bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrolysierte Säuglingsnahrung für die Allergieprävention – wissenschaftliche Evidenz und Empfehlungen für die Praxis
Authors: Ghoreishi Narges , Riedmüller Jonathan , Knüppel Sven , Müller-Graf Christine , Weißenborn Anke 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Laut S3-Leitlinie „Allergieprävention“ (Update 2021) soll bei nicht (voll) gestillten Säuglingen mit erhöhtem Allergierisiko geprüft werden, ob eine Säuglingsnahrung mit nachgewiesener allergiepräventiver Wirksamkeit verfügbar ist. Einige Hersteller bewerben ihre Produkte entsprechend.

Ziel der Arbeit
Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die wissenschaftliche Evidenz und internationale Empfehlungen zum Einsatz von hydrolysierter Säuglingsnahrung (sog. hypoallergene [HA-]Nahrung) zur Prävention von atopischen Erkrankungen.

Materialien und Methoden
In medizinischen Datenbanken wurde eine Literaturrecherche (Zeitraum: 2016–2021) zum Nutzen von hydrolysierten Säuglingsnahrungen für die Allergieprävention bei Risikokindern und zu entsprechenden internationalen Leitlinien durchgeführt. Auf dieser Basis wurden die aktuelle Empfehlung der deutschen S3-Leitlinie sowie die Produkte auf dem deutschen Markt eingeordnet.

Ergebnisse
Es gibt keine hinreichenden Belege für einen generellen allergiepräventiven Nutzen von Säuglingsnahrungen mit Proteinhydrolysat bei Säuglingen mit erhöhtem Allergierisiko. Die GINI-Interventionsstudie deutet darauf hin, dass eine der eingesetzten Hydrolysatnahrungen zur Prävention atopischer Dermatitis bei Risikokindern wirksam gewesen sein könnte. Die Ergebnisse können aber, auch angesichts methodischer Schwächen, nicht als alleinige Basis für eine allgemeine Empfehlung zur Verwendung von HA-Nahrung herangezogen werden. Internationale Fachgesellschaften sprechen sich seit einigen Jahren eher gegen eine solche Empfehlung aus.

