bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial transport and metabolism of the vitamin B‐derived cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A,FADandNAD+, and related diseases: A review
Authors: Palmieri Ferdinando , Monné Magnus , Fiermonte Giuseppe , Palmieri Luigi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultiple mitochondrial matrix enzymes playing key roles in metabolism require cofactors for their action. Due to the high impermeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, these cofactors need to be synthesized within the mitochondria or be imported, themselves or one of their precursors, into the organelles. Transporters belonging to the protein family of mitochondrial carriers have been identified to transport the coenzymes: thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD+, which are all structurally similar to nucleotides and derived from different B‐vitamins. These mitochondrial cofactors bind more or less tightly to their enzymes and, after having been involved in a specific reaction step, are regenerated, spontaneously or by other enzymes, to return to their active form, ready for the next catalysis round. Disease‐causing mutations in the mitochondrial cofactor carrier genes compromise not only the transport reaction but also the activity of all mitochondrial enzymes using that particular cofactor and the metabolic pathways in which the cofactor‐dependent enzymes are involved. The mitochondrial transport, metabolism and diseases of the cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD+are the focus of this review.
Environmental exposure of the general population to cadmium as a risk factor of the damage to the nervous system: A critical review of current data
Authors: Ruczaj Agnieszka , Brzóska Małgorzata M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNowadays, more and more attention has been focused on the risk of the neurotoxic action of cadmium (Cd) under environmental exposure. Due to the growing incidence of nervous system diseases, including neurodegenerative changes, and suggested involvement of Cd in their aetiopathogenesis, this review aimed to discuss critically this element neurotoxicity. Attempts have been made to recognize at which concentrations in the blood and urine Cd may increase the risk of damage to the nervous system and compare it to the risk of injury of other organs and systems. The performed overview of the available literature shows that Cd may have an unfavourable impact on the human's nervous system at the concentration >0.8 μg Cd/L in the urine and >0.6 μg Cd/L in the blood. Because such concentrations are currently noted in the general population of industrialized countries, it can be concluded that environmental exposure to this xenobiotic may create a risk of damage to the nervous system and be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as worsening cognitive and behavioural functions. The potential mechanism of Cd neurotoxicity consists in inducing oxidative stress, disrupting the activity of enzymes essential to the proper functioning of the nervous system and destroying the homoeostasis of bioelements in the brain. Thus, further studies are necessary to recognize accurately both the risk of nervous system damage in the general population due to environmental exposure to Cd and the mechanism of this action.
Mitochondrial uncoupling attenuates sarcopenic obesity by enhancing skeletal muscle mitophagy and quality control
Authors: Dantas Wagner S. , Zunica Elizabeth R.M. , Heintz Elizabeth C. , Vandanmagsar Bolormaa , Floyd Z. Elizabeth , Yu Yongmei , Fujioka Hisashi , Hoppel Charles L. , Belmont Kathryn P. , Axelrod Christopher L. , Kirwan John P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenic obesity is a highly prevalent disease with poor survival and ineffective medical interventions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is purported to be central in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity by impairing both organelle biogenesis and quality control. We have previously identified that a mitochondrial‐targeted furazano[3,4‐b]pyrazine named BAM15 is orally available and selectively lowers respiratory coupling efficiency and protects against diet‐induced obesity in mice. Here, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial uncoupling simultaneously attenuates loss of muscle function and weight gain in a mouse model of sarcopenic obesity.MethodsEighty‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice with obesity were randomized to 10 weeks of high fat diet (CTRL) or BAM15 (BAM15; 0.1% w/w in high fat diet) treatment. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. Body composition, muscle function, energy expenditure, locomotor activity, and glucose tolerance were determined after treatment. Skeletal muscle was harvested and evaluated for histology, gene expression, protein signalling, and mitochondrial structure and function.ResultsBAM15 decreased body weight (54.0 ± 2.0 vs. 42.3 ± 1.3 g, P < 0.001) which was attributable to increased energy expenditure (10.1 ± 0.1 vs. 11.3 ± 0.4 kcal/day, P < 0.001). BAM15 increased muscle mass (52.7 ± 0.4 vs. 59.4 ± 1.0%, P < 0.001), strength (91.1 ± 1.3 vs. 124.9 ± 1.2 g, P < 0.0001), and locomotor activity (347.0 ± 14.4 vs. 432.7 ± 32.0 m, P < 0.001). Improvements in physical function were mediated in part by reductions in skeletal muscle inflammation (interleukin 6 and gp130, both P < 0.05), enhanced mitochondrial function, and improved endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Specifically, BAM15 activated mitochondrial quality control (PINK1‐ubiquitin binding and LC3II, P < 0.01), increased mitochondrial activity (citrate synthase and complex II activity, all P < 0.05), restricted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) misfolding (decreased oligomer A11 insoluble/soluble ratio, P < 0.0001) while limiting ER stress (decreased PERK signalling, P < 0.0001), apoptotic signalling (decreased cytochrome C release and Caspase‐3/9 activation, all P < 0.001), and muscle protein degradation (decreased 14‐kDa actin fragment insoluble/soluble ratio, P < 0.001).ConclusionsMitochondrial uncoupling by agents such as BAM15 may mitigate age‐related decline in muscle mass and function by molecular and cellular bioenergetic adaptations that confer protection against sarcopenic obesity.
COVID‐19 and the adaptive evolution of genetic counseling
Authors: Hassel Nathan C. , Gilbert Adel D. , Bejjani Bassem A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmerging diseases such as the Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) have exposed severe weaknesses in the United States and global health. Healthcare systems have struggled and are still severely challenged and strained by this pandemic. It is clear that additional resources are needed to support healthcare providers in managing this and future pandemics. Genetic counselors can play an important supporting role in this fragile ecosystem because their comprehensive and broad training makes them uniquely qualified to meet many of the challenges that arise when healthcare workers and patients are faced with novel diseases. This paper describes the recent involvement of a telegenetic counseling company (Metis Genetics) in communicating and explaining COVID‐19 serum antibody results to patients and physicians. This experience demonstrates how genetic counselors may be called upon to play a vital supporting role in the management of infectious disease pandemics. From May 2020 to July 2020, our genetic counseling telegenetics team was asked to provide support to more than 1,580 patients who underwent serum COVID‐19 antibody testing and to educate their healthcare providers on the performance properties of this new test. The genetic counselors were able to utilize their expertise to convey test results, information on Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations, COVID‐19 fact‐based evidence, to provide psychological support and reassurance to patients, and to respond to providers questions about the test. This experience suggests that the genetic counselors’ skillset that has allowed the profession to continuously evolve can also be used in the management of pandemics by communicating directly with the public, supporting other healthcare workers, and assisting individual patients and families navigate the many medical and psychological issues caused by such events.
Absorption of Al(GaN)N nanorod arrays with geometrical tuning
Authors: Yu Yingzhou , Gu Yan , Lu Naiyan , Liu Guanhong , Li Sai , Niu Huan , Yang Chenjia , Zhu Chun , Wei Chunlei , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xiumei , Yang Guofeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe theoretically demonstrate that Al(Ga)N nanorod arrays (NRAs) exhibit tunable absorption and achieve selective resonant absorption according to different Al mole factions based on COMSOL Multiphysics via the three‐dimensional finite‐element method. The optical properties of AlxGa1‐xN (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4) NRAs with different geometrical parameters were discussed from the optical absorption and electric field distribution diagram perspective. The simulated results show that the resonant wavelength of absorption spectra is red‐shifted with increase of diameter. Besides, the NRA with diameter ≤ 70 nm own lower absorptance compared to the NRA with larger diameter, which is attributed to the weak coupling between light and NRs. In terms of the influences of pitch on the optical properties, intense coupling between incident light and NRAs with smaller pitch can be obtained. Notably, the position of absorption peak is blue‐shifted as the aluminum (Al) component increases. This work is promising for photovoltaics and photodetection in ultraviolet field.
