bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in new versus those patients with previous history of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy on ipsilateral side
Authors: Iqbal Nadeem , Iqbal Sajid , Zareen Nasir , Blair Keron Akintola Ayodele 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To appraise the effects of previous history of ineffectual extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment on the execution and end result of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
Methods: The study was performed from January 2012 till November 2019 at the urology department at our hospital, a tertiary healthcare center. In total, four hundred and twenty two patients were enrolled in the study. We arranged the study participants into two groups. Group-I comprised of 66 subjects who had undergone failed SWL 12 months prior to PCNL procedure, while Group-II included patients who had no history of previous SWL. Information related to study variables was registered in designated proformas and then processed in SPSS version 16 for the statistical computations.
Results: On the whole, the mean age of patients was 45.25± 14.38 years. While the mean calculus size was 494.80±128.83 mm2. The complexity of stones formulated on the basis of Guy’s stone score was identical among the two groups. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class categories were almost similar among the two groups. Stone free rates of 80.30% and 81.74% (p value=0.73) were observed in Group-I and II respectively. Time to create PCNL tract and mean drop in hemoglobin were noted to be significantly higher in Group-I. Complication rates and grades were not being dissimilar among the two groups.
Conclusion: Patients having prior history of unsuccessful SWL history before undertaking the PCNL procedure manifested similar stone free rates and complications rates as those observed in SWL naive cases of PCNL.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5116
How to cite this:Iqbal N, Iqbal S, Zareen N, Blair KAA. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in new versus those patients with previous history of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy on ipsilateral side. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5116
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Burden of cardiovascular dysfunction and outcome among term newborns having birth asphyxia
Authors: Shakir Waqas , Rehman Abdur , Arshad M Sohail , Fatima Nazia 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To find out the burden of cardiovascular dysfunction and outcome among term newborns having birth asphyxia.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at The Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Multan from August 2020 to March 2021.A total of 171 term newborns having asphyxia were enrolled. Detailed history along with clinical and physical examination were done at the time of admission at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). All neonates were followed up for duration of 14 days following birth. Echocardiographic patterns as well as electrocardiography grading were described among neonates with cardiovascular abnormalities.
Results: Out of a total of 171 neonates, there were 94 (55.0%) male and 77 (45.0%) female. Lowe segment cesarean section was the mode of delivery in 72 (42.1%) while normal vaginal delivery was noted in 99 (57.9%). Mean gestational age was noted to be 38.3±1.8 weeks. Mean birth weight was calculated to be 2574.10±122.30 grams. Cardiovascular dysfunction was noted among 60 (35.1%) neonates as exhibited by the use of inotropes while abnormal ECHO was observed in 52 (30.4%), abnormal ECG in 27 (15.8%) and elevated CK-MB in 31 (18.1%). A total of 29 (17.0%) asphyxiated neonates died while among 60 asphyxiated neonates with cardiovascular dysfunction, 23 (38.3%) died and all remaining survived and discharged (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Cardiovascular dysfunction among asphyxiated neonates was found to be in high proportion of cases. Cardiovascular dysfunction was noted to have significant association with poor outcome.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5160
How to cite this:Shakir W, Abdur-Rehman, Arshad MS, Fatima N. Burden of cardiovascular dysfunction and outcome among term newborns having birth asphyxia. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5160
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preparedness of Medical Graduates to serve in clinical settings independently: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Ayub Ayesha , Choudry Zafar Ali , Ehsan Badar Sumera 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To assess the preparedness of fresh medical graduates to perform the duties of an effective house officer in clinical settings independently.
Methods: A qualitative exploratory descriptive study was conducted at a public sector tertiary care teaching hospital from September to October, 2021. A total of 14 interviews of the serving house officers were conducted (7 were from Medicine and Allied and seven were from Surgical and Allied). A verbatim Thematic analysis was done.
Results: Initial analysis revealed 45 codes which were ultimately reduced to five main themes namely 1. Transition from studentship to house officers with sub-themes (1a) Sense of responsibility, (1b) Hectic and long duty hours, (1c) Proper orientation and guidance, 2. Deficient skill Training during educational journey with, (2a) Deficiency of practical and applied aspects, (2b) inconsistent and varying training patterns, (2c) self-perception and evaluation of preparedness, 3. Lack of awareness about Hospital settings and working system with sub-themes (3a) Support from other doctors, (3b) Being recognized as a doctor in hospital, 4. Inter-professional co-ordination gaps having sub-themes (4a) Communication gap, (4b) Mutual respect as a team and 5. Impact of COVID-19 with sub-theme (5a) Online teaching with no interaction and (5b) segue and progressive skill training.
