bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Ustilago nuda Inoculum Concentration for Screening Un8-Mediated Loose Smut Resistance in Barley Reveals a Resistance Reaction that Disrupts Seed Germination and Suggests a Role for Abscisic Acid in Disease Development
Authors: Zang Wen , Zhang Xiang M. , Eckstein Peter E. , Yang Fan , Colin Mark , Beattie Aaron D. 
Published: November 2022

Barley loose smut has been effectively controlled for decades through resistance conferred by the Un8 gene. However, evaluation of loose smut reaction using floret inoculation at the standard inoculum concentration is associated with the production of small, discolored seeds in Un8 carriers and susceptible genotypes. Interestingly, Un8 carriers also displayed significantly poorer germination than susceptible genotypes and produce short-lived seedlings following inoculation. To understand these observations, a Un8 carrier (TR11698) and susceptible non- Un8 carrier (CDC Austenson) were assessed for seed traits, Ustilago nuda biomass in the seed, infection rate, and phytohormone profile across a range of lower inoculum concentrations. At lower inoculum concentrations, seed appearance and weight improved in both genotypes, and infection rate increased in CDC Austenson. Pathogen load in the seed was similar in both genotypes and was positively correlated with the CDC Austenson infection rate. No infection was ever observed in TR11698. Significantly, germination rate improved in CDC Austenson, whereas the very low germination rate and short-lived seedlings remained associated with TR11698. It appears that poor seed appearance in both genotypes and low germination rate in the susceptible genotype can be improved by lowering the inoculum concentration. However, the very low germination rates and seedling death associated with the Un8 carrier TR11698 are indicative of Un8-mediated resistance to loose smut. Finally, profiling of 38 phytohormones revealed that larger seeds observed at some inoculum concentrations compared with mock inoculation had higher abscisic acid concentrations. This could represent a pathogen survival strategy by ensuring better growth of the host.
Anesthesia-related Adverse Events in Obstetric Patients: A Population-based Study in Canada
Authors: Baghirzada L. , Archer D. , Walker A. , Balki M. 
Published: November 2022

(Can J Anaesth. 2022;69:72–85)
Anesthesia-related morbidity, while rare, is a useful indicator for obstetric care quality and patient safety during childbirth. Previous studies—including those correlating anesthesia complications with cardiac arrest, pre-existing conditions, living in rural areas, neuraxial block, respiratory arrest, and unrecognized spinal catheterization—focused on specific neuraxial anesthesia or specific complications instead of analyzing multiple complications within a large population. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of anesthesia complications as well as the association of anesthesia-related adverse events and medical or obstetric conditions.
Anesthesia and Developing Brains: Unanswered Questions and Proposed Paths Forward
Authors: Ing C. , Warner D.O. , Sun L.S. , Flick R.P. , Davidson A.J. , Vutskits L. , McCann M.E. , O’Leary J. , Bellinger D.C. , Rauh . , Orser B.A. , Suresh S. , Andropoulos D.B. 
Published: November 2022

(Anesthesiology. 2022;136:500–512. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004116)
Decades ago, some studies showed early exposure to anesthetics increased the risk of altered neurodevelopment while others showed no such association. The debate about any association between anesthesia and neurodevelopment continues today. As these questions affect millions of children who undergo anesthetic-requiring procedures, this report aimed to provide current preclinical and clinical evidence, unanswered questions, and research suggestions going forward.
What Obstetrician-Gynecologists Should Know About Substance Use Disorders in the Perinatal Period
Authors: Smid M.C. , Terplan M. 
Published: November 2022

(Obstet Gynecol. 2022;139:317–337. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004657)
Substance use and substance use disorders (SUD) are a huge cause for concern among obstetrician–gynecologists (ob-gyns), and overdose is a leading cause of maternal death in the United States. Although almost 20% of women one month postpartum have substance use and nearly 15% of women fall within the SUD category, ob-gyns receive little training on how to screen for and treat SUD in their patients.
Recurrence of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Relatives: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Linde L.E. , Ebbing C. , Moster D. , Kessler J. , Baghestan E. , Gissler M. , Rasmussen S. 
Published: November 2022

