bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Splitting of Hydrogen Sulfide by Halogens for Application in Reaction Cycles
Authors: Wiesehahn Maximilian , Zimmermann Elodia Morales , Agar David W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrogen sulfide is a toxic gas that is almost always present in the processing of crude oil or natural gas and must be removed. In addition, hydrogen can be used as an energy carrier if it can be separated from H2S. In this work, as the first step of a reaction cycle that could achieve just that, the bromination and chlorination of hydrogen sulfide are experimentally studied. It can be shown that both halogens are capable of completely converting hydrogen sulfide in a gas phase reaction. While the chlorination can produce byproducts, the bromination is free of such.
Sulforaphane is Synergistic with CB‐5083 and Inhibits Colony Formation of CB‐5083‐Resistant HCT116 Cells
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Shan , Rosencrans William M. , Cheng Kai‐Wen , Stott Gordon M. , Mroczkowski Barbara , Chou Tsui‐Fen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman p97 is a potential drug target in oncology. Mutation‐driven drug resistance is an obstacle to the long‐term efficacy of targeted therapy. We found that the ATPase activity for one of the CB‐5083‐resistant p97 mutants was reduced, which also attenuated the degradation of K48 ubiquitinated proteins in cells. To understand how p97 mutant cells with significantly reduced ATPase activity can still grow, we discovered reduced levels of CHOP and NF‐κB activation in the p97 mutant cells and these cellular changes can potentially protect HCT116 cells from death due to lowered p97 activity. In addition, the NF‐kB inhibitor Sulforaphane reduces proliferation of CB‐5083 resistant cells and acts synergistically with CB‐5083 to block proliferation of the parental HCT116 cells. The combination of Sulforaphane and CB‐5083 may be a useful treatment strategy to combat CB‐5083 resistance.
Use of Real‐World Data and Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Characterize Enoxaparin Disposition in Children With Obesity
Authors: Gerhart Jacqueline G. , Carreño Fernando O. , Loop Matthew Shane , Lee Craig R. , Edginton Andrea N. , Sinha Jaydeep , Kumar Karan R. , Kirkpatrick Carl M. , Hornik Christoph P. , Gonzalez Daniel ,   the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act – Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee
Published: April 2022

Dosing guidance for children with obesity is often unknown despite the fact that nearly 20% of US children are classified as obese. Enoxaparin, a commonly prescribed low‐molecular‐weight heparin, is dosed based on body weight irrespective of obesity status to achieve maximum concentration within a narrow therapeutic or prophylactic target range. However, whether children with and without obesity experience equivalent enoxaparin exposure remains unclear. To address this clinical question, 2,825 anti–activated factor X (anti‐Xa) surrogate concentrations were collected from the electronic health records of 596 children, including those with obesity. Using linear mixed‐effects regression models, we observed that 4‐hour anti‐Xa concentrations were statistically significantly different in children with and without obesity, even for children with the same absolute dose (P = 0.004). To further mechanistically explore obesity‐associated differences in anti‐Xa concentration, a pediatric physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed in adults, and then scaled to children with and without obesity. This PBPK model incorporated binding of enoxaparin to antithrombin to form anti‐Xa and elimination via heparinase‐mediated metabolism and glomerular filtration. Following scaling, the PBPK model predicted real‐world pediatric concentrations well, with an average fold error (standard deviation of the fold error) of 0.82 (0.23) and 0.87 (0.26) in children with and without obesity, respectively. PBPK model simulations revealed that children with obesity have at most 20% higher 4‐hour anti‐Xa concentrations under recommended, total body weight–based dosing compared to children without obesity owing to reduced weight‐normalized clearance. Enoxaparin exposure was better matched across age groups and obesity status using fat‐free mass weight‐based dosing.
