bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into ischemia-reperfusion injury signaling pathways in organ transplantation
Authors: Dery Kenneth J. , Kupiec-Weglinski Jerzy W. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) leading to allograft rejection in solid organ transplant recipients is a devastating event that compromises graft and patient survival. As our clinical knowledge regarding its definition and presentation has significantly improved over the last years, adequate biomarkers translating to important therapeutic intervention remains a challenge. This review will summarize recent findings in this area.

Recent findings
In the past 18 months, our understanding of organ transplantation IRI has improved. IRI involves a positive amplification feedback loop encompassing damaged cells at the graft site, the activity of redox-sensitive damage-associated molecular patterns, and local sequestration of recipient-derived monocytes, lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, like neutrophils, to sustain the immunological cascade and to enhance the destruction of the foreign tissue. Recent studies have identified critical components leading to IRI, including the oxidation state of high mobility group box 1, a classic danger signal, its role in the Toll-like receptor 4–interleukin (IL)-23–IL-17A signaling axis, and the role of neutrophils and CD321, a marker for transmigration of circulating leukocytes into the inflamed tissue. In addition, recent findings imply that the protective functions mediated by autophagy activation counterbalance the detrimental nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome pathway. Finally, clinical studies reveal the posttransplant variables associated with early allograft dysfunction and IRI.

Summary
The future challenge will be understanding how crosstalk at the molecular and cellular levels integrate prospectively to predict which peri-transplant signals are essential for long-term clinical outcomes.
Genetics of testicular cancer: a review
Authors: Martin Felicity C. , Conduit Ciara , Loveland Kate L. , Thomas Benjamin , Lewin Jeremy , Tran Ben 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most common solid malignant cancer diagnosed in young males and the incidence is increasing. Understanding the genetic basis of this disease will help us to navigate the challenges of early detection, diagnosis, treatment, surveillance, and long-term outcomes for patients.

Recent findings
TGCTs are highly heritable. Current understanding of germline risk includes the identification of one moderate-penetrance predisposition gene, checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), and 78 low-to-moderate-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms identified in genome-wide-associated studies, which account for 44% of familial risk. Biomarker research in TGCTs has been challenging for multiple reasons: oncogenesis is complex, actionable mutations are uncommon, clonal evolution unpredictable and tumours can be histologically and molecularly heterogeneous. Three somatic mutations have thus far been identified by DNA exome sequencing, exclusively in seminomas: KIT, KRAS and NRAS. Several genetic markers appear to be associated with risk of TGCT and treatment resistance. TP53 mutations appear to be associated with platinum resistance. MicroRNA expression may be a useful biomarker of residual disease and relapse in future.

Summary
The biology of testicular germ cells tumours is complex, and further research is needed to fully explain the high heritability of these cancers, as well as the molecular signatures which may drive their biological behaviour.
Micropapillary bladder cancer: an evolving biology
Authors: Lonati Chiara , Simeone Claudio , Suardi Nazareno , Briganti Alberto , Montorsi Francesco , Moschini Marco 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
To summarize a comprehensive overview of more recent evidence on micropapillary bladder cancer (MPBC), focusing on actual incidence, clinical features, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis.

Recent findings
MPBC generally exhibits an aggressive behaviour compared with pure urothelial carcinoma (pUC) with advances in tumour stage and nodal and distant spread at diagnosis. Due to its rarity and presence of only small sample size and retrospective studies, no consensus currently exists regarding the most effective therapeutic strategy to be performed among nonmuscle-invasive (conservative treatment versus immediate radical cystectomy) and muscle-invasive MPBC (neoadjuvant therapy versus upfront radical cystectomy versus adjuvant chemotherapy).

