bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of early colonoscopy in patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage: Nationwide inpatient analysis in Japan
Authors: Ichita Chikamasa , Nakajima Mikio , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Kaszynski Richard H. , Sasaki Akiko , Miyamoto Yuki , Kondo Yutaka , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Fushimi Kiyohide , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesCurrent guidelines recommend colonoscopy within 24 h for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding; however, the evidence in support for colonic diverticular hemorrhage (CDH) indications remains insufficient. We use a nationwide database to investigate the effectiveness of early colonoscopy for CDH.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database and identified patients who were admitted for CDH from 2010 to 2017. Patients who underwent colonoscopy on the same day of admission (early group) were compared with those who underwent colonoscopy on the next day of admission (elective group). The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, total hospitalization cost, fasting period, and the prevalence of re‐colonoscopy, interventional radiology or abdominal surgery. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for confounders.ResultsWe identified 74,569 eligible patients. Patients were divided into the early (n = 46,759) and elective (n = 27,810) groups. After propensity score matching, 27,696 pairs were generated. In‐hospital mortality did not significantly differ between the two groups (0.49% in the early group vs. 0.41% in the elective group; risk difference 0.08%; 95% confidence interval −0.02 to 0.19; P = 0.14). The early group had a significantly longer length of hospital stay, higher total hospitalization cost, longer fasting period, and higher prevalence of re‐colonoscopy and abdominal surgery.ConclusionsThe effectiveness of early colonoscopy conducted on the same day of admission for CDH could not be confirmed. Early colonoscopy may not result in favorable outcomes in CDH patients.
The home literacy environment mediates effects of socio‐economic status on infant vocabulary development
Authors: Singh Leher , Yeung Wei‐Jun Jean , Cheng Qiqi , Heng Elisa Y‐T 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is well attested that high socio‐economic status (SES) is associated with larger vocabulary size estimates in young children. This has led to growing interest in identifying associations and mechanisms that may contribute to this relationship. In this study, parent‐child reading behaviors were investigated in relation to vocabulary size in a large‐scale study of linguistically and socio‐economically diverse families. This study sampled 902 infants in Singapore, a multilingual society. Both single‐language (dominant and non‐dominant) and dual‐language vocabulary size estimates were obtained and related to family SES, demographic details, and home literacy activities. Results demonstrated that both single‐language (dominant and non‐dominant) and dual‐language infant vocabulary size estimates were predicted by parental education levels. Further analyses revealed that parent‐child book reading activities mediated the relationship between parental education and infant vocabulary size. Findings suggest that shared book reading may narrow effects of socio‐economic disparities on early language development.Research Highlights
Socio‐economic status (SES) was examined in relation to infant vocabulary size in a linguistically and socio‐economically diverse setting.
Mediating effects of the home literacy environment on infant vocabulary size were measured.
Socio‐economic factors, notably parental education, had both direct and indirect effects on vocabulary size.
The home literacy environment mediated effects of SES on infant vocabulary size.
Clinical usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Peña‐Bautista Carmen , Álvarez‐Sánchez Lourdes , Pascual Rosa , Moreno Maria José , Baquero Miguel , Cháfer‐Pericás Consuelo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease that shares clinical features with other dementias. It is important to establish a specific and reliable diagnosis. Nowadays, AD diagnosis is based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. However, the corresponding cut‐offs differ amongst studies. This study aims to evaluate the CSF biomarkers in the AD differential diagnosis.MethodsClinical relevant biomarkers (amyloid β42 (Aβ42), t‐Tau, p‐Tau, amyloid β40 (Aβ40), neurofilament light chain (NfL)) were determined in CSF samples from participants classified as AD (n = 124) and non‐AD (n = 148) patients from the Neurology Unit. They were included and evaluated consecutively (August 2018–October 2020). The clinical utility of these biomarkers was evaluated by AUC‐ROC curves and the corresponding cut‐off points were defined.ResultsThe results showed satisfactory accuracy (AUC‐ROC 0.91 for Aβ42, 0.890 for t‐Tau and 0.933 for p‐Tau); whilst Aβ40 and NfL did not show good discriminatory capacity (AUC‐ROC 0.557 and 0.738, respectively). The ratios Aβ42/Aβ40 and t‐Tau/Aβ42 improved the diagnosis indices of each individual biomarker, with AUC‐ROC of 0.980 and 0.971, respectively. Also, elevated levels of NfL were found in the frontotemporal dementia group compared with the other participant groups.ConclusionsThe ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 showed the highest discriminating capacity between AD and non‐AD patients and might be useful in clinical practice. Regarding NfL, it is not a specific biomarker for AD; however, it might be helpful for the differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia. Nevertheless, further analysis in an external cohort is required in order to validate these results.
