bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovering computational thinking in everyday problem solving: A multiple case study of route planning
Authors: Ezeamuzie Ndudi O. , Leung Jessica S. C. , Garcia Raycelle C. C. , Ting Fridolin S. T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe idea of computational thinking is underpinned by the belief that anyone can learn and use the underlying concepts of computer science to solve everyday problems. However, most studies on the topic have investigated the development of computational thinking through programming activities, which are cognitively demanding. There is a dearth of evidence on how computational thinking augments everyday problem solving when it is decontextualized from programming.ObjectivesIn this study, we examined how computational thinking, when untangled from the haze of programming, is demonstrated in everyday problem solving, and investigated the features of such solvable problems.MethodsUsing a multiple case study approach, we tracked how seven university students used computational thinking to solve the everyday problem of a route planning task as part of an 8‐week‐long Python programming course.Results and ConclusionsComputational thinking practices are latent in everyday problems, and intentionally structuring everyday problems is valuable for discovering the applicability of computational thinking. Decomposition and abstraction are prominent computational thinking components used to simplify everyday problem solving.ImplicationsIt is important to strike a balance between the correctness of algorithms and simplification of the process of everyday problem solving.
Chronic pruritus in multiple sclerosis and clinical correlates
Authors: Ingrasci Giuseppe , Tornes Leticia , Brown Andrew , Delgado Silvia , Hernandez Jeffrey , Yap Qai Ven , Yosipovitch Gil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo date, little is known about the prevalence of itch in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its characteristics.ObjectivesIn this cross‐sectional study, we assessed the prevalence, intensity and characteristics of chronic pruritus in MS patients and its effect on quality‐of‐life and association with MS symptoms, clinical signs, comorbidities and MRI findings.MethodsMS patients presenting to an outpatient neurology clinic were asked about their current symptoms. Those who experienced chronic pruritus were administered the Standardized Itch Questionnaire and Itch Quality of Life forms. All patients' medical records were reviewed. Patients with any medical conditions associated with chronic itch were excluded.ResultsSeventy‐seven total MS patients were included, and 27 (35%) reported pruritus. The average itch NRS severity was 5.42 (range 0–10). The most affected body parts were the extremities, face or scalp, and trunk. Itch was characterized as acute (74%), paroxysmal (59%) and tingling (55%). Heat (52%) was the most common aggravating factor, while cold temperatures had no effect.Compared with MS patients without itch, itch patients reported more fatigue (77% vs 44%, p = 0.004), heat sensitivity (48% vs 20%, p = 0.0177), cognitive impairment (62% vs 26%, p = 0.0029) and depression or anxiety (48% vs 16%, p = 0.0063). Additionally, itch patients had more T2 hyperintensities in the posterior cervical cord and anterior pons/ventromedial medulla (74.1% vs 46.0%, p = 0.018 and 29.6% vs 8.0%, p = 0.020, respectively). Finally, T2 hyperintensities in the anterior pons/ventromedial medulla were strongly associated with itch localized to the face or scalp (OR 11.3, 95% CI 1.6–78.6, p = 0.025).ConclusionMS patients experience paroxysmal neuropathic pruritus that is most frequently localized to the extremities, face or scalp. Patients with itch were more likely to have MS‐related comorbidities and demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord or brainstem.
Big Five personality and religiosity: Bidirectional cross‐lagged effects and their moderation by culture
Authors: Entringer Theresa M. , Gebauer Jochen E. , Kroeger Hannes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivePersonality has long been assumed to be a cause of religiosity, not a consequence. Yet, recent research suggests that religiosity may well cause personality change. Consequently, longitudinal research is required that examines the bi‐directionality between personality and religiosity. The required research must also attend to cultural religiosity—a critical moderator in previous cross‐sectional research.MethodWe conducted four‐wave, cross‐lagged panel models assessing the bi‐directional effects between religiosity (measured as religious attendance) and the Big Five personality traits over 12 years in 14 samples (Ntotal = 44,485). Each sample used population‐representative data from a different German federal state—states that vary widely in religiosity.ResultsThe findings were the following: (1) Agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness were associated with changes in religiosity, with the latter two effects being culture‐contingent. (2) Religiosity was associated with changes in agreeableness and openness, with the latter effect being culture‐contingent. (3) The cross‐lagged effects of personality on religiosity were overall stronger than the reverse effects.ConclusionsThe directionality between the Big Five and religiosity seems to go both ways and culture matters for those effects. We discuss the power of religiosity to alter personality and the role of culture for this effect and for personality change more generally.
