bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of experiences and preferences following non-invasive cardiovascular risk procedures: a cross-sectional survey in participants with and without diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lal Anchal , Dave Neha , Kazi Samia , Mitchell Paul , Thiagalingam Aravinda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsEndothelial dysfunction is an early risk marker of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Timely screening is important in reducing cardiovascular disease-associated morbidity and mortality. This cross-sectional study investigates the acceptability and preferability of non-invasive cardiovascular risk procedures (EndoPAT2000 system and the ECG-gated fundoscope) in participants with diabetes mellitus compared to controls.MethodsA self-administered Likert scale-based questionnaire was completed by 106 controls and 117 participants with diabetes mellitus, identified through stratified random sampling, upon conclusion of an Australian Heart Eye sub-study conducted at Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia from 2012 to 2014. Pearson’sχ2test, independent-samples t-test and regression analysis were performed.ResultsStudy participants who responded to the questionnaire had no preference for procedures (controls: 2.4 ± 1.1 vs diabetes mellitus: 2.5 ± 0.9,p = 0.38) but had an overall more negative experience with most aspects of the ECG-gated fundoscope than the EndoPAT2000 system. Of those with diabetes mellitus, participants who provided poorer self-rated health expressed discomfort with the mydriatic drops (ß 0.27, 95%CI 0.001 - 0.54,p = 0.049) and the fundoscope’s green light filter (ß 0.27, 95%CI 0.07 - 0.47,p = 0.009), as well as maintaining still (ß 0.40, 95%CI 0.08 - 0.72,p = 0.02) and not blinking (ß 0.38, 95%CI 0.07 - 0.70,p = 0.02) during photo acquisition. These participants were also less willing to repeat the ECG-gated fundoscope procedure (ß 0.29, 95%CI 0.07 - 0.52,p = 0.01).ConclusionsParticipants with diabetes mellitus, especially with poorer self-rated health, had a more negative experience with the ECG-gated fundoscope than the EndoPAT2000 system. Difficulties experienced under examination by the ECG-gated fundoscope appear related to the procedural design, which requires amendments improving patient comfort and compliance.
Precipitation Extremes and Water Vapor
Authors: Neelin J. David , Martinez-Villalobos Cristian , Stechmann Samuel N. , Ahmed Fiaz , Chen Gang , Norris Jesse M. , Kuo Yi-Hung , Lenderink Geert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurpose of Review:Review our current understanding of how precipitation is related to its thermodynamic environment, i.e., the water vapor and temperature in the surroundings, and implications for changes in extremes in a warmer climate.Recent Findings:Multiple research threads have i) sought empirical relationships that govern onset of strong convective precipitation, or that might identify how precipitation extremes scale with changes in temperature; ii) examined how such extremes change with water vapor in global and regional climate models under warming scenarios; iii) identified fundamental processes that set the characteristic shapes of precipitation distributions.Summary:While water vapor increases tend to be governed by the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship to temperature, precipitation extreme changes are more complex and can increase more rapidly, particularly in the tropics. Progress may be aided by bringing separate research threads together and by casting theory in terms of a full explanation of the precipitation probability distribution.
Sustainable development goals: conceptualization, communication and achievement synergies in a complex network framework
Authors: Bellantuono Loredana , Monaco Alfonso , Amoroso Nicola , Aquaro Vincenzo , Lombardi Angela , Tangaro Sabina , Bellotti Roberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work we use a network-based approach to investigate the complex system of interactions among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), that constitute the structure of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for a sustainable future. We construct a three-layer multiplex, in which SDGs represent nodes, and their connections in each layer are determined by similarity definitions based on conceptualization, communication, and achievement, respectively. In each layer of the multiplex, we investigate the presence of nodes with high centrality, corresponding to strategic SDGs. We then compare the networks to establish whether and to which extent similar patterns emerge. Interestingly, we observe a significant relation between the SDG similarity patterns determined by their achievement and their communication and perception, revealed by social network data. The proposed framework represents an instrument to unveil new and nontrivial aspects of sustainability, laying the foundation of a decision support system to define and implement SDG achievement strategies.