Synthesis of Magnesium Hydroxide Using Post‐Reaction Filtrate as Ammonia Carrier and Morphology Analysis
Authors: Shi Xiaoyan , Chen Hang , Sun Yuzhu , Song Xingfu , Yu Jianguo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study proposes an advanced technology using post‐reaction filtrate as an ammonia carrier to synthesize magnesium hydroxide (MH) with small particles, which can benefit subsequent hydrothermal modification. In this work, the limitation of ammonia gas and ammonia water methods is avoided. The impact of operating parameters including MgCl2 concentration, temperature, ammonia‐to‐magnesium molar ratio, feed rate, volume of ammonia mother liquor and aging time on the magnesium yield, particle size, and morphology of MH is studied. The temperature and ammonia‐to‐magnesium molar ratio are identified as key factors affecting magnesium yield. MH with a half‐content diameter of 1.70 µm and a morphology resembling small irregular flakes is successfully synthesized at a magnesium yield of 90.06%. The predictions of idea crystal habits are also performed using Morphology and CASTEP modules with Materials Studio Software. The (0 0 1) face can be preserved with the largest facet area because of the slowest crystal growth rate and the smallest attachment energy, which exhibits that MH crystals tend to be flakes.
Predictive value of intra‐tumoural TCRβ rearrangements in precisely selecting adjuvant therapy for EGFR‐mutant non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Cunte , Liu Si‐Yang Maggie , Wu Yi‐Long , Liu Si‐Yang , Li Yangqiu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this commentary, we discussed the important role of intratumoural specific T‐cell receptor (TCR) β chain rearrangements on tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in predicting clinical outcomes of adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy or chemotherapy in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation from two aspects. The in‐depth study of the local immune microenvironment may help to discover possible biomarkers for predicting the overall survival and disease‐free survival and may further direct to select of the appropriate adjuvant therapy in EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients according to the special TCR rearrangements.
Off‐target effects of bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination on immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2: implications for protection against severe COVID‐19
Authors: Messina Nicole L , Germano Susie , McElroy Rebecca , Rudraraju Rajeev , Bonnici Rhian , Pittet Laure F , Neeland Melanie R , Nicholson Suellen , Subbarao Kanta , Curtis Nigel ,   the BRACE trial
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesBecause of its beneficial off‐target effects against non‐mycobacterial infectious diseases, bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination might be an accessible early intervention to boost protection against novel pathogens. Multiple epidemiological studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are investigating the protective effect of BCG against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Using samples from participants in a placebo‐controlled RCT aiming to determine whether BCG vaccination reduces the incidence and severity of COVID‐19, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of BCG on in vitro immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsThis study used peripheral blood taken from participants in the multicentre RCT and BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of COVID‐19 on healthcare workers (BRACE trial). The whole blood taken from BRACE trial participants was stimulated with γ‐irradiated SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected or mock‐infected Vero cell supernatant. Cytokine responses were measured by multiplex cytokine analysis, and single‐cell immunophenotyping was made by flow cytometry.ResultsBCG vaccination, but not placebo vaccination, reduced SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced secretion of cytokines known to be associated with severe COVID‐19, including IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐10. In addition, BCG vaccination promoted an effector memory phenotype in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and an activation of eosinophils in response to SARS‐CoV‐2.ConclusionsThe immunomodulatory signature of BCG’s off‐target effects on SARS‐CoV‐2 is consistent with a protective immune response against severe COVID‐19.
