bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective healthcare communication with children and young people: a systematic review of barriers and facilitators
Authors: Navein Alice , McTaggart James , Hodgson Xanthe , Shaw Joanna , Hargreaves Dougal , Gonzalez-Viana Eva , Mehmeti Agnesa 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo identify children and young people’s preferences for effective healthcare communication.DesignA systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted to identify evidence from children and young people on effective healthcare communication. Electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles were searched to July 2020.ResultsA total of 13 studies were included. Five major themes were identified: medical information (timing, amount, coordination and futures), person not patient (creating relationships, time, nurse involvement, sensitivity), type of communication (creative and interactive, behavioural, talking and listening, written communication), consultations (first impressions, with and without parents, actively promoting involvement, open and honest, age appropriate) and communication with parents (using parental knowledge, support).ConclusionsResearch in this area remains sparse and consistent implementation is debateable. Children and young people articulate a preference for two-way healthcare communication. General principles for effective communication are identified as well as the need to avoid making assumptions and to tailor approaches to individuals. Establishing and maintaining relationships is essential and requires time and resources. Parents and carers have a positive role in healthcare communication which needs to be balanced with the needs and rights of children. All these factors also apply to children with communication difficulties or from marginalised groups, but additional extra support may be required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019145539.
Concomitant methimazole-induced agranulocytosis and cholestatic jaundice in a young woman
Authors: Alcorn Chris , Subarajan Prathayini , Anderson Jay 
Published: August 2022

A woman in her 30s presented to the emergency department with new-onset sore throat and fever. She had recently been diagnosed with Graves’ disease 3 months prior. As a result, she was initiated on atenolol and methimazole for management. Her methimazole dosing had been stable at 15 mg daily for the month prior to presentation. Investigation revealed severe neutropenia and jaundice. She was found to have concomitant agranulocytosis and cholestatic jaundice secondary to methimazole.Methimazole was discontinued on admission and the patient received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of zero. She was placed on broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravenous steroids for epiglottic and supraglottic oedema noted on bedside laryngoscopy. ANC and bilirubin improved over a 2-week hospital course. She was discharged on a temporary regimen of propranolol, dexamethasone and potassium iodide until she was able to undergo successful thyroidectomy for definitive management of Graves’ disease outpatient.
Association of baseline optical coherence tomography angiography with the development of glaucomatous visual field defects in preperimetric glaucoma eyes
Authors: Lee Jin Yeong , Shin Joong Won , Lee Anna , Baek Min Su , Kook Michael S 
Published: August 2022

AimsTo evaluate whether baseline vessel density (VD) parameters derived from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is associated with the development of glaucomatous visual field (VF) defects in preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) patients.MethodsOne eye from each of 200 consecutive PPG patients with a normal standard automated perimetry and OCT-A at baseline was retrospectively analysed. OCT-A was used to measure the circumpapillary VD (cpVD) and the parafoveal and perifoveal VD. The retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thicknesses were measured as reference standards. Two patient groups were stratified based on the development of repeatable glaucomatous VF loss. A Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to determine the predictive ability of OCT-A parameters for VF defects. The correlation between these baseline OCT-A parameters and the rate of global VF sensitivity loss (dB/year) was calculated using linear regression analysis.ResultsDuring a 3.1-year average follow-up period, 18 eyes (9.0%) developed glaucomatous VF defects. At baseline, the lower inferior temporal cpVD (HR (95% CI)=0.934 (0.883 to 0.988); p=0.017) and thinner inferior RNFL (HR (95% CI)=0.895 (0.839 to 0.956); p=0.001) were predictive of glaucomatous VF loss. A lower inferior temporal cpVD and thinner RNFL at baseline were associated with faster rate of global VF sensitivity loss (β=0.015; p=0.001).ConclusionIn PPG eyes, a lower baseline inferior temporal cpVD is significantly associated with glaucomatous VF defect development and a faster rate of global VF loss.
