bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualized positive end‐expiratory pressure with and without recruitment maneuvers in obese patients during bariatric surgery
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Yao , Ye Shan‐Shan , Fan Yu , Shi Cheng‐Ye , Wu Hai‐Fu , Miao Chang‐Hong , Zhou Di 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether regular recruitment maneuvers (RMs) are essential for obese patients (OPs) undergoing elective laparoscopic bariatric surgery (LBS) during intraoperative ventilation with individualized positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP). Patients were randomly assigned to two arms: the RM + PEEP−EIT arm consisted of individualized PEEP titrated by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with two regular RMs and the PEEP−EIT arm consisted of individualized PEEP titrated by EIT without additional RMs. For these two arms together, EIT‐guided PEEP varied among individuals. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio in the RM + PEEP−EIT arm was higher than that in the PEEP−EIT arm at 1 h after pneumoperitoneum (p = 0.024) and at the end of surgery (p = 0.035). There was no great difference in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio between these two arms when measured 5 min prior to postanesthesia care unit (PACU) departure and on postoperative day 1. Compared with the PEEP−EIT arm, patients in the RM + PEEP−EIT arm had significantly higher intraoperative dynamic respiratory system compliance (p < 0.001) but consumed more vasopressors (p = 0.036). Postoperative pulmonary complications occurred in 1 of 29 patients in the RM + PEEP−EIT arm compared with 2 of 31 patients in the PEEP−EIT arm. Regular lung RMs can improve intraoperative oxygenation and respiratory system compliance among OPs undergoing LBS with EIT‐guided individual PEEP. However, the improvement might disappear before leaving the PACU, and regular RMs resulted in more vasopressor consumption.
China's oases have expanded by nearly 40% over the past 20 years
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Yujing , Xin Liangjie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOases are supporters of biological, social, and economic activities in arid regions, which guides their prosperity or decay. Given that China has the largest oases area in the world, determining their evolution is of substantial importance for sustainable development and the ecological protection of these systems. Accordingly, the spatiotemporal evolution of China's oases between 2000 and 2020 was analyzed. This was based on the normalized difference vegetation index derived from moderate imaging spectroradiometer data, combined with superpixel image segmentation, the region adjacency graph merging method, and the genetic algorithm. The results were as follows. Between 2000 and 2020: (1) the oases in China expanded significantly from 207,812 to 289,751 km2; with a total increase of 39.43%; and the number of oases decreased from 135 to 93, which mainly occurred in micro and small oases; (2) the areas of oases in stable, expanding, and shrinking states accounted for 96.77%, 42.65%, and respectively 3.23% of the total oasis area in 2000. Oases have become more concentrated and continuously expanded; (3) the increase in glacial meltwater and precipitation caused by rising temperatures increased the availability of water resources in oases, which provides the substantial basis for expansion; and (4) the primary anthropogenic drivers of oasis expansion and stabilization regions were cultivation and construction, respectively.
On‐Chip Polarization‐ and Frequency‐Division Demultiplexing for Multidimensional Terahertz Communication
Authors: Deng Wentao , Chen Liao , Zhang Hongqi , Wang Shiwei , Lu Zijie , Liu Siqi , Yang Zuoming , Wang Ziwei , Yuan Shixing , Wang Yilun , Wang Ruolan , Yu Yu , Wu Xiaojun , Yu Xianbin , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntegrated terahertz (THz) technology is of great significance for driving high‐speed communication, sensing, and imaging with its advantages of miniaturization, low cost, and high efficiency. Recent research has focused on highly‐efficient transmitters and ultrafast detectors, as well as exploring new devices for coupling, transmission, and polarization control. However, multidimensional on‐chip multiplexing and demultiplexing techniques in the THz region still remains unexplored, due to the lack of multifunctional integrated components and systems. Here, a novel silicon‐based integrated multidimensional THz (de)multiplexer for high‐capacity communication is proposed and demonstrated based on ring resonators and polarization beam splitter‐rotators, which simultaneously enable the manipulation of THz polarization and frequency. Furthermore, a THz communication system operating in the 380 GHz band is experimentally demonstrated. By using on‐chip polarization‐ and frequency‐division multiplexing techniques, an aggregate data rate of 8 Gbit s−1 is successfully achieved with quadrature phase‐shift keying modulation scheme. This work provides a spectrally efficient way for accelerating the development of on‐chip THz technologies and the application in future large‐volume communications.
