bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burosumab and Dental Abscesses in Children With X‐Linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Gadion Margaux , Hervé Agathe , Herrou Julia , Rothenbuhler Anya , Smail‐Faugeron Violaine , Courson Frédéric , Linglart Agnès , Chaussain Catherine , Biosse Duplan Martin 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTX‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare genetic disorder that disrupts skeletal and dental mineralization. In addition to rickets in children, XLH patients also have frequent spontaneous dental abscesses that increase the risk of tooth loss and may lead to facial cellulitis. Hypomineralized and hypoplastic dentin is the main driver of these infections. Conventional treatment (CT) of XLH improves this tissue defect and reduces the occurrence of dental abscesses. Burosumab is a recent treatment for XLH that targets excess circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and its benefits on rickets have been demonstrated. It is not yet known whether burosumab improves dental manifestations of XLH. The main objective of our study was to compare the incidence of dental abscesses with XLH treated with either CT or burosumab. In this monocentric retrospective study, we measured and compared the incidence of dental abscess in children with XLH treated with either CT or burosumab, followed at our dental center for at least 1 year. The primary endpoint was the number of dental abscesses per month of dental follow‐up. A total of 71 children were included in the study, with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age at the start of dental follow‐up of 7.86 ± 3.76. Thirty‐eight children were treated with CT (53.5%) and 33 with burosumab (46.5%). All children treated with burosumab had previously been treated with CT. The mean number of dental abscesses per month of dental follow‐up was significantly reduced in the burosumab group compared with the CT group (0.01 versus 0.04; p = 0.04). Burosumab treatment appears to be associated with a reduction in the number of dental abscesses in XLH children, compared with CT. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Assessing the impact of pre‐test education on patient knowledge, perceptions, and expectations of pharmacogenomic testing to guide antidepressant use
Authors: Sloat Nicholette T. , Yashar Beverly M. , Ellingrod Vicki L. , Ward Kristen M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPharmacogenomic (PGx) testing is an increasingly utilized technology that offers the potential for precision drug selection to treat depression. Though PGx‐guided therapy is associated with increased rates of remission of depression symptoms, for many patients, treatment will not change based on PGx testing results. Lack of consensus guidelines for pre‐test counseling may hinder the communication of PGx testing limitations, and patients often have high expectations for test outcomes. To explore this issue, we created and evaluated the impact of a pre‐test education video for patients with depression. Individuals in the education group (n = 198) viewed this brief video about PGx testing prior to completing a survey that explored knowledge, perception, and expectations of PGx testing developed using a theoretical framework to measure intention to test. Individuals in the survey‐only group (n = 189) completed the same survey but were not provided with any PGx educational materials. Analyses demonstrate efficacy of the video in improving knowledge of PGx. The education group also reported more positive attitudes and greater perceived control over pursuing PGx testing compared to the survey‐only group. Further analyses identified significant differences in expectations, attitudes, and intention to pursue PGx testing based on number of previous medication trials. Path analyses identified the best model for predicting PGx testing intention, specifically that social norms and ease of testing have a strong positive association, and knowledge has a strong negative association with patients' intentions to test across the full sample, the education group, and the survey‐only group. The findings of this study serve as a foundation for future tailored educational initiatives in the PGx testing space.
Bone marrow overexpression of SNAI1 is an early indicator of intrinsic drug resistance in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Gouda Mahmoud B. Y. , Hassan Naglaa M. , Kandil Eman I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of effectiveness of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment remains a major challenge and resembles a principal cause of AML‐related mortality owing to chemotherapy resistance. SNAI1 has been proved to be a leading factor in drug resistance in many cancer types. However, its relation to chemoresistance in AML is not well understood.MethodsIn addition to standard lab work, the expression level of SNAI1 was determined in bone marrow samples of 109 adult and pediatric patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia using RT‐qPCR. The relation between SNAI1 and AML drug resistance and immunomodulatory genes was investigated using the STRING tool.ResultsThe SNAI1 expression level was upregulated in AML patients in particular samples with promyelocytic leukemia subtype against control cases. In the treatment response, SNAI1 was significantly higher in resistant patients in comparison with the complete remission group. SNAI1 overexpression was associated with high initial blasts and total leukocyte counts, but with HLA class II histocompatibility antigen DR downregulation. STRING analysis showed that multiple drug resistance and immunomodulatory genes of AML induce SNAI upregulation and activation. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that there was no relation between SNAI1 expression level and patient survival status.ConclusionWe conclude that the SNAI1 expression level may be a predictor of intrinsic drug resistance incidence in AML patients.
Metabolic impact of adipose tissue macrophages in the early postnatal life
Authors: Röszer Tamás 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play key roles in metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, adipose tissue fibrosis, and immune disorders associated with obesity. Research on ATM biology has mostly been conducted in the setting of adult obesity, since adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with a significant increase in ATM number. Signals that control ATM activation toward a proinflammatory or a proresolving phenotype also determine the developmental program and lipid metabolism of adipocytes after birth. ATMs are present at birth and actively participate in the synthesis of mediators, which induce lipolysis, mitobiogenesis, and mitochondrial uncoupling in adipocytes. ATMs in the newborn and the infant promote a lipolytic and fatty acid oxidizing adipocyte phenotype, which is essential to support the lipid-fueled metabolism, to maintain nonshivering thermogenesis and counteract an excessive adipose tissue expansion. Since adipose tissue metabolism in the early postnatal life determines obesity status in adulthood, early-life ATM functions may have a life-long impact.
Long noncoding RNA HCP5 promotes osteosarcoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration via the miR‐29b‐3p‐LOXL2 axis
Authors: Tan Jin‐Dian , Zhou Mei‐Feng , Yang Song , Lin Jian‐Ping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the second most common primary malignant bone tumors in adolescents that causes cancer‐related deaths. Previous studies have confirmed the promoting role of lncRNA HCP5 in the development of OS, but the specific mechanism is still not well understood. MiRNA levels were measured via RT‐qPCR and protein expression was detected via western blotting. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK‐8 assays and colony formations assay were conducted to measure colony formation ability. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed to detect the targeting relationship between HCP5 and miR‐29b‐3p, and between miR‐29b‐3p and LOXL2. Wound healing assays and Transwell assays were conducted to verify the migration and invasion abilities of OS cells. Correlations between the levels of HCP5 and miR‐29b‐3p, and between miR‐29b‐3p and LOXL2 were determined by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. MiR‐29b‐3p expression was decreased and HCP5 and LOXL2 levels were increased in OS tissues and cell lines. MiR‐29b‐3p could directly act on LOXL2 and knockdown of LOXL2 restrained the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells. Moreover, transfection with sh‐HCP5‐1 and sh‐HCP5‐2 suppressed the malignant biological behavior of OS cells. HCP5 directly targeted miR‐29b‐3p, and promoted OS proliferation, migration, and invasion via the miR‐29b‐3p/LOXL2 axis. The lncRNA HCP5 may upregulate LOXL2 expression by targeting miR‐29b‐3p, thereby promoting OS proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Vascular loops in cerebellopontine angle in patients with unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: Evaluations by three radiological grading systems
Authors: Leng Yangming , Lei Ping , Liu Yingzhao , Chen Cen , Xia Kaijun , Liu Bo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the impact of the position, configuration and neurovascular contact of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and internal auditory canal (IAC) on the clinical features of patients with unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐six patients with unilateral ISSNHL were enrolled. All patients received detailed history inquiry and standard treatments. Pure tone audiometry and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of CPA‐IAC were performed. The MRI findings of both ears were evaluated by the Chavda, Gorrie and Kazawa systems. The association between radiological findings and clinical data were analyzed.Results(1) No significant interaural difference in the position, configuration and neurovascular contact of AICA was observed. (2) There was no significant association between the AICA loop and concomitant vertigo or pre‐treatment audiometric configuration in the affected ear. (3) Concomitant tinnitus seemed to be affected by the configuration of AICA categorized by Kazawa system, while the Chavda and Gorrie classification of AICA loop was unassociated with tinnitus. (4) Hearing outcomes were not compromised by the position or configuration of AICA based on the Chavda and Kazawa systems. Patients with Gorrie type B tended to have better hearing recovery than those with type C.ConclusionsIn patients with ISSNHL, the position, configuration and neurovascular contact of AICA in the CPA‐IAC were unassociated with the side of hearing loss, audiometric configurations, or concomitant vertigo. The neurovascular contact graded by Gorrie system might be associated with hearing outcomes.
