bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wavelength-variable low-noise all-solid-state yellow-green laser based on BP-frequency selection and BC-filtering
Authors: Bai Yang , Chen Zhi-Han , Li Ben , Yang Shun-Yu , Liu Hui , Zhou Jing-Feng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A continuous wave (CW) Watt-level wavelength-variable low-noise all-solid-state yellow-green laser was developed by using the Brewster polarizer frequency selection and birefringent crystal filtering methods. The maximum CW output power of the yellow-green laser beams radiating at wavelengths of 556.32 nm, 558.36 nm and 561.63 nm was measured to be 2.922 W, 2.713 W and 2.514 W, respectively. When the CW output power was 2.5 W within 4 h, the power instability of the three yellow-green laser beams from the shortest wavelength to longest wavelength was ±0.55%, ±0.46%, and ±0.69%, respectively. Their corresponding laser noise was 0.65%, 0.48%, and 0.72%. To the best of our knowledge, the Watt-level wavelength-variable all-solid-state yellow-green laser with low noise proposed in this study is the first of its kind.
Optical delay lines in topological microring resonator array
Authors: Wu Shuang , Mo Wenqin , Jin Fang , Song Junlei , Dong Kaifeng , Hui Yajuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We use a periodic microring resonator array (MRRA) to realize photonic topological insulator. By tuning the coupling of resonators, two topological edge states can be observed in different bands in the dispersive band, normalized transmission spectrum and light field distribution. From the dispersion band structure, we calculate the group velocity, group velocity dispersion, normalized delay bandwidth product and other delay properties. It is demonstrated that optical delay lines (ODLs) in topological MRRA not only can obtain a comparable delay times, but also show a flatter transmission spectrum and more stable delay time, compared with the traditional coupled resonator optical waveguide. Our work may provide a theoretical reference for the topological ODLs with robust transmission.
Overview of runaway current suppression and dissipation on J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: CHEN Zhongyong , LIN Zhifang , YAN Wei , HUANG Duwei , WEI Yunong , LI You , CAI Nianheng , HU Jie , DING Yonghua , LIANG Yunfeng , JIANG Zhonghe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The main works on disruption mitigation including suppression and mitigation of runaway current on the J-TEXT tokamak are summarized in this paper. Two strategies for the mitigation of runaway electron (RE) beams are applied in experiments. The first strategy enables the REs to be completely suppressed by means of supersonic molecular beam injection and resonant magnetic perturbation which can enhance RE loss, magnetic energy transfer which can reduce the electric field, and secondary massive gas injection (MGI) which can increase the collisional damping. For the second strategy, the runaway current is allowed to form but should be dissipated or soft landed within tolerance. It is observed that the runaway current can be significantly dissipated by MGI, and the dissipation rate increases with the injected impurity particle number and eventually stabilizes at 28 MA s−1. The dissipation rate of the runaway current can be up to 3 MA s−1 by ohmic field. Shattered pellet injection has been chosen as the main disruption mitigation method, which has the capability of injecting material deeper into the plasma for higher density assimilation when compared to MGI. Moreover, simulation works show that the RE seeds in the plasma are strongly influenced under different phases and sizes of 2/1 mode locked islands during thermal quench. The robust runaway suppression and runaway current dissipation provide an important insight on the disruption mitigation for future large tokamaks.
Liquid air energy storage technology: a comprehensive review of research, development and deployment
