bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beta diversity, prevalence, and specificity of avian haemosporidian parasites throughout the annual cycle of Chilean Elaenia (Elaenia chilensis), a Neotropical austral migrant
Authors: Fecchio Alan , Dias Raphael I. , De La Torre Gabriel M. , Bell Jeffrey A. , Sagario M. Cecilia , Gorosito Cristian A. , dos Anjos Carolina C. , Lugarini Camile , Piacentini Vítor Q. , Pinho João B. , Kirchgatter Karin , Ricklefs Robert E. , Schunck Fabio , Cueto Victor R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMigratory birds are implicated in dispersing haemosporidian parasites over great geographic distances. However, their role in sharing these vector-transmitted blood parasites with resident avian host species along their migration flyway is not well understood. We studied avian haemosporidian parasites in 10 localities where Chilean Elaenia, a long-distance Neotropical austral migrant species, spends part of its annual cycle to determine local parasite transmission among resident sympatric host species in the elaenia's distributional range across South America. We sampled 371 Chilean Elaenias and 1,818 birds representing 243 additional sympatric species from Brazilian wintering grounds to Argentinian breeding grounds. The 23 haemosporidian lineages found in Chilean Elaenias exhibited considerable variation in distribution, specialization, and turnover across the 10 avian communities in South America. Parasite lineage dissimilarity increased with geographic distance, and infection probability byParahaemoproteusdecreased in localities harbouring a more diverse haemosporidian fauna. Furthermore, blood smears from migrating Chilean Elaenias and local resident avian host species did not contain infective stages ofLeucocytozoon, suggesting that transmission did not take place in the Brazilian stopover site. Our analyses confirm that this Neotropical austral migrant connects avian host communities and transports haemosporidian parasites along its distributional range in South America. However, the lack of transmissive stages at stopover site and the infrequent parasite lineage sharing between migratory host populations and residents at breeding and wintering grounds suggest that Chilean Elaenias do not play a significant role in dispersing haemosporidian parasites, nor do they influence local transmission across South America.
In vitro system for the growth and asexual multiplication of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci
Authors: García Lucía Celia Abril , Pérez Matías Gastón , Ancarola María Eugenia , Rosenzvit Mara Cecilia , Cucher Marcela Alejandra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTaenia solium is the aetiological agent of cysticercosis, a zoonosis that causes severe health and economic losses across Latin America, Africa and Asia. The most serious manifestation of the disease is neurocysticercosis, which occurs when the larval stage (cysticercus) establishes in the central nervous system. Using Taenia crassiceps as an experimental model organism for the study of cysticercosis, we aimed to identify the in vitro conditions necessary to allow parasite development at the short- and long terms. First, cysticerci were incubated for 15 days in different media and parasite densities. The number of buddings and cysticerci diameter were measured to evaluate asexual multiplication and parasite growth, respectively. Vitality was determined by trypan blue staining and morphology analysis. As a result, high cysticerci density and medium containing FBS and the excretion/secretion (E/S) products of feeder cells induced parasite survival, growth and multiplication. Then, the long-term (5 weeks) incubation of the parasites in co-culture with feeder cells was evaluated. Consequently, the mammalian cell lines induced a significant increase in total parasite volume while axenic cultures did not show any statistically significant change over time. In this study, the proper conditions to maintain T. crassiceps in vitro are described for the first time in a simpler and more controlled setting other than experimental infections. In addition, it was shown that cysticerci growth, survival and asexual multiplication depend on a complex network of secreted factors from both parasite and host.
Hadrian's Wall and its Continental Hinterland
Authors: Reddé Michel , Mees Allard 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper assesses the effects which the building of Hadrian's Wall had on the patterns of supply and communication from the continent. Existing systems were strengthened rather than altered, and Hadrian's reign saw the full development of ports and military installations on the North Sea and Channel coasts. Navigation to Britain and sailing conditions on various routes are discussed, comparing their importance in the transport of wine, oil, exotic plants and samian ware and the movement of military personnel. Use of the Rhône–Rhine axis is emphasised for the movement of goods from Central Gaul and the Mediterranean, but other rivers in western and north-western Gaul were of some importance, as the details of samian distribution demonstrate. Finally, non-state organisation of the acquisition and distribution of commodities supplied to the army on Hadrian's Wall is strongly favoured.
