bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Attentional Bias to Methamphetamine Cues and Its Association With EEG-Derived Functional Brain Network Topology
Authors: Khajehpour Hassan , Parvaz Muhammad A , Kouti Mayadeh , Hosseini Rafsanjani Taherehalsadat , Ekhtiari Hamed , Bakht Sepideh , Noroozi Alireza , Makkiabadi Bahador , Mahmoodi Maryam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown to potentially mitigate drug craving and attentional bias to drug-related stimuli, individual differences in such modulatory effects of tDCS are less understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate a source of the inter-subject variability in the tDCS effects that can be useful for tDCS-based treatments of individuals with methamphetamine (MA) use disorder (IMUD).MethodsForty-two IMUD (all male) were randomly assigned to receive a single-session of either sham or real bilateral tDCS (anodal right/cathodal left) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The tDCS effect on MA craving and biased attention to drug stimuli were investigated by quantifying EEG-derived P3 (a measure of initial attentional bias) and late positive potential (LPP; a measure of sustained motivated attention) elicited by these stimuli. To assess the association of changes in P3 and LPP with brain connectivity network (BCN) topology, the correlation between topology metrics, specifically those related to the efficiency of information processing, and the tDCS effect was investigated.ResultsThe P3 amplitude significantly decreased following the tDCS session, whereas the amplitudes increased in the sham group. The changes in P3 amplitudes were significantly correlated with communication efficiency measured by BCN topology metrics (r = −0.47, P = .03; r = −0.49, P = .02). There was no significant change in LPP amplitude due to the tDCS application.ConclusionsThese findings validate that tDCS mitigates initial attentional bias, but not the sustained motivated attention, to MA stimuli. Importantly, however, results also show that the individual differences in the effects of tDCS may be underpinned by communication efficiency of the BCN topology, and therefore, these BCN topology metrics may have the potential to robustly predict the effectiveness of tDCS-based interventions on MA craving and attentional bias to MA stimuli among IMUD.
A Cohort Study on the Duration of Plasmodium falciparum Infections During the Dry Season in The Gambia
Authors: Collins Katharine A , Ceesay Sukai , Drammeh Sainabou , Jaiteh Fatou K , Guery Marc Antoine , Lanke Kjerstin , Grignard Lynn , Stone Will , Conway David J , D’Alessandro Umberto , Bousema Teun , Claessens Antoine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
In areas where Plasmodium falciparum malaria is seasonal, a dry season reservoir of blood-stage infection is essential for initiating transmission during the following wet season.

Methods
In The Gambia, a cohort of 42 individuals with quantitative polymerase chain reaction-positive P falciparum infections at the end of the transmission season (December) were followed monthly until the end of the dry season (May) to evaluate infection persistence. The influence of human host and parasitological factors was investigated.

Results
A large proportion of individuals infected at the end of the wet season had detectable infections until the end of the dry season (40.0%; 16 of 40). At the start of the dry season, the majority of these persistent infections (82%) had parasite densities &gt;10 p/µL compared to only 5.9% of short-lived infections. Persistent infections (59%) were also more likely to be multiclonal than short-lived infections (5.9%) and were associated with individuals having higher levels of P falciparum-specific antibodies (P = .02).

