bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV 2 antibodies & its determinants in children of 5-to-18-year age group in an urban setting, Kerala
Authors: Mini S. S , Abraham Anitha , Gopakumar Soumya , Rajahamsan Jyothi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
There were limited data on the true burden of COVID 19 infection in children since the majority of the infections are asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of SARS CoV2 antibodies in children of the 5-to-18 years age group.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area attached to a tertiary care hospital in Kerala. Two hundred four children of the 5-to-18 year age group were enrolled in our study. The data regarding sociodemographic details, symptoms suggestive of COVID 19, exposure to confirmed COVID 19 cases and history of COVID 19 positivity were collected from the study participants. 2 ml venous blood was collected from each participant, and the seroprevalence of SARS CoV2 combined antibodies was assessed using WANTAI antibody test kit.

Results:
The seroprevalence of SARS Cov2 antibodies in children of 5-to-18 years age group was 41.7% (95% CI,34.9% to 48.43%). The seroprevalence was high in the 13-to-15 year age group, almost similar in both gender and socio-economic groups. The seropositivity was significantly associated with history of confirmed COVID 19 positivity, children with a history of symptoms suggestive of COVID 19 and the presence of positive contact in the household (P < 0.05). Seroprevalence was also significantly high in children whose mothers were health care workers.

Conclusion:
Approximately 41.7% of children showed seropositivity to COVID 19 infection. More than 50% of the children remain susceptible. Among seropositive, 56.5% were asymptomatic. Thus there is a need to test even asymptomatic children in COVID 19 positive households.
Recurrent heart failure in a child with underlying dilated cardiomyopathy associated with celiac disease: An unusual presentation
Authors: Mehra Shuchi , Gupta Ashish , Bhalla Kapil , Nanda Sanjiv 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many previous studies have shown that certain cardiovascular conditions (including myocarditis, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy) are more prevalent in individuals with celiac disease compared to individuals without the disease. Association of celiac disease with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) is a rare occurrence and a few cases have been reported and even fewer in children. Here, we report an interesting case of a 10-year-old male child who presented to the pediatric emergency in a life-threatening condition with congestive cardiac failure manifested by dyspnea, hepatomegaly, pedal edema, and raised JVP with underlying severe anemia. The diagnosis of DCMP associated with celiac disease was made. The child was advised for strict gluten-free diet and hematinics, and ivabradine was started for managing DCMP. Early diagnosis with screening tests may prevent serious complications and also are essential to prevent progression of the disease.
Mirena: Just a contraceptive device? or A modality with diverse clinical applications !
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Chopra Seema 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most frequently encountered complaint of the reproductive-age women. Heavy menstrual blood loss is responsible for interfering with women’s physical, emotional, social, and quality of life. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUS) is a highly effective reversible form of contraception. Besides this, its role in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), endometrial hyperplasia, early-stage endometrial cancers, and endometrial protection as a part of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is very well studied. This review will revisit the role of LNG-IUS as a nonsurgical option in the management of HMB.
Predictors of hypertension among current smokeless tobacco users in India; analysis from the fourth round of National Family Health Survey (2015–2016)
Authors: Vidya G. S , Bhatt Garima , Kathiresan Jeyashree , Rai Shreyans , Verma Madhur , Goel Sonu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The association between different risk factors including smoking and hypertension is studied extensively; however, there is a paucity of literature with respect to association between smokeless tobacco use and hypertension in India. In the current study, the relationship between smokeless forms of tobacco use and hypertension is being investigated.

Methodology:
This study analyzed the data from fourth round of National Family Health Survey conducted during 2015–2016. Socio-demographic variables such as age, sex, education, wealth index, body mass index, smoked forms of tobacco use, and smokeless forms of tobacco like paan, gutkha, Khaini, etc., presence of co-morbidities were the independent variables. Hypertension was the dependent variable.

Results:
It was observed from the present analysis that, smokeless tobacco use is a risk factor for hypertension both in the case of females OR-1.1**(1.08-1.13) as well as males OR-1.07**(1.03-1.1). The other predictors observed were overweight, consumption of alcohol, and diabetes.

