bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal Melorheostosis Associated with Intradural Fibrous Band and Extensive Lipomatosis Causing Thoracic Cord Tethering and Myelomalacia: A Unique Case Highlighting Importance of MRI in Management
Authors: Dhanokar Kanchan Vivek , Pushpa B.T. , Shetty Ajoy Prasad , Rajasekaran S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAxial melorheostosis is rare with only few cases reported and even fewer with symptoms. While symptoms secondary to neural foramen or spinal canal stenosis caused by hyperostotic bone are common, only three symptomatic cases of spinal melorheostosis with associated intradural lipomatous lesions have been reported to date. In none of them the fibrous component of lipofibromatous lesion was identified preoperatively on magnetic resonance imaging. We report here a case of 18-year-old male who presented with thoracic myelopathy secondary to widespread spinal melorheostosis associated with extensive intradural lipomatosis and fibrous component in thoracic lipoma, causing tethering of thoracic spinal cord and myelomalacia. The patient was treated with T2 to T9 posterior instrumented stabilization followed by T3 to T8 laminectomy along with selective thoracic lipofibromatous tumor debulking. Detection of the fibromatous component in multilevel extensive intradural lipomatosis associated with melorheostosis is helpful in planning selection of the level of surgical excision and decompression.
Physicians' Perceptions and Expectations of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Clinical Decision Support System in Cancer Care in an Underserved Setting
Authors: Rizvi Rubina F. , Emani Srinivas , Rocha Hermano A. Lima , de Aquino Camila Machado , Garabedian Pamela M. , Rui Angela , Arruda Carlos André Moura , Sands-Lincoln Megan , Rozenblum Ronen , Felix Winnie , Jackson Gretchen P. , Juacaba Sérgio F. , Bates David W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being increasingly incorporated into health care. However, few studies have evaluated users' expectations of such tools, prior to implementation, specifically in an underserved setting.
Methods We conducted a qualitative research study employing semistructured interviews of physicians at The Instituto do Câncer do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. The interview guide focused on anticipated, perceived benefits and challenges of using an AI-based clinical decision support system tool, Watson for Oncology. We recruited physician oncologists, working full or part-time, without prior experience with any AI-based tool. The interviews were taped and transcribed in Portuguese and then translated into English. Thematic analysis using the constant comparative approach was performed.
Results Eleven oncologists participated in the study. The following overarching themes and subthemes emerged from the analysis of interview transcripts: theme-1, “general context” including (1) current setting, workload, and patient population and (2) existing challenges in cancer treatment, and theme-2, “perceptions around the potential use of an AI-based tool,” including (1) perceived benefits and (2) perceived challenges. Physicians expected that the implementation of an AI-based tool would result in easy access to the latest clinical recommendations, facilitate standardized cancer care, and allow it to be delivered with greater confidence and efficiency. Participants had several concerns such as availability of innovative treatments in resource-poor settings, treatment acceptance, trust, physician autonomy, and workflow disruptions.
Conclusion This study provides physicians' anticipated perspectives, both benefits and challenges, about the use of an AI-based tool in cancer treatment in a resource-limited setting.
Adams-Oliver Syndrome: Vestigial Tail and Genetics Update
Authors: Zhu Victor Z. , Hansen-Kiss Emily , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Payne Phileemon E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdams-Oliver syndrome is a well-recognized autosomal dominant disorder for which mutations in six genes are etiologic, but account for only one-third of the cases. We report a patient with two genetic disorders; Adams-Oliver and Xp22.33 deletion syndromes, as well as a vestigial pseudotail. The presence of a pseudotail has not previously been reported in either of these genetic conditions. Absence of a molecular etiology underlying Adams-Oliver syndrome confirms that there are additional genetic causes to be identified.
Research–Practice–Collaborations in Engineering
Authors: Meilinger Stefanie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn her recent article, Bender discusses several aspects of research–practice–collaborations (RPCs). In this commentary, we apply Bender's arguments to experiences in engineering research and development (R&D). We investigate the influence of interaction with practice partners on relevance, credibility, and legitimacy in the special engineering field of product development and analyze which methodological approaches are already being pursued for dealing with diverging interests and asymmetries and which steps will be necessary to include interests of civil society beyond traditional customer relations.
Spontaneous and photo-induced decay processes of WF5− and HfF5− molecular anions in a cryogenic storage ring
Authors: Gnaser Hubert , Martschini Martin , Leimbach David , Karls Julia , Hanstorp Dag , Indrajith Suvasthika , Ji Mingchao , Martini Paul , Simonsson Ansgar , Zettergren Henning , Schmidt Henning T. , Golser Robin 
Published: August 2022

