bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missing from parish records: Anglican and nonconformist occupational differences and the economy of Wales c.1817
Authors: Richardson Frances 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent studies of male occupations have used Anglican baptisms as a source. However, in areas where nonconformity was strong, a significant proportion of baptisms were missing from parish registers: in Wales, around a quarter of births were to Nonconformist fathers in the years 1813–1820. This study analyses whether there were significant differences between the occupations of Anglican and nonconformist fathers based on a 14 per cent sample of Welsh baptisms. Revised estimates suggest that Anglican data underestimate employment in mining and industry. These estimates are used to give an overview of the Welsh economy c.1817.
Age as a yardstick for political citizenship Voting age and eligibility age in Sweden during the twentieth century
Authors: Sandin Bengt , Josefsson Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article we analyse the changes in the age of voting and eligibility for office in Sweden during the twentieth century. We scrutinise arguments, actors, and contexts. Age proved to be an important yardstick for political citizenship and a source of political conflicts of importance for the development of democratic institutions which is largely neglected in earlier research on universal suffrage. Democratisation processes not only have led to the inclusion of new groups of citizens, but also exclusions. Our study demonstrates the importance of shifting understanding of young people, family formation, demographic shifts, intergenerational power balances and constitutional dilemmas.
The recently discovered Principe Scops-owl is highly threatened: distribution, habitat associations, and population estimates
Authors: Freitas Bárbara , Melo Martim , do Bom Jesus Ceciliano , da Costa Sátiro R. , dos Santos Yodiney , Crottini Angelica , de Lima Ricardo Faustino 
Published: October 2022

SummarySpecies baseline information is required for effective biodiversity conservation. Here we provide sound ecological data to support effective conservation of the Principe Scops-owl,OtusbikegilaMelo, Freitas, Verbelen, Costa, Pereira, Fuchs, Sangster, Correia, de Lima & Crottini 2022, discovered in 2016. We mapped the observed and potential distribution, inferred habitat associations, estimated population size, and assessed the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List category for this species. Surveys were carried out across Príncipe Island during the long and short dry seasons, recording owl presence in sampling points along transects. These data were used to model distribution, revealing that the Principe Scops-owl is restricted to 34.4 km2in the south of the island, inside the Príncipe Obô Natural Park. Most records were in lower altitude native forest. Remoteness was the most important variable to explain presence at island level, followed by land use, which showed that the species is restricted to forest, clearly depending on native forest. Distance sampling using different models suggested a population density ranging between 33.4 individuals/km2(95% CI: 23.6–47.2) and 46.4 individuals/km2(95% CI: 29.3–73.6), which extrapolates to an estimated population size ranging from 1,149 individuals (95% CI: 813–1,623) to 1,597 individuals (95% CI: 1,007–2,533). We propose that the species is classified as “Critically Endangered” due to the small extent of occurrence, coupled with occurrence in a single location and inferred continuing declines in the extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, number of mature individuals and area, extent, and quality of habitat. Effective conservation of the Principe Scops-owl requires regular monitoring and further studies focusing on reproduction and potential nest predation by introduced mammals. Widespread support for the conservation of the Natural Park is vital to ensure the protection of this species and the endemic-rich native forests of Príncipe on which it depends.
Multi Grain‐Size Total Sediment Load Model Based on the Disequilibrium Length
Authors: Le Minor Marine , Davy Philippe , Howarth Jamie , Lague Dimitri 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn natural rivers, sediment heterogeneity and flow variability control the diversity of transport modes that occur. Although these different modes contribute to the total sediment transport, a law extending from bed load to suspended load that is, relevant for a wide range of sediment mixtures and flow conditions is lacking. Besides, a transport‐limited assumption is often made in modeling of fluvial morphodynamics and thus potentially misses under‐/over‐capacity regimes associated with a particular range of grain sizes and hydraulic conditions. We present a Multi Grain‐Size Total Load model based on widely accepted concepts of sediment transport and developed within the transport length framework in combination with an erosion‐deposition formulation. The new transport length model captures the diversity of transport modes as a physical continuum. Transport capacities for single or bimodal grain sizes are reasonably predicted when compared to published data and scale with the bed shear stress through a continuously varying exponent linked to the characteristic transport height. Modeled transport lengths extend over several orders of magnitude at given flow conditions. Extremely long distances suggest that suspended transport is probably never at capacity. The model can be extended to populations of various grain sizes with a threshold of motion corrected from hiding‐exposure. However, further experimental constraints are needed to better describe entrainment and saltation in strongly heterogeneous bed load transport. The new theoretical formalism we introduce paves the way for a Multi Grain‐Size Total Load Sediment Transport model that includes the variety of transport modes in both non‐stationary and stationary regimes.
