bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histologic Correlation With Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Benign and Malignant Lipomatous Masses
Authors: Rougraff Bruce T. , Durbin Mark , Lawerence Jackie , Buckwalter Kenneth 
Published: July 2002

Purpose/results. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for 46 consecutive patients
with lipomatous soft tissue tumors prior to biopsy and resection. Twenty‐eight patients had benign lipomas and 18 had
liposarcomas. Clinical differences between thdse patients with benign disease and those with malignant lesions were
average age at the time of presentation (49 years for benign vs 62 years for malignant, p < 0.001) and average length of
symptoms prior to resection (64 months for benign versus 38 months for malignant, p = 0.01). MRI characteristics
associated with benign disease included: smaller tumor size (9.4 cm average greatest dimension for benign lesions vs
13.4 cm for malignant masses, p = 0.022); a mass with a uniformly homogeneous signal (p = 0.0003); a mass with
homogeneous high T1 and T2 signals and a low short‐time‐inversion‐recovery (STIR) signal comparable to normal fat
(p < 0.0001). This last signal pattern was not seen in malignant lesions (0/18) and was present in almost all benign lipomas
(25/28). The usual MRI descriptions of soft tissue masses such as infiltrating vs encapsulating, deep vs subcutaneous and
septated vs non‐septated were not helpful predictors of malignancy in this series. Needle biopsies of lipomatous masses
with heterogeneous signals on MRI resulted in inaccurate diagnoses due to sampling error in 5/9 patients.Discussion. A carefully planned and performed MRI study of lipomatous masses can accurately predict a benign lipoma
whenever a homogeneous high T1 and T2, as well as a low STIR, signal is present. However, a mass with any other signal
characteristics must be biopsied carefully in order to make an accurate diagnosis.
The normal homogeneous space (𝖲𝖴(3)×𝖲𝖮(3))/𝖴^{∙}(2) has positive sectional curvature
Authors: Wilking Burkhard 
Published: July 2002

We give a new description of the positively curved seven-dimensional Aloff-Wallach spaces

M

k
l

7

M^7_{kl}

. In particular, this description exhibits

M

11

7

M^7_{11}

as a normal homogeneous space, although it does not occur in Berger’s classification (1961).
DNA sequence quality trimming and vector removal
Authors: Chou Hui-Hsien , Holmes Michael H. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Most sequence comparison methods assume that the data being compared are trustworthy, but this is not the case with raw DNA sequences obtained from automatic sequencing machines. Nevertheless, sequence comparisons need to be done on them in order to remove vector splice sites and contaminants. This step is necessary before other genomic data processing stages can be carried out, such as fragment assembly or EST clustering. A specialized tool is therefore needed to solve this apparent dilemma.
Results: We have designed and implemented a program that specifically addresses the problem. This program, called Lucy, has been in use since 1998 at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR). During this period, many rounds of experience-driven modifications were made to Lucy to improve its accuracy and its ability to deal with extremely difficult input cases. We believe we have finally obtained a useful program which strikes a delicate balance among the many issues involved in the raw sequence cleaning problem, and we wish to share it with the research community.
Availability: Lucy is available directly from TIGR (http://www.tigr.org/softlab). Academic users can download Lucy after accepting a free academic use license. Business users may need to pay a license fee to use Lucy for commercial purposes.
Contact: Questions regarding the quality assessment module of Lucy should be directed to Michael Holmes (mholmes@tigr.org). Questions regarding other aspects of Lucy should be directed to Hui-Hsien Chou (hhchou@iastate.edu).
Advanced Integrated Mouse YAC Map Including BAC Framework
Authors: Schalkwyk Leonard C. , Cusack Brian , Dunkel Ilona , Hopp Martina , Kramer Markus , Palczewski Stefanie , Piefke Jutta , Scheel Sabine , Weiher Michael , Wenske Gunther , Lehrach Hans , Himmelbauer Heinz 
Published: July 2002

