bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar viciae strains are natural wheat endophytes that can stimulate root development
Authors: Bartoli Claudia , Boivin Stéphane , Marchetti Marta , Gris Carine , Gasciolli Virginie , Gaston Mégane , Auriac Marie‐Christine , Debellé Frédéric , Cottret Ludovic , Carlier Aurélien , Masson‐Boivin Catherine , Lepetit Marc , Lefebvre Benoit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough rhizobia that establish a nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis with legumes are also known to promote growth in non‐legumes, studies on rhizobial associations with wheat roots are scarce. We searched for Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar viciae (Rlv) strains naturally competent to endophytically colonize wheat roots. We isolated 20 strains from surface‐sterilized wheat roots and found a low diversity of Rlv compared to that observed in the Rlv species complex. We tested the ability of a subset of these Rlv for wheat root colonization when co‐inoculated with other Rlv. Only a few strains, including those isolated from wheat roots, and one strain isolated from pea nodules, were efficient in colonizing roots in co‐inoculation conditions, while all the strains tested in single strain inoculation conditions were found to colonize the surface and interior of roots. Furthermore, Rlv strains isolated from wheat roots were able to stimulate root development and early arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization. These responses were strain and host genotype dependent. Our results suggest that wheat can be an alternative host for Rlv; nevertheless, there is a strong competition between Rlv strains for wheat root colonization. In addition, we showed that Rlv are endophytic wheat root bacteria with potential ability to modify wheat development.
The added value of digital imaging to reflex cytology for triage of high‐risk human papillomavirus positive self‐sampled material in cervical cancer screening: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wiersma Danique , Vinke Anne , Siebers Albert G. , Melchers Willem J. G. , Bekkers Ruud L. M. , Loopik Diede L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveCytology performed directly on hrHPV‐positive self‐samples (reflex cytology) is feasible and for women with abnormal cytology, an additional cytology test at the general practitioner could be omitted. The aim of this study is to assess the added value of digital imaging (ThinPrep® Imaging System) on the clinical utility of reflex cytology by reducing screening error.DesignA secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.SettingOne of five Dutch screening laboratories.PopulationWomen tested hrHPV‐positive on self‐samples between December 2018 and August 2019.MethodsSelf‐samples were used for reflex cytology with and without digital imaging. The follow‐up data (cytological and histological results within 1 year of follow‐up) were obtained through the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA).Main outcome measuresTest performance of the reflex cytology was determined by comparing it with physician‐collected follow‐up results.ResultsThe sensitivity for detecting abnormal cells by reflex cytology on self‐samples increased significantly from 26.3% (42/160; 95% confidence interval [CI] 19.6–33.8) without digital imaging to 35.4% (56/158; 95% CI 28–43.4) with digital imaging (P < 0.05) without compromising specificity. Importantly, 41.7% of women with ≥CIN2 (35/84) and 45.6% with ≥CIN3 (26/57) were detected by reflex cytology with digital imaging on hrHPV‐positive self‐samples.ConclusionDigital imaging is of added value to reflex cytology on hrHPV‐positive self‐samples with a 9% increase in sensitivity. If reflex cytology on self‐samples analysed with digital imaging had been implemented in the screening programme, 35.4% of the hrHPV‐positive women with abnormal cytology on additional physician‐collected samples could have been referred directly for colposcopy.
Who benefits the most? Risk pooling in mortgage loan insurance: Evidence from the Canadian mortgage market
Authors: Basiri Kiana , Mahmoudi Babak , Zhou Chenggang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article evaluates the effect of mortgage loan insurance (MLI), an essential macroprudential tool available to policy makers, on housing affordability, household leverage, and the overall welfare of the economy. A dynamic model of the housing market with heterogeneous households and competitive housing and mortgage markets is constructed and is calibrated to Canadian data. We find that relaxing the mandatory nature of MLI required for mortgages with a loan‐to‐value ratio of 80% or more, in favor of a counterfactual system where MLI reflects credit risks, dampens demand for housing to purchase and puts downward pressure on house prices. Some of the households with low income and low asset holdings can no longer afford a house; therefore, the aggregate homeownership rate drops. In contrast, demand for rental units increases and rents go up.
