bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choke Cherry, Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Wayne Co., Oh, 1988
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of eastern tent caterpillar larvae on chokecherry (1-3 m) growing along a roadside. Each treatment was applied to the dominant active nest and surrounding foliage when larvae were 10-30 mm in length. A KWH backpack mistblower operating at half throttle on aperture setting 3 for 30 s was used to seliver ca. 600 ml of finished spray to each of 3, single-tree replicates/treatment. Spray applications were made 11 May when conditions were sunny, 16°C, with a 24-32 kph breeze. Treatment effectiveness was assessed 20 May by dismantling the dominant tent in each sprayed tree and assessing percent larval mortality.
Spring Control of Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid with Safer’S Soap and Conventional Insecticides on Douglas-Fir in Berks Co., Pa, 1989
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty seven treatments were applied to evaluate Cooley spruce gall adelgid on heavily infested 6-8 ft Douglas-fir Christmas trees. Each treatment was applied on 17 Apr to 4 tree replicates. Foliar treatments were completed by using a Solo Master 412 mistblower. Treatments were applied at the rate of 100 gal/acre (302 ml/tree). At treatment time the following conditions existed: air temperature, 78-82°F; 25% RH, and skies were clear and sunny. Sixteen DAT (3 May) counts were completed on each tree. Each replicate was evaluated by completing 4 15-s counts and recording the total number of flocked females.
Juniper, Spruce Spider Mite Control, Knox Co., Oh, 1988
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Junipers (1.0-1.5 m high), gorwing in a nursery were used to evaluate acaricides against spruce spider mites. Treatments were assigned to plants randomly, except that the 4 single-plant replicates were chosen from throughout different parts of the plantation. Pre-counts indicated an average of 205 mites/sample. Treatments were applied with a KWH backpack mistblower operating at half throttle on aperture setting 3 for 40 s delivering ca. 920 ml of finished spray/plant. The first application was made with all treatments, except Margosan-O, 6 Jun when conditions were sunny, 29°C, with a breeze of 8-16 kph. Margosan-O was applied 15 Jun when second applications were made with all treatments, except Savey. Conditions were sunny, 31°C, with no breeze. Treatments were evaluated 2, 4, and 6 wk after the second application by removing 5, 10-15 cm long, lateral branch tips from each of the replicate plants. Samples were placed in plastic bags and put in an ice-chest for transport to laboratory. Samples were immediately processed by passing them through a mite brusher 6 times to dislodge mites to a rotating glass plate coated with Tween-20. Dislodged mites were counted with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope.
Field Evaluation of Chlorpyrifos, Tralomethrin, Cypermethrin and Xrd-473 Against German Cockroach Pop-Ulations, 1987
Authors: Ogg Clyde L. , Gold Roger E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field study was conducted to evaluate chlorpyrifos (Dursban M) and tralomefhrin alone, and combined with XRD-473 (an experimental insect growth regulator), and cypermethrin (Demon W) alone for German cockroach control. The study site consisted or 30 apartments (each treatment replicated 10 x) in Omaha, NE which were similar in construction and size. Initially, cockroach population estimates were made by placing sticky traps (Mr. Sticky®) in each structure under the kitchen sink, adjacent to the stove or refrigerator, behind the toilet in each bathroom, and near the waterheater. Traps were left in the units for 1 night, collected and the cockroaches counted to determine mean number of cockroaches/trap/night (precount). Residences were then treated with a water emulsion spray of Dursban M, tralomethrin, Dursban plus XRD-473, tralomethrin plus XRD-473, or with Demon. The treatments were applied with a standard 1 gal B&G® hand sprayer fitted with a multee-jet® nozzle set on coarse fan spray. The insecticides were applied in a continuous band along baseboards, around the doorways, windows and all entrances, beneath the sink, stove and refrigerator, in and on all shelves and cabinets, and around plumbing and other utility installations. Cockroaches were trapped, using the same procedures as described above, at monthly intervals through 6 mo. Trap counts following applications (postcount) were converted to percentage reduction of cockroach populations for each house, based on precounts using the following formula; Percentage reduction = [(precount ° postcount) / precount] × 100. Because the percentage reduction data were not normally distributed, the data were transformed to ranks, within times, and analyzed using ANOVA procedures.
