bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outer membrane vesicles as biomimetic vaccine carriers against infections and cancers
Authors: Mat Rani Nur Najihah Izzati , Alzubaidi Zahraa M. , Butt Adeel Masood , Mohammad Faizal Nur Dini Fatini , Sekar Mahendran , Azhari Hanisah , Mohd Amin Mohd Cairul Iqbal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, nanoparticle‐based therapeutic modalities have emerged as promising treatment options for cancer and infectious diseases. To improve prognosis, chemotherapeutic and antimicrobial drugs must be delivered selectively to the target sites. Researchers have increasingly focused their efforts on improving drug delivery, with a particular emphasis on cancer and infectious diseases. When drugs are administered systemically, they become diluted and can diffuse to all tissues but only until the immune system intervenes and quickly removes them from circulation. To enhance and prolong the systemic circulation of drugs, nanocarriers have been explored and used; however, nanocarriers have a major drawback in that they can trigger immune responses. Numerous nanocarriers for optimal drug delivery have been developed using innovative and effective biointerface technologies. Autologous cell‐derived drug carriers, such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), have demonstrated improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity. Thus, this study investigates the use of biomimetic OMVs as biomimetic vaccine carriers against infections and cancers to improve our understanding in the field of nanotechnology. In addition, discussion on the advantages, disadvantages, and future prospects of OMVs will also be explored.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Hadronization via gravitational confinement of fast neutrinos: Mechanics at fm distances
Authors: Vayenas Constantinos G. , Tsousis Dionysios , Grigoriou Dimitrios , Parisis Kostas , Aifantis Elias C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present a summary of the rotating Lepton model (RLM) of composite particles which is a Bohr‐type model using gravity rather than electrostatic attraction as the centripetal force and examines the formation of hadrons via the rotational motion of three gravitating relativistic neutrinos. Model solution via the use of Special or General relativity and of the de Broglie wavelength equation shows that the three neutrinos can get confined in circular orbits of fm radii with velocities extremely close to the speed of light. The computed Lorentz factor is which, via energy conversation, implies that the mass of the composite particle (e.g., of a neutron) is a factor of γ larger than the rest mass of the three rotating neutrinos (∼0.14 eV/c2), and equal (within 1%) with the experimental neutron mass value (∼ 939 MeV/c2). The computed rotational radius (0.63 fm) is also in quantitative agreement with the experimental value. The application of the RLM to compute the masses of heavier composite particles, such as hadrons, bosons and mesons is then briefly oulined, together with its use to compute the masses of neutrinos from hadron masses and to relate the Strong and Weak nuclear forces with relativistic gravity.
Constrained superfields in dynamical background
Authors: Aoki Shuntaro , Terada Takahiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the nonlinear realization of supersymmetry in a dynamical/cosmological background in which derivative terms like kinetic terms are finite. Starting from linearly realized theories, we integrate out heavy modes without neglecting derivative terms to obtain algebraic constraints on superfields. Thanks to the supersymmetry breaking contribution by the kinetic energy, the validity of constrained superfields can be extended to cosmological regimes and phenomena such as reheating after inflation, kinetic-energy domination, and the kinetic and standard misalignment of axion.
Quantum backreaction on chronology horizons
Authors: Emparan Roberto , Tomašević Marija 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We extend in two directions our recent investigation of strongly interacting quantum fields in a class of spacetimes with chronology horizons (Misner spacetimes). First, we generalize to arbitrary dimensions the holographic mechanism of chronology protection in the absence of gravitational backreaction. The AdS geometry dual to a conformal field theory in these spacetimes shows, in every dimension, an entire separation between the bulk duals of the chronal and non-chronal regions, with the former being complete, regular geometries. In some instances the protection requires the inclusion of non-planar CFT corrections, which we obtain using double holography. Second, we compute the gravitational backreaction of the quantum fields in the Misner-AdS3 spacetime, and show that the null chronology horizon turns into a strong, spacelike curvature singularity. This is one of the few controlled, explicit examples where we can see quantum effects change a Cauchy horizon into a spacelike singularity.
Meromorphic modular forms and the three-loop equal-mass banana integral
Authors: Broedel Johannes , Duhr Claude , Matthes Nils 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider a class of differential equations for multi-loop Feynman integrals which can be solved to all orders in dimensional regularisation in terms of iterated integrals of meromorphic modular forms. We show that the subgroup under which the modular forms transform can naturally be identified with the monodromy group of a certain second-order differential operator. We provide an explicit decomposition of the spaces of modular forms into a direct sum of total derivatives and a basis of modular forms that cannot be written as derivatives of other functions, thereby generalising a result by one of the authors form the full modular group to arbitrary finite-index subgroups of genus zero. Finally, we apply our results to the two- and three-loop equal-mass banana integrals, and we obtain in particular for the first time complete analytic results for the higher orders in dimensional regularisation for the three-loop case, which involves iterated integrals of meromorphic modular forms.
Towards hot levelling strategies for steel heavy plates: analysis of flatness evolution in accelerated cooling, hot levelling, and final air cooling via thermo-mechanical FE modelling
Authors: Laugwitz Marvin , Jochum Martin , Scheffer Tobias , Lohmar Johannes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the production of heavy plates, the flatness of the products is an essential feature that must be set within narrow tolerances. Thus, the understanding of the flatness evolution throughout all relevant production steps in the rolling mill is paramount for high-quality products. It is known that most flatness defects arise either due to roll gap deviations in rolling or because of changing thermal conditions in the subsequent cooling processes. Severe defects induced during rolling are treated by a pre-leveller while the final heavy plate flatness after cooling is set in a dedicated hot leveller. Consequently, thermally induced defects need to be removed in this dedicated hot leveller as well. However, it is not yet feasible to model the flatness evolution throughout the relevant processing sequence consisting of accelerated cooling after hot rolling, hot levelling, and final air cooling. In order to close this gap and to analyse the process sequence with regard to flatness evolution, within this study, two cooling and a levelling model were developed and coupled with respect to thermal history, deformation, and residual stresses. These coupled thermo-mechanical finite element (FE) models were successfully applied to predict the flatness evolution in heavy plate production. Firstly, the formation of centre waves caused by inhomogeneous cooling conditions was captured. Secondly, the change in flatness during hot levelling was predicted. Thirdly, a transition from centre to edge waves was observed during final air cooling after levelling. This phenomenon (sometimes observed in industrial heavy plate production) was successfully reproduced in a sequence of coupled simulations for the first time. Finally, the hot levelling process was analysed via a parameter study to understand the root cause of this transition and to propose alternative hot levelling strategies that avoid it.
Drug-handling problems and expectations of the ideal pediatric drug—reported by children and their parents
Authors: Herziger Birthe , Jeschke Sarah , Müller Ruth Melinda , Neininger Martina Patrizia , Bertsche Thilo , Bertsche Astrid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExperienced drug-handling problems and inadequately considered expectations for drug therapy have an unfavorable influence on therapy. We performed a questionnaire survey in (i) parents of 0–5-year-old children and (ii) 6–17-year olds and their parents. We assessed (A) experienced drug-handling problems and (B) expectations for drug therapy. (i) Forty-six parents and (ii) 103 children and their parents participated in the study. Experienced drug-handling problems were described by (i) 100% of parents and (ii) 62% of children and 70% of parents. Problems concerned with the preparation of the drug, dosing, compliance with the time interval, and acceptance. (i) Sixty-five percent of parents preferred a peroral route of drug administration, while (ii) 74% of children and 86% of parents did so. Preferred characteristics of peroral drug formulations, e.g., liquid versus solid drug formulations or flavor, were highly heterogeneous. Preferences of 6–17-year-old children and their parents matched in 43 to 66%. Conclusion: Most children and their parents had already experienced drug-handling problems. Preferences concerning the ideal pediatric drug were highly heterogeneous and in about half of cases, preferences of children and their parents differed. Thus, the children should be approached directly. If information is solely gained from parents, the children’s needs might remain unmet.

What is Known:• Pediatric drug administration is complex and therefore error-prone.•Experiences and expectations of children and their parents should be considered.

What is New:•Most pediatric patients and their parents have already experienced drug-handling problems.• Expectations concerning the ideal pediatric drug are highly heterogeneous. Parents are often insufficiently aware of those expectations in their children.
Tree Automata and Pigeonhole Classes of Matroids: I
Authors: Funk Daryl , Mayhew Dillon , Newman Mike 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHliněný’s Theorem shows that any sentence in the monadic second-order logic of matroids can be tested in polynomial time, when the input is limited to a class of $${\mathbb {F}}$$
F
-representable matroids with bounded branch-width (where $${\mathbb {F}}$$
F
is a finite field). If each matroid in a class can be decomposed by a subcubic tree in such a way that only a bounded amount of information flows across displayed separations, then the class has bounded decomposition-width. We introduce the pigeonhole property for classes of matroids: if every subclass with bounded branch-width also has bounded decomposition-width, then the class is pigeonhole. An efficiently pigeonhole class has a stronger property, involving an efficiently-computable equivalence relation on subsets of the ground set. We show that Hliněný’s Theorem extends to any efficiently pigeonhole class. In a sequel paper, we use these ideas to extend Hliněný’s Theorem to the classes of fundamental transversal matroids, lattice path matroids, bicircular matroids, and $$H$$
H
-gain-graphic matroids, where H is any finite group. We also give a characterisation of the families of hypergraphs that can be described via tree automata: a family is defined by a tree automaton if and only if it has bounded decomposition-width. Furthermore, we show that if a class of matroids has the pigeonhole property, and can be defined in monadic second-order logic, then any subclass with bounded branch-width has a decidable monadic second-order theory.
