bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El principio democrático en la legislación costarricense
Authors: Sánchez Delgado José Daniel , Jacobo Zelaya Carlos José 
Published: May 2022

En este trabajo los autores nos proponemos desarrollar como se vive el principio democrático en Costa Rica, cuáles son los problemas, su desarrollo, sus realidades y los problemas que se viven con relación a este principio a lo interno y a lo externo de las cooperativas, asambleas de socios y asambleas de delegados, así como en especial las diferencias y litigios con los entes reguladores del sector Ahorro y Crédito, para lo cual también se dará una breve visión del marco legal cooperativo de nuestro país.
Recibido: 08 julio 2021Aceptado: 09 septiembre 2021
Sector cooperativo ante el reto de la nueva legislación de responsabilidad penal sobre personas jurídicas en Costa Rica
Authors: Simón Valle Eunice 
Published: May 2022

En estos días concluyó el proceso del ingreso de Costa Rica como miembro número 38 a la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos OCDE, lo que trajo consigo la aprobación de una serie de compromisos legales entre los que están la aprobación la Ley de Responsabilidad Penal de las Personas Jurídicas sobre Cohechos Domésticos, Soborno Transnacional y otros delitos» aprobada en junio 2019, la que viene a modificar sustancialmente el tratamiento a las personas jurídicas que ahora podrían ser consideradas como responsables penales de delitos. Esto aunado a los compromisos internacionales que ya se habían adquirido con la entrada en vigencia de un cuerpo normativo anticorrupción y antisoborno a nivel internacional, constituyen un cuerpo de leyes, normas y reglamentos como instrumentos para la lucha contra el crimen organizado, anti soborno, anticorrupción, lavado de activos entre otros. Dados los cuestionamientos al sector cooperativo, así como la necesidad de adecuar su capacidad de gobernanza y organizativa a las nuevas disposiciones legales forzadas por los cambios mencionados es que se enmarca este artículo, que consta de tres partes, Justificación y antecedentes; percepción del sector cooperativo sobre la importancia de los programas de cumplimiento a nivel global y una propuesta un marco corporativo o Modelo mediante el que dicho sector se pueda armar implementando una serie de instrumentos y mecanismos a nivel organizacional para desarrollar e implementar programas en transparencia, detección de riesgos, programas antisoborno y anticorrupción, Código de ética, buenas prácticas, entre otros que se podrían aplicar como parte de una caja de herramientas para diseñar un programa integral especializado a partir del que se pueda demostrar objetivamente ante cualquier instancia judicial, la existencia de un proceso interno capaz de blindar a la organización de vulnerabilidades ante la amenaza del crimen organizado.
Recibido: 30 julio 2021Aceptado: 22 septiembre 2021
Assessment of impact of stress on objectively and subjectively measured sleep quality in the working population
Authors: Kasperczyk Janusz , Zembala-John Joanna , Jośko-Ochojska Jadwiga 
Published: May 2022

WstępWszechobecny stres ma wielokierunkowy wpływ na nasze zdrowie. Jednym ze szczególnie widocznych problemów, jakie generuje, są zaburzenia snu. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu subiektywnie ocenianego stresu na obiektywnie i subiektywnie mierzoną jakość snu oraz senność.Materiał i metodyMetodą ankietową i aktygraficzną przebadano 179 zdrowych dorosłych osób w wieku 25–60 lat. Wykorzystano skalę senności Epworth (Epworth Sleepiness Scale – ESS), kwestionariusz jakości snu Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index – PSQI) oraz rejestratory snu MotionWatch 8 wraz z oprogramowaniem MotionWare. Dane analizowano z wykorzystaniem programu Statistica 13.3.WynikiNasiloną senność zaobserwowano u 7,8% populacji, umiarkowaną u 15,1%, złą jakość snu u 29,7%. Średnie natężenie stresu oscylowało w granicach 3,1 pkt w 5-punktowej skali. Spośród badanych 27,4% doświadczało trudnych i przygnębiających problemów w życiu, z którymi jedynie 45,5% osób potrafiło sobie poradzić. Stres istotnie pogarszał jakość snu (PSQI) i wyniki badań aktygraficznych, trudne problemy w życiu przekładały się na pogorszenie jakości snu (PSQI), senność (ESS) oraz pogorszenie zapisu aktygraficznego. Na jakość snu, obniżenie senności oraz zapis aktygraficzny korzystnie wpływała umiejętność radzenia sobie ze stresem.WnioskiStres istotnie pogarsza jakość snu, w niewielkim stopniu wpływając na senność dzienną. Metody kwestionariuszowe wydają się lepsze od aktygrafii do monitorowania wpływu stresu na jakość snu. Popularyzacja technik radzenia sobie ze stresem wydaje się bardzo wskazana jako skuteczna metoda profilaktyki zaburzeń snu, zwłaszcza w populacji pracującej.
