bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The randomized, single‐ and multiple‐ ascending dose studies of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics of CSPCHA115 in healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: Jing Shan , Liu Wenfang , Yang Kexu , Lin Yang , Yao Xuekun , Sun Guilan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCSPCHA115 is a highly selective and potent antagonist of chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2). This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs), safety, and tolerability of single and multiple ascending doses of CSPCHA115 in Chinese healthy subjects. Two phase I studies both adopted a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐center, and ascending‐dose design. In the single ascending dose (SAD) study, subjects were randomly allocated to receive a single dose of CSPCHA115 (25–1000 mg) or a placebo. In the multiple ascending dose (MAD) study, 100, 200, 400, or 600 mg of CSPCHA115 or placebo were given to subjects once daily for 7 days. PK parameters were estimated by noncompartmental analysis. Safety was assessed by monitoring treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), clinical laboratory tests, electrocardiograms, vital signs, and physical examinations throughout the study period. Forty‐eight healthy subjects were enrolled in the SAD study, and 40 healthy subjects were in the MAD study. Following single and multiple administrations, CSPCHA115 was rapidly absorbed with a median time to maximum concentration of ~0.5–3.5 h; and the systemic exposure of CSPCHA115 generally increased dose‐proportionally within the dose range studied. Steady‐state was approximately achieved by day 5, and <1.5‐fold accumulation was observed following multiple doses. Mean terminal half‐life was ~8.16–16.43 h after a single dose. CSPCHA115 was well‐tolerated in both studies, with a low overall incidence of TEAEs. The most common TEAE related to CSPCHA115 was hypertriglyceridemia. No significant safety concerns were identified in healthy subjects.
Peripherally restricted oxytocin is sufficient to reduce food intake and motivation, while CNS entry is required for locomotor and taste avoidance effects
Authors: Asker Mohammed , Krieger Jean‐Philippe , Liles Amber , Tinsley Ian C. , Borner Tito , Maric Ivana , Doebley Sarah , Furst C. Daniel , Börchers Stina , Longo Francesco , Bhat Yashaswini R. , De Jonghe Bart C. , Hayes Matthew R. , Doyle Robert P. , Skibicka Karolina P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesOxytocin (OT) has a well‐established role in reproductive behaviours; however, it recently emerged as an important regulator of energy homeostasis. In addition to central nervous system (CNS), OT is found in the plasma and OT receptors (OT‐R) are found in peripheral tissues relevant to energy balance regulation. Here, we aim to determine whether peripheral OT‐R activation is sufficient to alter energy intake and expenditure.Methods and ResultsWe first show that systemic OT potently reduced food intake and food‐motivated behaviour for a high‐fat reward in male and female rats. As it is plausible that peripherally, intraperitoneally (IP) injected OT crosses the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) to produce some of the metabolic effects within the CNS, we screened, with a novel fluorescently labelled‐OT (fAF546‐OT, Roxy), for the presence of IP‐injected Roxy in CNS tissue relevant to feeding control and compared such with BBB‐impermeable fluorescent OT‐B12 (fCy5‐OT‐B12; BRoxy). While Roxy did penetrate the CNS, BRoxy did not. To evaluate the behavioural and thermoregulatory impact of exclusive activation of peripheral OT‐R, we generated a novel BBB‐impermeable OT (OT‐B12), with equipotent binding at OT‐R in vitro. In vivo, IP‐injected OT and OT‐B12 were equipotent at food intake suppression in rats of both sexes, suggesting that peripheral OT acts on peripheral OT‐R to reduce feeding behaviour. Importantly, OT induced a potent conditioned taste avoidance, indistinguishable from that induced by LiCl, when applied peripherally. Remarkably, and in contrast to OT, OT‐B12 did not induce any conditioned taste avoidance. Limiting the CNS entry of OT also resulted in a dose‐dependent reduction of emesis in male shrews. While both OT and OT‐B12 proved to have similar effects on body temperature, only OT resulted in home‐cage locomotor depression.ConclusionsTogether our data indicate that limiting systemic OT CNS penetrance preserves the anorexic effects of the peptide and reduces the clinically undesired side effects of OT: emesis, taste avoidance and locomotor depression. Thus, therapeutic targeting of peripheral OT‐R may be a viable strategy to achieve appetite suppression with better patient outcomes.
