bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-loop central-emission vertex for two gluons in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Byrne Emmet P. , Del Duca Vittorio , Dixon Lance J. , Gardi Einan , Smillie Jennifer M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A necessary ingredient for extending the BFKL equation to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy is the one-loop central emission vertex (CEV) for two gluons which are not strongly ordered in rapidity. Here we consider the one-loop six-gluon amplitude in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory in a central next-to-multi-Regge kinematic (NMRK) limit, we show that its dispersive part factorises in terms of the two-gluon CEV, and we use it to extract the one-loop two-gluon CEV for any helicity configuration within this theory. This is a component of the two-gluon CEV in QCD. Although computed in the NMRK limit, both the colour structure and the kinematic dependence of the two-gluon CEV capture much of the complexity of the six-gluon amplitudes in general kinematics. In fact, the transcendental functions of the latter can be conveniently written in terms of impact factors, trajectories, single-emission CEVs and a remainder, which is a function of the conformally invariant cross ratios which characterise the six-gluon amplitudes in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. Finally, as expected, in the MRK limit the two-gluon CEV neatly factorises in terms of two single-emission CEVs.
Binary Encoded Recursive Generation of Quantum Space-Times
Authors: Marks Dennis W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReal geometric algebras distinguish between space and time; complex ones do not. Space-times can be classified in terms of numbernof dimensions and metric signatures(number of spatial dimensionsminusnumber of temporal dimensions). Real geometric algebras are periodic ins, but recursive inn. Recursion starts from the basis vectors of either the Euclidean plane or the Minkowskian plane. Although the two planes have different geometries, they have the same real geometric algebra. The direct product of the two planes yields Hestenes’ space-time algebra. Dimensions can be either open (for space-time) or closed (for the electroweak force). Their product yields the eight-fold way of the strong force. After eight dimensions, the pattern of real geometric algebras repeats. This yields a spontaneously expanding space-time lattice with the physics of the Standard Model at each node. Physics being the same at each node implies conservation laws by Noether’s theorem. Conservation laws are not pre-existent; rather, they are consequences of the uniformity of space-time, whose uniformity is a consequence of its recursive generation.
The Prognostic Impact of Extent of Vascular Invasion in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Leong David , Gill Anthony J. , Turchini John , Waller Michael , Clifton‐Bligh Roderick , Glover Anthony , Sywak Mark , Sidhu Stan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEncapsulated angioinvasive follicular thyroid carcinoma (EAFTC) is associated with an increased risk of distant metastasis and reduced survival compared to minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma (MIFTC). There is controversy regarding the extent of surgery and adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy for angioinvasive follicular thyroid carcinoma when stratified by number of foci of angioinvasion.MethodsAll follicular thyroid carcinoma cases from 1990–2018 were identified from a thyroid cancer database. Primary outcomes were distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) with factors of interest being age, gender, tumour size, treatment, foci of angioinvasion and histological subtype.ResultsA total of 292 cases were identified; 139 MIFTC, 141 EAFTC and 12 widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma (WIFTC). Over a follow‐up period of 6.25 years, DMFS was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) with 14.2% (EAFTC) and 50% of WIFTC developing metastasis. The risk of metastasis in EAFTC with ≥ 4 foci of angioinvasion was 31.7% (HR = 5.89, p = 0.004), 6.3% for EAFTC with < 4 foci of angioinvasion (HR = 1.74, p = 0.47), compared to 3.6% MIFTC. Age ≥ 50 years (HR = 4.24, p = 0.005) and tumour size (HR = 1.27, p = 0.014) were significantly associated with increased risk of distant metastasis. DSS was reduced significantly (p < 0.001), with 7.8% EAFTC patients dying of disease. For EAFTC patients, DSS was 96.8% for < 4 foci and 82.6% for ≥ 4 foci of angioinvasion (p = 0.003).ConclusionEAFTC is at increased risk of distant metastasis related to the extent of angioinvasion. Tumours with < 4 foci of angioinvasion should be considered for a total thyroidectomy, particularly in older patients.
Changes in temperature–precipitation correlations over Europe: are climate models reliable?
Authors: Vrac Mathieu , Thao Soulivanh , Yiou Pascal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInter-variable correlations (e.g., between daily temperature and precipitation) are key statistical properties to characterise probabilities of simultaneous climate events and compound events. Their correct simulations from climate models, both in values and in changes over time, is then a prerequisite to investigate their future changes and associated impacts. Therefore, this study first evaluates the capabilities of one 11-single run multi-model ensemble (CMIP6) and one 40-member single model initial-condition large ensemble (CESM) over Europe to reproduce the characteristics of a reanalysis dataset (ERA5) in terms of temperature–precipitation correlations and their historical changes. Next, the ensembles’ correlations for the end of the 21st century are compared. Over the historical period, both CMIP6 and CESM ensembles have season-dependent and spatially structured biases. Moreover, the inter-variable correlations from both ensembles mostly appear stationary. Thus, although reanalysis displays significant correlation changes, none of the ensembles can reproduce them, with internal variability representing only 30% on the inter-model variability. However, future correlations show significant changes over large spatial patterns. Yet, those patterns are rather different for CMIP6 and CESM, reflecting a large uncertainty in changes. In addition, for historical and future projections, an analysis conditional on atmospheric circulation regimes is performed. The conditional correlations given the regimes are found to be the main contributor to the biases in correlation over the historical period, and to the past and future changes of correlation. These results highlight the importance of the large-scale circulation regimes and the need to understand their physical relationships with local-scale phenomena associated to specific inter-variable correlations.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: an evaluation of obstetric management in German maternity units
Authors: Zehner Leonie , Mai Maria , Dückelmann Anna M. , Hamza Amr , Eckmann-Scholz Christel , Maass Nicolai , Pecks Ulrich 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is associated with adverse fetal and neonatal outcome. Evidence for improvement by obstetric management is sparse. Common international guidelines recommend induction of labor before term, however, they differ in recommendations of monitoring the disease and time point of active management. So far, an official guideline for treatment and management of ICP in Germany does not exist. This study aims to compile common practice and policy in obstetric management of ICP in German maternity units. The objective is to gather obstetricians’ opinion on management of ICP, and to estimate the need for standardization of current practice in Germany on the background of existing evidence.