TATHBÎQU WASÂILUL AFLÂM AL MUTAHARRIKAH (ANIMATION FILM) FÎ TA’LÎM AL MUFRODÂT
Authors: Rahman Ali Fathur 
Published: May 2022

Abstrak

Media adalah hal yang sangat krusial dalam proses belajar mengajar di era 4.0. terutama dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Hal uknik dilakukan oleh guru Bahasa Arab dalam memanfaatkan media film animasi berbahasa Arab di SMPIT Bukit Qur’an Nusantara Mataram. menjadi bagian dari Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang penggunaan dan kendala yang dihadapi oleh guru dan siswa ketika menggunakan media film kartun dalam pembelajaran mufrodat di kelas 7 SMPIT Bukit Qur’an Nusantara Mataram.
Penelitain ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskkriptif. Adapun metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu : observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukakan bahwa guru menggunakan media film kartun dalam pembelajaran mufrodat supaya siswa lebih semangat dan mudah memahami pembelajran mufrodat yang diberikan. Para siswa juga lebih senang dan antusias mengikuti pembelajaran bahasa Arab. .
Kata kunci: Penerapan, Media Film Kartun, Mufrodat
Investigation of Overburden Movement and Ground Stress Behaviour in Multiseam Mining
Authors: Zhu Zhijie , Yao Zhenhua , Nemcik Jan , Han Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In multiple-seam mining, severe deformation of roadways and coal bursts caused by overlying coal pillars can occur in the lower seams. Overburden movement and ground pressure behaviour when mining thick seam below the strong roof and upper four extracted coal seams were investigated in the Tongxin coal mine, China. The numerical model indicated that the abutment stress in the lower seam is affected by overlying coal pillars as suggested by the bubble and the cantilever beam models. The microseismic monitoring indicated that high-energy seismic events caused by large overburden movement under the overlying pillars were the source of the dynamic loads. The influence of upper pillar on lower longwall mining conditions can be broken down into three cases: (a) under no pillar area, no excessive deformation or dynamic failure was observed in the tailgate with medium static loads and low dynamic loads; (b) under single pillars or two overlapping pillars, severe deformation occurred in the tailgate with low to medium static loads and medium dynamic loads; and (c) under the three to four overlapping pillars, extreme deformation was observed with the high static loads and high dynamic loads. These findings can provide guidance for the roadway layout in the multiple-seam operations.
Experimental Investigation of Low-Frequency Distributed Acoustic Strain-Rate Responses to Propagating Fractures
Authors: Leggett Smith , Reid Teresa , Zhu Ding , Hill A. D. 
Published: May 2022

Summary
Low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (LF-DAS) responds to strain changes due to far-field fracture propagation. To better understand the LF-DAS response to fracture propagation, we performed laboratory-scale hydraulic fracture experiments with embedded optical strain sensors. The objectives of this research are to generate hydraulic fractures of known geometry, measure the strain response along the embedded fiber-optic cable comparable to LF-DAS measurements, and use the results to inform the interpretation of field-derived LF-DAS data.