Etiologies and treatments of chronic intestinal failure-short bowel syndrome (SBS) in Japanese adults: a real-world observational study
Authors: Mizushima Tsunekazu , Udagawa Eri , Hasegawa Miyuki , Tazuke Yuko , Okuyama Hiroomi , Fernandez Jovelle , Nakamura Shiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) with intestinal failure (SBS-IF) requires long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). This study investigated the real-world etiologies of SBS, treatment patterns, and PN-related outcomes among adult patients with SBS-IF in Japan.

Methods
This retrospective, observational cohort study was based on data from April, 2008 to January, 2020 from one of the largest hospital-based claim databases in Japan. Analyzed patients were aged ≥ 16 years, had received continuous PN for ≥ 6 months, and had SBS or undergone SBS-related surgery with a diagnosis of a causative disease. The primary endpoint was PN weaning.

Results
We analyzed data for 393 patients. The most frequent causes of SBS-IF were ileus (31.8%), Crohn’s disease (20.1%), and mesenteric ischemia (16.0%). Of 144/393 (36.6%) patients who were weaned off their PN, 48 (33.3%) were subsequently restarted on PN. Of 276/393 (70.2%) patients whose PN was initiated in hospital, 156 (56.5%) transitioned to home management. The mean duration of initial PN was 450.4 and 675.5 days for patients who were able or unable to be weaned off PN, respectively. Sepsis (67.4%), catheter-related bloodstream infections (49.1%), and liver disorders (45.0%) were the most reported PN-related complications.

Conclusions
Most patients with SBS-IF in Japan could not be weaned off PN and suffered life-threatening complications.
Introduced predators and nest competitors shape distribution and breeding performance of seabirds: feral pigeons as a new threat
Authors: Rodríguez Beneharo , Rodríguez Airam , Siverio Felipe , Martínez Juan M. , Sacramento Enrique , Acosta Yarci 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPetrels are particularly sensitive to predation by introduced species. Many populations have reduced their breeding ranges, currently mainly occupying predator-free sites. Breeding range reduction leads to interspecific competition for nesting sites, which can be detrimental to petrels. Here, we evaluate how the presence of introduced mammals (catsFelis catusand ratsRattusspp.) and potential competitors for nest sites (Cory’s shearwatersCalonectris borealisand feral rock pigeonsColumba livia) shape the distribution, breeding density, and breeding performance of Bulwer’s petrelBulweria bulweriion Tenerife, the largest and most densely human populated of the Canary Islands. We estimated nest density, assessed the role of nest location and physical characteristics of nests on breeding success, and determined causes of breeding failure by introduced predators and competitors. Nest density was higher in predator-free colonies on marine rocks. Cat presence was the best predictor of nest density, but it was not correlated with either presence or abundance of competitors. Breeding success varied between years and colonies but was not related to nest characteristics. Pigeon competition for nests was the most frequent cause of breeding failure (7.3%), followed by rat predation (6.3%). We also compared petrel and pigeon nest cavities and found considerable overlap in the physical size of nest sites. Our study provides insights into an overlooked impact of the invasive rock pigeon: nest competition with small seabirds. We encourage more research on the effects of pigeons on nest density, as well as disease and pathogen transmission, and vegetation changes within seabird colonies.
Organizations, Learning, and Sustainability: A Cross-Disciplinary Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Feeney Melanie , Grohnert Therese , Gijselaers Wim , Martens Pim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the role of learning in organizational responses to sustainability. Finding meaningful solutions to sustainability challenges requires companies and other actors to broaden their thinking, go beyond organizational boundaries and engage more with their stakeholders. However, broadening organizational perspective and collaborating with diverse stakeholders involves inherent political and process-related tensions. Learning has been identified as a key organizing process for overcoming the challenges that arise through collaborative action for sustainability. In order to understand the role of learning in organizational responses to sustainability, we conduct a cross-disciplinary systematic review of the literature on learning for sustainability and incorporate perspectives from diverse disciplines including business, management, environmental science, sociology, policy, urban planning, and development. The review explores how different disciplines conceptualize and operationalize learning for sustainability and identifies the common themes and challenges. Our findings highlight the different ways that power relations influence learning and decision-making processes, and how entrenched traditional value structures and ‘reflexive complicity’ limit practitioners and researchers alike in finding meaningful sustainability solutions. We conclude that shifting how we motivate business and management research on learning for sustainability, in a way that prioritizes sustainability outcomes over firm performance, could bring us a step closer to more meaningful responses to sustainability. Similarly, breaking patterns of ‘reflexive complicity’ by key actors in business could assist in shifting toward more radical and long-term responses to sustainability in practice.
