bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new case of trisomy 5 with complex karyotype abnormalities in B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: a case study
Authors: Makongoro Musa , Abu Rakhey Mahmoud Matar Mohammad , Yu Yafei , Sun Jianzhi , Li Guosheng , He Na , Abd El-Kaream Samir Ali , Ma Daoxin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) diagnosis is challenging due to the superposition with mature B-cell leukemia and/or lymphoma.

Objective
An insight case study of trisomy 5 with complex karyotype abnormalities in B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.

Subject and methods
A 72-year-old man was referred to the Hematology Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, because of persistent fever (10 days) and lymphocytosis. A detailed diagnostic methods including complete blood count, bone marrow aspiration, flow cytometry, conventional karyotype analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), next-generation sequencing technology (NGS) used to detect 41 kinds of mutant genes related to hematological malignancies were conducted and reasonable therapeutic regimens including emergent leukapheresis accompanied by basification of urine and hydrotherapy, followed by a regimen of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone.

Results
Subject white blood cell count was 143.43 × 109/L, and 56% prolymphocytes. He did not show lymphadenopathy but splenomegaly. Immunophenotyping of prolymphocytes was CD5(+low), CD10(−), CD11c(−), CD19(+), CD20(+), cCD22(+), CD23(−), cCD79a(+), CD79b(+), FMC7(±), CD43(−), CD3(−), CD56(−), CD103(−), HLA-DR(+), and Lambda(+). R-banding and FISH revealed that leukemia cells carried extra chromosome 5. Considering the rare occurrence of trisomy 5 found in prolymphocytic leukemia, especially in Asians, with rapid disease progression. We know that median survival of B-PLL is three years after diagnosis, while survival time of this patient was only 1 month.

Conclusion
This study could provide the firsthand materials for precision, medicine and mechanism research in cytogenetics and molecular biology. It inferred that trisomy 5 might be a poor prognosis indicator, providing directions for clinical practice in the foreseeable future.
Long proximal pouch oesophageal atresia with tracheo-oesophageal fistula, a diagnostic dilemma: case report
Authors: Machaea Sello , Nogela Vuyo , Chitnis Milind 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Oesophageal atresia is a congenital abnormality commonly encountered in neonates. Classification proposed by Gross is the most frequently used. It divides the oesophageal anomalies into five types. Type C—proximal oesophageal atresia and distal tracheo-oesophageal fistula—is the most common. Dafoe and Ross described a rare subtype with a long proximal pouch. Only 11 cases of a long proximal pouch have been reported in the English literature so far. We describe a neonate with long proximal pouch oesophageal atresia with distal tracheo-oesophageal fistula emphasizing the difficulty in arriving at the diagnosis.

Case presentation
A 1-week-old neonate presented with feed intolerance and failure to advance orogastric tube into the stomach. Water soluble upper gastrointestinal tract contrast revealed a blind ending proximal oesophagus at the level of the diaphragm. Gastric volvulus was considered as a diagnosis. Patient underwent a laparotomy where a normal stomach was found. Bubbles were seen coming from the fashioned gastrostomy with each inspiration. This prompted us to consider the possibility of a missed oesophageal atresia with distal tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Diagnosis was confirmed on bronchoscopy and right thoracotomy. The tracheo-oesophageal fistula was ligated and a cervical oesophagostomy and Stamm gastrostomy were performed due to irreparable tear in the long upper pouch.

Conclusion
This rare subtype of long upper pouch oesophageal atresia poses a diagnostic dilemma that can result in delay in the diagnosis and management. This diagnosis should be suspected if the tip of the orogastric/feeding tube is seen to be far below the level of the carina.
Total aplasia of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity: the first case report
Authors: Hasan Trefa Salih 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The paranasal sinuses (PNSs) are small empty spaces around the nasal cavity at the entrance to the respiratory tract, and they have various functions. The development and anatomy of the PNSs are exposed to many variations, often leading to patients’ complaints upon presentation.

Case presentation
Here, the first case of total aplasia of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity and its contents is presented. Several cases of varying degrees of combined aplasia and hypoplasia, even total sinus aplasia, have been reported in the literature, but to the author’s knowledge, no cases of total sinus aplasia and associated nasal aplasia have been described thus far.

Conclusion
This case report describes a rare, and probably the first, case of severe sinonasal developmental defects elegantly identified with bone window computed tomography (CT).
Inactivation of Type 3 Deiodinase Results in Life-long Changes in the Brown Adipose Tissue Transcriptome in the Male Mouse
Authors: Fonseca Tatiana L , Russo Samuel C , Luongo Cristina , Salvatore Domenico , Bianco Antonio C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis in small mammals and infants takes place in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Heat is produced via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-mediated uncoupling between oxidation of energy substrates and adenosine 5′-triphosphate synthesis. Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling plays a role in this process. The deiodinases activate thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) (D2) or inactivate T4 and T3 to 3,3,5′-triiodothyronine and T2 (D3), respectively. Using a mouse model with selective inactivation of Dio3 in BAT (flox-Dio3 × UCP1-cre = BAT-D3KO), we now show that knocking out D3 resulted in premature exposure of developing brown adipocytes (embryonic days 16.5-18.5) to T3 signaling, leading to an earlier expression of key BAT genes, including Cidea, Cox8b, Dio2, Ucp1, and Pgc1α. Adult BAT-D3KO mice exhibited increased expression of 1591 genes as assessed by RNA sequencing, including 19 gene sets related to mitochondria, 8 related to fat, and 8 related to glucose homeostasis. The expression of 243 genes was changed by more than 1.5-fold, 36 of which play a role in metabolic/thermogenic processes. BAT-D3KO mice weigh less and exhibit smaller white adipocyte area, but maintain normal energy expenditure at room temperature (22 °C) and in the cold (4 °C). They also defend their core temperature more effectively and do not lose as much body weight when exposed to cold. We conclude that the coordinated actions of Dio3 in the embryonic BAT define the timing and intensity of T3 signaling during brown adipogenesis. Enhanced T3 signaling during BAT embryogenesis (Dio3 inactivation) results in selective life-long modifications in the BAT transcriptome.
Class: A Useful Category of Analysis in the History of Sexual Harassment
Authors: Phelps Christopher 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBeginning with Leonora Barry of the Knights of Labor, women in the labor movement have envisioned class action as a means of overcoming sexual harassment. Drawing upon Brooke Meredith Beloso's emphasis on the “class constitution of gender and sexuality” and “gendered and sexual constitution of class,” this essay considers four historical phases—the Gilded Age, the Progressive Era, the Great Depression and Second World War, and the present era since the 1970s—to maintain the value of class as an analytic category in understanding sexual harassment and resistance to it in the history of American capitalism. Attentive to gender and race, it contests perspectives that erase or subordinate class while in turn seeking to situate class within a full-spectrum intersectionality. Bringing class back in reveals sexual harassment to be one form of the enactment of class, not merely gender. Although sexual harassment can in no way be reduced to class, class shapes sexual harassment and sexual harassment shapes class.
The Final Cut: Evolution of Cavernous Sinus Decompression Beyond the Dolenc Cut
Authors: Peto Ivo , Matos-Cruz Alejandro , Flores-Milan Gabriel , Heller Robert , van Loveren Harry , Agazzi Siviero 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Meningiomas involving the cavernous sinus (CS) represent a formidable challenge to neurosurgeons. Because of high morbidity, aggressive tumor resection within the CS has been largely replaced by extracavernous tumor resection and decompression of the CS. The widely used Dolenc method involves blind dural transection over the oculomotor nerve, potentially placing the crossing trochlear nerve at risk.

OBJECTIVE:
To provide a safer way for the decompression of the CS and at the same time, circumferential resection of the temporal lobe dura.

METHODS:
Cadaveric dissection of 8 cadaveric heads (16 sides) was performed. Frontotemporal craniotomy with zygomatic osteotomy was performed. Extradural and intradural dissection of the lateral wall of the CS and free edge of tentorium was performed. Photographic documentation, artistic illustrations, and illustrative video cases are provided.

RESULTS:
Three tether points were released: anterior—the meningo-orbital band, lateral—dura over the V2 and V3, and medial—superficial layer of the free edge of tentorium. Transection of the superficial layer of the free edge of the tentorium along its edge, in conjunction with a lateral cut over the temporal convexity, constitutes the final cut, allowing a resection of the lateral CS wall and the circumferential resection of temporal lobe dura.

CONCLUSION:
Using the “final cut” technique allows for a circumferential resection of the temporal lobe dura and lateral CS wall while avoiding blind cuts that could put cranial nerves at risk. All dural transections are performed in anatomically separated layers under constant visualization.
“Sagittal Crest”: Definition, Stepwise Dissection, and Clinical Implications From a Transorbital Perspective
Authors: Corrivetti Francesco , de Notaris Matteo , Di Somma Alberto , Dallan Iacopo , Enseñat Joaquim , Topczewski Thomas , Solari Domenico , Cavallo Luigi Maria , Cappabianca Paolo , Prats-Galino Alberto 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
The recent development of the superior eyelid endoscopic transorbital approach (SETOA) offered a new route for the management of cavernous sinus and middle cranial fossa tumors. As a result, a constant anatomic landmark of the surgical pathway after drilling the medial edge of the greater sphenoid wing (GSW) is represented by a triangular-shaped bone ridge appearing as a “crest.”

OBJECTIVE:
To perform an anatomic study to define this surgical landmark, named the “sagittal crest” (SC) as seen from the transorbital endoscopic view.

METHODS:
Four adult cadaveric specimens (8 sides) were dissected performing an endoscopic transorbital approach to the middle fossa and the SC was removed to perform interdural opening of the cavernous sinus. Computed tomography scans were made before and after removal of the SC to perform quantitative analysis and building a 3-dimensional model of the bone resection of the GSW via the SETOA.

RESULTS:
The SC is a bone ridge triangle shaping dorsally the superior orbital fissure resulting as the residual fragment after drilling the lateral aspect of the greater sphenoid wing. Predissection and postdissection computed tomography scans allowed to objectively assess SC features and dimensions (mean 1.08 ± 0.2 cm).

CONCLUSION:
The SC is a constant anatomic landmark constituted of the residual medial portion of the GSW. Complete resection of this key landmark provides adequate working space and appears to be mandatory during SETOA to guide the subsequent interdural dissection of the lateral wall of cavernous sinus.
Dirichlet process mixture models for single-cell RNA-seq clustering
Authors: Adossa Nigatu A. , Rytkönen Kalle T. , Elo Laura L. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Clustering of cells based on gene expression is one of the major steps in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis. One key challenge in cluster analysis is the unknown number of clusters and, for this issue, there is still no comprehensive solution. To enhance the process of defining meaningful cluster resolution, we compare Bayesian latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) method to its non-parametric counterpart, hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) in the context of clustering scRNA-seq data. A potential main advantage of HDP is that it does not require the number of clusters as an input parameter from the user. While LDA has been used in single-cell data analysis, it has not been compared in detail with HDP. Here, we compare the cell clustering performance of LDA and HDP using four scRNA-seq datasets (immune cells, kidney, pancreas and decidua/placenta), with a specific focus on cluster numbers. Using both intrinsic (DB-index) and extrinsic (ARI) cluster quality measures, we show that the performance of LDA and HDP is dataset dependent. We describe a case where HDP produced a more appropriate clustering compared to the best performer from a series of LDA clusterings with different numbers of clusters. However, we also observed cases where the best performing LDA cluster numbers appropriately capture the main biological features while HDP tended to inflate the number of clusters. Overall, our study highlights the importance of carefully assessing the number of clusters when analyzing scRNA-seq data.
CDC25B is required for the metaphase I-metaphase II transition in mouse oocytes
Authors: Ferencova Ivana , Vaskovicova Michaela , Drutovic David , Knoblochova Lucie , Macurek Libor , Schultz Richard M. , Solc Petr 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Mammalian oocytes are arrested at meiotic prophase I. The dual-specificity phosphatase CDC25B is essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activation that drives resumption of meiosis. CDC25B reverses the inhibitory effect of the protein kinases WEE1 and MYT1 on CDK1 activation. Cdc25b−/− female mice are infertile because oocytes cannot activate CDK1. To identify a role for CDC25B following resumption of meiosis, we restored CDK1 activation in Cdc25b−/− oocytes by inhibiting WEE1 and MYT1, or expressing EGFP-CDC25A or constitutively active EGFP-CDK1 from microinjected complementary RNAs. Forced CDK1 activation in Cdc25b−/− oocytes allowed resumption of meiosis, but oocytes mostly arrested at metaphase I (MI) with intact spindles. Similarly, approximately a third of Cdc25b+/− oocytes with a reduced amount of CDC25B arrested in MI. MI-arrested Cdc25b−/− oocytes also displayed a transient decrease in CDK1 activity similar to Cdc25b+/+ oocytes during the MI-MII transition, whereas Cdc25b+/− oocytes exhibited only a partial anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome activation and anaphase I entry. Thus, CDC25B is necessary for the resumption of meiosis and the MI-MII transition.
Harmonisation of welfare indicators for macaques and marmosets used or bred for research
Authors: Prescott Mark J. , Leach Matthew C. , Truelove Melissa A. 
Published: March 2022

