bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity and protection of a Pasteurella multocida strain with a truncated lipopolysaccharide outer core in ducks
Authors: Zhao Xinxin , Yang Fuxiang , Shen Hui , Liao Yi , Zhu Dekang , Wang Mingshu , Jia Renyong , Chen Shun , Liu Mafeng , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Zhang Shaqiu , Huang Juan , Ou Xumin , Mao Sai , Gao Qun , Sun Di , Tian Bin , Cheng Anchun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPasteurella multocida infection frequently causes fowl cholera outbreaks, leading to huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. This study developed a novel live attenuated P. multocida vaccine strain for ducks named PMZ2 with deletion of the gatA gene and first four bases of the hptE gene, both of which are required for the synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) outer core. PMZ2 produced a truncated LPS phenotype and was highly attenuated in ducks with a > 105-fold higher LD50 than the wild-type strain. PMZ2 colonized the blood and organs, including the spleen, liver and lung, at remarkably reduced levels, and its high dose of oral infection did not cause adverse effects on body temperatures and body weights in ducks. To evaluate the vaccine efficacy of the mutant, ducklings were inoculated orally or intranasally with PMZ2 or PBS twice and subsequently subjected to a lethal challenge. Compared with the PBS control, PMZ2 immunization stimulated significantly elevated serum IgG, bile IgA and tracheal IgA responses, especially after the boost immunization in both the oral and intranasal groups, and the induced serum had significant bactericidal effects against the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the two PMZ2 immunization groups exhibited alleviated tissue lesions and significantly decreased bacterial loads in the blood and organs compared with the PBS group post-challenge. All the ducks in the PMZ2 oral and intranasal groups survived the challenge, while 70% of ducks in the PBS group succumbed to the challenge. Thus, the P. multocida mutant with mutation of the gatA gene and part of the hptE gene proved to be an effective live attenuated vaccine candidate for prevention of fowl cholera in ducks.
The efficacy of single pharmacist medication review among type II diabetic patients who take six chronic medications or more: a case–control study
Authors: Harmatz Danielle , Vinker Shlomo , Wagner Talia , Raveh Tal , Merzon Eugene , Cohen Avivit Golan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPharmacist medication review has been implemented in many health organizations throughout the world in an attempt to alleviate the underlying risk of polypharmacy in elderly patients. These consultations are often frequent and prolonged, and are thus associated with increased costs. To date, data regarding the most effective way to utilize pharmacist consultations for the improvement of health status is scant.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of a single pharmacist consultation on changes in chronic medication regimes and on selected outcomes of diabetes 1-year after the consultation.MethodsA case–control study included an intervention group of 740 patients who had pharmacist consultations and a reference group of 1476 matched patients who did not have a pharmacist consultation. 1-year outcome measures were compared including changes in medications, improved safety, and objective variables such as Hba1c, blood pressure, and lipid profile.ResultsIn the pharmacist consultation group, there were significantly more treatment changes ([mean 1.5 vs. 0.7,p < 0.001 medications were stopped], and [mean 1.3 vs. 0.4,p < 0.05 medications were started]). Patient safety improved with a general reduction in opiates and benzodiazepines ([50.0% vs. 31.6%,p < 0.05 opioids were stopped] and [58.8% vs 43.8%,p < 0.001 benzodiazepines were stopped]). Sulfonylurea treatment reduced (10.7% vs. 3.6%,p < 0.05 patients who stopped Sulfonylurea) and Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1) increased (16.4% vs. 11.2%,p < 0.001 patients who started GLP-1). Additionally, HbA1c levels showed a small decrease in the pharmacist consultation group ([− 0.18 ± 1.11] vs. [− 0.051 ± 0.80],p = 0.0058) but no significant differences were found regarding blood pressure or lipids profile.ConclusionA single pharmacist consultation beneficially impacted specific clinical and patient safety outcomes. Pharmacist consultations may thus help resolve polypharmacy complexities in primary care.
Effectiveness of self-managed home and community exercise interventions in improving physical activity, body adiposity and related health indices in adults living with HIV: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Aminde Jeannine Anyingu , Harris Neil , Thng Caroline , Desbrow Ben 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives
Disorders of adipose tissue distribution in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been associated with significant metabolic derangements that increase their risk of cardiometabolic and other chronic diseases. Systematic reviews focusing on supervised laboratory-based exercise interventions demonstrate that these interventions improve adipose tissue distribution and related health outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, there is a need to examine the effectiveness of more pragmatic home or community exercise programmes. The aim of this review will be to synthesize existing evidence on the effectiveness of self-managed home or community exercise interventions to improve physical activity levels, adipose tissue distribution and associated health indices in PLWH.