Efficacy of Max-Con, Tomahawk, and Terminator Ear Tags on Face Flies and Pyrethroid-Resistant Horn Flies, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, 1988
Authors: Campbell John B. , Boxler David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Max-Con tags were applied to 196 cows (two tags/cow) 1 Jun. Tomahawk tags were applied to 201 cows (two tags/cow), and Terminator tags were applied to 200 cows (one tag/cow) 2 Jun. An untreated control herd of 200 cows was used for comparison. Cows were with calves in all 4 treatments. Horn and face fly counts were recorded bi-weekly. Horn fly counts were made by counting the number of flies on both sides of an animal. Face fly counts were made by counting the total number of flies/face. A minimum of 15 cows in each group were counted during each counting session.
Efficacy of Terminator Ear Tags on Pyrethroid-Resistant Horn Flies and on Calf Weaning Weights and Performance, Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory, Whitman, Nebraska, 1987
Authors: Campbell John B. , Boxler David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Crossbred cow/calf pairs, maintained on University of Nebraska-Lincoln Sandhill native range pastures, were selected for use in this study. Three treatments were evaluated: Treatment I, cows tagged with one Terminator ear tag, calves not tagged; Treatment II, calves tagged with one Terminator ear tag, cows not tagged; and Treatment III, cows and calves not treated. Cow/calf pairs were allotted to treatment by cow weight with an equal number of steers and heifers/treatment. The number of cow/calf pairs/ treatment were as follows: Treatment I, 49 cows/calf pairs; Treatment II, 50 cow/calf pairs; Treatment III, 50 cow/calf pairs. The animals were tagged and weighed 2 Jun, and the cow/calf pairs were then placed in appropriate pastures. The 3 pastures were of equal size (623 acres) and had an excellent stand of native grass. Pretreatment horn fly numbers were recorded prior to the start of the study, and on a bi-monthly basis thereafter. Fly numbers were recorded by counting the total number of horn flies on both sides of a cow. A minimum of 15 cows were included during each fly counting period.
Efficacy of Terminator and Atroban Ear Tags on Resistant Horn Fly Populations, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, 1987
Authors: Campbell John B. , Boxler David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three groups of 200 crossbred cow/calf pairs, maintained on separate native range pastures at the Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, were used in this study. Terminator ear tags were applied to one group of cows (one tag/cow); Atroban tags were applied to another group of cows (one tag/cow); and the third group of cows received no insecticide treatment. There were about 200 cow/calf pairs/treatment. Ear tags were applied during the first wk of Jun. Fly numbers were recorded on a bi-monthly basis, counting the total number of horn flies on both sides of a cow. A minimum of 15 cows were included at each fly oounting period.
Control of Face Flies and Horn Flies on Dairy Cattle with Liquiduster™ Applicators, Insecticidal Ear Tags, Or A Pour-On Treatment, 1989
Authors: Miller R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the first of 2 trials, permethrin insecticide was applied to 3 herds (40-85 head/herd) of kctating dairy cows via Liquiduster applicators starting in Jun and continuing until the 3rd wk of Sep. In a second trial, 4 herds (15-50 head/herd) of dairy heifers or dry dairy cows were treated as follows: (1) 20% fenthion ear tags (formula A, 2 tags/head) were attached to each animal in a herd on 24 Jul, (2) two 20% fenthion ear tags (formula C, 2 tags/head) were attached to each animal in a herd on 24 Jul, (3) 10% cyfluthrin ear tags (2 tags/head) were attached to each animal in a herd on 26 Jul, (4) animals were treated with 1% cyfluthrin pour-on (12 ml/animal) on 24 Jul and 29 Aug. No horn flies were observed on these herds when they were treated. Two herds and one herd served as untreated control herds for the Liquiduster trial and the ear tags and pour-on trial, respectively. Fly density was determined by making weekly counts of the no. of face flies/face and horn flies/side on 15 animals in each herd during the months of Aug and Sep.
