bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where the material and the symbolic intertwine: Making sense of the Amazon in the Anthropocene
Authors: Pereira Joana Castro , Gebara Maria Fernanda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractForests, and ways of relating to forests, are critical to the planet, yet largely neglected in IR. In this article, we engage with the debate on the Anthropocene and explore different forms of relationality to forests and Amazonian indigenous symbolism. Drawing mainly on political sociology, political ecology, and anthropology, we approach the Amazon basin as a site where nature, culture, resource extraction, and spirituality are enmeshed, and discuss material and symbolic meanings of the forest. The article starts by briefly reviewing discourses around the Anthropocene. It then looks at Amazonian countries with a specific focus on the classist foundations of socioecological exploitation that underpin anthropocentric attitudes and practices, and analyses the material way of perceiving the Amazon. It proceeds by addressing the diverse symbolism present in indigenous traditional knowledge; symbolism that may help in moving politics and society beyond the dominant attitudes that initiated the Anthropocene. Finally, the article offers possibilities for perceiving the forest differently and intertwining the Amazon's material and symbolic worlds.
Text reading in English as a second language: Evidence from the Multilingual Eye-Movements Corpus
Authors: Kuperman Victor , Siegelman Noam , Schroeder Sascha , Acartürk Cengiz , Alexeeva Svetlana , Amenta Simona , Bertram Raymond , Bonandrini Rolando , Brysbaert Marc , Chernova Daria , Da Fonseca Sara Maria , Dirix Nicolas , Duyck Wouter , Fella Argyro , Frost Ram , Gattei Carolina A. , Kalaitzi Areti , Lõo Kaidi , Marelli Marco , Nisbet Kelly , Papadopoulos Timothy C. , Protopapas Athanassios , Savo Satu , Shalom Diego E. , Slioussar Natalia , Stein Roni , Sui Longjiao , Taboh Analí , Tønnesen Veronica , Usal Kerem Alp 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch into second language (L2) reading is an exponentially growing field. Yet, it still has a relatively short supply of comparable, ecologically valid data from readers representing a variety of first languages (L1). This article addresses this need by presenting a new data resource called MECO L2 (Multilingual Eye Movements Corpus), a rich behavioral eye-tracking record of text reading in English as an L2 among 543 university student speakers of 12 different L1s. MECO L2 includes a test battery of component skills of reading and allows for a comparison of the participants’ reading performance in their L1 and L2. This data resource enables innovative large-scale cross-sample analyses of predictors of L2 reading fluency and comprehension. We first introduce the design and structure of the MECO L2 resource, along with reliability estimates and basic descriptive analyses. Then, we illustrate the utility of MECO L2 by quantifying contributions of four sources to variability in L2 reading proficiency proposed in prior literature: reading fluency and comprehension in L1, proficiency in L2 component skills of reading, extralinguistic factors, and the L1 of the readers. Major findings included (a) a fundamental contrast between the determinants of L2 reading fluency versus comprehension accuracy, and (b) high within-participant consistency in the real-time strategy of reading in L1 and L2. We conclude by reviewing the implications of these findings to theories of L2 acquisition and outline further directions in which the new data resource may support L2 reading research.
Individual differences in the development of youth externalizing problems predict a broad range of adult psychosocial outcomes
Authors: Gornik Allison E. , Clark D. Angus , Durbin C. Emily , Zucker Robert A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examined how youth aggressive and delinquent externalizing problem behaviors across childhood and adolescence are connected to consequential psychosocial life outcomes in adulthood. Using data from a longitudinal, high-risk sample (N= 1069) that assessed children and their parents regularly from early childhood (ages 3–5) through adulthood, multilevel growth factors of externalizing behaviors were used to predict adult outcomes (age 24–31), providing a sense of how externalizing problems across development were related to these outcomes via maternal, paternal, teacher, and child report. Findings indicated strong support for the lasting connections between youth externalizing problems with later educational attainment and legal difficulties, spanning informants and enduring beyond other meaningful contributors (i.e., child sex, cognitive ability, parental income and education, parental mental health and relationship quality). Some support was also found, although less consistently, linking externalizing problems and later alcohol use as well as romantic relationship quality. Delinquent/rule-breaking behaviors were often stronger predictors of later outcomes than aggressive behaviors. Taken together, these results indicate the importance of the role youth externalizing behaviors have in adult psychosocial functioning one to two decades later.
