bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological choices in brucellosis burden of disease assessments: A systematic review
Authors: Di Bari Carlotta , Venkateswaran Narmada , Bruce Mieghan , Fastl Christina , Huntington Ben , Patterson Grace T. , Rushton Jonathan , Torgerson Paul , Pigott David M. , Devleesschauwer Brecht 
Published: December 2022

Background
Foodborne and zoonotic diseases such as brucellosis present many challenges to public health and economic welfare. Increasingly, researchers and public health institutes use disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to generate a comprehensive comparison of the population health impact of these conditions. DALYs calculations, however, entail a number of methodological choices and assumptions, with data gaps and uncertainties to accommodate. Thisreview identifies existing brucellosis burden of disease studies and analyzes their methodological choices, assumptions, and uncertainties. It supports the Global Burden of Animal Diseases programme in the development of a systematic methodology to describe the impact of animal diseases on society, including human health.

Methods/Principal findings
A systematic search for brucellosis burden of disease calculations was conducted in pre-selected international and grey literature databases. Using a standardized reporting framework, we evaluated each estimate on a variety of key methodological assumptions necessary to compute a DALY. Fourteen studies satisfied the inclusion criteria (human brucellosis and quantification of DALYs). One study reported estimates at the global level, the rest were national or subnational assessments. Data regarding different methodological choices were extracted, including detailed assessments of the adopted disease models. Most studies retrieved brucellosis epidemiological data from administrative registries. Incidence data were often estimated on the basis of laboratory-confirmed tests. Not all studies included mortality estimates (Years of Life Lost) in their assessments due to lack of data or the assumption that brucellosis is not a fatal disease. Only two studies used a model with variable health states and corresponding disability weights. The rest used a simplified singular health state approach. Wide variation was seen in the duration chosen for brucellosis, ranging from 2 weeks to 4.5 years, irrespective of the whether a chronic state was included.

Conclusion
Available brucellosis burden of disease assessments vary widely in their methodology and assumptions. Further research is needed to better characterize the clinical course of brucellosis and to estimate case-fatality rates. Additionally, reporting of methodological choices should be improved to enhance transparency and comparability of estimates. These steps will increase the value of these estimates for policy makers.
Effects of non-invasive spinal cord stimulation on lower urinary tract, bowel, and sexual functions in individuals with chronic motor-complete spinal cord injury: Protocol for a pilot clinical trial
Authors: Samejima Soshi , Shackleton Claire , McCracken Laura , Malik Raza N. , Miller Tiev , Kavanagh Alex , Ghuman Amandeep , Elliott Stacy , Walter Matthias , Nightingale Tom E. , Berger Michael J. , Lam Tania , Sachdeva Rahul , Krassioukov Andrei V. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Electrical spinal cord neuromodulation has emerged as a leading intervention for restoring autonomic functions, such as blood pressure, lower urinary tract (LUT), bowel, and sexual functions, following spinal cord injury (SCI). While a few preliminary studies have shown the potential effect of non-invasive transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) on autonomic recovery following SCI, the optimal stimulation parameters, as well as real-time and long-term functional benefits of tSCS are understudied. This trial entitled “Non-invasive Neuromodulation to Treat Bladder, Bowel, and Sexual Dysfunction following Spinal Cord Injury” is a pilot trial to examine the feasibility, dosage effect and safety of tSCS on pelvic organ function for future large-scale randomized controlled trials.

