bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support for people with dementia experiencing severe responsive behaviours: Unpacking the disconnect between policy and practice
Authors: Westera Anita , Fildes David , Bird Sonia , Gordon Rob , Samsa Peter , Grootemaat Pam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe Severe Behaviour Response Team (SBRT) program, which was established in 2015 to support aged care residents with dementia experiencing very severe and extreme responsive behaviours received far fewer referrals than projected during its first year. This article describes the outcomes of a brief survey to identify potential barriers to referrals and identify opportunities to improve the uptake of the service.MethodsA pragmatic, quasi‐experimental study was conducted involving clinical leads working in a representative sample of care homes that had not used the SBRT. The study was part of the formative evaluation activities of an ongoing program evaluation.ResultsOf the 53 clinical leads that participated in the survey, one‐third had not heard of the SBRT prior to being contacted. The remaining two‐thirds (n = 36) had not used the service due to the availability of existing resources and concerns regarding responsiveness of, and access to, the new service.ConclusionsThree themes emerged from the study relating to awareness of the service, responsiveness and the interface between local aged care and health services. Referrals increased following interventions to address the first two themes; however, they continue to remain well below the number projected. This indicates a fundamental disconnection between the policy design process and the day‐to‐day experience of residential aged care. The study highlights the importance of aged care clinical leads being engaged in dementia policy and program development processes to support improved targeting of resources.
Linguistic taboo, ideology, and erasure: Reproducing homophobia as norm and lesbianism as stigma in women's football in Turkey
Authors: Nuhrat Yağmur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWomen's football (soccer) in Turkey is an introverted community of practice with linguistic practices and ideologies that maintain homophobia as norm. The word “lesbian” is taboo and substituted with “shorthaired,” and lesbian identity is erased as “wannabe manliness.” Homosexuality appears “acceptable” (through erasure) only when women self‐present as normatively feminine, and such “propriety” is class related. The linguistic taboo is fractured if interlocutor “footing” shifts vis‐à‐vis researcher expectations. However, the very moments when linguistic taboo is fractured reveal homophobia as the reigning norm. Given the larger political context in Turkey where queer identity and existence are threatened, the workings of linguistic ideology, linguistic taboo, and homophobia in women's football raise the stakes for queer footballers regarding how they may claim sexual identities. This article is based on four months of fieldwork in 2019 and 2020, mostly in Istanbul, with current and former footballers, coaches, media representatives, and club and federation administrators.
“We share the same ancestry”: US Kurdish diasporas and the aspirational and ascriptive practices of race
Authors: Thangaraj Stanley Ilango 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe conflating of the Southwest Asian and North African (SWANA) region with Arabs is a common trope that also governs how we study West Asia and West Asian diasporas in the United States. I ethnographically highlight the lives of Kurds in mainly Nashville, Tennessee, and the northeastern United States while foregrounding their racial aspirations that disrupt essentialized depictions of the SWANA region and challenge the nation‐state's racial ascriptions. The use of the “Indo‐European” language family as racial classification in opposition to Arabs, the quotidian practices of racializing Kurds through the “Muslim‐looking” racial formation, and the everyday forms of solidarity with Arab Americans during this period of the global war on terror provide traction on the ways the ascriptions of race and aspirations to race influence Kurdish identity formation. Through evocations of “Indo‐European‐ness,” Kurdish Americans conceptualize transnational and transhistorical forms of whiteness/Europeanness/Aryan‐ness and racialized difference from Arabs, offer critiques of nation‐states, and accentuate dynamic forms of racial consciousness. Kurds simultaneously engage with ethnological understandings that are naturalized as racial difference at the very moment they must also manage the racial hysteria post‐9/11. With increased xenophobia and Islamophobia, Kurds challenge their racializations by embracing nonwhiteness that opens possibilities for coalition‐building with Arab Americans and various racial “Others.”
Surgical management and long‐term functional outcomes after anastomotic leak in patients undergoing minimally invasive restorative rectal resection and without a diverting ileostomy
Authors: McGiffin Tony , Clark David A. , Edmundson Aleks , Steffens Daniel , Stevenson Andrew , Solomon Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leak (AL) is the anathema of colorectal surgery, with well‐documented adverse impacts on patient morbidity and mortality. The long‐term consequences of AL on bowel function and quality of life (QoL) is less well‐defined after minimally invasive surgery. By omitting a temporary diverting ileostomy (TDI), it is postulated that the minimally invasive approach will lead to early diagnosis and expedient management of AL.MethodsThis retrospective and cross‐sectional study included patients who underwent minimally invasive restorative rectal surgery with a low pelvic colorectal anastomosis and without a TDI at two tertiary hospitals in Brisbane, Australia between 2004 and 2018. Surgical management of AL is described and long‐term functional outcomes were evaluated through validated questionnaires.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐four patients met inclusion criteria. AL was associated with lesion proximity to the anal verge (P = 0.011), total mesorectal excision (TME) (P <0.001) and advanced malignant disease (P = 0.019). Twenty‐four patients experienced an AL (11%) diagnosed at a median of 5.5 days post‐operative. Survey responders (n = 99, 62%) included 10 (10%) AL and 89 (90%) non‐AL patients, with a median follow‐up of 4 and 6.4 years. SF‐36 and FISI scores were comparable between groups, however AL patients had worse LARS scores (P = 0.028). Patients undergoing TME, irrespective of AL, had poorer low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) (P <0.001) and FISI scores (P = 0.001).ConclusionAL in patients undergoing minimally invasive low pelvic colorectal anastomosis without a TDI does not impact long term QoL. The occurrence of LARS is dependent on the extent of resection, rather than the occurrence of AL.
