bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chemical and B-Isotope Composition of Tourmaline from Intra-Granitic Pegmatites in the Las Chacras-Potrerillos Batholith, Argentina
Authors: Ribacki Enrico , Trumbull Robert B. , López de Luchi Mónica G. , Altenberger Uwe 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The Devonian Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholith comprises six nested monzonitic to granitic intrusions with metaluminous to weakly peraluminous composition and a Sr-Nd isotopic signature indicating a dominantly juvenile mantle-derived source. The chemically most evolved units in the southern batholith contain a large number of intra-granitic, pod-shaped tourmaline-bearing pegmatites. This study uses in situ chemical and boron isotopic analyses of tourmaline from nine of these pegmatites to discuss their relationship to the respective host intrusions and the implications of their B-isotope composition for the source and evolution of the magmas. The tourmalines reveal a diversity in element composition (e.g., FeO, MgO, TiO2, CaO, MnO, F) which distinguishes individual pegmatites from one another. However, all have a narrow δ11B range of –13.7 to –10.5‰ (n = 100) which indicates a relatively uniform magmatic system and similar temperature conditions during tourmaline crystallization. The average δ11B value of –11.7‰ is typical for S-type granites and is within the range reported for peraluminous granites, pegmatites, and metamorphic units of the Ordovician basement into which the Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholith intruded. The B-isotope evidence argues for a crustal boron source like that of the Ordovician basement, in contrast to the metaluminous to weakly peraluminous composition and juvenile initial Sr and Nd isotope ratios of the Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholith magmas. We propose that the boron was not derived from the magma source region but was incorporated from dehydration melting of clastic metasedimentary rocks higher up in the crustal column.
Direction-selective modulation of visual motion rivalry by collocated tactile motion
Authors: Liaw Gwenisha J. , Kim Sujin , Alais David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEarly models of multisensory integration posited that cross-modal signals only converged in higher-order association cortices and that vision automatically dominates. However, recent studies have challenged this view. In this study, the significance of the alignment of motion axes and spatial alignment across visual and tactile stimuli, as well as the effect of hand visibility on visuo-tactile interactions were examined. Using binocular rivalry, opposed motions were presented to each eye and participants were required to track the perceived visual direction. A tactile motion that was either a leftward or rightward sweep across the fingerpad was intermittently presented. Results showed that tactile effects on visual percepts were dependent on the alignment of motion axes: rivalry between up/down visual motions was not modulated at all by left/right tactile motion. On the other hand, visual percepts could be altered by tactile motion signals when both modalities shared a common axis of motion: a tactile stimulus could maintain the dominance duration of a congruent visual stimulus and shorten its suppression period. The effects were also conditional on the spatial alignment of the visual and tactile stimuli, being eliminated when the tactile device was displaced 15 cm away to the right of the visual stimulus. In contrast, visibility of the hand touching the tactile stimulus facilitated congruent switches relative to a visual-only baseline but did not present a significant advantage overall. In sum, these results show a low-level sensory interaction that is conditional on visual and tactile stimuli sharing a common motion axis and location in space.
Clearing the Hurdle: The Mass of Globular Cluster Systems as a Function of Host Galaxy Mass
Authors: Eadie Gwendolyn M. , Harris William E. , Springford Aaron 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Current observational evidence suggests that all large galaxies contain globular clusters (GCs), while the smallest galaxies do not. Over what galaxy mass range does the transition from GCs to no GCs occur? We investigate this question using galaxies in the Local Group (LG), nearby dwarf galaxies, and galaxies in the Virgo Cluster Survey. We consider four types of statistical model: (1) logistic regression to model the probability that a galaxy of stellar mass M
* has any number of GCs; (2) Poisson regression to model the number of GCs versus M
*; (3) linear regression to model the relation between GC system mass (