Methods and analysis
Forty eligible participants with chronic cervical or upper thoracic motor-complete SCI will undergo stimulation mapping and assessment batteries to determine the real-time effect of tSCS on autonomic functions. Thereafter, participants will be randomly assigned to either moderate or intensive tSCS groups to test the dosage effect of long-term stimulation on autonomic parameters. Participants in each group will receive 60 minutes of tSCS per session either twice (moderate) or five (intensive) times per week, over a period of six weeks.
Outcome measures include: (a) changes in bladder capacity through urodynamic studies during real-time and after long-term tSCS, and (b) resting anorectal pressure determined via anorectal manometry during real-time tSCS. We also measure assessments of sexual function, neurological impairments, and health-related quality of life using validated questionnaires and semi-structured interviews.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval has been obtained (CREB H20-01163). All primary and secondary outcome data will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and disseminated among the broader scientific community and stakeholders.
The association of perceived leadership style and subjective well-being of employees in a tertiary hospital in Germany
Authors: Erschens Rebecca , Seifried-Dübon Tanja , Stuber Felicitas , Rieger Monika A. , Zipfel Stephan , Nikendei Christoph , Genrich Melanie , Angerer Peter , Maatouk Imad , Gündel Harald , Rothermund Eva , Peters Martin , Junne Florian 
Published: December 2022

Background
Professionals in the healthcare sector are a particularly vulnerable group for occupational strain due to high work-related psychological stress. For the implementation of targeted stress-prevention interventions as an important part of a workplace health management programme for all occupational groups and hierarchy levels, information about the current state of their mental health is mandatory. Hence, this study investigated the association of general well-being and different leadership styles among employees in a German tertiary hospital.

Methods
Via an online survey, 10,101 employees were contacted. The final sample consisted of 1137 employees. Of these, 27.7% described themselves as leaders and 72.3% as followers. Most participants were female (74.8%), more than half were under 41 years old. Besides control variables, general well-being (WHO-5) and leadership style (transactional and transformational, laissez-faire and destructive leadership) were assessed.

Results
Leaders reported higher well-being scores than followers. Physicians without leadership responsibilities had the lowest scores for well-being. Practitioners of both transformational and transactional leadership were associated with higher well-being scores, while those practicing laissez-faire and destructive leadership had lower scores for almost every professional group.

Conclusion
Results highlight the necessity for future multimodal health-preventive leadership interventions feature behavioural and organizational intervention modules specifically tailored to hospital professionals at different hierarchical and functional levels to foster the mental health of employees.
Geospatial epidemiology of hospitalized patients with a positive influenza assay: A nationwide study in Iran, 2016–2018
Authors: MohammadEbrahimi Shahab , Kiani Behzad , Rahmatinejad Zahra , Baral Stefan , Hashtarkhani Soheil , Dehghan-Tezerjani Mohammad , Zare Elahe , Arian Mahnaz , Kiani Fatemeh , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi , Dadras Mohammad Nasr , Karamouzian Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Seasonal influenza is a significant public health challenge worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and spatial patterns of severe hospitalized influenza cases confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Iran.

Methods
Data were obtained from Iran’s Ministry of Health and Medical Education and included all hospitalized lab-confirmed influenza cases from January 1, 2016, to December 30, 2018 (n = 9146). The Getis-Ord Gi* and Local Moran’s I statistics were used to explore the hotspot areas and spatial cluster/outlier patterns of influenza. We also built a multivariable logistic regression model to identify covariates associated with patients’ mortality.

Results
Cumulative incidence and mortality rate were estimated at 11.44 and 0.49 (per 100,000), respectively, and case fatality rate was estimated at 4.35%. The patients’ median age was 40 (interquartile range: 22–63), and 55.5% (n = 5073) were female. The hotspot and cluster analyses revealed high-risk areas in northern parts of Iran, especially in cold, humid, and densely populated areas. Moreover, influenza hotspots were more common during the colder months of the year, especially in high-elevated regions. Mortality was significantly associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.02), infection with virus type-A (aOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.27–2.15), male sex (aOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.44–2.18), cardiovascular disease (aOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.33–2.20), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aOR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.40–2.34), malignancy (aOR: 4.77, 95% CI: 2.87–7.62), and grade-II obesity (aOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.09–3.74).

