bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЛІДЕРСЬКІ ЯКОСТІ ОСОБИСТОСТІ ТА УМОВИ ЇХ ФОРМУВАННЯ: ІСТОРИКО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Kozhushko L. F. , Pakharenko O. V. 
Published: June 2022

У статті досліджуються поняття лідерства та лідерських якостей; з’ясовується принципова взаємозалежність функціональних лідерських ролей та типів лідерів; визначені особливості понять лідерства та керівництва. Показано, що в сучасному суспільстві різні ситуації вимагають різних рис лідерства і різних форм поведінки. Стаття присвячена дослідженню питань класифікації лідерів, особливостям та умовам формування лідерських якостей особистості. Приділено увагу розвитку індивідуальних особливостей організаційних здібностей. запропоновано взаємозв’язок інтелектуальних здібностей, рис характеру та професійних навичок лідера.
EVALUASI USER EXPERIENCE PADA GAME BELAJAR MUDAH HURUF HIJAIYAH DAN IQRO MENGGUNAKAN METODE THINK ALOUD
Authors: Abid Awaludin 
Published: June 2022

Smartphone bukan hal baru bagi kalangan anak-anak untuk usia 6-10 tahun. Disisi lain perkembangan aplikasi dan game untuk smartphone juga sangat pesat, dari permainan hingga konten Pendidikan. Game edukasi untuk smartphone salah satunya adalah Belajar Mudah huruf hijaiyah dan IQRO, game ini berisi permainan dan materi dalam belajar mengenal huruf hijaiyah serta belajar IQRO. Di Play Store Game tersebut masih dalam tahap pengembangan, dalam evaluasi User Expeience game ini melihat pada rating dan juga komentar, kurangnya data masih menjadi kendala maka dari itu perlu dilakukan pengujian yang lebih untuk pengembangan game dengan metode Usability Testing.Think Aloud adalah sebuah metode untuk menguji sebuah sistem yang melibatkan pengguna dengan cara verbalisasi secara berlanjut terhadap apa yang pengguna rasakan dan pikirkan ketika menggunakan sebuah sistem. Metode ini sangat cocok diterapkan mengingat game ini dikhususkan oleh anak yang kurang dalam menyampaikan pengalaman dalam mengggunakan game secara tertulis. Terdapat beberapa fitur yang harus diperbaiki dalam game ini.
Act 1, Act 2, Act 3, Act 3, Act 3…
Authors: Keerdo-Dawson Michael 
Published: June 2022

Playwriting guides, creative writing handbooks, and screenwriting manuals are replete with guidance as to how an author should express their themes. One common rule of thumb is that the climax is where the themes, the characters, and the narrative’s result converge in the terminal of the thematic statement. If the theme is established and elaborated on during a film, then its climax is where the film’s authors express their position on the matter through the narrative’s result or lack thereof. As part of my Ph.D. artistic research, I have written and directed an interactive film, The Limits of Consent; the film follows a tree-structure where the narrative splinters at the end of the second act and presents nine separate climaxes for the film. Each climax is significantly different in either its character-focus, action, tone, style, and, crucially, its expression of the film’s themes. In this article, by examining how the thematic portfolio of The Limits of Consent was established and then elaborated on in different ways depending on selected ending, I will explore the implications of this difference between a traditional film and an interactive film and how a filmmaker may present multiple thematic statements based on the same narrative.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 5-Fluoro-2-Oxindole Derivatives as Potential α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Lin Jing , Liang Qi-Ming , Ye Yuan-Na , Xiao Di , Lu Li , Li Meng-Yue , Li Jian-Ping , Zhang Yu-Fei , Xiong Zhuang , Feng Na , Li Chen 
Published: June 2022

α-Glucosidase inhibitors are known to prevent the digestion of carbohydrates and reduce the impact of carbohydrates on blood glucose. To develop novel α-glucosidase inhibitors, a series of 5-fluoro-2-oxindole derivatives (3a ∼ 3v) were synthesized, and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were investigated. Biological assessment results showed that most synthesized compounds presented potential inhibition on α-glucosidase. Among them, compounds 3d, 3f, and 3i exhibited much better inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 49.89 ± 1.16 μM, 35.83 ± 0.98 μM, and 56.87 ± 0.42 μM, respectively, which were about 10 ∼ 15 folds higher than acarbose (IC50 = 569.43 ± 43.72 μM). A kinetic mechanism study revealed that compounds 3d, 3f, and 3i inhibited the α-glucosidase in a reversible and mixed manner. Molecular docking was carried out to simulate the affinity between the compound and α-glucosidase.