Functional characterization of the mouse genome requires the availability of a comprehensive physical map to obtain molecular access to chromosomal regions of interest. Positional cloning remains a crucial way of linking phenotype with particular genes. A key step and frequent stumbling block in positional cloning is making a contig of a genetically defined candidate region. The most efficient first step is isolating YAC (Yeast Artificial Chromosome) clones. A robust, detailed YAC contig map is thus an important tool. Employing Interspersed Repetitive Sequence (IRS)-PCR genomics, we have generated an advanced second-generation YAC contig map of the mouse genome that doubles both the depth of clones and the density of markers available. In addition to the primarily YAC-based map, we located 1942 BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) clones. This allows us to present for the first time a dense framework of BACs spanning the genome of the mouse, which, for instance, can serve as a nucleus for genomic sequencing. Four large-insert mouse YAC libraries from three different strains are included in our data, and our analysis incorporates the data of Hunter et al. and Nusbaum et al. There is a total of 20,205 markers on the final map, 12,033 from our own data, and a total of 56,093 YACs, of which 44,401 are positive for more than one marker.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession nos. BH174059–BH175013.]
Changes in Gene Expression Profiles in Developing B Cells of Murine Bone Marrow
Authors: Hoffmann Reinhard , Seidl Thomas , Neeb Martin , Rolink Antonius , Melchers Fritz 
Published: July 2002

