bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Russian Aggression on Ukraine: Cyber Operations and the Influence of Cyberspace on Modern Warfare
Authors: Štrucl Damjan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe contemporary security environment is global, dynamic, and unpredictable, particularly in terms of providing cyber security and cyber defence. Numerous analyzes of Russian hybrid operations have shown that the Russian Federation is conducting a number of cyber operations to achieve its politically strategic goals. Despite such debates, the Russo-Ukrainian war represents a new turning point in the global security environment, as many non-state actors have become involved in the conflict and cyberspace has become a tool for implementing sanctions. Thus, the article aims to analyze the implementation of cyber operations of the Russian Federation as observed in the case of its military aggression against Ukraine and the potential global impact of cyberspace in armed conflict for the future.
El derecho a la jubilación de trabajadores de telecomunicaciones en la corporación nacional de telecomunicaciones del Ecuador
Authors: Jarrín-Lara Patricio , Redrobán-Barreto Willam 
Published: June 2022

Para la promulgación de la Ley de Jubilación de los trabajadores de Telecomunicaciones, se consideró que, los técnicos que laboran en el área de telecomunicaciones están proclives a sufrir enfermedades profesionales, que los limitarán o imposibilitarán la ejecución de las actividades técnicas, para los que fueron contratados, incluso de manera definitiva. Este artículo, enfoca su análisis en el proceso de jubilación especial de los trabajadores del sector de telecomunicaciones, que laboran en la empresa CNT del Ecuador y la aplicación de la normativa que la rige. Para el efecto, el reglamento de jubilación en su parte pertinente establece, los cargos técnicos que podrán acceder a la jubilación especial o jubilación anticipada como se la conoce internacionalmente. Jubilación que deberá ser otorgada por el Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS). Para el desarrollo de la investigación jurídica, se utilizó el método cualitativo, tanto de la normativa nacional, como de los cargos que históricamente han sido modificados en su denominación, sin que ello implique alteración o disminución de sus funciones técnicas, como resultado de los continuos cambios de razón social e implementación de procesos de restructuración organizacional de las empresas de telecomunicaciones del sector privado y en el caso específico de la Corporación Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Empresa Pública). Permitiendo de esta manera analizar todos los aspectos históricos, doctrinarios y procedimentales de este tipo de jubilación especial, y cómo el cambio de denominación de los cargos técnicos, afecta al normal desarrollo del proceso de jubilación para los trabajadores de este importante sector laboral.
Outcomes of Vital Sign Monitoring of an Acute Surgical Cohort With Wearable Sensors and Digital Alerting Systems: A Pragmatically Designed Cohort Study and Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Iqbal Fahad Mujtaba , Joshi Meera , Fox Rosanna , Koutsoukou Tonia , Sharma Arti , Wright Mike , Khan Sadia , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara 
Published: June 2022

Background: The implementation and efficacy of wearable sensors and alerting systems in acute secondary care have been poorly described.Objectives: to pragmatically test one such system and its influence on clinical outcomes in an acute surgical cohort.Methods: In this pragmatically designed, pre-post implementation trial, participants admitted to the acute surgical unit at our institution were recruited. In the pre-implementation phase (September 2017 to May 2019), the SensiumVitals™ monitoring system, which continuously measures temperature, heart, and respiratory rates, was used for monitoring alongside usual care (intermittent monitoring in accordance with the National Early Warning Score 2 [NEWS 2] protocol) without alerts being generated. In the post-implementation phase (May 2019 to March 2020), alerts were generated when pre-established thresholds for vital parameters were breached, requiring acknowledgement from healthcare staff on provided mobile devices. Hospital length of stay, intensive care use, and 28-days mortality were measured. Balanced cohorts were created with 1:1 ‘optimal’ propensity score logistic regression models.Results: The 1:1 matching method matched the post-implementation group (n = 141) with the same number of subjects from the pre-implementation group (n = 141). The median age of the entire cohort was 52 (range: 18–95) years and the median duration of wearing the sensor was 1.3 (interquartile range: 0.7–2.0) days. The median alert acknowledgement time was 111 (range: 1–2,146) minutes. There were no significant differences in critical care admission (planned or unplanned), hospital length of stay, or mortality.Conclusion: This study offered insight into the implementation of digital health technologies within our institution. Further work is required for optimisation of digital workflows, particularly given their more favourable acceptability in the post pandemic era. Clinical trials registration information: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04638738.
