bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigative and Charging Considerations for International Crimes Targeting Individuals on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Authors: Leddy Nicholas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
International crimes targeting persons based on their sexual orientation and gender identity have been documented since at least the Nazi persecution and murder of LGBTIQ+ persons in World War II, and continue in modern campaigns by ISIS in Iraq, among other places. Yet few, if any, perpetrators have ever been held accountable for such crimes, and there remains a dearth of specialized practical guidance for investigators or prosecutors. Attempting to fill this gap in scholarship and practice, this article outlines the legal basis for possible crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) as well as investigative and prosecutorial guidelines for them. First, it demonstrates how gender persecution in the Rome Statute includes persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity, as found in a recent case at the Colombian Special Jurisdiction for Peace (‘Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz’ or JEP). Drawing on recent ICC cases from Mali and Sudan, as well as preliminary examinations conducted in Afghanistan and Nigeria, this article further explains how the social construction of gender underpins gender persecution in the ICC system. Second, this article outlines additional avenues under the Rome Statute for accountability for violence against LGBTIQ+ persons, including the war crime of torture, or as demonstrated in the Myanmar/Bangladesh situation, to prove contextual elements of crimes against humanity. Finally, this article offers concrete recommendations for investigators and prosecutors examining these international crimes, using an intersectional, gender-competent and trauma-informed lens to better understand and address victims’ trauma, to present their evidence effectively in court, and to obtain the most complete, truthful and coherent account of events possible. It concludes that there are multiple avenues through which such evidence can be investigated and elicited in court, and encourages practitioners to do so when possible to document and honour the particularized harm this group experiences.
Seasonal droughts drive up carbon gain in a subtropical forest
Authors: Njoroge Brian , Li Yuelin , Otieno Dennis , Liu Shizhong , Wei Simin , Meng Ze , Zhang Qianmei , Zhang Deqiang , Liu Juxiu , Chu Guowei , Haider Fasih Ullah , Tenhunen John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to show that droughts are increasing in frequency and intensity in the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve and to illustrate the effects of seasonal droughts on carbon gain in a subtropical forest. This is in response to the threat posed by increased droughts due to global climate change. We used four drought indices to accurately determine periods of drought and periods of increased precipitation. Thereafter, the measured eddy flux and soil moisture content data collected from 2003 to 2014 were compared between the droughts and wet periods to determine drought impacts on the ecosystem carbon gain. Drought accounted for about 20% of the 12-year study period, with the highest drought events and severity occurring between 2012 and 2013. The average annual precipitation and air temperature during the study period were 1404.57 ± 43.2 mm and 22.65 ± 0.1 °C, respectively, showing a decrease of 523 mm in precipitation and an increase of 2.55 °C in temperature, compared with the 30-year records (1990–2020). Contrary to most published data for most forest ecosystems globally, Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve recorded significant carbon gain during 60% of the drought period.
Rotavirus Vaccine Impact Within an Integrated Healthcare Delivery System in the United States
Authors: Burke Rachel M , Tate Jacqueline E , Groom Holly , Parashar Umesh D , Mattison Claire P , Donald Judy , Salas S Bianca , Naleway Allison L , Lee Mi H , Dickerson John F , Biggs Christianne , Tsaknaridis Laura , Bowen Michael D , Schmidt Mark , Hall Aron J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We assessed rotavirus vaccine impact using data on acute gastroenteritis (AGE) encounters within an integrated healthcare delivery system during 2000–2018. Following rotavirus vaccine introduction, all-cause AGE rates among children &lt;5 years declined by 36% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32%–40%) for outpatient and 54% (95% CI: 46%–60%) for inpatient encounters.
Modelling self-interacting dark matter substructures – I. Calibration with N-body simulations of a Milky-Way-sized halo and its satellite
Authors: Shirasaki Masato , Okamoto Takashi , Ando Shin’ichiro 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We study evolution of single subhaloes with their masses of ∼109 M⊙ in a Milky Way-sized host halo for self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) models. We perform dark-matter-only N-body simulations of dynamical evolution of individual subhaloes orbiting its host by varying self-scattering cross-sections (including a velocity-dependent scenario), subhalo orbits, and internal properties of the subhalo. We calibrate a gravothermal fluid model to predict time evolution in spherical mass density profiles of isolated SIDM haloes with the simulations. We find that tidal effects of SIDM subhaloes can be described with a framework developed for the case of collision-less cold dark matter (CDM), but a shorter typical time-scale for the mass loss due to tidal stripping is required to explain our SIDM simulation results. As long as the cross-section is less than $\sim \! 10\, \mathrm{cm}^2\,\mathrm{g}^{ -1}$ and initial states of subhaloes are set within a 2σ-level scatter at redshifts of ∼2 predicted by the standard ΛCDM cosmology, our simulations do not exhibit a prominent feature of gravothermal collapse in the subhalo central density for 10 Gyr. We develop a semi-analytic model of SIDM subhaloes in a time-evolving density core of the host with tidal stripping and self-scattering ram pressure effects. Our semi-analytic approach provides a simple, efficient, and physically intuitive prediction of SIDM subhaloes, but further improvements are needed to account for baryonic effects in the host and the gravothermal instability accelerated by tidal stripping effects.
Is histopathological synovitis score a predictor of postoperative requirement for additional or alternative drug treatment in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Koyama Kensuke , Wako Masanori , Ohba Tetsuro , Nakagomi Daiki , Koizumi Ryousuke , Haro Hirotaka 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Histopathological synovitis scoring is useful for assessing activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at sampling, but it is unclear whether it can be a predictor of future drug treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine whether histopathological synovitis score is a predictor of postoperative requirement for additional or alternative drug treatment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods
Thirty patients with RA in whom synovial samples were obtained during TKA were included. Patients were divided into the drug treatment enhanced group (EG), which included patients who needed additional or alternative drug treatment within 1 year after TKA, and the drug treatment maintenance group (MG). The Rooney synovitis score (RSS) was compared between groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify prognostic factors for postoperative drug treatment change.

Results
The total RSS was significantly higher in the EG than in the MG (29.3 vs 15.1; P &lt; .001). Multivariate analysis showed that total RSS and swollen joint counts were independent variable associated with postoperative requirement for additional or alternative drug treatment (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Histopathological synovitis scoring may predict requirement for additional or alternative drug treatment in patients with RA after TKA.
Cardiomyopathy following COVID-19 vaccination in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Bhullar Avreena Kaur , Chew Zhi Chee , Ong Ping Seung , Khor Chiew Gek , Mohd Amin Nor Hanim 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
There are an increasing number of reports of myocarditis associated with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. We describe the case of a female patient with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus, who developed heart failure symptoms following a second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Despite her history of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, the disease remained stable after she began rituximab treatment. She underwent serial transthoracic echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of cardiomyopathy. She showed improvement in cardiac function after treatment with glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.
Feasibility of At-Home Virological and Serological Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Children
Authors: Ahmed Amina , Rossman Whitney , Lu Lauren C , Dunn Connell O , Harris Anna M , Priem Jennifer S , Hetherington Timothy C , Porzucek Abigail J , Mores Christopher N , Castri Paola , Lagarde William H , Dantuluri Keerti L ,   for the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Longitudinal virological and serological surveillance is essential for understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) transmission among children but requires increased test capacity. We assessed the uptake of serial at-home testing in children (2–17 years) via mailed SARS-CoV-2 antibody and molecular tests. Completion rates demonstrated the feasibility and sustainability of at-home testing across age groups.
Connecting intercity mobility with urban welfare
Authors: Mimar Sayat , Soriano-Paños David , Kirkley Alec , Barbosa Hugo , Sadilek Adam , Arenas Alex , Gómez-Gardeñes Jesus , Ghoshal Gourab 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile significant effort has been devoted to understand the role of intraurban characteristics on sustainability and growth, much remains to be understood about the effect of interurban interactions and the role cities have in determining each other’s urban welfare. Here we consider a global mobility network of population flows between cities as a proxy for the communication between these regions, and analyze how it correlates with socioeconomic indicators. We use several measures of centrality to rank cities according to their importance in the mobility network, finding PageRank to be the most effective measure for reflecting these prosperity indicators. Our analysis reveals that the characterization of the welfare of cities based on mobility information hinges on their corresponding development stage. Namely, while network-based predictions of welfare correlate well with economic indicators in mature cities, for developing urban areas additional information about the prosperity of their mobility neighborhood is needed. We develop a simple generative model for the allocation of population flows out of a city that balances the costs and benefits of interaction with other cities that are successful, finding that it provides a strong fit to the flows observed in the global mobility network and highlights the differences in flow patterns between developed and developing urban regions. Our results hint towards the importance of leveraging interurban connections in service of urban development and welfare.
Financial Intermediation, Capital Accumulation, and Crisis Recovery
Authors: Gersbach Hans , Rochet Jean-Charles , Scheffel Martin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We integrate bank and bond financing into a two-sector neoclassical growth model and identify an automatic stabilization effect due to endogenous bank leverage adjustment. We show that although bank leverage amplifies shocks, the increase of leverage due to a decline in bank equity partially offsets the post crisis decline of bank lending and accelerates economic recovery by reducing the persistence of the bank lending channel. In this case, endogenous leverage adjustment is an automatic stabilizer. Regulatory state-independent capital limits and wage rigidities impair the re-allocation of capital between sectors and weaken this automatic stabilization. A quantitative analysis of the US during the Great Recession shows that the magnitude of automatic stabilization can be significant and informs about potentially high costs of strict capital regulation or wage rigidities during banking crises.
Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and next day subjective sleepiness in a large group of women
Authors: Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Schwarz Johanna , Lindberg Eva , Theorell-Haglöw Jenny 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe relationship between sleep duration and sleepiness has seen much research, but no data are available on the association between polysomnographically (PSG) determined total sleep time (TST) (or other PSG variables) and subjective sleepiness during the subsequent day in individuals in their habitual life situation. The purpose of the present study was to study the association between TST and sleep efficiency (SE) (and other PSG variables) and next-day sleepiness at 7 times of the day. A large population-based group of women (N = 400) participated. Daytime sleepiness was measured with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). The association was studied through analysis of variance (ANOVA), as well as regression analyses. For SE there was a significant difference in sleepiness across groups with &gt;90%, 80%–89.99%, and &lt;80% SE (F = 7.2, p &lt; .001, eta2 = 0.04), with lowest sleepiness in the first group. In contrast, TST groups of &lt;6 h, 6–6.99 h, and ≥7 h did not differ significantly. In addition, a pronounced U-shape (eta2 &gt; 0.45) was seen for both analyses, with maximum sleepiness at bedtime (≈ 7.5 KSS units). A multiple regression analysis, including all PSG variables (adjusted for age and BMI), showed that SE was a significant predictor (β = 0.16, p &lt; .05) of mean sleepiness, even after depression, anxiety, and subjective sleep duration were entered, but this was eliminated by subjective sleep quality. It was concluded that high SE is modestly associated with lower next-day sleepiness in women in a real-life context, but that TST is not.
Relationship between time in range and corneal nerve fiber loss in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhao Weijing , Lu Jingyi , Zhang Lei , Lu Wei , Zhu Wei , Bao Yuqian , Zhou Jian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a noninvasive technique to detect early nerve damage of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). Time in range (TIR) is an emerging metric of glycemic control which was reported to be associated with diabetic complications. We sought to explore the relationship between TIR and corneal nerve parameters in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 206 asymptomatic inpatients with T2DM were recruited. After 7 days of continuous glucose monitoring, the TIR was calculated as the percentage of time in the glucose range of 3.9 to 10.0 mmol/L. CCM was performed to determine corneal nerve fiber density, corneal nerve branch density, and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL). Abnormal CNFL was defined as ≤15.30 mm/mm2.

Results:
Abnormal CNFL was found in 30.6% (63/206) of asymptomatic subjects. Linear regression analyses revealed that TIR was positively correlated with CCM parameters both in the crude and adjusted models (all P
< 0.05). Each 10% increase in TIR was associated with a 28.2% (95% CI: 0.595–0.866, P = 0.001) decreased risk of abnormal CNFL after adjusting for covariates. With the increase of TIR quartiles, corneal nerve fiber parameters increased significantly (all P for trend <0.01). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the optimal cutoff point of TIR was 77.5% for predicting abnormal CNFL in asymptomatic patients.

Conclusions:
There is a significant independent correlation between TIR and corneal nerve fiber loss in asymptomatic T2DM patients. TIR may be a useful surrogate marker for early diagnosis of DSPN.
Estimating global prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease from 2000 to 2021: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jiaye , Tian Ye , Fu Xia , Mu Chunyang , Yao Menglin , Ni Yinyun , Liu Yong , Li Zhihui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
The increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide imposes an emerging public health issue. We perform the current study to estimate the global prevalence, incidence, disease progression, and clinical outcomes of NAFLD.

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted in five databases that screened articles in English language published from January 2000 to December 2021. NAFLD prevalence, incidence, rate of disease progression, and outcomes were calculated with the DerSimonian-Laird random effects model with arcsine transformation.

Results:
Our search identified 59,156 records, of which 578 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 29.38% (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.09–30.69) regardless of the diagnostic techniques. Looking at the group in which the diagnosis was made by ultrasound exclusively, the pooled prevalence was 30.49% (95% CI 29.55–31.43). NAFLD has become more prevalent during the year 2011–2021 (31.63%, 95% CI 30.23–33.04) compared with year 2000–2010 (27.94%, 95% CI 26.23–29.69). The pooled estimation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis prevalence was 8.26% (95% CI 1.13–21.01), 46.49% (95% CI 35.93–57.20), and 46.72% (95% CI 37.57–55.98) in general population, NAFLD patients, and severe/morbidly obese patients, respectively. Based on a total of 110,142 newly developed NAFLD patients, the pooled incident rate was estimated as 46.24 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 43.21–49.30). In patients with NAFLD, the incident rate of hepatocellular carcinoma was 1.46 (95% CI 0.90–2.03) cases per 1000 person-years. The overall pooled estimate of NAFLD related mortality was 23.91 (95% CI 13.55–37.18) death per 1000 person-years.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing globally. It is contributing to poor clinical outcomes including hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Rising awareness and urgent actions are warranted to control the NAFLD pandemic across the globe.
Association of Measured Quality and Future Financial Performance Among Hospitals Performing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Enumah Samuel J. , Sundt Thoralf M. , Chang David C. 
Published: September 2022

Goal:
For decades, hospitals performing cardiac surgery have carried the cost of implementing quality improvement activities and reporting quality outcomes. However, the financial return of such investments is unclear, which weakens the incentive for hospitals to invest in quality improvement activities. This study explored the relationship between a hospital's measured quality and its financial performance.

Methods:
Using data from the American Hospital Association and Hospital Compare from 2014 to 2018, we performed an observational study of hospitals performing cardiac surgery. We used mixed-effects regression models with fixed-year effects and random intercepts to explore associations between measured quality and hospital financial performance. Our dependent variables were margins (profit divided by revenue) and financial distress; our independent variables included Patient Safety Indicator 90 (PSI-90) and hospital characteristics.

Principal Findings:
Our sample included 4,927 hospital-years from 1,209 unique hospitals. Hospitals in the worst-performing PSI-90 score quartile experienced a lower operating margin (−1.26%, 95% CI [−2.10 to −0.41], p = .004), a lower total margin (−0.92%, 95% CI [−1.66 to −0.17], p = .016), and an increased odds of financial distress in the next year (OR: 2.12, 95% CI [1.36–3.30], p = .001) when compared with the best-performing hospitals.

Practical Applications:
Our exploration into financial distress provides managers with a better understanding of the relationship between a hospital's measured quality and its financial position. In reflecting on our findings, hospital leaders may consider viewing patient safety as a modifiable factor that can improve their organization's overall financial health. Our findings suggest that excellent safety performance may be both financially and clinically beneficial to hospitals.
Mitigating Moral Distress in Leaders of Healthcare Organizations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hertelendy Attila J. , Gutberg Jennifer , Mitchell Cheryl , Gustavsson Martina , Rapp Devin , Mayo Michael , von Schreeb Johan 
Published: September 2022

Goal:
Moral distress literature is firmly rooted in the nursing and clinician experience, with a paucity of literature that considers the extent to which moral distress affects clinical and administrative healthcare leaders. Moreover, the little evidence that has been collected on this phenomenon has not been systematically mapped to identify key areas for both theoretical and practical elaboration. We conducted a scoping review to frame our understanding of this largely unexplored dynamic of moral distress and better situate our existing knowledge of moral distress and leadership.

Methods:
Using moral distress theory as our conceptual framework, we evaluated recent literature on moral distress and leadership to understand how prior studies have conceptualized the effects of moral distress. Our search yielded 1,640 total abstracts. Further screening with the PRISMA process resulted in 72 included articles.

Principal Findings:
Our scoping review found that leaders—not just their employees— personally experience moral distress. In addition, we identified an important role for leaders and organizations in addressing the theoretical conceptualization and practical effects of moral distress.

Practical Applications:
Although moral distress is unlikely to ever be eliminated, the literature in this review points to a singular need for organizational responses that are intended to intervene at the level of the organization itself, not just at the individual level. Best practices require creating stronger organizational cultures that are designed to mitigate moral distress. This can be achieved through transparency and alignment of personal, professional, and organizational values.
Mental Health Among Firefighters
Authors: DeMoulin Doug , Jacobs Samuel , Nam Yoon-Sung , Harding Alyson B. , Moskowitz Adam F. , Shi Yihe , Kim Hyun 
Published: September 2022

Background
Firefighters are at high-risk of mental health. This study qualitatively assessed the pathways toward mental health in firefighters.

Methods
A two-phased assessment was conducted incorporating in-depth interviews (n = 52) and 10 focus group discussions (n = 82) with firefighters. Thematic analysis was used to develop codes and themes that informed the development of a conceptual model.

Results
Firefighters recognized personalizing events by relating calls to their personal lives or prior life experiences as the main risk factor. Department debriefing with fire chiefs or leadership after traumatic events was reported as the primary coping strategy firefighters found most effective. Stigma and lack of medical professionals understanding the firefighter culture were identified as barriers for accessing mental health services or their effectiveness.

Discussion
Pathways toward mental health in firefighters were identified that could be used to improve current strategies to protect their well-being.