bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic whole body vibration ameliorates hippocampal neuroinflammation, anxiety-like behavior, memory functions and motor performance in aged male rats dose dependently
Authors: Oroszi Tamás , de Boer Sietse F. , Nyakas Csaba , Schoemaker Regien G. , van der Zee Eddy A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhole body vibration (WBV) is a form of passive exercise by the stimulation of mechanical vibration platform. WBV has been extensively investigated through clinical studies with main focus on the musculoskeletal system. However, pre-clinical data in the context of behavior, memory and motor functions with aged rodents are limited. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the dose dependent effects of a five weeks long WBV intervention with an aged animal model including anxiety-related behavior, memory and motor functions, as well as markers of (neuro)inflammation. Male Wistar rats (18 months) underwent 5 or 20 min daily vibration exposure or pseudo-treatment (i.e.: being subjected to the same environmental stimuli for 5 or 20 min, but without exposure to vibrations) 5 times per week. After 5 weeks treatment, cognitive functions, anxiety-like behavior and motor performance were evaluated. Finally, brain tissue was collected for immunohistological purposes to evaluate hippocampal (neuro)inflammation. Animals with 20 min daily session of WBV showed a decrease in their anxiety-like behavior and improvement in their spatial memory. Muscle strength in the grip hanging test was only significantly improved by 5 min daily WBV treatments, whereas motor coordination in the balance beam test was not significantly altered. Microglia activation showed a significant decrease in the CA1 and Dentate gyrus subregions by both dose of WBV. In contrast, these effects were less pronounced in the CA3 and Hilus subregions, where only 5 min dose showed a significant effect on microglia activation. Our results indicate, that WBV seems to be a comparable strategy on age-related anxiety, cognitive and motor decline, as well as alleviating age-related (neuro)inflammation.
Polygenic risk scores to stratify cancer screening should predict mortality not incidence
Authors: Vickers Andrew J. , Sud Amit , Bernstein Jonine , Houlston Richard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPopulation-based cancer screening programs such as mammography or colonscopy generally directed at all healthy individuals in a given age stratum. It has recently been proposed that cancer screening could be restricted to a high-risk subgroup based on polygenic risk scores (PRSs) using panels of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These PRSs were, however, generated to predict cancer incidence rather than cancer mortality and will not necessarily address overdiagnosis, a major problem associated with cancer screening programs. We develop a simple net-benefit framework for evaluating screening approaches that incorporates overdiagnosis. We use this methodology to demonstrate that if a PRS does not differentially discriminate between incident and lethal cancer, restricting screening to a subgroup with high scores will only improve screening outcomes in a small number of scenarios. In contrast, restricting screening to a subgroup defined as high-risk based on a marker that is more strongly predictive of mortality than incidence will often afford greater net benefit than screening all eligible individuals. If PRS-based cancer screening is to be effective, research needs to focus on identifying PRSs associated with cancer mortality, an unchartered and clinically-relevant area of research, with a much higher potential to improve screening outcomes.
Functional correlates of clinical phenotype and severity in recurrent SCN2A variants
Authors: Berecki Géza , Howell Katherine B. , Heighway Jacqueline , Olivier Nelson , Rodda Jill , Overmars Isabella , Vlaskamp Danique R. M. , Ware Tyson L. , Ardern-Holmes Simone , Lesca Gaetan , Alber Michael , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Wolff Markus , Petrou Steven 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn SCN2A-related disorders, there is an urgent demand to establish efficient methods for determining the gain- (GoF) or loss-of-function (LoF) character of variants, to identify suitable candidates for precision therapies. Here we classify clinical phenotypes of 179 individuals with 38 recurrent SCN2A variants as early-infantile or later-onset epilepsy, or intellectual disability/autism spectrum disorder (ID/ASD) and assess the functional impact of 13 variants using dynamic action potential clamp (DAPC) and voltage clamp. Results show that 36/38 variants are associated with only one phenotypic group (30 early-infantile, 5 later-onset, 1 ID/ASD). Unexpectedly, we revealed major differences in outcome severity between individuals with the same variant for 40% of early-infantile variants studied. DAPC was superior to voltage clamp in predicting the impact of mutations on neuronal excitability and confirmed GoF produces early-infantile phenotypes and LoF later-onset phenotypes. For one early-infantile variant, the co-expression of the α1 and β2 subunits of the Nav1.2 channel was needed to unveil functional impact, confirming the prediction of 3D molecular modeling. Neither DAPC nor voltage clamp reliably predicted phenotypic severity of early-infantile variants. Genotype, phenotypic group and DAPC are accurate predictors of the biophysical impact of SCN2A variants, but other approaches are needed to predict severity.