Conclusion: Medical graduates are not confident and well prepared to take the responsibility of patient care independently in clinical settings. Reforms in undergraduate curricula regarding skill training, hospital setup and workings and inter-professional education are advocated by young doctors to enhance their competencies for professional life.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5517
How to cite this:Choudry ZA, Ayub A, Badar SE. Preparedness of Medical Graduates to serve in clinical settings independently: An exploratory qualitative study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5517
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The effect of platelet rich plasma combined with celecoxib on knee function and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Nie Mingjun , Zhao Jianzhong , Zhang Guangcheng , Tang Jiazhu , Zhu Wei , Zhang Qing 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To analyze the immediate effect of platelet rich plasma, combined with celecoxib, on knee function and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Methods: The clinical data of 86 patients with knee osteoarthritis, treated in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021, were analyzed retrospectively. According to the treatment records, patients were divided into a control group (n = 43, celecoxib) and a treatment group (n = 43, platelet rich plasma + celecoxib). The knee function, pain and clinical effect in the two groups were compared and analyzed using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and the visual analog scale (VAS).
Results: The treatment group had a higher HSS score, and a lower VAS score compared to the control group (P<0.05). The clinical efficacy in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (95.35% and 72.09% respectively, P<0.05).
Conclusions: Platelet rich plasma combined with celecoxib can promote the recovery of knee function and reduce pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This treatment combination also has a high immediate clinical effectiveness but needs further evaluation to find out the long term effects.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5558
How to cite this:Nie M, Zhao J, Zhang G, Tang J, Zhu W, Zhang Q. The effect of platelet rich plasma combined with celecoxib on knee function and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5558
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Usage of artificial intelligence and virtual reality in medical studies
Authors: Usmani Ambreen , Imran Manal , Javaid Quratulain 
Published: March 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5910
How to cite this:Usmani A, Imran M, Javaid Q. Usage of artificial intelligence and virtual reality in medical studies. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):777-779. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5910
Seaweeds’ pigments and phenolic compounds with antimicrobial potential
Authors: Gomes Louisa , Monteiro Pedro , Cotas João , Gonçalves Ana M. M. , Fernandes Chantal , Gonçalves Teresa , Pereira Leonel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recently, there has been increased interest in the development of novel antimicrobial compounds for utilization in a variety of sectors, including pharmaceutical, biomedical, textile, and food. The use, overuse, and misuse of synthetic compounds or derivatives have led to an increase of pathogenic microorganisms gaining resistance to the traditional antimicrobial therapies, which has led to an increased need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Seaweed are marine organisms that can be cultivated sustainably, and they are a source of polar molecules, such as pigments and phenolic compounds, which demonstrated antimicrobial potential. This review focuses on current knowledge about pigments and phenolic compounds isolated from seaweeds, their chemical characteristics, antimicrobial bioactivity, and corresponding mechanism of action.
Gamma-induced mutants of Bacillus and Streptomyces display enhanced antagonistic activities and suppression of the root rot and wilt diseases in pulses
Authors: Manikandan Ariyan , Johnson Iruthayasamy , Jaivel Nanjundan , Krishnamoorthy Ramasamy , SenthilKumar Murugaiyan , Raghu Rajasekaran , Gopal Nellaiappan Olaganathan , Mukherjee Prasun K. , Anandham Rangasamy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aims to increase Bacillus and Streptomyces antagonistic activity against the root rot and wilt diseases of pulses caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. udum, respectively. To increase antagonistic action, Bacillus subtilis BRBac4, Bacillus siamensis BRBac21, and Streptomyces cavourensis BRAcB10 were subjected to random mutagenesis using varying doses of gamma irradiation (0.5–3.0 kGy). Following the irradiation, 250 bacterial colonies were chosen at random for each antagonistic strain and their effects against pathogens were evaluated in a plate assay. The ERIC, BOX, and random amplified polymorphic studies demonstrated a clear distinction between mutant and wild-type strains. When mutants were compared to wild-type strains, they showed improved plant growth-promoting characteristics and hydrolytic enzyme activity. The disease suppression potential of the selected mutants, B. subtilis BRBac4-M6, B. siamensisi BRBac21-M10, and S. cavourensis BRAcB10-M2, was tested in green gram, black gram, and red gram. The combined inoculation of B. siamensis BRBac21-M10 and S. cavourensis BRAcB10-M2 reduced the incidence of root rot and wilt disease. The same treatment also increased the activity of the defensive enzymes peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. These findings suggested that gamma-induced mutation can be exploited effectively to improve the biocontrol characteristics of Bacillus and Streptomyces. Following the field testing, a combined bio-formulation of these two bacteria may be utilised to address wilt and root-rot pathogens in pulses.
