bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hemoglobinopathies, molecular disease mechanisms and diagnostics
Authors: Harteveld Cornelis L. , Achour Ahlem , Arkesteijn Sandra J. G. , ter Huurne Jeanet , Verschuren Maaike , Bhagwandien‐Bisoen Sharda , Schaap Rianne , Vijfhuizen Linda , el Idrissi Hakima , Koopmann Tamara T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHemoglobinopathies are the most common monogenic disorders in the world with an ever increasing global disease burden each year. As most hemoglobinopathies show recessive inheritance carriers are usually clinically silent. Programmes for preconception and antenatal carrier screening, with the option of prenatal diagnosis are considered beneficial in many endemic countries. With the development of genetic tools such as Array analysis and Next Generation Sequencing in addition to state of the art screening at the hematologic, biochemic and genetic level, have contributed to the discovery of an increasing number of rare rearrangements and novel factors influencing the disease severity over the recent years. This review summarizes the basic requirements for adequate carrier screening analysis, the importance of genotype–phenotype correlation and how this may lead to the unrevealing exceptional interactions causing a clinically more severe phenotype in otherwise asymptomatic carriers. A special group of patients are β‐thalassemia carriers presenting with features of β‐thalassemia intermedia of various clinical severity. The disease mechanisms may involve duplicated α‐globin genes, mosaic partial Uniparental Isodisomy of chromosome 11p15.4 where the HBB gene is located or haplo‐insufficiency of a non‐linked gene SUPT5H on chromosome 19q, first described in two Dutch families with β‐thalassemia trait without variants in the HBB gene.
Practical application of mathematical calculations and statistical methods for the routine haematology laboratory
Authors: Padmore Ruth , Petersen Katryna , Campbell Chris , Chennette Manon , Sabourin Ann , Shaw Julie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundStatistical analyses are embedded as critical functions in the routine haematology laboratory.AimThis educational article is aimed at providing an overview of these topics and practical application examples.Materials, Methods, and ResultsTopics covered include mathematical conversion between units, maintaining a quality control (QC) system, statistical methods for reagent validation, and determining uncertainty of measurement (UoM).DiscussionAdditional considerations may be required when a regional laboratory program is in place, such as the harmonization of INR results and determination of therapeutic reference intervals for unfractionated heparin therapy.ConclusionThe coauthors of this manuscript are fortunate to be part of regional network of hospital laboratories, the Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association (EORLA).
Incorporation limit of MoO3 in sodium borosilicate glasses
Authors: Sukenaga Sohei , Unozawa Hiroki , Chiba Yuki , Tashiro Masanori , Kawanishi Sakiko , Shibata Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOptimizing the concentration of molybdenum incorporated in a borosilicate glass matrix is essential in the vitrification of high‐level radioactive waste. However, the incorporation limit of MoO3 in fundamental borosilicate systems has been rarely correlated with the local structure of the molybdenum cations. This study investigates the variations in the incorporation limit of MoO3 in ternary sodium borosilicate glass upon varying the B2O3/(SiO2 + B2O3) ratio (i.e., B). The incorporation limit of MoO3 was less than 3 mol% in the low‐B region (B < 0.7), where molybdenum cations mainly existed as [MoO4]2−. However, when B was higher than 0.85, the incorporation limit was higher than 6 mol%, and the Raman spectra indicated the presence of octahedrally coordinated molybdenum cations, essential to stabilize the Mo–O–Mo linkage. The variation in the local structure of molybdenum cations can be explained by the available amount of non‐framework cations compensating for the negative charge near [MoO4]2−. These results allow the development of glass compositions with a high incorporation limit of MoO3 simply by controlling the local structure near the molybdenum cations.
