bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of teleparallel Horndeski cosmology via Noether symmetries
Authors: Dialektopoulos Konstantinos F. , Said Jackson Levi , Oikonomopoulou Zinovia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTeleparallel Horndeski theory offers an avenue through which to circumvent the speed constraint of gravitational waves in an efficient manner. However, this provides an even larger plethora of models due to the increase in action terms. In this work we explore these models in the context of cosmological systems. Using Noether point symmetries, we classify the dynamical systems that emerge from teleparallel Horndeski cosmologies. This approach is very effective at selecting specific models in the general class of second-order teleparallel scalar–tensor theories, as well as for deriving exact solutions within a cosmological context. By iterating through the Lagrangians selected through the Noether symmetries, we solve for a number of cosmological systems which provides new cosmological systems to be studied.
A Study of Failure Recovery and Logging of High-Performance Parallel File Systems
Authors: Han Runzhou , Gatla Om Rameshwar , Zheng Mai , Cao Jinrui , Zhang Di , Dai Dong , Chen Yong , Cook Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

Large-scale parallel file systems (PFSs) play an essential role in high-performance computing (HPC). However, despite their importance, their reliability is much less studied or understood compared with that of local storage systems or cloud storage systems. Recent failure incidents at real HPC centers have exposed the latent defects in PFS clusters as well as the urgent need for a systematic analysis.

To address the challenge, we perform a study of the failure recovery and logging mechanisms of PFSs in this article. First, to trigger the failure recovery and logging operations of the target PFS, we introduce a black-box fault injection tool called
PFault
, which is transparent to PFSs and easy to deploy in practice.
PFault
emulates the failure state of individual storage nodes in the PFS based on a set of pre-defined fault models and enables examining the PFS behavior under fault systematically.

Next, we apply
PFault
to study two widely used PFSs: Lustre and BeeGFS. Our analysis reveals the unique failure recovery and logging patterns of the target PFSs and identifies multiple cases where the PFSs are imperfect in terms of failure handling. For example, Lustre includes a recovery component called LFSCK to detect and fix PFS-level inconsistencies, but we find that LFSCK itself may hang or trigger kernel panics when scanning a corrupted Lustre. Even after the recovery attempt of LFSCK, the subsequent workloads applied to Lustre may still behave abnormally (e.g., hang or report I/O errors). Similar issues have also been observed in BeeGFS and its recovery component BeeGFS-FSCK. We analyze the root causes of the abnormal symptoms observed in depth, which has led to a new patch set to be merged into the coming Lustre release. In addition, we characterize the extensive logs generated in the experiments in detail and identify the unique patterns and limitations of PFSs in terms of failure logging. We hope this study and the resulting tool and dataset can facilitate follow-up research in the communities and help improve PFSs for reliable high-performance computing.
Blow-Up Analysis for a Reaction-Diffusion Model with Nonlocal and Gradient Terms
Authors: Shen Xuhui , Lan Lun 
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we investigate the blow-up phenomena for the following reaction-diffusion model with nonlocal and gradient terms:

u

t

=
Δ
u
+
a

u

p

∫

Ω

u

α

d
x

m

−

∇
u

q

in
Ω
×

0
,

t

∗

∂
u

/

∂
ν

=
h

u

on
∂
Ω

×

0
,

t

∗

u

x
,
0

=

u

0

x

≥
0

in

Ω
¯

. Here

Ω
⊂

ℝ

N

N
≥
3

is a bounded and convex domain with smooth boundary, and constants

m
,
p
,
q
,
α

are supposed to be positive. Utilizing the Sobolev inequality and the differential inequality technique, lower bound for blow-up time is derived when blow-up occurs. In addition, we give an example as application to illustrate the abstract results obtained in this paper.
Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor Receptor Type α Activation Drives Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Via Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Induces Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Solinc Julien , Raimbault‐Machado Jessica , Dierick France , El Bernoussi Lamiaa , Tu Ly , Thuillet Raphaël , Mougenot Nathalie , Hoareau‐Coudert Bénédicte , Monceau Virginie , Pavoine Catherine , Atassi Fabrice , Sassoon David , Marazzi Giovanna , Harvey Richard P. , Schofield Peter , Christ Daniel , Humbert Marc , Guignabert Christophe , Soubrier Florent , Nadaud Sophie 
Published: March 2022

Background

Platelet‐derived growth factor is a major regulator of the vascular remodeling associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. We previously showed that protein widely 1 (PW1
+
) vascular progenitor cells participate in early vessel neomuscularization during experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) and we addressed the role of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor type α (PDGFRα) pathway in progenitor cell‐dependent vascular remodeling and in PH development.