PD‐1 improves accurate detection of Sezary cells by flow cytometry in peripheral blood in mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome
Authors: Lewis Natasha E. , Gao Qi , Petrova‐Drus Kseniya , Pulitzer Melissa , Sigler Allison , Baik Jeeyeon , Moskowitz Alison J. , Horwitz Steven M. , Dogan Ahmet , Roshal Mikhail 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccurate Sezary cell detection in peripheral blood of mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome (MF/SS) patients by flow cytometry can be difficult due to overlapping immunophenotypes with normal T cells using standard markers. We assessed the utility of programmed death‐1 (PD‐1/CD279), a transmembrane protein expressed in some hematopoietic cells, for identification and quantitation of circulating Sezary cells among established markers using flow cytometry.Methods50 MF/SS and 20 control blood samples were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) assessed contributions of antigens to separation of abnormal from normal T cell populations. PD‐1 was assessed over time in blood and bone marrow of available MF/SS cases.ResultsNormal CD4+ T cells showed dim/intermediate to absent PD‐1 expression. PD‐1 in Sezary cells was informatively brighter (≥1/3 log) than internal normal CD4+ T cells in 39/50 (78%) cases. By PCA, PD‐1 ranked 3rd behind CD7 and CD26 in population separation as a whole; it ranked in the top 3 markers in 32/50 (64%) cases and 1st in 4/50 (8%) cases when individual abnormal populations were compared to total normal CD4+ T cells. PD‐1 clearly separated Sezary from normal CD4+ T cells in 15/26 (58%, 30% of total) cases with few and subtle alterations of pan‐T cell antigens/CD26 and was critical in 6 (12% of total), without which identification and quantification were significantly affected or nearly impossible. PD‐1 remained informative in blood/bone marrow over time in most patients.ConclusionsPD‐1 significantly contributes to accurate flow cytometric Sezary cell assessment in a routine Sezary panel.
Minimal subphenotyping model for acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Sotomi Yohei , Sato Taiki , Hikoso Shungo , Komukai Sho , Oeun Bolrathanak , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Nakatani Daisaku , Mizuno Hiroya , Okada Katsuki , Dohi Tomoharu , Sunaga Akihiro , Kida Hirota , Seo Masahiro , Yano Masamichi , Hayashi Takaharu , Nakagawa Akito , Nakagawa Yusuke , Tamaki Shunsuke , Ohtani Tomohito , Yasumura Yoshio , Yamada Takahisa , Sakata Yasushi ,   OCVC‐Heart Failure Investigator
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsApplication of the latent class analysis to acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) showed that the heterogeneous acute HFpEF patients can be classified into four distinct phenotypes with different clinical outcomes. This model‐based clustering required a total of 32 variables to be included. However, this large number of variables will impair the clinical application of this classification algorithm. This study aimed to identify the minimal number of variables for the development of optimal subphenotyping model.Methods and resultsThis study is a post hoc analysis of the PURSUIT‐HFpEF study (N = 1095), a prospective, multi‐referral centre, observational study of acute HFpEF [UMIN000021831]. We previously applied the latent class analysis to the PURSUIT‐HFpEF dataset and established the full 32‐variable model for subphenotyping. In this study, we used the Cohen's kappa statistic to investigate the minimal number of discriminatory variables needed to accurately classify the phenogroups in comparison with the full 32‐variable model. Cohen's kappa statistic of the top‐X number of discriminatory variables compared with the full 32‐variable derivation model showed that the models with ≥16 discriminatory variables showed kappa value of >0.8, suggesting that the minimal number of discriminatory variables for the optimal phenotyping model was 16. The 16‐variable model consists of C‐reactive protein, creatinine, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, brain natriuretic peptide, white blood cells, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, clinical scenario classification, infection‐triggered acute decompensated HF, estimated glomerular filtration rate, platelets, neutrophils, GWTG‐HF (Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure) risk score, chronic kidney disease, and CONUT (Controlling Nutritional Status) score. Characteristics and clinical outcomes of the four phenotypes subclassified by the minimal 16‐variable model were consistent with those by the full 32‐variable model. The four phenotypes were labelled based on their characteristics as ‘rhythm trouble’, ‘ventricular‐arterial uncoupling’, ‘low output and systemic congestion’, and ‘systemic failure’, respectively.ConclusionsThe phenotyping model with top 16 variables showed almost perfect agreement with the full 32‐variable model. The minimal model may enhance the future clinical application of this clustering algorithm.
