bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The health care utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditure associated with Australian stroke survivors aged 55 and over
Authors: Sibbritt David , Hosseini Mahdie , Peng Wenbo , Bayes Jessica , Adams Jon 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. People with stroke have a number of options available to treat post-stroke related symptoms and challenges. The aim of this study was to assess the use of healthcare services, self-care practices and out-of-pocket expenses associated with post-stroke healthcare.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed data collected between April and October 2017 from a survey of 576 participants aged 55 to 96 from the 45 and Up Study, NSW (Australia), who had earlier reported a clinical diagnosis of stroke. Participants were asked about their use of health care services, including conventional medicine practitioners and medications, complementary medicine practitioners, practices and products and the respective associated out-of-pocket expenditure for each.

Results
Amongst the total of 576 individuals who participated in the study, 39% consulted a doctor, 18% consulted an allied health practitioner, and 8% consulted a complementary medicine practitioner in the previous year for their stroke. Participants’ average combined out-of-pocket expenditure for post-stroke related healthcare was AU$386.4 per annum. Extrapolated to all Australians with stroke, aged 55 years and over, the total out-of-pocket expenditure for post-stroke related healthcare is estimated to be AU$42 million per annum.

Conclusions
Post-stroke individuals used a wide range of health services and various self-care practices for stroke rehabilitation. Such healthcare utilisation is associated with significant annual out-of-pocket expenditure. Given the socioeconomic burden of stroke, further research is required to identify the barriers and facilitators of self-care among patients with stroke and explore the cost-effectiveness of the wide range of treatments(s) utilised for post-stroke care.
Prognostic value of CD155/TIGIT expression in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Murakami Daisuke , Matsuda Kenji , Iwamoto Hiromitsu , Mitani Yasuyuki , Mizumoto Yuki , Nakamura Yuki , Matsuzaki Ibu , Iwamoto Ryuta , Takahashi Yuichi , Kojima Fumiyoshi , Murata Shin-ichi , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
The interaction of CD155 with its ligand, the T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), is being studied owing to its potential to act as a target in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, the relationship between CD155 and TIGIT in colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis is not known. We hypothesized that the TIGIT–CD155 pathway suppresses the attack of T cells on tumors, thereby affecting CRC prognosis.

Methods
We examined the expression of CD155 and TIGIT using immunohistochemical staining in 100 consecutive patients with CRC who underwent complete resection of ≤Stage III tumors at Wakayama Medical University Hospital between January and December 2013. We assessed the correlation between CD155 and TIGIT expressions and prognosis as well as the clinicopathological background of CD155 and TIGIT.

Results
Patients with high CD155 and TIGIT expressions showed worse prognosis than those with other levels of expression (p = 0.026). In multivariate analysis that also included the existing prognostic markers, high CD155 and TIGIT expressions were identified as independent poor prognostic factors.

Conclusions
The interaction between CD155 and TIGIT possibly plays an important role in the immunological mechanism of CRC. Therefore, it may be possible to effectively predict the postoperative prognosis of CRC by evaluating the combined expression of CD155 and TIGIT. The study findings suggest that CD155 and TIGIT can predict clinical outcomes, thereby contributing to the personalized care of CRC.
Burden of oral cancer in Asia from 1990 to 2019: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study
Authors: Xie Long , Shang Zhengjun 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundOral cancer (OC) poses a threat to human health and imposes a heavy burden on countries. We assessed the burden imposed by OC on Asian nations from 1990 to 2019 based on gender and age.MethodsWe collected oral cancer data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019 in 45 Asian countries and territories. Annual case data and age-standardised rates (ASRs) were used to investigate the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of OC based on age and gender from 1990 to 2019 in 45 Asian countries and territories. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were used to assess incidence rate, mortality, and trends in DALYs.ResultsThe age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of OC increased from 1990 to 2019 with an EAPC of 0.32 (95% CI, 0.19–0.46), and the age-standardised death rate of OC remained stable at an EAPC of 0.08 (95%CI, from -0.06 to 0.21). The age-standardised DALYs of OC decreased at an EAPC of -0.16 (95%CI, from -0.30 to -0.02). The proportion of patients older than 70 years increased yearly in terms of incidence, mortality, and DALYs from 1990 to 2019. Of the DALYs, smoking was the main contributor in the Asian regions, and the largest contributor to DALYs in most Asian regions. Other contributors were alcohol use and chewing tobacco.ConclusionAlthough the burden of OC was declining in Asia, South Asia remained the region with the highest burden. OC caused the greatest burden in Pakistan, Taiwan China, and India. Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce the burden of oral cancer in high-risk regions and countries with attributable risk factors.
Low versus high dose anticoagulation in patients with Coronavirus 2019 pneumonia at the time of admission to critical care units: A multicenter retrospective cohort study in the Beaumont healthcare system
Authors: Al-Banaa Kadhim , Alshami Abbas , Elhouderi Eiman , Hannoodee Sally , Hannoodee Maryam , Al-Hillan Alsadiq , Alhasson Hussam , Musa Faisal , Varon Joseph , Einav Sharon 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Coagulopathy is common in patients with COVID-19. The ideal approach to anticoagulation remains under debate. There is a significant variability in existing protocols for anticoagulation, and these are mostly based on sporadic reports, small studies, and expert opinion.

