bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous human immunoglobulin utilization patterns and cost analysis in a Malaysian tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Choo Shea Jiun , Ng Chun Zheng , Ong Yi Jing , Kamarul Baharin Kamariah Shamsinar , Chang Chee Tao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
While intravenous human immunoglobulin therapy is potentially lifesaving for rare diseases, the significant costs associated with its usage warrant due attention. This study evaluated the costs and prescribing patterns of IVIg.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of medical records in a tertiary hospital. The evidence category IIA and below, as well as strength of recommendations level B and below were classified as lower evidence category and lower strength of recommendation, respectively. Patients’ demographic data, indications, dosing regimen, physician specialty were retrieved from medical records, while the cost was derived based on total prescribed doses.

Results
Out of 78 patients, more than half of the patients were prescribed with off-label IVIg based on MOHM Formulary (52, 66.7%), FDA indications (52, 66.7%) and EMA indications (46, 59.0%). 37 (47.4%) cases used IVIg for indications with lower evidence category and 52 (66.7%) cases with lower strength of recommendation. The total cost of IVIg use within the 2-year period was RM 695,426.36, with RM267,993.40 (38.5%) spent for indications with lower evidence category. Immunoglobulin use in rheumatology and neurology cases were associated with lower evidence category (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
A high proportion of off-label immunoglobulin use was observed. A timely update of prescribing policy, standardization of prescribing guidelines may promote appropriate immunoglobulin prescribing and justify expenses.
Optimal delay for triple-phase hepatic computed tomography using a bolus-tracking technique in cats
Authors: Li Bin , Ren Mingli , Abouelfetouh Mahmoud M. , Guo Panpan , Ding Ming Xing , Yang Diqi , Wu Yanqing , Ding Yi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to provide the characteristics of hepatic computed tomography images and optimize their transition delay with a bolus-tracking technique for triple-phase hepatic computed tomography in cats. Dynamic triple-phase computed tomography was performed in nine healthy cats. The upper third of the liver was dynamically scanned every 0.5 s for 40 s. The time density curves of the aorta and hepatic parenchyma mean enhancement were analyzed. Triple-phase hepatic computed tomography was performed three times with a bolus trigger of 200 Hounsfield units of aortic enhancement. The transition delays of the arterial, portal, and hepatic parenchymal phases were respectively 0, 5 and 60 s in the first scan; 2, 7 and 62 s in the second scan; and 4, 9 and 64 s in the third scan. All computed tomography images were evaluated by a certificated radiologist. The arterial vessels and their main branches were well enhanced at a 2 s transition delay. The contrast of the portal vein to the liver parenchyma was most obvious at a 7 s transition delay. The mean enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma peaked at a 62 s transition delay, whereas the degree of enhancement of the hepatic vasculature decreased. In this study, the recommended transition delays for the arterial, portal, and hepatic parenchymal phases were 2 s, 7 s and 62 s, respectively, after triggering at 200 Hounsfield units of aortic enhancement. This information may be helpful in diagnosing feline liver diseases and provides a key reference for the clinical implementation of CT.
Effects of lymphocyte, C-reactive protein and prealbumin levels on clinical typing and course of disease in children infected with novel coronavirus
Authors: Bi Jing , Zhang Yuanda , Zhang Jingzhi , Han Qian , Ji Chaoyu , Zhen Weina 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To investigate the effects of lymphocyte (LY), C-reactive protein (CRP) and prealbumin (PA) levels on the clinical typing and course of disease in children infected with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) at the early stage.
Methods: A total of 140 children with 2019-nCoV infection diagnosed in Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital and Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital from January 2021 to February 2021 were selected for this study. According to the clinical symptoms, laboratory results and imaging examination, the children were divided into asymptomatic infection group, mild infection group and common infection group. The levels of white blood cell (WBC), LY, CRP, PA, albumin (ALB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB) in the children were recorded on the 2nd d after the positive detection of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid.
Results: There were 73(52.1%) children in the asymptomatic infection group, 35(25.0%) children in the mild infection group and 32(22.9%) children in the common infection group. LY level in the common infection group was lower than that in the asymptomatic infection group and the mild infection group (F= 3.152, both p< 0.05). CRP level in the common infection group was higher than that in the asymptomatic infection group and the mild infection group (F= 6.343, both p< 0.05). CRP level in the mild infection group was higher than that in the asymptomatic infection group (t= 2.052, p< 0.05). PA level in the common infection group and the mild infection group was lower compared with the asymptomatic infection group (F= 5.229, both p< 0.05). WBC, ALB, AST, ALT, CK and CKMB levels in the three groups showed no statistical significance (F= 1.803, F= 1.208, F= 2.391, F= 1.973, F= 0.401, F= 1.332, respectively, all p> 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated that LY and PA levels were negatively correlated with hospital stay (r= -0.265, r= -0.325, both p< 0.050), but CRP level was not correlated with hospital stay (r= -0.039, p> 0.05).
Conclusion: CRP is correlated with the clinical typing of children with 2019-nCoV infection, while LY and PA levels may be closely correlated with the clinical typing and course of treatment of children with 2019-nCoV infection.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5286
How to cite this:Bi J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Han Q, Ji C, Zhen W. Effects of lymphocyte, C-reactive protein and prealbumin levels on clinical typing and course of disease in children infected with novel coronavirus. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5286
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Quartz crystal based sensor head design and analysis for robot torque sensor application
Authors: Fu Hao , Chen ChinYin , Wang Chongchong , Chao MinChiang , Zhou Qiang , Yang Guilin , Wang Guozhi 
Published: April 2022

