bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jacobian of solutions to the conductivity equation in limited view
Authors: Salo Mikko , Schlüter Hjørdis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The aim of hybrid inverse problems such as Acousto-Electric Tomography or Current Density Imaging is the reconstruction of the electrical conductivity in a domain that can only be accessed from its exterior. In the inversion procedure, the solutions to the conductivity equation play a central role. In particular, it is important that the Jacobian of the solutions is non-vanishing. In the present paper we address a two-dimensional limited view setting, where only a part of the boundary of the domain can be controlled by a non-zero Dirichlet condition, while on the remaining boundary there is a zero Dirichlet condition. For this setting, we propose sufficient conditions on the boundary functions so that the Jacobian of the corresponding solutions is non-vanishing. In that regard we allow for discontinuous boundary functions, which requires the use of solutions in weighted Sobolev spaces. We implement the procedure of reconstructing a conductivity from power density data numerically and investigate how this limited view setting affects the Jacobian and the quality of the reconstructions.
IQGAP1 promotes chronic pain by regulating the trafficking and sensitization of TRPA1 channels
Authors: Khan Shakil , Patra Pabitra Hriday , Somerfield Hannah , Benya-Aphikul Hattaya , Upadhya Manoj , Zhang Xuming 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
TRPA1 channels have been implicated in mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in chronic pain. But how TRPA1 mediates this process is unclear. Here we show that IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 is responsible using a combination of biochemical, molecular, Ca2+ imaging and behavioural approaches. TRPA1 and IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 bind to each other and are highly colocalized in sensory dorsal root ganglia neurons in mice. The expression of IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 but not TRPA1 is increased in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. However, TRPA1 undergoes increased trafficking to the membrane of dorsal root ganglia neurons catalysed by the small GTPase Cdc42 associated with IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1, leading to functional sensitization of the channel. Activation of protein kinase A is also sufficient to evoke TRPA1 trafficking and sensitization. All these responses are, however, completely prevented in the absence of IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1. Concordantly, deletion of IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 markedly reduces mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain in mice. IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 thus promotes chronic pain by coupling the trafficking and signalling machineries to TRPA1 channels.
Free Access to Direct-Acting Antivirals in Spain: More Favorable Impact on Hepatitis C Mortality Among Highly Educated People
Authors: Politi Julieta , Regidor Enrique , Donat Marta , Pulido José , Guerras Juan Miguel , Barrio Gregorio , Belza María José 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2015, hepatitis C treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) became free and widespread in Spain, significantly reducing hepatitis C–related mortality. However, health interventions can sometimes widen health inequalities. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of DAA treatment on hepatitis C–related mortality by educational level.MethodsWe analyzed deaths from hepatitis C, unspecified liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, alcohol-related liver diseases, other liver diseases, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease among individuals living in Spain during 2012–2019 and aged ≥25 years. We calculated age-standardized mortality rates per million person-years by period, sex, and education. Using quasi-Poisson segmented regression models, we estimated the annual percent change in rates in pre- and postintervention periods by education level and the relative inequality index (RII).ResultsHepatitis C mortality rates among low, middle, and highly educated people decreased from 25.2, 23.2, and 20.3/million person-years in the preintervention period to 15.8, 13.7, and 10.4 in the postintervention period. Mortality rates from other analyzed causes also decreased. Following the intervention, downward trends in hepatitis C mortality accelerated at all education levels, although more in highly educated people, and the RII increased from 2.1 to 2.7. For other analyzed causes of death, no favorable changes were observed in mortality trends, except for liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, HIV disease, and alcohol-related liver disease among higher educated people.ConclusionsResults suggest that DAA treatments had a very favorable impact on hepatitis C mortality at all education levels. However, even in a universal and free healthcare system, highly educated people seem to benefit more from DAA treatment than less educated people.
Quantification and modelling of post-seismic deformation following the 2013 September 24 Mw 7.7 earthquake in the Makran region, Pakistan
Authors: Bascou Pascale , Jouanne François 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARY
On 2013 September 24, an earthquake of magnitude Mw 7.7 occurred on the Hoshab Fault in southern Pakistan, south of the 650-km-long Chaman Fault, within the eastern Makran accretionary wedge. This earthquake was caused predominantly by strike-slip faulting. To quantify the post-seismic deformation following this large earthquake, we used ascending and descending Sentinel-1 data over the period 2014 November–2017 December. The deformation time-series over these 3 years shows that the post-seismic deformation was not linear over the time. To determine the mechanisms that may have driven post-seismic deformation, such as after-slip or a combination of after-slip and viscous relaxation, we explored some models, including after-slip only, and a combination of after-slip and viscous relaxation, to identify the best fit between the observed and simulated deformation time-series. Our results indicate that after-slip was the main mechanism controlling the post-seismic deformation. The introduction of a basal flat fault in the modelling improves the fit between the model results and the time-series obtained from the satellite images This basal fault is located at a depth of 18 km, has a northward dip of 7° and corresponds to the basal décollement level of the Makran accretionary prism.
Spatially heterogeneous nonlinear signal in Antarctic ice-sheet mass loss revealed by GRACE and GPS
Authors: Jiao Jiashuang , Pan Yuanjin , Zhang Xiaohong , Shum C K , Zhang Yu , Ding Hao 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYNonlinear trends (i.e. quadratic trends, usually defined as accelerations) in Antarctic ice mass loss due primarily to the complex climate warming forcing regimes have induced large uncertainty to future sea level projection. Here, we quantify the nonlinear and spatially varying mass losses in the Antarctic ice sheet during the last two decades using the satellite gravimetry data collected by Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its successor GRACE Follow-On. We use a regional inversion methodology to generate the mass change time-series over Antarctica. Our findings reveal that seven regions have evidenced significant nonlinear mass change. These regions are all concentrated along the coast of Antarctica and show spatially heterogeneous mass balance nonlinear trend patterns. Among them, the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE) and the Dronning Maud Land (DML) are found to be particularly sensitive to short-term climate variability. The GRACE-inferred nonlinear mass balance signal can be confirmed by independent Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, and the difference between the nonlinear vertical deformation trends estimated by GRACE and GPS, especially in ASE, is likely due to the imperfect correction of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) effect. For Antarctic ice sheet as a whole, GRACE satellite gravimetry indicates an ice mass loss of −101.3 ± 18.0 Gt yr−1, with an accelerated loss of −6.4 ± 1.3 Gt yr−2 during 2002–2021.
On the 𝔸1-Invariance of K2 Modeled on Linear and Even Orthogonal Groups
Authors: Lavrenov Andrei , Sinchuk Sergey , Voronetsky Egor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Let $k$ be an arbitrary field. In this paper, we show that in the linear case ($\Phi =\mathsf {A}_{\ell }$, $\ell \geq 4$) and even orthogonal case ($\Phi = \mathsf {D}_{\ell }$, $\ell \geq 7$, $\textrm {char}(k)\neq 2$), the unstable functor $\textrm {K}_{2}(\Phi , -)$ possesses the $\mathbb {A}^{1}$-invariance property in the geometric case, that is, ${\textrm {K}}_{2}(\Phi , R[t]) = {\textrm {K}}_{2}(\Phi , R)$ for a regular ring $R$ containing $k$. As a consequence, the unstable ${\textrm {K}}_{2}$ groups can be represented in the unstable $\mathbb {A}^{1}$-homotopy category $\mathscr {H}_{\bullet }(k)$ as fundamental groups of the simply-connected Chevalley–Demazure group schemes $\textrm {G}(\Phi ,-)$. Our invariance result can be considered as the ${\textrm {K}}_{2}$-analogue of the geometric case of Bass–Quillen conjecture. We also show for a semilocal regular $k$-algebra $A$ that ${\textrm {K}}_{2}(\Phi , A)$ embeds as a subgroup into ${\textrm {K}}^{\textrm {M}}_{2}(\textrm {Frac}\,A)$.
Large Orbits on Markoff-Type K3 Surfaces over Finite Fields
Authors: O’Dorney Evan M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study the surface $\mathcal {W}_k: x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + x^2 y^2 z^2 = k x y z$ in $(\mathbb {P}^1)^3$, a tri-involutive K3 (TIK3) surface. We explain a phenomenon noticed by Fuchs, Litman, Silverman, and Tran: over a finite field of order $\equiv 1$ mod $8$, the points of $\mathcal {W}_4$ do not form a single large orbit under the group $\Gamma $ generated by the three involutions fixing two variables and a few other obvious symmetries, but rather admit a partition into two $\Gamma $-invariant subsets of roughly equal size. The phenomenon is traced to an explicit double cover of the surface.
Assessing Validity of the Original and Rasch Versions of the Central Sensitization Inventory with Psychophysical Tests in People with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Roby Naym Uddin , Packham Tara , MacDermid Joy C , Carlesso Lisa C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
To determine the extent of agreement between the original Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) and the Rasch-calibrated version (RC-CSI) and to explore the association of both versions with psychophysical tests and their respective sensitivity and specificity.

