bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Hydrocobaltation and Borylcobaltation Enable Regioselective Migratory Triborylation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Zhao Yinsong , Ge Shaozhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe structural diversity of sp3‐triorganometallic reagents enhances their potentiality in the modular construction of molecular complexity in chemical synthesis. Despite significant achievements on the preparation of sp3 1,1,1‐ and 1,1,2‐triorganometallic B,B,B‐reagents, catalytic approaches that enable the installation of multiple boryl groups at skipped carbons of unactivated alkenes still remain elusive. Herein, we report a cobalt‐catalyzed selective triborylation reaction of unactivated alkenes to access synthetically versatile 1,1,3‐triborylalkanes. This triborylation protocol provides a general platform for regioselective trifunctionalization of unactivated alkenes, and its utility is highlighted by the synthesis of various value‐added chemicals from readily accessible unactivated alkenes. Mechanistic studies, including deuterium‐labelling experiments and evaluation of potential reactive intermediates, provide insight into the experimentally observed chemo‐ and regioselectivity.
Ultrafast Metal Electrodeposition Revealed by In Situ Optical Imaging and Theoretical Modeling towards Fast‐Charging Zn Battery Chemistry
Authors: Cai Zhao , Wang Jindi , Lu Ziheng , Zhan Renming , Ou Yangtao , Wang Li , Dahbi Mouad , Alami Jones , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil , Sun Yongming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetallic Zn is a preferred anode material for rechargeable aqueous batteries towards a smart grid and renewable energy storage. Understanding how the metal nucleates and grows at the aqueous Zn anode is a critical and challenging step to achieve full reversibility of Zn battery chemistry, especially under fast‐charging conditions. Here, by combining in situ optical imaging and theoretical modeling, we uncover the critical parameters governing the electrodeposition stability of the metallic Zn electrode, that is, the competition among crystallographic thermodynamics, kinetics, and Zn2+‐ion diffusion. Moreover, steady‐state Zn metal plating/stripping with Coulombic efficiency above 99 % is achieved at 10–100 mA cm−2 in a reasonably high concentration (3 M) ZnSO4 electrolyte. Significantly, a long‐term cycling‐stable Zn metal electrode is realized with a depth of discharge of 66.7 % under 50 mA cm−2 in both Zn||Zn symmetrical cells and MnO2||Zn full cells.
Millisecond‐Range Time‐Resolved Bioimaging Enabled through Ultralong Aqueous Phosphorescence Probes
Authors: Cui Mingyue , Dai Peiling , Ding Jiali , Li Manjing , Sun Rong , Jiang Xin , Wu Menglin , Pang Xueke , Liu Mingzhu , Zhao Qiang , Song Bin , He Yao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProbes featuring room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are promising tools for time‐resolved imaging. It is worth noting that the time scale of time‐resolved bioimaging generally ranges around the microsecond level, because of the short‐lived emission. Herein, the first example of millisecond‐range time‐resolved bioimaging is illustrated, which is enabled through a kind of ultralong aqueous phosphorescence probes (i.e., cyclo‐(Arg‐Gly‐AspD‐Tyr‐Cys)‐conjugated zinc‐doped silica nanospheres), with a RTP emission lasting for ≈5 s and a lifetime as long as 743.7 ms. We demonstrate that live cells and deep tumor tissue in mice can be specifically targeted through immune‐phosphorescence imaging, with a high signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) value of ≈69 for in vitro imaging, and ≈627 for in vivo imaging, respectively. We further show that, compared to that of fluorescence imaging, the SBR enhancement of millisecond‐range time‐resolved in vivo bioimaging is up to 105 times.