The experiments were conducted in unconfined transparent cubic blocks with a dimension of 8 in. on each side. The block was made of transparent epoxy to visualize the fracture propagation. Fiber-optic sensing cables were embedded in the block at different distances to the source of injection. We injected dyed water through an injection tubing to generate a transverse, radial fracture along an initial flaw. An optical interrogator recorded the response of offset fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors normal to the plane of the fracture. The strain data were visualized on a waterfall plot, akin to visualizations of field-derived LF-DAS data. Dimensional analysis was used to scale the laboratory results to field conditions. We compared the evolution of the strain response at the fiber-optic cable, injection pressure, and rate with known fracture geometry. The measured strains were compared with Sneddon’s (1946) linear elastic solution for a penny-shaped crack and found to follow this behavior.
The generated radial fractures in transparent media can be modeled with Sneddon’s linear elastic radial fracture model and a Mode I critical stress intensity factor. The LF-DAS characteristic response of a narrowing region of extension surrounded by compression was exhibited as a fracture that approached and intersected the fiber-optic cable. The experimentally derived strain and strain-rate waterfall plots with known fracture geometry, injection rate, and pressure response provide insight in understanding LF-DAS responses in the field. Furthermore, we developed a method to estimate fracture geometry evolution from the fiber-optic strain data and validated the method against the experimental data.
Geometric Mediator Structures, Transition Dynamics and Force Constants
Authors: Koehler Dale. R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter can describe conventional force-constants and transition-mediator structures. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic warping” to distinguish “spatial warping” from “classical matter warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stressenergy source”. The “distorted-geometry” structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r -4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Near the core of the distortion the magnetic fields dominate the energy-densities of the structures thereby departing from classical particle-structure descriptions. Black-body radiation-emission and structural modeling lead to a description of transition dynamics and photonic entities.
Comparison of different concentrations of a povidone iodine diluted sitz bath in the prevention of perianal infection in patients undergoing chemotherapy for hematological malignancy: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Luo Yuqin , Wang Yingli , Yang Mei , Luo Ting , Chen Fengjiao , Leng Yamei , Zhou Li , Fang Jinbo , Li Yuan , Chen Chen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Infection is one of the most common causes of death in patients with hematological malignancies during chemotherapy. Due to its special location, local warmth and humidity, repeated pollution with stool and urine, and characteristically wrinkled anatomical structure within which bacteria can hide, the perianal becomes a site with a high incidence of infection. Such infection also has a high recurrence rate and high mortality, increasing the economic burden of patients, delaying the time of treatment and reducing the quality of life. In severe cases, sepsis occurs and endangers the patient's life. Previous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of povidone iodine in the prevention of perianal infection in patients with hematologic malignancies during chemotherapy, but these reports have not documented in detail the adverse events associated with sitz bathing and the lack of randomized controlled trials of different concentrations of dilute povidone iodine sitz bathing. Therefore, the evidence are insufficient. Methods: In this study, we plan to include 268 patients with hematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy who have risk factors for perianal infection. The objective is to determine whether a povidone iodine diluent sitz bath can reduce the incidence of perianal infection compared with conventional perianal cleaning care and to observe the incidence of perianal infection, the severity of perianal infection and the complications related to the sitz bath among groups treated with different concentrations of povidone iodine diluent, especially in high-risk patients prone to perianal infection, so as to screening for the optimal concentration. The primary endpoint of the trial is the incidence of perianal infection. The secondary endpoints of the study will be the results of anal swab bacterial culture, the severity of perianal infection, the incidence of perianal adverse events (dryness, peeling, pigmentation, burning sensation), and pain scores. The length of hospitalization in days and hospitalization expenses will be recorded. Safety will be assessed with consideration of all adverse and severe adverse events related to the study treatment. Discussion: This study has received full ethics committee approval. The first patient was enrolled on May 1, 2021. The results of this trial will finally answer the questions regarding the effectiveness of povidone iodine diluent sit baths in the prevention of perianal infection in patients with hematological malignancies during chemotherapy and will screen for the best concentration.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration ID: ChiCTR2000041073).Registered on December 17, 2020. {2}http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=66044&htm=4 {2b}
