bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large infrequent rain events dominate the hydroclimate of Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
Authors: Steiger Nathan J. , D’Andrea William J. , Smerdon Jason E. , Bradley Raymond S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe history of the Polynesian civilization on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) over the Common Era has come to exemplify the fragile relationship humans have with their environment. Social dynamics, deforestation, land degradation, and climatic shifts have all been proposed as important parts of the settlement history and societal transformations on Rapa Nui. Furthermore, climate dynamics of the Southeast Pacific have major global implications. While the wetlands of Rapa Nui contain critical sedimentological archives for reconstructing past hydrological change on the island, connections between the island’s hydroclimate and fundamental aspects of regional climatology are poorly understood. Here we present a hydroclimatology of Rapa Nui showing that there is a clear seasonal cycle of precipitation, with wet months receiving almost twice as much precipitation as dry months. This seasonal cycle can be explained by the seasonal shifts in the location and strength of the climatological south Pacific subtropical anticyclone. For interannual precipitation variability, we find that the occurrence of infrequent, large rain events explains 92% of the variance of the observed annual mean precipitation time series. Approximately one third (33%) of these events are associated with atmospheric rivers, 21% are associated with classic cold-front synoptic systems, and the remainder are characterized by cut-off lows and other synoptic-scale storm systems. As a group, these large rain events are most strongly controlled by the longitudinal position of the south Pacific subtropical anticyclone. The longitudinal location of this anticyclone explains 21% of the variance in the frequency of large rain events, while the remaining variance is left unexplained by any other major atmosphere-ocean dynamics. We find that over the observational era there appears to be no linear relationship between the number of large rain events and any other major climate phenomena. With the south Pacific subtropical anticyclone projected to strengthen and expand westward under global warming, our results imply that Rapa Nui will experience an increase in the number of dry years in the future.
Long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in primary prophylaxis of early infection in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Ding Xinjing , Ding Jianghua , Gu Hong , Zhong Chuanxiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study sought to compare the efficacy of prophylactic long-acting and standard granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on febrile neutropenia, early infections, and treatment delay in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) receiving the therapeutic regimen of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd).

Methods
A prospective study with 68 consecutive patients with MM was conducted in three regional hospitals. Participants were randomly treated with the VRd regimen in combination with prophylactic long-acting G-CSF (treatment group) or prophylactic standard G-CSF (control group). The primary endpoints were the incidence rates of febrile neutropenia, early infection, and treatment delays. The secondary endpoint was clinical outcomes.

Results
Thirty-three patients were assigned to the treatment group, and thirty-five patients were assigned to the control group. The incidence of febrile neutropenia was 6.1% and 17.1% in the treatment and control groups, respectively (p = 0.297). However, the rates of early infection and treatment delay were markedly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (6.1% vs. 25.7% and 9.1% vs. 31.4%; p < 0.05). Notably, all early infections occurred during the first four cycles of VRd therapy, and the most common type of infection was pneumonia. No significant difference in clinical efficacy was found between the two groups. All participants achieved at least partial remission.

