bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of pregnancy induced hypertension upon maternal risk during second and third trimester
Authors: Majeed Zainab Yaseen , Ibrahim Nuha Adel 
Published: June 2022

Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension was more common in Iraqi women, especially among young women. However, nothing is known regarding the negative effects of different gestational ages. As a result, the aims of this study was to investigate the impact of pregnancy-induced hypertension upon maternal risk during the second and third trimesters. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study design approach is conducted in AL-Diwaniyah City/ Iraq, by interrogating members of the study population, with the aim of describing the studied phenomenon. To conduct the study, a non-probability (purposive) sample of (72) they were monitored and evaluated during two periods (during second and third trimester). The instrument dependability was established through a pilot research, and it was subsequently presented to experts for validation. The information was collected through interview and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis. Results: Out of 72 participants aged 30-34 years from urban residents and housewife demonstrated that the impact of pregnancy induced hypertension in second trimester upon pregnant women were moderate as described by moderate mean and standard deviation 36.57 (±2.73). While, a moderate impact of pregnancy induced hypertension in third trimester at moderate mean and standard deviation 33.19 (±4.52).
A Look into ‘Market Manipulation’ With a Focus on Pump and Dump Schemes and Initial Considerations for Responding to a Regulatory Query
Authors: Sahu Ritankar 
Published: June 2022

Public confidence in the fairness of markets enhances their liquidity and efficiency. Market manipulation harms the integrity of securities and derivatives markets by distorting prices, and creates an artificial appearance of market activity. Market manipulation damages the interests of retail and institutional investors alike by disrupting the smooth functioning of financial markets. This leads to a lack of trust in the fairness of the capital markets, resulting in higher risk premiums and reduced investor participation. This article provides an analytical framework (covering the United States, Switzerland, Singapore and the United Kingdom) for understanding select market manipulation behaviour with a focus on pump and dump schemes; and how to craft a preliminary defence strategy when a query is received from a markets regulator. Some tools for combating crossborder fraud and misconduct that can weaken global markets and undermine investor confidence, have been discussed.
corporate governance, comparative law, shareholder primacy
Optimized Cauchy-Gaussian Blend Model for Stochastic-Parametric Simulation of Seismic Ground Motions
Authors: Sharbati R. , Amindavar Hamidreza , Ramazi H. R. , Foti S. , Farzanegan B. 
Published: June 2022

This article proposes a stochastic model for generation of synthetic seismic ground motions. In the first step, the wavelet coefficients of a record are extracted by the dual-tree complex discrete wavelet transform (DT-CDWT) and then they are simulated by an optimized Cauchy-Gaussian blend (CGB) model. This model predicts well the energy distribution of seismic ground motions, because in this model, the Gaussian distribution simulates smooth peaks and the Cauchy distribution is used to simulate impulsive peaks. Also, this model simulates several ascending-descending cycles in the time domain, predicts multiple frequency peaks each time, and simulates sequence-type records.
Gambaran Kepatuhan Anak Terhadap Protokol Kesehatan dalam Menjalankan Ibadah di Era Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Delima Alifia Ayu 
Published: June 2022

Tingkat penularan penyakit COVID-19 pada anak-anak di Indonesia tergolong cukup tinggi. Anak merupakan individu yang riskan dalam penularan COVID-19 karena belum terbentuknya kedewasaan berpikir mengenai bahaya penularan penyakit dan cenderung abai terhadap protokol kesehatan. Penularan COVID-19 di suatu area diawali dengan adanya imported-case, yakni penularan dari daerah lain melalui orang terinfeksi yang berkunjung ke daerah tersebut. Tempat ibadah menjadi sangat potensial untuk dikunjungi warga dari daerah luar kota, tidak terkecuali anak-anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan jumlah anak yang patuh dan tidak patuh dalam menggunakan masker, mencuci tangan, dan menjaga jarak di tempat ibadah selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 96 orang anak. Hasil pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 63,5% anak memakai masker, 38,5% anak mencuci tangan, dan 9,37% anak menjaga jarak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penerapan protokol kesehatan pada anak saat menjalankan ibadah masih sangat rendah, terutama jaga jarak atau physical distancing.