Gain‐Associated Nonlinear Phenomenon in Single‐Conductor Odd‐Mode Plasmonic Metamaterials
Authors: Niu Ling Yun , He Pei Hang , Fan Yi , Zhang Le Peng , Zhang Hao Chi , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNonlinear phenomena such as second‐harmonic generation (SHG) play an important role in both optical and microwave technologies. To achieve high second‐harmonic (SH) conversion efficiency and single‐conductor system adaptability simultaneously, a gain‐associated SHG method based on odd‐mode spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) is proposed. Field analysis indicates that the odd‐mode SSPPs can support internal electric potential difference on the cross sections of single‐conductor transmission structures to feed active semiconductor chips, which is hardly achieved by the even modes of single‐conductor structures. Measured results demonstrate the realization of SHG with a gain of 4.93 dB at 9 GHz based on the odd‐mode SSPPs, accompanied by the third‐harmonic suppression and backward SH isolation as a result of the customized passband of odd‐mode SSPPs. The ingenious detachable chip carrier can easily be disassembled, replaced and repaired, bringing big convenience and adaptability to practical applications. Moreover, the proposed single‐conductor active integration method can be extended to other single‐conductor devices, which has great potentials in the flexible systems and wearable devices.
Analysis of the Spontaneous Emission Limited Linewidth of an Integrated III–V/SiN Laser
Authors: Chow Weng W. , Wan Yating , Bowers John E. , Grillot Frédéric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article describes a calculation of the spontaneous emission limited linewidth of a semiconductor laser consisting of hybrid or heterogeneously integrated, silicon and III–V intracavity components. Central to the approach are a) description of the multi‐element laser cavity in terms of composite laser/free‐space eigenmodes, b) use of multimode laser theory to treat mode competition and multiwave mixing, and c) incorporation of quantum‐optical contributions to account for spontaneous emission effects. Application of the model is illustrated for the case of linewidth narrowing in an InAs quantum‐dot laser coupled to a high‐ SiN cavity.
Silicon Multimode Waveguide Crossing Based on Anisotropic Subwavelength Gratings
Authors: Zhao Weike , Yi Xiaolin , Peng Yingying , Zhang Long , Chen Haitao , Dai Daoxin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultimode waveguide crossings (MWCs) are becoming more and more important as one of the key elements for on‐chip optical routing and cross‐connection. However, it is still very challenging to achieve scalable MWCs with compact footprints, low excess losses (ELs), and low intermode cross‐talks (CTs). This work demonstrates an unprecedented silicon MWC with high performances by using the anisotropy of one‐/two‐dimensional (1D/2D) subwavelength grating (SWG) structures. For the proposed silicon MWC, the 2D‐SWG crossing region at the center has a higher refractive index than the 1D‐SWG regions at both sides for the guided‐modes of TE polarization, due to the anisotropy of the 1D/2D SWGs. As a result, the crossing region can be equivalent to a straight waveguide, and the launched TE modes can transmit through the crossing region with negligible ELs and low intermode CTs. Such an MWC can be scaled very flexibly and easily according to the new principle. The fabricated three‐mode MWC with a footprint of 14.8 × 14.8 µm2 shows ELs of <0.26 dB and intermode CTs of <−20 dB in the wavelength range of 1525–1605 nm.
Opportunistic control of crescent shape MIMO design for lower sub 6 GHz 5G applications
Authors: Sree Gorre Naga Jyothi , Nelaturi Suman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor lower sub‐6 5G applications, a two‐element crescent angular ring antenna is proposed. The suggested Multiple‐Input–Multiple‐Output (MIMO) antenna has a dimension of 38 × 25 mm2, a substrate height of 1.6 mm, and dielectric material of FR‐4 (lossy) with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.002. For 50‐Ω impedance matching, a line feed approach is used to improve return loss and achieve −35 dB at 3.5 GHz. Furthermore, there is a fractional bandwidth from 3–6.5 GHz (116.6%) using a monopole ground plane maintained with |S11| < −10 dB. Changing the placements of the radiators improves isolation by −42 dB. For the current crescent shape, the MIMO structure showed a radiation efficiency and gain of 84.25% and 6.2 dBi. Finally, the performance of MIMO metrics of the crescent shape structure like ECC, diversity gain, channel capacity loss, TARC, and mean effective gain is evaluated in addition to good radiation characteristics.
