bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inland-coastal demographic transformations in a karst area: a case study of the surroundings of Krka National Park (Croatia)
Authors: Telbisz Tamás , Radeljak Kaufmann Petra , Bočić Neven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccording to geographic possibilism, environment does not determine socio-economic development. However, the environment sets certain constraints and limitations for development. How do natural settings influence population dynamics? In this study, we examine this question using the example of Šibenik-Knin County, which includes Krka National Park (NP) with a GIS-based statistical approach. The following parameters represent natural factors: elevation, slope, distance from water, and proportion of karst areas. In addition, distance from Krka NP was also added as an independent semi-natural factor (despite the fact that it is a social construction). The dependent social parameters are population density for selected historical dates, population change, year of maximum population, natural increase, migration, and age index. The analysis units are the 199 settlements found in the county, and the 20 local administrative units (LAU2). The study period can be divided into five phases: from the first census in 1857 to 1921, there was a slow increase in most settlements; then a relatively constant phase up to 1961 (some settlements began shrinking in this period); a slow decrease until 1991; a rapid decrease during the next decade; and relative stabilisation to present day. These processes were also accompanied by significant inner and outer migrations. As for the relationships between natural and demographic factors, we found that although the coastal-inland area dichotomy is dominant in the study area, elevation has the highest correlation with most population parameters. However, distance from water is also significantly correlated with population change and migration in certain periods. In the inland areas, there are statistically significant differences between the demographic processes of fully-karstic and partially-karstic areas, while in the coastal zone, the karst effect is overshadowed by other social processes. The impact of Krka NP on the demographic characteristics of the surrounding settlements was statistically not detectable. Our final conclusion is that correlations between natural and population parameters are low or moderately strong but statistically significant in many cases, thus the basic principles of geographic possibilism are valid for the area.
Quasi-Non-destructive Characterization of Carburized Case Depth by an Application of Centerless X-ray Diffractometers
Authors: Sepsi Mate , Szobota Peter , Mertinger Valeria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new application of a centerless x-ray diffractometer was proposed that goes beyond residual stress measurements during the regular operation of such equipment. During depth residual stress measurement, it is possible to fit the measured interference function of the ferrite (211) with a different number of curves as a function of depth. The different curves corresponded with the appearance of ferrite fractions with different grain sizes and concentrations in ferrite, perlite, bainite, or martensite. Accordingly, different microstructures were non-destructively detected through the thickness of the carburized layer, and a good correlation was found with results from metallography and hardness testing. This novel method was validated on solid and gas carburized samples, but more work is needed to apply it to other microstructures.
Enhancing Gender
Authors: Zohny Hazem , Earp Brian D. , Savulescu Julian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTransgender healthcare faces a dilemma. On the one hand, access to certain medical interventions, including hormone treatments or surgeries, where desired, may be beneficial or even vital for some gender dysphoric trans people. But on the other hand, access to medical interventions typically requires a diagnosis, which, in turn, seems to imply the existence of a pathological state—something that many transgender people reject as a false and stigmatizing characterization of their experience or identity. In this paper we argue that developments from the human enhancement debate can help clarify or resolve some of the conceptual and ethical entanglements arising from the apparent conflict between seeking medicine while not necessarily suffering from a pathology or disorder. Specifically, we focus on the welfarist account of human enhancement and argue it can provide a useful conceptual framework for thinking about some of the more contentious disagreements about access to transgender healthcare services.
Local and systemic effect of azadirachtin on host choice and feeding activity of Macrosiphum rosae on rose plants
Authors: Bartelsmeier Imke , Kilian Michael , ten Broeke Cindy J. M. , Mertens Daan , Dicke Marcel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany studies in the last decades addressed the antifeedant and repellent effects of neem (Azadirachta indica)-based pesticides on arthropod herbivores with azadirachtin as the leading active ingredient. However, results for aphids regarding repellence and feeding were often contradictory and mainly based on laboratory studies with self-made neem extracts in high concentrations. Moreover, no data are available on the presence of azadirachtin in the phloem of treated plants—the tissue that most aphids feed on. We investigated how the application of the commercial neem product NeemAzal-T/S onto only one plant half (upper or lower) affects nymphs of the aphidMacrosiphum rosaein clip cages on the untreated plant half. Results for aphid mortality indicate that active ingredients of NeemAzal-T/S are translocated both upwards and downwards in rose plants and that active ingredients are transported in the phloem. Furthermore, we investigated whether NeemAzal-T/S has a repellent or antifeedant effect onM. rosae. A choice test in the greenhouse as well as the quantification of honeydew excretion and electrical penetration graph analysis do not show differences in settling or feeding on untreated and NeemAzal-T/S-treated rose plants. Collectively, our data show that the effect of approved concentrations of NeemAzal-T/S onM. rosaeis based on the toxicity after feeding on treated plants, not on starvation.
