bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterologous vector versus homologous mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination in non-seroconverted immunosuppressed patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mrak Daniel , Sieghart Daniela , Simader Elisabeth , Tobudic Selma , Radner Helga , Mandl Peter , Göschl Lisa , Koblischke Maximilian , Hommer Nikolaus , Wagner Angelika , Mayer Margareta , Schubert Lorenz , Hartl Lukas , Kozbial Karin , Hofer Philipp , Kartnig Felix , Hummel Thomas , Kerschbaumer Andreas , Deimel Thomas , Puchner Antonia , Gudipati Venugopal , Thalhammer Renate , Munda Petra , Uyanik-Ünal Keziban , Zuckermann Andreas , Novacek Gottfried , Reiberger Thomas , Garner-Spitzer Erika , Reindl-Schwaighofer Roman , Kain Renate , Winkler Stefan , Smolen Josef S. , Stiasny Karin , Fischer Gottfried F. , Perkmann Thomas , Haslacher Helmuth , Zeitlinger Markus , Wiedermann Ursula , Aberle Judith H. , Aletaha Daniel , Heinz Leonhard X. , Bonelli Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImpaired response to COVID-19 vaccination is of particular concern in immunosuppressed patients. To determine the best vaccination strategy for this vulnerable group we performed a single center, 1:1 randomized blinded clinical trial. Patients who failed to seroconvert upon two mRNA vaccinations (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) are randomized to receive either a third dose of the same mRNA or the vector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Primary endpoint is the difference in SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody seroconversion rate between vector and mRNA vaccinated patients four weeks after the third dose. Secondary outcomes include cellular immune responses. Seroconversion rates at week four are significantly higher in the mRNA (homologous vaccination, 15/24, 63%) as compared to the vector vaccine group (heterologous vaccination, 4/22, 18%). SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses are reduced but could be increased after a third dose of either vector or mRNA vaccine. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, patient age and vaccine type are associated with seroconversion. No serious adverse event is attributed to COVID-19 booster vaccination. Efficacy and safety data underline the importance of a booster vaccination and support the use of a homologous mRNA booster vaccination in immunosuppressed patients.Trial registration: EudraCT No.: 2021-002693-10.
Depletable peroxidase-like activity of Fe3O4 nanozymes accompanied with separate migration of electrons and iron ions
Authors: Dong Haijiao , Du Wei , Dong Jian , Che Renchao , Kong Fei , Cheng Wenlong , Ma Ming , Gu Ning , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs pioneering Fe3O4nanozymes, their explicit peroxidase (POD)-like catalytic mechanism remains elusive. Although many studies have proposed surface Fe2+-induced Fenton-like reactions accounting for their POD-like activity, few have focused on the internal atomic changes and their contribution to the catalytic reaction. Here we report that Fe2+within Fe3O4can transfer electrons to the surface via the Fe2+-O-Fe3+chain, regenerating the surface Fe2+and enabling a sustained POD-like catalytic reaction. This process usually occurs with the outward migration of excess oxidized Fe3+from the lattice, which is a rate-limiting step. After prolonged catalysis, Fe3O4nanozymes suffer the phase transformation to γ-Fe2O3with depletable POD-like activity. This self-depleting characteristic of nanozymes with internal atoms involved in electron transfer and ion migration is well validated on lithium iron phosphate nanoparticles. We reveal a neglected issue concerning the necessity of considering both surface and internal atoms when designing, modulating, and applying nanozymes.
