bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The changing relevance and meaning of left and right in 34 party systems from 1945 to 2020
Authors: Jahn Detlef 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe extent to which the left–right dimension still structures party systems in highly developed, industrialized democracies is a contested field in comparative politics. Most studies in this area take the position that a stable and universal left–right dimension is either still the most important game in town or has become obsolete and replaced by other policy dimensions. Although country-specific studies focusing on voters’ left–right self-placement discover different meanings of left and right that vary between countries and change over time, few macro-comparative studies focusing on parties or governments take this aspect into account. Using a left–right concept for party politics from the PIP project on Parties, Institutions and Preferences that distinguishes an ideological core derived from political theory, as well as country- and time-specific issues uncovered through empirical analysis, the article demonstrates fundamental differences in the relevance and meaning of left and right by analyzing 34 party systems from 1945 to 2020. The article shows that the thesis of the decline of the left and right is premature. An important aspect for the continued high relevance of the left–right dimension is the fact that left and right changes their meaning by including controversial issues such as European integration, migration and environmental degradation.
Mechanical properties of DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosive
Authors: Wang Guanyi , Zhang Siwei , Wang Zihao , Cui Qingzhong 
Published: June 2022

The mechanical response and damage process of melt-cast explosives under complex stress states can be affected by having a high-volume ratio of the energetic filler material to the matrix. Understanding the characteristics of the nonlinear mechanical properties of 2,4-dinitroanisole/cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (DNAN/HMX) melt-cast explosives with a high solid-phase content can enable the analysis of the response mechanism of different strain rates. DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosives were investigated using a universal material testing machine and a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The stress equilibrium and constant-strain-rate loading of the low-impedance, low-strength DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosive material in the SHPB test were achieved using an incident wave shaping technique, and stress–strain curves were obtained at different strain rates (40, 51, 110, and 256 s−1). Based on the stress–strain relationship curve of DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosives, the viscoelastic parameters of the Visco-statistical cracking mechanism (SCRAM) constitutive model of DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosives are obtained by the least squares method. The results of quasi-static and dynamic loading show that the failure stress of DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosives gradually increases with the increasing strain rate, exhibiting a significant strain rate effect, while the dynamic loading displays the viscoelastic effect. The fitted Visco-SCRAM model can better predict the mechanical response of explosives under complex loading.
Vibration analysis of KAGRA cryostat at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Bajpai R , Tomaru T , Kimura N , Ushiba T , Yamamoto K , Suzuki T , Honda T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
KAGRA uses cryogenics to cool its sapphire test masses down to 20 K to reduce the thermal noise. However, cryocooler vibration and structural resonances of the cryostat couple to the test mass and can contaminate the detector sensitivity. We performed vibration analysis of the cooling system at cryogenic temperature to study its impact on detector sensitivity. Our measurements show shield vibration below 1 Hz is not impacted by cryocooler operation or structural resonances and is dominated by ground motion. The noise floor of the shield in the range 1–100 Hz was observed to be 2–3 orders of magnitude larger than seismic motion even without cryocooler operation. The operation of cryocoolers does not change the noise floor, but 2 Hz peaks and their harmonics were observed over the entire spectrum (1–100 Hz). These results were used to calculate the coupling of cooling system vibration to the test mass. We conclude that vibration from the cooling system does not limit KAGRA design sensitivity.
Electron transport mechanism in colloidal SnO2 nanoparticle films and its implications for quantum-dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Yuechao , Zhu Xiaoxiang , Xue Xulan , Chi Xiaochun , Wang Rong , Ji Wenyu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Charge transport behavior in SnO2 nanoparticle (NP) films is rather crucial to the optoelectronic devices. Temperature-dependent electrical results show that the electron transport in SnO2 NP films is dominated by the Mott variable-range hopping processes, i.e. the electrons are transported between different NPs through surface states rather than the conduction band of the nanocrystals, which is identical to the commonly used ZnO NP solids. Compared with ZnO, SnO2 films exhibit similar electron mobility but lower density of states (DOS). Therefore, we deduce that the low DOS in the SnO2 NP films should be the key factor limiting the device performance in compared with the ZnO as reported in most of the quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Our work sheds light on optimizing SnO2 NP films for QLEDs. Moreover, we believe that the SnO2 remains a desirable candidate as the electron transport material for the QLEDs due to its excellent physicochemical stability.
