bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased anteroventral striatal dopamine transporter and motor recovery after subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Nozaki Takao , Sugiyama Kenji , Asakawa Tetsuya , Namba Hiroki , Yokokura Masamichi , Terada Tatsuhiro , Bunai Tomoyasu , Ouchi Yasuomi 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson’s disease is effective; however, its mechanism is unclear. To investigate the degree of neuronal terminal survival after STN-DBS, the authors examined the striatal dopamine transporter levels before and after treatment in association with clinical improvement using PET with [11C]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane ([11C]CFT).

METHODS
Ten patients with Parkinson’s disease who had undergone bilateral STN-DBS were scanned twice with [11C]CFT PET just before and 1 year after surgery. Correlation analysis was conducted between [11C]CFT binding and off-period Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.

RESULTS
[11C]CFT uptake reduced significantly in the posterodorsal putamen contralateral to the parkinsonism-dominant side after 1 year; however, an increase was noted in the contralateral anteroventral putamen and ipsilateral ventral caudate postoperatively (p < 0.05). The percentage increase in [11C]CFT binding was inversely correlated with the preoperative binding level in the bilateral anteroventral putamen, ipsilateral ventral caudate, contralateral anterodorsal putamen, contralateral posteroventral putamen, and contralateral nucleus accumbens. The percentage reduction in UPDRS-II score was significantly correlated with the percentage increase in [11C]CFT binding in the ipsilateral anteroventral putamen (p < 0.05). The percentage reduction in UPDRS-III score was significantly correlated with the percentage increase in [11C]CFT binding in the ipsilateral anteroventral putamen, ventral caudate, and nucleus accumbens (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
STN-DBS increases dopamine transporter levels in the anteroventral striatum, which is correlated with the motor recovery and possibly suggests the neuromodulatory effect of STN-DBS on dopaminergic terminals in Parkinson’s disease patients. A preoperative level of anterior striatal dopamine transporter may predict reserve capacity of STN-DBS on motor recovery.
No difference in reoperation rates for nonunions (operative nonunions) in posterior cervical fusions stopping at C7 versus T1/2: a cohort of 875 patients
Authors: Guppy Kern H. , Royse Kathryn E. , Fennessy Jacob H. , Norheim Elizabeth P. , Harris Jessica E. , Brara Harsimran S. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
The challenges of posterior cervical fusions (PCFs) at the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) are widely known, including the development of adjacent-segment disease by stopping fusions at C7. One solution has been to cross the CTJ (T1/T2) rather than stopping at C7. This approach may have undue consequences, including increased reoperations for symptomatic nonunion (operative nonunion). The authors sought to investigate if there is a difference in operative nonunion in PCFs that stop at C7 versus T1/T2.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis identified patients from the authors’ spine registry (Kaiser Permanente) who underwent PCFs with caudal fusion levels at C7 and T1/T2. Demographics, diagnoses, operative times, lengths of stay, and reoperations were extracted from the registry. Operative nonunion was adjudicated via chart review. Patients were followed until validated operative nonunion, membership termination, death, or end of study (March 31, 2020). Descriptive statistics and 2-year crude incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals for operative nonunion for PCFs stopping at C7 or T1/T2 were reported. Time-dependent crude and adjusted multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate operative nonunion rates.

RESULTS
The authors identified 875 patients with PCFs (beginning at C3, C4, C5, or C6) stopping at either C7 (n = 470) or T1/T2 (n = 405) with a mean follow-up time of 4.6 ± 3.3 years and a mean time to operative nonunion of 0.9 ± 0.6 years. There were 17 operative nonunions, and, after adjustment for age at surgery and smoking status, the cumulative incidence rates were similar between constructs stopping at C7 and those that extended to T1/T2 (C7: 1.91% [95% CI 0.88%–3.60%]; T1/T2: 1.98% [95% CI 0.86%–3.85%]). In the crude model and model adjusted for age at surgery and smoking status, no difference in risk for constructs extended to T1/T2 compared to those stopping at C7 was found (adjusted HR 1.09 [95% CI 0.42–2.84], p = 0.86).

