bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of tongue hair flexural deformation on viscous fluid transport by bees
Authors: Wang Bo , Yang Jinzhao , Zhang Jie , Ke Zetao , Zhang Huafang , Yang Yunqiang , Wu Jianing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A bee’s tongue is coated in dynamic hairs that gradually unfold to entrain the viscid nectar, during which hairs inevitably deflect as a result of fluid drag. The hair deflection induced decline in nectar capture rate may be a coupled elastoviscous problem and remains poorly understood. Here we employed geometric beam theory coupled with the effective viscous force to derive a dynamic model for a rotary tongue hair deflection in a viscous fluid. Considering deflection of the tongue hair, we rationalized the nectar capture rate by taking Bombus
terrestris as a model system. When the nectar concentration increases from 20% to 70%, the nectar capture rate declines by 87%, indicating that hair erection is more severely impeded in thicker nectar. Based on this model, we predicted an optimal hair length with which the bee can reach the maximum nectar capture rate. This work may provide a new theoretical framework for quantifying viscous liquid transport by hairy surfaces and shed light on design methodologies for fluid transport devices using hairy beds.
Cytocompatibility of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells on chitosan/hydroxyapatite/lignin hybrid composite scaffold in vitro
Authors: Kandil Heba , Ekram Basma , Abo-Zeid Mona A M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study aims at fabricating promising cytocompatible hybrid biocomposite scaffolds from chitosan (CS), hydroxyapatite (HAP) and lignin (L) for bone tissue engineering by using freeze-drying technique. Different ratios of HAP to L (50:0, 37.5:12.5, 25:25 and 12.5:37.5) were taken to determine the optimum ratio for obtaining a composite with superior properties. The mechanical and biological properties of the resulting composites were investigated. The mechanical results showed that the prepared composite with a ratio of 25:25 of HAP/L exhibited a remarkable enhancement in the mechanical properties compared to the others. Additionally, it was found from the in vitro results that the addition of L enhanced the water uptake value of the resulting scaffolds indicating their increased hydrophilicity. As a result, a significant increase in the attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cell line (osteoblast like cells) was observed in composite scaffolds with L over the scaffold without L (CS/HAP). From these results, it could be suggested that the prepared composite scaffold with 25:25 of HAP/L is very promising biomaterials in bone tissue-engineering as it exhibited a better mechanical and biological properties than the other prepared composites.
Present global warming: a justifiable and stable metric for evaluating short-lived climate pollutants
Authors: Pomerantz Andrew E , Kleinberg Robert L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The impacts of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) such as methane are typically described using metrics that compare their climate impacts to carbon dioxide’s climate impact. The metrics consider a climate pollutant’s atmospheric heat-trapping effectiveness and atmospheric lifetime. Here we introduce an alternative metric called the Present Global Warming (PGW), which uses economic exponential discount modelling to characterize short-term and long-term effects simultaneously, resulting in a justifiable, familiar, and stable metric for evaluating SLCPs. We recommend quantifying the climate impacts of methane emissions using 2.5% annual discounting—consistent with the discount rates recently proposed in academic work and traditionally used in climate policy—corresponding to methane PGW2.5% = 50. In this context, one ton of emitted methane has the same climate impact as 50 tons of emitted carbon dioxide.
Eigenmodes of aberrated systems: the tilted lens
Authors: Buono Wagner Tavares , Peters Cade , Tau Jacuquline , Nape Isaac , Forbes Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
When light propagates through aberrated optical systems, the resulting degradation in amplitude and phase has deleterious effects, for example, on resolution in imaging, spot sizes in focussing, and the beam quality factor of the output beam. Traditionally, this is either pre- or post-corrected by adaptive optics or phase conjugation. Here, we consider the medium as a complex channel and determine the corresponding eigenmodes which are impervious of the channel perturbation. We employ a quantum-inspired approach and apply it to the tilted lens as our example channel, a highly astigmatic system that is routinely used as a measure of orbital angular momentum. We find the eigenmodes analytically, show their robustness in a practical experiment, and outline how this approach may be extended to arbitrary astigmatic systems.
Coherent control of evanescent waves via beam shaping