Summary
The incidence of MPBC is recently increased according to latter literature, ranging from 2.9 to 7.6% of all bladder cancer. Despite its aggressive behaviour at time of presentation, more recent evidence fails to demonstrate a significant association between MPBC and worse outcomes compared with pUC when adjusted for clinical and pathological features. According to latter evidence, MPBC pathological response to NAC appears to be unsatisfactory compared with pUC patients while neoadjuvant immunotherapy with Pembrolizumab may represent an effective treatment among MPBC patients, based on PD-L1 and TMB expression.
Novel germline mutations for active surveillance and imaging strategies in prostate cancer
Authors: Mondschein Romy , Taylor Renea , Thorne Heather , Bolton Damien 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
This review highlights the emerging role of genetics-lead medicine (GLM) in prostate cancer. We describe the benefits of GLM integration into prostate cancer screening, diagnosis and management. Imaging techniques enhancing prostate cancer detection are advancing concurrently, facilitating strategic active surveillance protocols for appropriately selected patients. We aim to improve clinician awareness of the role of GLM in current and future practice.

Recent findings
We explore recent literature advancing the role of GLM in prostate cancer detection and management, particularly as this coexists with the development of imaging technology. Our current understanding of germline mutations implicated in familial prostate cancer development is summarized. We describe how these developments are being utilized to inform screening, surveillance and the development of novel therapies. We summarize current guidelines and explore factors inhibiting optimal implementation of recommendations in clinical practice.

Summary
Integration and further development of genetics-lead medicine in the detection, surveillance and management of prostate cancer will improve clinical outcomes for men at risk of aggressive disease as a result of familial predispositions to prostate cancer. This review summarizes the pertinent developments in the field including improving clinician awareness to facilitate implantation of these strategies into current clinical practice.
Incidence and Risk Factors for New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus After Surgical Resection of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions
Authors: Firkins Stephen A. , Hart Phil A. , Porter Kyle , Chiang ChienWei , Cloyd Jordan M. , Dillhoff Mary , Lara Luis F. , Manilchuk Andrei , Papachristou Georgios I. , Pawlik Timothy M. , Tsung Allan , Conwell Darwin L. , Krishna Somashekar G. 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
There is a paucity of literature evaluating new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) after resection of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs). We sought to characterize the incidence and risk factors associated with NODM after partial pancreatectomy for PCLs.

Methods
We utilized the IBM MarketScan Database (2012–2018) to identify all nondiabetic adults who underwent partial pancreatectomy for PCLs. Patients with any other pancreatic disease were excluded. We performed Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to define the incidence and risk factors of postoperative NODM.

Results
Among 311 patients, the overall risk (95% confidence interval) of NODM was 9.1% (6.3–12.9%), 15.1% (11.3–20.2%), and 20.2% (15.3–26.4%) at 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Multivariable analysis (adjusted hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval) revealed that older age (1.97; 1.04–3.72; 55–64 vs 18–54 years), obesity (2.63; 1.35–5.12), hypertension (1.79; 1.01–3.17), and cardiovascular disease (2.54; 1.02–6.28) were independent predictors of NODM. Rates of NODM were similar after distal pancreatectomy versus pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Conclusions
Within 2 years, 1 in 5 patients without any other pancreatic disease will develop NODM after partial pancreatectomy for PCLs. Those with advanced age, metabolic syndrome features, and/or cardiovascular disease may benefit from preoperative counseling and intensive postoperative monitoring, education, and treatment for diabetes mellitus.
Subject Matter Expert Nurses in Safe Sleep Program Implementation
Authors: Stringer Marilyn , Ohnishi Bonnie Renner , Ferrarello Deborah , Lazzeri Jessica , Giordano Nicholas A. , Polomano Rosemary C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Pennsylvania sudden unexpected infant death rates rank among the highest nationally. A nursing team developed, implemented, evaluated, and disseminated an evidence-based quality improvement (QI) program at birthing hospitals in Pennsylvania to address this issue. To facilitate implementation, clinical nurses were educated as Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to empower them to transform and sustain outcomes-driven QI for infant safe sleep nursing practice.

