bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Understanding Domestic Violence and Abuse: Victim, Suspect and Crime Predictors of Police Outcomes’
Authors: Barbin Arianna , Crivatu Ioana , Davies Kari , Horvath Miranda A.H. , Spence Ruth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) cases remain under-reported and under-prosecuted in the criminal justice system (CJS), with researchers frequently having limited access to raw police data. Here, a range of factors relating to DVA offences occurring between 2018 and 2020 in one large English police force were described and measured. As part of the research, it was investigated if victim, suspect and crime characteristics predicted outcome decisions, specifically charge rate, case attrition, and evidential difficulties despite victims’ support in pursuing the allegations. The number of offences meeting the DVA legal definition, and those falling outside that definition, were also explored.

Methods
Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to predict the relationship between demographic information and criminal history on three coded crime outcome categories (namely, ‘charge’, ‘victim does not proceed’, and ‘law does not pursue’).

Results
The dataset included 198,617 crimes, and for 94.1% of them, the suspect was not charged. Relationship type, age, crime type, and the number of victim allegations predicted all three outcomes. For instance, being partners of the victim significantly decreased the chances of a charge compared to suspects who were not partners.

Conclusions
The findings are in line with evidence from the literature which highlights all-time low charge rates for DVA and high levels of victim attrition. We argue that the influence of victim/suspect characteristics and DVA-related dynamics should be considered by police personnel and members of the CJS when assessing crime reports.
Can visits to certain businesses help predict evacuation decisions in real time?
Authors: Anyidoho Prosper K. , Davidson Rachel A. , Nozick Linda K. , Trivedi Jennifer , DeYoung Sarah E. , Wachtendorf Tricia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aims to help understand and predict evacuation behavior by examining the relationship between evacuation decisions and visits to certain businesses using smartphone location and point of interest (POI) data collected across three hurricanes—Dorian (2019), Ida (2021), and Ian (2022)—for residents in voluntary and mandatory evacuation zones. Results from these data suggest residents visit POIs as part of preparatory activities before a hurricane impacts land. Statistical tests suggest that POI visits can be used as precursor signals for predicting evacuations in real time. Specifically, people are more likely to evacuate if they visit a gas station and are more likely to stay if they visit a grocery store, hardware store, pet store, or a pharmacy prior to landfall. Additionally, they are even less likely to leave if they visit multiple places of interest. These results provide a foundation for using smartphone location data in real time to improve predictions of behavior as a hurricane approaches.
Politicised or Political: On Agonism and School as ‘Free Time’
Authors: Tysklind Emma N. , Tryggvason Ásgeir 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAt the centre of this paper is the distinction between a politicised school, and school as a political space. We take note of Papastephanou’s (2005) warning not to make education the passive receiver of political thought. Based on Masschelein and Simons (2013), we criticise the tendency to conceptualise democratic education, particularly agonistic democratic education, as the implementation of political theory in a school context. We draw on their idea of school as free time, to argue that democratic education should envision the classroom as political in itself, that is, as a place for negotiation and renewal, where the ends are not predetermined. When school becomes a place to implement political theory, when it is politicised, then it is stripped of its own political potency. In scholastic terms, it is tamed. In this paper, a fusion of Mouffean agonism with Masschelein and Simons’ conception of school, works to form an understanding of agonistic democratic education as a time and place for the formation of community and for the negotiation of identity, under protection from the non-accountability (Arendt 1961) that characterises scholastic practice.
The Monist strategy: Naïve realism and the master argument from hallucination
Authors: Mazzullo Giorgio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Master Argument from Hallucination is one of the most discussed challenges to Naïve Realism. Naïve Realists have thoroughly scrutinised a number of strategies for resisting it. However, they have generally dismissed out of hand what I call the Monist Strategy, according to which the hallucinations invoked by the argument also consist of a relation of perceptual awareness with the mind-independent environment. In this paper, I consider whether this often-implicit dismissal is justified. I suggest that the core of resistance plausibly lies in an assumption regarding the causal requirements for the obtaining of the relation of perceptual awareness invoked by Naïve Realists. Drawing on the existing literature (Raleigh in J Conscious Stud 21:81–110, 2014; Ali in Philos Stud 175(3):601–627, 2018), I consider and elaborate ways in which the Monist Strategy might be developed consistently with this assumption. I suggest that there are indeed reasons to question the viability of this project. However, I argue that it is not entirely clear why Naïve Realists are forced to buy into this assumption. If they were willing to reject it, I contend, a compelling version of the Monist Strategy could be developed. According to such a view, at least some hallucinations are episodes of perceptual awareness of regions of space.
Microbial fuel cells to monitor natural attenuation around groundwater plumes
Authors: Kirmizakis Panagiotis , Cunningham Mark , Kumaresan Deepak , Doherty Rory 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research presents a straightforward and economically efficient design for a microbial fuel cell (MFC) that can be conveniently integrated into a borehole to monitor natural attenuation in groundwater. The design employs conventional, transparent, and reusable PVC bailers with graphite tape and granular activated carbon to create high surface area electrodes. These electrodes are connected across redox environments in nested boreholes through a wire and variable resistor setup. The amended electrodes were installed in pre-existing boreholes surrounding a groundwater plume near a former gasworks facility. Among all the MFC locations tested, the MFC at the plume fringe exhibited the highest electrical response and displayed significant variations in the differential abundance of key bacterial and archaeal taxa between the anode and cathode electrodes. The other MFC configurations in the plume center and uncontaminated groundwater showed little to no electrical response, suggesting minimal microbial activity. This straightforward approach enables informed decision-making regarding effectively monitoring, enhancing, or designing degradation strategies for groundwater plumes. It offers a valuable tool for understanding and managing contaminant degradation in such environments.
Breast cancer classification based on breast tissue structures using the Jigsaw puzzle task in self-supervised learning
Authors: Sugawara Keisuke , Takaya Eichi , Inamori Ryusei , Konaka Yuma , Sato Jumpei , Shiratori Yuta , Hario Fumihito , Kobayashi Tomoya , Ueda Takuya , Okamoto Yoshikazu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSelf-supervised learning (SSL) has gained attention in the medical field as a deep learning approach utilizing unlabeled data. The Jigsaw puzzle task in SSL enables models to learn both features of images and the positional relationships within images. In breast cancer diagnosis, radiologists evaluate not only lesion-specific features but also the surrounding breast structures. However, deep learning models that adopt a diagnostic approach similar to human radiologists are still limited. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Jigsaw puzzle task in characterizing breast tissue structures for breast cancer classification on mammographic images. Using the Chinese Mammography Database (CMMD), we compared four pre-training pipelines: (1) IN-Jig, pre-trained with both the ImageNet classification task and the Jigsaw puzzle task, (2) Scratch-Jig, pre-trained only with the Jigsaw puzzle task, (3) IN, pre-trained only with the ImageNet classification task, and (4) Scratch, that is trained from random initialization without any pre-training tasks. All pipelines were fine-tuned using binary classification to distinguish between the presence or absence of breast cancer. Performance was evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Additionally, detailed analysis was conducted for performance across different radiological findings, breast density, and regions of interest were visualized using gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). The AUC for the four models were 0.925, 0.921, 0.918, 0.909, respectively. Our results suggest the Jigsaw puzzle task is an effective pre-training method for breast cancer classification, with the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy with limited data.
Accelerometry-assessed sleep clusters and obesity in adolescents and young adults: a longitudinal analysis in GINIplus/LISA birth cohorts
Authors: Wang Mingming , Flexeder Claudia , Harris Carla P. , Kress Sara , Schikowski Tamara , Peters Annette , Standl Marie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Some studies have revealed various sleep patterns in adolescents and adults using multidimensional objective sleep parameters. However, it remains unknown whether these patterns are consistent from adolescence to young adulthood and how they relate to long-term obesity.

Methods
Seven-day accelerometry was conducted in German Infant Study on the influence of Nutrition Intervention PLUS environmental and genetic influences on allergy development (GINIplus) and Influence of Lifestyle factors on the development of the Immune System and Allergies in East and West Germany (LISA) birth cohorts during the 15-year and 20-year follow-ups, respectively. Five sleep clusters were identified by k-means cluster analysis using 12 sleep characteristics at each follow-up. Adjusted linear and logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations were examined. Further, the interaction effects with time of follow-ups and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for body mass index (BMI) were tested.

Results
Five sleep clusters were classified consistently in both adolescence (n = 1347, aged 14.3–16.4 years) and young adulthood (n = 1262, aged 19.5–22.4 years). Adolescents in the “good sleep”, “delayed sleep phase”, and “fragmented sleep” clusters displayed greater stability transitioning into young adulthood, while those in the “sleep irregularity and variability”, and “prolonged sleep latency” clusters showed lower stability (n = 636). Compared to the “good sleep” cluster, the “prolonged sleep latency” cluster exhibited associations with higher BMI [β = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.06, 1.05)] and increased odds of overweight/obesity [Odds ratio = 1.55, 95% CI = (1.02, 2.34)]. No significant PRS-sleep cluster interaction was found for BMI or overweight/obesity. Among males only, the “delayed sleep phase”, “sleep irregularity and variability” and “fragmented sleep” clusters showed stronger associations with overweight/obesity as age increased.

Conclusion
Adolescents and young adults shared five consistent sleep patterns, with the “prolonged sleep latency” pattern linked to higher BMI and overweight/obesity.

Graphical abstract
Impact of Buffer Time on Driving Behavior in Level-3 Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Arslanyilmaz Abdu , Jones Todd , Labrie Nicholas A. , Doner Durmus V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study examines how buffer time impacts the behaviors of 20 young drivers in terms of takeover duration and quality, visual attention and cognitive effort, and emotional states preceding, during, and subsequent to take over requests (TORs) upon system failure in level 3 autonomous vehicles occurring just before intersections. Two groups of buffer times of 8 and 4 s were compared to investigate the impacts of buffer times on driving behavior, eye gaze patterns, and EEG data related to emotional states. Three separate MANOVA tests were conducted to analyze how buffer time impacted these constructs. The individual MANOVA was used for each construct, which included various dependent variables, and included two independent variables (8 s and 4 s groups, referred to as 8SG and 4SG respectively) and multiple dependent variables. The results showed that buffer times do not affect drivers’ emotional states and the duration and quality of takeovers. On the other hand, this approach has a statistically significant effect on drivers’ attention given to traffic signals. Drivers’ emotional states (excitement, engagement, stress, relaxation, interest, and focus) are not influenced by buffer time upon system failure. Additionally, when drivers are provided with earlier warnings, they pay further attention to the traffic signal. Finally, drivers take control of their vehicles faster with an earlier buffer time than with a later one.
A comprehensive assessment of ceramic wastes in ultra-high-performance concrete
Authors: Korat Amr , Amin Mohamed , Tahwia Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the utilization of ceramic waste from the ceramic manufacturing sector as a partial replacement for cement and fine aggregate in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). Ceramic waste, ground into microparticles (555 m2/kg), replaced 10–50% of cement in 22 UHPC mixtures. One group used sand, and the other used ground ceramic waste as fine aggregate. Tests evaluated mechanical properties, consistency, durability, and microstructure. Results showed that SCWP and WCWP could replace up to 20% of cement, enhancing performance while maintaining desired mechanical and durability characteristics. The results showed that slump flow diameter decreased by increasing replacement ratios by SCWP and WCWP up to 50% of cement mass to 685 mm and 670 mm compared with the control mix, which had 770 mm for the first group and 634 mm and 615 mm in comparison to 713 mm for the control mix for the second group. Compressive strengths were increased to 171.3 MPa and 176.7 MPa, compared to 155 MPa for the control mix at 56 days in the first group. In the second group, compressive strengths reached 160.31 MPa and 165.33 MPa, compared to 143.15 MPa for the control mix at 56 days. All other mechanical properties, including compressive strength, are enhanced with cement replacement percentages of up to 20%. The study reveals that at 20% substitution of SCWP and WCWP, hardened UHPC properties such as tensile and flexural strength and modulus of elasticity significantly improved, reaching 21.31 MPa, 27.85 MPa, and 54.12 GPa for the first group and 19.97 MPa, 25.95 MPa, and 50.36 GPa for the second. Water permeability also decreased. The gradual increase in OPC replacement reduced compressive strength loss. The secondary C–S–H gel, formed from reactions with SCWP and WCWP, filled micropores and enhanced UHPC’s microstructure and matrix density.
Exploring China’s cyber sovereignty concept and artificial intelligence governance model: a machine learning approach
Authors: Hung Ho Ting 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The current global cyber governance model is dominated by Western liberal norms and multi-stakeholder values. Dissatisfied with the status quo, some developing countries like China embrace another governance concept called cyber sovereignty, which advocates more state control. Meanwhile, AI development further enlarges cyberspace’s national security threats, but an international governance framework is absent in the AI realm and China is eager to take the lead in building one. This gives rise to the question: what explains China’s approach to cyber and AI governance? Current studies on cyber sovereignty and China’s AI governance model are mostly qualitative and/or have a small sampling frame, while the meaning of cyber sovereignty is debatable. Therefore, this article applies topic modelling to official/semi-official texts about cyber and AI governance to understand the cyber sovereignty concept and how it shapes China’s approach to AI governance. This article finds that cyber sovereignty is an extension of China’s state-centric view of international order. Not being a passive recipient of norms, China hopes to shape alternative cyber norms to defend national security. Now, since the global community has not reached a consensus over global AI governance, China is exploiting this gap to promote its own set of cyber visions.
Instability of stationary solutions for double power nonlinear Schrödinger equations in one dimension
Authors: Fukaya Noriyoshi , Hayashi Masayuki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe consider a double power nonlinear Schrödinger equation possessing the algebraically decaying stationary solution $$\phi _0$$

