bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eruptive syringomas: Summary of ninety cases and a brief literature review
Authors: Lei Hao , Wang Ziyang , Ma Xinyu , Zhang Zhaohan , Feng Yiguo , Zheng Yan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEruptive syringomas is a rare variant of syringoma, which is a benign adenoma differentiated from the terminal ducts of the eccrine glands. Nowadays, it's widely valued because of obvious skin lesions, large scope of influence, and high misdiagnosis rate.ObjectivesWe aim to explore the clinical features of eruptive syringomas and the current research progress.Materials and MethodsWe firstly summarized the clinical features of 90 cases of eruptive syringomas. Then, the chi‐square test was used to analyze the relationship between the onset site of eruptive syringomas and age, as well as gender. Finally, we briefly reviewed the previous literature.ResultsDuring 12 years, 90 cases of eruptive syringomas were diagnosed in our hospital, including 28 males (31.1%) and 62 females (68.9%). The average diagnosed age was 28.8. Patients from 20 to 40 years old is 63 (70%), which is the most. 60 (66.7%) patients had the course for more than 1 year. Among onset sites, the neck, chest, and abdomen were in the top three. The chi‐square test showed that there were no significant differences in the onset sites of patients aged ≤ 20 and >20 years old (p‐value = 0.181), as well as male and female (p‐value = 0.363).ConclusionWe found that more female than male was affected, and the most common onset sites were the neck, chest, and abdomen. Neither age nor gender was significantly associated with onset site distribution. Our study provides some data support for the research of eruptive syringomas.
Political alienation and voter mobilization in elections
Authors: Grillo Alberto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe paper examines candidates' choice between policies that increase the number of supporters and policies that foster their participation. Voter turnout is decided at the group level, in response to candidates' policies. A convex utility function captures the alienation of citizens who are far from all candidates. In equilibrium, extreme policies are adopted as a mobilization strategy, if citizens are sufficiently polarized and inclined to alienation. Otherwise, a standard result of convergence to the center obtains, in line with the persuasion of the swing voters.
Infective endocarditis in dogs in theUK: 77 cases (2009‐2019)
Authors: Berrezaie M. , Connolly D. , Cruzado J. , Mederska E. , Dukes‐McEwan J. , Humm K. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the causative organisms, clinical features and outcome of canine infective endocarditis in the UK.Materials and MethodsMedical records of three veterinary referral hospitals were searched for dogs with infective endocarditis between December 2009 and December 2019. Signalment, clinical signs, causative organism, valve affected, treatment and survival data were recorded.ResultsSeventy‐seven cases with possible or definite infective endocarditis (according to the modified Duke criteria) were included. The majority were large breed (40/77 – 51.9%). There were 47 of 77 (61%) male dogs and the mean age was 7.3 ±3 years. A causative organism was identified in 26 of 77 (33.8%) cases. The most common organisms wereEscherichia coli(7/27 – 25.9%),Pasteurellaspp. (5/27 – 18.5%),Staphylococcusspp. (4/27 – 14.8%) andCorynebacteriumspp. (4/27 – 14.8%).Bartonellaspp. were not detected in any patients. The mitral valve was most commonly affected (48/77 – 62.3%). Clinical features were non‐specific, with lethargy being the most common clinical sign observed (53/77 – 68.8%). Fifty‐three dogs (68.8%) survived to discharge. The median survival time post discharge was 425 days (2 to 3650 days). The development of congestive heart failure was associated with a poorer outcome. Cardiac troponin concentration, antithrombotic use and the development of thromboembolism or arrhythmias were not significantly associated with outcome.Clinical SignificanceSome dogs with infective endocarditis that survive to discharge can have a long lifespan. The inability to detect an underlying organism is common andBartonellaspp. may be a less prevalent cause of canine infective endocarditis in the UK than in the USA.
Evidence of backcross inviability and mitochondrial DNA paternal leakage in sea turtle hybrids
Authors: Vilaça Sibelle T. , Maroso Francesco , Lara Paulo , de Thoisy Benoit , Chevallier Damien , Arantes Larissa Souza , Santos Fabricio R. , Bertorelle Giorgio , Mazzoni Camila J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHybridization is known to be part of many species' evolutionary history. Sea turtles have a fascinating hybridization system in which species separated by as much as 43 million years are still capable of hybridizing. Indeed, the largest nesting populations in Brazil of loggerheads (Caretta caretta) and hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata) have a high incidence of hybrids between these two species. A third species, olive ridleys (Lepidochelys olivacea), is also known to hybridize although at a smaller scale. Here, we used restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐Seq) markers, mitogenomes, and satellite‐telemetry to investigate the patterns of hybridization and introgression in the Brazilian sea turtle population and their relationship with the migratory behaviours between feeding and nesting aggregations. We also explicitly test if the mixing of two divergent genomes in sea turtle hybrids causes mitochondrial paternal leakage. We developed a new species‐specific PCR‐assay capable of detecting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance from both parental species and performed ultra‐deep sequencing to estimate the abundance of each mtDNA type. Our results show that all adult hybrids are first generation (F1) and most display a loggerhead migratory behaviour. We detected paternal leakage in F1 hybrids and different proportions of mitochondria from maternal and paternal species. Although previous studies showed no significant fitness decrease in hatchlings, our results support genetically‐related hybrid breakdown possibly caused by cytonuclear incompatibility. Further research on hybrids from other populations in addition to Brazil and between different species will show if backcross inviability and mitochondrial paternal leakage is observed across sea turtle species.