Biogeographic patterns of polyploid species for the angiosperm flora in China
Authors: Wang Kai‐Lai , Deng Pu‐Rong , Yao Zhi , Dong Jin‐Yi , He Zhi , Yang Peng , Liu Yong‐Bo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExploring the frequency and distribution pattern of polyploid species in geographic parameters is of significance in understanding the mechanisms of polyploid speciation and evolutionary drivers of biodiversity. We here explored polyploid and paleopolyploid incidence frequency in a scale of 100 × 100 km grids in China. We found 33% of angiosperm species are polyploidy in China, and 23% of polyploid speciation. Western China and eastern China showed a significantly different polyploid and paleopolyploid frequency, with an evolutionary cradle of polyploid angiosperms in the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau. Herbaceous species exhibited higher polyploid frequency but lower paleopolyploid frequency than woody species, indicating the former experienced more rapid differentiation and speciation than the latter. Our results indicate that western China is an evolutionary cradle for polyploid angiosperms where harsh environment facilitates the establishment and survival of polyploids, while polyploid lineages tend to rediploidize to be diploids with sufficient time in suitable environment.
Influence of ozonation and roasting on functional, microstructural, textural characteristics, and aflatoxin content of groundnut kernels
Authors: Kaur Gurjeet , Sidhu Gagandeep Kaur , Kaur Preetinder , Kaur Amarjit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of ozonation, roasting and their combination on the moisture content, color, functional, structural, textural components, and aflatoxins in groundnut kernels. Samples were subjected to three treatments namely, dry roasting (R): 166°C for 7 min; gaseous ozone treatment (O): 6 mg/L for 30 min; combined ozonation‐roasting (OR): gaseous ozonation at 6 mg/L for 30 min followed by dry roasting at 166°C for 7 min. The ozonated‐roasted samples had the lowest moisture content (3.45%), the highest total phenolic content (4.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g), and antioxidants capacity (69.59%). The treatments did not induce significant changes in color of kernels (p < .05). Scanning electron microscopy indicated cracking of granules in roasted and swelling in ozonated kernels whereas more uniform orientation of granules was observed in ozonated‐roasted kernels. Roasted and ozonated kernels indicated a significant reduction of fracturability force to 54.60 and 14.11%, respectively, whereas ozonated‐roasted samples demonstrated a nonsignificant increase (4.37%). An increase in wave number of ozonated samples to 3,289.37 cm−1 in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum (FTIR) indicated stretching in OH groups. FTIR spectrum of ozonated‐roasted kernels suggested the formation of a new compound with CC and CC groups. The major aflatoxin B1 was reduced to maximum, that is, 100% in ozonated‐roasted kernels followed by ozonated (80.95%) and roasted (57.14%) samples. The findings indicate that the ozonation‐roasting treatment had a prominent role in the enhancement of functional compounds, structural and textural attributes along with the considerable reduction in aflatoxin content.
