bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parthenolide promotes expansion of Nestin+ progenitor cells via Shh modulation and contributes to post-injury cerebellar replenishment
Authors: Jinling Dong , Liyuan Feng , Wenying Fu , Yuting Huang , Xiangyu Tang , Xiuning Huang , Yu Tang , Qianliang Ming , Linming Guo , Ning Gao , Peng Li 
Published: October 2022

Background: Regeneration of injuries occurring in the central nervous system is extremely difficult. Studies have shown that the developing cerebellum can be repopulated by a group of Nestin-expressing progenitors (NEPs) after irradiation injury, suggesting that modulating the mobilization of NEPs is beneficial to promoting nerve regeneration. To date, however, effect of exogenous pharmaceutical agonist on NEPs mobilization remains unknown. Parthenolide (PTL), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from shoots of feverfew. Although it has been shown to possess several pharmacological activities and is considered to have potential therapeutic effects on the regeneration of peripheral nerve injury, its efficacy in promoting central nervous system (CNS) regeneration is unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role and possible mechanism of PTL on regeneration in injured CNS after irradiation using a developing cerebellum model.Methods: We investigated the radioprotective effects of PTL on the developing cerebellum by immunoblotting as well as immunofluorescence staining and ROS detection in vivo and in vitro experiments, and then determined the effects of PTL on NEPs in Nestin CFP and Nestin GFP fluorescent mice. Inducible lineage tracing analysis was used in Nestin-CreERT2×ROSA26-LSL YFP mice to label and track the fate of NEPs in the cerebellum after irradiation. Combined with cell biology and molecular biology techniques to determine changes in various cellular components in the cerebellum and possible mechanisms of PTL on NEPs mobilization in the injured developing cerebellum.Results: We found that PTL could attenuate radiation-induced acute injury of granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) in irradiated cerebellar external granule layer (EGL) by alleviating apoptosis through regulation of the cells’ redox state. Moreover, PTL increased cerebellar Shh production and secretion by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus promoting expansion of NEPs, which is the compensatory replenishment of granule neurons after radiation damage.Conclusion: Collectively, our results indicate that activation and expansion of NEPs are critical for regeneration of the injured cerebellum, and that PTL is a promising drug candidate to influence this process.
The hydrogen bond rotation of confined water affected by quantum resonance tunnelling
Authors: Yang Xinrui , Jin Le , Zhu Yu , Zhang Zhiyuan , Liu Rui , Wang Zhigang 
Published: October 2022

In this work, we report quantum tunnelling effects on the confined water chain flipping, different from the spatial size and even electronic correlation effects of the confinement environment. First-principles calculations and analyses confirm that quantum tunnelling from the water chain itself enhances the hydrogen bond rotation. Importantly, the neglected resonant tunnelling can result in tunnelling rotation of hydrogen bonds with a probability close to 1 through the provided 0.6 eV energy, while the probability of generally recognized sequential tunnelling is only 10−6. Not only that, compared to sequential tunnelling, resonant tunnelling leads to a 20 K higher flipping temperature of the water chain. Additionally, the ratio of the resonant tunnelling probability to the thermal disturbance probability at 200 K is at least ten times larger than that of sequential tunnelling, which further illustrates the enhancement of hydrogen bond rotation brought about by resonant tunnelling.
Cardiac ischemia modulates white adipose tissue in a depot-specific manner
Authors: Wang Luzhou , Zabri Heba , Gorressen Simone , Semmler Dominik , Hundhausen Christian , Fischer Jens W. , Bottermann Katharina 
Published: October 2022

The incidence of heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) remains high and the underlying causes are incompletely understood. The crosstalk between heart and adipose tissue and stimulated lipolysis has been identified as potential driver of heart failure. Lipolysis is also activated acutely in response to MI. However, the role in the post-ischemic remodeling process and the contribution of different depots of adipose tissue is unclear. Here, we employ a mouse model of 60 min cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) to monitor morphology, cellular infiltrates and gene expression of visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue depots (VAT and SAT) for up to 28 days post ischemia. We found that in SAT but not VAT, adipocyte size gradually decreased over the course of reperfusion and that these changes were associated with upregulation of UCP1 protein, indicating white adipocyte conversion to the so-called ‘brown-in-white’ phenotype. While this phenomenon is generally associated with beneficial metabolic consequences, its role in the context of MI is unknown. We further measured decreased lipogenesis in SAT together with enhanced infiltration of MAC-2+ macrophages. Finally, quantitative PCR analysis revealed transient downregulation of the adipokines adiponectin, leptin and resistin in SAT. While adiponectin and leptin have been shown to be cardioprotective, the role of resistin after MI needs further investigation. Importantly, all significant changes were identified in SAT, while VAT was largely unaffected by MI. We conclude that targeted interference with lipolysis in SAT may be a promising approach to promote cardiac healing after ischemia.