Molecular and Spin Structures of a Through‐Space Conjugated Triradical System
Authors: Kodama Takuya , Aoba Mitsuya , Hirao Yasukazu , Rivero Samara Medina , Casado Juan , Kubo Takashi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA through‐space conjugated multi‐phenalenyl triradical 1 a has been prepared and characterized. Partial occupancy of doubly degenerate molecular orbitals in 1 a leads to Jahn–Teller distortion, creating a molecular skeleton in which C2v doublet states are lower in energy than undistorted D3h doublet and quartet states. Triradical 1 a exists in an acute form in the solution state, whereas it adopts a preferred obtuse form in the solid state. The results of the investigation show that these two distorted forms are reversibly interconverted by thermal energy.
Bioinformatics approach used in undergraduate research to predict siRNA as ZIKV therapeutics
Authors: Balasubramanian Archana , Chatterjee Jhinuk 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUndergraduate research is an important component of a B.Tech. Biotechnology program. In the present study, a customizable approach designed with open‐source bioinformatics tools and databases was introduced to predict siRNAs for ZIKV therapeutics. With minimal prior exposure to bioinformatics, this workflow can be executed with detailed steps as demonstrated in this paper. All software, databases, and servers used in this research are open‐source, allowing this project‐based learning methodology to be implemented remotely as well. The workflow designed in the present study is flexible and customizable according to the mentor and student's requirements.
Bilateral cytomegalovirus infection of the adrenal glands revealed by 18F‐FDG PET/CT in a patient with T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Van Bogaert Camille , Vierasu Irina , Mathey Céline , Theunissen Aude , Goldman Serge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis case report demonstrates the possible subclinical adrenal and pancreatic involvement in immunocompromised patients (in particular those with lymphoma) with a CMV infection and the role of whole‐body 18F‐FDG PET/CT in detecting these lesions.
Crystal Structures of Iron‐Based Oxides and Their Catalytic Efficiencies for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: A Trend in Alkaline Media
Authors: Sugawara Yuuki , Ueno Satomi , Kamata Keigo , Yamaguchi Takeo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe physical and chemical properties of inorganic materials significantly depend on their crystal structures. Therefore, precise design of structures can promote the development of highly active electrocatalysts. Due to the present environmental issues, it is desirable to establish a structural factor that regulates the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting. Herein, we demonstrate structural descriptors using nine kinds of unreported iron‐based multimetal oxides with complicated structures and 15 kinds of previously reported iron‐based oxides. Density functional theory simulations find that their OER activities cannot be explained by the electronic descriptor, i. e., charge‐transfer energy. In contrast, the OER activities exhibit clear correlations with structural descriptors. To objectively determine the most dominant structural descriptor for OER electrocatalysis on iron‐based oxides, data‐driven machine learning (ML) is exploited. Thus, ML analysis reveals that Fe−O bond length is the most dominant structural descriptor for electrocatalytic OER on iron‐based oxides.
Study on feasibility of the partial meniscal allograft transplantation
Authors: Fan Bao‐Shi , Ye Jing , Xu Bing‐Bing , Sun Ze‐Wen , Zhang Ji‐Ying , Song Shi‐Tang , Wang Xin‐Jie , Song Yi‐Fan , Zhang Zheng‐Zheng , Jiang Dong , Yu Jia‐Kuo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince the meniscus is an important stabilizing structure of the knee joint and has a significant role in load‐bearing and shock absorption, so the complete structural and functional reconstructions of the teared menisci should be done not only after partial meniscectomy but also post total meniscectomy. So far, animal experiments and good clinical practice have showed that TMAT after total meniscectomy has partially solved the problem of structural and functional reconstructions after total meniscectomy. However, partial meniscectomy will also lead to accelerated knee degeneration, and its proportion is much higher than that of patients with total meniscectomy. Herein, the feasibility of PMAT after partial meniscectomy was investigated for the first time by using the 40% posterior horn meniscectomy model of the medial meniscus in Beagle dogs, and also for the first time, TMAT group and the total meniscectomy group were used as control groups. Compared with the TMAT, the transcriptomics evaluation, scanning electron microscope observation, histological regeneration and structure, biomechanical property, inflammation environment, and the knee function post PMAT were more similar to that of normal meniscus was first reported. This study provides a PMAT scheme with clinical translational value for the complete structural and functional reconstruction of the patients with partial meniscectomy and fills the gap in the field of teared meniscus therapy on the basis of quite well clinical applications of the meniscus repair and the TMAT.