Materials and methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated the association between anticoagulation dose and inpatient mortality among critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) or step-down units (SDUs) of eight Beaumont Healthcare hospitals in Michigan, USA from March 10th to April 15th, 2020.

Results
Included were 578 patients with a median age of 64 years; among whom, 57.8% were males. Most patients (n = 447, 77.3%) received high dose and one in four (n = 131, 22.7%) received low dose anticoagulation. Overall mortality rate was 41.9% (n = 242). After adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, race, BMI, ferritin level at hospital admission, intubation, comorbidities, mSOFA, and Padua score), administration of high anticoagulation doses at the time of ICU/SDU admission was associated with decreased inpatient mortality (OR 0.564, 95% CI 0.333–0.953, p = 0.032) compared to low dose.

Conclusion
Treatment with high dose anticoagulation at the time of ICU/SDU admission was associated with decreased adjusted mortality among critically ill adult patients with COVID-19.
Perceived risk and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine: A survey among general public in Pakistan
Authors: Beg Bilal Mahmood , Hussain Tariq , Ahmad Mehmood , Areej Sadaf , Majeed Arfa , Rasheed Muhammad Adil , Ahmad Muhammad Moin , Shoaib Qurat-ul-Ain , Aroosa Sadaf 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease has become a global pandemic, and it continues to wreak havoc on global health and the economy. The development of vaccines may offer a potential eradication of COVID-19. This study evaluated the general knowledge, attitude, and perception of COVID-19 vaccines in the Pakistani population.MethodsA self-reporting e-survey and questionnaire-based survey from vaccination centers of different cities of Pakistan among 502 participants were conducted. The questionnaire comprised four sections inquiring demographics, vaccination status, and perception or attitude towards the vaccine. Univariate logistic regression was applied to predict the knowledge, attitude and behavior of participants.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 50.8±20.3 years. 53% of the participants have both doses of vaccine administered. Pain on the site of injection (49.8%) was the most common symptom, followed by asthenia (43.0%), muscle pain (29.5%), and swelling (24.5%) on the site of vaccine administration. Females complain of more symptoms than males. More severe symptoms were reported after the first dose of vaccine administration; these symptoms subsided within a week for most participants. Overall, the respondents have a positive attitude towards the vaccine. 47.4% are sure about the vaccine’s efficacy, 48.6% said getting vaccinated was their own decision, and 79.9% also recommended others to get vaccinated.ConclusionThe study concluded that the Pakistani population has a positive attitude but inadequate knowledge towards COVID-19 vaccines. Immediate awareness and vaccination education programs should be conducted by the authorities to complete the mass vaccination schedule.
Supplementation with dietary omega-3 PUFA mitigates fetal brain inflammation and mitochondrial damage caused by high doses of sodium nitrite in maternal rats
Authors: Sun Jingchi , Zhang Weishe 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveFood safety and nutrition during pregnancy are important concerns related to fetal brain development. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA ω-3) on exogenous sodium nitrite intervention-induced fetal brain injury in pregnant rats.MethodsDuring pregnancy, rats were exposed to water containing sodium nitrite (0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.25%) to establish a fetal rat brain injury model. Inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or flow cytometry. Subsequently, animals were divided into three groups: control, model, and 4% PUFA ω-3. Pregnancy outcomes were measured and recorded. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were utilized to observe brain injury. ELISA, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were adopted to measure the levels of inflammatory factors, the NRF1/HMOX1 signaling pathway, and mitochondrial and oxidative stress damage.ResultsWith the increase of sodium nitrite concentration, the inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels increased. Therefore, the high dose group was set as the model group for the following experiments. After PUFA ω-3 treatment, the fetal survival ratio, average body weight, and brain weight were elevated. The cells in the PUFA ω-3 group were more closely arranged and more round than the model. PUFA ω-3 treatment relieved inflammatory factors, oxidative stress levels, and mitochondria damage while increasing the indicators related to brain injury and NRF1/HMOX1 levels.ConclusionsSodium nitrite exposure during pregnancy could cause brain damage in fetal rats. PUFA ω-3 might help alleviate brain inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage, possibly through the NRF1/HMOX1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, appropriately reducing sodium nitrite exposure and increasing PUFA omega-3 intake during pregnancy may benefit fetal brain development. These findings could further our understanding of nutrition and health during pregnancy.
