bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple and efficient alternative treatment for different drinking water
Authors: Zhang Huiqin , Li Renwei , Wang Shulian , Pi Kewu , Shi Yafei , Gerson Andrea R. , Hei Shengqiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A bench–scale experiment was performed to assess whether union use of ferrate (Fe(VI)) and ferric (Fe(III)) addition in real surface water (reservoir and river water) resulted in better water remediation. The results indicated that increased Fe dosage improved the treatment performance, the removals of total coliform, turbidity and DOC were better when the mass ratio of Fe(VI): Fe(III) was 1:2 and pH was 8, regardless of the water source. Alkalescency condition beneﬁts Fe(III) coagulation and Fe(VI) disinfection efﬁciency due to the better stability and greater exposure to Fe(VI). Union use of Fe(VI) and Fe(III), as a coagulant and oxidant to enhance flocculation precipitation, can simultaneously remove turbidity, degraded natural organic matter (NOM) degradation, and destroy bacterial activity. At optimized dosage and pH, chemical oxidation plays the dominant role in the disinfection performance and secondary removal of DOC for Fe(VI) treatment, while for the mechanisms of Fe(III), coagulation and adsorption make the dominant contribution to the removal of turbidity and DOC. The application of the optimal ratio can maximize the advantages of both Fe(VI) and Fe(III), and enables the maximum purification effectiveness at minimum dosage and cost, so it will be a simple and efficient treatment for different drinking water.
Role of emerging chitosan and zeolite-modified adsorbents in the removal of nitrate and phosphate from an aqueous medium: A comprehensive perspective
Authors: Italiya Gopal , Subramanian Sangeetha 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Due to industrialization and population growth, freshwater supplies are diminishing and becoming impure with high organic pollutant concentrations such as nitrate and phosphate, which shows a high adverse impact on aquatic and human lives. In drinking water sources, particularly groundwater, nitrate is considered as one of the major pollutants which causes methemoglobinemia (in newborn infants), carcinogenic activities and diabetes. Excess concentration of phosphate leads to eutrophication and death of aquatic species due to reduced dissolved oxygen content. Therefore, all countries must implement highly effective technologies for treating wastewater. Chitosan and zeolite are naturally occurring and cost-effective adsorbent materials with a higher surface area that exhibit greater nitrate and phosphate adsorption. Surface modification of chitosan and zeolite increases the adsorption capacity of adsorbents for the removal of both anions selectively. This paper reviews the current development of modified chitosan and zeolite adsorbents for anion adsorption, with an emphasis on modification by zero and multivalent metals and metal oxides, different surfactants, biomass-derived carbon, and natural and synthetic polymers. Multiple adsorption parameters, optimum adsorption condition, adsorption mechanism, regeneration study, research gap and future aspects have been explained for further research work.
Application of CAD-CAM Technologies for Maxillofacial Bone Regeneration:
A Narrative Review of the Clinical Studies
Authors: Boroojeni Helia Sadat Haeri , Mohaghegh Sadra , Khojasteh Arash 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
The application of regenerative methods in treating maxillofacial defects can be categorized as
functional bone regeneration in which scaffolds without protection are used and in-situ bone regeneration
in which a protected healing space is created to induce bone formation. It has been shown that functional
bone regeneration can reduce surgical time and obviate the necessity of autogenous bone grafting. However,
studies mainly focused on applying this method to reconstruct minor bone effects, and more investigation
concerning the large defects is required. In terms of in situ maxillofacial bone regeneration with
the help of CAD-CAM technologies, the present data have suggested feasible mesh rigidity, perseverance
of the underlying space, and apt augmentative results with CAD-CAM-based individualized Ti meshes.
However, complications, including dehiscence and mesh exposure, coupled with consequent graft loss,
infection and impeded regenerative rates have also been reported
Current State of 44Ti/44Sc Radionuclide Generator Systems and Separation
Chemistry
Authors: Schmidt Christine E. , Gajecki Leah , Deri Melissa A. , Sanders Vanessa A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in 44Ti/44Sc generators as an
onsite source of 44Sc for medical applications without needing a proximal cyclotron. The
relatively short half-life (3.97 hours) and high positron branching ratio (94.3%) of 44Sc make
it a viable candidate for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. This review discusses
current 44Ti/44Sc generator designs, focusing on their chemistry, drawbacks, post-elution
processing, and relevant preclinical studies of the 44Sc for potential PET radiopharmaceuticals.
Daridorexant, a Recently Approved Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists
(DORA) in the Treatment of Insomnia
Authors: Chakraborty Dwaipayan S. , Choudhury Shouvik , Lahiry Sandeep 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Insomnia is one of the major challenges in medical science nowadays as it leads to the
great socio-economic burden by impairing daytime function as well as the development of
exhaustion, depression and memory disturbance in affected individuals. Several important classes
of drugs have been tried including the BZDs and Non-BZD hypnotics. Available drugs to combat
this disease have the limitations of abuse potential, tolerance and cognitive impairments. In some
instances, withdrawal symptoms have been observed on abrupt cessation of those drugs. The
Orexin system has been very recently targeted as a therapeutic option to overcome those
limitations. Daridorexant as a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists (DORA) in the treatment of
insomnia has been evaluated in several preclinical and clinical studies. Available information
obtained from those studies has shown promising future for this drug in the management of
insomnia. Beyond its effectiveness in insomnia, it has been successfully used in patients suffering
from Obstructive sleep apnoea, Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease (COAD), Alzheimer’s
Disease (AD), hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. Larger studies need to address the safety
issues as well as obtain robust pharmacovigilance information to safeguard the risk-benefit aspect
of this drug in insomniac adults.
Using synchronous thermal analysis to study characteristic features of a developing fire
Authors: Bezzaponnaya O. V. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The purpose of the work is to estimate the temperature of impact on the material under study using the results of synchronous thermal analysis. This task is solved to achieve the pre-set purposes: studying the process of the thermal-oxidative destruction of the material under study, developing thermal impact assessment criteria, and deriving equations to determine the temperature of impact.Materials and methods. Specimens of ROTBAND gypsum finishing putty, frequently used for the interior decoration of walls of buildings and premises, have been studied. Before testing, putty samples were subjected to the preliminary thermal impact of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 °С for 30 min. The tests were carried out using the method of synchronous thermal analysis (Netzsch STА 449 F5 Jupiter) in corundum crucibles at a heating rate of 20 °С/min and with an air flow rate of 75 ml/min.Research results and discussion. Mass loss at a temperature of 200 °C and ash residue at a temperature of 900 °C can be expediently used as the criteria for assessing the temperature of impact on the gypsum putty using thermal analysis methods. Equations are obtained to calculate the temperature of impact on the gypsum putty composition according to the thermos-analytical characteristics of putty specimens. Conclusions. The study demonstrates that synchronous thermal analysis can be applied to determine the temperature of impact on the material under study, which is vital for the analysis of a developing indoor fire.
Using air-filled foam to contain and liquidate the flaming combustion of liquefied natural gas spills
Authors: Aleshkov M. V. , Molchanov V. P. , Makarov S. A. , Ioschenko D. A. , Tretyakov A. V. , Bareshkin V. V. , Bituyev R. B. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Using air-filled foam to contain and liquidate the flaming combustion of liquefied natural gas spills is one of the most optimal methods of preventing the escalation of emergencies. However, the amount of data available today is insufficient to standardize the basic parameters of air-filled foam injection.The purpose of this research project is to justify the application of air-filled foam to contain and liquidate the flaming combustion of liquefied natural gas and identify the basic parameters of injection. The following objectives are to be attained towards this end: assessment of the fire and explosion safety of liquefied natural gas and analysis of extinguishing means applicable to spills; experimental determination of the insulating ability of foams, having different expansion factors, if applied to the surface of cryogenic fluid; experimental determination of the fire-fighting efficiency of the foam used to liquidate the flaming combustion of liquefied natural gas; experimental verification of expediency of the joint application of high expansion air-filled foam and extinguishing powders.Results and discussion. Having discussed the findings of the in-house experiments and analyzed the international and domestic tests conducted for this purpose, the authors assume that the application of the foam, whose expansion factor equals 300 to 500 units, can effectively contain and liquidate the flaming combustion of liquefied natural gas. The flaming combustion cannot be liquidated, if lower expansion factor foams are applied. The application rate of the high-expansion air-filled foam, exceeding 0.08 kg/(m2·s), is required to reduce the intensity of flaming combustion. Flaming combustion can be efficiently liquidated if the application rate of high-expansion air-filled foam is set at 0.17 ± 0.01 kg/(m2·s). Fire-extinguishing powders can only be efficiently applied to liquidate the flaming combustion of liquefied natural gas, if its surface is covered in foam.Conclusions. The authors have used their in-house experimental data, analyzed the literary sources and wellknown properties of the fire-extinguishing foam to justify the basic parameters of foam application aimed at the containment and liquidation of the flaming combustion of liquefied natural gas.
Characterization of Kaolin-rich Laterite Soil for Applications for the Development of Soil-based Cosmetic Products
Authors: Dissanayake N.U.S. , Pupulewatte P.G.H. , Jayawardana D.T. , Senevirathne D.M. 
Published: November 2022

The present study aims to characterize the properties of the raw and thermally activated laterite soil to be used to develop cosmetic products. Collected soil samples were washed and air-dried for 48 hours, collected soil samples were air-dried for 48 hours. Air-dried soil was crushed to create 500 µm powdered materials. Thermally activated soil samples were prepared by heating the laterite soil at 100 0C, 200 0C, 300 0C, and 400 0C for 3 hours in a muffle furnace. The physicochemical properties of laterite such as morphology, surface functional groups, elemental composition, surface area, and trace elements were analyzed. The Cell Forming Unit (CFU) was counted in the raw soil, and thermally activated soil samples at the beginning. Antimicrobial Assay was tested with Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms in raw and thermally activated laterite soil. An uncountable amount of microorganisms per gram was observed in the raw soil sample and fewer microorganisms were counted in 100 0C, and 200 0C samples. The CFU was zero microorganisms per gram for the 300 0C, and 400 0C samples. The optimum density of the culture is measured to estimate the growth of the microbial cells. Oil absorption, sweat absorption and swelling capacity were used to characterize the samples with raw and thermally activated soils. The characterization results indicated that chosen soil samples have good oil and sweat absorption, good swelling capacity and microbiological safety, making them suitable for cosmetic applications.
Keywords: Cosmetics, Chemical analysis, Laterite soil, Microbiology, Thermally activation, physiochemical features
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of aqueous fraction of Moringa oleifera Leaves
Authors: Muhammad Abubakar Amali , Abubakar Muhammad Ramadan 
Published: November 2022

Wound healing process could be disrupted by oxidative stress due to presence of reactive oxygen specie (ROS) around the wound. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant properties of bioactive aqueous fraction of M. oleifera for potential wound healing application. Phytochemical screening was conducted using established methods to identify phytochemical composition of the aqueous fraction. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using standard methods of DPPH, phosphomolybdenum, FRAP, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. Phytochemical compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponin glycosides, steroids and volatile oils were found in the bioactive aqueous fraction. The antioxidant assay results showed high antioxidant capacity of aqueous fraction when compared to positive control (standard ascorbic acid). We may therefore conclude that, the capacity to modulate production and quenching of free radicals may contribute significantly to the demonstrated ability of aqueous fraction of M. oleifera to possess pharmacological activity.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera, phytochemical compounds, free radicals, antioxidants,
Toxicological and anti-hyperglycemic studies of five plants used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Benin
Authors: SETON Santorin , KOUKOUI Omédine , AMAGBEGNON Jean Baptiste , BETIRA Mansouratou , SONOUNAMETO Fidèle , ASSOU Eudoxie , SEZAN Alphonse 
Published: November 2022

In Benin as in the African sub-region, the burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and the threats they represent constitute a major public health problem which hinders their economic and social development. NCDs kill 36 million people each year and 80% of deaths occur in developing countries, including Benin. The objective of our work is to evaluate the acute, subacute toxicity and the anti-hyperglycemic activity of five plants listed through an ethno pharmacological survey which is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Benin. The acute toxicity test was conducted on male and female wistar rats at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. The subacute toxicity test was carried out over a period of 28 days, with 6 batches of 3 rats. Batch 1 received daily 1 ml/100 g of distilled water and batches 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively the leaf extracts of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Ex-Wendel; Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. Ex G. Don; Mangifera indica L.; Saccharum officinarum L.; And Annona muricata L. at a daily dose of 200mg/kg per day for 28 days. Administration of the single dose of the extract did not cause any deaths. In rats treated with repeated doses of 200mg/kg for 28 days the variation in weight depends on the extracts. The level of transaminases (AST and ALT) did not vary. Plant extracts did not induce any significant change in creatinine level. All five extracts have anti-hyperglycemic activity. Our results allow us to deduce that these plants can be used to prevent and treat diabetes without the risk of hepatic and renal toxicity.
Keywords: Medicinal plants; Type 2 diabetes; Toxicity; efficacy
The Relationship between Long Use of Communication Devices that Emit Blue Light with Sleep Quality
Authors: Newton Marjasa D. Dicky , Poluan Fransiskus Harf 
Published: November 2022

Nowadays communication device usage has already reached an unprecedented level. Based on data provided by Central Statistics Agency (BPS), by 2018, at least 62% of Indonesian had a cellphone or a smartphone, and 20% had a computer. Besides smartphones and computers, many Indonesians choose television (TV) as their entertainment device, as proven by 57% of Indonesian households having a TV, although the number has been reduced in the past decade. Based on research conducted by Zickuhr, in 2011, average adults in the United States spent 7-10 hours using their communication device per day, with the most usage in the young adult population (18-35 years) and decreasing as the age increased. The recent development of computer-based communication devices increased our chances of spending much time staring at the blue light emitting screen. Research about the blue light emission effect has become a significant concern, especially in the last five years. It is due to its effect on sleep quality and eyes well-being. This research is an analytic descriptive, non-experiment cross-sectional study. The research uses a prospective and retrospective approach due to the type of data is primary data collected using a questionnaire distributed through social media. Based on Slovin's formula, the sample needed for this study is 133 respondents. This study showed a significant correlation between the usage of blue light-emitting communication devices, sleep quality (P = 0.000), and a moderate relation (r = 0.425) with the positive pattern.
Keywords: Communication device usage, blue light, sleeps quality
Sepsis Due to Bacterial Infection: An Analysis based on Ratio Count of Neutrophil – Lymphocyte
Authors: Suryanegara Wiradi , Simarmata Vidi Posdo A. 
Published: November 2022

