bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain‐associated innate leukocytes display diverse inflammatory states following experimental stroke
Authors: Wanrooy Brooke J , Wen Shu Wen , Shim Raymond , Wilson Jenny L , Prame Kumar Kathryn , Wong Connie HY 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrevious studies investigating innate leukocyte recruitment into the brain after cerebral ischemia have shown conflicting results. Using distinct cell surface and intracellular markers, the current study evaluated the contributions of innate immune cells to the poststroke brain following 1‐h middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) or permanent MCAO (pMCAO), and assessed whether these cells ascribed to an inflammatory state. Moreover, we examined whether there is evidence for leukocyte infiltration into the contralateral (CL) hemisphere despite the absence of stroke infarct. We observed the recruitment of peripheral neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages into the hemisphere ipsilateral (IL) to the ischemic brain infarct at 24 and 96 h following both tMCAO and pMCAO. In addition, we found evidence of increased leukocyte recruitment to the CL hemisphere but to a lesser extent than the IL hemisphere after stroke. Robust production of intracellular cytokines in the innate immune cell types examined was most evident at 24 h after pMCAO. Specifically, brain‐associated neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages demonstrated stroke‐induced production of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐1β, while only monocytes and macrophages exhibit a significant expression of arginase 1 (Arg1) after stroke. At 96 h after stroke, brain‐resident microglia demonstrated production of TNF‐α and IL‐1β following both tMCAO and pMCAO. At this later timepoint, neutrophils displayed TNF‐α production and brain‐associated macrophages exhibited elevation of IL‐1β and Arg1 after tMCAO. Further, pMCAO induced significant expression of Arg1 and IL‐1β in monocytes and macrophages at 96 h, respectively. These results revealed that brain‐associated innate immune cells display various stroke‐induced inflammatory states that are dependent on the experimental stroke setting.
Effects of nitrogen and water stress on the rehydration, endogenous hormonal regulation and yield of maize
Authors: Chi Yu Xin , Ahmad Shakeel , Yang Ke Jun , Fu Jian , Yang Li , Zhou Xun Bo , Zhu Hong De 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWater scarcity is known to be a strong limiting factor affecting maize grown and yield in cold semi‐arid regions. Numerous studies have shown that rehydration improves maize growth. Our study aimed to explore the effects of rehydration treatments on maize growth and yield under water and nitrogen stress during different growth stages. We selected the drought‐tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19) and subjected it to water stress during the V6 (sixth‐leaf), R2 (filling) and R6 (maturity) growth stages and a rehydration treatment after each stress stage. Our results indicated that N1 (N100 kg N ha−1) and N3 (N300 kg N ha−1) treatments significantly increased the leaf moisture status relative to water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC) and water potential (WP)) at different growth stages. Similar trends were observed in the accumulation of plant leaf and root hormones (zeatin+zeatin riboside, indole‐3‐acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid), photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence. However, under the same water stress conditions, they decreased as the N rate increased and reached a minimum value in the S3 (water stress for N3) treatments. In addition, with growth stage advancement and extension of the rehydration time, both showed a gradual upward trend. The results showed that to save water resources in the cold semi‐arid region, rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3) significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf moisture status, biomass, 100‐grain weight, hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yield of maize.
