bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China's goal of achieving carbon neutrality before 2060: experts explain how
Authors: Zhao Weijie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
‘We aim to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060,’ President Xi Jinping so declared at the General Debate of the 75th United Nations General Assembly on 22 September 2020. More than 130 countries globally have proposed their own carbon neutrality goals by 2050 or 2060. Thus, carbon neutrality is a collective effort of human societies to cope with the climate crisis. If all countries could follow their own plans and reach carbon neutrality in a few decades, we may have a chance to control global warming within 1.5 or 2oC, confining climate change to a relatively safe zone. As a developing country with a large population, high coal consumption and large manufacturing industries, can China achieve the huge task of societal transformation that will enable carbon peaking and carbon neutrality within the next four decades? How will China transform traditional power generation and manufacturing industries, as well as create new technologies for carbon capture and storage? In this panel discussion chaired by Prof. Xinhe Bao, a scientist of energy and chemistry, top experts gathered to discuss the challenges and potential solutions, outlining the coming ‘green industrial revolution’.
Huiming Cheng

Professor, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhengtang Guo

Professor, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yaling He

Professor, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University
Zheng Li

Professor, Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University
Minggao Ouyang

Professor, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University
Zhengrong Shi

Professor, College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power
Zaiku Xie

Professor, China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (SINOPEC)
Xinhe Bao (Chair)

Professor, University of Science and Technology of China, and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Tool-use Extends Peripersonal Space Boundaries in Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Ferroni Francesca , Ardizzi Martina , Magnani Francesca , Ferri Francesca , Langiulli Nunzio , Rastelli Francesca , Lucarini Valeria , Giustozzi Francesca , Volpe Roberto , Marchesi Carlo , Tonna Matteo , Gallese Vittorio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
A primary disruption of the bodily self is considered a core feature of schizophrenia (SCZ). The “disembodied” self might be underpinned by inefficient body-related multisensory integration processes, normally occurring in the peripersonal space (PPS), a plastic sector of space surrounding the body whose extent is altered in SCZ. Although PPS is a malleable interface marking the perceptual border between self and others, no study has addressed the potential alteration of its plasticity in SCZ. We investigated the plasticity of PPS in SCZ patients after a motor training with a tool in the far space.

Study Design
Twenty-seven SCZ patients and 32 healthy controls (HC) underwent an audio-tactile task to estimate PPS boundary before (Session 1) and after (Session 3) the tool-use. Parameters of PPS, including the size and the slope of the psychometric function describing audio-tactile RTs as a function of the audio-tactile distances, were estimated.

Study Results
Results confirm a narrow PPS extent in SCZ. Surprisingly, we found PPS expansion in both groups, thus showing for the first time a preserved PPS plasticity in SCZ. Patients experienced a weaker differentiation from others, as indicated by a shallower PPS slope at Session 1 that correlated positively with negative symptoms. However, at Session 3, patients marked their bodily boundary in a steeper way, suggesting a sharper demarcation of PPS boundaries after the action with the tool.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the importance of investigating the multisensory and motor roots of self-disorders, paving the way for future body-centred rehabilitation interventions that could improve patients’ altered body boundary.
“This Patriarchal, Machista and Unequal Culture of Ours”: Obstacles to Confronting Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
Authors: Kreft Anne-Kathrin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Prior research has established that conflict-related sexual violence against women is anchored in patriarchal norms and practices that assert gendered hierarchies. What remains relatively underresearched, however, is how patriarchal structures shape individual, social, and institutional responses to conflict-related sexual violence and its victims. This article sets out to shed light on this question, identifying different social and institutional processes that impede efforts to confront conflict-related sexual violence. The analysis of interviews with Colombian civil society activists illustrates how patriarchal norms and practices normalize sexual violence in society, but also ostracize, stigmatize, and ultimately seek to silence its victims. This risks obliterating conflict-related sexual violence from the political map and severely undermines the pursuit of justice. Power imbalances disadvantaging and further marginalizing the victims permeate these processes. Civil society organizations play an important role in reclaiming power for the victims, by overcoming disabling silences, making sexual violence visible, and confronting harmful patriarchal practices.
Penile Chylorrhea as a Rare Presentation of Penile Lymphangioma Circumscriptum Reconstructed with Deep External Pudendal Artery Perforator Flap
Authors: Abd Al-Moktader Magdy A. , Ayad Wael , Zayid Tarek , Ouf Mohamed Osama , Youssif Sherif Hamdeno , Dahshan Hazem , Shoulkami Khalad , Khalifa Mohamed Hosny 
Published: June 2022

