bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of impact of person-centred interventions for serious physical illness in terms of outcomes and costs
Authors: Nkhoma Kennedy Bashan , Cook Amelia , Giusti Alessandra , Farrant Lindsay , Petrus Ruwayda , Petersen I , Gwyther Liz , Venkatapuram Sridhar , Harding Richard 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPerson-centred care (PCC) is being internationally recognised as a critical attribute of high-quality healthcare. The International Alliance of Patients Organisations defines PCC as care that is focused and organised around people, rather than disease. Focusing on delivery, we aimed to review and evaluate the evidence from interventions that aimed to deliver PCC for people with serious physical illness and identify models of PCC interventions.MethodsSystematic review of literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, using the following key concepts: patient/person-centred care, family centred care, family based care, individualised care, holistic care, serious illness, chronic illness, long-term conditions from inception to April 2022. Due to heterogeneity of interventions and populations studied, narrative synthesis was conducted. Study quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs checklist.ResultsWe screened n=6156 papers. Seventy-two papers (reporting n=55 different studies) were retained in the review. Most of these studies (n=47) were randomised controlled trials. Our search yielded two main types of interventions: (1) studies with self-management components and (2) technology-based interventions. We synthesised findings across these two models:Self-management component: the interventions consisted of training of patients and/or caregivers or staff. Some studies reported that interventions had effect in reduction hospital admissions, improving quality of life and reducing costs of care.Technology-based interventions: consisted of mobile phone, mobile app, tablet/computer and video. Although some interventions showed improvements for self-efficacy, hospitalisations and length of stay, quality of life did not improve across most studies.DiscussionPCC interventions using self-management have some effects in reducing costs of care and improving quality of life. Technology-based interventions improves self-efficacy but has no effect on quality of life. However, very few studies used self-management and technology approaches. Further work is needed to identify how self-management and technology approaches can be used to manage serious illness.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018108302.
Does digital, multimedia information increase recruitment and retention in a children’s wrist fracture treatment trial, and what do people think of it? A randomised controlled Study Within A Trial (SWAT)
Authors: Moe-Byrne Thirimon , Knapp Peter , Perry Daniel , Achten Juul , Spoors Louise , Appelbe Duncan , Roche Jenny , Martin-Kerry Jacqueline M , Sheridan Rebecca , Higgins Steven 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate digital, multimedia information (MMI) for its effects on trial recruitment, retention, decisions about participation and acceptability by patients, compared with printed information.DesignStudy Within A Trial using random cluster allocation within the Forearm Fracture Recovery in Children Evaluation (FORCE) study.SettingEmergency departments in 23 UK hospitals.Participants1409 children aged 4–16 years attending with a torus (buckle) fracture, and their parents/guardian. Children’s mean age was 9.2 years, 41.0% were female, 77.4% were ethnically White and 90.0% spoke English as a first language.InterventionsParticipants and their parents/guardian received trial information either via multimedia, including animated videos, talking head videos and text (revised for readability and age appropriateness when needed) on tablet computer (MMI group; n=681), or printed participant information sheet (PIS group; n=728).Outcome measuresPrimary outcome was recruitment rate to FORCE. Secondary outcomes were Decision-Making Questionnaire (nine Likert items, analysed summatively and individually), three ‘free text’ questions (deriving subjective evaluations) and trial retention.ResultsMMI produced a small, not statistically significant increase in recruitment: 475 (69.8%) participants were recruited from the MMI group; 484 (66.5%) from the PIS group (OR=1.35; 95% CI 0.76 to 2.40, p=0.31). A total of 324 (23.0%) questionnaires were returned and analysed. There was no difference in total Decision-Making Questionnaire scores: adjusted mean difference 0.05 (95% CI −1.23 to 1.32, p=0.94). The MMI group was more likely to report the information ‘very easy’ to understand (89; 57.8% vs 67; 39.4%; Z=2.60, p=0.01) and identify information that was explained well (96; 62.3% vs 71; 41.8%). Almost all FORCE recruits were retained at the 6 weeks’ timepoint and there was no difference in retention rate between the information groups: MMI (473; 99.6%); PIS (481; 99.4%).ConclusionsMMI did not increase recruitment or retention in the FORCE trial, but participants rated multimedia as easier to understand and were more likely to evaluate it positively.Trial registration numberISRCTN73136092 and ISRCTN13955395.
Blood eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin are associated with different asthma expression and evolution in adults
Authors: Granger Vanessa , Zerimech Farid , Arab Jinan , Siroux Valerie , de Nadai Patricia , Tsicopoulos Anne , Matran Régis , Akiki Zeina , Nadif Rachel 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundEosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) are proteins released by activated eosinophils whose role in adult asthma remains unclear.ObjectiveTo study associations between ECP, EDN and various asthma characteristics in adults from the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA).MethodsPlasma ECP and EDN levels were measured by ELISA. Cross-sectional analyses were performed in 941 adults (43±16 years old, 39% with asthma) at EGEA2 (2003–2007). Longitudinal analyses investigated the associations between EDN level at EGEA2 and changes in asthma characteristics between EGEA2 and EGEA3 (2011–2013, n=817). We used generalised estimated equations adjusted for age, sex, smoking status and body mass index to take into account familial dependence.ResultsAt EGEA2, both high ECP and EDN levels were associated with current asthma (adjusted OR (aOR) (95% CI): 1.69 (1.35–2.12) and 2.12 (1.76–2.57)). Among asthmatics, high EDN level was associated with asthma attacks (aOR: 1.50 (1.13–1.99)), wheezing and breathlessness (aOR: 1.38 (1.05–1.80)), use of asthma treatments (aOR: 1.91 (1.37–2.68)) and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (aOR: 2.03 (1.38–2.97)), even after further adjustment on ECP. High ECP level was associated with high neutrophil count and tended to be associated with chronic bronchitis. High EDN level at EGEA2 was associated with persistent asthma (aOR: 1.62 (1.04–2.52)), nocturnal symptoms (aOR from 2.19 to 3.57), worsening wheezing and breathlessness (aOR: 1.97 (1.36–2.85)) and nocturnal shortness of breath (aOR: 1.44 (1.04–1.98)) between EGEA2 and EGEA3.ConclusionsEDN and ECP were associated with different asthma expression in adults. EDN could be a potential biomarker to monitor asthma evolution in adults.
On the superiority of the $$|V_{cb}|-\gamma $$ plots over the unitarity triangle plots in the 2020s
Authors: Buras Andrzej J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe unitarity triangle (UT) plots played already for three decades an important role in the tests of the Standard Model (SM) and the determination of the CKM parameters. As of 2022, among the four CKM parameters, $$|V_{us}|$$

|

V

us

|

and $$\beta $$
β
are already measured with respectable precision, while this is not the case of $$|V_{cb}|$$

|

V

cb

|

and $$\gamma $$
γ
. In the case of $$|V_{cb}|$$

|

V

cb

|

the main obstacle are the significant tensions between its inclusive and exclusive determinations from tree-level decays and it could still take some years before a unique value of this parameter will be known. The present uncertainty in $$\gamma $$
γ
of $$4^\circ $$

4
∘

from tree-level decays will be reduced to $$1^\circ $$

1
∘

by the LHCb and Belle II collaborations in the coming years. Unfortunately in the common UT plots $$|V_{cb}|$$

|

V

cb

|

is not seen and the experimental improvements in the determination of $$\gamma $$
γ
from tree-level decays at the level of a few degrees are difficult to appreciate. In view of these deficiencies of the UT plots with respect to $$|V_{cb}|$$

|

V

cb

|

and $$\gamma $$
γ
and the central role these two CKM parameters will play in this decade, the recently proposed plots of $$|V_{cb}|$$

|

V

cb

|

versus $$\gamma $$
γ
extracted from various processes appear to be superior to the UT plots in the flavour phenomenology of the 2020s. We illustrate this idea with $$\Delta F=2$$

Δ
F
=
2

observables $$\Delta M_s$$

Δ

M
s

, $$\Delta M_d$$

Δ

M
d

, $$\varepsilon _K$$

ε
K

and with rare decays $$B_s\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$

