bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the Normality of Residuals on Regression Model for the Growth of Paracoccus sp. SKG on Acetonitrile
Authors: Halmi M.I.E. , Shukor M.S. , Masdor N.A. , Shamaan N.A. , Sabullah M.K. , Shukor M.Y. 
Published: April 2022

Bioremediation of acetonitrile, an organonitrile, has been touted as a more economical and feasible method compared to physical and chemical approaches. In this work, we model the growth of growth of Paracoccus sp. SKG on acetonitrile from published literature to obtain vital growth constants. We discovered that the Buchanan-three-phase model via nonlinear regression utilizing the least square method was the very best model to explain the growth curve. However, the use of statistical tests to choose the best model relies heavily on the residuals of the curve to be statistically robust. More often than not, the residuals must be tested for conformation to normal distribution. In order for these assumptions to be met, we perform statistical diagnosis tests such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Wilks-Shapiro and D'agostino-Pearson tests.
A confidence interval comparison chart to assess the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase from Hemibagrus nemurus as a source of enzyme for insecticides detection
Authors: Asri Nurul Aida Muhamad , Begum Ghousia , Ahmad Siti Aqlima , Yasid Nur Adeela , Shukor Mohd Yunus 
Published: April 2022

In this work, the potential of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Hemibagrus nemurus (Baung) as a sensitive tool to detect the presence of insecticides was assessed. The affinity partially purified fraction was utilized as a source of AChE for in vitro assay of the effect of insecticides on the AChE. The resultant IC50 values were then compared with published results. An IC50 confidence interval comparison chart coined Shukorâ€™s chart was utilized to compare the sensitivity of the AChE from H. nemurus to various other published results. In this chart, the IC50 confidence interval (95%) values for a particular insecticide is placed at one end of the chart and lined up with published values of IC50. Two lines are then made crossing the entire chart and represent the 95% confidence interval value for H. nemurus. Any confidence interval values for targeted insecticides from published results that do not touch these two lines are deemed significantly different (p<0.05), either more or less sensitive judging whether they fall below or above the two lines, respectively, whilst any confidence interval values that fall in or touch the two lines are deemed comparable in sensitivity.The results show that the AChE from H. nemurus is more sensitive to diazinonoxon and comparable in sensitivity compared to commercial and other local fish sources suggesting that the ACHE from H. nemurus can be a cheaper alternative for the current commercially and locally available AChEs.
Mathematical Modelling of the Growth of Caulobacter crescentus on Caffeine
Authors: Ibrahim Salihu , Mansur Abdulrasheed , Ahmad Siti Aqlima 
Published: April 2022

