bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation and Study of Forest Loss and Gain Using Spatial Dataset across Districts of Uttarakhand
Authors: Khan Sameer , Joshi Sanjay , Kumar Ashok , Pandey Binay K. 
Published: July 2022

Aims: To study and estimate the forest cover loss and gain across the 13 districts of Uttarakhand.
Place and Duration of Study: Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, between September 2021 and December 2021.
Methodology: We extracted forest cover time-series data from the year 2001 to the year 2020 from Hensen Global Forest Change Dataset. This data was then mapped to the shapefile created in ARC-GIS containing all 13 districts as a Feature Collection, which was then used to individually classify each region and to estimate the size of the loss of tree cover precisely over the district boundary.
Results: Our study shows forest loss of about (21,05,71,646 square meters) and forest gain of (6,00,79,072 square meters) cumulatively in all the districts of Uttarakhand from the year 2001 to 2020 at a spatial resolution of 30 meters where trees were identified as canopies greater than 5 meters in height.
Conclusion: Among the districts of Uttarakhand Udham Singh Nagar, Nainital, and Champawat alone contribute to the total tree cover loss area of 15061.7513801 ha. which is about 71.5 % of Uttarakhand’s total tree cover loss. These regions require monitoring and controlling deforestation and more detailed studies like this are required to analyze and prevent the causes of such great-scale deforestation. Analyzing districts apart from those mentioned above, it is observed that the amount of tree cover loss is greater than the reforestation.
Use and Cost of Low-Value Health Services Delivered or Paid for by the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Radomski Thomas R. , Zhao Xinhua , Lovelace Elijah Z. , Sileanu Florentina E. , Rose Liam , Schwartz Aaron L. , Schleiden Loren J. , Oakes Allison H. , Pickering Aimee N. , Yang Dylan , Hale Jennifer A. , Gellad Walid F. , Fine Michael J. , Thorpe Carolyn T. 
Published: July 2022

ImportanceWithin the Veterans Health Administration (VA), the use and cost of low-value services delivered by VA facilities or increasingly by VA Community Care (VACC) programs have not been comprehensively quantified.ObjectiveTo quantify veterans’ overall use and cost of low-value services, including VA-delivered care and VA-purchased community care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study assessed a national population of VA-enrolled veterans. Data on enrollment, sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and health care services delivered by VA facilities or paid for by the VA through VACC programs were compiled for fiscal year 2018 from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse. Data analysis was conducted from April 2020 to January 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresVA administrative data were applied using an established low-value service metric to quantify the use of 29 potentially low-value tests and procedures delivered in VA facilities and by VACC programs across 6 domains: cancer screening, diagnostic and preventive testing, preoperative testing, imaging, cardiovascular testing and procedures, and other procedures. Sensitive and specific criteria were used to determine the low-value service counts per 100 veterans overall, by domain, and by individual service; count and percentage of each low-value service delivered by each setting; and estimated cost of each service.ResultsAmong 5.2 million enrolled veterans, the mean (SD) age was 62.5 (16.0) years, 91.7% were male, 68.0% were non-Hispanic White, and 32.3% received any service through VACC. By specific criteria, 19.6 low-value services per 100 veterans were delivered in VA facilities or by VACC programs, involving 13.6% of veterans at a total cost of $205.8 million. Overall, the most frequently delivered low-value service was prostate-specific antigen testing for men aged 75 years or older (5.9 per 100 veterans); this was also the service with the greatest proportion delivered by VA facilities (98.9%). The costliest low-value services were spinal injections for low back pain ($43.9 million; 21.4% of low-value care spending) and percutaneous coronary intervention for stable coronary disease ($36.8 million; 17.9% of spending).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that among veterans enrolled in the VA, more than 1 in 10 have received a low-value service from VA facilities or VACC programs, with approximately $200 million in associated costs. Such information on the use and costs of low-value services are essential to guide the VA’s efforts to reduce delivery and spending on such care.
Weaknesses of research methodologies on musculoskeletal disorders associated with mobile touch-screen devices
Authors: Elghomati Ali , Mackieh Adham , Babaqi Tareq 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The objective of the currently study is to point out the weaknesses of some recent researches, which were done about the effects or symptoms of using Touch Screen Mobile Devices on the human musculoskeletal system. In this article, we reviewed the research processes performed in recent 26 randomly selected papers about musculoskeletal disorder to clarify the common weaknesses of these published articles. The electronic database search and reference search were conducted in four different databases: Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. We noticed that none of the reviewed papers had performed the experimental design phase of a scientific research. Additionally they had not validated the assumptions of the statistical methods used in their researches. Therefore, their findings are doubtful. In this article, we proposed practical outlines for a reliable experimental research.
