bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Back from the Future
Authors: Garafola Lynn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In Vienna, Nijinska finds her brother catatonic at the Steinhof Sanatorium, a mental hospital; he does not recognize her. When her relationship with Romola Nijinsky breaks down, Nijinska is left penniless and takes a job dancing in a cabaret to support her family. After nearly four months in Vienna, she rejoins Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes, both as a dancer and a choreographer, her first assignment being updating The Sleeping Beauty (renamed The Sleeping Princess by Diaghilev) to make it appealing to a postwar Western audience. The work is hailed by many because of its superb display of classical dance talent, but also because of the ballet’s associations with monarchy, the St. Petersburg myth, and the French Grand Siècle. Nijinska is dismayed by the anti-Soviet feeling she encounters in the company, disappointed at Diaghilev’s artistically conservative turn, and frustrated at his unwillingness to present her new choreography. After a brief rapprochement, she and Kochetovsky agree to divorce.
Where Is Home?
Authors: Garafola Lynn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 1922, as Diaghilev seeks to counter the failure of The Sleeping Princess by steering the Ballets Russes in a new direction, Nijinka becomes his resident choreographer. In Paris, where the company plays back-to-back seasons at the Paris Opéra and Théâtre Mogador, she creates several new ballets, including Le Renard to music by Stravinsky, and Aurora’s Wedding, a distillation of dances from The Sleeping Princess. She reclaims her old Fokine roles and adds several ballets choreographed by Léonide Massine to her repertory, including his version of The Rite of Spring, in which she is cast as the Chosen Maiden. Finally, she dances a number of male roles, including her brother’s in L’Après-midi d’un Faune. Although praised for infusing new life into the Ballets Russes, she dreams of returning to Kiev and continuing her choreographic experiments, but is urged by friends there to stay in the West. After plans to re-establish the School of Movement in Vienna fall through, she arranges for a handful of her male students to leave Kiev and join the Ballets Russes.
A Choreographer for Russia Abroad
Authors: Garafola Lynn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During the next several years, as the effects of the Great Depression deepen, Nijinska takes whatever freelance jobs offer themselves. She works at the Paris Opé ra, for director Max Reinhardt in Berlin, and the Vienna State Opera, where she walks out after only six weeks. But most of her jobs are for “Russia Abroad,” especially the Opéra Russe à Paris, which sponsors evenings of her ballets (including a revival of Petrouchka and the definitive version of her Bach ballet Etude) and which she views, mistakenly, as the nucleus of a new company under her direction. After nineteen years of adoring him from afar, she finds herself in physical proximity with the Russian singing star Fedor Chaliapin. Her obsessive love for him, which she links to her creativity as an artist, becomes the dominant theme of her diaries. In 1930 she publishes her treatise “Movement and the School of Movement” in the Austrian dance journal Schrifttanz.
On the Road
Authors: Garafola Lynn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 1934, Nijinska travels to Hollywood to choreograph the ballets in Max Reinhardt’s legendary film A Midsummer Night’s Dream. The following year, in London, she choreographs Les Cent Baisers (The Hundred Kisses) for the de Basil company, a success that reintroduces her to the city’s ballet community. Tragedy strikes on the return to Paris, when her son is killed and her daughter seriously injured in a car accident that leaves Nijinska and her husband, who was driving, unharmed. Returning to professional life, she stages Les Noces to acclaim in New York, although de Basil, bowing to pressure from Massine, pulls it from the London season, a bitter disappointment for her. After a brief engagement with the Markova-Dolin Ballet, she becomes artistic director of the Polish Ballet, a government-sponsored organization for which she creates several Polish-themed works, including Legend of Cracow and Chopin Concerto, the first of many plotless or semi-plotless ballets to Romantic music, but is replaced by Leon Woizikovsky. When World War II breaks out in Europe in 1939, Nijinska sails with her family to New York.
Sciences
Authors: Denver Dee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sixth chapter begins work on the book’s second objective, scientific analysis of Buddhist teachings, by briefly reviewing the history of scientific philosophy and the scientific method, along with consideration of pseudoscience. The distinctions between inductive and deductive reasoning are explored. Contributions from key shapers of Western scientific thought, from Aristotle to Karl Popper, are highlighted to frame the upcoming hypothesis-guided analysis of Buddhist principles and DNA. The distinctions between science, non-science, and pseudoscience are discussed using the Community of Knowledge Disciplines model as a framework. The chapter concludes with the development and final expression of three specific Buddhist hypotheses, focused on DNA as the analytical target.
