bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORK TECHNOLOGY BASED ON MEA-BP ALGORITHM IN THE PREDICTION OF MICRODOSIMETRIC QUALITIES
Authors: Gao Yunan , Li Haiyang , Gao Han , Chen Zhen , Wang Yidi , Tang Wei , Li Zhanpeng , Li Xiang , Chen Long , Yan Congchong , Sun Liang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The most abundant products of the interaction between radiation and matter are low-energy electrons, and the collisions between these electrons and biomolecules are the main initial source of radiation-based biological damage. To facilitate the rapid and accurate quantification of low-energy electrons (0.1–10 keV) in liquid water at different site diameters (1–2000 nm), this study obtained ${\overline{y}}_{\mathrm{F}}$ and ${\overline{y}}_{\mathrm{D}}$data for low-energy electrons under these conditions. This paper proposes a back-propagation (BP) neural network optimized by the mind evolutionary algorithm (MEA) to construct a prediction model and evaluate the corresponding prediction effect. The results show that the ${\overline{y}}_{\mathrm{F}}$ and ${\overline{y}}_{\mathrm{D}}$ values predicted by the MEA-BP neural network algorithm reach a training precision on the order of ${10}^{-8}$. The relative error range between the prediction results of the validated model and the Monte Carlo calculation results is 0.03–5.98% (the error range for single-energy electrons is 0.1–5.98%, and that for spectral distribution electrons is 0.03–4.4%).
The Organisational Pattern of Rohingya Refugee Community in Malaysia: Structural Opportunities, Constraints, and Intra-Community Dynamics
Authors: Putri Ratu Ayu Asih Kusuma , Gabiella Dennyza 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article draws attention to the proliferation of Rohingya community organisations in Malaysia. Based on interviews with Rohingya activists in Kuala Lumpur greater area, evidence shows that the refugee community organisations continue to be the focal points for welfare service and protection. It is argued that the ambivalent asylum policy and increasingly unfavourable socio-political environment of the host state were mediated by the organisations through support from the accumulated social capital and established social networks in their localities. We also found that despite a call for a united, collaborative Rohingya voice in Malaysia from humanitarian observers, the community continues to mobilise in separate, locally oriented organisations. Contributing factors are shown to derive partly from the structural opportunities and constraints encountered in the local contexts of Malaysia and partly from the persistent intergroup tensions. This article contributes to debates on refugee self-reliance and their prospective role in enhancing host countries’ social and economic life, as indicated by the Global Compact on Refugees. It is also relevant to general debates about refugee mobilisation in transit countries in Southeast Asia.
Deletion of Schizophrenia Susceptibility Gene Ulk4 Leads to Abnormal Cognitive Behaviors via Akt-GSK-3 Signaling Pathway in Mice
Authors: Hu Ling , Zhou Bing-Yao , Yang Cui-Ping , Lu Da-Yun , Tao Yun-Chao , Chen Lin , Zhang Lei , Su Jun-Hui , Huang Ying , Song Ning-Ning , Chen Jia-Yin , Zhao Li , Chen Yi , He Chun-Hui , Wang Yu-Bing , Lang Bing , Ding Yu-Qiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Despite of strenuous research in the past decades, the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) still remains incredibly controversial. Previous genetic analysis has uncovered a close association of Unc-51 like kinase 4 (ULK4), a family member of Unc-51-like serine/threonine kinase, with SCZ. However, animal behavior data which may connect Ulk4 deficiency with psychiatric disorders, particularly SCZ are still missing.

Methods
We generated Emx1-Cre:Ulk4flox/flox conditional knockout (CKO) mice, in which Ulk4 was deleted in the excitatory neurons of cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

Results
The cerebral cellular architecture was maintained but the spine density of pyramidal neurons was reduced in Ulk4 CKO mice. CKO mice showed deficits in the spatial and working memories and sensorimotor gating. Levels of p-Akt and p-GSK-3α/β were markedly reduced in the CKO mice indicating an elevation of GSK-3 signaling. Mechanistically, Ulk4 may regulate the GSK-3 signaling via putative protein complex comprising of two phosphatases, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and 1α (PP1α). Indeed, the reduction of p-Akt and p-GSK-3α/β was rescued by administration of inhibitor acting on PP2A and PP1α in CKO mice.

