bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Geometric Properties of Nonparametric $$\mu $$-Surfaces in $$\pmb {{\mathbb {R}}}^3$$
Authors: Bildhauer Michael , Fuchs Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSmooth solutions of the equation$$\begin{aligned} {\text {div}}\, \Bigg \{ \frac{g'\big (|\nabla u|\big )}{|\nabla u|} \nabla u \Bigg \} = 0 \end{aligned}$$div{g′(|∇u|)|∇u|∇u}=0are considered generating nonparametric$$\mu $$μ-surfaces in$${\mathbb {R}}^3$$R3, whenevergis a function of linear growth satisfying in addition$$\begin{aligned} \int _0^\infty s g''(s) \mathrm{d}s < \infty . \end{aligned}$$∫0∞sg′′(s)ds<∞.Particular examples are$$\mu $$μ-elliptic energy densitiesgwith exponent$$\mu > 2$$μ>2(see Bildhauer and Fuchs in Rend Mat Appl 22(7):249–274, 2003) and the minimal surfaces belong to the class of 3-surfaces. Generalizing the minimal surface case we prove the closedness of a suitable differential form$${\hat{N}}\wedge \mathrm{d}X$$N^∧dX. As a corollary we find an asymptotic conformal parametrization generated by this differential form.
The interaction of history and STEM learning goals in teacher-developed curriculum materials: opportunities and challenges for STEAM education
Authors: Park Wonyong , Cho Hohee 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough the integration of subjects in the curriculum has been advocated in recent years, there exist limited opportunities for teachers of different subjects to implement integrated curricula in schools collaboratively. In this paper, we consider history as a humanities subject that could be integrated with STEM and explore the diverse history-related learning goals found in teacher-developed STEAM curriculum materials. Using integrated STEAM curricula developed by 13 cross-subject teacher teams in Korea, we analyze the presentation of history-related learning goals in the curricula and report several patterns identified across the curricula. First, the majority of the curricula aimed for the learners to identify themselves in their regional and national histories, but other levels of identification were also aimed for. Second, all the curricula included goals related to historical analysis skills, which were sometimes integrated with scientific inquiry skills. Third, we found several goals related to eliciting students’ moral response to history, particularly when the curriculum topic concerned issues at the national level. Fourth, the integration of subjects allowed for exhibiting learners’ historical understanding through various activities and in explanatory, persuasive, and imaginative manners. Overall, the analysis pointed to several ways in which the goals of history learning can interact with those of STEM learning, which can be useful for future research and practice in integrated curriculum. We discuss some potential challenges of integrating history with STEM, such as issues that can arise from the use of the “nation” as a context for STEAM learning.
What is an emergency? Neonicotinoids and emergency situations in plant protection in the EU
Authors: Epstein Yaffa , Chapron Guillaume , Verheggen François 
Published: January 2022

AbstractActions potentially harmful to the environment that are otherwise illegal are sometimes permitted in cases of emergency. How to define an emergency can therefore be both controversial and highly consequential. In this article, we explore one such contemporary controversy: when the use of neonicotinoid pesticides, banned in the EU, can nevertheless be granted an emergency authorization. We analyse several questions, currently before the EU Court of Justice in the ongoing Pesticide Action Network Europe and Others case, that will determine the scope of an “emergency” in the context of derogating from the Pesticide Regulation, and that may impact how “emergencies” are defined in other legal contexts. We argue that the circumstances do not support a legal finding that emergency authorization is justified in this case, and that, in general, “emergencies” must be narrowly defined when justifying measures that involve risks to human health and the environment.
Classical vs. non-Archimedean analysis: an approach via algebraic genericity
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez J. , Maghsoudi S. , Rodríguez-Vidanes D. L. , Seoane-Sepúlveda J. B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we show new results and improvements of the non-Archimedean counterpart of classical analysis in the theory of lineability. Besides analyzing the algebraic genericity of sets of functions having properties regarding continuity, discontinuity, Lipschitzianity, differentiability and analyticity, we also study the lineability of sets of sequences having properties concerning boundedness and convergence. In particular we show (among several other results) the algebraic genericity of: (i) functions that do not satisfy Liouville’s theorem, (ii) sequences that do not satisfy the classical theorem of Cèsaro, or (iii) functionals that do not satisfy the classical Hahn–Banach theorem.
Time-based evaluation of bioavailable phosphorus in a calcareous soil after the application of anaerobically digested sewage sludge
Authors: Cristina G. , Camelin E. , Garofalo S. Fraterrigo , Salomone F. , Pugliese M. , Gullino M. L. , Tommasi T. , Fino D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNowadays, phosphorus natural reserves are being depleted, while P fertilizers demand is increasing. Phosphorus is well contained in waste materials such as sewage sludge. Only a small amount (1–3%) of the soil total phosphorus is bioavailable for plant nutrition. More in detail, the present study focuses on the determination of the kinetics of bioavailable phosphorus concentrations in a sandy calcareous soil after the application of sewage sludge. A centrifuged (C) and dried (D) anaerobic digestate from sewage sludges obtained from the same wastewater treatment plan were separately tested to fertilize a calcareous sandy soil. Falcon tubes (50 mL) containing negative control (T) and soil treated with C and D were incubated from 1 to 90 days. Soil phosphorus fractionation was performed with the SMT method and bioavailable-P was extracted through the Olsen method. Phosphorus was spectrophotometrically quantified by the molybdovanadate method. Lastly, kinetics of bioavailable-P on soils were evaluated using four kinetic models. Phosphorus fractions were constant throughout the experiment. Conversely, the bioavailable-P significantly decreased from day 1 to day 90 in C treatment (from 34.9 ± 2.9 to 23.8 ± 1.5 ppm) and T treatment (from 4.2 ± 1.2 to 0.3 ± 0.6 ppm). This decrease might be due to the precipitation of P with calcium; in fact, high concentration of Ca2+ ions and the alkaline soil pH can induce the sequential formation of calcium phosphates, even less soluble over time. Whereas D treatment showed a peak of bioavailable-P concentration on day 14 (26.6 ± 3.0). This trend could be due to organic carbon compounds, competitive sorption and metal bridging. The fitting of experimental data revealed that the Elovich model best described the adsorptive-precipitate process of bioavailable-P in T (r2 = 0.90) and C (r2 = 0.93). Conversely, none of the models satisfactorily described the behavior of bioavailable-P in D samples. This study increases the knowledge on P-related phenomena for designing and optimizing fertilizers and reducing their drawbacks such as eutrophication.
Well-posedness for a stochastic 2D Euler equation with transport noise
Authors: Lang Oana , Crisan Dan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe prove the existence of a unique global strong solution for a stochastic two-dimensional Euler vorticity equation for incompressible flows with noise of transport type. In particular, we show that the initial smoothness of the solution is preserved. The arguments are based on approximating the solution of the Euler equation with a family of viscous solutions which is proved to be relatively compact using a tightness criterion by Kurtz.
Dynamic characteristics of a switch and crossing on the West Coast main line in the UK
Authors: Shih Jou-Yi , Weston Paul , Entezami Mani , Roberts Clive 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRailway switches and crossings constitute a small fraction of linear track length but consume a large proportion of the railway track system maintenance budget. While switch and crossing (S&C) faults rarely prevent trains from running, switches and crossings are the source of many faults and need continual attention. On the rare occasions when trains are prevented from running the cost of the disruption is very high. Condition monitoring of the point operating equipment that moves the switchblades has been in use for many years but condition monitoring of the state of the switch in terms of the support and mechanical damage as trains pass over has only recently started to become possible. To this end, it is important to understand the correlation between S&C faults and sensor data that can detect those faults. This paper assesses some of the data collected from multiple sensors variously positioned on and around a switch and crossing on the UK mainline for a few days of normal train operation. Accelerometers, geophones, and strain gauges were installed at the locations where they were anticipated to be most useful. Forces at the load transfer point on the crossing nose were estimated from two separate strain gauge bridges and possible use of acceleration on the crossing is discussed. Correlations between different data are analysed and assessed and correlation between peak estimated load transfer forces and accelerations is presented. Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the different types of dynamic information around S&Cs that can be obtained from a variety of sensor types.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-associated subacute thyroiditis: insights from a systematic review
Authors: Ippolito S. , Gallo D. , Rossini A. , Patera B. , Lanzo N. , Fazzino G. F. M. , Piantanida E. , Tanda M. L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To perform a systematic review on published cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, to highlight main features and increase the awareness of this condition.

