bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized Data Synthesis for DNN Training and Validation by Sensor Artifact Simulation
Authors: Hagn Korbinian , Grau Oliver 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSynthetic, i.e., computer-generated imagery (CGI) data is a key component for training and validating deep-learning-based perceptive functions due to its ability to simulate rare cases, avoidance of privacy issues, and generation of pixel-accurate ground truth data. Today, physical-based rendering (PBR) engines simulate already a wealth of realistic optical effects but are mainly focused on the human perception system. Whereas the perceptive functions require realistic images modeled with sensor artifacts as close as possible toward the sensor, the training data has been recorded. This chapter proposes a way to improve the data synthesis process by application of realistic sensor artifacts. To do this, one has to overcome the domain distance between real-world imagery and the synthetic imagery. Therefore, we propose a measure which captures the generalization distance of two distinct datasets which have been trained on the same model. With this measure the data synthesis pipeline can be improved to produce realistic sensor-simulated images which are closer to the real-world domain. The proposed measure is based on the Wasserstein distance (earth mover’s distance, EMD) over the performance metric mean intersection-over-union (mIoU) on a per-image basis, comparing synthetic and real datasets using deep neural networks (DNNs) for semantic segmentation. This measure is subsequently used to match the characteristic of a real-world camera for the image synthesis pipeline which considers realistic sensor noise and lens artifacts. Comparing the measure with the well-established Fréchet inception distance (FID) on real and artificial datasets demonstrates the ability to interpret the generalization distance which is inherent asymmetric and more informative than just a simple distance measure. Furthermore, we use the metric as an optimization criterion to adapt a synthetic dataset to a real dataset, decreasing the EMD distance between a synthetic and the Cityscapes dataset from 32.67 to 27.48 and increasing the mIoU of our test algorithm () from 40.36 to$$47.63\%$$47.63%.
Chapter 2 Smittestopp for Android and iOS
Authors: Florvaag Per Magne , Kjeldsberg Henrik Aasen , Mitusch Sebastian Kenji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContact tracing is currently a manual and laborious task that requires individuals to recall their interactions with people many days in the past. As a remedy, phones can be used to play a significant role in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, by easing the burden of healthcare staff. Through novel and sophisticated technology, apps can be used to track infected people, issue quarantine guidelines, and provide the latest news to the public. Along with general public measures, apps can contribute significantly to keeping infection levels low. Generally, digital contract tracing can identify and warn people who may be at risk of being infected because they were in close physical proximity of someone who later tested positive for COVID-19.
Chapter 4 Smittestopp analytics: Analysis of position data
Authors: Thambawita Vajira , Hicks Steven A. , Jaouen Ewan , Halvorsen Pål , Riegler Michael A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContact tracing applications generally rely on Bluetooth data. This type of data works well to determine whether a contact occurred (smartphones were close to each other) but cannot offer the contextual information GPS data can offer. Did the contact happen on a bus? In a building? And of which type? Are some places recurrent contact locations? By answering such questions, GPS data can help develop more accurate and better-informed contact tracing applications. This chapter describes the ideas and approaches implemented for GPS data within the Smittestopp contact tracing application.We will present the pipeline used and the contribution of GPS data for contextual information, using inferred transport modes and surrounding POIs, showcasing the opportunities in the use of GPS information. Finally,we discuss ethical and privacy considerations, as well as some lessons learned.
Chapter 6 Digital tracing, validation, and reporting
Authors: Elmokashfi Ahmed , Funke Simon , Klock Timo , Kuchta Miroslav , Naumova Valeriya , Uv Julie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractManual contact tracing has been a key component in controlling the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The identification and isolation of close contacts of confirmed cases have successfully interrupted transmission chains and reduced the disease spread. Even though manual contact tracing has been widely used, its practice has shown that it is slow and cannot be scaled up once the epidemic grows beyond the early phase. In this case, digital contact tracing can play a significant role in controlling the pandemic. In this chapter, based on our experience and lessons learned from the Smittestopp project, we discuss the main prerequisites for the efficient implementation and validation of digital contact tracing in a population. Specifically, we discuss how to translate a close contact defined for manual tracing to proximity events discovered by a phone, that is, how to define a meaningful risk score and validate the digital contact tracing. We discuss challenges related to each step and provide solutions to some of them, even though questions still remain.
The scale of new physics from the Higgs couplings to γγ and γZ
Authors: Abu-Ajamieh Fayez 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Measuring the Higgs couplings accurately at colliders is one of the best routes for finding physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). If the measured couplings deviate from the SM predictions, then this would give rise to energy-growing processes that violate tree-level unitarity at some energy scale, indicating new physics. In this paper, we extend previous work on unitarity bounds from the Higgs potential and the Higgs couplings to vector bosons and the top quark; to the Higgs couplings to γγ and γZ. We find that while the HL-LHC might be able to find new physics in the γZ sector, the scale of new physics in both sectors is mostly beyond its reach. However, accurate measurements of the leading couplings of the two sectors in the HL-LHC can place stringent limits on both the scale of new physics and on other Higgs couplings that are difficult to measure. In addition, the scale of new physics is mostly within the reach of the 100 TeV collider.
Replica wormholes and holographic entanglement negativity