Designer Peptide‐PVDF Composite Films for High‐Performance Energy Harvesting
Authors: Patranabish Sourav , Dhawan Sameer , Haridas V. , Sinha Aloka 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolymers and peptides have recently been considered as promising materials for piezoelectric energy harvesting because of their biocompatibility and enormous design possibility. However, achieving significant output voltages while meeting environmental safety requirements, low cost, and easy fabrication remains a major challenge. Herein, lipidated pseudopeptide incorporated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite films are fabricated. Adding lipidated pseudopeptide (BLHA) increases the electroactive phase content, reaching the maximum for the 2 wt% composite film. The composite film containing 2 wt% BLHA manifests the highest dielectric constant and remnant polarization (Pr), among others. A piezoelectric energy harvesting device fabricated with this film generates open‐circuit output voltages up to 23 V, five times amplified output compared to pure PVDF. To the best of our knowledge, this material is superior among the peptide‐based piezoelectric energy harvesters reported in the literature. The device is flexible, durable, low cost, and sensitive to high and low pressures. It can power up multiple liquid crystal display panels when pressed with a finger. The non‐covalent interaction between BLHA and PVDF is the reason behind the composites’ improved piezoelectric response. Density functional theory calculations also support this notion.
Formation of Ordered Patterns in Electroresponsive Polymer Ionic Liquid Blends
Authors: Choudhury Ashima , Sairam S. , Dayal Pratyush 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDirecting reaction‐diffusion (RD) phenomena, through the use of external stimuli has been one of the widely used approaches for designing multifunctional soft materials. Using modeling and simulation, it is demonstrated that the nonuniform electric field can be harnessed to create intricate ordered patterns in polymer ionic liquid (PIL) blends. The investigation begins with the establishment of the equilibrium phase diagrams of electroresponsive PIL blends and subsequently, use the Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations to model the kinetics of pattern formation. The simulations reveal that in the presence of nonuniform electric field the ionic liquid (IL) rich domains self‐aggregate in high electric field regions. Thus, the ordering of the electric field regions effectively dictates the ordering of the IL‐rich phase in the PIL blends. It is also demonstrated that the mechanism of spatiotemporal pattern formation is quite robust and can be dynamically controlled by varying the distribution of electric field. It is believed that the methodology provides a simplistic mechanism for creating ordered patterns in soft materials through RD phenomena that can be exploited for designing other similar stimuli‐responsive systems.
A VGG attention vision transformer network for benign and malignant classification of breast ultrasound images
Authors: Qu Xiaolei , Lu Hongyan , Tang Wenzhong , Wang Shuai , Zheng Dezhi , Hou Yaxin , Jiang Jue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeBreast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer worldwide. The ultrasound reflectivity imaging technique can be used to obtain breast ultrasound (BUS) images, which can be used to classify benign and malignant tumors. However, the classification is subjective and dependent on the experience and skill of operators and doctors. The automatic classification method can assist doctors and improve the objectivity, but current convolution neural network (CNN) is not good at learning global features and vision transformer (ViT) is not good at extraction local features. In this study, we proposed a visual geometry group attention ViT (VGGA‐ViT) network to overcome their disadvantages.MethodsIn the proposed method, we used a CNN module to extract the local features and employed a ViT module to learn the global relationship among different regions and enhance the relevant local features. The CNN module was named the VGGA module. It was composed of a VGG backbone, a feature extraction fully connected layer, and a squeeze‐and‐excitation block. Both the VGG backbone and the ViT module were pretrained on the ImageNet dataset and retrained using BUS samples in this study. Two BUS datasets were employed for validation.ResultsCross‐validation was conducted on two BUS datasets. For the Dataset A, the proposed VGGA‐ViT network achieved high accuracy (88.711.55%), recall (90.731.57%), specificity (85.583.35%), precision (90.771.98%), F1 score (90.731.24%), and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) (76.343.29%), which were better than those of all compared previous networks in this study. The Dataset B was used as a separate test set, the test results showed that the VGGA‐ViT had highest accuracy (81.722.99%), recall (64.452.96%), specificity (90.283.51%), precision (77.087.21%), F1 score (70.114.25%), and MCC (57.646.88%).ConclusionsIn this study, we proposed the VGGA‐ViT for the BUS classification, which was good at learning both local and global features. The proposed network achieved higher accuracy than the compared previous methods.