Case Report: Oxaliplatin-Induced Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block: First Discovery of an Important Side-Effect
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Hui , Zhang Zijin , Xu Yan , An Xuanqi , Ai Xin , Li Lin 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe adverse effects of anticancer therapy in patients with malignancies and cardiovascular diseases are complicated. Oxaliplatin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs for gastric and colorectal cancers, and oxaliplatin-induced cardiotoxicity has rarely been reported.Case SummaryWe report a 76-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction and a 40-day history of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction who exhibited a new third-degree atrioventricular block after oxaliplatin administration. We immediately withdrew oxaliplatin treatment and, to avoid future episodes, we implanted a permanent pacemaker for safety and added diltiazem hydrochloride. The third-degree atrioventricular block disappeared after oxaliplatin withdrawal. We detected no recurrence of the third-degree atrioventricular block in future chemotherapies.ConclusionsThis is the first reported oxaliplatin-induced third-degree atrioventricular block, likely mediated by coronary artery spasm. Cancer patients with acute coronary syndrome are a unique and vulnerable population, whom physicians should carefully evaluate and monitor during anticancer treatment. Remarkably, even the most common chemotherapy drugs can cause life-threatening cardiac adverse events.
The Northernmost Volcanoes in South America (Colombia, 5–6°N): The Potentially Active Samaná Monogenetic Volcanic Field
Authors: Sánchez-Torres Laura , Murcia Hugo , Schonwalder-Ángel Dayana 
Published: June 2022

The northernmost volcanism in South America (5–6°N) is defined by the presence of several monogenetic volcanic edifices in Colombia, which have been grouped within the Samaná monogenetic volcanic field. Few volcanoes have been studied so far, but they are recognized as a cluster of volcanoes of intermediate-to-acid composition, formed by both explosive and effusive eruptions. This study aims to 1) characterize four more monogenetic volcanic edifices as part of the Samaná field, 2) highlight the potentially active volcanism in an area previously defined as non-volcanogenic, and 3) give insights into the magmatic evolution of the scarcely studied evolved monogenetic volcanism linked to subduction zones worldwide. To achieve these aims, this study uses petrography, mineral chemistry, whole-rock geochemistry, geochronological analyses, and geothermobarometric calculations. The analyses indicate that the field is formed by at least seven volcanoes with similar composition and that it is long-lived and potentially active. Mineralogically, the erupted products host plagioclase (An26–74) and amphibole (magnesio-hastingsite, tschermakite, and occasionally mangesio-hornblende) as the most abundant phases, although orthopyroxene (enstatite; Wo2–3, En70–76, Fs21–28) and clinopyroxene (diopside and augite; Wo44–45, En41–42, Fs13–15, and Wo42–44, En46–47, Fs10–11) also appear. Less abundant phases such as olivine (Fo81–88), biotite (magnesiobiotite), quartz, and Fe–Ti oxides (Usp4–89 Mag96–11, and Ilm61–92 Hem39–8) were also recognized. Chemically, the volcanoes are of andesitic-to-dacitic composition with calc-alkaline affinity and show similar behavior of LILE, HFSE, and REE, which is typical for magmatism in subduction environments. Ages yield a range between 1.32 ± 0.06 Ma (K/Ar) and 16,919 ± 220 years (14C). The results also indicate that the volcanoes share a common magmatic source that fed the individual eruptions and that the magma differentiation is mainly controlled by processes of fractional crystallization, although evidence of magma recharge processes or magma mixing and assimilation as a minor process are also recognized. Geothermobarometric calculations suggest that the different mineral phases are crystallized between 1,194 and 687 °C and a pressure between 0.88 and 0.19 GPa. This indicates that the aforementioned processes occurred not only at the main magmatic reservoir (∼33–21 km depth) but also at different stagnation zones at shallower levels of the crust (∼7–5 km). Taking this into account, it is shown that the magma evolution of this monogenetic field is more complex than individual batches of magma reaching the surface uninterrupted, as is normally described for monogenetic volcanic fields of more mafic compositions in other tectonic settings.
Early Spontaneous Abortion in Fresh- and Frozen-Embryo Transfers: An Analysis of Over 35,000 Transfer Cycles
Authors: Shuai Jun , Chen Qiao-li , Chen Wen-hong , Liu Wei-wei , Huang Guo-ning , Ye Hong 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for early spontaneous abortion (ESA) in fresh- and frozen-embryo transfers.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study comprised a total of 35,076 patients, including 15,557 women in the fresh-embryo transfer group and 19,519 women in the frozen-embryo transfer group from January 2016 to December 2020. The primary outcome of this study was ESA, which we defined as the termination of embryonic development before 12 weeks of pregnancy (i.e., an early abortion after artificial multi-fetal pregnancy reduction was excluded).ResultsIn the 35,076 ART transfer cycles, the incidence of ESA was 5.77% (2023/35,076), and the incidence rates for ESA in fresh and frozen cycles were 4.93% (767 of 15,557) and 6.43% (1,256 of 19,519), respectively. Using a multivariate logistic regression analysis model, maternal age, body mass index (BMI), and number of embryos transferred were independent predictors for ESA. In addition, frozen-thawed transfer was a risk factor for ESA as compared with fresh transfer (OR = 1.207; 95% CI, 1.094–1.331; P = 0.000), blastocyst transfer was risk factor for ESA as compared with cleavage transfer (OR =1.373; 95% CI, 1.186–1.591; P = 0.000 in the total group; OR = 1.291; 95% CI, 1.111–1.499; P = 0.001 in the frozen-transfer group), and unexplained infertility was a protective factor for ESA only in the frozen group (OR = 0.746; 95% CI, 0.565–0.984; P = 0.038).ConclusionsMaternal age, BMI, number of embryos transferred, and frozen-thawed transfer were independent risk factors for ESA in assisted reproductive technology treatment cycles.