Authors: Dong Xi , McBride Sean , Weng Wayne W. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recent work has shown how to understand the Page curve of an evaporating black hole from replica wormholes. However, more detailed information about the structure of its quantum state is needed to fully understand the dynamics of black hole evaporation. Here we study entanglement negativity, an important measure of quantum entanglement in mixed states, in a couple of toy models of evaporating black holes. We find four phases dominated by different types of geometries: the disconnected, cyclically connected, anti-cyclically connected, and pairwise connected geometries. The last of these geometries are new replica wormholes that break the replica symmetry spontaneously. We also analyze the transitions between these four phases by summing more generic replica geometries using a Schwinger-Dyson equation. In particular, we find enhanced corrections to various negativity measures near the transition between the cyclic and pairwise phase.
Mechanisms of chronic alcohol exposure-induced aggressiveness in cellular model of HCC and recovery after alcohol withdrawal
Authors: Marié Constance , Fouquet Grégory , Courtois Anoïsia , Amrathlal Rabbind Singh , Jankovsky Nicolas , Ouled-Haddou Hakim , Tebbakha Riad , Bouhlal Hicham , Nguyen-Khac Éric , Naassila Mickaël , Marcq Ingrid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlcohol-related liver disease is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, accounting for 30% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and HCC-specific deaths. However, the knowledge on mechanisms by which alcohol consumption leads to cancer progression and its aggressiveness is limited. Better understanding of the clinical features and the mechanisms of alcohol-induced HCC are of critical importance for prevention and the development of novel treatments. Early stage Huh-7 and advanced SNU449 liver cancer cell lines were subjected to chronic alcohol exposure (CAE), at different doses for 6 months followed by 1-month alcohol withdrawal period. ADH activity and ALDH expression were much lower in SNU449 compared with Huh-7 cells and at the 270 mM dose, CAE decreased cell viability by about 50% and 80%, respectively, in Huh-7 and SNU449 cells but induced mortality only in Huh-7 cells. Thus, Huh-7 may be more vulnerable to ethanol toxicity because of the higher levels of acetaldehyde. CAE induced a dose-dependent increase in cell migration and invasion and also in the expression of cancer stem cells markers (CD133, CD44, CD90). CAE in Huh-7 cells selectively activated ERK1/2 and inhibited GSK3β signaling pathways. Most of the changes induced by CAE were reversed after alcohol withdrawal. Interestingly, we confirmed the increase in CD133 mRNA levels in the tumoral tissue of patients with ethanol-related HCC compared to other HCC etiologies. Our results may explain the benefits observed in epidemiological studies showing a significant increase of overall survival in abstinent compared with non-abstinent patients.
Beurteilung des neuromuskulären Funktionszustands bei Berufssportlern
Authors: Bartels Thomas , Schwesig René , Brehme Kay , Pyschik Martin , Pröger Stefan , Laube Wolfgang , Kurz Eduard 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren wurden bedeutende Fortschritte in den chirurgischen Techniken, der postoperativen Rehabilitation und der Identifizierung von Risikofaktoren für eine zweite Verletzung des vorderen Kreuzbands (VKB) gemacht. Dies führte jedoch nicht zu einer Verringerung des sekundären VKB-Verletzungsrisikos. Die Wiederherstellung der anatomischen (operative Rekonstruktion) und anschließend insbesondere der trainingsbedingten funktionellen Stabilität sollte eine grundlegende Voraussetzung für die Rückkehr zu Pivot-Sportarten nach einer VKB-Verletzung sein. Das VKB hat eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Kniepropriozeption mit der Konsequenz einer eingeschränkten sensomotorischen Regulation im Verletzungsfall. Das Perturbationstraining stellt eine große Herausforderung in der spätrehabilitativen Phase nach VKB-Rekonstruktion dar. Die Diagnostik der Muskelaktivierung im Rehabilitationsverlauf nach VKB-Rekonstruktion hat deshalb eine enorme Bedeutung. Mit der entwickelten Software können Charakteristika der motorischen Einheiten knieführender Muskeln zeitnah objektiviert und somit eine mögliche Überlastung bei hochreaktivem Perturbationstraining im Rahmen der spätrehabilitativen Phase nach VKB-Rekonstruktion vermieden werden.
Contributions of oceanic and continental AAM to interannual variation in ΔLOD with the detection of 2020–2021 La Nina event
Authors: Xu Xue-Qing , Zhou Yong-Hong , Duan Peng-Shuo , Fang Ming , Kong Zhao-Yang , Xu Can-Can , An Xian-Ran 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a strong climate element on interannual scales, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major component of global weather and climate change, and it is also closely related to the interannual atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) and length-of-day changes (ΔLOD). Here, we reprocess and compare the interannual variations of AAM, ΔLOD with ENSO indices, with AAM mass and motion terms calculated over land separately from those over the ocean. Three oscillatory components (at ~ 6, ~ 7, ~ 8 years), due to angular momentum changes in Earth's interior, are removed to obtain the interannual ΔLOD solely related to climatic variations. Our results show that the AAM motion term over the ocean contributes the most to interannual ΔLOD, and that the oceanic AAM has larger variability than that over land, especially during the periods of strong ENSO events. After subtracting contributions associated with interior processes, the interannual ΔLOD anomalies corresponding to extreme ENSO events (1982–1983 ~ 0.43, 1997–1998 ~ 0.36, 2015–2016 ~ 0.42 ms) are about half as strong as those found in previous studies (~ 0.91, ~ 0.76, ~ 0.81 ms). Furthermore, we detect an intermediate La Nina event that occurred from August 2020 to May 2021, forcing the interannual ΔLOD to a minimum value of approximately -0.21 ms.
Ethnicity evaluation of ferric pyrophosphate citrate among Asian and Non-Asian populations: a population pharmacokinetics analysis
Authors: Zhang Lingxiao , Gan Liangying , Li Kexin , Xie Panpan , Tan Yan , Wei Gang , Yuan Xiaojuan , Pratt Raymond , Zhou Yongchun , Hui Ai-Min , Fang Yi , Zuo Li , Zheng Qingshan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the potential ethnic differences of ferric pyrophosphate citrate (FPC, Triferic) in healthy subjects and patients with hemodialysis-dependent stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD-5HD) and identify covariates that may influence pharmacokinetics (PK) of FPC.

