bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on the community structure and diversity of wetland soil bacteria in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Shang Shuai , Hu Shunxin , Liu Xiaoxue , Zang Yu , Chen Jun , Gao Ning , Li Liangyu , Wang Jun , Liu Longxiang , Xu Jikun , Zhang Yumiao , Wu Tao , Tang Xuexi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe exotic plant Spartina alterniflora is expanding rapidly along China's coast regions, seriously threatening native ecosystems. Soil bacteria are important for biogeochemical cycles, including those of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, in wetland ecosystems. There is growing evidence that microorganisms are important in case of plant invasion. In the present study, we studied the interlacing area of S. alterniflora and Suaeda heteroptera, selected soil of invaded and non‐invaded regions and explored the effect of the composition and diversity of bacterial communities in coastal wetlands. The bacterial community composition of invasive and noninvasive areas was subjected to high‐throughput sequencing. In the five areas tested, the main bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Acidobacteria; the richness of the bacterial community in the soil increased after S. alterniflora invasion, most changes occurred at the genus level. The relative abundances of Desulfobulbus and Sulfurovum were higher in invasive areas than in noninvaded areas. PCA, RDA, and LEfSe analyses found that the S. alterniflora invasion significantly influenced the bacterial community and physicochemical properties of wetland soil. In conclusion, soil microbial community composition was tightly associated with S. alterniflora invasion. This study provide an important scientific basis for further research on the invasion mechanism of S. alterniflora.
Climate drove the fire cycle and humans influenced fire occurrence in the East European boreal forest
Authors: Ryzhkova N. , Kryshen A. , Niklasson M. , Pinto G. , Aleinikov A. , Kutyavin I. , Bergeron Y. , Ali Adam A. , Drobyshev I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding long‐term forest fire histories of boreal landscapes is instrumental for parameterizing climate–fire interactions and the role of humans affecting natural fire regimes. The eastern sections of the European boreal zone currently lack a network of annually resolved and centuries‐long forest fire histories. To fill in this knowledge gap, we dendrochronologically reconstructed the 600‐year fire history of a middle boreal pine‐dominated landscape of the southern part of the Republic of Komi, Russia. We combined the reconstruction of fire cycle (FC) and fire occurrence with the data on the village establishment and climate proxies and discussed the relative contribution of climate versus human land use in shaping historic fire regimes. Over the 1340–1610 ce period, the territory had a FC of 66 years (with the 90% confidence envelope of 56.8 and 78.6 years). Fire activity increased during the 1620–1730 ce period, with the FC reaching 32 years (31.0–34.7 years). Between 1740–1950, the FC increased to 47 years (41.9–52.0). The most recent period, 1960–2010, marks FC's historic maximum, with the mean of 153 years (102.5–270.3). Establishment of the villages, often as small harbors on the Pechora River, was associated with a non‐significant increase in fire occurrence in the sites nearest the villages (p = 0.07–0.20). We, however, observed a temporal association between village establishment and fire occurrence at the scale of the whole studied landscape. There was no positive association between the former and the FC. In fact, we documented a decline in the area burned, following the wave of village establishment during the second half of the 1600s and the first half of the 1700s. The lack of association between the dynamics of FC and the dates of village establishments, and the significant association between large fire years and the early and latewood pine chronologies, used as historic drought proxy, indirectly suggests that the climate was the primary control of the landscape‐level FCs in the studied forests. Pine‐dominated forests of the Komi Republic may hold a unique position as the ecosystem with the shortest history of human‐related shifts in fire cycles across the European boreal region.
High dimensionality of stoichiometric niches in soil fauna
Authors: Zhang Bing , Chen Haozhen , Deng Mingqin , Li Jingyi , González Angélica L. , Wang Shaopeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ecological niche is a fundamental concept to understand species’ coexistence in natural communities. The recently developed framework of the multidimensional stoichiometric niche (MSN) characterizes species’ niches using chemical elements in living organisms. Despite the fact that living organisms are composed of multiple elements, stoichiometric studies have so far mostly focused on carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), and therefore a quantitative analysis of the dimensionality of the MSN in living organisms is still lacking, particularly for animals. Here we quantified 10 elements composing the biomass of nine soil animal taxa (958 individuals) from three trophic groups. We found that all 10 elements exhibited large variation among taxa, which was partially explained by their phylogeny. Overlaps of MSNs among the nine soil animal taxa were relatively smaller based on 10 elements, compared with those based on only C, N, and P. Discriminant analysis using all 10 elements successfully differentiated among the nine taxa (accuracy: 90%), whereas that using only C, N, and P resulted in a lower accuracy (60%). Our findings provide new evidence for MSN differentiation in soil fauna and demonstrate the high dimensionality of organismal stoichiometric niches beyond C, N, and P.
Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Carotenoids (Astaxanthin, Adonirubin, and Adonixanthin) from Paracoccus carotinifaciens: Improved Z‐Isomer Ratio and Recovery of Carotenoids via High‐Temperature Extraction
Authors: Honda Masaki , Murakami Kazuya , Osawa Yukiko , Kawashima Yuki , Wasai Masafumi , Hirasawa Kazuaki , Kuroda Ikuo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effects of high‐temperature supercritical CO2 (SC‐CO2) extraction on Z‐isomerization and recovery of carotenoids (astaxanthin, adonirubin, and adonixanthin) from Paracoccus carotinifaciens are investigated. The high‐temperature extraction, especially at >100 °C, not only increases the total Z‐isomer ratio of carotenoids in the resulting extracts but also improves carotenoid recovery. For example, when the SC‐CO2 extraction is performed at 60 °C and 30 MPa with an entrainer (ethanol), the total Z‐isomer ratio and the recovery of astaxanthin are 11.1% and 28.4%, respectively, whereas at 120 °C, the values increase to 54.2 and 56.4%, respectively. The significant improvement in the extraction efficiency of carotenoids at high temperatures can be attributed to the increase in the ratio of carotenoid Z‐isomers with high solubility in SC‐CO2. Moreover, the effects of extraction pressure and entrainer content on Z‐isomerization and recovery of carotenoids are also investigated. The results show that higher pressure and ethanol content resulted in lower Z‐isomer ratios and higher recoveries of carotenoids. As the Z‐isomers of carotenoids have greater bioavailability and potentially exhibit superior biological activities than the all‐E‐isomers, high value‐added carotenoids, and higher yield can be simultaneously achieved with high‐temperature extraction.Practical applications: As carotenoid extraction is usually performed using toxic organic solvents, residual solvents are a serious concern. In addition, naturally occurring carotenoids (mainly the all‐E‐isomers) have low bioavailability. These are important issues that need to be overcome for the industrial use of carotenoids. The Z‐isomer‐rich carotenoids obtained by SC‐CO2 extraction under high‐temperature conditions have great potential to solve these issues simultaneously.
In vivo genotoxic effects of commercial grade cypermethrin on fish peripheral erythrocytes
Authors: Sharma Ritu , Jindal Rajinder 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study explicates the genotoxic effects of commercial grade cypermethrin on peripheral erythrocytes of Catla catla, chronically exposed to two environmentally relevant concentrations. The fish was treated with sub–lethal concentrations 0.12 μg/L and 0.41 μg/L (1/10th and /1/3rd of 96 h LC50) of cypermethrin for 45 days. DNA damage in the exposed fish was assessed using alkaline comet assay, presence of micronuclei (MN), erythrocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities. Exposure to cypermethrin induced a dose‐dependent increase in percent DNA damage, micronucleus frequency and erythrocyte abnormalities. Nuclear anomalies such as notched nuclei, lobed nuclei, bridged nuclei, and deformed nuclei; and cytoplasmic anomalies like anisochromasia, vacuolated cytoplasm, lobed cells, and echinocytes were observed. The findings revealed the genotoxic potential of commercial formulations pyrethroid cypermethrin at concentrations found in the environment and their potential deleterious effects on nontarget aquatic organisms.
