bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the online gig economy beyond national reach? A European analysis
Authors: van Slageren Jaap , Herrmann Andrea M , Frenken Koen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the emergence of the online gig economy, computer-based jobs can be completed by gig workers around the world. This raises the question whether the labour market for online gigs is truly boundless as distance no longer matters. Based on gravity models, we investigate the effect of geographical, institutional and cultural distance on almost 30 000 platform hirings between 26 European countries. While we find that online gig platforms are used to off-shore work from high- to low-wage countries, the online gig economy is not boundless as gig workers are still preferably hired from geographically close economies. A common language furthermore facilitates hirings between countries. Interestingly, though, differences in formal and informal institutions hardly affect hiring patterns across countries, suggesting that online platforms create their own institutional framework. We conclude that the online gig economy constitutes neither a boundless nor a frictionless labour market, implying that its promise of creating equal access to job opportunities is exaggerated.
E2F1 regulates miR-215-5p to aggravate paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis via repressing BMPR2 expression
Authors: Huang Jie , Cao Yan , Li Xiang , Yu Fang , Han Xiaotong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary fibrosis is considered to be an irreversible lung injury, which can be caused by paraquat (PQ) poisoning. MiRNAs have been demonstrated crucial roles in pulmonary fibrosis caused by numerous approaches including PQ induction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and the underlying mechanism of miR-215 in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Methods
The cell and animal models of pulmonary fibrosis were established through PQ intervention. Cell viability was performed to test by MTT assay. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect COL1A1 expression and its location. The relationships among E2F1, miR-215-5p, and BMPR2 were validated by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation. Lung morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results
MiR-215-5p was upregulated in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. MiR-215-5p silencing relieved PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis progression by enhancing cell viability and reducing the expression of fibrosis-related markers (COL1A1, COL3A1, and α-SMA). Mechanistically, miR-215-5p directly targeted BMRP2. BMPR2 knockdown abolished the suppressive effects of miR-215-5p knockdown on PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, E2F1 interacted with miR-215-5p promoter and positively regulated miR-215-5p expression. E2F1 downregulation reduced miR-215-5p level and promoted BMPR2 level via regulating TGF-β/Smad3 pathway, and then suppressed PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis, whereas these effects were compromised by miR-215-5p sufficiency.

Conclusion
MiR-215-5p was activated by E2F1 to repress BMPR2 expression and activate TGF-β/Smad3 pathway, which aggravated PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis progression. Targeting the E2F1/miR-215-5p/BMPR2 axis might be a new approach to alleviate PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Osteoporosis as a Risk Factor for Intraoperative Complications and Long-term Instrumentation Failure in Patients With Scoliotic Spinal Deformity
Authors: Mugge Luke , DeBacker Dang Danielle , Caras Andrew , Dang John V. , Diekemper Noah , Green Barth A. , Gjolaj Joseph P. , Fanous Andrew A. 
Published: September 2022

Study Design.
A retrospective review study.

Objective.
This study aims to determine the effect of osteoporosis on spine instrumentation.

Summary of Background Data.
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal pathology that affects systemic cortical bone maintenance and remodeling. This disease accelerates the degeneration of the spine, often necessitating spinal surgery for progressive vertebral deformity, pathologic fracture, bony canal stenosis, and/or neural element decompression. There is a paucity of literature describing the role of osteoporosis as it relates to both perioperative complications and outcomes after spine fusion surgery.

Materials and Methods.
A retrospective review was conducted of a prospectively maintained database for patients undergoing spine surgery between January 1, 2006 and October 3, 2017. Inclusion criteria included age 18 years and above and surgery performed for the correction of thoracolumbar scoliosis. Data collected included various demographic, clinical, and operative variables.

Results.
A total of 532 patients met inclusion criteria, including 144 (27%) patients with a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was significantly associated with increased blood volume loss (P=0.003). Postoperatively, osteoporosis was associated with increased rates of instrumentation failure (19% vs. 10%; P=0.008) and the need for revision surgery (33% vs. 16%; P<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed osteoporosis to be an independent risk factor for increased mean number of spinal segments fused (P<0.05), mean blood volume loss (P<0.05), rate of postoperative deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (P<0.05), rate of instrumentation failure (P<0.05), and need for revision surgery (P<0.05).

