bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shocks, household consumption, and livelihood diversification: a comparative evidence from panel data in rural Thailand and Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Duy Linh , Nguyen Trung Thanh , Grote Ulrike 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe examine the roles of land and labor diversification in mitigating the effects of covariate and idiosyncratic shocks in the two middle-income countries Thailand and Vietnam. We use an unbalanced panel dataset of rural households obtained from five survey waves during 2007–2016 (9291 households for Thailand and 9255 households for Vietnam). We employ the System-Generalized Method of Moments estimators to control for endogeneity. Our study finds that (i) rural households in both countries are able to maintain per capita consumption in the face of idiosyncratic shocks but not covariate shocks; (ii) labor diversification in Thailand and land diversification in Vietnam are used as ex-post coping strategies against covariate shocks but their shock-mitigating roles are insignificant; and (iii) land diversification in Thailand and labor diversification in Vietnam are helpful in improving per capita consumption when households face covariate shocks. Our findings suggest that facilitating access to credit, enhancing farm mechanization, and improving road quality in Thailand as well as promoting the development of local rural nonfarm sectors in Vietnam would benefit rural households in dealing with covariate shocks.
See you soon: fixed-term contracts, unemployment and recalls in Germany—a linked employer–employee analysis
Authors: Jost Oskar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlmost 20% of all male employees in Germany who become unemployed return to their previous employers. Such temporary layoffs and the subsequent recalls are often used by firms to shift their labor costs onto society and the unemployment benefit system, which has led to various legislation aimed at prohibiting or reducing this undesired instrument in Germany. I analyze the interplay between fixed-term contracts, which can be used to undermine legal regulations, and temporary layoffs for men. For this purpose, I use comprehensive administrative data at individual level, complemented by various firm characteristics. My results show that unemployed workers who had previously worked on fixed-term contracts are more often recalled by their previous firms than workers who had permanent contracts. Moreover, older and low-skilled employees as well as migrants are particularly affected by the interplay between fixed-term contracts and temporary layoffs. This is also confirmed for women in an additional robustness analysis.
Application of Confocal Raman Microscopy for the Characterization of Topical Semisolid Formulations and their Penetration into Human Skin Ex Vivo
Authors: Jung Nathalie , Namjoshi Sarika , Mohammed Yousuf , Grice Jeffrey E. , Benson Heather A. E. , Raney Sam G. , Roberts Michael S. , Windbergs Maike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The quality testing and approval procedure for most pharmaceutical products is a streamlined process with standardized procedures for the determination of critical quality attributes. However, the evaluation of semisolid dosage forms for topical drug delivery remains a challenging task. The work presented here highlights confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) as a valuable tool for the characterization of such products.

Methods
CRM, a laser-based method, combining chemically-selective analysis and high resolution imaging, is used for the evaluation of different commercially available topical acyclovir creams.

Results
We show that CRM enables the spatially resolved analysis of microstructural features of semisolid products and provides insights into drug distribution and polymorphic state as well as the composition and arrangement of excipients. Further, we explore how CRM can be used to monitor phase separation and to study skin penetration and the interaction with fresh and cryopreserved excised human skin tissue.

Conclusion
This study presents a comprehensive overview and illustration of how CRM can facilitate several types of key analyses of semisolid topical formulations and of their interaction with their biological target site, illustrating that CRM is a useful tool for research, development as well as for quality testing in the pharmaceutical industry.

Graphical abstract
Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and its interaction with temperature and nitrogen on yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): a meta-analysis
Authors: Gardi Mekides Woldegiorgis , Haussmann Bettina I. G. , Malik Waqas Ahmed , Högy Petra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims

The general aim of this meta-analysis is to synthesize and summarize the mean response of barley yield variables to elevated CO2 (eCO2) and how temperature and nitrogen (N) affect the CO2-induced yield responses of barley.

Methods
A meta-analysis procedure was used to analyze five yield variables of barley extracted from 22 studies to determine the effect size and the magnitude concerning eCO2 and its interaction with temperature and N.

Results
CO2 enrichment increased aboveground biomass (23.8%), grain number (24.8%), and grain yield (27.4%). The magnitude of the responses to eCO2 was affected by genotype, temperature, nitrogen, and CO2 exposure methods. Genotype “Anakin” shows the highest CO2 response of aboveground biomass (47.1%), while “Bambina” had the highest grain number (58.4%). Grain yield response was observed to be higher for genotypes “Alexis” (38.1%) and “Atem” (33.7%) under eCO2. The increase of aboveground biomass and grain yield was higher when plants were grown under eCO2 in combination with higher N (151–200 kg ha−1). The interaction between eCO2 and three different temperature levels was analyzed to identify the impacts on barley yield components. The results revealed that the CO2-induced increase in grain number and grain yield was higher in combination with a temperature level of 21–25 °C as compared to lower levels (< 15 and 16–20 ℃). The response of barley yield to eCO2 was higher in growth chambers than in other CO2 exposure methods. Moreover, a higher response of aboveground biomass and grain yield to eCO2 was observed for pot-grown plants compared to field-grown.

Conclusions
Overall, results suggest that the maximal barley production under eCO2 will be obtained in combination with high N fertilizer and temperature levels (21–25 °C).
Universal Infinitesimal Hilbertianity of Sub-Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Le Donne Enrico , Lučić Danka , Pasqualetto Enrico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe prove that sub-Riemannian manifolds are infinitesimally Hilbertian (i.e., the associated Sobolev space is Hilbert) when equipped with an arbitrary Radon measure. The result follows from an embedding of metric derivations into the space of square-integrable sections of the horizontal bundle, which we obtain on all weighted sub-Finsler manifolds. As an intermediate tool, of independent interest, we show that any sub-Finsler distance can be monotonically approximated from below by Finsler ones. All the results are obtained in the general setting of possibly rank-varying structures.
The Prouhet–Tarry–Escott problem, indecomposability of polynomials and Diophantine equations
Authors: Hajdu L. , Papp Á. , Tijdeman R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we show how the subjects mentioned in the title are related. First we study the structure of partitions of$$A \subseteq \{1, \dots , n\}$$A⊆{1,⋯,n}ink-sets such that the first$$k-1$$k-1symmetric polynomials of the elements of thek-sets coincide. Then we apply this result to derive a decomposability result for the polynomial$$f_A(x) := \prod _{x \in A} (x-a)$$fA(x):=∏x∈A(x-a). Finally we prove two theorems on the structure of the solutions (x, y) of the Diophantine equation$$f_A(x)=P(y)$$fA(x)=P(y)where$$P(y)\in \mathbb {Q}[y]$$P(y)∈Q[y]and on shifted power values of$$f_A(x)$$fA(x).
Sharing with the vulnerable? The Vulnerability Objection and Vanderschraaf’s theory of justice as mutual advantage
Authors: Eriksson Lina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe most recent major contribution to the literature on justice as mutual advantage is Peter Vanderschraaf’s book Strategic Justice. In this book, he develops a theory of justice as convention, where justice is those principles that rational, self-interested agents would choose to solve problems of partially conflicting interest. His theory is thus a kind of theory of justice as mutual advantage. A common criticism of theories of justice as mutual advantage is the Vulnerability Objection: if the principles of justice require that resources are only shared with those that are net-contributors to a cooperative surplus, then those that are not net-contributors to that cooperative surplus (so-called vulnerable people) have no claim of justice to any share of the resources. But, the objection states, surely justice cannot exclude people simply because they are vulnerable. Vanderschraaf argues that his theory of justice as convention successfully answers the Vulnerability Objection. However, in this paper, I argue that although Vanderschraaf’s theory successfully demonstrates that it can be to the mutual advantage of rational, self-interested people to agree to share equally even when some people contribute more than others, the problem remains of why such people would share with those that can never contribute more to the cooperative surplus than what they would withdraw from it. Vanderschraaf’s solution is to weaken the requirement that people actually contribute. But that, I argue, undermines the claim that his theory is a theory of justice as mutual advantage.
Characterizing affine $${\mathcal {C}}$$-semigroups
Authors: Díaz-Ramírez J. D. , García-García J. I. , Marín-Aragón D. , Vigneron-Tenorio A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLet $${\mathcal {C}} \subset {\mathbb {N}}^p$$

C
⊂

N

p

be a finitely generated integer cone and $$S\subset {\mathcal {C}}$$

S
⊂
C

be an affine semigroup such that the real cones generated by $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
and by S are equal. The semigroup S is called $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
-semigroup if $${\mathcal {C}}\setminus S$$

C
\
S

is a finite set. In this paper, we characterize the $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
-semigroups from their minimal generating sets, and we give an algorithm to check if S is a $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
-semigroup and to compute its set of gaps. We also study the embedding dimension of $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
-semigroups obtaining a lower bound for it, and introduce some families of $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
-semigroups whose embedding dimension reaches our bound. In the last section, we present a method to obtain a decomposition of a $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
-semigroup into irreducible $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
-semigroups.
Community Health Worker Perspectives on Engaging Unhoused Peer Ambassadors for COVID-19 Vaccine Outreach in Homeless Encampments and Shelters
Authors: Choi Kristen , Romero Ruby , Guha Priyanka , Sixx Gunner , Rosen Allison D. , Frederes Ashley , Beltran Jacqueline , Alvarado Julissa , Robie Brooke , Richard Lindsey , Coleman Anthony , Rice Adam , Rosales Marisol , Baez Angel , Thomas Emily , Shover Chelsea L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 vaccination is a priority for people experiencing homelessness. However, there are barriers to vaccine access driven in part by mistrust towards clinicians and healthcare. Community health workers (CHWs) and Peer Ambassadors (PAs) may be able to overcome mistrust in COVID-19 vaccine outreach. An unhoused PA program for COVID-19 vaccine outreach by CHWs was implemented in Los Angeles using a participatory academic-community partnership.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate CHW perspectives on an unhoused PA COVID-19 vaccine outreach program in Los Angeles.

Design
This study used a participatory community conference and qualitative focus groups to understand CHW perspectives on the PA program. The one-day conference was held in November 2021.

Participants
Of the 42 conference participants, 19 CHWs participated in focus groups for two-way knowledge exchange between CHWs and researchers.

Approach
Four focus groups were held during the conference, with 4-6 CHWs per group. Each group had a facilitator and two notetakers. Focus group notes were then analyzed using content analysis to derive categories of findings. CHWs reviewed the qualitative analysis to ensure that findings represented their experiences with the PA program.

Key Results
The five categories of findings from focus groups were as follows: (1) PAs were effective liaisons to their peers to promote COVID-19 vaccines; (2) CHWs recognized the importance of establishing genuine trust and equitable working relationships within CHW/PA teams; (3) there were tradeoffs of integrating unhoused PAs into the existing CHW workflow; (4) CHWs had initial misgivings about the research process; and (5) there were lingering questions about the ethics of “exploiting” the invaluable trust unhoused PAs have with unhoused communities.

Conclusions
CHWs were in a unique position to empower unhoused PAs to take a leadership role in reaching their peers with COVID-19 vaccines and advocate for long-term employment and housing needs.
Breast Cancer Survivorship: the Role of Rehabilitation According to the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health—a Scoping Review
Authors: Pinto Monica , Calafiore Dario , Piccirillo Maria Carmela , Costa Massimo , Taskiran Ozden Ozyemisci , de Sire Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The population of breast cancer (BC) survivors is growing due to earlier diagnosis and effective combined treatments. A scoping review was performed to explore the role of rehabilitation in BC survivorship and the major issues in BC survivors with International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) perspective.

Recent Findings
The authors searched PubMed from January 1, 2018, up until November 9, 2021. The 65 selected publications were analyzed with the Comprehensive ICF BC Core Set (CCS) perspective and assigned to the categories of the CCS components along with the 3 areas of health (physical, mental, and social health). The multidimensional aspects of BC survivor disability are evident, whereas the topics of the articles concern several categories of the ICF BC CCS and all 3 areas of health. However, the current ICF BC CCS does not include certain categories related to emerging issues of BC survivorship recurring in the papers.

Summary
Rehabilitation is crucial in BC survivorship management to give personalized answers to women beyond BC, and the ICF BC CCS remains an essential tool in rehabilitation assessment for BC survivors although it needs updating.
Being a (Female) Child in Baku: Social Order and Understandings of Well-Being
Authors: Hunner-Kreisel Christine , Nasrullayeva Nigar , Kreisel Stefan , Sultan Aysel , Bühler-Niederberger Doris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhat does it mean to be a (female) child in the city of Baku, Azerbaijan? How can we critically interpret the girls’ understandings of well-being considering different forms of compliance with unequal social orders? What conclusions may be drawn from understandings of well- being about the nature of welfare state structures and there-in children’s specific positioning? To answer this question, we conducted qualitative interviews with 13 girls during their various leisure activities. The study shows that parents and in particular mothers are children’s key reference persons, while there are hardly any spaces the girls can explore or reference persons outside their immediate families. The article reconstructs how the 13 girls view the social practices of adults and how they relate these practices to their own perceptions of well-being. We inductively reconstruct different forms of compliance, i.e., the extent to which social practices are consistent with the symbolic representations (norms and values) of a specific social order and specific relations of power and hegemony. The analysis shows how girls make differentiations between adult social practices based on their knowledge orders: some practices they justify through a sort of complicity with adultist structures (competent compliance), others they must accept due to their own vulnerabilities as children (compliance and constitutive vulnerability), still others irritate, are rejected, or sabotaged (fragile compliance).
Response of wheat to combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus along with compost
Authors: Kabato Wogene , Ergudo Tagesse , Mutum Lamnganbi , Janda Tibor , Molnár Zoltán 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo achieve food security and increase crop productivity in a sustainable way, keeping soil fertile and balanced fertilization is vital. Soil fertility declining and unbalanced fertilization is one of the bottlenecks to sustainable agricultural production. To overcome these problems, a field experiment was investigated, with the aim of exploring the potential of organic and inorganic nutrient sources with their optimal application and integration for sustainable wheat production. The experiment was conducted in a factorial approach with three replications, where one factor was the level of the NP (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) fertilizer and the other compost, set in a randomized complete block design. Four levels of the N:P fertilizer (control, 27.6%:18.4%, 41.4%:32.2% and 55.2%:46%) were combined with three levels of compost (0, 3 ton/ha and 6 ton/ha), giving 12 treatments combination. From the data collected and analyzed, integrated application of the NP fertilizer and compost significantly increased soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus but had no effect on soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Application of 6 ton/ha compost was higher with plant height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, 1000 seeds weight, and biological yield. The sole application of the NP (55.2%:46%) produced (6.19 ton/ha) grain yield whereas combined application of the NP (55.2%:46%) along with the compost (6 ton/ha) produced the higher grain yield (8.16 ton/ha). This clearly revealed that application of 75% recommended inorganic NP fertilizers combined with compost resulted in increased wheat yield by 27.45% over sole application of inorganic fertilizer indicated that the integrated approach could enable to save up to 25% of commercial fertilizers and increase the yield of wheat.
Spheroid-induced heterogeneity and plasticity of uveal melanoma cells
Authors: Chen Yao , Lu Xiaoqin , Gao Ling , Dean Douglas C. , Liu Yongqing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The mechanism underlying cancer heterogeneity and plasticity remains elusive, in spite of the fact that multiple hypotheses have been put forward. We intended to clarify this heterogeneity in uveal melanoma (UM) by looking for evidence of cancer stem cell involvement and a potential role of ZEB1 in cancer cell plasticity.

