bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep investigation of the effects of open trade policies on economic growth in West Africa: The case of the ECOWAS region
Authors: Mamba Essotanam , Kodjo Evlo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of open trade policies-OTP on economic growth for the Economic Community of West African States during 1980-2017 by applying the method of fixed effect with instrumental variables. Unlike several studies, we move from the univariate to the multivariate regression to show how the coefficient of OTP reacts. The univariate regression supports the positive effect of OTP on growth. However, the multivariate regression indicates that OTP reduces significantly growth. Meanwhile, these findings are robust to various econometric techniques. Furthermore, the paper shows the complementarity relationship between OTP and financial development. The results have important policy implications.
Sinapic Acid Attenuated Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction by Promoting Macrophage M2 Polarization Through PPARγ Pathway
Authors: Yang Mei , Xiong Jun , Zou Qiang , Wang Xi , Hu Ke , Zhao Qingyan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Macrophage polarization is one of the important regulatory mechanisms of ventricular remodeling. Studies have shown sinapic acid (SA) exerts an anti-inflammatory role. However, the effect of SA on macrophage is still unclear. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of SA in macrophage polarization and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and results MI model was established by ligating left coronary artery. The rats with MI were treated with SA for 1 week or 4 weeks after MI. The effect of SA on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was also observed in vitro. Cardiac systolic dysfunction was significantly improved after SA treatment. SA reduced MCP-1 and CCR2 expressions and macrophage infiltration. SA decreased inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-1β levels and increased M2 macrophage marker CD206, Arg-1 and IL-10 levels at 1 week after MI. Myocardial interstitial fibrosis and MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were declined, and sympathetic nerve marker TH and nerve sprouting marker GAP43 were suppressed after SA treatment at 4 weeks after MI. PPARγ level was notablely upregulated after SA treatment. In vitro, SA also increased expression of PPARγ mRNA in BMDMs and IL-4 induced BMDMs in a concentration-dependent manner. SA enhanced Arg1 and IL-10 expressions in BMDMs and the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 attenuated M2 macrophage markers expressions. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that SA attenuated structural and neural remodeling by promoting macrophage M2 polarization via PPARγ activation after MI.
Comparative study of six failure criteria via numerical simulation of stamped DP600 steel
Authors: Ribas Lucas Marcondes , Gipiela Manolo Lutero , Lajarin Sergio Fernando , Filho Ravilson Antonio Chemin , Marcondes Paulo Victor Prestes 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
During the development of an automobile part obtained by stamping process, time and money are required aiming process planning and set up of a new tooling. One of the difficulties in stamping is to know if the chosen material will have sufficient formability to reach the final form required by the project. Because of this difficulty it is very interesting to propose a method that can accurately simulate the forming process. The failure criteria can be mathematical or empirical models capable of determining the onset of necking for each stress/strain states. It is interesting to find a failure criterion that can be easily determined and provides a good ability to detect the failure accurately. In this study six different failure criteria were studied. Five of them are classified as ductile damage models and they depend on the stress triaxiality and plastic strain. The last criteria depend only on the deformations in the main directions and it is called the forming limit curve (FLC). It was used computational models through finite element analysis (FEA). The formability was evaluated by monitoring the displacement of the punch until the failure of the material. Some failure criteria have been able to provide approximation errors in the range of 0.7 - 5% which makes them interesting for practical implementation in the industry.
Stress Map of India: Efforts during last 30 years
Authors: Subrahmanyam DS 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
National Institute of Rock Mechanics, Bangalore, India is actively involved in conducting in-situ stress measurements for numerous projects both in India and its neighboring countries for the last 30 years. The stress measurements were conducted at various hydroelectric project sites of Himalayan areas at a depth of 350 m from the surface and recently in-situ stress measurements were carried out at a depth of 600 m from the surface at one of the proposed mining blocks of Singareni Collieries Company Limited which is first time in India. With the available data on in-situ stress measurements, the Stress Map of India has been prepared. This is a significant contribution towards design and development of World Stress Map. These stress orientation directions are advantageously useful not only for academic study and research but also for gathering the enormous information on a global perspective to comprehend the geodynamics and plate movement.
