bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mitochondria cluster at the proximal axon initial segment controls axodendritic TAU trafficking in rodent primary and human iPSC-derived neurons
Authors: Tjiang Noah , Zempel Hans 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLoss of neuronal polarity and missorting of the axonal microtubule-associated-protein TAU are hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Impairment of mitochondrial function is causative for various mitochondriopathies, but the role of mitochondria in tauopathies and in axonal TAU-sorting is unclear. The axon-initial-segment (AIS) is vital for maintaining neuronal polarity, action potential generation, and—here important—TAU-sorting. Here, we investigate the role of mitochondria in the AIS for maintenance of TAU cellular polarity. Using not only global and local mitochondria impairment via inhibitors of the respiratory chain and a locally activatable protonophore/uncoupler, but also live-cell-imaging and photoconversion methods, we specifically tracked and selectively impaired mitochondria in the AIS in primary mouse and human iPSC-derived forebrain/cortical neurons, and assessed somatic presence of TAU. Global application of mitochondrial toxins efficiently induced tauopathy-like TAU-missorting, indicating involvement of mitochondria in TAU-polarity. Mitochondria show a biased distribution within the AIS, with a proximal cluster and relative absence in the central AIS. The mitochondria of this cluster are largely immobile and only sparsely participate in axonal mitochondria-trafficking. Locally constricted impairment of the AIS-mitochondria-cluster leads to detectable increases of somatic TAU, reminiscent of AD-like TAU-missorting. Mechanistically, mitochondrial impairment sufficient to induce TAU-missorting results in decreases of calcium oscillation but increases in baseline calcium, yet chelating intracellular calcium did not prevent mitochondrial impairment-induced TAU-missorting. Stabilizing microtubules via taxol prevented TAU-missorting, hinting towards a role for impaired microtubule dynamics in mitochondrial-dysfunction-induced TAU-missorting. We provide evidence that the mitochondrial distribution within the proximal axon is biased towards the proximal AIS and that proper function of this newly described mitochondrial cluster may be essential for the maintenance of TAU polarity. Mitochondrial impairment may be an upstream event in and therapeutic target for AD/tauopathy.
The effects of ageing treatment on bioactive contents and chemical composition of liquid smoke food flavourings
Authors: Xin Xing , Zhao Wenyu , Essien Sinemobong , Dell Kiri , Baroutian Saeid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLiquid smoke food flavouring is an alternative to traditional food smoking. Ageing treatment of liquid smoke can remove tar to improve a consistent sensory experience but traditionally takes months by storage. This study proposed a thermal treatment approach to accelerate the ageing process. Liquid smoke samples from kānuka and hickory woodchips were prepared by fast pyrolysis. The obtained liquid smoke samples were subjected to ageing by storing them at ambient temperature for 18 months. Accelerated ageing of liquid smoke was carried out by heat treatment at 80 °C for 24 and 48 h. Tar formed during the ageing process, with a yield ranging from 2.2 to 4.1 wt.%. Both ageing treatments resulted in decreases in bioactive content and their activities in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity (DPPH). Chemical composition and principal component analyses indicated that liquid smoke chemical compositions were influenced by wood type and ageing conditions. It was found that thermal treatment at 80 °C for 24 h was sufficient to age liquid smoke.
On the asymptotic behaviour of semigroups for flows in infinite networks
Authors: Dobrick Alexander 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study transport processes on infinite networks. The solution of these processes can be modeled by an operator semigroup on a suitable Banach space. Classically, such semigroups are strongly continuous and therefore their asymptotic behaviour is quite well understood. However, recently new examples of transport processes emerged where the corresponding semigroup is not strongly continuous. Due to this lack of strong continuity, there are currently only few results on the long-term behaviour of these semigroups. In this paper, we discuss the asymptotic behaviour for a certain class of these transport processes. In particular, it is proved that the solution semigroups behave asymptotically periodic with respect to the operator norm as a consequence of a more general result on the long-term behaviour by positive semigroups containing a multiplication operator. Furthermore, we revisit known results on the asymptotic behaviour of transport processes on infinite networks and prove the asymptotic periodicity of their extensions to the space of bounded measures.
