bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant photosynthetic overcompensation under nocturnal warming: lack of evidence in subtropical evergreen trees
Authors: Du Ying , Lu Ruiling , Sun Huanfa , Cui Erqian , Yan Liming , Xia Jianyang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Increased plant photosynthesis under nocturnal warming is a negative feedback mechanism to overcompensate for night-time carbon loss to mitigate climate warming. This photosynthetic overcompensation effect has been observed in dry deciduous ecosystems but whether it exists in subtropical wet forest trees is unclear.

Methods
Two subtropical evergreen tree species (Schima superba and Castanopsis sclerophylla) were grown in a greenhouse and exposed to ambient and elevated night-time temperature. The occurrence of the photosynthetic overcompensation effect was determined by measuring daytime and night-time leaf gas exchange and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration.

Key Results
A reduction in leaf photosynthesis for both species and an absence of persistent photosynthetic overcompensation were observed. The photosynthetic overcompensation effect was transient in S. superba due to respiratory acclimation and stomatal limitation. For S. superba, nocturnal warming resulted in insufficient changes in night-time respiration and NSC concentration to stimulate overcompensation and inhibited leaf stomatal conductance by increasing the leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit.

Conclusions
The results indicate that leaf stomatal conductance is important for the photosynthetic overcompensation effect in different tree species. The photosynthetic overcompensation effect under nocturnal warming may be a transient occurrence rather than a persistent mechanism in subtropical forest ecosystems.
Neurocognitive Profiles Associated With Limited English Proficiency in Cognitively Intact Adults
Authors: Brantuo Maame A , An Kelly , Biss Renee K , Ali Sami , Erdodi Laszlo A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
The objective of the present study was to examine the neurocognitive profiles associated with limited English proficiency (LEP).

Method
A brief neuropsychological battery including measures with high (HVM) and low verbal mediation (LVM) was administered to 80 university students: 40 native speakers of English (NSEs) and 40 with LEP.

Results
Consistent with previous research, individuals with LEP performed more poorly on HVM measures and equivalent to NSEs on LVM measures—with some notable exceptions.

Conclusions
Low scores on HVM tests should not be interpreted as evidence of acquired cognitive impairment in individuals with LEP, because these measures may systematically underestimate cognitive ability in this population. These findings have important clinical and educational implications.
Transparency in Social Work: Mapping Polarities Faced by Social Workers
Authors: Dons Gretl , Naert Jan , Roose Rudi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
During recent decades, the notion of transparency has become a guiding framework in social work policy and practice. Transparency is often approached in this context as a managerial notion. In this article, we approach transparency as a relational notion, a key attitude in social work. Relation transparency is a prerequisite for achieving democratic partnership with service users and their family and social network. Transparency as a key attitude of the social worker is often taken for granted, both by practitioners and policymakers. In the first face of our action research, we found that the way in which transparency is realised in the everyday practice of social work is a major challenge. After discussing the shift from a managerial to a relational notion of transparency, we analyse the various polarities social workers have to deal with in order to develop a transparent practice vis-à-vis service users. The question is whether we repeatedly fall into the trap of thinking that these dilemmas can be resolved instead of looking for ways to deal with them in daily practice without losing the fundamental values and ethical standards that social work represents.
An investigation into the feasibility of a hybrid generator–photovoltaic–wind farm with variable load profile: case of headland south-west of Morocco
Authors: Beyoud Abdelkader , Bouhaouss Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A hybrid system proposed by three different specifications for the equipment of a tourist lodge in the headland of south-west Morocco was sized by analysing the limits of load profile constraints, such as hour-to-hour variability (HHR), day-to-day variability (DDR) and the operating reserve rate (ROR). Based on the three-factor Doehlert matrix recommendations, the simulations employed an energy-sizing tool for hybrid renewable-energy systems. Testing was conducted with DDR at 5–30%, HHR at 10–30% and ROR at 0–20%. Under these conditions, a second-order polynomial relationship with a correlation rate of ~90% was found between the net present cost (NPC) of the system, the levelized cost of electricity and the various constraint factors. The first specification, SPC(1), composed of generators and batteries, was introduced to control and validate the simulation independently of renewable energy, which showed a positive manifestation with the imposed constraints. The analysis expanded by introducing solar and wind energy resources. The SPC(2) configuration added PV modules to the SPC(1) and the SPC(3) configuration added wind turbines to SPC(2). The effect of DDR, HHR and ROR in the trials was significant by linear regression. At the same time, only DDR had a significant quadratic regression. The others, with their pairwise interactions, were insignificant. The desirability procedure made it possible to calculate the maximum limits of load profile constraint variables leading to targets of LCOE = 0.41 US$/kWh and NPC =  US$320 080.1 of the load profile constraints: the DDR = 15.47% and the HHR = 26.55% at an ROR rate of 17.77%.
Interleaved high-gain boost converter powered by solar energy using hybrid-based MPP tracking technique
Authors: Nagaraja Rao S , Anisetty Suresh Kumar , Manjunatha B M , Kiran Kumar B M , Praveen Kumar V , Pranupa S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a solar-powered interleaved high-gain boost converter (IHGBC) that increases voltage gain with fewer ripples in the output voltage in comparison to existing DC–DC converters. The goal of this research is to develop a hybrid-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach with the combination of a flower pollination (FP) algorithm assisted with a perturb & observe (P&O) MPPT approach for solar photovoltaic (SPV) systems integrated with IHGBC. To ensure effective usage of both FP and P&O algorithms, this study incorporates and validates the hybrid-based MPPT approach. The proposed solar-powered IHGBC with a hybrid-based MPPT algorithm has been computationally modelled and simulated using MATLAB® and Simulink® for both uniform and non-uniform irradiation and analysed for voltage gain, ripples in the output waveforms and convergence time. The proposed hybrid-based MPPT is based on a number of flowers that forecast the initial global peak, assisted by P&O in the last stage for faster convergence to attain the maximum power point (MPP). As a result, the hybrid-based MPPT approach alleviates the computational issues encountered in P&O and FP-based MPP approaches. The proposed hybrid MPPT is compared with conventional MPPT for SPV and the results show that the solar-powered IHGBC using a hybrid-based MPPT technique has negligible oscillations of 0.14% with a high-voltage gain of 7.992 and a fast convergence rate of 0.05 seconds compared to individual P&O-based MPPT and FP-based MPPT techniques. The simulation results of the proposed MPPT with IHGBC outperform the conventional MPPT with high-gain converters.