Methods
This review will encompass interventional studies that evaluate the effect of prescribed exercise programmes performed in the home or community with minimal supervision, by adults living with HIV. The following will be searched from inception: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Clinicaltrials.gov. Screening of studies and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers. The risk of bias in included studies will be assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and the Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for non-randomized concurrently controlled and single-arm interventional studies. A random effects meta-analysis will be used to pool effect estimates for outcomes of interest (measures of physical activity and body adiposity). However, if pooling is deemed inappropriate due to substantial differences between studies, a narrative synthesis will be performed. This protocol is written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols 2015 statement (see Additional file 1).

Discussion
This review shall provide evidence to support or disapprove the prescription of self-managed exercise interventions in a particularly vulnerable population. We will equally explore the potential impact of technology in improving physical activity outcomes. Our findings could help guide clinicians involved in the care of PLWH in prescribing exercise and inform the design of future trials and research.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42021223357.
Patient-health care provider relationship during preoperative care in obstetric and gynecologic surgeries at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia: patient’s perspective
Authors: Biyazin Tsegaw , Fenta Belete , Yetwale Aynalem , Taye Ayanos , Belay Yeshitila 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The relationship between the health care provider and the patient is an indispensable element of medical care. The existence of a proper therapeutic relationship between the health care provider and the patient can increase patients’ trust and willingness to communicate, improve adherence to medical recommendations, enhance continuing care, and promote patient satisfaction. However, little is known in developing countries including Ethiopia what the patient health care provider relationship looks like. This study aimed to assess the health care provider-patient relationship during preoperative care in obstetric and gynecologic surgeries at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Methods
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2020, at Jimma Medical Center. A total of 372 surgical patients were selected using a systematic random sampling method. The collected data were coded, entered into Epi data version 3.1, and analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25. Bivariate and multivariable regression was carried out to determine the association between the outcome variable and the independent variable. The strength of association of dependent and independent variables was presented by crude and adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval. Variables with a p value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
The proportion of good patient to health care provider relationship in this study was 179 (48%) and it had a significant association with patient marital status AOR = 0.29 (95% CI 0.147–0.580), consent form available AOR = 0.162 (95% CI 0.035–0.750), the profession of healthcare providers who request the consent AOR = 0.305 (95% CI 0.117–.794), mode of decision-making AOR = 0.165 (95% CI 0.039–.709), and patient’s satisfaction AOR = 5.34(95% CI 3.1–9.16).

Conclusions
The proportion of patient-to healthcare providers’ relationship was low. More than half of the respondents did not have good patient–health care provider relationship. Hence, health care providers should be concerned about their relationship with their patients to increase the quality of medical care. The health care providers should bear in mind that patients may refuse to seek care from a provider whose relationship is not strong, even if the provider is skilled in preventing and managing complications.
Enthesopathy of the bicipital tuberosity of the radius treated under intraoperative computed tomography
Authors: Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Noguchi Takashi , Ando Maki , Yoshimoto Koichi , Sakamoto Daichi , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
There is no report of the application of intraoperative computed tomography to the extremities, and its usefulness is not mentioned.

Case presentation
We present a case of a patient with the elbow pain and loss of the forearm rotation due to the prominent bicipital tuberosity of the radius, which was diagnosed as enthesopathy. Surgical treatment to excise the prominent part of the bicipital tuberosity of the radius was recommended. However, it is difficult to perform the appropriate excision of the abnormal prominent part because of complications such as bicipital tendon rupture. The patient was successfully treated by surgical resection under the control of intraoperative computed tomography.

