bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Too much tolerance for hyperoxemia in mechanically ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia? Report from an Italian intensive care unit
Authors: Damiani Elisa , Casarotta Erika , Carsetti Andrea , Mariotti Giulia , Vannicola Sara , Giorgetti Rachele , Domizi Roberta , Scorcella Claudia , Adrario Erica , Donati Abele 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIn COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation, the administration of high oxygen (O2) doses for prolonged time periods may be necessary. Although life-saving in most cases, O2 may exert deleterious effects if administered in excessive concentrations. We aimed to describe the prevalence of hyperoxemia and excessive O2 administration in mechanically ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and determine whether hyperoxemia is associated with mortality in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or the onset of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Materials and methodsRetrospective single-center study on adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for ≥48 h. Patients undergoing extracorporeal respiratory support were excluded. We calculated the excess O2 administered based on the ideal arterial O2 tension (PaO2) target of 55–80 mmHg. We defined hyperoxemia as PaO2 &gt; 100 mmHg and hyperoxia + hyperoxemia as an inspired O2 fraction (FiO2) &gt; 60% + PaO2 &gt; 100 mmHg. Risk factors for ICU-mortality and VAP were assessed through multivariate analyses.ResultsOne hundred thirty-four patients were included. For each day of mechanical ventilation, each patient received a median excess O2 of 1,121 [829–1,449] L. Hyperoxemia was found in 38 [27–55]% of arterial blood gases, hyperoxia + hyperoxemia in 11 [5–18]% of cases. The FiO2 was not reduced in 69 [62–76]% of cases of hyperoxemia. Adjustments were made more frequently with higher PaO2 or initial FiO2 levels. ICU-mortality was 32%. VAP was diagnosed in 48.5% of patients. Hyperoxemia (OR 1.300 95% CI [1.097–1.542]), time of exposure to hyperoxemia (OR 2.758 [1.406–5.411]), hyperoxia + hyperoxemia (OR 1.144 [1.008–1.298]), and daily excess O2 (OR 1.003 [1.001–1.005]) were associated with higher risk for ICU-mortality, independently of age, Sequential Organ failure Assessment score at ICU-admission and mean PaO2/FiO2. Hyperoxemia (OR 1.033 [1.006–1.061]), time of exposure to hyperoxemia (OR 1.108 [1.018–1.206]), hyperoxia + hyperoxemia (OR 1.038 [1.003–1.075]), and daily excess O2 (OR 1.001 [1.000–1.001]) were identified as risk factors for VAP, independently of body mass index, blood transfusions, days of neuromuscular blocking agents (before VAP), prolonged prone positioning and mean PaO2/FiO2 before VAP.ConclusionExcess O2 administration and hyperoxemia were common in mechanically ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The exposure to hyperoxemia may be associated with ICU-mortality and greater risk for VAP.
Incidence and characteristics of stroke in Zanzibar–a hospital-based prospective study in a low-income island population
Authors: Jørgensen Jutta M. Adelin , Christensen Dirk Lund , Nielsen Karoline Kragelund , Sadiq Halima Saleh , Khan Muhammad Yusuf , Jusabani Ahmed M. , Walker Richard 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundStroke in adults is a critical clinical condition and a leading cause of death and disability globally. Epidemiological data on stroke in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. This study describes incidence rates, stroke types and antecedent factors among patients hospitalized with stroke in Zanzibar.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study of stroke patients at hospitals in Unguja, Zanzibar. Socioeconomic and demographic data were recorded alongside relevant past medical history, medicine use and risk factors. The modified National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (mNIHSS) was used to assess admission stroke severity and, when possible, stroke was confirmed by neuroimaging.ResultsA total of 869 stroke admissions were observed from 1st October 2019 through 30th September 2020. Age-standardized to the World Health Organization global population, the yearly incidence was 286.8 per 100,000 adult population (95%CI: 272.4–301.9). Among these patients, 720 (82.9%) gave consent to participate in the study. Median age of participants was 62 years (53–70), 377 (52.2%) were women, and 463 (64.3%) had a first-ever stroke. Known stroke risk factors included hypertension in 503 (72.3%) patients, of whom 279 (55.5%) reported regularly using antihypertensive medication, of whom 161 (57.7%) had used this medication within the last week before stroke onset. A total of 460 (63.9%) participants had neuroimaging performed; among these there was evidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in 140 (30.4%). Median stroke severity score using mNIHSS was 19 (10–27).ConclusionZanzibar has high incidence of hospitalization for stroke, indicating a very high population incidence of stroke. The proportion of strokes due to ICH is substantially higher than in high-income countries. Most stroke patients had been in contact with health care providers prior to stroke onset and been diagnosed with hypertension. However, few were using antihypertensive medication at the time of stroke onset.www.ClinicalTrial.gov registration NCT04095806.