On‐chip multiple‐coupled inductors modeling on silicon for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Wang Haoran , Lan Min , Xiong Yuhang , Liu Huihua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study proposes an improved broadband equivalent circuit model for millimeter‐wave and illustrates that the real part of the Z‐parameter (like Z21, Z31, and Z41) cannot be neglected. This improved model contains multiple‐coupled inductors on silicon with effective substrate current loops. And it is fabricated and measured in four‐port and in two‐port on the basis of 0.18 μm and 40 nm CMOS technology, respectively. Moreover, this proposed model is applied to a 22–31 GHz three common‐source stages differential gm‐boost low‐noise amplifier for 5G communication in 65 nm CMOS process. According to the measurement, the minimum noise figure is 2.5 dB at 23 GHz and the maximum gain is 22.2 dB at 24.5 GHz. The chip size is 0.5 mm × 0.92 mm with all pads.
Development of PA6/GO microspheres with good processability for SLS 3D printing
Authors: Wu Bozhen , Zhu Kaiqi , Wang Fancheng , Wen Xinghan , Li Minpei , Yang Yuhao , Yang Jintao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe particle size and processability of the powder are the keys for successful nylon in selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing, but the nylon powders on the market have disadvantages such as uncontrollable particle size and large distribution, poor sphericity, and poor processability. In this study, graphene oxide‐hybridized polyamide 6 (PA6/GO) microspheres perfectly suitable for SLS 3D printing have been fabricated via reaction‐induced phase separation. The selective distribution of GO in PA6 microspheres was characterized by thermogravimetric (TG) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the particle size and morphology of PA6/GO microspheres could be effectively controlled by adjusting the ratio of caprolactam and polystyrene. Wherein, when the polystyrene addition amount is 15 wt%, the particle size of the PA6/GO microspheres is between 40 and 50 μm, and the sintering window and thermal stability of the microspheres are significantly improved. These experimental results are surprising for the preparation of new nylon SLS 3D printing materials.
Effectively use metrics as part of process safety feedback and learning systems to monitor and improve performance
Authors: Klein James A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWithout appropriate process safety program metrics and feedback systems, warning signs of problems may be missed and learning opportunities for improving performance can be lost. Ensuring the right things are measured and evaluated, based on process safety program goals, provides information on the current performance level and trends: is performance getting better or worsening? Learning from experience, based on effective feedback systems and the use of organizational learning approaches to collect, analyze, share, and retain critical process safety information, helps promote sensitivity to operations, a sense of vulnerability, and knowledge of past problems and successes to help maintain organizational memory and maintain or improve program performance.
A scoring framework for tiered warnings and multicategorical forecasts based on fixed risk measures
Authors: Taggart Robert , Loveday Nicholas , Griffiths Deryn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of tiered warnings and multicategorical forecasts are ubiquitous in meteorological operations. Here, a flexible family of scoring functions is presented for evaluating the performance of ordered multicategorical forecasts. Each score has a risk parameter , selected for the specific use case, so that it is consistent with a forecast directive based on the fixed threshold probability (equivalently, a fixed ‐quantile mapping). Each score also has use‐case specific weights so that forecasters who accurately discriminate between categorical thresholds are rewarded in proportion to the weight for that threshold. A variation is presented where the penalty assigned to near misses or close false alarms is discounted, which again is consistent with directives based on fixed risk measures. The scores presented provide an alternative to many performance measures currently in use, whose optimal threshold probabilities for forecasting an event typically vary with each forecast case, and in the case of equitable scores are based around sample base rates rather than risk measures suitable for users.