Authors: Liang Ting , Zhang Tongtong , Lin Xipeng , Alessio Tafone , Legrand Mathieu , He Xiufen , Kildahl Harriet , Lu Chang , Chen Haisheng , Romagnoli Alessandro , Wang Li , He Qing , Li Yongliang , Yang Lizhong , Ding Yulong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Liquid air energy storage (LAES) uses air as both the storage medium and working fluid, and it falls into the broad category of thermo-mechanical energy storage technologies. The LAES technology offers several advantages including high energy density and scalability, cost-competitiveness and non-geographical constraints, and hence has attracted a growing interest in recent years. As a result, several reviews have been published on the topic. However, these reviews covered little in the following aspects of LAES: dynamic simulation and optimisation, key components for LAES, LAES applications through integration, and unified economic and cost models for LAES. This article provides a comprehensive review on the LAES technology and fills the above gaps. Apart from applications in electrical grids such as peak-shaving, load shifting, and dealing with intermittency of renewable generation, the review also shows a diverse range of other LAES applications through integration, including waste heat and cold energy recovery and utilisation, multi-energy vector service provision, and sector coupling for chemical production and carbon capture. The review also leads to the recommendation of several areas for future research and development, including dynamic characteristics of whole LAES system integrated with renewables and end users; thermo-economic and dynamic optimization of stand-alone LAES and integrated systems; and experimental study on commercial systems.
Diabetes and hypertension are related to amyloid-beta burden in the population-based Rotterdam Study
Authors: van Arendonk Joyce , Neitzel Julia , Steketee Rebecca M E , van Assema Daniëlle M E , Vrooman Henri A , Segbers Marcel , Ikram M Arfan , Vernooij Meike W 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Higher vascular disease burden increases the likelihood of developing dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. Better understanding the association between vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease pathology at the predementia stage is critical for developing effective strategies to delay cognitive decline. In this work, we estimated the impact of six vascular risk factors on the presence and severity of in vivo measured brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques in participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study. Vascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity and smoking) were assessed 13 (2004–2008) and 7 years (2009–2014) prior to 18F-florbetaben PET (2018–2021) in 635 dementia-free participants. Vascular risk factors were associated with binary amyloid PET status or continuous PET readouts (standard uptake value ratios, SUVrs) using logistic and linear regression models, respectively, adjusted for age, sex, education, APOE4 risk allele count and time between vascular risk and PET assessment. Participants’ mean age at time of amyloid PET was 69 years (range: 60–90), 325 (51.2%) were women and 190 (29.9%) carried at least one APOE4 risk allele. The adjusted prevalence estimates of an amyloid-positive PET status markedly increased with age [12.8% (95% CI 11.6; 14) in 60–69 years versus 35% (36; 40.8) in 80–89 years age groups] and APOE4 allele count [9.7% (8.8; 10.6) in non-carriers versus 38.4% (36; 40.8) to 60.4% (54; 66.8) in carriers of one or two risk allele(s)]. Diabetes 7 years prior to PET assessment was associated with a higher risk of a positive amyloid status [odds ratio (95% CI) = 3.68 (1.76; 7.61), P &lt; 0.001] and higher standard uptake value ratios, indicating more severe Aβ pathology [standardized beta = 0.40 (0.17; 0.64), P = 0.001]. Hypertension was associated with higher SUVr values in APOE4 carriers (mean SUVr difference of 0.09), but not in non-carriers (mean SUVr difference 0.02; P = 0.005). In contrast, hypercholesterolaemia was related to lower SUVr values in APOE4 carriers (mean SUVr difference −0.06), but not in non-carriers (mean SUVr difference 0.02). Obesity, physical inactivity and smoking were not related to amyloid PET measures. The current findings suggest a contribution of diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease in a general population of older non-demented adults. As these conditions respond well to lifestyle modification and drug treatment, further research should focus on the preventative effect of early risk management on the development of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology.
Considerations in caseous calcification of the mitral annulus: a case report
Authors: Naser Jwan A , Hemu Mohamad R , Pellikka Patricia A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus is an extremely rare variant of mitral annulus calcification occurring in &lt;1% of cases. The degeneration of caseous masses could act as a source of embolic strokes and a nidus for infective endocarditis (IE).