Rhythmic auditory stimulation promotes gait recovery in Parkinson's patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Xiaofan , Li Ling , He Rong , Jia Yizhen , Poon Waisang 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveUsing rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) to improve gait disturbance in Parkinson's disease (PD) is an available treatment option, yet a consensus on its effectiveness remains controversial. We summarized the effects of RAS on gait, functional activity and quality of life in PD patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases were initially searched to identify relevant literature up to August 2021. Next, the methodological quality of eligible comparative studies was assessed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. The treatment effects to clinical outcome in relation to gait, motor activities, and quality of life were analyzed.ResultsA total of 18 studies consisted of 774 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Comparing with the control group, RAS had significantly increased stride length (p &lt; 0.001), accelerated gait speed (p &lt; 0.001), reduced the occurrence of freezing events during walking (P = 0.009), achieved an improvement in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II (P = 0.030), UPDRS-III (P &lt; 0.001) and Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQL) (p = 0.009) scores over an interval of 1–26 months.ConclusionIn this meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials, we have demonstrated that RAS improves the general motor functions (UPDRS-III), particularly in gait, mobility and quality of life, in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Dietary adaptation for weight loss maintenance at Yale (DAWLY): Protocol and predictions for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fang Xi , Davis Xue , Flack Kyle D. , Duncan Chavonn , Li Fangyong , White Marney , Grilo Carlos , Small Dana M. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCurrent therapies for obesity treatment are effective at producing short-term weight loss, but weight loss maintenance remains a significant challenge. Here we investigate the impact of pre-intervention dietary fat intake on the efficacy of a dietary supplement to support weight loss maintenance. Preclinical work demonstrates that a vagal afferent pathway critical for sensing dietary lipids is blunted by a high-fat diet (HFD), resulting in a reduced preference for a low-fat emulsion and severe blunting of the dopamine (DA) response to the gastric infusion of lipids. Infusion of the gut lipid messenger oleoylethanolamide (OEA), which is also depleted by HFD, immediately reverses this DA blunting and restores preference for the low-fat emulsion. Studies of OEA supplementation for weight loss in humans have had limited success. Given the strong effect of HFD on this pathway, we designed a study to test whether the efficacy of OEA as a weight loss treatment is related to pre-intervention habitual intake of dietary fat.Methods/DesignWe employed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 100 adults with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) were randomized to receive either OEA or placebo daily for 16 months. Following a baseline evaluation of diet, metabolic health, adiposity, and brain response to a palatable an energy dense food, participants in both groups underwent a 4-month behavioral weight loss intervention (LEARN®) followed by a 1-year maintenance period. The study aims are to (1) determine if pre-intervention dietary fat intake moderates the ability of OEA to improve weight loss and weight loss maintenance after a gold standard behavioral weight loss treatment; (2) identify biomarkers that predict outcome and optimize a stratification strategy; and (3) test a model underlying OEA’s effectiveness.DiscussionFocusing on interventions that target the gut-brain axis is supported by mounting evidence for the role of gut-brain signaling in food choice and the modulation of this circuit by diet. If successful, this work will provide support for targeting the gut-brain pathway for weight loss maintenance using a precision medicine approach that is easy and inexpensive to implement.Clinical Trial Registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04614233].
