bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of inflammation‐immunity‐nutrition score in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with anti‐PD‐1 therapy
Authors: Zhang Zilong , Liang Yuxin , Zhong Deyuan , Dai Zonglin , Shang Jin , Lai Chunyou , Zou Haibo , Yao Yutong , Feng Tianhang , Huang Xiaolun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are no validated biomarkers that can predict the clinical benefit of immune checkpoint blockers against the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of inflammation‐immunity‐nutrition score (IINS) in patients with HCC treated with anti‐PD‐1 therapy.MethodsA consecutive series of 101 HCC patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital between January 2018 and August 2020 were enrolled in the retrospective study. IINS (0–6) was constructed based on pretreatment high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), lymphocyte (LYM), and albumin (ALB). The patients were divided into high and low IINS groups according to IINS values. Prognostic values of each variable were evaluated with univariate and multivariate time‐dependent Cox regression analyses. Survival curves were calculated and compared using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test. The prognostic performance of IINS was further compared with that of other traditional prognostic indicators by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the areas under the ROC curve.ResultsPatients with low IINS had longer overall survival (OS) (HR: 4.711, 95% CI: 1.80–12.37,p = .001) and progression‐free survival (HR: 3.411, 95% CI: 1.79–6.51,p < .0001) than those with high IINS. The multivariate analysis identified IINS (HR: 3.746, 95% CI: 1.05–13.38,p = .042) and tumor number (HR: 5.111, 95% CI: 1.075–24.299,p = .04) as independent prognostic factors. According to ROC analysis, IINS (AUC =0.729, 95% CI: 0.597–0.861,p = .002) presented better prognostic performance than other traditional prognostic indicators. The area of the IINS‐CA19‐9 under the ROC curve (AUC) was higher than that of the IINS or CA19‐9 levels for the prediction of OS.ConclusionThe results suggest that IINS may be an independent prognostic indicator for HCC patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 therapy. IINS‐CA19‐9 classification may be more effective in predicting clinical benefit of anti‐PD‐1 therapy in HCC patients.
Gut microbiome: New biomarkers in early screening of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Peng , Yang Dongxue , Sun Desen , Zhou Yuping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCertain “star intestinal bacteria” have been found to act as a contributor to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Besides, given that the gut microbiome can be detected in a diverse range of samples (stool, tissue, blood, etc), it is categorized into fecal microbiome, blood microbiome, and tissue microbiome.MethodsTo provide an overview of the recent research progress, this review summarizes the characteristics of the gut microbiome in different samples at each stage of CRC and their screening efficiency.ResultsThe screening models constructed from different sample microbiomes (healthy/colorectal adenoma, healthy/CRC, and colorectal adenoma/CRC) have both strengths and constraints in terms of biomarker reproducibility and area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the screening models. Many bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria, Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. n), Geotrichum candidum, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Escherichia coli, Rhodococcus, Anaerostipes caccae, Enhydrobacter, Lachnoclostridiumsp. m3, Bacteroides clarus, Clostridium hathewayi, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Culinariside, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), show favorable diagnostic efficacy in early screening of colorectal cancer.ConclusionsThis review highlights stool, blood, tissue, and bowel fluid are the main sample sources for biomarkers, each with its own advantages and limitations. Moreover, other samples such as extracellular vesicles and biofilms also should been deserved further attention.
Arcuate NPY is involved in salt‐induced hypertension via modulation of paraventricular vasopressin and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Zhang Chen‐Liang , Lin Yi‐Zhang , Wu Qi , Yan Chenxu , Wong Matthew Wai‐Kin , Zeng Fan , Zhu Ping , Bowes Kelsey , Lee Kailun , Zhang Xuan , Song Zhi‐Yuan , Lin Shu , Shi Yan‐Chuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChronic high salt intake is one of the leading causes of hypertension. Salt activates the release of the key neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus such as vasopressin to increase blood pressure, and neuropepetide Y (NPY) has been implicated in the modulation of vasopressin levels. NPY in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc) is best known for its control in appetite and energy homeostasis, but it is unclear whether it is also involved in the development of salt‐induced hypertension. Here, we demonstrate that wild‐type mice given 2% NaCl salt water for 8 weeks developed hypertension which was associated with marked downregulation of NPY expression in the hypothalamic Arc as demonstrated in NPY‐GFP reporter mice as well as by in situ hybridization analysis. Furthermore, salt intake activates neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) where mRNA expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vasopressin was found to be upregulated, leading to elevated serum vasopressin levels. This finding suggests an inverse correlation between the Arc NPY level and expression of vasopressin and BDNF in the PVN. Specific restoration of NPY by injecting AAV‐Cre recombinase into the Arc only of the NPY‐targeted mutant mice carrying a loxP‐flanked STOP cassette reversed effects of salt intake on vasopressin and BDNF expression, leading to a normalization of salt‐dependent blood pressure. In summary, our study uncovers an important Arc NPY‐originated neuronal circuitry that could sense and respond to peripheral electrolyte signals and thereby regulate hypertension via vasopressin and BDNF in the PVN.