Non‐target noctuids from traps with synthetic Spodoptera frugiperda pheromone lure in the Carpathian Basin, Central Europe
Authors: Szanyi Szabolcs , Nagy Antal , Varga Zoltán , Tóth Miklós 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most important invasive noctuid pests. Its appearance and rapid spread can be monitored with sex pheromone traps, but the catches can be confused by catches of non‐target similar species. Here we present non‐target catches of commercial pheromone traps of S. frugiperda in the Carpathian basin, which is a potential area of the pest. Sizable catches of Cucullia umbratica (L.), Agrotis bigramma (Esper), and Allophyes oxyacanthae (L.), common noctuids in East‐Central Europe, were recorded in numerous sampling sites. Although they can be distinguished from the target species by their different morphology, it is necessary to draw the attention of agricultural experts to their possible presence in the traps to avoid misleading conclusions.
Dynamic distribution modelling of the swamp tigertail dragonflySynthemis eustalacta(Odonata: Anisoptera: Synthemistidae) over a 20‐year bushfire regime
Authors: Goodman Aaron M. , Kass Jamie M. , Ware Jessica 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntensity and severity of bushfires in Australia have increased over the past few decades due to climate change, threatening habitat loss for numerous species. Although the impact of bushfires on vertebrates is well‐documented, the corresponding effects on insect taxa are rarely examined, although they are responsible for key ecosystem functions and services. Understanding the effects of bushfire seasons on insect distributions could elucidate long‐term impacts and patterns of ecosystem recovery.Here, the authors investigated the effects of recent bushfires, land‐cover change, and climatic variables on the distribution of a common and endemic dragonfly, the swamp tigertail (Synthemis eustalacta) (Burmeister, 1839), which inhabits forests that have recently undergone severe burning. The authors used a temporally dynamic species distribution modelling approach that incorporated 20 years of community‐science data on dragonfly occurrence and predictors based on fire, land cover, and climate to make yearly predictions of suitability. The authors also compared this to an approach that combines multiple temporally static models that use annual data.The authors found that for both approaches, fire‐specific variables had negligible importance for the models, while the percentage of tree and non‐vegetative cover were most important. The authors also found that the dynamic model outperformed the static ones, based on cross‐validation omission rate. Model predictions indicated temporal variation in area and spatial arrangement of suitable habitat, but no patterns of habitat expansion, contraction, or shifting.These results highlight not only the efficacy of dynamic modelling to capture spatiotemporal variables such as vegetation cover for an endemic insect species, but also provide a novel approach to mapping species distributions with sparse locality records.
Discordant pattern between realised and fundamental saline niches in two supralittoral Ochthebius species (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)
Authors: Mirón‐Gatón Juana María , Botella‐Cruz María , García‐Meseguer Antonio José , Millán Andrés , Velasco Josefa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Determining the saline niche of the congeneric and co‐existing species that inhabit supralittoral rockpools subjected to extremely fluctuating saline conditions is a crucial concern to understand their spatial distributions and occurrence, and to predict their ability to face increasing environmental instability due to climate change.
Therefore, we compared the realised and fundamental saline niches of Ochthebius quadricollis and Ochthebius lejolisii (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
A realised niche was determined using field data on the abundance of the adults and larvae of both species.
A fundamental niche was addressed with laboratory experiments by measuring the survival of the adults and larvae and the egg‐hatching success exposed to different salinity treatments (35, 60, 90, 110, 140 and 170 g L−1).
Our study found a discordant pattern between realised and fundamental niches. Both species are euryhalines and support extreme salinity fluctuations from 1.80 to almost 140 g L−1, and O. quadricollis larvae in the field withstand up to 180 g L−1.
However, physiological tolerance was greater in O. lejolisii than in O. quadricollis, and O. lejolissi adults survived in the laboratory at 170 g L−1 for more than 3 days with 30% egg‐hatching success, whereas O. quadricollis showed a maximum survival time of 2 days and no egg‐hatching success at that salinity.
The larvae and eggs of both species were more tolerant than adults.
The two studied species exhibited high physiological capacity to tolerate extremely fluctuating salinity, which will be exacerbated by climate change.
