bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting settling regimes of aquatic microplastics
Authors: Mendrik Freija , Fernández Roberto , Waller Catherine , Hackney Christopher , Parsons Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rivers are the major conveyor of plastics to the marine environment, but the mechanisms that impact microplastic (< 5mm) transport, and thus govern fate of the material in the environment, are largely unknown. This prevents progress in understanding microplastic dynamics and identifying zones of high accumulation, as well as curtailing the evolution of effective mitigation and policy measures. Using a suite of novel settling experiments here we show, for the first time, how biofilm growth significantly increases settling velocity of a range of microplastics (fragments and fibres) by > 130% and that significant increases can occur in only days. We also demonstrate how these impacts are both polymer and shape specific and that settling regimes also differ according to both salinity and sediment concentrations, which are typical of freshwater-marine boundaries found in estuaries. Our results demonstrate how existing transport formulae are inadequate to capture these impacts and highlight the importance of considering these processes within next generation predictive frameworks to understand and robustly predict the fate and impact of microplastic pollution within aquatic environments.
Decoding Physical and Cognitive Impacts of PM Concentrations at Ultra-fine Scales
Authors: Talebi Shawhin , Lary David , Wijeratne Lakitha , Fernando Bharana , Lary Tatiana , Lary Matthew , Sadler John , Srid Arjun , Waczak John , Aker Adam , Zhang Yichao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The human body is an incredible and complex sensing system. Environmental factors trigger a wide range of automatic neurophysiological responses. Biometric sensors can capture these responses in real time, providing clues to the underlying biophysical mechanisms. Here we show biometric variables can be used to accurately estimate ultra-local particulate matter concentrations in the ambient environment with high fidelity (r$^2$ = 0.91) and that smaller particles are better estimated than larger ones. Inferring environmental conditions solely from biometric measurements allows us to disentangle key interactions between the environment and the body. A deeper understanding of these interactions can have countless important applications in public health, preventative healthcare, city planning, human performance, and much more. By tapping into our body's `built-in' sensing abilities, we can gain insights to how our environment influences our physical health and cognitive performance.
Tislelizumab combination with chemotherapy successfully converted unresectable advanced penile cancer into complete surgical excision: a case report and literature review
Authors: Long Xiangyu , Zhang Shuang , Tang Liansha , Li Xiang , Liu Jiyan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Locally advanced Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) with unresectable inguinal lymph nodes has a poor prognosis, and benefits from surgical treatment alone. Effective conversion therapy regimens are urgently needed.Case Presentation: We report a locally advanced PSCC patient with bulky, fixed inguinal lymph node metastasis complicated within genial skin ulcers，who completed inguinal lymph node dissection and achieved pathologically complete response via conversion therapy by immunotherapy plus chemotherapy.Conclusion: For unresectable locally advanced PSCC, neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is a potential treatment approach. Biomarkers of immune efficacy need to be explored. At the same time, clinical trials are needed to test the notions.
MicroRNA - biomarker of aggressiveness of choroidal melanoma
Authors: Brovkina A. F. , Tsybikova N. D. 
Published: March 2022

Almost 50 % of microRNAs (a family of small noncoding RNAs) are associated with the regions of the genome responsible for the development of tumors. These microRNAs play the role of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In 2008, there were reports of the possibility of using microRNA as a predictive biomarker of the metastatic risk of uveal melanoma. Initially, microRNAs were investigated in melanoma samples; later, the possibility of using blood plasma for these purposes was shown.Purpose: to study the character of expression of miRNA- 146a, miRNA-155, miRNA-223, miRNA-126, miRNA-27b in the blood plasma of patients with choroidal melanoma (CM) and determine their significance in predicting possible hematogenous metastases. Material and methods. The study included 84 patients with CM aged 35–86 (ave 63.4 ± 1.2 yrs). The thickness of the CM varied in the range of 0.77–17.19 mm (ave 7.21 ± 0.43 mm). The control group consisted of 28 volunteers aged 45-78 (62.90 ± 1.42 yrs). MicroRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative PCR.Results. An increase in the expression level of miRNA-155, miRNA-146a, miRNA-126, miRNA-223, and miRNA-27b in blood plasma in all 84 patients with CM was revealed.Conclusion. The study of miRNA levels (miRNA-146, miRNA-155, miRNA-223, miRNA-126 and miRNA-27b) in the blood plasma of patients with CM can be used both to confirm the diagnosis of CM in difficult diagnostic cases and to determine the aggressiveness of the course tumor and prediction of metastasis.
Exergy Analysis of a Double-Stage Organic Rankine Cycle Using Renewable Energy
Authors: KAPLAN Ahmet , ÖZBEK Arif 
Published: March 2022

