bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Saccharum Spontaneum on STZ- Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Assung Hage , Bharali Manuj Kr. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Saccharum spontaneum is traditionally used in Arunachal Pradesh, India for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Review of existing literature, found no scientific investigation on this claim. Therefore, this study was aim to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of S. spontaneum on STZ induced diabetic mice.
Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced in male albino mice by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100mgkg-1 BW). Initially Starch tolerance test, blood glucose level and area under the curve (AUC) were evaluated after S. spontaneum treatment in diabetic mice. The test extract was administered for three weeks and the antidiabetic activity was evaluated by means of monitoring the change in blood glucose level, body weight and biochemical parameters.
Results: The extract showed a significant decrease in the blood glucose level, slight enhancement of body weight after the treatment. Daily oral treatment of extract also showed a significant reduction in the Serum ALT, creatinine and triglyceride when compared to the diabetic control.
Conclusion: The results provide supports to the traditional claim made on Saccharum spontaneumand provide evidence that this plant might be a potential source of antidiabetic agent.
An Analysis of Backward and Forward Linkages of Pharmaceutical Sector in India Based on an Input- Output Model
Authors: Das Manisha , Kashyap Ankita 
Published: February 2022

Aims: The paper study about the inter-linkages between pharmaceutical sector and other sectors of Indian economy. The paper also measures the effects of growth in pharmaceutical sector on other sector’s growth.
Study Design: The study is mainly a static analysis based on secondary data concentrated in studying the production structure of Indian pharmaceutical sector.
Duration of Study: The time taken for the research to be completed is for a period of four months.
Methodology: We have used the latest input-output table available for the period of 2015-16 to conduct the analysis. First, we converted the input-output table from 131 sectors structure to a 60 sectors structure by aggregation of most related sectors. Then, technical coefficient matrix and Leontief inverse matrix for the 60 sectors included in the table has been calculated to analyze the forward and backward linkages of the industry. In addition to that we have calculated output multiplier of pharmaceutical industry to know the effects of changes in the growth of pharmaceutical sectors on all other sectors of the economy.
Results: The input-output analysis reveals that both forward linked indicator and backward linked indicator are greater than one. The forward linked indicator is of value 1.12 and backward linked indicator is of value 1.50. These results indicated that pharmaceutical sector is strongly inter-linked both backwardly and forwardly with other industries in the Indian economy. The value of output multiplier of the industry is 2.34; it indicates positive contribution of the pharmaceutical sectors both directly and indirectly to the Indian economy.
Conclusion: The study finds that pharmaceutical industry is a key industry in stimulating the production activities of other industries. Thus with proper planning and execution of pharmaceutical industry it can help in promoting other sectors growth.
Relapse, Recurrence and Re-infection with SARS-Cov-2 after Recovery from COVID-19
Authors: Malwa Reetika , Dakhode Sarika U. , Rode Sonali 
Published: February 2022

This review article throws light upon the frequency of patients that are coming out to be re-positive even after complete remission from the illness, and also what can be the possible causes for the same, and how to prevent such cases and management of such patients. This is important study because usually people once getting cured from the disease are in a mindset that they wont be infected again, so even the preventive measures are neglected by the population, so understanding this would make people more aware about the personal prevenyion and how to keep themselves safe during the pandemic.
The whole world is in pain due to increase of number of cases and deaths due to novel corona virus (called COVID-19) which came upon in late 2019 in Wuhan city, in China. This viral entity causes a variety of symptoms that range from mild illness to moderate illness. Breathing difficulties and death occur in very severe cases. The most common earliest manifestation include fever, cough, cold, myalgia, chest pain, diarrhoea and headache. This disease is mainly spread through respiratory droplets which are brought about a person who is infected when he or she coughs, sneezes, or exhales.
For SARS-CoV-2, the timing, size, and duration of humoral immunity are unknown. However, understanding this is critical in order to predict the pandemic's expected future dynamics, to guide methods for allowing social distancing measures to be relaxed, and to understand as to how to deploy the vaccine doses for achieving the maximum impact.
So, since this disease is wrecking homes all over the world. There comes a necessity to be able to know about it at the earliest and effectively treating the patients by various drug modalities. Many studies are being done on the same. Tests for detecting coronavirus infection include RT-PCR, Rapid Antigen Testing, Antibodies testing, Chest Xray and some blood markers like CRP, D-dimer, LFT, KFT, Immunoglobulins etc. And with the upcoming testing options there also has been reports of reinfection or basically repeat RT-PCR test coming out to be positive after the recovery of the previous infection.
According to many studies, it is found that RT-PCR coming out to be positive in patients that have recovered from the disease. This article aims to conduct a review that will summarize the epidemiological as well as clinical characteristics of these patients and also know about the possible explanations for these kind of recurrences, the contagiousness of re-positive SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the management ofCOVID-19 patients after they are discharged from the hospital.
A Thorough Literature Evaluation of Orthodontic Therapy in Periodontitis Prone Patients
Authors: Rahim Madiha , Kale Bhairavi 
Published: February 2022

The goal is to look through the literature for clinical scientific facts on the impact of orthodontic treatment on periodontal status in periodontitis prone people. The effects of orthodontic banded attachments on periodontal disease and, more particularly, the bacteria present at the gingival edges, are examined in this paper.
This is a review focuses on important advancements in orthodontic methods and microbiological advances that have aided in the clarification of orthodontic appliance interrelationships and gum disease (periodontitis). Suggestions for how they may be improved are given, as well. As well as focusing study on specific regions. This review focuses on interrelation between malocclusion and periodontal diseases and relationship between periodontal diseases and accumulation of bacterial film around the orthodontic appliances which leads to periodontal changes or gum diseases. Study focuses on issues caused due to orthodontic bands and the focuses and shows the gingival changes caused by the orthodontic appliances. It also shows the microbiology responsible of the periodontal diseases caused. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of gum diseases in patients with malocclusions and patients with corrected malocclusion with the help of orthodontic appliances. The review also focuses on how to prevent periodontal diseases during orthodontic correction. And shares the measures taken to prevent periodontal diseases during orthodontic corrections. The specificity of the cause and effect is explained in the below given review article. The specific issue caused by the orthodontic appliance is well explained in the review article.
The Personality of the Character Jagat in the Novel Tamu Kota Seoul by Yusri Fajar
Authors: Sulistiyani Yeni , Fuad Muhammad , Suyanto Edy 
Published: February 2022

Aims: Describe the personality of the character in the Tamu Kota Seoul novel by Yusri Fajar based on psychological studies.
Study Design: Multidisciplinary.
Place and Duration of Study: Graduate Program of Indonesian Bahasa and Literature Education University of Lampung, August 2019 until now.
Methodology: Qualitative descriptive method by using a literary psychology approach. The literary psychology approach is used to see the relationship between the data in the literary work with the personality of the character and psychosocial facts. The source of the data in this research is the Tamu Kota Seoul novel by Yusri Fajar. Data collection is using library and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique uses an interactive model analysis technique which consists of three components of analysis, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification.
Results: The results show that the personality of the character found in the Tamu Kota Seoul novel by Yusri Fajar can be described as the character Jagat experiences various personality dynamics as well as the emergence of a strong id and ego problems of meeting needs, but superego strength, mature personality, and psychological qualities possessed are able to control personality strongly. Although, the highest needs aspect (self-actualization) of the characters have been fulfilled, the physiological needs, security, love, and self-esteem remain as needs that continue to revolve conditionally and want to be fulfilled as well.
