bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between PSA and Total Testosterone Levels in Men with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Flores Jose M , Bernie Helen L , Miranda Eduardo , Nascimento Bruno , Schofield Elizabeth , Benfante Nicole , Carlsson Sigrid , Mulhall John P. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) secretion is a testosterone (T) dependent process. Published data suggest that a low T level is an independent predictor of higher-grade prostate cancer (PC).

Aim
To evaluate the relationship between T and PSA in patients with PC.

Methods
All men diagnosed with PC with a recorded pre-treatment total T level measurement were included in this analysis. We analyzed demographic, clinical, and pathological data. Patients were stratified according to pretreatment PSA levels: &lt;2 ng/mL, 2–4 ng/mL, &gt;4 ng/mL. Low T was defined as total T &lt; 10.4 nmol/L (300 ng/dL), very low T &lt; 6.9 nmol/L (200 ng/dL).

Outcomes
T levels by PSA groups according to the PC pathology.

Results
In this retrospective study, mean patient age was 61 years among 646 men. The distribution by PSA group was: 8% (&lt;2), 17% (2–4), and 76% (&gt;4). The mean T level across the entire cohort was 13 nmol/L (374 ng/dL). Overall, 30% had a T level &lt; 10.4 nmol/L (300 ng/dL). The mean total T level by PSA group was: &lt;2 ng/mL, 7 nmol/L (206 ng/dL); 2–4 ng/mL, 13 nmol/L (362 ng/dL); &gt;4 ng/mL, 14 nmol/L (393 ng/dL), P &lt; .001. PSA &lt;4 ng/mL was a significant predictor of low T in men with PC GS ≥8. PSA &lt;2 ng/mL was a significant predictor of very low T independent of the PC pathology.

Clinical Implications
These findings suggest that clinicians should consider measuring T levels when a patient diagnosed with PC GS ≥8 and PSA level &lt;4 ng/mL, and for each patient with PSA level &lt;2 ng/mL independent of the PC pathology.

Strengths & Limitations
Our study has several strengths including (i) inclusion of a large population of men, (ii) use of a database which is audited and reviewed for accuracy annually, and (iii) use of an accurate T assay (LCMS). Nonetheless, there are limitations: (i) the subjects of the study are from a single institution, and (ii) we did not measure free T levels.

Conclusion
In men with PC with GS ≥8, PSA level &lt;4 ng/mL predicts low T. PSA &lt;2 ng/mL predicts very low T independent of the PC pathology.
Efficient conditional Monte Carlo simulations for the exponential integrals of Gaussian random fields
Authors: Nguyen Quang Huy , Robert Christian Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider a continuous Gaussian random field living on a compact set
$T\subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$
. We are interested in designing an asymptotically efficient estimator of the probability that the integral of the exponential of the Gaussian process over T exceeds a large threshold u. We propose an Asmussen–Kroese conditional Monte Carlo type estimator and discuss its asymptotic properties according to the assumptions on the first and second moments of the Gaussian random field. We also provide a simulation study to illustrate its effectiveness and compare its performance with the importance sampling type estimator of Liu and Xu (2014a).
Strong morita equivalence for conditional expectations
Authors: Kodaka Kazunori 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider two inclusions of $C^{*}$-algebras whose small $C^{*}$-algebras have approximate units of the large $C^{*}$-algebras and their two spaces of all bounded bimodule linear maps. We suppose that the two inclusions of $C^{*}$-algebras are strongly Morita equivalent. In this paper, we shall show that there exists an isometric isomorphism from one of the spaces of all bounded bimodule linear maps to the other space and we shall study the basic properties about the isometric isomorphism. And, using this isometric isomorphism, we define the Picard group for a bimodule linear map and discuss the Picard group for a bimodule linear map.