The effect of intravenous vitamin C on clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis or septic shock: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhu Huiyan , Xu Xiaoya , Zhang Kai , Ye Qiaoping 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesVitamin C deficiency is common among patients with sepsis and has been associated with poor clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, the effect of intravenous (IV) vitamin C for the treatment of sepsis remains controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of IV vitamin C in patients with sepsis or septic shock.MethodsElectronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception through May 25, 2022 for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of IV vitamin C treatment in patients with sepsis. The primary outcome was short-term mortality, and secondary outcomes including the duration of vasopressor, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score after vitamin C treatment. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the type of disease, dose and duration of IV vitamin C.ResultsA total of 10 studies were included, with a total sample of 755 septic patients. The IV vitamin C was associated with a significant reduction in the short-term mortality (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37–0.69, I2 = 0%) and duration of vasopressor (MD −27.88, 95% CI −49.84 to −5.92, I2 = 95%). The length of ICU stay (MD −0.68, 95% CI −2.13 to 0.78, I2 = 74%) and SOFA score (MD −0.05, 95% CI −1.69 to 1.58, I2 = 86%) were not significantly different between two groups.ConclusionIn patients with sepsis or septic shock, the IV vitamin C reduced the short-term mortality rate and duration of vasopressor, with no effect on the length of ICU stay and SOFA score. Further trials are required to explore the optimal dosage and duration of IV vitamin C.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-6-0013/, identifier INPLASY202260013.
Cervical and endometrial cancers of intestinal origin diagnosed 18 years after vaginal replacement with a sigmoid colon segment: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sun Xiao-fei , Miao Xin-xin , Li Bao-xuan , Wang Yu 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSigmoid colpoplasty is a surgical method for the treatment of vagina agenesis. Malignant tumors of neovaginas derived from sigmoid colons are rare.Case presentationWe report a 33-year-old woman who underwent sigmoid colpoplasty for vaginal agenesis and presented 18 years later with vaginal bleeding. Examination revealed cancer of the neovagina with involvement of the cervix and endometrium. The patient was administered four cycles of chemotherapy because she refused surgery.ConclusionsPatients with a history of colpoplasty should undergo long-term comprehensive testing after reconstruction, including regular gynecological, colposcopic, and gastrointestinal examinations. In patients with cancer of the neovagina, a comprehensive treatment plan should be developed in consultation with gynecologists and surgeons. There is no standard treatment, although surgery plus chemotherapy or radiotherapy appears to be effective.
Episodic memory training in elderly: A systematic review
Authors: Mendonça André Rocha , Loureiro Lucas Machado , Nórte Carlos Eduardo , Landeira-Fernandez Jesus 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:Episodic memory is a cognitive process that allows the recall of experiences, learning, and the pursuit of future goals. During the aging process, episodic memory declines negatively, impacting social and psychological aspects in the elderly. Such intervention strategies as cognitive training are non-pharmacological ways of reducing these losses.ObjectiveWe systematically reviewed studies of the cognitive training of episodic memory in healthy elderly individuals and elderly individuals with clinical conditions.MethodWe systematically searched the PubMed, PsycNET, Web of Science, and SciELO databases using the descriptors “Episodic Memory” AND “Training” AND “Elderly” OR “Aging” OR “Dementia” in English and translated into Portuguese.ResultsOf the 572 articles that were identified by the search, 23 were included in the final analysis. The main variables that comprised the intervention protocols (i.e., characteristics of the sample, type of control group, mode of episodic memory training, and duration of training) were investigated, as well as the outcome variables, efficacy, and risk of bias. The main results indicated effectiveness with regard to different forms of the cognitive training of episodic memory.ConclusionEpisodic memory training among the elderly can mitigate the negative effects of cognitive decline in dementia and healthy subjects promoting impacts at social, psychological, and economic levels. Although it is a widely studied topic, further empirical studies on the utility of episodic memory training in healthy elderly individuals and elderly individuals with clinical conditions are still needed.
