bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive transcriptional profiling and functional study of lymphangiogenic growth factor in placentome of early‐stage pregnant water buffalo
Authors: A. R. Pooja , Pandey Yogesh , Punetha Meeti , Kala Anju , Samad Hari Abdul , Singh Gyanendra , Chouhan Vikrant Singh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression and localization of lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D), their receptor (VEGFR3) and lymphatic endothelial marker (LYVE1) in buffalo placenta during early pregnancy [EP], and to investigate the functional role of lymphangiogenic growth factors in placental lymphangiogenesis. The mRNA and protein expression of VEGF‐C, VEGF‐D, their receptor VEGFR3 and LYVE1 showed significant expression in EP1 (29–42 days) and EP2 stages (51–82 days) both in caruncle (maternal part) and cotyledon (foetal part) of the buffalo placenta. Immunoreactivity of VEGF‐C, VEGF‐D and LYVE1 was observed around the endometrial gland, in lymphatics and trophoblast cells, whereas VEGFR3 mainly localized in lymphatics of the caruncle and cotyledons. Cultured trophoblast cells were treated with VEGF‐C/VEGF‐D (50, 100 and 150 ng/ml) and combined doses of VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D (150 ng/ml) each for different time durations (24, 48 and 72 h). The mRNA expression of LYVE1 and PCNA was significantly (p < .001) upregulated with VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D and combined treatment (@150 ng/ml), as well as significantly downregulating Caspase‐3 at 48 and 72 h. Thus, the present study provides evidence that lymphangiogenic factors are expressed in buffalo placental compartments and they may play a significant role in the regulation of placental function in water buffaloes.
The influence of international trade on labour productivity in services: The case of Brazil in the 1990s
Authors: Gardner H. Stephen , Paz Lourenço S. , Ssozi John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the developing world, services account for a rising share of domestic employment and international trade. Thus, it is important to know whether trade liberalization contributes to labour productivity in services. We explore this question, examining the 1990–2000 Brazilian trade liberalization. We find that growth of imports and exports strengthened labour productivity in services, but the contribution was smaller in subsectors with more college graduates, and this negative offset was larger in subsectors that received large foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. Improved access to imported manufactured intermediate inputs raised downstream services' labour productivity and downstream manufacturing firms benefitting from tariff cuts enacted by trade partners generated spillovers that improved the labour productivity of upstream service subsectors. However, FDI inflows and investments in human and physical capital modified these downstream factors. We conclude that the Brazilian trade liberalization strengthened productivity in services, but unequally across subsectors.
Impact of Disc Wheel Geometry on Aerodynamic Performance: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation
Authors: Malizia Fabio , Blocken Bert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAerodynamic drag is the main resistive force in cycling at high speeds and on flat terrain, so reducing it is critical to improving cyclist performance. Aerodynamic comparisons have been made in the past between different types of wheels, and disk wheels were often the best performers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies in the available literature on how modifications to the disk wheel geometry can improve its performance. Therefore, this paper studies and compares the aerodynamics of disk wheels with flat side disks and with curved side disks (lenticular). Moreover, semilenticular front wheels with an asymmetrical shape are introduced. All but one of the simulated (semi-)lenticular wheels perform better than the flat disk wheels at all yaw angles, e.g., the maximum CD reduction was 5.5%, 10.9%, and 87.5% at 0 deg, 4 deg, and 8 deg yaw angle, respectively. Semilenticular wheels provide a lower CD at medium and large yaw angles compared to corresponding symmetric lenticular wheels. Moreover, the large influence of the ratio of tire width to wheel width on the aerodynamic drag of cycling wheels is confirmed. These results will help riders in their wheel choice and will help manufacturers to design future disk wheels.
Numerical Investigation of Bladeless Compressor on Different Disk Spaces and Diffuser Configurations
Authors: Tiwari Ravi Nath , Eleftheriou Konstantinos , Ferrari Mario Luigi , Efstathiadis Theofilos , Traverso Alberto , Kalfas Anestis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The cost-effectiveness of turbomachinery is a key aspect within the small-size compressor market. For this reason, Tesla turbomachinery, invented by Nikola Tesla in 1913, could be a good solution, particularly for low volumetric flow applications, where volumetric compressors are usually used. It consists of a bladeless rotor that stands out for its ease of construction and its ability to maintain almost the same performance as size decreases. One of its advantages is that it can run either as a turbine or as a compressor with minor modifications at the stator. The objective of this paper is to investigate a 3 kW Tesla compressor, which design was derived from an analogous Tesla expander prototype (58% isentropic efficiency from the numerical study), by conducting a computational fluid dynamic analysis for different disk gaps and diffuser configurations. The potential of the Tesla compressor is shown to be quite promising, with a peak isentropic efficiency estimated at 53%. Although bladeless compressor is a simple turbomachinery device, different parts, i.e., diffuser, tip clearance, and volute need to be optimized. Utilizing computational fluid dynamics algorithms, different disk gaps and different diffusers are simulated in order to increase the overall performance of the compressor and understand the flow dynamic behavior behind this technology. The dimensionless Ekman number is used to express the optimum disk space of the compressor rotor. Thus, the overall performance of the Tesla compressor is improved by 5–10% points compared to the initial model. Simultaneously, diffuser optimization strategies are applied and proved that there is a direct impact on the optimum design conditions, improving the pressure ratio at high mass flow rates.