Characterization of Post-Hypoglycemic Hyperglycemia in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: The EPHICA Study
Authors: Colinet Victoria , Lysy Philippe A. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIn patients with diabetes, the dynamics in which hypoglycemia recovers impacts cardiovascular disease risk. Our study investigated the extents of “post-hypoglycemic hyperglycemia (PHH)” (i.e. hypoglycemia that recover to hyperglycemia in any circumstance) and factors likely to influence PHH characteristics in a pediatric cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsWe collected retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data from 142 pediatric patients with T1D to characterize episodes of PHH during a two-month follow-up period. Factors influencing PHH were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsIn our EPHICA cohort, PHH rate was 0.6 ± 0.3 episode/day and correlated (r=0.33; p&lt;0.0001) with hyperglycemia rate (2.6 ± 0.5 episodes/day). The global proportion of hyperglycemia corresponding to PHH was 0.22 ± 0.1, yet 14.8% of patients had more than 1/3 of hyperglycemia related to PHH. Episodes of PHH lasted 239.6 ± 124.8 minutes with a hyperglycemic peak of 258.8 ± 47.1 mg/dL. Only 12.2% of PHH occurred at night. While a younger age (&lt;12 years) and lower body mass index (BMI) (SDS: -2 to 1.6) were associated with higher daily PHH rates, teenagers (≥12 years) and obese patients experienced longer PHH and higher hyperglycemic peaks. Parameters of glycemic variability (i.e. HbA1C, IDAA1C and GTAA1C) moderately correlated with PHH duration and related hyperglycemic peak. Multivariate analysis confirmed these results, as factors likely to influence PHH rate were phenotype (age and BMI) and glycemic variability parameters (time in range, mean glycemia, HbA1C and GTAA1C).ConclusionOur EPHICA study highlights the importance of PHH as a prominent component of hyperglycemia in some children and adolescents with T1D. Factors associated with PHH features are age, BMI and parameters of glycemic control. Young and lean children are more prone to experience hypoglycemia that recover with hyperglycemia, but adolescents and obese children tend to experience hyperglycemia of longer duration.
Low Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Are Associated With Coronary Heart Disease in Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Xiao Jinfeng , Liu Tong , He Qing , Cui Jingqiu , Tang Shaofang , Li Xin , Liu Ming 
Published: June 2022

AimsSex hormones play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the associations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsA total of 995 patients with T2DM were included in the study analysis. Serum levels of DHEA and DHEAS were quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of DHEA and DHEAS with CHD and stroke. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal DHEA and DHEAS cutoff values for the detection of CHD in men with T2DM.ResultsIn men with T2DM, after adjustment for potential confounders in model 3, the risk of CHD decreased with an increasing serum DHEA level [odds ratio (OR) = 0.38, quartile 4 vs. quartile 1; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.16–0.90; p = 0.037 for trend). Consistently, when considered as a continuous variable, this association remained significant in the fully adjusted model (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.40–0.87, p &lt; 0.05). When taken as a continuous variable in model 3, serum DHEAS level was also inversely related to the risk of CHD among men (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.38–0.82, p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, this relationship remained statistically significant when DHEAS was categorized into quartiles (OR = 0.27, quartile 4 vs. quartile 1; 95% CI = 0.11–0.67; p = 0.018 for trend). ROC curve analyses revealed that the optimal cutoff values to detect CHD in men with T2DM were 6.43 nmol/L for DHEA and 3.54 μmol/L for DHEAS. In contrast, no significant associations were found between DHEA and DHEAS on the one hand and stroke on the other in men and women with T2DM (all p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsSerum DHEA and DHEAS were significantly and negatively associated with CHD in middle-aged and elderly men with T2DM. This study suggests potential roles of DHEA and DHEAS in CHD pathogenesis.
Coupled Dynamic Response of an Offshore Multi-Purpose Floating Structure Suitable for Wind and Wave Energy Exploitation
Authors: Konispoliatis Dimitrios N. , Manolas Dimitrios I. , Voutsinas Spyros G. , Mavrakos Spyros A. 
