bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐Scale Ultra‐Robust MoS2 Patterns Directly Synthesized on Polymer Substrate for Flexible Sensing Electronics
Authors: Li Weiwei , Xu Manzhang , Gao Jiuwei , Zhang Xiaoshan , Huang He , Zhao Ruoqing , Zhu Xigang , Yang Yabao , Luo Lei , Chen Mengdi , Ji Hongjia , Zheng Lu , Wang Xuewen , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSynthesis of large‐area patterned MoS2 is considered the principle base for realizing high‐performance MoS2‐based flexible electronic devices. Patterning and transferring MoS2 films to target flexible substrates, however, require conventional multi‐step photolithography patterning and transferring process, despite tremendous progress in the facilitation of practical applications. Herein, an approach to directly synthesize large‐scale MoS2 patterns that combines inkjet printing and thermal annealing is reported. An optimal precursor ink is prepared that can deposit arbitrary patterns on polyimide films. By introducing a gas atmosphere of argon/hydrogen (Ar/H2), thermal treatment at 350 °C enables an in situ decomposition and crystallization in the patterned precursors and, consequently, results in the formation of MoS2. Without complicated processes, patterned MoS2 is obtained directly on polymer substrate, exhibiting superior mechanical flexibility and durability (≈2% variation in resistance over 10,000 bending cycles), as well as excellent chemical stability, which is attributed to the generated continuous and thin microstructures, as well as their strong adhesion with the substrate. As a step further, this approach is employed to manufacture various flexible sensing devices that are insensitive to body motions and moisture, including temperature sensors and biopotential sensing systems for real‐time, continuously monitoring skin temperature, electrocardiography, and electromyography signals.
Glucose‐Responsive Enzymatic Cascade Microreactors in Gas‐Shearing Microfluidics Microcapsules
Authors: Qu Qingli , Cheng Weixia , Zhang Xiaoli , Ravanbakhsh Hossein , Tang Guosheng , Zhou Aying , Pei Dong , Xiong Ranhua , Huang Chaobo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnzymatic cascade reactions are essential for metabolic pathway and biological signal transduction in living cells. More and more attention has been paid to artificial microreactors, which mimic these efficient, methodical, and selective biological cascade catalytic systems in cells. Natural hydrogels such as alginate and chitosan are thought of as suitable materials for matching the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties with extracellular matrix. Inspired by the structures of eukaryotic cells, alginate/chitosan multicompartment microcapsules for enzymatic cascade reaction are developed using an oil‐free gas‐shearing method. Multiple enzymes as biocatalysts are encapsulated in the particles to resemble complex physiological reactions. Biocatalysts, including glucose oxidase and peroxidase in alginate Janus core as a model, sense the external hyperglycemic environment, resulting in insulin release following chitosan shell protonation. The microcapsules show an excellent recyclability, room‐temperature long‐term and anti‐proteolysis stability. The microreactor approach leads to the development of a multi‐enzymatic cascade reaction system and provides an ideal carbohydrate platform to further understand the biomimetic metabolic function of organelles and organs.
Boosting Photocatalytic N2 Fixation on N‐Defect g‐C3N4/WO3: the Synergistic Effects of Nitrogen Vacancy and Z‐Scheme Heterojunction
Authors: Shang Huan , Ye Xingyu , Jia Hongbao , Zhu Qiong , Zhang Dieqing , Wang Ding , Li Guisheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotocatalytic nitrogen fixation is a promising strategy for ammonia synthesis under mild conditions by using solar energy, but N2 activation remains a great challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that a Z‐scheme g‐C3N4/WO3 heterojunction possessing abundant nitrogen vacancies exhibits the highly enhanced activity for photocatalytic N2 fixation through efficient nitrogen molecular activation compared with pristine NVs‐g‐C3N4 and WO3 photocatalysts. The construction of the internal electric field induced by Z‐scheme NVs‐g‐C3N4/WO3 heterojunction allows a rapid charge carrier separation and simultaneously maintains the powerful redox ability of photogenerated charge carriers, defined by the covalent CO bond. Moreover, nitrogen vacancy plays a crucial role in the adsorption/activation of N2, which substantially facilitates the hydrogenation to generate NH3. According to experimental and theoretical investigations, photocatalytic N2 fixation on NVs‐g‐C3N4/WO3 composites is proposed to be energetically favorable in the alternating pathway. This study offers an alternative way for the design of efficient photocatalysts for photocatalytic N2 fixation.
