bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Library of Extremely Bulky Amide Ligands, and their use for the Stabilization of Germanium(I) and Germanium(II) Compounds
Authors: Garg Palak , Dange Deepak , Jones Cameron 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEleven new extremely bulky aryl/silyl substituted secondary amines, L1–11H, have been prepared. These incorporate a combination of one of the bulky aryl groups, C6H2{C(H)Ph2}2R‐2,6,4; R=Me (Ar*), Pri (Ar†); C6H2{C(H)(C6H3But2‐3,5)2}2Me‐2,6,4) (Ar#); or C6H2{C(H)(2‐naphthyl)2}2Me‐2,6,4 (Ar¥), and one of the silyl fragments, SiMe3, SiCy3 (Cy=cyclohexyl), SiPri3, Si(p‐C6H4But)3, or Si(OBor)3 (OBor=[(1S)‐endo]‐(−)‐borneoxy). Amines including the latter silyl group represent the first enantiopure examples of this ligand class. All amines are readily deprotonated with n‐butyllithium or KH. Reactions of five alkali metal amide complexes with GeCl2⋅dioxane have given monomeric amido‐germanium(II) chloride complexes, LxGeCl (x=1–4, 7). Treatment of two of these with KOBut afforded monomeric amido‐germanium(II) tert‐butoxide species, LxGeOBut (x=1 or 3). Reductions of two amido‐germanium(II) chloride systems with a dimagnesium(I) compound afforded amido‐digermyne species, LxGeGeLx (x=3 or 4), the X‐ray crystal structures of which show them to possess very short Ge−Ge bonds, with considerable implied multiple bond character.
Legislating Historical Memory in Post-Soviet Ukraine
Authors: Zhurzhenko Tatiana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe decommunization laws adopted in Ukraine in 2015 provoked a number of concerns regarding the freedom of academic research and the potentially divisive effects of the new legislation on the Ukrainian society. The proponents of the decommunization laws, in turn, were referring to the Russian hybrid aggression and security concerns. This chapter addresses current controversies around the legislation of historical memory in war-torn Ukraine which is facing the difficult challenge of preserving both democratic freedoms and national sovereignty. The chapter offers a brief overview of the history of mnemonic legislation in Ukraine since national independence but focuses on the most recent developments in the aftermath of the Euromaidan and the annexation of Crimea by Russia.
Social-Ecological Transformation to Coexist with Wildfire: Reflecting on 18 Years of Participatory Wildfire Governance
Authors: Otero Iago 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe risk of devastating wildfires – exacerbated by climate change – poses a threat to urban areas worldwide. There is a pressing need to strengthen societal efforts to coexist with this perturbation by creating resilient social-ecological systems. To enable this, a significant social-ecological transformation of wildfire-prone regions seems to be required. Here, I reflect on my experience in three projects of participatory wildfire governance conducted in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (Spain) during the last 18 years. The goal is to learn from the experience and to sketch new transformative options to coexist with wildfire. After a literature review on the links between resilience to wildfire, adaptation and transformation, I analyse these projects with regard to their achievements, challenges and potential new transformative avenues. The analysis shows the crucial role that a locally rooted civil society can have when it is able to network with key agencies and actors over the long term. It also shows the importance of developing integrative wildfire planning networks where different ecosystem services and values are considered in successive phases of public deliberation between actors, citizens and wildfire managers. It is concluded that deepening the transdisciplinary content of participatory wildfire governance can increase its transformative potential.
The Design of “Future Work” in Industrial Contexts
Authors: Barcellini Flore 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter proposes to discuss work transformation management as a key issue to designing working conditions to ensure safe, healthy and performant work in a context of technological transitions. Here, we view the design of future work as a transition process and as a set of projects—social, organisational, technological—that will together shape a “future of work”. We consider lessons from the past regarding: (1) cooperation between workers and technology and (2) project management of work transformations, as resources to manage this transition. These lessons will be discussed with reference to ongoing research dealing with introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) or collaborative robotics at work in the French industrial context, as an illustration of the transformation of industry at a global level.
Conjectures and Challenges of Safety Management
Authors: Pariès Jean 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate disruption, changing demographics, globalisation, financialisation, industrial and economic fragmentation and complexification, mass digitalisation are all major changes currently taking place in the world and in societies, and theoretically, they will accelerate by 2030–2040. The impact of these major trends on the strategies for managing industrial safety is a rather underexplored topic that is the subject of this collaborative book. This final chapter looks at some of the lessons from the book and places them in perspective by offering conjectures on the place of the human operator, the responsibility of stakeholders and organisations, the reliability and vulnerability of sociotechnical systems, the strategic vision of safety… Taking into account this range of possibilities and the challenges the industrial sector is facing, it proposes avenues to explore so that, in future, risks continue to be managed to the standards expected by society.