Structure and crystallization behavior of complex mold flux glasses in the system CaO‐Na2O‐Li2O‐CaF2‐B2O3‐SiO2: A multi‐nuclear NMR spectroscopic study
Authors: Yeo Tae‐min , Cho Jung‐Wook , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Sen Sabyasachi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe structure of mold flux glasses in the system CaO‐(Na,Li)2O‐SiO2‐CaF2 with unusually high modifier contents, stabilized by the addition of ∼4 mol% B2O3, is studied using 7Li, 23Na, 19F, 11B, and 29Si magic‐angle‐spinning (MAS), and 7Li{19F} and 23Na{19F} rotational echo double‐resonance (REDOR) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. When taken together, the spectroscopic results indicate that the structure of these glasses consists primarily of dimeric [Si2O7]−6 units that are linked to the (Ca,Na,Li)‐O coordination polyhedra, and are interspersed with chains of corner‐shared BO3 units. The F atoms in the structure are exclusively bonded to Ca atoms, forming Ca(O,F)n coordination polyhedra. This structural scenario is shown to be consistent with the crystallization of cuspidine (3CaO·2SiO2·CaF2) from the parent melts on slow supercooling. The progressive addition of Li to a Na‐containing base composition results in a corresponding increase in the undercooling required for the nucleation of cuspidine in the melt, which is attributed to the frustrated local structure caused by the mixing of alkali ions.
Improving access to imaging availability in otology clinic
Authors: McLeod Megan , Cass Nathan , Bennett Marc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRationaleRadiologic imaging is an essential component in the workup of many patients with neuro‐otologic conditions. However, patients often present for consultation with a neurotologist without the imaging that they have already undergone as part of their workup by a referring clinician. This disconnect causes frustration for clinicians and possible delays in care for patients. Anecdotally, clinicians felt that patients who had contact with clinic coordinators before their appointment were more likely to have their prior imaging available for review at the time of their initial consultation.Aims and ObjectivesWe aimed to increase the rate at which new patients brought their prior imaging to their initial consultation to at least 80% by improving previsit communication with patients and referring providers.MethodsKey stakeholders identified pain points in the flow of information from patients' outside facility workups. We then used the Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act quality improvement framework to develop, implement and iterate on two interventions intended to improve communication with patients, referring clinics and outside imaging centres. Chart review was used to assess the proportion of patients with imaging available for review at the time of initial consultation and a short satisfaction survey was sent to attending neurotologists in the pre and postintervention periods.ResultsBefore any interventions, 56.5% of typical new patients who reported having prior imaging had that imaging available for review at the time of their initial consultation. Following our interventions, this percentage increased to 73.5% and then 80.9% of new patients, respectively. Additionally, physicians reported improved satisfaction in several areas and spent less time reviewing imaging outside of clinic visits after our interventions.ConclusionsImproved communication and tracking of image receipt in clinics receiving many referrals saves physicians' time, reduces frustration and cuts down on the overall administrative burden following patients' appointments.
Carp edema virus infection associated gill pathobiome: A case report
Authors: Palíková Miroslava , Pojezdal Ľubomír , Dávidová‐Geržová Lenka , Nováková Věra , Pikula Jiří , Papežíková Ivana , Minářová Hana , Mikulíková Ivana , Dyková Iva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding disease aetiology and pathologic mechanisms is essential for fish health evaluation. Carp edema virus (CEV) is the causative agent of a disease (CEVD) responsible for high mortality rates in both wild and cultured common carp Cyprinus carpio. Inspection of two carp specimens from a pond with high fish mortality revealed CEV infection in both the host and its ectoparasite (Argulus foliaceus). In addition to flavobacteria, well known to be associated with gill lesions, we found that free‐living eukaryotes (amoebae and ciliates) and a temporary parasite (Ichthyobodo spp.) colonizing the gills may also contribute to alterations in gill structure and/or function, either directly, through firm (Ichthyobodo) or weak (amoebae) attachment of trophozoites to the gill epithelium, or indirectly, through carriage of pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial assemblages rich in families and genera, with predominance of Cetobacterium spp. in low‐intensity alteration of the gill tissue and of Flavobacterium spp. in gills with extensive necrotic lesions, were detected in gills and within the cytoplasm of associated amoebae using high‐throughput sequencing. Quantitative PCR indicated F. swingsii as the prevailing flavobacterial species within amoebae from less affected gills and F. psychrophilum within amoebae from extensively affected gills. This case study suggests that eukaryotic organisms as part of the gill pathobiome may also contribute to irreversible gill lesions seen in CEVD. Emphasizing the complexity of mutual relationships between bacterial assemblages and eukaryotic co‐pathogens, further studies regarding factors that trigger pathology and influence severity in the CEV‐positive carp are needed.
