bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A micro-remote centered compliance suspension for contact recording head (abstract)
Authors: Nakao M. , Sugiyama S. , Hatamura Y. , Hamaguchi T. , Watanabe K. 
Published: July 2002

Nowadays contact recording has become one of the most important mechanisms for high-density recording of HDD. The contact recording head is always subject to friction when sliding. If the friction causes vibration on the sliding head, the swaying of the head is likely to lead to some undesirable bit shifts. The authors previously measured the head movement in sliding with a Watrous-type suspension where it was verified that the front edge of the head fell down to the disk surface because the rotational center of the pitching motion of the head was located above the sliding surface, inducing a heavy sticking. In order to prevent the sticking from occurring, we have already proposed RCC (remote centered compliance) suspension (15 mm in thickness) which consists of a pair of inclined plates. With this suspension, the front edge of the head is raised up because of the enhanced location of the rotational center which is now below the sliding surface. In this article we present a newly designed micro-RCC suspension (125 μm in thickness) for an acutal small MR head (1×1×0.5 mm) of the contact recording. It has two pairs of the inclined plates structure for two-axis frictions which are caused by seeking and tracking motions of the head, respectively.
This suspension is fabricated from a 125 μm thick sheet of polyimide using the ultraviolet laser beam. We evaluate its movement in sliding at low speed (50 μm/s) and at high speed (2 m/s) under a 10 mN load on a sputtered disk, respectively. The normal and frictional forces are measured by a micro two-axis force sensor (0.01 mN resolution) with parallel-plate structure and the pitching motion of the head is measured by an inclination sensor by means of laser reflection angle measurement (10 μrad resolution). From the experiment at low speed, we have clarified that the head yields a stable friction (0.15±0.02 mN) and has the nose-up attitude (0 to + 100 μrad). In addition, from the evaluation at high speed, we have observed the stable read-back signal (±7% modulation) because of the stable motion without any sticking. As a reference suspension, we prepare a micro-Winchester-type suspension. From the similar evaluation, we have identified that the reference head shows unstable friction (0.25±0.1 mN) with the nose-down attitude (0 to −500 μrad) and an unstable signal (±50% modulation). We have confirmed through these observations that the micro-RCC suspension will be an indispensable tool for contact recording in order to realize a stable recording against the friction.
Diagrammatic theory of temperature-dependent resonance Raman scattering from polyatomic systems with general harmonic potential surfaces
Authors: Tonks D. L. , Page John B. 
Published: July 2002

A detailed derivation and discussion is given of our diagrammatic theory of temperature-dependent resonance Raman (RR) scattering and the optical absorption for multimode systems having general quadratic plus linear electron-vibrational coupling. By combining the time-correlator reformulation of RR scattering with suitably developed nonzero temperature many-body diagrammatic techniques, we obtain the RR excitation profiles and the absorption as one-dimensional Fourier transforms of analytic expressions involving just the model parameters and the temperature. The expressions are very convenient for explicit multimode model calculations. In addition, the theory brings out in a natural way the relation between RR profiles and the absorption, such that within well-defined special cases useful ‘‘transform’’ techniques can
be developed for computing profiles directly from the observed temperature-dependent absorption. The many practical advantages of the theory for the analysis of experimental data have been demonstrated in earlier papers dealing with specific systems. In this paper we provide a comprehensive discussion of the theoretical details, which have not been given previously. The theory applies for any number of normal modes, and for arbitrary normal coordinate mixing, mode frequency shifts, and atomic equilibrium position shifts under electronic excitaiton. It involves products of phonon operators having both positive and negative time ordering, necessitating specialized combinatorial arguments. The use of an appropriate linked cluster expansion is shown to lead very naturally to a separation of the RR scattering into ‘‘orders,’’ which is the essential component producing the important general features listed above.Detailed derivations are given of the exact expressions for the first-order RR profiles in the most general model, and for first- , second- , and third-order profiles in the frequency-shift limit of no mode mixing. The latter formulas are recast into their absorption→profile ‘‘transform’’ versions, and these are simplified to more useful approximate forms for the practically important special case of small frequency shifts. Renormalizations of the linear electron-vibrational coupling parameters due both to mode mixing and to frequency shifts are also briefly discussed.
Author's editors: facilitators of science information transfer
Authors: Shashok Karen 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTI set out to describe the multifaceted role of author's editors in scientific‐technical‐medical (STM) information transfer. Help with manuscript preparation is only part of the picture; author's editors deal with many other formats for information transfer in addition to manuscripts that report original research. They may advise authors on publication ethics, peer review, and the publication process. They may work individually with authors, or as part of a writing and documentation team. They may act as the author's mentor and advocate when circumstances threaten authors' rights or dilute their responsibilities as communicators of science. Up to now author's editors have generally remained anonymous, but I conclude that recent developments in authorship policy may give more credit and public acknowledgement to the valuable part they play in the process of communicating scientific research. I also suggest that their close interaction with the producers, distributors, and consumers of STM information puts them in a prime position to contribute to research aimed at identifying and correcting deficiencies in current publication processes.