Structure and permeability of the egg capsule of the placental Australian sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon taylori
Authors: Buddle Alice L. , Van Dyke James U. , Thompson Michael B. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Murphy Christopher R. , Day Margot L. , Whittington Camilla M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractShark placentae are derived from modifications to the fetal yolk sac and the maternal uterine mucosa. In almost all placental sharks, embryonic development occurs in an egg capsule that remains intact for the entire pregnancy, separating the fetal tissues from the maternal tissues at the placental interface. Here, we investigate the structure and permeability of the egg capsules that surround developing embryos of the placental Australian sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon taylori) during late pregnancy. The egg capsule is an acellular fibrous structure that is 0.42 ± 0.04 μm thick at the placental interface between the yolk sac and uterine tissues, and 0.67 ± 0.08 μm thick in the paraplacental regions. This is the thinnest egg capsule of any placental shark measured so far, which may increase the diffusion rate of respiratory gases, fetal wastes, water and nutrients between maternal and fetal tissues. Molecules smaller than or equal to ~ 1000 Da can diffuse through the egg capsule, but larger proteins (~ 3000–26,000 Da) cannot. Similar permeability characteristics between the egg capsule of R. taylori and other placental sharks suggest that molecular size is an important determinant of the molecules that can be exchanged between the mother and her embryos during pregnancy.
Physical processes of summer extreme rainfall interannual variability in Eastern China—part II: evaluation of CMIP6 models
Authors: Freychet Nicolas , Tett Simon F. B. , Tian Fangxing , Li Sihan , Dong Buwen , Sparrow Sarah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEastern China is regularly exposed to extreme precipitation with significant socio-economical consequences. Following an observational analysis in a first part of this study, here the ability of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models to reproduce the main modes of interannual variability of 5-day summer extreme precipitation over eastern China is evaluated, using an empirical orthogonal teleconnection (EOT) method. These models capture the main patterns and magnitudes of the different EOT patterns, although the North China mode is less well represented. Models also reproduce the dynamical features associated with each mode. There is no systematic improvement in the ability of models to simulate either the pattern or the 5-day intensity when using higher resolution models compared to coarser resolution ones. Instead, multi-member or multi-model ensembles lead to results closer to observations. Using a low mitigation projection pathway (SSP-370), it is shown that the risk of the most extreme 5-day precipitation events by about 40%, 80% and more than 150% for global-mean warming levels, relative to 1850–1900, of + 1.5, + 2 and + 3 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C respectively. This increase is found to be more significant for 5-days events than for seasonal scale precipitation, consistent with previous studies.
Similar proactive effect monitoring in free and forced choice action modes
Authors: Pfeuffer Christina U. , Kiesel Andrea , Huestegge Lynn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhen our actions yield predictable consequences in the environment, our eyes often already saccade towards the locations we expect these consequences to appear at. Such spontaneous anticipatory saccades occur based on bi-directional associations between action and effect formed by prior experience. That is, our eye movements are guided by expectations derived from prior learning history. Anticipatory saccades presumably reflect a proactive effect monitoring process that prepares a later comparison of expected and actual effect. Here, we examined whether anticipatory saccades emerged under forced choice conditions when only actions but not target stimuli were predictive of future effects and whether action mode (forced choice vs. free choice, i.e., stimulus-based vs. stimulus-independent choice) affected proactive effect monitoring. Participants produced predictable visual effects on the left/right side via forced choice and free choice left/right key presses. Action and visual effect were spatially compatible in one half of the experiment and spatially incompatible in the other half. Irrespective of whether effects were predicted by target stimuli in addition to participants' actions, in both action modes, we observed anticipatory saccades towards the location of future effects. Importantly, neither the frequency, nor latency or amplitude of these anticipatory saccades significantly differed between forced choice and free choice action modes. Overall, our findings suggest that proactive effect monitoring of future action consequences, as reflected in anticipatory saccades, is comparable between forced choice and free choice action modes.
Threat assessment, sense making, and critical decision-making in police, military, ambulance, and fire services
Authors: Penney Greg , Launder David , Cuthbertson Joe , Thompson Matthew B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMilitary and emergency response remain inherently dangerous occupations that require the ability to accurately assess threats and make critical decisions under significant time pressures. The cognitive processes associated with these abilities are complex and have been the subject of several significant, albeit service specific studies. Here, we present an attempt at finding the commonalities in threat assessment, sense making, and critical decision-making for emergency response across police, military, ambulance, and fire services. Relevant research is identified and critically appraised through a systematic literature review of English-language studies published from January 2000 through July 2020 on threat assessment and critical decision-making theory in dynamic emergency service and military environments. A total of 10,084 titles and abstracts were reviewed, with 94 identified as suitable for inclusion in the study. We then present our findings focused on six lines of enquiry: Bibliometrics, Language, Situation Awareness, Critical Decision Making, Actions, and Evaluation. We then thematically analyse these findings to reveal the commonalities between the four services. Despite existing single or dual service studies in the field, this research is significant in that it is the first examine decision making and threat assessment theory across all four contexts of military, police, fire and ambulance services, but it is also the first to assess the state of knowledge and explore the extent that commonality exists and models or practices can be applied across each discipline. The results demonstrate all military and emergency services personnel apply both intuitive and formal decision-making processes, depending on multiple situational and individual factors. Institutional restriction of decision-making to a single process at the expense of the consideration of others, or the inappropriate training and application of otherwise appropriate decision-making processes in certain circumstances is likely to increase the potential for adverse outcomes, or at the very least restrict peak performance being achieved. The applications of the findings of the study not only extend to facilitating improved practice in each of the individual services examined, but provide a basis to assist future research, and contribute to the literature exploring threat assessment and decision making in dynamic contexts.