Flexible realistic simulation of seizure occurrence recapitulating statistical properties of seizure diaries
Authors: Goldenholz Daniel M. , Westover M. Brandon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveA realistic seizure diary simulator is currently unavailable for many research needs, including clinical trial analysis and evaluation of seizure detection and seizure‐forecasting tools. In recent years, important statistical features of seizure diaries have been characterized. These include (1) heterogeneity of individual seizure frequencies, (2) the relation between average seizure rate and standard deviation, (3) multiple risk cycles, (4) seizure clusters, and (5) limitations on inter‐seizure intervals. The present study unifies these features into a single model.MethodsOur approach, Cyclic Heterogeneous Overdispersed Clustered Open‐source L‐relationship Adjustable Temporally limited E‐diary Simulator (CHOCOLATES) is based on a hierarchical model centered on a gamma Poisson generator with several modifiers. This model accounts for the aforementioned statistical properties. The model was validated by simulating 10 000 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of medication to compare with 23 historical RCTs. Metrics of 50% responder rate (RR50) and median percent change (MPC) were evaluated. We also used CHOCOLATES as input to a seizure‐forecasting tool to test the flexibility of the model. We examined the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for test data with and without cycles and clusters.ResultsThe model recapitulated typical findings in 23 historical RCTs without the necessity of introducing an additional “placebo effect.” The model produced the following RR50 values: placebo: 17 ± 4%; drug 38 ± 5%; and the following MPC values: placebo: 13 ± 6%; drug 40 ± 4%. These values are similar to historical data: for RR50: placebo, 21 ± 10%, drug: 43 ± 13%; and for MPC: placebo: 17 ± 10%, drug: 41 ± 11%. The seizure forecasts achieved an AUC of 0.68 with cycles and clusters, whereas without them the AUC was 0.51.SignificanceCHOCOLATES represents the most realistic seizure occurrence simulator to date, based on observations from thousands of patients in different contexts. This tool is open source and flexible, and can be used for many applications, including clinical trial simulation and testing of seizure‐forecasting tools.
Intranasal Sendai virus‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine using a mouse model
Authors: Morimoto Satoru , Saeki Koichi , Takeshita Masaru , Hirano Kunio , Shirakawa Mariko , Yamada Yumiko , Nakamura Shiho , Ozawa Fumiko , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic remains worldwide. The usefulness of the intranasal vaccine and boost immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has recently received much attention. We developed an intranasal SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine by loading the receptor binding domain of the S protein (S‐RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2 as an antigen into an F‐deficient Sendai virus vector. After the S‐RBD‐Fd antigen with trimer formation ability was intranasally administered to mice, S‐RBD‐specific IgM, IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody titers were increased in serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for 12 weeks. Furthermore, in mice that received a booster dose at week 8, a marked increase in neutralizing antibodies in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was observed at the final evaluation at week 12, which neutralized the pseudotyped lentivirus expressing the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein, indicating the usefulness of the Sendai virus‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 intranasal vaccine.
