bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle factors and hand eczema: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Loman Laura , Brands Marjolein J. , Massella Patsea Anna A. L. , Politiek Klaziena , Arents Bernd W. M. , Schuttelaar Marie L. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEvidence regarding the association between lifestyle factors and hand eczema is limited.To extensively investigate the association between lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, physical activity, body mass index, diet, and sleep) and the prevalence, incidence, subtype, severity, and prognosis of hand eczema, a systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted in accordance with the Meta‐analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology consensus statement. MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to October 2021. The (modified) Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used to judge risk of bias. Quality of the evidence was rated using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Eligibility and quality were blindly assessed by two independent investigators; disagreements were resolved by a third investigator. Data were pooled using a random‐effects model, and when insufficient for a meta‐analysis, evidence was narratively summarized. Fifty‐five studies were included. The meta‐analysis (17 studies) found very low quality evidence that smoking is associated with a higher prevalence of hand eczema (odds ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.09‐1.26). No convincing evidence of associations for the other lifestyle factors with hand eczema were found, mostly due to heterogeneity, conflicting results, and/or the limited number of studies per outcome.
Strategic, feasibility, economic, and cultural aspects of phase 0 approaches
Authors: Burt Tal , Roffel Ad F. , Langer Oliver , Anderson Kirsten , DiMasi Joseph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch conducted over the past 2 decades has enhanced the validity and expanded the applications of microdosing and other phase 0 approaches in drug development. Phase 0 approaches can accelerate drug development timelines and reduce attrition in clinical development by increasing the quality of candidates entering clinical development and by reducing the time to “go‐no‐go” decisions. This can be done by adding clinical trial data (both healthy volunteers and patients) to preclinical candidate selection, and by applying methodological and operational advantages that phase 0 have over traditional approaches. The main feature of phase 0 approaches is the limited, subtherapeutic exposure to the test article. This means a reduced risk to research volunteers, and reduced regulatory requirements, timelines, and costs of first‐in‐human (FIH) testing. Whereas many operational aspects of phase 0 approaches are similar to those of other early phase clinical development programs, they have some unique strategic, regulatory, ethical, feasibility, economic, and cultural aspects. Here, we provide a guidance to these operational aspects and include case studies to highlight their potential impact in a range of clinical development scenarios.
Sustained right ventricular dysfunction in severe COVID‐19: The role of disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Malagoli Alessandro , Rossi Luca , Zanni Alessia , Muto Federico , Tosetti Alberto , Tondi Stefano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute right ventricular (RV) failure is common in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. Compared to the conventional echocardiographic parameters, right ventricular longitudinal strain (RVLS) is more sensitive and accurate for the diagnosis of RV systolic dysfunction.ObjectiveOur purpose was to investigate the sustained RV dysfunction echo‐quantified by RVLS in patients recovered from severe COVID‐19. Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has a key role to predict the impaired RV strain.MethodsOf 198 consecutive COVID‐19 patients hospitalized from March 1, 2020, to April 15, 2020, 45 selected patients who survived from severe COVID‐19 were enrolled in the study and referred to our echo‐lab for transthoracic echocardiography 6‐months after discharge. RVLS was calculated as the mean of the strain values of RV free wall. DIC was defined with a validated scoring system: DIC score equal to or more than 5 is compatible with overt‐DIC. Categories of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were defined based on PaO2/FiO2 ratio.ResultsA total 26 of 45 patients showed impaired RVLS at 6‐months’ follow‐up. DIC score was significantly higher in patients with worse RVLS than in those with better RVLS (4.8 ± .5 vs. 3.6 ± .6, p =.03). Stages of ARDS did not modulate this relationship. Finally, overt‐DIC results the only independent predictor of sustained RV dysfunction (OR 1.233, 95% CI 1.041–1.934, p =.043).ConclusionsSustained RV impairment frequently occurs in patients recovered from severe COVID‐19. DIC plays a key role, resulting in an independent predictor of sustained RV dysfunction.