The dynamical evolution of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings of the Arctic winters in the past decade 2011–2021
Authors: Roy R. , Kuttippurath J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, we analyse the dynamical evolution, and identify the major warming (MW) and minor warming events of the past 11 Arctic winters (2010/11–2020/21). During the period, MW is found in 4 winters and is in January for 2012/13, 2018/19 and 2020/21 and in February for 2017/18. A major final warming is observed in the year 2015/16. The most severe MW occurred in the 2012/13 winter, for which a rise in temperature of about 30 K is found at 60° N. The investigation of tropospheric wave forcings for the period reveals that the MW in 2012/13 and 2017/18 is forced by the combined activity of waves 1 and 2, whereas the MW in 2018/19 and 2020/21 is driven by wave 1. Studies have shown that the frequency of Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) in the Arctic has been increasing since 1957/58, which is about 1.1 MWs/winter during 1998/99–2009/10. However, this frequency decreases to 0.36 MWs/winter in the period 2010/11–2020/21 and 0.74 MWs/winter in 1998/99–2020/21. An inverse relationship is observed between the period of occurrence of SSWs and total column ozone (TCO) in the Arctic for the past 11 winters (2010/11–2020/21). For instance, the temperature in the lower stratosphere in January, in which most warmings occur, shows a statistically significant high positive correlation (0.79) with the average TCO in January–March. Therefore, this study assists in understanding the relationship between inter-annual variability of ozone and the occurrence of SSWs.
Mechanism of underexcavation and practical design method for building rectification
Authors: Xiao Junhua , Sun Jianping , Zhang Xin , Yue Qingxia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study presents the mechanism of underexcavation and practical design method for building rectification. Underexcavation is widely used to restore for not only historic monuments but also modern steel–concrete buildings that undergo large differential settlement. Due to the lack of systematic theoretical research and design specifications, the rectification process mainly depends on real-time monitoring. To meet the urgent need to address building tilt whether caused by design errors or by environmental changes, a plane strain numerical simulation is introduced to probe the mechanism of underexcavation for building rectification. The whole process of soil failure and deformation during underexcavation have been analysed with a series of numerical models, and a simplified analysis method has been proposed for predicting key parameters for the design of a building rectification. The simulation results of a single-hole excavation demonstrate the features of soil stress redistribution, the character of the displacement field, the modes of soil failure and the expansion characteristics of the failure zone. The results of simulations of multi-hole underexcavation show the relationship between plastic failure around the holes and global failure of the shallow foundation and indicate that hole closure is the main source of deformation during rectification. Based on the numerical simulation results combined with engineering experience, two key parameters of optimum spacing and hole diameter are obtained.
Counterfactuals of Ontological Dependence
Authors: BARON SAM 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA great deal has been written about ‘would’ counterfactuals of causal dependence. Comparatively little has been said regarding ‘would’ counterfactuals of ontological dependence. The standard Lewis-Stalnaker semantics is inadequate for handling such counterfactuals. That is because some of these counterfactuals are counterpossibles, and the standard Lewis-Stalnaker semantics trivializes for counterpossibles. Fortunately, there is a straightforward extension of the Lewis-Stalnaker semantics available that handles counterpossibles: simply take Lewis's closeness relation that orders possible worlds and unleash it across impossible worlds. To apply the extended semantics, an account of the closeness relation for counterpossibles is needed. In this article, I offer a strategy for evaluating ‘would’ counterfactuals of ontological dependence that understands closeness between worlds in terms of the metaphysical concept of grounding.
