bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CASPR2 Neurological Autoimmunity in Children
Authors: Wu Liwen , Cai Fang , Zhuo Zhihong , Wu Dejun , Zhang Tianyi , Yang Haiyang , Fang Hongjun , Xiao Zhenghui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
To identify the clinical features of CASPR2 neurological autoimmunity in children and to strengthen the understanding of the disease for developing diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Methods
A multicenter retrospective analysis and prospective observation of CASPR2 autoimmunity in the past 7 years was conducted.
Results
Twenty-six anti-CASPR2-positive patients were enrolled in this study, including 25 with serum positivity and 3 with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) positivity (2 patients with both serum and CSF positivity); 3 patients were co-positive with anti-NMDAR antibody and 1 was copositive with anti-GABABR antibody. Eleven patients (6 manifesting with refractory epilepsy, 4 manifesting with psychobehavioral abnormalities and 1 accompanied with germinoma) presented with low antibody titers, relatively normal MRI/EEG/CSF examinations, and poor response to immunotherapy and were thus considered false positive (42.3%). Fifteen patients were diagnosed with anti-CASPR2-related neurological autoimmunity: 10 with autoimmune encephalitis (including 2 manifested as Morvan syndrome and 1 whose condition was secondary to Japanese encephalitis), 4 with typical clinical features of autoimmune encephalopathy, and 1 with autoimmune cerebellitis. The most common symptoms included disorders of consciousness (10/15), fever (8/15), psychological symptoms/abnormal behaviors (8/15), sleep disorders (8/15), seizures (7/15), movement disorders (5/15), autonomic symptoms (5/15), peripheral nerve hyperexcitability/neuromyotonia (5/14) and weakness/hemiplegia (4/15). Brain MRI revealed abnormalities in 10 patients (66.7%). The most common sites of lesions were the cerebral cortex (6/15, widely distributed across the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes) and thalamus (5/15). Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings revealed a slow wave background in 13 patients (86.7%). Five of 15 patients showed elevated WBCs in the CSF, and 4 of 15 patients showed elevated protein levels in the CSF. Thirteen patients received immunotherapy (rituximab was adopted in 2 cases) and recovered well. Two patients received symptomatic treatment, and the recovery was slow and accompanied by emotional abnormalities and developmental delay.
Conclusions
CASPR2 autoantibody disease is not very rare in children and can occur in infancy. The most common clinical phenotypes of CASPR2-related autoimmunity were encephalitis phenotype, including Morvan syndrome and cerebellar ataxia. We also first reported a case of autoimmune encephalitis secondary to Japanese encephalitis. The prognosis of this disease is good, and rituximab can be used in patients who respond poorly to conventional immunotherapy. The high false-positive rate of anti-CASPR2 in refractory epilepsy and the psychobehavioral abnormalities needs to be explored further.
Chronic hypoxia leads to cognitive impairment by promoting HIF-2 alpha -mediated alpha-synuclein hyperphosphorylation
Authors: Li Gaifen , Liu Jia , Guo Mengyuan , Gu Yakun , Guan Yuying , Shao Qianqian , Ma Wei , Ji Xunming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment is involved in various central nervous system diseases. Hypoxia is a critical common factor that induces cognitive impairment, but its specific molecular mechanism remains unclear. Understanding the mechanism of cognitive impairment induced by hypoxia will provide potential molecular targets for the intervention of cognitive disorders.Methods: We used hypoxic chambers to establish a chronic hypoxic model in mice. Cognitive impairment, hippocampal neurodegeneration, and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) pathology were assessed in these mice. The α-syn knockout mice or mice administered a competing peptide targeting serine 129 (ser129) were used to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of α-syn pathology in chronic hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. Finally, we investigated the protective role of intermittent hypoxia preconditioning in chronic hypoxia-induced α-syn pathology and cognitive impairment.Results: Chronic hypoxia resulted in α-syn hyperphosphorylation at ser129 and protein aggregation, hippocampal neurodegeneration, and irreversible cognitive deficits. The latter could be reversed by α-syn knockdown or an administered short peptide competing at α-syn ser129. These results suggest that α-syn hyperphosphorylation at ser129 mediates hippocampal degeneration and cognitive impairment following chronic hypoxia. Furthermore, we found that chronic hypoxia enhanced ceramide catabolism by inducing hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α and HIF-2α-dependent transcriptional activation of alkaline ceramidase 2 (Acer2). Thus, the enzymatic activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a specific phosphatase for α-syn, is inhibited, leading to sustained induction of α-syn hyperphosphorylation and aggregation. Finally, we found that enhancing hypoxia tolerance through intermittent hypoxic preconditioning protected against subsequent chronic hypoxia-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment by preventing α-syn pathology. Conclusion: These results proved the critical role of α-syn pathology in hypoxia-afforded cognitive impairment and revealed a novel mechanism underlying hypoxic-specific induction of cognitive impairment. The findings bear implications in developing novel therapeutic interventions for hypoxia-related cognitive disorders.
