bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How is surgical antibiotic prophylaxis prescribed for open reduction internal fixation procedures by Australian orthopaedic surgeons?
Authors: Hassan Sarah , Chan Vincent , Stevens Julie E. , Stupans Ieva , Gentle Juliette 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSurgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) reduces the risk of surgical site infections following open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) procedures. Current guidelines recommend the use of single‐dose prophylaxis for ORIF procedures. It is known that adherence to SAP guidelines is suboptimal across multiple surgical disciplines, including orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this study was to identify how Australian orthopaedic surgeons self‐report prescribing of SAP for ORIF of closed fractures and whether practice adheres to recommendations in the Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic version 16. An online survey was distributed to Australian orthopaedic surgeons between August 2020 and February 2021. The survey consisted of 10 questions relating to SAP prescribing practice for ORIF of closed fractures, guideline awareness, and factors that influence prescribing. Twenty‐two surgeons participated in the survey. All 22 surgeons reported prescribing the guideline‐adherent agent cefazolin for ORIF procedures, with 68.2% (n = 15) prescribing the non‐adherent agent clindamycin for patients with a severe penicillin allergy. Almost two‐thirds of the surgeons (63.6%) prescribe postoperative antibiotics, with two postoperative doses the most common regimen (57.1%). Although 63.6% of surgeons were aware of guideline content, adherence to guidelines varied. Surgeons noted that multiple factors influence their prescribing practice, including knowledge gained from personal readings (77.3%), habits developed during training (68.2%), and discussion with colleagues (63.6%). Factors that influence SAP decision making for ORIF procedures are multifactorial, with variable levels of guideline adherence. This small cohort of surgeons commonly reported prescribing postoperative antibiotics. Further research is required to understand what influences SAP decision‐making.
Cold pressed pumpkin seed oil fatty acids, carotenoids, volatile compounds profiles and infrared fingerprints as affected by storage time and wax‐based oleogelation
Authors: Pușcaș Andreea , Mureșan Andruța , Socaci Sonia , Dulf Francisc , Muste Sevastița , Fetea Florinela , Semeniuc Cristina Anamaria , Bunea Andrea , Mureșan Vlad , Pintea Adela 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPumpkin seed and sunflower oil are rich in bioactive compounds, but are prone to oxidation during storage. Their fatty acids, carotenoid and volatile compounds and their Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) profiles were studied during 8 months storage in order to assess the overall quality, but also to assess the impact of the oleogelation as conditioning process.RESULTSThe fatty acids methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The linoleic acid was the most abundant in the oils (604.6 g kg−1 in pumpkin and 690 g kg−1 in sunflower), but also in oleogels. Through high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), lutein and β‐carotene were determined as specific carotenoid compounds of the pumpkin seed oil and oleogel, in a total amount of 0.0072 g kg−1. The volatile compounds profile revealed the presence of alpha‐pinene for the pumpkin seed oil and oleogels and a tentative identification of limonene for the sunflower oil. Hexanal was also detected in the oleogels, indicating a thermal oxidation, which was further analyzed through infrared spectroscopy.CONCLUSIONSDuring 8 months storage, the decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acid total amount was 5.72% for the pumpkin seed oil and 3.55% for the oleogel, while in the sunflower oil samples of 2.93% and 3.28% for the oleogel. It was concluded that oleogelation might protect specific carotenoid compounds, since the oleogels displayed higher content of β‐carotene at each storage time. Hexanal and heptanal were detected during storage, regardless of the oil or oleogel type. FTIR analysis depicts the differences in the constituent fatty acids resulting due to thermal oxidation or due to storage. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cloning and expression of the catalase gene (KatA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the degradation of AFB1 by recombinant catalase
