bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choosing a Regularization Parameter in the Problem of Analytical Continuation of Gravitational Fields (Separation of Anomalies Generated by Shallow and Deep Sources)
Authors: Martyshko P.S. , Ladovskii I.V. , Gemaidinov D.V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract—We present a filtration tomography technique for isolating components of the gravity field anomalies generated by inhomogeneities of the horizontally layered density model. The filtration algorithm of field separation relies on the solution of the forward and inverse problems of analytical continuation of harmonic functions through the horizontal boundary plane. We applied the regularizing algorithms to analytical continuation of the gravity field “down” to its generating sources. The fields successively recalculated upward and downward relative to preset depths allowed us to partition the initial (total) field as the sum of the fields generated in the layers based on the properly selected adaptive regularization parameter α. For the sake of stability of the inverse problem solution in the analytical continuation of the observed gravity field to a certain depth, we used the Lavrentiev regularization scheme involving the L-curve method (for selecting the adaptive regularization parameter). The smoothing regularization parameter values obtained from the preset successive depth intervals and grid step for the observed field are shown to be optimal for dividing the observed field into components corresponding to different depths. The developed algorithms for massively parallel computing systems and their application to a group of different heights were numerically implemented on the Uran supercomputer.
Topological indices of general relativity and Yang–Mills theory in four-dimensional space-time
Authors: Kurihara Yoshimasa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This report investigates general relativity and the Yang–Mills theory in four-dimensional spacetime using a common mathematical framework, the Chern–Weil theory for principal bundles. The whole theory is described owing to the fibre bundle with the GL(4) symmetry by twisting several principal bundles with the gauge symmetry. In addition to the principal connection, we introduce the Hodge-dual connection into the Lagrangian to make gauge fields have dynamics independent from the Bianchi identity. We show that the duplex superstructure appears in the bundle when a Z2-grading operator exists in the total space of the bundle in general. The Dirac operator appears in the secondary superspace using the one-dimensional Clifford algebra, and it provides topological indices from the Atiyah–Singer index theorem. Though the topological index is usually discussed in the elliptic-type manifold, this report treats it in the hyperbolic type space-time manifold using a novel method, namely the θ-metric space. The θ-metric treats the Euclidean and Minkowski spaces simultaneously and defines the topological index in the Minkowski space-time.
ANA-Specific Antibodies, ANA Patterns, Anti-ds DNA results, and Clinical Diagnosis: A Laboratory and Clinical Audit.
Authors: Anis Sabiha , Fatima Areej , Jabbar Sidra Abdul , Arain Tayyab 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: The diagnosis of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAID) is challenging, due to overlapping features with other non-immune disorders. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) /anti-cellular antibodies are the sensitive screening tests but anti-double-stranded-deoxyribonucleic acid-antibody (anti-ds-DNA), and ANA-specific antibodies are specific for SAID. We aimed to look at ANA-specific antibodies in our patients and correlated them with ANA patterns, anti-ds-DNA, and clinical diagnosis for proper interpretation and better patient management cost-effectively.
Methods: A retrospective data analysis of 641 patients was done (1st February 2019 to 31st –July-2021) who were tested for ANA-specific antibodies at the Immunology Department of Indus Hospital and Health Network. ANA and anti-ds-DNA results and clinical diagnosis were also analyzed for ANA-specific antibodies-positive patients. Descriptive data were presented in mean ±standard deviation and frequency percentages whereas inferential data were analyzed with a chi-square test for association between ANA-specific antibodies status, ANA, anti-ds-DNA, and clinical features.
Results: ANA-specific antibodies test revealed positivity for at least one autoantibody in 245 (38.2%) patients. Of these, ANA was tested in 206 patients reactive for ANA-specific antibodies and found positive in 195 (95%) as compared to negative (<0.001). Speckled and homogenous were predominant ANA patterns in ANA-specific antibodies-positives (56% and 42% respectively). Multiple ANA patterns were found in 18 patients most commonly with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disorder (MCTD). Anti-SSA were the most common ANA-specific antibodies (50%) and was mostly found in sera with speckled (61/97) and homogenous (38/97) patterns and associated mostly with SLE (48%) and Sjogren’s syndrome (86%). Among ANA-negative patients, anti-SSA were the most common antibodies (n=5). Anti-ds-DNA was found in 66% of SLE patients along with another ANA-specific antibody.
Conclusions: This study showed that testing for ANA-specific antibodies cannot be gated on ANA patterns. Also, there is a redundancy of these antibodies with various clinical diagnoses. Moreover, they are useful in making a diagnosis in ANA-negative patients as well with clinical suspicion.
Island refuges for surviving nuclear winter and other abrupt sun-reducing catastrophes
Authors: Boyd Matt , Wilson Nick 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Some island nations in the Southern Hemisphere might survive a severe sun-reducing catastrophe such as nuclear winter and be well-placed to help reboot collapsed human civilization. Such islands must be resilient to the cascading effects abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (ASRS) would impose beyond the impacts on agricultural systems. We aimed to identify island nations whose societies are most likely to survive nuclear winter or other ASRS. We also aimed to conduct a case study of one island nation to consider how it might enhance its resilience and therefore its chance of aiding a global reboot of complex technological society. We performed a threshold analysis on food self-sufficiency under severe nuclear winter conditions to identify islands. We then profiled each island across global macro-indices representing resilience factors reported in the literature. We undertook a case study of the island nation of New Zealand. The island nations of Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu appear most resilient to ASRS. However, our case-study island nation of New Zealand is threatened in scenarios of no/low trade, has precarious aspects of its energy supply, and shortcomings in manufacturing of essential components. Therefore, inadequate preparations and critical failures in these systems could see rapid societal breakdown. Despite some islands’ favourable baseline conditions and apparent food security even in a severe ASRS, cascading impacts through other socio-ecological systems threaten complex functioning. We identified specific resilience measures, many with co-benefits, that may protect island nodes of sustained complexity in ASRS.
Hemodynamic effects of esketamine versus sufentanil applied prior to placement of suspension laryngoscope: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yi-ying , Zhu Sha , Yang Xin , Zhang Jianxi , Liang Xiaoshen , Zhang Shuai , Guo Qulian , Huang Chang-sheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

BackgroundːIn laryngeal microsurgery, the insertion of the suspension laryngoscope is a strong stimulus that may cause hemodynamic fluctuations and adverse cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of preemptive treatment with esketamine and sufentanil on maintaining hemodynamics and reducing the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events during the insertion of suspension laryngoscope.MethodsːIn this double-blind randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing general anesthesia for laryngeal microsurgery were randomly assigned (1:1) to esketamine 0.5 mg kg-1(esketamine group) and sufentanyl 0.125 µg kg-1(sufentanil group) before inserting the laryngoscope, respectively.ResultsːDuring the insertion of suspension laryngoscope, the incidence of bradycardia (HR < 60 beats/min) was 39.3% (22/56) in esketamine group, lower than 60.0% (33/55) in sufentanil group (P = 0.029). The incidence of hypotension (MAP < 65 mmHg) was 33.9% (19/56) in esketamine group, lower than 56.4% (31/55) in sufentanil group (P = 0.018). The frequency of hypotension in esketamine group was lower than that in sufentanil group (0.36 ± 0.52 vs 0.56 ± 0.50, P = 0.035). The time-weighted average of HR dropping above 30% of baseline was smaller in esketamine group than in sufentanil group (0.52 ± 2.06 vs 1.08 ± 2.77, P = 0.006).ConclusionsːThese findings showed that compared with preemptive treatment of sufentanil (0.125 µg kg-1), esketamine (0.5 mg kg-1) was effective in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events including bradycardia and hypotension induced by insertion of suspension laryngoscope during the laryngeal microsurgery.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000041187. Registered on 21/12/2020.
Economic Freedom and Debt: An Empirical Investigation on the Institutional Determinants of Public Debt
Authors: Magnini Gino , Vojnovic Jovan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the role of the institutional framework in the accumulation of central government debt. We employ the Economic Freedom Index (EFI) as a proxy for institutional framework and study the causal link between institutions that promote economic freedom and the creation of public debt. The results presented in this paper are evidence of causality between institutions and debt-to-GDP ratios. This paper suggests that institutional and structural frameworks of economies bear great importance in public debt accumulation. The countries that score better on the quality of economic institutions are more likely to accrue lower levels of public debt. In particular, a 10-point enhancement in the EFI score can lead to reductions between 1.7 and 7.3 percentage points in debt-to-GDP ratios. We also observed that scores for open markets and government size affect public debt negatively across developed as well as developing countries. Additionally, the evidence suggests that countries deemed less likely to expropriate private property exhibit higher percentage of government debt relative to GDP. We stipulate this is the result of higher perceived trustworthiness which in turn leads to an increased pool of available credit.