The parcellation of cingulate cortex in neonatal period based on resting-state functional MRI
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Yu Qiaowen , Cheng Luqi , Chen Jinge , Gao Jie , Liu Yujia , Lin Xiangtao , Wang Ximing , Hou Zhongyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe human cingulate cortex (CC) is a complex region that is characterized by heterogeneous cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and function, and it is associated with various cognitive functions. The adult CC has been divided into various subregions, and this subdivision is highly consistent with its functional differentiation. However, only a few studies have focused on the function of neonatal CC. The aim of this study was to describe the cingulate segregation and the functional connectivity of each subdivision in full-term neonates (n = 60) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The neonatal CC was divided into three subregions, and each subregion showed specific connectivity patterns. The anterior cingulate cortex was mainly correlated with brain regions related to the salience (affected) network and default mode network (DMN), the midcingulate cortex was related to motor areas, and the posterior cingulate cortex was coupled with DMN. Moreover, we found that the cingulate subregions showed distinct functional profiles with major brain networks, which were defined using independent component analysis, and exhibited functional lateralization. This study provided new insights into the understanding of the functional specialization of neonatal CC, and these findings may have significant clinical implications, especially in predicting neurological disorder.
Regulation and impact of cardiac lymphangiogenesis in pressure-overload-induced heart failure
Authors: Heron Coraline , Dumesnil Anais , Houssari Mahmoud , Renet Sylvanie , Lemarcis Theo , Lebon Alexis , Godefroy David , Schapman Damien , Henri Orianne , Riou Gaetan , Nicol Lionel , Henry Jean-Paul , Valet Manon , Pieronne-Deperrois Marie , Ouvrard-Pascaud Antoine , Hagerling Réné , Chiavelli Hélène , Michel Jean-Baptiste , Mulder Paul , Fraineau Sylvain , Richard Vincent , Tardif Virginie , Brakenhielm Ebba 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsLymphatics are essential for cardiac health, and insufficient lymphatic expansion (lymphangiogenesis) contributes to development of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction. However, the regulation and impact of lymphangiogenesis in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy following pressure-overload remains to be determined. Here, we investigated cardiac lymphangiogenesis following transversal aortic constriction (TAC) in C57Bl/6 and Balb/c mice, and in end-stage HF patients.Methods and resultsCardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography, and cardiac hypertrophy, lymphatics, inflammation, oedema, and fibrosis by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, microgravimetry, and gene expression analysis. Treatment with neutralizing anti-VEGFR3 antibodies was applied to inhibit cardiac lymphangiogenesis in mice. We found that VEGFR3-signalling was essential to prevent cardiac lymphatic rarefaction after TAC in C57Bl/6 mice. While anti-VEGFR3-induced lymphatic rarefaction did not significantly aggravate myocardial oedema post-TAC, cardiac immune cell levels were increased, notably myeloid cells at 3 weeks and T lymphocytes at 8 weeks. Moreover, whereas inhibition of lymphangiogenesis did not aggravate interstitial fibrosis, it increased perivascular fibrosis and accelerated development of left ventricular (LV) dilation and dysfunction. In clinical HF samples, cardiac lymphatic density tended to increase, although lymphatic sizes decreased, notably in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Similarly, comparing C57Bl/6 and Balb/c mice, lymphatic remodelling post-TAC was linked to LV dilation rather than to hypertrophy. The striking lymphangiogenesis in Balb/c was associated with reduced cardiac levels of macrophages, B cells, and perivascular fibrosis at 8 weeks post-TAC, as compared with C57Bl/6 mice that displayed weak lymphangiogenesis. Surprisingly, however, it did not suffice to resolve myocardial oedema, nor prevent HF development.ConclusionsWe demonstrate for the first time that endogenous lymphangiogenesis limits TAC-induced cardiac inflammation and perivascular fibrosis, delaying HF development in C57Bl/6 but not in Balb/c mice. While the functional impact of lymphatic remodelling remains to be determined in HF patients, our findings suggest that under settings of pressure-overload poor cardiac lymphangiogenesis may accelerate HF development.
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of oral sulphate tablet for bowel preparation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A multicentre randomized controlled study
Authors: Kim Kyeong Ok , Kim Eun Young , Lee Yoo Jin , Lee Hyun Seok , Kim Eun Soo , Chung Yun Jin , Jang Byung Ik , Kim Sung Kook , Yang Chang Heon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
We evaluated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of novel oral sulphate tablets [OSTs] vs 2 L of polyethylene glycol and ascorbate [PEG/Asc] in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD].