Sepsis due to bacterial infection is a serious medical emergency and requires prompt and proper handling. Various parameters such as white blood cells count, CRP, and PCT level are used as a marker of sepsis due to bacterial infection. Sepsis is a condition of systemic inflammation with infection. Physiological response to systemic inflammation involves an increased level of neutrophils and a reduction of lymphocyte count; therefore, combining both parameters seems logical, and NLCR could be a simple and even better marker in predicting sepsis. This research aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the NLCR test in patients with sepsis due to bacterial infection. This research was conducted by observing 70 sepsis patients aged 14-70 years at a private hospital in Bekasi and UKI general hospital in July-September 2015 through medical records. This research was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The result of this research showed ROC curve for NLCR test with sensitivity 97.8 % , specificity 84.0 % , and cut off ≥ 6,4 (AUC: 0,94, p-value <0,05). In conclusion, the NLCR is an ideal and efficient marker to diagnose sepsis due to bacterial infection with good sensitivity and specificity tests.
Keywords: Sepsis, NLCR, Sensitivity, Specificity.
An insight into the multifarious applications of biosensors and the way forward
Authors: JoKaurrnal Mandeep , Sharma Shikha , Kumar Deepak 
Published: November 2022

A biosensor is a self-reliant integrated device that is proficient in providing specific quantitative or semi-quantitative analytical information. It has been using a biological recognition component that is in direct spatial contact with a transduction component. It is an appliance that consists of two main parts: a bioreceptor and a transducer. Bioreceptor is a biological component that recognizes the objective of an analyte and a transducer. A physicochemical detector component has also been employed that converts the recognition incident into a measurable signal. All the biological materials including enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, hormones, receptors, organelles, or whole cells can be used as sensors or detectors in a device. Biosensors can provide low-priced and highly capable devices for being used in other day-to-day applications. It has multifarious potential applications of various types such as monitoring of treatment, disease progression, drug discovery, food control, and environmental monitoring as well as it continues to play a crucial role across numerous fields including biomedical diagnosis. In this review, we give a general introduction to biosensors and their applications, including a brief historical overview.
Keywords: Biosensor, Bio-receptor, Transducer, Analyte, Detector.
Sterculia setigera hydroethanolic extract protects brain tissues ex vivo against lipid peroxidation and possesses in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
Authors: Kantati Yendubé T. , Kodjo Magloire K. , Kombate Bignoate , Togbossi Lucie A. , Eklu-Gadegbeku Kwashie , Gbeassor Messanvi 
Published: November 2022

Medicinal plants remain good sources of remedies both in traditional and modern medicine. The present study aimed to evaluate ex vivo and in vitro neuroprotective effects of Sterculia setigera, a medicinal plant of Togolese flora. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate was assayed ex vivo using the combination of ascorbic acid and FeCl2 as prooxidants. In vitro anti-inflammatory tests consisted in the evaluation of inhibition of albumin denaturation and red blood cells hemolysis. DPPH tests, FRAP test and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the hydroethanolic extract of S. setigera were realized. Quantitative determination of total phenols, flavonoids and tannins was also performed. S. setigera hydroethanolic extract protected significantly brain homogenates against lipid peroxidation (-78.28 % of MDA reduction at 200 µg/mL, P<0.001). DDPH radical was scavenged by extract with IC50 of 21.25 ± 0.41 µg/mL, close to that of the standard ascorbic acid (20.60 ± 0.26 µg/mL). The TAC of S. setigera hydroethanolic extract expressed as equivalent of standard ascorbic acid was 102.44 ± 19.48 µg AAE/mg. The IC50 found for S. setigera (139.68 ± 0.36 µg/mL) when inhibiting RBCs hemolysis is very close to that of Diclofenac (128.41 ± 0.21 µg/mL). Among polyphenolic compounds quantified, flavonoids were well represented with concentration of 172.38 ± 8.36 µgRE/mg. The presence of these polyphenolics may explain good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities recorded, confirming its suitable usage in the local pharmacopoeia and making S. setigera a good candidate for neuroprotective drugs discovery.
Keywords: Sterculia setigera, neuroprotection, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory.