bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic development levels and ease of doing business: is there a relationship?
Authors: Nave Edgar , Rodrigues Ricardo Gouveia 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Entrepreneurship is a phenomenon strongly associated with economic growth, development and employability, leading countries to compete and often produce reforms to ensure good levels of entrepreneurship. In this sequence, this study aims to know which types of economies present favourable institutional environments for entrepreneurs, exploring the link between the ease of doing business and the three levels of economic development (innovation-driven, efficiency-driven and factor-driven) of 137 economies.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative methodology through an analysis of variances was adopted, gathering data from the ten pillars proposed by the World Bank in the Doing Business 2019 – training for reforms report, and economic development levels, provided by Global Competitiveness Report (2017–2018).

Findings
In the light of institutional theory, the results showed that innovation-driven economies are more competitive, presenting more robust institutional environments for entrepreneurs than factor-driven and efficiency-driven. There is only one exception in the Getting Credit pillar.

Originality/value
This study clarifies some assumptions in the previous literature that developed economies have better business environments, being the first one to establish this relationship directly. Some practical implications, especially for international entrepreneurs in the decision-making phase on which type of economies to carry out their investments and policymakers and researchers, were provided in this study.
How to manifest abundance: money and the rematerialization of exchange in Sedona, Arizona, USA
Authors: Crockford Susannah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractManifestation is a spiritual practice with material gains. It is a way for those involved with spirituality in Sedona, Arizona, to make money as required while maintaining a level of consonance between their economic life and spiritual path. Analysing the entwinement of economics and religion in everyday life, this article contributes to literature on spiritual economies and, more broadly, to the anthropology of money. Manifestation is a way of figuratively rematerializing exchange, mirrored in preferences for trade and barter and currency backed by gold. Dematerialized money – the stocks, bonds, and derivatives of high finance – is rejected as enacting a low vibration; it is negatively valenced in cosmologies of spirituality. Preferences for money forms reveal responses and reactions to neoliberal capitalism in an embedded, industrialized economy.
Effects of direct‐acting antiviral agents on lipid and glucose profile in HCV patients with type 2 diabetes: A real‐life Italian experience
Authors: Dalbeni Andrea , Villani Rosanna , Bevilacqua Michele , Sacco Federica , Faccincani Diego , Cattazzo Filippo , Cavallone Francesco , Mantovani Anna , Ceruti Vittoria , Ieluzzi Donatella , Paon Veronica , Mantovani Alessandro , Serviddio Gaetano , Sacerdoti David 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. The impact of HCV eradication on the metabolic profile in diabetic patients treated with direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) is not well defined. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of DAAs on a lipid and glucose profile in a cohort of diabetic patients with different liver fibrotic stages.MethodsT2DM patients with active HCV infection were consecutively enrolled in this prospective trial. Glycolipidic status was assessed, before starting DAA treatment (T0) and at 12 months after the beginning of treatment (T1). Liver fibrotic stage was assessed by FibroScan.ResultsIn all, 131 patients were enrolled and all of them achieved a sustained virologic response. At baseline, no significant differences were found in lipid and glucose profiles in subgroup analysis by liver fibrosis, HCV genotype, and cardiovascular risk factors. At T1, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not triglycerides, significantly increased irrespective of liver fibrotic stage and baseline anthropometric and clinical profiles, while glycated hemoglobin significantly decreased only in F4 patients.ConclusionsHCV eradication in diabetic patients is associated with a worsening lipid profile that could impact future cardiovascular risk. A careful global monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors in all diabetic patients after HCV eradication is needed.
Clinical evidence for synergy between immunotherapy and radiotherapy (SITAR)
Authors: Gill Suki , Nowak Anna K , Bowyer Samantha , Endersby Raelene , Ebert Martin A , Cook Alistair 
Published: June 2022

SummaryPrevious preclinical and clinical trials have shown promising antitumour activity and toxicity profile when employing the ‘Synergy between Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy’ (SITAR) strategy. Approximately, one in seven radiation therapy studies currently recruiting is investigating SITAR. This article reviews the range of cancers known to respond to immunotherapy and publications analysing SITAR. It sets the background for work that needs to be done in future clinical trials. It also reviews the potential toxicities of immunotherapy and discusses areas where caution is required when combining treatments.