Gene expression profiles of five consecutive stages of mouse B cell development were generated with high-density oligonucleotide arrays from as few as 2 × 104 ex vivo isolated and flow-cytometrically purified cells. Between 2.8% and 6.8% of all genes change on differentiation from one cellular stage to the next by at least twofold. The entire pathway involves differential expression of 10.7% of all genes. Previously known expression patterns of 15 genes (like surrogate light chain, RAG-1/2, MHC class II, mel-14 antigen) are confirmed. The gene expression patterns of the proliferating pre-BI and large pre-BII cells on the one hand, and the resting immature and mature B cells on the other hand, are most similar to each other. Small pre-BII cells display a pattern that is transitional between these two groups. Most of the genes expressed in early precursors are involved in general processes, like protein folding or cell cycle regulation, whereas more mature precursors express genes involved in more specific molecular programs (cell surface receptors, secreted factors, and adhesion molecules, among others). Between 19 and 139 genes share a given expression pattern. Combining knowledge about gene function and expression pattern allows identification of novel candidate genes potentially involved in self-maintenance of pre-BI cells, allelic exclusion and pre-B cell receptor signaling in large pre BII cells, cell-cycle arrest of small pre-BII cells, propensity toward apoptosis or anergization in immature B cells, propensity toward cell division and activation in mature B cells, and stage-specific interactions with stromal cells in the bone marrow.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under accession number GSE13. Online supplementary material available at www.genome.org.]
High Steric‐Hindrance Windmill‐Type Molecules for Efficient Ultraviolet to Pure‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes via Hybridized Local and Charge‐Transfer Excited‐State
Authors: Zhong Ziting , Zhu Xiangyu , Wang Xianhui , Zheng Yu , Geng Sinuo , Zhou Zhikuan , Feng Xin Jiang , Zhao Zujin , Lu Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) excited‐state compounds that enable full exciton utilization through a reverse intersystem conversion (RISC) from a high‐lying triplet to a singlet state have attracted attention. Developing high‐performance ultraviolet (UV) and blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is challenging due to difficulties acquiring HLCT molecules with a large energy bandgap and a high photoluminescence. Herein, a new strategy for excellent‐performance UV to blue emitters based on high steric‐hindrance windmill‐type structure is proposed. These emitters exhibit good thermal, morphological, and electrochemical stabilities, as well as HLCT excited‐state characteristics. Results suggest that OLED using CTPPI efficiently emits UV light (396 nm, CIEx,y = 0.16, 0.04) with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.9% and currently ranks third in UV OLEDs. The lights of these devices are well modulated from UV/deep‐blue to pure‐blue with EQEs greater than 5% by regulating the locally excited (LE) and charge‐transfer (CT) components. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that harvesting triplet excitons afford high electroluminescence efficiencies via HLCT excited states in the devices. This study provides an efficient strategy to achieve high‐performance UV and blue OLEDs and offers great flexibility for material design.
Novel Robust, Reusable, Microbial‐Resistant, and Compostable Protein‐Based Cooling Media
Authors: Zou Jiahan , Sbodio Adrian Oscar , Blanco‐Ulate Barbara , Wang Luxin , Sun Gang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNovel environment‐friendly heat‐storage materials with efficient cooling capacity are in high demand by the food, pharmaceutical, and related industries and supply chains. Better control and prevention of cross‐contamination caused by meltwater from traditional ice have become critical to ensure the safety and quality of food and other commodities. Here is reported a microbial‐resistant, reusable, and compostable novel stationary cooling medium, “Jelly Ice Cubes” (JICs), based on gelatin–menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) hydrogels (Gel/MSB‐JICs) with cooling efficiency comparable with traditional ice. For the first time, the photo‐crosslinking reactions induced by MSB are proposed and validated theoretically and experimentally. Photo‐tuning is used collectively with rapid‐freeze‐slow‐thaw treatment to construct robust hydrogel frameworks against the functional and structural damages caused by the phase transition of water during repeated uses. Exceptionally stable cooling efficiency and robust mechanical strength are observed across ten application cycles, with stable antimicrobial functions against bacteria, fungi, and yeast. At the end of the lifecycle of JICs, they can be composted or used as a soil treatment to promote plant growth. The novel JICs are competent as promising, safer, and more eco‐friendly substitutes for traditional ice and ice packs.
Hierarchically Structured Black Gold Film with Ultrahigh Porosity for Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Yan , Yu Bin , Yin Kuibo , Zhang Zhonghua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlasmonic metals demonstrate significant potential for solar steam generation (SSG) because of their localized surface plasmon resonance effect. However, the inherently narrow absorption spectra of plasmonic metals significantly limit their applications. The fabrication of nanostructures is essential to achieve broadband solar absorption for high‐efficiency vapor generation. Herein, a self‐supporting black gold (Au) film with an ultrahigh porosity and a hierarchically porous structure is fabricated by formulating an extremely dilute Cu99Au1 precursor and controlling the dealloying process. In situ and ex situ characterizations reveal the dealloying mechanism of Cu99Au1 in a 1 m HNO3 solution as that involving the phase transformation of Cu(Au) → Au(Cu) → Au, giant volume shrinkage (≈87%), structural evolution/coarsening of ligaments, and development of ultrahigh porosity (86.2%). The multiscale structure, consisting of ultrafine nanoporous nanowires, aligned nanogaps, and various microgaps, provide efficient broadband absorption over 300–2500 nm, excellent hydrophilicity, and continuous water transport. In particular, the nanoporous black Au film shows high SSG performance with an evaporation rate of 1.51 kg m–2 h–1 and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 94.5% under a light intensity of 1 kW m–2. These findings demonstrate that the nanoporous Au film has great potential for clean water production and seawater desalination.
