bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ejecta Formation, Early Collisional Processes, and Dynamical Evolution after the DART Impact on Dimorphos
Authors: Ferrari Fabio , Raducan Sabina D. , Soldini Stefania , Jutzi Martin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
NASA’s DART spacecraft is planned to reach and impact asteroid Dimorphos, the small moon of binary asteroid (65803) Didymos, at a velocity of 6 km s−1 in late 2022 September. DART will be the first mission to test the “kinetic impactor” technique, aimed at deflecting the orbital path of a potentially hazardous asteroid. The success and effectiveness of this technique resides in the efficiency of momentum exchange between the spacecraft and the impacted target. This depends on many factors, including the cratering process, the formation of ejecta, and their fate, as they remain in the system or escape from it, carrying momentum away. Here we provide an overview of the cratering process, including ejecta formation and their subsequent dynamical evolution. We use different methodologies to model the physics of the problem, including smoothed particle hydrodynamics to model the cratering and ejecta formation process after the hypervelocity impact, N-body granular simulations to model early collisional processes between ejecta fragments right after cratering, and high-fidelity planetary propagation to model the dynamical evolution of ejecta during their purely ballistic phase. We highlight the key features of each phase and their role in defining the dynamical fate of ejecta. We investigate the effect of surface cohesion in the impacted target and identify the qualitative behavior of ejecta particles as a function of the key parameters of the problem. We provide quantitative estimates for the specific case study related to the DART–Dimorphos scenario and a selected range of target properties.
In vitro antifungal activity of Morinda citrifolia (noni) extract against Candida albicans
Authors: Miguel Camila Botelho , Oliveira Renato Ventresqui , Rodrigues Wellington Francisco , Tavares Gustavo , Joinhas Sandro Calderano , Gomes da Cruz Maria Auxiliadora , Rezende Célia Fabrício de Souza , Alvarenga Andréa Maria Pasquini , Mateus Weder da Silva , Silveira Marcia Laina , Bucek Elizabeth Uber , Bovi Weslley Guimarães , De Oliveira Carlo José Freire , Da Costa Thiago Alvares , Lazo-Chica Javier Emilio , Paulino Tony de Paiva 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Candida albicans is the main agent of the most common fungal infection, Candidiasis. It is an opportunistic and dangerous pathogen, especially in immunosuppressed patients. The biological properties of Morinda citrifolia (noni) make it a potent antifungal. In this study, antifungal effect of M. citrifolia was evaluated to verify its effect on human cells.
Methodology: Extract of M. citrifolia was used against strains of C. albicans (cEC 1291). Glucose consumption in C. albicans biofilm was determined at different concentrations of M. citrifolia, and germ tube formation was evaluated in the presence and absence of M. citrifolia. Fungicidal activity was determined by the kinetics of fungal cell death. THP-1 and HeLa cells were used for cell viability and apoptosis, and cell proliferation assays, respectively.
Results: Cells treated with M. citrifolia maintained higher concentration of glucose than the control group (p < 0.05). Germ tube formation was inhibited in cells treated with M. citrifolia (p < 0.05). M. citrifolia exerted a cytotoxic effect on C. albicans cells with 99.99% lethality after 6.82 h (1:1 and 1:2), and reduced the viability of THP-1 cells by 25% and 67% after 12 and 36 h, respectively. Annexin V expression in THP-1 increased in groups that received higher concentrations of M. citrifolia (p < 0.05), reducing the proliferation of THP-1 and HeLa cells (2.8-fold). A greater cytotoxic effect was observed in fungal cells.
Conclusions: These results indicate that M. citrifolia exerts biological activity against C. albicans and reduces the viability and proliferation of human cells.
Relationship between emotional expressions and lifestyle changes among university students during COVID-19 lockdown in Lebanon
Authors: Ibrahim José-Noel , Fares Chirine , Bader Robert 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Emotional expressivity plays an important role in terms of communication and interpersonal relationships in the context of society. Our research aims at assessing the perception of emotional expressivity and its association with lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown among university students in Lebanon.
Methodology: A total of 742 participants completed an anonymous online questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and emotional expression evaluated through the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ). Participants also reported their perception of the relationship between emotional expressivity and lifestyle changes experienced during lockdown.
Results: The expression of positive emotions was decreased among students who have a weight loss from decreased eating during lockdown. Moreover, significantly lower negative emotions and increased positive emotions were found to be associated respectively with the increase in quality and quantity of distance learning, which emphasizes the psychological investment in education. In terms of extensive time spent on TV and social media, results point towards increased emotional expressivity, particularly positive emotions and impulse facets. Finally, changes in social interaction during this period impacted all facets of emotional expressivity.
Conclusions: In the context of lockdown due to the pandemic, emotional aspects were associated by university students with lifestyle changes. Our research highlights the beneficial role of social networking, distance learning, physical activity, and well-balanced nutrition on emotional regulation in this particularly stressful situation, thus the importance of a global approach to emotional expressivity including the social aspects and biological ones.
Expanded range of eight orchid bee species (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) in Costa Rica
Authors: McDonald Elise , Podesta Jacob , Fortuin Christine , Gandhi Kamal 
Published: July 2022