Caffeine is a purine alkaloid naturally found in many species of plant and can be degraded by bacteria. Prolong caffeine consumption is well-known to have serious adverse effects. The used of linearization technique using natural logarithm transformation, though standard, is erroneous and can just give an estimated value for the sole parameter measured; the specific growth rate. In this paper, for the first time we present different kinetics models such as Von Bertalanffy, Baranyi-Roberts, modified Schnute, modified Richards, modified Gompertz, modified Logistics and most recent Huang were used to get values for the above constants or parameters from Caulobacter crescentus bacterium growth on caffeine. Huang model was found to be the best model with the highest adjusted R2 value with the lowest RMSE value. The Accuracy and Bias Factors values were close to unity (1.0). The Huang parameters such as Ymax (bacterial growth upper asymptote), Î» (lag time), Âµmax (maximum specific bacterial growth rate) and A or Y0 (bacterial growth lower asymptote) were found to be 1.367 (95% confidence interval of 1.322 - 1.412), 2.683 (95% confidence interval of 2.030 - 3.337), 0.322 (95% confidence interval of 0.252 - 0.392) and 0.324 (95% confidence interval of 0.278 - 0.370).
Predictive Mathematical Modelling of the Total Number of COVID-19 Cases for Brazil
Authors: Uba Garba , Yakasai H.M. , Abubakar Abdussamad , Shukor Mohd Yunus Abd 
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we present different growth models such as Von Bertalanffy, Baranyi-Roberts, Morgan-Mercer-Flodin (MMF), modified Richards, modified Gompertz, modified Logistics and Huang in fitting and analyzing the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in the form of total number of infection cases of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil as of 15th of July 2020. The MMF model was found to be the best model with the highest adjusted R2 value with the lowest RMSE value. The Accuracy and Bias Factors values were close to unity (1.0). The parameters obtained from the MMF model include maximum growth rate (log) of 0.026 (95% CI from 0.024 to 0.028), curve constant (d) that affects the inflection point of 1.094 (95% CI from 1.024 to 1.165) and maximal total number of cases (ymax) of 66,527,316 (95% CI from 35,156,044 to 143,548,943). The MMF predicted that the total number of cases for Brazil on the coming 15th of August and 15th of September 2020 will be 2,993,850 (95% CI of 3,407,196 to 2,630,649) and 4,676,829 (95% CI of 5,553,936 to 3,938,240), respectively. The predictive ability of the model utilized in this study is a powerful tool for epidemiologist to monitor and assess the severity of COVID-19 in Brazil in months to come. However, as with any other model, these values need to be taken with caution due to the unpredictability of the COVID-19 situation locally and globally.
Prediction of Cumulative Death Cases in The United States Due to COVID-19 Using Mathematical Models
Authors: Shukor Mohd Yunus Abd , Sabo Ibrahim Alhaji , Yahuza Salihu , Dan-Iya Bilal Ibrahim , Wada Surajo Adamu 
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we present different growth models such as Von Bertalanffy, Baranyi-Roberts, Morgan-Mercer-Flodin (MMF), modified Richards, modified Gompertz, modified Logistics and Huang in fitting and analyzing the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in the form of total number of death cases of SARS-COV-2 in The United States as of 20th of July 2020. The MMF model was found to be the best model with the highest adjusted R2 value with the lowest RMSE value. The accuracy and bias factors values were close to unity (1.0). The parameters obtained from the MMF model include maximum growth of death rate (log) of 0.048 (95% ci from 0.047 to 0.048), curve constant (d) that affects the inflection point of 2.34 (95% ci from 2.31 to 2.38) and maximal total number of death (ymax) of 151,356 (95% ci from 147,911 to 154,525). The MMF predicted that the total number of death cases for The United States on the coming 20th of August and 20th of September 2020 will be 148,183 (95% ci of 149,199 to 147,173) and 153,780 (95% ci of 152,640 to 154,928), respectively. The predictive ability of the model utilized in this study is a powerful tool for epidemiologist to monitor and assess the severity of COVID-19 in The United States in months to come. However, as with any other model, these values need to be taken with caution due to the unpredictability of the COVID-19 situation locally and globally.
Physicochemical optimization of granular sludge in rubber industrial wastewater
Authors: Parimoolam Sasitharan , Dahalan Farrah Aini 
Published: April 2022

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology is a novel and promising development in the field of biological wastewater treatment where it develops granulated sludge without any additional of supporting carrier material. Self-immobilized granular sludge has high settling velocity and contribute to high efficiency of solid-liquid separation in wastewater. Current problem of rubber manufacturing wastewater are low solid:liquid separation ratio and therefore, this study aims to incorporate aerobic granulation technology into rubber industry treatment in order to improve the problems. Aerobic granules were developed in two identical sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) with different strategies for the enhancement of granulation. The characteristic of the microbial granular sludge was monitored throughout the study period and the results demonstrated good removal of COD and ammonia of 90% and 85%, respectively at the end of the study. Findings of this study show that granular sludge could be developed in rubber industry wastewater and is capable in treating the wastewater.
Removal of shells in palm kernel cake via static cling and electrostatic separation
Authors: Roslan Muhamad Akhmal Hakim , Abdullah Norhani , Mustafa Shuhaimi 
Published: April 2022

Palm kernel cake (PKC), a by-product of the palm oil industry is limited in its use as a feedÂ ingredient for poultry due to its high fibre and lignin content. The presence of these antinutritiveÂ components is the result of shells contaminating the by-product. The nutritive value ofÂ PKC has to be improved in order to increase its inclusion rate in poultry diet. In this study, PKCÂ was subjected to a separation method using static cling and electrostatic separation to removethe shells present in PKC. Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design wasÂ used to optimize the separation method with moisture content (8 to 18%), particle sizeÂ distribution (0.5 to 2.5 mm) and feed rate (20 to 200 g/min) as the independent variablesÂ evaluated. According to the regression coefficients and significance of the quadratic polynomialÂ model, the optimum separation parameters were as follows: 13% PKC moisture content; <1.5mm PKC particle size and 110 g/min feed rate. Under these conditions, the total lignin contentÂ of PKC was reduced to 8.1% PKC and crude fibre to 10.2%.
Role of Foeniculum vulgare oil on the antimicrobial activity of some antibiotics against resistant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Abd El-Mongy Mahmoud . , Mohamed Shehab E. Talat , Mabrouk Mona I. , Mohammed Abeer Mohammed , Hamza Hanafy A. 
Published: April 2022