Cell response analysis in SARS-CoV-2 infected bronchial organoids
Authors: Sano Emi , Suzuki Tatsuya , Hashimoto Rina , Itoh Yumi , Sakamoto Ayaka , Sakai Yusuke , Saito Akatsuki , Okuzaki Daisuke , Motooka Daisuke , Muramoto Yukiko , Noda Takeshi , Takasaki Tomohiko , Sakuragi Jun-Ichi , Minami Shohei , Kobayashi Takeshi , Yamamoto Takuya , Matsumura Yasufumi , Nagao Miki , Okamoto Toru , Takayama Kazuo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of an in vitro cell model that can be used to study severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) research is expected. Here we conducted infection experiments in bronchial organoids (BO) and an BO-derived air-liquid interface model (BO-ALI) using 8 SARS-CoV-2 variants. The infection efficiency in BO-ALI was more than 1,000 times higher than that in BO. Among the bronchial epithelial cells, we found that ciliated cells were infected with the virus, but basal cells were not. Ciliated cells died 7 days after the viral infection, but basal cells survived after the viral infection and differentiated into ciliated cells. Fibroblast growth factor 10 signaling was essential for this differentiation. These results indicate that BO and BO-ALI may be used not only to evaluate the cell response to SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapeutic agents, but also for airway regeneration studies.
Detecting mesoscale structures by surprise
Authors: Marchese Emiliano , Caldarelli Guido , Squartini Tiziano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe importance of identifying mesoscale structures in complex networks can be hardly overestimated. So far, much attention has been devoted to detect modular and bimodular structures on binary networks. This effort has led to the definition of a framework based upon the score function called ‘surprise’, i.e. a p-value that can be assigned to any given partition of nodes. Hereby, we make a step further and extend the entire framework to the weighted case: six variants of surprise, induced by just as many variants of the hypergeometric distribution, are, thus, considered. As a result, a general, statistically grounded approach for detecting mesoscale network structures via a unified, suprise-based framework is presented. To illustrate its performances, both synthetic benchmarks and real-world configurations are considered. Moreover, we attach to the paper a Python code implementing all variants of surprise discussed in the present manuscript.
Superconductivity of structurally disordered Y5Ir6Sn18
Authors: Levytskyi Volodymyr , Carrillo-Cabrera Wilder , Akselrud Lev , Kundys Bohdan , Leithe-Jasper Andreas , Gumeniuk Roman 
Published: May 2022

The large Y5Ir6Sn18 crystal was grown from Sn-flux. Its structural and physical properties have been studied.
Frequency coordination and harmonic suppression strategy based on composite virtual impedance in hybrid energy storage system
Authors: Zhu Difan , Yang Ling , Huang Juntao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnder the traditional droop control, hybrid energy storage system cannot take advantage of the respective merits of battery and supercapacitor for frequency coordination, which shortens system life. Because of the single‐phase inverter load, the second harmonic current is generated in the front‐stage converter when the output power pulsates at twice the output voltage frequency. This paper proposes a strategy for frequency coordination and second harmonic current suppression based on composite virtual impedance. Under this strategy, the system equivalent output impedance exhibits resistance and inductance in low‐frequency part, dominated by the battery side. The battery reacts slowly to absorb the low‐frequency power fluctuations and provide the energy required by load at steady state. It is capacitive in the high‐frequency range, with the supercapacitor side dominating. The supercapacitor quickly absorbs the high‐frequency part of power fluctuation to suppress the impact of load mutation on DC bus and improve system dynamics. Meanwhile, the strategy realises that the inductor branch impedance is significantly larger than the capacitor branch impedance at double frequency, suppressing the second harmonic current and increasing the system efficiency. Experimentation confirms the effectiveness of the control strategy.