Methods
Patients with knee osteoarthritis who were enrolled in a multicenter cohort study in Montreal, Canada, completed the original CSI, the RC-CSI, and psychophysical tests (i.e., pressure pain thresholds, temporal summation, conditioned pain modulation) according to standardized protocols. Bland-Altman analyses assessed the agreement between the original CSI and the RC-CSI; Spearman correlations and chi-squared analyses evaluated the association between the two CSI scores and the psychophysical tests. A CSI cut point of 40 and an RC-CSI cut point of 31.37 were used. Receiver operating characteristic curves and the resulting sensitivity and specificity with psychophysical tests were also analyzed.

Results
Two hundred ninety-three participants were included (58.7% female, mean age of 63.6 years, and body mass index 31.9 kg/m2). The original CSI and RC-CSI mean difference, 3.3/8.2, t(292) = 8.84 (P &lt; 0.001), was significantly different and indicated a small bias. Small but significant inverse correlations were found for the original CSI and RC-CSI scores with pressure pain thresholds at the forearm and patella, with variance explained ranging from 0.01 to 0.12. The largest area under the curve suggested cut points of 23 (CSI) and 25 (RC-CSI) with 80.9% sensitivity and 38.5% specificity.

Conclusions
Because of poor variance explained with psychophysical tests and high false positive rates, our results indicate that there is little clinical value of using either version of the CSI in people with knee osteoarthritis.
Evaluating the Impact of Anatomical Partitioning on Summary Topologies Obtained with Bayesian Phylogenetic Analyses of Morphological Data
Authors: Casali Daniel M , Freitas Felipe V , Perini Fernando A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMorphological data are a fundamental source of evidence to reconstruct the Tree of Life, and Bayesian phylogenetic methods are increasingly being used for this task. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses require the use of evolutionary models, which have been intensively studied in the past few years, with significant improvements to our knowledge. Notwithstanding, a systematic evaluation of the performance of partitioned models for morphological data has never been performed. Here we evaluate the influence of partitioned models, defined by anatomical criteria, on the precision and accuracy of summary tree topologies considering the effects of model misspecification. We simulated datasets using partitioning schemes, trees, and other properties obtained from two empirical datasets, and conducted Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Additionally, we reanalyzed 32 empirical datasets for different groups of vertebrates, applying unpartitioned and partitioned models, and, as a focused study case, we reanalyzed a dataset including living and fossil armadillos, testing alternative partitioning hypotheses based on functional and ontogenetic modules. We found that, in general, partitioning by anatomy has little influence on summary topologies analyzed under alternative partitioning schemes with a varying number of partitions. Nevertheless, models with unlinked branch lengths, which account for heterotachy across partitions, improve topological precision at the cost of reducing accuracy. In some instances, more complex partitioning schemes led to topological changes, as tested for armadillos, mostly associated with models with unlinked branch lengths. We compare our results with other empirical evaluations of morphological data and those from empirical and simulation studies of the partitioning of molecular data, considering the adequacy of anatomical partitioning relative to alternative methods of partitioning morphological datasets. [Evolutionary rates; heterogeneity; morphology; Mk model; partition; topology.]
Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation After COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Ramadan Haidi Karam-Allah , Hassan Wesam , Elossily Nahed Ahmed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reactivation of different viruses after COVID-19 vaccination has been identified, such as hepatitis C virus, herpes viruses, and Epstein Barr virus. In this case, a middle-aged female patient treated for hepatitis B virus (HBV) by tenofovir and developed persistent hepatitis B envelope antigen seroconversion with lack of viremia. She received the first dose of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Three days later, manifestations of acute hepatitis occurred. The liver enzymes were elevated; alanine aminotransferase was 286 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 160 U/L, HBV DNA level 208,000 IU/L and HBs Ag level 2944 IU/L. Retreatment by tenofovir was initiated and symptoms improved with reduction of liver enzymes. Three months later, liver enzymes became at normal level. This is considered the first report of HBV reactivation after COVID-19 vaccine. Patients with HBV infection who stopped HBV treatment after hepatitis B envelope antigen seroconversion should be closely monitored after COVID-19 vaccination for the possibility of HBV reactivation to determine if it is a true causality or just an association.
Prepandemic Mental Health and Well-being
Authors: Silver Sharon R. , Li Jia , Marsh Suzanne M. , Carbone Eric G. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Occupational stress and diminished well-being among health care workers were concerning even before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic exacerbated existing stressors and created new challenges for this workforce. Research on the mental health of health care workers has focused on physicians and nurses, with less attention to other occupations.