Disparities in the Inclusion of Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups and Older Adults in Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Riaz Irbaz Bin , Islam Mahnoor , Ikram Waleed , Naqvi Syed Arsalan Ahmed , Maqsood Hamza , Saleem Yusra , Riaz Anum , Ravi Praful , Wang Zhen , Hussain Syed A. , Warner Jeremy Lyle , Odedina Folakemi T. , Duma Narjust , Singh Parminder , Kehl Kenneth L. , Kamran Sophia C. , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Landman Adam , Van Allen Eliezer , Bryce Alan Haruo 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceProstate cancer (PCa) is marked by disparities in clinical outcomes by race, ethnicity, and age. Equitable enrollment in clinical trials is fundamental to promoting health equity.ObjectiveTo evaluate disparities in the inclusion of racial and ethnic minority groups and older adults across PCa clinical trials.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to identify primary trial reports from each database's inception through February 2021. Global incidence in age subgroups and US population-based incidence in racial and ethnic subgroups were acquired from the Global Burden of Disease and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 21 incidence databases respectively.Study SelectionAll phase 2/3 randomized PCa clinical trials were eligible for age disparity analyses. Trials recruiting exclusively from the US were eligible for primary racial and ethnic disparity analyses.Data Extraction and SynthesisThis study was reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEnrollment incidence ratios (EIRs), trial proportions (TPs) of participants 65 years or older or members of a racial and ethnic subgroup divided by global incidence in the corresponding age group, or US population–based incidence in the corresponding racial and ethnic subgroup, were calculated. Meta-regression was used to explore associations between trial characteristics and EIRs and trends in EIRs during the past 3 decades.ResultsOf 9552 participants among trials reporting race, 954 (10.8%) were African American/Black, 80 (1.5%) were Asian/Pacific Islander, and 8518 (78.5) were White. Of 65 US trials, 45 (69.2%) reported race and only 9 (13.8%) reported data on all 5 US racial categories. Of 286 global trials, 75 (26.2%) reported the enrollment proportion of older adults. Outcomes by race and age were reported in 2 (3.1%) and 41 (15.0%) trials, respectively. Black (EIR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59-0.83) and Hispanic (EIR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59-0.83) patients were significantly underrepresented in US trials. There was no disparity in older adult representation (TP, 21 143 [71.1%]; EIR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.95-1.05). The representation of Black patients was lower in larger trials (meta-regression coefficient, −0.06; 95% CI, −0.10 to −0.02; P = .002).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this meta-analysis suggest that Black and Hispanic men are underrepresented in trials compared with their share of PCa incidence. The representation of Black patients has consistently remained low during the past 2 decades.
Silk Fibroin as Sustainable Advanced Material: Material Properties and Characteristics, Processing, and Applications
Authors: Reizabal Ander , Costa Carlos M. , Pérez‐Álvarez Leyre , Vilas‐Vilela Jose L. , Lanceros‐Méndez S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiobased resources are proposed as next‐generation materials for advanced application. Among them, silk fibroin, a protein‐based material generally obtained from Bombyx mori cocoons, is considered to play an increasing role in the development of a more sustainable generation of devices. In this review, the silk fibroin molecular structure and its original properties are presented, together with a wide overview of the available modifications and processing methods to reach custom structural and functional variations.
Redox Modulatory Cu(II)‐Baicalein Microflowers Prepared in One Step Effectively Promote Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Liu Kaijing , Liu Limei , Guo Haoyang , Xu Rong , Liang Xiaoyu , Chen Youlu , Li Huiyang , Fu Xue , Wang Xiaoli , Chen Houzao , Li Yongjun , Yang Jing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in multiple cellular processes, and an imbalance in redox homeostasis gives rise to diseases, therefore, reestablishing redox homeostasis is a way to cure. Here, copper‐based metal‐organic networks (Cu‐MON) are generated by one‐step reaction using anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant baicalein as organic ligand and pro‐angiogenic copper as metal ions. Phosphate buffered saline is required for triggering Cu‐MON formation, and baicalein regulates the morphology and particle size of Cu‐MON. Cu‐MON are composed of Cu‐baicalein complexes (82.08 wt%) and Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O (17.92 wt%), thus exhibit a variable catalase‐like activity against different H2O2 levels due to the reversible change between Cu2+/Cu1+/Cu0 species. Intramuscular injection of Cu‐MON significantly increases blood flow of ischemic limb in diabetic mice, enhances the relative activities of redox‐related enzymes in ischemic muscle, thus effectively ameliorating the oxidative damage. Taken together, through moderate and dynamic “precise homeostasis regulation of cells,” Cu‐MON can be an efficient therapeutic strategy for peripheral arterial disease with diabetic complications.
