bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of evolution of circulation patterns on nutrients regime from 2008–2018, in Xiangxi Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Authors: Ijaz Umar , Zhao Xingxing , Ayub Huma , Cheng Zaiqiang , Qiu Siqian , Niaz Abrar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A 2-D CE-QUAL-W2 hydrodynamic and water quality model was established from 2008 to 2018 in Xiangxi Bay (XXB). The recently built upstream Xiluodu, Wudongde, Xiangjiaba and Beihtan dams have altered the ecohydrology of mainstream and tributaries, so nutrients regime during pre and post dam stages are comparatively investigated here. Although total phosphorus (TP) increased at the lower reach, eutrophication remained TP limited with few exceptions. Maximum supply from main stream, potential of water exchange on surface corresponding to increased overflow intrusion facilitated increased average total nitrogen (TN) at euphotic zone in XXB by 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/L respectively since 2014. Eutrophication and algal growth in XXB remained TP limited with few exceptions at the upper reach. Average TN increased by 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/L at the upper, middle and lower reaches respectively in Late March since 2014 compared to those in early years. It increased by 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/L at the upper, middle and lower reaches in Early April since 2014. It increased by 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg/L at the upper, middle and lower reaches in mid April since 2014. It increased slightly at the upper reach, 0.6 mg/L at the middle reach and 0.9 mg/L at the lower reach during late April. It increased slightly at the upper reach and by 0.3 mg/L at the middle reach and by 0.5 mg/L at the lower reaches corresponding to either of the patterns. During mid May, it remained the same at the upper reach, decreased by 0.2 mg/L at the middle reach and 0.5 mg/L at the lower reach. During late May, it remained the same at the upper reach, decreased by 0.4 mg/L at the middle reach and 0.6 mg/L at the lower reaches. These statistics indicate average an increase in TN in spring except in late May .TN concentration was beyond danger limit sustaining and prolonging eutrophication status in spring. As overflow, interflow and upper interflow patterns are prevalent in random order so nutrients could not be predicted theoretically, however nutrients management from non-point sources and the main supplier Three Gorges Reservoir is advisable.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic organic montmorillonite: efficient adsorption of hexavalent chromium
Authors: Fan Xiaoxiao , Zhao Binxia , Ma Jixian , Wang Nan , Gao Wenqiang , Gao Yijia , Zhao Yuke , Liu Linxue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis research compared two potential adsorbents for the efficient adsorption of toxic hexavalent chromium. The non-magnetic material STAC-Mt and the magnetic material FeSO4-STAC-Mt were synthesized by a simple impregnation method using montmorillonite (Mt), octadearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (STAC) and ferrous sulfate as raw materials. The structural and morphological characteristics of both adsorbents were investigated by BET, XRD, FTIR, Zeta, VSM, TEM, SEM and XPS techniques. SEM and TEM results clearly revealed that FeSO4-STAC-Mt had a more loosely curled structure than STAC-Mt and the existence of well dispersed diamond-shaped magnetic particles. The saturation magnetization intensity of 17.949 emu/g obtained by VSM further confirmed the presence of magnetite particles in FeSO4-STAC-Mt. Due to the superparamagnetic properties of magnetite, the adsorption performance of FeSO4-STAC-Mt was better than STAC-Mt. FeSO4-STAC-Mt adsorbed up to 43.98 mg/g of Cr(VI), meanwhile it was easily separated from the reaction mixture by an external magnetic field. Intermittent adsorption studies at pH, adsorbent dosage and time revealed a rapid Cr(VI) adsorption process. In combination with response surface optimization analysis, a removal rate of 98.03% of Cr(VI) was obtained at pH 5–6. The adsorption process was properly described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir equation, and the adsorption process was chemisorption and single molecular layer adsorption. In addition, the removal of Cr(VI) reached 72.68% after five cycles, demonstrating the good stability of the FeSO4-STAC-Mt.
Curcumin Combats against Organophosphate Pesticides Toxicity: A
Review of the Current Evidence and Molecular Pathways
Authors: Jafari-Nozad Amir Masoud , Jafari Amirsajad , Aschner Michael , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Organophosphate compounds are regarded as a class of pesticides that are used in farming. Their extensive use, especially in developing countries, is a serious public health problem. Numerous studies have shown the effects of these toxins on various parts of the human and other vertebrates’ bodies, including the cardiovascular, hepatobiliary, renal, and reproductive systems. Curcumin is a polyphenol compound obtained from the rhizome of the Curcuma longa. Curcumin has been known as a dietary spice, food additive, and traditional medicine since many years ago. In recent decades, the medicinal characteristics, clinical aspects, and biological activity of Curcumin have been extensively examined. The most examined positive characteristics of Curcumin are its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant qualities. This review will deal with the pharmacological properties of Curcumin as well as an update of currently available studies in terms of Curcumin’s uses and function against organophosphate pesticides-induced toxicity on different human organs.
Lopinavir-Loaded Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Enhanced
Solubility: Development, Characterisation and Caco-2 Cell Uptake
Authors: Khan Arshad Ali , Akhtar Safia , Yadav Yogesh , Atiya Akhtar , Alelwani Walla , Bannunah Azzah M. , Mahmood Syed 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The antiretroviral protease inhibitor drug lopinavir (LPV) is used to treat HIV-1 infection. LPV is known to have limited oral bioavailability, which may be attributed to its poor aqueous solubility, low efficacy and high first-pass metabolism. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for LPV have been developed and optimised to counter the current issues.

