bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical Assessment of Transformer Based Neural Network Architecture in Forecasting Pollution Trends
Authors: Roy Sarbani , Nath Pritthijit , Middya Asif Iqbal 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With rising pollution concerns in recent times, producing refined and accurate predictions as a part of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and 13 (Climate Action) have gained utmost importance. As new computational methods become available, it becomes difficult for an average policymaker to evaluate various techniques comprehensively. One such state-of-the-art architecture is the Transformer neural network which has shown an exceptional rise in various areas such as natural language processing and computer vision. This paper reviews the current literature and performance of such a Transformer based neural network (referred in the paper as PolTrans) in the domain of pollution forecasting. Experiments based on four univariate city pollution datasets (Delhi, Seoul, Skopje and Ulaanbaatar) and two multivariatedatasets (Beijing PM2:5 and Beijing PM10) are performed against other computational methods consisting of widely used statistical, machine learning and deep learning techniques. Experimental findings show that although PolTrans performs comparatively better compared to existing deeplearning methods such as BiDirectional long short-term memory networks (LSTM), LSTM AutoEncoder, etc. for modelling pollution in cities such as Beijing, Delhi and Ulaanbaatar, in the majority of cases, the PolTrans architecture lags behind statistical and machine learning methods such as AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Random Forest Regression, Standard Vector Regression (SVR), etc. by a range of 1.5 - 15 units in terms of Root Mean Square Error.
ProteinSGM: Score-based generative modeling for de novo protein design
Authors: Lee Jin Sub , Kim Philip 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Score-based generative models are a novel class of generative models that have shown state-of-the-art sample quality in image synthesis, surpassing the performance of GANs in multiple tasks. Here we present ProteinSGM, a score-based generative model that produces realistic de novo proteins and can inpaint plausible backbones and functional sites into structures of predefined length. With unconditional generation, we show that score-based generative models can generate native-like protein structures, surpassing the performance of previously reported generative models. We apply conditional generation to de novo protein design by formulating it as an image inpainting problem, allowing precise and modular design of protein structure.
Digital primary and community healthcare: practitioner’s experience in Stockholm during the Covid-19 pandemic and future development
Authors: Solberg-Carlsson Karin , Øvretveit John , Ohrling Mikael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Health care organizations report that that the Covid-19 pandemic accelerated their use of digital technologies. We wanted to better understand how rapid and large scale-up took place without any systematic implementation in public primary and community health care in the Stockholm region, Sweden, as well as future development plans.
Methods: Qualitative data from twelve focus group interviews with clinical managers (n=99) were analysed using a directed content analysis. The seven domains of the Non-adoption, Abandonment, and challenges to the Scale-up, Spread and Sustainability (NASSS) framework was used to understand the implementation process, as described by the clinical managers in the focus groups.
Results: The participants reported that they made their own local decisions to make more use of the existing technology provided by the health system for appointments, video and telephone calls. Most participants took the view that the technology was ready to use, despite some limitations. Most challenges for making more use of the technology that were reported were individual clinician’s and patient preferences, how ready their unit was for making changes to practice and organisation. Some raised concerns about how standardizing some aspects possibly conflicted with the decentralised management model of the organisation. The overall experience was reported to be positive, with an intention to sustain the achievements.
Conclusions: Focus group interviews found that that unit managers were positive about the digital technology system for remote care. For the future, they wanted changes to be made at different levels of the health system to help them to better combine digital and physical care in their unit. Possibilities to use digital technology to integrate primary and hospital health care were identified.
Payments for Medical Innovation in Germany: A hospital claims data analysis of utilization and costs from 2013 to 2019
Authors: Krumm Anja Irene , Irps Sebastian , Jaeger Christian , Kersting Thomas , Berghöfer Anne 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: The ability of healthcare systems to allow rapid and broad access to new medical innovations is an essential factor in patient care. A key factor for integration is the reimbursement. Therefore, reimbursement mechanisms have to be evaluated constantly, e.g. to assess the consequences of delays in reimbursement as due to retrospective calculation approaches like in the German Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) for new examination and treatment methods (NUB). Based on hospital claims data, this study examined the utilization, payment level and pathways for the integration of new medical innovations into the German DRG system for the first time.