Antimicrobial peptide AMP-17 exerts anti-Candida albicans effects through ROS-mediated apoptosis and necrosis
Authors: ma huiling , Yang Longbing , Tian Zhuqing , Zhu Lijuan , Peng Jian , Fu Ping , Xiu JiangFan , Guo Guo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There is a need for new anti-Candida albicans drugs owing to the emergence of drug resistance in recent years. AMP-17, an antimicrobial peptide from Musca domestica, is known to be an effective inhibitor of many fungal pathogens, including C. albicans. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanism underlying the anti-C. albicans effects of AMP-17 using flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescent probes, fluorescence microplate reader, and confocal laser microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy showed that, following AMP-17 treatment, the shape of C. albicans cells became irregular, and vacuoles could be seen in the cytoplasm. Further, AMP-17 treatment resulted in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and changes in the cell cycle, leading to the apoptosis and necrosis, which ultimately contributed to the death of C. albicans cells.
LncNONMMUG027912 alleviates lipid accumulation through AMPKα/mTOR/SREBP1C axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver
Authors: Chu Kaifei , Zhao Niannian , Feng Rong , Hu Xudong , Zhang Li , Wang Ganglin , Li Wei , Liu Lin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Various metabolic diseases are closely related to lipid metabolism disorders, but the regulatory effect of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) on the function of lipids has been poorly elucidated. Previous our work has found that lncNONMMUG027912 (abbreviated as lnc027912) involved in cholesterol metabolism. Here, we further explored the novel function of lipid metabolism-associated lnc027912. We found that upregulated lnc027912 in AML12 cells treated with oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) showed a significant decrease in lipid accumulation, triglyceride (TG) levels, and lipid biosynthesis genes. In terms of regulatory mechanisms, lnc027912 increased the expression of p-AMPKα, inhibited p-mTOR levels, decreased the expression of SREBP1C in nuclei, decreased the promoter activity of SREBP1C, and inhibited the expression of lipid synthesis genes. Most importantly, lnc027912 could reduce lipid accumulation and liver inflammation through AMPKα/mTOR signal axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice model. Altogether, our study revealed a novel molecular mechanism of lnc027912 in lipid metabolism through the AMPKα/mTOR/SREBP1C signaling axis and highlights the potential of lnc027912 as a new treatment target for lipid disorder diseases (such as NAFLD).
In silico designing of a novel epitope-based candidate vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae with introduction of a new domain of PepO as adjuvant
Authors: Bahadori zohreh , Shafaghi Mona , Madanchi Hamid , Ranjbar Mohammad Mehdi , Shabani Ali Akbar , Mousavi Seyed Fazlollah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading reason for invasive diseases including pneumonia and meningitis, and also secondary infections following viral respiratory diseases such as flu and COVID-19. Currently, serotype-dependent vaccines, which have several insufficiency and limitations, are the only way to prevent pneumococcal infections. Hence, it is plain to need an alternative effective strategy for prevention of this organism. Protein-based vaccine involving conserved pneumococcal protein antigens with different roles in virulence could provide an eligible alternative to existing vaccines. Methods: In this study, PspC, PhtD and PsaA antigens from pneumococcus were taken to account to predict B-cell and helper T-cell epitopes, and epitope-rich regions were chosen to build the construct. To enhance the immunogenicity of the epitope-based vaccine, a truncated N-terminal fragment of pneumococcal endopeptidase O (PepO) was used as a potential TLR2/4 agonist which was identified by molecular docking studies. The ultimate construct was consisted of the chosen epitope-rich regions, along with the adjuvant role (truncated N-PepO) and suitable linkers. Results: The epitope-based vaccine was assessed as regards physicochemical properties, allergenicity, antigenicity, and toxicity. The 3D structure of the engineered construct was modeled, refined, and validated. Molecular docking and simulation of molecular dynamics (MD) indicated the proper and stable interactions between the vaccine and TLR2/4 throughout the simulation periods. Conclusions: The computational outcomes revealed that the suggested vaccine could be deemed an efficient therapeutic vaccine for S. pneumoniae; nevertheless, in vitro and in vivo examinations should be performed to prove the potency of the candidate vaccine.
