bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Patienthood
Authors: Chochinov Harvey Max 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter sets the stage by offering readers an appreciation for what shapes patients’ responses to changing health circumstances and their encounters with healthcare providers and healthcare systems. It carefully guides readers through the complexities of understanding why patients react as they do based on the specifics of the healthcare ailment or concern, the associated uncertainty of what is happening, the perceived threat, the meaning they ascribe to those changes, and the personal characteristics and circumstances of the individual entering into patienthood. This chapter also describes how these reactions shift dynamics in personal identity, altering the balance between patienthood and personhood. Appreciating these issues is important, given that we need to know why someone is reacting the way they are before being able to drill down into how to respond to them.
Is the Integration Problem in the Sensoriomotor System the Cause of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?
Authors: Payas Ahmet , Batin Sabri , Kurtoğlu Erdal , Arik Mustafa , Seber Turgut , Uçar İlyas , Unur Erdoğan 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
The reason behind the balance control disorder seen in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been suggested as a central nervous system dysfunction, yet it has not been investigated in detail whether this problem originates from sensory, motor, or from both systems. This study aimed to reveal the differences in the pathways that provide proprioceptive sense, motor control, and coordination between these 2 systems in female individuals with AIS.

Methods:
Brain Diffusion Tensor Imaging was applied to 30 healthy individuals and 30 Lenke type 1 AIS patients. All of the individuals included in the study were predominantly right-handed and aged between 10 and 18. Diffusion tensor imaging of both groups were performed bilateral tractography on the corticospinal tract (CS tr), medial lemniscus (ML), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) tracts using DSI Studio software.

Results:
Significant differences in the parameters of CS tr, ML, SLF, ILF pathways were found between the AIS and the control groups. In the AIS group, significant differences were found in the fiber count and fiber ratio of the ML that carries the proprioceptive sense and CS tr, which is responsible for the somatomotor system. There were also significant differences between the left and right CS tr, ML, SLF, and ILF pathways of the AIS group (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Differences in the CS tr, ML, SLF, and ILF pathways may trigger muscular asymmetry and cause postural instability and thus spinal deformity in AIS.
Molecular Characterization of Adult Tumors Diagnosed as Cerebellar Glioblastomas Identifies Subgroups Associated With Prognosis
Authors: Picart Thiébaud , Poncet Delphine , Barritault Marc , Bauchet Luc , Zouaoui Sonia , Guyotat Jacques , Gabut Mathieu , Fina Frédéric , Honnorat Jérôme , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Pallud Johan , Ducray François , Meyronet David ,   French Brain Tumor Database,   ANOCEF
Published: November 2022

Adult tumors diagnosed as cerebellar glioblastoma (cGBM) are rare and their optimal classification remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of cGBM based on targeted molecular analysis. cGBM diagnosed between 2003 and 2017 were identified from the French Brain Tumor Database and reviewed according to the WHO 2021 classification. The following molecular alterations were studied: IDH1/2, H3F3A, FGFR1, BRAF, TERT promoter mutations, EGFR amplification, MGMT promoter methylation, and alternative lengthening of telomere status. DNA methylation profile was assessed in a subset of cases. Eighty-three cGBM were included and could be classified into 6 mutually exclusive subgroups associated with median age at diagnosis (MA) and prognosis: TERT-mutant and/or EGFR-amplified tumors (n=22, 26.5%, MA=62 y, median overall survival [OS]=4 mo), H3K27M-mutant tumors (n=15, 18.1%, MA=48 y, median OS=8 mo), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway–activated tumors (FGFR1, BRAF mutation, or occurring in neurofibromatosis type I patients, n=15, 18.1%, MA=48 y, median OS=57 mo), radiation-associated tumors (n=5, 6%, MA=47 y, median OS=5 mo), IDH-mutant tumors (n=1), and unclassified tumors (n=25, 30.1%, MA=63 y, median OS=17 mo). Most MAPK pathway–activated tumors corresponded to high-grade astrocytomas with piloid features based on DNA methylation profiling. In multivariate analysis, MAPK pathway–activating alterations, ATRX loss of expression, and alternative lengthening of telomere positivity were independently associated with a better outcome and TERT/EGFR alterations with a worse outcome. cGBM display an important intertumoral heterogeneity. Targeted molecular analysis enables to classify the majority of tumors diagnosed as cGBM into mutually exclusive and clinically relevant subgroups. The presence of MAPK pathway alterations is associated with a much better prognosis.
