bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching Readiness, Workload Analysis and Performance of Teachers in Luna District
Authors: Agcaoili McDonald C. , Bascos-Ocampo Rema 
Published: May 2022

Aims: This study analyzed the workload of teachers as to teaching load, other assignment/s and total workload and determined the profile of the teachers in terms of demographic profile, professional profile and administrative profile; teachers’ teaching readiness; performance of teachers; relationship of the profile and teaching readiness of teachers, profile and performance of teachers, profile and workload, teaching readiness and performance of teachers and workload and performance of teachers.
Study Design: The researchers used the documentary analysis method.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the secondary schools of Luna, Apayao, from January 2018 to June 2018.
Methodology: Sixty-five teachers were chosen as respondents through the simple random sampling. Data were collected through the survey questionnaire and School Form 7 and analyzed through frequency counts, percentage, mean and Pearson (r).
Results: Majority of the respondents are 38 years old, females, married, Roman Catholic, Ilocano, Teacher I, 10 years in the service, master’s degree holder, eligible to teach, and English majors, and have attended 3 trainings or seminars related to their field of specialization. Majority are very ready in their teaching career with 37 or 56.92 percent of them. The respondents’ average workload is 23, most of them are given 2 other assignments and have an average weekly workload of 25 hours. Majority perform “Very Satisfactory” in their task as a whole. There is a significant relationship between age and teaching readiness, plantilla positions, length of service and performance of the teachers. There is no significant relationship between the profile of the teachers and workload, teaching readiness and performance of teachers, performance and workload of teachers.
Conclusion: There is so much room for professional growth among the teachers They do there tasks with competence, are service-oriented and are reliable even in doing assigned tasks different from their workload.
LASSA Fever: A 1400% Fold Increase in Infection Rate among Health Care Workers in Nigeria-a Cause for Concern and a Comparative Analysis of NCDC 2021 and 2022 Situation Reports
Authors: Ehimen Ferguson Ayemere , Betiku Omobamidele Benson 
Published: May 2022

Background: Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic illness {fever} caused by Lassa virus, which is hosted by rodents in the Mastomys natalensis species. It is found in abundance in West, East, and Central Africa. Lassa fever is caused by an arenavirus, which is a single-stranded, bisegmented RNA virus that is enclosed. Lassa fever was originally documented in 1969 in the Borno State town of Lassa in Nigeria, when two missionary nurses died of the sickness. Unfortunately, despite the fact that the first case was recorded 53 years ago, hundreds of thousands of cases are reported each year without proper epidemic preparedness and prevention strategies.
Objectives: The study's goal is to characterize the different percentage increases in the various Lassa fever report indicators as reported by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), with the goal of giving a comparative analysis of the Lassa fever report in 2021 and 2022 using the 7th week epidemiological report of 2021 and 2022.
Methods: Data and information for this article was obtained in Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) 7th week epidemiological situation report of 2022.
Results: A comparison of the Lassa fever situation report for week 7 epidemiology report for 2021 and 2022 revealed a 1400 percent rise in the infection rate in health care workers in 2022 compared to the previous year, 2021. Other report indicators (suspected/confirmed cases, state and local government involvement, etc.) increased by more than 100 percent in the 2022 report compared to the 2021 report.
Conclusion: This comparative analysis has revealed the lack of an epidemic preparation strategy for such an annual epidemic, which is eye-opening for all health care workers, administrators, and governments. As a result, establishing an emergency preparation strategy and implementing several prevention strategies (deratization, health-care training, community sensitization etc) that can lead to a reduction in the number of cases and deaths each year is critical.
Economic Analysis of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Production as Influenced by Different Organic Nutrient Sources under Mid Hill Condition of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Hameedi Atal , Thakur Kuldeep Singh , Nesar Nesar Ahmad , Attri Meenakshi , Stanikzai Rahmat Gul , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Satesh 
Published: May 2022