Methods:
This descriptive study examined outcomes from 268 nurses who received comprehensive education on infant safe sleep and the SME role. Likert-type scale surveys measured knowledge gained and progress made in practice following education. A programmatic dashboard tracked program implementation. Descriptive statistics were used to report findings.

Intervention:
SME nurses (N = 268) completed two interactive learning modules addressing safe sleep guidelines and teaching strategies and attended a workshop to acquire skills for program implementation. Key competencies included data collection and dissemination, policy development, and communication techniques.

Results:
Immediate posteducation surveys completed by SMEs indicated that over 98% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed they were able to effectively demonstrate communication strategies, identify SME role components, provide environment surveillance, and demonstrate best practices in infant safe sleep. To allow time for assimilation of the of SME role, a survey was initiated at 6 months to capture progress made. Seventy-eight SMEs responded to the survey and reported exceptional or substantial progress in 10 areas for SME responsibilities.

Conclusion:
Use of the SME role for program implementation led to highly favorable SME-reported outcomes in leading a hospital-based QI program.
Pediatric Specialty Nursing Associations and their Role in Leadership Development
Authors: Beal Judy A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Professional organizations have a long and rich history of promoting leadership development since the late 1800s. Professional nursing organizations and associations advocate for the profession of nursing and nurses, develop health care policies and standards that ensure the highest level of patient care quality, assure the highest level of education, provide professional development and continuing education, and offer research, networking, and career advancement opportunities for their members. Currently there are 10 nationally based pediatric nursing specialty organizations and associations, most of which also have regional or local chapters.

Purpose:
To use a scoping review to identify and summarize contributions of pediatric nursing organizations and associations in the United States to leadership development in pediatric nursing practice.

Results:
Although there are leadership programs sponsored by professional nursing organizations and mentions of leadership in their mission and “about us” statements, there is very little empirical evidence of the contributions that pediatric nursing specialty bodies make to the development of leaders.

Conclusions:
Membership in a professional nursing organization provides nurses with professional development; continuing education including journal subscription and conference attendance; networking; opportunities for specialty certification, career advancement, and leadership development; and research-based clinical standards and guidelines that promote best practice. The relationship between membership in pediatric professional organizations and leadership is clear in mission statements and strategic plans. Nurse leaders play a key role in advancing the organization's mission and goals. Nursing faculty, practice executives, and professional organizations and associations have an obligation to demonstrate value of membership in advancing the profession and developing future leaders. Future research is needed to describe the contributions of pediatric nursing professional organizations to leadership development of nurses.
A Crosswalk Analysis Between Magnet® Standards and Clinical Nurse Specialist Practice Competencies
Authors: Fulton Janet S. , Gilbert Jason H. , Rader Tiffany , Keen Alyson , Shay Amy C. , Moody Rachel , Walker Jane 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the alignment between the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Magnet Recognition Program® standards and clinical nurse specialist (CNS) practice competencies.

BACKGROUND
Despite documentation of CNS contributions to achieving and sustaining Magnet Recognition®, there is a lack of evidence clearly aligning Magnet® standards and CNS practice competencies.

METHODS
Using a crosswalk method, an expert panel of CNSs and chief nursing executives analyzed alignment of the 50 Magnet standards with the 44 National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialists core practice competencies.

RESULTS
CNS practice competencies are aligned closely with Magnet standards: 86% of the 50 Magnet standards aligned with at least 1 CNS competency and 81.8% of CNS competencies aligned with at least 1 Magnet® standard.

CONCLUSIONS
The alignment between Magnet standards and CNS competencies supports evidence of CNS contributions to organizational achievement of Magnet Recognition and will assist nurse executives in identifying a full scope of opportunities for CNSs to contribute to nursing excellence.
Increasing Exposure to Primary Care Nursing Through Curriculum Revision and an Innovative Nursing Minor
Authors: Bell Tia , Blazek Julie , Elsea Karen , Morris Toni 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The changing health care environment dictates a workforce competently trained to address chronic health care issues particularly in primary care settings. Curriculum analysis identified deficits in primary care education and the need to create academic opportunities that bridge the gap between primary health care needs and nursing preparation.

