bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of anti-inflammatory diets on inflammation markers in adult human populations: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mukherjee Mitali S , Han Chad Y , Sukumaran Shawgi , Delaney Christopher L , Miller Michelle D   
Published: July 2022

AbstractContextChronic inflammation, characterized by prolonged elevated inflammation markers, is linked to several chronic conditions. Diet can influence the levels of inflammation markers in the body.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of anti-inflammatory diets on 14 different inflammation markers in adults.Data SourcesThis systematic review conducted searches using Medline, PubMed, EMCare, Cochrane, and CINAHL, to locate randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Data ExtractionTwo researchers independently screened 1537 RCTs that measured changes in inflammation markers after prescription of an intervention diet.Data AnalysisIn total, 20 RCTs were included and assessed qualitatively. The results demonstrated that a Mediterranean diet can bring about statistically significant and clinically meaningful between-group differences in interleukins -1α, -1β, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -10, and -18, interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, C-reactive protein, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, as compared with a control diet.ConclusionsThere may be a link between diet, inflammation markers, and disease outcomes in various adult populations. However, further research using consistent RCT protocols is required to determine correlations between diet, specific inflammation markers, and clinically relevant outcomes.
A Prevascularized Sinus Tract on the Liver Surface for Islet Transplantation
Authors: Li Feng , Lv Yi , Li Xiaohang , Yang Zhaoming , Guo Tingwei , Zhang Jialin 
Published: July 2022

Background.
The lack of a suitable transplantation site has become a bottleneck restricting the development of islet transplantation.

Methods.
In this study, for the first time, a prevascularized sinus tract (PST) for islet transplantation was constructed in a mouse model by temporarily embedding a 4× silk thread between the liver surface and the attached decellularized human amniotic membrane. After which, the characteristics of the PST and the function of the islet graft within the PST were evaluated.

Results.
The results showed that PST was lined with granulation tissue, the blood vessel density of the local tissue increased, and proangiogenic proteins were upregulated, which mimics the microenvironment of the islets in the pancreas to a certain extent. Transplantation of ~200 syngeneic islets into the PST routinely reversed the hyperglycemia of the recipient mice and maintained euglycemia for >100 d until the islet grafts were retrieved. The islet grafts within the PST achieved better results to those in the nonprevascularized control groups and comparable results to those under the kidney capsule with respect to glycemic control and glucose tolerance.

Conclusions.
By attaching a decellularized human amniotic membrane to the surface of mouse liver and temporarily embedding a 4× silk thread, the PST formed on the liver surface has a favorable local microenvironment and is a potential clinical islet transplantation site.
Is There a Chance to Treat Modified Gartland Type IIB Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures With Closed Reduction and Casting?
Authors: Sisman Ali , Avci Ozgür , Cepni Serdar Kamil , Cullu Emre 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Wilkins modification of the Gartland classification (WMGC) type IIB supracondylar humeral fractures (SCHFs) are unstable, and their primary treatment is surgery. This study sought to evaluate the chance of closed reduction and long arm cast (CR&LAC) treatment of type IIB fractures.

Methods:
In this retrospective case-control study, pediatric patients with WMGC type II fractures whose initial treatment was CR&LAC were examined. Cases were subdivided according to WMGC. Type IIA and IIB cases were compared in terms of the reduction loss rate and clinical and radiologic results. Then, patients with type IIB fractures who were treated conservatively or surgically were compared in terms of clinical and radiologic results.

Results:
A total of 817 pediatric SCHFs were examined, of which 233 had type II fractures. This study finally enrolled 87 cases who met the inclusion criteria, including 52 with type IIA fractures and 35 with type IIB fractures. Among those with type IIB fractures, the first-time reduction success rate was 44.3%. Although the probability of a loss of reduction among type IIB fractures in conservative follow-up was ~5 times higher than that among type IIA fractures, all the cases with reduction loss were detected among the first-week controls, and 9 of them were type IIB and 3 were type IIA (P=0.011). The treatment of 26 (32.9%) cases with type IIB fractures was completed conservatively. There was no difference in the clinical or radiologic comparison results of type IIA and type IIB fractures whose treatment was completed conservatively. There was no clinical or radiologic difference in the comparison of type IIB fractures whose treatment began with CR&LAC but was completed conservatively or surgically.

