bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bowyer: A Planning Tool for Bridging the Gap between Declarative and Procedural Domains
Authors: Cash Steven , Young R. 
Published: October 2022

Traditionally, there have been two large obstacles faced in attempting to apply AI techniques to games and other virtual environments. The first obstacle is the gap between the largely declarative representations used by many AI techniques and the largely procedural approaches used in virtual environments. The second obstacle is the gap between the skill sets and knowledge bases of the two domain experts with AI researchers often lacking experience using virtual environment APIs and development environments and virtual environments developers often lacking significant AI knowledge. In this paper we present Bowyer, a tool designed to address these two obstacles to the integration of AI planning algorithms into virtual environments. Bowyer bridges the gap between the declarative representations in a planning domain and the procedural framework of a virtual environment via the use of code generation techniques. Bowyer’s functionality also allows planning researchers to integrate their planning research into virtual environments without the need to have extensive knowledge of virtual environment development.
Socially Consistent Characters in Player-Specific Stories
Authors: Thue David , Bulitko Vadim , Spetch Marcia , Webb Michael 
Published: October 2022

In the context of interactive, virtual experiences, the use of personality models to maintain consistent character behaviour is becoming more widespread in both industry and academia. Most current techniques, however, are limited in one of three ways: either they overly restrict user actions, have a high cost for creating varied content, or rely on a representation that prohibits conveying complex content to the user. Toward addressing these issues, we introduce Socially Consistent Role Passing, a mechanism for ensuring consistent character behaviour that leverages the design of PaSSAGE, an existing system for generating adaptive, interactive stories. While results from previous human user studies have shown that PaSSAGE improves the enjoyment of players with little gaming experience, we present results from a new study showing that PaSSAGE's adaptive stories, augmented with Socially Consistent Role Passing, improve the enjoyment of all players versus a set of fixed-structure alternatives.
Designing an Intelligent Virtual Agent for Social Communication in Autism
Authors: Bernardini Sara , Porayska-Pomsta Kaska , Sampath Harini 
Published: October 2022

This paper describes the Intelligent Engine (IE) of ECHOES, a serious game built for helping young children with Autism Spectrum Conditions acquire social communication skills. ECHOES IE's main component is an autonomous virtual agent that acts as a credible social partner for children with autism by engaging them in interactive learning activities. The other IE components are a user model, a drama manager and a social communication engine. We discuss how AI technology allows us to satisfy the requirements for the design of the agent and the learning activities that we identified through consultations with children and carers and a review of best practices for autism intervention. We present experimental results pertaining to the agent's effectiveness, which show encouraging improvements for a number of children.
On the Verification Complexity of Group Decision-Making Tasks
Authors: Amir Ofra , Shahar Yuval , Gal Ya'akov , Ilani Litan 
Published: October 2022

A popular use of crowdsourcing is to collect and aggregate individual worker responses to problems to reach a correct answer. This paper studies the relationship between the computation complexity class of problems, and the ability of a group to agree on a correct solution. We hypothesized that for NP-Complete (NPC) problems, groups would be able to reach a majority-based correct solution once it was suggested by a group member and presented to the other members, due to the "easy to verify" (i.e., verification in polynomial time) characteristic of this complexity class. In contrast, when posed with PSPACE-Complete (PSC) "hard to verify" problems (i.e., verification in exponential time), groups will not necessarily be able to choose a correct solution even if such a solution has been presented. Consequently, increasing the size of the group is expected to facilitate the ability of the group to converge on a correct solution when solving NPC problems, but not when solving PSC problems. To test this hypothesis we conducted preliminary experiments in which we evaluated people's ability to solve an analytical problem and their ability to recognize a correct solution. In our experiments, participants were significantly more likely to recognize correct and incorrect solutions for NPC problems than for PSC problems, even for problems of similar difficulties (as measured by the percentage of participants who solved the problem). This is a first step towards formalizing a relationship between the computationally complexity of a problem and the crowd's ability to converge to a correct solution to the problem.
To Re(label), or Not To Re(label)
Authors: Lin Christopher , Mausam . , Weld Daniel 
Published: October 2022

One of the most popular uses of crowdsourcing is to provide training data for supervised machine learning algorithms. Since human annotators often make errors, requesters commonly ask multiple workers to label each example. But is this strategy always the most cost effective use of crowdsourced workers? We argue "No" --- often classifiers can achieve higher accuracies when trained with noisy "unilabeled" data. However, in some cases relabeling is extremely important. We discuss three factors that may make relabeling an effective strategy: classifier expressiveness, worker accuracy, and budget.
Crowd-Workers: Aggregating Information Across Turkers to Help Them Find Higher Paying Work
Authors: Callison-Burch Chris 
Published: October 2022

The Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform currently fails to provide the most basic piece of information to enable workers to make informed decisions about which tasks to undertake: what is the expected hourly pay? Mechanical Turk advertises a reward amount per assignment, but does not give any indication of how long each assignment will take. We have developed a browser plugin that tracks the length of time it takes to complete a task, and a web service that aggregates the information across many workers. Our web service, crowd-workers.com, allows workers to discovery higher paying work by sorting tasks by estimated hourly rate.
Comparison of Immunohistochemical Methods (IHC) and Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH) in the Detection of HER2 /Neu Gene in Kurdish Patients with Breast Cancer in Western Iran
Authors: Aznab Mozafar , Izadi Babak , Amirian Farhad , Khazaei Sedigheh , Madani Seyed Hamid , Ramezani Mazaher 
Published: October 2022

Background: Amplification of HER2 is an important factor in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the gold standard for the detection of HER2-positive tumors. However, the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay for the detection of HER2 is more popular in the preclinical laboratory since it is faster and more economical compared to the FISH test.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the status of HER2 amplification is determined by the FISH test using 44 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples and comparing the results with the IHC test to determine the reliability of the IHC test. Also, the relationship between HER2 amplification and estrogen, progesterone receptors, P53, age, menopausal status, family history of breast cancer, tumor size, and histological grade were determined.
Results: Examination of HER2 in 44 samples by IHC showed 3 (6.8%) and 5 (11.4%) samples were positive (IHC 3+) and negative (IHC 0, 1+), respectively, and 36 (81.8%) samples were ambiguous (IHC 2 +), but examination by FISH showed 21 samples (47, 7%) were positive and 23 samples (52, 3%) were negative. There was a significant difference between IHC and FISH in the detection of HER2 amplification (P=0.019). Also, there was a significant difference between HER2 amplification and menopause in patients (P=0.035).
Conclusion: This result demonstrated that the IHC test is not a reliable test to determine HER2 amplification. This study represented that FISH analysis is more reliable than IHC and must be preferentially performed for all cases, especially for HER2 +2 cases for whom the IHC result is 2+.
Readability and Suitability Evaluation of Educational Media Regarding Men's Secondhand Smoke on Pregnant Wives
Authors: Karimiankakolaki Zohreh , Anoosheh Vida Sadat , Aliakbari Fatemeh 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The tools for assessing the appropriateness of educational materials are measuring device. Suitability offers a systematic approach to objectively assessing the appropriateness of health information material for a specific audience. The present study is designed to evaluate the readability and suitability of educational media about regarding men's secondhand smoke (SHS) in the smoker men on their the exposure of pregnant wives.
Methods: This cross sectional study was done from October to December 2018 in Isfahan, Iran. Participants were in two groups. The first group of educational media audience consisted of 20 smokers with a pregnant wife. The second group was 15 people from the panel of experts. Written educational media (pamphlets) were evaluated. The readability of the material was measured by “readability assessment of materials” (RAM) and suitability was retrieved through “suitability assessment materials” (SAM). The Gunning-Fog Index was used to assess the readability of the media and the cloze test was used to assess the educational level of the media. Descriptive indices were stated for all variables. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS18.
Results: The readability mean score of the educational material was 16.60±1.34 for pamphlet, which was acceptable (score>10, P=0.000). Results showed the percentage points SAM score for the pamphlet was 85%. The educational material for media was “excellent” on the SAM rating. The score of the Gunning-Fog index for pamphlets was 9.6 and equivalent to the third grade of guidance was obtained. According to the evaluation by cloze test, pamphlet learning was assessed as an independent training without the need for a teacher.
Conclusions: The printed materials were well-matched after evaluation by the RAM and the SAM checklist, the Gunning-Fog Index and the cloze test. They were consistent with the characteristics of smoker men.
Analysis of the salt consumption situation using SWOT approach and providing solutions related to COMBI strategies
Authors: Soltani Tahere , Mazloomy Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Soltani Mohammad Hossein , Vaezi Ali Akbar , Fallahzadeh Hossien , Namayandeh Seyede Mahdieh 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: excessive consumption of salt is one of the unhealthy eating habits and is one of the factors in the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and the resulting mortality. Using swot tool is one of the effective measures in understanding the society, planning and new solutions for behavior modification. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to salt consumption in the target society in order to provide solutions to improve the current situation.
Methods: An exploratory study was conducted in hamidia town of yazd city in 2020. Qualitative data were collected using three focus groups and twenty four individual interviews with women and eleven individual interviews with health workers. Quantitative data of knowledge, attitude and performance of women regarding salt consumption were collected using a validated questionnaire regarding salt consumption through a 4-part researcher. The amount of salt consumed was measured through a 24-hour food questionnaire and a urine test. Themes were identified from quantitative and qualitative data and analyzed and were interpreted using a swot matrix and solutions were designed using strategies COMBI.
Results: the results of research showed that the highest priority among the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the program are, respectively, trusting the training of doctors and center personnel with the importance coefficient of 0.06, insufficient awareness about the complications of excessive salt consumption with the importance coefficient 0.06, the presence of nutrition experts in health centers and access to health professionals with the importance coefficient of 0.05 and the existence of conflicting information in the society about salt consumption with the importance coefficient of 0.053.
Conclusion: Our results showed that, the best strategy for the program of reducing salt consumption in the target society was an aggressive strategy. Therefore, the relevant officials can, implement the aggressive strategies presented in this research to reduce the salt consumption
AVALIAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO EM RECURSOS HÍDRICOS: INSTRUMENTOS PARA TOMADA DE DECISÃO
Authors: Gama Erika Simone Caxias , Condurú Marise Teles 
Published: October 2022