Infant feeding policies and monitoring systems: A qualitative study of European Countries
Authors: Gray Helen , Zakarija‐Grković Irena , Cattaneo Adriano , Vassallo Charlene , Borg Buontempo Mariella , Harutyunyan Susanna , Bettinelli Maria Enrica , Rosin Stefanie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImplementation of the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding varies widely among countries. Policymakers would benefit from insights into obstacles and enablers. Our aim was to explore the processes behind the development and implementation of national infant and young child feeding policies and monitoring systems in Europe. A qualitative study design was employed to analyze open text responses from six European countries (Croatia, Germany, Lithuania, Spain, Turkey and Ukraine) using inductive thematic analysis. Countries were selected based on their World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative scores on national policy and monitoring systems. The 33‐item online questionnaire was distributed to country representatives and completed by country teams. Key enablers and strengths included strong and continuous government commitment to infant and young child feeding, an operational national breastfeeding authority, a national and active monitoring and evaluation system, implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in national legislation, the integration of skilled breastfeeding supporters, the implementation of the Baby‐friendly Hospital Initiative, and positive cultural norms and traditions supporting optimal infant and young child feeding. In some countries, UNICEF played a key role in funding and designing policies and monitoring systems. Weak government leadership, the strong influence of the industry, lack of adequate national legislation on the International Code and cultural norms which devalued breastfeeding were particularly noted as obstacles. Government commitment, funding and protection of optimal infant and young child feeding are essential to the implementation of strong national policies and monitoring systems.
Pathophysiological crosstalk between migraine aura and epilepsy: Effect of lomerizine hydrochloride
Authors: Fujita Kazuki , Shibata Mamoru , Maruki Yuichi , Sakai Fumihiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA 29‐year‐old woman previously diagnosed with both migraine with aura and epilepsy visited our hospital complaining of unusual headaches. The prodromal symptoms changed from typical scintillating scotoma to short‐lasting moving lights against deja‐vu scenery. Then, loss of consciousness and urinary incontinence after headaches, and even generalized convulsion began to occur. Lomerizine hydrochloride decreased her headache attacks, urinary incontinence, loss of consciousness, and seizure. We considered her headache changed from migraine with typical aura to post‐ictal headache. Lomerizine hydrochloride may have alleviated epilepsy in addition to migraine.
A case of retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations: Long‐term treatment with repeated courses of immunotherapy
Authors: Muguruma Kazuki , Sugimoto Takamichi , Terada Yoshiko , Yuan Junhui , Nomura Eiichi , Takashima Hiroshi , Yamawaki Takemori , Kohriyama Tatsuo , Maruyama Hirofumi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present here the case of a 48‐year‐old man who first developed retinopathy, and motor deficit and aphasia occurred 8 years later. A tumor‐like lesion was seen by brain MRI. He was diagnosed with retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL‐S) because a three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) gene abnormality was identified. After intravenous methylprednisolone pulse (IVMP) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test results and clinical manifestations improved. However, a new lesion appeared 3 years later. Immunotherapy became ineffective, and repeated relapses occurred. We evaluated the results of laboratory tests and brain MRI for 6 years after the first treatment. Coagulation tests, including measurements of vWF activity, remained high, so immunotherapy was thought to have a limited effect.
Neonatal cutaneous inflammatory syndrome associated with homozygous epidermal growth factor receptor mutation
Authors: Labbouz Sofia , Keegan Grace , King Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane protein with tyrosine kinase signaling activity regulating many essential cellular functions, and loss of function mutations in EGFR result in a life‐threatening neonatal syndrome. We present the case of a preterm boy born with intrauterine growth restriction who developed multisystem disease due to a homozygous mutation in the EGFR gene. He experienced a tumultuous and complex clinical course with recurrent skin infections and sepsis, nephrocalcinosis, failure to thrive, severe electrolyte imbalances, rectal perforation, and thrombus formation, and died after 11 months due to renal failure. This case report builds on work recently published in 2020 describing a case series of 18 similar patients and adds to the growing literature describing the severe phenotype and multisystem disease associated with loss of EGFR mutation in the Roma population.
Praise
Authors: Telech Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne way of being responsible for an action is being praiseworthy for it. But what is the “praise” of which the praiseworthy agent isworthy? This paper provides a survey of answers to this question, i.e. a survey of possible accounts of praise’s nature. It then presents an overview of candidate norms governing our responses of praise. By attending to praise’s nature and appropriateness conditions, we stand to acquire a richer conception of what it is to be, and to regard another as, a responsible agent.
