bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crustal structure along the Wanzai–Yongchun profile in the Cathaysia Block, Southeast China, constrained by a joint active- and passive-source seismic experiment
Authors: Huang Minfu , Xu Tao , Lü Qingtian , Lin Jiyan , Bai Zhiming , Deng Yangfan , Zhang Yongqian , Badal José 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARY
Since the Mesozoic, the South China Block (SCB) has experienced multiple episodes of tectonic magmatism accompanied by metallogenesis. To explore the seismic velocity structure of the crust and its connection with mineralization, we constructed a wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) profile by deploying 435 short-period seismometers across the Cathaysia Block in Southeast China. Receiver functions and the H–κ stacking method were applied using a reference 2-D velocity model obtained from the analysis of WARR data. Integration of active- and passive-source seismic data enabled us to obtain an image of the crust and the average Vp/Vs ratio value of the SCB and produce several results: (1) The crustal thickness varies west-to-east from 28 km below the Qinhang metallogenic belt to 32 km below the Wuyishan metallogenic belt, and the average value of the Vp/Vs ratio for the crust is 1.71. Both the thickness of the crust and the average Vp/Vs ratio are lower than the average global values for the continental crust. (2) The relatively low Vp/Vs ratio and thin crust along the profile could be generated by thinning of the lower crust in the SCB as a result of the backarc extension related to westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate below East Asia. (3) The Moho depth estimated from H–κ stacking with the help of the background P-wave velocity model modified by the WARR model fits better than using a global seismic velocity model with its common conversion point image, which supports a potential seismic data analysis technique provided with a joint deployment of both active- and passive-source seismic observation system with a shorter period.
Wild and domestic animals variably display Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc sialic acids
Authors: Nemanichvili Nikoloz , Spruit Cindy M , Berends Alinda J , Gröne Andrea , Rijks Jolianne M , Verheije Monique H , de Vries Robert P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sialic acids are used as a receptor by several viruses and variations in the linkage type or C-5 modifications affect the binding properties. A species barrier for multiple viruses is present due to α2,3- or α2,6-linked sialic acids. The C-5 position of the sialic acid can be modified to form N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which acts as a determinant for host susceptibility for pathogens such as influenza A virus, rotavirus, and transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. Neu5Gc is present in most mammals such as pigs and horses but is absent in humans, ferrets, and dogs. However, little is known about C-5 content in wildlife species or how many C-5 modified sialic acids are present on N-linked glycans or glycolipids. Using our previously developed tissue microarray system, we investigated how 2 different lectins specific for Neu5Gc can result in varying detection levels of Neu5Gc glycans. We used these lectins to map Neu5Gc content in wild Suidae, Cervidae, tigers, and European hedgehogs. We show that Neu5Gc content is highly variable among different species. Furthermore, the removal of N-linked glycans reduces the binding of both Neu5Gc lectins while retention of glycolipids by omitting methanol treatment of tissues increases lectin binding. These findings highlight the importance of using multiple Neu5Gc lectins as the rich variety in which Neu5Gc is displayed can hardly be detected by a single lectin.
Chromenone derivatives as novel pharmacological chaperones for retinitis pigmentosa-linked rod opsin mutants
Authors: Ortega Joseph T , McKee Andrew G , Roushar Francis J , Penn Wesley D , Schlebach Jonathan P , Jastrzebska Beata 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The correct expression of folded, functional rhodopsin (Rho) is critical for visual perception. However, this seven-transmembrane helical G protein-coupled receptor is prone to mutations with pathological consequences of retinal degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) due to Rho misfolding. Pharmacological chaperones that stabilize the inherited Rho variants by assisting their folding and membrane targeting could slow the progression of RP. In this study, we employed virtual screening of synthetic compounds with a natural product scaffold in conjunction with in vitro and in vivo evaluations to discover a novel chromenone-containing small molecule with favorable pharmacological properties that stabilize rod opsin. This compound reversibly binds to unliganded bovine rod opsin with an EC50 value comparable to the 9-cis-retinal chromophore analog and partially rescued membrane trafficking of multiple RP-related rod opsin variants in vitro. Importantly, this novel ligand of rod opsin was effective in vivo in murine models, protecting photoreceptors from deterioration caused by either bright light or genetic insult. Together, our current study suggests potential broad therapeutic implications of the new chromenone-containing non-retinoid small molecule against retinal diseases associated with photoreceptor degeneration.