Conclusions
Our data identified potential downstream signaling pathway of Ulk4, which plays important roles in the cognitive functions and when defective, may promote SCZ-like pathogenesis and behavioral phenotypes in mice.
Achieving societal and academic impacts of research: A comparison of networks, values, and strategies
Authors: Brenninkmeijer Jonna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScience policymakers and funding agencies are increasingly interested in the societal impact of research. In practice, this means that, when applying for funding, researchers have to justify the academic impact (e.g. publications and conferences) and the societal impact (e.g. influence on policy and practice) of their proposed research. This paper aims to find out how these requirements relate by comparing two ethnographic case studies of research in health care and health assessment that aim to combine both forms of impact. I analyze the networks, values, and strategies in both research groups, and show that achieving societal and academic impacts are different research practices. Hence, I argue that academic and societal impacts should not simply be added up as requirements for research funding or academic career development but should be understood and appreciated on their own terms.
A ‘Silent’ Pandemic? 1918–1919 Influenza Pandemic in Greece: Evidence from Hermoupolis, Syros
Authors: Raftakis Michail 
Published: April 2022

Summary
The 1918–19 influenza pandemic was the most lethal pandemic in contemporary history. Exceptionally high mortality levels were also found in Hermoupolis during the 1918 pandemic, for which very limited work is available in Greece due to the lack of population statistics. Mortality increased within every age group while the W-shaped curve was confirmed when age-specific mortality is plotted. In particular, young adults and adults experienced the largest excess mortality, while short increases occurred among the very young and elderly due to their pre-existing high mortality risk most likely due to the aftermaths of the 1916–17 naval blockade in parts of the country. Finally, the limited references to the pandemic in the Athenian press—no qualitative sources are available in Hermoupolis—suggest that the Greek government may have attempted to conceal the extent of the pandemic because of the turbulent situation in the country at that time.
FGF10 Triggers De Novo Alveologenesis in a Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Model: Impact on Resident Mesenchymal Niche Cells
Authors: Taghizadeh Sara , Chao Cho-Ming , Guenther Stefan , Glaser Lea , Gersmann Luisa , Michel Gabriela , Kraut Simone , Goth Kerstin , Koepke Janine , Heiner Monika , Vazquez-Armendariz Ana Ivonne , Herold Susanne , Samakovlis Christos , Weissmann Norbert , Ricci Francesca , Aquila Giorgio , Boyer Laurent , Ehrhardt Harald , Minoo Parviz , Bellusci Saverio , Rivetti Stefano 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a neonatal lung disease developing in premature babies characterized by arrested alveologenesis and associated with decreased Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) expression. One-week hyperoxia (HYX) exposure of newborn mice leads to a permanent arrest in alveologenesis. To test the role of Fgf10 signaling to promote de novo alveologenesis following hyperoxia, we used transgenic mice allowing inducible expression of Fgf10 and recombinant FGF10 (rFGF10) protein delivered intraperitoneally. We carried out morphometry analysis, and IF on day 45. Alveolospheres assays were performed co-culturing AT2s from normoxia (NOX) with FACS-isolated Sca1Pos resident mesenchymal cells (rMC) from animals exposed to NOX, HYX-PBS, or HYX-FGF10. scRNAseq between rMC-Sca1Pos isolated from NOX and HYX-PBS was also carried out. Transgenic overexpression of Fgf10 and rFGF10 administration rescued the alveologenesis defects following HYX. Alveolosphere assays indicate that the activity of rMC-Sca1Pos is negatively impacted by HYX and partially rescued by rFGF10 treatment. Analysis by IF demonstrates a significant impact of rFGF10 on the activity of resident mesenchymal cells. scRNAseq results identified clusters expressing Fgf10, Fgf7, Pdgfra, and Axin2, which could represent the rMC niche cells for the AT2 stem cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that rFGF10 administration is able to induce de novo alveologenesis in a BPD mouse model and identified subpopulations of rMC-Sca1Pos niche cells potentially representing its cellular target.
Historians’ Uses of Archived Material from Sociological Research: Some Observations with Reference to the Affluent Worker Study
Authors: Goldthorpe John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Of late, historians of twentieth-century Britain have made increasing use of archived material from sociological research. Such use is examined in the case of the Affluent Worker study. It is argued that established historiographical practice needs to be maintained, and careful consideration given to the provenance and purposes of the documentary material that is drawn upon—with close reference to the context, objectives, and design of the original research. So far as the Affluent Worker study is concerned, such a consideration has not always been adequate, and with untoward consequences. Further, where, as with the Affluent Worker study, the original research was of a survey-based, quantitative kind, serious methodological differences regarding data analysis can arise. These become most apparent where the re-use of the relics of such research is aimed at qualifying the conclusions of its authors or at critically ‘deconstructing’ the research processes in which they were involved.