The Monteverde region of Costa Rica is a hotspot of endemism and biodiversity. The region is, however, disturbed by human activities such as agriculture and urbanisation. This study provides a list of orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Euglossini) compiled from field surveys conducted during January-October 2019 in the premontane wet forest of San Luis, Monteverde, Costa Rica. We collected 36 species of Euglossine bees across four genera. We provide new geographic distribution and elevation data for eight species in two genera. Due to their critical role in the pollination of orchids and other plants, the distribution and abundance of Euglossine bees has relevance to plant biodiversity and conservation efforts. This is especially important in a region with a high diversity of difficult-to-study epiphytic orchids, such as in the Monteverde region.A total of 2,742 Euglossine male individuals across four genera (Eufriesea,Eulaema,EuglossaandExaerete) were collected in this study. Updated geographic distributions and elevation ranges were established for eight species of Euglossini in two genera:Eufriesea mussitans(Fabricius, 1787),Eufriesea rufocauda(Kimsey, 1977),Euglossa dodsoni(Moure, 1965),Euglossa dressleri(Moure, 1968),Euglossa hansoni(Moure, 1965),Euglossa ignita(Smith, 1874),Euglossa tridentata(Moure, 1970) andEuglossa turbinifex(Dressler, 1978). These are the first recorded occurrences of these species in the Monteverde region of Costa Rica, according to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database (https://doi.org/10.15468/9f9kgp). This study also established expanded elevation ranges forEuglossa allosticta,Euglossa bursigera,Euglossa mixta,Euglossa heterostictaandEuglossa maculabris, though these five species have been previously recorded in the Monteverde region and, thus, are not described in detail here. Additionally, our capture of 123Eufriesea concavaindividuals is significant, as it indicates its abundance in this region. Prior to this study, there was a single record ofE. concavain the Monteverde region, documented in 1993.
Affective Knowledge-enhanced Emotion Detection in Arabic Language: A Comparative Study
Authors: Serrano-Guerrero Jesus , Alshouha Bashar , Romero Francisco P. , Olivas Jose A. 
Published: July 2022

Online opinions/reviews contain a lot of sentiments and emotions that can be very useful, especially, for Internet suppliers which can know whether their services/products are meeting their customers&rsquo; expectations or not. To detect these sentiments and emotions, most applications resort to lexicon-based approaches. The major issue here is that most well-known emotion lexicons have been developed for English language; nevertheless, in other languages such as Arabic, there are fewer available tools, and many times, the quality of them is poor.
The goal of this study is to compare the performance of two different types of algorithms, shallow machine learning-based and deep learning-based, when dealing with emotion detection in Arabic language. To improve the performance of the algorithms, two lexicons, which were originally developed in other languages and translated into Arabic language, have been used to add emotional features to different information models used to represent opinions. All approaches have been tested using the dataset SemEval 2018 Task 1: Affect in Tweets and the dataset LAMA+DINA. The semantic approaches outperform the classical algorithms, that is, the information provided by the lexicons clearly improves the results of the algorithms. Particularly, the BiLSTM algorithm outperforms the rest of the algorithms using word2vec. On the contrary to other languages, the best results were obtained using the NRC lexicon.
Jesús y María entre el islam y el cristianismo en las inscripciones árabes de la Casa del Conde de Toledo
Authors: Marquer Julie 
Published: July 2022

