bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radar Interferometric Experimental Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Displacement Vectors and Mode Shapes for Masonry Constructions
Authors: Castellano A , Camassa D , Fraddosio A , Piccioni M D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Radar interferometry is an innovative measurement technique capable of remotely measuring vibrations in terms of displacement history. It apparently allows overcoming some major drawbacks of the plodding and time-consuming conventional accelerometric experimental setup for vibration testing. Indeed, radar interferometry does not require any access to the structure; moreover, its use is simpler and faster. Therefore, this technique appears very appealing for ambient vibration testing on structures, and in particular on architectural heritage masonry constructions. However, radar interferometry is still affected by some relevant limitations, that currently outweigh the advantages. One of the most important limitations is that displacements are measured only along the line-of-sight; therefore, it is not possible to determine the whole three-dimensional displacement vector for moving structural points and, consequently, to reconstruct three-dimensional mode shapes of structures, whose knowledge is crucial for characterizing the dynamic behavior of structures and for detecting eventual damages. In this paper, a theoretical and experimental approach for reconstructing both three-dimensional displacement vectors and mode shapes of masonry constructions is proposed. This approach is based on the simultaneous use of two synchronized radar interferometers, and on the application of a theoretical model assuming a specific kinematical constraint, which is generally plausible in the case of masonry constructions. The proposed approach has been validated through in-situ experimental tests on a masonry bell tower.
Portable Spectroscopic Techniques for the Non-invasive Identification of two historical yellow pigments: Applications and Practical Challenges
Authors: Ciaramitaro V. , Armetta F. , Mollica Nardo V. , Ponterio R.C. , Saladino M. L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Decades of technological advances in instrumental analysis have transformed many techniques from laboratory in portable analytical tools with increasing their applicability in situ to the study of cultural heritage. It is known that the painting realisation varies from artist to artist, and the identification of the pigments provides a decisive contribution to trace their authenticity and to support an appropriate restoration work. However, in some cases, due to the complexity of painting composition, it is difficult to distinguish between pigments having a similar chemical composition and colour. Here, a systematic study through combined use of portable non-invasive spectroscopic techniques such as Raman, Total Reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy, Fiber Optical Reflectance spectroscopy and X-Ray Fluorescence was carried out on two yellow pigments, the Naples Yellow (Pb2Sb2O7) and the Giallorino (Pb2SnO4 or PbSnO3 or PbSn1-xSixO3), which sometimes are difficult to distinguish. The results emphasize the techniques’ main advantages and drawbacks as well as their limits and the importance of their combination for the discrimination of such pigments.
Benchmark Based Selection Of Point Cloud Registration Algorithms For Cultural Heritage 3D Digitization
Authors: Korres Georgios , Eid Mohamad , Anagnostopoulos Christos - Nikolaos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work aims to address the point cloud global registration algorithm selection problem by proposing a pipeline for testing and evaluating such algorithms. Moreover, this benchmark-based evaluation automates the algorithm selection process by assessing the point cloud registration algorithms under the same universal benchmark, using complete and diverse datasets. We demonstrate its performance by comparing two State-of-the-art global registration algorithms that are tested on a set of problems created by diverse, unstructured datasets, acquired by various types of sensors, and in different environmental conditions. Furthermore, a comprehensive metric is proposed, which serves as a qualitative metric, rather than an absolute result for the evaluation process. Finally, the different outcomes of the algorithms benchmarking performance are thoroughly presented and discussed.
Corrosion products characterisation aimed at restoration of Bronze Age metal artefacts from Garda Lake
Authors: Labate M , Sirello C , Longhi C , Aceto M , Operti L , Agostino A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConservation is a complex field that needs an exchange of views among different professionals including archaeologists, conservators, restorers and scientists. Diagnostic analyses can give useful information able to lay down the documentation about the artefacts conservation status before and after the restoration; to define the restoration plan and to lead to the most suitable conservation strategies, materials and methods; to evaluate and track the restoration work and to reproduce it in similar contexts. For all of these reasons, a scientific restoration treatments on cultural heritage need materials and alteration products characterisation as a propaedeutic phase. This awareness has guided the study approach of some Bronze Age metal findings from Garda Lake, analysed in order to know the nature of corrosion products in case of upcoming restoration.