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021;100:2278–2284. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14262)
While postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) continues to be a serious cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide, there are very few studies on the family aggregation of PPH, and existing studies give inconsistent results. Impact of current birthweight on PPH recurrence between relatives has also not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine PPH recurrence in relatives, the impact of birthweight on PPH recurrence, and the rate at which family history of high birthweight and PPH contributes to current PPH cases.
The Association Between Birth by Caesarean Section at Term and Offspring Cognitive and Academic Performance: A Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Blake J.A. , Pelecanos A. , Najman J.M. , Callaway L. , Scott J.G. 
Published: November 2022

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;62:226–233. doi: 10.1111/ajo.13403)
There is increased recent literature suggesting an association of birth by cesarean delivery (CD) with neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Considering the world-wide utilization of CD, it is critical to understand any long-term adverse outcomes. Previous findings related to cognitive and educational outcomes in CD-born individuals are limited and conflicting, necessitating further investigation. Long-term follow-up over 5, 14, and 21 years is presented to evaluate academic performance and other cognitive measures of those delivered by elective CD versus emergency CD versus vaginal birth.
Intramuscular Tranexamic Acid: A Real-world Application of Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Cortegiani A. , Absalom A.R. , Hunt B.J. 
Published: November 2022

(Br J Anaesth. 2021;126:17–20. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.10.003)
Pharmacokinetics, while perhaps seen as arcane and opaque to the clinical practice of anesthetists, is the research data on which the foundation of all drug dosing derives. Developing the clinical dosing of tranexamic acid (TXA) was based on its pharmacokinetic properties and calibrated for administration in various applications. As an antifibrinolytic, TXA is a competitive inhibitor of plasmin, binding to its lysyl groups to inhibit the plasmin-fibrin binding interaction. It has been administered orally and intravenously as an inexpensive intervention in the setting of blood loss due to trauma, hemorrhage, and other hemostatic emergencies.
Developing an Institutional Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Course for Obstetric Anesthesiologists
Authors: Brohan J. , Taylor J. , West A. , Albert A. , Chau A. 
Published: November 2022

(Int J Obstet Anes. 2022;49:103233)
While focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) is being used more widely in medicine, obstetric anesthesiologists in the authors’ department often lacked basic FCU knowledge. The department created an initiative (FCU-op) to train FCU novices in basic knowledge and skills and create interest in FCU. The free in-house course was led by a local expert and included reading materials, an in-person workshop, and a 20-question multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ).
The Use of Transthoracic Echocardiography in Caesarean Section Surgical Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Smith B. , Dennis A. , Davies K. , Cramp P. , Gregory K. , Sturgess D. 
Published: November 2022

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;62:155–159)
During pregnancy, cardiovascular changes can cause previously unknown cardiac pathologies to become life-threatening. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can be used for identifying cardiac lesions, though there is little data of its use in high-risk postcesarean patients. This retrospective study analyzed TTEs in postcesarean patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), aiming to identify indications for TTE referral, examining the findings from TTE, and assessing whether these findings would have impacted anesthetic decisions had they been known preoperatively.
Morphology of Antemortem Dural Puncture Healing: An Ex Vivo Sheep Study
Authors: García-Vitoria C. , García -Roselló M. , Redondo J.I. , Gutiérrez-Bautista A.J. , De Andres J. , Boezaart A. , Vicente-Montaña A. , Reina M.A. 
Published: November 2022

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2022;47:131–133)
Postdural puncture headache is thought to be caused by the leaking of cerebrospinal fluid through puncture holes in the dural sac. This study used an ex vivo sheep model to examine the time and mode of closure of dural puncture holes after 1, 3, and 7 days following dural puncture.
Survival Outcomes and Resuscitation Process Measures in Maternal In-hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Thomas M. , Hejjaji . , Tang Y. , Kennedy K. , Grodzinsky A. , Chan P.S. ,   American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation Investigators
Published: November 2022

