bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PET/CT imaging of spinal inflammation and microcalcification in patients with low back pain: A pilot study on the quantification by artificial intelligence‐based segmentation
Authors: Piri Reza , Nøddeskou‐Fink Amalie H. , Gerke Oke , Larsson Måns , Edenbrandt Lars , Enqvist Olof , Høilund‐Carlsen Poul‐Flemming , Stochkendahl Mette J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrent imaging modalities are often incapable of identifying nociceptive sources of low back pain (LBP). We aimed to characterize these by means of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) of the lumbar spine region applying tracers 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F‐sodium fluoride (NaF) targeting inflammation and active microcalcification, respectively.MethodsUsing artificial intelligence (AI)‐based quantification, we compared PET findings in two sex‐ and age‐matched groups, a case group of seven males and five females, mean age 45 ± 14 years, with ongoing LBP and a similar control group of 12 pain‐free individuals. PET/CT scans were segmented into three distinct volumes of interest (VOIs): lumbar vertebral bodies, facet joints and intervertebral discs. Maximum, mean and total standardized uptake values (SUVmax, SUVmean and SUVtotal) for FDG and NaF uptake in the 3 VOIs were measured and compared between groups. Holm–Bonferroni correction was applied to adjust for multiple testing.ResultsFDG uptake was slightly higher in most locations of the LBP group including higher SUVmean in the intervertebral discs (0.96 ± 0.34 vs. 0.69 ± 0.15). All NaF uptake values were higher in cases, including higher SUVmax in the intervertebral discs (11.63 ± 3.29 vs. 9.45 ± 1.32) and facet joints (14.98 ± 6.55 vs. 10.60 ± 2.97).ConclusionObserved intergroup differences suggest acute inflammation and microcalcification as possible nociceptive causes of LBP. AI‐based quantification of relevant lumbar VOIs in PET/CT scans of LBP patients and controls appears to be feasible. These promising, early findings warrant further investigation and confirmation.
A qualitative inquiry of doctoral students' herding in education and validation of ‘herding in educational decisions’ scale
Authors: Asadullah Muhammad Ali , Mirza Sumaira , Haq Muhammad Zia Ul , Yaqoob Tahir , Hussain Sajid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFresh PhD recipients are experiencing restricted career opportunities yet the enrolment of PhD Scholars is increasing rapidly. Perhaps, doctoral students lack conscious educational decision‐making. Building on such a perspective of doctoral students' unconscious educational choices, we explored their educational choices throughout their life trajectory. We started with a qualitative inquiry of 18 different PhD scholars in Pakistan. The findings helped us in developing a measure to determine the extent of herding in doctoral students' educational decisions. We ‘benefitted from’ this opportunity and validated the scale in two separate quantitative inquiries for conducting an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The study concluded a 3‐dimensional scale (consisting of 15‐items) for measuring ‘herding in educational decisions’. The study offers certain implications for conscious educational decisions.
The impact of Mental Health Nurse Consultants on the care of general hospital patients experiencing concurrent mental health conditions: An integrative literature review
Authors: Sharrock Julie , Happell Brenda , Jeong Sarah Yeun‐Sim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMental Health Nurse Consultants are advanced practice mental health nurses who consult with nurses and other health professionals in a general hospital setting. The aim of this review was to analyse and synthesize the available evidence related to the impact of Mental Health Nurse Consultants on the care of general hospital patients experiencing concurrent mental health conditions. The integrative literature review method was utilized as it allows for the inclusion and integration of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research which produces a synthesized understanding of data to inform practice, policy, and research. The Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses guided the search strategy. All published studies examining the impact of clinical consultations provided by Mental Health Nurse Consultants on the mental health care of general hospital patients were included. The 19 selected articles were from North America, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Europe. Fifteen were quantitative, three were qualitative, and one used mixed methods. The findings highlight the role is generally positively received by hospital staff. The results indicate that clinical consultations provided by Mental Health Nurse Consultants (i) may improve patient experiences of mental health conditions, (ii) influence aspects of care delivery, (iii) are valued by staff, particularly nurses, and (iv) increase staff competence and confidence in the provision of mental health care. The review highlighted significant limitations of the available evidence, the need for contemporary discussion and debate of MHNC theory and practice, and further evaluation of the role to inform future service delivery.
Market effects of new product introduction: Evidence from the brew‐at‐home coffee market
Authors: Gayle Philip G. , Lin Ying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe introduction of new products has always been an important source of economic development and improvement in consumer welfare. With retail coffee data spanning 5 years after the single‐cup brew coffee pods were introduced to grocery chains, this paper empirically studies the market effects of new product introduction in the brew‐at‐home coffee market. We use a structural model of demand and supply to capture the changes in consumers’ preference for this new product over time. The demand estimates suggest that consumers’ relative preference and willingness‐to‐pay for the new product grew substantially over the sample periods. The analysis reveals the extent to which the introduction and growing presence of the new product simultaneously expanded the relevant market and cannibalized the sales of pre‐existing substitute products (traditional auto‐drip brew coffee products). Furthermore, we quantify the annually expanding welfare gains of the average consumer attributable to the new product.
Design process of a vacuum freeze dryer: Simultaneous endpoint determination using measurement of both temperature and relative humidity
Authors: Kumar Parkarsh , Yao Da‐Jeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExperiments were conducted with pure water to study the various temperature and humidity parameters that can be used to develop the process of a vacuum freeze dryer (VFD). Both temperature and humidity sensors were applied to investigate characteristics such as the resistance offered during drying, heat‐transfer coefficients, moisture content, diffusivity, and others that can influence the process of vacuum freeze‐drying during primary drying. These experiments helped to develop an efficient and optimized process. We discuss the importance of various parameters on drying and the ways in which one can accomplish the experiment of drying. Two conditions, humidity and temperature, were combined to obtain a concurrent output for the start and endpoint of steps involved in freeze‐drying. From the process discussed, we state that when % RH lies between 8% and 10%, primary drying begins and when it lies between 1% and 3%, secondary drying begins.Practical ApplicationsThe practice applications for developed techniques in this manuscript would be food industry, storage of smallpox vaccines, manufacturing of enzymes, proteins, or drugs, and other bio‐related applications by a vacuum freeze dryer (VFD).
How do US military veterans with serious mental illness manage insomnia? A phenomenological analysis
Authors: Klingaman Elizabeth A. , Lucksted Alicia , Crosby Eric S. , Hack Samantha M. , Peeples Amanda D. , Blank Yelena , Schwartz Elana 
Published: March 2022