Pentagonal 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: PdSe2 and Beyond
Authors: Liang Qijie , Chen Ziling , Zhang Qian , Wee Andrew Thye Shen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract2D materials with common hexagonal crystal structures, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted great interest due to their novel physical and chemical properties. Pentagonal transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit distinct optical, electrical, and chemical properties, with valuable functionalities for various applications. This review highlights some of the most important developments in this field, with emphasis on their functionalities for neuromorphic computing, transistors, photodetection, catalysts, etc. Strategies for modifying their physical and chemical properties as well as device performance including defect engineering and interface engineering are presented. Finally, a forward‐looking outlook of pentagonal 2D materials is discussed.
Spatial Control of Oxygen Vacancy Concentration in Monoclinic WO3 Photoanodes for Enhanced Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Kong Heejung , Yang Haechang , Park Ji‐Sang , Chae Weon‐Sik , Kim Hee Yeong , Park Jucheol , Lee Jong Hoon , Choi Seung Yo , Park Miok , Kim Hyeonwoo , Song Youbin , Park Hyunwoong , Yeo Junyeob 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOxygen vacancies (OVs) are a mixed blessing for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation performance of monoclinic tungsten trioxide (m‐WO3) photoanodes. Although it is widely accepted that a moderate concentration of OVs is beneficial for the PEC performance of the m‐WO3 photoanodes, this argument assumes a uniform distribution of OVs throughout the m‐WO3 crystal. In this case, only the overall concentration of OVs needs to be considered. However, the spatial non‐uniformity of OV defects in m‐WO3 photoanodes has not been thoroughly examined. In this study, by employing a m‐WO3 nanorod array as a model photoanode, the aim is to show that a higher OV concentration near the surface of m‐WO3 compared to that in the bulk is advantageous for the PEC performances of this material. In addition, a laser‐assisted defect control (LADC) process is employed to manipulate the spatial distribution of OVs in the m‐WO3 photoanodes to achieve enhanced PEC performances. Moreover, a one‐step laser deposition process is introduced to obtain an ultrathin FeNi oxygen evolution catalyst overlayer on the defect‐controlled m‐WO3 photoanodes, further improving PEC performance, photostability, and Faradaic efficiency.
Heterogeneous Nanodomain Electrolytes for Ultra‐Long‐Life All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Leixin , Luo Dan , Zheng Yun , Yang Tingzhou , Ma Qianyi , Nie Yihang , Dou Haozhen , Zhang Yongguang , Huang Rong , Yu Aiping , Shui Lingling , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes exhibit huge advantages but are hindered by insufficient mechanical strength and ionic conductivity in the applications of all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (ASSLBs). Herein, poly(ether‐block‐amide) (Pebax) strategies to construct heterogeneous nanodomain electrolytes (HNEs) for ultra‐long‐life ASSLBs are introduced. Pebax HNEs forms conductive nanodomains via phase separation, exhibiting interconnected and high Li+ conductive features. Compared with conventional PEO‐based electrolytes, the Pebax HNEs with controllable size and order can facilitate rapid Li+ transport with steerable transport channels, further enhancing the Li+ conductivity and inducing the uniform Li+ deposition. Furthermore, the obtained thin and dense hybrid SEI layer with potent mechanical strength can synergistically suppress the dendrite growth, and the as‐prepared ASSLBs exhibit a satisfactory capacity with a tiny capacity reduction of 0.013% per cycle over 1500 cycles. This work provides a brand‐new insight to construct a conductive structure in electrolytes for high‐performance ASSLBs.
Leveraging Hierarchical Chirality in Perovskite(‐Inspired) Halides for Transformative Device Applications
Authors: Duan Tianwei , Zhou Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChirality is an attribute based on the structural geometry of materials, which confers a distinctive energy band structure for intriguing optical, electronic, and spintronic properties. Recent studies on chirality encountered in perovskite(‐inspired) halides (PiHs) have drawn increasing attention, not only because of the large chemical diversity of PiHs seen at molecular, nanoscopic, and microscopic levels, but also due to the observation of various emergent properties for multifunctional device applications. Herein hierarchical chiral origin factors of PiHs, involving intercalation, substitution, and distortion at the intra‐crystal level; modification at the crystal interface level; and micro‐design beyond the crystal level are first discussed. Then, updated progress in synthesis and characterization methods of chiral PiHs is reviewed, featuring intriguing structures that distinguish chiral PiHs from other semiconductors and chiral materials. Furthermore, representative examples exploiting emergent properties of chiral PiH for achieving versatile device functions are examined. Finally, perspectives on challenges and opportunities in leveraging the chirality in PiHs for transformative device applications are provided.