Nonlinearly scaled prior image‐controlled frequency split for high‐frequency metal artifact reduction in computed tomography
Authors: Anhaus Julian A. , Killermann Philipp , Sedlmair Martin , Winter Jonas , Mahnken Andreas H. , Hofmann Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThis paper introduces a new approach for the dedicated reduction of high‐frequency metal artifacts, which applies a nonlinear scaling (NLS) transfer function on the high‐frequency projection domain to reduce artifacts, while preserving edge information and anatomic detail by incorporating prior image information.MethodsAn NLS function is applied to suppress high‐frequency streak artifacts, but to restrict the correction to metal projections only, scaling is performed in the sinogram domain. Anatomic information should be preserved and is excluded from scaling by incorporating a prior image from tissue classification. The corrected high‐frequency sinogram is reconstructed and combined with the low‐frequency component of a normalized metal artifact reduction (NMAR) image. Scans of different anthropomorphic phantoms were acquired (unilateral hip, bilateral hip, dental implants, and embolization coil). Multiple regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around the metal implants and hounsfield unit (HU) deviations were analyzed. Clinical data sets including single image slices of dental fillings, a bilateral hip implant, spinal fixation screws, and an aneurysm coil were reconstructed and assessed.ResultsThe prior image‐controlled NLS can remove streak artifacts while preserving anatomic detail within the bone and soft tissue. The qualitative analysis of clinical cases showed a tremendous enhancement within dental fillings and neuro coils, and a significant enhancement within spinal screws or hip implants. The phantom scan measurements support this observation. In all phantom setups, the NLS‐corrected result showed lowest HU derivation and the best visualization of the data.ConclusionsThe prior image‐controlled NLS provides a method to reduce high‐frequency streaks in metal‐corrupted computed tomography (CT) data.
Histological and stable isotope analysis of archeological bones from St. Rombout's cemetery (Mechelen, Belgium): Intrasite, intraindividual, and intrabone variability
Authors: Kontopoulos Ioannis , Van de Vijver Katrien , Robberechts Bart , von Tersch Matthew , Turner‐Walker Gordon , Penkman Kirsty , Collins Matthew J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study compares histological preservation in archeological bones from different burial types to unravel the histotaphonomy‐to‐funerary practices relationship. Αn intraskeletal approach is also adopted to explore intraindividual (inner ear part of the petrous bone vs. upper/lower limb long bones) and intrabone (proximal vs. distal diaphysis) variability in bone collagen preservation, δ13C, and δ15N. The aim is to (a) target bones that likely retain higher amounts of collagen, (b) better understand the inner ear bone collagen isotopic signature and remodeling, and (c) assess intrabone isotopic and histological homogeneity. For the histological analysis, the data have been collected from 61 specimens (20 individuals) from the medieval/postmedieval cemetery of St. Rombout, Belgium. Thin sections have been studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. For the collagen and isotopic data, 101 samples have been collected from 21 individuals. Distinct histological patterns are observed only in bones from single coffin burials; however, bone histology can display intraindividual and intrabone variability, which are important to account for interpretations. Collagen wt.%, δ13C, and δ15N show significant intraindividual differences but insignificant intrabone variability. This study also confirms the extraordinary nature of the petrous bone, as the inner ear bone collagen δ13C and δ15N values reflect the dietary input of the first approximately 2–3 years of life.
