bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MANEJO INTEGRADO DE PRAGAS NA EUCALIPTOCULTURA: INSETICIDAS E PARASITOIDES SÃO COMPATÍVEIS?
Authors: Pereira Elizangela Souza , Caldeira Zaira Vieira , Soares Marcus Alvarenga 
Published: September 2022

Com o aumento de área plantada existe uma maior demanda por agrotóxicos no setor florestal. Entretanto, o uso incorreto e indiscriminado destas substâncias tem levado à seleção de insetos resistentes, impactos indesejáveis ao ambiente, além de reduzir as populações de inimigos naturais. Nos últimos anos tem crescido o interesse por princípios ativos que apresentem menor risco, ou seja, inseticidas seletivos. Com o intuito de reduzir a utilização do controle químico minimizar os impactos negativos, sua associação com o controle biológico utilizando inimigos naturais, como os parasitoides, tem sido uma alternativa promissora. O objetivo desta revisão foi sistematizar as evidências científicas sobre a compatibilidade destes dois métodos de controle e analisar os impactos da aplicação de inseticidas em insetos não alvos, como os parasitoides de pragas presentes na eucaliptocultura. Dentre as classes de inseticidas utilizadas, os organofosforados, carbamatos e piretroides estão entre os mais nocivos às diversas espécies de parasitoides, principalmente Trichogramma sp. Os reguladores de crescimento, biológicos e os neonicotinoides são considerados mais seletivos quando comparados às demais classes.
Aspectos básicos en la Inferencia Estadística para Cadenas de Markov en tiempo discreto
Authors: Pantí-Trejo Henry , Batún Cutz José , Cool Padilla Rubén , Kantún Chim Diódora , Guerrero Lara Ernesto 
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un panorama general sobre la inferencia estadística para las cadenas de Markov en tiempo discreto, utilizando artículos y libros publicados sobre estos modelos. Los temas que en este artículo se abordan incluyen: estimación puntual y por intervalos para las probabilidades de transición y una prueba de hipótesis para el supuesto de homogeneidad en una cadena de Markov. A lo largo del artículo se presentan ejemplos tomados de la literatura, en los que se aplica el modelo de cadenas de Markov para resolver problemas de interés, y que sirven de ilustración para propósitos de este trabajo. Este trabajo espera brindar apoyo a personas interesadas en un primer contacto con las cadenas de Markov y que sirva de guía en su busqueda de información sobre el tema.
Accelerating Early Massive Galaxy Formation with Primordial Black Holes
Authors: Liu Boyuan , Bromm Volker 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent observations with JWST have identified several bright galaxy candidates at z ≳ 10, some of which appear unusually massive (up to ∼1011
M
⊙). Such early formation of massive galaxies is difficult to reconcile with standard ΛCDM predictions, demanding a very high star formation efficiency (SFE), possibly even in excess of the cosmic baryon mass budget in collapsed structures. With an idealized analysis based on linear perturbation theory and the Press–Schechter formalism, we show that the observed massive galaxy candidates can be explained with lower SFE than required in ΛCDM if structure formation is accelerated/seeded by massive (≳109
M
⊙) primordial black holes (PBHs) that make a up a small fraction (∼10−6–10−3) of dark matter, considering existing empirical constraints on PBH parameters. We also discuss the potential observational signatures of PBH cosmologies in the JWST era. More work needs to be done to fully evaluate the viability of such PBH models to explain observations of the high-z Universe.
How to automate the extraction and analysis of information for educational purposes
Authors: Calvera-Isabal Miriam , Santos Patricia , Hoppe H.-Ulrich , Schulten Cleo 
Published: September 2022

There is an increasing interest and growing practice in Citizen Science (CS) that goes along with the usage of websites for communication as well as for capturing and processing data and materials. From an educational perspective, it is expected that by integrating information about CS in a formal educational setting, it will inspire teachers to create learning activities. This is an interesting case for using bots to automate the process of data extraction from online CS platforms to better understand its use in educational contexts. Although this information is publicly available, it has to follow GDPR rules. This paper aims to explain (1) how CS communicates and is promoted on websites, (2) how web scraping methods and anonymization techniques have been designed, developed and applied to collect information from online sources and (3) how these data could be used for educational purposes. After the analysis of 72 websites, some of the results obtained show that only 24.8% includes detailed information about the CS project and 48.61% includes information about educational purposes or materials.
El interés y la práctica de la ciencia ciudadana (CC) ha aumentado en los últimos años. Esto ha derivado en el uso de páginas web como herramienta de comunicación, recolección o análisis datos o repositorio materiales y recursos. Desde una perspectiva educativa, se espera que al integrar información sobre proyectos de CC en un entorno educativo formal, se inspire a los maestros a crear actividades de aprendizaje. Este, es un caso interesante para usar bots que automaticen el proceso de extracción de datos de webs de CC que ayuden a comprender mejor su uso en contextos educativos. Aunque esta información está disponible públicamente, se deben seguir las reglas de la ley de protección de datos o GDPR. Este artículo tiene como objetivo explicar: 1) cómo la CC se comunica y promueve en los sitios web; 2) cómo se diseñan, desarrollan y aplican los métodos de web scraping y las técnicas de anonimización para recopilar información en línea; y 3) cómo se podrían usar estos datos con fines educativos. Tras el análisis de 72 webs algunos de los resultados son que solo el 24,8% incluye información detallada sobre el proyecto, y el 48,61% incluye información sobre propósitos o materiales educativos.
Reflections on the ethics, potential, and challenges of artificial intelligence in the framework of quality education (SDG4)
Authors: Flores-Vivar Jesús-Miguel , García-Peñalvo Francisco-José 
Published: September 2022

This article analyses and reflects on the ethical aspects of using artificial intelligence (AI) systems in educational contexts. On the one hand, the impact of AI in the field of education is addressed from the perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals (specifically, SDG4) of the UNESCO 2030 Agenda, describing the opportunities for its use by teachers and students. On the other hand, there is an emphasis on the uncertainties caused by the fears of some who think, for example, that AI robots will replace human teachers. The methodology used is based on a documentary review, supported by reports and studies conducted by researchers as well as institutions and organizations committed to the development of AI and its capacity for action in the educational field, and the ethical questions that experts and organizations around the world are raising. The results seek to influence and deepen the ethical implications that AI can have in the educational field. Finally, some critical questions about the ethics and challenges of AI in education are proposed, concluding with the need to add proposals with new research and political actions which could lead to the creation of an ethical observatory of AI for education.
El artículo analiza y reflexiona sobre aspectos coyunturales de la ética en el uso de los sistemas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en contextos educativos. Se aborda, por un lado, el impacto de la IA en el campo de la Educación, desde la perspectiva de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (concretamente, ODS4) de la Agenda 2030 de la UNESCO, describiendo las oportunidades en su uso por parte de docentes y estudiantes. Por otro, se hace hincapié en las incertidumbres, sobrevenidas por los temores de algunos que piensan, por ejemplo, que los robots de IA reemplazarán a los profesores humanos. La metodología utilizada se basa en la revisión documental que parte de informes y estudios de investigadores, así como de instituciones y organismos comprometidos con el desarrollo de la Inteligencia Artificial y de su capacidad de acción en el ámbito educativo, para, a partir de ahí, abordar las cuestiones éticas que se vienen planteando por parte de expertos y de organizaciones de todo el mundo. Los resultados obtenidos buscan incidir y profundizar en las implicaciones éticas que la Inteligencia Artificial puede tener en el ámbito educativo. Finalmente, se proponen algunas cuestiones clave de la ética y los retos de la IA en la educación concluyéndose en la necesidad de sumar propuestas con nuevas investigaciones y acciones políticas, retos que podrían materializarse con la creación de un observatorio ético de IA para la educación.
(Un)founded fear towards the algorithm: YouTube recommendations and polarisation
Authors: García-Marín Javier , Serrano-Contreras Ignacio-Jesús 
Published: September 2022