Construction of Self‐Activated Nanoreactors for Cascade Catalytic Anti‐Biofilm Therapy Based on H2O2 Self‐Generation and Switch‐On NO Release
Authors: Shi Yuting , Cao Yufei , Cheng Ju , Yu Wenwen , Liu Mingsheng , Yin Juanjuan , Huang Congshu , Liang Xiaoqin , Zhou Haicun , Liu Hongbin , Yang Zheng , Fang Yu , Wei Hua , Zhao Guanghui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe traditional treatment for bacterial infections is the use of antibiotics, but the overuse of antibiotics can lead to the formation of multidrug‐resistant bacteria, and eventually lead to the formation of biofilms, which can resist the attack of the host immune system and the penetration of antibiotics in biofilms. Although biofilm‐targeted and stimulus‐responsive antibiotic delivery nanocarriers are available, the drugs that can be delivered is extremely limited. Therefore, an amphiphilic supramolecule Arg‐CD‐AcMH is constructed via host–guest interactions between β‐CD‐terminated arginine (Arg‐CD) and ferrocene‐terminated acetal‐modified maltoheptaose. The amphiphilic supramolecule Arg‐CD‐AcMH can self‐assemble with glucoamylase and glucose oxidase in aqueous solution to form spherical nanoparticles through hydrophilic–hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. These nanoparticles can respond to the micro‐environment in the biofilm and selectively increase the level of H2O2 in the biofilm through the cascading catalytic effect of enzymes based on the self‐supply glucose, thus providing conditions for the release of anti‐biofilm active drug nitric oxide.
Distinct Crystal‐Facet‐Dependent Behaviors for Single‐Atom Palladium‐On‐Ceria Catalysts: Enhanced Stabilization and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Hu Botao , Sun Kaian , Zhuang Zewen , Chen Zheng , Liu Shoujie , Cheong Weng‐Chon , Chen Cheng , Hu Mingzhen , Cao Xing , Ma Junguo , Tu Renyong , Zheng Xusheng , Xiao Hai , Chen Xiao , Cui Yi , Peng Qing , Chen Chen , Li Yadong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance, fully atomically dispersed single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are promising candidates for next‐generation industrial catalysts. However, it remains a great challenge to avoid the aggregation of isolated atoms into nanoparticles during the preparation and application of SACs. Here, the evolution of Pd species is investigated on different crystal facets of CeO2, and vastly different behaviors on the single‐atomic dispersion of surface Pd atoms are surprisingly discovered. In situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in situ near‐ambient‐pressure‐XPS (NAP‐XPS), in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveal that, in a reducing atmosphere, more oxygen vacancies are generated on the (100) facet of CeO2, and Pd atoms can be trapped and thus feature atomic dispersion; by contrast, on the CeO2 (111) facet, Pd atoms will readily aggregate into clusters (Pdn). Furthermore, Pd1/CeO2(100) gives a high selectivity of 90.3% for the catalytic N‐alkylation reaction, which is 2.8 times higher than that for Pdn/CeO2(111). This direct evidence demonstrates the crucial role of crystal‐facet effects in the preparation of metal‐atom‐on‐metal‐oxide SACs. This work thus opens an avenue for the rational design and targeted synthesis of ultrastable and sinter‐resistant SACs.
Unblocked Electron Channels Enable Efficient Contact Prelithiation for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yue Xin‐Yang , Yao Yu‐Xing , Zhang Jing , Yang Si‐Yu , Li Zeheng , Yan Chong , Zhang Qiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContact prelithiation is strongly considered for compensating the initial capacity loss of lithium‐ion batteries, exhibiting great potential for ultralong cycle life of working batteries and the application of large‐scale energy‐storage systems. However, the utilization of the sacrificial Li source for contact prelithiation is low (<65%). Herein the fundamental mechanism of contact prelithiation is described from the perspective of the Li source/anode interfaces by regulating the initial contact state, and a clear illustration of the pathogeny for capacity attenuation is successfully delivered. Specifically, creating plentiful electron channels is an access to making contact prelithiation with a higher Li utilization, as the mitigated local current density that reduces the etching of Li dissolution and SEI extension on electron channels. A vacuum thermal evaporation for depositing the Li film enables the contact interface to possess an adequate electron channel construction, rendering a Li utilization of 91.0%, and the dead Li yield is significantly reduced in a working battery.
