bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abdominopelvic MR to CT registration using a synthetic CT intermediate
Authors: Heo Jin Uk , Zhou Feifei , Jones Robert , Zheng Jiamin , Song Xin , Qian Pengjiang , Baydoun Atallah , Traughber Melanie S. , Kuo Jung‐Wen , Helo Rose Al , Thompson Cheryl , Avril Norbert , DeVincent Daniel , Hunt Harold , Gupta Amit , Faraji Navid , Kharouta Michael Z. , Kardan Arash , Bitonte David , Langmack Christian B. , Nelson Aaron , Kruzer Alexandria , Yao Min , Dorth Jennifer , Nakayama John , Waggoner Steven E. , Biswas Tithi , Harris Eleanor , Sandstrom Susan , Traughber Bryan J. , Muzic Raymond F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccurate coregistration of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can provide clinically relevant and complementary information and can serve to facilitate multiple clinical tasks including surgical and radiation treatment planning, and generating a virtual Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/MR for the sites that do not have a PET/MR system available. Despite the long‐standing interest in multimodality co‐registration, a robust, routine clinical solution remains an unmet need. Part of the challenge may be the use of mutual information (MI) maximization and local phase difference (LPD) as similarity metrics, which have limited robustness, efficiency, and are difficult to optimize. Accordingly, we propose registering MR to CT by mapping the MR to a synthetic CT intermediate (sCT) and further using it in a sCT‐CT deformable image registration (DIR) that minimizes the sum of squared differences. The resultant deformation field of a sCT‐CT DIR is applied to the MRI to register it with the CT. Twenty‐five sets of abdominopelvic imaging data are used for evaluation. The proposed method is compared to standard MI‐ and LPD‐based methods, and the multimodality DIR provided by a state of the art, commercially available FDA‐cleared clinical software package. The results are compared using global similarity metrics, Modified Hausdorff Distance, and Dice Similarity Index on six structures. Further, four physicians visually assessed and scored registered images for their registration accuracy. As evident from both quantitative and qualitative evaluation, the proposed method achieved registration accuracy superior to LPD‐ and MI‐based methods and can refine the results of the commercial package DIR when using its results as a starting point. Supported by these, this manuscript concludes the proposed registration method is more robust, accurate, and efficient than the MI‐ and LPD‐based methods.
Robust optimization of VMAT for prostate cancer accounting for geometric uncertainty
Authors: Wada Takuya , Kawahara Daisuke , Murakami Yuji , Nakashima Takeo , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to propose optimal robust planning by comparing the robustness with setup error with the robustness of a conventional planning target volume (PTV)‐based plan and to compare the robust plan to the PTV‐based plan for the target and organ at risk (OAR). Data from 13 patients with intermediate‐to‐high‐risk localized prostate cancer who did not have T3b disease were analyzed. The dose distribution under multiple setup error scenarios was assessed using a conventional PTV‐based plan. The clinical target volume (CTV) and OAR dose in moving coordinates were used for the dose constraint with the robust plan. The hybrid robust plan added the dose constraint of the PTV‐rectum to the static coordinate system. When the isocenter was shifted by 10 mm in the superior–inferior direction and 8 mm in the right‐left and anterior directions, the doses to the CTV, bladder, and rectum of the PTV‐based plan, robust plan, and hybrid robust plan were compared. For the CTV D99% in the PTV‐based plan and hybrid robust plan, over 95% of the prescribed dose was secured in all directions, except in the inferior direction. There was no significant difference between the PTV‐based plan and the hybrid robust plan for rectum V70Gy, V60Gy, and V40Gy. This study proposed an optimization method for patients with prostate cancer. When the setup error occurred within the PTV margin, the dose robustness of the CTV for the hybrid robust plan was higher than that of the PTV‐based plan, while maintaining the equivalent OAR dose.