Evidence of Mantle‐Based Deformation Across the Western United States
Authors: Castellanos Jorge C. , Humphreys Eugene , Clayton Robert W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate the role that upper mantle buoyancy anomalies play in determining the behavior of the crust. Recently, Castellanos et al. (2020; https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0476) observed that the anisotropy of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) crust correlates with the upper‐mantle velocity structure and suggested that vertical loads in the upper mantle can displace the Moho and drive crustal flow on a regional scale. To provide further insight into this relation, we resolve the crustal anisotropy in regions where near‐surface mantle‐based deformation might have occurred or is presently occurring. Specifically, we focus on the crust around the Rocky Mountains and around California since high‐resolution tomographic images reveal the presence of mantle structures similar to the ones that are thought to be driving the crust in the PNW. Our results reveal crustal flow driven by mantle vertical loading in both regions and suggest that this mechanism may be key in maintaining crustal isostasy during an orogeny.
Detecting Submesoscale Cold Filaments in a Basin‐Scale Gyre in Large, Deep Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France)
Authors: Hamze‐Ziabari S. M. , Razmi A. M. , Lemmin U. , Barry D. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSubmesoscale filaments are a well‐documented feature of oceanic flow fields. Based on the analysis of high‐resolution 3D numerical simulations, field observations, and remote sensing imagery, this study, carried out in Lake Geneva, Western Europe's largest lake, provides for the first time evidence that submesoscale filaments also exist in a lake. Field observations confirm that submesoscale, cold‐water filaments are formed at the edges and in the center of a counterclockwise rotating large‐scale gyre during summertime above the thermocline, as indicated by 3D numerical simulation results and remote sensing. Cold submesoscale filaments were well‐developed with sharp lateral temperature gradients (∼1–2°C) during summertime. Locally, these filaments can significantly increase the depth of the upper mixed layer when a relatively strong thermocline exists in the near‐surface layers and cause upward and downward vertical velocities comparable to those reported for oceanic filaments.
Growth of the Tian Shan Drives Migration of the Conglomerate‐Sandstone Transition in the Southern Junggar Foreland Basin
Authors: Li Chao , Wang Shengli , Li Yongxiang , Chen Yan , Sinclair Hugh , Wei Dongtao , Ma Delong , Lu Huayu , Wang Xianyan , Wang Liangshu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe conglomerate‐sandstone transition (CST) preserved in foreland basins records the stratigraphic equivalent of the gravel to sand transition (GST) which migrates in response to shortening in steady state orogen‐foreland basin systems. Two seismic profiles in the southern Junggar foreland basin provide the first seismic record of migrating CSTs and an opportunity to quantify its migration history in response to the growth of the northern Tian Shan. We identify the horizontal positions of the CSTs based on the distinct seismic signature of conglomerate versus sandstone and estimate their ages according to magnetostratigraphic sections. The linear‐regression analysis reveals that the CSTs migrated northward at 0.4 ± 0.1 mm/yr along 84°E from ∼23 to ∼6 Ma and at 4.0 ± 1.2 mm/yr along 87°E from ∼3.1 to ∼0.7 Ma. The discrepancy relates to variations in crustal shortening along strike of the range. Temporal deviations in the CST positions suggest the second‐order impacts of climatic change.
A New Index to Descript the Regional Ionospheric Disturbances During Storm Time
Authors: Ban Panpan , Guo Lixin , Zhao Zhenwei , Sun Shuji , Zhang Hongbo , Wang Feifei , Xu Zhengwen , Sun Fengjuan , Xu Tong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new index, perturbation index (PI), was introduced to descript the regional ionospheric disturbances during storm time. Taking the statistic relative variations of foF2 for different seasons as normalized basis, we obtained the perturbation magnitude at each station. After an average process for different regional stations in latest several hours, the regional disturbance index was constructed to depict the ionospheric storm magnitude. Taking historical data from 13 stations in China between 2007 and 2017 for example, we checked out its practicability and effect to depict the ionospheric storm characteristics. It is found that the storm time ionospheric disturbance properties are preliminary represented using this index, and the local time, seasonal and some other regular variations caused by solar Extreme Ultraviolet/Ultraviolet (EUV/UV) radiation were removed remarkably. Based on this, we classified the state of ionosphere into seven grades, namely as quiet, minor positive and negative storm, median positive and negative storm, and strong positive and negative storm. It is shown a reasonable distribution of storm events with different grades, and the disturbance variation depicted by PI is well consistent with typical storm morphology. The total storm number is well related with that of geomagnetic storms, both varied versus with the solar cycles with visible lag. We argue that it is convenient to describe the ionospheric disturbances using PI index, and it is helpful for space environment scholars to study the ionospheric storms and for space weather users to monitor and assess potential impacts on their systems.
