bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical synthesis of tunable polypyrrole‐based composites on carbon fabric for wide potential window aqueous supercapacitor
Authors: Yazar Sibel , Atun Gülten 
Published: May 2022

SummaryFacile one‐step electrochemical synthesis of a novel graphitic oxide/polypyrrole/2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid composite on carbon fabric were described for development of an efficient positive electrode for supercapacitor applications. The 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonate monomers behave as dopant in 3D polypyrrole network formed by synergetic coupling with graphitic oxide. Their free acrylic groups interact with each other to form polymer‐hydrogel‐layer on the external surface that facilitate transport of aqueous electrolyte ions inside of the electrode. The most efficient electrode material was synthesized by tuning dopant concentration at 0.01 M. The full‐cell assembled using the composite electrode and graphite counter electrode works at 2.2 V in 3 M NaCl solution that equals to the highest values achieved yet for aqueous supercapacitors. This cell has a capacitance as high as 698.8 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 and preserves its initial value even after 10 000 continuous CV cycles at 1000 mV s−1. It also exhibits a high‐energy density of 446.1 W h kg−1 at a power density of 366.7 W kg−1, and it is still 65.2 W h kg−1 at 18.3 kW kg−1. The asymmetric capacitor with 1 × 1 cm2 area successfully lit a red light‐emitting diode.
Secure cloud‐based data storage scheme using postquantum integer lattices‐based signcryption for IoT applications
Authors: Dharminder Dharminder , Kumar Uddeshaya , Das Ashok Kumar , Bera Basudeb , Giri Debasis , Jamal Sajjad Shaukat , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe primary objective of postquantum cryptography (also known as quantum‐resistant cryptography) is to develop the cryptographic systems that need to be robust against both quantum and classical computers, and can also interoperate with the existing communications protocols and networks. In an Internet of Things (IoT) environment, the communicated messages contain sensitive information that are transmitted over an open channel, where message integrity and data privacy become challenging tasks. Although several traditional cryptographic security protocols can be applied for IoT security and data privacy, such as authentication, access control, key agreement, and digital signature, but they are not resilient against quantum attacks. To overcome these issues, in this article, we first present an advanced and efficient construction of postquantum lattice‐based signcryption scheme, and then apply the constructed lattice‐based signcryption in IoT applications, where data sensed by the deployed IoT smart devices is securely stored at the cloud, via the gateway nodes (aggregators). The data stored at the cloud servers cannot be even modified by them due to the involved signatures generated by the aggregators. The formal security analysis shows the robustness of our designed lattice‐based signcryption scheme. Other detailed information security analysis and a performance analysis with the traditional number‐theoretical based public key cryptosystems show the efficacy, and significantly better security and functionality features of the proposed scheme under the lattice‐based postquantum context.
In vivo structural connectome of arousal and motor brainstem nuclei by 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI
Authors: García‐Gomar María Guadalupe , Singh Kavita , Cauzzo Simone , Bianciardi Marta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBrainstem nuclei are key participants in the generation and maintenance of arousal, which is a basic function that modulates wakefulness/sleep, autonomic responses, affect, attention, and consciousness. Their mechanism is based on diffuse pathways ascending from the brainstem to the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain and cortex. Several arousal brainstem nuclei also participate in motor functions that allow humans to respond and interact with the surrounding through a multipathway motor network. Yet, little is known about the structural connectivity of arousal and motor brainstem nuclei in living humans. This is due to the lack of appropriate tools able to accurately visualize brainstem nuclei in conventional imaging. Using a recently developed in vivo probabilistic brainstem nuclei atlas and 7 Tesla diffusion‐weighted images (DWI), we built the structural connectome of 18 arousal and motor brainstem nuclei in living humans (n = 19). Furthermore, to investigate the translatability of our findings to standard clinical MRI, we acquired 3 Tesla DWI on the same subjects, and measured the association of the connectome across scanners. For both arousal and motor circuits, our results showed high connectivity within brainstem nuclei, and with expected subcortical and cortical structures based on animal studies. The association between 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla connectivity values was good, especially within the brainstem. The resulting structural connectome might be used as a baseline to better understand arousal and motor functions in health and disease in humans.
