bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of survival in stroke patients: application of Cox proportional hazards regression model
Authors: Kassie Abere Wondimu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Evidences showed that stroke is one of the most leading causes of death worldwide, with approximately 11.9 million new stroke patients occurring each year. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate survival time of stroke patients and its determinants in Debre Berhan comprehensive specialized hospital.
Study design and methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on 259 stroke patients enrolled from 1st September 2020 to 1st December 2021. Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test were used. Bivariate and multivariable Cox-PH regression models were also applied at 95% confidence level. Finally, both graphical and Schoenfeld residuals tests were used to the Cox-PH model assumptions.
Results
The mortality rate of stroke patients was 25.12%, and median survival time was 4.438 months. Female patients were 2.894 times more likely to die than males (AHR = 2.894, 95%CI: 1.574, 5.320). Patient age also suggested that the probability of death increased 1.041-fold for each additional month of patient (AHR = 1.041, 95%CI: 1.017, 1.065). Patients with hypertensive stroke were 2.575 times more likely to die than those without hypertension (AHR = 2.575, 95%CI: 1.295, 5.121). It has been also shown that patients with heart disease are 1. 483 times more likely to die than patients without heart disease (AHR = 1.483, 95%CI: 1.059, 1.972).
Conclusion
The prevalence of stroke mortality is relatively high. The patient's gender, age, hypertension, and heart disease have been shown to be contributing factors to a reduced survival time of stroke patients. Therefore, stroke patients with hypertension and heart disease, especially women, need special attention.
Trends and associated factors of HIV, HCV and syphilis infection among different drug users in the China–Vietnam border area: An 11-year cross-sectional study (2010–2020)
Authors: Luo Tong , Lin Zhaosen , Wu Zhenxian , Cen Ping , Nong Aidan , Huang Rongye , Che Jianhua , Liang Fengfeng , Yang Yuan , Liu Jie , Huang Li , Cai Jie , Ou Yanyun , Ye Li , Bao Lijuan , Liang Bingyu , Liang Hao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Data on recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis prevalence among drug users in the Southwest China are sparse despite the high burden of drug use. This study aims at assessing the prevalence trends and related factors of HIV, HCV and syphilis infection among different drug users in the China–Vietnam border area.
Methods
A consecutive cross-sectional survey was conducted among drug users from 2010 to 2020 in the China–Vietnam border area.
Results
A total of 24,543 (84.77%) heroin-only users, 2062 (7.12%) synthetic drug-only (SD-only) users and 2346 (8.10%) poly-drug users participated in this study. From 2010 to 2020, the proportion of heroin-only users decreased from 87.79–75.46%, whereas SD-only users and poly-drug users increased from 5.16–16.03%, and from 7.05–8.52%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV, HCV, and syphilis during the study period declined from 12.76%, 60.37% and 5.72–4.35%, 53.29% and 4.53%, respectively, among heroin-only users and declined from 18.30%, 66.67% and 15.69–6.95%, 27.81% and 5.35%, respectively, among poly-drug users; however, the prevalence of HIV and HCV among SD-only users increased from 0.89% and 8.93–2.84% and 18.75%, respectively. Having ever injected drugs and needle sharing were common risk factors for both HIV and HCV infection among poly-drug users and heroin-only users. Aged ≥ 35 years old was a risk factor for HIV, HCV and syphilis infection among the SD-only users. Female drug users were at high risk of contracting syphilis among three different drug users.
Conclusions
The prevalence of HIV, HCV, and syphilis among heroin-only users and poly-drug users decreased during the study period. However, the prevalence of HIV and HCV among SD-only users increased. Comprehensive intervention strategies, particularly focusing on the SD-only users are needed in order to bring down the disease burden in this population in the China–Vietnam border areas.