Postoperative intermittent dysfunction of mitral valve prosthesis of unclear etiology identified by three‐dimensional echocardiography
Authors: Cano‐Nieto Mariana M. , Santibañez‐Escobar Felipe , Arias‐Godinez Jose A. , Rodriguez‐Zanella Hugo G. , Ortiz‐Leon Xochitl A. , Ruiz‐Esparza Maria E. , Fritche‐Salazar Juan F. , Posada‐Martinez Edith L. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTA 56‐year‐old patient with rheumatic heart disease and atrial fibrillation underwent mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis. The 3D perioperative echocardiogram showed an intermittent immobile medial disk without hemodynamic repercussion in the intensive care unit. The patient was taken back to the operating room and surgeons could not identify the cause. An enlarged left atrium and the size of the prosthetic valve was thought to have precipitated this condition. The heart team decided a biological prosthetic valve replacement would be performed. This case emphasizes the important role of the perioperative 3D echocardiogram in the detection of immediate surgical complications.
Echocardiographic characteristics of non‐resectional ring‐only valve repair in mitral valve prolapse
Authors: Levy Franck , Wautot Fabrice , Dommerc Carine , Iacuzio Laura , Civaia Filippo , Marcacci Cecilia , Eker Armand 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSimple mitral valve repair (MVR) using a ring‐only approach (ROA) was recently proposed for some complex forms of bileaflet myxomatous mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Nevertheless, few data are available concerning the characteristics of MVP patients that may benefit from this simple repair technique.MethodsBased on 39 consecutive patients (28 men; mean age 57 ± 15) with severe primary Mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by bileaflet MVP referred for MVR, we sought to identify the preoperative echocardiographic parameters associated with successful ROA repair.ResultsTwenty‐three patients (59%) underwent standard resectional MVR (SMVR) while 16 (41%) underwent ROA. Cardiopulmonary bypass and cross clamp times were lower in ROA than in SMVR (74 ± 27 min vs 99 ± 42 min and 49 ± 19 min vs 70 ± 25 min, respectively, p = 0.03 and p = 0.005). ROA patients were more frequently women (50% vs 13%, p = 0.027). Echocardiographic characteristics of successful ROA were mid‐late systolic MR, a paradoxical systolic papillary muscle displacement, and paradoxical systolic annulus expansion (PAE). A prolapsing depth <10 mm, the absence of flail leaflet and ruptured chordae, the presence of multiple jets, more often in the central part of the valve were also associated with ROA. Non hemodynamic systolic anterior motion and residual trivial MR tended to be more frequent in ROA than in SMVR.ConclusionSimple and fast MVR using a ROA is feasible in 4/10 patients with complex forms of bileaflet MVP. Successful ROA patients were more frequently women, with mid‐late systolic central multiple jet, low prolapse depth, absence of chordal rupture or flail leaflet and PAE.
Comparative evaluation of fragment reattachment protocols for the management of teeth with crown‐root fractures
Authors: Lokade Amolkumar , Tewari Nitesh , Goel Shubhi , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Srivastav Sukeshana , Rahul Morankar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/AimA crown‐root fracture is a fracture of both the crown and the root of a tooth. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (2020) guidelines recommended fragment reattachment and stabilization of loose fragments as an immediate management protocol for uncomplicated crown‐root fractures. However, the lack of evidence and unpredictability make it a less popular treatment option. The aim of this study was to compare three protocols of fragment reattachment for the management of teeth with crown‐root fractures.MethodologyEighty mandibular bovine incisors with similar dimensions and no structural deformities were selected and randomized into four groups: Group I (Control/sound teeth); Group II (no rehydration); Group III (rehydration in distilled water for 15 min) and Group IV (rehydration in a humidification chamber for 15 min). A fracture was simulated to extend from the labial side of the middle‐third of the crown to the palatal side of the cervical‐third of the root. Fragments were exposed to the environment under normal temperature and pressure. Fragments were later reattached as per the standard protocol following the rehydration as specified for each group. Samples were subjected to thermocycling, and the force required to fracture them was evaluated by using a universal testing machine.ResultsThe highest mean force required to fracture was seen in Group IV (208.27 ± 75.99 N) followed by Group III (182.01 ± 90.13 N) and Group II (158.85 ± 68.04 N). These differences were statistically significant. Comparison of the mean difference of force required to fracture between pairs of groups revealed statistically significant mean differences only between the controls and each experimental group.ConclusionThe force required to fracture the reattached fragments in teeth with crown‐root fractures was affected by rehydration of the fragments. The force was higher in fragments reattached after rehydration, and the highest force was required in the teeth that had been rehydrated in a humidification chamber.
