bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SuperMeshing: Boosting the Mesh Density of Stress Field in Plane-Strain Problems Using Deep Learning Method
Authors: Xu Handing , Nie Zhenguo , Xu Qingfeng , Li Yaguan , Xie Fugui , Liu Xin-Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The increase of the spatial resolution in numerical computation always leads to a decrease in computing efficiency with respect to the constraint of mesh density. In response to this problem of the inability to perform numerical computation, we propose a novel method to boost the mesh-density in the finite element method (FEM) within 2D domains. Running on the von Mises stress fields of the 2D plane-strain problems computed by FEM, the proposed method utilizes a deep neural network named SMNet to learn a nonlinear mapping from low mesh-density to high mesh-density in stress fields and realizes the improvement of numerical computation accuracy and efficiency simultaneously. By introducing residual density blocks into SMNet, we can extract abundant local features and improve prediction capacity. The result indicates that SMNet can effectively increase the spatial resolution of stress fields under multiple scaling factors in mesh-density: 2 ×, 3 ×, and 4 ×. Compared with the targets, the relative error of SMNet is 1.67%, showing better performance than many other methods. SMNet can be generically used as an enhanced mesh-density boosting model of 2D physical fields for mesh-based numerical methods.
Understanding why collective action resulted in greater advances for tobacco control as compared to alcohol control during the Philippines’ Sin Tax Reform: a qualitative study
Authors: Hoe Connie , Weiger Caitlin , Cohen Joanna E 
Published: May 2022

Background and aimsIn 2012, the Philippines passed a law popularly known as the ‘Sin Tax Reform’. This law increased excise tax on both tobacco and alcohol. While a victory for public health, the total amount of taxes paid by the tobacco and alcohol industries was an uneven 69–31 split. The primary aim of this study is to explore why collective action of Sin Tax proponents resulted in greater advances for tobacco control as compared with alcohol control.MethodsA case study approach was used. Key informant interviews were carried out with 25 individuals from academic, governmental, non-governmental and international organisations and industry who had first-hand knowledge of the Sin Tax policy process, led an organisation that participated in the process and/or possessed expert knowledge of Sin Taxes in the Philippines. Interviews were subsequently transcribed then analysed using inductive coding.ResultsFour factors contributed to the varying tax treatment of the two industries: (1) absence of advocacy-oriented alcohol control groups, (2) the proponents’ ‘divide and conquer’ strategy, which aimed to prevent the alcohol and tobacco industries from joining forces, (3) the perception that moderate drinking is acceptable among some of the Sin Tax proponents, public and medical community and (4) a weaker global push for alcohol control.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the need to cultivate advocacy-oriented alcohol control civil society organisations, generate consensus at the local and global level regarding the problem definition and policy solutions for alcohol control and consider global instruments to strengthen norms and standards for alcohol control. Given that proponents also negotiated for a lower alcohol tax compared with tobacco due to the concern that the two industries might join forces, it also raises the question of whether or not a health tax bill should tackle more than one health harming product at a time.
Identification of core components and implementation strategies for a Conservative Kidney Management Pathway across a complex, multisector healthcare system in Canada using World Cafés and the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Davison Sara , Steinke Vanessa , Wasylynuk Betty Ann , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveDevelop a Conservative Kidney Management (CKM) Pathway for patients unlikely to benefit from dialysis. We sought to determine (1) core components of care and (2) implementation strategies across a multisector healthcare system.DesignWe used the Knowledge to Action Cycle and the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify barriers and facilitators to CKM. Activities included a current state assessment, World Cafés, interviews, focus groups and readiness for change assessments.SettingA provincial initiative in Alberta, Canada.Participants282 participants were purposively selected to reflect those involved in the care of patients receiving CKM. This included policy-makers, multidisciplinary healthcare professionals, patients and their family.Main outcome measuresTheoretical domains linked to pathway content and implementation strategies.ResultsEnvironmental context and resources, social/professional role and identity, knowledge and social influences were the most influential behaviour change domains identified. The most effective strategies for facilitating behaviour change were identified to be education, training, environmental restructuring and modelling. Core components of care were determined to be guidelines for treating symptoms and disease complications consistent with the philosophy of CKM, timely communication of the choice for CKM, coordination with community services, crisis planning, advance care planning and tools to enhance patients’ capacity for self-management and shared decision-making. This resulted in development of Alberta’s CKM Pathway, an interactive, digital, decision-support tool consisting of: (1) a patient decision aid; (2) a patient/family portal; and (3) a healthcare professional portal, where all resources can be freely accessed.ConclusionsThe pathway was codesigned by patients and healthcare professionals and involves tailor-made combinations of tools to address unique patient needs and system-community circumstances. Most of the strategies are adaptable to local context and are likely translatable to the implementation of sustainable CKM in other national and international jurisdictions.
