bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Andalin Dosage Comparison, 1991
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Hansen Roger 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was located on the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research farm in Grand Forks, ND. Cut A-size certified 'Norchip' potatoes were planted on 28 May. Soils at this location were Bearden silt-loam with adequate moisture at planting. Plots consisted of four rows, 0.9 m wide, 7.6 m in length, with a 1.5 m fallow aisle on the end of each plot. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Foliars were applied in 2 1 of total material per 0.0088 ha on 27 Jun, 4, 10, 19, and 25 Jul. Karate 1 E was combined with MYX-1806, as indicated, for each of the 5 treatments.
Wireworm Control on Potato, 1991
Authors: Seal D. R. , Jansson R. K. , Lecrone S. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified LaRouge' seed pieces were planted on 19 Nov 1990 in a 0.4 acre area with Perrine marl soil and spaced 4 inches apart in rows that were 3 ft apart. Nine treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatment plots consisted of 4 rows 12.2 m long. Plants were fertilized with 1700 lb/acre of granular fertilizer (6:12:10) at planting. Monitor was applied (1.0 qt [AI]/acre) on two dates and Pounce was applied (6 oz [AI]/acre) on four dates to control green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and Thrips palmi Karny. In addition, Trigard was applied (1.2 lb [AI]/acre) on 17 Jan to control leafminers, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and L. trifolii (Burgess). Topsin was applied (1 lb [AI]/acre) on 17 and 21 Jan to control plant pathogenic fungi. The insecticides tested were: EXP 60166A, Thimet, PCC300 (10% [AI] ethoprop and 10% [AI] phorate), and PCC 307 (8% [AI] fonofos and 12% [AI] phorate). Treatments evaluated were: EXP 60166A (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 lb [AI]/acre), Thimet (3.6 lb [AI]/acre), PCC 300 (2.0 and 3.0 lb [AI]/acre), PCC 307 (1.9 and 2.5 lb [AI]/acre), and a nontreated check. Insecticides were manually sprinkled over the seed pieces in the furrow and covered with soil four days after planting. Vines were killed on 19 Feb 1991 with Paraquat Plus (1 qt/acre; 29.1% [AI]). Two 20 ft sections of row per treatment plot were harvested on 7 Apr 1991. Tubers were washed, graded for wireworm injury (tubers with ≤2 holes per tuber with a combined depth ≤3/4 inch) or damage (tubers with at least 1 to 2 holes per tuber with a combined depth &gt;3/4 inch or &gt;2 holes per tuber), cracking, sunburn, disease, etc., and fresh weight. Data for injury, damage, sunburn, and cracking are presented as a percentage of total fresh weight per harvested section of row.
Wireworm Control, 1991
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Atlantic' potatoes were planted 2 May, near Powells Point, NC, on 42 inch centers. Plots consisted of single rows, 10 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 10 ft were used between replicates. Treatments were applied with a shaker jar before planting. Materials were either placed in the bottom of the furrow, placed in a 12 inch band, or broadcast across a row. Potatoes were harvested and numbers of damaged and undamaged potatoes recorded 6 Aug.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Genetically Engineered (Transgenic) Potato Plants, 1991
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test plots using 'Russet Burbank' potatoes that had been genetically engineered to contain a transformed Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (Bt) gene were established at the UI Research and Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID. Two 'Russet Burbank' check plots and five lines, including a non-transformed (NT) line, of minitubers obtained from Monsanto, were hand planted on 20 May. All treatment plots were replicated six times. The transgenic potato lines planted ranged from pea to golf ball size mini-tubers. Due to the small average size, these tubers were planted at a shallow depth of not more than four inches. Individual plots were 1 row of ten hills (1 ft spacing between hills) with treatment rows bordered by a blank row. Between the blank rows was an untreated row of 'Russet Burbank' potatoes. Irrigation of plots was by sprinklers. No chemical controls for CPB were used other than to one of the 'Russet Burbank' check treatments when an application of Asana (0.02 lb Al/acre) was made on 11 Jul. On a weekly basis, all stages of beetles were counted and percent defoliation estimates were made using whole plant inspections of all plants within the single plot rows. Larval stages were separated into small (1-2 instar) and large (3-4 instar). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls studentized range test.