The DrosophilaDopamine 2-like receptor D2R(Dop2R) is required in the Blood Brain Barrier for male courtship
Authors: Love Cameron R. , Gautam Sumit , Lama Chamala , Le Nhu Hoa , Dauwalder Brigitte 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe blood brain barrier (BBB) has the essential function to protect the brain from potentially hazardous molecules while also enabling controlled selective uptake. How these processes and signaling inside BBB cells control neuronal function is an intense area of interest. Signaling in the adultDrosophilaBBB is required for normal male courtship behavior and relies on male-specific molecules in the BBB. Here we show that the dopamine receptorD2Ris expressed in the BBB and is required in mature males for normal mating behavior. Conditional adult male knockdown ofD2Rin BBB cells causes courtship defects. The courtship defects observed in geneticD2Rmutants can be rescued by expression of normalD2Rspecifically in the BBB of adult males.DrosophilaBBB cells are glial cells. Our findings thus identify a specific glial function for theDR2receptor and dopamine signaling in the regulation of a complex behavior.
Genetic mapping of craniofacial traits in the Mexican tetra reveals loci associated with bite differences between cave and surface fish
Authors: Powers Amanda K. , Hyacinthe Carole , Riddle Misty , Kim Young Kwang , Amaismeier Alleigh , Thiel Kathryn , Martineau Brian , Ferrante Emma , Moran Rachel , McGaugh Suzanne , Boggs Tyler , Gross Joshua B. , Tabin Clifford J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Mexican tetra,Astyanax mexicanus, includes interfertile surface-dwelling and cave-dwelling morphs, enabling powerful studies aimed at uncovering genes involved in the evolution of cave-associated traits. Compared to surface fish, cavefish harbor several extreme traits within their skull, such as a protruding lower jaw, a wider gape, and an increase in tooth number. These features are highly variable between individual cavefish and even across different cavefish populations. To investigate these traits, we created a novel feeding behavior assay wherein bite impressions could be obtained. We determined that fish with an underbite leave larger bite impressions with an increase in the number of tooth marks. Capitalizing on the ability to produce hybrids from surface and cavefish crosses, we investigated genes underlying these segregating orofacial traits by performing Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis with F2hybrids. We discovered significant QTL for bite (underbite vs. overbite) that mapped to a single region of theAstyanaxgenome. This work highlights cavefish as a valuable genetic model for orofacial patterning and will provide insight into the genetic regulators of jaw and tooth development.
A novel approach to conducting business research after COVID-19: incorporating crisis elements in the study frameworks
Authors: Seshadri Usha , Kumar Pranav 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
To understand how to deal with high effect situations, like that associated with COVID-19, in the future, many economists, academics and business leaders are drawing parallels between the 2008 financial crisis and the current pandemic. This study aims to explore how crisis elements can be considered while strategizing for business research despite the minimal possibility of an emergency occurring. Also, research in crisis management is fragmented, resulting in isolated components guiding businesses through crises. This research emphasizes the relative scarcity of a comprehensive crisis management framework.

Design/methodology/approach
COVID-19 has been the biggest crisis the world has ever confronted, and businesses require an innovative strategy to address it. Towards keeping the data set involved in this study targeted and manageable, articles are selected from peer-reviewed journals based on a purposive sampling method. In addition, the research used reports from consulting firms and government and nongovernment organizations to understand current trends in business research.