The German EMPATHIC-30 Questionnaire Showed Reliability and Convergent Validity for Use in an Intermediary/General Pediatric Cardiology Unit: A Psychometric Evaluation
Authors: Girch Alona , Rippe Ralph C. A. , Latour Jos M. , Jönebratt Stocker Michaela , Blendermann Magdalena , Hoffmann Katharina , Heppner Hannes , Berger Felix , Schmitt Katharina R. L. , Ferentzi Hannah 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundFamily-Centered Care is a useful framework for improving care for hospitalized children with congenital heart disease. The EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care-30 (EMPATHIC-30) questionnaire is a widely accepted tool to measure parental satisfaction with Family-Centered Care. Psychometric properties of the EMPATHIC-30 have been evaluated in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units, but not in pediatric cardiac care units. Therefore, our aim was to assess the psychometric properties of the German EMPATHIC-30 in an intermediary/general pediatric cardiology unit.MethodsWe used data from a quality management survey comprising the German EMPATHIC-30, a sociodemographic questionnaire and four general satisfaction items. Data were collected at the intermediary/general pediatric cardiology unit of a specialized heart center in Germany (n = 366). We split the data randomly into two subsets. In the first subset, we assessed internal consistency reliability with McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha, and convergent validity using Spearman's rank correlation. Furthermore, we explored the internal structure with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In the second subset, we validated the resulting structure using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).ResultsThe reliability estimates exceeded 0.70 for all five domain scores and 0.90 for the full-scale score. Convergent validity between EMPATHIC-30 domain scores/ the full-scale score and the four general satisfaction items was adequate (rs = 0.40–0.74). The PCA suggested three components, accounting for 56.8% of the total variance. Cross-validation via CFA showed poor model fit (χ2 = 1545.78, χ2/df = 3.85, CFI = 0.70, TLI = 0.66, RMSEA = 0.13), indicating that the EMPATHIC-30 shows no clear and generalizable factor structure in this sample.DiscussionThe German version of the EMPATHIC-30 exhibited reasonable psychometric properties in an intermediary/general pediatric cardiology unit. Follow-up studies should investigate the factor structure of the EMPATHIC-30 in other pediatric inpatient care settings.
Duct Stenting vs. Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt: New Insights Learned From High-Risk Patients With Duct-Dependent Pulmonary Circulation
Authors: Mini Nathalie , Schneider Martin B. E. , Asfour Boulos , Mikus Marian , Zartner Peter A. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAs no data were available on the comparison of outcomes between modified Blalock-Taussig shunts (MBTs) vs. duct-stenting (DS) in patients with pulmonary atresia (PA) and an increased ductal tortuosity and in patients with pulmonary atresia and intact septum (PA-IVS) with right ventricle-dependent coronary circulation (RVDCC), we aimed to perform a single-center retrospective evaluation.MethodsBetween 2010 and 2019, 127 patients with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation (DDPC) underwent either MBTs (without additional repairs) (n = 56) or DS (n = 71). The primary endpoint was defined as arriving at the next planned surgery (Glenn or biventricular repair) avoiding one of the following: (1) unplanned surgery or unplanned perforation of the pulmonary valve (PVP) with a stent, (2) procedure-related permanent complications, and (3) death. Two subgroups were considered: (1) patients who had a ductal curvature index (DCI) &gt;0.45 (n = 32) and (2) patients with PA-IVS and RVDCC (n = 13). Ductal curvature index (DCI) was measured in all the patients to assess the tortuosity of the ducts. Patients with DCI &gt;0.45 were considered as being in a high-risk group for the duct-stenting; a previous study showed that the patients with a DCI &lt; 0.45 had a better outcome when compared with those with a DCI&gt; 0.45.ResultsThe primary outcome was achieved equally in the two groups (77.5% in DS, 75% in MBTs). Hospital deaths, need for ECMO, and the occurrence of major complications was more frequent in the group with MBTs with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 5, 0.8, and 4, respectively, and a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.1–22.6, 0.7–0.9, and 1.6–10.3, respectively, and a P-value &lt; 0.05. For the two subgroups, the primary outcome was achieved in 64% of patients with a DCI &gt;0.45 who received MBTs compared to 20% in those with DS (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2–10, P 0.005). While 74.1% of the patients with PA-IVS and RVDCC after DS had achieved the primary outcome, all patients with MBTs had an impaired outcome (OR 3.5, 95%CI 1–11.2, P 0.004).ConclusionMBTs showed a better outcome in patients with tortuous ducts compared to DS. DS seems to be superior in patients with DDPC with DCI &lt;0.45 and patients with PA-IVS with RVDCC.