Impact of biologics and small molecules for inflammatory bowel disease on COVID‐19‐related hospitalization and mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alrashed Fatema , Alasfour Hajer , Shehab Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe use of biologics and small molecules has been a concern for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the association between the risk of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization and these agents.MethodsWe made a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all published studies from December 2019 to September 2021 to identify studies that reported COVID‐19‐related hospitalization in IBD patients receiving biologic therapies or tofacitinib. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) to compare the relative risk of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization in patients receiving these medications to those who were not, at the time of the study.ResultsEighteen studies were included. The relative risk of hospitalization was significantly lower in patients with IBD and COVID‐19 who were receiving biologic therapy (RR = 0.47 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.42–0.52, P < 0.00001]) compared to patients not receiving biologics. The RR was lower in patients receiving anti‐tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) compared to those who were not (RR = 0.48 [95% CI: 0.41–0.55, P < 0.00001]). A similar finding was observed in patients taking ustekinumab (RR = 0.55 [95% CI: 0.43–0.72, P < 0.00001]). Combination therapy involving anti‐TNF and an immunomodulator did not lower the risk of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization (RR = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.82–1.18, P = 0.84]). The use of vedolizumab (RR = 1.13 [95% CI: 0.75–1.73, P = 0.56]) or tofacitinib (RR = 0.81 [95% CI: 0.49–1.33, P = 0.40]) was not associated with a lower risk of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization.ConclusionRegarding COVID‐19‐related hospitalization in IBD, anti‐TNFs and ustekinumab were associated with decreased risk of hospitalization. In addition, vedolizumab and tofacitinib were not associated with COVID‐19‐related hospitalization.
On the relationships between resolution, dimensionless stability, pseudopotential well depth, acceptance, and transmission in mass filters
Authors: Huntley Adam P. , Reilly Peter T. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe relationships between resolution, stability, pseudopotential well depth, acceptance aperture, and transmission for sinusoidal quadrupole mass filters are examined graphically and mathematically. Simple linear or power relationships are revealed. Comparison of these quantities plotted against resolving power show that the pseudopotential well depth correlates well with the mass filter transmission. Pseudopotential well depth is directly proportional to the product of dimensionless stability well depth and the AC voltage. This relationship extends to all quadrupoles regardless of operational zone because it is rooted in stability. Ion transmission and sensitivity scale directly with the pseudopotential well depth. Resolving power and pseudopotential well depth increase when operating in higher stability zones for all types of mass filters. Unfortunately, for fixed frequency sine wave mass filters, the increased resolving power and pseudopotential well depth are accompanied by a significant reduction of the mass range and increased in fringe field effects. For these reasons, sine mass filter operation in higher stability zones has been reported but not commercially produced. In contrast, for rectangular wave mass filter operation, there is no mass range limitation in any stability zone. The fringe field does not increase because the AC voltage is constant and does not change within a single stability zone or between them. A DC voltage is also unnecessary to access any zone. The high resolution and sensitivity of rectangular wave mass filters that can be gained by operation in higher stability zones without mass limit and limited fringe field restrictions suggest a bright and expansive future for this technology.
Low‐frequency variants in mildly symptomatic vaccine breakthrough infections presents a doubled‐edged sword
Authors: Magalis Brittany R. , Mavian Carla , Tagliamonte Massimiliano , Rich Shannan N. , Cash Melanie , Riva Alberto , Loeb Julia C. , Norris Michael , Amador David M. , Zhang Yanping , Shapiro Jerne , Starostik Petr , Marini Simone , Myers Paul , Ostrov David A. , Lednicky John A. , Glenn Morris J. , Lauzardo Michael , Salemi Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants of concern (VOC) has raised questions regarding vaccine protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, transmission, and ongoing virus evolution. Twenty‐three mildly symptomatic “vaccination breakthrough” infections were identified as early as January 2021 in Alachua County, Florida, among individuals fully vaccinated with either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or the Ad26 (Janssen/J&J) vaccines. SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes were successfully generated for 11 of the vaccine breakthroughs, and 878 individuals in the surrounding area and were included for reference‐based phylogenetic investigation. These 11 individuals were characterized by infection with VOCs, but also low‐frequency variants present within the surrounding population. Low‐frequency mutations were observed, which have been more recently identified as mutations of interest owing to their location within targeted immune epitopes (P812L) and association with increased replicative capacity (L18F). We present these results to posit the nature of the efficacy of vaccines in reducing symptoms as both a blessing and a curse—as vaccination becomes more widespread and self‐motivated testing reduced owing to the absence of severe symptoms, we face the challenge of early recognition of novel mutations of potential concern. This case study highlights the critical need for continued testing and monitoring of infection and transmission among individuals regardless of vaccination status.