Conclusions
Prophylactic administration of domestic long-acting G-CSF markedly reduced the rates of early infection and treatment delay as compared with standard G-CSF in patients newly diagnosed with MM. Notably, all early infections occurred during the first four cycles of VRd therapy. As such, it seems appropriate to administer long-acting G-CSF with the aim of primary prophylaxis of early infection in the setting of newly diagnosed MM.
Evolution of sea-level trends along the Norwegian coast from 1960 to 2100
Authors: Breili Kristian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA first national analysis of the evolution of sea-level rates along the Norwegian coast for the period 1960–2100 has been accomplished by exploring tide-gauge records, relative sea-level projections, and detection techniques for acceleration. Firstly, sea-level rates for the two study periods 1960–2020 and 1991–2020 were estimated. Along the Norwegian coast, relative sea-level rates show significant spatial variation due to glacial isostatic adjustment. Moreover, the coastal average sea-level rate for the period 1991–2020 is significantly higher than for the period 1960–2020. Accelerations were then estimated for all combinations of start years and study periods longer than 30 years by including quadratic coefficients in regression models. It was found that the estimates strongly depend on the study period and do not provide confident estimates of climate change driven variation in the sea level along the Norwegian coast. Secondly, non-linear trends in relative sea level were reconstructed from Singular-Spectrum Analysis, which at several tide gauges revealed low rates in the 1970s, maximum rates around 1990, and declining rates thereafter. From the reconstructed trends, significant positive acceleration in the relative sea level was estimated for the period 1960–2020, while accelerations less than zero were detected for the period 1991–2020. However, the estimates for the recent period appear not robust due to the influence of decadal and multidecadal variation characterizing Norwegian tide-gauge records. Finally, by artificially extending the tide-gauge records by projections, the time when unprecedented high sea-level rates emerge was identified. With projections calculated for the intensive emission scenario RCP8.5, the climate signal of the relative sea level emerges at earliest in the late 2030s. The time of emergence is typically 5 to 10 years later if reanalysis of sea-level pressure and wind speed are used to reduce decadal variation in the tide-gauge records. This is because the meteorological regressors, as a side effect, introduce serial correlations that lead to rate estimates with enlarged standard errors. An important implication of the findings is that a possible absence of record high sea-level rates in the 2020s and 2030s does not falsify that relative sea level along the Norwegian coast is consistent with projections of RCP8.5.
Combinatorial and rotational quantum abstract detecting systems
Authors: Hernández Cáceres J. M. , Combarro E. F. , Rúa I. F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuantum abstract detecting systems (QADS) were introduced as a common framework for the study and design of detecting algorithms in a quantum computing setting. In this paper, we introduce new families of such QADS, known as combinatorial and rotational, which, respectively, generalize detecting systems based on single qubit controlled gates and on Grover’s algorithm. We study the algorithmic closure of each family and prove that some of these QADS are equivalent (in the sense of having the same detection rate) to others constructed from tensor product of controlled operators and their square roots. We also apply the combinatorial QADS construction to a problem of eigenvalue decision, and to a problem of phase estimation.
Advances in the Pathogenesis of Auto-antibody-Induced Cerebellar Synaptopathies
Authors: Mitoma Hiroshi , Manto Mario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe presence of auto-antibodies that target synaptic machinery proteins was documented recently in immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias. The autoantigens include glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1), and glutamate receptor delta (GluRdelta). GAD65 is involved in the synthesis, packaging, and release of GABA, whereas the other three play important roles in the induction of long-term depression (LTD). Thus, the auto-antibodies toward these synaptic molecules likely impair fundamental synaptic machineries involved in unique functions of the cerebellum, potentially leading to the development of cerebellar ataxias (CAs). This concept has been substantiated recently by a series of physiological studies. Anti-GAD65 antibody (Ab) acts on the terminals of inhibitory neurons that suppress GABA release, whereas anti-VGCC, anti-mGluR1, and anti-GluR Abs impair LTD induction. Notably, the mechanisms that link synaptic dysfunction with the manifestations of CAs can be explained by disruption of the “internal models.” The latter can be divided into three levels. First, since chained inhibitory neurons shape the output signals through the mechanism of disinhibition/inhibition, impairments of GABA release and LTD distort the conversion process from the “internal model” to the output signals. Second, these antibodies impair the induction of synaptic plasticity, rebound potentiation, and LTD, on Purkinje cells, resulting in loss of restoration and compensation of the distorted “internal models.” Finally, the cross-talk between glutamate and microglia/astrocytes could involve a positive feedback loop that accelerates excitotoxicity. This mini-review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms and aims to establish the basis of “auto-antibody-induced cerebellar synaptopathies.”
Slug and Vimentin downregulation at the metastatic site is associated with Skip-N2 metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Saygideger Yasemin , Avci Alper , Bagir Emine , Saygıdeğer Demir Burcu , Sezan Aycan , Ekici Mucahit , Baydar Oya , Erkin Özgür Cem 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
Lung cancer displays heterogeneity both in the tumor itself and in its metastatic regions. One interesting behavior of the tumor is known as Skip N2 metastasis, which N2 lymph nodes contain tumor cells while N1 are clean. In this study, mRNA levels of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes in skip N2 and normal N2 involvements of non-small cell lung cancer tissues were investigated to evaluate the possible molecular background that may contribute to the pathogenesis of Skip N2 metastasis.

Materials and methods
Eighty-three surgically resected and paraffin embedded lymph node samples of lung cancer patients were analyzed in this study, which 40 of them were Skip N2. N2 tissues were sampled from 50% tumor containing areas and total RNA was extracted. mRNA levels for 18S, E-cadherin, Vimentin, ZEB1 and SLUG were analyzed via qPCR and E-cadherin and vimentin protein levels via immunohistochemistry (IHC). Bioinformatic analysis were adopted using online datasets to evaluate significantly co-expressed genes with SLUG in lung cancer tissue samples.

Results
Skip-N2 patients who had adenocarcinoma subtype had better survival rates. Comparative analysis of PCR results indicated that Skip N2 tumor tissues had increased E-Cadherin/Vimentin ratio and ZEB1 mRNA expression, and significantly decreased levels of SLUG. E-cadherin IHC staining were higher in Skip N2 and Vimentin were in Non-Skip N2. TP63 had a strong correlation with SLUG expression in the bioinformatics analyses.