DravidianCodeMix: sentiment analysis and offensive language identification dataset for Dravidian languages in code-mixed text
Authors: Chakravarthi Bharathi Raja , Priyadharshini Ruba , Muralidaran Vigneshwaran , Jose Navya , Suryawanshi Shardul , Sherly Elizabeth , McCrae John P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a multilingual, manually annotated dataset for three under-resourced Dravidian languages generated from social media comments. The dataset was annotated for sentiment analysis and offensive language identification for a total of more than 60,000 YouTube comments. The dataset consists of around 44,000 comments in Tamil-English, around 7000 comments in Kannada-English, and around 20,000 comments in Malayalam-English. The data was manually annotated by volunteer annotators and has a high inter-annotator agreement in Krippendorff’s alpha. The dataset contains all types of code-mixing phenomena since it comprises user-generated content from a multilingual country. We also present baseline experiments to establish benchmarks on the dataset using machine learning and deep learning methods. The dataset is available on Github and Zenodo.
Nano-Porous Composites of Activated Carbon–Metal Organic Frameworks (Fe-BDC@AC) for Rapid Removal of Cr (VI): Synthesis, Adsorption, Mechanism, and Kinetics Studies
Authors: Abuzalat Osama , Wong Danny , Elsayed Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a group of porous materials that display potential in the elimination of toxic industrial compounds (TICs) from polluted water streams. However, their applications have so far been held up by issues due to their physical nature and cost. In this study, activated carbon (AC) is modified with an Fe-based MOF, iron terephthalate (Fe-BDC). A facile and cost-effective impregnation method is used for enhanced removal from aqueous solutions. The new adsorbent is characterized by SEM, FTIR, PXRD, and BET. The composite displays excellent uptake of Cr (VI) when compared to un-impregnated AC with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 100 mg·g−1. The experimental data shows a high correlation to the Langmuir adsorption model. The adsorption kinetic study reveals that the adsorption of Cr (VI) to Fe-BDC@AC obeys the pseudo-first-order equation. The composite shows high reusability after five cycles and high adsorption rates reaching equilibrium in just 50 min. Such properties make the nanocomposite promising for water decontamination on larger scales compared to powder-based alternatives, such as individual MOF crystals.
Kinetic modelling of pyrolysis of cellulose using CPD model: effect of salt
Authors: Hameed Samreen , Wagh Adhirath S. , Sharma Abhishek , Pareek Vishnu , Yu Yun , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, effect of salt on cellulose pyrolysis behaviour using chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model has been investigated. The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) has been used to determine the kinetics of pure and NaCl-loaded cellulose pyrolysis in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). A number of these experiments were performed for a range of heating rates (5–100 °C min−1) and for different concentrations of NaCl in cellulose (0.25–2 mass/%) which showed a pronounced effect of salt on the primary pyrolysis reactions of cellulose. These data were then used in a two-component DAEM to calculate the kinetic parameters for the chemical percolation devolatilization model (CPD) for both pure and NaCl-loaded cellulose. The optimized kinetic parameters for the pure and NaCl-loaded cellulose were used in the CPD model, and the product yield was predicted. The CPD predictions showed that the fraction of gases and char in the pyrolysis products increased in the presence of salt. The amount of char for pure cellulose was 6.97% which increased to 16.4% in the presence of 0.25% NaCl. The amount of gases produced as a result of pure cellulose pyrolysis was 9.63% and this amount increased with addition of NaCl to 22.85% and then further increases with an increase in NaCl concentration. Amount of tar produced for pure cellulose was 83.4%, and this amount reduced to 60.7% with addition of 0.25% NaCl. The presence of NaCl accelerates cellulose decomposition and favours the formation of gases and char.
Self-perceptions and perceptions of peers: their role in understanding expenditure behaviours
Authors: Emili Silvia , Galli Federica 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the last decades, the analysis of individual consumption behaviours has been enriched by considering several non-rational features of (i) self-perceptions and (ii) perceptions of peers that can affect people’s spending decisions, such as subjective well-being and feelings about different aspects of life, as well as measures of social comparison. However, at our knowledge, no studies have yet considered the two sources of emotionality simultaneously. This study aims to investigate the simultaneous role of these two emotional facets in affecting expenditure behaviours of Italian individuals for the year 2016, considering two measures of own satisfaction, relative quantities of SWB and expenditure, and inequality measures. Our results, controlling for potential sources of endogeneity, reveal a significant role of both aspects in influencing individuals’ spending habits.