Methods
Original reports of SAT developed after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (mRNA, viral vector, or inactivated virus vaccines) were retrieved from a search of electronic databases. Individual patient data on demographics, medical history, type of vaccine, workup and therapies were collected. Wilcoxon rank-sum, Kruskal–Wallis and chi-squared tests were employed for comparisons.

Results
30 articles including 48 reports were retrieved, 3 additional cases evaluated by the Authors were described and included for analysis. Of the 51 patients, 38 (74.5%) were women, median age was 39.5 years (IQR 34–47). Patients developed SAT after a median of 10 days (IQR 4–14) after the vaccine shot. Baseline thyroid exams revealed thyrotoxicosis in 88.2% of patients, decreasing at 31.6% at follow-up. Corticosteroids were used in 56.4% of treated patients. Patients undergoing non-mRNA vaccines were most frequently Asian (p = 0.019) and reported more frequently weight loss (p = 0.021). All patients with a previous diagnosis of thyroid disease belonged to the mRNA vaccine group.

Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-associated SAT is a novel entity that should be acknowledged by physicians. Previous history of thyroid disease may predispose to develop SAT after mRNA vaccines, but further studies and larger cohorts are needed to verify this suggestion. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-associated SAT is usually of mild/moderate severity and could be easily treated in most cases, thus it should not raise any concern regarding the need to be vaccinated.
Self-Healing, Self-Adhesive and Stable Organohydrogel-Based Stretchable Oxygen Sensor with High Performance at Room Temperature
Authors: Liang Yuning , Wu Zixuan , Wei Yaoming , Ding Qiongling , Zilberman Meital , Tao Kai , Xie Xi , Wu Jin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the advent of the 5G era and the rise of the Internet of Things, various sensors have received unprecedented attention, especially wearable and stretchable sensors in the healthcare field. Here, a stretchable, self-healable, self-adhesive, and room-temperature oxygen sensor with excellent repeatability, a full concentration detection range (0-100%), low theoretical limit of detection (5.7 ppm), high sensitivity (0.2%/ppm), good linearity, excellent temperature, and humidity tolerances is fabricated by using polyacrylamide-chitosan (PAM-CS) double network (DN) organohydrogel as a novel transducing material. The PAM-CS DN organohydrogel is transformed from the PAM-CS composite hydrogel using a facile soaking and solvent replacement strategy. Compared with the pristine hydrogel, the DN organohydrogel displays greatly enhanced mechanical strength, moisture retention, freezing resistance, and sensitivity to oxygen. Notably, applying the tensile strain improves both the sensitivity and response speed of the organohydrogel-based oxygen sensor. Furthermore, the response to the same concentration of oxygen before and after self-healing is basically the same. Importantly, we propose an electrochemical reaction mechanism to explain the positive current shift of the oxygen sensor and corroborate this sensing mechanism through rationally designed experiments. The organohydrogel oxygen sensor is used to monitor human respiration in real-time, verifying the feasibility of its practical application. This work provides ideas for fabricating more stretchable, self-healable, self-adhesive, and high-performance gas sensors using ion-conducting organohydrogels.
Ultra-Low-Dose Pre-Metallation Strategy Served for Commercial Metal-Ion Capacitors
Authors: Song Zirui , Zhang Guiyu , Deng Xinglan , Zou Kangyu , Xiao Xuhuan , Momen Roya , Massoudi Abouzar , Deng Wentao , Hu Jiugang , Hou Hongshuai , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: January 2022

Highlights

Interfacial bonding strategy has been successfully applied to address the high overpotential issue of sacrificial additives, which reduced the decompositon potential of Na2C2O4 from 4.50 to 3.95 V.

