bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Legal Contracts to Formal Specifications: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Soavi Michele , Zeni Nicola , Mylopoulos John , Mich Luisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe opportunity to automate and monitor the execution of legal contracts is gaining increasing interest in Business and Academia, thanks to the advent of smart contracts, blockchain technologies, and the Internet of Things. A critical issue in developing smart contract systems is the formalization of legal contracts, which are traditionally expressed in natural language with all the pitfalls that this entails. This paper presents a systematic literature review of papers for the main steps related to the transformation of a legal contract expressed in natural language into a formal specification. Key research studies have been identified, classified, and analyzed according to a four-step transformation process: (a) structural and semantic annotation to identify legal concepts in text, (b) identification of relationships among concepts, (c) contract domain modeling, and (d) generation of a formal specification. Each one of these steps poses serious research challenges that have been the subject of research for decades. The systematic review offers an overview of the most relevant research efforts undertaken to address each step and identifies promising approaches, best practices, and existing gaps in the literature.
Effect of intravenous versus intratracheal lidocaine on airway and hemodynamic responses during extubation after thyroid surgery. A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ayele Tamiru Tilahun , Gemechu Ashebir Debalike , Asres Abiyot Wolie , Zewdu Dereje , Negash Tadese Tamire 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Coughing during extubation after thyroid surgery can increase venous pressure and release the vessel ligation which leads to active bleeding, and form hematoma which can be a life threatening due to airway obstruction. Lidocaine before extubation may reduce cough and hemodynamic instability. The aim of this study was to compare effect of intra-tracheal and intravenous lidocaine on airway and hemodynamic responses during extubation.

Method:
A hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted on 74 patients who underwent thyroid surgery. A Systematic random sampling technique was employed. Data recording was made after Anesthetists gave 1.5 mg/kg 2% lidocaine either intravenous (control group) or intra-tracheal (exposed group) before extubation. The episode and grade of coughs were recorded. Heart rate and blood pressure were also recorded at the time of lidocaine administration, and at 1,2,3,4 and 5 minutes post extubation. Independent two sample t-test and chi-square were computed. P-value < 0.05 considered as statistically significant.

Result:
The two groups were comparable with respect to socio -demographic and clinical characteristics. The incidence of coughing after intravenous and intratracheal lidocaine was 11% and 15%, p-value, 0.425, respectively. The sedation score after extubation also was comparable between the two groups. Even though the difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant, the mean heart rates and blood pressure after lidocaine in intravenous and intratracheal lidocaine groups were higher at 1 min post extubation and then decline to baseline mean heart rate at 5 munities post extubation.

Conclusion:
Intravenous and intratracheal lidocaine have comparable effects on airway and hemodynamic response during extubation after thyroid surgery. The sedation score after lidocaine was also similar among the two groups. Therefore lidocaine can be used either intra tracheal or intravenously before extubation.

Highlights
When Prisoners’ “Right to Die” Goes Online: A Case-Study of Legal and Penal Sensibilities
Authors: Shaw Joshua D. M. , Konikoff Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrisoners in Canadian federal penitentiaries can obtain medical assistance in dying (MAiD). This raises questions about the nature and legitimacy of pain and death in incarceration. The authors analyze responses to a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation online news article discussing the provision of MAiD to prisoners. The comments exemplify different sensibilities about the state’s lethality with respect to prisoners. These sensibilities—both legal and penal—draw on an array of cultural referents to orient to prisoners’ deaths generally, but also MAiD specifically. The authors explore how certain referents factor in these legal and penal sensibilities and appear to mediate commenters’ judgements. For example, capital punishment factors significantly in conversations about MAiD for prisoners, as well as imaginations of prisoners’ bodies in pain. As a result, there is a spectacularization of prisoners’ carceral death, despite the humane, “civilized” death MAiD provides, which circumscribes how some commenters imagine the procedure and prisoners’ deaths.