Rideshare-Based Transportation Services for Pre- and Post-Operative Surgical patients in an Urban Setting: A Descriptive Analysis of a Quality Initiative Program
Authors: Miclau Theodore , Bennett Daniel J. , Lang Laura , Parekh Megha , Law Tyler J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Transportation access is a social determinant of health that impedes chronic care engagement for vulnerable populations. Few studies have examined transportation interventions on healthcare outcomes in isolation, and data is further limited for rideshare initiatives.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive analysis of a Lyft rideshare program for pre- and post-operative patients as part of a quality improvement (QI) initiative at a California county hospital. We assessed the population that benefited from this rideshare program and compared outcomes between program participants and non-participants. Variables obtained included demographic data, effects of health care utilization (e.g., delays and case cancellations in the operating room (OR)), and costs to the hospital (e.g., Lyft rides and delayed OR time).
Results: Inclusion criteria resulted in 4,150 total patients, 376 in the rideshare group and 3,774 in the non-rideshare group. Rideshare group patients were more likely to be male and black/African American, and less likely to be Hispanic/Latino and require interpreter use. Participating and non-participating patients in the rideshare program did not differ significantly in the proportion of OR cases starting on time (22.8% and 20.6%, respectively) or average time delayed in OR case start times (16.97 and 17.03 minutes, respectively). Costs associated with rideshare services ($17.06/ride) were outweighed by costs from OR delays ($36-37/minute) and rideshare patients did not cost significantly more to the hospital ($636.54) than non-rideshare patients ($621.56).
Conclusions: Our study supports that rideshare programs can address transportation barriers for vulnerable communities without significantly greater financial costs to the healthcare system. Future work is required to examine potential health benefits from transportation interventions, particularly those based in rideshare initiatives.
Regulation and decarbonization：How can environmental regulations more effectively facilitate industrial low-carbon transition
Authors: Zhang Yongwang , Zhao Minjuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Environmental policies play an important role in the process of industrial low-carbon transition in developing countries, from the perspective of the impact condition and mechanisms, we discuss how to improve its effectiveness, so as to give full play to the positive impact of environmental regulations. Based on the provincial industrial data from 2003 to 2019 in China, this study uses threshold regression model, endogenous regression and intermediary regression model to reveal the impact condition and mechanisms of environmental regulations on industrial low-carbon transition. The results suggest that (1) technological innovation capability and cost bearing capacity are the key condition for environmental regulations to exert a positive impact on low-carbon transition. (2) Environmental regulations have a positive impact on low-carbon transition through technological innovation (technology), resource reallocation (capital) and skill premium (labor). The research on the implementation condition and mechanisms of environmental regulations will help policymakers to formulate appropriate and reasonable environmental regulations and eliminate the obstacles between environmental regulations and low-carbon transition, and the assessment of China's environmental policies will provide reference for environmental governance in other developing countries.
Rheumatoid Arthritis in Syria: Knowledge and Awareness among the General Population
Authors: Assaad Naima , Khayali Naram , Kudsi Maysoun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that mainly attacks the joints symmetrically, in addition to other systems. Recurrent attacks result in chronic pain, joint deformity, and decreased quality of life. The aim of this study aim was to identify beliefs and assess knowledge about this disease in the general population. Methods: 1439 Syrian participants completed an online Google Forms questionnaire comprised of 13 true-false questions designed to evaluate knowledge regarding rheumatoid arthritis, as well as questions about demographic, social, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. Results: Roughly 60% of the participants knew about RA to some extent, while nearly a quarter had no prior knowledge about the disease. One third of the respondents were very knowledgeable about RA, a quarter were moderately knowledgeable, 14% had a low level of knowledge,, and 28% had a very low level of knowledge. Conclusion: Knowledge about rheumatoid arthritis in Syria was found to be flawed and lacking. Our study suggests that the general population requires further education about the disease. Health-professionals should take care to better educate their patients, and community education campaigns to increase awareness should address the knowledge deficit among the population at large.