Methods
A questionnaire focusing on indications for interventions was developed including fourteen multiple-choice questions comprising the areas of diagnostic criteria, laboratory testing, fetal monitoring, treatment, and delivery timing. The survey was sent to 699 maternity clinics and was distributed to participants of the annual congress hosted by the German society of perinatal medicine (DGPM). Collected data were summarized and evaluated in relation to available evidence and existing guidelines. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test were used.

Results
334 completed questionnaires returned corresponding to a response rate of 48.1%. Coinciding with existing international guidelines, 48.8% of the participants acknowledge bile acid concentrations above 10 µmol/L to be indicative of ICP. 85.0% of obstetricians recommend antenatal testing with cardiotocography, exceeding common standards of maternity policy guidelines; 50.3% execute active management in ICP-affected pregnancies as they generally recommend a delivery between 37 + 0 and 38 + 6 weeks of gestation. Although recent studies evinced a risk of stillbirth in ICP-affected pregnancies not until a bile acid concentration of > 100 µmol/L, 22.2% of the respondents recommend delivery before 37 + 0 weeks of gestation due to raised bile acids of 40–99 µmol/L.

Conclusions
Opinions on the management of ICP in German maternity units differ widely and partly deviate by large from international standards. Reasons for this may be the lack of a national guideline and the low awareness due to the rarity of the disease on the one hand and the very slow dynamics in evidence generation and thus the uncertainty about the actual risks and optimal management on the other. The present data highlight the need for further research and clinical guidelines to standardize and optimize treatment based on the best available evidence.
Deciphering clinical significance of BCL11A isoforms and protein expression roles in triple-negative breast cancer subtype
Authors: Angius Andrea , Pira Giovanna , Cossu-Rocca Paolo , Sotgiu Giovanni , Saderi Laura , Muroni Maria Rosaria , Virdis Patrizia , Piras Daniela , Vincenzo Rallo , Carru Ciriaco , Coradduzza Donatella , Uras Maria Gabriela , Cottu Pierina , Fancellu Alessandro , Orrù Sandra , Uva Paolo , De Miglio Maria Rosaria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive clinical tumor, accounting for about 25% of breast cancer (BC) related deaths. Chemotherapy is the only therapeutic option to treat TNBC, hence a detailed understanding of the biology and its categorization is required. To investigate the clinical relevance of BCL11A in TNBC subtype, we focused on gene and protein expression and its mutational status in a large cohort of this molecular subtype.

Methods
Gene expression profiling of BCL11A and its isoforms (BCL11A-XL, BCL11A-L and BCL11A-S) has been determined in Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched and TNBC subtypes. BCL11A protein expression has been analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and its mutational status by Sanger sequencing.

Results
In our study, BCL11A was significantly overexpressed in TNBC both at transcriptional and translational levels compared to other BC molecular subtypes. A total of 404 TNBCs were selected and examined showing a high prevalence of BCL11A-XL (37.3%) and BCL11A-L (31.4%) isoform expression in TNBC, associated with a 26% of BCL11A protein expression levels. BCL11A protein expression predicts scarce LIV (HR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29–0.92, P = 0.03) and AR downregulation (HR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16–0.88; P = 0.02), as well as a higher proliferative index in TNBC cells. BCL11A-L expression is associated with more aggressive TNBC histological types, such as medullary and metaplastic carcinoma.

Conclusion
Our finding showed that BCL11A protein expression acts as an unfavorable prognostic factor in TNBC patients, especially in non luminal TNBCs subgroups. These results may yield a better treatment strategy by providing a new parameter for TNBC classification.
Context-Dependent Parameter Sensitivities in Rock Slope Stability
Authors: Low Bak Kong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Context-dependent sensitivities of parameters and reliability-based design (RBD) of rock slopes are the subjects of this paper. The similarities and differences between the design points in RBD and those of partial factor design methods are discussed. It is demonstrated that partial factors provided by the design point of the first-order reliability method (FORM) can provide case-specific insights and guidance to partial factor design methods like Eurocode 7 (EC7) and the load and resistance factor design (LRFD). It is suggested that conducting RBD-via-FORM in tandem with partial factor designs is more illuminating and meaningful than calibration of partial factors of parameters which can be sensitive in one case but insensitive in another case. Three cases are analysed probabilistically with respect to plane sliding in rock slopes with one or more discontinuities. In the first two cases, different deterministic solution procedures are used for the single block and two-block mechanisms, for comparison with stereographic projection method and closed form equation, respectively, prior to extending the cases into RBD. The third case involves a failed slope in a limestone quarry, analysed using FORM in this paper, for comparison with Monte Carlo simulation.
Apixaban versus other anticoagulants in patients with nonvalvular fibrillation: a comparison of all-cause and event-related costs in real-life setting in France
Authors: Belhassen Manon , Hanon Olivier , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Mahé Isabelle , Née Mélanie , Jacoud Flore , Dalon Faustine , Cotté François-Emery , Guitard-Dehoux Dominique , Marant-Micallef Claire , Van Ganse Eric , Danchin Nicolas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Compare costs associated with all-cause healthcare resource use (HCRU), stroke/systemic thromboembolism (STE) and major bleedings (MB) between patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) initiating apixaban or other oral anticoagulants (OACs).

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study using the French healthcare claims database, including NVAF patients between 2014/01/01 and 2016/12/31, followed until 2016/12/31. We used 4 sub-cohorts of OAC-naive patients, respectively initiating apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or VKAs. We matched patients initiating apixaban with patients initiating each other OACs using 1:n propensity score matching. All-cause HCRU and event-related costs by OAC treatment were estimated and compared between matched patients using generalised-linear models with gamma-distribution and two-part models.

