bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the validity of identifying care home residents through a new national register
Authors: Kristensen Gitte S. , Wolff Donna L. , Søndergaard Jens , Andersen-Ranberg Karen , Mogensen Christian B. 
Published: March 2022

Aims: Identifying permanent care home residents in Denmark by national registers is subject to error. The current register-based method has a sensitivity of 87% and a positive predictive value of 57%. The Danish National Health Data Authority has generated a new register named Care Home Data (in Danish: Plejehjemsdata) to increase the quality of register-based studies on care home residents. This study aimed to investigate the validity of Care Home Data. Methods: We generated the gold standard by retrieving information from the four municipalities of Southern Jutland on all individuals living permanently in a care home facility in 2019. Care Home Data generates information on care home residents by pairing addresses of every apartment in Danish care home facilities with the addresses of Danish citizens. The agreement between Care Home Data and the gold standard was analysed by calculating the sensitivity and positive predictive value. Results: According to the municipalities, a total of 2081 individuals resided permanently in care home facilities in Southern Jutland in 2019 (gold standard). Care Home Data identified 2128 permanent care home residents; of which 2019 individuals were identified by both the municipalities and Care Home Data (true positives); 62 individuals were not identified by Care Home Data (false negatives), and 109 individuals identified by Care Home Data did not appear in data from the municipalities (false positives). This gave a sensitivity of Care Home Data of 97.0% and a positive predictive value of 94.9%. Conclusions: Care Home Data is a much improved tool for identifying citizens permanently residing in care homes with very high sensitivity and positive predictive value.
Childhood perspectives of parental young onset dementia: A qualitative data synthesis
Authors: Blake Cathal , Hopper Louise 
Published: March 2022

Background While it is less common, young onset dementia manifests at a significantly younger age (< 65). Many people with young onset dementia are parents; however, little is known about impact of the condition on children and young adults. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted to synthesise the literature on the perspectives of children and young adults with a parent living with young onset dementia. Methods Electronic databases were searched in order to identify all peer-reviewed literature in relation to the perspectives of children and young adults with a parent living with young onset dementia. A thematic analysis was conducted on the relevant literature. Results The electronic database search resulted in 15 full texts articles. Four main themes with related subthemes emerged from the thematic analysis. The four main themes were: changing family dynamics; psychological and physical strain; stigma and coping strategies. Conclusion The current synthesis outlines the perspectives of children and young adults with a parent living with young onset dementia. There is a significant lack of research in this area which adds to the stereotypical view of dementia as an older person’s disease. This can lead to children and young adults being impacted by lack of awareness and stigma resulting in significant psychosocial problems. As the number of people living with dementia (including young onset) is set to increase, future research with children and young adults with a parent with young onset dementia is important in order to better support this cohort.
Technical note: An alternative use of a steerable homemade for the treatment of chronic total occlusion of an iliac artery
Authors: Orellana Dávila Bernardo , Danese Massimo , Spataro Claudio , Coscarella Carlo , Giudice Rocco , Ferrer Ciro 
Published: March 2022

Introduction The complexity of the peripheral recanalization comes from the difficulty to cross the lesion or get into the subintimal space and its re-entry afterward, with a high risk of complications like artery dissection and/or rupture, which are life-threatening complications. To our knowledge, we report the first case of the use of a homemade steerable sheath for the successful revascularization of a heavy chronic total occlusion in a patient with unsuitable upper vascular access. Technique By contralateral vascular access and the use of a 6Fr 55-cm Cook Flexor sheath and a pre-looped 0.014” choice guidewire, a steerable homemade sheath was used to achieve the support, pushability, and steer needed to access the subintimal space at the origin of a heavy occluded common iliac artery, thus giving us the ability to cross the lesion. Conclusions The homemade steerable sheath is feasible, quick, cheap, and easy to use, sparing the use of re-entry systems and catheters for the attempts of subintimal navigation. In addition, this technique gives the advantage to steer the catheters and wires as needed, avoiding non-desired re-entry points with secondary collaterals lumen compromise or extensive dissections.
Prospective Evaluation of Pain Flares and Time Until Pain Relief Following Musculoskeletal Corticosteroid Injections
Authors: Cushman Daniel M. , Kobayashi Jacqueline K. , Wheelwright John C. , English Joy , Monson Nicholas , Teramoto Masaru , Dunn Ryan , Lash Madison , Zarate Marisol 
Published: March 2022