Effectiveness of Bacillus Thuringiensis Transgenic Potato Plants for Control of Colorado Potato Beetles, 1991
Authors: Stone T. , Parker G. , Lewis B. , Young D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the McCain Foods Ltd. research farm in Florenceville, New Brunswick. Seven treatments comprising four 'Russet Burbank' lines genetically modified to express the endotoxin protein of Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis, one non-expressing transgenic check line and two commercial 'Russet Burbank' checks were arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replicates. All tubers were hand planted on 22 May. The B. thuringiensis transgenic potato minitubers were sized by hand. They were planted by size with the larges tubers planted in the first replicate decreasing to the smallest in the last replicate. Due to the small size of the mini-tubers they were planted at a shallow depth of 1-3 inches. Plots were single rows of 11 plants with 12 inch spacing between plants and 3 feet between rows. Each plot was bordered on each side by one row of commercial 'Russet Burbank' potatoes. No chemical controls for CPB were used. However, beetles were hand-picked daily from one of the commercial 'Russet Burbank' checks to simulate chemical insecticide control. All stages of beetles were counted weekly on the emerged plants in each plot. Larval stages were separated into small (1-2 instars) and large (3-4 instars).
Sweetpotato Soil Insect Control, Greene Co., 1990
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Jewel' and 'Beauregard' sweetpotatoes were transplanted 14 Jun (Mocap treated plots were planted 20 Jun), near Hugo, NC, using a row spacing of 42 inches. Soil moisture was low at planting, and conditions were very dry throughout the test. Plots consisted of 3 rows, 20 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates. Preplant treatments were applied with a shaker jar (granules) or a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using a single flat fan nozzle (80-04-E) operating at 40 psi to deliver 40 gal/acre, and incorporated into the soil using a hand rake. Layby treatments were applied over the foliage using a shaker jar on 3 Aug. Sweetpotatoes were harvested, graded, and weighed on 26 Sep. A sample of sweetpotatoes from each plot was returned to the lab and evaluated for WFB and WW damage.
Insect Control on Staked Tomatoes, 1991
Authors: Palmer C. R. , Walgenbach J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set on 11 Jun, at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, NC. Plants were set 2 ft apart within rows and rows were on 10-ft centers. Single-row plots (10 plants) were separated by 10 ft of cultivated soil. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticide applications were initiated at first fruiting, and applied on 15, 22, 30 Jul, 8, 15, 23, 30 Aug, and 6 Sep. All applications were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 40 psi and delivering 50-100 gal/acre (volume increased as plants grew) through 6 hollowcone nozzles per row. Each row was sprayed on both sides with three nozzles spaced 12 inches apart on the spray wand. Extensive rains occurred throughout the trial period. During the 92 days between planting and final harvest, rain fell on 41 days. PA populations were monitored by observing ten leaves (1st leaf below terminal flower) per treatment (40 total) and recording the number infested with 2:1 apterous aphid. Thrips populations were sampled by counting total thrips in each of 10 flowers per treatment (40 flowers total). Mature fruit (pink stage) were harvested weekly from 13 Aug to 18 Sep, and those damaged by SB and lepidopterans (TFW and CL) were recorded.
Control of Leafminers and Armyworms on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring, 1991
Authors: Schuster David J. , Butler George D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 5 Mar, 15 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15-ft row with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, handheld CO2-powered sprayer on 15, 24, 30 Apr, 6, 15, and 24 May. The sprayer was operated at 40 psi and 75 gal/acre using a single nozzle fitted with a D- 5 disk and #45 core. On 6 (after spraying), 7 and 8 May, the number of sweetpotato whitefly adults was estimated by counting the number dislodged from the upper foliage of five plants per plot. The foliage was shaken over a black aluminum pan with the bottom coated with a thin layer of vegetable oil. On 31 May, the number of leafmines was counted in a 1 minute search of selected treatments. Fruit were harvested on 20, 30 May, and 6 Jun and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number and weight of fruit damaged by noctuid larvae (primarily the southern armyworm), and stink bugs (primarily the southern green stink bug) were determined.
Clover Leaf Weevil Larval Control in Alfalfa, 1991
Authors: Jarvi Keith J. , Howard Larr. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were applied to 20-25 cm tall alfalfa near West Point, NE, on 25 Apr. Plots were 16.6 × 6.6 m arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a 4-nozzle COz backpack sprayer equipped with T-jet 8002 nozzles delivering 177 liters/ha at 25 psi. Air temperature at the time of application was 18°C with a wind speed of 25 km/ h. Evaluation was by averaging the number of weevil larvae found in 2 randomly selected 30 × 30 cm areas per plot on 2 May, 7 days after application. Pretreatment counts were taken just prior to application.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1991
Authors: Karner Mile. , Goodson Jerr. , Smith L. D. , Kelley Mar. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This trial was initiated on 20 Mar on a 5 yr stand of 'Buffalo' alfalfa in Jackson County near Altus, OK, to determine efficacy of several foliar sprays for AW larvae. Insecticides were applied using a ground rig with a 15 ft boom calibrated to deliver 6.0 gal/acre at 28 psi. Plots were 15 × 100 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Larval densities were determined 2, 7, 14, and 21 DAT by collecting 10 stems from each plot and extracting larvae with Berlese funnels. Yield estimates were also taken 24 DAT.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Illinois, 1991
Authors: Oloumi-Sadeghi Hassa. , Steffey K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated on a 3-yr-old stand during the second alfalfa growth period at University of Illinois, Urbana. Plots were 40 × 50 ft with 4 replications of treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 21 Jun from a tractor-mounted sprayer with a 20-ft boom and equipped with flat fan nozzles (XR Teejet 8002VS) spaced 20,inches apart delivering 19.3 gal/acre at 30 psi. Insect abundance was estimated by taking 10 pendulum sweeps in each plot 3, 7, 10, and 16 DAT. Alfalfa stem length and plant maturity were recorded at harvest (8 Jul). Forage yield was determined from a 3.2 × 50 ft swath taken from each plot. Subsamples of the strip-harvested hay were used for crude protein determination.
Grasshopper Control in Barley, 1991
Authors: Noetzel Davi. , Ricard Michel. , Heuser Laur. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 16.2 ha barley field in Norman County near Ada, MN, was divided into 15.3 m strips 378 m long. Each strip constituted 1 plot. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. The barley was in Zadoks stage 3 (stem elongation) and the stand was quite dense. Treatments were applied on 11 Jun by a Brave 300 plane using 46.9 liter total material/ha. Treatment began at 6 PM and ended at 9 PM. Temperature at time of application was 26°C. There was a 6.2 cm rainfall 48 hours after treatment.
Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Control, 1990
Authors: Johnson D. W. , Herbek J. H. , Murdock L. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides and 2 application timings were tested for control. Plots were located on the Research and Education Center in Princeton, KY. Plots were 6 × 15 ft consisting of five 10.5 inch rows, arranged in a randomized complete block design and planted using standard agricultural practices. Foliar insecticides were applied using a C02-powered plot sprayer at the equivalent of 23 gal finished spray per acre. All plots (except unsprayed check) were treated on 7 May and one-half the plots were re-treated on 24 May. Pod damage was determined by randomized examination for CSPW exit holes, 100 pods/plot/wk for 5 wks after preliminary sampling indicated that CSPW emergence had begun. The greatest percent damage/plot was used in the analysis. Data were collected and are presented as percent damaged pods; however, analysis (SAS Proc GLM; P - 0.05) was conducted using Arcsine transformed data.