Oxidation of Cyclopentene with Manganese Oxides Octahedral Molecular Sieves with Layer and Tunnel Structures
Authors: Garces Luis J. , Galeano John Alexander , Garces Hector F. , Suib Steven L. , Hincapie Beatriz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractManganese oxides type octahedral molecular sieves OL‐1, OMS‐1, and OMS‐2 were synthesized, impregnated with sodium tungstate, and evaluated as catalysts for the selective epoxidation of cyclopentene (CPE) to cyclopentene oxide (CPO) in the sodium bicarbonate/hydrogen peroxide (BAP) system. OL‐1 was the best catalyst with a conversion of 78.6 % and a selectivity to CPO of 31.4 %. Impregnation with sodium tungstate affected the structure and activity of OL‐1 and OMS‐1. Mn2+ is required for the epoxidation of CPE. FTIR spectra provides evidence that tungstate ions react, during impregnation, with Mg2+ and/or Mn2+ present in OMS‐1 and OL‐1 producing an amorphous compound that is not active in the epoxidation reaction. The crystalline and chemical structure of OMS‐2 was not affected by tungstate impregnation, since most of the manganese occurs as Mn3+ and Mn4+, which in presence of hydrogen peroxide, tend to form radicals, active in the total oxidation of organic compounds.
A Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Co3O4‐CeO2 Composites Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Determination of Bisphenol A
Authors: Yang Qin , Chen Ninghua , Zhang Xuefeng , Ye Zhixiang , Yang Yingchun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel electrochemical bisphenol A (BPA) sensor based on Co3O4‐CeO2 composites modified glassy carbon electrode (Co3O4‐CeO2/GCE) was prepared in this study. Co3O4‐CeO2 composites were easily prepared by sol‐gel combustion method, and their morphology and structure were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical behavior of BPA on the modified electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and an irreversible oxidation peak appeared at 0.598 V (pH=6). Also the effects of scan rate and pH on electron transfer efficiency of electrode were investigated by CV method. In order to reduce background interference and improve sensitivity, the limit of detection (LOD) and BPA of samples were detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results showed there is a wide linear range of 0.033 μM∼30.3 μM with LOD of 0.0048 μM (S/N=3) for the constructed electrochemical sensor. It was successful used for the determination of BPA in real samples with satisfied results (the recoveries were between 99.2 % and 101.2 %). The fabricated Co3O4‐CeO2/GCE‐based sensors exhibited excellent electrochemical performance of BPA, so it could provide an alternative platform for the determination of BPA in the environment.
A Natural Hydrogel with Prohealing Properties Enhances Tendon Regeneration
Authors: Dang Ruyi , Chen Liling , Sefat Farshid , Li Xian , Liu Shilin , Yuan Xulei , Ning Xiaoqiao , Zhang Yu Shrike , Ji Ping , Zhang Ximu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTendon regeneration and reduction of peritendinous adhesion remain major clinical challenges. This study addresses these challenges by adopting a unique hydrogel derived from the skin secretion of Andrias davidianus (SSAD) and taking advantage of its biological effects, adhesiveness, and controllable microstructures. The SSAD‐derived hydrogel contains many cytokines, which could promote tendon healing. In vitro, leach liquid of SSAD powder could promote tendon stem/progenitor cells migration. In vivo, the SSAD‐derived hydrogel featuring double layers possesses strong adhesiveness and could reconnect ruptured Achilles tendons of Sprague‐Dawley rats without suturing. The intimal SSAD‐derived hydrogel, with a pore size of 241.7 ± 21.0 µm, forms the first layer of the hydrogel to promote tendon healing, and the outer layer SSAD‐derived hydrogel, with a pore size of 3.3 ± 1.4 µm, reducing peritendinous adhesion by serving as a dense barrier. Additionally, the SSAD‐derived hydrogel exhibits antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics, which further contribute to the reduction of peritendinous adhesion. In vivo studies suggest that the SSAD‐derived hydrogel reduces peritendinous adhesion, increases collagen fiber deposition, promotes cell proliferation, and improves the biomechanical properties of the regenerated tendons, indicating better functional restoration. The SSAD‐derived bilayer hydrogel may be a feasible biomaterial for tendon repair in the future.