Spray Characterization of a Preheated Bio-Oil Surrogate at Elevated Pressures
Authors: Broumand Mohsen , Thomson Murray J. , Yun Sean , Hong Zekai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Atomization plays an important role in the gasification or combustion of bio-oils, where the atomizer parameters need to be properly controlled to efficiently atomize a highly viscous liquid at elevated pressures with imparting the least amount of kinetic energy to the discharged droplets because of evaporation and chemical reaction constraints. With a focus on bio-oil deployments in microgas turbines (MGTs), an aqueous surrogate of a preheated bio-oil, injected from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) twin-fluid atomizer, is used in the present study for spray size and velocity measurements at elevated pressures. The experiments were conducted in High Pressure Spray Facility of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) using various optical diagnostics including laser sheet imaging (LSI), phase Doppler anemometry (PDA), and laser diffraction (LD). A scaling strategy was adopted to conserve the ranges of gas-to-liquid momentum flux ratio, M, at different working pressures, P. Over the range of conditions studied, it is found out that the cone angle of sprays is insensitive to P, but they decrease with increasing M. For a constant value of M, droplet mean diameters increase and their corresponding velocities decrease with increasing P, attributed to the effect of gas-to-liquid density ratio on the primary breakup of a liquid jet in a coaxial gas stream. Therefore, to estimate the Sauter mean diameter of spray droplets, D32, a correlation previously reported in the literature is modified by including the effect of system air density at elevated pressures, and a novel correlation is proposed based on four dimensionless groups, namely, gas Weber number and gas-to-liquid momentum flux ratio, density ratio, and viscosity ratio. The detailed results obtained in the present study could be used to define the optimal parameters required for twin-fluid atomization of high viscosity liquids with various atomization gases under realistic operating conditions and to enhance the capabilities of their numerical simulations.
Symmetry Breaking in an Experimental Annular Combustor Model With Deterministic Electroacoustic Feedback and Stochastic Forcing
Authors: Humbert Sylvain C. , Orchini Alessandro , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Noiray Nicolas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we use an annular combustor experimental model with electroacoustic feedback to investigate systematically the effect of stochastic forcing and nonuniform flame response distribution on azimuthal thermoacoustic modes. We break the symmetry of a nominally degenerate mode of azimuthal order m by imposing a nonzero 2m Fourier component of the flame gain, b2m, and of the time-delay, ε2m. Various orientations between the gain and the time-delay staging patterns are considered. In addition, stochastic forcing is introduced. First, all experiments are performed without noise, as well as at the maximum noise intensity. We observe that the mode nature that dominates in the presence of intense noise may be far from the one observed in noise-free conditions. To better understand the effect of noise in the presence of asymmetries, we repeat some of the experiments at various noise intensities. Although our results confirm that for the axisymmetric configuration and some asymmetric configurations pure spinning modes are never reached, we also observe some radically different behaviors. For a noise-free experiment leading to a purely standing mode, the introduction of a sufficient amount of noise can lead to beating. We also observe that, for a mode that is nearly standing in the absence of noise, an increase in the noise intensity leads to the predominance of mixed modes with a clearly favored spinning direction. We explain our experimental results with the aid of low-order models.
High-Speed Inspection of Rails by Passive Ultrasonic Monitoring
Authors: Datta Diptojit , di Scalea Francesco Lanza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a high-speed noncontact rail inspection technique that has the potential of detecting internal rail defects at regular (revenue) train speeds. The technique utilizes an array of capacitive air-coupled ultrasonic transducers in continuous recording mode to extract a reconstructed transfer function for a rail segment in a passive manner. The passive approach utilizes the ambient excitation of the rail induced by the wheels of the test car and eliminates the need for a controlled source. A normalized cross-correlation operator with modified Welch's periodogram technique is used to extract the transfer function in a manner that is independent of the uncontrolled excitation source (rolling wheels). Discontinuities in the rail (e.g., joints, welds, and defects) alter the reconstructed transfer function which is statistically tracked using an outlier analysis for detection robustness and sensitivity. Field tests were carried out with a prototype at the Transportation Technology Center Inc. (TTCI) in Pueblo, CO at testing speeds of up to 80 mph. The performance of the system in detecting rail discontinuities was assessed via receiver operating characteristic curves for a range of varying operational parameters such as excitation strength, baseline distribution length, testing speed, and multiple runs.
