bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Watching the human retina breath in real time; the slowing of mitochondrial respiration with age in dark adaptation
Authors: Kaynezhad Pardis , Tachtsidis Ilias , Sivaprasad Sobha , Jeffery Glen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The retina has the greatest metabolic demand in the body particularly in dark adaptation when its sensitivity is enhanced. This requires an elevated levels of perfusion to sustain mitochondrial activity. However, mitochondrial performance declines with age leading to reduced adaptive ability. We assessed human retinal metabolism in vivo using broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bNIRS), which records colour changes in mitochondria and blood as retinal metabolism shifts in response to changes in environmental luminance. We demonstrate a significant sustained rise in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the first 3 min of darkness in subjects under 50 years old. This was not seen in over 50s. Choroidal oxygenation declines in <50s as mitochondrial metabolism increases, but gradually rises in >50s. Significant group differences in blood oxygenation are apparent in the first 6 min, consistent with mitochondrial demand leading hemodynamic changes. A greater coupling between mitochondrial oxidative metabolism with hemodynamics is revealed in subjects older than 50, possibly due to reduced capacity in the older retina. Rapid in vivo assessment of retinal metabolism with bNIRS provides a route to understanding fundamental physiology and early identification of retinal disease before pathology is established.
Does gender moderate the association between socioeconomic status and health? Results from an observational study in persons with spinal cord injury living in Morocco
Authors: Limacher Regula , Hajjioui Abderrazak , Fourtassi Maryam , Fekete Christine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Socioeconomic status (SES) and gender are well-known social determinants of health. However, their impact on health in populations with physical disabilities in low- or middle-income countries is still lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate associations of individual SES with health and the moderating effect of gender on this association in a Moroccan population with a physical disability, namely spinal cord injury.
Methods
Cross-sectional survey data from 385 participants with spinal cord injury living in Morocco were analysed. SES was operationalized by education level, household income, financial hardship, and subjective social status. Health indicators included secondary conditions, pain, vitality, quality of life, and general health. Associations between SES and health indicators were investigated using linear and logistic regressions. To test the potential moderation of gender, interaction terms between SES and gender were introduced in regression models.
Results
Financial hardship and lower subjective social status were associated with poorer health outcomes in four out of five indicators in the total sample. In contrast, education and income were inconsistently associated with health. Overall, gender did not moderate the association between SES and health, except that educational inequalities in general health were more pronounced in women, and the observation of a trend for a stronger negative effect of subjective social status on men’s than woman’s health (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
This study revealed that subjective indicators of SES negatively impact on health, whereas evidence for the moderating role of gender in this association was weak. These findings underline the importance to reduce social marginalization and poverty in populations with disabilities in low- or middle-income countries to reduce their double burden of living with a disability and encountering social disadvantages through low SES.
Electro-optic Tunable Grating-assisted Optical waveguide Directional Coupler in Lithium Niobate
Authors: Li Jun Hui , Chen Kai Xin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

In this paper, a high-performance electro-optical tunable grating-assisted directional coupler (GADC) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Our proposed GADC consists of a two-mode waveguide (TMW) and a single-mode waveguide (SMW) formed with lithium niobite (LN). By introducing a long-period waveguide grating into the side-wall of the TMW to compensate for the phase mismatch of the fundamental modes of the SMW and TMW, the fundamental modes of the two waveguides can be coupled efficiently each other at a specific wavelength. Furthermore, push-pull electrode structure is introduced to achieve the electro-optic (EO) tuning function featuring high speed, low driving voltage, and large tuning range. The best LN GADC we fabricated on x-cut LN substrate using annealing proton exchange process shows a high isolation of ~ 34 dB at 1532.9 nm wavelength, quite large EO tuning efficiency of 1.195 nm/V (1526.4-1549.1 nm) or 1.736 nm/V (1576.1-1602.2 nm), and a thermo-optic tuning efficiency of 0.128 nm/°C (22 °C-60 °C). Our proposed LN GADC can find applications in the fields of high-speed tunable wavelength filtering, mode filtering, and EO modulation.