Neuromodulation for Chronic Daily Headache
Authors: Coppola Gianluca , Magis Delphine , Casillo Francesco , Sebastianelli Gabriele , Abagnale Chiara , Cioffi Ettore , Di Lenola Davide , Di Lorenzo Cherubino , Serrao Mariano 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We reviewed the literature that explored the use of central and peripheral neuromodulation techniques for chronic daily headache (CDH) treatment.

Recent Findings
Although the more invasive deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective in chronic cluster headache (CCH), it should be reserved for extremely difficult-to-treat patients. Percutaneous occipital nerve stimulation has shown similar efficacy to DBS and is less risky in both CCH and chronic migraine (CM). Non-invasive transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation is a promising add-on treatment for CCH but not for CM. Transcutaneous external trigeminal nerve stimulation may be effective in treating CM; however, it has not yet been tested for cluster headache. Transcranial magnetic and electric stimulations have promising preventive effects against CM and CCH.

Summary
Although the precise mode of action of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques remains largely unknown and there is a paucity of controlled trials, they should be preferred to more invasive techniques for treating CDH.
Protective Effects of Ginkgolide on a Cellular Model of Alzheimer’s Disease via Suppression of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Niu Tian-Tong , Yin He , Xu Bao-Lei , Yang Ting-Ting , Li Hui-Qin , Sun Yi , Liu Guang-Zhi 
Published: February 2022

SynopsisNF-κB signaling has been reported to play a key regulatory role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ginkgolide on cell viability in an AD cellular model involving an APP/PS1 double gene-transfected HEK293 cell line (APP/PS1-HEK293) and further explore the mechanisms of action related to NF-κB signaling. The optimal time point and concentration of ginkgolide for cell proliferation were screened using a cell counting kit-8 assay. Based on the results, an in vitro study was performed by co-culture of APP/PS1-HEK293 with different dosages of ginkgolide, followed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the levels of supernatant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, as well as western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect intracellular protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, IκBa, Bcl-2, and Bax. APP/PS1-HEK293 cells exhibited the highest cell viability at a concentration of 100 µg/ml after 48 h of treatment with ginkgolide. The supernatant levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the high-dosage ginkgolide-treated groups were lower than those in the control group. Compared with the control group, there were decreased intracellular protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 and Bax, but increased protein and mRNA expression of IκBa in both high-dosage and low-dosage groups. Ginkgolide may enhance cell viability, indicative of its neuroprotective effects on AD, at least partially via suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway involving anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation mechanisms. Therefore, ginkgolide might be a promising therapeutic agent against AD.
Graphical abstract
Social phobic beliefs mediate the relationship between post-event processing regarding the worst socially aversive experience and fear of negative evaluation
Authors: Seinsche Rosa J. , Walter Bertram , Fricke Susanne , Neudert Marie K. , Zehtner Raphaela I. , Stark Rudolf , Hermann Andrea 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe experience of socially aversive events is proposed to be a critical etiological factor in the development of social anxiety symptoms even though the experience itself is also common among healthy individuals. Rather than the event itself, accompanying factors such as maladaptive processing might be associated with higher levels of social anxiety symptoms. One-hundred-seventy-four individuals participated in this online-survey comprising questionnaires regarding social anxiety symptoms and retrospective reports concerning maladaptive processing of the worst socially aversive event. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the hypothesized mediation of maladaptive processing and fear of negative evaluation by intrusive re-experiencing and social phobic beliefs. The positive association between retrospectively evaluated maladaptive processing after the worst socially aversive event and fear of negative evaluation was mediated by social phobic beliefs but not by intrusive re-experiencing. These results point towards the relevance of further investigating processing strategies after socially aversive events as a potential influencing factor for SAD development.Trial registration.The trial was registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00021502) on June 3rd, 2020.
Study on application of fuzzy control model in phosphate removal system of sewage water
Authors: Zhou Ke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe precise input of flocculant and coagulant aid into phosphate wastewater is a key problem to degrade the phosphate content in sewage water and make the total phosphates and suspended pollutants in sewage water reach the discharged standard. In this paper, a new method combining fuzzy control technology with wastewater treatment control system was proposed to establish an automatic control system suitable for phosphates removal treatment. Based on experiment data and current experience, the membership function and fuzzy rules were set up, and the fuzzy control technology was obtained with simulation analysis, and the efficient treatment of sewage water was realized. It can be seen from the results that the fuzzy control technology can be applied to the phosphate removal control system for treating sewage water, and the standard of stable, accurate and efficient sewage treatment system can be established.