Prevalence of and factors associated with osteoarthritis and pain in retired Olympians compared with the general population: part 1 – the lower limb
Authors: Palmer Debbie , Cooper Dale , Whittaker Jackie L , Emery Carolyn , Batt Mark E , Engebretsen Lars , Schamasch Patrick , Shroff Malav , Soligard Torbjørn , Steffen Kathrin , Budgett Richard 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThis study aims (1) to determine the prevalence of lower limb osteoarthritis (OA) and pain in retired Olympians; (2) to identify factors associated with their occurrence and (3) to compare with a sample of the general population.Methods3357 retired Olympians (median 44.7 years) and 1735 general population controls (40.5 years) completed a cross-sectional survey. The survey captured demographics, general health, self-reported physician-diagnosed OA, current joint/region pain and injury history (lasting >1 month). Adjusted OR (aOR) compared retired Olympians with the general population.ResultsThe prevalence of (any joint) OA in retired Olympians was 23.2% with the knee most affected (7.4%). Injury was associated with increased odds (aOR, 95% CI) of OA and pain in retired Olympians at the knee (OA=9.40, 6.90 to 12.79; pain=7.32, 5.77 to 9.28), hip (OA=14.30, 8.25 to 24.79; pain=9.76, 6.39 to 14.93) and ankle (OA=9.90, 5.05 to 19.41; pain=5.99, 3.84 to 9.34). Increasing age and obesity were also associated with knee OA and pain. While the odds of OA did not differ between Olympians and the general population, Olympians with prior knee and prior hip injury were more likely than controls with prior injury to experience knee (1.51, 1.03 to 2.21 (Olympians 22.0% vs controls 14.5%)) and hip OA (4.03, 1.10 to 14.85 (Olympians 19.1% vs Controls 11.5%)), respectively.ConclusionsOne in four retired Olympians reported physician-diagnosed OA, with injury associated with knee, hip and ankle OA and pain. Although overall OA odds did not differ, after adjustment for recognised risk factors Olympians were more likely to have knee and hip OA after injury than the general population, suggesting injury is an occupational risk factor for retired Olympians.
Association of headgear mandate and concussion injury rates in girls’ high school lacrosse
Authors: Herman Daniel C , Caswell Shane V , Kelshaw Patricia M , Vincent Heather K , Lincoln Andrew E 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesHeadgear use is a controversial issue in girls’ lacrosse. We compared concussion rates among high school lacrosse players in an American state with a headgear mandate (HM) to states without an HM.MethodsParticipants included high schools with girls’ lacrosse programmes in the USA. Certified athletic trainers reported athlete exposure (AE) and injury data via the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network during the 2019–2021 seasons. The HM cohort was inclusive of high schools from the state of Florida, which mandates the use of ASTM standard F3137 headgear, while the non-HM (NHM) cohort was inclusive of high schools in 31 states without a state-wide HM. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs were calculated.Results141 concussions (HM: 25; NHM: 116) and 357 225 AEs were reported (HM: 91 074 AEs; NHM: 266 151 AEs) across all games and practices for 289 total school seasons (HM: 96; NHM: 193). Overall, the concussion injury rate per 1000 AEs was higher in the NHM cohort (0.44) than the HM cohort (0.27) (IRR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.45). The IRR was higher for the NHM cohort during games (1.74, 95% CI: 1.00 to 3.02) but not for practices (1.42, 95% CI: 0.71 to 2.83).ConclusionsThese findings suggest a statewide HM for high school girls’ lacrosse is associated with a lower concussion rate than playing in a state without an HM. Statewide mandates requiring ASTM standard F3137 headgear should be considered to reduce the risk of concussion.
