bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bubble velocimetry using the conventional and CNN-based optical flow algorithms
Authors: Choi Daehyun , Kim Hyunseok , Park Hyungmin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present study, we introduce new bubble velocimetry methods based on the optical flow, which were validated (compared) with the conventional particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) for various gas–liquid two-phase flows. For the optical flow algorithms, the convolutional neural network (CNN)-based models as well as the original schemes like the Lucas-Kanade and Farnebäck methods are considered. In particular, the CNN-based method was re-trained (fine-tuned) using the synthetic bubble images produced by varying the density, diameter, and velocity distribution. While all models accurately measured the unsteady velocities of a single bubble rising with a lateral oscillation, the pre-trained CNN-based method showed the discrepancy in the averaged velocities in both directions for the dilute bubble plume. In terms of the fluctuating velocity components, the fine-tuned CNN-based model produced the closest results to that from PTV, while the conventional optical flow methods under- or over-estimated them owing to the intensity assumption. When the void fraction increases much higher (e.g., over 10%) in the bubble plume, the PTV failed to evaluate the bubble velocities because of the overlapped bubble images and significant bubble deformation, which is clearly overcome by the optical flow bubble velocimetry. This is quite encouraging in experimentally investigating the gas–liquid two-phase flows of a high void fraction. Furthermore, the fine-tuned CNN-based model captures the individual motion of overlapped bubbles most faithfully while saving the computing time, compared to the Farnebäck method.
Effects of human adipose tissue- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma
Authors: Choi Joon Young , Hur Jung , Jeon Sora , Jung Chan Kwon , Rhee Chin Kook 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is challenging to overcome difficult-to-treat asthma, and cell-based therapies are attracting increasing interest. We assessed the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatments using a murine model of chronic ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged asthma. We developed a murine model of chronic allergic asthma using OVA sensitization and challenge. Human adipose-derived MSCs (hADSCs) or human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBMSCs) were administered. We measured the levels of resistin-like molecule-β (RELM-β). We also measured RELM-β in asthma patients and normal controls. OVA-challenged mice exhibited increased airway hyper-responsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling. hBMSC treatment remarkably decreased airway hyper-responsiveness but hADSC treatment did not. Both MSCs alleviated airway inflammation, but hBMSCs tended to have a more significant effect. hBMSC treatment reduced Th2-cytokine levels but hADSC treatment did not. Both treatments reduced airway remodeling. The RELM-β level decreased in the OVA-challenged control group, but increased in both treatment groups. We found that the serum level of RELM-β was lower in asthma patients than controls. MSC treatments alleviated the airway inflammation, hyper-responsiveness, and remodeling associated with chronic asthma. hBMSCs were more effective than hADSCs. The RELM-β levels increased in both treatment groups; the RELM-β level may serve as a biomarker of MSC treatment efficacy.
Border tissue morphology is associated with the pattern of visual field progression in open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Kee Hyun Joo , Han Jong Chul , Song Eui Do , Choi Eui Jun , Son Dong Ook , Lee Eun Jung , Jang Yoon Kyoung , Kee Changwon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe etiology of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is yet unclear. This study investigated possible risk factors, such as the morphology of the border tissue that affect the pattern of visual field (VF) progression in eyes with OAG. 166 eyes of 166 OAG patients with an externally oblique border tissue (EOBT) at least in one direction were included. EOBT was obtained by analyzing enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images. A pointwise linear regression was used to determine VF progression by measuring the deterioration rate of each point in the VF. The odds ratio of VF progression for each risk factor was estimated using logistic regression analysis. Seventy (42.2%) eyes showed VF deterioration. In multivariate analysis, longer follow-up period, higher baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), lower mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP), and smaller angular location of the longest EOBT were associated with VF progression (all p values were below 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, the location of the longest EOBT was significantly associated with inferior (p = 0.002) and central (p = 0.017) VF progression. In conclusion, VF progression pattern in OAG eyes is associated with the location of the longest EOBT as well as other known risk factors.