CONCLUSIONS
In one of the largest cohort of patients with PCFs stopping at C7 or T1/T2 with an average follow-up of > 4 years, the authors found no statistically significant difference in reoperation rates for symptomatic nonunion (operative nonunion). This finding shows that there is no added risk of operative nonunion by extending PCFs to T1/T2 or stopping at C7.
Microvascular anatomy of the medial temporal region
Authors: Xu Yuanzhi , Mohyeldin Ahmed , Nunez Maximiliano Alberto , Doniz-Gonzalez Ayoze , Vigo Vera , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
The authors investigated the microvascular anatomy of the hippocampus and its implications for medial temporal tumor surgery. They aimed to reveal the anatomical variability of the arterial supply and venous drainage of the hippocampus, emphasizing its clinical implications for the removal of associated tumors.

METHODS
Forty-seven silicon-injected cerebral hemispheres were examined using microscopy. The origin, course, irrigation territory, spatial relationships, and anastomosis of the hippocampal arteries and veins were investigated. Illustrative cases of hippocampectomy for medial temporal tumor surgery are also provided.

RESULTS
The hippocampal arteries can be divided into 3 segments, the anterior (AHA), middle (MHA), and posterior (PHA) hippocampal artery complexes, which correspond to irrigation of the hippocampal head, body, and tail, respectively. The uncal hippocampal and anterior hippocampal-parahippocampal arteries contribute to the AHA complex, the posterior hippocampal-parahippocampal arteries serve as the MHA complex, and the PHA and splenial artery compose the PHA complex. Rich anastomoses between hippocampal arteries were observed, and in 11 (23%) hemispheres, anastomoses between each segment formed a complete vascular arcade at the hippocampal sulcus. Three veins were involved in hippocampal drainage—the anterior hippocampal, anterior longitudinal hippocampal, and posterior longitudinal hippocampal veins—which drain the hippocampal head, body, and tail, respectively, into the basal and internal cerebral veins.

CONCLUSIONS
An understanding of the vascular variability and network of the hippocampus is essential for medial temporal tumor surgery via anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy and transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy. Stereotactic procedures in this region should also consider the anatomy of the vascular arcade at the hippocampal sulcus.
Survival and outcomes in patients with ≥ 25 cumulative brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Benjamin Carolina Gesteira , Gurewitz Jason , Kavi Ami , Bernstein Kenneth , Silverman Joshua , Mureb Monica , Donahue Bernadine , Kondziolka Douglas 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
In the era in which more patients with greater numbers of brain metastases (BMs) are being treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone, it is critical to understand how patient, tumor, and treatment factors affect functional status and overall survival (OS). The authors examined the survival outcomes and dosimetry to critical structures in patients treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for ≥ 25 metastases in a single session or cumulatively over the course of their disease.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted at a single institution. The institution’s prospective Gamma Knife (GK) SRS registry was queried to identify patients treated with GKRS for ≥ 25 cumulative BMs between June 2013 and April 2020. Ninety-five patients were identified, and their data were used for analysis. Treatment plans for dosimetric analysis were available for 89 patients. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were identified, and outcomes and OS were evaluated.

RESULTS
The authors identified 1132 patients with BMs in their institutional registry. Ninety-five patients were treated for ≥ 25 cumulative metastases, resulting in a total of 3596 tumors treated during 373 separate treatment sessions. The median number of SRS sessions per patient was 3 (range 1–12 SRS sessions), with nearly all patients (n = 93, 98%) having > 1 session. On univariate analysis, factors affecting OS in a statistically significant manner included histology, tumor volume, tumor number, diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA), brain metastasis velocity (BMV), and need for subsequent whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT). The median of the mean WB dose was 4.07 Gy (range 1.39–10.15 Gy). In the top quartile for both the highest cumulative number and highest cumulative volume of treated metastases, the median of the mean WB dose was 6.14 Gy (range 4.02–10.15 Gy). Seventy-nine patients (83%) had all treated tumors controlled at last follow-up, reflecting the high and durable control rate. Corticosteroids for tumor- or treatment-related effects were prescribed in just over one-quarter of the patients. Of the patients with radiographically proven adverse radiation effects (AREs; 15%), 4 were symptomatic. Four patients required subsequent craniotomy for hemorrhage, progression, or AREs.