Use of phase-contrast MRI to measure aortic stiffness in young-onset hypertension: a pilot study
Authors: Ozer Gokaslan Cigdem , Gokaslan Serkan , Demirel Emin , Sengul Ayan Sevgi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground:Young-onset hypertension is defined as hypertension diagnosed before the age of 40 years. Aortic pulse wave velocity is an indication of aortic stiffness. MRI assessment has been well verified compared to invasive pressure recordings for evaluating aortic pulse wave velocity. In this study, we aimed to determine whether aortic stiffness played a role in the aetiology of young-onset hypertension by calculating pulse wave velocity using MRI.Methods:We enrolled 20 patients diagnosed with young-onset hypertension and 20 volunteers without hypertension. Aortic pulse wave velocity was measured by cardiac MRI and protocol for the pulse wave velocity measurement involved the use of a 1.5 T scanner to acquire velocity-encoded, phase-contrast transverse aortic cine images. Sagittal oblique images used to measure the distance (ΔX) between the ascending aorta and descending aorta for the calculation of pulse wave velocity. The aortic flow versus time curves of ascending aorta and descending aorta were automatically obtained from the phase-contrast MRI images. Using these curves, the temporal shift (ΔT) was measured by Segment Medviso.Findings:The mean pulse wave velocity was 8.72 (SD 2.34) m/second (range: 7–12.8 m/second) for the patient group and 5.96 (standard deviation 1.86) m/second (range: 4.8–7.1 m/second) for the control group. The pulse wave velocity values were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p < 0.001).Interpretation:Aortic stiffness may play a role in the aetiology of young-onset hypertension and serve as a non-invasive and reliable screening tool when measured by MRI.
Investigating group-based classes (‘weaning workshops’) to support complementary infant feeding in Irish primary care settings: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Flannery Caragh , Shea Caroline , O’Brien Yvonne , O’Halloran Joanne , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Kelly Colette , Toomey Elaine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:This study aims to (1) investigate current practice regarding ‘weaning workshops’ to support complementary infant feeding delivered within Irish primary care, (2) explore the experiences and opinions of community dietitians regarding optimal content and modes of delivery of weaning workshops and (3) identify the key factors to be considered in the development and implementation of weaning workshops delivered within primary care.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:Irish primary care.Participants:Forty-seven community-based dietitians.Results:Sixteen dietitians reported that workshops were run in their area with variable frequency, with ten reporting that workshops were never run in their area. Participants reported that mostly mothers of medium socio-economic status (SES) attended weaning workshops when infants were aged between 4 and 7 months, and that feedback from workshop attendees was predominantly positive. Dietitians identified that key factors to be considered in future development and delivery of weaning workshops are (1) workshop characteristics such as content, timing and venue, (2) organisational characteristics such as availability of resources and multidisciplinary involvement and (3) attendee characteristics such as SES.Conclusions:This study highlights substantial variability regarding provision of weaning workshops in Ireland, and a lack of standardisation regarding the provider, content and frequency of workshops where workshops are being delivered. The study also provides unique insights into the experiences and opinions of primary care community dietitians regarding the development and delivery of weaning workshops in terms of optimal content and delivery options. These perspectives will make a valuable contribution given the dearth of evidence in this area internationally.