Methods
Data were collected from 2 Asian and 4 non-Asian clinical studies involving healthy subjects and CKD-5HD patients. Three population PK models were developed: M1 for intravenous (IV) administration of FPC in healthy subjects; M2 for dialysate administration of FPC in CKD-5HD patients; M3 for pre-dialyzer administration of FPC in CKD-5HD patients. All the models were fitted to concentration versus time data of FPC using the nonlinear mixed effect approach with the NONMEM® program. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4.

Results
In total, 26 Asians and 65 non-Asians were included in the final model analysis database. Forty healthy subjects were administered FPC via intravenous (IV) route and 51 patients with CKD-5HD via dialysate (N = 50) and pre-dialyzer blood circuit administration (N = 51). The PK parameters of FPC IV were similar. The population PK model showed good parameter precision and reliability as shown by model evaluation, and no relevant influence of ethnicity on PK parameters was observed. In healthy subjects, the maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) decreased with increase in lean body mass (LBM) and the average serum total iron at 6 h before the baseline period (Feav), whereas, in both patient populations, Cmax and AUC decreased with increase in LBM and decrease in Febaseline. Other factors such as gender, age, Feav, and ethnicity had no influence on PK exposures in patients. The influence of LBM on PK exposures in patients was smaller than that in healthy subjects (ratio of AUC0-24 for the 5th [68 kg] and 95th [45 kg] patient’s LBM was almost 1). The influence of Feav and LBM on PK exposures was < 50%.