Environmental impact of digital health
Authors: Serra César Morcillo , Tanarro Ana Aroca , Cummings Catherine , Fuertes Araceli Jimenez , Martínez José Francisco Tomás 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Digital health incorporates many efficient new solutions like tele medicine and access to digital test results and medical reports. In this retrospective study, we analyze the environmental impact of digital health activity. We evaluate the net CO2 emissions avoided through a reduction in patient travel to surgeries and medical clinics thanks to the alternative of digital appointments or the digital access to test results and medical reports which avoid the need travel into a clinic for a face-to-face visit or to pick up printed results or reports. During 2020 a total of 640,122 digital appointments were carried out by the healthcare company, which avoided 1,957 net Tons of CO2 emissions, while patients downloaded 3,064,646 digital medical reports through the company portal, which avoided a further 4,698 net Tons of CO2 emissions. These two digital health solutions avoided a net total of 6,655 Tons of CO2 emissions. The present study demonstrates that digital health, specifically digital appointments and digital reports, reduce the environmental impact of healthcare by reducing the need for patient travel, contributing both to population and planet health.
Gradient-flipping-assisted Flux-preserving Wave Reconstruction for Improved Lowspatial- Frequency Recovery and High-contrast Imaging Using in-line Holography
Authors: Keskinbora Cigdem Ozsoy , Broek Wouter Van den , Boothroyd Chris , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal , Aken Peter van , Koch Christoph 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In-line holography in the transmission electron microscope is a versatile technique, which provides real-space phase information that can be used for the correction of imaging aberrations, as well as for measuring electric and magnetic fields and strain distributions. It is able to recover high-spatial-frequency contributions to the phase effectively but suffers from the weak transfer of low-spatial-frequency information, as well as from incoherent scattering. Here, we combine gradient flipping and phase prediction in an iterative flux-preserving focal series reconstruction algorithm with incoherent background subtraction that gives extensive access to the missing low spatial frequencies. A procedure for optimizing the reconstruction parameters is presented, and results from MgO cubes, and Fe-filled C nanospheres are compared with phase images obtained using off-axis holography.
Deviation of the Orientation Angle of Direction Deep Brain Stimulation Leads Quantified by Intraoperative Stereotactic X-ray Imaging
Authors: Schmidt Josephiene , Buentjen Lars , Kaufmann Joern , Gruber Doreen , Treuer Harald , Haghikia Aiden , Voges Juergen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: Directional deep brain stimulation (dDBS) provides multiple programming options. Knowledge of the spatial lead orientation is useful for time efficient programming. Recent studies demonstrated deviations of up to 90° from the intended orientation angle. We examined the deviation of dDBS-lead orientation for leads from two different manufacturers using intraoperative stereotactic (STX) x-ray images.Methods: Intraoperative 2D-x-ray images were acquired after implantation of the first lead (TP1) and the second lead (TP2) enabling the estimation of the spatial position of the first lead at TP1 and TP2 and of changes of the orientation for a defined time period. Two investigators retrospectively estimated the orientation of the directional marker for 64 patients.Results: The mean deviation from intended spatial orientation was 40,8° ± 46.1° for all examined leads. The spatial orientation of the first lead did not significantly change within a period of approximately one hour. The degree of deviation did not differ significantly between two lead manufacturers but depended on the lead fixation technique.Conclusion: Our results showed deviations from the intended orientation angle immediately after the insertion of dDBS leads. The initial spatial orientation remained stable for approximately one hour and was not caused by technical properties of the implanted lead. Hence it was most probably the result of unintended mechanical torsion during insertion and/or fixation. Because precise determination of the lead orientation is mandatory for target-oriented dDBS programming the use of additional imaging suitable for precise 3D-visualization of lead contacts and/or the positioning marker is recommended.
Mitigation of microbial corrosion by Cu addition in X65 pipeline steel in presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Li Yuchen , Shi Xianbo , Li Jiguang , Zeng Yunpeng , Shen Minggang , Yan Wei , Yang Ke 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, we focused on the corrosion behavior of X65 pipeline steel and X65Cu pipeline steel in sterile and P. aeruginosa-containing media. The resistance of Cu-bearing X65 pipeline steel against (microbiologically influenced corrosion) MIC caused by P. aeruginosa was investigated. Results demonstrate that the corrosion rate of X65Cu pipeline steel was lower than that of X65 pipeline steel whether it was in a sterile or bacteria-containing media. It is noticeable that, in the presence of P. aeruginosa, X65Cu pipeline steel can prevent the formation of biofilm to a certain degree and reduce the corrosion rate of X65Cu pipeline steel to less than half as that of X65 pipeline steel. In addition, and the maximum pitting depth and average pitting depth of X65Cu pipeline steel were also much lower than that of X65 pipeline steel. The addition of Cu effectively reduced the corrosion of P. aeruginosa to X65 grade pipeline steel and improved the resistance to MIC pitting corrosion.
Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk Comparing Algorithmic Models and Cardiac Risk Factors in Plwha on Art With Overwiegth/ Obesity
Authors: Pérez Alberto Alejandro Miranda , Pedrol Pere Domingo , Robledo Arguiñe Ivonne Urraza , Perez Maria Elena Gutiérrez , Galarza Faviel González , Flores Pablo Ruíz , Goytia Ana Paola Roiz Bollain y , Márquez Francisco Carlos López 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was in seropositive subjects from Northern Mexico undergoing cART. Methods: This study included 186 PLWH under cART. The variables analyzed were CD4+ count, viral load, lipid profile, glucose, insulin resistance, anthropometric measures, family history of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, years of treatment and cART scheme. In this study, we used two well-established algorithmic models D:A:D (5-year period) and Framingham (10-year period) for assessing cardiovascular risk. Results: In our study, 51.3% of the PLWH had arterial hypertension; most of the subjects were diagnosed with overweight, hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome, which are factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. After the assessment with the Framingham model, risk was considered as low, while for the D:A:D model was moderate for this population. Conclusions: PLWH receiving cART present factors that may increase the risk of early heart disease including hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, smoking and age. Although risk was low/moderate after the assessment, it is important to consider other factors such as age of the subjects, overweight/obesity, smoking or coinfections, in addition to years of exposure to cART, which could increase the rate of heart disease.
Can Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis be treated without surgical intervention? – A case report.
Authors: Lami Feras , Bengheshir Abdulfattah , Abdelhamid Mohamed Hadi Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundDescending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a relatively uncommon complication of deep neck infections. We present a case of DNM that has been managed due to early diagnosis and adequate medical treatment, a rare and often lethal complication of odontogenic infections. Case presentationA 17-year-old female patient with a history of swelling in the neck, tongue and lips for two weeks was admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Cartage Clinic, Tripoli, Libya at the end of December 2019. The predominant underlying oropharyngeal infection was of odontogenic origin, specifically, infection involving the mandibular 3rd molar. The most common option for empiric therapy were broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics combined with metronidazole or clindamycin. The patient has been discharged from the hospital after four weeks, since being in good health.ConclusionIn view of our experience, we believe that only through aggressive combined medical management by antibiotics directed at both aerobic and anaerobic organisms and drainage at all pus collection sites can reverse the effect of DNM the highly morbid.
Two-Step Heat Fusion Kinetics and Mechanical Performance of Thermoplastic Interfaces
Authors: Xu Zhiping , Wang Shijun , Xu Jun , Shi Jiaxin , Shimizu Takayuki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Thermoplastic polymers and composites are ubiquitous in the industry for their reshaping and fusing capabilities at elevated temperature. The quality of heat-fused thermoplastic interfaces is of great concern for adhesion, coating, and welding applications, especially those between dissimilar materials. Kinetic evolution of the microstructures defines the mechanical performance of heat-fusion thermoplastic interfaces, which is studied here using polyethylene and polypropylene as an example. Key factors such as the viscosity and compatibility of polymers and the time and temperature of fusion are discussed by combining molecular-level simulations and structural-level hot-compression experiments. Inter-diffusion and entanglement of polymer chains are identified as the two elementary kinetic steps of the fusion, which dominate the control on the stiffness and strength of the interfaces, respectively. Experimental data shows that the quality of fused interfaces can be improved by reducing the viscosity and the interaction parameter. Following the same set of time-scaling relations as identified in the simulations, the two-step characteristics and their effects on the stiffness and strength are experimentally validated. These findings add insights into the design of fusion processes, laying the ground for the applications of thermoplastic polymers and composites.
Hydrology, Biogeochemistry and Metabolism in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Coastal Wetland Ecosystem
Authors: Béjaoui Béchir , Salem Hatem , Basti Leila , Feki-Sahnoun Wafa , Dahmani Sana , Canu Donata , Benabdallah Sihem , Blake Reginald , Norouzi Hamidreza , Solidoro Cosimo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Experimental and numerical approaches were used to assess the functioning of a flagship coastal wetland ecosystem for improved water management. Very pronounced seasonal contrast in Salinity and Chlorophyll a were found, with high correlation between Chla and Phosphorus during winter and Chla and Nitrogen during summer. Water and Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus (DIP) and Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) fluxes exhibited seasonal variation, where the lake is a source of DIN and DIP during the wet season. A considerable anthropogenic-driven amount of nitrogen is transferred into N2/N2O to the atmosphere during the dry season with predominance of denitrification-anammox processes. The primary production is impacted by forcing the respiration of the ecosystem to reduce the Net Ecosystem Metabolism so that the system is functioning as heterotrophic. Climate change and anthropogenic pressures explain the deterioration of water quality and possibly the decrease in populations of Palearctic birds, warranting depollution and effective National Wetland Management Strategies through improved water resources management.