Conclusions
Intraoperative computed tomography scan is a useful tool to assess the remaining volume of the abnormal bones.
Maize yield forecast using GIS and remote sensing in Kaffa Zone, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Debalke Dereje Biru , Abebe Jemal Tefera 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Ethiopian policy makers, government planners, and farmers all demand up-to-date information on maize yield and production. The Kaffa Zone is the country's most important maize-producing region. The Central Statistical Agency's manual gathering of field data and data processing for crop predictions takes a long time to complete before official conclusions are issued. In various investigations, satellite remote sensing data has been shown to be an accurate predictor of maize yield. With station data from 2008 to 2017, the goal of this study was to develop a maize yield forecast model in the Kaffa Zone using time series data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, actual evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, and Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation. The indicators' correctness in describing the production was checked using official grain yield data from Ethiopia's Central Statistical Office. Crop masking was applied on cropland, and agro ecological zones suited for the crop of interest were used to change the crop. Throughout the long wet season, correlation studies were utilized to investigate correlations between crop productivity, spectral indices, and agro climatic factors for the maize harvest. There were indicators established that demonstrated a strong relationship between maize yield and other factors.

Results
The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Average and Climatic Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with station data rainfall exhibit substantial associations with maize productivity, with correlations of 84 percent and 89 percent, respectively. To put it another way, these variables have a significant beneficial impact on maize yield. The derived spectro-agro meteorological yield model (r2 = 0.89, RMSE = 1.54qha−1, and 16.7% coefficient of variation) matched the Central Statistical Agency's expected Zone level yields satisfactorily.

Conclusion
As a result, remote sensing and geographic information system-based maize yield forecasts improved data quality and timeliness while also distinguishing yield production levels/areas and simplifying decision-making for decision-makers, demonstrating the clear potential of spectro-agro meteorological factors for maize yield forecasting, particularly in Ethiopia.
Effect of sialyllactose on growth performance and intestinal epithelium functions in weaned pigs challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli
Authors: Duan Qiming , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Huang Zhiqing , Luo Yuheng , Zheng Ping , Mao Xiangbing , Yu Jie , Luo Junqiu , Yan Hui , He Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Sialyllactose (SL) is one of the most abundant oligosaccharides present in porcine breast milk. However, little is known about its effect on growth performance and intestinal health in weaned pigs. This study was conducted to explore the protective effect of SL on intestinal epithelium in weaned pigs upon enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge.

Methods
Thirty-two pigs were randomly divided into four treatments. Pigs fed with a basal diet or basal diet containing SL (5.0 g/kg) were orally infused with ETEC or culture medium.

Results
SL supplementation elevated the average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency in the ETEC-challenged pigs (P < 0.05). SL also improved the digestibilities of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and ash in non-challenged pigs (P < 0.05). Moreover, SL not only elevated serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), but also significantly decreased the serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) upon ETEC challenge (P < 0.05). Interestingly, SL increased the villus height, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V:C), and the activities of mucosal sucrase and maltase in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). SL also elevated the concentrations of microbial metabolites (e.g. acetic acid, propanoic acid, and butyric acid) and the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus in the cecum (P < 0.05). Importantly, SL significantly elevated the expression levels of jejunal zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1), occluding, and fatty acid transport protein-4 (FATP4) in the ETEC-challenged pigs (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
SL can alleviate inflammation and intestinal injury in weaned pigs upon ETEC challenge, which was associated with suppressed secretion of inflammatory cytokines and elevated serum immunoglobulins, as well as improved intestinal epithelium functions and microbiota.
Can metrics of acceleration provide accurate estimates of energy costs of locomotion on uneven terrain? Using domestic sheep (Ovis aries) as an example
Authors: Mulvenna Christina C. , Marks Nikki J. , Wilson Rory P. , Halsey Lewis G. , Scantlebury David M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Locomotion is often a necessity for animal survival and can account for a large proportion of an individual’s energy budget. Therefore, determining the energy costs of locomotion is an important part of understanding the interaction between an animal and its environment. Measures of animal acceleration, specifically ‘dynamic body acceleration’ (DBA) has proved to be a useful proxy of the energy cost of locomotion. However, few studies have considered the effects of interacting factors such as the animal’s speed or changes to the terrain slope on the putative acceleration versus energy expenditure relationship and how this may affect the relationship between DBA and energy expenditure.

Methods
Here we conducted a methodological study to evaluate the ability of the metric ‘vectorial dynamic body acceleration’, VeDBA, obtained from tri-axial accelerometer data loggers, to act as a proxy for energy expenditure in non-uniform environments. We used indirect calorimetry to measure the oxygen consumption (V̇O2) of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) that were exposed to different ambient temperatures when immobile (resting) and that walked at various speeds (0.8 to 2.9 km h−1) and slope angles (− 6° to 6°) on a treadmill while simultaneously measuring tri-axial acceleration recorded at 40 Hz by body-mounted tags.

