bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixation and fluctuations in two-species cooperation
Authors: Piñero Jordi , Redner S , Solé Ricard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cooperative interactions pervade in a broad range of many-body populations, such as ecological communities, social organizations, and economic webs. We investigate the dynamics of a population of two equivalent species A and B that are driven by cooperative and symmetric interactions between these species. For an isolated population, we determine the probability to reach fixation, where only one species remains, as a function of the initial concentrations of the two species, as well as the time to reach fixation. The latter scales exponentially with the population size. When members of each species migrate into the population at rate λ and replace a randomly selected individual, surprisingly rich dynamics ensues. Ostensibly, the population reaches a steady state, but the steady-state population distribution undergoes a unimodal to trimodal transition as the migration rate decreases below a critical value λ
c. In the low-migration regime, λ < λ
c, the steady state is not truly steady, but instead strongly fluctuates between near-fixation states, where the population consists of mostly A’s or of mostly B’s. The characteristic time scale of these fluctuations diverges as λ
−1. Thus in spite of the cooperative interaction, a typical snapshot of the population will contain almost all A’s or almost all B’s.
Unleashing energy storage ability of aqueous battery electrolytes
Authors: Tang Hongmei , Qu Zhe , Yan Yaping , Zhang Wenlan , Zhang Hua , Zhu Minshen , Schmidt Oliver G 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectrolytes make up a large portion of the volume of energy storage devices, but they often do not contribute to energy storage. The ability of using electrolytes to store charge would promise a significant increase in energy density to meet the needs of evolving electronic devices. Redox-flow batteries use electrolytes to store energy and show high energy densities, but the same design cannot be applied to portable or microdevices that require static electrolytes. Therefore, implementing electrolyte energy storage in a non-flow design becomes critical. This review summarizes the requirements for a stable and efficient electrolyte and diverse redox-active species dissolved in aqueous solutions. More importantly, we review the pioneering works using static electrolyte energy storage in the hope that it will pave a new way to design compact and energy-dense batteries.
Patient-related risk factors for in-hospital functional decline in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Geyskens Lisa , Jeuris Anthony , Deschodt Mieke , Van Grootven Bastiaan , Gielen Evelien , Flamaing Johan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundFunctional decline (FD) is a common and serious problem among hospitalised older adults.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify patient-related risk factors for in-hospital FD in older adults.MethodsPrevious reviews on this topic (1970-2007) and the databases PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL (January 2007-December 2020) were searched. Reference lists of included articles were screened. Studies investigating patient-related risk factors for FD from (pre)admission to discharge in older adults admitted to an acute geriatric or internal medical unit were included. Study quality was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects models. The quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE.ResultsTwenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Statistically significant risk factors were living in a nursing home (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.29-4.52), impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.51-2.86), history of falls (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.00-2.92), cognitive impairment (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.56-2.14), dementia (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.23-2.38), delirium (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.88-2.93), (risk of) malnutrition (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.03-3.03), hypoalbuminemia (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.36-2.36), comorbidity (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.16), and the presence of pressure ulcers (OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.82-6.09). The narrative synthesis suggested prehospital FD, needing assistance with walking, and low body mass index as additional risk factors.ConclusionsSeveral patient-related risk factors for in-hospital FD were identified that can be used at hospital admission to identify older patients at risk of FD.
