bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking for the Economy‐Wide Effects of Stock Market Short‐Termism
Authors: Roe Mark J. 
Published: January 2022

To investigate the widespread claim that stock market “short‐termism” is a major drag on U.S. corporate investment and the broad economy, the author examines the evidence on long‐run trends in corporate capital investment, buybacks, and R&D. As critics of market‐driven corporate short‐termism have pointed out, U.S. corporate investment in capital equipment and other tangible assets has been falling steadily since the late 1970s and buybacks are rising. But if the story of economy‐wide decline due to short‐termism were valid, we would expect to see the following: (1) investment spending in the United States declining faster than in Europe and Japan, where large companies depend less on stock markets for capital and shareholder activists are less influential; (2) cash from all the large share buybacks bleeding out from the U.S. corporate sector; and (3) economy‐wide declines in corporate R&D spending.What the author reports, however, is that real U.S. corporate R&D spending, has been steadily rising since the 1970s and rising faster than the economy is growing. And even as corporate distributions of capital through dividends and buybacks have also been rising sharply for decades, corporate cash holdings (as a percentage of total assets), are at near record‐high levels. The explanation for such high cash holdings together with record‐high payouts—and perhaps the author's most striking finding—is that such distributions, which tend to be concentrated among larger, mature companies, are closely matched by new corporate borrowings and stock issuance—the latter often by smaller (non‐S&P 500) companies. What's more, while there's an outflow of cash from the S&P 500 from net buybacks and borrowing, there's a substantial cash inflow into the non‐S&P 500 from net stock issuances and borrowing.Finally, the fact that capital spending by European and Japanese companies—which face neither U.S.‐style quarterly‐oriented stock markets nor aggressive activist investors—has been falling more rapidly than in American companies suggests that U.S. capital markets are not a major reason for declining capital investment. And, while there's good reason for further R&D support, the author suggests in closing, reversing the U.S. government's sharply declining spending on R&D since the global financial crisis is the low‐hanging R&D fruit that should be bolstered first.
Improving patient‐centred care through a tailored intervention addressing nursing clinical handover communication in its organizational and cultural context
Authors: Chien Laura J. , Slade Diana , Dahm Maria R. , Brady Bernadette , Roberts Elizabeth , Goncharov Liza , Taylor Joanne , Eggins Suzanne , Thornton Anna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo increase the quality and safety of patient care, many hospitals have mandated that nursing clinical handover occur at the patient's bedside. This study aims to improve the patient‐centredness of nursing handover by addressing the communication challenges of bedside handover and the organizational and cultural practices that shape handover.DesignQualitative linguistic ethnographic design combining discourse analysis of actual handover interactions and interviews and focus groups before and after a tailored intervention.MethodsPre‐intervention we conducted interviews with nursing, medical and allied health staff (n = 14) and focus groups with nurses and students (n = 13) in one hospital's Rehabilitation ward. We recorded handovers (n = 16) and multidisciplinary team huddles (n = 3). An intervention of communication training and recommendations for organizational and cultural change was delivered to staff and championed by ward management. After the intervention we interviewed nurses and recorded and analyzed handovers. Data were collected from February to August 2020. Ward management collected hospital‐acquired complication data.ResultsNotable changes post‐intervention included a shift to involve patients in bedside handovers, improved ward‐level communication and culture, and an associated decrease in reported hospital‐acquired complications.ConclusionsEffective change in handover practices is achieved through communication training combined with redesign of local practices inhibiting patient‐centred handovers. Strong leadership to champion change, ongoing mentoring and reinforcement of new practices, and collaboration with nurses throughout the change process were critical to success.ImpactIneffective communication during handover jeopardizes patient safety and limits patient involvement. Our targeted, locally designed communication intervention significantly improved handover practices and patient involvement through the use of informational and interactional protocols, and redesigned handover tools and meetings. Our approach promoted a ward culture that prioritizes patient‐centred care and patient safety. This innovative intervention resulted in an associated decrease in hospital‐acquired complications. The intervention has been rolled out to a further five wards across two hospitals.
