bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between contact with children and the clinical course of COVID-19
Authors: Jannuzzi Peter , Panza Gregory A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We examined the association between contact with children and the clinical course of COVID-19 among COVID-19-positive adult patients. Participants completed a survey to assess demographics, medical information related to their COVID-19 diagnosis, contact with children at home and at the workplace. Patients were aged 45.68 ± 14.38 years, mostly female (72.1%), 842 were not hospitalized and 167 were hospitalized. At home, there were no differences between groups for the number of child contact hours or total child hours (hours × number of children) per week (Ps > 0.05). The number of children at home was greater among patients not hospitalized (P < 0.05), however this was no longer significant after controlling for covariates (P > 0.05). At the workplace, there were no differences between groups (all Ps > 0.05). Sub-group analysis found the proportion of patients that were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) was greater among patients with no child contact (P < 0.05). A secondary analysis found that patients with no child contact had an increased likelihood of thromboembolism (P < 0.05) and a trend towards more overall COVID-19-related complications (P = 0.076). Overall, an association between contact with children and hospitalization was not found when adjusting for covariates. Sub-group analysis indicated a possible protective effect for more severe disease; however, these findings need further study.
Cognitive performance in children and adolescents with psychopathology traits: A cross-sectional multicohort study in the general population
Authors: Blok Elisabet , Schuurmans Isabel K. , Tijburg Anne J. , Hillegers Manon , Koopman-Verhoeff Maria E. , Muetzel Ryan L. , Tiemeier Henning , White Tonya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPsychopathology and cognitive development are closely related. Assessing the relationship between multiple domains of psychopathology and cognitive performance can elucidate which cognitive tasks are related to specific domains of psychopathology. This can help build theory and improve clinical decision-making in the future. In this study, we included 13,841 children and adolescents drawn from two large population-based samples (Generation R and ABCD studies). We assessed the cross-sectional relationship between three psychopathology domains (internalizing, externalizing, dysregulation profile (DP)) and four cognitive domains (vocabulary, fluid reasoning, working memory, and processing speed) and the full-scale intelligence quotient. Lastly, differential associations between symptoms of psychopathology and cognitive performance by sex were assessed. Results indicated that internalizing symptoms were related to worse performance in working memory and processing speed, but better performance in the verbal domain. Externalizing and DP symptoms were related to poorer global cognitive performance. Notably, those in the DP subgroup had a 5.0 point lower IQ than those without behavioral problems. Cognitive performance was more heavily affected in boys than in girls given comparable levels of psychopathology. Taken together, we provide evidence for globally worse cognitive performance in children and adolescents with externalizing and DP symptoms, with those in the DP subgroup being most heavily affected.
Cardiac arrhythmias in postural tachycardia syndrome and orthostatic intolerance
Authors: Hong Jeff , Litt Sarah J. , Moak Jeffrey P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and objectives:There is sparse literature on cardiac arrhythmias and the utility of ambulatory rhythm monitoring in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome and orthostatic intolerance. This study’s primary aim was to investigate the prevalence of arrhythmias in this population. Knowing the prevalence and types of arrhythmias in dysautonomia patients could influence the decision to pursue ambulatory rhythm monitoring and ultimately guide therapy.Methods:This retrospective descriptive study examined the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias, as detected by ambulatory rhythm monitoring, in children with postural tachycardia syndrome/orthostatic intolerance or syncope who were seen at the Children’s National Hospital Electrophysiology Clinic between January 2001 and December 2020.Results:In postural tachycardia syndrome/orthostatic intolerance patients, arrhythmia was detected on 15% of 332 ambulatory rhythm monitors. In syncope patients, arrhythmia was detected on 16% of 157 ambulatory rhythm monitors, not significantly different from the postural tachycardia syndrome/orthostatic intolerance group. The difference in rate of arrhythmia detection between 24-hour Holter and 2-week Zio® monitoring was not statistically significant.Conclusion:This study suggests that a substantial proportion of postural tachycardia syndrome/orthostatic intolerance patients may have concomitant underlying cardiac arrhythmias, at a frequency similar to what is seen in patients undergoing primary evaluation for cardiac symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, and syncope. In the appropriate clinical context, physicians caring for postural tachycardia syndrome/orthostatic intolerance patients should consider additional evaluation for arrhythmias beyond sinus tachycardia.