Methods and Results

Remodeled pulmonary arteries from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension showed an increased number of perivascular and vascular PW1
+
cells expressing PDGFRα. PW1
nLacZ
reporter mice were used to follow the fate of pulmonary PW1
+
progenitor cells in a model of chronic hypoxia–induced PH development. Under chronic hypoxia, PDGFRα inhibition prevented the increase in PW1
+
progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cells and reduced pulmonary vessel neomuscularization, but did not prevent an increased right ventricular systolic pressure or the development of right ventricular hypertrophy. Conversely, constitutive PDGFRα activation led to neomuscularization via PW1
+
progenitor cell differentiation into new smooth muscle cells and to PH development in male mice without fibrosis. In vitro, PW1
+
progenitor cell proliferation, but not differentiation, was dependent on PDGFRα activity.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate a major role of PDGFRα signaling in progenitor cell–dependent lung vessel neomuscularization and vascular remodeling contributing to PH development, including in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. Our findings suggest that PDGFRα blockers may offer a therapeutic add‐on strategy to combine with current pulmonary arterial hypertension treatments to reduce vascular remodeling. Furthermore, our study highlights constitutive PDGFRα activation as a novel experimental PH model.
Prognostic Impact of Chronic Vasodilator Therapy in Patients With Vasospastic Angina
Authors: Lim Yongwhan , Kim Min Chul , Ahn Youngkeun , Cho Kyung Hoon , Sim Doo Sun , Hong Young Joon , Kim Ju Han , Jeong Myung Ho , Baek Sang Hong , Her Sung‐Ho , Lee Kwan Yong , Han Seung Hwan , Rha Seung‐Woon , Choi Dong‐Ju , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , Kwon Hyuck Moon , Yang Tae‐Hyun , Park Keun‐Ho , Jo Sang‐Ho 
Published: March 2022

Background
Chronic vasodilator therapy with long‐acting nitrate is frequently used to treat vasospastic angina. However, the clinical benefits of this approach are controversial. We investigated the prognostic impact of vasodilator therapy in patients with vasospastic angina from the multicenter, prospective VA‐KOREA (Vasospastic Angina in KOREA) registry.

Methods and Results
We analyzed data from 1895 patients with positive intracoronary ergonovine provocation test results. The patients were divided into 4 groups: no vasodilator (n=359), nonnitrate vasodilator (n=1187), conventional nitrate (n=209), and a combination of conventional nitrate and other vasodilators (n=140). The primary end point was a composite of cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, and new‐onset arrhythmia at 2 years. Secondary end points were the individual components of the primary end point, all‐cause death, and rehospitalization due to recurrent angina.

The groups did not differ in terms of the risk of the primary end point. However, the acute coronary syndrome risk was significantly higher in the conventional nitrate (hazard ratio [HR], 2.49; 95% CI, 1.01–6.14;
P
=0.047) and combination groups (HR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.15–9.75,
P
=0.027) compared with the no‐vasodilator group, as assessed using the inverse probability of treatment weights. Subgroup analyses revealed prominent adverse effects of nitrate in patients with an intermediate positive ergonovine provocation test result and in those with low Japanese Coronary Spasm Association scores.