Singular Euler–Maclaurin expansion on multidimensional lattices
Authors: Buchheit Andreas A , Keßler Torsten 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We extend the classical Euler–Maclaurin (EM) expansion to sums over multidimensional lattices that involve functions with algebraic singularities. This offers a tool for a precise and fast evaluation of singular sums that appear in multidimensional long-range interacting systems. We find that the approximation error decays exponentially with the expansion order for band-limited functions and that the runtime is independent of the number of particles. First, the EM summation formula is generalised to lattices in higher dimensions, assuming a sufficiently regular summand function. We then develop this new expansion further and construct the singular Euler–Maclaurin expansion in higher dimensions, an extension of our previous work in one dimension, which remains applicable and useful even if the summand function includes a singular function factor. We connect our method to analytical number theory and show that all operator coefficients can be efficiently computed from derivatives of the Epstein zeta function. Finally we demonstrate the numerical performance of the expansion and efficiently compute singular lattice sums in infinite two-dimensional lattices, which are of relevance in condensed matter, statistical, and quantum physics. An implementation in mathematica is provided online along with this article.
The differential conductance tunnel spectroscopy in an analytical solvable two-terminal Majorana device
Authors: Yao Chuan-Zhe , Zhang Wei-Min 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the non-Markovian quantum transport dynamics of a two-terminal Majorana device that is made of an asymmetric topological superconducting chain coupled to two leads. This asymmetric superconducting chain is analytically solvable and can be realized by a hybrid system of semiconductor nanowire coupled to superconductors or by 1D transverse-field Ising chains. In such asymmetric superconducting chains, by the change of chemical potential, its ground state undergoes a topological quantum phase transition from the topological Majorana bound state to the trivial Andreev bound state while the ground state energy remains zero. We solve the exact transient transport current and the corresponding differential conductance. The results show that the presence or absence of the interference between the left and right Majorana zero modes plays an important role on the topological phase transition of conductance. It causes the edge-localized topologically trivial states to be insulated with zero conductance, while the nonlocally distributed topologically nontrivial states always have a quantized conductance 2e
2/h. This dramatic change associated with topological phase transition in the zero-mode differential conductance at zero bias is independent of the structure of leads and the coupling strength. We also examine the finite size effect of the superconducting chain and the coherence effect between zero mode and non-zero energy modes in the differential conductance of this two-terminal Majorana device.
Spin-wave modes of magnetic bimerons in nanodots
Authors: Jin Chendong , Li Shuang , Zhang Hu , Wang Ruining , Wang Jianglong , Lian Ruqian , Gong Penglai , Shi Xingqiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We report the resonance excitations and the spin-wave modes of a single bimeron in a confined nanodot by using micromagnetic simulations. Magnetic bimerons can be considered as in-plane topological spin textures of magnetic skyrmions, which means that the spin-wave modes of bimerons also rotate in-plane compared to skyrmions, for example, through the application of out-of-plane microwave magnetic fields, the spin-wave mode of bimerons is no longer a breathing mode but contains a counterclockwise mode at low frequencies and a clockwise mode at high frequencies. When in-plane microwave magnetic fields rotated at different angles are applied, the spin-wave mode of bimerons has an anisotropic property, i.e., the spin-wave mode presents as a breathing mode for the microwave magnetic field applied along the x-direction, and a couple of azimuthal modes for the microwave magnetic field applied along the y-direction. Moreover, we demonstrate that the breathing mode, the counterclockwise rotation mode, and the clockwise rotation mode can simultaneously appear together when the microwave magnetic field is applied at a specific angle in the plane. In addition to the three typical spin-wave modes, two high-phase counterclockwise rotation modes lead to the periodic deformation of bimerons due to the broken rotational symmetry of the spin texture. Our results reveal the rich spin-wave modes of bimerons, which may contribute to the applications in spintronics and magnonics.
Joint explanation of W-mass and muon g–2 in the 2HDM*
Authors: Han Xiao-Fang , Wang Fei , Wang Lei , Yang Jin-Min , Zhang Yang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Because both W-mass and muon

can be affected by mass splittings among extra Higgs bosons

in a two-Higgs-doublet model, we take a model with μ-τ lepton flavor violation interactions to examine the two anomalies reported by CDF II and FNAL. We obtain the following observations: (i) Combined with theoretical constraints, the CDF W-mass measurement disfavors H or A degenerating in mass with

but allows H and A to degenerate. The mass splitting between

and

must be larger than 10 GeV.

