bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Une entreprise singulière
Authors: Verger Jacques 
Published: June 2022

Heinrich Denifle et Franz Ehrle, contemporains et amis, ont lancé en 1885 la série de l’Archiv für Literatur- und Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters, dont 7 volumes, de plus de 600 pages chacun, publiés à Berlin puis à Fribourg en Brisgau, ont paru entre 1885 et 1900. Denifle et Ehrle étaient en fait les seuls contributeurs de ces volumes qui leur permettaient de publier rapidement et sans contrainte les résultats de leurs travaux en cours. Ils n’ont cependant écrit aucun article en commun. Le volume 7 (1900) est l’œuvre du seul Ehrle. Les deux auteurs ont fait dans cette série une grande place à l’édition de manuscrits inédits, souvent tirés de la Bibliothèque ou des Archives du Vatican. On retrouve dans leurs contributions le témoignage de leurs intérêts scientifiques majeurs. Les articles de Denifle sont cependant dans l’ensemble plus courts et portent sur des sujets plus variés. Ceux de Ehrle, longs et très documentés, sont au contraire fortement centrés autour de quatre thèmes essentiels: l’histoire de la scolastique, l’histoire de la Bibliothèque pontificale, l’histoire de l’ordre franciscain et de ses courants dissidents (Spirituels et Fraticelles), l’histoire du dernier pape d’Avignon Pedro de Luna/Benoît XIII et de la fin du Grand Schisme.
Heinrich Denifle and Franz Ehrle, contemporaries and friends, founded the review Archiv für Literatur- und Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters in 1885. Seven great volumes were published, each with more than 600 pages between 1885 and 1900, first at Berlin, later on in Freiburg im Breisgau. Because Denifle and Ehrle were the sole authors of these volumes of the review, they were able to publish their findings quickly and without limitation. However, they did not publish a common contribution. The seventh volume published in 1900 is, in fact, exclusively the work of Ehrle. The two scholars dedicated much of review to the publication of previously unpublished texts, often from the Vatican Library and the Vatican Archives. The contributions reflect their particular scientific interests. Denifle’s articles are shorter in extent and deal with a greater variety of themes. The contributions of Ehrle, often longer and closely related to sources, refer to the following main themes: the history of scholasticism, the history of the pontifical library, the history of the Franciscan order and its dissident movements (Spirituals and Fraticelli), the history of the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII (Pedro de Luna), and the end of the Great Western Schism.
Franz Ehrle et la philosophie scolastique
Authors: Mandrella Isabelle 
Published: June 2022

Franz Ehrle compte parmi les grands pionniers de l’histoire de la philosophie médiévale. Il suit le concept d’une philosophie aristotelico-chrétienne perfectionnée par Thomas d’Aquin, telle qu’elle a été présentée dans l’Encyclique Aeterni Patris. Mais cela ne l’empêcha pas de développer ses propres idées concernant l’importance de l’étude des manuscrits médiévaux afin d’obtenir une vue d’ensemble de la philosophie scolastique. Ehrle fit donc remarquer que la philosophie scolastique n’est pas uniformément aristotélicienne, mais repose plutôt sur plusieurs traditions dont l’augustinisme est la plus puissante. Lui-même a cependant méconnu l’intérêt de la scolastique tardive du XIVe siècle.
Franz Ehrle counts among the great pioneers of the history of medieval philosophy. He follows the concept of an Aristotelian and christian philosophy – two characteristics that Thomas Aquinas brought to perfection – as it is shown in the encyclical Aeterni Patris. But at the same time he develops his own ideas about the fundamental role of the study of manuscripts in order to deepen the knowledge of scholastic philosophy. Thus he shows that medieval philosophy is not solely aristotelian but rather based on many traditions, so for example on augustinism which plays a significant role. He nevertheless underestimated the interest of the late scholastic of the XIVth century.
IM Banne der „franziskanischen Frage“
Authors: Heimann Heinz-Dieter 
Published: June 2022