Methods: Hospital billing data on invoiced NUB from 2013 to 2019 were linked to the information on the application and assessment process. NUB were classified into three groups (drugs, medical devices, medical procedures) depending on the type of innovation. Key process parameters were evaluated over time by NUB type using a mixed ANOVA. Revenue was calculated based on quantity and payment level. Integration into the DRG system was clustered and quantified.
Results: Compared to medical devices and medical procedures, drugs were significantly more often assessed positive for reimbursement and invoiced by hospitals to the statutory health insurances (p<0.05). The payment level for NUB decreased slightly over time with no significant differences between the types. The total annual revenue for NUB increased from 74.7 to 232.8 mEUR from 2013 to 2017. Analysis of pathways for a lasting integration into the DRG system showed that the majority of NUB stays in the application process and only for a minor number of innovations a standalone reimbursement was established.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the reimbursement of medical innovation by separate payments for NUB gained increasing financial importance in the last years in Germany. Especially new drugs are subject to the NUB process with high success rates as their costs exceed the regular DRG payments. Compared to other European countries the reimbursement process is not directly linked to clinical trials or benefit assessments for all NUB which on the one hand keep the entry threshold low but also impedes nationwide access for all patients.
Impact on Interventional Cardiology Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Public / Private sector : Analysis of Data from a Nationwide Health Insurance Scheme in India
Authors: Duggal Bhanu , Duggal Mona , Chourase Mithlesh , Gedam Praveen , Saunik Sujata , Danaei Goodarz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the priority of different healthcare services. Specifically, the stringent lockdowns to control its spread impacted the provision of most elective non-covid healthcare services across the world, including India. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on interventional cardiology procedures covered by the nationwide health insurance scheme, Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna (PMJAY) in India.
Methods
Data from 28,025 cardiac patients receiving PTCA were screened retrospectively for inclusion into the analysis. We compared outcomes across three 2-months phases of COVID-19 pandemic i.e. “before lockdown” phase (22nd January to 21st March 2020), “lockdown” phase (22nd March 2020 to 20th May 2020), and “after lockdown” was lifted (21st May to 19th July 2020).
Results
A total of 14,928 PTCA cases from 22nd January-19th July 2020 (median age: 58 years, IQR= 51-66; females= 25.1%) were included in the study. Compared with before lockdown, the number of PTCA procedures declined by 62% during the lockdown and remained lower by 29.4% after lockdown was lifted. The decline was greater in public health (77.4%) than private health facilities (47.9%). PTCA procedure claims as a proportion of overall cardiac procedures’ claims increased from 58.1% before lockdown to 71.4% during lockdown, as elective procedures like cardiac catheterizations, balloon valvuloplasty, devices for structural heart disorders and renal artery stenting declined.
Compared with before lockdown, in-hospital mortality for patients receiving PTCA increased by 84% during lockdown (OR: 1.84, 95% confidence interval (1.32-2.55) and remained higher after lockdown was lifted (OR: 1.56 (1.17-2.08))
Conclusion
Decline in PTCA procedures and increase in mortality of patients receiving PTCA procedures highlights importance of maintaining essential non-covid emergency services to prevent delays in life-saving procedures and also provide patient education/helpline to seek timely intervention during a pandemic. It also highlights an important role played by the private sector in providing non-COVID care as the public health care system was overwhelmed by a pandemic.