Cross‐Terminator Variations of the Photoelectron Energy Distribution in the Martian Ionosphere
Authors: Cheng Y.‐M. , Wu X.‐S. , Cui J. , Cao Y.‐T. , Ni B.‐B. , Wei Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhotoelectrons are produced on the dayside of Mars via solar Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) and X‐ray ionization and are also frequently observed on the nightside as a result of field‐aligned transport. Based on the Solar Wind Electron Analyzer (SWEA) measurements made on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft, we show that the shape of the photoelectron energy distribution exhibits interesting cross‐terminator variations, in that the He II peak becomes less pronounced and the 10 − 50 eV smooth background becomes hardened, both more evident at lower altitudes. These observations could be understood as the outcome of “atmospheric absorption” via photoelectron collisions with ambient neutrals during day‐to‐night transport. Such a scenario could successfully interpret the diversity of the MAVEN SWEA observations such as the dawn‐dusk and north‐south asymmetries, the impacts of crustal magnetization, upstream solar wind conditions, and solar EUV and X‐ray radiation, all using the 10–50 eV spectral hardness as a diagnostic. In particular, the magnetic control of the cross‐terminator spectral reshaping is proposed as the outcome of varying day‐to‐night magnetic connectivity which naturally implies varying field‐aligned atmospheric column for “absorption.” Crude estimates suggest that an “absorbing” atmospheric column of ≈1.5 × 1015 cm−2 is required for a significant photoelectron spectral reshaping beyond the EUV terminator. Therefore the observations reported here may shed light on the extension of the cross‐terminator magnetic field lines, as complementary to the day‐to‐night magnetic connectivity inferred from the occurrence of nightside photoelectrons.
Honey authenticity: the opacity of analytical reports - part 1 defining the problem
Authors: Walker M. J. , Cowen S. , Gray K. , Hancock P. , Burns D. T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe composition of honey, a complex natural product, challenges analytical methods attempting to determine its authenticity particularly in the face of sophisticated adulteration. Of the advanced analytical techniques available, only isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is generally accepted for its reproducibility and ability to detect certain added sugars, with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) being subject to stakeholder differences of opinion. Herein, recent reviews of honey adulteration and the techniques to detect it are summarised in the light of which analytical reports are examined that underpinned a media article in late 2020 alleging foreign sugars in UK retailers’ own brand honeys. The requirement for multiple analytical techniques leads to complex reports from which it is difficult to draw an overarching and unequivocal authenticity opinion. Thus arose two questions. (1) Is it acceptable to report an adverse interpretation without exhibiting all the supporting data? (2) How may a valid overarching authenticity opinion be derived from a large partially conflicting dataset?
Non-proteolytic ubiquitylation in cellular signaling and human disease
Authors: Liao Yongrong , Sumara Izabela , Pangou Evanthia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUbiquitylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins that frequently targets substrates for proteasomal degradation. However it can also result in non-proteolytic events which play important functions in cellular processes such as intracellular signaling, membrane trafficking, DNA repair and cell cycle. Emerging evidence demonstrates that dysfunction of non-proteolytic ubiquitylation is associated with the development of multiple human diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and the latest concepts on how non-proteolytic ubiquitylation pathways are involved in cellular signaling and in disease-mediating processes. Our review, may advance our understanding of the non-degradative ubiquitylation process.