Biomimetic Nanovaccines Potentiating Dendritic Cell Internalization via CXCR4‐Mediated Macropinocytosis
Authors: Yang Chao , Zhang Fan , Chen Fangman , Chang Zhimin , Zhao Yuewu , Shao Dan , Sun Wen , Dong Wen‐fei , Wang Zheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough targeted delivery of nanoparticulate vaccines to dendritic cells (DCs) holds tremendous potential, it still faces insufficient internalization and endosome degradation via the receptor‐mediated endocytosis pathway. Inspired by the advantages of CXC‐chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)‐mediated macropinocytosis in the internalization of DCs, a multifunctional vaccine is constructed based on a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive nanoparticulate core and macropinocytosis‐inducing peptide‐fused cancer membrane shell, allowing the direct cytosolic delivery of cancer membrane‐associated antigen and a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, cGAMP for highly efficient cancer immunotherapy. The biomimetic nanovaccines show a dramatically enhanced cellular uptake by DCs via CXCR4‐mediated macropinocytosis. Such a direct delivery process promotes cytosolic release of cGAMP in response to ROS, and together promoted DC maturation and T cell priming by activating the STING pathway. Consequently, the biomimetic nanovaccines not only result in a great tumor rejection in prophylactic B16‐F10 melanoma murine model, but also markedly suppress the growth of established melanoma tumors when combined with anti‐PD‐1 checkpoint blockade. This study advances the design of biomimetic nanovaccines and provides a promising strategy for macropinocytosis‐mediated cancer vaccination.
Macromolecular NO‐Donor Micelles for Targeted and Augmented Chemotherapy against Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Zhao Bingbing , Zou Junhui , Yang Jiachen , Yang Lifen , Zhang Junmei , Chen Wei , Huang Dechun , Zhong Yinan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMitoxantrone (MTO) is clinically utilized for treating hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (PCa), however, the therapeutic outcome is far from optimal due to the lack of proper drug carrier as well as the inherent MTO detoxification mechanisms of DNA lesion repair and anti‐oxidation. Herein, a bombesin‐installed nanoplatform combining the chemotherapeutic MTO and the chemotherapeutic sensitizer of nitric oxide (NO) is developed based on MTO‐loaded macromolecular NO‐donor‐containing polymeric micelles (BN‐NMMTO) for targeted NO‐sensitized chemotherapy against PCa. BN‐NMMTO actively target and accumulates in PCa sites and are internalized into the tumor cells. The macromolecular NO‐donor of BN‐NMMTO undergoes a reductive reaction to unleash NO upon intracellular glutathione (GSH), accompanying by micelle swelling and MTO release. The targeted intracellular MTO release induces DNA lesion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tumor cells without damage to the normal cells, and MTO's cytotoxicity is further augmented by NO release via the inhibition of both DNA repair and anti‐oxidation pathways as compared with traditional MTO therapies.
A Versatile and Low‐Cost Polymer Donor Based on 4‐Chlorothiazole for Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Shao Yiming , Gao Yuan , Sun Rui , Zhang Meimei , Min Jie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBenefiting from the emergence of narrow‐band‐gap small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs), especially “Y” series, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) is rapidly improved. However, polymer donors with high efficiency, easy synthesis, and good universality are relatively scarce except PBDB‐TF and D18. Herein, two polymer donors are designed and synthesized based on 4‐chlorothiazole derivatives with simple structures, namely PTz3Cl and PBTTz3Cl. The OSCs based on PBTTz3Cl with slightly weaker intermolecular forces in comparison to PTz3Cl exhibits a decent PCE of 18.38% in blending with SMA L8‐BO, owing to its strong donor/acceptor interaction with L8‐BO, which shapes suitable phase separation morphology. Further research finds that PBTTz3Cl can exhibit excellent photovoltaic performances with various SMA materials, highlighting its universality. Based on this, ternary PSCs are designed where BTP‐eC9 is introduced as a guest into the PBTTz3Cl:L8‐BO host system. Thanks to further optimal blend morphology and more balanced charge transport, the PCE is improved up to 19.12%, which is among the highest values for PSCs. This work provides a new design of low‐cost electron‐deficient units for constructing highly versatile, high‐performance polymer donors.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Cascade Phosphinoylation/Cyclization of Phenacylmalononitriles with SecondaryH‐phosphine Oxides
Authors: Xiong Biquan , Shi Chonghao , Xu Weifeng , Liu Yu , Zhu Longzhi , Tang Ke‐Wen , Yin Shuang‐Feng , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe visible‐light‐induced synthesis of 5‐phosphoryl‐functionalized pyrroles has been established by eosin Y catalysis, and different electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing group substituted secondaryH‐phosphine oxides and phenacylmalononitriles showed good reactivity toward the reaction, affording the cascade phosphinoylation/cyclization products in 82–98% yields via P−C/C−N annulation. Step‐by‐step control experiments and31P NMR tracking experiments were further performed to gain the insights of the plausible reaction mechanism and kinetic reaction process. This reaction may have implications for the construction of C(sp2)−P bonds in organophosphorus chemistry.magnified image