Authors: Savino Nicholas J , Leamer Jacob M , Zhang Wenlei , Saripalli Ravi K , Glasser Ryan T , Bondar Denys I 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Evanescent waves are central to many technologies such as near-field imaging that beats the diffraction limit and plasmonic devices. Frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) is an experimental method commonly used to study evanescent waves. In this paper, we shape the incident beam of the FTIR process with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer and measure light transmittance while varying the path length difference and interferometric visibility. Our results show that the transmittance varies with the path length difference and, thus, the intensity distribution of the shaped beam. Experiment and finite element method simulation produce results that agree. We also show, through simulations, that the transmittance can be controlled via other methods of beam shaping. Our work provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of the coherent control of the FTIR process, which could lead to advancements in numerous applications of evanescent waves and FTIR.
Fusion power supply advances by the J-TEXT engineering team
Authors: ZHANG Ming , ZHANG Hongqi , WANG Rumeng , XIE Xiaohan , WANG Wenshan , JIANG Yixing , LI Zhiheng , ZHANG Peilong , WANG Liye , MA Shaoxiang , YANG Yong , ZHENG Wei , RAO Bo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To meet the stringent requirements of the fusion power supply for large-scale fusion devices, the J-TEXT engineering team has carried out key technology research and applications in several important directions of fusion power supply. This article presents the advances made by the J-TEXT engineering team in recent years in the following areas: (1) a high-voltage power supply for an auxiliary heating system; (2) a breakdown protection device for an auxiliary heating power supply; (3) magnetic field compatibility; (4) a high-voltage pulsed power supply for a field-reversed configuration; (5) a large physics experimental facility control system. The research backgrounds, technical progress, test results, applications, summaries and prospects are described in detail in each part. These innovative research results and valuable engineering experience can promote the progress of fusion power supply technology, and also lay a foundation for the development of power supplies with higher parameters in the future.
Subjective Report, Objective Neurocognitive Performance, and “Invisible Symptoms” in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Thomas Garrett A , Riegler Kaitlin E , Bradson Megan L , O’Shea Dede U , Arnett Peter A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSelf- and informant-report measures are often useful in predicting objective cognitive performance; however, the relationship between these reports and mood, anxiety, and fatigue requires further examination. Additionally, it remains unclear as to how these factors might be associated with objective neurocognitive performance.MethodsEighty-six persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS; F = 65, M = 21) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery that included objective neurocognitive measures, subjective reports of neurocognitive function with the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ) Self-Report (MSNQ-S) and Informant-Report (MSNQ-I), and self-report measures of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted with depression, anxiety, the interaction between depression and anxiety, cognitive fatigue, and physical fatigue as predictors. Outcome variables included the MSNQ-S, MSNQ-I, each of five neurocognitive composites, and global intraindividual variability (IIV).ResultsAlthough greater cognitive fatigue was associated with greater reported cognitive dysfunction, it was not associated with objective neurocognitive impairment. Greater depression predicted poorer performance on measures of processing speed and verbal memory, though the effects became non-significant once accounting for anxiety. The interaction between depression and anxiety predicted greater neurocognitive IIV; those with high levels of depression and anxiety demonstrated greater dispersion of scores.ConclusionsCognitive fatigue may skew one’s perception of their cognition, though it is not associated with objective impairment. However, co-occurring depression and anxiety were associated with greater variability which is a marker of poorer neurocognitive integrity. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for depression, anxiety, and cognitive fatigue in PwMS, given that they are all potentially modifiable factors.
PEMT: a patent enrichment tool for drug discovery
Authors: Gadiya Yojana , Zaliani Andrea , Gribbon Philip , Hofmann-Apitius Martin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Drug discovery practitioners in industry and academia use semantic tools to extract information from online scientific literature to generate new insights into targets, therapeutics and diseases. However, due to complexities in access and analysis, patent-based literature is often overlooked as a source of information. As drug discovery is a highly competitive field, naturally, tools that tap into patent literature can provide any actor in the field an advantage in terms of better informed decision-making. Hence, we aim to facilitate access to patent literature through the creation of an automatic tool for extracting information from patents described in existing public resources.