Last Interglacial decadal sea surface temperature variability in the eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Obreht Igor , De Vleeschouwer David , Wörmer Lars , Kucera Michal , Varma Devika , Prange Matthias , Laepple Thomas , Wendt Jenny , Nandini-Weiss Sri D. , Schulz Hartmut , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Last Interglacial (~129,000–116,000 years ago) is the most recent geologic period with a warmer-than-present climate. Proxy-based temperature reconstructions from this interval can help contextualize natural climate variability in our currently warming world, especially if they can define changes on decadal timescales. Here, we established a ~4.800-year-long record of sea surface temperature (SST) variability from the eastern Mediterranean Sea at 1–4-year resolution by applying mass spectrometry imaging of long-chain alkenones to a finely laminated organic-matter-rich sapropel deposited during the Last Interglacial. We observe the highest amplitude of decadal variability in the early stage of sapropel deposition, plausibly due to reduced vertical mixing of the highly stratified water column. With the subsequent reorganization of oceanographic conditions in the later stage of sapropel deposition, when SST forcing resembled the modern situation, we observe that the maximum amplitude of reconstructed decadal variability did not exceed the range of the recent period of warming climate. The more gradual, centennial SST trends reveal that the maximal centennial scale SST increase in our Last Interglacial record is below the projected temperature warming in the twenty-first century.
RNF43 mutations predict response to anti-BRAF/EGFR combinatory therapies in BRAFV600E metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Elez Elena , Ros Javier , Fernández Jose , Villacampa Guillermo , Moreno-Cárdenas Ana Belén , Arenillas Carlota , Bernatowicz Kinga , Comas Raquel , Li Shanshan , Kodack David Philip , Fasani Roberta , Garcia Ariadna , Gonzalo-Ruiz Javier , Piris-Gimenez Alejandro , Nuciforo Paolo , Kerr Grainne , Intini Rossana , Montagna Aldo , Germani Marco Maria , Randon Giovanni , Vivancos Ana , Smits Ron , Graus Diana , Perez-Lopez Raquel , Cremolini Chiara , Lonardi Sara , Pietrantonio Filippo , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Tabernero Josep , Toledo Rodrigo A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnti-BRAF/EGFR therapy was recently approved for the treatment of metastatic BRAFV600E colorectal cancer (mCRCBRAF-V600E). However, a large fraction of patients do not respond, underscoring the need to identify molecular determinants of treatment response. Using whole-exome sequencing in a discovery cohort of patients with mCRCBRAF-V600E treated with anti-BRAF/EGFR therapy, we found that inactivating mutations in RNF43, a negative regulator of WNT, predict improved response rates and survival outcomes in patients with microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors. Analysis of an independent validation cohort confirmed the relevance of RNF43 mutations to predicting clinical benefit (72.7% versus 30.8%; P = 0.03), as well as longer progression-free survival (hazard ratio (HR), 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12–0.75; P = 0.01) and overall survival (HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10–0.71; P = 0.008), in patients with MSS-RNF43mutated versus MSS-RNF43wild-type tumors. Microsatellite-instable tumors invariably carried a wild-type-like RNF43 genotype encoding p.G659fs and presented an intermediate response profile. We found no association of RNF43 mutations with patient outcomes in a control cohort of patients with MSS-mCRCBRAF-V600E tumors not exposed to anti-BRAF targeted therapies. Overall, our findings suggest a cross-talk between the MAPK and WNT pathways that may modulate the antitumor activity of anti-BRAF/EGFR therapy and uncover predictive biomarkers to optimize the clinical management of these patients.
Seasonal variation in bull semen quality demonstrates there are heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant bulls
Authors: Netherton Jacob K. , Robinson Benjamin R. , Ogle Rachel A. , Gunn Allan , Villaverde Ana Izabel S. Balbin , Colyvas Kim , Wise Ced , Russo Tylah , Dowdell Amiee , Baker Mark A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing semen data from 1271 ejaculates (79 different bulls, 11 different breeds) we have investigated the variability of semen quality in cattle living in sub-tropical conditions. Modelling shows definitive evidence of seasonal variation. Semen quality from the same bulls had a 90% “pass rate” for cryopreservation purposes in winter, dropping to less than 50% in summer. Notably, individual bulls could be classified as either “heat-tolerant” (produce good quality spermatozoa all year regardless of temperature) or “heat-sensitive” (only produce good quality sperm in summer). Nominal logistic regression demonstrated when temperatures reach 30.5 °C, 40% of heat-sensitive bulls fail a semen analysis 17 days later. At 34 °C, the proportion of bulls failing reached 63%. Ratifying this, the purposeful heating of bulls to 40 °C for 12 h showed that individual animals had different degrees of heat-sensitivity. Using historical temperature data, we then modelled how many days/decade bulls would be subject to heat-events. Beginning from 1939 to 1949, on average, the area in which bulls were kept recorded 19, 7 and 1 day over 38 °C, 39 °C and 40 °C respectively. This number steadily increases and of last decade (2010–2010), the numbers of days per decade over 38 °C, 39 °C and 40 °C jumped to a staggering 75, 39 and 15 respectively. These data show the urgent need to identify heat-tolerant bulls as future sires. Such variation likely explains why the veterinary bull breeding test often fails to accurately predict bull breeding potential.