Conclusion
The population pharmacokinetics model successfully described the PK parameters of FPC in healthy subjects and CKD-5HD patients and were comparable between Asian and non-Asian populations.
Coherence resonance in paleoclimatic modeling
Authors: Bosio Aurelien , Salizzoni Pietro , Camporeale Carlo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThrough a unified mathematical framework, the stochastic behavior of three celebrated low-order lumped models, previously proposed for paleoclimate simulations, is considered. Due to the coherence resonance mechanism, the feedbacks between noise and the dynamical system reproduce the hallmark of the Pleistocene climate, i.e. the 100 ky pulsation, in a range of the model parameters that is unexpectedly wide and far from the original modeling setting. In this way, the issue of arbitrary coefficient tuning of lumped approaches in paleoclimatology can be partially bypassed. A stability analysis of the considered dynamical systems allowed the parameter space to be exploited, in order to separate the deterministic-dominated region from the stochastic-dominated region. Noise intensity is varied and the closeness in the parameter space to Hopf bifurcations and/or bistable conditions is investigated in order to understand what conditions make the models prone to coherence resonance with a 100-ky pulsation, with or without the forcing induced by varying astronomical parameters.
Inflammation of the rectal remnant endangers the outcome of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: a case–control study
Authors: Frese Jan P. , Gröne Jörn , Lauscher Johannes C. , Kreis Martin E. , Weixler Benjamin , Beyer Katharina , Seifarth Claudia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Inflammation of the rectal remnant may affect the postoperative outcome of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to determine the extent of inflammation in the anastomotic area during IPAA and to investigate the impact of proctitis on postoperative complications and long-term outcomes.

Methods
Three hundred thirty-four UC patients with primary IPAA were included in this retrospective case–control study. The histopathologic degree of inflammation in the anastomotic area was graded into three stages of no proctitis (“NOP”), mild to medium proctitis (“MIP”), and severe proctitis (“SEP”). Preoperative risk factors, 30-day morbidity, and follow-up data were assessed. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed in the event of pouch failure.

Results
The prevalence of proctitis was high (MIP 40.4%, and SEP 42.8%). During follow-up, the incidence of complications was highest among SEP: resulting in re-intervention (n = 40; 28.2%, p = 0.017), pouchitis (n = 36; 25.2%, p < 0.01), and pouch failure (n = 32; 22.4%, p = 0.032). The time interval to pouch failure was 5.0 (4.0–6.9) years among NOP, and 1.2 (0.5–2.3) years in SEP (p = 0.036). ASA 3, pouchitis, and pouch fistula were independent risk factors for pouch failure.