A field investigation was conducted during the Kharif of 2016 at the Department of Vegetable Science, UHF, Nauni, Solan to explore the economic analysis of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production as influenced by organic nutrient sources. The experiment was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Factorial with three replications comprising 10 different treatments. The study indicated that vermicompost @ 7 t/ha + Jeevamrut (Drenching @ 5% + Foliar spray @ 3%) highly affected yield and yield attributing traits of bell pepper and documented higher fruit weight (59.33 g), no. of fruits/plant (29.13), fruit yield/plot (24.73 kg), and fruit yield/ha (366.42 q) along with the highest gross income (₹ 916,050.00/ha) and net return (₹ 713,795.00/ha) whereas the greatest B: C ratio (5.43) was attained with no organic manure + Jeevamrut (Drenching @ 5% + Foliar spray @ 3%). As a result, from an economic standpoint, Jeevamrut (Drenching @ 5% + Foliar spray @ 3%) application and Vermicompost @ 7 t/ha in combination with Jeevamrut (Drenching @ 5% + Foliar spray @ 3%) application for high yield may be suggested for commercial production.
Impact of Spent Mushroom Substrate Integration with Trichoderma harzianum on Yield and Gummosis Disease Incidence in Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)
Authors: Kumar Satish , Chugh Rakesh Kumar , Singh Jagdeep 
Published: May 2022

Bottle gourd is a commonly grown cucurbitaceous vegetable crop in India. It is affected by various pathogens but gummosis, a soil borne fungal disease is a serious disease of bottle gourd. The symptoms are color change to reddish brown at the collar region. The oozing of brownish gum on affected part is the first sign of disease. The research work carried out in the world has proved that soil application of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) after weathering increased yield and decreased soil borne diseases in different vegetable crops. Keeping in view of its importance, it was felt to study the impact of soil application of SMS enriched with T. harzianum on seed germination, yield and gummosis disease incidence of bottle gourd. The twelve months old SMS and well rotten farm yard manure (FYM) were applied in soil alone as well as enriched with T. harzianum in the experimental trials conducted from 2019 to 2021. It revealed that soil application of SMS and FYM applied alone or enriched with T. harzianum didn’t have adverse effect on its germination. The maximum yield at 5752 kg/ha was obtained when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied followed by 5630 kg/ha when SMS was applied alone in soil. The minimum yield at 4806 kg/ha was obtained in control. A minimum disease incidence of 4.8 per cent was observed when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied, followed by 6.5 per cent when it was applied alone. The maximum disease incidence of 11.7 per cent was observed in control. Therefore, soil application of SMS enriched with T. harzianum before sowing at 25 tonnes/ha significantly increased yield and decreased disease incidence at the maximum rate as compared to other treatments and control.
A Massive Cholera Outbreak in Shaheed Benazir Abad, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Mehraj Sandeep , Dass Gordhan , Hussain Mudassar , Baig Amir , Memon Naveed Masood , Sand Aurangzeb , Memon Sohail Ahemd , Channa Mukhtiyar , Jhatiyal Hussian 
Published: May 2022