Transmission roles of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases: a modelling study
Authors: Tan Jianbin , Ge Yang , Martinez Leonardo , Sun Jimin , Li Changwei , Westbrook Adrianna , Chen Enfu , Pan Jinren , Li Yang , Cheng Wei , Ling Feng , Chen Zhiping , Shen Ye , Huang Hui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) asymptomatic cases are hard to identify, impeding transmissibility estimation. The value of COVID-19 transmissibility is worth further elucidation for key assumptions in further modelling studies. Through a population-based surveillance network, we collected data on 1342 confirmed cases with a 90-days follow-up for all asymptomatic cases. An age-stratified compartmental model containing contact information was built to estimate the transmissibility of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. The difference in transmissibility of a symptomatic and asymptomatic case depended on age and was most distinct for the middle-age groups. The asymptomatic cases had a 66.7% lower transmissibility rate than symptomatic cases, and 74.1% (95% CI 65.9–80.7) of all asymptomatic cases were missed in detection. The average proportion of asymptomatic cases was 28.2% (95% CI 23.0–34.6). Simulation demonstrated that the burden of asymptomatic transmission increased as the epidemic continued and could potentially dominate total transmission. The transmissibility of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases is high and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases play a significant role in outbreaks.
Towards the 0-statement of the Kohayakawa-Kreuter conjecture
Authors: Hyde Joseph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study asymmetric Ramsey properties of the random graph
$G_{n,p}$
. Let
$r \in \mathbb{N}$
and
$H_1, \ldots, H_r$
be graphs. We write
$G_{n,p} \to (H_1, \ldots, H_r)$
to denote the property that whenever we colour the edges of
$G_{n,p}$
with colours from the set
$[r] \,{:\!=}\, \{1, \ldots, r\}$
there exists
$i \in [r]$
and a copy of
$H_i$
in
$G_{n,p}$
monochromatic in colour
$i$
. There has been much interest in determining the asymptotic threshold function for this property. In several papers, Rödl and Ruciński determined a threshold function for the general symmetric case; that is, when
$H_1 = \cdots = H_r$
. A conjecture of Kohayakawa and Kreuter from 1997, if true, would fully resolve the asymmetric problem. Recently, the
$1$
-statement of this conjecture was confirmed by Mousset, Nenadov and Samotij.Building on work of Marciniszyn, Skokan, Spöhel and Steger from 2009, we reduce the
$0$
-statement of Kohayakawa and Kreuter’s conjecture to a certain deterministic subproblem. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, we show this subproblem can be resolved for almost all pairs of regular graphs. This therefore resolves the
$0$
-statement for all such pairs of graphs.
Paediatrician’s guide to post-operative care for biventricular CHD: a review
Authors: Arthur Lindsay , Renno Markus S. , Altman Carolyn A. , Batlivala Sarosh P. , Glickstein Julie , Johnson Jonathan N. , Miller Jacob R. , Nguyen Quang-Tuyen , Selamet Tierney Elif Seda , Ronai Christina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImportance:Paediatricians play an integral role in the lifelong care of children with CHD, many of whom will undergo cardiac surgery. There is a paucity of literature for the paediatrician regarding the post-operative care of such patients.Observations:The aim of this manuscript is to summarise essential principles and pertinent lesion-specific context for the care of patients who have undergone surgery or intervention resulting in a biventricular circulation.Conclusions and relevance:Familiarity with common issues following cardiac surgery or intervention, as well as key details regarding specific lesions and surgeries, will aid the paediatrician in providing optimal care for these patients.