MEDIDA PROVISÓRIA 870/2019: AMEAÇA AOS DIREITOS TERRITORIAIS QUILOMBOLAS
Authors: Amorim Liliane Pereira de , Chehab Isabelle Maria Campos Vasconcelos 
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo assume como finalidade principal discorrer sobre a potencial ameaça urdida por intermédio da MP 870/2019 em relação aos direitos territoriais quilombolas. Sabe-se, que foram anos de luta do povo negro e quilombola por direito ao território, sendo este reconhecido como um direito constitucional somente na Constituição Federal de 1988, notadamente no art. 68 da ADCT- Atos das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórios. Assim, têm-se como objetivos: identificar como ocorreu a concentração de terras e a regularização fundiária no Brasil, bem como a regularização do direito territorial quilombola; analisar o texto da MP 870/2019 e seus reflexos na regularização fundiária quilombola e, por ultimo, observar que medidas como estas induzem a manutenção das estruturas dominantes de poder e o racismo. Para a construção desse artigo, utilizou-se de procedimento metodológico por meio de levantamento bibliográfico interdisciplinar e a legislação pertinente.
Mushroom Cultivation for Increasing Income and Sustainable Development of Small and Marginal Farmers
Authors: Chand Satish , Singh Bihari 
Published: June 2022

A mushroom is the fleshy and spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus and belongs to the class Basidiomycetes. Mushroom cultivation is a low-cost, high-return activity that has proven to be an additional source of income. Because the vegetarian population in our country's urban centers has adopted mushrooms in their diet due to their nutritious worth, mushroom producers in nearby rural areas have an excellent market for selling their products quickly and at a reasonable price. As a result, the mushroom benefits both producers and consumers, earning it the title of super food. Mushroom production can also be used to empower rural people, offer additional income for agricultural families, and address the issue of rural people's nutritional needs. Rural unemployed people are the most productive workforce in the economy, necessitating efforts to enhance and strengthen their socioeconomic condition. Mushroom farming all year can produce revenue from the sale of spawns as well as the sale of fresh mushrooms in a sustainable manner by using farm by-products as a raw material.
Comparative Study of Arjun Twak Lepa and Arjun Twak Kukkutand Pottali in Management of Vyanga with Special Reference to Melasma: An Update
Authors: Shelotkar Priyanka , Parwe Shweta , Borage Swapnil 
Published: June 2022

Background: Hyperpigmentation is a darkening of the skin caused by an excess of the pigment melanin in the skin. Healthy and glowing facial skin enhances a person's beauty and self-confidence. Vyanga is a Kshrudraroga with the facial features of Niruja (painless) and Shavavarna Mandalas (bluish-brownish patches). Melasma, a hyper pigmented disorder with similar clinical features, can be compared to it. When applied locally, whole raw egg/egg yolk alone or with herbs has shown to be very effective in tightening skin, improving complexion, and healing skin disorders. In the current study, an egg is combined with Arjun Twak Churna (Fine powder made of skin of Terminalia Arjun) in pottali (poultice) in the experimental group to improve Vyanga management. Aim of the study was to study Arjun Twak Kukkutand Pottali's effect on MASI (Melasma Area Severity Index). MASI of the patients was investigated, and the effects of Arjun Twak Kukkutand Pottali and Arjun Twak Lepa on MASI were compared.
Methodology: A total of 44 patients were enrolled in the study (22 in each group). Arjun Twak Lepa was given to the control group for local use for 21 days. Arjun Twak Kukkutand Pottali was provided for local application for 21 days in the experimental group. On the 0th and 21st days, the assessment was completed.
Results: Positive Changes were seen in eight subjective and objective parameters, out of ten. Conclusion: Arjun Twak Kukkutand Pottali performed better in reducing MSI (Melasma Severity Index).