History and Sociology: A Twenty-First Century Rapprochement?
Authors: Savage Mike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article reflects on the significance of re-analysing material from social-science archives in the context of John Goldthorpe's critique of the use of data from the Affluent Worker project. Drawing on my own role in elaborating this approach, most comprehensively in my book Identities and Social Change, I defend the value of re-analysis both as a means of bringing out previously unknown popular testimonies, and also in reflecting on the way that social scientific research has itself been a significant force for social change in recent decades. I consider how the practice of re-analysis can be defended even when social-science protocols regarding replication cannot be used, and reflect more broadly the significance of the Affluent Worker study in shaping understandings of social change in Britain.
Benchmark Dose Modeling Approaches for Volatile Organic Chemicals Using a Novel Air-Liquid Interface In Vitro Exposure System
Authors: Speen Adam M , Murray Jessica R , Krantz Quentin Todd , Davies David , Evansky Paul , Harrill Joshua A , Everett Logan J , Bundy Joseph L , Dailey Lisa A , Hill Jazzlyn , Zander Wyatt , Carlsten Elise , Monsees Michael , Zavala Jose , Higuchi Mark A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Inhalation is the most relevant route of volatile organic chemical (VOC) exposure; however, due to unique challenges posed by their chemical properties and poor solubility in aqueous solutions, in vitro chemical safety testing is predominantly performed using direct application dosing/submerged exposures. To address the difficulties in screening toxic effects of VOCs, our cell culture exposure system permits cells to be exposed to multiple concentrations at air-liquid interface (ALI) in a 24-well format. ALI exposure methods permit direct chemical-to-cell interaction with the test article at physiological conditions. In the present study, BEAS-2B and primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (pHBEC) are used to assess gene expression, cytotoxicity, and cell viability responses to a variety of volatile chemicals including acrolein, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, acetaldehyde, 1-bromopropane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, and trichloroethylene. BEAS-2B cells were exposed to all the test agents, whereas pHBECs were only exposed to the latter 4 listed above. The VOC concentrations tested elicited only slight cell viability changes in both cell types. Gene expression changes were analyzed using benchmark dose (BMD) modeling. The BMD for the most sensitive gene set was within one order of magnitude of the threshold-limit value reported by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, and the most sensitive gene sets impacted by exposure correlate to known adverse health effects recorded in epidemiologic and in vivo exposure studies. Overall, our study outlines a novel in vitro approach for evaluating molecular-based points-of-departure in human airway epithelial cell exposure to volatile chemicals.
Evaluation of Variability Across Rat Acute Oral Systemic Toxicity Studies
Authors: Karmaus Agnes L , Mansouri Kamel , To Kimberly T , Blake Bevin , Fitzpatrick Jeremy , Strickland Judy , Patlewicz Grace , Allen David , Casey Warren , Kleinstreuer Nicole 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRegulatory agencies rely upon rodent in vivo acute oral toxicity data to determine hazard categorization, require appropriate precautionary labeling, and perform quantitative risk assessments. As the field of toxicology moves toward animal-free new approach methodologies (NAMs), there is a pressing need to develop a reliable, robust reference data set to characterize the reproducibility and inherent variability in the in vivo acute oral toxicity test method, which would serve to contextualize results and set expectations regarding NAM performance. Such a data set is also needed for training and evaluating computational models. To meet these needs, rat acute oral LD50 data from multiple databases were compiled, curated, and analyzed to characterize variability and reproducibility of results across a set of up to 2441 chemicals with multiple independent study records. Conditional probability analyses reveal that replicate studies only result in the same hazard categorization on average at 60% likelihood. Although we did not have sufficient study metadata to evaluate the impact of specific protocol components (eg, strain, age, or sex of rat, feed used, treatment vehicle, etc.), studies were assumed to follow standard test guidelines. We investigated, but could not attribute, various chemical properties as the sources of variability (ie, chemical structure, physiochemical properties, functional use). Thus, we conclude that inherent biological or protocol variability likely underlies the variance in the results. Based on the observed variability, we were able to quantify a margin of uncertainty of ±0.24 log10 (mg/kg) associated with discrete in vivo rat acute oral LD50 values.
Is There an Association between Vitamin D Concentrations and Overweight in Children and Adolescents?
Authors: Coelho Stephanie Ramos , Faria João Carlos Pina , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , de Souza Fabiola Isabel Suano , Sarni Roseli Oselka Saccardo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
To describe the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in children and adolescents and to verify the association with the body mass index z-score (ZBMI), lipid profile and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).