Authors: Yanhua Xu , Haiwei Lou , Renyong Zhao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) poses a severe threat to human and animal health. Countries worldwide have invested considerable manpower and material resources in degrading aflatoxins. Enzyme degradation is the most efficient and environmentally friendly approach for modifying aflatoxin into less toxic molecules. Catalase is commonly used as a detoxification agent to decrease the contamination levels of aflatoxins in animal feeds. This study aimed to obtain recombinant catalase via gene engineering and determined whether a recombinant catalase could degrade AFB1.RESULTSThe catalase gene (KatA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the expression conditions of this recombinant catalase were optimized. The recombinant catalase was isolated and purified using Ni‐chelating affinity chromatography, and its ability to degrade AFB1 was evaluated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the expressed of catalase was approximately 55.6 kDa, which was subsequently purified using Ni‐chelating affinity chromatography. The degradation rate of AFB1 by recombinant catalase in the presence of syringaldehyde was 38.79%.CONCLUSIONThe degradation of AFB1 by a recombinant catalase has been reported for the first time. This study provides a new paradigm for the use of recombinant catalases in degrading AFB1 in food and feed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluating information loss in the National Cancer Database from cases lost to follow‐up
Authors: Cotler Joseph H. , Nogueira Leticia , McCabe Ryan , Nelson Heidi , Brajcich Brian C. , Boffa Daniel J. , Lum Sharon S. , Harris James B. , Hawhee Vicki , Mullett Timothy W. , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Palis Bryan E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCancer registries must focus on data capture which returns value while reducing resource burden with minimal loss of data. Identifying the optimum length of follow‐up data collection for patients with cancer achieves this goal.MethodsA two‐step analysis using entropy calculations to assess information gain for each follow‐up year, and second‐order differences to compare survival outcomes between the defined follow‐up periods and lifetime follow‐up. A total of 391 567 adult cases, deidentified in the National Cancer Database and diagnosed in 1989. Comparisons examined a subset of 61 908 lung cancer cases, 48 387 colon and rectal cancer cases, and 64 134 breast cancer cases in adults. A total of 4133 pediatric cases were diagnosed in 1989 examining 1065 leukemia cases and 494 lymphoma cases.ResultsAnnual increases in information gain fell below 1% after 16 years of follow‐up for adult cases and 9 years for pediatric cases. Comparison of second‐order differences showed 62% of the comparisons were similar between 15 years and lifetime follow‐up when examining restricted mean survival time. In addition, 90% of the comparisons were statistically similar when comparing hazard ratios.ConclusionsSurvival analysis using 15 years postdiagnosis follow‐up showed minimal differences in information gain compared to lifetime follow‐up.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Surgically Resected Pancreatic Cysts: A Retrospective Analysis of 136 Patients
Authors: Gong Ting‐ting , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo retrospectively analyze the characteristics of pancreatic cysts with respect to histopathological diagnosis and various diagnostic imaging tools.MethodsThe clinical features of 136 patients and characteristics of histopathologically diagnosed cysts were retrospectively assessed. The diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for pancreatic cysts was compared. Risk factors for high‐grade dysplasia/invasive cancer in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) were also determined.ResultsThe final analysis included 30 serous cystic neoplasms (SCNs) (21.6%), 13 mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) (9.4%), 65 IPMNs (46.8%), and 13 solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) (9.4%). The percentage of women with MCNs, SPNs, SCNs, and IPMNs was 100.0, 76.9, 73.3, and 47.7%, respectively (P < .001). The percentages of patients over 60 years of age with IPMNs, SCNs, MCNs, and SPNs were 73.9, 23.3, 0, and 0%, respectively (P < .001). The percentage of cysts located in the body and tail of the pancreas in MCNs, SCNs, SPNs, and IPMNs was 100, 70, 53.9, and 46.2%, respectively (P < .001). A unique honeycomb appearance was observed in 26.7% of SCNs. The overall diagnostic accuracy of EUS, CT, and MRI for pancreatic cysts was 82.6, 72.5, and 73.9%, respectively. Lesion size and presence of solid components were independent predictors of high‐risk IPMNs.ConclusionsPatient characteristics and cyst features can help to differentiate pancreatic cyst types and identify high‐risk IPMNs. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS for pancreatic cysts is superior to that of CT and MRI.