BOUNDEDNESS AND COMPACTNESS OF CAUCHY-TYPE INTEGRAL COMMUTATOR ON WEIGHTED MORREY SPACES
Authors: GONG RUMING , VEMPATI MANASA N. , WU QINGYAN , XIE PEIZHU 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper we study boundedness and compactness characterizations of the commutators of Cauchy type integrals on bounded strongly pseudoconvex domains D in
$\mathbb C^{n}$
with boundaries
$bD$
satisfying the minimum regularity condition
$C^{2}$
, based on the recent results of Lanzani–Stein and Duong et al. We point out that in this setting the Cauchy type integral is the sum of the essential part which is a Calderón–Zygmund operator and a remainder which is no longer a Calderón–Zygmund operator. We show that the commutator is bounded on the weighted Morrey space
$L_{v}^{p,\kappa }(bD)$
(
$v\in A_{p}, 1<p<\infty $
) if and only if b is in the BMO space on
$bD$
. Moreover, the commutator is compact on the weighted Morrey space
$L_{v}^{p,\kappa }(bD)$
(
$v\in A_{p}, 1<p<\infty $
) if and only if b is in the VMO space on
$bD$
.
Survival of Xanthoria parietina in simulated space conditions: vitality assessment and spectroscopic analysis
Authors: Lorenz Christian , Bianchi Elisabetta , Benesperi Renato , Loppi Stefano , Papini Alessio , Poggiali Giovanni , Brucato John Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractXanthoria parietina is a widespread foliose lichen growing on barks and rocks showing a broad spectrum of tolerance to air pollutants such as NOX and heavy metals, and resistance to UV-radiation because of the screening properties provided by the secondary metabolite parietin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of this lichen species to survive in the following simulated space conditions, UV-radiation in N2 atmosphere and UV-radiation in vacuum. The efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus was used as an indicator of vitality, and was expressed in terms of chlorophyll a fluorescence (FV/FM) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which were measured within 72 h from the exposure. Additionally, during the irradiation, the IR reflectance spectrum of the lichen was monitored in situ to assess changes in spectral bands. The results showed significant differences in physiological recovery trends between the treatments, highlighting that UV-radiation in vacuum causes stronger effects on FV/FM values. The IR analysis revealed several spectral band changes in the fingerprint region. The most visible variation was the 5200 cm−1 water band that disappeared in the overtone region. Nevertheless, X. parietina was able to survive UV-radiation in N2 atmosphere and in vacuum, and for this reason it may be considered a candidate for further evaluations on its survival capacity in extreme conditions.
Lagrangian formulation to investigate the effect of coupling on resonant microstrip transmission line
Authors: Samanta Susanta Kumar , Pradhan Rajib , Syam Debapriyo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn analytical and a numerical study on coupling in microstrip transmission line (MTL) are reported for different split-gap orientations of a single gap square-shaped split-ring resonator (SRR). Taking both magnetic and electric couplings and adopting Lagrangian formulation for this coupled system, mathematical relations are found for each orientation of SRR to determine the connection between coupling co-efficient and resonant mode frequency. It is shown that coupling results in higher resonance frequency when the SRR, with parallel split-gap, has the gap far from the MTL. But, a lower resonance frequency is obtained when the SRR is placed at shorter distances with parallel split-gap near to the MTL. Again, for perpendicular split-gap orientation of SRR, the resonant frequency is found in terms of an effective coupling co-efficient; at shorter distances it is found to be lower than the fundamental resonance frequency of uncoupled SRR and an opposite effect is obtained at longer distances. Using CST Microwave Studio, the resonance frequency for each split-gap orientation of SRR is also studied as a function of separation between MTL and SRR. It is observed that this phenomenon strongly depends on SRR side-length, substrate height, and separation between MTL and SRR.
Present‐Day Surface Deformation of Sicily Derived From Sentinel‐1 InSAR Time‐Series
Authors: Henriquet Maxime , Peyret Michel , Dominguez Stéphane , Barreca Giovanni , Monaco Carmelo , Mazzotti Stéphane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Quaternary geodynamics of the Central Mediterranean region is controlled by the migration of narrow orogenic belts within the slow Nubia‐Eurasia plate convergence. As testified by the occurrence of major volcanic and seismic events, the Eastern Sicilian Margin is presently one of the most active regions. Using a Permanent‐Scatterer approach, we process Sentinel‐1 satellite images acquired from 2015 to 2020 to provide an island‐wide quantification of surface displacements at a high spatiotemporal resolution. We then convert the calculated mean surface velocities along the ascending and descending satellite line of sight into the ITRF2014 reference frame by using GNSS velocity data derived from regional stations. The resulting pseudo‐3D velocity field mainly highlights a general uplift of about 1.5 ± 0.5 mm/yr of the Nebrodi‐Peloritani range and its differential motion with respect to mainland Sicily along the Cefalù‐Etna seismic zone. Permanent/Persistent‐Scatterer (PS) vertical velocities in the Eastern Hyblean region reveal a long wavelength eastward downbending of the margin, including the inferred epicentral area of the 1693 Noto earthquake. Compared to Quaternary coastal uplift rates, these results confirm the relative low activity of Western Sicily, a potential slow uplift of South‐Central Sicily and a significant discrepancy along the Eastern Hyblean margin were PS‐derived vertical velocities that appear 2–3 mm/yr lower than the Quaternary rates. Over the 2015–2020 timespan, transient processes are also captured, notably on Mount Etna, showing both magmatic pressurization uplift and collapse of the eastern flank, but also all over Sicily where numerous gravitational mass movements and anthropogenic ground subsidence are detected.
Numerical Study of the Interaction Between Wet‐Dry Weathering and Bedload Induced Abrasion
Authors: Sumner Tamaki , Mishra Jagriti , Inoue Takuya , Shimizu Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractErosion and weathering have always been considered as key factors regulating landscape morphodynamics. In this study, we implemented a numerical model that incorporates the effect of abrasion by saltation as well as the effect of slaking by wet‐dry weathering. Our numerical results indicate abrasion and weathering acting together on bedrock beds, that is, abrasion leads to a deep inner channel, and weathering leads to flat benches on the channel margins. We also inquired how changes in the water discharge, alluvial cover, bedrock strength and weathering depth define the abrasion and weathering rates. We found that changes in water discharge can control the weathering rate and depth and thereby the channel shape. Alluvial cover acts as tools or cover to determine the abrasion rates. Our results show that bedrock strength minimally changes the channel cross‐section while weathering depth controls the valley depth. Since weathering and abrasion occur at different heights in the channel cross‐section, there is little opportunity for weathered bedrock to be abraded. However, weathering and abrasion interact indirectly through changes in channel morphology. The internal channel incision lowers the elevation of wet‐dry weathering zone, and the formation of the bedrock bench reduces the bedload transport rate, which drives saltation‐abrasion.
Immediate Impact of Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Pulses on Whistler‐Mode Chorus Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Jin Yuyue , Liu Nigang , Su Zhenpeng , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming , Wang Shui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSolar wind‐magnetosphere coupling is a key link of the space weather chain. There have been increasing reports of solar wind dynamic pressure pulses influencing the whistler‐mode chorus wave growth in the inner magnetosphere, but the response conditions and mechanisms of chorus growth remain under debate. Here we present a statistical study of the immediate impact of solar wind dynamic pressure pulses on inner magnetospheric chorus waves using Van Allen Probes data from 2012 to 2019. A stronger pulse is found to have a greater likelihood to change the chorus amplitude particularly on the dayside. Positive pulses can significantly enhance chorus amplitudes, while negative ones result in a weakening in chorus amplitudes. As supported by direct observations, these pulses alter the linear growth of waves by modifying energetic electron distributions; in contrast, geomagnetic field modeling indicates no significant changes in the geomagnetic field inhomogeneity controlling the nonlinear growth threshold of waves.