Association and interaction of O3 and NO2 with emergency room visits for respiratory diseases in Beijing, China: A time-series study
Authors: Fu Yuanwei , Zhang Wenlou , Li Yan , Li Hongyu , Deng Furong , Ma Qingbian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the two main oxidative gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere. Their short-term effect and interaction on emergency room visits (ERVs) for respiratory diseases remain unclear. Methods: We conducted a time-series study based on 144,326 ERVs for respiratory diseases of Peking University Third Hospital from 2014 to 2019 in Beijing, China. Generalized additive models with quasi-Poisson regression were performed to analyze the associations of O3, NO2 and their composite indicators (Ox and Oxwt) with ERVs for respiratory diseases. An interaction model was further performed to evaluate the interaction between O3 and NO2. Results: Exposure to O3, NO2, Ox and Oxwt was positively associated with ERVs for total respiratory diseases (TRDs) and acute upper respiratory infection (AURI). For instance, a 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 and NO2 were associated with 0.93% (95%CI: 0.05%, 1.81%) and 5.87% (95%CI: 3.92%, 7.85%) increase in AURI at lag0-5 days, respectively. More significant linear exposure-response relationships were observed in Ox and Oxwt over the entire concentration range. In stratification analysis, stronger associations were observed in the group aged < 18 years for both O3 and NO2, in the warm season for O3, but in the cold season for NO2. In interaction analysis, the association between O3 and ERVs for respiratory diseases was significantly stronger at high concentrations of NO2 in the <18 years group. Conclusions: Short-term exposure to O3 and NO2 was positively associated with ERVs for respiratory diseases, particularly in younger people (<18 years). This study for the first time demonstrated the synergistic effect of O3 and NO2 on respiratory ERVs, and Ox and Oxwt may be potential proxies.
Analysis of Anti-malarial drug resistant genes of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 to understand its expression: the bioinformatics approach
Authors: Waktole Gemechis , Cho Donghee 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases that threaten half of the world’s population. Ethiopia is among countries with a high malaria burden. Plasmodium falciparum is the most common (64%) cause of malaria in Ethiopia while P. vivax accounts for the remaining cases (34%). Despite numerous advances in malaria control strategies, the disease still kills countless children worldwide, mainly in sub-Saharan African countries and malaria still remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Analyzing parasite genetics has enormous potential to aid both efforts at elimination as well as international efforts toward eradication. Therefore, this study is aimed to insilico analysis of regulatory elements such as CpG islands, transcription factors (TFs) and their corresponding binding sites (TFBSs) involved in the regulation of gene expression of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 isolates drug resistant genes. In this analysis nine drug resistance affecting gene coding sequences, available in NCBI database with the start codon at the beginning of the sequence and only functional genes (protein coding) were deliberated. Accordingly, the promoter prediction by neural network promoter prediction result showed Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 drug resistance affecting genes have 1–6 TSS and five common candidate motifs (MPfI, MPfII, MPfIII, MPfIV and MPfV) were identified. The study indicates the poor occurrence of CpG islands in both gene body and promoter regions which may affect the access of promoter region of genes to their transcription factors, hence affecting their expression. In general, this in silico analysis of genes encoding for Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance affecting genes could be helpful to add knowledge about the molecular data and supportive to identify gene regulatory elements in the promoter regions.