bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Studies and Response of Rice Germplasm (Oryza sativa L.) to Brown Spot Incidence in Aerobic Condition
Authors: Shahani Monika , Kumar Rajesh , . Nilanjaya , Kumar Ashutosh , Kumar Avinash , Bijarania Subhash 
Published: February 2022

The present investigation was carried out with 150 rice genotypes and three check varieties namely Rajshree, Pankaj and Rajendra Neelam with the view of assessing the variability in traits related to productivity and studying the response of these varieties towards brown spot resistance under the aerobic condition. These genotypes were evaluated for brown spot incidence and yield potential by recording observation for 11 quantitative traits by using augmented randomized complete block design at Rice research farm of RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar, during Kharif season of 2019. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences amongst the genotypes for all the eleven traits studied. Based on the mean performance, 14 genotypes out of 150 genotypes were significantly superior to the best check, Rajendra Neelam, for three traits viz., grain yield/ plant, Percent Disease Intensity (PDI) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), which are considered key traits for the assessment of brown spot incidence. The genotypes viz., VLD 16 entry no. -5, Udyagiri entry no.-9, and SKL 6 entry no.-94 significantly exhibited high mean for majority of the traits under study. Based on the AUDPC values, genotypes Satabdi, PS-4, Haryana Basmati and SKL6 were resistant for brown spot incidence. For most of the traits studied, moderate to low value of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was recorded. Higher magnitude of broad sense heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean (GAM) were perceived for days to 50% flowering, plant height, no. of tillers per plant, no. of panicles per plant, filled grains per panicle, grain yield per plant, PDI, AUDPC signifying that direct selection by these traits can be rewarding for achieving yield improvisation and resistance to brown spot disease
Effect of Plastic Mulching and Irrigation Levels on Yield of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Kishore Gottam , Babu Banda Maheswara , Challa Lakshmi Poojitha , Kumar S. Vinod , Konga Upendar , Durga M. Lakshmi 
Published: February 2022

Plastic mulches are widely used for cultivation of vegetables. An experiment was conducted to observe the impact of plastic colour mulches on soil temperature, water use efficiency (WUE) and produce of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under drip irrigation from 2015-2016. The treatments were laid out in split plot design with three replications. The plastic coloured mulches used were white on black, silver on black and black. 60, 80, 100 and 120% evapotranspiration (ET) used as irrigation levels and a non-mulched treatment as control. Due to the interaction effects, treatment white colour on black plastic mulch with 80% ET i.e., I2M1 recorded the maximum yield (93.54 t ha-1) followed by silver colour on black plastic mulch with 80% ET (I2M2) produced 87.65 t ha-1. Plastic colour mulching improved production compared to bare soil. as the plants grown in white colour on black plastic colour mulch resulted 40 to 54% increase in yield compared to control treatment.
Speargrass [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel] Growth in Relation to Season, Rainfall and Temperature Patterns of Southern Agro-ecologies of Nigeria
Authors: Aluko O. A. , Amosun J. O. , Adetayo A. O. , Dauda T. O. 
Published: February 2022

Speargrass posed a major constraint to crop producion in some agroecologies in Nigeria. Hence, the study was conducted to investigate the influence of seasons, rainfall and temperature patterns on speargrass components growth with the view to improve its management. This study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 at Eruwa (7˚32’0˚N, 3˚ 25’0 ˚E, 187m altitude) in Derived savanna (DS) and Kishi (08˚.98’N, 003˚.94’E; 364m altitude) in the southern Guinea savanna (SGS)–northern fringe agroecologies of Nigeria. Twelve months of the year starting from July were randomly assigned to plots in an abandoned speargrass infested farmland, replicated three times and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design. Monthly temperature, rainfall and speargrass samples (shoot and rhizome) were measured. Results showed that rainfall amount varied across the months in both locations. The highest rainfall was recorded in September (264.20 mm) and hottest month was May, 2016 (28.5oC) in Derived savanna between 2014 and 2016 (Table 1). Kishi had 186 mm rainfall in the wettest months and the hottest months had 28.0 oC within the specified period of the study (Table 2). Total speargrass total dry weight (STDW) increased with rise in rainfall in both locations. Meanwhile, there were variations in the components (Shoot and rhizome) weight. However, there was decline in speargrass dry matter during the dry months (January to April) in the locations. This might have reflected the effects of moisture deficit. Notwisthanding, Rhizome:shoot varied at both locations. Derived savanna (Eruwa) had rhizome:shoot >1.00 in five months throughout the study (5/24), while southern Guinea savanna (Kishi) had rhizome:shoot >1.00 in eleven months (11/24). Speargrass control might be more challenging especially in SGS than DS in the months with higher Rhizome:shoot ratio > 1.00. Derived savanna had more months (19/24 months) with lower rhizome:shoot ratio (< 1.00) than SGS (13/24 months). This might have resulted from more rainy months and better distribution of rainfall in Derived savanna for speargrass shoot growth and the resultant decrease in rhizome:shoot (< 1.00). This is a clue for better translocation of herbicides for season-long speargrass control.
Relationship between Knowledge and Practice of Physical Activity and Development of Chronic Diseases among Adults in Port Harcourt, Rivers State
Authors: Udo Orukwowu , Chigozie Nwondah , Dennis Wogu , John Akpan Ido 
Published: February 2022