Interviewer Error Within the Face-to-Face Food Frequency Questionnaire in Large Multisite Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Sun Chengyuan , Guo Bing , Liu Xiang , Xiao Xiong , Zhao Xing ,   on behalf of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) Collaborative Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractInterviewer error has long been recognized in face-to-face surveys, but little is known about interviewer error within face-to-face food frequency questionnaires, particularly in large multisite epidemiologic studies. Using dietary data from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (2018–2019), in which all field interviews were audio recorded, we identified a potentially error-prone sample by outlier detection and further examined the interviewer errors by reviewing these error-prone interviews. Among 174,012 questions for 5,025 error-prone interviews, 13,855 (7.96%) questions were identified with interviewer error, which mainly came from falsification (37.53%), coding error (31.71%), and reading deviation (30.76%). We found that 98.29% of interviewers and 73.71% of respondents had at least 1 error, and half of the errors could be attributed to 21.94% of interviewers or to 13.77% of respondents. Higher error risk was observed in complicated questions, such as questions assessing food quantification or referring to seasonally supplied food groups. After correcting the errors, the means and standard deviations of estimated food intakes all decreased. These findings suggested that interviewer error should not be ignored within face-to-face food frequency questionnaires and that more efforts are needed to monitor error-prone interviewers and respondents and reduce survey burdens in questionnaire design.
Size, more than colour, drives dyadic interactions in sub-adults of a colour polymorphic cichlid
Authors: Lehtonen Topi K , Nagarajan-Radha Venkatesh , Dowling Damian K , Wong Bob Bm 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Social and aggressive behaviours often affect the fitness of multiple interacting individuals simultaneously. Here, we assessed dyadic interactions in a colour-polymorphic cichlid fish, the red devil, Amphilophus labiatus. We found that sub-adult red devil pairs of smaller body size interacted more, and were more aggressive towards each other, than pairs comprising larger individuals. Interactions did not significantly differ between colour morphs, i.e. between dark, gold and heterotypic pairs. Interestingly, within a broad range of parameters, an automated measure of time that the two fish spent in close proximity was an accurate proxy for their level of aggression, as measured by an observer from video recordings. These results show that, between sub-adult red devils, (aggressive) interactions significantly depend on body size, but not colour morph, of the interacting individuals. In addition, the results support the use of automated data-gathering approaches as an appropriate tool for studies of aggression.
Optimization of closed-loop electrical stimulation enables robust cerebellar-directed seizure control
Authors: Stieve Bethany J , Richner Thomas J , Krook-Magnuson Chris , Netoff Theoden I , Krook-Magnuson Esther 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Additional treatment options for temporal lobe epilepsy are needed, and potential interventions targeting the cerebellum are of interest. Previous animal work has shown strong inhibition of hippocampal seizures through on-demand optogenetic manipulation of the cerebellum. However, decades of work examining electrical stimulation—a more immediately translatable approach—targeting the cerebellum has produced very mixed results. We were therefore interested in exploring the impact that stimulation parameters may have on seizure outcomes. Using a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy, we conducted on-demand electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex, and varied stimulation charge, frequency and pulse width, resulting in over 1000 different potential combinations of settings. To explore this parameter space in an efficient, data-driven, manner, we utilized Bayesian optimization with Gaussian process regression, implemented in MATLAB with an Expected Improvement Plus acquisition function. We examined three different fitting conditions and two different electrode orientations. Following the optimization process, we conducted additional on-demand experiments to test the effectiveness of selected settings. Regardless of experimental setup, we found that Bayesian optimization allowed identification of effective intervention settings. Additionally, generally similar optimal settings were identified across animals, suggesting that personalized optimization may not always be necessary. While optimal settings were effective, stimulation with settings predicted from the Gaussian process regression to be ineffective failed to provide seizure control. Taken together, our results provide a blueprint for exploration of a large parameter space for seizure control and illustrate that robust inhibition of seizures can be achieved with electrical stimulation of the cerebellum, but only if the correct stimulation parameters are used.
Prognostic value of pre-operative left atrial strain on composite endpoint in patients received aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tsui L , Yiu K H , Tse H F , Lam L Y , Leung C K L , Yu A S Y , Wu M Z , Ren Q W , Wong P F , Tse Y K , Yu S S Y , Li H L , Hon W L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Objective
Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common primary valvular heart disease, treatable only by aortic valve replacement (AVR). Current literatures have shown that severe AS may precede atrial dysfunction which predicts adverse outcomes. However, predictive value of pre-operative left atrial (LA) function on post-AVR clinical outcomes is uncertain. The study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of pre-operative LA strain on post AVR all-cause mortality and heart failure.