Tropomyosin micelles are the major components contributing to the white colour of boiled shellfish soups
Authors: Akihiro Takashi , Yasui Ryo , Yasuhira Shinji , Matsumoto Ken-ichi , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Matsuo Yasuhiro , Shimizu Hidehisa , Matsuzaki Takashi , Matsumoto Shingo , Yoshikiyo Keisuke , Ishida Hideki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBasket clam soup, a popular Asian dish, is prepared by boiling clams in hot water. The soup is generally cloudy, and it is considered that increased cloudiness enhances taste. However, the composition of the whitening ingredients and their association with taste enhancement remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the components contributing to the white colour of the boiled soup. The white component upon precipitation with trichloroacetic acid reacted positively with ninhydrin, indicating the presence of proteins. The separation of proteins using sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an intense band of size 33 kDa. Peptide mass fingerprinting of the identified protein using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry revealed the protein as tropomyosin. To validate the involvement of tropomyosin in the turbidity of the soup, tropomyosin was expressed and extracted from Escherichia coli. As expected, the purified protein suspended in water resulted in turbid appearance. To determine whether lipids have any association with the observed cloudiness of the soup, the amounts of fatty acids were measured. The proportion of estimated fatty acids was very low compared to that of proteins. Overall, we identified the major component contributing to soup cloudiness as tropomyosin forming micelles.
Ultra-low-dose in brain 18F-FDG PET/MRI in clinical settings
Authors: Soret Marine , Maisonobe Jacques-Antoine , Desarnaud Serge , Bergeret Sébastien , Causse-Lemercier Valérie , Berenbaum Arnaud , Rozenblum Laura , Habert Marie-Odile , Kas Aurélie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe previously showed that the injected activity could be reduced to 1 MBq/kg without significantly degrading image quality for the exploration of neurocognitive disorders in 18F-FDG-PET/MRI. We now hypothesized that injected activity could be reduced ten-fold. We simulated a 18F-FDG-PET/MRI ultra-low-dose protocol (0.2 MBq/Kg, PETULD) and compared it to our reference protocol (2 MBq/Kg, PETSTD) in 50 patients with cognitive impairment. We tested the reproducibility between PETULD and PETSTD using SUVratios measurements. We also assessed the impact of PETULD for between-group comparisons and for visual analysis performed by three physicians. The intra-operator agreement between visual assessment of PETSTD and PETULD in patients with severe anomalies was substantial to almost perfect (kappa > 0.79). For patients with normal metabolism or moderate hypometabolism however, it was only moderate to substantial (kappa > 0.53). SUV ratios were strongly reproducible (SUVratio difference ± SD = 0.09 ± 0.08). Between-group comparisons yielded very similar results using either PETULD or PETSTD. 18F-FDG activity may be reduced to 0.2 MBq/Kg without compromising quantitative measurements. The visual interpretation was reproducible between ultra-low-dose and standard protocol for patients with severe hypometabolism, but less so for those with moderate hypometabolism. These results suggest that a low-dose protocol (1 MBq/Kg) should be preferred in the context of neurodegenerative disease diagnosis.