Evaluation of groundwater contamination for fluoride and nitrate in Nellore Urban Province, Southern India: a special emphasis on human health risk assessment (HHRA)
Authors: Reddy C. K. V. Chaithanya , Golla Veeraswamy , Badapalli Pradeep Kumar , Reddy N. B. Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGroundwater pollution with fluoride and nitrate is one of the most serious issues in coastal regions. Thirty-nine groundwater samples were collected in the current research region and tested for PH, TDS, and EC. Thirty-nine groundwater samples were collected in the current research region and tested for PH, TDS, EC and cations, anions, and hardness. The elevated parameters are EC, PH, TDS, and nitrates. The fluoride fell in the permissible limit in Nellore urban area, nitrate and fluoride exposure heath risk calculated by using the US EPA method. From that, the total hazard index (THI) was calculated. The fluoride total hazard index value ranges from 0.15 to 0.95 and that of average 0.45, which fell below < 1, hence no significance on children, women, and men. The nitrate is falling in excess in groundwater. The ranges are 35 mg/l to 72 mg/l, and adverse value is 47.8 mg/l. The total hazard index (THI) of nitrates fell at > 1, which indicates a harmful for the human health. The computed THI affected percentage is the children (100%), women (95%), and men (30%). The nitrate was released in water due to the industrial discharge, septic tanks, manure pools, sewer system, and rock–water interaction. The abundance of the cations and anions is Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42 > NO3 > F. The Gibbs diagram explains the source of the chemistry; hence, all samples fell in the rock–water interaction area.
Evaluation of groundwater quality and its impact on human health: a case study from Chotanagpur plateau fringe region in India
Authors: Chakraborty Baisakhi , Roy Sambhunath , Bera Biswajit , Adhikary Partha Pratim , Bhattacharjee Sumana , Sengupta Debashish , Shit Pravat Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGroundwater is a vital and purest form of natural resource. In the recent years, various anthropogenic causes threat its natural quality. Therefore, its suitability for drinking, irrigation and other purposes make doubtful conditions of human well-being, especially in developing countries. In this present study, groundwater quality was evaluated for drinking, irrigation and human health hazard purposes particularly in Chotanagpur plateau fringe of India. In total, 58 water samples were collected from different locations in pre-monsoon (February–March 2020) and post-monsoon (October–November 2020) seasons to delineate seasonal variation of groundwater quality according to as reported by WHO (WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2011) guidelines. Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) and Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) have been applied to assess the suitability of drinking purposes. Irrigation parameters (SAR, SSP, MAR, PI, KR) showed the significant deterioration of water quality in pre-monsoon than post-monsoon period. Major cations (such as sodium, calcium) and major anions (such as bicarbonate, nitrate and fluoride) exceeded their standard limit in both the seasons. Non-carcinogenic health risk is found due to heavy metal contamination through drinking water. The health risk index was higher for children in comparison with adults. This research finding can definitely help to planners and administrators for immediate decision making regarding public health (for groundwater quality improvement).
Water quality and risk assessment of copper content in drinking water stored in copper container
Authors: Manne Ravi , Kumaradoss Mohan Maruga Raja Muthu , Iska Raja Sekhara Reddy , Devarajan Agilandeswari , Mekala Nageswararao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn most developing countries, drinking water is still a serious challenge. Many water purification methods exist, but they are costly and out of reach for many people. Copper is an ancient metal that has been used from several thousands of years. Because of its antibacterial properties, ancient cultures held this metal in high regard. Copper vessels are still in use today for storing drinking water due to its ability to purify water. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the copper concentration in drinking water after storing in copper containers/bottle over different time periods with respect to copper safety levels. For this study, water is stored in a copper container up to 168 h and the water samples are collected at different intervals. The concentration of copper is analyzed in water samples using ICPMS, and it ranges from 0.009 to 0.823 mg/L, which indicates as time increases simultaneously copper content also raises in the stored water. The higher copper content was detected at sample@168 h which was also well within the permissible limits of World Health Organization and United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Steady declining trend of groundwater table and severe water crisis in unconfined hard rock aquifers in extended part of Chota Nagpur Plateau, India
Authors: Bera Biswajit , Shit Pravat Kumar , Sengupta Nairita , Saha Soumik , Bhattacharjee Sumana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractScarcity of groundwater is a severe problem in this region due to over exploitation of groundwater from unconfined hard rock aquifers. The main objectives of this study are to analyse the spatiotemporal variability and fluctuation of groundwater table and to predict the location of groundwater depression pockets. Total 21 consecutive years (1996–2017) groundwater monitoring well data (pre- and post-monsoon) have been collected from CGWB, Government of India. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall trend analysis and standardized precipitation index (SPI) have been applied to detect the trend of groundwater level and rainfall variability, respectively. Exponential smoothing has also been fitted for future prediction. The pre- and post-monsoon results (1996–2017) showed that around 77% (22 stations) and 78% (23) monitoring stations were indicating declining trend of groundwater table at the rate of −0.006 to −0.205 m/year and −0.005 to −0.192 m/year, respectively. Similarly, future (2040) groundwater depression result predicted that around 75% (21) stations, the groundwater table will be depleted above 5 m during pre-monsoon while about 53% (16 stations) monitoring wells, the groundwater table will be fallen above 5 m during post-monsoon. Consequently, around 52% (15) and 50% (14) stations are being faced groundwater drought in the recurrent interval of above 2 years during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, respectively. Driving factors of water table depletion are huge withdrawal of groundwater for dry farming and reduction of recharge areas due to rapid land use modification. The uniqueness of this study exhibits the nature of declining trend of groundwater table and identification of depression pockets.