Tokyo's city sustainability: Strategy and plans for net zero emissions by 2050
Authors: Toh Chai K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractJapan has long embarked on the city transformation journey, from green city to eco city, ubiquitous city, sustainable city, and now zero‐emission city. A smart city is not considered smart if it is not green, not sustainable, and not environmentally friendly. The journey is long but progressive, and the Japanese government has been supportive in its city transformational efforts. Japanese cities are marked by distinctive local cultures, habitat, people, food, beliefs, history etc. From Tokyo to Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, Kobe and Yokohama, cities in Japan have advanced into high levels of urbanisation. The increase in population and traffic utilisation have resulted in higher energy demands and pollution of the environment. These concerns have motivated Japan to strive for cities with zero‐emission and Tokyo, as the country's capital, will lead in this drive. The author outlines the current situation in Japan, the impact of global warming and climate change, presents the motivation behind the new strategy, and narrates and discusses Tokyo city’s zero‐emission strategy and execution plans and how it works towards achieving net zero by 2050.
Parasiten – wichtige endemische und importierte Erreger
Authors: Jordan Sabine , Kreuels Benno 
Published: May 2022

Was ist neu?
Echinokokkose Bei Migranten aus Gebieten hoher Endemizität ist Echinococcus granulosus als wichtige Differenzialdiagnose bei zystischen (Leber-)Raumforderungen zu beachten. Durch eine Zunahme der Ausbreitung von Echinococcus alveolaris muss auch in Deutschland mit einem Anstieg endemischer Fälle von alveolärer Echinokokkose gerechnet werden.
Leishmaniose Zunehmend werden Fälle von Kutaner Leishmaniose in Deutschland bei Reiserückkehrern aus Spanien, insbesondere Mallorca, beobachtet.
Ektoparasiten In den letzten Jahren haben Ausbrüche von Skabies in Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen in Deutschland zugenommen. Seit 2016 ist Ivermectin zur oralen Therapie in Deutschland zugelassen.
Darmprotozoen Aufgrund zunehmender Resistenzen kommt es bei Giardia lamblia, insbesondere bei in Asien erworbenen Infektionen, häufiger zu Therapieversagen. Eine erfolgsversprechende Alternativtherapie stellt das in Deutschland nicht zugelassene Quinacrine dar.
Schistosomiasis Nachdem im Jahr 2013 erstmals eine Infektion mit Schistosomiasis bei einem Reisenden aus Korsika nachgewiesen wurde, breitet sich der Erreger auf Korsika weiter aus.
Intestinale Nematoden Ivermectin ist auch zur Therapie von Infektionen mit Strongyloides stercoralis zugelassen. Daten einer aktuellen Studie zeigen, dass bei unkomplizierten Verläufen eine einmalige Therapie ausreichend ist. Aufgrund des hohen Risikos komplikativer Verläufe sollte vor einer medikamentösen Immunsuppression (z. B. Organtransplantation) ein serologisches Screening auf S. stercoralis erwogen werden.
Robotik in der Endoprothetik - Neue OP-Unterstützungssysteme
Authors: Hanreich Carola , Streck Laura E. , Boettner Friedrich 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz robotischer Unterstützungssysteme findet seit den 1990er-Jahren zunehmend Anwendung in der Endoprothetik. Durch höhere Präzision und Reproduzierbarkeit sollen Komplikationen
reduziert und funktionelle Ergebnisse sowie Standzeiten verbessert werden. Die meisten aktuell verfügbaren Systeme sind bildgeführt und erfordern eine entsprechende präoperative Planung. Bei
anderen Systemen erfolgt die Erfassung der Anatomie und die Planung der Prothese erst intraoperativ. In der Knieendoprothetik konnte durch robotische Technik eine verbesserte
Gelenkausrichtung erzielt werden. Bei Hüftendoprothesen zeigte sich eine Verringerung von Abweichungen bei der Pfannenpositionierung. Diese Resultate zeigten sich unabhängig von der
Erfahrung des Operateurs, sodass besonders Operateure mit geringerer Fallzahl von dem Einsatz robotischer Unterstützungssysteme profitieren könnten. Jedoch steht dem allerdings eine
verlängerte Operationszeit gegenüber. Zudem wirft die Technik u.a. Fragen bez. der Kosteneffizienz und des Managements intraoperativer Komplikationen auf. Ob es durch künstliche Intelligenz
langfristig tatsächlich möglich sein wird, die Ergebnisse ohnehin bereits sehr erfolgreicher Operationen noch weiter zu verbessern, bleibt abzuwarten. In jedem Fall liegt die Verantwortung
für das Gelingen der Operation doch stets beim Operateur.
