bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stability and in vitro antibacterial efficacy of enrofloxacin and gentamicin solutions against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius over 28 days
Authors: Park Shin , Oh Taeho , Bae Seulgi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany clinicians prepare compounded otic solutions to treat otitis externa (OE). Research evaluating the stability and antimicrobial efficacy of these solutions is limited.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThis study determined the chemical stability and in vitro bactericidal efficacy of compounded solutions of enrofloxacin and gentamicin during storage for 28 days.Materials and methodsSolutions of enrofloxacin (10 mg/mL, 1%) and gentamicin (3 mg/mL, 0.3%) were prepared with normal saline and 1 mg/mL dexamethasone. Solutions were stored at room temperature (25°C) for 0, 14 and 28 days. The chemical stability of the antibiotics and dexamethasone were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in triplicate. Efficacy assessment was made with 10 isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius obtained from dogs with OE. Serial 10‐fold dilutions of the bacteria with the compounded solutions were prepared and the colony count results were converted into colony‐forming units (cfus). The mean cfu/mL and cfu/mL reduction rates were compared between Day (D)0, D14 and D28. All of the antimicrobial testing solutions were performed in triplicate.ResultsChromatography showed that both antibiotics and dexamethasone were stable for 28 days. No significant differences were observed in the antibiotic bactericidal efficacy of stored solutions at D0, D14 or D28.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceSolutions of 1% enrofloxacin and 0.3% gentamicin in normal saline with 0.1% dexamethasone maintained chemical stability and bactericidal efficacy over 28 days. These solutions can be considered as alternatives to commercial preparations for treatment of canine OE when indicated.
Additive Manufacturability Analysis of Multiscale Aperiodic Structures: A Statistical Mechanics Approach
Authors: Trautschold Olivia , Dong Andy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces heuristics based upon statistical mechanics to assist in additive manufacturability analysis of multiscale aperiodic structures. The heuristics associate structural properties at a statistical level with manufacturability. They are derived from four topological properties of the complex network representations of multiscale aperiodic structures. The validity of these heuristics is assessed in two ways. First, cross-model validation compares the manufacturability determined by these heuristics when applied to computationally designed crumpled structures and a microCT scan of the same structures when additively manufactured. Second, external validity assesses the correctness of the heuristics given design parameters that increase the potential for manufacturing errors. The results show the significance of statistical mechanics in providing insight into the additive manufacturability of multiscale aperiodic structures. The paper concludes by discussing the generality of this approach for alternative geometries and provides designers with a framework for interpreting manufacturability from a statistical mechanics perspective.
Data-Driven Calibration of Multifidelity Multiscale Fracture Models Via Latent Map Gaussian Process
Authors: Deng Shiguang , Mora Carlos , Apelian Diran , Bostanabad Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fracture modeling of metallic alloys with microscopic pores relies on multiscale damage simulations which typically ignore the manufacturing-induced spatial variabilities in porosity. This simplification is made because of the prohibitive computational expenses of explicitly modeling spatially varying microstructures in a macroscopic part. To address this challenge and open the doors for the fracture-aware design of multiscale materials, we propose a data-driven framework that integrates a mechanistic reduced-order model (ROM) with a calibration scheme based on random processes. Our ROM drastically accelerates direct numerical simulations (DNS) by using a stabilized damage algorithm and systematically reducing the degrees of freedom via clustering. Since clustering affects local strain fields and hence the fracture response, we calibrate the ROM by constructing a multifidelity random process based on latent map Gaussian processes (LMGPs). In particular, we use LMGPs to calibrate the damage parameters of an ROM as a function of microstructure and clustering (i.e., fidelity) level such that the ROM faithfully surrogates DNS. We demonstrate the application of our framework in predicting the damage behavior of a multiscale metallic component with spatially varying porosity. Our results indicate that microstructural porosity can significantly affect the performance of macro-components and hence must be considered in the design process.
My Facts Are not Your Facts: Data Wrangling as a Socially Negotiated Process, A Case Study in a Multisite Manufacturing Company
Authors: Eckert Claudia , Isaksson Ola , Hane-Hagström Malin , Eckert Calandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe condition under which the data wrangling process is undertaken has a profound impact on the quality of the results of the data wrangling and analysis. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the sociotechnical aspects of a data wrangling activity in a large, multi-site global manufacturer. This activity was technically demanding, as operational data from multiple sources and formats needed to be integrated, but also involved interaction with multiple stakeholders in different parts of the world with their own ways of collecting and structuring the data. The data had been captured previously for a different purpose. The clients were not aware that the data followed a different logic in the various sites and in some cases needed to be manually extracted and interpreted. The paper describes the data wrangling process and analyses the assumptions, goals, and biases of the different stakeholders. The analysis raises questions and insights about how data can be trusted and suggests that human intervention with data along the data wrangling process is often un-intentional, tacit, and easily overlooked. It is suggested that contextual factors, such as data quality and assessment of consequences when acting/making decisions on the new data set are given higher attention during the specification of data wrangling assignments. The paper concludes with recommendations for data wrangling practitioners.
Elastic Properties and Bandgaps of Mechanical Metastructures Modified by Tension–Torsion Coupling Component
Authors: Tang Haishan , Zhang Chenglin , Li Li , Ling Ling , Hu Yujin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe term “modification” often appears in physics, chemistry, biology, etc., but rarely in structural mechanics, this study proposes the concept of mechanically modified metastructures, which aims to modify conventional mechanical structures so that they can exhibit super-properties never possessed. In this study, we first introduce the coplanarly tension–torsion coupling (TTC) element into ligaments, and then analytically express the effect of the TTC component on the deformation of the general ligamentous model. Then, it is demonstrated that the TTC component can greatly tailor the mechanical properties of the prototypical structure via numerical and experimental results. The positive Poisson’s ratio can be transformed into the negative Poisson’s ratio by the mechanical modification. Moreover, it is found that the introduced TTC component can assist structures to open new bandgaps, and the location, width, and number of bandgaps can be further tuned by changing the mass and stiffness of the TTC component. This study provides a guideline for altering the mechanical properties of the structures not by changing the main geometric characteristics of the prototypical structure but only by introducing a small structural component.
The koru model: The stages of biculturation for foreign-trained social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Staniforth Barbara , Connor Helene 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: This article reports on a project which explored the process of “biculturation” (settling into a country with a bicultural mandate for social work practice) for 20 foreign-trained social workers who moved to Aotearoa New Zealand. This article details the particular theme of stages that the participants navigated in new terrain working within a bicultural framework with Māori.METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 20 foreign-trained social workers who had moved to Aotearoa New Zealand to practise social work. A thematic analysis was undertaken with the use of NVivo software.FINDINGS: Participants reported negotiating phases consistent with the international literature on acculturation. Particular challenges were noted regarding coming to terms with the impact of colonisation and the difference between bicultural and multicultural approaches.CONCLUSION: These stages have been represented by the various phases of growth of the fronds of a ponga tree described as the koru model. The stages described should be of use to social workers (or other professionals) who have shifted from one country to another, orare thinking about such a move. This is especially relevant when moving to a country where an indigenous group has experienced the negative impact and trauma of colonisation. The information will also be of use to social work agencies, employers, professional associations and regulatory bodies in understanding the process of acculturation for transnational social workers.
‘Love with Less Salt’: evaluation of a sodium reduction mass media campaign in China
Authors: Gupta Ashish K , Carroll Tom E , Chen Yu , Liang Wenzhuo , Cobb Laura K , Wang Yichao , Zhang Juan , Chen Yeji , Guo Xiaolei , Mullin Sandra , Murukutla Nandita 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThis study examines the impact of a salt reduction campaign on knowledge, attitudes, intentions, behaviours and barriers to behaviour change relating to salt consumption in two provinces of China.MethodsIn 2019, the ‘Love with Less Salt’ campaign ran on China Central Television and on local television channels in Shandong and Anhui provinces. Data for this study come from two representative household surveys conducted among a sample of adults aged 25–65 years in Shandong and Anhui provinces: precampaign (n=2000) and postcampaign (n=2015). Logistic regression was performed to estimate the effects of the campaign on knowledge, attitudes, intentions, behaviours and barriers to behaviour change.ResultsOverall, 13% of postcampaign respondents recalled seeing the campaign, and reactions towards the campaign were positive. Postcampaign respondents were more likely to plan to reduce their purchase of foods high in salt than precampaign respondents (OR=1.45, p=<0.05). Campaign-aware respondents were significantly more likely than campaign-unaware respondents to report higher levels of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding salt reduction.ConclusionsFindings reveal that salt reduction mass media campaigns can be an effective public health tool to support efforts to reduce salt consumption in China. Continued and sustained mass media investments are likely to be effective in addressing high salt consumption nationwide.