and

are favored to be smaller than 650 GeV for

GeV and allowed to have larger values with increasing

. (ii) After imposing other relevant experimental constraints, there are parameter spaces that simultaneously satisfy (at the

level) the CDF W-mass, FNAL muon

, and data on lepton universality in τ decays; however, the mass splittings among extra Higgs bosons are strictly constrained.
On the origin of high harmonic fast wave edge losses in NSTX
Authors: Tierens W. , Bilato R. , Bertelli N. , Shiraiwa S. , Myra J. , Colas L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the high harmonic fast wave edge losses in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) (Perkins et al 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett.
109 045001). Here, we discuss a newly discovered edge loss mechanism (Tierens et al 2021 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
64 035001) which involves the resonant excitation of surface waves on filaments. We show that this edge loss mechanism can explain the main parameter dependencies observed in NSTX experiments.
Materials challenges for successful roll-out of commercial fusion reactors
Authors: Quadling Amanda , Lee William Edward , Astbury Jack 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As members of the UK fusion community (covering national laboratories, academia and industry), we approached various colleagues to put together articles for this special issue of the Journal of Physics: Energy covering the materials challenges through to successful roll-out of fusion reactors. This paper serves to introduce the special issue and gives our opinion on the key challenges, many of which are covered in more detail in the submitted papers. Others may have differing opinions about what the key challenges are, but what we will all agree on is that they are substantial and will require sizeableresources to be addressed. Further, while we are all UK-based, all humankind will benefit from successful commercial roll-out of fusion for energy production, and the effort has been and will continue to be global. Fusion has entered the engineering era. Moving from plasma science to experiments demonstrating the benefits of modified torus shapes and advanced divertor geometries, the ‘field’ has become an ‘industry’. Investors now focus on whether superconducting magnet joints are feasible in large tokamak designs and how to deliver net energy to the grid. As with all technology trajectories, materials (both structural and functional) are the key enablers. For fusion materials, the three major challenges remain resilience to the combined damaging effects of tritium, transmutation and neutron bombardment (a veritable ‘triple whammy’), achieving suitable irradiation strategies for adequate damage studies (with optimal use of modelling as complementary science) and defining material safety and waste guidance in an era of evolving regulation. In the following, we highlight issues around ‘the triple whammy’, the resulting need for testing facilities and modelling proxies, and aspects of regulating materials in, and waste generated from, operating fusion reactors.
Online in silico validation of disease and gene sets, clusterings or subnetworks with DIGEST
Authors: Adamowicz Klaudia , Maier Andreas , Baumbach Jan , Blumenthal David B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As the development of new drugs reaches its physical and financial limits, drug repurposing has become more important than ever. For mechanistically grounded drug repurposing, it is crucial to uncover the disease mechanisms and to detect clusters of mechanistically related diseases. Various methods for computing candidate disease mechanisms and disease clusters exist. However, in the absence of ground truth, in silico validation is challenging. This constitutes a major hurdle toward the adoption of in silico prediction tools by experimentalists who are often hesitant to carry out wet-lab validations for predicted candidate mechanisms without clearly quantified initial plausibility. To address this problem, we present DIGEST (in silico validation of disease and gene sets, clusterings or subnetworks), a Python-based validation tool available as a web interface (https://digest-validation.net), as a stand-alone package or over a REST API. DIGEST greatly facilitates in silico validation of gene and disease sets, clusterings or subnetworks via fully automated pipelines comprising disease and gene ID mapping, enrichment analysis, comparisons of shared genes and variants and background distribution estimation. Moreover, functionality is provided to automatically update the external databases used by the pipelines. DIGEST hence allows the user to assess the statistical significance of candidate mechanisms with regard to functional and genetic coherence and enables the computation of empirical $P$-values with just a few mouse clicks.
Structural integrity of the anterior mid-cingulate cortex contributes to resilience to delirium in SuperAging
Authors: Katsumi Yuta , Wong Bonnie , Cavallari Michele , Fong Tamara G , Alsop David C , Andreano Joseph M , Carvalho Nicole , Brickhouse Michael , Jones Richard , Libermann Towia A , Marcantonio Edward R , Schmitt Eva , Shafi Mouhsin M , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Travison Thomas , Barrett Lisa Feldman , Inouye Sharon K , Dickerson Bradford C , Touroutoglou Alexandra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Despite its devastating clinical and societal impact, approaches to treat delirium in older adults remain elusive, making it important to identify factors that may confer resilience to this syndrome. Here, we investigated a cohort of 93 cognitively normal older patients undergoing elective surgery recruited as part of the Successful Aging after Elective Surgery study. Each participant was classified either as a SuperAger (n = 19) or typically aging older adult (n = 74) based on neuropsychological criteria, where the former was defined as those older adults whose memory function rivals that of young adults. We compared these subgroups to examine the role of preoperative