Studies of the Major Gene Expression and Related Metabolites in Cannabinoids Biosynthesis Pathway Influenced by Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Soltan Keyvan , Dadkhah Behnoush 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCannabis sativa L. is an annual dioecious plant that belongs to the Cannabaceae family and is essential for different pharmaceutical and nutritional properties. The most important and prevalent cannabinoids in cannabis are cannabidiol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. The application of elicitors is an effective method to improve secondary metabolite production, leading to a whole spectrum of molecular, genetic, and physiological modifications. Therefore, the expression changes of four key genes (THCAS, CBDAS, PT, and OLS) of the cannabinoids pathway along with the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol metabolites fluctuation were surveyed following the application of ascorbic acid as an elicitor. Cannabis was sprayed immediately before flowering with ascorbic acid. Treated and untreated (control) plants were sampled in different time courses for real-time PCR and HPLC experiments. Results showed significant increases in THCAS, CBDAS, PT, and OLS expression after ascorbic acid treatments. The results of metabolite quantification also indicated that secondary metabolites, especially delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, increased after the ascorbic acid application. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge of the functions of key genes in the cannabinoids pathway to the engineering of cannabis for improving the production of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol metabolites in this plant.
Coix Seed Extract Prevents Inflammation-mediated Skin Dryness Induced
by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Exposure in HR-1 Hairless Mice
Authors: Li Feng , Nakanishi Yusuke , Murata Kenta , Shinguchi Kanako , Fujita Nina , Chiba Shigeki , Takahashi Ryuji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSkin inflammation and dryness are the features of surfactant-induced irritant
contact dermatitis, a common skin disorder. In Japan, Coix seed (CS, Coix
lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is widely used as a
traditional medicine and functional supplement to treat skin inflammation and
dry skin. However, the efficacy of CS against surfactant-induced skin disorders
has not been reported. Here, we investigated the effect of CS on inflammatory
dry skin disorders induced by multiple topical applications of sodium dodecyl
sulfate (SDS), a representative anionic surfactant. Male HR-1 hairless mice
received a water extract of CS for four weeks. Three weeks after CS
administration, the dorsal skin of the mice was exposed once daily to
10% SDS for five days. CS efficacy was then evaluated by measuring
epidermal water content; erythema index; severity of skin scaling; epidermal
thickness; inflammatory cell infiltration; production of pro-inflammatory
mediators, such as interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and prostaglandin E2
(PGE2); and protein expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), in the dorsal skin.
Administration of CS markedly attenuated the SDS-induced reduction in epidermal
water content, elevated erythema index, and severity of skin scaling.
Histological analysis demonstrated that CS suppressed epidermal hyperplasia and
macrophage infiltration in SDS-exposed skin. Furthermore, CS significantly
prevented SDS-induced production of IL-1α and PGE2, as well as COX-2
upregulation. These results indicate that CS prevents SDS-induced
inflammation-mediated skin dryness by inhibiting the production of
pro-inflammatory mediators.
Using a Dedicated Extremity MRI Scanner for Depicting Anatomic Structures of Common Wrist Pathologies: A Pilot Comparison with a 3-Tesla MRI Scanner
Authors: Yin Qi , Kichari Jayant R. , Alebeek Adriana H.J. van , Korteweg Mies A. , Teunissen Bernd P. , Ritt Marco J.P.F. 
