bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the time of HIV infection, diagnosis and treatment delays based on HIV notification data in Northwest China, 2008–19
Authors: Zhao Rui , Zhang Hailan , Zhao Xin , Zhuang Tianyi , Fairley Christopher K. , Ong Jason J. , He Shiyi , Bai Lu , Hocking Jane , Zhang Lei , Wei Xiaoli , Zhuang Guihua 
Published: September 2022

Background Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for reducing HIV transmission; therefore, estimating the time from HIV infection to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation becomes particularly important for people living with HIV. Methods We used a well-characterised CD4 depletion model to estimate the time from HIV infection to initiation of ART and the rate of delayed HIV diagnosis (infection to diagnosis >1 year) and treatment initiation (diagnosis to treatment >1 year), based on HIV notification data for adults (aged ≥18 years) in Xi’an city, China, during 2008–19. Results Overall, 7402 reported HIV diagnoses were included. We estimated more than two-thirds of HIV infections remained undiagnosed (66.1%, 9489/14 345). The estimated proportion of HIV diagnoses that were delayed (>1 year) was 80.3% (5941/7402) during 2008–19, and it increased from 72.7% (32/44) in 2008 to 83.5% (908/1088) in 2019. In contrast, the proportion of cases with delayed treatment (>1 year) was 13.1% (971/7402) during 2008–19, and it reduced from 75.0% (33/44) in 2008 to 1.5% (16/1088) in 2019. The estimated median time from HIV infection to diagnosis increased from 5.05 (IQR, 0.27–8.15) years to 5.81 (IQR, 2.31–10.28) years, whereas the time from diagnosis to ART initiation reduced from 3.06 (IQR, 1.01–5.20) years in 2008 to 0.07 (IQR, 0.04–0.12) year in 2019. Conclusions Early treatment after diagnosis has significantly improved, but timely diagnosis of HIV infections may still require further improvement. The estimated proportion of undiagnosed HIV cases remains high in 2019 in Xi’an city and is likely to impede effective control.
Revisiting timelike and null geodesics in the Schwarzschild spacetime: general expressions in terms of Weierstrass elliptic functions
Authors: Cieślik Adam , Mach Patryk 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The theory of Schwarzschild geodesics is revisited. Basing on a result by Weierstrass and Biermann, we derive a formula describing all non radial, timelike and null trajectories in terms of Weierstrass elliptic functions. Quite remarkably, a single formula works for an entire geodesic trajectory, even if it passes through turning points. Using this formula, we derive expressions for the proper and coordinate time along the geodesic.
A method for detecting unbond defects of absorbing coatings
Authors: Tu Yihang , Li Ji , Long Jiawei , Qin Lin , Zhang Yunpeng , Qiu Yang , Ge Meng , Zheng Hu , Li En 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The nondestructive test (NDT) of microwave absorbing coatings plays a very important role in radar stealth and electromagnetic compatibility. In various NDT methods, microwave thermography has shown good potential. This method uses a thermal imager to measure the surface thermal profile of absorbing coatings which are heated by microwaves. In this paper, the application of microwave thermography in defect detection of absorbing coatings is presented. Specifically, the measurement principle of microwave thermography is studied by theoretical analysis and simulation, and the influence of thermal diffusion upon defect recognition has been discussed. On this basis, an improved morphological edge detection algorithm based on dual-threshold segmentation has been proposed to get defect features. Finally, research shows that this algorithm can reduce the influence of thermal diffusion in the detection of defect geometric features.
A gas–solid flow pattern identification algorithm based on cross-rod electrostatic sensor array
Authors: Wang Yuang , Cheng Xuezhen , Li Jiming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The accurate identification of gas–solid two-phase flow patterns is an important but challenging subject for pneumatic conveying. In this study, the sensitivity deficiencies of a single electrode were analysed via finite element analysis and a more sensitive cross-rod electrostatic sensor array structure was designed to measure the flow pattern signals. The experiment used Geldart D particles to verify the feasibility of the designed sensor array. Three types of feature vectors were extracted: the mean value, variance, and energy ratio. To identify the flow pattern accurately, the sine–cosine algorithm (SCA) is exploited to optimise the smoothing factor critical for a probabilistic neural network (PNN), namely SCA-PNN. The identification results show that the identification accuracy of the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional PNN, the back propagation neural network (BPNN) and the support vector machine (SVM).
