bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OsJAZ11 regulates spikelet and seed development in rice
Authors: Mehra Poonam , Pandey Bipin K. , Verma Lokesh , Prusty Ankita , Singh Ajit Pal , Sharma Shivam , Malik Naveen , Bennett Malcolm J. , Parida Swarup K. , Giri Jitender , Tyagi Akhilesh K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeed size is one of the major determinants of seed weight and eventually, crop yield. As the global population is increasing beyond the capacity of current food production, enhancing seed size is a key target for crop breeders. Despite the identification of several genes and QTLs, current understanding about the molecular regulation of seed size/weight remains fragmentary. In the present study, we report novel role of a jasmonic acid (JA) signaling repressor, OsJAZ11 controlling rice seed width and weight. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsJAZ11 exhibited up to a 14% increase in seed width and ~30% increase in seed weight compared to wild type (WT). Constitutive expression of OsJAZ11 dramatically influenced spikelet morphogenesis leading to extra glume‐like structures, open hull, and abnormal numbers of floral organs. Furthermore, overexpression lines accumulated higher JA levels in spikelets and developing seeds. Expression studies uncovered altered expression of JA biosynthesis/signaling and MADS box genes in overexpression lines compared to WT. Yeast two‐hybrid and pull‐down assays revealed that OsJAZ11 interacts with OsMADS29 and OsMADS68. Remarkably, expression of OsGW7, a key negative regulator of grain size, was significantly reduced in overexpression lines. We propose that OsJAZ11 participates in the regulation of seed size and spikelet development by coordinating the expression of JA‐related, OsGW7 and MADS genes.
Synthesis of linear unsubstituted poly(4,4′‐triphenylamine) via Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of an asymmetric AB monomer
Authors: Kao Tzu‐Han , Qiao Zhi , Ho Po Yuen , Ditzer Oliver , Sun Ningwei , Voit Brigitte , Lissel Franziska 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolytriarylamines (PTAAs) are amorphous polymers that can be reversibly oxidized to generate stable radical cations. Despite exhibiting a low charge carrier mobility, PTAAs are widely used as hole‐transporting layers in perovskite solar cells due to their excellent stability under ambient conditions. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of PTAA are generally in the range of −5.1 to −5.2 eV, and therefore slightly too high for an optimal alignment with perovskites. Most linear PTAAs carry two or three methyl substituents per repeating unit. While these prevent crosslinking of chains and thus provide reaction control, the electron‐donating substituents raise the energy level of the HOMO. Unsubstituted PTAA on the other hand is usually obtained crosslinked via oxidative polymerization, while nickel‐catalyzed Grignard polycondensation leads to inclusion of impurities. We report the synthesis of linear unsubstituted PTAA using Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of a novel asymmetric monomer, 4‐((4‐bromophenyl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)boronic acid M1. Based on matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) and 1H NMR analysis, we can conclude that the hydrogen‐terminated linear polymer is obtained. The determined HOMO energy level of −5.47 eV is a favorable match for many perovskite systems.
Tracking the role of self‐employment on perceptions of citizenship: Evidence from urban migrant workers in China
Authors: Hu Haoyu , Wang Wei , Ye Fangjin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSelf‐employment is an essential driver of economic growth and societal well‐being. While previous studies have examined various consequences of self‐employed activities, little attention has been paid to how self‐employment affects citizenship perceptions among urban migrant workers. This paper seeks to fill this gap by distinguishing between own‐account workers and employers with hired employees. Using data from the 2017 China Migrant Dynamic Survey, we find that migrants who are employers or work on their own account are more likely to perceive themselves as citizens of their city of residence than wage earners. The size of the effect is much larger for employers than for own‐account workers. We also find that self‐employment can be linked to migrants' perceptions of citizenship via three pathways—individual income, type of housing (owned or rented accommodation) and social security. Our results are robust to employing the conditional mixed process estimator and nonparametric matching method to address endogeneity concerns. Our findings highlight the importance of the role that migrant entrepreneurship plays in reforming the current urban household registration system in China. The paper also has implications for other countries worldwide to cope with the group of marginalized immigrants by emphasizing the form of entrepreneurship.
A rare presentation of necrotizing sarcoidosis
Authors: Sheth Nirali , Dhamrah Umaima , Ireifej Branden , Song David , Bhuti Penpa , Singh Jagbir , Fan Henry , Ummar Sibghatallah , Jaiswal Vikash , Pokhrel Nishan Babu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSarcoidosis is a disease with unknown aetiology and pathogenesis which affects young adults and is usually a non‐necrotizing granulomatous disease seen in histology. Variants of the disease, such as necrotizing sarcoidosis, were first described by Liebow in 1973 and are rarely seen. This case report describes the case of a 60‐year‐old Bengali female who presented with vague symptoms and was found to have chronic granulomatous inflammation with foci of calcifications involving the lungs, liver and spleen consistent with necrotizing sarcoidosis.