Summary:
Chylorrhea, a chylous (white viscid) discharge from the external urethral penile opening, is unrelated to urination and is a rare presentation of lymphangioma circumscriptum in the penis that can significantly impair a patient’s quality of life and psychological well-being. Herein, we present a case of recurrent chylorrhea that was detected using diagnostic tools and treated using the deep external pudendal artery perforator flap in the inner thigh, which is extremely rich in lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.
Characterization of Eosinophilic Esophagitis From the European Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Registry (pEEr) of ESPGHAN
Authors: Oliva Salvatore , Dias Jorge Amil , Rea Francesca , Malamisura Monica , Espinheira Maria Céu , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Koutri Eleni , Rossetti Danilo , Orel Rok , Homan Matjaž , Bauraind Olivia , Auth Marcus Karl-Heinz , Junquera Carolina Gutierrez , Vande Velde Saskia , Kori Michal , Huysentruyt Koen , Urbonas Vaidotas , Roma Eleftheria , Fernández Sonia Fernández , Domínguez-Ortega Gloria , Zifman Eyal , Kafritsa Panayota , Miele Erasmo , Zevit Noam ,   on behalf of the ESPGHAN EGID Working Group
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
Few pediatric data on phenotypic aspects of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are available. The pEEr registry was developed to prospectively characterize children with EoE from Europe and Israel.

Methods:
pEEr is an ongoing prospective registry enrolling children with esophageal eosinophilia (≥15 eos/HPF). Anonymized data were collected from 19 pediatric centers. Data regarding demographics, clinical manifestations, endoscopy, histology, and therapies were collected.

Results:
A total of 582 subjects (61% male) were analyzed. The median age at diagnosis was 10.5 years [interquartile range (IQR): 5.7–17.7], whereas the age at symptom onset was 9.2 years (IQR: 4.3–16.4), resulting in a median diagnostic delay of 1.2 years (IQR: 0.7–2.3). The diagnostic delay was longer below age <6 years. Shorter diagnostic delays were associated with the presence of food allergy or a family history for EoE. Symptoms varied by age with dysphagia and food impaction more common in adolescents, while vomiting and failure to thrive more common in younger children (P < 0.001). Among endoscopic findings, esophageal rings were more common in adolescents, whereas exudates were more frequent in younger children(P < 0.001). Patients who responded to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were more likely to be older, males, and less often presented severe endoscopic findings. Patients unresponsive to PPIs received topical steroids (40%), elimination diet (41%), or a combined therapy (19%).

Conclusions:
EoE findings vary according to age in pediatric EoE. Young children are commonly characterized by non-specific symptoms, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and inflammatory endoscopic lesions. Adolescents usually have dysphagia or food impaction, fibrostenotic lesions, and a better PPI response.
A Conversation Between Past and Present Chairs of the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Ditunno John F. , Cohen B. Stanley , Melvin John L. , DeLisa Joel A. , Walsh Nicolas E. , Turk Margaret A. , Matthews Dennis J. , Massagli Teresa L. , Kowalske Karen J. , Chiodo Anthony E. , McDeavitt James T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
On the 75th anniversary of the founding of the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 11 of the surviving chairs of the board convened virtually to reflect on the past 40 years of major trends for the accrediting body of physiatrists. The field rapidly expanded in the 1980s, driven by changes in the reimbursement environment. This rapid expansion drove an improvement in the caliber of residents choosing the field and in the quality of training programs. As physical medicine and rehabilitation evolved from a small- to medium-sized specialty, the board addressed many challenges: securing a credible position within the American Board of Medical Specialties; addressing a rising demand for subspecialty certification; improving training and exposure to physiatry; enhancing the quality of the accreditation process; and reducing the burden of accreditation on diplomates. The future development of physiatry includes improving diversity, equity, and inclusion, while restoring provider morale, well-being, and meaningfulness in work. Although challenges remain, physiatry as a field has grown to be well established through the board’s efforts and respected within the larger medical community.
Clinical Outcomes and Effectiveness of Heart Transplantation in Patients With Systemic Light-chain Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Jeong Hyehyun , Hwang Inhwan , Kim Jwa Hoon , Cho Hyungwoo , Kim Min-Seok , Lee Sang Eun , Choi Hyo-In , Jung Sung-Ho , Lee Jae Won , Yun Tae-Jin , Park Jeong-Jun , Kim Miyoung , Go Heounjeong , Park Chan Sik , Yoon Dok Hyun , Kim Jae-Joong 
Published: June 2022

Background.
In systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, cardiac involvement is a major determinant of survival; however, cardiac response is limited even after systemic treatment in a majority of patients, and some require heart transplantation. Additionally, limited information is available on specific indications for heart transplantation. We aimed to explore clinical outcomes of cardiac amyloidosis and its association with heart transplantation, including identifying factors favoring heart transplantation amenability.

