bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rectifiability of divergence-free fields along invariant 2-tori
Authors: Perrella David , Pfefferlé David , Stoyanov Luchezar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe find conditions under which the restriction of a divergence-free vector field B to an invariant toroidal surface S is rectifiable; namely constant in a suitable global coordinate system. The main results are similar in conclusion to Arnold’s Structure Theorems but require weaker assumptions than the commutation $$[B,\nabla \times B] = 0$$

[
B
,
∇
×
B
]
=
0

. Relaxing the need for a first integral of B (also known as a flux function), we assume the existence of a solution $$u: S \rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

u
:
S
→
R

to the cohomological equation $$B\vert _S(u) = \partial _n B$$

B
|

S

(
u
)

=

∂
n

B

on a toroidal surface S mutually invariant to B and $$\nabla \times B$$

∇
×
B

. The right hand side $$\partial _n B$$

∂
n

B

is a normal surface derivative available to vector fields tangent to S. In this situation, we show that the field B on S is either identically zero or nowhere zero with $$B\vert _S/\Vert B\Vert ^2 \vert _S$$

B
|

S

/

‖
B
‖

2

|

S

being rectifiable. We are calling the latter the semi-rectifiability of B (with proportionality $$\Vert B\Vert ^2 \vert _S$$

‖
B
‖

2

|

S

). The nowhere zero property relies on Bers’ results in pseudo-analytic function theory about a generalised Laplace-Beltrami equation arising from Witten cohomology deformation. With the use of de Rham cohomology, we also point out a Diophantine integral condition where one can conclude that $$B\vert _S$$

B
|

S

itself is rectifiable. The rectifiability and semi-rectifiability of $$B\vert _S$$