The Two‐Dimensional and Three‐Dimensional Structures Concerning the Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Over Japan Caused by Typhoon Faxai
Authors: Song Rui , Hattori Katsumi , Zhang Xuemin , Liu Jann‐Yenq 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe two‐dimensional concentric traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) over Japan on the landfall day of Typhoon Faxai in 2019 were detected in total electron content by the ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System observations. They propagated in the radial direction away from the typhoon eye with a horizontal velocity of ∼190 m/s, a period of ∼24 min, and a horizontal wavelength of ∼180 km. Then, we systematically investigated the corresponding three‐dimensional ionospheric responses for the first time. Remarkable wavelike structures of ionospheric electron density (Ne) and inverted conic‐like structures concerning the disturbed Ne (dNe) were visualized in the F region. Furthermore, the descending phase progression of dNe with increasing time was detected at 220–550 km altitudes, which powerfully revealed that the typhoon‐related TIDs were dominated by the upward atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) propagating from the troposphere into the ionospheric F2 layer. By analyzing the spatial and temporal evolutions of Ne and dNe, we postulated that the transport process of neutral wind fluctuations associated with the upward AGWs were likely responsible for generating TIDs during Typhoon Faxai. In the end, the background wind velocity was estimated based on the recovered vertical wavelength of ∼460 km and the dispersion equation of AGWs. Our results also demonstrated that the weak background wind condition is essential for gravity waves propagating in the ionosphere.
Thioredoxin-interacting protein deficiency protects against severe acute pancreatitis by suppressing apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
Authors: Liu Yanna , Li Mengke , Mei Chaopeng , Cui Huning , Wang Qiaofang , Li Dejian , Song Yaodong , Cui Mengwei , He Qianqian , Chen Sanyang , Zhu Changju 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcute pancreatitis is a common acute inflammatory abdominal disease. When acute pancreatitis progresses to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), it can lead to systemic inflammation and even multiple organ failure. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is an important protein involved in redox reactions of the inflammatory response. However, the specific role of TXNIP in SAP remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) in acute pancreatitis when induced by high doses of arginine. We found that pancreatic damage and the inflammatory response associated with acute pancreatitis were largely restrained in TXNIP knock-out mice but were enhanced in mice overexpressing TXNIP. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ASK1 diminished in TXNIP-KO mice with pancreatitis in comparison with wild-type mice. The role of oxidative stress in SAP was explored in two models: TXNIP and AVV-TXNIP. TXNIP knockdown or the inhibition of ASK1 by gs-4997 abrogated the increase in p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ASK1 in AR42J cells incubated with L-Arg. The administration of gs-4997 to mice with pancreatitis largely reduced the upregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1. Systemic inflammatory reactions and injury in the lungs and kidneys were assessed in TXNIP-KO and AVV-TXNIP mice with expected outcomes. In conclusion, TXNIP is a novel mediator of SAP and exerts action by regulating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress via the ASK1-dependent activation of the JNK/p38 pathways. Thus, targeting TXNIP may represent a promising approach to protect against SAP.