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226:401.e1–401.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.09.046)
Maternal in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is a serious concern. Hospital staff’s inability to address IHCA and perform resuscitation; obstetrical ward insufficient access to security protocols; and improper equipment may be delaying resuscitation treatment in emergent situations. This study aimed to analyze whether process measure delays were associated with survival outcome differences in pregnant and nonpregnant women with IHCA.
The Effects of Obstetric Emergency Team Training on Patient Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Brogaard L. , Glerup Lauridsen K. , Løfgren B. , Krogh K. , Paltved C. , Boie S. , Hvidman L. 
Published: November 2022

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2022;101:25–36. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14263)
Participants in simulation-based team training in obstetric emergencies often report increased confidence in their ability to manage unfolding emergencies that may present in actual practice. However, empirical data that examines the efficacy of such training on impacting clinical outcomes is incomplete. This review assesses the contribution of simulation-based training for health care providers to the outcomes of obstetric emergencies.
Mortality, In-Hospital Morbidity, Care Practices, and 2-Year Outcomes for Extremely Preterm Infants in the United States, 2013-2018
Authors: Bell E. , Hintz S. , Hansen N. , Bann C. , Wyckoff M. , DeMaruo S. , Walsh M. , Vohr B. , Stoll B. , Carlo W. , Van Meurs K. , Rysavy M. , Patel R. , Merhar S. , Sanchez P. , Laptook A. , Hibbs A. , Cotten C.M. , D’Angio C. , Winter S. , Fuller J. , Das A. 
Published: November 2022

(JAMA. 2022;327:248–263. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.2358)
While mortality rates of preterm infants have decreased over time, differences in age assessment, assessment instruments, and other factors have made determining neurodevelopmental outcomes difficult. This study used data collected from preterm infants born before the gestational age of 29 weeks between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018 from 19 network centers in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.
Treating Hypertension in Pregnancy
Authors: Greene M. , Williams W. 
Published: November 2022

(N Engl J Med. 2022;386:1846–1847. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2203388)
Chronic hypertension impacts 2.2% of 3.7 million births in 2019 in the United States, and this number continues to grow, likely due to the increasing rate (55.9% of all pregnancies in 2019) of obesity in pregnancy and the number of pregnancies occurring after the maternal age of 35. Impacts of maternal hypertension include preeclampsia, eclampsia, stroke, heart failure, pulmonary edema, acute kidney injury, placental abruption, increased risk of preterm birth, failed fetal growth, perinatal death, and maternal death. Unfortunately, Black women are specifically affected. In an effort to combat this, medication and other medical treatment are given to those women suffering from severe chronic hypertension. However, small original studies examining the impact of hypertension treatment on those with less severe or mild chronic hypertension did not demonstrate improvement. In fact, the fetus was possibly negatively impacted.
Extracellular Vesicles in Preeclampsia: Can Small Packages Carry a Big Punch?
Authors: Hess P. , Winn V. 
Published: November 2022

(Anesth Analg. 2022;134:710–712)
Globally, 9%, 5%, and 1.2% of pregnancies are complicated by preeclampsia, developing preeclampsia, and eclampsia, respectively. These complicated pregnancies represent 8% to 16% of maternal pregnancy deaths in high-income countries. In addition, these medical conditions often result in persistent vascular dysfunction after delivery, increased risk of lifelong hypertension and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, renal failure, and a 40% increase in premature mortality for the mother. In the child, hypertensive disorders often result in preterm delivery and subsequent severe complications of prematurity. This article analyzes two primary possible causes for preeclampsia and their corresponding studies.
Outcomes Associated With Antibiotic Administration for Isolated Maternal Fever in Labor
Authors: Bank T.C. , Nuss E. , Subedi K. , Hoffman M.K. , Sciscione A. 
Published: November 2022

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226:255.e1–7)
Maternal fever may be a sign of intraamniotic infection and inflammation, which are associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity. Antibiotic administration is recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in the presence of isolated maternal fever—with no additional signs of intraamniotic infection. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of antibiotic treatment in patients with isolated maternal fever.
Association of SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Serious Maternal Morbidity and Mortality From Obstetric Complications
Authors: Metz T.D. , Clifton R.G. , Hughes B.L. , Sandoval G.J. , Grobman W.A. , Saade G.R. , Manuck T.A. , Longo M. , Sowles A. , Clark K. , Simhan H.N. , Rouse D.J. , Mendez-Figueroa H. , Gyamfi-Bannerman C. , Bailit J.L. , Costantine M.M. , Sehdev H.M. , Tita A.T.N. , Macones G.A. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: November 2022

