bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-label feature selection using density-based graph clustering and ant colony optimization
Authors: Kakarash Zana Azeez , Mardukhia Farhad , Moradi Parham 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMulti-label learning is a machine learning subclass that aims to assign more than one label simultaneously for each instance. Many real-world tasks include high-dimensional data which reduces the performance of machine learning methods. To solve this issue, a filter and multi-label feature selection is proposed in this paper. The main idea of the proposed method is to choose highly relevant and non-redundant features with the lowest information loss. The proposed method first uses a novel graph-based density peaks clustering to group similar features to reach this goal. It then uses the ant colony optimization search process to rank features based on their relevancy to a set of labels and also their redundancy with the other features. A graph first represents the feature space, and then a novel density peaks clustering is used to group similar features. Then, the ants are searched through the graph to select a set of non-similar features by remaining in the clusters with a low probability and jumping among the clusters with a high probability. Moreover, in this paper, to evaluate the solutions found by the ants, a novel criterion based on mutual information was used to assign a high pheromone value to highly relevant and non-redundant features. Finally, the final features are chosen based on their pheromone values. The results of experiments on a set of real-world datasets show the superiority of the proposed method over a set of baseline and state-of-the-art methods.
How European Markets Became Free: A Study of Institutional Drift
Authors: Gutierrez German , Philippon Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Over the past 20 years, Europe has deregulated many industries, protected consumer welfare, and created strongly independent regulators. These policies represent a stark departure from historical traditions in continental Europe. How and why did this turnaround happen? We build a political economy model of market regulation and we compare the design of national and supra-national regulators. We show that countries in a single market willingly promote a supranational regulator that enforces free markets beyond the preferences of any individual country. We test and confirm the predictions of the model. European institutions are indeed more independent and enforce competition more strongly than any individual country ever did. Countries with ex-ante weaker institutions benefit more from the delegation of competition policy to the EU level.
Splitting hairs: differentiating juvenile from adult deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by hair width
Authors: Calhoun Timothy J , Mesa-Cruz J Bernardo , Holcombe Brogan E , Osborn David A , D’Angelo Gino J , Lafon Nelson , Kelly Marcella J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUngulates are a main component in carnivore diets but determining consumption of juveniles is difficult. Past studies have used size of prey remains such as small hooves or bones to classify scat samples as containing content attributable to juveniles. Hair thickness and color may also be used, but seasonality could influence the coat of an adult by developing thinner hairs in summer that more closely resemble those from juveniles. Given this uncertainty, we aimed to quantitatively determine a hair diameter threshold to categorize the age-class of ungulate hair in scats. We obtained hair samples from captive (n = 133) and vehicle-killed (n = 5) white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Georgia and Virginia. We used microphotography image analysis to measure the width of hairs and their cuticular casts. We used a linear model to assess differences among body locations, age-classes, and locations along the hair strand. We also analyzed the change in hair width of juveniles as they aged. Hair diameter of adults, but not juveniles, differed significantly depending on body location, yet adult hairs were always significantly wider than those from juveniles. Juvenile hairs significantly increased in width after mid-September, when they molt into adult coats in our study area. We identified 104.2 µm measured at either 1/8 or 1/4 distance from the follicle as a threshold width to distinguish adult from juvenile hairs, with 95.3% accuracy. Our findings indicate that juvenile white-tailed deer can be distinguished from adults based on the width of hairs found in carnivore scats up until juveniles are 5 months old. More broadly, our results demonstrate that hair width may be used to classify juvenile versus adult prey remains in carnivore diet studies in other predator–prey systems.
Economic Contribution of the Forest Sector in Kentucky: Community Dependence and Economic Well-Being
Authors: Poudel Kamana , Ochuodho Thomas O , Dhungel Gaurav 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRural communities depend on the forest sector to fulfill their subsistence needs and maintain economic well-being. The forest sector in Kentucky provides significant economic and employment opportunities to the rural communities in the state. Despite this, little is understood of how Kentucky communities’ dependence on the forest sector is related to their economic well-being. In this research, we divided Kentucky into three regions based on physiographic conditions and examine the economic contribution of the forest sector. We applied regression and correlation analyses to assess the relationship between forest sector dependence and economic well-being for Kentucky and for the three regions using common socioeconomic indicators for 2010 and 2017. Results indicate that although the forest sector plays a critical role in the livelihood of rural communities, its contribution is usually overshadowed by bigger sectors such as services and manufacturing. Accordingly, dependence on the forest sector usually results in a negative relationship with economic well-being.
A Novel Homozygous Pathogenic Variant in CYP11B1 in a Female Iranian Patient with 11B Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Marziyeh , Molavi Newsha , Norouzi Mahnaz , Aghaei Shahrzad , Zeinalian Mehrdad , Hashemipour Mahin , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) addresses a number of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the enzyme defects in steroid hormones biosynthesis. The second common form of CAH is caused by mutations in the CYP11B1 gene. Here, we reveal a novel mutation in the CYP11B1 gene related to the 11βOHD phenotype.

