bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and Action in International Refugee Policy: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Sheppard Jill , von Stein Jana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDo citizens care whether their government breaches international law, or are other imperatives more influential? We consider this question in the human rights arena, asking whether and how it matters how abuses are framed. In a novel survey experiment, we ask Australians about their attitudes toward restrictive immigration policy, holding the underlying breaches constant but varying how they are framed. We find that people most strongly oppose policy that violates international law. Emphasizing moral considerations has smaller but still notable impacts on attitudes, whereas reputational frames have the weakest effects. We also find that translating attitudes into political action is challenging: most who learn of current policy's legal, moral, or reputational dimensions and in turn become more critical do not subsequently express greater interest in trying to do something about it. Nonetheless, there are interesting differences across frames. Appealing to international law or moral considerations is more effective at spurring mobilization than emphasizing reputational harm, though via different mechanisms. Framing this debate in international reputational terms consistently has the weakest impacts on interest in political action, and may be worse than saying nothing at all.
To Securitize or to Price Credit Risk?
Authors: McGowan Danny , Nguyen Huyen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDo lenders securitize or price loans in response to credit risk? Exploiting exogenous variation in regional credit risk due to foreclosure law differences along U.S. state borders, we find that lenders securitize mortgages that are eligible for sale to the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) rather than price regional credit risk. For non-GSE-eligible mortgages with no GSE buyback provision, lenders increase interest rates as they are unable to shift credit risk to loan purchasers. The results inform the debate surrounding the GSEs’ buyback provisions, the constant interest rate policy, and show that underpricing regional credit risk increases the GSEs’ debt holdings.
Online learning: an effective option for teaching ENT to medical students?
Authors: Ijaz A , Sundar S , Zuberi S , Richards S 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveENT is underrepresented in the curriculum, and this has been compounded by coronavirus disease 2019. Recent restructures have removed ENT placements from the curriculum. This lack of exposure needs to be addressed, and increased use of online learning represents an opportunity to facilitate this. This study aimed to evaluate whether online learning can effectively deliver undergraduate ENT teaching.MethodsAn online ENT module was created; content was structured on the Sheffield Medical School curriculum. Pre- and post-module tests and 5-point Likert scales were used to assess student knowledge and confidence, respectively.ResultsA total of 115 participants were recruited. Test scores improved by 29 per cent (p < 0.001) and confidence by 66 per cent. Anatomy and ENT conditions demonstrated significant improvement in confidence, with a lower confidence score for examination.ConclusionThis study showed improved knowledge and confidence, whilst highlighting greater efficacy in content over practical skills teaching. Online learning is a validated educational tool; however, it should not be used as a replacement but as an adjunct to supplement learning.
Radiological dimensions of the Eustachian tube in patients with adhesive otitis media
Authors: Alanazy S , Kim H , Nam G-S , Kim H C , Cho S I 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse the computed tomography parameters for effective ventilation in patients with adhesive otitis media.MethodsTwenty-six patients with unilateral adhesive otitis media were included in the study. The patients’ temporal bone computed tomography images were retrospectively reviewed. Eustachian tube length and diameter were measured. Mastoid pneumatisation and middle-ear size were evaluated by measuring petroclival and Eustachian tube–tympanic cavity ventilation angles.ResultsThe average Eustachian tube length was 38.4 mm and 38.9 mm in adhesive otitis media and healthy ears, respectively. The Eustachian tube diameter of the adhesive otitis media ears (1.47 mm) was significantly narrower than that of the healthy ears (1.83 mm). There were no significant differences in the angles between adhesive otitis media and healthy ears.ConclusionA narrow Eustachian tube diameter was associated with developing adhesive otitis media. Measuring Eustachian tube diameter is simple and can be routinely performed when examining temporal bone computed tomography images for Eustachian tube function evaluation.
Monitoring a Fragile Child Protection System: a Longitudinal Local Area Ecological Analysis of the Inequalities Impact of Children’s Services Inspections on Statutory Child Welfare Interventions in England
Authors: BENNETT DAVARA L , SCHLÜTER DANIELA K , MELIS GABRIELLA , WEBB CALUM JR , REDDY STEVE , BARR BEN , WICKHAM SOPHIE , TAYLOR-ROBINSON DAVID 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChild protection systems monitoring is key to ensuring children’s wellbeing. In England, monitoring is rooted in onsite inspection, culminating in judgements ranging from ‘outstanding’ to ‘inadequate’. But inspection may carry unintended consequences where child protection systems are weak. One potential consequence is increased child welfare intervention rates. In this longitudinal ecological study of local authorities in England, we used Poisson mixed-effects regression models to assess whether child welfare intervention rates are higher in an inspection year, whether this is driven by inspection judgement, and whether more deprived areas experience different rates for a given inspection judgement. We investigated the impact of inspection on care entry, Child Protection Plan-initiation, and child-in-need status. We found that inspection was associated with a rise in rates across the spectrum of interventions. Worse judgements yielded higher rates. Inspection may also exacerbate existing inequalities. Unlike less deprived areas, more deprived areas judged inadequate did not experience an increase in the less intrusive ‘child-in-need’ interventions. Our findings suggest that a narrow focus on social work practice is unlikely to address weaknesses in the child protection system. Child protection systems monitoring should be guided by a holistic model of systems improvement, encompassing the socioeconomic determinants of quality.
Virtual interaction and manipulation control of a hexacopter through hand gesture recognition from a data glove
Authors: Huang Haiming , Wu Di’en , Liang Zehao , Sun Fuchun , Dong Mingjie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to realize virtual interaction and manipulation control of a hexacopter based on hand gesture recognition from a designed data glove, to provide an intuitive and visual real-time simulation system for flight control algorithm verification and external control equipment testing. First, the hand gesture recognition from a designed data glove is studied, which can recognize different actions, such as mobile ready, grab, loosen, landing, take-off, and hover. Then, the design of virtual simulation system for hexacopter capture is completed, with the model design of hexacopter and manipulator, and the simulation software design with
$CoppeliaSim$
. Finally, virtual simulation experiment of hexacopter grasping and virtual flight control experiment based on data glove are tested, respectively, and quantitatively described. The overall recognition rate is 84.3%, indicating that the data glove produced has the ability to recognize gestures, but its recognition performance is not superior. In gesture recognition, the recognition rate of static gestures is relatively higher than that of dynamic gestures. Among the static gestures, the hover gesture has the highest recognition rate. The average correct rate of static gestures can reach 94%. The lowest recognition rate of dynamic gestures is upward movement, and the average recognition rate of dynamic gestures is 76.1%. The research can be used to remotely operate hexacopter using a data glove in the future and improve the control performance through virtual interaction and manipulation simulation before actual application.
Economic feasibility of a novel tool to assist extubation decision-making: an early health economic modeling
Authors: Zheng Katina , Kumar Srishti , Sarti Aimee J. , Herry Christophe L. , Seely Andrew J. E. , Thavorn Kednapa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To estimate the minimum percent change in failed extubation to make a tool designed to reduce extubation failure (Extubation Advisor [EA]) economically viable.