Diskussion
Für die derzeit in Deutschland vermarkteten Säuglingsnahrungen auf Basis von partiell hydrolysiertem Protein fehlen Wirksamkeitsbelege. Sie können daher nicht zur Allergieprävention empfohlen werden.
Landownership concentration and human capital accumulation in post-unification Italy
Authors: Mariella Vitantonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to the debate on institutions and economic development by assessing the relationship between landownership concentration and education. Using historical data at both the district and province levels in post-unification Italy from 1871 to 1921, I find evidence of an adverse effect of land inequality on literacy rates. Instrumental variable estimates using malaria pervasiveness as a source of exogenous variation rule out concerns regarding potential endogeneity. Exploration of the panel dimension of the data reveals that several shocks during this period affected the relationship between land inequality and literacy rates. In addition, this paper provides insights into the mechanism behind this relationship by analyzing the impact on intermediate outputs, such as enrollment rates in primary school, child-teacher ratio, school density, child labor, and municipality expenditures. Land inequality may have adversely affected literacy rates not only by influencing schooling supply through the political process but also through the private demand for education.
Methods in food defence: a simple and robust screening for 16 rodenticides by LC-DAD/FLD following QuEChERS–based extraction
Authors: Menacher Georg , Masberg Benedikt , Elsinghorst Paul W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFortunately, the intentional contamination of food or water supplies out of criminal or terroristic motivation is a rather rare event. However, in the face of asymmetric warfare and as the consequences of such an event would be severe, food defence as a necessary supplement to food safety is gaining increased attention. While some progress has been made in developing non-target detection devices, the contamination of food or water supplies using readily available rodenticides may still be revealed only by complex analytical techniques. The presented study therefore aimed to develop a quick and easy screening method for the detection of sixteen globally common rodenticides in foodstuffs. Robust operation with limited personnel and analytical resources were one benchmark to be met by the method, which uses a slightly modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) protocol for dispersive solid-phase extraction and subsequent ion-pair chromatography with diode-array and fluorescence detection. Quantification limits were as low as 5 µg/kg with satisfying bias (recovery) and repeatability rates of 77 to 117% and 1.8 to 17.1%, respectively. The developed method provides reliable and robust detection of these deadly poisons at toxic concentrations, which was demonstrated impressively in an improvised assault scenario.
A new concept of the fiber composition of cervical spinal dura mater: an investigation utilizing the P45 sheet plastination technique
Authors: Zhuang Jing , Gong Jin , Hack Gary D. , Chi Yan-Yan , Song Yang , Yu Sheng-Bo , Sui Hong-Jin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeFew reports have been published regarding the microanatomy of the dura mater located at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). In clinic, the precise microanatomy of the CVJ dura mater would be taken into account, for reducing surgical complications and ineffective surgical outcomes. The main objective of the present investigation was to further elucidate the fiber composition and sources of the cervical spinal dura mater.MethodsThe formalin-fixed adult head and neck specimens (n = 21) were obtained and P45 plastinated section method was utilized for the present study. The fibers of the upper cervical spinal dura mater (SDM) were examined in the P45 sagittal sections in the CVJ area. All photographic documentation was performed via a Canon EOS 7D Mark camera.ResultsThe posterior wall of the SDM sac at CVJ was found to be composed of stratified fibers, which are derived from three sources: the cerebral dura mater, the occipital periosteum, and the myodural bridge (MDB). The proper layer of the cerebral dura mater passes over the brim of the foramen magnum and enters the vertebral canal to form the inner layer of the SDM, and the fibers originating from the periosteum of the brim of the foramen magnum form the middle layer. The fibers of the MDB are inserted into the SDM and form its outer layer. It was found that the total number of fibers from each origin varied in humans.ConclusionAt the CVJ, the posterior wall of the SDM is a multi-layered structure composed of three different originated fibers. The cerebral dura mater, the periosteum located at the brim of the foramen magnum, and MDB contribute to the formation of the SDM. The present study would be beneficial to the choice of surgical approach at the CVJ and the protection of the SDB.
Prognostic implication of TERT promoter mutation and circulating tumor cells in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Carrasco Raquel , Ingelmo-Torres Mercedes , Gómez Ascensión , Roldán Fiorella L. , Segura Natalia , Ribal María José , Alcaraz Antonio , Izquierdo Laura , Mengual Lourdes 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Current clinical prognostic factors are not accurate enough to identify and monitor those muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients at high risk of progression after radical cystectomy (RC). Here, we determined genetic alterations in the tumor and circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration to find biomarkers useful for the management of MIBC after RC.

Methods
Thirty-nine MIBC patients undergoing RC were included. Tumoral tissue DNA was analyzed by next generation sequencing. CTCs were isolated from blood collected before RC and one, four and 12 months later.

Results
Sixteen (41%) patients progressed in a median time of 8.5 months and 11 (69%) of these patients harbored the TERT c.-124C > T mutation. All progressive patients harboring the TERT c.-124C > T mutation presented a significant increase in CTC number 12 months after RC compared to those without the mutation. Additionally, CTC number at 12 months was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker for tumor progression and cancer specific survival (CSS). Ten (63%) progressive patients showed an increment of CTC number with a median anticipation period of four months compared with imaging techniques.

