bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participatory approaches in water research: A review
Authors: Roque Anais , Wutich Amber , Quimby Barbara , Porter Sarah , Zheng Madeleine , Hossain Mohammed Jobayer , Brewis Alexandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractParticipatory research approaches address a range of problems in water research, including the under‐valuation of local knowledge, exclusion of marginalized people, preferential treatment of elite and expert perspectives, and extractive and exploitative research practices. Beyond this, a number of participatory approaches to water research are designed to empower participants, democratize knowledge production, improve decision‐making, and help bring about new environmental futures. In this primer, we map participatory research approaches and explain how they have been applied to advance water research. Our review focuses on the following eight approaches: participatory action research, community‐based participatory research, participatory rural appraisal, stakeholder research, participatory modeling, photovoice, citizen science, and sustainable future scenarios. We conclude by discussing a new approach, Participatory Convergence research, including how it builds from other approaches and its prospects to advance water research.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water Governance
Engineering Water > Methods
On the plane receding contact between two functionally graded layers using computational, finite element and artificial neural network methods
Authors: Öner Erdal , Şengül Şabano Bahar , Uzun Yaylacı Ecren , Adıyaman Gökhan , Yaylacı Murat , Birinci Ahmet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe frictionless double receding contact problem for two functionally graded (FG) layers pressed by a uniformly distributed load is addressed in this paper. The gradation in the layers is assumed to follow an exponential variation through the height with constant Poisson's ratios. The lower layer rests on a homogeneous half‐plane (HP). There is no adhesion between the FG layers or between the lower layer and the HP. The body forces of the FG layers and HP are ignored. First, the governing equations are reduced to a system of two singular integral equations with contact pressures and contact lengths as unknowns using Fourier transform techniques and boundary conditions. The integral equations are solved numerically using the Gauss‐Chebyshev integration formula. Then, a parametric finite element analysis is performed using the augmented contact method. Finally, the problem was extended based on the multilayer perceptron (MLP), an artificial neural network used for different problem parameters. The effects of stiffness parameters, the normalized load length, the ratio of shear moduli, the ratio of FG layer heights to the normalized contact lengths, and normalized maximum contact pressures are explored. The results of finite element analysis and the MLP approach are used to validate the normalized maximum contact pressures and contact lengths obtained from an analytical method based on elasticity theory, and finally, good agreement between these three methods results is obtained. The obtained results could help in designing multibody indentation systems with FGMs.
Epithelial Stem Cells: Making, Shaping and Breaking the Niche
Authors: Ferraces-Riegas Paula , Galbraith Anona C. , Doupé David P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEpithelial stem cells maintain tissues throughout adult life and are tightly regulated by their microenvironmental niche to balance cell production and loss. These stem cells have been studied extensively as signal-receiving cells, responding to cues from other cell types and mechanical stimuli that comprise the niche. However, studies from a wide range of systems have identified epithelial stem cells as major contributors to their own microenvironment either through producing niche cells, acting directly as niche cells or regulating niche cells. The importance of stem cell contributions to the niche is particularly clear in cancer, where tumour cells extensively remodel their microenvironment to promote their survival and proliferation.
Moral Curiosity Cabinets: Listing and the Character Sketch in Addison and Steele’s Periodicals
Authors: Schön Theresa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn Joseph Addison and Richard Steele’s periodicals The Tatler and The Spectator, the character sketch—a genre which traditionally relies on listing the distinctive traits of socio-moral characters—functions as an arena of literary experiment in the service of entertaining and reforming contemporary society. The article shows that these playful texts adapt conventional forms of the list, namely the last will and testament as well as the library catalog, to represent more or less well-known types of men and women. They thus engage the readers’ attention in what emerges as a complex epistemological process.
More Than a Canon: Lists of Contents in British Poetry Anthologies
Authors: Lethbridge Stefanie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCriticism frequently questions the aesthetic or narrative qualities of lists and assigns them a primarily pragmatic function. The list (or table) of contents is typically identified as a reference tool and of little literary value in itself, merely pointing forward to what is to come in the book it is attached to. This chapter will argue in favor of the narrative, even literary, potential of the lists of contents for British poetry anthologies that goes beyond a straightforward reinforcement of the canon. Contextualized in a print product that claims to offer culturally relevant poetic heritage, these lists of contents co-determine cognitive and affective frames of reception and create narratives out of previously disconnected items, pandering to, in some cases even enforcing, the human predilection for creating teleological connections.
Evaluation eines strukturierten E‑Learning-basierten Ansatzes zur Vermittlung der CT-Anatomie der Nasennebenhöhlen bei Medizinstudierenden
Authors: Krahe Anna Marleen , Ketterer Manuel Christoph , Offergeld Christian , Hildenbrand Tanja 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die radiologische Anatomie ist in vielen Ländern kein integraler Bestandteil des Medizinstudiums. Die Radiologie scheint für neue online-basierte Lehrmethoden besonders geeignet.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Eignung des E‑Learnings zur Einführung komplexer Lerninhalte, wie der CT-Anatomie (radiologische Anatomie in der Computertomographie), zu prüfen und zu prüfen, ob die Identifikation wichtiger anatomischer Normvarianten durch Medizinstudent(inn)en durch eine Computertomographie-Checkliste verbessert werden kann.

Material und Methoden
Medizinstudierende wurden gebeten, Computertomographien (CT) der Nasennebenhöhlen auf anatomische Normvarianten vor und nach der Einführung der CLOSE-Kriterien (cribriform plate = Lamina cribrosa, Lamina papyracea, Onodi-Zelle = Sphenoethmoidale Zelle, sphenoid sinus = Keilbeinhöhle, ethmoidal artery = Arteria ethmoidalis anterior) zu untersuchen. Sowohl die CT-Anatomie als auch die CLOSE-Kriterien wurden mittels E‑Learning vermittelt. Die Rate der korrekt identifizierten Normvarianten und die Ergebnisse für die einzelnen CLOSE-Items wurden ermittelt. Die subjektive Evaluation des Nutzens der Checkliste und des E‑Learnings erfolgte mithilfe eines Fragebogens.

Ergebnisse
Zehn Studierende nahmen an dieser Pilotstudie teil. Die Rate der korrekt identifizierten anatomischen Normvarianten verbesserte sich nach der Einführung der CLOSE-Kriterien signifikant von 33,3 auf 61,1 %. Die Analyse der einzelnen CLOSE-Items zeigte eine signifikante Verbesserung für C, S und E. Die subjektive Evaluation des E‑Learnings und der CT-Checkliste waren sehr positiv.