Clockwise hysteresis of diatoms in response to nutrient dynamics during eutrophication and recovery
Authors: Milan Manuela , Albrecht Nina , Peeters Frank , Wengrat Simone , Wessels Martin , Straile Dietmar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany lake ecosystems that have been severely disturbed by eutrophication, have also experienced large human efforts to restore “natural” conditions. However, the trajectories and the extent of recovery of these lake ecosystems are still poorly understood. In many shallow lakes, recovery was often delayed and counter‐clockwise hysteretic. Here, we study recovery and ecosystem trajectories in a large and deep lake using diatom remains in sediment cores and time series of phosphorus concentrations. We identified four periods of diatom community change: slow change during early eutrophication, thereafter a short period of rapid change after the 1950s, followed by community stability from the 1960s to the mid‐1980s, and finally a recovery phase until 2010. Diatom community structure responded quickly and in a saturating way to increasing phosphorus concentrations, but also fast to phosphorus decline. Hence, diatom community dynamics did not show counter‐clockwise hysteresis but was characterized by a high degree of recovery and clock‐wise hysteresis (CWH). We suggest that CWH in response to eutrophication and recovery is a typical and previously overlooked feature of deep lakes, which results from a more rapid change of average nutrient concentrations and thus productivity in the epilimnion compared to average nutrient concentrations across the entire water column. Such nonlinear and hysteretic responses to changing nutrients need to be considered when analyzing the effects of other stressors such as climate warming on ecosystem dynamics to prevent erroneous attribution of ecosystem change to other stressors instead of nutrient change.
Corrosion behavior of near‐alpha titanium alloy fabricated by additive manufacturing
Authors: Lavrys Serhil , Pohrelyuk Iryna , Veselivska Halyna , Skrebtsov Andrii , Kononenko Julia , Marchenko Yurii 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the corrosion behavior of Ti–6Al–Mo–1.5V–2Zr near‐alpha titanium alloy fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM). Titanium alloy specimens were fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM) and laser metal deposition (LMD). The same titanium alloy manufactured by traditional technology (TT) was used as a control. The correlations between corrosion resistance, microstructure and phase composition of titanium alloys fabricated by different technologies were investigated, through the use of electrochemical corrosion testing, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and hardness testing. In this study, it was shown that the corrosion resistance of AM samples is lower than TT samples. The corrosion resistance of AM samples was attributed to the presence of more α′ martensite and less β‐Ti phases in the microstructure of titanium alloy than for TT samples. The electrochemical results suggest that titanium alloy fabricated by EBM has better corrosion resistance in 20% HCl solution at room temperature compared to titanium alloy fabricated by LMD.
An ultra‐wide passband frequency‐selective rasorber with high transmission
Authors: Liao Kun , Liu Shaobin , Zheng Xinyuan , Zhang Xuewei , Shao Xianxian , Kong Xiangkun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract A frequency‐selective rasorber (FSR) with an ultra‐wide transmission band and low‐insertion loss based on compound spiral resonator is presented. The structure consists of the top lossy layer and bottom lossless layer. The frequency‐selective surface is adopted as the lossless layer to obtain an ultra‐wide transmission window. The top lossy layer is made up of the compound spiral resonator and I‐shaped metallic strips with four lumped resistors in this design. The equivalent circuit model is constructed to expound the operating mechanism of this FSR. The 1 dB transmission bandwidth is achieved from 6.98 to 12.21 GHz (54.5%) with the minimum insertion loss of 0.13 dB at 10.40 GHz. Moreover, the bandwidth of S11 < −10 dB is obtained in 4.64–12.21 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 89.8%. Furthermore, the designed FSR has a good oblique incident angle of 30° and polarization stability. Finally, the simulation results are proved by the experimental results, which confirm the feasibility of the design.