Moral Rightness Comes in Degrees
Authors: PETERSON MARTIN 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article questions the traditional view that moral rightness and wrongness are discrete predicates with sharp boundaries. I contend that moral rightness and wrongness come in degrees: Some acts are somewhat rightandsomewhat wrong. My argument is based on the assumption that meaning tracks use. If an overwhelming majority of competent language users frequently say that some acts are a bit right and a bit wrong, this indicates that rightness and wrongnessaregradable concepts. To support the empirical part of the argument I use the tools of experimental philosophy. Results from three surveys (n= 715, 578, and 182) indicate that respondents userightandwrongas gradable terms to approximately the same extent as color terms, meaning that rightness and wrongness come in degrees roughly as much as colors do. In the largest study, only 4 percent persistently usedrightandwrongas non-gradable terms.
Longitudinal survey of antibiotic stewardship practices in Wisconsin nursing homes, before and after a policy change
Authors: Balke Alissa E. , Griffin Victoria L. , Dohm Diane , Ryther Brenda J. , McKinley Linda L. , Podzorski Raymond P. , Marciniak Anna M. , Crnich Christopher J. , Taylor Lindsay N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid mandated that nursing homes implement antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) by November 2017. We conducted surveys of Wisconsin nursing-home stewardship practices before and after this mandate. Our comparison of these surveys shows an overall increase in ASP implementation efforts, but it also highlights areas for further improvement.
The Focus of Love
Authors: Krishek Sharon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is widely agreed that the focus of love is ‘the beloved herself’—but what does this actually mean? Implicit in J. David Velleman’s view of love is the intriguing suggestion that to have ‘the beloved herself’ as the focus of love is to respond to her essence. However, Velleman understands the beloved’s essence to amount to the universal quality of personhood, with the result that the beloved’s particularity becomes marginalized in his account. I therefore suggest an alternative. Based on Søren Kierkegaard’s analysis of the self, I demonstrate that the beloved being ‘herself’ is determined by a quality—selfhood—that is both essential and particular to her. To have as the focus of love ‘the beloved herself,’ I claim, is to respond to this quality, which is to respond to her individual essence.
Bipedal locomotion in zoo apes: Revisiting the hylobatian model for bipedal origins
Authors: Rosen Kyle H. , Jones Caroline E. , DeSilva Jeremy M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBipedal locomotion is a hallmark of being human. Yet the body form from which bipedalism evolved remains unclear. Specifically, the positional behaviour (i.e. orthograde vs. pronograde) and the length of the lumbar spine (i.e. long and mobile vs. short and stiff) of the last common ancestor (LCA) of the African great apes and humans require further investigation. While fossil evidence would be the most conclusive, the paucity of hominid fossils from 5–10 million years ago makes this field of research challenging. In their absence, extant primate anatomy and behaviour may offer some insight into the ancestral body form from which bipedalism could most easily evolve. Here, we quantify the frequency of bipedalism in a large sample (N =496) of zoo-housed hominoids and cercopithecines. Our results show that while each studied species of ape and monkey can move bipedally, hylobatids are significantly more bipedal and engage in bipedal locomotion more frequently and for greater distances than any other primate sampled. These data support hypotheses of an orthograde, long-backed and arboreal LCA, which is consistent with hominoid fossils from the middle-to-late Miocene. If true, knuckle-walking evolved in parallel inPanandGorilla, and the human body form, particularly the long lower back and orthograde posture, is conserved.
A GENERALIZED CANTOR THEOREM IN
Authors: PENG YINHE , SHEN GUOZHEN 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is proved in
$\mathsf {ZF}$
(without the axiom of choice) that, for all infinite sets M, there are no surjections from
$\omega \times M$
onto
$\operatorname {\mathrm {\mathscr {P}}}(M)$
.