Flow and Transport Modeling in Heterogeneous Sediments Using an Integral Approach
Authors: Sobhi Gollo Vahid , Broecker Tabea , Lewandowski Jörg , Nützmann Gunnar , Hinkelmann Reinhard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn integral approach which can simultaneously model turbulent flow and transport at the sediment–water interface has been recently developed and validated for homogeneous sediment which was achieved by comparing numerical results to flume experiments on flow and transport over a rippled streambed and through the sediment for neutral, gaining, and losing conditions. In the present study, we validated the approach for heterogeneous conditions by comparing numerical simulations of flow and transport in heterogeneous sediment to analytical solutions as well as flume experiments on flow and transport through rippled streambed consisting of heterogeneous sediment. For this complex setup, simulation and experimental results agree well showing that flow and tracer transport prefer paths through areas with bigger grain diameters and higher porosities. The effect of flow redirections under losing and gaining conditions on hyporheic flow and residence times is discussed.
Early vaccine‐mediated strain‐specific cytokine imbalance induces mild immunopathology during influenza infection
Authors: Bull Maireid B , Ma Fionn NL , Perera Liyanage P , Poon Leo LM , Valkenburg Sophie A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) exist as distinct serological subtypes, with limited antibody cross reactivity compared with T‐cell responses, leading to universal vaccines that elicit robust T‐cell responses entering clinical trials to combat pandemic and zoonotic outbreaks. Previously we have extensively characterized the viral‐vectored universal vaccine, Wyeth/IL‐15/5flu, a group 1 hemagglutinin, H5N1‐based vaccine using a vaccinia backbone with interleukin (IL)‐15. The vaccine elicits robust T‐cell responses to provide heterosubtypic protection from lethal infection; however, we have also observed short‐term morbidity of vaccinated mice with a disparity between the effects of sublethal infection with group 1 and 2 IAV strains. At day 3 of H3N2 (group 2 IAV) infection, there was a heavily skewed T helper type 1 response in vaccinated infected mice with overproduction of cytokines and reduced chemokines, whereas H1N1 (group 1 IAV) infection had increased innate cellular responses. These findings suggest that increased and early immune activation by T‐cell activating vaccines may induce mild immunopathology when there is a mismatch between non‐neutralizing antibody and cross‐reactive memory T‐cell responses leading to exuberant cytokine production. Therefore, to avoid overstimulating proinflammatory immune responses upon infection, universal influenza vaccines that elicit strong T‐cell immunity will need a robust cross‐reactive antibody response.
Testing what we know about coffee volatiles affecting behaviour of Hypothenemus hampei
Authors: de la Rosa‐Cancino Wilmar , Malo Edi A. , Gómez Jaime , Valle‐Mora Javier F. , Barrera Juan F. , Rojas Julio C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), is a major pest of coffee worldwide. CBB females use berry volatiles while searching for hosts. Coffee volatiles can be used for monitoring CBB populations. The main objective of this study was to test under laboratory and field conditions bioactive compounds for H. hampei. In the laboratory, CBB females were attracted to the methanol‐ethanol blend (MEB), but not to methylcyclohexane, ethylbenzene, nonane, methyl salicylate, verbenone, α‐pinene, farnesene, and frontalin compared to clean air. In contrast, CBB females preferred clean air over linalool. Females were attracted to most of the tested compounds combined with the MEB over clean air, except farnesene, α‐pinene, and linalool. Females preferred clean air to α‐pinene or linalool, and they showed no preference for clean air or farnesene. Females also preferred the MEB over linalool, verbenone, α‐pinene, or farnesene when combined with MEB. The combination of tested compounds and the MEB did not increase the capture of CBB in the field. Interestingly, α‐pinene and linalool alone, or combined, inhibited the capture of CBB females and non‐target insects by trapping bait with the MEB. Thus, α‐pinene or linalool can be used in a push‐pull strategy considering the low impact over non‐target insects.