Fe2O3nanoparticles anchored on thermally oxidized MWCNTs as anode material for lithium-ion battery
Authors: Meng Xiaoru , Huang Jingrui , Zhu Guangzhao , Xu Yan , Zhu Shoupu , Li Qi , Chen Ming , Lin Meng-Chang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThermally oxidized MWCNTs (OMWCNTs) are fabricated by a thermal treatment of MWCNTs at 500 °C for 3 h in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. The oxygen content of OMWCNTs increases from 1.9 wt% for MWCNTs to 8.3 wt%. And the BET specific surface area of OMWCNTs enhances from 254.2 m2g−1for MWCNTs to 496.1 m2g−1. The Fe2O3/OMWCNTs nanocomposite is prepared by a hydrothermal method. Electrochemical measurements show that Fe2O3/OMWCNTs still keeps a highly reversible specific capacity of 653.6 mA h g−1after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, which shows an obviously higher capacity than the sum of that of single Fe2O3and OMWCNTs. The OMWCNTs not only buffer the volume changes of Fe2O3nanoparticles but also provide high-speed electronic transmission channels in the charge–discharge process. The thermal oxidation method of OMWCNTs avoids using strong corrosive acids such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid, which has the advantages of safety, environmental protection, macroscopic preparation, etc.
A computationally assisted technique to measure material-specific surface coefficients in capacitively coupled plasmas based on characteristics of the ion flux-energy distribution function
Authors: Schulze C , Donkó Z , Benedikt J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a new method for the determination of surface coefficients, more specifically the effective ion-induced secondary electron yield, γ
eff, and the effective elastic electron reflection coefficient, r
eff, by means of a synergistic combination of energy-selective mass spectrometry measurements and numerical particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions simulations of the ion flux-energy distribution function (IEDF) in a symmetric capacitively coupled plasma (CCP). In particular, we analyze the bimodal peak structure of the IEDF, which is caused by ions crossing the sheath without collisions. The position and width of this structure on the energy scale are defined by the time-averaged sheath potential and the ion transit time through the sheath, respectively. We find that both characteristics are differently influenced by γ
eff and r
eff. The ion-induced secondary electrons are accelerated in the large sheath potential and mainly influence the plasma density, sheath width and, consequently, the ion transit time and in this way the bimodal peak separation. Electron reflection from the electrodes acts mainly at times of sheath collapse, where low energy electrons can reach the surfaces. Their contribution to the plasma density increase is small, however, their longer residence time in the vicinity of the electrodes modifies the space charge density and the potential gradient. Additionally, the charge balance at the electrode requires an incident electron flux that is correlated to the flux of emitted ion induced secondary electrons and reflected electrons, which is realized by a change of the electron repelling sheath voltage. As a consequence, the electron reflection coefficient mainly influences the sheath potential and, hence, the position of the bimodal peak structure. These effects allow the simultaneous in situ determination of both surface parameters. The parameter values determined for stainless steel and Al2O3 surfaces are in good agreement with literature data. Our method opens a straightforward way of obtaining γ
eff and r
eff under realistic plasma conditions.
A review of wireless power transfer using magnetoelectric structures
Authors: Saha Orpita , Truong Binh Duc , Roundy Shad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Wireless power transfer (WPT) has received increasing attention primarily as a means of recharging batteries in the last few decades. More recently, magnetoelectric (ME) structures have been investigated as alternative receiving antennas in WPT systems. ME structures can be particularly useful for small scale devices since their optimal size is much smaller than traditional receiving coils for a given operating frequency. WPT systems using ME laminate receivers have been shown to be helpful in wirelessly powering various sensors and biomedical implants. In recent years, a large number of studies have been conducted to improve the performance of ME composites, in which various configurations have been proposed, along with the use of different magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials. In addition, many efforts have been devoted to miniaturizing ME devices. An essential obstacle to overcome is to eliminate the need for a DC bias field that is commonly required for the operation of ME structures. In this review paper, we will discuss the basic principle of ME effects in composites, materials currently in use, various ME receiver structures, performance measures, limitations, challenges, and future perspectives for the field of WPT. Furthermore, we propose a power figure of merit which we use to compare recent ME WPT research papers.
Artificial intelligence-based models for reconstructing the critical current and index-value surfaces of HTS tapes
Authors: Russo Giacomo , Yazdani-Asrami Mohammad , Scheda Riccardo , Morandi Antonio , Diciotti Stefano 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For modelling superconductors, interpolation and analytical formulas are commonly used to consider the relationship between the critical current density and other electromagnetic and physical quantities. However, look-up tables are not available in all modelling and coding environments, and interpolation methods must be manually implemented. Moreover, analytical formulas only approximate real physics of superconductors and, in many cases, lack a high level of accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new approach for addressing this problem involving artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for reconstructing the critical surface of high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes and predicting their index value known as n-value. Different AI models were proposed and implemented, relying on a public experimental database for electromagnetic specifications of HTS tapes, including artificial neural networks (ANN), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and kernel ridge regressor (KRR). The ANN model was the most accurate in predicting the critical current of HTS materials, performing goodness of fit very close to 1 and extremely low root mean squared error. The XGBoost model proved to be the fastest method, with training computational times under 1 s; whilst KRR could be used as an alternative solution with intermediate performance.
Study on filament width of type-I ELM in EAST using VUV imaging system and simulation
Authors: Ming T.F. , Tang T.F. , Shi Q.Q. , Long F.F. , Hou S.W. , Deng R.J. , Xia T.Y. , Zhang X.X. , Lian H. , Wu X.H. , Fan H.C. , Li B. , Li G.Q. , Liu H.Q. , Zang Q. , Wu M.Q. , Li H. , Hao B.L. , Zhu X. , Gao X. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The poloidal width of the filaments induced by the type-I edge localized mode has power dependence in EAST. The poloidal widths of the filaments observed by the high-speed vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) imaging system are proportional to the heating power and the ELM size. To understand this power dependence, the BOUT++ nonlinear simulations have been performed with the reconstructed equilibriums from the experimental measurements in this paper. The synthetic filament structures from BOUT++ nonlinear simulation match the experimental observations by the VUV imaging system. The BOUT++ nonlinear simulations also reproduce the power dependence of the filament widths and the ELM size. The filament width and the ELM size are inversely proportional to the toroidal mode number. The low-n mode has a broader radial and poloidal structure, which causes the larger filament width and ELM size. In the high input power case, the mode spectrum shifts to low-n, a result of increasing peeling drive. Besides, we found the β
p in a higher input power case leads to a broader pedestal, expanding the radial mode structure of the peeling-ballooning mode.
Studies on electrical properties of Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC)
Authors: Das Subhendu , Datta Jaydeep , Majumdar Nayana , Mukhopadhyay Supratik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A numerical model based on Finite Element Method (FEM) has been developed to simulate the electrical properties of RPC utilizing the law of current conservation.
It has been used to systematically investigate the effect of the electrical as well as the geometrical parameters of the device components on the potential distribution and field configuration which govern the RPC performance.
The numerical model has been validated by comparing the dark current and electric field with those produced by another mathematical model based on surface currents.
The efficacy of the present model has been demonstrated by comparing its results to the experimental measurements performed with a glass RPC.
The measured and estimated values of these observables have been found to be in good agreement.