Effect of the Non‐Dipole Field on the Seasonal Variation of the Geomagnetic Sq(Y)
Authors: Tian Lin , Du Aimin , Huang Sheng , Luo Hao , Xu Wenyao , Ge Yasong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe annual mean (Sq0), annual (Sq1), and semiannual (Sq2) components of the monthly averaged daily amplitude of the geomagnetic Y component during quiet period over several solar cycles at 25 mid‐low latitudes observatories were separated by means of Fourier analysis. No obvious distinction is found for the morphology of the spatial distribution of these Sq(Y) components during solar quiet and active periods, except that they are more intense in high solar activity. We found that the longitudinal variations in the Southern Hemisphere were primarily attributed to the differences in the annual component (Sq1), which is stronger at the Eurasia and Australia anomaly zones than at the South Atlantic Ocean anomaly (SAA) zones. The positive correlation between Sq0 and geomagnetic vertical component Z suggests that the convection electric fields in the dynamo region play a key role in controlling the annual mean (Sq0). On the other hand, the Sq1 exhibits a positive correlation with geomagnetic horizontal component H, implying the interhemispheric field‐aligned currents (IHFACs) may contribute to difference of the annual variation amplitude at the different observatories. Sq2 is most prominent in the SAA region while rather weak at other positive anomaly zones (in total field), which indicates there is a negative correlation between the total field anomaly and the semiannual variations.
Expansion of Firn Aquifers in Southeast Greenland
Authors: Horlings Annika N. , Christianson Knut , Miège Clément 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSurface melt produces more mass loss than any other process on the Greenland Ice Sheet. In some regions of Greenland with high summer surface melt and high winter snow accumulation, the warm porous firn of the percolation zone can retain liquid meltwater through the winter. These regions of water‐saturated firn, which may persist for longer than one year, are known as firn aquifers, commonly referred to as perennial firn aquifers. Here, we use airborne ice‐penetrating radar data from the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) to document the extent of four firn aquifers in the Helheim, Ikertivaq, and Køge Bugt glacier basins with more than six repeat radar flight lines from 1993 to 2018. All four firn aquifers first appear and/or show decadal‐scale inland expansion during this time period. Through an idealized energy‐balance calculation utilizing reanalysis data from the Modèle Atmosphérique Régionale (MAR) regional climate model, we find that these aquifer expansions are driven by decreasing cold content in the firn since the late 1990s and recently increasing high‐melt years, which has reduced the firn's ability for refreezing local meltwater. High‐melt years are projected to increase on the Greenland Ice Sheet and may contribute to the continued inland expansion of firn aquifers, impacting the ice sheet's surface mass balance and hydrological controls on ice dynamics.
Inhibiting ALK-TOPK signaling pathway promotes cell apoptosis of ALK-positive NSCLC
Authors: Xiao Juanjuan , Zhang Lu , Yi Huijun , Zou Ling , Mo Jianmei , Xue Feng , Zheng Jinhua , Huang Yingze , Lu Hui , Wu Hansheng , Xue Peipei , Zhang Xin , He Lifei , Li Zhaoxin , Pang Shigui , Qiao Guibin , Duan Qiuhong , Zhu Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractT-LAK cell-oriented protein kinase (TOPK) is a potential therapeutic target in tumors. However, its role in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been reported. Here, we found that TOPK was highly expressed in ALK-positive NSCLC. Additionally, ALK was identified as another upstream kinase of TOPK by in vitro kinase assay screening. Then, it was proven that ALK phosphorylated TOPK at Y74 in vitro and ex vivo, and the pathways downstream of ALK-TOPK were explored by phosphoproteomic analysis. Subsequently, we demonstrated that inhibiting TOPK enhanced tumor sensitivity to alectinib (an ALK inhibitor). The combination of alectinib and HI-032 (a TOPK inhibitor) suppressed the growth and promoted the apoptosis of ALK-positive NSCLC cells ex vivo and in vivo. Our findings reveal a novel ALK-TOPK signaling pathway in ALK-positive NSCLC. The combination of alectinib and HI-032 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for improving the sensitivity of ALK-positive NSCLC to targeted therapy.