Telephone contact with patients in the year after a suicide attempt: does it affect treatment attendance and outcome? A randomised controlled study
Authors: Cedereke M. , Monti K. , Öjehagen A. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAmbivalence to treatment and repeated suicidal behaviour are well-known problems in suicide attempters. A randomised controlled study was performed to investigate the influence of repeated telephone contacts on treatment attendance, repetition of suicidal behaviour and mental health the year after a suicide attempt.Subjects and methodsOne month after their suicide attempt 216 patients were randomised to either two telephone interventions in addition to treatment as usual, or no such intervention during the subsequent year. The interventions included motivational support to attend and/or to stay in treatment. At 1 month and again after 12 months the following measurements were used: GSI (SCL-90), GAF and SSI.ResultsAt follow-up treatment attendance was high and did not differ between the randomised groups. Among those with an initial treatment contact other than psychiatric, more patients in the intervention group had such contact at follow-up. The randomised groups did not differ in repetition of suicide attempts during follow-up or in improvement in GSI (SCL-90), GAF and SSI. In individuals with no initial treatment the intervention group improved more in certain psychological symptom dimensions (SCL-90).ConclusionsTelephone interventions seem to have an effect on patients who at their suicide attempt had other treatment than psychiatric and in those with no treatment.
Green Fluorescent Protein as a Real Time Quantitative Reporter of Heterologous Protein Production
Authors: Albano C. Renee , Randers‐Eichhorn Lisa , Bentley William E. , Rao Govind 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSince its cloning and commercial availability, applications of green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter gene have become prevalent in many aspects of science. The attributes of GFP could also be applied to the area of heterologous protein production. The work described here represents the first experiments to use GFP as a generic tool to monitor protein production in bioprocess development. We have constructed a plasmid containing an operon fusion of the two reporter genes GFP and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) . CAT served as a “model” recombinant protein product to demonstrate the in situ quantifiable reporting mechanism of GFP. Our results indicate there is a direct correlation between the fluorescence intensity of GFP and the functional activity of the downstream CAT protein. In addition, there is a quantitative relationship between the level of CAT protein concentration and GFP fluorescence. These experiments provide the groundwork for using GFP as an in situ reporter gene for scale‐up and process optimization of recombinant protein production.
Two‐step test: the combined use of fetal fibronectin and sonographic examination of the uterine cervix for prediction of preterm delivery in symptomatic patients
Authors: HINCZ PIOTR , WILCZYNSKI JAN , KOZARZEWSKI MAREK , SZAFLIK KRZYSZTOF 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. Our purpose was to assess the possibility of combined use of fetal fibronectin testing and sonographic examination of the uterine cervix for prediction of preterm deliveries.Methods. We prospectively evaluated 82 patients with preterm labor. In each case fibronectin testing and sonographic examination of the cervix were performed. The primary outcome measure was preterm delivery within 28 days.Results. Seventeen point one percent of the examined women delivered within 28 days. Among the analyzed sonographic parameters of the cervix only the functional canal length was significantly correlated with delivery (21.6±7.0 mm vs. 30.1±6.5 mm, p<0.001). Positive fetal fibronectin was found in 71.4% of patients delivered within 28 days and in 7.4% delivered after 28 days (p<0.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis only positive fibronectin testing (OR 11.25, p=0.005) and functional canal length ≤20 mm (OR 8.18, p=0.027) were independently associated with preterm delivery. We propose two‐step testing: begin with the sonographic assessment of the cervix with functional canal length ≤20 mm as a positive result and >31 mm as a negative one. The fibronectin testing should be performed only in patients with length 21–31 mm. Two step testing had overall sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 90%, positive predictive value of 63% and negative of 97% for predicting delivery within 28 days.Conclusions. The proposed combined use of the cervical sonography and fetal fibronectin testing is a practical diagnostic tool for predicting preterm delivery with higher sensitivity and negative predictive value than any of these methods alone.