Engineering Equation Solver program (EES). For certain temperature limits in the first and second stages (S-I and S-II) R245fa + R245fa was used as refrigerant pair. This study aims to determine the effect of working temperature on system efficiency, exergy efficiency and the most suitable working temperature. The results showed that at 425K, 14.11kW exergy destruction is obtained in Pump-1 higher than other components. The smallest exergy destruction is 0.133kW is observed in Turbine-2 at 400K temperature. The
highest thermal and exergy efficiencies of the whole system were obtained at 400K temperature as 8.85% and 48.55%, respectively.
Piezoelektrik Levha Viskoz Akışkan ve Rijit Duvardan Oluşan Sistemin Zorlanmış Titreşimine Akışkan Özelliklerinin Etkisi
Authors: EKİCİOĞLU KÜZECİ Zeynep 
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada piezoelektrik plak, viskoz akışkan ve rijit duvardan oluşan bir sisteme, harmonik bir mekanik kuvvet uygulandığında ortaya çıkan titreşime viskoz akışkan özelliklerinin etkisi incelenmiştir. Plağın hareketi, doğrusallaştırılmış elektro-elastisite teorisinin kesin denklemleri ile ifade edilmiştir. Akışkan akımı ise doğrusallaştırılmış Navier-Stokes denklemleri ile yazılmıştır. Plakta düzlem şekil değiştirme durumunun olduğu, akışkanın ise düzlemsel akış yaptığı varsayılmıştır. Problemin matematiksel formülasyonunu ifade eden denklemlere, sınır ve uygunluk koşullarına, plağın uzunluğu yönündeki koordinata göre Fourier dönüşümü uygulanmıştır. Ters Fourier dönüşümü ise sayısal olarak hesaplanmıştır. İncelenen hidro-piezoelektrik sistem farklı akışkanlar için ele alınmış ve akışkanın özelliklerinin, plak ve akışkan ara yüzeyindeki basınç değeri üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar tartışılmış ve akışkanın viskozitesinin artmasının, ara yüzeydeki basıncı mutlak değerce arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın, özellikle farklı mühendislik alanlarında yapılan enerji hasadı
çalışmalarına katkıda bulunması amaçlanmıştır.
Antifungal Role of Common Indian Spices & Herbs: A Narrative Review
Authors: Vavilala Pratyusha , Deo Aayushi , Prakash Divya , Tiwari Muskan , Aggarwal Vibhuti 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
A large variety of spices can be found in kitchens worldwide. The usage varies from
region to region as per the cuisine. They hold nutritional values and are being exploited for their
anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory properties. This study highlights
some of the commonly used Indian spices for their antifungal properties and summarizes
their potential antifungal activity. Fungal diseases are deep-rooted and cause acute/chronic infections
in humans, mainly Aspergillus and Candida species. As the tropical climate provides a
breeding ground for fungal infections, such regions share a huge load of mycoses. Various spices
have been shown to be effective in treating fungal diseases. The current study focuses on the potential
anti-fungal role of the spices and reviews the current literature on the possible mechanism
of action of the active compounds of these spices relative to commonly used antifungal drugs.
The spices consist of essential oils that inhibit mycotoxin biosynthesis or disrupt and inhibit cell
wall formation and efflux pumps and are comparable to the currently available antifungal drugs.
COVID-19 Biomarkers Recognition & Classification Using Intelligent
Systems
Authors: Bajo-Morales Javier , Prieto-Prieto Juan Carlos , Herrera Luis Javier , Rojas Ignacio , Castillo-Secilla Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Background:
SARS-CoV-2 has paralyzed mankind due to its high transmissibility and its
associated mortality, causing millions of infections and deaths worldwide. The search for gene expression
biomarkers from the host transcriptional response to infection may help understand the underlying
mechanisms by which the virus causes COVID-19. This research proposes a smart methodology integrating
different RNA-Seq datasets from SARS-CoV-2, other respiratory diseases, and healthy patients.