log

M

gcs

) and host galaxy mass (

log

M

⋆

); and (4) a Bayesian lognormal hurdle model of the GC system mass as a function of galaxy stellar mass for the entire data sample. From the logistic regression, we find that the 50% probability point for a galaxy to contain GCs is M
* = 106.8
M
⊙. From postfit diagnostics, we find that Poisson regression is an inappropriate description of the data. Ultimately, we find that the Bayesian lognormal hurdle model, which is able to describe how the mass of the GC system varies with M
* even in the presence of many galaxies with no GCs, is the most appropriate model over the range of our data. In an Appendix, we also present photometry for the little-known GC in the LG dwarf Ursa Major II.
ALMA Observations of NGC 6334S. II. Subsonic and Transonic Narrow Filaments in a High-mass Star Formation Cloud
Authors: Li Shanghuo , Sanhueza Patricio , Lee Chang Won , Zhang Qizhou , Beuther Henrik , Palau Aina , Liu Hong-Li , Smith Howard A. , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Kim Kee-Tae , Feng Siyi , Liu Tie , Wang Junzhi , Li Di , Qiu Keping , Lu Xing , Girart Josep Miquel , Wang Ke , Li Fei , Li Juan , Cao Yue , Kim Shinyoung , Strom Shaye 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a study of narrow filaments toward a massive infrared dark cloud, NGC 6334S, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Thirteen gas filaments are identified using the H13CO+ line, while a single continuum filament is revealed by the continuum emission. The filaments present a compact radial distribution with a median filament width of ∼0.04 pc, narrower than the previously proposed “quasi-universal” 0.1 pc filament width. The higher spatial resolution observations and higher density gas tracer tend to identify even narrower and lower mass filaments. The filament widths are roughly twice the size of embedded cores. The gas filaments are largely supported by thermal motions. The nonthermal motions are predominantly subsonic and transonic in both identified gas filaments and embedded cores, which may imply that stars are likely born in environments of low turbulence. A fraction of embedded objects show a narrower velocity dispersion compared with their corresponding natal filaments, which may indicate that turbulent dissipation is taking place in these embedded cores. The physical properties (mass, mass per unit length, gas kinematics, and width) of gas filaments are analogous to those of narrow filaments found in low- to high-mass star-forming regions. The more evolved sources are found to be farther away from the filaments, a situation that may have resulted from the relative motions between the young stellar objects and their natal filaments.
The Detection of a Massive Chain of Dark H i Clouds in the GAMA G23 Field
Authors: Józsa G. I. G. , Jarrett T. H. , Cluver M. E. , Wong O. I. , Havenga O. , Yao H. F. M. , Marchetti L. , Taylor E. N. , Kamphuis P. , Maccagni F. M. , Ramaila A. J. T. , Serra P. , Smirnov O. M. , White S. V. , Kilborn V. , Holwerda B. W. , Hopkins A. M. , Brough S. , Pimbblet K. A. , Driver S. P. , Kuijken K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report on the detection of a large, extended H i cloud complex in the Galaxy and Mass Survey G23 field, located at a redshift of z ∼ 0.03, observed as part of the MeerKAT Habitat of Galaxies Survey campaign (a pilot survey to explore the mosaicing capabilities of the MeerKAT telescope). The cloud complex, with a total mass of 1010.0
M
⊙, lies in proximity to a large galaxy group with M
dyn ∼ 1013.5
M
⊙. We identify seven H ɪ peak concentrations, interconnected as a tenuous chain structure, extending ∼400 kpc from east to west, with the largest (central) concentration containing 109.7
M
⊙ in H ɪ gas distributed across 50 kpc. The main source is not detected in ultraviolet, optical, or infrared imaging. The implied gas mass-to-light ratio (M
H I/L
r) is extreme (>1000) even in comparison to other dark clouds. The complex has very little kinematic structure (110 km s−1), making it difficult to identify cloud rotation. Assuming pressure support, the total mass of the central concentration is > 1010.2
M
⊙, while a lower limit to the dynamical mass in the case of full rotational support is 1010.4
M
⊙. If the central concentration is a stable structure, it has to contain some amount of unseen matter, but potentially less than is observed for a typical galaxy. It is, however, not clear whether the structure has any gravitationally stable concentrations. We report a faint UV-optical-infrared source in proximity to one of the smaller concentrations in the gas complex, leading to a possible stellar association. The system nature and origins is enigmatic, potentially being the result of an interaction with or within the galaxy group it appears to be associated with.
The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Polarimetry and Faraday Rotation Measures from Observations of Millisecond Pulsars with the Green Bank Telescope
Authors: Wahl H. M. , McLaughlin M. A. , Gentile P. A. , Jones M. L. , Spiewak R. , Arzoumanian Z. , Crowter K. , Demorest P. B. , DeCesar M. E. , Dolch T. , Ellis J. A. , Ferdman R. D. , Ferrara E. C. , Fonseca E. , Garver-Daniels N. , Jones G. , Lam M. T. , Levin L. , Lewandowska N. , Lorimer D. R. , Lynch R. S. , Madison D. R. , Ng C. , Nice D. J. , Pennucci T. T. , Ransom S. M. , Ray P. , Stairs I. H. , Stovall K. , Swiggum J. K. , Zhu W. W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, we present polarization profiles for 23 millisecond pulsars observed at 820 and 1500 MHz with the Green Bank Telescope as part of the NANOGrav pulsar timing array. We calibrate the data using Mueller matrix solutions calculated from observations of PSRs B1929+10 and J1022+1001. We discuss the polarization profiles, which can be used to constrain pulsar emission geometry, and present both the first published radio polarization profiles for nine pulsars and the discovery of very low-intensity average profile components (“microcomponents”) in four pulsars. We obtain the Faraday rotation measures for each pulsar and use them to calculate the Galactic magnetic field parallel to the line of sight for different lines of sight through the interstellar medium. We fit for linear and sinusoidal trends in time in the dispersion measure and Galactic magnetic field and detect magnetic field variations with a period of 1 yr in some pulsars, but overall find that the variations in these parameters are more consistent with a stochastic origin.
Stellar Convective Penetration: Parameterized Theory and Dynamical Simulations
Authors: Anders Evan H. , Jermyn Adam S. , Lecoanet Daniel , Brown Benjamin P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Most stars host convection zones in which heat is transported directly by fluid motion, but the behavior of convective boundaries is not well-understood. Here, we present 3D numerical simulations that exhibit penetration zones: regions where the entire luminosity could be carried by radiation, but where the temperature gradient is approximately adiabatic and convection is present. To parameterize this effect, we define the “penetration parameter”