Microfabricated Solid‐contact Potentiometric Sensor for Determination of Tedizolid Phosphate, Application to Content Uniformity Testing
Authors: Mahmoud Amr M. , Moaaz Eman M. , Rezk Mamdouh R. , Abdel‐Moety Ezzat M. , Fayed Ahmed S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolid contact sensors were designed for determination of the antibiotic prodrug tedizolid phosphate. The sensors are based on; microfabricated copper as cost‐effective electrode substrate and graphene layer as a transducer. The ion sensing PVC polymeric membrane was optimized by proper selection of the anion exchanger. The graphene layer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, FT‐IR, besides measuring electrochemical impedance for the fabricated sensors. The potential drift decreased down to 0.133 mV h−1 compared to 6.67 mV h−1 for graphene free sensor. The sensors have been used to determine tedizolid phosphate in its pharmaceutical formulation and content uniformity testing applications.
A general model for predicting aeolian transport rate over sand surfaces with vegetation cover
Authors: Li Huiru , Liu Chenchen , Cheng Hong , Zou Xueyong , Zhang Chunlai , Liu Bo , Li Jifeng , Kang Liqiang , Wu Yongqiu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAeolian sand transport is caused by wind erosion, which is the main cause of environmental problems such as land desertification, blown sand disasters and air pollution. Previous research results and engineering practices have confirmed that vegetation improvement has long‐term and comprehensive benefits for controlling aeolian sand transport. The role of vegetation in aeolian sand transport can be explained by the complexity of atmospheric, earth and biosphere systems. However, the lack of a universal model used to predict aeolian transport rate on vegetated surface results in different understandings about vegetation effects due to different experimental methods and materials. To clarify the effect of vegetation on aeolian sand transport, we used a large wind tunnel whose experimental section was 24.0 m‐long, 3.0 m‐wide and 2.0‐m high to provide enough length for aeolian transport and designed a set of novel experimental methods to improve the measurement accuracy of the aeolian transport rate. Based on experimental data, we developed a new equation for aeolian transport rate over bare and vegetated surfaces. We determined that models of aeolian transport rate over bare surface in the literature underestimated the aeolian transport rate measured in this study by 63–80%, 89%, 50% and 35%, confirming that the transport rate decreases exponentially as vegetation coverage increases. However, the power exponent is a variable related to particle size and wind velocity as opposed to a constant in the existing literature; thus, we proposed a dimensionless parameter to express the relationship between the power exponent with particle size and wind velocity and constructed the new equation for vegetated surfaces to be more widely applicable. These results would help to understand the effect of vegetation cover on aeolian sand transport process and to improve the effectiveness of vegetation prevention and control.
Association of the Mediterranean Dietary Quality Index with handgrip strength and muscle endurance: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Pourreza Sanaz , Shahinfar Hossein , Bazshahi Elham , Gholami Fateme , Djafarian Kurosh , Shab‐Bidar Sakineh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMediterranean diet is a healthy eating pattern associated with various health advantages. Different scoring methods of adherence to this diet have been used to investigate the association between the Mediterranean diet and muscle outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the association of the Mediterranean Dietary Quality Index (Med‐DQI) with handgrip strength (HS) and muscle endurance (ME). The current cross‐sectional study involved 268 Iranian adults aged 18–70 years. Anthropometric measures were evaluated. We used the 168‐item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to develop the Med‐DQI score. The Med‐DQI score ranges from 0 to 14 (lower score suggests higher adherence to Mediterranean diet). HS was measured by a digital handgrip dynamometer, and ME was the amount of time to reach a maximum of 50% of grip strength. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the association of Med‐DQI and its components with HS and ME. Med‐DQI score was not associated with mean handgrip strength (MHS) (p = .34) and mean muscle endurance (MME) (p = .69) in the crude model. The associations remained insignificant after the adjustment of covariates (p = .16, .31, respectively). Among the components of Med‐DQI, cholesterol, meats, fish, and cereals were positively correlated with MHS (p < .001 for all). Meats (p = .02), olive oil (p < .001), cereals (p = .04), fruits and vegetables (p < .001 for all) were also positively correlated with MME. According to our findings, Med‐DQI score is not associated with MHS and MME in a population of Iranian adults. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings.