Conclusion:
It was concluded from the present study, that consumption of smokeless tobacco use acts as an independent risk factor for hypertension.
Amphotericin B induced pancytopenia
Authors: Vaish Esha , Gupta Kamlesh K. , Ansari Shahnawaz A. , Singh Kaushal K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Amphotericin B (AMB) has been the irreplaceable drug of choice for countless fungal and protozoal infections. One of the lesser-known adverse effects of AMB is Pancytopenia - very rare with very few cases reported - most commonly observed following prolonged administration. We report the case of a patient suffering from visceral leishmaniasis, who developed worsening pancytopenia four to five days after being administered a single bolus dose of Liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AMB). The diagnosis was clinical and management involved supportive care, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). AMB is an effective drug, but is also associated with numerous side effects. Physicians are well-versed with the more frequently seen adverse drug reactions and their management. However, pancytopenia, being a rare adverse reaction to AMB, is less known and can be easily overlooked. This case report aims to ensure that the physicians must be aware of such possibilities in the first place to make swift diagnoses and management. The condition itself is seemingly self-limiting, although GM-CSF may be needed in refractory cases. It’s true that few previous case reports have indicated pancytopenia in association with prolonged AMB exposure, but we believe certain conditions may predispose a patient to a more acute presentation - as seen in our case.
Maskne: A side effect of wearing face mask and face mask–wearing attitudes and behavior during 1st, 2nd and 3rd waves of COVID-19 in rural population of Haryana
Authors: Bansal Himanshu , Mittal Riya , Kumar Vijay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The term “maskne” originated during the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic; it is a variant of acne associated with continuous wearing of face mask. Maskne is mainly observational, and the most common cause of maskne is contact irritant dermatitis.

Materials and methods:
The average mask use percentage by OPD cases visiting the hospital for a month in each wave of the COVID -19, that is, in the month of June 2020 during the first wave, in the month of April 2021 during the second wave and in the month of December 2021 during the third wave was calculated. We also included 30 patients with a diagnosis of irritant contact dermatitis aka maskne and 30 patients with diagnosis of acne vulgaris, all >18 years of age from April 2020 to December 2021.

Results:
66% of people wore masks coming to hospital in the month of June 2020 (first wave) which increased to 74% during the second wave in the month of April 2021 and during the third wave only 23% of people wore masks in the month of December 2021.

Conclusion:
Maskne and worsening of acne vulgaris can be due to wearing of dirty face masks for longer duration. Use of moisturizers and regular “mask breaks” are important aspects in management of maskne.
Estimating short-term and long-term survival in rectal cancer patients using cure model
Authors: Beiranvand Behrouz , Kamian Shaghayegh , Ghodssi-Ghassemabadi Robabeh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
A large number of rectal cancer patients are cured after treatment. In such cases, cure models are used for survival analysis. This study aims to investigate factors that affect survival in rectal cancer using the Cox mixture cure model.

Methods:
Following a retrospective design, medical documents and pathological findings of newly diagnosed rectal cancer cases hospitalized at Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2005 to 2013 were reviewed. The patients were followed up with until May 2018. The Cox mixture cure model was used. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) version 9.4. The statistical significance level was considered to be 0.05.

Results:
Four hundred nine patients were included in this study. The mean of disease-free survival was 87.08 ± 3.2 months. The hazard of the event for the patients who were drug abusers was 2.37 (95% CI: 1.30–4.31) times more than the other cases (P = 0.005). The odds ratio of the event for patients of stage III was 3.04 (95% CI: 1.51–6.12) times more than the cases of stage I (P = 0.002), and for the patients of stage IV, it was 12.42 (95% CI: 4.17–37.01) times more than patients of stage I (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The results of this cure model indicate that the tumor stage, tumor grade, and history of drug abuse are the risk factors for the survival of patients with rectal cancer. These results can attract the attention of doctors and patients who want to be aware of their physical status and prognosis.
Liver stiffness and liver function index in liver fibrosis patients afflicted with electrocardiographic abnormalities
Authors: Hajiani Eskandar , Alavinejad Pezhman , Hashemi Seyed J. , Parsi Abazar , Kardooni Ali , Dargahi Ahmad S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Heart disorders are one of the causes of death in cirrhotic patients.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate liver stiffness and liver function indices in liver fibrosis patients afflicted with electrocardiographic abnormalities.

Patients and Methods:
wo hundred patients entered this cross-sectional study. First, all of the patients underwent liver elastography. They were then divided into four groups based on the results obtained. Patients in three of the total groups (I–III) had fibrosis and those in the fourth group (IV) had cirrhosis. Afterward, electrocardiograms were taken from the patients, and based on the existence of electrocardiographic abnormalities, the patients were divided into two groups (group 1, consisting of liver fibrosis patients with a heart disease and group 2, consisting of those without a heart disease). Finally, liver function index, liver stiffness, frequency of variables, and their relationship with the presence or absence of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities were analyzed.