Case summary
A man in his sixties presented with transient left arm weakness. His history was pertinent for bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement secondary to endocarditis and recent pneumococcal pneumonia complicated by empyema and bacteraemia. He was still on intravenous antibiotics when he presented. Evaluation including magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, transoesophageal echocardiography, and computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed multifocal embolic strokes, degenerative bioprosthetic aortic valve dysfunction, mitral annular calcification with mobile calcific masses, and persistent empyema. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography–CT showed indeterminate activity across a portion of the posterior mitral leaflet and no activity on the bioprosthetic aortic valve. The patient was deemed high risk for surgery and was treated with 6-week course of antibiotics both for the empyema and the possible IE of the native mitral valve. Repeat echocardiography 40 days later showed stable mitral masses. At 4 months of follow up, the patient had no evidence of recurrent clinical strokes.

Discussion
Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus is a rare but an increasingly recognized predisposing factor for embolic strokes and IE. Treatment ideally involves surgical resection of the calcified masses in such cases.
How China lends: a rare look into 100 debt contracts with foreign governments
Authors: Gelpern Anna , Horn Sebastian , Morris Scott , Parks Brad , Trebesch Christoph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChina is the world’s largest official creditor, but we lack basic facts about the terms and conditions of its lending. Very few contracts between Chinese lenders and their government borrowers have ever been published or studied. This paper is the first systematic analysis of the legal terms of China’s foreign lending. We collect and analyse 100 contracts between Chinese state-owned entities and government borrowers in 24 developing countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America and Oceania, and compare them with those of other bilateral, multilateral and commercial creditors. Three main insights emerge. First, the Chinese contracts contain unusual confidentiality clauses that bar borrowers from revealing the terms or even the existence of the debt. Second, Chinese lenders seek advantage over other creditors, using collateral arrangements such as lender-controlled revenue accounts and promises to keep the debt out of collective restructuring (‘no Paris Club’ clauses). Third, cancellation, acceleration and stabilization clauses in Chinese contracts potentially allow the lenders to influence debtors’ domestic and foreign policies. Even if these terms were unenforceable in court, the mix of confidentiality, seniority and policy influence could limit the sovereign debtor’s crisis management options and complicate debt renegotiation. Overall, the contracts use creative design to manage credit risks and overcome enforcement hurdles, presenting China as a muscular and commercially savvy lender to the developing world.
Mathematical modeling and investigation on the role of demography and contact patterns in social distancing measures effectiveness in COVID-19 dissemination
Authors: Ridenti Marco A , Teles Lara K , Maranhão Alexandre , Teles Vladimir K 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the importance of demography and contact patterns in determining the spread of COVID-19 and to the effectiveness of social distancing policies. We investigate these questions proposing an augmented epidemiological model with an age-structured model, with the population divided into susceptible (S), exposed (E), asymptomatic infectious (A), hospitalized (H), symptomatic infectious (I) and recovered individuals (R), to simulate COVID-19 dissemination. The simulations were carried out using six combinations of four types of isolation policies (work restrictions, isolation of the elderly, community distancing and school closures) and four representative fictitious countries generated over alternative demographic transition stage patterns (aged developed, developed, developing and least developed countries). We concluded that the basic reproduction number depends on the age profile and the contact patterns. The aged developed country had the lowest basic reproduction number ($R0=1.74$) due to the low contact rate among individuals, followed by the least developed country ($R0=2.00$), the developing country ($R0=2.43$) and the developed country ($R0=2.64$). Because of these differences in the basic reproduction numbers, the same intervention policies had higher efficiencies in the aged and least developed countries. Of all intervention policies, the reduction in work contacts and community distancing were the ones that produced the highest decrease in the $R0$ value, prevalence, maximum hospitalization demand and fatality rate. The isolation of the elderly was more effective in the developed and aged developed countries. The school closure was the less effective intervention policy, though its effects were not negligible in the least developed and developing countries.
Viral Genetic Determinants of Prolonged Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Infants in a Healthy Term Birth Cohort
Authors: Lawless Dylan , McKennan Christopher G , Das Suman R , Junier Thomas , Xu Zhi Ming , Anderson Larry J , Gebretsadik Tebeb , Shilts Meghan H , Larkin Emma , Rosas-Salazar Christian , Chappell James D , Fellay Jacques , Hartert Tina V 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with acute respiratory infection. We sought to identify RSV variants associated with prolonged infection.

Methods
Among healthy term infants we identified those with prolonged RSV infection and conducted (1) a human genome-wide association study (GWAS) to test the dependence of infection risk on host genotype, (2) a viral GWAS for association with prolonged RSV infection using RSV whole-genome sequencing, (3) an analysis of all viral public sequences, (4) an assessment of immunological responses, and (5) a summary of all major functional data. Analyses were adjusted for viral/human population structure and host factors associated with infection risk.

Results
We identified p.E123K/D and p.P218T/S/L in G protein that were associated with prolonged infection (Padj = .01). We found no evidence of host genetic risk for infection. The RSV variant positions approximate sequences that could bind a putative viral receptor, heparan sulfate.

Conclusions
Using analysis of both viral and host genetics we identified a novel RSV variant associated with prolonged infection in otherwise healthy infants and no evidence supporting host genetic susceptibility to infection. As the capacity of RSV for chronicity and its viral reservoir are not defined, these findings are important for understanding the impact of RSV on chronic disease and endemicity.
Outpatient purchasing patterns of hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin in the USA and Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time series analysis from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Ho Martin , Tadrous Mina , Iacono Anita , Suda Katie , Gomes Tara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin received widespread attention after initial studies suggested that they were effective against COVID-19. However, several of these studies were later discredited.