Exposure‐response relationships for the efficacy and safety of filgotinib and its metabolite GS‐829845 in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis based on phase 2 and phase 3 studies
Authors: Meng Amy , Anderson Kacey , Nelson Cara , Ni Liyun , Chuang Shu‐Min , Bellanti Francesco , Chang Peter , Comisar Craig , Kearney Brian P. , Bartok Beatrix , Mathias Anita 
Published: January 2022

AimsFilgotinib is a potent, oral, JAK1‐preferential inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This report describes exposure‐response (ER) analyses of filgotinib for dose confirmation based on three phase 3 and two phase 2 studies in moderate to severe RA patients.MethodsThe pharmacokinetic exposures used in ER analyses were derived from population pharmacokinetic analysis. The exposure‐efficacy relationships were assessed for efficacy endpoints (ACR20/50/70 and DAS28) over effective area under curve (AUCeff), the combined exposures of filgotinib and GS‐829845 (major, active metabolite), with nonlinear logistic regression models developed. Also, a t‐test was performed to compare the exposure between subjects who achieved response and those who did not. For the ER analyses of safety, exposures were examined between subjects who experienced and who did not experience the evaluated safety events, which was conducted separately for filgotinib and GS‐829845.ResultsThe nonlinear logistic regression showed increasing response with increasing exposure, with exposures at 200 mg dose primarily residing on the curve plateau. Also, AUCeff was significantly higher in the subjects who achieved responses compared to those who did not (10 900 vs 9900 h*ng/mL for ACR20, P value < .0001). For exposure‐safety analyses, filgotinib and GS‐829845 exposures were similar irrespective of the presence/absence of the evaluated safety endpoints, indicating no exposure‐safety relationship for common treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs)/laboratory abnormalities and serious TEAEs/infections.ConclusionsER analyses confirmed that filgotinib produced more robust therapeutic effects across the exposure range observed at 200 mg once daily compared to lower doses, and collectively with the lack of exposure‐safety relationship, the 200 mg once daily dose was supported for commercialization.
Compliance with social distancing: Theory and empirical evidence from Ontario during COVID‐19
Authors: Papanastasiou Anastasios , Ruffle Bradley J. , Zheng Angela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the factors associated with compliance with social‐distancing regulations using a unique data set on the behaviour of Ontarians during the COVID‐19 pandemic. To start, we build a simple theoretical model of social distancing in order to understand how some individual and community‐level factors influence compliance. We test our model's predictions by designing and conducting a survey on Ontarians in June and July 2020 in which we elicit their degree of compliance with existing distancing regulations as well as alternative policies such as fines for non‐compliance and wage subsidies for staying at home. Consistent with our model, we find that variables related to one's risk of infection (e.g., pre‐existing health condition, age, necessity of working outside the home and regional COVID‐19 cases) are significant predictors of compliance as are gender, political beliefs, risk and time preferences. To boost compliance among those who are young, healthy or apartment dwellers, we demonstrate the effectiveness of fines and wage subsidies.
Short‐term effects of reduced cost sharing on childhood dental care utilization and dental caries prevention in Japan
Authors: Ono Sachiko , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Ishimaru Miho , Ono Yosuke , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesGenerous dental insurance coverage can improve oral health among children. However, most previous studies were from the United States, and the results may not be applicable to countries with universal healthcare systems. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of dental subsidy on dental service utilization and oral health among school‐aged children.MethodsAn administrative claims database in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, between 2014 and 2015 was used for the study. Municipalities in which the upper age limit of qualification for the dental subsidy was either 9 years of age or older were selected. The difference‐in‐differences approach was used to investigate the impact of subsidy discontinuation on dental care utilization and dental caries prevention. Dental care utilization was measured by number of first visits, number of total visits, and dental care cost per visit. Failure in dental caries prevention was determined by identifying treatment for acute severe dental conditions.ResultsDuring the study period, 1108 eligible children made a total of 6276 visits to the 455 selected dental clinics. Among the dental clinics, 230 (50.5%) were located in municipalities in which the dental subsidy was discontinued when children reached age 10. After adjusting for area income and minimal user charges, there were no significant differences in subsequent dental care utilization (mean ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97–1.04 for first visits; mean ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.98–1.05 for total visits), acute severe dental conditions (mean ratio 1.06, 95% CI 0.90–1.24) or cost (coefficient 0.7 US dollars; 95%CI −0.2–1.6) during the 12‐month period following the policy change.ConclusionThe current dental subsidy policy may have limited value for promoting dental care utilization and improving oral health among school‐aged children in Japan.