Findings
The findings revealed that for a firm to survive a crisis, it must ensure its plans are aligned with the trends that would allow it to grow during the crisis. Rather than entirely changing the track, strategies should be guided by the company's existing resource availability and capabilities. The techniques used must ensure the company's profitability or limit losses, thus ensuring long-term viability. Real-life examples from the current pandemic have shown how firms who recognized crisis characteristics could survive the pandemic and profited multiple times.

Originality/value
It presents an integrated, sector-agnostic crisis management framework based on literature, business managers' insights and lessons from the current pandemic. Precrisis, crisis arrival, crisis management and crisis experience are the four phases of the framework. The study proposes future research directions to scholars in applying the framework and its enhancement concerning the upcoming crisis possibilities.
The relationship between institutional ownership and idiosyncratic volatility: evidence from the stock markets of China and the USA
Authors: Hu Yu , Jiang Xiaoquan , Xue Wenjun 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis paper investigates the relationship between institutional ownership and idiosyncratic volatility in Chinese and the USA stock markets and explores the potential explanations.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors use the panel data regressions and the dynamic tests of two-way Granger causality in the panel VAR model to examine the relationship between institutional ownership and idiosyncratic volatility in Chinese and the USA stock markets.FindingsThe authors find that the institutional ownership in the Chinese (the USA) stock market is significantly and positively (negatively) related to idiosyncratic volatility through various tests. This paper indicates that institutional investors in the USA are more prudent and risk-averse, while the Chinese institutional investors are not because of high risk-bearing capacity.Originality/valueThis paper deepens the authors’ understanding on the relationship between institutional ownership and idiosyncratic volatility and in the USA and the Chinese stock markets. This paper explains the opposite relationships between institutional ownership and idiosyncratic volatility in the stock markets in China and USA.
Motivations behind SME greenfield investment in emerging markets
Authors: Ti Lian-Lin , Ng Boon-Kwee , Rasiah Rajah 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis paper identifies the motivations for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) when they undertake greenfield foreign direct investment (FDI) into an emerging market. It elucidates the factors that influence SMEs to choose a fully equity-based investment despite the significant risks and commitments involved with greenfield FDI.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study uses case study research based on interviews conducted with managers and founders of 16 German SMEs that have established greenfield operations in Malaysia.FindingsBuilding upon the transaction cost theory, five major motivations are identified that drive greenfield choice among the SMEs. The results imply that SME motivation for greenfield is derived from a combination of strategic asset-seeking determinants and culturally driven reactions to external and behavioral uncertainty. The results also ascertain that these motivations have less to do with the size and revenue of the firm, but hinge on the SMEs’ inner antecedents such as asset specificity, international experience, proprietary knowledge and ownership mode.Originality/valueThe findings clarify the literature on equity-based entry mode for SMEs in emerging economies, enabling a closer understanding of the organizational and dynamic experiences and an overview of the auxiliary competencies these companies have to compete in the global market. The conceptual insights and empirical evidence derived from this study contribute to the intellectual discourse and managerial implications in the field of internationalization strategies of SMEs, particularly from developed countries into emerging markets via greenfield FDI.
IMAGINING A DECOLONIZED CITY IN AND FROM AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Kiddle Rebecca , Elkington Bianca , Ross Mike , Mercier Ocean Ripeka , Thomas Amanda , Gjerde Morten , Smeaton Jennie , Arona Tui , Mawer Chantal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImagining decolonized cities creates space to explore how urban places could strip away colonial dominance and restore the ability of Indigenous people to live, know and be. In this essay, we describe one attempt to create such space. While working in Porirua in Aotearoa New Zealand, we ran an urban design competition, hosted workshops with young people and held a symposium. Through all three phases we drew on utopian thinking to imagine beyond the current constraints of urban form in Aotearoa New Zealand to consider how cities might reflect the diverse realities of Māori. While this approach is an attempt at generating hopeful geographies, it also sat in tension with (post)colonial realities, such as racist attempts by white people to claim Indigeneity, and the ongoing need for land to be returned to Indigenous people. We argue that envisioning how cities might be decolonized is useful and needs to be rooted in the particular politics of place, but this imagining needs to be paired with action to confront persistent colonialism.
Superiority of ceftazidime off‐label high‐dose regimen in PK/PD target attainment during treatment of extensively drug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cancer patients
Authors: Zavrelova Alzbeta , Sima Martin , Malakova Jana , Rozsivalova Petra , Paterova Pavla , Zak Pavel , Visek Benjamin , Michalickova Danica , Slanar Ondrej , Radocha Jakub 
Published: November 2022

AimThe objective of this study was to evaluate off‐label high‐dose ceftazidime population pharmacokinetics in cancer patients with suspected or proven extensively drug‐resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and then to compare the achievement of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target after standard and off‐label high‐dose regimens using population model‐based simulations. A further aim was to clinically observe the occurrence of adverse effects during the off‐label high‐dose ceftazidime treatment.MethodsIn patients treated with off‐label high‐dose ceftazidime (3 g every 6 h), blood samples were collected and ceftazidime serum levels measured using LC–MS/MS. A pharmacokinetic population model was developed using a nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling approach and Monte Carlo simulations were then used to compare standard and high‐dose regimens for PK/PD target attainment.ResultsA total of 14 cancer patients with serious infection suspected of XDR P. aeruginosa aetiology were eligible for PK analysis. XDR P. aeruginosa was confirmed in 10 patients as the causative pathogen. Population ceftazidime volume of distribution was 13.23 L, while clearance started at the baseline of 1.48 L/h and increased by 0.0076 L/h with each 1 mL/min/1.73 m2 of eGFR. High‐dose regimen showed significantly higher probability of target attainment (i.e., 86% vs. 56% at MIC of 32 mg/L). This was translated into a very low mortality rate of 20%. Only one case of reversible neurological impairment was observed.ConclusionWe proved the superiority of the ceftazidime off‐label high‐dose regimen in PK/PD target attainment with very low occurrence of adverse effects. The off‐label high‐dose regimen should be used to optimize treatment of XDR P. aeruginosa infections.
Spatial relationship of localized sources of persistent atrial fibrillation identified by a unipolar‐based automated algorithm to complex fractionated atrial electrocardiograms and atrial low voltage areas
Authors: Nagase Takahiko , Kato Ryuichi , Asano So , Fukunaga Hiroshi , Yoshida Yoshinori , Hayashi Yosuke , Sekiguchi Yukio , Nanasato Mamoru , Nitta Junichi , Isobe Mitsuaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionSpatial characteristics of localized sources of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) identified by unipolar‐based panoramic mapping software (CARTOFINDER) remain unclear. We evaluated spatial characteristics of bi‐atrial AF localized sources in relation to complex fractionated atrial electrocardiograms (CFAEs) and atrial low voltage area (LVAs) (≤0.35 mV during AF).Methods and ResultsTwenty consecutive patients with persistent AF underwent bi‐atrial voltage, CFAE, and CARTOFINDER mapping before the beginning of ablation (18 [90%] patients, initial procedure; 2 [10%] patients, repeat procedure). CFAEs were recorded using the interval confidence level (ICL) mode and defined as sites with a confidence level of ≥80% of maximal ICL number. We elucidated the following: (1) differences in the rate of AF localized sources and CFAEs inside or outside the atrial LVAs; (2) distribution of AF localized sources and CFAEs; and (3) distance between the closest points of AF localized sources and CFAEs.A total of 270 AF localized sources and 486 CFAEs were identified in 20 patients. AF localized sources were confirmed more often outside atrial LVAs than CFAEs (71% vs. 46% outside LVA, p < .001). AF localized sources and CFAEs were diffusely distributed without any tendency in bi‐atria. Mean distance between closest AF localized sources and CFAEs was 22 ± 8 mm.ConclusionAF localized sources identified by CARTOFINDER are different therapeutic targets as compared to CFAEs and could be confirmed both inside and outside atrial LVAs.