Background: Corticosteroid injections are used ubiquitously within musculoskeletal medicine. One of the most common side effects is a postinjection pain flare, though little is known regarding this phenomenon. Hypothesis: Some risk factors are related to postinjection pain flare following an ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection. Study Design: Prospective clinical research study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Patients undergoing ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections in an academic orthopaedic and sports medicine clinic were approached to participate. Patients completed a survey immediately following their injection and again 2 weeks later, asking them about their pain and side effects. A postinjection pain flare was defined as an increase in pain, as defined by the patient. Results: A total of 140 patients completed the entirety of the study, with 29 (20.7%) patients reporting a flare of pain. There was a significant effect of younger age on the development of a pain flare after the injection, estimated as 5.5% decreased odds of developing a flare per year of age ( P < 0.01). Gender, injection location, body mass index (BMI), preinjection pain, and corticosteroid type had no contributing effect. When patients obtained relief following the corticosteroid injection, 60.4% had improved pain within 3 days, whereas over 93.7% obtained relief within a week. Conclusion: Pain flares seem to affect approximately 1 in 5 patients. With increasing age, the likelihood of postinjection pain flare becomes less likely. Sex, injection location, BMI, preinjection pain, and corticosteroid type do not seem to significantly relate to an increase in pain following injection. Clinical Relevance: Corticosteroid injections are common procedures in the orthopaedic and sports medicine settings. Younger patients can be counseled on the higher likelihood of a pain flare following a corticosteroid injection.
Examining the factors contributing to the association between non-albuminuric CKD and a low rate of kidney function decline in diabetes
Authors: Buyadaa Oyunchimeg , Salim Agus , Morton Jedidiah I. , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin , Magliano Dianna J. , Shaw Jonathan E. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Studies have shown that among people with diabetes, those with non-albuminuric chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a slower rate of reduction in renal function than do those with normal renal function. This suggests the presence of protective factors, the identification of which may open up targets for intervention. The aim of this study was to identify protective clinical factors and nonclinical biomarkers that contribute to the association between non-albuminuric CKD and the low rate of progression of CKD. Methods: We tested for significant associations of several clinical factors and 33 nonclinical biomarkers with (1) normoalbuminuria and (2) a low rate of CKD progression among participants with diabetes and CKD enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study in the United States. Factors significantly associated with both normoalbuminuria and a low rate of CKD progression were assessed in linear regression to estimate their potential contributions to the association between non-albuminuric CKD and rate of CKD progression. Results: Systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycated A1c (HbA1c), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and six biomarkers [β-trace protein (BTP), kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), fibrinogen, fractalkine, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT)] were associated with both normoalbuminuria and a low rate of eGFR decline. The univariate β-coefficient for normoalbuminuria was 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82, 1.05]. When all associated factors and biomarkers were included, the regression coefficient decreased to 0.54 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.67). The factors that contributed to the association between non-albuminuric CKD and low rate of eGFR were lower levels of SBP, HbA1c, BTP, KIM-1, hsTnT, BNP, fibrinogen and fractalkine. Conclusion: Lower levels of SBP and biomarkers that have pro-inflammatory and vascular modulating features may explain up to 40% of the association between non-albuminuric CKD and low rate of CKD progression. Further investigation of these biomarkers may lead to therapeutic interventions.
Nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis in a cat: interlaboratory variation in cryptococcal antigen assay test results
Authors: McEwan Stephanie A , Sykes Jane E 
Published: March 2022

Case summary An indoor-only 6-year-old spayed female domestic cat was evaluated for a history of stertorous respiration. Skull radiographs revealed increased soft tissue density within the caudal aspect of the left nasal cavity. CT and rhinoscopy revealed a mass lesion in the choana, plus a smaller lesion, nearly completely occluding flow through the nasal passages. Rhinoscopy was used to collect a biopsy specimen from a fleshy, tan–yellow mass visualized in the caudal nasopharynx. Histopathology was diagnostic for Cryptococcus species infection and systemic antifungal therapy with fluconazole was initiated. Following a series of discordant results, serum samples were submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory that utilized a cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination system with pretreatment of serum with pronase. Twenty-three months after the initial diagnosis, the cat’s serum cryptococcal antigen titer declined to 1:5 and the cat has responded well to continuing treatment. Relevance and novel information This case illustrates challenges associated with discordant test results for cryptococcal antigen among laboratories. Discordancies may be due to differences in assay design, or the underlying disease state itself, or whether serum is pre-treated with pronase; with some tests relying on the training and experience of the operator if the cryptococcal antigen detection test requires a subjective interpretation. It also resolves some confusion in the literature related to the assay types available and terminology used to describe them, and emphasizes the importance of considering cryptococcosis as an important differential for cats with upper respiratory signs, without nasal discharge, even if the cat is kept exclusively indoors.
The Influence of Culture on Early Childhood Education Curriculum in the UAE
Authors: Alhosani Najwa 
Published: March 2022