Soil Health Evaluation of Some d-block Metals in Selected Agricultural Soils in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ofem Kokei Ikpi , Kefas Patrick Katan , Umeugokwe Pascal , John Kingsley , Ambrose‑Igho Gare 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Synergizing soil fertility, soil health and environmental management through the careful use of soil amendments and controlled discharge of wastes to the environment is needed for environmental safety. The study investigated the concentration, fertility and potential health risks of Ti, V, Fe, Mn, and Mo in some agricultural soils, and evaluated the relationship between the metals and some soil properties. Digital elevation models (DEMs) at 30m × 30m spatial resolution of Ishibori, Agoi-Ibami and Mfamosing, Cross River State, Southeast-Nigeria, were obtained. Eight elevation ranges resulted from the DEMs and one soil profile pit was sunk along each of NG1, NG2, CG1, CG2, CG3, and SG1, SG2 and SG3. Thirty-five composite soil samples were collected at predetermined depths of 30 cm and processed for laboratory analysis. Among the five studied metals, the profile means of Mn (660.82 ± 612.89 mg/kg) and Mo (2.61 ± 0.73 mg/kg) exceeded permissible concentrations and would pose threats to the environment. Also, Ti, V, and Fe concentrations exceeded their permissible values in NG1 and NG2, making the soils most prone to toxicity. The metals were irregularly distributed with depth, however, Mn and Fe were either concentrated in the subsurface or values increased continuously with soil depth. Clay and sand contents correlated positively and negatively with all the studied metals, while organic carbon and exchangeable Ca were not correlated at p < 0.05. All the models were within the range of 33 – 67 % for R2. The best performing functions were V and Mo, while bulk density, organic C, total N, Na and K were the most influential variables in PC1.
Lysine 222 in PPAR γ1 functions as the key site of MuRF2-mediated ubiquitination modification
Authors: Fan Yucheng , Xu Fangjing , Wang Rui , He Jun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) plays key roles in the development, physiology, reproduction, and homeostasis of organisms. Its expression and activity are regulated by various posttranslational modifications. We previously reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger protein 2 (MuRF2) inhibits cardiac PPAR γ1 protein level and activity, eventually protects heart from diabetic cardiomyopathy; furthermore, by GST-pulldown assay, we found that MuRF2 modifies PPAR γ1 via poly-ubiquitination and accelerates PPAR γ1 proteasomal degradation. However, the key ubiquitination site on PPAR γ that MuRF2 targets for remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that lysine site 222 is the receptor of MuRF2-mediated PPAR γ1 ubiquitination modification, using prediction of computational models, immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, cycloheximide chasing assay and RT-qPCR. Our findings elucidated the underlying details of MuRF2 prevents heart from diabetic cardiomyopathy through the PPAR γ1 regulatory pathway.
Comparative of Analog Performance of Transcapacitances in Asymmetric Self-Cascode and Graded-Channel SOI nMOSFETs
Authors: Alves Camila , de Souza Michelly 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work presents a comparative study of the transcapacitances of an asymmetric self-cascode (A-SC) and graded-channel (GC) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nMOSFETs with different gate lengths. This analysis were done by means of two-dimensional numerical simulations. Simulated results show the influence of others transcapacitances on the gate-to-gate capacitance for the ASC SOI device and the GC SOI device.
Matrix Protein Tenascin-C Promotes Kidney Fibrosis via STAT3 activation in Response to Tubular Injury
Authors: Hao Chuanming , Xie Qionghong , Zhang Min , Mao Xiaoyi , Xu Mingyue , Liu Shaojun , Shang Da , Xu Yunyu , Chen Ruiying , Guan Yi , Huang Xinzhong , Zent Roy , Pozzi Ambra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the extracellular matrix (ECM) is not only a consequence of fibrosis, but also contributes to the progression of fibrosis, by creating a pro-fibrotic microenvironment. Tenascin-C (TNC) is an ECM glycoprotein that contains multiple functional domains. We showed that following kidney injury, TNC was markedly induced in fibrotic areas in the kidney from both mouse models and humans with kidney diseases. Genetically deletion of TNC in mice significantly attenuated unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced kidney fibrosis. Further studies showed that TNC promoted the proliferation of kidney interstitial cells via STAT3 activation. To identify and characterize TNC expressing cells, we generated a TNC promoter driven CreER2-IRES-eGFP knock-in mouse line and found that the TNC reporter eGFP was markedly induced in cells around injured tubules that had lost epithelial markers, suggesting TNC was induced in response to epithelium injury. Most of the eGFP positive cells were both NG2 and PDGFRβ positive, only half of which were αSMA positive. These cells did not carry markers of progenitor cells or macrophages. In normal kidney, TNC is constitutively expressed by the renal medullary interstitial cells (RMICs) in renal papilla that has been reported to contain stem cells. Cell lineage tracing study revealed that the cells expressing TNC in renal cortex after fibrosis were not originated from these RMICs. In conclusion, this study provides strong evidence that matrix protein TNC contributes to kidney fibrosis. TNC pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic target for interstitial fibrosis and progression of chronic kidney disease.
