bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and mechanism study of the nitrocellulose aqueous dispersions by solvent displacement method
Authors: Fan Wen‐Hao , Zhou Jie , Ding Ya‐Jun , Xiao Zhong‐Liang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe traditional preparation methods of nitrocellulose emulsion have many problems, such as high emulsifier content, complex preparation processes, or the need for high energy‐consuming emulsification equipment. To address these issues, in this paper, the emulsifier‐free NC dispersion was successfully prepared by a simple, low‐energy solvent displacement method for the first time and the formation and stabilization mechanism of NC nanoparticles was also thoroughly investigated. The formation mechanism of the NC particles based on the “nucleation and aggregation” and the stabilization mechanism of the NC aqueous dispersions based on the electrostatic repulsion of anions were proposed and supported by experimental results. At the same time, we achieved effective control of the solid content of the NC dispersion by vacuum concentration. The obtained NC dispersion had a large range of adjustable sizes (63.82–143.43 nm), uniform size distribution (PDI < 0.2), a wide range of tunable solid content (0.5%–16%), and good stability (zeta potential < −20 mV), which has potential application in adhesives and coatings as promising candidates for traditional NC organic coatings.
Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) influence on mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties ofPLA/PBSeTblends
Authors: Kwon Sangwoo , Kim Youngsan , Jang Hyunho , Kim Sun Jong , Park Su‐il 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPoly (lactic acid) (PLA) is an important biodegradable plastic with unique properties. However, its widespread application is hindered by its low miscibility and suboptimal degradation properties. To overcome these limitations, we investigated the mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties of PLA and poly (butylene sebacate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBSeT) blends in the presence of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO). Specifically, this study aimed to identify the effects of PEO as a compatibilizer and hydrolysis accelerator in PLA/PBSeT blends. PLA (80%) and PBSeT (20%) were melt blended with various PEO contents (2–10 phr), and their mechanical, thermal, and hydrolytic properties were analyzed. All PEO‐treated blends exhibited a higher elongation at break than that of the control sample, and the tensile strength was slightly reduced. In the PEO 10% sample, the elongation at break increased to 800% of that of the control sample. Differential scanning chromatography (DSC) analysis confirmed that when PEO was added to the PLA/PBSeT blends, the two glass transition temperatures (Tg) narrowed, resulting in improved miscibility of PLA and PBSeT. In addition, the hydrolytic degradation of the PLA/PBSeT/PEO blend accelerated as the PEO content increased. It was confirmed that PEO can act as a compatibilizer and hydrolysis‐accelerating agent for PLA/PBSeT blends.
Scanning electron microscopy and morphological analysis reveal differences in the otolith morphology of three species of the family Lethrinidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) from Yemen
Authors: Jawad Laith A. , Shamsan Ebtisam F. , Aguilar Glenn , Hoedemakers Kristiaan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOtoliths, or ear‐stones, are calcareous components in the static‐acoustic organs of teleost fishes with a characteristic morphology. As such, they are widely used in fisheries because of the information stored in them concerning, for example, environment, age, and so forth. Otoliths of three lethrinid species Lethrinus borbonicus (Valenciennes, 1830), L. lentjan (Lacepède, 1802), and L. mahsena (Forsskål, 1775) were collected from fish caught along the Red Sea coast of Yemen. Images taken with a scanning electron microscope were used to determine their characteristics. Twenty‐two characters were defined to describe the shapes of the otoliths. Eleven measurements of distance between selected features were used for a linear regression and multivariate analysis to characterize the species by their otoliths. The results illustrate ontogenetic changes for different age groups based on the recorded shapes. All three species show a linear relationship between the total length and the morphometric measurements. A linear discriminant analysis shows marked differences between the otoliths of the three species and emphasizes the importance of the measured variables. Otoliths of L. lentjan and L. borbinicus are more similar to each other and differ from those of L. mahsena. A comparison with previously published otoliths of the species studied from other areas confirms an intraspecific uniformity across larger geographic distances, making the characters useful for diagnostic purposes.