HOXA5 inhibits the proliferation of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells by enhancing MXD1 expression and activating the p53 pathway
Authors: Xiong Fei , Liu Wenzheng , Wang Xin , Wu Guanhua , Wang Qi , Guo Tong , Huang Wenhua , Wang Bing , Chen Yongjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHomeobox A5 (HOXA5) is a transcription factor in mammalian and can regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis as well as tumorigenesis. However, little is known on whether and how HOXA5 can regulate the malignant behaviors of cholangiocarcinoma. The methylation levels of HOXA5 were evaluated by methylation microarray and bisulfite sequencing PCR. HOXA5 expression in tissue samples was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The proliferation of tumor cells was assessed by CCK-8, EdU, and nude mouse tumorigenicity assays. The invasion, apoptosis and cell cycling of tumor cells were evaluated by Wound healing assay and flow cytometry. The interaction between HOXA5 and the MXD1 promoter was examined by CUT & Tag assay, luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Hypermethylation in the HOXA5 promoter down-regulated HOXA5 expression in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECCA) tissues, which was correlated with worse overall survival. HOXA5 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation and tumor growth. HOXA5 overexpression enhanced MXD1 expression by directly binding to the MXD1 promoter in ECCA cells. MXD1 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and tumor growth while MXD1 silencing abrogated the HOXA5-mediated proliferation inhibition. HOXA5 overexpression increased p53 protein expression in an MXD1-dependent manner. HOXA5 and MXD1 acted as tumor suppressors to inhibit the mitosis of ECCA cells by enhancing the p53 signaling. Our findings may uncover molecular mechanisms by which the HOXA5/MXD1 axis regulates the progression of ECCA, suggesting that the HOXA5/MXD1 may be therapeutic targets for ECCA.
Multianalyte liquid biopsy to aid the diagnostic workup of breast cancer
Authors: Setayesh Sonia Maryam , Hart Olivia , Naghdloo Amin , Higa Nikki , Nieva Jorge , Lu Janice , Hwang Shelley , Wilkinson Kathy , Kidd Michael , Anderson Amanda , Velasco Carmen Ruiz , Kolatkar Anand , Matsumoto Nicholas , Nevarez Rafael , Hicks James B. , Mason Jeremy , Shishido Stephanie N. , Kuhn Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) affects 1 in every 8 women in the United States and is currently the most prevalent cancer worldwide. Precise staging at diagnosis and prognosis are essential components for the clinical management of BC patients. In this study, we set out to evaluate the feasibility of the high-definition single cell (HDSCA) liquid biopsy (LBx) platform to stratify late-stage BC, early-stage BC, and normal donors using peripheral blood samples. Utilizing 5 biomarkers, we identified rare circulating events with epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial and hematological origin. We detected a higher level of CTCs in late-stage patients, compared to the early-stage and normal donors. Additionally, we observed more tumor-associated large extracellular vesicles (LEVs) in the early-stage, compared to late-stage and the normal donor groups. Overall, we were able to detect reproducible patterns in the enumeration of rare cells and LEVs of cancer vs. normal donors and early-stage vs. late-stage BC with high accuracy, allowing for robust stratification. Our findings illustrate the feasibility of the LBx assay to provide robust detection of rare circulating events in peripheral blood draws and to stratify late-stage BC, early-stage BC, and normal donor samples.
Generation of a recombinant version of a biologically active cell-permeant human HAND2 transcription factor from E. coli
Authors: Haridhasapavalan Krishna Kumar , Sundaravadivelu Pradeep Kumar , Joshi Neha , Das Nayan Jyoti , Mohapatra Anshuman , Voorkara Udayashree , Kaveeshwar Vishwas , Thummer Rajkumar P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTranscription factor HAND2 has a significant role in vascularization, angiogenesis, and cardiac neural crest development. It is one of the key cardiac factors crucial for the enhanced derivation of functional and mature myocytes from non-myocyte cells. Here, we report the generation of the recombinant human HAND2 fusion protein from the heterologous system. First, we cloned the full-length humanHAND2gene (only protein-coding sequence) after codon optimization along with the fusion tags (for cell penetration, nuclear translocation, and affinity purification) into the expression vector. We then transformed and expressed it inEscherichia colistrain, BL21(DE3). Next, the effect (in terms of expression) of tagging fusion tags with this recombinant protein at two different terminals was also investigated. Using affinity chromatography, we established the one-step homogeneous purification of recombinant human HAND2 fusion protein; and through circular dichroism spectroscopy, we established that this purified protein had retained its secondary structure. We then showed that this purified human protein could transduce the human cells and translocate to its nucleus. The generated recombinant HAND2 fusion protein showed angiogenic potential in the ex vivo chicken embryo model. Following transduction in MEF2C overexpressing cardiomyoblast cells, this purified recombinant protein synergistically activated the α-MHC promoter and induced GFP expression in the α-MHC-eGFP reporter assay. Prospectively, the purified bioactive recombinant HAND2 protein can potentially be a safe and effective molecular tool in the direct cardiac reprogramming process and other biological applications.