Background: Non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. The aim study is to assess the relationship between knowledge and practice of physical activity and development of chronic diseases among adults in Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among residents in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used for this study. A multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit 333 participants into the study. The study included adults who were 45yrs and above at time of the data collection, and who must have lived in Port Harcourt for at least 1 year. All adults who were critically ill at the time of this study were excluded. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect responses from the participants. Information collected were entered into the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 software as numeric codes and analyzed. Ethical clearance for the study was gotten from the Ethics Committee of Rivers State University and informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Result: This study found that majority of the participants, (64.9%) had good knowledge of physical activity while (35.1%) had poor knowledge physical activity. About (25.2%) of the participants engage in physical activity, while (53.6%) of them regularly do physical activity. The result showed that a statistically significant association was observed between tobacco consumption at (p=0.0001), alcohol consumption at (p=0.0001) and chronic diseases. Also a statistically significant relationship between knowledge of physical activity and chronic disease.
Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a significant relationship between lack of exercise and development of chronic diseases. Also, socio-demographic characteristics and social lifestyle of the respondents have a great influence on physical activity, development and progression of chronic diseases among adults. The study recommends that health workers should organize regular health education and promotion on physical activity among adults in Port Harcourt and other parts of the country.
Effect of Preoperative Single Dose Misoprostol on Intraoperative Blood Loss during Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Aziz Asmaa Ezzat Abdel , Sokary Aml Abdel Samea El , Borg Hesham Mohamed El Said , Marey Safaa Kamal 
Published: February 2022

Background: Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. It is the most frequently performed major gynaecological surgical procedure, with millions of procedures performed annually throughout the world. Hysterectomy can be performed for benign and malignant indications. Misoprostol, a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E1, has been extensively evaluated as a uterotonic agent in obstetrics mainly for prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage and reduction of bleeding during caesarean delivery. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact and efficacy of pre-operative sublingual misoprostol given in women having hysterectomy in terms of blood loss.
Results: This randomized single blind controlled trial was carried on 70 women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. They were randomly allocated in two equal groups: misoprostol group: patients received two tablets of Misoprostol (=200 μg) 30 minutes before operation and a control group (placebo group): patients received two tablets of Placebo 30 minutes before operation.
Haemoglobin and Haematocrit reductions were significantly lower among misoprostol group than among placebo group. Blood loss was significantly lower among misoprostol group than among placebo group. The most common indication for hysterectomy was a fibroid, dysfunction uterine bleeding and, adenomyosis. The fibroid was the most significant for the effect of misoprostol in decreasing blood loss, haemoglobin and haematocrit during abdominal hysterectomy more than adenomyosis and dysfunction uterine bleeding.
Conclusions: A single preoperative dose of 400 μg of misoprostol administered 30 minutes before abdominal hysterectomy resulted in a significant reduction of blood loss.
Comparative Analysis of In vitro Quality Parameters of Different Brands of Marketed Ciprofloxacin Tablets Available in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mst. Mahfuza , Akter Khurshida , Rahman Masudur , Shorna Jinat Fatema , Lahiry Amitav , Wahed Mir Imam Ibne 
Published: February 2022