Measuring International Uncertainty Using Global Vector Autoregressions with Drifting Parameters
Authors: Pfarrhofer Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the time-varying effects of international uncertainty shocks. I use a global vector autoregressive model with drifting coefficients and factor stochastic volatility in the errors to model the G7 economies jointly. The measure of uncertainty is constructed by estimating a time-varying scalar driving the innovation variances of the latent factors, which is also included in the conditional mean of the process. To achieve regularization, I use Bayesian techniques for estimation, and rely on hierarchical global–local priors to shrink the high-dimensional multivariate system towards sparsity. I compare the obtained econometric measure of uncertainty to alternative indices and discuss commonalities and differences. Moreover, I find that international uncertainty may differ substantially compared to identically constructed domestic measures. Structural inference points towards pronounced real and financial effects of uncertainty shocks in all considered economies. These effects are subject to heterogeneities over time and the cross-section, providing empirical evidence in favor of using the flexible econometric framework introduced in this study.
Pregnancy Loss After Amniocentesis with Double-Needle Insertions in Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Cai Luyao , Yang Yingjun , Zou Gang , Zhang Yun , Wu Fengyu , Yuan Meizhen , Zhou Yan , Chen Jianping , Sun Luming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the pregnancy loss rate of amniocentesis with double-needle insertions in twin pregnancies. This was a retrospective study of twin pregnancies who underwent amniocentesis with double-needle insertion between 2010 and 2019 at a single center. The pregnancy loss rates were recorded as single or double fetal loss before 24 weeks’ gestation and within 4 weeks after the procedure. Risk factors for pregnancy loss after amniocentesis were also assessed. A total of 678 twin pregnancies with amniocentesis were finally included. The pregnancy loss rates before 24 weeks’ gestation and within 4 weeks after the procedure were 0.9% and 1.9%, respectively. Only one fetal loss was presumed to be a direct result of the procedure. All other cases were complicated by structural or chromosomal anomalies. Twin pregnancies with abnormal ultrasound findings had a significantly higher rate of pregnancy loss with a relative risk of 4.81 (95% CI [1.03, 22.2]). Our study showed a low pregnancy loss rate after amniocentesis in twin pregnancies with double-needle insertions technique of sampling, which can help decision making in prenatal screening and diagnosis for twin pregnancies.
Improving upon the interrow hoed cereal system: the effects of crop density and row spacing on intrarow weeds and crop parameters in spring barley
Authors: McCollough Margaret R. , Melander Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAutomated guidance systems have advanced precise interrow hoeing in narrowly spaced cereals. Compared with other direct mechanical strategies, hoeing provides superior weed control and improved yields. However, weeds in the uncultivated intrarow zone may survive and compete intensely with the crop, causing yield loss. Therefore, improved intrarow weed management strategies in hoed cereals must be investigated. In spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the effect of crop density was assessed at four levels (200, 300, 400, and 500 plants m−2); interrow spacing at two levels (15 and 20 cm), relevant to the abilities of current automated equipment to hoe between narrowly spaced rows; and weed management treatment at three levels (no additional controls, herbicide, and preemergence tine harrowing). All treatments received interrow hoeing, and a surrogate weed (white mustard, Sinapis alba L.) was sown and monitored throughout experiments. The manipulation of crop density was a reliable method for suppressing the growth of intrarow weeds. As barley density increased from the target 200 to 500 plants m−2, percent reduction in intrarow surrogate and ambient weed biomass (g m−2) increased from 49% to 82% and 53% to 99%, respectively. Increasing crop density caused a decrease in grain bulk density (kg hl−1) both years, and grain protein (%) and 1,000-kernel weight (g) in one year; whether these changes constitute a loss in grain quality depends upon end use. While row spacing had no effect on intrarow weeds, crop yields were 7% to 8% lower at 20 cm compared with 15 cm, incentivizing narrow row sowing. Barley yields were unaffected by increasing crop density, and the effect of preemergence tine harrowing was inconsistent. In one year, harrowing reduced surrogate and ambient weed biomass and increased barley yield; however, in another year, ambient weed biomass increased, and harrowing did not affect yield or surrogate weed biomass.