Risk Factors for Recurrence of Peritonsillar Abscess
Authors: Mizuno Kayoko , Takeuchi Masato , Kishimoto Yo , Omori Koichi , Kawakami Koji 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with peritonsillar abscess (PTA) recurrence in adult patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used a nationwide insurance claims database in Japan. Adult patients (aged ≥ 20 years) who received intravenous antibiotics or surgical therapy within 5 days of their first PTA diagnosis were included. Multivariable Cox proportional modeling was used to investigate the risk factors for PTA recurrence using the variables: age, sex, comorbidities, tobacco use, history of recurrent tonsillitis, duration of intravenous antibiotics, and surgical therapy for PTA.ResultsThis study included 12,012 patients (8784 men, 73.1%). Of them, 1358 (11.3%) experienced PTA recurrence. An age ≥40 years and treatment with intravenous antibiotics for 3 days or more were associated with a lower risk of PTA recurrence (aged ≥ 40 years: adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.78, treated with intravenous antibiotics for 3 days or more: adjusted HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76–0.96). Patients with a history of recurrent tonsillitis were associated with a higher risk of recurrence (adjusted HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.47–2.19).ConclusionA median age of 20–39 years, a history of recurrent tonsillitis, and less than 3 days of intravenous antibiotic therapy may be risk factors for PTA recurrence among adult patients. Further studies exploring more detailed clinical data are necessary to confirm the risk factors for PTA recurrence.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:1846–1852, 2023
Nutritional response of a coccolithophore to changing pH and temperature
Authors: Johnson Roberta , Langer Gerald , Rossi Sergio , Probert Ian , Mammone Marta , Ziveri Patrizia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoccolithophores are a calcifying unicellular phytoplankton group that are at the base of the marine food web, and their lipid content provides a source of energy to consumers. Coccolithophores are vulnerable to ocean acidification and warming, therefore it is critical to establish the effects of climate change on these significant marine primary producers, and determine potential consequences that these changes can have on their consumers. Here, we quantified the impact of changes in pH and temperature on the nutritional condition (lipid content, particulate organic carbon/nitrogen), growth rate, and morphology of the most abundant living coccolithophore species, Emiliania huxleyi. We used a regression type approach with nine pH levels (ranging from 7.66 to 8.44) and two temperatures (15°C and 20°C). Lipid production was greater under reduced pH, and growth rates were distinctly lower at 15°C than at 20°C. The production potential of lipids, which estimates the availability of lipids to consumers, increased under 20°C, but decreased under low pH. The results indicate that, while consumers will benefit energetically under ocean warming, this benefit will be mitigated by ocean acidification. The carbon to nitrogen ratio was higher at 20°C and low pH, indicating that the nutritional quality of coccolithophores for consumers will decline under climate change. The impact of low pH on the structural integrity of the coccosphere may also mean that coccolithophores are easier to digest for consumers. Many responses suggest cellular stress, indicating that increases in temperature and reductions in pH may have a negative impact on the ecophysiology of coccolithophores.
Ultra‐Broadband Green‐Emitting Phosphors without Cyan Gap Based on Double‐Heterovalent Substitution Strategy for Full‐Spectrum WLED Lighting
Authors: Huang Shuai , Shang Mengmeng , Yan Yu , Wang Yining , Dang Peipei , Lin Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) are extensively spread to every part of our daily life and trigger urgent needs for discovery of phosphors without cyan gap (spectral missing in the 480–520 nm range) in pursuit of “human‐centric” sunlight‐like full‐spectrum lighting. Here, a new ultra‐broadband green‐emitting K3La(PO4)2:Eu2+phosphor is reported to meet this challenge. An efficient and positive double‐heterovalent substitution strategy is proved in K3La(Ca/Sr/Ba)(PO4)2:Eu2+by the evidence of enhanced quantum yield, improved thermal stability, and the tunable luminescence color. The luminescence mechanisms are revealed in this paper. Fabricating a dichromatic 370 nm‐UV chip pumped WLED using K3La(Ca)(PO4)2:Eu2+along with a commercially available red phosphor shows a continuity spectrum comparable to the solar spectrum with excellent CIE color coordinates of (0.350, 0.347), low color‐correlated temperature of 4853 K, and high color rendering index (Ra) of 96. It is shown that the double‐heterovalent substitution contributes to designing and optimizing phosphors for full‐spectrum WLEDs.
Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Phosphonate and Cyclocarbonate Units for Safer Full Solid State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Notredame Benoît , Gauthy Fernand , Finsy Vincent , Gohy Jean‐François 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolid‐state polymer electrolytes are key components for future batteries with higher energy density as well as increased safety and processability. In this context, a solid polymer electrolyte is developed from statistical copolymers containing flame‐retardant phosphonate units and ion‐conductive cyclocarbonate moieties mixed with lithium salts. Ionic conductivity measured at room temperature for those copolymers (≈10−5 S cm−1) are in the same range as typical solid polymeric electrolytes not based on poly(ethylene oxide). Moreover, those copolymers electrolytes are stable in a wide electrochemical window (0.5 – 4.5 V vs Li+/Li) and at high temperature (>120 °C) and they lead to a better ionic conductivity than the corresponding homopolymer blends of a similar composition, which is explained by a better lithium salt solubility and better‐defined ion‐conduction pathways in case of the copolymer. Finally, it has demonstrated the possibility to have fire‐retardant properties afforded by phosphonate groups in copolymers without impacting the ionic conductivity.
Preparation of Lignosulfonate‐Based Phenol Formaldehyde Foam with Excellent Thermal Performance
Authors: Song Shushan , Xu Zhongbin , Zhen Xiang , Wang Zhongming , Ge Tiejun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn efficient route for the synthesis of lignin phenol formaldehyde (LPF) foams through the foaming process of LPF resin is described. The one‐pot method is used to prepare the resin. To obtain the resin, lignosulfonate is phenolic modified under alkaline conditions. The resin is obtained by incorporating the modified lignosulfonate with phenol via phenol‐formaldehyde condensation. Subsequently, the LPF resin is subjected to a foaming process that yields LPF foam, and the thermal properties of the foam are investigated. The results of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses indicate that compared with lignosulfonate, the molecular weight of phenolated lignin decreases significantly, and the content of phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups increases. Thermogravimetric, thermal conductivity, and limiting oxygen index analyses are also conducted. The results reveal that the maximum carbon residue rate (43.76% at 800 °C), maximum thermal conductivity (0.0344 W m−1 K−1), and maximum oxygen index (39.1%) occur for the LPF foam with 20 wt% lignin. These results demonstrate that lignosulfonate is a promising candidate for the use of phenol modification in preparing LPF foam. Furthermore, this study provides a new direction for the modification and application of lignin.
PLA‐b‐SMA as an Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer for Encapsulation of Lipophilic Cargo
Authors: Ball Lauren E. , Pfukwa Rueben , Siqueira Raoni P. , Mosqueira Vanessa C. F. , Klumperman Bert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe encapsulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) within drug delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) vastly improves the therapeutic efficiency of the incorporated APIs. PNPs synthesized using amphiphilic block copolymers are efficient drug delivery systems as the hydrophobic block facilitates the encapsulation of lipophilic components and the hydrophilic block constitutes the hairy corona of the PNP that stabilizes the nanocarriers against aggregation in solution. Poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic acid) (SMA) is an attractive polymer for the hydrophilic corona of PLA‐based nanoparticles as it allows for post polymerization functionalization and aids in the prevention of NP aggregation. The synthesis of a novel PLA‐b‐SMA block copolymer, via sequential ring opening polymerization (ROP) and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, is presented. PLA macro‐CTAs, synthesized via ROP, can be chain extended via RAFT copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride to yield PLA‐b‐SMAnh and via RAFT polymerization of N‐vinylpyrrolidone to yield PLA‐b‐PVP block copolymers. Controlled hydrolysis of the anhydride moieties converts PLA‐b‐SMAnh into PLA‐b‐SMA. Monodisperse PLA‐b‐SMA and PLA‐b‐PVP nanoparticles (NPs) ranging in diameter between 60 and 220 nm are prepared. The lipophilic fluorescent dye DiI is encapsulated within the NPs successfully and these fluorescent NPs are used in a preliminary cell uptake study.