Genetic diversity of subtropical double‐haploid maize lines selected for high oil content
Authors: Gaytán‐Pinzón Grethel P. , Sandoval‐Castro Eduardo , Peinado‐Fuentes Luis A. , Valenzuela‐Apodaca Juan P. , Cruz‐Mendívil Abraham , Calderón‐Vázquez Carlos L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe inclusion of high‐oil maize germplasm into breeding programs may be an excellent alternative for increasing grain nutritional quality. Knowing the germplasm genetic diversity is crucial for assisting breeding programs. Here, the genetic diversity and population structure of four high‐oil‐content maize (Zea mays L.) populations (Bajio yellow population [BYP], northwestern yellow population [NYP], Bajio white population [BWP], and northwestern white population [NWP]) were analyzed by Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing. Three‐hundred ten double‐haploid (DH) lines were genotyped, and 19,078 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were uniformly detected among populations after filtering by missing data >20% and minor allele frequency ≥0.05. Genetic diversity indexes showed polymorphic information content (PIC) values of 0.346, 0.352, 0.353, and 0.353; observed heterozygosity values of 0.221, 0.194, 0.284, and 0.177; and expected heterozygosity values of 0.188, 0.165, 0.219, and 0.152, for BYP, NYP, BWP, and NWP, respectively. Genetic structure results showed variations in pairwise genetic distance comparisons among the 310 DH lines, ranging from 0.119 to 0.385. Multidimensional scaling analysis and discriminant analysis of principal components grouped the DH lines into three different and five clusters, respectively, based on their origin region and grain color. On the other hand, STRUCTURE analysis revealed the presence of two different groups unrelated to grain color or origin region. The wide genetic variability among the analyzed DH lines highlights their potential to contribute new beneficial alleles into subtropical maize breeding programs and will facilitate the selection of parental lines and the identification of heterotic groups to generate high‐oil maize hybrids.
Recent Advancements in Metal‐catalysts Design for CO2/Epoxide Reactions
Authors: Della Monica Francesco , Capacchione Carmine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarbon dioxide utilization is considered an effective strategy to mitigate the carbon footprint of chemical industry. Among other uses, the incorporation of carbon dioxide into cyclic organic carbonates (COCs) and aliphatic polycarbonates (APCs) has received great attention in the field of homogeneous catalysis. After few decades of research activity, a wide range of metal‐based catalytic systems has been reported to promote this reaction. Nonetheless, a better comprehension of the apparently simple reaction mechanism of such transformations has been reached only in recent years. This, in turn, allowed for the design of new catalytic systems guided by a clearer mechanistic picture. In this review, we present the most recent advancements in this field, distinguishing between catalysts for COCs and APCs production classified on the bases of their ligand structures.
Effect of Meso‐Thienyl and Meso‐Furyl Groups on the Electronic Properties of Aromatic 14π Triphyrin(2.1.1)s
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA series of triphyrin(2.1.1)s containing five membered heterocycles such as thienyl and furyl groups in place of six membered aryl groups at two or four meso‐positions were synthesized by [2+1] condensation of appropriate dipyrroethene diols with pyrrole under acid catalyzed conditions. The meso‐thienyl and meso‐furyl triphyrin(2.1.1)s were characterized and studied by HR‐MS, 1D & 2D NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, absorption, cyclic voltammetry and DFT/TD‐DFT studies. The X‐ray structure obtained for one of the meso‐thienyl trirphyrins indicated that the macrocycle was nearly planar and showed strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The spectral and electrochemical studies revealed that in meso‐thienyl and meso‐furyl triphyrin(2.1.1)s, the resonances of triphyrin core protons downfield shifted in 1H NMR, the absorption bands bathochromically shifted and redox potentials shifted cathodically and anodically compared to meso‐tetra(p‐tolyl) triphyrin(2.1.1). These observations indicated that the thienyl/furyl groups at meso‐positions alter the electronic properties of triphyrin(2.1.1)s significantly and the maximum effects were noted in meso‐tetra(2‐thienyl) triphyrin(2.1.1) and meso‐tetra(2‐furyl) triphyrin(2.1.1)s. The DFT and TD‐DFT studies corroborated experimental observations.
RETRACTED: Auditory perceptual learning in autistic adults
Authors: Alispahic Samra , Pellicano Elizabeth , Cutler Anne , Antoniou Mark 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe automatic retuning of phoneme categories to better adapt to the speech of a novel talker has been extensively documented across various (neurotypical) populations, including both adults and children. However, no studies have examined auditory perceptual learning effects in populations atypical in perceptual, social, and language processing for communication, such as populations with autism. Employing a classic lexically‐guided perceptual learning paradigm, the present study investigated perceptual learning effects in Australian English autistic and non‐autistic adults. The findings revealed that automatic attunement to existing phoneme categories was not activated in the autistic group in the same manner as for non‐autistic control subjects. Specifically, autistic adults were able to both successfully discern lexical items and to categorize speech sounds; however, they did not show effects of perceptual retuning to talkers. These findings may have implications for the application of current sensory theories (e.g., Bayesian decision theory) to speech and language processing by autistic individuals.Lay SummaryLexically guided perceptual learning assists in the disambiguation of speech from a novel talker. The present study established that while Australian English autistic adult listeners were able to successfully discern lexical items and categorize speech sounds in their native language, perceptual flexibility in updating speaker‐specific phonemic knowledge when exposed to a novel talker was not available. Implications for speech and language processing by autistic individuals as well as current sensory theories are discussed.
Mechanisms exploration of terrestrosin D on pulmonary fibrosis based on plasma metabolomics and network pharmacology
Authors: Yang Xuemiao , Zhao Guojun , Bo Yukun , Yang Dan , Dong Zhiqiang , Wu Guodong , Xu Nanbing , An Ming , Zhao Longshan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTerrestrosin D (TED) is the active ingredient of Tribulus terrestris L., which is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations and has a wide range of pharmacological activities. A previous study showed that TED alleviated bleomycin (BLM)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of TED are still unclear and need further investigation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of TED in a mice of BLM‐induced PF in terms of histopathological and biochemical indices. UHPLC–MS‐based plasma metabolomics combined with network pharmacology was used to explore the pathological basis of PF and the mechanism of action of TED. Histological and biochemical analyses showed that TED mitigated inflammatory injury in the lungs, especially at the dosage of 20 mg/kg. Furthermore, BLM changed the plasma metabolite profile in the mice, which was reversed by TED via regulation of amino acid and lipid metabolism. Subsequently, a biomarkers‐targets‐disease network was constructed, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 were identified as the putative therapeutic targets of TED. Both factors were quantitatively analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Taken together, the combination of UHPLC–MS‐based metabolomics and network pharmacology can unveil the mechanisms of diseases and drug action.
New Opportunities for the Utilization of the Sulfoximine Group in Medicinal Chemistry from the Drug Designer's Perspective**
Authors: Lücking Ulrich 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtension of the medicinal chemistry toolbox is in the vital interest of drug designers. However, the diffusion of an innovation can be a lengthy process. Along these lines, it took almost 70 years before the use of the sulfoximine group reached a critical mass in medicinal chemistry. Even though interest in this versatile functional group has increased exponentially in recent years, there is ample room for further innovative applications. This Review highlights emerging trends and opportunities for drug designers for the utilization of the sulfoximine group in medicinal chemistry, such as in the construction of complex molecules, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) and novel warheads for covalent inhibition.
Clinical implications of the universal definition for the prevention and treatment of heart failure
Authors: Chandramouli Chanchal , Stewart Simon , Almahmeed Wael , Lam Carolyn Su Ping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe diagnosis of heart failure (HF) primarily relies on signs and symptoms that are neither sensitive nor specific. This impedes timely diagnosis and delays effective therapies or interventions, despite the availability of several evidence‐based treatments for HF. Through monumental collaborative efforts from representatives of HF societies worldwide, the universal definition of HF was published in 2021, to provide the necessary standardized framework required for clinical management, clinical trials, and research. This review elaborates the key concepts of the new universal definition of HF, highlighting the key merits and potential avenues, which can be nuanced further in future iterations. We also discuss the key implications of the universal definition document from the perspectives of various stakeholders within the healthcare framework, including patients, care providers, system/payers and policymakers.
The impact of health insurance coverage on racial/ethnic disparities in US childhood and adolescent cancer stage at diagnosis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Brown Derek S. , Cao Yin , Ekenga Christine C. , Guo Shenyang , Johnson Kimberly J. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundRacial/ethnic minority children and adolescents are more likely to have an advanced cancer diagnosis compared with non‐Hispanic Whites, which may relate to the lack of consistent health care access. This study aims to describe racial/ethnic disparities in cancer diagnosis stage among children and adolescents and assess whether health insurance mediates these disparities.MethodsData on individuals ≤19 years of age diagnosed with primary cancers from 2007 to 2016 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between race/ethnicity and cancer diagnosis stage were calculated using Poisson regression. Analyses addressing health insurance as a potential mediator were also performed.ResultsCompared with non‐Hispanic Whites, racial/ethnic minorities had a higher prevalence of a distant cancer diagnosis, with PRs of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.23–1.40) for non‐Hispanic Blacks, 1.14 (95% CI, 1.04–1.24) for non‐Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders, and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.09–1.21) for Hispanics. These associations were attenuated when adjusting for health insurance, with PRs of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.16–1.33) for non‐Hispanic Blacks, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02–1.21) for non‐Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders, and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01–1.13) for Hispanics. Any Medicaid or no insurance at diagnosis mediated 49%, 22%, and 9% of the observed association with distant stage in Hispanics, non‐Hispanic Blacks, and non‐Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders, respectively.ConclusionsDisparities in cancer diagnosis stage in racial/ethnic minority children and adolescents may be partially explained by health insurance coverage. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms.