bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons from an experiment with values‐based messaging to support watershed conservation
Authors: Marquina Tatiana , Hackenburg Diana , Duray Hannah , Fisher Brendan , Gould Rachelle K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConservation professionals use language related to instrumental, intrinsic, and relational values when communicating about the importance of conservation, frequently in connection with ecosystem services. However, few researchers have examined whether messages that emphasize values associated with ecosystem services result in different policy‐support or behavior‐change outcomes among different audiences. We conducted a large‐scale survey experiment with participants (n = 815) who resided in the United States and were recruited online via the survey platform Qualtrics. The experiment tested whether messages about watershed protection that emphasize instrumental, intrinsic, or relational values (as opposed to the information‐only control message) resulted in differing support for policies or behavioral intentions related to watershed conservation. Respondents’ personal characteristics had a stronger effect on conservation beliefs than the way values were framed (i.e., than treatments in the experiment). For example, income positively predicted policy support (β = 0.07, 95% CI 0.02–0.12, p = 0.01, corrected p = 0.03). Instrumental messages decreased (SSG, tense) policy support among people who identified as politically liberal (β = –0.75, 95% CI –1.19 to –0.30, p = 0.001, corrected p = 0.003). Over 40% of respondents selected relational values over other value types as the main reason to protect watersheds. Our results demonstrated that political orientation interacts with how the importance of conservation is framed in complex ways and that conservation practitioners might improve the effectiveness of their communications by incorporating relational values and tailoring messages to different audiences.
The disproportionately high value of small patches for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Riva Federico , Fahrig Lenore 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSmall habitat patches have been historically neglected in conservation, primarily because extinction risk is higher in small patches. Nevertheless, sets of small patches usually harbor more species than one or a few larger patches of equal total area. Resolving this inconsistency is key to policy and practice in biodiversity conservation. Our analysis of 32 datasets (603 patches and 2290 taxa) provides two novel lines of evidence confirming that small patches have disproportionately high value for biodiversity. First, sets of small patches harbor more species than large patches even when considering only species of conservation concern. Second, sets of small patches harbor more species than large patches even when the small patches are very small compared to the large patches. Therefore, higher extinction risk in small than large patches does not decrease the cumulative value of small patches for biodiversity. We contend that acknowledging the conservation value of small patches, even very small patches, will be a necessary step for stemming biodiversity loss in the Anthropocene.
Forest–lake ecotones in a tropical forest: Terrestrial invertebrate inputs to lakes decrease with forest distance
Authors: Dolabela Bárbara Martins , Costa Fernanda Vieira da , Pinto Victor Diniz , Lopes Isabela , Bezerra‐Neto José Fernandes , Barbosa Francisco Antônio Rodrigues , Ribeiro Sérvio Pontes 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Ecotones between tropical forests and lakes compose an ecosystem interconnection with a high abundance of terrestrial invertebrates, which represent an outstanding resource for the aquatic fauna. However, there is still little quantitative information on tropical forest contribution in terms of invertebrate inputs into lacustrine systems and the factors controlling this flux.

To quantify the terrestrial invertebrate contribution into tropical lakes, we selected six lakes located in the Atlantic rainforest, south‐eastern Brazil, and used pan traps placed in the lakeshore. We focused on total abundance, biomass, and richness of insect orders. To assess the influence of forest and lake morphometry on terrestrial invertebrate inputs into lakes, we measured the forest–lake distance and considered the morphometric characteristics of each lake.

Distance from forest negatively affected the invertebrate biomass reaching the lakes. The dissimilarity across different ecotones also increased with distance from the forest. Perimeter‐to‐area ratio negatively affected the invertebrate abundance, suggesting that more dendritic lakes receive more invertebrates from the forest.

We estimated that annually, on average 21 tons of terrestrial invertebrates fall into the studied lakes, representing a massive food resource for the aquatic ecosystem. Hence, if the distance from the forest increases due, for instance, to severe drought or deforestation, it will create an herbaceous environment unable to provide such a quantity of insects to the water ecosystems, compromising aquatic and terrestrial trophic webs dynamics.