Mauritia flexuosa fruit production increases with increasing palm height in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Romulo Chelsie L. , Gilmore Michael P. , Endress Bryan A. , Horn Christa 
Published: July 2022

Societal Impact StatementFruit number, size, and allometric relationships were evaluated in the Peruvian Amazon for Mauritia flexuosa, a socioeconomically important palm with conservation concerns due to destructive harvest. Significant relationships were found between total fruit number and both palm height and fruit volume. Taller palms experience more crown illumination and bear more and larger fruit, which potentially suggests that greater time investment produces larger harvests and gives a justification for preserving existing stands by preventing destructive harvest. Understanding fruiting patterns is critical for developing successful management and conservation plans, though long‐term studies are needed to fully understand M. flexuosa fruiting patterns and responses to climatic change.
Asymmetric Ramsey properties of random graphs involving cliques and cycles
Authors: Liebenau Anita , Mattos Letícia , Mendonça Walner , Skokan Jozef 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe say that if, in every edge coloring , we can find either a 1‐colored copy of or a 2‐colored copy of . The well‐known Kohayakawa‐Kreuter conjecture states that the threshold for the property is equal to , where is given by
for any pair of graphs and with . In this article, we show the 0‐statement of the Kohayakawa–Kreuter conjecture for every pair of cycles and cliques.
Computing the gauge-invariant bubble nucleation rate in finite temperature effective field theory
Authors: Hirvonen Joonas , Löfgren Johan , Ramsey-Musolf Michael J. , Schicho Philipp , Tenkanen Tuomas V. I. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A gauge-invariant framework for computing bubble nucleation rates at finite temperature in the presence of radiative barriers was presented and advocated for model-building and phenomenological studies in an accompanying article [1]. Here, we detail this computation using the Abelian Higgs Model as an illustrative example. Subsequently, we recast this approach in the dimensionally-reduced high-temperature effective field theory for nucleation. This allows for including several higher order thermal resummations and furthermore delineate clearly the approach’s limits of validity. This approach provides for robust perturbative treatments of bubble nucleation during possible first-order cosmic phase transitions, with implications for electroweak baryogenesis and production of a stochastic gravitational wave background. Furthermore, it yields a sound comparison between results of perturbative and non-perturbative computations.
A Drosophila melanogaster model for TMEM43-related arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy type 5
Authors: Klinke Nora , Meyer Heiko , Ratnavadivel Sandra , Reinhardt Marcel , Heinisch Jürgen J. , Malmendal Anders , Milting Hendrik , Paululat Achim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a severe cardiac disease that leads to heart failure or sudden cardiac death (SCD). For the pathogenesis of ARVC, various mutations in at least eight different genes have been identified. A rare form of ARVC is associated with the mutation TMEM43 p.S358L, which is a fully penetrant variant in male carriers. TMEM43 p.S358 is homologous to CG8111 p.S333 in Drosophila melanogaster. We established CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CG8111 knock-out mutants in Drosophila, as well as transgenic fly lines carrying an overexpression construct of the CG8111 p.S333L substitution. Knock-out flies developed normally, whereas the overexpression of CG8111 p.S333L caused growth defects, loss of body weight, cardiac arrhythmias, and premature death. An evaluation of a series of model mutants that replaced S333 by selected amino acids proved that the conserved serine is critical for the physiological function of CG8111. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses revealed that the S333 in CG8111 is essential to proper energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism in the fly. Of note, metabolic impairments were also found in the murine Tmem43 disease model, and fibrofatty replacement is a hallmark of human ARVC5. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular functions of CG8111 in Drosophila, and can represent a valuable basis to assess the aetiology of the human TMEM43 p.S358L variant in more detail.
