bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin for secondary prevention of cerebral infarction and bleeding in older adults with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kumazawa Ryosuke , Jo Taisuke , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been used for both primary and secondary prevention of cerebral infarction in older patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, whether DOACs are more effective and safer than warfarin for secondary prevention of cerebral infarction in older patients with AF remains unclear.MethodsUsing the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients with AF who were hospitalized for cerebral infarction from January 1, 2015 to March 31, 2019 and were aged ≥75 years at admission. We performed propensity score‐stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses to balance measured confounders between patients with AF receiving DOACs and those receiving warfarin after discharge. The primary outcomes were 365‐day readmission for (a) benefit: cerebral infarction or (b) harm: bleeding events after discharge. The secondary outcomes were 365‐day readmission for intracranial bleeding or gastrointestinal bleeding after discharge as well as all‐cause death during readmission. Using a Fine–Gray model, we compared the subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) of readmission between the DOAC group and warfarin group.ResultsWe identified 101,389 eligible patients, including 80,726 patients receiving DOACs and 20,663 patients receiving warfarin. After the propensity score‐stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting, the adjusted SHRs of readmission (95% confidence interval [CI]) for cerebral infarction, bleeding events, and intracranial bleeding in the DOAC group as compared with the warfarin group were 0.76 (0.71–0.81), 0.78 (0.68–0.90), and 0.69 (0.57–0.82), respectively. There was no significant difference in readmission for gastrointestinal bleeding (SHR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.72–1.41) between the DOAC and warfarin groups.ConclusionIn this retrospective nationwide study, DOACs were more effective and safer than warfarin for preventing reinfarction and bleeding events in patients with AF aged ≥75 years who have a history of cerebral infarction.
Biofortification of iron and zinc in rice and wheat
Authors: Kong Danyu , Khan Sabaz Ali , Wu Huilan , Liu Yi , Ling Hong‐Qing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIron and zinc are critical micronutrients for human health. Approximately two billion people suffer from iron and zinc deficiencies worldwide, most of whom rely on rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as staple foods. Therefore, biofortifying rice and wheat with iron and zinc is an important and economical approach to ameliorate these nutritional deficiencies. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to iron and zinc uptake, translocation, storage, and signaling pathways in rice and wheat. We then discuss current progress in efforts to biofortify rice and wheat with iron and zinc. Finally, we provide future perspectives for the biofortification of rice and wheat with iron and zinc.
Are the popliteofibular ligament, the arcuate ligament, and the fibular insertion of the popliteus muscle the same structure? An anatomic and terminological study
Authors: Vieira Eduardo Luis Cruells , Vieira Eduardo Álvaro , Aguiar Rafael Angelini , Lopes Cladis Sanches , Steffen Alfredo Mendes , Cohen Moisés 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLesions in the lateral region of the knee can result in severe disability due to instability and articular degeneration. The structures in the posterolateral side of the knee function as a unit contributes to rotation and translation limits. Anatomical descriptions of the lateral corner of the knee are incomplete and contradictory. This study aims to verify, through anatomical dissections in cadavers, if the fibular insertion of the popliteus muscle, the arcuate ligament, and the popliteofibular ligament are distinct or the same structure with different terminology and descriptions in the literature. Fifteen cadavers were dissected. Photographs were taken, and in some cases, a video was recorded. Also, the correct terminology for ligament and insertion was searched. The dissections allowed the popliteus muscle to be identified proximally in the lateral femoral condyle, in the fibula head's posterolateral region, and through a meniscocapsular insertion. In none of the anatomy books reviewed, this fibular insertion of the popliteus muscle is mentioned. However, our findings and data from other experimental studies provide evidence of its presence. The aponeurotic portion of the arcuate ligament is distinguished from the short lateral ligament, which is the fibular insertion of the popliteus muscle with its tendinous attachment. Therefore, the term popliteofibular ligament should be abandoned based on the anatomic terminology, and the term “fibular insertion of the popliteus muscle” should be used instead.
