bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance PA Nanofiltration Membrane with Coral‐Reef‐Like Morphology atop Polydopamine Decorated EVOH Nanofiber Scaffold
Authors: Ma Siqi , Liu Nian , Cheng Pan , Hu Wei , Jia Xiaodan , Guo Qihao , Xia Ming , Cheng Qin , Liu Ke , Wang Dong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe pursuit of highly permeable thin‐film nanocomposite (TFNC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes with desirable selectivity is an eternal topic for desalination and wastewater treatment. Herein, a facile route to engineer polyamide (PA) NF membranes is reported with a coral‐reef‐like thin PA active layer atop a polydopamine pre‐decorated ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) nanofiber scaffold (EVOH‐PDA) via interfacial polymerization (IP). EVOH‐PDA possesses a submicron pore size and super‐hydrophilic surface, which provides abundant thin water layers covering nanofibers in the IP process resulting in the PA layer with a morphology of coral‐reef‐like highland surrounded by flat low‐lying regions. The resultant NF membrane presents high permeance of 32.19 L m−2h−1bar−1 and high rejection of 96.52% to 1000 ppm Na2SO4 feed solution with a stable performance against operation time and high salt concentration. This work provides a new approach to fabricating PA TFNC membranes with outstanding NF performance in liquid separation applications.
Two Roomtemperature‐stable Trications – Triprotonated Triamino‐ and Tricyanobenzene
Authors: Nitzer Alexander , Hübsch Robert , Jessen Christoph , Kornath Andreas J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProtonation of 1,3,5‐tricyano‐ and 1,3,5‐triaminobenzene was achieved in various superacidic media, resulting in the formation of the respective trinitrilium and triammonium species. Furthermore, the respectiveN‐methyl nitrilium species was synthesized by methylation. Characterization was performed by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, followed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses of selected species. Fourfold protonation of the amine, which would have led to the triammonium arenium species, could not be achieved. Quantum chemical calculations are employed to enable full vibrational assignment as well to quantify charge localization.
New cross‐linked poly(methyl methacrylate): Synthesis, characterization, and inhibitory effects against selected bacteria and cancer cells
Authors: Altowairki Hanan , Basingab Fatemah S. , Abdullah Samaa T. , Hussein Mahmoud A. , Hadjichristidis Nikos , Alkayal Nazeeha S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNovel cross‐linked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) derivatives with different ratios of crosslinkers (2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%) were synthesized using the condensation method between PMMA and bifunctional amino derivative cross‐linkers, o‐phenylenediamine (OPD), and m‐phenylenediamine (MPD). The final products were tested for antibacterial and anticancer activities. Various techniques were used to characterize the cross‐linked polymers. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify interactions between PMMA and diamine derivatives. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the smooth PMMA surface was totally changed after cross‐linking. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results show that when the percentage of cross‐linked PMMA (C‐PMMA) increased, the decomposition temperature at 25%, 50%, and 75% weight loss increased. C‐PMMA/2% OPD, C‐PMMA/20% OPD, and C‐PMMA/20% MPD have an antibacterial effect on both Escherichia coli (gram‐negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram‐positive) with an inhibitory zone ranged from 9 to 16 mm. In addition, C‐PMMA/2% OPD showed anticancer activities, reducing the number of HepG2 cancer cells significantly. A positive correlation between the concentrations of the product and the reduction of HepG2 cells has been detectedr.
pH responsive, reversible photo‐crosslinkable micelle in layer‐by‐layer assembly—Study on film growth and drug delivery behavior
Authors: Song Yilin , Jin Shuqing , Fu Ke , Ji Jian , Shen Liyan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLayer‐by‐layer multilayered film has been creating great opportunities in developing controlled drug and other bioactive molecular delivery system. In this work, coumarin bearing micelles of poly(acrylic acid‐coumarin methacrylate) is first synthesized in a one‐step copolymerization and the reversible photo‐crosslinkable multilayers containing coumarin groups are then fabricated via layering the micelles with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The film growth behavior of polyetheleneimine/poly(acrylic acid‐coumarin methacrylate) (PEI/P(AA‐r‐CMA)) multilayer is found to rely on deposit solution pH. Increasing PEI solution pH and decreasing P(AA‐r‐CMA) pH can greatly accelerate film growing process. This is explained by PEI diffusivity and destabilization of P(AA‐r‐CMA) micelle at solution/multilayer interface. Nile red (NR) is loaded into the film as a model drug via simple post diffusion driven by hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, photo‐crosslink and decrosslink of PEI/P(AA‐r‐CMA) film is achieved by irradiating the films with light of 365 and 254 nm wavelength, respectively, which therefore ensures the possibility of fine control over drug delivery procedure.