Efficient Alkaline Water/Seawater Hydrogen Evolution by a Nanorod‐Nanoparticle‐Structured Ni‐MoN Catalyst with Fast Water‐Dissociation Kinetics
Authors: Wu Libo , Zhang Fanghao , Song Shaowei , Ning Minghui , Zhu Qing , Zhou Jianqing , Gao Guanhui , Chen Zhaoyang , Zhou Qiancheng , Xing Xinxin , Tong Tian , Yao Yan , Bao Jiming , Yu Luo , Chen Shuo , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAchieving efficient and durable nonprecious hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts for scaling up alkaline water/seawater electrolysis is desirable but remains a significant challenge. Here, a heterogeneous Ni‐MoN catalyst consisting of Ni and MoN nanoparticles on amorphous MoN nanorods that can sustain large‐current‐density HER with outstanding performance is demonstrated. The hierarchical nanorod–nanoparticle structure, along with a large surface area and multidimensional boundaries/defects endows the catalyst with abundant active sites. The hydrophilic surface helps to achieve accelerated gas‐release capabilities and is effective in preventing catalyst degradation during water electrolysis. Theoretical calculations further prove that the combination of Ni and MoN effectively modulates the electron redistribution at their interface and promotes the sluggish water‐dissociation kinetics at the Mo sites. Consequently, this Ni‐MoN catalyst requires low overpotentials of 61 and 136 mV to drive current densities of 100 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, in 1 m KOH and remains stable during operation for 200 h at a constant current density of 100 or 500 mA cm−2. This good HER catalyst also works well in alkaline seawater electrolyte and shows outstanding performance toward overall seawater electrolysis with ultralow cell voltages.
Hierarchically Ordered Perovskites with High Photo‐Electronic and Environmental Stability via Nanoimprinting Guided Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly
Authors: Han Hyowon , Oh Jin Woo , Park Jumi , Lee Hyeokjung , Park Chanho , Lee Seung Won , Lee Kyuho , Jeon Seungbae , Kim Sohee , Park Youjin , Jeong Beomjin , Ryu Du Yeol , Park Cheolmin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of a sub‐50 nm nanopattern of a thin perovskite film is of significant interest with its excellent photo‐electronic properties and environmental stability. By employing nanoimprinting of a moldable perovskite precursor, self‐assembled with a block copolymer, a thin perovskite nanopattern with excellent photo‐electronic stability is developed over a large area. Approximately 40 nm nanodomains consisting of perovskite crystals, which are 10 nm in diameter, are templated in the block copolymer, and the registry of the perovskite nanodomains is further guided by the topological pattern with a periodicity of a few hundred nanometers. This method can produce hierarchically controlled nanostructures of the perovskites from molecular crystals to self‐assembled domains with tens of nanometer scale and patterned structures of a few hundred nanometers. With an ultrathin top skin layer on a patterned perovskite/block copolymer film developed during the nanoimprinting, the hierarchically ordered perovskite is environmentally stable in ambient conditions over 100 days with its photoluminescence quantum yield of ≈28%. Furthermore, the enhanced photoconduction of the perovskite nanocrystals hierarchically structured in the nanopatterns allows for developing the arrays of photodetectors with long‐term environmental stability over 90 days.
Flexible Multichannel Neural Probe Developed by Electropolymerization for Localized Stimulation and Sensing
Authors: Chik Gary Kwok Ki , Xiao Na , Ji Xudong , Tsang Anderson Chun On , Leung Gilberto Ka Kit , Zhang Shiming , Tin Chung , Chan Paddy Kwok Leung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMiniaturization and minimization of mechanical mismatch in neural probes have been two well‐proven directions in suppressing immune response and improving spatial resolution for neuronal stimulations and recordings. While the high impedance brought by the miniaturization of electrodes has been addressed by using conductive polymers coatings in multiple reports, the stiffness of such coatings remains orders of magnitude higher than that of the brain tissue. Here, a flat neural probe based on a highly flexible microelectrode array with electrodeposited hydrogel coatings poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) and conductive polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS), with a cross‐section area at only 300 µm × 2.5 µm is presented. The PEDOT/PSS coating provides a low interfacial impedance, and the pHEMA deposition bridges the mechanical mismatch between the probe and the brain tissues. The two layers of polymers modification enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio and allow the microelectrodes array to be engineered for both recording and stimulation purposes. Besides, in vivo testing of microelectrode arrays implanted in rat hippocampus confirms a high senstivity in neural signal recording and excellent charge injection capacity which can induce long‐term potentiation in neural activities in the hippocampus. The probes provide a robust and low‐cost solution to the brain interfaces problem.
Drop breakup and entrainment in the updraft