ϕ
0

as well as exponentially decaying standing waves $$e^{i\omega t}\phi _\omega (x)$$

e

i
ω
t

ϕ
ω

(
x
)

with $$\omega >0$$

ω
>
0

. According to the general theory, stability properties of standing waves are determined by the derivative of $$\omega \mapsto M(\omega )\mathrel {\mathop :}=\frac{1}{2}\Vert \phi _\omega \Vert _{L^2}^2$$

ω
↦
M

(
ω
)

:
=

1
2

‖

ϕ
ω

‖

L
2

2

; namely $$e^{i\omega t}\phi _\omega $$

e

i
ω
t

ϕ
ω

with $$\omega >0$$

ω
>
0

is stable if $$M'(\omega )>0$$

M
′

(
ω
)

>
0

and unstable if $$M'(\omega )<0$$

M
′

(
ω
)

<
0

. However, the stability/instability of stationary solutions is outside the general theory from the viewpoint of spectral properties of linearized operators. In this paper we prove the instability of the stationary solution $$\phi _0$$

ϕ
0

in one dimension under the condition $$\lim _{\omega \downarrow 0}M'(\omega )\in [-\infty , 0)$$

lim

ω
↓
0

M
′

(
ω
)

∈

[
-
∞
,
0
)

. The key in the proof is the construction of the one-sided derivative of $$\omega \mapsto \phi _\omega $$

