bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a large-aperture Thomson scattering system for diagnosing driven ion acoustic waves on Shenguang-III prototype laser facility
Authors: Chen C. , Gong T. , Li Z. , Zhao H. , Yang D. , Jiang X. , Liu Y. , Li Z. , Jin S. , Zhao R. , Li S. , Guo L. , Li Q. , Pan K. , Liu Y. , Wang F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A large-aperture (f/3) Thomson scattering diagnostic
system, for measuring the ion acoustic waves driven by stimulated
Brillouin scattering, has been recently implemented at the bottom of
the target chamber on Shenguang-III prototype laser facility. With a
4ω (263.3 nm) probe beam entering the target chamber in the
horizontal plane, this system is capable of detecting the Thomson
scattered light off ion acoustic waves driven by a 3ω
(351 nm) interaction beam. The Thomson scattered light off a
driven ion acoustic wave emits at a specific direction, for a given
electron density. The f/3 aperture of the diagnostic system allows
measurement of driven ion acoustic waves in plasmas with electron
densities up to 4×1021 cm-3, which covers the
typical density range of interest in experiments on Shenguang-III
prototype. Since the driven Thomson scattered spectrum is usually
orders of magnitude stronger than the accompanying thermal Thomson
scattered spectrum, to record both signals, a half area filter is
used in the system, which suppress the stronger signal to a
comparable level with the weaker one. By reducing the system
aperture, Thomson scattered light off driven ion acoustic waves can
be blocked. Therefore, this system can be also used to detect the
Thomson scattered light off thermal ion acoustic waves for
measurement of plasma parameters. In recent experiments with
gas-filled hohlraums, Thomson scattered spectra off both driven and
thermal ion acoustic waves have been diagnosed.
Towards a PWFA linear collider — opportunities and challenges
Authors: Adli E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
I discuss some key opportunities and challenges of a PWFA
collider, and outline some objectives which I consider important to
be able to assess the machine performance, assuming that numerous
technical challenges can be solved. The highlighted topics are
purely the choices of this author. Several other articles in this
issue are relevant for a collider design, and discuss challenges for
different sub-systems of a collider, including the articles on the
beam delivery system [1], drive-beam
generation [2], and emittance
preservation [3]. A more complete overview of agreed
challenges and objectives can be found in international research
roadmaps [4,5]. Here, we highlight in
particular the option of a PWFA γγ collider.
Roadmap for Structure-based Wakefield Accelerator (SWFA) R&D and its challenges in beam dynamics
Authors: Jing C. , Ha G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The combination of advantages in positron acceleration over
plasma-based accelerators and high gradient over conventional
accelerators puts the structure-based wakefield accelerator (SWFA)
in a unique spot on the road to a multi-TeV linear collider. As a
result of the significant advancements that have been made
throughout the past several decades, the SWFA related research
continues gaining special attention from the accelerator
community. In this article, we will present a survey of the research
on SWFAs, with a particular focus on the challenges in beam
dynamics, and lay out a roadmap toward its ultimate goal of
delivering a mature linear collider design.
European facilities for advanced accelerators development
Authors: Muggli P. , Ferrario M. , Osterhoff J. , Cros B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Research on the application of advanced and novel
accelerator schemes to high-energy physics requires facilities
capable of producing multi-GeV particle beams. We briefly review
the challenges faced by advanced accelerators in reaching
collider-relevant parameters and give a concise description of
relevant European facilities and large scale installations, either
in operation or in a state of advanced design, with their main
goals. We also emphasize contributions from smaller, mostly
university groups or laboratories. These facilities and groups
advance the field considerably and address some of the challenges
arising in the translation of advanced accelerator concepts to a
future high-energy physics machine. We highlight the fact that there
is in addition the strong need for a dedicated European facility
with a scientific and R&D program specific to the research
questions exclusive to a plasma-based e-e+ linear collider.