TRIPHIODORUS’ SACK OF TROY AND THE POETICS OF CASSANDRA
Authors: Tsakiris Manos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores Triphiodorus’ use of Cassandra in his brief epic Sack of Troy. An examination of the placing of the prophetess within the poem's plot and a comparison with previous literary attestations demonstrate that Triphiodorus makes extended use of the previously supplementary character. The reader is particularly invited to read Cassandra against the Cassandras of Euripides’ Trojan Women and Quintus Smyrnaeus’ Posthomerica, thus identifying ties with both epic and tragedy. Cassandra's speech alludes to the proem of the epic. At the same time, Cassandra's prophecy constitutes the key for understanding the connection between imagery deployed prior and subsequent to her presence, thus ensuring the thematic congruity of the poem. Triphiodorus’ Cassandra constitutes a doublet of the poet, depicted as imitating his poetic voice and effectively summarizing the entire epic in her speech; entwined in Triphiodorus’ poetic agenda, she also becomes its intradiegetic mouthpiece.
Protesting Precarity: South Korean Workers and the Labor of Refusal
Authors: Chun Jennifer Jihye 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis essay examines the crisis of solidarity affecting workers who protest labor precarity under South Korea's capitalist democracy. Once considered foundational to the struggle for national democratization, the dramatic protests of aggrieved workers are frequently depicted as out of place and out of sync. Drawing upon ethnographic research on workers’ protest repertoires, this essay challenges prevailing explanations and instead argues that heightened forms of drama, ritual, and suffering in workers’ protests enact a willful politics of refusal. Moving beyond resistance as an all-encompassing frame, the labor of refusal foregrounds ways of being and becoming that are not rooted in the contractual fallacies of liberal capitalist democracy, but in the spaces of solidarity produced by social movement networks and grassroots communities of care. The labor of refusal may not always generate robust solidarity, but it challenges the structures of organized abandonment that treat workers as disposable under neoliberal capitalist rule.
Patient outcomes following thyroid surgery for thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Selwyn D , How-Hong E , Tan H , England R J 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTotal thyroidectomy can be used as a definitive treatment modality for thyrotoxicosis. This study assessed the outcomes of patients treated with surgery at a single secondary care site.MethodA retrospective cohort study was conducted analysing consecutive patients who underwent thyroid surgery for thyrotoxicosis between 24 November 2000 and 26 April 2019 (n = 595).ResultsTotal thyroidectomy was performed in 95.4 per cent of patients. Two-thirds of patients had Graves’ disease histology. Of patients, 22.8 per cent became transiently hypothyroid whilst on levothyroxine (thyroid hormone replacement therapy). Transient and persistent hypocalcaemia was present in 23.3 per cent and 2.8 per cent of patients respectively. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was transient and persistent in 3.6 per cent and 0.3 per cent respectively. Of patients, 2.5 per cent developed post-operative haematomas that required surgical evacuation in the operating theatre.ConclusionThe overall complication rate for thyroid surgery is higher in thyrotoxic than in euthyroid patients. Compared to other treatment modalities, total thyroidectomy appears to be the most effective, definitive means of managing Graves’ disease.
The foreign language effect on altruistic decision making: Insights from the framing effect
Authors: Liu Cong , Wang Han , Timmer Kalinka , Jiao Lu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated the foreign language effect within an altruistic decision making process. Chinese–English bilinguals made altruistic decisions in their native (L1: Chinese) and second language (L2: English). The decisions were framed in two ways: either as “not to harm” (harm frame) or as “to help” the other person (help frame) at one's economic cost. Behavioral results suggest that bilinguals might behave more altruistically in the harm frame than the help frame (i.e., framing effect) in their native language but not in their foreign language. Electrophysiological results show that the modulation of the framing effect in the native versus foreign language originated in the early ERP components (N1 and N2) and did not present in the late positive potential (LPP). These findings suggest the foreign language effect most likely results from the reduced emotional reaction in a foreign compared to the native language.