Repeated origin of the W chromosome from the Z chromosome in Lepidoptera
Authors: Dai Wenting , Mank Judith , Ban Liping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We built a chromosome-level genome assembly of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Pyraloidea), an economically important pest in corn, from a female, including both the Z and W chromosome. Despite deep conservation of the Z chromosome across Lepidoptera, our chromosome-level W assembly reveals this chromosome has recently derived from the O. furnicalis Z chromosome. We also recover evidence for convergent formation of the W in two other related families, all independently derived from the Z chromosome. Despite its recent origin, the W chromosome has accumulated significant repetitive elements and experienced rapid pseudogenization, illustrating that degeneration can occur rapidly following recombination suppression. Our results, taken together, reveal remarkable dynamics for the sex chromosomes in this otherwise highly-conserved clade.
Overweight increases perioperative spinal surgery complications: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Hirahata Masahiro , Yasui Youichi , Fujita Muneyoshi , Ishii Keisuke , Kawano Hirotaka , Kitagawa Tomoaki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a person with a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 as overweight. Being overweight is a lifestyle-related disease; however, little is known about the impact of overweight on the perioperative complications of orthopedic surgery. This study aimed to define the effect of overweight on the perioperative complications of spinal surgery.
Methods: This retrospective case series study reviewed 269 consecutive patients who underwent spinal surgery. These patients were divided into the overweight (OW) and non-overweight (NOW) groups. Age, BMI, surgical time, blood loss, and perioperative complications were evaluated and compared between the groups.
Results: There were 117 patients (43%) in the OW group and 152 (57%) in the NOW group. The surgical time was significantly longer in the OW group than in the NOW group (204.6 ± 98 min vs. 175 ± 75 min). Blood loss was greater in the OW group than in the NOW group (446.8 ± 447.9 mL vs. 279 ± 296.5 mL). Durotomy was more frequent in the OW group than in the NOW group (10 vs. 3 cases).
Conclusions: OW patients had longer surgical time, more blood loss, and more frequent durotomy than NOW patients. These findings indicate that overweight increases perioperative complications of spinal surgery.
WITHDRAWN: Energy management in smart inter-connected micro-grids using Archimedes optimization algorithm
Authors: Kamel Fayez. , Al-Gazzar Mohamed M. , Mehanna Mohammed A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper produces a modern meta-heuristic optimization technique based on the buoyancy principle called the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA). The proposed algorithm is used here to determine the optimal economic operation of interconnected micro-grids (IMGs). Each micro-grids (MG) includes different types of distributed generation (DG) units such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and micro-turbine (MT) and aims for achieving minimization of total power generation cost as the main objective function taking into consideration the power exchange between the IMGs and utility with special emphasis on technical constraints. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed AOA algorithm, it is compared with another optimization method based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). Results obtained with the AOA algorithm show how managing energy transfer between utility and each MG. For various daily loads, it can reduce electricity consumption while lowering the cost of overall electricity generation, minimizing utility bills, and maximizing micro turbine (MT) efficiency.
Epidemiology of Group A Rotavirus in children under five years of age with gastroenteritis in N’Djamena, Chad
Authors: Djikoloum Bertrand , Abakar Mahamat Fayiz , Ndze Valentine Ngum , Nkandi Rahinatou Ghapoutsa , Enjeh Carine Ngah , Kimala Pidou , Assam Jean Paul Assam , BODA Maurice 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Group A Rotaviruses (RVA) is one of the most common causes of severe diarrhoea in infants and children under 5 years of age. Unlike other African countries where RVA surveillance is active, with routine circulating strains check, in Chad there is not currently RVA surveillance and vaccine introduced in the routine vaccination program. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of RVA gastroenteritis in N'Djamena in view show the impact of RVA on the health of children under five years of age.
Method: This study comprised two parts, (1) a cross-sectional study involving the detection of RVA VP6 protein by ELISA from stool samples collected in four hospitals in N'Djamena between August and November2019 from children aged five years and below, as well as a determination of risk factors through a questionnaire; and (2) a retrospective study consisting of analysing record of stool examinations to determine the frequency of diarrheic gastroenteritis among children aged five and below within the period from January 2016 to December 2018.
