bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in the Patterns of Terrestrial Mammals in Visiting The Natural Salt-Licks At a Tropical Forest
Authors: Mojiol Andy R. , Lim Wing-Shen 
Published: October 2022

Natural salt-licks are visited frequently by various species of terrestrial mammals, but the variability in environmental conditions can modify the mammalian visitation pattern in an inland tropical forest. Given that no similar research has been conducted at Segaliud-Lokan Forest Reserve in Sabah (Malaysia), a scientific research was conducted from July 2019 to February 2020 (eight months), to investigate the effects of variability in the environmental conditions on mammalian visitation patterns to the local natural salt-licks, applying the field assessment and camera trapping techniques. Over all, a total of 12 different mammal species were recorded at four selected salt-licks, and then the visitation frequencies of certain species were confirmed to be significantly influenced by the seasonal variability in rainfall patterns, and also by the variations in onsite and surrounding conditions. Further research is required to validate the influences of variability in explanatory variables that were not included in this scientific study.
Kata kunci (Keywords): Environmental Condition, Natural Salt-lick, Segaliud-Lokan Forest Reserve, Terrestrial Mammals
ASPEK KRIMINOLOGI TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA MENGALIHKAN OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA TANPA PERSETUJUAN TERTULIS TERLEBIH DAHULU DARI PENERIMA FIDUSIA BERDASARKAN PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI TANJUNGKARANG NOMOR : 740/PID.SUS/2020/PN.TJK
Authors: Rusli Tami , Hesti Yulia , Andrianto Heru 
Published: October 2022

A person in a consumer financing agreement with a fiduciary guarantee is prohibited from transferring the object of the fiduciary guarantee to another party without the consent of the fiduciary recipient. This study discusses the problem of what are the factors causing the perpetrator and how criminal responsibility for the perpetrator of a criminal act transfers the object of the fiduciary guarantee without prior written consent from the fiduciary recipient. This study uses a normative juridical approach and an empirical juridical approach. Collecting data by field studies and literature studies. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative juridical manner, namely the analysis was carried out descriptively. Consumer finance companies should control, supervise and review the object of fiduciary security every month so that it can be seen whether the object of the fiduciary guarantee is in the control of the debtor, is not damaged and is not transferred to a third party, thereby reducing the losses that will be suffered by the creditor and is expected to be necessary. there is awareness of the public who enter into consumer financing agreements with fiduciary guarantees to pay more attention to their responsibilities in fulfilling achievements, because acts of breach of contract cannot always be resolved by deliberation. The imposition of imprisonment if it can provide a deterrent effect and become a motivation for good intentions.
Keywords : Criminal Liability, Criminal act, Fiduciary Guarantee
Meningkatkan Ketahanan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Pelatihan Kewirausahaan di Kelurahan Pangkalan Lesung
Authors: Nur DP Emrinaldi , Tambunan Raja Jhuand Mulia , Pratama M. Anggi , Pratami Chanti Anjelica , Putri Yolanda Eka 
Published: October 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara berkembang yang mengalami penurunan ketahanan ekonomi akibat meningkatnya jumlah tenaga kerja namun tidak diiringi oleh penambahan lapangan kerja. Salah satu upaya dalam mencegah hal itu yaitu dengan melakukan pelatihan, penyuluhan, dan pendampingan dalam berwirausaha terkhususnya daerah Pangkalan Lesung. Pangkalan lesung merupakan daerah yang memiliki potensi objek wisata dan sumber daya alam yang tinggi. Tujuan dilakukan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan ketahanan ekonomi dengan pelatihan kewirausahaan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu survei, sosialisasi, dan pelatihan. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu masyarakat antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan yang dilakukan dan keinginan masyarakat untuk membuka usaha atau berwirausaha sangat tinggi.
Kata Kunci : Kewirausahaan, Pangkalan Lesun, Ketahanan Ekonomi, Pelatihan
Athletic Training Preceptors' Levels of Cultural Competence: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: León Zaragoza Elizabeth , Lough Nancy , Samuel Michelle , Girouard Tedd 
Published: October 2022

Context
The field of athletic training promotes cultural competence education to prevent negative consequences in health care that can result from a lack of cultural awareness. While prior studies have assessed cultural competence among faculty, students, and athletic trainers, no study has specifically focused on preceptors.