Prebiotic Formation of Catalytically Active Dipeptides via Trimetaphosphate Activation
Authors: Chi Yangyang , Li Xin , Chen Yuyan , Zhang Yumeng , Liu Yan , Gao Xiang , Zhao Yufen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractShort peptides with unique catalytic abilities are regarded as the simplest enzymes possessing great potential as primordial species to take part in the chemical origin of life. However, prebiotic acquisition pathways of catalytically active peptides remain unclear. In this study, a microwave reactor was used to simulate hydrothermal environments, such as hydrothermal vents, either submarine or subaerial environments. A refrigerator freezer was used to make ice pieces that mimic extra‐terrestrial ice crystals. Serine (Ser) and histidine (His) were used as examples, and the formation of small functional peptides involving sodium trimetaphosphate (P3m) activation in an alkaline aqueous solution was investigated under the two typical prebiotic environments mentioned above. The obtained experimental results showed that the targeted small functional peptide Ser‐His and its sequence isomer His‐Ser could be formed in all simulated environments, even in the presence of disruptive amino acids, such as alanine (Ala), proline (Pro), and aspartic acid (Asp), in the reaction systems. Notably, Pro may have some effect on the chirality of the produced dipeptides by screening the configuration of the amino acids. Owing to the lack of disturbance of N−O migration in the CAPA (His) intermediate, the CAPA intermediate of His is more stable than that of Ser; therefore, His is more easily activated by P3m to form a dipeptide with His at the N‐terminal. The yield of His‐Ser is at least about four times that of Ser‐His in the two simulated prebiotic environments. Additionally, our work suggests that more types of amino acids can be activated simultaneously by P3m to produce various dipeptides, which will provide abundant raw materials for the evolution of life molecules.
An ensemble data assimilation modeling system for operational outdoor microalgae growth forecasting
Authors: Yan Hongxiang , Wigmosta Mark S. , Huesemann Michael H. , Sun Ning , Gao Song 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicroalgae have received increasing attention as a potential feedstock for biofuel or biobased products. Forecasting the microalgae growth is beneficial for managers in planning pond operations and harvesting decisions. This study proposed a biomass forecasting system comprised of the Huesemann Algae Biomass Growth Model (BGM), the Modular Aquatic Simulation System in Two Dimensions (MASS2), ensemble data assimilation (DA), and numerical weather prediction Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) ensemble meteorological forecasts. The novelty of this study is to seek the use of ensemble DA to improve both BGM and MASS2 model initial conditions with the assimilation of biomass and water temperature measurements and consequently improve short‐term biomass forecasting skills. This study introduces the theory behind the proposed integrated biomass forecasting system, with an application undertaken in pseudo‐real‐time in three outdoor ponds cultured with Chlorella sorokiniana in Delhi, California, United States. Results from all three case studies demonstrate that the biomass forecasting system improved the short‐term (i.e., 7‐day) biomass forecasting skills by about 60% on average, comparing to forecasts without using the ensemble DA method. Given the satisfactory performances achieved in this study, it is probable that the integrated BGM‐MASS2‐DA forecasting system can be used operationally to inform managers in making pond operation and harvesting planning decisions.
Corporate net zero strategy—Opportunities in start‐up driven climate innovation
Authors: Hakovirta Marko , Kovanen Krista , Martikainen Sonja , Manninen Jussi , Harlin Ali 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the era of industrialization, over the period 1850–2019, the total anthropogenic emissions, caused by human activities, have been around 2390 billion tons of carbon dioxide. These concentrations are now higher than any time during the past 2 million years. Mitigating climate change is on top of the strategic agenda of most global leading enterprises. Climate change solutions demand unprecedented levels of innovation in technology, policy, finance, and business models. In this respect, the global innovation ecosystem is highly reliant on large corporations, research institutions, and academia. However, start‐ups are also in the core of innovation, and new start‐up businesses can accelerate and drive climate innovation. In this article, we discuss the role of start‐ups in corporate innovation and sustainability strategies, for mitigating climate change. We analyze the progress of start‐up businesses in driving decarbonization, identified as climate innovation. In addition to studying start‐up companies' deal counts, capital investments, and pre‐ and post‐valuations, we studied the industrial sectors in which the start‐ups in climate innovation businesses operate. The results show that the total combined 2000–2022 post‐valuation of climate innovation start‐ups was 27 billion EUR, and the share of these start‐ups and financial investments or deals grew by 2000% and 2811%, respectively. Our research highlights the importance of start‐up companies specifically in corporate innovation and sustainability strategies while implementing their highly ambitious corporate carbon zero targets and commitments.