BCL6, a key oncogene, in the placenta, pre-eclampsia and endometriosis
Authors: Louwen Frank , Kreis Nina-Naomi , Ritter Andreas , Friemel Alexandra , Solbach Christine , Yuan Juping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The key oncogene B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) drives malignant progression by promoting proliferation, overriding DNA damage checkpoints and blocking cell terminal differentiation. However, its functions in the placenta and the endometrium remain to be defined.

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
Recent studies provide evidence that BCL6 may play various roles in the human placenta and the endometrium. Deregulated BCL6 might be related to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE) as well as endometriosis. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the pathophysiological role of BCL6 in these two reproductive organs, discuss related molecular mechanisms, and underline associated research perspectives.

SEARCH METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed for human, animal and cellular studies published until October 2021 in the following areas: BCL6 in the placenta, in PE and in endometriosis, in combination with its functions in proliferation, fusion, migration, invasion, differentiation, stem/progenitor cell maintenance and lineage commitment.

OUTCOMES
The data demonstrate that BCL6 is important in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and invasion of trophoblastic cells. BCL6 may have critical roles in stem/progenitor cell survival and differentiation in the placenta and the endometrium. BCL6 is aberrantly upregulated in pre-eclamptic placentas and endometriotic lesions through various mechanisms, including changes in gene transcription and mRNA translation as well as post-transcriptional/translational modifications. Importantly, increased endometrial BCL6 is considered to be a non-invasive diagnostic marker for endometriosis and a predictor for poor outcomes of IVF. These data highlight that BCL6 is crucial for placental development and endometrium homeostasis, and its upregulation is associated with the pathogenesis of PE, endometriosis and infertility.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS
The lesson learned from studies of the key oncogene BCL6 reinforces the notion that numerous signaling pathways and regulators are shared by tumors and reproductive organs. Their alteration may promote the progression of malignancies as well as the development of gestational and reproductive disorders.
Use of the LunAero Open-Source Hardware Platform to Enhance the Accuracy and Precision of Traditional Nocturnal Migration Bird Counts
Authors: Honeycutt Wesley T , Bridge Eli S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Quantification of nocturnal migration of birds through moon watching is a technique ripe for modernization with superior computational power. In this paper, collected by a motorized telescope mount was data analyzed using both video observations by trained observers and modernized approaches using computer vision. The more advanced data extraction used the OpenCV library of computer vision tools to identify bird silhouettes by means of image stabilization and background subtraction. The silhouettes were sanitized and analyzed in sequence to produce stacked relationships between temporally close contours, discriminating birds from noise based on the assumption that birds migrate in stable paths. The flight ceiling of the birds was determined by extracting relevant correlation coefficient data from doppler radar co-located with the LunAero instrument in Norman, OK, USA using a method with low-computational overhead. The bird paths and flight ceiling were combined with lunar ephemera to provide input for the original method used for nocturnal migration quantification as well as an enhanced version of the same method with more advanced computational tools. We found that the manual quantification of migration activity detected 16,300 birds/km•h heading northwest from 110°, whereas the automated analysis reported a density of 43,794 birds/km•h heading northwest from 106.67°. Hence, there was agreement with regard to flight direction, but the automated method overestimated migration density by approximately three times. The reasons for the discrepancy between flight path detection appeared to be due to a substantial amount of noise in the video data as well as a tendency for the computer vision analysis to split single flight paths into two or more segments. The authors discuss ongoing innovations aimed at addressing these methodological challenges.