Raman spectroscopic characterization of corrosion products of archaeological iron
Authors: Vietti A , Angelini E , Grassini S , Donato N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a versatile analytical technique which allows the detection of different molecules analysing the vibrational modes. As a matter of facts, the vibrational frequencies are typical of a specific chemical bond or of a structural symmetry. In this study, the Raman technique is used for the determination of iron corrosion products, mainly oxides and hydroxides. Metallic artefacts buried in soil are affected, in dependence of their electrochemical nobility, by corrosion phenomena of various entities, which partially modify their chemical composition and their structure. The process may occur both during burial time and after the extraction from the archaeological site, implying the potential loss of information about the metallurgical technology and structure of the object. The study of the corrosion phenomena allows to propose tailored strategies for the restoration and conservation of the artefacts, especially in view of the storage of the artefacts in a museum. This study validates the use of the Raman technique for this purpose, showing its efficiency in the identification of the iron corrosion products in favourable conditions for the analysis of Cultural Heritage artefacts, as the possibility of performing in situ analysis without the need of a previous sample preparation.
Integrated survey procedures for seismic protection of monumental liturgical furniture
Authors: Trizio I , Savini F , Marra A , Fabbrocino G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The research herein reported deals with the digital survey potential in the knowledge and documentation of particular sculptural artefacts located in medieval churches, such as pulpits, candelabra and ciboria, with careful attention to the issues related to modelling for structural analysis of these artefacts. In particular, the pulpit’s typology has been analysed; it is a piece of liturgical furniture that has its own response to external stresses, although it is not a structural element. An operational procedure was defined through the discussion of a real case located in the L’Aquila territory. The procedure starts from the knowledge phase of the artefacts enabling the implementation of a digital model by integrating the data of terrestrial photogrammetry and laser scanner. The results achieved highlight the advantages of using detailed digital models for cognitive analysis but also the open issues in the context of model optimisation for specific analyses, such as structural ones, required within integrated approaches for heritage protection and conservation.
Analysis of the distribution of titanium oxide nanoparticles on paintings
Authors: Pasquale S. , Politi G. , Pronti L. , Romani M. , Viviani G. , Cestelli Guidi M. , Angelucci M. , Gueli A.M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work is addressed to analyse the distribution of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on painting crossing data coming from two methodologies. Scanning Electron Microscope and Proton Induced X-Ray emission techniques have been employed in the study of the interaction between a colloidal dispersion constituted by titanium dioxide nanoparticles and the painting surface. The former e was used to understand and morphology of the painting and to investigate the distribution of the nanoparticles on the entire cross section of the pictorial layers. Proton induced X-ray emission is aimed at examining the surface titanium distribution by mapping. This study is important because the exploitation of the photocatalytic activity of the titanium dioxide is possible only in the case of absorption of proper energy that can promote the oxide reduction reactions and thus the dirt and dust degradation.
Measurement of temperature gradients during Er:YAG laser irradiation of poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Chillè C , Agresti J , Ciofini D , Mencaglia A , Osticioli I , Siano S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work the interaction of a pulsed Er:YAG (2940 nm) laser beam with mock-ups of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) has been investigated. Online time resolved temperature peaks induced by single-pulse laser irradiations were measured for the first time through the development of a dedicated setup based on a fast IR detector. Tests were performed using fluences ranging between 1.1-2.8 J/cm2 and pulse durations of 160-430μs. A multiple heterojunction IR photovoltaic detector with bandwidth 2-12 μm and risetime <7 ns was used to study the surface temperature transient upon Er:YAG laser irradiation of PVOH. Tests and thermal modelling allowed to verify effectiveness and reliability of the novel sensor developed.
GPR 3D model in the area of the San Nicola church, Misterbianco (Sicily)
Authors: Capizzi P , Martorana R , Bottari C , Canzoneri A , Civico R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In 1669 the most destructive eruption on Etna volcano was recorded since historical times (about 700 BCE), whose lava flow destroyed completely the ancient town of Misterbianco, located on the southern slope of Mount Etna. San Nicola church is one of the three churches that historically were covered by lava flow. In the 1980s, some works for the construction of a parking lot allowed to discover an ancient wall belonging to the church. Some georadar prospections were carried out in the investigated area finalized to reconstruct the planimetric development of the ancient church and to direct future excavation works.