Conclusions
The TERT c.-124C > T mutation could be considered a biomarker of aggressivity. CTC enumeration is a useful tool for identifying MIBC patients at high risk of progression and CSS after RC and for detecting tumor progression earlier than imaging techniques.
Dominant-acting CSF1R variants cause microglial depletion and altered astrocytic phenotype in zebrafish and adult-onset leukodystrophy
Authors: Berdowski Woutje M. , van der Linde Herma C. , Breur Marjolein , Oosterhof Nynke , Beerepoot Shanice , Sanderson Leslie , Wijnands Lieve I. , de Jong Patrick , Tsai-Meu-Chong Elisa , de Valk Walter , de Witte Moniek , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , Demmers Jeroen , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Bugiani Marianna , Wolf Nicole I. , van Ham Tjakko J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTissue-resident macrophages of the brain, including microglia, are implicated in the pathogenesis of various CNS disorders and are possible therapeutic targets by their chemical depletion or replenishment by hematopoietic stem cell therapy. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of microglial function and the consequences of microglial depletion in the human brain is lacking. In human disease, heterozygous variants in CSF1R, encoding the Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, can lead to adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) possibly caused by microglial depletion. Here, we investigate the effects of ALSP-causing CSF1R variants on microglia and explore the consequences of microglial depletion in the brain. In intermediate- and late-stage ALSP post-mortem brain, we establish that there is an overall loss of homeostatic microglia and that this is predominantly seen in the white matter. By introducing ALSP-causing missense variants into the zebrafish genomic csf1ra locus, we show that these variants act dominant negatively on the number of microglia in vertebrate brain development. Transcriptomics and proteomics on relatively spared ALSP brain tissue validated a downregulation of microglia-associated genes and revealed elevated astrocytic proteins, possibly suggesting involvement of astrocytes in early pathogenesis. Indeed, neuropathological analysis and in vivo imaging of csf1r zebrafish models showed an astrocytic phenotype associated with enhanced, possibly compensatory, endocytosis. Together, our findings indicate that microglial depletion in zebrafish and human disease, likely as a consequence of dominant-acting pathogenic CSF1R variants, correlates with altered astrocytes. These findings underscore the unique opportunity CSF1R variants provide to gain insight into the roles of microglia in the human brain, and the need to further investigate how microglia, astrocytes, and their interactions contribute to white matter homeostasis.
Extraocular muscle enlargement
Authors: Rana Khizar , Juniat Valerie , Patel Sandy , Selva Dinesh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExtraocular muscle enlargement can occur secondary to a range of orbital and systemic diseases. Although the most common cause of extraocular muscle enlargement is thyroid eye disease, a range of other inflammatory, infective, neoplastic, and vascular conditions can alter the size and shape of the extraocular muscles. Imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging plays an essential role in the workup of these conditions. This article provides an image-rich review of the wide range of pathology that can cause enlargement of the extraocular muscles.
The significance of the extent of tissue embedding for the detection of incidental prostate carcinoma on transurethral prostate resection material: the more, the better?
Authors: Köllermann Jens , Hoeh Benedikt , Ruppel Daniel , Smith Kevin , Reis Henning , Wenzel Mike , Preisser Felix , Kosiba Marina , Mandel Philipp , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Becker Andreas , Chun Felix K. H. , Wild Peter , Kluth Luis A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the incidental prostate cancer (iPCa) detection rates of different embedding methods in a large, contemporary cohort of patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) treated with transurethral surgery. We relied on an institutional tertiary-care database to identify BOO patients who underwent either transurethral loop resection or laser (Holmium:yttrium–aluminium garnet) enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) between 01/2012 and 12/2019. Embedding methods differed with regard to the extent of the additional prostate tissue submitted following the first ten cassettes of primary embedding (cohort A: one [additional] cassette/10 g residual tissue vs. cohort B: complete embedding of the residual tissue). Detection rates of iPCa among the different embedding methods were compared. Subsequently, subgroup analyses by embedding protocol were repeated in HoLEP-treated patients only. In the overall cohort, the iPCa detection rate was 11% (46/420). In cohort A (n = 299), tissue embedding resulted in a median of 8 cassettes/patient (range 1–38) vs. a median of 15 (range 2–74) in cohort B (n = 121) (p < .001). The iPCa detection rate was 8% (23/299) and 19% (23/121) in cohort A vs. cohort B, respectively (p < .001). Virtual reduction of the number of tissue cassettes to ten cassettes resulted in a iPCa detection rate of 96% in both cohorts, missing one stage T1a/ISUP grade 1 carcinoma. Increasing the number of cassettes by two and eight cassettes, respectively, resulted in a detection rate of 100% in both cohorts without revealing high-grade carcinomas. Subgroup analyses in HoLEP patients confirmed these findings, demonstrated by a 100 vs. 96% iPCa detection rate following examination of the first ten cassettes, missing one case of T1a/ISUP 1. Examination of 8 additional cassettes resulted in a 100% detection rate. The extent of embedding of material obtained from transurethral prostate resection correlates with the iPCa detection rate. However, the submission of 10 cassettes appears to be a reasonable threshold to reduce resource utilization while maintaining secure cancer detection.
Inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor progression of MK-0429, an integrin αvβ3 antagonist, on oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nakagawa Takayuki , Ohta Kouji , Naruse Takako , Sakuma Miyuki , Fukada Syohei , Yamakado Nao , Akagi Misaki , Sasaki Kazuki , Niwata Chieko , Ono Shigehiro , Aikawa Tomonao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Integrin αvβ3 is an essential molecule for tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effect of MK-0429, an integrin αvβ3 antagonist, on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through its inhibitory effect on angiogenesis.