Conclusions
Asymptomatic persistent infections were multiclonal with higher parasite densities at the beginning of the dry season. Screening and treating asymptomatic infections during the dry season may reduce the human reservoir of malaria responsible for initiating transmission in the wet season.
Modelling the ionization state of Type Ia supernovae in the nebular phase
Authors: Shingles Luke J , Flörs Andreas , Sim Stuart A , Collins Christine E , Röpke Friedrich K , Seitenzahl Ivo R , Shen Ken J 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The nebular spectra of Type Ia supernovae (⪆100 d after explosion) consist mainly of emission lines from singly and doubly ionized Fe-group nuclei. However, theoretical models for many scenarios predict that non-thermal ionization leads to multiply ionized species whose recombination photons ionize and deplete Fe+, resulting in negligible [Fe ii] emission. We investigate a method to determine the collisional excitation conditions from [Fe ii] line ratios independently from the ionization state and find that it cannot be applied to highly ionized models due to the influence of recombination cascades on Fe+ level populations. When the ionization state is artificially lowered, the line ratios (and excitation conditions) are too similar to distinguish between explosion scenarios. We investigate changes to the treatment of non-thermal energy deposition as a way to reconcile overionized theoretical models with observations and find that a simple work function approximation provides closer agreement with the data for sub-Mch models than a detailed Spencer–Fano treatment with widely used cross-section data. To quantify the magnitude of additional heating processes that would be required to sufficiently reduce ionization from fast leptons, we artificially boost the rate of energy loss to free electrons. We find that the equivalent of as much as an eight times increase to the plasma loss rate would be needed to reconcile the sub-Mch model with observed spectra. Future studies could distinguish between reductions in the non-thermal ionization rates and increased recombination rates, such as by clumping.
The origin of correlations between mass, metallicity, and morphology in galaxies from the eagle simulation
Authors: Zenocratti L J , De Rossi M E , Theuns T , Lara-López M A 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Observed and simulated galaxies exhibit correlations between stellar mass, metallicity, and morphology. We use the eagle cosmological simulation to examine the origin of these correlations for galaxies in the stellar mass range $10^9~\rm {M_\odot } \leqslant \ {\it M}_\star \leqslant 10^{10}~\rm {M_\odot }$, and the extent to which they contribute to the scatter in the mass–metallicity relation. We find that rotationally supported disc galaxies have lower metallicity than dispersion supported spheroidal galaxies at a given mass, in agreement with previous findings. In eagle, this correlation arises because discs form stars at later times, redshift $z \leqslant 1$, from the accretion of low-metallicity gas, whereas spheroidal galaxies galaxies typically form stars earlier, mainly by consumption of their gas reservoir. The different behaviour reflects the growth of their host dark matter halo: at a given stellar mass, disc galaxies inhabit dark matter haloes with lower mass that formed later compared to the haloes of spheroidal galaxies. Halo concentration plays a secondary role.
Probing spectral and temporal evolution of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1724–30 with AstroSat
Authors: Kashyap Unnati , Chakraborty Manoneeta , Bhattacharyya Sudip 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We report the broad-band spectro-temporal study of the poorly studied accreting neutron star (NS) low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 4U 1724–30 using data from Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counters (LAXPC) instruments on board AstroSat. The dim persistent LMXB source was observed with AstroSat over 4 epochs in 2017, all of which corresponded to a low-luminosity non-thermal emission dominated (hard/island) emission state with modest spectral evolution. All the X-ray broad-band spectra can be modelled by a combination of thermal emission from the NS boundary layer (BL) or NS surface and a non-thermal emission component possibly originating from the inverse Comptonization of the disc seed photons. We investigate the presence of frequency and energy-dependent variabilities to probe the origin of the disc/coronal fluctuations. We also report the detection of a Type-I X-ray burst displaying a photospheric radius expansion (PRE). During the burst, a hard X-ray shortage in the 30–80 keV energy band and the enhancement of the persistent emission reveal the burst feedback on the overall accretion process. Using the touch-down burst flux ∼4.25 × 10−8 erg s−1 cm−2, the distance of the source is estimated as ∼8.4 kpc.
Confirming new changing-look AGNs discovered through optical variability using a random forest-based light-curve classifier
Authors: López-Navas E , Martínez-Aldama M L , Bernal S , Sánchez-Sáez P , Arévalo P , Graham Matthew J , Hernández-García L , Lira P , Rojas Lobos P A 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Determining the frequency and duration of changing-look (CL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) phenomena, where the optical broad emission lines appear or disappear, is crucial to understand the evolution of the accretion flow around supermassive black holes. We present a strategy to select new CL candidates starting from a spectroscopic type 2 AGN sample and searching for current type 1 photometric variability. We use the publicly available Zwicky Transient Facility alert stream and the Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of Events light-curve classifier to produce a list of CL candidates with a highly automated algorithm, resulting in 60 candidates. Visual inspection reduced the sample to 30. We performed new spectroscopic observations of six candidates of our clean sample, without further refinement, finding the appearance of clear broad Balmer lines in four of them and tentative evidence of type changes in the remaining two, which suggests a promising success rate of ≥66 per cent for this CL selection method.
High-throughput site-specific N-glycoproteomics reveals glyco-signatures for liver disease diagnosis
Authors: Sun Zhenyu , Fu Bin , Wang Guoli , Zhang Lei , Xu Ruofan , Zhang Ying , Lu Haojie 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The glycoproteome has emerged as a prominent target for screening biomarkers, as altered glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer cells. In this work, we incorporated tandem mass tag labeling into quantitative glycoproteomics by developing a chemical labeling-assisted complementary dissociation method for the multiplexed analysis of intact N-glycopeptides. Benefiting from the complementary nature of two different mass spectrometry dissociation methods for identification and multiplex labeling for quantification of intact N-glycopeptides, we conducted the most comprehensive site-specific and subclass-specific N-glycosylation profiling of human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) to date. By analysing the serum of 90 human patients with varying severities of liver diseases, as well as healthy controls, we identified that the combination of IgG1-H3N5F1 and IgG4-H4N3 can be used for distinguishing between different stages of liver diseases. Finally, we used targeted parallel reaction monitoring to successfully validate the expression changes of glycosylation in liver diseases in a different sample cohort that included 45 serum samples.