Diet moderates the effect of resting state functional connectivity on cognitive function
Authors: Gaynor Alexandra M. , Varangis Eleanna , Song Suhang , Gazes Yunglin , Noofoory Diala , Babukutty Reshma S. , Habeck Christian , Stern Yaakov , Gu Yian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPast research suggests modifiable lifestyle factors impact structural and functional measures of brain health, as well as cognitive performance, but no study to date has tested the effect of diet on resting state functional connectivity (rsFC), and its relationship with cognition. The current study tested whether Mediterranean diet (MeDi) moderates the associations between internetwork rsFC and cognitive function. 201 cognitively intact adults 20–80 years old underwent resting state fMRI to measure rsFC among 10 networks, and completed 12 cognitive tasks assessing perceptual speed, fluid reasoning, episodic memory, and vocabulary. Food frequency questionnaires were used to categorize participants into low, moderate, and high MeDi adherence groups. Multivariable linear regressions were used to test associations between MeDi group, task performance, and internetwork rsFC. MeDi group moderated the relationship between rsFC and fluid reasoning for nine of the 10 functional networks’ connectivity to all others: higher internetwork rsFC predicted lower fluid reasoning performance in the low MeDi adherence group, but not in moderate and high MeDi groups. Results suggest healthy diet may support cognitive ability despite differences in large-scale network connectivity at rest. Further research is warranted to understand how diet impacts neural processes underlying cognitive function over time.
Multilayer acoustic invisibility cloak based on composite lattice
Authors: Zaremanesh Mansour , Bahrami Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA concentric cylindrical cloak is showed here to achieve the acoustic cloaking phenomenon. The introduced structure consists of MNE layers and water in MNE substrate in the MHz frequency range. Due to avoiding the incoming acoustic waves by the shell, the object can be hidden inside the cylindrical area of any shape. In order to improve the quality of cloaking, we have optimized the desired shell by considering the manufacturing technology. We show that an optimized, acoustic cloak based on composite lattice structure can reduce the scattering of an object more than a 20-layer realization of acoustic cloak based on multilayer cylindrical structure. This design approach can substantially simplify the fabrication of cloaking shells. In this research, to study the acoustic distribution of the desired structure, finite element method (FEM) has been used to analyze the structure in two dimensions and a cloak of natural materials with isotropic properties has been designed using effective medium theory.
Development of spatially variant photonic crystals to control light in the near-infrared spectrum
Authors: Volk Andrew , Rai Amit , Agha Imad , Payne Tamara E. , Touma Jimmy E. , Gnawali Rudra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpatially Variant Photonic Crystals (SVPCs) have shown the ability to control the propagation and direction of light in the near-infrared spectrum. Using a novel approach for simplified modeling and fabrication techniques, we designed unique, spatially-varied, unit-cell structures to develop photonic crystals that maintain self-collimation and direction of light for desired beam tuning applications. The finite-difference time-domain technique is used to predict the self-collimation and beam-bending capabilities of our SVPCs. These SVPC designs and the simulation results are verified in laboratory testing. The experimental evidence shows that two-dimensional SVPCs can achieve self-collimation and direct light through sharp bends. The simplicity and quality of these designs show their potential for widespread implementation in modern devices. These SVPCs will serve as a unique solution to optical systems for optical computing, multiplexing, data transfer, and more.