Patient Work Personas of Type 2 Diabetes—A Data-Driven Approach to Persona Development and Validation
Authors: Galliford Natasha , Yin Kathleen , Blandford Ann , Jung Joshua , Lau Annie Y. S. 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionMany have argued that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to designing digital health is not optimal and that personalisation is essential to achieve targeted outcomes. Yet, most digital health practitioners struggle to identify which design aspect require personalisation. Personas are commonly used to communicate patient needs in consumer-oriented digital health design, however there is often a lack of reproducible clarity on development process and few attempts to assess their accuracy against the targeted population. In this study, we present a transparent approach to designing and validating personas, as well as identifying aspects of “patient work,” defined as the combined total of work tasks required to manage one's health and the contextual factors influencing such tasks, that are sensitive to an individual's context and may require personalisation.MethodsA data-driven approach was used to develop and validate personas for people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), focusing on patient work. Eight different personas of T2DM patient work were constructed based physical activity, dietary control and contextual influences of 26 elderly Australian participants (median age = 72 years) via wearable camera footage, interviews, and self-reported diaries. These personas were validated for accuracy and perceived usefulness for design, both by the original participants and a younger (median age bracket = 45–54 years) independent online cohort f 131 T2DM patients from the United Kingdom and the United States.ResultsBoth the original participants and the independent online cohort reported the personas to be accurate representations of their patient work routines. For the independent online cohort, 74% (97/131) indicated personas stratified to their levels of exercise and diet control were similar to their patient work routines. Findings from both cohorts highlight aspects that may require personalisation include daily routine, use of time, and social context.ConclusionPersonas made for a specific purpose can be very accurate if developed from real-life data. Our personas retained their accuracy even when tested against an independent cohort, demonstrating their generalisability. Our data-driven approach clarified the often non-transparent process of persona development and validation, suggesting it is possible to systematically identify whether persona components are accurate or. and which aspects require more personalisation and tailoring.
A Scoping Review of Internationalization of Dental Education—Identifying Formats and Motivations in Dental Education
Authors: Wu Anette , Shamim Abrar , Rahhal Zacharie , Kieff Monica , Lalla Evanthia , Torre Lynda , Zubiaurre Bitzer Laureen , Kunzel Carol 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundInternationalization efforts, including global health activities, in dental education can play an important role in preparing future oral healthcare professionals. To date, in the available literature, there is no common understanding of what internationalization of dental education might mean, and there are no agreed-upon standards relating to, or a common definition of, the term internationalization of dental education. Here, the authors investigate what has been published in the above area from 01/01/2000 to 12/31/2020, identifying perceived motivations and formats. A proposed definition and connection to the field of international higher education are provided.MethodsA scoping review of published literature was performed and identified 47 relevant articles. The articles were thematically sorted based on educational formats and concepts (previously established in international higher education) and motivations.ResultsDespite the paucity of articles directly addressing internationalization of dental education, there was a large variety of articles on topics that were identified to correlate with international higher education, ranging from international partnerships, student mobility, and language, to international curriculum at home—with different perceived motivations, including competition, international understanding, and social transformation.DiscussionMore research on internationalization of dental education is needed to provide guidelines and formalize standards for international educational goals to better align formats and motivations for international efforts in dental education.
Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Legacy and New Generation Perfluoralkyl Substances (PFAS) on Thyroid Cells In Vitro
Authors: De Toni Luca , Di Nisio Andrea , Rocca Maria Santa , Pedrucci Federica , Garolla Andrea , Dall’Acqua Stefano , Guidolin Diego , Ferlin Alberto , Foresta Carlo 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundPer- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are environment-persitent emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals raising health concerns worldwide. Exposure to PFAS has been associated with the imbalance of thyroid hormones. However, available studies addressing the cell mechanism underlying thyroid disrupting feature of legacy PFAS, such as perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro-octane-sulfonic acid (PFOS), and the new generation substitutes, such as C6O4, are still lacking. In this study the potential disrupting effect of PFOA, PFOS, and C6O4 on a murine thyroid cell model was assessed.MethodsA rat FRTL-5 cell line was used as the normal thyroid follicular cell model. Cell iodide-uptake, induced by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), was used to assess the functional impact of PFAS exposure on cell function. Tetrazolium salt-based cell viability assay and merocyanine 540-based cell staining were used to address the possible involvement of cell toxicity and membrane biophysical properties on altered cell function. The possible direct interaction of PFAS with TSH-receptor (TSH-R) was investigated by computer-based molecular docking and analysis of molecular dynamics. Evaluation of intracellular cAMP levels and gene expression analysis were used to validate the direct impairment of TSH-R-mediated downstream events upon PFAS exposure.ResultsDifferent from PFOS or C6O4, exposure to PFOA at a concentration ≥ 10 ng/mL was associated with significant impairment of the iodide uptake upon TSH stimulation (respectively: basal 100.0 ± 19.0%, CTRL + TSH 188.9 ± 7.8%, PFOA 10 ng/mL + TSH 120.4 ± 20.9%, p= 0.030 vs CTRL + TSH; PFOA 100 ng/mL + TSH 115,6 ± 12,3% p= 0.017 vs CTRL + TSH). No impairment of cell viability or membrane stability was observed. Computational analysis showed a possible direct differential interaction of C6O4, PFOA, and PFOS on a same binding site of the extracellular domain of TSH-R. Finally, exposure to PFOA was associated with a significant reduction of downstream intracellular cAMP levels and both sodium-iodide transporter and thyroperoxidase gene expression upon TSH-R stimulation.ConclusionsOur data suggest that legacy and new generation PFAS can differentially influence TSH dependent signaling pathways through the direct interaction with TSH-R.
Integrating Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses to Explore the Effect of Color Under Fruit Calyx on That of Fruit Apex in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Li Bing , Gao Xiurui , Pan Xiuqing , Wu Yanrong 
Published: June 2022

Fruit color is an important commercial characteristic of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), which affects both the profits of growers and consumer choice. Two eggplant inbred lines were discovered: “Z,” which is a light purple color under the fruit calyx, with purple on the fruit apex; and “L,” fruits of which are green under the calyx and at the apex. To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of fruit peel color under the calyx on that at the fruit apex, we conducted a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of the Z and L inbred eggplant lines. Transcriptome analysis of peel samples from three fruit regions (under the calyx, the apex, and the middle surface) of each line was conducted by RNA sequencing, and generated a total of 791,512,404 clean reads from 18 samples (three biological replicates). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs; n = 424) were identified in comparisons of peel samples from the three sites of L line fruits. Gene ontology analysis showed that “catalytic activity” was extremely significantly enriched. Further, DEGs (n = 8) were enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway “flavonoid biosynthesis.” Levels of CHI, LDOX, F3′5′H, and dihydroflavonol reductase were higher in the Z line than the L line. In addition, metabolome analysis showed that, 10 differentially accumulated metabolites were detected between peel samples from the apex of L and Z line fruit. The most significant DAM was delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside (Z line content, 34.89 μg/g vs. L line content 0.01 μg/g). Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that DFR and F3′5′H were closely related to content of the metabolites, cyanidin and delphinidin, and that some downstream metabolites differed significantly between the L and Z lines. Content levels of delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were markedly down-regulated in the L line. Altogether, increased CHI levels could up-regulate the downstream genes, LDOX, F3′5′H, and DFR, which further lead to increasing the content of delphindin. Thus, the uniform purple color was presented at the apex of fruits in Z plants. These findings not only identify key candidate genes, but will also improve understanding of the genetics and the efficiency of breeding for eggplant fruit color.
