bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Onsite Implanon Insertion Training of Health Extension Workers in Ethiopia: A Mixed-method Study by USAID Transform: Primary Health Care
Authors: Tilahun Yewondwossen , Belayihun Bekele , Teshome Luwam , Zerihun Habtamu , Asnake Mengistu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Training health extension workers on Implanon insertion offsite, or away from the workplace, can be cost-intensive, can depend on the human and financial resources of partners, and can compromise routine health services by taking health workers off the job. To address these limitations, the USAID Transform Primary Health Care Activity in Ethiopia designed an onsite Implanon insertion training at the primary health care level. This study compared the effectiveness and documented the implementation experience of onsite versus offsite Implanon insertion training for health extension workers.Methods: In a mixed-method study conducted in March 2020, the team collected data from 468 participants—half trained onsite and half offsite—and conducted key informant interviews with 20 purposively sampled individuals. The team analyzed this data and conducted a basic costing analysis, summarizing the data in tables and figures and performing a t-test with p-value<0.05 using SPSS v.20. Qualitative data were analyzed manually in Excel and summarized in Word based on emerging themes.Results: The difference in average per-trainee cost of onsite (2,707 Birr) and offsite (6,006 Birr) training was significant (P<0.001). Health extension workers trained onsite were away from routine work an average of three days compared to eight days for those trained offsite (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in mean scores of onsite and offsite trainees on the knowledge pre-test (P<0.947) and post-test (P<0.220) or in simulated practice on an arm model (p <0.202). Onsite trainees, assigned to their own health post for clinical practice, performed Implanon insertions on an average of 10 clients; offsite trainees on an average of 5 clients. Most interview participants reported that the onsite Implanon training was better organized, conducted, followed up, and monitored by health centers to ensure community-level access to Implanon services, with quality and continuity.Conclusions: Onsite training is cost-effective and minimizes service interruption. It is a promising strategy for on-demand training of health extension workers and immediate assignment of skilled providers to ensure access to and continuity of quality community-level Implanon care. Trial registration: N/A
Reliability, acceptability, validity and responsiveness of the CHU9D and PedsQL in the measurement of quality of life in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity
Authors: Hayes Alison , Raghunandan Rakhee , Killedar Anagha , Smith Sarah , Cvejic Erin , Howell Martin , Petrou Stavros , Lancsar Emily , Wong Germaine , Craig Jonathan , Howard Kirsten 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground There is evidence that childhood overweight and obesity impact negatively on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), using measures including the Paediatric Quality of life Inventory Generic Core Scales (PedsQL) and the Child Health Utilities 9 Dimensions (CHU9D). However, no studies have comprehensively established the psychometric properties of these instruments in the context of paediatric overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability, acceptability, validity and responsiveness of the PedsQL and the CHU9D in the measurement of HRQoL among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Subjects/Methods Subjects were 6544 child participants of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, with up to 3 repeated measures of PedsQL and CHU9D and aged between 10 and 17 years. Weight and height were measured objectively by trained operators, and weight status determined using World Health Organisation growth standards. We examined reliability, acceptability, known group and convergent validity and responsiveness, using recognised methods. Results Both PedsQL and CHU9D demonstrated good internal consistency reliability, and high acceptability. Neither instrument showed strong convergent validity, but PedsQL appears to be superior to the CHU9D in known groups validity and responsiveness. Compared with healthy weight, mean (95%CI) differences in PedsQL scores for children with obesity were: boys: -5.6 (-6.2, -4.4) ; girls − 6.7 (-8.1, -5.4) and differences in CHU9D utility were: boys − 0.02 (-0.034, -0.006) ; girls − 0.035 (-0.054, -0.015). Differences in scores for overweight compared with healthy weight were: PedsQL boys − 2.2 (-3.0, -1.4) and girls − 1.3 (-2.0, -0.6) and CHU9D boys: no significant difference; girls − 0.014 (-0.026, -0.003). Conclusion PedsQL and CHU9D overall demonstrated good psychometric properties, supporting their use in measuring HRQoL in paediatric overweight and obesity. CHU9D had poorer responsiveness and did not discriminate between overweight and healthy weight in boys, which may limit its use in economic evaluation.
Analyzing the Queuing Theory at the Emergency Department at King Hussein Cancer Center
Authors: Qandeel Mahmoud Salameh , Al-Qudah Islam Khaleel , Nayfeh Riyad , Aryan Haitham , Ajaj Omar , Alkhatib Hisham , Hamdan Yousef 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study was conducted in 2022 at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) to analyze the queuing theory at the Emergency Department (ED).
Methods
According to the statistics, the peak months were July and August, with peak hours from 10 am until 6 pm. The study sample was a week of July 2022, during the peak days and hours. Patients’ wait- time was measured according to three stations: the health informatics desk, triage room, and emergency bed area.
