bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diplodia sapineainfection reprograms foliar traits of its pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) host to death
Authors: Hu Bin , Liu Zhenshan , Haensch Robert , Mithöfer Axel , Peters Franziska S , Vornam Barbara , Messerer Maxim , Mayer Klaus , von Wirén Nicolaus , Rennenberg Heinz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInfection with the necrotrophic fungus Diplodia sapinea (Fr.) Fuckel is among the economically and ecologically most devastating diseases of conifers in the northern hemisphere and is accelerated by global climate change. This study aims to characterize the changes mediated by D. sapinea infection on its pine host (Pinus sylvestris L.) that lead to the death of its needles. For this purpose, we performed an indoor infection experiment and inoculated shoot tips of pine seedlings with virulent D. sapinea. The consequences for foliar traits, including the phytohormone profile, were characterized at both the metabolite and transcriptome level. Our results showed that D. sapinea infection strongly affected foliar levels of most phytohormones and impaired a multitude of other metabolic and structural foliar traits, such as reactive oxygen species scavenging. Transcriptome analysis revealed that these changes are partially mediated via modified gene expression by fungal exposure. Diplodia sapinea appears to overcome the defense reactions of its pine host by reprogramming gene expression and post-transcriptional controls that determine essential foliar metabolic traits such as the phytohormone profile, cell wall composition and antioxidative system.
Nongovernmental organizations supporting the HIV service delivery response in Africa – an engine for innovation
Authors: Sikazwe Izukanji , Bolton-Moore Carolyn , Herce Michael B. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are pivotal to the HIV response, supporting access to HIV services since the start of the epidemic. Against the backdrop of the impact of NGOs, is the recognition of the unique role that local NGOs bring to the HIV response, drawing from their deep understanding of the context and knowledge of local health problems.

Recent findings
The Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ) is one such NGO. Through various implementation science research and programs, CIDRZ has supported the Zambian government's HIV response. As Zambia moves closer to epidemic control, understanding reasons for patient disengagement from care and patient preferences for HIV care demonstrated by CIDRZ have contributed to global and national HIV treatment and care guidelines.

Summary
This paper offers a case study for how NGOs like CIDRZ can serve as health system-wide catalyst to identify, integrate, and scale up evidence-based practices for HIV prevention, care, and treatment. It draws from the public health literature, CIDRZ extensive program and research experience and implementation science theory, to illustrate key strategies that can be deployed by local NGOs to spark innovation, quality improvement, and support governments to achieve and sustain HIV epidemic control.
“Tickle me pink”: update in eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Lam Angela Y. , Gonsalves Nirmala 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) outside of the esophagus have been previously enigmatic and rare diagnoses. Fortunately, increasing research over the past few decades has led to an improved understanding of disease pathophysiology and epidemiology. This has been foundational for developing accurate nomenclature, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutics.

Recent findings
This article will review recent updates in nonesophageal EGIDs. Accurate disease classification and nomenclature developed from international consensus are now available, as well as data challenging the notion that abnormal endoscopic findings are rare in this population. Studies on natural history, outcomes, and impact on patient quality of life are reviewed. Lastly, retrospective studies and clinical trials on EGID therapies are summarized.

Summary
With a standardized nomenclature system for EGIDs now established, formal diagnostic guidelines and criteria for nonesophageal EGIDs are in active development. While management remains challenging compared with eosinophilic esophagitis, research and development of effective, steroid-sparing therapies (primarily through biologics and dietary therapy) remain underway. In eosinophilic colitis, the rarest EGID, research remains focused on illuminating pathophysiology. Ongoing research will continue to improve understanding of natural history, outcomes, and therapeutic options for these diseases.
Analysis of Retinal Structure and Electrophysiological Function in Visual Snow Syndrome: An Exploratory Case Series
Authors: Zaroban Nathaniel J. , Kedar Sachin , Anderson David , Vuppala Amrita-Amanda D. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Visual snow (VS) is a rare but distressing phenomenon of persistent granular or pixelated visual distortions that may occur in isolation or as a component of visual snow syndrome (VSS). The current understanding of VS pathogenesis, including the role of retinal involvement structurally and functionally, is limited. The objective of this study is to investigate retinal structural and electrophysiological abnormalities in VS.

Methods:
This retrospective case series included 8 subjects (7 with VSS and 1 with isolated VS). Patients with other ocular and neurologic diseases were excluded. Data were assessed from automated perimetry, optical coherence tomography (OCT), visual evoked potential (VEP), and full-field electroretinography (ffERG) testing. The VEP and ffERG data of visual snow subjects were compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects for statistical significance.

Results:
The mean age of the cohort was 29.4 years (SD = ±5.3) with 50% gender split. The mean age of VS onset was 24.2 years (SD = ±3.8). All subjects had normal visual acuity, color vision, brain MRI, automated perimetry, OCT parameters (peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell layer thickness), and P100 and N135 wave pattern on VEP. Compared with controls, VS subjects had a greater mean b-wave amplitude in response to light-adapted 3.0 stimuli (t test; P = 0.035 right eye and P = 0.072 left eye), greater mean light-adapted 3.0 flicker amplitude (t test; P = 0.028 right eye P = 0.166 left eye) and greater b-wave amplitude in response to dark-adapted 10.0 stimuli (t test; P = 0.102 right eye; P = 0.017 left eye) on ERG.

Conclusions:
Patients with VS and VSS have normal retinal structure, but abnormal electrophysiology compared with control subjects. The increased b-wave and flicker amplitudes observed with ffERG suggest increased responsiveness of the rod and cone photoreceptors and may contribute to VS pathophysiology.
Online sustainability disclosure practices in the university context. The role of the board of directors
Authors: Nicolò Giuseppe , Aversano Natalia , Sannino Giuseppe , Tartaglia Polcini Paolo 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe study aims to examine the impact of corporate governance in terms of certain board characteristics on the level of universities’ voluntary sustainability disclosure.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis based on a comprehensive disclosure index – that also accounts for the impact that COVID-19 exerted on the social dimension of university activities – is performed on a sample of Italian public universities’ websites for the year 2020. An ordinary least squares regression model is estimated to test the association between universities’ board characteristics, namely, board size, board independence and board gender diversity (including the presence of a female rector), and online sustainability disclosure.FindingsThis study provides evidence that websites represent a valid tool used by universities to highlight their social performance and demonstrate their commitment to dealing with the pandemic’s social and economic disruption by supporting their stakeholders. Board gender diversity and female Rector’s presence are crucial factors that positively impact voluntary sustainability disclosure levels.Practical implicationsPolicymakers and regulators can benefit from the study’s findings. Using the results of this study, they may reflect on the need to regulate sustainability reporting in universities. In addition, findings may offer policymakers inspiration for regulating the presence of women on university boards.Originality/valueThis study offers novel contributions to existing literature analysing the university’s voluntary sustainability disclosure practices through alternative communication tools such as websites. Moreover, it provides novel insight into the role of the board gender diversity in university sustainability disclosure practices.
Covid-19 disclosure: do internal corporate governance and audit quality matter?
Authors: Abdelhak Engy ELsayed , Hussainey Khaled , Albitar Khaldoon 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of internal corporate governance and audit quality on the level of COVID-19 disclosure in Egypt.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use manual content analysis to measure levels of COVID-19 disclosure in the narrative sections of annual reports. The authors analyze all companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange over 2020–2021. The authors use different regression models to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe analysis adds to the literature in two crucial respects. First, it provides a measure for COVID-19 disclosure in Egypt. Second, it provides evidence that governance mechanisms (board diversity, audit committee [AC] independence), auditor type and audit opinion affect the level of COVID-19 disclosure. The higher level of COVID-19 disclosure is associated with firms with more female directors on the board, being audited by one of the big four audit firms and receiving standard clean audit opinion. While the inexistence of an AC and more executives on the AC negatively affect COVID-19 disclosure levels.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the only paper that examines COVID-19 disclosure in the Egyptian context. It is also the first paper that provides evidence on the impact of internal governance and audit quality on COVID-19 disclosure.
Correlation between assessment of cytochrome P450 1A2 activity and enzyme activity scores, and their relation to clozapine exposure
Authors: Alarcan Hugo , Cannet Pauline , Camus Vincent , Fond Guillaume , Zendjidjian Xavier , Guilhaumou Romain , Quaranta Sylvie 
Published: December 2022

AimsCytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is involved in the metabolism of antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine and olanzapine. Personalization of these treatments requires an accurate estimation of CYP1A2 activity. In this study, we aimed (1) to evaluate the correlation between activity score (AS), covariate‐corrected activity score (CCS) and the phenotype of CYP1A2 using a caffeine test probe and (2) to investigate their relationship with dose‐adjusted clozapine concentrations in a subgroup of the cohort.MethodsA multicentric, retrospective and observational study was carried out in the French university hospitals of Marseille and Tours. CYP1A2 activity was calculated by the paraxanthine/caffeine (17X/137X) ratio determined 4 h after an oral intake of 100 mg caffeine. AS was calculated according to the CYP1A2*1F alleles. CCS was calculated according to the CYP1A2*1F alleles, smoking status and the presence of concomitant inhibitors.ResultsAs expected, among the 89 patients included, the 17X/137X ratio was significantly higher in patients who smoked. We found a significant but modest correlation between the 17X/137X ratio and CCS (R2 = 0.3, P = 1.74 × 10–8) but none between the 17X/137X ratio and AS (R2 = −0.007, P = 0.52). AS was not correlated with dose‐adjusted clozapine levels, contrary to CCS (R2 = 0.19, P = 0.016) and especially the 17X/137X ratio (R2 = 0.42, P = 1.7 × 10−5).ConclusionsCorrelation with clozapine concentrations showed the advantage of the 17X/137X ratio over the CCS in clozapine dose optimization. CYP1A2 activity, especially when determined by the caffeine probe, may be used to personalize clozapine dosing for patients experiencing treatment failure.
A thematic analysis of YouTube comments on a television documentary titled ‘Diabulimia: The World's most dangerous eating disorder’
Authors: Ferrey Amy , Ashworth Georgia , Cabling Mark , Rundblad Gabriella , Ismail Khalida 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimOmitting insulin for fear of weight gain is a type of disordered eating (also labelled as diabulimia) common in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is associated with a worse biomedical prognosis but is not a formally recognised condition. This research explored the public's opinion of diabulimia as a condition as presented in a television documentary.MethodsWe conducted a coding reliability thematic analysis using NVivo software of the original comments to a YouTube documentary ‘Diabulimia: The World's Most Dangerous Eating Disorder’ between 24 September 2017 and 16 June 2020.ResultsOf 1424 original comments, 1264 were eligible and uploaded into NVivo 12. The commenters were people with T1D, family and friends, health care professionals, and the wider public who collectively had questions, personal stories and/or opinions. Three main themes were discerned: lack of awareness of diabulimia as a condition; the importance of support; diabulimia as a psychiatric condition in the diabetes setting.ConclusionThis analysis of social media comments found that there is a lack of awareness of diabulimia amongst patients, their families and friends, and healthcare professionals and that there were many commenters who had the experience of disordered eating with T1D. This study has reported on themes that suggest there may be an eating disorder specifically in people with T1D and that further work is needed to understand the diagnostic criteria for diabulimia in order to develop effective treatments.
Fish community structure and its relationships with environmental variables in subtropical headwater rivers
Authors: Yang Jing , wen Jiaoping , Wu Haijun , Yang Qiuju , Yin Hong , Hu Maolin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFish community structure could be directly and indirectly affected by biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors. Although fish community suffered less disturbance than big rivers, moderate disturbance could also change fish community structure in mountain rivers due to environmental variables such as current velocity, water depth, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and acidity. However, there are limited information about changes in fish composition in mountain river where less human disturbance. So the objective of this study was to elucidate fish diversity and community assembly patterns and identify relationships between environmental parameters and fish community structures. This survey was conducted seasonally at 16 locations in five rivers in Pingxiang city from June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 56 species were collected, and 16 fish species were endemic to China. The index of relative importance showed that Rhodeus ocellatus was the most dominant species in these rivers. The fish species showed low abundance and diversity in Pingxiang city. Cluster and non‐metric multidimensional sequencing analyses showed clear spatial segregation, which divided the 16 sample sites into four significantly different groups. Permutational analysis of variance showed a significant difference in fish composition among the sites (p = .002). Furthermore, similarity percentages analysis showed that 15 fish species contributed to the greatest extent, and 13 fish species were divergent among the groups. The redundancy analysis revealed that water depth, pH and water temperature were the predominant factors contributing to the variation in fish composition. Thus, these results could guide the restoration and spatial management of fish resources as well as provide theories for the formulation of relevant conservation policies.
Aquinas on the Immortality of the Soul: Some Reflections
