bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinico-pathological spectrum of Childhood Central Nervous System Tumors in Iraq: A Single-Institutional Study
Authors: Al-Jumaily Usama , Al-Safi Rasha , Al-Mosawi Sabah , Al-Obaidy Homam , Fawzi Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The present retrospective study analyzed the spectrum of pediatric CNS tumors in a single tertiary hospital in Iraq.
Methods: Data regarding frequencies of various primary CNS tumors (diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification), in pediatric patients (<18 yrs. of age), were collected from a single tertiary care hospital in Iraq for a period 2014-2017.
Results: fifty-four children were diagnosed with primary CNS tumors. The most common primary pediatric CNS tumors were medulloblastoma (37%), followed by low grade gliomas (29.6%), high grade gliomas (0.011% ), CNS germinoma (0.09%), supratentorial primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors and ependymomas (0.037% for each). Rare tumors encountered were oligodendrogliomas, choroid plexus carcinoma, and pineoblastoma (0.18% for each). The most common low grade gliomas tumor was pilocytic astrocytoma.
Conclusions: This is the first study reporting the spectrum of CNS tumors in children in Iraq. Except for a higher frequency of CNS germinoma, the profile of other pediatric CNS tumors in Iraq is relatively similar to that reported in other countries.
Prevalence of dental trauma in 5-6, 12 and 15-year-old children in Iran
Authors: Al-Shuhayeb Muna , Ghaznavi Dara , Parandeh Shirvan Hoda , Ghasemianpour M , Khoshnevisan MH 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence of dental trauma among the 5-6, 12 and 15-year-old Iranian children. Age, sex and place of residence of children with dental trauma and the correlation between parental level of education and prevalence of dental trauma were also evaluated.
Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, we used the 2012-national survey data on oral health, which included a sample of Iranian individuals recruited from all provinces of Iran. A cluster random sample of 26,000 children in 3 age groups were included in this study. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis after quality control and data clean up.
Results: The overall prevalence of dental trauma was 4.1% for the total sample. This value was 5.4% in boys and 3.1% in girls. The most common age of occurrence was 15 years (6%) followed by 12 years (4.9%) and 5-6 years (1.5%) of age. The highest percentage of dental trauma in 12 and 15-year-old children was noted in â€œKohkiloye and Boyerahmadâ€ Province. Higher level of parental education was associated with lower frequency of trauma in all age groups. The prevalence of dental trauma was lower among those residing in rural compared with urban areas.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated relatively high prevalence of dental traumatic injuries among 5-15 year-old Iranian children (4.1%). Based on the reported associations, more effort is necessary to educate all parents and children on trauma prevention with priority in urban areas.
Application of Platelet Rich Fibrin in the Regeneration of Intra Oral Defects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al-Shuhayeb Muna , Meymandi Mansour , Talebi Ardakani Mohammad Reza , Amid Reza , Poursafar Farzaneh , Rahimi Hossein Mohammad , Al-Maawi Sarah , Ghanaati Shahram , Moscowchi Anahita 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To systematically review the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the effect of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) concentrate on the tissue regeneration of intra-oral defects.
Methods: An electronic search was performed in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Library using relevant keywords until June 2018. RCTs which used PRF concentrate for treatment of intrabony defects, sinus augmentation, furcation involvement, endo-periodontal lesions, gingival recession, and ridge preservation were included in the present review.
Results: In total, 79 studies that were used PRF either solely or mixed in human trials were included and divided based on the defect type. Most of the studies used PRF to treat intra-bony defects showed that it would improve treatment outcomes. In case of furcation involvement, the application of L-PRF in addition to open flap debridement improved the bone regeneration in grade II mandibular furcation involvement. In case of ridge preservation and sinus floor augmentation, the results were controversial.
Conclusions: The result of the current systematic review implied that the treatment outcome of PRF application for periodontal and soft tissue repair depends on the treatment strategies and type of the defect. It was shown to PRF application is a practical approach to accelerate and enhance new bone formation in human studies in intrabony defects and furcation involvements. However, further clinical trials for evaluation of other types of intra-oral defects are required.
