bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhinoorbital mucormycosis in COVID-19 pandemic: presentation and course of disease: An observational study
Authors: Sharma Maya , Rajvanshi Seema , Khurana Sunita , Arora Rajkumar 
Published: January 2022

During the second wave of Covid 19[SARS- Co V-] pandemic, there is a sudden increase in number of mucormycosis infection cases in India. The present study is an attempt to understand the presentation, course and outcome of rhinoorbital mucormycosis in a group of patients who reported to Ophtalmology and Otorhinolaryngology department of our Govt. District Hospital (secondary referral centre) for enhancing measures for prevention and management. Patients who reported to our Government district hospital with signs or symptoms suggestive of rhino orbital mucormycosis during May-June 2021 were included in the study with consent of ethical committee, patients and patient’s relatives. Total 17 cases were reported and followed. Clinical examination was done for all the patients. History of the presenting complaints and underlying illness with COVID -19 was elicited. Underlying comorbid status was recorded. Patients were followed as all of them were referred to higher centre for further management as per the guidelines issued by directorate medical and health services, rajasthan, Jaipur.13(76.4%) patients were from rural and 4 (23.5%) were from urban area. 11(64.7%) patients had RT-PCR +ve, 6 had RT-PCR _ve, 2 did not have RT-PCR report. 15(88.7%) patients had high blood sugar at presentation mean being 315.7mg%. 9 (52.9%) developed mucormycosis during their treatment for COVID in hospital. 8(47.05%) presented in OPD. 9 patients had treatment with inhalational Owhile 8 patients did not have treatment with O Death rate was high (70.5%) among our patients. Patients who survived (29.4%) had only initial symptoms and signs at presentation therefore could be managed earlier. None of our patient had vaccination for COVID. Our study was done at secondary referral centre, all the previous studies were done at tertiary referral centres; therefore it shows the course of disease mainly among rural population ; most of them presented very late and had poor outcomes. It shows the need of more awareness about COVID and mucormycosis among people especially in rural areas. High blood sugar either due to treatment with steroids or pre existing is a major risk factor for Rhino orbital mucormycosis. Being RT- PCR negative for COVID 19 does not rule out the associated possible complication of Rhino orbital mucormycosis. Early diagnosis and management remains the key factor for managing Rhino orbital mucormycosis.
Comparison of efficacy of topical alcaftadine (0.25%) versus olopatadine (0.1%) in allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: Kumar L Kiran , Gowda M S  Smitha 
Published: January 2022

The most common atopic ocular condition in clinical practice is allergic conjunctivitis. One of the preferred treatment options for allergic Conjunctivitis is anti histamines eye drops. The study purpose is to compare the clinical efficacy between topical alcaftadine 0.25% and olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% in allergic conjunctivitis patients.A prospective, randomized, open label, parallel group, comparative study was conducted on 60 Patients with bilateral allergic conjunctivitis (30 in each group) after taking an informed written consentand was evaluated from May 2018 to November 2018. Patients were randomized into 2 groups of 30 each, group A received topical Alcaftadine 0.25% twice daily and patients in Group B received topical olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% twice daily for 2 weeks. The patients were evaluated on first visit (baseline) followed by 7 and 14 day after starting the treatment. At each visit signs and symptoms were evaluated and rated using a scale from 0-3(0-Absent, 1- mild, 2 moderate and 3- severe). The change from baseline in the mean scores of itching, hyperemia, photophobia and tearing on day 14 is the primary outcome variable.: The signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis were reduced by 2 weeks from baseline after using both the drugs. Relative significant efficacy was achieved in alcaftadine group for Itching, hyperemia and photophobia, but not for tearing (p=0.3). When compared to 0.1% olopatadine hydrochloride, 0.25% alcaftadine is more effective in reducing the symptoms of all types of allergic conjunctivitis except those mentioned in exclusion criteria.
Comparison of visual acuity measured by ETDRS based smart phone applications I sight pro and Peek acuity versus traditional Snellen\'s chart visual acuity in children 6-14 years in a tertiary care institute in India
Authors: Abhilash B  , Adyanthaya Sinchana 
Published: January 2022

