bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telehealth among substance using justice‐involved persons on community supervision: Benefits, challenges, and suggestions for future use
Authors: Zaller Nickolas , Varghese Femina P. , Bull Chelsey , Skaggs Sydney , Braziel Heath L. , Snyder Logan R. , Stigar Lorraine V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to understand the uses of telehealth with justice‐involved adults under community supervision with substance use problems, including their experiences during the pandemic.MethodsStructured interviews were administered among 17 justice‐involved adults under community supervision about their experiences with telehealth services to treat substance use disorders. Thematic coding was used for the analysis.ResultsWe identified 5 primary themes: (1) knowledge about and experiences with telehealth services during the pandemic; (2) telehealth services available; (3) service changes during the pandemic; and (4) individual motivations around treatment‐seeking behavior.ConclusionOverall, our findings reveal that many individuals on probation or parole appreciate having access to telehealth and found that modality convenient for counseling services. Findings shed light on participants' understanding of telehealth, their experiences in using the modality, and how this modality may serve their needs in other ways. External and internal barriers to accessing telehealth are also discussed.
Genomic and functional analysis of phage‐mediated horizontal gene transfer in Pseudomonas syringae on the plant surface
Authors: Hulin Michelle T. , Rabiey Mojgan , Zeng Ziyue , Vadillo Dieguez Andrea , Bellamy Sophia , Swift Phoebe , Mansfield John W. , Jackson Robert W. , Harrison Richard J. 
Published: October 2022

Summary

Many strains of Pseudomonas colonise plant surfaces, including the cherry canker pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae pathovars syringae and morsprunorum. We have examined the genomic diversity of P. syringae in the cherry phyllosphere and focused on the role of prophages in transfer of genes encoding Type 3 secreted effector (T3SE) proteins contributing to the evolution of virulence.

Phylogenomic analysis was carried out on epiphytic pseudomonads in the UK orchards. Significant differences in epiphytic populations occurred between regions. Nonpathogenic strains were found to contain reservoirs of T3SE genes. Members of P. syringae phylogroups 4 and 10 were identified for the first time from Prunus.

Using bioinformatics, we explored the presence of the gene encoding T3SE HopAR1 within related prophage sequences in diverse P. syringae strains including cherry epiphytes and pathogens. Results indicated that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of this effector between phylogroups may have involved phage. Prophages containing hopAR1 were demonstrated to excise, circularise and transfer the gene on the leaf surface.

The phyllosphere provides a dynamic environment for prophage‐mediated gene exchange and the potential for the emergence of new more virulent pathotypes. Our results suggest that genome‐based epidemiological surveillance of environmental populations will allow the timely application of control measures to prevent damaging diseases.
Endophytic yeast protect plants against metal toxicity by inhibiting plant metal uptake through an ethylene‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Domka Agnieszka , Jędrzejczyk Roman , Ważny Rafał , Gustab Maciej , Kowalski Michał , Nosek Michał , Bizan Jakub , Puschenreiter Markus , Vaculίk Marek , Kováč Ján , Rozpądek Piotr 
Published: October 2022

AbstractToxic metal pollution requires significant adjustments in plant metabolism. Here, we show that the plant microbiota plays an important role in this process. The endophytic Sporobolomyces ruberrimus isolated from a serpentine population of Arabidopsis arenosa protected plants against excess metals. Coculture with its native host and Arabidopsis thaliana inhibited Fe and Ni uptake. It had no effect on host Zn and Cd uptake. Fe uptake inhibition was confirmed in wheat and rape. Our investigations show that, for the metal inhibitory effect, the interference of microorganisms in plant ethylene homeostasis is necessary. Application of an ethylene synthesis inhibitor, as well as loss‐of‐function mutations in canonical ethylene signalling genes, prevented metal uptake inhibition by the fungus. Coculture with S. ruberrimus significantly changed the expression of Fe homeostasis genes: IRT1, OPT3, OPT6, bHLH38 and bHLH39 in wild‐type (WT) A. thaliana. The expression pattern of these genes in WT plants and in the ethylene signalling defective mutants significantly differed and coincided with the plant accumulation phenotype. Most notably, down‐regulation of the expression of IRT1 solely in WT was necessary for the inhibition of metal uptake in plants. This study shows that microorganisms optimize plant Fe and Ni uptake by fine‐tuning plant metal homeostasis.