Relations among perceived stress, fatigue, and sleepiness, and their effects on the ambulatory arterial stiffness index in medical staff: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lang Xiaorong , Wang Quan , Huang Sufang , Feng Danni , Ding Fengfei , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the relations among perceived stress, fatigue, sleepiness, and the pathway of their effects on the ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) among medical staff.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China. Perceived stress, fatigue, and sleepiness were measured using the perceived stress scale (PSS), Fatigue assessment scale (FAS), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), respectively. AASI was obtained from 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Path analysis was used to clarify the relations among the PSS, FAS, and ESS scores, and their relations to AASI values.ResultsA total of 153 participants were included herein. The PSS and FAS correlated with the ESS (r = 0.424, p &lt; 0.001), and the PSS correlated with the FAS (r = 0.614, p &lt; 0.001). In addition, the ESS correlated with the AASI (r = 0.225, p = 0.005). According to the path analysis results, the PSS and FAS had no direct effect on the AASI, but did have an indirect effect on this index (β = 0.059, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.017–0.128, p = 0.005; β = 0.059, 95%CI = 0.016–0.135, p = 0.006, respectively) by influencing the ESS (β = 0.263, β = 0.262, p = 0.004).ConclusionSleepiness was a mediator of the effects of perceived stress and fatigue on AASI.
Innate ability, health, motivation, and social capital as predictors of students’ cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning outcomes in secondary schools
Authors: Owan Valentine Joseph , Ekpenyong John Asuquo , Chuktu Onyinye , Asuquo Michael Ekpenyong , Ogar Joseph Ojishe , Owan Mercy Valentine , Okon Sylvia 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies assessing students’ learning outcomes and identifying contributing factors have often dwelt on the cognitive domain. Furthermore, school evaluation decisions are often made using scores from cognitive-based tests to rank students. This practice often skews evaluation results, given that education aims to improve the three learning domains. This study addresses this gap by assessing the contributions of four students’ input to their cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills (CAPs).MethodsA cross-section of senior secondary class II students (n = 870), sampled through the multistage procedure, participated in a physical survey. Students’ Inputs Questionnaire (STIQ) and Learning Outcomes Questionnaire (LOQ) were used for data collection. Based on data obtained from a pilot sample (n = 412), principal axis factoring (PAF) was performed to assess the internal structure of the instruments following an oblique rotation. The KMO value of sampling adequacy were 0.88 and 0.94, while the Bartlett’s test of sphericity were significant χ2(253) = 5,010; p &lt; 0.001 and χ2(105) = 3693.38, p &lt; 0.001 for the STIQ and LOQ, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the models’ acceptability based on the maximum likelihood estimation technique. The main study used hierarchical linear regression for data analysis.ResultsFindings indicated that innate ability, health, motivation and social capital relatively and cumulatively predicted students’ overall, cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning outcomes. The proportion of variance explained by the predictors increased at different levels of the models with the addition of new variables. Students’ social capital reduced the effect of students’ innate ability regardless of their motivation and health status.Conclusion/implicationThis study has provided evidence that the four students’ inputs are crucial predictors of their learning outcomes in the three domains. This result is helpful for school management to provide services aimed at improving the school climate for students’ motivation and social capital. The result can provide policymakers with a proper understanding of the constituents of learning outcomes and how policies can be aligned to secure quality student inputs for maximum productivity in education.
A comparison of perceptual anticipation in combat sports between experts and non-experts: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Piras Alessandro , Chen Chao , Kong Bin , Wang Dexin 
Published: October 2022

In order to systematically evaluate perceptual anticipation between experts and non-experts for different kinds of combat sports, we needed to perform a comprehensive assessment. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched four English-language and three Chinese-language databases that used expert/non-expert research paradigms, to explore perceptual anticipation in combat sports. We employed a random effects model for pooled analyses using the inverse variance method. We included 27 eligible studies involving 233 datasets in this meta-analysis. We observed large effect sizes for the differences between experts and non-experts in both response accuracy (1.51; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.87, p &lt; 0.05) and reaction time (-0.91; 95% CI: −1.08 to−0.73, p &lt; 0.05). We also observed substantial differences between experts and non-experts in the mean duration of visual fixations per trial (1.51; 95% CI: −2.40 to −0.63, p &lt; 0.05), but not in the visual fixation duration (0.16; −061 to 0.92, p = 0.69). Taken together, high-level combat athletes have more advantages in perceptual anticipation than lower-level athletes, showing faster and more accurate responses when facing the opponent's attacks, as well as focusing on fewer points of visual fixations than novice athletes. Different types of combat sports and stimulus presentations affect perceptual anticipation abilities to varying extents in relation to outcome measures, with more pronounced expertise in a stimulus that is closer to real-world situations.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021226343, PROSPERO CRD42021226343.