Patients and Methods
A total of 110 patients with clinically inactive IBD were enrolled in this single-blind multicentre non-inferiority study. Patients were randomly assigned to the OST or 2 L PEG/Asc group and we applied a split-dose regimen. The primary efficacy endpoint was bowel cleansing success rate defined as Harefield Cleansing Scale Grade A or B. The secondary endpoints were perfect preparation rate, the presence of air bubbles, safety as assessed by laboratory abnormalities and self-reported adverse events, or IBD symptom flare-ups. Tolerability was assessed by a pre-procedural visual analog scale [VAS] interview.

Results
Both groups showed high cleansing success rates [98.1%] and there was no significant difference in perfect preparation rate. The proportion of a bubble score 0 was significantly higher in the OST group [94.5% vs 50.0%, p &lt; 0.001]. There was no significant intergroup difference in vomiting or bloating. Symptom flare-ups occurred in two OST group patients. No clinically significant blood test abnormalities were noted in either group. Ease of ingestion and taste scores were significantly higher in the OST group. More patients in the OST group [94.5%] wanted to take the same preparation agent for their next colonoscopy.

Conclusions
Both OST and 2 L PEG/Asc demonstrated high successful cleansing and safety in patients with inactive IBD. OST achieved higher satisfaction than 2 L PEG/Asc. Our results suggest that the OST split-dose regimen is effective and safe for patients with inactive IBD.
Early Intestinal Ultrasound Predicts Intravenous Corticosteroid Response in Hospitalised Patients With Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Ilvemark Johan F K F , Wilkens Rune , Thielsen Peter , Dige Anders , Boysen Trine , Brynskov Jørn , Bjerrum Jacob Tveiten , Seidelin Jakob Benedict 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Our aim was to determine if transabdominal intestinal ultrasound changes after 48 ± 24 h of intravenous corticosteroids can predict treatment outcomes in hospitalised patients with severe ulcerative colitis.

Methods
We performed a blinded observational multicentre study. Ultrasound parameters were assessed before treatment initiation, after 48 ± 24 h, and 6 ± 1 days. Treatment response was determined within 7 days by two outcome measures: 1] partial Mayo score reduction; 2] no administration of rescue therapy.

Results
Out of 69 recruited patients, 56 were included in the final analysis, with 37 responders. The colon segment with the highest baseline bowel wall thickness was analysed, being the sigmoid in all patients. There was no difference in baseline bowel wall thickness between responders and non-responders in the partial Mayo score outcome. At 48 ± 24 h, a significant difference between responders and non-responders was identified in both absolute bowel wall thickness [median 3.1 mm vs 4.9 mm; p &lt;0.0001], absolute reduction [-1.9 mm vs -0.2 mm; p &lt;0.001], and relative reduction [-35.9% vs -4.1%; p &lt;0.0001]. A ≤20% reduction had a sensitivity of 84.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 60.4, 96.6%) and a specificity of 78.4% [61.8, 90.2%] for determining non-response [area under the curve 0.85]. In the multivariable analysis, a &gt;20% reduction had the highest odds ratio (22.6 [4.2, 201.2]; p = 0.001) for determining response. Similar results were seen for the rescue therapy outcome.