Using codesign focus groups to develop an online COmmunity suPporting familiEs after Sudden Cardiac Death (COPE-SCD) in the young
Authors: Yeates Laura , Gardner Karen , Do Judy , van den Heuvel Lieke , Fleming Gabrielle , Semsarian Christopher , McEwen Alison , Adlard Leesa , Ingles Jodie 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo codesign an online support intervention for families after sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young (<35 years).DesignCodesign of an SCD family intervention by stakeholder focus groups.SettingFamilies and healthcare professionals with experience in SCD in the young.ParticipantsSemistructured online focus groups were held with key stakeholders, that is, family members who had experienced young SCD, healthcare professionals and researchers based in New South Wales, Australia. Guided discussions were used to develop an online support intervention. Thematic analysis of discussions and iterative feedback on draft materials guided content development.ResultsFour focus groups were held (4–6 participants per group, 12 unique participants). Stakeholder involvement facilitated development of high-level ideas and priority issues. Creative content and materials were developed based on user preference for stories, narratives and information reflecting everyday experience of families navigating the legal and medical processes surrounding SCD, normalising and supporting grief responses in the context of family relationships and fostering hope. Emphasis on accessibility led to the overarching need for digital information and online engagement. These insights allowed development of an online intervention—COPE-SCD: A COmmunity suPporting familiEs after Sudden Cardiac Death—which includes a website and online support programme.ConclusionUsing codesign with stakeholders we have developed a support intervention that addresses the needs of SCD families and aims to fill a large gap in existing healthcare. We will evaluate COPE-SCD to determine whether this is an effective intervention for support of families following a young SCD.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a South African laboratory cryptococcal antigen screening programme using a retrospective cohort and a cluster-randomised trial design
Authors: DeSanto Daniel J , Bangdiwala Ananta S , Van Schalkwyk Erika , Skipper Caleb P , Greene Greg , Paxton Juliet , Huppler Hullsiek Kathy , Mashau Rudzani , Rajasingham Radha , Boulware David R , Govender Nelesh P 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionCryptococcal meningitis is a common fungal opportunistic infection and a leading cause of death among people with advanced HIV disease in sub-Saharan Africa. The WHO recommends cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening followed by pre-emptive therapy to prevent cryptococcal meningitis and death in this population. In 2016, South Africa was the first country to implement reflexive laboratory CrAg screening nationally. The Cryptococcal Antigen Screen-and-Treat National Evaluation Team (CAST-NET) aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this national screening programme to optimise health outcomes.Methods and analysisThe CAST-NET study consists of two integrated parts: a retrospective cohort study and a cluster-randomised trial (CRT). The retrospective cohort study will determine 6-month cryptococcal meningitis-free survival among CrAg-positive patients. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of CrAg-positive results noted for action in the CrAg-positive patient chart, the proportion of CrAg-positive patients offered and accept/decline a lumbar puncture, the proportion of CrAg-positive patients prescribed antifungal therapy and the proportion of CrAg-positive patients who have antiretroviral therapy initiated or reinitiated at an appropriate time according to South African national guidelines. Cohort data will be analysed by the type of facility (ie, hospital vs primary health clinic) at which the patient was diagnosed with antigenaemia. The CRT will determine if the appointment and mentoring of a healthcare worker, or ‘crypto champion’, at intervention facilities is associated with a higher proportion of CrAg-positive persons initiating pre-emptive fluconazole therapy. Secondary outcomes will include 6-month cryptococcal meningitis-free survival and the proportion prescribed fluconazole maintenance treatment.Ethics and disseminationEthics approvals were received from the University of the Witwatersrand Human Research Ethics Committee (Medical), the University of KwaZulu-Natal Biomedical Research Ethics Committee and the University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee. Study results will be disseminated to the South African Department of Health and participating facilities through peer-reviewed publications and reports.
Study protocol: computerised cognitive testing in a cohort of people with frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Moore Katrina , Convery Rhian S , Rohrer Jonathan D 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThe term frontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders affecting the frontal and temporal lobes. Cognitively, impairment of executive function and social cognition predominates across the FTD spectrum, although other domains can be affected. Traditionally, cognition is tested through standard ‘pen and paper’ tasks in FTD. However, recent attempts have been made across other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease to develop computerised batteries that allow more accurate and sensitive detection of cognitive impairment.Methods and analysisThis paper describes the development of a novel battery of tests for a tablet computer, particularly focused on FTD. It consists of 12 different tasks which aim to tap into information processing speed, various aspects of executive function, social cognition, semantic knowledge, calculation and visuospatial skills. Future studies will focus on validating the battery in a healthy control cohort, comparing it against a standard ‘pen and paper’ psychometric battery, and finally testing it within an FTD cohort, including those with genetic forms of FTD where we will be able to assess its ability to detect very early cognitive deficits prior to the onset of symptoms.Ethics and disseminationNormative data will be produced in the initial validation study (approved by the UCL Ethics Committee, project ID 17691/002) and will be made available online.