Virtual Reality Animal Rescue World: Pediatric virtual reality analgesia during just noticeable pressure pain in children aged 2–10 years old (crossover design)
Authors: Alrimy Taima , Alhalabi Wadee , Malibari Areej A. , Alzahrani Fatma Salih , Alrajhi Sharifah , Alhalabi Mohammed , Hoffman Hunter G. 
Published: October 2022

Background and aimsExcessive pain during medical procedures is a worldwide medical problem. Most scald burns occur in children under 6, who are often undermedicated. Adjunctive Virtual Reality (VR) distraction has been shown to reduce pain in children aged 6–17, but little is known about VR analgesia in young children. This study tests whether desktop VR (VR Animal Rescue World) can reduce the just noticeable pressure pain of children aged 2–10.MethodsA within-subject repeated measures design was used. With treatment order randomized, each healthy volunteer pediatric participant underwent brief cutaneous pressure stimuli under three conditions: (1) no distraction, (2) a verbal color naming task (no VR), and (3) a large TV-based desktop VR distraction. A hand-held Wagner pressure pain stimulation device was used to generate just noticeable pain sensations. Participants indicated when a steadily increasing non-painful pressure stimulus first turned into a painful pressure sensation (just noticeable pain).ResultsA total of 40 healthy children participated (43% aged 2–5 years; and 57% aged 6–10 years). Compared to the no distraction condition, the 40 children showed significant VR analgesia (i.e., a significant reduction in pain sensitivity during the VR Animal Rescue World condition), t(39) = 9.83, p &lt; 0.001, SD = 6.24. VR was also significantly more effective at reducing pain sensitivity vs. an auditory color naming task, t(39) = 5.42, p &lt; 0.001, SD = 5.94. The subset of children aged 2–5 showed significant reductions in pain during VR. Children under 6 showed greater sensitivity to pain during no distraction than children aged 6–10.ConclusionDuring no distraction, children under 6 years old were significantly more sensitive to pain than children aged 6–10. Virtual reality (VR) significantly reduced the “just noticeable” pressure pain sensitivity of children in both age groups.
Physician assisted-dying in mentally and somatically ill individuals in Switzerland: Protocol for survey-based study
Authors: Kowalinski Eva , Ziltener Tiziana , Staub Sarah , Moeller Julian , Trachsel Manuel , Schneeberger Andres R. , Franke Irina , Lang Undine E. , Huber Christian G. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundArticle 115 of the Swiss Penal Code (StGB) permits physician-assisted dying (PAD), provided it is not performed for “selfish reasons,” and thus, occupies a special role in international comparison. However, the Swiss federal law does not regulate who exactly is entitled to access PAD, and there is no universal agreement in the concerned professional societies. Additional uncertainty arises when assessing the wish for PAD of a mentally ill person compared to a somatically ill person.ObjectivesThis study aims to contribute to the discussion of PAD among the mentally ill and to provide insight into the current situation in Switzerland.MethodsThis is a monocentric prospective observational survey-based study. We will conduct an exploratory online/telephone survey about PAD in somatic vs. mental illness in Switzerland. The survey sample will comprise 10,000 Swiss residents of the general population from all three language regions (German, Italian, and French) as well as 10,000 medical professionals working in the seven states (“cantons”) of Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Aargau, Lucerne, Graubünden, Ticino, and Vaud. Opinions on PAD in mentally and somatically ill patients will be assessed using 48 different case vignettes. Each participant will be randomly assigned a somatic terminal, a somatic non-terminal, and a mental non-terminal case vignette. Furthermore, the attitude toward the ethical guidelines of the Swiss Medical Association of 2004, 2018, and 2022, as well as the stigmatization of mentally ill people will be assessed.DiscussionPhysician-assisted dying in mentally ill persons is a highly relevant yet controversial topic. On the one hand, mentally ill persons must not be discriminated against in their desire for PAD compared to somatically ill persons while at the same time, their vulnerability must be considered. On the other hand, treating physicians must be protected in their ethical integrity and need security when judging PAD requests. Despite its relevance, data on PAD in the mentally ill is sparse. To regulate PAD for the mentally ill, it is therefore important for Switzerland—but also internationally—to gain more insight into the ongoing debate.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT 05492461.
