bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Polyethylenimine‐Functionalized Protic Ionic Liquid (PolyE‐IL) Catalyst for Conversion of Aqueous 2,3‐Butanediol into Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
Authors: Mahale Jyoti S. , Pawar Hitesh S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe dehydration of C6 sugars derived 2, 3‐butane diol (2, 3‐BDO) into Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) is an emerging, and green alternative for production of green platform chemicals. In the present manuscript polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized protic ionic liquid (PolyE‐IL) has been integrated as a selective, recyclable, robust and efficient catalyst for dehydration of aqueous 2, 3‐BDO into MEK. The exploration of PolyE‐IL catalyst provides selective dehydration of aqueous 2,3‐BDO with significantly higher yield (>70 %) of MEK and conversion (>80 %) of 2,3‐BDO. PolyE‐ILs with different counter ions were synthesized and tested for 2,3‐BDO dehydration. Of the tested catalyst, PolyE‐IL‐1 with sulfonic acid counter ion ([PEI]+[HSO4]−) showed excellent performance for obtaining high MEK yield (77 %) and 2,3‐BDO conversion (85 %) at 220 °C. Moreover, the [PEI]+[HSO4]− catalyst showed excellent performance in term of TON (4.16) and TOF (0.14) with E‐Factor (0.33) and PMI (28.3). The recyclability study for five consecutive runs showed the consistency in yield (>70 %) and conversion (>80 %). Thus, PolyE‐IL catalyst found to be robust and stable under optimized reaction conditions. The present process provides several environmental and process economical benefits of low operating temperature, pressure, reaction time, and catalyst recycle. The use of PolyE‐IL shall contribute to development of economically and industrially feasible process.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐doped Carbon Nanodots from Tri‐isopropanolamine and the Application in Cell Imaging
Authors: Yang Jing , Fan Xuexue , Cao Yongqian , Liu Jianxin , Wang Yunfang , Zhang Xiaochao , Li Rui , Zhang Changming , Fan Caimei , Wang Yawen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs an emerging nano‐functional material, fluorescent carbon nanodots (CDs) have made breakthroughs in many fields. In our research, graphite‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon nanodots (N‐CDs) with excellent down‐ and up‐conversion fluorescent properties were synthesized by a facile one‐step solvothermal method using tri‐isopropanolamine (TIPA) as carbon and nitrogen sources. Mean particle diameter from 2.85 to 5.62 nm can be obtained by controlling the amount of HNO3 during synthesis. With low cytotoxicity and excellent fluorescence properties, the prepared N‐CDs can well label HeLa cells, which has great potential in the field of cell imaging. This work could enrich the research on the preparation and application of N‐CDs.
Synthesis and Properties of Bis(nitrocarbamoylethyl) Nitramine ‐ A New Energetic Open‐Chain Nitrocarbamate
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Lechner Jasmin T. , Riedelsheimer Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe nitrocarbamate derivative of the well‐known and intensively investigated nitro ester DINA was prepared and studied. Starting with bis(hydroxyethyl) nitramine obtained from DINA, the corresponding carbamate was obtained by treatment with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI). Using fuming nitric acid only as nitration reagent, the target compound bis(nitrocarbamoylethyl) nitramine was synthesized. Furthermore, a route to the salt bis(nitrocarbamoylethyl)ammonium nitrate by a simple two step synthesis starting from diethanolamine was revealed. The compounds were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, vibrational analysis and elemental analysis. The sensitivities towards impact and friction of the energetic compounds were measured, as well as their energetic properties determined by using the energies of formation, calculated on the CBS4‐M level of theory, with the EXPLO5 computer code.
Toxin‐Enabled “On‐Demand” Liposomes for Enhanced Phototherapy to Treat and Protect against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Zhuge Deli , Chen Mengchun , Yang Xuewei , Zhang Xufei , Yao Lulu , Li Li , Wang Haonan , Chen Hao , Yin Qingqing , Tian Dongyan , Weng Cuiye , Liu Shuangshuang , Xue Pengpeng , Lin Yijing , Sun Yiruo , Huang Zhuoying , Ye Cen Jie‐Nuo , Shen Lan , Huh Joo Young , Xia Weiliang , Zhao Yingzheng , Chen Yijie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn effective therapeutic strategy against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that does not promote further drug resistance is highly desirable. While phototherapies have demonstrated considerable promise, their application toward bacterial infections can be limited by negative off‐target effects to healthy cells. Here, a smart targeted nanoformulation consisting of a liquid perfluorocarbon core stabilized by a lipid membrane coating is developed. Using vancomycin as a targeting agent, the platform is capable of specifically delivering an encapsulated photosensitizer along with oxygen to sites of MRSA infection, where high concentrations of pore‐forming toxins trigger on‐demand payload release. Upon subsequent near‐infrared irradiation, local increases in temperature and reactive oxygen species effectively kill the bacteria. Additionally, the secreted toxins that are captured by the nanoformulation can be processed by resident immune cells to promote multiantigenic immunity that protects against secondary MRSA infections. Overall, the reported approach for the on‐demand release of phototherapeutic agents into sites of infection could be applied against a wide range of high‐priority pathogens.