Conclusion.
Osteoporosis is a significant risk factor for instrumentation failure and need for revision surgery following arthrodesis for scoliosis correction. Furthermore, patients with osteoporosis have a significantly higher risk of intraoperative blood volume loss and postoperative thromboembolic events.
Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Versus Impella in Managing Cardiogenic Shock After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Reist Rachel E. , Seidt Kathleen A. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Despite early revascularization and supportive medical therapies, acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock (AMICS) remains the leading cause of death in patient's with myocardial infarction. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has been the device of choice for these patients but has failed to show mortality benefit over medical therapy alone. The Impella (AbioMed, Danvers, Massachusetts) is a more recently developed alternative in bridging patients to recovery.

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate available evidence comparing mortality with the use of Impella (2.0 or CP) versus IABP in patients with AMICS.

Methods
PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched to find articles comparing the outcomes of IABP versus Impella in AMICS patients. A total of 7 articles met the inclusion criteria.

Results
Thirty-day mortality was the primary outcome observed. Secondary outcomes included myocardial recovery and complications from device implantation. All studies support that there is no statistically significant reduction in mortality when utilizing the Impella over the IABP.

Discussion
Further research in an adequately powered randomized clinical trial is needed to shed light on the clinical characteristics of patients after AMICS who would benefit from 1 type of mechanical circulatory support over another. The therapy chosen is determined by provider discretion and skill set, as well as device availability. It is important for all care team members, including the critical care nurse, to understand the implications and complications associated with each therapy, so care can be catered to the individual patient's needs.
Fever and Knee Effusion in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Jafari Kaileen , Woodward George A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The pediatric patient with fever and knee effusion is always a cause for clinical concern. A thorough history and physical examination is required to guide appropriate diagnostic evaluation and management. Although pediatric knee effusions are common in the setting of trauma, the presence of fever should prompt consideration of infectious, rheumatologic, vasculitic, and malignant etiologies. This review covers the key components of the history, physical examination, diagnostic strategies, common etiologies, and initial management of the pediatric patient with fever and knee effusion.
Epidemiology of Pediatric Hand Injury at a Pediatric Department in Japan
Authors: Fukumasa Hiroshi , Kobayashi Masashi , Okahata Yoshinori , Nishiyama Kazutaka 
Published: September 2022

Objective
The hands and fingers are frequently injured among children. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of hand and finger injuries among Japanese children and identify preventive strategies.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of data of pediatric patients who visited the Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital in Japan, between April 2018 and March 2019. All patients 15 years or younger who experienced hand and finger trauma were included. Data on age, sex, injured part, location of the incident, mechanism of injury, objects, diagnosis, consultation with specialists, treatments, and outcomes were collected and analyzed by classifying the participants based on age into the following 5 age groups: younger than 1, 1 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 10, and 11 to 15 years.

Results
A total of 554 patients were included in this study (male, 57.2%; median age, 4.5 years). The most commonly injured part of the hand was the index finger (22.4%), followed by the middle (18.9%) and ring (16.8%) fingers. A total of 111 patients (15.1%) had palm or dorsal hand injuries. Burn by touching hot objects at home was the leading cause of injuries to the palms during infancy, whereas door-related contusion and abrasion of the index, middle, and ring fingers were most common in preschool children. Sports-related fingertip fractures and sprains most frequently occurred in the thumb and little fingers of school children. Approximately half of the patients (53.3%) did not require any specific treatment. Most patients (98.2%) were treated at the outpatient department.

Conclusions
This study provides the epidemiology of age-specific hand and finger injuries among Japanese children. Therefore, the childhood hand and finger injury prevention strategy should focus on age as a characteristic.
Effects of blood pressure and arterial stiffness on retinal neurodegeneration: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from UK Biobank and Chinese cohorts
Authors: Huang Yining , Yuan Yixiong , Wang Yujie , Hui Ziwen , Shang Xianwen , Chen Yanping , Zhang Siran , Liao Huan , Chen Yifan , He Mingguang , Zhu Zhuoting , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRetinal neurodegeneration, an easily accessible biomarker of dementia risk, is exacerbated by age and hypertension; however, the relative roles of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DPB) remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between BP and atherosclerosis levels along with the different retinal neurodegeneration parameters.MethodsThis study used cross-sectional data from the United Kingdom (UK) BioBank (UKB) and longitudinal data from the Chinese Ocular Imaging Project (COIP). The macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (mGCIPLT) and macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (mRNFLT) were measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging. Swept-source optical coherence tomography was performed at each follow-up visit to obtain the longitudinal trajectory of the mGCIPLT and peripapillary RNFLT (pRNFLT) in the COIP cohort. Multivariable linear models were used to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between BP metrics and retinal measurements.ResultsIn a cross-sectional analysis of 22,801 participants from the UKB, thinner mGCIPLT was related to older age (per 10 years, β = −0.274, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.358 to −0.189, p < 0.001), female sex (female vs male, β = −0.897, 95% CI: −1.031 to −0.763, p = 0.000), higher SBP (per 10 mmHg increase, β = −0.085, 95% CI: −0.125 to −0.045, p = 0.000), and higher DBP (per 10 mmHg increase, β = −0.105, 95% CI: −0.174 to −0.036, p = 0.003), and was significantly associated with higher mean arterial pressure (MAP per 10 mmHg increase, β = −0.116, 95% CI: −0.176, −0.056, p = 0.000) and higher mean pulse pressure (MPP per 10 mmHg increase, β = −0.099, 95% CI: −0.155, −0.043, p = 0.001). In a longitudinal analysis of 2,012 eligible COIP participants, higher levels of baseline SBP, DBP, MAP, and MPP were associated with faster thinning in mGCIPLT and pRNFLT (all p < 0.001). The strongest association was with MAP, which produced an effect on mGCIPLT (β = −0.118, 95% CI: −0.175 to −0.061, p < 0.001) per 10 mmHg increase, comparable to a 5-year increase in age (β = −0.210, 95% CI: −0.282 to −0.138, p < 0.001). The results of the analysis of mRNFL and pRNFL were consistent with those of mGCIPLT.ConclusionBP levels were independently and consistently associated with various retinal neurodegenerative exacerbations, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, regardless of the race and disease status. BP plays a key role in neurodegeneration, and long-term prevention in the population requires the control of BP levels.Graphic abstract
Investigation of the genus Flavobacterium as a reservoir for fish-pathogenic bacterial species: the case of Flavobacterium collinsii
Authors: Lee Bo-Hyung , Nicolas Pierre , Saticioglu Izzet Burcin , Fradet Benjamin , Bernardet Jean-François , Rigaudeau Dimitri , Rochat Tatiana , Duchaud Eric 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBacteria of the genus Flavobacterium are recovered from a large variety of environments. Among the described species, Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Flavobacterium columnare are causing considerable losses in fish farms. Alongside these well-known fish-pathogenic species, isolates belonging to the same genus recovered from diseased or apparently healthy wild, feral, and farmed fish have been suspected to be pathogenic. Here, we report the identification and genomic characterization of a F. collinsii isolate (TRV642) retrieved from rainbow trout spleen. A phylogenetic tree of the genus built by aligning the core genome of 195 Flavobacterium species revealed that F. collinsii is standing within a cluster of species associated to diseased fish, the closest one being F. tructae which was recently confirmed as pathogenic. We evaluated the pathogenicity of F. collinsii TRV642 as well as of F. bernardetii F-372T, another recently described species reported as a possible emerging pathogen. Following intramuscular injection challenges in rainbow trout, no clinical signs nor mortalities were observed. However, F. collinsii was isolated from the internal organs of wounded fish, suggesting that the bacterium could invade fish