bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Regimes in Collisions of 3D Alfvén-wave Packets
Authors: Cerri S. S. , Passot T. , Laveder D. , Sulem P.-L. , Kunz M. W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Using three-dimensional gyrofluid simulations, we revisit the problem of Alfvén-wave (AW) collisions as building blocks of the Alfvénic turbulent cascade and their interplay with magnetic reconnection at magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) scales. Depending on the large-scale value of the nonlinearity parameter χ
0 (the ratio between the AW linear propagation time and nonlinear turnover time), different regimes are observed. For strong nonlinearities (χ
0 ∼ 1), turbulence is consistent with a dynamically aligned, critically balanced cascade—fluctuations exhibit a scale-dependent alignment

sin

θ

k

⊥

∝

k

⊥

−
1

/

4

, resulting in a

k

⊥

−
3

/

2

spectrum and

k

∥

∝

k

⊥

1

/

2

spectral anisotropy. At weaker nonlinearities (small χ
0), a spectral break marking the transition between a large-scale weak regime and a small-scale

k

⊥

−
11

/

5

tearing-mediated range emerges, implying that dynamic alignment occurs also for weak nonlinearities. At χ
0 < 1 the alignment angle

θ

k

⊥

shows a stronger scale dependence than in the χ
0 ∼ 1 regime, namely

sin

θ

k

⊥

∝

k

⊥

−
1

/

2

at χ
0 ∼ 0.5, and

sin

θ

k

⊥

∝

k

⊥

−
1

at χ
0 ∼ 0.1. Dynamic alignment in the weak regime also modifies the large-scale spectrum, scaling approximately as

k

⊥

−
3

/

2

for χ
0 ∼ 0.5 and as

k

⊥

−
1

for χ
0 ∼ 0.1. A phenomenological theory of dynamically aligned turbulence at weak nonlinearities that can explain these spectra and the transition to the tearing-mediated regime is provided; at small χ
0, the strong scale dependence of the alignment angle combines with the increased lifetime of turbulent eddies to allow tearing to onset and mediate the cascade at scales that can be larger than those predicted for a critically balanced cascade by several orders of magnitude. Such a transition to tearing-mediated turbulence may even supplant the usual weak-to-strong transition.
Improved Measurements of Galaxy Star Formation Stochasticity from the Intrinsic Scatter of Burst Indicators
Authors: Broussard Adam , Gawiser Eric , Iyer Kartheik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Measurements of short-timescale star formation variations (i.e., “burstiness” or star formation stochasticity) are integral to our understanding of star formation feedback mechanisms and the assembly of stellar populations in galaxies. We expand upon the work of Broussard et al. by introducing a new analysis of galaxy star formation burstiness that accounts for variations in the

Q

sg

=
E

B
−
V

stars

/

E

B
−
V

gas

distribution, a major confounding factor. We use Balmer decrements from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey to measure Q

sg
, which we use to construct mock catalogs from the Santa Cruz Semi-Analytic Models and Mufasa cosmological hydrodynamical simulation based on 3D-HST, Fiber Multi-Object Spectrograph (FMOS)-COSMOS, and MOSDEF galaxies with Hα detections. The results of the mock catalogs are compared against observations using the burst indicator

η
=

log

10

(

SFR

H
α

/

SFR

NUV

)