Conclusion
The results indicate that, at molecular level, Skip N2 pathogenesis has different molecular background and regulation of SLUG expression may orchestrate the process.
Design of Flexible Films Based on Kinked Carbon Nanofibers for High Rate and Stable Potassium-Ion Storage
Authors: Xiong Qiaotian , He Hongcheng , Zhang Ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the emergence of wearable electronics, flexible energy storage materials have been extensively studied in recent years. However, most studies focus on improving the electrochemical properties, ignoring the flexible mechanism and structure design for flexible electrode materials with high rate capacities and long-time stability. In this study, porous, kinked, and entangled network structures are designed for highly flexible fiber films. Based on theoretical analysis and finite element simulation, the bending degree of the porous structure (30% porosity) increased by 192% at the micro-level. An appropriate increase in kinking degree at the meso-level and contact points in entanglement network at the macro-level are beneficial for the flexibility of fiber films. Therefore, a porous and entangled network of sulfur-/nitrogen-co-doped kinked carbon nanofibers (S/N-KCNFs) is synthesized. The nanofiber films synthesized from melamine as nitrogen sources and segmented vulcanization exhibited a porous, kinked, and entangled network structure, and the stretching degree increased several times. The flexible S/N-KCNFs anode delivered a higher rate performance of 270 mAh g−1 at a current density of 2000 mA g−1 and a higher capacity retention rate of 93.3% after 2000 cycles. Moreover, the foldable pouch cell assembled by potassium-ion hybrid supercapacitor operated safely at large-angle bending and showed long-time stability of 88% capacity retention after 4000 cycles. This study provides a new idea and strategy for the flexible structure design of high-performance potassium-ion storage materials.
Personalized multi-faceted trust modeling to determine trust links in social media and its potential for misinformation management
Authors: Parmentier Alexandre , Cohen Robin , Ma Xueguang , Sahu Gaurav , Chen Queenie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present an approach for predicting trust links between peers in social media, one that is grounded in the artificial intelligence area of multiagent trust modeling. In particular, we propose a data-driven multi-faceted trust modeling which incorporates many distinct features for a comprehensive analysis. We focus on demonstrating how clustering of similar users enables a critical new functionality: supporting more personalized, and thus more accurate predictions for users. Illustrated in a trust-aware item recommendation task, we evaluate the proposed framework in the context of a large Yelp data set. We then discuss how improving the detection of trusted relationships in social media can assist in supporting online users in their battle against the spread of misinformation and rumors, within a social networking environment which has recently exploded in popularity. We conclude with a reflection on a particularly vulnerable user base, older adults, in order to illustrate the value of reasoning about groups of users, looking to some future directions for integrating known preferences with insights gained through data analysis.
Amazonian Moisture Recycling Revisited Using WRF With Water Vapor Tracers
Authors: Dominguez F. , Eiras‐Barca J. , Yang Z. , Bock D. , Nieto R. , Gimeno L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have estimated that 25%–35% of Amazonian precipitation comes from evapotranspiration (ET) within the basin. However, due to simplifying assumptions of traditional models, these studies primarily focus on large spatial and temporal scales. This study is the first to analyze the moisture of Amazonian origin at the annual to daily timescale in four different subregions of the Amazon. We analyze the sources, sinks and stores of moisture that originates as Amazonian ET. To do this, we use the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) regional meteorological model with the added capability of water vapor tracers to track this moisture. Moisture of Amazonian origin shows strong annual and semi‐annual signals, with contrasting behavior between the northern and southern parts of the basin. The tracers reveal a strong diurnal cycle of Amazonian water vapor which had not been previously reported. This signal is related to the diurnal cycle of ET, convective precipitation and advected moisture. ET's contribution to atmospheric moisture increases from early morning into the afternoon. Some of this moisture is rained out through convective storms in the early evening. Later in the night and following morning, strong winds associated with the South American Low Level Jet advect moisture downwind. The beating pattern becomes apparent when visualizing the Amazonian water vapor as an animation.
Sub‐Seasonal Prediction of Drought and Streamflow Anomalies for Water Management in India
Authors: Tiwari Amar Deep , Mishra Vimal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMeteorological and hydrologic prediction at short to sub‐seasonal scales is essential for reservoir operations to mitigate droughts. We examine the skills in the meteorological forecast from the Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) and Extended Range Forecast System (ERFS) for precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures at 1, 7, 15, and 30 days lead. We bias‐corrected meteorological forecasts using the multivariate bias correction method for hydrologic prediction. The Variable Infiltration Capacity model was used to simulate total runoff and root‐zone soil moisture for India. We also developed a streamflow forecast for the five major river basins that have large reservoirs. Bias correction of meteorological forecast (precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures) resulted in a considerable improvement in hydrologic and meteorological forecast skills. The Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) model from the SubX provides either better or equal forecast skills for the raw meteorological forecast compared to ERFS, which is an operational product in India. We examined the forecast skills of the meteorological and hydrological products for the two major droughts that occurred recently. We find that most forecast models effectively captured the onset, peak, and termination of the North Indian drought in 2015–2016 and the South Indian drought in 2016–2017 at a 30‐day lead. Bias correction of the meteorological forecast improved the streamflow forecast for the selected drought event upstream of the major reservoirs. The EMC model showed better forecast skills for the two major droughts than other forecast products. Overall, the SubX products show potential for short‐to‐sub‐seasonal scale hydrologic prediction that can assist water management in India.
Recent advances on fiber-reinforced multifunctional composites for structural supercapacitors
Authors: Lingappan Niranjanmurthi , Lim Sungmook , Lee Guk-Hwan , Tung Huynh Thanh , Luan Van Hoang , Lee Wonoh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Engineering the conventional electrode designs as well as exploring prospective materials and prominent electrolytes, all of which are critically required to tackle the fundamental limitations associated with the current sustainable energy technologies. Structural supercapacitors (SSCs) have recently emerged as next-generation energy storage and conversion devices by virtue of their abilities to store the electrochemical energy whilst sustain high mechanical loads simultaneously. Composite materials as well as electrolytes with multifunctional characteristics, especially outstanding electrical/ionic conductivities and high mechanical robustness represent the key requirements to realize such exemplary multifunctional devices. In this review, we provide an overview, structural design, and the recent progress of the SSCs devices enabled by various carbon fiber-reinforced composites electrodes. Special emphases are given to the assessment on the significance of solid polymer electrolytes and their composites in SSCs. Finally, we conclude with feasible applications of the SSCs and outline the challenges that still need to be addressed for deploying high-performance SSCs for practical applications.
EQUIVALENT ADVERSE OUTCOMES FOR HOME AND HOSPITAL-BASED INFUSIONS OF INFLIXIMAB IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Gupta Shivani , Bricker Josh , Boyle Brendan , Maltz Ross , Michel Hilary , Dotson Jennifer 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is commonly treated with infliximab in a hospital setting or clinic where infusions are safely and effectively administered. In recent years, utilization of home infusions (HI) has increased due to reduced costs (insurance mandates) and patient factors (e.g., travel time savings, convenience). While 1 study of adult IBD patients found a higher likelihood for adverse outcomes among HI compared to those hospital-infused, the safety and efficacy of HI in children is understudied. We evaluated the adverse effects and outcomes of infliximab in children with IBD receiving HI compared to a matched cohort of children receiving infusions at a hospital-based infusion center. The frequency of clinic visits and lab monitoring, and durability of infliximab between cohorts were evaluated.