(JAMA. 2022;327:748–759)
While pregnant patients with COVID-19 are at an increased risk of severe maternal morbidity related to the virus, it is not clear whether SARS-CoV-2 also increases the risk of maternal morbidity related to obstetric complications. The most common causes of obstetric morbidity in the United States are hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and other infections. Patients with COVID-19 may receive fewer visits or be isolated, possibly delaying evaluation and treatment. COVID-19 can cause irregularities in coagulation and hypertension, which may also play a role in obstetric morbidity. This study investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the risk of maternal morbidity or mortality from obstetric complications including PPH, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, or infections.
Interventions to Prevent Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Women With Singleton Pregnancy Who Are at High Risk: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Care A. , Nevitt S.J. , Medley N. , Donegan S. , Goodfellow L. , Hampson L. , Tudur Smith C. , Alfirevic Z. 
Published: November 2022

(BMJ. 2022;376:e064547. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-064547)
Two-thirds of preterm births (<37 wk gestation) occur spontaneously, while one-third are intentionally induced. Patients at risk of spontaneous preterm birth may or may not exhibit symptoms. Among high-risk patients without symptoms, cervical length <25 mm and history of spontaneous preterm birth are the 2 strongest predictors of a subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. In the United Kingdom, vaginal progesterone or cervical cerclage are the recommended interventions for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in patients with those 2 predictors, though only 16% of preterm birth clinics in the UK routinely administer vaginal progesterone in this setting. This study used network meta-analysis estimates and compares the effectiveness of vaginal progesterone and cervical cerclage in preventing spontaneous preterm birth in at-risk patients.
Letter to the Editor: Management of Placental Transfusion to Neonates After Delivery
Authors: Lerner H.M. 
Published: November 2022

(Obstet Gynecol. 2022;139:693. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004740)
This article comments on “Management of Placental Transfusion to Neonates After Delivery” by McAdams and Lakshminrusimha. While the article was interesting, it does not sufficiently support the conclusions made. The authors concluded that the practice of delayed umbilical cord clamping is beneficial for preterm and term neonates, yet the article only supports preterm delayed cord clamping. Statements regarding delayed umbilical cord clamping for late preterm and term neonates requires further support and evidence-based research.
Implications of Nocebo in Anaesthesia Care
Authors: Arrow K. , Burgoyne L.L. , Cyna A.M. 
Published: November 2022

(Anaesthesia. 2022;77(suppl 1):11–20. doi: 10.1111/anae.15601)
Nocebo, sometimes recognized as the adverse counterpart to placebo, refers to an increased pain sensitivity related to a previous experience or communication that confers a negative expectation for the course of an intervention. These unfavorable responses potentially can be mitigated by certain presentation tactics by providers. Conversely, the lack of awareness of the nocebo effect in provider interactions and other situational circumstances may, intentionally or unintentionally, induce or exacerbate “real” side-effects that are unpleasant for the patient. The literature attributes many factors to the patient’s experience of nocebo and brings the potential for this consideration to enter into every physician-patient anesthesia encounter.
Neonatal Outcomes Following Phenylephrine or Norepinephrine for Treatment of Spinal Anesthesia-induced Hypotension at Emergency Cesarean Section in Women With Fetal Compromise: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Mohta M. , Bambode N. , Chilkoti G.T. , Agarwal R. , Malhotra R.K. , Batra P. 
Published: November 2022

(Int J Obstet Anes. 2022;49:103247)
While phenylephrine is the current preferred treatment for spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in patients undergoing cesarean delivery (CD), norepinephrine may be equally effective while reducing the incidence of maternal bradycardia. Norepinephrine may also be associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, such as lower umbilical artery pH. Studies comparing the 2 have so far been conducted using healthy patients. This study aimed to compare phenylephrine and norepinephrine in terms of neonatal outcomes, specifically umbilical artery pH, in patients with fetal compromise.
Infrared Thermographic Assessment of Spinal Anesthesia-related Temperature Changes During Cesarean Section
Authors: Murphy B. , McCaul C.C.L. , O’Flaherty D. 
Published: November 2022

(Int J Obstet Anes. 2022;49:103245)
Spinal anesthesia is often assessed by the subjective method of cold and light touch perception. Inadequate anesthesia can cause pain during surgery and negligence claims. Infrared thermography (ITH) objectively measures skin surface temperature, which increases during spinal anesthesia due to blood vessel dilatation and increased blood flow. There have been conflicting results in studies investigating skin temperature changes during neuraxial anesthesia in nonpregnant patients. This study aimed to determine whether ITH measured consistent and significant skin temperature changes during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery (CD).
Regional Analgesia Following Caesarean Section: New Kid and a Block?
Authors: Kearsley R. , Campbell J.P. 
Published: November 2022

(Anaesthesia. 2022;77:376–379. doi: 10.1111/anae.15646)
It is anticipated by the World Health Organization (WHO) that the rapidly rising global trend for cesarean delivery (CD) will increase from 21.1% in 2022 to 28.5% in 2030, accounting for 38 million CD per year. Mitigating pain after CD is an important focus, as high pain scores can develop into chronic pain for the mother, prevent bonding with and caring for the infant, and may exacerbate postpartum depression risk.
Effect of anatomical differences and intraocular lens design on negative dysphotopsia
Authors: van Vught Luc , Que Ivo , Luyten Gregorius P.M. , Beenakker Jan-Willem M. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To assess the effect of ocular anatomy and intraocular lens (IOL) design on negative dysphotopsia (ND).

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Design:
Ray-tracing study based on clinical data.

Methods:
Ray-tracing simulations were performed to assess the effect of anatomical differences and differences in IOL design on the peripheral retinal illumination. To that end, eye models that incorporate clinically measured anatomical differences between eyes of patients with ND and eyes of pseudophakic controls were created. The anatomical differences included pupil size, pupil centration, and iris tilt. The simulations were performed with different IOL designs, including a simple biconvex IOL design and a more complex clinical IOL design with a convex–concave anterior surface. Both IOL designs were analyzed using a clear edge and a frosted edge. As ND is generally considered to be caused by a discontinuity in peripheral retinal illumination, this illumination profile was determined for each eye model and the severity of the discontinuity was compared between eye models.

Results:
The peripheral retinal illumination consistently showed a more severe discontinuity in illumination with ND-specific anatomy. This difference was the least pronounced, 8%, with the frosted edge clinical IOL and the most pronounced, 18%, with the clear edge biconvex IOL.

Conclusions:
These results show that small differences in the ocular anatomy or IOL design affect the peripheral retinal illumination. Therewith, they can increase the severity of ND by up to 18%.
Noncoding rare variants in PANX3 are associated with chronic back pain
Authors: Belonogova Nadezhda M. , Kirichenko Anatoly V. , Freidin Maxim B. , Williams Frances M. K. , Suri Pradeep , Aulchenko Yurii S. , Axenovich Tatiana I. , Tsepilov Yakov A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Back pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide, yet surprisingly, little is known regarding the biology underlying this condition. The impact of genetics is known for chronic back pain: its heritability is estimated to be at least 40%. Large genome-wide association studies have shown that common variation may account for up to 35% of chronic back pain heritability; rare variants may explain a portion of the heritability not explained by common variants. In this study, we performed the first gene-based association analysis of chronic back pain using UK Biobank imputed data including rare variants with moderate imputation quality. We discovered 2 genes, SOX5 and PANX3, influencing chronic back pain. The SOX5 gene is a well-known back pain gene. The PANX3 gene has not previously been described as having a role in chronic back pain. We showed that the association of PANX3 with chronic back pain is driven by rare noncoding intronic polymorphisms. This result was replicated in an independent sample from UK Biobank and validated using a similar phenotype, dorsalgia, from FinnGen Biobank. We also found that the PANX3 gene is associated with intervertebral disk disorders. We can speculate that a possible mechanism of action of PANX3 on back pain is due to its effect on the intervertebral disks.