Procedural justice, legal orientations, and gang membership: Testing an alternative explanation to understand the gang–misconduct link
Authors: Tostlebe Jennifer J. , Pyrooz David C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA top priority of prison authorities is maintaining a safe and orderly institutional environment. Gangs are believed to impede this objective, warranting bespoke policies and practices. Drawing on the process‐based model of regulation, we depart from orthodox explanations for the gang–misconduct link and argue that gang affiliates are treated less fairly than nongang affiliates owing to suppression‐oriented administrative policies and harsher day‐to‐day interactions with officers, which, in turn, impact compliance. We use administrative and survey data sources based on a sample of 802 male prisoners and generalized structural equation modeling to examine whether procedural justice and legal orientations mediate the association between official classification of gang affiliation and self‐reported misconduct. Our findings reveal partial support for the process‐based model: procedural justice and legitimacy are poorer among gang than among nongang respondents but do not mediate the gang–misconduct link. The traditional pathway between procedural justice, legitimacy, and obligation to obey was observed, none of which were related to misconduct, standing in sharp contrast to the expectations of the process‐based model. These findings suggest that factors other than procedural justice and legal orientations may be more relevant for rule violations among gangs, specifically, and within correctional environments, generally.
Identifying group‐specific primers for environmental Heterolobosa by high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Delafont Vincent , Mercier Anne , Barrouilhet Stéphanie , Mollichella Marie‐Laure , Herbelin Pascaline , Héchard Yann 
Published: August 2022

SummaryDiversity of Heterolobosea (Excavata) in environments is poorly understood despite their ecological occurrence and health‐associated risk, partly because this group tends to be under‐covered by most universal eukaryotic primers used for sequencing. To overcome the limits of the traditional morpho‐taxonomy‐based biomonitoring, we constructed a primer database listing existing and newly designed specific primer pairs that have been evaluated for Heterolobosea 18S rRNA sequencing. In silico taxonomy performance against the current SILVA SSU database allowed the selection of primer pairs that were next evaluated on reference culture amoebal strains. Two primer pairs were retained for monitoring the diversity of Heterolobosea in freshwater environments, using high‐throughput sequencing. Results showed that one of the newly designed primer pairs allowed species‐level identification of most heterolobosean sequences. Such primer pair could enable informative, cultivation‐free assays for characterizing heterolobosean populations in various environments.
A histone H3K9 methyltransferase Dim5 mediates repression of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Jialong , Li Xiaotong , Lyu Xinxing , Liu Zhizhen , Zhao Hong , Jiao Xiangying , Zhang Weixin , Xie Jun , Liu Weifeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSorbicillinoids (also termed yellow pigment) are derived from either marine or terrestrial fungi, exhibit various biological activities and therefore show potential as commercial products for human or animal health. The cellulolytic filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is capable to biosynthesize sorbicillinoids, but the underlying regulatory mechanism is not yet completely clear. Herein, we identified a histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase, Dim5, in T. reesei. TrDIM5 deletion caused an impaired vegetative growth as well as conidiation, whereas the ∆Trdim5 strain displayed a remarkable increase in sorbicillinoid production. Post TrDIM5 deletion, the transcription of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis‐related (SOR) genes was significantly upregulated with a more open chromatin structure. Intriguingly, hardly any expression changes occurred amongst those genes located on both flanks of the SOR gene cluster. In addition, the assays provided evidence that H3K9 triple methylation (H3K9me3) modification acted as a repressive marker at the SOR gene cluster and thus directly mediated the repression of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis. Transcription factor Ypr1 activated the SOR gene cluster by antagonizing TrDim5‐mediated repression and therefore contributed to forming a relatively more open local chromatin environment, which further facilitated its binding and SOR gene expression. The results of this study will contribute to understanding the intricate regulatory network in sorbicillinoid biosynthesis and facilitate the endowment of T. reesei with preferred features for sorbicillinoid production by genetic engineering.
Estimating the abundance of a group‐living species using multi‐latent spatial models
Authors: Torney Colin J. , Laxton Megan , Lloyd‐Jones David J. , Kohi Edward M. , Frederick Howard L. , Moyer David C. , Mrisha Chediel , Mwita Machoke , Hopcraft J. Grant C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStatistical models use observations of animals to make inferences about the abundance and distribution of species. However, the spatial distribution of animals is a complex function of many factors, including landscape and environmental features, and intra‐ and interspecific interactions. Modelling approaches often have to make significant simplifying assumptions about these factors, which can result in poor model performance and inaccurate predictions.Here, we explore the implications of complex spatial structure for modelling the abundance of the Serengeti wildebeest, a gregarious migratory species. The social behaviour of wildebeest leads to a highly aggregated distribution, and we examine the consequences of omitting this spatial complexity when modelling species abundance. To account for this distribution, we introduce a multi‐latent framework that uses two random fields to capture the clustered distribution of wildebeest.Our results show that simplifying assumptions that are often made in spatial models can dramatically impair performance. However, by allowing for mixtures of spatial models accurate predictions can be made. Furthermore, there can be a non‐monotonic relationship between model complexity and model performance; complex, flexible models that rely on unfounded assumptions can potentially make highly inaccurate predictions, whereas simpler more traditional approaches involve fewer assumptions and are less sensitive to these issues.We demonstrate how to develop flexible spatial models that can accommodate the complex processes driving animal distributions. Our findings highlight the importance of robust model checking protocols, and we illustrate how realistic assumptions can be incorporated into models using random fields.
Gonadal hormones and sex chromosome complement differentially contribute to ethanol intake, preference, and relapse‐like behaviour in four core genotypes mice
Authors: Sneddon Elizabeth A. , Rasizer Lindsay N. , Cavalco Natalie G. , Jaymes Asa H. , Ostlie Noah J. , Minshall Brianna L. , Masters Brianna M. , Hughes Michael R. , Hrncir Haley , Arnold Arthur P. , Radke Anna K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlcohol use and high‐risk alcohol drinking behaviours among women are rapidly rising. In rodent models, females typically consume more ethanol (EtOH) than males. Here, we used the four core genotypes (FCG) mouse model to investigate the influence of gonadal hormones and sex chromosome complement on EtOH drinking behaviours. FCG mice were given access to escalating concentrations of EtOH in a two‐bottle, 24‐h continuous access drinking paradigm to assess consumption and preference. Relapse‐like behaviour was measured by assessing escalated intake following repeated cycles of deprivation and re‐exposure. Twenty‐four‐hour EtOH consumption was greater in mice with ovaries (Sry−), relative to those with testes, and in mice with the XX chromosome complement, relative to those with XY sex chromosomes. EtOH preference was higher in XX versus XY mice. For both consumption and preference, the influences of the Sry gene and sex chromosomes were concentration dependent. Escalated intake following repeated cycles of deprivation and re‐exposure emerged only in XX mice (vs. XY). Mice with ovaries (Sry− FCG mice and C57BL/6J females) were also found to consume more water than mice with testes. These results demonstrate that aspects of EtOH drinking behaviour may be independently regulated by sex hormones and chromosomes and inform our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms which contribute to EtOH dependence in male and female mice. Future investigation of the contribution of sex chromosomes to EtOH drinking behaviours is warranted. We used the FCG mouse model to investigate the influence of gonadal hormones and sex chromosome complement on EtOH drinking behaviours, including the alcohol deprivation effect. Escalated intake following repeated cycles of deprivation and re‐exposure emerged only in XX mice (vs. XY). These results demonstrate that aspects of EtOH drinking behaviour may be independently regulated by sex hormones and chromosomes.