Conclusions
Long‐acting nitrate‐based chronic vasodilator therapy was associated with an increased 2‐year risk of acute coronary syndrome in patients with vasospastic angina, especially in low‐risk patients.
Which Is the More Effective Driver of the Poleward Eddy Heat Flux Variability: Zonal Gradient of Tropical Convective Heating or Equator-to-Pole Temperature Gradient?
Authors: Park Mingyu , Lee Sukyoung 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Future projections of the poleward eddy heat flux by the atmosphere are often regarded as being uncertain because of the competing effect between surface and upper-tropospheric meridional temperature gradients. Previous idealized modeling studies showed that eddy heat flux response is more sensitive to the variability of lower-tropospheric temperature gradient. However, observational evidence is lacking. In this study, observational data analyses are performed to examine the relationships between eddy heat fluxes and temperature gradients during boreal winter by constructing daily indices. On the intraseasonal time scale, the surface temperature gradient is found to be more effective at regulating the synoptic-scale eddy heat flux (SF) than is the upper-tropospheric temperature gradient. Enhancements in surface temperature gradient, however, are subject to an inactive planetary-scale eddy heat flux (PF). The PF in turn is dependent on the zonal gradient in tropical convective heating. Consistent with these interactions, over the past 40 winters, the zonal gradient in tropical heating and PF have been trending upward, while the surface temperature gradient and SF have been trending downward. These results indicate that for a better understanding of eddy heat fluxes, attention should be given to zonal convective heating gradients in the tropics as much as to meridional temperature gradients.
Quasi-Biennial Variability of Indian Ocean Subtropical Mode Water Subduction Driven by Atmospheric Circulation Modes during the Argo Period
Authors: Jiang Jindong , Shi Jiuxin , Huang Fei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Argo data were used to investigate interannual variability in the subduction rate of the Indian Ocean Subtropical Mode Water (IOSTMW). The IOSTMW subduction rate in the southwestern part of the southern Indian Ocean subtropical circulation varies substantially from year to year without significant trend during the Argo period 2005–19. The variability of the IOSTMW subduction rate is quasi-biennial and dominated by the lateral induction term associated with the wintertime mixed layer depth (MLD). The contribution of vertical pumping to the change of subduction rate is relatively small. This variability in the subduction rate directly contributes to IOSTMW volume with a quasi-biennial variation. The quasi-biennial variations in the IOSTMW subduction and volume reflect the variability of the overlying atmosphere. The wintertime Mascarene high (MH) modulates the winter MLD in the subduction area through changes in heat fluxes and wind forcing. The quasi-biennial variability in MH is associated with the southern annular mode, but it was disturbed during two El Niño events in 2009 and 2015/16. Variability of the wintertime MH plays a key role in driving the quasi-biennial variability of the IOSTMW subduction during the Argo period.
Evaluation and Management of Tinnitus: Are There Opportunities for Improvement?
Authors: Grundfast Kenneth M. , Jamil Taylor L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo review current information about diagnosis and management of tinnitus aiming to identify opportunities for achieving a cost‐effective, efficient, evidence‐based approach that meets the needs of tinnitus sufferers.Data SourcesPubMed/MEDLINE.Review MethodsIn total, 249 relevant published reports were reviewed. Pertinent keywords and MeSH terms identified reports via PubMed and EMBASE. Acknowledged experts were consulted on ways to improve tinnitus management.ConclusionsThere may be opportunities to improve evaluation and management of patients with tinnitus using modern modes of communication and a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach.Implications for PracticeTinnitus can adversely affect quality of life while being time‐consuming and costly to evaluate and manage. Based on both personal experience and the reports of others, patients with tinnitus who choose to see a physician primarily want to know two things: (1) that the tinnitus that is so distressing will not remain at the same level of severity forever and (2) that something can be done to help cope with the tinnitus that is so annoying. Recent advancements in internet communications, social media, information technology, artificial intelligence, machine learning, holistic medical care, mind‐body integrative health care, and multidisciplinary approaches in medical therapeutics may be possibly making new ways of meeting the needs of patients with tinnitus.
Factors affecting minimal manifestation status induction in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Li Yi , Yang Shumei , Dong Xiaohua , Li Zhibin , Peng Yuyao , Jin Wanlin , Chen Di , Zhou Ran , Jiang Fei , Yan Chengkai , Yang Huan 
Published: March 2022