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess cultural competence among a subsection of athletic training preceptors.

Design and Setting
Cross-sectional online survey.

Patients or Other Participants
Active preceptors from Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) accredited programs in good standing from two districts of the National Athletic Trainer's Association.

Measurements
The Cultural Competency Assessment (CCA) consists of 27 Likert-type response items split into the Culture Awareness and Sensitivity (CAS) subscale and the Cultural Competence Behaviors (CCB) subscale. Higher scores indicate higher cultural competence. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results
Sixty-five preceptors of the estimated 260 were included in the analysis. The combined average score on the CCA was 89.72 ± 11.46 out of 135 (67.9%). A paired-samples t- test revealed that preceptors scored significantly better in the CAS compared to the CCB [t(64) = 12.47, P &lt; .001], with averages of 37.27 ± 3.47 out of 55 (67.77%) and 52.44 ± 10.08 out of 80 (65.5%), respectively.

Conclusions
This study provides data on athletic training preceptor's awareness and behaviors relative to cultural competence. Results demonstrate a need to further develop cultural competence among preceptors. The role of a preceptor has been shown to have a great influence on student development and retention in the profession. Preceptors should be considered as another source of knowledge of cultural competence.
Challenges faced by ethics committee members in India during COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods exploration
Authors: Kadam Abhijit Vasantrao , Patil Sandip , Sane Suvarna , Shahabuddin S.M. , Panda Samiran 
Published: October 2022

Background & objectives:
The COVID-19 pandemic had a distinct impact on scientific research and Ethics Committees (ECs). We conducted a mixed-methods investigation to understand the issues faced and solutions identified by ECs during this pandemic in India.

Methods:
A quantitative online survey form (30 members) and qualitative in-depth interviews (10 members) from various ECs were conducted. Thematic content analysis for qualitative and proportion analysis for quantitative data was carried out.

Results:
During the online survey, an average difficulty score, which was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale, was 5.3 (SD 2.1). Pressure for expedited approvals was felt by EC members with a drastic increase in the number of submission of research projects. The scarcity of information on investigational products (IPs) and requisite consent process posed major hurdles. Ongoing non-COVID studies and post-graduate dissertations were badly hit due to the shift in attention towards COVID-related research. Non-familiarity with virtual technology and lack of face-to-face interactions were highlighted as demerits. However, a few of the EC members welcomed newer methods, being time-saving, convenient and reducing travel hassles. Site monitoring and severe adverse event-related analyses were also negatively impacted upon. Solutions included the alternate methods of consenting (virtual, abbreviated), a detailed explanation of the protocol and IPs and benefits versus risk assessment.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Despite various challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the ECs in India steered well through the hurdles. Moreover, adapting a hybrid mode, technical training and updating guidelines were perceived as urgent by EC members.
NOTCH and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Converting Enzyme Levels Could be used in COVID-19 for Risk Stratification
Authors: Karabulut Dilay , Erdal Gülçin Şahingöz , Yildiz Cennet , Hergünsel Gülsüm O , Karabulut Umut , Binboğa Elif , Isiksacan Nilgun 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become a public emergency that is characterized by a dysregulated immune response and hypercoagulable state. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate NOTCH and tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) levels in COVID-19-infected patients and assess their predictive value on the severity of the disease.

Methods:
A total of 116 severe-critical COVID-19 patients who were interned intensive care were included in the study. The severity of the disease was evaluated according to the WHO classification system. Patients were divided into two groups according to their cTroponin T (cTnT) levels. Patients who had cTnT levels at least five times the upper limit of normal constituted Group 1 (n = 58); patients who had normal cTnT levels constituted Group 2 (n = 58). Besides, 62 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, who applied to cardiology outward clinic were taken as a control group (Group 3). All patients underwent echocardiographic examination. NOTCH and TACE levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
The average age of the patients was 59.96 ± 15.46 years, 92 (51.7%) were female and 86 (48.3%) were male. The mean length of hospital stay was 16.35 ± 10.97 days. NOTCH levels were significantly higher in Group 1 patients compared to Group 2 and control group of patients P = 0.001). NOTCH levels of Group 2 were significantly higher compared to the control group (P = 0.002). Similarly, the TACE levels of Group 1 were significantly higher than that of Group 2 and the control group (P = 0.001). Mortality and length of hospital stay were significantly higher in Group 1 patients compared to Group 2 patients (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004, respectively). TACE levels of deceased patients were significantly higher than that of live patients (P = 0.004). There was a positive relationship between the length of hospital stay and NOTCH levels in Group 1 patients (r = 0.527, P = 0.003). TACE and NOTCH levels were positively correlated with troponin levels (r = 0.627 and r = 0.671, respectively P < 0.001 for both). NOTCH value of 0.34 nmol/L and TACE value of 6.53 μg/mL predicted inhospital mortality with a sensitivity of 90.30% and 63.6% and specificity of 91.5% and 78.6%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Measurement of NOTCH and TACE levels during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection could be helpful for risk stratification.
What Heterogeneities in Individual-level Mobility Are Lost During Aggregation? Leveraging GPS Logger Data to Understand Fine-scale and Aggregated Patterns of Mobility
Authors: Schaber Kathryn L. , Kobayashi Tamaki , Hast Marisa , Searle Kelly M. , Shields Timothy M. , Hamapumbu Harry , Lubinda Jailos , Thuma Philip E. , Lupiya James , Chaponda Mike , Munyati Shungu , Gwanzura Lovemore , Mharakurwa Sungano , Moss William J. , Wesolowski Amy , _ _ 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
Human movement drives spatial transmission patterns of infectious diseases. Population-level mobility patterns are often quantified using aggregated data sets, such as census migration surveys or mobile phone data. These data are often unable to quantify individual-level travel patterns and lack the information needed to discern how mobility varies by demographic groups. Individual-level datasets can capture additional, more precise, aspects of mobility that may impact disease risk or transmission patterns and determine how mobility differs across cohorts; however, these data are rare, particularly in locations such as sub-Saharan Africa. Using detailed GPS logger data collected from three sites in southern Africa, we explore metrics of mobility such as percent time spent outside home, number of locations visited, distance of locations, and time spent at locations to determine whether they vary by demographic, geographic, or temporal factors. We further create a composite mobility score to identify how well aggregated summary measures would capture the full extent of mobility patterns. Although sites had significant differences in all mobility metrics, no site had the highest mobility for every metric, a distinction that was not captured by the composite mobility score. Further, the effects of sex, age, and season on mobility were all dependent on site. No factor significantly influenced the number of trips to locations, a common way to aggregate datasets. When collecting and analyzing human mobility data, it is difficult to account for all the nuances; however, these analyses can help determine which metrics are most helpful and what underlying differences may be present.
Performance Evaluation of the Schistoscope 5.0 for (Semi-)automated Digital Detection and Quantification of Schistosoma haematobium Eggs in Urine: A Field-based Study in Nigeria
Authors: Meulah Brice , Oyibo Prosper , Bengtson Michel , Agbana Temitope , Lontchi Roméo Aimé Laclong , Adegnika Ayola Akim , Oyibo Wellington , Hokke Cornelis Hendrik , Diehl Jan Carel , van Lieshout Lisette 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
Conventional microscopy is the standard procedure for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, despite its limited sensitivity, reliance on skilled personnel, and the fact that it is error prone. Here, we report the performance of the innovative (semi-)automated Schistoscope 5.0 for optical digital detection and quantification of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine, using conventional microscopy as the reference standard. At baseline, 487 participants in a rural setting in Nigeria were assessed, of which 166 (34.1%) tested S. haematobium positive by conventional microscopy. Captured images from the Schistoscope 5.0 were analyzed manually (semiautomation) and by an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm (full automation). Semi- and fully automated digital microscopy showed comparable sensitivities of 80.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73.2–86.0) and 87.3% (95% CI: 81.3–92.0), but a significant difference in specificity of 95.3% (95% CI: 92.4–97.4) and 48.9% (95% CI: 43.3–55.0), respectively. Overall, estimated egg counts of semi- and fully automated digital microscopy correlated significantly with the egg counts of conventional microscopy (r = 0.90 and r = 0.80, respectively, P < 0.001), although the fully automated procedure generally underestimated the higher egg counts. In 38 egg positive cases, an additional urine sample was examined 10 days after praziquantel treatment, showing a similar cure rate and egg reduction rate when comparing conventional microscopy with semiautomated digital microscopy. In this first extensive field evaluation, we found the semiautomated Schistoscope 5.0 to be a promising tool for the detection and monitoring of S. haematobium infection, although further improvement of the AI algorithm for full automation is required.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Liver Involvement in Adult Patients with Chikungunya in Thailand
Authors: Srikirin Punyavee , Siripoon Tanaya , Charoenpong Lantharita , Soonthornworasiri Ngamphol , Matsee Wasin , Kittitrakul Chatporn , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Poovorawan Kittiyod 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease mainly characterized by fever with polyarthralgia. Currently, liver complications of chikungunya remain rarely described. This study assesses the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of liver involvement, and the association between liver involvement severity and prognosis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at two referral centers for tropical infectious diseases—the Hospital for Tropical Diseases and Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute in Thailand—from January 2016 to April 2021. The study included 400 patients diagnosed with chikungunya. Of them, 254 (63.5%) were female with a mean age of 41.5 ± 14.1 years, and 98.5% of them presented with fever with arthralgia. Gastrointestinal presentations included nausea or vomiting (n = 62, 15.5%), diarrhea (n = 33, 8.3%), and abdominal pain (n = 4, 1%). Of 88 patients with available liver function tests, 39.8% had hepatitis (abnormal alanine aminotransferase levels), of whom 5.7% had moderate hepatitis. Nausea or vomiting is a clinical risk factor associated with liver involvement (adjusted odds ratio, 5.17; 95% CI, 1.20–22.34). Liver involvement was usually observed during the first 2 weeks of illness and resolved eventually. None of the patients experienced severe hepatitis, liver failure, or death caused by a liver problem. In conclusion, most of the patients with chikungunya did not have significant liver involvement. In those patients with severe liver injury, coexisting causes should be considered.
Repeated Rapid Active Sampling Surveys Demonstrated a Rapidly Changing Zika Seroprevalence among Children in a Rural Dengue-endemic Region in Southwest Guatemala during the Zika Epidemic (2015–2016)
Authors: Lamb Molly M. , Paniagua-Avila Alejandra , Zacarias Alma , Rojop Neudy , Chacon Andrea , Natrajan Muktha S. , Waggoner Jesse J. , Lopez Maria Renee , Cordon-Rosales Celia , Huleatt James W. , Bonaparte Matthew I. , Asturias Edwin J. , Olson Daniel 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