Evolution in the Way of Waging War for Combatants and Military Leaders
Authors: de Boisboissel Gérard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe revolution in systems autonomy is underway. We are at the dawn of a radical change in the use we make of the equipment available to us, with the upcoming and progressive autonomy of this equipment allowing it to adapt to the situation. The danger and complexity of the military world makes it difficult to anticipate the major issues linked to the adoption of these machines, in particular that of the responsibility of the leaders who will allocate their tasks or missions, as well as that of those who design and test these systems. This chapter proposes to list some of the safeguards necessary for their use: the control of these systems by leaders, the necessary confidence in their use and the need to integrate into their embedded software rules to be respected when tasks are executed (rules of engagement linked to the circumstances, or standards not to be violated). It emphasises the absolute role of leaders whose choices must, at all times, prevail over those of AIs, especially in complex situations, and who must ensure the conduct of the manoeuver because they are the guarantor who gives meaning to military action.
Critical Digital Services
Authors: Allspaw John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile the COVID-19 pandemic has brought new attention to how essential Internet-connected services are to society's functioning, there continues to be a dearth of research about how these critical digital services (CDSs) are operated, maintained, and delivered from a cognitive work, human factors, and safety science perspective. Efforts to anticipate what the future of work will look like must consider the challenges and opportunities this now critical domain faces. The conditions are favorable for making progress in studying work in this domain. A small (but growing) community of practitioners in software engineering and operations are enthusiastic about exploring and understanding the cognitive work they engage in every day. There is also (at least, currently) a relative absence of regulatory or procedural barriers that would otherwise hamper productive exploration by researchers.
Between Natural and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Antonsen Stian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlgorithms have always been a key topic in safety science, whether they are governing technology through computer programming or human actors through organisational procedures. However, when the term “algorithm” is not limited to the static pre-programming of expert knowledge algorithms with the ability to change themselves, a new branch of uncertainties appears. With the concepts of epistemic uncertainty and epistemic accidents as a backdrop, I discuss safety-related challenges with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in high-risk industries. The aim is to highlight uncertainties inherent in AI, paradoxes for safety management and risk governance, as well as the human contribution to safety in future.
Senior Mentoring, Skills Transfer Subject to Conditions
Authors: Rodríguez Tania Navarro , Largier Alexandre 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to highlight the main findings of French language studies on senior mentoring. It shows in particular that mentoring is a protean system which can be defined and fashioned by the way it is exercised, by the type of activity that it involves and by the context in which the mentoring practices take place.
Airbus Global Workforce Forecast (GWF)
Authors: Pons Béatrice , Rodriguez Jean-Hugues , Reuzeau Florence 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter is a brief overview of the Global Workforce Forecast (GWF), a document made public by Airbus presenting the results of a large study launched by the group in 2018. The aim of the GWF is to provide every employee, every reader with relevant information and data to be prepared for the 2019–2029 competence challenge the company will face by 2030.
Educational Interface Design and the Role of Artifacts
Authors: Giannakos Michail 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUser interfaces (UI) are an inherent part of any technology with human end-users. The design of the UI depends heavily on the intended end-user and is therefore extremely important for research in both learning technology (where the learner is the end-user) and CCI (where the child is the end-user). Another important concept of learning technology and CCI research (and also in neighboring fields) is that of “artifact”. Artifacts correspond to novel designs (which may be prototype systems, interfaces, materials, or procedures) that have a certain set of qualities or components (such as functionalities and affordances) and that allow us to experiment (e.g., to isolate and test certain components). This chapter describes how researchers can design educational interfaces, visualizations, and other artifacts to support their experiments and enhance learners’ and children’s experience with technology.
Common Types of Experimental Designs in CCI and Learning Technology Research
Authors: Giannakos Michail 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExperiments and experimental studies are used to collect data and build scientific knowledge, and it is one of the primary methodologies for a wide range of disciplines including CCI and learning technology. In this chapter, we provide the basics of experimental research in CCI and learning technology. The goal is to support researchers to gain an understanding of the main methodological decisions and the ways in which experiments can answer RQs. Researchers will also be introduced in evaluating the circumstances that favour (or do not favour) the use of experiments, and how to make the necessary methodological decisions about the type and features of the experiment for CCI and learning technology research.
Developments in Data Science and Artificial Intelligence in Learning Technology and CCI Research
Authors: Giannakos Michail 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis book is focusing on experimental studies in learning technology and CCI research. During the last years, the areas of data science and AI have influenced different aspects of human-factors IT-related research in general and learning technology and CCI research in particular. Therefore, although this book does not provide a deep discussion on how data science and AI have influenced contemporary learning technology and CCI research; in this chapter, we provide a brief presentation of the developments in data science and AI, and the role of those developments in learning technology and CCI research.
Kernelization for Feedback Vertex Set via Elimination Distance to a Forest
Authors: Dekker David , Jansen Bart M. P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study efficient preprocessing for the undirected Feedback Vertex Set problem, a fundamental problem in graph theory which asks for a minimum-sized vertex set whose removal yields an acyclic graph. More precisely, we aim to determine for which parameterizations this problem admits a polynomial kernel. While a characterization is known for the related Vertex Cover problem based on the recently introduced notion of bridge-depth, it remained an open problem whether this could be generalized to Feedback Vertex Set. The answer turns out to be negative; the existence of polynomial kernels for structural parameterizations for Feedback Vertex Set is governed by the elimination distance to a forest. Under the standard assumption $$\textrm{NP}\not \subseteq \textrm{coNP}/\textrm{poly}$$, we prove that for any minor-closed graph class $$\mathcal {G}$$, Feedback Vertex Set parameterized by the size of a modulator to $$\mathcal {G}$$ has a polynomial kernel if and only if $$\mathcal {G}$$ has bounded elimination distance to a forest. This captures and generalizes all existing kernels for structural parameterizations of the Feedback Vertex Set problem.
Can one hear the shape of a wormhole?
Authors: Antonini Stefano , Simidzija Petar , Swingle Brian , Van Raamsdonk Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A large class of flat big bang-big crunch cosmologies with negative cosmological constant are related by analytic continuation to asymptotically AdS traversable wormholes with planar cross section. In recent works (arXiv:2102.05057, arXiv:2203.11220) it was suggested that such wormhole geometries may be dual to a pair of 3D holographic CFTs coupled via auxiliary degrees of freedom to give a theory that confines in the infrared. In this paper, we explore signatures of the presence of such a wormhole in the state of the coupled pair of 3D theories. We explain how the wormhole geometry is reflected in the spectrum of the confining theory and the behavior of two-point functions and entanglement entropies. We provide explicit algorithms to reconstruct the wormhole scale factor (which uniquely determines its geometry) from entanglement entropies, heavy operator two-point functions, or light operator two-point functions (which contain the spectrum information). In the last case, the physics of the bulk scalar field dual to the light operator is closely related to the quantum mechanics of a one-dimensional particle in a potential derived from the scale factor, and the problem of reconstructing the scale factor from the two-point function is directly related to the problem of reconstructing this Schrödinger potential from its spectrum.
A Canonical Complex Structure and the Bosonic Signature Operator for Scalar Fields in Globally Hyperbolic Spacetimes
Authors: Finster Felix , Much Albert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe bosonic signature operator is defined for Klein–Gordon fields and massless scalar fields on globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds of infinite lifetime. The construction is based on an analysis of families of solutions of the Klein–Gordon equation with a varying mass parameter. It makes use of the so-called bosonic mass oscillation property which states that integrating over the mass parameter generates decay of the field at infinity. We derive a canonical decomposition of the solution space of the Klein–Gordon equation into two subspaces, independent of observers or the choice of coordinates. This decomposition endows the solution space with a canonical complex structure. It also gives rise to a distinguished quasi-free state. Taking a suitable limit where the mass tends to zero, we obtain corresponding results for massless fields. Our constructions and results are illustrated in the examples of Minkowski space and ultrastatic spacetimes.
Hypogammaglobulinemia in pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Dimitriades Victoria , Butani Lavjay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInfections remain the most common cause of hospitalization after kidney transplantation, contributing to significant post-transplant morbidity and mortality. There is a growing body of literature that suggests that immunoglobulins may have a significant protective role against post-transplant infections, although the literature remains sparse, inconsistent, and not well publicized among pediatric nephrologists. Of great concern are data indicating a high prevalence of immunoglobulin abnormalities following transplantation and a possible link between these abnormalities and poorer outcomes. Our educational review focuses on the epidemiology and risk factors for the development of immunoglobulin abnormalities after kidney transplantation, the outcomes in patients with low immunoglobulin levels, and studies evaluating possible interventions to correct these immunoglobulin abnormalities.
Allokation von einmalig zu applizierenden Arzneimitteln bei Kindern in globalen Compassionate Use-Programmen
Authors: Miller Clemens 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungCompassionate Use beschreibt die Anwendung zulassungsüberschreitender Arzneimittel für Patient*innengruppen, die an einer lebensbedrohlichen oder zu einer schweren Behinderung führenden Erkrankung leiden, ohne dass eine alternative Therapieoption besteht. An Ärzt*innen vorbei werden solche Programme ausschließlich von Pharmaunternehmen initiiert, was viele ethische Konflikte mit sich bringt. Eine neue Dimension erreichte das 2020 gestartete Programm für Onasemnogenum abeparvovecum zur Therapie von Spinaler Muskelatrophie bei Kindern, welches die Krankheit nach nur einmaliger Gabe stoppen sollte. Die globale Allokation von nur 100 zur Verfügung gestellten Dosierungen per Losverfahren stellte ein Novum bei der Allokation in Compassionate Use-Programmen dar und wurde vielfach kritisiert. Diese Arbeit untersucht mögliche alternative Allokationsprinzipien auf das Beispiel von Onasemnogenum abeparvovecum. Für jedes in Frage kommende Prinzip der Allokation medizinischer Güter bestehen Aspekte, die im Hinblick auf die drängende Zeit und die globale Verteilung bedacht werden müssen. Dies lässt einige Prinzipien wie First-Come-First-Served vernachlässigbar erscheinen. Verbliebene Prinzipien werden hierarchisch geordnet, um einen Algorithmus abzuleiten, der eine Alternative zum Losverfahren darstellen kann. Eine Kombination von Teilnahmebereitschaft bei Forschung, Dringlichkeit und Erfolgsaussicht (bezogen auf die Existenz supportiver Therapieoptionen) kann in ähnlichen Fällen bei zukünftigen globalen Compassionate Use-Programmen bei Kindern erwogen werden. Da universelle Algorithmen nur schwer definierbar sind, sollten Allokationskriterien in jedem Fall durch ein unabhängiges Expert*innengremium diskutiert werden. Sowohl die Konstitution eines solchen Gremiums sowie deren verpflichtende Konsultierung sind gefordert, um für Entlastung aller Beteiligten zu sorgen und Willkür vorzubeugen.
An evolutionary account of impairment of self in cognitive disorders
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio , Adornetti Ines , Ferretti Francesco , Progovac Ljiljana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent research has proposed that certain aspects of psychosis, as experienced in, e.g., schizophrenia (SCZ), but also aspects of other cognitive conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and synesthesia, can be related to a shattered sense of the notion of self. In this paper, our goal is to show that altered processing of self can be attributed to an abnormal functioning of cortico-striatal brain networks supporting, among other, one key human distinctive cognitive ability, namely cross-modality, which plays multiple roles in human cognition and language. Specifically, our hypothesis is that this cognitive mechanism sheds light both on some basic aspects of the minimal self and on some aspects related to higher forms of self, such as the narrative self. We further link the atypical functioning in these conditions to some recent evolutionary changes in our species, specifically, an atypical presentation of human self-domestication (HSD) features. In doing so, we also lean on previous work concerning the link between cognitive disorders and language evolution under the effects of HSD. We further show that this approach can unify both linguistic and non-linguistic symptoms of these conditions through deficits in the notion of self. Our considerations provide further support for the hypothesis that SCZ and ASD are diametrically opposed cognitive conditions, as well for the hypothesis that their etiology is associated with recent human evolution, leading to a deeper understanding of the causes and symptoms of these disorders, and providing new cues, which can be used for an earlier and more accurate diagnostics.
Multitrophic interactions of entomopathogenic fungi in BioControl
Authors: Quesada-Moraga Enrique , Garrido-Jurado Inmaculada , Yousef-Yousef Meelad , González-Mas Natalia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiocontrol with hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi (EF) is a key tool to develop Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for the progressive replacement of synthetic chemical insecticides with more environmentally friendly pest control measures. These fungi stand out among entomopathogens not only for their contact mechanism of infection through the arthropod integument, but also for developing close associations with plants including the endophytic lifestyle and rhizosphere competence that can enable them to make broader contributions to IPM and crop production. Anyhow, the interaction of EF with the plants incorporates multitrophic complexity at different levels including insect pests, plants, and their natural enemies. The aim of the present review was to gather and summarize all available data on multitrophic interactions of EF. These fungi can influence both the chemical ecology of host-plant selection by insect pests and the host or prey selection by parasitoid or predators, respectively. Moreover, EF treatments are compatible with natural enemies in terms of safety and effectiveness, which could allow biocontrol strategies for their synergistic application in IPM programs. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of these multitrophic interactions in longer term, farm-level real-life biocontrol implementation studies will provide new opportunities in plant protection and production.