Soluble TREM2 induces microglia dysfunction and brain damage while cleavage-reduced TREM2 shows sustained microglia activation with enhanced remyelination in the cuprizone model
Authors: Beckmann Nicolau , Neuhaus Anna , Zurbruegg Stefan , Joller Stefanie , Feuerbach Dominik , Doelemeyer Arno , Schweizer Tatjana , Rudin Stefan , Neumann Ulf , Berth Ramon , Frieauff Wilfried , Gasparini Fabrizio , Shimshek Derya R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a cell-surface immunoreceptor expressed on microglia, osteoclasts and monocytes/macrophages. In humans, homozygous loss-of-function mutation carriers exhibit bone cysts and fractures with an early-onset frontal lobe syndrome and progressive presenile dementia known as Nasu-Hakola. Neuropathological findings include myelin/neuronal loss and neuroinflammation. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in TREM2 has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer`s disease and Frontotemporal Dementia. We investigated the involvement of soluble and cleavage-reduced TREM2 on central myelination processes by using different gene-modified animals expressing (cleavage-reduced (TREM2-IPD), soluble-only (TREM2-sol), knock-out (TREM2-KO) TREM2and wildtype (WT) mice in the cuprizone model.. In the acute cuprizone model all genotypes showed demyelination detected by T2-weighted signal intensity increase in Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), most prominent in the external capsule (EC) and less in the corpus callosum. In the 4-week recovery phase a partial signal reduction in WT and TREM2-IPD was observed, while in TREM2-sol and TREM2-KO showed an increase in MRI signal in the EC. In TREM2-IPD histology revealed no recovery of neuroinflammation as well as of the lysosomal marker LAMP-1, which was also evidenced in enhanced cytokine/chemokine levels. This persistent microgliosis and astrocytosis was also observed in TREM2-sol, to a lesser extent in TREM2-KO during recovery with both homeostatic (TMEM119) as well as activated (LAMP-1) microglia markers increased. An increase in cytokines/chemokines was not evident. This was accompanied, specifically in the EC with no myelin recovery, appearance of myelin debris and axonal pathology, while oligodendrocytes recovered. In the chronic cuprizone model TREM2-IPD displayed sustained microgliosis and enhanced remyelination in the recovery phase. Taken together, our data suggest that sustained microglia activation leads to increased remyelination, whereas microglia without membrane-functional or complete loss of TREM2 results in a dysfunctional phenotype with improper myelin debris removal, lack of remyelination and axonal pathology.
Development of an intrinsic health risk prediction model for camera-based monitoring of older adults living alone
Authors: Youm Sekyoung , Kim Minji , Hong Songiee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, drastic changes in the social service system for the care and safety of vulnerable social groups are urgently required in South Korea. It is interesting whether welfare technology can temporarily replace or supplement traditional care services, originally performed by trained human resources and further can be applied in a closed and non-contact living space. Therefore, efforts are being made to converge various intelligent information technologies such as artificial intelligence, robots, and IoT in care services. Considering the limitations of the "National Emergency Notification System,” which was first implemented for older adults living alone in Korea, we performed to establish a monitoring system that can measure health-threatening behaviors, social isolation, and self-neglect of older adults living alone using RGB video data and the latest deep learning methodologies. We would like to suggest future applicability of welfare technology, which can aid in active health care management instead of just simple monitoring. Such a welfare technology can provide a new alternative form of social service to increasing aging population in single-person households and to overcome changes in elder care environment
Hysteroscopic resection of type 3 fibroids improve pregnancy outcomes in infertile women: a case-control study
Authors: Han Ying , Yao Ruqiang , Zhang Yinfeng , Yang Zexin , Luo Haining , Wang XinYan , Du Aijun , Zhang Yunshan , Zhu Yingjun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Evaluate the effect of hysteroscopic resection of type 3 fibroids on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women.Methods: Patients who underwent IVF-ICSI in our unit were divided into type 3 fibroids group and hysteroscopic myomectomy group according to whether or not they underwent ultrasound-guided hysteroscopic myomectomy. The control group in our study was selected from patients who were treated with IVF only because of fallopian tube factors. According to the age of the type 3 fibroids group and hysteroscopic myomectomy group, random sampling was carried out in patients between 25 to 47 years to determine a control group. The outcomes measured included average transfer times to live birth, cumulative clinical pregnancy rate, and cumulative live birth rate.Results: A total 386 cycles were enrolled in our study, including 125 cycles with type 3 fibroids, 122 cycles with hysteroscopic myomectomy, and 139 cycles of control patients. Average transfer times to live birth were significantly higher in the type 3 fibroids group than the other two groups. The frequency of cumulative live births in the type 3 fibroids group was significantly lower than control group. Compared with the control group, hysteroscopic myomectomy patients had no statistically significant differences in the rates of cumulative clinical pregnancy rate and cumulative live birth rate.Conclusions: Type 3 fibroids reduced the cumulative live birth rate of IVF patients. Ultrasound-guided hysteroscopic myomectomy can be used as a treatment for type 3 fibroids, to improve pregnancy outcomes in infertile women.