Development and validation of the care challenge scale in family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sharif Nia Hamid , Sivarajan Froelicher Erika , Hosseini Lida , Ashghali Farahani Mansoureh , Hejazi Sima 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and debilitating disorder that strongly affects people with AD and their families. The changes in signs of the disease and its treatment lead to many challenges in people with AD that affect the performance and the ability of caregivers, their social life, and physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of caregivers' health. Therefore, this study was designed to develop and validate the Care Challenge Scale (CCS) for family caregivers of people with AD in the care context of Iran.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study, and the primary scale was based on 14 semi-structured interviews with family caregivers of Iranian people with AD. In the next phase, the psychometric features were assessed, including the face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative), item analysis, structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factors), and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity). Finally, the reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega coefficient, and the average inter-item correlation), stability (intraclass correlation coefficient), and absolute reliability.ResultsTotally, 435 Iranian family caregivers filled out online questionnaires, with a mean age of 50.26(±13.24) years. Based on the results of the qualitative phase, an item pool was generated with 389 items, and after deleting overlapping and unrelated items, the CCS with 14 items was created. The results of the quantitative phase showed that the CCS consists of two factors with 10 items each, which are named effective role-play challenge and lack of social–financial support, and they explained 42.23% of the total variance. Furthermore, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fitness of the scale structure model, and it had convergent and discriminant validity. The reliability indexes showed this scale has internal consistency and stability.ConclusionThe most care challenge among Iranian family caregivers of people with AD is effective role-play challenges and lack of social–financial support. The scale as designed has good validity, internal consistency, and stability that can be used by therapists, nurses, and researchers for the assessment of the challenges of this population.
Characterization of the Fecal Microbiome in Dogs Receiving Medical Management for Congenital Portosystemic Shunts
Authors: Squire Nathan , Lux Cassie , Tolbert Katie , Lidbury Jonathan , Sun Xiaocun , Suchodolski Jan S. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe GI microbiome has not been characterized in dogs being medically managed for congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS).ObjectivesTo characterize the fecal microbiome in a population of dogs being medically managed for CPSS.Animals27 client-owned dogs.MethodsProspective cohort study enrollment of fecal samples was performed with follow-up data collected retrospectively. The overall fecal dysbiosis index (DI) and individual bacterial abundances were determined using real-time qPCR. Medical management, clinical findings, clinicopathologic, and outcome variables were collected, and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between these variables and overall DI and bacterial abundances. Numerical variables were evaluated with general linear models for normality and equal variance using Shapiro-Wilk test and Levene's test, respectively.ResultsAll dogs were administered a hepatic diet and lactulose, while antibiotics were used in 22 (81.5%) and acid suppressants in 7 (25.9%). Seventeen dogs (63.0%) had a DI &gt;2. The median DI in this population was 3.02 (range 4.23–8.42), and the median DI in dogs receiving and not receiving antibiotics was 4.3 (range −4.23–8.42) and 1.52 (range −1.62–5.43), respectively. No significant association between any of the analyzed variables and the DI was identified. There was a significant association between the use of metronidazole and a larger abundance of E. coli (p = 0.024).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDysbiosis appears to be common in dogs that are being medically managed for CPSS, though the clinical significance remains unclear.