Methods:
The titration method was used to prepare LPV-loaded SNEDDS (LPV-SNEDDS). Six different pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the nanoemulsifying region. The developed formulations were chosen in terms of globule size < 100 nm, dispersity ≤ 0.5, dispersibility (Grade A) and % transmittance > 85. Heating-cooling cycle, freeze-thaw cycle, and centrifugation studies were performed to confirm the stability of the developed SNEDDS.

Results:
The final LPV-SNEDDS (L-14) droplet size was 58.18 ± 0.62 nm, with polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (EE%) values of 0.326 ± 0.005, -22.08 ± 1.2 mV, and 98.93 ± 1.18%, respectively. According to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis, the droplets in the optimised formulation were < 60 nm in size. The selected SNEDDS released nearly 99% of the LPV within 30 min, which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the LPV-suspension in methylcellulose (0.5% w/v). It indicates the potential use of SNEDDS to enhance the solubility of LPV, which eventually could help improve the oral bioavailability of LPV. The Caco-2 cellular uptake study showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher LPV uptake from the SNEEDS (LPV-SNEDDS-L-14) than the free LPV (LPV-suspension).

Conclusion:
The LPV-SNEDDS could be a potential carrier for LPV oral delivery.
Flavonoids by Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction from Herbal Formulation of
Zingiber officinale, Portulaca oleracea, and Tamarindus indica Improved
Type 2 Diabetes in C57BL6/J Mice
Authors: Pérez Gutiérrez Rosa Martha 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Diabetes is a problem of public health, in consequence, the increasing prevalence of both diseases needs more functional food products with efficiency and low cost to support treatment.

Methods:
Flavonoids from the herbal formulation of Portulaca oleracea, Zingiber officinale, and Tamarindus indica were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology, where several experiments were conducted to determine the implication of three independent variables on the higher production of flavonoids. Extraction time, ethanol concentration, and the liquid-solid ratio were determined as optimal conditions. Furthermore, flavonoids of interest in the extract were determined by using HPLC with UV/vis and mass spectrum and direct comparison reference compounds. Then was determined and compared the effect of extracts from P. oleracea (P), Z. officinale (Z), T. indica (T), and its combination (PTZ) on high-fat-diet-induced diabetic C57BL6/J mice.