A surrogate Bayesian framework for a SARS-CoV-2 data driven stochastic model
Authors: Ganesh M. , Hawkins S. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dynamic compartmentalized data (DCD) and compartmentalized differential equations (CDEs) are key instruments for modeling transmission of pathogens such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We describe an effi-cient nowcasting algorithm for modeling transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with uncertainty quantification for the COVID-19 impact. A key concern for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is under-reporting of cases, and this is addressed in our data-driven model by providing an estimate for the detection rate. Our novel top-down model is based on CDEs with stochastic constitutive parameters obtained from the DCD using Bayesian inference. We demonstrate the robustness of our algorithm for simulation studies using synthetic DCD, and nowcasting COVID-19 using real DCD from several regions across five continents.
Thermal Analysis of PE Extended Chain Crystal of PE Extended Chain Crystal from Gel Spinning
Authors: Zhang A. , Lu P. , Yang N. , Wu Z. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
It has been recognized that ultra-high strength and high modulus ultra-highly drawn Polyethylene (PE) fiber is produced from the formation of extended chain crystal. Nevertheless, whether extended chain crystal exists in gel spinning ultra-highly drawn PE fiber is still an unsettled question. In this work, decalin was adopted as a solvent for PE gel spinning. By means of thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction methods etc, the existence of extended chain crystal was explored. Reasons for confusion in previous studies of this problem were discussed.
In PE fiber from 3 wt-°/o dope, extended chain crystal starts to form during draw ratios over 20. When draw ratio equals 42, the content of extended chain crystal roughly equals that of folded chain crystal. The melting point of extended chain crystal is 6°C higher than that of folded chain crystal. They are 145.5° C and 150° C to 152.5° C respectively. The latter would slightly rise with arise of draw ratio.
Multi-crystallization behavior of annealed PE fiber was determined and discussed. It was also confirmed that there is a linear logarithm relationship between thermal shrinkage (internal stresses) and fiber moduli.
Mill Processability, Rheology and Structure Differences of Polyacrylate Elastomers
Authors: Nakajima N. , Miller R. A. , Harrel E. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two commercial polyacrylate elastomers, one having epoxide (EP) crosslinking sites and the other ethylidene norbornene (ENB) were selected. It was demonstrated that the former was more difficult to mill-process than the latter. The viscoelastic properties measured at very small strain in shear oscillation indicated that the ENB polymer was more branched than the EP polymer. The gel determination by filteration confirmed this. The tensile stress-strain measurements were conducted at four different deformation rates. These data were treated according to the strain-time correspondence principle to see if this principle applies to the data of these samples. The data of EP polymer did not form a master curve, thus, the above principle is not applicable; at the larger deformation the strain-hardening tendencies were observed. This indicates that the EP polymer has a rather extensive long branching, a type of which usually results from a chain transfer reaction.
The data of the ENB polymer, on the other hand, form a master-curve; that is, the strain-time correspondence principle is applicable, in spite of the presence of the large amount of gel. This means that the gel in the ENB polymer is microgel. The micro-gel in this case is polymer-latex particle, crosslinked during emulsion polymerization with a difunctional comonomer.
Thus, in this work polymer rheology was effectively used to find a major difference in the polymer chain structure. In this way it was shown that the results of polymerization may be related to mill processability.
Simulation of Tubular Film Extrusion of Polymer Melts
Authors: Yamane H. , White J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A model of the tubular film process is presented which includes power law non-linear rheological behaviour with temperature and crystallinity dependent properties. The heat transfer modelling uses an experimental correlation for the heat transfer coefficient. It is shown that except at low activation energies of viscous flow, the power law exponents have little influence on bubble shape. For activation energies of viscous flow of 11 kcal/mol and more, the temperature dependence of rheological properties dominates bubble shapes at fixed drawdown ratios, blowup ratios and frostline heights. Low activation energies of viscous flow produced wine glass shaped bubbles, while high activation energies cause rapid increases in bubble radius after the die exit.