B
|

S

is fundamental to the so-called magnetic coordinates, which are central to the theory of magnetically confined plasmas.
Association of Neighborhood Income with Clinical Outcomes Among Pregnant Patients with Cardiac Disease
Authors: Carland Corinne , Panelli Danielle M. , Leonard Stephanie A. , Bryant Eryn , Sherwin Elizabeth B. , Lee Christine J. , Levin Eleanor , Jimenez Shirin , Tremmel Jennifer A. , Tsai Sandra , Heidenreich Paul A. , Bianco Katherine , Khandelwal Abha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of pregnancy mortality. Socioeconomic and racial disparities in pregnancy are well established. Despite this, little is known about the impact of social determinants of health in pregnant patients with heart disease. This study aims to determine whether pregnant patients with heart disease living in lower income neighborhoods and managed at cardio-obstetrics programs have higher rates of cardiac events or preterm deliveries compared with those living in higher income neighborhoods. This is a retrospective cohort study of 206 patients between 2010 and 2020 at a quaternary care hospital in Northern California. The exposure was household income level based on neighborhood defined by the US Census data. Patients in lower income neighborhoods (N = 103) were 45% Hispanic, 34% White, and 14% Asian versus upper income neighborhoods (N = 103), which were 48% White, 31% Asian, and 12% Hispanic (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the rates of intrapartum cardiac events (10% vs. 4%; p = 0.16), postpartum cardiac events (14% vs. 17%; p = 0.7), and preterm delivery (24% vs. 17%; p = 0.23). The rates of antepartum hospitalization were higher for lower income neighborhoods (42% vs 22%; p = 0.004). While there is no significant difference in cardiac events and preterm delivery rates between patients from low versus high income neighborhoods, patients from lower income neighborhoods have higher antepartum hospitalization rates. Earlier identification of clinical deterioration provided by a cardio-obstetrics team may contribute to increased hospitalizations, which might mitigate socioeconomic disparities in outcomes for these pregnant patients with heart disease.
Claude Lévi-Strauss as a humanist forerunner of cultural macroevolution studies
Authors: Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cross-cultural studies of humans using methods developed in evolutionary biology and comparative linguistics are flourishing. ‘Cultural macroevolution’ has great potential to address fundamental questions of cultural transformation and human history. However, this field is poorly integrated with core cultural anthropology, although both aim in part at addressing similar issues. Claude Lévi-Strauss established a comparative approach searching for universals and documentation of diversity to bring understanding to cultural phenomena. Recognizing the nomothetic nature of Lévi-Strauss’ work, his abstraction and modelling, provides an example within anthropology of the search for universals and the study of big data, akin to cultural macroevolution studies. The latter could benefit, beyond the sophisticated analyses of big data mined from ethnographic work, from the integration with the intellectual legacy and practice of core anthropology and thus propitiate the synergistic interaction of disciplines. Attempts at rapprochement of disciplines from the natural sciences that lack pluralism and present a narrow view are deemed examples of ‘Wilson's effect’.
The hit-and-run version of top-to-random
Authors: Boardman Samuel , Rudolf Daniel , Saloff-Coste Laurent 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study an example of ahit-and-runrandom walk on the symmetric group$\mathbf S_n$. Our starting point is the well-understoodtop-to-randomshuffle. In the hit-and-run version, at eachsingle step, after picking the point of insertionjuniformly at random in$\{1,\ldots,n\}$, the top card is inserted in thejth positionktimes in a row, wherekis uniform in$\{0,1,\ldots,j-1\}$. The question is, does this accelerate mixing significantly or not? We show that, in$L^2$and sup-norm, this accelerates mixing at most by a constant factor (independent ofn). Analyzing this problem in total variation is an interesting open question. We show that, in general, hit-and-run random walks on finite groups have non-negative spectrum.
Education, public support for institutions, and the separation of powers
Authors: Cheruvu Sivaram 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA successful democratic transition requires citizens to embrace a new set of political institutions. Citizens’ support is vital for these institutions to uphold the burgeoning constitutional and legal order. Courts, for example, often rely on citizens’ support and threat of electoral punishment against the government to enforce their rulings. In this article, I consider whether education under democracy can engender this support. Using regression discontinuity, difference-in-differences, and difference-in-difference-in-differences designs, I find an additional year of schooling after the fall of the Berlin Wall has similar positive downstream effects on East Germans’ support across institutions. Since schooling similarly affects public support for judicial, legislative, and executive institutions, citizens are not necessarily inclined to electorally punish the other branches when they ignore a court's ruling. This potential inability of courts to constrain unlawful government behavior threatens the foundation of the separation of powers and the survival of democracy.
Exploring miRNA-mRNA regulatory modules responding to tannic acid stress in Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) via small RNA sequencing