Micro‐Topographies Induce Epigenetic Reprogramming and Quiescence in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Vermeulen Steven , Van Puyvelde Bart , Bengtsson del Barrio Laura , Almey Ruben , van der Veer Bernard K. , Deforce Dieter , Dhaenens Maarten , de Boer Jan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiomaterials can control cell and nuclear morphology. Since the shape of the nucleus influences chromatin architecture, gene expression and cell identity, surface topography can control cell phenotype. This study provides fundamental insights into how surface topography influences nuclear morphology, histone modifications, and expression of histone‐associated proteins through advanced histone mass spectrometry and microarray analysis. The authors find that nuclear confinement is associated with a loss of histone acetylation and nucleoli abundance, while pathway analysis reveals a substantial reduction in gene expression associated with chromosome organization. In light of previous observations where the authors found a decrease in proliferation and metabolism induced by micro‐topographies, they connect these findings with a quiescent phenotype in mesenchymal stem cells, as further shown by a reduction of ribosomal proteins and the maintenance of multipotency on micro‐topographies after long‐term culture conditions. Also, this influence of micro‐topographies on nuclear morphology and proliferation is reversible, as shown by a return of proliferation when re‐cultured on a flat surface. The findings provide novel insights into how biophysical signaling influences the epigenetic landscape and subsequent cellular phenotype.
In Situ TEM Observation of Electron‐Beam‐Induced Microstructural Evolution in van der Waals Layered Magnetic CrSBr Semiconductor
Authors: Deng Hao‐Wen , Tseng Yi‐Tang , Lee Mu‐Pai , Lin Yen‐Fu , Wu Wen‐Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCrSBr is a recently developed 2D van der Waals (vdW) magnet. However, this development is still in its infancy, and hence, there has been limited relevant research so far. In this study, ultrathin CrSBr is first prepared via blue‐tape‐based mechanical exfoliation. Subsequently, Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses are performed to obtain detailed information on the chemical structure. The thickness of most exfoliated samples measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM) is ≈1.6–6.5 nm corresponding to 2–8 layers. Notably, high‐resolution images of CrSBr atomic structures are seldom observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Atomic‐thick CrSBr is extremely beam‐sensitive, and hence, it is easily damaged under e‐beam irradiation. Nevertheless, e‐beam damage provides an opportunity to study the structural properties of CrSBr. Different types of knock‐on effects are recorded and further analyzed using atomic‐scale imaging. Furthermore, the high‐resolution TEM images show that the unique atomic stepped boundary is consistent with the orthorhombic slip system. The recrystallization process of CrSBr and the formation/refilling of the nanoholes are recorded via in situ TEM. These findings deepen the understanding of the fundamental insight into 2D vdW magnetic semiconductors and pave the way for next‐generation spin‐based electronics.
In‐season crop phenology using remote sensing and model‐guided machine learning
Authors: Worrall George , Judge Jasmeet , Boote Kenneth , Rangarajan Anand 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccurate in‐season crop phenology estimation (CPE) using remote sensing (RS)‐based machine‐learning methods is challenging because of limited ground‐truth data. In this study, a biophysical crop model was used to guide neural network (NN)‐based, in‐season CPE. Using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT), we conducted uncalibrated simulations for corn (Zea mays L.) across Iowa and Illinois in the U.S. Midwest with in‐season weather and historical information for planting and harvest. We investigated guiding the NN CPE method with growth stage (GSTD) and water stress factor (WSF) outputs from these simulations. Results show that guided NNs are able to estimate onset and progression of phenological stages more accurately than an unguided baseline and a crop model‐only method. GSTD guidance improved CPE during seasons when progress deviated from a regional average because of temperature but was detrimental during seasons of delayed planting and harvest. WSF guidance improved CPE during seasons when planting and harvest were delayed by heavy rainfall but performed less well during grainfill and mature stages. Neural network‐based CPE guided by both GSTD and WSF provided the most accurate estimates for pre‐emergence, emerged, silking, and grainfill stages as well as lower RMSE for the median stage transition date than reported in three full‐season CPE studies. An accurate RS method for estimating planting could link DSSAT simulations to the current planting window and improve upon these results. This model‐guided approach can be extended to other crops and regions to unlock in‐season crop risk assessments that are directly linked to crop phenology.