Rat resistance to rheumatoid arthritis induction as a function of the early‐phase adrenal–pineal crosstalk
Authors: Córdoba‐Moreno Marlina O. , Mendes Mariana Trivilin , Markus Regina P. , Fernandes Pedro Augusto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChronic inflammatory diseases are triggered by causal stimuli that might occur long before the appearance of the symptoms. Increasing evidence suggests that these stimuli are necessary but not always sufficient to induce the diseases. The murine model of type II collagen emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (collagen‐induced arthritis) to induce rheumatoid arthritis (RA) follows this pattern as some animals do not develop the chronically inflamed phenotype. Considering that in the immune–pineal axis (IPA) theory adrenal–pineal cross‐talk adjusts early phases of inflammatory processes, we investigated whether differences in IPA activation could explain why some animals are resistant (RES) while others develop RA. We observed a similar increase in 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) excretion from day 3 to 13 in both RES and RA animals, followed by a significant decrease in RA animals. This pattern of aMT6s excretion positively correlated with plasma corticosterone (CORT) in RES animals. Additionally, RA animals presented a lower aMT6s/CORT ratio than saline‐injected or RES animals. Plasmatic levels of tumour necrosis factor were similar in both groups, but interleukin (IL)‐1β and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1) levels were lower in RES compared to RA animals. IL‐2 and IL‐4 were decreased in RES animals compared to saline‐injected animals. The aMT6s/CORT ratio inversely correlated with the paw thickness and the inflammatory score (levels of IL‐1β, MCP‐1, IL‐2 and IL‐4 combined). Thus, adrenocortical–pineal positive interaction is an early defence mechanism for avoiding inflammatory chronification.
imageKey points
Immune–pineal axis imbalance is observed in early‐phase rheumatoid arthritis development.
Only resistant animals present a positive association between adrenal and pineal hormones.
The 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin/corticosterone ratio is decreased in animals that develop rheumatoid arthritis.
The inflammatory score combining the levels of nocturnal interleukin (IL)‐1β, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, IL‐2 and IL‐4 presents a very strong positive correlation with the size of inflammatory lesion.
The 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin/corticosterone ratio presents a strong negative correlation with the inflammatory score and paw oedema size.
Impact of Trailing Edge Overhang Length on the Loss Characteristics of Fully Cooled Transonic Nozzle Guide Vanes
Authors: Burdett Daniel , Povey Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The trailing edge (TE) design of a cooled high-pressure (HP) nozzle guide vane (NGV) requires consideration of both cooling and aerodynamic performances. Two designs are in common use: the centered-ejection design, in which coolant is ejected through a slot in the TE with roughly symmetrical suction-side (SS) and pressure-side (PS) TE tips; and the SS-overhang design, in which the SS and PS TE tips are staggered. This second design has been favored in recent years because it has been presumed to be aerodynamically advantageous. In this article, we re-examine this assumption by studying a parametric design set between these two design extremes. We do this using extensive high-fidelity experimental measurements performed at engine-scaled conditions (matched Mach number, Reynolds number, and coolant-to-mainstream pressure ratio) on a full-annular cascade of real engine parts. To provide insight into the mechanisms affecting loss, we use complementary unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. We analyze the changes in the flow structure, local loss coefficient distribution, wake mixing rate, average profile loss coefficient, and base pressures.
The Relationship Between Reliability and Environmental Impact in Tidal Stream Turbine Deployments
Authors: Walker Stuart , Thies Philipp , Johanning Lars 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Though tidal stream energy is a source of electricity with low environmental impact, the manufacture and operation of tidal energy devices has inbuilt environmental impact and cost. Maintenance costs can be significant and reliability challenges have limited the growth of the sector to date.