Evidence based Nursing and Caring
Authors: Behrens Johann , Langer Gero 
Published: March 2022

Evidenzbasierte Pflege anschaulich, verständlich und nachprüfbar.

Evidence-based Nursing and Caring (EBN) ist eine Pflegepraxis, die pflegerische Entscheidungen auf wissenschaftlich geprüfte Erfahrungen Dritter („externe Evidence") und die individuellen Bedürfnisse und Erfahrungen der Pflegebedürftigen und Pflegenden („interne Evidence") stützt. Sie tut dies aus Respekt vor der Einzigartigkeit des Pflegebedürftigen und schließt die Unterstützung und Förderung pflegebedürftiger Menschen sowie die Sorge um sie (Caring) mit ein.
Behrens und Langer zeigen in ihrem erfolgreichen Praxishandbuch, wie Pflegende an evidenzbasiertes Wissen herankommen, wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse beurteilen, nutzen und in die Praxis transferieren können. Sie beschreiben Wege und Verfahren, einschließlich interpretativ-hermeneutischer und statistischer Methoden, und zeigen, wie damit pflegerische Entscheidungen belegt, begründet und ausgeführt werden können.
Die fünfte Auflage wurde überarbeitet und erweitert bezüglich der Kapitel Literaturrecherche, Nutzen und Schaden einer Therapie, Hilfen und Verbesserungen durch Digitalisierung sowie der Lösung des Generalisierungsdilemmas.
Aus dem Inhalt

•	Grundlagen - Evidence-based Nursing und die Ethik professionellen eingreifenden Handelns
•	1. Schritt: Aufträge klären in der Begegnung - Shared Decision Making
•	2. Schritt: Probleme formulieren
•	3. Schritt: Literaturrecherche
•	4. Schritt: Kritische Beurteilung von Studien
•	5. Schritt: Veränderung der Pflegepraxis (Pflegemanagement-Modell)
•	6. Schritt: Evaluation von Wirkungsketten - Qualitätsmanagement und Evidence-based Practice.
Spatial Flow Pattern, Multi‐Dimensional Vortices, and Junction Momentum Exchange in a Partially Covered Submerged Canopy Flume
Authors: Yan Xu‐Feng , Duan Huan‐Feng , Wai Wing‐Hong Onyx , Li Chi‐Wai , Wang Xie‐Kang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study experimentally investigated the influence of a model‐submerged canopy on three‐dimensional hydrodynamic structures in a partially obstructed flume. Canopy density, water discharge, and water depth were varied to achieve generalized conclusions. With tracer experiments, multi‐dimensional (vertical and horizontal) large‐scale coherent vortices arising from both the top and lateral edges of the canopy were visualized. The results of the mean flow and turbulence field show that the hydrodynamic characteristics are highly three‐dimensional, impacted by canopy density and submergence ratio. Typical shear layers are confirmed by scaled velocity distribution with local characteristic velocity and length scales in both vertical and transverse directions along the canopy edges except for the near‐bed region where horizontal vortices are inhibited. Along the canopy edges, the average effect of the vertical coherent vortices overall outweighs that of the horizontal coherent vortices for dense canopies, the ratio of which can be regressed more precisely with the water‐related Reynolds number. The vertical profiles of the longitudinal velocity in the near‐junction region are characterized by near‐bed velocity deflection, strengthened by the increase in canopy density. The negative velocity gradients are found to be more closely related to the drag length‐related Reynolds number. An in‐depth analysis of secondary flows and near‐junction momentum budget has been conducted to show the mass and momentum exchange processes. The results show that multidimensional coherent vortices and turbulence‐induced secondary flows play different roles in mass and momentum exchange, accounting for near‐bed velocity deflections in the junction region.
