bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological Response of Hosta, Daylily, and Yellow Nutsedge to Bentazon
Authors: Melton Regina , Kelly John , Whitwell Ted 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of bentazon on hosta (Hosta fortunei Tratt. cv. Hyacinthina), daylily (Hemerocallis L. cv. Sammy Russell), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) diffusive resistance and net photosynthesis was determined to screen for resistance to bentazon, a herbicide. Measurements of diffusive resistance and net photosynthesis were taken over 99 hours after treatment. Bentazon application increased diffusive resistance in yellow nutsedge 4 hours after treatment. In hosta and daylily, diffusive resistance increased by 24 hours; however, at 48 hours, treated plants responded the same as controls. Net photosynthesis was inhibited in yellow nutsedge within 4 hours after treatment, and the plants did not recover when measured after 4 days. Hosta net photosynthesis decreased after 24 and 48 hours, but net photosynthesis returned to the level of control plants after 4 days. Daylily net photosynthesis was not affected by bentazon application. No visual injury was detected from bentazon treatment in hosta or daylily, but nutsedge was severely injured. For rapid screening of herbicide tolerance, it may be possible to use photosynthetic measurements to determine susceptibility to bentazon. Chemical name used: 3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiazothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide (bentazon).
Inheritance of Five Isozyme Loci in Apricot
Authors: Byrne David H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Genetic analysis of five presumptive isozyme loci in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. and related species) revealed that the variation observed was controlled by two or three alleles in a simple Mendelian manner. This increases the number of known simply inherited traits in apricot from one to six. Linkage was not detected between MDH-1 and MDH-2.
Relationship between Chromaticity Values and Chlorophyll Concentration in Apple, Grape, and Peach Leaves
Authors: Singha Suman , Townsend Edwin C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chlorophyll content of leaf tissues can be accurately determined in the laboratory by spectrophotometric measurement of the leaf extract obtained with ethanol (Knudson et al., 1977), acetone (Blessington and Rasberry, 1980), or N,N-dimethylformamide (Moran and Porath, 1980). However, extraction is laborious and destructive. A rapid, nondestructive method to estimate leaf chlorophyll using a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD-501, Minolta Corp.) was recently reported (Marquard and Tipton, 1987; Yadava, 1986). However, the manufacture of this instrument has been discontinued.
Estimating Sample Size for Experiments Measuring Photosynthesis in Peach
Authors: Elkner Timothy E. , Coston D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One of the most important aspects of designing an experiment is determining sample size. Without prior experience, estimation of the amount of variation that will be encountered during data collection is difficult. This information is necessary to decide the number of replicates needed. Recently, Marini (1985) and Marini and Trout (1984) have published reports on the sample size needed to determine treatment effects in peach tree growth and yield studies. However, this type of information is lacking for sample sizes required to detect differences in net photosynthesis in peach. This note attempts to assist researchers in determining correct sample size.
Adjuvant Addition Increases Paclobutrazol Spray Efficacy on ‘Delicious’ Apple
Authors: El-Khoreiby Ali M. , Lehman L. J. , Unrath C. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various adjuvants in a foliar paclobutrazol (PB) spray on vegetative growth and fruit characteristics of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees.
Rooting Live Oak Rhizomic Shoots
Authors: Wang Yin-Tung , Rouse Robert E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) traditionally has been propagated by seed because vegetative propagation has not been successful on a commercial scale (Flemer, 1962; Maynard and Bassuk, 1987; Morgan and McWilliams, 1976). However, as a result of seedling variability, live oaks offered for sale exhibited varied growth forms with variable quality.