Methods.
We retrospectively analyzed data from patients diagnosed with AL amyloidosis with cardiac involvement between January 2007 and December 2020 at a tertiary referral center.

Results.
Among 73 patients, 72 (99%) received systemic treatment, and 12 (16%) underwent heart transplantation. Characteristics at diagnosis were similar between heart transplant recipients and nonrecipients, although left ventricular ejection fraction tended to be lower in recipients (median 48% versus 57%, P = 0.085). Eight weeks after systemic treatment, 67% and 12% of patients achieved hematologic and brain natriuretic peptide responses. Overall survival was longer among heart transplantation recipients than nonrecipients, with 5-y survival rates of 61.1% (95% confidence interval, 25.5%-83.8%) versus 32.0% (95% confidence interval, 20.3%-44.4%; P = 0.022), respectively. Among the 34 with identifiable causes of death out of 51 deaths, 21 nonrecipients (62%) died of cardiac problems compared with none in the heart transplant recipients. Additionally, survival outcomes favored heart transplant recipients in most subgroups, including patients with higher Mayo 2004 European stage at diagnosis and with extracardiac involvement of amyloidosis.

Conclusions.
Heart transplantation can achieve long-term survival in appropriately selected patients with AL cardiac amyloidosis.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine combined with EGFR-TKIs in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Su Shanyang , Huang Yanling , Li Wenjia , Lu Xiang , Chen Xiaowan , Zhou Jihong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionEGFR-TKIs have been shown in multiple clinical trials to be effective in first-line therapy, but acquired resistance is inevitable regardless of the recent effect. EGFR-TKIs combined with TCM comprehensive therapy have shown unique effects in clinical randomized trials to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy and gene-targeted drugs, reduce their adverse reactions, reduce the chance of recurrence and metastasis, enhance the immune recognition and killing of lung cancer cells, and reverse the multi-drug resistance of lung cancer cells. Therefore, our study aims to clarify the clinical efficacy, safety and benefit of EGFR-TKIs combined with TCM in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Methods and AnalysisWe will search four international electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science) and four Chinese electronic databases (CNKI, VIP, WanFang, China Biology Medicine) to retrieve relevant literature. We only included studies from launch until publication in May 2022. The primary outcomes will include the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours、 progression-free survival and effectiveness rate。 Secondary outcomes will include Karnofsky functional status scale, 1-year survival rate, and grading scale for common toxicities of anticancer drugs(WHO). Two reviewers will conduct independent research selection, data extraction, data synthesis and quality assessment. The assessment of bias risk and data synthesis will be conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software. Improved Jadad scale will be used to evaluate the quality of evidence.Ethics and DisseminationBecause this systematic review will be conducted based on published research, there is no ethical approval requirement. The findings of this systematic review will be published in a peerreviewed journal.
In silico, in vitro, and in vivo models reveal EPHA2 as a target for decreasing inflammation and pathological endochondral ossification in osteoarthritis
Authors: Ferrao Blanco Mauricio N. , Lesage Raphaelle , Kops Nicole , Fahy Niamh , Bekedam Fjodor T. , Chavli Athina , Bastiaansen-Jenniskens Yvonne M. , Geris Liesbet , Chambers Mark G. , Pitsillides Andrew A. , Narcisi Roberto , van Osch Gerjo J.V.M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLow-grade inflammation and pathological endochondral ossification are processes underlying the progression of osteoarthritis, the most prevalent joint disease worldwide. In this study, data mining on publicly available transcriptomic datasets revealed EPHA2, a receptor tyrosine kinase associated with cancer, to be associated with both inflammation and endochondral ossification in osteoarthritis. A computational model of cellular signaling networks in chondrocytes predicted that in silico activation of EPHA2 in healthy chondrocytes increases inflammatory mediators and triggers hypertrophic differentiation, the phenotypic switch characteristic of endochondral ossification. We then evaluated the effect of inhibition of EPHA2 in cultured human chondrocytes isolated from individuals with osteoarthritis and demonstrated that inhibition of EPHA2 indeed reduced inflammation and hypertrophy. Additionally, systemic subcutaneous administration of the EPHA2 inhibitor ALW-II-41-27 attenuated joint degeneration in a mouse osteoarthritic model, reducing local inflammation and pathological endochondral ossification. Collectively, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of EPHA2 with ALW-II-41-27 is a promising disease-modifying treatment that paves the way for a novel drug discovery pipeline for osteoarthritis.