Rest‐activity rhythms and cognitive impairment and dementia in older women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Xiao Qian , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Rapp Stephen R. , Stone Katie L. , Yaffe Kristin , Sampson Joshua N. , Chen Jiu‐Chiuan , Hayden Kathleen M. , Henderson Victor W. , LaCroix Andrea Z. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionGrowing evidence suggests that impairment in rest‐activity rhythms may be a risk factor for cognitive decline and impairment in the aging population. However, previous studies included only a limited set of rest‐activity metrics and produced mixed findings. We studied a comprehensive set of parametric and nonparametric characteristics of rest‐activity rhythms in relation to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dementia in a cohort of older women.MethodsThe prospective analysis included 763 women enrolled in two ancillary studies of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI): the WHI Memory Study‐Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes and Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health studies. The association between accelerometry‐based rest‐activity parameters and centrally adjudicated MCI and probable dementia were determined using Cox regression models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities.ResultsOverall, the results support a prospective association between weakened rest‐activity rhythms (e.g., reduced amplitude and overall rhythmicity) and adverse cognitive outcomes. Specifically, reduced overall rhythmicity (pseudo F statistic), lower amplitude and activity level (amplitude/relative amplitude, mesor, and activity level during active periods of the day [M10]), and later activity timing (acrophase and midpoint of M10) were associated with a higher risk for MCI and probable dementia. Women with lower amplitude and mesor also exhibited faster cognitive decline over follow‐up.ConclusionWeakened rest‐activity rhythms may be predictive markers for cognitive decline, MCI, and dementia among older women.
Pigmentation control in pregnancy‐induced melasma: Clinical assessment of a non‐hydroquinone, non‐retinol pigment‐correcting serum
Authors: Makino Elizabeth T. , Jiang Lily I. , Stephens Thomas J. , Mikati Mouna , Mehta Rahul C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is an acquired disorder that results in irregular brown patches on the skin that can occur due to hormonal changes. Although pregnancy‐induced melasma is usually temporary, it can become a chronic condition, with significant negative impact on quality of life (QoL).AimsDetermine the efficacy and tolerability of a topical, non‐hydroquinone, non‐retinol pigment‐correcting serum (LYT2) for the treatment of pregnancy‐induced melasma.MethodsThis 12‐week, single‐center clinical trial enrolled 34 non‐pregnant women who developed mild to severe facial melasma following a previous pregnancy (mean age, 42 years). LYT2 was applied twice daily to facial skin for 12 weeks in addition to a basic skincare regimen. Outcomes included changes from baseline in skin physiology parameters, such as brightness (L*), using objective digital image analysis, investigator‐rated Overall Hyperpigmentation scale, Global Improvement, and Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI), as well as subject‐assessed Melasma Quality of Life Scale. Subjects also completed a questionnaire on self‐perceived efficacy and attributes of the study product. Tolerability was assessed by the investigators (erythema, scaling, and edema) and subjects (burning/stinging and itching). Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline and Weeks 4, 8, and 12.ResultsLYT2 provided statistically significant reductions in overall hyperpigmentation scores as early as Week 4 (−5.8% change from baseline) and continued through Week 12 (−14.6% change from baseline; all p < 0.001). Significant improvements in MASI scores and QoL were also achieved following LYT2 treatment, which was well tolerated.ConclusionsLYT2 represents a new efficacious alternative to hydroquinone‐based treatments for pregnancy‐induced melasma.