Background:Accurate assessment of the welfare of non-human primates (NHPs) used and bred for scientific purposes is essential for effective implementation of obligations to optimise their well-being, for validation of refinement techniques and novel welfare indicators, and for ensuring the highest quality data is obtained from these animals. Despite the importance of welfare assessment in NHP research, there is little consensus on what should be measured. Greater harmonisation of welfare indicators between facilities would enable greater collaboration and data sharing to address welfare-related questions in the management and use of NHPs.Methods:A Delphi consultation was used to survey attendees of the 2019 NC3Rs Primate Welfare Meeting (73 respondents) to build consensus on which welfare indicators for macaques and marmosets are reliable, valid, and practicable, and how these can be measured.Results:Self-harm behaviour, social enrichment, cage dimensions, body weight, a health monitoring programme, appetite, staff training, and positive reinforcement training were considered valid, reliable, and practicable indicators for macaques (≥70% consensus) within a hypothetical scenario context involving 500 animals. Indicators ranked important for assessing marmoset welfare were body weight, NHP induced and environmentally induced injuries, cage furniture, huddled posture, mortality, blood in excreta, and physical enrichment. Participants working with macaques in infectious disease and breeding identified a greater range of indicators as valid and reliable than did those working in neuroscience and toxicology, where animal-based indicators were considered the most important. The findings for macaques were compared with a previous Delphi consultation, and the expert-defined consensus from the two surveys used to develop a prototype protocol for assessing macaque welfare in research settings.Conclusions:Together the Delphi results and proto-protocol enable those working with research NHPs to more effectively assess the welfare of the animals in their care and to collaborate to advance refinement of NHP management and use.
Case Report: Using basic liver function tests as a guide to suspected Wilson’s disease
Authors: Adhikari Sudeep , Shah Prashant Kumar , Sharma Yuba Raj 
Published: March 2022

