bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical and numerical modelling of copper transport in yeast
Authors: Wilkins Aaron F , Ponce Maria Laura Sosa , Zaremberg Vanina , Wieser Michael , Karchewski Brandon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The transport and regulation of metals in eukaryotic cells is a complex process, dependent on protein transporters that respond to cell needs. The application of dynamic mathematical models can provide valuable insights into these transport mechanisms. Mathematical simulations of transport processes may not directly predict transport mechanisms but can guide experimental design or identify inconsistencies between observation and hypotheses. Copper is an essential metal in eukaryotic cells as a catalytic co-factor in metallochaperone proteins and is therefore tightly regulated in living systems, making it valuable for quantifying biological transport mechanisms. In order to test our modeling system, a culture of baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was grown, copper concentrations were obtained from the cells and growth media, and a mathematical model was developed to investigate transport mechanisms between the growth media and the cells. A model based on conservation of mass was presented as a system of equations upon which to develop. This system of equations was developed to include an active transport term that describes a homeostatic concentration that cells actively maintain through negative feedback, and with a delayed activation, the model was more accurate at predicting the experimental data. The hypothesis and dynamic model derived in this work provide a novel framework that may be applied to additional metals or used to describe other transport mechanisms in biological systems.
Empire on the Edge
Authors: Dolbee Samuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on the environment and politics in the Ottoman Empire between 1864 and 1890. Specifically, it traces attempts in the region of the Jazira to match provincial borders with both the desert and the motion of people within it. These efforts culminated in the 1871 formation of the special administrative district of Zor (also known as Deir ez-Zor) and a revolt against the administrative arrangement by the Arabic-speaking nomadic group known as the Shammar. The article explains how the Shammar subsequently became attached to different provincial administrations. But the interplay among borders, desert, and motion also continued to incubate ambiguity about what places should be considered part of one province or another. The history of an empire on the edge thus offers a sense of how people thought about and used the environment and borders alike, topics often overshadowed by the post-Ottoman colonial borders imposed on the region. Moreover, it speaks to environmental histories of borderlands, which often foreground absurd borders transecting coherent environments. The article reveals, instead, how even an effort to draw borders around an allegedly coherent environment proved challenging. Finally, the article offers insight into the legacies of “natural” and “artificial” borders in the present.
Buddhist Rules About Rules: Procedure and Process in the (Theravāda) Buddhist Legal System
Authors: Schonthal Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This Article examines rules of procedure and process that structure the Buddhist legal system in the Theravāda tradition, the dominant tradition of Buddhism in South and Southeast Asia. Drawing on important Buddhist texts written in Pāli as well as evidence from monastic legal practices in contemporary Sri Lanka, it argues that one can find within the Theravāda tradition a robust body of what H.L.A. Hart would call “secondary rules,” which determine how monks ought to apply prohibitions, manage disputes, and administer sanctions. These include detailed guidelines for making accusations, classifying legal cases, conducting hearings, settling disputes, examining litigants, evaluating evidence and witness testimony, appealing cases, prescribing penalties, and rehabilitating offenders. While these rules share similarities with other systems of state and religious law, Buddhist “rules about rules” not only ensure that disputes are settled properly but that the process of legal action itself both reflects and engenders favorable moral dispositions among monks. Underscoring both the similarities and differences between Buddhist law and other legal systems, this Article invites non-specialists to look (again) at the importance of Buddhist law—one of the oldest and most wide-spread systems of nonstate law—for the broader field of comparative legal studies, from which it has been largely absent.
The role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in identifying and monitoring pulmonary veno-oclusive disease: a case report
Authors: Segura de la Cal Teresa , Pérez-Olivares Carmen , Cristo Ropero María José , Luna López Raquel , Escribano-Subías Pilar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a subgroup of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) where vascular remodelling affects mainly the post-capillary vessels. It is characterized by a particularly worse prognosis and by the risk of developing life-threatening pulmonary oedema, especially after PAH-targeted therapy. Therefore, suspicion of PVOD is crucial to guide the patient’s management. In the absence of specific genetic or histological findings, diagnosis has traditionally relied on the recognition of non-invasive indicators associated with a high likelihood of PVOD. The cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) arises as a promising additional tool both to identify these patients and to guide their management.

Case summary
We report the case of a young female patient with dyspnoea and clinical suspicion of PVOD. The diagnostic workup is thoroughly described stressing the valuable and readily accessible information that CPET can provide, in addition to the data of radiological and lung function tests. Once diagnosed, she was started on PAH-targeted therapy with subsequent improvement. The patient underwent a complete reassessment with satisfactory findings, including those of the CPET.