CONCLUSIONS
In selected patients with a large number of cumulative BMs, multiple courses of SRS are feasible and safe. Together with new systemic therapies, the study results demonstrate that the achieved survival rates compare favorably to those of larger contemporary cohorts, while avoiding WBRT in the majority of patients. Therefore, along with the findings of other series, this study supports SRS as a standard practice in selected patients with larger numbers of BMs.
Assessment of L5–S1 anterior lumbar interbody fusion stability in the setting of lengthening posterior instrumentation constructs: a cadaveric biomechanical study
Authors: McGrath Kyle A. , Schmidt Eric S. , Loss Jeremy G. , Gillespie Callan M. , Colbrunn Robb W. , Butler Robert S. , Steinmetz Michael P. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Excessive stress and motion at the L5–S1 level can lead to degenerative changes, especially in patients with posterior instrumentation suprajacent to L5. Attention has turned to utilization of L5–S1 anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) to stabilize the lumbosacral junction. However, questions remain regarding the effectiveness of stand-alone ALIF in the setting of prior posterior instrumented fusions terminating at L5. The purpose of this study was to assess the biomechanical stability of an L5–S1 ALIF with increasing lengths of posterior thoracolumbar constructs.

METHODS
Seven human cadaveric spines (T9–sacrum) were instrumented with pedicle screws from T10 to L5 and mounted to a 6 degrees-of-freedom robot. Posterior fusion construct lengths (T10–L5, T12–L5, L2–5, and L4–5) were instrumented to each specimen, and torque-fusion level relationships were determined for each construct in flexion-extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending. A stand-alone L5–S1 ALIF was then instrumented, and L5–S1 motion was measured as increasing pure moments (2 to 12 Nm) were applied. Motion reduction was calculated by comparing L5–S1 motion across the ALIF and non-ALIF states.

RESULTS
The average motion at L5–S1 in axial rotation, flexion-extension, and lateral bending was assessed for each fusion construct with and without ALIF. After adding ALIF to a posterior fusion, L5–S1 motion was significantly reduced relative to the non-ALIF state in all but one fused surgical condition (p < 0.05). Longer fusions with ALIF produced larger L5–S1 motions, and in some cases resulted in motions higher than native state motion.

CONCLUSIONS
Posterior fusion constructs up to L4–5 could be appropriately stabilized by a stand-alone L5–S1 ALIF when using a nominal threshold of 80% reduction in native motion as a potential positive indicator of fusion. The results of this study allow conclusions to be drawn from a biomechanical standpoint; however, the clinical implications of these data are not well defined. These findings, when taken in appropriate clinical context, can be used to better guide clinicians seeking to treat L5–S1 pathology in patients with prior posterior thoracolumbar constructs.
KADAR FOSFAT DALAM AIR SUNGAI CIKANIKI
Authors: Rosilla Raymona , Azizah Mia , Setiawati Desy 
Published: January 2022