Aristotle on Sexual Difference
Authors: Deslauriers Marguerite 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aristotle on Sexual Difference examines Aristotle’s conception of sexual difference—the differences between male and female, men and women—both in his biological works and in his political philosophy. For Aristotle, the problem of sexual difference emerges from the tension between his assertions that the female is imperfect relative to the male and that men by nature should rule over women, and his commitment to two other claims: (1) that sex is a division in the matter and not in the form of the genus animal—so there is no difference in essential form between the male and female members of a sexually differentiated species, and (2) that sexual difference, and therefore the existence of sexed individuals, is good, both for generation and for the political life characteristic of human beings. This book analyzes how Aristotle would describe both the physiological and the psychological defects of women, and then asks how those defects might also be benefits on his account, and how the different defects might be causally connected. It has three aims. The first is to provide a comprehensive analysis of Aristotle’s conception of sexual difference in animal bodies and in political life. The second is to demonstrate that Aristotle takes sexual difference to be valuable to an animal species as well as to the city-state. The third is to establish the link between the explanation Aristotle offers for the deficiencies of the female body and his justification of distinct roles for the sexes in the household and the city.
Introduction
Authors: Asal Victor , Phillips Brian J. , Rethemeyer R. Karl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Why do insurgent organizations sometimes kill civilians? This chapter provides an introduction to the book, starting with historical examples of insurgent organizations attacking civilians—but noting that some organizations do so more than others. Examples discussed include Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Boko Haram, and ISIS. The chapter defines the key concepts of insurgent group, civil conflict, and civilian targeting. It then reviews the state of the growing research on the topic of civilian victimization by insurgent groups, noting that common explanations include group weakness and operating in democratic countries. Shortcomings in the literature are discussed. The chapter concludes with an outline of the rest of the book, summarizing each of the subsequent chapters.
Why Do Some Insurgent Groups Attack Journalists?
Authors: Asal Victor , Phillips Brian J. , Rethemeyer R. Karl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses an understudied subset of civilian targeting: attacks on journalists. Violence against journalists is not simply violence against civilians but also a threat to communication and knowledge, including about governance and conflict. As with attacks against schools, given the relative rarity of such violence, it is somewhat difficult to identify explanatory factors. With regard to violence against journalists, interorganizational alliances are one of the few variables that seem to help explain this type of bloodshed. This is perhaps due to organizations learning about tactics from their peers. In addition, regime type seems to be important because insurgent groups in more democratic countries are more likely to attack the news media.
The Best Beloved Thing is Justice
Authors: Kloppenberg Lisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dorothy Wright Nelson was a prominent federal judge on the level just below the U.S. Supreme Court for over 40 years. One of the early tenured female law professors and one of the rare female deans in the U.S. legal academy in the 1960s and 1970s, her expertise was in reforming courts to make them more just and accessible for all people. When she became a federal judge in 1980, she helped to make the federal courts more efficient and provide litigants with alternatives—including mediation and arbitration—to resolve cases without greater expense and delay. An ardent believer in more peaceful resolution of conflicts, Judge Nelson educated judges around the world on conflict resolution and the rule of law, often while engaging quietly in human rights advocacy for persecuted Bahá’ís. Her Bahá’í Faith also inspired her judicial opinions providing more equality and due process for the marginalized, including the poor, racial minorities, immigrants, mentally ill, and the powerless. Dorothy and her husband, a state court judge, balanced their professional achievements with their personal commitments in a manner unusual for their time. They devoted considerable energy to raising their two children, spending time with their extended family, and engaging in Bahá’í activities (including world travel, youth camps, weekly Sunday School, and “firesides” in their home). This book captures the life story of an extraordinary female leader and trailblazer in a highly traditional, male-dominated profession, unafraid to challenge the status quo in her pleasant, optimistic, determined, and collegial manner.
Life on the Bench
Authors: Kloppenberg Lisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers Dorothy Wright Nelson’s transition to the federal bench. A proponent of merit selection, she worked with national leaders to open the doors for more women and minorities to become federal judges before President Carter appointed her as one of the early female federal appellate judges in the United States. She relished the opportunity to employ her ideas about court reform and alternatives to litigation at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. She won awards for her progress in making mediation and other alternatives available in the federal courts. She improved efficiencies within the Ninth Circuit, helping to reduce a significant backlog of cases. She became a leader among the judges, building community within the Ninth Circuit because of the way she treated judges, lawyers, law clerks, and civil servants and the opportunities she brought them.
Xi Jinping
Authors: Chan Alfred L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This book, in one convenient volume, is the first comprehensive exploration of all episodes of Xi Jinping’s (b. 1953) life history and his political career, begun at age seventeen. Part I explores Xi’s formative childhood and youth experience as well as his governance record spanning every administrative level from the village to the capital. Part II focuses on Xi’s first five-year term as general secretary (2012–2017) and as president (2013–2018). The book discusses all major issues, including Xi’s legitimacy building, consolidation of power, ideological redefinition, party rectification, anticorruption efforts, and control of dissent up until 2018. It explores reforms in the economy, social policy, the judiciary, military, and foreign relations in the same period. Xi’s political life mirrors the vicissitudes of the Maoist and reform eras and sheds light on the regime’s hopes and fears, strengths and weaknesses, and the changing zeitgeist. By adopting a multidisciplinary, comparative, and social science approach, this book unpacks and explains immensely complex phenomena, and offers fresh insights into the dynamics of governance in China, encompassing both progressive and regressive features. It synthesizes a large corpus of cutting-edge research on China, takes issue with influential theories such as the “one party, two coalitions” view of Chinese politics, and rejects conventional wisdom that views China as a “frozen and closed system” under “one-man rule.” This original contribution to scholarship explores how Xi Jinping and his team introduced an unprecedented transformation of Chinese society and politics, and initiated an activist global outreach.
Early Career
Authors: Chan Alfred L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
After graduation from Tsinghua University Xi began at the top, becoming a secretary to Minister of Defense Geng Biao, veteran revolutionary and family friend. Xi became privy to national military affairs and accompanied Geng when he visited the United States at a time when Beijing was treated almost as a US ally. After three years at the capital, he picked the politically correct option to again “go down,” becoming party chief for poor and backward Zhengding County. Here, Xi battled Maoist conservatives to promote family farming, tourism, socioeconomic development, and better treatment of intellectuals. Xi’s governance experience was later dramatized in a novel and adapted into a popular TV series, which has entered Chinese political lore. Xi was included in the “third echelon,” the Party’s campaign to rejuvenate the leadership by grooming thousands of successors. In the twenty-first century, members of this group entered the top leadership of the Party and the state.
Seventeen Years in Fujian
Authors: Chan Alfred L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Xi moved to Fujian during China’s early reform period, when economic backwardness and underdevelopment were the key issues. In the Xiamen Special Economic Zone he experimented with a market economy and “opening up,” and at backward Ningde he combated poverty and corruption. At Fuzhou Xi’s opening policy was designed to attract foreign investment from Taiwan and Hong Kong. With Taiwan, he treaded a fine line between economic engagement and military threat and succeeded in securing the three “lesser links” (postal, transportation, and trade) with Taiwan. Xi initiated many changes in the province necessitated by China’s entry into the World Trade Organization, and put forward slogan-cum-policies such as “limited and service-oriented government.” Apart from dealing with issues such as human trafficking, pollution, and food safety, Xi managed to introduce a rudimentary social safety net for the urban population and assistance for small and medium enterprises. He emerged untainted by the massive Yuanhua smuggling scandal.
The Sixteenth Party Congress, 2002, and Governing Zhejiang, 2002–2007 (Age Forty-Nine to Fifty-Four)
Authors: Chan Alfred L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Sixteenth Party Congress featured China’s first-ever peaceful transition of power, and Xi was advanced into the Central Committee. Thanks to a thriving entrepreneurial spirit, Zhejiang had transformed itself into an economic powerhouse and China’s richest province by the beginning of this century. However, the hitherto successful Zhejiang model was in a dire need of modification when Xi took over as governor. Zhejiang’s highly developed economy often triggered socio/economic/political issues much sooner than the rest of China, and the Party Center placed high demands on it to show results and to act as a laboratory for new policies. Xi attempted to upgrade the economy, realign government-market relationships, and promote the private sector. Policies he introduced to address issues such as environmental protection, rural development, social unrest, and political and democratic reforms helped preserve Zhejiang’s national champion status in many respects. However, complex and intractable developmental issues, as often is the case, remained.
Modernizing the Military and Recalibrating Foreign Relations
Authors: Chan Alfred L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Xi effected the most sweeping restructuring of the military since 1949 to strengthen national defense, enforce territorial claims, and defend Beijing’s far-flung interests. Xi further centralized control of the PLA in the Central Military Commission, where he is chair, so that he could fight corruption and ensure the military’s loyalty to the Party. He also ordered the PLA and the People’s Armed Police to withdraw from business ventures. This chapter examines Beijing’s relations with Hong Kong, Taiwan, and foreign countries by referring to four layers of analysis: (1) continuity and change; (2) interdependence, cooperation, and conflict; (3) realist, liberal, and constructivist perspectives; and (4) system, state, and individual levels of analysis. It evaluates Beijing’s attempt to enhance China’s economic power and to enmesh the world with megaprojects such as the Belt and Road Initiative, and with its support of international institutions like the UN and peacekeeping forces.
Conclusion
Authors: Chan Alfred L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter summarizes two major schools of thought interpreting the rise of China, the Xi Jinping phenomenon, and possible trajectories of change. The malignant/pessimistic school highlights oppressive rule that stifles dissent and civil society, and threatens to undermine liberal democracy, the liberal global order, and US interests. The benign/optimistic school emphasizes China’s sterling record in economic growth, poverty alleviation, improvement in welfare, and contribution to global interconnectedness and development. A third distinct perspective is a self-critical Western reflection on how arrogant and ethnocentric biases have consistently misread the Chinese experience. The chapter cautions against the nirvana fallacy and Manichaean views because they miss the dynamics and complexity of a fast-developing China. The chapter refers to a variety of conceptualizations of leadership—transactional and transformative leadership, “authentic” and “destructive” leadership—paying special attention to the neglected subject of leadership in developing areas. It is important, the chapter concludes, to get China right.
Looking for the Economy-Wide Impact
Authors: Roe Mark J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 considers whether basic data supports the significance of those channels through which stock market short-termism is seen as seriously damaging the economy. One purported channel from the stock market to economic weakness is that said to be that its impatience with R&D induces less of it and corporations are cutting it; but corporate R&D has been steadily rising, and it’s rising faster than the economy is growing; this widespread view of severe R&D cutbacks is simply false. That reality lowers the policy stakes, by making the question not whether corporate R&D is being cut (it isn’t) but whether it’s rising fast enough and whether a differently-configured stock market would induce it to rise faster. Another purported channel is that the stock market’s short-termism forces business to invest less in new factories and equipment unwisely. While the United States is indeed investing less, its weakening investment is no less than that in wealthy economies that do not rely as heavily on stock markets. Something else seems to be at work. As for the third channel—forcing corporations to drain away their cash to stockholders, mostly via stock buybacks, thereby crippling our economic future—a full analysis of the buyback transaction shows that buybacks, when fully accounted for, are not draining cash out of US corporations. None of these channels to economic degradation receives strong support from the data. Some versions are simply incorrect.
Cures and Their Limits
Authors: Roe Mark J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chapter 9 examines the prominent proposed cures for short-termism based on taxing and regulating financial markets: ending stock buybacks, eliminating quarterly reports, taxing short-term capital gains, taxing financial transactions, and promoting loyalty shares. It shows that these would generally hit stock market short-termism (if it really is a serious problem) only weakly and would in some instances generate other costs that need to be weighed. Encouraging or removing barriers to long-term blockholding is a proposal prominent with some academics. If stock-market-driven short-termism is considered an attention-worthy problem, only one or two proposed solutions, such as encouraging blockholding, should be seriously considered for anti-short-termism policymaking.
Confusing Short-Termism with Accelerating Technological Change
Authors: Roe Mark J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chapter 10 looks at alternate explanations for why the stock market short-termism story has become prominent. Technological change is moving faster than ever, disrupting jobs more than ever, and making some businesses bankrupt or passé before they are old. This disruption’s source is seen to originate in the stock market but is largely a product of modern life that disorients too many people too often. It is why we have a serious social problem, but not one originating in stock market trading.
Evil in Mind
Authors: Burris Christopher T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Evil in Mind: The Psychology of Harming Others offers readers an accessible, social-scientific understanding of the concept of evil and its various incarnations. Rather than simply using “evil” as an undefined synonym for human nastiness, Part 1 of the book first establishes when and why people apply the “evil” label to perpetrators and their misdeeds. It also addresses why most people do not want to see themselves—or be seen by others—as evil: Being labeled “evil” is the ultimate signifier of social rejection. Indeed, although dogged pursuit of good feelings and the effortful avoidance of bad feelings often causes suffering for others, people make use of an astounding array of cognitive reframing and self-presentation strategies to dodge the “evil” label. Part 2 illustrates how these core principles can aid comprehension of phenomena such as hate, sadism, serial killers, and group-based evil such as genocide, corporate wrongdoing, and familial abuse. Throughout, Evil in Mind attempts to nudge the reader toward a mindset that is self-reflective rather than ghoulish or self-congratulatory: Whether one’s actions result in harm that is horrifically irreparable or comparatively minor, the motives driving such actions and the menu of goals and strategies for deflecting condemnation are not really all that different. Thus, Evil in Mind presents the reader with a systematic, research-based psychological analysis of the phenomenon of evil that is compact, digestible, and potentially transformative.