Recognizing Salinity Threats in the Climate Crisis
Authors: Lee Carol Eunmi , Downey Kala , Colby Rebecca Smith , Freire Carolina A , Nichols Sarah , Burgess Michael N , Judy Kathryn J 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClimate change is causing habitat salinity to transform at unprecedented rates across the globe. While much of the research on climate change has focused on rapid shifts in temperature, far less attention has focused on the effects of changes in environmental salinity. Consequently, predictive studies on the physiological, evolutionary, and migratory responses of organisms and populations to the threats of salinity change are relatively lacking. This omission represents a major oversight, given that salinity is among the most important factors that define biogeographic boundaries in aquatic habitats. In this perspective, we briefly touch on responses of organisms and populations to rapid changes in salinity occurring on contemporary time scales. We then discuss factors that might confer resilience to certain taxa, enabling them to survive rapid salinity shifts. Next, we consider approaches for predicting how geographic distributions will shift in response to salinity change. Finally, we identify additional data that are needed to make better predictions in the future. Future studies on climate change should account for the multiple environmental factors that are rapidly changing, especially habitat salinity.
Learning to search collaboratively: how dyads overcome complexity and misaligned incentives in imperfect modular decompositions
Authors: Billinger Stephan , Benincasa Stefano , Baumann Oliver , Kretschmer Tobias , Schumacher Terry R 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate the search processes that dyads engage in when each human agent is responsible for one module of a complex task. Our laboratory experiment manipulates global vs. local incentives and low vs. high cross-modular interdependence. We find that dyads endogenously learn to coordinate their joint search efforts by engaging in parallel and sequential searches that, over time, give rise to coordinated repeated actions. Such collaborative search emerges despite complexity and misaligned incentives, and without a coordinating hierarchy.
Epidermal clearance ofCandida albicansis mediated by IL-17 but independent of fungal innate immune receptors
Authors: Iwasawa Mari T , Miyachi Hideaki , Wakabayashi Seiichiro , Sugihira Takashi , Aoyama Reika , Nakagawa Seitaro , Katayama Yuki , Yoneyama Mitsutoshi , Hara Hiromitsu , Iwakura Yoichiro , Matsumoto Masanori , Inohara Naohiro , Koguchi-Yoshioka Hanako , Fujimoto Manabu , Núñez Gabriel , Matsue Hiroyuki , Nakamura Yuumi , Saijo Shinobu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAbstractIL-17 plays important roles in host defense against Candida albicans at barrier surfaces and during invasive infection. However, the role of IL-17 in host defense after colonization of the epidermis, a main site of C. albicans infection, remains poorly understood. Using a murine model of epicutaneous candidiasis without skin abrasion, we found that skin inflammation triggered by epidermal C. albicans colonization was self-limiting with fungal clearance completed by day 7 after inoculation in wild-type mice or animals deficient in IL-17A or IL-17F. In contrast, marked neutrophilic inflammation in the epidermis and impaired fungal clearance were observed in mice lacking both IL-17A and IL-17F. Clearance of C. albicans was independent of Dectin-1, Dectin-2, CARD9 (caspase-recruitment domain family, member 9), TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2) and MyD88 in the epidermal colonization model. We found that group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and γδT cells were the major IL-17 producers in the epicutaneous candidiasis model. Analyses of Rag2−/− mice and Rag2−/−Il2rg−/− mice revealed that production of IL-17A and IL-17F by ILC3s was sufficient for C. albicans clearance. Finally, we found that depletion of neutrophils impaired C. albicans clearance in the epidermal colonization model. Taken together, these findings indicate a critical and redundant function of IL-17A and IL-17F produced by ILC3s in host defense against C. albicans in the epidermis. The results also suggest that epidermal C. albicans clearance is independent of innate immune receptors or that these receptors act redundantly in fungal recognition and clearance.