, which compares how far the radiative gradient deviates from the adiabatic gradient on either side of the Schwarzschild convective boundary. Following Roxburgh and Zahn, we construct an energy-based theoretical model in which



controls the extent of penetration. We test this theory using 3D numerical simulations that employ a simplified Boussinesq model of stellar convection. The convection is driven by internal heating, and we use a height-dependent radiative conductivity. This allows us to separately specify



and the stiffness



of the radiative–convective boundary. We find significant convective penetration in all simulations. Our simple theory describes the simulations well. Penetration zones can take thousands of overturn times to develop, so long simulations or accelerated evolutionary techniques are required. In stars, we expect


≈
1

, and in this regime, our results suggest that convection zones may extend beyond the Schwarzschild boundary by up to ∼20%–30% of a mixing length. We present a MESA stellar model of the Sun that employs our parameterization of convective penetration as a proof of concept. Finally, we discuss prospects for extending these results to more realistic stellar contexts.
Universality of the Turbulent Magnetic Field in Hypermassive Neutron Stars Produced by Binary Mergers
Authors: Aguilera-Miret Ricard , Viganò Daniele , Palenzuela Carlos 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The detection of a binary neutron star (BNS) merger in 2017 through both gravitational waves and electromagnetic emission opened a new era of multimessenger astronomy. The understanding of the magnetic field amplification triggered by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability during the merger is still a numerically unresolved problem because of the relevant small scales involved. One of the uncertainties comes from the simplifications usually assumed in the initial magnetic topology of merging neutron stars. We perform high-resolution, convergent large-eddy simulations of BNS mergers, following the newly formed remnant for up to 30 ms. Here we specifically focus on the comparison between simulations with different initial magnetic configurations, going beyond the widespread-used aligned dipole confined within each star. The results obtained show that the initial topology is quickly forgotten, in a timescale of a few milliseconds after the merger. Moreover, at the end of the simulations, the average intensity (B ∼ 1016
G) and the spectral distribution of magnetic energy over spatial scales barely depend on the initial configuration. This is expected due to the small-scale efficient dynamo involved, and thus it holds as long as (i) the initial large-scale magnetic field is not unrealistically high (as often imposed in mergers studies), and (ii) the turbulent instability is numerically (at least partially) resolved, so that the amplified magnetic energy is distributed across a wide range of scales and becomes orders of magnitude larger than the initial one.
Algorithm Evaluation on Segmented Mirror Phasing for the Hobby–Eberly Telescope
Authors: Wiegand Hera N. , Lee Hanshin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Hobby–Eberly Telescope’s (HET) primary mirror is composed of 91 hexagonal mirror segments aligned in tip/tilt, while piston is manually controlled. BroadBand Phasing (BBP), as used at Keck, may be suitable for HET to sense piston error. Using the procedures laid out in Chanan et al., we modeled diffraction pattern point-spread functions (PSFs) of monochromatic and broadband light through split apertures centered at the edge between two adjacent segments. We simulated 4 sets of PSFs at 21 piston steps, 1 Template group and 3 differing Measurement groups. We determined the cross-correlation of the Template images to each Measurement image using Pearson’s r (r) and located the two extremes. We subtracted the minimum r’s from the largest, fitted a Gaussian curve, and located the peak values. The peak’s location was within ±5 μm from the input piston error for all cases, thereby showing that BBP may adequately measure piston errors down to ±25 μm.
Évaluation de l’intelligence des enfants au Maroc : état des connaissances et des pratiques
Authors: Sabri Hayat , Bosse Marie-Line , Roulin Jean-Luc 
Published: February 2022

Cet article traite de la pratique de l’évaluation de l’intelligence des enfants au Maroc et des biais inhérents à l’usage fréquent, au Maroc, de l’échelle d’intelligence de Wechsler pour enfants (WISC) dans sa version française. L’universalité du concept d’intelligence face aux différences culturelles est d’abord discutée, ainsi que les différents types de biais possibles. Les spécificités de la culture marocaine sont ensuite détaillées, ainsi que plusieurs exemples de biais de mesure consécutifs à l’utilisation du WISC francophone au Maroc dans le domaine verbal et visuo-spatial. Enfin, nous présentons les résultats d’une enquête menée auprès de 50 psychologues marocains, qui montre que les nombreux psychologues qui utilisent le WISC au Maroc, conscients de certains biais, modifient les modalités de passation et/ou de cotation standardisées. Enfin, nous discutons les différents types de questionnements à avoir lors de l’adaptation d’un outil psychométrique à des environnements culturels très différents de ceux de leur pays d’origine.
Pourquoi en vient-on à renoncer à ses droits sociaux ? Le cas du non-recours aux droits et dispositifs liés au handicap
Authors: Berrat Brigitte 
Published: February 2022

L’analyse des causes de renoncement à des droits sociaux met en évidence les distorsions entre “l’offre de reconnaissance” proposée par les politiques publiques - fondée sur des principes de catégorisation et de ciblage - et les attentes de reconnaissance telles qu’elles sont éprouvées par les personnes concernées : cette offre de reconnaissance est tantôt ressentie par les bénéficiaires potentiels comme dépréciative, décalée ou insatisfaisante. Cette dimension renvoie notamment à des “conflits de normes” : les conceptions de l’autonomie, de la solidarité, de l’intégration et de la participation notamment, que revendiquent les individus, apparaissent en effet déterminantes dans la compréhension de leur attitude face à l’offre publique. Dans certains cas, et paradoxalement, le renoncement apparaît comme la stratégie la plus pertinente pour maintenir le « respect de soi » et « l’estime de soi » (A.Honneth, 2006).
Enjeux de citoyenneté et de participation politique des jeunes à la croisée des rapports sociaux
Authors: Gavray Claire 
Published: February 2022

Une approche genrée d’un échantillon de jeunes belges francophones fréquentant l’enseignement secondaire et âgés de 16 et 20 ans (889 sujets dont 51.5 % de filles et 48.5 % de garçons) montre tout l’intérêt qu’il y a à croiser les rapports sociaux de sexe et de classe (via la section scolaire fréquentée) dans la compréhension du positionnement des jeunes face à la politique. On voit ainsi émerger une jeunesse largement consciente de sa chance de vivre en Europe et en Belgique, mais assez désillusionnée et critique par rapport à une vision classique et diffuse de la politique, ainsi que par rapport aux différents niveaux de pouvoir politique. Les jeunes se refusent à entériner des décisions et évolutions qu’ils perçoivent contraires à leurs intérêts et à la marche harmonieuse du monde.
Vers une typologie de performances financières des PME familiales transmises : le cas du Cameroun
Authors: Abbo Mohamadou , van Caillie Didier 
Published: February 2022

