bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Natural Lighting Conditions from the Perspective of Biophilic Design in Indoor Office Environments
Authors: Karaman Gulsah Dogan , Avci Ayse Nihan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The term “biophilic design” is recognized by some designers who coined a word for designing instinctively using fresh understandings, reasons, and views, which helps reconnect us with the natural world in the indoor environment. Within the various patterns that connect humans with nature, natural lighting provides an orientation to the day and night according to the sun’s location and cycles, which is essential for human health and wellness. The supply and quality of natural lighting, including its influence on mood, have been extensively investigated and written about for many years in various locations and the overlapping science and design disciplines. This paper analyzes the biophilic design approach to mood for the natural lighting conditions that change according to the position of the office environments in winter. The selected two indoor office environments were located in the Faculty of Architecture at Çankaya University on Main Campus, on the second floor of the building. Office-1 overlooked the design studio, preventing it from taking natural lighting directly, and Office-2 directly penetrated the natural lighting. Natural lighting-based photos were taken from the selected offices during three periods of the day. The photos and a survey were directed at the two groups: Group 1 consisted of the students who took the Natural and Artificial Lighting Course, and Group 2 students who did not take this course. The experimental instruments analyzed their moods to evaluate natural lighting conditions.
Shining Light on Colors: Using a Puzzle Game to Teach Additive Color Theory
Authors: Perednytė Dovilė , Flig Katarzyna Ewa , Garðarsson Kristinn Bragi , Rasmussen Malte Elkær , Munk Sara , Čeponis Simonas , Fog Henrik Schønau 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Game-based learning is rapidly transforming the educational landscape by providing engaging supplementary tools to students around the world. A problem area where game-based learning has not been empirically studied is the subject of additive color theory. Can a puzzle video game increase players’ knowledge of additive color theory? This paper describes how a puzzle game can be designed in order to teach this topic. The puzzle game prototype Temple of Starlight was developed, and an evaluation of its effectiveness at teaching was performed. The evaluation was done online following a within-subjects study design, where the participants answered questions about additive color theory before, immediately after, and a week after playing through the game prototype. Two analyses were performed: first one comparing the amount of correct answers from before playing the game and right after playing; and the second one comparing answers from before playing and a week after playing. Results showed a significant increase in knowledge of additive color theory, both right after (N = 37, p = <.001) and a week after (N = 30, p = <.001) playing through the game prototype. This suggests that the game prototype could be used as valuable supplementary material for teaching additive color theory in learning environments.
Envisioning Community Engagement in Smart Lighting Design
Authors: Schwendinger Leni , Ross Philip R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Smart Lighting is widely viewed as a means to reduce energy use, streamline city services and lower maintenance costs of public lighting. These are valid perspectives and useful pursuits, but they leave a blind spot that needs urgent attention: how the application of Smart Lighting technologies could affect and benefit people in public space. Illumination as it is currently deployed is mostly utilitarian. Creative and innovative opportunities are often overlooked. It is critical for designers to reclaim their role in this technological sea-change to combine the operational benefits of Smart Lighting with benefits for people on the ground. Involving the community should in our view be part of this process. Our goal is to unearth techniques and design approaches so that Smart Lighting becomes a flexible tool for community-informed night experiences.
The Moon as a Light Source: New sustainable ways of lighting up cities at night
Authors: Rathsach Camilla Monberg , Hvass Mette 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In our well-lit cities today, light pollution has become an increasing issue and serious threat of natural darkness and the view to a night sky full of stars. Darkness is not only a natural part of the day- and night-time cycle, but it is a basic need for all living creatures. And as light takes over in our night-time environment, this causes issues for both wildlife, nature, and human health. This project thematizes these issues by introducing new perspective on how to create a balanced relationship between human needs for lighting and natural needs for darkness. Through the case of Anholt island, the darkest place in Denmark, this is done by investigating human perception in low-level lighting and the Moon as a natural light source, that can be incorporated in a lighting design. The result is a dynamic lighting scheme, which incorporates the Moon’s cycle by turning the electrical light ‘on’ and ‘off’ depending on the significance of moonlight. This both in a functional and aesthetical way, which not only protects the darkness but enhances the atmosphere of it, while at the same time supporting human needs for lighting in an urban context.