Assessing the efficacy of offline water storage ponds for natural flood management
Authors: Lockwood Tamsin , Freer Jim , Michaelides Katerina , Brazier Richard E. , Coxon Gemma 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLand use changes, landscape modifications and changing climate have resulted in local to regional flood risk increases in recent decades. As an alternative to traditional engineering approaches, there has been a movement towards catchment‐based flood risk management, a subset of which is natural flood management (NFM). NFM aims to enhance flood resilience through the slowing and storing of runoff and flow, based on the restoration and augmentation of hydrological and morphological catchment features. However, despite research highlighting their potential benefits, there is a limited quantity of robust and science‐based empirical evidence on how these structures function in the landscape and their efficacy in reducing flood hazards. To address this knowledge gap and contribute to the growing NFM evidence base, this study evaluates the efficacy of offline water storage ponds for flow attenuation. Two contrasting pond sites in the Tone and Parrett catchment headwaters (SW‐England) were monitored from April 2018 to December 2020 for channel flow, pond volume, and rainfall. Field‐scale, high resolution (1.61 cm spatial support) digital elevation models from Structure‐from‐Motion and manual surveys were collected to quantify pond dynamics and connectivity. A comprehensive, storm definition methodology was developed for event separation, to enable quantification of the impact of pond behaviour on stream flow, across storm hydrographs. Results show that where offline ponds function as designed, with direct pond filling from the channel, peak flow attenuation can reach 7% (maximum event AEP of 83%). Smaller events, where pond filling occurs directly from rainfall or runoff display only a maximum of 3% peak flow reduction (event AEP from 83% –>99%). The ability of ponds to attenuate flow is heavily reliant on sufficient structural conditions for ponds to fill directly from the channel and to drain slowly following event peaks. This study provides an empirical database for future NFM applications, including key criteria for future design and for use as observational data in modelling applications, by upscaling the efficacy of ponds to reduce flood impacts at larger scales.
Epistemics of the soul: Epistemic logics in German 18th‐century empirical psychology
Authors: Rydberg Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article examines epistemic logics in 18th‐century German empirical psychology and distinguishes three basic patterns at play throughout the century. First, as empirical psychology was introduced in the 1720s, it relied on the Aristotelian‐scholastic conception of experience as universal and evidently true propositions of how things typically behave in nature. Empirical psychology was here a matter of defining and demonstrating the general nature, structure, and functions of the soul by referring to experiences that most people could recognize as universally and evidently true. Second, around midcentury this logic was challenged as a new generation of philosopher‐physicians launched an empirical psychology based on extraordinary medical cases. Rather than focusing on the general and universal, this new strand of case‐based empirical psychology charted the individual, unique and often abnormal. Third, from the early 1770s, the interest in the individual was complemented by a new discourse on psychological method. Adopting the epistemic techniques developed within natural and experimental philosophy, empirical knowledge of the soul was seen as the result of rigorously conducted singular observations that were frequently repeated and carefully documented and analyzed. Rather than replacing one another sequentially, these three epistemic logics should be understood as cumulative. That is, despite sometimes profound differences, each new logic was layered on top of the existing ones, thereby broadening and increasing the epistemic complexity of empirical psychology.
Global Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity is Unchanged in Bicuspid Aortopathy With Normal Valve Function but Elevated in Patients With Aortic Valve Stenosis: Insights From a 4D Flow MRI Study of 597 Subjects
Authors: Johnson Ethan M.I. , Scott Michael B. , Jarvis Kelly , Allen Bradley , Carr James , Malaisrie S. Christopher , McCarthy Patrick , Mehta Christopher , Fedak Paul W.M. , Barker Alex J. , Markl Michael 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAortopathy is common with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), and underlying intrinsic tissue abnormalities are believed causative. Valve‐mediated hemodynamics are altered in BAV and may contribute to aortopathy and its progression. The contribution of intrinsic tissue defects versus altered hemodynamics to aortopathy progression is not known.PurposeTo investigate relative contributions of tissue‐innate versus hemodynamics in progression of BAV aortopathy.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsFour hundred seventy‐three patients with aortic dilatation (diameter ≥40 mm; comprised of 281 BAV with varied AS severity, 192 tricuspid aortic valve [TAV] without AS) and 124 healthy controls. Subjects were 19–91 years (141/24% female).Field Strength/Sequence1.5T, 3T; time‐resolved gradient‐echo 3D phase‐contrast (4D flow) MRI.AssessmentA surrogate measure for global aortic wall stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV), was quantified from MRI by standardized, automated technique based on through‐plane flow cross‐correlation maximization. Comparisons were made between BAV patients with aortic dilatation and varying aortic valve stenosis (AS) severity and healthy subjects and aortopathy patients with normal TAV.Statistical TestsMultivariable regression, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), Tukey's, student's (t), Mann–Whitney (U) tests, were used with significance levels P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 for post‐hoc Bonferroni‐corrected t/U tests. Bland–Altman and ICC calculations were performed.ResultsMultivariable regression showed age with the most significant association for increased PWV in all groups (increase 0.073–0.156 m/sec/year, R2 = 0.30–48). No significant differences in aortic PWV were observed between groups without AS (P = 0.20–0.99), nor were associations between PWV and regurgitation or Sievers type observed (P = 0.60, 0.31 respectively). In contrast, BAV AS patients demonstrated elevated PWV and a significant relationship for AS severity with increased PWV (covariate: age, R2 = 0.48). BAV and TAV patients showed no association between aortic diameter and PWV (P = 0.73).Data ConclusionNo significant PWV differences were observed between BAV patients with normal valve function and control groups. However, AS severity and age in BAV patients were directly associated with PWV increases.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 3
Normalization techniques for high‐throughput screening by infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Knizner Kevan T. , Bagley Michael C. , Pu Fan , Elsen Nathaniel L. , Williams Jon D. , Muddiman David C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) is an effective analytical tool for high‐throughput screening (HTS) in the drug discovery field. Infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR‐MALDESI) MS is a high‐throughput platform that has achieved analysis times of sub‐seconds‐per‐sample. Due to the high‐throughput analysis speed, methods are needed to increase the analyte signal while decreasing the variability in IR‐MALDESI‐MS analyses to improve data quality and reduce false‐positive hits. The Z‐factor is used as a statistic of assay quality that can be improved by reducing the variation of target ion abundances or increasing signal. Herein we report optimal solvent compositions for increasing measured analyte abundances with direct analysis by IR‐MALDESI‐MS. We also evaluate normalization strategies, such as adding a normalization standard that is similar or dissimilar in structure to the model target drug, to reduce the variability of measured analyte abundances with direct analyses by IR‐MALDESI‐MS in both positive and negative ionization modes.
Sick on the day of the interview? Effects of presenteeism on selection outcomes and the moderating role of raters' perspective‐taking
Authors: Schilpzand Pauline , Restubog Simon Lloyd D. , Chen Yueyang 
Published: May 2022

SummaryIn two experimental studies, we investigate how being sick with a common cold in a selection context influences the appraisals that evaluators form and how, in turn, people appraisal dimensions influence evaluators' hiring recommendations and leadership evaluations. Grounded in people appraisal theory (Cuddy et al., 2008; Fiske et al., 2007), we assess the universal evaluative dimensions of warmth and competence to explain detriments in hiring recommendations and leadership evaluations for applicants with a common cold. Further, we investigate whether a theoretically grounded individual difference variable, namely, the degree to which evaluators take others' perspective, influences the appraisals and subsequent judgments of sick applicants. Results across the two experimental studies, using students and professionals with selection experience, suggest that showing signs of being sick (i.e., presenteeism) had a negative impact on competence appraisals but not warmth appraisals. In addition, attending a job interview while sick had a significantly stronger negative effect on competence appraisals when the rater had a low as opposed to a high level of perspective‐taking. These effects in turn predicted hiring recommendations and leadership evaluations. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice.
Cooking effect on the physicochemical and antioxidant activity of spaghetti added with colored corn flour
Authors: Manzur‐Chávez Angelica , Gayosso‐San Juan Rosa Mareyli , Palma‐Rodríguez Heidi Maria , Montalvo‐González Efigenia , Zamudio‐Flores Paul B. , Vargas‐Torres Apolonio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe consumption of fortified food products is a growing trend because of the awareness of consumers about the importance of following a healthy diet. Therefore, the addition of functional compounds in a food matrix such as spaghetti could bring nutritional benefits to the consumer.ResultsSpaghetti pasta was prepared using a mixture of 60% semolina and 40% colored corn flour (CCF), such as blue, red, and yellow corn. Control pasta (P‐SC) was prepared using 100% semolina. The cooking quality, physicochemical, antioxidant, pasting, and color properties of the pasta were evaluated considering the addition of CCF and cooking effect. Chemical composition showed a decrease in protein content and an increase in fiber content due to the addition of CCF into the mixture. Cooked weight, water absorption, cooking loss (CL), thickness, and color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were affected by the addition of CCF compared to the P‐SC. However, cooking did not affect a* values, while it increased b*. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity such as 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrilhidrazilo (DPPH), 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), increased due to the addition of CCF to the pasta. A reduction in antioxidant activity was observed after cooking, mainly in the TPC. The pasting temperature of the raw pasta was not affected by CCF, but peak viscosity, breakdown, setback and final viscosity were affected both by the addition of CCF to the pasta and by cooking.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that pasta added with 40% CCF maintains the quality properties and antioxidant activity, even after the cooking process.
3D Reconstruction of Phonatory Glottal Shape and Volume: Effects of Neuromuscular Activation
Authors: Reddy Neha K. , Schlegel Patrick , Lee Yoonjeong , Chhetri Dinesh K. 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionAlthough phonatory glottal posture and airflow pulse shape affect voice quality, studies to date have been limited by visualization of vocal fold (VF) vibration from a superior view. We performed a 3D reconstruction of VF vibratory motion during phonation from a medial view and assessed the glottal volume waveform and resulting acoustics as a function of neuromuscular stimulation.Study DesignIn vivo canine hemilarynx phonation.MethodsAcross 121 unique combinations of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) stimulation, the hemilarynx was excited to the oscillation with airflow. VF medial surface reference points were tracked on high‐speed video, mapped into 3D space, and surface shape was restored using cubic spline interpolation. Glottal surface shape, reconstruction‐based parameters, and glottal volume waveform were calculated. Fundamental frequency (F0), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and harmonic amplitude (H1‐H2) were measured from high‐quality audio samples.ResultsThe glottis was convergent during opening and divergent during closing. Neuromuscular activation changed phonatory glottal shape and reduced glottal volume. Significant reduction in glottal volume and closing quotient were present with SLN stimulation. RLN stimulation significantly increased F0 and CPP and decreased H1‐H2 (constricted glottis), while SLN effects were similar and synergistic with concurrent RLN stimulation.Conclusion3D reconstruction of in vivo medial surface vibration revealed effects of laryngeal nerve stimulation on glottal vibratory pattern and acoustic correlates of voice quality. SLN activation resulted in significantly quicker glottal closure per cycle, decreased glottal volume, and higher‐pitched, less breathy, and less noisy voice. RLN had a similar effect on acoustic measures.Level of EvidenceNA, Basic Science Laryngoscope, 133:357–365, 2023
Natural and anthropogenic controls on lake water‐level decline and evaporation‐to‐inflow ratio in the conterminous United States
Authors: Fergus C. Emi , Brooks J. Renée , Kaufmann Philip R. , Pollard Amina I. , Mitchell Richard , Geldhof G. John , Hill Ryan A. , Paulsen Steven G. , Ringold Paul , Weber Marc 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLake water levels are integral to lake function, but hydrologic changes from land and water management may alter lake fluctuations beyond natural ranges. We constructed a conceptual model of multifaceted drivers of lake water levels and evaporation‐to‐inflow ratio (Evap : Inflow). Using a structural equation modeling framework, we tested our model on (1) a national subset of lakes in the conterminous United States with minimal water management to describe natural drivers of lake hydrology and (2) five ecoregional subsets of lakes to explore regional variation in water management effects. Our model fits the national and ecoregional datasets and explained up to 47% of variation in Evap : Inflow, 38% of vertical water level decline, and 79% of horizontal water level decline (littoral exposure). For lakes with minimal water management, Evap : Inflow was related to lake depth (β = −0.31) and surface inflow (β = −0.44); vertical decline was related to annual climate (e.g., precipitation β = −0.18) and water management (β = −0.21); and horizontal decline was largely related to vertical decline (β = 0.73) and lake morphometry (e.g., depth β = −0.18). Anthropogenic effects varied by ecoregion and likely reflect differences in regional water management and climate. In the West, water management indicators were related to greater vertical decline (β = 0.38), whereas in the Midwest, these indicators were related to more stable and full lake levels (β = −0.22) even during drought conditions. National analyses show how human water use interacts with regional climate resulting in contrasting impacts to lake hydrologic variation in the United States.
Testing the usefulness of optical data for zooplankton long‐term monitoring: Taxonomic composition, abundance, biomass, and size spectra from ZooScan image analysis
Authors: Cornils Astrid , Thomisch Karolin , Hase Joanna , Hildebrandt Nicole , Auel Holger , Niehoff Barbara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe pelagic ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean is threatened by severe changes such as the reduction in sea‐ice coverage and increased inflow of warmer Atlantic water. The latter is already altering the zooplankton community, highlighting the need for monitoring studies. It is therefore essential to accelerate the taxonomic identification to speed up sample analysis, and to expand the analysis to biomass and size assessments, providing data for modeling efforts. Our case study in Fram Strait illustrates that image‐based analyses with the ZooScan provide abundance data and taxonomic resolutions that are comparable to microscopic analyses and are suitable for zooplankton monitoring purposes in the Arctic. We also show that image analysis allows to differentiate developmental stages of the key species Calanus spp. and Metridia longa and, thus, to study their population dynamics. Our results emphasize that older preserved samples can be successfully reanalyzed with ZooScan. To explore the applicability of image parameters for calculating total mesozooplankton and Calanus spp. biomasses, we used (1) conversion factors (CFs) translating wet mass to dry mass (DM), and (2) length–mass (LM) relationships. For Calanus spp., the calculated biomass values yielded similar results as direct DM measurements. Total mesozooplankton biomass ranged between 1.6 and 15 (LM) or 2.4 and 21 (CF) g DM m−2, respectively, which corresponds to previous studies in Fram Strait. Ultimately, a normalized biomass size spectra analysis provides 1st insights into the mesozooplankton size structure at different depths, revealing steep slopes in the linear fit in communities influenced by Atlantic water inflow.