Results
Here, we present PEMT, a novel patent enrichment tool, that takes advantage of public databases like ChEMBL and SureChEMBL to extract relevant patent information linked to chemical structures and/or gene names described through FAIR principles and metadata annotations. PEMT aims at supporting drug discovery and research by establishing a patent landscape around genes of interest. The pharmaceutical focus of the tool is mainly due to the subselection of International Patent Classification codes, but in principle, it can be used for other patent fields, provided that a link between a concept and chemical structure is investigated. Finally, we demonstrate a use-case in rare diseases by generating a gene-patent list based on the epidemiological prevalence of these diseases and exploring their underlying patent landscapes.

Availability and implementation
PEMT is an open-source Python tool and its source code and PyPi package are available at https://github.com/Fraunhofer-ITMP/PEMT and https://pypi.org/project/PEMT/, respectively.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Marginal proportional hazards models for multivariate interval-censored data
Authors: Xu Yangjianchen , Zeng Donglin , Lin D Y 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Multivariate interval-censored data arise when there are multiple types of events or clusters of study subjects, such that the event times are potentially correlated and when each event is only known to occur over a particular time interval. We formulate the effects of potentially time-varying covariates on the multivariate event times through marginal proportional hazards models while leaving the dependence structures of the related event times unspecified. We construct the nonparametric pseudolikelihood under the working assumption that all event times are independent, and we provide a simple and stable EM-type algorithm. The resulting nonparametric maximum pseudolikelihood estimators for the regression parameters are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal, with a limiting covariance matrix that can be consistently estimated by a sandwich estimator under arbitrary dependence structures for the related event times. We evaluate the performance of the proposed methods through extensive simulation studies and present an application to data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
Benchmarking of robotic and laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy by using two different methods
Authors: van Ramshorst Tess M E , Giani Alessandro , Mazzola Michele , Dokmak Safi , Ftériche Fadhel Samir , Esposito Alessandro , de Pastena Matteo , Lof Sanne , Edwin Bjørn , Sahakyan Mushegh , Boggi Ugo , Kauffman Emanuele Federico , Fabre Jean Michel , Souche Regis Francois , Zerbi Alessandro , Butturini Giovanni , Molenaar Quintus , Al-Sarireh Bilal , Marino Marco V , Keck Tobias , White Steven A , Casadei Riccardo , Burdio Fernando , Björnsson Bergthor , Soonawalla Zahir , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Fusai Giuseppe Kito , Pessaux Patrick , Jah Asif , Pietrabissa Andrea , Hackert Thilo , D’Hondt Mathieu , Pando Elizabeth , Besselink Marc G , Ferrari Giovanni , Hilal Mohammad Abu ,   for the European Consortium on Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Benchmarking is an important tool for quality comparison and improvement. However, no benchmark values are available for minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy, either laparoscopically or robotically assisted. The aim of this study was to establish benchmarks for these techniques using two different methods.

Methods
Data from patients undergoing laparoscopically or robotically assisted spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy were extracted from a multicentre database (2006–2019). Benchmarks for 10 outcomes were calculated using the Achievable Benchmark of Care (ABC) and best-patient-in-best-centre methods.

Results
Overall, 951 laparoscopically assisted (77.3 per cent) and 279 robotically assisted (22.7 per cent) procedures were included. Using the ABC method, the benchmarks for laparoscopically assisted and robotically assisted spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy respectively were: 150 and 207 min for duration of operation, 55 and 100 ml for blood loss, 3.5 and 1.7 per cent for conversion, 0 and 1.7 per cent for failure to preserve the spleen, 27.3 and 34.0 per cent for overall morbidity, 5.1 and 3.3 per cent for major morbidity, 3.6 and 7.1 per cent for pancreatic fistula grade B/C, 5 and 6 days for duration of hospital stay, 2.9 and 5.4 per cent for readmissions, and 0 and 0 per cent for 90-day mortality. Best-patient-in-best-centre methodology revealed milder benchmark cut-offs for laparoscopically and robotically assisted procedures, with operating times of 254 and 262.5 min, blood loss of 150 and 195 ml, conversion rates of 5.8 and 8.2 per cent, rates of failure to salvage spleen of 29.9 and 27.3 per cent, overall morbidity rates of 62.7 and 55.7 per cent, major morbidity rates of 20.4 and 14 per cent, POPF B/C rates of 23.8 and 24.2 per cent, duration of hospital stay of 8 and 8 days, readmission rates of 20 and 15.1 per cent, and 90-day mortality rates of 0 and 0 per cent respectively.

Conclusion
Two benchmark methods for minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy produced different values, and should be interpreted and applied differently.
Navigating parenthood in the surgical profession: mixed-methods study
Authors: Vasey Carolyn E , Watson Eleanor G R , Commons Robert J , Liang Rhea , Nestel Debra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Significant barriers exist to surgeons being good parents and parents being good surgeons, and these barriers are heightened for women. Considering the gender balance now present in postgraduate medical schools, it is critical that these barriers are overcome if surgery is to attract and retain applicants. This study aimed to investigate patterns of parenthood in surgery, explore associated attitudes and experiences, and identify barriers and solutions within an Australian and New Zealand context.

Methods
Surgeons and trainees were invited to participate in a survey and focus groups. Quantitative results were described, and textual responses and focus group transcriptions were analysed thematically.

Results
There were 261 survey respondents (62.8 per cent women, 37.2 per cent men) and six focus groups (34 participants). Of the survey respondents, 79.6 per cent of women and 86.5 per cent of men had children. Women were more likely to time childbirth around training or work, and most respondents without children attributed this to their career. Tensions between parenthood and surgery engendered guilt for surgeon-parents. Parenthood was often the ‘elephant in the room’ in training and employment discussions. Breaking the silence around parenthood and surgery made it more acceptable, normalising positive behaviour changes. The major barrier to parenthood and surgery was the lack of flexible training opportunities. Participants called for top-down establishment of mandated, stand-alone, permanent part-time training positions.