Discussion
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease diagnosis is still one of the most difficult tasks that pulmonary hypertension physicians have to deal with. An accurate and timely PVOD diagnosis can be challenging, as it is to decide the most appropriate timing of referal to the lung transplant team, and CPET may serve these purposes. Through this case, we would like to review one of the typical clinical courses that PVOD may present and how to analyse the information provided by the diagnostic tests.
Pathological nationalism? The legacy of crowd psychology in international theory
Authors: Lerner Adam B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the intellectual history of nationalism in International Relations theory, asking how early generations of scholars understood the phenomenon and its relationship to chauvinism and violence. Despite substantial disagreements and varied intellectual influences, I argue that both interwar liberals and postwar realists shared several problematic assumptions about nationalism's pathological character that limited their imagination of its varied potential impacts. I trace these common assumptions back to the bigoted interdisciplinary field of crowd psychology, most prominently evangelized by Gustave le Bon. Le Bon's 1895 The crowd became a touchstone for subsequent generations of social and political theorists and spread ideas about nationalism that infused incipient international theory. Even as his popularity faded, his uniquely pessimistic, racist and sexist ideas about mass politics lingered in mainstream IR's narrow engagement with the phenomenon. By excavating this history, this article exposes a problematic thread that has been woven into the IR discipline, as well as a potential path to excising this bigoted thinking and nuancing discussions of the rise of nationalism in the twenty-first century.
Application of Different UV Spectrophotometric Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Acotiamide and Esomeprazole
Authors: Abdelazim Ahmed H , Ramzy Sherif , Shahin Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcotiamide and esomeprazole are co-administrated and prescribed for gastrointestinal disorder diseases.ObjectiveDevelopment of the first UV spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative analysis of acotiamide and esomeprazole in their mixture.MethodsThe UV absorption spectra of acotiamide and esomeprazole showed severe overlapping. To solve the spectral overlapping and quantify the studied drugs in their mixture, simultaneous equation and ratio difference methods were developed. For simultaneous equation method, the absorbance and absorptivity values at 279 and 302 nm were used to construct two mathematical equations applied for the spectrophotometric assay of the cited drugs. Ratio difference spectra manipulated method was developed and enabled successful quantitative determination of acotiamide and esomeprazole. The differences in the amplitude values between 280 and 260 nm enabled estimation of acotiamide, and the differences in the amplitude values between 303 and 282 nm enabled estimation of esomeprazole.ResultsThe proposed methods succeeded to quantify acotiamide and esomeprazole in the synthetic mixtures and in their pharmaceutical tablets without any interference from each other or from tablet additives.ConclusionsThe applied methods demonstrated good linearity in the concentration range of 2–30 µg/mL and 2–20 µg/mL for acotiamide and esomeprazole, respectively, with acceptable accuracy and precision. The methods were found to be sensitive with LOD values of 0.336 µg/mL and 0.332 µg/mL for acotiamide and esomeprazole, respectively, in simultaneous equation method and of 0.410 µg/mL and 0.333 µg/mL for acotiamide and esomeprazole, respectively, in ratio difference method.HighlightsSimple and validated UV spectrophotometric methods were described for selective quantification of the acotiamide and esomeprazole in their mixture.
The Fundamental Flaws of the CNBSS Trials: A Scientific Review
Authors: Seely Jean M , Eby Peter R , Yaffe Martin J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Although the two Canadian National Breast Screening Study (CNBSS) trials were performed 40 years ago, their negative findings continue to heavily influence screening policies around the world. These policies, based on underestimates of the mortality reduction attributable to mammography particularly for women in the 40–49-year age range, contribute to increased mortality and morbidity from breast cancer. This review summarizes principles of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and evaluates the compliance of the CNBSS1 and CNBSS2 RCTs in the context of these principles. We describe the fundamental flaws of the CNBSS trials, which failed to demonstrate mortality benefit of screening mammography and contribute to their being the only two outlier studies of eight screening mammography RCTs. The most significant flaws of the trials are (1) inadequate power to detect significant differences in breast cancer mortality; (2) very poor quality mammography with low sensitivity and cancer detection rates; (3) inclusion of women with symptoms of breast cancer; and (4) study design that allowed for violation of the randomization of the allocation process. Finally, we demonstrate that the conditions of the screening intervention in the CNBSS do not reflect the environment of modern population-based screening mammography programs.
Errors in Conduct of the CNBSS Trials of Breast Cancer Screening Observed by Research Personnel