Purpose This article provides an overview of how childhood curriculum in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is designed to serve cultural values. Design/Approach/Methods The framework of kindergarten curriculum adopts the uniqueness of children laying the foundation for their cultural identity. This paper provides a description of how this is achieved through a case study of the kindergarten curriculum in the UAE. Findings The core elements of Emirati culture are delivered in the early childhood education (ECE) curriculum, which is influenced by global practices. Islamic studies is a key component in the Emirati kindergarten curriculum, which is designed to help children practice principles of religion, with the main Islamic values of gratitude and charity as aspects that are deeply embedded. Similarly, through social studies, children learn about Emirati heritage and culture. In addition to exposure to world communities, the learning experience engages children in authentic stories that relate to their personal lives, families, and community to build national awareness. Originality/Value This paper sheds light on ECE in the UAE. Although the topic is of interest to UAE policymakers and educators and the global audience interested in UAE education, there is no study to the researcher's best knowledge that has examined the influence of the UAE culture on ECE curriculum.
From experience to theory: Science recreation workshops as a practice-led approach in informal environments for science learning
Authors: García-Guerrero Miguel , Lewenstein Bruce V 
Published: March 2022

Science recreation workshops (SRWs) create dynamic experiences in which participants discover, explore and understand natural phenomena. This serves as a unique and valuable means of the public communication of science and technology and informal science education activities, with the public at the centre of the process. To achieve this, SRWs integrate action and reflection not as a dichotomy, but as a complementary relation in which sensorial interaction is not a thoughtless process and mental activity is not disembodied. In this way, SRWs create virtuous cycles of meaningful learning. However, SRW practitioners thus far have not paid enough attention to the development of a theoretical foundation to support their strategies; they remain highly dependent on empirical experience and tacit knowledge. The little attention paid to the creation of a conceptual framework represents a critical barrier for reflection, discussion and, with them, the maturation of the SRW community. This work links a characterization of the SRW, built upon empirical experiences, to a variety of learning theories to identify an essential basis for discussion on the subject. Our objective is to complement the rich empirical tradition of the SRW with analytic elements intended to encourage discussion and promote—as tends to happen in activities with the public—virtuous cycles of theory and practice.
Endoscopic Spinal Surgery (BESS and UESS) Versus Microscopic Surgery in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kang Kyu-Bok , Shin Young-Soo , Seo Eun-Min 
Published: March 2022

