bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The FEM Analysis of the Height Protection Equipment of the Crane
Authors: Wang Jingdong , Qin Hao , Wang Bin , Xu Xiudong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
According to the statistical data of special equipment accidents, and in accordance with the requirements of the "double limit" policy, the height limit device of hoisting machinery includes a variety of types, focusing on the two representative types of fire interrupter device and mechanical drive height limit. By establishing a CAD model of the corresponding device mechanism structure, using the finite element method, simulating the movement of the device mechanism, analyzing the force of the structure, and obtaining relevant information, the cause and mechanism of the device failure can be obtained, and then from the design, manufacture, installation and the use of the device. Reliability improvement and enhancement are carried out in multiple links such as inspection.
Analysis of Flow Characteristics of Different Shape Particles Chasing
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Zeng Zhuoxiong , Guo Kaifang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
in order to study the gas flow characteristics of particles with different shapes in the pursuit process, spherical, ellipsoidal and square particles are selected for numerical simulation by fluent. The results show that when the pursuit speed is the same, the streamline produced by square particles in the pursuit process is denser than that of spherical and ellipsoidal particles. Particle movement creates a certain vacuum on both sides and rear of the particle, causing the surrounding air flow to enter the areas on both sides of the particle, resulting in strong turbulence. After the rear particles catch up with the front particles, the changes of the surrounding flow field and streamline are similar to the inverse process before catching up, indicating that the particle motion has a certain regularity, and the square particles have the largest turbulent kinetic energy among the three particles.
Study on the Rheology of AlSi4Mg2 Alloy at Steady State
Authors: Ju Liping , Guan Yanlong , Luo Hongchao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The rheological characteristics of AlSi4Mg2 alloy at steady state are studied theoretically based on the ICF model. It is shown that the solid volume fraction and shear rate have obvious effect on the rheological behaviour. Specifically, the apparent viscosity increases when the solid volume fraction increases and the shear rate decreases, the corresponding microstructure parameter n has the similar trend. It shows that there is a closely relationship between the steady state viscosity and its microstructure. The AlSi4Mg2 alloy has the pseudoplastic behaviour. The agreement of theoretical prediction and the experimental results indicates the ICF model is reliable to predict the rheological behaviour of AlSi4Mg2.
Weld Fatigue Life Analysis of Truck Mixer Sub-frame Based on Equivalent Structural Stress Method
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wu Lina , Chen Tao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to accurately calculate the fatigue life of the sub-frame weld of the mixer truck during the design stage, fatigue analysis of the weld is carried out by equivalent structural stress method. Through the finite element analysis of the frame, the key weld position is researched. By using the inertial release method, the stress response of the frame under the single excitation of the unit load is obtained. Combined with the basic principle of equivalent structural stress, the stress at the weld position is calculated, and the main S-N curve with a survival rate of 50% is selected to predict the fatigue life of the weld. The results show that the fatigue life of the key weld is 105.803 cycles, which fails to reach the design target value. The equivalent structural stress method has the characteristics of grid insensitivity and can better predict the fatigue life of the sub-frame weld of the mixer truck.
Cooling capacity evaluation of passive radiation cooling materials
Authors: Li Tingxuan , Xia Zhilin , Fan Xiaochun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
passive radiation cooling technology has aroused widespread interest and research enthusiasm because it can cool objects with zero energy consumption, and even cool to below the ambient temperature. At present, when evaluating the cooling performance of radiation cooling materials, in order to reduce the impact of air convection heat transfer and improve the radiation cooling capacity of materials, test samples are usually put into incubators for insulation. In this paper, the finite element method was used to analyze the influence of the size and material of the common used structural incubator on the radiation cooling capacity of the test sample, as well as the influence of the selection of reference ambient temperature. Results show that the selection of incubator structure, material and ambient temperature has a obvious impact on the evaluation results of material radiation cooling capacity, especially when the ambient heat convection coefficient is low. Therefore, for comparing the test results of different research work, a unified incubator design is needed, including structural size and material selection.
Study on Dynamic Pore Water Scouring of Asphalt Pavement by Mesoscopic Simulation Method
Authors: Xie Shuzhi , Li Yongpeng , Lu Weipeng , Pu Na , Sun Mingzhi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dynamic water scouring caused by high-speed wheel load is an important cause of asphalt pavement water damage, which seriously affects the service life of asphalt pavement. In this paper, the dynamic water scouring simulation calculation model of asphalt pavement was established by mesoscopic level. Through the simulation model, the water scouring phenomenon of saturated and unsaturated pore in pavement caused by high-speed wheel load was discussed and studied, which mainly considered the influence of wheel speed, pore diameter, pore saturation state and other factors. The main conclusions are as follows: The water pressure, velocity and shear force in the pore are positively correlated with the wheel load velocity in both saturated and unsaturated states. The internal water pressure and fluid velocity of large pore are slightly lower than those of small pore, and the smaller the pore size is, the greater the vacuum negative pressure is. In the unsaturated state, the turbulent kinetic energy in the pore is an order of magnitude larger than that of saturated state, and the larger the pore is, the greater the turbulent kinetic energy is, so the water erosion damage of gas-liquid two-phase flowing is more serious than the saturated state.
The nitrogen footprints of China’s major urban agglomerations: understanding regional challenges to advance sustainable development
Authors: Xian Chaofan , Wu Tong , Lu Fei , Zhang Jingjing , Gong Cheng , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The overgrowth of reactive nitrogen emissions (Nr, all species of nitrogen except N2 gas) is a major cause of environmental pollution, especially in rapidly urbanizing regions. The nitrogen footprint (NF) indicator has been widely used to assess Nr losses occurring from the consumption of food and energy. We undertake the first attempt to apply NF methods to explore the spatial-temporal NF characteristics of major urban agglomerations in China between 2000 and 2019, and find that the highest level of annual NF (average 3868 Gg N yr−1) was produced by the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA), followed by the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration (BTHUA) (average 2657 Gg N yr−1). Their NF growth rates showed similar downward trends during the study period, while the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration (PRDUA) (average 1528 Gg N yr−1) retained a higher growth rate. The average proportions of food NF (FNF) in BTHUA, YRDUA and PRDUA were 57.64%, 68.64% and 66.79%, respectively. Compared to the FNF, the energy NF gradually plays a more important role in China’s urban agglomerations compared to other countries. Analysis of the underlying drivers showed that an increasing urbanization rate boosted the NF of YRDUA, and rising GDP per capita significantly contributed to the NF growths of BTHUA and PRDUA. Through scenario analysis, we found that shifting to healthy dietary patterns and a partial substitution of fossil fuels with clean energy, as well as improvements in rural wastewater treatment, could contribute to NF reductions by 2030. The largest potential NF reduction is predicted in PRDUA (29% reduction), followed by YRDUA (23% reduction) and BTHUA (18% reduction). The energy reduction scenario is considered to be the most realistic in reducing the NF. We demonstrate the potential of the NF as a tool for the assessment of sustainable development in urban agglomeration, which may prove instructive for broader research on sustainable Nr management.
Study of Growth and Production Test of Soybean Varieties on Shade Coconut Trees in Aceh
Authors: Asis  , Pakpahan L E , Idawanni  , Ferayanti F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The conversion occurrence of agricultural land has a significant effect on the decline in soybean production, so that the use of coconut land with a double cropping system to increase national soybean production. Soybean cultivation in agroforestry systems can be applied to soybean cultivation systems under shade with shade-tolerant varieties. This study aims to determine the growth and yield of soybean varieties at various levels of shade of coconut trees. The research was carried out in Paru Keude Village, Bandar Baru District, Pidie Jaya Regency, Aceh, carried out in April – September 2019, with a Split Plot Design. The main plot is shade (N) consisting of no shade (N1), 25% shade (N2) and 50% shade (N3), and the variety plot (V) consists of Dena 1 (V1), Anjasmoro (V2) and Fan Red (V3). The study was analyzed by ANOVA, if the F value was greater than the value in the F table, it was continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a significance level of 95%. The results showed that the Kipas Merah variety had higher plant height than Dena 1 and Anjasmoro, but Dena 1 had higher production at each shade level compared to Anjasmoro and Kipas Merah. Thus, the Dena 1 variety was able to maintain production at all shading conditions.
Yield Test Results of Rice Superior Varieties in Swampland of South Lampung
Authors: Slameto  , Meidaliyantisyah  , Hendra J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The rice commodity is still the main foundation for national food security. Efforts are made to increase rice production to maintain food stability. Superior rice varieties are a solution to increase production. Swampland can be an alternative option for producing rice. This study aims to determine the test results of several rice varieties yield grown in swampland. The study was carried out in Rawa Selapan Village, Candipuro District, South Lampung Regency on 3rd planting season in 2018. The area for planting is 2 ha. Three high yielding rice varieties studied were Ciherang, Inpara-2, and Inpari-42 GSR. Paddy cultivation used rice paddy Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology which spacing was 25 cm x 25 cm (according to local conditions). Plants are fertilized according to soil conditions where Urea was given 150 kg ha- 1, SP-36 100 kg ha-1, and KCl 75 kg ha-1. Rice harvest was done after 95% of panicles turn yellow. Observation variables include components of vegetative and generative growth. The results of the study showed that the new superior rice variety Inpari 42 GSR gave the highest production of 9796.11 kg ha-1 Harvested Dry Grain (HDG). The average yield of Ciherang variety was 7238.57 kg ha-1 HDG and Inpara-2 variety was 6074.29 kg ha-1 HDG. Grain water content conditions after harvest was 14-15%. Rice cultivation technology using new superior varieties of Inpari 42 GSR has high potential to be implemented and adapted in swampland where the land conditions are always inundated.
