bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameter estimation in fluid flow models from aliased velocity measurements
Authors: Garay Jeremías , Nolte David , Löcke Miriam , Bertoglio Cristóbal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Parameter estimation in blood flow models from measured velocity data—as e.g. velocity-encoded MRI—is a key step for patient-specific hemodynamic analysis. However, velocity encoding suffers from competing noise and aliasing artifacts, which negatively impact the parameter estimation results. The aim of this work is to propose a new inverse problem formulation capable of tackling aliased and noisy velocity MRI measurements in parameter estimation in flows. The formulation is based on a modification of the quadratic cost function for velocity measurements. This allows for a correct parameter estimation when they have influence on the whole measurement domain, in spite of aliasing artifacts. The new inverse problem can be solved numerically using any standard solver, and we show how a popular sequential approach can be applied. Numerical results in an aortic flow show robust parameter estimation for velocity encoding ranges until 30% of the maximal velocity of the problem, while the standard inverse problem fails already for any encoding velocity smaller than the true one. Moreover, the parameter estimation results are even improved for reduced velocity encoding ranges when using the new cost function. The presented approach allows therefore for great flexibility in personalization of blood flows models from MRI data commonly encountered in the clinical context.
Quantum confinement in chalcogenides 2D nanostructures from first principles
Authors: Das Tilak , Di Liberto Giovanni , Pacchioni Gianfranco 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We investigated the impact of quantum confinement on the band gap of chalcogenides 2D nanostructures by means of density functional theory. We studied six different systems: MoS2, WS2, SnS2, GaS, InSe, and HfS2 and we simulated nanosheets of increasing thickness, ranging from ultrathin films to ∼10–13 nm thick slabs, a size where the properties converge to the bulk. In some cases, the convergence of the band gap with slab thickness is rather slow, and sizeable deviations from the bulk value are still present with few nm-thick sheets. The results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data, finding a quantitative agreement. The impact of quantum confinement can be rationalized in terms of effective masses of electrons and holes and system’s size. These results show the possibility of reliably describing quantum confinement effects on systems for which experimental data are not available.
Improved compact model extraction of statistical variability in 5 nm nanosheet transistors and applied to SRAM simulations
Authors: Li Ruihan , Luo Haowen , Wang Yichen , Yuan Zhengwu , Asenov Asen , Miao Xiangshui , Wang Xingsheng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we look at how artificial neural networks (ANNs) may be used to improve compact model extraction of statistical variability in 5 nm nanosheet transistors (NSTs) and how it can be applied to 6NST-static random access memory (SRAM) simulations. To begin, both the TCAD simulation platform and compact model of 3D n-type and p-type NST have been rigorously validated against the experimental data. The transfer characteristics curves of 1104 NST samples generated by metal gate granularity, random discrete dopants and line edge roughness are used to extract the important figures of merit (FoM) including ON-current (I
ON), OFF-current (I
OFF), threshold voltage (V
TH) and subthreshold slope. Meanwhile, we can collect the main compact model parameters of these NST samples using our automatic extraction technique. Furthermore, a multi-layer ANN engine is trained to anticipate the important compact model parameters by entering FoMs, which significantly speeds up the automatic extraction. When we compare the prediction results to the genuine values, we discover that their correlation coefficients are all larger than 0.99. Finally, we simulated the 6NST-SRAM circuit and obtained its stability variation, with the help of extracted NST variability by the aforementioned speedup techniques.
Inducing spin-order with an impurity: phase diagram of the magnetic Bose polaron
Authors: Mistakidis S I , Koutentakis G M , Grusdt F , Schmelcher P , Sadeghpour H R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We investigate the formation of magnetic Bose polaron, an impurity atom dressed by spin-wave excitations, in a one-dimensional spinor Bose gas. Within an effective potential model, the impurity is strongly confined by the host excitations which can even overcome the impurity-medium repulsion leading to a self-localized quasi-particle state. The phase diagram of the attractive and self-bound repulsive magnetic polaron, repulsive non-magnetic (Fröhlich-type) polaron and impurity-medium phase-separation regimes is explored with respect to the Rabi-coupling between the spin components, spin–spin interactions and impurity-medium coupling. The residue of such magnetic polarons decreases substantially in both strong attractive and repulsive branches with strong impurity-spin interactions, illustrating significant dressing of the impurity. The impurity can be used to probe and maneuver the spin polarization of the magnetic medium while suppressing ferromagnetic spin–spin correlations. It is shown that mean-field theory fails as the spinor gas approaches immiscibility since the generated spin-wave excitations are prominent. Our findings illustrate that impurities can be utilized to generate controllable spin–spin correlations and magnetic polaron states which can be realized with current cold atom setups.