B-21: A Dry Black Bean Breeding Line with Multiple Virus Resistance
Authors: Provvidenti R. , Scully B. , Halseth D. E. , Wallace D. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In North America, dry black beans are produced primarily for the domestic and Latin American export markets. Currently, most black bean cultivars are susceptible to a broad array of viral diseases that are causing serious crop losses in the western hemisphere. ‘Black Turtle-1’ (‘BT-1’), a selection out of ‘Black Turtle Soup’, has resistance to five viruses, but is extremely susceptible to bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) (Prowidenti, 1983). BYMV is one of the most destructive diseases of beans in New York state. The primary purpose of this breeding program was to incorporate BYMV resistance into ‘BT-1’. Because ‘BT-1’ has a partially recumbent growth habit, which is horticulturally undesirable, a second objective was to select for a plant type similar to the standard ‘Black Turtle Soup’ (‘T-39’) or ‘Midnight’ (Sandsted, 1980).
Flower Bud Coatings of Spray Oils Delay Dehardening and Bloom in Peach Trees
Authors: Call Robert E. , Seeley Schuyler D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Various coating treatments werre applied to ‘Johnson Elberta’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] trees before budbreak to delay bloom and slow deacclimation. Phenological development was monitored by comparisons with a bud stage chart and hardiness was tested using a programmable freezing chamber. Applications of dormant oil at 2%, 5%, 10%, or 20% were equally effective. In 1984 and 1985, bloom was delayed 2.0 and 1.3 bud stages (5 days) and flower bud hardiness was increased 4.2 and 1.6C, respectively, when compared to the control. Oils applied at 20% concentration were phytotoxic to flower buds. Adding daminozide to various oil treatments produced no additional effect. Chemical name used: succinic acid-2,2-dimethyIhydrazide (daminozide).
Photoperiodic Induction of Flowering in Guayule
Authors: Backhaus R. A. , Higgins R. R. , Dierig D. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flowering response in guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) was found to be photoperiodically induced by long days. The critical daylength for flowering was between 9.5 and 11 hours. The flowering response was the same when measured as days to first flower, node to first flower, or percentage of plants flowering. Plants flowered within 57 days of emergence under 16-hour long days or 8-hour short days, with a light interruption midway through the dark period, but did not flower under 8-hour short days. Flowering was most rapid under 20-hour days and slowed as day-lengths approached 11 hours. Flower induction occurred with exposure to as few as three 20-hour photocycles.
Promotion of Fruit Ripening of Ornamental Peppers by Ethephon
Authors: Armitage A. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit ripening of ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was accelerated by the application of ethephon 3 to 6 weeks after anthesis. Concentrations as low as 75 μ1·liter−1 were effective, but 600 μ1·liter−1 resulted in foliar and fruit damage. Concentrations of 150 and 300 μ1·liter−1 were most effective, regardless of cultivar. Fruit <3 cm long were less sensitive to ethephon than more mature fruit. Raising the pH of the treatment solution from 3.3 to 6.3 resulted in increased effectiveness of the chemical, mainly due to an increased response by the larger fruit. Production time was reduced ≈1 day for every 5% increase in colored fruit due to ethephon. Chemical names used: 2-(chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).
Uniconazole Efficacy on Chrysanthemum and Poinsettia Is Not Affected by Spray Carrier Volume
Authors: Bailey Douglas A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Equal doses of uniconazole were applied in differing spray volumes to plants of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev. ‘Ovaro’) to examine carrier volume effects on uniconazole efficacy. Plants received 204 ml water/m2 (controls) or 102, 204, 306, or 408 ml·m−2 of 40, 20, 13.3, or 10 mg uniconazole/liter, respectively. Treatments did not affect time from start of short days to bloom. Inflorescence display diameter was not affected by spray carrier volume, but was less for uniconazole-treated plants than for controls. No carrier volume effect on plant height was observed, but all uniconazole treatments resulted in plants shorter than controls. Plants of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ‘Annette Hegg Brilliant Diamond’, ‘Gutbier V-14 Glory’, ‘Eckespoint Celebrate’, and ‘Eckespoint Jingle Bells 3’) were sprayed with 204 ml water/m2 (controls) or 102, 204, 306, or 408 ml·m−2 of 20, 10, 6.7, or 5 mg uniconazole/liter, respectively. Treatments did not affect time from start of short days to anthesis or bract canopy diameter. Spray carrier volume did not affect plant height, but uniconazole-treated plants were shorter at anthesis than controls. The results obtained do not support the hypothesis that spray carrier volume affects the efficacy of uniconazole on chrysanthemums or poinsettias. Chemical name used: (E)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol (uniconazole).