Conclusions
We characterized the spatial and epidemiological heterogeneities of severe hospitalized influenza cases confirmed by PCR in Iran. Detecting influenza hotspot clusters could inform prioritization and geographic specificity of influenza prevention, testing, and mitigation resource management, including vaccination planning in Iran.
Resistencias ambientalistas de mujeres indígenas: El feminismo decolonial latinoamericano y la ecología política feminista
Authors: Soto-Alarcón Jozelin María 
Published: December 2022

ResumenEste ensayo discute la resistencia ambientalista protagonizada por campesinas mayas para defender su territorio del cultivo de soya transgénica en el sureste mexicano. Primero examino el cuidado de la abeja melipona desde el feminismo decolonial latinoamericano. Después investigo la defensa del pueblo maya centrada en la interdependencia entre “comunes” biofísicos, culturales, sociales y de conocimiento, en el marco de la ecología política feminista. Finalmente destaco la potencia de ambos movimientos: el feminismo decolonial y la ecología política, para configurar el cuidado de no humanos, la autoorganización y realizar “comunes” como alternativas ético-políticas orientadas al “buen vivir.”
A scoping review of distributed cognition in acute care clinical decision-making
Authors: Wilson Eric , Daniel Michelle , Rao Aditi , Torre Dario , Durning Steven , Anderson Clare , Goldhaber Nicole H. , Townsend Whitney , Seifert Colleen M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In acute care settings, interactions between providers and tools drive clinical decision-making. Most studies of decision-making focus on individual cognition and fail to capture critical collaborations. Distributed Cognition (DCog) theory provides a framework for examining the dispersal of tasks among agents and artifacts, enhancing the investigation of decision-making and error.

Content
This scoping review maps the evidence collected in empiric studies applying DCog to clinical decision-making in acute care settings and identifies gaps in the existing literature.

Summary and outlook
Thirty-seven articles were included. The majority (n=30) used qualitative methods (observations, interviews, artifact analysis) to examine the work of physicians (n=28), nurses (n=27), residents (n=16), and advanced practice providers (n=12) in intensive care units (n=18), operating rooms (n=7), inpatient units (n=7) and emergency departments (n=5). Information flow (n=30) and task coordination (n=30) were the most frequently investigated elements of DCog. Provider-artifact (n=35) and provider-provider (n=30) interactions were most explored. Electronic (n=18) and paper (n=15) medical records were frequently described artifacts. Seven prominent themes were identified. DCog is an underutilized framework for examining how information is obtained, represented, and transmitted through complex clinical systems. DCog offers mechanisms for exploring how technologies, like EMRs, and workspaces can help or hinder clinical decision-making.
The mechanical properties of lightweight (volcanic pumice) concrete containing fibers with exposure to high temperatures
Authors: Abbu Muthanna , Al-Attar Alyaa. A. , Abd Alrahman Saad , Al-Gburi Majid 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fire is considered one of the main risks leading to building collapse. Lightweight concrete comprises a variety of components, each of which has a distinct behavior under the effect of temperature change. A total of 16 concrete mixtures were investigated in this article. A reference mix of concrete comprising simply ordinary Portland cement and ten mixes having varying percentages of fine and coarse lightweight aggregates (pumice), which were replaced gravel and sand by fine pumice and coarse aggregates pumice by 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%, respectively. In addition, the study focused on the effects of adding fibers to lightweight aggregate concrete mixtures. Polypropylene fibers, carbon