Conclusions:
Although the initial reduction success is not high among WMGC type IIB fractures, the results are like those of conservatively managed type IIA fractures if successful reduction is achieved. This study showed that the treatment results of all type II SCHFs with no loss of reduction in the first week after CR&LAC are satisfactory. No reduction loss was observed in any of the cases after the first week.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, case-control study.
Same-Day Patient Consultation and Cochlear Implantation: Patient Experiences and Barriers to Implementation
Authors: Patro Ankita , Haynes David S. , Perkins Elizabeth L. 
Published: July 2022

Objective
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of same-day cochlear implant (SDCI) evaluation and surgery in improving patient experience.

Patients
Adult CI candidates participated in this study.

Interventions
Education materials and communication with providers were offered via telephone, e-mail, and/or telemedicine. Patients then arrived for in-person consultation, imaging studies, and outpatient CI surgery in one visit and received a 3-month postoperative survey.

Main Outcome Measures
Preoperative hearing, referral-to-surgery time, travel burden, and patient satisfaction were included as outcome measures.

Results
Of 35 patients who qualified, 14 were successfully contacted regarding the same-day program: 9 underwent CI, 1 enrolled but did not ultimately meet candidacy criteria, and 4 declined because of coronavirus and/or active medical conditions and did not pursue a CI. For the nine patients who underwent SDCI, mean age was 78 years, and mean preoperative consonant–nucleus–consonant score was 16% in the implanted ear. Mean referral-to-surgery time was 103 days and, after accounting for cancellations because of coronavirus, was 52 days. Mean travel distance to institution was 234 miles. Of the seven patients who completed the follow-up survey, none felt rushed for surgery, and mean program experience was rated 8.6 out of 10. Net promoter score was positive (+72), supporting high experience favorability among patients. Barriers to program expansion included patient recruitment and education, surgery scheduling, and the coronavirus pandemic.

Conclusions
No patients declined the SDCI program to pursue traditional CI evaluation, and all patients were satisfied with their experience. The SDCI program is a feasible and successful model that overcomes barriers to implantation, including travel burden, and improves access to care.
Evaluation of paediatric immune thrombocytopenia patients with clinical and laboratory findings: emphasizing the role of monocytosis
Authors: Akyol Şefika , Tüfekçi Özlem , Yılmaz Şebnem , Ören Hale 
Published: July 2022

We aimed to investigate the relationship between demographics, clinical features, laboratory findings including monocytosis and clinical course in children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).
Data of 100 ITP patients were analysed. Complete blood count findings of the patients at certain time points were evaluated to classify the disease as acute, persistent and chronic.
An effect of sex on chronicity was not observed (P = 0.166). Of the patients enrolled in the study, 38% (n = 38) had chronic course. The mean age of patients with the chronic course was 7 ± 4.1 years, which was significantly higher than the other groups (P = 0.007). Sixty-five percent (n = 13) of the patients presenting with mucosal bleeding and 27.4% (n = 20) of the patients presenting with skin bleeding became chronic (P = 0.008). MPV was found to be significantly high in chronic ITP patients (P = 0.049). Monocytosis was noted in 80% of the patients at diagnosis. Intravenous immunoglobulin was used in 84% of the patients with acute ITP; 33% of them developed chronic ITP.
The age at diagnosis, presence of mucosal bleeding and increased MPV on admission were high-risk factors for the development of the chronic course. Monocytosis was detected in 80% of the patients on admission, and it may play a role in the pathogenesis of ITP.
The Association Between Opioid Use and Opioid Type and the Clinical Course and Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Elias Adi , Korytny Alexander , Klein Amir , Khoury Yara , Ben Hur Dana , Braun Eyal , Azzam Zaher S. , Ghersin Itai 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
Basic science studies suggest that opioids aggravate disease severity and outcomes in acute pancreatitis. We sought to determine the association of opioid use and opioid type with the clinical course and outcome of acute pancreatitis.