Methods:
The proposed pipeline exploits the functionality of the ‘KnowSeq’ R/Bioc package, integrating
different data sources and attaining a significantly larger gene expression dataset, thus endowing the
results with higher statistical significance and robustness in comparison with previous studies in the literature.
A detailed preprocessing step was carried out to homogenize the samples and build a clinical
decision system for SARS-CoV-2. It uses machine learning techniques such as feature selection algorithm
and supervised classification system. This clinical decision system uses the most differentially
expressed genes among different diseases (including SARS-Cov-2) to develop a four-class classifier.

Results:
The multiclass classifier designed can discern SARS-CoV-2 samples, reaching an accuracy
equal to 91.5%, a mean F1-Score equal to 88.5%, and a SARS-CoV-2 AUC equal to 94% by using only
15 genes as predictors. A biological interpretation of the gene signature extracted reveals relations with
processes involved in viral responses.

Conclusion:
This work proposes a COVID-19 gene signature composed of 15 genes, selected after applying
the feature selection ‘minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance’ algorithm. The integration
among several RNA-Seq datasets was a success, allowing for a considerable large number of samples
and therefore providing greater statistical significance to the results than in previous studies. Biological
interpretation of the selected genes was also provided.
Alumina Supported Nickel-iron-ruthenium based Catalyst for Dry
Reforming of Methane
Authors: Alhajri Nawal , Albuali Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Alumina-supported nickel-iron-ruthenium-based catalyst with a high surface
area (200 m2 g-1) was synthesized via an impregnation method and tested for dry reforming of
methane.

Methods:
The prepared catalyst was characterized by different analytical techniques, such as Xray
diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, N2 sorption, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Result:
The results revealed that the catalyst contains 2.5 wt.% Ni, 2 wt.% Fe and 1.8 wt.% Ru.