Health‐risk behaviours among Indigenous Australians with diabetes: A study in the integrated Diabetes Education and Eye Screening (iDEES) project
Authors: Atkinson‐Briggs Sharon , Jenkins Alicia , Ryan Christopher , Brazionis Laima ,   the Centre for Research Excellence in Diabetic Retinopathy Study Group
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the prevalence of modifiable health‐risk behaviours among Indigenous Australian adults with diabetes attending a regional Victorian Indigenous primary‐care clinic.DesignA cross‐sectional observational single‐site study.MethodsAs part of a multi‐study project we administered the Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol consumption, Physical activity and Emotional wellbeing (SNAPE) survey tool during the study baseline visit to methodically capture health‐related behavioural data in the nurse‐led integrated Diabetes Education and Eye Screening (iDEES) project in a regional Indigenous primary healthcare setting between January 2018 and March 2020. This descriptive SNAPE study helps address the lack of health behaviour data for Indigenous people with diabetes.ResultsOf 172 eligible adults, 135 (79%) were recruited to the iDEES study, 50 (37%) male. All participated in at least one survey. Median (range) age was 56 (46–67) years; 130 (96%) had Type 2 diabetes of median [IQR] duration 6 (2–12) years. All 135 provided smoking data; 88 (65%) completed all surveys. Forty‐nine (36%) and 29 (22%) were current or former smokers, respectively; 5 (6%) met vegetable intake guidelines, 22 (25%) met fruit intake guidelines; 38 [43%] drank alcohol in the past year. On average, participants walked for ≥10 min at a time 4 days/week and sat for an average of 8 h on weekdays; 35 (40%) had minimal‐mild, and 30 (34%) had moderate‐severe depressive symptoms.ConclusionSuboptimal modifiable health‐risk behaviours and depressive symptoms are common in Indigenous Australian adults with diabetes.ImpactOrderly assessment and reporting of health‐risk behaviours using a single multi‐component survey instrument (SNAPE tool) during a nurse‐led diabetes education clinical visit is feasible and efficient. Such data may facilitate personalised interventions and improve diabetes management at both individual and health service levels.
The Aesthetic Contour Graft ‐ Enhancing peri‐implant soft tissue contours and pontic sites with guided bone regeneration
Authors: Le Bach , Hayashi Naoki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn this article, we will discuss strategies for enhancing peri‐implant soft tissue contours and pontic sites with hard tissue augmentation.Clinical considerationOne of the keys to the esthetic illusion of an implant‐supported restoration is to create an ideal emergence profile. A critical part of any emergence profile is based on the height and thickness of the tissue surrounding the restoration and whether there are any defects in this tissue. Even when there is adequate bone in which to place implants, if any irregular ridge anatomy that supports this tissue is not corrected, then an unesthetic appearance of the restoration can result due to the lack of soft tissue with which to develop a proper emergence profile.ConclusionMost peri‐implant soft tissue deficiencies represent an underlying bony defect that can be corrected or enhanced through bone augmentation.Clinical significanceTraditional methods of enhancing soft tissue emergence profiles around implants and pontic sites mostly involve the use of soft tissue augmentation techniques. Although there are few reports of the use of bone augmentation for this purpose, soft tissue contours can be enhanced by augmenting the underlying bone contours and, in many instances, may obviate the need for subsequent soft tissue augmentation.
The Embodiment Controversy: On the Policy Implications of Vintage Capital Models
Authors: SAMANIEGO ROBERTO M. , SUN JULIANA YU 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe explore the long‐run impact of policy on the level of economic activity through changes in the vintage distribution of capital, in a model where different vintages coexist in production. Because firms can choose the vintage of capital in which they invest, investment subsidies do not affect the vintage structure of capital. In contrast, vintage‐specific taxes or subsidies that target the newest vintages of capital can significantly affect output and welfare in the long run, mainly downward. Transition dynamics are rapid, so that steady‐state comparisons give an accurate picture of the welfare impact of vintage tax wedges.