New technical concept for alternating tangential flow filtration in biotechnological cell separation processes
Authors: Weinberger Maria E. , Schoch Luis , Kulozik Ulrich 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRobust cell retention devices are key to successful cell culture perfusion. Currently, tangential flow filtration (TFF) and alternating tangential flow filtration (ATF) are most commonly used for this purpose. TFF, however, suffers from poor fouling mitigation, which leads to high filtration resistance and product retention, and ATF suffers from long residence times and cell accumulation. In this work, we propose a filtration system for alternating tangential flow filtration, which takes full advantage of the fouling mitigation effects of alternating flow and reduces cell accumulation. We have tested this novel setup in direct comparison with the XCell ATF® as well as TFF with a model feed comprising yeast cells and bovine serum albumin as protein at harsh permeate to feed flow conditions. We found that by avoiding the dead‐end design of a diaphragm pump, the proposed filtration system exhibited a reduced filtration resistance by approximately 20% to 30% (depending on feed rate and permeate flow rate). A further improvement of the novel setup was reached by optimization of phase durations and flow control, which resulted in a fourfold extension of process duration until hollow fiber flow channel blockage occurred. Thus, the proposed concept appears to be superior to current cell retention devices in perfusion technology.
Association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the R3HCC1 gene and irinotecan toxicity
Authors: Kanesada Kou , Tsunedomi Ryouichi , Hazama Shoichi , Ogihara Hiroyuki , Hamamoto Yoshihiko , Shindo Yoshitaro , Matsui Hiroto , Tokumitsu Yukio , Yoshida Shin , Iida Michihisa , Suzuki Nobuaki , Takeda Shigeru , Ioka Tatsuya , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveIrinotecan is a useful anticancer drug for colorectal cancer treatment. UGT1A1*28 and *6 gene polymorphisms are known risk factors for irinotecan‐associated toxicity. However, severe adverse effects due to irinotecan have been observed even in patients who do not harbor UGT1A1*28 or *6. We investigated gene polymorphisms in the whole exome to identify useful biomarkers for irinotecan toxicity other than UGT1A.MethodsA total of 178 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and 87 patients with pancreatic cancer were treated with FOLFIRI, FOLFOX, FOLFOXIRI, modified FOLFIRINOX, or gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel. Genome‐wide screening was performed using whole‐exome sequencing (WES), and validation analysis was performed using qPCR with a hydrolysis probe.ResultsUsing WES after a doublet chemotherapy regimen comprising irinotecan and 5‐fluorouracil (n = 15), seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as candidate biomarkers for irinotecan‐associated toxicity of neutropenia. Among the seven SNPs, an SNP in R3H domain and coiled‐coil containing 1 (R3HCC1; c.919G > A, rs2272761) showed a significant association with neutropenia (>grade 3) after doublet chemotherapy. Patients receiving irinotecan including triplet chemotherapy, FOLFOXIRI for mCRC (n = 23) or modified FOLFIRINOX for pancreatic cancer (n = 40), also showed significant linear trends between R3HCC1 polymorphism and neutropenia (p = 0.017 and 0.046, respectively). No significant association was observed in patients treated with irinotecan‐free regimens, FOLFOX for mCRC (n = 66), and gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel for pancreatic cancer (n = 47).ConclusionThus, an SNP in the R3HCC1 gene may be a useful biomarker for the toxicity of irinotecan‐containing chemotherapy for mCRC and pancreatic cancer.
Prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis from immunostained specimens of tongue cancer using a multilayer perceptron neural network
Authors: Kawamura Kohei , Lee Chonho , Yoshikawa Takashi , Hani Al‐Shareef , Usami Yu , Toyosawa Satoru , Tanaka Susumu , Hiraoka Shin‐Ichiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cervical lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor for oral cancer, occult metastases remain undetected even by diagnostic imaging. We developed a learning model to predict lymph node metastasis in resected specimens of tongue cancer by classifying the level of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for angiogenesis‐ and lymphangiogenesis‐related proteins using a multilayer perceptron neural network (MNN).MethodsWe obtained a dataset of 76 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who had undergone primary tumor resection. All 76 specimens were IHC stained for the six types shown above (VEGF‐C, VEGF‐D, NRP1, NRP2, CCR7, and SEMA3E) and 456 slides were prepared. We scored the staining levels visually on all slides. We created virtual slides (4560 images) and the accuracy of the MNN model was verified by comparing it with a hue–saturation (HS) histogram, which quantifies the manually determined visual information.ResultsThe accuracy of the training model with the MNN was 98.6%, and when the training image was converted to grayscale, the accuracy decreased to 52.9%. This indicates that our MNN adequately evaluates the level of staining rather than the morphological features of the IHC images. Multivariate analysis revealed that CCR7 staining level and T classification were independent factors associated with the presence of cervical lymph node metastasis in both HS histograms and MNN.ConclusionThese results suggest that IHC assessment using MNN may be useful for identifying lymph node metastasis in patients with tongue cancer.
Aufbaukörnungen aus gipshaltigem Mauerwerkbruch – Teil 1: Untersuchungen im Labormaßstab
Authors: Müller Anette , Liebezeit Steffen , Palzer Ulrich 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBereits früher wurde über die Möglichkeit berichtet, heterogene Bauabfälle wie Mauerwerkbruch als Rohstoff für die Herstellung von leichten Gesteinskörnungen, die den Blähtonen oder auch dem Bims ähnlich sind, einzusetzen. Dieser Weg wurde konsequent weiterverfolgt. Als aktueller Aspekt wurde untersucht, inwieweit auch gipshaltiger Mauerwerkbruch als Rohstoff geeignet ist. Damit wird nicht nur die (teure) Deponierung dieses Materials umgangen, sondern gleichzeitig wird ein Beitrag geleistet, um die durch den Wegfall des Rauchgasentschwefelungsgipses entstehende „Gipslücke” zumindest teilweise auszufüllen. Im ersten Teil dieser Veröffentlichung wird über Versuche im Labormaßstab berichtet. Im zweiten Teil steht die Erprobung des Verfahrens in der Pilotanlage im Mittelpunkt.
Association between neighborhood socioeconomic status, built environment and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among cancer patients treated at a Tertiary Cancer Center in New York City
Authors: Dioun Shayan , Chen Ling , Hillyer Grace , Tatonetti Nicholas P. , May Benjamin L. , Melamed Alexander , Wright Jason D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRacial and ethnic minority groups experience a disproportionate burden of SARS‐CoV‐2 illness and studies suggest that cancer patients are at a particular risk for severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.AimsThe objective of this study was examine the association between neighborhood characteristics and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among patients with cancer.Methods and ResultsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of New York City residents receiving treatment for cancer at a tertiary cancer center. Patients were linked by their address to data from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey and to real estate tax data from New York's Department of City Planning. Models were used to both to estimate odds ratios (ORs) per unit increase and to predict probabilities (and 95% CI) of SARS‐CoV2 infection. We identified 2350 New York City residents with cancer receiving treatment. Overall, 214 (9.1%) were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. In adjusted models, the percentage of Hispanic/Latino population (aOR = 1.01; 95% CI, 1.005–1.02), unemployment rate (aOR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05–1.16), poverty rates (aOR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.0002–1.03), rate of >1 person per room (aOR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.07), average household size (aOR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.23–2.59) and population density (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.27–2.72) were associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.ConclusionAmong cancer patients in New York City receiving anti‐cancer therapy, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with neighborhood‐ and building‐level markers of larger household membership, household crowding, and low socioeconomic status.Novelty and impactWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of residents of New York City receiving treatment for cancer in which we linked subjects to census and real estate date. This linkage is a novel way to examine the neighborhood characteristics that influence SARS‐COV‐2 infection. We found that among patients receiving anti‐cancer therapy, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with building and neighborhood‐level markers of household crowding, larger household membership, and low socioeconomic status. With ongoing surges of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, these data may help in the development of interventions to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 among cancer patients.