In situ monitoring reveals cellular environmental instabilities in human pluripotent stem cell culture
Authors: Klein Shannon G. , Alsolami Samhan M. , Arossa Silvia , Ramos-Mandujano Gerardo , Parry Anieka J. , Steckbauer Alexandra , Duarte Carlos M. , Li Mo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMammalian cell cultures are a keystone resource in biomedical research, but the results of published experiments often suffer from reproducibility challenges. This has led to a focus on the influence of cell culture conditions on cellular responses and reproducibility of experimental findings. Here, we perform frequent in situ monitoring of dissolved O2and CO2with optical sensor spots and contemporaneous evaluation of cell proliferation and medium pH in standard batch cultures of three widely used human somatic and pluripotent stem cell lines. We collate data from the literature to demonstrate that standard cell cultures consistently exhibit environmental instability, indicating that this may be a pervasive issue affecting experimental findings. Our results show that in vitro cell cultures consistently undergo large departures of environmental parameters during standard batch culture. These findings should catalyze further efforts to increase the relevance of experimental results to the in vivo physiology and enhance reproducibility.
Beyond Demonstrators—tackling fundamental problems in amplifying nature-based solutions for the post-COVID-19 world
Authors: Schröter Barbara , Hack Jochen , Hüesker Frank , Kuhlicke Christian , Albert Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNature-based Solutions (NbS) are currently promoted as a panacea for improving human-nature relations. Yet the way of amplifying and mainstreaming NbS beyond scientific demonstrator projects into policy contexts is still bearing shortcomings, in particular in the uncertain futures of a post-COVID-19 world. Successful NbS amplification may be achieved by (1) using multi-scalar action to balance differing interests and reconcile governance levels, (2) providing financial and other institutionalized incentives and strategies for integrated participation processes, (3) using appropriate governance and management scales effectively integrating mediators, (4) using opportunities for transformative change offered by crisis, and (5) learning from worldwide amplification experiences.
The Aging Athlete: Paradigm of Healthy Aging
Authors: Gries Kevin J. , Trappe Scott W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Exercise Boom of the 1970’s resulted in the adoption of habitual
exercise in a significant portion of the population. Many of these individuals
are defying the cultural norms by remaining physically active and competing at a
high level in their later years. The juxtaposition between masters athletes and
non-exercisers demonstrate the importance of remaining physically active
throughout the lifespan on physiological systems related to healthspan (years of
healthy living). This includes ~50% improved maximal aerobic
capacity (VO2max) and enhanced skeletal muscle health (size,
function, as well as metabolic and communicative properties) compared to
non-exercisers at a similar age. By taking a reductionist approach to
VO2max and skeletal muscle health, we can gain insight into how
aging and habitual exercise affects the aging process. Collectively, this review
provides a physiological basis for the elite performances seen in masters
athletes, as well as the health implications of lifelong exercise with a focus
on VO2max, skeletal muscle metabolic fitness, whole muscle size and
function, single muscle fiber physiology, and communicative properties of
skeletal muscle. This review has significant public health implications due to
the potent health benefits of habitual exercise across the lifespan.
Lesional Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Does the “Uncommon” Differ from the Common?
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Singh Suyash , Mehrotra Anant , Pal Lily , Katiyar Shweta , Chaudhary Nandita , Verma Pawan Kumar , Maurya Ved Prakash , Das Kuntal K. , Sardhara Jayesh , Bhaisora Kamlesh Singh , Srivastava Arun Kumar , Jaiswal Awadhesh Kumar , Behari Sanjay 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives This study aims to evaluate the subgroup consisting of uncommon pathological entities presenting with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
Methodology Twenty-four consecutively operated patients of lesional temporal lobe epilepsy were included in the study. Eleven cases were identified that had pathologies implicated as “uncommon” in previously done studies on the pathology of TLE. A subgroup analysis consisting of these uncommon lesions was done for clinical presentation and seizure outcome. The seizure outcome was assessed in terms of Engel and International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification.
Results Nine different pathological entities were identified within the study group. The mean age at surgery was 18.6 years (range 2–30 years). The mean duration of epilepsy was 48.3 months and the average duration of follow-up was 39.2months. All patients had seizures as the only complaint except three. Three patients had focal-aware seizures, two had focal motor onset, and the rest all had focal-unaware seizures. Seven patients were seizure free and the average age at diagnosis for these patients was 15.4 years (range 2–24 years.). The duration of seizure in the postoperative seizure-free group was 29.7 months and it was 81 months for the other group. All the patients with persistent postoperative seizures had focal-unaware seizures preoperatively.