Wake and aeroelasticity of a flexible pitching foil
Authors: D’Adamo Juan , Collaud Manuel , Sosa Roberto , Godoy-Diana Ramiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A flexible foil undergoing pitching oscillations is studied experimentally in a wind tunnel with different imposed free stream velocities. The chord-based Reynolds number is in the range 1600–4000, such that the dynamics of the system is governed by inertial forces and the wake behind the foil exhibits the reverse Bénard–von Kármán vortex street characteristic of flapping-based propulsion. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements are performed to examine the flow around the foil, whilst the deformation of the foil is also tracked. The first natural frequency of vibration of the foil is within the range of flapping frequencies explored, determining a strongly-coupled dynamics between the elastic foil deformation and the vortex shedding. Cluster-based reduced order modelling is applied on the PIV data in order to identify the coherent flow structures. Analysing the foil kinematics and using a control-volume calculation of the average drag forces from the corresponding velocity fields, we determine the optimal flapping configurations for thrust generation. We show that propulsive force peaks occur at dimensionless frequencies shifted with respect to the elastic resonances that are marked by maximum trailing edge oscillation amplitudes. The thrust peaks are better explained by a wake resonance, which we examine using the tools of classic hydrodynamic stability on the mean propulsive jet profiles.
Syntheses, characterization, and suppression efficiency of silver & silver iodide nanoparticle for proliferation, migration, and invasion in follicular thyroid carcinoma cells
Authors: Feyadh Saeed M , Mohammed Asma H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, a chemical co-precipitation method has been employed, silver iodide (AgI NPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized. UV–vis, FTIR, x-ray diffraction, FESEM, TEM, and other techniques have been used to examine the optical and structural properties of AgNPs and AgI NPs. The UV–vis absorption spectra gave the highest peak at 400 nm for AgNPs and AgI NPs at 434 nm. The x-ray data showed that the prepared AgNPs and AgI NPs were nanocrystalline cubic structures with crystallite sizes of 18 nm and 51 nm, respectively. The FESEM results show that synthesized AgNPs and AgI NPs agglomerate and aggregate. TEM data revealed that AgNPs have a quasi-spherical shape and Gaussian size distribution type. TEM analysis of AgI NPs with different magnifications revealed primarily spherical and well dispersed AgI NPs. TEM histogram shows that the particles were highly monodispersed AgNPs and AgI NPs with an average diameter of 11.5, 24.28 nm, respectively. According to the MTT assay results of FTC133cells, the cytotoxic action IC50 of AgNPs was (52.74 μg ml−1) and for AgI nanoparticles was (95.22 μg ml−1). It has been found that FTC133 cellular uptake was concentration, size- and time-dependent for both AgNPs and AgI NPs. The migrated FTC133 cell rates were reduced following AgNPs treatment to 75.7% and for AgI NPs treatment to 60% compared with the control group. Furthermore, Invasive FTC133 cell rates were reduced by 60% in the AgNPs treatment group and by 55.71 percent in the AgI NPs treatment group compared to the control group.
Study of work-hardening behavior of high manganese steel during compression
Authors: Pei Wei , Zhang Yue , Yang Shaoguang , Li Xin , Zhao Aimin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
High manganese steels are well used for their excellent hardening properties. In this study, we investigate the mechanical responses of high manganese steel in a compressed condition. During compression deformation, twin crystal is first generated inside some of the grains with orientation advantage, and then all of the grains are twinned. Selective twinning on some grains leads to the formation of textural structures. When the plastic deformation is low, twins appear independently and throughout the grain. After the true strain is more than 0.5, the twins appear as many small parallel short bars. Dislocation density does not increase significantly at the beginning of plastic deformation but increases rapidly while the flow stress no longer increases. Simultaneously, the twinning and the increased density of dislocations increase hardness, with a maximum value of 630 HV at a true strain of 0.6, during plastic deformation.