under compromised conditions such as stress and/or wounds. Our results suggest that some fish-associated Flavobacterium species should be considered as opportunistic fish pathogens causing disease under specific circumstances.IMPORTANCEAquaculture has expanded significantly worldwide in the last decades and accounts for half of human fish consumption. However, infectious fish diseases are a major bottleneck for its sustainable development and an increasing number of bacterial species from diseased fish raise a great concern. The current study revealed phylogenetic associations with ecological niches among the Flavobacterium species. We also focused on Flavobacterium collinsii that belongs to a group of putative pathogenic species. The genome contents revealed a versatile metabolic repertoire suggesting the use of diverse nutrient sources, a characteristic of saprophytic or commensal bacteria. In a rainbow trout experimental challenge, the bacterium colonized only oppressed fish facing stressful conditions suggesting opportunistic pathogenic behavior. This study highlights the importance of experimentally evaluating the pathogenicity of the numerous bacterial species retrieved from diseased fish.
Inhibition of the ATM kinase rescues planarian regeneration after lethal radiation
Authors: Shiroor Divya A. , Wang Kuang-Tse , Sanketi Bhargav D. , Tapper Justin K. , Adler Carolyn E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs stem cells divide, they acquire mutations that can be passed on to daughter cells. To limit the possibility of propagating mutations, cells activate the DNA damage response (DDR) network, which dictates whether cells repair DNA or undergo apoptosis. At the helm of the DDR are three PI3-like kinases including Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM). We report here that knockdown of ATM in planarian flatworms enables stem cells, which normally undergo apoptosis after radiation exposure, to survive lethal doses of radiation. In this context, stem cells circumvent apoptosis, replicate their DNA, and recover function using homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Despite radiation exposure, atm knockdown animals survive long-term and regenerate new tissues. These effects occur independently of ATM’s canonical downstream effector p53. Together, our results demonstrate that ATM’s primary function is to drive apoptosis, and suggest that inhibition of ATM could therefore potentially favor cell survival after radiation without adverse effects.
ePlatypus: an ecosystem for computational analysis of immunogenomics data
Authors: Kreiner Victor , Agrafiotis Andreas , Cotet Tudor-Stefan , Kuhn Raphael , Shlesinger Danielle , Manero-Carranza Marcos , Khodaverdi Keywan , Massery Solène , Guerci Lorenzo , Hong Kai-Lin , Han Jiami , Stiklioraitis Kostas , D’Arcy Vittoria Martinolli , Dizerens Raphael , Kilchenmann Samuel , Stalder Lucas , Nissen Leon , Vogelsanger Basil , Anzböck Stine , Laslo Daria , Kondorosy Melinda , Venerito Marco , García Alejandro Sanz , Feller Isabelle , Oxenius Annette , Reddy Sai T. , Yermanos Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe maturation of systems immunology methodologies requires novel and transparent computational frameworks capable of integrating diverse data modalities in a reproducible manner. Here, we present the ePlatypus computational immunology ecosystem for immunogenomics data analysis, with a focus on adaptive immune repertoires and single-cell sequencing. ePlatypus is a web-based platform and provides programming tutorials and an integrative database that elucidates selection patterns of adaptive immunity. Furthermore, the ecosystem links novel and established bioinformatics pipelines relevant for single-cell immune repertoires and other aspects of computational immunology such as predicting ligand-receptor interactions, structural modeling, simulations, machine learning, graph theory, pseudotime, spatial transcriptomics and phylogenetics. The ePlatypus ecosystem helps extract deeper insight in computational immunology and immunogenomics and promote open science.Accessibilityhttps://alexyermanos.github.io/Platypus/index.html
TRAF6 modulates PD-L1 expression through YAP1-TFCP2 signaling in melanoma