This study considers two designs of tidal stream energy device (seabed-fixed and floating horizontal axis turbines) and estimates the environmental impact of maintenance in the context of sector reliability to date. Lifetime environmental impact of fixed and floating devices were quantified using Life Cycle Assessment methods, based on reliability data for 58 deployments.
Maintenance has a significant impact on the total environmental impact of tidal stream energy devices, contributing between 4% and 25% of total embodied emissions.
Floating devices offer maintenance advantages over seabed-fixed devices due to easier access and reduced downtime, but these devices are more likely to experience minor failures and curtailments. The results show that standard maintenance contributes more to the overall environmental impact than the mitigation of failure or curtailment, due to frequency and the need for replacement parts. Type and manufacture of parts were found to be a major contributor to environmental impact, making up 97% of the impact of standard maintenance for floating devices and 91% for seabed-fixed devices. Reducing the frequency of part replacement was found to be the best route to reducing the environmental impact of maintenance.
Interaction of Offshore Support Vessel With Adjacent Offshore Wind Turbine During Maintenance Operation
Authors: Ren Xiudi , Tao Longbin , Nuernberg Martin , Ramzanpoor Iman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The operation and maintenance (O&M) of an offshore wind turbine consumes large percentage of cost in the whole life of the offshore wind project. In most maintenance strategies, the service operation vessels (SOV) are widely employed in the maintenance activities. So far, the SOVs are large vessels to satisfy the requirement of equipment and functions. Some regular inspections for the wind farm are carried out by remotely operated underwater vessels (ROV). The offshore support vessel can be smaller in regular inspections. An attempt of small service operation vessel with ROV operating regular inspections is discussed in present research. The single point mooring method between offshore wind turbine and offshore support vessel is applied in the case. The relative distance between the vessel and the tension in the connecting lines are discussed under different environmental conditions. The numerical results are validated by the full-scale measurements on the vessel. It is found that the tension in the connecting lines is highly determined by the wind and wave directions. The wind-wave misalignments are also considered in the present study. It is found that the wind-wave misalignment may lead the sharp increase of relative distance and tension in connecting lines between offshore wind turbine and support vessel.
Fatigue Life Evaluation of a Tidal Turbine Blade: From Simulations Using BEMT/FEM and CFD/FEM Couplings to Full-Scale Test
Authors: Paboeuf Stéphane , Guisser Meryem , Loubeyre Sébastien , Davies Peter , Arhant Maël , Dumergue Nicolas , Nicolas Erwann 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the race towards a greener and safer tomorrow, renewable energies are playing an uncontestably key role. The energetic transition to cleaner energy has been the go to strategy for countries around the globe. Nature offers many power sources and tidal turbine is one of marine systems able to convert tide energy in electricity. However, tidal turbine technology is still under development and research area remains an important aspect before commercial deployment.
RealTide, a European research project on advanced monitoring, simulation and control of tidal devices in unsteady, highly turbulent realistic tide environments, is the perfect example of the investment that goes into research and development to create better technologies in order to help with the energetic transition. The goal of the project is to combine advanced in flow measurement in highly energetic tidal currents with condition monitoring systems to design reliable tidal turbines. This implies the study of the turbine components, chiefly the blades, and the causes of their failure.
The aim of the present paper is to hand over the work performed within RealTide project on a blade, developed by Sabella for the next tidal turbine generation, made in composite materials. Firstly, a Finite Element Model (FEM) is carried out of the 5-meters length blade in carbon fibre. A modal and static analysis under various testing loads are run on the FEM and results are then compared with measurements performed on a full-scale blade at Ifremer facilities. Furthermore, a Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) tool and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software are used to generate operational and extreme environmental loads applying on the blade. BEMT/FEM one-way coupling and CFD/FEM two-way coupling numerical simulations have been realised and results between both methods have been compared. Finally, the fatigue life, in operational condition, has been evaluated with the recent fatigue methodology, based on a ply-by-ply approach, developed by Bureau Veritas. Several design optimisations including glass fibres plies have also been studied in order to reduce costs of production.