Reflete sobre o uso de sistemas de informação, tendo como objetivo analisar a qualidade da informação nos sistemas de informação em recursos hídricos, propiciando informação para a tomada de decisão no setor. A pesquisa é caracterizada como bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem qualitativa, caracterizada como estudo de caso múltiplo. Com isso, foi realizada avaliação da qualidade da informação disponível no Sistema Nacional de Informação de Recursos Hídricos (SNIRH), da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) e no Sistema Estadual de Informações sobre Recursos Hídricos (SEIRH), da Secretaria de Estado e Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade (SEMAS). Constatou-se que os sistemas analisados apresentam falhas em alguns critérios de consistência da informação, percebendo-se que a oferta de informações não é embasada em coletas reais, pois não são indicados a fonte de onde foi retirada; assim como a falta de coerência da linguagem utilizada pela fonte com seus objetivos e o público a que se destina. Quanto ao critério facilidade de uso, houve a negativa em relação a disponibilidade de recursos de pesquisa na fonte: função de busca, lógica booleana, índice, arranjo, espaço da informação, outros e instruções de uso. O que diferenciou foi no critério facilidade de uso dos sites, que no SNIRH encontra-se mapa do site/fonte, enquanto no SEIRH não há disponível. Conclui-se que os dois sistemas analisados precisam de atenção à qualidade da informação, para que haja maior credibilidade e eficácia às coletas de dados para a tomada de decisão. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Informação Ambiental, Qualidade da informação, Sistemas de informação.
INDICADORES DE VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA PARA SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS PECUÁRIOS NO SUDESTE DO PARÁ
Authors: Queiroz Jaqueline Fontel de , Maneschy Rosana , Filgueiras Gisalda Carvalho , Homma Alfredo K. Oyama 
Published: October 2022