The plant host environment influences competitive interactions between bacterial pathogens
Authors: Ehau‐Taumaunu Hanareia , Hockett Kevin L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBacteria compete for resources in diverse environments using an array of antagonistic strategies, including the production of narrow‐spectrum protein antibacterials termed bacteriocins. Although significant research has focused on bacteriocin‐mediated dynamics in culture environments, little research has explored bacteriocin‐mediated dynamics within a host context, particularly in plant environments. Here, we show that a bacterial plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Psy), expresses a bacteriocin both in culture and in leaf apoplast when co‐inoculated with a bacteriocin‐sensitive competitor, P. syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph). Although there is an observable negative effect of the bacteriocin on the Pph population at most time points both in culture and in the leaf apoplast, a bacteriocin‐mediated benefit to Psy was only observed when the producing strain was co‐infiltrated at a low population frequency (1:9) into the leaf apoplast. At 6 days post‐infiltration, Psy achieved an eightfold population increase compared to a bacteriocin‐deficient mutant in the apoplast. No bacteriocin‐mediated benefit for Psy was observed under the culture conditions tested. Additionally, we found that the bacteriocin‐mediated benefit for Psy was dependent on the Type III Secretion System. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the fitness benefit of bacteriocin‐mediated antagonism is influenced by interactions within the host plant.
Ensuring Market Supply Transparency for Personal Protective Equipment: Preparing for Future Pandemics
Authors: Garcia‐Santaolalla Nadia , de Klerk Kyle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed the opacity of the global personal protective equipment (PPE) supply chain. Dependence on international markets for medical PPE provision has left states vulnerable to price volatility and supply shortages. As the severity of the pandemic fluctuates amidst an ever‐present risk of regional and global public health crises, medical PPE market volatility – exacerbated by the lack of accurate, up‐to‐date, transparent information of PPE international supply conditions – will continue to undermine effective policy responses and the resilience of healthcare systems around the world. This article proposes a WTO/WHO joint initiative to ensure PPE market supply transparency for future pandemic preparedness. It departs from an analysis of the global PPE market, the impact of COVID‐19 on PPE production and supply, and the systemic lack of basic PPE supply chain information at all levels. From this, it identifies the need for PPE market supply transparency and thus proposes creating a PPE market supply transparency system at the domestic and/or international level as a viable solution to enhance transparency and cooperation in preparation for the next pandemic.
The influence of breath concentration in the gas sample on the accuracy of methane to carbon dioxide ratio using the sniffer method in dairy cows
Authors: Oikawa Kohei , Kamiya Yuko , Terada Fuminori , Suzuki Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the sampled gas to avoid low concentration of breath while measuring the methane (CH4)/CO2 ratio using the sniffer method. This study also assessed the effect of selective elimination by applying the threshold of CO2 concentration to the CH4/CO2 ratio. The gas measurement in the automatic milking system was conducted with 26 multiparous Holstein cows using an electric fan to manipulate the CO2 concentration in the sampled gas. Four different thresholds of the background‐corrected CO2 concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1%) were applied to every 1‐s value of the individual gas measurement. Subsequently, three different upper limits of the proportion of eliminated values (none, 0.5, and 0.33) were applied to the individual records per milking. The results showed that the sampled gas must contain more than 0.1% of the corrected CO2 concentration to enable accurate calculation of the CH4/CO2 ratio. It is recommended that at least half of the values in the data be larger than the threshold of the corrected CO2 concentration for unbiased measurement of the CH4/CO2 ratio.
This is the way: Network perspective on targets for spatial ability development programmes
Authors: Likhanov Maxim , Maslennikova Ekaterina , Costantini Giulio , Budakova Anna , Esipenko Elena , Ismatullina Victoria , Kovas Yulia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpatial ability (SA) was shown to be important for success in different fields, including STEM. Recent research suggested that SA is a unitary construct, rather than a set of related skills. However, it is not clear how individual differences in different facets of SA emerge, and how they relate to variance in general cognitive ability.AimsThe aim of the present study was threefold: 1) to examine the structure of SA testing nine theoretical models; 2) to explore the relation between 16 different facets of SA with general cognitive ability; and 3) to identify central facet(s) within the network of SA – with most links and/or strongest links to other facets.SampleThe study participants were 958 university students from Russia.MethodsThe study used a comprehensive battery of 16 SA tests and a verbal ability measure.ResultsResults supported previous research, suggesting moderate overlap between all SA facets. Factor analysis suggested several potential structures, with similar fit indices for five different theoretically driven models, including split into small‐ and large scale; partially independent manipulation, visualization and navigation facets. Confirmatory factor analysis, mediation and network analyses showed spatial ability being largely independent from verbal ability. In addition, network analysis showed that navigation according to directions is in the centre of the network, potentially linking all SA facets.ConclusionThe results have potential implications for identifying the best targets for SA interventions. The next step in research is conducting experimental studies to evaluate effectiveness of interventions targeting navigation in comparison with other facets of SA.