Methods
Spheroids derived from human UM cells as well as xenograft tumors in nude mice were dissected for signs of heterogeneity and plasticity. Two human UM cell lines were studied: the epithelioid type C918 cell line and the spindle type OCM1 cell line. We knocked down ZEB1 in both cell lines to investigate its involvement in the regulation of stem-like cell formation and vascularization by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays.

Results
We found that a small side population (SP) in OCM1 showed stem cell-like properties such as heterogeneity, remote dissemination and nuclear dye exclusion after spheroid formation in vitro. ZEB1 regulated UM stem cell generation indirectly by promoting cell proliferation to form large size tumors in vivo and spheroid in vitro, and directly by binding to stemness genes such as TERT and ABCB1. In addition, we found that ZEB1 participates in vasculogenic mimicry system formation through the regulation of CD34 and VE-cadherin expression.

Conclusions
From our data we conclude that cancer stem cells may contribute to UM heterogeneity and plasticity and that ZEB1 may play a regulatory role in it.
The dose makes the poison: feeding of antibiotic-treated winter honey bees, Apis mellifera, with probiotics and b-vitamins
Authors: Brown Andrew , Rodriguez Victor , Pfister Judith , Perreten Vincent , Neumann Peter , Retschnig Gina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHoney stores of Apis mellifera colonies are replaced with sugar water by beekeepers, which may result in malnutrition. Nutritional supplements have been developed, but the importance of bacterial probiotics and vitamins is poorly understood. Given that supplementary feeding with vitamins and probiotics may enhance worker weight and longevity, this might suggest a feasible approach to mitigate winter colony losses. Here, we conducted a laboratory hoarding cage study with freshly emerged winter bees, which were treated with the antibiotic tetracycline to reduce gut bacteria obtained post-emergence and subsequently assigned to feeding regimes: sucrose only, sucrose + pollen, probiotics (low and high dosage), probiotics + pollen (low and high dosage), or b-vitamins (low and high dosage) (N = 8 treatments, 29 workers/cage × 8 replicates). In parallel, another age cohort of bees remained on their frame (= Frame) to establish their gut microbiota and were subsequently fed with sucrose only or sucrose + pollen (N = 2 treatments, 29 workers/cage × 4 replicates). The most beneficial effects on body weights were found in workers given ad libitum access to pollen, notably in the Frame Sucrose + Pollen group, confirming the inherent importance of post-emergent gut flora inoculation and the role of gut bacteria in protein digestion. Furthermore, both Frame groups and the antibiotic-treated workers fed with probiotic low + pollen survived longer than all other groups, highlighting a fundamental host-microbial relationship. On the other hand, our current treatments alone, post-tetracycline, did not yield any positive results. In contrast, high dosages of both probiotic and b-vitamins significantly reduced lifespan compared to their low concentration counterparts, probably due to dysbiosis and toxicity, suggesting that the outcome was dose-dependent. These results highlight that bacterial and b-vitamin supplementation can alter longevity with advisable caution since harmful concentrations appear to exist.