bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An unusual case of non‐reentrant atrioventricular nodal tachycardia
Authors: Raphael Craig W. , Pavri Behzad B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlthough uncommonly encountered, dual atrioventricular nodal non‐reentrant tachycardia (DAVNNRT) is a well‐described arrhythmia that can manifest in patients with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways physiology. This arrhythmia is characterized on electrocardiogram (ECG) by a single P wave followed by two conducted QRS complexes (so‐called “double fire”), and on intracardiac electrograms by a single atrial electrogram followed by two separate His deflections and ventricular electrograms.Methods/ResultsWe report a rare case of “triple‐fire” atrioventricular non‐reentrant tachycardia in which a patient was found to have three distinct atrioventricular nodal pathways and multiple triple fire responses, both on surface ECG and intracardiac electrograms.ConclusionMultiple pathways physiology and it's clinical ramifications are discussed.
Optimal extraction condition for the recovery of bioactive compounds and antioxidants from coffee silverskin
Authors: Vimercati Wallaf Costa , da Silva Araújo Cintia , Macedo Leandro Levate , Pimenta Carlos José 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoffee silverskin (CS) is a coproduct that has been the subject of research as it contains compounds that exert beneficial effects on health. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the optimal condition for the recovery of bioactive compounds from CS. In the first step, three conventional extraction methods (at room temperature, with agitation and in Soxhlet) and four solvents (isopropanol, acetone, ethanol, and water) were tested. For the second step, the extraction curve of the total phenolic compounds was evaluated to define the extraction time, and the Peleg model was fitted. Sequentially, the temperature and concentration of the hydroalcoholic solution were optimized. The antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH)), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were influenced by the interaction between the type of solvent and the extraction method (p < .05). Water and ethanol and the extraction method with agitation (EM‐2) were the best operating conditions obtained in the first stage. In the second step, Peleg's model was considered satisfactory to represent the extraction kinetics of the TPC, and the extraction time determined was 120 min. Higher values of extraction temperature and ethanol concentration resulted in higher recovery of bioactive compounds. The combination of the temperature of 68°C and ethanol concentration of 64% resulted in the best extraction condition by the desirability function (D = 0.88). In this condition, the values obtained for FRAP, DPPH, TPC, and TFC were 0.071 mmol Fe (II)/g CS, 706.74 g CS/g DPPH, 7.22 mg GAE/g CS, and 0.81 mg QE/g CS, respectively.Practical ApplicationsCoffee silverskin (CS) is a coproduct that has a rich composition in bioactive compounds. Various conventional extraction methods and new technologies are available for the extraction of bioactive compounds from this material. Generally, conventional extraction methods are even more employed by industries, as they are better known and cheaper than new technologies. The different conventional extraction methods and the type of solvent can affect the extraction yield of bioactive compounds from CS. Therefore, it is important to know and compare the conventional extraction methods, in order to optimize the desired variables of the process and obtain greater extraction yield of bioactive compounds.
Relationship between indwelling site and peripheral venous catheter‐related complications in adult hospitalized patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fan Xiao‐wen , Xu Lei , Wei Wen‐Shi , Chen Ya‐Mei , Yang Yi‐Qun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare the incidence of PVC‐related complications between catheterisation in the forearm and back of the hand in adult patients.BackgroundA peripheral intravenous catheter (PVC) is often inserted as part of care during patients’ hospitalisation. The catheter is typically inserted in the forearm or at the back of the hand in usual practice. Studies have not yet reached a consensus on the optimal insertion site in any clinical setting.DesignWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis based on PRISMA guidelines.MethodsWe searched the following electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL. Randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case–control studies and cross‐sectional studies from inception to July 2021 reporting the incidence of PVC‐related complications at the forearm and back of the hand were included. Fixed‐effects models and random‐effects models were used to derive the pooled risk ratios.ResultsTwenty‐four studies involving 16562 PVCs met our inclusion criteria. The meta‐analysis showed that compared with PVC placement in the back of the hand, placement in the forearm was associated with a higher incidence of total complications and infiltration/extravasation. However, the differences between the PVC indwelling sites were not significant (total complications:P = 0.43; phlebitis:P = 0.35; infiltration/extravasation:P = 0.51). Both incidence of total complications and infiltration/extravasation analyses showed high heterogeneity (total complications:I2 = 60%; infiltration/extravasation:I2 = 58%).ConclusionAvailable evidence suggests that there is no significant difference between PVC placement in the forearm and at the back of the hand in terms of the incidence of complications, thus making both approaches suitable.Relevance to clinical practiceFor patients who need indwelling PVC, medical staff can choose the best indwelling site, and both forearm and back of the hand are suitable.