Influence of Graphene Oxide Surface on the Synthesis and Structure of BiOxFy at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Zhan Jing , Lei Zhendong , Zhang Yong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDue to its rich functional groups and large specific surface area, graphene oxide (GO) will inevitably interact with the surrounding medium in practical applications. Although it has been found that this surface interaction of GO affects the crystallization process, it is still unclear whether it affects chemical reactions and reaction kinetics. Here, by studying the synthesis of BiOxFy crystals on the surface of GO under environmental conditions, it is shown that the surface interaction of GO affects the reaction process by changing the microenvironment. When the source ratio of F to Bi is 1, the morphology and structure of BiOxFy crystals synthesized on the surface of GO are significantly different from those obtained in the solution without GO. Moreover, the morphology, structure, and even chemical composition of the crystals formed on the surface of GO will change with the change of the element ratio of F/Bi. And a new bismuth‐containing crystal can be formed on the GO nanosheets when the F/Bi ratio is less than 0.6 in the reaction solution. This research not only explains the effect of GO surface dynamic interaction on crystal synthesis, but also provides new ideas for the design and synthesis of new 2D materials.
Recyclable, Self‐Healing Solid Polymer Electrolytes by Soy Protein‐Based Dynamic Network
Authors: Gu Weidong , Li Feng , Liu Tao , Gong Shanshan , Gao Qiang , Li Jianzhang , Fang Zhen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCompared to traditional organic liquid electrolytes, which often present leakage, flammability, and chemical stability problems, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are widely regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the development of safer lithium‐ion batteries. Vitrimers are a new class of polymer materials consisting of dynamic covalent networks that can change their topology by thermally activated bond‐exchange reactions. Herein, the recyclable and self‐healing solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with a soy protein isolate (SPI)‐based imine bond dynamic network are reported. This malleable covalent cross‐linked network polymer can be reshaped and recycled at high temperature (100 °C) or only with water at ambient temperature (25 °C), which may realize the green processing of energy materials. The introduction of bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI) significantly reinforces the conductivity of the dynamic network to a maximum of 3.3 × 10−4 S cm‐1. This simple and applicable method establishes new principles for designing scalable and flexible strategies for fabricating polymer electrolytes.
Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of strawberry fruits in response to powdery mildew infection
Authors: Duan Wenkai , Peng Lingyao , Jiang Jingyong , Zhang Hui , Tong Guotong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPowdery mildew is a common and important fungal disease that influences strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) production. Understanding the interaction between crops and pathogens is essential for managing powdery mildew. In this study, transcriptomic and metabolomic methods were used to analyze the differential genes and metabolites and their correlation to the powdery mildew infection. A total of 22,124 genes were obtained, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at three different developmental stages were determined. Genes involved in plant–pathogen interactions, carbon metabolism, and photosynthesis were upregulated in powdery mildew infected plants. In addition, 162 compounds were detected in ripe strawberry fruits, and the differential metabolites were mainly amino acids (two types), phenols (three types), flavonoids (six types), carbohydrates (three types), and acids (five types). The order–reduction analysis of these substances revealed that the most influential factor was quercetin, which was downregulated in the infected groups. The results provide a reference for developing disease‐resistant strawberry plants.
The effects of E‐Verify on the share of labor‐Intensive and capital‐Intensive crops: Evidence from farm‐level data
Authors: Cruz Frida , Kostandini Genti , Mykerezi Elton , Jordan Jeffrey , Tanellari Eftila 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImmigration enforcement policies, such as E‐Verify, have a negative effect on the US supply of farm labor. A growing literature finds that agricultural producers in the United States are facing a shrinking labor supply, while only a few studies examine how agricultural producers are adjusting to having less labor. This study examines how a shrinking labor force affects agricultural production decisions, specifically in terms of labor‐intensive and capital‐intensive crops. With less labor it is more challenging for agricultural producers to produce labor‐intensive crops when there is no available technology to substitute for labor. We use E‐Verify enforcement laws as a quasi‐natural negative labor shock and data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey to examine this issue. We find a decline in the production of labor‐intensive crops and an increase in the production of capital‐intensive crops in the states that have enforced “strong” E‐Verify laws. Based on our results, the opposite is true for “weak” E‐Verify states. [EconLit Citations: Q12, Q18, J6, K37].