Understanding and Improving Mechanical Stability in Electrodeposited Cu and Bi for Dynamic Windows Based on Reversible Metal Electrodeposition
Authors: McAndrews Gabriel R. , Yeang Andrew L. , Cai Yuchun , Barile Christopher J. , McGehee Michael D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDynamic windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition (RME) can electronically adjust light transmission from ≈70% to <0.1% to improve building aesthetics and energy efficiency by controlling light and heat flow. For RME devices using Cu and Bi, the windows reach “privacy state” (<0.1% transmission) when ≈180 nm of metal is electrodeposited on the transparent conducting electrode. When films with a plated atomic Cu–Bi ratio of ≈2:1 rest in the privacy state, sinusoidal cracks form across the entire film, and the metal delaminates in <1 day. This mechanical failure renders the window unusable as specks of metal are visually unattractive and reduce the dynamic range of the window. The Cu–Bi film is stress free upon deposition, but after 4 h of resting, 38 MPa of tensile stress develops. The tension in Cu–Bi and Cu films combined with the Cu(ClO4)2in the electrolyte results in severe, widespread fractures and delamination due to stress corrosion cracking. In contrast, electrodeposited Bi films have compressive stress, likely due to high self‐diffusion and insertion of atoms into grain boundaries while plating, which results in a Bi‐based dynamic window with crack‐free resting stability that exceeds 9 weeks.
Filling the Core EPA 10 assessment void: A framework for individual assessment of Core Entrustable professional activity 10 competencies in medical students
Authors: Miller Danielle T. , Gibb William , Caretta‐Weyer Holly , Ng Kristen , Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S. , Gisondi Michael A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel curriculum and assessment tool for Core Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) 10 competencies and entrustment scoring in a cohort of medical students in their emergency medicine (EM) clerkship using a framework of individualized, ad hoc, formative assessment. Core EPA 10 is an observable workplace‐based activity for graduating medical students to recognize a patient requiring urgent or emergent care and initiate evaluation and management.MethodsThis is a prospective, pretest–posttest study of medical students during their EM clerkship. Using the Thomas and Kern framework, we created a curriculum of simulation cases about chest pain/cardiac arrest and respiratory distress, which included novel assessment checklists, and instructional videos about recognizing and managing emergencies. Students were individually pretested on EPA 10 competencies using the simulation cases. Two raters scored students using standardized checklists. Students then watched instructional videos, underwent a posttest with the simulation cases, and were scored again by the two raters using the checklists. Differences between pretest and posttest scores were analyzed using paired t‐tests and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.ResultsSeventy‐three out of 85 (86%) students completed the curriculum. Mean scores from pretest to final posttest in the chest pain/cardiac arrest and respiratory distress cases significantly improved from 14.8/19 (SD 1.91), to 17.1/19 (SD = 1.00), t(68) = 10.56, p < 0.001, and 8.5/13 (SD 1.79), to 11.1/13(SD 0.89), t(67) = 11.15, p < 0.001, respectively. The kappa coefficients were 0.909 (n = 2698, p < 0.001) and 0.931 (n = 1872, p < 0.001). Median modified Chen entrustment scores improved from 1b (i.e., “Watch me do this”) to 2b (i.e., “I'll watch you”) for the chest pain/cardiac arrest case (p < 0.001) and 1b/2a (i.e., “Watch me do this”/ “Let's do this together”) to 3a (i.e. “You go ahead, and I'll double‐check all of your findings”) for the respiratory distress case (p < 0.001).ConclusionA new directed curriculum of standardized simulation cases and asynchronous instructional videos improved medical student performance in EPA 10 competencies and entrustment scores. This study provides a curricular framework to support formative individualized assessments for EPA 10.