Culturally adapting a parent psychoeducational intervention for Chinese immigrant families of young children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Xu Yue , Chen Feifei , Mirza Mansha , Magaña Sandy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAsian children with autism are underdiagnosed and underserved compared to White children in the United States. There is a critical need for culturally appropriate interventions addressing these health disparities. The current study aims to present the cultural adaptation process of an empirically supported parent education intervention, “Parents Taking Action” (PTA), for low‐income Chinese immigrant families of young children with autism. Six Chinese immigrant parents of children with autism and six providers serving this population were recruited to participate in two separate focus groups in a US Midwestern city. Focus group data were transcribed and then analyzed using deductive qualitative analysis. Two bilingual researchers coded the data independently using a predeveloped coding list. Parents provided insights on the intervention structure and contextual elements such as cultural stigma against autism while providers put more emphasis on content modification. Parents underscored the benefits of delivering the intervention in group format as opposed to one‐on‐one family visits. This preference for group delivery was based on contextual issues such as feeling isolated from extended family and community members who do not have much knowledge of autism. Parents and providers agreed that it is important to deliver the intervention in community settings instead of clinics to enhance accessibility. As we tested out the predeveloped coding list, we synthesized a process of integrating community input into modifications of the original intervention. To our knowledge, this is the first culturally adapted intervention targeting Chinese immigrant families of young children with autism. The lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions for Chinese immigrant families of children with autism is alarming given the fast growth of this population. The process of culturally adapting “PTA” for Chinese immigrant families of children with autism provides a roadmap on how to translate community input into steps of adaptations.
Hyperhidrosis in sleep disorders – A narrative review of mechanisms and clinical significance
Authors: Idiaquez Juan , Casar Juan Carlos , Arnardottir Erna S. , August Elias , Santin Julia , Iturriaga Rodrigo 
Published: June 2022

SummaryHyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating beyond thermoregulatory needs that affects patients' quality of life. It results from an excessive stimulation of eccrine sweat glands in the skin by the sympathetic nervous system. Hyperhidrosis may be primary or secondary to an underlying cause. Nocturnal hyperhidrosis is associated with different sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement during sleep and narcolepsy. The major cause of the hyperhidrosis is sympathetic overactivity and, in the case of narcolepsy type 1, orexin deficiency may also contribute. In this narrative review, we will provide an outline of the possible mechanisms underlying sudomotor dysfunction and the resulting nocturnal hyperhidrosis in these different sleep disorders and explore its clinical relevance.
Instrumental texture assessment of IDDSI texture levels for dysphagia management. Part 2: Texture modified foods
Authors: Hadde Enrico Karsten , Prakash Sangeeta , Chen Wei , Chen Jianshe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTexture‐modified foods and thickened fluids play a major role in clinical treatment for individuals who suffer from swallowing difficulties (known as dysphagia). International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) developed a standardized terminology and description for texture‐modified foods and thickened fluids to allow dysphagia patients to receive the correct consistency of food/drink. While the IDDSI framework provides a consistent texture description (Levels 0–7) and is widely accepted as an international standard, testing and assessment of IDDSI texture level are qualitative in nature and subjective in manner. These methods were proposed primarily for use by frontline carers, but are not most ideal for industrial purposes of quality control of such products. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to develop a quantitative instrumental method that best describes IDDSI levels as an objective framework. A set of test samples, including commercially available instant mashed potato, baby rice cereal, and cooked potato cubes of varying texture, were prepared. Two IDDSI measuring techniques, fork pressure test and spoon tilt test, were used to evaluate texture grades of these samples. Puncture and compression tests based on texture analyzer were used to assess cohesiveness, adhesiveness, firmness, and hardness for each food category (Levels 4–7). Thresholds of cohesiveness and adhesiveness, as well as bands of acceptable firmness and hardness for each food category were clearly identified and are proposed as objective complements to the IDDSI framework.