Chemicals Control Bermudagrass and Johnsongrass Without Injury to ‘Concord’ Grapes
Authors: Johnson David H. , Talbert Ronald E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Glyphosate, fluazifop, sethoxydim, haloxyfop, and quizalofop were applied to bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] in a ‘Concord’ (Vitis labrusca L.) vineyard in 1985 and 1986. Spray was allowed to contact the grape foliage in all treatments except the glyphosate treatment. Two-year usage of these herbicides controlled johnsongrass and bermudagrass and caused no grape injury. Chemical names used: N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate); (±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fluazifop); 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one (sethoxydim); 2-[4[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoro-methyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (haloxyfop); 2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenyoxy]propanoic acid (quizalofop).
Maturity of Spur and Standard Strains of ‘Mcintosh’ Apples
Authors: Meheriuk M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abstract, Fruit samples from a standard strain (‘Summerland Red’) and four spur-type strains (‘Dewar’, ‘Macspur’, ‘Morspur’, and ‘Starkspur’) of ‘Mcintosh’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were harvested weekly and evaluated for skin redness, firmness, soluble solids concentration, titrable acidity, weight, starch index, and internal ethylene content. During a 3-year period (1985-87), there was no difference among the strains in the proportion of fruit with core ethylene values of ≥1 μl·liter−1. Lower firmness values, larger size, and greater hydrolysis of starch was evident in the spur strains. The lower firmness values in the spur strains of ‘McIntosh’ apples appear to be an inherent characteristic of these strains and are independent of maturation rate or size.
Effect of Pre-treatments on Transpiration of Chrysanthemum morifolium in the Dark
Authors: Rajapakse Nihal C. , Reed David William , Kelly John W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of pre-treatments with abscisic acid (ABA), silver thiosulfate (STS), or ethylene on transpiration rate of Chrysanthemum morifolium L. cv. Bright Golden Anne during the dark. ABA and STS reduced subsequent dark transpiration, while exposure to ethylene increased it. Treatment with STS partially reduced the influence of ethylene. These results indicate the possibility of using pre-treatments to reduce water loss under dark shipping/storage conditions.
Simulation: An Integrative Tool in Crop Research
Authors: Loomis R. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A well known agronomist and plant physiologist makes some potent comments on current crop research theory and practice with predictions as to the direction of change. This paper was presented during the annual meeting of the American Society for Horticultural Science at Davis, California, in 1968 in a General Session dealing with the concept of yield in horticulture.
Certification as a Means to Provide Variety Protection1
Authors: Pardee William D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seed certification now offers a simple, voluntary means of protecting proprietary varieties. Three years ago I could not have said this. But, the International Crop Improvement Association, which has now changed its name to the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies, has reviewed and drastically revised its standards and procedures. One of its aims has been to develop a system of certification to serve seed companies producing private varieties.
Apical Dominance in the Lowbush Blueberry Altered by Indolebutyric Acid1
Authors: Hall I. V. , Aalders L. E. , Crowe A. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) applied to the midvein of lowbush blueberry leaves stimulated lateral shoot development in what is normally an unbranched stem. IBA was effective when applied as a 2% mixture in either lanolin or water. The site of application and habit of shoot growth were shown to influence the treatment response.
Moisture and the Use of Simazine on Prunus1
Authors: Lange A. H. , Elmore C. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Weed competition reduced the growth of young peach and plum rootstoeks. Heavy sprinkler irrigation increased the phytotoxicity of simazine to young Prunus rootstoeks. Recovery from severe foliar injury occurred during the season and normal growth resulted at the lower rates of simazine. No detrimental residual effect on tree growth was noted during the following season.
Potassium in Floriculture Crops Nutrition
Authors: Boodley J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The review by Evans and Sorger (6) on “The Role of Mineral Elements with Emphasis on the Univalent Cations” as found in the 1966 Annual Review of Plant Physiology Volume 17 is principally concerned with other than floriculture crops. However, the K nutritional requirements of floriculture crops are so similar to those of vegetables that the review can stand for both.