Failure by slow crack growth of SiC fibers: Comparing the lifetime scatter for single filaments and multifilament tows
Authors: Mazerat Stéphane , Pailler René 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSiC‐based fibers are subjected to slow crack growth, a crack growth mechanism activated by stresses and the chemical environment, as identified by static fatigue testing. Such tests can be performed on filaments or bundles. Although both types of specimens show a similar lifetime variation, testing of bundles is often preferred. This work compares the scatter of lifetimes predicted for filaments and for tows using a dedicated Monte Carlo simulation tool relying on the following hypotheses: The stress applied to a single filament can be defined, whereas the size of its most critical flaw cannot; on a bundle, neither the applied stress nor the strength of the critical filament (which triggers the cascade failure and the tow failure) can be defined. Depending on the parallelism of fibers inside the bundle and their strength dispersion, the lifetime scatter can be narrower for filaments compared to tows or vice versa.
Comparison of Monkeypox virus genomes from the 2017 Nigeria outbreak and the 2022 outbreak
Authors: Wassenaar Trudy M. , Wanchai Visanu , Ussery David W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
The current Monkeypox virus (MPX) outbreak is not only the largest known outbreak to date caused by a strain belonging to the West-African clade, but also results in remarkably different clinical and epidemiological features compared to previous outbreaks of this virus. Here, we consider the possibility that mutations in the viral genome may be responsible for its changed characteristics.

Methods and Results
Six genome sequences of isolates from the current outbreak were compared to five genomes of isolates from the 2017 outbreak in Nigeria and to two historic genomes, all belonging to the West-African clade. We report differences that are consistently present in the 2022 isolates but not in the others. Although some variation in repeat units was observed, only two were consistently found in the 2022 genomes only, and these were located in intergenic regions. A total of 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms were consistently present in the 2022 isolates compared to the 2017 isolates. Of these, 25 caused an amino acid substitution in a predicted protein.

Conclusions
The nature of the substitution and the annotation of the affected protein identified potential candidates that might affect the virulence of the virus. These included the viral DNA helicase and transcription factors.

Significance
This bioinformatic analysis provides guidance for wet-lab research to identify changed properties of the MPX.
ISGylation of EMD promotes its interaction with PDHA to inhibit aerobic oxidation in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Cui Jiangtao , Cao Leiqun , Tian Xiaoting , Miao Yayou , Wang Yikun , Qiu Shiyu , Guo Wanxin , Ma Lifang , Xia Jinjing , Zhang Xiao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAbnormal nuclear structure caused by dysregulation of skeletal proteins is a common phenomenon in tumour cells. However, how skeletal proteins promote tumorigenesis remains uncovered. Here, we revealed the mechanism by which skeletal protein Emerin (EMD) promoted glucose metabolism to induce lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Firstly, we identified that EMD was highly expressed and promoted the malignant phenotypes in LUAD. The high expression of EMD might be due to its low level of ubiquitination. Additionally, the ISGylation at lysine 37 of EMD inhibited lysine 36 ubiquitination and upregulated EMD stability. We further explored that EMD could inhibit aerobic oxidation and stimulate glycolysis. Mechanistically, via its β‐catenin interaction domain, EMD bound with PDHA, stimulated serine 293 and 300 phosphorylation and inhibited PDHA expression, facilitated glycolysis of glucose that should enter the aerobic oxidation pathway, and EMD ISGylation was essential for EMD‐PDHA interaction. In clinical LUAD specimens, EMD was negatively associated with PDHA, while positively associated with EMD ISGylation, tumour stage and diameter. In LUAD with higher glucose level, EMD expression and ISGylation were higher. Collectively, EMD was a stimulator for LUAD by inhibiting aerobic oxidation via interacting with PDHA. Restricting cancer‐promoting role of EMD might be helpful for LUAD treatment.