Effects of extraction methods for a new source of biostimulant from Sargassum horneri on the growth of economically important red algae, Neopyropia yezoensis
Authors: Han Sol , Park Ji-Sook , Umanzor Schery , Yarish Charles , Kim Jang K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSargassum horneri is a major bloom forming species in Korea and China. It is important to find a way to utilize the huge biomass of Sargassum horneri in the region. Seaweed-derived biostimulants are primarily derived from brown algae and are known to improve terrestrial crop growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Neopyropia yezoensis is the most important seaweed cultured species in Korea, and research is required to increase heat resistance as a solution against climate change. In this study, various extraction methods were used to obtain Sargassum horneri extract, and it was applied to Neopyropia yezoensis to evaluate the effect on physiological activity. Metabolites of Sargassum horneri were extracted by using four different methods: boiling (SBE), soaking (SSE), autoclaving (SAE) and ethanol (SEE). The SBE, SSE and SAE derived extracts showed increased tolerance to high-temperature stress that had inhibited the growth of Neopyropia yezoensis, and show improved growth compared to the control group. The SBE and SSE extraction methods improved the content of phycobiliprotein, but also the SBE increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Based on the results of this study, the boiling extraction method appears to be the most suitable method for the extraction of plants stimulants from Sargassum horneri.
A survey on computational spectral reconstruction methods from RGB to hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Zhang Jingang , Su Runmu , Fu Qiang , Ren Wenqi , Heide Felix , Nie Yunfeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHyperspectral imaging enables many versatile applications for its competence in capturing abundant spatial and spectral information, which is crucial for identifying substances. However, the devices for acquiring hyperspectral images are typically expensive and very complicated, hindering the promotion of their application in consumer electronics, such as daily food inspection and point-of-care medical screening, etc. Recently, many computational spectral imaging methods have been proposed by directly reconstructing the hyperspectral information from widely available RGB images. These reconstruction methods can exclude the usage of burdensome spectral camera hardware while keeping a high spectral resolution and imaging performance. We present a thorough investigation of more than 25 state-of-the-art spectral reconstruction methods which are categorized as prior-based and data-driven methods. Simulations on open-source datasets show that prior-based methods are more suitable for rare data situations, while data-driven methods can unleash the full potential of deep learning in big data cases. We have identified current challenges faced by those methods (e.g., loss function, spectral accuracy, data generalization) and summarized a few trends for future work. With the rapid expansion in datasets and the advent of more advanced neural networks, learnable methods with fine feature representation abilities are very promising. This comprehensive review can serve as a fruitful reference source for peer researchers, thus paving the way for the development of computational hyperspectral imaging.
DNA methylation profile in beef cattle is influenced by additive genetics and age
Authors: Ribeiro André Mauric F. , Sanglard Leticia P. , Wijesena Hiruni R. , Ciobanu Daniel C. , Horvath Steve , Spangler Matthew L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDNA methylation (DNAm) has been considered a promising indicator of biological age in mammals and could be useful to increase the accuracy of phenotypic prediction in livestock. The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritability and age effects of site-specific DNAm (DNAm level) and cumulative DNAm across all sites (DNAm load) in beef cattle. Blood samples were collected from cows ranging from 217 to 3,192 days (0.6 to 8.7 years) of age (n = 136). All animals were genotyped, and DNAm was obtained using the Infinium array HorvathMammalMethylChip40. Genetic parameters for DNAm were obtained from an animal model based on the genomic relationship matrix, including the fixed effects of age and breed composition. Heritability estimates of DNAm levels ranged from 0.18 to 0.72, with a similar average across all regions and chromosomes. Heritability estimate of DNAm load was 0.45. The average age effect on DNAm level varied among genomic regions. The DNAm level across the genome increased with age in the promoter and 5′ UTR and decreased in the exonic, intronic, 3′ UTR, and intergenic regions. In addition, DNAm level increased with age in regions enriched in CpG and decreased in regions deficient in CpG. Results suggest DNAm profiles are influenced by both genetics and the environmental effect of age in beef cattle.
Protective effects of statins on COVID-19 risk, severity and fatal outcome: a nationwide Swedish cohort study
Authors: Santosa Ailiana , Franzén Stefan , Nåtman Jonatan , Wettermark Björn , Parmryd Ingela , Nyberg Fredrik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe impact of statins on COVID-19 remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether statin exposure assessed both in the population and in well-defined cohorts of COVID-19 patients may affect the risk and severity of COVID-19 using nationwide Swedish population-based register data. A population ≥ 40 years was selected by age/sex-stratified random sampling from the Swedish population on 1 Jan 2020. COVID-19 outcomes were identified from the SmiNet database, the National Patient Register and/or Cause-of-Death Register and linked with the National Prescribed Drug Register and sociodemographic registers. Statin exposure was defined as any statin prescriptions in the year before index date. In Cox regressions, confounding was addressed using propensity score ATT (Average Treatment effect in the Treated) weighting. Of 572,695 individuals in the overall cohort, 22.3% had prior statin treatment. After ATT weighting, protective effects were observed among statin user for hospitalization and COVID-19 death in the overall cohort and onset cohort. In the hospitalized cohort, statin use was only associated with lower risk for death (HR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.95), but not ICU admission. Statin-treated individuals appear to have lower COVID-19 mortality than nonusers, whether assessed in the general population, from COVID-19 onset or from hospitalization.
Lanthanoid-containing polyoxometalate nanocatalysts in the synthesis of bioactive isatin-based compounds
Authors: Daraie Mansoureh , Mirzaei Masoud , Bazargan Maryam , Amiri Vadjiheh Sadat , Sanati Bita Abdolahi , Heravi Majid M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLanthanoid-containing polyoxometalates (Ln-POMs) have been developed as effective and robust catalysts due to their Lewis acid–base active sites including the oxygen-enriched surfaces of POM and the unique 4f. electron configuration of Ln. As an extension of our interest in Ln-POMs, a series of as-synthesized nanocatalysts K15[Ln(BW11O39)2] (Ln-B2W22, Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, and Er) synthesized and fully characterized using different techniques. The Ln3+ ion with a big ionic radius was chosen as the Lewis acid center which is sandwiched by two mono-lacunary Keggin [BW11O39]9− units to form Ln-containing sandwiched type cluster. Consequently, the catalytic activity of nanocatalysts with different Ln was examined in the synthesis of bioactive isatin derivatives and compared under the same optimized reaction conditions in terms of yields of obtained products, indicating the superiority of the nano-Gd-B2W22 in the aforementioned simple one-pot reaction. The effects of different dosages of nanocatalyst, type of solvent, reaction time, and reaction temperature in this catalytic system were investigated and the best results were obtained in the presence of 10 mol% of nano-Gd-B2W22 in water for 12 min at the reflux condition.
Photoelectrochemical performance of ligand-free CsPb2Br5 perovskites
Authors: Xu Luyao , Yang Yu , Wu Weihua , Wei Chaoguo , Luo Guanying , Huang Zhongnan , Chen Wei , Peng Huaping 
Published: July 2022

A pure aqueous synthesis strategy for ligand-free CsPb2Br5 nanoplatelets and pure-phase single crystal is reported. The CsPb2Br5 perovskite displays excellent photoelectrochemical activity in the absence of other electron acceptors.
Occurrence, genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis sp. in forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in Southwest China
Authors: Chen Shanyu , Meng Wanyu , Shi Xianpeng , Chai Yijun , Zhou Ziyao , Liu Haifeng , Zhong Zhijun , Fu Hualin , Cao Suizhong , Ma Xiaoping , Shen Liuhong , Deng Lei , Peng Guangneng 
Published: July 2022

Blastocystis sp. is a common anaerobic protist with controversial pathogenicity that can infect various animals and humans. However, there are no reports of Blastocystis sp. infections in forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii). The present study was designed to examine the occurrence, subtype distribution and genetic characterization of Blastocystis sp. in forest musk deer in southwestern China, and to assess the potential for zoonotic transmission. A total of 504 fresh stool samples were collected from captive forest musk deer in four distinct areas of southwestern China. Overall, 14.7% of the forest musk deer (74/504) were found to be infected with Blastocystis sp. The highest occurrence of Blastocystis sp. was observed in Dujiangyan (27.5%), followed by Maerkang (23.3%). The occurrence of Blastocystis sp. was 7.9% and 4.1% in Shimian and Hanyuan, respectively. Significant differences in the occurrence of Blastocystis sp. among different areas were observed (p < 0.05), while we did not observe significant differences among animals of different age and sex (p > 0.05). Two known zoonotic subtypes (ST1 and ST5) and three animal-predominant subtypes (ST10, ST13, and ST14) were identified, of which ST10 was the most common (36/74, 48.6%). Our findings highlight that forest musk deer may be potential reservoirs of zoonotic human Blastocystis sp. infections.
Therapieoptionen von primären Motilitätsstörungen des Ösophagus
Authors: Denzer Ulrike W. , Müller Michaela , Kreuser Nicole , Thieme René , Hoffmeister Albrecht , Feisthammel Juergen , Niebisch Stefan , Gockel Ines 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungÖsophagusmotilitätsstörungen sind Erkrankungen, bei denen es aufgrund einer Veränderung der neuromuskulären Strukturen zu Fehlfunktionen des Schluckakts kommt. Das Leitsymptom ist daher die Dysphagie für feste und/oder flüssige Speisen, häufig begleitet von Symptomen wie Thoraxschmerz, Regurgitation, Sodbrennen, und Gewichtsverlust. Die Ösophagusmanometrie ist der Goldstandard in der Diagnostik. Endoskopie und Radiologie dienen dem Ausschluss entzündlicher oder maligner Veränderungen.Durch die Einführung der hochauflösenden Ösophagusmanometrie (HRM) hat sich die Diagnostik der Ösophagusmotilitätsstörungen verbessert und mit der Chicago-Klassifikation zu einer neuen Einteilung geführt, die im letzten Jahrzehnt mehrfach modifiziert wurde, zuletzt 2020 mit der Chicago-Klassifikation v4.0. Verglichen mit der Vorversion v3.0 finden sich einige wichtige Änderungen, die anhand der im klinischen Alltag wichtigsten Ösophagusmotilitätsstörungen vorgestellt werden.
COVID-19 and Lipid Disorders
Authors: Julius Ulrich , Schatz Ulrike , Tselmin Sergey , Morawietz Henning 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn elevated cholesterol concentration has been suspected to increase the
susceptibility for SARS-COV-2 infection. Cholesterol plays a central role in the
mechanisms of the SARS-COV-2 infection. In contrast, higher HDL-cholesterol
levels seem to be protective. During COVID-19 disease, LDL-cholesterol and
HDL-cholesterol appear to be decreased. On the other hand, triglycerides (also
in different lipoprotein fractions) were elevated. Lipoprotein(a) may increase
during this disease and is most probably responsible for thromboembolic events.
This lipoprotein can induce a progression of atherosclerotic lesion formation.
The same is suspected for the SARS-COV-2 infection itself. COVID-19 patients are
at increased risk of incident cardiovascular diseases, including cerebrovascular
disorders, dysrhythmias, ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease, pericarditis,
myocarditis, heart failure, and thromboembolic disorders. An ongoing
lipid-lowering therapy, including lipoprotein apheresis, is recommended to be
continued during the COVID-19 disease, though the impact of lipid-lowering drugs
or the extracorporeal therapy on prognosis should be studied in further
investigations.
Is TSH a Reliable Indicator of Thyroid Hormone Status in
Pregnancy?
Authors: Karavani Gilad , Daoud-Sabag Lina , Chay Cherut , Gillis David , Strich David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThyroid screening is recommended during pregnancy with serum thyrotropin (TSH) as
the primary test. However, since human chorionic gonadotropin, the serum
hallmark of pregnancy, has TSH-like effects, the adequacy of TSH as a screening
tool in this constellation requires further study. This study aimed to evaluate
the relationship between TSH and thyroid hormones during pregnancy in order to
determine if TSH is an adequate screening tool. This was a retrospective study
utilizing the Clalit Health Service, Jerusalem district database between
2006–2017 in which we analyzed TSH, FT4 and FT3 measurements from 32430
pregnancies resulting in live birth. We grouped FT4 and FT3 levels by trimester
and by the following TSH levels: (1) below
0.1/0.2/0.3 mIU/l, (2)
0.1–2.5/0.2–3.0/0.3–3.0 mIU/l,
(3) 2.6–4.0/3.1–4.0 mIU/l, (4)
4.1–10.0 mIU/l and (5) above 10.0 mIU/l.