Virulence plasmids in clinical isolates of Rhodococcus equi from sick foals in the Netherlands
Authors: Takai S. , Ohashi M. , Suzuki Y. , Sasaki Y. , Kakuda T. , Broens E.M. , Wagenaar J.A. , van Duijkeren E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Clinical samples from 123 foals with suspected rhodococcosis submitted to the Veterinary Microbiological Diagnostic Centre of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine between 1993 and 2006 were tested for the presence of the virulence gene vapA. Of the 123 samples, 120 were vapA-positive and 3 vapA-negative Rhodococcus equi were isolated. The 120 vapA-positive R. equi were isolated from 70 tracheal wash, 19 lung tissues, 7 lymph nodes, 6 synovial fluids, 13 abscesses or pus and single isolates from the uterus, gut, cerebrospinal fluid, abdomen fluid and faeces. Of the 120 isolates, 46 were from Dutch warmblood horses, 23 from Friesian horses, 14 from Trotters, 4 from Holsteiners, 3 from Arab breed, 2 from ponies, 1 from a Welsh pony and 27 from undefined breed horses. Using plasmid profile analysis of the 120 isolates, 117 isolates contained the 85-kb type I plasmid, 2 contained the 87-kb type I plasmid and 1 contained the novel 52-kb non-mobilizable virulence plasmid reported recently. These results showed that the virulent R. equi strains harbouring a virulence plasmid of 85-kb type I or 87-kb type I, which have been detected in clinical isolates from five European countries, are widespread in the Netherlands. This is the first report of plasmid types of clinical R. equi isolates in the Netherlands.
Asymmetric character displacement in mixed oak stands
Authors: Du Fang K. , Qi Min , Zhang Yuan‐Ye , Petit Rémy J. 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Ecological character displacement (ECD) refers to a pattern of increased divergence at sites where species ranges overlap caused by competition for resources. Although ECD is believed to be common, there are few in‐depth studies that clearly establish its existence, especially in plants.

Thus, we have compared leaf traits in allopatric and sympatric populations of two East Asian deciduous oaks: Quercus dentata and Quercus aliena. In contrast to previous studies, we define sympatry and allopatry at a local scale, thereby comparing populations that can or cannot directly interact.

Using genetic markers, we found greater genetic divergence between the two oak species growing in mixed stands and inferred that long‐term gene flow has predominantly occurred asymmetrically from the cold‐tolerant species (Q. dentata) to the warm‐demanding later colonizing species (Q. aliena). Analysis of leaf traits revealed greater divergence in mixed than in pure oak stands. This was mostly due to the later colonizing species being characterized by more resource‐conservative traits in the presence of the other species. Controlling for relevant environmental differences did not alter these conclusions.

These results suggest that asymmetric trait divergence can take place where species coexist, possibly due to the imbalance in demographic history of species resulting in asymmetric inter‐specific selection pressures.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice in oral cancer: A national survey on 150 dental hygienists
Authors: Leuci Stefania , Coppola Noemi , Viglione Anna Paola , Blasi Andrea , Ramaglia Luca , Cantile Tiziana , Mignogna Michele Davide 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore knowledge, practice, and attitude on oral cancer (OC) among a cohort of Italian dental hygienists, in consideration of their role in the field of early diagnosis.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 150 Italian dental hygienists was performed to assess the participant's knowledge, practice, and attitude on OC. Data were collected using a structured self‐administered questionnaire (through Google Forms). The questionnaire included four sections: sociodemographic information, disease knowledge, answers related to attitudes toward OC, and a questionnaire assessing the practice of dental hygienists on oral screening.ResultsResponses were received from 137 participants (83 women and 54 men). Overall, there is a good knowledge of the real risk factors among the participants (98.5%, 98.5%, and 94.2% regard smoking, alcohol, and HPV, respectively). The analysis related to the knowledge of non‐risk factors, oral potentially malignant disorders, and clinical features of OC showed more heterogeneous results. Only 60% considered university education to be adequate. The totality of dental hygienists considered continuing education necessary, but despite this, only half took updating courses. Finally, 90% performed intraoral screening visits, and 95% and 69% investigated smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively.ConclusionsOur data showed the need to implement OC training courses by re‐evaluating pre‐ and post‐graduate training programs.