Methods
In this retrospective single-center observational study, we included all adult patients admitted with acute pancreatitis between 2008 and 2021. Patients were classified into 3 groups based on analgesia type: morphine, noonmorphine opioid, and nonopioid.

Results
We included 2308 patients. Of the patients, 343 (14.9%) were treated with morphine, 733 (31.8%) were treated with nonmorphine opioids, and 1232 (53.4%) patients were in the nonopioid group. The incidence of 30-day mortality did not differ significantly between study groups: 3.9%, 2.9%, and 4.4% in the nonopioid, nonmorphine-opioid, and morphine groups, respectively (P = 0.366).
In multivariate analysis, the composite end point consisting of 30-day mortality, invasive ventilation, emergent abdominal surgery, and need for vasopressors was significantly more likely to occur in the morphine group than in the nonopioid group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.598; P = 0.01).

Conclusions
Mortality among acute pancreatitis patients did not differ significantly between patients receiving morphine, nonmorphine opioids, and nonopioids. However, morphine treatment was associated with higher rates of some serious adverse events.
Early Recurrence Detection of Glioma Using 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT
Authors: García Vicente Ana María , Amo-Salas Mariano , Sandoval Valencia Hernán , Lozano Setien Elena , Soriano Castrejón Ángel María 
Published: July 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in the early diagnosis of tumor recurrence, increasing the diagnosis confidence of MRI.

Methods
Patients with a previous gross total resection of glioma and the first suspicious or doubtful for recurrence MRI were prospectively included and subjected to 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT. An independent and combined assessment of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT and multimodal MRI was performed classifying the studies as positive or negative for tumor recurrence. Final diagnosis (recurrence or not) was obtained by histological confirmation or clinical and imaging follow-up. The relation of SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratio with progression, the diagnostic performance of imaging techniques, and their concordance (κ Cohen) were analyzed.

Results
Twenty-four studies on 21 patients were assessed. Recurrence was diagnosed in 20 cases. PET/CT was positive in 23 cases (3 false positive), whereas MRI was positive in 15 cases (1 false positive). MRI was false negative in 6 cases. There was no false negative on 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT. Accuracy of PET/CT versus MRI was 87.5% and 70.8%, respectively. The combined evaluation of both techniques did not show any advantage with respect to PET/CT results alone. The concordance between both imaging techniques was low (κ = 0.135; P = 0.375). SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratio were related to recurrence (areas under the curve of 0.844 [P = 0.033] and 0.869 [P = 0.022], respectively).

Conclusions

18F-fluorocholine PET/CT was helpful for increasing the diagnostic confidence in the cases of MRI doubtful for recurrence in order to avoid a delayed diagnosis.
Looking Beyond Physical Disability: Cognitive Impairment in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lott Shelley , Koszalinski Rebecca , Hurt Maria , Harris Robin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Cognitive impairment (CI) is an underestimated part of disability in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The purpose of this evidence-based project was to influence clinicians treating PwMS by education of the current guidelines on cognition and multiple sclerosis and to screen CI with a valid neuropsychological tool.

Methods
Staff were educated on the 2018 National Multiple Sclerosis Society guidelines about CI in PwMS. The Processing Speed Test (PST) measured CI.

Results
Of 50 eligible patients in a 3-month period, 21 (42%) PwMS were cognitively screened. Of the 21 enrolled patients, nine (42.9%) patients were cognitively impaired. Employed patients’ PST scores tended to be higher than unemployed patients. As age increased, PST raw scores decreased.