Increased vegetable intake improves glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clustered randomised clinical trial among Indonesian white-collar workers
Authors: Yen Tan Shot , Htet Min Kyaw , Lukito Widjaja , Bardosono Saptawati , Setiabudy Rianto , Basuki Endang S. , Wibudi Aris , Martianto Drajat , Subekti Imam , Fahmida Umi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Dietary patterns high in fibre and green leafy vegetables have shown an inverse association with lower risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus and improved glycaemic control. The study aimed to investigate the effects of increased vegetable intake and conventional diabetes diet on glycaemic control among type 2 diabetic patients. White-collar workers from one telecommunication company with type 2 diabetes were assigned to two treatment groups by cluster randomisation. Individuals with known type 2 diabetes and poor glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥8 g%) were eligible and a total of 84 subjects were recruited. Subjects in the intervention group (n 41) were offered to attend seminars and intensive coaching weekly to encourage them to increase raw vegetable intake. The control group (n 40) followed the conventional diet according to the guidelines of the Indonesian Society of Endocrinology. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma lipids, blood pressure, vegetable intake and anthropometric measurements were assessed at baseline and end line of 12 weeks intervention. A regression analysis was conducted using differences in HbA1C between baseline and 12 weeks as the dependent variable. Student's t test was conducted for the changes of biochemical indicators from baseline to end line during the period of 12 weeks intervention. Glycaemic control improved in the intervention group and mean HbA1C, fasting blood glucose and post-prandial blood glucose in the intervention group decreased significantly along with body weight, waist circumference and total cholesterol. The finding suggested that the intervention which emphasised raw vegetable intake contributed to improved glycaemic control among Indonesian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Lecithaster (Lecithasteridae, Digenea) in the White Sea: an unnoticed guest from the Pacific?
Authors: Krupenko D. , Kremnev G. , Skobkina O. , Gonchar A. , Uryadova A. , Miroliubov A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Morphological discrimination of species is problematic in many digenean taxa. Parasites of marine fish from the genus Lecithaster Lühe, 1901 are a good example of this. Our goal was to understand which species of Lecithaster infect fish in the White Sea, and reveal their life cycles. We collected specimens of maritae from nine fish species, analysed their morphology and sequenced 28S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Contrary to previous accounts, all of them belong to a single species, Lecithaster salmonis Yamaguti, 1934, which was previously only recorded from the Pacific. Morphologically, our maritae specimens were highly variable, sharing characters of L. salmonis, Lecithaster confusus Odhner, 1905 and Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802) Lühe, 1901. This variability did not correlate with the moderate differences in ITS2 among the specimens, and neither did the fish host species. Members of the subfamily Salmoninae appear to be the best suited definitive hosts, judging from the intensity rates. The intermediate hosts were also discovered: the first is Cryptonatica affinis (Gmelin, 1791) and the second are planktonic copepods. These lifecycle data from the White Sea are consistent with L. salmonis species identification and with the distribution of this species in the North Pacific. The geographical range of L. salmonis seems to be interrupted, and we discuss possible ways of L. salmonis expansion.
Pathways towards break even for low convergence ratio direct-drive inertial confinement fusion
Authors: Paddock R.W. , Martin H. , Ruskov R.T. , Scott R.H.H. , Garbett W. , Haines B.M. , Zylstra A.B. , Campbell E.M. , Collins T.J.B. , Craxton R.S. , Thomas C.A. , Goncharov V.N. , Aboushelbaya R. , Feng Q.S. , von der Leyen M.W. , Ouatu I. , Spiers B.T. , Timmis R. , Wang R.H.W. , Norreys P.A. 
