bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnicity and Gender in Museum Representations of Human Evolution
Authors: Piqueras Jesús , Achiam Marianne , Edvall Susanna , Ek Charlotte 
Published: January 2022

Abstract Scientific representations of human evolution often embrace stereotypes of ethnicity and gender that are more aligned with socio-cultural discourses and norms than empirical facts. The present study has two connected aims: to understand how ethnicity and gender are represented in an exhibition about human evolution, and to understand how that representation influences learners’ meaning making. First, we analysed an exhibition with realistic reconstructions of early hominids in a museum of natural history, to identify dualisms related to the representation of gender and ethnicity that have been recognised in research. Then, we studied the processes of meaning making in the exhibition during an out-of-school educational activity, in which groups of teenaged students explore and discuss the hominid reconstructions. Our results show that the exhibition displays human evolution in the form of a linear sequence from a primitive African prehistory to a more advanced European present. Behind this depiction of human evolution lies stereotypic notions of ethnicity and gender: notions that were incorporated into the students’ meaning making during the educational activity. When students noticed aspects of ethnicity, their meaning making did not dispute the messages represented in the exhibition; these were accepted as scientific facts. Conversely, when the students noticed aspects related to gender, they often adopted a more critical stance and challenged the representations from different perspectives. We discuss the implications of our findings for exhibit design and evolution education more generally. In doing so, we offer our perspectives on the design of learning environments to salvage inherently sexist, racist, imperial science.
Social factors of procrastination: group work can reduce procrastination among students
Authors: Koppenborg Markus , Klingsieck Katrin B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch on procrastination covers a variety of individual factors (e.g., conscientiousness) and this focus is reflected in interventions against procrastination. Less emphasis is put on situational and social factors that may help students reduce procrastination, such as social interdependence. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between interdependence with academic procrastination and affective variables. Two vignette studies with student samples (N1 = 320,N2 = 193) were conducted and data was analyzed with regression analyses and analyses of covariance. Results of both studies show lower state procrastination in group work with interdependence compared to individual work, especially in participants with high trait procrastination. This difference is more pronounced when interdependence is accompanied by an active commitment to finish the task on time. Further, interdependent group work is related to increased positive affect and decreased negative affect. The results demonstrate the relevance of situational and social factors for academic procrastination, and point toward new approaches for intervention.
Phenomenological Model of Nonlinear Dynamics and Deterministic Chaotic Gas Migration in Bentonite: Experimental Evidence and Diagnostic Parameters
Authors: Faybishenko Boris , Wang Yifeng , Harrington Jon , Tamayo-Mas Elena , Birkholzer Jens , Jové-Colón Carlos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding gas migration in compacted clay materials, e.g., bentonite and claystone, is important for the design and performance assessment of an engineered barrier system of a radioactive waste repository system, as well as many practical applications. Existing field and laboratory data on gas migration processes in low-permeability clay materials demonstrate the complexity of flow and transport processes, including various types of instabilities, caused by nonlinear dynamics of coupled processes of liquid–gas exchange, dilation, fracturing, fracture healing, etc., which cannot be described by classical models of fluid dynamics in porous media. We here show that the complexity of gas migration processes can be explained using a phenomenological concept of nonlinear dynamics and deterministic chaos theory. To do so, we analyzed gas pressure and gas influx (i.e., input) and outflux (i.e., output), recorded during the gas injection experiment in the compact Mx80-D bentonite sample, and calculated a set of the diagnostic parameters of nonlinear dynamics and chaos, such a global embedding dimension, a correlation dimension, an information dimension, and a spectrum of Lyapunov exponents, as well as plotted 2D and 3D pseudo-phase-space strange attractors, based on the univariate influx and outflux time series data. These results indicate the presence of phenomena of low-dimensional deterministic chaotic behavior of gas migration in bentonite. In particular, during the onset of gas influx in the bentonite core, before the breakthrough, the development of gas flow pathways is characterized by the process of chaotic gas diffusion. After the breakthrough, with inlet-to-outlet movement of gas, the prevailing process is chaotic advection. During the final phase of the experiment, with no influx to the sample, the relaxation pattern of gas outflux is resumed back to a process of chaotic diffusion. The types of data analysis and a proposed phenomenological model can be used to establish the basic principles of experimental data-gathering, modeling predictions, and a research design.
DExIE - An IoT-Class Hardware Monitor for Real-Time Fine-Grained Control-Flow Integrity