Conclusions
In this project, less than half of eligible patients received cognitive screening after an extensive education program. Thus, education alone was not sufficient to change behavior. Other strategies to influence change may be more effective.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Negro Alessandra , Villa Giulia , Rolandi Stefano , Lucchini Alberto , Bambi Stefano 
Published: July 2022

The incidence of COVID-19 gastrointestinal manifestations has been reported to range from 3% to 61%. There are limited data on the incidence rates and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in patients with COVID-19. A rapid review has been designed to investigate whether there is a relationship between COVID-19 and GIB in adult patients. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases have been analyzed. A total of 129 studies were found; 29 full texts were analyzed, and of these, 20 were found to be relevant to the topic.
The key findings of the included studies present an overall GIB rate in COVID-19 patients ranging from 1.1% to 13%. The bleeding involves mucosal damage of the duodenum, stomach, colon, and rectum. The management of gastrointestinal bleeding could be conservative. The use of fecal diversion systems for the management of diarrhea in COVID-19 patients should be minimized and closely evaluated for the risk of rectal mucosal damages and erosions. It is recommended to provide an accurate nutritional assessment; an early setting up of enteral nutrition, if not contraindicated, can help protect the gut mucosa of patients and restore normal intestinal flora. Larger cohort studies are needed to increase the information about this topic.
Long-term Transplant Function After Thrombolytic Treatment Ex Vivo of Donated Kidneys Retrieved 4 to 5 H After Circulatory Death
Authors: Olausson Michael , Antony Deepti , Johansson Martin , Travnikova Galina , Nayakawde Nikhil B. , Banerjee Debashish , Mackay Søfteland John , Ognissanti Damiano , Andresen Bergström Moa , Hammarsten Ola , Premaratne Goditha U. 
Published: July 2022

Background.
Using a novel thrombolytic technique, we present long-term transplant function, measured by creatinine and iohexol clearance, after utilizing kidneys from porcine donors with uncontrolled donation after circulatory deaths, with 4.5–5 h of warm ischemia.

Methods.
Pigs in the study group were subjected to simulated circulatory death. After 2 h, ice slush was inserted into the abdomen and 4.5 h after death, the kidneys were retrieved. Lys-plasminogen, antithrombin-III, and alteplase were injected through the renal arteries on the back table. Subsequent ex vivo perfusion was continued for 3 h at 15°C, followed by 3 h with red blood cells at 32°C, and then transplanted into pigs as an autologous graft as only renal support. Living-donor recipient pigs that did not receive ex vivo perfusion, and unilateral nephrectomized pigs served as the controls.

Results.
Pigs in the study group (n = 13), surviving 10 d or more were included, of which 7 survived for 3 mo. Four animals in the living-donor group (n = 6) and all 5 nephrectomized animals survived for 3 mo. Creatinine levels in the plasma and urine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels, Kidney Injury Marker-1 expression, and iohexol clearance at 3 mo did not differ significantly between the study and living-donor groups. Histology and transmission electron microscopy after 3 mo showed negligible fibrosis and no other damage.