Public participation at the International Seabed Authority: An international human rights law analysis
Authors: Morgera Elisa , Lily Hannah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn light of the interlinkages between marine biodiversity and the protection of human rights, this article explores the relevance of international human rights law to the decision‐making processes at the International Seabed Authority (ISA). It illuminates the relevance of the ISA decisions for the protection of everyone's right to a healthy environment, as well as for the human rights of indigenous peoples and other communities that have cultural connections to the seabed, children and environmental human rights defenders. On these bases, the article assesses current practices in relation to public participation at the ISA, revealing that human rights obligations of procedure and substance appear overlooked in that context. The article concludes by outlining the steps the ISA member States should take to enhance public participation in decision‐making on deep‐seabed mining. In addition, it identifies an immediate opportunity for independent international review that could help clarify how human rights can support the ISA in delivering on its complex mandate to regulate deep‐seabed mining activities beyond national jurisdiction and protect the marine environment for the benefit of humankind.
Contribution of obesity to breathlessness in a large nationally representative sample of Australian adults
Authors: Guo Yue Leon , Ampon Maria R. , Poulos Leanne M. , Davis Sharon R. , Toelle Brett G. , Marks Guy B. , Reddel Helen K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveBreathlessness is prevalent and associated with medical consequences. Obesity is related to breathlessness. However, the magnitude of its contribution has not been clearly documented. This investigation aimed to determine the contribution of obesity to breathlessness by estimating the population attributable fraction (PAF) in a representative sample of Australian adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional, nationally representative survey of Australian residents aged ≥18 years was conducted in October 2019. Breathlessness was defined as modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale grade ≥2. BMI was calculated from self‐reported height and weight. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) were estimated using a generalized linear model with Poisson distribution, adjusted for age group and/or participant‐reported diagnosed illnesses. Adjusted PAFs were estimated using aRR and obesity prevalence in Australian adults.ResultsAmong those who completed the National Breathlessness Survey, 9769 participants (51.4% female) were included in the analysis; 28.1% of participants were obese. The prevalence of breathlessness was 9.54%. The aRR of obesity for breathlessness was 2.04, adjusted for age. Adjusting for various co‐morbid conditions, the aRR was slightly attenuated to around 1.85–1.98. The PAF, adjusted only for age, was 24.6% (95% CI 20.1–29.1) and after further adjustment for co‐morbid conditions, the PAF ranged from 21.1% to 23.6%. Obesity accounted for a higher proportion of breathlessness in women than in men.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that obesity accounts for around a quarter of breathlessness symptoms in Australian adults. This has important implications for health policy in light of the global trend in increasing obesity.
Clinical utility of a standardized chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis exposure questionnaire
Authors: Barnes Hayley , Chambers Daniel , Grainge Chris , Corte Tamera J. , Bastiampillai Shalini , Frenkel Simon , Westall Glen , Collard Harold , Glaspole Ian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIdentification of an exposure is integral to the diagnosis, management, and prognostication of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP). Standardized questionnaires may aid in the identification of exposures, however, there currently are no evidence‐based patient‐validated questionnaires available. Key qualifiers (including duration and frequency) which indicate exposure relevance are also poorly defined. This study assessed the use of a standardized CHP exposure questionnaire in the identification of exposures and diagnostic confidence of CHP.MethodsPeople with a multi‐disciplinary meeting (MDM) diagnosis from five Australian interstitial lung disease (ILD) expert centres who provided informed consent were included. Participants completed a previously developed standardized CHP Exposure Questionnaire. Responses were collected with the participant's MDM data, including diagnosis, diagnostic confidence, and clinician‐elicited exposures.ResultsOne hundred thirty participants (IPF = 58, CHP = 24, CTD‐ILD = 17, unclassifiable = 19, other = 12) were included. In 33% of CHP participants, a standardized questionnaire elicited an exposure where the clinician did not. 63% of these had provisional low confidence CHP; and an exposure history would have increased the diagnostic confidence in these cases. Using the standardized questionnaire, 96% of CHP participants reporting any exposure, compared with 75% of non‐HP ILD participants. CHP participants were 3.5 times more likely (p = 0.004) to report their symptoms improved on avoidance, and 2.3 times more likely (p = 0.018) to report daily frequent exposure, compared with non‐HP ILDs.ConclusionA standardized questionnaire which elicits exposure characteristics in addition to presence or absence of relevant exposures can increase the diagnostic confidence of CHP and reduce the proportion of antigen‐indeterminate CHP.