The impact of “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation” policy on SMEs’ innovation: Using quasi‐natural experiments
Authors: Zhao Kai , Wu Wanshu , Ye Junmei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study presents an in‐depth investigation of the impact of “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (MEI) policy on small and medium‐sized enterprises’ (SMEs’) innovation using the propensity score matching–difference‐in‐difference method. The MEI policy's R&D subsidies are found to generate a positive effect on SMEs’ innovation. Although R&D subsidies have no significant impact on SMEs’ strategic innovation, they can promote substantial innovation and establish a solid microfoundation for China's high‐quality development. Compared with R&D subsidies, tax incentives in the MEI policy cannot encourage SMEs to innovate and may even have a negative impact on SMEs’ innovation.
Targeting the interaction of GABAB receptors with CaMKII with an interfering peptide restores receptor expression after cerebral ischemia and inhibits progressive neuronal death in mouse brain cells and slices
Authors: Balakrishnan Karthik , Hleihil Mohammad , Bhat Musadiq A. , Ganley Robert P. , Vaas Markus , Klohs Jan , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich , Benke Dietmar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCerebral ischemia is the leading cause for long‐term disability and mortality in adults due to massive neuronal death. Currently, there is no pharmacological treatment available to limit progressive neuronal death after stroke. A major mechanism causing ischemia‐induced neuronal death is the excessive release of glutamate and the associated overexcitation of neurons (excitotoxicity). Normally, GABAB receptors control neuronal excitability in the brain via prolonged inhibition. However, excitotoxic conditions rapidly downregulate GABAB receptors via a CaMKII‐mediated mechanism and thereby diminish adequate inhibition that could counteract neuronal overexcitation and neuronal death. To prevent the deleterious downregulation of GABAB receptors, we developed a cell‐penetrating synthetic peptide (R1‐Pep) that inhibits the interaction of GABAB receptors with CaMKII. Administration of this peptide to cultured cortical neurons exposed to excitotoxic conditions restored cell surface expression and function of GABAB receptors. R1‐Pep did not affect CaMKII expression or activity but prevented its T286 autophosphorylation that renders it autonomously and persistently active. Moreover, R1‐Pep counteracted the aberrant downregulation of G protein‐coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channels and the upregulation of N‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels, the main effectors of GABAB receptors. The restoration of GABAB receptors activated the Akt survival pathway and inhibited excitotoxic neuronal death with a wide time window in cultured neurons. Restoration of GABAB receptors and neuroprotective activity of R1‐Pep was verified by using brain slices prepared from mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Treatment with R1‐Pep restored normal GABAB receptor expression and GABA receptor‐mediated K+ channel currents. This reduced MCAO‐induced neuronal excitability and inhibited neuronal death. These results support the hypothesis that restoration of GABAB receptor expression under excitatory conditions provides neuroprotection and might be the basis for the development of a selective intervention to inhibit progressive neuronal death after ischemic stroke.
The above–belowground functional space of tropical dry forest communities responds to local hydric habitats
Authors: Díaz‐Castellanos Aleida , Meave Jorge A. , Vega‐Ramos Flor , Pineda‐García Fernando , Bonfil Consuelo , Paz Horacio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTropical dry forests are environmentally complex ecosystems with highly heterogeneous water availability, such that distinctive plant communities are found in contrasting habitats in close proximity to each other. This leads to the question of how resource heterogeneity has led to functional heterogeneity among communities. One hypothesis is that the main trade‐offs and the size of the functional space should diverge between communities that differ in their most limiting resource. To test this, we compared aboveground and belowground traits of saplings of 33 dominant species from the dry forest plant communities of two locations that differ in water and also in light availability. In the drier community, the major functional dimension described a trade‐off between drought tolerance and drought avoidance strategies. This dimension was also evident in the wetter community; however, traits related to the efficiency of resource capture were decoupled from the drought tolerance‐drought avoidance trade‐off. Trees from the wetter community tended to develop more efficient fine roots for resource capture. The functional space of the drier and more heterogenous forest was larger than the wetter forest, and plant strategies to deal with drought accounted for a much larger portion of trait variation. Overall, functional differentiation may occur between systems that are close in proximity but differ in the availability of resources such as water and light. These environmental differences cause plant communities to differ in functional properties both aboveground and belowground, likely promoting heterogeneous responses to anthropogenic and natural disturbances at the landscape scale.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Biogeographic history predicts bee community structure across floral resource gradients in south‐east Australia
Authors: Brown Julian , Cunningham Saul A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimPlant populations are declining in their native ranges around the globe through the expansion of agriculture, urbanization, and plant invasions. We test the hypothesis that animal species that have spent more of their evolutionary history in a region are more dependent on native plants, particularly those plants that have spent more of their evolutionary history in the region, and are therefore more negatively impacted by native plant decline.LocationYarra Valley landscapes, Australia.MethodsWe test the presence and pattern of phylogenetic signal in native bee community responses to local flower density of ancient Australian plant lineages and the amount of native vegetation in the surrounding landscape across farm and native vegetation sites. We also test phylogenetic signal in the frequency of bee visitation to flowers from ancient Australian plant lineages. We compare the patterns of phylogenetic signal to the current understanding of bee biogeographic histories to evaluate our hypothesis.ResultsThere was significant phylogenetic signal in responses to flower density of plants from ancient Australian lineages, and the frequency of visitation to these flowers, with most species from the ancient Australian bee clade being positively associated with these flowers. This is consistent with our hypothesis. Significant phylogenetic signal in response to native vegetation in the surrounding landscape was driven primarily by the more recently arrived bee linages, with ancient lineages able to persist on some farms where ancient Australian flowers were present (e.g. on roadsides).Main conclusionsBee species that have spent more of their evolutionary history in Australia are more dependent on ancient Australian plant lineages and so most negatively impacted by the decline of these plants. This may be a broader phenomenon because phylogenetic conservatism in host plant use, the main assumption underlying our hypothesis, is common among herbivorous arthropods (~500,000 species).
A lesson in Tableau dashboard design: Playing the beer game with a real‐time data connection
Authors: Meyer Brad C. , Bishop Debra S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article examines how students learn about data‐driven decision‐making by creating and using a dashboard to play an online version of the familiar Beer Game. The objective is to apply data visualization skills to a business system in a way that leads to effective decisions. The students not only build a dashboard in Tableau, they also use it as they make ordering decisions while playing a round of the Beer Game that has a seasonal ramp up/ramp down demand pattern. Our assessment indicates that the exercise provides an effective application of Tableau skills and raises awareness of important aspects of dashboard design. We continue to improve the exercise to emphasize that analytics solutions can only be developed with a solid understanding of the business system.
Gregarious caterpillars shorten their larval development time in response to simulated predation threat
Authors: Cisternas Mónica F. , Ríos Rodrigo S. , Gianoli Ernesto 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Group living in gregarious caterpillars may shorten the larval stage, which is thought to reduce predation exposure. In the gregarious caterpillar Battus polydamas archidamas (Papilionidae) we addressed the effects of simulated predation threat on the duration of the larval stage in solitary and gregarious caterpillars. We further evaluated the consequences of group rearing and predation stimuli for pupal mass.
We reared caterpillars singly and in groups of ten individuals. Caterpillars were subjected to simulated predation threats (prodding with a paintbrush) and control larvae were untouched. We determined larval stage duration and pupal mass. We also recorded in solitary and gregarious caterpillars the proportion of individuals reacting to predation threats with distinct behavioural responses.
Caterpillars in the group completed larval development earlier than solitary caterpillars. This pattern of accelerated development was already evident in the first instar. Simulated predation reduced the duration of both the entire larval stage and the first instar, but only for caterpillars in the group. Pupal mass was not affected by the predation treatment in either solitary or gregarious caterpillars. Solitary caterpillars showed thrashing and osmeterium display + thrashing more frequently than gregarious caterpillars, while individuals in the group reacted with osmeterium display to a greater extent.
Accelerated larval development in response to predation risk has been predicted by theoretical models, but–to our knowledge–this is the first report on gregarious caterpillars. This putative adaptive response did not entail a fitness cost in terms of pupal mass.
Biochemical changes in Quercus robur L. leaves after Erysiphe alphitoides infection
Authors: Skwarek‐Fadecka Monika , Patykowski Jacek , Nawrocka Justyna , Szymczak Kamil , Kaźmierczak Andrzej , Wielanek Marzena , Ruszkiewicz‐Michalska Małgorzata 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe alphitoides is a major foliage diseases of young oak forest plantations, the knowledge of defence responses of the tree to infection by this pathogen is limited. We investigated biochemical changes characteristic of the defence responses in oak leaves infected to different degrees. Foliage was screened for selected reactive oxygen and nitrogen species using biochemical and histochemical methods in July, August and September over three vegetation seasons. High‐performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometry analyses of phenolic compounds and volatile organic compounds, respectively, were performed. Changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, that is superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, were also analysed with biochemical and electrophoresis methods. Infection‐induced biochemical responses occurred in oak leaves in all months, mainly in August, including increased catalase and peroxidase activities and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and phenolic compounds of the flavonoid and derivatives of hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids classes. Volatile organic compounds, including lipoxygenase products, isoprenoids and methyl salicylate, were produced with high intensity in all the infected leaves. These results suggested that enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and phenolic compounds, and the involvement of antioxidant enzymes plus induced emissions of volatile organic compounds may be essential components of the defence response of pedunculate oak to infection by E. alphitoides.