bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐organic soil amendment promotes the suppression of Ralstonia solanacearum by inducing changes in the functionality and composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities
Authors: Deng Xuhui , Zhang Na , Li Yuchan , Zhu Chengzhi , Qu Baoyuan , Liu Hongjun , Li Rong , Bai Yang , Shen Qirong , Falcao Salles Joana 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Stimulating the development of soil suppressiveness against certain pathogens represents a sustainable solution toward reducing pesticide use in agriculture. However, understanding the dynamics of suppressiveness and the mechanisms leading to pathogen control remain largely elusive.

Here, we investigated the mechanisms used by the rhizosphere microbiome induces bacterial wilt disease suppression in a long‐term field experiment where continuous application of bio‐organic fertilizers (BFs) triggered disease suppressiveness when compared to chemical fertilizer application. We further demonstrated in a glasshouse experiment that the suppressiveness of the rhizosphere bacterial communities was triggered mainly by changes in community composition rather than only by the abundance of the introduced biocontrol strain.

Metagenomics approaches revealed that members of the families Sphingomonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae with the ability to produce secondary metabolites were enriched in the BF plant rhizosphere but only upon pathogen invasion. We experimentally validated this observation by inoculating bacterial isolates belonging to the families Sphingomonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae into conducive soil, which led to a significant reduction in pathogen abundance and increase in nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene abundance.

We conclude that priming of the soil microbiome with BF amendment fostered reactive bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of tomato plants in response to biotic disturbance.
Using landscape genomics to delineate seed and breeding zones for lodgepole pine
Authors: Yu Yue , Aitken Sally N. , Rieseberg Loren H. , Wang Tongli 
Published: May 2022

SummarySeed and breeding zones traditionally are delineated based on local adaptation of phenotypic traits associated with climate variables, an approach requiring long‐term field experiments. In this study, we applied a landscape genomics approach to delineate seed and breeding zones for lodgepole pine.We used a gradient forest (GF) model to select environment‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using three SNP datasets (full, neutral and candidate) and 20 climate variables for 1906 lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) individuals in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. The two GF models built with the full (28 954) and candidate (982) SNPs were compared.The GF models identified winter‐related climate as major climatic factors driving genomic patterns of lodgepole pine’s local adaptation. Based on the genomic gradients predicted by the full and candidate GF models, lodgepole pine distribution range in British Columbia and Alberta was delineated into six seed and breeding zones.Our approach is a novel and effective alternative to traditional common garden approaches for delineating seed and breeding zone, and could be applied to tree species lacking data from provenance trials or common garden experiments.
Remote after‐care using smartphones: A feasibility study of monitoring children’s pain with automated SMS messaging
Authors: Drake‐Brockman Thomas F. E. , Smallbone Harry E. , Sommerfield David , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMonitoring children's recovery postoperatively is important for routine care, research, and quality improvement. Although telephone follow‐up is common, it is also time‐consuming and intrusive for families. Using SMS messaging to communicate with families regarding their child's recovery has the potential to address these concerns. While a previous survey at our institution indicated that parents were willing to communicate with the hospital by SMS, data on response rates for SMS‐based postoperative data collection is limited, particularly in pediatric populations.AimsWe conducted a feasibility study with 50 completed pain profiles obtained from patients at Perth Children's Hospital to examine response rates.MethodsWe collected and classified daily average pain (0–10 parent proxy score) on each day after tonsillectomy until pain‐free for two consecutive days.ResultsWe enrolled 62 participants and recorded 50 (81%) completed pain profiles, with 711 (97.9%) of 726 requests for a pain score receiving a response. Two families (3%) opted out of the trial, and 10 (16%) were lost to follow‐up. Responses received were classified automatically in 92% of cases. No negative feedback was received, with a median (range) satisfaction score of 5 on a 5‐point Likert scale (1 = very unhappy, 5 = very happy).ConclusionsThis methodology is likely to generalize well to other simple clinical questions and produce good response rates in further similar studies. We expect SMS messaging to permit expanded longitudinal data collection and broader investigation into patient recovery than previously feasible using telephone follow‐up at our institution.