A Physical Interpretation of Asymmetric Growth and Decay of the Geomagnetic Dipole Moment
Authors: Buffett B. A. , Avery M. S. , Davis W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObservations of relative paleointensity reveal several forms of asymmetry in the time dependence of the virtual axial dipole moment (VADM). Slow decline of the VADM into a reversal is often followed by a more rapid rise back to a quasi‐steady state. Asymmetry is also observed in trends of VADM during times of stable polarity. Trends of increasing VADM over time intervals of a few 10s of kyr are more intense and less frequent than decreasing trends. We examine the origin of this behavior using stochastic models. The usual (Langevin) model can account for asymmetries during reversals, but it cannot reproduce the observed asymmetry in trends during stable polarity. Better agreement is achieved with a different class of stochastic models in which the dipole is generated by a series of impulsive events in time. The timing of each event occurs randomly as a Poisson process and the amplitude is also randomly distributed. Predicted trends replicate the observed asymmetry when the generation events are large and the recurrence time is long (typically longer than 3 kyr). Large and infrequent generation events argue against dipole generation by small‐scale turbulent flow. Instead, the observations favor a mechanism that relies on expulsion of poloidal magnetic field from the core.
Overturning Instabilities Across a Warm Core Ring From Glider Observations
Authors: Pérez J. G. C. , Pallàs‐Sanz E. , Tenreiro M. , Meunier T. , Jouanno J. , Ruiz‐Angulo A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work presents new evidence for conducive conditions for the existence of overturning instabilities in the mixed layer across a mesoscale anticyclonic Loop Current Eddy (LCE) and surrounding cyclonic eddies in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The LCE was intensively sampled using four gliders during 12 months. The LCE is characterized by a strong anomaly of fresh and warm water in the center and strong strain at the periphery. Mixed layers prone to overturning instabilities are diagnosed from the gradients of buoyancy. In the GoM, the reduction of potential vorticity (PV) in the mixed layer is driven by surface cooling by year‐round persistent negative turbulent heat fluxes, eventually reaching −700 W m−2 during extreme winter wind events. Lateral buoyancy gradients associated with submesoscale filaments and fronts at the periphery of the LCE enhance the frictional torque supplied by the wind stress when aligned with the geostrophic jet current. Negative PV in the mixed layer occurs simultaneously with negative turbulent heat fluxes and events of Ekman buoyancy fluxes that reduce the stratification. These regions are susceptible to mixed‐layer gravitational‐symmetric instability preferentially in winter. Extreme Ekman equivalent heat flux (≤−10,000 W m−2) associated with wind stress of 1.2 N m−2 coincides with the development of inertial‐symmetric instability across anticyclonic vorticity. These observations might have several implications for the restratification processes, kinetic energy budget, and biogeochemical cycles inside LCEs and can contribute to the formation of low‐PV waters that could feed mode water formation inside the GoM.
Locally Modified Winds Regulate Circulation in a Semi‐Enclosed Shelf Sea
Authors: Akpınar Anıl , Palmer Matthew R. , Inall Mark , Berx Barbara , Polton Jeff 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWind driven circulation in the North Sea is revisited with a specific focus on locally modified winds and their impacts. We show for the first time that local extrema of the wind stress curl (WSC), generated by orography and ocean‐atmosphere interactions, help regulate circulation in the northern North Sea. While calculated transports are strongly coupled with wind stress, which itself is driven by large‐scale forcing, transports through the Norwegian Trench have higher correlations with the WSC field due to local extrema. Such WSC extrema regulate the eddy activity around the Norwegian Trench. We conclude that orography and ocean‐atmosphere interaction are two important mechanisms contributing to the generation of the WSC extrema around the Norwegian coast. Ocean‐atmosphere interaction is considered a potential mechanism developing the WSC extrema. Our results show that local winds are more important than previously documented, with important implications for regional circulation likely to result from future changes to local surface gradients, such as may arise from changing meteorological or hydro‐climatic forcing. These are additional impacts on North Sea circulation that may not be accounted for from changes in wind stress alone.