Method:
An existing academic-clinical partnership was leveraged to create a primary care minor for BSN students designed to provide a comprehensive adjunct to the traditional baccalaureate nursing curriculum. A total of 19 credits and 150 clinical hours are necessary to complete the minor. Additionally, the BSN curriculum was revised to include primary care for all students.

Results:
A total of 45 students and 26 preceptors have participated in the elective courses. Eight students have completed the minor with 11 additional students in the final course.

Conclusion:
A nursing curriculum with increased primary care exposure may improve workforce preparation and address health care needs.
Comorbid HIV Infection and Opioid Use Disorder Simulation for Nurse Practitioner Students
Authors: Woroch Ruth A. , Chu Minseung , Gingell Monica J. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and opioid use disorder (OUD) often occur as comorbid conditions. Many nurse practitioners are treating these conditions in their practice.

Problem:
Most advanced practice registered nursing (APRN) students do not encounter a medically complex patient with both HIV infection and OUD during their clinical experiences.

Approach:
We present an unfolding simulated standardized patient scenario involving both HIV infection and OUD for APRN students. During each of 3 semesters, the students encounter the patient as he presents for a sexually transmitted infection, an OUD relapse, and, finally, new-onset HIV infection. The scenarios become increasingly complex as the students progress in their clinical experiences.

Conclusion:
This innovative series of scenarios introduces APRN students to complex comorbid patient situations, with many issues to consider.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis With Topical Estrogen-Progesterone Use in a Young Heterosexual Male
Authors: Aldraihem Moneera O. , Al-Senani Fahmi , Bashir Shahid 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Our report sheds light on the risk of topical hormonal use in relation to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. We diagnosed our patient with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) using computed tomography venogram, then detailed history and examination were obtained, and thorough blood tests and imaging were done to exclude other causes of CVT like thrombophilias, infections, and malignancies.

Case Report:
Our patient is a 37-year-old heterosexual male, presented with headache only. The computed tomography venogram showed extensive CVT in the right internal jugular vein, sigmoid, transverse, and straight cerebral venous; detailed history and investigations suggest that his use of crushed oral contraceptive pills mixed with water topically on the scalp is the most important predisposing factor. This patient was managed with anticoagulants and is being followed in the clinic.

Conclusion:
Oral hormonal use in contraceptives is a known risk factor for CVT. This case sheds light on the importance of topical hormonal use concerning CVT in females and males; it stresses the need for more studies in that area, as it is poorly studied.
Factors Associated With Drug Consumption Without Scientific Evidence in Patients With Mild COVID-19 in Peru
Authors: Soriano-Moreno David R. , Fernandez-Guzman Daniel , Sangster-Carrasco Lucero , Quispe-Vicuña Carlos , Grados-Espinoza Pamela , Ccami-Bernal Fabricio , Morocho-Alburqueque Noelia , Coba-Villan Naomi , Velasquez-Fernandez Randy , Nieto-Gutierrez Wendy 
Published: July 2022

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with the consumption of drugs without scientific evidence in patients with mild COVID-19 infection in Peru.

Methods
An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out including 372 adult patients with a history of mild COVID-19 disease. Factors associated with drug consumption were evaluated by Poisson regressions with robust variance adjustment using the bootstrapping resampling method.

Results
Seventy-two percent consumed some medication without scientific evidence, with antibiotics (71%) and ivermectin for human use (68%) being the most commonly used. Factors associated with the consumption of drugs to treat mild COVID-19 infection were thinking that the drugs are not effective (adjusted prevalence ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.74) and not being informed about the efficacy of the drugs (adjusted prevalence ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.65).

Conclusions
Education of the population seems to be the main factor that increases the consumption of drugs without scientific evidence in the Peruvian population to treat mild COVID-19.
Inpatient Satisfaction With Surgical Resident Care After Elective General and Oncologic Surgery
Authors: McKinley Sophia K. , Wojcik Brandon M. , Witt Emily E. , Hamdi Isra , Mansur Arian , Petrusa Emil , Mullen John T. , Phitayakorn Roy 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To investigate inpatient satisfaction with surgical resident care.