Results:
The optimum conditions provided by the model include an extraction time of 30 min, an ethanol concentration of 50%, and a liquid/solid ratio of 40:1 mL/g, The antidiabetic effect of an extract rich in polyphenolic compounds was evaluated using streptozotocin (STZ) and a high-fat diet-induced diabetic mouse. Effect of extracts on high-fat-diet-induced diabetic mice including decreased FER, improved insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose, and serum lipid, and shown reducing body weight gain associated with a reduction of food intake. Extracts have protective effects on kidneys and liver improve lipolysis and successively decrease adipose tissue. Treatment with the polyherbal mixture has shown no toxic effects, possesses potent antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic effects, and decreased glycated hemoglobin. The serum insulin level was significantly increased (p < 0.05) on the polyherbal extract treatment, supporting the evidence of β-cell re-establishment in the pancreas. reduce body weight and food intake, plasma adiponectin level increased while serum leptin level was significantly reduced compared with the HFD group. In addition, the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation markers, and glycogen content were also improved in diabetic mice.

Conclusion:
The combined form of P. oleracea, Z. officinale, and T. indica had better anti-diabetic properties compared to a single therapy, especially which could be related to their high content of phytochemicals in comparison with the bioactive content of a single plant. The results presented here indicated that the use of PTZ due to their synergistic effects can be useful against diabetes improving the factors associated with this disease.
A Review of Freeze Casting: Preparation Process, Modified Methods, and
Development Tendency
Authors: Yang Dong , Wang Xiaojuan , Xu Huacheng , Huang Yijun , Gao Congjie , Gao Xueli 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Fabricating materials with nacre-like structure have received considerable attention as it
shows an excellent combination of mechanical strength and toughness. A considerable number of
researchers have reported the preparation method of bionic structure, such as layer-by-layer assembly,
vacuum filtration, coextrusion assembly, electrophoresis deposition, water-evaporation-induced assembly,
3D printing, and freeze casting. Compared with other techniques, freeze casting, known as ice
templating, is an environmentally friendly, prolongable, and potential method, so it has been rapidly
developing and widely researched in recent decades. In this review, the front six methods with their
benefits and limitations are briefly introduced. Then, the freeze casting technique with the preparation
process and modified technique is emphatically analyzed. Finally, the future tendencies of materials
application and technique application are discussed. Freeze casting consists of suspension preparation,
solidification, sublimation, and post-treatment processes. The mechanism and influence of parameters
during suspension preparation and solidification processes are principally discussed. It must be pointed
out that the performance and structure of samples are closely related to the model and external
force. Besides, the adjustable process parameters of freezing casting are a strong guarantee of obtaining
the target product. The purpose of this review is to promote freeze casting workers to understand
the influence of parameters and enlighten them in new experimental designs.
Neurochemical Signaling in Depression: Impact of Target-Based Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Sharma Bechan , Khushboo  
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Depression is a chronic, devastating, and frequently occurring disease. Clinical studies have
shown the association of depression with atrophy as well as degeneration of nerve cells and glial cells,
which contribute to the size and function of specific brain regions that regulate the status of the mind,
including depression. The currently available pharmacotherapies can be helpful in the treatment of
psychosomatic disorders, including depression. Since these drugs display a very slow reaction and are
required to be taken for a prolonged period, they often induce many side effects, which pose challenges in chemotherapy of the disease. The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) and the brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are known to play key roles in regulating the pathophysiology of
depression. While searching for better options of treatment, rapid-acting antidepressants, such as the
antagonist ketamine and N-methyl-D-aspartate NMDA receptor (NMDAR), are gaining more attention, which affects an array of signaling pathways. An evolutionary hypothesis suggests that the plasticity of neuronal routes is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis and hence the treatment of depression. It has been shown that due to the improper functioning of the neuronal system, adaptive plasticity can contribute to the pathogenesis of depression. Due to the use of medicines that promise choices
for the treatment of depressive patients for dramatic improvement, there is an urgent need to develop
novel tools about the mechanism of action of these rapid-acting antidepressants affecting the brain,
particularly their interaction with the neuronal cell signaling pathways and their special effects on the
neural circuits in the brain.
Roles of Stem Cell Exosomes and their MicroRNA Carrier in Bone and
Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Yang Dazhi , Chen Zecai , Xu Zhen , Qin Lei , Yi Weihong , Long Yufeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Bone and cartilage regeneration is a dynamic and complex process involving multiple cell
types, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells, etc. Stem cells have been proved to have an efficient
capability to promote bone and cartilage regeneration and repair, but the usage of cells harbors some
important safety issues, such as immune rejection and carcinogenicity. Exosomes are non-cell structures
secreted from various cells. The content of exosomes is enriched with proteins, such as cytoskeleton proteins,
adhesion factors, transcription factors, etc., and a variety of nucleic acids, such as mRNA (Messenger
RNA), long-chain non-coding RNA, microRNA (miRNA), etc. Exosomes can deliver a variety of
contents from the parent cells to the recipient cells in different tissue backgrounds, influencing the phenotype
and function of the recipient cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs play significant
roles in bone formation, suggesting that miRNAs may be novel therapeutic targets for bone and cartilage
diseases. Exosomes have been shown with low/no immune rejection in vivo, no carcinogenic risk of infection,
nor other side effects. In recent years, stem cell exosomes have been utilized to promote bone and
cartilage regeneration processes during bone defect, bone fracture, cartilage repair, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis.
In this review, we discuss different exosomes derived from stem cells and their interactions
with target cells, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes and osteoclasts. We also highlight the various signaling
pathways involved in stem cell exosome-related bone and cartilage regeneration.
Cypermethrin Toxicity-induced Infertility: An Assessment of
Longitudinal Transfer of Protective Potentials of Date Fruit
Extracts in Wister Rats
Authors: Ubah Simon A. , Agbonu Oluwa A. , Columbus Philemon K. , Abah Kenneth O. , Chibuogwu Ijeoma C. , Bankole Abayomi S. , Enem Simon I. , Ejiofor Charles E. , Akefe Isaac O. , Ajayi Itopa E. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
There is a potential for longitudinal and horizontal transfer of the
cytotoxic effects of cypermethrin, and evidence suggests that date fruit extracts can ameliorate
these cytotoxic effects. Thus, the current study evaluated female Wister rats’ fertility
and pup parameters after mating males treated with cypermethrin and date fruit (Phoenix
dactylifera) extract.

