bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and perpendicular anisotropy on spin waves propagation in stripe domain patterns and spin spirals
Authors: Gruszecki Pawel , Kisielewski Jan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Texture-based magnonics focuses on the utilization of spin waves in magnetization textures to process information. Using micromagnetic simulations, we study how (i) the dynamic magnetic susceptibility, (ii) dispersion relations, and (iii) the equilibrium magnetic configurations in periodic magnetization textures in ultrathin ferromagnetic films in remanence depend on the values of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and the perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy. We observe that for large Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction values, spin spirals with periods of tens of nanometers are the preferred state; for small Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and large anisotropies, stripe domain patterns with over a thousand times larger period are preferable. We observe and explain the selectivity of the excitation of resonant modes by a linearly polarized microwave field. We study the propagation of spin waves along and perpendicular to the direction of the periodicity. For propagation along the direction of the periodicity, we observe a band gap that closes and reopens, which is accompanied by a swap in the order of the bands. For waves propagating in the perpendicular direction, some modes can serve as unidirectional channels for spin waves. Overall, our findings are promising in sensing and signal processing applications and explain the fundamental properties of periodic magnetization textures.
Second moment of displacement state and effective energy-based criteria in peridynamic micromechanics of random structure composites
Authors: BURYACHENKO VALERIY 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The basic feature of the peridynamics is a continuum description of material behavior as the combined nonlocal force interactions between infinitesimal material points. In opposite to the conventional local elasticity, the peridynamic equation of motion proposed by Silling (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2000; 48:175-–209) is free of any spatial derivatives of displacement. One analyzes a linearized ordinary state-based peridynamic theory of micromechanics of random structure composite materials (CMs) subjected to the remote volumetric homogeneous boundary conditions. Effective properties are expressed through the introduced local stress polarization tensor averaged over the external interaction interface of inclusions rather than in an entire space. Any spatial derivatives of displacement fields are not required. The basic hypotheses of locally elastic micromechanics are generalized to their peridynamic counterparts. The methods of the solution of GIEs are obtained without any auxiliary assumptions such as the effective field hypothesis (EFH), which is implicitly exploited in the known methods of analytical micromechanics. In particular, in the generalized effective field method (EFM) proposed, the effective field is evaluated from self-consistent estimations of a corresponding general integral equation for random structure CMs. In so doing, the conventional effective field hypothesis is relaxed, and the hypothesis of ellipsoidal symmetry of the random structure CMs is not exploited, whereas the closing hypothesis can be used for multiparticle generality. General representations of second moments of the displacement states are proposed as a straightforward generalization of the corresponding approach in nonlinear local micromechanics. Effective energy-based criteria of nonlinear phenomena in both bond-based and ordinary state-based peridynamic micromechanics are obtained.
Freshness and Contamination with Formalin of Mackerel marketed in Dar es Salaam
Authors: Manyanga Vicky , Uledi Mtoke Ahmadi , Makoye Paul Malaba , Daniel Innocent John , Shedafa Raphael , Masota Nelson E. , Shewiyo Danstan Hipolite , Nyakirang’ani Nzaghi , Sempombe Joseph , Mugoyela Veronica , Kaale Eliangiringa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Fish constitutes a nutritious food that deteriorates quickly when poorly preserved. Several biochemicals, including formaldehyde, naturally accumulate in the fish post-mortem. Apart from this natural formaldehyde, reports indicate the unlawful addition of formalin (37% formaldehyde solution) to the stored fish to prolong freshness. This is risky since formaldehyde is carcinogenic, genotoxic, and a potentiator of other carcinogens.
Aim
This study aimed to investigate both the freshness and the extent of contamination with formaldehyde of mackerel sold in Dar es Salaam.
Methods
A total of 60 mackerel samples were conveniently and equally obtained from the local markets, street vendors, and supermarkets in five districts of the Dar es Salaam region. Freshness was evaluated based on organoleptic characteristics. Formaldehyde analysis was done by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Analysis of variance of formaldehyde concentration in fish flesh by source outlet and district was subsequently run.
Results
The analyzed mackerel samples had acceptable levels of freshness (2.46 ± 0.50) and a mean formaldehyde concentration of 10.89 ± 2.44 mg/kg. On average, the samples from supermarkets were the freshest (2.20 ± 0.21) however the most contaminated with formaldehyde (16.07 ± 4.68 mg/kg), while those from local markets were the least contaminated (3.91 ± 1.86 mg/kg) (p=0.000). Moreover, 0% (n=0), 20% (n=4), and 35% (n=7) of samples from local markets, street vendors, and supermarkets respectively, had formaldehyde concentrations above 20 mg/kg, the previously estimated highest concentration for natural formaldehyde in fish.