Protocol for a feasibility study of a cancer symptom awareness campaign to support the rapid diagnostic centre referral pathway in a socioeconomically deprived area: Targeted Intensive Community-based campaign To Optimise Cancer awareness (TIC-TOC)
Authors: Smith Pamela , Moody Gwenllian , Clarke Eleanor , Hiscock Julia , Cannings-John Rebecca , Townson Julia , Edwards Adrian , Quinn-Scoggins Harriet D , Sewell Bernadette , Jones Daniel , Lloydwin Christina , Thomas Sara , Casey Dawn , Lloyd-Bennett Catherine , Stanton Helen , Lugg-Widger Fiona V , Huws Dyfed , Watkins Angela , Newton Gareth , Thomas Ann Maria , McCutchan Grace M , Brain Kate 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionRapid diagnostic centres (RDCs) are being implemented across the UK to accelerate the assessment of vague suspected cancer symptoms. Targeted behavioural interventions are needed to augment RDCs that serve socioeconomically deprived populations who are disproportionately affected by cancer, have lower cancer symptom awareness and are less likely to seek help for cancer symptoms. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of delivering and evaluating a community-based vague cancer symptom awareness intervention in an area of high socioeconomic deprivation.Methods and analysisIntervention materials and messages were coproduced with local stakeholders in Cwm Taf Morgannwg, Wales. Cancer champions will be trained to deliver intervention messages and distribute intervention materials using broadcast media (eg, local radio), printed media (eg, branded pharmacy bags, posters, leaflets), social media (eg, Facebook) and attending local community events. A cross-sectional questionnaire will include self-reported patient interval (time between noticing symptoms to contacting the general practitioner), cancer symptom recognition, cancer beliefs and barriers to presentation, awareness of campaign messages, healthcare resource use, generic quality of life and individual and area-level deprivation indicators. Consent rates and proportion of missing data for patient questionnaires (n=189) attending RDCs will be measured. Qualitative interviews and focus groups will assess intervention acceptability and barriers/facilitators to delivery.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study was given by the London—West London & GTAC Research Ethics (21/LO/0402). This project will inform a potential future controlled study to assess intervention effectiveness in reducing the patient interval for vague cancer symptoms. The results will be critical to informing national policy and practice regarding behavioural interventions to support RDCs in highly deprived populations.
Dose optimisation and scarce resource allocation: two sides of the same coin
Authors: Strohbehn Garth , Persad Govind , Parker William F , Murthy Srinivas 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveA deep understanding of the relationship between a scarce drug's dose and clinical response is necessary to appropriately distribute a supply-constrained drug along these lines.Summary of key dataThe vast majority of drug development and repurposing during the COVID-19 pandemic – an event that has made clear the ever-present scarcity in healthcare systems –has been ignorant of scarcity and dose optimisation's ability to help address it.ConclusionsFuture pandemic clinical trials systems should obtain dose optimisation data, as these appear necessary to enable appropriate scarce resource allocation according to societal values.
Development of a respiratory quality improvement faculty in an acute hospital using QI methodology
Authors: Boast Lucy Anne , Hampson Judith Anne , Saville Rachel Louise , Toplis Emma , Baguneid Abdulla , Williams Daniel Alexander , Choudhury Aklak 
Published: October 2022

National Health Service (NHS) clinical staff are required to demonstrate involvement in quality improvement (QI) and patient safety. Clinicians are often best placed to identify problems and design solutions for their own clinical environments, yet the rotational nature of training can impact on the design, implementation and sustainability of projects.The In-hospital Quality Improvement for Respiratory team was created in August 2020 within a busy respiratory department to inspire a culture of continuous improvement and provide a sustainable infrastructure to support and progress QI projects (QIPs).The trust uses the LifeQI platform which provides a change score from 0.5 (intention to participate) to 5.0 (outstanding sustainable results) as a representation of a QIP’s progress.We aimed to increase the number of QIPs in the respiratory department registered on the LifeQI platform from 1 to at least 10 projects by September 2021.A QI framework was used to identify and address four primary improvement drivers: (1) QI understanding/training, (2) QI faculty communication, (3) QI participation, and (4) QIP completion using multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. Data were collected on the number of active respiratory projects registered within the LifeQI platform, mean LifeQI change score and the number of projects with a change score ≤1.Twenty-four new QIPs were initiated in the first 12 months, with a number of projects leading to sustainable change. The largest improvements were seen in autumn 2020 as the faculty’s multidisciplinary membership expanded.We achieved our aim of increasing the number of registered QIPs, sustaining the QI faculty throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Our multidisciplinary membership continues to increase and the faculty has improved access, organisation and project progression across a large department with an established process for rotating staff to join existing QIPs. Our model has the potential to be replicated in other clinical departments within NHS organisations.