The response of the Bonn Convention on Migratory Species to light pollution
Authors: Yakushina Yana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Light pollution became a major transboundary concern for the environment and biodiversity protection, especially with regard to species migration and spatial orientation. In view of the need for effective nature conservation, the international community has to adapt to the new challenges. The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, or the Bonn Convention, as the main international framework for migratory species protection, has recently taken initial steps towards mitigation of light pollution adverse impacts. In order to understand the response to the new environmental problem at the international level, this article explores and briefly summarizes the response of the Bonn Convention framework on light pollution as a hazardous threat. The article also discusses the potential role of the Convention in the formation of an international regulatory framework on this matter.
Effects of indoor lighting conditions and window views on occupants’ well-being and behavior: a systematic review.
Authors: Vasquez Natalia G , Rupp Ricardo F , Andersen Rune K , Toftum Jørn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper reviews 49 studies that addressed how window view, daylighting, and lighting in buildings affect occupants’ behavior and well-being. The systematic literature search was performed in November 2021 and focused on office and educational buildings. We quantified the number of papers per study type, study aim, and lighting condition. Predictor categories and methods for data collection were also considered. We analyzed the results according to a structure of records, defined by the number of predictors and type of outcomes from a study. We obtained 106 records. A gap in the number of studies under different lighting conditions and building types was identified. Studies under natural light and studies conducted in learning environments were fewer than studies dealing with artificial lighting in offices. A wide variety of methods for data collection was found. Artificial lighting features and correlated color temperature were the most used predictors. Based on the analysis of records, we found that 61.3% of the associations between predictors and outcomes were statistically significant. The type of effect was not reported in 3.8% of the records-meaning that approximately 35% of the records found no significant associations between predictors and outcomes.
A comprehensive study on physico-mechanical properties of non-metallic fibre reinforced SCC blended with metakaolin and alcofine
Authors: Vivek S S , Karthikeyan B , Selvaraj Senthil Kumaran , Pradeep Kumar M , Chadha Utkarsh , Das Sreethul , Ranjani G , Rajasakthivel R , Tamilvendhan K , Adane Tezeta Moges 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study presents a detailed experimental investigation on the effects incorporating non-metallic fibers in hybrid form in self-compacting concrete (SCC). In this regard SCC was prepared with Alccofine and Metakaolin as partial replacement for cement in 15% and 20% respectively along with the hybrid fibre combinations namely abaca fibres (0.25%, 0.5% & 0.75%), polypropylene fibres (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% & 2%) and glass fibres (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, & 2%). The fresh properties of SCC with and without hybrid fibre combinations were assessed through the standard tests such as slump flow, J ring and V-funnel tests. The conventional mechanical tests such as compressive strength test, split tensile strength test and flexural strength test were performed at 7 and 28 days. The experimental results reveal that the fresh properties of SCC were highly influenced by alccofine and Metakaolin adopted in this research. Furthermore, that the hybrid combination of abaca with polypropylene and glass fibres improved the mechanical properties of SCC and in particular the mix with 1% glass fibre and 0.25% Abaca fibre had shown better flexural and tensile strength behaviour. Microstructure analyses were also done to confirm the improvement in mechanical properties. The Scanning Electron Microscope images of the mix with 1% glass fibre and 0.25% abaca fibre showed less voids presence and presence of more hydrated components conveying that the usage of hybrid fibres had restricted the propagation of cracks there by reducing the percentage of voids and the use of metakaolin and alcofine helping in forming hydrated components at earlier stage leading to better strength.