Social media have established a new way of communicating and understanding social relationships. At the same time, there are downsides, especially, their use of algorithms that have been built and developed under their umbrella and their potential to alter public opinion. This paper tries to analyse the YouTube recommendation system from the perspectives of reverse engineering and semantic mining. The first result is that, contrary to expectations, the issues do not tend to be extreme from the point of view of polarisation in all cases. Next, and through the study of the selected themes, the results do not offer a clear answer to the proposed hypotheses, since, as has been shown in similar works, the factors that shape the recommendation system are very diverse. In fact, results show that polarising content does not behave in the same way for all the topics analysed, which may indicate the existence of moderators –or corporate actions– that alter the relationship between the variables. Another contribution is the confirmation that we are dealing with non-linear, but potentially systematic, processes. Nevertheless, the present work opens the door to further academic research on the topic to clarify the unknowns about the role of these algorithms in our societies.
Las redes sociales han instaurado una nueva forma de comunicarse y entender las relaciones sociales. A su vez, en lo que podría entenderse como un aspecto negativo, los algoritmos se han construido y desarrollado bajo el paraguas de un amplio abanico de conjeturas y diferentes posiciones al respecto de su capacidad para dirigir y orquestar la opinión pública. El presente trabajo aborda, desde los procesos de ingeniería inversa y de minado semántico, el análisis del sistema de recomendación de YouTube. De este modo, y, en primer lugar, reseñar un resultado clave, las temáticas analizadas de partida no tienden a extremarse. Seguidamente, y mediante el estudio de los temas seleccionados, los resultados no ofrecen una clara resolución de las hipótesis propuestas, ya que, como se ha mostrado en trabajos parecidos, los factores que dan forma al sistema de recomendación son variados y de muy diversa índole. De hecho, los resultados muestran cómo el contenido polarizante no es igual para todos los temas analizados, lo que puede indicar la existencia de moderadores –o acciones por parte de la compañía– que alteran la relación entre las variables. Con todo ello, trabajos como el presente abren la puerta a posteriores incursiones académicas en las que trazar sistematizaciones no lineales y con las que, tal vez, poder arrojar un sustento más neto y sustancial que permita despejar por completo parte de las dudas sobre el papel de los algoritmos y su papel en fenómenos sociales recientes.
Enumeration of three-quadrant walks via invariants: some diagonally symmetric models
Authors: Bousquet-Mélou Mireille 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the past$20$years, the enumeration of plane lattice walks confined to a convex cone—normalized into the first quadrant—has received a lot of attention, stimulated the development of several original approaches, and led to a rich collection of results. Most of these results deal with the nature of the associated generating function: for whichmodelsis it algebraic, D-finite, D-algebraic? Bymodel, what we mean is a finite collection of allowed steps.More recently, similar questions have been raised for nonconvex cones, typically the three-quadrant cone$\mathcal {C} = \{ (i,j) : i \geq 0 \text { or } j \geq 0 \}$. They turn out to be more difficult than their quadrant counterparts. In this paper, we investigate a collection of eight models in$\mathcal {C}$, which can be seen as the first level of difficulty beyond quadrant problems. This collection consists of diagonally symmetric models in$\{-1, 0,1\}^2\setminus \{(-1,1), (1,-1)\}$. Three of them are known not to be D-algebraic. We show that the remaining five can be solved in a uniform fashion using Tutte’s notion ofinvariants, which has already proved useful for some quadrant models. Three models are found to be algebraic, one is (only) D-finite, and the last one is (only) D-algebraic. We also solve in the same fashion the diagonal model$\{ \nearrow , \nwarrow , \swarrow , \searrow \}$, which is D-finite. The three algebraic models are those of the Kreweras trilogy,$\mathcal S=\{\nearrow , \leftarrow , \downarrow \}$,$\mathcal S^*=\{\rightarrow , \uparrow , \swarrow \}$, and$\mathcal S\cup \mathcal S^*$.Our solutions take similar forms for all six models. Roughly speaking, the square of the generating function of three-quadrant walks with steps in$\mathcal S$is an explicit rational function in thequadrantgenerating function with steps in$\mathscr S:= \{(j-i,j): (i,j) \in \mathcal S\}$. We derive various exact or asymptotic corollaries, including an explicit algebraic description of a positive harmonic function in$\mathcal C$for the (reverses of the) five models that are at least D-finite.
Publicidad institucional como fenómeno integrador ante la inmigración en España: régimen jurídico
Authors: Martínez Pastor Esther , Vizcaíno Laorga Ricardo 
Published: September 2022

El fenómeno de la inmigración en España ha experimentado un incremento inusitado en la última década. En España la comunicación institucional está recogiendo esta sensibilidad aunque de forma lenta y poco coherente con la distribución geográfica de la inmigración. Actualmente, las campañas de la Administración relativas a la sensibilización tienen dos propósitos: la integración y la aceptación. Este estudio se fundamenta en dos puntos de vista: el jurídico y el comunicacional. Se parte de la legislación actual en esta materia y su relación con las campañas institucionales de carácter nacional y autonómico. Se muestra las opiniones y los sentimientos de afinidad, indiferencia o rechazo de los propios inmigrantes sobre la imagen que la publicidad institucional de las Administraciones Públicas representan de ellos. Y así mismo, se describen las actuaciones que actualmente se realizan en España desde la publicidad institucional.
Governabilitas peran pemerintah desa Girikarto dalam pengembangan wisata Heha Ocean View
Authors: Musmulyadi Musmulyadi , Setyowati Yuli 
Published: September 2022

Peran pemerintah desa dalam membanggun kawasan wisata Girikarto untuk kehidupan masyarakat lebih baik, memeiliki program-program kebijakan yang di implementasikan oleh pemerintah Desa Girikarto, menjaga konsistensi dari partisipasi masyarakat dengan melibatkan masyarakat dalam setiap proses pembangunan dan pengembangan kawasan wisata, tidak adanya pelatihan dan pendampingan terkait kepariwisataan serta menjalin kemitraan yang berorientasi pada pemenuhan sumber daya produktif untuk meningkatkan kualitas destinasi wisata peran pemerintah desa dalam mengelola kawasan wisata diharapkan mampu memberikan manfaat terhadap masyarakat Desa Girikarto.
Оценка динамики эпизоотического состояния центрального участка Кызылкумского природного очага чумы и экономических рисков при завозе и распространения чумы
Authors: Дмитриев Артём , Неъматов Аминжон 
Published: September 2022

Установлено, что на Центральном участке Кызылкумов в период с 1991 по 2021 г.г. отмечено 5 пиков численности основного носителя чумного микроба, выявлено явление деградации численности основного носителя при снижении количества эктопаразитов. Оценено влияние глобальных предикторов на численность грызунов и их эктопаразитов. Культуры чумы на Центральном участке Кызылкумов в подавляющем большинстве выделены от большой песчанки. Центрально-Кызылкумский участок относится к ареалу со средним прогностическим потенциалом эпизоотичности по чуме. Установлено, что сумма затрат на локализацию и ликвидацию очага чумы, с выявлением 1 больного чумой в 2,8 раз больше, чем, в сравнении с данными за 2020 год, сумма затрат на содержание непосредственно противочумной станции г. Учкудук. Требуется постоянный контроль за состоянием эпизоотической активности Центрально-кызылкумской территории Республики Узбекистан путем подробного эпизоотологического обследования всей площади очага.
Vision Therapy Interventions to Support Occupational Performance for People With Traumatic Brain Injury With Visual Symptoms (June 2013–October 2020)
Authors: Kaldenberg Jennifer , Newman Robin , Jimenez Christine , Walker Mary 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Systematic Review Briefs provide a summary of the findings from systematic reviews developed in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Evidence-Based Practice Program. Each Systematic Review Brief summarizes the evidence on a theme related to a systematic review topic. This Systematic Review Brief presents findings from the systematic review on the effectiveness of interventions that address visual impairments and visual perception to improve occupational performance for adults with traumatic brain injury.
Education and Skill-Building Interventions for Caregivers of Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury (2013–2020)
Authors: Acord-Vira Amanda , Davis Diana , Boyd Emily , Wheeler Steven 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Systematic Review Briefs provide a summary of the findings from systematic reviews developed in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Evidence-Based Practice Program. Each Systematic Review Brief summarizes the evidence on a theme related to a systematic review topic. This Systematic Review Brief presents findings from the systematic review on interventions for caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury that facilitate participation in the caregiver role.
Utilization of “Benda” (Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex Blume) in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia: An Ethnobotanical Case Study
Authors: Susiarti Siti , Rahayu Mulyati , Kuncari Emma Sri , Astuti Inggit Puji 
Published: September 2022

Family Moraceae consists of 60 genera, one of which is the genus of Artocarpus. One species of Artocarpus is A. elasticus, known as Benda by local people in Bogor. Its fruit is used as an alternative food but it is still less known. This study was carried out to evaluate the use of A. elasticus in Bogor as food and its surroundings by direct observations in the field and interviews with selected informants and proximate analysis. The results of the study revealed that the fruit and the seeds are eaten like other species of Artocarpus; i.e. A. heterophyllus (Jackfruit), A. champeden, the wood of Benda is used for cabinets and latex to catch birds. A. elasticus is quite rare now, and the seeds have a high carbohydrate content. So there is a need for intensive cultivation to maintain its sustainability.
Novi podatki o misiji Clowder, ki jo je vodil George Fielding
Authors: Dornik Šubelj Ljuba 
Published: September 2022

Avtorica na podlagi v zadnjih letih objavljenih študij opozarja na pravo identiteto člana Fieldingove misije, ki je bil tako v dokumentih OZNE kot tudi v britanski literaturi označen z različnimi imeni: kot Georges Charles Banks ali Albert Edward Parks oziroma Joseph (Sepp) Innerhofer in Jean Georgeau. V resnici so bila to tajna imena, ki sta jih SOE in SIS dala Tirolcu Hubertu Mayrju, španskemu borcu, ki ga je ta organizacija kot poročnika napotila v sestavi Fieldingove misije avgusta 1944, da bi po pristanku v Karniji blizu kraja Tramonti, kjer so delovali med italijanskimi partizani poskušal prodreti v Avstrijo in tam dvigniti vstajo proti nacistom ter tako pomagati Avstriji pri ponovni obnovitvi samostojnosti po končani vojni. Njegova prizadevanja niso bila uspešna, žal pa se je njegovo življenje in življenje njegovih sodelavcev oziroma kurirjev Roberta Moserja in Georga Dereattija končalo tragično po zaslišanju pred OZNO v slovenskem partizanskem vodstvu IX. Korpusa v Gorenji Trebuši, o čemer doslej nismo našli nobenih podatkov. Lahko pa domnevamo da so bili usmrčeni na eni strani zaradi suma vohunstva za britansko obveščevalno službo, katere del so bili, in tudi zaradi različnih pogledov na prizadevanja za povojno ureditev oz. mejo med Avstrijo in Jugoslavijo, katere del je bila tudi Slovenija. Ostali člani misij so se vrnili v bazo SOE že konec novembra 1944.
Rezension von: Der Pfahl-Graben
Authors: Bauer Hermann , Yates James 
Published: September 2022

James Yates: Der Pfahlgraben. Kurze allgemeine Beschreibung des Limes Rhaeticus und Limes Transrhenanus des Römischen Reiches. Aus dem Engl. vom Verf. übers., Augsburg: Hartmann, 1858 (Jahresbericht des Historischen Kreisvereins im Regierungsbezirke von Schwaben und Neuburg 23). 48 S.; Ill., Kt.
“Description of prayers timings” A research study in the light of “Tafseer Al ahkamul AlQuran lljsas
Authors: Ghuni Muhammad Islam , Ahmad Dr. Manzoor 
Published: September 2022

Salah times are prayer times when Muslims perform Salah. The term is primarily used for the five daily prayers including the Friday prayer, which is normally Dhuhr prayer but on Fridays it is obligated to be prayed in a group. Muslims believe the salah times were taught by Allah to Muhammad. Prayer times are standard for Muslims in the world, especially the fajr prayer times. They depend on the condition of the Sun and geography. There are varying opinions regarding the exact salah times, the schools of Islamic thought differing in minor details. All schools of thought agree that any given prayer cannot be performed before its stipulated time.Muslims pray five times a day, with their prayers being known as Fajr (dawn), Dhuhr (aftermidday), Asr (afternoon), Maghrib (after sunset), Isha (nighttime), facing towards Mecca. The direction of prayer is called the qibla; the early Muslims initially prayed in the direction of Jerusalem before this was changed to Mecca in 624 CE, about a year after Muhammad's migration to Medina. The timing of the five prayers are fixed intervals defined by daily astronomical phenomena. For example, the Maghrib prayer can be performed at any time after sunset and before the disappearance of the red twilight from the west. In a mosque, the muezzin broadcasts the call to prayer at the beginning of each interval. Because the start and end times for prayers are related to the solar diurnal motion, they vary throughout the year and depend on the local latitude and longitude when expressed in local time. In modern times, various religious or scientific agencies in Muslim countries produce annual prayer timetables for each locality, and electronic clocks capable of calculating local prayer times have been created. In the past, some mosques employed astronomers called the muwaqqits who were responsible for regulating the prayer time using mathematical astronomy.