bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed spontaneous haematoma after minimally invasive prostatectomy
Authors: Boyle Connor , Good Daniel , Taylor Linda , McNeill Alan 
Published: February 2022

Minimally invasive radical prostatectomy has become the standard surgical approach in the United Kingdom. Haematoma formation is a recognised post-operative complication, but this tends to be regarded as an early complication and there is a paucity of clinical information on the challenges of delayed haematoma formation. We present an unusual case of a man presenting with a late post-operative bleed that occurred spontaneously 5 weeks after surgery. A haematoma developed and was associated with complete disruption of the vesico-urethral anastomosis, that imaging had shown to be intact 11 days post-operatively. Level of evidence: 4
Outcomes of Patellar Stabilization Utilizing a Combined Arthroscopic and Open Technique: A Retrospective Review With 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Zhou MAJ Liang , Cruz CPT Christian A. , Johnson MAJ Zackary A. , Bottoni Craig R. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Few studies have reported the long-term outcomes of patellar stabilization surgery in an active duty military cohort. Purpose: To evaluate the long-term results of a combined open and arthroscopic patellar stabilization technique for the treatment of recurrent lateral patellar instability in members of a military population. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of a consecutive series of 63 patients who underwent operative management for patellar instability at a tertiary military medical center between 2003 and 2017. All cases were performed by a single sports medicine fellowship–trained orthopaedic surgeon. Patients with recurrent lateral patellar instability whose nonoperative management failed were included. All patients underwent arthroscopic imbrication of the medial patellar retinaculum, an open lateral retinacular release, and an Elmslie-Trillat tibial tubercle osteotomy. Outcome measures at final follow-up included recurrent instability, need for surgical revision, subjective assessments, and military-specific metrics. We also analyzed anatomic risk factors for failure: patella alta, coronal plane alignment, trochlear dysplasia, and tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance. Results: A total of 51 patients were included (34 men, 17 women; mean ± SD age at surgery, 27.2 ± 5.8 years; mean follow-up, 5.3 years). The mean postoperative SANE score (Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation) was 75.0 ± 17.7, and the mean visual analog scale pain score was 2.5 ± 2.1. Four patients (7.8%) reported redislocation events, and 4 underwent revision surgery. Twenty-five patients (49.0%) reported a decrease in activity level as compared with preinjury, while 10 (19.6%) cited restrictions in activities of daily living. Of the 21 patients remaining on active duty, 6 (28.6%) required an activity-limiting medical profile. Of the 48 active duty patients, 12 (25.0%) underwent evaluation by a medical board for separation from the military. Differences in the Caton-Deschamps Index and tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance between surgical success and failure were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Surgical management of patellar instability utilizing a multifaceted technique resulted in low recurrence rates and may be independent of predisposing anatomic risk factors for instability. At 5-year follow-up, most patients retained their active duty status, although nearly half experienced a decrease in activity level.
Bicarbonate transport of airway surface epithelia in luminally perfused mice bronchioles
Authors: Liu Libin , Yamamoto Akiko , Yamaguchi Makoto , Taniguchi Itsuka , Nomura Nao , Nakakuki Miyuki , Kozawa Yuka , Fukuyasu Tomoya , Higuchi Mayuko , Niwa Erina , Tamada Tsutomu , Ishiguro Hiroshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHCO3−secretion in distal airways is critical for airway mucosal defense. HCO3−/H+transport across the apical membrane of airway surface epithelial cells was studied by measuring intracellular pH in luminally microperfused freshly dissected mice bronchioles. Functional studies demonstrated that CFTR, ENaC, Cl−–HCO3−exchange, Na+-H+exchange, and Na+–HCO3−cotransport are involved in apical HCO3−/H+transport. RT-PCR of isolated bronchioles detected fragments from Cftr, α, β, γ subunits of ENaC, Ae2, Ae3, NBCe1, NBCe2, NBCn1, NDCBE, NBCn2, Nhe1, Nhe2, Nhe4, Nhe5, Slc26a4, Slc26a6, and