Methods:
Adult Wistar rats (n = 74; 140 – 207 g) were used to conduct this experiment in
two phases: The first phase was a single dose toxicity study (n = 18), while the second
phase (n = 56) evaluated female Wister rats’ reproductive and pup development parameters
after mating with male Wistar rats exposed to date fruit extract and cypermethrin. Male rats
were distributed randomly into four groups (n = 7 per group) and administered distilled
water (Group I); 60 mg/kg cypermethrin (Group II) to simulate infertility; 250 mg/kg date
fruit extract alone (Group III); and date fruit extracts plus 60 mg/kg cypermethrin (Group
IV). Treated males were then mated with healthy female rats at a ratio of 1:1. Successfully
mated females were appraised for conception and pregnancy rates, gestation length, litter
size, and weights at birth, and on days 5, 10, 15, and 21 post-partum, an anogenital distance
at day-20, sex ratio, and age of pup when hair growth was evident.

Results:
Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in litter size and male anogenital
distance but not in reproductive performance. Also, the study demonstrated that date fruit
extract skewed the sex ratio of offspring to more female than male pups when female
Wister rats were mated with males that received date fruit extracts alone or cypermethrin
and date fruit extracts. The body weight gain did not differ significantly between the control
and cypermethrin-treated groups

Conclusion:
This evidence suggested a longitudinal transfer of the protective effects of
date fruit extracts following a weekly exposure of male rats to cypermethrin at 60 mg/kg.
Influence of Specimen Geometry and Notch on Fatigue Lifetime and
Fracture Behavior of Aluminum-based Nanocomposite Under Stresscontrolled
Fully-reversed Bending Loads
Authors: Mohammadi Farhad , Azadi Mohammad , Parast Mohammad Saedgh Aghareb 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
In the present article, the effect of the specimen geometry and the sample notch was studied on the high cycle fatigue lifetime and fracture behavior of the aluminum-based nanocomposite.