Evaluation of topically applied enilconazole for the treatment of dermatophytosis in a Persian cattery
Authors: Hnilica Keith A. , Medleau Linda 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMany Persian catteries have long‐standing dermatophyte infections and are particularly difficult to treat. Enilconazole is a topical antifungal agent that has demonstrated good efficacy in recent studies. Twenty‐two Persian cats naturally infected withMicrosporum canisin a breeding cattery were treated with topical 0.2% enilconazole and monitored for 180 days. The treatments were repeated every 3 days for a total of eight applications. All the cats improved clinically and became culture negative by day 28. By day 180, four cats had developed clinical dermatophytosis and all cats had positive fungal cultures. In this study, topical 0.2% enilconazole was generally well tolerated but may have caused hypersalivation, idiopathic muscle weakness and slightly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. This study suggests that enilconazole may be used safely with little risk to the young, aged and gravid animals.
Lack of menstrual cycle effects on hypothalamic‐ pituitary‐adrenal axis response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia
Authors: Long Teresa D. , Ellingrod Vicki L. , Kathol Roger G. , Christensen Laura E. , Resch David S. , Perry Paul J. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryOBJECTIVELimited data are available on the effects of the menstrual cycle on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPA) function. This study evaluates HPA axis reactivity to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia over the menstrual cycle.PATIENTSTwelve normal women were randomized to placebo and evaluated during three successive menstrual cycles. Menstrual phase was documented by menstrual diary and by oestradiol and progesterone levels at the time of each insulin tolerance test (ITT). Six normal men were included as a comparison in the statistical analysis.MEASUREMENTSAfternoon ITTs were performed initially on the second or third day of menses in women, then seven more ITTs followed at one or two week intervals during the next 10 weeks. Serum measurements of glucose, adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and cortisol were obtained.RESULTSThe glucose and ACTH responses to the ITTs were similar between men and women. Cortisol levels at baseline and during the test were higher in men than in women, although the amount of change was similar. Glucose, ACTH and cortisol response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia did not vary over the menstrual cycle or during repeat testing in men or women.CONCLUSIONSThese data show that it is unnecessary to control for menstrual cycle during insulin tolerance tests performed at 1600 hours. It is, however, necessary to control for the effect of sex on cortisol levels. Repeat testing more than one week apart does not appear to influence the glucose, ACTH or cortisol response to insulin stress.
Neural substrates of the tilt illusion
Authors: Wenderoth Peter , Smith Stuart 
Published: July 2002

Purpose: It has been suggested that direct and indirect tilt illusions and after‐effects have different mechanisms, namely that the direct effects arise in V1 and are sensitive to differences in spatial and temporal parameters between test and inducing stimuli, whereas indirect effects arise in extra‐striate cortex and are insensitive to such parameters. When Wolfe (Vision Research 1984; 24: 1959–64) reported that large direct tilt after‐effects occurred with short test flashes, he postulated that either there are distinct mechanisms which process brief and longer duration stimuli or that there are distinct mechanisms that are not primarily concerned with duration but are differentially responsive to temporal parameters amongst several others. Results: In three experiments we demonstrate that large direct tilt illusions can be induced when parameters other than duration are manipulated, including contrast and spatial frequency, and that such large effects can occur when stimulus parameters are chosen to favour preferentially either the transient (magnocellular‐like) system or the sustained (parvocellular‐like) system. Conclusions: These results are thus consistent with Wolfe’s second hypothesis. None of these stimulus manipulations had any effect on indirect tilt illusions, consistent with previous findings and hypotheses about the different mechanisms of the direct and indirect effects.