In the first trimester, the most important for fetal brain development, FT3 was
below normal, defined as below the 2.5th percentile for the population, in only
15.3% of tests with TSH over 10 mIU/l. FT4 was below
normal in only 12.8% of such tests. Similar findings were noted for the
second and third trimesters. As expected, there were far less abnormal tests
when lower TSH cutoff levels were tested. In conclusion, TSH levels beyond the
range accepted as normal do not, in most cases, reflect abnormal thyroid hormone
levels during pregnancy. TSH is not a good screen for overt hypothyroidism in
pregnancy. This may be due, at least in the first trimester, to thyrotropic
effects of HCG.
Medical Text Prediction and Suggestion Using Generative Pretrained Transformer Models with Dental Medical Notes
Authors: Sirrianni Joseph , Sezgin Emre , Claman Daniel , Linwood Simon L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Generative pretrained transformer (GPT) models are one of the latest large pretrained natural language processing models that enables model training with limited datasets and reduces dependency on large datasets, which are scarce and costly to establish and maintain. There is a rising interest to explore the use of GPT models in health care.
Objective We investigate the performance of GPT-2 and GPT-Neo models for medical text prediction using 374,787 free-text dental notes.
Methods We fine-tune pretrained GPT-2 and GPT-Neo models for next word prediction on a dataset of over 374,000 manually written sections of dental clinical notes. Each model was trained on 80% of the dataset, validated on 10%, and tested on the remaining 10%. We report model performance in terms of next word prediction accuracy and loss. Additionally, we analyze the performance of the models on different types of prediction tokens for categories. For comparison, we also fine-tuned a non-GPT pretrained neural network model, XLNet (large), for next word prediction. We annotate each token in 100 randomly sampled notes by category (e.g., names, abbreviations, clinical terms, punctuation, etc.) and compare the performance of each model by token category.
Results Models present acceptable accuracy scores (GPT-2: 76%; GPT-Neo: 53%), and the GPT-2 model also performs better in manual evaluations, especially for names, abbreviations, and punctuation. Both GPT models outperformed XLNet in terms of accuracy. The results suggest that pretrained models have the potential to assist medical charting in the future. We share the lessons learned, insights, and suggestions for future implementations.
Conclusion The results suggest that pretrained models have the potential to assist medical charting in the future. Our study presented one of the first implementations of the GPT model used with medical notes.
Intra-Abdominal Pressure Monitoring in Acute Severe Pancreatitis—A Boon or Bane?
Authors: Ahamed Niyas , Patchiannan Kanagaraj 
Published: July 2022

Background
Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is increasingly reported in patients with acute pancreatitis, and is caused by visceral edema, massive fluid resuscitation, paralytic ileus, and retroperitoneal inflammation. Patients with acute severe pancreatitis actually suffer from abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS)/IAH and since there is a strong correlation between early organ dysfunction and mortality in these patients, IAH appears to be an active and attractive target for early analysis and intervention.[1]

Aim
The study is undertaken to estimate the significance of intra-abdominal pressure monitoring in acute severe pancreatitis.

Objectives
The objective of this study is to evaluate relationship between intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and severity of acute pancreatitis and measure outcome in the form of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospital stay, treatment modality, and condition on discharge.

Methodology
A total of 50 patients diagnosed as acute severe pancreatitis were enrolled in this observational study. IAP monitoring was started on admission, once after controlling pain and then every 4 hours. IAP was measured via transvesical route. Data were collected on the length of the hospital stay, the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiorgan failure, the extent of necrosis, the presence of infection, and mortality.

Results
IAH was present in 86% of patients with acute severe pancreatitis, which shows IAP monitoring is essential in managing these patients. Severity estimation by IAP monitoring is consistent with alternative laboratory parameters like Ranson’s score (p = 0.002), SIRS (p = 0.013), organ failure/multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (p = 0.009). Two deaths were incurred during the study period.

Conclusions
IAP measurement in acute severe pancreatitis is a cost-effective and prognostic marker. Timely diagnosis and management of IAH/ACS through IAP monitoring can prevent major comorbidity (ICU/hospital stay) and mortality.
Metachronous Osteoid Osteoma of the Mid-Diaphysis of the Fibula and Distal Humerus: A Case Report
Authors: Adlan Amirul , Azzopardi Christine , Davies Mark , James Steven , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOsteoid osteomas are mostly solitary. We report a case of metachronous osteoid osteoma of mid-diaphysis of fibula followed by distal humeral osteoid osteoma after a 7-year interval.