Results
There were 175,766 patients in the apixaban–VKA, 181,809 in the apixaban–rivaroxaban, and 42,490 in the apixaban–dabigatran matched cohorts. Patients initiating apixaban had significantly lower HCRU costs than patients initiating VKA (€1,105 vs. €1,578, p < 0.0001), dabigatran (€993 vs. €1,140, p < 0.0001) and rivaroxaban (€1,013 vs. €1,088 p < 0.0001). They have had significantly lower costs related to stroke/STE and MB than patients initiating VKA (respectively, €183 vs. €449 and €147 vs. €413; p < 0.0001), rivaroxaban (respectively, €145 vs. €197 and €129 vs. €193; p < 0.0001), and lower costs related to stroke/STE than patients initiating dabigatran (€135 vs. €192, p < 0.02). Costs related to MB were not significantly different in patients initiating apixaban and those initiating dabigatran (€119 vs. €149, p = 0.07).

Conclusions
HCRU and most event-related costs were lower in patients initiating apixaban compared to other OACs. Apixaban may be cost-saving compared to VKAs, and significantly cheaper than other DOACs, although cost differences are limited.
Experimental investigations of the human oesophagus: anisotropic properties of the embalmed mucosa–submucosa layer under large deformation
Authors: Durcan Ciara , Hossain Mokarram , Chagnon Grégory , Perić Djordje , Karam Georges , Bsiesy Lara , Girard Edouard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMechanical characterisation of the layer-specific, viscoelastic properties of the human oesophagus is crucial in furthering the development of devices emerging in the field, such as robotic endoscopic biopsy devices, as well as in enhancing the realism, and therefore effectiveness, of surgical simulations. In this study, the viscoelastic and stress-softening behaviour of the passive human oesophagus was investigated through ex vivo cyclic mechanical tests. Due to restrictions placed on the laboratory as a result of COVID-19, only oesophagi from cadavers fixed in formalin were allowed for testing. Three oesophagi in total were separated into their two main layers and the mucosa–submucosa layer was investigated. A series of uniaxial tensile tests were conducted in the form of increasing stretch level cyclic tests at two different strain rates: 1% s$$^{-1}$$

-
1

and 10% s$$^{-1}$$

-
1

. Rectangular samples in both the longitudinal and circumferential directions were tested to observe any anisotropy. Histological analysis was also performed through a variety of staining methods. Overall, the longitudinal direction was found to be much stiffer than the circumferential direction. Stress-softening was observed in both directions, as well as permanent set and hysteresis. Strain rate-dependent behaviour was also apparent in the two directions, with an increase in strain rate resulting in an increase in stiffness. This strain rate dependency was more pronounced in the longitudinal direction than the circumferential direction. Finally, the results were discussed in regard to the histological content of the layer, and the behaviour was modelled and validated using a visco-hyperelastic matrix-fibre model.
Burden of caregiving for cardiovascular dysautonomia in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ledda Claudia , Montanaro Elisa , Imbalzano Gabriele , Merola Aristide , Bruno Ilaria , Artusi Carlo Alberto , Zibetti Maurizio , Rizzone Mario Giorgio , Bozzali Marco , Sobrero Gabriele , Vallelonga Fabrizio , Maule Simona , Lopiano Leonardo , Romagnolo Alberto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We sought to estimate the impact of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (cAN) on informal caregivers of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), defined as individuals providing regular care to a friend, partner, or family member with PD, and to evaluate the mutual relationship between caregiver burden and patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods
We enrolled 36 consecutive patients with PD and their informal caregivers. Patients underwent a detailed motor, autonomic, cognitive, and functional assessment. Caregivers were assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Differences in caregiver burden, expressed by the ZBI score, and strength of association between caregiver burden, cAN, and HRQoL were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), logistic regression, and linear regression analyses. Analyses were adjusted for patients’ age, PD duration, and motor and cognitive disability, as well as caregivers’ age.

