bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sweet Corn, Granular Insecticide Efficacy Trials, 1985
Authors: Gurecki Thomas , Smilowitz Zane , Rebarchak Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Silver Queen’ was planted May 30 on 30 inch centers with 9 inches between the plants. Plots were 4 rows × 50 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates per treatment. Insecticides were applied on 8 Aug with a Hi-Boy tractor. At harvest (22 Sep), 25 ears were selected from each treatment plot. The number of FAW, CEW and ECB larvae were counted. Ears were evaluated for external feeding damage to silks and sides of ears as well as for evidence of feeding damage to tip and kernels. Ears with no apparent feeding damage to tip and kernels were classed as “clean.” ECB damage was assessed by selecting 10 plants per plot, splitting the stalk and counting ECB cavities. Data for ECB, FAW and CEW larvae transformed × + 0.5 for analysis.
Fall Armyworm Mortality from Treatments to Late Season Sweet Corn, 1985
Authors: Straub Richard W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Bellringer’ was planted 19 Jul in Tioga silt-loam soil at New Paltz, NY. Treatments were arranged in 2-row plots 275 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Foliar spray treatments were applied beginning at mid-whorl stage (29 Aug) with a high clearance sprayer through 3, D2-25 hollow cone nozzles/row (sprayed directly into whorl), dispensing 43 gal/acre @ 100 psi. The whorl treatment was followed by silk sprays on 17, 20, and 26 Sep. Granular insecticides were applied with a ‘Gandy’ applicator mounted on the hydraulic boom of a high clearance sprayer operated at 2.5 mph. Granules were directed through a 4-inch bander to the center of plants in the mid-whorl stage on 29 Aug-all granular applications were followed by Nudrin silk sprays on 17, 20, and 26 Sep. Treatment efficacy was determined 7 days after the last application by randomly selecting 25 plants/replicate, recording the number of infested, and conversion to % mortality. FAW infestations were high, with 62% infested ears in the untreated block.
Control of Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn, 1985
Authors: Whalen J. , Vanderhoef H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 25 Apr near Georgetown, DE. Two-row plots, 20 ft long on 40-inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using 1 nozzle per row delivering 60 gal/acre at 40 psi. Silk sprays were applied on 2, 9, and 16 Jul. At harvest maturity (18 Jul), all ears from each plot were examined for economic damage and live CEW larvae were counted.
Cutworm Control on Lettuce, 1985
Authors: Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse flats (14 inch × 20 inch) were seeded with a dense planting of lettuce seeds on 2 Aug. On 19 Aug, when the plants were ca. 3 inches high, the flats were sprayed using an air gun and a revolving turntable with 100 gal water/icre. Baits were applied by hand. After treatment, 7-inch high cardboard barriers were placed in the flats to minimize larval escape. After drying, twenty-five 2nd and 3rd stage larvae were placed on each of 4 replications. Readings were made on 21 Aug to determine the number of cut and/or damaged plants and the number of remaining larvae. The data indicate that even though there was ca. 80% control or more with most treatments, only sprays of Baythroid and Zectran at .75 lb prevented major damage.
Onion Thrips Control, 1985
Authors: Royer T. A. , Edelson J. V. , Cartwright B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted at the Texas Agricultural Research Annex, Mercedes, Texas. ‘Texas Grano 1025 Y’ onions were direct-seeded 14 Nov ’84 into double-row beds (10-inch rows, 40-inch centers) on an Hidalgo sandy clay loam soil and furrow irrigated as needed. Urea was side-dressed 20 Feb ’85 on all plots at 75 lb/acre. All plots were treated with chlorothalonil at 2.09 lb Al/acre on 20 and 27 Mar, and 4, 12, and 17 Apr for control of purple blotch (Alternaria porri (Ell.) Cif.). Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 5 replications (Test 1) or 4 replications (Test 2). Plots were 30 ft (Test 1) or 40 ft (Test 2) by 2 beds wide and bordered by 1 row of a oats-barley grass mixture for pesticide drift control. Treatments in Test 1 were applied on 4, 12, 17, and 23 Apr ’85 as a foliar spray delivered through a CO2 powered, tractor-mounted spray boom at a rate of 11 gal/acre finished formulation. In Test 2, treatments were delivered as a foliar spray through a-COa powered, 2-row back-pack sprayer at a rate of 10 gal/acre on 18 Apr ’85, or 25 gal/acre on 26 Apr. The basal 8 inch of all leaves were cut from the onion and visually inspected for thrips in the field. Sample size was 3 plants per plot for the first 3 samples in Test 1 and the first 2 samples in Test 2. Sample size was increased to 10 plants per plot for the last 2 samples in Test 1 and 2 as populations began to decline. Sample dates were 3 (pretreatment), 15, 22, 26, and 29 Apr in Test 1 and 15 (pretreatment), 22, 25, and 30 Apr in Test 2. Data were analyzed by week and by pooling samples across the season.
Apple, Insect Control, 1984
Authors: Hall F. R. , Aim S. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test pesticides were applied to 6 single-tree replicates/treatment: 2 McIntosh, 2 Red Delicious, 1 Golden Delicious, and 1 Stayman or Jonathan. Trees are spaced 35 ft by 35 ft. Treatments were completely randomized and applied with a handgun at 450 psi to all plots on 10 and 25 May, 4 and 19 Jun, 2, 16, and 31 Jul, and 14 Aug. All sprays contained Cyprex 65 WP at 0.5 lb/100 gal. Rosy apple aphid (RAA) infestations were evaluated by counting curled clusters per tree. Potato leafhopper (PLH), green apple aphid (GAA), and Japanese beetle (JAP) infestations were evaluated counting infested terminals per tree. Spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM) infestations were evaluated by counting infested leaves per tree.
Apple, Insect Control, 1984
Authors: Hall F. R. , Aim S. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test pesticides were applied to 4 single-tree replicates: 1 Red Delicious, 1 Golden Delicious, 1 Jonathan, and 1 Stayman. Trees are 20 yr old and spaced 40 ft by 40 ft. Treatments were completely randomized and applied with a handgun at 450 psi to all plots on 10 and 29 May, 5 and 20 Jun, 3 and 17 Jul, and 1 and 15 Aug. All sprays contained Cyprex 65WP at ½ lb/100 gal. Green apple aphid (GAA), Japanese beetle (JAP), woolly apple aphid (WAA), and potato leafhopper (PLH) populations were evaluated by counting infested terminals per tree. Rosy apple aphid infestations were evaluated by counting curled clusters per tree. Spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM) infestations were evaluated by counting infested leaves per tree. Major direct fruit insect damage was evaluated by randomly picking a minimum of 2 bushels of fruit per tree on 2-11 Oct and evaluating damage by specific insects.
Residues of Chlorothalonil (Plus Its Metabolite, Hydroxy Chlorothalonil and Hcb, an Impurity in the Parent Compound) in Peppers When Applied for Control of Anthracnose and Alternaria Blight, 1984
Authors: George D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bravo 500 formulations were applied as a water-based foliar spray using a CO2 back-pack spray unit at Columbia, MO and Fresno, CA. Red and green bell peppers were sprayed at approximately one week intervals starting 18 Jul and ending 24 Aug, for a total of 7 spray applications at the Columbia, MO plots. Red and green jalapeno peppers were sprayed starting on 26 Jun and ending 24 Aug for a total of 8 applications at the Fresno, CA plots. Each location had four replicated plots for each treatment.
Wireworm and Foliar Feeding Insect Control on Potatoes, 1985
Authors: Bishop Guy W. , Halbert Susan , Johnston Richard L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 17-18 Apr at the University of Idaho, Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, Idaho, in Vickery-Marsing silt loam. Treatments were applied to 2-row plots, 20 ft long, separated by 3 ft borders of ‘Red Pontiac’ potatoes in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Eleven insecticides were used at various chemical/rate combinations to give 30 treatments plus an untreated check. All treatments were applied at planting either in-furrow (IFAP), broadcast (BDCST), broadcast in a 10 inch band (10” band), or pre-plant surface spray. Capture was applied as a pre-plant spray using a CO2 pressurized hand-sprayer at 35-40 psi delivering ca. 40 gal water/acre. Those chemicals applied broadcast or in a 10 inch band were applied by hand, then soil incorporated. Counts for aphids and the CPB were made weekly by examining 10 leaves/plot.
Potato Insect Control with Systemic Insecticides, Larimer County, Colorado, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Jagne Jarra F. , Lordier Martha K. , Wawrzynski. Robert P. , Liewehr David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Norchip’ potatoes were planted 8 May, ’85 at the Colorado State University Horticulture Research Center, Larimer County, CO. Plots were 6-row, 25 ft in length, randomized in a complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied post-emergence 14 Jun by banding the insecticides 4 to 6 inches along the sides of the planting. Plants were less than 6 inches at the time of treatment and treatments were incorporated immediately post-application. Potato psyllid, green peach aphid and onion thrips were sampled by examining 35 leaves/plot. CPB larvae were counted 19 Aug by counting all larvae on center rows of each plot.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Spray Frequency Trials, 1984
Authors: Gurecki Thomas , Smilowitz Zane , Rebarchak Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Katahdin’ potato seed pieces were planted on 16 May on 3-ft centers and 9-inch spacing between the plants. One in-furrow application of Temik 15G (0.5 lb (AI)/acre) was made at planting. Plots were 6 rows × 30 ft with each treatment replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 22 gal/acre. Plots designated “high spray frequency” were sprayed 9,. 23, 31 Jul and 16, 28 Aug. “Low spray frequency” plots were sprayed 9, 31 Jul and 28 Aug. CPB larvae and adults were counted on 8 stems per treatment plot. Data were transformed × + 0.5 for analysis. Potatoes were harvested 5 Oct.
Foliar Treatments for Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1984
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Late Superior’ potatoes were planted near Benson, NC on 20 Apr. Treatment plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-inch centers in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle deliverying 75 gal/acre at 60 psi. Application; were made 22 May, 5 Jun, and 25 Jun. Damage ratings and insect counts were made on 22, 31 May, 5, 25 Jun, and 3 Jul. Potatoes were harvested and weighed 25 Jul.
Foliar Insecticide Efficacy Trial, 1983
Authors: Silowitz Zane , Wallace Jean , Gurecki Tom , Rebarchak Paul , Yocum John O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified, Class B ‘Katahdin’ seed potatoes were planted 10 May, with a 9-inch spacing between plants. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Plots consisted of four 25-ft rows planted at 34 inches apart Temik 15 G (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) was applied in-furrow at planting for all treatments and the control. A 3.0 lb (AI)/acre Temik treatment was also included. Starting in Jun, Dithane M-45 was applied at 1.5 lb (AI)/acre on a 5-7 day schedule for potato late blight control. The foliar insecticides were applied 28 Jun and 26 Jul, 3, 18 Aug with a George White boom sprayer in 22 gal per acre at 66 psi. Ten stems per plot were sampled before and after sprays for all stages of CPB. Control plots were sampled weekly beginning 13 Jun. A subjective damage estimate was also assessed, 1 for little or no damage through 5 for more than 75% defoliation. One 20 ft row per plot was harvested 18 Oct and graded by size. Rainfall totalled 2.89 inches for Jun, .28 inches for Jul and 3.27 inches for Aug. Avg max and min daily temperatues (°F) were 83.1 and 57.5 for Jun, 89.8 and 60.1 for Jul and 89.2 and 61.4 for Aug.