Phosphate Content in Cikaniki RiverThe Cikaniki River is one of the tributaries of Cisadane, which crosses the provinces of West Java and Banten. This river has a very high function and value for human life and water ecosystem. Phosphates formed naturally in formed of rock and undergo a weathering process, rocks gradually break down into phosphate ions dissolved in water. Phosphates in orthophosphates are produced by nature and are found in waste, whereas polyphosphates are often used in detergents, but in water the form of poly will turn into an ortho form. The analysis to find out the phosphate content in Cikaniki River. Phosphate analysis of river water refers to SNI 06-6989.31-2005, using the uv-vis spectrophotometric method in ascorbic acid. The results showed that the phosphate content in Cikaniki River still fulfilled the Standard Quality of PP no. 82 of 2001, is <0.2 mg / L except in Kampung Babakan Liud area. Phosphate contamination in river water can be derived from natural processes as well as from the addition of contamination due to human activities in the form of agriculture, industry, and household activities and the presence of excessive phosphate can lead to explosive growth of algae in the waters.Keywords: River, Phosphate, ascorbic acid, wasteABSTRAKSungai Cikaniki adalah salah satu anak sungai Cisadane, yang melintasi Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Banten. Sungai ini memiliki fungsi dan nilai yang sangat tinggi bagi kehidupan manusia dan ekosistem air. Fosfat terjadi secara alami dalam bentuk batuan dan mengalami proses pelapukan, batuan secara bertahap mengurai menjadi ion fosfat yang larut dalam air. Fosfat dalam bentuk ortofosfat diproduksi oleh alam dan ditemukan di limbah, sedangkan polifosfat sering digunakan dalam detergen, tetapi di dalam air bentuk poli akan berubah menjadi bentuk orto. analisis untuk mengetahui kandungan fosfat di Sungai Cikaniki. Analisis fosfat pada air sungai mengacu kepada SNI 06-6989.31-2005, menggunakan metode spektrofotometri uv-vis secara asam askorbat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar Fosfat di Sungai Cikaniki masih memenuhi Baku Mutu PP No. 82 Tahun 2001, yaitu < 0,2 mg/L kecuali pada daerah Kampung Babakan Liud. Pencemaran Fosfat di air sungai dapat berasal dari proses alamiah maupun berasal dari penambahan cemaran akibat aktifitas manusia yang berupa pertanian, perindustrian, maupun kegiatan rumah tangga dan keberadaan fosfat yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya ledakan pertumbuhan alga di perairan.Kata Kunci: Sungai, Fosfat, asam askorbat, limbah
ALTERNATIF METODE ANALISIS PENETAPAN KADAR ASAM MEFENAMAT DALAM PONSAMIC 500 mg TABLET SALUT SELAPUT
Authors: Syahruni Syahruni , Arrisujaya Dian 
Published: January 2022

Alternative of analytical methods of assay mefenamic acid in posamic 500 mg film coated tabletThe level of active substance is a requirement that must be met to ensure the quality of medicinal preparations, to carry out the assay of the active drug substance required a method that has been validated. The validity of alternative methods of assay in ponsamic mefenamic acid 500 mg film coated tablet (trade name) has been performed. Mefanat acid assay method using UV spectrophotometry, so that the limited availability of tools that can be resolved HPLC. The validity of alternative methods tested by the parameters of accuracy with standard addition method and parameters accuracy. Based on the results obtained by the value of the linearity was r equal to 0,999 and the percentage difference spectrophotometric method with HPLC method (% difference) at 0,16%. The results showed an alternative method of assay in ponsamic mefenamic acid 500 mg film coated tablet (trade name) using spectrophotometric methods, qualified acceptance in accordance with ISO / IEC 17025.Keywords: Mefenamic acid, validation method, UV spectrophotometryABSTRAK Pemeriksaan kadar zat aktif merupakan persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi untuk menjamin kualitas sediaan obat, untuk melakukan penetapan kadar zat aktif obat dibutuhkan suatu metode yang telah divalidasi. Validitas metode alternatif penetapan kadar asam mefenamat dalam ponsamic 500 mg tablet salut selaput (nama dagang) telah dilakukan. Metode penentuan kadar asam mefanat menggunakan spektrofotometri UV, sehingga ketersediaan alat HPLC yang terbatas dapat teratasi. Validitas metode alternatif diuji berdasarkan parameter akurasi dengan metode penambahan baku dan parameter ketelitian. Berdasarkan hasil diperoleh nilai linearitas adalah r sebesar 0,999 dan persentase perbedaan metode spektrofotometri dengan metode HPLC (% Difference) sebesar 0,16%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode alternatif penetapan kadar asam mefenamat dalam ponsamic 500 mg tablet salut selaput (nama dagang) menggunakan metode spektrofotometri, memenuhi syarat untuk diterima sesuai ISO/IEC 17025.Kata kunci : Asam mefenamat, Validasi metode, Spektrofotometri UV
PERBANDINGAN LAJU KOROSI PADA MATERIAL STEEL PLATE COLD COIL (SPCC) YANG DILAPISI CAT DENGAN RESIN YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Yulliyanti Winda , Susanty Devy , Wahyono Wahyono 
Published: January 2022