Ultra-low-dose technique assisted commercial sodium ion capacitor (AC//HC) could deliver a remarkable energy density of 118.2 Wh kg−1 as well as excellent cycle stability.

In-depth decomposition mechanism of sacrificial compound and the relative influence after pre-metallation were revealed by advanced in situ and ex situ characterization approaches.

Abstract
Sacrificial pre-metallation strategy could compensate for the irreversible consumption of metal ions and reduce the potential of anode, thereby elevating the cycle performance as well as open-circuit voltage for full metal ion capacitors (MICs). However, suffered from massive-dosage abuse, exorbitant decomposition potential, and side effects of decomposition residue, the wide application of sacrificial approach was restricted. Herein, assisted with density functional theory calculations, strongly coupled interface (M–O–C, M = Li/Na/K) and electron donating group have been put forward to regulate the band gap and highest occupied molecular orbital level of metal oxalate (M2C2O4), reducing polarization phenomenon and Gibbs free energy required for decomposition, which eventually decrease the practical decomposition potential from 4.50 to 3.95 V. Remarkably, full sodium ion capacitors constituted of commercial materials (activated carbon//hard carbon) could deliver a prominent energy density of 118.2 Wh kg−1 as well as excellent cycle stability under an ultra-low dosage pre-sodiation reagent of 15–30 wt% (far less than currently 100 wt%). Noteworthily, decomposition mechanism of sacrificial compound and the relative influence on the system of MICs after pre-metallation were initially revealed by in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, offering in-depth insights for comprehending the function of cathode additives. In addition, this breakthrough has been successfully utilized in high performance lithium/potassium ion capacitors with Li2C2O4/K2C2O4 as pre-metallation reagent, which will convincingly promote the commercialization of MICs.
Data-Based Interpretable Modeling for Property Forecasting and Sensitivity Analysis of Li-ion Battery Electrode
Authors: Liu Kailong , Peng Qiao , Li Kang , Chen Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium-ion batteries have become one of the most promising technologies for speeding up clean automotive applications, where electrode plays a pivotal role in determining battery performance. Due to the strongly-coupled and highly complex processes to produce battery electrode, it is imperative to develop an effective solution that can predict the properties of battery electrode and perform reliable sensitivity analysis on the key features and parameters during the production process. This paper proposes a novel tree boosting model-based framework to analyze and predict how the battery electrode properties vary with respect to parameters during the early production stage. Three data-based interpretable models including AdaBoost, LPBoost, and TotalBoost are presented and compared. Four key parameters including three slurry feature variables and one coating process parameter are analyzed to quantify their effects on both mass loading and porosity of battery electrode. The results demonstrate that the proposed tree model-based framework is capable of providing efficient quantitative analysis on the importance and correlation of the related parameters and producing satisfying early-stage prediction of battery electrode properties. These can benefit a deep understanding of battery electrodes and facilitate to optimizing battery electrode design for automotive applications.
Deep Neural Network Based Real-Time Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Thirimanne Sharuka Promodya , Jayawardana Lasitha , Yasakethu Lasith , Liyanaarachchi Pushpika , Hewage Chaminda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, due to the rapid growth in network technology, numerous types of intrusions have been uncovered that differ from the existing ones, and the conventional firewalls with specific rule sets and policies are incapable of identifying those intrusions in real-time. Therefore, that demands the requirement of a real-time intrusion detection system (RT-IDS). The ultimate purpose of this research is to construct an RT-IDS capable of identifying intrusions by analysing the inbound and outbound network data in real-time. The proposed system consists of a deep neural network (DNN) trained using 28 features of the NSL-KDD dataset. In addition, it contains the machine learning (ML) pipeline with sequential components for categorical data encoding and feature scaling, which is used before transmitting the real-time data to the trained DNN model to make predictions. Moreover, a real-time feature extractor, which is a C++ program that sniffs data from the real-time network traffic and derives relevant data related to the features of the NSL-KDD dataset using the sniffed data, is deployed between the gateway router and the local area network (LAN). Together with the trained DNN model, the ML pipeline is hosted in a server that can be accessed via a representational state transfer application programming interface (REST API). The DNN has revealed outstanding testing performance results achieving 81%, 96%, 70% and 81% for accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score accordingly. This research comprises a comprehensive technical explanation concerning the implementation and functionality of the complete system. Moreover, leveraging the extensive explanations provided in this paper, advanced IDSs capable of identifying modern intrusions can be constructed.
Latitude, Elevation, and Mean Annual Temperature Predict Peat Organic Matter Chemistry at a Global Scale
Authors: Verbeke Brittany A. , Lamit Louis J. , Lilleskov Erik A. , Hodgkins Suzanne B. , Basiliko Nathan , Kane Evan S. , Andersen Roxane , Artz Rebekka R. E. , Benavides Juan C. , Benscoter Brian W. , Borken Werner , Bragazza Luca , Brandt Stefani M. , Bräuer Suzanna L. , Carson Michael A. , Charman Dan , Chen Xin , Clarkson Beverley R. , Cobb Alexander R. , Convey Peter , Pasquel Jhon del Águila , Enriquez Andrea S. , Griffiths Howard , Grover Samantha P. , Harvey Charles F. , Harris Lorna I. , Hazard Christina , Hodgson Dominic , Hoyt Alison M. , Hribljan John , Jauhiainen Jyrki , Juutinen Sari , Knorr Klaus‐Holger , Kolka Randall K. , Könönen Mari , Larmola Tuula , McCalley Carmody K. , McLaughlin James , Moore Tim R. , Mykytczuk Nadia , Normand Anna E. , Rich Virginia , Roulet Nigel , Royles Jessica , Rutherford Jasmine , Smith David S. , Svenning Mette M. , Tedersoo Leho , Thu Pham Q. , Trettin Carl C. , Tuittila Eeva‐Stiina , Urbanová Zuzana , Varner Ruth K. , Wang Meng , Wang Zheng , Warren Matt , Wiedermann Magdalena M. , Williams Shanay , Yavitt Joseph B. , Yu Zhi‐Guo , Yu Zicheng , Chanton Jeffrey P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeatlands contain a significant fraction of global soil carbon, but how these reservoirs will respond to the changing climate is still relatively unknown. A global picture of the variations in peat organic matter chemistry will aid our ability to gauge peatland soil response to climate. The goal of this research is to test the hypotheses that (a) peat carbohydrate content, an indicator of soil organic matter reactivity, will increase with latitude and decrease with mean annual temperatures, (b) while peat aromatic content, an indicator of recalcitrance, will vary inversely, and (c) elevation will have a similar effect to latitude. We used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to examine variations in the organic matter functional groups of 1034 peat samples collected from 10 to 20, 30–40, and 60–70 cm depths at 165 individual sites across a latitudinal gradient of 79°N–65°S and from elevations of 0–4,773 m. Carbohydrate contents of high latitude peat were significantly greater than peat originating near the equator, while aromatic content showed the opposite trend. For peat from similar latitudes but different elevations, the carbohydrate content was greater and aromatic content was lower at higher elevations. Higher carbohydrate content at higher latitudes indicates a greater potential for mineralization, whereas the chemical composition of low latitude peat is consistent with their apparent relative stability in the face of warmer temperatures. The combination of low carbohydrates and high aromatics at warmer locations near the equator suggests the mineralization of high latitude peat until reaching recalcitrance under a new temperature regime.