Role of the PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Potential Therapeutic Options
Authors: Arana Yanina , Gálvez Rosa Isela , Jacobs Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected chronic infection caused by the protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi(T. cruzi). A significant portion of infected people develops cardiac or digestive alterations over a lifetime. Since several chronic infections associated with antigen persistence and inflammation have been shown to lead to T cell exhaustion, new therapies targeting co-inhibitory receptors to regain T cell activity are under consideration. This study explored immune therapeutic approaches targeting the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L pathway in an experimental model for CD. Infected PD-L1 knockout mice (PD-L1 KO) showed increased systemic parasitemia in blood although no significant differences in parasite load were observed in different organs. Furthermore, we found no significant differences in the frequency of activated T cells or proinflammatory cytokine production when compared to WT counterparts. PD-L1 deficiency led to the production of IL-10 by CD8+T cells and an upregulation of Tim-3 and CD244 (2B4). Unexpectedly, the lack of PD-L1 did not contribute to a significantly improved T cell response to infection. Single blockade and combined blockade of PD-1 and Tim-3 using monoclonal antibodies confirmed the results observed in infected. PD-L1 KO mice. Our results describe for the first time that the interruption of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis during acuteT. cruziinfection does not necessarily enhance the immune response against this parasite. Its interruption favors increased levels of parasitemia and sustained upregulation of other co-inhibitory receptors as well as the production of regulatory cytokines. These results suggest that the clinical application of immune therapeutic approaches targeting thePD-1/PD-L1axis in CD might be risky and associated with adverse events. It highlights that more research is urgently needed to better understand the immune regulation of T cells in CD before designing immune therapeutic approaches for a clinical context.
Humoral and Cellular Immune Response After a 3-Dose Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Using the mRNA-BNT162b2 and Viral Vector Ad26COVS1 Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Davidovic Tamara , Schimpf Judith , Abbassi-Nik Armin , Stockinger Richard , Sprenger-Mähr Hannelore , Lhotta Karl , Zitt Emanuel 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundDue to the waning humoral response after a two-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, a third booster was recommended in hemodialyis patients. Data on a heterologous mRNA-vector regimen, which might improve immunogenicity, are very limited.MethodsIn this observational study 36 chronic hemodialysis patients (mean (SD) age 66.9 (15.9) years, 33.3% females) were followed up for 13 months. All patients were vaccinated twice using the mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine, followed by a 3rd dose of the vector vaccine Ad26COVS1 eight months later. We assessed the humoral response by quantifying the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody concentrations. The cellular immune response was evaluated via SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific interferon-γ release assay.ResultsThe seroconversion rate was 47.2%, 100%, 69.4% and 100% one month after the 1st dose, one and six months after the 2nd dose and four months after the heterologous 3rd dose. The median (Q1, Q3) anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG concentrations at the same time were 28.7 (13.2, 69.4) BAU/ml, 1130.0 (594.5, 1735.0) BAU/ml, 89.7 (26.4, 203.8) BAU/ml, and 2080.0 (1062.5, 2080.0) BAU/ml. The percentage of patients with neutralizing antibodies was 58.3% after the 2nd dose and improved to 100% after the 3rd dose (P &lt;0.001). A positive T-cell response was found in 50% of patients after the 3rd dose.ConclusionsA third heterologous booster dose helped to sustain humoral immunity in almost all hemodialysis patients and induced a significant T-cellular response in half of them. Stimulating the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 by two different vaccine platforms seems to be a promising approach.