bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modeling for Carbon Dioxide Level Within Confined Spaces
Authors: Yan Lincan , Yantek Dave S. , DeGennaro Cory R. , Fernando Rohan D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Federal regulations require refuge alternatives (RAs) in underground coal mines to provide a life-sustaining environment for miners trapped underground when escape is impossible. A breathable air supply is among those requirements. For built-in-place (BIP) RAs, a borehole air supply (BAS) is commonly used to supply fresh air from the surface. Federal regulations require that such a BAS must supply fresh air at 12.5 cfm or more per person to maintain the oxygen concentration between 18.5% and 23% and carbon dioxide level below the 1% limit specified. However, it is unclear whether 12.5 cfm is indeed needed to maintain this carbon dioxide level. The minimal fresh air flow (FAF) rate needed to maintain the 1% CO2 level will depend on multiple factors, including the number of people and the volume of the BIP RA. In the past, to predict the interior CO2 concentration in an occupied RA, 96-h tests were performed using a physical human breathing simulator. However, given the infinite possibility of the combinations (number of people, size of the BIP RA), it would be impractical to fully investigate the range of parameters that can affect the CO2 concentration using physical tests. In this paper, researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) developed a model that can predict how the %CO2 in an occupied confined space changes with time given the number of occupants and the FAF rate. The model was then compared to and validated with test data. The benchmarked model can be used to predict the %CO2 for any number of people and FAF rate without conducting a 96-h test. The methodology used in this model can also be used to estimate other gas levels within a confined space.
Flow Modal Decomposition of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine With the Moving Boundaries of Rotating Blades
Authors: Tian Tian , Sun Chong , Zhu Xiaocheng , Du Zhaohui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aiming at analyzing the wake evolution features of a 3-blade vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is used to evaluate statistics of the flow field based on unsteady flow field computations. Considering the limitation that DMD can only be applied to problems with stationary boundaries, the technology to deal with the moving boundaries of rotating blades is investigated. First, the flow fields of VAWT are calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and computations are compared with the experimental results to verify the numerical calculations. Then the spectral analysis is performed on the VAWT wake at a tip speed ratio (TSR) of 2.35, and different frequency characteristics are observed in the near wake, the transition region of the wake, and the far wake, respectively. Next, DMD is employed to investigate the dynamic stall and the wake evolution of the VAWT in the absolute frame and the relative frame, respectively. Details of different possessing methods are presented. Finally, depending on the corresponding frequencies obtained before, the dominant modes are extracted from the CFD results by DMD. The extracted modes corresponding to specific frequencies can capture the coherent structures with different scales, which reflect the characteristics of the propagation of shedding vortices from blades and the bluff-body oscillation in the wake of the VAWT.
Repair of Double-Stranded DNA Breaks Generated by CRISPR–Cas9 in Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Sharaev N. , Chacon-Machado L. , Musharova O. , Savitskaya E. , Severinov K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a metabolically versatile bacterium with considerable promise as a chassis strain for production and degradation of complex organic compounds. Unlike most bacteria, P. putida KT2440 encodes the Ku and LigD proteins involved in Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ). This pathway of repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA has an intrinsic mutagenic potential that could be exploited in combination with currently available genome editing tools that generate programmable DSBs. Here, we investigated the effect of removal or overproduction of NHEJ-associated P. putida KT2440 enzymes on mutations generated upon repair of Cas9-mediated DSBs with the double purpose of characterizing the NHEJ pathway and investigating how it functionally interacts with the current gold standard tool for gene editing. The results of our work shed light on non-templated mechanisms of DSB repair in P. putida KT2440, an information that will serve as foundation to expand the gene engineering toolbox for this important microorganism.
Instruments to evaluate hospitalised children parents’ satisfaction with nursing care: a scoping review
Authors: Loureiro Fernanda , Antunes Vanessa 
Published: August 2022

AimTo identify instruments that allow the evaluation of parent’s satisfaction regarding nursing care during their child hospitalisation.MethodsA review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews. The study was prospectively registered in Open Science Framework. Research was carried out on EBSCOhost, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science and ScienceDirect platforms as well as grey literature. Additionally, the references of selected articles were also examined.ResultsA sample of 65 articles allowed the identifications of 38 distinctive instruments to evaluate parents’ satisfaction in different hospital settings. Most studies were applied in paediatric wards (n=28), followed by neonatal intensive care units (n=21), paediatric intensive care units (n=9) and emergency departments (n=7). Sample size ranged from 13 to 3354 and 3 studies used mixed methods, 20 were methodological studies of instruments construction or validation and 43 were quantitative studies. 21 different instruments previously existent were found. In 3 studies, adapted instruments were used and, in 14 studies, structured instruments were purposively designed for the study. Instruments had between 1 and 13 domains and total number of items ranged between 13 and 92. Most studies assessed overall satisfaction (n=53) and instrument reliability (n=49) and/or validity (n=37).ConclusionMost instruments consider nursing care as a domain of satisfaction. Only two instruments focused specifically on nursing care. In most of the studies, there was a concern to evaluate instruments psychometric properties. This review clearly shows that there is still a gap in the literature on the range of aspects that influence satisfaction and a lack of consensus on ideal conditions for instrument use and application.
Accuracy of physical examination of cardiovascular system in the diagnosis of common congenital heart diseases in children
Authors: Alawani Sujata S , Raj Manu , Sudhakar Abish , Kumar Raman Krishna 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundIt is widely perceived that the value of physical examination in paediatric cardiology has diminished with the increasing availability of echocardiography. The accuracy of physical examination of cardiovascular system in children has not been systematically tested.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, diagnostic accuracy study from the paediatric cardiology clinic of a tertiary referral hospital in South India. A total of 545 children with 5 common cardiac conditions were included—normal heart, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and VSD with pulmonic stenosis. Physical examination was documented by a paediatric cardiology fellow and a consultant who were blinded to previous investigations and to each other. The accuracy of physical examination of the fellow and the consultant was determined for each patient group by comparing with echocardiography. Interobserver agreement was calculated using kappa statistics.ResultsPhysical examination differentiated normal hearts from abnormal with an accuracy of 95.0% for fellows and 96.3% for consultants. For all abnormal hearts, the results for fellows and consultants, respectively, were as follows: sensitivity: 94.3%, 94.9%, specificity: 96.2%, 98.6%, accuracy: 95.0%, 96.3%, positive likelihood ratio: 24.8, 66.4 and negative likelihood ratio: 0.06, 0.05. There was good agreement between fellows and consultant for all patient groups (kappa: 0.72–1), except for large VSD (kappa: 0.232). Younger age and haemodynamically insignificant lesions were associated with incorrect diagnosis.ConclusionThis study underscores the utility of clinical examination in initial screening for commonly encountered congenital cardiac conditions even in the current era of echocardiography.
Early COVID-19 respiratory risk stratification using machine learning
Authors: Douglas Molly J , Bell Brian W , Kinney Adrienne , Pungitore Sarah A , Toner Brian P 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCOVID-19 has strained healthcare systems globally. In this and future pandemics, providers with limited critical care experience must distinguish between moderately ill patients and those who will require aggressive care, particularly endotracheal intubation. We sought to develop a machine learning-informed Early COVID-19 Respiratory Risk Stratification (ECoRRS) score to assist in triage, by providing a prediction of intubation within the next 48 hours based on objective clinical parameters.MethodsElectronic health record data from 3447 COVID-19 hospitalizations, 20.7% including intubation, were extracted. 80% of these records were used as the derivation cohort. The validation cohort consisted of 20% of the total 3447 records. Multiple randomizations of the training and testing split were used to calculate confidence intervals. Data were binned into 4-hour blocks and labeled as cases of intubation or no intubation within the specified time frame. A LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression model was tuned for sensitivity and sparsity.ResultsSix highly predictive parameters were identified, the most significant being fraction of inspired oxygen. The model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.789 (95% CI 0.785 to 0.812). At 90% sensitivity, the negative predictive value was 0.997.DiscussionThe ECoRRS score enables non-specialists to identify patients with COVID-19 at risk of intubation within 48 hours with minimal undertriage and enables health systems to forecast new COVID-19 ventilator needs up to 48 hours in advance.Level of evidenceIV.
Factors associated with delays in medical and surgical open facial fracture management
Authors: Duane Therese M , Sercy Erica , Banton Kaysie L , Blackwood Brian , Hamilton David , Hentzen Andrew , Hatch Matthew , Akinola Kerrick , Gordon Jeffrey , Bar-Or David 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesOpen fractures are at risk of infection because of exposure of bone and tissue to the environment. Facial fractures are often accompanied by other severe injuries, and therefore fracture management may be delayed until after stabilization. Previous studies in this area have examined timing of multiple facets of care but have tended to report on each in isolation (eg, antibiotic initiation).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of adult patients admitted to five trauma centers from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2021 with open facial fractures. Variables collected included demographics, injury mechanism, details on facial and non-facial injuries, facial fracture management (irrigation and debridement (I&D), irrigation without debridement, open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), antibiotics), and other hospital events. The study hypothesized that the presence of serious non-facial injuries would be associated with delays in facial fracture management. The primary aims were to describe open facial fracture management practices and examine factors associated with early versus delayed fracture management. A secondary aim was to describe infection rates. Early treatment was defined as within 24 hours of arrival for I&D, irrigation without debridement, and ORIF and within 1 hour for antibiotics.ResultsA total of 256 patients were included. Twenty-seven percent had major trauma (Injury Severity Score ≥16). The presence of serious head injury/traumatic brain injury was associated with delayed I&D (ORearly=0.04, p<0.01), irrigation without debridement (ORearly=0.09, p<0.01), and ORIF (ORearly=0.10, p<0.01). Going to the OR within 24 hours was associated with early I&D (ORearly=377.26, p<0.01), irrigation without debridement (ORearly=13.54, p<0.01), and ORIF (ORearly=154.92, p<0.01). The infection rate was 4%.ConclusionsIn this examination of multiple aspects of open facial fracture management, serious injuries to non-facial regions led to delays in surgical fracture management, consistent with the study hypothesis.Level of evidenceLevel III, prognostic/epidemiological.
Pied-Piper: Revealing the Backdoor Threats in Ethereum ERC Token Contracts
Authors: Ma Fuchen , Ren Meng , Ouyang Lerong , Chen Yuanliang , Zhu Juan , Chen Ting , Zheng Yingli , Dai Xiao , Jiang Yu , Sun Jiaguang 
Published: August 2022

With the development of decentralized networks, smart contracts, especially those for ERC tokens, are attracting more and more Dapp users to implement their applications. There are some functions in ERC token contracts that only a specific group of accounts could invoke. Among those functions, some even can influence other accounts or the whole system without prior notice or permission. These functions are referred to as contract backdoors. Once exploited by an attacker, they can cause property losses and harm users’ privacy.
In this work, we propose Pied-Piper, a hybrid analysis method that integrates datalog analysis and directed fuzzing to detect backdoor threats in Ethereum ERC token contracts. First, datalog analysis is applied to abstract the data structures and identification rules related to the threats for preliminary static detection. Then, directed fuzzing is applied to eliminate false positives caused by the static analysis. We first evaluated Pied-Piper on 200 smart contracts, which are injected with different types of backdoors. It reported all problems without false positives, and none of the injected problems was missed. Then, we applied Pied-Piper on 13,484 real token contracts deployed on Ethereum. Pied-Piper reported 189 confirmed problems, four of which have been assigned unique CVE ids while others are still in the review process. Each contract takes 8.03 seconds for datalog analysis on average, and the fuzzing engine can eliminate the false positives within one minute.
BCG-Induced Tumor Immunity Requires Tumor-Intrinsic CIITA Independent of MHC-II
Authors: Redelman-Sidi Gil , Binyamin Anna , Antonelli Anthony C. , Catalano Will , Bean James , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Jungbluth Achim A. , Glickman Michael S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

For decades, BCG immunotherapy has been the standard of care for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Despite this clinical experience, the mechanism by which BCG stimulates tumor-eliminating immunity is unclear, and there is still a need for more accurate prediction of clinical outcomes in advance of treatment initiation. We have shown that BCG stimulates tumor-specific T-cell immunity that requires tumor cell expression of the IFNγ receptor (IFNGR); however, the downstream components of IFNGR signaling responsible for responsiveness to BCG are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the IFNγ-driven, tumor cell intrinsic expression of the class II transactivator CIITA is required for activation of a tumor-specific CD4 T-cell response and BCG-induced tumor immunity. Despite the established role for CIITA in controlling MHC-II antigen presentation machinery, the requirement for CIITA is independent of MHC-II and associated genes. Rather, we find that CIITA is required for a broader tumor-intrinsic transcriptional program linked to critical pathways of tumor immunity via mechanisms that remain to be determined. Tumor cell intrinsic expression of CIITA is not required for a response to immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), suggesting that different modalities of immunotherapy for bladder cancer could be employed based on tumor-intrinsic characteristics.
Leviticus 25’s History of Inspiring Freedom as a Moral Challenge to Literary-Historical Interpretation
Authors: Watts James W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Though Leviticus 25’s description of the Jubilee sounds unrealistically utopian to many biblical scholars, the Jubilee ideal has stimulated many movements for freedom and economic reform in the last 500 years. It most famously motivated enslaved people to resist and abolitionists to challenge the institution of slavery. Today it continues to inspire reform movements for land redistribution and fair housing, for sovereign debt relief, and for developing environmentally sustainable economies. The contrast between scholarly assessments of the chapter’s meaning in its literary and ancient historical contexts and its proven power to inspire movements for freedom that were unimaginable to its writers poses a moral challenge to the conventional methods of biblical scholarship. This article describes the Jubilee’s ideological context in four historical settings: in Israel’s ancient Middle Eastern political economy, in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century movement to abolish slavery, in contemporary movements for economic reform, and in modern biblical studies to explore how biblical scholars can credibly account for the chapter’s historical and contemporary power to inspire mass freedom movements in their descriptions of the meaning of Leviticus 25.
The Jews as “Children of the Devil” (John 8:44) in Nazi Children’s Literature
Authors: Elkins Kathleen Gallagher 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Biblical interpreters have long wrestled with the vicious anti-Jewish rhetoric of John’s gospel including, mostly famously, when Jesus calls Jews “children of the devil” (8:44). Post-Shoah, the anti-Jewish rhetoric of John’s gospel is even more horrifying. This article seeks to highlight the use of John 8:44 and other anti-Jewish rhetoric from John’s gospel in children’s literature from Nazi Germany. The children’s books under consideration show a progression from advocating for forced displacement of the Jews to advocating for murder. Seeing the intensification and advancement of this rhetoric, even in something seemingly harmless like children’s literature, is a warning to biblical scholars who may try to downplay or overlook the hateful language of John’s gospel.
In Search of a New Paradigm: Judean Literature as a Crucible of Appropriations from Multiple Imperial and Native Temple Cultures in Hellenistic Times
Authors: Honigman Sylvie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In Judaism and Hellenism, Hengel described Judean society and literature as torn between absorption and rejection of Hellenism. Following the publication of that work the idea of a clear-cut dichotomy between several social circles and their assorted literary productions remained hugely popular, although the identification of the sides in conflict varied between scholars, with “hellenization” being located either within or without (and against) the temple. This article offers an historiographic survey before proposing a new paradigm inspired by the New Empire Studies. At its core, it identifies the Jerusalem temple as a lively site of learning, whose literati selectively appropriated ideas, literary forms, and technologies not only from the Greek, imperial culture(s) but also from neighboring temple cultures (Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Phoenician), in a bid to keep their ancestral traditions relevant as they made sense of the ever-changing world that they lived in. Everything was adapted, or subverted and hybridized.
Labialization of Word-Final Nasals in Yucatecan Spanish and Yucatec Maya: Language Contact, Prosodic Prominence Marking, and Local Identity
Authors: Uth Melanie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper provides a comparative analysis of word-final nasals in Yucatecan Spanish and Yucatec Maya based on speech data from Quintana Roo (Mexico). In Yucatecan Spanish, a nasal is often pronounced as [m] if placed at the end of a word (e.g., Yucatá[m] instead of Yucatá[n]). Since this phenomenon is widespread on the Yucatán Peninsula, but largely unknown in other Spanish-speaking regions, it is often linked to the influence of the indigenous language Yucatec Maya. Our Spanish dataset differs from our Yucatec Mayan one in that the labialization rate significantly increases with the length of the subsequent pause in the former, but not in the latter. Thus, even if the feature was originally transferred from Yucatec Maya to Spanish, it seems that it has taken on a life of its own in Yucatecan Spanish, determined by its function as a marker of prosodic prominence.
Gender Agreement in Correntino Spanish
Authors: Pinta Justin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article provides qualitative and quantitative analyses of variable gender agreement in Correntino Spanish, the variety of Spanish spoken by both Spanish-Guarani bilinguals and Correntino Spanish monolinguals in the province of Corrientes, Argentina. Drawing on data collected from fieldwork in the province, it will be shown that this variation is conditioned by distance effects and modifier class. Synchronic gender agreement variation in Correntino Spanish is attributed to diachronic source language agentivity effects (Van Coetsem, 1988) given the lack of gender inflection in Guarani. This phenomenon would be unsurprising as a contact effect if found synchronically only in bilinguals; however, its occurrence in monolinguals sets it aside as a rare instance of variable gender agreement in monolingual Spanish. This loosening of gender agreement mirrors the development of gender in Argentine Guarani (Cerno, 2010), and these phenomena taken together shed light on the malleability of gender systems under situations of intense language contact. Together they provide a valuable example of mutual contact-induced changes in gender systems.
A Historical Morphology of Western Karaim: The Two Pluperfect Tenses in Diachronic and Areal Perspective
Authors: Németh Michał 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article is a continuation of the analysis of the Karaim -p edi- past tense presented, for the first time in scholarly literature, in Németh (2015). In the latter paper, this verbal category was described on the basis of a few South-Western Karaim examples, only, and was termed plusquamperfectum
ii. In this paper the description of its semantic scope has been refined based on an analysis of recently discovered North- and South-Western Karaim examples as well as on a further evaluation of Turkic (including Eastern Karaim) data. Importantly, it is argued that the practice of (also) expressing habitual events by means of this verbal category (which is quite an unusual feature in the Turkic linguistic world) is a consequence of contact-linguistic factors, namely the influence of the Polish language, in which Western Karaims were (and still are) proficient. Finally, to obtain a complete picture of its evolution the -p edi- pluperfect is placed in the broader context of the Karaim past tense system. Following Németh (2015) and Németh (2019), this paper is the third in a series of articles introducing previously undocumented grammatical categories of Western Karaim.