Influence of different ethylene‐vinyl acetate brands used for custom‐fitted mouthguard fabrication on the stress and strain during an impact
Authors: Firmiano Tainah Costa , de Oliveira Amanda Alves , Costa Paulo Victor de Moura , Cardoso Luiza Santos , Pereira Rodrigo Dantas , Veríssimo Crisnicaw 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/AimThe use of custom‐fitted mouthguards can effectively prevent dentoalveolar trauma during sports practice. The aims of this study were to (1) Evaluate the elastic modulus of different EVA commercial brands used for custom‐fitted mouthguards, and (2) Evaluate whether the different EVA brands can influence the stress and strain generated during an impact simulated by three‐dimensional finite element analysis.MethodsThe elastic modulus of five EVA commercial brands (Essence®, Bio‐Art®, Proform®, PolyShok®, and Erkodent®) were calculated through uniaxial tensile tests. The obtained values were evaluated statistically by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's test. A three‐dimensional model of the anterior maxilla was created using the Rhinoceros 5.0. A 3 mm custom‐fitted mouthguard was simulated. The three‐dimensional volumetric mesh was generated using the Patran software (MSC.Software) with isoparametrics, 4‐noded tetrahedral elements, and exported to Marc/Mentat (MSC.Software) as element number 134. A non‐linear dynamic impact analysis was performed in which a rigid object struck the central incisor at a speed of 5 m/s. The stresses were evaluated by the modified von Mises criteria, and the strains were also recorded.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed for elastic modulus values (p < .001). Median values and the results of the Dunn's test were Essence® (38.1 A), Bio‐Art® (34.9 AB), Proform® (20.8 BC), PolyShok® (17.4 CD), and Erkodent® (15.0 D) (different capital letters mean statistical differences among the groups). Stresses and strains generated in the model with mouthguards were significantly lower than the model without a mouthguard regardless of the commercial brand. There was no significant difference in the stress and strain on the enamel and dentin with the different EVA brands. The shock absorption ability was high for all the brands (more than 80%).ConclusionThe custom‐fitted mouthguards, independently of the commercial brand, reduced stresses and strains during the impact.