Spontaneous and photo-induced decay processes of HfF5− and WF5− molecular anions were investigated in the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment (DESIREE). The observation of these reactions over long time scales (several tens of ms) was possible due to the cryogenic temperatures (13 K) and the extremely low residual gas pressure (∼10−14 mbar) of DESIREE. For photo-induced reactions, laser wavelengths in the range 240 to 450 nm were employed. Both anion species were found to undergo spontaneous decay via electron detachment or fragmentation. After some ms, radiative cooling processes were observed to lower the probability for further decay through these processes. Photo-induced reactions indicate the existence of an energy threshold for WF5− anions at about 3.5 eV, above which the neutralization yield increases strongly. By contrast, HfF5− ions exhibit essentially no enhanced production of neutrals upon photon interaction, even for the highest photon energy used in this experiment (∼5.2 eV). This suppression will be highly beneficial for the efficient detection, in accelerator mass spectrometry, of the extremely rare isotope 182Hf using the 182HfF5− anion while effectively reducing the interfering stable isobar 182W in the analyte ion 182WF5−. The radionuclide 182Hf is of great relevance in astrophysical environments as it constitutes a potential candidate to study the events of nucleosynthesis that may have taken place in the vicinity of the solar system several million years ago.
Cell-penetrating peptides enhance peptide vaccine accumulation and persistence in lymph nodes to drive immunogenicity
Authors: Backlund Coralie M. , Holden Rebecca L. , Moynihan Kelly D. , Garafola Daniel , Farquhar Charlotte , Mehta Naveen K. , Maiorino Laura , Pham Sydney , Iorgulescu J. Bryan , Reardon David A. , Wu Catherine J. , Pentelute Bradley L. , Irvine Darrell J. 
Published: August 2022