Complete Life in theEudemian Ethics
Authors: Vinje Hilde 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn theEudemian EthicsII 1, 1219a34–b8, Aristotle defines happiness as ‘the activity of a complete life in accordance with complete virtue’. Most scholars interpret a complete life as a whole lifetime, which means that happiness involves virtuous activity over an entire life. This article argues against this common reading by using Aristotle’s notion of ‘activity’ (energeia) as a touchstone. It argues that happiness, according to theEudemian Ethics, must be a complete activity that reaches its end at any and every moment. The upshot of this reading is that life reaches completenesswithina lifetime and that death cannot be the requirement for making life complete.
Numerical study of coupled natural convection to surface radiation in an open cavity submitted to lateral or corner heating
Authors: Charqui Zouhair , Boukendil Mohammed , El Moutaouakil Lahcen , Zrikem Zaki , Abdelbaki Abdelhalim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present study reports numerical results of coupled heat transfer by natural convection and surface radiation in an open air-filled cavity. Two heating modes are considered; in the first mode called LH (lateral heating), the cavity is heated via its lateral wall, while in the second mode named CH (corner heating), the cavity is heated via its bottom corner (the lower half of the vertical wall and the left half of the bottom wall). The rest of the walls are assumed to be perfectly adiabatic. The conservation equations were solved using the Finite Volume Method (FVM) combined with the SIMPLE algorithm (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations). The radiation heat transfer between the different surfaces of the cavity was treated by the radiosity-irradiation method. Results are presented in terms of isotherms, streamlines, and Nusselt numbers. The effect of the Rayleigh number Ra on the flow structure, the distribution of temperature gradients, the local and mean Nusselt numbers is discussed. Also, a comparison between results of the two heating modes is conducted.
Extraction and characterization of Alfa fibers and their use to produce Alfa/wool woven fabrics for composite reinforcement
Authors: Lamhour Kawtar , Rouway Marwane , Mrajji Ouahiba , Tizliouine Abdeslam , Omari Lhaj El Hachemi , Salhi Hayat , Chakhchaoui Nabil , Cherkaoui Omar , El Wazna Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Because of their appealing properties, such as biodegradability, high basic stiffness, low density, and low cost, natural fibers have begun to be used in a variety of applications. In comparison to synthetics, they are also reusable. The aim of this work is to develop new woven materials made of wool and Alfa fibers (Stipa-tenacissima). The extraction of Alfa fibers was achieved via alkaline treatment. The chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties of the extracted fibers were determined. Wovens were produced using the weaving of taffetas technique. This study presents a chemical, physical, morphological and mechanical characterization of Alfa/wool yarns and fabrics. The results show that the fabric made of fibers treated with 2 mol concentration of NaOH presents the greatest morphological structure and a higher degree of crystallinity due to the reorganization of the molecular chains that results in a better orientation of the fibers compared to other concentrations. On the other hand, the results of the tensile test show that the Young’s modulus of the Alfa/Alfa woven fabric is 8 ± 1.157 MPa in the weft direction, compared to the Alfa/wool woven fabric which has 6.06 ± 0.196 MPa and wool/wool woven fabric with 14.10 ± 1.369 MPa.
Moderating effect of bone maturation on the relationship between body fat and insulin resistance
Authors: Flores Luis , Fragoso Isabel , De León Lidia G. , Ortiz-Rodríguez Briseidy , Candia-Luján Ramón , Carrasco-Legleu Claudia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to analyze the moderating effect of maturation on the relationship between body fat and insulin resistance, in children from 9 to 12 years.