Reconciling Garnet Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd and Monazite U–Pb Ages for a Prolonged Metamorphic Event, Northern New Mexico
Authors: Bollen Elizabeth M , Stowell Harold H , Aronoff Ruth F , Stotter Sara V , Daniel Christopher G , McFarlane Christopher R M , Vervoort Jeffrey D 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGarnet Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf isotopic data are increasingly used in tandem to characterize tectono-metamorphic events and their duration because the two chronometers may yield a progression from older Lu–Hf to younger Sm–Nd ages. In this contribution, we utilize garnet compositional zoning and monazite U–Pb ages to evaluate explanations for differences in garnet Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf ages for low- to mid-amphibolite facies rocks from the Picuris and Tusas Mountains, New Mexico. Ten Sm–Nd ages, eight Lu–Hf garnet ages (6 previously published), and four matrix monazite U–Pb dates span 1422–1370 Ma, 1456–1399 Ma, and 1377–1356 Ma, respectively. The weighted means of garnet ages are 1398 ± 11 Ma for Sm–Nd (N = 10/10) and 1402 ± 4 Ma for Lu–Hf (N = 6/8); however, Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf ages from three samples differ by 29, 34, and 55 my with differences between 2σ age envelopes of 12, 9, and 38 my., respectively. In these samples, primary Lu and Sm zoning in garnet, diffusion modification of zoning, or disequilibrium is sufficient to cause older Lu–Hf ages and younger Sm–Nd ages. Alternatively, two of the three Lu–Hf ages, c. 1450 Ma, may reflect the onset of a prolonged regional event or an earlier thermal event, and the three c. 1370 Ma garnet Sm–Nd ages may reflect diffusional re-equilibration. These three c. 1370 Ma ages are indistinguishable from the monazite ages, and garnet have trace element zoning consistent with diffusional alteration of growth zoning in Sm and Nd but not Lu and Hf. Garnet from the other seven samples have prograde zoning with little to no evidence for diffusional relaxation of zoning in these elements. We conclude that the majority of garnet preserve primary compositions and indistinguishable garnet ages of c. 1400 Ma, indicating a c. 22 my garnet growth history based on weighted mean. The two oldest c. 1450 Lu–Hf and three youngest c. 1370 Sm–Nd garnet ages require an earlier thermal history and modification of garnet composition, respectively. Results of this study redefine the youngest extent of amphibolite facies metamorphism during the Picuris orogeny to at least c. 1370 Ma.
Arc Crust Formation of Lesser Antilles Revealed by Crustal Xenoliths from Petit St. Vincent
Authors: Melekhova Elena , Camejo-Harry Michal , Blundy Jon , Wallis Simon R , Annen Catherine , Kunz Barbara E , Jenner Frances E , Thirlwall Matthew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Lesser Antilles volcanic arc is known for its magmatic diversity and unusually abundant plutonic xenoliths. Xenoliths from Petit St. Vincent (Grenadines’ archipelago) are particularly interesting because of their textural and petrogenetic range. Here we combine petrographic observations, Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis, major and trace element chemistry of xenoliths and lavas and geochemical and thermal modelling to explore the construction of arc crust beneath Petit St. Vincent. Petit St. Vincent xenoliths are dominated by calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene and amphibole, and can be divided into two main categories, igneous and meta-igneous. Igneous xenoliths typically have cumulate textures; meta-igneous xenoliths range texturally from those that preserve vestiges of primary magmatic fabrics to intensely deformed varieties characterised by grain-size reduction and foliation development. Meta-igneous xenoliths also contain the most calcic plagioclase (An98–100). The presence of both meta-igneous and igneous xenoliths provides evidence for reworking of older arc crust and antecedent igneous intrusions. The latter have a protolith composition similar to high-MgO, low-Sr picrites and high-Ca, high-Sr ankaramites from the neighbouring islands of Petite Martinique and Grenada. The meta-igneous xenoliths derive from older, mafic arc crust present at the onset of subduction. Trace element chemistry and EBSD analyses of meta-igneous xenoliths are consistent with a complex history of re-melting and deformation mediated by chlorine-bearing H2O rich fluids (including melts). Thermal modelling supports crustal reworking through repeated magma intrusions and indicates that the observed thermal structure and thickness of crust beneath Petit St. Vincent could have developed on a timescale of approximately 4 million years at rates compatible with the regional arc magma flux. Based on evidence from thermodynamic models and exhumed ancient arc crust sections, Collins et al. (Nature Geoscience, 13, 331–338, 2020) have proposed that water-fluxed melting may be an important aspect of deep arc crust sections world-wide. Textures and mineralogy of xenoliths from Petit St. Vincent, including their characteristic high-An plagioclase, testify to such a process beneath an active, intra-oceanic arc.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin, a cardiac marker predicting death in patients with kidney disease: a dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Yuan L , Chen C , Feng Y , Yang X J , Li Y , Wu Y , Hu F , Zhang M , Li X , Hu H , Zhang J , Li T , Liu Y , Sun X , Zhao Y , Hu D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Patients with kidney disease are at increased risk of adverse mortality events. Numerous studies have demonstrated the positive association of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and I (hs-cTnI) with all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients with kidney disease; however, the dose–response meta-analysis has not been reported. We therefore performed this study to evaluate the dose–response associations of hs-cTn with risk of all-cause and CV mortality to improve risk stratification. We searched three databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) to identify relevant prospective cohort studies published up to 12 January 2021. Random-effects models were used to summarize relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause and CV mortality. Restricted cubic splines were used to fit the dose–response associations. For each 10 ng/l increase in hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI, the risk increased by 14% (RR = 1.14, 95% CI, 1.10–1.18) and 19% (RR = 1.19, 95% CI, 1.09–1.31) for all-cause mortality, 25% (RR = 1.25, 95% CI, 1.13–1.38) and 19% (RR = 1.19, 95% CI, 1.10–1.29) for CV mortality. A linear trend was found between hs-cTnT and all-cause mortality, whereas a non-linear trend was found in hs-cTnI. Additionally, both hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI were shown to have linear trends with CV mortality. Our meta-analysis suggests that hs-cTn had high sensitivity in predicting mortality events. All dose–response trends were rising rather than falling, conferring that any increase in the levels of hs-cTn may possibly predict a death prognosis among chronic kidney disease patients.
Recognizing Our Biases, Understanding the Evidence, and Responding Equitably
Authors: McCarty Dana B. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Implicit bias permeates beliefs and actions both personally and professionally and results in negative health outcomes for people of color—even in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). NICU clinicians may naïvely and incorrectly assume that NICU families receive unbiased care. Existing evidence establishing associations between sex, race, and neonatal outcomes may perpetuate the tendency to deny racial bias in NICU practice.

Evidence Acquisition:
Using the socioecological model as a framework, this article outlines evidence for racial health disparities in the NICU on multiple levels—societal, community, institutional, interpersonal, and individual. Using current evidence and recommendations from the National Association of Neonatal Nurses Position Statement on “Racial Bias in the NICU,” appropriate interventions and equitable responses of the NICU clinician are explored.

Results:
Based on current evidence, clinicians should reject the notion that the social construct of race is the root cause for certain neonatal morbidities. Instead, clinicians should focus on the confluence of medical and social factors contributing to each individual infant's progress. This critical distinction is not only important for clinicians employing life-saving interventions, but also for those who provide routine care, developmental care, and family education—as these biases can and do shape clinical interactions.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Healthcare practitioners have an ethical and moral responsibility to maintain up-to-date knowledge of new evidence that impacts our clinical practice. The evidence demonstrates the importance of recognizing the enduring role of racism in the health and well-being of people of color and the need to adjust care accordingly.
Does Interbody Cage Lordosis and Position Affect Radiographic Outcomes After Single-level Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion?
Authors: DiMaria Stephen , Karamian Brian A. , Siegel Nicholas , Lambrechts Mark J. , Grewal Lovy , Jeyamohan Hareindra R. , Robinson William A. , Patel Akul , Canseco Jose A. , Kaye Ian David , Woods Barrett I. , Radcliff Kris E. , Kurd Mark F. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Chris K. , Vaccaro Alex R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: April 2022