A reassessment of the fungicidal efficacy of 1,3‐dichloropropene, chloropicrin, and metam potassium against Macrophomina phaseolina in strawberry
Authors: Baggio Juliana S , Cordova Leandro G , Toledo Beatriz F , Noling Joseph W , Peres Natalia A 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effectiveness of metam potassium, 1,3‐dichloropropene, chloropicrin, and different ratios of 1,3‐dichloropropene and chloropicrin on the reduction of natural and artificial inoculum of Macrophomina phaseolina were investigated in laboratory and field experiments. Additionally, a multivariate meta‐analysis with data from six field trials conducted in Florida from 2012 to 2018 was performed.RESULTSIn small‐plot field experiments using drip stakes, the highest rate (468 L ha−1) of metam potassium was most effective in controlling M. phaseolina in infected crowns buried at 15.2 cm from the point of fumigant injection, whereas none of the rates was able to reduce inoculum buried at 30.5 cm. In closed‐container experiments, use of the highest rate of 1,3‐dichloropropene (168 kg ha−1) resulted in the highest level of pathogen control. Different rates of chloropicrin also reduced inoculum when compared to the non‐treated control. 1,3‐dichloropropene + chloropicrin at different ratios were also highly effective in controlling M. phaseolina. Results from the meta‐analysis of open‐field experiments indicated that metam potassium and 1,3‐dichloropropene + chloropicrin (63:35, v:v) treatments were significantly more effective in reducing M. phaseolina than the 1,3‐dichloropropene + chloropicrin (39:60, v:v) treatment; however, metam potassium was not as effective at the side of the beds.CONCLUSION1,3‐dichloropropene alone and in mixture with chloropicrin were more effective in reducing inoculum of M. phaseolina than chloropicrin alone, indicating the fungicidal efficacy of 1,3‐dichloropropene. Formulation with higher 1,3‐dichloropropene concentration performed better than the formulation with higher chloropicrin concentration in field trials. Metam potassium was effective when applied at the highest rate, but with limited lateral movement perpendicular to the drip irrigation line. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Boundary control of a coupled Burgers' PDE‐ODE system
Authors: Hasan Agus , Tang Shu‐Xia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article presents a result of stabilization of a coupled partial differential equation (PDE) and ordinary differential equation (ODE) system through boundary control. The PDE is the Burgers' equation, which is a widely considered nonlinear PDE, partially due to its low order and partially due to its structure analogous to the Navier–Stokes equation, which describes fluid dynamics. The controller we employ for stabilizing this system was first developed from the boundary control problem of the corresponding linearized system, based on an infinite‐dimensional backstepping transformation. The stabilization result is achieved using only one boundary measurement and one boundary control. Numerical simulations show the boundary control law can be used to stabilize the system.