Conclusion
Proctitis at the time of IPAA is common. A high degree of inflammation is associated with poor long-term outcomes, an effect that declines over time. In addition, a higher degree of proctitis leads to earlier pouch failure.
Incidence and risk factors of spinal cord stimulation for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar spine surgery: a population-based study
Authors: Huttunen Jukka , Fraunberg Mikael von und zu , Ikäheimo Tiina-Mari , Jyrkkänen Henna-Kaisa , Nissen Mette , Leinonen Ville , Salmenkivi Jyrki , Malmivaara Antti , Sirola Joonas , Sund Reijo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to elucidate the incidence of and independent risk factors for spinal cord stimulator implantations for patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery.

Methods
The PERFormance, Effectiveness, and Cost of Treatment (PERFECT) episodes database, which was established for selected diseases and procedures in Finland, includes all patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery for degenerative spine conditions or spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in Finland from 1986 to 2018. The data on age, sex, hospital diagnoses, surgical procedures, and causes of death were imported from the Finnish national registers into the PERFECT database.

Results
Between 1986 and 2018, 157,824 patients had their first lumbar spine procedure and for 1769 (1.1%) of them, a subsequent SCS procedure was observed during the follow-up. The cumulative incidence of SCS for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar disk herniation, spinal stenosis, degenerative disk disease, and spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis surgery at 15 years was 1.2%, 1.0%, 2.7%, and 2.6% respectively. At 15 years, the cumulative incidence of SCS for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar spine surgery after five or more lumbar spinal operations was 11.9%.

Conclusion
Repeated surgery was the most prominent significant risk factor for SCS for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar spine surgery. The risk of SCS for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar spine surgery increases significantly along with the number of lumbar spine procedures. When considering repeated lumbar spine surgery, careful evaluation of treatment options should take place to ensure good patient outcomes.
A Micro–macro Damage Mechanics-based Model for Fatigue Damage and Life Prediction of Fiber-reinforced Composite Laminates
Authors: Qi Wenxuan , Yao Weixing , Shen Haojie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA multidirectional damage model was proposed to predict fatigue damage evolution and final failure of composite laminates in this paper. A damage characterization model for composite laminates was established to characterize the influence of three main damage modes on the damaged mechanical behavior of composite laminates at micro–macro level. The damage evolution model was also established based on damage mechanics to predict the evolution of the three damage modes and stiffness degradation of composite laminates by means of damage characterization model. Then, a relationship between residual stiffness and residual strength was introduced, from which the residual strength could be obtained according to the predicted residual stiffness. When the residual strength is calculated to decrease to the maximum applied stress of fatigue loading after several cycles, the composite laminate was assumed to fail, and accordingly the fatigue life could be obtained. In order to verify the model, the predicted stiffness degradation and fatigue life of two cross-ply laminates under fatigue loadings with different stress levels were compared to experimental results. The standard derivation of stiffness degradation and average errors of fatigue between prediction results and experimental results were less than 0.1 and 8.26%, respectively, indicating the effectiveness and reliability of proposed model.
Understanding the application of handwritten text recognition technology in heritage contexts: a systematic review of Transkribus in published research
Authors: Nockels Joe , Gooding Paul , Ames Sarah , Terras Melissa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHandwritten Text Recognition (HTR) technology is now a mature machine learning tool, becoming integrated in the digitisation processes of libraries and archives, speeding up the transcription of primary sources and facilitating full text searching and analysis of historic texts at scale. However, research into how HTR is changing our information environment is scant. This paper presents a systematic literature review regarding how researchers are using one particular HTR platform, Transkribus, to indicate the domains where HTR is applied, the approach taken, and how the technology is understood. 381 papers from 2015 to 2020 were gathered from Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, then grouped and coded into categories using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Published research that mentions Transkribus is international and rapidly growing. Transkribus features primarily in archival and library science publications, while a long tail of broad and eclectic disciplines, including history, computer science, citizen science, law and education, demonstrate the wider applicability of the tool. The most common paper categories were humanities applications (67%), technological (25%), users (5%) and tutorials (3%). This paper presents the first overarching review of HTR as featured in published research, while also elucidating how HTR is affecting the information environment.