The Efficiency of Developing Male-Sterile and Male-Fertile Inbred Components by Backcrossing1
Authors: Bliss F. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Control of pollen production without the difficulties of mechanical emasculation allows crosses to be made efficiently in many plant species that would otherwise be disregarded commercially because of problems of hybridization. Development of male-sterile inbreds is facilitated by the use of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility in a manner similar to the system proposed by Jones and Clarke for use in onions (5). This method is now commonly used in F1 hybrid development of such crops as maize (6), sorghum (9), sugar beets (8), and sudan grass (1), and has been suggested for use in other crops (4).
Effect of Indolebutyric Acid and Succinic Acid-2,2-Dimethylhydrazide on Adventitious Root Formation of Woody Cuttings1
Authors: Fretz T. A. , Davis T. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The influence of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and succinic acid-2,2-dimethyl-hydrazide (SADH) on the adventitious root formation of 4 species of woody plants was investigated at concns of 1000, 2500, and 5000 ppm applied as a 15 sec basal dip. At both the 5000 and 2500 ppm levels of IBA, Ilex cornuta Lindl. cv. ‘Burfordii’ and Juniperus horizontalis Moench. cv. ‘Plumosa’ responded with greater adventitious root formation than any of the SADH treatments. Increased adventitious root formation in Cupressus arozonica Greene, was observed only at the 5000 ppm level of IBA. Pinus strobus L. did not respond to any of the treatments.
The Effects of Several Chemical Treatments on Tipburn of Head Lettuce1
Authors: Corgan J. N. , Cotter D. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thirteen different foliar sprays and 1 soil treatment of several chemicals were evaluated for their effects on tipburn of ‘Great Lakes 659’ head lettuce. Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (5000 ppm), N-6 benzyladenine (25 ppm), simazine (2000 ppm), and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (100 ppm) plus CaCl2 (2500 ppm) each reduced tipburn. Triiodobenzoic acid (50 ppm) and phenylmercuric acetate (100 ppm) each increased tipburn, while gibberellic acid (50 ppm) plus N-6 benzyladenine (25 ppm), CaCl2 (2500 ppm), urea (2500 ppm), calcium chelate (100 ppm), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1 lb./acre) plus CaCl2 (100 lb./acre) soil treatment each had no significant effect on tipburn. Injury symptoms and reduced head weight were noted from simazine and phenylmercuric acetate treatments.
An Integrated System for Providing Power, Water and Food for Desert Coasts
Authors: Hodges Carl N. , Hodge Carle O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Of the 20,000 miles of coastal deserts that gird the earth (8), most are all but bereft of population. Yet, paradoxically, many of them, were they given the amenities, could be productive, pleasant places to live. Several methods that might make these areas more habitable have been put forth, the most ambitious being that of the Oak Ridge National Laboratories (9). Oak Ridge scientists conceive of huge nuclear centers. Each center could support an industrial complex and a 300-acre farm. But the prerequisite investment would be of such enormity that few less developed nations could afford one without the largess of the developed world. On a modest, and hopefully more immediately attainable scale, the University of Arizona has devised an approach that can economically provide power, water and food for coastal communities.
The Response of Muck-grown Carrots to Fumigation and Soil Water Stress1
Authors: Maurer A. R. , Conroy J. F. , Watson T. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil fumigation with methyl bromide greatly reduced Pythium debaryanum infection on carrots in pot experiments. The yield of carrots in fumigated soil responded to irrigation but did not respond in non-fumigated soil. A soil water stress equivalent to 20% of available water at field capacity produced the poorest yield.