Lateralized ante mortem and post mortem pathology in a case of Lewy body disease with corticobasal syndrome
Authors: Coughlin David G. , Coslett H. Branch , Peterson Claire , Phillips Jeffrey S. , McMillan Corey , Lee Edward B. , Trojanowski John Q. , Grossman Murray , Irwin David J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionLewy body diseases are pathologically characterized by α‐synuclein pathology. Alzheimer's disease (AD) co‐pathology can influence phenotypes. In vivo AD biomarkers can suggest the presence of this co‐pathology in unusual cases, but pathological validation remains essential.MethodsThis patient originally presented with corticobasal syndrome and later developed visual hallucinations and parkinsonism consistent with a synucleinopathy. The patient underwent CSF sampling, 18F‐flortaucipir PET scanning, and brain donation with bilateral regions available for digital histological analysis.ResultsCSF Aβ42 and t‐tau were in the AD range. 18F‐flortaucipir scanning showed right‐lateralized retention in all lobes (t = 4.3‐10.0, P < .006). Neocortical stage Lewy body pathology and high levels of AD neuropathological changes were present at autopsy. There was right lateralization of α‐synuclein and tau pathology (T value = 3.1, P value = .007 and T value = 3.3, P value = .004 respectively).DiscussionThis case with overlapping tauopathy and synucleinopathy clinical features had in‐depth biomarker characterization and rare bilateral post‐mortem sampling showing lateralized tau and α‐synuclein pathology suggesting possible synergistic relationships.
Teaching Successful Student Collaboration Within the Context of Biological Experimentation
Authors: Johnson Kathryn M. S. , Pelzel Heather R. , Mantina Namoonga M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCollaboration is essential to modern biological research, and the ability for scientists to be an effective member of a diverse team is critical for professional and personal growth. Modeling collaborative research in an undergraduate course provides an opportunity for students to learn how to navigate inclusive collaborations successfully. Undergraduate biology students have likely never engaged in collaborative research prior to starting their coursework, and it may be the first time students are working with individuals from different racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and religious backgrounds. For students to become successful research collaborators, educators must provide a framework for students to recognize their own assets and appreciate the contributions of all stakeholders. Here we provide a narrative demonstrating challenges to student research collaboration, an analysis of these challenges, and specific recommendations for teaching effective collaboration.
Partial reduction and cosmology at defect brane
Authors: Wang Zhi , Xu Zekun , Zhou Shuyan , Zhou Yang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Partial reduction is a Karch-Randall reduction for only part of the AdS region between finite tension brane and zero tension brane. This is interesting in AdS/BCFT where the AdS bulk contains a defect brane. We employ partial reduction for a AdS bulk with a brane evolving as a 2d Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmology and demonstrate the equivalence between defect extremal surface and island formula for a large subregion fine grained entropy in boundary CFT. We then move to higher dimensions and demonstrate the existence of 4d massless graviton on AdS4 brane in partial reduction. We also propose a partial reduction for a 4d FRW cosmology at defect brane and obtain the Newton constant by computing boundary entropy.
Alien flora in Calabria (Southern Italy): an updated checklist
Authors: Spampinato Giovanni , Laface Valentina Lucia Astrid , Posillipo Giandomenico , Cano Ortiz Ana , Quinto Canas Ricardo , Musarella Carmelo Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn updated checklist of the Calabrian alien vascular flora is presented. By way of field, bibliographic, and herbarium research, we recorded 382 alien taxa (representing almost 14% of all regional flora), of which 371 are angiosperms, nine gymnosperms, and two ferns. In relation to the state of spread, the majority of alien species are casual (207 taxa; 54%), followed by naturalized (127; 33%) and invasive (48; 13%), these last include four on the list of Union Concern,sensuRegulation (EU) no. 1143/2014. The most represented families are Asteraceae (39 taxa) and Poaceae (39). Among genera,Amaranthus(nine taxa),Prunus,Euphorbia, andOxalis(seven taxa) make up those with the greatest number of taxa. A total of 21 taxa were reported for the first time, three of them are new to the European flora (Camptosema rubicundum, Musa ×paradisiacaand, only for continental Europe,Ipomoea hederacea), two to the Italian peninsula (Pelargonium graveolens, Schinus terebinthifolia) and 16 to the Calabrian flora (Aeonium arboreum, Asparagus asparagoides, Aspidistra elatior, Bidens sulphurea, Catalpa bignonioides, Citrus ×aurantium, Crassula ovata, Cucurbita ficifolia, Dimorphotheca ecklonis, Graptopetalum paraguayensesubsp.paraguayense, Kalanchoë laxiflora, Nicotiana tabacum, Phytolacca dioica,Portulaca umbraticola, Talinum paniculatum, Tecomaria capensis). In terms of residence status, there are 291 neophytes (76%), 73 archaeophytes (19%), and 18 regional aliens (5%); neophytes are the most represented group (45 out of 48) among invasive taxa. Concerning life forms, the two most abundant groups are therophytes (30.1%, 115 taxa) and phanerophytes (29.6%, 113 taxa). Regarding habitats, 72% of alien taxa occur in artificial (199 taxa, 52%) and agricultural habitats (75 taxa, 20%). The majority of alien taxa are native to the Americas (159; 41.6%), numerous aliens also originated in Asia (76; 19.9%) and Africa (56; 14.7%). The majority of taxa were introduced for ornamental purposes (55%). Over the past decade, alien taxa in the flora in Calabria have increased from 190 to the current 382 taxa. While this trend could be linked to some extent to increasing awareness of the problem of alien species and the increasing intensity of research over recent decades, it is also most probably due to new introductions resulting from the globalization that relentlessly affects the whole planet.
