bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioecological determinants of malnutrition in underprivileged children in India
Authors: Afsharinia Bita , Gurtoo Anjula 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIndia has made considerable progress towards tackling child malnutrition since the launch of the ICDS scheme in 1975, with currently 1.3 million centres across the country. The latest NFHS‐5 data (2018–20), however, shows limited improvement in the percentage of stunted, wasted, and underweight children, at 36%, 19%, and 32%, respectively. Given the persistent state of malnutrition in India, we probe, are there more nuances and unexplored dimensions to malnutrition issue that can add to the existing literature and support policy making? Demographic and Health Survey (2015–16) data of 70,618 children between the age of 2 and 5 years, from underprivileged communities in India, were investigated using the Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory Model. Three malnutrition outcome measures were calculated as per WHO standards, namely, height‐for‐age, weight‐for‐height, and weight‐for‐age. Binary and multinomial logistic regression models brought out two noteworthy results, namely, the importance of vaccination and the paradox of maternal working status. Vaccination status positively impacts the outcome measures, and maternal working status demonstrates a paradoxical situation. The children of non‐working mothers had better health statistics, indicating positive impact of a higher amount of time spent on direct childcare. However, working women in poor households bring economic capital to the house, indirectly bringing positive impacts on family health and nutrition. The results also confirmed the significance of maternal and child health status, access to healthcare, and need for dietary diversity. The importance of vaccination, especially in the context of COVID‐19, has been emphasized by policymakers. The policymakers need to relook at the existing welfare programs like ICDS and Creche Scheme to incorporate better‐supporting structures for working mothers for health access and childcare activities.
End of induction positron emission tomography complete response (PET‐CR) as a surrogate for progression‐free survival in previously untreated follicular lymphoma
Authors: Dixon Jesse G. , Dimier Natalie , Nielsen Tina , Zheng Jamie , Marcus Robert , Morschhauser Franck , Evens Andrew M. , Federico Massimo , Blum Kristie A. , Shi Qian 
Published: May 2022

SummaryProgression‐free survival (PFS) has been the regulatory primary end‐point for recent phase III trials in first‐line follicular lymphoma (FL), but requires prolonged follow‐up. Complete response (CR) at 30 months after initiation of induction treatment was validated as surrogate end‐point for PFS. Our objective was to further evaluate surrogacy of CR measured by [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging at the end of induction (EoI). Individual patient data were analysed from 1505 patients from five randomized trials. Trial‐level surrogacy examining the association between treatment effects on EoI‐PET‐CR and PFS was evaluated using linear regression () and bivariate Copula () models. Although EoI‐PET‐CR strongly predicted PFS at a prognostic level, the trial‐level assessment did not show strong correlation (, confidence interval [CI]: 0.20–0.88; , CI: 0.0–0.82). The high uncertainty in estimation was possibly due to the small number of trials and the population of patients with available PET data. Maintenance therapy affecting PFS beyond induction treatment, but not EoI‐PET‐CR end‐point, may have distorted the association between treatment effects. However, there will probably be a number of additional trials approaching completion with available PET response data. Refined evaluation of PET‐CR based surrogate end‐points is still warranted.
Care structure of patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome in Germany – Care research based on SHI claims data
Authors: Assaf Chalid , Dobos Gabor , Zech Immo‐Maximilian , Doess Axel , Hibbe Thomas , Jadasz Janusz J. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBackgroundCutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are rare forms of non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma of T‐cell origin that occur mainly in the skin. The most common form is mycosis fungoides (MF), but Sézary syndrome (SS), a more aggressive form of CTCL, is another relevant subgroup. Due to the rare nature of the disease, population‐based studies of the epidemiology and disease burden and insights into care delivery are limited.Patients and methodsBased on an anonymized, age and sex‐adjusted routine dataset comprising approximately five million people with statutory health insurance, a retrospective, longitudinal healthcare research study was conducted over a six‐year period (2012–2017).ResultsIn 55 % of patients with MF and SS, the initial diagnosis was documented in an outpatient setting; in 59 % of cases by a dermatologist. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry is considered an important investigative tool for the detection and follow‐up surveillance of blood involvement of cutaneous lymphomas, as the disease stage is the most important prognostic factor in MF and SS; this was performed in only 10 % of patients. The first‐line treatment was topical (76 %), in particular with corticosteroids (66 %).ConclusionsThe findings from this healthcare research point to the need for increased guideline‐based care.