A Pillar[5]arene‐Based Smart Organogel with Effective Iodine Adsorption
Authors: Zhang Qian , Fan Lu‐Lu , Yue Tian‐Jiao , Hu Zhi‐Guo , Li Na , Li Jun , Jiang Yu‐Qing , Li Ke‐Qing , Guo Hai‐Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo copolymers are synthesized: one (P1) has pendant azo and 5‐(1H‐1, 2, 3‐triazol‐1‐yl) pentanenitrile (TAPN) groups, and the other (P2) has pendant azo and pillar[5]arene groups. When the two copolymers are mixed in chloroform, an organogel with excellent self‐healing capability and dual‐stimulus responsiveness is formed. Reversible double noncovalent cross‐linked networks including host–guest complexation and π–π interactions are responsible for this property. A xerogel prepared from the organogel can capture iodine in aqueous media. The presence of many effective sorption sites including electron‐rich phenolic units and azo groups provides the xerogel with iodine uptake ability. The pillar[5]arene‐based gel can adsorb iodine and self‐heal rapidly, and therefore has potential as a long‐life adsorbent.
A stepwise multiple regression model to predict Fusarium wilt in lentil
Authors: Ali Yasir , Qin Anzhen , Aatif Hafiz Muhammad , Ijaz Muhammad , Khan Azhar Abbas , Ahmad Salman , Shahzad Umbreen , Yasin Muhammad , Rahman Shafeeq Ur 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study was designed to develop a disease predictive model based upon meteorological variables, that is, minimum and maximum temperatures, rainfall, and relative humidity to predict lentil wilt severity. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship of meteorological variables with disease severity. A significant correlation was found between all meteorological variables and lentil wilt severity. Maximum temperature showed negative correlation, while minimum temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity exhibited positive correlation with lentil wilt severity. Environmental variables and disease severity data of 2 years (2017–2018) were used to develop a disease predictive model using a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Maximum and minimum temperatures, rainfall, and relative humidity significantly contributed to disease development and explained 94.39% variability in disease severity. This model, based on 2 years data, was then validated with 5 years (2012–2016) meteorological variables and disease severity data set. Homogeneity of regression line in the multiple regression equations of 2 years (2017–2018) model and 5 years (2012–2016) model indicated that they validated each other. Lentil wilt severity was high at maximum (17–25°C) and minimum temperature (9.5–15.1°C), rainfall (4.5–6.5 mm), and relative humidity (55%–85%), respectively. The lentil wilt disease predictive model developed for four lentil varieties, namely M‐85, NL‐2, Mansehra‐89, and NARC‐08‐1, during the present investigation will be useful to predict disease severity before epidemic occurrence and the time of fungicide application. Hence, the model is helpful to reduce the use of fungicides, lessen environmental pollution, and help limit the cost of production of lentil growers.
Eugenol, A Major Component of Clove Oil, Attenuates Adiposity, and Modulates Gut Microbiota in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice
Authors: Li Mengjie , Zhao Yuhan , Wang Yanan , Geng Ruixuan , Fang Jingjing , Kang Seong‐Gook , Huang Kunlun , Tong Tao 
Published: August 2022

ScopeEugenol (EU), the major aromatic compound derived from clove oil, is being focused recently due to its potential in preventing several chronic conditions. Herein, this study aims to evaluate the potential of EU in obesity prevention and to delineate the mechanisms involved.Methods and resultsFive‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice are fed with high‐fat diet (HFD) or HFD supplemented with EU (0.2%, w/w) for 13 weeks. EU significantly reduces obesity‐related indexes including final body weight, body weight gain, adipocyte size, visceral fat‐pad weight, and fasting blood glucose. EU prevents HFD‐induced gut dysbiosis, as indicated by the increase of Firmicutes and decrease of Desulfobacterota at phylum level, and the increase of Dubosiella, Blautia, unclassified_f_Oscillospiraceae, and unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae, and the decrease of Alistipes, Alloprevotella, and Bilophila at genus level. Notably, the obesity‐related indexes are positively correlated with the relative abundances of Bacteroides, unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, Colidextribacter, and Bilophila, and negatively correlated with the relative abundances of norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Moreover, the preventive effects of EU on obesity are accompanied by the transcriptomic reprogramming of white adipose tissue.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that EU prevents the HFD‐induced adiposity and modulates gut dysbiosis, and highlight the potential of EU in obesity intervention as a functional dietary supplement.