Education Theory Made Practical: Creating open educational resources via an apprenticeship model
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Krzyzaniak Sara M. , Natesan Sreeja , Quinn Antonia , Robinson Daniel , Fant Abra , Sherbino Jonathan , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionClinical faculty may have limited knowledge of education theories and best practices in health professions education. Many faculty development programs focus on passive learning with limited application to practice. There is a need for more active engagement for early career educators.MethodsWe created an apprenticeship‐based electronic book series focused on translating education theories into practical applications for clinician educators. Chapters were authored by teams of two to four geographically separated early career educators, who were tasked with explaining an education theory and relating it to their educational practice. The chapters underwent internal peer review, followed by open peer review as a blog post and eventual publication. Usage data were collected, and surveys were sent to authors and end‐users.ResultsSix volumes (60 total chapters) have been created to date by 180 unique authors and 17 editors over a 6‐year period. There have been 65,571 total blog page views and 17,180 total book downloads across the five published volumes. Authors reported an increase in their perceived knowledge (pre 2.6 ± 1.7 vs. post 7.2 ± 1.1, mean difference 4.5/9.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.0–5.0, p < 0.001) after writing their chapter. Authors also reported career benefits including authorship for academic advancement/promotion and developing an area of education theory expertise. End‐users also reported a mean increase in their perceived knowledge (pre 4.4 ± 2.5 vs. post 7.3 ± 1.4, mean difference 2.9/9.0, 95% CI 2.1–3.8, p < 0.001) after reading a chapter.ConclusionThe Education Theory Made Practical electronic book series represents a proof of concept for an apprenticeship‐based model to teach education theory, while also creating scholarship and open access resources for the broader community.
Boosting Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Using Inter‐Facet Edge Rich WO3 Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Conversion
Authors: Li He , Lin Cheng , Yang Yilong , Dong Chaoran , Min Yulin , Shi Xiaoqin , Wang Luyang , Lu Siyu , Zhang Kan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWater oxidation reaction leaves room to be improved in the development of various solar fuel productions, because of the kinetically sluggish 4‐electron transfer process of oxygen evolution reaction. In this work, we realize reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2O2 and OH⋅, formations by water oxidation with total Faraday efficiencies of more than 90 % by using inter‐facet edge (IFE) rich WO3 arrays in an electrolyte containing CO32−. Our results demonstrate that the IFE favors the adsorption of CO32− while reducing the adsorption energy of OH⋅, as well as suppresses surface hole accumulation by direct 1‐electron and indirect 2‐electron transfer pathways. Finally, we present selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol by in situ using the formed OH⋅, which delivers a benzaldehyde production rate of ≈768 μmol h−1 with near 100 % selectivity. This work offers a promising approach to tune or control the oxidation reaction in an aqueous solar fuel system towards high efficiency and value‐added product.
Negligible Ion Migration in Tin‐Based and Tin‐Doped Perovskites
Authors: Ighodalo Kester O. , Chen Wenjing , Liang Zheng , Shi Yongliang , Chu Shenglong , Zhang Yihan , Khan Rashid , Zhou Hongmin , Pan Xu , Ye Jiajiu , Xiao Zhengguo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIon migration is a notorious phenomenon observed in ionic perovskite materials. It causes several severe issues in perovskite optoelectronic devices such as instability, current hysteresis, and phase segregation. Here, we report that, in contrast to lead halide perovskites (LHPs), no ion migration or phase segregation was observed in tin halide perovskites (THPs) under illumination or an electric field. The origin is attributed to a much stronger Sn‐halide bond and higher ion migration activation energy (Ea) in THPs, which remain nearly constant under illumination. We further figured out the threshold Ea for the absence of ion migration to be around 0.65 eV using the CsSnyPb1‐y(I0.6Br0.4)3 system whose Ea varies with Sn ratios. Our work shows that ion migration does not necessarily exist in all perovskites and suggests metallic doping to be a promising way of stopping ion migration and improving the intrinsic stability of perovskites.