Prediction of immune checkpoint blockade‐related hepatitis in metastatic melanoma patients
Authors: Schilling Hannah‐Lou , Hutchinson James A. , Haferkamp Sebastian 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe introduction of clinical antibodies against programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) has revolutionized cancer treatment. Immune checkpoint blockade has enormous therapeutic potential and is widely prescribed for treating various cancers. However, immune‐related adverse events in checkpoint blockade‐treated patients are common and limit its clinical application. Despite efforts to understand the etiology of immune‐related adverse events, the underlying cellular reactions remain elusive. Recently, our group identified a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma that are predisposed to hepatitis after combined PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 blockade. These patients are characterized by pre‐treatment expansion of effector memory CD4+ T cells (TEM cells) in blood. We attributed this expansion to chronic or recurrent subclinical immune responses against cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Accordingly, baseline expansion of TEM cells is a reliable biomarker of hepatitis risk that identifies a subgroup of patients who might benefit from prophylactic CMV treatment with valganciclovir.
Ask me why, don't tell me why: Asking children for explanations facilitates relational thinking
Authors: Brockbank Erik , Lombrozo Tania , Gopnik Alison , Walker Caren M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIdentifying abstract relations is essential for commonsense reasoning. Research suggests that even young children can infer relations such as “same” and “different,” but often fail to apply these concepts. Might the process of explaining facilitate the recognition and application of relational concepts? Based on prior work suggesting that explanation can be a powerful tool to promote abstract reasoning, we predicted that children would be more likely to discover and use an abstract relational rule when they were prompted to explain observations instantiating that rule, compared to when they received demonstration alone. Five‐ and 6‐year‐olds were given a modified Relational Match to Sample (RMTS) task, with repeated demonstrations of relational (same) matches by an adult. Half of the children were prompted to explain these matches; the other half reported the match they observed. Children who were prompted to explain showed immediate, stable success, while those only asked to report the outcome of the pedagogical demonstration did not. Findings provide evidence that explanation facilitates early abstraction over and above demonstration alone.
Cholecystectomy is associated with dysglycaemia: Cross‐sectional and prospective analyses
Authors: Sang Miaomiao , Xie Cong , Qiu Shanhu , Wang Xuyi , Horowitz Michael , Jones Karen L. , Rayner Christopher K. , Sun Zilin , Wu Tongzhi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCholecystectomy has been reported to be associated with increased risk of diabetes in cross‐sectional studies. In the current study, we performed both cross‐sectional and prospective analyses to examine the association between cholecystectomy and dysglycaemia in Chinese community‐dwelling adults. A total of 1612 participants (n = 1564 without cholecystectomy and n = 48 with cholecystectomy) were evaluated for glycaemic status (according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 criteria) and then followed up over ~3.2 years. Percent changes (Δ) in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c from baseline at the follow‐up visit were calculated to define glycaemic control as stable (−10% ≤ Δ < 10%), improved (Δ < −10%), or worsened (Δ ≥ 10%). The baseline cross‐sectional analyses indicated that cholecystectomy was associated with an increased risk of both prediabetes and diabetes, while the prospective analysis indicated that cholecystectomy was also associated with a greater risk of deterioration in glycaemic control (ΔFPG ≥10% and ΔHbA1c ≥10%) (P < 0.05 for each, both before and after adjusting for potential confounding covariates). These observations suggest that individuals in the Chinese community‐dwelling population who have undergone cholecystectomy are at increased risk of dysglycaemia. Further studies are warranted to both delineate the underlying mechanisms and to clarify whether more intense surveillance for future development of diabetes is needed in this group.