Rubble fields shape planktonic protist communities in Indonesia at a local scale
Authors: Borbee Erin M. , Ayu Inna Puspa , Carvalho Paul , Gelis Ester Restiana Endang , Setiawan Fahkrizal , Subhan Beginer , Humphries Austin T. , Madduppa Hawis , Lane Christopher E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Coral Triangle encompasses nearly 30% of the world's coral reefs and is widely considered the epicenter of marine biodiversity. Destructive fishing practices and natural disturbances common to this region damage reefs leaving behind fields of coral rubble. While the impacts of disturbances in these ecosystems are well documented on metazoans, we have a poor understanding of their impact on microbial communities at the base of the food web. We use metabarcoding to characterize protist community composition in sites of varying fisheries management schemes and benthic profiles across the island of Lombok, Indonesia. Our study shows that rubble coverage and net primary productivity are the strongest explainers of variation in protist communities across Lombok. More specifically, rubble fields are characterized by increases in small heterotrophic protists, including ciliates and cercozoans. In addition to shifts in heterotrophic protist communities, we also observed increases in diatom relative abundance in rubble fields, which corresponded to sites with higher net primary productivity. These results are the first to characterize protist communities in tropical marine rubble fields and provide insight on environmental factors potentially driving these shifts on a local scale.
Feeding and locomotor rhythm of the ornamental cichlid fish Amatitlania sp. in different social groups
Authors: Bahiense Raphael Nogueira , Costa Leandro Santos , de Oliveira Guilherme Helder , de Oliveira Camila Gomes , Prado Verônica Guimarães Landa , Fortes‐Silva Rodrigo , Perez Ribeiro Paula Adriane 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feeding activity and the rhythm of daily locomotor activity of the convict cichlid (Amatitlania sp.) kept in different social groups under a self‐feeding system. A total of 120 animals was distributed among six repetitions of four social groups, as follows: group 1 with one male and one female per tank; group 2 with three males and three females per tank; group 3 with six males per tank; and group 4 with six females per tank. Feeding activity (FA) and locomotor activity (LA) were evaluated using photoelectric presence‐sensors connected to automatic feeders. The fish were fed a commercial extruded diet (46% crude protein and 3600 kcal kg−1 of digestible energy). Animal growth was evaluated for all groups. After 30 days of experimentation, the fish stabilized their demands by adjusting their consumption. Amatitlania sp. showed predominantly diurnal FA and LA. All groups showed a peak of activity when the light was turned on and when it was turned off. In summary, FA and LA of Amatitlania sp. are predominantly diurnal and independent of social group. Pairs and groups of males and females together consume less food in relation to groups of one sex or the other due to reproductive behaviour. On the other hand, groups of only males or females consume more food because they lack reproductive stimuli and thus prioritize growth. These results may support good feeding management practices for this ornamental cichlid. Studies relating feeding behaviour with different social groups are of great importance for determining effective feeding strategies for this species in captivity. Thus, such a study assists in a more efficient production of Amatitlania sp.
Variations in OsSPL10 confer drought tolerance by directly regulating OsNAC2 expression and ROS production in rice
Authors: Li Yingxiu , Han Shichen , Sun Xingming , Khan Najeeb Ullah , Zhong Qun , Zhang Zhanying , Zhang Hongliang , Ming Feng , Li Zichao , Li Jinjie 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTDrought is a major factor restricting the production of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The identification of natural variants for drought stress‐related genes is an important step toward developing genetically improved rice varieties. Here, we characterized a member of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN‐LIKE (SPL) family, OsSPL10, as a transcription factor involved in the regulation of drought tolerance in rice. OsSPL10 appears to play a vital role in drought tolerance by controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and stomatal movements. Haplotype and allele frequency analyses of OsSPL10 indicated that most upland rice and improved lowland rice varieties harbor the OsSPL10Hap1 allele, whereas the OsSPL10Hap2 allele was mainly present in lowland and landrace rice varieties. Importantly, we demonstrated that the varieties with the OsSPL10Hap1 allele showed low expression levels of OsSPL10 and its downstream gene, OsNAC2, which decreases the expression of OsAP37 and increases the expression of OsCOX11, thus preventing ROS accumulation and programmed cell death (PCD). Furthermore, the knockdown or knockout of OsSPL10 induced fast stomatal closure and prevented water loss, thereby improving drought tolerance in rice. Based on these observations, we propose that OsSPL10 confers drought tolerance by regulating OsNAC2 expression and that OsSPL10Hap1 could be a valuable haplotype for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in rice.
Cucumis sativus and Ipomoea purpurea: New hosts for Alternaria hydrangeae in China
Authors: Liu Feng‐Yin , Gou Ya‐Nan , Liu Tong‐Yao , Huang Cheng‐Xin , Deng Jian‐Xin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlternaria leaf spot is a common disease on various plants worldwide. In this study, an Alternaria species, A. hydrangeae causing leaf spot on Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and Ipomoea purpurea in China was identified based on morphology and multi‐locus analysis of the partial ITS, GAPDH, Alt a 1, TEF1, and RPB2 gene regions. The pathogenicity of the present isolates and a representative isolate of A. hydrangeae were assessed on living leaves of C. sativus, I. purpurea and Hydrangea paniculata. Similar symptoms were observed on every plant inoculated with the isolates. The same fungus was re‐isolated from inoculated leaves fulfilling Koch's postulates. Morphology of the original and re‐isolated isolates showed characteristics similar to A. hydrangeae with some variations. Multi‐locus analysis indicated that the present isolate fell into A. hydrangeae clade. This study is the first report of A. hydrangeae as an agent of Alternaria leaf spot in C. sativus and I. purpurea in China, which extends the host range of the fungus.
Recent advances in benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy
Authors: Matsukawa Miho Kawabe , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Tsuji Shoji , Toda Tatsushi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBenign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy (BAFME), also called familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy (FCMTE), autosomal dominant cortical tremor, myoclonus, and epilepsy (ADCME), and familial adult myoclonic epilepsy (FAME) is a disorder characterized by infrequent generalized seizures and tremulous myoclonus with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The diagnosis of BAFME was previously based on clinical features and electrophysiological findings, but genetic analysis is now increasingly becoming important in the diagnosis after identification of repeat expansions; BAFME is caused by expansions of TTTCA and TTTTA repeats in SAMD12 (BAFME1), STARD7 (BAFME2), MARCHF6 (BAFME3), YEATS2 (BAFME4), TNRC6A (BAFME6), or RAPGEF2 (BAFME7). The findings strongly support a concept of “repeat motif–phenotype correlation” which we have proposed previously. Pathologically, BAFME1 patients carrying heterozygous expansions of TTTCA and TTTTA repeats do not show any obvious abnormal neuropathological findings in the central nervous system. These pathological findings, in addition to electrophysiological studies, suggest a dysfunctional neuronal circuit that causes enhanced excitability of the sensorimotor cortex. Autopsied brains of BAFME1 patients showed RNA foci consisting of UUUCA repeats in cortical neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells. These findings suggest that RNA toxicity caused by UUUCA repeat expansions is involved in the pathogenesis of BAFME. Since our discovery of the causative gene for BAFME1, progress has been made in genetic studies of each type of BAFME, as well as in pathogenetic mechanisms of BAFME caused by TTTCA and TTTTA expansions. Here, we present a comprehensive review on recent advances focusing on expanded TTTCA and TTTTA repeats in BAFME.
Music engagement is negatively correlated with depressive symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic via reward‐related mechanisms
Authors: Mas‐Herrero Ernest , Singer Neomi , Ferreri Laura , McPhee Michael , Zatorre Robert J. , Ripollés Pablo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has deeply affected the mental health of millions of people. We assessed which of many leisure activities correlated with positive mental health outputs, with particular attention to music, which has been reported to be important for coping with the psychological burden of the pandemic. Questionnaire data from about 1000 individuals primarily from Italy, Spain, and the United States during May–June 2020 show that people picked music activities (listening to, playing, singing, etc.) most often as the leisure experiences that helped them the most to cope with psychological distress related with the pandemic. During the pandemic, hours of engagement in music and food‐related activities were associated with lower depressive symptoms. The negative correlation between music and depression was mediated by individual differences in sensitivity to reward, whereas the correlation between food‐related activities and improved mental health outputs was explained by differences in emotion suppression strategies. Our results, while correlational, suggest that engaging in music activities could be related to improved well‐being with the underlying mechanism being related to reward, consistent with neuroscience findings. Our data have practical significance in pointing to effective strategies to cope with mental health issues beyond those related to the COVID‐19 pandemic.