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine if the degree of interbody cage lordosis and cage positioning are associated with changes in postoperative sagittal alignment after single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).

Summary of Background Data:
Ideal sagittal alignment and lumbopelvic alignment have been shown to correlate with postoperative clinical outcomes. TLIF is one technique that may improve these parameters, but whether the amount of cage lordosis improves either segmental or lumbar lordosis (LL) is unknown.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent single-level TLIF with either a 5-degree or a 12-degree lordotic cage. LL, segmental lordosis (SL), disk height, center point ratio, cage position, and cage subsidence were evaluated. Correlation between center point ratio and change in lordosis was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Secondary analysis included multiple linear regression to determine independent predictors of change in SL.

Results:
A total of 126 patients were included in the final analysis, with 51 patients receiving a 5-degree cage and 75 patients receiving a 12-degree cage. There were no differences in the postoperative minus preoperative LL (∆LL) (12-degree cage: −1.66 degrees vs. 5-degree cage: −2.88 degrees, P=0.528) or ∆SL (12-degree cage: −0.79 degrees vs. 5-degree cage: −1.68 degrees, P=0.513) at 1-month follow-up. Furthermore, no differences were found in ∆LL (12-degree cage: 2.40 degrees vs. 5-degree cage: 1.00 degrees, P=0.497) or ∆SL (12-degree cage: 1.24 degrees vs. 5-degree cage: 0.35 degrees, P=0.541) at final follow-up. Regression analysis failed to show demographic factors, cage positioning, or cage lordosis to be independent predictors of change in SL. No difference in subsidence was found between groups (12-degree cage: 25.5% vs. 5-degree cage: 32%, P=0.431).

Conclusion:
Lordotic cage angle and cage positioning were not associated with perioperative changes in LL, SL, or cage subsidence after single-level TLIF.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.