An effective data routing for dynamic area coverage using multidrone network
Authors: Swain Sipra , Mohan Khilar Pabitra , Ranjan Senapati Biswa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDrones equipped with visual sensors are extensively utilized in various area coverage applications such as area mapping, monitoring of crops and road traffic, rescue operations, and so on. To enhance the coverage process, a suitable mobility model and an effective way of data communication are required. In literature, many works have been performed by focusing on the above‐mentioned aspects individually. However, unwanted information processing and a less packet delivery ratio with high message flooding are some shortcomings that have been seen in existing works on mobility model and routing protocol respectively. The above‐mentioned issues motivate us to propose a three‐level working process of ground area coverage, which includes the design of a mobility model as well as a routing mechanism incorporating the above‐mentioned mobility pattern. A set of waypoints for the movement of a drone is generated by an optimized aerial decomposition process in order to maximize and minimize the actual and exterior ground area coverage respectively. The decomposition is performed by incorporating the position and orientation of the camera footprint. While moving through the waypoints, a drone finds a stable and energy‐enable path to transmit the collected information to other drones. To avoid the frequent link loss due to the high mobility and limited energy of drones, threshold values for the velocity and energy with an estimated link stability time are considered as three parametric for the proposed routing mechanism. The result shows that the proposed work outperforms the existing result in many folds, and is suitable for the area coverage applications.
Physiochemical, sensorial, and rheological characteristics of sauce developed from Kashmiri apples: Influence of cultivars and storage conditions
Authors: Bakshi Rayees Ahmad , Aslam Afra , Khan Zakir S. , Fayaz Shumaila , Dar B.N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present investigation was undertaken to develop sauce from different cultivars of apples. Apple sauce of 5 cultivars was developed and effect of the storage conditions on the pH, acidity, TSS, total sugar, color, sensory, and rheological behavior of different apple sauce cultivars was studied. Analytical determinations were made after 0, 15, 30, and 45 days at both refrigerated and ambient conditions. The observed range of TSS was 30 to 30.14˚brix for refrigerated and 27.4 to 30.7˚brix for sauces stored at ambient storage conditions.. The pH decreased during the overall storage period from 4.07 to 3.96 in refrigerated samples, while as pH decreased from 4.06 to 3.92 in ambient stored samples. Rheological properties of sauces were evaluated using a parallel plate rheometer that showed the storage modulus, Gʹ higher than the loss modulus, G″ for all the sauce samples indicating the dominance of the elastic behavior. The viscosity decreased with an increase in the shear rate for both, refrigerated and ambient stored sauce samples at the end of the storage period. Organoleptic characteristics (taste, color, aroma, and appearance) were examined by a semi‐trained panelist using 5 point hedonic scale. The sauce samples from Mollies Delicious and Chamure apple cultivars showed the highest acceptance.
Revealing the mechanism of formation and transformation of chlorinated by‐products during electrolyzing synthetic urine using Ti/RuOx‐IrOx and BDD electrodes
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Junfeng , Li Da , Zhang Jie , Zhou Kanghan , Dong Hongjun , Feng Yujie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, the mechanism of chlorinated by‐products (CBPs) formation and transformation during urine electrolysis was comparatively investigated with active and nonactive electrodes. It was found that nutrients removal and CBPs formation was dominated by the chlorine evolution on the active Ti/RuOx‐IrOx electrodes. CBPs formation was inhibited by the ammonia and urea chlorination and kept at a relatively low level before chlorination breakpoint. After the concentration of organic CBPs (OCBPs) increasingly reaching the maximum as a result of the peak concentration of free chlorine, most free chlorine transformed into inorganic chlorination by‐products (ICBPs) with the chlorate as the main species. In contrast, the formation of CBPs on boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes was jointly dominated by the direct oxidation and chlorine mediated oxidation, which resulted in the complete degradation of OCBPs and the accumulation of ICBPs throughout the electrolysis. The organics with high molecular weight readily formed CBPs. Moreover, higher current density would accelerate the production of ICBPs on both electrodes, although it could mitigate OCBPs production at chlorination breakpoint for Ti/RuOx‐IrOx anodes. Separation of chloride ions and organics with high molecular weight from urine using nanofiltration was proposed to mitigate the production of CBPs.
Higher‐resolution quantification of white matter hypointensities by large‐scale transfer learning from 2D images on the JPSC‐AD cohort
Authors: Thyreau Benjamin , Tatewaki Yasuko , Chen Liying , Takano Yuji , Hirabayashi Naoki , Furuta Yoshihiko , Hata Jun , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Maeda Tetsuya , Noguchi‐Shinohara Moeko , Mimura Masaru , Nakashima Kenji , Mori Takaaki , Takebayashi Minoru , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Taki Yasuyuki ,   Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia (JPSC‐AD) Study Group
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhite matter lesions (WML) commonly occur in older brains and are quantifiable on MRI, often used as a biomarker in Aging research. Although algorithms are regularly proposed that identify these lesions from T2‐fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, none so far can estimate lesions directly from T1‐weighted images with acceptable accuracy. Since 3D T1 is a polyvalent and higher‐resolution sequence, it could be beneficial to obtain the distribution of WML directly from it. However a serious difficulty, both for algorithms and human, can be found in the ambiguities of brain signal intensity in T1 images. This manuscript shows that a cross‐domain ConvNet (Convolutional Neural Network) approach can help solve this problem. Still, this is non‐trivial, as it would appear to require a large and varied dataset (for robustness) labelled at the same high resolution (for spatial accuracy). Instead, our model was taught from two‐dimensional FLAIR images with a loss function designed to handle the super‐resolution need. And crucially, we leveraged a very large training set for this task, the recently assembled, multi‐sites Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia (JPSC‐AD) cohort. We describe the two‐step procedure that we followed to handle such a large number of imperfectly labeled samples. A large‐scale accuracy evaluation conducted against FreeSurfer 7, and a further visual expert rating revealed that WML segmentation from our ConvNet was consistently better. Finally, we made a directly usable software program based on that trained ConvNet model, available at https://github.com/bthyreau/deep-T1-WMH.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence and severity in Asian Americans from the national health and nutrition examination surveys 2017–2018
Authors: Truong Emily , Yeo Yee Hui , Cook‐Wiens Galen , Muthiah Mark , Yang Ju Dong , Sundaram Vinay , Chang Devon , Todo Tsuyoshi , Kim Irene K. , Lu Shelly C. , Setiawan Veronica Wendy , Wong Vincent W. S. , Harrison Stephen A. , Alkhouri Naim , Noureddin Mazen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Studies have examined nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence and severity in Asians; however, this is not well understood in Asian Americans (both East and South Asian Americans) as few studies have analyzed this population. We aimed to describe characteristics, prevalence of NAFLD, and its severity in Asian Americans in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2017 to 2018. Respondents 18 years and older with interview, laboratory testing, and transient elastography data were included. Other causes of liver disease were excluded. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) cutoff ≥ 274 dB/m, as published in the literature, defined NAFLD. Sensitivity analysis for CAP cutoffs ≥ 248 and ≥302 dB/m were performed. We found that 450 out of 3639 respondents were Asian Americans, and prevalence using CAP ≥ 274 dB/m was 43.23%. Using sensitivity analysis cutoffs of CAP ≥ 248 dB/m and CAP ≥ 302 dB/m, the prevalence was 57.38% and 28.03%, respectively. Compared with non‐Asian Americans with NAFLD, Asian Americans with NAFLD had significantly lower body mass index (BMI) and less prevalent smoking history. Comorbidities, such as prediabetes, diabetes, and hypertension, were not significantly different between Asian and non‐Asian Americans with NAFLD. Compared to non‐Asian Americans with NAFLD, Asian Americans with NAFLD exhibited higher aminotransferases and triglycerides. Fibrosis assessed by transient elastography was not significantly different between Asian and non‐Asian Americans with NAFLD. Despite decreased prevalence of BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, Asian Americans experienced similar NAFLD prevalence with increased hepatocellular injury and triglyceridemia compared to non‐Asian Americans. Fibrosis stages were similar to non‐Asian Americans.