A degradação de áreas de pastagem, no Brasil e especialmente na Amazônia, constitui um grave problema ambiental e econômico. Existem possibilidades econômicas e ambientais para recuperar tais áreas. A primeira diz respeito aos sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs), sendo estes capazes de gerar benefícios ao produtor, como o aumento do nível de renda, devido à diversificação destes sistemas. Do ponto de vista ambiental, podem melhorar a qualidade do solo, diminuir a erosão e promovem o sequestro de carbono. Neste estudo, selecionou-se as espécies adotadas em experiências exitosas do projeto “Proteção e uso sustentável de paisagens dos biomas brasileiros (PROJETO BIOMAS)”, que têm parceria com a Confederação da Agricultura e Pecuária do Brasil (CNA), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de simular e analisar 12 modelos distintos de SAFs, analisando a viabilidade econômica de cada um deles, por meio de indicadores: taxa interna de retorno (TIR), valor presente líquido (VPL), relação benefício-custo (Rb/c), payback e valor anual equivalente (VAE). Em todas as simulações foram adotadas as taxas de juros de 2,5% a.a., 6% a.a. 7% a.a, de acordo com as linhas de juros do PRONAF-Floresta, Programa Nacional de Apoio ao Médio Produtor Rural – PRONAMP e MODERAGRO. O resultado confirmou a viabilidade de cada um dos modelos testados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agroflorestal, Pecuária, Amazônia.
ANALISIS PENGUNGKAPAN ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING DENGAN DEBT EQUITY RATIO SEBAGAI VARIABLE MODERASI
Authors: Addainuri Muhammad Isbad , Haryono Slamet 
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Financing to Deposit Ratio Dan Return on Asset dan Debt Equity Ratio sebagai variabel pemoderasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) dan menggunakan data sekunder yang berupa data panel pada Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) dengan menggunakan alat Pengolahan data STATA versi 12. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berupa Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia periode 2016-2020. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Dari penelitian ini menunjukan menemukan bahwa Ukuran Perusahaan dan Return on Asset berpengaruh terhadap Islamic Social Reporting dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0.093 dan 0.030, akan tetapi variabel Financing to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap Islamic Social Reporting dengan tingkat signifikansinya 0.804. Kemudian variabel Debt Equity Ratio disimpulkan tidak dapat memoderasi Ukuran Perusahaan, Financing To Deposit Ratio, dan Return On Asset terhadap Islamic Social Reporting yang ditunjukan dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0.699, 0.311, dan 0.109.
Therapeutic Bacteriophages for Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Animals and Humans
Authors: Zagaliotis Panagiotis , Michalik-Provasek Jordyn , Gill Jason , Walsh Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are an increasingly serious health threat causing worldwide nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality. Of these, the most prevalent and severe are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Salmonella typhimurium. The extended use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug resistance in these bacteria. Drug-inactivating enzymes produced by these bacteria, as well as other resistance mechanisms, render drugs ineffective and make treatment of such infections more difficult and complicated. This makes the development of novel antimicrobial agents an urgent necessity. Bacteriophages, which are bacteria-killing viruses first discovered in 1915, have been used as therapeutic antimicrobials in the past, but their use was abandoned due to the widespread availability of antibiotics in the 20th century. The emergence, however, of drug-resistant pathogens has re-affirmed the need for bacteriophages as therapeutic strategies. This review describes the use of bacteriophages as novel agents to combat this rapidly emerging public health crisis by comprehensively enumerating and discussing the innovative use of bacteriophages in both animal models and in patients infected by Gram-negative bacteria.
Origin and Characteristics of the Crude Oils and Condensates in the Callovian-Oxfordian Carbonate Reservoirs of the Amu Darya Right Bank Block, Turkmenistan
Authors: Shan Yunpeng , Chai Hui , Wang Hongjun , Zhang Liangjie , Su Penghui , Kong Xiangwen , Bai Zhenhua , Cheng Muwei , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Amu Darya Right Bank Block is located northeast of the Amu Darya basin, a large petroliferous sedimentary basin, with abundant natural gas resources in carbonate rocks under the ultra-thick gypsum-salt layer. Oil fields producing crude oils have recently been found around large gas fields. Unraveling the origins of the crude oils is crucial for effective petroleum exploration and exploitation. The origin of gas condensates and crude oils was unraveled through the use of comprehensively analytical and interpretative geochemical approaches. Based on oil-source correlation, the reservoir forming process has been restored. The bulk geochemical parameters of the local source rocks of the ADRBB indicated that the local sources have hydrocarbon generation and accumulation potential. The middle-lower Jurassic coal-bearing mudstone is gas prone, while the mudstone of the Callovian-Oxfordian gap layer is oil prone, and the organic matter type of Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate rocks is the mixed type between the two previous source rocks. The interpretation schemes for compositions of n-alkanes, pristane and phytane, C27–C28–C29 sterane distributions, C19+C20–C21–C23 tricyclic terpane distributions, extended tricyclic terpane ratio, and δ13C indicated that crude oil is likely from marine organic matter, while condensates mainly originate from terrestrial organic matter. However, from the perspective of the 18α-trisnorneohopane/17α-trisnorhopane and isomerization ratio of C29 sterane, condensates are too mature to have originated in the local source rocks of the ADRBB, whose maturity is well comparable with that of crude oils. The geochemical, geologic, and tectonic evolutions collectively indicate that the crude oils were most likely generated and migrated from the relatively shallow, lowly mature gap layer and Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate rocks of the ADRBB, while the condensates mostly originated from the relatively deep and highly mature middle-lower coal-bearing mudstone and Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate rocks in the Murgab depression in the southeast of the basin. Basement faults are the key factors affecting the types of oil and gas reservoirs. During the periods of oil and gas migration, traps with basement faults mainly captured natural gas and condensates and traps without basement faults were enriched with crude oils generated from local source rocks.