3M MicrofoamTM Surgical Tape Prevents Nasal Pressure Injury Associated with Nasotracheal Intubation. A Randomized Double-Blind Trial
Authors: HASHIMOTO Mayumi , SATO(BOKU) Aiji , SENTO Yoshiki , KAMIMURA Yuji , KAKO Eisuke , OKUDA Masahiro , TACHI Naoko , OKUMURA Yoko , KURODA Izumi , HOSHIJIMA Hiroshi , ITO Hidekazu , SOBUE Kazuya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
ː 3M Microfoam™ Surgical Tape (3ST: 3M Japan Limited) is a surgical tape used for pressure wound control of medical equipment and has characteristics of being cushioned and fitting to any body part. Herein, we investigated whether 3ST prevents nasotracheal intubation (NTI)-associated nasal pressure injury.
METHODS
ː We conducted a prospective, randomized double-blind study, enrolling 63 patients aged 20–70 years, who were subjected to general anesthesia with NTI and divided into two groups; those treated with 3ST (group S; n = 31) and control (group C; n = 31). After NTI and before securing the nasotracheal tube a 35 × 25 mm 3ST was used to protect the nasal wing in group S, and the nasotracheal tube was fixed in place after NTI without protection in group C. The primary outcome was the presence or absence of nasal pressure injury after extubation. Chi-Square test was used to assess the association between the two categorical variables.
RESULTS
ː Nasal pressure injury was observed in 7 and 19 patients from groups S and C, respectively, representing a significant difference between the two groups (24.1% vs. 67.8%, P = 0.001). None of the patients developed ulcers.
CONCLUSIONS
ː 3ST prevents NTI-associated nasal pressure injury.
A New Experimental Model of Krypton Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in Tree Shrew
Authors: LIU Xiao-Chen , WU Min 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study was designed to establish a new choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model on tree shrew, and evaluate whether it is an ideal experimental animal model for CNV-related research.
Methods
60 tree shrews (60 eyes) were divided into one normal group and five experimental groups. Krypton laser photocoagulation was applied for CNV induction on tree shrew. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) were examined at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after laser. The pathological performance was observed by pathological section. The expression of multiple angiogenesis-related factors during CNV formation were checked by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
Results
According to FFA and ICGA findings, success rate of CNV modeling on tree shrew was 70%. OCT showed the formation of typical CNV lesions on tree shrew. F-VEP indicated characteristic decrease of N1-P1 wave amplitude after CNV development. Pathological examination showed thin-walled new blood vessels emerging from choroid. The significant increased/decreased expression of angiogenesis-related factors were detected by qRT-PCR.
Conclusions
Krypton laser photocoagulation can successfully induce the CNV model on tree shrew with high success rate. The tree shrew CNV model could be widely accessible to CNV-related research.
Effectiveness of a Health Technician-delivered Brief Intervention for alcohol A Bayesian reanalysis of a clinical trial
Authors: Barticevic Nicolas Antonio , Poblete Fernando , Bradshaw Laura , Bendtsen Marcus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective:
To reanalyze a clinical trial on the effectiveness of a Brief Intervention (BI) delivered by non-professionals to reduce risky alcohol drinking. Our previous null-hypothesis test of the effects of the BI yielded a ‘non-significant’ p-value, yet remained uninformative. Here we use the Bayesian paradigm which allows for expressing the probability of different effect sizes to better inform public policy decisions.
Results:
The posterior probability of the odds of risky drinking at follow-up favored a marked effect of the BI, with 96% of the probability mass being less than OR = 1, and 84% being less than OR = 0.8. Our findings show that there is a high probability that the BI delivered by health technicians lowered risky alcohol use. The posterior distributions of the BI’s effects are presented to help contextualize the evidence for policy making in Chile.
Radiomic phenotype of epicardial adipose tissue in the prognosis of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation in patients with isolated atrial fibrillation.