Effectiveness of online and blended learning from schools: A systematic review
Authors: Topping Keith J. , Douglas Walter , Robertson Derek , Ferguson Nancy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis systematic analysis examines effectiveness research on online and blended learning from schools, particularly relevant during the Covid‐19 pandemic, and also educational games, computer‐supported cooperative learning (CSCL) and computer‐assisted instruction (CAI), largely used in schools but with potential for outside school. Eight research databases were searched. Studies which were non‐school, before 2000, not in English, without data and duplicates were removed, leaving 1355 studies: online 7%, blended 13%, CSCL 7%, games 26% and CAI 47%. Overall, digital technology was more effective (better) than regular instruction in 85% of studies, 8% the same and 3% worse. Blended learning was considerably better than online learning. CAI was the most effective, with games and CSCL coming after blended learning, but of course CAI was not searched for and these were not widely used outside of schools. Primary and early years/kindergarten were most effective (87% better) and secondary/high next (80%). Although science and mathematics were the most popular subjects, English as a foreign language interventions were the most effective, then writing and STEM, thinking, arts/music, humanities, health and science, reading and maths, foreign languages and English in that order. Overall, females did better than males. ‘Low ability’ children and second language learners did especially well. Disadvantaged and special educational needs/disabled students did slightly worse. Self‐efficacy was highly related to better outcomes. The limitations/strengths of the research were discussed and linked back to previous literature, a critical analysis made, and detailed implications for practitioners, policy makers and future researchers outlined. Digital technology's main advantage may be the possibility for enhanced task flexibility and learner autonomy, encouraging greater self‐regulation. However, this may not be an advantage for all students.
An intelligent sliding mode controller of robotic manipulators with output constraints and high‐level adaptation
Authors: Ba Dang Xuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFast transient responses and excellent steady‐state control performances with flexibility in control operation are core motivations to promote a vast of research in the robotic control sector nowadays. As a sequence, in this paper, we present a learning nonlinear controller for motion control of robotic manipulators with output constraints. The constrained control objectives are first transformed to new free variables using nonlinear synthetization profiles. Boundedness of the main control objectives within feasible ranges of the physical outputs is next strictly guaranteed under a simple sliding‐mode control policy. To improve the control performance, dominant terms of the system dynamics are learnt by a neural network with a nonlinear adaptation law. The systematic deviation remaining is then estimated by an adaptive disturbance observer. A novel high‐level adaptation rule is designed to maximize the learning ability and the control quality. Both an asymptotic control performance and estimation effectiveness are theoretically thoroughly proven by Lyapunov‐based analyses. Feasibility of the overall system is carefully investigated by intensive comparative simulations.
Containment control of discrete‐time multi‐agent systems with application to escort control of multiple vehicles
Authors: Jiang Simin , Wang Shimin , Zhan Zhi , Wu Yuanqing , Lam William H. K. , Zhong Renxin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the escort control problem for heterogeneous discrete‐time multi‐agent systems with multiple leaders. We develop a distributed output feedback control law such that the followers are secured within the convex hull spanned by the output of the leaders. First, the followers estimate the target convex hull and the system matrices of the leaders via a distributed observer. We then devise a distributed dynamic output feedback control protocol based on this observer to achieve the escort control by using only neighboring relative output information of leaders. The security of the followers is guaranteed by seeing that the output tracking errors converge to zero exponentially. In the numerical simulations, we discuss the potential deployment of the proposed method to a brand‐new escort control of mixed traffic consist of connected automated vehicles and partially automated vehicles. This vehicular escort control formulation can be regarded as a generalization of the conventional vehicular platoon control problem into both longitudinal and lateral dimensions. The numerical results validate the effectiveness and the computational feasibility of the proposed control protocols.
Soil water extractable organic matter under long‐term dryland cropping systems on the Texas High Plains
Authors: Waldrip Heidi , Schwartz Robert C. , He Zhongqi , Todd Richard W. , Baumhardt R. Louis , Zhang Mingchu , Parker David , Brauer David , Min Byeng R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWater extractable organic matter (WEOM) is critical for soil fertility because of its role as a readily available C substrate for microbial metabolism. In the semi‐arid Texas High Plains, dryland cropping systems are common because of limited precipitation and irrigation water. Little is known about the long‐term effects of dryland cropping on soil WEOM content and composition, and how these differ from native grassland. The objective of this study was to use soils collected near Amarillo, TX, in 1977 and 2013 to examine the long‐term (72 yr total cropping length) effects of dryland cropping systems [continuous wheat and wheat–fallow rotations] and tillage methods (disk plow, stubble‐mulch tillage, and delayed stubble‐mulch tillage) on WEOM characteristics, compared with native grassland. In cropped plots, water‐extractable organic carbon (WEOC) concentrations, a measure of WEOM content, were depleted regardless of tillage or crop, with reductions up to 13% in 1977 and 60% in 2013, compared with native grassland in 2013. Other parameters of WEOM changed over time, where cropped soils from 2013 had proportionally more WEOM in aromatic, phenolic, and lignin‐like forms, attributed to recently incorporated crop residues. In contrast, WEOM in cropped soils from 1977 and native grassland (2013) contained more functional groups (e.g., aliphatic, aromatic, polysaccharide, phenol, etc.) and humic‐like substances than cropped soils in 2013. This suggests that long‐term dryland cropping led to depletion of stable, humic‐like WEOM. Enhancement of WEOM stocks and long‐term sustainability in the Texas High Plains may require more vigorous conservation systems than currently used.
Assessing English teaching linguistic and artificial intelligence for efficient learning using analytical hierarchy process and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Authors: Hang Yin , Khan Sangeen , Alharbi Abdullah , Nazir Shah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe advancement in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized every field of life, including the learning of second languages. These intelligent devices are capable of effectively and efficiently utilizing the time and energy of both learners and teachers. Students can learn at their own pace and at their own skill level. They can learn and practice in an interactive and fruitful environment thanks to intelligent chatbots and voice assistants. Students no longer require humanized teachers as a result of the use of these new methodologies; instead, they can learn more effectively by interacting with computer‐assisted systems. With the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) and AI, new technologies like computer‐assisted language learning (CALL) and mobile‐assisted language learning (MALL) are playing a very crucial role in the learning of the English language. Due to the various AI‐based applications and technologies available, learners are unable to use the most valuable and effective ones. This paper focuses on the role of AI in the learning of the English language. The study will help learners in the selection of efficient and effective AI‐powered paradigms for the teaching and learning process of the English language. Various features have been selected from the identified ones, and then, on the basis of these features, different AI‐grounded paradigms for English learning are ranked using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The alternative with the highest performance value is ranked at the top of all available alternatives, while the one with the lowest performance score is placed at the last.
Development of an artificial neural network model to predict waste marble powder demand in eco‐efficient self‐compacting concrete
Authors: Acikgenc Ulas Merve 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe marble industry produces large amount of waste at almost every stage of marble processing. This waste is always uncontrollably discharged into open areas. Therefore, the consumption of Waste Marble Powder (WMP) in concrete is very important and will provide both an economic gain for concrete industries and an opportunity to achieve eco‐efficient concrete production. Self‐Compacting Concrete (SCC) is mostly preferred concrete type which uses the WMP as powdered material. Thus, to increase WMP usage in the production of eco‐efficient SCC, it is aimed in this study to develop a model that can predict WMP demand. To develop this model, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), an artificial intelligence method, was preferred. An ANN model was developed using a comprehensive dataset that included eco‐efficient SCC mixture compositions, workability measurements, and compressive strengths. The ANN model with seven inputs and one output as WMP was successfully trained and managed to produce the correct outputs to both validation and test datasets. Mix design of SCC with aimed properties can be a long process compared to conventional concrete. The proposed ANN model could reduce time loss in the production process. ANN's success is expected to facilitate the production of eco‐efficient SCC with WMP.
Syringic acid and silymarin concurrent administration inhibits sodium valproate‐induced liver injury in rats
Authors: Gheena Sukumaran , Ezhilarasan Devaraj , Shree Harini Karthik , Rajeshkumar Shanmugam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSodium valproate (SV) is a well‐known anti‐epileptic drug, also used to control convulsions, bipolar disorders and migraines. SV has been shown to induce liver toxicity in clinical subjects. Syringic acid (SA), a natural polyphenolic compound has potential antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and several beneficial effects. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated hepatoprotective effect of SA against SV‐induced liver injury in rats. Wistar rats were treated with SV orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg, once daily, for 14 days. Another three groups of rats were administered with SV and concurrently treated with SA (40 and 80 mg/kg) and silymarin (SIL) (100 mg/kg) for 14 days. SV administration for 14 days caused significant (p < .001) elevation of liver transaminases and ALP in serum. Liver MDA level was significantly (p < .001) increased with a concomitant decrease (p < .001) in enzymic antioxidants activities in SV administered rats. SV administration also caused the upregulation of proinflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor α, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, cyclooxygenase‐2 and Interleukin 6 expressions in liver tissue. Histopathological studies also revealed the presence of inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocellular necrosis upon SV administration. At both doses, concurrent administration of SA and SIL significantly (p < .001) inhibited the liver transaminase activities in serum, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory markers expression in liver tissue. Our current results suggest that SA can be a promising herbal drug that can inhibit SV‐induced hepatotoxicity when administered together due its potential anti‐inflammatory effects.
Electronic Modification of a Sterically Demanding Anionic Pyridine Ligand
Authors: Schmidlin Nadja M. C. , Radtke Valentin , Schmidt Alexei , Lõkov Märt , Leito Ivo , Böttcher Tobias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe sterically demanding anionic pyridine ligand [4‐(Ph3B)‐2,6‐Mes2py]−([1]−) was used in salt metathesis reactions in order to obtain main group and transition metal complexes. Instead, reduction reactions were observed and identified as single electron transfer processes from [1]−to the respective Lewis acidic cations. The electron transfer was confirmed by reduction of the trityl cation. In order to reduce the reductive power of [1]−the borate function of the ligand was substituted with strongly electron withdrawing 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups to give [1F]−. The redox potential was shifted from +0.56 V to +1.32 V and hence, [1F]−cannot reduce the trityl cation in contrast to [1]−. Consequently, the measured pKavalue of1F‐H (16.44) was lowered by two pKaunits compared with1‐H. Unfortunately, [1F]−still undergoes single electron transfer processes when used in salt metathesis reactions. We synthesized the anionic borane adduct [Li(THF)4][1F‐BH3] which demonstrates that [1F]−can be used as a ligand in main group chemistry. The determination of the crystal structures of [Li(THF)4][1F] and [Li(THF)4][1F‐BH3] revealed separated ion pairs while their analogs with the more electron rich [1]−are contact ion pairs.
Carrollian superconformal theories and super BMS
Authors: Bagchi Arjun , Grumiller Daniel , Nandi Poulami 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate the supersymmetric versions of Bondi-Metzner-Sachs or, equivalently, conformal Carroll symmetry in boundary dimensions d > 3, with applications of flat space holography in mind. We identify the contraction of the relativistic symmetry relevant for our purposes and construct a finite-dimensional Carrollian superconformal algebra (CSA) before proposing an infinite-dimensional lift. We provide the superspace formulation for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 CSA and work towards an understanding of the representation theory of the algebra. We conclude with some aspects of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
> 1 CSA.
The universality of islands outside the horizon
Authors: He Song , Sun Yuan , Zhao Long , Zhang Yu-Xuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We systematically calculate the quantum extremal surface (QES) associated with Hawking radiation for general D-dimensional (D ≥ 2) asymptotically flat (or AdS) eternal black holes using the island formula. We collect the Hawking radiation particles by a non-gravitational bath and find that a QES exists in the near-horizon region outside the black hole when c · G(D) is smaller enough where c is the central charge of the conformal matter and G(D) the D-dimensional Newton constant. The locations of the QES in these backgrounds are obtained and the late-time radiation entropy saturates the two times of black hole entropy. Finally, we numerically check that the no island configuration exists once c · G(D) exceeds a certain upper bound in two-dimensional generalized dilaton theories (GDT). When c · G(D) close to the upper bound, the backreaction of the matter field on the background can not be neglected. We also consider the conditions of existence of the island configuration with the backreaction and prove that the upper bound also exist for the Witten black hole and Weyl-related Witten black hole.
Quantum field theory in a de-Sitter universe transiting to the radiation stage
Authors: Salazar Juan R. , Modak Sujoy K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study some physical aspects of quantum field theory in a two stage universe starting from the inflationary de Sitter and transiting into the radiation dominated stage. We look into the time evolution of the primordial vacuum states, associated with the (i) comoving and (ii) Bunch-Davies modes. We show how the power spectrum for a comoving observer, obtained from the excitation of the aforementioned states defined in the de Sitter stage, changes as the universe transits into the radiation stage. In addition, we also develop a methodology to transfer the well known result of particle creation in the static de Sitter frame, originating from the aforementioned vacuum states, while the universe makes a transition to the next (radiation dominated) stage.
Influence of the Lateral Heterogeneity of Shallow Sediments on Site Effects in the Yuxi Basin
Authors: Li Tiefei , Chen Xueliang , Li Zongchao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs computing power and ground motion studies using numerical simulation methods have continuously improved, velocity model accuracies have become bottlenecks for simulation result accuracies. The characteristics of a hydrodynamic sedimentary environment in the Yuxi Basin are used as a classification standard, and a refined velocity model that depends on the lateral heterogeneity in sediments is constructed. The results of the lateral heterogeneity model are compared with those of the lateral uniformity model, and the distributions of the displacement peak ratio, focusing effect and edge effect change due to the refined basin structure. For the 4% of the surface area that is in the region with the largest amplification factor, the difference between the two models is greater than 20%, and this difference for nearly half of the surface area is greater than 5%.