B
s

→

μ
+

μ
-

, $$B_d\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$

B
d

→

μ
+

μ
-

, $$K^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\nu \bar{\nu }$$

K
+

→

π
+

ν

ν

¯

and $$K_L\rightarrow \pi ^0\nu \bar{\nu }$$

K
L

→

π
0

ν

ν

¯

. In particular the power of $$\varepsilon _K$$

ε
K

, $$\mathcal {B}(K^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\nu \bar{\nu })$$

B
(

K
+

→

π
+

ν

ν

¯

)

and $$\mathcal {B}(K_L\rightarrow \pi ^0\nu \bar{\nu })$$

B
(

K
L

→

π
0

ν

ν

¯

)

in the determination of $$|V_{cb}|$$

|

V

cb

|

, due to their strong dependence on $$|V_{cb}|$$

|

V

cb

|

, is transparently exhibited in this manner. Combined with future reduced errors on $$\gamma $$
γ
and $$|V_{cb}|$$

|

V

cb

|

from tree-level decays such plots can better exhibit possible inconsistencies between various determinations of these two parameters, caused by new physics, than it is possible with the UT plots. This can already be illustrated on the example of the recently found $$2.7\sigma $$

2.7
σ

anomaly in $$B_s\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$

B
s

→

μ
+

μ
-

.
Exponentially Faster Shortest Paths in the Congested Clique
Authors: Dory Michal , Parter Merav 
Published: July 2022

We present improved deterministic algorithms for approximating shortest paths in the
Congested Clique
model of distributed computing. We obtain poly(log log
n
)-round algorithms for the following problems in unweighted undirected
n
-vertex graphs:

( 1 +
ϵ
)-approximation of multi-source shortest paths (MSSP) from
O
(√
n
) sources.

(2 +
ϵ
)-approximation of all pairs shortest paths (APSP).

(1 +
ϵ
, β)-approximation of APSP where
β
=
O
(log log
n
/
ϵ
)

log log
n

.

These bounds improve
exponentially
over the state-of-the-art poly-logarithmic bounds due to [Censor-Hillel et al., PODC19]. It also provides the first nearly-additive bounds for the APSP problem in sub-polynomial time. Our approach is based on distinguishing between short and long distances based on some distance threshold
t = O
(
β
/
ϵ
) where
β
=
O
(log log
n
/
ϵ
)

log log
n

. Handling the long distances is done by devising a new algorithm for computing a sparse (1 +
ϵ
,
β
) emulator with
O
(
n
log log
n
) edges. For the short distances, we provide
distance-sensitive
variants for the distance tool-kit of [Censor-Hillel et al., PODC19]. By exploiting the fact that this tool-kit should be applied only on local balls of radius
t
, their round complexities get improved from poly (log
n
) to poly (log
t
).

Finally, our deterministic solutions for these problems are based on a derandomization scheme of a novel variant of the hitting set problem, which might be of independent interest.
Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Using Clinical and Genetic Risk Scores for Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Ramírez Julia , van Duijvenboden Stefan , Young William J. , Tinker Andrew , Lambiase Pier D. , Orini Michele , Munroe Patricia B. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) are the leading causes of death in the general population, but risk stratification remains suboptimal. CAD genetic risk scores (GRSs) predict risk independently from clinical tools, like QRISK3. We assessed the added value of GRSs for a variety of cardiovascular traits (CV GRSs) for predicting CAD and MACE and tested their early-life screening potential by comparing against the CAD GRS only.

Methods:
We used data from 379 581 participants in the UK Biobank without known cardiovascular conditions (follow-up, 11.3 years; 3.3% CAD cases and 5.2% MACE cases). In a training subset (50%) we built 3 scores: QRISK3; QRISK3 and an established CAD GRS; and QRISK3, the CAD GRS and the CV GRSs. In an independent subset (50%), we evaluated each score’s performance using the concordance index, odds ratio and net reclassification index. We then repeated the analyses without considering QRISK3.

Results:
For CAD, the combination of QRISK3 and the CAD GRS had a better performance than QRISK3 alone (concordance index, 0.766 versus 0.753; odds ratio, 5.47 versus 4.82; net reclassification index, 7.7%). Adding the CV GRSs did not significantly improve risk stratification. When only looking at genetic information, the combination of CV GRSs and the CAD GRS had a better performance than the CAD GRS alone (concordance index, 0.637 versus 0.625; odds ratio, 2.17 versus 2.07; net reclassification index, 3.3%). Similar results were obtained for MACE.

Conclusions:
In individuals without known cardiovascular disease, the inclusion of CV GRSs to a clinical tool and an established CAD GRS does not improve CAD or MACE risk stratification. However, their combination only with the CAD GRS increases prediction performance indicating potential use in early-life screening before the advanced development of conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
Intestinal Gastrin/CCKBR (Cholecystokinin B Receptor) Ameliorates Salt-Sensitive Hypertension by Inhibiting Intestinal Na
+
/H
+
Exchanger 3 Activity Through a PKC (Protein Kinase C)-Mediated NHERF1 and NHERF2 Pathway
Authors: Jiang Xiaoliang , Liu Yunpeng , Zhang Xin-Yang , Liu Xue , Liu Xing , Wu Xianxian , Jose Pedro A. , Duan Shun , Xu Fu-Jian , Yang Zhiwei 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The present study directly tested the crucial role of intestinal gastrin/CCKBR (cholecystokinin B receptor) in the treatment of salt-sensitive hypertension.

Methods:

Adult intestine-specific
Cckbr
-knockout mice (
Cckbr
fl/fl
villin-Cre
) and Dahl salt-sensitive rats were studied on the effect of high salt intake (8% NaCl, 6–7 weeks) on intestinal Na
+/
H
+
exchanger 3 expression, urine sodium concentration, and blood pressure. High-salt diet increased urine sodium concentration and systolic blood pressure to a greater extent in
Cckbr
fl/fl
villin-Cre
mice and Dahl salt-sensitive rats than their respective controls,
Cckbr
fl/fl
villin
mice and SS13
BN
rats. We constructed gastrin-SiO
2
microspheres to enable gastrin to stimulate specifically and selectively intestinal CCKBR without its absorption into the circulation.

Results:

Gastrin-SiO
2
microspheres treatment prevented the high salt-induced hypertension and increase in urine Na concentration by inhibiting intestinal Na
+/
H
+
exchanger 3 trafficking and activity, increasing stool sodium without inducing diarrhea. Gastrin-mediated inhibition of intestinal Na
+/
H
+
exchanger 3 activity, related to a PKC (protein kinase C)-mediated activation of NHERF1 and NHERF2.

Conclusions:

These results support a crucial role of intestinal gastrin/CCKBR in decreasing intestinal sodium absorption and keeping the blood pressure in the normal range. The gastrointestinal administration of gastrin-SiO
2
microspheres is a promising and safe strategy to treat salt-sensitive hypertension without side effects.
MANP Activation Of The cGMP Inhibits Aldosterone Via PDE2 And CYP11B2 In H295R Cells And In Mice
Authors: Chen Yang , Iyer Seethalakshmi R. , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. , Naro Fabio , Pellegrini Manuela , Cardarelli Silvia , Ma Xiao , Lee Hon-Chi , Burnett John C. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Aldosterone is a critical pathological driver for cardiac and renal diseases. We recently discovered that mutant atrial natriuretic peptide (MANP), a novel atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) analog, possessed more potent aldosterone inhibitory action than ANP in vivo. MANP and natriuretic peptide (NP)-augmenting therapy sacubitril/valsartan are under investigations for human hypertension treatment. Understanding the elusive mechanism of aldosterone inhibition by NPs remains to be a priority. Conflicting results were reported on the roles of the pGC-A (particulate guanylyl cyclase A receptor) and NP clearance receptor in aldosterone inhibition. Furthermore, the function of PKG (protein kinase G) and PDEs (phosphodiesterases) on aldosterone regulation are not clear.

Methods:
In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of aldosterone regulation in a human adrenocortical cell line H295R and in mice.

Results:
We first provided evidence to show that pGC-A, not NP clearance receptor, mediates aldosterone inhibition. Next, we confirmed that MANP inhibits aldosterone via PDE2 (phosphodiesterase 2) not PKG, with specific agonists, antagonists, siRNA silencing, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments. Further, the inhibitory effect is mediated by a reduction of intracellular Ca2+ levels. We then illustrated that MANP directly reduces aldosterone synthase CYP11B2 (cytochrome p450 family 11 subfamily b member 2) expression via PDE2. Last, in PDE2 knockout mice, consistent with in vitro findings, embryonic adrenal CYP11B2 is markedly increased.