Authors: Ilyushenkova Julia , Sazonova Svetlana , Popov Evgeny , Zavadovsky Konstantin , Batalov Roman , Archakov Evgeny , Moskovskih Tatyana , Popov Sergey , Minin Stanislav , Romanov Alexander 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

BackgroundTo estimate the utility of pre-procedural CT-radiomic analysis of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and to identify patients at risk for isolated atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation (CA).MethodsThe study population (63 patients) consisted of study group (Group 1) and comparative group (Group 2). 43 patients with isolated AF referred for CA. Before CA, all of them underwent multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography. Segmentation and subsequent radiomic analysis of EAT were performed on calcium scoring series of 3D DICOM images using by 3D-Slicer. ResultsEpicardial adipose tissue in patients with isolated AF had a distinct radiomic phenotype. Thus, 45 of 93 calculated radiomic parameters of EAT, as well as EAT volume and attenuation, were significantly different between patients with isolated AF (Group 1) and persons without any arrhythmia (Group 2). Moreover, 17 radiomic parameters were significantly different in subgroups with and without AF recurrence (Group 1a and Group 1b). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that among all radiomic parameters only Gray Level Non-Uniformity Normalized (GLSZM) was an independent predictor of AF recurrence (OR 0.10027, 95%CI 1.0009-1.0044, p=0.002). ROC-curve analysis data showed that GLSZM >1227.4 indicates high probability of AF recurrence during 12 months (sensitivity 89.4 %, specificity 70.8 %, AUC: 0.809; p=0.001).ConclusionThe radiomic parameter GLSZM is associated with late AF recurrence after CA in patients with isolated AF. In current study GLSZM was a stronger predictor of isolated AF recurrence in multivariate analysis comparing with other established risk factors and EAT volume and attenuation.
Lower fiber consumption in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Leung Wing-Ting , Tang Zhi-Jing , Feng Yuan-Yuan , Guan Hai-Yun , Huang Zeng-Shu , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder of reproductive women which is associated with metabolic abnormalities and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The deficiency of dietary fiber, a crucial nutrient in daily diet, is also associated with a wide range of metabolic and reproductive abnormalities, and an altered gut microbial ecosystem. This study is a meta-analysis to summarize the available evidence on dietary fiber intake level in PCOS patients. Databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for observational studies and 13 studies were finally included. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of daily dietary fiber intake and total energy intake were calculated using random-effect model. The pooled result (12 studies) on absolute dietary fiber intake showed that while there was no significant difference in the total energy intake [− 0.17 (− 0.44, − 0.009), P = 0.208], the dietary fiber intake was significantly lower in PCOS women than those of controls [− 0.32 (− 0.50, − 0.14), P < 0.001]. However, significant heterogeneity was detected across the studies (I2 = 65.6%, P = 0.001). Meta-regression suggested that geographic region and dietary assessment method may confer borderline significance of influence on the heterogeneity. The pooled result (2 studies) on dietary fiber intake which adjusted for total energy intake, however, showed no significant difference [−2.11 (− 4.77, 0.56), P = 0.122]. In subgroup analyses based on absolute dietary fiber intake, a lower dietary fiber intake in PCOS was observed in the studies which conducted in Asia, or studies which adopted food diary or records or food recall as dietary assessment method, or studies which had a case-control study design, or used Rotterdam criteria for PCOS definition. The difference of SMD was still significant in adult subgroup or in studies matched or unmatched for age.
Prevalence, awareness and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk factors in Chinese elderly population
Authors: Liu Qing , Yan Yaqiong , Wu Tingting , Zhang Miao , Li Changfeng , Li Fang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an expanding global public health issue, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, awareness and control rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and assess its risk factors in elderly Chinese individuals.Methods: The health screening data of 376,702 individuals aged ≥65 years in Wuhan, China, were collected to analyse the prevalence, awareness, and control rates of diabetes. Indices, including fasting plasma glucose and other biochemical indicators, were measured for all participants using standard methods at the central laboratory. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the key determinants of the prevalence, awareness, and control rates of diabetes.Results: The prevalence, awareness, and control rates of diabetes in the Chinese individuals aged ≥65 years were 18.80%, 77.14%, and 41.33%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence, awareness, and control rates by gender. Factors associated with diabetes prevalence were age, body mass index (BMI), and central obesity; while those associated with awareness and control were gender, education level, marital status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, BMI, and central obesity.Conclusions: Diabetes is an important public health problem in the elderly in China. The awareness and control rates have improved, but overall remained poor. Therefore, effective measures to raise awareness and control the rates of diabetes should be undertaken to circumvent the growing disease burden in elderly Chinese people.