Method
Cross-sectional study with 170 children and adolescents aged between 4 and 15 years (106 normal weight and 64 overweight) from a public institution in Santo André—Brazil. Weight, height and waist circumference were verified and ZBMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Biochemical analysis: 25(OH)D levels [deficiency: 25(OH)D &lt; 20 ng/ml]; glycemia and insulin (HOMA-IR), lipid profile and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein.

Results
Mean age was 8.37 ± 3.17 years; 89 (52.4%) were male; 77 (45.3%) Caucasians and 121 (71.2%) pre-pubescent. Overweight was observed in 64 (37.6%), dyslipidemia in 108 (63.5%) and 25(OH)D deficiency in 117 (68.8%) of the individuals. ZBMI (r = −0.209; p = 0.006), WHtR (r = −0.154; p = 0.045), triglycerides (TGs) (r = −0.161; p = 0.037) and TGs/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (r = −0.168; p = 0.028) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D concentrations. Overweight children and adolescents were four times more likely to have vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio = 4.28; 95% confidence interval 1.152 to 4.907; p = 0.019), after adjustment for pubertal development (prepubertal), sex (male), HDL-c (&lt;45 mg/dl), non-HDL (&gt;120 mg/dl), TG/HDL ratio (&gt;2.0) and HOMA-IR.