Methods
To assess pre–coronavirus disease mental health and well-being among workers in multiple health care occupations, we used 2017 to 2019 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Results
Across the health care workforce, insufficient sleep (41.0%) and diagnosed depression (18.9%) were the most common conditions reported. Counselors had the highest prevalence of diagnosed depression. Health care support workers had elevated prevalences for most adverse health conditions.

Conclusions
Ensuring a robust health care workforce necessitates identifying and implementing effective occupation-specific prevention, intervention, and mitigation strategies that address organizational and personal conditions adversely affecting mental health.
External validation of Chronic Liver Failure-Consortium Acute Decompensation score in the risk stratification of cirrhotic patients hospitalized with acute variceal bleeding
Authors: Zhu Zongyi , Jiang Huiqing 
Published: December 2022

Background and objective
Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is a serious life-threatening complication of cirrhosis. This study aimed to validate the predictive value of Chronic Liver Failure-Consortium Acute Decompensation score (CLIF-C ADs) in the risk stratification of cirrhotic patients hospitalized with AVB.

Methods
A total of 235 cirrhotic patients with AVB and without acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) were retrospectively enrolled. The discrimination, calibration, overall performance and clinical utility of CLIF-C AD were evaluated and compared with traditional prognostic scores.

Results
The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of CLIF-C AD was significantly or numerically higher than that of Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) (0.871 vs. 0.737, P = 0.03), Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) (0.871 vs. 0.757, P = 0.1) and MELD-Sodium (MELD-Na) (0.871 vs. 0.822, P = 0.45). The calibration of CLIF-C AD was excellent and superior to that of CTP, MELD and MELD-Na. The brier score/R
2 value for CLIF-C AD, CTP, MELD and MELD-Na were 0.045/0.278, 0.051/0.090, 0.050/0.123 and 0.046/0.207, respectively, suggesting a superior overall performance of CLIF-C AD to traditional scores. In decision curve analysis, the standardized net benefit of CLIF-C AD was higher to that of traditional scores. Patients with CLIF-C ADs ≤48, 49–59 and ≥60 were, respectively, stratified into low, moderate and high-risk groups (6-week mortality: 2.7% vs. 12.5% vs. 37.5%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The prediction performance and clinical utility of CLIF-C AD for 6-week mortality in cirrhotic patients with AVB and without ACLF are excellent and superior to traditional prognostic scores. The new risk stratification with CLIF-C ADs may be useful in guiding rational management of AVB.
Fluid management of the critically Ill child
Authors: Soulages Arrese Natalia , Green Michael L. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
This review summarizes current literature pertaining to fluid management for critically ill children. It includes an overview on crystalloid fluid used throughout the critical illness course, management of fluid output and complications with fluid overload.