Construction of 3D Ordered Honeycomb Films with Controllable Pores as Efficient Catalytic Supports
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Jin Haibao , Yao Yuan , Lin Shaoliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe facile construction of 3D porous film using the breath figure technique is critically important in diverse practical applications. However, the discovery of easy synthetic methods and preparation of stimuli‐responsive 3D ordered nano‐/micro‐architectures remain challenging. Herein, the promotive breath figure technique is presented to construct 3D honeycomb porous films on curved substrates using an azobenzene‐containing copolymer. The nanopore size of honeycomb structure decreases gradually with the increase of surface curvature, due to the different solvent drying speeds. Upon irradiation with directional linear polarization light, the round‐shaped nanopores are converted into rectangular‐ and rhombic‐shaped nanopores under different polarization directions. Moreover, these porous films are employed as substrates to load various metal nanoparticles, successfully preparing the nanocomposites. The catalytic capacity of both control and these nanocomposites are evaluated using the NaBH4‐mediated reduction reaction from 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol. Compared to the control and nonporous films, the porous films with smaller nanopores exhibit larger catalytic activity. Additionally, UV irradiation upon the nanocomposites promotes the catalytic action, due to the change in surface hydrophilicity caused by the photoisomerization of azobenzene. Recyclable use of nanocomposites demonstrates the high stability. This research provides an innovative strategy to prepare 3D curved porous films for potential on catalysis.
Manipulating Offense and Defense Signaling to Fight Cold Tumors with Carrier‐Free Nanoassembly of Fluorinated Prodrug and siRNA
Authors: Wu Pengkai , Zhang Haitian , Sun Meiling , Mao Shuai , He Qifeng , Shi Yuze , Deng Yexuan , Dong Zhongjun , Xu Qingxiang , Zhao Chen , Zhang Wenjie , Sun Beicheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChemoimmunotherapy has shown great potential to activate an immune response, but the immunosuppressive microenvironment associated with T cell exhaustion remains a challenge in cancer therapy. The proper immune‐modulatory strategy to provoke a robust immune response is to simultaneously regulate T‐cell exhaustion and infiltration. Here, a new kind of carrier‐free nanoparticle is developed to simultaneously deliver chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, DOX), cytolytic peptide (melittin, MPI), and anti‐TOX small interfering RNA (thymocyte selection‐associated high mobility group box protein, TOX) using a fluorinated prodrug strategy. In this way, the enhanced immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by the combination of DOX and MPI can act as “offense” signaling to increase CD8+ T‐cell infiltration, while the decreased TOX expression interfered with siTOX can serve as “defense” signaling to mitigate CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion. As a result, the integration of DOX, MPI, and siTOX in such a bifunctional system produced a potent antitumor immune response in liver cancer and metastasis, making it a promising delivery platform and effective strategy for converting “cold” tumors into “hot” ones.
A Soft Magnetoelastic Generator for Wind‐Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhao Xun , Nashalian Ardo , Ock Il Woo , Popoli Steven , Xu Jing , Yin Junyi , Tat Trinny , Libanori Alberto , Chen Guorui , Zhou Yihao , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current energy crises and imminent danger of global warming severely limit the ability to scale societal development sustainably. As such, there is a pressing need for utilizing renewable, green energy sources, such as wind energy, which is ubiquitously available on Earth. In this work, a fundamentally new wind‐energy‐harvesting technology is reported, which is based on the giant magnetoelastic effect in a soft composite system, namely, magnetoelastic generators. Its working principle is based on wind‐induced mechanical deformation, which alters the magnetic field in a soft system converting the wind energy into electricity via electromagnetic induction from arbitrary directions. The wind‐energy‐harvesting system features a low internal impedance of 68 Ω, a high current density of 1.17 mA cm–2, and a power density of 0.82 mW cm–2 under ambient natural wind. The system is capable of sustainably driving small electronics and electrolytically splitting water. The system can generate hydrogen at a rate of 7.5 × 10–2 mL h–1 with a wind speed of 20 m s−1. Additionally, since magnetic fields can penetrate water molecules, the magnetoelastic generators are intrinsically waterproof and work stably in harsh environments. This work paves a new way for wind‐energy harvesting with compelling features, which can contribute largely to the hydrogen economy and the sustainability of human civilization.
Vectorial Bulk‐Boundary Correspondence for 3D Photonic Chern Insulators
Authors: Devescovi Chiara , García‐Díez Mikel , Bradlyn Barry , Mañes Juan L. , Vergniory Maia G. , García‐Etxarri Aitzol 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn 2D Chern insulators, the topology of the bulk states is captured by a topological invariant, the Chern number. The scalar bulk‐boundary correspondence (sBBC) relates the change in Chern number across an interface with the number of 1D chiral edge modes at the interface. However, 3D Chern insulators (3D CIs) can be characterized by a Chern vector and a more general vector bulk‐boundary correspondence (vBBC) is needed to correctly predict the propagation of the surface modes. In this work the possible interfaces between 3D photonic CIs are explored, focusing on possible changes in Chern vector orientation. To formulate a 3D vBBC, a link is derived between the Chern vector discontinuity across an interface and the winding of the surface equifrequency loops on the boundary. Last, it is demonstrated how to correctly predict the number and the propagation direction of topological photonic surface modes in 3D CIs.
Synthesis of Olefins by Formal Carbene Coupling
Authors: Davas Daksh Singh , Bhardwaj Srashti , Sen Raju , Gopalakrishnan Dinesh Kumar , Vaitla Janakiram 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this review, the coupling of two carbene precursors for the synthesis of alkenes is surveyed. The key to selective carbene coupling is the difference in the rate of carbene generation between the two carbene precursors. This strategy requires judicious selection between two carbene precursors as well as fine‐tuning of reaction conditions to obtain the desired chemo‐ and stereoselectivity. These couplings were carried out in the presence and absence of a metal catalyst. The present review describes inter‐ and intramolecular coupling of diazo compounds and cross‐coupling between diazo and non‐diazo compounds.magnified image
Divergent Synthesis of Bisphenols and Diaryl Ethers by Metal Compatible Organocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Boronic Acids
Authors: Gennaiou Kyriaki , Petsi Marina , Kakarikas Basil , Iordanidis Nikos , Zografos Alexandros L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractActivation of dioxygen by monooxygenase enzymes enables the oxidation of a rich variety of substrates mainly due to the compatibility of this process with redox active metals. The current study shows that similarly to monooxygenases, pyrrole‐proline 2,5‐diketopiperazine (DKP) organocatalyst, in the presence of Hantzsch ester and HFIP is compatible with copper(II) salts for the activation of dioxygen. These findings allow to selectively diverge the oxidation profile of boronic acids for the synthesis of phenols, bisphenols and diaryl ethers by DKP‐promoted aerobic oxidation and subsequent metal oxidative‐coupling or Chan‐Lam‐Evans type reaction of the formed phenols.magnified image
Two‐Wave Variable Nanotheranostic Agents for Dual‐Mode Imaging‐Guided Photo‐Induced Triple‐Therapy for Cancer
Authors: Sang Xiao , Gao Tong , Liu Xiaoqing , Shen Yelong , Chang Lili , Fu Shunli , Yang Han , Yang Huizhen , Mu Weiwei , Liang Shuang , Zhang Zipeng , Zhang Na , Liu Yongjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, but its clinical application relies heavily on accurate tumor positioning and effective combination. Nanotheranostics has shown superior application in precise tumor positioning and treatment, bringing potential opportunities for developing novel PTT‐based therapies. Here, a nanotheranostic agent is proposed to enhance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/ near‐infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) imaging‐guided photo‐induced triple‐therapy for cancer. Thermosensitive liposomes co‐loaded with SPIONs/IR780 and Abemaciclib (SIA‐TSLs), peptide ACKFRGD, and click group 2‐cyano‐6‐amino‐benzothiazole (CABT) are co‐modified on the surface of SIA‐TSLs to form SIA‐αTSLs. ACKFRGD can be hydrolyzed to expose the 1, 2‐thiolamino groups in the presence of cathepsin B in tumors, which click cycloaddition with the cyano group on CABT, resulting in the formation of SIA‐αTSLs aggregates. The aggregation of SIA‐αTSLs in tumors enhances the MRI/NIRFI imaging capability and enables precise PTT. Photo‐induced triple‐therapy enhances precision cancer therapy. First, PTT ablates specific tumors and induces ICD via localized photothermal. Second, local tumor heating promotes the rupture of SIA‐αTSLs, which release Abemaciclib to block the tumor cell cycle and inhibit Tregs proliferation. Third, injecting GM‐CSF into tumor tissue leads to recruitment of dendritic cells and initiation of antitumor immunity. Collectively, these results present a promising nanotheranostic strategy for future cancer therapy.
Power‐Efficient and Highly Uniform BiFeO3‐Based Memristors Optimized with TiInSnO Electrode Interfacial Effect
Authors: Xia Qing , Qin Yuxiang , Qiu Peilun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMemristor, processing data storage, and logic operation all‐in‐one, is expected to create a new era of neuromorphic computing and digital logic. Here, this work demonstrates a BiFeO3‐based memristor with Ti‐doped indium tin oxide as the top electrode material, exhibiting high metrics such as a switching voltage of ≈0.15 V, coefficients of variations of low resistance state of ≈0.46% and a large on/off ratio of ≈103. What is more, the device exhibits a power consumption as low as ≈1.02 µW in set process with a self‐compliance current. To elucidate the resistive switching behavior, the role of TiInSnO electrode and the corresponding current conduction mechanism have been thoroughly investigated. In this end, the effect of Ti‐doping on the resistance behavior is demonstrated based on the current fitting analysis and first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory. It is clarified that the doped Ti ions may trap oxygen ions to concentrate around the interface between resistance switching layer and electrode, resulting in more stable and uniform performance. The findings suggest that, with TiInSnO film as the novel electrode of memristors, the present study can offer a significantly promising route to implement low‐power, highly uniform information storage, and neuromorphic computing technology.
Thermal Enhanced Resistive Switching Performance of <100>‐oriented Perovskite [(TZ‐H)2(PbBr4)]n with High Working Temperature: a Triazolium/(PbBr4)n2n– Interfacial Interaction Insight
Authors: Song Kaiyue , Chen Binjun , Lin Xiaoli , Yang Hailong , Liu Yue , Liu Yuanzheng , Li Haohong , Chen Zhirong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite the great progress has been made on device parameters and working mechanism of perovskite‐based memristors, thermal instability under extreme conditions limits their performance, and thermal effect on their resistive switching (RS) characteristics remains unclear. Herein, from the viewpoint of organic/inorganic interfacial interaction in a novel 2D <100>‐oriented perovskite [(TZ‐H)2(PbBr4)]n (TZ = 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole), thermal effect on the RS performance of perovskite‐based memristor is investigated. This FTO/[(TZ‐H)2(PbBr4)]n/Ag memristor can exhibit high thermal tolerance with a working temperature of 170 °C, and the best RS characteristics can be achieved at 140 °C. Mechanistic studies are executed based on X‐ray single structural analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, UV–Vis, and fluorescence. Before the occurrence of phase change below 140 °C (α‐phase), anisotropic lattice expansion illustrated by the weaker inter‐layer NH···Br hydrogen bond, longer layer–layer distances, more distorted PbBr6 octrahedra, larger optical gap, and quenched fluorescence can be beneficial for the trap‐filled limited process. After phase transformation into β‐phase, the breakage of layer–layer interaction and looser layer–layer packing will inhibit the halogen migration, resulting in more space charge limited conduction characters. The unique thermal enhanced RS performance with status monitored by fluorescent chromism can provide a new paradigm for the development of new memristors with highly environmental tolerance.
Uncovering the Solvation Structure of LiPF6‐Based Localized Saturated Electrolytes and Their Effect on LiNiO2‐Based Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Su Laisuo , Zhao Xunhua , Yi Michael , Charalambous Harry , Celio Hugo , Liu Yuanyue , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectrolytes play a critical role in stabilizing highly reactive lithium‐metal anodes (LMAs) and high‐voltage cathodes for rechargeable lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). Localized high concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) have achieved remarkable success in the context of LMBs. However, the state‐of‐the‐art LHCEs are based on LiFSI salt, which is prohibitively expensive. Here, the utility of low‐cost LiPF6 salt in localized saturated electrolytes (LSEs) with a series of solvents and diluents in LMBs with cobalt‐free LiNiO2 cathode is systematically explored. Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the unique solvation structure formed not only changes the distribution of solvents and anions but also alters the atom–atom distances within them, leading to different reduction and oxidation stabilities compared to low‐concentration electrolytes. In addition, LSEs help form LiF‐rich interphase layers on the LMA and LiNiO2 cathode, protecting the electrodes from degradation during cycling. Different LSEs also lead to differences in lithium plating morphology and impedance buildup during cycling, impacting the performance of LMBs. The solvent and diluent must be carefully selected for compatibility with a lithium salt when developing LHCEs and LSEs for LMBs.
Development of an expert consensus checklist for emergency ultrasound
Authors: Bailitz John , O'Brien James , McCauley Matt , Murray David , Jung Christine , Peksa Gary , Gottlieb Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWithin today's competency‐based medical education, traditional set number proficiency benchmarks have been called into question. Checklists may help guide individualized training and standardized outcomes. However, multicenter expert consensus checklists based on established guidelines with supporting validity evidence have not been published for specific emergency ultrasound (EUS) applications. We describe a robust national EUS expert consensus methodology for developing a checklist for the extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma (eFAST examination).MethodsUtilizing the ACEP imaging compendium as a primary reference, 10 national EUS experts iteratively refined and agreed upon a final checklist. To obtain initial reliability and validity evidence, two different EUS experts blinded to resident experience then assessed 24 residents performing an eFAST in a simulated environment. Inter‐rater reliability of the checklist was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Validity was assessed by comparing mean performance with the Student's t‐test and discriminant ability of individual checklist items using item‐total correlation.ResultsThe 10 EUS experts agreed on the final checklist items after two rounds of iterations. When evaluating 24 emergency medicine (EM) PGY‐1 to ‐4 residents, the kappa correlation between two blinded EUS faculty raters was moderate at 0.670. Kappa and agreement were near‐perfect or perfect in right and left chest image optimization, right upper quadrant (RUQ) probe placement, RUQ anatomy identification, and pelvic first‐view anatomy identification. The difference in checklist performance between junior and senior EM residents was significant at −8.1% (p = 0.004). Identification of pelvic structures and placement of the probe for pelvic views were found to have an excellent item‐total correlation with values of >0.4.ConclusionsWe have described a robust national EUS expert consensus methodology for developing an eFAST checklist based on the ACEP imaging guidelines. Based on this encouraging initial reliability and validity evidence, further research and checklist development is warranted for additional EUS applications.
Growth of for‐profit involvement in emergency medicine graduate medical education and association between for‐profit affiliation and resident salary
Authors: Lassner Jared W. , Ahn James , Singh Armaan , Kukulski Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFollowing projections of an emergency medicine (EM) physician oversupply, the growth of EM residency programs affiliated with for‐profit hospitals has been subject to increased attention and speculation. However, essentially no literature exists regarding these programs. Resident pay is one area where these programs could differ from nonprofit‐affiliated programs, as investor obligations could make for‐profit corporations more likely to reduce resident salaries to increase profit margins. Here, we aim to quantify the growth of EM for‐profit affiliated residency programs from 2001–2021 and determine if PGY1 salaries differ between these program types.MethodsMedicare and ACGME accreditation data were used to determine the profit status of hospitals affiliated with EM residency programs. ACGME new accreditation data from 2001–2021 were used to quantify the growth of both for‐profit and nonprofit affiliated programs over this period. We searched program websites and called programs to determine 2021–2022 PGY1 salary. Multiple regression was used to model the relationship between profit status and salary using program characteristic covariates to control for confounding variables.ResultsThe number of EM programs increased from 117 to 276 from 2001–2021 while the number of for‐profit affiliated EM residency programs increased from 1 to 29 during this period. Most (85.7%, [24/29]) for‐profit affiliated programs were accredited from 2016–2021. Mean for‐profit affiliated program salary ($55,658, n = 24) was $3840 lower than mean nonprofit affiliated program salary ($59,498, n = 203). For‐profit affiliation was a significant predictor of lower 2021–2022 PGY1 salary after controlling for other program characteristics using multiple regression ( ß = −1919.88, P = 0.010).ConclusionsWe found a substantial growth of newly ACGME accredited for‐profit affiliated EM residency programs from 2016–2021. We also found for‐profit affiliated programs pay lower PGY1 salaries than nonprofit–affiliated programs after controlling for potential confounding variables, which suggests more oversight over the salary determination process could be necessary to prevent resident underpayment.