In this manuscript, the antimicrobial efficacy of fennel oil alone and combined with antibiotics were studied by the agar diffusion method. Fifty samples from edible food were collected from supermarkets in the El-Giza governorate, Cairo, Egypt. The presence of multi drug resistant bacteria in the edible food is reported. The aim of this work focuses the sensitivity improvement of the most five resistant Gram negative bacterial isolates due to the presence of fennel oil in the agar medium. Isolation was carried out by classical method using a selective medium followed by biochemical tests.Â The results showed that the identified isolates include 50 pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus spp. 10 isolates (40%), Micrococcus spp. 1 isolate (4%), E. coli 11 isolates (44%), Citrobacter freundii 1 isolate (4%), Enterobacter species 1 isolate (4%), Enterobacter cloacae 1 isolate (4%) and P. aeruginosa 1 isolate (4%). There are significant improvements in the antimicrobial activity of tetracycline against E. coli isolated from milk due to the fennel oil contained medium. In addition, the sensitivity of Enterobacter spp. to meropenem was significantly increased in the medium containing fennel oil. Furthermore, the sensitivity of E. coli and Enterobacter spp. had significantly decreased to ciprofloxacin in the medium containing fennel oil.
Effectiveness of Double Discs Synergy Test in the Confirmation of Extended Spectrum Î²-lactamase (ESÎ²L) Production
Authors: Garba L. , Yushaâ€™u M. , Abdullahi M.M. , Abubakar M.U. , Inuwa A.B. , Isa S. , Adamu M.T. 
Published: April 2022

Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESÎ²Ls) are enzymes which have evolved from bacteria upon exposure to penicillins antibiotics. Such bacteria have developed resistance to Beta lactam antibiotics and their relatives such as cephalosporins (extended spectrum beta lactam antibiotics). The enzymes represent the major source of multidrug resistance in gram negative bacteria. Different methods of confirming ESÎ²L production from bacteria have been described. Most of these methods suggest screening the test isolates in accordance with decrease in susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in preliminary susceptibility testing and use any of the available confirmatory tests for ESÎ²L production. However, it is not clear which confirmatory tests are the most sensitive and which extended-spectrum cephalosporins should be tested. In our previous study, disc replacement method was used to detect ESÎ²Ls production among Gram negative isolates from Gombe specialist hospital. In this report, the effectiveness of double disc synergy test (DDST) in the confirmation of ESÎ²L- production was studied from the clinical isolates obtained from this hospital for the first time to the best of our knowledge. A total of two hundred and fifty (250) bacteria screened to be suspected ESÎ²L-producers were subjected to confirmatory test using double disc synergy test (DDST). The method effectively confirmed ninety six (96) isolates to be ESÎ²L-producers. Esherichia coli had the highest occurrence (26, 27.08%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (20, 20.83%), Providencia spp. (14, 14.58%), Morganella morganii (12, 12.5%), Yersinia enterocolitica (6, 6.25%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Shigella spp. and Salmonella paratyphi A each with a total occurrence of 4(4.17%), Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, and Salmonella typhi each with an occurrence value of 2 (2.08%) while Proteus vulgaris was found to be negative ESÎ²L- producer. In conclusion, the DDST was found to be effective in the confirmation of ESÎ²L-production.
Utilization of Comprehensive Mathematical Modelling to Evaluate the Growth Kinetics of Pseudomonas putida LY1 on Phenol
Authors: Aisami Abubakar , Usman Mohammed Maikudi 
Published: April 2022

Kinetic equations, which explain the behaviour of a microbe or an enzyme towards a specific substrate, are key to understanding many phenomena in biotechnological processes. They facilitate the mathematical prediction of growth parameters essential for the identification of key growth control parameters. We remodelled Banerjee and Ghoshal's published research (Banerjee and Ghoshal 2010) using some more kinetic growth models, such as Monod, Teissier, Andrews and Noack, Hinshelwood, Moser, Aiba, Webb (Edward), Yano and Koga, Han and Levenspiel and Luong used statistical methods such as Root Mean Square (RMSE), Adjusted Coefficient of Determination ( R2), corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc), Bias Factor, Accuracy Factor to determine the accuracy of the fitted model. The best model was Haldane with the true value of ï­max determined as the value where the gradient for the slope is zero was 0.115 h-1 at 51 mg/L phenol. The results indicate that the exhaustive use of mathematical models on available published results could gleam new optimal models that can provide new knowledge on the way toxic substance inhibits growth rate in microbes.
İnsanlığın Bilgi Serüveni ve Hikmet İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Karakaya Vatan 
Published: April 2022

Mevcut çalışmanın temel amacı yazılı tarih bağlamında belirli medeniyet havzalarının tanrı ve bilgi tanımlarından hareketle bilgi-hikmet ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak Eski Yunan, İslâm ve Modern Batı medeniyet havzalarında öne çıkan düşünürler üzerinden hareketle tanrı ve bilgi tanımları verilmiştir. Daha sonra bu tanımlara dayalı olarak söz konusu medeniyetlerin bilgi ile hikmet arasındaki ilişkisi incelenmiştir. İslâm medeniyetinde tanımlı olan hikmet kavramı temel alınarak medeniyetlere ait bilgi-hikmet ilişkileri açıklandıktan sonra bu üç medeniyetin kurucu düşünürlerinin Tanrı inancı ve bilgi tanımlamalarıyla medeniyetler arasında genel bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Bu karşılaştırma sonucunda; Eski Yunan ve Modern Batı medeniyetlerinin tanrı ve bilgi tanımlamalarının benzer olduğu, bu iki medeniyet havzasının Tanrı inancı ve buna bağlı oluşan bilgi tanımlamasının hikmet kavramının içeriğini karşılamadığı görüşüne varılmıştır. İslâm medeniyetindeki hikmet kavramının farklılığının içerdiği kelam, felsefe ve tasavvuf geleneklerinin diğer medeniyetlerde görülmeyen şekilde özgün bir kaynaşma teşkil etmesi olduğu öne sürülmüştür. İslâm medeniyetinde bu üç düşünce geleneği, kendisinden önceki düşünceyi özümsemiş kendi geleneğini oluşturmuş ve sonraki medeniyete de zemin hazırlamıştır.
Variación de los Determinantes del Ingreso por Actividad Principal en el Perú, 2019-2020
Authors: Aldama Chávez Gustavo William , Huillcahuari Huamani Susan Victoria , Larico Flores Jesús Andrés , Vargas Salazar Ivonne Yanete 
Published: April 2022

Existe una estrecha correlación entre economía y educación, es fundamental el efecto de la enseñanza en la vida económica de las personas, al igual que los hechos económico-financieros inciden en el nivel de educación presente y futuro. Existen investigaciones que analizan esta correlación y que muestra múltiples variables. Sin embargo, la presente investigación pretende explorar las variaciones de los determinantes del ingreso de trabajadores según actividad principal en el Perú entre los años 2019 – 2020, a través del método de los mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y ecuaciones de Mincer, con un enfoque cuantitativo de alcance exploratorio y de tipo transversal, basándose en la información proporcionada por la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO). Entre los resultados más importantes se obtiene que la tasa de retorno de la educación no ha cambiado, manteniéndose en 6% en los años de estudio, además las brechas de ingreso entre los niveles educativos han permanecido casi invariables. Finalmente, este trabajo busca servir como una línea de partida para futuros trabajos de investigación que estén interesados en ahondar las causas de las brechas de ingreso, identificadas en este trabajo de investigación.
El-Bika'i i Islahi / Al-Biqaʻi and and Iṣlāhī
Authors: Khan Israr Ahmad 
Published: April 2022