Conclusion
Mackerels found in Dar es Salaam have acceptable freshness but are substantially contaminated with formaldehyde. Whether this formaldehyde is natural or artificially added, our findings are inconclusive, given the conflicting global cut-off values for natural formaldehyde in fish. We, therefore, recommend a contextualized study to establish the time dynamics of formaldehyde formation in the stored fish. In the meantime, we advise the public to dwell on the local markets for fish rather than the supermarkets and street vendors.
The Stressful Life Events among female primary school teachers in the State of Kuwait and its relationship to physical symptoms in the light of some variables
Authors: Haggag Abdelmotaleb Abdelkader , Al-Azmi Dana Mubarak 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Abstract
Background: A review of previous studies showed an increase in stress, a deterioration in mental and physical health, and an increase in psychological and physical symptoms among primary school teachers. This research aimed to know stressful life events among female primary school teachers in the State of Kuwait, and to study the association of stressful life events with physical symptoms, and to identify the extent of the impact of some variables that include (age, experience years, marital status, economic level, health status, obesity) on stressful life events and its physical symptoms.
Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was designed and completed by 380 female primary school teachers in the State of Kuwait, between September10 and October15, 2022. The female teachers completed two self-reported scales. The scales included the Stressful Life Events Scale (SLES) and Physical Symptoms Related Stress Questionnaire (PSRSQ).
Results: The results reveal that there is medium level of stressful life events among primary school teachers in Kuwait. There is medium level of health, emotional, environmental and cultural stressors among participants. While there is a low level of family, social, personal and economic stressors among participants. The most common physical symptoms among the participants were lower back pain, insomnia and sleep problems, constant headache and fatigue from the slightest effort. health, emotional and personal stressors were more closely related to physical symptoms among participants.The groups most exposed to elevated levels of the most recent stressful life events and physical symptoms are as follows; separated people, middle-income people, Patients with chronic diseases, Teachers who with 5-10 years of experience and Teachers who aged 25-40 years.
Conclusions: medium level of stressful life events and physical symptoms among primary school teachers in Kuwait was found. This study recommends that the necessity of helping primary school teachers to cope with stressors through training on some positive coping strategies. Providing psychological and social support to the groups most vulnerable to stressful life events.
Are Syrian refugees breast cancer patients diagnosed at advanced stage? Is it a myth or reality?
Authors: Karhan Ogur , Secmeler¹ Saban , Sezgin² Yasin , Ileri Serdar , Yerlikaya⁴ Halis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Syrian refugees(SR) are said to be diagnosed at more advanced stage comparing to host nations but almost all studies lack of control arm consisting of host nations. The aim of this cross sectional retrospective study is to compare clinicopathologic features and time to reach of treatment in two groups which are SR breast cancer patients and Turkish citizens(TC) counterparts.
Methods: This study was retrospective cross sectional study including breast cancer patients from monocenter in Turkey treated between 2014-2021. Patients were divided into two groups; Syrian refugees (SR) and Turkish citizens (TC). Clinicopathologic features, neoadjuvant treatment approach and time to reach treatment were investigated in two groups. Mann Whitney U test, Chi square test were used for comparision of two groups, SPSS version 25 was used for analysis and p value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: Syrian refugees ratio was 88/490 (%18), mean age at diagnosis was 45 years for SR while in TC population it was 50 years (p:0,003). There was no difference between intrinsic subtypes, Luminal subtype 45.5% to 54.4%, HER 2 positive 39.8% to 34.3%, Triple negative14,8% to 11.3% in SR and TC respectively (p>0,05) . Ratio of denovo metastatic was 20/87 (23%) in SR while in TC population it was 85/398(21.3%) (p>0,05).Upfront operation in patients who should have been offered neoadjuvan chemotheraphy was 33.3%(11/33) in SR, and it was 43/170(25.4%) in TC population (p>0,05). Median time to reach neoadjuvant chemotheraphy(ChT) in SR was 47 days (16-75) while in TC that time was 37 days(3-141) p>0,05. In upfront operated patients, median time to surgery in SR was 42 days(14-165) while in TC it was 40 days (11-134) p>0,05. In metastatic setting median time to initiate ChT in SR was 38 days (14-118) while in TC it was 41 days (11-141) p>0,05.
Conclusion: SR were younger than counterparts but breast cancer subtypes were similar in both groups. Denovo metastatic ratio and neoadjuvant approach were similar between two groups showed SR could reach oncologic treatment equally to Turkish counterpart. In the aspect of treatment delay, there was no difference in time to initiate treatment between SR and TC.