Effects of cerium oxide on liver tissue in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats undergoing desflurane anesthesia
Authors: Gobut Huseyin , Kucuk Aysegul , Şengel Necmiye , Arslan Mustafa , Ozdemir Cagrı , Mortas Tulay , Kasapbası Esat , Kurtipek Ömer , Kavutcu Mustafa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction

During liver surgery and transplantation, periods of partial or total vascular occlusion are inevitable and result in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Nanomedicine uses the latest technology, which has emerged with interdisciplinary effects such as biomedical sciences, physics, and engineering, to protect and improve human health. Interdisciplinary research has brought along the introduction of antioxidant nanoparticles as potential therapeutics. This study’s goal was to investigate the effects of cerium oxide (CO) administration and desflurane anesthesia on liver tissue in liver IR injury.

Material and Methods

A total of 30 rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (C), ischemia-reperfusion (IR), IR-Desflurane (IRD), cerium oxide-ischemia reperfusion (CO-IR), cerium oxide-ischemia reperfusion-desflurane (CO-IRD). In the IR, IRD, and CO-IRD groups, hepatic ischemia was induced after the porta hepatis was clamped for 120 minutes, followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. Intraperitoneal 0.5 mg/kg cerium oxide was administered to the cerium oxide groups 30 minutes before ischemia. Desflurane 6% was administered to the IRD and CO-IRD groups during IR. All groups were sacrificed under anesthesia. Liver tissue samples were examined under a light microscope by staining with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). Malondialdehydes (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and arylesterase (ARE) enzyme activities were measured in tissue samples.

Results

The IR group had considerably more hydropic degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, and parenchymal neutrophil infiltration than the IRD, CO-IR, and CO-IRD groups. CAT and GST enzyme activity was significantly higher in the CO-IR groups compared with the IR group. MDA levels were found to be significantly lower in the IRD, CO-IR, and CO-IRD groups compared with the IR group.

Conclusion

Intraperitoneal cerium oxide with desflurane reduced oxidative stress and corrected damage in the liver.
Understanding the interaction of micro(nano)plastics with simulated saliva, lysosomal and Gamble’s fluids and their impact on human lung epithelial A549 cells
Authors: SAYGIN HASAN , SOYOCAK Ahu , BAYSAL ASLI , Saridag Ayse Mine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics are considered an emerging threat to human health since they have potential to interact with biological systems and already been found in the human body, e.g., lungs. However, limited data is available for their behavior under biological conditions and impact on human cells, specifically alveolar epithelial cells. In this study, micro(nano)plastics weathered to various simulated biological fluids (saliva, artificial lysosomal fluids, Gamble’s solution) during 2 h to 80 h. Pristine and weathered plastic particles were characterized by their surface chemistry, zeta potentials, and elemental composition. After, various toxicological endpoints (mitochondrial membrane potential, lactate dehydrogenase, protein, and antioxidant levels) were examined through A549 lung carcinoma cells. The surface characteristics of micro(nano)plastics and the toxicological endpoints of A549 were influenced by the simulated biological weathering, specifically at high concentration of micro(nano)plastics and increasing exposure under biological conditions. The results also indicated that toxicological endpoints had strong linked with the chemistry of plastics and included the multiple processes to the response of the plastics, for instance, the cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity were declined with the micro(nano)plastics under saliva weathering, contrarily, their protein and antioxidant activities increased. However, different biological pathways were obtained under artificial lysosomal fluid and Gamble’s solution.