Background: Minimal manifestation status (MMS) is an important landmark in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG), and predictors of MMS induction have rarely been identified in previous studies. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical factors associated with MMS induction among patients with MG. Design: This two-step retrospective cohort study with a single center investigated the factors that may be associated with MMS induction and retested these predictors in a test cohort. Methods: A total of 388 diagnosed MG patients who visited Xiangya Hospital between 1 July 2015 and 1 July 2019 were involved. We performed detailed chart reviews and recorded all cases achieving MMS. Demographics and clinical characteristics were also collected and their relationships to achieving MMS were investigated. Results: MMS was achieved in 124 patients (50.2%), and the median time to achieve MMS was 26 months. Several factors were found to be associated with MMS induction in exploring cohort, including muscle-specific tyrosine-protein kinase receptor (MuSK) antibody positivity (adjusted hazard ratio, HR = 4.333, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.862–10.082), isolated ocular involvement (adjusted HR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.284–2.961), and low baseline quantitative myasthenia gravis score (QMG score; adjusted HR = 2.022, 95% CI: 1.086–3.764). These factors were then retested in the test cohort. Isolated ocular involvement or low baseline QMG scores were factors found to be beneficial for MMS induction were confirmed. Conclusion: Isolated ocular involvement and low baseline QMG score are predictors of MMS induction in MG patients.
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Hybrid Arch Bar with Erich Arch Bar in the Management of Mandibular Fractures: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sankar Hariram , Rai Sachin , Jolly Satnam S. , Rattan Vidya 
Published: March 2022

Study Design A clinical randomized control trial. Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of Hybrid arch bar (HAB) with Erich arch bar (EAB) in fracture management of the mandible. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 44 patients were divided into 2 groups:- Group 1, N = 23 (EAB group) and Group 2, N = 21 (HAB group). The primary outcome was time taken for the application of arch bar, while the inner and outer glove puncture, operator prick, oral hygiene, arch bar stability, complications of HAB, and cost comparison were secondary outcomes. Results The time taken for the application of arch bar in group 2 was significantly shorter than group 1 (55.66 ± 17.869 min vs 82.04 ± 12.197 min) and the frequency of outer glove puncture was also significantly lesser for group 2 (0 punctures vs 9 punctures). Better oral hygiene was found in group 2. EAB was cost-effective than HAB (Rs 700 ± 239.79 vs Rs 1742.50 ± 257.14). The stability of the arch bar was comparable in both groups. Group 2 had associated complications of root injury in 2 out of 252 screws placed and the screw head got covered by soft tissue in 137 out of 252 screws placed. Conclusions Thus, HAB was better than EAB with a shorter time of application, less risk of prick injury, and improved oral hygiene. Clinical trial registry name- clinical trials registry- India, URL- http://ctri.nic.in , registration number- CTRI/2020/06/025966.
Safety and Efficacy of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Uncinate Process Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yin Mengchen , Ding Xing , Zhu Yuefeng , Lin Rui , Sun Yueli , Xiao Yu , Wang Tao , Yan Yinjie , Ma Junming , Mo Wen 
Published: March 2022