Methods
In this study, we investigated the effect of MK-0429 on cellular function and angiogenesis in vitro with the use of an immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cell, HUEhT-1, which is immortalized by the electroporatic transfection of hTERT. The effect of MK-0429 on the integrin αvβ3 signaling pathway was examined by FAK, MEK1/2 and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. The anti-angiogenic effect of MK-0429 was evaluated by in vitro tube formation assay. The anti-tumor effect on OSCC was assessed by administrating MK-0429 to mouse oral cancer xenografts.

Results
MK-0429 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion of HUEhT-1 in a dose-dependent manner. FAK, MEK and ERK phosphorylation were significantly blocked by MK-0429 treatment. Tube formation was suppressed by MK-0429 in dose-dependent manner. Tumor progression was significantly suppressed by MK-0429 administration in mouse oral cancer xenografts. Histological study revealed that MK-0429 decreased tumor vascularization.

Conclusion
These results indicated integrin αvβ3 as a therapeutic target for OSCC and suggested that MK-0429 might be clinically applicable as an anti-tumor agent with potent anti-angiogenic activity.
Edgeworth approximations for distributions of symmetric statistics
Authors: Bloznelis Mindaugas , Götze Friedrich 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the distribution of a general class of asymptotically linear statistics which are symmetric functions of N independent observations. The distribution functions of these statistics are approximated by an Edgeworth expansion with a remainder of order $$o(N^{-1})$$

o
(

N

-
1

)

. The Edgeworth expansion is based on Hoeffding’s decomposition which provides a stochastic expansion into a linear part, a quadratic part as well as smaller higher order parts. The validity of this Edgeworth expansion is proved under Cramér’s condition on the linear part, moment assumptions for all parts of the statistic and an optimal dimensionality requirement for the non linear part.
Management of the congenital solitary kidney: consensus recommendations of the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology
Authors: La Scola Claudio , Ammenti Anita , Bertulli Cristina , Bodria Monica , Brugnara Milena , Camilla Roberta , Capone Valentina , Casadio Luca , Chimenz Roberto , Conte Maria L. , Conversano Ester , Corrado Ciro , Guarino Stefano , Luongo Ilaria , Marsciani Martino , Marzuillo Pierluigi , Meneghesso Davide , Pennesi Marco , Pugliese Fabrizio , Pusceddu Sara , Ravaioli Elisa , Taroni Francesca , Vergine Gianluca , Peruzzi Licia , Montini Giovanni 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
In recent years, several studies have been published on the prognosis of children with congenital solitary kidney (CSK), with controversial results, and a worldwide consensus on management and follow-up is lacking. In this consensus statement, the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology summarizes the current knowledge on CSK and presents recommendations for its management, including diagnostic approach, nutritional and lifestyle habits, and follow-up.