Executive function and attentional bias as serial mediators in the relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms among older inpatients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ji Lili , Zhu Baoqi , Wang Jinrong , Ding Mengshuang , Gao Yapeng , Qiao Xiaoxia , Jin Yaru , Si Huaxin , Wang Cuili 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the serial mediating effect of executive function and attentional bias in the relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms.BackgroundAlthough the role of frailty in predicting depression has been well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 667 older inpatients aged 60–90 years in the internal medicine wards of a hospital in China.MethodsAttentional bias, frailty and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale, the Physical Frailty Phenotype and the 5‐item Geriatric Depression Scale. Executive function was measured using 3 tests, including digital backward, category Verbal Fluency Test and Trail Making Test. The study followed the STROBE guideline.ResultsThe latent profile analysis (LPA) identified four patterns of attentional bias, namely “no positive bias & no negative bias” (class 1, 9.3%), “minor positive bias & no negative bias” (class 2, 48.0%), “major positive bias & minor negative bias” (class 3, 25.6%) and “major positive bias & no negative bias” (class 4, 17.1%). Regression analysis found that frailty was associated with depressive symptoms. Frailty was also negatively associated with executive function, which was a protective factor for attentional bias class 1, 2 and 3 with reference to class 4. Attentional bias class 1 and 2 but not class 3 was associated with depressive symptoms with reference to class 4. The joint significance test confirmed executive function and attentional bias as serial mediators linking frailty to depressive symptoms.DiscussionUnlike robust older adults who have the age‐related positivity effect, frail older adults have attentional bias deficits due to executive dysfunction, and consequently experience clinically relevant depressive symptoms.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare providers should take executive function training and attentional bias regulation into consideration to reduce the detrimental effects of frailty on emotional well‐being.
‘In the beginning it was difficult but things got easier’: Service use experiences of family members of people with disability from Iraqi and Syrian refugee backgrounds
Authors: Dew Angela , Lenette Caroline , Wells Ruth , Higgins Maree , McMahon Tadgh , Coello Mariano , Momartin Shakeh , Raman Shanti , Bibby Helen , Smith Louisa , Boydell Katherine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 2012 change in Australia's immigration policy saw increased resettlement of refugees with disability, with a large number fleeing political instability in Iraq and Syria. The evidence on service disparities for resettled refugees with disability and their families is sparse. The study aim was to explore, from multiple stakeholder perspectives, the experiences of people with disability from Iraqi and Syrian refugee backgrounds resettled in Australia, with a view to informing future services and supports. Interviews with nine family members of 11 people with disability from Iraqi and Syrian refugee backgrounds and seven practitioners working in refugee specific services. Persons with disability had a range of disabilities including intellectual or developmental, physical and sensory. Interviews were translated from Arabic to English as required and analysed using thematic analysis. Two themes described the practices and service interventions that addressed disparities: (1) Getting the basics right: Refugee specific services played a crucial role during early settlement in ensuring access to medical, health and social care including diagnosis, medication, equipment, housing and financial support. (2) Ongoing access to disability supports: Refugee specific services assisted families with longer‐term supports once immediate needs were met, including accessing services through the National Disability Insurance Scheme. Participants described benefits such as having access to interpreters and Arabic‐speaking staff, demonstrating services' attention to cultural sensitivity and safety, and problems including waiting times, bureaucratic processes and housing needs. Refugee specific services, disability services and health services should collaboratively develop and implement strategies to tackle the intersectional nature of issues resettled refugees with disability and their families encounter in Australia. These should be informed by the experiences of people with disability and family members from refugee backgrounds and privilege holistic practices that avoid reliance on one sector alone to address the complex needs of refugees with disability.
Antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production and invasion of mammary epithelial cells by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus mundtii strains isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues D.S. , Lannes-Costa P.S. , Santos G.S. , Ribeiro R.L. , Langoni H. , Teixeira L.M. , Nagao P.E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Members of the genus Enterococcus are among the most relevant etiologic agents of bovine clinical and subclinical mastitis, a major problem for the dairy industry. In Brazil, clonal diversity, and multidrug resistance profiles related to bovine infections need further investigation. In this study, 11 bacterial strains recovered from mastitis subclinical cases detected in different farms of São Paulo, Brazil, were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (n = 8) and Enterococcus mundtii (n = 3) by biochemical testing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis categorized the enterococcal isolates into two main clusters (A and B) with similarity ranging from 85 to 100%. The isolates were shown to be resistant tetracycline (73%), erythromycin (73%), quinupristin–dalphopristin (64%), norfloxacin (9%), fosfomycin (9%) and linezolid (9%). Moreover, seven strains (64%) were considered multidrug-resistant. All the isolates were able to produce biofilms when grown in milk for 24 h: 54·54% were classified as moderate producers and 45·45% were weak producers. Interestingly, only two strains (Ef17 and Em42) remained as moderate biofilm producers after 48 h incubation. Moreover, all isolates showed no ability to form biofilm in tryptic soy broth (TSB) after 24 and 48 h incubation. In addition, cytoskeleton components were partially involved in E. faecalis and E. mundtii entry to epithelial cells as demonstrated by induction of actin stress fibre. In conclusion, enterococci isolates recovered from bovine subclinical mastitis were resistant to several classes of antibiotics, showing the ability to form biofilms in milk and invade mammary epithelial cells, suggesting an advantageous feature in mammary gland colonization during mastitis development. In addition, they can spread along the food chain by different routes and eventually constitute a possible threat for public health, including E. mundtii specie.