Results: For the cross-sectional study, 141 samples were collected and analysed. The percentage of infected individuals was 12.76% (18/141) with males (61.11 %) being the more affected (sex ratio: 1.57). Children under 12 months were the most infected age group (44.44 %) and 44.4% are malnourished. The mean Vesikari score shows that 38.8% of children are at summer of severity and 41.1% have moderate condition. For the retrospective study, 2’592 cases of gastroenteritis hospitalization were analysed and 980 (37.8%) positive cases (all germs combined) of diarrhoea recorded from January 2016 to December 2018. The pic was obtained during the dry seasons, and the age group the most affected was 0 to 11 months with 57.3%.
Conclusion: This study describes the evidence of RVA induced gastroenteritis among children below five years of age in N’Djamena, thus indicate a serious health burden. Malnourish and younger age children were found to be the most at risk of infection. Further studies are needed to determine the strains circulating for considering the introduction of RVA vaccine and establishing a routine surveillance of the disease in Chad.
Evaluation and acceptability of patient-reported outcome measures in women following pelvic organ prolapse procedures
Authors: Ruseckaite Rasa , Jayasinghe Randi , Bavor Claire , Dean Joanne , Daly Oliver , Ahern Susannah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: The Australasian Pelvic Floor Procedure Registry (APFPR) captures clinical and surgical data in women undergoing pelvic floor procedures. The inclusion of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the APFPR is a critical activity providing the additional patient perspective of their condition prior to surgery as well as monitoring beyond the usual post-surgical follow-up time. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of seven PROMs for women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to determine the most suitable instrument for the APFPR.
Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with women with POP (n = 15) and their treating clinicians (n = 11) in Victoria, Australia. Interview topics covered appropriateness, content, and acceptability of seven POP-specific instruments identified through the literature to determine their suitability and acceptability for inclusion in the APFPR. We analysed the interview data using conventional content analysis.
Results: All study participants agreed that PROMs were needed for the APFPR. Both women and clinicians suggested that some of the instruments were ambiguous, too long and confusing. The Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire was accepted widely amongst women and clinicians and recommended for inclusion in the APFPR. All participants agreed it would be appropriate to capture PROMs before surgery, and then followed up post-surgically. Email, phone call or postal mail-out were the preferred options for PROMs data collection.
Conclusion: Most women and clinicians supported incorporating PROMs in the APFPR. Study participants believed that capturing PROMs would have potential use in individual care and improve outcomes of women with POP.
Determining the factors controlling the chemical composition of groundwater using geochemical methods and groundwater health assessment in the Qixing town, southwest China
Authors: Chen Jiajing , Liu Guo. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Studies on groundwater quality and possible hazard to human health are important for improved groundwater utilization. This study explored the chemistry of groundwater in Qixing Town, Langzhong City and the influencing factors. Statistical evaluation, ion correlation, geological modeling analysis, entropy-weighted water quality index assessment, and human health risk evaluation were conducted on data derived from 25 groundwater samples. The main groundwater chemistry types were HCO3-Na and HCO3-Ca. The results of ion and geological modeling analysis indicated that major ion concentrations were mainly determined by cation exchange. The study on the variation of heavy metal concentration in groundwater with depth shows that the heavy metal content in groundwater decreases first and then increases with the increase of depth. And the entropy-weighted water quality index suggested that groundwater was suitable for drinking. The total carcinogenic health risks for Cr and As for both adults and children were higher than the highest permissible hazard value (1 × 10− 4) suggested by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The categorization of hazardous ingestion (HI) by the USEPA indicated a negligible non-carcinogenic hazard to human health by toxic metals. The results suggest the need to increase Cr and As contamination monitoring in shallow groundwater. This study can facilitate the rational rational development of groundwater resources.