A rare case of intracytoplasmic mucin‐rich nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yamaguchi Yohei , Odate Toru , Nakazawa Kumiko , Oishi Naoki , Mochizuki Kunio , Shimizu Tatsuya , Horiuchi Kiwako , Ishii Hiroki , Sakurai Daiju , Kondo Tetsuo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated tumor with a high incidence in Asian countries. NPC is a type of squamous cell carcinoma originating from the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Although rare, NPCs show some uncommon histologic variants; these variations remain to be understood. We described the cytologic characteristics of a rare NPC variant with abundant intracytoplasmic mucin. A 37‐year‐old Japanese man presented to our hospital with bilateral ear discomfort and palpable lymph nodes. Nasopharyngeal biopsy showed tumor cells with abundant intracytoplasmic, Alcian blue‐PAS‐positive mucin. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the tumor cells were positive for p40 and p53. Epstein–Barr encoding region (EBER) in situ hybridization (ISH) showed EBV infection of the tumor cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using MAML2 break‐apart probes did not show split signals. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytology of the metastatic lymph nodes was also performed. Smear samples had a necrotic and inflammatory background with both lymphocyte and neutrophil infiltration. Highly cellular tumor clusters and dispersed cells with naked nuclei were observed. The tumor cells showed a clear cytoplasm with distinct cell borders. Intracytoplasmic mucin pushing the nucleus to the periphery was observed in the scattered tumor cells in a liquid‐based cytology sample. Given these findings, the final diagnosis was advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma; cisplatin‐based chemoradiation therapy was performed as the first‐line treatment. The tumor recurred 8 months after completing the treatment. The recurrent nasopharyngeal tumor was a typical non‐keratinizing NPC and lacked intracytoplasmic mucin.
Channel incision into a submarine landslide on a Carboniferous basin margin, San Juan, Argentina: Evidence for the role of knickpoints
Authors: Allen Charlotte , Gomis‐Cartesio Luz E. , Hodgson David M. , Peakall Jeff , Milana Juan‐Pablo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEmplacement of submarine landslides, or mass‐transport deposits, can radically reshape the physiography of continental margins, and strongly influence subsequent sedimentary processes and dispersal patterns. Typically, progressive healing of the complicated relief generated by the submarine landslide occurs prior to progradation of sedimentary systems. However, subsurface and seabed examples show that submarine channels can incise directly into submarine landslides. Here, the evolution of a unique exhumed example of two adjacent, and partially contemporaneous, submarine channel‐fills is documented. The channels show deep incision (>75 m), and steep lateral margins (up to 70°), cut into a >200 m thick submarine landslide. The stepped basal erosion surface, and multiple terrace surfaces, are mantled by clasts (gravels to cobbles) reflecting periods of bedload‐derived sedimentation, punctuated by phases of downcutting and sediment bypass. The formation of multiple terrace surfaces in a low aspect ratio confinement is consistent with the episodic migration of knickpoints during entrenchment on the dip slope of the underlying submarine landslide. Overlying sandstone‐rich channel‐fills mark a change to aggradation. Laterally stacked channel bodies coincide with steps in the original large‐scale erosion surface, recording widening of the conduit; this is followed by tabular, highly aggradational fill. The upper fill, above a younger erosional surface, shows an abrupt change to partially confined tabular sandstones with normally graded caps, interpreted as lobe fringe deposits, which formed due to down‐dip confinement, followed by prograding lobe deposits. Overlying this, an up‐dip avulsion induced lobe switching and back‐stepping, and subsequent failure of a sandstone body up‐dip led to emplacement of a sandstone‐rich submarine landslide within the conduit. Collectively, this outcrop represents episodic knickpoint‐generated incision, and later infill, of a slope adjusting to equilibrium. The depositional signature of knickpoints is very different from existing models, but is probably reflective of other highly erosional settings undergoing large‐scale slope adjustment.