It is recognized by scholars that there is a system of coherence in the Qur’ān and that each and every verse, large and small, constitutes an integral unit of the Qur’an. There are only two complete tafsīr (exigesis) of the Qur’ān based on the principle of coherence. One is in Arabic and the other is in Urdu. A comparative analysis of the two works shows that the coherence found in the Arabic exegesis was in its formative phase and that it was developed to its full form in the Urdu exigesis. The coherence in the Qur’ān found in the two exigesis deserves closer analysis as it may assist the rebuilding of the grand edifice of Islamic thought and life.
One of the methods of interpreting the Qur’ānic āyāt (verses) is known as naẓm al-Qur’ān (coherence in the Qur’ān). According to this method, the Qur’ān is considered an integral whole and all its verses in each chapter (sūrah) are coherent and cohesive. Only two scholars have used this method in their interpretation of the entire Qur’ān: Abū al-Ḥasan Ibrāhīm ibn 'Umar Burhān al-Dīn al-Biqā'ī and Amīn Aḥsan Iṣlāḥī. The former's exegesis (tafsīr) is in Arabic and the latter is in Urdu. This study attempts a comparative analysis of these two works and identifies the methods they have used to help understand the Qur’ān better.
Umjerenost u islamskoj i grčkoj tradiciji i etika vrline Kur'ana / Moderation in Greek and Islamic Traditions, and a Virtue Ethics of the Qur’an
Authors: Adeel M. Ashraf 
Published: April 2022

This article looks at some of the salient analyses of the concept of wasaṭīyah (moderation) in the ancient Greek and the Islamic traditions and uses them to develop a contemporary view of the matter. Greek ethics played a huge role in shaping the ethical views of Muslim philosophers and theologians, and thus the article starts with an overview of the revival of contemporary western virtue ethics, in many ways an extension of Platonic-Aristotelian ethics, and then looks briefly at the place of moderation or temperance in Platonic-Aristotelian ethics. This sets the stage for an exposition of the position taken by Ibn Miskawayh and al-Ghazali, which is then used as a backdrop for suggesting a revival of the Qur’an’s virtue ethics. After outlining a basis for its virtue ethics, the Qur’anic view of the virtue of wasaṭīyah is discussed briefly and its position on this virtue’s nature in terms of the individual and the community is presented.
The Changes in Accounting Standard: Their Impact of Implementation Allowance Impairment Losses
Authors: Rakastina Putri Hirda , Oktavia Reni , Rizki Eka Putri Widya 
Published: April 2022

Aims: This study aims to analyze the comparative of Allowance Impairment Losses (AIL) before and after implementation of PSAK 71 and its effect on banking profits.
Study Design: This study used the quatiative descriptive method.
Place and Duration of Study: Financial Services Authority, Period 2011-2020.
Methodology: This Study used quantitative data with secondary data from financial statement. The population are conventional commercial Indonesian banks registered with the Financial Services Authority in 2011 – 2020 with a sample of 46 banks. Data analysis in this study was conducted using independent sample t-test and multiple linear regression with using the IBM SPSS that is Descriptive Statistics, Independent Sample T-Test, and also Multiplelinear Regression.
Result: Based on the results of the indepedent sample t-test in this study, it showed that there were significant differences in the AIL variables before and after implementation of PSAK 71 . Based on the multiple linear regression test in this research, it shows that there is a negative and significant effect on AIL after the Implementation of the PSAK 71 on profit.
Conclusion: There are significant differences in the AIL before and after implementation PSAK 71 and negative significant effect on AIL after the implementation PSAK 71.
Research on Urban Road Traffic Flow Prediction Based on Wavelet Denoising and Multi-layer Perceptron
Authors: Zhang Longfeng , Yang Yiqi , Kang Hao , Deng Yanqiao 
Published: April 2022

Aims: Develop a novel traffic flow prediction model to improve the accuracy of traffic flow prediction, better assist intelligent traffic management, improve traffic efficiency, reduce traffic congestion, and thus better improve sanitation and quality of life.
Study Design: Develop an urban road traffic flow prediction model with strong predictive power and excellent stability.
Place and Duration of Study: Southwest University of Science and Technology, between July 2021 and March 2022.
Methodology: Adopting wavelet threshold to denoise, first decompose the original data, then perform noise filtering on the subsequences obtained after decomposing, and finally reconstruct the denoised data. Use denoised data to train a multilayer perceptron and make predictions on future data. At the same time, several representative models are selected to compare with the proposed model to verify the competitiveness of the proposed model.
Results: The proposed model has the smallest prediction error in the two training sets with different temporal granularity. In addition, we are using the data after wavelet denoising for training and prediction results in a smaller prediction error than using the data without denoising.
Conclusion: The proposed prediction model has strong prediction ability and generalization performance in the field of traffic flow prediction. The wavelet denoising method can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of traffic flow prediction.