Disrupted local beta band networks in schizophrenia revealed through graph analysis: A magnetoencephalography study
Authors: Tagawa Minami , Takei Yuichi , Kato Yutaka , Suto Tomohiro , Hironaga Naruhito , Ohki Takefumi , Takahashi Yumiko , Fujihara Kazuyuki , Sakurai Noriko , Ujita Koichi , Tsushima Yoshito , Fukuda Masato 
Published: April 2022

AimsSchizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment, and is hypothesized to be a ‘dysconnection’ syndrome due to abnormal neural network formation. Although numerous studies have helped elucidate the pathophysiology of SZ, many aspects of the mechanism underlying psychotic symptoms remain unknown. This study used graph theory analysis to evaluate the characteristics of the resting‐state network (RSN) in terms of microscale and macroscale indices, and to identify candidates as potential biomarkers of SZ. Specifically, we discriminated topological characteristics in the frequency domain and investigated them in the context of psychotic symptoms in patients with SZ.MethodsWe performed graph theory analysis of electrophysiological RSN data using magnetoencephalography to compare topological characteristics represented by microscale (degree centrality and clustering coefficient) and macroscale (global efficiency, local efficiency, and small‐worldness) indices in 29 patients with SZ and 38 healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the aberrant topological characteristics of the RSN in patients with SZ and their relationship with SZ symptoms.ResultsSZ was associated with a decreased clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and small‐worldness, especially in the high beta band. In addition, macroscale changes in the low beta band are closely associated with negative symptoms.ConclusionsThe local networks of patients with SZ may disintegrate at both the microscale and macroscale levels, mainly in the beta band. Adopting an electrophysiological perspective of SZ as a failure to form local networks in the beta band will provide deeper insights into the pathophysiology of SZ as a ‘dysconnection’ syndrome.
Osteoarticular infections in infants under 3 months of age
Authors: Branco Joana , Duarte Mariana , Norte Susana , Arcangelo Joana , Alves Pedro , Brito Maria , Tavares Delfin , Gouveia Catarina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute osteoarticular infections (OAI) in infants under 3 months of age (≤3M) are rare and remain a diagnostic challenge. Orthopedic complications and functional sequelae have been less well described in this age group. Our aims were to evaluate trends in aetiology, management, and outcomes of OAI ≤ 3M, and to compare these younger children who have OAI with older children.MethodsA longitudinal observational study was conducted of OAI cases admitted to tertiary care pediatric hospital from 2008 to 2018. OAI ≤ 3M was compared with children above 3 months. Clinical, microbiological, imaging, and outcome data were analyzed.ResultsWe identified 24 (9.1%) of the 263 OAI in children under 3 months. Analyzing OAI ≤ 3M there was a twofold increase since 2014; 54% were males with a median age of 28 days (IQR: 13.5–60.0), 10 (41.7%) were premature and nine (37.5%) had healthcare‐associated infections. Microbiological causes were identified in 87.5%, mostly Staphylococcus aureus (57.1%) and Group B Streptococcus (23.8%), and 25% were multidrug‐resistant (5 methicillin‐resistant S. aureus and 1 Enterobacter cloacae). Bacteremia (100% vs 36.8%, P = 0.037), multidrug resistant bacteria (75% vs 16, P = 0.04), and healthcare‐associated infections (100% vs 26.3%, P = 0.014) were associated with sequelae. Comparing OAI ≤ 3M with older children, OAI ≤ 3M were treated with longer antibiotic courses, had more complications and sequelae (17.4% vs 3.2%, P = 0.002).ConclusionsS. aureus is still the most common cause of OAI ≤ 3M, and 25% of causative bacteria were multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Complications and sequelae were more frequent in OAI ≤ 3M when compared with older children.
Nesidiocoris tenuis in Burkina Faso: Distribution, predatory capacity and insecticide sensibility
Authors: Sawadogo Mathieu W. , Mano Elias , Ahissou Besmer Régis , Somda Irénée , Nacro Souleymane , Legrève Anne , Verheggen François J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a worldwide invasive insect species, considered a major pest of tomato. It has recently established in Burkina Faso, where chemical control remains the only affordable option to limit damages. Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) is commercialized as a biological agent to control this pest in other parts of the world. But very limited information exists on this predator in Burkina Faso. In this study, we first performed an insect survey in all agricultural regions areas of the country, and we found N. tenuis to be widely observed in all of them. Then, we performed two laboratory bioassays and demonstrated that all instars preyed on T. absoluta eggs, whether they were fed ad libitum or they had to actively forage for their prey. Because insecticide tolerant populations of T. absoluta were recently identified, we finally aimed at identifying agrochemicals that do not harm N. tenuis. We evaluated the toxicity of two synthetic insecticides, three bio‐bacterial insecticides and eight plant extracts, all being active ingredients available on the local market. Most of them (i.e., abamectin, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, spinetoram) were highly toxic for both T. absoluta and N. tenuis. In contrast, Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki, neem oil, Cleome viscosa (Asian spiderflower), Ocimum basilicum (Basil) and Cassia occidentalis (Coffee senna) were compatible with N. tenuis while still controlling T. absoluta. Based on our results, we recommend the application of Bacillus thuringiensis to both control T. absoluta and which does not compromise the maintenance of N. tenuis populations.