DrosophilaZIP13 over‐expression or transferrin1RNAi influences the muscle degeneration of Pink1RNAi by elevating iron levels in mitochondria
Authors: Xue Jinsong , Li Guangying , Ji Xiaowen , Liu Zhi‐ Hua , Wang Hui‐ Li , Xiao Guiran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDisruption of iron homeostasis in the brain of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has been reported for many years, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate iron metabolism genes related to PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (Pink1) and parkin (E3 ubiquitin ligase), two PD‐associated proteins that function to coordinate mitochondrial turnover via induction of selective mitophagy, we conducted a genetic screen in Drosophila and found that altered expression of genes involved in iron metabolism, such as Drosophila ZIP13 (dZIP13) or transferrin1 (Tsf1), significantly influences the disease progression related to Pink1 but not parkin. Several phenotypes of Pink1 mutant and Pink1 RNAi but not parkin mutant were significantly rescued by over‐expression (OE) of dZIP13 (dZIP13 OE) or silencing of Tsf1 (Tsf1 RNAi) in the flight muscles. The rescue effects of dZIP13 OE or Tsf1 RNAi were not exerted through mitochondrial disruption or mitophagy; instead, the iron levels in mitochondira were significantly increased, resulting in enhanced activities of enzymes participating in respiration and increased ATP synthesis. Consistently, the rescue effects of dZIP13 OE or Tsf1 RNAi on Pink1 RNAi can be inhibited by decreasing the iron levels in mitochondria through mitoferrin (dmfrn) RNAi. This study suggests that dZIP13, Tsf1, and dmfrn might act independently of parkin in a parallel pathway downstream of Pink1 by modulating respiration and indicates that manipulation of iron levels in mitochondria may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for PD associated with Pink1.
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The selection of hyaluronic acid when treating with the nasolabial fold: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Peng Tong , Hong Wei‐Jin , Fang Jun‐Ren , Luo Sheng‐Kang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) gel is a widely used dermal filler for the correction of facial volume loss. The relationship between the characteristics of HA and clinical efficacy remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of monophasic and biphasic HA in the treatment of nasolabial folds (NLFs).MethodsStudies were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to May 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Outcomes included the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) score, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale score, and incidence of adverse events.ResultsA total of 1190 patients from 14 RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. The mean WSRS score improvement in the biphasic HA group was much lower than that in the monophasic HA group (MD = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.16–0.20, p < 0.00001). The subject satisfaction percentage was significantly higher for monophasic than biphasic HA (RR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.09–3.48, p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the adverse event rate between the monophasic and biphasic HA groups (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.75–1.24, p = 0.77).ConclusionsRegardless of whether improvement in NLFs or patient satisfaction is considered, monophasic HA is better than biphasic HA. Regarding the adverse event rate, there is no difference between monophasic and biphasic HA.
Elevated survivin levels in patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Aksoy Saraç Gülhan , Kader Saadet , Akdağ Turan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveAcne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease of the pilosebaceous unit. As the most common skin disease, it may affect approximately 85% of the young population. Survivin, a member of the inhibitors of the apoptosis (IAP) gene family, can inhibit apoptosis and regulate cell division and proliferation. In the study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of serum survivin in acne vulgaris.MethodsForty individuals who were diagnosed with acne vulgaris and forty healthy subjects as the control group were enrolled in the study. Venous blood samples were collected from each participant, and the serum levels of survivin were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25.ResultsThe serum survivin levels were statistically significant between the groups, and the levels of survivin were measured as acne vulgaris patients group 153.44 and control group 104.17 pg/ml, respectively (p < 0.018). When the serum survivin levels were compared according to gender, females had higher levels of survivin than the males (168.16 versus 50.45 pg/mL, p = 0.001). A significant correlation was found between acne severity (p = 0.017) and Scale for Acne Scar severity (SCAR‐S) score (p = 0.001) according to the survivin levels. In terms of age, no significant relationship was found between age and survivin (p = 0.4048).ConclusionElevated serum levels of survivin were determined in acne vulgaris. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between acne stage and SCAR‐S score according to survivin levels.