Methods and Results
Sequence analysis of the CYP11B1 gene in a 19-year-old Iranian woman with the 11βOHD phenotype was performed. In silico analysis and molecular docking were done. A novel missense homozygous variant c.1351C &gt; T (p.L451F) in the CYP11B1 gene was identified in the patient and, according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria, was categorized as likely pathogenic. Protein docking showed destructive effects of the variant on the CYP11B1 protein-ligand interactions.

Conclusion
This study broadens the CYP11B1 mutation spectrum and introduces the novel p.L451F likely pathogenic variant leading to destructive effects on protein-ligand interactions. Our results provide reliable information for genetic counseling and molecular diagnostics of CAH.
Modeling photometric variations due to a global inhomogeneity on an obliquely rotating star: Application to light curves of white dwarfs
Authors: Suto Yasushi , Sasaki Shin , Aizawa Masataka , Fujisawa Kotaro , Kashiyama Kazumi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We develop a general framework to compute photometric variations induced by the oblique rotation of a star with an axisymmetric inhomogeneous surface. We apply the framework to compute light curves of white dwarfs adopting two simple models of their surface inhomogeneity. Depending on the surface model and the location of the observer, the resulting light curve exhibits a departure from a purely sinusoidal curve that is observed for a fraction of white dwarfs. As a specific example, we fit our model to the observed phase-folded light curve of a fast-spinning white dwarf ZTF J190132.9+145808.7 (with a rotation period of 419 s). We find that the size and obliquity angle of the spot responsible for the photometric variation are Δθs ≈ 60° and θ⋆ ≈ 60° or 90°, respectively, implying an interesting constraint on the surface distribution of the magnetic field on white dwarfs.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXTENDED-RANGE BONNER SPHERE SPECTROMETER FOR CHINA INITIATIVE ACCELERATOR-DRIVEN SYSTEM
Authors: Wen Z W , Song S Y , Xu J K , Gong Y W , Huang Y X , Ran J L , Tang X Q , Chen Z Q , Li Y , Luo P 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo measure the extended-range neutron spectra and calibrate the extended-range neutron dosemeters of the China initiative Accelerator-Driven System (CiADS), an Extended-range Bonner Sphere Spectrometer (EBSS) has been developed. The EBSS was designed based on the PHITS codes, investigating various combinations of materials and diameters of the neutron moderators and the neutron multipliers for extended-range neutrons. Finally, seven polyethylene-only spheres and seven extended-range spheres were selected and subsequently built. The neutron multipliers of the extended-range spheres embedded concentric shells of lead, copper and tungsten. The response functions of the EBSS were analyzed and experimentally validated. It was subsequently tested with 252Cf neutron source and cosmic ray neutron source. The results demonstrate that the EBSS is capable of accurately measuring neutron spectra.
The Variable Disadvantage of Nonstandard Employment for Entering Homeownership in Russia and Urban China: The Potential Role of Mortgage Prevalence
Authors: Wang Jia , Gerber Theodore P 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNonstandard employment (NSE) is a disadvantage for entry into homeownership because it is associated with both lower average income and greater uncertainty of future income. These features of NSE make formal mortgage loans from banks riskier to take on and harder to obtain. This mechanism implies that the relative disadvantage of NSE for homeownership entry is greater in societies where, due to institutional and macro-economic factors, mortgages are a more prevalent means to acquire homes. We test these theoretical expectations by analyzing entry to homeownership using panel surveys from Russia and urban China, two former state socialist countries with comparable labor market regulations, housing regimes, and welfare protections, but different mortgage prevalence. NSE is associated with lowers rates of entering homeownership in urban China, where mortgages are far more common, but not in Russia. Moreover, this negative effect in urban China pertains only to home acquisitions via mortgages, not to homeownership entry via other paths. Our findings broaden sociological understanding of how NSE contributes to inequality by highlighting the role of income uncertainty. They also suggest that cross-national differences in financial institutions may moderate the disadvantages of NSE and thus shape the consequences of market transition for stratification.
