bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of IL‐37 Correlates With Immune Cell Infiltrate and Fibrosis in Pediatric Autoimmune Liver Diseases
Authors: Griessmair Lucas , Pirringer Laura , Mountford Steffeni , Sendelhofert Andrea , Makeschin Marie‐Christine , Koletzko Sibylle , Mayr Doris , Bufler Philip 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTObjectives:The activation of innate immune mechanisms is key for chronic liver injury. Interleukin‐37 (IL‐37) is a profound inhibitor of innate and adaptive immune responses, and its overexpression protects mice from liver inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we characterize the hepatic inflammatory infiltrate and expression of IL‐37 in children with autoimmune liver diseases.Methods:We compared the inflammatory microenvironment of the liver in a retrospective cohort of children with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) by immunohistochemistry. The expression of IL‐37 was quantified in liver parenchyma and portal tracts. Double immunofluorescence was used for detection of IL‐37 in specific cell types and colocalization with Smad3.Results:AIH is characterized by a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate whereas ASC shows high numbers of granulocytes in portal tracts. IL‐37 expression correlates positively with liver inflammation and fibrosis, the number of infiltrating immune cells and serum markers for hepatic inflammation. IL‐37 is mainly expressed in hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and infiltrating immune cells. Double staining revealed IL‐37 positivity in T helper and regulatory T cells (Treg), Kupffer (KC) and hepatic stellate cells (HSC). IL‐37 colocalizes with intranuclear pSmad3L in areas of liver inflammation.Conclusions:Pediatric ASC separates from PSC and AIH by a granulocyte‐rich portal infiltrate. Upregulation of IL‐37 with liver injury, the expression in Treg as well as KC and HSC and the colocalization of IL‐37 with pSmad3L in cholangiocytes and hepatocytes suggest a modulating role to limit hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in pediatric autoimmune liver diseases.
Laparo‐Endoscopic Rendez‐Vous in the Treatment of Cholecysto‐Choledocolithiasis in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Cisarò Fabio , Pane Alessandro , Scottoni Federico , Pizzol Antonio , Romagnoli Renato , Calvo Pier Luigi , Reggio Dario , Gennari Fabrizio 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTObjectives:The incidence of choledocolithiasis is reported to be increasing in children. As for the adult population, several different therapeutic strategies have been described, however it is unclear which of those should be considered the gold standard. There is evidence‐based literature in adults that supports a combined “rendez‐vous” endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography‐laparoscopic cholecystectomy technique. This allows management of the choledocholithiasis during the same anesthetic episode as the cholecystectomy. By contrast, there are just two case reports in children reporting this approach. The aim of this study is to report our experience with this technique in a series of children with choledocholithiasis.Methods:All patients who underwent the “rendez‐vous technique” at our institution between 2009 and 2020 were reviewed and evaluated for outcomes and complications.Results:Eleven children with cholecysto‐choledocholithiasis were evaluated: the procedure was successful in 10 whereas in one patient it was aborted due to technical difficulties. All patients resolved their clinical condition without major complications.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first consistent series of “rendez‐vous technique” in the pediatric population, proving its feasibility and safety.
Tear Trough Filler Techniques Utilizing Hyaluronic Acid: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rao Babar K. , Berger Lauren E. , Reilly Catherine , Alamgir Mahin , Galadari Hassan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Hyaluronic acid soft-tissue augmentation fillers are commonly injected into multiple areas of the face, including the tear trough. Despite well-documented risks, there is no standardized, evidence-based approach to inject filler in this area, be it using a hypodermic needle or a microcannula. The authors, therefore, sought to establish a preference between the two methods to facilitate progression toward standardization and prevention of adverse events.

Methods:
This is a systematic review of articles discussing hyaluronic acid tear trough injection techniques performed in vivo and related outcomes. Searches were conducted across The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase to yield relevant articles published before February of 2020. All selected articles incorporated discrete patient cases and were analyzed by a variety of variables assessing evidence strength, outcomes, technique, and patient safety.

Results:
After appraisal, 42 articles met eligibility criteria: 20 using needles, 12 using cannulas, and 10 focusing on adverse events. Level III was the most commonly awarded evidence grade, corresponding to retrospective, nonexperimental descriptive studies. There were no statistically significant differences in reported aesthetic results, patient satisfaction, or incidence of adverse events across the needle-based and cannula-based articles. Some technique trends, such as targeted anatomical plane and needle position, emerged in subsequent articles.

Conclusion:
Given that there were no statistically significant differences in patient safety or outcomes, an evidence-based preference for needle or cannula injection into the tear trough cannot be made at this time. Current inconsistencies make tear trough injection procedures difficult to replicate, making standardization based on avoidance of adverse events not feasible.
Results of a Phase II Study on the Use of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (FOLFIRINOX or GEM/nab-PTX) for Borderline-resectable Pancreatic Cancer (NUPAT-01)
Authors: Yamaguchi Junpei , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Fujii Tsutomu , Yamada Suguru , Takami Hideki , Kawashima Hiroki , Ohno Eizaburo , Ishikawa Takuya , Maeda Osamu , Ogawa Hiroshi , Kodera Yasuhiro , Nagino Masato , Ebata Tomoki 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
Given the frequent adverse events with multidrug chemotherapy, not only the survival benefit but also the feasibility of using neoadjuvant chemotherapy to treat pancreatic cancer need to be clarified.

Summary of Background Data:
Although the development of multidrug chemotherapy regimens has improved the survival outcomes of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, the benefits of these treatments in the neo-adjuvant setting remain controversial.

Methods:
Patients with borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy with either FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel (GEM/nab-PTX). After the completion of chemotherapy, patients underwent surgical resection when feasible. This study (NUPAT-01) was a randomized phase II trial, and the primary endpoint was the R0 resection rate.

Results:
Fifty-one patients were enrolled in this study [FOLFIRINOX (n = 26) and GEM/nab-PTX (n = 25)]. A total of 84.3% (n = 43/51) of the patients eventually underwent surgery, and R0 resection was achieved in 67.4% (n = 33/ 51) of the patients. Adverse events (grade >3) due to neoadjuvant treatment were observed in 45.1% of the patients (n = 23/51), and major surgical complications occurred in 30.0% (n = 13/43), with no mortality noted. The intention-to-treat analysis showed that the 3-year overall survival rate was 54.7%, with a median survival time of 39.4 months, and a significant difference in overall survival was not observed between the FOLFIRINOX and GEM/nab-PTX groups.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX or GEM/nab-PTX is feasible and well tolerated, achieving an R0 resection rate of 67.4%. The survival of patients was even found to be favorable in the intention-to-treat analysis.
Combined Partial Toupet Fundoplication With Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy for Patients With Morbid Obesity and Symptomatic GERD: Preliminary Results of the T-sleeve Technique
Authors: Türkçapar Ahmet G. , Şen Ozan 
Published: March 2022

Aim:
The aim of this study to reveal preliminary results of our Toupet-sleeve technique in morbid obese patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and compare their outcomes with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) patients’ outcomes.

Methods:
The study included 103 patients who underwent primary LSG between March 2018 and October 2020 and 18 patients who underwent partial T-sleeve. Patients were stratified into 2 groups according to the surgical technique. All of the patients had preoperative symptomatic GERD. Patients were reevaluated with regard to GERD symptoms and weight loss in the postoperative period. Two groups’ data were compared.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 39.2±10.2 years (63% female), and the mean body mass index was 43.2±6.4 kg/m2. The median operative time was 93 minutes (75 to 110 min) in group A (primary LSG) and 110 minutes (90 to 120 min) in group B (partial T-sleeve). The mean body mass index decreased to 28±4.5 kg/m2 in group A and 25.8±3.5 kg/m2 in group B at 12 months after the surgery. At the 12th month, the patients were reevaluated for GERD symptoms. Reflux symptoms were found to be resolved in 62% of the patients (n=64) in group A, while 32% of the patients (n=39) had persistent GERD symptoms. In group B, all of the patients had discontinued proton pump inhibitors postoperatively, and GERD symptoms were completely resolved in 94% of these patients (n=17).

Conclusions:
The present study showed that T-sleeve provides a very good weight loss and reflux control in patients with symptomatic GERD with morbid obesity in the short-term period. This technique can be proposed in some cases as a primary treatment modality. High numbers of patients and longer follow-up are needed.
Sagittula salina sp. nov., isolated from marine waste
Authors: Satari Leila , Molina-Menor Esther , Vidal-Verdú Àngela , Pascual Javier , Peretó Juli , Porcar Manuel 
Published: March 2022

A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, halophilic bacterium designated strain M10.9XT was isolated from the inner sediment of an aluminium can collected from the Mediterranean Sea (València, Spain). Cells of strain M10.9XT were rod-shaped and occasionally formed aggregates. The strain was oxidase-negative and catalase-positive, and showed a slightly psychrophilic, neutrophilic and slightly halophilic metabolism. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain M10.9XT was closely related to

Sagittula stellata

E-37T and

Sagittula marina

F028-2T. The genomic G+C content of strain M10.9XT was 65.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were 76.6 and 20.9 %, respectively, confirming its adscription to a new species within the genus

Sagittula

. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1
ω7c/C18 : 1
ω6c and C16 : 0. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. According to the resuts of a polyphasic study, strain M10.9XT represents a novel species of the genus

Sagittula

for which the name Sagittula salina sp. nov. (type strain M10.9XT=DSM 112301T=CECT 30307T) is proposed.
Low hybridization temperatures improve target capture success of invertebrate loci
Authors: Forthman Michael , Gordon Eric R. L. , Kimball Rebecca T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTarget capture approaches are widely used in phylogenomic studies, yet only four experimental comparisons of a critical parameter, hybridization temperature, have been published. These studies provide conflicting conclusions regarding the benefits of lower temperatures during target capture, and none include invertebrates where bait-target divergences may be higher than seen in vertebrate capture studies. Most capture studies use a fixed hybridization temperature of 65°C to maximize the proportion of on-target data, but many invertebrate capture studies report low locus recovery. Lower hybridization temperatures, which might improve locus recovery, are not commonly employed in invertebrate capture studies. We used leaf-footed bugs and relatives (Hemiptera: Coreoidea) to investigate the effect of hybridization temperature on capture success of ultraconserved elements (UCE) targeted by previously published baits derived from divergent hemipteran genomes and other loci targeted by newly designed baits derived from less divergent coreoid transcriptomes. We found touchdown capture approaches with lower hybridization temperatures generally resulted in lower proportions of on-target reads and lower read depth but were associated with more contigs and improved recovery of UCE loci. Low temperatures were also associated with increased numbers of putative paralogs of UCE loci. Hybridization temperatures did not generally affect recovery of newly targeted loci, which we attributed to their lower bait-target divergences (compared to higher divergences between UCE baits and targets) and greater bait tiling density. Thus, optimizingin vitrotarget capture conditions to accommodate low hybridization temperatures can provide a cost-effective, widely applicable solution to improve recovery of protein-coding loci in invertebrates.
Epidemiology of Respiratory Viruses in Acute Respiratory Illnesses in Malaysia: Patterns, Seasonality and Age Distribution
Authors: Low Yoke Lee , Wong Shin Yee , Lee Hor Eric Kim , Muhammed Mohd. Hareeff 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesAcute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) are one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, there is limited surveillance data on the epidemiological burden of respiratory pathogens in tropical countries like Malaysia. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of respiratory pathogens causing ARIs among children aged <18 years old in Malaysia and their epidemiological characteristics.MethodsNasopharyngeal swab specimens received at 12 laboratories located in different states of Malaysia from 2015-2019 were studied. Detection of 18 respiratory pathogens were performed using multiplex PCR.ResultsData from a total of 23,306 paediatric patients who presented with ARI over a five-year period was studied. Of these, 18538 (79.5%) were tested positive. The most prevalent respiratory pathogens detected in this study were enterovirus/ rhinovirus (6837/ 23000; 29.7%), influenza virus (5176/ 23000; 22.5%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (3652/ 23000; 15.9%). Throughout the study period, RSV demonstrated the most pronounce seasonality; peak infection occurred during July to September. Whereas the influenza virus was detected year-round in Malaysia. No seasonal variation was noted in other respiratory pathogens. The risk of RSV hospitalisation was found to be significantly higher in children aged less than two years old, whereas hospitalisation rates for the influenza virus peaked at children aged between 3-6 years old.ConclusionsThis study provides insight into the epidemiology and the seasonality of the causative pathogens of ARI among the paediatric population in Malaysia. Knowledge of seasonal respiratory pathogens epidemiological dynamics will facilitate the identification of a target window for vaccination.
Dorsolateral striatum, not motor cortex, is a bottleneck for responding to task-relevant stimuli in a learned whisker detection task in mice
Authors: Zareian Behzad , Lam Angelina , Zagha Edward 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA learned sensory-motor behavior engages multiple brain regions, including the neocortex and the basal ganglia. How a target stimulus is selected by these regions remains poorly understood. Here, we performed electrophysiological recordings and pharmacological inactivations of motor cortex and dorsolateral striatum to determine the representations within and functions of each region during performance in a selective whisker detection task in male and female mice. From the recording experiments, peak pre-response activity and significant choice probability emerged in the motor cortex before the dorsolateral striatum, suggesting a sensory-to-motor transformation in which the striatum is downstream of motor cortex. We performed pharmacological inactivation studies to determine the necessity of these brain regions for this task. We found that suppressing the dorsolateral striatum, but not motor cortex, severely disrupts responding to task-relevant stimuli, without disrupting the