Background: A team of Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training fellows were deputed to investigate the cholera outbreak reported from Village Laiq Rahoo Taluka Daulat Pur of district Shaheed Benazir Abad on 14 June 2016 after reporting of 56 diarrheal cases from the district.
Methods: The study was conducted from 15-19 June 2016. A case was defined any person who has presented with 3 or more episodes of watery stools or vomiting since last day, with or without; fever, nausea, abdominal cramps, blood or mucous in stool. Active case search was conducted in village. A case control study was carried out preceded by descriptive study. Data was collected on pretested questionniare. Environmental assessment was done. Stool samples were sent to National Institute of Health, Islamabad.
Results: A total of 132 diarrheal cases were identified with Case Fatality Rate of 3%. Age range was 1 year to 60 years (Mean=18 years). Of all casaes males were 73 (56%). Population of village was 3308, so the overall attack rate was 4%. Commonly affected age group was 30-34 years with attack rate of 11% (22/206). Diarrhea n=132 (100%) and vomiting n=47 (45%) were leading symptoms among cases. Water source near the toilets < less than 10 feet> (OR: 11, 95% CI: 6-20, p: <0.001), Eating from common OR=7.3, 95% CI: 4.2-12.6, p<0.001) were the factors associated with outbreak. Vibrio Cholera was detected in 3 out of 5 stool samples and 4 out of 5 water samples revealed coliforms.
Conclusion: Diarrhea outbreak was likely due to close proximity of water and sewage sources. It is recommended that hand pump should be installed away from toilets.
Capillary Pressure Behavior of CO2 - Shale System at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Almutairi Abrar , Al-Bazali Talal 
Published: May 2022

In this study, changes in capillary entry pressure of shale when interacting with CO2, under different temperatures have been investigated. The combined impact of temperature and petrophysical properties of shale (water content, water activity, permeability and porosity) on capillary entry pressure was addressed. Pressure breakthrough measurements were used to evaluate the minimum entry pressure of CO2 through shale. A heavy-duty oven was used to vary the temperature in order to investigate the impact of temperature on CO2 capillary entry pressure through shale. Results showed that capillary entry pressure of shale when interacting with CO2 was highly affected by temperature. Higher temperatures decreased capillary entry pressure of shale. We believe that pore dilation, where pore throat size expands due to the application of heat, may have caused this decrease in capillary entry pressure. However, in some cases higher temperature activated clay swelling that may have caused an apparent decrease in pore throat radii of shale which translated into higher capillary entry pressure. Results also showed that there exists no distinct relationship between petrophysical properties of shale and its measured capillary entry pressure when interacting with CO2 at different temperatures. Heat could alter pore throat radii and cause pore dilation which may alter measured capillary entry pressure. Interfacial tension decreases with increasing temperature and that can be attributed to the weakening of intermolecular forces at the two immiscible fluids interface. Swelling of clay could be related to temperature-induced transition from passive to an active clay.
Clinical Significance of Haematologic Indices as Indicators for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity
Authors: Alhelby Samar Darwish Mostafa , Hodeib Hossam AbdElmohsen , Gawaly Amr Mohamed , El-Sheikh Ebaa Hussein 
Published: May 2022

Background: Lupus erythematosus is a diverse autoimmune disorder that is capable of afflicting a variety of organs and has a clinical history that is inconsistent. Despite substantial improvements in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient survival, the pathophysiology of the disease remains unexplained, despite the fact that genes play a key role in its propensity.
Objective: To evaluate the several hematological indicators (neutrophil- to- lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet -to- lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet distribution width (PDW), red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV) in SLE patients and their correlation with disease manifestations.
Patients and Methods: In our study, a cross-sectional comparative study that enrolled 100 SLE patients (30 male and 70 female patients) aged from 18-55y who are recruited from the Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit (inpatient wards and outpatient clinics) the patients were categorized into three groups according to the (SLE disease activity index 2000. (SLEDAI-2K): Group (I): Inactive (SLEDAI-2K, <6) Include thirty-one patients. Group (II): Moderately active (SLEDAI-2K, 6-10) Include twenty-nine patients. Group (III): Highly active (SLEDAI-2k, ≥11) Include forty patients.
Results: Our study showed clinical parameters such as vasculitis, nephritis, serositis, CNS involvement are significant and indicate severe activity. Also, our study showed laboratory data as ESR, ANA, anti-dsDNA, and consumption of complement showed a significant correlation with systemic lupus activity. The highly active group had higher PLR, NLR, PDW, and MPV than other groups. However, the highly active group showed a decrease in lymphocyte median. CNS symptoms indicated a negative correlation that is statistically significant with lymphocytes. While it demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation, with NLR, however, CNS showed a significant positive correlation with PDW. Nephritis had a significant positive correlation with NLR and PLR. Vasculitis had a positive highly significant correlation with lymphocytes and a positive significant correlation with PLR.
Conclusion: Patients with SLE in both high and moderate activity of disease exhibited significant renal manifestations, vasculitis, serositis, CNS symptoms, consumed C3 and C4 while ESR and Anti-dsDNA were elevated in all groups. The highly active group had higher NLR, PLR, PDW, and MPV than other groups. However, it showed a decrease in lymphocyte median. Further, CNS symptoms revealed a negative correlation that is statistically significant with lymphocytes, while it showed a positive statistically significant correlation with PDW and NLR. Nephritis had a positive significant correlation with NLR, and PLR and vasculitis had a positive highly significant correlation with lymphocytes and PLR.
Histopathological Spectrum in Whipple’s Resection Specimens – a Six Years Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Imam Zeenat Sarmadi , Rabab Shadan , Singh Reecha , Kumar Bipin , Mandal Manish , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Haider Md. Zeeshan 
Published: May 2022