Conclusion Despite the small and heterogeneous nature of this subgroup of uncommon lesions causing temporal lobe epilepsy, the clinical presentation, prognostic factors, and seizure outcome are similar to the cohort of common pathologies, including mesial temporal sclerosis.
A Renal Artery Stenting Case: Support for Increased Use of Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Viertel Achim , Breese Nils , Krist Lars , Groenefeld Gerian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFibromuscular dysplasia is a rare, systemic arteriovascular disease that often affects the renal arteries. Balloon angioplasty is recommended for uncontrolled hypertension and compromised renal function; stenting is a bailout option. Drug-eluting stents have been suggested in case reports. We report the successful intervention with an everolimus-coated stent in a very young patient. The patient was followed for 2 years after placing the stent. The success of this case suggests that drug-eluting stents should be used more frequently in comparable situations.
Face-off: Social Media Responsibility in Medicine and Nonsurgical Treatment of the Face
Authors: Kowalczyk Chris , Aguilera Shino Bay , Andrei Gherghina , Damse Amelia , Ghalili Sabrina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe practice of reaching an audience through social media to promote nonsurgical treatments of the face is in its infancy. Young adults, arguably the most health-literate generation to date, comprise both the majority of users targeted by social media and the fastest growing demographic seeking cosmetic consultation. We know that this age group is also at an increased risk of depression and body dysmorphia in an era where nonsurgical cosmetic options are typically thought to be gateways to surgical treatments. In light of these facts, it seems the ethics of medicine might be lagging behind the amorphous, rapidly evolving nature of social media and, specifically, its use as a platform for business promotion and health information. As cosmetic treatments become a normalized facet of society's health care routine, in large part due to its ubiquity on social media platforms, its promotion by providers requires reexamination so that its pro-social potential can be realized. This is ensured by fostering a social media presence and in-office attitude that treatments should be an agreement between patient and provider on realistic expectations and how best to meet them.
Bedside Ultrasonography in Evaluating Mediastinum Leakage in an Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Infant with Esophageal Perforation
Authors: Haga Mitsuhiro , Sato Yumiko , Kakihara Tomo , Sumiya Wakako , Kanno Masayuki , Ishimaru Tetsuya , Shimizu Masaki , Kawashima Hiroshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEsophageal perforation in premature infants is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt treatment. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is recommended for diagnosis. However, it is difficult to obtain CECT images in premature infants because of their unstable conditions. We encountered a case of esophageal perforation in an extremely-low-birth-weight female infant. Bedside ultrasonography was useful in the diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of leakage in the mediastinum. Ultrasonography can be a useful modality for the evaluation of perforation of the lower part of the esophagus in premature infants.
The Effect of Video Education on Skin-to-Skin Contact at the Time of Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Caponero Catherine M. , Zoorob Dani G. , Heh Victor , Moussa Hind N. 
Published: February 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to measure the impact of video education at the time of admission for delivery on intent and participation in skin-to-skin contact (SSC) immediately after birth.
Methods This study was a randomized controlled trial of educational intervention in women (N = 240) of 18 years or older admitted in anticipation of normal spontaneous term delivery. Alternate patients were randomized into video (N = 120) and no video (N = 120) groups. Both groups received a survey about SSC. The video group watched an educational DVD and completed a postsurvey about SSC.
Results During the preintervention survey, 89.2% of those in the video group compared with 83.3% of those in the no video group indicated that they planned to use SSC (p = 0.396). After the video, 98.3% planned to do SSC after delivery (p < 0.001). However, only 59.8% started SSC within 5 minutes of delivery in the video group and only 49.4% started SSC within 5 minutes of delivery in the no video group (p = 0.17).
Conclusion Video education alters the intention and trends toward participation in SSC within 5 minutes of delivery. Despite the plans for SSC, however, there was no significant difference in rates between the two groups. These findings support that obstacles, other than prenatal education, may affect early SSC.
Key Points