A randomised controlled trial in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery comparing interscalene block with either 10 ml or 20 ml levobupivacaine 0.25%
Authors: Oliver‐Fornies P. , Gomez Gomez R. , Ortega Lahuerta J. P. , Carbonel Bueno I. , Gonzalo Pellicer I. , Ripalda Marin J. , Orellana Melgar C. E. , Fajardo Perez M. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe interscalene brachial plexus block is recommended for analgesia after shoulder surgery but it may cause hemidiaphragmatic dysfunction. We tested whether ipsilateral hemidiaphragmatic contraction was better after a smaller dose of local anaesthetic without impairing analgesic effect. We randomly allocated 48 adults to 10 ml or 20 ml levobupivacaine 0.25% before arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The primary outcome was hemidiaphragmatic paralysis, defined as inspiratory thickness < 1.2 times expiratory thickness, measured by ultrasound 4 h after block. Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis was recorded for 6/24 vs. 23/24 supine participants after 10 ml vs. 20 ml levobupivacaine 0.25%, respectively, and for 4/24 vs. 23/24 sitting participants, respectively, p < 0.001 for both. Pain scores after 10 ml injectate were not worse than after 20 ml injectate. Median (IQR [range]) morphine doses in the first 24 postoperative hours after 10 ml and 20 ml levobupivacaine 0.25% were 2 (0–6 [0–23]) mg vs. 1 (0–2 [0–11]) mg, respectively, p = 0.12. No participant had a complication after 10 ml interscalene levobupivacaine, whereas seven had complications after 20 ml levobupivacaine, p = 0.009. Hemidiaphragmatic function was better after 10 ml vs. 20 ml interscalene levobupivacaine 0.25% without impairing analgesia for 24 postoperative hours.
Surgical considerations in cystic fibrosis: what every general surgeon needs to know
Authors: Chetwood John D. , Volovets Anastasia , Sivam Sheila , Koh Cherry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex multiorgan disease, which often affects the gastrointestinal tract. With improved CF specific therapies and multidisciplinary management, patients with CF are now living longer with a median life expectancy of around 50 years. This increased life expectancy has resulted in corresponding increase in presentations of the CF patient with comorbid surgical conditions that were never important considerations. Investigations and management of these conditions, such as distal intestinal obstruction syndrome and colorectal cancer warrant good clinical understanding of the unique challenges that CF patients present including chronic immunosuppression, impaired respiratory function and their multi‐organ dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to provide general surgeons with a contemporary update on the CF related surgical issues as they are likely to become increasingly involved in the care of these complex patients and form an integral part of the multidisciplinary team.
Unobserved heterogeneity in the productivity distribution and gains from trade
Authors: Dewitte Ruben , Dumont Michel , Rayp Glenn , Willemé Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFinding a good parametric approximation to the productivity distribution is a problem of general interest. This paper argues that heterogeneity in productivity is best captured by finite mixture models (FMMs). FMMs build on the existence of unobserved subpopulations in the data. As such, they are generally consistent with models of firm dynamics differing between groups of firms and allow for a very flexible distribution fit. Relative to commonly used parametric alternatives, we find that FMMs are the only distributions able to provide a sufficiently good fit to the data. A gains from trade exercise with Portuguese data reveals that only FMMs approximate the “true” gains reasonably well.