Authors: Spang Christoph , Lavan Yannick , Hartmann Marco , Meisel Florian , Koch Andreas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Dynamic Execution Integrity Engine (DExIE) is a lightweight hardware monitor that can be flexibly attached to many IoT-class processor pipelines. It is guaranteed to catch both inter- and intra-function illegal control flows in time to prevent any illegal instructions from touching memory. The performance impact of attaching DExIE to a core depends on the concrete pipeline structure. In some especially suitable cases, extending a processor with DExIE will have no performance penalty. DExIE is real-time capable, as it causes no or only up to 10.4 % additional and then predictable pipeline stalls. Depending on the monitored processor’s size and structure, DExIE is faster than software-based monitoring and often smaller than a separate guard processor. We present not just the hardware architecture, but also the automated programming flow, and discuss compact adaptable storage formats to hold fine-grained control flow information.
Evaluating the aerobic xylene-degrading potential of the intrinsic microbial community of a legacy BTEX-contaminated aquifer by enrichment culturing coupled with multi-omics analysis: uncovering the role of Hydrogenophaga strains in xylene degradation
Authors: Banerjee Sinchan , Bedics Anna , Harkai Péter , Kriszt Balázs , Alpula Nagaraju , Táncsics András 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo develop effective bioremediation strategies, it is always important to explore autochthonous microbial community diversity using substrate-specific enrichment. The primary objective of this present study was to reveal the diversity of aerobic xylene-degrading bacteria at a legacy BTEX-contaminated site where xylene is the predominant contaminant, as well as to identify potential indigenous strains that could effectively degrade xylenes, in order to better understand the underlying facts about xylene degradation using a multi-omics approach. Henceforward, parallel aerobic microcosms were set up using different xylene isomers as the sole carbon source to investigate evolved bacterial communities using both culture-dependent and independent methods. Research outcome showed that the autochthonous community of this legacy BTEX-contaminated site has the capability to remove all of the xylene isomers from the environment aerobically employing different bacterial groups for different xylene isomers. Interestingly, polyphasic analysis of the enrichments disclose that the community composition of the o-xylene-degrading enrichment community was utterly distinct from that of the m- and p-xylene-degrading enrichments. Although in each of the enrichments Pseudomonas and Acidovorax were the dominant genera, in the case of o-xylene-degrading enrichment Rhodococcus was the main player. Among the isolates, two Hydogenophaga strains, belonging to the same genomic species, were obtained from p-xylene-degrading enrichment, substantially able to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons including xylene isomers aerobically. Comparative whole-genome analysis of the strains revealed different genomic adaptations to aromatic hydrocarbon degradation, providing an explanation on their different xylene isomer-degrading abilities.
Sources of airborne particulate matter-bound metals and spatial-seasonal variability of health risk potentials in four large cities, South Korea
Authors: Choi Eunhwa , Yi Seung-Muk , Lee Young Su , Jo Hyeri , Baek Sung-Ok , Heo Jong-Bae 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFifteen airborne particulate matter-bound metals were analyzed at 14 sites in four large cities (Seoul, Incheon, Busan, Daegu) in South Korea, between August 2013 and June 2017. Among the seven sources resolved by positive matrix factorization, soil dust and marine aerosol accounted for the largest and second largest portions in the three cities; however, in Seoul, soil dust and traffic occupied the largest and the second largest, respectively. Non-carcinogenic risk assessed by inhalation of eight metals (Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, As, Al, Mn, and V) was greater than the hazard index (HI) of 1 at four sites located at or near the industrial complexes. Cumulative incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) due to exposure to five metals (Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, and As) exceeded the 10−6 cancer benchmark at 14 sites and 10−5 at six sites, which includes four sites with HI greater than 1. The largest contributor to ILCR was coal combustion in Seoul, Incheon, and Daegu, and industry sources in Busan. Moreover, industry sources were the largest contributors to non-carcinogenic risk in Seoul, Busan, and Daegu, and soil dust was in Incheon. Incheon had the highest HI in spring because of the higher contribution of soil dust sources than in other seasons. The higher ILCR in Incheon in spring and winter and higher ILCR and HI in Daegu in autumn were mainly due to the influence of industry or coal combustion sources. Statistically significant differences in the ILCR and HI values among the sampling sites in Busan and Daegu resulted from the higher contribution of industry sources at a certain site in the respective city.
Patient Perspectives on Improving Patient-Provider Relationships and Provider Communication During Opioid Tapering
Authors: Kosakowski Sarah , Benintendi Allyn , Lagisetty Pooja , Larochelle Marc R. , Bohnert Amy S. B. , Bazzi Angela R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Efforts to reduce opioid overdose fatalities have resulted in tapering (i.e., reducing or discontinuing) opioid prescriptions despite a limited understanding of patients’ experiences.