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Linglu , Han Yuhang , Tsai Hsiang-i , Shu Fan , Xu Zhanxue , He Chao , Zhu Haitao , Chen Hongbo , Cheng Fang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy represented by the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies has led tumor treatment into a new era. However, the low overall response rate and high incidence of drug resistance largely damage the clinical benefits of existing immune checkpoint therapies. Recent studies correlate the response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with PD-L1 expression levels in tumor cells. Hence, identifying molecular targets and pathways controlling PD-L1 protein expression and stability in tumor cells is a major priority.MethodsIn this study, we first performed a Stress and Proteostasis CRISPR interference library-based screening to identify PD-L1 positive modulators. We then used in vitro and in vivo assays to investigate the biological function and mechanism of TRAF6 and its downstream YAP1/TFCP2 signaling in malignant melanoma.ResultsHere, we identified TRAF6 as a critical regulator of PD-L1 in melanoma cells. Suppression of TRAF6 expression down-regulates PD-L1 expression on the membrane surface of melanoma cells. We also found that PD-L1 protein abundance is regulated by YAP1/TFCP2 transcriptional complex. TRAF6 stabilizes YAP1 by K63 poly-ubiquitination modification, subsequently promoting the formation of YAP1/TFCP2 and PD-L1 transcription. Furthermore, inhibition of TRAF6 by Bortezomib enhanced cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells by reduction of endogenous PD-L1. Notably, Bortezomib enhances anti-tumor immunity to an extent that is comparable to anti-PD-1 mAb therapies with no obvious toxicity.ConclusionsThese findings uncover a novel molecular mechanism for regulating PD-L1 protein abundance by a E3 ligase in cancer cells and reveal the potential of using TRAF6 inhibitors to stimulate internal anti-tumor immunological effect for TRAF6-PD-L1 overexpressing cancers.
Structural insights into TRAP association with ribosome-Sec61 complex, and translocon inhibition by a CADA derivative
Authors: Pauwels Eva , Shewakramani Neesha R. , De Wijngaert Brent , Camps Anita , Provinciael Becky , Stroobants Joren , Kalies Kai-Uwe , Hartmann Enno , Maes Piet , Vermeire Kurt , Das Kalyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuring co-translational translocation, the signal peptide of a nascent chain binds Sec61 translocon to initiate protein transport through the ER membrane. Our cryo-EM structure of ribosome-Sec61 shows binding of an ordered heterotetrameric TRranslocon-Associated Protein (TRAP) complex, in which TRAP-γ is anchored at two adjacent positions of 28S rRNA and interacts with ribosomal protein L38 and Sec61α/γ. Four transmembrane helices (TMHs) of TRAP-γ cluster with one C-terminal helix of each α, β, and δ subunits. The seven TMH bundle helps position a crescent-shaped trimeric TRAP–α/β/δ core in the ER lumen, facing the Sec61 channel. Further, our in vitro assay establishes the CADA derivative CK147 as a translocon inhibitor. A structure of ribosome-Sec61-CK147 reveals CK147 binding the channel and interacting with the plug helix from the lumenal side. The CK147-resistance mutations surround the inhibitor. These structures help in understanding the TRAP functions and provide a new Sec61 site for designing translocon inhibitors.Short SummaryCryo-EM structures reveal TRAP binding to ribosome-Sec61 complex, and CK147 inhibiting Sec61 by arresting the plug helix inside the channel.
A linear SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine candidate reduces virus shedding in ferrets
Authors: Martins Mathias , do Nascimento Gabriela M. , Conforti Antonella , Noll Jessica C.G. , Impellizeri Joseph A. , Sanchez Elisa , Wagner Bettina , Lione Lucia , Salvatori Erika , Pinto Eleonora , Compagnone Mirco , Viscount Brian , Hayward James , Shorrock Clay , Aurisicchio Luigi , Diel Diego G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused more than 600 million cases and over 6 million deaths worldwide. Vaccination has been the main strategy used to contain the spread of the virus, and to avoid hospitalizations and deaths. Currently, there are two mRNA-based and one adenovirus vectored vaccines approved and available for use in the U.S. population. The versatility, low cost and rapid-to-manufacture attributes of DNA vaccines are important advantages over other platforms. However, DNA vaccination must meet higher efficiency levels for use in humans. Importantly, in vivo DNA delivery combined with electroporation (EP) has been successfully used in the veterinary field. Here we evaluated the safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel linear SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine candidate for delivered by intramuscular injection followed by electroporation (Vet-ePorator™) in ferrets. The results demonstrated that the linear SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine candidate did not cause unexpected side effects, and was able to elicit neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses using a low dose of the linear DNA construct in prime-boost regimen, and significantly reduced shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 through oral and nasal secretions in a ferret model.