Aim: Ciprofloxacin is a broad‑spectrum antibiotic under the group of drugs called fluoroquinolones. It is extensively being manufactured and marketed drug by many national and multinational pharmaceutical companies. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of different brands of ciprofloxacin 500mg tablets available in Bangladesh using quality characteristics such as weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution profile.
Methodology: The tablets' overall quality criteria, such as weight variation, hardness, thickness, diameter, friability, disintegration time, and dissolving profile, were evaluated using established protocols. An electric analytical balance was employed to measure weight variation. An automated hardness tester was used to determine the hardness, thickness, and diameter. A friabilator was used to determine the degree of friability. A disintegration equipment and a dissolution tester were used to examine the disintegration time and dissolution profile, respectively.
Results: In this study, all the values were compared with the standards. All brands had been passed for the weight variation test, because no tablets surpass the ± 5 % weight variation. The weight variation range was from 714.57±4.08 mg (brand C) to 837.92±7.49 mg (brand E). In hardness testing procedure, all brands of ciprofloxacin 500mg tablets were within the specified limit. The average hardness of the items ranges from 11.11±1.44 kgF to 19.26±2.20 kgF respectively. The five brand's percentage friability was less than 1%, indicating that they met the requirements. The lowest friability (0.015 %) was found in Brand E, while the highest friability (0.032 %) was found in Brand B. Within 10 minutes, the entire trademark had disintegrated, indicating that they had met the requirements. Brand E had the quickest disintegration time (5.35±0.49 minutes), while brand B had the slowest (9.12±0.88 minutes).All brands had a dissolution rate of 83.56% for A, 95.84% for B, 91.15% for C, 84.46% for D and 88.97% for E, all those were within 60 minutes in dissolution testing. The five brands' assay was within the specified limit, indicating that they met the requirements
Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study of evaluating quality control parameters revealed that all of the leading brands of this tablet comply the quality control parameters as per pharmacopoeial specifications. Further work is recommended on bioequivalence of these tablets.
A Review on Hydrotherapy Practices in Ancient India
Authors: Sujatha K. J. , Manjunath N. K. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Water being one of the five great elements (pañcamahābhūta), is considered to be the medium of creation and maintenance of life. Hydrotherapy is the application of water in various forms, temperature on the body either internally or externally for the treatment of the diseases and maintenance of health. It has been observed that many of the practices are considered as a part of daily routine before it was developed into a separate treatment modality. Application of water was given utmost importance in Indian traditional texts like Rigveda, yajurveda, atharva veda, as well as caraka samhitä, çuçruta samhitä and añöäìgasangraha of äyurveda. The practice of hydrotherapy was a part of the all performances or rituals like yäga and yajïa. In this study we aim to elaborate the ancient Indian techniques for improving the body immunity through hydrotherapy as mentioned in traditional texts. The traditional references for hydrotherapy technique like bath, affusion, immersion, packs, irrigations, compresses, poultices, etc, in Indian tradition are searched and compiled. The key changes which can happen in the body due to these practices, which confirm the healthy condition is studied and the proper methodology for these procedures are listed as per the Indian texts with upgrading methods. We observed in this research that, although having a firm foundation of these behaviours listed in all classic books, they are not mandatory in our day-to-day actions.The modern life style has given more liberty to the people about these practices. Many historical methods have been seen to be unappealing or to fail to persuade others. In this regard we found many of the ready/ easy practices which can reach wider range of people, as an essential method to propagate and train for better living and protection of health to entire humankind.
Effect of Biochemical Parameters and Histology of Liver on Sucrose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Wistar Rats
Authors: Abubakar U. , Wasagu H. I. , Mohammed M. O. , Tsamiya R. I. , Mohammed I. , Avwioro O. G. , Muhammad A. T. , Umar A. , Sani S. M. , Yale B. M. , Umar S. , Imam A. B. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multiple factorial condition that draws a parallel to various risks such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. As per the new International Diabetes Federation (IDF), for a person to be defined as having metabolic syndrome of central obesity along with any two of the following four factors: Raised triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dL), reduced HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL in males and<50 mg/dL in females), raised blood pressure (systolic BP ≥ 130 or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mm Hg) and raised fasting plasma glucose (FPG ≥ 100 mg/dL).
Sucrose is a common sugar, also known as “table sugar”. It is a sweet-tasting carbohydrate that is present in almost everything we eat. It is a natural compound that gives us valuable energy as it is a quick and easy source of energy but sucrose tends to be harmful when over-consumed. Sucrose is consumed worldwide and it is known to have harmful effects on metabolic heath.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the histological and biochemical changes of liver in sucrose induced metabolic syndrome in Wistar rats.
Methods: Total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly grouped into three groups A, B and C. 10g of sucrose was weighed and dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water to make the 10% sucrose solution and 20g was also weighed and dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water to make the 20% sucrose solution. Group A served as control and was administered orally with distilled water, group B was administered with the 10% sucrose solution orally and group C was administered with the 20% sucrose solution orally all for 6 weeks (42 days) The Wistar rats were anaesthetized using chloroform vapour in an enclosed transparent jar. Blood was collected through cardiac puncture and dispensed in to plain container for liver biochemical analysis and liver was carefully removed and washed with normal saline and then fixed in 10 % formol saline for histological preparation.
Results: There was increase in some serum liver function parameters: total protein (TP), Albumin (ALB), Total bilirubin (TB), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) but the increase was statistically insignificant. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-Chol) and Glucose parameters were also statistically insignificant. Histopathology examination of sections of the liver specimens shows steatosis (deposits of fat on the liver) on the liver of both group B and C Wistar rats.
Conclusion: Histological examination of the liver specimens shows presence of fat cells deposition (steatosis) in all liver sections. Further studies needed to make a definitive conclusion as to whether the biochemical parameters can cause insignificant or significant changes.
Knowledge And Awareness on Oral Care Among Mothers of Children Less Than Five Years Old: A Survey
Authors: Mohamed Naz Fathima Raj , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Health-related behaviors are influenced by knowledge and awareness, with oral health being no exception. It is well-known that oral diseases are influenced by social determinants. Children depend on their parents and caretakers for maintenance of their oral health so oral health knowledge of mothers could be associated with the status of their children’s oral health.
Aim: The aim of this survey was to evaluate and create awareness on oral care among mothers of children less than 5 years old.
Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted among mothers of children less than five years old using a questionnaire in google forms. The Questionnaire was framed which mainly targeted awareness on dental attitude, knowledge and practice of mothers regarding their children’s oral health. The survey was done in January 2021. The results were obtained and statistically analysed through SPSS software, chi square test was done and represented as pie-chart and bar graphs.
Results: Out of 100 mothers who participated in the study, 66.09% have studied up to primary/high school level and 33.91% have qualified university level. About 54.78% of the participants agreed that the importance of oral health to general health, 28.70% disagreed. The association of mothers' education and their opinion on children's age on brushing their teeth shows that the majority of primary/high school mothers agreed that children should brush their teeth older than 5 years than other participants and it was statistically significant p value=0.04(>0.05))
Conclusion: Mothers who are graduates are more aware of the importance of oral health in children, treatment of dental caries, and brushing technique than mothers who qualified with school education.
Determining the Impact of Coronavirus (COVID 19) on General Surgical Practice in India
Authors: Patel Aditya D. , Nangare Nitin R. , Mehta Tanmay 
Published: February 2022