Objective
To explore patients’ perspectives on opioid taper experiences to ultimately improve taper processes and outcomes.

Design
Qualitative study.

Participants
Patients on long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain who had undergone a reduction of opioid daily prescribed dosage of ≥50% in the past 2 years in two distinct medical systems and regions.

Approach
From 2019 to 2020, we conducted semi-structured interviews that were audio-recorded, transcribed, systematically coded, and analyzed to summarize the content and identify key themes regarding taper experiences overall and with particular attention to patient-provider relationships and provider communication during tapers.

Key Results
Participants (n=41) had lived with chronic pain for an average of 17.4 years (range, 3–36 years) and described generally adverse experiences with opioid tapers, the initiation of which was not always adequately justified or explained to them. Consequences of tapers ranged from minor to substantial and included withdrawal, mobility issues, emotional distress, exacerbated mental health symptoms, and feelings of social stigmatization for which adequate supports were typically unavailable. Narratives highlighted the consequential role of patient-provider relationships throughout taper experiences, with most participants describing significant interpersonal challenges including poor provider communication and limited patient engagement in decision making. A few participants identified qualities of providers, relationships, and communication that fostered more positive taper experiences and outcomes.

Conclusions
From patients’ perspectives, opioid tapers can produce significant physical, emotional, and social consequences, sometimes reducing trust and engagement in healthcare. Patient-provider relationships and communication influence patients’ perceptions of the quality and outcomes of opioid tapers. To improve patients’ experiences of opioid tapers, tapering plans should be based on individualized risk-benefit assessments and involve patient-centered approaches and improved provider communication.
In Vitro Mitral Valve Model with Unrestricted Ventricular Access: Using Vacuum to Close the Valve and Enable Static Trans-Mitral Pressure
Authors: Stephens Sam E. , Kammien Alexander J. , Paris Jacob C. , Applequist Alexis P. , Ingels Neil B. , Jensen Hanna K. , Rodgers Drew E. , Cole Charles R. , Wenk Jonathan F. , Jensen Morten O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCurrent in vitro models of the left heart establish the pressure difference required to close the mitral valve by sealing and pressurizing the ventricular side of the valve, limiting important access to the subvalvular apparatus. This paper describes and evaluates a system that establishes physiological pressure differences across the valve using vacuum on the atrial side. The subvalvular apparatus is open to atmospheric pressure and accessible by tools and sensors, establishing a novel technique for experimentation on atrioventricular valves. Porcine mitral valves were excised and closed by vacuum within the atrial chamber. Images were used to document and analyze closure of the leaflets. Papillary muscle force and regurgitant flow rate were measured to be 4.07 N at 120 mmHg and approximately 12.1 ml/s respectively, both of which are within clinically relevant ranges. The relative ease of these measurements demonstrates the usefulness of improved ventricular access at peak pressure/force closure.
Graphical abstract
A systematic review of behaviour change techniques used in interventions to increase physical activity among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Hailey Verity , Rojas-Garcia Antonio , Kassianos Angelos P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite evidence that physical activity (PA) can help reduce recurrence and mortality, many breast cancer survivors are less active than recommended levels. The aim of this systematic review is to advance our understanding of which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) have been used in interventions promoting breast cancer survivors’ PA and to evaluate their potential to increase PA.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in five databases (Medline; PsycInfo; Embase; CINAHL and Scopus) for studies published between 2005 and 2019. Following a rigorous screening process, 27 studies were retained. These were reviewed and analysed for quality, coded for BCTs (k = 0.65) and interventions categorised according to their potential to increase PA using an established methodology.ResultsThe majority of studies were moderate quality (64%). Demonstration on how to perform the behaviour was the most commonly used BCT (n = 23). Adding objects to the environment, (pedometer or accelerometer) was the BCT with the highest potential to increase PA. This was followed by, goal setting and self-monitoring of behaviour. A theory-based approach to evaluation was used in only 59% (n = 16) of the studies.ConclusionsThe results of this review inform which BCTs have the potential to increase PA for breast cancer survivors and inform intervention development. Future research, is encouraged to properly report intervention procedures around dose and frequency of intervention components to allow for review and replication.