Conclusion
Many barriers to parenthood in surgery are created by rigid workplace and professional structures that are reflective of male-dominated historical norms. A willingness to be flexible, innovative and rethink models of training and employment is central to change.
Does Chinese Social Work Students’ Career Intention Match Their Professional Identity? The Role of Background Factors
Authors: Liu Tingting , Yi Songguo , Zhu Yuhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProfessional identity is essential for the career choice of social work. Exploring social work students’ perceptions of professional identity and career intention is necessary to understand the phenomenon of major-to-occupation mismatch in China. The present study involved a national sample of 2,018 social work undergraduates and postgraduates to investigate whether students displayed matching levels of professional identity and career intention and the association with their personal and educational background. To differentiate between social work as a discipline and an occupation, the concept of professional identity was split into two variables: disciplinary and occupational identity. Three groups of students were identified and labelled as having matching perceptions (49.8/44.1 per cent), lower disciplinary/occupational identity and higher career intention (7.8/5.6 per cent) and higher disciplinary/occupational identity and lower career intention (42.5/50.3 per cent), respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that students’ residential area, family economic status, degree programme, grade of study, university category and university location were significantly associated with whether they reported matching levels of professional identity and career intention. The findings can be explained by the imbalanced development of social work education and practice in China, implying the necessity of promoting social work employment benefits and cooperation between academic institutions and service organisations.
MCAM+ brain endothelial cells contribute to neuroinflammation by recruiting pathogenic CD4+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Charabati Marc , Zandee Stephanie , Fournier Antoine P , Tastet Olivier , Thai Karine , Zaminpeyma Roxaneh , Lécuyer Marc-André , Bourbonnière Lyne , Larouche Sandra , Klement Wendy , Grasmuck Camille , Tea Fiona , Zierfuss Bettina , Filali-Mouhim Ali , Moumdjian Robert , Bouthillier Alain , Cayrol Romain , Peelen Evelyn , Arbour Nathalie , Larochelle Catherine , Prat Alexandre 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The trafficking of autoreactive leucocytes across the blood–brain barrier endothelium is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Although the blood–brain barrier endothelium represents one of the main CNS borders to interact with the infiltrating leucocytes, its exact contribution to neuroinflammation remains understudied. Here, we show that Mcam identifies inflammatory brain endothelial cells with pro-migratory transcriptomic signature during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In addition, MCAM was preferentially upregulated on blood–brain barrier endothelial cells in multiple sclerosis lesions in situ and at experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease onset by molecular MRI. In vitro and in vivo, we demonstrate that MCAM on blood–brain barrier endothelial cells contributes to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development by promoting the cellular trafficking of TH1 and TH17 lymphocytes across the blood–brain barrier. Last, we showcase ST14 as an immune ligand to brain endothelial MCAM, enriched on CD4+ T lymphocytes that cross the blood–brain barrier in vitro, in vivo and in multiple sclerosis lesions as detected by flow cytometry on rapid autopsy derived brain tissue from multiple sclerosis patients. Collectively, our findings reveal that MCAM is at the centre of a pathological pathway used by brain endothelial cells to recruit pathogenic CD4+ T lymphocyte from circulation early during neuroinflammation. The therapeutic targeting of this mechanism is a promising avenue to treat multiple sclerosis.
Default mode network scaffolds immature frontoparietal network in cognitive development
Authors: Chen Menglu , He Ying , Hao Lei , Xu Jiahua , Tian Ting , Peng Siya , Zhao Gai , Lu Jing , Zhao Yuyao , Zhao Hui , Jiang Min , Gao Jia-Hong , Tan Shuping , He Yong , Liu Chao , Tao Sha , Uddin Lucina Q , Dong Qi , Qin Shaozheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is a workspace for convergence of internal and external information. The frontal parietal network (FPN) is indispensable to executive functioning. Yet, how they interplay to support cognitive development remains elusive. Using longitudinal developmental fMRI with an n-back paradigm, we show a heterogeneity of maturational changes in multivoxel activity and network connectivity among DMN and FPN nodes in 528 children and 103 young adults. Compared with adults, children exhibited prominent longitudinal improvement but still inferior behavioral performance, which paired with less pronounced DMN deactivation and weaker FPN activation in children, but stronger DMN coupling with FPN regions. Children’s DMN reached an adult-like level earlier than FPN at both multivoxel activity pattern and intranetwork connectivity levels. Intrinsic DMN-FPN internetwork coupling in children mediated the relationship between age and working memory-related functional coupling of these networks, with posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) coupling emerging as most prominent pathway. Coupling of PCC-DLPFC may further work together with task-invoked activity in PCC to account for longitudinal improvement in behavioral performance in children. Our findings suggest that the DMN provides a scaffolding effect in support of an immature FPN that is critical for the development of executive functions in children.