The Application of the Spectral Domain Modeling to the Techno-Economic Analysis of the Adjustable Draft Point Absorbers
Authors: Tan Jian , Jarquin Laguna Antonio , Polinder Henk , Miedema Sape 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A spectral domain model is established to analyze the performance of a recently proposed wave energy concept, namely the adjustable draft point absorber. The non-linear hydrostatic force is incorporated in the spectral domain model. To improve the accuracy of the proposed model, the incident wave elevation is considered in the statistic linearization of the non-linear term. The proposed model is verified by the results obtained by the non-linear time domain simulations. The results suggest that the proposed spectral domain model could include the non-linear hydrostatic force while maintaining a higher computational efficiency than the non-linear time domain model. Based on the proposed model, the power performance of the adjustable draft WEC is identified. Furthermore, a techno-economic analysis is performed to reveal the benefits of the adjustable draft WEC for a given European sea site. The results show that the adjustable draft WEC is associated with higher power absorption in powerful sea states compared with the conventional fixed draft WEC. In addition, the adjustable draft system could contribute to the improvement of the annual energy production as well as the reduction of the levelized cost of energy of WECs.
Investigating the Impact of Disruptive Events on the Fabrication and Installation Processes for a Floating Offshore Wind Farm
Authors: Sarichloo Zohreh , Murphy Adrian , Butterfield Joseph , Doran John , Hannigan Paddy , Desmond Cian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, we investigate how the interruptions and non-deterministic operational behavior at the base port affect the installation time and resource utilization. Scenarios such as equipment breakdown are examples of interruption occurrences. The work provides a detailed study of realistic port tasks and scenarios. The operations at the base port and those between the port and the offshore site include fabrication, assembly, load-out, ballasting tasks of the floater, turbine assembly, integrated floater-turbine towing, and hook-up operations. The reference floating substructure, adopted in this study, is an innovative submersible platform concept, developed by CENER for the INNWIND 10MW wind turbine. SimPy, an open-source Python-based package is used to model critical port and installation procedure operations using Discrete Event Simulation. The results are obtained for a range of disruption frequency from 0.0005 to 0.01 (hr−1) and repair times of 8 and 16 (hrs). Results showed an increase in the installation time when disruption frequency and repair time increased. The predicted delay in the installation operations was significant in case of higher disruption frequencies and could reach 21%, compared to the reference case without any failure. Moreover, the utilization of fabrication machines decreased by increasing the disruption rate and repair time. For example, utilization of welding machines for pontoons fabrication reduced by 19% for a high disruption frequency of 0.01 (hr−1), compared to the reference case.
A Study of Offshore Wind Turbine Wake Effects in Yaw Conditions Using an Improved Actuator Line Method
Authors: Fan Ning , Liao Kangping , Wang Qian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study of wind turbine wakes is very important for the layout of offshore wind farms. In recent years, the method of reducing the influence on the downstream turbines by setting yaw angles of the upstream wind turbine has received constant attention. In this paper, a numerical method based on OpenFOAM solver combined with an improved actuator line method is applied to study the wake interactions between yaw wind turbine and downstream wind turbine. The improvement of the actuator line method mainly includes two aspects, which are, Gaussian anisotropic body force projection method and integral velocity sampling method. Numerical accuracy is validated with a benchmark wind turbine model (NREL 5MW wind turbine), which provided a certain accuracy guarantee for the wake prediction of the tandem arranged wind turbines. And then, the wake effects from upstream turbine in no yaw condition is simulated, which has good agreements with the published result in the literature. Based on these precision verification efforts, finally, this paper makes a series of predictions of the power coefficients and wake characteristics of two tandem arranged wind turbines in different yaw angles.