memory function in the incidence and severity of postoperative delirium. We additionally investigated the association between indices of postoperative delirium symptoms and cortical thickness in functional networks implicated in SuperAging based on structural magnetic resonance imaging data that were collected preoperatively. We found that SuperAging confers the real-world benefit of resilience to delirium, as shown by lower (i.e. zero) incidence of postoperative delirium and decreased severity scores compared with typical older adults. Furthermore, greater baseline cortical thickness of the anterior mid-cingulate cortex—a key node of the brain’s salience network that is also consistently implicated in SuperAging—predicted lower postoperative delirium severity scores in all patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that baseline memory function in older adults may be a useful predictor of postoperative delirium risk and severity and that superior memory function may contribute to resilience to delirium. In particular, the integrity of the anterior mid-cingulate cortex may be a potential biomarker of resilience to delirium, pointing to this region as a potential target for preventive or therapeutic interventions designed to mitigate the risk or consequences of developing this prevalent clinical syndrome.
Enhanced methanol-to-olefins (MTO) performance over SAPO-34 molecular sieves synthesized using novel sources of silicon and aluminium
Authors: Guo Lei , Xing Aihua , Zhu Weiping , Li Fei , Guo Zhihui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As the core technology of methanol-to-olefins (MTO), the development of a high-efficiency and low-cost molecular sieve catalyst has always been the most important challenge. Herein, SAPO-34 molecular sieves were synthesized by using three different compositions of amorphous aluminium silicate as both Si and Al source under the same conditions. The structure and composition of synthesized SAPO-34s were investigated using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence, while the morphology and physical properties were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption measurements. Compared to the silica sol as the Si source, the SAPO-34s prepared with amorphous aluminium silicate show the higher solid yields and crystallinity, larger surface area and lower numbers of acid sites. Besides the effect of Si, the effect of the Al source on the textural structure and catalytic performance of SAPO-34s in MTO reactions was investigated in detail. The results confirmed that the SAPO-34s prepared using amorphous aluminium silicate have low Si content and hierarchical structure, which results in a longer catalytic lifetime and higher selectivity for light olefins. The sample S2 exhibited the longest lifetime of 214 min and the highest selectivity for light olefins of 85.37%. This also provides a potential for the approach to obtain a high-efficiency catalyst with enhanced catalytic performance and low cost.
Diagnosis 101: diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Lerma Edgar V 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) attributed to diabetes occurs in 20%–40% of patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is recognized as the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease in the USA and most Western countries. For quite some time, it has been recognized that treatments based on inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can reduce the rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with DKD. Recently however, several novel agents, namely sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, were demonstrated to not only improve glycemic control but also to improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Another agent, a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid antagonist, has also been shown to have cardiorenal benefits in patients with DKD. With such new developments, one would expect that it would eventually translate into further slowing CKD progression in the DKD population, provided that patients are diagnosed appropriately and in a timely manner. In this study, the authors attempt to investigate real-world data, looking at how well providers are establishing the diagnosis of DKD and its potential implications.
FGDB: a comprehensive graph database of ligand fragments from the Protein Data Bank
Authors: Toti Daniele , Macari Gabriele , Barbierato Enrico , Polticelli Fabio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work presents Fragment Graph DataBase (FGDB), a graph database of ligand fragments extracted and generated from the protein entries available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). FGDB is meant to support and elicit campaigns of fragment-based drug design, by enabling users to query it in order to construct ad hoc, target-specific libraries. In this regard, the database features more than 17 000 fragments, typically small, highly soluble and chemically stable molecules expressed via their canonical Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) representation. For these fragments, the database provides information related to their contact frequencies with the amino acids, the ligands they are contained in and the proteins the latter bind to. The graph database can be queried via standard web forms and textual searches by a number of identifiers (SMILES, ligand and protein PDB ids) as well as via graphical queries that can be performed against the graph itself, providing users with an intuitive and effective view upon the underlying biological entities. Further search mechanisms via advanced conjunctive/disjunctive/negated textual queries are also possible, in order to allow scientists to look for specific relationships and export their results for further studies. This work also presents two sample use cases where maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase and mesotrypsin are used as a target, being proteins of high biomedical relevance for the development of cancer therapies.Database URL: http://biochimica3.bio.uniroma3.it/fragments-web/