ± 32 mm yr−1 during the post‐fire decade. For the interannual changes within this decade, the decline in evapotranspiration due to fires gradually recovered after the first year since bushfires, while the increase in streamflow mostly peaked in the second or third year and diminished in subsequent years. We surmised that such asynchronous responses of the two fluxes to bushfires occurred with the initial increase and the later decrease in terrestrial water storage. Averaged for the post‐fire decade, there seems to be an overall decline in terrestrial water storage for burned catchments relative to unburned catchments.
Interdecadal to Multidecadal Variability of East Asian Summer Monsoon Over the Past Half Millennium
Authors: Shi Feng , Goosse Hugues , Li Jianping , Yin Qiuzhen , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Lian Tao , Sun Cheng , Wang Lin , Wu Zhiwei , Li Juan , Zhao Sen , Xu Chenxi , Liu Wei , Liu Ting , Nakatsuka Takeshi , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) plays a crucial role for ecosystems and societies in East Asia past, present, and future. However, substantial uncertainties remain regarding EASM variability on interdecadal to multidecadal timescales because of the short length of instrumental data in East Asia. This study extended the EASM circulation index in the modern meteorological studies to the paleoclimate over the past half‐millennium (1470–1998 CE) to reconcile the understanding of the EASM variability in paleoclimate and modern meteorological studies. The EASM index is reconstructed based on the common signal from the three main types of the proxy records (the tree rings, speleothems, and historical documentary data) related to EASM. The reconstructed EASM index captures the simultaneous changes of the “Meiyu precipitation” and the southwesterly anomalies in South China on interdecadal to multidecadal timescales, which is a dynamic pattern visible and well‐documented in the modern meteorology. Analysis of the reconstructed EASM index suggests that the interdecadal to multidecadal EASM variability is closely associated with the Pacific‐Japan teleconnection pattern, which acts as a bridge between the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the western North Pacific. It also indicates that the EASM variability over the recent 30 years (1992–2021 CE) falls within the range of natural variability over the past half‐millennium.
Fingerprints of Frontal Passages and Post‐Depositional Effects in the Stable Water Isotope Signal of Seasonal Alpine Snow
Authors: Aemisegger F. , Trachsel J. , Sadowski Y. , Eichler A. , Lehning M. , Avak S. , Schneebeli M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStable water isotopes are used as a paleothermometer in ice cores for climate reconstructions over the past millennia. The underlying physical processes involved in the isotope‐temperature relation, however, unfold at much shorter timescales. Here, we study the temporary archival of frontal passages in the seasonal Alpine snow cover. We combine five snow profiles sampled in winter 2017 at the Weissfluhjoch with a quantitative snow layer age reconstruction and atmospheric reanalysis data to characterize the circulation and clouds associated with the precipitation producing synoptic‐scale cold and warm fronts. We find that the vertical cloud structure and the air parcels' net cooling during transport leave a distinct imprint in theδ18O andδD vertical profile in the snow. The near‐surface humidity gradient at the moisture source is reflected in the second order isotope parameter deuterium excess. In the cold season, these environmental conditions during cloud formation and at the moisture source are preserved in the snow. In the melt season, significant post‐depositional effects due to wet snow metamorphism, however, leads to an enrichment in heavy isotopes in the snow and a strong smoothing of the initial atmospheric imprint. These findings show that the isotope signal archived in the dry snow cover is strongly modulated by individual weather systems prior to deposition. Major shifts in the upper‐level jet stream and cyclone tracks likely leading to changes in moisture source regions and conditions, could therefore be detectable in the isotope composition of Alpine ice.