Developing and validating a prognostic prediction model for patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 based on disease conditions and intervention methods: a retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Zhang Min , Lei Nuo , Zhang Xian-Long , Xu Yanmin , Chen Hui-Fen , Fu Li-Zhe , Tang Fang , Liu Xusheng , Wu Yifan 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo develop and validate a nomogram model to predict chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5 prognosis.DesignA retrospective cohort study. We used univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis to select the relevant predictors. To select the best model, we evaluated the prediction models’ accuracy by concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). We evaluated the clinical utility by decision curve analysis.SettingChronic Disease Management (CDM) Clinic in the Nephrology Department at the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine.ParticipantsPatients with CKD stages 3–5 in the derivation and validation cohorts were 459 and 326, respectively.Primary outcome measureRenal replacement therapy (haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, renal transplantation) or death.ResultsWe built four models. Age, estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine protein constituted the most basic model A. Haemoglobin, serum uric acid, cardiovascular disease, primary disease, CDM adherence and predictors in model A constituted model B. Oral medications and predictors in model A constituted model C. All the predictors constituted model D. Model B performed well in both discrimination and calibration (C-index: derivation cohort: 0.881, validation cohort: 0.886). Compared with model A, model B showed significant improvement in the net reclassification and integrated discrimination (model A vs model B: NRI: 1 year: 0.339 (−0.011 to 0.672) and 2 years: 0.314 (0.079 to 0.574); IDI: 1 year: 0.066 (0.010 to 0.127), p<0.001 and 2 years: 0.063 (0.008 to 0.106), p<0.001). There was no significant improvement between NRI and IDI among models B, C and D. Therefore, we selected model B as the optimal model.ConclusionsWe constructed a prediction model to predict the prognosis of patients with CKD stages 3–5 in the first and second year. Applying this model to clinical practice may guide clinical decision-making. Also, this model needs to be externally validated in the future.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900024633 (http://www.chictr.org.cn).
ACT Transition from Hospital to Home Orthopaedic Survey: a cross-sectional survey of unplanned 30-day readmissions for patients having total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Yeung Sybil , Perriman Diana , Chhabra Madhur , Phillips Christine , Parkinson Anne , Glasgow Nicholas , Douglas Kirsty A , Cox Darlene , Smith Paul , Desborough Jane 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify patient, hospital and transitional factors associated with unplanned 30-day readmissions in patients who had a total hip arthroplasty (THA).DesignA cross-sectional survey was performed. All patients attending a 6-week follow-up after a THA in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) at four public and private clinics in the ACT from 1 February 2018 to 31 January 2019, were invited to complete an ACT Transition from Hospital to Home Orthopaedic Survey.ParticipantsWithin the ACT, 431 patients over the age of 16 attending their 6-week post-surgery consultation following a THA entered and completed the survey (response rate 77%).Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome measure was self-reported readmissions for any reason within 30 days of discharge after a THA. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate ORs of factors associated with unplanned 30-day readmissions.ResultsOf the 431 participants (representing 40% of all THAs conducted in the ACT during the study period), 27 (6%) were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. After controlling for age and sex, patients who did not feel rested on discharge were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days than those who felt rested on discharge (OR=5.75, 95% CI: (2.13 to 15.55), p=0.001). There was no association between post-hospital syndrome (ie, in-hospital experiences of pain, sleep and diet) overall and readmission. Patients who suffered peripheral vascular disease (PVD) were significantly more likely to have an unplanned 30-day readmission (OR=16.9, 95% CI: (3.06 to 93.53), p=0.001). There was no significant difference between private and public patient readmissionsConclusionsHospitals should develop strategies that maximise rest and sleep during patients’ hospital stay. Diagnosis and optimum treatment of pre-existing PVD prior to THA should also be a priority to minimise the odds of subsequent unplanned readmissions.
Implementation and staff understanding of shared decision-making in the context of recovery-oriented care across US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) inpatient mental healthcare units: a mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: Eliacin Johanne , Carter Jessica , Bass Emily , Flanagan Mindy , Salyers Michelle P , McGuire Alan 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo examine the understanding and practice of shared decision-making (SDM) within the context of recovery-oriented care across Veterans Health Administration (VHA) inpatient mental healthcare units.DesignVHA inpatient mental health units were scored on the Recovery-Oriented Acute Inpatient Scale (RAIN). Scores on the RAIN item for medication SDM were used to rank each site from lowest to highest. The top 7 and bottom 8 sites (n=15) were selected for additional analyses using a mixed-methods approach, involving qualitative interviews, observation notes and quantitative data.Setting34 VHA inpatient mental health units located in every geographical region of the USA.Participants55 treatment team members.ResultsOur results identified an overarching theme of ‘power-sharing’ that describes participants’ conceptualisation and practice of medication decision-making. Three levels of power sharing emerged from both interview and observational data: (1)No power sharing:patients are excluded from treatment decisions; (2)Limited power sharing:patients are informed of treatment decisions but have limited influence on the decision-making process; and (3)Shared-power:patients and providers work collaboratively and contribute to medication decisions. Comparing interview to observational data, only observational data indicating those themes differentiate top from bottom scoring sites on the RAIN SDM item scores. All but one top scoring sites indicated shared power medication decision processes, whereas bottom sites reflected mostly no power sharing. Additionally, our findings highlight three key factors that facilitate the implementation of SDM: inclusion of veteran in treatment teams, patient education and respect for patient autonomy.ConclusionsImplementation of SDM appears feasible in acute inpatient mental health units. Although most participants were well informed about SDM, that knowledge did not always translate into practice, which supports the need for ongoing implementation support for SDM. Additional contextual factors underscore the value of patients’ self-determination as a guiding principle for SDM, highlighting the role of a supporting, empowering and autonomy-generating environment.
Three-arm randomised controlled trial of an m-health app and digital engagement strategy for improving treatment adherence and reducing suicidal ideation in young people: study protocol
Authors: McGillivray Lauren , Gan Daniel Z Q , Wong Quincy , Han Jin , Hetrick Sarah , Christensen Helen , Torok Michelle 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionYouth suicidal ideation and behaviour is concerning due to its widespread prevalence, morbidity and potentially fatal consequences. Digital mental health interventions have been found to improve access to low-cost and high-quality support for a range of mental health issues, yet there are few digital interventions available for suicide prevention in young people. In addition, no studies have examined how digital engagement strategies may impact the engagement and efficacy of digital interventions in suicide prevention. The current protocol describes a three-arm parallel randomised controlled trial. A therapeutic smartphone application (‘LifeBuoy’; intervention condition) will be tested against a condition that consists of the LifeBuoy application plus access to a digital engagement strategy (‘LifeBuoy+engagement’; intervention condition) to determine whether the addition of the digital strategy improves app engagement metrics. To establish the efficacy of the LifeBuoy application, both of these intervention conditions will be tested against an attention-matched control condition (a placebo app).Methods and analysis669 young Australians aged 17–24 years who have experienced suicidal ideation in the past 30 days will be recruited by Facebook advertisement. The primary outcomes will be suicidal ideation severity and level of app engagement. Primary analyses will use an intention-to-treat approach and compare changes from baseline to 30-day, 60-day and 120-day follow-up time points relative to the control group using mixed-effect modelling. A subset of participants in the intervention groups will be interviewed on their experience with the app and engagement strategy. Qualitative data will be analysed using an inductive approach, independent of a theoretical confirmative method to identify the group themes.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (HC210400). The results of the trial will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications in scientific journals and conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12621001247864.
Cohort profile: Colombian Cohort for the Early Prediction of Preterm Birth (COLPRET): early prediction of preterm birth based on personal medical history, clinical characteristics, vaginal microbiome, biophysical characteristics of the cervix and maternal serum biochemical markers
Authors: Becerra-Mojica Carlos Hernan , Parra-Saavedra Miguel Antonio , Diaz-Martinez Luis Alfonso , Martinez-Portilla Raigam Jafet , Rincon Orozco Bladimiro 
Published: May 2022

PurposePreterm birth (PTB) is a public health issue. Interventions to prolong the length of gestation have not achieved the expected results, as the selection of population at risk of PTB is still a challenge. Cervical length (CL) is the most accepted biomarker, however in the best scenario the CL identifies half of the patients. It is unlikely that a single measure identifies all pregnant women who will deliver before 37 weeks of gestation, considering the multiple pathways theory. We planned this cohort to study the link between the vaginal microbiome, the proteome, metabolome candidates, characteristics of the cervix and the PTB.ParticipantsPregnant women in the first trimester of a singleton pregnancy are invited to participate in the study. We are collecting biological samples, including vaginal fluid and blood from every patient, also performing ultrasound measurement that includes Consistency Cervical Index (CCI) and CL. The main outcome is the delivery of a neonate before 37 weeks of gestation.Findings to dateWe have recruited 244 pregnant women. They all have measurements of the CL and CCI. A vaginal sample for microbiome analysis has been collected in the 244 patients. Most of them agreed to blood collection, 216 (89%). By August 2021, 100 participants had already delivered. Eleven participants (11 %) had a spontaneous PTB.Future plansA reference value chart for the first trimester CCI will be created. We will gather information regarding the feasibility, reproducibility and limitations of CCI. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses will be done to identify the best candidates, and we will validate their use as predictors. Finally, we plan to integrate clinical data, ultrasound measurements and biological profiles into an algorithm to obtain a multidimensional biomarker to identify the individual risk for PTB.
Rationale and design of a multicentre, 12-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, investigator-initiated trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of elobixibat for chronic constipation
Authors: Tanaka Kosuke , Kessoku Takaomi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Takahashi Kota , Kasai Yuki , Ozaki Anna , Iwaki Michihiro , Kobayashi Takashi , Yoshihara Tsutomu , Misawa Noboru , Kato Takayuki , Arimoto Jun , Fuyuki Akiko , Sakai Eiji , Higurashi Takuma , Chiba Hideyuki , Hosono Kunihiro , Yoneda Masato , Iwasaki Tomoyuki , Kurihashi Takeo , Nakatogawa Machiko , Suzuki Ayao , Taguri Masataka , Oyamada Shunsuke , Ariyoshi Keisuke , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Ichikawa Yasushi , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionChronic constipation (CC) is a functional disorder that negatively impacts the quality of life of patients. This is a protocol for a multicentre, 12-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to test the efficacy and safety of elobixibat (EXB) versus placebo in patients with CC.Methods and analysisThis will be a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-control, randomised controlled trial. A total of 100 adult patients with CC, diagnosed based on Rome IV criteria, who fulfil the inclusion/exclusion criteria will be enrolled. The patients will be randomly assigned to receive EXB (10 mg) or placebo treatment (n=50 per group). Blood tests and stool sampling will be performed 12 weeks following initiation of treatment and questionnaires will be issued to participants. The primary outcome will be the change in complete spontaneous bowel movements after 12 weeks of administration. The secondary outcomes will include the change in Japanese Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life and absolute serum and faecal bile acid.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from Yokohama City University Certified Institutional Review Board before participant enrolment. The results of this study will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed journals and the key findings will be presented at international scientific conferences.Protocol versionV.3.0, 15 June 2021.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT04784780).
Effects of respiratory physiotherapy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: protocol for a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Pondofe Karen , Marcelino Ana Aline , Ribeiro Tatiana Souza , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Vera-Uribe Roberto , Fregonezi Guilherme AF , Resqueti Vanessa R 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionRespiratory muscle weakness and ventilatory failure are common complications in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and may lead to death. Respiratory physiotherapy may improve lung function in this population. This study aims to investigate the effects of respiratory physiotherapy on lung function, cough efficacy and functional status of patients with ALS.Methods and analysisA protocol was published on the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO). The research will cover randomised controlled trials, with no language or publication date restriction, available in the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Physiotherapy Evidence Database. The research question will be answered using a search strategy adapted for each database. Searches in databases will be conducted from January 2021 to December 2022. Two authors using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials V.2 and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations, respectively, will assess risk of bias and quality of evidence independently. According to the results obtained, data will be reported as a meta-analysis or a narrative report.Ethics and disseminationNo previous ethical approval is required for this publication since data used are already published. Results of this review will be disclosed via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021251842.
Assessing the cumulative effect of long-term training load on the risk of injury in team sports
Authors: Bache-Mathiesen Lena Kristin , Andersen Thor Einar , Dalen-Lorentsen Torstein , Clarsen Benjamin , Fagerland Morten Wang 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesDetermine how to assess the cumulative effect of training load on the risk of injury or health problems in team sports.MethodsFirst, we performed a simulation based on a Norwegian Premier League male football dataset (n players=36). Training load was sampled from daily session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Different scenarios of the effect of sRPE on injury risk and the effect of relative sRPE on injury risk were simulated. These scenarios assumed that the probability of injury was the result of training load exposures over the previous 4 weeks. We compared seven different methods of modelling training load in their ability to model the simulated relationship. We then used the most accurate method, the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM), to analyse data from Norwegian youth elite handball players (no. of players=205, no. of health problems=471) to illustrate how assessing the cumulative effect of training load can be done in practice.ResultsDLNM was the only method that accurately modelled the simulated relationships between training load and injury risk. In the handball example, DLNM could show the cumulative effect of training load and how much training load affected health problem risk depending on the distance in time since the training load exposure.ConclusionDLNM can be used to assess the cumulative effect of training load on injury risk.