Recent findings
Observational paediatric studies and adult randomized trials show mixed results regarding risk of mortality and kidney injury with 0.9% saline and crystalloid fluid. A recent adult randomized trial suggests that a fluid restrictive strategy may be well tolerated in critically ill adults with septic shock, but further randomized trials are needed in paediatrics. Fluid overload has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Trials exploring ways to decrease fluid accumulation must be done in paediatrics.

Summary
Additional high-quality studies are needed to precisely define the type, timing and rate of intravenous fluid critically ill children should receive throughout their clinical illness course.
Experiences of Postpartum Depression in Women of Color
Authors: Beck Cheryl Tatano 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
To examine the experiences of postpartum depression among U.S.-born women of color via an integrative review.

Study Design and Method:
Databases searched were PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycInfo. Sample inclusion criteria included qualitative research published in English that explored U.S.-born women of color's experiences of postpartum depression. There was no time limitation on when studies were published. Krippendorff's thematic content analysis method was used.

Results:
In this integrative review, eight qualitative studies investigating Black and Hispanic women's postpartum depression experiences and eight blog postings were synthesized. Five themes were identified that described postpartum depression experiences of Black and Hispanic women: (1) Struggling with an Array of Distressing Symptoms, (2) Cultural Stigma as a Powerful Roadblock, (3) Complicating Barriers to Seeking Much-Needed Professional Help, (4) Support as a Lifeline or “Just Pulling Yourself up by Your Bootstraps,” and (5) Preferences for Help with Postpartum Depression.

Clinical Implications:
Cultural stigma of mental illness plus lack of knowledge of postpartum depression were strong barriers to women of color seeking timely professional mental health care. Nurses can share information about perinatal mental illness with women in cultural communities to help decrease stigma and increase mental health literacy. All health care providers and policy makers need to focus attention on the impact that women of color's economic and social stressors have on their postpartum depression.
Surgery Clerkship Directors’ Perceptions of the COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Medical Student Education
Authors: Spanknebel Kathryn , Ellison E Christopher , Nagler Alisa , Shabahang Mohsen M , Matthews Jeffrey B , Stain Steven C , Sloane Richard , Farmer Diana L , Blair Patrice Gabler , Sudan Ranjan , Britt LD , Sachdeva Ajit K 
Published: December 2022

Background:
This study assessed the national impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education of medical students assigned to surgery clerkship rotations, as reported by surgery clerkship directors(CDs).

Study Design:
In the spring of 2020 and 2021, the authors surveyed 164 CDs from 144 LCME-accredited US medical schools regarding their views of the pandemic’s impact on the surgery clerkship curriculum, students’ experiences, outcomes, and institutional responses.

Results:
Overall survey response rates, calculated as no. respondents/no. surveyed were 44.5%(73/164) and 50.6%(83/164) for the spring 2020 and 2021 surveys, respectively. Nearly all CDs(>95%) pivoted to virtual platforms and solutions. Most returned to some form of in-person learning by winter 2020, and pre-pandemic status by spring 2021(46%, 38/83). Students' progression to the next year was delayed by 12%(9/73), and preparation was negatively impacted by 45%(37/83). Despite these data, CDs perceived students’ interest in surgical careers was not significantly affected(89% vs. 77.0%, p=0.09). Over the one-year study, the proportion of CDs reporting a severe negative impact on the curriculum dropped significantly(p<0.0001) for most parameters assessed except summative evaluations(40.3% vs. 45.7%,p=0.53). CDs(n=83) also noted the pandemic's positive impact with respect to virtual patient encounters(21.7%), didactics(16.9%), student test performance(16.9%), continuous personal learning(14.5%), engagement in the clerkship(9.6%) and student interest in surgery as a career(7.2%).

Conclusion:
During the pandemic, the severe negative impact on student educational programs lessened and novel virtual curricular solutions emerged. Student interest in surgery as a career was sustained. Measures of student competency and effectiveness of new curriculum, including telehealth, remain areas for future investigation.