Peptide-based cancer vaccines are widely investigated in the clinic but exhibit modest immunogenicity. One approach that has been explored to enhance peptide vaccine potency is covalent conjugation of antigens with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), linear cationic and amphiphilic peptide sequences designed to promote intracellular delivery of associated cargos. Antigen-CPPs have been reported to exhibit enhanced immunogenicity compared to free peptides, but their mechanisms of action in vivo are poorly understood. We tested eight previously described CPPs conjugated to antigens from multiple syngeneic murine tumor models and found that linkage to CPPs enhanced peptide vaccine potency in vivo by as much as 25-fold. Linkage of antigens to CPPs did not impact dendritic cell activation but did promote uptake of linked antigens by dendritic cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, T cell priming in vivo requiredBatf3-dependent dendritic cells, suggesting that antigens delivered by CPP peptides were predominantly presented via the process of cross-presentation and not through CPP-mediated cytosolic delivery of peptide to the classical MHC class I antigen processing pathway. Unexpectedly, we observed that many CPPs significantly enhanced antigen accumulation in draining lymph nodes. This effect was associated with the ability of CPPs to bind to lymph-trafficking lipoproteins and protection of CPP-antigens from proteolytic degradation in serum. These two effects resulted in prolonged presentation of CPP-peptides in draining lymph nodes, leading to robust T cell priming and expansion. Thus, CPPs can act through multiple unappreciated mechanisms to enhance T cell priming that can be exploited for cancer vaccines with enhanced potency.
Influence of exercise intensity and hypoxic exposure on physiological, perceptual and biomechanical responses to treadmill running
Authors: Li Tee Chris Chow , Chong Mee Chee , Sundar Viswanath , Chok Chuen Leang , Md Razali Mohd Rizal , Yeo Wee Kian , Girard Olivier 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTAcute physiological, perceptual and biomechanical consequences of manipulating both exercise intensity and hypoxic exposure during treadmill running were determined. On separate days, eleven trained individuals ran for 45 s (separated by 135 s of rest) on an instrumented treadmill at seven running speeds (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 km.h−1) in normoxia (NM, FiO2 = 20.9%), moderate hypoxia (MH, FiO2 = 16.1%), high hypoxia (HH, FiO2 = 14.1%) and severe hypoxia (SH, FiO2 = 13.0%). Running mechanics were collected over 20 consecutive steps (i.e. after running ∼25 s), with concurrent assessment of physiological (heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation) and perceptual (overall perceived discomfort, difficulty breathing and leg discomfort) responses. Two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA (seven speeds × four conditions) were used. There was a speed × condition interaction for heart rate (p = 0.045, ηp2 = 0.22), with lower values in NM, MH and HH compared to SH at 8 km.h−1 (125 ± 12, 125 ± 11, 128 ± 12 vs 132 ± 10 b.min−1). Overall perceived discomfort (8 and 16 km.h−1; p = 0.019 and p = 0.007, ηp2  = 0.21, respectively) and perceived difficulty breathing (all speeds; p = 0.023, ηp2  = 0.37) were greater in SH compared to MH, whereas leg discomfort was not influenced by hypoxic exposure. Minimal difference was observed in the twelve kinetics/kinematics variables with hypoxia (p > 0.122; ηp2 = 0.19). Running at slower speeds in combination with severe hypoxia elevates physiological and perceptual responses without a corresponding increase in ground reaction forces.
The effect of parameters on the signal compensation performance in the modified non-negative Tikhonov regularization method within a Bayesian frame
Authors: Qin Feng , Gao Yuan , Wu Shuang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recently, a modified non-negative Tikhonov regularization method within the Bayesian frame has been successfully proposed, and demonstrated to have excellent compensation performance towards the signal distortion induced by long-distance transmission in coaxial cable. However, how the parameters of this modified method affect compensation performance has not yet been investigated and analyzed, which may in turn bring some obstacles in the practical utilization of this modified method. Herein, we carried out a systematic study on the effect of parameters on the signal compensation performance of this modified method. The bias constant D has almost no influence on the compensation performance if the unknown input signal satisfies the non-negative constraint. When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is less than 40 dB, the compensation performance is continuously improved as the SNR increases. Once the SNR attains ∼40 dB, the compensated signal is nearly identical to the input signal. Further increment of SNR does not give rise to an improved compensation performance and the relative error between the compensated signal and input signal remains nearly unchanged. The sampling frequency interval

Δ
f

of S21 should satisfy the restriction of

Δ
f
=

F
s

/

n

, with

F
s

and

n

representing the sampling frequency of the digital oscilloscope and number of points of the output signal, respectively. The compensation performance is excellent initially, whereas it rapidly deteriorates once

