bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fossils Do Not Substantially Improve, and May Even Harm, Estimates of Diversification Rate Heterogeneity
Authors: Beaulieu Jeremy M , O’Meara Brian C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The fossilized birth–death (FBD) model is a naturally appealing way of directly incorporating fossil information when estimating diversification rates. However, an important yet often overlooked property of the original FBD derivation is that it distinguishes between two types of sampled lineages. Here, we first discuss and demonstrate the impact of severely undersampling, and even not including fossils that represent samples of lineages that also had sampled descendants. We then explore the benefits of including fossils, generally, by implementing and then testing two types of FBD models, including one that converts a fossil set into stratigraphic ranges, in more complex likelihood-based models that assume multiple rate classes across the tree. Under various simulation scenarios, including a scenario that exists far outside the set of models we evaluated, including fossils rarely outperform analyses that exclude them altogether. At best, the inclusion of fossils improves precision but does not influence bias. Similarly, we found that converting the fossil set to stratigraphic ranges, which is one way to remedy the effects of undercounting the number of k-type fossils, results in turnover rates and extinction fraction estimates that are generally underestimated. Although fossils remain essential for understanding diversification through time, in the specific case of understanding diversification given an existing, largely modern tree, they are not especially beneficial. [Fossilized birth–death; fossils; MiSSE; state speciation extinction; stratigraphic ranges; turnover rate.]
12Postcolonial Theory
Authors: Rask Knudsen Eva , Rahbek Ulla 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers selected research in postcolonial theory published in 2021. It begins with a discussion of how postcolonial theory can be said to take a local turn with reference to a volume that treats the phenomenon of BrexLit, before focusing on two texts that take postcolonial theory into the arena of the social sciences. The chapter then reviews a book that parses how postcolonial theory is embroiled in matters ideological before ending with a discussion of a text that provides an alternative history of gender and sexualities. The varied work discussed in this chapter demonstrates how postcolonial theory remains a productive resource in attempts to revitalize already established fields of study and, by extension, that postcolonial theory continues to hold critical and explanatory traction. The essay is divided into five sub-sections: 1. Introduction; 2. BrexLit; 3. The Social Sciences; 4. Ideology; 5. Sexualities.
A Tai Chi for Arthritis and Fall Prevention Program for Older Adults During COVID-19
Authors: Lee Kathleen , Galet Colette , Lilienthal Michele , Skeete Dionne 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
To minimize COVID-19 transmission, the University of Iowa suspended all in-person fall injury prevention programs in March 2020. However, falls continued to be the leading cause of injury-related mortality in Iowa; therefore, the university converted its in-person Tai Chi for Arthritis and Fall Prevention (TCAFP) program to a virtual program. Here, the authors describe the virtual TCAFP program and participants' overall experience. Among 83 older adults who participated in the first three virtual programs, 61 (73.5%) completed the programs. Of the 31 (37.3%) participants who filled out the postprogram satisfaction surveys, 30 (96.8%) found the Zoom platform easy to use and said the program met their expectations, 28 (90.3%) were happy with the quality of the instruction, and 29 (93.5%) said they learned the tai chi forms taught during the program and used an online video to practice between classes. Judging by the largely positive participant feedback, the authors considered the implementation of a virtual TCAFP program a success. The potential for the use of such a program beyond the pandemic to improve injury prevention efforts in rural environments warrants further exploration.
Perioperative Practices in Dermatologic Surgery
Authors: Erickson Stephen P. , Schneider Samantha L. , Cohen Joel L. , Alam Murad , Council Martha Laurin 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND
Mohs micrographic surgery is generally safe and well tolerated. Various perioperative practices are employed with the aim of reducing adverse events; however, implementation is variable, and limited efficacy data are available.

OBJECTIVE
This study sought to assess perioperative practice patterns among dermatologic surgeons with regards to antibiotic prophylaxis (AP), anticoagulation, activity restrictions, and antiseptic choice.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
Two surveys were distributed by the American College of Mohs Surgery (ACMS) and the American Society for Mohs Surgery (ASMS) to their membership via email.

RESULTS
One hundres seventy-seven surgeons participated, with membership from ACMS (61%), ASMS (35%), or both organizations (4%) represented. Systemic AP is prescribed preoperatively by 96% (162/168) and postoperatively by 91% (161/177) of surgeons for variable clinical indications. Therapeutic antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications are rarely held (3%–5%, 4–7/149), whereas preventative aspirin (30%, 45/149), NSAIDs (25%, 36/145), and supplements known to have an anticoagulant effect (54%, 80/149) are more commonly held. Antiseptic choice and recommended activity restrictions vary.

CONCLUSION
Perioperative practices of dermatologic surgeons are variable and, where applicable, may deviate from guidelines. These findings underscore the need for standardization and updated guidelines for perioperative practices in dermatologic surgery.
Impact of personality on the decision process and on satisfaction rates in pseudophakic presbyopic correction
Authors: Ntonti Panagiota , Bakirtzis Minas , Delibasis Konstantinos , Seimenis Ioannis , Tsinopoulos Ioannis , Labiris Georgios 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
To explore the impact of personality on the decision process and satisfaction rates in pseudophakic presbyopic correction.

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Design:
Prospective, comparative study.

Methods:
A consistent consultation was conducted in patients with cataract that explained the benefits and the drawbacks of bilateral trifocal correction, which was offered at no extra cost. In all participants, personality was evaluated by The Traits Personality Questionnaire 5. Data modeling with decision trees and multiple regression analysis identified the contributions of personality traits to the decision process and postoperative satisfaction.

Results:
Of 120 participants (60 men and 60 women), 81 (67.5%, 24 men, 57 women) selected premium correction. In men, low neuroticism and high extraversion were the primary personality contributors for selecting premium surgery. In women, all personality traits contributed to the selection process. Women were more demanding in the expected postoperative distant acuity than men (0.1 vs 0.2 logMAR) to present high satisfaction. For both men and women, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and extraversion are primary contributors for optimal satisfaction rates.

Conclusions:
Men and women demonstrate differences in the selection process for premium pseudophakic surgery and differences in the expected postoperative visual acuity. It seems that the personality of the patient plays a significant role in the perceived outcome after premium surgery.
COMPARISON OF POST CATARACT SURGERY ANTI-INFLAMMATORY REGIMENS ON THE INCIDENCE OF CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA, IRITIS, PAIN, AND PHOTOPHOBIA
Authors: Visco Denise M. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To compare post-cataract surgery anti-inflammatory regimens of intracanalicular dexamethasone insert and topical bromfenac on the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME), iritis, pain, and photophobia.

Setting:
Eyes of York Cataract & Laser Center, York, PA, USA.

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Methods:
Case records of 647 consecutive patients (1001 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery and received dexamethasone intracanalicular insert 0.4 mg (group 1; 482 eyes) or topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (bromfenac 0.075% BID) for four weeks postoperatively (group 2; 519 eyes) were included. Both groups received intracameral moxifloxacin and phenylephrine/ketorolac. Patients with prior CME, vitreomacular traction, combined cataract/glaucoma surgery, and medication protocols different from those examined in this study were excluded.

Results:
Compared with the dexamethasone insert group, the topical NSAIDs group had significantly lower incidence of CME (0.4% (2/519) vs 3.9% (19/482), P<.001) and photophobia (1.9% (10/519) vs 4.8% (23/482), P=0.012). The incidence of breakthrough iritis (3.5% (18/519) vs 5.6% (27/482), P=0.104) and pain also trended lower (4.0% (21/519) vs 5.4% (26/482), P=0.314) in the topical NSAID group.

Conclusion:
Topical NSAIDs were found to be more effective in controlling CME, pain, iritis, and photophobia after cataract surgery compared with the intracanalicular dexamethasone insert in the presence of intracameral phenylephrine/ketorolac.
Examining Stigma and Disclosure Among Women With HIV in the Southern United States: Qualitative Study Guided by the Adaptive Leadership Framework for Chronic Illness
Authors: McMillian-Bohler Jacquelyn M. , Holt Lauren , Adimora Adaora A. , Bailey Donald “Chip” E. , Johnson Ragan , Koch Amie , McGee Kara , Ramirez Catalina , Randolph Schenita D. , Ritchwood Tiarney D. , Relf Michael V. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Stigma is a fundamental cause of health inequities. Guided by the Adaptive Leadership Framework for Chronic Illness (ALFCI), this descriptive qualitative study explored the challenges of stigma and disclosure experienced by women with HIV (WWH) in the Southern United States. A convenience sample of 22 WWH aged 36 to 62 years were interviewed for this study. Analysis of participant interviews revealed that WWH face a multitude of stigma-related technical and adaptive challenges, which are consistent with the ALFCI. Once identified, technical challenges, such as recognizing the need for support, lack of trust, and fear of rejection, can be overcome by technical work, including providing assistance with HIV disclosure and building a trusted network. By identifying specific adaptive and technical challenges faced by WWH and engaging in technical and adaptive work, the WWH and the provider can reduce the fear of disclosure and the effect of stigma.
Trends in Mortality and Health Care Burden of Cirrhotic Decompensation in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Afridi Faiz , Mittal Anmol , Pyrsopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:Mortality caused by cirrhosis is now the 14th most common cause of death worldwide and 12th most common in the United States. We studied trends in inpatient mortality and hospitalization charges associated with cirrhotic decompensation from esophageal variceal bleeding, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome from 2007 to 2017.Materials and Methods:Using the National Inpatient Sample databases, we first isolated patients 18 years or older with the diagnosis of cirrhosis using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) or International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. We then identified patients with the admission diagnosis of esophageal variceal bleeding, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome. Time-series regression was used to determine whether a trend occurred over the study period. We also evaluated for patient-related demographic changes over the study period.Results:A total of 259,897 cirrhotic patients with the studied decompensations were captured. During the study period, time-series regression confirmed downtrends in mortality rates and length of stay for all types of decompensations. Conversely, we found increases in hospitalization charges for all types of decompensations. Patient age increased over the study period. Patients were also more likely to be White and pay with.Conclusion:From 2007 to 2017, inpatient mortality rates and lengths of stay decreased for cirrhotic decompensations for all causes of decompensation. Total charges, conversely, increased for all causes.
“The effect of breast reconstruction on kinematics and performance during upper limb-focused functional tasks”
Authors: Lang Angelica E. , Card Annika , Barden John , Kim Soo Y. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Breast reconstruction after curative breast cancer surgery is becoming increasingly common. There is evidence to suggest that these surgeries have negative effects on shoulder function, but to date there are no investigations of shoulder biomechanics during functional tasks in this group. The purpose of this study was to define and compare upper limb motion of breast cancer survivors (mastectomy-only or mastectomy + reconstruction) to a non-cancer control group during a range of work-related functional tasks.

Methods:
Ninety-five women participated: 25 controls, 25 mastectomy-only breast cancer survivors and 45 mastectomy + reconstruction (implant, latissimus dorsi flap, or DIEP) breast cancer survivors. Motion of the torso, humeri and scapulae were tracked during arm-focused functional tasks, involving reaching, dexterity, and lifting overhead, and joint angles were calculated. Mean, maximum, and minimum angles were calculated and compared between groups using one-way ANOVAs (p<.05).

Results:
The reconstruction group had significantly different kinematics than the other two groups. Throughout task performance, post-reconstruction survivors had increased scapular posterior tilt and increased humeral external rotation. These findings are consistent with reconstruction surgical procedures and may highlight muscle pattern alterations that interfere with co-contraction, stability, and functional task performance.

Conclusions:
Findings suggest that breast reconstruction surgery influences functional task performance. Scapular and humeral kinematics may indicate movement pattern differences that are important to address in rehabilitation.
The Superficial Vein Only (SVO)-DIEP Flap
Authors: Nigro Lauren , Shankaran Vidya , Miller Payton , Chang Bernard 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, often considered the gold standard in autologous breast reconstruction, is reliant on robust arterial inflow and venous outflow. Venous outflow issues remain a critical part in determining the success of the DIEP flap. Previously, the superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) has been used to augment venous outflow, or as a salvage option when flow through the deep inferior epigastric vein is compromised or insufficient. We describe a variant of the DIEP flap, the superficial vein only (SVO)-DIEP, utilizing the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) and the SIEV as a viable alternative when indicated.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of all patients undergoing autologous breast reconstruction by the senior author from July 2015 - March 2020 to identify DIEP flaps whose only source of venous outflow was the SIEV, excluding those performed as a salvage maneuver.

Results:
We identified 30 patients (35 flaps) and describe their characteristics, flap characteristics, complications, and details of the flap harvest. Notably, we experienced complications in 26.7% of flaps, of which 62.5% were minor, and no flap loss. This was comparable to the complication rate observed in the standard DIEP flap population.

Conclusion:
We believe the SVO-DIEP flap is an excellent option for the appropriate patient. It is an added tool to make abdominal-based breast reconstruction more reliable and successful. The use of the SIEV in an SVO flap should be considered as part of any routine DIEP flap reconstruction.
“Breast Resection Weight Prediction and Insurance Reimbursement in Reduction Mammoplasty: Which Scale is Reliable?”
Authors: Yan Maria , Bustos Samyd S. , Kuruoglu Doga , Manrique Oscar J. , Tran Nho V. , Sharaf Basel A. , Harless Christin A. , Martinez-Jorge Jorys , Forte Antonio J. , Nguyen Minh-Doan T. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Many insurance companies in the United States rely on the Schnur Sliding Scale to predict resection weights to determine medical necessity for breast reduction surgery. Accurate methods to predict resection weights are needed to avoid insurance denials. Our aim is to compare the accuracy of formulas such as Schnur, Appel, Descamps and Galveston in predicting resection weights, and to assess if it influences insurance coverage decision.

Methods:
A retrospective review of bilateral reduction mammoplasty procedures from June 2017-June 2019 was performed at Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Oncoplastic reduction surgeries were excluded. The accuracy of each formula-based estimate was evaluated with linear regression analysis.

Results:
154 patients (308 breasts) were reviewed. The Schnur had low correlation with actual resection weight (r2=0.381, b1=1.153, p<0.001). Appel was the most accurate (r2=0.642, b1=1.01, p<0.001), followed by Descamps (r2=0.572, b1=0.934, p<0.001) and Galveston (r2=0.672, b1=0.654, p<0.001) scales. Appel, Descamps and Galveston were more accurate for resection weights≥500g, BMI>30kg/m² and patients<50 years of age. For resection weights ≥500g, the median difference between the estimated and actual resection weight for Schnur, Appel, Descamps and Galveston were -211.4g ±272.3, -17.5g ±272.3, -9.6g ±229.5 and -99.2g ±238.5, respectively. None of the scales were accurate for resection weights <500g. Insurance reimbursement was denied in 15.56% patients, of these, 23% had resection weights<500g. The Schnur overestimated the resection weights in 28.9% of patients.

Conclusion:
The Schnur scale is a poor predictor of breast resection weight. Appel is the most accurate estimator, especially in the young and obese population with larger resections.
Drug discovery and potential gene and pathway associated with polycystic ovary syndrome through text mining and biomedical databases
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhao Bin , Yuan Xiao-Jing 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women of childbearing age. Although it is a leading cause of menstrual disorders, infertility, obesity, and other diseases, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the target genes, pathways, and potential drugs for PCOS through text mining.

Methods:
First, three different keywords (“polycystic ovary syndrome”, “obesity/adiposis”, and “anovulation”) were uploaded to GenCLiP3 to obtain three different gene sets. We then chose the common genes among these gene sets. Second, we performed gene ontology and signal pathway enrichment analyses of these common genes, followed by protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Third, the most significant gene module clustered in the protein–protein network was selected to identify potential drugs for PCOS via gene–drug analysis.

Results:
A total of 4291 genes related to three different keywords were obtained through text mining, 72 common genes were filtered among the three gene sets, and 69 genes participated in PPI network construction, of which 23 genes were clustered in the gene modules. Finally, six of the 23 genes were targeted by 30 existing drugs.

Conclusions:
The discovery of the six genes (CYP19A1, ESR1, IGF1R, PGR, PTGS2, and VEGFA) and 30 targeted drugs, which are associated with ovarian steroidogenesis (P <0.001), may be used in potential therapeutic strategies for PCOS.
Association of Patient Factors and Follow-Up in an International Volunteer Cleft Lip and Palate Repair Clinic in El Salvador
Authors: Van Swol Joshua M. , Wolf Bethany J. , Annan Nur B. , Hamdan Usama S. , Patel Krishna G. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
In countries which lack robust health care systems, congenital conditions such as cleft lip and/or palate deformities are often untreated in certain individuals. Many volunteer organizations have stepped in to fill this gap but certain factors, such as continuity of care, are yet to be studied for these clinics.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of 167 pediatric patients with cleft lip and/or palate residing in El Salvador treated by a nongovernmental organizations between 2011 and 2020. This data was used in univariate and multivariable models to associate particular patient factors to their likelihood of following up to their annual clinic visits.

Results:
Each 1-year increase in duration of follow-up was associated with a 27% decrease in the odds of attending a visit. In addition, 33.7% of cleft lip and 49.7% of cleft palate/cleft lip and palate patients returned at least once. Males had 36% higher odds of attending a return visit compared with females but this difference was not statistically significant. Time spent travelling to the clinic had no effect on follow-up rates.

Conclusion:
Nongovernmental organizations utilizing a diagonal care model should consider using more strategies to maximize continuity of care by increasing communication with patients and emphasizing the need of following up during clinic visits. Continued and increased collaboration with the local team is also of great importance.
Nonpharmacological approaches for improving gut resilience to chemotherapy
Authors: Bullard Brooke M. , McDonald Sierra J. , Cardaci Thomas D. , VanderVeen Brandon N. , Murphy E. Angela 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Mucositis of the gastrointestinal tract is a debilitating side effect of chemotherapy that negatively influences treatment tolerance and patient life quality. This review will evaluate the recent literature on nonpharmacological strategies that have the potential to improve chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM).

Recent findings
Alternatives to pharmacological approaches have shown great promise in preventing CIM. Natural products, including curcumin, ginseng, quercetin, and patchouli all show potential in mitigating CIM. In addition, dietary patterns, such as the elemental diet, high fiber diet, and diets high in amino acids have documented benefits in preventing CIM. Perhaps the greatest advancement coming to this arena in recent years is in the field of probiotics. Indeed, research on single species as well as probiotic mixtures show potential in reducing CIM insofar as probiotics are now being suggested for treatment of CIM by governing bodies. Although behavioral interventions including psychological interventions and exercise interventions have shown promise in reducing cancer therapy-related side effects, more work in this domain is warranted and particularly in the context of CIM.

Summary
Alternatives to pharmacological approaches show great potential for use in prevention and treatment of CIM and should be further developed for use in the clinic.