Results
The average number of patients in the line at the health informatics desk was not more than 3, and the waiting time was between 1 and 4 minutes. Hence, patients immediately received service in the triage room; hence; there was no waiting time or line because the nurse’s role ends after taking the vital signs and rating the patient’s acuity. Using equations of queuing theory and other relativistic equations in the emergency bed area gave different results. To explain, the queuing theory showed that the average residence time in the system was between 4 and 10 minutes.
Conclusions
Conversely, relativistic equations (ratios of served patients and departed patients and other related variables) demonstrated that the average residence time was between 21 and 36 minutes.
Novel Agro-Aaste for Adsorption of Acid Violet 90 from Contaminated Water: Isotherms and Kinetics
Authors: Hashem A. , Aly A.A , Abdel-Mohsen A. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Locally available peach seed shell (PSS) waste was utilized to prepare an efficient acid violet dye biosorbent. The peach seed shell powder (PSS) was thoroughly characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and point of zero charge (pHpzc) measurements to elucidate its functional groups, as well as the surface texture morphology and charge. The physicochemical characteristics of the PSS sorbent made from PSS and their applications for acid violet 90 dye were studied. The effect of several process variables (such as contact time, biosorbent dosage, pH, temperature, and initial concentration) on dye uptake capacity was also investigated. Based on the experimental findings, the following optimal process conditions were established in the study (pH 7.0, 0.2 g/L adsorbent mass, 30 ° C and time of 120 min) and the maximum adsorption capacity of acid violet 90 dye in PSS waste was 94.92 mg/g. The experimental equilibrium and kinetic data were described by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-R pseudo-first-order kinetics model, pseudo-second-order kinetics model, and intra-particle diffusion models, respectively. The adsorption thermodynamics of acid violet 90 in PSS waste was investigated. The results indicated that the PSS could be used as an efficient adsorbent to remove acid violet 90 from aqueous solutions.
Nipple areolar complex (NAC) or skin flap ischemia necrosis post nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM)-Analysis of clinicopathologic and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) factors
Authors: Lai Hung-Wen , Lee Yi-Yuan , Chen Shou-Tung , Liao Chiung-Ying , Tsai Tsung-Lin , Chen Dar-Ren , Wu Wen-Pei , Kao Wen-Pin , Lai Yuan-Chieh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to identify clinicopathologic factors and/or pre-operative MRI vascular patterns in the prediction of ischemia necrosis of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) or skin flap post nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM).
Methods
Patients who received NSM were retrospectively retrieved from a prospectively collected breast cancer database in one institute. The ischemia necrosis of NAC or skin flap was evaluated with clinicopathologic factors and types of skin incision. Patients who received NSM with pre-operative MRI evaluation were further evaluated for the vascular pattern and the impact on ischemia necrosis of NAC or skin flap.
Results
A total of 441 cases received NSM enrolled in current study, and the mean age of them was 49.1 ± 9.8-year-old. A total of 41(9.3%) NSM procedures were graded as NAC ischemia necrosis. Risk factors associated with NAC necrosis were evaluated, and old age, large mastectomy specimen weight (> 450gm), and peri-areola incision were identified. 270 NSM procedures also received pre-operative MRI, and the blood supply pattern was 18% single vessel type, and 82% double vessel. There was no correlation of MRI blood supply pattern to ischemia necrosis of NAC, nor correlated with NAC ischemia necrosis in either type of skin flap incision. There was no correlation between blood loss and pattern or size of blood vessel.
Conclusion
Certain factors, like the type of skin incision, age, and size of mastectomy weight, played important role in ischemia necrosis of NAC, however, MRI vascular (single or dual vessel supply) pattern was not a significant predictive factor.
Comparing oblique lumbar interbody fusion with lateral screw fixation and percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (OLIF-PETD) and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation complicated with lumbar instability
Authors: Deng Chen , Feng Haoyu , Ma Xun , Chen Chen , Mei Jun , Sun Lin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the early clinical effect of oblique lumbar interbody fusion with lateral screw fixation and percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (OLIF-PETD) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with lumbar instability.
Methods
A total of 22 patients with lumbar disc herniation and lumbar instability from August 2018 to August 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The general information, perioperative indicators and complications were recorded. The clinical outcomes and radiological outcomes were evaluated before the operation, seven days after the operation, and at the last follow-up. Vertebral fusion and degree of multifidus muscle injury were evaluated at the last follow-up.