Actividades didácticas para el fortalecimiento de la escritura en la Educación General Básica
Authors: Pinos Sumba Erika Yadira , Montesdeoca Zambrano Mónica Valeria , Cano de la Cruz Yullio 
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo investigativo tuvo como finalidad aplicar actividades didácticas para el fortalecimiento de la escritura en los estudiantes de segundo año, paralelo A de Educación General Básica de la Unidad Educativa “Jaime Ruperto Yerovi Nájera”, en la ciudad de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, donde se identificó falencias de la escritura. La metodología que se utilizó para el estudio fue un enfoque mixto para el análisis de los datos obtenidos y la explicación de los resultados. La investigación fue de tipo experimental, específicamente cuasi- experimento, con la aplicación de un pre-test y pos-test. La muestra fue de 32 estudiantes de segundo grado, paralelo A de Educación General Básica. Las técnicas de recolección de datos utilizados fueron la entrevista y los test de escritura, por otro lado, las técnicas de análisis de datos fueron explicativo, de contenido y estadístico. Los resultados de la investigación se obtuvieron a través de una prueba de diagnóstico (pre-test) de base estructurada, entrevista dirigida a la docente del aula, la aplicación de las actividades didácticas para el fortalecimiento de la escritura, y por último la prueba objetiva (post-test) de base estructurada. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se llegó a la conclusión que las actividades didácticas fortalecieron la escritura de los estudiantes, permitiendo, mejorar las deficiencias que tenían.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Estudiante; Escritura; Actividad.
Didactic activities for the strengthening of writing of basic general education
ABSTRACT
This research work had the purpose to apply didactic activities for the strengthening of writing in the second-year students, parallel A of Basic General Education of the Educational Unit "Jaime Ruperto Yerovi Nájera", in the city of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, where weaknesses of the writing were identified. The methodology used for the study was a mixed approach for the analysis of the data gotten and the explanation of the results. The research was experimental, specifically quasi-experiment, with the application of a pre-test and post-test. The sample was 32 students of second grade, parallel A of Basic General Education. The data collection techniques used were the interview and the writing tests, on the other hand, the data analysis techniques were explanatory, content and statistical. The results of the research were achieved through an organized diagnostic test (pre-test), interview directed to the classroom teacher, the application of didactic activities for the strengthening of writing, and finally the objective test (post-test) structured basis. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that the didactic activities strengthened the writing of the students, allowing them to improve the deficiencies they had.
KEYWORDS: Student; Writing; Activity.
Neuroeducación y su impacto en el proceso educativo de la Educación Superior
Authors: Barén Vinces Jéssica Alexandra , Ponce Vera Francisco Fabián , Zambrano Acosta Jimmy Manuel 
Published: July 2022

El cerebro del ser humano es un órgano con una complejidad sorprendente y es el producto que va evolucionando a través de la historia, por eso debemos dar una mirada que resulta crucial a la hora de proceder a su estudio; esta investigación de tipo bibliográfica empezará tomando en referencia la historia desde el inicio de la neurociencia y como se fue incorporando dentro del sistema educativo superior, para conocer ¿cómo aprendemos?, ¿qué factores influyen en el desarrollo cognitivo?, ¿cómo se puede potenciar el desarrollo cognitivo mediante la educación?, ¿qué problemas enfrenta las instituciones de Educación Superior?, y ¿cuáles son los campos de actuación de la Neuroeducación?¿ Cuál es el impacto que genera la psicología en el proceso pedagógico?, ¿Qué modelos o enfoques se plantean dentro del sistema educativo desde una mirada de la neurociencia?.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Neuroeducación; proceso educativo; Pedagogía.
Neuroeducation and its impact on the educational process of Higher Education
ABSTRACT
The human brain is an organ with surprising complexity, and it is the product that evolves throughout history, so we must look that is crucial when it comes to studying it; This bibliographic research will start by taking history as a reference from the beginning of neuroscience and how it was incorporated into the higher education system, to know how do we learn? What factors influence cognitive development? How can it be promoted cognitive development through education? What problems do higher education institutions face? And what are the fields of action of neuroeducation? What is the impact that psychology generates in the pedagogical process? What models or approaches are proposed within the educational system from a neuroscience perspective?
KEYWORDS: Neuroeducation; educational process; pedagogy.