En este artículo nos proponemos destacar la originalidad de las inscripciones árabes que adornan el arco de la llamada Casa del Conde de Toledo, fechadas en el siglo XV. La principal inscripción del arco es una oración a Santa María escrita en aljamiado, lengua romance con grafía árabe muy elaborada, y las secundarias, más legibles, repiten ora en aljamiado, ora en árabe los nombres de Jesús y de Santa María. Además, en el segmento en árabe, Jesús está nombrado en su versión musulmana, ʿĪsā, y se insiste en su filiación con María como una reminiscencia de uno de los principales desacuerdos entre islam y cristianismo en torno a la figura de Jesús.
A partir de una lectura paralela a la de Rodrigo Amador de los Ríos, proponemos un análisis epigráfico y lingüístico, antes de estudiar el contenido y el sentido de los textos. Analizando el contexto, la relación entre artesano y comitente, y comparando con otras inscripciones mudéjares que plantean problemáticas similares, acabamos por considerar estas inscripciones como un reflejo de la voluntad por parte de los comitentes cristianos de sintetizar varias tradiciones religiosas y culturales. No pensamos sin embargo que haya que entender esta conciliación entre islam y cristianismo como la expresión de una apertura hacia creencias ajenas sino más bien como un intento hegemónico de abarcar a todos debajo del poder cristiano.
La recepción de la documentación árabe en los cartularios del Archivo Capitular de Toledo: traducciones y adaptaciones de cartas árabes entre el latín y el romance
Authors: Miguel-Franco Ruth 
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los modos en los que la documentación árabe emitida por las notarías mozárabes de Toledo es incluida en dos cartularios elaborados en el scriptorium catedralicio: Toledo, Biblioteca Capitular, 42-20 (1190) y Madrid, Archivo Histórico Nacional, 987B (1257 p. q.). Estos volúmenes tienen en común que no copian las cartas árabes de forma literal, sino que las traducen y resumen. No obstante, también presentan diferencias importantes: mientras que Toledo, Biblioteca Capitular, 42-20 copia algunas firmas árabes, en Madrid, Archivo Histórico Nacional, 987B el árabe está completamente ausente. Además, los volúmenes también se diferencian en la colocación de los resúmenes del árabe en el conjunto de documentos copiados y, sobre todo, en la lengua meta de las traducciones: latín en el primer caso, romance en el segundo. De este modo, el análisis de los mecanismos de recepción del árabe en estos dos cartularios nos proporciona información sobre la convivencia de lenguas en la Toledo medieval y documenta los cambios en el panorama lingüístico en el periodo que medió entre la elaboración de los dos cartularios.
La monetazione lombarda dalla fine del duecento al 1378
Authors: Travaini Lucia 
Published: July 2022

Il testo prende in esame la monetazione lombarda tra fine XIII secolo e 1378, evidenziando sostanziali cambiamenti monetari; specialmente a Milano intorno alla metà del Trecento si osserva una notevole stabilità monetaria in controtendenza rispetto ad altri Stati, segno di una grande capacità di visione da parte delle autorità milanesi.