Conclusion:
The catalytic tests showed that the prepared sample exhibits remarkable catalytic activity
towards methane dry reforming, with high conversion of methane and carbon dioxide reaching
up to 92% and 89%, respectively, at 800°C.
Modeling vector control of the asynchronous drive of electric rolling stock auxiliary machines
Authors: Kulinich Yu.. M. , Shukharev S. A. , Dukhovnikov V. K. , Gulyaev A. V. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The development of power semiconductor devices and technology served the basis for fundamentally new types of frequency-controlled electric drives with traction asynchronous motors on the rolling stock of electrified railways. Therefore, problems of theoretical and experimental study of the operating modes of the mentioned drives become actual. This article is a theme continuation of the asynchronous machines control on the AC locomotive, which was presented in no. 5 of Russian Railway Scientific Journal in 2021.Materials and methods. For analysing the frequency converter operation, the authors used mathematical modeling methods, which allowed evaluating the motor operation in various modes without resorting to time-consuming full-scale tests. Recently, software packages for visual programming have been developed, aimed mainly at domestic users, which are not inferior in their capabilities to leading foreign counterparts. Among such software products is SimInTech software for modeling technical systems, developed by 3V Service. The software focuses on solving various applied problems, particularly, on modeling a vector control system for an asynchronous drive.Results. The authors developed a mathematical model of an asynchronous drive of auxiliary machines of an electric locomotive in a rotating coordinate system d – q by the SimInTech application package and concerning the cross-impact influence of d and q control channels.Discussion and conclusion. The developed complex of an asynchronous motor and a vector control system enable to work out various algorithms for improving the energy efficiency of the operation of asynchronous auxiliary machines of an electric locomotive by applying the proposed algorithm for choosing the optimal value of the rotor flux linkage. The presented vector control structure also enables to implement it on the basis of modern microcontrollers, helping to reduce programming time.
Determination of the rail-to-earth transition resistance of the ballastless track and influence of the resistance on the current spreading in the subgrade
Authors: Kosarev A. B. , Rudashevskiy R. A. , Rudashevskaya A. V. , Smolin P. I. , Rebrov I. A. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The rail-to-earth transition resistance is an important parameter of electrified railways, which directly effects the electrical safety level of the traction network and the potential distribution in the upper structure track area. The increased potential adversely effects the operation of the power supply system, the safety of passengers and service staff. Moreover, the mentioned potential leads to the insulation damage of the signaling equipment and to the threat of the train traffic security. The high-speed traffic development in Russia involves the ballastless track usage. The transition resistance of the ballastless track differs from that of a ballast track.Materials and methods. The article considers mathematical model of the ballastless track for determining the rail-toearth transition resistance. The authors presented a description of the method for rail-to-earth transition resistance with a known input resistance of the rail track, determined experimentally.Results. The paper demonstrates relative values of the voltage drop on the the ballastless track structural elements. The obtained data will be used to analyse and calculate the modes of operation of the traction power supply system that occur in the rail track during short circuits in the traction network, and to assess the electromagnetic compatibility of electrical installations.Discussion and conclusion. Obtained results will lead to study the transition resistance of the ballastless track concerning high short-circuit currents drainage from the rails by simulating a short circuit both near the traction substation and away from it.
Methodological approaches to the efficient functioning assessment of the modern upper structure track
Authors: Efimova E. N. , Vinogorov N. P. , Shiladzhyan A. A. , Koshelev V. M. , Valov D. A. , Kuznetsova N. V. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The article covers the approaches to assessing the efficient functioning of the modern upper structure track and aims at developing these approaches in the process of using the track superstructure materials — rails, fasteners, sleepers, ballast — under given operating conditions.Materials and methods. The authors proposed methodological approaches for assessing the effective functioning of the modern upper structure track. These methods were based on the life cycle cost measurements of railway complex technical systems. The methodological approaches enable to consider the expenditures for the acquisition, possession and disposal of the upper structure track materials by discounting the cost indicators and the initial period value.Results. The authors present the results of test calculations for assessing the effective use of ZhBR-65PShM, ZhBR-65Sh, ARS-4, Vossloh W-30 rail fasteners types on a 12-kilometer nominal section of the continuous welded rail with DT350 rails and a traffic density up to 80 t.km gross/km per year. The most efficient upper structure track option is the one, which has the lowest value of unit costs per 1 t.km gross and covers the full life cycle of the railway track section operation.Discussion and conclusion. The developed methodological approaches will be used to evaluate, compare and select the most efficient upper structure track schemes under given operating conditions.
OptimalMe Intervention for Healthy Preconception, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Lifestyles: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Implementation Effectiveness Feasibility Trial
Authors: Harrison Cheryce L , Brammall Bonnie R , Garad Rhonda , Teede Helena 
Published: March 2022

Background
Reproductive-aged women are a high-risk population group for accelerated weight gain and obesity development, with pregnancy recognized as a critical contributory life-phase. Healthy lifestyle interventions during the antenatal period improve maternal and infant health outcomes, yet translation and implementation of such interventions into real-world health care settings remains limited.

Objective
We aim to generate key implementation learnings to inform the feasibility of future scale up and determine the effectiveness of intervention delivery methods on engagement, experience, acceptability, knowledge, risk perception, health literacy, and modifiable weight-related health behaviors in women during preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods.