Self‐assessment and peer‐assessment of the psychomotor skills in preclinical prosthodontics: A prospective study
Authors: Ellakany Passent , El Tantawi Maha , Al‐Eraky Doaa M. , Aly Nourhan M. , Al‐Eraky Mohamed M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionStudents' self‐assessment and peer assessments are essential to understand the rubrics criteria and improve their psychomotor skills. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of self‐assessment score (SAS), peer‐assessment score (PAS) and teacher assessment score (TAS) on the final scores of the psychomotor skills of dental students in a preclinical fixed prosthodontics course.Materials and MethodsA prospective study included D2 students in a preclinical fixed prosthodontics course for two consecutive academic years from September 2017 to May 2019. Students' performance of various procedures over 14 sessions was assessed by SAS, PAS and TAS. Repeated‐measures ANOVA was used to assess differences between the three scores and control charts showed their change over time. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between two outcome variables: TAS and the total preclinical score and the explanatory variables: SAS, PAS, TAS, gender and GPA. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsSAS had a significantly higher mean (80.21) than TAS (79.32) and PAS (78.58). SAS reached higher levels earlier than TAS and PAS. PAS had a stronger association with TAS than SAS (partial eta squared, η2 = 0.17 and 0.13), whereas SAS significantly predicted total preclinical score (p < .0001).ConclusionsPAS helped develop the skills of dental students during training, while SAS had an impact on their total preclinical score. Different student‐centred activities are needed to support students' preclinical training in fixed prosthodontics courses.
Impact of development and recent‐onset epilepsy on language dominance
Authors: Marcelle Madeline , You Xiaozhen , Fanto Eleanor J. , Sepeta Leigh N. , Gaillard William Davis , Berl Madison M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveReorganization of the language network from typically left‐lateralized frontotemporal regions to bilaterally distributed or right‐lateralized networks occurs in anywhere from 25%–30% of patients with focal epilepsy. In patients who have been recently diagnosed with epilepsy, an important question remains as to whether it is the presence of seizures or the underlying epilepsy etiology that leads to atypical language representations. This question becomes even more interesting in pediatric samples, where the typical developmental processes of the language network may confer more variability and plasticity in the language network. We assessed a carefully selected cohort of children with recent‐onset epilepsy to examine whether it is the effects of seizures or their underlying cause that leads to atypical language lateralization.MethodsWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare language laterality in children with recently diagnosed focal unaware epilepsy and age‐matched controls. Age at epilepsy onset (age 4 to 6 years vs age 7 to 12 years) was also examined to determine if age at onset influenced laterality.ResultsThe majority of recent‐onset patients and controls exhibited left‐lateralized language. There was a significant interaction such that the relationship between epilepsy duration and laterality differed by age at onset. In children with onset after age 6, a longer duration of epilepsy was associated with less left‐lateralized language dominance. In contrast, in children with onset between 4 and 6 years of age, a longer duration of epilepsy was not associated with less left language dominance.SignificanceOur results demonstrate that although language remained largely left‐lateralized in children recently diagnosed with epilepsy, the impact of seizure duration depended on age at onset, indicating that the timing of developmental and disease factors are important in determining language dominance.
Crack initiation and growth simulations of functionally graded dental implant subjected to cyclic axial loads
Authors: Mohammadi Anari Ali , Selahi Ehsan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo essential characteristics in designing dental implants are having high fracture resistance and being compatible with jawbone. One of the best implant choices to achieve this aim is titanium‐hydroxyapatite functionally graded (FG) material. Also, fracture of implants under cyclic loads is one of the most common causes of destruction of dental implants. However, the crack initiation location and growth path as well as the optimum material distribution for the FG implants are questions that have not been answered yet. The aim of this study was introducing a new and powerful numerical approach to predict the crack initiation behavior and progressive damage in the FG dental implants, subjected to cyclic axial loadings. The approach is developed by employing extended finite element method (XFEM) in ABAQUS software, Visual Studio, and FORTRAN Compiler. Also, the Python code was modified for crack growth modeling in fatigue fracture analysis based on Paris law. The result showed that the micro‐cracks below the outer surface of FG implant are created, due to the application of cyclic load, which is invisible. This research shows that FG implants with power factor less than 1 show much more resistance to crack growth under pre‐tightening and cyclic loadings.