, with the standard deviation of the η distribution indicating burstiness. We find decent agreement between mock and observed η distribution shapes; however, the FMOS-COSMOS and MOSDEF mocks show a systematically low median and scatter in η in comparison to the observations. This work also presents the novel approach of analytically deriving the relationship between the intrinsic scatter in η, scatter added by measurement uncertainties, and observed scatter, resulting in an intrinsic burstiness measurement of 0.06–0.16 dex.
Measurement Properties of Outcome Instruments for Large-Vessel Vasculitis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Boleto Gonçalo , Berti Alvise , Merkel Peter A. , Aydin Sibel Zehra , Direskeneli Haner , Dejaco Christian , Hassett Leslie C. , Carmona Loreto , Ramiro Sofia 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo systematically review the measurement properties of outcome instruments used in large-vessel vasculitis (LVV).MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched for studies published from inception to July 14, 2020, that addressed measurement properties of instruments used in giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TA). The measurement properties of the instruments identified were collected following the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) and Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) frameworks. Instruments were grouped according to the following domains measured: disease activity/damage, organ function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL)/health status.ResultsFrom 3534 articles identified, 13 met the predefined criteria. These studies addressed 12 instruments: 4 specific to TA, 2 designed for all types of systemic vasculitis, and 6 non–disease-specific instruments. No instruments specific to GCA were identified. Regarding TA, the Indian Takayasu Clinical Activity Score (ITAS) showed very good consistency, adequate reliability, but doubtful validity for disease activity. The Disease Extent Index-Takayasu (DEI-Tak) showed adequate construct validity but doubtful discriminating validity for disease activity/damage. Instruments, including the Vasculitis Damage Index and the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score, were poorly assessed for disease activity/damage. In total, 6 non–vasculitis-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments showed inadequate validity in GCA/TA.ConclusionThe measurement properties of 12 outcome instruments for LVV covering the OMERACT domains of disease activity/damage, organ function, and HRQOL were assessed. The ITAS and the DEI-Tak were the instruments with the most adequate measurement properties for disease activity/damage in TA. Disease activity/damage instruments specific to GCA, as well as validated PROs for both GCA and TA, are lacking.
Management of Enthesitis in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: An Updated Literature Review Informing the 2021 GRAPPA Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Eder Lihi , Mathew Ashish J. , Carron Philippe , Bertheussen Heidi , Cañete Juan D. , Azem May , Sedie Andrea Delle , Salvarani Carlo , Ranza Roberto , Elliott Ashley , Turkiewicz Anthony , de Toledo Ricardo Acayaba , Bukulmez Hulya , Stoenoiu Maria S. , Mandelin Arthur M. , Koehm Michaela , Lindsay Chris A. , Siegel Evan , Mease Philip J. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveEnthesitis is a key pathological and clinical feature of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in children and adults. Enthesitis is typically assessed clinically using several validated enthesitis scoring systems that have been used in clinical trials. Enthesitis treatment response has been reported as change in the total enthesitis score or the proportion of patients who achieved complete resolution. The majority of trials in PsA did not require patients to have enthesitis at study entry since enthesitis was evaluated only as a secondary outcome. Despite the inherent limitations of the clinical assessment of enthesitis, imaging of the entheses using ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging has rarely been used in clinical trials to assess response to treatment of enthesitis. This systematic review summarizes existing evidence regarding pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions for enthesitis in patients with PsA to facilitate an evidence-based update of the Group for Research and Assessment in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) treatment recommendations for PsA.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature review to identify 41 randomized clinical trials that reported enthesitis treatment response in patients with PsA. For each intervention, the response effect size was summarized and the quality of evidence was graded. Recommendations were then formulated for the various pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies.ResultsWe included 41 randomized clinical trials in our review and graded each intervention.ConclusionSeveral classes of systemic conventional and advanced therapies and local measures were recommended for active enthesitis in patients with PsA.
Circadian Rhythmicity of Vital Signs at Intensive Care Unit Discharge and Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Boots Rob , Xue George , Tromp Dirk , Rawashdeh Oliver , Bellapart Judith , Townsend Shane , Rudd Michael , Winter Craig , Mitchell Gary , Garner Nicholas , Clement Pierre , Karamujic Nermin , Zappala Christopher 
Published: November 2022

Background
Physiological functions with circadian rhythmicity are often disrupted during illness.

Objective
To assess the utility of circadian rhythmicity of vital signs in predicting outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
A retrospective single-center cohort study of adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with largely isolated TBI to explore the relationship between the circadian rhythmicity of vital signs during the last 24 hours before ICU discharge and clinical markers of TBI severity and score on the Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months after injury (GOS-6).