Mechanism and Application of Aqueous and Gas Phase Trapping by Spontaneous Imbibition
Authors: Wan Yujin , He Chang , Li Xizhe , Jiao Chunyan , Xu Xuan , Hu Yong , Lin Yaoqiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

For fractured gas reservoirs with strong heterogeneity, aqueous and gas phase trapping affect the gas recovery seriously. The recovery may be less than 50% for some reservoirs while it is only 12% for Beaver River gas field. The aqueous and gas phase trapping mechanism has been revealed by the results of depletion experimental test by using core samples with spontaneous imbibition. The residual pressure is as high as 11.75MPa when a 12.8cm imbibition layer set in the depletion test, resulting in gas recovery deceased 49.5% compared with that without imbibition layer. A mathematical model has been established to exhibit the imbibition thickness. The aqueous and gas phase trapping are analyzed by two representative wells in Weiyuan gas field, the extremely low gas recovery can be explained more rationally. That lays a foundation of improving the gas recovery for fractured reservoirs.
Feature-based interaction between masks and target in continuous flash suppression
Authors: Drewes Jan , Witzel Christoph , Zhu Weina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS) has become one of the most popular tools in the study of visual processing in the absence of conscious awareness. Studies use different kinds of masks, like colorful Mondrians or random noise. Even though the use of CFS is widespread, little is known about some of the underlying neuronal mechanisms, such as the interactions between masks and stimuli. We designed a b-CFS experiment with feature-reduced targets and masks in order to investigate possible effects of feature-similarity or -orthogonality between masks and targets. Masks were pink noise patterns filtered with an orientation band pass to generate a strong directionality. Target stimuli were Gabors varying systematically in their orientational alignment with the masks. We found that stimuli whose orientational alignment was more similar to that of the masks are suppressed significantly longer. This feature-similarity (here: orientation) based enhancement of suppression duration can be overcome by feature orthogonality in another feature dimension (here: color). We conclude that mask-target interactions exist in Continuous Flash Suppression, and the human visual system can use orthogonality within a feature dimension or across feature dimensions to facilitate the breaking of the CFS.
A hybrid honeypot framework for DDOS attacks detection and mitigation
Authors: Melhem Heidi , Dayoub Yaroub 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Dependency on the internet is escalating day by day, which makes it prone to myriad security threats, for instance phishing, SQL injection, malware and attacks. These threaten one or more of the CIA triad elements, which are Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. Hence, ensuring continuous security has become an inseparable challenge. These threats could be detected by the classical mechanisms of security such as IDS (Intrusion Detection System), firewalls and antivirus, but after it happens, which means they act as healing tools but do not prevent the threats, also they do not provide detection for new threats, this is where the Honeypot comes in. Honeypot is a trap used to lure possible attackers and interact with them to detour, expose or prohibit per se attacks and to learn new attacker’s techniques. This paper presents a hybrid framework consisting of two types of honeypots to relieve the flaws of each type and offer the benefits of both types. Testing this framework with real DDOS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack traffic against a webserver has shown that it is not only practical, but also very efficient by keeping the web server’s availability for legitimate users.
Stereoisograms for three-membered heterocycles: V. Factor-group method for type-itemized enumeration of oxiranes under an \textit{RS}-stereoisomeric group.
Authors: Fujita Shinsaku 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The preceding Part IV of this series has described the half-size-subgroup method for type-itemized enumeration of stereoisograms by adopting epoxide (oxirane) derivatives as probes. As a continuation of this series, the present Part V has proposed the factor-group method for type-itemized enumeration of stereoisograms. The two methods are compared by applying to epoxide (oxirane) derivatives as common probes. The merit of the factor-group method is emphasized by adopting the same mark table during the treatments of Category 1 to Category 3 for categorizing type-I to type-V stereoisograms. Thus, the coset decomposition of the \textit{RS}-stereoisomeric group ${\bf C}_{2v\widetilde{\sigma}\widehat{I}}$ by the subgroup ${\bf C}_{2}$ is calculated so as to give the corresponding factor group. After the mark table of the factor group is obtained, type-itemized enumerations of epoxide derivatives are conducted, where five types of stereoisograms are classified into the three categories. Isomer-classification schemes and isomer-classification diagrams are introduced in order to illustrate epoxide derivatives of respective compositions.