Prevalence and characteristics of registered falls in a Belgian University Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: de Smet Lynn , Carpels Arnout , Creten Lotte , De Pauw Louise , Van Eldere Laura , Desplenter Franciska , De Hert Marc 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesFalls in elderly patients treated in general hospitals have already been the focus of several studies. Research within psychiatric settings, however, remains limited, despite the fact that this population has a number of characteristics that could increase the fall risk. The aim of this retrospective study was to estimate the prevalence of falling in patients with a psychiatric hospital setting.MethodsA retrospective descriptive chart review of falls registered in the period July 1, 2013 until June 30, 2019 in a Belgian University Psychiatric Hospital was conducted. Data were collected from the “patient related incident report and management system” (PiMS) of the hospital. All registered falls of all hospitalized patients were included in the study.ResultsDuring the 6-year study period an incidence of 4.4 falls per 1,000 patient days was found. Only 0.5% of the falls resulted in severe injury and none of these falls were fatal. Eighty percent of falls involved a patient over the age of 65. Only 25.0% of the elderly patients suffered physical consequences, while injuries were present in 31.4% of adults and 68.2% of young patients. The two most common causes of a fall were the health status (63.3%) and the behavior (55.1%) of the patient.ConclusionThe estimated prevalence of falls in our study was generally in line with the rates found in literature on falls in psychiatric settings. Falls in psychiatric settings occur both in younger and older patients, suggesting that all age categories deserve sufficient attention in fall prevention policies. However, more research is necessary to improve fall prevention policies.
The prescribing pattern of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patient with type two diabetes mellitus: A two-center retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Korayem Ghazwa B. , Alshaya Omar A. , Alghamdi Albandari A. , Alanazi Shahad S. , Almutib Renad T. , Alsaileek Mahdi , Alrashidi Abdulrahman , Aldosari Nasser , Bin Sheraim Nader , Al Yami Majed S. , Almohammed Omar A. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains limited, especially in those with other compelling indications. Thus, this study aimed to describe the prescribing patterns of GLP-1-RA and SGLT2i in patients with T2DM and to determine the factors that affect the prescribing of these medications.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed the electronic health records of adult patients diagnosed with T2DM who received care between January and December 2020. The patients were classified according to their compelling indications into “patients who are more likely” to benefit from SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA and “patients who are less likely” to benefit from them. They were then further categorized depending on whether these medications were prescribed.ResultsA total of 1,220 patients were included; most were female (56.9%). SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA were preferably prescribed in only 19% of the patients for reasons including BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 (85.6%), uncontrolled T2DM (68.5%), high risk for ASCVD (23.9%), or established ASCVD (14%). The remaining 81.0% were underprescribed these agents. Patients at an older age or with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack had higher odds of being underprescribed (OR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.03 and OR 2.86; 95% CI: 1.33–6.15), respectively.ConclusionThe results concur with those of previous studies highlighting the underutilization of GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i in patients with T2DM but also with compelling indications. To optimize the use of GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i for their additional benefits, prescribers need to assess the benefits of using these agents in patients who would likely benefit from them, regardless of DM control.
The effects of forest therapy on public mental health and circular economy: A policy support model in Japan
Authors: Zhang Shujian , Teng Junfei , Zeng Yan , Song Honglin , Gu Zhijun 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundForest therapy has gained popularity in Japan and even other nations/regions due to its health benefits. In addition, forest therapy has contributed to the development of circular economy and industrial upgrading. Japanese successful practice can serve as a model for other countries in the Asia-Pacific region. To this end, the aim of this study was to determine whether forest therapy can improve the whole well-being of the participants and has a positive effect on the development of circular economy in the region.MethodsBoth empirical and inductive research methods were used; empirical approach was conducted to perform comparative analysis of regional data that was retrieved from the research project of Japanese Forestry Agency in 2015. Specifically, the efficacy of forest therapy on physical (blood glucose, blood pressure, body weight) and mental (sleep quality e.g.,) health outcomes among 815 participants was investigated. Regional data are from the statistics of Iiyama City from 1990 to 2005. After the concept of forest therapy became popular in the late 1990s, this element had a great positive impact on the economic benefits of Ishiyama City and other major forest scenic areas. We summarize and analyze a series of policies made by relevant departments of the Japanese government in the years from 2019 to 2021 to promote forest therapy and related circular industry development.ResultsSignificant (pre-to-post participation) changes in physical measure was observed. Firstly, mean weight of those overweight participants decreased across three different time points (pre-test/enrollment = 79.7 kg, 3-month participation = 77.2, and 6-month participation = 76.8 kg), while overall mean weight of the participants decreased to 61, 60.5, and 60.4 kg, respectively. Secondly, Participant with normal weight showed a decrease on mean HbA1C (from 6.09 to 6.06) at Week 24, while overweight participants demonstrated a slight change 6.03–6.01 after 6 months the average HOMA-IR for overweight participants decreased from 3.5 to 2.5 at Week 24, while participants with normal weight demonstrated a decrease from 2.2 to 1.7 at Week 24. Forest Therapy has emerged in Japan since Mid-1990s and has attracted a large number of tourists all over the world due to its unique health benefits.ConclusionForest therapy in Japan has positive effects on whole well-being of Japanese residents and it has helped public mental health promotion and economic growth. Under the guidance and support of government policies, it can promote the development of circular economy and industrial transformation and set a model of Japanese forest therapy development for other countries in the Asia-Pacific region.