Results
The lower critical temperature of sheep was identified as 18 °C, and V̇O2 when they were immobile was 3.67 mL O2 kg−1 min−1. There were positive relationships between V̇O2, VeDBA, and speed of walking. However, VeDBA correlated less well with V̇O2 when the terrain slope either inclined or declined.

Conclusions
We advocate caution when using DBA metrics for establishing energy use in animals moving over uneven terrain and suggest that each study species or location must be examined on a case-by-case basis. Reliance upon the relationship described between acceleration and energy expenditure on horizontal-surface treadmills can lead to potential under- or over-estimates of energy expenditure when animals walk on uneven or inclined ground.
Development and validation of self-efficacy and intention measures for spending time in nature
Authors: Maddock Jay E. , Suess Courtney , Bratman Gregory N. , Smock Carissa , Kellstedt Debra , Gustat Jeanette , Perry Cynthia K. , Kaczynski Andrew T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of self-efficacy and intentions measures for time spent in nature (TSN). TSN is related to improvement in psychological well-being and health, yet most American adults spend very little time in such settings. Theory-based interventions have been effective in increasing physical activity, a related behavior, and may be one mechanism to increase TSN. Self-efficacy and intentions have been shown to be strong predictors of health behaviors and are used across several theories. However, scales to measure these factors have not yet been developed and are needed to facilitate effective interventions.MethodsTSN self-efficacy and intentions scales were developed using a sequential nine-step procedure: identification of the domain and item generation; content validity; pre-testing of questions; sampling and survey administration; item reduction; extraction of factors; tests of dimensionality; tests of reliability; and tests of validity. The 14-member multidisciplinary, researcher and practitioner investigative team generated 50 unique items for self-efficacy and 24 unique items for intentions. After subjecting items to content validity and pre-testing, item sets were reduced to 21 assessing self-efficacy and nine assessing intentions. A nationwide sample of 2109 adult participants (49.7% female, Mean Age = 58.1; 59.8% White, 18.4% Hispanic, 13.3% Black) answered these items via an on-line survey.ResultsUsing split-half measures, principal components analysis indicated a one-factor solution for both scales. The factor structure was upheld in confirmatory factor analyses and had high internal consistency (α = .93 self-efficacy; .91 intentions). The scales were moderately correlated with each other (r = .56,p < .001) and were strongly related to TSN with large effect sizes (eta2 > .20).ConclusionsThe study resulted in reliable and valid self-efficacy (14 items) and intentions (8 items) scales that can be used to develop future theory-based interventions to increase TSN and thereby improve population health.
Analysis of the Effect of Injuries on Match Performance Variables in Professional Soccer Players: A Retrospective, Experimental Longitudinal Design
Authors: Raya-González Javier , Pulido Juan José , Beato Marco , Ponce-Bordón José Carlos , López del Campo Roberto , Resta Ricardo , García-Calvo Tomás 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Knowing the impact of injuries is essential for their adequate management during reconditioning programs.

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the changes in match performance parameters in professional soccer players after sustaining an injury, which was defined according to injury severity.

Methods
Two-hundred and seven injuries related to one hundred and sixty-one professional soccer players from the Spanish LaLiga™ were considered for this study. All the injuries were classified according to their severity as minor (from 4 to 7 missed days), moderate (from 8 to 28 missed days), and major (more than 28 missed days). Through Mediacoach® videotracking system, time and external demand variables were collected and subsequently compared between pre-injury and return to play periods. The analyzed variables were (in m min−1): relative distance covered (RD; total distance covered·min−1), distance covered walking (0–6 km h−1), distance covered jogging (6–12 km h−1), distance covered running (12–18 km h−1), distance covered at intense running (18–21 km h−1), distance covered at high-speed running (21–24 km h−1), and sprinting (> 24 km h−1) distance covered.

Results
Significant reductions in playing time after suffering moderate and major injuries were observed. Significant reductions after minor injuries were observed in jogging (> 6 km h−1) and running (6–12 km h−1), while significantly greater distances at intense running (18–21 km h−1) and high-speed running (21–24 km h−1) were covered by players who suffer major injuries. Finally, relevant decreases in the maximum speed achieved after moderate and major injuries were found.

Conclusions
In conclusion, this study shows the importance of high loads during reconditioning programs, as well as implementing strategies that allow reaching levels of maximum speed values after the return to play.