Comment on ‘Egypt’s water budget deficit and suggested mitigation policies for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam filling scenarios’
Authors: Eladawy Ahmed , Asefa Tirusew , El Nour Saker 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) filling and operation is a highly sensitive issue for Egypt and Sudan. A recently accepted manuscript by Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022) assessed the water deficit for Egypt based on different scenarios for the first filling of GERD lake and estimated 31 billion cubic meters per year under a 3 year filling scenario. We would like to present grossly mischaracterized assumptions, inaccurate data, and controversial conclusions found in this accepted manuscript through this rebuttal. Although the accepted manuscript does not include any new analysis of the River Nile Hydrology, the results of previous substantive studies were misinterpreted or ignored. Moreover, we have serious concerns about the basic hydrological assumptions that are the basis for the economic impacts and the potential loss of the Egyptian agricultural lands. The main methodological flaws of concerns are (a) how the deficit is calculated, losses from GERD, especially the evaporation losses that contradicts several previous studies (e.g. Wheeler et al 2016 Water Int.
41 611–34; Eldardiry and Hossain 2020 J. Hydrol. 125708; Wheeler et al 2020 Nat. Commun.
11 1–9); (b) neglecting the normal role of High Aswan Dam (HAD) reservoir and directly linking the deficit of the water budget to an immediate loss of agricultural lands with all other associated exaggerated economic impacts estimates; (c) including highly exaggerated seepage losses from the GERD lake; (d) neglecting the updated situation of Aswan High Dam reservoir levels and the GERD’s infrastructure itself, and (e) quantifying the impacts of potential changes of water level on HAD reservoir on the Nubian aquifer. We herein present a direct fact-checking approach including the studies cited in the accepted manuscript. We believe that this critical comment paper can serve as a basis for defending scientific integrity and contributes to cooperation and peace in the region.
Combined impact of the cold vortex and atmospheric blocking on cold outbreaks over East Asia and the potential for short-range prediction of such occurrences
Authors: Zhuo Wenqin , Yao Yao , Luo Dehai , Simmonds Ian , Huang Fei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study explores the consequences of independent and combined effects of blockings on the northeast Asian cold vortex (NACV), and corresponding cold outbreaks over East Asia (EA) during boreal winters of 1979–2019. The results show that the development of NACV is closely associated with blocking over the Ural Mountains (UB) upstream and eastern Siberia to mid-North Pacific (SPB) downstream. Here we focus on the initial periods before the peak day of NACV events. It is found that the strong NACV events are usually induced by the initial-UB situation, leading to the greatest temperature drop in EA. While the weak NACV events may be associated with the initial-SPB condition, which can bring less dramatic outbreaks but longer duration, owing to the Ural ridge that formed by the westward shift of SPB. Furthermore, an SPB-UB relay effect is discovered against the background of a negative Arctic Oscillation pattern. In such cases, UB is formed by the westward shift of downstream SPB after the occurrence of NACV, forming a relay effect that motivates the second NACV process, hence prolonging the duration of cold anomalies in EA. These findings highlight the importance of the combined effect of blockings and NACV in the intraseasonal time scale. Compared to the ‘Initial-UB’ and ‘Initial-SPB’ situation, this ‘SPB-UB relay’ scenario can produce longer-lasting cold extreme in EA, which may be indicative of the short-term weather forecasting of such extreme cold weather.
Minimizing couplings in renormalization by preserving short-range mutual information
Authors: Bertoni Christian , Renes Joseph M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The connections between renormalization in statistical mechanics and information theory are intuitively evident, but a satisfactory theoretical treatment remains elusive. We show that the real space renormalization map that minimizes long range couplings in the renormalized Hamiltonian is, somewhat counterintuitively, the one that minimizes the loss of short-range mutual information between a block and its boundary. Moreover, we show that a previously proposed minimization focusing on preserving long-range mutual information is a relaxation of this approach, which indicates that the aims of preserving long-range physics and eliminating short-range couplings are related in a nontrivial way.
Non-invasive diagnostics of pathogenic bacteria using a breath sampler in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: van Aerde Koen J , Leegstraten Aniek , van den Kieboom Corné H , Merkus Peter , Sintnicolaas Coosje , Simons Sami O , van der Flier Michiel , de Groot Ronald , de Jonge Marien I 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common autosomal recessive disease causing thick, viscous secretions leading to pulmonary infections with pathogenic bacteria. As part of routine patient care, colonization and infection with these bacteria is monitored with cough swab or sputum cultures and sometimes bronchoalveolar lavage. In this cross-sectional proof-of-concept study in a cohort of CF patients we collected swabs or sputa and exhaled breath samples with the modular breath sampler (MBS), a newly developed two-way non-rebreathing sampling device. Pathogen specific polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were performed on the MBS samples and compared with the results obtained with conventional diagnostics (i.e. culturing of swabs and sputa). A control group of stable asthma patients was used as negative control for the MBS measurements. The pathogens detected using MBS and conventional culturing differed: S. aureus was found more often in swab or sputum samples whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. pneumoniae were found more often in MBS samples. We hypothesize that this is due to sampling of different compartments, MBS samples are derived from the lower respiratory tract while cultures from cough swabs and sputa are dominated by pathogens residing in the upper respiratory tract. Another important difference is the readout, i.e. culture versus PCR. The majority of CF patients in whom P. aeruginosa was found did not have recent positive cultures suggesting higher sensitivity of MBS-based than conventional diagnostics. The majority of parents/patients found the MBS easy to use and less of a burden than respiratory sampling.
Correlation between blood ketones and exhaled acetone measured with a semiconducting gas sensor
Authors: Tsunemi Shingo , Nakamura Yuta , Yokota Kenichi , Nakagawa Tomoko , Tsukiyama Hidekazu , Kubo Yui , Oyanagi Takeshi , Takemoto Ayaka , Nagai Yoshio , Tanaka Yasushi , Sone Masakatsu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Breath acetone (BrAce) has been reported to be useful for monitoring the pathophysiology of patients with diabetes. However, devices that measure BrAce are expensive, complex and uncommon. The FM-001, originally designed to monitor a marker of weight loss in healthy people, is a device for measuring BrAce. The FM-001 is a loading semiconducting gas sensor that is a simple and reusable device. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between blood total ketone bodies (TKB) and BrAce measured with the FM-001 in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, through evaluation of that correlation, we sought to detect patients at high risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Thirty-five participants (age 52 [40–57], T2DM 32, T1DM 3) were enrolled. Scatter plots and linear regression lines relating BrAce to TKB and the correlation coefficients were calculated. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the cut-off for predicting patients prone to DKA. The results showed that BrAce strongly correlates with TKB (R = 0.828), and the correlation was stronger in patients whose serum C-peptide was not low. The optimal BrAce cut-off for predicting risk of developing DKA was 3400 ppb (AUC 0.924, sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 100%), which corresponds to a TKB ⩾ 1000 µmol l−1. BrAce also weakly correlated with free fatty acid. Thus, BrAce levels measured with the FM-001 strongly correlate with TKB, even in patients with diabetes. This suggests the FM-001 is a simple and potentially useful method for detecting diabetic ketosis. (UMIN-ID: UMIN000038086)
An experimental investigation on enhancing the strength and stiffness of GFRP co-cured composite joint: effect of glass powder addition
Authors: Vijaya Rajan V , Gnanavel B K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Co-cure adhesive joints are preferred by various industries, namely, automobile, marine and aerospace, to join two surfaces in structural applications, as a useful replacement for mechanical fastenings. The present work focusses on the mechanical properties and free vibration behaviour of co-cured glass fiber compositesreinforced with glass powder. In the course of the experimentation, the adhesive is being reinforced concurrently with glass powder in four different weight percentages, such as 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. The mechanical testing results reveal that the addition of 1.5% of glass powder to the epoxy could relatively help in increasing the tensile strength and flexural strength of the co-cured glass fiber composites respectively to the degree of 11.68% (364.29 Mpa) and 24.75% (256.16 Mpa). The Single lap shear results show that the 0.5% glass powder reinforcement significantly increases the shear strength of the cocured glass fiber composites by 20.91% (19.31 Mpa). Furthermore, the free vibrational study of 1.5% co-cured composites shows that they have a higher fundamental natural frequency than the glass powder reinforced co-cured composites that have a lower weight percentage. Furthermore, the addition of glass powder to the co-cured composites helps in increasing the damping factor of the composites due to the glass powder agglomeration. Neat and glass powder reinforced co-cured samples are further analysed afterwards, using the mechanical and shear test by scanning electron microscopy.
Investigation of radial heat conduction with 1D self-consistent model in helicon plasmas
Authors: TIAN Bin , MERINO Mario , WAN Jie , HU Yuan , CAO Yong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A 1D radially self-consistent model in helicon plasmas has been established to investigate the influence of radial heat conduction on plasma transport and wave propagation. Two kinds of 1D radial fluid models, with and without considering heat conduction, have been developed to couple the 1D plasma–wave interaction model, and self-consistent solutions have been obtained. It is concluded that in the low magnetic field range the radial heat conduction plays a moderate role in the transport of helicon plasmas and the importance depends on the application of the helicon source. It influences the local energy balance leading to enhancement of the electron temperature in the bulk region and a decrease in plasma density. The power deposition in the plasma is mainly balanced by collisional processes and axial diffusion, whereas it is compensated by heat conduction in the bulk region and consumed near the boundary. The role of radial heat conduction in the large magnetic field regime becomes negligible and the two fluid models show consistency. The local power balance, especially near the wall, is improved when conductive heat is taken into account.