Fe-N/C nanozyme with specifically boosted peroxidase-like activity for ultrasensitive colorimetric bioanalysis
Authors: Xi Shumin , Cao Mengrui , Wang Ding , Zhao Renyong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the field of analytical spectroscopy, nanozymes have a wide range of possible uses. Herein, annealing was used to create a Fe-N-doped carbon (Fe-N/C) nanozyme that is abundant in functional Fe-Nx structural domains. Further experimental analysis revealed that the Fe-N/C nanozyme possessed catalytic activity and substrate affinity comparable to that of natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and can catalyze chromogenic substrate in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), accompanied by the production of colored oxidation products. Based on the reduction of ascorbic acid (AA), which could inhibit the oxidation of the chromogenic substrate and result in a decrease in the system's absorbance intensity, ultrasensitive colorimetric biosensing for AA determination was established. The outcomes demonstrated a wide linear range (0.1 µM to 160 µM), low detection limit (0.03 µM, 3 s/k), and favorable anti-interference ability. Finally, this sensor was successfully applied to actual samples with recoveries in the range of 92-106%, demonstrating satisfactory practicability. This approach will, most importantly, serve as a foundation for the development of high-performance colorimetric sensors, opening new avenues for bioanalysis and safety monitoring.
Glucose-Lignin-Based Phenolic Resin: An Environmentally Friendly Low-Formaldehyde Wood Adhesive
Authors: Yang Kaiyan , Gong Xiaowu , Yang Gaoshan , Bai Lanli , Huang Jin , Zhou Na , Jia Xin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a low-formaldehyde and environmentally friendly phenol-formaldehyde resin wood adhesive was prepared by directly using lignin to substitute formaldehyde, which was further modified by glucose to improve the physical, mechanical, and curing properties. The results showed that when the replacing amount of lignin to formaldehyde reached 15 wt%, the physical properties of the prepared lignin-based-phenolic resin (LPF) can meet the Chinese national standard, and the bonding strength can increase by 21.9%, from 0.75 MPa to 0.96 MPa, compared with phenolic resin (PF). The addition of glucose boost the performance of wood adhesive, for example, the free phenol content of the obtained glucose-lignin-based phenolic resin (GLPF) significantly reduced by 79.11%, from 5.60–1.17%, the bonding strength (1.19 MPa) of GLPF increased by 19.3% in comparison to LPF, and the curing temperature of GLPF decreased by 13.08%. FT-IR results showed that the main structure of the resin did not change before and after substitution by lignin and modification by glucose. The present study provides a simple and green method for preparing resins.
A 2700-yr record of Cascadia megathrust and crustal/slab earthquakes from Upper and Lower Squaw Lakes, Oregon
Authors: (Ross) Ann E. Morey , Goldfinger Chris 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We infer a ~2,700-year history of Cascadia megathrust and other earthquakes from two small mountain lakes located ~100 km inland of the coast near the California/Oregon border. We use the characteristics of disturbance deposits in the historic portion of the sediment cores from the lower lake to identify a deposit from the 1700 CE Cascadia earthquake (deposit J). This deposit is composed of light-colored silt (indicating it is enriched in watershed-sourced sediment), without visible mica grains (which would indicate a lake bedrock source), organic grading of the deposit tail, and a basal contact with evidence of rapid loading.
Seven deposits downcore have some of the characteristics of deposit J. An age-depth model suggests that the five deposits most similar to deposit J (including deposit J) correlate to the largest margin-wide marine turbidite event deposits from Goldfinger et al., 2012, (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6), whereas the two deposits with some of the characteristics are potential correlatives of smaller turbidites T5a and T5b. Other thinner deposits are temporal correlatives of T2a and T3a and other smaller deposits of uncertain origin. Lake core physical property data can be correlated to those from other regional lake records and offshore cores. These results suggest that small Cascadia lakes with sufficient sedimentation rates (~1-2 cm/decade) with mixed clastic and organic sedimentation may be good recorders of earthquakes, that subduction earthquake deposits are different from those from other types of earthquake deposits and deposits from other types of disturbances, such as floods.