Valproic acid enhances the paclitaxel activity in respiratory tract cancer cells
Authors: Al-Khafaji Ahmed Salim Kadhim , Alnefaie Ghaliah , Al-Shammari Ahmed Majeed 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Epigenetic therapies have already been introduced into clinical cancer management. The main objective of this study is to explore the potential of modulating paclitaxel efficiency using two epigenetic modifiers; valproic acid and decitabin.
Methods: the potential sensitisation of lung and oral cancer cells to paclitaxel was examined by two well-known epigenetic modifiers; the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor Decidabine and histone deacetylase (HDAC) class I inhibitor Valproic acid (VPA). The effect epigenetic modifiers were tested using qPCR and pyrosequencing techniques utilising respiratory tract cancerous tissues and cell lines.
Results: The results exhibited that VPA was an effective epigenetic sensitizer for treating lung and head and neck cancerous cells (A549, SKLU1 and BHY). 48 hours prior to paclitaxel addition, a significant increase (p<0.01) of the paclitaxel toxicity was observed when the cancer cells pre-treated with VPA for 48hr and subsequently with paxlitaxel for 72 hours. Interestingly, mRNA expression of AURKA was reduced by VPA treatment. The result also demonstrated that p53 status was involved in VPA- mediated paclitaxel sensitisation of HBEC cell lines to paclitaxel. VPA seems to potentiate p53 wild type cells (HBEC-3KT) to paclitaxel, while p53 HBEC knockouts showed less cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel after exposure to 0.5 mM VPA. On the other hand, decitabin was not efficient to sensitise any of the cell lines to paclitaxel when used in either a synchronous or a preceding manner. In addition, the pyrosequencing analysis of the methylation status of the different gene promoters in the lung tumour and normal tissues showed that all the promoters were unmethylated.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the epigenetic modifier VPA can alter the response of cancer cells to paclitaxel treatment. Further investigation is needed to explore the epigenetic mechanism of sensitising cancerous cells to paclitaxel.
Immunohistochemical Assessment of Estrogen, Progesterone Receptors and HER2-neu Over Expression by Core Needle Biopsy in a Sample of Iraqi Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Mohammed Dahlia Raouf , Alwan Nada A.S. , Hussein Raji 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess ER, PR and HER2-neu expression in the specimens obtained by core needle biopsies (CNB) and to correlate the findings with some clinicopathological parameters such as (age, family history, side of breast lump, histological type and grade).
Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted on 62 female patients complaining of palpable breast lumps. All were subjected to the triple assessment test. Patients with mammography or ultrasonography results signifying BI-RADS 4 or BI-RADS 5 were selected for core needle biopsy using freehand automated gun instrument. Twenty â€“three out of 52 malignant cases (44.2%) were with positive scores for ER. Twenty-six (50%) of cases were positive regarding PR expression. HER2/neu overexpression revealed positive scores in 22 cases (42.3%).
Results: The correlation between expression of ER, PR and HER2/neu with family history, the side of breast lump and pathological type of carcinoma were statistically not significant. On the other hand, a significant correlation was noted between HER2neu expression and womenâ€™s age; the positive expression was more demonstrated among younger aged women (mean age 45 year), nevertheless, this correlation was not significant with ER,PR expression. Significant correlation was also found between HER2/neu over expression in breast cancer specimens and the histopathological grading, while that association was not maintained for ER and PR expression.
Conclusion: Immunohistochemical assessment of hormone receptors and HER2/neu expression in specimens of breast cancer tissues obtained by CNB technique can indicate tumor aggressiveness and further need for neoadjuvant therapy before surgical intervention.
Effects of the Systemic Administration of Omega -3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid on Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Jalal Aveen Ageel , AL-Qassab Zewar A. , AL-Rawi Rafel A. 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate and evaluate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on ligature induced periodontitis in rats through the biochemical analysis for ratâ€™s serum level of CRP, ALP and MDA.

Methods: Periodontitis was induced for the studied animals by ligation around the upper central incisor. Twenty five animals were used as a control and gavaged by water only, and one hundred animals with the induced periodontitis were divided into four equal groups according to the treatment used which was started at time of ligation removal: Water (P/W), scaling/root planing (P/SRP), 60mg/kg EPA(P/EPA), and scaling/root planing together with EPA(P/SRP+EPA). Blood was taken by cardiac puncture, after three hours, 24 hours, three days, one week and two weeks for biochemical analysis.
Results: The P/SRP+EPA treatment group showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum CRP, significant increase in serum ALP, significant decrease in serum MDA after one week, three days, and three hours respectively in comparison with the P/W treatment group.
Conclusion: The treatment by SRP with 60mg/kg EPA is better than each one alone and can be used for treatment of periodontitis.
Alcohol consumption and Types of Cancer: A Review
Authors: Afshar Mohammad , Otroshi Omid , Elahian Elahe , Papi Shahab , Aalipour Razieh , Pourebrahimi Mohammad , Fattah Moghaddam Ladan , Kameli Morandini Morteza , Saehiniya Hamid 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The purpose of this review study was to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and common cancers.
Methods: This study was conducted in English by February 2019 to include studies reporting alcohol consumption related cancer risks through a search in data bases of the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy included the keywords: "cancer", " alcohol consumption or Alcohol Drinking or Underage Drinking ". Articles that looked at the relationship between each type of cancer and consumption of alcoholic beverages were entered in to the study and summarized in review.
Results: alcohol consumption is associated with a decreased risk of some types of cancers including: Renal cell carcinoma and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Also, alcohol is independent risk factor for oral and pharyngeal, laryngeal, Esophagus, Stomach, Colorectal, Breast and Liver cancer. However, further studies are required to confirm the association between alcohol consumption and Pancreas, Lung, Prostate, Endometrium, Brain tumour and Bladder cancer risks.
Conclusions: Given the role of excessive alcohol consumption in the occurrence of various types of cancers, there is a need for a comprehensive plan for alcohol abuse in the community
Keywords: cancer, alcohol consumption, Underage Drinking, Alcohol Drinking
Umbilical cord length and cord abnormalities in term singleton pregnancy: A Review of pregnancy outcome in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria
Authors: Njoku Charles Obinna , Odusolu Patience , Cajetan Emechebe , Ekanem Emmanuel , Njoku Amarachukwu 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine the association of feto-maternal outcomes of term pregnancies with fetal umbilical cord lengths and cord abnormalities in Calabar.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 600 women with singleton pregnancies who delivered either virginally or caesarean section between 37 and 42 completed weeks. Examination of cord was done at delivery for loop round neck, cord length, knots and cord abnormalities. Outcomes recorded include foetal presentation, sex, birth weight, length of newborn and Apgar scores at 1st and 5th minutes. Also, mode of delivery, labour duration and maternal complications were noted. Cords with abnormalities were sent for histological examination. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Level of significance was set at p-value < 0.05.
Results: The mean cord length was 61.07 Â± 14.931cm, short cords were 23(7.7%), long cords were 37 (12.3%) and 480 (80.0%) were normal length. Male foetuses had longer cords, mean cord length in the vertex presentations were significantly longer than in breech presentation and increased with increase in birth weight. Abruptio placenta was higher among foetuses with short umbilical cord. (17.4% vs 0.4%) (p-value-0.000). There was positive correlation between foetal weight and umbilical cord length. Cord coiling index showed a negative correlation with cord length (r = -0.261; p-value = 0.000).
Conclusion: Abnormal umbilical cord lengths significantly predispose to obstetric complications but cord abnormalities are rare and does not affect pregnancy outcome. High index of suspicion and careful evaluation of cord may inform and reduce untoward feto-maternal outcome
Immunohistochemical Expression of SIRT1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Relationship with Clinical-Pathological Factors
Authors: Seyedmajidi Maryam , Nafarzadeh Shima , Rayani Arezoo , Moslemi Dariush , Bijani Ali , Sharbatdaran Majid 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer in the world that threatens public health. There are a number of molecular markers that can be used to improve TNM staging. One of these markers is SIRT1. We aimed to investigate the expression of SIRT1 in OSCC and its relationship with clinicopathological factors such as age, sex, location of tumor, smoking, clinical stage, grade of tumor, metastasis to lymph nodes in the neck and distant metastasis.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 30 samples of OSCC and 30 samples of normal oral mucosa. Required clinical data were collected from patients. After immunohistochemistry staining for SIRT1 on sections prepared with paraffin blocks, the percentage of stained cells and staining intensity of the cells were evaluated in the terms of core and cytoplasmic aspects.
Results: Positive expression of SIRT1 was seen in 93.3% and 96.7% of cells in the core and cytoplasm view, respectively, which was significantly higher than normal tissue (P=0.021 and 0.001, respectively). We found no significant relationship between the intensity and percentage of core and cytoplasmic staining of squamous cells as well as clinicopathological factors.
Conclusion: The overexpression of SIRT1 in OSCC samples as compared with normal mouth tissue indicates its role in carcinogenesis. However, further studies on SIRT1 may shed more light on the treatment options of OSCC.
Application of PLGA-ion exchange resin microcapsules of sulfasalazine â€Žfor embolization therapy
Authors: Wohaib Ameer Zuhair , Maraie Nidhal K. , Jassim Gaith A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Objective: This work involves preparation and evaluation (in vitro/ in vivo) of microcapsules containing sulfasalazine- ion exchange resin complex (resinate) to induce emboli for treatment of solid cancer.
Methods: The drug resin complex (resinate) had been optimized by using drug: resin ratio (1:8), by suspending the resin in sulfasalazine aqueous solution with at 400 rpm for 120 minutes at 50 ÂºC. For controlling the release of drug, microencapsulation for the resinate was applied where 21 formulas with different resinate: PLGA ratios 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 were prepared by solvent evaporation method to study the effect of different variables including resinate: polymer ratio, stirring speed, effect of temperature and aqueous phase volume on microencapsulation efficiency and percent yield.
Results: The in-vitro release study for the prepared resinate, which had 72% entrapment efficiency, showed 80.992 % of drug released within 15 minutes and the release continued until 99.83% within 75 minutes formula was found to be F19 had 76.70% encapsulation efficiency and 89.40% percent yield. The in vitro release study for selected formula showed that 32% of drug released within 1hour and 78% of drug released within 20 days and the release continued up to 96% within 45 days indicating a controlled release manner with spherical microcapsule of 595Âµm. The preliminary in vivo work using rabbits showed instant occlusion of the central auricular artery of the rabbit ear leading to ischemia within 3 days that continued to the end of study period
Conclusion: This work show the suitability of microcapsules size to prevent blood flow and forming embolization with controlling release of the drug that may treat the solid tumor.
Teratogenic effect of the aqueous extract of the Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) on fetal development in mice
Authors: Shayan Maryam , Mehrannia Kobra , Rastegar Tayebeh , Khanehzad Maryam , Ghantabpour Taha , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza 
Published: March 2022

Objective The present study evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare on fetal development in pregnant mice models.
Methods A total number of 24 female BALB/c mice with a weight range of 25-30 gr divided into four groups. Each group received 0.25 ml of the aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare with different concentrations (2.5 mg, 12.5 mg, 25 mg) and distilled water as a control group. The aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare administered via oral gavage on a daily basis from day 6 to day 15 of pregnancy. On day 16, the fetuses were analyzed in terms of morphological changes, skeletal disorders, and cellular alterations.
Results The result showed the dose-dependent teratogenic effect of the aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare. At 12.5 mg and 25 mg concentration, the teratogenic effect was more severe. Oral gavage administration of the aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare increased the number of dead fetuses and reduced the average weight, height, and crown-rump length. Subcutaneous hemorrhage, dorsal lesion, wrinkled skin, and considerably lower than normal fetal weight observed in gross morphological inspection at 25 mg concentration. The skeletal studies revealed fetal anomalies, reduction in ossification and reduction in the number of ribs. Internal bleeding around the liver and lungs, pulmonary fibrosis and disruption in the arrangement of hepatocytes was also observed in histological analysis.
Conclusion Administration of the aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare results in embryotoxicity in mice models in morphological, skeletal and cellular levels.
Keywords Foeniculum vulgare, Fennel, Teratogenicity, Embryotoxicity, Fetal Development, Mice
Premalignant changes associated chronic gastritis in Karbala Province: multi institutional study
Authors: AlSafi Rasha Abd Alraouf Neama , Alqanbar Mohammed F. , Al-Sabbagh Wafaa Redha Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of gastric premalignant changes as gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplastic changes in patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy in three health institutions in Karbala province.
Methods: The data was collected from patients attended the endoscopy units during a period from January to September 2018 in three medical centers in holy Karbala/ Iraq, Al Hussein teaching hospital, Imam Zain Al Abedin hospital and Imam AL Hujjah hospital. It includes 215 males and 285 females who were subjected to esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) from whom mucosal biopsies were taken. These biopsies were stained by Giemsa to detect H. pylori organisms.
Results: The mean age of patients was (40.9 +/- 15 years SD). H. Pylori infection was demonstrated in (71%) patients, (19.4%) were presented with glandular atrophy, (7.4%) out of 500 patients had intestinal metaplasia and only 6 (1.2%) patients had dysplastic changes. there was a significant statistical relation between gastric glandular atrophy and age, p value (0.03). there was a significant statistical relation between glandular atrophy and infection with H. Pylori, p value (0.001). there was a significant negative relation between H. Pylori infection and the existence of intestinal metaplasia, p value (0.0001). this study show a significant statistical relationship between the existence of intestinal metaplasia and the occurrence of dysplastic changes, P value (0.001).
Conclusion: the current study show a significant relation between aging and the existence of gastric glandular atrophy. There was a significant relation between each of gastric glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplastic changes with the H. pylori infection. there was a significant relation between gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplastic changes.
Accuracy of Linear Measurements Made on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans at Different Magnifications
Authors: Ghaznavi Aisan , Ghaznavi Dara , Valizadeh Solmaz , Vasegh Zahra , Al-Shuhayeb Muna 
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements made on CBCT (New Tom VGi) scans with different image magnifications.
Methods: Forty-two titanium pins were inserted into seven dry sheep mandibles. Lengths of the pins were measured using a digital caliper with 0.01 mm readability, and the mandibles were radiographed using a CBCT unit. After reconstruction of CBCT images, three experienced radiologists measured the length and diameter of titanium pins at100%, 200% and 400% magnifications. Accuracy of measurements was analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Inter observer reliability was calculated using the intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) test.
Results: The mean differences of linear measurements from the actual lengths of pins were 0.1960 mm, 0.2143 mm and 0.2047 mm at 100%, 200% and 400% magnifications, respectively (P>0.05). The mean differences of linear measurements from the actual diameters of pins were 0.2206 mm, 0.2063 mm and 0.1984 mm at 100%, 200% and 400% magnifications, respectively (P>0.05). Inter observer reliability of pin length measurements was estimated to be0.285, 0.707 and 0.479 at 100%, 200% and 400%magnifications, respectively. Inter observer reliability of pin diameter measurements was 0 .078, 0.469 and 0.587 at 100%, 200% and 400%magnifications, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the results, image magnification does not affect the accuracy of linear measurements made on CBCT scans. Inter observer reliability of pin length measurements was good at 200% magnification, while it was below the acceptable range at other magnifications. For measurement of pin diameters, this index was below the acceptable range at all magnifications.