Summary of the recommendations
We recommend that any antenatal suspicion/diagnosis of CSK be confirmed by neonatal ultrasound (US), avoiding the routine use of further imaging if no other anomalies of kidney/urinary tract are detected. A CSK without additional abnormalities is expected to undergo compensatory enlargement, which should be assessed by US. We recommend that urinalysis, but not blood tests or genetic analysis, be routinely performed at diagnosis in infants and children showing compensatory enlargement of the CSK. Extrarenal malformations should be searched for, particularly genital tract malformations in females. An excessive protein and salt intake should be avoided, while sport participation should not be restricted. We recommend a lifelong follow-up, which should be tailored on risk stratification, as follows: low risk: CSK with compensatory enlargement, medium risk: CSK without compensatory enlargement and/or additional CAKUT, and high risk: decreased GFR and/or proteinuria, and/or hypertension. We recommend that in children at low-risk periodic US, urinalysis and BP measurement be performed; in those at medium risk, we recommend that serum creatinine also be measured; in high-risk children, the schedule has to be tailored according to kidney function and clinical data.
Heat stress in Africa under high intensity climate change
Authors: Parkes B. , Buzan J. R. , Huber M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExtreme weather events are major causes of loss of life and damage infrastructure worldwide. High temperatures cause heat stress on humans, livestock, crops and infrastructure. Heat stress exposure is projected to increase with ongoing climate change. Extremes of temperature are common in Africa and infrastructure is often incapable of providing adequate cooling. We show how easily accessible cooling technology, such as evaporative coolers, prevent heat stress in historic timescales but are unsuitable as a solution under climate change. As temperatures increase, powered cooling, such as air conditioning, is necessary to prevent overheating. This will, in turn, increase demand on already stretched infrastructure. We use high temporal resolution climate model data to estimate the demand for cooling according to two metrics, firstly the apparent temperature and secondly the discomfort index. For each grid cell we calculate the heat stress value and the amount of cooling required to turn a heat stress event into a non heat stress event. We show the increase in demand for cooling in Africa is non uniform and that equatorial countries are exposed to higher heat stress than higher latitude countries. We further show that evaporative coolers are less effective in tropical regions than in the extra tropics. Finally, we show that neither low nor high efficiency coolers are sufficient to return Africa to current levels of heat stress under climate change.
Investigation of the Impact of Powder Shape on Spreading Dense Layers Using the Spreading Tester
Authors: Mitterlehner Marco , Gschiel Harald , Danninger Herbert , Gierl-Mayer Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (LB-PBF) technologies, spreading of powder layers as dense and as fully covered as possible is of crucial importance for a good processability of powders. Poorly covered layers or layers with undesirable features in it, such as elongated, powderless craters in the direction of spreading, might result in defective printed parts. The reason for this could be either poor powder quality or a poorly adjusted build job. To investigate the surface coverage of a single spread powder layer, a new method was developed using the Spreading Tester. With this, two powder grades differing mostly in their particle shape were used to investigate the impact of powder shape on the surface coverage.
Negative sulfur-based electrodes and their application in battery cells: Dual-ion batteries as an example
Authors: Küpers Verena , Kolek Martin , Bieker Peter , Stan Marian Cristian , Placke Tobias , Winter Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, a cell concept comprising of an anion intercalating graphite-based positive electrode (cathode) and an elemental sulfur-based negative electrode (anode) is presented as a transition metal- and in a specific concept even Li-free cell setup using a Li-ion containing electrolyte or a Mg-ion containing electrolyte. The cell achieves discharge capacities of up to 37 mAh g−1 and average discharge cell voltages of up to 1.9 V. With this setup, more than 100 cycles with a high capacity retention (> 90% of the highest achieved value) and Coulombic efficiencies up to 95% could be achieved, which opens a broad new field for energy storage approaches.
Chinese or western finance? Transparency, official credit flows, and the international political economy of development
Authors: Cormier Ben 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Why do some developing countries obtain more official finance from China vis-a-vis Western sources? This study finds borrower transparency significantly affects which governments borrow more from China. From a supply side perspective, Chinese lending agencies have incentives to lend more to untransparent borrowers. From a demand side perspective, untransparent borrowers have incentives to use Chinese finance to avoid Western pressure to become more transparent. These findings and explanations have three implications. First, they help explain variation in external debt composition across developing countries using official credit. Second, they have implications for the international political economy of developing countries’ financial ties to China. Third, they imply the use of Chinese finance may allow untransparent governments to remain so, an important implication for the political economy of development.