Horn and Face Fly Control on Pastured Beef Cattle with Insecticidal Ear Tag Preparations, 1989
Authors: Webb J. D. , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental and commercially available ear tags were evaluated under field conditions for their efficacy against horn and face flies on pastured beef cattle in central Kentucky. The horn fly populations on all herds tagged were sampled and tested for permethrin resistance using the Kentucky horn fly resistance test procedure prior to tagging. A susceptible horn fly population obtained from USDA Livestock laboratory, Kerrville, TX was used as a comparison for all resistance tests. The tags were placed on all adult animals at the rate of one tag/ear. The commercial tags used were Maxcon™, Optimizer™, Terminator™, Saber ™, Tomahawk ™, and Ranger ™. The experimental tags included Mobay’s 15% fenthion + 10% coumaphos, 20% fenthion, 20% fenthion + 15% piperonyl butoxide, and 10% cyfluthrinate and Y-TEX corporation’s YT609A (20% diazinon) and YT305 (cypermethrin). All herds were tagged between 5-15 Jun with the exception of one herd tagged with a 20% fenthion ear tag on 30 Jun. Face flies were counted on the head and face of 10 randomly selected animals/farm while horn flies were estimated on one side of the same animals. Fly counts were compared to those on untreated herds further than 0.5 km, but less than 5 km from the treated herds.
Residual Activity of Insect Growth Regulators, 1989
Authors: Barrett Bruce A. , Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 19 Jun, treatments were applied to four small (5 ft) ‘Red Yorking’ apple trees maintained outside via a handgun to drip. Beginning on the day of application, and once a week for 4 wk afterward, 4 leaves from each of the treatment’s 2 trees were randomly sampled with 2 leaf disks (17.9 mm diam) cut from each leaf. Each pair of leaf disks was placed inside a 7.5 × 29.6 mm glass shell vial. Five neonate TABM larvae were then placed inside the vial. TABM larvae were obtained from a laboratory colony reared on a lima bean artificial diet. Vials were kept in a growth chamber set at 20°C with a 16L:8D photoperiod. Seven days later the larvae were examined for mortality. Each treatment had 40 larvae assayed weekly (8 vials with 5 larvae/vial). This process was continued up to 28 days (17 Jul) after the trees were initially treated. During the 28 days that the treated leaves were exposed to weathering, measurable rain occurred on 16 d, for a total of 22.9 cm of rainfall. The average temperature during this period was 23.1°C.
Cabbage Leaf Bioassays, 1989
Authors: Eastman C. E. , Oloumi-Sadeghi H. , Kinney K. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Market Prize’ cabbage seedlings were transplanted into plots 4 rows wide by 25 ft long, 15 plants/row, at the Vegetable Crops Farm in Champaign. Bond adjuvant was used except with the USDA products, Ambush, and untreated check. Treatments were applied with 3 hollow cone nozzles (TXSS-8)/row from a 4-row sprayer delivering 30.8 gal/acre (USDA products at 20.4 gal/acre) at 50 psi and 2 mph. Plots were sprayed 30 Jun and 6, 13, 24, and 31 Jul, but bioassays were done only in association with the final application. Bioassays were initiated 31 Jul (0 DAT, 2 h after application) 3 Aug (3 DAT), and 5 Aug (5 DAT). In each bioassay, single 2-square-inch pieces from 3 frame leaves/treatment were placed in a glass petri dish containing moistened filter paper and 5 larvae (mostly third instars, from a 1988 colony from southwestern Illinois). Treatments were replicated 5 times for a total of 25 larvae/treatment. Replicates were held at 80 ° 2°F and 16L:8D. Mortality (no movement following gentle probing) was assessed at 24-h intervals for 72 h
Horseradish Leaf Bioassays, 1989
Authors: Eastman C. E. , Oloumi-Sadeghi H. , Kinney K. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Single plots 4 rows wide by 25 ft long with 36-inch centers and 24-inch plant spacing were marked off within a field of ‘Swiss’ horseradish in Madison Co., Illinois. Bond adjuvant was used in all spray applications, including the check, except for one Ambush treatment. Treatments were applied 11 Sep with 3 hollow cone nozzles (TXSS-8)/row from a 4-row sprayer delivering 30.8 gal/acre at 50 psi and 2 mph; the entire field had been treated with a fungicide by the grower earlier that day for white rust prevention. Air-dried foliage (15 leaves per treatment) was returned to the laboratory in Champaign and refrigerated overnight. On 12 Sep, 3 leaf pieces (2 square inches each) were cut from 5 leaves/treatment, mixed together, and assigned in groups of 3 to glass petri dishes containing moistened filter paper and 8 larvae (mostly third instars, from a 1988 colony established with collections from horseradish fields in southwestern Illinois). Treatments were replicated 5 times for a total of 40 larvae/treatment. Replicates were held at 80° day: 75°F night and 14L:10D. Mortality (no movement following gentle probing) was assessed cumulatively at 24-h intervals for 72 h.
Effect of Lorsban, Dowco 214, and Xrd 473 on Pyrethroid Resistant Tobacco Budworms, 1989
Authors: Elzen G. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Formulated insecticides were evaluated for toxicity to tobacco budworms in the laboratory by application to cotton terminals (cv. ‘STV 213’ ) in water pics using a laboratory spray table. Tobacco budworms used in these tests were obtained from a cotton field near Glen Allan, MS, which had experienced cypermethrin control failure in 1986. Two budworm cultures were established on artificial diet: a 4 × resistant culture maintained in the laboratory without further cypermethrin exposure, and an 18 × resistant culture which was established from the original 4X resistant line by cypermethrin application pressure in the laboratory over 12 generations. Resistance levels were determined by topical bioassays of larvae. The spray table was calibrated to deliver 6 gal/acre at 2 mph with 30 psi at one TS6 nozzle. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates of 20 terminals/replicate. Controls were treated with water only. One 3rd instar tobacco budworm was placed on each terminal 30 min after spraying and held under ventilated cups at 85 F and 55-60% RH. Mortality was determined at 48 h and 120 h after spraying; larvae were moved to artificial diet after 48 h. When tests involved XRD 473, surviving insects were placed on artificial diet and held until pupation, emergence, or death.
Laboratory Residual Dust Study for Brown Recluse Spider Control
Authors: Price Richard , Blevins Laren , Pinkston Ken , Bell Mike 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the residual activity of 5 different dust formulations at different dosage rates. In test 1, dusts were applied to 2 different surfaces, masonite and the paper backing attached to Owens-Corning Fiberglass Building Insulation, while only masonite was used in test 2. Treatment consisted of spreading dust evenly over the masonite surface (4 inch × 4 inch × 1/4 inch) with a paint brush to an accuracy of 0.001 g. The dust was applied to the paper backing of insulation (4 inch × 4 inch) by placing it in a closed cylindrical container (7 inch × 6 3/4 inch diameter) and treating with a hand bulb duster. The duster was held horizontally with the nose in a hole at a height of 5 1/4 inches and pumped 2 to 3 times. The amount of dust applied was then measured and more was added as needed to an accuracy of 0.005 g. The application amounts were set to duplicate label rates if known. Treatments were allowed to age for 24 h. After 24 h, spiders were exposed to the treated surface for one hr before being transferred to an untreated surface. Test procedure consisted of placing one spider under a 10 oz plastic cup (7.1 square inches of treated surface) and then confined to an untreated surface for 48 h after treatment. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. Mortality counts were made at 1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h. Tests were started at 1, 7 and 14 DAT. All mortality figures for this test are accumulative from the first observation (1 HOAT) for that particular date to conclusion of test on that date (48 HOAT). Spiders used in the test were collected from a natural habitat that had no prior insecticide treatment. Spiders were maintained in 1 oz plastic cups with food and water.
Experimental Neem-Based Insecticide 43178F/17 for Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs, 1991
Authors: Spicer P. , Potter D. A. , Patterson C. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted in a Kentucky bluegrass plot at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Research Farm, Fayette Co., KY. The established turf was on a Maury silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Paleudalf), with pH = 6.2. Thatch accumulation was &lt;0.25 inch. Throughout Jun and most of Jul there was a very heavy flight of adult JB in the vicinity of the test site. Preliminary sampling of the border areas surrounding the plot suggested an endemic JB grub population of about 6-8/square ft at the time of treatment. Plots (7 × 7 ft) were established in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications of four treatments, corresponding to three rates of 43178F/17 (20, 50, or 100 g Al/acre) plus an untreated control. The plots were treated on 30 Jul, using a high pressure COa sprayer that delivered 2 gal of spray/1000 ft2. Temperature at the time of application was 78°C, with 72% relative humidity and 5 mph winds. All plots were irrigated with about 0.75 inch of water immediately after treatments were applied. The grub population at the time of treatment consisted of mostly second instars, with a small no. of first and third instars also present. Treatment effectiveness was assessed 30 DAT by removing 12 cores (8 inch diam, 7 inch deep) from each plot with a golf-type turf mender. These were broken apart in the field, and all living or apparently moribund grubs present) were collected into separate containers for each plot. Grubs were returned to the laboratory where they were sorted to species, counted, and weighed on la Mettler electronic microbalance.
Euonymus, Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Euonymus Scale, Wooster, Ohio, 1990
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Euonymus, 20-46 cm tall, growing next to the Department of Entomology building at the main OARDC campus were used to evaluate insecticides against euonymus scale settled 1st stage nymphs. A CO2 compression sprayer operating at 40 psi with a single Teejet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle was used to apply treatments to run-off, using about 630 ml of finished spray per plant. Three, single-plant replicates were used for each treatment. Sprays were applied 5 Jun under sunny skies, 17°C, and 0-8 km/h winds. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 9 DAT by counting the first 100 scales on a total of four leaves per replicate.
Foliar Insect Control in Lupine, 1989
Authors: Noetzel David , Sheets Becky 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was established, 23 May, on an irrigated sandy loam soil at the Staples Irrigation Station, Staples, MN. Plots were 4 rows X 9.15 m in length. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Seed was inoculated and later planted using a John Deere Maximerge 4 row planter. Soil moisture was adequate and light rains the day of and after planting ensured rapid and uniform germination. Insecticides were broadcast applied in 30.4 liter/ha of water on 21 Jul using a hand held C02 sprayer at 3.15 kg/cm2 pressure. A visual color rating (1-10) was made on 31 Jul. Yields were collected from 6.1 m of row. Moisture readings were taken on harvested seed and yields of clean seed adjusted accordingly.
Phytotoxicity of Three Formulations of Insecticidal Soap in Postharvest Dip Treatments of Dendrobium Orchids, 1991
Authors: Tenbrink V. L. , Hu B. K. , Hara A. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials were conducted on cut sprays of greenhouse grown dendrobium orchids. Sprays were rated on visual quality by two observers, and the scores were combined for an overall rating score ranging from zero (perfect) to eighteen (complete necrosis). After random assignment to treatments, five sprays were dipped in water for five min, and five each were dipped in 2% AI solutions of 3 insecticidal soaps for 5 min. The solutions were shaken off, stems immersed in water, and the flower sprays allowed to dry without rinsing. Sprays were held at ca. 26°C and rated twice weekly. Mean rating scores for treated and controls were subjected to ANOVA. Three trials under the same conditions were conducted.
Control of Rose Aphid
Authors: Miller Fredric 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Control of aphids on garden rose was evaluated by selecting 32 rose plants growing in 2 gal pots with similar infestation levels. The plants were grown in a shade-house under standard nursery production conditions. Treatments were randomly applied with four single plant replicates per treatment. Plants were sprayed until drip using a 1 qt capacity hand held Polysprayer. Temperature at the time of treatment was 22°C and the relative humidity was 50%. Prior to spraying (0 DAT) and at 2, 4, and 8 DAT, one, 5 cm long growing tip was randomly selected from each plant and the total no. of live aphids recorded. Aphids that were shriveled, distorted, and lacked movement were considered dead.
Phytotoxicity Test, Selected Woody Plants, Madison, Ohio, 1990
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pesticides were evaluated for phytotoxicity on 13 species/ cultivars of containerized woody plants at a nursery in Madison, OH. A CO2 compression sprayer operating at 20 psi with a Teejet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle was used to apply finished sprays to run-off Each treatment was applied to 3 plants of each type. All plants received 2 applications 14 d apart (2 and 16 Aug). Conditions for both applications were sunny skies, 27°C, and 8-16 km/h winds. Plants received over-head irrigation every other day or as needed. Plants were inspected for symptoms of phytotoxicity 4, 7, 14, 18, 21, 28, and 35 DAT.
Birch, Efficacy and Residual of Selected Insecticides Against Gypsy Moth Larvae, Wooster, Ohio, 1990
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Birch, 20-30 cm tall, growing in 1-pt (0.48 liter) containers in a greenhouse at the main OARDC campus were used to evaluate insecticides against 4th instar gypsy moth larvae. Spray applications were applied to run-off on 19 Jul using a C02 compression sprayer operating at 20 psi with a single Teejet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle. Each treatment consisted of three, single-tree replicates. Two leaves were removed from each replicate 1, 4, 8, and 12 DAT and placed in 1-liter Fonda cartons fitted with nylon organdy cloth mesh tops along with three larvae per replicate. Plants were watered every Mon, Wed, and Fri or as needed. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated by allowing larvae to feed on treated foliage for 72 h and assessing percent mortality.