Background:
Surgical trainees are often the primary providers of care to surgical inpatients, yet patient satisfaction with surgical resident care is not well characterized or routinely assessed.

Methods:
English-speaking, general surgery inpatients recovering from elective gastrointestinal and oncologic surgery were invited to complete a survey addressing their satisfaction with surgical resident care. Patients positively identified photos of surgical senior residents and interns before completing a modified version of the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Surgical Care Survey (S-CAHPS). Adapted S-CAHPS items were scored using the “top-box” method.

Results:
Ninety percent of recruited patients agreed to participate (324/359, mean age=62.2, 50.3% male). Patients were able to correctly identify their seniors and interns 85% and 83% of the time, respectively (P=0.14). On a 10-point scale, seniors had a mean rating of 9.23±1.27 and interns had a mean rating of 9.01±1.49 (P=0.14). Ninety-nine percent of patients agreed it was important to help in the education of future surgeons.

Conclusions:
Surgical inpatients were able to recognize their resident physicians with high frequency and rated resident care highly overall, suggesting that they may serve as a willing source of feedback regarding residents’ development of core competencies such as interpersonal skills, communication, professionalism, and patient care. Future work should investigate how to best incorporate patient evaluation of surgical resident care routinely into trainee assessment to support resident development.
Management of Pathogenic CDH1 Variant Carriers Within the FREGAT Network
Authors: Bres Capucine , Voron Thibault , Benhaim Leonor , Bergeat Damien , Parc Yann , Karoui Mehdi , Genser Laurent , Péré Guillaume , Demma Jonathan A. , Bacoeur-Ouzillou Ophélie , Lebreton Gil , Thereaux Jeremie , Gronnier Caroline , Dartigues Peggy , Svrcek Magali , Bouzillé Guillaume , Bardier Armelle , Brunac Anne C. , Roche Brigitte , Darcha Claude , Bazille Celine , Doucet Laurent , Belleannee Genevieve , Lejeune Sophie , Buisine Marie P. , Renaud Florence , Nuytens Frederiek , Benusiglio Patrick R. , Veziant Julie , Eveno Clarisse , Piessen Guillaume 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To describe the management of pathogenic CDH1 variant carriers (pCDH1vc) within the FREGAT (FRench Eso-GAsTric tumor) network. Primary objective focused on clinical outcomes and pathological findings, Secondary objective was to identify risk factor predicting postoperative morbidity (POM).

Background:
Prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) remains the recommended option for gastric cancer risk management in pCDH1vc with, however, endoscopic surveillance as an alternative.

Methods:
A retrospective observational multicenter study was carried out between 2003 and 2021. Data were reported as median (interquartile range) or as counts (proportion). Usual tests were used for univariate analysis. Risk factors of overall and severe POM (ie, Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or more) were identified with a binary logistic regression.

Results:
A total of 99 patients including 14 index cases were reported from 11 centers. Median survival among index cases was 12.0 (7.6–16.4) months with most of them having peritoneal carcinomatosis at diagnosis (71.4%). Among the remaining 85 patients, 77 underwent a PTG [median age=34.6 (23.7–46.2), American Society of Anesthesiologists score 1: 75%] mostly via a minimally invasive approach (51.9%). POM rate was 37.7% including 20.8% of severe POM, with age 40 years and above and low-volume centers as predictors (P=0.030 and 0.038). After PTG, the cancer rate on specimen was 54.5% (n=42, all pT1a) of which 59.5% had no cancer detected on preoperative endoscopy (n=25).

Conclusions:
Among pCDH1vc, index cases carry a dismal prognosis. The risk of cancer among patients undergoing PTG remained high and unpredictable and has to be balanced with the morbidity and functional consequence of PTG.