Challenges Facing the Translation of Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Cartilage Lesions
Authors: Grogan Shawn , Kopcow Joel , D’Lima Darryl 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a common disease resulting in significant disability without approved disease-modifying treatment (other than total joint replacement). Stem cell-based therapy is being actively explored for the repair of cartilage lesions in the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis. Embryonic stem cells are a very attractive source as they address many of the limitations inherent in autologous stem cells, such as variability in function and limited expansion. Over the past 20 years, there has been widespread interest in differentiating ESC into mesenchymal stem cells and chondroprogenitors with successful in vitro, ex vivo, and early animal studies. However, to date, none have progressed to clinical trials. In this review, we compare and contrast the various approaches to differentiating ESC; and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of each approach. Approaches relying on spontaneous differentiation are simpler but not as efficient as more targeted approaches. Methods replicating developmental biology are more efficient and reproducible but involve many steps in a complicated process. The small-molecule approach, arguably, combines the advantages of the above two methods because of the relative efficiency, reproducibility, and simplicity. To better understand the reasons for lack of progression to clinical applications, we explore technical, scientific, clinical, and regulatory challenges that remain to be overcome to achieve success in clinical applications.
A Systematic Review of Histopathologic Surveys on Mucocutaneous Biopsies in Patients Developed COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Dermatologic Manifestations
Authors: Salehi Sadaf , Sadeghi Sara , Kalantari Yasamin , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Coronavirus 2 is an infectious agent primarily identified as the cause of a pandemic viral pneumonia. With the mass vaccination against this virus, one of the health issues is the safety of currently available vaccines considering their adverse reactions. This systematic review was conducted to assess and summarize all reported data on histopathologic findings associated with mucocutaneous reactions that developed after COVID-19 vaccination for a better pathophysiology interpretation and clinical management of these reactions. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases as well as Google Scholar engine for relevant English articles published till July 1, 2022. This review includes 131 studies with a total number of 287 cases. Eruptions that underwent a biopsy were mostly described as erythematous maculopapular, papulosquamous, vasculitis-like, lichenoid, or urticarial lesions. Histopathology revealed spongiosis, interstitial, and perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltration, erythrocyte extravasation, parakeratosis, endothelial inflammation, and the like. Findings were highly consistent with morbilliform erythema, psoriasiform dermatosis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and lichenoid or urticarial drug reactions. The majority of these reactions had a mild nature and were primarily observed in patients with underlying health conditions. Microscopic evaluation was also consistent with transient inflammatory changes, and features like neutrophilic infiltrates, subcorneal pustules, and vasculopathy were less frequently reported than what seen in COVID infection. Therefore, dermatologic reactions developing after vaccination in the general population should not hinder a complete vaccination.
Drug-coated balloons are not inferior to drug-coated stents in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and shorten the duration of dual antiplatelet treatment
Authors: Yang Jing , Chang Shuting , Liu Jing , Zhang Guanzhao , Wang Yue , Zhang Baixue , Nie Zifan , Dong Yuanbao , Li Bo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are an up-and-coming tactic in treating in-stent restenosis and coronary artery small vessel disease, but their efficacy in treating acute myocardial infarction needs to be further explored.

Methods
A meta-analysis of 7 studies was conducted to make a comparison with the results of DCB and drug-eluting stent implantation after a median follow-up of 15 months.

Results
A total of 922 patients were included in this analysis in total, including 375 patients in the DCB group and 547 patients in the stent group. A total of 962 vascular diseases were manifested in the 2 groups. After 6 to 24 months of follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio [OR]: 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52–1.29; Z = 0.85; P = 0.39), cardiac death (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.39–2.12; Z = 0.21; P = 0.84), target lesion revascularization (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.53–2.25; Z = 0.24; P = 0.81), late lumen loss (MD: −0.05; 95% CI: −0.15 to 0.06; Z = 0.85; P = 0.40), or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.53–2.05; Z = 0.11; P = 0.91) between the 2 groups. In the DCB group, persistent residual stenosis or C-F dissection occurrence necessitated that a total of 30 patients receive extra bailout implantations. The rate of bailout stenting was 11.8% (95% CI: 7.1–16). Moreover, the DCB group had a shorter DAPT duration compared with the stent group.

Conclusion
Drug-coated balloons with shorter DAPT durations may be as effective and safe as stent therapy in treating acute myocardial infarction.
Devastating neurologic injury associated with fat embolism syndrome
Authors: Balcome Charles D. , Lim Hoang 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome (FES) may present with a constellation of symptoms and continues to be a diagnosis of exclusion. Fat embolism syndrome is a poorly understood syndrome, which is typically associated with orthopedic trauma, most commonly with long bone fractures. Understanding the presentation of FES is essential to provide timely and appropriate interventions and to ensure optimal patient outcomes. The following is a case report of FES in a 39-year-old man following a motor vehicle collision in which he sustained a comminuted fracture of the right femur. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with FES using Gurd criteria in conjunction with frequent assessment of the patient's clinical picture, as well as exclusion of other differential diagnoses. Nurse practitioners and other providers should understand the constellation of symptoms that may be associated with FES to improve prevention and ensure timely intervention.
Pathogenesis of intrinsic acute kidney injury
Authors: Devarajan Prasad 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
This review focuses on the pathogenesis of intrinsic acute kidney injury (AKI), emphasizing recent advances that hold therapeutic promise.

Recent findings
Enhanced endothelin and reduced endothelium-derived nitric oxide release in AKI can be blocked using endothelin receptor antagonists or nitric oxide supplementation. Vasodilatory agents such as theophylline and caffeine may prevent AKI. Free labile iron is a potent factor in the generation of reactive oxygen species and tubule damage in AKI. Apoptosis via induction of p53 is an important mechanism of cell death in AKI, which can be blocked using small interfering RNA. The AKI-driven reduction in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide can be countered using oral supplements. Surviving tubule cells regenerate after AKI, by upregulating genes encoding growth factors, such as hepatocyte growth factor. Pro-angiogenic agents (statins and erythropoietin) that can mobilize endothelial progenitor cells after AKI are currently being tested. The inflammatory response in AKI, including activation of C5a, can be therapeutically targeted. Contemporary single cell profiling technologies have identified novel genes with altered expression, new signalling pathways and drug targets in AKI.