Control of Flea Beetle in Canola, Trial I, 1991
Authors: Noetzel Davi. , Holder Bobb. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A trial was established at the Northwest Experiment Station in Crookston, MN. Plot size was 1.5 m × 5.35 m and was planted with a cone type 10 row planter. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. All granular treatments were planted with the seed. A single foliar application was made to appropriate plots using 2 liters total material/37.9 m2 applied with a hand held COa sprayer. Foliar applications occurred while plants were in the cotyledon stage. Plant heights, defoliation, and stand data were collected before bloom. Yield and moisture were measured and final yields adjusted to a standard moisture content.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1991
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandr. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for control of mixed populations of northern and western corn rootworms. Both experiments were conducted on separate fields approximately 1 mile apart at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Centre at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. Corn was planted no-till on 10 May (experiment 1) and 15 May (experiment 2) using a 2-row John Deere Max Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 5 × 40 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications per treatment. Plants were counted on 10 and 11 Jun (experiment 1) and 7 and 10 Jun (experiment 2). Root damage ratings were evaluated 18 Jul (experiment 1) and 16 Jun (experiment 2) using the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting each plot for shelled corn on 23 Oct. Percent moisture of corn was determined for each plot with a moisture meter and adjusted to 15.5%.
Liquid Options for Corn Rootworm Control, 1991
Authors: Journey A. M. , Ostlie K. R. , Luedeman L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 2 rows (76 cm row spacing) X 14 m were planted on 7 Jun in a Waukegan silt loam soil at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Research Station, Rosemount. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Three different application methods were used: banded ahead of the press wheel; banded behind the press wheel; and broadcast. Treatments were also applied at 1 of 3 different times: at planting; at cultivation; and tank-mixed with the postemergence herbicide bromoxynil (Buctril) 2 E. All pesticides were applied at a rate of 217 liter/ha (20 gal/acre). In order to insure adequate rootworm pressure, approximately 3 m of each plot row were artificially infested with WCR eggs at a rate of 600 eggs per 30.5 cm on 19 Jul using the method of Sutter and Branson (1980). On 21 Aug, 5 roots were dug from each plot, washed, and rated using the Iowa 1-6 scale (subdivided into half-point increments for higher sensitivity).
Apple Ermine Moth Dose Response Bioassay to Guthion, 1991
Authors: Beers E. H. , Unruh T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted with adult female AEM. Pupae were collected from infested sites in western Washington in Jul, left to emerge in cages, sexed, and shipped to Wenatchee. Moths were kept cool until the beginning of the bioassay. Fresh, unsprayed apple leaves were dipped in a concentration series of Guthion 35 WP and allowed to dry. Leaves with dried residue were wrapped around the interior of a shell vial (1-2 leaves/vial). Two adult female moths were introduced into each vial. Mortality was evaluated at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 192 h post-treatment. Fifty moths were tested at each concentration. Moths which were injured during handling were omitted from die analyses. Both dead and moribund moths were included in mortality counts.
Early Season Galandromus (-Typhlodromus) Toxicity Trial, 1991
Authors: Beers E. H. , Browne R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted in a commercial orchard in Orondo, Washington. The orchard had a well established WPM population at bloom. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 3 treatments and 5 replications. Experimental units were single trees. Population samples were brushed leaf counts, 25 leaves per tree taken periodically through the growing season. Treatments were applied on 6 May. Applications were to the point of drip with a handgun at 300 psi. Tetranychid mites were present in the orchard but were found only occasionally and never at densities greater than 0.04 mites per leaf.
Permethrin Efficacy Trial, 1991
Authors: Luedeman L. J. , Ostlie K. R. , Journey A. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Performance of liquid and granule formulations of permethrin were evaluated against artificial ECB infestations at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. Plots measured 1 row × 9.14 m were established in corn planted 6 Jun. The middle 15 plants of each plot received 3 egg masses per plant during the late whorl stage, 1 on 18 Jul and 2 on 19 Jul. Treatments included a factorial combination of three application strategies (Ambush 2 E Broadcast, Ambush 2 E Band, and Pounce 1.5 G Band) and 4 application rates (0.056, 0.112, 0.168 and 0.224 kg(AI)/ha) plus an untreated check. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 reps. Granules were applied on 22 Jul pm using a 1-row Gandy° granular applicator. Liquids were applied on 23 Jul am with a CO2-powered back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 187 liters/ha. Broadcast treatments were applied with 8002 nozzles on a 38 cm spacing while banded treatments were applied over the row with 8004 nozzles on a 76 cm spacing. Efficacy was evaluated on 27 Aug by dissecting the 15 infested plants and counting the number of larvae and tunnels. Data were analyzed with a GLM because of a missing value. Means were separated by 2-sample t-tests.