Aims and Objectives: To study the demographic distribution and histomorphological variations of Whipple’s pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens in regard to tumour site, size, type, grade, marginal status, lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion (PNI) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). This study will also highlight the incidental pathological lesions occurring in Whipple’s specimens. Hence it will further facilitate to analyse the prognostic significance of all these parameters in order to co-relate the overall spectrum of these cases.
Study Design and Place of Study: An observational retrospective time bound descriptive study conducted at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna after approval of ethical committee.
Materials and Methods: A total of 150 Whipple’s resection specimens received in the Department of Pathology, IGIMS, Patna from January 2015 to December 2020 were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criterias. Details were collected from histopathology request forms and hospital record sheets. Gross and microscopic features were analysed and recorded. Slides were reviewed and the parameters were calculated.
Results: Statistical analysis showed that out of 150 Whipple’s pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens, 141 (94%) cases were malignant tumours, 6(4%) cases had low malignant potential and 3 (2%) cases were of benign nature. Periampullary carcinomas were the predominant malignant tumours (78.66%), followed by ampullary carcinomas (14%) and pancreatic endocrine tumours (1.33%). Tumours with low malignant potential were constituted by SPN (solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas) (2.67%), GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumours) (0.67%) and mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas (0.67%). Mean age incidence was 49.57 years with a male to female sex ratio of 1.4:1. Most of the malignant tumours (more than 75%) were moderately differentiated and were in stage 2 category. Out of the total 141 malignant tumours, 71 (50.35%) cases showed LVI, 50 (35.46%) cases had PNI and 84 (81.67%) had tumour deposits in the lymph nodes.
Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the importance of tumour grade, tumour stage, presence of LVI, PNI, positive margins and lymph node metastasis as strong prognostic factors for patient survival. This is well corroborated by the significant P value in our study. Most of our cases were diagnosed at a locally advanced stage. Hence a more precise assessment and clinical evaluation can lead to early detection of cancer, improving the survival rates.
Good Building Design and Construction Practices in Barangay Baybay, Catarman, Northern Samar
Authors: Licas Felix S. 
Published: May 2022