Methods
Patients aged 18 years old or above with severe AS were recruited and assessed using speckle-tracking echocardiography pre-operatively. Severe AS was defined according to 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease. Peak Atrial Longitudinal Strain (PALS) was measured as a surrogate of LA function. Patients with underlying pre-operative atrial fibrillation and other severe valvular heart diseases were excluded. High PALS was defined as PALS higher than 15.94%. Patients were followed up until death or end of the study. The primary endpoint is a composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and heart failure during hospitalisation. The association of LA function with composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and heart failure was evaluated by Cox Proportional Hazards analysis.

Results
A total of 128 patients (mean age 65.3.9 ± 9.4 years, 56.3% male) were analysed. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 3.9 ± 2.4years. A total of 65 of 128 patients (50.8%) belonged to low PALS group. During the study period, 23 patients developed events on the composite endpoint. Among those with composite endpoint, low PALS group accounted for 18 (78.3%) patients and high PALS group accounted for 5 (21.7%) patients. Higher PALS was independently associated with lower risk of composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and heart failure (HR, 0.33; 95% CI 0.117-0.916, p = 0.03) after adjustment for EuroSCORE II.

Conclusion
Higher PALS, a surrogate of LA function, is associated with a lower risk of composite endpoints of mortality and heart failure in patients with severe AS undergoing AVR, independent of EuroSCORE II. Evaluation of LA function by assessing speckle tracking derived PALS may aid in prognostication for patients undergoing AVR.
Vascular inflammation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and coronary artery disease shown on coronary computed tomography angiography attenuation
Authors: Yuvaraj J , Cameron W , Andrews J , Lin A , Nerlekar N , Nicholls S J , Hamilton G , Issa M , Che Z C , Lim E , Wong D T L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased plaque burden in coronary artery disease (CAD), but the role of vascular inflammation in this relationship is unclear. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) enables surrogate assessment of systemic inflammation via subcutaneous adipose tissue attenuation (ScAT-a), and of coronary inflammation via epicardial adipose tissue volume and attenuation (EAT-v and EAT-a) and pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCAT-a).

Purpose
To investigate whether vascular inflammation is increased in patients with severe OSA and high plaque burden.

Methods
Patients with clinically indicated polysomnography and coronary CTA were included. Severe OSA was classified as apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) &gt;30. High plaque burden was defined as a CT-Leaman score (CT-LeSc) &gt;8.3. Patients with both severe OSA and high plaque burden were defined as ‘Group 1’, all other patients were classified as ‘Group 2’. ScAT-a, EAT-a, EAT-v and PCAT-a were assessed on semi-automated software.

Results
A total of 91 patients were studied (59.3 ± 11.1 years). Severe OSA was associated with high plaque burden (p = 0.02). AHI correlated with CT-LeSc (r = 0.24, p = 0.023). Group 1 had lower EAT-a and PCAT-a compared to Group 2 (EAT-a: -87.6 vs. -84.0 HU, p = 0.01; PCAT-a: -90.4 vs. -83.4 HU, p &lt; 0.01). However, among patients without high plaque burden, EAT-a was increased in patients with severe OSA versus mild-moderate OSA (-80.3 vs. -84.0 HU, p = 0.020). On multivariable analysis, EAT-a independently associated with severe OSA and high plaque burden (p &lt; 0.02), and PCAT-a associated with severe OSA and high plaque burden, and hypertension (all p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
EAT attenuation is decreased in patients with severe OSA and high plaque burden but increased in patients with severe OSA and low plaque burden. These divergent results suggest coronary inflammation may be increased in OSA independent of CAD, but larger studies are required to validate these findings.
Effects of hot balloon versus cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng X , Chen Y , Li X X 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Catheter ablation has developed as the most effective therapeutic approach and won the highest-level guideline recommendation in treating atrial fibrillation (AF) in the decades. Several balloon-based catheter ablations, including hot balloon ablation (HBA) and cryoballoon ablation (CBA), have rapidly emerged as alternative modalities to conventional radiofrequency catheter-based AF ablation. However, the differences in characteristics, effectiveness, clinical outcomes, safety, and efficacy between HBA and CBA remain undetermined.

Purpose
To compare the differences in the prognosis and characteristics between HBA and CBA.

Methods
Our electronic search was conducted in six databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrial.gov, and medRxiv, with specific search strategies. Eligible studies were selected according to specific criteria. All records were identified up to June 1, 2021. The mean difference, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Heterogeneity and risk of bias were also assessed with predefined criteria.