SummaryInsomnia is a prevalent experience for individuals with serious mental illness, and is one of the most common reasons for mental health referrals in the Veterans Health Administration. Insomnia also critically impacts psychiatric, cognitive and somatic outcomes. However, there is limited information about how people with serious mental illness (i.e. schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar, or major depressive disorders, with serious functional impairments) understand and respond to problems with their own sleep. Bringing this information to light will yield novel methods of research and treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine reactions to insomnia among veterans with serious mental illness and insomnia. An inductive phenomenological approach was used to collect data from 20 veterans with serious mental illness and insomnia using semi‐structured interviews. Six themes were identified: Becoming Aware that Insomnia is a Problem; Response to and Dissatisfaction with Medications; Strategies to Get Better Sleep: Contrary to Usual Guidelines; Personal Responsibility for Getting Sleep; Resigned and Giving Up; and Acceptance and Persistence. These results provide insight into the process of identifying insomnia and the subsequent cognitive and behavioural responses that are used to manage sleep disturbances among veterans with serious mental illness, a group often excluded from gold‐standard treatments for chronic insomnia. Clinical implications and recommendations for improving treatment efficacy are discussed.
Medical and surgical management of pancreatic fluid accumulations in dogs: A retrospective study of 15 cases
Authors: Talbot Charles T. , Cheung Ring , Holmes Emma J. , Cook Simon D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exist on the diagnosis and successful medical management of suspected pancreatic abscessation, and the appropriate terminology of this condition.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe the diagnosis and management of pancreatic fluid accumulations in dogs where pancreatic fluid cytology results were available, to describe those medically and surgically managed at the same institution, and reconsider the terminology describing acute pancreatitis with pancreatic fluid accumulation.AnimalsFifteen dogs treated for suspected pancreatic abscessation at a university teaching hospital between January 2010 and March 2020.MethodsRetrospective descriptive study.ResultsUltrasonographic findings described pancreatic fluid accumulations as hypoechoic in 10/15 and anechoic in 2/15 cases, ranging between 1.6 and 7 cm in diameter (median, 3.5 cm). No complications were documented after ultrasound guided fine‐needle aspiration. Cytologically, all samples revealed a predominantly neutrophilic inflammation. 11/15 samples yielded a negative culture (9/11 received antimicrobials before sampling) and in 4 cases culture was positive. 7/15 were initially managed surgically including all 4 infected cases. 4/7 surgically managed cases were discharged, including 2 infected cases. The remaining 3/7 surgically managed cases were euthanized due poor quality of life. 8/15 cases were managed medically; 7/8 were discharged, 1 died. 3/7 then represented, and underwent successful surgical intervention after recrudescence of clinical signs, and all were discharged. The remaining 4 medically managed cases did not require further therapeutic intervention, with no clinical deterioration on reassessment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMedical management is a viable treatment option for some dogs with pancreatic fluid accumulation, or as a prequel to surgical management. Subclassifications of pancreatic fluid accumulations using diagnostic findings could enable more tailored management approaches and accurate prognostication.
MicroRNA172 controls inflorescence meristem size through regulation of APETALA2 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sang Qing , Vayssières Alice , Ó'Maoiléidigh Diarmuid S. , Yang Xia , Vincent Coral , Bertran Garcia de Olalla Enric , Cerise Martina , Franzen Rainer , Coupland George 
Published: March 2022

Summary

The APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factor regulates flower development, floral transition and shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintenance in Arabidopsis. AP2 is also regulated at the post‐transcriptional level by microRNA172 (miR172), but the contribution of this to SAM maintenance is poorly understood.