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the effectiveness of FemiCushion in pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Nomura Yukiko , Okada Yoshiyuki , Nakagawa Chie , Kurokawa Ippei , Shigeta Miwa , Fujisawa Hidefumi , Yoshimura Yasukuni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsFemiCushion (FC) is a supportive device for pelvic organ prolapse (POP), but its effectiveness has not been evaluated with imaging studies. This study utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the anatomic changes induced by FC use in patients with severe POP.MethodsThis prospective study examined patients with stage 3 or 4 POP who underwent treatment with FC and received a diagnostic MRI. Measurements were made in the midsagittal plane at rest and during straining with and without FC. The vertical distances from the lowest points of the anterior and posterior vaginal wall (A; P), uterine cervix or vaginal stump (C), and perineal body (PB) to the Pelvic Inclination Correction System line were measured, along with the lengths of the urogenital (UGH) and levator hiatus (LH).ResultsTwelve patients were included in the study. The median age was 72 (range, 56–84) years. All reference points were positioned significantly higher with the FC than without the FC (median ΔA: 11 mm, p = 0.005; ΔC: 14 mm, p = 0.011; ΔP: 6 mm, p = 0.008; ΔPB: 7 mm, p = 0.002). Median UGH and LH lengths during straining were significantly shorter with the FC than without the FC (UGH: 44 mm vs. 53 mm, p = 0.002; LH: 60 vs. 65 mm, p = 0.021).ConclusionsThis is the first report on the use of MRI to measure the performance of FC. Our study demonstrates that FC effectively repositioned the organs involved in POP.
Culture and Stress Coping: Cultural Variations in the Endorsement of Primary and Secondary Control Coping for Daily Stress Across European Canadians, East Asian Canadians, and the Japanese
Authors: Han Jing Yi , Lee Hajin , Ohtsubo Yohsuke , Masuda Takahiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPeople's daily stress experiences differ across cultures. The current study examined how people cope with daily stress by applying primary and secondary control coping and how people change their strategies across situations (actual vs. ideal situations). European Canadians (n = 100), East Asian Canadians (n = 98), and the Japanese (n = 103) read 40 stress scenarios and judged their endorsement of stress coping strategies based on their actual primary and secondary control coping usage in the past, as well as their ideal preference of each coping strategy for each stress scenario. We examined whether primary versus secondary control coping usage differs across cultural groups. The results indicated the following. (a) European Canadians showed an overall usage for primary control coping over secondary control; however, there was no selection of primary control coping over secondary control coping for East Asian Canadians or the Japanese. (b) All cultural groups preferentially endorsed primary control coping over secondary control coping for their ideal preference of coping strategy. Nevertheless, the Japanese still showed more preference for endorsing secondary control coping as an ideal coping strategy compared to European Canadians. (c) There were mediational relationships between culture, independence, and the primary–secondary difference in control coping. (d) East Asian Canadians demonstrated a unique coping pattern, and we inferred that it reflected their multicultural identity. We discussed both academic and societal implications and assert that the present findings demonstrate significant relationships between people's culture and well‐being.
Bacterial‐fungal interactions and their impact on microbial pathogenesis
Authors: MacAlpine Jessie , Robbins Nicole , Cowen Leah E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrobial communities of the human microbiota exhibit diverse effects on human health and disease. Microbial homeostasis is important for normal physiological functions and changes to the microbiota are associated with many human diseases including diabetes, cancer, and colitis. In addition, there are many microorganisms that are either commensal or acquired from environmental reservoirs that can cause diverse pathologies. Importantly, the balance between health and disease is intricately connected to how members of the microbiota interact and affect one another's growth and pathogenicity. However, the mechanisms that govern these interactions are only beginning to be understood. In this review, we outline bacterial‐fungal interactions in the human body, including examining the mechanisms by which bacteria govern fungal growth and virulence, as well as how fungi regulate bacterial pathogenesis. We summarize advances in the understanding of chemical, physical, and protein‐based interactions, and their role in exacerbating or impeding human disease. We focus on the three fungal species responsible for the majority of systemic fungal infections in humans: Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. We conclude by summarizing recent studies that have mined microbes for novel antimicrobials and antivirulence factors, highlighting the potential of the human microbiota as a rich resource for small molecule discovery.
Intrinsic variation in the vertically transmitted core virome of the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Coatsworth Heather , Bozic Jovana , Carrillo Juliana , Buckner Eva A. , Rivers Adam R. , Dinglasan Rhoel R. , Mathias Derrick K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVirome studies among metazoans have revealed the ubiquity of RNA viruses in animals, contributing to a fundamental rethinking of the relationships between organisms and their microbiota. Mosquito viromes, often scrutinized due to their public health relevance, may also provide insight into broadly applicable concepts, such as a “core virome,” a set of viruses consistently associated with a host species or population that may fundamentally impact its basic biology. A subset of mosquito‐associated viruses (MAVs) could comprise such a core, and MAVs can be categorized as (i) arboviruses, which alternate between mosquito and vertebrate hosts, (ii) insect‐specific viruses, which cannot replicate in vertebrate cells, and (iii) viruses with unknown specificity. MAVs have been widely characterized in the disease vector Aedes aegypti, and the occurrence of a core virome in this species has been proposed but remains unclear. Using a wild population previously surveyed for MAVs and a common laboratory strain, we investigated viromes in reproductive tissue via metagenomic RNA sequencing. Virome composition varied across samples, but four groups comprised >97% of virus sequences: a novel partiti‐like virus (Partitiviridae), a toti‐like virus (Totiviridae), unclassified Riboviria, and four orthomyxo‐like viruses (Orthormyxoviridae). Whole or partial genomes for the partiti‐like virus, toti‐like virus, and one orthomyxo‐like virus were assembled and analysed phylogenetically. Multigenerational maintenance of these MAVs was confirmed by RT‐PCR, indicating vertical transmission as a mechanism for persistence. This study provides fundamental information regarding MAV ecology and variability in A. aegypti and the potential for vertically maintained core viromes at the population level.
Host blood meal identity modifies vector gene expression and competency
Authors: Ring Kacie , Couper Lisa I. , Sapiro Anne L. , Yarza Fauna , Yang X. Frank , Clay Keith , Mateusiak Chase , Chou Seemay , Swei Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA vector's susceptibility and ability to transmit a pathogen—termed vector competency—determines disease outcomes, yet the ecological factors influencing tick vector competency remain largely unknown. Ixodes pacificus, the tick vector of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) in the western U.S., feeds on rodents, birds, and lizards. Rodents and birds are reservoirs for Bb and infect juvenile ticks, while lizards are refractory to Bb and cannot infect feeding ticks. Additionally, the lizard bloodmeal contains borreliacidal properties, clearing previously infected feeding ticks of their Bb infection. Despite I. pacificus feeding on a range of hosts, it is undetermined how the host identity of the larval bloodmeal affects future nymphal vector competency. We experimentally evaluate the influence of larval host bloodmeal on Bb acquisition by nymphal I. pacificus. Larval I. pacificus were fed on either lizards or mice and after molting, nymphs were fed on Bb‐infected mice. We found that lizard‐fed larvae were significantly more likely to become infected with Bb during their next bloodmeal than mouse‐fed larvae. We also conducted the first RNA‐seq analysis on whole‐bodied I. pacificus and found significant upregulation of tick antioxidants and antimicrobial peptides in the lizard‐fed group. Our results indicate that the lizard bloodmeal significantly alters vector competency and gene regulation in ticks, highlighting the importance of host bloodmeal identity in vector‐borne disease transmission and upends prior notions about the role of lizards in Lyme disease community ecology.
Microvascular remodeling following skin injury
Authors: Wikslund Liv Kristin , Kaljusto Mari‐Liis , Amundsen Vivian Shubira , Kvernebo Knut 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe possible remodeling (i.e., dilatation and elongation) of papillary capillaries induced by increased oxygen demand for the repair process following a skin wound.MethodsComputer‐assisted video microscopy was used to examine 10 healthy volunteers before (baseline) and after (≈1 h and ≈24 h) an incision (5 mm long and 1 mm deep) on the forearm, 0–1 mm and 30 mm (control site) from the incision. We defined categories from 0 (low) to 3 (high) to grade dilatation and elongation of the nutritive papillary capillaries, as well as the visibility of the superficial vascular plexus. Approximately 10 000 capillaries from 200 films were scored.ResultsThe nutritive papillary capillaries were dilated and elongated (p < 0.01) after ≈24 h; that is, elongation (score 1.9 ± 0.9) vs baseline (score 0.9 ± 0.6), p < 0.01 and dilatation (score 2.2 ± 0.7) vs baseline (score 0.3 ± 0.3), p < 0.01. Superficial plexus visibility increased (p < 0.01) after ≈1 h (score 2.0 ± 0.7) and ≈24 h (score 2.7 ± 0.3) vs baseline (score 0.8 ± 0.4).ConclusionThe superficial vascular skin plexus showed enhanced visibility already ≈1 h after the skin trauma. Morphological remodeling in the nutritive papillary capillaries—dilatation and elongation after ≈24 h—facilitate increased O2 supply.
Vocal melody and musical background are simultaneously processed by the brain for musical predictions
Authors: Chabin Thibault , Pazart Lionel , Gabriel Damien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMusical pleasure is related to the capacity to predict and anticipate the music. By recording early cerebral responses of 16 participants with electroencephalography during periods of silence inserted in known and unknown songs, we aimed to measure the contribution of different musical attributes to musical predictions. We investigated the mismatch between past encoded musical features and the current sensory inputs when listening to lyrics associated with vocal melody, only background instrumental material, or both attributes grouped together. When participants were listening to chords and lyrics for known songs, the brain responses related to musical violation produced event‐related potential responses around 150–200 ms that were of a larger amplitude than for chords or lyrics only. Microstate analysis also revealed that for chords and lyrics, the global field power had an increased stability and a longer duration. The source localization identified that the right superior temporal and frontal gyri and the inferior and medial frontal gyri were activated for a longer time for chords and lyrics, likely caused by the increased complexity of the stimuli. We conclude that grouped together, a broader integration and retrieval of several musical attributes at the same time recruit larger neuronal networks that lead to more accurate predictions.
Severe recalcitrant hidradenitis suppurativa in a 2‐year‐old boy with partial trisomy 13
Authors: Keyes Emily , Larijani Mary , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie , Treat James R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report the case of a 2‐year‐old boy with mosaic trisomy 13 and immunodeficiency who developed severe hidradenitis suppurativa beginning at the age of 18 months. Unresponsive to standard therapies, he exhibited a partial response to immunoglobulin replacement therapy.
CEDNIK syndrome with phenotypic variability
Authors: Nanda Arti , Karam Tarek M. , AlLafi Atlal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCEDNIK syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma of which 25 cases from 19 families have been reported to date. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss‐of‐function pathogenic variant of the SNAP29 gene encoding a member of the SNARE family of proteins. We describe two female siblings from a Syrian parent‐related family with CEDNIK syndrome due to homozygous pathogenic variant in SNAP29 [c.223delG(p.Val75Serf*28)]. Palmoplantar keratoderma, reported as a cardinal sign in CEDNIK syndrome, was absent in both patients as of the last follow‐up, and one of our patients had a verrucous venous malformation, a finding that has not been previously reported.
Dalit religion
Authors: Mohan P. Sanal , Lee Joel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA reckoning with the question of Dalit religion is overdue. The religious worlds of that swath of the population of South Asia subject to the structural violence of “untouchability” have long been misapprehended—a consequence, in large part, of classificatory practices of the colonial and postcolonial state—as a kind of unlettered adjunct to Hinduism. This article assembles scholarly findings of recent years to foreground how Dalits themselves have constructed religious community across time and space. Dalit religion, we argue, is better understood not as a variant of Hinduism but as a critical provocation to all religion in South Asia, as well as a congeries of autonomous regional traditions that, too long obfuscated under colonial and brahminical taxonomies of religion, call out for study on their own terms.
Gifting Relationships and School Dropout in Rural Malawi: Examining Differences by Gender and Poverty Level
Authors: Pike Isabel , Grant Monica 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch from sub‐Saharan Africa has shown the heightened likelihood of dropping out of school for students in sexual relationships, particularly girls. However, our knowledge is limited as to whether the risk of school dropout is exacerbated by the exchange of gifts in the relationship as well as students’ poverty level. Drawing on longitudinal survey data from rural Malawi, this study explores these questions, examining differences by gender and poverty level in the association between being in a sexual relationship in which gifts are exchanged and school dropout for adolescents in primary school. Our findings show that for both boys and girls, being in a gifting relationship heightens the risk of school dropout and eliminates the protective advantages of being nonpoor on dropout. However, non‐gifting sexual relationships also erase the protective advantage of being nonpoor for girls, but not for boys. These results point to the value of examining poverty–gender interactions to gain a more nuanced understanding of the impact of sexual relationships on adolescent trajectories.
Exchange rates and foreign direct investment: Evidence from Chinese firm‐level data
Authors: Li Shi , Nakagawa Hironobu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of the exchange rate on foreign direct investment (FDI). The exchange rate effect manifests itself theoretically but remains ambiguous empirically. In the literature, (a) FDI is treated predominantly as a continuous variable, while the discrete nature of FDI decisions is neglected; (b) FDI data are in aggregated form, masking the true firm‐level exchange‐rate–FDI relationship; and (c) regression models adopted are ill‐suited to analyse exchange rate and FDI data as both of these display different time‐series properties. To overcome these problems, we propose the use of (i) a discrete choice model with a mixed logit application to capture discrete investment decisions and firm heterogeneity; (ii) cross‐section dimension to reduce the problem arising from the time‐series dimension; and (iii) firm‐level location choice data and real exchange rate data reflecting international price level differences so that (i) and (ii) are implemented. With these new features, we perform an empirical analysis using firm‐level data on the location choice of Chinese outward FDI during 2005–2016. Our estimation results detect a significant exchange rate effect not accounted for previously, explaining why the evidence for the effect has been mixed across studies.