fibers, and steel fibers were employed as fiber additions. The binary mixture had higher density than the remaining mixtures containing one substitute. The behavior of six concrete mixes in addition to the reference mix of ordinary concrete after exposure to temperatures 100, 250, 350 and 450°C for 2 h and then cooled in two ways (water and air) as well as examined directly and the results showed that the concrete mixes containing fiber had better behavior compared to other mixtures, especially at high temperature. If left to cool in the air, the lightweight concrete containing volcanic pumice can recover its compression strength after being exposed to high temperatures.
Interpreting the order of operations in a sociophonetic analysis
Authors: Stanley Joseph A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sociophonetic data analysis involves a pipeline of processing steps to convert a raw spreadsheet of acoustic measurements to interpretable results. While most studies report the steps used in their pipeline, very few explicitly report their order in which those steps were applied. This study analyzes a dataset containing vowel formant data from 53 speakers by processing it 5,040 unique ways, each representing a different permutation of seven processing steps. To analyze the effect that an order has on the overall results, pairs of pipelines that differed only by swapping two adjacent steps were compared. The most important steps in the pipeline were when normalization happened, how outliers were detected, and when good data was excluded. This study illustrates what happens when these steps are rearranged relative to each other in order to justify and recommend the following order of operations: classifying allophones, removing outliers, normalizing, and then subsetting.
Diffusion individueller rechtlicher Verantwortlichkeit beim Einsatz Lernender Systeme
Authors: Beck Susanne 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
KI / Lernende Systeme wirken sich in erheblichem Maß auf die strafrechtliche Schuld aus und verändern die grundlegende Konzeption individueller Verantwortlichkeit. Unabhängig von den dogmatischen Details muss das Strafrecht sich auf diese Veränderungen einstellen, d. h. die Vorstellung individueller strafrechtlicher Verantwortung in diesen Lebensbereichen ist zu hinterfragen und neu zu justieren. Das betrifft die Schuld ebenso wie die Zurechenbarkeit, Nachweisfragen ebenso wie das Strafmaß. Auf diese Entwicklungen gibt es nicht die eine richtige Antwort, sondern verschiedene Antworten je nach konkretem Problemkontext. So ist eine Reduktion strafrechtlicher Verantwortung für bestimmte Aspekte nur ein erster Schritt bei der Lösung der Problematik, da dadurch das gesellschaftliche Bedürfnis nach Verantwortungszuschreibung, Absicherung gegen bestimmte gefährliche Technologien bzw. Technologieeinsätze und Schadensausgleich unbeantwortet bleibt. Hier werden in Zukunft weitergehende Lösungen gesucht werden müssen, die die mit KI / Lernenden Systemen einhergehende Verantwortungsdiffusion nachhaltig einhegen. Eine weitere von vielen wichtigen Antworten, die insbesondere für die am Entwicklungsprozess und den konkreten Entscheidungen beteiligten Menschen wichtig ist, ist der Blick auf ihre individuelle Verantwortung. Insofern ist sicherzustellen, dass die Beteiligten nur rechtlich zur Verantwortung gezogen werden sollten, wenn sie bedeutsame Kontrolle über die konkrete Handlung bzw. die kollaborativ getroffene Entscheidung hatten.
How effective are Chinese media in shaping audiences’ attitudes towards China? A survey analysis in Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa
Authors: Madrid-Morales Dani , Wasserman Herman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose
This paper measures how often audiences in Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa consume Chinese media, and investigates whether a positive relationship exists between the consumption of English language Chinese media and attitudes towards China.