Combined Effect of a Laser Cladded Coating and Surface Texture on Tribological Performance Under Dry Sliding and Starved Lubrication
Authors: Qiao Chenfeng , Yu Jing , Zhang Shuai , Liu Zhengda , Wang Jinlong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFe-based alloy coating was laser cladded on gray cast iron using Ni-Cu alloy as an intermediate layer. The cross section of the laser cladded coating was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a Vickers hardness tester. A microdimple texture was created by reciprocating an electrolyte jet with prefabricated mask (REJP) machining on an Fe-based alloy coating. The tribological performances of untextured and textured coatings were examined through interrupted wear tests using an in-house developed reciprocating ball-on-plate tribotester under dry sliding and starved lubricated conditions. The results show that the presence of microdimple edges in the nonconformal contact region has a detrimental effect on the friction performance under dry sliding. However, the microdimples can be beneficial for trapping debris to preserve a smoother contacting surface and thus a lower volume wear track compared to untextured coatings. Due to its role in oil reservoirs and debris entrapment, the microdimple textured coating can maintain a low friction coefficient for a long time period after lubricant oil cutoff and results in a lower volume wear track under starved lubrication.
Graphical abstract
A Survey of the Awareness and Educational Needs of Nurses in Nagasaki Prefecture Regarding Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Matsumoto Megumi , Sasaki Noriko , Tsukigawa Yayoi , Otsubo Ryota , Yano Hiroshi , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and educational needs with regard to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer among nurses working in breast cancer care in the Nagasaki Prefecture. In breast cancer care, the identification of patients at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer is necessary for the implementation of genetic testing and counseling. Nurses should be involved in this process, since they play a crucial role in the care of patients with breast cancer. However, the knowledge regarding hereditary breast and ovarian cancer among nurses working in oncology care in Japan has not been assessed. The design of this study is cross-sectional design. We distributed 597 surveys to nurses working in breast cancer care. The surveys assessed the nurses’ demographic data, their current knowledge and practices regarding cancer genetics and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, and their attitude and preferences regarding learning about the condition. We received 317 valid replies. Nurses had limited knowledge about hereditary breast and ovarian cancer characteristics: 41.6% reported that they do not know about the condition, whereas less than 10% knew its characteristics. However, nurses were aware of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer significance and were willing to learn about it: 91% wished to learn about the condition, and 88.6% wanted to participate in study group meetings. Further, nurses’ preferences regarding educational programs were clarified. Overall, our results show that educational programs should be implemented to advance nurses’ knowledge of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer characteristics.
Ein pflegegeleitetes Sekundärpräventionsprogramm für Menschen nach einem akuten Koronarsyndrom aus Sicht von Gesundheitsexpertinnen und -experten in Österreich – eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Qin Hong , Bonderman Diana , Brunner Silvia , Großbichler Tamara , Badr Eslam Roza , Mayer Hanna 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Menschen nach akutem Koronarsyndrom weisen weiterhin ein hohes kardiovaskuläres Risiko auf. Eine pflegerische Intervention zur Verbesserung der Adhärenz von Betroffenen hinsichtlich der empfohlenen Präventionsmaßnahmen ist erforderlich. In deren Entwicklung sollen alle an der Versorgung beteiligten Personengruppen miteinbezogen werden, u. a. Gesundheitsexpertinnen und -experten.