Wireworm Control on Potato, Hermiston, OR, 1984
Authors: Toba H. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effectiveness of different rates of chemicals or application methods in reducing wireworm damage was evaluated in a solid-set sprinkler-irrigated field of potatoes. The soil type was Adkins fine sandy loam (Xerollic Camborthid) with a pH of 6.6-7.8 and an organic matter content of 0.5-1%. On 6 Mar, 3 wireworms were found in 25 soil samples obtained in the test area with a posthole digger to a depth of at least 18 inches. On 10 Apr, preplant broadcast (PPB) applications of granules were made with a hand-operated Ortho Whirlybird spreader, and the plots rototilled to a depth of 4-6 inches within 1 h after application. On 18 Apr, at-plant sidedress (APSD) applications were made with Gandy applicators mounted on the planter by placing the granules in 1-inch bands shanked 3-4 inches to each side and level with the seed pieces. Similarly, at-plant seed-piece furrow (APF) applications were made by placing granules in 1-inch bands on the planter shoe, level with and directly ahead of the seed pieces. On 21 May, postemergence sidedress (PESD) applications were made with tractor-mounted Gandy applicators in a manner similar to APSD. On the same day, postemergence topical incorporated (PETI) applications were made by allowing granules to fall over the plants from the end of the delivery tube to which a spreader was attached; all plots were similarly treated with Temik 15G (3 lb (AI)/acre) for aphid control, then hilled with a Lilliston cultivator immediately after treatment. Each plot measured 10 ft long and 11.3ft wide (4 rows, 34-inch spacing), and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. On 2 Oct, tuber samples were harvested from the 2 center rows of each plot (ca. 15 ft/row). Expressed as percentages of tubers by weight, an injured tuber was one with any wireworm feeding, and a damaged tuber was one with any injury as severe as described in Sec. 51.1560 and 51.1564 of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Potatoes.
Aphid Suppression on Spinach, 1985
Authors: McLeod Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five rows of spinach, each separated by 1 ft, were planted in 6-ft-wide beds on 11 Mar at the University of Arkansas Vegetable Substation, Kibler, AR. Plots consisted of 1 bed (5 rows) × 30 ft. Plots were separated by 1 ft of bare ground on each side and 3 ft of spinach separated plots within the same row. Experimental design was a randomized complete block (12 treatments × 4 replications). Sprays were applied 24 April with a hand held CO2 sprayer equipped with 3 Delvan #10 nozzles and calibrated to deliver 28 gpa. Weather at spraying was clear, 65°F and negligible wind. Ten randomly selected plants were cut from each plot 13 days after spraying and transferred to the laboratory where the number of live aphids were determined by plant dissection.
Pyrethroid Phytotoxicity on Tomatoes, 1985
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Ohio 7870’ tomato transplants were planted in 25-ft rows on 15 May ’85. Plots consisted of a treatment row buffered on each side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/A at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 27 May; 2, 10, 17 and 24 Jun. In evaluating the treatments phytotoxicity was recorded on 7, 14 and 25 Jun using a 0-5 scale where 0 = none, 1 = slight phytotoxicity (yellow to white spotting), 3 = moderate phytotoxicity heavy spotting or discoloration, curling of leaves) and 5 = severe phytotoxicity (plant death).
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1985
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded on 4 Feb, ’85 in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied weekly from 25 Mar (1st bloom) to 6 May for a total of 7 applications. They were applied with a Spirit Mfg. Inc. model 902 high-clearance sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 80 psi, and in 100 gal of water/acre. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested on 10 May. The % of fruit damaged by SGSB and SAW were determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot. The populations of both pests were lower than usual.
Foliar Miticides on Alfalfa, Idaho, 1984
Authors: Baird Craig R. , Frohlich Donald R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Miticides were applied as foliar sprays on .01 acre plots of established alfalfa in a field with heavy mite populations near Caldwell, ID. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Sprays were applied on Jul 24 and 31 Jul, 1984 with a CO2 backpack sprayer using 50 gal water/acre. Mite counts were made by randomly picking ten 3-leal samples per replicate. Leaves were brushed through a brushing machine and mites and eggs were counted under a dissecting microscope.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1985
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandy , Rebarchak Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiment A was conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County, Pa. 35 × 40-ft plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment. PLH densities were estimated from 20 180° sweep samples taken randomly across each plot with a 15 inch diam sweep net 1 day before stubble spray on Jul 16, 8 days after the stubble spray, on Jul 25, then after the 25 Jul foliar sprays on Aug 1, Aug 8, and Aug 15 in all plots. This latter date was 29 and 21 days from the stubble and foliar sprays, respectively. Alfalfa height of the time of foliar spraying was 6-8 inch. Sprays were applied in 20 gal water per acre at 50 psi with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20-ft boom, with 80° flat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens. Alfalfa yield was determined from two 75 ft2 swathes taken from each plot 4 days after the last sampling date. A similar test, Experiment B, was conducted in State College, Centre County, Pa. The only changes being: size was increased to 40 × 40 ft, and no stubble sprays were applied. PLH density was evaluated on Jul 30 just before spraying at 7, 14, 22, and 28 days post spray on Aug 6, 13, 22, and 28, respectively. Alfalfa yield was determined from 2 60 ft2 swaths taken from each plot after the last sample date.