Quantifying cerebral blood flow in the whole brain in a diffusion model with multiple sources from cerebrovascular structures
Authors: Cho Hyeryoung , Shim Vickie B. , Lee Tae‐Rin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVarious imaging techniques have been developed to visualize the three‐dimensional structures of the brain and cerebrovascular vessels. Recently, several imaging techniques have allowed the measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the whole brain. Despite the rapid development of imaging techniques, numerical methods of predicting CBF are still challenging, due to the complexity of cerebrovascular structure modeling at the clinical level. Additionally, simulation models for oxygen and mass transport from the vasculature to tissues are not available at the clinical level due to the lack of knowledge in the field of microvascular transport. In this study, we propose a computational method to quantify CBF in the whole brain, linking cerebrovascular transport, and brain tissue perfusion. To simplify the linking process, the microvascular transport of blood was treated as a diffusion process. The concentration of CBF was predicted using our novel computational method. Furthermore, we investigated changes in CBF in cases where the blood supply to specific areas of the brain were blocked by disrupted vessels.
Use of medical services in Chile: How sensitive are the results to different econometric models?
Authors: Chovar Vera Alejandra , Vásquez Lavín Felipe , Paraje Pisoni Guillermo , Barrientos Cifuentes Manuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe compared different econometric specifications to model the use of medical services in Chile, focussing on visits to general practitioners and specialist physicians.MethodsThe evaluated models are the Poisson, Negative Binomial, Zero Inflated Poisson and Negative Binomial, two‐step Hurdle model, sample‐selection Poisson, and Latent Class model. These models were estimated using Chilean data for the years 2009 and 2015, separated by gender.ResultsUnlike previous literature that supported the use of the latent class model, our results show that the latent class model is not always the model with the best goodness of fit. Furthermore, the model with the best fit is not necessarily the model with the best predictive power. For instance, depending on the year and medical services, either the latent class model or the sample‐selection Poisson model performs better than the other models. The results also show that the selection of the econometric model may have implications for the estimated influence that variables such as age, income, or affiliation to the public versus private sector have on the use of medical services.ConclusionUsing Chilean data, we have tested that the selection of an econometric method to model the use of medical services is not a problem with a unique answer. We recommend performing a sensitivity analysis of goodness of fit and predictive power between gender, healthcare services, or different years of datasets in future applications to be sure about the best model specification in each context.
Charge transfer of carbon nanomaterials for efficient metal‐free electrocatalysis
Authors: Paul Rajib , Zhai Qingfeng , Roy Ajit K. , Dai Liming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts (C‐MFECs) have drawn considerable research attention because of their attractive physicochemical characteristics, cost‐effectiveness, and ability to convert and store energy efficiently. Efficient intramolecular charge transfer among different parts of the carbon electrocatalyst and/or intermolecular charge transfer between electrocatalyst and electrolyte dictate the ultimate energy conversion performance. Experimental results and theoretical analyses have demonstrated that rational design of metal‐free carbon nanomaterials, coupled with proper intramolecular charge transfer through heteroatom doping, incorporation of Stone–Wales defects, and/or intermolecular charge transfer through adsorption of appropriate molecules/moieties, can promote efficient electrocatalysis. In this article, we will first provide the related theoretical principles and then present an overview on the rational design and development of C‐MFECs for efficient charge transfer, followed by elucidating charge‐transfer processes for different electrocatalytic reactions related to renewable energy conversion and environmental remediation technologies. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives in this exciting field will be discussed.