Conclusions
A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (68.8%) was observed. There was an independent association between vitamin D deficiency and overweight, not observed for dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. The data point to the need for periodic monitoring of serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and reinforcement of guidelines for combating and preventing overweight in the pediatric age group.
The Bayelsa Health Summit: strategizing for health at a subnational level in Nigeria
Authors: Ogoina Dimie , Kaduru Chijioke , Stow Jones , Okoyen Ebikapaye , Igwele Pabara N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nigeria is falling short of global targets for universal health coverage (UHC) and the country's journey toward the accelerated achievement of UHC is dependent on progress made by all its subnational governments. The Bayelsa State Health Summit (BSHS) was organized by a subnational government in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria to deepen the understanding of the state's health system and to strategize for improved health outcomes. In this article we share our experience with the planning, organization and outcomes of the BSHS. The BSHS titled ‘Achieving Improved Health Systems Performance through Strategic Planning and Stakeholder Engagement’ was held for 3 d in April 2021. More than 1800 participants across diverse national and international organizations deliberated and made recommendations across the summit theme and subthemes. At the end of the summit, the state government and summit participants resolved to enact a state health law, to develop and adopt a state 10-y health system improvement plan and to establish a Bayelsa Centre for Disease Control. The BSHS exposed the context-specific needs, challenges and expectations of the Bayelsa health system. It served as a platform for extensive stakeholder engagement and buy-in and fostered high-level political commitment for the transformation of the Bayelsa health system.
Is noma a neglected/overlooked tropical disease?
Authors: Feller Liviu , Lemmer Johan , Khammissa Razia Abdool Gafaar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Noma is a debilitating orofacial necrotizing bacterial disease that disproportionately affects impoverished malnourished persons, particularly young children, the vast majority of whom live in tropical and subtropical areas in sub-Saharan Africa. It has a very high mortality rate; causes significant physical and psychological morbidity, stigmatization and social discrimination; could be prevented, controlled and indeed eliminated by common public health interventions; and is overlooked with regard to public health awareness, in-depth scientific research activities and allocation of funding for prevention, treatment and research.
According to the WHO, noma comprises five sequential ‘stages’: (1) necrotizing gingivitis, (2) edema, (3) gangrene, (4) scarring and (5) sequelae. This WHO staging of noma is contentious, leading to diagnostic confusion with misestimation of the number of noma cases reported in epidemiological studies. We therefore suggest a simpler, more practical and scientifically valid two-stage classification comprising only (1) acute noma and (2) arrested noma.
Noma meets all the WHO criteria for classification as a neglected tropical disease (NTD). Most survivors of noma live with gross physical disfigurement and disability, and with impaired psychosocial functioning, so they are very often stigmatized and unjustifiably discriminated against. Owing to the paucity of evidence-based epidemiological data on noma, the relatively low number of people affected worldwide, and its apparently limited geographic distribution, noma does not yet feature on the WHO's list of NTDs, or on any global health agenda, and thus has not become a health priority for global action. We strongly support the inclusion of noma within the WHO list of NTDs. Without doubt this will increase the awareness of noma among healthcare providers and promote the systematic international accumulation and recording of data about noma.
Phylogeny of the order Phoenicopteriformes and population genetics of the Caribbean flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber: Aves)
Authors: Frias-Soler Roberto Carlos , Bauer Andreas , Grohme Markus A , Espinosa López Georgina , Gutiérrez Costa María , Llanes-Quevedo Alexander , Van Slobbe Frank , Frohme Marcus , Wink Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFlamingos are highly mobile waterbirds that can be found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The large distribution range of flamingos, the inaccessibility of most of their breeding sites and the lack of species-specific molecular markers, such as microsatellites, have hampered population genetics studies of these majestic birds. Here, we developed a library of microsatellite loci primers using high-throughput sequencing technology that could be used for further genetic studies on Phoenicopteriformes. Microsatellite and mitochondrial markers were employed for the genetic characterization of individuals of all flamingo species and their hybrids, and to conduct a population genetics study of the Caribbean flamingo. The phylogeny of Phoenicopteriformes was confirmed with six species grouped in two major clades that diverged approximately 13 Mya. This suggests the existence of two genera of flamingos, not three, as is currently accepted. The analysis of the genetic structure of the Caribbean flamingo shows that all Cuban demes constitute a single population isolated from the Bonairean colony. This supports suggestions of the existence of limited connectivity between northern and southern Caribbean colonies. The small Galápagos colony was confirmed as an isolated population with low genetic diversity; thus, it should be considered as threatened.
Reasons for unsuccessful research submissions to JAAPA
Authors: Reed Harrison , Dehn Richard W. , Bushardt Reamer L. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
PA authors face many barriers to publication and may benefit from additional transparency in the editorial decision-making process. This study examined the most common reasons for rejection of original research submissions to JAAPA.

Methods:
Senior JAAPA editors conducted a thematic analysis of reviewer and editor comments and used these broad themes to classify the reasons for rejection of original research manuscripts submitted to JAAPA.

Results:
From October 2015 through December 2018, 77 research manuscripts were submitted to JAAPA. Fifty-six manuscripts were rejected, resulting in an overall rejection rate of 73.7%. Common reasons for rejection included: methodologic issues (55.4%), content outside the journal's scope (42.9%), poor writing quality (17.9%), guideline nonadherence (3.6%), lack of novelty (3.6%), and author(s) declining to revise the manuscript (1.8%).

Conclusion:
The most common reasons for manuscript rejection can be overcome through research planning and manuscript preparation.