Higher heart rate variability predicts better affective interaction quality in non‐intimate social interactions
Authors: Mauersberger Heidi , Tune Jennifer L. , Kastendieck Till , Czarna Anna Z. , Hess Ursula 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdaptive emotional responding is crucial for psychological well‐being and the quality of social interactions. Resting heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic nervous system activity, has been suggested to index individual differences in emotion regulation (ER). As non‐intimate social interactions require more regulatory efforts than intimate social interactions, we predicted that the association between HRV and affective interaction quality is moderated by the perceived intimacy of the exchange. Thus, we expected higher HRV to be particularly beneficial for affective interaction quality in non‐intimate social interactions. Resting HRV was measured in the laboratory (N = 144). Subsequently, participants reported their affective interaction quality—as indicated by more positive and fewer negative emotions perceived in the self and the other—during an experience‐sampling social interaction diary task. As predicted, in non‐intimate interactions, individuals with higher HRV reported more positive and fewer negative emotions and perceived fewer negative emotions in their interaction partners. The results provide further insights into the relationship between HRV and emotional experiences during social interactions.
Electrophysiological correlates of proportion congruency manipulation in a temporal flanker task
Authors: Jost Kerstin , Wendt Mike , Luna‐Rodriguez Aquiles , Jacobsen Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResponse conflict evoked by a distractor stimulus object in interference tasks is associated with longer reaction times and a pronounced ERP component referred to as the fronto‐central N2. Increasing the proportion congruency (PC, i.e., the proportion of trials in which target and distractor are associated with the same response) is assumed to enhance distractor‐evoked conflict via defocusing of attention. Findings concerning the effect of the PC on the N2 in Eriksen flanker task experiments have been inconsistent, however, lending little support to the notion that the N2 reflects a conflict monitoring process. Here, we analyze the N2 in a temporal flanker task, in which the distractor stimuli, presented in advance of the target, elicit pronounced activation of the associated responses (as inferred from the lateralized readiness potential) when the PC is high. Consistent with result pattern obtained in other tasks involving successive presentation of the distractor and the target, conflict trials in a high‐PC condition evoked a particularly large N2. These findings accord with the assumption that the N2 reflects either conflict monitoring or conflict‐induced regulatory measures (i.e., reactive control). In light of the discrepancy of results obtained under conditions of simultaneous and successive distractor–target presentation, we speculate that the N2 is pronounced in situations that offer strong hints for classifying dominating response activation as incorrect, possibly reflecting particular control to counter this activation. Additional properties of the temporal flanker task, related to ERP investigations, are discussed.
Localization and in silico‐based functional analysis of miR‐202 in bull testis
Authors: Mohammed Bushra T. , Donadeu F. Xavier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBull fertility is pivotal to the prosperity of the cattle industry worldwide. miR‐202 has been shown to be gonad specific and to have key roles in gonad function in different species. To further understand the involvement of miR‐202 in bull reproduction, this study aimed to establish its localization in bovine testicular tissue and to identify putative biological functions using bioinformatics approaches. We assessed the miR‐202 expression in paraffin‐embedded tissue samples collected form an abattoir using in situ hybridization. miR‐202 was present in Sertoli cells and in germ cells at different stages of development. Using available databases, a total of 466 predicted gene targets of miR‐202 were identified. Functional annotation revealed that miR‐202 target genes were mainly associated with protein modification and phosphorylation processes as well as longevity regulating pathway. Moreover, genes in the longevity regulating pathway mapped to PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway which is involved in promoting proliferation of testicular cells and spermatogenesis. These findings suggest that miR‐202 plays important roles in regulating proliferation and viability of testicular cells including somatic and germ cells.