Slc26a9. We assume that continuous decline of intracellular pH following alkaline load demonstrates time course of HCO3−secretion into the lumen which is perfused with a HCO3−-free solution. Forskolin-stimulated HCO3−secretion was substantially inhibited by luminal application of CFTRinh-172 (5 μM), H2DIDS (200 μM), and amiloride (1 μM). In bronchioles from a cystic fibrosis mouse model, basal and acetylcholine-stimulated HCO3−secretion was substantially impaired, but forskolin transiently accelerated HCO3−secretion of which the magnitude was comparable to wild-type bronchioles. In conclusion, we have characterized apical HCO3−/H+transport in native bronchioles. We have demonstrated that cAMP-mediated and Ca2+-mediated pathways are involved in HCO3−secretion and that apical HCO3−secretion is largely mediated by CFTR and H2DIDS-sensitive Cl−–HCO3−exchanger, most likely Slc26a9. The impairment of HCO3−secretion in bronchioles from a cystic fibrosis mouse model may be related to the pathogenesis of early lung disease in cystic fibrosis.
Dysbiosis of skin microbiome and gut microbiome in melanoma progression
Authors: Mekadim Chahrazed , Skalnikova Helena Kupcova , Cizkova Jana , Cizkova Veronika , Palanova Anna , Horak Vratislav , Mrazek Jakub 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe microbiome alterations are associated with cancer growth and may influence the immune system and response to therapy. Particularly, the gut microbiome has been recently shown to modulate response to melanoma immunotherapy. However, the role of the skin microbiome has not been well explored in the skin tumour microenvironment and the link between the gut microbiome and skin microbiome has not been investigated in melanoma progression. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine associations between dysbiosis in the skin and gut microbiome and the melanoma growth using MeLiM porcine model of melanoma progression and spontaneous regression.ResultsParallel analysis of cutaneous microbiota and faecal microbiota of the same individuals was performed in 8 to 12 weeks old MeLiM piglets. The bacterial composition of samples was analysed by high throughput sequencing of the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. A significant difference in microbiome diversity and richness between melanoma tissue and healthy skin and between the faecal microbiome of MeLiM piglets and control piglets were observed. Both Principal Coordinate Analysis and Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed dissimilarities between different bacterial communities. Linear discriminant analysis effect size at the genus level determined different potential biomarkers in multiple bacterial communities.Lactobacillus, Clostridiumsensu stricto 1 andCorynebacterium1 were the most discriminately higher genera in the healthy skin microbiome, whileFusobacterium, Trueperella, Staphylococcus, StreptococcusandBacteroideswere discriminately abundant in melanoma tissue microbiome.Bacteroides, FusobacteriumandEscherichia-Shigellawere associated with the faecal microbiota of MeLiM piglets. Potential functional pathways analysis based on the KEGG database indicated significant differences in the predicted profile metabolisms between the healthy skin microbiome and melanoma tissue microbiome. The faecal microbiome of MeLiM piglets was enriched by genes related to membrane transports pathways allowing for the increase of intestinal permeability and alteration of the intestinal mucosal barrier.ConclusionThe associations between melanoma progression and dysbiosis in the skin microbiome as well as dysbiosis in the gut microbiome were identified. Results provide promising information for further studies on the local skin and gut microbiome involvement in melanoma progression and may support the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Transcriptome analysis revealed growth phase-associated changes of a centenarian-originated probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6
Authors: Wang Hui , An Jieran , Fan Chengfei , Zhai Zhengyuan , Zhang Hongxing , Hao Yanling 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The physiology and application characteristics of probiotics are closely associated with the growth phase. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 is a promising probiotic strain isolated from the feces of a healthy centenarian in China. In this study, RNA-seq was carried out to investigate the metabolic mechanism between the exponential and the stationary phase in B. lactis A6.