Methods
Maturity offset, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body fat percentage (BF%) were estimated in 127 children. Skeletal maturation indicator (SMI) was estimated in 105 participants. A moderation analysis based on a linear regression and on Johnson-Neyman technique was performed using a 95% confidence level.

Results
BF%, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR values were lower in late maturers than on-time maturers (p<0.05). SMI moderated the relationship between BF% and HOMA-IR index in 11.1% of boys and in 32.5% of girls (p<0.05). Also, the highest values of HOMA-IR index were observed at −1 year to achieve the peak height velocity, in girls (p<0.05).

Conclusions
Maturation process has a moderation effect on the relationship BF% and insulin resistance, particularly in early maturers; furthermore, it was independently associated with HOMA-IR.
Transformation of Polish Military Administration in the First Half of Seventeenth Century – Ideas and its Realization
Authors: Gawron Przemysław 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe article aims to present some proposal of transformation of Polish military administration in the first half of the seventeenth century and its realization in the form of successful attempt to establish the office of Master of Ordnance (starszy nad armatą) and failed rehearsal to regulate the question of food supply for Polish army stationing on the south-eastern border.MethodologyThe author has examined manuscript and printed narrative, normative and treasury sources. He compared the results with existing historiography concerning this topic.Principal findings/ResultsAffected by the negative results of war against Sweden between 1621 and 1629, Polish and Lithuanian noble elite agreed to establish new office of Master of Ordnance with new tax to finance artillery on condition that King’s domain would be burdened by it. At the same time, the diet rejected all proposals tended to transform the system of food supply for army defending the south-eastern border of Poland, especially establishing new taxes and officials.Conclusions/SignificancesIt was widely expected from the King to prepare the defence of the country from his own sources. Many nobles, especially from western part of the Commonwealth shared the aversion for new taxes dedicated to the defence of the southern border against Tatars’ raids, while inhabitants of Ruthenia or Ukraine were not going to pay new taxes alone and suffer the presence of the troops at the same time. The creation of the office of master of ordnance shows clearly that change in military administration was possible, if the nobility was convinced that reforms were necessary and saw the option to pay for it from King’s coffer, in which case the complaints of the opponents were gladly dismissed. It seems that in the case of army supply too many parliamentarians and their electors did not see the sufficient need for a change and rejected the idea to burden the possessors of King’s estates by new tax.
Music affects functional brain connectivity and is effective in the treatment of neurological disorders
Authors: Speranza Luisa , Pulcrano Salvatore , Perrone-Capano Carla , di Porzio Umberto , Volpicelli Floriana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In a million years, under the pressure of natural selection, hominins have acquired the abilities for vocal learning, music, and language. Music is a relevant human activity, highly effective in enhancing sociality, is a universal experience common to all known human cultures, although it varies in rhythmic and melodic complexity. It has been part of human life since the beginning of our history, or almost, and it strengthens the mother-baby relation even within the mother’s womb. Music engages multiple cognitive functions, and promotes attention, concentration, imagination, creativity, elicits memories and emotions, and stimulates imagination, and harmony of movement. It changes the chemistry of the brain, by inducing the release of neurotransmitters and hormones (dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin) and activates the reward and prosocial systems. In addition, music is also used to develop new therapies necessary to alleviate severe illness, especially neurological disorders, and brain injuries.