Planococcus ficus and the spread of grapevine leafroll disease in vineyards: a 30-year-long case study in north-West Spain
Authors: Cabaleiro Cristina , Pesqueira Ana M. , Segura Antonio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe mealybug Planococcus ficus is one of the main vectors of Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3), which was commonly detected in cv “Albariño” planting material before certified stock was available. Mealybug infestations were rare in vineyards in southern Galicia (NW Spain) during the 1990s (2.2% of the vineyards surveyed) and are still rare in inland zones. However, mealybug infestations have spread since 2000, with 15% of surveyed vineyards infested in 2004 and 80% of surveyed vineyards infested in 2016. The spatial and temporal distributions of plants infected with GLRaV-3 were quantified over a 30-year period in an experimental plot established in 1989. The disease progress curve (DPC) was linear for 25 years, with a slow constant rate of spread of less than one newly infected plant per year (0.6%). Since 1992, >82% of infected plants were located on the west side of the plot as were 84% of newly infected plants. Newly infected plants were in contact with infected plants, suggesting vector-mediated transmission, but no potential vectors were found. In 2013, a small mealybug infestation was detected and identified as Pl. ficus. Between 2014 and 2016, the infection rate increased to >21% per year, and in 2019 all plants tested positive for GLRaV-3. This is a valuable case study illustrating how changes to the vector fauna can increase the rate of spread of an economically important virus of grapevine.
Confirmation by Robustness Analysis: A Bayesian Account
Authors: Casini Lorenzo , Landes Jürgen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSome authors claim that minimal models have limited epistemic value (Fumagalli, 2016; Grüne-Yanoff, 2009a). Others defend the epistemic benefits of modelling by invoking the role of robustness analysis for hypothesis confirmation (see, e.g., Levins, 1966; Kuorikoski et al., 2010) but such arguments find much resistance (see, e.g., Odenbaugh & Alexandrova, 2011). In this paper, we offer a Bayesian rationalization and defence of the view that robustness analysis can play a confirmatory role, and thereby shed light on the potential of minimal models for hypothesis confirmation. We illustrate our argument by reference to a case study from macroeconomics. At the same time, we also show that there are cases in which robustness analysis is detrimental to confirmation. We characterize these cases and link them to recent investigations on evidential variety (Landes, 2020b, 2021; Osimani and Landes, forthcoming). We conclude that robustness analysis over minimal models can confirm, but its confirmatory value depends on concrete circumstances.
Experimental Aesthetics and Conceptual Engineering
Authors: Torregrossa Clotilde 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExperimental Philosophy (X-Phi) is now a fully-fledged methodological project with applications in almost all areas of analytic philosophy, including, as of recently, aesthetics. Another methodological project which has been attracting attention in the last few years is conceptual engineering (CE). Its areas of implementation are now diverse, but as was the case initially with experimental philosophy, aesthetics has unfortunately been left out (or perhaps aestheticians have failed to pay attention to CE) until now. In this paper, I argue that if conceptual engineers are interested in expanding their project to the field of aesthetics, which would greatly benefit the field, then they should rely on the existing experimental work of aestheticians. Experimental philosophers have only recently started to join forces with conceptual engineers in various fields, as well as to explore the methodological implications of such an alliance. This paper goes a step further by not only arguing that CE has potential in aesthetics, but that the way to realize this potential is to piggyback, so to speak, on the work of experimental aestheticians. In other words, instead of building a CE project in aesthetics from the ground up, this paper describes the support that CE can and should derive from current experimental aesthetics, thereby making the former’s development more efficiently realizable. Furthermore, I argue that doing so would also be beneficial to experimental aesthetics. Currently, the integration of X-Phi to the wider field of aesthetics is losing ground because certain objections—notably, the objection that X-Phi cannot be of relevance to normative questions—have not been properly refuted. By pairing up with a normative programme like CE, though, experimental aestheticians should finally be able to put these objections to rest.