IsoDAR@Yemilab: A report on the technology, capabilities, and deployment
Authors: Alonso J.R. , Conrad J.M. , Winklehner D. , Spitz J. , Bartoszek L. , Adelmann A. , Bang K.M. , Barlow R. , Bungau A. , Calabretta L. , Kim Y.D. , Mishins D. , Park K.S. , Seo S.H. , Shaevitz M. , Voirin E.A. , Waites L.H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
IsoDAR@Yemilab is a novel isotope-decay-at-rest experiment
that has preliminary approval to run at the Yemi underground
laboratory (Yemilab) in Jeongseon-gun, South Korea. Here, we
describe in detail the considerations for installing this compact
particle accelerator and neutrino target system at the Yemilab
underground facility. Specifically, we describe the caverns being
prepared for IsoDAR, and address installation, shielding, and
utilities requirements. To give context and for completeness, we
also briefly describe the physics opportunities of the IsoDAR
neutrino source when paired with the Liquid Scintillator Counter
(LSC) at Yemilab, and review the technical design of the neutrino
source.
Application of collagen-chondroitin sulfate scaffolds with different pore sizes combined with acidic fibroblast growth factor in repairing full thickness skin defects in nude mice
Authors: Jiang Cong , Liu Chun , She Zhending , Tan Rongwei , Wang Danyan , Liang Jiamei , Zheng Haojie , Guo Jiasong , Zhu Lixin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Wound healing of skin defects is complex. For the treatment of large and deep wounds, it is a good alternative to accept artificial dermis grafting at the first stage surgery, and autologous split-thickness skin grafting 2–3 weeks later at the second stage surgery. In addition, the effectiveness of numerous cytokines such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on wounds healing has been widely researched. The traditional view is that direct external application or in vivo injection of exogenous FGFs may not achieve the desired therapeutic effect as the effective concentration cannot be maintained for a long time. Therefore, some researchers have tried to integrate various cytokines into skin substitutes for combined application. However, we believe that considering the current situation, it is still difficult to achieve mass production of these types of artificial dermis. Here, we manufactured a collagen-chondroitin sulfate scaffold material by imitating the marketed artificial dermis materials. Then, we combined it with recombinant human acidic FGF in a single full dose during the first-stage artificial dermis transplantation, which is simple and completely feasible but always controversial in the current clinical work, to explore whether this combinatorial therapy could serve as an efficient way wound healing in the Balb/c-nu mice full-thickness skin defect model.
Improvement of a temperature response function for divertor heat flux monitoring in fusion devices
Authors: BUI Xuan Nhat Son , MATSUURA Hiroto , NAKASHIMA Yousuke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Temperature response functions have been developed to investigate sensor design and divertor heat flux estimation in magnetically confined plasmas. The time-dependent heat flux can be derived by fitting the response function to experimental thermocouple (TC) data. Because the TC signals have a time delay to transit events such as discharge start or confinement transition, the time delay is taken into account in a temperature response function. Such a function accurately describes the signal from each TC channel with time delay in a sensor test using a neutral beam injection. Measurement for commercial TCs shows that the time delay is caused by the finite heat capacity of TC wire and contact heat resistance between TC and target surface.