The Extension program conducted entitled “Good Building Design and Construction Practices” an adopt a Barangay program was undertaken in Barangay Baybay, Catarman, Northern Samar. It aimed to provide consultancy services on civil engineering practices. It undertakes a campaign information drive for safe building construction practices. There were 40 participants in attendance mostly composed of skilled workers. The module presented focuses on design construction, materials principles, and safety construction principles. Pre-tests and post-tests were given before and after the training program. From the administered pre-test, the lowest score was seven and the highest score was 14 out of 15 items conducted, while from the post-test examination they got a perfect score and obtained a lowest 10 points score. The result on the House Building Checklist as to the type of house building structures was derived; there was 3.66 percent on concrete houses, 43.09 percent on mixed concrete and timber house, 46.74 percent were made of steel, concrete, and timber houses, and 6.51 percent are constructed with the indigenous house. The results on indicators of house building checklist revealed that most of the structures do not have occupancy building certificates. The foundation was mostly built on sand because of its location facing the shoreline. The materials used were rivers stone and round. Most walls were covered with either concrete or hollow blocks and were tied to the column at 40 cm intervals. The roofing systems were made of more than 50 percent triangular trusses. For site drainage plan, almost 50 percent observed proper drainage plan and 65 percent of their walls are located nearer to their septic tank and 55 percent are located to floodable waterways and swampy areas. The structures are non-compliant with the building permit issuance. There were 200 structures were built within a radius of 15 meters from the seashore. The structures need to undergo repair because of the appearance of deteriorating construction materials. The results of the interview revealed that they have malpractice in the handling of construction materials and proper observation of the construction method.
Is Tramadol Hydrochloride with Adrenaline an Alternative to Lignocaine Hydrochloride with Adrenaline in Dental Implant Surgery ?? – A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Parlawar Akshita , Mundada Bhushan Prakashchand , Gupta Aishwarya 
Published: May 2022

Background: When used as infiltration anesthesia, tramadol is known to provide a local anesthetic effect.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the anesthetic potency of local infiltrations of 5% tramadol hydrochloride with adrenaline and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline in dental implant procedures. To assess tramadol postoperative analgesia's onset, duration, potency, and effectiveness as a local anesthetic agent.
Methodology: A split mouth study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, of Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi, district Wardha, Maharashtra. A total number of 80 patients (split-mouth) who needed dental implants was chosen and divided into two groups of 40 people each. Patients were chosen at random, regardless of their gender, caste, or religion. A written consent was obtained from all the patients.
Expected Result: The study was carried out to check potency of Tramadol hydrochloride with adrenaline to lignocaine hydrochloride in dental implant surgery, it had similar efficacy and used as an alternative where lignocaine was contraindicated.
Conclusion: Tramadol hydrochloride with adrenaline was used as an alternative to lignocaine hydrochloride in selected cases, if the study proves.
Design and Evaluation of Sorafenib Tosylate Nanoparticles Including Assessment of IC50 Values using PC Cell Lines
Authors: Sailaja P. B. , Jyothi B. Jeevana 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Sorafenib tosylate is an anticancer drug used for treatment of pancreatic cancer. In the present research work, Sorafenib tosylate is converted to nanoparticles with an aim to assess its anticancer activity with reduced concentration expecting less side effects of the parent drug.
Objective: The aim of the present research work is preparation of nanoparticles of Sorafenib tosylate, evaluation at in-vitro level and to carry out promising nanoparticles for anti cancer activity for treatment of pancreatic cancer by MTT Assay method using PC cell lines including comparison of IC50 values of sorafenib tosylate nanoparticles and pure drug
Methodology: The nanoparticles of sorafenib were prepared by salting out method using Eudragit S-100, sodium CMC and Zinc sulphate. Eight formulations were tried using varied drug to polymer ratios.
Results: The promising formulation produced with drug to polymer ratio of 1:2 has particle size of 231.6nm and highest dissolution rate 76.2± 0.35% in 60 min and 82.5% in 90 min. These nanoparticles assessed by MTT assay method revealed reasonably reduced IC50 value of 0.848±0.217 compared to 1.92±0.14 in case of pure sorafenib tosylate.
Conclusion: Sorafenib tosylate nanoparticles can be produced successfully by salting out method using drug to polymer (Sorafenib tosylate: Eudragit L-100) ratio of 1:3 by salting out method to possess ideal drug release characteristics. IC50 values of nanoparticles of sorafenib tosylate are reasonably reduced compared to pure drugs indicating very chances of reduced side effects with nanoparticles to treat pancreatic cancer effectively with reduced side effects.