Authors: Seely Jean M , Eby Peter R , Gordon Paula B , Appavoo Shushiela , Yaffe Martin J 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate why the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (CNBSS) did not show mortality reduction with mammography. This study explored long-standing concerns related to the validity of the randomization process, methods of recruiting women to participate in the trials, and training of the staff working in the CNBSS.MethodsSurviving former CNBSS personnel, whose roles involved direct recruitment, enrollment, randomization, clinical examination, image interpretation, and management of patients in the CNBSS were interviewed. Individuals were contacted and consented to provide firsthand accounts of daily operations and adherence to research protocols via standardized questions. Consistency of observational data with quantitative results from the CNBSS trials was evaluated.ResultsEleven of 28 (39.3%) staff confirmed that women with preexisting symptoms of breast cancer were systematically recruited at some centers; 57.1% (16/28) confirmed that personnel performing screening in CNBSS had very limited training and experience; 39.3% (11/28) verified that imaging equipment was often substandard; 50% (14/28) indicated that mammography image quality was generally poor; and 28.6% (8/28) corroborated that in some cases surgeons were unwilling to perform biopsies or surgeries for women with suspicious abnormalities found only on screening mammography that lacked a palpable correlate.ConclusionThese firsthand accounts provide new information confirming that the CNBSS did not consistently and rigorously assess the true efficacy of screening mammography. The staff accounts clarify reasons why the CNBSS results were outliers compared with the six other randomized trials of screening mammography and should not be used as credible scientific evidence to inform health policy.
Comparative efficacy analysis of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block and lumbar plexus block in hip arthroscopy: a pilot prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yuan Liangjing , Xu Chengshi , Zhang Ye , Wang Geng 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Controlled trials assessing quadratus lumborum block (QLB) for post-operative analgesia in hip surgery are scarce. This study aimed to compare ultrasound-guided QLB and lumbar plexus block (LPB) for clinical efficacy in hip arthroscopy. Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital in January–June 2019 were randomized to the lumbar plexus (L) and quadratus lumborum (Q) groups (n = 25/group). After either ultrasound-guided block for 30 min, both groups were prepared for surgery after muscle strength measurement in the affected limbs. Opioid doses for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), visual analog scale (VAS) scores in the resting and active states, upon leaving the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), and at 2–48 h post-surgery were recorded, and post-operative complications were also recorded. Muscle strength in the affected limbs was significantly higher in the Q group compared with the L group (4.0 versus 2.0, P &lt; 0.001). VAS scores were similar in both groups post-surgery (P &gt; 0.05). One patient had epidural spread in the L group, with no other complications. Compared with ultrasound-guided LPB, ultrasound-guided QLB provides similar and good post-operative analgesia after hip arthroscopy, with less impact on muscle strength and fewer complications. These results should be confirmed in larger trials.
Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma presenting as lower back pain
Authors: Kordeni Kleoniki , Chardalias Leonidas , Pantiora Eirini , Massaras Dimitris , Papadopoulos Konstantinos , Primetis Elias , Kontis Elissaios , Fragulidis Georgios 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma (RGN) is a rare benign tumor that arises from the retroperitoneal sympathetic ganglia composed of mature Schwann cells, ganglion cells and nerve fibers. These tumors can occur anywhere along the paravertebral sympathetic plexus and occasionally from adrenal medulla. Although they grow in excessive size, they may cause compression to adjacent organ or structures thus giving rise to symptoms. Resecting RGN’s is a challenging endeavor, as they tend to encase neighboring vessels to their site of origin. The reported case is a 43-year-old male who presented with lumbar pain that increased progressively in intensity over the last 6 months. Preoperative investigations revealed a large tumor with encasement of the origins of the superior mesenteric artery and bilateral renal arteries. The tumor was completely resected and the final pathology confirmed the diagnosis of RGN.
A case of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome with isolated lesions of the thoracic spine
Authors: Hattori Kyosuke , Takahashi Nobunori , Suzuki Mochihito , Kojima Toshihisa , Imagama Shiro 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We report a case of isolated lesions of the thoracic spine attributed to synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. A 55-year-old woman who suffered from 6 months of back pain had vertebral osteomyelitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There were no laboratory findings suggestive of infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease. Radiography, computed tomography (CT), and MRI of the thoracic spine showed mixed lesions of sclerosis and erosion, whereas bone scintigraphy did not show accumulation at any site except the thoracic spine. No lesions in the anterior chest wall or sacroiliac joints were apparent from CT and MRI. No lesions other than at the thoracic spine were observed. As the isolated lesions of the thoracic spine were considered not to have resulted from infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease, the patient was referred to our department for differential diagnosis. Given that isolated sterile hyperostosis/osteitis among adults is included in the modified diagnostic criteria for SAPHO syndrome, we suspected that the mixed lesions of sclerosis and erosion of the thoracic spine in this case may reflect SAPHO syndrome with chronic non-bacterial osteitis (CNO) of the thoracic spine. Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was initiated and led to alleviation of her back pain, although the thoracic spine lesions remained on the 6-month MRI. Based on the CNO of the thoracic spine and the rapid response to NSAIDs, the final diagnosis was SAPHO syndrome with isolated lesions of the thoracic spine.
Correlates of 90-Day Mortality Among People Who Do and Do Not Inject Drugs With Infective Endocarditis in Seattle, Washington
Authors: Corcorran Maria A , Stewart Jenell , Lan Kristine , Gupta Ayushi , Glick Sara N , Seshadri Chetan , Koomalsingh Kevin J , Gibbons Edward F , Harrington Robert D , Dhanireddy Shireesha , Kim H Nina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Infective endocarditis (IE) remains highly morbid, but few studies have evaluated factors associated with IE mortality. We examined correlates of 90-day mortality among people who inject drugs (PWID) and people who do not inject drugs (non-PWID).

Methods
We queried the electronic medical record for cases of IE among adults ≥18 years of age at 2 academic medical centers in Seattle, Washington, from 1 January 2014 to 31 July 2019. Cases were reviewed to confirm a diagnosis of IE and drug use status. Deaths were confirmed through the Washington State death index. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize IE in PWID and non-PWID. Kaplan-Meier log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess correlates of 90-day mortality.

Results
We identified 507 patients with IE, 213 (42%) of whom were PWID. Sixteen percent of patients died within 90 days of admission, including 14% of PWID and 17% of non-PWID (P = .50). In a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model, injection drug use was associated with a higher mortality within the first 14 days of admission (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.33 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.16–4.65], P = .02); however, there was no association between injection drug use and mortality between 15 and 90 days of admission (aHR, 0.63 [95% CI, .31–1.30], P = .21).

Conclusions
Overall 90-day mortality did not differ between PWID and non-PWID with IE, although PWID experienced a higher risk of death within 14 days of admission. These findings suggest that early IE diagnosis and treatment among PWID is critical to improving outcomes.
Changes in Gait Characteristics During and Immediately After the 6-Minute Walk Test in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abasıyanık Zuhal , Kahraman Turhan , Veldkamp Renee , Ertekin Özge , Kalron Alon , Feys Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
There is limited information about gait patterns during prolonged walking in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The aim of this review was to report on gait metrics during and immediately after the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in PwMS with different levels of disability.

Methods
The systematic search was performed in 3 databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS) using keywords related to multiple sclerosis and 6MWT. Studies that reported on quantitative gait outcomes before and after the 6MWT or multiple time points during the 6MWT were included. The Hedges g effect size (ES) was calculated to determine the magnitude of change in each gait parameter.

Results
Fourteen studies (n = 534 PwMS; n = 166 healthy controls) were eligible. Five studies investigated gait parameters prior to and immediately after the 6MWT. Nine studies collected gait measures during the 6MWT. Speed (ES = −0.43 to 0.19), cadence (ES = −0.46 to 0.16), step length (ES = −0.46 to 0.14), stability (ES = −0.35 to 0.33), and regularity (ES = −0.25 to −0.15) decreased in most studies. In the majority of included studies, step time (ES = 0 to 0.35), stance period (ES = 0.12 to 0.58), double support phase (ES = 0.03 to 0.62), variability (ES = −0.19 to 1.13), and asymmetry (ES = −0.79 to 0.62) increased following the 6MWT. The kinetic and kinematic (mainly in dorsiflexion angle [ES = −0.08 to −0.36]) features of gait were also negatively changed after 6 minutes of walking. Walking speed, cadence, step length, stride length, and stride time after 6MWT at a comfortable speed all increased. Changes in the majority of spatiotemporal parameters were more pronounced in PwMS with moderate-to-severe disability compared with PwMS with mild disability.

Conclusion
Most quantitative gait parameters deteriorated during the 6MWT, especially in PwMS with moderate-to-severe disability.

Impact
The deterioration of gait patterns should be considered when designing therapeutic interventions to increase sustained walking capacity.
Scrutinizing Relative Territorial Identity Measures
Authors: Griffiths James David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Territorial politics research often emphasizes the importance of relative state/substate identities. Conventionally, researchers capture relative national identity through the Linz-Moreno question, but previous research demonstrates the limitations of this measure. Many researchers now use Relative Territorial Identity (RTI) as an alternative. However, the potential limitations of this approach are yet to be explored. I provide that examination here. After reiterating the limits of the Linz-Moreno question, I use data for England, Scotland, and Wales to highlight that RTI has similar issues to the Linz-Moreno (linearity, intensity, dual identity). Following this, I use data from Flanders and Wallonia to demonstrate the limits of conflating attachment and identity when using RTI, as respondents treat the concepts differently. Overall, these results highlight the limits of existing measures of relative identity, which have important implications for how researchers examine substate territories.