Integrating partitioned evapotranspiration data into hydrologic models: Vegetation parameterization and uncertainty quantification of simulated plant water use
Authors: Schreiner‐McGraw Adam P. , Ajami Hoori , Anderson Ray G. , Wang Dong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccurate simulation of plant water use across agricultural ecosystems is essential for various applications, including precision agriculture, quantifying groundwater recharge, and optimizing irrigation rates. Previous approaches to integrating plant water use data into hydrologic models have relied on evapotranspiration (ET) observations. Recently, the flux variance similarity approach has been developed to partition ET to transpiration (T) and evaporation, providing an opportunity to use T data to parameterize models. To explore the value of T/ET data in improving hydrologic model performance, we examined multiple approaches to incorporate these observations for vegetation parameterization. We used ET observations from five eddy covariance towers located in the irrigated San Joaquin Valley, California, to parameterize orchard crops in an integrated land surface—groundwater model. By using ET, or both ET and T data, we examined the impact of multiple model parameterization approaches ranging from simple performance metrics to the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation method. We find that a simple approach of selecting the parameter sets based on ET and T performance metrics works best at these study sites. Selecting parameters based on performance relative to observed ET creates an uncertainty of 27% relative to the observed value. When parameters are selected using both T and ET data, this uncertainty drops to 24%. Similarly, the uncertainty in potential groundwater recharge drops from 63% to 58% when parameters are selected with ET or T and ET data, respectively. While these improvements are minor in an irrigated setting, the value of partitioning ET data may be more useful in non‐irrigated settings. Additionally, using crop type parameters results in similar levels of simulated ET as using site‐specific parameters. Different irrigation schemes create high amounts of uncertainty and highlight the need for accurate estimates of irrigation when performing water budget studies.
Diagnostic potential of nanoparticle aided assays for MUC16 and MUC1 glycovariants in ovarian cancer
Authors: Jain Shruti , Nadeem Nimrah , Ulfenborg Benjamin , Mäkelä Maria , Ruma Shamima Afrin , Terävä Joonas , Huhtinen Kaisa , Leivo Janne , Kristjansdottir Björg , Pettersson Kim , Sundfeldt Karin , Gidwani Kamlesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOur study reports the discovery and evaluation of nanoparticle aided sensitive assays for glycovariants of MUC16 and MUC1 in a unique collection of paired ovarian cyst fluids and serum samples obtained at or prior to surgery for ovarian carcinoma suspicion. Selected glycovariants and the immunoassays for CA125, CA15‐3 and HE4 were compared and validated in 347 cyst fluid and serum samples. Whereas CA125 and CA15‐3 performed poorly in cyst fluid to separate carcinoma and controls, four glycovariants including MUC16MGL, MUC16STn, MUC1STn and MUC1Tn provided highly improved separations. In serum, the two STn glycovariants outperformed conventional CA125, CA15‐3 and HE4 assays in all subcategories analyzed with main benefits obtained at high specificities and at postmenopausal and early‐stage disease. Serum MUC16STn performed best at high specificity (90%‐99%), but sensitivity was also improved by the other glycovariants and CA15‐3. The highly improved specificity, excellent analytical sensitivity and robustness of the nanoparticle assisted glycovariant assays carry great promise for improved identification and early detection of ovarian carcinoma in routine differential diagnostics.
To what extent could the acetabular liner thickness be reduced yet remaining tribologically acceptable in metal‐on‐vitamin E‐diffused crosslinked polyethylene hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Tateiwa Toshiyuki , Affatato Saverio , Takahashi Yasuhito , Shishido Takaaki , Pezzotti Giuseppe , Yamamoto Kengo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate how much reduction in acetabular liner thickness could be tribologically acceptable in metal‐on‐vitamin‐E diffused highly crosslinked ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (Vit‐E XLPE) bearings for total hip arthroplasty. We tested thick‐ (10.3 mm), moderate‐ (6.3 mm), and thin‐ (4.3 mm) Vit‐E XLPE liners coupled with 28‐mm cobalt‐chromium femoral heads on a hip simulator to 5 million cycles, and peak contact stress was predicted based on mathematical modeling. Wear damage was also evaluated in terms of surface topology and morphology. Wear simulation demonstrated that the 2–4 mm thickness reduction (6.3 → 4.3 mm and 10.3 → 6.3 mm) did not significantly affect the wear rate for Vit‐E XLPE liner, whereas 6‐mm reduction (10.3 → 4.3 mm) significantly increased liner wear (by 309%) and head roughness (by 415%). This effect was attributed to a contact stress increase (by 24–41%). However, the wear rates for all thicknesses tested were much lower than those previously reported for thicker non‐crosslinked materials. The original crystalline morphology was maintained in all liners after wear. Our results suggest that the 2–4 mm thickness reduction may be tribologically acceptable in Vit‐E XLPE liners. However, more severe and longer term simulations are necessary to determine a minimum acceptable thickness.