Characteristics of Kelvin–Helmholtz Waves as Observed by the MMS From September 2015 to March 2020
Authors: Rice Rachel C. , Nykyri Katariina , Ma Xuanye , Burkholder Brandon L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission has presented a new opportunity to study the fine scale structures and phenomena of the Earth’s magnetosphere, including cross scale processes associated with the Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability (KHI), but such studies of the KHI and its secondary processes will require a database of MMS encounters with Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) waves. Here, we present an overview of 45 MMS observations of the KHI from September 2015 to March 2020. Growth rates and unstable solid angles for each of the 45 events were calculated using a new technique to automatically detect plasma regions on either side of the magnetopause boundary. There was no apparent correlation between solar wind conditions during the KHI and its growth rate and unstable solid angle, which is not surprising as KH waves were observed downstream of their source region. We note all KHI were observed for solar wind flow speeds between 295 and 610 km/s, possibly due to a filtering effect of the instability onset criteria and plasma compressibility. Two‐dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic (2D MHD) simulations were compared with two of the observed MMS events. Comparison of the observations with the 2D MHD simulations indicates that the new region sorting method is reliable and robust. The ability to automatically detect separate plasma regions on either side of a moving boundary and determine the KHI growth rate may prove useful for future work identifying and studying secondary processes associated with the KHI.
Formation of the Igneous Logi Ridge, NE Atlantic
Authors: Tan Pingchuan , Breivik Asbjørn Johan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe igneous Logi Ridge is located in the NE Atlantic north of the West Jan Mayen Fracture Zone on oceanic crust. The origin of the ridge may relate to the increased influence of the Iceland plume in the Oligocene though the exact mechanism is uncertain. We estimate the igneous volume and magma production rate of the ridge from 10 transects, comprising a refraction profile, six reflection profiles, and three bathymetric profiles. The refraction profile shows up to 12 km crustal thickness of the ridge, and the forward gravity modeling and/or isostatic balancing shows that this is characteristic for most of the ridges. A 3D volume model was created by interpolating between profiles and subtracted the similarly made regional crustal thickness (5–7 km), which gives an excess magma volume of (1.7 ± 0.6) × 1013 m3. The admittance function between bathymetry and gravity indicates an elastic plate thickness of 3–5 km during the main ridge formation. This is consistent with the ridge being built on oceanic crust from Oligocene to earliest Miocene, indicating a main magmatic phase of ∼5 Ma duration, which gives a magma production rate of 0.07–0.15 m3/s, comparable to the Louisville Seamount Chain (LSC). However, the lower crustal velocities of the refraction profile differ from that of the Louisville Guyot in the LSC, suggesting that the melting event was not mainly caused by high mantle temperature, instead it may have been caused in part by the enriched mantle presently seen at the northern end of the Kolbeinsey Ridge to the south.
Global and Regional Patterns of Soil Nitrous Acid Emissions and Their Acceleration of Rural Photochemical Reactions
Authors: Wu Dianming , Zhang Jingwei , Wang Mengdi , An Junling , Wang Ruhai , Haider Haroon , Xu‐Ri  , Huang Ye , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Feng , Tian Hanqin , Zhang Xiuying , Deng Lingling , Pan Yuepeng , Chen Xi , Yu Yuanchun , Hu Chunsheng , Wang Rui , Song Yaqi , Gao Zhiwei , Wang Yue , Hou Lijun , Liu Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAbiotic and biotic releases of nitrous acid (HONO) from soils contribute substantially to the missing source of tropospheric HONO and hydroxyl radicals (OH). However, global and regional patterns of soil HONO emissions are rarely quantified, and the contributions of such emissions to atmospheric oxidization capacity are unclear. Here, we present that the best estimate of global soil HONO emissions in 2017 was 9.67 with a range of 7.36–11.99 Tg N yr−1, and cropland soils accounting for ∼79%. The analyses also indicate that regional soil HONO emissions enhanced ground OH concentrations by 10%–60% and ozone concentrations by 0.5–1.5 ppb in daytime in the ambient area of Shanghai, China. The impact of soil HONO emissions on OH budgets was more significant in rural than urban areas. These findings suggest that the soil HONO emissions, especially from cropland, could quicken photochemical reactions, and aggravate air pollution in rural areas.