Genotypes and morphologies of bovine papillomavirus in Costa Rica
Authors: Mora Ramsés Alfaro , Vásquez Ruth Castro , Rodríguez Julia , Dolz Gaby 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) infect the basal layer of the epithelium of bovines, where they persist asymptomatically or produce benign fibroepithelial hyperplasia in the skin or mucosa. The present study aimed to describe the genotypes of bovine papillomas at macroscopic and microscopic level. A descriptive study was carried out, using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Ninety-nine papillomas from 63 animals out of 32 farms were collected, as well as information about age, gender, breed, and productive use of the bovines. The location, type and degree of epithelial invasion of the papillomas was recorded. The samples were subjected to molecular and histopathological analysis. The highest number of bovines with papillomas was found in dairy farms (75,0%), in females (95.0%), Holstein breed (45,0%), and animals with ages over 24 months (50,0%). Most of the animals presented from 1 to 15 papillomas (31.6%) and only one type of papilloma (79.4%). Cauliflower-like papillomas were found in 48.5% of the cases, while the atypical papilloma in 11.1% cases. Cauliflower-like papillomas were found mainly in udder (14,4%), head (10,0%) and neck (10,0%) and were associated to five BPV genotypes (BPV1, BPV2, BPV6, BPV7 and BPV10) while BPV2 and BPV6 were found associated with all types of papillomas (cauliflower, flat, pedunculated and atypical). The presence of BPV11 in flat and BPV6 in atypical papillomas is reported for the first time. The morphology and histopathological findings did not allow a differentiation of the BPV genotypes.
Fluid-solid Coupling Analyzing Pressure Regulation Characteristics of a Ball-seat Backpressure Valve in 2-30MPa Operating Conditions
Authors: Yang zhanyu , Huang Jiayi , Gu YuKuan , Jia Chunlong , Liu Qing , Wei Liping 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

High performance backpressure valve is critical for the high-pressure fluid control technology. However, the back pressure easily suffers mechanical failure caused by the strong fluid flushing when the back pressure up to 30 MPa. This work used computational fluid dynamics and solid mechanics analysis method to analyze the basic flow and resistance characteristics of a recently developed backpressure valve. The inlet pressure, maximum flow rate, and maximum turbulent kinetic energy of the 2-30MPa backpressure valve decreases with the increasing the valve opening were analyzed in details. There is pressure suppression phenomenon in the valve chamber when the valve opening is less than 6 mm. The fluid-solid coupling results show that the existing structure of the flow channel and valve core seat can satisfy the pressure regulation requirements within the strength range, and the structure of ball spool seat improve the pressure regulation ability.
A Novel ARMA- GARCH-Sent-EVT-Copula Portfolio Model with Investor Sentiment
Authors: Deng Xue , Geng Fengting , Lu Yuan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Portfolio is primarily focused on its future returns and investment allocations. On the one hand, GARCH-EVT-Copula is increasingly proved to have outstanding advantages in improving the accuracy of predicting returns. On the other hand, researchers pay more attention to investor sentiment described by four indexes, namely, market turnover ratio, advance decline ratio, new highs/lows ratio, and ARMS index. Therefore, considering the two factors mentioned above, we propose an ARMA-GARCH-Sent-EVT-Copula portfolio model with investor sentiment. Firstly, the investor sentiment indicator is constructed by principal component analysis, which is added to the time series model to obtain the ARMA-GARCH-Sent model. Considering the advantages of extremum theory, we present the ARMA-GARCH-Sent-EVT model to describe the daily logarithmic return series of stocks. Secondly, the Copula model is used to construct the multivariate distribution of daily logarithmic stock return series to capture their asymmetric and nonlinear characteristics. Furthermore, in order to highlight the advantages of our model, we make a comparative analysis of three models: the original ARMA-GARCH-Copula model, the ARMA-GARCH-Sent-Copula model and the ARMA-GARCH-Sent-EVT-Copula model. Finally, we use the data of SSEC and SZI for empirical analysis and compare the dynamic portfolio strategies of the three models, respectively. The results show that our model with investor sentiment is superior to the other two models in terms of maximum Sharpe ratio and mean-variance optimization, that is, it has higher returns under the same conditions.