Conclusions
Changes in bowel wall thickness, after 48 ± 24 h following intravenous corticosteroid treatment in hospitalised patients with severe ulcerative colitis, identify responders with high accuracy and might be used as an early marker to guide accelerated rescue therapy.
Organohalide respiration potential in marine sediments from Aarhus Bay
Authors: Zhang Chen , Atashgahi Siavash , Bosma Tom N P , Peng Peng , Smidt Hauke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Organohalide respiration (OHR), catalysed by reductive dehalogenases (RDases), plays an important role in halogen cycling. Natural organohalides and putative RDase-encoding genes have been reported in Aarhus Bay sediments, however, OHR has not been experimentally verified. Here we show that sediments of Aarhus Bay can dehalogenate a range of organohalides, and different organohalides differentially affected microbial community compositions. PCE-dechlorinating cultures were further examined by 16S rRNA gene-targeted quantitative PCR and amplicon sequencing. Known organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) including Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter and Desulfitobacterium decreased in abundance during transfers and serial dilutions, suggesting the importance of yet uncharacterized OHRB in these cultures. Switching from PCE to 2,6-DBP led to its complete debromination to phenol in cultures with and without sulfate. 2,6-DBP debrominating cultures differed in microbial composition from PCE-dechlorinating cultures. Desulfobacterota genera recently verified to include OHRB, including Desulfovibrio and Desulfuromusa, were enriched in all microcosms, whereas Halodesulfovibrio was only enriched in cultures without sulfate. Hydrogen and methane were detected in cultures without sulfate. Hydrogen likely served as electron donor for OHR and methanogenesis. This study shows that OHR can occur in marine environments mediated by yet unknown OHRB, suggesting their role in natural halogen cycling.
TwinEQTL: ultrafast and powerful association analysis for eQTL and GWAS in twin studies
Authors: Xia Kai , Shabalin Andrey A , Yin Zhaoyu , Chung Wonil , Sullivan Patrick F , Wright Fred A , Styner Martin , Gilmore John H , Santelli Rebecca C , Zou Fei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe develop a computationally efficient alternative, TwinEQTL, to a linear mixed-effects model for twin genome-wide association study data. Instead of analyzing all twin samples together with linear mixed-effects model, TwinEQTL first splits twin samples into 2 independent groups on which multiple linear regression analysis can be validly performed separately, followed by an appropriate meta-analysis-like approach to combine the 2 nonindependent test results. Through mathematical derivations, we prove the validity of TwinEQTL algorithm and show that the correlation between 2 dependent test statistics at each single-nucleotide polymorphism is independent of its minor allele frequency. Thus, the correlation is constant across all single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Through simulations, we show empirically that TwinEQTL has well controlled type I error with negligible power loss compared with the gold-standard linear mixed-effects models. To accommodate expression quantitative loci analysis with twin subjects, we further implement TwinEQTL into an R package with much improved computational efficiency. Our approaches provide a significant leap in terms of computing speed for genome-wide association study and expression quantitative loci analysis with twin samples.
Changes in Fall Rates From Before to During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the Prospective AMBROSIA Study
Authors: Bowling C Barrett , Wei Rong X , Qian Lei , Shimbo Daichi , Schwartz Joseph E , Muntner Paul , Cannavale Kimberly L , Harrison Teresa N , Reynolds Kristi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing policies resulted in reductions in community movement, however, fall rates during this time have not been described.MethodsThis prospective study included adults ≥65 years old participating in the Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Older Adults (AMBROSIA) cohort and who completed ≥1 monthly falls calendar (August 2019–March 2021; n = 250). Months were grouped to correspond to the fall 2020 phased reopening (August–October) and the shelter-in-place policy during the winter 2020 surge (November–January) in Los Angeles, California and compared to the same months, 1 year earlier (ie, before the pandemic).ResultsParticipants had a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 75.2 (6.1) years, 49.6% were White, and 53.2% were women. We obtained 2 795 falls calendars during follow-up. Overall, 110 (44.0%) participants reported a total of 421 falls (rate 15.1 per 100 calendar months). The highest monthly fall rate during the pandemic was 22.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.4–31.1) per 100 calendar-months in August 2020. The lowest fall rate during the pandemic was 8.6 (95% CI 3.5–17.8) per 100 calendar-months in February 2021. During the pandemic, fall rates in August, September, and October 2020 were higher than the previous year (rate ratio 1.8 [95% CI 1.1–2.9]), and fall rates in November and December 2020 and January 2021 were lower than the previous year (rate ratio 0.5 [95% CI 0.4–0.8]).ConclusionAs the pandemic continues and older adults resume community mobility after a shelter-in-place period, providers should pay attention to the risk of falls.
Muscle Fatigue in the Latch-Mediated Spring Actuated Mandibles of Trap-Jaw Ants
Authors: Larabee Fredrick J , Gibson Josh C , Rivera Michael D , Anderson Philip S L , Suarez Andrew V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Muscle fatigue can reduce performance potentially affecting an organism's fitness. However, some aspects of fatigue could be overcome by employing a latch-mediated spring actuated (LaMSA) system where muscle activity is decoupled from movement. We estimated the effects of muscle fatigue on different aspects of mandible performance in six species of ants, two whose mandibles are directly actuated by muscles and four that have LaMSA “trap-jaw” mandibles. We found evidence that the LaMSA system of trap-jaw ants may prevent some aspects of performance from declining with repeated use, including duration, acceleration, and peak velocity. However, inter-strike interval increased with repeated strikes suggesting that muscle fatigue still comes into play during the spring loading phase. In contrast, one species with directly actuated mandibles showed a decline in bite force over time. These results have implications for design principles aimed at minimizing the effects of fatigue on performance in spring and motor actuated systems.