Summer dynamics drive the microbial response to carbon and nutrient additions in a high‐altitude lake
Authors: Dory Flavia , Cavalli Laurent , Franquet Evelyne , Claeys‐Bruno Magalie , Misson Benjamin , Tatoni Thierry , Bertrand Céline 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe predicted increase in allochthonous dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in high‐altitude lakes is expected to alter the phytoplankton–bacterioplankton relationship. However, few studies address the influence of summer phytoplankton dynamics on microbial responses to DOC additions. We sampled natural plankton assemblages during two contrasting periods of summer in a high‐altitude lake in the French Alps and subjected them to glucose and nutrient enrichments under two light conditions (dark or light) and two temperature conditions (10°C or 18°C). Our results indicate that glucose use by bacteria differs over the summer, depending on the availability of autochthonous DOC and the nutrient limitation. Glucose was consumed by bacteria more in early summer; however, biomass increased with glucose addition more in late summer than in early summer. This pattern arose from the greater availability of phytoplankton‐derived DOC in late summer, reducing the need for alternative carbon sources in late summer, when phytoplankton biomass was high. Mixotrophic taxa were stimulated after glucose additions both in early summer and in late summer. We found greater competition between bacteria and phytoplankton in late summer after glucose addition, linked to the summer nutrient limitation pattern. Our study thus highlights a differential response depending on the timing of summer DOC inputs. The global changes forecast for the French Alps should increase heterotrophic and mixotrophic processes in planktonic communities of shallow high‐altitude lakes with vegetated catchments. This experimental study provides insights that will be useful in predicting ecological trajectories and in refining predictions of sentinel lakes' responses to global changes.
ADCP‐based estimates of lateral turbulent Reynolds stresses in wavy coastal environments
Authors: Amador Andre , Giddings Sarah N. , Pawlak Geno 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe assess the use of a four‐beam, Janus‐type ADCP for the measurement of lateral Reynolds stress () in wavy coastal environments. The calculation of derives either from the fluctuating beam velocity equations or directly from the fluctuating part of the Cartesian velocities (), with each requiring different assumptions. We adapt existing wave‐turbulence decomposition strategies to isolate the lateral turbulent motions at frequencies below those of surface gravity waves. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated via comparisons with independent ADV‐based stress estimates at two sites. Comparisons show good quantitative agreement over the tidal cycle, and indicate that ADCPs can effectively resolve lateral turbulent fluxes via ensemble‐averaging. Assessment of ensemble‐averaged turbulence cospectra indicates that the proposed approach is effective in isolating the low‐frequency (below the waveband) turbulent stresses from wave‐induced errors. Furthermore, the vertical structure of the turbulent Reynolds stresses is examined as a function of tidal phase in an unstratified, tidally‐driven flow over a rough coral reef seabed in weak swell conditions. Observations and analysis indicate that lateral fluxes are tied to the cross‐shore (lateral) gradient of the mean alongshore flow, though vertical and lateral stresses are primarily driven by bottom‐generated turbulence. Scaling considerations indicate that cross‐shore transport by lateral turbulent mixing could be relevant to coral reef shelves with steep cross‐reef slopes and rough bottoms.
Lineability, algebrability, and sequences of random variables
Authors: Fernández‐Sánchez Juan , Seoane‐Sepúlveda Juan B. , Trutschnig Wolfgang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe show that, when omitting one condition in several well‐known convergence results from probability and measure theory (such as the Dominated Convergence Theorem, Fatou's Lemma, or the Strong Law of Large Numbers), we can construct “very large” (in terms of the cardinality of their systems of generators) spaces and algebras of counterexamples. Moreover, we show that on the probability space the families of sequences of random variables converging in probability but (i) not converging outside a set of measure 0 or (ii) not converging in arithmetic mean are also “very large”.
A Critical Investigation of Cerebellar Associative Learning in Isolated Dystonia
Authors: Sadnicka Anna , Rocchi Lorenzo , Latorre Anna , Antelmi Elena , Teo James , Pareés Isabel , Hoffland Britt S. , Brock Kristian , Kornysheva Katja , Edwards Mark J. , Bhatia Kailash P. , Rothwell John C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundImpaired eyeblink conditioning is often cited as evidence for cerebellar dysfunction in isolated dystonia yet the results from individual studies are conflicting and underpowered.ObjectiveTo systematically examine the influence of dystonia, dystonia subtype, and clinical features over eyeblink conditioning within a statistical model which controlled for the covariates age and sex.MethodsOriginal neurophysiological data from all published studies (until 2019) were shared and compared to an age‐ and sex‐matched control group. Two raters blinded to participant identity rescored all recordings (6732 trials). After higher inter‐rater agreement was confirmed, mean conditioning per block across raters was entered into a mixed repetitive measures model.ResultsIsolated dystonia (P = 0.517) and the subtypes of isolated dystonia (cervical dystonia, DYT‐TOR1A, DYT‐THAP1, and focal hand dystonia) had similar levels of eyeblink conditioning relative to controls. The presence of tremor did not significantly influence levels of eyeblink conditioning. A large range of eyeblink conditioning behavior was seen in both health and dystonia and sample size estimates are provided for future studies.ConclusionsThe similarity of eyeblink conditioning behavior in dystonia and controls is against a global cerebellar learning deficit in isolated dystonia. Precise mechanisms for how the cerebellum interplays mechanistically with other key neuroanatomical nodes within the dystonic network remains an open research question. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
Passively Q‐switched operation of Yb,Ho:LuVO4 laser with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors
Authors: Yang Xining , Wang Guangyu , Zeng Zhaowen , Guo Chunjing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA continuous‐wave (CW) and passively Q‐switched (PQS) Yb,Ho:LuVO4 laser pumped by a 978.6‐nm laser diode (LD) is demonstrated. The maximum output power of 131 mW at 2059.78 nm in CW regime is achieved with a pump power of 3.01 W, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 10.74%. Under PQS mode operation, an average output power of 45 mW and a shortest pulse width of 100 ns were acquired by a semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors, and for all we know, this is the first report about the PQS Yb,Ho:LuVO4 laser. In addition, a maximum energy per pulse of 12.6 nJ with a pulse repetition frequency of 7.692 MHz was obtained, corresponding to a peak power of 58.5 mW. The beam quality factor was measured to be  = 1.10 and  = 1.10 from the PQS Yb,Ho:LuVO4 laser.
Theoretical investigations on the defect structures and g factors for V4+ in 30PbO‐5Bi2O3‐(65‐x)SiO2 glasses at different concentrations
Authors: Hu Jian‐Guo , Wu Shao‐Yi , Yan Li , Wei Zhang‐Ting , Yang Yi , Wu Hao , Zhu Qin‐Sheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor 3d1 (V4+) impurity in 30PbO‐5Bi2O3‐(65‐x)SiO2 glass systems with different concentrations x of V2O5, the defect structures and gyromagnetic factors are theoretically investigated by using the perturbation formulas of g factors for a tetragonally compressed octahedral 3d1 group. The concentration dependences of d‐d transition band and g factors are suitably explained from the Fourier type concentration functions of the cubic crystal field parameter Dq, covalency factor N and relative tetragonal compression ratio ρ. The above concentration dependences of these quantities are suitably illustrated by the modifications of the local crystal field strength and electron cloud distribution with increasing x. The concentration variations of the electrical conductivity and dielectric relaxation are further analyzed from the stability of the systems in view of two competitive factors (increasing network polymerization and bulk stability at low concentrations and decreasing former SiO2 and stability at high concentrations).
Correcting inter‐scan motion artifacts in quantitative R1 mapping at 7T
Authors: Balbastre Yaël , Aghaeifar Ali , Corbin Nadège , Brudfors Mikael , Ashburner John , Callaghan Martina F. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeInter‐scan motion is a substantial source of error in estimation methods based on multiple volumes, for example, variable flip angle (VFA), and can be expected to increase at 7T where fields are more inhomogeneous. The established correction scheme does not translate to 7T since it requires a body coil reference. Here we introduce two alternatives that outperform the established method. Since they compute relative sensitivities they do not require body coil images.TheoryThe proposed methods use coil‐combined magnitude images to obtain the relative coil sensitivities. The first method efficiently computes the relative sensitivities via a simple ratio; the second by fitting a more sophisticated generative model.Methods maps were computed using the VFA approach. Multiple datasets were acquired at 3T and 7T, with and without motion between the acquisition of the VFA volumes. maps were constructed without correction, with the proposed corrections, and (at 3T) with the previously established correction scheme. The effect of the greater inhomogeneity in the transmit field at 7T was also explored by acquiring maps at each position.ResultsAt 3T, the proposed methods outperform the baseline method. Inter‐scan motion artifacts were also reduced at 7T. However, at 7T reproducibility only converged on that of the no motion condition if position‐specific transmit field effects were also incorporated.ConclusionThe proposed methods simplify inter‐scan motion correction of maps and are applicable at both 3T and 7T, where a body coil is typically not available. The open‐source code for all methods is made publicly available.