Implementation of an automated workflow for image-based seafloor classification with examples from manganese-nodule covered seabed areas in the Central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Mbani Benson , Schoening Timm , Gazis Iason-Zois , Koch Reinhard , Greinert Jens 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMapping and monitoring of seafloor habitats are key tasks for fully understanding ocean ecosystems and resilience, which contributes towards sustainable use of ocean resources. Habitat mapping relies on seafloor classification typically based on acoustic methods, and ground truthing through direct sampling and optical imaging. With the increasing capabilities to record high-resolution underwater images, manual approaches for analyzing these images to create seafloor classifications are no longer feasible. Automated workflows have been proposed as a solution, in which algorithms assign pre-defined seafloor categories to each image. However, in order to provide consistent and repeatable analysis, these automated workflows need to address e.g., underwater illumination artefacts, variances in resolution and class-imbalances, which could bias the classification. Here, we present a generic implementation of an Automated and Integrated Seafloor Classification Workflow (AI-SCW). The workflow aims to classify the seafloor into habitat categories based on automated analysis of optical underwater images with only minimal amount of human annotations. AI-SCW incorporates laser point detection for scale determination and color normalization. It further includes semi-automatic generation of the training data set for fitting the seafloor classifier. As a case study, we applied the workflow to an example seafloor image dataset from the Belgian and German contract areas for Manganese-nodule exploration in the Pacific Ocean. Based on this, we provide seafloor classifications along the camera deployment tracks, and discuss results in the context of seafloor multibeam bathymetry. Our results show that the seafloor in the Belgian area predominantly comprises densely distributed nodules, which are intermingled with qualitatively larger-sized nodules at local elevations and within depressions. On the other hand, the German area primarily comprises nodules that only partly cover the seabed, and these occur alongside turned-over sediment (artificial seafloor) that were caused by the settling plume following a dredging experiment conducted in the area.
Seasonal bacterial niche structures and chemolithoautotrophic ecotypes in a North Atlantic fjord
Authors: Raes Eric J. , Tolman Jennifer , Desai Dhwani , Ratten Jenni-Marie , Zorz Jackie , Robicheau Brent M. , Haider Diana , LaRoche Julie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuantifying the temporal change of bacterial communities is essential to understanding how both natural and anthropogenic pressures impact the functions of coastal marine ecosystems. Here we use weekly microbial DNA sampling across four years to show that bacterial phyla have distinct seasonal niches, with a richness peak in winter (i.e., an inverse relationship with daylength). Our results suggest that seasonal fluctuations, rather than the kinetic energy or resource hypotheses, dominated the pattern of bacterial diversity. These findings supplement those from global analyses which lack temporal replication and present few data from winter months in polar and temperate regions. Centered log-ratio transformed data provided new insights into the seasonal niche partitioning of conditionally rare phyla, such as Modulibacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Synergistota, Deinococcota, and Fermentibacterota. These patterns could not be identified using the standard practice of ASV generation followed by rarefaction. Our study provides evidence that five globally relevant ecotypes of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria from the SUP05 lineage comprise a significant functional group with varying seasonal dominance patterns in the Bedford Basin.
Study of wide bandgap SnOx thin films grown by a reactive magnetron sputtering via a two-step method
Authors: Zakaria Y. , Aïssa B. , Fix T. , Ahzi S. , Samara A. , Mansour S. , Slaoui A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the present work, we report on the microstructural and optoelectronic properties of SnOx thin films deposited by a reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering. After SnOx growth by sputtering under O2/Ar flow, we have used three different treatment methods, namely (1) as deposited films under O2/Ar, (2) vacuum annealed films ex-situ, and (3) air annealed films ex-situ. Effects of the O2/Ar ratios and the growth temperature were investigated for each treatment method. We have thoroughly investigated the structural, optical, electrical and morphology of the different films by several advanced techniques. The best compromise between electrical conductivity and optical transmission for the use of these SnOx films as an n-type TCO was the conditions O2/Ar = 1.5% during the growth process, at 250 °C, followed by a vacuum post thermal annealing performed at 5 × 10–4 Torr. Our results pointed out clear correlations between the growth conditions, the microstructural and optoelectronic properties, where highly electrically conductive films were found to be associated to larger grains size microstructure. Effects of O2/Ar flow and the thermal annealing process were also analysed and discussed thoroughly.