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↦

ϕ
ω

at $$\omega =0$$

ω
=
0

, which is effectively used to construct the unstable direction.
Necessities in the old jungle?: On Han’s analysis of the necessity of origin
Authors: Kim Dongwoo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractI shall discuss Han’s analysis of the necessity of origin theses. His analysis comes in two parts. The negative part argues that well-known Kripkean arguments leave an inferential gap, thus falling short of establishing the necessity of origin theses. The positive part contends that the gap can only be bridged by Aristotelian metaphysics of essence and causation. I shall critically examine both the negative and positive parts of Han’s analysis.
Gamification and player type: Relationships of the HEXAD model with the learning experience
Authors: Sipone Silvia , Abella Victor , Rojo Marta , Moura José Luis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGamification is a widely utilised educational tool designed to promote specific behaviours. An effective gamification design must consider users’ experiences and perceptions to enhance engagement and participation. This research is part of a broader study that develops gamified activities to teach primary school pupils about sustainable mobility.
The study investigates the relationship between player profiles, as defined by the Hexad scale, and the use of the ClassCraft platform for learning sustainable mobility concepts. The Hexad scale serves as an instrument to analyse the various motivations exhibited by each student when interacting with the gamified application. Specifically, we examine the connection between player profiles, learning levels, the components of the ClassCraft platform, and the impact of gender on this relationship.An experiment was conducted with 75 fifth-grade primary school students (aged 10–12) who used the ClassCraft platform. Several linear regression models correlated various variables with the player profiles included in the Hexad scale.The results indicate a relationship between player profiles and the variables considered: final score on the platform, number of activities completed, number of connections made, player level achieved, student satisfaction level, and learning levels. Additionally, the high percentage of socialiser profiles found among the students is perfectly in line with some of the intrinsic characteristics of the ClassCraft platform.Furthermore, the analysis revealed minimal differences between male and female players across most profiles.
A handheld UV-C light-emitting diode decreases environmental contamination near the operative field
Authors: Turner Rachael A. , Johnson Roseann M. , Yazdani-Farsad Yasmin , Owens Jessell , Dennis Douglas A. , Jennings Jason M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) may result from pathogen-to-patient transmission within the environment. High-touch surfaces (HTS) areas near the operative field from previous studies had been identified as the least likely to be thoroughly cleaned between operative cases and were utilized for this study. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a handheld ultraviolet-c (UV-C) light-emitting diode (LED) disinfection device on the decontamination of HTS in the operating room.

Methods:
This prospective study was conducted between 03/02/2021 and 04/20/2021. Tryptic soy agar contact plates were used to determine the bacterial load of the selected surfaces before the initiation of the case, after the case was complete, before manual cleaning, and after disinfection of the LED device. The plates were then incubated for 48 hours at 36º +/–1° C. Colony forming units (CFU) were recorded 48 hours after incubation. Mean, median, and range of CFU were recorded.

Results:
Average CFU per surface before and after the surgical case were 14.1 (range 0–200) and 13.5 (range 0–200) respectively, these were not significantly different (P = 0.9397). Manual cleaning reduced average CFU by 74% to 3.35 (range 0–200) per surface (P = 0.0162). Disinfection with the handheld LED unit further reduced the average CFU by 92% to 0.28 (range 0–4) per surface (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
A handheld UV-C LED disinfection device may decrease environmental contamination near the operative field in HTS areas. Further research is warranted with this technology to determine if this correlates with a decrease in PJI.
Generative AI and criminal law
Authors: Panattoni Beatrice 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Several criminal offenses can originate from or culminate with the creation of content. Sexual abuse can be committed by producing intimate materials without the subject’s consent, while incitement to violence or self-harm can begin with a conversation. When the task of generating content is entrusted to artificial intelligence (AI), it becomes necessary to explore the risks of this technology. AI changes criminal affordances because it creates new kinds of harmful content, it amplifies the range of recipients, and it can exploit cognitive vulnerabilities to manipulate user behavior. Given this evolving landscape, the question is whether policies aimed at fighting Generative AI-related harms should include criminal law. The bulk of criminal law scholarship to date would not criminalize AI harms on the theory that AI lacks moral agency. Even so, the field of AI might need criminal law, precisely because it entails a moral responsibility. When a serious harm occurs, responsibility needs to be distributed considering the guilt of the agents involved, and, if it is lacking, it needs to fall back because of their innocence. Thus, legal systems need to start exploring whether and how guilt can be preserved when the actus reus is completely or partially delegated to Generative AI.