Soil texture and pH affect soil CO2 efflux in hardwood floodplain forests of the lower middle Elbe River
Authors: Heger Adrian , Becker Joscha N. , Vásconez Lizeth K. , Holl David , Eschenbach Annette 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFloodplain ecosystems play a significant role in the global carbon (C) cycle, particularly due to their C sink potential in hardwood floodplain forests. However, in these forests, interactions between a heterogeneous micro‐relief and anthropogenic landscape changes make estimating C loss through soil CO2 efflux difficult. To determine the drivers of soil CO2 efflux, we selected six hardwood floodplain forests at the lower middle Elbe River, which were distributed among different relief positions (low‐lying or high‐elevated) in the active and former flooding zone. We measured soil CO2 effluxes over a full year using the closed‐chamber method. Based on the response of soil CO2 efflux to soil moisture and temperature, annual efflux rates were determined, which were then related to soil properties, such as pH, texture, soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) content. Soil CO2 efflux ranged between 1006 (±99) and 2214 (±118) gC m−2 year−1. Maximum efflux occurred in a former floodplain forest that was disconnected from Elbe River water table fluctuations. SOC‐specific soil CO2 efflux (gC gSOC−1 year−1) was smallest in low‐lying forests of the active flooding zone and reflected by the appearance of redoximorphic mottling close to the soil surface. Fine texture (<6.3 μm), SOC and N were related positively and electric conductivity, C/N and pH negatively to total soil CO2 efflux. Soil pH and fine texture were the strongest univariate predictors for total soil CO2 efflux (both R2 = 0.59). Fine texture, pH and C/N ratio explained 66% of the variance in total soil CO2 efflux according to multiple linear regression. We conclude that, in hardwood floodplain forests, soil CO2 efflux is mainly controlled by fine texture and soil pH. Fine texture can be related to soil moisture and nutrient availability and may have a positive effect on the activity of microorganisms.Highlights
Soil CO2 efflux ranged between 1006 (±99) and 2214 (±118) gC m2 year−1, whereby the maximum was measured in a disconnected floodplain forest
Maximum soil CO2 efflux was measured in a disconnected floodplain forest
SOC‐specific soil CO2 efflux was smallest in forests where redoximorphic mottling occurred close to the surface
Fine texture (<6.3 μm) and pH were the strongest predictors for annual soil CO2 efflux
Using model simulation to evaluate soil loss potential in diversified agricultural landscapes
Authors: Koch Tobias , Deumlich Detlef , Chifflard Peter , Panten Kerstin , Grahmann Kathrin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAgricultural production is facing a challenging transition through changing political framework conditions and climate change. Innovative field use and land management through temporal and spatial diversification measures support the political efforts to achieve the European Green Deal. However, increasing precipitation intensities through climate change are leading to an increased risk of soil erosion by water. To mitigate such risk, soil erosion should be taken into account when redesigning fields and landscapes. This paper aims to assess the present erosion risk situation in the innovative on‐farm field experiment “patchCROP” with several implemented spatio‐temporal crop diversification measures (field size, flower strips, crop rotation), using the physically‐based Erosion 3D simulation model at the field scale. The modelling results showed that field reshaping from one large field into smaller field segments had the potential to reduce soil erosion. Flower strips reduced the sediment discharge to approximately half of that of small field segments without flower strips. However, as model results indicated, heterogeneous landscapes showed complex erosion and deposition patterns. To identify these, making use of physically based soil erosion models in new field arrangements is a critical future task.Highlights
Evaluation of a physically based soil erosion model that can be integrated into field re‐design.
Patch crop systems promise to enable higher spatial field diversification.
Equal consideration of minor site‐specific topography and modified field design needed to prevent soil erosion.
Physically based soil erosion models offer a powerful tool to optimise design of future cropping systems.
Manganese reduction regulates soil organic carbon loss from an acidified Cambisol
Authors: Zhou Shiwei , Kong Jiaming , Song Zhizhong , Zhang Xiaolong , Bi Xiaoli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoil acidification has occurred and accelerated in Jiaodong Peninsula, China, causing serious problems, such as manganese (Mn) toxicity and soil organic carbon (SOC) losses. However, the relationships between SOC and soil Mn are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the changes of Mn fractions and SOC under soaking conditions and the acidification‐induced positive coupled relationship between them. A sequential extraction for Mn species after acid soaking of a Cambisol was conducted, and the soil (pre‐ and post‐soaking) was characterised by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that acidification of a Cambisol (from pH 6.48 to pH 2.79) induced SOC losses (15.8% of initial SOC). Meanwhile, lower mobile or immobile Mn (especially oxide‐Mn) significantly decreased, accompanied by an increase in readily soluble Mn. It was further shown that the amount of decrease in free Mn reached 268.7 mg kg−1, accounting for 93.8% of the total loss of soil Mn, indicating that the reductive dissolution of amorphous Mn (III/IV) oxides is the dominant reaction in acidified Cambisols. This result was also supported by XRD and SEM. Correlation analysis showed that under soil acidification, the reductive dissolution of amorphous Mn (III/IV) oxides drove losses of both SOC and soil Mn. Therefore, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed: at neutral and alkaline pH, immobile complexes of Mn (III/IV) and particulate organic carbon (POC) formed; and, at acidic pH, readily mobile complexes of Mn (II) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) formed. Our research suggested that Mn‐organic carbon complexes regulated the transport, transformation, and leaching of soil Mn and SOC, and future research should focus on the soil acidification‐driven Mn reduction‐carbon oxidation processes.Highlights
Acidification accelerated soil organic carbon losses.