Conclusions:
Our results innovatively explore and expand the NP/pGC-A/3',5', cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/PDE2 pathway for aldosterone inhibition by MANP in vitro and in vivo. In addition, our data also support the development of MANP as a novel ANP analog drug for aldosterone excess treatment.
Dapagliflozin Attenuates Sympathetic and Pressor Responses to Stress in Young Prehypertensive Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Kim Han-Kyul , Ishizawa Rie , Fukazawa Ayumi , Wang Zhongyun , Bezan Petric Ursa , Hu Ming Chang , Smith Scott A. , Mizuno Masaki , Vongpatanasin Wanpen 
Published: July 2022

Background:
SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor), a class of anti-diabetic medications, is shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Mechanisms underlying this action are unknown but SGLT2i-induced sympathoinhibition is thought to play a role. Whether SGLT2i reduces BP and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in a nondiabetic prehypertension model is unknown.

Methods:
Accordingly, we assessed changes in conscious BP using radiotelemetry and alterations in mean arterial pressure and renal SNA during simulated exercise in nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats during chronic administration of a diet containing dapagliflozin (0.5 mg/kg per day) versus a control diet.

Results:

We found that dapagliflozin had no effect on fasting blood glucose, insulin, or hemoglobin A
1C
levels. However, dapagliflozin reduced BP in young (8-week old) spontaneously hypertensive rats as well as attenuated the age-related rise in BP in adult spontaneously hypertensive rat up to 17-weeks of age. The rises in mean arterial pressure and renal SNA during simulated exercise (exercise pressor reflex activation by hindlimb muscle contraction) were significantly reduced after 4 weeks of dapagliflozin (Δmean arterial pressure: 10±7 versus 25±14 mm Hg, Δrenal SNA: 31±17% versus 68±39%,
P
<0.05). Similarly, rises in mean arterial pressure and renal SNA during mechanoreflex stimulation by passive hindlimb stretching were also attenuated by dapagliflozin. Heart weight was significantly decreased in dapagliflozin compared with the control group.

Conclusions:
These data demonstrate a novel role for SGLT2i in reducing resting BP as well as the activity of skeletal muscle reflexes, independent of glycemic control. Our study may have important clinical implications for preventing hypertension and hypertensive heart disease in young prehypertensive individuals.
Inverse Association of Skin Temperature With Ambulatory Blood Pressure and the Mediation of Skin Temperature in Blood Pressure Responses to Ambient Temperature
Authors: Tai Yoshiaki , Obayashi Kenji , Yamagami Yuki , Saeki Keigo 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The inverse association between ambient temperature and blood pressure (BP) has been investigated in the context of excess cardiovascular mortality in winter. However, the role of skin temperature (ST), which reflects our external and internal thermal environments, in BP regulation remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the association between ST and ambulatory BP and the mediation of ST in BP responses to ambient temperature in real-life settings.

Methods:
We conducted a longitudinal analysis using repeated measurements of ambulatory BP and ST for 48 hours (30 711 daytime readings and 17 382 nighttime readings) among 584 older adults between October and March (2012–2014). Linear mixed-effect models were used to examine the association of distal (mean of wrist and ankle) and proximal (abdomen) ST with systolic BP. The mediation of ST in BP responses to ambient temperature was examined using path analysis.

Results:
Distal and proximal STs were significantly associated with systolic BP during the daytime (regression coefficients: −4.27 mm Hg [95% CI, −4.58 to −3.96] and −2.74 mm Hg [95% CI, −3.14 to −2.56] per SD of ST, respectively), independent of potential confounders. The significant associations also existed during nighttime. The mediation effect of distal ST was 7.1 times higher than that of proximal ST during daytime, while those of distal and proximal STs during nighttime were almost identical.

Conclusions:
ST, especially in distal regions, was inversely associated with ambulatory BP. Our results have the potential for application to interventional studies targeting ST regulation to reduce excess cardiovascular deaths in winter.