Results
Differential expression analysis showed that a total of 815 genes were significantly changed in the stationary phase compared to the exponential phase, which consisted of 399 up-regulated and 416 down-regulated genes. The results showed that the transport and metabolism of cellobiose, xylooligosaccharides and raffinose were enhanced at the stationary phase, which expanded carbon source utilizing profile to confront with glucose consumption. Meanwhile, genes involved in cysteine-cystathionine-cycle (CCC) pathway, glutamate dehydrogenase, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) biosynthesis, and Clp protease were all up-regulated in the stationary phase, which may enhance the acid tolerance of B. lactis A6 during stationary phase. Acid tolerance assay indicated that the survival rate of stationary phase cells was 51.07% after treatment by pH 3.0 for 2h, which was 730-fold higher than that of 0.07% with log phase cells. In addition, peptidoglycan biosynthesis was significantly repressed, which is comparable with the decreased growth rate during the stationary phase. Remarkably, a putative gene cluster encoding Tad pili was up-regulated by 6.5 to 12.1-fold, which is consistent with the significantly increased adhesion rate to mucin from 2.38% to 4.90% during the transition from the exponential phase to the stationary phase.

Conclusions
This study reported growth phase-associated changes of B. lactis A6 during fermentation, including expanded carbon source utilizing profile, enhanced acid tolerance, and up-regulated Tad pili gene cluster responsible for bacterial adhesion in the stationary phase. These findings provide a novel insight into the growth phase associated characteristics in B. lactis A6 and provide valuable information for further application in the food industry.
What matters most in acute care: an interview study with older people living with frailty
Authors: van Oppen James David , Coats Timothy John , Conroy Simon Paul , Lalseta Jagruti , Phelps Kay , Regen Emma , Riley Peter , Valderas Jose Maria , Mackintosh Nicola 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare outcome goals are central to person-centred acute care, however evidence among older people is scarce. Older people who are living with frailty have distinct requirements for healthcare delivery and have distinct risk for adverse outcomes from healthcare. There is insufficient evidence for whether those living with frailty also have distinct healthcare outcome goals. This study explored the nature of acute care outcome goals in people living with frailty.MethodsHealthcare outcome goals were explored using semi-structured patient interviews. Participants aged over 65 with Clinical Frailty Score 5-8 (mild to very severe frailty) were recruited during their first 72 hours in a UK hospital. Purposive, maximum variation sampling was guided by lay partners from a Patient and Public Involvement Forum specialising in ageing-related research. Qualitative analysis used a blended approach based on framework and constant comparative methodologies for the identification of themes. Findings were validated through triangulation with participant, lay partner, and technical expert review.ResultsThe 22 participants were aged 71 to 98 and had mild to very severe frailty. One quarter were living with dementia. Most participants had reflected on their situation and considered their outcome goals. Theme categories (and corresponding sub-categories) were ‘Autonomy’ (information, control, and security) and ‘Functioning’ (physical, psychosocial, and relief). A novel ‘security’ theme was identified, whereby participants sought to feel safe in their usual living place and with their health problems. Those living with milder frailty were concerned to maintain ability to support loved ones, while those living with most severe frailty were concerned about burdening others.ConclusionsOutcome goals for acute care among older participants living with frailty were influenced by the insecurity of their situation and fear of deterioration. Patients may be supported to feel safe and in control through appropriate information provision and functional support.
Initiation of lactation and the provision of human milk to preterm infants in German neonatal intensive care units from the mothers’ perspective
Authors: Scholten N. , Mause L. , Horenkamp-Sonntag D. , Klein M. , Dresbach T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
If infants with a very low birth weight (VLBW) are to be fed exclusively with human milk, it is essential to focus on lactation initiation. The aim of the study is to learn more about the current state of lactation initiation and human milk provision in neonatal intensive care units in Germany from the mothers' perspective.

Methods
Written surveys were conducted with mothers of VLBW infants to learn more about the timing of initiation of lactation, pumping frequency during the first three days postpartum and feeding of the preterm infant during hospitalisation.

Results
The data of 437 mothers (response rate: 44.7%) were included in the analyses. Of these, only 7.8% stated that they had initiated lactation immediately after delivery and 38.2% within 6 h. In terms of pumping frequency, 50.1% pumped 7–9 times a day within the first 3 days postpartum; 60.9% reported that their infant received formula feedings during the hospital stay.

Conclusion
Overall, deficits were still evident with regard to the initiation of lactation in mothers of VLBW infants in Germany, resulting in a large proportion of VLBW infants receiving formula in the hospital.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trial Register: DRKS00017755.
Impact on routine psychiatric diagnostic practice from implementing the DSM-5 cultural formulation interview: a pragmatic RCT in Sweden
Authors: Wallin Malin Idar , Galanti Maria Rosaria , Nevonen Lauri , Lewis-Fernández Roberto , Bäärnhielm Sofie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Culture and social context affect the expression and interpretation of symptoms of distress, raising challenges for transcultural psychiatric diagnostics. This increases the risk that mental disorders among migrants and ethnic minorities are undetected, diagnosed late or misdiagnosed. We investigated whether adding a culturally sensitive tool, the DSM-5 core Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI), to routine diagnostic procedures impacts the psychiatric diagnostic process.

Method
We compared the outcome of a diagnostic procedure that included the CFI with routine diagnostic procedures used at Swedish psychiatric clinics. New patients (n = 256) admitted to a psychiatric outpatient clinic were randomized to a control (n = 122) or CFI-enhanced diagnostic procedure (n = 134) group. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted and the prevalence ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated across arms for depressive and anxiety disorder diagnoses, multiple diagnoses, and delayed diagnosis.

Results
The prevalence ratio (PR) of a depressive disorder diagnosis across arms was 1.21 (95% CI = 0.83-1.75), 33.6% of intervention-arm participants vs. 27.9% of controls. The prevalence ratio was higher among patients whose native language was not Swedish (PR =1.61, 95% CI = 0.91-2.86). The prevalence ratio of receiving multiple diagnoses was higher for the CFI group among non-native speaking patients, and lower to a statistically significant degree among native Swedish speakers (PR = .39, 95% CI = 0.18-0.82).

Conclusions
The results suggest that the implementation of the DSM-5 CFI in routine psychiatric diagnostic practice may facilitate identification of symptoms of certain psychiatric disorders, like depression, among non-native speaking patients in a migration context. The CFI did not result in a reduction of patients with a non-definite diagnosis.

Trial registration
ISRCTN51527289, 30/07/2019. The trial was retrospectively registered.
Correlation between functional disability and quality of life among rural elderly in Anhui province, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhu Weizheng , He Xinran , Liu Yuyang , Sun Qian , Ding Hong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to explore the correlation between functional disability and quality of life (QoL). And exploring the interaction of functional disability, basic demographic characteristics and health-related information on QoL among the rural elderly in Anhui Province.

Methods
This study used multi-stage stratified cluster sampling in rural Anhui Province from January to July 2018 to conduct a cross-sectional survey of older adults who met the inclusion criteria. The Five-Dimensional European Quality Of Health Scale (EQ-5D) and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS2.0) scale were used to evaluate the QoL and functional disability, and the basic demographic characteristics of the survey subjects were also collected. Using binary logistic and Classification and regression tree model (CART) models to analyze the data, explore the relationship between functional disability and QoL in the elderly.

Results
A total of 3491 older adults were included in the survey, and 3336 completed the entire survey, with an effective response rate of 95.56%. After adjusting for covariables, those who had limited in dimension of mobility (AOR=2.243, 95%CI: 1.743-2.885), getting along (AOR=1.615, 95%CI: 1.173-2.226), life activities (AOR=2.494, 95%CI:1.928-3.226), and social participation (AOR=2.218, 95%CI: 1.656-2.971) had a lower QoL. However, the dimension of cognition (AOR=0.477, 95%CI: 0.372-0.613) is a protective factor for QoL. Additionally, we also observe that 96.3% of those who were unemployed and limited in both mobility and life activities dimensions had a lower QoL, but among those who were robust in both mobility and social participation dimensions and not suffer from chronic diseases, 56.3% had a higher QoL.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that special attention should be paid to the elderly who are unemployed, have limited in cognition, getting along, social participation, mobility, life activities and cognition robust to improve their QoL. This research is of great significance for formulating targeted strategies and measures to improve the QoL for rural elderly.
Impact of COVID-19 on Malaysian dental students’ physical, mental, financial and academic concerns
Authors: Lestari Widya , Yazid Nur Hazirah , Azhar Zawin Najah , Ismail Azlini , Sukotjo Cortino 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has gained worldwide attention and proved to hold an impact to humankind in all aspects of life. Dental students’ performances may indirectly be affected following the preventive measures in containing the disease. This study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical, mental, financial health and academic concern among dental students in Malaysia.

Methods
The current research implemented a cross sectional study among dental students in Malaysia. Assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on dental education was done by the distribution of a set of online survey consisting of 28 questions to dental students (n = 353) from public and private universities in Malaysia. The questionnaires include sociodemographic backgrounds and assessment on the mental health, financial health, physical health and academic concern. Kruskal Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to analyse the impact of COVID-19 to these 4 domains according to sociodemographic background.

Results
A total number of 353 respondents was recorded and 76.2% comprised of female. 59.7% were clinical students and 40.3% were preclinical students. Most of students were concerned about their own emotional health, financial concern, physical wellbeing, in which Year 3 students were found to be more concerned about their mental and financial health concern.

Conclusions
COVID-19 pandemic had indeed significantly affected Malaysian dental students mainly due to fear of the quality of online learning and the amount of clinical skills acquired. Therefore, it is important to identify dental stressors and lessen the impact of COVID-19 to dental students.
Cytotoxicity and anti-HIV activities of extracts of the twigs of Croton dichogamus Pax
Authors: Terefe Ermias Mergia , Okalebo Faith Apolot , Derese Solomon , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Youssef Amal , Alorabi Mohammed , Muriuki Joseph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a clinical syndrome resulting from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes profound immunosuppression. Anti-HIV drugs that are currently available are chemically synthesized and are frequently limited by side effects, the emergence of drug resistance, affordability, and availability, with over 5 million people in the world lacking access to treatment. As a result, to discover new anti-HIV agents, we investigated the effects of Kenyan C. dichogamus extracts on the laboratory-adapted strain HIV-1IIIB in human T-lymphocytic MT-4 cells.

Methods
Four soluble fractions of 1:1 v/v CH2Cl2:MeOH extract of the twigs of C. dichogamus Pax were tested for their replication inhibition activity against the laboratory-adapted strain HIV-1IIIB in the human T-lymphocytic MT-4 cell line. The plant extracts were further evaluated for their cytotoxicity in MT-4 cells using the MTT assay.

Results
The cytotoxicity CC50 values of the methanol and methylene chloride soluble fractions of C. dichogamus were found to be between 19.58 ± 0.79 and 167 ± 0.8 µg/ml, respectively. The hexane, methylene chloride, and methanol soluble fractions of the 1:1 v/v CH2Cl2:MeOH extract of the twigs of C. dichogamus showed inhibition of the HIV-1IIIB laboratory-adapted strain in a virus-infected cell culture antiviral assay. The methanol soluble fraction of the 1:1 v/v CH2Cl2:MeOH extract of the twigs of C. dichogamus showed significant anti-HIV activity by inhibiting more than 90% of viral-induced cytopathic effects with an IC50 value of 0.06 ± 0.01 µg/ml, giving an SI of 318.5.

Conclusion
Based on our findings, the methanol soluble fraction of the 1:1 v/v CH2Cl2:MeOH extract of the twigs of C. dichogamus has shown potential efficacy in inhibiting viral replication and could be considered a promising candidate for further studies.