Results
In this study, OLIF + PETD showed shorter incision length compared to the MIS-TLIF (P < 0.001). In the two groups, the clinical outcomes and radiological outcomes were significantly improved compared with the preoperative (P < 0.001). At the seven days after the operation and the last follow-up, the VAS of OLIF + PETD group was lower than that of MIS-TLIF group (P < 0.05). OLIF + PETD could give superior outcome in restoring disc height (P < 0.001), but the fusion segment angle of OLIF + PETD group was larger compared to the MIS-TLIF group seven days after the operation and at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). In addition, the fusion rate was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05), but OLIF + PETD could avoid the multifidus injury (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Compared to MIS-TLIF, OLIF-PETD can achieve satisfactory decompression effects and fusion rates with less multifidus injury and postoperative low back pain, which may be an alternative choice for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation combined with lumbar instability.
Source mechanisms of recent earthquakes in southern Saudi Arabia: New seismic sources to update the Saudi Building Code
Authors: Hosny Ahmed , Mousa Abdullah , Yousef Khaled , Samy Lotfy , Sadallah Hamada 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recently in 2020, in southern Saudi Arabia three felt earthquakes occurred in Asir region, in the Khamis Mushait, Ahad Rafidah, and AL-Shuqiq area, of magnitude 3.45, 3.1, and 3.5, respectively, and no large damages were recorded. The most interested event was the earthquake that occurred in Khamis Mushait area, along a lake formed behind the Tadhah Dam (~ 7 km), fearing any damage to the dam's body and the consequent destruction. Moment tensors for each event were computed for determining fault plane solutions, seismic moment, moment magnitude (Mw) and the CLVD ratio, in addition to determining the frequency contents in the waveforms of each event. The obtained focal mechanisms represent different styles of faulting, normal movement with strike slip and strike slip with reverse. These tectonic movements on faults parallel to the Red Sea refer to the tensional forces due to the Red Sea rift system. To identify the reasons behind the occurrence of these events, more than one factor was taken into consideration, which indicated to a natural tectonic movement, with considering the Khamis Mushait event as an induced event due to the lake formed behind the Tandaha Dam. Many previous seismic hazard assessment studies have been conducted in the southern part of the Kingdom, but the locations of these recent seismic sources have not been taken in account in their calculations. Thus, our study provides additional new information related to detecting of new seismic sources in the south of the Kingdom, which contributes to updating studies of seismic risk assessment in this region. In addition, our study pushing us to establishing other additional seismic stations, especially around new seismic sources, which in turn will play a pivotal role in reassessing the seismic hazard in the Kingdom and then updating the Saudi Building Code to mitigate the seismic risk.
Spatio-temporal distribution dynamics of diverse soil nitrogen pools and patterns of nitrogen and carbon sequestration after slope farmland conversion to Zanthoxylum bungeanum plantations
Authors: Saba Tahseen , Lv Chen , Wang Jingyan , Hui Wenkai , Hassan Waseem , Liu Wanlin , Jiangtao Fan , Gong Wei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aims
Plant-soil interactions, and regulatory roles of soil nitrogen (N) fractions in availability and the magnitudes of N sequestration, therein the interplay of soil C-N in cold arid regions is poorly characterized.
Methods
Post-afforestation and land-abandonment dynamics of C and N sequestration, and total inorganic N (TIN) availability were identified by quantifying changes in diverse N fraction, and their distributions patterns in 0–100 cm soil profile across a chronosequence of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (28-year (H28), 20-year (H20), 15-year (H15), and 8-year (H8) old) plantations, and abandoned-land (GL), originally converted from former farmland (FL) in cold-arid valley in Southwest China.
Results
Afforestation and GL favored gains in labile and non-labile (LON and NLON) N fractions and total N stocks. Concentrations of LON fractions and TIN was comparatively higher at 0–40 cm. Gains in NLON fractions and total organic N (TON) was significantly higher in the deep soil, as confirmed by correlation and redundancy analysis. N and C sequestration was synchronous (r = 0.948), with cumulative (0–100 cm) increase of 1.149–1.277 folds in H28 compared to H8, at an average sequestration rate of 1.336 − 0.121 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1, respectively. N pool management index (NPMI) correlated positively with soil TON, TIN, available phosphorus, potassium, and organic N fractions. NPMI improved significantly (P < 0.05) with the plantations age.
Conclusion
Plantations age and soil depths significantly influence ecosystems N dynamics. Furthermore, TON, NPMI, N fractions, and TIN can be useful indicators to gain comprehensive insights on ecosystems N restoration patterns.