Role of reactive oxygen species in regulating 27-hydroxycholesterol-induced apoptosis of hematopoietic progenitor cells and myeloid cell lines
Authors: Woo Soo-Yeon , Lee Hansong , Park Su Min , Choi Hee-Seon , Kim Jayoung , Kwon Munju , Sohn Jihyung , Nam Ji Ho , Kim Hyung-Sik , Song Parkyong , Baryawno Ninib , Kim Yun-Hak , Kim Koanhoi , Lee Dongjun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOxysterols are oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol that contain an additional hydroxy, epoxide, or ketone group in the sterol nucleus and/or a hydroxyl group in the side chain of the cholesterol molecule. 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27HC) is a side-chain oxysterol that is oxygenated at the 27th carbon atom of cholesterol. The oxysterol (27HC) is produced via oxidation by sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and metabolized via oxysterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) for bile acid synthesis in the liver. A previous study has demonstrated that treatment with the alternative Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) ligand 27HC induces ERα-dependent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization. In addition,Cyp27a1-deficient mice demonstrate significantly reduced 27HC levels and HSC mobilization. Here, we report that exogenous 27HC treatment leads to a substantial reduction in the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) population owing to significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis in the bone marrow (BM). However, 27HC does not influence the population of mature hematopoietic cells in the BM. Furthermore, exogenous 27HC treatment suppresses cell growth and promotes ROS production and apoptosis in leukemic cells. Moreover, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with highCYP7B1expression (expected to have inhibition of 27HC) had significantly shorter survival than those with lowCYP7B1expression (expected to have an elevation of 27HC). Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA seq) analysis revealed that the expression ofCYP7B1was significantly increased in AML patients. Thus, our study suggests that 27HC may serve as a potent agent for regulating pools of HSPCs and may have an application as a novel therapeutic target for hematological malignancies. Collectively, pharmacological inhibition of CYP7B1 (expected to have an elevation of 27HC) would potentially have fewer long-term hematological side effects, particularly when used in combination with chemotherapy or radiation for the treatment of leukemia patients.
NOP53 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation and promotes tumor radio-resistance
Authors: Shi Jie , Chen Si-Ying , Shen Xiao-Ting , Yin Xin-Ke , Zhao Wan-Wen , Bai Shao-Mei , Feng Wei-Xing , Feng Li-Li , Qin Caolitao , Zheng Jian , Wang Yun-Long , Fan Xin-Juan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAberrant DNA damage response (DDR) axis remains the major molecular mechanism for tumor radio-resistance. We recently characterized liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as an essential mechanism of DDR, and identified several key DDR factors as potential LLPS proteins, including nucleolar protein NOP53. In this study, we found that NOP53 formed highly concentrated droplets in vivo and in vitro, which had liquid-like properties including the fusion of adjacent condensates, rapid fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and the sensitivity to 1,6-hexanediol. Moreover, the intrinsically disordered region 1 (IDR1) is required for NOP53 phase separation. In addition, multivalent-arginine-rich linear motifs (M-R motifs), which are enriched in NOP53, were essential for its nucleolar localization, but were dispensable for the LLPS of NOP53. Functionally, NOP53 silencing diminished tumor cell growth, and significantly sensitized colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to radiotherapy. Mechanically, NOP53 negatively regulated p53 pathway in CRC cells treated with or without radiation. Importantly, data from clinical samples confirmed a correlation between NOP53 expression and tumor radio-resistance. Together, these results indicate an important role of NOP53 in radio-resistance, and provide a potential target for tumor radio-sensitization.
Plasma membrane flipping of Syntaxin-2 regulates its inhibitory action on insulin granule exocytosis
Authors: Kang Fei , Xie Li , Qin Tairan , Miao Yifan , Kang Youhou , Takahashi Toshimasa , Liang Tao , Xie Huanli , Gaisano Herbert Y. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnhancing pancreatic β-cell secretion is a primary therapeutic target for type-2 diabetes (T2D). Syntaxin-2 (Stx2) has just been identified to be an inhibitory SNARE for insulin granule exocytosis, holding potential as a treatment for T2D, yet its molecular underpinnings remain unclear. We show that excessive Stx2 recruitment to raft-like granule docking sites at higher binding affinity than pro-fusion syntaxin-1A effectively competes for and inhibits fusogenic SNARE machineries. Depletion of Stx2 in human β-cells improves insulin secretion by enhancing trans-SNARE complex assembly and cis-SNARE disassembly. Using a genetically-encoded reporter, glucose stimulation is shown to induce Stx2 flipping across the plasma membrane, which relieves its suppression of cytoplasmic fusogenic SNARE complexes to promote insulin secretion. Targeting the flipping efficiency of Stx2 profoundly modulates secretion, which could restore the impaired insulin secretion in diabetes. Here, we show that Stx2 acts to assist this precise tuning of insulin secretion in β-cells, including in diabetes.
A hierarchical transcription factor cascade regulates enteroendocrine cell diversity and plasticity in Drosophila
Authors: Guo Xingting , Zhang Yongchao , Huang Huanwei , Xi Rongwen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnteroendocrine cells (EEs) represent a heterogeneous cell population in intestine and exert endocrine functions by secreting a diverse array of neuropeptides. Although many transcription factors (TFs) required for specification of EEs have been identified in both mammals andDrosophila, it is not understood how these TFs work together to generate this considerable subtype diversity. Here we show that EE diversity in adultDrosophilais generated via an “additive hierarchical TF cascade”. Specifically, a combination of a master TF, a secondary-level TF and a tertiary-level TF constitute a “TF code” for generating EE diversity. We also discover a high degree of post-specification plasticity of EEs, as changes in the code—including as few as one distinct TF—allow efficient switching of subtype identities. Our study thus reveals a hierarchically-organized TF code that underlies EE diversity and plasticity inDrosophila, which can guide investigations of EEs in mammals and inform their application in medicine.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on effects of aerobic exercise in people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zhen Kai , Zhang Shiyan , Tao Xifeng , Li Gen , Lv Yuanyuan , Yu Laikang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that aerobic exercise is an effective way to improve symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study [PROSPERO CRD42022340730] was to explore the effects of aerobic exercises on balance, gait, motor function, and quality of life in PD patients. Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO electronic databases. The Cochrane risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included literature. From 1287 search records initially identified, 20 studies were considered eligible for systematic review and meta-analysis. There was a significant effect of aerobic exercise on improving timed up and go test [standardized mean difference (SMD), −0.41 (95% CI, −0.61 to −0.22), p < 0.00001], Berg Balance Scale [0.99 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.23), p < 0.00001], stride/step length [0.32 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.61), p = 0.03], gait velocity [0.49 (95% CI, 0.20 to 0.78), p = 0.0009], Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part-III [-0.40 (95% CI, −0.55 to −0.24), p < 0.00001], and 6-minute walking test [0.35 (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.56), p = 0.002] in people with PD, but not in step cadence [−0.08 (95% CI, −0.43 to 0.27), p = 0.65] and Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 [−0.113 (95% CI, −0.39 to 0.13), p = 0.32]. Aerobic exercise had beneficial effects in improving balance, gait (velocity and stride/step length), and motor function in PD patients. However, aerobic exercise had no significant associations with the step cadence and quality of life in PD patients.
Characterization of B-cell and T-cell responses to a tetravalent dengue purified inactivated vaccine in healthy adults
Authors: Friberg Heather , Gargulak Morgan , Kong Amanda , Lin Leyi , Martinez Luis J. , Schmidt Alexander C. , Paris Robert M. , Jarman Richard G. , Diaz Clemente , Thomas Stephen J. , Moris Philippe , Currier Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe increasing global impact of dengue underscores the need for a dengue virus (DENV) vaccine. We assessed B-cell and T-cell responses following vaccination with four formulations of a tetravalent dengue purified inactivated vaccine (DPIV) in dengue-primed and dengue-naive adults from two studies (NCT01666652, NCT01702857). Frequencies of DPIV-induced memory B cells specific to each DENV serotype remained high up to 12 months post-vaccination, and were higher in the dengue-primed than dengue-naive adults. A subsequent DPIV booster dose induced strong anamnestic B-cell responses. Multifunctional CD4+ T cells (predominantly expressing IL-2) were induced by DPIV, with higher frequencies in dengue-primed adults. DPIV-induced CD4+ T cells also demonstrated in vitro proliferative capacity and antigen-specific production of GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-13. CD8+ T-cell responses were undetectable in dengue-naive adults and low in dengue-primed individuals. B- and T-cell responses persisted up to 12 months post-vaccination in both dengue-primed and dengue-naive adults.
TAFA4-IL-10 axis potentiate immunotherapy for airway allergy by induction of specific regulatory T cells
Authors: Qiu Shuyao , Luo Xiangqian , Mo Lihua , Zhang Shuang , Liao Yun , Guan Li , Yang Liteng , Huang Qinmiao , Liu Dabo , Yang Pingchang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAllergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the main treatment for allergic diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of AIT has to be improved. Neuropeptides, such as TAFA4, have immune-regulating features. The objective of this study is to promote the efficacy of AIT in experimental allergic rhinitis (AR) by the concurrent use of TAFA chemokine as a family member 4 (TAFA4). In this study, an AR mouse model was developed using ovalbumin (OVA) as the specific antigen. The AR response was assessed in mice after treatment with AIT or/and TAFA4. We found that exposure to TAFA4 activated dendritic cells (DCs) in the airway tissues. Activation of DC by TAFA4 resulted in the expression of IL-10. TAFA4 also promoted the activities of c-Maf inducing protein. The FPR1-MyD88-AKT signal pathway was associated with the TAFA4-induced Il10 expression in the DCs. Co-administration of AIT/TAFA4 attenuated the AR response in mice by inducing antigen-specific Tr1 cells. In conclusion, TAFA4 induces the expression of IL-10 in DCs. Acting as an adjuvant, TAFA4 significantly improves AIT’s therapeutic efficacy against AR by inducing antigen-specific Tr1 cells.
Broad-spectrum CRISPR-Cas13a enables efficient phage genome editing
Authors: Adler Benjamin A. , Hessler Tomas , Cress Brady F. , Lahiri Arushi , Mutalik Vivek K. , Barrangou Rodolphe , Banfield Jillian , Doudna Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCRISPR-Cas13 proteins are RNA-guided RNA nucleases that defend against incoming RNA and DNA phages by binding to complementary target phage transcripts followed by general, non-specific RNA degradation. Here we analysed the defensive capabilities of LbuCas13a from Leptotrichia buccalis and found it to have robust antiviral activity unaffected by target phage gene essentiality, gene expression timing or target sequence location. Furthermore, we find LbuCas13a antiviral activity to be broadly effective against a wide range of phages by challenging LbuCas13a against nine E. coli phages from diverse phylogenetic groups. Leveraging the versatility and potency enabled by LbuCas13a targeting, we applied LbuCas13a towards broad-spectrum phage editing. Using a two-step phage-editing and enrichment method, we achieved seven markerless genome edits in three diverse phages with 100% efficiency, including edits as large as multi-gene deletions and as small as replacing a single codon. Cas13a can be applied as a generalizable tool for editing the most abundant and diverse biological entities on Earth.
Probing coenzyme A homeostasis with semisynthetic biosensors
Authors: Xue Lin , Schnacke Paul , Frei Michelle S. , Koch Birgit , Hiblot Julien , Wombacher Richard , Fabritz Sebastian , Johnsson Kai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoenzyme A (CoA) is one of the central cofactors of metabolism, yet a method for measuring its concentration in living cells is missing. Here we introduce the first biosensor for measuring CoA levels in different organelles of mammalian cells. The semisynthetic biosensor is generated through the specific labeling of an engineered GFP–HaloTag fusion protein with a fluorescent ligand. Its readout is based on CoA-dependent changes in Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency between GFP and the fluorescent ligand. Using this biosensor, we probe the role of numerous proteins involved in CoA biosynthesis and transport in mammalian cells. On the basis of these studies, we propose a cellular map of CoA biosynthesis that suggests how pools of cytosolic and mitochondrial CoA are maintained.