Bacterial community structure and metabolic potential in microbialite‐forming mats from South Australian saline lakes
Authors: Nguyen Suong T. T. , Vardeh David P. , Nelson Tiffanie M. , Pearson Leanne A. , Kinsela Andrew S. , Neilan Brett A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrobialites are sedimentary rocks created in association with benthic microorganisms. While they harbour complex microbial communities, Cyanobacteria perform critical roles in sediment stabilisation and accretion. Microbialites have been described from permanent and ephemeral saline lakes in South Australia; however, the microbial communities that generate and inhabit these biogeological structures have not been studied in detail. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the composition, diversity and metabolic potential of bacterial communities from different microbialite‐forming mats and surrounding sediments in five South Australian saline coastal lakes using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and predictive metagenome analyses. While Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla recovered from the mats and sediments, Cyanobacteria were significantly more abundant in the mat samples. Interestingly, at lower taxonomic levels, the mat communities were vastly different across the five lakes. Comparative analysis of putative mat and sediment metagenomes via PICRUSt2 revealed important metabolic pathways driving the process of carbonate precipitation, including cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis, ureolysis and nitrogen fixation. These pathways were highly conserved across the five examined lakes, although they appeared to be performed by distinct groups of bacterial taxa found in each lake. Stress response, quorum sensing and circadian clock were other important pathways predicted by the in silico metagenome analysis. The enrichment of CRISPR/Cas and phage shock associated genes in these cyanobacteria‐rich communities suggests that they may be under selective pressure from viral infection. Together, these results highlight that a very stable ecosystem function is maintained by distinctly different communities in microbialite‐forming mats in the five South Australian lakes and reinforce the concept that ‘who’ is in the community is not as critical as their net metabolic capacity.
Highlighting the efficiency of ultrasound‐based emulsifier‐free emulsions to penetrate reconstructed human skin
Authors: Kichou Hichem , Dancik Yuri , Eklouh‐Molinier Christophe , Huang Nicolas , Soucé Martin , Gressin Laurianne , Gillet Guillaume , Chourpa Igor , Munnier Emilie , Bonnier Franck 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe cosmetic industry endeavours to strengthen the greener and safer claims of processes to respond to the high demand from customers for natural and environmentally friendly products. High‐frequency ultrasonication technology (HFUT) is a physical process enabling the stabilization of emulsions without requiring additional ingredients, such as emulsifying surfactants (ES) to be introduced into the formulations. In this study, key formulation characteristics of an emulsion synthesized by HFUT and a reference emulsion (RE) were compared, as well as the permeation kinetics of caffeine, used as a model active cosmetic ingredient, from both types of emulsions.MethodsThe pH, droplet size and viscosity of emulsions prepared by the HFUT and the RE were determined and compared. The permeation of caffeine from the HFUT emulsion and the RE applied to the surface of reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) models was compared.ResultsThe ES‐free formulations prepared by HFUT displayed a nearly 2‐fold lower average droplet size and over 3‐fold greater viscosity, compared to the RE. Despite these differences, the absence of ES in the HFUT emulsion did not significantly alter the permeation kinetics of caffeine through RHE. The caffeine steady‐state flux, lag time and permeability coefficients differed by 20%–30% only.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential of the HFUT to yield topical cosmetic products with lower requirements ingredients‐wise, without losing efficacy, supporting the possible implementation of the technology in the cosmetic industry.
Sense of belonging, international migrants’ spending, and implications for their subjective well‐being
Authors: Hang Haiming , Zhong Jing Yang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA lack of a sense of belonging in the host country has become one of the most common challenges facing international migrants in today's sociopolitical environment. Our two online experiments with 881 international migrant workers in the United States jointly demonstrate that, to cope with their lack of a sense of belonging in the host country, international migrants may spend money suboptimally: more on material purchases but less on experiential and prosocial purchases. More importantly, our studies suggest that prosocial purchases are more effective than experiential purchases in increasing international migrants’ subjective well‐being. This is because prosocial purchases can lead to both relatedness need satisfaction and beneficence, with each independently contributing to international migrants’ subjective well‐being. Our research suggests that public policymakers should address the social exclusion international migrants experience when moving to a new country because it can have a negative impact on their subjective well‐being. Our research further suggests that one way to mitigate social exclusion is to encourage international migrants to spend money on others rather than themselves.
Edible multilayer coating using electrostatic layer‐by‐layer deposition of chitosan and pectin enhances shelf life of fresh strawberries
Authors: Adhikari Manita , Koirala Sushil , Anal Anil Kumar 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThis study aimed to develop an edible multilayer coating by electrostatic layer‐by‐layer deposition (LbL) of chitosan‐pectin biopolymers to extend the shelf life of strawberries. A fixed concentration of chitosan (2% w/v) and varying pectin concentrations (0.25–1% w/v) in an LbL sequence were initially applied to coat on the low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film. The successful assembly of these biopolymers in the LDPE film was confirmed by their zeta potential (chitosan, +43 mV and pectin, −36 to −42 mV) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the range of 1800–1600 cm‐1 indicating the strong interactions between chitosan and pectin. Chitosan (2% w/v) and pectin (0.25% w/v) had the lowest water vapour permeability (WVP) of 1.86 ± 0.02 × 10−9 in gday‐1 m‐1 Pa‐1 among all other formulations. The application of the coating on strawberries extended the shelf life (9 days) compared to the control (6 days) at room temperature (25 °C) while still retaining the colour, firmness and pH of strawberries. The results obtained illuminate the potential application of safer, ecofriendly and sustainable packaging materials in the food industry.
Little cause for concern: Analysis of gender effects in structured employment references
Authors: Fisher Peter A. , Robie Chet , Hedricks Cynthia A. , Rupayana Disha D. , Puchalski Leigh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent research has highlighted the fact that narrative letters of recommendation in employment references could contribute to gender bias in personnel selection. Structured, quantitative employment references, however, may limit the opportunity for such biases to emerge. In a sample of nearly one million applicants and ratings by over four million employment reference providers, we found no meaningful effect of gender bias in highly structured, quantitative employment references across job levels and a wide variety of industries. Interestingly, and in contrast to existing theory, the effect of gender bias remained negligible across both stereotypically masculine and feminine jobs. Similarly, in a subsample of 5000 job applicants and 20,000 employment reference providers, coded verbatim comments of reference providers showed little practical gender differences in the frequency with which various comment types are made. These results suggest that highly structured, quantitative and semi‐structured, verbatim employment references are an effective tool in the advancement of fair and equitable personnel selection practices. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and future research is proposed.
Time‐varying impacts of expectations on housing markets across hot and cold phases
Authors: Huang MeiChi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigates time‐varying roles of people's expectations in driving the US housing price and quantity dynamics using a Threshold Vector Autoregressive model. The expectation measure, a good‐time‐to‐buy (GTTB) index, works as the threshold indicator to classify pessimism and optimism phases, and represents the model‐based measure of uncertainty. There is strong evidence for regime switches in responses to shocks across the two phases. The results show that good and bad shocks play similar roles in housing markets. Tiny responses of GTTB to both large good and bad shocks in the two regimes suggest “too bad to be believed” and “too good to be believed” patterns. The estimation is biased as volatility shocks are neglected in the housing boom and bust.
Study on the structural, mechanical, and dynamical stabilities and properties of Nb2AN (A = Si, Ge, and Sn) MAX phases by first principle
Authors: Zeng Fanwang , Zheng Haizhong , Li Guifa , Geng Yongxiang , Peng Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn order to find a kind of MAX phase material suited for thermal barrier coating (TBC) field, the structural properties, mechanical properties, electronic structure, and thermal properties of Nb2AN (A = Si, Ge, and Sn) MAX phase compounds were studied by density functional theory. The results of cohesive energy, formation enthalpy, elastic constants, and lattice dynamics show that the Nb2AN (A = Si, Ge, and Sn) possess good structural stability, mechanical stability, and dynamical stability. Especially in Nb2SnN phase, although its calculated melting point is not the largest one among them, it possesses the best thermal shock resistance. Its coefficient of thermal expansion fits most suitably to the Ni‐based alloy in 300–1452 K and lowest lattice thermal conductivity force it to be an application prospect TBC material. Its mechanical performance is also good for its own smallest deformation of octahedron structure, highest ductileness, and lowest anisotropy. Electronic structure analysis shows that its lowest Debye temperature comes from its highest ionic degree and lowest covalency. Thus, our research provides a deep theoretical basis for the development of new MAX phase materials.
Emergency nurses' burnout levels as the mediator of the relationship between stress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yang Bey‐Jing , Yen Ching‐Wei , Lin Shou‐Ju , Huang Chien‐Hua , Wu Jhong‐Lin , Cheng Yih‐Ru , Hsieh Chia‐Chen , Hsiao Fei‐Hsiu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine the association of the working stress with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD), and burnout as the mediator for this association among emergency nurses during COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignLongitudinal survey study.MethodsOnline survey was used to collect data during the period from August to November 2020 with a sample of 169 emergency nurses. They were invited to complete the following questionnaires at the 6th and 9th months after COVID‐19 outbreak: Posttraumatic Symptom Scale (PTSS‐10), the emergency nurses' COVID‐19 stress questionnaire and Chinese version of 21‐item Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI).ResultsDuring the 3‐month follow‐up, there were no changes in the number of suspected PTSD cases (6 and above symptoms): 41% at the 6th month and 33.3% at the 9th month. The increases of the personal burnout levels and living apart from families were the main factors associated with the PTSD symptoms. The risk for emergency nurses suffering from PTSD is through stress levels increasing their burnout levels.ConclusionsOver 30 percent of emergency nurses remained at high risk for suspected PTSD. The burnout levels mediated the relationship between the stress levels and the risks of PTSD.ImpactLittle as know about the impact of COVID‐19 on emergency nurses' stress. This study found emergency nurses remained to be the high risk for the suspected PTSD cases. It is urged to develop a stress‐reduction program targeting at causes of stress and improving burnout for emergency nurses during COVID‐19 pandemic.
PAICE: A new R package to estimate the number of inter‐island colonizations considering haplotype data and sample size
Authors: Coello Alberto J. , Fernández‐Mazuecos Mario , Heleno Ruben H. , Vargas Pablo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimColonization is a central topic in ecology and one of the cornerstones of island biogeography. Although the evolutionary history of island species is widely studied, the quantification of colonization is particularly challenging because the same area may be colonized multiple times by the same species, whereas initially successful colonization events may eventually be followed by extinction. Nevertheless, an estimation of the actual number of within‐archipelago colonization events can be achieved when using adequate sample size and genetic data, which are essential parameters in the inference of colonization success of any species.LocationCanary Islands, Azores and Galápagos Islands.TaxonButeo galapagoensis, Croton scouleri, Setophaga petechia aureola and Xylocopa darwini (Galápagos); Canarina canariensis, Cistus monspeliensis, Juniperus cedrus and Olea europaea subsp. guanchica (Canary Islands); and Juniperus brevifolia and Picconia azorica (Azores).MethodsThe new R package PAICE uses haplotype (from organelle DNA) sharing and haplotype relationships, and controls for sampling effort to estimate the number of within‐archipelago colonization events in island‐like systems. PAICE applies a sampling‐effort correction based on rarefaction curves of field sampling (number of individuals or populations) and genetic sampling (number of DNA variable positions). The number of colonization events for the 10 insular species were estimated with PAICE and results compared with previous methods.ResultsPAICE estimates a number of inter‐island colonization events up to an order of magnitude greater than previous methods. Furthermore, PAICE can quantify the colonization events of any study species, in multiple biogeographic contexts and considering sampling size, thus providing a standardized estimate of colonization success.Main conclusionsThe new package PAICE provides an estimation of the number of inter‐island colonization events (regardless of dispersal routes or rates) based on haplotype data across islands. This new tool will allow gaining new insights on the intensity of long‐distance‐dispersal events, their drivers and consequences for the assembly of insular faunas and floras.
Morphologic evidence of telocytes in human thyroid stromal tissue
Authors: Rosa Irene , Ibba‐Manneschi Lidia , Guasti Daniele , Perigli Giuliano , Faussone‐Pellegrini Maria‐Simonetta , Manetti Mirko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite the evidence accumulated over the past decade that telocytes (TCs) are a distinctive, though long neglected, cell entity of the stromal microenvironment of several organs of the human body, to date their localization in the endocrine glands remains almost unexplored. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the presence and characteristics of TCs in normal human thyroid stromal tissue through an integrated morphologic approach featuring light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis. TCs were first identified by immunohistochemistry that revealed the existence of an intricate network of CD34+ stromal cells spread throughout the thyroid interfollicular connective tissue. Double immunofluorescence allowed to clearly differentiate CD34+ stromal cells lacking CD31 immunoreactivity from neighbour CD31+ microvascular structures, and the evidence that these stromal cells coexpressed CD34 and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α further strengthened their identification as TCs. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of stromal cells ultrastructurally identifiable as TCs projecting their characteristic cytoplasmic processes (i.e., telopodes) into the narrow interstitium between thyroid follicles and blood microvessels, where telopodes intimately surrounded the basement membrane of thyrocytes. Collectively, these morphologic findings provide the first comprehensive demonstration that TCs are main constituents of the human thyroid stroma and lay the necessary groundwork for further in‐depth studies aimed at clarifying their putative implications in glandular homeostasis and pathophysiology.