Study Design Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Objectives Various minimally invasive surgical techniques have been developed as alternatives to conventional surgery. According to recent studies, endoscopic spinal surgery (ESS) (biportal ESS [BESS] or uniportal ESS [UESS]) is more favorable compared with microscopic spinal surgery (MSS). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the latest evidence on the use of ESS compared with MSS in lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods A systematic electronic search using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Database, and Korea Med was performed until December 2019 to identify studies that compared ESS and MSS in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Results Overall, 1167 patients were included from three randomized controlled trials, six retrospective cohorts, and two prospective case–control studies. This review only presented 3 direct comparative studies. The study had inherent limitations specifically in terms of the study design. Meta-analysis of hospital stay (days) showed significant difference between BESS and MSS, UESS and MSS, BESS +UESS, and MSS at the final follow-up (95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.66 to −.77; P = .003; I2 = 97%, 95% CI: −2.95 to −1.22; P <.00001; I2 = 90%, and 95% CI: −2.89 to −1.48; P <.00001; I2 = 96%, respectively). However, meta-analysis showed no significant difference in other results. Conclusions Although a shorter duration of hospital stay was observed in ESS, there were no significant differences in efficacy and safety between ESS and MSS. Further studies are required to validate these results.
Ferrofettelite, [Ag6As2S7][Ag10FeAs2S8], a new sulfosalt from the Glasberg quarry, Odenwald, Germany
Authors: Bindi Luca , Downs Robert T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFerrofettelite, ideally [Ag6As2S7][Ag10FeAs2S8], is a new mineral (IMA2021-094) from the Glasberg quarry, Nieder-Beerbach, Odenwald, south-western Germany. It occurs as anhedral to subhedral flakes and grains up to 80 μm, associated with proustite and xanthoconite, on arsenolite, calcite and prehnite. Ferrofettelite is opaque with a metallic lustre and possesses a dark reddish-grey streak. It is brittle with an uneven fracture; the Vickers microhardness (VHN20) is 122 kg/mm2 (range 111–131). The calculated density is 5.74 g/cm3 (on the basis of the empirical formula). In plane-polarised reflected light, ferrofettelite is greyish white. Between crossed polars it is weakly anisotropic with red internal reflections. Electron-microprobe analyses give the chemical formula Ag16.04(Fe0.55Hg0.40Cu0.02)Σ0.97(As3.94Sb0.03)Σ3.97S15.02 on the basis of total atoms = 36.Ferrofettelite is monoclinic, space group C2, with a = 26.011(2), b = 15.048(1), c = 15.513(1) Å, β = 90.40(1)° and V = 6071.9(7) Å3 for Z = 8. The six strongest Bragg peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern (d, Å (I, %) (hkl) are: 3.18 (50) ($\bar{8}$01), 3.104 (100) (005), 3.004 (60) ($\bar{8}$02), 2.755 (40) ($\bar{4}$43), 2.501 (30) ($\bar{4}$44) and 1.880 (30) ($\overline {12}$40). The crystal structure can be described as the alternation of two kinds of layers along the c-axis: layer A with general composition [Ag6As2S7]2– and layer B with a general composition of [Ag10FeAs2S8]2+. In the structure, the Ag atoms adopt various coordinations extending from quasi linear to quasi tetrahedral, the AsS3 groups form pyramids as are typically observed in sulfosalts, and mixed (Fe,Hg) links two sulfur atoms in a linear coordination. Ferrofettelite is the first reported inorganic phase showing a linear coordination for Fe2+. The high-temperature behaviour of ferrofettelite was studied up to 410 K and compared to that of fettelite.
Statistical analysis of avian reproduction studies
Authors: Green John W. , Foudoulakis Manousos , Fredricks Timothy , Bean Thomas , Maul Jonathan , Plautz Stephanie , Valverde Pablo , Schapaugh Adam , Sopko Xiaoyi , Gao Zhenglei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAvian reproduction studies for regulatory risk assessment are undergoing review by regulatory authorities, often leading to requests for statistical re-analysis of older studies using newer methods, sometimes with older study data that do not support these newer methods. We propose detailed statistical protocols with updated statistical methodology for use with both new and older studies and recommend improvements in experimental study design to set up future studies for robust statistical analyses. There is increased regulatory and industry attention to the potential use of benchmark dose (BMD) methodology to derive the endpoint to be used in avian reproduction studies for regulatory risk assessment. We present benefits and limitations of this BMD approach for older studies being re-evaluated and for new studies designed for with BMD analysis anticipated. Model averaging is recommended as preferable to model selection for BMD analysis. Even for a new study following the modified experimental design analyses, with BMD methodology will only be possible for a restricted set of response variables. The judicious use of historical control data, identification of outlier data points, increased use of distributions more consistent with the nature of the data collected as opposed to forcing normality-based methods, and trend-based hypothesis tests are shown to be effective for many studies, but limitations on their applicability are also recognized and explained. Updated statistical methodologies are illustrated with case studies conducted under existing regulatory guidelines that have been submitted for product registrations. Through the adoption of alternative avian reproduction study design elements combined with the suggested revised statistical methodologies the conduct, analyses, and utility of avian reproduction studies for avian risk assessments can be improved.
Interpretable prediction of necrotizing enterocolitis from machine learning analysis of premature infant stool microbiota
Authors: Lin Yun Chao , Salleb-Aouissi Ansaf , Hooven Thomas A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common, potentially catastrophic intestinal disease among very low birthweight premature infants. Affecting up to 15% of neonates born weighing less than 1500 g, NEC causes sudden-onset, progressive intestinal inflammation and necrosis, which can lead to significant bowel loss, multi-organ injury, or death. No unifying cause of NEC has been identified, nor is there any reliable biomarker that indicates an individual patient’s risk of the disease. Without a way to predict NEC in advance, the current medical strategy involves close clinical monitoring in an effort to treat babies with NEC as quickly as possible before irrecoverable intestinal damage occurs. In this report, we describe a novel machine learning application for generating dynamic, individualized NEC risk scores based on intestinal microbiota data, which can be determined from sequencing bacterial DNA from otherwise discarded infant stool. A central insight that differentiates our work from past efforts was the recognition that disease prediction from stool microbiota represents a specific subtype of machine learning problem known as multiple instance learning (MIL).

Results
We used a neural network-based MIL architecture, which we tested on independent datasets from two cohorts encompassing 3595 stool samples from 261 at-risk infants. Our report also introduces a new concept called the “growing bag” analysis, which applies MIL over time, allowing incorporation of past data into each new risk calculation. This approach allowed early, accurate NEC prediction, with a mean sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 90%. True-positive NEC predictions occurred an average of 8 days before disease onset. We also demonstrate that an attention-gated mechanism incorporated into our MIL algorithm permits interpretation of NEC risk, identifying several bacterial taxa that past work has associated with NEC, and potentially pointing the way toward new hypotheses about NEC pathogenesis. Our system is flexible, accepting microbiota data generated from targeted 16S or “shotgun” whole-genome DNA sequencing. It performs well in the setting of common, potentially confounding preterm neonatal clinical events such as perinatal cardiopulmonary depression, antibiotic administration, feeding disruptions, or transitions between breast feeding and formula.

Conclusions
We have developed and validated a robust MIL-based system for NEC prediction from harmlessly collected premature infant stool. While this system was developed for NEC prediction, our MIL approach may also be applicable to other diseases characterized by changes in the human microbiota.