The time‐varying cardiovascular benefits of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from large multinational trials
Authors: Deo Salil V. , Marsia Shayan , McAllister David A. , Elgudin Yakov , Sattar Naveed , Pell Jill P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the time‐varying cardio‐protective effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) using pooled data from eight contemporary cardiovascular outcome trials using the difference in the restricted mean survival time (ΔRMST) as the effect estimate.Material and MethodsData from eight multinational cardiovascular outcome randomized controlled trials of GLP‐1RAs for type 2 diabetes mellitus were pooled. Flexible parametric survival models were fit from published Kaplan‐Meier plots. The differences between arms in RMST (ΔRMST) were calculated at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months. ΔRMST values were pooled using an inverse variance‐weighted random‐effects model; heterogeneity was tested with Cochran's Q statistic. The endpoints studied were: three‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all‐cause mortality, stroke, cardiovascular mortality and myocardial infarction.ResultsWe included eight large (3183‐14 752 participants, total = 60 080; median follow‐up range: 1.5 to 5.4 years) GLP‐1RA trials. Among GLP‐1RA recipients, we observed an average delay in three‐point MACE of 0.03, 0.15, 0.37 and 0.63 months at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months, respectively. At 48 months, while cardiovascular mortality was comparable in both arms (pooled ΔRMST 0.163 [−0.112, 0.437]; P = 0.24), overall survival was higher (ΔRMST = 0.261 [0.08‐0.43] months) and stroke was delayed (ΔRMST 0.22 [0.15‐0.33]) in patients receiving GLP‐1RAs.ConclusionsGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists may delay the occurrence of MACE by an average of 0.6 months at 48 months, with meaningfully larger gains in patients with cardiovascular disease. This metric may be easier for clinicians and patients to interpret than hazard ratios, which assume a knowledge of absolute risk in the absence of treatment.
Reward versus motoric activations in nucleus accumbens core of rats during Pavlovian conditioning
Authors: Stamos Joshua P. , Ma Sisi , Pawlak Anthony P. , Engelhard Nofar , Horvitz Jon C. , West Mark O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) core plays an important role in processing of events related to food reward, such as conditioned cues, approach or consumption. Nonetheless, there is lack of clarity regarding whether NAc core processes these separable events differently. We used the high temporal and spatial resolution of single unit recording with trial‐by‐trial video analysis to examine firing during three distinct categories termed cue, approach and consumption in a Pavlovian task. We had three goals. First, we sought to precisely define task‐related behaviour in terms of distinct phases, in order to compare neural activity between motorically matched behaviours. We found that cue‐evoked firing did not distinguish between trials on which animals initiated an approach versus ones on which they did not. Firing associated with consumption was greater than firing associated with motorically similar uncued head entry, indicating that previously reported decreases in NAc core firing during consumption relative to approach or baseline may reflect differences in motor behaviour. Secondly, we assessed changes in firing over the course of training. We found that NAc core neurons acquired a response to the tone cue within three sessions but did not change further across 10 total sessions. Thirdly, we correlated individual neuron firing during a given event with its firing during the same event on subsequent sessions. We found substantial variation in processing of cue and approach but not consumption, indicating that a given neuron may process certain events differently from session to session, while maintaining more stable processing of appetitive reward.
Essential workers' pandemic mobilities and the changing meanings of the commute
Authors: Plyushteva Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis commentary reflects on the pandemic commute and its significance for, on one hand, engaging with the problematic category of essential work, and on the other, future geographical research on transport and mobilities. Drawing on essential workers' contributions to the ‘Not working from home’ public engagement project, I outline some experiences of commuting during the COVID‐19 pandemic. I illustrate the role of pandemic commuting in defining, and wrestling with, what the category of essential work might mean. I then discuss the ways in which attending to pandemic commutes may extend and reshape existing research on unequal mobilities. Some of the future research directions made more urgent by a focus on pandemic commutes include critical engagements with: first, intersectional inequalities in the journey to work; second, the category of ‘essential journeys’ as used in transport policy and practice; third, the positionality of academic researchers who work on the topic of commuting; and finally, the treatment of commuting time as an integral part of working time.
Selenite uptake by Medicago sativa L. roots
Authors: Bai Binqiang , Zhang Shengping , Suo Xitong , Chen Wei , Shen Yixin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to examine selenite uptake in Medicago sativa L. Potted alfalfa plants were grown in sterilized quartz sand and exposed to 1 and 10 μM selenite for 21 days. Thirty‐day‐old seedlings and excised roots were used to determine the mechanism of selenite uptake in alfalfa. The following patterns of Selenium (Se) distribution in roots were as follows: lateral roots > taproots and subcellular fraction (I) > fraction (III) > fraction (II). With increasing pH, Se uptake in roots decreased markedly. The dose‐dependent Se net uptake at pH 5.5 followed the Michaelis–Menten kinetics. Addition of phosphate decreased Se uptake in the excised roots (P < 0.05), whereas a deficiency in phosphate increased Se uptake (P < 0.05). The results indicate that alfalfa mainly absorbed selenium through lateral roots. Selenite uptake by alfalfa root depended on pH, with the preferential form absorption of as H2SeO3 > HSeO31− > SeO32−. A portion of selenite was absorbed actively and may be mediated by phosphate transporter.
A review of the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of high‐purity factor X for the prophylactic treatment of hereditary factor X deficiency
Authors: Payne Jeanette , Batsuli Glaivy , Leavitt Andrew D. , Mathias Mary , McGuinn Catherine E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionHereditary factor X (FX) deficiency (FXD) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. Plasma‐derived FX (pdFX) is a high‐purity FX concentrate approved in the United States and Europe for the treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding episodes and for peri‐operative management in patients with hereditary FXD (HFXD).AimTo review pharmacokinetic dosing, efficacy, and safety data for pdFX as routine prophylaxis for HFXD.MethodsSummary of the published pharmacokinetic and safety data from TEN01, TEN02, TEN05, and real‐world publications of pdFX for prophylaxis.ResultsPharmacokinetic modelling data from the phase 3 TEN01 study supported administration of pdFX 25 IU/kg twice weekly for routine prophylaxis in adolescents/adults (aged ≥12 years). Results from nine paediatric patients in the phase 3 TEN02 study and eight adolescents/adults (aged ≥12 years) in the retrospective data‐collection TEN05 study, along with real‐world evidence, showed that routine prophylaxis with pdFX ≈40 IU/kg twice weekly in patients aged <12 years and pdFX ≈25 IU/kg twice weekly in patients aged ≥12 years was effective in bleeding prevention.ConclusionspdFX was well tolerated in clinical studies, with no new safety signals identified during routine prophylactic use. Based on current evidence, it is recommended that routine prophylaxis with pdFX be initiated at 25 IU/kg twice weekly in adults/adolescents ≥12 years of age, and at a dosage of 40 IU/kg twice weekly in children <12 years of age. Thereafter, FX levels should be closely monitored, and dosages should be adjusted according to clinical response and to maintain trough levels ≥5 IU/dl.
Musculoskeletal disorders related to dental hygienist profession
Authors: Saccucci Matteo , Zumbo Giulia , Mercuri Paola , Pranno Nicola , Sotero Selene , Zara Francesca , Vozza Iole 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are occupational illnesses concerned with different classes of professionals; dental hygienists are among those. The aim of this trial is to evaluate MSDs prevalence and significance of the symptoms in a sample of dental hygienists.Materials and MethodsA 20‐question questionnaire was administered to a sample of dental hygienists, via social networks. The variables taken into consideration were personal data, hours of sport, working habits, years of professional activity, working hours and number of patients per week, presence or absence of pain.Statistical AnalysisData were evaluated using standard statistical analysis software, and an Excel database was created. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable. Group comparison was assessed by the chi‐square test of homogeneity and Fisher's exact test. (p‐value <0.05 as significant).Results468 questionnaires were examined: 396 females (85%) and 72 males (15%). The prevailing age was between 25 and 35. Among them, 91% referred to be suffering or have suffered MSDs. The most relevant affected muscular areas are neck (30.6%), shoulder (25.0%) and lumbosacral region (23.3%); the remaining 21.1% is divided among the other regions. Association and statistical analysis among the different variables showed how presence of MSDs negatively influences absenteeism and work performance; further research regarding ergonomics, type of seat, stretching and workout prevention would be important to strengthen the results collected.ConclusionsMusculoskeletal disorders diffusion among dental hygienists is particularly high due to lack of information; the majority of interviewees showed very little awareness of it; this led to a lack of effort in facing or possibly preventing these pathologies.
Community‐acquired versus hospital‐acquired acute kidney injury at a large Australian metropolitan quaternary referral centre: incidence, associations and outcomes
Authors: Bendall Anna C. , See Emily J. , Toussaint Nigel D. , Fazio Timothy , Tan Sven‐Jean 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing global incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and significant short‐ and long‐term impacts on patients.AimsTo determine incidence and outcomes of community‐acquired AKI (CA‐AKI) and hospital‐acquired AKI (HA‐AKI) among inpatients in the Australian healthcare setting using modern health information systems.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to a quaternary hospital in Melbourne, Australia, between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2019 utilising an electronic data warehouse. Participants included adult patients admitted for >24 h who had more than one serum creatinine level recorded during admission. Kidney transplant and maintenance dialysis patients were excluded. Main outcomes measured included AKI, as classified by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, hospital length of stay and 30‐day mortality.ResultsA total of 6477 AKI episodes was identified across 43 791 admissions. Of all AKI episodes, 77% (n = 5011), 15% (n = 947) and 8% (n = 519) were KDIGO stage 1, 2 and 3 respectively. HA‐AKI accounted for 55.9% episodes. Patients required intensive care unit admission in 22.7% (n = 1100) of CA‐AKI and 19.3% (n = 935) of HA‐AKI, compared with 7.5% (n = 2815) of patients with no AKI (P = 0.001). Patients with AKI were older with more co‐morbidities, particularly chronic kidney disease (CKD). Length of stay was longer in CA‐AKI (8.8 days) and HA‐AKI (11.8 days) compared with admissions without AKI (4.9 days; P < 0.001). Thirty‐day mortality was increased with CA‐AKI (10.2%) and HA‐AKI (12.8%) compared with no AKI (3.7%; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe incidence of AKI detected by the electronic data warehouse was higher than previously reported. Patients who experienced AKI had greater morbidity and mortality. CKD was an important risk factor for AKI in hospitalised patients.
Biocontrol potential of Burkholderia sp. BV6 against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Xue Luo , Yang Chen , Jihong Wang , Lin Liu , Yuqiang Zhao , Zhitong Jiang , Yanxin Wang , Zhoukun Li , Lei Fu , Zhongli Cui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aim
To investigate the broad-spectrum antifungal activity of Burkholderia sp. BV6, that is isolated from rice roots and its biocontrol potential against rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae.

Methods and Results
We evaluated the ability to isolate BV6 in the biological control of rice blast disease and investigated its antifungal mechanisms. BV6 strongly inhibited the hyphal growth of M. oryzae Guy11 and other plant pathogenic fungi, and pot experiments showed that BV6 significantly decreases the disease index of rice blast from 47.5 to 24.6. The secreted small-molecule secondary metabolites were regarded as weapons during the antifungal process by inhibiting the germination of M. oryzae conidia and mycelial growth, and thereby prevent the following infection. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the metabolites from the supernatant of isolate BV6 showed that the antifungal weapons of isolate BV6 are novel, small, molecular hydrophilic compounds that are different from reported antifungal compounds.

Conclusions
The isolate BV6 inhibits the M. oryzae infection by the production of small-molecule antifungal compounds.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The current study discovers the role of the Burkholderia sp. BV6 in the biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi. Therefore, isolate BV6 is a potential candidate for developing a microbial formulation for the biocontrol of the most common disease of rice blast.