Effect of Selected Soil Insecticides on Corn Rootworms, 1991
Authors: Oloumi-Sadeghi H. , Gray M. E. , Steffey K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil insecticides were applied at planting time at 4 locations 2 May (Urbana), 9 May (Monmouth), 10 May (DeKalb), and 22 May (Bondville). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each treatment was applied to a single 100-ft row; rows were 30 inches apart. Granular insecticides were metered through Noble units mounted on each of the planter units (John Deere, 7000 series, 4-row Max-Emerge planter). Granules were applied in-furrow or in a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels and incorporated into the soil. Liquid application of Lorsban 4 E was delivered at planting in a 7- to 10-inch band with extended range flat fan spray tips (XR Tee Jet 8004VS) mounted ahead of the firming wheels and turned perpendicular to the row for band applications. Later, the liquid was incorporated into the soil. The liquid was applied with a compressed-air system calibrated to deliver 11.5 gal/acre at 20 psi at a speed of 5 mph. Five roots were evaluated for damage in each plot using the Iowa State 1-6 scale. Stand counts were determined by recording the number of plants per 17.4 linear ft of row on 4 Jun at Urbana, 5 Jun at DeKalb and Monmouth, and 6 Jun at Bondville.
White Grub Control with Soil Insecticides at Planting, 1990
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Chaddha S. , Luedeman L. J. , Cavanaugh K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A natural white grub infestation in a corn/soybean rotation near Boyd, MN, provided the opportunity to evaluate soil insecticide performance. The site, typical of severe P. implicita infestations, was associated with a sandy loam soil near a windbreak of poplars. Insecticides were applied at planting on 4 May using planter-mounted Noble granular applicators calibrated to deliver the desired rates at 6.4 km/ha. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Plots measured 1 row × 60 m. Surviving stand was evaluated 14 Jun by counting all live plants; wilting, severely stunted, or “dead heart” plants were excluded. Final stand, ear number and yield, adjusted to 15.5% moisture, were measured at harvest on 23 Oct. Because a thrown chain caused insecticide misapplication on some plots, a GLM was used and least-square means were calculated.
White Grub Control with Soil Insecticides—Large Plot Trial, 1990
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Chaddha S. , Luedeman L. J. , Cavanaugh K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A natural white grub infestation in a corn/soybean rotation near Boyd, MN, provided the opportunity to evaluate soil insecticide performance. The site, typical of severe P. implicita infestations, was associated with a sandy loam soil near a windbreak of populars. Insecticides were applied at planting on 4 May using planter-mounted Noble granular applicators calibrated to deliver the desired rates at 6.4 km/ha. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots measured 4 rows × 180 m. Surviving stand was evaluated 27 Jun by counting all live plants; wilting, severely stunted, or “dead heart” plants were excluded. Yield, adjusted to 15.5% moisture, was measured on 23 Oct.
Timing of Insecticide Applications Against Second-Generation European Corn Borer, 1991
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Luedeman L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of Penncap M 2 FM at 5 different timings was evaluated against second-generation ECB in a commercial production field at the Southwest Experiment Station in Lamberton, MN. The field, planted on 3 Jun to an 85 day RM variety, was tasseling and silking as the second generation moth flight peaked; it attracted significant egg laying (&gt;2.5 egg masses per plant). Treatments were applied at 3-4 day intervals beginning 6 Aug to plots measuring 4 rows (76 cm centers) X 30 m. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Applications were made with a Hagie Hi-Boy sprayer at 6.4 km/h delivering 174 liters/ha through 8002E drop nozzles. Application dates of 6, 9, 13, 16, and 20 Aug corresponded to ECB infestation predominantly in these stages: egg (15% hatch), egg and first instar (55% hatch), first instar (80% hatch), 2nd instar, and 3rd instar, respectively. Efficacy was evaluated on 18 Sep by dissecting 20 plants and counting tunnels in ear shank and stalk. Preharvest measurements of broken stalks, ear droppage, and % kernels damaged were made on 25 Sep. Plots were harvested by combine on 11 Oct and yields adjusted to 15.5% moisture.