Interaction Between Ferrite Recrystallization and Austenite Formation in Dual-Phase Steel Manufacture
Authors: Bandi Bharath , Van Krevel Joost , Srirangam Prakash 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this publication, the effect of heating rate on microstructural evolution of manganese segregated cold reduced dual phase steels is systematically studied for different inter-critical temperatures and holding times. At slow heating rate, completion of ferrite recrystallization before austenite formation led to the preferential formation of austenite on the ferrite grain boundaries leading to a necklace austenite (now martensite) morphology. The slower austenite formation kinetics has been attributed to longer diffusion paths dictated by larger ferrite grain sizes. In medium heating rate condition, microstructure before austenite formation had partially recrystallized ferrite and partially spheroidized cementite. Rapid austenite growth occurred along the rolling direction in carbon-rich cementite regions and dislocation-rich recovered ferrite regions. The presence of partially recrystallized ferrite grains restricted the austenite growth in the normal direction and therefore enabled the formation of thin martensite bands parallel to the rolling direction. At fast heating rate, the microstructure before austenite formation predominately contained un-recrystallized ferrite and un-spheroidized cementite and therefore enabled faster austenite formation kinetics. Thicker martensite bands are formed at fast heating rates due to the absence of recrystallized grains, thereby, enabling the growth of austenite in all directions with a higher preference to the rolling direction.
Minor surgery in primary care has reduced minor surgery waiting lists: a 12-month review
Authors: McCormack Darren , Frankel Alexandra , Gallagher Joe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate minor procedures performed in general practice, to alleviate the burden on the economy, patients and secondary care physicians.

Aims
To determine the range of minor surgical procedures performed in a single group general practice, subsequent referrals made to secondary care, follow-up surgical procedures required and post-operative complications within a patient group.

Methods
Retrospective data collection from the electronic records of a single group general practice consisting of 5101 active patients within the previous 12 months. Through use of Socrates software program and statistical analysis, patients were stratified into demographics, including, age, gender, the cost of the procedure, the type of procedure being carried out, the post-operative referral rate to secondary care and any subsequent procedures required. The patients were excluded if their minor procedure was classified as a joint injection.

Results
133 procedures were carried out over the 12-month period. Of these patients, the majority were male, and the mean age was 44 years old. The most common procedures included the removal of ingrown toenails, lesion excisions and punch biopsies. Histological analysis was done on biopsies, with a low rate of misdiagnosis pre-operatively. Additionally, there were minimal referrals and no complications recorded.

Conclusions
This study has demonstrated the ability for minor surgery to be safely carried out in primary care. The integration of general practice, general surgery and plastic surgery could provide a higher level of patient care and exchange of skills to help reduce waiting lists and alleviate the burden secondary care.
Cabernet Sauvignon Red Must Processing by UHPH to Produce Wine Without SO2: the Colloidal Structure, Microbial and Oxidation Control, Colour Protection and Sensory Quality of the Wine
Authors: Vaquero Cristian , Escott Carlos , Loira Iris , Guamis Buenaventura , del Fresno Juan Manuel , Quevedo Joan Miquel , Gervilla Ramon , de Lamo Sergi , Ferrer-Gallego Raúl , González Carmen , Bañuelos María Antonia , Suárez-Lepe José Antonio , Morata Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA cryo-macerated must of V. vinifera L. cabernet sauvignon was processed by ultra-high-pressure homogenisation (UHPH) sterilisation without the use of SO2. The UHPH treatment of the must was carried out continuously at a pressure of 300 MPa and reaching a maximum temperature of 77 °C for less than 0.2 s. The colloidal structure of the UHPH must was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measuring an average particle size of 457 nm. The initial microbial load was 4-log CFU/mL (yeast), 3-log CFU/mL (bacteria). No yeast and non-sporulating bacteria were detected in 1 mL and 10 mL of the UHPH-treated must, respectively. Furthermore, no fermentative activity was detected in the non-inoculated UHPH-treated musts for more than 50 days. A strong inactivation of the oxidative enzymes was observed, with lower oxidation (≈ × 3) than controls. The antioxidant activity of the UHPH-treated must was much higher (106%) than that of the control must. UHPH had a protective effect in total anthocyanins, and especially in acylated anthocyanins (+ 9.3%); furthermore, the fermentation produces fewer higher alcohol (-44,3%) and more 2-phenylethyl acetate (+ 63%).