Short and mid‐term characteristics of COVID‐19 disease course in athletes: A high‐volume, single‐center study
Authors: Juhász Vencel , Szabó Liliána , Pavlik Attila , Tállay András , Balla Dorottya , Kiss Orsolya , Babity Máté , Sydó Nóra , Csulak Emese , Benczúr András , Országh Anna , Gregor Zsófia , Becker Dávid , Merkely Béla , Vágó Hajnalka 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAt the pandemic's beginning, significant concern has risen about the prevalence of myocardial involvement after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We assessed the cardiovascular burden of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a large cohort of athletes and identified factors that might affect the disease course. We included 633 athletes in our study on whom we performed extensive cardiology examinations after recovering from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. More than half of the athletes (n = 322) returned for a follow‐up examination median of 107 days after the commencement of their infection.ResultsTroponin T positivity was as low as 1.4% of the athletes, where the subsequently performed examinations did not show definitive, ongoing myocardial injury. Altogether, 31% of the athletes' rapid training rebuild was hindered by persistent or reoccurring symptoms. Female athletes reported a higher prevalence of return to play (RTP) symptoms than their male counterparts (34% vs. 19%, p = 0.005). The development of long COVID symptoms was independently predicted by increasing age and acute symptoms' severity in a multiple regression model (AUC 0.75, CI 0.685–0.801). Athletes presenting with either or both cough and ferritin levels higher than >150 μg/L had a 4.1x (CI 1.78–9.6, p = 0.001) higher odds ratio of developing persistent symptoms.ConclusionWhile SARS‐CoV‐2 rarely affects the myocardium in athletes, about one in three of them experience symptoms beyond the acute phase. Identifying those athletes with a predisposition to developing long‐standing symptoms may aid clinicians and trainers in finding the optimal return‐to‐play timing and training load rebuild pace.
Wellbeing, environmental sustainability and profitability: Including plurality of logics in participatory extension programmes for enhanced farmer resilience
Authors: Knook Jorie , Eastwood Callum , Mitchelmore Karen , Barker Adam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnvironmental sustainability and economic challenges are requiring significant change in the agricultural sector, and this is driving an increased focus on farmer and farm business resilience. Participatory extension programmes (PEPs) are a well‐known approach for supporting farmer change. The objective of this article is to explore how a PEP based on peer‐to‐peer learning can support farmers in increasing resilience. Our study examines the interaction of wellbeing, environmental change and profitability through the applications of an institutional logics evaluation framework. We interviewed 24 participants in a PEP based in Northland, New Zealand. Findings show that PEPs can provide a safe space to discuss wellbeing challenges and link farmers with networks to support them on their wellbeing journey. We found that farmer wellbeing is intrinsically linked to other pressures that farmers face around profitability and sustainability, and therefore PEPs need to balance these three pillars. This article adds to the current literature by expanding an institutional logics evaluation framework and identifying the role of different actors in change mechanisms.
World Englishes for specific purposes: A multi‐perspective view
Authors: Bhatia Vijay K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnglish for Specific Purposes (ESP) discourses largely involve participants from different linguistic backgrounds in terms of their regional, economic, and sociocultural settings. Moreover, due to the globalisation of trade and commerce across international borders, professional practices invariably involve multiperspective interactions and negotiations across a range of participants interacting with speakers of English as a second or foreign language. However, although ESP targets speakers of languages other than English, it has often been driven by native speakers’ use of English in specific academic and professional contexts. Drawing on some of the key insights from critical genre theory, I would like to give more substance to this aspect of ESP and argue for a shift in the paradigm towards world Englishes for Specific Purposes (WESP).
Cryo-Assisted Extrusion 3D Printing of Shape Memory Polymer-Graphene Composites
Authors: Idowu Adeyinka , Thomas Tony , Boesl Benjamin , Agarwal Arvind 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A cryo-system assisted extrusion 3D printing technique has been developed to fabricate Shape Memory Polymer Epoxy (SMPE) thermoset into a near-net shape. With a unique cryogenic sprayer assisted printing system, it is possible to 3D print &amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;pure&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; thermoset polymer, otherwise which was limited to thermoplastic or highly functionalized co-polymeric thermoset systems. The temperature was maintained below 10oC during 3D printing, which enabled dimensionally accurate structures. Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) reinforced SMPE ink was synthesized to be compatible with cryo-assisted extrusion 3D printing of shape memory composites. The addition of a mere 0.1 wt.% GNP exhibited 15% faster shape recovery due to improved thermal conductivity. Also, GNP addition imparted a 30% improvement in the ultimate tensile strength and a 17% increase in 3D printed composites&amp;amp;amp;#39; elastic modulus. Dynamic mechanical testing showed that the addition of 0.1 wt.% GNP in SMPE increased the composite&amp;amp;amp;#39;s storage modulus by 365% and loss tangent by 66% compared to pure 3D printed SMPE, indicating enhanced damping characteristics. This study is the first to demonstrate a non-existent 3D printing technology for &#x93;pure thermoset&#x94; polymers with and without conductive graphene, that has the potential to develop an energy-efficient actuation system, passive thermal sensors, and self-deployable communication system structures.
Physiological Demands and Muscle Activity of “Track-Work” Riding in Apprentice Jockeys
Authors: Legg Kylie A. , Cochrane Darryl J. , Gee Erica K. , Macdermid Paul W. , Rogers Chris W. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To enhance performance in race riding, knowledge of current training workload is required. The objectives of this study were to quantify the physiological demands and profile the muscle activity of jockeys riding track-work. Methods: Ten apprentice jockeys and 48 horses were instrumented with heart-rate monitors, accelerometers, and a surface electromyography BodySuit (recording 8 muscle groups: quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteal, lower back, obliques, abdominal, trapezial, and pectoral) that recorded continuously while riding their normal morning track-work. Data were extracted and time matched into 200-m sections for analysis once the jockey reached steady-state canter (6.9 m·s−1). Results: Jockeys rode a mean (±SD) of 6 (1) horses each morning over 2.5 hours, spending ∼30 minutes at a canter (8.8  [ 0.7] m·s−1), with mean heart rate of 129 (11) beats·min–1 and ratings of perceived exertion representing easy-/moderate-intensity exercise. Mean magnitude of horse (0.17 [0.01] m) and jockey center of mass (0.16 [0.02] m) displacement per stride differed from that of the jockey’s head (0.11 [0.01] m, P < .05). The majority of horse oscillation was damped in the upper body with a 3-fold reduction in the medio/lateral and fore/aft planes (P < .05), to minimize jockey head movement. Lower-body muscles absorbed horse motion, with core and upper-body muscles important for postural stabilization. Conclusions: The physiological demands of riding track-work were low, with no evidence of fatigue. Future research on jockeys in races as comparison would identify the specific requirements of a jockey-specific physical conditioning program.
Influence of Ion–Acoustic Solitons on Distribution Functions of Background Plasma
Authors: Trukhachev F. M. , Vasiliev M. M. , Petrov O. F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Dynamics of an ensemble of ions of background plasma in the presence of ion–acoustic solitons in analyzed within the framework of the MHD model. Ion velocity distribution function perturbed by solitons is found. It is demonstrated that solitons transform the initial equilibrium ion distribution to the form similar to distribution of plasma containing an ion beam. Characteristic features of the perturbed ion distribution function corresponding to solitons of different amplitude are determined. The case of propagation of a cascade of solitons frequently observed in practice is analyzed.
Provision of cervical screening for transmasculine patients: a review of clinical and programmatic guidelines
Authors: Nicholls Emily Jay , McGowan Catherine R , Miles Sam , Baxter Louisa , Dix Laura , Rowlands Sebastian , McCartney Daniel , Marston Cicely 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundMost cervical cancer can be prevented through routine screening. Disparities in uptake of routine screening therefore translate into disparities in cervical cancer incidence and outcomes. Transmasculine people including transgender men experience multiple barriers to cervical screening and their uptake of screening is low compared with cisgender women. Comprehensive evidence-based guidelines are needed to improve cervical screening for this group.MethodsWe searched for and synthesised clinical and programmatic guidelines for the provision of cervical screening for transmasculine patients.FindingsThe guidelines offer recommendations addressing: (1) reception, check-in and clinic facilities; (2) patient data and invitation to screening; (3) improving inclusion in screening programmes; and (4) sexual history taking, language and identity. Guidelines offer strategies for alleviating physical and psychological discomfort during cervical screening and recommendations on what to do if the screening procedure cannot be completed. Most of the guidelines were from and for high-income countries.DiscussionThe evidence base is limited, but existing guidelines provide recommendations to ensure life-saving screening services are available to all who need them. We were only able to identify one set of guidelines for a middle-income country, and none for low-income countries. We encourage the involvement of transmasculine people in the development of future guidelines.