Determinants of Breastfeeding Practices Among Mothers Attending Maternal and Child Health Clinic at Pumwani Hospital Nairobi
Authors: Kibiru* Sospeter N , Onyango Prof. Rosebella , Okoth Ronnie midigo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Despite growing evidence that supports the importance of exclusive breastfeeding of infants below six months, few mothers adhere to this. Early weaning to infant formula and solids is a common practice. This study aimed to ascertain the determinants of breastfeeding practices among mothers at maternal and child health clinics at Pumwani hospital in Nairobi County, Kenya. The theory of reasoned action guides this study. It was designed as an institutional-based cross-sectional analytical study. A total of 307 mothers and 12 community health workers were sampled to participate in the study. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection tools were administered to the sampled respondents. Data analysis was conducted using both qualitative and quantitative methods. All data are presented in tables, graphs, and verbatim. Throughout the study period, strict adherence to ethical principles was strictly observed. The study established that 67% of the mothers-initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of delivery. However, only 37% of the mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding. Demographic factors established to be influencing exclusive breastfeeding included the age of both the mother and the father, levels of education for both the mother and the father, religion, and marital status (p < 0.05). Family size did not influence exclusive breastfeeding practices (p > 0.05). The study also established that up to 83% of the mothers had high levels of knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding practices. However, this knowledge did not translate to practice as there was no significant statistical relationship between knowledge and practice (p > 0.05). The study also established that most mothers (69.2%) had a negative attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding. This attitude was found to have a significant statistical association with exclusive breastfeeding practices (p < 0.05). Therefore, recommendations are made to develop county-specific policy amendments to ensure adequate facilitation in the health facilities towards the realization of exclusive breastfeeding requirements. Awareness drives could also be organized in the study area to address negative attitudes and their causes in the study area.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filler effects on some physical properties of PCL/PMMA blend films
Authors: Elashmawi I. S. , Abdelrazek E. M. , Hezma A. M. , Elzayat Asmaa M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

A PCL/PMMA blend system with low contents of multi-walled carbon nanotubes was prepared using a high prop sonicator with casting techniques. The X-ray analysis revealed that adding MWCNTs to the polymer blend did not affect crystallinity but had little effect on d space. Some changes in the positions of IR bands were observed due to the interaction between MWCNTs and the polymer blend. SEM images revealed that the grain size formed and became a definite shape after adding MWCNTs. Mechanical analysis shows that incorporating MWCNTs in the polymeric matrices improves the mechanical properties of both tensile stress and elastic modulus Differential scanning calorimetry indicates that adding MWCNTs enhances the thermal stability of the prepared nanocomposites. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a significant weight loss from 357–440 °C for all the prepared samples.
Stormwater and flood simulation of sponge city and LID mitigation benefit assessment
Authors: Li Chaochao , Zhang Yadong , Wang Chong , Shen Ruozhu , Gisen Jacqueline Isabella Anak , Mu Jie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the context of global climate changing and the influence of human activities, "sponge city" is put forward to realize the purification, collection and reuse of rainwater. The effective evaluation of LID facilities in sponge cities is of great guiding significance for the promotion and construction of sponge cities. IFMS (Integrated Flood Modeling System) Urban was selected to construct the rainstorm simulation. LID parameters were added to simulate the improvement of urban waterlogging after the construction of sponge city. A reasonable disaster loss assessment method was used to calculate the disaster mitigation benefit brought by the construction of sponge city. Through the comparison of the inundation situation before and after LID facilities construction, it can be concluded that the mitigation effect of LID facilities on the overall inundation area of the city decreases with the increase of rainfall recurrence period, with the maximum reduction rate reaching 13.63% in the 5-year recurrence period and the minimum reduction rate of 11.06% in the 50-year recurrence period. LID facilities have a better disaster reduction effect for rainfall events with a small recurrence period than for rainfall events with a large recurrence period.
Renewable energy generating technologies from solid waste improve urban waste management system in Asella town, Arsi zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Eshete Amde , Haddis Alemayehu , Mengistie Embialle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Solid waste management in low-income and medium countries is a critical issue because of financial problems and a lack of practice in appropriate technology. The practice used for solid waste disposal in the majority of Ethiopian towns was a traditional approach such as dumping into river water, roadside diversion ditches, and open field disposal. The main objective of this research project was to determine the technology for solving urban solid waste management problems in the case of Asella, Arsi, and Oromia, Ethiopia. A longitudinal study design was selected for the field community survey data collection process. The sampling techniques designed for data collection were systematic and random sampling methods implemented on 423 households. Multiple logistic regression statistical analysis was selected to formulate an equation used for calculating the quantity of energy produced from solid wastes. The results of the solid waste management system were 86(20.6%) open field disposal, 87(20.8%) dumping to river water, 135(32.3%) open burning, 57(13.6%) composting and 53(12.7%) other methods of solid waste disposal. The solid waste collection activities were handled by municipality 281(9.6%), private partnership 92(22%), and 35(8.4%) waste scavengers from households. The maximum frequency of municipal office solid waste collection was 154 (36.8%) once per month from households. The public dissatisfaction rate with solid waste collection was 59.8%. The final collected solid waste was transported and ended up in open field disposal. Thus the practice of the solid waste management system in Asella was poor so which result in environmental pollution and create adverse health impacts. The solid waste generation rate was 0.55kg/person/day. The amount of energy generated from solid waste is 4.72443E + 11KWH per week. In conclusion, energy processing technologies of anaerobic digestion, gasification, pyrolysis, and incineration in addition to composting were recommended solutions for solid waste management problems in the case of Asella town.