UK dietitians' attitudes and experiences of formula very low‐ and low‐energy diets in clinical practice
Authors: Brown Adrian , Brosnahan Naomi , Khazaei Dorsa , Wingrove Jed , Flint Stuart W. , Batterham Rachel L. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryDespite evidence that formula very low‐energy diets (VLED) and low‐energy diets (LED) are both effective and safe as treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes, these diets remain underutilized in the United Kingdom. The aim of this study was to explore UK dietitians' attitudes and experiences of using formula VLED and LED. A cross‐sectional survey was disseminated between September 2019 and April 2020 through websites, social media platforms and dietetic networks using snowball sampling. In total, 241 dietitians responded to the online survey with 152 participants included in the final analysis (female [94.1%], mean age 40.8 years [SD 9.5]; median 12 years [interquartile range 8, 22] within dietetic practice). One hundred and nine (71.7%) participants reported currently using VLED/LED in clinical practice and 43 (28.3%) did not. Those with lower motivation and confidence in implementing VLED/LED in clinical practice were less likely to use them. Cost and adherence were the two highest reported barriers to use. Dietitians perceived VLED/LED were effective, but concerns remained about long‐term effectiveness, particularly for some patient groups. Dietitians also reported that further education, funding and service infrastructure, including access to clinic space and administrative support, were required to help embed VLED/LED into routine clinical practice. With clinical services now regularly offering VLED/LED programmes in the United Kingdom, dietitians are ideally placed to provide long‐term support. However, understanding, reporting and addressing the potential barriers (funding/infrastructure and education) appear to be key requirements in increasing the delivery of VLED/LED programmes nationally.
Getting high for likes: Exploring cannabis‐related content onTikTok
Authors: Rutherford Brienna N. , Sun Tianze , Johnson Benjamin , Co Steven , Lim Tong Liang , Lim Carmen C. W. , Chiu Vivian , Leung Janni , Stjepanovic Daniel , Connor Jason P. , Chan Gary C. K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionWith over 1 billion monthly users globally, a third of whom are under 14 years, TikTok's popularity is indisputable. Publicly available cannabis‐related content on this platform may influence perceptions of cannabis use. We aimed to examine how cannabis‐related videos are portrayed on TikTok.MethodsData were collected from TikTok using hashtag‐based keywords on cannabis‐related videos (n = 1377). Seven researchers documented video metrics (i.e. views, likes, comments) and independently coded videos for sentiment and theme.ResultsAfter removing duplicates and non‐related content, the final sample contained 881 videos. These videos had a median view count of 518 700 (SD = ±1 082 905), median likes count of 99 900 (SD = ±206 647) and median comment count of 931 (SD = ±2977). Many videos portrayed cannabis use positively (54.14%; collectively viewed 417 million times), with 15.84% of this subset actively depicting cannabis or administration products. The thematic analysis identified seven non‐mutually exclusive themes. Content portraying cannabis use as entertaining or humorous accounted for 71.74% of videos, with a further 42.90% discussing personal cannabis use experiences and 24.63% promoting the social and cultural acceptability of cannabis use.Discussion and ConclusionsOur sample revealed over half of videos portrayed cannabis use positively and none were age restricted. All were publicly accessible through standard web and smartphone applications. With previous research demonstrating that exposure to cannabis‐related content can influence adolescents' attitudes and problematic cannabis use, it is important more effective age restrictions and regulations are introduced to social media platforms.
Imputability, answerability, and the epistemic condition on moral and legal culpability
Authors: Tiffany Evan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper has two main goals. The first is to defend a particular account of answerability according to which a person is (morally or criminally) answerable for their conduct if it is (morally or criminally) wrongful under the same description under which it is imputable to their agency. Negating defences in law aim to defeat criminal answerability by negating some element of the charged offence while their moral analogues aim to defeat moral answerability by defeating the aptness of the description under which an action is imputed. In contrast, affirmative defences and their moral analogues aim to defeat the move from answerability to liability to sanction by offering an exculpatory explanation for the wrongful conduct. The second goal of this paper is to argue that there are important differences between the way that ignorance functions in negating defences and their moral analogues and affirmative defences and their moral analogues. Specifically, when ignorance functions to defeat answerability, it need only be sincere, but it is typically limited to matters of fact, whereas both moral and non‐moral ignorance can excuse one from liability but only if non‐culpable.
Slope position and biochar influence soil properties and seed displacement in a tropical agroecosystem
Authors: Janeau Jean‐Louis , Intanon Suphannika , Pansak Wanwisa , Rodprai Chanisara , Anusorn Khwanrawee , Hammecker Claude , Grellier Séraphine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSoil erosion due to land use change is a major concern in agricultural areas. There is an urgent need to develop appropriate agricultural practices that promote higher biodiversity and improve soil properties. Little is known about the processes of natural vegetation recovery after disturbance by human activities in tropical humid climates. This is particularly the case for dispersion by water (hydrochory) that affects seeds. The displacement of native plant seeds on the soil surface by runoff may be influenced by soil properties and by the use of biochar in agriculture. As these effects have not been documented in tropical agroecosystems and on steep slopes, we present here an in‐field experiment on a steeply sloping maize field affected by rainfall and tillage erosion in Northern Thailand. Our objectives were to test the effect of catena position and biochar use on seed displacement, soil loss and nutrient losses. We used 24 plots of 1 m2 located at four positions in the catena. Two treatments were tested: (1) conventional system with tillage and (2) biochar incorporated into the soil. We measured the displacement of plastic beads (to imitate round seeds), runoff volume, soil and nutrient losses and soil surface features during in‐situ rainfall simulations. After two simulated rainfall events and four natural rainfall events, total bead exportation was 7.2%. We found that catena position and biochar had an impact on runoff, soil and nutrient losses. In this study, previously incorporated biochar reappeared at the soil surface after 8 months under natural conditions and acted like a crust at the soil surface. This biochar crust increased runoff, increased potassium concentration and decreased phosphorus concentration in runoff, decreased bead displacement and had no effect on soil loss. This study, under tropical climate and steep slope conditions, highlights differences in soil surface features and runoff along the catena. We should consider catena position for improving soil management and using appropriate agroecological practices.Highlights
The effect of catena position and biochar use on seed displacement, soil loss and nutrient losses were tested.
These effects have not been documented in tropical agroecosystems and steep slopes.
Catena position and biochar use had an impact on runoff, soil and nutrient losses.
Catena position for improving soil management and using agroecological practices should be considered.
Effect of an oral supplement containing curcumin extract (Longvida®) on lameness due to osteoarthritis and gastric ulcer scores
Authors: Andrews F. M. , Riggs L. M. , Lopez M. J. , Keowen M. L. , Garza F. , Takawira C. , Liu C.‐C. , Liu Y. , Seeram N. P. , Cairy A. , St. Blanc M. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundHerbal supplements containing curcumin and other ingredients are used for pain management in horses with osteoarthritis (OA).ObjectivesTo test the effects of a herbal supplement containing curcumin and other ingredients in horses with lameness due to naturally occurring OA.Study designTwo‐period randomised crossover design.MethodsTen Thoroughbreds with naturally occurring chronic OA were randomly assigned to the treatment (BLP; Buteless® Performance) or control (CTR, no supplement) groups and fed daily for 30 days. On Days −1 (before treatment), 15 and 30, lameness examination, range of motion, pain on palpation and force platform data were collected. Plasma curcumin concentration and its metabolites were measured on Days 1 and 14. Gastroscopy, a complete blood count and a serum biochemistry panel were performed on each horse before treatment Day −1 and Day 31. Gastric lesions (ulcers) were scored in real time by a masked investigator.ResultsMean peak vertical force (PVF), measured by the force platform, significantly increased in the lame limb of the BLP‐treated horses on Days 15 (0.40 ± 0.13 N/kg, (p = 0.0025) and 30 (0.63 ± 0.14 N/kg,p < 0.0001) compared to the CTR group. In addition, mean normalised PVF was higher in the BLP group on Day 15 (p = 0.0438) and on day 30 (p = 0.0003) when compared to CTR horses for the same days. The PVF significantly improved (≥5%; range, 5.2–33%) in six of nine individual BLP‐treated horses and did not improve (<5%; range, 0–3.4%) in three of nine BLP‐treated horses. Also, PVF improved (≥5%; range, 7.6–15.4%) in three of nine horses in the CRT group. Squamous gastric lesion scores significantly decreased in both groups by Day 31. Plasma curcumin‐O‐sulphate concentrations (1.2–3.3 ng/ml) were present in 9/10 BLP‐treated horses by Day 14.Main limitationsSmall sample size and absence of a positive treatment (non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug) control.ConclusionsThe BLP supplement containing curcumin achieved plasma concentrations and improved weight bearing in some treated horses with naturally occurring OA.