Real-Time Nondestructive Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Using a Laser Vibrometer and Shock Tube
Authors: Liu Han , Laflamme Simon , Morgan Carter , Nelson Matthew , Bentil Sarah A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) parts retain a certain degree of individuality and could suffer from a combination of different defect types, and therefore the nondestructive evaluation on AM parts remains a challenging task. Engineering non-contact and nondestructive real-time inspection and in situ quality assurance of AM parts would be a net improvement compared to current quality control methods that are conducted post-production. Here, the authors propose to combine the use of a laser vibrometer with a compression-driven shock tube to assess the quality of AM parts through the evaluation of the vibration spectra of the part. An AM of a cylindrical part was selected for the study, along with different defect types and sizes. These defects include internal voids of different sizes at different locations, local changes in thickness (infill), and local changes in melting temperatures. A numerical model was created and validated using experimental data to conduct model-assisted probability of detection (MAPOD). Results were analyzed by evaluating correlation matrices between different models. Results showed that vibration spectra induced by a shock wave were sensitive to different types and sizes of defects under the studied geometry. The defect index yielded an approximately linear relationship with respect to defect void severity. MAPOD curve studies revealed a minimum detectable void defect of 0.039% of the AM part’s volume.
Highly Time Resolved, Combined Temperature, and Heat Flux Measurement Technique Based on ALTP Sensors
Authors: Huber Konstantin , Rödiger Tim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study demonstrates a new methodology for the simultaneous direct measurement of temperature and heat flux within the same sensing element of heat flux sensors. The methodology is demonstrated for fast-response atomic layer thermopile (ALTP) sensors and makes use of a temperature–resistance correlation. The new methodology enables an inherent comparison and validation of the heat flux density signal of ALTPs. Good agreement is found based on experiments in the stagnation point of a subsonic hot air jet. The results of the mainly convective heat flux densities are compared against a standard coaxial thermocouple, indicating good agreement of mean values and signal characteristics. The simultaneous direct measurement of the temperature and heat flux allows the time-resolved calculation of local heat transfer coefficients and Nusselt numbers. The spectral analysis of the Nusselt number exhibits an excellent signal-to-noise ratio.
Development of resistance to a mixture of spiromesifen and abamectin and cross resistance in Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Alsay Safiye , Ay Recep 
Published: August 2022

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, a polyphagous pest, can feed on many plants. Farmers generally prefer chemical control to mitigate T. urticae, the arthropod species in which pesticide resistance is most common. In this study, resistance development to spiromesifen + abamectin mixture formulation, mixture formulation with active ingredients spiromesifen and abamectin, and cross resistance rates to spirodiclofen, milbemectin and spirodiclofen + abamectin were determined in the T. urticae strain selected for resistance to the spiromesifen + abamectin mixture. Spiromesifen+abamectin with LC50 and LC90 values for the susceptible T. urticae (GSS) strain were 0.53 mg a.i./l and 2.66 mg a.i./l distilled water, respectively. In the strain selected and named IR, the LC50 value increased to 640.50 mg a.i./l distilled water and the resistance ratio increased 1199-fold. The IR strain developed 1759 fold resistance to abamectin and 25 8874-fold resistance to spiromesifen, which is one of the active ingredients of the mixture. In cross-resistance studies, LC50 resistance ratios for spirodiclofen, milbemectin and spirodiclofen + abamectin were increased by 224-, 40-, and 1069-fold, respectively. The use of pesticide mixtures used to delay or prevent the development of resistance of pest species should be reconsidered.