Results
Moderate-severe caregiver burden was reported in 41.7% of PDcAN+ versus 8.7% of PDcAN− (p < 0.001). The ZBI score was increased in PDcAN+ versus PDcAN− (31.5 ± 3.4 versus 15.2 ± 2.3; p < 0.001), with tenfold higher odds (p = 0.012) of moderate-severe caregiver burden in PDcAN+, even after adjusting for potential confounders. The ZBI score correlated with cAN severity (p = 0.005), global autonomic impairment (p = 0.012), and HRQoL impairment (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
These results highlight the significant impact of cAN on PD caregivers and the need for targeted interventions addressing this frequently overlooked and insufficiently treated source of nonmotor disability in PD.
A Package of Momentum and Heat Transfer Coefficients for the Stable Surface Layer Extended by New Coefficients over Sea Ice
Authors: Gryanik Vladimir M. , Lüpkes Christof 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe bulk transfer coefficients of momentum, heat, and humidity belong to the main ingredients of numerical weather prediction and climate models. They are needed for the calculation of turbulent fluxes in the surface layer and often rely on the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory requiring universal stability functions. The problem of a derivation of transfer coefficients based on different stability functions has been considered by many researchers over the years but it remains to this day. In this work, dedicated to the memory of S.S. Zilitinkevich, we also address this task, and obtain transfer coefficients from three pairs of theoretically derived stability functions suggested by Zilitinkevich and co-authors for stable conditios. Additionally, we construct non-iterative parametrizations of these transfer coefficients based on earlier work. Results are compared with state-of-the-art coefficients for land, ocean, and sea ice. The combined parametrizations form a package in a universal framework relying on a semi-analytical solution of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory equations. A comparison with data of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean campaign (SHEBA) over sea ice reveals large differences between the coefficients for land conditions and the measurements over sea ice. However, two schemes of Zilitinkevich and co-authors show, after slight modification, good agreement with SHEBA although they had not been especially developed for sea ice. One pair of the modified transfer coefficients is superior and is compatible to earlier SHEBA-based parametrizations. Finally, an algorithm for practical use of all transfer coefficients in climate models is given.
Quantitative flow ratio to predict long-term coronary artery bypass graft patency in patients with left main coronary artery disease
Authors: Dowling Cameron , Nelson Adam J. , Lim Ren Yik , Zhang Jun Michael , Cheng Kevin , Smith Julian A. , Seneviratne Sujith , Malaiapan Yuvaraj , Zaman Sarah , Wong Dennis T. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) has been demonstrated in some studies to predict long-term coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patency. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is an emerging technology which may predict FFR. In this study, we hypothesised that QFR would predict long-term CABG patency and that QFR would offer superior diagnostic performance to quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

Methods
A prospective study was performed on patients with left main coronary artery disease who were undergoing CABG. QFR, QCA and IVUS assessment was performed. Follow-up computed tomography coronary angiography and invasive coronary angiography was undertaken to assess graft patency.

Results
A total of 22 patients, comprising of 65 vessels were included in the analysis. At a median follow-up of 3.6 years post CABG (interquartile range, 2.3 to 4.8 years), 12 grafts (18.4%) were occluded. QFR was not statistically significantly higher in occluded grafts (0.81 ± 0.19 vs. 0.69 ± 0.21; P = 0.08). QFR demonstrated a discriminatory power to predict graft occlusion (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 0.88; P = 0.03). At long-term follow-up, the risk of graft occlusion was higher in vessels with a QFR > 0.80 (58.6% vs. 17.0%; hazard ratio, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.05 to 14.42; P = 0.03 by log-rank test). QCA (minimum lumen diameter, lesion length, diameter stenosis) and IVUS (minimum lumen area, minimum lumen diameter, diameter stenosis) parameters were not predictive of long-term graft patency.

Conclusions
QFR may predict long-term graft patency in patients undergoing CABG.