Methods
This randomized hybrid implementation effectiveness study will evaluate the penetration, reach, feasibility, acceptability, adoption, and fidelity of a healthy lifestyle intervention (OptimalMe) implemented into, and in partnership with, private health care. Individual health outcomes associated with implementation delivery mode, including knowledge, risk perception, health literacy, self-management, and health behaviors, are secondary outcomes. A total of 300 women aged 18 to 44 years, who are not pregnant but wish to conceive within the next 12 months, and with access to the internet will be recruited. All participants will receive the same digital lifestyle intervention, OptimalMe, which is supported by health coaching and text messages during preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods. We will use a parallel 2-arm design to compare telephone with videoconference remote delivery methods for health coaching. Methods are theoretically underpinned by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and outcomes based on the Reach, Engagement, Adaptation, Implementation and Maintenance framework.

Results
The study was approved on August 16, 2019 and has been registered. Recruitment commenced in July 2020, and data collection is ongoing. Results are expected to be published in 2022.

Conclusions
The study’s design aligns with best practice implementation research. Results will inform translation of evidence from randomized controlled trials on healthy lifestyle interventions into practice targeting women across preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods. Learnings will target consumers, program facilitators, health professionals, services, and policy makers to inform future scale up to ultimately benefit the health of women across these life-phases.

Trial Registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12620001053910; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=378243&isReview=true

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/33625
Assessment of Social Behavior Using a Passive Monitoring App in Cognitively Normal and Cognitively Impaired Older Adults: Observational Study
Authors: Muurling Marijn , Reus Lianne M , de Boer Casper , Wessels Sterre C , Jagesar Raj R , Vorstman Jacob A S , Kas Martien J H , Visser Pieter Jelle 
Published: March 2022

Background
In people with cognitive impairment, loss of social interactions has a major impact on well-being. Therefore, patients would benefit from early detection of symptoms of social withdrawal. Current measurement techniques such as questionnaires are subjective and rely on recall, in contradiction to smartphone apps, which measure social behavior passively and objectively.

Objective
This study uses the remote monitoring smartphone app Behapp to assess social behavior, and aims to investigate (1) the association between social behavior, demographic characteristics, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in cognitively normal (CN) older adults, and (2) if social behavior is altered in cognitively impaired (CI) participants. In addition, we explored in a subset of individuals the association between Behapp outcomes and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Methods
CN, subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and CI older adults installed the Behapp app on their own Android smartphone for 7 to 42 days. CI participants had a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer-type dementia. The app continuously measured communication events, app use and location. Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) total scores were available for 20 SCD and 22 CI participants. Linear models were used to assess group differences on Behapp outcomes and to assess the association of Behapp outcomes with the NPI.

Results
We included CN (n=209), SCD (n=55) and CI (n=22) participants. Older cognitively normal participants called less frequently and made less use of apps (P<.05). No sex effects were found. Compared to the CN and SCD groups, CI individuals called less unique contacts (β=–0.7 [SE 0.29], P=.049) and contacted the same contacts relatively more often (β=0.8 [SE 0.25], P=.004). They also made less use of apps (β=–0.83 [SE 0.25], P=.004). Higher total NPI scores were associated with further traveling (β=0.042 [SE 0.015], P=.03).

Conclusions
CI individuals show reduced social activity, especially those activities that are related to repeated and unique behavior, as measured by the smartphone app Behapp. Neuropsychiatric symptoms seemed only marginally associated with social behavior as measured with Behapp. This research shows that the Behapp app is able to objectively and passively measure altered social behavior in a cognitively impaired population.
Super Edge Connectivity Number of an Arithmetic Graph
Authors: Sujitha S. , Lazer Mary Jenitha 
Published: March 2022

An edge subset F of a connected graph G is a super edge cut if G − F is disconnected and every component of G−F has atleast two vertices. The minimum cardinality of super edge cut is called super edge connectivity number and it is denoted by λ'(G). Every arithmetic graph G = Vn, n not equal to p1 × p2 has super edge cut. In this paper, the authors study super edge connectivity number of an arithmetic graphs G = Vn, n = p_1^a_1 × p_2^a_2 , a1 > 1, a2 ≥ 1, and G = Vn, n = p_1^a_1 × p_2^a_2 × · · · ×p_r^a_r , r > 2, ai ≥ 1, 1 ≤ i ≤ r.