Disaggregating Repression: Identifying Physical Integrity Rights Allegations in Human Rights Reports
Authors: Cordell Rebecca , Clay K Chad , Fariss Christopher J , Wood Reed M , Wright Thorin M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Most cross-national human rights datasets rely on human coding to produce yearly, country-level indicators of state human rights practices. Hand-coding the documents that contain the information on which these scores are based is tedious and time-consuming, but has been viewed as necessary given the complexity and detail of the information contained in the text. However, advances in automated text analysis have the potential to streamline this process without sacrificing accuracy. In this research note, we take the first step in creating this streamlined process by employing a supervised machine learning automated coding method that extracts specific allegations of physical integrity rights violations from the original text of country reports on human rights. This method produces a dataset including 163,512 unique abuse allegations in 196 countries between 1999 and 2016. This dataset and method will assist researchers of physical integrity rights abuse because it will allow them to produce allegation-level human rights measures that have previously not existed and provide a jumping-off point for future projects aimed at using supervised machine learning to create global human rights metrics.
Using CDS Hooks to increase SMART on FHIR app utilization: a cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Morgan Keaton L , Kukhareva Polina V , Warner Phillip B , Wilkof Jonah , Snyder Meir , Horton Devin , Madsen Troy , Habboushe Joseph , Kawamoto Kensaku 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
HL7 SMART on FHIR apps have the potential to improve healthcare delivery and EHR usability, but providers must be aware of the apps and use them for these potential benefits to be realized. The HL7 CDS Hooks standard was developed in part for this purpose. The objective of this study was to determine if contextually relevant CDS Hooks prompts can increase utilization of a SMART on FHIR medical reference app (MDCalc for EHR).

Materials and Methods
We conducted a 7-month, provider-randomized trial with 70 providers in a single emergency department. The intervention was a collection of CDS Hooks prompts suggesting the use of 6 medical calculators in a SMART on FHIR medical reference app. The primary outcome was the percentage of provider–patient interactions in which the app was used to view a recommended calculator. Secondary outcomes were app usage stratified by individual calculators.

Results
Intervention group providers viewed a study calculator in the app in 6.0% of interactions compared to 2.6% in the control group (odds ratio = 2.45, 95% CI, 1.2–5.2, P value .02), an increase of 130%. App use was significantly greater for 2 of 6 calculators.

Discussion and Conclusion
Contextually relevant CDS Hooks prompts led to a significant increase in SMART on FHIR app utilization. This demonstrates the potential of using CDS Hooks to guide appropriate use of SMART on FHIR apps and was a primary motivation for the development of the standard. Future research may evaluate potential impacts on clinical care decisions and outcomes.
Oral microbiota populations of adult dogs consuming wet or dry foods
Authors: Oba Patrícia M , Sieja Kelly M , Keating Stephanie C J , Hristova Teodora , Somrak Amy J , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Oral microbiota play a prominent role in canine periodontal disease and wet foods are often blamed for poor oral health, but canine oral microbial communities have been poorly studied. We aimed to determine differences in oral health measures, breath odor, and oral microbiota populations of dogs fed wet or dry food. Twelve adult dogs fed either a commercial dry (extruded) or commercial wet (canned) food for 6 wk were studied. Breath samples were measured for sulfur compounds, teeth were scored for plaque, calculus, and gingivitis by a blinded veterinary dentist, salivary pH was measured, and supragingival (SUP) and subgingival (SUB) plaque samples were collected for microbiota analysis. Plaque DNA was extracted and Illumina sequencing was conducted. Phylogenetic data were analyzed using the CosmosID bioinformatics platform and SAS 9.4, with P &lt;0.05 being significant and P &lt;0.10 being trends. Plaque coverage tended to be higher (P &lt; 0.10) in dogs fed wet vs. dry food, but other oral health scores were not different. Dogs fed dry food had higher (P &lt; 0.05) salivary pH and lower (P &lt; 0.05) breath sulfur concentrations than those consuming wet food. Bacterial alpha diversity was higher in SUP than SUB samples, and a clear separation in beta diversity was observed between sample sites on principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plots. In SUP samples, dogs fed wet food had a higher alpha diversity than dogs fed dry food, with PCoA plots showing a separation between wet and dry food. Relative abundances of Firmicutes, Synergistetes, and 10 bacterial genera were different (P &lt; 0.05) in SUB samples of dogs fed wet vs. dry food. Relative abundances of Fusobacteria and over 20 bacterial genera were different (P &lt; 0.05) in SUP samples of dogs fed wet vs. dry food. In general, oral health-associated bacterial taxa (Pasteurella, Capnocytophaga, Corynebacterium) were higher, while bacteria associated with poor oral health (Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Filifactor alocis, Treponema medium, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas canoris, Porphyromonas gingivalis) were lower in dogs fed dry food. Such shifts in the oral microbiota may impact periodontal disease risk, but longer dietary intervention studies are required to confirm their role in the disease process. Our results suggest that dogs fed dry extruded foods have lower breath odor and tooth plaque buildup and an oral microbiota population more closely associated with oral health than dogs fed wet canned foods.