Authors: Liu Hai‐Feng , Wang Yu‐Fan , Zhao Hui , Li Wei‐Feng , Xu Jian‐Liang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the characteristics of gas–liquid countercurrent contact processes. In spray towers or other applications, several drops containing pollutants are entrained by the updraft flue gas, which can easily cause environmental pollution. Traditionally, this drop entrainment phenomenon is alleviated by increasing the diameter of the drops. However, the breakup of a large drop would also cause drop entrainment to become serious, a process referred to as secondary atomization. Herein, we propose the boundary of three drop modes in the updraft: drop falling mode, reverse entrainment mode, and breakup entrainment mode. The critical Weber number (We) is the key dimensionless number marking the beginning of the drop breakup. The ratio of the drag force to gravity and We are proposed as criteria for the drop entrainment.
A Minireview on the Scope of Cadogan Cyclization Reactions Leading to Diverse Azaheterocycles
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Kumar Raj 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFrom the last two decades, Cadogan cyclization reaction is considered as one of the best routes for the preparation of various azaheterocycles comprising carbazoles, indoles, coumarins, carbolines, pyrazoloquinoxalines, S,N‐heterotetracenes from the nitro‐based substrates by using a variety of tetravalent phosphorus‐based reagents. To date the majority of Cadogan reactions are found to be intramolecular reactions, however, interestingly, a case of intermolecular Cadogan reaction is also reported, resulting in the widening of the reaction scope for futuristic perspectives. We report the Cadogan cyclization reactions for the synthesis of azaheterocycles from 2018 to present according to multiple classes of chemical frameworks including its scope (FDA approved drugs), along with the possibilities and mechanistic developments for unexpected products.
Use of intraoperative frontal sinus mometasone‐eluting stents decreased interleukin 5 and interleukin 13 in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Schneider Alexander L. , Racette Samuel D. , Kang Anthony K. , Reddy Abhita T. , Huang Julia H. , Lehmann David S. , Price Caroline P.E. , Eide Jacob G. , Rodeghiero Samuel R. , Conley David B. , Welch Kevin C. , Kern Robert C. , Shintani‐Smith Stephanie , Peters Anju T. , Kato Atsushi , Stevens Whitney S. , Schleimer Robert P. , Tan Bruce K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMometasone‐eluting stents (MES) have demonstrated improvement in short‐term endoscopic outcomes and reduce short‐ to medium‐term rescue interventions. Their effect on the local inflammatory environment, longer‐term patient‐reported outcomes, and radiographic severity have not been studied.MethodsMiddle meatal mucus and validated measures of disease severity were collected before and 6 to 12 months after endoscopic surgery in 52 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs). Operative findings, type 2 mediator concentrations, intraoperative variables, and disease severity measures were compared between those who did and those who did not receive intraoperative frontal MES.ResultsA total of 52 patients with CRSwNPs were studied; 33 received frontal MES and were compared with 19 who did not. Pre–endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) middle meatus (MM) interleukin (IL) 13 and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were higher in the stented group (p < 0.05), but pre‐ESS clinical measures of disease severity were similar as were surgical extent and post‐ESS medical management. Intraoperative eosinophilic mucin was more frequent in the stented group (58% vs 11%, p = 0.001). IL‐5 (p < 0.05) and IL‐13 (p < 0.001) decreased post‐ESS in the stented group, but this was not observed in the nonstented group. Post‐ESS IL‐4 and IL‐13 were higher in the nonstented vs stented group (p < 0.05 for both).ConclusionAlthough patients who received intraoperative frontal MES had significantly higher pre‐ESS MM IL‐13 and ECP, patients who received frontal MES had lower concentrations of IL‐4 and IL‐13 than those who did not at a median of 8 months post‐ESS. However, these changes did not correspond to significantly different measures of symptomatic or radiographic disease severity.
Design of a modular and compliant wrist module for upper limb prosthetics
Authors: Demofonti Andrea , Carpino Giorgio , Tagliamonte Nevio Luigi , Baldini Giulia , Bramato Laura , Zollo Loredana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the last decades, there have been great efforts in the development of advanced polyarticulated prosthetic hands; in contrast, prosthetic wrists have drawn less interest. Nevertheless, increasing the dexterity of the wrist improves handling skills because the wrist allows the prepositioning of the hand before carrying out a task, avoiding the onset of unwanted trunk or shoulders compensatory movements and potential onset or exacerbation of articular injuries. This study presents a novel 2‐degree‐of‐freedom prosthetic wrist module with active pronation/supination and passive elastic flexion/extension. This system is suitable to be included in hand prostheses to improve anthropomorphism and produce a more physiological motion. The first submodule within the socket is able to rotate a prosthetic hand and an external load of 3 kg at 2.6 rad/s. The second one can guarantee a range of motion of ±75° with a centering elastic torque (compliant mode) or it can keep firms grasps (fixed mode). Compliant mode is based on a Scotch‐Yoke mechanism converting wrist flexion/extension into the linear motion of a crossbeam acting on compression springs, while fixed mode is achieved by means of a piston that can be engaged/disengaged. The whole module fits with anthropometry and the modular design ensures the proposed system can be used in a stand‐alone way and adapted to different hand prostheses. This device is expected to favor a more physiological dexterity with respect to simpler fixed prostheses that can potentially induce harmful motion of body districts not naturally involved in the reaching and grasping tasks.