Study design This is a meta-analysis and systematic review of the available literature. Objective In the case of severe foraminal stenosis, conducting uncinate process resection (UPR) during ACDF could achieve complete nerve root decompression and significant relief of neurological symptoms for CR. However, there is some controversy regarding its necessity and safety. This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of ACDF with UPR and ACDF. Methods The following electronic databases were searched: Medline, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Evidence Based Medicine Reviews, VIP, and CNKI. And the following data items were considered: baseline demographics, efficacy evaluation indicators, radiographic outcome, and surgical details. Results 10 studies were finally identified, including 746 patients who underwent ACDF with UPR compared to 729 patients who underwent ACDF. The group of ACDF with UPR had statistically longer intraoperative time (95% CI: 4.83, 19.77, P = .001) and more intraoperative blood loss (95% CI: 12.23, 17.76, P < .001). ACDF with UPR obtained a significantly better improvement of Arm VAS at postoperative first follow-up (95% CI: −1.85, −.14 P = .02). There was no significant difference found in improvement of Neck VAS at postoperative latest follow-up (95% CI: −.88, .27, P = .30), improvement of Arm VAS at postoperative latest follow-up (95% CI: −.59, −.01, P = .05), improvement of NDI (95% CI: −2.34, .33, P = .14), JOA (95% CI: −.24, .43, P = .56), change of C2-C7 lordosis (95% CI: −.87, 1.33, P = .68), C2-C7 SVA (95% CI: −.73, 5.08, P = .14), T1 slope (95% CI: −2.25, 1.51, P = .70), and fusion rate (95% CI: .83, 1.90 P = .29). Conclusion ACDF with UPR is an effective and necessary surgical method for CR patients with severe foraminal stenosis.
Innovation in Resident Selection: Life Without Step 1
Authors: Patel Hares , Yakkanti Ram , Bellam Krishna , Agyeman Kofi , Aiyer Amiethab 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION The announcement of Step 1 shifting to a Pass/Fail metric has prompted resident selection committees (RSCs) to pursue objective methods of evaluating prospective residents. Regardless of the program's specialty or affiliated hospital/school, RSCs universally aim to recognize and choose applicants who are an “optimal fit” to their programs.1 An optimal fit can be defined as a candidate who thrives in the clinical and academic setting, both contributing to and benefiting from their respective training environments. OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to evaluate alternative, innovative methods by which RSCs can evaluate applicants and predict success during residency. Objective methods include: Step 2 scores, Traditionally Used Metrics (core clerkship scores), interview performance, musical talent, sports involvement, AOA membership, research publications, unprofessional behavior, Dean's letters, Rank list, judgement testing, and specialty-specific shelf exams.13–15 METHODS A scoping review was performed in compliance with the guidelines indicated by the PRISMA Protocol for scoping review.18 9308 results were identified in the original PubMed search for articles with the key words “Resident Success”. Abstract screening and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded 97 articles that were critically appraised via review of full manuscript. RESULTS Of the articles that focused on personality traits, situational judgement testing, and specialty specific pre-assessment, all of them demonstrated some level of predictability for resident success. Standardized Letter of Recommendations, Traditionally Used Metrics, and STEP 2 did not show a unanimous consensus in demonstrating predictability of a resident's success, this is because some articles suggested predictability and some articles disputed predictability. CONCLUSION The authors found personality traits, situational judgement testing, and specialty specific assessments to be predictive in selecting successful residents. Further research should aim to analyze exactly how RSCs utilize these assessment tools to aid in screening their large and competitive applicant pools to find residents that will be successful in their program.
Monitoring the safety of influenza A/H1N1 pandemic and seasonal vaccines in Morocco
Authors: Tebaa Amina , Benkirane Raja , Alj Loubna , Cherkaoui Imad , Soulaymani-Bencheikh Rachida 
Published: March 2022

Background: A vaccination campaign against pandemic influenza A/H1N1 was implemented in Morocco between November 2009 and April 2010. Overall, 705,883 subjects were vaccinated by Pandemrix, Arepanrix, and Panenza. The adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) data comparison was made with the 2014/2015 seasonal influenza vaccination campaign that was specifically investigated. Aim: To evaluate the safety of the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine and to compare it to that of 2014 seasonal influenza vaccine. Methods: During the pandemic vaccination campaign, the Morocco Pharmacovigilance Centre reinforced passive AEFI surveillance with an active and prospective monitoring programme of 1000 immunized people over 6 months at 10 randomly selected vaccination centres. For the 2014/2015 seasonal vaccination campaign, AEFI data were collected from spontaneous notifications. Results: Active monitoring of 2009 pandemic collected 771 AEFI reports, corresponding to an AEFI incidence rate of 77.1% with vaccination by either Pandemrix or Arepanrix vaccine in 95% of cases. Reported AEFI were most frequently local (37.7%), general (29.5%), and neurological reactions (20.3%). Most of the AEFI (95.5%) were observed during the first 48 hours after vaccination, and the remainder within 2 weeks. None of the reported AEFI were serious case. The highest rate of notification was documented for health professionals, followed by patients with diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases. Concerning passive surveillance, the AEFI notification rate was significantly higher for the 2009/2010 pandemic vaccine (3.1 vs 1.2 per 10,000). However, there was no significant difference between pandemic and seasonal vaccination with regards to the serious adverse events (SAE) notification rate (0.3 vs 0.2 per 10,000). Conclusion: Data analysis indicates that the vaccines used against 2009 pandemic influenza in Morocco have a satisfactory safety profile, similar to the seasonal influenza vaccine with the exception of local reactions as observed previously in other countries.