Identification and characterization of RuvBL DNA helicase genes for tolerance against abiotic stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Chaudhary Jyoti , Gautam Tinku , Gahlaut Vijay , Singh Kalpana , Kumar Sourabh , Batra Ritu , Gupta Pushpendra Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
RuvBL helicase genes represent a conserved family of genes, which are known to be involved in providing tolerance against abiotic stresses like heat and drought in plants. We identified nine wheat RuvBL genes on nine different chromosomes, belonging to homoeologous groups 2, 3, and 4. Analysis of the structure and function of these genes revealed that the (i) length of genes ranged from 1647 to 2197 bp; (ii) genes exhibit synteny with corresponding genes in related species including Ae. tauschii, Z. mays, O. sativa, H. vulgare and B. distachyon; (iii) gene sequences were associated with cis-elements and transposable elements; (iv) the genes TaRuvBL1a-4A and TaRuvBL1a-4B also carried targets for a widely known miRNA, tae-miR164. Gene ontology revealed that these genes were closely associated with ATP-dependent formation of histone acetyltransferase complex. Analysis of the structure and function of RuvBL proteins revealed that (i) proteins were localized mainly in the cytoplasm; (ii) the protein encoded by the representative gene TaRuvBL1a-4A was shown to be involved in protein-protein interactions with ten other proteins; (iii) on the basis of phylogeny, RuvBL proteins were placed in two sub-divisions, namely RuvBL1 and RuvBL2, which were further classified into clusters and sub-clusters. In-silico expression analysis suggested that these genes were differentially expressed under heat/drought. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that expression of TaRuvBL genes differed among wheat cultivars with varying degrees of thermotolerance. This study advances our understanding of the biological role of wheat RuvBL genes and should help in planning future studies on RuvBL genes in wheat.
A 20Gb/s Two-Stage Active Inductor CTLE in 28-nm CMOS
Authors: Zhang Chunming , Wang Yibo , Wang Hao , Xu Yangzhen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) with an active inductor load simultaneously connected in parallel to low frequency branch. The equalizer uses two-stage CTLE, the first stage compensating for high-frequency (HF) attenuation and the second stage equalizer compensates medium-frequency (MF) and HF by parallel low-frequency branches. The MF stage is used for the long-tail Intern symbol interference (ISI) equalization to minimize residual ISI. Equalizer with voltage control capacitor to configure the distribution of zero poles, for the HF has a configurable range of 0.5dB.The low-frequency gain can be configured by changing the load current of the active inductor to reduce the effect of parasitic resistance on the layout. The layout size is 5.9um*6um based on a 28nm CMOS process. The post layout results show that the equalizer has a maximum compensation capability of 10.37dB at a rate of 20Gb/s with an eye width of 0.85UI.
Aquatic Food Loss and Waste from Production to Consumption: United States Case Study
Authors: Love David , Asche Frank , Fry Jillian , Nguyen Ly , Gephart Jessica , Garlock Taryn , Jenkins Lekelia , Anderson James , Brown Mark , Viglia Silvio , Nussbaumer Elizabeth , Neff Roni 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Food loss and waste (FLW) is a major challenge to food system sustainability, including aquatic foods. Few data exist on aquatic FLW outside of small-scale fisheries, with major gaps in aquaculture species that make up half of global production. We investigated aquatic FLW in the food supply of the United States (US), the largest importer of aquatic food globally. We show that there are significant differences in FLW among species, production technology, origin, and stage of supply chain. We estimate that the total FLW was 22.7%, significantly lower than the 50% earlier reported in the literature, illustrating the importance of applying a disaggregated approach. Production losses from imports contribute over a quarter of total FLW, which strongly illustrates the importance of implementing systems approaches and multinational efforts to reduce FLW. The findings inform prioritization of solutions, including areas of needed innovations, government incentives, policy change, infrastructure and equity.