A study of the influence of different grid structures on plasma characteristics in the discharge chamber of an ion thruster
Authors: SUN Mingming , LONG Jianfei , GUO Weilong , LIU Chao , ZHAO Yong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The grid structure has significant effects on the discharge characteristics of an ion thruster. The discharge performances of a 30 cm diameter ion thruster with flat, convex and concave grids are studied. The analysis results show that the discharge chamber with a convex grid has a larger ‘magnetic-field free area’ than the others, and the parallelism of the magnetic-field isopotential lines and anode is generally the same in the three models. Plasma densities of the three structures at the grid outlet are in the range of 3.1 × 1016–6.9 × 1017 m−3. Along the thruster axis direction, the electron temperature in the chamber with the convex and concave grids is in the range of 3.3–3.5 eV, while that with a flat grid is lower, in the range of 3.1–3.5 eV. In addition, the convex and the concave grids have better uniform distribution of electron temperature. Moreover, the collision frequency ratios show that the axial degree of ionization of the three models is the highest, and the flat grid has the highest discharge efficiency, followed by the convex grid and the concave grid is the least efficient. The test and simulation results of the 30 cm diameter ion thruster with the convex grid show that the measurement and calculation results are 3.67 A and 3.44 A, respectively, and the error above mainly comes from the ignorance of the doubly charged ions and parameter settings in the model. The comparison error between the simulation and measurement of beam current density is mainly caused by the actual thermal deformation of the grids during the discharge process, which leads to the change in electric potential distribution and variation of the focusing characteristics of the grids. Upon consideration of discharge performance and the thermal grid gap variation, it can be concluded that the flat and concave grids are more suitable for small-diameter ion thrusters, while the convex grid is a more reasonable choice for the higher-power and larger-diameter thrusters.
Adapting a Persian Magic Realist Novel on Screen: The Case of Women Without Men
Authors: Zahedi Farshad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper will explore Shirin Neshat’s adaptation of Shahrnush Parsipur’s novel Women Without Men (1989). A primary focus will be on Neshat’s aesthetic choices related to the creation of space and the depiction of bodies and the extent to which they reflect her exilic condition. Another distinctive aspect to be explored concerns the dialectical relations in the film that visually depict gendered spaces inside homes and in public spaces. A related area here is the representation of an orchard as a heterotopian third space that gives shelter to wounded women. While both the novel and the film portray this orchard as a place of becoming, the film’s garden contains allegorical relations that portray it as a place of imaginary exile. Finally, the paper will argue that the portrayal of wounded female bodies is a political sign and a metaphor for women’s traumatic experiences of patriarchal culture.
Functional trade-offs in volume allocation to xylem cell types in 75 species from the Brazilian savanna Cerrado
Authors: Dória Larissa Chacon , Sonsin-Oliveira Julia , Rossi Sergio , Marcati Carmen Regina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsXylem is a crucial tissue for plant survival, performing the functions of water transport, mechanical support and storage. Functional trade-offs are a result of the different assemblages of xylem cell types within a certain wood volume. We assessed how the volume allocated to different xylem cell types can be associated with wood functional trade-offs (hydraulics, mechanical and storage) in species from the Cerrado, the Brazilian savanna. We also assessed the xylem anatomical characters linked to wood density across species.MethodsWe analysed cross-sections of branches collected from 75 woody species belonging to 42 angiosperm families from the Cerrado. We estimated the wood volume fraction allocated to different cell types and performed measurements of vessel diameter and wood density.Key ResultsThe largest volume of wood is allocated to fibres (0.47), followed by parenchyma (0.33) and vessels (0.20). Wood density is positively correlated to cell wall (fibre and vessel wall), and negatively to the fractions of fibre lumen and gelatinous fibres. We observed a trade-off between hydraulics (vessel diameter) and mechanics (cell wall fraction), and between mechanics and storage (parenchyma fraction). The expected positive functional relationships between hydraulics (vessel diameter) and water and carbohydrate storage (parenchyma and fibre lumen fractions) were not detected, though larger vessels are linked to a larger wood volume allocated to gelatinous fibres.ConclusionsWoody species from the Cerrado show evidence of functional trade-offs between water transport, mechanical support and storage. Gelatinous fibres might be potentially linked to water storage and release by their positive relationship to increased vessel diameter, thus replacing the functional role of parenchyma and fibre lumen cells. Species can profit from the increased mechanical strength under tension provided by the presence of gelatinous fibres, avoiding expensive investments in high wood density.