Usability, acceptability and clinical utility of a mobile app to screen for hearing loss in older adults in a geriatric rehabilitation hospital
Authors: Kobewka Daniel , Ruller Sydney , Daly Blake , Mark Fraser Amy E. , Bromwich Matt , Sveistrup Heidi , Wilson Kumanan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRationaleHearing loss is a common problem for older adults entering rehabilitation hospitals.Aims and ObjectivesTo pilot a hearing loss screening device to determine feasibility, usability, and impact on patient outcomes.MethodsWe screened all patients newly admitted to a geriatric day hospital for hearing loss using the SHOEBOX® QuickTest (SHOEBOX Ltd.) app as part of a quality improvement programme. We measured the time it took for each patient to complete screening and recorded any issues they had using the app. We recorded the number of patients who screened positive who did not have a previous diagnosis and changes in physician behaviours after they received their patients' results.ResultsSeventy‐four patients with a mean age of 83.4 years used the hearing screener. All patients were able to complete the screening with a mean time to completion of 10 min and 48 s. Ninety‐nine percent of patients screened positive for hearing loss. Of these positives 56% were in participants not already known to have hearing loss. Physicians often changed their behaviour after receiving results by using assistive devices during visits and referring to audiology for formal testing.ConclusionsScreening for hearing loss is feasible in a geriatric day hospital. The SHOEBOX QuickTest app is acceptable, usable, resulting in the identification of undiagnosed hearing loss and in changes to physician behaviour.
How should river embankments be spatially developed, from the upstream section or the downstream section?
Authors: Koma Taisei , Kono Tatsuhito , Kazama So 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing an economic model of how river embankments affect local residents, we explore the efficiency of embankment construction from two viewpoints: (1) which section of a river should be constructed first, the upstream or downstream section, and (2) how tall the embankments should be constructed depending on the section. For this purpose, we first develop a model to determine efficient construction of embankments using a hydraulic model. Then, we perform numerical simulations, which are calibrated with recorded ground data for the Kitakami and Abukuma Rivers. The results reveal that the construction from the upstream section can be efficient if the upstream section has a much larger population than the downstream section. We show that constructing higher embankments in the upstream section generates negative externalities in the downstream section because it increases the possibility of flooding in the downstream section. In addition, when the amount of inflow from tributaries into the downstream section is sufficiently large compared to that into the upstream section, embankments with efficient heights bring about Pareto improvements, giving benefit to residents in the downstream section as well as the upstream section. Moreover, we show that the efficient embankment heights depend on which section the construction starts from.
Bilateral septal pacing in combination with coronary venous pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Li Jialin , He Jiaqi , Yu Haibo , Xu Guoqing , Gao Yang , Xu Baige , Wang Zulu , Han Yaling , Liang Yanchun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundConventional right ventricular pacing combined with coronary venous pacing (CVP) is a mainstay for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, QRS duration of conventional CRT may be frequently more than 130 ms. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of QRS narrowing by bilateral septal pacing (BSP) in combination with CVP for CRT (BSP‐CRT).MethodsFourteen patients with QRS > 130 ms of conventional CRT after failure of physiological conduction system pacing were enrolled. Electrophysiologic characteristics were compared among different modes of CRT during procedure. BSP which was defined as capture of both sides of interventricular septum manifested as shortened R wave peak time without a right bundle branch block QRS pattern.ResultsBSP‐CRT were successfully achieved in 85.7% (12/14) patients. QRS duration at baseline was 185 ± 13 ms and significantly narrowed to 156 ± 9 ms during conventional CRT (n = 14, P < .001), to 143 ± 7 ms during left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP) in combination with CVP for CRT (LVSP‐CRT) (n = 9, P < .001), and further to 122 ± 10 ms during BSP‐CRT (n = 12, P < .001). Notably, among 7 patients in whom both LVSP and BSP were achieved, BSP‐CRT outperformed LVSP‐CRT at QRS narrowing by 16% (P < .001). At 3‐month follow‐up, left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 29 ± 6% to 41 ± 8% (P < .001).ConclusionsBSP‐CRT resulted in superior acute electrical synchronization to conventional CRT and might be considered as an alternative to conventional CRT with QRS more than 130 ms.