Ultrafast Measurement of Metformin in the Clinical Setting Using Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Griffeuille Pauline , El Balkhi Souleiman , Bodeau Sandra , Lamoureux Fabien , Marquet Pierre , Dulaurent Sylvain , Saint-Marcoux Franck 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetformin (MtF) is a treatment used for type 2 diabetes. Lactic acidosis (LA) is a frequent complication that can be either induced by or associated with elevated MtF plasma concentrations. When coupled with a mass spectrometry (MS) system, the probe electrospray ionization (PESI) method allows direct and rapid analysis of different types of matrices without pretreatment. In this study, we developed a PESI–MS method for the determination of MtF in plasma. We used a tandem mass spectrometer equipped with a PESI source in the reaction monitoring mode for the quantitation of MtF. MtF-d6 was chosen as the internal standard (IS), following an isotope dilution (ID) approach. The method was fully validated with six concentration levels (0.5–50 mg/L). The matrix effect was evaluated for each level, and the specificity was tested with a mix of potential co-medications. Using patient samples, the performance was compared with two classical LC–MS-MS and LC–diode array detector (DAD) methods used in external labs. Sample preparation consisted in mixing 10 µL plasma in 1,000 µL ethanol/ammonium formate buffer including MtF-d6 at a fixed concentration of 5 mg/L. The total run time was 0.31 min. ID gave satisfactory results of accuracy and precision (min–max: −12.1 to 15.8% and 1.0–17.1%, respectively). The matrix effect was fully corrected by the internal standard (bias &lt; 1%). The specificity study also reported satisfactory results. Finally, in a representative group of 29 patients (55% with a concentration &lt;5 mg/L, 38% with a concentration &gt;5 mg/L and 7% not detected), we observed almost identical results when comparing LC–DAD and LC–MS-MS to PESI–MS (r2 &gt; 0.99). We propose a specific, sensitive, accurate and ultrafast solution for the measurement of MtF in patient plasma, with no sample preparation or calibration curve building. This could be helpful in a core lab when rapid diagnosis of LA is needed.
Estimating Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Flight Distance: Meta-Data Analysis
Authors: Moore Thomas C , Brown Heidi E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is a growing global concern. An ecological parameter necessary for vector control is the dispersal, or flight range, of mosquito vectors. Information on mosquito dispersal supports identifying optimal sampling and control strategies to limit the invasion of adult mosquitoes. Attempts around the world to understand the movement and flight range of Ae. aegypti have used a variety of techniques, but there has been little agreement regarding flight distances of Ae. aegypti, specifically the average linear distance Ae. aegypti travel in their natural environment. To generate a more robust estimate of Ae. aegypti flight distance, we conducted a meta-data analysis with the aims 1) to provide a flight distance measurement and 2) investigate how mosquito flight range can be affected by study design and climatic factors. Published studies were retrieved from public databases and reviewed for mean distance traveled (MDT) or maximum distance traveled measurements of Ae. aegypti. Linear regression was used to assess potential relationships between Ae. aegypti flight distance and factors pertaining to climate, degrees of urbanization, and study design. MDT estimates were pooled from 27 experiments to calculate a weighted MDT of 105.69 m. This study addresses the average flight distance of Ae. aegypti with the intention of informing vector control programs in Ae. aegypti prevalent regions of the world.