bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with generalized anxiety disorder: assessing COVID-19 media source exposure and behaviour changes
Authors: Alphonsus K. B. , Abayateye F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in social distancing, lockdowns, and increase in media posts has taken a toll on the mental health of many people especially those living with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). The main objective of this study is to understand whether the source of information people use to receive information about COVID-19 and increase or decrease in personal weekly habits during the pandemic were associated with severity of GAD.

Methods
This study was a cross sectional design and was based on data from Canada. The Canadian Perspective Survey Series (CPSS) 4, 2020: Information Sourced Consulted During the Pandemic was used for the study. The outcome variable was severity of GAD. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out using STATA IC 13.

Results
Severity of GAD was significantly associated with being a female, the type of information source used to find out about COVID-19 and change in weekly habits (consuming alcohol, consuming cannabis spending time on the internet and eating junk foods or sweets).

Conclusion
The results indicate that getting information from credible sources about the pandemic, staying connected with family and friends, seeking virtual mental health services, and learning positive coping strategies can help reduce the severity of GAD.
Identifying vertebral fractures in the Japanese population using the trabecular bone score: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Omichi Yasuyuki , Mima Noriaki , Okada Ryo , Wada Keizo , Morimoto Masatoshi , Sairyo Koichi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe trabecular bone score (TBS) is reported to be an independent predictor of fracture risk in patients with primary or secondary osteoporosis. However, there have been few reports on its use in the Japanese population. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for vertebral fracture in the Japanese population and to evaluate the usefulness of TBS.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 279 patients aged 60–90 years in whom bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). TBS was calculated based on the DXA scans. The presence or absence of vertebral fractures was assessed from T11 to L5. The patients were divided into those with vertebral fractures (VF group, n = 104) and those without vertebral fractures (non-VF group, n = 175).ResultsOf the 104 patients in the VF group, 75 had 1 vertebral fracture and 29 had 2 or more fractures. The mean TBS was 1.28 in the VF group and 1.35 in the non-VF group (p < 0.001). The mean BMD values at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were lower in the VF group (p < 0.001). The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for incidence of vertebral fractures were 0.700, 0.737, and 0.689 for TBS, lumbar spine BMD, and femoral neck BMD, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified lumbar spine BMD, TBS, and female sex as significant risk factors for vertebral fractures. The proportion of patients in the group with osteoporosis or osteopenia who had vertebral fractures was higher in those with a low TBS (≤ 1.23) than in those with a non-low TBS (> 1.23).ConclusionTBS was a significant indicator of vertebral fractures in the Japanese population and might contribute to identifying patients with vertebral fractures, particularly those with osteopenia who need pharmacologic therapy.
The effect of combined maxillary pad movable appliance and FR-III functional appliance in the treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion of deciduous teeth
Authors: Lyu Lihua , Lin Huidong , Huang Hua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the therapeutic effect of maxillary pad movable appliance combined with FR-III functional appliance in treating skeletal Class III malocclusion of deciduous teeth and provide a reference for optimizing clinical treatment methods.

Methods
A total of 30 pediatric patients were randomly selected between April 2012 and April 2019. They were in stage IIA osseous skeletal Class III malocclusion, treated with maxillary pad movable appliance to relieve the reverse, combined with FR-III functional appliance to maintain a median relationship to stage IIIA. A self-control study of children before and after treatment was used, and paired t-test was used to evaluate the changes in the measurement indexes of the IIA and IIIA stage X-rays and changes in the bone and soft tissue profiles.

Results
After 3 years of treatment, SNA, ANB, and NA-PA in the sagittal osteofacial index of the jawbones increased, SNB decreased, and the Y-axis angle in the vertical index of the jawbones increased. U1-SN, U1-NA, U1-NA distance, L1-MP, L1-NB, and L1-NB distance in the index of labial inclination of upper and lower central incisors increased, while U1-L1 decreased. The sagittal anomalies of the jawbones were improved, and there were significant differences before and after treatment (P < 0.05). FCA, ULP, and UL-EP increased, soft-tissue facial prominence and facial height increased, and the relationship between the upper lip and the aesthetic plane was harmonious. None of the 30 children with skeletal Class III malocclusion in the deciduous stage experienced recurrence in stage IIIA.

Conclusions
Combined treatment with the maxillary pad movable appliance and the FR-III functional appliance is suitable for children with skeletal Class III malocclusion in the deciduous stage.
Effectiveness of a self-management mobile app on the quality of life of women with breast cancer: a study in a developing country
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Zahra , Eghtedar Samereh , Ayatollahi Haleh , Jebraeily Mohamad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Self-management involves taking responsibility for personal health and taking the initiative to do so. This can be accomplished by learning information and skills that will help consider the difficulties may encounter during and after cancer treatment. With this perspective, we have aimed to develop a self-management mobile app for women with breast cancer in Iran and evaluate its impact on the quality of life of patients.