Conclusions.
The present method salvages kidneys from extended unontrolled donation after circulatory death using thrombolytic treatment while preserving histology and enabling transplantation after ex vivo reconditioning, with clinically acceptable late function after 3 mo, as measured by creatinine and iohexol clearance.
The Effects of RNA.DNA-DNA Triple Helices on Nucleosome Structures and Dynamics
Authors: Kohestani Havva , Wereszczynski Jeff 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTNon-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an emerging epigenetic factor and have been recognized as playing a key role in many gene expression pathways. Structurally, binding of ncRNAs to isolated DNA is strongly dependent on sequence complementary, and results in the formation of an RNA.DNA-DNA (RDD) triple helix. However, in vivo DNA is not isolated, but is packed in chromatin fibers, the fundamental unit of which is the nucleosome. Biochemical experiments have shown that ncRNA binding to nucleosomal DNA is elevated at DNA entry and exit sites and is dependent on the presence of the H3 N-terminal tails. However, the structural and dynamical bases for these mechanisms remains unknown. Here, we have examined the mechanisms and effects of RDD formation in the context of the nucleosome using a series of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Results highlight the importance of DNA sequence on complex stability, elucidate the effects of the H3 tails on RDD structures, show how RDD formation impacts the structure and dynamics of the H3 tails, and show how RNA alters the local and global DNA double helical structure. Together, our results suggest ncRNAs can modify nucleosome, and potentially higher-order chromatin, structures and dynamics as a means of exerting epigenetic control.SIGNIFICANCENon-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an essential role in gene regulation by binding to DNA and forming RNA.DNA-DNA (RDD) triple helices. In the cell, this occurs in the context where DNA is not a free double helix but is instead condensed into chromatin fibers. At the fundamental level, this compaction involves wrapping approximately 147 DNA basepairs around eight histone proteins to form the nucleosome. Here, we have used molecular dynamics simulations to understand the interplay between the structure and dynamics of RDD triple helices with the nucleosome. Results highlight the importance of RNA sequence on RDD stability regardless of its environment and suggest potential mechanisms for cross-talk between epigenetic factors and the effects of ncRNA binding on local and higher-order chromatin structures.
Class switch towards non-inflammatory IgG isotypes after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Irrgang Pascal , Gerling Juliane , Kocher Katharina , Lapuente Dennis , Steininger Philipp , Wytopil Monika , Schäfer Simon , Habenicht Katharina , Zhong Jahn , Ssebyatika George , Krey Thomas , Falcone Valeria , Schülein Christine , Peter Antonia Sophia , Nganou-Makamdop Krystelle , Hengel Hartmut , Held Jürgen , Bogdan Christian , Überla Klaus , Schober Kilian , Winkler Thomas H. , Tenbusch Matthias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRepeated mRNA vaccinations are an efficient tool to combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. High levels of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2-antibodies are an important component of vaccine-induced immunity. Shortly after the first or second mRNA vaccine dose, the IgG response mainly consists of the pro-inflammatory isotypes IgG1 and IgG3 and is driven by T helper (Th) 1 cells. Here, we report that several months after the second vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were increasingly composed of non-inflammatory IgG2 and particularly IgG4, which were further boosted by a third mRNA vaccination and/or SARS-CoV-2 variant breakthrough infections. While IgG antibodies were affinity matured and of high neutralization capacity, the switch in constant domains caused changes in fragment crystallizable (Fc)-receptor mediated effector functions, including a decreased capacity to facilitate phagocytosis. IgG4 induction was neither induced by Th2 cells nor observed after homologous or heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with adenoviral vectors. In addition, IgG2- and IgG4-producing memory B cells were phenotypically indistinguishable from IgG1- or IgG3-producing cells. Since Fc-mediated effector functions are critical for antiviral immunity, the described class switch towards non-inflammatory IgG isotypes, which otherwise rarely occurs after vaccination or viral infection, may have consequences for the choice and timing of vaccination regimens using mRNA vaccines.
Expression of specific HLA class II alleles is associated with an increased risk for active tuberculosis and a distinct gene expression profile
Authors: Chihab Leila Y. , Kuan Rebecca , Phillips Elizabeth J. , Mallal Simon A. , Rozot Virginie , Davis Mark M. , Scriba Thomas J. , Sette Alessandro , Peters Bjoern , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S. ,   the SATVI Study Group
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral HLA allelic variants have been associated with protection from or susceptibility to infectious and autoimmune diseases. Here, we examined whether specific HLA alleles would be associated with different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection outcomes. The HLA alleles present at the -A, -B, -C, -DPA1, -DPB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DRB1, and -DRB3/4/5 loci were determined in a cohort of 636 individuals with known Mtb infection outcomes from South Africa and the US. Among these individuals, 233 were QuantiFERON (QFT) negative, and 433 were QFT positive, indicating Mtb exposure. Of these, 99 QFT positive participants either had active tuberculosis (TB) upon enrollment or were diagnosed in the past. We found that DQA1*03:01, DPB1*04:02, and DRB4*01:01 were significantly more frequent in individuals with active TB (susceptibility alleles), as judged by Odds Ratios and associated p-values, while DPB1*105:01 was associated with protection from active TB. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) from a subset of individuals were stimulated with Mtb antigens, revealing individuals who express any of the three susceptibility alleles were associated with lower magnitude of responses. Furthermore, we defined a gene signature associated with individuals expressing the susceptibility alleles that was characterized by lower expression of APC-related genes. In summary, we have identified specific HLA alleles associated with susceptibility to active TB and found that the expression of these alleles was associated with a decreased Mtb-specific T cell response and a specific gene expression signature. These results will help understand individual risk factors in progressing to active TB.