La distinction de profils de performances financières dans les entreprises familiales transmises est peu explorée dans la littérature alors que la question de sa performance après la transmission est de plus en plus préoccupante (Stanley, Kellermanns et Zellweger, 2017 ; Kotlar et Chrisman, 2019). L’objectif de cette recherche est de dresser un profil explicatif de performances financières que peuvent avoir les PME familiales transmises. Les données ont été collectées auprès de 52 PME familiales ayant connu une transmission de management au Cameroun. Après une analyse typologique et une Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances Multiples (AFCM), les résultats mettent en évidence l’existence de 3 profils qui comprennent des entreprises avec des caractéristiques de comportements hétérogènes : le culturel, l’ethnique et l’hybride. Ces résultats mis en perspective avec les résultats d’études semblables menées en contexte africain et mondial vont permettre de relever les défis de sa pérennisation par les gestionnaires.
Sensorimotor Outcomes in Pediatric Patients With Ocular Trauma in Baltimore
Authors: Junn Sue , Pharr Courtney , Chen Victoria , Williams Katherine , Alexander Janet , Park Hee-Jung , Kraus Courtney , Levin Moran Roni 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate sensorimotor outcomes following traumatic open globe injuries in the pediatric population.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort of 80 pediatric patients aged 0.4 to 17.7 years (mean age: 9.3 years, median age: 8.3 years) presenting with traumatic open globe injury to the Johns Hopkins and University of Maryland Medical Centers was evaluated between January 2006 and January 2020. Parameters included the mechanism of injury, length of time of visual deprivation, initial and final visual acuity, additional eye pathologies, and demographic factors such as age and sex.

Results:

Among children with more than 6 months of follow-up, 77.4% developed poor stereopsis and 50% developed strabismus. Children who developed strabismus had a lower Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score (POTS), indicating greater severity of injury, than children who did not develop strabismus (
P
= .005, chi-square test). A higher POTS, indicating less severe ocular injury, significantly correlated to a better stereoacuity (
P
= .001, chi-square test).

Conclusions:
The findings indicate that strabismus and poor stereopsis are common in pediatric open globe injuries, occurring in more than half of children with pediatric open globe trauma. These outcomes are associated with poor presenting visual acuity, more severe ocular trauma, and a lower presenting POTS.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol & Strabismus
. 2022;59(5):303–309.]
Age, Sex, and Years of Experience: Examining Burnout Among Secondary School Athletic Trainers
Authors: Singe Stephanie M. , Cairns Alexandrya , Eason Christianne M. 
Published: February 2022

Context
Burnout is occurring in the athletic training profession. Although data on burnout are growing, the secondary school employment setting is often overlooked in research. With the employment of athletic trainers in the secondary school setting growing rapidly, a better understanding of burnout is warranted, as it has been linked to attrition.

Objective
To better understand burnout among secondary school athletic trainers using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), with a particular focus on differences between men and women.

Design
Cross-sectional survey.

Setting
Secondary school athletic trainers.

Patients or Other Participants
Athletic trainers who work in the secondary school setting were recruited via email to participate in the online survey. A total of 572 (373 women, 195 men, and 4 unreported) responses were included after we filtered out incomplete responses.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Participants were asked to complete an online survey, which consisted of demographic and workplace questions along with 3 scales (ie, Perceived Stress Scale, CBI, and Work-Family Conflict Scale). Nonparametric analysis was used to investigate the differences in scale scores between groups.

Results
Participants reported a mean score of 40.1 (± 16.28) on the CBI scale. Women's scores were higher on the personal burnout subscale (t570 = 24.501, P ≤ .001), work-related burnout subscale (t570 = 11.347, P ≤ .001), and total CBI (t570 = 9.423, P = .002). Participants who were ≤30 years of age scored higher on the personal burnout subscale (t515 = 5.53, P = .019), work-related subscale (t515 = 7.812, P = .005), and total CBI (t515 = 4.194, P = .041). Those with ≤3 years of experience scored higher on the personal burnout subscale (t570 = 11.213, P ≤ .001), work-related burnout subscale (t570 = 6.557, P = .010), and total CBI (t570 = 4.722, P = .030).

Conclusions
Low levels of burnout are being reported among secondary school athletic trainers. Female athletic trainers experienced greater levels of burnout, as well as personal and work-related burnout. Early-career athletic trainers also reported higher levels of burnout, suggesting the need for more support during this time.