Experimental study on toluene removal by a two-stage plasma-biofilter system
Authors: HUANG Hao , HE Lihao , WANG Yuxuan , CHEN Liang , HU Hui , ZHANG Mi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are typical pollutants that affect air quality. Discharge plasma is thought to be a potential method that can remove VOCs from flue gas. In this experiment, pulsed corona discharge plasma combined with a biological tower was carried out to remove the benzene series, and toluene was selected as the typical VOC. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of toluene by pulsed corona plasma was slightly higher than that of direct current (DC) corona plasma, while its energy efficiency was much higher than DC corona plasma. Under the optimal experimental conditions of pulse voltage 8.5 kV, initial toluene concentration 1400 mg m−3, and toluene flow rate of 12 l h−1, the toluene removal efficiency reached 77.11% by the single method of pulsed corona discharge plasma, and the energy efficiency was up to 1.515 g/(kW·h) under the pulse voltage of 4.0 kV. The trickling biofilter was constructed by using the screened and domesticated Acinetobacter baumannii, and the highest toluene removal efficiency by the pulsed corona discharge plasma combined with the trickling biofilter rose up to 97.84%. Part of the toluene was degraded into CO2, H2O, and some intermediate products such as o-diphenol under the influence of Acinetobacter baumannii. When the remaining waste gas passed through the discharge plasma reactor, the benzene ring structure could be directly destroyed by the collision between toluene and plasma. Meanwhile, O·, OH·, and some other oxidizing radicals generated by the discharge also join into the oxidative decomposition of toluene and its intermediate products, thereby further improving the removal efficiency of toluene. Therefore, the two-stage plasma-biofilter system not only showed a high toluene removal efficiency, but also had a good energy efficiency. The results of this study will provide theoretical support and technical reference for industrial VOC treatment.
Machine learning versus crop growth models: an ally, not a rival
Authors: Zhang Ningyi , Zhou Xiaohan , Kang Mengzhen , Hu Bao-Gang , Heuvelink Ep , Marcelis Leo F M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The rapid increases of the global population and climate change pose major challenges to a sustainable production of food to meet consumer demands. Process-based models (PBMs) have long been used in agricultural crop production for predicting yield and understanding the environmental regulation of plant physiological processes and its consequences for crop growth and development. In recent years, with the increasing use of sensor and communication technologies for data acquisition in agriculture, machine learning (ML) has become a popular tool in yield prediction (especially on a large scale) and phenotyping. Both PBMs and ML are frequently used in studies on major challenges in crop production and each has its own advantages and drawbacks. We propose to combine PBMs and ML given their intrinsic complementarity, to develop knowledge- and data-driven modelling (KDDM) with high prediction accuracy as well as good interpretability. Parallel, serial and modular structures are three main modes can be adopted to develop KDDM for agricultural applications. The KDDM approach helps to simplify model parameterization by making use of sensor data and improves the accuracy of yield prediction. Furthermore, the KDDM approach has great potential to expand the boundary of current crop models to allow upscaling towards a farm, regional or global level and downscaling to the gene-to-cell level. The KDDM approach is a promising way of combining simulation models in agriculture with the fast developments in data science while mechanisms of many genetic and physiological processes are still under investigation, especially at the nexus of increasing food production, mitigating climate change and achieving sustainability.
Assessing time-varying causal effect moderation in the presence of cluster-level treatment effect heterogeneity and interference
Authors: Shi J , Wu Z , Dempsey W 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe micro-randomized trial is a sequential randomized experimental design to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health intervention components that may be delivered at hundreds or thousands of decision points. Micro-randomized trials have motivated a new class of causal estimands, termed causal excursion effects, for which semiparametric inference can be conducted via a weighted, centred least-squares criterion (Boruvka et al., 2018). Causal excursion effects allow health scientists to answer important scientific questions about how intervention effectiveness may change over time or may be moderated by individual characteristics, time-varying context or past responses. Existing definitions and associated methods assume between-subject independence and noninterference. Deviations from these assumptions often occur. In this paper, causal excursion effects are revisited under potential cluster-level treatment effect heterogeneity and interference, where the treatment effect of interest may depend on cluster-level moderators. Utility of the proposed methods is shown by analysing data from a multi-institution cohort of first-year medical residents in the United States.