Background: In recent years, with the gradual development of robot human-computer interaction, robots need to meet the precise control of more complex motion. Torque sensors play an important role. The traditional strain gauge sensor uses a metal strain gauge as the sensitive element, which means that the sensor has a slow response, low resolution and can easily be affected by external signal noise. Aiming at these deficiencies of strain gauge sensors, a sensor with cutting quartz square sheet as the sensor head is proposed. Methods: In order to study the application of quartz square sensing head in the sensor, firstly, COMSOL (5.6) simulation modeling is used to obtain the stress relationship between square quartz sheet and circular quartz sheet. Then the calculation formula of the force frequency coefficient of the circular quartz sheet is modified to obtain the calculation formula of the force frequency coefficient of the square quartz sheet, and the feasibility of the formula is verified by practical experiments. Next, the theoretical simulation and experimental research on the buckling limit force of quartz wafer are carried out, and the formula of buckling limit force in the process of quartz wafer installation is modified. Finally, the designed sensitive head is installed on the elastomer structure for verification. The frequency signal is collected by SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics 32 with a sampling rate of 1000Hz. Results: The main performances of the sensor are range 150nm, sensitivity 350Hz / nm, linearity 98.14%, hysteresis 0.51%, repeatability 98.44%, resolution 0.02%. Conclusions: As the sensitive unit of the torque sensor, the designed quartz wafer can obtain high response time and high resolution, solve the problems of low resolution and slow response time of the traditional strain gauge torque sensor, and reduce the use cost of the sensor.
Villa sorteerimise ja töötlemise mõju lõnga ja kangaste omadustele Muhu saarel kasvanud maalammaste näitel / Effect of the sorting and processing of wool on the properties of yarn and fabric, on the example of the Estonian Native Sheep grown on Muhu Islan
Authors: Västrik Veinika , Kool Liina 
Published: April 2022

This article gives an overview of our applied research, carried out at the Textile Department of the Pallas University of Applied Sciences, with the objective of finding out how the sorting of the wool of the Estonian Native Sheep grown on Muhu Island affects the properties of the yarn and of the fabric made of this yarn. The research was carried out by participants from the Textile Department of the Pallas University of Applied Sciences, NGO MuhuMaaLammas and the Estonian Native Crafts Department of the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy under the supervision of the lecturer Liina Kool in June 2017— December 2018.
Fleece of Estonian sheep is at present undeservedly under-used. This project was initiated by the NGO MuhuMaaLammas, to meet their need for finding ways of using the wool of an Estonian Native Sheep breed grown on Muhu Island in designing and producing articles made of wool. The research was based on the raw wool shorn off the native sheep grown at Vanaelu farm in Kallaste village on Muhu Island.
Characteristically, the sheep of the native breed have two layers of fleece – the outer and the underlying layers. During our research, we sorted the shorn wool into four groups: 1) lamb’s wool (the age of the animal is up to eight months); 2) wool of fine fibre and regular crimp; 3) wool of thicker fibre and irregular crimp; 4) wool of the coarse, thick and straight outer layer. We examined the structure of fibres of these four types of wool and produced double semi-worsted yarn of all these groups at the wool processing workshop of the UT Viljandi Culture Academy. For comparison, we also had some semi-worsted yarn and carded wool made of the unsorted wool. We used all these types of yarn to weave samples on the loom and with knitting machine. We evaluated the softness of the yarns and fabrics, and the friction resistance and resistance to pilling of the fabric samples.
Based on the results of comparing the six different types of yarn, and of fabrics made of these yarns, we can say that sorting and extracting of the lamb’s wool and the wool shorn from the neck area of sheep is most justified, because in our tests, the fabrics made of the yarn made of these types of wool proved to Effect of the sorting and processing of wool 145 have the best properties. Using of carded wool, made of unsorted wool, gave good results as well: fabric made of such wool proved to be the softest of all fabrics made on looms. We will proceed to next stages of our research in order to encourage designers and small producers to use domestic raw materials more extensively than they do it today.
Keywords: applied research, Estonian native sheep, wool fiber, woollen yarn, semi-worsted yarn, pilling
Lõimeleer: eesti keele ja pärimuskultuuri laager väliseesti lastele / Lõimeleer: A cultural immersion camp for young Estonians living abroad
Authors: Ruiso Heldi 
Published: April 2022

Lõimeleer is a cultural immersion camp for young Estonians aged 10–16 living abroad. Held each summer, it gives them an opportunity to mix with kids of their own age who live in Estonia, to learn handicrafts, such as woodwork, jewelleryand textile making, to play games and musical instruments, to practice singing and dancing, to find out how horses are harnessed, and to learn other quintessential Estonian traditional skills. The main organiser of the event is Lõimeleer(HomeComing) NGO with partners from University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy: both students and alumni of the programmes of leisure time managers and teachers, folk music and Estonian native crafts are involved.
Lõimeleer takes place in and around Tääksi school, Viljandi county. The programme of the camp is related to the major Estonian cultural events each year, such as the Song and Dance Festival, Viljandi Folk festival, etc. One camp shift in 2019 was dedicated to ESTO, a global get-together of diaspora Estonians.
Questions about the rationale of the initiative, the activities carried out in the camp, the feedback they have received, and what their own personal impressions have been were put to Priit-Kalev Parts, the initiator and main organiser of Lõimeleer, and Iti Jantra-Metsamaa, who has worked as a camp counsellor and as head of the camp in 2017 and 2018.
Väärikas teos Eesti pulmatraditsioonidest võõramaalaste pilgu läbi / A good work on the wedding customs of Estonians as seen through the eyes of foreigners
Authors: Jääts Liisi 
Published: April 2022

In 2018 a remarkable book compiled by Ants Hein was published: „Vanaaja pulm. Valitud tekste ja pilte 16. sajandi keskpaigast 19. aastasaja viimase veerandini“ (Weddings of the Bygone Days. Selected Texts and Pictures from the Middle of the 16th Century to the Last Quarter of the 19th Century).
Hein has assembled a decent collection of sources about the wedding customs of the local peasants, produced by foreigners travelling through and residing in the Estonian and Livonian provinces. The authors of the selected texts vary from visitors passing through to priests and private teachers who lived here for decades. The texts are presented in a chronological sequence, with thematic insights into contextualising topics, such as clerical advice to newly-weds from the 17th century, passages on festive foods, music and dances, an essay on sexual relations before marriage, and so on. The information about Estonian wedding customs is presented systematically and the wider social context is taken into account. Every excerpt is accompanied by a compiler’s comment, discussing the writer’s period and reason for visiting Estonia. Altogether approximately 120 diverse sources have been used in the collection.
The outsider’s perspective is evident in the descriptions. Sources in the Estonian language, mostly the results of the great initiative of oral folklore collecting called for by Jakob Hurt, generally cover the period from the mid-19th century, but foreign written sources enable us to extend our ‘national memory’ to more distant periods of time and to a wider array of viewpoints and languages. It is an acknowledged ethnographic truth that in order to notice the most regular everyday details in a culture, one should not be brought up in that culture.
The book is richly illustrated and the pictures form perhaps the most important part of it for a native craft researcher. Although some of the captions may be a bit far-fetched, the book as a whole is a valuable, rich and a praiseworthy contribution to the information that is available on the topic of Estonian weddings. Material has been gathered from the archives of Germany, Russia and Latvia; many documents have been translated into Estonian from German, which used to be widely spoken here, but has lost its importance among present-day Estonians. It is a pleasure and a privilege that such a book has been prepared for us.
Efek Secretome Sel Punca Mesenkimal Terhadap Ekspresi Interleukin 17 Dan Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
Authors: Wulandari Evi Liliek , Nurudhin Arief , Arifin Arifin , Adnan Zainal Arifin 
Published: April 2022

<p><strong>Pendahuluan </strong><strong><br /> </strong><em>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus </em>(SLE) adalah penyakit inflamasi autoimun kronis yang belum jelas penyebabnya dengan gambaran klinis yang luas serta tampilan perjalanan penyakit beragam. Sitokin tertentu seperti IL-17 dan TNFα sangat terkait dengan pathogenesis SLE. Sel punca mensekresikan sejumlah protein (<em>secretome</em>) termasuk <em>growth factor</em>, kemokin, sitokin, metabolit dan lipid bioaktif yang mengatur secara autokrin atau parakrin<br /> sambil merekayasa interaksi dengan lingkungan mikro sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh <em>secretome </em>sel punca mesenkimal terhadap ekspresi Interleukin 17 (IL-17) dan Tumor <em>Necrosis Factor Alpha </em>(TNF-α) pada mencit model lupus.</p><p><strong>Metode Penelitian</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan metode <em>post test only control group design </em>dengan randomisasi, sampel 21 mencit Balb/c betina, dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (injeksi NaCl 0,9% 0,5ml intraperitoneal), pristan (injeksi pristane 0,5ml intraperitoneal) dan pristan+<em>secretome </em>(injeksi pristan 0,5ml + <em>secretome </em>0,45 ml intraperitoneal). Dilakukan pemeriksaan ekspresi IL-17 dan TNF- α jaringan ginjal ketiga<br /> kelompok. Analisa statistik menggunakan SPSS 22 <em>for windows</em>. Uji beda rerata antara kelompok menggunakan uji F Anova bila distribusi data normal dan bila signifikan akan dilanjutkan dengan LSD <em>Post Hoc Test</em>. P bermakna jika p&lt;0,05.</p><p><strong>Hasil Penelitian</strong></p><p>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa didapatkan hasil yang bermakna antara kelompok kontrol, pristan dan pristan+<em>secretome </em>baik pada kadar IL-17 (kontrol 6,9±1,95 ; pristan 9,9±2,27; pristan+<em>secretome </em>6,1±1,95; =0,016), dan TNF-α (kontrol 6,9±1,95; pristan 11,7±3,40; pristan+<em>secretome </em>7,9±2,03; p=0,005).</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan</strong><strong><br /> </strong>Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian <em>secretome </em>sel punca mesenkimal berpengaruh menurunkan ekspresi IL-17 dan TNF- α pada mencit model lupus.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci : Secretome, Interleukin 17, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Lupus</strong></p>
Potensi Padina australis sebagai Marine Drug untuk Aterosklerosis
Authors: Sadvika I Gusti Ayu Stiti , Wulansari Ni Wayan Ari , Suryaningsih Ni Putu Elsinthia , Mahendra Agung Nova 
Published: April 2022

<p><em>Atherosclerosis is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, altered lipid accumulation, inflammation, and foam cells deposition. Fucoxanthin and fucoidan that are contained in Padina australis are known to have potential anti-atherosclerotic effects. This review aims to see the activity and potential of Padina australis as an anti-atherosclerotic marine drug. This literature review article was obtained through a online-based scientific database using terms or phrases relevant to the topic. Fucoxanthin reduces ROS and inhibits production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Meanwhile, fucoidan can regulate the development of atherosclerosis by preventing SMC from forming foam cells, LOX-1 expression, and proinflammatory molecules significantly. A decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and increased HDL-c also shown to be one of the effects of fucoidan in modulating lipid metabolism. Fucoxanthin can increase thermogenesis by increasing PRDM16, UCP-1, and UCP-3 in BAT and decreasing adipocyte size, leptin, and increasing adiponectin in WAT. Fucoidan can lower the cholesterol index, triglycerides, LDL, and increase the expression of PPARγ which can increase lipid metabolism and inhibit hyperlipidemia. In conclusion, Padina australis is potential anti-atherosclerosis agent due to its fucoxanthin and fucoidan exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and modulation of lipid metabolism.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: Padina australis, </em><em>f</em><em>ucoxanthin, </em><em>f</em><em>ucoidan, </em><em>a</em><em>therosclerosis, marine </em><em>d</em><em>rug</em></p>
COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL MELILOTUS OFFICI-NALIS (L.) PALL, GROWING IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Usmanova Nargiza Kudratullaevna , Bobakulov Khayrulla Mamadievich , Karimov Abdurashid Musakhonovich , Sasmakov Sobirjan Anarmatovich , Botirov Erkin Khozhiakbarovich , Asimova Shakhnoza Sadykovna , Abdullayev Nasrulla Dzhalilovich 
Published: April 2022

The component composition of the essential oil (EO) from the air-dry and fresh aerial parts of the plant Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall growing on the territory of the Namangan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan during the flowering period has been studied. The GC-MS method identified 49 compounds in the EO from an air-dry plant, while 22 substances were found in the EO from a fresh plant, which is 98.0% and 99.2% of the total amount of EO, respectively.
The main components of EO, both air-dry and fresh aboveground parts, is coumarin, the content of which is 83.2% and 87.9%, respectively. EOs also contained alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, a small amount of monoterpenes and oxidized monoterpenes, etc. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans was studied.
AJUGA TURKESTANICA ALTERNATIVE SOURCE FOR EKDISTEN PRODUCTION
Authors: Mamatkhanov Akhmatkhon Umarkhanovich , Hajibaev Temurbek Atakhanovich , Khalilov Ravshanjon Muratjanovich 
Published: April 2022

The process of ecdysteron extraction from the aerial part of Ajuga turkestanica was studied. On the basis research results established the following extraction conditions: extractant – 95% ethyl alcohol, the particle size of the raw material is 2–5 mm and the process temperature at 20–30 °C. Proposed fivefold ecdysteron extraction from the aerial part of Ajuga turkestanica. To remove hydrophobic impurities from the concentrated and water-diluted extract, proposed was a sequential treatment with extraction benzine and ethyl acetate. From the purified aqueous solution, ecdysteron is extracted with n-butanol. From a concentrated butanol solution, precipitation is recommended of iridoids from acetone. For chromatographic purification, the simultaneous use of aluminum oxide and silica gel in the ratio of the sum of ecdysteroids – sorbent 1 : 20. The quality as eluent mix selected propanol-2 – chloroform in a volumetric ratio of 1 : 3, and for crystallization a mixture of methanol with ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of 1 : 9. The technology has been developed for obtaining the ecdisten substance from the arial part of Ajuga turkestanica.
A Simple Proof of Dvoretzky-Type Theorem for Hausdorff Dimension in Doubling Spaces
Authors: Mendel Manor 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The ultrametric skeleton theorem [Mendel, Naor 2013] implies, among other things, the following nonlinear Dvoretzky-type theorem for Hausdorff dimension: For any 0 < β < α, any compact metric space X of Hausdorff dimension α contains a subset which is biLipschitz equivalent to an ultrametric and has Hausdorff dimension at least β. In this note we present a simple proof of the ultrametric skeleton theorem in doubling spaces using Bartal’s Ramsey decompositions [Bartal 2021]. The same general approach is also used to answer a question of Zindulka [Zindulka 2020] about the existence of “nearly ultrametric” subsets of compact spaces having full Hausdorff dimension.