Eingebettet in den Wandel der römischen Kirche und die Ansprüche der Geschichtswissenschaft in der „Krise der Moderne“ meint die „franziskanische Frage“ seit dem 19. Jahrhundert den Nationen und Konfessionen übergreifenden Diskurs über die quellenangemessene Deutung des Franziskusbildes. Im späten 19. Jahrhundert führte dies zu einem Aufschwung in der quellenkritischen Franziskusforschung unter Historikern und Ordensleuten. Der Beitrag analysiert dazu erstmals die Arbeiten Franz Ehrles zur franziskanischen Geschichte, die zwischen 1878 und 1892 in der „Zeitschrift für Theologie“ und im „Archiv für Literatur- und Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters“ erschienen. Ehrle leitete die Quellenanalyse philosophischer Texte, die ihn zur Auseinandersetzung mit der Deutung des Franziskusbildes des evangelischen Kirchenhistorikers Karl Müller (1885) führten. Im Bann der „franziskanischen Frage“ und früher als Walter Goetz (1904) trug er zur Verwissenschaftlichung der Ordensgeschichtsschreibung bei.
The phrase ‘the Franciscan Question’ refers to an attempt from the nineteenth century onwards to discover the ‘real’ of St Francis of Assisi by using historical analysis to distinguish the Francis of history from the image of him revered by various nations and confessions. This appeal to the sources and acknowledgement of historical sciences marked a shift in the attitude of the Roman Church and reveals something of the « crisis of the modern age ». In the latter part of the nineteenth century, this led to an upsurge in research on Francis based on critical analysis of the sources, among the historians and the members of the religious orders. The present contribution analyses for the first time the works of Franz Ehrle on the Franciscan history being published from 1878 to 1892 in the Zeitschrift für Theologie and in the Archiv für Literatur- und Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters. Ehrle was moved by the analysis of the sources of philosophical texts which drove him to address the interpretation of the picture of Saint Francis by the historian of the Church, Karl Müller (1885), a protestant. His fascination for the “Franciscan question” led him to make a considerable contribution to the scientific approach to the historiography of the order, which predated the work of Walter Goez (1904).
Franz Ehrle e la storia delle università italiane
Authors: Frova Carla 
Published: June 2022

Nella produzione scientifica di Franz Ehrle, l’edizione degli statuti della facoltà di teologia di Bologna è l’unico contributo specifico alla storia delle università medievali, tema che vide impegnato ben più ampiamente il suo amico e compagno di lavoro Heinrich Denifle. Nel preparare l’edizione, progettata fin dal 1914, ma pubblicata solo nel 1932, il dotto gesuita si giovò di una rete di scambi intellettuali che ben rappresenta il profilo della cultura storiografica italiana dell’epoca: ebbe infatti come punti di riferimento da un lato l’ambiente nobilmente provinciale degli storici bolognesi cultori delle memorie dell’Alma Mater studiorum, dall’altro quello internazionale degli studiosi che a Roma facevano capo alla Biblioteca e all’Archivio Vaticani, e agli Istituti storici stranieri. Il materiale edito da Ehrle comprende non solo gli statuti e i documenti pontifici per la facoltà bolognese, ma anche l’elenco dei teologi che ottennero il magistero e furono incorporati nel Collegio dal 1360 al 1500. Una documentazione di interesse principalmente storico-istituzionale, che Ehrle, storico della scolastica, affronta tuttavia spinto anzitutto dal desiderio di ricostruire il contesto nel quale si elaborò e si trasmise il pensiero teologico nel Trecento e nel Quattrocento. Da questo punto di vista la sua impresa ha avuto, con poche eccezioni, un’eco limitata presso gli studiosi italiani, che pure da più di ottant’anni continuano a ricorrere alla sua edizione per leggere il testo degli statuti e conoscere i nomi dei teologi bolognesi del tardo medioevo.
The only direct contribution of Franz Ehrle to his friend Heinrich Denifle’s history of the medieval universities was his edition of the statutes of the theology faculty of Bologna, founded in the 14th century. The Jesuit published this edition in 1932, as a result of exchanges with Bolognese university experts and Austrian librarians with knowledge of the manuscript conserved in the library of the University of Vienna. He edited not only the most ancient statutes of the theological faculty, but published also, in their entirety, the sources which refer to the foundation and its continued history to the year 1500. Ehrle’s interest in the faculty’s history was driven by his desire to understand medieval conditions and methods of teaching theology rather than the mere history of institutions. Scholasticism was his main interest. Ehrle’s work was well received and much used. It failed, however, to this day to arouse any real interest in the history of theological teaching, a subject too often seen by Italian historians as marginal, having been monopolised in both medieval and modern times by the religious orders.
Franz Ehrle historien du grand schisme
Authors: Millet Hélène 
Published: June 2022

L’œuvre de Franz Ehrle en tant qu’historien du Grand Schisme est considérable : deux livres et huit très gros articles, tous consacrés à l’édition de textes inédits. Elle porte entièrement ou presque sur la période 1394-1410, qu’il considérait comme essentielle pour la compréhension du XVe siècle, et sur les relations de la France et des papes avignonnais. Sa méthode est celle d’un érudit et ses explications sont destinées aux spécialistes. Nombreux sont les chercheurs qui ont travaillé dans son sillage, soit pour étudier les dossiers dont proviennent beaucoup des textes qu’il a édités, soit pour rééditer les principaux, soit pour développer un problème historique dont il avait signalé l’intérêt. Ehrle n’a que rarement appréhendé le schisme dans son ensemble, sauf dans une production nécessitant la plus grande concision. Il est en effet l’auteur d’une version rectifiée de la liste des papes traditionnelle, telle que développée sur les murs de la basilique Saint-Paul-hors-les-Murs, parue en 1904-1905, puis vraisemblablement censurée, reprise enfin, mais pas à l’identique, dans l’Annuario Pontificio de 1947.
Franz Ehrle’s historical work on the Great Western Schism is considerable. It is made up of two books and eight extensive essays, all referring to an edition of unpublished texts, dealing nigh exclusively with the period 1394-1410, which the Jesuit saw as being the key to a proper understanding of the 15th century and the relations between France and the Avignon popes. Ehrle’s preferred method is scholarly and his explanations are addressed to persons with specialist knowledge. Many research scientists have followed in his footsteps, by either examining the many texts which he edited, getting to grips again with the sources, or else by trying to shed new light on the historical question to which he had given such attention. Ehrle paid little attention to the Great Western Schism as a whole, since the quantity of sources and documents which were his particular interest obliged him to be as concise as possible. He corrected the traditional list of the popes which was fixed to the walls of the Roman Basilica of St Paul’s outside the Walls. His version was published 1904-1905, very probably censored. It was again published in the Annuario Pontificio of 1947, but not exactly in its original order.
Franz Ehrle sj und die Armenfürsorge
Authors: Sohn-Kronthaler Michaela 
Published: June 2022

Der Beitrag wendet sich mehreren Studien Franz Ehrles zur Geschichte der Armenfürsorge zu, darunter der wichtigsten in Form einer 1881 erschienenen Monographie. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie diese Veröffentlichung in den Diskurs der sozialen Frage im 19. Jahrhundert einzuordnen und als eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Antwort auf das Werk des deutschen Nationalökonomen und Journalisten Arwed Karl Bernhard Emminghaus (1831-1916) mit dem Titel „Das Armenwesen und die Armengesetzgebung der europäischen Staaten“ (mit Beiträgen mehrerer Autoren) zu verstehen ist. Ehrle wandte sich gegen dessen vom Geist des Kulturkampfes geprägte Kritik an der kirchlichen Armenpflege, indem er sich auf Quellen aus biblischer Zeit, der Antike, dem Mittelalter und der Moderne stützte, verwies auf das jahrhundertelange erfolgreiche Wirken kirchlicher caritas und plädierte gemäß dem Subsidiaritätsprinzip für ein einträgliches Zusammenwirken von Staat und Kirche im Bereich der Armenfürsorge, ferner für den konfessionellen Frieden, um den Armen bestmöglich Hilfe zukommen zu lassen.
This contribution examines several studies of Franz Ehrle concerning the history of care for the poor, the most important being his monograph published in 1881. The article demonstrates how discussion of the ‘social question’ in the 19th century was the general context in which the publication was written, and how this work of Ehrle may be particularly understood as a scientifically-based response to “The wretch and the pour law of the European states” of the German economist and journalist Arwed Karl Bernhard Emminghaus (1831-1916) and several other authors. Ehrle rejects the trend of interpreting ecclesiastical care of the poor as part of a cultural struggle, but draws on the Bible, antiquity, the Middle ages and modernity to show its proper context. He illustrates how the ecclesiastical notion of caritas which proved so successful for centuries could also prove a good model of collaboration between Church and State, and between the various Christian denominations, bringing not only peace amongst these institutions but also the best possible help to the poor.
Stakeholders’ Perception on Auditors’ Role and Its Impact on Audit Expectation Gap with Special Reference to Licensed Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka
Authors: Prawanth S. , Perera K. H. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to understand the stakeholder perception on auditors’ role and its impact on audit expectation gap. Design/Methodology/Approach: A sample of 457 shareholders, employees, customers, and auditors from different licensed commercial banks were selected for the study using the convenience sampling method. Information collected through questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive analysis and Mann Whitney U test. Findings: The study revealed an audit expectation gap between auditors and the shareholders; the auditors and customers; and auditors and employees in the areas of audit responsibility, the usefulness of audited financial statements, audit education, and providing non-assurance services. However, this gap was not significant with regard to audit reliability among auditors and employees. Practical Implication: The main reason behind this gap is the lack of proper education and understanding of the audit standards and audit practices. This gap can be reduced by giving adequate knowledge and awareness of audits to the stakeholders and the users of financial statements in general. Limitations: The study considered the stakeholders of licensed commercial banks in Sri Lanka, whereas there are so many other financial institutions registered under the Central bank of Sri Lanka.
Banking Sector Development and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Wijesinghe M. D. J. W. , Dulanjani P. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: This study aims to explore the role of the banking sector in elevating the economic growth of Sri Lanka by identifying the short-run and long-run relationship between banking sector development and economic growth in Sri Lanka. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study uses annual data for the period 1960 to 2019 from World Bank's Global Financial Development Database and World Development Indicators. Odedokun's model, which assumes the causation between financial development to economic growth, is employed using the bound test within the ARDL framework. Findings: The estimated long-term parameter of the banking industry development indicator was found to be positively affected economic growth by supporting supply-led growth model. The estimations of the Error Correction Model provide a broad picture of the short-term relationship, and the results are highly consistent with the results of the long-term model. Granger Causality test found that the banking sector development granger cause to the GDP indicating a unilateral relationship. Originality: This study differs from the existing studies, which focus on the neoclassical one-sector aggregate production model. Financial development is input along with other real sector variables to identify the short-run and long-run relationship with the help of a newly developed econometric approach.
Isolation and identification of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> from raw chicken meat in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen
Authors: Almashhadany Dhary Alewy , Mayas Sara Mohammed , Ali Noor Lutphy 
Published: June 2022

Although Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial pathogens of human, its natural reservoirs are still unclear. There is an increasing number of reports that document the occurrence of H. pylori in various foods. This study aimed at isolation of H. pylori from chicken meat sampled. Two hundred and sixty samples were collected randomly from slaughterhouses and markets in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen. Samples were enriched in Brain-Heart Infusion broth in microaerophilic conditions before inoculating the Camp-Blood agar and EYE agar plates. Results showed that 13.8% of samples were contaminated evidenced by H. pylori growth via traditional culture method on agar media. No significant differences between sample types (thighs and breast muscles) (p=0.353) or the sampling source (p=0.816) were observed. Autumn season was associated with increased occurrence of H. pylori. The source of H. pylori in food is still not identified. Proper cooking and good sanitation practices are highly recommended to avoid the infection. Further studies addressing the potential sources of H. pylori are highly suggested.
Collegiate Athletic Trainers' Experiences Implementing Return-to-Sport Policies and Procedures During COVID-19: A Qualitative Research Study
Authors: Root Hayley J. , Abdenour Thomas E. , Eason Christianne M. , DiSanti Justin S. , Post Eric G. 
Published: June 2022

Context
Athletic trainers (ATs) were critical personnel in the development of policies and procedures for the safe return to campus and resumption of sport during the 2020–2021 academic year. Policies focused on preventing the potential spread of COVID-19, as well as screening, testing, and management of cases; however, which aspects of implementation were successful or more challenging was unknown.

Objective
To identify successes and challenges in the implementation of return-to-sport policies and procedures during the 2020–2021 academic year amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I, II, and III.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 27 ATs (9 women [33.3%], mean age = 48.5 ± 9.8 years, years of experience = 25.0 ± 10.5) who were in positions of leadership or who were actively involved in developing and then implementing COVID-19 return-to-sport policies and procedures completed Zoom interviews.

Data Collection and Analysis
Semistructured Zoom interviews were audio and video recorded and later transcribed. The data were analyzed by a team of 4 experienced researchers using the consensual qualitative research approach. Field notes, intercoder reliability, and multiple-analyst triangulation were used to establish data credibility.

Results
Emerging themes were implementation of public health interventions, interprofessional collaboration, and advancing the profession of athletic training. Participants described establishing and strengthening collaborations with other health care professionals as well as key stakeholders on campus as a positive outcome of the pandemic, but variations in policies among institutions and states made policy communication and enforcement more challenging.

Conclusions
The ATs played a pivotal role in policy development, communication, and enforcement. Overall, participants took pride in serving as health care leaders for their universities and opening the eyes of colleagues to the breadth of their athletic training skill sets.
Perry Syndrome with a Novel Mutation and a Rare Presentation
Authors: Krishnan Pramod , Sarma Gosala R. K. , Murgod Uday , Srinivas Murali , Roy Ajit K. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To characterize the first patient of Perry syndrome reported from India.

Methods:
A 62-year-old gentleman presented with acute encephalopathy, hypercapnia, central hypoventilation, and seizures. He required ventilatory support for persistent respiratory failure even after the resolution of the encephalopathy. History revealed symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, episodes of shallow breathing, unsteadiness of gait, anxiety and depression, and significant weight loss for the previous two years. His mother and elder brother had succumbed to a similar illness. Investigations for neuromuscular diseases, including myasthenia and Pompes disease, were negative. Genetic tests for muscular dystrophies and myopathies, investigations for infectious, autoimmune, and para-neoplastic diseases were negative. Neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies were unremarkable. During his hospital stay, he developed rigidity and bradykinesia.

Results:
In view of the prominent respiratory failure, Parkinsonism, unexplained weight loss, and family history, he was tested for Perry syndrome. A heterozygous missense variation in Exon 2 of the DCTN1 gene that results in the substitution of Proline for Alanine at codon 45 (pA45P) was detected. This variant was not detected in his clinically unaffected brother. The clinical presentation and genetic test indicate Perry syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant fatal disease, which has never been reported from India. The patient improved with Levodopa and neurorehabilitation but eventually succumbed to his illness three years later.

Conclusion:
Perry syndrome, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with a family history of Parkinsonism and central hypoventilation.