Methods:
For such an objective, rotary fully-reversed bending fatigue tests were performed on smooth and notched specimens, with the frequency of 100 Hz. Then, simulated results using the MSC Fatigue software were calculated and compared to the fatigue lifetime in the experiments for validation. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy was utilized to observe the fracture surface of failed samples after testing.

Results:
Obtained results indicated that the fatigue lifetime increased by enhancing the sample diameter. However, the fatigue lifetime reduced when the stress concentration factor changed from 1.0 to 2.9.

Conclusions:
All samples with three geometries had a brittle fracture due to cleavage and quasi-cleavage marks on the fracture surface.
An Exploratory Study Using the Anti-Anxiety Medication Buspirone for
Driving Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Fried Ronna , Di Salvo Maura , Mehler Bruce , McWilliams Thomas , Driscoll Haley , Vater Chloe Hutt , Biederman Joseph 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The literature documents that intellectually capable autism spectrum disorder
(ASD) is frequently associated with driving avoidance. Because ASD is associated with high levels of
comorbid anxiety and our previous work suggested heightened anxiety during driving simulation, we
evaluated whether driving behavior assessed through a driving simulator would improve with antianxiety
medication.

Objective:
This was an open label, proof of concept study testing the usefulness and tolerability of the nonsedating,
short acting anti-anxiety medication buspirone, using a randomly assigned crossover design.

Methods:
The sample consisted of 24 adult drivers (5 female) with DSM-V ASD (mean age 28.4
years) who completed two simulated driving sessions, one while taking the anti-anxiety medication
buspirone and one without it.

Results:
Treatment with buspirone was associated with significantly improved driving performance as
measured by less variability in lane positioning, a proxy for safer driving, lower self-report anxiety
scores on items involving physical sensations, and better self-report scores on the ability to concentrate
while driving.

Conclusions:
These preliminary, proof of concept findings suggest that mitigating anxiety may improve
driving performance in individuals with intellectually capable ASD, supporting the need to conduct
larger controlled studies assessing this important issue.
Research on Extraction and Integration Method of Core Feature of Power
Transformer under Incomplete Information
Authors: Meng Kun , Zhao Jun , Gao Shuguo , Wang Weiying , Li Gang , Zhao Tao 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The digital transformation strategy puts forward higher requirements for
the information support system of the power system. Also, it points out the direction for the operation and maintenance of essential equipment such as large power transformers. However, the complex operating environment of power transformers poses a challenge to the digital operation and
maintenance of equipment.

Objective:
Complex power transformer monitoring data is characterized by a wide range of sources,
complex structures, incomplete information and unfocused distribution. This paper discussed and
studied the Extraction and Integration Method of Core Feature of Power Transformer under Incomplete Information to fully exploit the potential value of power data and realize data collection and
condition assessment of the equipment.

Method:
First, the power transformer holographic data perception technology and its analysis methods were explained from the perspective of multiple parameters; Then, based on actual cases, an
information decision table based on incomplete information of power transformers based on equipment components and fault types was established to obtain the core feature of the power transformer
itself; Secondly, by analyzing the distribution of the core feature index, a model for multi-task data
integration and fusion in a cloud-edge-end architecture was proposed, and the integration method
for multi-source data transfer was elaborated.

Results:
Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified through simulation analysis of
a calculation example.

Conclusion:
The method described in this article has a certain reference value for evaluating complex equipment that is mainly data-driven but lacks more serious information in the power grid digital transformation process.