Published: June 2022

Following indirect-drive experiments which demonstrated promising performance for low convergence ratios (below 17), previous direct-drive simulations identified a fusion-relevant regime which is expected to be robust to hydrodynamic instability growth. This paper expands these results with simulated implosions at lower energies of 100 and 270 kJ, and ‘hydrodynamic equivalent’ capsules which demonstrate comparable convergence ratio, implosion velocity and in-flight aspect ratio without the need for cryogenic cooling, which would allow the assumptions of one-dimensional-like performance to be tested on current facilities. A range of techniques to improve performance within this regime are then investigated, including the use of two-colour and deep ultraviolet laser pulses. Finally, further simulations demonstrate that the deposition of electron energy into the hotspot of a low convergence ratio implosion through auxiliary heating also leads to significant increases in yield. Results include break even for 1.1 MJ of total energy input (including an estimated 370 kJ of short-pulse laser energy to produce electron beams for the auxiliary heating), but are found to be highly dependent upon the efficiency with which electron beams can be created and transported to the hotspot to drive the heating mechanism.
Design optimization of an underactuated tendon-driven anthropomorphic hand based on grasp quality measures
Authors: Basumatary Hirakjyoti , Hazarika Shyamanta M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor an underactuated anthropomorphic hand, apart from replicating the geometry, biomimicry of human counterpart requires design based on functional biomimesis. Optimization based on grasping capabilities to generate a stable grasp for underactuated anthropomorphic hands has been a recent focus. In this article, we optimize the actuation parameters of the underactuated mechanism based on grasp quality measures. Optimization of the hand design parameters like pulley radii, spring stiffnesses, and pre-load angles was undertaken based upon the grasp robustness metric. A quasi-static model based on a soft synergistic compliant grasp of the underactuated hand is formalized. Numerical simulations based on evolutionary strategies are applied to the grasp model to optimize the underactuated parameters. Finally, validation of the results based on the grasp wrench space is presented. The results show that an anthropomorphic hand with an optimized underactuated mechanism performs better grasps.
Predictive role of blood eosinophils in adult varicella patients
Authors: Yang Luxuan , Zhang Wenyong , Shen Xiujuan , Chang Jianguo , Liu Meiqin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The study aimed to explore the relationship between eosinophils and the prognosis of varicella in adults. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were hospitalised in The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou with a diagnosis of adult varicella during the period between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2020. Of the 359 patients, 228 (63.51%) had eosinopenia. The proportion of patients with mild type disease was significantly lower in the eosinopenia group than that in the non-eosinopenia group (50.44% vs. 65.65%, P = 0.006). The proportion of the patients with common type disease was significantly higher in the eosinopenia group than that in the non-eosinopenia group (39.47% vs. 28.24%, P = 0.039). The proportion of the patients with severe type disease was higher in the eosinopenia group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (10.09% vs. 6.11%, P = 0.243). The rates of high fever (47.81% vs. 32.82%, P = 0.008; relative risk (RR) 1.296, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.091–1.540), headache (43.42% vs. 22.14%, P < 0.001; RR 1.415, 95% CI 1.233–1.623), anorexia (53.51% vs. 35.88%, P = 0.001; RR 1.367, 95% CI 1.129–1.655) and complications (82.89% vs. 64.12%, P < 0.001; RR 2.106, 95% CI 1.460–3.038) were also significantly higher in the eosinopenia group. Among the complications, the liver injury and skin infection were more serious in the eosinopenia group. The disease course was significantly longer in the eosinopenia group than that in the non-eosinopenia group (9.43 ± 1.89 days vs. 8.73 ± 1.25 days, P < 0.001). The improvement rate of liver injury in the recovery period was lower in the eosinopenia group than that in the non-eosinopenia group (35.38% vs. 50%, P = 0.012). The study found that adult varicella patients with eosinopenia had a more serious condition, a higher morbidity of complications and a slower recovery. Blood eosinophils can be used as a new predictor of the severity of adult varicella.
Homogenisation of a two-phase problem with nonlinear dynamic Wentzell-interface condition for connected–disconnected porous media
Authors: GAHN M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate a reaction–diffusion problem in a two-component porous medium with a nonlinear interface condition between the different components. One component is connected and the other one is disconnected. The ratio between the microscopic pore scale and the size of the whole domain is described by the small parameter
$\epsilon$
. On the interface between the components, we consider a dynamic Wentzell-boundary condition, where the normal fluxes from the bulk domains are given by a reaction–diffusion equation for the traces of the bulk solutions, including nonlinear reaction kinetics depending on the solutions on both sides of the interface. Using two-scale techniques, we pass to the limit
$\epsilon \to 0$
and derive macroscopic models, where we need homogenisation results for surface diffusion. To cope with the nonlinear terms, we derive strong two-scale convergence results.