Comparison of Cast, Wrought, and LPBF Processed IN718 Concerning Crack Growth Threshold and Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior
Authors: Brune Timo , Kraemer Karl Michael , Kontermann Christian , Oechsner Matthias 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study focuses on the influence of microstructure and ductility on the short crack behavior and the fatigue crack growth (FCG) threshold. For this, an additively manufactured batch of the nickel-based alloy IN718, made via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process, is compared to both conventionally wrought and cast IN718 material. An initial characterization revealed significant differences in grain structure, from regular fine grained wrought material to large grains of several millimeters in diameter in the cast variant and a chessboard-like grain structure typical for LPBF. The ductility parameters of IN718-LPBF and wrought IN718 are comparable at room temperature, but at 650 °C the LPBF-variant shows macroscopic brittle fracture. The fatigue crack behavior both in the short and long crack regime is investigated in air at 650 °C. To produce minimal crack growth increments of about 1 μm, a compressive precracking and subsequent threshold test procedure with stepwise load increase has been adapted for high temperature testing. To assess the short crack behavior, cyclic R-curves have been generated taking the influence of three different stress ratios (R = −1, 0, and 0.5) into account. As expected, increasing crack closure mechanisms at higher stress ratios lead to higher stress intensity amplitudes ΔKI necessary to initiate crack growth. The crack growth resistance of the LPBF-processed variant is higher compared to wrought IN718. In the long crack regime, the wrought alloy yields higher crack growth rates compared to LPBF and cast IN718. An expected R-ratio dependency is observed for all material states.
Design of an Additively Manufactured Recuperator With 800 °C Inlet Temperature for sCO2 Power Cycle Application
Authors: Marshall Michael , Akbari Meysam , Zhao Ji-Cheng , Hoopes Kevin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recuperators with design temperatures at and above 800 °C can further increase the thermal efficiency of supercritical CO2 power cycles by enabling higher turbine exhaust temperatures. Mar-M247 is a well-suited nickel-based superalloy for high temperature service due to its high creep strength that prevents excessive material thickness being required for pressure containment. Additive manufacturing using a high-speed laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) process presents a promising solution, with build trials demonstrating the ability to produce nonconventional flow channels for enhanced heat transfer. A design process is presented that includes aerothermal and mechanical evaluation to maximize performance within the constraints of the manufacturing process. A 2-D heat transfer network and pressure drop code allows prediction of flow distribution and its effect on overall thermal performance. Established literature correlations, along with CFD simulation, inform the prediction of heat transfer coefficients and friction factors for the flowpaths and enhancement features in the heat exchanger core. Mechanical evaluation using finite element analysis (FEA) modeling with the intent of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) Section VIII, Div. 2 assesses the operational safety of the design. The detailed design features annular finned passages that take advantage of helical flow paths to distribute the flow from separated headers to shared heat transfer surfaces. Performance predictions for the recuperator at a 50 kW scale provide insights into the feasibility of the additively manufactured (AM) process to produce recuperators on a commercial scale that extend existing operating envelopes.
Numerical Investigation of Rich-Lean Staging in a SGT-750 Scaled Dry Low Emission Burner With Partially Decomposed Ammonia
Authors: Indlekofer Thomas , Wiseman Samuel , Nogenmyr Karl-Johan , Larfeldt Jenny , Gruber Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ammonia is emerging as a very convenient hydrogen- and energy-carrier in the context of present efforts to curb carbon emissions from the power-generation and transport sectors. As opposed to hydrogen, the properties of ammonia make it significantly simpler to transport and store. Early exploratory work on the combustion of pure ammonia in laboratory-scale gas turbine combustors revealed that the adoption of a longitudinal rich-lean staging strategy in the operation of the device is a convenient approach to minimize NOx and N2O emissions from fuel-bound nitrogen oxidation. Moreover, recent experimental evidence acquired at SINTEF confirms that the low-emission performance achieved with rich-lean staging also applies to the combustion of partially decomposed ammonia. In this paper, we report a comprehensive numerical modeling study that exploits large eddy simulation (LES) in conjunction with detailed chemical kinetics and a chemical reactors network (CRN) model to assess a rich-lean staging strategy applied to the combustion of partially decomposed ammonia in the Siemens Energy fourth-generation dry low emission (DLE) burner. Data analysis performed from both numerical modeling approaches, LES and CRN, confirm that the rich-lean staging strategy tested in the present study indeed results in significantly lower emissions compared to the conventional operational profile of the burner. Furthermore, reaction pathways analysis performed on the CRN data reveals important details that characterize the different evolution of nitrogen species between the nonstaged and staged operation of the burner, ultimately leading to the observed difference in NOx and N2O emissions
Techno-Economic Comparison of Supercritical CO2, Steam, and Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery Applications
Authors: Baglietto Giovanni , Maccarini Simone , Traverso Alberto , Bruttini Paolo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) is taking a growing interest in both industry and academic communities as a promising technology capable of high efficiency, flexibility, and competitive capital costs. Many possible applications are studied in the energy field, from nuclear power plants to concentrating solar power and waste heat recovery (WHR). To evaluate the competitiveness of sCO2 cycles relative to other competing technologies, mainly steam and organic fluid Rankine cycles (ORC), a specific techno-economic analysis is needed to fairly compare the different technologies for each application, in order to find the most appropriate market position of the innovative sCO2 plants, compared to the existing steam and ORC solutions. In the present study, techno-economic analysis and optimization have been conducted focusing on WHR applications, for different sizes and cycle parameters operating conditions using an in-house simulation tool. The analyzed cycles were first optimized by aiming at maximizing the net electrical power and then aiming at minimizing the specific capital cost. As a result, compared to traditional plants, we obtained that in the first case, the more complex sCO2 cycle configuration shows competitive performance, while in the second case, the simpler sCO2 cycle configuration has a lower specific cost for the same electrical power produced (with a difference of approximately −130 €/kW compared to the steam cycle). In general, while traditional technologies confirmed a good tradeoff between performance and cost, supercritical CO2 cycles show attractive characteristics for applications requiring simplicity and compactness, guaranteeing in the meantime other technical advantages such as water-free operation.
Scalability Testing Approach for Internet of Things for Manufacturing SQL and NoSQL Database Latency and Throughput
Authors: Gamero David , Dugenske Andrew , Saldana Christopher , Kurfess Thomas , Fu Katherine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The proliferation of low-cost sensors and industrial data solutions has continued to push the frontier of manufacturing technology. Machine learning and other advanced statistical techniques stand to provide tremendous advantages in production capabilities, optimization, monitoring, and efficiency. The tremendous volume of data gathered continues to grow, and the methods for storing the data are critical underpinnings for advancing manufacturing technology. This work aims to investigate the ramifications and design tradeoffs within a decoupled architecture of two prominent database management systems (DBMS): sql and NoSQL. A representative comparison is carried out with Amazon Web Services (AWS) DynamoDB and AWS Aurora MySQL. The technologies and accompanying design constraints are investigated, and a side-by-side comparison is carried out through high-fidelity industrial data simulated load tests using metrics from a major US manufacturer. The results support the use of simulated client load testing for comparing the latency of database management systems as a system scales up from the prototype stage into production. As a result of complex query support, MySQL is favored for higher-order insights, while NoSQL can reduce system latency for known access patterns at the expense of integrated query flexibility. By reviewing this work, a manufacturer can observe that the use of high-fidelity load testing can reveal tradeoffs in IoTfM write/ingestion performance in terms of latency that are not observable through prototype-scale testing of commercially available cloud DB solutions.
Decentralized and Centralized Planning for Multi-Robot Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Poudel Laxmi , Elagandula Saivipulteja , Zhou Wenchao , Sha Zhenghui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a decentralized approach based on a simple set of rules to schedule multi-robot cooperative additive manufacturing (AM). The results obtained using the decentralized approach are compared with those obtained from an optimization-based method, representing the class of centralized approaches for manufacturing scheduling. Two simulated case studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of both approaches in total makespan. In the first case, four rectangular bars of different dimensions from small to large are printed. Each bar is first divided into small subtasks (called chunks), and four robots are then assigned to cooperatively print the resulting chunks. The second case study focuses on testing geometric complexity, where four robots are used to print a mask stencil (an inverse stencil, not face covering). The result shows that the centralized approach provides a better solution (shorter makespan) compared to the decentralized approach for small-scale problems (i.e., a few robots and chunks). However, the gap between the solutions shrinks while the scale increases, and the decentralized approach outperforms the centralized approach for large-scale problems. Additionally, the runtime for the centralized approach increased by 39-fold for the extra-large problem (600 chunks and four robots) compared to the small-scale problem (20 chunks and four robots). In contrast, the runtime for the decentralized approach was not affected by the scale of the problem. Finally, a Monte-Carlo analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the centralized approach against uncertainties in AM. The result shows that the variations in the printing time of different robots can lead to a significant discrepancy between the generated plan and the actual implementation, thereby causing collisions between robots that should have not happened if there were no uncertainties. On the other hand, the decentralized approach is more robust because a collision-free schedule is generated in real-time.