The paper presents the Lombard coinages between the late thirteenth century and 1378, pointing to the many monetary changes of the period. Particularly for Milan, unlike other States, one can observe in the mid fourteenth century an important monetary stability fruit of a competent vision on the part of the Milanese authorities.
«Pace, pace, morte ai dazi e alle gabelle!»
Authors: Grillo Paolo 
Published: July 2022

Il contributo mostra che anche se per oltre un quarto di secolo, fra il 1311 e il 1338, la Lombardia fu scossa da scontri civili e da grandi conflitti internazionali, non bisogna sopravvalutarne la capacità distruttiva, dato che in realtà gran parte delle paghe dei mercenari e delle ricchezze saccheggiate veniva reintrodotta nei circuiti economici locali. Furono più gravi, probabilmente, i danni indiretti, quali l’aumento delle tasse o l’insicurezza dei commerci, ma dopo il precoce consolidamento del dominio sovracittadino di Azzone Visconti fra il 1329 e il 1339, la regione conobbe un periodo di relativa pace, che permise di recuperare rapidamente le perdite subite negli anni precedenti e di evitarne eventuali conseguenze a lungo termine.
Le societates amalfitane tra sistema normativo e prassi giuridica
Authors: Galante Maria 
Published: July 2022

La documentazione commerciale del territorio amalfitano è limitata, frammentaria e discontinua. Tuttavia, le pur scarse fonti collocabili tra l’età ducale e il primo periodo angioino possono fornire utili informazioni sulle modalità di partecipazione degli Amalfitani alle imprese commerciali e sui tipi di contratto che furono stipulati in tempi diversi. Un confronto effettuato con le compilazioni normative locali – la Tabula de Amalpha e le Consuetudines civitatis Amalphie – rivela una sostanziale corrispondenza tra la norma e la prassi. Le pur varie forme di contratto presentano gli stessi aspetti documentari: all’origine essi sono scritti dallo scriba di curia in curialesca amalfitana, poi, dalla metà del XIII secolo, sono redatti da un pubblico notaio in scrittura comune. Tali documenti presentano le medesime forme della locale documentazione privata e non mostrano elementi originali quanto a schemi compositivi e a sistemi di corroborazione. Durante il XIV secolo la charta amalfitana cade definitivamente in disuso e viene sostituita dall’instrumentum notarile. Aumentano considerevolmente i tipi di documento commerciale: ai contratti di commenda e di colonna si aggiungono documenti di procura, ricevute, apodixae, prestiti; tutti comunque, indipendentemente dalle modalità di redazione – instrumentum, documento in registro, imbreviatura o cedola – sono legati al circuito notarile.
The trading documentation of the Amalfi area is limited, fragmentary and discontinuous. There are a few specific sources dated between the Ducal age and the first period of the Angevin rule in Southern Italy. However, they can provide useful information about how the Amalfitans participated in trading enterprises and about the types of contracts that were stipulated at different times. The comparison with normative compilations of definite local origin, the Tabula de Amalpha and the Consuetudines civitatis Amalphie, is useful and establishes the stable correspondence between regulation and practice. The forms of commercial companies present the same documentary aspect : originally, they were written by the scribes of the curia in the “curialesca” of Amalfi, then, from the middle of the XIIIth century, they were also redacted by public notaries in common writing ; these documents follow the styles and forms of the local private document and they dont’s show original elements such as compositional scheme or validation systems. During the late XIVth century the definitive disuse of the charta “curialesca” and the exclusive use of notarial instrumentum took place. The range of commercial documents expanded considerably : are added documents of attorney, receipts, apodixae and mortgage and sale of goods contracts. This miscellaneous documentation is however bound, indipendently of its modality of redaction – that is instrumentum, document logged in a notarial register, imbreviatura and cedula – to the notarial circuit.
Des marchands sans livres de comptes ?
Authors: Arnoux Mathieu 
Published: July 2022