Formation of polymorphs and pores in small nanocrystalline iron oxide particles
Authors: Levish Alexander , Winterer Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA novel chemical vapor synthesis reactor design is used to control the pore-particle mesostructure and investigate the pore formation mechanism through the variation of residence time in oxygen. This enables the exploitation of the Kirkendall effect at the nanoscale to generate ultrasmall pores in small nanocrystalline iron oxide particles. Detailed structural characterization and quantitative data analysis of complementary high resolution transmission electron microscopy images, X-ray diffractograms, nitrogen sorption isotherms and X-ray absorption spectra provide a consistent comprehensive picture of the hollow nanoparticles from the local to the microstructure. The pore formation mechanism seems to play a key role for β-Fe2O3 polymorph formation.
Sex differences in 50 kHz call subtypes emitted during tickling-induced playful behaviour in rats
Authors: Tivey Emma K. L. , Martin Jessica E. , Brown Sarah M. , Bombail Vincent , Lawrence Alistair B. , Meddle Simone L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract‘Tickling’ induces positive affective states in laboratory rats as evidenced by the production of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs), although this has mostly been investigated in males. Juvenile rats emit distinctive 50-kHz USV subtypes. Frequency-modulated (FM) 50-kHz USVs are thought to be associated with positive affect and flat 50-kHz USVs with social communication. FM and flat USVs are produced by both sexes during tickling, but it is unclear whether these calls are produced in relation to particular play-related behaviours, and whether USV subtypes are used in a sexually dimorphic manner during tickling. We tested the hypotheses that FM USVs are associated with tickle-induced play behaviours in a sex-specific way, and that flat USVs are associated with non-play activities. Rats were allocated to one of two treatment groups: tickling (tickled, n = 16/sex) or no hand contact (control, n = 16/sex). Play behaviours (hopping, darting and hand approaches) and FM and flat USVs emitted during the testing session were quantified for each rat, with the frequency of FM and flat USVs made in anticipation of, and during, each behaviour analysed. In females, play behaviours were associated with more flat USVs than in males (before and during; p < 0.001), irrespective of treatment. FM USVs were paired with hopping and darting (before and during; p < 0.001), and in anticipation of hand approaches (p < 0.001) in both tickled females and males compared to controls (both sexes) suggesting that FM USVs are linked with play behaviour. The higher call rate of flat USVs paired with play behaviour in females suggests that there may be sex differences in the role of flat USVs during play. This result is evidence of sex differences in tickle-induced behaviours and has implications for our understanding of the function of different USVs in juvenile female and male rats.
Effect of short-term high fat diet on resistin levels and expression of autophagy-related genes in the cartilage of male rats
Authors: Aboudeya Hebatallah Mohammed , Shaker Sara A. , Salama Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObesity is a significant risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking obesity to OA remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of short-term high-fat diet (HFD) on the development of OA and the possible role of the adipokine resistin and autophagy-related genes in mediating this effect. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were equally divided into 2 groups: control and obese groups. Body mass index (BMI), levels of lipid profile, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR index were significantly higher in the obese group compared with control. Our results revealed significantly higher serum and cartilage resistin levels with a significant increase in the mRNA expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as well as protein levels of IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), ADAMTS 5 (aggrecanase-2) and caspase-3 in the cartilage of obese rats. The HFD induced a significant upregulation of autophagy related 5 (ATG5), beclin-1 and light chain 3 (LC3) mRNA expressions and a significant downregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression in cartilage. The protein levels of cartilage ATG5 were also significantly elevated in HFD-fed group. In conclusion, we suggested that increased levels of resistin and expression of autophagy-related genes may contribute in part, to OA development in HFD-fed rats. This provides a novel insight into the early molecular changes in the cartilage associated with obesity.