Chemotaxis and parasitism of the Neotropical fruit fly parasitoidGanaspis pelleranoican be altered by pre‐imaginal and imaginal conditioning to fruit volatiles
Authors: Pires Patricia Daniela da Silva , Sant' Ana Josué , Redaelli Luiza Rodrigues , Leite Natália Alves 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSearch behavior of parasitoids can be triggered by fruit volatiles’ perception and modified through pre‐imaginal and/or imaginal conditioning.Ganaspis pelleranoi(Brèthes) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) is an endoparasitoid of tephritid fruit flies of economic importance. Despite its relevance to agroecosystems, no studies about its learning processes have been done. Therefore, we conducted chemotaxis and parasitism bioassays to evaluate pre‐imaginal and imaginal learning, and memory retention ofG. pelleranoifemales to volatiles of guava (Psidium guajavaL., Myrtaceae) and apple (Malus domesticaBorkh., Rosaceae). Parasitoids conditioned as immatures were obtained fromAnastrepha fraterculus(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae reared in apple or artificial diet. Parasitoids conditioned as adults were exposed to an apple substrate for 24 or 48 h, and tested after 1, 12, and 24 h. In the olfactometer, parasitoids were given a choice between guava and apple fruits (infested and uninfested). To assess parasitism, three units of parasitism were offered, which consisted ofA.fraterculuslarvae brushed with water, or with apple or guava pulp. Females preferred guava volatiles regardless of their pre‐imaginal conditioning. When adults were exposed to an apple substrate for 48 h, they preferred volatiles from this fruit for up to 12 h. Females that were conditioned for 24 or 48 h on apple volatiles parasitized more larvae in units with this substrate. Also, the number of flies that emerged from units with apple was lower for females conditioned for 48 h on the same fruit. Therefore, we conclude that pre‐imaginal conditioning in infested fruits was less important than the parasitoid experience to chemicals of fruit volatiles during the adult stage. Also, the longer the exposure of adults to odors, the greater the attraction to those odors and memory retention. Conditioning ofG.pelleranoifemales could be used as a strategy to improve future biocontrol programs of fruit flies.
Inhibition of TRPM7 with carvacrol suppresses glioblastoma functions in vivo
Authors: Alanazi Rahmah , Nakatogawa Hirokazu , Wang Haitao , Ji Delphine , Luo Zhengwei , Golbourn Brian , Feng Zhong‐Ping , Rutka James T. , Sun Hong‐Shuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive type of primary human brain tumours originating in the central nervous system. Despite the fact that current treatments involve surgery, chemotherapy (Temozolomide), and radiation therapy, the prognosis for patients diagnosed with GBM remains extremely poor. The standard treatment is not only unable to completely eradicate the tumour cells, but also tumour recurrence after surgical resection presents a major challenge. Furthermore, adjuvant therapies including radiation and chemotherapy have high cytotoxicity which causes extensive damage to surrounding healthy tissues and treatment is usually halted before GBM is fully eradicated. Finally, most GBM cases demonstrate temozolomide resistance, a common reason for GBM treatment failure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a suitable alternative therapy that targets GBM specifically and has low cytotoxicity for healthy cells. We previously reported that transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channels are aberrantly upregulated in GBM, and inhibition of TRPM7 reduced GBM cellular functions including proliferation, migration, and invasion. This suggests TRPM7 is a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of the TRPM7 inhibitor, carvacrol, on human GBM cell lines U87 and U251 in vivo. With the use of a flank xenograft GBM mouse model, we demonstrated that carvacrol significantly reduced the tumour size in both mice injected with U87 and U251 cells, decreased p‐Akt protein level and increased p‐GSK3β protein levels. Therefore, these results suggest that carvacrol may have therapeutic potential for GBM treatment.
Modified Lamport Merkle Digital Signature blockchain framework for authentication of internet of things healthcare data
Authors: Mehbodniya Abolfazl , Webber Julian L. , Neware Rahul , Arslan Farrukh , Pamba Raja Varma , Shabaz Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMedical internet of things (IoT) includes various devices, sensor, machines, equipment which exchange data over wide network. Industry 5.0 and 5G technology have ramped mIoT data and cost‐effective sensors. There is sudden upsurge in the medical IoT for enhancing the medical care. Integration of cloud server for data storage and cloud computing has led to the emergence of time and cost‐effective management of medical resources and improved patient lifestyle. However, cloud data is always at risk of data leak and malicious attack by unwanted users for their personal gains and agenda. With the increase of data exchange in the medical field, there is an urgency of keeping all the transaction safe and secure. There is a growing malicious data attacks and vulnerability. Therefore, to overcome such situations, the proposed model is a step towards sustainable technology. Keeping the focus on cost effective data security, the present work has developed a framework of modified Lamport Merkle Digital Signature method for signature generation and verification. It makes use of central healthcare controller (CHC) which determine the root of generated signature along with verification and authentication. For verification, the validation hash public key with generate key is required to validate the signature. This led to the efficient, cost effective and faster security when compared to the existing methods.
Shrinking return forecasts
Authors: Liu Li , Pan Zhiyuan , Wang Yudong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe develop a new approach that shrinks a given model forecast to the benchmark model forecast in order to improve forecasting performance. Simulation results show the superior performance of our approach, relative to popular methods such as forecast combination and the robustness to model misspecification. We apply our method to forecasting the returns on the S&P 500 index and find significant predictability when shrinking the principal component (PC) regression forecasts based on statistical and economic evaluation criteria. The forecast improvement from our shrinkage approach can be explained by the ability of its hyperparameters to be better predict real economic changes.
Genomic signatures of adaptive divergence in lacustrine copepods
Authors: Ortega‐Mayagoitia Elizabeth , Alcántara‐Rodríguez José Arturo , Urbán‐Olivares Javier , Campos Jorge E. , Ciros‐Pérez Jorge 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Ecological speciation, the formation of reproductive barriers as a consequence of adaptive divergence, can be a widespread diversification process in lacustrine landscapes, where the interplay of multiple biotic and abiotic factors generates a lavish array of divergent environments. Copepods are a major component of aquatic ecosystems and have remarkable evolvability, but the effects of adaptation to divergent environments at the genomic level and their implications for diversification in lakes are unknown.

We studied four populations of calanoid copepods (Leptodiaptomus group sicilis) inhabiting three permanent deep lakes and one ephemeral playa lake; despite their geographical closeness, they display adaptation to local conditions of salinity, potential immigrant inviability and divergent life‐history traits. Using a reduced representation of the genome, we describe the genomic signatures of ecological divergence (salinity and habitat permanence), genome‐wide differentiation and population structure.

We found that the four populations are genetically well‐differentiated and constitute four monophyletic lineages with individual evolutionary trajectories. Candidate adaptive loci showed clear signatures of diversifying selection, and the relationship between neutral and adaptive genetic variation suggested a pattern of isolation‐by‐adaptation. Interestingly, most neutral and adaptive differentiation was associated with habitat permanence, not with salinity divergence.

We concluded that local adaptation to salinity promoted reduced gene flow via immigrant inviability, reinforcing the adaptation to other factors associated with the permanence/ephemerality of lakes and fostering the accumulation of genomic differentiation due to neutral evolution, ultimately leading to speciation.

Our results show how divergent ecological conditions such as salinity and permanence/ephemerality of water regime produce significant genomic differentiation in copepod populations, paving the way for their diversification and speciation.
The aesthetic turn in border studies: Visual geographies of power, contestation and subversion
Authors: Moze Francesco , Spiegel Samuel J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, critical border studies have developed sophisticated concepts and methodologies for exploring the multifaceted spatialities, sociologies and temporalities of contemporary borders. In this article, we consider how the “aesthetic turn” that has gained prominence in the scholarship can further inform thinking in border studies. Specifically, we focus on the role of the visual in the construction as well as subversion of borders, suggesting possible avenues for future critical aesthetics‐engaged research on COVID‐19 era border reconfigurations. To do so, we first briefly outline the theoretical evolution of border studies, paying attention to recent conceptualisations of borders as dynamic processes of social and spatial differentiation. We then build on the borderscapes concept to unpack research on border aesthetics, with particular attention to the heterogeneous roles played by visual objects such as maps, photographs and videos in shaping both hegemonic and counter‐hegemonic processes of bordering. Finally, we bring these contributions into discussion with recent insights on the COVID‐19 pandemic, sketching several ways to advance aesthetic concepts and methodologies in academic research on borderscapes that are emerging with, and will likely outlast, the pandemic. We suggest that border studies and affiliated sub‐fields can gain useful insights from attending more explicitly and robustly to dynamic visual geographies of power, contestation and subversion.