Effect of Porang Flour and Low-Calorie Sugar Concentration on The Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Jelly Drinks
Authors: Suryana E A , Kamsiati E , Usmiati S , Herawati H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Jelly drink is a fiber-rich drink sourced from hydrocolloid which aims to provide a distinctive viscosity. Hydrocolloids commonly used in the production of jelly drinks are agar, carrageenan, and glucomannan. The use of porang flour in the production of jelly drinks has not been widely reported. This study aims to determine the effect of porang flour and low-calorie sugar concentrations on jelly drinks. This study was prepared using a completely randomized design with a concentration of porang flour (0.25%; 0.50%; 0.75% and 1.00%) combined with low-calorie sugar concentrations (1.00% and 2, 00%). The parameters observed were color, viscosity, pH, and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS). The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the viscosity, pH, TDS, and color of the resulting jelly drink. The increase of porang flour concentration would increase the viscosity and pH values of jelly drink-produced. The use of 1% porang flour produced jelly drinks with the highest viscosity. Products with the best characteristics from the treatment of 1% porang flour combined with 2% low-calorie sugar with a viscosity of 600.25 cP; pH 2,235 and TDS 4,900. With the characteristics color, L 28.29; a -6.8917; b 8,3633; C 6.9067 and H 177.17. The average total sugar content ranged from 2,080-3.870% and the soluble fiber content of the jelly porang drink ranged from 0.1450-1.3926%.
Combination of Edible Coating Green Grass Jelly and Cinnamon Essential Oil Increase the Shelf Life of Water Rose Apple Fruit
Authors: Apriliawati R R , Dewi S S , Utama N A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The research aimed to determine the best concentration from combination of edible coating green grass jelly powder and cinnamon essential oil to extend the shelf life of water rose apple var. Merah Delima. The experiment was conducted in Postharvest Laboratory, University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta from December 2019 to January 2020. This research was conducted with a single factor trial design arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CDR) with 3 replications. The experiment consisted of treatment without coating, 0,2 % powder of grass leaves + 0,4% cinnamon, 0,2 % powder of grass leaves + 0,6% cinnamon, 0,4 % powder of grass leaves + 0,4% cinnamon, and 0,4 % powder of grass leaves + 0,6% cinnamon. The results showed that the treatment of 0,2 % powder of grass leaves + 0,6% cinnamon essential oil was the most effective to extend shelf life and inhibit microbial growth in the fruit.
Determination of Acid Level (pH) and Moisture Content of Cocoa Beans at Various Fermentation Level Using Visible Near-Infrared (Vis-NIR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Priambodo D C , Saputro D , Pahlawan M F R , Saputro A D , Masithoh R E 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFermentation is critical in cacao processing which breakdowns sugar compounds in the pulp into organic acids. The produced organic acids stimulate enzymatic reactions in the beans which affect the flavor, taste, and color of the cacao beans. Acidity (pH) and moisture content of cacao beans influence the quality of cacao during fermentation. Those parameters are commonly measured using pH meter and gravimetric methods which are time-consuming and destructive.Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop non-destructive calibration models to predict the pH and moisture content of cacao beans at various fermentation levels using a visible near-infrared spectrometer and chemometric methods. The samples consisted of 315 cacao beans obtained from 3 regions (Lampung, Makasar, and Kulon Progo) at 3 levels of fermentation (non, half, full). The calibration and prediction models were performed by PLS regression which involves X variables (Vis/NIR measurement results) and Y variable (pH and moisture content). Smoothing, normalization baseline correction, standard normal variate (SNV), and multiplicative scattered correction (MSC) were used for spectra pre-processing. The research showed that the MSC method resulted in the best model for pH with the correlation coefficient of calibration(RC2)and prediction(RP2)were 0.76 and 0.68, respectively. Original and MSC methods resulted in the best model for moisture content with the same value ofRC2of 0.55 andRP2of 0.41. The results showed the capability of Vis/NIR spectroscopy and the important role of chemometrics in developing models for predicting cacao bean quality parameters during fermentation.
Geomechanical and geotechnical features of solid mineral deposits in the Russian North
Authors: Tkach SM 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The author analyzes geomechanical and geotechnical features of solid mineral mining in the north of Russia, and their positive, as well as their beneficial effect and adverse impact on safety and performance of mines. The research performed at the Chersky Institute of Mining of the North, SB RAS is aimed at development and improvement of eco-friendly and efficient innovative geotechnologies, methods and equipment for mineral mining and processes with regard to the specificity of the permafrost zone.
Geochemistry of organic matter of Devonian deposits in Kotelny island (New Siberian Islands) and Selennyakhsky uplift (Omulevsky terrain)
Authors: Zueva IN , Chalaya ON , Safronov AF , Glyaznetsova YuS , Lifshits SKh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
For the purpose of comparative study of oil source properties of Devonian deposits in the central part of Kotelny island (New Siberian Islands) and Selennyakhsky uplift (Omulevsky terrain), geochemical studies of the composition, chemical structure of chloroform-extracted bitumens of organic matter and relict hydrocarbons were conducted. In terms of bituminological parameters, naphthide manifestations are characterized by large variations in the content of organic matter, the yield of chloroform-extracted bitumens, group composition and chemical structure of chloroform-extracted bitumens, which indicates the presence of bituminous varieties as traces of generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons. According to the composition and distribution features of relict hydrocarbons, naphthide manifestations in the central part of Kotelny island and Selennyakhsky uplift show great similarity, which is proved by their common type of aquagenic initial organic matter, its high degree of maturity and a sufficiently high generation potential of Devonian deposits, which entered main oil formation stage and could generate liquid hydrocarbons, and in deeper subsidence zones they reached main gas formation stage. The obtained results on the geochemistry of organic matter confirm the existing viewpoint on general history of geological development and similarity of the formation conditions for oil and gas potential in offshore territories of the Laptev and East Siberian seas as well as in continental part of the East Siberian platform. This allows estimating oil generation potential of organic matter in rocks and oil-and-gas content in offshore Devonian deposits based on the results of a better known continental part of the territory.
Spatial and temporal stability of a reference frame as the basis of deformation monitoring
Authors: Panzhin AA , Panzhina NA 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The authors discuss the choice of a reference frame as the basis of geodynamic monitoring. The monitoring can be either regional, for instance, to embrace the Ural Region, or local, which covers a number of ore bodies and enclosing rock mass. Since rock masses are structured as hierarchies of blocks and feature continuous mobility under the joint natural and induced effects, it is of the current concern to have a reference frame free from any influence of deformation processes. It is proposed to assess spatial and temporal stability of a reference frame by means of its geodetic binding to the global network IGS with subsequent analysis of the displacement directions and velocities relative to the neighbor reference points. Using the obtained information, the most stable reference points are identified, and the velocities and directions of their displacements are compared with the model in ITRF2014 system, which also allows eliminating the background component. The application of the proposed method for assessing spatial and temporal stability of geodetic reference points as the monitoring basis is illustrated.
Effect of ply orientation, staking sequence and notch geometry on the failure behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced epoxy composite laminates: A numerical investigation
Authors: Krishna Prasad G. R. , Faizan Mohammad Rashid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A detailed numerical failure analysis was conducted for unidirectional glass fibre-reinforced epoxy composite laminates having an elliptical cut-out at the centre using Hashin’s damage model. The major axis, a, of the elliptical cut-out was fixed while the minor axis, b, was varied in such a way, that its upper extreme represented a situation of the plate with a circular hole, while the lower extreme of it represented the presence of a sharp crack in the structure. For angle ply cases, plies oriented along the material direction predicted an ever-increasing load replicating an elastic analysis without any damage accumulation. Such exceptionally higher stiffness and resistance to deformation were much anticipated, as the uni-axial tensile load was applied along fibre direction which shares a large portion of the load in comparison to the matrix material. While the plies oriented perpendicular to the direction of the material behaved as the weakest stack-up sequence in resisting uni-axial tensile load. Multi-angle hybrid composites predicted uneven failure behaviour. For the different combinations of multi-angle layups and minor axis, b, different trends for peak loads were observed. Interestingly, extension-shear coupling was observed for a few configurations which were marginally negligible for others. The variation of opening stress along the transverse direction predicts some very interesting observations. For the higher value of b, the opening stress decreases as we moved away from the irregularity. However, the situation of a plate with a sharp crack (b → 0) showed the effect of crack tip blunting. Near the vicinity of the sharp crack, the opening stress first dropped, then picked up, and again kept on decreasing as we move away. The drop in the stress near the vicinity of the sharp crack is attributed to the blunting of the crack tip.
Instability in Casson nanofluids for Darcy-Brinkman model
Authors: Devi M , Sharma J , Gupta U 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The convective instability of Casson nanofluids saturating porous medium is investigated analytically and numerically. Darcy-Brinkman law is utilized to frame the momentum equation for the system. The governing equations are simplified using normal mode analysis and linear stability theory. The present study finds the expressions of thermal Rayleigh number for various boundaries and discusses the convective instability under various effects with the help of Wolfram Mathematica software. Out of all the boundaries, the instability of the layer is found to be least for both rigid boundaries. It is established that the convection in the fluid gets delayed due to porosity effects while non-Newtonian property and nano scale effects contribute significantly in making the layer unstable.