Performance Modelling of Flap-Type Wave Energy Converter Array: Flaps With Various Dynamic Characteristics
Authors: Saeidtehrani Saghy , Lavidas George 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Generally, it is expected that the total power of N energy converters in an array will be less than N times the power of a single operative converter. The goal of this paper is to enhance the oscillation of the flap-type WEC and consequently the energy extraction of the whole array in front of a coastal structure. Flaps in an array show different response patterns in terms of amplitude and frequency based on their dynamic characteristics, incoming wave frequencies, and the distance between the WECs. Through this work, different dynamic characteristics for each flap in combination with various distances between proximate flaps are investigated. An experimentally validated numerical model developed for the simulation of flap-type WEC operating as single and in an array is used for the simulation. The effects of dynamic characteristics and WEC distances on the response and power production are estimated and discussed in detail for a flap operating in an array of two and five. It is shown that by changing the distance between two flaps, the response is enhanced up to 20%. The findings suggest the most efficient ratio of dynamic characteristics of flaps in an array of two is having a period half to the incoming wave period. However, for an array of five, having staggered flaps with a period equal to the incoming wave period make a 4% increase in the overall response of each flap.
Suspended Power Cable Configurations for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in Deep Water Powering an FPSO
Authors: Schnepf Anja , Lopez-Pavon Carlos , Devulder Aymeric , Johnsen Øyvind , Ong Muk Chen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are an opportunity for large energy consumers in the oil and gas industry to reduce emissions. As the oil and gas structures are often installed in deep waters, the connecting power cables conventionally laying on the seabed have very long transmission distances leading to power losses and large cable sizes. In the present study, the novel concept of a suspended power cable between a FOWT and a Floating Production Storage and Offloading Unit (FPSO) in a large water depth of 1000 m is investigated. In this study, the power cable is kept floating between the sea surface and the seabed without touching neither of them. The power cable configuration is varied. A catenary configuration is investigated, as well as two configurations with subsea buoys attached at different locations along the cable. The OC3-Hywind 5 MW reference FOWT is set up with a deepwater mooring system and a spread moored FPSO is modeled having characteristics similar to existing FPSOs. Simulations are carried out in the analysis program OrcaFlex. Environmental conditions for the Campos Basin, Brazil, are assumed. The different configurations are evaluated in a steady-state analysis. The largest tensions occur for the catenary configuration, whereas it shows the lowest cable excursions and hang-off declination. A suspended configuration with buoys attached results in lower tensions that are below common limits but has larger excursions. This setup is studied further with a dynamic analysis. The tension at floater hang-off increases compared to steady-state results. The floater motions and the current seem to be the main factors influencing the suspended cable. The design of a suspended cable configuration is a balance between cable tensions and excursions, versus the amount and distribution of buoyancy attached.
The Influence of Different Configurations and Spacings on the Performance of Oscillating Wave Surge Converters When Operating in Wave Farms
Authors: Benites-Munoz Daniela , Thomas Giles , Huang Luofeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ocean wave energy is significant and permanent, but it is extremely challenging to capture it efficiently using energy conversion technologies. Thus, research on these technologies and the hydrodynamic response of energy devices is constantly growing. One way of increasing the energy extracted from the ocean is to deploy wave farms consisting of arrays of wave energy devices; however, this is not as straightforward as extending the hydrodynamic response of one device. When the incident wavefield interacts with one device, it will be disturbed/modified by its presence, showing behaviours such as reflection, diffraction, and radiation. This perturbed wavefield will interact with neighbouring devices, and its influence can be beneficial or disadvantageous depending on the hydrodynamics. The q factor is commonly used to assess this interaction, which compares the power capture of a wave farm to that of the sum of the same number of devices performing in isolation. In this work, the q factor of configurations of three Oscillating Wave Surge Converters (OWSC), varying the spacing and arrangement, is predicted using Computational Fluid Dynamics. This resulted in beneficial layouts of three devices in different wave conditions, and the optimal array can be extended to numerous devices, which can be applied to the design of wave farms.