Results
The 130 study participants had a median age of 39.0 years (IQR, 23.0-59.0 years), a median Glasgow Coma Scale score at the scene of 8.0 (IQR, 3.0-13.0), and a median Rotterdam score on computed tomography of the head of 3 (IQR, 3-3), with 105 patients (80.8%) surviving to hospital discharge. Rhythmicity was present for heart rate (30.8% of patients), systolic blood pressure (26.2%), diastolic blood pressure (20.0%), and body temperature (26.9%). Independent predictors of a dichotomized GOS-6 ≥4 were the Rotterdam score (odds ratio [OR], 0.38 [95% CI, 0.18-0.81]; P = .01), Glasgow Coma Scale score at the scene (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.05-1.41]; P = .008), age (OR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.92-0.98]; P = .003), oxygen saturation &lt;90% in the first 24 hours (OR, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.05-0.73]; P = .02), serum sodium level &lt;130 mmol/L (OR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.05-0.70]; P = .01), and active intracranial pressure management (OR, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.04-0.62]; P = .008), but not rhythmicity of any vital sign.

Conclusion
Circadian rhythmicity of vital signs at ICU discharge is not predictive of GOS-6 in patients with TBI.
Analysis of Prognostic Factors, Extent of Resection, and Long-Term Outcome of Craniopharyngioma in Adults and Children
Authors: Sadashivam Saravanan , Menon Girish , Abraham Mathew , Nair Suresh Narayanan 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Surgical management of craniopharyngioma is debatable and still lacks clear guidelines. Long-term complications are attributed to radical resection of the tumor. Extent of resection may not be the only factor which determines the functional outcome, because studies have reported hypothalamic and visual morbidities even with conservative resection. In this article, we analyze the extent of resection, long-term outcome, and various prognostic factors in adults and children.

Materials and Methods:
Newly diagnosed cases of craniopharyngioma operated between 2001 and 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. PFS and OS were calculated. Predictors of various outcome parameters were analyzed.

Results:
Of 140 patients, 41% were children and 59% were adults. Postoperatively, vision has improved in 63% and worsened in 12%. GTR was achieved in 66%. The median follow-up was 67 months. PFS at 5 and 10 years was 95% and 41.5%, respectively. OS at 5 and 10 years was 92.6% and 89.5%, respectively. Symptoms of raised ICP and hypothalamic involvement, extensive calcifications, tumor size >5 cm, and multi-compartmental tumors were associated with presence of residual tumor. Regression analysis showed symptoms of hypothalamic involvement, size of the tumor > 5 cm, and hydrocephalus predicted postoperative hypothalamic morbidities. No significant difference was found in postoperative visual, endocrinological, hypothalamic, and functional outcomes between GTR and STR.

Conclusion:
Conservative resection should be carried out in patients with preoperative hypothalamic symptoms and imaging evidence of extensive hypothalamic involvement. Size of the tumor and invasiveness are the other factors should be considered before radical excision of craniopharyngiomas.
A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional, Observational Study on Epilepsy and its Management Practices in India
Authors: Mehndiratta Man Mohan , Kukkuta Sarma Gosala Raja , Tripathi Manjari , Ravat Sangeeta , Gopinath Siby , Babu Suresh , Mishra Usha K. 
Published: November 2022

Background:Although epilepsy is a common neurological condition, there is paucity of nationwide data on treatment patterns and sociodemographic and clinical factors affecting treatment decisions in India.Objective:To assess clinical profiles, usage pattern of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and seizure control among patients with epilepsy in India.Methods:This was a cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study on adult patients with epilepsy who were on AEDs for at least six months before enrollment. Data were collected from patient interviews and medical records.Results:Out of 800 enrolled patients, a majority (69.0%) had generalized onset seizure in the six months before enrollment. The median age at epilepsy onset was 20.0 (1.0–64.0) years; 40.0% of the patients were females, 48.5% were married, 99.1% were literate, and 67.0% belonged to the lower or upper-middle socioeconomic class. Overall, 459 patients (57.4%) received AEDs as combination therapy. Most patients received levetiracetam (37.0%), sodium valproate (18.5%), carbamazepine (17.3%), or phenytoin (13.8%) as monotherapy, and clobazam (59.7%), levetiracetam (52.9%), carbamazepine (26.4%), sodium valproate (24.8%), or phenytoin (24.0%) in combination therapy. Quality of life was comparable for first- and third-generation AEDs. Adverse drug reactions were mostly attributed to dose modification or switching between drugs. No serious adverse drug reactions or new safety concerns were identified.Conclusions:Findings from this large, cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study indicate that first-generation AEDs sodium valproate and phenytoin continued to be used in a substantial number of patients on monotherapy and combination therapy in India, even though an increasing trend toward use of second-generation AEDs was noted in clinical practice.
Exposure to Organic Solvents and Neurobehavioral Assessment of Working Children of Informal Footwear Units of Agra, India
Authors: Tiwari Rajnarayan R , Tripathi Somnath R 
Published: November 2022

Background:Children aged 5 to 14 years are employed in the informal units of footwear making and are exposed to a mixture of organic solvents present in the adhesives. Organic solvents are reported to be toxic to the neurobehavioral system.Objective:The present study was undertaken among the working children of informal footwear units of Agra to assess neurobehavioral functions using neurobehavioral tests.Materials and Methods:The study included 151 working children and 157 school children. We used the interview technique to collect the data regarding demographic, occupational, personal, and clinical characteristics using a pre-designed and pre-tested proforma. Each study participant was then subjected to a neurobehavioral test battery that included digit symbol test, finger dexterity, tweezer dexterity, vocabulary test, picture completion, and maze completion test.Results:The mean age of working children was 10.8 ± 1.5 years and that of school children was 11.0 ± 1.5 years. Except for the vocabulary test scores, all other test scores were significantly lower among working children as compared with the school children.Conclusion:The study revealed that the working children in informal footwear making units are exposed to a mixture of chemicals that affect their neurobehavioral function as reflected by poor neurobehavioral test battery (NBT) scores.
Carotid Health in Patients with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Shah Naman M , Saroja Aralikatte Onkarappa , Naik Karkal Ravishankar , Goudar Pradeep S 
Published: November 2022

Background:Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon cause of stroke and shares common risk factors with arterial strokes such as hyperhomocysteinemia, tobacco, alcohol, drugs, and hypercoagulable state. These risk factors can alter both arterial and venous health leading to the occurrence of atherosclerosis in CVT patients.Aims:To evaluate carotid hemodynamics in CVT patients.Settings and Design:Prospective hospital-based case-control study.Methods:This study included 50 consecutive CVT patients and 50 healthy controls. The demographic data, vascular risk factors, clinical data, biochemical, and radiological parameters were recorded. Carotid sonography was performed in CVT patients within the first 24 h of admission.Statistical Analysis:MedCalc 17.Results:The age of the patients was 35.04 ± 9.48 years and the controls 38.88 ± 10.41 years with male preponderance in both groups. Risk factors for atherosclerosis among patients included hyperhomocysteinemia (40 patients), diabetes mellitus (4 patients), hypertension (9 patients), alcohol (17 patients), and tobacco (21 patients). Eight patients had abnormal carotid sonography. Six had nonflow-limiting plaques, one had carotid occlusion, two had increased intimal-medial thickness, and one had increased peak systolic velocity. Among the controls, three subjects had nonflow-limiting plaques. There was no difference in carotid hemodynamic parameters between controls and patients; and those with normal and elevated homocysteine.Conclusion:This is the first study to our knowledge looking at carotid health in venous strokes. The relative risk for carotid atherosclerosis in CVT patients is higher and requires long-term follow-up for the initiation of preventive measures.
Central Skull Base Osteomyelitis
Authors: Maramattom Boby V. , Ram S Ananth , Viswam Vineeth , Nair Shagos 
Published: November 2022

Background:Central or atypical skull base osteomyelitis (CSBO) often presents with severe unrelenting headache and progressive mono or polyneuritis cranialis. MRI and CT are used as initial imaging techniques but have a poor specificity and sensitivity.Objective:To analyze our cohort of CSBO.Materials and Methods:Over a 5-year period [2015–2020], we retrospectively analyzed the records of all patients with CSBO who had undergone a 3T MRI Brain, MR angiography, regional FDG PET-CT, and skeletal scintigraphy with 99mTc MDP/SPECT-CT. Surgical biopsy specimens were sent for bacterial and fungal cultures.Results:In total, 17 patients with CSBO were identified. Typically, 88% of patients presented with severe unilateral headache. All patients had at least a cranial mono or polyneuritis. The majority of patients were diabetic [64%]. MRI was normal in 42% of patients, whereas PET-CT and with 99mTc MDP scan and SPECT-CT were abnormal in all patients.Conclusion:Our series of CSBO showed a 40% mortality rate with significant morbidity and relentless progression. Patients required repeated PET CT and bone scans to detect regression of disease activity. The average duration of IV therapy ranged from 3 weeks to 9 months and oral therapy for around 2–3 months. Cure was defined after taking into account the original diagnosis, symptom resolution, and concordant reduction of tissue uptake on PET CT and 99mTc bone scan. The combination of MRI, FDG PET CT, and 99mTc bone scan with concurrent SPECT CT was able to detect disease and disease progression in all patients.
Modified Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Bai Xuesong , Feng Yao , Zhang Yinhang , Yang Renjie , Yang Yutong , Wang Tao , Xu Ran , Ma Yan , Jiao Liqun 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been the standard therapy for carotid artery stenosis (CAS). Modified eversion carotid endarterectomy (mECEA) was recently introduced to treat CAS. However, the short-term safety and long-term efficacy of mECEA are still controversial among studies. This systematic review aims to summarize the current literatures about safety and efficacy of mECEA in treating CAS.

Methods:
A systematic review of mECEA was conducted in the main bibliographic databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of mECEA in treating CAS with clinical results of transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, death, and restenosis were included.

Results:
The initial search and screening found 15 references from the main databases, and 7 studies were finally included after full-text article assessment, which consisted of 3 single-arm studies and 4 comparative studies. The risks of postoperative complications including TIA, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and death ranged from 1.1% to 2%, 0% to 2.5%, 0% to 4.4%, and 0% to 2.32%, respectively. The mECEA was significantly related to lower risk of carotid artery occlusion, incision numbness, and shorter lengths of stay in hospital and average scar when separately compared with conventional CEA (cCEA), CEA with patch closure (pCEA), and eversion CEA (eCEA).

Conclusions:
The mECEA is a promising surgical option for CAS with acceptable clinical outcomes. In order to prove its safety and efficacy, future practices need to be conducted by more medical workers in more large-scale trials.
Isolated Fetal Ventriculomegaly- Postnatal Outcomes and Proposed New Prognostication Classification
Authors: Tank Nilesh , Bawa Monika , Kanojia Ravi P , Singh Tulika , Samujh Ram 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Outcome of Isolated ventriculomegaly diagnosed antenatally depends on size of ventricles and associated malformations. There is scarcity of literature on the guidelines for prognostication based on outcomes as per the ventricle size.

Aim:
The aim of this work was to study outcome of antenatally detected isolated ventriculomegaly in terms of medical termination, postnatal neuro-developmental milestones, and mortality; and also to propose a new prognostication classification.

Methods:
Prospective and retrospective observational study on antenatal mothers with isolated ventriculomegaly diagnosed in fetus. Outcomes in terms of termination of pregnancy, postnatal mortality, need of surgery, and morbidity were recorded. Patients were categorized into four groups: Group 1––ventricle size <10 mm, II––11–15 mm, III––16–20 mm, and IV > 20 mm and neuro-developmental milestones were co-related. Association with chromosomal anomalies, congenital heart disease, and maternal infection were also analyzed.

Results:
521 antenatal females were referred with fetal anomalies with 163 having CNS malformations. Isolated ventriculomegaly was seen in only 44. Patients of groups 1 and 2 had 100% normal neuro-developmental milestones without any intervention. Group 3 patients had normal neurodevelopmental milestones in 60% only while shunt surgery was required in 40% of patients. All patients of group 4 had poor outcome with only 50% survival. No association with chromosomal anomalies and heart disease was found.

Conclusions:
Prognosis of isolated ventriculomegaly depends upon size of ventricles and its progressive increase on serial ultrasounds. New proposed classification is simple and would be useful for the treating surgeons to explain the prognosis to parents so as to relieve them of anxiety.