Δ
f

exceeds a certain value that is highly related to the length of the impulse response function. This study provides a beneficial reference for application of the modified signal compensation method.
Yolk-shell shaped Au-Bi2S3 heterostructure nanoparticles for controlled drug release and combined tumor therapy
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Zhang Qin , Cang Feng , Wu Shilong , Jiang Yu , Zhao Qiyao , Zhou Yifan , Qu Xiaomeng , Zhang Xuesong , Jin Yushen , Li Yanyan , Fu Yujie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To fabricate a novel stimuli-responsive system enabling controlled drug release and synergistic therapy, yolk-shell shaped bismuth sulfide modified with Au nanoparticles (Au-Bi2S3) was prepared. The Au-Bi2S3 nanomaterial with heterojunction structure exhibited excellent photothermal conversion efficiency and considerable free radicals yield under laser irradiation. The drug delivery capacity was confirmed by co-loading Berberine hydrochloride (BBR) and a phase change material 1-tetradecanol (PCM), which could be responsible for NIR light induced thermal controlled drug release. In vitro investigation demonstrated that Au-Bi2S3 has cell selectivity, and with the assistance of the properties of Au-Bi2S3, the loaded drug could give full play to their cancer cell inhibition ability. Our work highlights the great potential of this nanoplatform which could deliver and control Berberine hydrochloride release as well as realize the synergistic anti-tumor strategy of photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy for tumor therapy.
Simply prepared electrocatalyst of CoFe alloy and nitrogen-doped carbon with multi-dimensional structure and high performance for rechargeable zinc-air battery
Authors: He Yu , Xi Zhiwei , Xu Chunli 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Simple and green preparation of highly-performed electrocatalysts for reaction both at cathode (oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)) and anode (oxygen evolution reaction (OER)) is crucial for boosting the application of meta-air battery. CoFe alloy and nitrogen doped carbon (CoFe-NC) material was prepared by a one-step carbonization procedure to construct a highly efficient electrocatalysis in this work. CoFe-NC displays a three-dimensional (3D) flower-like morphology composed of ordered stacked 2D nanosheets, which is entangled by 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Its structure and electrocatalytic performance are compared with that of nitrogen doped carbon materials obtained from 2D zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks (ZIF) with no metal or single metal, as well as 3D ZIF with bimetal. Benefiting from the multi-dimensional structure of bimetal nanoparticles, 1D CNTs, 2D nanosheets, and 3D flowers, as well as the abundant active sites of Co/Fe–N
x
and pyridine nitrogen, CoFe-NC displays a high half-wave potential of 0.896 V for ORR and low overpotential of 370 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER. Furthermore, compared with the primary and rechargeable Zn-air batteries fabricated with commercial Pt/C-RuO2 catalysts, the CoFe-NC catalysts assembled Zn-air batteries show a higher specific capacity (812.2 mAh g−1), open circuit potential (1.59 V), power density (183.4 mW cm−2), and stability. Hence, a facile and environmental-friendly strategy is provided for rational design and synthesis of bifunctional electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries.
Discussion of temperature-dependent epsilon-near-zero effect in graphene
Authors: Morozov Yevhenii M , Lapchuk Anatoliy S , Gorbov Ivan V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the present paper, we discuss the temperature-dependent epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) effect in graphene arising in the framework of its isotropic model. The effect was theoretically investigated in detail using a simplified model design of the slot line containing a graphene layer in which all other effects are eliminated allowing us to focus solely on the ENZ effect. With the reduction of graphene effective temperature, the ENZ effect in the near-IR wavelength range was found to become pronounced even for structures and metasurfaces for which it has been considered neglectable and has not been previously observed at room temperatures. This temperature-dependent behaviour was interpreted analytically within the approximation in which the real part of the graphene dielectric constant is considered vanishingly small in comparison with the imaginary part (this condition is always satisfied at the ENZ point in graphene). Furthermore, the results presented in the paper may be potentially helpful in the construction of an experiment designed to finally prove or disregard the applicability of the isotropic model of graphene.
Bandgap engineering and modulation of thermodynamic, and optical properties of III-N monolayers XN (X = In, Ga & Al) by mutual alloying
Authors: Kumar Nilesh , Chaurasiya Rajneesh , Karlicky Frantisek , Dixit Ambesh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigated the structural, thermodynamic, and optoelectronic properties of InxAl1−xN, InxGa1−xN, and GaxAl1−xN alloys for x = 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75. The optimized lattice constants showed nearly a small deviation trend from Vegard’s law with composition x. The impact of mutual alloying is evaluated in terms of enthalpy and interaction parameters. The calculated electronic band structures and density of states lie in the bandgap ranges from 1.09 eV to 2.72 eV for composition x 0.25 to 0.75. These electronic properties suggested that alloys are suitable bandgap semiconductors with large variations in their bandgap energies for optoelectronic applications. The optical properties are calculated using the dielectric constant and correlated with the calculated electronic band structures. The main reflectivity peak and absorption coefficient showed a significant shift with increasing x. These monolayers’ suitable bandgap and optoelectronic properties make them attractive for optoelectronic applications, including photovoltaics and photodetectors.