Asparaginase activity monitoring in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A cross‐sectional nationwide study in Spain
Authors: Lassaletta Álvaro , Gutiérrez Fernando ,   the PEGASO study investigators
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundA cross‐sectional nationwide study was designed to assess national compliance with international consensus/guidelines of monitoring asparaginase levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with asparaginase in routine clinical practice.MethodsAn ad hoc questionnaire was designed and completed by staff physicians from Hemato‐Oncology Units throughout Spain.ResultsA total of 39 physicians (64% pediatricians) with a mean (SD) age 43.5 (7.9) years and 15.3 (17.6) years of professional activity participated in the study. They accounted for 90% of hospitals in which children with ALL are treated in Spain. A total of 19 participants (48.7%) reported that asparaginase levels were routinely monitored (own center in 2 cases [10.5%], another hospital in 17 cases [89.5%]). Asparaginase was not monitored in 51.3% of the cases, mostly (80%) because unavailability of testing. When asparaginase was monitored, 68% of participants reported that this was done in all asparaginase‐treated patients and 84% in all phases of the disease (induction, consolidation, re‐induction, maintenance) with a time interval of 7 days for the pegylated form, 48 h for Erwinia asparaginase and 14 days for maintenance with the pegylated form. All participants reported that they modified treatment according to results of testing, with a limit of total depletion of ≥100 IU/L. Levels <100 or 20 IU/L were considered indicative of hypersensitivity by 46% of physicians.ConclusionThere is still a gap between what is recommended and what is done in clinical practice, with more than 50% of centers not monitoring the level of asparaginase activity in pediatric ALL. Protocols for asparaginase testing in daily practice should be implemented.
Peripheral T‐cell lymphoma of the oral cavity: A case report
Authors: Asadi Amir Ali , Mahmoudi Hamed , Mofidi Abbas , Mortezazadeh Masoud , Hadizadeh Alireza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral T‐Cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified (PTCL‐NOS) is a rare type of non‐Hodgkin T‐cell lymphoma which frequently seen in immunocompromised individuals. It is estimated that only 2% of lymphomas are located on the buccal mucosa. In this case report, we present a 34‐year‐old male with a PTCL diagnosis.CaseA 34‐year‐old immune‐competent male presented with a buccal progressive ulcerated lesion. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings were compatible with PTCL‐NOS and classified as stage IIEA according to the Ann Arbor staging. The patient underwent chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. He remained disease‐free after 12 months of follow‐up.ConclusionAlthough lymphoma is uncommon in the oral cavity, physicians especially dentists in ordinary dental checkups should consider persistent progressive lesions as an important differential diagnosis of lymphoma.
Review of automated depression detection: Social posts, audio and video, open challenges and future direction
Authors: Yadav Uma , Sharma Ashish K. , Patil Dipti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDepression is the primary cause of illness and injury in the country, with over 280 million people suffering from it as per the 2021 survey. Depression is one of the most common psychiatric illnesses in the world, affecting millions of people. Early detection of major depression symptoms and treatment with timely intervention can help to prevent the emergence of major depression. This has generated the need for some novel techniques to be utilized for depression detection to help doctors in diagnosing and treating depression effectively. Depression can be investigated through online posts, audio files, facial expressions, as well as through video files. In this regard, the research presents a detailed survey of the existing machine learning methods in depression detection, along with the different datasets available. The research explores automated depression detection strategies and the various ways to detect depression from text, audio, and video, and even examines the various systems and procedures for detecting depression using various criteria. More than 140 related research articles were considered for this review, with 80 of them being processed for comparative analysis based on various key performance indicators. The classifications of various methods used to detect stress, anxiety, and depression are highlighted followed by open research challenges and issues while analyzing depression techniques.