Recent advances in the molecular basis of chemotherapy resistance and potential application of epigenetic therapeutics in chemorefractory renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Acharya Narayan , Singh Kamaleshwar P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmong various types of cancers, kidney cancer is unique with respect to a low frequency of mutations and a relatively higher level of chemotherapy resistance. Resistance to chemotherapy is a major challenge in kidney cancer treatment in the clinic. Tremendous progress has been made in identifying the molecular changes associated with chemotherapy resistance in RCC. However, the exact contribution of these molecular changes to the acquisition of chemotherapy resistance is not fully understood. In addition to genetic changes, epigenetic alterations have been shown to contribute to various pathways associated with chemotherapy resistance, such as increased cell proliferation and survival, regulation of drug influx and efflux transporters, increased DNA repair, loss of DNA‐damage‐dependent apoptotic potential, cellular dedifferentiation to cancer stem cell, and epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMT). Moreover, recent studies suggest that epigenetic aberrations that can be reversed by epigenetic therapeutics can potentially be targeted to restore chemosensitivity in chemorefractory kidney cancer. This review article highlights current knowledge of the role of genetic and epigenetic aberrations as well as the physiological and metabolic changes associated with chemotherapeutic resistance. Additionally, current approaches and future directions for overcoming chemotherapeutic resistance including the potential of epigenetic therapeutic in chemorefractory kidney cancer have also been discussed.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Moral Psychology of Emotion in Korean Neo-Confucianism and Its Philosophical Debates on the Affective Nature of the Mind
Authors: Seok Bongrae 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses the Four-Seven Debate and the Horak Debate, the two major philosophical debates of Korean Neo-Confucianism and analyzes how Korean Neo-Confucians in the Joseon dynasty understood and explained emotions in their theories of the mind, morality, and human nature. Although the Korean thinkers respected and followed the philosophical framework of the Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, they also developed their own theories of emotions. The philosophical significance of Korean Neo-Confucianism lies in its unique moral psychology, the moral psychology of the emotional mind with its dedication to the moral nature of human beings and the regulative principle of the universe.
The UN Food Systems Summit: Disaster Capitalism and the Future of Food
Authors: Ferrando Tomaso 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 has brought to light the multiple cracks in the logistically integrated, financialized and commodity-based capitalist food system. As with other aspects of social life thrown into disruption amid the global health, economic and environmental downturn, the early weeks of the pandemic seemed to offer the hope of transformative possibility, a “portal” towards different food systems. The time seemed ripe for the kinds of radical transitions that social movements and peasants’ organizations have requested for decades: subverting the “conventional” food system without going back to “corporate normality”. However, when the multiple crises are characterized as exceptional rather than structural, a narrative of emergency and urgency is deployed to reinforce the power of the incumbents. The overlap between the pandemic and the climate crisis can be an opportunity, but hardly for peasants and indigenous people. As in Naomi Klein’s Shock Doctrine, corporate actors and billionaire philanthropists are using the rhetoric of urgency to push for changes that reinforce the status quo and do not address the root causes that have brought us here. In order to spark debate and reflections, my contribution engages with one example of ongoing co-optation of the state of climate and sanitary emergency: the 2021 United Nations Food Systems Summit as a new food policy arena where decisions are distanced from peasants, indigenous communities and citizens and put in the hands of corporations, financial investors and billionaire philanthropists.
Against Consumer Ethics
Authors: Mayes Christopher , Sassano Angie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConsumer food ethics has re-emerged over the past 30 years as a popular form of activism to address concerns with the dominance of corporate interests in the global food system. Proponents of consumer ethics contend that informing consumers about injustices in the food system via labels or awareness campaigns will lead to collective rejection of unethical food corporations and the embrace of ethical products. This approach has been criticized on a variety of grounds, including its reliance on and eventual co-optation by market mechanisms. In response to these criticisms, food activists and scholars have promoted a consumer ethic that embraces local and alternative food systems, thereby producing an alternative consumer ethic purportedly outside of market logics. While these alternative practices have much to commend them, we argue that alternative food systems are invariably oriented towards consumer interests and thereby run into similar problems faced by earlier iterations of consumer-based ethics. We argue against the persistent focus on consumer ethics as means of substantially disrupting food systems, whether global, local or alternative.
Going Against the Grain in the West Australian Wheatbelt
Authors: Donati Kelly 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe vast wheatbelt of Western Australia marks a disruptive force on an ancient landscape, an upheaval wrought by the dispossessive ecologies of sheep and wheat (Mayes, Unsettling Food Politics: Agriculture, Dispossession and Sovereignty. London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018). This chapter asks what transformational possibilities might emerge in this context through a case study of a broad-acre regenerative-farming couple, Di and Ian Haggerty, and their experiments with new ways of knowing, living and farming in the wheatbelt. The Haggertys seek to reconfigure ecological relations within regimes of large-scale production. On the one hand, these regimes of production look much like their neighbours’, as they use the same logistical chains, infrastructure and financial systems as other wheatbelt producers. On the other, their farming practice—informed by a probiotic and more-than-human epistemology the Haggertys call “natural intelligence”—suggests a potential disruption to extractivist commodity agriculture in the wheatbelt and the hegemony of its technoscientific institutions. While regenerative farming at scale could be dismissed as a greener form of settler-colonial agriculture, this case study suggests, or at least creates space for, a cautious optimism that more diverse ways of knowing and doing food might be constructed from within the cracks of global supply chains and that new alliances might emerge from the ground up.
Reviving Community Agrarianism in Post-socialist China
Authors: Leung Daren Shi-Chi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTasked with feeding 1.4 billion people, China often promotes its success in food security in relation to its self-sufficient grain production. In the post-socialist context, the reformist state has been pursuing a capital-based vertical model to integrate millions of smallholding producers into the market. Yet, the introduction of high-yield hybrid rice to increase production has resulted in a set of related crises, including widespread environmental pollution, food-safety issues and adverse impacts on rural life. However, agrarian communities are challenging these state-imposed practices of food production. This chapter explores an endogenous form of regenerative agriculture that has emerged in South China since the early 2000s, a Chinese form of food and farming activism for reviving community agrarianism. I argue that the revitalization of “traditional” farming practices as a form of xaingtu (rural) knowledge has evolved with and through local peasants’ experience and struggle over the decades. One example that combines diverse aspects of such knowledge is the “fish-duck-rice paddy”, a well-known symbiotic method of pest control that also works with native varieties, organic manure and cooperative labour. This method revives peasants’ experience of the Mao era as a cultural reference for community agrarianism. The revival of community agrarianism allows farming to be narrated as an evolving social and historical practice, not “wasting” peasants’ knowledge, in contrast to the capitalist agrarian transformation.
Fantasies of Logistics in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Henry Matthew , Morris Carolyn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLogistics is a form of calculative reasoning and set of material practices framed by the fantasy of perpetual, seamless circulation. This fantasy is built on ideas of universal connection and fungibility that sit beyond the teeming messiness of lived, unpacified life. The fantasy of connection is, however, continually haunted by an anxiety that an irruption of liveliness will disrupt material flows and expectations of plenitude. In this chapter, we draw on two case studies of food disruption from Aotearoa New Zealand—pork and flour—to interrogate these promises. The two cases take the form of vignettes when the regular operation of logistics relationships was in some way affected by the COVID-19 response of the Aotearoa New Zealand government and other actors. We argue that the character and impact of the disruption experienced in each case study are specific to its material and cultural particularities and that the particularities of disruption themselves provide a valuable analytical entry point for understanding the fragility and contingency of logistics. This leads us to show that the critical analysis of logistics relationships needs to move beyond a mirroring of claims to universality and is more insightful when it is attentive to the specific materialities of things and their liveliness.
Reproducing Hunger in Pandemic America
Authors: Dickinson Maggie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a significant rise in hunger in the United States, especially among caretakers of children, people who are unemployed or insecurely employed, undocumented immigrants and other racialized marginalized groups. The gaping holes in the public response to growing hunger are the inevitable result of decades of welfare state transformation in which policymakers have withdrawn assistance for caregivers and reframed public benefits as a subsidy to low-wage jobs. In the face of mass unemployment and life-threatening risks for frontline food workers, hunger is once again being deployed as a tool to push people into unsafe jobs that prop up a racist and ecologically destructive food system.
Line defects in three dimensional mirror symmetry beyond linear quivers
Authors: Dey Anindya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The map of half-BPS line defects under mirror symmetry has previously been worked out for 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 linear quivers with unitary gauge groups, where these defects have a clear realization in terms of a brane picture in Type IIB String Theory. In this work, we initiate the study of line defects and the associated mirror maps for more general 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 quiver gauge theories from a QFT approach, using the S-type operations introduced in [1]. In particular, our construction does not rely on any String Theory realization of the quiver gauge theories and the defects. After discussing the general framework for the construction of these line defects and their mirror maps, we focus on quiver gauge theories of the D-type and the affine D-type with unitary gauge groups, as a concrete set of examples. Some of the line defects we study admit a Hanany-Witten description and we show that the associated mirror maps predicted by the Type IIB construction in these cases agree with the QFT computation. In addition, we study an example involving defects in an affine D-type theory, for which the dual theory is not directly realized by the Type IIB description. In a companion paper, we will discuss defects in infinite families of non-ADE quivers using the general construction developed in this paper.
BIonic membranes and AdS instabilities
Authors: Marchesano Fernando , Prieto David , Quirant Joan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study 4d membranes in type IIA flux compactifications of the form AdS4× X6, whereX6admits a Calabi-Yau metric. These models feature scale separation and D6-branes/O6-planes on three-cycles ofX6. When the latter are treated as localised sources, explicit solutions to the 10d equations of motion and Bianchi identities are known in 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 settings, valid at first order in an expansion parameter related to the AdS4cosmological constant. We extend such solutions to a family of perturbatively stable$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 0 vacua, and analyse their non-perturbative stability by looking at 4d membranes. Up to the accuracy of the solution, we find that either D4-branes or anti-D4-branes on holomorphic curves feel no force in both$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 and$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 0 AdS4. Differently, D8-branes wrappingX6and with D6-branes ending on them can be superextremal 4d membranes attracted towards the$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 0 AdS4boundary. The sources of imbalance are the curvature ofX6and the D8/D6 BIon profile, with both comparable terms as can be checked forX6a (blown-up) toroidal orbifold. We then show that simple$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 0 vacua with space-time filling D6-branes are unstable against bubble nucleation, decaying to$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 0 vacua with less D6-branes and larger Romans mass.
Model-independent constraints on non-unitary neutrino mixing from high-precision long-baseline experiments
Authors: Agarwalla Sanjib Kumar , Das Sudipta , Giarnetti Alessio , Meloni Davide 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOur knowledge on the active 3νmixing angles (θ12,θ13, andθ23) and the CP phaseδCPis becoming accurate day-by-day enabling us to test the unitarity of the leptonic mixing matrix with utmost precision. Future high-precision long-baseline experiments are going to play an important role in this direction. In this work, we study the impact of possible non-unitary neutrino mixing (NUNM) in the context of next-generation long-baseline experiments DUNE and T2HKK/JD+KD having one detector in Japan (T2HK/JD) and a second detector in Korea (KD). We estimate the sensitivities of these setups to place direct, model-independent, and competitive constraints on various NUNM parameters. We demonstrate the possible correlations between the NUNM parameters,θ23, andδCP. Our numerical results obtained using only far detector data and supported by simple approximate analytical expressions of the oscillation probabilities in matter, reveal that JD+KD has better sensitivities for|α21|andα22as compared to DUNE, due to its larger statistics in the appearance channel and less systematic uncertainties in the disappearance channel, respectively. For|α31|,|α32|, andα33, DUNE gives better constraints as compared to JD+KD, due to its larger matter effect and wider neutrino energy spectrum. Forα11, both DUNE and JD+KD give similar bounds. We also show how much the bounds on the NUNM parameters can be improved by combining the prospective data from DUNE and JD+KD setups. We find that due to zero-distance effects, the near detectors alone can also constrainα11,|α21|, andα22in both these setups. Finally, we observe that theντappearance sample in DUNE can improve the constraints on|α32|andα33.
Ataluren suppresses a premature termination codon in an MPS I-H mouse
Authors: Wang Dan , Xue Xiaojiao , Gunn Gwen , Du Ming , Siddiqui Amna , Weetall Marla , Keeling Kim M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstarct
Suppressing translation termination at premature termination codons (PTCs), termed readthrough, is a potential therapy for genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations. Ataluren is a compound that has shown promise for clinical use as a readthrough agent. However, some reports suggest that ataluren is ineffective at suppressing PTCs. To further evaluate the effectiveness of ataluren as a readthrough agent, we examined its ability to suppress PTCs in a variety of previously untested models. Using NanoLuc readthrough reporters expressed in two different cell types, we found that ataluren stimulated a significant level of readthrough. We also explored the ability of ataluren to suppress a nonsense mutation associated with Mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler (MPS I-H), a genetic disease that is caused by a deficiency of α-L-iduronidase that leads to lysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Idua-W402X mice, we found that ataluren partially rescued α-L-iduronidase function and significantly reduced GAG accumulation relative to controls. Two-week oral administration of ataluren to Idua-W402X mice led to significant GAG reductions in most tissues compared to controls. Together, these data reveal important details concerning the efficiency of ataluren as a readthrough agent and the mechanisms that govern its ability to suppress PTCs.

Key messages

Ataluren promotes readthrough of PTCs in a wide variety of contexts.

Ataluren reduces glycosaminoglyan storage in MPS I-H cell and mouse models.

Ataluren has a bell-shaped dose–response curve and a narrow effective range.