Summary
Recent advances in the pathogenesis of intrinsic AKI have provided a better understanding of the clinical continuum and the rational deployment of promising therapeutics.
Anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects of lamotrigine on pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice
Authors: Onishi Kouhei , Kamida Tohru , Fujiki Minoru , Momii Yasutomo , Sugita Kenji 
Published: December 2022

Objectives
The anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects of lamotrigine on status epilepticus (SE) are incompletely understood. We assessed these effects of lamotrigine on pilocarpine (Pilo)-induced SE in mice.

Methods
Male C57BL/J6 mice were assigned to three groups: the control group, Pilo (400 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced SE (Pilo group) and lamotrigine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) treated (Pilo/lamotrigine group). The latency to SE of Racine’s stage 3 or higher, the mortality rate within 2 h of Pilo administration, and the duration of SE until sacrifice were examined. Nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde and glutathione of oxidative stress biomarkers were detected in the hippocampus of the sacrificed animals in the above groups. NO was also detected in the cultured rat hippocampal neurons treated with 4 μM Pilo, Pilo+100 μM lamotrigine (Pilo/lamotrigine) and Pilo/lamotrigine+ N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist (10 μM MK-801, 3 μM ifenprodil) to examine the antioxidant effects of lamotrigine via non-NMDA-related pathways.

Results
lamotrigine prolonged the latency to SE, the SE duration until sacrifice, and decreased the mortality rate in mice with Pilo-induced SE. Lamotrigine also decreased hippocampal concentrations of NO and malondialdehyde and increased the concentrations of glutathione in the SE model. Furthermore, there were significant differences in NO concentrations between groups of cultured rat hippocampal neurons treated with Pilo and Pilo/lamotrigine, and with Pilo/lamotrigine and Pilo/lamotrigine+MK-801.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that lamotrigine exerts anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects on SE, but its antioxidant activity may not be fully exerted via NMDA-related pathways.
The effects of pks+Escherichia coliand bile acid in colorectal tumorigenesis among people with cholelithiasis or cholecystectomy
Authors: Pan Si-Yuan , Zhou Cheng-Bei , Deng Jia-Wen , Zhou Yi-Lu , Liu Zhu-Hui , Fang Jing-Yuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPatients with cholelithiasis (CL) or cholecystectomy (CE) would have more chances to get colorectal adenoma (CRA) or cancer (CRC). To figure out the effect of gut microbiota and bile acid on colorectal neoplasm in CL and CE patients, we executed a retrospective observational study recruited 463 volunteers, including 182 people with normal gallbladder (Normal), 135 CL and 146 CE patients. The discovery cohort was established to explore the difference of gut microbiota through 16S rRNA sequencing. The validation cohort aimed to verify the results of sequencing through qPCR. Through this research, significant enrichment ofEscherichia coliwas found in patients with cholelithiasis or cholecystectomy both in discovery cohort (PNormal-CL=0.013;PNormal-CE=0.042) and in validation cohort (PNormal-CL<0.0001;PNormal-CE<0.0001). The relative abundance ofEscherichia coliwas also increased in CRA and CRC patients (in discovery cohort,PHC-CRA=0.045,PHC-CRC=0.0016; in validation cohort,PHC-CRA=0.0063,PHC-CRC=0.0007). Pks+Escherichia coliwas found enriched in CL and CE patients in validation cohort (PNormal-CL<0.0001;PNormal-CE<0.0001). Through KEGG analysis in discovery cohort, the differences of bile acid metabolism were revealed (Ko00120 primary bile acid biosynthesisP=0.014; Ko00121 secondary bile acid biosynthesisP=0.010). In validation cohort, we also found the elevation of serum total bile acid of CE patients (P<0.0001). And the level of serum total bile acid was found associated with the relative abundance of pks+Escherichia coli(r=0.1895,P=0.0012). In one word, our research found thatEscherichia coli, especially pks+species, was enriched in CL and CE patients. Pks+Escherichia coliand bile acid metabolism were associated with CRA and CRC in people after cholecystectomy.