Schlussfolgerung
Komplexe Lerninhalte können Medizinstudierenden mittels E‑Learning vermittelt werden, auch wenn bisher kein Vorwissen in diesem Bereich besteht. Das E‑Learning wird als angemessene Methode zur Einführung der Thematik beurteilt. Ein strukturiertes Vorgehen mithilfe der CLOSE-Kriterien kann die Erkennung anatomischer Normvarianten signifikant verbessern.
Cohort profile: biological pathways of risk and resilience in Syrian refugee children (BIOPATH)
Authors: McEwen Fiona S. , Popham Cassandra , Moghames Patricia , Smeeth Demelza , de Villiers Bernadette , Saab Dahlia , Karam Georges , Fayyad John , Karam Elie , Pluess Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe BIOPATH cohort was established to explore the interplay of psychosocial and biological factors in the development of resilience and mental health problems in Syrian refugee children. Based in Lebanon, a middle-income country significantly impacted by the refugee crisis, it is the first such cohort of refugees in the Middle East. Families were recruited from informal tented settlements in the Beqaa region using purposive cluster sampling. At baseline (October 2017–January 2018), N = 3188 individuals participated [n = 1594 child–caregiver dyads; child gender, 52.6% female; mean (SD) age = 11.44 (2.44) years, range = 6–19]. Re-participation rate at 1-year follow-up was 62.8%. Individual interviews were conducted with children and primary caregivers and biological samples collected from children. Measures include: (1) children’s well-being and mental health problems (using tools validated against clinical interviews in a subsample of the cohort); (2) psychosocial risk and protective factors at the level of the individual (e.g. coping strategies), family (e.g. parent–child relationship), community (e.g. collective efficacy), and wider context (e.g. services); (3) saliva samples for genetic and epigenetic (methylation) analyses; (4) hair samples to measure cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone. This cohort profile provides details about sampling and recruitment, data collection and measures, demographic data, attrition and potential bias, key findings on resilience and mental health problems in children and strengths and limitations of the cohort. Researchers interested in accessing data should contact Professor Michael Pluess at Queen Mary University of London, UK (e-mail: m.pluess@qmul.ac.uk).
Pattern recognition methodologies for pollen grain image classification: a survey
Authors: Viertel Philipp , König Matthias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn a large number of scientific areas, such as immunology, forensics, paleoecology, and archeology, the study of pollen, i.e., palynology, plays an important role: from tracking climate changes, studying allergies, to forensic investigations or honey origin analysis. Since the mid-nineties of the last century, the idea for an automated solution to the problem of pollen identification and classification was formulated and since then, several attempts and proposals have been made and presented, based on different technologies, in particular in the field of Computer Vision. However, as of 2021 microscopic analyses are performed mainly manually by highly trained specialists, although the capabilities of artificial intelligence, especially Deep Neural Networks, are steadily increasing. In this work, we analyzed various state-of-the-art research work concerning pollen detection and classification and compared their methods and results. The problems, such as data accessibility, different methods of Machine Learning, and the intended applicability of the proposed solutions are explored. We also identified crucial issues that require further work and research. Our work will provide a thorough view on the current state of the art, its issues, and possibilities for the future.
A Proposed Classification and Treatment Algorithm for Rectus Diastasis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Keramidas Evangelos , Rodopoulou Stavroula , Gavala Maria-Ioanna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
This study presents a classification system and treatment method to correct Rectus diastasis (RD) during abdominoplasty.

Materials and methods
One hundred and sixty seven patients undergoing abdominoplasty were enrolled between April 2014 and January 2018. Forty-three patients did not present with RD and were excluded from the analysis. Mean age was 40.32 years, mean BMI was 23.84, and minimum follow-up was 24 months. A four-type (A: mild 2–3cm, B: moderate 3–5cm, C: severe 5–7cm, and D: very severe 7–9cm) classification system is described. A different treatment method is performed in each category using continuous and interrupted absorbable sutures. Postoperatively patients filled up a questionnaire that involved the level of pain, the postoperative day they performed specific indoor/outdoor activities, and the evaluation of the aesthetic result.

Results
No statistically significant differences were observed between the four RD types regarding pain, complications, and return to specific activities. All types of RD had the same low rate complication profile. The seroma rate was 0.81%. The infection rate was 0.81%, and the thromboembolism and the pneumonic embolism rate was 0%. After 2–6 years of follow-up no clinical recurrence of rectus diastasis was observed. All reoperations (14.52%) were performed due to scar deformities. Mean pain score levels were very low (<1.5) and within a week most patients returned to specific indoor and outdoor activities. Most patients were extremely satisfied with the results.

Conclusions
In this article, we present an updated classification system and treatment protocol to provide surgeons a safe and standardized method that produces high-quality aesthetic results.

Level of evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Methods for statistical fine-mapping and their applications to auto-immune diseases
Authors: Wang Qingbo S. , Huang Hailiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of loci in the human genome that are associated with different traits, understanding the biological mechanisms underlying the association signals identified in GWAS remains challenging. Statistical fine-mapping is a method aiming to refine GWAS signals by evaluating which variant(s) are truly causal to the phenotype. Here, we review the types of statistical fine-mapping methods that have been widely used to date, with a focus on recently developed functionally informed fine-mapping (FIFM) methods that utilize functional annotations. We then systematically review the applications of statistical fine-mapping in autoimmune disease studies to highlight the value of statistical fine-mapping in biological contexts.
Histone 3 lysine 4 monomethylation supports activation of transcription in S. cerevisiae during nutrient stress
Authors: Deshpande Neha , Jordan Rachel , Henderson Pozzi Michelle , Bryk Mary 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMono-methylation of the fourth lysine on the N-terminal tail of histone H3 was found to support the induction of RNA polymerase II transcription in S. cerevisiae during nutrient stress. In S. cerevisiae, the mono-, di- and tri-methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4) is catalyzed by the protein methyltransferase, Set1. The three distinct methyl marks on H3K4 act in discrete ways to regulate transcription. Nucleosomes enriched with tri-methylated H3K4 are usually associated with active transcription whereas di-methylated H3K4 is associated with gene repression. Mono-methylated H3K4 has been shown to repress gene expression in S. cerevisiae and is detected at enhancers and promoters in eukaryotes. S. cerevisiae set1Δ mutants unable to methylate H3K4 exhibit growth defects during histidine starvation. The growth defects are rescued by either a wild-type allele of SET1 or partial-function alleles of set1, including a mutant that predominantly generates H3K4me1 and not H3K4me3. Rescue of the growth defect is associated with induction of the HIS3 gene. Growth defects observed when set1Δ cultures were starved for isoleucine and valine were also rescued by wild-type SET1 or partial-function set1 alleles. The results show that H3K4me1, in the absence of H3K4me3, supports transcription of the HIS3 gene and expression of one or more of the genes required for biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine during nutrient stress. Set1-like methyltransferases are evolutionarily conserved, and research has linked their functions to developmental gene regulation and several cancers in higher eukaryotes. Identification of mechanisms of H3K4me1-mediated activation of transcription in budding yeast will provide insight into gene regulation in all eukaryotes.
The DONALD study as a longitudinal sensor of nutritional developments: iodine and salt intake over more than 30 years in German children
Authors: Remer Thomas , Hua Yifan , Esche Jonas , Thamm Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency was present in large parts of Germany up to the beginning 1990s and improved from then on. Current epidemiological data on spot urine iodine measurements in German children strongly suggest the re-occurrence of an impaired iodine status. We thus examined whether this re-occurrence is identifiable in more detail, through iodine analyses of 24-h urine samples of a well-characterized cohort of German children in whom samples have been systematically collected from 1985 onward. As iodized salt is a major source for iodine supply, urinary sodium excretion was additionally studied.

Methods
Daily iodine and sodium excretions were measured in 2600 24-h urine samples collected between 1985 and 2018 by 677 healthy children aged 6–12 years (participants of the DONALD study). These data were compared with 24-h iodine and sodium excretion estimates obtained from spot urine samples collected in the representative German Health Interview and Examination Surveys for Children and Adolescents KiGGS-baseline (2003–2006) and KiGGS-wave-2 (2014–2017).

Results
Between 1985 and1992, DONALD participants started with a median daily iodine excretion level of 40.1 µg/d. Then, during 1993–2003, iodine excretions mounted up to an approximate plateau (~ 84.8 µg/d). This plateau lasted until 2012. Thereafter, iodine concentrations started to decrease again resulting in a median iodine excretion of only 58.9 µg/d in 2018. Sodium excretion, however, had increased. The marked decrease in iodine status along with an abundant sodium excretion corresponded closely with nationwide KiGGS data.

Conclusions
As exemplified for the clearly worsening iodine status in German children, longitudinal cohort studies collecting detailed biomarker-based prospective data have the potential to reliably capture health-relevant nutritional changes and trends, applicable on a more comprehensive and even representative population level.
Full endoscopic anterior intrapelvic plate osteosynthesis: a cadaveric feasibility study
Authors: Hartel Maximilian J. , Althoff Gerrit , Wolter Stefan , Ondruschka Benjamin , Dietz Eric , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Thiesen Darius M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this investigation, it was assumed that it must be possible to visualize the intrapelvic aspect as accustomed by pelvic surgeons using the anterior intrapelvic (modified Stoppa) approach. Moreover, it was hypothesized, that plate mountings will not only be possible for the symphysis but also at the supra- and infrapectineal aspect as well as to the posterior column. Ten anonymized cadaveric specimens were included in this study. A standard laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) approach was used. A total of 10 landmarks were defined that are usually within reach in the open anterior intrapelvic (AIP) approach. Moreover, five different plate mountings were tested. The locations were chosen in accordance with the indication spectrum suitable for open surgery through the traditional AIP approach. It was possible to gain intrapelvic visibility in seven of ten cases. In all of those seven cases, it was technically possible to place plates to the symphysis, superior pubic ramus, as well as longer anterior column plates up to the aspect posterior of the acetabulum. In the last four of the seven cases, it was possible to mount plates to the infrapectineal aspect as well as the posterior column, too. The team, previously trained in arthroscopic surgical techniques as well as pelvic trauma surgery, observed a steep learning curve. This investigation demonstrated, that endoscopic anterior intrapelvic plate osteosynthesis was feasible in the majority of the cases in a series of ten cadaveric models. New instruments will be needed such as extra-long rasp elevators, ball-spikes as well as devices to hold and position plates and extra-long self-holding screwdrivers. With these, endoscopic pelvic surgery will likely be a realistic option for selected pelvic trauma cases in the future.
The Neurology and Neurosurgery Interest Group (NANSIG)—ten years of cultivating interest in clinical neurosciences
Authors: Park Jay J. , Ooi Setthasorn Zhi Yang , Gillespie Conor S. , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Chowdhury Yasir A. , Solomou Georgios , Gough Melissa , Kanmounye Ulrick Sidney , Yanez Touzet Alvaro , Poon Michael T. C. , Demetriades Andreas K. , Jenkinson Michael D. , Jenkins Alistair ,   Neurology and Neurosurgery Interest Group (NANSIG)
Published: January 2022

AbstractCollaboration and successful teamworking are important components of clinical practise, and these skills should be cultivated early in medical school. The breadth of current medical school curricula means that students often have limited exposure to clinical neurosciences. Since its inception in 2009, the Neurology and Neurosurgery Interest Group (NANSIG) has become a national (UK and Republic of Ireland) example of student and junior doctor synergistic collaboration to deliver educational materials, research, conferences, seminars and workshops, as well as advocating for diversity in this field. Recently, it has expanded to incorporate an international audience and cater for a larger group of young medical professionals. The organisation has overcome numerous challenges and is constantly innovating new approaches to harness the necessary knowledge, skills and network to succeed in a career in neurosciences, neurology and neurosurgery. This article summarises the initiatives undertaken by the group over its first 10 years of existence and its organisational structure, as well as its future plans.
Data-driven model of the local wind field over two small lakes in Jyväskylä, Finland
Authors: Shuku Takayuki , Ropponen Janne , Juntunen Janne , Suito Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study presents a data-driven model of the local wind field over two small lakes in Jyväskylä, Finland. Five temporary monitoring stations installed during the summers of 2015 and 2016 observed wind speed/direction around the two lakes. In addition, an official meteorological station located 15 km north of the lakes is permanently available. Our goal was to develop a model that could evaluate wind speed and direction over the two lakes using only data from the permanent station. Statistical analysis for the spatio-temporal wind data revealed that (1) local wind speed is correlated with the elevation and its cyclic pattern is identical to that of the official-station data, and (2) the local wind direction field is spatially homogeneous and is strongly correlated with the official-station data. Based on these results, we built two regression models for estimating spatial distribution of local wind speed and directions based on the digital elevation model (DEM) and official-station data. We compared the predicted wind speeds/directions by the proposed model with the corresponding observation data and a numerical result for model validation. We found that the proposed model could effectively simulate heterogeneous local wind fields and considers uncertainty of estimates.