Compensatory engulfment and Müller glia reactivity in the absence of microglia
Authors: Thiel Whitney A. , Blume Zachary I. , Mitchell Diana M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicroglia are known for important phagocytic functions in the vertebrate retina. Reports also suggest that Müller glia have phagocytic capacity, though the relative levels and contexts in which this occurs remain to be thoroughly examined. Here, we investigate Müller glial engulfment of dying cells in the developing zebrafish retina in the presence and absence of microglia, using a genetic mutant in which microglia do not develop. We show that in normal conditions clearance of dying cells is dominated by microglia; however, Müller glia do have a limited clearance role. In retinas lacking intact microglial populations, we found a striking increase in the engulfment load assumed by the Müller glia, which displayed prominent cellular compartments containing apoptotic cells, several of which localized with the early phagosome/endosome marker Rab5. Consistent with increased engulfment, lysosomal staining was also increased in Müller glia in the absence of microglia. Increased engulfment load led to evidence of Müller glia reactivity including upregulation of gfap but did not trigger cell cycle re‐entry by differentiated Müller glia. Our work provides important insight into the phagocytic capacity of Müller glia and the ability for compensatory functions and downstream effects. Therefore, effects of microglial deficiency or depletion on other glial cell types should be well‐considered in experimental manipulations, in neurodegenerative disease, and in therapeutic approaches that target microglia. Our findings further justify future work to understand differential mechanisms and contexts of phagocytosis by glial cells in the central nervous system, and the significance of these mechanisms in health and disease.
Evaluating brain parcellations using the distance‐controlled boundary coefficient
Authors: Zhi Da , King Maedbh , Hernandez‐Castillo Carlos R. , Diedrichsen Jörn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne important approach to human brain mapping is to define a set of distinct regions that can be linked to unique functions. Numerous brain parcellations have been proposed, using cytoarchitectonic, structural, or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The intrinsic smoothness of brain data, however, poses a problem for current methods seeking to compare different parcellations. For example, criteria that simply compare within‐parcel to between‐parcel similarity provide even random parcellations with a high value. Furthermore, the evaluation is biased by the spatial scale of the parcellation. To address this problem, we propose the distance‐controlled boundary coefficient (DCBC), an unbiased criterion to evaluate discrete parcellations. We employ this new criterion to evaluate existing parcellations of the human neocortex in their power to predict functional boundaries for an fMRI data set with many different tasks, as well as for resting‐state data. We find that common anatomical parcellations do not perform better than chance, suggesting that task‐based functional boundaries do not align well with sulcal landmarks. Parcellations based on resting‐state fMRI data perform well; in some cases, as well as a parcellation defined on the evaluation data itself. Finally, multi‐modal parcellations that combine functional and anatomical criteria perform substantially worse than those based on functional data alone, indicating that functionally homogeneous regions often span major anatomical landmarks. Overall, the DCBC advances the field of functional brain mapping by providing an unbiased metric that compares the predictive ability of different brain parcellations to define brain regions that are functionally maximally distinct.
Clarifying the impact of corporate governance and intellectual capital on financial performance: A longitudinal study of Deutsche Bank (1957–2019)
Authors: Nawaz Tasawar , Ohlrogge Oliver 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article empirically examines the nexuses between corporate governance, intangible resources, CEO traits, and financial performance. In contrast to prior research, this study examines these relationships in a longitudinal manner focusing on Deutsche Bank for the 1957–2019 period. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind. Based on a novel hand collected dataset, our analysis suggests a significant positive relationship between intangible assets i.e., intellectual capital efficiency and financial performance measured by, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Our results further suggest that human capital efficiency drive the financial performance of Deutsche Bank at all times especially, during the economic malaise periods, suggesting that human capital is the main source of profitability for the Deutsche Bank. Additional results suggest that larger board size diminishes the impact of intangible resources on financial performance when the former CEO assumes board's chairmanship. Finally, our results suggest that CEO's education quality is an important determinant of financial performance during the crisis. Results observed in this study have important economic and policy implications for banks operating in the similar environments.