A novel textual track‐data‐based approach for estimating individual infection risk of COVID‐19
Authors: Wei Lu , Li Xiaojing , Jing Zhongbo , Liu Zhidong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the recurrence of infectious diseases caused by coronaviruses, which pose a significant threat to human health, there is an unprecedented urgency to devise an effective method to identify and assess who is most at risk of contracting these diseases. China has successfully controlled the spread of COVID‐19 through the disclosure of track data belonging to diagnosed patients. This paper proposes a novel textual track‐data‐based approach for individual infection risk measurement. The proposed approach is divided into three steps. First, track features are extracted from track data to build a general portrait of COVID‐19 patients. Then, based on the extracted track features, we construct an infection risk indicator system to calculate the infection risk index (IRI). Finally, individuals are divided into different infection risk categories based on the IRI values. By doing so, the proposed approach can determine the risk of an individual contracting COVID‐19, which facilitates the identification of high‐risk populations. Thus, the proposed approach can be used for risk prevention and control of COVID‐19. In the empirical analysis, we comprehensively collected 9455 pieces of track data from 20 January 2020 to 30 July 2020, covering 32 provinces/provincial municipalities in China. The empirical results show that the Chinese COVID‐19 patients have six key features that indicate infection risk: place, region, close‐contact person, contact manner, travel mode, and symptom. The IRI values for all 9455 patients vary from 0 to 43.19. Individuals are classified into the following five infection risk categories: low, moderate‐low, moderate, moderate‐high, and high risk.
Many phish in the C$\mathcal{C}$: A coexisting‐choice‐criteria model of security behavior
Authors: Embrey Iain , Kaivanto Kim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNormative decision theory proves inadequate for modeling human responses to the social‐engineering campaigns of advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks. Behavioral decision theory fares better, but still falls short of capturing social‐engineering attack vectors which operate through emotions and peripheral‐route persuasion. We introduce a generalized decision theory, under which any decision will be made according to one of multiple coexisting choice criteria. We denote the set of possible choice criteria by . Thus, the proposed model reduces to conventional Expected Utility theory when , while Dual‐Process (thinking fast vs. thinking slow) decision making corresponds to a model with . We consider a more general case with , which necessitates careful consideration of how, for a particular choice‐task instance, one criterion comes to prevail over others. We operationalize this with a probability distribution that is conditional upon traits of the decisionmaker as well as upon the context and the framing of choice options. Whereas existing signal detection theory (SDT) models of phishing detection commingle the different peripheral‐route persuasion pathways, in the present descriptive generalization the different pathways are explicitly identified and represented. A number of implications follow immediately from this formulation, ranging from the conditional nature of security‐breach risk to delineation of the prerequisites for valid tests of security training. Moreover, the model explains the “stepping‐stone” penetration pattern of APT attacks, which has confounded modeling approaches based on normative rationality.
Bayesian network‐based risk assessment of synthetic biology: Simulating CRISPR‐Cas9 gene drive dynamics in invasive rodent management
Authors: Brown Ethan A. , Eikenbary Steven R. , Landis Wayne G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGene drive technology has been proposed to control invasive rodent populations as an alternative to rodenticides. However, this approach has not undergone risk assessment that meets criteria established by Gene Drives on the Horizon, a 2016 report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. To conduct a risk assessment of gene drives, we employed the Bayesian network–relative risk model to calculate the risk of mouse eradication on Southeast Farallon Island using a CRISPR‐Cas9 homing gene drive construct. We modified and implemented the R‐based model “MGDrivE” to simulate and compare 60 management strategies for gene drive rodent management. These scenarios spanned four gene drive mouse release schemes, three gene drive homing rates, three levels of supplemental rodenticide dose, and two timings of rodenticide application relative to gene drive release. Simulation results showed that applying a supplemental rodenticide simultaneously with gene drive mouse deployment resulted in faster eradication of the island mouse population. Gene drive homing rate had the highest influence on the overall probability of successful eradication, as increased gene drive accuracy reduces the likelihood of mice developing resistance to the CRISPR‐Cas9 homing mechanism.
Variability in fluvially‐dominated, fine‐grained, shallow‐water deltas
Authors: Reynolds Antony David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFluvially‐dominated, fine‐grained, shallow‐water deltas are more variable than is generally recognized. Studies of the Mississippi River imply rather persistent river‐mouth jet dynamics, resulting in either progressive channel bifurcation around middle‐ground mouth bars on lobate deltas, or steady channel progradation to form elongate deltas akin to the modern Mississippi Delta. By contrast, satellite imagery and historical maps of less well‐known fluvially‐dominated deltas show diverse river‐mouth deposits, with plan‐form shapes ranging from river‐mouth fans, through splay, triangular, frond and tongue‐shaped mouth bars, to elongate channels with prominent subaqueous levées. Critically, such deposits may vary along individual channels and across or between individual lobes suggesting that jet variability can be normal, and that a spectrum of jets forms a suite of stable river‐mouth deposits. Channel elongation can also be common. In addition to high‐inertia jets and delta‐head or backwater‐mediated avulsion, two further mechanisms are recognized to form elongate channels. Following channel splitting, dominant splits can shoulder aside mouth bars, so that subordinate splits wither and dominant splits extend the parent channel. Alternatively, river‐mouth fans, subordinate distributary networks and lobes may be abandoned, so that a dominant parent distributary is rejuvenated by receiving an increase in discharge, allowing progradation to continue. Individual real‐world deltas are expected to be characterized by a range of river‐mouth deposits, both laterally and over time. However, such variable river‐mouth deposits, and different modes of channel elongation, are not generally considered in models of fluvially‐dominated deltas – omissions that may have significant impact for land remediation projects on modern deltas, and descriptions of the subsurface constructed to aid resource extraction.
The miR164a‐NAM3 module confers cold tolerance by inducing ethylene production in tomato
Authors: Dong Yufei , Tang Mingjia , Huang Zelan , Song Jianing , Xu Jin , Ahammed Golam Jalal , Yu Jingquan , Zhou Yanhong 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYBecause of a high sensitivity to cold, both the yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are severely restricted by cold stress. The NAC transcription factor (TF) family has been characterized as an important player in plant growth, development, and the stress response, but the role of NAC TFs in cold stress and their interaction with other post‐transcriptional regulators such as microRNAs in cold tolerance remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that SlNAM3, the predicted target of Sl‐miR164a/b‐5p, improved cold tolerance as indicated by a higher maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), lower relative electrolyte leakage, and less wilting in SlNAM3‐overexpression plants compared to wild‐type. Further genetic and molecular confirmation revealed that Sl‐miR164a/b‐5p functioned upstream of SlNAM3 by inhibiting the expression of the latter, thus playing a negative role in cold tolerance. Interestingly, this role is partially mediated by an ethylene‐dependent pathway because either Sl‐miR164a/b‐5p silencing or SlNAM3 overexpression improved cold tolerance in the transgenic lines by promoting ethylene production. Moreover, silencing of the ethylene synthesis genes, SlACS1A, SlACS1B, SlACO1, and SlACO4, resulted in a significant decrease in cold tolerance. Further experiments demonstrated that NAM3 activates SlACS1A, SlACS1B, SlACO1, and SlACO4 transcription by directly binding to their promoters. Taken together, the present study identified the miR164a‐NAM3 module conferring cold tolerance in tomato plants via the direct regulation of SlACS1A, SlACS1B, SlACO1, and SlACO4 expression to induce ethylene synthesis.
The nexus between natural disasters, supply chains and trade—Revisiting the role of preferential trade agreements in disaster risk reduction
Authors: Permani Risti , Xu Xing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsing data from 42 countries from the years 2000–2014, this study presents a gravity model to understand the impacts of natural disasters on global value chain (GVC) participation and to assess whether a country's preferential trade agreement (PTA) with its trading partners and the ‘depth’ of those agreements could cushion or would instead magnify the GVC effects of natural disasters. Despite strong evidence of the positive association between participation and the depth of PTA on GVC participation, the analysis finds that the impacts of disasters and the significance of their interactions with PTA participation are highly sensitive to the choice of disaster variables and econometric specifications. However, there is emerging evidence suggesting that PTA participation increases a country's vulnerability to disaster effects. This study highlights the need for current and future PTAs to better address disaster risk reduction as part of the future review and negotiations process, respectively.
Does it matter where you invest? The impact of foreign direct investments on domestic job creation and destruction
Authors: Ni Bin , Kato Hayato , Liu Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study examines how foreign direct investment (FDI) affects domestic employment by using unique division‐level data of Japanese firms. Contrary to most previous studies focusing on the effect of FDI on net employment growth, we decompose it into job creation (JC) and job destruction (JD) for each individual firm. We find that FDI destination plays an important role: FDI to Asia increases JC, whereas FDI to Europe/North America decreases it; furthermore JD decreases, regardless of FDI destination. A frictional search‐and‐matching model with heterogeneous jobs can explain the differential effects. The model provides additional predictions on JC and JD by job type, which are also empirically confirmed.
Manipulating histone acetylation leads to antitumor effects in hemangiosarcoma cells
Authors: Suzuki Tamami , Aoshima Keisuke , Yamazaki Jumpei , Kobayashi Atsushi , Kimura Takashi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCanine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumour derived from endothelial cells. No effective treatment has yet been developed because of the lack of understanding of its pathogenesis. Histone acetylation, an epigenetic modification, is highly associated with cancer pathogenesis. Manipulating histone acetylation by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) or bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibitors (BETi) is one approach to treat various cancers. However, the role of histone acetylation in HSA remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate how histone acetylation functions in HSA pathogenesis using two HDACi, suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) and valproic acid (VPA), and one BETi, JQ1, in vitro and in vivo. Histone acetylation levels were high in cell lines and heterogeneous in clinical cases. SAHA and JQ1 induced apoptosis in HSA cell lines. HSA cell lines treated with SAHA and VPA upregulated inflammatory‐related genes and attracted macrophage cell line RAW264 cells, which suggests that SAHA and VPA can affect immune responses. JQ1 stimulated autophagy and inhibited the cell cycle in HSA cell lines. Finally, we demonstrated that JQ1 suppressed HSA tumour cell proliferation in vivo although SAHA and VPA did not affect tumour growth. These results suggest that BETi can be alternative drugs for HSA treatment. Although further research is required, our study indicated that dysregulation of histone acetylation is likely to be involved in HSA malignancy.
Nasopharyngeal collapse can be identified on radiography in healthy male Beagle dogs without cardiopulmonary diseases
Authors: Na Hyemin , Lee Sang‐Kwon , Choi Hojung , Lee Youngwon , Lee Kija 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPharyngeal collapse has been described as a decrease of more than 50% in the diameter of the lumen. However, there has been no study on changes in the pharyngeal lumen in clinically normal dogs. The hypothesis of this prospective, observational, and pilot study was that change in nasopharyngeal lumen would be over 50% in Beagle dogs without cardiopulmonary diseases. Thus, we assessed the nasopharyngeal luminal change using cervical radiography in Beagle dogs without respiratory signs or cardiac abnormalities. The study sample included 42 Beagle dogs without cardiopulmonary diseases. Cervical radiographies were acquired during inspiration and expiration, and nasopharyngeal luminal change (%) was calculated. The median nasopharyngeal luminal change was 16.6%, and nasopharyngeal luminal change over 50% was identified in two dogs. The nasopharyngeal luminal change was significantly associated with body condition score and body weight. There was no correlation between nasopharyngeal luminal change and age. This study revealed that change in nasopharyngeal lumen over 50% can be identified in Beagle dogs without cardiopulmonary diseases and may be over‐diagnosed as partial pharyngeal collapse. Further studies for comparing change in nasopharyngeal lumen between clinically normal dogs and dogs with respiratory signs are warranted.