Methods
We conducted an early return on investment (ROI) analysis using data from intubated intensive care unit (ICU) patients at a large Canadian tertiary care hospital. We obtained input parameters from the hospital database and published literature. We ran generalized linear models to estimate the attributable length of stay, total hospital cost, and time to subsequent extubation attempt following failure. We developed a Markov model to estimate the expected ROI and performed probabilistic sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of findings. Costs were presented in 2020 Canadian dollars (C$).

Results
The model estimated a 1 percent reduction in failed extubation could save the hospital C$289 per intubated patient (95 percent CI: 197, 459). A large center seeing 2,500 intubated ICU patients per year could save C$723,124/year/percent reduction in failed extubation. At the current annual price of C$164,221, the EA tool must reduce extubation failure by at least 0.24 percent (95 percent CI: .14, .41) to make the tool cost-effective at our site.

Conclusions
Clinical decision-support tools like the EA may play an important role in reducing healthcare costs by reducing the rate of extubation failure, a costly event in the ICU.
Trade in vulture parts in West Africa: Burkina Faso may be one of the main sources of vulture carcasses
Authors: Daboné Clément , Ouéda Adama , Thompson Lindy J. , Adjakpa Jacques Boco , Weesie Peter DM 
Published: July 2022

Summary
The current catastrophic decline in African vultures is caused mainly by poisoning, and killing for consumption and belief-based use (traditional medicine). To find out more about the key threats to vultures in West Africa, we assessed the main anthropogenic causes of vulture mortality in Burkina Faso. We analysed incidents of mass vulture mortality, based on interviews conducted in 2016 with local butchers, veterinarians, foresters, and abattoir watchmen at 44 sites across the country. A total of 730 interviews revealed that poisoning was the main cause of mortality of vultures in Burkina Faso (20 of the 23 mass mortality incidents described by respondents were caused by poisoning). Poisoning was also the most lethal threat to vultures (779 out of 879 known vulture deaths were due to poisoning). According to the survey, intentional poisoning of vultures with poisoned baits (which comprised 15 out of 23 mass mortality incidents) produced the highest number of victims (577 out of 879 dead vultures). The number of vultures killed by poisoned baits was higher closer to the borders than elsewhere in Burkina Faso and we believe these recent intentional vulture poisoning events in Burkina Faso were intended to meet the growing demand for vulture body parts in West Africa. The survey showed that unintentional poisoning was the second main cause of vulture mass mortality (5 out of 23 mass mortality incidents comprising 202 of 879 dead vultures). Other important anthropogenic causes of vulture mortality included electrocution at electricity poles and motor vehicle collisions. Our results highlight the need for awareness campaigns, improved policy and legislation, and stronger commitment from governments in West Africa, to halt the trade in vultures and prevent their extirpation.
Range-wide and regional distribution of the Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus and effects of disturbance on local abundances
Authors: Shah Akbar , Kayani Amjad Rashid , Ihlow Flora , Nadeem Muhammad Sajid , Mahmood Tariq , Islam Safiqul , Hausmann Alexander E. , Päckert Martin 
Published: July 2022

Summary
The Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus is endemic to the Western Himalayas and currently listed as ‘Vulnerable’ on the IUCN Red List which also emphasizes a data deficiency regarding its distribution and population size. With this study we provide new data from the Palas Valley, northern Pakistan and deliver a range wide estimate of the species current, past, and future potential distribution as derived from environmental niche models. In the Palas Valley, Western Tragopans occupied different summer habitats on north-facing slopes and winter habitats on south-facing slopes. A quantitative estimate of local populations in six side valleys was inferred from individual call-count surveys during two breeding seasons (April and May 2017, 2018) and disturbance factors were evaluated from information of local people provided in questionnaires. Generalized-linear models (GLMs) showed a significant effect of disturbance factors on Western Tragopans, i.e. local abundances decreased with increasing disturbance from livestock, collectors and hunters visiting the area. This effect was visible across survey years and at both, south- as well as north-facing slopes. While the known distributional range of the Western Tragopan is small and fragmented, our niche models inferred climatically suitable space between Himachal Pradesh and northwestern Pakistan to be more continuous. Given the species sensitivity to disturbance, these findings indicate that the observed fragmentation of the current range might also be attributed to habitat transformation or anthropogenic disturbance rather than climatic suitability. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) T. melanocephalus was probably restricted to small forest refugia, whereas projections onto eleven future climate simulations were inconclusive with the majority suggesting that climatically suitable space for T. melanocephalus will likely expand in response to anthropogenic climate change. In conclusion, we recommend that future conservation measures should be planned with regard to the species’ sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbances.
Who Sets the Agenda? Participation Asymmetries in the Select Committee on the Modernization of Congress in the 116th Congress
Authors: Baer Emily C. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTIn January 2019, the House of Representatives voted 418–12 to respond to widespread bipartisan criticism of the inner workings of the legislative branch by creating a Select Committee on the Modernization of Congress. This article examines the leadership, participation, and salience of the Select Committee by key reform stakeholders, including individual members, party factions, leaders, interest groups, and the national media that cover Congress. I identify bifurcated participation patterns that overrepresent the interests of junior members, party leaders, and Democratic Party factions. I also find limited salience of Select Committee activities among key stakeholders. The findings raise normative and theoretical questions about procedural reform and reveal a significant challenge to coalition-building efforts in future sessions of Congress.
The Role of Kant in Sidgwick’s Classical Utilitarianism: Two Self-Evident Axioms and the Partial Convergence between Kantianism and Utilitarianism
Authors: Dufner Annette 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmong the most surprising claims in The Methods of Ethics is Sidgwick’s assertion that his key ethical axioms are corroborated by Kant. This article analyses Sidgwick’s claim that his axioms of justice and benevolence closely correspond to particular features in Kant. I shall argue that his claim of agreement with Kant was a serious overstatement. In particular, the restrictions which Sidgwick places on his acceptance of Kant’s universal law formula of the categorical imperative (FUL) seem to call into question whether the alleged convergence with the axiom of justice has a solid basis. Further, Sidgwick seemed unaware of a crucial aspect of Kant’s conception of the humanity formula that constitutes a substantial divide between their views on benevolence. The upshot is that the divide between Kantian and Sidgwickian ethics appears deeper than Sidgwick seemed to realize. This analysis is confirmed by Sidgwick’s famous worries regarding freedom and the existence of God in Kant’s work.
On Nested Justification Systems
Authors: MARYNISSEN SIMON , HEYNINCK JESSE , BOGAERTS BART , DENECKER MARC 
Published: July 2022

AbstractJustification theory is a general framework for the definition of semantics of rule-based languages that has a high explanatory potential. Nested justification systems, first introduced by Denecker et al., allow for the composition of justification systems. This notion of nesting thus enables the modular definition of semantics of rule-based languages, and increases the representational capacities of justification theory. As we show in this paper, the original characterization of semantics for nested justification systems leads to the loss of information relevant for explanations. In view of this problem, we provide an alternative characterization of their semantics and show that it is equivalent to the original one. Furthermore, we show how nested justification systems allow representing fixpoint definitions.
In the Shadow of World War
Authors: Williams Chad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBlack Reconstructionby W. E. B. Du Bois stands as one of the most groundbreaking books in American history. Scholars have acknowledged how the book, published in 1935, and Du Bois’s arguments in it, pioneered the study of the Civil War and Reconstruction eras today. This article explores the genesis and conceptual roots ofBlack Reconstructionby placing them in conversation with Du Bois’s connection to World War I. For several years, Du Bois labored on a history of the Black experience in World War I that he imagined as a sequel toBlack Reconstruction.Du Bois’s work on this project, informed by his personal connection to the war, shaped many of the themes and ideas at the heart ofBlack Reconstruction.I argue that the full meaning ofBlack Reconstructionis incomplete without an understanding of the impact of World War I on Du Bois’s political evolution, intellectual development, and radical approach to history.
Translating politics into policy implementation: welfare frontline workers in polarised Brazil
Authors: Eiró Flávio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHow is policy implementation affected by increased polarisation and extreme shifts in politics? In order to address this question, the paper focuses on frontline workers’ (street-level bureaucrats’) interpretations of political shifts and how these are then translated into practice. Building on ethnographic fieldwork conducted among social workers in Northeast Brazil, the paper proposes a theoretical framework for analysing the influence of political landscapes on policy implementation by foregrounding the political processes in which these agents play a critical role. Drawing on empirical data, the paper proposes ideal types of possible outcomes of translation practices – counterbalance, collaboration, resistance – that function as a guiding framework for future research.
‘I Still See the Elitism’. Classical languages and the language of class at Liverpool
Authors: Perale Marco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe article discusses the issue of access to Classical education in general and Greek and Latin language in particular currently experienced by working-class students in the UK, both at high school and at University level. It then focuses specifically on the provision of Classical languages in the Liverpool region, traditionally an area of deprivation and a focal point of Classics poverty. The article details the results from a survey conducted on 68 students of the Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology of the University of Liverpool, which shows that even when the cohort is not predominantly middle class, feelings of marginalisation and estrangement continue to be felt by students. Finally, it suggests a number of recommendations to address these concerns, tackle elitism, and promote inclusion.
Audiologie
Authors: Kompis Martin 
Published: July 2022

Auch in der nunmehr 5. Auflage bleibt das Lehrbuch eingängig und kompakt in Struktur und Inhalt. Martin Kompis hat den Inhalt vollständig überarbeitet, aktualisiert und ergänzt. So ist unter anderem ein Abschnitt über das Richtungshören neu hinzugekommen, und die Kapitel über Hörgeräte und Cochlea Implantate wurden aktualisiert und dem Stand der Technik angepasst. Im Zusatzmaterial, das online in der Mediathek des Hogrefe Verlags zur Verfügung steht, finden Sie neben einer Audiometrie-Übungs-Software und zahlreichen Hörbeispielen fertige PowerPoint-Präsentationen mit sämtlichen Abbildungen und Tabellen des Buches zur didaktischen Nutzung im Unterricht. Martin Kompis präsentiert Audiologie als interdisziplinäres Wissensgebiet: Er richtet sein Buch gleichermaßen an Mit-arbeitende in Gesundheitsberufen, Studierende der Logopädie und der Medizin, an Ingenieur_innen und Hörgeräteakustiker_innen - kurzum an alle, die in Kontakt mit diesem -interessanten Feld treten. Anschaulich und in einer einfachen, verständlichen Form, vielfach unter Zuhilfenahme von Illustrationen und Grafiken, führt er die Leser_innen in die wichtigsten Grund-lagen und aktuellen Methoden der Audiologie ein. Behandelt werden u.a. folgende Themen:
•Grundlagen der Akustik
•Anatomie und Physiologie
•Hörstörungen
•Reinaudiometrie
•Sprachaudiometrie
•Tympanometrie
•Otoakustische Emissionen
•Auditorisch evozierte Potentiale
•Hörgeräte
•Cochlea Implantate
Das Zusatzmaterial zu diesem Buch kann nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden.