bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with Late-Stage Diagnosis of Breast Cancer among Egyptian Women
Authors: Ismail Horeya M. , Mokhtar Samiha , El-Mansy Hazem 
Published: March 2022

Background Detecting Breast Cancer (BC) at earlier stages comes with a better prognosis, while diagnosis at late stages has poor outcomes and escalating mortality rates from the disease. The study aims to understand the factors associated with the late-stage diagnosis of BC in Egypt. Design and Methods A sample of 400 women with a pathologically confirmed BC were enrolled from one of the main tertiary cancer hospitals in Egypt. A cross-sectional study design was conducted. The collected data included: clinical characteristics of the tumor, socio-demographic characteristics of the studied women, reproductive and medical history, screening practices, and the time from symptom onset to definite diagnosis as suspected predictors to the stage of BC at diagnosis. Data was analyzed by crude odds ratios (95% confidence interval) and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The study revealed that 47.5% were diagnosed at late stages (40% at stage III/ 7.5% at stage IV), while (52.5%) were diagnosed at early stages (6.5% at stage I/46% at stage II). A binary logistic regression model showed that unmarried females (p=0.012), had non-luminal molecular subtype of BC including HER2 enriched and triple-negative tumors (p<0.001), presentation with breast changes and a non-palpable lump (p=0.024) or non-breast symptoms (P=0.002), a delay longer than 3 months to the first presentation by patients (p<0.001), and a delay to definite diagnosis longer than 1 month by providers (p<0.001) were significant risk factors of late-stage diagnosis of BC. Conclusions Late-stage diagnosis of BC in Egypt is associated with the aggressiveness of some molecular subtypes and other important modifiable factors that should be addressed.
Study on the Quality of Life among Cancer Survivors Attending a Tertiary Care Cancer Center in Malaysia
Authors: Marzo Roy Rillera , Bhattacharya Sudip , Aye Soe Soe , Tripathi Shailesh , Naing Thein Win , Soe Maung Maung , Kyaw Ye Wint , Packiam Cyril Deeben A.L. Richard , Ping Donnington Chai Ping , Zolpakar Puteri Maisarah Binti , Selvakumar Vethashini A.P. , Ali Saidatur Raihan Binti Abdul , Hasrudin Auni Fajriyah Binti , Sutikno Joshua 
Published: March 2022

Background Cancer is a major public health problem across the globe. According to the Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report (MNCR), between 2007 and 2011, there has been a greater increase in the number of reported cancer cases among females (99.3 per 100,000 people) than males (86.9 cases per 100,000 people). Nearly 15 million new cancer cases were projected by 2020. We conducted this study to assess the quality of life (QoL) among cancer patients. Design and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the oncology department of Malaysian hospitals from October to November 2019. The study population comprised Malaysians in the age range of18 to 100 years diagnosed with cancer, irrespective of their treatment status, cancer type and prognosis. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used in seventy cancer patients' using a convenient sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey after obtaining permission from the hospital administrators. Data were entered in MS Excel and analysis was done using the SPSS-version 23. Participants' socio-demographic characteristics were described using descriptive statistics. Results are presented using graphs, tables, mean, percentages, standard deviation, frequency, and significance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to find out the association between socio-demographic variables and overall QoL scores of the patients. Results Of the seventycancer patients, 29 (41.43%) were males and 41 (58.57%) were females. The most affected socio-demographic factors were marital status and occupation (employment). It was found that there were 55 (78.57%) married patients and 49 (70%) employed patients. QoL of most of the patients was influenced by the education level and treatment. It was found that 35 (50%) of them had low QoL scores. It was observed that QoL among the study participants was significantly (p<0.05) associated with their level of education and the level of treatment. Conclusions There is a need to develop measures for community education, involvement of family physicians for the treatment of cancer and to increase awareness to improve the QoL among cancer patients. The focus should be on the development of strategies empowering patients to seek treatment and gain control over their illness with the collaboration with primary care physicians.
Insecticide susceptibility status of malaria vectors in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Ojha VP , Dhiman Ramesh C 
Published: March 2022

Background & objectives: The state of Himachal Pradesh is one of the hilly forested states of India. Warming of climate has been evidenced in the state due to the ongoing climate change which may cause the upsurge/introduction of mosquito-borne diseases. To curb disease transmission, an effective vector control strategy will be required.

Methods: Insecticide susceptibility status of available malaria vectors was determined using the standard WHO method in six districts Kangra, Una, Mandi, Bilaspur, Solan and Mandi of the state. An. culicifacies and An. fluviatilis were tested against DDT (4%), malathion (5%) and deltamethrin (0.05%) using WHO insecticide susceptibility kits.

Results: Overall, An. culicifacies was found resistant to DDT in all the six districts, susceptible to malathion in all districts except Bilaspur and Solan where it showed possible resistance. It was susceptible to deltamethrin in all the study districts. An. fluviatilis was resistant to DDT and susceptible to malathion and deltamethrin in Kangra and Una districts.

Interpretation & conclusion: At present, indoor residual spraying (IRS) is not being undertaken in Himachal Pradesh.
However, with the information generated through the present study, the state government can plan evidence-based IRS at least for focal spray in limited foci reporting malaria incidence.
Update on techniques for cryopreservation of human spermatozoa
Authors: Huang Chuan , Tang Yu-Lin , Hu Jian-Ling , Zhou Wen-Jun , Huang Zeng-Hui , Luo Xue-Feng , Li Zheng , Zhu Wen-Bing 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
In the 1960s, sperm cryopreservation was developed as a method to preserve fertility. Currently, techniques for the cryopreservation of human spermatozoa have been widely used in assisted reproduction. However, although sperm cryobiology has made notable achievements, the optimal method for the recovery of viable spermatozoa after cryopreservation remains elusive. Postthawing sperm quality can be affected by cryoprotectants, ice formation, storage conditions, and osmotic stress during the freezing process. This review discusses recent advances in different cryopreservation techniques, cryoprotectants, and freezing and thawing methods during cryopreservation and new indications for the use of cryopreserved spermatozoa.
Relationship between dental anxiety with dental caries and periodontal disease among army recruits in Bangalore city - A cross sectional study
Authors: Bhat Padma K , Shekar Manish , Jayachandra M Y 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Dental anxiety can affect the dental health status of an individual leading to avoidance behavior, poor oral hygiene and periodontal health and delay in seeking necessary treatment.

Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental anxiety in army recruits in Bangalore city and to explore the relationship of dental anxiety with dental caries and periodontal disease among army recruits in Bangalore city.

Methodology:
The total population of the army recruits in Army Service Corps Center and College was around 1000. General information included name, age, sex educational qualification, address, number of dental visits and age of first visit. The closed ended multiple-choice questionnaire consisting of 4 questions based on previous dental experience given by Corah was used to assess the anxiety level of the individual. Clinical examination of dental and periodontal health was noted using Decayed, Missing, Filled and Surface (DMFS) Index and Community Periodontal Index and Treatment Needs (CPITN) Index.

Results:
The mean Dental Anxiety Scale score was 9.64 with a standard deviation of 3.6. Of the 836 participants in the study, 444 (53.1%) reported no dental anxiety at all. Two hundred and sixty-three (31.5%) were moderately dental anxious (scoring 9–12), 10.4% were highly anxious (scoring 13–14) and 5% were severely anxious (scoring 15–20). Anxious individuals had poorer periodontal health necessitating treatment compared to nonanxious individuals. The mean DMFS of the study population was highest among those having high and severe dental anxiety (mean DMFS = 11.0 and 12.59, respectively) which was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The present study showed a prevalence of dental anxiety of 47%. Impact of dental anxiety on oral health was found to be obvious as higher DMFT/DMFS was evident among dentally anxious subjects; dental anxiety also showed a strong association with higher CPITN scores.
Role of nano curcumin on superoxide dismutase levels in leukoplakia
Authors: Deb Sunanda , Bhargava Deepak , Bansal Puja , Kanuru Vijay 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Oral leukoplakia has an estimated prevalence of 2% of the oral cavity, one of the risk factors for oral cancers. The most commonly linked etiology being tobacco smoking causing reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced DNA damage. Curcumin, a polyphenol derivative from herbal remedy, possesses diverse properties ranging from centuries old documented anti-inflammatory properties to recently documented anticancer properties.

Aims:
Role of nano curcumin on superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in leukoplakia patients’ pre- and post-treatment

Materials and Methods:
The study group comprised thirty test subjects. Single capsule of 250 mg (Brecan Plus) was given to the test group for 30 days with weekly follow-up. Blood samples were taken from the test group and were evaluated for SOD levels before and after the completion of the trial.

Results:
In the study, there was a decrease in size of the lesion, number of lesions, down staging of the disease, and increase in serum SOD levels after the therapy. Binary logistic retrogression analysis was done to assess the predictive ability of serum SOD-dependent variable, and a positive association was noted between increase in serum SOD level and down staging of the disease.

Conclusion:
Nano curcumin is an excellent medical nutrition intervention derived from traditional natural products. The study has demonstrated the clinical efficacy of these new classes of therapeutic nutraceuticals such as nanocurcumin in treating oral leukoplakia, which are suitable for long-term use.
Comparison of blood parameters between periodontitis patients and healthy participants
Authors: Bhattacharya Hirak S , Srivastava Rishabh , Gummaluri Shiva Shankar , Agarwal Manvi Chandra , Bhattacharya Preeti , Astekar Madhusudan S 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Bacteria and their products involved in periodontitis evoke an immunoinflammatory response in the host tissue. Inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis, are often not just a local event, but may have systemic ramifications, including elevations in the numbers of circulating leukocytes, acute-phase proteins and oxidative stress markers. It is now emerging that also erythrocytes are affected by chronic inflammatory diseases. This phenomenon, named “anemia of inflammation,” is not caused by marrow deficiencies or other diseases. The present study aimed to assess whether there was any relation between chronic periodontitis and hematological parameters.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 80 patients were included in the study and were divided into the healthy and periodontitis groups. Blood sample was obtained from each participant for hematological analysis of leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, red blood cell (RBC) distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelet count and neutrophil–leukocyte ratio (NLR). Further, the values were gathered and subjected to statistical analysis. Unpaired t-test was performed to assess the statistical significance between the groups and P < 0.05 and < 0.001 were considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
Results show statistically significant difference seen in leukocytes, lymphocytes, RDW, MCV, platelet count and NLR which was higher in patients with periodontitis, all other parameters are nonsignificant.

Conclusion:
Thus, within limitations, it can be concluded that increased levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, RDW, MCV, platelet count and NLR depict the inflammatory state and destructive nature of periodontitis.
Perspective of nuclear fractal dimension in diagnosis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rahman Juber , Panda Swagatika , Panigrahi Santisudha , Mohanty Neeta , Swarnkar Tripti , Mishra Umashankar 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Owing to the restricted predictive value of conventional prognostic factors and the inconsistent treatment strategies, several oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients are still over-treated or under-treated. In recent years, computer-assisted nuclear fractal dimension (nFD) has emerged as an objective approach to predict the outcome of OSCC.

Objective:
This study is an attempt to find out the differences in nFD values of epithelial cells of normal tissue, fibroepithelial hyperplasia, verrucous carcinoma, and OSCC. Further effort to evaluate the predictive potential of nFD of tumor cells for cervical lymph node metastasis (cLNM) was also assessed.

Methodology:
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of OSCC tissues of patients treated with neck dissection were collected. Photomicrographs of H-&E-stained sections were subjected to the image analysis by ImageJ and Python programming to calculate nFD. The association of categorical variables with nFD was studied using cross-tabulation procedure and the Fisher exact test. Receiver operating curve analysis was performed to find out cutoff value of nFD. A logistic regression model was developed to test the individual and combined predictive potential of grading and nFD for cLNM.

Results:
A significant difference between the mean nFD of healthy cells and malignant epithelial cells was observed (P = 0.01). nFD was not found to be an independent predictor of cLNM, although nFD and grading together demonstrated significant predictive potential (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:
nFD combined with grading can predict lymph node metastasis in OSCC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind.
Orthokeratinized versus parakeratinized odontogenic keratocyst
Authors: Ravi Jyoti , Wadhwan Vijay , Gotur Suhasini Palakshappa 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is quite unique among odontogenic cysts in its specific histological features and in clinical characteristics. The OKC has two variants orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) and parakeratinized odontogenic cyst (POC), and POC is considered to be more aggressive and has a high recurrence rate. Therefore, OKC has generated considerable controversy with regard to its true nature.

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between POC and OOC variants of odontogenic cysts on the basis of clinical as well as radiological features.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 85 cases were included in the present study. There was a marked difference in the age of occurrence, sex, location and radiological presentation of both these entities.

Results:
Our institutional experience suggests that POC is more common than OOC and both the variants were commonly found in males. Most of the cases of POC were found in the third decade of life and most of the cases of OOC were frequently seen in the second, fourth and fifth decades. Mandibular posterior area was frequently occurring in both variants. Left side involvement was seen in maxilla and right side in mandible in both variants. Most of the cases were clinically diagnosed as OKC.

Conclusion:
The treatment and prognosis varies in both the variants of OKC, hence such epidemiological studies are helpful to ensure proper treatment for these distinct entities.
Assessment of knowledge and awareness of forensic odontology among dentists in Tamil Nadu – A systematic review
Authors: Dineshkumar T , Rekha M 
Published: March 2022

Aim:
The aim of the study is to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practice of forensic odontology among dental practitioners in Tamil Nadu.

Materials and Methods:
Forensic odontology has immense importance in examining dental evidence and in the identification of victims of mass disaster, abuse or organized crimes. Hence, a cross-sectional survey study was conducted in a sample of 252 dental practitioners practicing in various cities in Tamil Nadu. A questionnaire comprising 22 questions (both open ended and close ended) was prepared, and the survey was conducted to analyze the knowledge and attitude of dentists toward forensic odontology.

Results:
Many of the practicing dentists had a basic knowledge about forensic odontology, but only 22% knew about the existence of a national association for forensic odontology. Forty-five percent of them knew about cheiloscopy. Seven percent of them only knew about the forensic courses available in India. Ninety-eight percent of them did not have any formal training related to forensic odontology. Seventy-two percent of them were not confident about giving an opinion for a forensic case. Most of them felt that our country has very limited resources for forensic odontology.

Conclusion:
This study showed that the branch of forensic odontology is still in the infant stage in the state. This condition, however, could be improved if more formal training courses are conducted by the specialist associations imparting knowledge and training in the field.
Relationship between ABO blood group and Rh factor with oral potentially malignant disorder
Authors: Mahalakshmi I P , Sinha Pooja , Nagaraj Tejavathi , Okade Durga , Nonitha S , Veerabasaivaiah Bhavana T 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Oral cancer is the most life threatening of all oral diseases. It has a prolonged natural history with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) as the precursor. Recognition and diagnosis of OPMD will help in early treatment, patient survival and in reducing morbidity related to treatment of oral cancer. OPMDs has multifactorial etiologies and is significantly associated with risk factors of the individual's lifestyle, particularly, chronic use of tobacco, spicy food, alcohol and smoking. Genetic factors also play an important role in the etiology of OPMDs. It is proven by many studies like Dermatoglyphics, Salivary miRNA, micronuclei in buccal mucosa etc., one of such kind is ABO blood group and Rh factor. OBJECTIVE: Aim of our study is to evaluate if any of the ABO blood group and Rh factor is associated with an increased risk for OPMDs.

Methodology:
A cross sectional study was conducted in Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences included 55 patients with clinical and histopathologically proven OPMD's. Blood grouping was determined for all the patients using standardised agglutination method.

Result:
This study showed that people with blood group B+ are 1.46 times at a greater risk to develop OPMDs.

Conclusion:
Our study concludes that subjects with B+ blood group and habit of tobacco chewing and smoking are at higher risk to develop OPMDs than subjects with other blood groups.
Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Nasreen Shahida , Hussain Shaiba , Andleeb Asifa , Manzoor Arshad , Fatima Kaneez , Sofi Mushtaq Ahmad 
Published: March 2022

Aims:
Esophageal carcinoma is a common gastrointestinal malignancy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the time trends over 20 years and observe how they differ from the West.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted at SKIMS Regional Cancer Centre in Radiation Oncology Department. This was a retrospective study. Retrospective analysis was carried out from records available at the Regional Cancer Center from 1993 to 2013. The case records of 2090 patients with histological proven squamous and adenocarcinoma (AC) of the esophagus were studied in terms of age, sex, risk factors, and mode of presentation.

Results:
Data of 2190 patients with esophageal cancer were retrieved. Out of 2190 patients, group A included 1060 and group B had 1130 patients. The mean age at presentation was 59 years in both groups. Five hundred and thirty-eight (56.4%) were male and 477 (43.6%) were females in group A, whereas in group B, 615 were male and 515 were female. Most of the patients presented with dysphagia 2139 (97.67%). In group A, 1030 (97.16%) presented with dysphagia, whereas 1090 (96.46%) presented with dysphagia in group B. Most of the patients had lesion in middle 3rd of esophagus, 849 (80%) in group A whereas 903 (79.9%) in group B. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histology in both groups, 1010 (95.2%) in group A whereas 1060 (93.8%) in group B. Most common appearance was proliferative (37.7% in group A and 37.6% in group B). Most of the patients were salt tea takers in both groups (98.11% in group A and 97.34% in group B).

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that esophageal cancer occurs a decade earlier in India. It affects males more than females. SCC is still the most common histological subtype and is way ahead of AC. The mid esophagus is still the most common site. There is no evidence of an increase in the rate of lower esophageal malignancy in our study as opposed to western literature.
The Public Awareness of Protruding Ears and Its Management in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldosari Badi , Khan Mohammed , Alkarzae Mohammed , Alzubaidi Atheer Abdulaziz , Abdulkarim Johara , Alsharif Bayan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Protruding ears are a well-known auricular deformity characterized by dominant autosomal inheritance A corrective surgery for protruding ears was developed with positive postoperative outcome. Currently, there has been no research conducted in Saudi Arabia to assess the public's awareness of protruding ears and its management.

Materials and Methods:
This observational cross-sectional study of 1002 participants distributed through electronic questionnaire in the Arabic language. By taking advantage of social media, the study represents the population in different regions. It was used to estimate the awareness of protruding ears among the public in Saudi Arabia.

Results:
42.7% of the participants were aware of protruding ears. The most common sources of awareness were the Internet (37.4%), social media (33.2%), and brochures/scientific journals (17.6%). Awareness about protruding ears was observed more among participants working in a medical field than those working in a nonmedical field (58.9% vs. 34.6%, P < 0.001). Most of the participants who were aware of the protruding ears (70.6%) were aware of the cosmetic surgery option to repair protruding ears. The Internet (41.3%) and social media (37.1%) were the most reported sources of hearing about cosmetic surgery for repair of protruding ears. The majority of who had heard of the cosmetic surgery were working in the medical field (82.3%).

Conclusions:
Our study is the first to demonstrate the public awareness about protruding ears and its management. The results showed that there is a lack of awareness about the disorder and its management in Saudi Arabia. We recommend increasing the efforts to raise the awareness in the population.