METHODS
Retrospectively, children who received HI of infliximab between September 2016-September 2018 were matched 1:1 based on age, race, ethnicity, sex, and disease type to a cohort receiving infliximab at a hospital-based infusion center. Patients completed induction at a hospital-based infusion center. A survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox Proportional Hazard (CPH) model) evaluated the hazard ratio for adverse outcomes in HI relative to hospital-infused children over 2 years. Adverse outcomes included stopping therapy for clinically relevant reasons, IBD-related hospitalizations, and emergency visits. Additional analyses included Chi-squared or Fisher exact tests and paired sample t-tests.

RESULTS
This study included 102 (51 pairs) children (63% male, 91% white, 92% Crohn’s disease). At baseline, there were no differences between cohorts by disease location, behavior, growth status, or disease severity. The portion of children with quiescent disease increased from 3% to 87% at year 1 and 93% at year 2 without cohort differences. At baseline, 94% of HI patients and 88% of controls were receiving 5 mg/kg q8weeks as standard maintenance therapy. After 1 year, 23% of all children remained on this dose, with a larger proportion of controls (33%) than children receiving HI ((14%), p=0.03). After 2 years, 19% of all children remained on this maintenance dose (no group differences. Over both years, the HI cohort had fewer labs drawn (p&lt;0.001) as expected per site protocols, but there were no differences in lab results for calprotectin, CRP, ESR, albumin, and hemoglobin or the number of clinic visits at each time point. The risk for adverse outcomes was similar in both groups (CPH odds ratio=0.89 [0.32, 2.46]).

CONCLUSION
When comparing outcomes of children receiving HI vs. controls, there were no differences in drug durability, adverse effects, or laboratory markers of disease activity, suggesting HI may be as effective and safe as hospital-based infusions, provided a standardized care approach is utilized.