Authors: Hewitt Simon Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAquinas's thoughts about the human soul present us with a puzzle. On the one hand, Thomas has been applauded within the analytic tradition as an anti‐dualistic thinker, who emphasises the animal nature of human beings and denies that there could be disembodied human persons. Yet on the other hand he holds, as a faithful Catholic theologian, that the human soul survives death, and maintains that the post‐mortem soul, prior to its reunification with the body is the subject of characteristically personal intellectual activities. This paper reviews the state of the debate regarding whether these commitments of Aquinas's can be reconciled, and concludes that they cannot in his own terms. However, a recognisably thomist approach to the post‐mortem survival of the soul is available, proceeding on the basis that to be rationally ensouled is to have a life‐story.
CD34 negative HLA‐DR negative acute myeloid leukaemia: A higher association with NPM1 and FLT3‐ITD mutations
Authors: Gajendra Smeeta , Gupta Ritu , Thakral Deepshi , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Jain Garima , Bakhshi Sameer , Sharma Atul , Sahoo Ranjeet Kumar , Kumar Lalit , Rai Sandeep , Singh Saroj , Upadhyay Ashish Datt 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionCD34 and HLA‐DR negativity is often used as a characteristic immunophenotypic feature of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) that differentiates APL from other subtypes of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However, other subtypes of AML, without expression of CD34 and HLA‐DR antigens, have also been reported.MethodsWe analysed the HLA‐DR negative de novo non‐APL AML cases by dividing HLA‐DR negative non‐APL group into 2 sub‐groups based on CD34 expression and compared the characteristics of CD34 negative HLA‐DR negative with CD34 positive HLA‐DR negative non‐APL AML cases with respect to morphologic, immunophenotypic, molecular and clinical parameters.ResultsThere were 70 cases (8.54%) which were CD34 negative HLA‐DR negative and 52 cases (6.34%) were CD34 positive HLA‐DR negative. The median age at diagnosis was higher in CD34 negative HLA‐DR negative AML than in CD34 positive HLA‐DR negative AML group (38 years vs. 12 years, p < 0.001). DIC rate was higher in CD34 negative HLA‐DR negative group than the other group (p < 0.001). Median total leucocyte count was higher with higher blast count in peripheral blood and bone marrow in CD34 negative HLA‐DR negative AML cases than the other group (p < 0.05). CD34 negative HLA‐DR negative AML was more associated with normal karyotype (96.2% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.001), NPM1 mutation (67.8% vs. 8.3%; p < 0.001) and FLT‐ITD mutation (37.3% vs. 13.9%; p < 0.05). In CD34 negative HLA‐DR negative group, 16 cases had co‐occurrence of NPM1 and FLT3‐ITD mutations, whereas no case of CD34 positive HLA‐DR negative group had such dual mutation positivity. There was poor median overall survival [3.8 months (95%CI: 2.3–7.8 months) vs. 20.4 months (95% CI: 12.8–25.7 months); p = 0.0148] in CD34 positive HLA‐DR negative AML than CD34 negative HLA‐DR negative AML cases.ConclusionWe found that the CD34 negative HLADR negative non APL AML is highly associated with NPM1 and FLT3‐ITD mutation, older age at diagnosis, DIC, higher total leucocyte count, higher blast counts and normal karyotype in comparison to CD34 positive HLA‐DR negative AML group. Co‐occurrence of NPM1 and FLT3‐ITD mutation was also exclusively seen in CD34 negative HLA‐DR negative group. There was poor overall survival in CD34 positive HLA‐DR negative AML than CD34 negative HLA‐DR negative AML cases.
Problem checklists and standardized diagnostic interviews: evidence of psychometric equivalence for classifying psychiatric disorder among children and youth in epidemiological studies
Authors: Boyle Michael H. , Duncan Laura , Wang Li , Georgiades Katholiki 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe standard approach for classifying child/youth psychiatric disorder as present or absent in epidemiological studies is lay‐administered structured, standardized diagnostic interviews (interviews) based on categorical taxonomies such as the DSM and ICD. Converting problem checklist scale scores (checklists) to binary classifications provides a simple, inexpensive alternative.MethodsUsing assessments obtained from 737 parents, we determine if child/youth behavioral, attentional, and emotional disorder classifications based on checklists are equivalent psychometrically to interview classifications. We test this hypothesis by (1) comparing their test–retest reliabilities based on kappa (κ), (2) estimating their observed agreement at times 1 and 2, and (3) in structural equation models, comparing their strength of association with clinical status and reported use of prescription medication to treat disorder. A confidence interval approach is used to determine if parameter differences lie within the smallest effect size of interest set at ±0.125.ResultsThe test–retest reliabilities (κ) for interviews compared with checklists met criteria for statistical equivalence: behavioral, .67 and .70; attentional, .64 and .66; and emotional, .61 and .65. Observed agreement between the checklist and interviews on classifications of disorder at times 1 and 2 was, on average, κ = .61. On average, the β coefficients estimating associations with clinical status were .59 (interviews) and .63 (checklists); and with prescription medication use, .69 (interviews) and .71 (checklists). Behavioral and attentional disorders met criteria for statistical equivalence. Emotional disorder did not, although the coefficients were stronger numerically for the checklist.ConclusionsClassifications of child/youth psychiatric disorder from parent‐reported checklists and interviews are equivalent psychometrically. The practical advantages of checklists over interviews for classifying disorder (lower administration cost and respondent burden) are enhanced by their ability to measure disorder dimensionally. Checklists provide an option to interviews in epidemiological studies of common child/youth psychiatric disorders.