Published: May 2022

Background This pilot study explored the value of a dedicated extremity magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner by focusing on the qualitative depiction of important wrist structures in common wrist pathologies, the overall image quality, artifacts, and participant experience in undergoing the examinations.
Methods Images of the right wrist of 10 healthy adult volunteers were acquired with a 0.31-Tesla (T) dedicated extremity MRI and a 3-T MRI system, using a dedicated wrist coil. Images were separately evaluated by three radiologists. Paired images were randomized and graded for the visibility of anatomical details, including the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC; central disc, meniscus homolog, and ulnar attachment), carpal ligaments (scapholunate [SL] and lunotriquetral [LT] ligaments), intercarpal cartilage, and median and ulnar nerves. Mean values and standard deviations of evaluation results were calculated for each sequence. Participants' experience in undergoing the examination in both MRI scanners was explored using a questionnaire.
Results The mean values of anatomic structures and overall image quality were significantly in favor of the 3-T MRI scanner, compared with the dedicated extremity MRI scanner. With respect to patient satisfaction in undergoing the examination, the overall trend suggested that patients were more in favor of the dedicated extremity MRI scanner.
Conclusion For defining the real clinical value of the dedicated MRI scanner in the treatment of hand and wrist pathology, studies focused on pathologies are needed, which is certainly warranted, considering the important benefits of these devices including lower costs and higher accessibility for both patients and health care providers.
Treatment of First Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis with Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review
Authors: McGinley Beau M. , Siracuse Brianna L. , Gottschalk Michael B. , Wagner Eric R. 
Published: May 2022

Background First carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis or trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis is a common debilitating hand condition. No one surgical technique has demonstrated superiority in managing this disease.
Purpose This study performed a systematic review of arthroscopic techniques for treating first CMC arthritis to assess the effectiveness of different arthroscopic techniques.
Methods Grip strength, pinch strength, visual analog scale, the Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, range of motion (ROM), and complications were recorded. Two subgroup analyses were performed, comparing outcomes of (1) trapeziectomy of any type versus debridement alone and (2) trapeziectomy alone versus interposition versus suspension techniques.
Results Preoperative and postoperative scores significantly improved for DASH scores and pain at rest and with activity with variable improvements in ROM. Complications occurred in 13% of cases in publications that reported complications. When comparing studies that utilized techniques with any type of trapeziectomy to debridement alone, only the trapeziectomy subgroup showed significant improvements in pain. When comparing trapeziectomy alone to interposition and suspension techniques, mean DASH scores and pain levels significantly improved in interposition and suspension subgroups.
Conclusions The existing literature describes a predominantly female population with Eaton-Littler stage II and III disease. In the subgroup analysis, arthroscopic techniques involving a trapeziectomy seem to be more effective at lowering pain scores compared to techniques involving debridement alone. Likewise, interposition and suspension techniques may show improved outcomes compared to techniques involving trapeziectomy alone.
Level of evidence This is a Level III study.
Effects of common carp on water quality and submerged vegetation: results from a short-term mesocosm experiment in an artificial wetland
Authors: Peterson Douglas , Pearson James , Simpson William 
Published: May 2022

Bioturbation by non-native common carp (carp) can facilitate an ecosystem phase shift from clear to turbid water in shallow lakes and ponds, with negative effects on abundance of aquatic animals and plants. Management of carp often involves reducing populations below a threshold biomass at which important components of the aquatic ecosystem, like submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), recover. To evaluate control targets for a nuisance carp population in Malheur Lake in SE Oregon, USA, we conducted a mesocosm experiment in a small wetland within the lake’s drainage basin. We stocked 200-m2 enclosures with individual or multiple carp of different age classes at target biomasses of 50, 100, and 300 kg ha−1. We measured turbidity, total suspended sediments, nutrients, chlorophyll-a, and surface coverage of SAV four times within a single growing season. Turbidity increased through time and soluble P was higher in 300 kg ha−1 carp treatments compared to the control, but few changes were observed for any of the other variables at any biomass. Results suggest that with well established SAV, a maintenance carp biomass threshold of <200 kg ha−1 will not result in a phase shift from a clear- to turbid-water state in the short-term.