We present a case of a 36-year-old female patient who presented with subacute liver disease with a history of alcohol abuse. On basic liver function tests (LFT), she had aspartate transaminase / alanine transaminase > 2.2 and alkaline phosphatase / total bilirubin < 4. This pattern in acute liver failure patients signifies Wilson’s disease. Its presence in our patient with subacute liver disease also prompted us to suspect Wilson’s disease and we extended the liver disease screen to include slit lamp eye examination for Kayser-Fleischer rings, serum ceruloplasmin and 24-hour urinary copper level, which led to the diagnosis. She improved clinically and biochemically with zinc acetate therapy. As screening for rare diseases is not always possible in low-income countries, this case demonstrates the usefulness of the basic LFT as a guide for suspecting Wilson’s disease in patients with liver disease.
Impact of COVID-19 on international medical education and the future plans of medical students in Japan
Authors: Goudarzi Houman , Onozawa Masahiro , Takahashi Makoto 
Published: March 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the current study methods and future plans of medical students compared to those in the pre-pandemic period. Methods: Second-grade medical students reported their academic experiences, study methods, and future career plans before (between 2016 and 2019) and during the pandemic (2020) using a questionnaire-based survey at Hokkaido University, Japan (n = 534). Results: From 2016 to 2019, we found an increasing trend for participation in short-term international exchange programs, taking the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), clinical training, and undertaking research abroad among the students. However, these percentages significantly declined (to 35.5%) during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 for all the assessed future plans, including short-term exchange programs (-27.9%), taking USMLE (-19.8%), clinical training (-24.5%), and undertaking research abroad (-13.2%) compared to 2019, wherein 67.9% of the students wished to have at least one of these four above-mentioned academic activities. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely and significantly influenced our medical students’ plans to go abroad for clinical and research training. Future studies are warranted to assess the long-term influence of this pandemic on the career planning of medical students.
THE IMPACT OF BLOCKCHAIN ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY
Authors: Kuzmenkova Vera G. 
Published: March 2022

Currently, most countries pay great attention to the development of the digital economy, especially blockchain technologies, which are promoted in all spheres of the economy, creating infrastructure for the promotion of the digital economy.
Blockchain technologies are being strengthened in various sectors of the economy, in public administration, etc. This article discusses the essence, mechanism of operation, the main economic aspects of blockchain. Special attention is paid to modern directions of using blockchain for society, business, disadvantages and advantages, problems of its implementation are considered. The directions of technology implementation in many sectors of the national economy are being studied.
Relevance of the research topic. In digital technologies, the possibilities, advantages and disadvantages have not yet been sufficiently studied.
The purpose of the study. The purpose of this study is to consider the application of the results of the development of blockchain technology in the economy and financial sphere.
The method or methodology of the work: general scientific, description, method of expert assessments, etc.
Object of research: foreign and domestic experience of individual states using blockchain in socially significant spheres of public life.
The subject of the study. Areas of application of blockchain for business and society.
The scientific novelty of this work lies in the review of the directions of application of blockchain technology.
Results: the article shows that blockchain, as a special technology of the digital economy, opens up broad prospects for various economic entities, as well as for financial market participants.
Scope of application of the results: it is advisable to use the results obtained in the practical implementation of blockchain technology implementation projects.
Scope and measurement of the effectiveness of primary patients’ care
Authors: Prusaczyk Artur , Bogdan Magdalena , Szafraniec-Buryło Sylwia , Żuk Paweł , Guzek Marika , Oberska Joanna 
Published: March 2022

Effectiveness of medical care is one of the most reliable parameters to assess individual aspects of the health care system. However, it should be emphasized that there is no unified definition of effectiveness in health care, on the basis of which these aspects can be assessed and compared.
The aim of the study was to draw attention to the inability to make a reliable and authoritative assessment of effectiveness in health care due to the lack of a uniform definition and to emphasize their importance in the light of international comparative analysis.
A review of the literature relating to the assessment of the quality and effectiveness of services provided by healthcare entities was performed.
It has been defined that efficiency grows as the quality of healthcare increases and/or the cost of healthcare decreases, and effectiveness measurement should refer to a specific member of a medical stuff.
Social Performance Incentives in Mission-Driven Firms
Authors: Jung Sun-Moon , Shin Jae Yong 
Published: March 2022

We examine the effect of introducing an incentive plan based on social performance in a sample of 186 social mission–oriented firms in Korea. We find that the social performance of social enterprises (SEs) significantly improves over time after adoption of an incentive plan based on social performance, and that the incentive effect increases with managers’ perceived measurability of social performance. Moreover, we document that social bonuses do not harm SEs’ financial performance and that they have a positive spillover effect on financial performance in SEs that have a higher level of task complementarity between social and financial goals. Our results also show that when the main beneficiary of social bonuses is expected to be a firm’s employees, the incentive effect of social bonuses decreases (increases) with a firm’s focus on social controls (formal controls). In contrast, when the main beneficiary is expected to be a firm’s social mission, the incentive effect increases with a firm’s reliance on social controls. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.