Results
A total of 7 studies were included in our final meta-analysis. Comparing with CBA, more patients in the HBA group required touch-up ablation (OR 2.76, 95% CI, 2.02, 3.77, P = 0.000). More residual conduction was seen in the HBA group. HBA group had a longer procedure duration than the CBA group (WMD 14.24, 95%CI 4.39, 24.09, P = 0.005). More patients in the CBA group were likely to have AF occurrence (OR 0.75, 95% CI, 0.44, 1.27, P = 0.281) and accepted more antiarrhythmic drug therapy (OR 0.70, 95% CI, 0.45, 1.09, P = 0.114), although the result was insignificant.

Conclusions
Both HBA and CBA are effective ablation approaches to treat atrial fibrillation. Patients who received HBA were more likely to receive touch-up ablation and undergo longer procedure time. Patients in the CBA group were more likely to have AF occurrence and accepted more antiarrhythmic therapies. However, the long-term safety is still unknown. Further studies of multicenter, randomized clinical trials are warranted to verify this fundamental question.
Cardiorenal effects of SGLT2i in combination with ARNI for HFrEF: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cordovez R A B , Rivera K , Denila R A , Patricio M , Permejo C 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Recent recommendations suggest a combination of Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) and beta blocker with other classes of medications in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (1). Despite currently available treatment options, mortality remains high (2). From the recent robust clinical trials, both SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and ARNI have been found to decrease HF hospitalizations and CV death (3-5). This paper aims to determine the efficacy of SGLT2i and ARNI combination versus ARNI alone in the management of HFrEF.

Methods
Randomized controlled, prospective or retrospective cohort trials on ARNI with SGLT2i versus ARNI without SGLT2i in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less were included. A search using Pubmed, CENTRAL, and ScienceDirect was conducted on April 29, 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane’s Collaboration tool for RCTs and STROBE checklist for cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies. Review Manager version 5.4 software was used for data synthesis and analysis. Outcomes were measured as mean differences and risk ratio for continuous data and dichotomous data with 95% confidence interval.

Results
Three studies were screened with a total of 1,742 patients; 759 received a combination of SGLT2i and ARNI while 983 received standard care plus ARNI. There was a significant reduction in composite of cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization in the combination SGLT2i/ARNI group (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56-0.85, and p value of 0.0005). There was significant reduction in heart failure hospitalization in the treatment group with SGLT2i (HR of 0.61, a 95% CI 0.49-0.78) compared to the group without treatment of a SGLT2 inhibitor (&lt; 0.0001). Composite renal event favors combination of ARNI and SGLT2i in some studies (HR of 0.73, with a 95% CI 0.39-1.38), however was not statistically significant (p value = 0.34).

Conclusion
Addition of SGLT2i with ARNI provides significant decrease in mortality and hospitalization among patients with HFrEF compared to control as well as improvement in renal function.
Association of aVR ST-elevation with outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Cordovez R A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
Evaluation of the lead aVR in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome has been neglected before.1 However, there is evidence that an ST segment elevation in that lead correlates to a significant coronary artery disease.1,2 This study aimed to determine the association with clinical outcomes of an aVR ST elevation in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Purpose
Identify patients who are at high risk on presentation at the emergency department.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients aged 19 years and above who were diagnosed with either unstable angina, non ST-elevation MI or ST elevation MI were eligible subjects. The medical records of patients in a tertiary referral government hospital were evaluated. The independent variable was the lead aVR ST elevation, while the primary outcome was the in-hospital mortality. Descriptive statistics was used to summarise the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Frequency and proportion was used for categorical variables, median and inter quartile range for non-normally distributed continuous variables, and mean and standard deviation for normally distributed continuous variables. Independent Sample T-test and Fisher’s Exact test was used to determine the difference of mean and frequency, respectively, between patients with and without in-hospital outcomes. Odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals from binary logistic regression was computed to determine significant predictors of in-hospital outcomes. Missing variables was neither replaced nor estimated. Null hypotheses was rejected at 0.05α-level of significance.

Results
There were a total of 108 patients included. Most subjects were males and aged 57-62 years old. Majority had NSTE-ACS and STEMI at presentation. Lead aVR ST elevation group had an OR of 17 (95% CI 4.38-67.50 and p &lt; 0.001) for in-hospital mortality, compared to the group without. On coronary angiogram, these patients had either a significant left main coronary artery disease or a multi-vessel coronary artery disease.

Conclusion
The presence of a lead aVR ST segment elevation in patients with acute coronary syndrome at presentation in the emergency department is associated with increased in-hospital mortality.