Molecular epidemiologic factors contributing to quinolone resistance in clinical multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Yan , Cai Guoping , Zhang Jinan , Xu Xiaogang , Lu Hongzhou 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe soaring quinolone-resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, a common pathogen in immunocompromised individuals, has seriously undermined the wide applications of antimicrobials of this class. This study aimed to investigate the emerging key contributors to quinolone-resistance in multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae (MDR-KP) isolates from a clinical setting with continuing point-source infection outbreaks in Shanghai, China. ResultsBetween January and March 2017, a total of 34 K. pneumoniae isolates, including 30 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP), were selected and characterized from a teaching hospital participating in an ongoing Bacterial Resistance Surveillance Project in Shanghai, China. Two predominant high-risk CRKP clones, ST11-wzi64 and ST15-wzi19/wzi24, caused three point-source nosocomial outbreaks in intensive care unit and/or neurosurgery department potentially by respiratory-route, promoting the co-selection and evolution of multidrug-resistant determinants. Multiple quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations occurred in isolates of ST15 (S83F, D87A; S80I), ST11 (S83I, D87G; S80I), and ST218 (D87A; S80I). Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants, qnrS1, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, oqxAB, were detected in 32 (94.1%) isolates alone or in combination, spreading accompanied with β-lactamases (mainly, KPC-2-type carbapenemase and CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase), 16S rRNA methylases (ArmA and RmtB), and putrescine ABC transporter permease (PotI) variants, independently of QRDR-mutations. AcrR, AcrAB transcriptional repressor, was insertion-inactivated by IS5-transposase in isolates of ST11. Thirteen ompK36 variants associated with specific ST (n=7) and wzi-allele (n=9) clustered into 10 (sub)lineages in the phylogenetic tree possibly affecting the MDR phenotype and the infection outcome of isolates. Isolates of ST11, ST15, and ST218 had frameshift disruptions in OmpK35 coupled with specific GD-insertion at position 134-135 in OmpK36, all showing distinct microevolution clusters of ompK36 genotypes. Seven quinolone-susceptible isolates kept the porin genes integral, including two each CRKPs of ST13-wzi74 (carbapenemase KPC-2 and NDM-1-coproducers) and ST65-wzi72. ConclusionsUnder selective pressures, accumulation of mutations of three types (QRDR, AcrR, OmpK36/OmpK35) and acquisition of resistance-conferring genes has been continuously contributing to quinolone-resistance in clinical MDR-KP isolates, reinforcing the importance of ongoing epidemiologic surveillance on the evolution and transmission of these isolates. Our findings provided detailed mechanistic analyses and epidemiologic implications for further infection control and antibiotic stewardship initiatives.
Review of hydraulic modelling approaches for intermittent water supply systems
Authors: Sarisen Dondu , Koukoravas Vasilis , Farmani Raziyeh , Kapelan Zoran , Memon Fayyaz Ali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Intermittent water supply (IWS) is widely used around the world, and with the increase in population and predicted future water scarcity, IWS applications seem to continue. While most of the existing studies on water supply concentrate on continuous water supply (CWS), the research focused on the IWS is now becoming mainstream. Hydraulic modelling is an effective tool for the process of planning, design, rehabilitation, and operation of water distribution systems. It helps significantly in engineers’ decision-making processes. The necessity of modelling IWS systems arises from the complexity and variety of problems caused by intermittency. This paper offers a review of the state-of-the-art IWS modelling and identifies the key strengths and limitations of the available approaches, and points at potential research directions. Currently, neither computer software nor a practically used approach is available for modelling IWS. For a rigorous simulation of IWS, system characteristics first need to be understood, i.e., the user behaviour under pressure-deficient conditions, water losses, and filling and emptying processes. Each of them requires further attention and improvement. Additionally, the necessity of real data from IWSs is stressed. Accurate modelling will lead to the development of improved measures for the problems caused by intermittency.