Published: June 2022

This paper presents the coupled analysis performed in the frequency and time domain, considering a multi-purpose floating structure suitable for offshore wind and wave energy source exploitation. The floating structure encompasses an array of hydrodynamically interacting Oscillating Water Column (OWC) devices, moored through tensioned tethers as a Tension Leg Platform (TLP), and supports a 10 MW Wind Turbine (WT). The analysis is built to incorporate properly the solutions of the diffraction and the pressure- and motion-dependent radiation problems around the floating structure, the mooring lines characteristics, the OWCs characteristics, and the aerodynamics of the WT by accounting for the aerodynamic modelling of the rotor, the elastic modelling of the turbine components, namely the blades, the drive train, and the tower. Numerical results are obtained through the developed analysis methods, presenting the fundamental hydrodynamic properties of the platform, as well as the ultimate and fatigue loads at several locations on the structure expected to be imposed on it over its lifetime. The effect of the installation sites (i.e., environmental excitation) on the lifetime loads is investigated by comparing the estimated loads at various Mediterranean Sea and North Sea locations. Finally, the OWC effect, due to the air pressure oscillation inside the wave energy converters, is discussed, highlighting its significant influence on the hybrid system’s loading conditions.
Meteorological Influence of Mineral Dust Distribution Over South-Western Africa Deserts Using Reanalysis and Satellite Data
Authors: Shikwambana Lerato , Kganyago Mahlatse 
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the meteorological influence of mineral dust in the south-western African region using satellite and reanalysis datasets by studying 1) the seasonal transport and distribution of mineral dust in the region; 2) the relationship between precipitation, wind and desert dust, and 3) the long-term trends of dust column density, precipitation rate and surface wind speed. The results show that the Namib desert is the main source of dust in the region, with the density and distribution varying by seasons. The study found that the greatest dust distribution occurs in the June-July-August (JJA) season, attributed to the southwesterly winds which transport the dust into the interior of the region. Moreover, small dust aerosols less that 20 µm are observed at highest altitudes between 7 and 10.28 km. Favourable meteorological such as strong and fast winds and low precipitation, and low vegetation played a vital role in the production and distribution of dust aerosols. Over a long time (i.e., from 1990 to 2020), dust column density trend increased, while precipitation and surface wind speed trends decreased. This study provides significant basis for assessing and monitoring of the desertification processes and their effect on regional climate variability and change in Southwest Africa, where data is ground-based data is scarce and related efforts are rare.
The ABC-Stroke Score Refines Stroke Risk Stratification in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation at the Emergency Department
Authors: Niederdöckl Jan , Oppenauer Julia , Schnaubelt Sebastian , Cacioppo Filippo , Buchtele Nina , Warenits Alexandra-Maria , Laggner Roberta , Schütz Nikola , Bögl Magdalena S. , Ruzicka Gerhard , Gupta Sophie , Lutnik Martin , Sheikh Rezaei Safoura , Wolzt Michael , Herkner Harald , Domanovits Hans , Laggner Anton N. , Schwameis Michael , Hijazi Ziad 
Published: June 2022

AimsTo evaluate the performance of the ABC (Age, Biomarkers, Clinical history) and CHA2DS2-VASc stroke scores under real-world conditions in an emergency setting.Methods and ResultsThe performance of the biomarker-based ABC-stroke score and the clinical variable-based CHA2DS2-VASc score for stroke risk assessment were prospectively evaluated in a consecutive series of 2,108 patients with acute symptomatic atrial fibrillation at a tertiary care emergency department. Performance was assessed according to methods for the development and validation of clinical prediction models by Steyerberg et al. and the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis. During a cumulative observation period of 3,686 person-years, the stroke incidence rate was 1.66 per 100 person-years. Overall, the ABC-stroke and CHA2DS2-VASc scores revealed respective c-indices of 0.64 and 0.55 for stroke prediction. Risk-class hazard ratios comparing moderate to low and high to low were 3.51 and 2.56 for the ABC-stroke score and 1.10 and 1.62 for the CHA2DS2-VASc score. The ABC-stroke score also provided improved risk stratification in patients with moderate stroke risk according to the CHA2DS2-VASc score, who lack clear recommendations regarding anticoagulation therapy (HR: 4.35, P = 0.001). Decision curve analysis indicated a superior net clinical benefit of using the ABC-stroke score.ConclusionIn a large, real-world cohort of patients with acute atrial fibrillation in the emergency department, the ABC-stroke score was superior to the guideline-recommended CHA2DS2-VASc score at predicting stroke risk and refined risk stratification of patients labeled moderate risk by the CHA2DS2-VASc score, potentially easing treatment decision-making.