Method
This study is a methodological study in 2021. We developed the app during three phases. The first phase aimed at identifying educational content and designing user experience, the second phase aimed at developing and implementing the app, and the third phase aimed at evaluating pre-and post-implementation.

Result
In this study, an Android app for self-management women with breast cancer was developed. According to the results of the pre-and post-implementations among the most significant changes were in the quality of life level, highest respectively: social avoidance (Pre: 6.41–Post: 3.56), negative feelings (Pre: 5.93 - Post: 3.40), sexual function (Pre: 6.80 - Post: 5.04), sexual interest (Pre: 6.41 - Post: 4.75) and pain (Pre: 6.37 - Post: 4.97). And least the changes respectively: distress-family (Pre: 7 - Post: 7), distress-recurrence (Pre: 4.49 - Post: 4.38), benefits (Pre: 2.47 - Post: 3.12), appearance (Pre: 4.10 - Post: 3.32). Also, we calculated the usability evaluation of this app with the system usability scale (SUS); the overall rating score was 83/100, an excellent level (> 80.3), and a grade A.

Conclusion
The study shows that a breast cancer self-management app can support and improve the quality of life of women with breast cancer. We conducted this study to show that by developing a self-management app, women with breast cancer can improve their quality of life, − by increasing their self-management skills.
Effect of mobile-based self-management application on stroke outcomes: a study protocol for triple blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tadayon Hamidreza , Farzandipour Mehrdad , Nabovati Ehsan , Akbari Hossein , Masoud Seyed Ali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Stroke is the main leading cause of long-term disabilities in the world. This protocol will be implemented for a study to evaluate the effects of an Android-based self-care application on patients with stroke.

Methods
The first stage will include the development of an android-based application using JAVA programming language for developing the user interface and ASP.NET Core for developing Web server. The second stage will be conducted using triple blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT). The sample size will include 60 patients with recent stroke and partial paralysis of limbs, who will be divided into two groups of intervention and control through permuted block randomization method. Patients in both groups will receive usual medical care, but those in the intervention group will also use an Android-based application for a period of two months. Outcomes will be assessed using valid and reliable questionnaires.

Discussion
The assessed outcomes will include stroke severity using National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, ability to perform activities of daily living using Barthel Index (BI) score, depression rate using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) score, quality of life using EQ-5D-3L score, medication adherence using Modified Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) score, patient satisfaction using Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) score and the number and type of complications in patients in two groups. These outcomes will be assessed at baseline, after two months and after three months from the beginning of the intervention. Intervention effects on the measured variables will also be evaluated using appropriate statistical tests based on the type of variable distribution. Potential consequences of the study might be the improvement of the measured variables in the intervention group compared to that of the control group. The expected results are that the intervention may significantly improve the status of the measured variables in the intervention group compared to that of the control group. If the outcomes of the intervention group do not change significantly compared to those of the control group, it can be due to different reasons. However, this can most likely be attributed to incorrect or insufficient use of the application by patients.
Trial registration: This protocol is registered in the Iranian registration of clinical trial (IRCT) on November 7, 2020 with the code IRCT20201015049037N1. URL: https://irct.ir/trial/51674
Designing synthetic consortia of Trichoderma strains that improve antagonistic activities against pathogens and cucumber seedling growth
Authors: Hao Dazhi , Lang Bo , Wang Yongkun , Wang Xinhua , Liu Tong , Chen Jie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Trichoderma spp. are important agricultural biocontrol microorganisms that are often used as effective components of microbial fungicides and microbial biofertilizers. However, most of these products are prepared by a single strain in monoculture, which significantly limits the biocontrol efficiency and stability of Trichoderma products. Therefore, the establishment of a design and screening approach for consortia with multi-Trichoderma strains for co-culture is of great importance to overcome the shortage of traditional Trichoderma biocontrol products.