Effect of rapid cooling on the microstructure and properties of fine-grained 7075 aluminium alloy under friction stir welding
Authors: Luo Lei , Yang Bo-Hai , Quan Qiang-Qiang , Yang Xi-Rong , Liu Xiao-Yan , Wang Jing-Zhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, 7075 aluminium alloy plates with a fine-grained structure were produced by four-pass equal-channel angular pressing and subsequently joined at room temperature (297 K) using carbon dioxide (CO2)-assisted cooling friction stir welding. Electron backscatter diffraction, x-ray diffraction, Thermocouple measuring instrument,optical microscopy and microhardness testing were used to investigate the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of friction stir welded joints. The results indicated that the maximum temperatures of welded joints at room temperature and CO2-assisted were 673 K and 568 K, macroscopic surfaces of the welded joints under CO2-assisted cooling were smoother than those created under room temperature; this was because the rapid cooling of liquid CO2 inhibited the growth of grains and, following dynamic recrystallisation, the grain size was finer (∼2.9 μm). Compared with the fine-grained base material (BM), the proportion of large-angle grain boundaries in the stir zone region of the welded joints increased under both conditions, and the anisotropy was weakened. The precipitation hardening of the joints was obvious; the welded joints appeared to soften at room temperature, while the hardness of the joints was the same as that of the fine-grained BM under the CO2-assisted cooling condition.
Setting Bias Specifications Based on Qualitative Assays With a Quantitative Cutoff Using COVID-19 as a Disease Model
Authors: Lim Chun Yee , Chang Wei Zhi , Markus Corey , Horvath Andrea Rita , Loh Tze Ping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Automated qualitative serology assays often measure quantitative signals that are compared against a manufacturer-defined cutoff for qualitative (positive/negative) interpretation. The current general practice of assessing serology assay performance by overall concordance in a qualitative manner may not detect the presence of analytical shift/drift that could affect disease classifications.

Methods
We describe an approach to defining bias specifications for qualitative serology assays that considers minimum positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs). Desirable minimum PPVs and NPVs for a given disease prevalence are projected as equi-PPV and equi-NPV lines into the receiver operator characteristic curve space of coronavirus disease 2019 serology assays, and the boundaries define the allowable area of performance (AAP).

Results
More stringent predictive values produce smaller AAPs. When higher NPVs are required, there is lower tolerance for negative biases. Conversely, when higher PPVs are required, there is less tolerance for positive biases. As prevalence increases, so too does the allowable positive bias, although the allowable negative bias decreases. The bias specification may be asymmetric for positive and negative direction and should be method specific.

Conclusions
The described approach allows setting bias specifications in a way that considers clinical requirements for qualitative assays that measure signal intensity (eg, serology and polymerase chain reaction).
Multiscale analysis of count data through topic alignment
Authors: Fukuyama Julia , Sankaran Kris , Symul Laura 
Published: May 2022

Summary
Topic modeling is a popular method used to describe biological count data. With topic models, the user must specify the number of topics $K$. Since there is no definitive way to choose $K$ and since a true value might not exist, we develop a method, which we call topic alignment, to study the relationships across models with different $K$. In addition, we present three diagnostics based on the alignment. These techniques can show how many topics are consistently present across different models, if a topic is only transiently present, or if a topic splits into more topics when $K$ increases. This strategy gives more insight into the process of generating the data than choosing a single value of $K$ would. We design a visual representation of these cross-model relationships, show the effectiveness of these tools for interpreting the topics on simulated and real data, and release an accompanying R package, alto
New York City School Social Workers in a Pandemic: Lessons Learned from COVID-19
Authors: Chock-Goldman Jessica 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
During the beginning stages of COVID-19, school social workers in New York City (NYC) were at the forefront of managing the mental health of youth and families. There were multiple barriers that interfered with the level of care that school social workers wanted and needed to provide to both students and their families. This article is an NYC school social worker’s firsthand account of how she and her collaborative team managed the mental health of NYC students and families. Specifically, this article addresses suicidal ideation and suicidality in adolescents during the pandemic. This article also addresses the disparities and recommendations for further access to mental health care in NYC’s racially and socioeconomically diverse school communities. The article recommends both micro and macro changes that can be implemented to better address the acute crisis and long-term trauma implications for this population. Finally, this article makes recommendations for furthering social work educational practices to better train clinicians to handle future crises.
Robotic subxiphoid thymectomy versus lateral thymectomy: a propensity score-matched comparison
Authors: Park Ji Hyeon , Na Kwon Joong , Kang Chang Hyun , Park Samina , Park In Kyu , Kim Young Tae 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aims to compare the surgical outcomes between conventional robotic lateral thymectomy and recently introduced robotic subxiphoid thymectomy (RXT) for the surgical treatment of anterior mediastinal tumours.

METHODS
Between May 2008 and July 2020, the patients who underwent robotic thymectomy were included in the study. Because RXT was more frequently performed in the tumours with advanced stages and located in the upper mediastinum abutting the brachiocephalic vein, we conducted propensity score matching to minimize selection bias.

RESULTS
A total of 389 patients (subxiphoid and lateral thymectomy in 188 and 200 patients, respectively) underwent robotic thymectomy, and 141 matched pairs in each group were included in the analysis. After the matching process, both methods showed comparable demographic features, pathological diagnoses and pathologic stages. RXT was performed more frequently for mediastinal masses abutting the brachiocephalic vein (P &lt; 0.01). The proportion of simultaneous resection of adjacent structures, including the lung, pericardium and phrenic nerve, was similar between the 2 groups; however, the proportion of brachiocephalic vein resection was significantly higher in the RXT (P &lt; 0.01). Although both groups showed comparable complication rates (P = 0.80), RXT was associated with shorter hospital stays [2.4 (2.4) vs 3.1 (2.4) days; P = 0.03] and a lower pain score in the immediate and early postoperative periods.

CONCLUSIONS
RXT could be performed safely in complex upper mediastinal tumours abutting the brachiocephalic vein and showed better early outcomes with shorter hospital stays and lesser postoperative pain than robotic lateral thymectomy.
The impact of sex and gender on aortic events in patients with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Nucera Maria , Heinisch Paul P , Langhammer Bettina , Jungi Silvan , Mihalj Maks , Schober Patrick , Luedi Markus M , Yildiz Murat , Schoenhoff Florian S 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to explore sex and gender differences regarding aortic events in Marfan patients.METHODSWe analysed all data from our connective tissue disorder database. Only patients with Marfan syndrome were included. For analysis, patients were divided by sex. Female patients were further divided into 2 subgroups: with versus without children. Aortic events were defined as Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) or type B aortic dissection (TBAD) or any aortic intervention.RESULTSA population of 183 Marfan patients was analysed for the purpose of this study. One hundred four (57%) were male and 79 (43%) were female patients. Thirty-seven (47%) of the 79 female patients had at least 1 child. Male patients had a significantly higher probability of experiencing an aortic event (P = 0.015) compared to female patients. However, there was no increased probability for recurrent events in male patients compared to female patients (P = 0.063). Follow-up revealed no sex and gender differences in the occurrence of Stanford TAAD or TBAD between male and female patients (P = 0.324/P = 0.534). While 11% of women with children suffered from peripartum aortic events, 24% experienced Stanford TAAD unrelated to pregnancy.CONCLUSIONSMale patients have a higher risk of aortic events than female patients. The majority of women were not aware of their Marfan syndrome diagnosis before conceiving. One out of 10 women suffered from peripartum Stanford TAAD or TBAD. Twice as many female patients with children suffered from aortic dissection unrelated to childbirth. There were no sex and gender differences affecting mortality in Marfan patients.
Insights into Mus musculus Population Structure across Eurasia Revealed by Whole-Genome Analysis
Authors: Fujiwara Kazumichi , Kawai Yosuke , Takada Toyoyuki , Shiroishi Toshihiko , Saitou Naruya , Suzuki Hitoshi , Osada Naoki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
For more than 100 years, house mice (Mus musculus) have been used as a key animal model in biomedical research. House mice are genetically diverse, yet their genetic background at the global level has not been fully understood. Previous studies have suggested that they originated in South Asia and diverged into three major subspecies, almost simultaneously, approximately 110,000–500,000 years ago; however, they have spread across the world with the migration of modern humans in prehistoric and historic times (∼10,000 years ago to the present day) and have undergone secondary contact, which has complicated the genetic landscape of wild house mice. In this study, we sequenced the whole-genome sequences of 98 wild house mice collected from Eurasia, particularly East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Although wild house mice were found to consist of three major genetic groups corresponding to the three major subspecies, individuals representing admixtures between subspecies were more prevalent in East Asia than has been previously recognized. Furthermore, several samples exhibited an incongruent pattern of genealogies between mitochondrial and autosomal genomes. Using samples that likely retained the original genetic components of subspecies with the least admixture, we estimated the pattern and timing of divergence among the subspecies. The estimated divergence time of the three subspecies was 187,000–226,000 years ago. These results will help us to understand the genetic diversity of wild mice on a global scale, and the findings will be particularly useful in future biomedical and evolutionary studies involving laboratory mice established from such wild mice.
Gene Structure-Based Homology Search Identifies Highly Divergent Putative Effector Gene Family
Authors: Stern David L. , Han Clair 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Homology of highly divergent genes often cannot be determined from sequence similarity alone. For example, we recently identified in the aphid Hormaphis cornu a family of rapidly evolving bicycle genes, which encode novel proteins implicated as plant gall effectors, and sequence similarity search methods yielded few putative bicycle homologs in other species. Coding sequence-independent features of genes, such as intron-exon boundaries, often evolve more slowly than coding sequences, however, and can provide complementary evidence for homology. We found that a linear logistic regression classifier using only structural features of bicycle genes identified many putative bicycle homologs in other species. Independent evidence from sequence features and intron locations supported homology assignments. To test the potential roles of bicycle genes in other aphids, we sequenced the genome of a second gall-forming aphid, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis and found that many bicycle genes are strongly expressed in the salivary glands of the gall forming foundress. In addition, bicycle genes are strongly overexpressed in the salivary glands of a non-gall forming aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and in the non-gall forming generations of H. cornu. These observations suggest that Bicycle proteins may be used by multiple aphid species to manipulate plants in diverse ways. Incorporation of gene structural features into sequence search algorithms may aid identification of deeply divergent homologs, especially of rapidly evolving genes involved in host-parasite interactions.
The Graying of the Cool Pose: Examining Active Care Strategies Among Older African-American Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wallace Brandy Harris , Chard Sarah , Roth Erin G 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe influence of masculinity norms on disparate health outcomes has been established in the literature. What is less understood are the specific ways in which African-American men “do health” by engaging in strategies promoting positive health outcomes. This article reframes what has been previously examined through a health deficit perspective by reporting the experiences and positive health maintenance strategies of older, African-American men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes).MethodsWe employed an intersectional framework to thematically analyze qualitative interviews with African-American male participants (N = 15) in our National Institute on Aging-funded study of diabetes among older adults in Baltimore. Interviews consisted of a modified version of the McGill Illness Narrative Interview, which included discussions of diabetes experiences and self-management strategies.ResultsThe majority of African-American men in our study link their successful diabetes management to purposeful self-care activities, despite structural and personal limitations. These activities include proactively seeking diabetes education, healthy eating, medication management, and engaging in supportive relationships.DiscussionActive pursuit of a healthy lifestyle often requires redefining Black manhood, defying negative gender stereotypes of what it means to be a Black male. Results are described in the context of the “Cool Pose,” a framework for understanding how African-American men and boys cope with systemic racial oppression and the unachievable dominant standards of masculinity in the United States. The results suggest that this framework may be less applicable for older African-American men who promote well-being in the wake of chronic disease as they age.