CMTr cap-adjacent 2′-O-ribose mRNA methyltransferases are required for reward learning and mRNA localization to synapses
Authors: Haussmann Irmgard U. , Wu Yanying , Nallasivan Mohanakarthik P. , Archer Nathan , Bodi Zsuzsanna , Hebenstreit Daniel , Waddell Scott , Fray Rupert , Soller Matthias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCap-adjacent nucleotides of animal, protist and viral mRNAs can be O-methylated at the 2‘ position of the ribose (cOMe). The functions of cOMe in animals, however, remain largely unknown. Here we show that the two cap methyltransferases (CMTr1 and CMTr2) of Drosophila can methylate the ribose of the first nucleotide in mRNA. Double-mutant flies lack cOMe but are viable. Consistent with prominent neuronal expression, they have a reward learning defect that can be rescued by conditional expression in mushroom body neurons before training. Among CMTr targets are cell adhesion and signaling molecules. Many are relevant for learning, and are also targets of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). Like FMRP, cOMe is required for localization of untranslated mRNAs to synapses and enhances binding of the cap binding complex in the nucleus. Hence, our study reveals a mechanism to co-transcriptionally prime mRNAs by cOMe for localized protein synthesis at synapses.
Adaptive carbon export response to warming in the Sargasso Sea
Authors: Lomas Michael W. , Bates Nicholas R. , Johnson Rodney J. , Steinberg Deborah K. , Tanioka Tatsuro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOcean ecosystem models predict that warming and increased surface ocean stratification will trigger a series of ecosystem events, reducing the biological export of particulate carbon to the ocean interior. We present a nearly three-decade time series from the open ocean that documents a biological response to ocean warming and nutrient reductions wherein particulate carbon export is maintained, counter to expectations. Carbon export is maintained through a combination of phytoplankton community change to favor cyanobacteria with high cellular carbon-to-phosphorus ratios and enhanced shallow phosphorus recycling leading to increased nutrient use efficiency. These results suggest that surface ocean ecosystems may be more responsive and adapt more rapidly to changes in the hydrographic system than is currently envisioned in earth ecosystem models, with positive consequences for ocean carbon uptake.
Arabidopsis RBV is a conserved WD40 repeat protein that promotes microRNA biogenesis and ARGONAUTE1 loading
Authors: Liang Chao , Cai Qiang , Wang Fei , Li Shaofang , You Chenjiang , Xu Chi , Gao Lei , Cao Dechang , Lan Ting , Zhang Bailong , Mo Beixin , Chen Xuemei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in gene expression regulation through RNA cleavage or translation repression. Here, we report the identification of an evolutionarily conserved WD40 domain protein as a player in miRNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. A mutation in the REDUCTION IN BLEACHED VEIN AREA (RBV) gene encoding a WD40 domain protein led to the suppression of leaf bleaching caused by an artificial miRNA; the mutation also led to a global reduction in the accumulation of endogenous miRNAs. The nuclear protein RBV promotes the transcription of MIR genes into pri-miRNAs by enhancing the occupancy of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at MIR gene promoters. RBV also promotes the loading of miRNAs into AGO1. In addition, RNA-seq revealed a global splicing defect in the mutant. Thus, this evolutionarily conserved, nuclear WD40 domain protein acts in miRNA biogenesis and RNA splicing.
Carbon defect qubit in two-dimensional WS2
Authors: Li Song , Thiering Gergő , Udvarhelyi Péter , Ivády Viktor , Gali Adam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIdentifying and fabricating defect qubits in two-dimensional semiconductors are of great interest in exploring candidates for quantum information and sensing applications. A milestone has been recently achieved by demonstrating that single defect, a carbon atom substituting sulphur atom in single layer tungsten disulphide, can be engineered on demand at atomic size level precision, which holds a promise for a scalable and addressable unit. It is an immediate quest to reveal its potential as a qubit. To this end, we determine its electronic structure and optical properties from first principles. We identify the fingerprint of the neutral charge state of the defect in the scanning tunnelling spectrum. In the neutral defect, the giant spin-orbit coupling mixes the singlet and triplet excited states with resulting in phosphorescence at the telecom band that can be used to read out the spin state, and coherent driving with microwave excitation is also viable. Our results establish a scalable qubit in a two-dimensional material with spin-photon interface at the telecom wavelength region.