Characterizing Flow Instabilities During Transient Events in the Turbine Rim Seal Cavity
Authors: Rozman Maria , DeShong Eric T. , Thole Karen A. , Berdanier Reid A. , Robak Christopher 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gas turbine engine design requires considerations not only for long-term steady operation but also for critical transient events. Aircraft engines undergo significant stress during takeoff and landing, while power generation turbines must be flexible for hot restarts as renewable energy sources come online and offline. During these transient cycles, engines sustain wear and degradation that can lead to a reduction in the lifespan of their components and more frequent, costly maintenance. Cooling flows are often used to mitigate these effects, but can lead to complex and problematic flow interactions. This study uses high-frequency response pressure probes and heat flux gauges in the rim seal cavity of a one-stage research turbine to characterize the properties of large-scale flow structures during transient operation. A continuous-duration turbine testing facility provides the ability to assess the importance of these transients by first reaching steady-state operation before imposing transient behaviors. Although previous studies have conducted similar measurements for steady purge flows and wheel speeds, varying these parameters to simulate transient effects revealed several unique phenomena not identifiable with discrete steady measurements. The measurement approach connects the varied transient parameter to the behavior of the flow structures to enable a better understanding of the type of instability observed and the root cause of its formation. In particular, a relationship between instability cell formation and rim sealing effectiveness was identified using experimental data and was supported through computational simulations.
Scalable and High-Performance Core-Shell Microparticle Embedded Polymer Coating for Thermal-Controllable Passive Radiative Cooling
Authors: Chen Siru , Pan Aiqiang , Lin Kaixin , Lee Hau Him , Ho Tsz Chung , Tso Chi Yan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Air conditioning systems consume a significant amount of energy used in buildings while the refrigerants used in air conditioners leads to ozone layer depletion, causing global warming. Recently, to mitigate this issue, passive radiative cooling has attracted great interest. By reflecting the solar irradiance and selectively emitting mid-infrared thermal radiation, net cooling can be realized by passive radiative cooling without any power input. However, practically, a cooling effect is not desired all year round. To solve this problem, in this study, we propose a thermal-controllable passive radiative cooling coating (TPRCC) consisting of a hierarchically porous structured polymer embedded with thermochromic core-shell microparticles, which can automatically regulate the solar reflectivity by the ambient temperature. This study aims to develop a simple method to fabricate the proposed TPRCC with several common colors (i.e. grey, green, yellow, and red) as well as to investigate its cooling power modulation ability numerically. Based on the results of the study, among those colors, the green-TPRCC achieves the best radiative cooling and cooling power modulation ability, which shows the adjustable solar reflectivity between 68.64% to 92.60% under medium concentrations of thermochromic dyes with estimated 265 W/m2 cooling power modulation ability. Overall, the proposed TPRCC shows tremendous potential to be applied on exterior walls of smart-green buildings, and thus save a large amount of energy consumed by air conditioning systems thanks to its functionality and adjustable appearance.
Emissions Abatement of Pepper Roasting Utilizing a Concentrating Solar Tower Thermal Heat Source
Authors: Armijo Kenneth M. , Overacker Aaron , Mendoza Hector , Madden Dimitri , Ray Daniel , Garcia-Maldonado Luis , Armijo Kenneth I. , Montoya Randolph 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Research is presented for carbon emissions abatement utilizing concentrating solar power (CSP) heating for culinary industrial process heat applications of roasting peppers. For this investigation the Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) performed high-intensity flux profile heating, as high as approximately 12.2 W/cm2 roasting peppers near 615°C. This work also explores the suitability of culinary roasting as applied to different forms of CSP heating as well as techno-economic costs. Traditionally, chile pepper roasting has used propane gas source heating to achieve similar temperatures and food roasting profiles in batch style processing. Here, the investigators roasted peppers on the top level of the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) solar tower for multiple roasting trials, with and without water. For comparison, the team also performed roasting from a traditional propane gas heating source, monitoring the volume of propane being consumed over time to assess carbon emissions that were abated using CSP. Results found that roasting peppers with CSP facilitated approximately 26 MJ of energy that abated approximately 0.122 kg CO2/kg chile for a 10 kg bag. The team also determined that pre-wetting the peppers before roasting both under propane and CSP heat sources increased the roast time by approximately 3 minutes to achieve the same qualitative optimal roast state compared to dry peppers.