Covid-19 pandemic has led to children missing schools due to which eye care screening activities at schools have taken a backseat. To mitigate this home based visual acuity estimation smartphone applications are increasingly being used for the purpose of tele-ophthalmology purposes, although with no validation of the same. We aim to fulfil this lacunae. Current study was a cross sectional analysis on 286 eyes of 148 children aged between 6years to 14years attending our OPD from April 2021 to June 2021, with non-acute ocular symptomatology. Snellen’s distant visual acuity was compared against the visual acuity recorded by smart phone based Isight pro app and Peek acuity smart phone app. Statistical analysis was performed by Bland Altmann analysis by using SPSS version 21 and p&#60;0.05 was taken as the level of significance. The mean differences between the smartphone-based test Isight pro and the Snellen’s chart and the smartphone-based test Peek acuity and Snellen’s acuity data were 0.06 (95%CI, 0.04–0.08) and 0.07 (95%CI,0.05–0.09) logMAR, respectively. Time taken to test visual acuity by Snellen’s chart was approximately 118.2±21.38 seconds, whereas with Isight pro and Peek acuity smart phone apps the time for testing was approximately 92±15.88 seconds and 94.03±19.73 seconds respectively. P&#60;0.05.The mean visual acuity was comparable with Snellen’s chart and ETDRS based smart phone apps like Isight pro and Peek acuity. The mean time to assess visual acuity was slightly more in Snellen’s acuity than with smart phone based apps. Inability to access eye care services through screening activities in schools has been mitigated effectively by using these smart phone apps. Hence these smart phone apps can be effectively used in tele-ophthalmologic practice and screening activities in these COVID-19 pandemic times.
To determine functional visual improvement after cataract surgery in eyes with age related macular degeneration
Authors: Joshi Deepika , Shristi Sourav 
Published: January 2022

To determine whether patients with Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) benefit from cataract surgery in terms of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and to assess impact of surgery on progression of ARMD.: A prospective study was carried out of patients with and without ARMD undergoing cataract surgery at our department. Patients were divided into two groups- Group A (cases) with ARMD and Group B (controls) without ARMD and other retinal pathology. BCVA of cases was recorded on day 1, day 14, 1 month and 1/month and compared to that of controls.: BCVA significantly improved but markedly less than that experienced by control eyes. No increased incidence in progression to wet form of ARMD. Cataract surgery is safe in ARMD patients with no evidence of increased complications or rates of disease advancement.
Changes in symptoms of dry eyes in health professionals with increased duration of wearing the mask
Authors: Gupta Akansha , Chaurasiya Ritesh Kumar 
Published: January 2022

: In normal population and patient, the significant increase in dry eyes manifestations have been observed. Similarly, aggravated symptoms and complaints of dryness have also been observed in clinical and hospital staff by using a face mask for an extended time period. The purpose of the study was to observe the association between symptoms of dry eyes and the duration of using masks in health professionals.: An unspecified questionnaire was distributed using Google Forms through different social media platforms, asking each respondent to contribute to the survey. Data were collected from December 2021 to January 2021. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Statistical significance was considered if p-value was less than 0.05. A total of 39 responses was included for analysis in the study. There was a positive correlation between the frequency of the symptoms of dryness and the duration of using the mask. Similarly, the severity of the symptoms for dry eyes was strongly correlated with an increase in the frequency of symptoms for dry eyes.The finding reflects that the frequency of the dryness along with the severity will increase with the increase in the duration of wearing a mask. Moreover, it also suggests that cloth mask is the probable predisposing factor for the increase in the dry eye symptoms in this study.
A study to assess the efficacy of topical cyclosporine A 0.05% in the management of dry eye with meibomiam gland dysfunction
Authors: Reddy Prajwalli , Umam Wajeeha 
Published: January 2022

: Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is an abnormality of the meibomian gland that blocks the secretion of lipids. Without sufficient lipid production, tears evaporate quickly causing Dry Eye.MGD is associated with multiple pathological mechanisms including inflammation, microbial factors and lipid deficiencies. Topical Cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% is a calcineurin inhibitor that reduces inflammation by specifically inhibiting T‑cell activity, which reduces ocular surface inflammation and improves tear film dynamics. This was a prospective observational study done on 100 patients at the Department of Ophthalmology Basaveshwar teaching and general hospital, on patients of dry eyes due to meibomian gland dysfunction. Patients who were diagnosed with dry eyes due to meibomian gland dysfunction were invited to take part in the study. Patients were divided randomly into two groups of 50 patients each. This study, was explained in detail to them. An informed consent was obtained. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were listed.All OSDI scores (symptom intensity, frequency and aggravation) revealed decreasing patterns throughout the observation period in both the groups. In single analysis, the cyclosporine A 0.05% group showed a significant improvement for each score at 3 months (p &#60; 0.01, p = 0.01, p = 0.02, respectively). The mean TBUT after treatment in the group A (cyclosporine A group) increased to 12.36± 3.58(p&#60;0.001) seconds, and in the group B (Control group) the TBUT score increased to 11.01±3.06 seconds. After 3 Months, there was statistically significant improvement in the mean Schirmer’s scores in both the treatment groups, however improvement was significantly greater in Cyclosporine A group. Prior to the treatment in group A (Cyclosporine A) mean Lissamine staining score was 2.73±0.15 and post treatment it reduced to 1.32±0.15 which was statistically significant (P&#60;0.001). In group B (Control group) score before treatment was 2.46±0.15 and after treatment it reduced to 2.39±0.27 (p=0.11), not much difference was seen. : Findings from our study showed that there were significant improvements in the dry eye conditions due to defect in meibomian gland by treatment of topical Cyclosporine A 0.05% and sodium hyaluronate 0.1%.
Role of B-scan in management of ocular trauma
Authors: Shrivastava Poorva , Shrivastava Lalit 
Published: January 2022

The present study aimed to study the effectiveness of B scan in assessing the posterior segment in patients with ocular trauma, so that further treatment plan can be decided and prognosis can be improved. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study at tertiary care centre during the study period of 1 year on 42 patients presenting with history of ocular trauma. Patients were subjected to detailed history and ocular examination followed by B scan ultrasonography for ruling out posterior segment pathology. Mean age of 42.7±20.2 years and 45.2% patients belonged to 41 to 60 years of age. About 54.8% cases were females. About 50% cases had one or the other posterior segment finding. Retinal detachment followed by vitreous hemorrhage were the most common findings, observed in 19% and 11.9% cases respectively. Avulsion of optic nerve was the least common finding (2.4%). B scan ultrasonography plays an important role in management of patients with ocular trauma for the detection of hidden posterior segment lesions. B scan must be performed routinely in all the cases of ocular trauma for early diagnosis and appropriate management of each case and to reduce the ocular morbidities.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic eye care among non-ophthalmic speciality doctors at a tertiary institute in India
Authors: Adyanthaya Sinchana , Babu Mahesh 
Published: January 2022

Aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) in eye care of diabetics by non-ophthalmic doctors of different specialization. The was a cross-sectional questionnaire based KAP survey among 108 non-ophthalmic diabetes mellitus treating faculties of various departments at our institute. The level of Knowledge was considered excellent if the overall average score was &#62; 75%, similarly questionnaire focusing on attitude was considered positive if the average score was &#62; 50% and excellent practice constituted an average score &#62; 75%. The findings will be noted in percentages with 95% confidence interval limit. Out of the 108 subjects, 75.57% {95%CI(61%-78%)} of participants had excellent knowledge, while &#62;87.6% {95%CI(73%-88%)} of participants had a positive attitude towards diabetic eye care, whereas there were glaring deficits in diabetic eye care practices accounting to only 45.5%{95%CI(32.8%-51.4%)} which was considered poor. Knowledge and attitude regarding diabetic eye care was excellent, there was glaring deficits in the practice of diabetic eye care by non-ophthalmic treating doctors. The deficit was probably due to busy schedule of some doctors, due to lack of uniform eye care protocols of diabetic patients, and lack of updated timely education of eye care practices among non-ophthalmic medical professionals. Hence based on the findings of our study we aim to train and educate our non-ophthalmic medical faculty regularly for adequate and better management of spectrum of diabetic eye disease.
Visual outcomes in pediatric traumatic cataract
Authors: Hasan Sumaiya , Singh Dheerendra , Jat Neha Singh , Buddhe Vivek Paul 
Published: January 2022