Simulation von Bestückungsautomaten in der Elektronikmontage
Authors: Günther Hans-Otto , Föhrenbach Andreas , Grunow Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bei der Bestückung von Leiterplatten kommen hochkomplexe und kapitalintensive Bestükkungsautomaten zum Einsatz. Deren Produktionsleistung ist jedoch von vielen Faktoren abhängig. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Simulationswerkzeug vorgestellt, das sowohl die Auswahl und anwenderspezifische Modifikation der Automaten als auch die Fertigungsplanung und -steuerung des vorhandenen Maschinenparks erleichtert.
Prozeßführung und Energiebedarf bei spanenden Fertigungsverfahren
Authors: Schulz Herbert , Schiefer Ekkehard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Der überwiegende Teil der Energie bei der spanenden Fertigung wird lastunabhängig in Werkzeugmaschine und Prozeßperipherie verbraucht. Die Tendenz zu immer schnelleren Maschinen wird diesen Effekt exponentiell verstärken. Bei Einführung einer CO2-Steuer können die Energiekosten auch zu einem Kostenfaktor für Zerspanungsbetriebe werden.
Bohren metallischer Schichtverbundwerkstoffe*
Authors: Clausen Rolf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In der Flugzeugfertigung hat das Bohren von metallischen Schichtverbundwerkstoffen aus Aluminium und Titan hohe Bedeutung. Aus den sehr unterschiedlichen Zerspanbarkeitseigenschaften der Einzelbleche und zunehmender Gesamtdicke der Blechstrukturen resultieren Schwierigkeiten bei der Fertigung. In diesem Beitrag werden die Bohrprobleme sowie ausgewählte Ergebnisse von Bohrversuchen bezüglich auftretender Zerspankräfte, erzeugter Bohrungsdurchmesser und des Werkzeugverschleißes aufgezeigt.
Bereich Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Uhlmann Eckart 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Der Bereich Werkzeugmaschinen des Instituts für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fabrikbetrieb der TU Berlin im Produktionstechnischen Zentrum (PTZ) Berlin arbeitet an der Entwicklung neuer Maschinenkonzepte sowie der Optimierung von Werkzeugmaschinen und ihrer Komponenten. Hauptziele sind die Minimierung der Einflüsse von Störgrößen auf Fertigungssysteme sowie eine Überwachung und Kontrolle von Fertigungsprozessen.
Rekonfigurierbare Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Heisel Uwe , Michaelis Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Der nicht prognostizierbare Wandel des Marktes führt zu Schwankungen in der Auftragslage eines produzierenden Unternehmens und damit zu ständigen Veränderungen der Anforderungen an die Bearbeitungssysteme hinsichtlich der Fertigungsaufgaben und des Kapazitätsbedarfs. Dieses erfordert die Entwicklung neuer Bearbeitungssysteme, die sich bei hoher Fertigungsflexibilität und hoher Produktivität innerhalb kurzer Zeiträume an die aktuelle Situation anpassen lassen.
Bildverarbeitung
Authors: Adam Wolfgang , Nickolay Bertram 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Im Zuge der Automatisierung der Fertigung hat die Industrie die Nutzung der rechnerunterstützten Bildverarbeitung als einen der entscheidenden Faktoren für eine wirtschaftliche Produktion erkannt. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in die Entwicklung der industriellen Bildverarbeitung und zeigt, wie dieses Verfahren auf neue Anwendungsfelder übertragen werden kann.
Steuerungstechnik für Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Hohwieler Eckhard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Die Automatisierung von Produktionsanlagen konnte aufgrund der rasanten Entwicklung im Bereich der Mikroelektronik durch gesteigerte Produktivität und Bearbeitungsvielfalt neue Rationalisierungspotentiale erschließen. Nachdem die Mikroprozessoren Einzug in Automatisierungsgeräte und Steuerungen hielten, wurde zunehmend die in Software implementierte Funktionalität entscheidender Faktor für den Leistungsumfang eines Systems.