Research on pipe burst in water distribution systems: knowledge structure and emerging trends
Authors: Wang Chenwan , Xu Qiang , Qiang Zhimin , Zhou Yan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPipe bursts in water distribution systems (WDSs) lead to large water losses, pollution risks, and public discontent, attracting widespread attention from researchers and water utilities around the world. This study provides insights into the knowledge structure and emerging trends of pipe burst research from a bibliometrics perspective. We used 845 original research and review articles on pipe bursts in the period of January 1991 − June 2022 that cited 16,813 references in the CiteSpace® software for reference co-citation analysis. The results indicate that the knowledge structure of pipe burst research is classified into four categories including pipe burst mechanism, pipe burst detection, pipe burst prediction, and use of sensors. The entire research on pipe bursts advances remarkably. First, pipe burst prediction is the core research category with continuous efforts to improve prediction performance. Second, pipe burst detection is likely to define new research focus to extend existing research focus on pipe burst prediction. Third, computer science and technology are widely and increasingly applied in burst process simulation and data pattern analysis to increase accuracy and effectiveness. This study grasps a full view of current achievements in pipe burst research and provides guidance for future research directions and technological development.
Effect-based monitoring to integrate the mixture hazards of chemicals into water safety plans
Authors: Neale Peta A. , Escher Beate I. , de Baat Milo L. , Dechesne Magali , Deere Daniel A. , Enault Jérôme , Kools Stefan A. E. , Loret Jean-François , Smeets Patrick W. M. H. , Leusch Frederic D. L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWater safety plans (WSPs) are intended to assure safe drinking water (DW). WSPs involve assessing and managing risks associated with microbial, chemical, physical and radiological hazards from the catchment to the consumer. Currently, chemical hazards in WSPs are assessed by targeted chemical analysis, but this approach fails to account for the mixture effects of the many chemicals potentially present in water supplies and omits the possible effects of non-targeted chemicals. Consequently, effect-based monitoring (EBM) using in vitro bioassays and well plate-based in vivo assays are proposed as a complementary tool to targeted chemical analysis to support risk analysis, risk management and water quality verification within the WSP framework. EBM is frequently applied to DW and surface water and can be utilised in all defined monitoring categories within the WSP framework (including ‘system assessment’, ‘validation’, ‘operational’ and ‘verification’). Examples of how EBM can be applied within the different WSP modules are provided, along with guidance on where to apply EBM and how frequently. Since this is a new area, guidance documents, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and decision-making frameworks are required for both bioassay operators and WSP teams to facilitate the integration of EBM into WSPs, with these resources being developed currently.
On the Combination of Harmonics and Polynoms in Econometric Modeling of RUB/AZN Exchange Rate
Authors: Mamedova L. M. 
Published: November 2022

Conducting a combinational polynomial and spectral analysis of time series formed on the basis of daily observations of changes in the RUB/AZN exchange rate with pronounced fluctuations for the period 11.05.2017- 02.11.2018 based on computer econometric modeling.The purpose of the research. The possibility of describing the global rate dynamics by approximation with a combination of a nonlinear polynomial trend and harmonic oscillations of various frequencies relative to this curve; the ability to calculate amplitudes and phases, which can be used to estimate the power spectrum of the Fourier approximation; the ability to develop a high-precision algorithm for predicting exchange rate changes in RUB/AZN.Materials and methodology. The official statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan were used; classical methods of mathematical analysis and economic analysis; methods of econometrics, harmonic (Fourier) analysis, statistical spectral analysis, “Fourier analysis” of the MS Excel add-in, tools of the Eviews 8 application package with the standard deviation and average approximation error being taken into account, the necessary statistical procedures required for identifying and estimating the parameters of the model and checking its adequacy and accuracy.Results. By breaking up the empirical analysis of given time series into time-scale polynomial and time-frequency components. Combinations of the optimal degree of variants of polynomials up to the 11th degree and the number of harmonics of sines and cosines of all possible discrete frequencies were revealed.Conclusion. This result allows us to reconsider the asymmetric impact of RUB/AZN exchange rate pressure on the foreign trade balance between Russia and Azerbaijan. An increase/decrease in exchange rate pressure affects the likelihood of a ruble-manat crisis, while this phenomenon may negatively/positively affect the foreign trade balance and may make it difficult/easier to import resources, goods and services between countries. This, in turn, adds significance to the task of further detailed structuring and analysis of exchange rate changes in RUB/AZN in the face of increased sanction pressures against Russia, thereby actualizing the development of the retrospective part of the study.