Evaluation of the quality of maternal death review cycles in Burkina Faso
Authors: Congo Boukaré , Méda Clément Z. , Millogo Tieba , Sanon/Ouédraogo Djénéba , Ouédraogo Charlemagne M.R. , Kouanda Seni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the quality of the maternal death review (MDR) cycle in selected health facilities in Burkina Faso in accordance with national standards.MethodsA multiple case study using a qualitative approach performed in five health districts and two regional hospital centers in Burkina Faso. The facilities were chosen by contrasted purposive sampling based on hospital maternal mortality rate and urban or rural location. Structured and semistructured interviews were conducted and data analyzed thematically, horizontally, and vertically.ResultsOf the seven facilities included, six performed MDR. The MDR cycle was incomplete in five facilities because the implementation of recommendations had not been assessed. All cases of maternal death lacked vital information. Case analysis was not conducted in accordance with the national standards in most of the facilities. The action plans for implementing recommendations were not commonly used.ConclusionThe MDR process and its various stages did not meet quality standards. Identifying the determinants leading to lack of adherence to MDR standards will contribute to optimal choice of interventions and improving good practices in health facilities.
Surface wear in a custom manufactured temporomandibular joint prosthesis
Authors: De Meurechy Nikolas , Aktan Merve Kübra , Boeckmans Bart , Huys Stijn , Verwilghen Denis R. , Braem Annabel , Mommaerts Maurice Y. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe wear of a novel temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis was evaluated in an animal model. The prosthesis consisted of an additively manufactured titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa created through selective laser melting, with a machined vitamin E‐enriched ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) surface attached to the fossa. Thirteen TMJ prosthesis were implanted in sheep, six of which had condylar heads coated with HadSat® diamond‐like carbon (H‐DLC). Euthanasia took place after 288 days, equaling 22 years of human mastication. Linear and volumetric wear analysis of the fossa was performed by optical scanning. The condylar head surfaces were assessed by scanning electron and confocal laser microscopy. The average linear UHMWPE wear, when combined with the coated condyle, was 0.67 ± 0.28 mm (range: 0.34–1.15 mm), not significantly differing (p = .3765, t‐test) from the non‐coated combination average (0.88 ± 0.41 mm; range: 0.28–1.48 mm). The respective mean volumetric wear volumes were 25.29 ± 11.43 mm3 and 45.85 ± 22.01 mm3, not significantly differing (p = .1448, t‐test). Analysis of the coated condylar surface produced a mean Ra of 0.12 ± 0.04 μm and Sa of 0.69 ± 0.07 μm. The non‐coated condylar surface measured a mean Ra of 0.28 ± 0.17 μm and Sa of 2.40 ± 2.08 μm. Both Sa (p = .0083, Mann–Whitney U test) and Ra (p = .0182, Mann–Whitney U test), differed significantly. The prosthesis exhibits acceptable wear resistance and addition of the H‐DLC‐coating significantly improved long‐term condylar surface smoothness.
Transcription Factor Hematopoietically Expressed Homeobox Protein (Hhex) Negatively Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation by Controlling Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Watanabe Hisato , Okada Hiroyuki , Hirose Jun , Omata Yasunori , Matsumoto Takumi , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Saito Taku , Miyamoto Takeshi , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTWe investigated the role of hematopoietically expressed homeobox protein (Hhex) in osteoclast development. Trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 at the cis‐regulatory element of Hhex was maintained and that of lysine 4 was reduced during receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis, which was associated with a reduction of Hhex expression. Overexpression of Hhex in bone marrow–derived macrophages inhibited, whereas Hhex suppression promoted, RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Conditional deletion of Hhex in osteoclast‐lineage cells promoted osteoclastogenesis and reduced cancellous bone volume in mice, confirming the negative regulatory role of Hhex in osteoclast differentiation. Expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors such as Cdkn2a and Cdkn1b in osteoclast precursors was negatively regulated by Hhex, and Hhex deletion increased the ratio of cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In conclusion, Hhex is an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation that is regulated in an epigenetic manner and regulates the cell cycle of osteoclast precursors and the skeletal homeostasis. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.