Occurrence of self‐perceived medical errors and its related influencing factors among emergency department nurses
Authors: Wang Jing , Mu Ketao , Gong Yanhong , Wu Jianxiong , Chen Zhenyuan , Jiang Nan , Zhang Guopeng , Lv Chuanzhu , Yin Xiaoxv 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine the prevalence and the associated factors of self‐perceived medical errors among Chinese emergency department nurses.BackgroundThe emergency department is a place with a high incidence of medical errors. Studies about the occurrence and related influencing factors of medical errors among emergency nurses in China are very insufficient.DesignA nationwide cross‐sectional study.MethodsA nationwide cross‐sectional study was conducted from July 2018–August 2018. A total of 17,582 emergency department nurses from 31 provinces across China were eventually included in the analysis. Logistic regression is applied to examine the association of the independent variables with the perceived medical errors. The reporting of this study was compliant with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsOf 17,582 participating nurses, 4445 (25.28%) reported self‐perceived medical errors in the past 3 months. Nurses who were serving as nurses‐in‐charge; who reported fair or bad physical health; who reported staff shortage; who were exposed to more verbal abuse at work; who experienced effort–reward imbalance; who reported more over‐commitment; or who had depressive symptoms were more likely to report medical errors. Older age and female gender were protective factors.ConclusionsIn this study, a quarter of the emergency nurses reported that they had made medical errors in the past 3 months. Self‐perceived medical errors are associated with multiple domains of work‐related factors and personal distress. Feasible measures should be taken to reduce nurses’ workload, improve their working environment, monitor and minimise the occurrence of medical errors among emergency department nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceEmergency nurses, who are the most frequently in contact with patients, play an important role in identifying risk factors and preventing medical errors. Identifying risk factors that may lead to medical errors in the medical environment from both internal and external aspects will help nursing practitioners, hospital administrators and policy makers to take timely preventive measures to reduce the occurrence of medical errors and reduce harm to patients.
Nurses’ contribution during pandemic conditions: A synthesis of qualitative literature
Authors: Ryan Tony , Talpur Ashfaque Ahmed , Robertson Steven 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo synthesise the evidence relating to the contribution nurses make during respiratory infectious disease pandemics.BackgroundPandemics are known for their abrupt and contagious nature, as well as their impact on individuals and society. Nurses are more likely to work closely with patients experiencing illness and disease during pandemics, and studies on the role of the profession have mainly focused on the challenges, barriers and shortfalls in nursing care provision. The nursing role in service delivery and their contribution in improving patient well‐being has received far less attention.MethodsIn May 2020, three review registers, grey literature and the following databases were searched: Medline via Ovid, Web of Science, CINAHL via EBSCO and Cochrane Library. The specific focus was on qualitative literature that considered the experiences and perceptions of nurses providing care during several respiratory pandemics. Selected papers were appraised using CASP checklist. ENTREQ checklist was used to inform stages associated with the synthesis of selected papers.ResultsFrom 5553 retrieved citations, the analysis of 24 eligible papers resulted in three key themes: the implications of working during pandemics on nurses’ personal and family life, nursing contribution in challenging conditions, and working above and beyond. Considering nurses’ role in healthcare system, research on their contribution found to have received little appreciation in peer‐reviewed journals.ConclusionsThis review pertains to nurses’ work in global context and highlights the huge contribution made by the profession in the context of respiratory pandemics. It confirms that nurses’ experiences outweighed economic, social and psychological implications of providing care during the pandemic crisis. Acknowledging nurses’ resilience and professional motivations, we also argue that the nurse contribution during pandemics can be enhanced when resources, support and training are provided. Further research on contexts and conditions which mitigate nurses the potential for sustained contribution is needed.