Hiding neutrinoless double beta decay in the minimal seesaw model with the TM1 or μ–τ reflection symmetry
Authors: Zhao Zhen-Hua , Sun Yan-Bin , Lei Ying-Ke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Asakaet al(2021Phys. Rev. D103, 015014), Asaka, Ishida and Tanaka put forward an interesting possibility that the neutrinoless double beta decay can be hidden in the minimal seesaw model with the two right-handed neutrinos having a hierarchical mass structure: the lighter one is lighter enough than the typical Fermi-momentum scale of nuclei while the heavier one is sufficiently heavy to decouple from the neutrinoless double beta decay. Then, in the basis where the mass matrices of the charged leptons and right-handed neutrinos are diagonal, for some particular texture of the Dirac neutrino mass matrixMD, the neutrinoless double beta decay can be hidden. In this paper, on top of this specified model, we study the interesting scenario thatMDfurther obeys the TM1 symmetry orμ–τreflection symmetry which are well motivated by the experimental results for the neutrino mixing parameters.
Bump-on-tail distributions caused by Alfvénic redistribution of energetic ions
Authors: Nabais F. , Boboc A. , Calado R. , Eriksson J. , Ferreira J. , Figueiredo A. , Hawkes N. , Hellesen C. , Kiptily V. , Mantsinen M. , Rodrigues P. , Salewski M. , Sharapov S.E. , JET Contributors  
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A series of experiments was performed in the JET tokamak aiming to study the characteristics and eventual effects of beam injected ion populations further accelerated through 2nd harmonic ion cyclotron heating. It was found that the injection of these ions could affect sawtooth stability and that these populations excite toroidicity induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) in the core of the plasma. More interestingly, measurements of DD beam-plasma neutrons from the TOFOR spectrometer show that these modes caused local bump-on-tail distributions in energy. Numerical simulations performed with the CASTOR-K code found a strong interaction between the core-localized TAEs and ions with energies at which local minima in the energy distribution were measured.
Spatiotemporal pattern of global forest change over the past 60 years and the forest transition theory
Authors: Estoque Ronald C , Dasgupta Rajarshi , Winkler Karina , Avitabile Valerio , Johnson Brian A , Myint Soe W , Gao Yan , Ooba Makoto , Murayama Yuji , Lasco Rodel D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Forest ecosystems play an indispensable role in addressing various pressing sustainability and social-ecological challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss. However, global forest loss has been, and still is today, an important issue. Here, based on spatially explicit data, we show that over the past 60 years (1960–2019), the global forest area has declined by 81.7 million ha (i.e. 10% more than the size of the entire Borneo island), with forest loss (437.3 million ha) outweighing forest gain (355.6 million ha). With this forest decline and the population increase (4.68 billion) over the period, the global forest per capita has decreased by over 60%, from 1.4 ha in 1960 to 0.5 ha in 2019. The spatiotemporal pattern of forest change supports the forest transition theory, with forest losses occurring primarily in the lower income countries in the tropics and forest gains in the higher income countries in the extratropics. Furthermore, economic growth has a stronger association with net forest gain than with net forest loss. Our results highlight the need to strengthen the support given to lower income countries, especially in the tropics, to help improve their capacity to minimize or end their forest losses. To help address the displacement of forest losses to the lower income countries in the tropics, higher income nations need to reduce their dependence on imported tropical forest products.
Towards an atmosphere more favourable to firestorm development in Europe
Authors: Senande-Rivera Martín , Insua-Costa Damián , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Deep pyroconvection associated with the development of firestorms, can significantly alter wildfire spread, causing severe socioeconomic and environmental impacts, and even posing a threat to human’s lives. However, the limited number of observations hinders our understanding of this type of events. Here, we identify the environmental conditions that favour firestorm development using a coupled fire–atmosphere numerical model. From climate model projections for the 21st century, we show that the number of days with deep pyroconvection risk will increase significantly in southern Europe, especially in the western Mediterranean region, where it will go from between 10 and 20 days per year at present to between 30 and 50 days per year by the end of the century. Our results also suggest fuel reduction as an effective landscape management strategy to mitigate firestorm risks in the future.