Emotions and Their Correctness Conditions: A Defense of Attitudinalism
Authors: Deonna Julien , Teroni Fabrice 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we contrast the different ways in which the representationalist and the attitudinalist in the theory of emotions account for the fact that emotions have evaluative correctness conditions. We argue that the attitudinalist has the resources to defend her view against recent attacks from the representationalist. To this end, we elaborate on the idea that emotional attitudes have a rich profile and explain how it supports the claim that these attitudes generate the wished-for evaluative correctness conditions. Our argument rests on the idea that emotional attitudes manifest a sensitivity to evaluative evidence and that this sensitivity secures the kind of normativity we expect of the emotions. We bring our discussion to a close by assessing whether the psychological underpinnings of this sensitivity to evaluative evidence are such as to threaten the foundation of attitudinalism: the idea that emotions do not represent values. Given the available models of how we might access values prior to emotional experience, we conclude that the attitudinalist is still in the game.
Evaluating the night sky background directly from the signal images detected by the ASTRI telescopes
Authors: Compagnino Antonio Alessio , Mineo Teresa , Maccarone Maria Concetta , Catalano Osvaldo , Giarrusso Salvatore , Impiombato Domenico 
Published: February 2022

AbstractASTRI-Horn is an Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope characterized by a dual-mirror optical system with a primary mirror diameter of 4.3 m and a curved focal surface covered by silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) sensors managed by an innovative fast front-end electronics. ASTRI-Horn is installed in Italy at the INAF “M.C. Fracastoro” observing station (Mount Etna, Italy); it is the prototype of nine similar telescopes forming the ASTRI MiniArray that will be installed at the Teide Astronomical Observatory, in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). In the ASTRI-Horn camera, the output signals from SiPMs are AC coupled to the front-end electronics stopping any slow varying signals. However, the random arrival of the night sky background photons produces fast fluctuations in the signal that the electronics is able to detect. The noise generated by this effect is proportional to the level of the diffuse night sky background. In this work, we present the analysis of the background data in ASTRI-Horn observations during the period December 2018–March 2019, using images of triggered showers. We compare the results relative to 2018 December 7-8 and 2019 March 6-7 nights with the contemporary night sky background fluxes measured by UVscope. This is a small auxiliary instrument mounted on the external structure of the ASTRI-Horn telescope and devoted to the night sky background evaluation in the UV band. A strong correlation between the considered data was detected. This correlation can be a diagnostic tool to assure the proper behavior of the ASTRI-Horn camera in view of the ASTRI MiniArray implementation. ASTRI-Horn is also equipped with the Variance technique able to sample the level of the pixel signals in absence of showers with an high rate. The method presented in this paper, based on shower images, is a new approach that has never been investigated until now. It does not substitute the Variance, that will the baseline for the background evaluation after exhaustive testings, but it is complementary to it when Variance data are available. This is the only one method working very well, that can be applied whenever the standard Variance method is not operative.
The Ontology of Technology Beyond Anthropocentrism and Determinism: The Role of Technologies in the Constitution of the (post)Anthropocene World
Authors: Blok Vincent 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBecause climate change can be seen as the blind spot of contemporary philosophy of technology, while the destructive side effects of technological progress are no longer deniable, this article reflects on the role of technologies in the constitution of the (post)Anthropocene world. Our first hypothesis is that humanity is not the primary agent involved in world-production, but concrete technologies. Our second hypothesis is that technological inventions at an ontic level have an ontological impact and constitutes world. As we object to classical philosophers of technology like Ihde and Heidegger, we will sketch the progressive contribution of our conceptuality to understand the role of technology in the Anthropocene world. Our third hypothesis is that technology has emancipatory potential and in this respect, can inaugurate a post-Anthropocene World. We consider these three hypotheses to develop a philosophical account of the ontology of technology beyond an abstract and deterministic understanding. This concept enables us to philosophically reflect on the role of technology in the Anthropocene World in general, and its contribution to the transition to the post-Anthropocene World in particular.
The politics of multilateral environmental agreements lessons from 20 years of INEA
Authors: Kalfagianni Agni , Young Oran R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis review article addresses the question: What lessons can we learn from work published in International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics regarding the politics of multilateral environmental agreements? What are the implications of these lessons for those responsible for creating and administering these agreements? Based on an analysis of 147 articles published over the past 20 years, the article explores issues of institutional design, institutional politics, implementation, and effectiveness. It concludes that key conditions for success in this realm include: (a) developing a toolkit that is not limited to rules-based governance, (b) paying attention to matters of implementation, (c) bearing in mind the overall regime complex, (d) developing effective leadership based on credibility and accountability, and (e) allowing for institutional adaptation.