Comparison of Corrosion Rate on Steel Plate Cold Coil (Spcc) Material Coated With Different ResinIron corrosion is the most prominent problem because iron is widely used as a material, for example Steel Plate Cold Coil (SPCC) material or rolled steel plate that undergoes cooling process. SPCC materials are generally used for the manufacture of automobile engines, motor equipment, building construction, battery boxes, industrial machinery, and so on. The corrosion rate was determined by the salt blowing method. This method aims to calculate the corrosion rate of the material acting on an environment containing a salt solution such as NaCl. Corrosion rate testing was done on three types of paint (paint A, paint B, and C paint). Based on analysis and observation results, Coated Steel Plate Cold Coil material B coated has the smallest corrosion rate value because B paint has epoxy resin in the presence of aromatic aromatic compound ether, aromatic hydrocarbon and aliphatic alcohol.Keywords: Iron, Steel Plate Cold Coil (SPCC), corrosion, paint ABSTRAK Korosi pada besi merupakan masalah yang paling menonjol karena besi banyak digunakan secara luas sebagai material, contohnya material Steel Plate Cold Coil (SPCC) atau gulungan plat baja yang mengalami proses pendinginan. Material SPCC umumnya digunakan untuk pembuatan mesin mobil, peralatan motor, konstruksi bangunan, kotak baterai, mesin-mesin industri, dan sebagainya. Laju korosi ditentukan dengan metode sembur garam. Metode ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kecepatan korosi dari material yang bekerja pada lingkungan yang mengandung larutan garam seperti NaCl. Pengujian laju korosi dilakukan terhadap tiga jenis cat (cat A, cat B, dan cat C). Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pengamatan, material Steel Plate Cold Coil yang dilapisi cat B memiliki nilai laju korosi terkecil karena cat B mempunyai resin epoxy dengan adanya senyawa aromatik eter, aromatik hidrokarbon dan alifatik alkohol.Kata Kunci: Besi, Steel Plate Cold Coil (SPCC), korosi, cat
PEMISAHAN ASAM AMINO DARI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN KROMATOGRAFI PENUKAR ION
Authors: Sari Indah Rahmi , Oksari Ade Ayu , Kresnawaty Irma 
Published: January 2022

Separation of Amino acid from Liquid waste of Oil palm Factory with Ion Exchange Chromatography Research on Separation of Amino Acid Liquid Waste mills with Ion Exchange Chromatography was carried out from October to November 2015. The results of hydrolysis of 6 N HCl results showed that the highest absorbance reading was obtained at a concentration of eluent of 0,2 and 0,6 M NaCl, while the results of the protease enzyme hydrolysis the highest absorbance reading at NaCl eluent 0,2 and 1 M. There was no significant difference in the results of separation by ion exchange chromatography, showed that the concentration of NaCl eluent is not very influential, so for subsequent analysis used only one concentration of the eluent. Results of linear regression obtained was equal to 0,9946, these results indicate that the series standard amino acid lysine has a value that is linear as it approaches 1. The amino acid levels obtained on the sample results LCPKS hydrolysis with 6 N HCl which was about 0 to 8.82 ppm and samples of the protease enzyme hydrolysis of about 0 to 4.31 ppm. Amino acid levels obtained were still far from the expected.Keywords: Amino Acid, Oil Palm, Liquid Waste, Ion Exchange Chromatography ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai Pemisahan Asam Amino dari Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit dengan Kromatografi Penukar Ion telah dilaksanakan dari bulan Oktober sampai November 2015. Hasil hidrolisis HCl 6 N menunjukkan bahwa pembacaan absorbansi tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi eluen NaCl 0,2 dan 0,6 M, sedangkan hasil hidrolisis enzim protease pembacaan absorbansi tertinggi pada eluen NaCl 0,2 dan 1 M. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada hasil pemisahan dengan kromatografi penukar ion ini, menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi eluen NaCl tidak terlalu berpengaruh, sehingga untuk analisis selanjutnya digunakan hanya satu konsentrasi eluen. Hasil regresi linear yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 0,9946, hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa deret standar asam amino lisin mempunyai nilai yang linear karena mendekati 1. Kadar asam amino yang diperoleh pada sampel hasil hidrolisis LCPKS dengan HCl 6N yaitu sekitar 0 – 8,82 ppm dan sampel hasil hidrolisis enzim protease sekitar 0 – 4,31 ppm. Kadar asam amino yang diperoleh masih jauh dari yang diharapkan.Kata Kunci: Asam Amino, Minyak Kelapa Sawit, Limbah Cair, Kromatografi Penukar Ion