Real-time milling force monitoring based on a parallel deep learning model with dual-channel vibration fusion
Authors: Chen Kunhong , Zhao Wanhua , Zhang Xing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Milling force is one of the most important aspects of milling. Its dynamic excitation effect significantly impacts both product quality and machining productivity. Nevertheless, the force amplitude changes dramatically when the tool and the workpiece begin to contact or separate. Most current research does not consider this phenomenon. This article presents a parallel integration deep learning approach to address the issue. First, this study analyzes the relationship between milling force and vibration signals and sets the dual-channel vibration signals in the same direction as the model's inputs. Then this study proposed an encoder-decoder network to realize force monitoring. Considering that the acquired vibration signal contains much noise and needs to be preprocessed, the encoder comprises long-short term memory(LSTM) networks and a fully connected (FC) network to realize adaptive filtering and feature extraction. Multiple-layer FC network forms the decoder part to reconstruct the milling force signal because of the nonlinear relationship between the vibration and force signals. Thirdly is to obtain the parallel monitoring model. The first monitoring model is obtained through the training procedure. The results of the first model are subtracted from the measured cutting force signal to get the residual part. Then, the residual part is set as the output while training the residual monitoring model. Finally, the force monitoring model is derived using the parallel integration method. The experimental results demonstrate that this study's monitoring model can provide real-time, high-precision, and reliable milling force monitoring under various cutting conditions.
Influence of Magnetic field and Decentred Parameter on Self-Focusing of cosh-Gaussian Laser Beam in Collisional Magnetized Plasma
Authors: Vhanmore B. D. , Rajmane S. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the present investigation, a Three-dimensional cosh-Gaussian laser beam is introduced. The self-focusing and defocusing of the cosh-Gaussian laser beam in collisional magnetized plasma have been investigated theoretically. The final Differential equation for the beam width parameter is derived by following Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) and paraxial approximation through standard Akhmanov`s parabolic wave equation. The final results of numerical computation are presented in the plot of beam width parameters (f1&f2) versus normalized propagation distance. The author shows a nonlinear effect in the present investigation due to the magnetic field (B0), decentered parameter (b), and plasma density on self-focusing and defocusing in collisional magnetized plasma. The results show well enhancement in the beam of self-focusing.
Immunophenotypic Profiles and Prognosis for Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinomas are Dependent on Anatomic Location
Authors: Patel Chirag , Behring Michael , Diffalha Sameer Al , Dhall Deepti , Lee Goo , Shanmugam Chandrakumar , Grizzle William E. , Manne Upender 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The prognostic value of mucinous adenocarcinomas (MCAs, exhibiting >50% extracellular mucin) of the colorectum, in relation to their anatomic location is not well studied. Thus, we compared MCAs (n=175) with non-MCAs (NMCAs, n=1,015) were immunostained for Muc1, Muc2, Bcl-2, and p53 and the cancer-specific survival rates were compared, based on their anatomic site, by univariate Kaplan-Meyer and multivariate Cox methods. MCAs were more commonly found in the right colon, were of high-grade, and were more prevalent in younger patients (<40 years). They exhibited strong expression of Muc2 and Bcl-2 and showed less p53 nuclear staining. In contrast, most NMCAs were low-grade and positive for Muc1. MCAs of the rectum were associated with poorer outcomes relative to NMCAs ((HR 2.30, CI 95% 1.29-3.19), even though the distributions of advanced-stage tumors were similar. Late-stage disease and age were poor independent prognostic indicators of cancer-specific deaths across all tumor locations. In summary, rectal MCAs have a poor prognosis.
New clinical aspects of immune dysregulation in atypical severe combined immunodeficiency due to mutations in IL2RG and RAG1
Authors: Liu Hui , Yang Haiming , Xu Hui , Liu Jinrong , Tang Xiaolei , Li Huimin , Wen Xiaohui , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Nan , Jiang Maolin , Zhao Shunying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The mild form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) is called atypical SCID resulting from hypomorphic mutations in SCID-causing genes. We characterize the new clinical aspects in four atypical SCID children.
Methods
Four pediatric patients diagnosed with atypical SCID between March 2014 and March 2022 in Beijing Children’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
The onset of age was 1 ~ 6.5 years old. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) was present in three patients, and it was the leading presentation in one of them. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) was a leading and single manifestation in one patient with mutation in RAG1. Atypical membranous nephropathy (AMN) was detected in one patient with RAG1 mutations and with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to CYP21A2 mutations. Other clinical manifestations included chronic eczema, colitis, thrombocytopenia, bilateral renal calculi, and respiratory infections and bronchiectasis. Two boys had hemizygous mutations in IL2RG; instead of the typical lymphocytic changes of T−B+NKlow, one had the TlowBlowNK+ phenotype with higher serum IgE, and the other had the TlowB+NK+ phenotype with higher serum immunoglobulins. Two patients had compound heterozygous mutations in RAG1, instead of the typical lymphocytic changes of T−B−NK+, one had the TlowBlowNKlow phenotype, and the other had the TlowBlowNK+ phenotype with lower serum IgA.
Conclusions
The clinical manifestations are highly variable in atypical SCID, being a challenge of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to clinicians. We report here the new clinical aspects of ILD and DAH as the leading manifestations, and an atypical SCID patient with AMN and proteinuria.