Control of Alfalfa Insects in Iowa (Mid Season), 1985
Authors: Hutchins Scott H. , Pedigo L. P. , Higley L. G. , Lasack P. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 40 × 40 ft were located in a newly established stand near the city limits of Ames, IA. Five treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete-block design. Insecticide treatments were applied on Jun 26 ’85 to the center 20 ft of the plot with a Suzuki LT-125 4-wheel all terrain cycle. The CO2 charged (31 psi) boom was ca. 18 inches from the foliage and fitted with 12 brass 8003 flat-fan nozzles. Ground speed was 3.9 mph delivering 12 gal of final solution per acre. Plants were in stage 5 (early bloom) and ca. 11 inches tall. Weather conditions at application time were partly cloudy, winds 3-7 mph, temperature 70-75 degrees F, and ca. 75% RH. A standard 15-inch sweepnet was used to take 15 pendulum sweeps in each plot 1 day before treatment and 1, 5, and 10 days posttreatment. In order to induce recolonization into the experimental area to evaluate residual toxicity, the alfalfa surrounding the plot area was cut ca. 8 days after application of the treatments. No phytotoxicity was observed in any plot.
Control of Lygus Bugs in Alfalfa in Montana, 1985
Authors: Morrill Wendell L. , Wrona Alan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was conducted on a 2-year-old stand of alfalfa on the Montana Agric Exp Stn Post Farm in Gallatin County. Plots were 16 by 20 ft with 3 replications in a randomized block design. Chemicals were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 27 gal/acre at 20 psi on Jun 17. Lygus bugs were sampled using a 15 inch diam sweep net. Weather was unusually hot and dry, and other commonly occurring insects including pea aphids and alfalfa weevils were present only in low numbers. Lygus Dugs were primarily in the nymphal stage during the first sample period, while adults were predominant on the last sample date. The alfalfa normally would have been cut prior to the final sample in a forage production program.
Variegated Cutworm Control, 1985
Authors: Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the Garden City Experiment Station in Finney County, KS. The plots were 4.6m by 4.6m in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The plots were treated on 31 May after the first cutting of hay was removed. The variegated cutworm larvae were approximately 2.5 cm long. The treatments were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer with a 1.5-m boom calibrated to deliver 119 liters of spray per acre. Counts were made on Jun 1 by visually searching 2 strips of 0.3 m × 3.2 m across each plot for dead larvae.
Control of the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid and Pea Aphid with Foliar Sprays in Idaho, 1985
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Baird Craig R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were applied to 8 inch high alfalfa near Kimberly, ID, on 6 Aug ’85. Plots were 24 ft × 24 ft, with 4 replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a CO2 back-pack sprayer at 25 psi delvering 50 gal water/acre. Aphid counts were made with a 15-inch diam sweep net taking 5 (90°) sweeps per plot.
Potato Leafhopper Control on Alfalfa, 1985
Authors: Whalen J. , Vanderhoef H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the Delaware State College Research Farm near Kenton, DE on a sixth-year stand of alfalfa. Plots were 20 ft × 20 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Treatments vere applied with a wheelbarrow design, CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi. Leafhopper density was evaluated prior to treatment on 10 Jul and 2, 5, and 13 days posttreatment by taking 10 sweeps per plot with a 15-inch diam insect net.
Spider Mite Control on Dry Beans, 1985
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays were applied to beans near Buhl, ID on 1 Aug ‘85. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 6 rows wide (22 inch row spacings) × 20 ft long. Materials were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 25 psi using 18 gal finished spray per acre. Motile mite forms were counted from a cm2 located in the middle of the central leaflet of 2 trifoliates picked from the top, 2 from the middle, and 1 from the bottom of the plant canopy.