Accuracy of ultrasonic detection of the uterus in normal newborn infants: implications for infants with ambiguous genitalia
Authors: Kutteh W. H. , Santos‐Ramos R. , Ermel L. D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEvery year approximately one in 5000 babies is born with ambiguous genitalia, a condition that requires immediate sex assignment if possible. We investigated whether transabdominal ultrasonography with the use of a linear array high‐resolution 7.5‐MHz transducer would enhance the accuracy of detecting the uterus in the newborn.One hundred mothers who delivered normal, term infants (> 36 weeks and > 2500 g) gave their informed consent for the investigation. Each infant was placed in an unmarked bassinet, external genitalia were covered, and ultrasound examinations were performed by the same examiner (R. S.) who was blinded to the sex of the infant.The neonatal uterus was identified in 47 of 50 female infants (94% sensitivity) and the absence of a uterus was correctly predicted in 49 of 50 male infants (specificity 98%). The average length of the neonatal uteri 1 day after birth was 3.2 ± 0.5 cm and the total volume was 3.5 ± 0.9 cm³. An endometrial strip could be identified in 98% of neonatal uteri.We conclude that the use of the high‐resolution 7.5‐MHz transducer available in commercial ultrasound equipment is an accurate method for the detection of the neonatal uterus. Infants born with ambiguous genitalia who have a uterus will almost always be assigned the female sex. Infants with ambiguous genitalia but without a uterus will have male pseudohermaphroditism. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Buprenorphine and carbamazepine as a treatment for detoxification of opiate addicts with multiple drug misuse: a pilot study
Authors: Schneider U. , Paetzold W. , Eronat V. , Huber T. J. , Seifert J. , Wiese B. , Emrich H. M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe growing tendency of opioid addicts to misuse multiple other drugs leads to the investigation of new pharmacostrategies to prevent patients from suffering life‐threatening complications and minimize the withdrawal symptoms. The short‐term efficacy of a 10‐day low‐dose buprenorphine/19‐day carbamazepine regime (n = 15) to a 14‐day oxazepam/19‐day carbamazepine regime (n = 12) in an open‐labelled 21‐day inpatient detoxification treatment was compared. Twenty‐seven men and women dependent on opioids and misusing other drugs admitted to a detoxification unit were included in this protocol. Eighteen of 27 patients (67%) completed the study. Four non‐completers (27%) received buprenorphine/carbamazepine (four of 15) and five non‐completers (42%) were treated with oxazepam/carbamzepine (five of 12), but the difference in the dropout rate between the two treatment strategies was not significant.The buprenorphine/carbamazepine regime provided significantly more effective relief of withdrawal symptoms during the first week of treatment. No severe side effects occurred during treatment in both groups. The present study supports the hypothesis that buprenorphine/carbamazepine is more effective than oxazepam/carbamazepine in rapid opioid detoxification in patients with additional multiple drug misuse and both regimens were safe with no unexpected side effects.
Quality of Life in Children Following Treatment for a Malignant Primary Bone Tumour Around the Knee
Authors: Eiser Christine , Cool Paul , Grimer Robert J. , Carter Simon R. , Cotter Imogen M. , Ellis Ann J. , Kopel Sheryl 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. We report on the quality of life following treatment for a malignant primary bone tumour around the knee in skeletally immature children.Patients. Patients (n = 41; mean age = 18 years; range 8–28) had all experienced chemotherapy in a neo‐adjuvant setting, surgical excision of the tumour and endoprosthetic replacement.Methods. Interviews were conducted separately with the child and mother and focused on mobility, body image and the impact of treatment on schooling, employment and plans for the future.Results. Mobility in the group was variable. Only 12% reported that they could run with any confidence. The proportion who were able to swim (49%) or ride a bike (46%) was higher. All had experienced major disruption in schooling (mean absence following diagnosis = 12 months). Eight had repeated a school year and 41% patients reported that their schoolwork was affected. As a result of their experience, eight (six females and two males) chose health‐related employment. Concerns for the future were highest among males and those with manual jobs. Three patients were receiving psychiatric support, in relation to extreme concern about the risk of recurrence. All expressed satisfaction with treatment, and older patients believed that the prosthesis gave a better quality of life than amputation.Discussion. Our data suggest that outcome following limb‐salvage surgery is variable. Education is disrupted. Even so, only two left school with no qualifications. Employment is most restricted among males with few qualifications who may benefit from sensitive vocational counselling.