Ludwik Gumplowicz (1897–1898), Ibn Khaldun: An Arab Sociologist of the 14th Century
Authors: Bucholc Marta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLudwik Gumplowicz (1838–1909) was one of the key figures of the early period of sociology. Polish Jew, born in Krakow, he was Professor of Public Law at the University of Graz. His theory focused on intergroup conflict, but also on the origins and functioning of the state. His 1897–1898 contribution Ibn Khaldun: An Arab Sociologist of the 14th Century is a highly original attempt to use Ibn Khaldun's philosophy of history to defend his own sociological concepts, including the role of group dynamics and the significance of political and cultural factors in the constitution of communities. Gumplowicz argues for the relevance of Ibn Khaldun's ideas for the world of late nineteenth century, with its hectic academic debates and its troubled politics.
In vitro screening and in vivo evaluation of antiparasitic phytochemicals against Cryptocaryon irritans in pompano, Trachinotus ovatus
Authors: Mao Wei‐Wei , Zhao Zi‐Chen , Li Gui‐Hua , Guo Wei‐Liang , Ding Ze‐Hao , Wang Shi‐Feng , Sun Yun , Cao Zhen‐Jie , Li Jian‐Long , Zhou Yong‐Can 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCryptocaryon irritans, one of the most devastating holotrichous ciliated protozoans, causes massive economic losses in the pompano, Trachinotus ovatus, mariculture industries. Considering the many advantages of phytochemicals, such as low cost, low residuals, and low pollution, they can be a good alternative for the prevention and control of C. irritans infestations. In this study, 14 phytochemicals were evaluated for their antiparasitic activity against the theront of C. irritans, and nine showed significant antiparasitic activity. Nerolidol was the most promising compound, causing 100% mortality of theronts with 30‐min exposure at a concentration of 10.0 μl/L. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of nerolidol on C. irritans theronts, protomonts, and tomonts were 2.1, 13.3, and 7.1 μl/L, respectively. Abnormal morphologies of the theronts, trophonts, and tomonts were observed after exposure to 10.0, 30.0, and 10.0 μl/L nerolidol solution for 15 min, 30 min, and 480 min, respectively. A diet supplemented with 2.3 ml/kg of nerolidol reduced the number of trophonts on the gills of pompano by 95.7% decrease compared with the control groups and the theront chemotaxis to pompano mucus and sera, while increased the survival rate of infected pompanos by 24.44%, and had no significant effect on pompano hindgut and serum myeloperoxidase. These results suggest that nerolidol is a new potential drug for controlling fish cryptocaryonosis.
The diversity of rhizospheric bacterial communities associated with Trichoderma-treated rice fields
Authors: Abdullah N.S. , Doni F. , Chua K.O. , Mispan M.S. , Saiman M.Z. , Mohd Yusuf Y. , Mohd Suhaimi N.S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Microbial-based fertilizer has been widely used as a healthier and better alternative to agrochemical products. However, the effects of biofertilizers on the rhizospheric microbiota has rarely been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of symbiotic fungus Trichoderma asperellum SL2-based inoculant on the soil bacterial population through next generation sequencing using a metabarcoding approach. The treatment plots were treated with T. asperellum SL2 spore suspension, while the control plots were treated with sterilized distilled water. The results showed similar bacterial microbiome profiles in the soil of control and T. asperellum SL2-treated plots. In conclusion, the application of the T. asperellum SL2 inoculant had not exerted a negative impact towards the bacterial population as similar observation was reflected in control plots. Nonetheless, future research should be conducted to investigate the effects of repeated application of T. asperellum SL2 over a longer period on the rice microbiota communities.
Immunology of hepatitis D virus infection: General concepts and present evidence
Authors: Hoblos Reem , Kefalakes Helenie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInfection with the hepatitis D virus induces the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis, affecting over 12 million people worldwide. Chronic HDV infection leads to rapid development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in ~70% of patients within 15 years of infection. Recent evidence suggests that an interplay of different components of the immune system are contributing to viral control and may even be implicated in liver disease pathogenesis. This review will describe general concepts of antiviral immune response and elicit the present evidence concerning the interplay of the hepatitis D virus with the immune system.
Clinical impact of posterior wall isolation in catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Gao Xiaofei , Chen Lian , Shen Lishui , Liu Meijun , Xu Yizhou 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical outcomes of pulmonary venous isolation alone for persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF) remain unclear. Adjuvant posterior wall isolation (PWI) has become a potential supplementary strategy for improving the outcome of PerAF ablation. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of PWI added to catheter ablation for PerAF.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing the outcomes of PerAF ablation with and without PWI. The efficacy outcomes were recurrence of atrial arrhythmia (AA), atrial fibrillation (AF), and atrial tachycardia (AT), and the safety outcome was adverse events.ResultsIn total, eight studies with 1428 patients were included in the pooled analyses. The results showed that PWI significantly reduced the recurrence of AA (RR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.55–0.87, p = .002, I2 = 63%) and AF (RR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.40–0.80, p = .001, I2 = 70%). AT recurrence (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.67–1.27, p = .63, I2 = 42%) and adverse events (RR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.67–1.84, p = .70, I2 = 0%) were comparable between the two groups. In the sub‐analyses, the efficacy of PWI in reducing AA recurrence was consistent in patients who underwent cryoablation or debulking ablation.ConclusionPWI effectively decreased AA recurrence after PerAF ablation without increasing the risk of AT or procedure‐related complications. However, more randomized studies are needed to confirm these results.
A novel method for non‐invasive blood pressure estimation based on continuous pulse transit time: An observational study
Authors: Shin Hangsik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnlike traditional pulse transit time (PTT), continuous PTT (CPTT) can be used to calculate PTT from all samples within the cardiac cycle. It has the potential to be utilized for continuous blood pressure (BP) estimation. This study evaluated the feasibility of CPTT as a non‐invasive consecutive blood pressure estimation method in 20 volunteers. The CPTT was calculated with a time delay in all discrete samples of photoplethysmograms measured at two different body sites. BP was then calculated with a regression equation. For comparative evaluation, BP based on PTT was also estimated. Continuous blood pressure was measured using a non‐invasive volume clamp BP monitoring device. Four types of BP measurement, systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP), were estimated using PTT and CPTT. Correlation coefficients and root‐mean‐squared‐error (RMSE) were used for evaluating BP estimation performance. For estimating SBP, DBP, PP, and MAP, PTT‐based BP estimation showed correlations of .407, .373, .410, and .286, respectively, and CPTT‐based BP estimation showed correlations of .436, .446, .506, and .097, respectively. With PTT‐based estimation, the RMSE between the estimated BP and the baseline BP was 5.44 ± 1.56 mmHg for SBP, 3.14 ± 0.46 mmHg for DBP, 3.66 ± 0.70 mmHg for MAP, and 3.73 ± 1.31 mmHg for PP. The estimated BP using CPTT showed RMSE of 5.36 ± 1.39 mmHg for SBP, 3.02 ± 0.49 mmHg for SBP, 3.44 ± 0.63 mmHg for MAP, and 3.91 ± 1.41 mmHg for PP.
International legal requirements for environmental and socio‐cultural assessments for large‐scale industrial fisheries
Authors: Nakamura Julia , Diz Daniela , Morgera Elisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article seeks to clarify the extent of international legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and strategic environmental assessments (SEAs) for large‐scale industrial fisheries, including whether these requirements entail the assessments of potential social and cultural impacts of the sector's activities. We discuss the current practices of impact assessments more generally and explain the potential and actual environmental and social impacts caused by large‐scale industrial fisheries. Based on this analysis, we revisit the international legal foundations for a duty to carry out EIAs, arguing that such a duty applies to large‐scale industrial fisheries. We also argue that EIAs for large‐scale industrial fisheries, as well as SEAs for related policies and programmes, should integrate the assessment of social and cultural impacts, based on a mutually supportive interpretation of international law regimes dedicated to the sea, fisheries, biodiversity and human rights.
Clinical shadowing experience PIF rubric
Authors: Owens Jordana B. , Tucker Jennifer E. , Pearson William G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a tool for documenting professional identity formation (PIF) among preclinical medical students, via reflective writings (RWs) about their clinical shadowing experiences.ApproachTo address our key questions, stakeholders conducted comprehensive literature analysis, and the authors developed an analytic rubric through an iterative immersion/crystallisation process.EvaluationRubric iterations were empirically tested, assessed for interrater reliability, refined and then applied in successive development phases to medical student RW narratives. Twenty‐nine first‐year RWs on their shadowing experiences were included for this developmental evaluation.ImplicationsThe clinical shadowing experience PIF rubric is a theory‐informed analytic tool that demonstrates feasibility of measuring PIF in preclinical medical students' RWs. Reliable use of this tool currently requires a team approach that could be improved by machine learning.
Mechanisms governing codon usage bias and the implications for protein expression in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Fages‐Lartaud Maxime , Hundvin Kristoffer , Hohmann‐Marriott Martin Frank 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYChloroplasts possess a considerably reduced genome that is decoded via an almost minimal set of tRNAs. These features make an excellent platform for gaining insights into fundamental mechanisms that govern protein expression. Here, we present a comprehensive and revised perspective of the mechanisms that drive codon selection in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the functional consequences for protein expression. In order to extract this information, we applied several codon usage descriptors to genes with different expression levels. We show that highly expressed genes strongly favor translationally optimal codons, while genes with lower functional importance are rather affected by directional mutational bias. We demonstrate that codon optimality can be deduced from codon–anticodon pairing affinity and, for a small number of amino acids (leucine, arginine, serine, and isoleucine), tRNA concentrations. Finally, we review, analyze, and expand on the impact of codon usage on protein yield, secondary structures of mRNA, translation initiation and termination, and amino acid composition of proteins, as well as cotranslational protein folding. The comprehensive analysis of codon choice provides crucial insights into heterologous gene expression in the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii, which may also be applicable to other chloroplast‐containing organisms and bacteria.
Systematic Variation of Friction of Rods
Authors: Ibrahim Khalil Md , Tong Dezhong , Wang Guanjin , Khalid Jawed Mohammad , Khoda Bashir 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The mechanical response of a knot tied in elastic rods strongly depends on the frictional force due to rod–rod contact. The behavior of a knot can be qualitatively different based on the frictional coefficient of the elastic rod. Systematic variation of friction during rod–rod contact is a crucial component of any experimental design to uncover the underlying ingredients behind the mechanics of knots. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel process of controlling the friction of a continuous rod by adhering non-spherical inorganic micro-particles. Polymeric binder is used to deliver the particles as asperities over the rod substrate and by controlling their size and distribution the coefficient of friction of the rod is determined. In parallel, numerical simulations with the discrete elastic rods algorithm are used to reproduce the experimental observations. Tabletop experiments are performed where overhand knots with a variety of unknotting numbers are pulled tight. The force–extension curve of these experiments shows that the proposed process can successfully tune the friction between rods.
Slip Characteristics in Cylindrical Roller Bearings. Part I: Influence of Cage Type on Rolling Set Slip
Authors: Dawoud Michael , Beitler Stephan , Schwarze Hubert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe slip behavior of four cage types was studied for an NU215 cylindrical roller bearing under radial forces lower than the minimum recommended by the manufacturer by performing force, speed, and oil flow ramp tests. In comparison, a specially designed full complement bearing was also tested as an alternative to the caged bearing variant. All the tested bearings started to operate slip-free at higher forces than those recommended by the bearing manufacturers. In addition to that, the increase in oil flowrate or rotational speed would increase the set slip under insufficient radial forces. Single-part outer-ring-guided brass cage experienced lower slip than its two-part equivalent while roller guidance possessed the least slip tendency among the tested cages. The polyamide cage offered the lightest weight reduction at the expense of a higher slip, whereas the full complement bearings also offer higher load-carrying capacity at the expense of higher slip.