Background: The increased risk of contracting Covid 19 has proved to be a major professional hazard for surgeons working through the coronavirus pandemic that started in 2019, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of covid 19 on the general surgical practice in India. After the high number of worldwide cases, Covid 19 was officially proclaimed to be pandemic on March 11, 2020. The Indian government announced the implementation of a 3 week long nationwide lockdown on March 24 in an effort to curb the escalation of the Covid 19 crisis, as the number of people who tested positive reached 563.
Methodology: A list was obtained of members of the Indian Association of Gastro intestinal endo-surgeons (IAGES) and email id was collected. Pre formed semi structured questionnaire was sent to email id of all 6000 doctors. Out of which One hundred and forty surgeons
Had responded. The survey involved questions about the practice of surgery prior to COVID19 and implications of COVID 19 in the current practice and financial of surgery. The answers were compiled and analyzed statistically.
Results: The larger part (40%) had practiced for over 20 years; 36.4% worked in various private medical centres Of those that took the survey it was found that 40 % had a largely laparoscopic practice wherein they saw approximately an average of 24 patients a day and 40 cases/month as planned surgical cases. After the blockade, step by step technique. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) chemoprophylaxis was represented by 54% of subject matter experts. Individual guarded equipment (PPE) was used by 58.2% in all cases, 72.3% communicated that there was insufficient course for future cautious work on concerning prosperity. 53% of experts saw a reduction of more than 75% in their month to month pay, while 21% saw an abatement of 50-75%. A third (33%) of respondents own a crisis facility and anticipate that a month should month money related charge of 2.30 million rupees.
Conclusion: Covid 19 has radically lessened the load of the current surgical practice and elective surgical treatments. This study warrants the need for the establishment of clear guidelines to ensure the safety of specialists in the conduction of surgical practices, and to set in place a plan to overcome the financial liability brought about by COVID 19.