Cytotoxicity of curcumin against CD44± prostate cancer cells: Roles of miR-383 and miR-708
Authors: Panahizadeh Reza , Vatankhah Mohammad Amin , Jeddi Farhad , Arabzadeh AmirAhmad , Nejati-Koshki Kazem , Najafzadeh Nowruz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) remaining in the tumor tissues after applying treatments may cause recurrence or metastasis of prostate cancer (PC). Curcumin has the promising potential to target CSCs. Here, we aim to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of curcumin on the expression of miR-383-5p and miR-708-5p and their target genes in CD44+ CSCs and CD44− non-CSCs isolated from the PC3 prostate cancer cell line. We used MTT assay to determine the optimal cytotoxic dose of curcumin on CD44± PC cells. Then, we assessed nuclear morphological changes using DAPi staining. We used Annexin V-FITC/PI to quantify apoptotic cell death. qRT-PCR was also used to detect miRNA and gene expression levels after curcumin treatment. Curcumin significantly enhanced the apoptosis in both CD44− and CD44+ PC cells in a dose-dependent manner (P-value < 0.05). The cytotoxicity of curcumin against CD44− cells (IC50 = 40.30 ± 2.32 µM) was found to be more effective than CD44+ cells (IC50 = 83.31 ± 2.91 µM). Also, curcumin promoted miR-383-5p and miR-708-5p overexpression while downregulating their target genes LDHA, PRDX3, and RAP1B, LSD1, respectively. Our findings indicate that curcumin, by promoting the expression of tumor suppressors, miR-383-5p and miR-708-5p, and inhibiting their target genes, induced its cytotoxicity against CD44± PC cells. We trust that curcumin could be established as a promising adjuvant therapy to current PC treatment options with more research in the clinical field.
Research On The Mapping Grinding of Dimple Surface With Ordered Pattern Based On Topological Theory
Authors: Lyu Yushan , Guoxun Wang , Li Xingshan , Qi Yongchao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to grind structured dimple surface, a topological mapping grinding method for structured dimple surface was proposed based on grinding kinematics principle and point set topology. Firstly, the topological space of the workpiece and the grinding wheel was established, and the topological features of the structured dimple surface and the structured grinding wheel were extracted based on the analysis of the morphology features of the structured surface with array, staggered and phyllotactic pattern. Then, the topology mapping equation of the grinding process was constructed based on the analysis of the generating mechanism of the dimple surface about grinding geometry, and the structured grinding wheel was designed according to the topology mapping equation. Finally, according to the grinding geometry simulation, the influence of grinding parameters on the generating of dimple surface morphology was studied, and the grinding experiment was carried out. The results show that the structured grinding wheel designed according to the topological features of the structured dimple surface can achieve the grinding of the structured dimple surface. The ground dimple surface is a topological dimple surface, and the feature parameters of the dimple surface can be changed with the change of grinding parameters, but the topological feature properties remain unchanged under the condition of satisfying the proper grinding speed ratio.
Prospective associations between parenting and attention deficit hyperactivity problems: A sibling comparison analysis
Authors: Khalifeh Lara , Jackson  
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Research suggests that parental factors like responsiveness, learning stimulation, and harshness plays a role in the development and maintenance of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Problems (ADHP). However, existing research utilizes a correlational, one-child-per-family approach that is unable to control for many confounding variables that might be accounting for links between parenting and ADHP. Consequently, it is crucial to understand whether previously unraveled associations still stand after accounting for a wide range of possible confounds. Using data from the mothers of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and their offspring (N= 11,521 participants), we employed a longitudinal, sibling comparison design to examine associations from parental responsiveness, learning stimulation, and harshness at ages 4-5, to ADHP at ages 6-9. In addition to using a sibling comparison to reduce confounding, we also controlled for maternal smoking or drinking during pregnancy, maternal age at childbirth, maternal delinquency and IQ, child gender, and birth order. At the population and sibling analysis levels, children with higher levels of learning stimulation at ages 4-5 had lower levels of ADHP at ages 6-9. Parental responsiveness and harshness at ages 4-5 did not predict child ADHP at ages 6-9. Our results highlight the significance of early learning stimulation in the development of ADHP and suggest that intervention and prevention efforts could benefit from encouraging parents to engage in cognitively stimulating activities.