Method
We analyze three waves of survey data collected in 2017/2018, 2020 and 2021 (N = 5876) in Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa.

Findings
We show that, while Chinese State-owned news media have a growing but limited following, the minority of media users who report getting news from Chinese media have better attitudes towards China than those who don’t.

Implications
Our findings suggest that Beijing’s external communication activities might have the potential to fulfil Beijing’s goal of improving the country’s image overseas, provided that media reached a wider audience.

Value
The paper overcomes the limitations of previous studies on the reception of Chinese external communication practices in Africa (i.e., small sample sizes, failure to differentiate between increased presence and increased impact, and use of indirect rather direct measures of media use to infer possible effects on public opinion).
“Capitalizing” on Catholic Social Teaching: Seeking Normative Principles for Constructive Social Capital in the Catholic Tradition
Authors: Rugani Marc 
Published: December 2022

For decades, the social sciences have been the predominant locus for research on social capital, but there is an overlooked opportunity for constructive engagement with the Catholic Church’s long social tradition. As a self-identified “expert in humanity” (John Paul II 1987, n41), the Catholic Church has much that commends its philosophers and theologians as interdisciplinary partners reflecting on what constitutes true social capital. Such a normative exercise seeks to distinguish authentic and productive social capital instantiated in trust, norms, and networks among persons for the achievement of common goods, rather than perverse and destructive counterfeits that breed mistrust, corruption, and alienation. This paper argues that the four permanent principles of Catholic social doctrine—the common good, solidarity, subsidiarity, and the dignity of the human person—can establish clear, normative principles that social scientists can use as they investigate the social realities that we as human beings in community constitute and actualize.
Each permanent principle provides particular value for grappling with enduring critiques and questions in social capital research. Responding to criticisms of the rent-seeking nature of associations, the Catholic notion of the common good can be used as a heuristic for evaluating whether or not social organizations contribute to or detract from the achievement of comprehensive outcomes for all members within a group without injury to those outside. The concept of solidarity can further enlighten how to interpret and evaluate agency within associations. Furthermore, notions of tradition and subsidiarity respond to critiques that social capital is neither persistent through time nor alienable. Lastly, the principle of the dignity of the human person, in light of the common good, helps to explain why true social capital will not be destructive to the public good, but always constructive and constitutive of communities and their governing bodies.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance of Giant Intracerebral Tuberculoma: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Boruah Deb , Sarma Kalyan , Gogoi Pallavi , Singh Binoy , Gogoi Bidyut , Hazarika Karuna , Sharma Barun , Phukan Pranjal 
Published: December 2022

Background: Giant intracerebral tuberculomas are rare lesions but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying lesion in an endemic region.Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical data and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of giant intracerebral tuberculomas to improve the diagnostic precision.Material and Methods: The clinical and MRI findings of 22 patients of giant intracerebral tuberculoma were analyzed retrospectively. For the statistical analysis independent sample Student t-test was used.Results: For 22 patients included in this sample the giant intracerebral tuberculoma was of size more than 2.5cm. The majority of the giant tuberculomas (19 patients (86.4%))was located in the supratentorial area.T2-weighted hypointense core of giant tuberculoma was observed in 12 patients (54.5%) and T1 hyperintensities were observed in peripheral (wall) of the giant tuberculoma in 14 patients (63.6%). The mean ADC value of the peripheral (wall) of the giant tuberculoma was 1.034± 0.466[SD] x 10-3mm2/s and the core was 0.994± 0.455[SD] x 10-3mm2/s with a statistically significant difference (p-value <0.0005) in between. MR spectroscopy showed raised lipid peak at 0.9 to 1.33 ppm in 10 patients (45.5%),raised lipid-lactate peak in 12 patients (54.5%),raised Choline/Cr ratio more than 1.2 in 14 patients(63.6%) and Choline/Cr ratio less than 1.2 in 5 patients (22.7%). Associated involvement of lung was observed in the 6patients (27.3%), cervical lymph node in 1 patient (4.5%) and spine in 1patient (4.5%).Conclusions: MRI plays a vital role in distinguishing giant intracerebral tuberculomas from other intracranial space-occupying lesions, thereby allows the early institution of anti-tubercular treatment (ATT), decreased patient morbidity, mortality, and prevents unnecessary neurosurgical excision.
Impacto de los determinantes sociales de la salud sobre la tasa de contagios por COVID-19
Authors: Cabello Rangel Héctor , Díaz-Castro Lina , Ramírez-Rojas Maria Guadalupe 
Published: December 2022

Objetivo Analizar el impacto entre los determinantes sociales en salud en México y la tasa de contagios por COVID-19.
Método Estudio ecológico cuantitativo a nivel nacional y municipal. Las principales variables fueron tasa de contagios por COVID-19, población total no hablante de español, ingreso per cápita, pobreza e índice de desarrollo humano (IDH). La tasa media nacional de contagios fue de 2 880/100 000 habitantes. Se aplicó la prueba T-test y, para determinar la fuerza de asociación entre la tasa de contagios y las variables, se aplicó la prueba de correlación de Pearson.
Resultados Las entidades con menos tasa de población no hablante de español tuvo la menor tasa de contagios por COVID-19. El análisis de correlación mostró que los estados con tasas de contagio por COVID-19 por arriba de la media nacional tienen mejores condiciones de desarrollo.
Discusión En nuestros resultados se revela una correlación negativa entre las tasas contagios por COVID-19 y la variable pertenecer a población indígena. Es necesario analizar desde la perspectiva de las comunidades las necesidades para afrontar escenarios de pandemia.