High Melanin Content in Melanoma Cells Contributes to EnhancedDNADamage after Rose Bengal Photosensitization
Authors: Kalegari Paloma , Leme Daniela Morais , Disner Geonildo Rodrigo , Cestari Marta Margarete , de Lima Bellan Daniel , Meira Willian Vanderlei , Mazepa Ester , Martinez Glaucia Regina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMelanoma is a type of tumor that originates from melanocytes. Irradiation of melanin with UVA and visible light can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet molecular oxygen (1O2). The objective of this study was to examine DNA damage in melanoma cells (B16‐F10) with different melanin contents, subjected to1O2generation. To this end, we used the photosensitizer Rose Bengal acetate (RBAc) and irradiation with visible light (526 nm) (RBAc‐PDT). We used the modified comet assay with the repair enzymes hOGG1 and T4 endonuclease V to detect the DNA damage associated with 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers lesions, respectively. We observed increased formation of hOGG1‐ and T4endoV‐sensitive DNA lesions after light exposure (with or without RBAc). Furthermore, 18 h after irradiation, hOGG1‐sensitive DNA lesions increased compared to that at the initial time point (0 h), which shows that a high melanin content contributes to post‐irradiation formation of them, mainlyviasustained oxidative stress, as confirmed by the measurement of ROS levels and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Contrastingly, the number of T4endoV‐sensitive DNA lesions decreased over time (18 h). Our data indicate that in melanoma cells, a higher amount of melanin may affect DNA damage levels when subjected to RBAc‐PDT.
Local municipal capacity for climate change action in New York State: Exploring the urban–rural divide
Authors: Allred Shorna B. , Chatrchyan Allison M. , Tsintsadze Giorgi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change is a critical global issue with profound local impacts. Recent scholarship on local government action to address climate change has primarily focused on cities, with less attention paid to how smaller municipalities and rural communities are tackling the issue. Our research investigates how the capacity of urban and rural municipalities in New York State (NYS) affects their ability to take climate action, utilizing data from a statewide survey, interviews, and secondary data on municipal participation in the NYS Climate Smart Communities program. We investigated how municipal capacity (including individual, management, and broader contextual factors) influences climate change action in rural and urban communities. We find that only a quarter of NYS municipalities have taken climate action, and most are mitigation rather than adaptation actions. There is significantly more climate action and municipal climate network participation in urban versus rural communities. Most local municipal officials believe that climate change is occurring and feel the impacts, yet most are unsure about addressing it at the local level. Climate action is best predicted by individual municipal capacity variables of strong climate beliefs and knowledge, and contextual variables of being in an urban municipality versus a rural one, and participation in climate networks. Key barriers to local climate action include the lack of human, financial, and technical resource capacity. Municipal climate networks can help overcome capacity limitations, particularly for resource‐limited rural communities.
Predicting Phenotypes from Brain Connection Structure
Authors: Guha Subharup , Jung Rex , Dunson David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the problem of predicting a response variable based on a network-valued predictor. Our motivation is the development of interpretable and accurate predictive models for cognitive traits and neuro-psychiatric disorders based on an individual's brain connection network (connectome). Current methods reduce the complex, high-dimensional brain network into low-dimensional pre-specified features prior to applying standard predictive algorithms. These methods are sensitive to feature choice and inevitably discard important information. Instead, we propose a nonparametric Bayes class of models that utilize the entire adjacency matrix defining brain region connections to adaptively detect predictive algorithms, while maintaining interpretability. The Bayesian Connectomics (BaCon) model class utilizes Poisson–Dirichlet processes to find a lower dimensional, bidirectional (covariate, subject) pattern in the adjacency matrix. The small n, large p problem is transformed into a ‘small n, small q’ problem, facilitating an effective stochastic search of the predictors. A spike-and-slab prior for the cluster predictors strikes a balance between regression model parsimony and flexibility, resulting in improved inferences and test case predictions. We describe basic properties of the BaCon model and develop efficient algorithms for posterior computation. The resulting methods are found to outperform existing approaches and applied to a creative reasoning dataset.