Systematic review of intra‐operative duplex scanning during renal transplantation
Authors: Thebridge Linda , Fisher Charles , Puttaswamy Vikram , Pollock Carol , Clarke Jillian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionA systematic review of the value of intra‐operative duplex scanning during renal transplantation was undertaken.MethodsStudies assessing intra‐operative renal cortical flow in the arcuate vessels with outcomes of ultrasound directed interventions during the initial procedure, delayed graft function, post‐operative resistive indices, graft losses and early returns to theatre for graft hypoperfusion were reviewed. PROSPERO registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020203873).ResultsLiterature searching identified 2069 articles for screening, with 131 reviewed and 12 selected for analysis comprising 5 individual case reports, one case series of 11 patients and 6 non‐randomised controlled trials. Studies with similar methodologies were pooled because of the low number of studies and outcomes. Outcomes of interest were not reported for all patients. Intra‐operative interventions comprising graft repositioning in 18 (16%) and vascular revision in 2 (2%) were performed in 115 patients undergoing intra‐operative scans. There were no graft losses or returns to theatre for graft hypoperfusion (0 of 108 cases) compared to 7 of 71 (10%) without intraoperative scanning (P = 0.003). Three of 8 (38%) patients with high intra‐operative resistive indices (RIs) were returned to theatre for hypoperfusion compared to 1 of 110 (1%) patients with normal resistive indices (P = <0.001). Ten of 13 (77%) patients with high RIs had delayed graft function compared to 10 of 40 (25%) with normal RIs (P = 0.001).ConclusionDespite the absence of randomised controlled trials, and heterogeneous small studies, adverse outcomes were reduced with intra‐operative scanning. High intraoperative RIs were predictive of both delayed graft function and return to theatre for hypoperfusion.
Remote Construction of N‐Heterocycles via 1,4‐Palladium Shift‐Mediated Double C−H Activation
Authors: Miyakoshi Takeru , Niggli Nadja E. , Baudoin Olivier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the past years, Pd0‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H activation provided efficient and step‐economical methods to synthesize carbo‐ and heterocycles via direct C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond formation. We report herein that a 1,4‐Pd shift allows access to N‐heterocycles which are difficult to build via a direct reaction. It is shown that o‐bromo‐N‐methylanilines undergo a 1,4‐Pd shift at the N‐methyl group, followed by intramolecular trapping by C(sp2)−H or C(sp3)−H activation at another nitrogen substituent and remote C−C bond formation to generate biologically relevant isoindolines and β‐lactams. The product selectivity is influenced by the employed ligand, with NHCs favoring the product of remote C−C coupling against products arising from direct C−C coupling and N‐demethylation.
Engineering MoOx/MXene Hole Transfer Layers for Unexpected Boosting of Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Song Yurou , Zhang Xiaomeng , Zhang Yanxue , Zhai Panlong , Li Zhuwei , Jin Dingfeng , Cao Jiaqi , Wang Chen , Zhang Bo , Gao Junfeng , Sun Licheng , Hou Jungang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of semiconductor photoanodes is of great practical interest for the realization of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, MXene quantum dots (MQD) were grafted on a BiVO4 substrate, then a MoOx layer by combining an ultrathin oxyhydroxide oxygen evolution cocatalyst (OEC) was constructed as an integrated photoanode. The OEC/MoOx/MQD/BiVO4 array not only achieves a current density of 5.85 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE), but also enhances photostability. From electrochemical analysis and density functional theory calculations, high PEC performance is ascribed to the incorporation of MoOx/MQD as hole transfer layers, retarding charge recombination, promoting hole transfer and accelerating water splitting kinetics. This proof‐of‐principle work not only demonstrates the potential utilization of hole transfer layers, but also sheds light on rational design and fabrication of integrated photoanodes for feasible solar energy conversion.