Acidification induced reductive dissolution of amorphous Mn (III/IV) oxides.
A positive couple relationship between SOC and soil Mn existed in acidified soils.
Maternal cannibalistic preferences affect offspring preferences and development in Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): A transgenerational investigation
Authors: Yadav Tripti , Omkar  , Mishra Geetanjali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCannibalism has been widely reported across taxa. However, the heritability and expression of cannibalistic traits have been least explored. The variation in the expression of cannibalism is likely to exist amongst the population affecting the propensity of cannibalism. Thus, to know whether the mother has any role in the transgenerational transmission of this trait in a ladybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus, we studied the interaction between maternal and offspring prey preferences and its effect on, development duration and body weight of offspring over generations. An insignificant effect of maternal dietary history on offspring prey preference was observed across generations except for the non‐cannibalistic adults who significantly preferred aphids over eggs. The long‐term detrimental effect of cannibalism was found in cannibals with increased developmental duration and decreased body weight of offspring over generations. In conclusion, the results show that maternal diet did not affect the offspring preferences in M. sexmaculatus but cannibalism had a profound generational effect on the cannibalistic propensity, development and body weight of offspring across generations shows that larval dietary history and nutritional composition of prey contribute to the expression of cannibalistic behaviour across generations.
Early‐warning signal recognition methods in flawed sandstone subjected to uniaxial compression
Authors: Lei Ruide , Berto Filippo , Hu Chao , Lu Zhaohui , Yan Xufeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo investigate the precursor information related to rock fracturing, a series of indoor uniaxial compression tests are conducted on flawed sandstone. Four methods of identifying potential precursors to rock catastrophic failure, namely, cumulative acoustic emission (AE) activity, AE b‐value, inter‐event time function, and critical slowing down, are discussed. The results show that the four precursory identification methods can reasonably identify the early‐warning signal, subcritical failure, and final catastrophic failure of flawed sandstone involving the whole loading process. The minimum b‐value is correspondingly obtained when the specimen approaches failure. The inter‐event rate of AE multi‐parameters shows a significant increase, following a power law distribution. By comparison with the other three precursor identification methods, the time intervals of AE parameters‐based variance between the precursory signal and its corresponding tripping points become increasingly shortened. Additionally, the precursory characteristics of variance of AE multi‐parameters are more accurate and reliable than that of autocorrelation coefficient.
Microstructural characteristics and its correlation to mechanical properties of additively manufactured nickel‐base superalloy upon heat treatments
Authors: Pei Changhao , Yuan Huang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe IN718 superalloy was additively manufactured in three different heat treatment states and three loading directions (0°, 45°, 90°). The anisotropic mechanical properties were investigated based on microstructural analysis and related to the orientation and heat treatments. The differences in mechanical performances are attributed to the precipitation hardening and the impediment of dislocation motion from
particles. The preferential epitaxial grain growth along the building direction and the resulting
texture are considered responsible for the anisotropic tensile strength. The Weibull distribution and the area‐weighted grain diameter were presented to characterize the grain distributions. The Hall–Petch relation was established to correlate the directional grain size and the yield strength of AM IN718, which further illustrated the dominance of precipitates in strengthening mechanisms and the effects of subgrain boundaries.
Revisiting the role of early life growth for survival potential in three clupeoid species
Authors: Tanaka Shota , Togoshi Shizuna , Yasue Naotaka , Burns Corinne M. , Robert Dominique , Takasuka Akinori 
Published: December 2022

AbstractJohan Hjort's “critical period” hypothesis, which postulates that year‐class strength is determined in the short period following the onset of exogenous feeding, has rarely been supported by empirical data. Instead, the current understanding is that recruitment is determined by cumulative mortality throughout early life. Recent studies relied on the measure of growth autocorrelation derived from otolith daily increment widths to test the link between growth rate achieved during the post‐hatch period and during subsequent phases of the larval stage. Based on this approach, we revisit the role of larval growth in driving survival potential in three clupeoid species: Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus, Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus, and Pacific round herring Etrumeus micropus throughout the larval stage, using a combination of published datasets of otolith increment widths. Strong growth autocorrelation was detected for all three species throughout the larval stage, suggesting that initial growth determines to some extent growth rates achieved later in life. The extent of autocorrelation was reduced in sardine relative to anchovy and round herring at older ages. This interspecific difference could be attributed to differences in sensitivity to variability of environmental factors such as water temperature and food availability. The present findings suggest that the effect of early growth rate persists into later life stages for driving survival potential, which could reconcile the classic concept of “critical period” and the current “growth–survival” paradigm.