Why are you (un)conscientious? The dynamic interplay of goals, states, and traits in everyday life
Authors: Di Sarno Marco , Costantini Giulio , Richetin Juliette , Preti Emanuele , Perugini Marco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivePersonality involves both trait and state components, personal goals serving a crucial regulatory function for the expression of personality states. The present study investigates the dynamic interplay between conscientiousness‐related goals, conscientious personality states, and trait conscientiousness.MethodA sample of 244 community participants responded to a baseline survey (T1), a 5‐times‐a‐day Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) for 15 days, and a post‐EMA survey (T2).ResultsPre‐registered multilevel analyses indicated significant contemporaneous positive and negative associations between momentary conscientious and unconscientious goals and state conscientiousness, respectively. Cross‐lagged associations also emerged, with goals predicting future states of conscientiousness. A latent growth model was fitted on a subsample of participants (N = 159). Results indicated that change in trait conscientiousness from T1 to T2 was explained by growth in conscientiousness‐related goals during the EMA phase, with a mediating effect of growth in state conscientiousness.ConclusionsOverall, the results corroborate the importance of goals for modeling contemporaneous and cross‐lagged personality dynamics, both in short and longer timeframes.
Sleep and violence perpetration: A review of biological and environmental substrates
Authors: Paiva Teresa , Canas‐Simião Hugo 
Published: January 2022

SummaryViolence is a worldwide societal burden that negatively impacts individual health, wellbeing and economic development. Evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between sleep changes and violence. This review details, evaluates and discusses the biological and demographic substrates linking sleep and violence perpetration, and summarizes the overlap of brain areas, functional neuronal systems and genetic features involved, not including violent behaviours during sleep. Knowledge on the biological variables that affect the individual’s susceptibility to violent behaviour may have implications for criminology, management of detentions and rehabilitation strategies.
Patient knowledge of gut microbiota and acceptability of fecal microbiota transplantation in various diseases
Authors: Benech Nicolas , Legendre Pierre , Radoszycki Lise , Varriale Pasquale , Sokol Harry 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is now evaluated in various diseases. However, large‐scale population treatment may encounter feasibility issues in terms of acceptance. We aim to evaluate patient knowledge of gut microbiota and the acceptability of FMT in various diseases.MethodsPatients of Carenity's French online community were invited by email to participate in a questionnaire. The following parameters were assessed: patient's principal illness and duration, demographic data, therapeutics, dietary habits, knowledge of gut microbiota, probiotics and FMT, and its acceptability.Key ResultsIn total, 877 patients participated in the online questionnaire: 156 with inflammatory bowel disease (17.8%), 127 with rheumatoid arthritis (14.5%), 222 with ankylosing spondylitis (25.3%), 52 with lupus (5.9%), 64 with psoriasis (7.3%), 61 with obesity (7%), and 195 with type 2 diabetes (22.2%). Characteristics of participating patients were similar to those of the entire cohort (n = 23084). Overall, 47.1% (n = 413/877) of patients knew what the microbiota is with no difference among diseases. Knowledge was reported to be developed by patients themselves (203/413; 49.2%) without involving a healthcare professional. If proposed by a healthcare professional, 37.2% (326/877) reported being interested or very interested in undergoing FMT. Factors associated with good acceptability of FMT were the male sex (OR: 1.63, CI95% [1.14 to 2.32]), previous knowledge of FMT (OR: 4.16, CI95% [2.92 to 5.96]), and previous knowledge of gut microbiota (OR: 1.54, CI95% [1.05 to 2.24]).Conclusion and InferencesKnowledge of gut microbiota is still limited in patients’ communities and mainly developed by patients themselves, impacting FMT acceptability.