We generated transgenic plants carrying a form of AP2 that is resistant to miR172 (rAP2) or carrying a wild‐type AP2 susceptible to miR172. Phenotypic and genetic analyses were performed on these lines and mir172 mutants to study the role of AP2 regulation by miR172 on meristem size and the rate of flower production.

We found that rAP2 enlarges the inflorescence meristem by increasing cell size and cell number. Misexpression of rAP2 from heterologous promoters showed that AP2 acts in the central zone (CZ) and organizing center (OC) to increase SAM size. Furthermore, we found that AP2 is negatively regulated by AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3 (ARF3). However, genetic analyses indicated that ARF3 also influences SAM size and flower production rate independently of AP2.

The study identifies miR172/AP2 as a regulatory module controlling inflorescence meristem size and suggests that transcriptional regulation of AP2 by ARF3 fine‐tunes SAM size determination.
Free-Edge Effects in Composite Laminates—A Review of Recent Developments 2005–2020
Authors: Mittelstedt Christian , Becker Wilfried , Kappel Andreas , Kharghani Navid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe design and analysis of composite structures in the form of layered plates or shells is often driven by stress concentration phenomena that occur due to geometric or material discontinuities. One prominent example is the so-called free-edge effect that manifests itself in the form of significant localized interlaminar stress fields in the vicinity of free laminate edges and that is given rise to due to the mismatch of the elastic properties of the individual laminate layers. The free-edge effect has been under scientific investigation for more than five decades, and this paper aims at providing an overview of recent developments and scientific advances in this specific field wherein an emphasis is placed on investigations that were published in the time range between the years 2005 and 2020. This paper reviews closed-form analytical methods as well as semi-analytical and numerical analysis approaches and summarizes the recent state of the art concerning the investigation of stress singularities and experimental characterization of free-edge effects. This paper also reviews advanced problems such as free-edge effects in curved laminated structures and in piezoelectric laminates as well as in the vicinity of holes and other geometric discontinuities, and two new aspects in the field of free-edge effects, namely, the development and application of a new semi-analytical method (the so-called scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM)) and the fracture mechanical strength assessment, also by novel approaches such as finite fracture mechanics, are also discussed. This paper closes with a summary and an outlook on future investigations.
Development and Evaluation of a Passive Multiloop Wearable Hand Device for Natural Motion
Authors: Robson Nina , Yun Chen Bin , Won Jong-Seob , Song Soh Gim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article describes the development and evaluation of our passively actuated closed-loop articulated wearable (CLAW) that uses a common slider to passively drive its exo-fingers for use in physical training of people with limited hand mobility. Our design approach utilizes physiological tasks for dimensional synthesis and yields a variety of design candidates that fulfill the desired fingertip precision grasping trajectory. Once it is ensured that the synthesized fingertip motion is close to the physiological fingertip grasping trajectories, performance assessment criteria related to user–device interference and natural joint angle movement are taken into account. After the most preferred design for each finger is chosen, minor modifications are made related to substituting the backbone chain with the wearer’s limb to provide the skeletal structure for the customized passive device. Subsequently, we evaluate it for natural joint motion based on a novel design candidate assessment method. A hand prototype is printed, and its preliminary performance regarding natural joint motion, wearability, and scalability are assessed. The pilot experimental test on a range of healthy subjects with different hand/finger sizes shows that the CLAW hand is easy to operate and guides the user’s fingers without causing any discomfort. It also ensures both precision and power grasping in a natural manner. This study establishes the importance of incorporating novel design candidate assessment techniques, based on human finger kinematic models, on a conceptual design level that can assist in finding design candidates for natural joint motion coordination.
Psychological Vulnerability Associated With Stress Coping Strategies in Japanese University Athletes
Authors: Yamaguchi Shinji , Kawata Yujiro , Murofushi Yuka , Shibata Nobuto , Ota Tsuneyoshi 
Published: March 2022

This study examined the stress coping strategies of athletes with high psychological vulnerability. The participants were 487 university athletes (mean age = 19.8 years, SD = 0.88, 153 women). Data were collected using the Vulnerability Scale for University Athletes and General Coping Questionnaire and analyzed by conducting a multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed significant relationships between vulnerability and coping strategies (r = .11−.39). Vulnerability was most strongly related to the emotional support seeking aspect of emotion-oriented coping (r = .39). There was no significant difference in cognitive reinterpretation (r = .07). Vulnerability had a stronger relationship with emotion-oriented than problem-oriented coping, and high (vs. low) vulnerability athletes had significantly higher emotion-oriented-coping scores. These results suggest that vulnerable athletes need to be provided with appropriate emotional support to cope with stressful situations, as they rely heavily on a stress management strategy focusing on emotion regulation.
Microbialites right under our noses: Miocene and modern lakes near Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
Authors: Hickson Thomas A. , Theissen Kevin M. , Lamb Melissa A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
On this field trip, we will examine a modern lake in central Nevada, the Lower Pahranagat Lake, and lacustrine carbonate outcrops of the late Miocene, upper Horse Spring Formation. Both of the modern and ancient systems hold significant microbialite populations and we interpret that the Lower Pahranagat Lake is a possible analog for the ancient unit. Both systems are or were spring-fed from a similar Paleozoic carbonate aquifer. Both have evidence of microbially influenced sedimentation, probably related to spring activity. Both are dominated by the deposition of carbonate to the exclusion of nearly all siliciclastic material. In the Lower Pahranagat Lake, we will focus on the Holocene depositional record of the lake and the microbialites that are found therein. Molecular genetic data from three sites near the Lower Pahranagat Lake suggest that carbonate deposition could be strongly mediated by varying and complex microbial communities, and that simple interpretations of carbonate geochemistry probably neglect this influence. In the Lake Mead area, we will examine both the vertical (stratigraphic) and lateral relationships between a wide diversity of microbial macro- and mesostructures, to critically evaluate the relative effects of climate change, variable lake chemistry, and the role of microbial mat metabolisms on microbialite geochemistry.
Carbon Erosion of a Bulk Nickel–Copper Alloy as an Effective Tool to Synthesize Carbon Nanofibers from Hydrocarbons
Authors: Mishakov I. V. , Afonnikova S. D. , Bauman Yu. I. , Shubin Yu. V. , Trenikhin M. V. , Serkova A. N. , Vedyagin A. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Carbon erosion of bulk metals and alloys in a carbon-containing atmosphere can be used as an effective tool for the targeted synthesis of carbon nanomaterials. In this study, a set of bulk Ni0.89Cu0.11 (11 at % Cu) alloys has been synthesized by the mechanochemical alloying of metal powders in an Activator 2S planetary mill. The synthesized samples have been studied as precursors of catalyst for the synthesis of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) from ethylene at 550°C. The effect of the activation time on the particle morphology and phase composition of the alloys, the kinetics of growth, and the carbon product yield in C2H4 decomposition has been studied. For the most active samples, the CNF yield has exceeded 100 g/gcat within 30 min of reaction. The early stage of carbon erosion of a bulk Ni0.89Cu0.11 alloy has been studied by electron microscopy methods. It has been found that the nucleation of carbon fiber growth active sites occurs during a short-term contact of the sample with the reaction mixture (less than 1 min); the complete disintegration of the alloy is observed in a few minutes. The carbon product is represented by nanofibers having a submicrometer diameter and characterized by a dense “stacked” and coaxial-conical packing of graphene layers. The material has a developed specific surface area (140–170 m2/g) and a low bulk density (less than 30 g/L).
Do deaths from competing risks influence COPD patterns in China and high socio-demographic index countries?: a cross-sectional analysis of summary statistics from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Yang Zhao , Kwok Man Ki , Schooling Catherine Mary 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo explore possible reasons for the difference in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) incidence/mortality rates between China and high socio-demographic index (SDI) countries.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of summary statistics from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.ParticipantsData were publicly available and de-identified, and individuals were not involved.Measurement and methodsWe extracted the age-standardised and age-specific incidence/mortality rates, and risk factors attributed to COPD in China and high SDI countries from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. We first described differences in COPD patterns (ie, incidence and mortality rates) in China and high SDI countries briefly, and then explored possible reasons for driving such differences by comparing rankings for six well-established COPD risk factors and estimating change points in age-specific incidence and mortality rates for COPD and several commonly encountered competing risks using segmented regression models.ResultsDifferences in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates for COPD between China and high SDI countries converged during 1990–2017 but still differed, particularly for mortality rates. Smoking was the leading attributable risk factor followed by ambient air pollution, with higher rankings for occupational risks in China than in high SDI countries. The change point was ~80 years for age-specific COPD mortality rate in both China and high SDI countries. However, the change point for COPD incidence was 5-year later in China (~65 years) than in high SDI countries (~60 years). The change points for mortality rates due to competing risks (eg, ischaemic heart disease) also varied between settings.ConclusionDifferences in risk factors largely shaped the differences in COPD patterns between China and high SDI countries. Varying patterns of mortality due to competing risks might also contribute to the discrepancy in COPD mortality rates, by affecting the survival of the underlying population.