Gamma‐CaSO4 With Abnormally High Stability From a Hyperarid Region on Earth and From Mars
Authors: Shi Erbin , Wang Alian , Li Huafang , Ogliore Ryan , Ling Zongcheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrdinary γ‐CaSO4 is a metastable calcium sulfate, while γ‐CaSO4 from the hyperarid region on Earth and from Mars has been found with abnormally high stability. In this study, we used multiple microanalyses to characterize the chemical and structural properties of two such γ‐CaSO4: one from Atacama soil (#10‐d30) and the other from Martian meteorite MIL03346,168. Silicon was determined to be quasi‐homogeneously distributed in Atacama γ‐CaSO4, while both silicon and phosphorus were detected in Martian γ‐CaSO4. We found the abnormally high stability of those γ‐CaSO4 from hyperarid environments was due to the chemical impurities which filled their structural tunnels and blocked the entrance of atmospheric H2O, with non‐detectable structural distortion. We propose that the γ‐CaSO4 with Si or Si and P impurities could have igneous origin or evaporative origin. Due to the extreme similarity in the structures of bassanite and γ‐CaSO4, their XRD patterns are almost non‐distinguishable; thus some martian “bassanite” minerals identified by Curiosity's CheMin instrument at Gale crater can actually be γ‐CaSO4. The structural tunnels in γ‐CaSO4 would allow ions and ionic groups to fill, thus providing meaningful insights about the geological and geochemical processes experienced by it during the formation and transformation. The Raman spectrometer carried by the Perseverance and by ExoMars rovers will help the selection of samples enriched in γ‐CaSO4 at Jezero Crater and Oxia Planum, which should be sampled for in‐depth analysis on Mars and back to Earth.
Relationship Between Lateral/Basal Shear Stress Ratio and Structural Vergence of Thrust Wedges: Results From Analogue Modeling and Implications for the Origin of Eastern Sichuan–Xuefeng Fold‐Thrust Belt in South China
Authors: Zhou Chao , Zhou Jianxun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThrust wedges are common in nature, but not all of their origins can be properly explained by the classic Coulomb wedge theory, which considers only a 2D perspective. A few analogue models, however, revealed that lateral shear stress (inherent in both analogue models and nature) may strongly affect the development of thrust wedges and the lateral/basal shear stress (τs/τd) ratio might have controlled the structural vergence of thrust wedge, suggesting that origin of thrust wedges needs to be considered from a 3D perspective. The origin of the Eastern Sichuan–Xuefeng fold‐thrust belt (ESXFTB), which is characterized by two oppositely vergent thrust systems at different crustal levels and may contain another large purely backward‐vergent thrust wedge on the world, is still problematic. Revealing the relationship between τs/τd ratio and structural vergence may prompt a deep understanding of the origin of thrust wedges as well as the ESXFTB. This relationship, however, is still not very clear due to the lack of systematic experiments. For these reasons, we performed systematic experiments of two types of analogue models under different τs/τd ratios. Our model results revealed, for the first time, that structural vergence of thrust wedges lying on a weak décollement may progressively change from frontward (when τs/τd <0.09) to dual (when τs/τd = 0.09–1.15) and then to backward (when τs/τd >1.15) and the two oppositely vergent thrust systems in the ESXFTB can be produced simultaneously by the single northwestward Mesozoic shortening probably due to their apparently different τs/τd ratios.
Spatiotemporal Geostatistical Analysis of Groundwater Level in Aquifer Systems of Complex Hydrogeology
Authors: Varouchakis Emmanouil A. , Guardiola‐Albert Carolina , Karatzas George P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDirect interpolation of groundwater levels often leads to contour maps which are hydrogeological inconsistent since numerical algorithms do not consider changes in flowline patterns caused by hydrogeological heterogeneities and aquifer boundary conditions. In the present work, this issue is assessed by conducting a geostatistical analysis based on Gaussian process method, using space‐time groundwater level observations, to generate reliable spatial maps of groundwater level variability and to identify groundwater level patterns over the island of Crete, Greece. Besides, two innovative tools are employed in the process: the Manhattan distance metric to obtain spatial correlation where faults are present in the aquifer and the spatiotemporal Spartan covariance function to obtain spatiotemporal interdependence. The results show significant prediction improvement over convectional geostatistical methods. Useful information is obtained from the delivered map notifying areas under high risk of groundwater resources shortage. The developed approach could be applied to other areas with analogous hydrogeological properties. It will be especially valuable in semi‐arid areas prone to droughts, where groundwater represents the main source of water.