‘Poorman’: A Promising Rootstock For Israeli Citrus1
Authors: Mendel K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ‘Poorman’ orange (New Zealand grapefruit) has been tested against other rootstocks in Israel during 15 years. After an initial slow development, the trees on ‘Poorman’ are at present the largest trees in the trial. Compared with the standard rootstock (sour orange, sweet lime and rough lemon) trees on ‘Poorman’ excel in the quantity of their yields during 10 years of fruiting. Fruit quality on this rootstock does not differ from that on the standard stocks. This rootstock seems to be fairly resistant to Phytophthora, and tolerant to the viruses of xyloporosis and exocortis, which are universally present in the old clone budwood in Israel. ‘Poorman’ appears adapted to the heavier soil types.
The Third Thirty-three Presidential Address
Authors: Beattie James M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
James M. (Jim) Beattie was born in Washington, D. C. on February 14, 1921 and spent his early years on a small truck crops farm at McLean, Virginia. At the age of 15, the family relocated to the U. S. Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Maryland, where his father served as superintendent. Following graduation from high school, he entered the University of Maryland and completed the BS degree in 1941 with a major in horticulture. His graduate work in the Department of Pomology at Cornell University extended from 1941 through early 1948 with a 4-year interruption for military service with the U.S. Army Air Force during World War II. Graduate studies leading to the PhD degree in 1948 were with a major in pomology and minors in plant physiology and soils.
About Our Cover
Authors: Tresch Phillip S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The brandy glass terrarium is an example of a pleasing and esthetic indoor design element which an “office gardener” of the future ma y produce in order to help make large office working environments more enjoyable and satisfying. There is a new office planning concept called “office landscaping”, or “Burola ndschaft” as it is called in Germany where it was developed a few years ago.1 Basically, it is a flexible open-office arrangement which can include several completely private areas. Instead of the usual permanent walls and halls, an organized spatial pattern is developed with low plantings, low movable p artitions, and an overall emphasis on color, form, and scale.
New Vegetable Varieties List XVIII
Authors: _ _ , Barnes W. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seventeen prior lists of new vegetable varieties introduced since 1936 were published in Vols. 63, 65, 67, 69, 70, 75, 77, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90 and 92 of Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science, and Vol. 4 No. 1 and Vol. 5 No. 3 of HortScience.
The following abbreviations are used: exp. desig.-experimental designation; orig.-originated at or by; intr.-introduced by; par.-parentage or parents; char.-outstanding characteristics; res.-resistant to; sim.-similar to or resembles; sel.-selection or selected; adapt.-adapted to or adaptation.
Design and Operational Features of the Minnesota Precision Plot Irrigator1
Authors: Allred Evan R. , Read Paul E. , Anderson Sigurd H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Experiments on the design of plot applicators for use in irrigation research were conducted, with 4 units constructed and successfully used on the University of Minnesota Sand Plain Experimental Field, of such applicators permits uniform application and precise measurement of the water applied. With minor adjustments, plot application areas up to 1, 250 ft2 (25 × 50 ft) can be accommodated.
Those units where the sprinkler arm was driven hydraulically by the available water pressure had less down-time and were more easily maintained, as compared to those which were driven by chain from a small gasoline engine. With hydraulically driven models, operating at pressures of 30 psi or less, it is recommended that cylinder diam of 1½-inch (or larger) be used.
Balloon-type tires are recommended for greater maneuverability between plots. The supporting beam of the applicator should be at the minimum heights permissible, as determined by the maximum anticipated height of the crop being grown.
Prestorage Promotion of Leaf Abscission of Deciduous Tree Fruit Nursery Stock with Bromodine-Ethephon Mixtures1
Authors: Larsen Fenton E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mixtures of Bromodine and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) were often superior to either chemical used alone for prestorage stimulation of leaf abscission of tree fruit nursery stock. Environmental conditions favorable to natural leaf abscission reduced the advantage of a mixture. Ethephon injury was observed at 500 and 1000 ppm on species previously undamaged at much higher rates.
Postharvest Color Promotion in Cranberry with Ethylene1
Authors: Craker Lyle E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene treatment of field harvested cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) promoted red color development in the fruit. Anthocyanin production by berries in 3 different stages of maturity was greatest when the fruit was treated with ethylene in the light. Light stimulated ethylene production by the cranberry fruit.