Laminar Mixing in Corotating Disk Processors
Authors: David B. , Tadmor Z. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative studies of laminar mixing in a corotating disk processor chamber were carried out experimentally and theoretically. Theoretical study of the flow field in a parallel chamber indicates the presence of an orthogonal circulation flow pattern with a double circulation pattern at constant radii. A color tracer was used for studying experimentally the laminar mixing. The experiments verified the theoretically predicted flow fields and showed that the two orthogonal flow patterns bring about a composition randomization throughout the volume. Quantitative measurement of interfacial area evolution helped in characterizing the laminar mixing behaviour of such a configuration.
Experimental Study on Factors Influencing Throughput Rate and Process of Polymer-Mineral Filler Mixing in a Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Ishibashi J. , Kikutani T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental study of mixing polymer (polypropylene, PP) with mineral filler (Talc) by both simultaneous and separate feed system in a twin screw extruder was described. In this study, melt flow rate (MFR) of PP, talc particle size and talc mixing ratio to PP were selected as parameters of interest. It was found that these parameters had influences on the maximum throughput rate of mixture. In the cases of constant talc particle size and mixing ratio while MFR of PP was varied from 1.8 to 33, it was observed that throughput rates of all mixtures with different MFR values increased as a function of screw speeds. Throughput rates of the mixture of lower MFR PP (MFR = 1.8) were slightly lower than those of the higher MFR mixture (MFR = 10, 33) for both simultaneous and separate feed systems. With regard to effects of talc particle size, compounds having fixed talc mixing ratio showed lower throughput rates when talc particle size was smaller. In the case where talc mixing ratio was varied, compounds with fixed MFR of PP and talc particle size showed lower throughput rates when talc mixing ratio was larger. The mixing state in the mixing zone was also observed. Based on the overall findings, the mechanisms of filler mixing were clearly understood. The observed mixing patterns were similar for both simultaneous and separate feed systems. It was found that the elimination of the air accompanying the filler when the filled polymer mixture passed down the extruder is important for mixing. Through the experimental observations, the schematic diagram, the model and the flow chart of the proper filler mixing process were proposed.
Listener engagement: the missing link in research on accented speech
Authors: Lee Bradford J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reverse linguistic stereotyping (RLS) is a process whereby a speaker’s perceived group membership triggers differential perception of aspects of their speech. RLS has been suggested to cause drops in intelligibility and recall, though why perception of a non-existent accent can negatively affect listening outcomes has not been sufficiently elucidated. The current study suggests an explanation may lie in differential levels of engagement among listeners. A sample of 430 Japanese university students listened to a short speech from either a speaker of Chinese Pronunciation of English or Received Pronunciation and rated them on aesthetics, comprehensibility, perceived intelligibility, engagement, and recall. Multiple linear regression suggested that only engagement served as a significant predictor to recall, though the other variables all had significant indirect effects when engagement was included as a mediating variable. These results indicated that listener engagement is a key variable which may help improve our understanding of accented speech perception.
Dynamic evaluation of college English writing ability based on AI technology
Authors: Wu Xuezhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To accurately evaluate and improve college students’ English writing ability, this article proposes a dynamic evaluation method of college English writing ability based on artificial intelligence technology. First, a dynamic evaluation model of college English writing ability is constructed. Second, the index system of English writing dynamic evaluation model is established. Based on this, the dynamic evaluation of college English writing ability is realized. The experimental results show that the design method in this paper can effectively realize the dynamic evaluation of the writing process. After the application of the design method, the number of students interested in writing has increased by 37.8%, and the enthusiasm of students to participate in writing has been improved, with a view to providing some help to improve students’ English writing ability through this research.
Automatic recognition method of installation errors of metallurgical machinery parts based on neural network
Authors: Cui Hailong , Zhan Bo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The installation error of metallurgical machinery parts is one of the common sources of errors in mechanical equipment. Because the installation error of different parts has different influences on different mechanical equipment, a simple linear formula cannot be used to identify the installation error. In the past, the manual recognition method and the touch recognition method lack of error information analysis, which leads to inaccurate recognition results. To improve the problem, an automatic recognition method based on the neural network for metallurgical machinery parts installation error is proposed. According to the principle of automatic recognition of installation error based on the neural network, the nonlinear relation matrix between layers of the neural network is established. The operating state parameters of mechanical equipment are calculated, and the time series of the parameters are divided into several segments averagely. Based on the recognition algorithm, the inspection steps of depth, perpendicularity and center position of reserved hole, base board construction, short-circuit motor line and terminal installation, center mark board, and reference point installation are designed. The experimental results show that the recall rate of the proposed method is 97.66%, and the maximum absolute deviation is 0.09. The experimental data verify the feasibility of the proposed method.