Incidence and prognosis associated with troponin elevation after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Clément Arthur , Daulasim Anousone , Souibri Magali , Nguyen Lee S 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveCardiac troponin is used as a prognostic biomarker after cardiac surgery. However, numerous confounding elements, such as inflammation, liver and renal function biomarkers, have been associated with troponin variations. Furthermore, several thresholds regarding the definition of myocardial infarction have been suggested. We aimed to confirm the accuracy of troponin, analysed as time-dependent variable, to predict mortality independently from other biomarkers; and to assess the incidence and prognosis of a 10 times upper normal value threshold (troponin10N) used in the current fourth definition of myocardial infarction.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac procedures, we assessed the association between serum levels of troponin, creatinine, bilirubin, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate and in-hospital mortality. Several models were tested, including time-dependent Cox regression, survival and latent class analyses. Repetitive measurements were accounted for.ResultsWe included 3857 patients. In-hospital mortality was 2.8%. Troponin was independently associated with mortality in all models, after adjusting for other biomarkers. Of note, troponin10Nwas reached in 3830/3857 (99.3%) of patients. Similarly, renal function was independently associated with mortality. Conversely, CRP and liver biomarkers were not associated with mortality, once adjusting for other confounders.ConclusionWe confirmed that troponin increase was independently associated with mortality after cardiac surgery. This association was independent of inflammatory syndrome and renal and liver failure. Troponin10Nwas reached in almost all patients, questioning the relevance of this criterion to define postoperative myocardial infarctions after cardiac surgery.
Prognostic associations of ECG tracings in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Interior Jasmine S , Garcia Jerremiah G , Yu Gaius Sulpicio G , Regencia Zypher Jude G , Baja Emmanuel S , Ligsay Antonio D , Gerodias Ferdinand R 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionCOVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although most COVID-19 cases are asymptomatic or mild, a significant number of patients experienced adverse outcomes. In addition, studies have shown that cardiac abnormalities are associated with increased mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. This finding sets a precedent for the potential use of ECG tracing as an indicator of patient mortality and morbidity. This study aims to determine associations between the 12-lead ECG findings and various clinical outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19, measured as incidence of endotracheal intubation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality rate.Methods and analysisAn electronic literature search will identify all potentially relevant articles using specific databases and websites. The search will be limited to studies published from December 2019 to May 2021. In addition, studies will include hospitalised patients with COVID-19 with normal and abnormal 12-lead ECG findings assessed for clinical outcomes, including the incidence of endotracheal intubation, ICU admission and mortality rate. The risk of bias in individual studies will be evaluated using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool or the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis will be conducted if at least two studies indicate a prognostic factor’s effect. Moreover, subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be performed accordingly to address heterogeneity. Reporting the review results will comply with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The quality of evidence generated will be assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been exempted from ethics review. There will be no patient or public involvement in this study. Furthermore, the findings will be disseminated via conferences, seminars, symposia and congresses on top of peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021257155.
Development, acceptability and construct validity of the Aboriginal Women’s Experiences of Partner Violence Scale (AEPVS): a co-designed, multiphase study nested within an Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander birth cohort
Authors: Glover Karen , Gartland Deirdre , Leane Cathy , Nikolof Arwen , Weetra Donna , Clark Yvonne , Giallo Rebecca , Brown Stephanie J 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveFew studies employ culturally safe approaches to understanding Indigenous women’s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). The aim of this study was to develop a brief, culturally safe, self-report measure of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women’s experiences of different types of IPV.DesignMultistage process to select, adapt and test a modified version of the Australian Composite Abuse Scale using community discussion groups and pretesting. Revised draft measure tested in Wave 2 follow-up of an existing cohort of Aboriginal families. Psychometric testing and revision included assessment of the factor structure, construct validity, scale reliability and acceptability to create the Aboriginal Women’s Experiences of Partner Violence Scale (AEPVS).SettingSouth Australia, Australia.Participants14 Aboriginal women participated in discussion groups, 58 women participated in pretesting of the draft version of the AEPVS and 216 women participating in the Aboriginal Families Study completed the revised draft version of the adapted measure.ResultsThe initial version of the AEPVS based on item review and adaptation by the study’s Aboriginal Advisory Group comprised 31 items measuring physical, emotional and financial IPV. After feedback from community discussion groups and two rounds of testing, the 18-item AEPVS consists of three subscales representing physical, emotional and financial IPV. All subscales had excellent construct validity and internal consistency. The AEPVS had high acceptability among Aboriginal women participating in the Aboriginal Families Study.ConclusionsThe AEPVS is the first co-designed, multidimensional measure of Aboriginal women’s experience of physical, emotional and financial IPV. The measure demonstrated cultural acceptability and construct validity within the setting of an Aboriginal-led, community-based research project. Validation in other settings (eg, primary care) and populations (eg, other Indigenous populations) will need to incorporate processes for community governance and tailoring of research processes to local community contexts.