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Tang Fang , Xu Meng , Shen Tengfei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) that regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation or degrading mRNA. Although the functions of miRNAs in many biological processes have been reported, there is currently no research on the possible roles of miRNAs in Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) involved in the response of plant allelochemicals. In this article, six sRNA libraries (three treated with tanic acid and three control) from M. troglodyta were constructed using Illumina sequencing. From the results, 312 known and 43 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed. Notably, some of the most abundant miRNAs, such as miR-432, miR-541-3p, and miR-4448, involved in important physiological processes were also identified. To better understand the function of the targeted genes, we performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The results indicated that differentially expressed miRNA targets were involved in metabolism, development, hormone biosynthesis, and immunity. Finally, we visualized a miRNA-mRNA regulatory module that supports the role of miRNAs in host–allelochemical interactions. To our knowledge, this is the first report on miRNAs responding to tannic acid in M. troglodyta. This study provides indispensable information for understanding the potential roles of miRNAs in M. troglodyta and the applications of these miRNAs in M. troglodyta management.
Imagining a World without the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Authors: Elkins Zachary , Ginsburg Tom 
Published: July 2022

abstractThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is thought to have shaped constitutions profoundly since its adoption in 1948. The authors identify two empirical implications that should follow from such influence. First, UDHR content should be reflected in subsequent national constitutions. Second, such reflections should bear the particular marks of the UDHR itself, not those of the postwar zeitgeist more broadly. The authors examine the historical evidence at various levels to identify and untangle the UDHR's impact. In a macro analysis, they leverage an original data set on the content of constitutions since 1789. They explore historical patterns in the creation and spread of rights, and test whether 1948 exhibits a noticeable disruption in rights provision. The authors build a multivariate model that predicts rights provision with constitution- and rights-level covariates. To gain further analytic leverage, they unearth the process that produced the UDHR and identify plausible alternative formulations evident in a set of discarded proposals. The authors further test the plausibility of UDHR influence by searching for direct references to the document in subsequent constitutional texts and constitutional proceedings. The evidence suggests that the UDHR significantly accelerated the adoption of a particular set of constitutional rights.
The utility of goods or actions? A neurophilosophical assessment of a recent neuroeconomic controversy
Authors: Petracca Enrico 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe paper provides a neurophilosophical assessment of a controversy between two neuroeconomic models that compete to identify the putative object of neural utility: goods or actions. We raise two objections to the common view that sees the ‘good-based’ model prevailing over the ‘action-based’ model. First, we suggest extending neuroeconomic model discrimination to all of the models’ neurophilosophical assumptions, showing that action-based assumptions are necessary to explain real-world value-based decisions. Second, we show that the good-based model’s presumption of introducing a normative neural definition of economic choice would arbitrarily restrict the domain of economic choice and consequently of economics.
Canadian Wildfires: A Plague on Societies Well-Being, Inequities and Cohesion
Authors: Hertelendy Attila J. , Burkle Fredrick M. , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtreme heat and wildfires have health implications for everyone; however, minority and low-income populations are disproportionately negatively affected due to generations of social inequities and discriminatory practices. Indigenous people in Canada are at a higher risk of many chronic respiratory diseases, as well as other non-communicable diseases and hospitalization, compared to the general population. These wildfires occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic have demonstrated how disruptive compounding disasters can be, putting minority populations such as First Nations, Metis, and Inuit tribes at increased risk and decreased priority. Going forward, if the necessarily proactive mitigation and preparedness steps are not undertaken, the ability to attenuate health inequity in the indigenous community by building resiliency to wildfire disasters will be significantly hampered.
Impact of displacement context on psychological distress in refugees resettled in Australia: a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Nickerson Angela , Kashyap Shraddha , Keegan David , Edwards Ben , Forrest Walter , Bryant Richard A. , O'Donnell Meaghan , Felmingham Kim , McFarlane Alexander C. , Tol Wietse A. , Lenferink Lonneke , Hoffman Joel , Liddell Belinda J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Refugees typically spend years in a state of protracted displacement prior to permanent resettlement. Little is known about how various prior displacement contexts influence long-term mental health in resettled refugees. In this study, we aimed to determine whether having lived in refugee camps v. community settings prior to resettlement impacted the course of refugees' psychological distress over the 4 years following arrival in Australia.

Methods
Participants were 1887 refugees who had taken part in the Building a New Life in Australia study, which comprised of five annual face-to-face or telephone surveys from the year of first arrival in Australia.

Results
Latent growth curve modelling revealed that refugees who had lived in camps showed greater initial psychological distress (as indexed by the K6) and faster decreases in psychological distress in the 4 years after resettling in Australia, compared to those who had lived in community settings. Investigation of refugee camp characteristics revealed that poorer access to services in camps was associated with greater initial distress after resettlement, and greater ability to meet one's basic needs in camps was associated with faster decreases in psychological distress over time.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the importance of the displacement context in influencing the course of post-resettlement mental health. Increasing available services and meeting basic needs in the displacement environment may promote better mental health outcomes in resettled refugees.
The impact of electrocution treatments on weed control and weed seed viability in soybean
Authors: Schreier Haylee , Bish Mandy , Bradley Kevin W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractField experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 to determine the effectiveness of electrocution on several weeds commonly encountered in Missouri soybean production using an implement known as The Weed Zapper™. In the first study, the effectiveness of electrocution on waterhemp, cocklebur, giant and common ragweed, horseweed, giant and yellow foxtail, and barnyardgrass was determined. Electrocution was applied when plants reached average heights and/or growth stages of 30 cm, 60 cm, flowering, pollination, and seed set. Electrocution was applied once or twice, at two different tractor speeds. Electrocution was more effective at the later plant growth stages. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that control of weed species was most related to plant height and amount of plant moisture at the time of electrocution. When plants contained seed at the time of electrocution, viability was reduced from 54% to 80% among the species evaluated. A second study determined the effect of electrocution on late-season waterhemp plants, and also soybean injury and yield. Electrocution timings took place throughout reproductive soybean growth stages. The control of waterhemp escapes within the soybean trial ranged from 51% to 97%. Yield of soybean electrocuted at the R4 and R6 growth stages was similar to that of the nontreated control, but soybean yield was reduced by 11% to 26% following electrocution at all other timings. However, the visual injury and yield loss observed in these experiments likely represents a worst-case scenario because growers who maintain a clear height differential between waterhemp and the soybean canopy would not need to maintain contact with the soybean canopy. Overall, results from these experiments indicate that electrocution as part of an integrated weed-management program could eliminate late-season herbicide-resistant weed escapes in soybean, and reduce the number and viability of weed seed that return to the soil seedbank.
Permeable Biofilms Can Support Persistent Hyporheic Anoxic Microzones
Authors: Xian Yang , Jin Menggui , Zhan Hongbin , Liang Xing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExperimental observations reveal the existence of anoxic microzones within oxygen‐rich aquatic sediments. The microzones are hotspots of enhanced removal of nitrate and production of greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Here we established a new microscale flow, reactive transport and biofilm growth model and explore how anoxic microzones form and evolve within hyporheic zones under dynamic interactions among pore‐scale flow, reactive transport and biofilm growth. The microzones can form and evolve by two patterns as streambeds are progressively clogged due to biofilm growth: (a) physical and biogeochemical conditions‐dependent perennial microzones for permeable biofilms, and (b) physical and biogeochemical conditions‐independent ephemeral microzones for low permeability biofilms. During biofilm growth, persistent transport‐dominated systems sustain for the former, whereas the transformation of transport‐dominated to reaction‐dominated systems occurs for the latter. These findings are significantly different from previous single pattern of ephemeral microzones.
Meteoroid Fragmentation in the Martian Atmosphere and the Formation of Crater Clusters
Authors: Collins G. S. , Newland E. L. , Schwarz D. , Coleman M. , McMullan S. , Daubar I. J. , Miljković Katarina , Neidhart Tanja , Sansom Eleanor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current rate of small impacts on Mars is informed by more than one thousand impact sites formed in the last 20 years, detected in images of the martian surface. More than half of these impacts produced a cluster of small craters formed by fragmentation of the meteoroid in the martian atmosphere. The spatial distributions, number and sizes of craters in these clusters provide valuable constraints on the properties of the impacting meteoroid population as well as the meteoroid fragmentation process. In this paper, we use a recently compiled database of crater cluster observations to calibrate a model of meteoroid fragmentation in Mars' atmosphere and constrain key model parameters, including the lift coefficient and fragment separation velocity, as well as meteoroid property distributions. The model distribution of dynamic meteoroid strength that produces the best match to observations has a minimum strength of 10–90 kPa, a maximum strength of 3–6 MPa and a median strength of 0.2–0.5 MPa. An important feature of the model is that individual fragmentation events are able to produce fragments with a wide range of dynamic strengths as much as 10 times stronger or weaker than the parent fragment. The calibrated model suggests that the rate of small impacts on Mars is 1.5–4 times higher than recent observation‐based estimates. It also shows how impactor properties relevant to seismic wave generation, such as the total impact momentum, can be inferred from cluster characteristics.
GANSim‐3D for Conditional Geomodeling: Theory and Field Application
Authors: Song Suihong , Mukerji Tapan , Hou Jiagen , Zhang Dongxiao , Lyu Xinrui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)‐based 3D reservoir simulation framework, GANSim‐3D, where the generator is progressively trained to capture geological patterns and relationships between various input conditioning data and output earth models, and is thus able to directly produce multiple 3D realistic and conditional earth models from given conditioning data. Conditioning data can include 3D sparse well facies data, probability maps, and global features, such as facies proportion. The generator only includes 3D convolutional layers, and once trained on a data set consisting of small‐size data cubes, it can be used for geomodeling of 3D reservoirs of large arbitrary sizes by simply extending the inputs. To illustrate how GANSim‐3D is practically used and to verify GANSim‐3D, a field karst cave reservoir in Tahe area of China is used as an example. The 3D well facies data and 3D probability map of caves obtained from geophysical interpretation are taken as conditioning data. First, we create training, validation, and test datasets consisting of 64 × 64 × 64‐size 3D cave facies models integrating field geological patterns, 3D well facies data, and 3D probability maps. Then, the 3D generator is trained and evaluated with various metrics. Next, we apply the pretrained generator for conditional geomodeling of two field cave reservoirs of size 64 × 64 × 64 and 336 × 256 × 96, respectively. The produced reservoir realizations prove to be diverse, consistent with field geological patterns and field conditioning data, and robust to noise in the 3D probability maps. Each realization with 336 × 256 × 96 cells only takes 0.988 s using 1 GPU.
Low self-esteem and the formation of global self-performance estimates in emerging adulthood
Authors: Rouault Marion , Will Geert-Jan , Fleming Stephen M. , Dolan Raymond J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh self-esteem, an overall positive evaluation of self-worth, is a cornerstone of mental health. Previously we showed that people with low self-esteem differentially construct beliefs about momentary self-worth derived from social feedback. However, it remains unknown whether these anomalies extend to constructing beliefs about self-performance in a non-social context, in the absence of external feedback. Here, we examined this question using a novel behavioral paradigm probing subjects’ self-performance estimates with or without external feedback. We analyzed data from young adults (N = 57) who were selected from a larger community sample (N = 2402) on the basis of occupying the bottom or top 10% of a reported self-esteem distribution. Participants performed a series of short blocks involving two perceptual decision-making tasks with varying degrees of difficulty, with or without feedback. At the end of each block, they had to decide on which task they thought they performed best, and gave subjective task ratings, providing two measures of self-performance estimates. We found no robust evidence of differences in objective performance between high and low self-esteem participants. Nevertheless, low self-esteem participants consistently underestimated their performance as expressed in lower subjective task ratings relative to high self-esteem participants. These results provide an initial window onto how cognitive processes underpinning the construction of self-performance estimates across different contexts map on to global dispositions relevant to mental health such as self-esteem.