Although Central America is largely dengue virus (DENV)-endemic, the 2015–2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic brought new urgency to develop surveillance approaches capable of characterizing the rapidly changing disease burden in resource-limited settings. We conducted a pediatric DENV surveillance study in rural Guatemala, including serial cross-sectional surveys from April through September 2015 (Survey 1), in October–November 2015 (Survey 2), and January–February 2016 (Survey 3). Serum underwent DENV IgM MAC ELISA and polymerase chain reaction testing. Using banked specimens from Surveys 2 and 3, we expanded testing to include DENV 1–4 and ZIKV microneutralization (MN50), DENV NS1 IgG ELISA, and ZIKV anti-NS1 antibody Blockage of Binding (BoB) ELISA testing. Demographic risk factors for ZIKV BoB positivity were explored using multivariable generalized linear regression models. Of Survey 2 and 3 samples available (N = 382), DENV seroprevalence slightly increased (+1%–10% depending on the assay) during the surveillance period and increased with age. In contrast, ZIKV seroprevalence consistently increased over the 3-month period, including from 6% to 34% (P < 0.0001) and 10%–37% (P < 0.0001) using the MN50 ≥100 and BoB ELISA assays, respectively. Independent risk factors for ZIKV seropositivity included older age (prevalence ratio (PR)/year = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.17) and primary caregiver literacy (PR = 2.80, CI = 1.30–6.06). Rapid active surveillance (RAS) surveys demonstrated a nearly 30% increase in ZIKV prevalence and a slight (≤ 10%) increase in DENV seroprevalence from October to November 2015 to January to February 2016 in rural southwest Guatemala, regardless of serologic assay used. RAS surveys may be a useful “off-the-shelf” tool to characterize arboviruses and other emerging pathogens rapidly in resource-limited settings.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Associated with Mild COVID-19 Infection in an Obstetric Cohort in Brazil
Authors: Santos Carolina A. D. , Fonseca Filho Gentil G. , Alves Manoella M. , Macedo Erianna Y. L. , Pontes Monise G. de A. , Paula Artemis P. , Barreto Carolina T. R. , Zeneide Felipe N. , Nery Andréia F. , Freitas Reginaldo A. O. , D’Souza-Li Lília 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
Previous coronavirus epidemics were associated with increased maternal morbidity, mortality, and adverse obstetric outcomes. Reports for SARS-CoV-2 indicate that the obstetric population is at increased risk for severe illness, although there are still limited data on mild COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. To determine the association between mild COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, and maternal and neonatal outcomes, we performed a prospective cohort study among pregnant women with COVID-19 and a control group. Postnatal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. We recruited 84 pregnant women with mild COVID-19 and 88 pregnant women without COVID-19. All participants were unvaccinated. The most common acute COVID-19 symptoms were headache (82.1%), loss of smell (81%), and asthenia (77.4%). The median duration of long COVID symptoms was 60 days (interquartile range, 130). Pregnant women with a COVID-19 diagnosis were at greater risk for obstetric ultrasound abnormalities—mainly, fetal growth restriction (relative risk [RR], 12.40; 95% CI, 1.66–92.5), premature birth (RR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.07–6.43), and postpartum depression (RR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.24–4.21). Our results alert clinicians to the consequences of COVID-19 during pregnancy, even in mild cases, given the increased risk of ultrasound abnormalities, premature birth, long COVID symptoms, and postpartum depression. National guidelines on preventive measures and treatments should be based on scientific evidence, including attention to the impact on health and family needs during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Principles of the use of inhaler devices in asthma treatment
Authors: Kang Sung-Yoon , Min Taek Ki 
Published: October 2022

Background: Inhaler therapy is the most critical route of administering drugs in the management of asthma due to its rapid onset of action, better pulmonary efficacy, and reduced risk of side effects, compared with other routes of administration.Current Concepts: Although many physicians and patients believe they know how to use inhaler devices, most do not know the correct techniques. To achieve better and more effective treatment results, the inhalation device should be appropriate for the characteristics and wishes of each patient. Available inhaler devices include pressurized metered dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, soft mist inhalers, and nebulizers. To improve disease outcomes and treatment adherence, a personalized stepwise approach, based on each patient’s conscious inhalation, inspiratory flow, and hand-lung coordination, is recommended in the selection of the most appropriate device.Discussion and Conclusion: Common problems with inhaler usage include failure to exhale completely before inhaling, insufficient inhalation efforts, and inadequate breath-hold after inhalation. Therefore, continuing education and support are warranted to ensure optimal outcomes and enable patients to improve inhaler usage techniques. Health care providers should also know the devices and develop systems in order to provide comprehensive support to patients in clinical practice.