Closed-loop control and recalibration of place cells by optic flow
Authors: Madhav Manu S. , Jayakumar Ravikrishnan P. , Li Brian , Savelli Francesco , Knierim James J. , Cowan Noah J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the interplay between sensory input, endogenous neural dynamics, and behavioral output is key toward understanding the principles of neural computation. Hippocampal place cells are an ideal system to investigate this closed-loop interaction, as they are influenced by both self-motion (idiothetic) signals and by external sensory landmarks as an animal navigates its environment1–9. To continuously update a position signal on an internal “cognitive map”, the hippocampal system integrates self-motion signals over time10,11. In the absence of stable, external landmarks, however, these spatial correlates of neuronal activity can quickly accumulate error and cause the internal representation of position or direction to drift relative to the external environment1,5. We have previously demonstrated that, in addition to their known roles in preventing and/or correcting path-integration error, external landmarks can be used as a putative teaching signal to recalibrate the gain of the path integration system6. However, it remains unclear whether idiothetic cues, such as optic flow, exert sufficient influence on the cognitive map to enable recalibration of path integration, or if instead an unambiguous allocentric frame of reference, anchored by polarizing landmark information, is essential for path integration recalibration. Here, we use principles of control theory12,13 to demonstrate systematic control of place fields by pure optic flow information in freely moving animals by using a neurally closed-loop virtual reality system that adjusts optic flow speed as a function of real-time decoding of the hippocampal spatial map. Using this “cognitive clamp”, we show that we can not only bring the updating of the map under control of the optic flow cues but we can also elicit recalibration of path integration. This finding demonstrates that the brain continuously rebalances the influence of conflicting idiothetic cues to fine-tune the neural dynamics of path integration, and that this recalibration process does not require a top-down, unambiguous position signal from landmarks.
Real-time imaging of mitochondrial redox reveals increased mitochondrial oxidative stress associated with amyloid β aggregatesin vivoin a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Calvo-Rodriguez Maria , Kharitonova Elizabeth K. , Snyder Austin C. , Hou Steven S. , Sanchez-Mico Maria Virtudes , Das Sudeshna , Fan Zhanyun , Shirani Hamid , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Serrano-Pozo Alberto , Bacskai Brian J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundReactive oxidative stress is a critical player in the amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity that contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mitochondrial damage, observed in AD, is one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species. Although Aβ causes neuronal mitochondria-associated reactive oxidative stressin vitro, this has never been directly observed in thein vivoliving brain. Here, we tested whether Aβ plaques and soluble oligomers induce mitochondrial oxidative stress in surrounding neuronsin vivo, and whether the neurotoxic effect can be abrogated using mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants.MethodsWe expressed a genetically encoded fluorescent ratiometric mitochondria-targeted reporter of oxidative stress in mouse models of the disease, and performed intravital multiphoton microscopy of neuronal mitochondria and Aβ plaques.ResultsFor the first time, we demonstrated by direct observation exacerbated mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurons after both Aβ plaque deposition and direct application of soluble oligomeric Aβ onto the brain, and determined the most likely pathological sequence of events leading to oxidative stressin vivo. Oxidative stress could be inhibited by both blocking calcium influx into mitochondria and treating with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS31.ConclusionsConsidering these results, mitochondria-targeted compounds hold promise as neuroprotective drugs for the prevention and/or treatment of AD.
Assessment of SLC25A46 variants in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Liu Hui , Dehestani Mohammad , Makarious Mary B. , Bandres-Ciga Sara , Gasser Thomas , Kim Jonggeol J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe SLC25A46 gene was recently reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we comprehensively investigated the role of SLC25A46 variants in PD patients of European ancestry and assessed susceptibility using whole-genome sequencing data from 1647 patients with PD and 1050 healthy controls. Burden analysis of rare non-synonymous variants across case-control individuals from whole-genome data did not find evidence of SLC25A46 association with PD. Therefore, our results do not support a major role for SLC25A46 in PD in the European population and large-scale sequencing studies of family trios are necessary to further evaluate the role of SLC25A46 in PD etiology.