Anthropogenic disturbances and ecological memory modulate dynamics in the world’s coral reefs
Authors: González-Barrios F. Javier , Estrada-Saldívar Nuria , Pérez-Cervantes Esmeralda , Secaira-Fajardo Fernando , Alvarez-Filip Lorenzo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRapidly changing conditions alter disturbance patterns, highlighting the need to better understand how the transition from pulse disturbances to more persistent stress will impact ecosystem dynamics. We conducted a global analysis of the impacts of eleven acute disturbances on reef integrity using the rate of change of coral cover as a measure of damage. Then, we evaluated how the magnitude of the damage due to thermal stress, cyclones, and diseases varied among tropical Atlantic and Indo-Pacific reefs and whether the cumulative impact of thermal stress and cyclones was able to modulate the responses of reefs to future events. We found that reef damage largely depends on the condition of a reef before a disturbance, disturbance intensity, and biogeographic region, regardless of the type of disturbance. Changes in coral cover after bleaching events were largely influenced by the cumulative stress of past disturbances and did not depend on disturbance intensity or initial coral cover, which suggests that an ecological memory is present within coral communities. In contrast, the effect of cyclones (and likely other physical impacts) was primarily modulated by the initial reef condition and did not appear to be influenced by previous impacts. Our findings also underscore that coral reefs can recover if stressful conditions decrease, yet the lack of action to reduce anthropogenic impacts and greenhouse gas emissions continues to trigger reef degradation. We uphold that evidence-based strategies can guide managers to make better decisions to prepare for future disturbances.
The art of spirals
Authors: Pan Hongjun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Interesting graphic patterns can be created by mathematically manipulating the spirals calculated by the galactic spiral equations. Such mathematical manipulation is achieved by multiplying the spiral data with a special mathematical function named as art-pattern function. This method can be extended to mathematical equations other than spiral equations and to 3-dimension graphics. The graphic creativity is unlimited through this method. This method will have wide applications in many aspects of our daily life.
Topological phase transition and robust pseudospin interface states induced byangular perturbation in 2D topological photonic crystals
Authors: Bezerra Claudionor , Costa Carlos Humberto , Daniel Borges-Silva 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent years the research about topological photonic structures has been a very attractivetopic in nanoscience from both a basic science and a technological point of view. In this work wepropose a two-dimensional topological photonic structure, composed of a trivial and a topologicalphotonic crystals, made of dumbbell-shaped dielectric rods. The topological behavior is inducedby introducing an angular perturbation in the dumbbell-shaped dielectric rods. We show that thiscomposed structure supports pseudospin interface states at the interface between the trivial andtopological crystals. Our numerical results show that a bandgap is opened in the band structure byintroducing the angular perturbation in the system, lifting the double degeneracy of the double Diraccone at the Γ point of the Brillouin zone, despite keeping the C6 symmetry group. A pseudospintopological behavior was observed and analyzed with emphasis on the photonic bands at the Γ point.We have also investigated the robustness of these pseudospin interface states and, according with ournumerical results, we conclude that they are robust against defects, disorder and reflection. Finally,we have shown that the two edge modes present energy flux propagating in opposite directions,which is the photonic analogue of the quantum spin Hall effect.
A Comprehensive Report on the First Filipino Monkeypox Case: From Clinical Presentation to Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Ylaya Edward Matthew Z. , Grande Phoebe Grace B. , Dancel Lei Lanna M. , Nicolasora Amalea Dulcene , Polotan Francisco Gerardo M. , Pantoni Roslind Anne R. , Celis Czarina Christelle Alyannah S. , Melo Ezekiel A. , Ortia Stephen Paul B. , Manalo Joanna Ina G. , Abulencia Miguel Francisco B. , Dizon Timothy John R. , Chu Maria Yna Joyce , Bucoy-Sy Ma. Carmela P.G. , Adasa Gisella U. , Gascon Aileen G. , Roman Arthur Dessi E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background

With the World Health Organization’s declaration of the 2022 multi-country monkeypox outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), we report the first confirmed case of monkeypox infection in a Filipino with clinical presentation different from the classic monkeypox cases previously reported in endemic countries of Central and West Africa before the 2022 outbreak. We describe monkeypox infection's gross and dermatopathological appearances on Southeast Asian brown skin. We also discuss the detailed process of monkeypox quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing for diagnostic confirmation and the pioneering application of shotgun metagenomic sequencing to characterize the infecting virus.

Case Presentation

This was a case of a 31-year-old male Filipino with a travel history to several European countries. He developed five non-tender, well-defined, umbilicated pustules with erythematous borders on the upper lip, the left gluteal area, bilateral knees, and the left ankle. Skin punch biopsy findings were suggestive of a viral infection. Monkeypox infection from Clade II (previously known as the West African clade) was confirmed by detecting and amplifying the G2R_G, G2R_WA, and C3L gene targets using qPCR. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing subsequently identified a monkeypox genome sequence belonging to B.1.3 lineage of Clade IIb, associated with the current multi-country outbreak. The serologic varicella IgM test was positive but varicella PCR of the skin lesion and metagenomic sequencing did not indicate the presence of the varicella virus. The patient was discharged and continued isolation at home until all scabs had completely fallen off.

Conclusions

The presence of pustules among patients with risk factors such as possible close physical contact with infected individuals in areas with reported cases of monkeypox should raise suspicion for such an infection. Dermatopathological findings of the patient’s skin lesions were consistent with a viral infection but were non-specific for monkeypox infection. The establishment and optimization of the qPCR protocol were necessary to confirm monkeypox infection from Clade II. Metagenomic sequencing successfully characterized the etiologic agent of the first laboratory-confirmed monkeypox case in the Philippines belonging to Clade IIb which is mainly responsible for the 2022 monkeypox global outbreak.
An analytical survey on the role of nanotechnology in groundwater remediation
Authors: Bhardwaj Chandra Kant , Chandra Umesh , Rafi Sana , Dubey O. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Groundwater contamination is a problem in several areas around the world, notably in the industrial belts. For people all across the world, groundwater is a vital source of water. Physical, chemical, and biological aspects determine the amount and quality of groundwater for human consumption and irrigation. People in some parts of the world are experiencing true water scarcity because groundwater is used faster than it is regularly recharged. Groundwater contamination must be remediated, because people's general well-being and prosperity are inextricably linked to their ability to obtain sufficient amounts of high-quality water. This study is an attempt to have insight into the role of nanotechnology for groundwater remediation. This study shows that nano remediation has the ability to minimize time and lower pollutants concentration to near zero by cleaning contaminated areas in situ. However, there are questions about safe disposal and long-term impact on the environment. Green Nanoparticles (GNP) are an alternative that are made with environmentally friendly procedures and materials, resulting in less waste. They also have the advantage of being environmentally friendly and sustainable.
Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives Containing Nasal Spray and Inhalation Therapy for
the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Chavda Vivek P. , Vora Lalitkumar K. , Singla Rajeev K. , Patel Aayushi B. , Shah Priyal , Uversky Vladimir N. , Apostolopoulos Vasso 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major health concern
worldwide and has evolved into different variants. SARS-CoV-2 possesses a spike glycoprotein on its envelope
that binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor of the host cell via the receptor-binding
domain (RBD) in the upper respiratory tract. Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus variants change the severity of the
diesease and treatment scenarios, repurposing current medicines may provide a quick and appealing method
with established safety features. The efficacy and safety of antiviral medicines against the coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) have been investigated, and several of them are now undergoing clinical studies. Recently, it
has been found that nitric oxide (NO) shows antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 and prevents the virus
from binding to a host cell. In addition, NO is a well-known vasodilator and acts as an important coagulation
mediator. With the fast-track development of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines, one avenue of research
aimed at improving therapeutics is exploring different forms of drug delivery, including intranasal sprays and
inhalation therapy. The nasal mucosa is more prone to be the site of infection as it is in more direct contact with
the physical environment via air during inhalation and exhalation. Thus, the use of exogenous nasal NO therapy
via the intranasal route displays a distinct advantage. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize the
relevant actions of NO via the intranasal spray and inhalation delivery, its mechanism of action, and its use in
the treatment of COVID-19.
Drug-induced Anaphylaxis
Authors: Torres Maria José , Labella Marina , de Santa María Rocío Saénz , Bogas Gádor , Salas María , Fernández Tahía D. , Mayorga Cristobalina , Doña Inmaculada 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:Drug hypersensitivity is increasing worldwide as the consumption of drug is increasing. Many clinical presentations of drug hypersensitivity are complex and take place in the setting of illness and/or polypharmacotherapy. To review the most recent findings in the diagnosis and management of immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions. Studies were selected based on their relevance, originality and date of publication. The understanding of endotypes, biomarkers and phenotypes has improved the categorization of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. In this review, we discussed the short- and long-term management of anaphylaxis with a special focus on in vivo and in vitro diagnostic methods. Moreover, the clinical management of drug-induced anaphylaxis, the role of hidden allergens and the importance of delabeling are discussed. Endophenotyping is crucial to correctly diagnose and treat patients with immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions, preventing future episodes through drug desensitization.Study selection:Studies were selected based on their relevance, originality and date of publication.Main findings:The understanding of endotypes, biomarkers and phenotypes has improved the categorization of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. In this review, we discussed the short- and long-term management of anaphylaxis with a special focus on in vivo and in vitro diagnostic methods. Moreover, the clinical management of drug-induced anaphylaxis, the role of hidden allergens and the importance of delabeling are discussed.Conclusions:Endophenotyping is crucial to correctly diagnose and treat patients with immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions, preventing future episodes through drug desensitization.