ability to respond. Together these data support the dorsolateral striatum, and not motor cortex, as an essential node in the sensory-to- motor transformation of this whisker detection task.Significance StatementWe learn to do various sensory-motor behavior in our daily life, such as clicking on a journal article that looks interesting, among other articles. There are parts of our brain that are active when we do these learned behaviors, such as motor cortex and basal ganglia. But what is the order of activation of these regions? Which of them is necessary for responding to task-relevant sensory information? To answer these questions, we trained mice in a whisker-based target selection task and used recording of neural activity and inactivation of subregions within motor cortex and basal ganglia in expert mice. Our findings show dorsolateral striatum, a region within basal ganglia, is a bottleneck for performing task-related sensory-to-motor transformation.
Listeria monocytogenes gene essentiality under laboratory conditions and during macrophage infection
Authors: Fischer Martin , Engelgeh Tim , Rothe Patricia , Fuchs Stephan , Thürmer Andrea , Halbedel Sven 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes occurs widespread in the environment and infects humans when ingested along with contaminated food. Such infections are particularly dangerous for risk group patients, for whom they represent a life-threatening disease. To invent novel strategies to control contamination and disease, it is important to identify those cellular processes that maintain pathogen growth in- and outside the host. We here have applied transposon insertion sequencing (Tn-Seq) to L. monocytogenes for the identification of such processes on a genome-wide scale. Our approach classified 394 open reading frames as essential for growth under standard laboratory conditions and identified 42 further genes, which become additionally essential during intracellular growth in macrophages. Most essential genes encode components of the translation machinery, act in chromosome-related processes, cell division and biosynthesis of the cellular envelope. Several cofactor biosynthesis pathways and 29 genes with unknown functions were also essential, opening novel options for the development of anti- listerial drugs. Among the genes specifically required during intracellular growth were known virulence factors, genes compensating intracellular auxotrophies and several cell division genes. Our experiments also highlight the importance of PASTA kinase signalling, glycine metabolism and chromosome segregation for efficient intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes.
Optical control of CRISPR-Cas editing with cyclically caged guide RNAs
Authors: Sun Ying-Jie , Liu Ji , Li Jun-Jin , Zhang Yu , Chen Wen-Da , Cai Wei-Qi , Liu Li , Tang Xin-Jing , Hou Jian , Wang Ming , Cheng Liang 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe CRISPR/Cas system has been proved as one of the most powerful tools for precise gene editing. However, the approaches for precise control over the genome editing and regulatory events are still desirable. Here, we reported a spatiotemporal and efficient CRISPR/Cas9 and Cpf1-mediated editing with photo-sensitive circular gRNAs. This approach relies on only two or three pre-installed photolabile substituents followed by a simple covalent cyclization, which provides a robust synthesize approach in comparison to heavily modified gRNAs. In established cells stably expressing Cas9, the circular gRNA in coordination with light irradiation could direct a precise cleavage of GFP and VEGFA within a pre-defined cutting region. We have also achieved light-mediated MSTN gene editing in embryos, whereas a new bow-knot-type gRNA showed no background editing in the absence of light irradiation. Together, our work provides a significantly improved method to precisely manipulate where and when genes are edited.
An amphipathic helix in Brl1 is required for membrane fusion during nuclear pore complex biogenesis in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Kralt Annemarie , Wojtynek Matthias , Fischer Jonas S. , Agote-Aran Arantxa , Mancini Roberta , Dultz Elisa , Noor Elad , Uliana Federico , Tatarek-Nossol Marianna , Antonin Wolfram , Onischenko Evgeny , Medalia Ohad , Weis Karsten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the central portal for macromolecular exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm. In all eukaryotes, NPCs assemble into an intact nuclear envelope (NE) during interphase, but the process of NPC biogenesis remains poorly characterized. Furthermore, little is known about how NPC assembly leads to the fusion of the outer and inner NE, and no factors have been identified that could trigger this event. Here we characterize the transmembrane protein Brl1 as an NPC assembly factor required for NE fusion in budding yeast. Brl1 preferentially associates with NPC assembly intermediates and its depletion halts NPC biogenesis, leading to NE herniations that contain inner and outer ring nucleoporins but lack the cytoplasmic export platform. Furthermore, we identify an essential amphipathic helix in the luminal domain of Brl1 that mediates interactions with lipid bilayers. Mutations in this amphipathic helix lead to NPC assembly defects, and cryo-ET analyses reveal multi-layered herniations of the inner nuclear membrane with NPC-like structures at the neck, indicating a failure in NE fusion. Taken together, our results identify a role for Brl1 in NPC assembly and suggest a function of its amphipathic helix in mediating the fusion of the inner and outer nuclear membranes.