RE-SEMIRTO project: an innovative network of wireless sensors for microclimate monitoring on the Royal Palace of Carditello
Authors: Spagnuolo Antonio , Vetromile Carmela , Masiello Antonio , Alberghina Maria Francesca , Schiavone Salvatore , Cicco Maria Rosa di , Formato Roberto , Lubritto Carmine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
New innovative wireless sensors designed for specific needs of Cultural Heritage field have been developed and their effectiveness has been tested in the rooms of the Royal Palace of Carditello (San Tammaro, Caserta - Italy). The analyses are carried out in the context of the project “RE-SEMIRTO Network of wireless sensors for monitoring the microclimate on the Carditello Real site” funded by the Campania Region (FERS Operational Program Campania 2014-2020 – Axis III. Specific objective 3.3. Action 3.3.2.). The main goal of the ongoing project activities is to provide innovative and user-friendly methods for conservation and valorisation of Cultural Heritage, through simultaneously environmental and archaeometric analyses. Indeed, besides the evaluation e recording by remote system of the parameters related to temperature, moisture, air quality and mechanical vibrations and then the constant control and prevention of the degradation risk, also non-destructive investigations were carried out to identify original, restoration materials and/or degradation products for different kinds of works of art displayed in the monitored site. In particular, at this step, a XVII century oil painting, recently acquired by Italian Minister of Culture in favour of Royal Palace of Carditello, has been analysed and the results are here discussed. This simultaneous approach allows to assess the real conservation state under the current environmental conditions, highlighting which constituent materials (pigments, supports, etc.) of the analysed artwork are most sensitive to the recorded thermohygrometric variations or detected pollution. At last, the project also wants to underline how the scientific data appropriately presented and narrated can be collected into new multimedia tool aimed to visitors for an innovative valorisation of the whole historical site and its artworks.
Focus-stacking system for 3D acquisition of sculptures and archaeological manufacts
Authors: Daffara C. , Mazzocato S. , Ambrosini D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper we present the basic features of the Shape from Focus techniques and discuss the potentiality of its application in the 3D imaging of small sculptures and archaeological manufacts. A scanning system for optimizing the image stack acquisition in laboratory was assembled, while 3D reconstruction was done in ImageJ.
Measurement of constant radius swept features in cultural heritage
Authors: Di Angelo L. , Di Stefano P , Morabito A.E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The dimensional characterization of archaeological fragment is a very complex operation and could prove to be useful for identifying the presence of standard attributes in the ceramics found from a specific archaeological site, or for making comparisons and analysis of similarities or for studying ancient technologies used for manufacture of objects. The dimensional analysis of the fragments is now carried out manually with traditional measuring devices. Typically, the results obtained are inaccurate and non-repeatable measurements.
This paper focuses on the dimensional characterization of a specific geometric class of features: the constant radius swept features (called here CRS features). Several archaeological features, such as rims, bases, decorative motifs, processing marks and grooves are referable from a geometric point of view to the class of CRS features. These are detail features, which may be very interesting for the investigation of some aspects related to the historical-archaeological classification of the find. CRS features are often found on worn, damaged (e.g. chipped) or fragmented objects; they are frequently characterized, from a geometric point of view, by free form surfaces and by a limited cross sectional extension. In some cases, CRS features can be of axially symmetrical geometry: this occurs quite frequently in the case of archaeological pottery. For all these reasons, it is often difficult to apply traditional manual methods for the quantitative dimensional characterization of CRS features.
This paper describes an original methodology for the measurement of CRS features acquired by scanning technologies. The algorithmic implementation of this methodology, consisting of a suitable processing of the feature nodes, allows to carry out automatically the dimensional characterization of the feature.
Point cloud management for a holographic visualization
Authors: Bolognesi C. M. , Balin S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This document aims to describe and verify the workflow from a digital survey of a building of historical value to its set up in an innovative holographic view. Via Lulli is a low-cost building of the beginning of the century organized in a closed-block part of a complex with rather small courtyards; the research topic concerns the verification of the process from acquisition with digital survey to convert the survey dataset into a hologram, considering the huge potential of this display system. Comparison among different point clouds, with different accuracy and dimension are related to the final navigation when transformed in holograms; several tests have been carried out to compare cloud density with the ability to see holograms in details with different zooms in to display small details, and zooms out in real time to view the entire model. First possibility to extend workflow with unity support and other plug-ins are supposed.
Investigation of archaeological amphorae from the Egadi battles
Authors: Armetta Francesco , Ciaramitaro Veronica , Sójka Małgorzata , Saladino Maria Luisa , Zych Eugeniusz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Archaeological ceramics are considered one of the most important sources of both technological and chronological information. Here, the investigation of some archaeological underwater amphorae from the Egadi’s Battle, that decided the end of the First Punic War (241 B.C.), is reported. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), petrography, and Thermoluminescence (TL) were used to determine the composition of the amphorae and to evaluate the compatibly of their age with the above Battle. Considering the historical importance of the act and the well-defined historical collocation these amphorae represent an interesting archaeometric case study.
Integrated geophysical and geomatic studies at Ghar Dalam Cave, Malta’s oldest prehistoric site
Authors: Galone L. , Colica E. , D’Amico S. , Cardona D. , Portelli P. , Fontanelli F. , Borg J.J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Ghar Dalam cave, southern Malta, hosts the oldest human evidence in the Maltese archipelago. Although the internal stratigraphy of the cave and its biotic record is well studied, the possibility of archaeological / paleontological prospects in the surrounding areas requires additional studies. In this work we use aerial and ground-based photogrammetry to reconstruct the interior and the surface of the cave, and various geophysical techniques (GPR, passive seismic and ERT) to study the subsurface of the cave and its surroundings. The results have clarified the geometry of the soil-rock contact above and at the entrance of the cave and possible karstic structures have been identified. The authors conclude that this multidisciplinary methodology allows more reliable results to be achieved and is essential for studies where direct observation is not possible.
From 3D surveying to replica, a resource for the valorisation of museum artifacts. The case of the bas-relief of Giovanni da Legnano in Bologna.
Authors: Bitelli G , Girelli V A , Medica M , Tini M A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the experience carried out by the Geomatics group of the DICAM Dept. (Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering) of the University of Bologna, in collaboration with the Civic Medieval Museum, about the digitization and reproduction by 3D printing of the bas-relief of Giovanni da Legnano. This artwork is one of the symbols of the University of Bologna, the oldest of the western world, and consequently of all European academic tradition. In the text, the 3D surveying and physical reproduction operations of this object are described. The faithful copy of the object was presented in Brussels in 2017, on the occasion of the inauguration of the House of the European History.
OSL dating of mortars from constructive phases of the old chapel San Breixo de Ouvigo (NW Spain)
Authors: Sanjurjo-Sánchez Jorge , Blanco-Rotea Rebeca , Carlos Sánchez-Pardo José , Freire-Lista David M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The use of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating on ancient mortars have provided increasing knowledge of the history of buildings in the last years. In this work, we apply OSL dating on mortars of a key building for the history of NW Spain: the old chapel of San Breixo de Ouvigo. After archaeological excavations, more than 40 years ago, it was generally accepted that this building preserves, at least, a Late Roman (4th and 5th centuries) constructive phase with later modifications introduced in the Early and Late Middle Ages. However, neither stratigraphical nor chronological evidence confirmed this interpretation. Five samples from three different constructive phases have been taken for OSL dating. Small quartz multi-grain aliquots were used for dating. Results provide ages in agreement with expectations for the mortars of the Late Roman phase but, they show the need of a new interpretation of the chronological model assigned to the building. Such model could be corroborated in a next phase of the project that intends to characterize the mortars and using radiocarbon dating.
Environmental monitoring solution for cultural heritage
Authors: Lombardo L. , Parvis M. , Grassini S. , Angelini E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Environmental monitoring is crucial factor in the safeguard and conservation of the cultural heritage. Unsuitable environmental conditions can easily accelerate the degradation of several materials and, as consequence, damage the stored artifacts. Moreover, environmental conditions can easily change in an unpredictable way and, therefore, the employment of an environmental monitoring system is mandatory in almost all locations, including museums, storage rooms and outdoor exhibitions. This paper tries to explain the main constraints required for environmental monitoring in the cultural heritage field. Moreover, a novel distributed monitoring system, developed at Politecnico di Torino, is described and compared to several solutions that are commercially available. The proposed solution demonstrated excellent characteristics which satisfy the requirements of environmental monitoring in the cultural heritage at a very competitive cost.
Development of a new procedure for the assessment of particulate matter (PM) carbonaceous fraction on stone materials exposed to atmospheric pollution
Authors: Bergomi Andrea , Comite Valeria , Pina Cristina Della , Cavaterra Cecilia , Gianelle Vorne Luigi , Fermo Paola 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study deals with the set-up and development of a new methodology to quantify the carbonaceous fraction (i.e., OC, organic carbon and EC, elemental carbon) in black crusts samples present on marble stone surfaces of historical buildings and monuments exposed to outdoor pollution. It is worth noting that OC and EC represent one of the main fractions of atmospheric particulate matter and, mainly EC, is responsible for the black colour of the crusts. The same method has been applied to resuspend known quantities of atmospheric particulate matter on marble mock-up specimens suitably realized to study the crusts’ formation process starting from known quantities of the precursors in the formation process, i.e., PM and SO2, and submitting them to an accelerated aging process.
Doping of two thallium atoms in silicene nanoribbons in the electric field
Authors: Ngoc Hoang Van 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The low-dimensional material that revolutionizes technology, silicene is a monolayer of silicon molecules, which is a potential material. Silicene nanoribbons (SNRs) are one-system silicene ribbons with two hydrogen-modified edges. Two thallium atoms will be doped in each unit cell of the SNRs, the electric field acting on the doped system has a magnitude of 0.1V/angstrom. The configurations studied here all exhibit stability because of the bonds between atoms. The configurations studied here all exhibit stability because of the bonds between atoms. Density functional theory (DFT) and VASP software are used to study and simulate materials.