Recent Nanoscale Carriers for Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease: Current Strategies and Perspectives
Authors: Zakharova Lucia , Gaynanova Gulnara , Vasilieva Elmira , Vasileva Leysan , Pavlov Rais , Kashapov Ruslan , Petrov Konstantin , Sinyashin Oleg 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:This review covers nanotherapeutic strategies for solving the global problems associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The most dramatic factor contributing humanistic, social and economic urgency of the situation is the incurability of the disease, with the drug intervention addressing only AD symptoms and retarding their progress. Key sources behind these challenges are the inability of the early diagnosis of AD, the lack of comprehensive information on the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis, the bloodbrain barrier obstacles, and the insufficient effectiveness of currently available drugs and therapeutic strategies. The application of nanocarriers allows part of these problems to be solved, together with the improvement of drug bioavailability, prolonged circulation, and overcoming/bypassing the biological barriers. To this date, numerous types and subtypes of nanocarriers are developed and reviewed, the majority of which can be adapted for the treatment of various diseases. Therefore, herein, nanotherapy strategies are specifically categorized in term of the administration routes of AD medicines, with the noninvasive, i.e., transdermal, oral, and intranasal routes emphasized. Further, benefits/ limitations of various nanocarriers are discussed, and perspectives of their application are highlighted.
Variants in CYP2J2 and CYP2C9 Contribute to Susceptibility of Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Chan , Li Qi , Cheng Yujing , Yang Xin , Chen Wanlu , He Kunhua , Chen Mingwei 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotic and carcinogen. In the study, we evaluated the association of CYP2J2 and CYP2C9 variants with lung cancer.

Method:
Five polymorphisms in CYP2J2 and four polymorphisms in CYP2C9 were genotyped in 507 lung cancer patients and 505 controls with Agena MassARRAY platform. The linkage of variants with lung cancer risk was evaluated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in genetic models and haplotype analyses.

objective:
To elucidate the relationship between the CYP2J2 and CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility, we have performed a case-control study.The results shown that these two genetic polymorphisms are associated with lung cancer risk.

Results:
We found that CYP2C9 rs1934967 alleles were associated with lung cancer risk (P < 0.05). In stratified analysis, rs2280274 (women, non-smoker, non-drinker and lymphatic metastasis), rs11207535 (non-smoker and non-drinker), rs10889159 (non-smoker and non-drinker) of CYP2J2, whereas rs1934967 (age ≤ 60m, BMI > 24, squamous carcinoma) of CYP2C9 decreased lung cancer risk (P < 0.05). In addition, the results of linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that rs2280274|rs4388726 - TG (with adjustment: P = 0.042) of CYP2J2 and rs10509679|rs1934967|rs1934968|rs9332220 – GTGG (without adjustment: P = 0.044) of CYP2C9 were linked with a significantly decreased lung cancer risk.

Conclusion:
Our results indicated genetic variants in CYP2J2 and CYP2C9 might contribute to the susceptibility of lung cancer in Chinese population.

result:
We found that CYP2C9 rs1934967 was significantly linked with lung cancer risk in allele (P = 0.045) and additive (P = 0.049) models. In stratified analysis, rs2280274 (women, non-smoker, non-drinker and lymphatic metastasis), rs11207535 (non-smoker and non-drinker), rs10889159 (non-smoker and non-drinker) of CYP2J2 and rs9332220 (smoker) of CYP2C9 significantly decreased susceptibility of lung cancer (P < 0> 24, squamous carcinoma) of CYP2C9 decreased lung cancer risk (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, two blocks of CYP2J2 and one block of CYP2C9 had strong linkages with increased risk of lung cancer.

other:
The authors had no conflicts of interest to declare.