The influence of coating super-hydrophobic carbon nanomaterials on the performance of membrane distillation
Authors: Aljumaily Mustafa M. , Alayan Haiyam M. , Mohammed Ahmed A. , Alsaadi Mohammed A. , Alsalhy Qusay F. , Figoli Alberto , Criscuoli Alessandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMembrane distillation (MD), as a hybrid desalination technology with super-hydrophobic characteristics, has been emerging in the recent year. In this contest, the outstanding features of carbon-based nanomaterials have promising potential to contribute to the MD process evolution. This work presented an endeavor to impart the super-hydrophobic features of powder activated carbon (PAC) into poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) membranes for DCMD applications. The FTIR indicates that the CNM was successfully coated onto the PVDF-HFP membrane which leading to higher contact angle values (from 83° to 124°, porosity (45% 86.9%) and water distillate flux at each increment in the PAC loading weigh. The novel coated membranes with 30 mg CNM led to an enhancement of the permeate flux (higher fluxes were obtained at higher CNMs loading) presented fluxes around 77 L/m2.h and exhibited a high salt rejection (> 99.9%) in most cases.
Spatial modeling of groundwater depth fluctuations using co-active neuro-fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) and geographic information system (GIS)
Authors: Gholami Vahid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGroundwater drawdown and reduction of groundwater resources are serious problems in the water supply. Unfortunately, sufficient and accurate data on the groundwater depth fluctuations values are not available in all plains of the world. In the present study, a co-active neuro-fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) network and geographic information system (GIS) were used to simulate the annual groundwater drawdown values on the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea (Iran). For this purpose, the annual drawdown values in 250 piezometric wells as the output variable were evaluated. Further, the effective factors in groundwater depth fluctuations were evaluated as inputs of the CANFIS network, including water table depth, annual precipitation, annual evaporation, the transmissivity of aquifer formations, topography, distance from the sea, distance from water sources, population density, and withdrawal values in the influence radius of the study wells. The modeling process was performed in three stages: training, cross-validation, and test. According to the results, the CANFIS network has a high performance in modeling groundwater drawdown ​​(training R-sqr = 0.97; test R-sqr = 0.82). Then, the inputs of the tested network were prepared in the GIS in raster format for the study plain. The tested network was used to simulate the annual fluctuations of groundwater depth ​​in the plain and the simulation results were presented in the GIS as an annual groundwater drawdown map. Overlap and comparison of the observed values ​​of groundwater drawdown and the simulated values ​​in the map indicate the high performance of the CANFIS network (R-sqr = 0.81). Therefore, the used methodology can be applied to simulate the annual drawdown of groundwater depth in plains without groundwater depth data.
Recent advances on the synthesis of natural pyrrolizidine alkaloids: alexine, and its stereoisomers
Authors: Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi , Jamasbi Negar , Mohajer Fatemeh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNatural products have attracted the interest of the scientific community due to their importance and application. Alexine is a naturally polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine alkaloid that is broadly found in plant sources and isolated from Alexa leiopetala. The biological properties such as glycosidase inhibitors, anti-virus, and anti-HIV activities, makes it interesting target for synthetical studies. This review reports different approaches and methodologies to the synthesis of alexine, and its stereoisomers as the target compounds in numerous studies.
Graphical Abstract
Impact of Japan's local community power on green tourism
Authors: Jin Chenghua , Takao Misuzu , Yabuta Masahiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of local community power on green tourism (after this, abbreviated as GT). The analytical features were as follows; First, we derived the concept of local community power from "agricultural village activity," "local activity", and "regional support," to describe the degree of cooperation and collaboration among people who use local resources related to agriculture. Second, a theoretical model for the impact of local community power on GT was developed and analyzed. Third, a covariance structure analysis was conducted on the relationships between local community power and GT using data from the 2015 agricultural census. Results of the analysis revealed that local community power has a positive impact on green tourism.