To study epidemiology, biometry and visual outcomes (with or without posterior capsulorhexis) in cases of pediatric traumatic cataract. This was a prospective observational study conducted on 30 children of traumatic cataract belonging to an age group of less than 16 years. All patients were subjected to detailed history and ocular examination. Patients underwent cataract surgery with or without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Posterior capsulorhexis with posterior optic capture was done in all patients presenting with primary posterior capsular opacity. All patients were followed up till 6 months and surgical outcomes in terms of Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), and visual axis opacification (VAO) were observed. Firecracker injury was found to be the most common causal agent, followed by arrow and ball injuries. Males were more commonly injured than females (70%:30%). Open-globe injury was more frequent than closed globe injury (CGI) (53.3%:46.7%). Anterior capsular rupture was the most frequent preoperative complication. Mean axial length was 22.53 which was not significantly different from the fellow eye. 3 patients were left aphakic, 10 patients underwent single piece IOL implantation and 16 patients underwent multipiece IOL implantation. Anterior chamber IOL (ACIOL) was implanted in one case. Intraoperatively 6 patients were found to have posterior capsular plaque and were implanted with multipiece IOL with posterior optic capture. Visual acuity significantly improved in 21 out of 30 eyes from baseline after cataract surgery (p&#60;0.001). 9 patients (30%) had posterior capsular opacification (PCO) on follow up. Posterior capsular opacity in pediatric traumatic cataracts can be effectively managed with posterior capsulorhexis and posterior optic capture.
Accuracy and predictability of novel MS Excel-based surgically induced astigmatism calculator
Authors: Prabhakar S K , Middha Oshin , George Feba Mary , Kothak Uditi Pankaj , Yadav Prashansa 
Published: January 2022

Study of steepening, flattening, clockwise, and counter-clockwise torque effect is indispensable to understand and design surgical induced astigmatism calculator. Hence, in this study by constructing a novel Microsoft Office Excel 2007 based astigmatic calculator following cataract surgery, analysis on the accuracy and predictability evaluated for the performance. Post-cataract surgery patients from May 2019 to January 2020 at a tertiary medical institution recruited for this present study. Based on Pythagoras principle, MS Excel calculator designed and the law of cousins for calculating the vector magnitude and axis respectively. Manual keratometry measurements for pre and postoperative horizontal (Kh) and vertical (Kv) curvatures established, and statistical analysis for the resultant SIA magnitude and axis deduced with Medcalc software comparing with the existing SIA 2.1 version calculator. A total of 29 eyes of 25 patients studied with a mean age of 62.55 (±8.08) years, males contributing to 14 (56%), and right laterally in 17 (58%) eyes. MS Excel and SIA 2.1 versions calculated a mean SIA magnitude of 0.66 (±0.47) D and 0.64 (±0.55) D respectively. Pearson coefficient correlation (r=-0.16, p=0.40), paired-two sample test (t value= 0.11, p= 0.91) and ROC curve analysis (AUC = 0.75, p= 0.34, 95% CI= 0.25 to 0.99) calculated. Regression equation (y = 0.75 + -0.14 x) and limits of agreements (95% CI -0.29 to 0.31) analyzed, and, 95% of data points distributed within ±1.96 SD of the line of equality on Bland-Altman difference plots.The present calculator proclaimed an acceptable accuracy and agreement with a prediction of 0.61 Diopter for every unit change in the magnitude of SIA 2.1 software in addition to consideration of interchangeability.
To study visual and neurological outcome after treatment according to ONTT protocol
Authors: Chaurasia I D , Chaurasia Yogita 
Published: January 2022

To evaluate the visual and neurological outcomes of Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT). 40 Patients presenting with optic neuritis were enrolled in this study to analyze the Visual and Neurological outcomes after treatment according to ONTT Protocol, with emphasis on signs of anaemia, protein calorie malnutrition, vitamin deficiency, generalized lymphadenopathy, sinusitis, septic foci. Patients were followed up for three subsequent visits to assess the rate of visual recovery.Maximum patient 35(87.5) treated according to ONTT protocol while 5 (12.5%) treated with oral steroids alone. Maximum 33 eyes (70.2%) attain BCVA &#62; 6/36 after 1st follow-up (with in 1 month) while 10(21.3%) eyes attain BCVA of 6/6 after 1st follow-up. 11 eyes (25.6%) attain BCVA 6/6 after II follow-up. General prognosis for recovery of vision was good and was slightly worse in more severely affected cases in the present series. Pallor of the optic disc and defect of vision did not always correspond–3 eyes which showed temporal of the disc at the end of follow up had a final vision of 6/9 or better in each eye.
Challenges facing students in writing theses at the Jordanian universities
Authors: Mohammad El-Freihat Sara 
Published: January 2022

The study examined the challenges facing students in the process of writing theses and identify differences in these challenges in light of gender, qualifications, mental status, career status, type of university. A survey descriptive design was employed as a questionnaire was a administrated to a random sample consisting of (438) master degree students. To achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire was used. The study showed that the level of challenges students face when writing thesis was moderate, and statistically significant differences in the level of challenges students face when writing thesis in light of gender, in favor of females; specialization, in favor of science; marital status, in favor of married; career status; in favor of employed, while there were no statistically significant differences in light of type of university. The main conclusions of the study is that material challenges were the most prevalent in the Jordanian universities. In light of the results, some recommendations were suggested
Keywords: Challenges, Writing Thesis, Jordanian Universities, University Students, Jordan.
The effectiveness of mDPBL as a multimedia-based learning approach.
Authors: Winarno Sri , Andono Pulung Nurtantio , Muthu Kalaiarasi Sonai , Ling Lew Sook 
Published: January 2022

This study is aimed to investigate students’ perceptions towards the mDPBL approach as a multimedia-based learning approach. mDPBL approach is a combination of two different teaching approaches (i.e. DIA and PBL) with multimedia. Two departments were selected in this study (i.e. Informatics Engineering and Information System). The survey was divided into two phases, pre-survey and post-survey. 276 students participated in this study. The quasi-experiment method was used with two different ways teaching strategies (i.e. traditional and mDPBL approach). The study revealed that the majority of students have a positive impact on positive learning outcomes in the mDPBL approach. A significant increase in students' perceptions of the effectiveness of the mDPBL approach is proven by an increase in the average score of students' perceptions and perceived effectiveness of 2.67 points or 8.71%, respectively.
Keyword- Multimedia, Traditional approach, mDPBL approach
Virtual teaching: Teachers' perspectives on online virtual classroom effectiveness during and beyond Covid-19
Authors: Al-Subaie Abdullah bin Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

The purpose was to investigate the Arabic language teachers' perspectives on online VC effectiveness during and beyond COVID-19. Participants were 340 teachers. This study employed cross-sectional descriptive method, with the main focus on Arabic Language teachers' perspectives on online VC effectiveness during and beyond COVID-19. Findings from descriptive analysis of the teachers’ responses on the importance of using virtual classrooms in distance education program shoed that the rank agree comes first, where teachers responded with agree in 17 items, 2 with strongly agree and only one item for disagree. Using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), findings showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the responses of the study sample towards the use of virtual classrooms by gender, while academic qualification and years of experience contributed significantly, where those with higher qualification, and who are experts had positive perspectives on online VCs effectiveness during and beyond COVID-19.
KEYWORDS. Virtual Teaching, Online Virtual Classroom, Covid-19