Objectives
We explored the impact of scientific articles, public announcements and social media posts on hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin purchases in the USA and Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, population-based time series analysis of retail hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin purchases in the USA and Canada from February 2016 through to December 2021, using IQVIA’s Multinational Integrated Data Analysis database. We fitted the purchasing rates with interventional autoregressive integrated moving average models. We used Google Trends to identify the most influential interventions to include in the models.

Results
There were significant pulse increases in hydroxychloroquine purchases in March 2020 in both the USA (P &lt; 0.0001) and Canada (P &lt; 0.0001). For ivermectin, there were no significant changes in April 2020 in either the USA (P = 0.41) or Canada (P = 0.16); however, significant pulse increases occurred from December 2020 to January 2021 in both the USA (P = 0.0006) and Canada (P &lt; 0.0001), as well as significant ramp increases from April to August 2021 in both the USA (P &lt; 0.0001) and Canada (P = 0.02). The increases in ivermectin purchases were larger in the USA than in Canada.

Conclusions
Increases in hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin purchasing rates aligned with controversial scientific articles and social media posts. This highlights the importance of scientific integrity and disseminating accurate epidemiologic information during pandemics.
Impact of cartel enforcement on compliance in the chemical industry
Authors: De Stefano Gianni , Stephan Andreas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between EU cartel enforcement in the chemical industry in the period 1997–2010 and compliance measures announced in the Annual Reports of the undertakings involved. It goes on to focus on Akzo Nobel NV’s unique use of an internal amnesty programme, and the level of compliance in the industry following this period of enforcement. Its findings suggest cartel enforcement may have prompted significant investment in compliance measures, with some evidence of those measures resulting in earlier reporting in return for leniency.
Deceptively Simple: Can Urine Samples from CLIA-Waived Urine Drug Screen Devices Be Reused for Confirmatory Testing?
Authors: Pandya Vrajesh , McMillin Gwendolyn A , Young Brittany A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Many low-complexity urine drug screen (UDS) devices are approved by the Food and Drug Administration as waived under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) criteria. Labeling instructs patients to urinate directly into the device and also states that positive results should be confirmed. However, the device itself may pose a risk of drug adsorption and/or specimen contamination that could affect results in confirmatory assays if specimens are reused. Collecting urine in a separate container before performing the UDS would reclassify the test as nonwaived, negating the conveniences of a CLIA-waived test. Also, patients may be unable or unwilling to urinate in an additional container for confirmatory testing. This study examined reusing urine from a UDS device (NexScreen) for confirmatory testing.

Methods
25 patient specimens were pooled and verified to be drug-free. To evaluate drug leaching from the UDS device, 30 mL of this pool was incubated in NexScreen cups, followed by confirmatory testing. To evaluate drug adsorption, 14 representative analytes were spiked slightly over the NexScreen positivity cutoffs, followed by incubation in NexScreen cups and confirmation testing.

Results
All negative samples incubated in NexScreen cups remained negative upon confirmation testing, indicating that NexScreen test strips do not contaminate the specimen. For the drug adsorption experiment, 11 of 14 analytes had recoveries of at least 95%, whereas buprenorphine and 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol recovered at 94% and 87%, respectively, suggesting minor adsorption. All analytes recovered above their respective confirmation cutoffs.

Conclusions
Urine aliquots from NexScreen cups may be used for confirmatory testing.
Using automated methods to detect safety problems with health information technology: a scoping review
Authors: Surian Didi , Wang Ying , Coiera Enrico , Magrabi Farah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
To summarize the research literature evaluating automated methods for early detection of safety problems with health information technology (HIT).

Materials and Methods
We searched bibliographic databases including MEDLINE, ACM Digital, Embase, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from January 2010 to June 2021 for studies evaluating the performance of automated methods to detect HIT problems. HIT problems were reviewed using an existing classification for safety concerns. Automated methods were categorized into rule-based, statistical, and machine learning methods, and their performance in detecting HIT problems was assessed. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews statement.

Results
Of the 45 studies identified, the majority (n = 27, 60%) focused on detecting use errors involving electronic health records and order entry systems. Machine learning (n = 22) and statistical modeling (n = 17) were the most common methods. Unsupervised learning was used to detect use errors in laboratory test results, prescriptions, and patient records while supervised learning was used to detect technical errors arising from hardware or software issues. Statistical modeling was used to detect use errors, unauthorized access, and clinical decision support system malfunctions while rule-based methods primarily focused on use errors.

Conclusions
A wide variety of rule-based, statistical, and machine learning methods have been applied to automate the detection of safety problems with HIT. Many opportunities remain to systematically study their application and effectiveness in real-world settings.