L’opposition entre une Europe méditerranéenne (particulièrement la Toscane), riche en archives commerciale et en livres de comptes, et des régions septetrionales où les sources sont rares, est un thème classique de l’histoire économique. Les recherches récentes n’ont pas modifié cette opposition mais une enquête moins orientée sur les archives commerciales éclaire un autre fonctionnement de l’économie européenne, dans lequel la mise en écriture des relations commerciales ne passe pas par l’enregistrement des transactions par les auteurs mais plutôt par l’échange de lettres authentiques faisant mémoire des engagements des partenaires, qui seront restituées et détruites à l’issue de l’opération. Dans cette perspective, l’opposition entre nord et sud de l’Europe n’est plus entre commerce « lettré » et « illettré » mais entre archives des compagnies conservées à l’intérieur du réseau des acteurs et pièce justificatives de transactions menées à bien, cannelées ou détruites, à moins qu’un conflit entre les parties n’ait justifié leur conservation. Les sources relatives aux affaires de Jacques Coeur éclairent ce fonctionnement des relations commerciales et permettent de comprendre comment s’organisèrent les relations entre les deux Europes marchandes.
The contrast between northern countries, where merchant archives and especially ledgers, are rare, and Mediterranean regions, mostly Tuscany, with abondant archives and many ledgers, is a classic topic in commercial history. Recent research has not change this landscape: archival findings remain exceptional in northern Europe, and most of them are about Italian or Spanish merchants. Yet, an inquiry less archive-oriented provides a different idea of late-medieval European trade: northern merchants did not keep ledgers when there was not credit involved in their relations, but they had to record their transactions in authentic letters which where exchanged between partners at the end of a deal, then destroyed or cancelled. The opposition between northern and southern region is not between learnt and illiterate trade, but between archive of companies preserved inside the firm network and records of the operations, which usually vanished unless there was conflict between partners. Evidence from the Jacques Coeur trial provide new clues to understand how European merchant, with different kinds of literacy, could deal together.
Königliche und fürstliche Strandrechtsprivilegien für hansische Kaufleute und Städte IM südlichen Ostseeraum (13.-15. Jahrhundert)
Authors: Huschner Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

Insgesamt kommen mittelalterliche Regelungen über das Strandrecht im Ostseeraum vor allem in kaiserlichen, königlichen, fürstlichen, päpstlichen und erzbischöflichen Urkunden sowie in Bündnis- und Friedensverträgen vor. Auf Initiative der Städte wurden in erster Linie solche Dokumente, die ein unverändertes Eigentumsrecht nach Schiffbrüchen verbrieften, am häufigsten abgeschrieben sowie als Referenzdokumente bei Verhandlungen um die angestrebte Ausstellung neuer Privilegien verwendet. Die Repräsentanten der Städte entschieden offenbar in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen konkreten Situation, auf welche dokumentierten Verfügungen über die Beseitigung oder Einschränkung des traditionellen Strandrechtes man sich jeweils berief. Dauerhafte und flächendeckende Rechtssicherheit wurde für die Kaufleute und Seefahrer im Ostseeraum bis zum Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts weder durch kaiserliche, königliche und fürstliche noch durch päpstliche Verfügungen über das Strandrecht erreicht. Die häufigen Abschriften und Neuausstellungen solcher Urkunden zeugen aber davon, dass sie für die Kaufleute und Seefahrer bei Verhandlungen über die Lösung von Konfliktsituationen nach Schiffbrüchen äußerst relevant waren.
Generally speaking, medieval regulations concerning the law of shipwreck in the Baltic Sea Region can be found mainly in imperial, royal, princely, papal and archiepiscopal charters as well as in treaties of alliance and peace. On the initiative of the cities, it were primarily those documents which confirmed an unchanged right of ownership in case of shipwrecks which were most commonly copied or used as reference documents in negotiations about the desired issuance of new privileges. Apparently in dependance on the concrete situation, the representatives of the cities decided which documented decrees about the abolition or limitation of the traditional law of shipwreck were to be invoked in each case. Until the end of the XVth century, a state of permanent and comprehensive legal certainty for the merchants and mariners in the Baltic Sea Region could not be reached neither by imperial, royal or princely nor by papal decrees concerning the law of shipwreck. However, the quite common copies and reissues of such charters prove that they were of high relevance for merchants and mariners during negotiations about the resolution of conflicts arising from shipwrecks.