Ziel
Ziel war es, die Ausrichtung eines dem österreichischen Kontext angepassten pflegegeleiteten Sekundärpräventionsprogramms für Menschen nach akutem Koronarsyndrom aus Sicht von Gesundheitsexpertinnen und -experten zu generieren.

Methodik
Die Entwicklung dieses Programms stützt sich methodisch auf das „intervention mapping“. Um die Inhalte der ersten 3 Schritte des Intervention mapping zu erarbeiten, wurden 2 Fokusgruppeninterviews und 13 Einzelinterviews mit 27 Gesundheitsexpertinnen und -experten durchgeführt. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte anhand der thematischen Analyse nach Braun und Clarke.

Ergebnisse
Die Ausrichtung des Programms bezieht sich auf die Bereiche „personenzentrierter Ansatz“, „Akutkrankenhaus als Initialpunkt“ und „persönliches Gespräch als zentrale Vermittlungsform“. Die erforderlichen strukturellen und personellen Rahmenbedingungen umfassen „Prioritätensetzung für die Patientenedukation im Akutkrankenhaus“, „Einrichtung einer Anlaufstelle“, „interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit“ und „gesetzliche Bestimmungen für die Patienteninformation“ sowie die Schaffung der Position einer „cardiac rehabilitation nurse“, welche speziell ausgebildetes Pflegepersonal übernehmen könnte. Ein vertieftes Krankheitsverständnis und ein reduzierter Angstzustand sollen die angestrebten Ergebnisse des Programms sein.

Schlussfolgerung
Das zu entwickelnde Programm kann dazu dienen, die nichtmedikamentöse Sekundärprävention bei den Betroffenen im Akutkrankenhaus zu initiieren und nach der Entlassung fortzuführen. Als Rahmenbedingungen müssen eine Anlaufstelle und die Funktion einer Cardiac rehabilitation nurse geschaffen werden. Somit kann diese spezialisierte Pflegeperson die Betroffenen in der Übergangsphase begleiten, während sie die Patientenedukation unter dem personenzentrierten Ansatz durchführt.
Mitigate SIR epidemic spreading via contact blocking in temporal networks
Authors: Zhang Shilun , Zhao Xunyi , Wang Huijuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProgress has been made in how to suppress epidemic spreading on temporal networks via blocking all contacts of targeted nodes or node pairs. In this work, we develop contact blocking strategies that remove a fraction of contacts from a temporal (time evolving) human contact network to mitigate the spread of a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered epidemic. We define the probability that a contact c(i, j, t) is removed as a function of a given centrality metric of the corresponding link l(i, j) in the aggregated network and the time t of the contact. The aggregated network captures the number of contacts between each node pair. A set of 12 link centrality metrics have been proposed and each centrality metric leads to a unique contact removal strategy. These strategies together with a baseline strategy (random removal) are evaluated in empirical contact networks via the average prevalence, the peak prevalence and the time to reach the peak prevalence. We find that the epidemic spreading can be mitigated the best when contacts between node pairs that have fewer contacts and early contacts are more likely to be removed. A strategy tends to perform better when the average number contacts removed from each node pair varies less. The aggregated pruned network resulted from the best contact removal strategy tends to have a large largest eigenvalue, a large modularity and probably a small largest connected component size.