Results:
Forty-eight percent of the patients were afflicted with ECG abnormalities. The majority of the patients in each of the two groups were male. The differences between patients with and without electrocardiographic abnormalities as regards to liver stiffness, liver function index, and platelet count were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, the differences between the two groups with regard to serum transaminase levels did not appear to be statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
It seems that liver stiffness and liver function index are non-invasive factors for predicting the presence of accompanying heart disorders in patients suffering from liver fibrosis.
A survey on the effect of adding aspirin to anti-migraine drugs on the severity of headache in patients with chronic migraine headaches with lateral venous sinus stenosis in MRV
Authors: Shafiee Mohammad , Habibi Parnian , Sakhabakhsh Mahdi , Mirjani Rohollah , Zahediniya Mohsen , Yousefpour Mitra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
One of the probable etiologies raised in patients with chronic migraine headaches is stenosis of the lateral venous sinuses of the brain, which is detectable using magnetic resonance venography (MRV). In this study, we decided to observe the effect of adding aspirin to anti-migraine medicines on the severity of headache in patients with chronic migraine headaches with lateral venous sinus stenosis in MRV.

Methods:
The study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Patients were included in the study in two groups including 30 people. The first group was treated with propranolol and nortriptyline, and the second group was treated with propranolol, nortriptyline, and aspirin. The severity of headache, number of headaches during one month, and duration of a headache before treatment and one, two, and three months after treatment were examined. Data were analyzed utilizing SPSS software version 19 and statistical tests like t-test, Chi-squared test, Paired t-test, and repeated measure.

Results:
The results showed that the mean severity of headache in the second group was significantly lower than the first group two months after treatment (P = 0.003) and three months after treatment (P = 0.002). Additionally, the number of headaches (P = 0.001) and duration of headache (P = 0.043) were significantly lower in the second group than the first group in the first three months after treatment. No statistically significant difference was observed between the frequency distribution of nausea/vomiting in the two groups.

Conclusion:
The addition of aspirin to anti-migraine medicines is effective in improving the severity of headache in patients with migraine with lateral venous sinus stenosis of the brain.
Oral findings as predictors of obstructive sleep apnea- A case-control study
Authors: Ashraf Asifa , Menon Ipseeta , Gupta Ritu , Arora Vikram , Ahsan Iram , Das Dipshikha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the role of dental parameters that may contribute to increasing apneic activity in patients with or without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Materials and Method:
The study comprises a total of 120 patients (60 diagnosed with sleep apnea visiting a sleep center at Delhi and 60 controls). Patients were assessed based on body mass index, age, neck circumference, and gender (BANG), which were recorded for both the patients and controls. Oral and general examination was carried out using predetermined criteria for Angle’s class of malocclusion, maxillary arch constriction, facial profile, Mallampati score for uvula, tongue size, depth of palatal vault, mouth breathing, and periodontitis.

Results:
Among 120 study subjects, 92 were males and 28 females, with a mean age of 49.08 + 13.13 years in the study group and 45.28 + 14.78 years in the control group. All the variables except Angle’s class of malocclusion, periodontitis, mouth breathing, and hypertension showed significant differences in the study group. Multivariate analysis for patients with OSA revealed that obese patients were almost 1.5 times more possibly to report OSA symptoms than their non-obese counterparts. It was also found that patients with OSA were 4.12 times more likely to have neck circumference >40 cm, 2.25 times more likely to have maxillary arch constriction, 1.43 times deeper palatal vault, 8.7 times macroglossia, and 1.7 times class III & IV Mallampati score for uvula.

Conclusion:
The oral structural findings appear to be more closely related with OSA.
The association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge about oral cancer among Jazan Population, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Hulaibi Manal , Alhazemi Alhassan , Alshamakhi Atheer , Ageeli Bander , Arishi Mohamed , Zalah Abdulrahman , Abuhadi Hamzah , Hakami Ibrahim , Elmahdy Mona 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Oral cancer (OC) is a cancer of the mucosal lip, oral cavity, and tongue and is linked to drinking, smoking, or both. After lymphoma and leukemia, oral cancer is the third most common malignancy in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods:
A cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study was conducted in the Jazan province. We used an online qustionnare and the sample was selected in a random, multistage manner, with a total of 400 members from both genders. A representative subregion was randomly selected from each sector, including Baish, Samtah, Faifa, Sabya, Abu Arish, and Jizan.

Results:
Almost all of the participants in the study appeared to be aware of oral cancer. Oral cancer is not a contagious disease, according to 65% of respondents. Sniffing is a risk factor for oral cancer, according to 85% of respondents; yet, 61.7% believed that it can be healed. Majority of the study participants believed that sun exposure and alcohol consumption are both risk factors for mouth cancer. Chemotherapy, radiation surgery, and mouth augmentation surgery are all options for treating oral cancer. Seventy percent felt that oral self-examination can help detect oral cancer, and that early discovery can speed up treatment.

Conclusion:
We conclude that the research participants lacked sufficient understanding of early clinical signs and treatment options for oral cancer. A community-wide educational initiative might help to increase awareness and knowledge about oral cancer. Furthermore, additional research should be undertaken to determine the efficacy of the intervention.
Prevalence of hypertension and the associated factors among Sabar and Munda tribes of Eastern India
Authors: Giri Prajna Paramita , Mohapatra Bijayeeni , Kar Krishna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Hypertension can be attributable to about 10% of all non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There is a steady rise in the prevalence of hypertension among both the urban as well as the rural population and the tribal communities are no exception to this. The present study was done during 2009–10 among two tribes residing in a more developed eastern district of Odisha, but the results can be compared with the studies done in recent times.

Objective:
1. To find the prevalence of hypertension among the adult tribal population of Tangi-Choudwar block of Cuttack and to trace the associated risk factors of hypertension among them. 2. To assess their perception regarding hypertension.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among the tribals of the Tangi-Chowdwar block of Cuttack district during 2009-2010. Total 832 study subjects aged >/=18 years were selected through multistage stratified random sampling. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were taken with standard instruments and methodology. Statistical tests, such as Chi-square, Logistic Regression, Odds Ratio, percentage, were used to analyze the data.

Result:
The overall prevalence of hypertension was 16.7% and 41% were pre-hypertensive. Bivariate analysis showed that the risk of hypertension was significantly associated with the tribe type, age range, tobacco use, marital status, and stress (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that taking extra salt (OR-1.86; 95%CI-1.03-3.35) was significantly associated with hypertension (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
A large number of study participants (16.7%) were found to be hypertensive and in the majority of them, the common risk factors detected were tobacco usage and extra salt intake. Further epidemiological study needs to be conducted among these tribes to know the exact nature and causes of hypertension.
Physicians’ satisfaction with telehealth services among family physicians in Cluster 1 hospitals
Authors: Alqahtani Saad S. , Alraqi Abdullah D. , Alageel Abdulelah A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Physicians are increasingly applying telehealth services in the hospital. The use of telehealth services helps to ensure that doctors treat patients and write prescriptions remotely without the need to meet physically with the patient.

Methods:
The study used a descriptive survey design, in which collection and sampling of data were standardized to represent the population of all physicians. The target population was all doctors in all private healthcare systems, King Saud Medical City (KSMC), and four hospitals in the southwest area of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected via a simple random sampling system and engaged questionnaires. Microsoft Office Excel was used for data entry and preparation of graphs and charts.

Results:
We collected data from 151 physicians in Cluster 1 hospitals. Most were males (74.8%) with a mean age of 31.14 years. Of these, 57.6% thought that telemedicine saved physicians’ traveling time, 27.8% were satisfied with telemedicine services, 28.5% were not satisfied, and 43.7% were neutral; 61.6% thought that telemedicine was important for them, and 53.6% liked using telemedicine because of the similarity of participants’ values and society values underlying its uses; 59.6% reported that telemedicine improved their job effectiveness and performance, while 58.9% reported that telemedicine enabled them to accomplish tasks more quickly and made them more productive.

Conclusion:
Physicians expressed a high level of satisfaction and a positive attitude toward telemedicine. Future researches are essential to see how attitudes about telemedicine have altered since the pandemic.
Can Intrauterine Infusion of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor or Platelet-Rich Plasma Increase Implantation Rate in Women Undergoing in vitro Fertilization with Normal Endometrium: Boon or Bane?
Authors: Rai Seema , Yasaswi K. , Raj Rishi , Hiremath Ravishekar N. , Singh Smakshi 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate if intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can improve endometrial parameters and the pregnancy rate in patients undergoing fresh embryo transfer with normal endometrial thickness.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective observational study, at one of the assisted reproductive technique centers in central India. Data were collected from the institutional record system which was established as per the standard protocols. Data on a total of 225 patients who had an endometrial thickness >7 mm without any adjunct and underwent fresh embryo transfer in their first in vitro fertilization cycle during the past 2 years were collected and were categorized into three groups: Group A who had received intrauterine infusion of G-CSF (n = 75), Group B who received intrauterine infusion of PRP (n = 75), and Group C who (control group) received no intervention (n = 75).

Results:
The implantation rate was significantly higher in Group A (37.24%) than in Groups B and C (21.91% and 21.37%, respectively). No significant difference was found in the clinical pregnancy rate among Groups A, B, and C (50.68%, 40.54%, and 37.84%, respectively). Endometrial thickness increased significantly in Group A by approximately 2.3 mm. No significant change in other endometrial parameters in the three groups. The number of biochemical pregnancies was higher in the G-CSF group compared to the other two groups.

Conclusion:
Intrauterine infusion of G-CSF in women receiving fresh embryo transfer with normal endometrial thickness can increase endometrial thickness and the implantation rate without affecting other endometrial parameters and the cumulative pregnancy rate.