Results
First, 15 Trichoderma strains were screened in terms of mycelium growth rate, antagonistic activity to a variety of pathogens, stress tolerance to high temperature and salt stress, and cucumber seedling growth promotion level. Then, the combinations of Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009 (CGMCC NO. 9512), Trichoderma asperelloides Z4-1 (CGMCC NO. 40245), Trichoderma harzianum 10569 (CGMCC NO. 40246), and T. asperellum 10264 (CGMCC NO. 22404) were finally screened as an optimal consortium for co-culture underlying the levels of plant growth-promoting and antagonistic activity to Fusarium oxysporum and seed germination promotion relative to the monoculture of a single strain. Consortia with multiple co-cultured strains were found to generate larger amounts of free amino acids than those from the monoculture of a single strain, and a pot assay also indicated that metabolites of co-cultures were able to promote cucumber seedling growth superior to that with monoculture of a single strain, even though the promotion was better than from simply mixed cultures from each of the four Trichoderma strains. Taken together, the co-culture consortia composed of the four compatible interactive Trichoderma strains was a potential novel multiple strain biocontrol agent based on the combination of synthetic consortia design and co-culture. In the field experiment, we found that the growth-promoting effect of the co-culture fermentation filtrate was better than that of the single culture fermentation filtrate. Compared with T-Z4-1, T-1009, T-10264 and T-10569, the plant height of cucumber was increased by 22.99%, 42.06%, 24.18% and 30.09%, respectively, and the stem diameter was increased by 16.59%, 18.83%, 13.65% and 14.70%, respectively.

Conclusion
An approach to designing and screening Trichoderma consortia for co-culture was established. The consortia co-culture presented a better performance in antagonistic activity and cucumber growth compared with a monoculture of a single strain. Thus, it is of great significance to lay the foundation for the creation of a novel Trichoderma biofungicide or biomanure to resist cucumber Fusarium wilt and promote cucumber growth.
A split influenza vaccine formulated with a combination adjuvant composed of alpha-d-glucan nanoparticles and a STING agonist elicits cross-protective immunity in pigs
Authors: Patil V. , Hernandez-Franco J. F. , Yadagiri G. , Bugybayeva D. , Dolatyabi S. , Feliciano-Ruiz N. , Schrock J. , Hanson J. , Ngunjiri J. , HogenEsch H. , Renukaradhya G. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Swine influenza A viruses (SwIAVs) pose an economic and pandemic threat, and development of novel effective vaccines is of critical significance. We evaluated the performance of split swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) H1N2 antigens with a plant-derived nanoparticle adjuvant alone (Nano-11) [Nano11-SwIAV] or in combination with the synthetic stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist ADU-S100 (NanoS100-SwIAV). Specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs were vaccinated twice via intramuscular (IM) or intradermal (ID) routes and challenged with a virulent heterologous SwIAV H1N1-OH7 virus.

Results
Animals vaccinated IM or ID with NanoS100-SwIAV had significantly increased cross-reactive IgG and IgA titers in serum, nasal secretion and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at day post challenge 6 (DPC6). Furthermore, NanoS100-SwIAV ID vaccinates, even at half the vaccine dose compared to their IM vaccinated counterparts, had significantly increased frequencies of CXCL10+ myeloid cells in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN), and IFNγ+ effector memory T-helper/memory cells, IL-17A+ total T-helper/memory cells, central and effector memory T-helper/memory cells, IL-17A+ total cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), and early effector CTLs in blood compared with the Nano11-SwIAV group demonstrating a potential dose-sparing effect and induction of a strong IL-17A+ T-helper/memory (Th17) response in the periphery. However, the frequencies of IFNγ+ late effector CTLs and effector memory T-helper/memory cells, IL-17A+ total CTLs, late effector CTLs, and CXCL10+ myeloid cells in blood, as well as lung CXCL10+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells were increased in NanoS100-SwIAV IM vaccinated pigs. Increased expression of IL-4 and IL-6 mRNA was observed in TBLN of Nano-11 based IM vaccinates following challenge. Furthermore, the challenge virus load in the lungs and nasal passage was undetectable in NanoS100-SwIAV IM vaccinates by DPC6 along with reduced macroscopic lung lesions and significantly higher virus neutralization titers in lungs at DPC6. However, NanoS100-SwIAV ID vaccinates exhibited significant reduction of challenge virus titers in nasal passages and a remarkable reduction of challenge virus in lungs.

Conclusions
Despite vast genetic difference (77% HA gene identity) between the H1N2 and H1N1 SwIAV, the NanoS100 adjuvanted vaccine elicited cross protective cell mediated immune responses, suggesting the potential role of this combination adjuvant in inducing cross-protective immunity in pigs.

Graphical Abstract
Cytomegalovirus infection reduced CD70 expression, signaling and expansion of viral specific memory CD8+ T cells in healthy human adults
Authors: Lu Jian , Chen Guobing , Sorokina Arina , Nguyen Thomas , Wallace Tonya , Nguyen Cuong , Dunn Christopher , Wang Stephanie , Ellis Samantha , Shi Guixin , McKelvey Julia , Sharov Alexei , Liu Yu-Tsueng , Schneck Jonathan , Weng Nan-ping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection leads to effector memory CD8+ T cell expansion and is associated with immune dysfunction in older adults. However, the molecular alterations of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells in CMV infected healthy young and middle-aged adults has not been fully characterized.

Results
We compared CD8+ T cells specific for a CMV epitope (pp65495-503, NLV) and an influenza A virus (IAV) epitope (M158-66, GIL) from the same young and middle-aged healthy adults with serum positive for anti-CMV IgG. Compared to the IAV-specific CD8+ T cells, CMV-specific CD8+ T cells contained more differentiated effector memory (TEM and TEMRA) cells. Isolated CMV-specific central memory (TCM) but not naïve (TN) cells had a significant reduced activation-induced expansion in vitro compared to their IAV-specific counterparts. Furthermore, we found that CD70 expression was reduced in CMV-specific CD28+CD8+ TCM and that CD70+ TCM had better expansion in vitro than did CD70- TCM. Mechanistically, we showed that CD70 directly enhanced MAPK phosphorylation and CMV-specific CD8+ TCM cells had a reduced MAPK signaling upon activation. Lastly, we showed that age did not exacerbate reduced CD70 expression in CMV- specific CD8+ TCM cells.

Conclusion
Our findings showed that CMV infection causes mild expansion of CMV-NLV-specific CD8+ T cells, reduced CD70 expression and signaling, and proliferation of CMV-NLV-specific CD8+ TCM cells in young and middle-aged healthy adults and revealed an age-independent and CMV infection-specific impact on CD8+ memory T cells.
Correlations between radiological and histological findings of bone remodelling and root resorption in a rodent cleft model
Authors: Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian , Kniha Kristian , Heitzer Marius , Magnuska Zuzanna , Hermanns-Sachweh Benita , Gremse Felix , Chhatwani Sachin , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali , Danesh Gholamreza 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The evaluation of bone remodelling and dental root resorption can be performed by histological techniques or micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between these two procedures in the context of cleft repair in a rat model.

Methods
The reconstructed maxillae and the orthodontically-moved first molar of 12 rats were analysed for correlations between the histological and radiological findings retrospectively. The alveolar cleft repairs were performed using bone autografts or (human) xenografts. Four weeks after the operation, the intervention of the first molar protraction was initiated and lasted for eight weeks. The newly formed bone and the root resorption lacunae were determined via histology. In the micro-CT analysis, the average change of bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness and trabecular separation of the jaw, as well as the volume of the root resorptions were determined. The Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to study the associations between groups.

Results
Positive correlations were found only between the newly formed bone (histology) and BMD changes (micro-CT) in the autograft group (r = 0.812, 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.979, p = 0.05). The relationship of newly formed bone and BV/TV was similar but not statistically significant (r = 0.691, 95% CI: −0.274 to 0.963, p = 0.013). Regarding root resorption, no significant correlations were found.

Conclusions
Due to the lack of correlation between histological and radiological findings of bone remodelling and the development of root resorptions, both methods should be combined in this cleft model in rats for a comprehensive analysis.
What is an appropriate gestational weight gain for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: based on the adverse pregnancy outcomes of over 12 thousand participants?
Authors: Luo Xiaoqin , Gao Jiayi , He Zhangya , Ji Jing , Zhang Wanyu , Wu Pei , Guo Xiaoxiao , Cao Dan , Xu Zhangrui , Li Chao , Mi Yang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Evidence showed possible benefits of a less gestational weight gain (GWG) than the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendation in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancy. Here, we aimed to explore an appropriate GWG range in GDM women according to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods
We enrolled all the singleton GDM pregnant women (n = 14,213) from January 2015 to December 2018 in Xi'an, Northwest China. According to the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), they were classified into the Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and Obesity (≥ 30.0 kg/m2) group, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The appropriate ranges of GWG were determined based on a significant protective association (OR < 1).

Results
Totally, 12,712 participants were finally recruited. There were 1180 (9.3%), 9134 (71.9%), 2097 (16.5%), and 301 (2.4%) patients in the Underweight, Normal weight, Overweight, and Obesity groups, respectively. Adverse outcomes increased with the elevation of pre-pregnancy BMI. Among them, the risk of cesarean section was the highest, followed by large for gestational age (LGA), small for gestational age (SGA), preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension. Through the analysis of the risk of adverse outcomes in continuous GWG categories in each group, an ideal GWG range obtained in this study was as follows: 10–15.9 kg, 8–11.9 kg, 6–7.9 kg, and -5–3.9 kg for the Underweight, Normal weight, Overweight and Obesity group, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges in this study were more protective for adverse outcomes than those from IOM.

Conclusions
Based on the adverse pregnancy outcomes of over 12 thousand participants, our findings showed a more stringent GWG range for GDM women than the IOM criteria recommendation.