Electrowriting of silk fibroin: Towards 3D fabrication for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Hai Abdul Moqeet , Yue Zhilian , Beirne Stephen , Wallace Gordon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrowriting (EW) successfully combines the principles of two widely studied biofabrication techniques; 3D printing and electrospinning, and is capable of producing complex architectures, with submicron resolutions. However, the EW process so far is limited mainly to thermoplastic polymers of synthetic origin such as poly ε‐caprolactone. Herein we demonstrate the EW of silk fibroin (SF) on an in‐house build setup to identify the compatibility of water‐based SF ink with EW. More specifically, we optimized the SF ink composition and investigated the effect of EW process parameters including ink concentration, collector translation speed, applied voltage, and distance between nozzle and collector on filament orientation and diameter. During SF ink preparation, control over the silk degumming process and ink concentration enabled modulation of rheology and surface tension properties of SF inks. We envision that the EW of hydrophilic SF will offer a new class of material structures with biological properties akin to natural systems.
Using SBS/terpene‐styrene resin blends as a novel high‐viscosity asphalt modifier
Authors: Chen Liqi , Zhang Zengping , Wang Zhaofei , Liu Hao , Zhang Dali , Sun Jia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo improve the inferior stability in high‐viscosity asphalt prepared using styrene‐butadiene‐styrene block copolymer (SBS) and to simplify the preparation process, a novel high‐viscosity modifier (STP) was prepared with SBS, terpene‐styrene resin (TSR) and plasticizer. Its inherent properties, optimal dosage, and modification effect were investigated. The results show that STP has lower component melting temperature and stronger polarity, combined with good thermal stability, ensuring that STP possesses a better modification effect on asphalt. 14.5–17.6 wt% was determined as the appropriate content of STP. The incorporation of STP improved the rutting resistance and elasticity percentage of the asphalt. The zero shear viscosity (ZSV) of asphalt fitted by the Carreau model showed that STP increased the cohesion of the asphalt system and improved the high‐temperature deformation resistance. The small non‐recoverable creep compliance value proves that the STP high‐viscosity asphalt (STP‐HVA) exhibits excellent resistance to permanent deformation at high‐temperatures while displaying low‐stress sensitivity and achieving an extremely heavy traffic rating. STP confers greater flexibility to asphalt to eliminate low‐temperature cracking phenomenon. Smaller CMAI and PAAI values demonstrate that STP‐HVA exhibits outstanding aging resistance. TSR effectively improves the compatibility of SBS and base asphalt, and STP particles are finely dispersed and uniform. The preparation process is mainly physical modification, accompanied by chemical reactions.
New 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐chalcone/benzimidazole hybrids as potent antiproliferative agents
Authors: Hagar Fatma Fouad , Abbas Samar H. , Abdelhamid Dalia , Gomaa Hesham A. M. , Youssif Bahaa G. M. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA series of new 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐chalcone/benzimidazole hybrids 9a–o and 10a–k were designed and synthesized as potential antiproliferative agents. Hybrids 9a–o exhibited remarkable antiproliferative activities on different NCI‐60 cell lines in a single‐dose assay. The antiproliferative activities of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated against a panel of four human cancer cell lines (A‐549, MCF‐7, Panc‐1, and HT‐29). Compounds 9g–i and their oxygen isosteres, 10f–h, exhibited promising antiproliferative activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.80 to 2.27 µM compared to doxorubicin (IC50 ranging from 0.90 to 1.41 µM). Furthermore, the inhibitory potency of these compounds against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and BRAFV600E kinases was evaluated using erlotinib as a reference drug. Molecular modeling studies were done to investigate the binding mode of the most active hybrids in the ATP binding site of EGFR.
Predicting Small Molecule Activation including Catalytic Hydrogenation of Dinitrogen Promoted by a Dual Lewis Acid
Authors: Dong Shicheng , Zhu Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor decades, N2 activation and functionalization have required the use of transition metal complexes. Thus, it is one of the most challenging projects to activate the abundant dinitrogen through metal‐free systems under mild conditions. Here, we demonstrate a proof‐of‐concept study on the catalytic hydrogenation of dinitrogen (with activation energy as low as 15.3 kcal mol−1) initiated by a dual Lewis acid (DLA) via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, such a DLA could be also used to activate a series of small molecules including carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, N‐ethylenemethylamine, and acetonitrile. It is found that aromaticity plays an important role in stabilizing intermediates and products. Our findings provide an alternative approach to N2 activation and functionalization, highlighting a great potential of DLA for small molecule activation.
Room‐Temperature Dialkylamination of Chloroheteroarenes Using a Cu(II)/PTABS Catalytic System
Authors: Shet Harshita , Patel Manisha , Waikar Jyoti M. , More Pavan M. , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Kapdi Anant R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe dimethylamino functionality has significant importance in industrially relevant molecules and methodologies to install these efficiently are highly desirable. We report herein a highly efficient, room‐temperature dimethylamination of chloroheteroarenes performed via the in‐situ generation of dimethylamine using N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as precursor wiith a large substrate scope that includes various heteroarenes, purines as well as commercially relevant drugs such as altretamine, ampyzine and puromycin precursor.
Efficient AcFc‐[FeIII(acac)3] Redox Couple for Non‐aqueous Redox Flow Battery at Low Temperature
Authors: Rahaman Mazumder Md Motiur , Islam Rezoanul , Khan M. Azizur R. , Anis‐Ul‐Haque K. M. , Rahman Mohammed M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe temperature dependency of the electrochemical analysis of acetyl ferrocene (AcFc) and iron(III) acetylacetonate ([Fe(acac)3]) has been investigated for non‐aqueous redox flow batteries (NARFBs). AcFc and [Fe(acac)3] were utilized as catholyte and anolyte species, respectively, in an electrochemical cell with a cell voltage of 1.41 V and Coulombic efficiencies >99% for up to 50 total cycles at room temperature (RT, 25 °C). Experiments with a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) indicate that the diffusion coefficient reduces with decreasing temperature from 25 °C to 0 °C, yet the overall storage capacity was higher than that of an aqueous redox flow battery (ARFBs). The electrochemical kinetic rate constant (k0) of AcFc was found to be greater than that of [Fe(acac)3]. However, the value of k0 was not affected by the variable temperature. 1H NMR investigations reveal that temperature change during battery trials did not occur in any structural modification. The obtained result demonstrates the suitability of this battery at low temperatures.
Effects of radiotherapy on the survival of patients with malignant spermatic cord tumors: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Yifu , Zhang Zhicheng , Wang Jinxiang , Wang Siyuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMalignant spermatic cord tumors (SCT) are rare and currently, there is no consensus regarding the role of radiotherapy in their treatment. This study evaluated the effect of radiotherapy on the overall survival (OS) of patients with malignant SCT based on the large‐sample advantage of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsPatients with malignant SCT recorded in the SEER database from 1975 to 2016 were included. All patients were divided into non‐radiation and radiation groups, and propensity score matching (PSM) (1:1) was performed for baseline covariates between the two groups. The overall survival rate between the two groups of patients was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier curve. The effects of radiotherapy on patient prognosis were analyzed using univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses.ResultsIn total, 389 patients with malignant SCT were included. There were 285 (73.26%) and 104 (26.74%) patients who either did or did not receive radiotherapy, respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves before and after PSM showed no significant differences in OS between the two groups. Similarly, multivariate COX regression models before and after PSM showed that radiotherapy was not an independent risk factor for OS in patients with malignant SCT.ConclusionsRadiotherapy has no obvious advantage in improving the survival time of patients with malignant SCT.