First-line thrombectomy strategy for distal and medium vessel occlusions: a systematic review
Authors: Bilgin Cem , Hardy Nicole , Hutchison Kristen , Pederson John Michael , Mebane Alexander , Olaniran Peace , Kobeissi Hassan , Kallmes Kevin M , Fiorella David , Kallmes David F , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and efficacy of different first-line MT techniques remain unclear for distal and medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs). In this systematic review, we aimed to compare the performance of three first-line MT techniques in DMVOs.MethodsThe PubMed database was searched for studies examining the utility of MT in DMVOs (middle cerebral artery M2-3-4, anterior cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery). Studies providing data for aspiration thrombectomy (ASP), stent retriever thrombectomy (SR), and combined SR+ASP technique were included. Non-comparative studies were excluded. Safety and efficacy data were collected for each technique. The Nested Knowledge AutoLit platform was utilized for literature search, screening, and data extraction. Pooled data were presented as descriptive statistics.Results13 studies comprising 2422 MT procedures were identified. The overall successful recanalization rate was 77.0% (1513/1964) for DMVOs. SR+ASP had a successful recanalization rate of 83.7% (297/355), SR had a 75.6% rate (638/844), while ASP alone had a 74.2% rate (386/520). The overall functional independence rate was 51.3% (851/1659) among DMVOs. The ASP alone group had a functional independence rate of 46.9% (219/467), while functional independence rates of the SR and SR+ASP groups were 51.5% (372/723) and 61.7% (174/282), respectively. Finally, the subarachnoid hemorrhage rates were 1.8% (4/217) for the ASP group, 9.3% (26/281) for the SR group, and 11.9% (41/344) for the SR+ASP group.ConclusionsOur systematic review supports the proposition that MT is a safe and effective treatment option for DMVOs. Additionally, while the SR+ASP group had consistently high rates of clot clearance and good neurological outcomes, the SR and SR+ASP groups also had higher rates of subarachnoid hemorrhage, highlighting the need for improved DMVO treatment devices.
CBRNE3medicine in the austere environment: the challenges
Authors: Smith Max , Weir A 
Published: October 2022

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive/Environmental/Endemic Disease (CBRNE3) incidents encompass a wide spectrum of events from natural events/disasters to industrial accidents through to deliberate military release and nuclear war. The UK military operates globally and in environments that are often austere. The very nature of these environments means that CBRNE3incidents are a very real risk, and a CBRNE3incident in a well-developed society could ultimately create an austere environment. Responding to such an event in an austere environment poses challenges.The very nature of the environment may be problematic. It may be very remote with limited or no access by road and/or air. It may have limited resources such as water and infrastructure required to manage the event. Extremes of temperature and weather may pose a risk to casualties and responders alike. Specialist teams and equipment may be required, but the host or partner nations may not have suitable capability and these resources may take time to mobilise from the home base. The volume of equipment and material needed in the response may overwhelm logistical chains which may not be robust enough to withstand the initial incident.Proper planning and preparedness is crucial to operating in and managing a CBRNE3incident in an austere environment. Recognition of the potential threat by intelligence gathering and recognition by personnel on the ground are essential. This requires an appropriate awareness at all levels of command and appropriate prior training, including interoperability training with partner forces. Ultimately, robust planning and training is key to managing CBRNE3incidents in an austere environment.
Quantum encryption with quantum permutation pad in IBMQ systems
Authors: Kuang Randy , Perepechaenko Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuantum permutation pad or QPP is a quantum-safe symmetric cryptographic algorithm proposed by Kuang and Bettenburg in 2020. The theoretical foundation of QPP leverages the linear algebraic representations of quantum gates which makes QPP realizable in both, quantum and classical systems. By applying the QPP with 64 of 8-bit permutation gates, holding respective entropy of over 100,000 bits, we accomplished quantum random number distributions digitally over today’s classical internet. The QPP has also been used to create pseudo quantum random numbers and served as a foundation for quantum-safe lightweight block and streaming ciphers. This paper continues to explore numerous applications of QPP, namely, we present an implementation of QPP as a quantum encryption circuit on today’s still noisy quantum computers. With the publicly available 5-qubit IBMQ devices, we demonstrate quantum secure encryption (256 bits of entropy) using 2-qubit QPP with 56 permutation gates, and 3-qubit QPP with 17 permutation gates respectively. Initial qubits of the encryption circuit correspond to the plaintext and after applying quantum encryption operations, cipher qubits are measured with probabilistic distributions, and the results with the highest probability are recorded as cipher bits. The cipher bits are then decrypted with an inverse QPP circuit. The output state plaintext qubits are measured and the most frequent count measurement results are recorded as plaintext bits. This quantum encryption and decryption process clearly demonstrates that QPP quantum implementations works exactly as symmetric encryption and decryption schemes should. The plaintext and ciphertext bits can also be encrypted and decrypted respectively by any classical computing device with the corresponding QPP algorithm as in quantum computers. This work reveals that it is possible to build quantum-secure communications between quantum-to-quantum and quantum-to-classical computers over today’s internet and the future quantum internet.