Strategies for Picking the Right Adviser
Authors: Hatemi Peter K. , McDermott Rose 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTIn an increasingly tight job market, the selection of an adviser has never been more important to help guide young scholars in their career development. Advisers play a critical role in students’ careers and beyond, from providing substantive help with the dissertation to sharing the norms of the discipline, helping them navigate the job market, and introducing them to potential collaborators. Yet, many graduate students do not know how to go about identifying the best adviser for them. Here, we provide some suggestions to graduate students for how best to pick a dissertation adviser and other mentors, noting some of the most important aspects of the relationship and highlighting some of the most critical elements to look for in finding an appropriate and helpful adviser.
Amicus Curiae Briefs and the Competing Legal Agendas of White Protestants in the United States, 1969–2020
Authors: Hensley Jonathan B. , McCartney Paul T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe use Supreme Court amicus curiae briefs filed by seven religious groups—four liberal and three conservative—to understand the changing nature of political conflict between American religious groups in the predominantly White Protestant tradition from 1969 to 2020. Religious groups on both sides of the ideological divide have increased the frequency of their amicus filings, and increasingly become involved in issue areas which were once primarily the concern of groups on the other side. These findings suggest that the culture war that redefined party politics in America has also shaped religious activism, including legal activism. We argue that these groups have increased their involvement in a wider range of issues for two reasons: their rivalry for influence over the nation's moral center has become more encompassing and overtly political, and their appreciation for and consciously developed ability to tap into the courts' influence on American politics has grown.
Genesis of Loess Particles on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyu , Gray Jessica , Gu Ying , He Tong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe sources of the sediments in distinct areas of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) are still disputed, starting with the particle formation in the original desert areas, as well as the neighboring river systems. The formation of loess particles in the southern CLP was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and combined material modal composite analysis. Here, we determined the mineralogy in the Duanjiapo (DJP) section on the southernmost CLP and the last glacial‐interglacial samples on the central and north CLP. The results reveal that the samples plot along the N‐S transect, which is very likely the result of differential weathering. The SEM observations of the internal textures of soil aggregates from DJP suggest that precipitation mediated dissolution led to the formation of the fine particle fraction (5–10 μm). The most dissolution was observed for the hornblende particles. The further evolution of these smaller particles followed a decrease (2.6–0 Ma) in the grain size up section. Our record of the changes in and trend of the hornblende concentrations suggests an imbalance in the budget of the hornblende influx via sub‐aerosol wind transport versus the mineral dissolution, which provides robust evidence for a sediment provenance in the deserts north and west of CLP. Understanding the sediment source is critical to trace Asian monsoon evolution. The hornblende record suggests a coeval change in the trends of the summer monsoon and winter monsoon, and this contemporaneous change may not support the recently proposed Pacific Walker Circulation mechanism in the interpretation of Asian monsoon.
Climatic Controls on the Interannual Variability of Shelf Circulation in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Deng Yongfei , Liu Zhiqiang , Zu Tingting , Hu Jianyu , Gan Jianping , Lin Yuxin , Li Zhibing , Quan Qi , Cai Zhongya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe comprehensively investigate the interannual variability of multi‐scale motions in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) and associated influences from the terrestrial, atmospheric, and oceanic processes over the period 1994–2018 based on observations and a numerical simulation. We find that the interannual variabilities of the NSCS circulation and hydrographic properties, in the form of a cross‐scale interactive dynamic system, are sensitive to the tropical climate variability represented by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In coastal areas with less than 30 m depth, the anomalous warm (cold) and less (more) saline waters are regulated by the rate of Pearl River discharge due to the predominant precipitation (evaporation) and positive (negative) heat‐flux anomaly in the Pearl River catchment in El Niño (La Niña) years. Controlled by the interannual variabilities of slope current and atmospheric forcings, the shelf current at 30–200 m depth responds asymmetrically to the ENSO, which establishes a stronger northeastward flow anomaly in El Niño years than the southwestward flow anomaly in La Niña years. We further show that the interannual variability of the slope current is jointly governed by the atmospheric and oceanic processes that tend to offset each other in interannual timescales. In particular, the weakened (strengthened) cyclonic wind stress curl over the ocean basin tends to moderate (intensify) the slope current in the NSCS, while this process is mitigated by the stronger (weaker) Kuroshio intrusion in El Niño (La Niña) years.
The CDK1/TFCP2L1/ID2 cascade offers a novel combination therapy strategy in a preclinical model of bladder cancer
Authors: Heo Jinbeom , Lee Jinyoung , Nam Yun Ji , Kim YongHwan , Yun HongDuck , Lee Seungun , Ju Hyein , Ryu Chae-Min , Jeong Seon Min , Lee Jinwon , Lim Jisun , Cho Yong Mee , Jeong Eui Man , Hong Bumsik , Son Jaekyoung , Shin Dong-Myung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAberrant activation of embryogenesis-related molecular programs in urothelial bladder cancer (BC) is associated with stemness features related to oncogenic dedifferentiation and tumor metastasis. Recently, we reported that overexpression of transcription factor CP2-like protein-1 (TFCP2L1) and its phosphorylation at Thr177 by cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) play key roles in regulating bladder carcinogenesis. However, the clinical relevance and therapeutic potential of this novel CDK1-TFCP2L1 molecular network remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that inhibitor of DNA binding-2 (ID2) functions as a crucial mediator by acting as a direct repressive target of TFCP2L1 to modulate the stemness features and survival of BC cells. Low ID2 and high CDK1 expression were significantly associated with unfavorable clinical characteristics. TFCP2L1 downregulated ID2 by directly binding to its promoter region. Consistent with these findings, ectopic expression of ID2 or treatment with apigenin, a chemical activator of ID2, triggered apoptosis and impaired the proliferation, suppressed the stemness features, and reduced the invasive capacity of BC cells. Combination treatment with the specific CDK1 inhibitor RO-3306 and apigenin significantly suppressed tumor growth in an orthotopic BC xenograft animal model. This study demonstrates the biological role and clinical utility of ID2 as a direct target of the CDK1-TFCP2L1 pathway for modulating the stemness features of BC cells.
hnRNPC induces isoform shifts in miR-21-5p leading to cancer development
Authors: Park Seokju , Yang Hee Doo , Seo Jwa-Won , Nam Jin-Wu , Nam Suk Woo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) processing is a critical step in mature miRNA production. Its dysregulation leads to an increase in miRNA isoforms with heterogenous 5′-ends (isomiRs), which can recognize distinct target sites because of their shifted seed sequence. Although some miRNA genes display productive expression of their 5′-isomiRs in cancers, how their production is controlled and how 5′-isomiRs affect tumor progression have yet to be explored. In this study, based on integrative analyses of high-throughput sequencing data produced by our group and publicly available data, we demonstrate that primary miR-21 (pri-miR-21) is processed into the cancer-specific isomiR isomiR-21-5p | ±1, which suppresses growth hormone receptor (GHR) in liver cancer. Treatment with antagomirs against isomiR-21-5p | ±1 inhibited the in vitro tumorigenesis of liver cancer cells and allowed the recovery of GHR, whereas the introduction of isomiR-21-5p | ±1 mimics attenuated these effects. These effects were validated in a mouse model of spontaneous liver cancer. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C and U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2 were predicted to bind upstream of pre-miR-21 via a poly-(U) motif and influence Drosha processing to induce the production of isomiR-21-5p | ±1. Our findings suggest an oncogenic function for the non-canonical isomiR-21-5p | ±1 in liver cancer, and its production was shown to be regulated by hnRNPC.