How in vitro maturation changes the proteome of ovine cumulus–oocyte complexes?
Authors: Passos José Renato S. , Guerreiro Denise D. , Otávio Kamila S. , dos Santos‐Neto Pedro C. , Souza‐Neves Marcela , Cuadro Federico , Nuñez‐Olivera Richard , Crispo Martina , Vasconcelos Fábio R. , Bezerra Maria Julia B. , Silva Renato F. , Lima Laritza F. , Figueiredo José Ricardo , Bustamante‐Filho Ivan C. , Menchaca Alejo , Moura Arlindo A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present study evaluated the effects of in vitro maturation (IVM) on the proteome of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) from ewes. Extracted COC proteins were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS. Differences in protein abundances (p < 0.05) and functional enrichments in immature versus in vitro‐matured COCs were evaluated using bioinformatics tools. There were 2550 proteins identified in the COCs, with 89 and 87 proteins exclusive to immature and mature COCs, respectively. IVM caused downregulation of 84 and upregulation of 34 proteins. Major upregulated proteins in mature COCs were dopey_N domain‐containing protein, structural maintenance of chromosomes protein, ubiquitin‐like modifier‐activating enzyme 2. Main downregulated proteins in mature COCs were immunoglobulin heavy constant mu, inter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 2, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin. Proteins exclusive to mature COCs and upregulated after IVM related to immune response, complement cascade, vesicle‐mediated transport, cell cycle, and extracellular matrix organization. Proteins of immature COCs and downregulated after IVM were linked to metabolic processes, immune response, and complement cascade. KEGG pathways and miRNA‐regulated genes attributed to downregulated and mature COC proteins related to complement and coagulation cascades, metabolism, humoral response, and B cell‐mediated immunity. Thus, IVM influenced the ovine COC proteome. This knowledge supports the future development of efficient IVM protocols for Ovis aries.
Nutrient Restoration of a Large, Impounded, Ultra-Oligotrophic Western River to Recover Declining Native Fishes
Authors: Hardy Ryan S. , Ross Tyler J. , McDonnell Kevin N. , Quist Michael C. , Holderman Charlie , Stevens Bryan S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Declines in many fish populations in large, western rivers have been primarily attributed to the anthropogenic reduction of nutrient inputs and subsequent impacts to the food web. The largest known river fertilization program was implemented starting in 2005 on the Kootenai River in northern Idaho to restore resident fisheries. Annual electrofishing surveys were conducted at multiple sites in Idaho and Montana before and during nutrient addition to evaluate assemblage and population-level responses. Although few responses in fish assemblage structure were observed, the addition of liquid ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer (3 μg/L) to the Kootenai River increased fish abundance and biomass over the 20-km stretch of river downstream of the treatment site. Increases were most notable in Largescale Suckers Catostomus macrocheilus, Mountain Whitefish Prosopium williamsoni, and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss populations, although increases in catch and biomass were detected for nearly all fish species. The Kootenai River is approximately 30 times larger in discharge than other rivers that have been experimentally fertilized and provides compelling evidence that the mitigation of nutrient declines in rivers of similar size can result in positive influences on the fish populations where primary and secondary production are limiting growth, survival, and recruitment. However, results from our study also highlight the importance of completing evaluations across varying levels of biological organization (e.g., assemblage and population) and over biologically relevant timeframes.