Electrical barriers and their elimination by tuning (Zn,Mg)O buffer composition in Cu(In,Ga)S2 solar cells: systematic approach to achieve over 14% power conversion efficiency
Authors: Sood Mohit , Gnanasambandan Poorani , Adeleye Damilola , Shukla Sudhanshu , Adjeroud Noureddine , Leturcq Renaud , Siebentritt Susanne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Traditional cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer in selenium-free Cu(In,Ga)S2 solar cells leads to reduced open-circuit voltage because of a negative conduction band offset at the Cu(In,Ga)S2/CdS interface. Reducing this loss necessitates the substitution of CdS by an alternative buffer layer. However, the substitute buffer layer may introduce electrical barriers in the device due to unfavorable band alignment at the other interfaces, such as between buffer/ZnO i-layer. This study aims to reduce interface recombinations and eliminate electrical barriers in Cu(In,Ga)S2 solar cells using a combination of Zn1−x
Mg
x
O and Al-doped Zn1−x
Mg
x
O buffer and i-layer combination deposited using atomic layer deposition and magnetron sputtering, respectively. The devices prepared with these layers are characterized by current–voltage and photoluminescence measurements. Numerical simulations are performed to comprehend the influence of electrical barriers on the device characteristics. An optimal composition of Zn1−x
Mg
x
O (x = 0.27) is identified for a suitable conduction band alignment with Cu(In,Ga)S2 with a bandgap of ∼1.6 eV, suppressing interface recombination and avoiding barriers. Optimized buffer composition together with a suitable i-layer led to a device with 14% efficiency and an open-circuit voltage of 943 mV. A comparison of optoelectronic measurements for devices prepared with zinc oxide (ZnO) and Al:(Zn,Mg)O shows the necessity to replace the ZnO i-layer with Al:(Zn,Mg)O i-layer for a high-efficiency device.
Carbon supported NiRu nanoparticles as effective hydrogen evolution catalysts for anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers
Authors: Ruck S , Körner A , Hutzler A , Bierling M , Gonzalez J , Qu W , Bock C , Thiele S , Peach R , Pham C V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Establishing anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) as a new technology for efficient hydrogen production requires cost-effective and high-performance catalyst materials. Here, we report the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of carbon supported NiRu alloy nanoparticles as a cost-effective hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst for AEMWEs. Different NiRu catalysts were synthesized using a facile and scalable impregnation method. Half-cell results showed the ‘NiRu’ catalyst with ca. 10 wt.% Ru to exhibit an increased noble metal mass activity and slightly decreased Tafel slope compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst with 60 wt.% Pt. Further, we report the application of NiRu/C as a cathodic catalyst in AEMWE full cell for the first time. In full cell tests, the synthesized catalysts exhibit 2 A cm−2 at 1.95 V with a low loading of 0.1 mgPGM cm−2 at the cathode.
Predicting multiple types of miRNA–disease associations using adaptive weighted nonnegative tensor factorization with self-paced learning and hypergraph regularization
Authors: Ouyang Dong , Liang Yong , Wang Jianjun , Liu Xiaoying , Xie Shengli , Miao Rui , Ai Ning , Li Le , Dang Qi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMore and more evidence indicates that the dysregulations of microRNAs (miRNAs) lead to diseases through various kinds of underlying mechanisms. Identifying the multiple types of disease-related miRNAs plays an important role in studying the molecular mechanism of miRNAs in diseases. Moreover, compared with traditional biological experiments, computational models are time-saving and cost-minimized. However, most tensor-based computational models still face three main challenges: (i) easy to fall into bad local minima; (ii) preservation of high-order relations; (iii) false-negative samples. To this end, we propose a novel tensor completion framework integrating self-paced learning, hypergraph regularization and adaptive weight tensor into nonnegative tensor factorization, called SPLDHyperAWNTF, for the discovery of potential multiple types of miRNA–disease associations. We first combine self-paced learning with nonnegative tensor factorization to effectively alleviate the model from falling into bad local minima. Then, hypergraphs for miRNAs and diseases are constructed, and hypergraph regularization is used to preserve the high-order complex relations of these hypergraphs. Finally, we innovatively introduce adaptive weight tensor, which can effectively alleviate the impact of false-negative samples on the prediction performance. The average results of 5-fold and 10-fold cross-validation on four datasets show that SPLDHyperAWNTF can achieve better prediction performance than baseline models in terms of Top-1 precision, Top-1 recall and Top-1 F1. Furthermore, we implement case studies to further evaluate the accuracy of SPLDHyperAWNTF. As a result, 98 (MDAv2.0) and 98 (MDAv2.0-2) of top-100 are confirmed by HMDDv3.2 dataset. Moreover, the results of enrichment analysis illustrate that unconfirmed potential associations have biological significance.