Designing a Winner–Loser Gap for WTA in Subthreshold. Resolution Performance Revisited
Authors: Marinov Corneliu A. , Costea Ruxandra L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe paper pioneers a thorough mathematical approach for the Lazzaro variant of the W(inner) T(ake) A(ll) maximum rank and amplitude analog selector. Two exact levels of output which split the maximum and determine the resolution, are found for the first time. At the input, a list of currents$$\left( I_{1},I_{2},\ldots ,I_{N}\right) $$I1,I2,…,INfrom a large family$${{\mathcal {L}}}$$Lwith smallest relative distance$$\Delta $$Δon a$$\left[ 0,I_{M}\right] $$0,IMscale is applied. To distinguish the largest current$$I_{w}$$Iw(the winner) from the second largest$$I_{l}$$Il(the loser), the paper proposes two decision levels,$${\overline{D}}$$D¯and$${\underline{D}}$$D̲, for the output voltage list$$\left( U_{1},U_{2},\ldots ,U_{N}\right) $$U1,U2,…,UN. The upper level$${\overline{D}}$$D¯is surpassed only by the$$U_{w}$$Uwwinner and encodes the winning rankw. All other ranks are placed under the lower level$${\underline{D}}$$D̲. Two rigorously treated optimization problems with inequality constraints lead to the identification of two input lists that yield the levels$${\overline{D}}$$D¯and$${\underline{D}}$$D̲as outputs. They are valid for processing any list in the$${\mathcal {L}}$$Lfamily. The index$$\left( {\overline{D}}-{\underline{D}}\right) /U_{M}$$D¯-D̲/UM—“the output resolution”—expresses how large the gap between the first and the second component on the$$\left[ 0,U_{M}\right] $$0,UMscale is. It exceeds “the input resolution,” i.e., the similar index$$\Delta /I_{M}$$Δ/IMat the input and the two depend monotonically on each other. Widely commented numerical examples are presented.
Detection of enterovirus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with the presence of the predisposing allele of the type 1 diabetes risk gene IFIH1 and with disease stage
Authors: Sioofy-Khojine Amir-Babak , Richardson Sarah J. , Locke Jonathan M. , Oikarinen Sami , Nurminen Noora , Laine Antti-Pekka , Downes Kate , Lempainen Johanna , Todd John A. , Veijola Riitta , Ilonen Jorma , Knip Mikael , Morgan Noel G. , Hyöty Heikki , Peakman Mark , Eichmann Martin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Enteroviral infection has been implicated consistently as a key environmental factor correlating with the appearance of autoimmunity and/or the presence of overt type 1 diabetes, in which pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed by an autoimmune response. Genetic predisposition through variation in the type 1 diabetes risk gene IFIH1 (interferon induced with helicase C domain 1), which encodes the viral pattern-recognition receptor melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), supports a potential link between enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes.

Methods
We used molecular techniques to detect enterovirus RNA in peripheral blood samples (in separated cellular compartments or plasma) from two cohorts comprising 79 children or 72 adults that include individuals with and without type 1 diabetes who had multiple autoantibodies. We also used immunohistochemistry to detect the enteroviral protein VP1 in the pancreatic islets of post-mortem donors (n=43) with type 1 diabetes.

Results
We observed enhanced detection sensitivity when sampling the cellular compartment compared with the non-cellular compartment of peripheral blood (OR 21.69; 95% CI 3.64, 229.20; p<0.0001). In addition, we show that children with autoimmunity are more likely to test positive for enterovirus RNA than those without autoimmunity (OR 11.60; 95% CI 1.89, 126.90; p=0.0065). Furthermore, we found that individuals carrying the predisposing allele (946Thr) of the common variant in IFIH1 (rs1990760, Thr946Ala) are more likely to test positive for enterovirus in peripheral blood (OR 3.07; 95% CI 1.02, 8.58; p=0.045). In contrast, using immunohistochemistry, there was no correlation between the common variant in IFIH1 and detection of enteroviral VP1 protein in the pancreatic islets of donors with type 1 diabetes.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our data indicate that, in peripheral blood, antigen-presenting cells are the predominant source of enterovirus infection, and that infection is correlated with disease stage and genetic predisposition, thereby supporting a role for enterovirus infection prior to disease onset.

Graphical abstract