Characterizing Sockeye Salmon Smolt Interactions with a Hydrokinetic Turbine in the Kvichak River, Alaska
Authors: Courtney Michael B. , Flanigan Austin J. , Hostetter Mary , Seitz Andrew C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The development of hydrokinetic turbines has been motivated by the desire to reduce fossil fuel reliance, energy production costs, and greenhouse gas emissions. Detailed information about fish interactions with hydrokinetic turbines is limited; therefore, this study sought to characterize the interactions between a turbine (RivGen; Ocean Renewable Power Company) and Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from one of the most productive populations in the world—that in the Kvichak River, Alaska. By viewing real-time video imagery, our objectives were to quantify the number of Sockeye Salmon smolts that interacted with the turbine and to assess the behaviors/outcomes of these interactions during the species' smolt out-migration. From May 21 to June 10, 2021, a total of 2,374 Sockeye Salmon smolts passed through the field of view of cameras placed immediately downstream of the hydrokinetic turbine. The majority of these observed events occurred over a short (5-d) time period from late May to early June during periods of darkness (0000–0400 hours). Fish were observed passing through the hydrokinetic turbine in both normal and disoriented manners, with the rotational status/speed of the hydrokinetic turbine appearing to influence passage behavior. Blade strikes on fish were also observed, all of which occurred when the turbine was rotating at high “production” speeds. After temporally and spatially extrapolating the observed fish interactions to account for our subsampling, the results suggest that when monitoring was conducted, the hydrokinetic turbine interacted with approximately 200,000 Sockeye Salmon smolts during this species' smolt out-migration period. This study adds to the sparse knowledge base on fish interactions with emerging riverine hydrokinetic devices and may inform strategies to mitigate the impacts of developing energy projects on socially and culturally important fisheries.
UK government delays restriction of promotions on less‐healthy foods: Serious implications for tackling obesity
Authors: Moore Sally , Butler Tom 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRegulations ensuring that the promotion and advertising of foods high in fat, sugar, and salt were restricted from October 2022 are now to be delayed by the UK Government. The delay of this policy is to be condemned because it will set back the anticipated improvement to population diets and obesity levels by postponing the expected transformation of retail food environments in‐store and online. Governmental justifications for delaying these policies, the implementation of which was the responsibility of the UK food industry, can be perceived to reflect a short‐sighted willingness to use the current economic circumstances to push the responsibility for obesity and dietary choices back into the court of the consumer. Delaying these polices will, yet again, leave public health and clinical practitioners tackling obesity with less‐effective approaches focused on individual willpower and information provision.
A deep learning‐based method for classification, detection, and localization of weeds in turfgrass
Authors: Jin Xiaojun , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar , McCullough Patrick E , Chen Yong , Yu Jialin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrecision spraying of synthetic herbicides can reduce herbicide input. Previous research demonstrated the effectiveness of using image classification neural networks for detecting weeds growing in turfgrass, but did not attempt to discriminate weed species and locate the weeds on the input images. The objectives of this research were to: (i) investigate the feasibility of training deep learning models using grid cells (subimages) to detect the location of weeds on the image by identifying whether or not the grid cells contain weeds; and (ii) evaluate DenseNet, EfficientNetV2, ResNet, RegNet and VGGNet to detect and discriminate multiple weed species growing in turfgrass (multi‐classifier) and detect and discriminate weeds (regardless of weed species) and turfgrass (two‐classifier).RESULTSThe VGGNet multi‐classifier exhibited an F1 score of 0.950 when used to detect common dandelion and achieved high F1 scores of ≥0.983 to detect and discriminate the subimages containing dallisgrass, purple nutsedge and white clover growing in bermudagrass turf. DenseNet, EfficientNetV2 and RegNet multi‐classifiers exhibited high F1 scores of ≥0.984 for detecting dallisgrass and purple nutsedge. Among the evaluated neural networks, EfficientNetV2 two‐classifier exhibited the highest F1 scores (≥0.981) for exclusively detecting and discriminating subimages containing weeds and turfgrass.CONCLUSIONThe proposed method can accurately identify the grid cells containing weeds and thus precisely locate the weeds on the input images. Overall, we conclude that the proposed method can be used in the machine vision subsystem of smart sprayers to locate weeds and make the decision for precision spraying herbicides onto the individual map cells. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.