Data-driven dynamic causality analysis of industrial systems using interpretable machine learning and process mining
Authors: Nadim Karim , Ragab Ahmed , Ouali Mohamed-Salah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe complexity of industrial processes imposes a lot of challenges in building accurate and representative causal models for abnormal events diagnosis, control and maintenance of equipment and process units. This paper presents an innovative data-driven causality modeling approach using interpretable machine learning and process mining techniques, in addition to human expertise, to efficiently and automatically capture the complex dynamics of industrial systems. The approach tackles a significant challenge in the causality analysis community, which is the discovery of high-level causal models from low-level continuous observations. It is based on the exploitation of event data logs by analyzing the dependency relationships between events to generate accurate multi-level models that can take the form of various state-event diagrams. Highly accurate and trustworthy patterns are extracted from the original data using interpretable machine learning integrated with a model enhancement technique to construct event data logs. Afterward, the causal model is generated from the event log using the inductive miner technique, which is one of the most powerful process mining techniques. The causal model generated is a Petri net model, which is used to infer causality between important events as well as a visualization tool for real-time tracking of the system’s dynamics. The proposed causality modeling approach has been successfully tested based on a real industrial dataset acquired from complex equipment in a Kraft pulp mill located in eastern Canada. The generated causality model was validated by ensuring high model fitness scores, in addition to the process expert’s validation of the results.
Characterization of hv-Convex Sequences
Authors: Dulio Paolo , Frosini Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReconstructing a discrete object by means of X-rays along a finite set U of (discrete) directions represents one of the main task in discrete tomography. Indeed, it is an ill-posed inverse problem, since different structures exist having the same projections along all lines whose directions range in U. Characteristic of ambiguous reconstructions are special configurations, called switching components, whose understanding represents a main issue in discrete tomography, and an independent interesting geometric problem as well. The investigation of switching component usually bases on some kind of prior knowledge that is incorporated in the tomographic problem. In this paper, we focus on switching components under the constraint of convexity along the horizontal and the vertical directions imposed to the unknown object. Moving from their geometric characterization in windows and curls, we provide a numerical description, by encoding them as special sequences of integers. A detailed study of these sequences leads to the complete understanding of their combinatorial structure, and to a polynomial-time algorithm that explicitly reconstructs any of them from a pair of integers arbitrarily given.
Explaining short text classification with diverse synthetic exemplars and counter-exemplars
Authors: Lampridis Orestis , State Laura , Guidotti Riccardo , Ruggieri Salvatore 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present xspells, a model-agnostic local approach for explaining the decisions of black box models in classification of short texts. The explanations provided consist of a set of exemplar sentences and a set of counter-exemplar sentences. The former are examples classified by the black box with the same label as the text to explain. The latter are examples classified with a different label (a form of counter-factuals). Both are close in meaning to the text to explain, and both are meaningful sentences – albeit they are synthetically generated. xspells generates neighbors of the text to explain in a latent space using Variational Autoencoders for encoding text and decoding latent instances. A decision tree is learned from randomly generated neighbors, and used to drive the selection of the exemplars and counter-exemplars. Moreover, diversity of counter-exemplars is modeled as an optimization problem, solved by a greedy algorithm with theoretical guarantee. We report experiments on three datasets showing that xspells outperforms the well-known lime method in terms of quality of explanations, fidelity, diversity, and usefulness, and that is comparable to it in terms of stability.