Domestic Accountability Efforts in Response to the Russia–Ukraine War
Authors: Marchuk Iryna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Since the beginning of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the Ukrainian authorities have faced an unprecedented surge in the numbers of alleged mass atrocity crimes committed in the areas of hostilities and parts of Ukraine’s (de)occupied territories. Eight months into the war, the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine has already registered over 47,000 instances of alleged crimes, including war crimes and the crime of aggression. Ukrainian courts have swiftly delivered first verdicts in the war crimes trials signalling their willingness to deliver justice even in the midst of the raging war. This article provides a brief recap of the domestic prosecution of atrocity crimes prior to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. It then evaluates the progress that has been achieved by the Ukrainian authorities and judiciary in relation to the prosecution and adjudication of war crimes since the beginning of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. It analyses key findings of the first war crimes verdicts rendered by the Solomyanskyy District City Court in Kyiv (later modified by the Kyiv Court of Appeals with respect to the sentence) and the Kotelevskyy District Court in the Poltava region, and appraises the application of international humanitarian law by Ukrainian judges. The article concludes by situating Ukrainian domestic efforts within the larger context in closing the impunity gap for atrocity crimes against the backdrop of a broader discussion of transitional justice in Ukraine.
Concepts of radioprotection
Authors: Beattie Anna , Pugliese Francesca 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Patient exposure to ionizing radiation associated with medical imaging procedures should be justified and optimised (the ALARA principle). In cardiac CT, a few scan parameters and scan protocols can be controlled to optimize radiation exposure. In general, an unnecessarily large scan range, high X-ray tube kilovoltage and tube current, and use of retrospectively electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated protocols are not dose-efficient choices. However, a smaller tailored scan range, optimized exposure control settings, staff training, optimal patient heart rate control, and prospectively ECG-triggered scanning approaches are more favourably associated with dose reduction.
CT for suspected acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Dedic Admir , Arslan Murat 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) can be a valuable diagnostic tool in suspected acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation. Patients in whom the initial clinical work-up, including serial cardiac (high-sensitivity) troponins, remains inconclusive are most suited to being examined with CCTA. This chapter provides an overview of the use of CCTA in suspected acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation.
Infective endocarditis
Authors: Baggiano Andrea 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endocardium. It may include cardiac valves, the mural endocardium, or septal defects, and affects more than 10 in 100,000 people annually. The infection is commonly characterized by small, usually floating, masses called vegetations, attached to the endocardium. If IE is not properly treated with specific antibiotic therapy, it can spread to the surrounding tissues, or migrate through the blood, with negative prognostic implications. The presence of IE leads to variable functional consequences like valvular regurgitation and congestive heart failure as a result of the entity of anatomical abnormalities. CT angiography with dedicated acquisition protocol emerged as useful imaging technique for a detailed description of the presence and location of such infectious disease at the level of cardiac structures, as well as the detection of associated complications, such as pseudoaneurysms, fistulae, abscesses, dehiscence of prosthetic material, or embolization of septic fragments.
Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Benz Dominik C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are defined as a myocardial disorder with a structurally and functionally abnormal heart muscle in the absence of coronary artery disease, valvular disease, hypertension, and congenital heart disease. Based on morphological and functional phenotypes, and according to the 2008 European Society of Cardiology classification of cardiomyopathies, these are grouped into hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and unclassified cardiomyopathies. In addition, each cardiomyopathy is subclassified into familial and non-familial forms. CT may be a useful alternative to echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cardiomyopathies. Important CT findings include myocardial tissue abnormalities, abnormal ejection fraction and volumes, exclusion of underlying coronary or valvular disease, and abnormal myocardial perfusion/myocardial fibrosis.
Particles: Electrons, protons, and neutrons
Authors: Morgan Andrew , Nisbet Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
‘Particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons’ provides the basis for understanding charged particle therapy. In photon radiotherapy, photons are deposited in tissue, their energy is imparted to electrons in tissue and these electrons then cause biological damage. In contrast, in charged particle radiotherapy it is the charged particles themselves that are deposited in tissue directly causing biological damage. The charged particles in routine clinical use are electrons, with proton therapy growing rapidly but still limited to specialist centres. Neutron therapy is no longer used, although photon beams can be contaminated with neutrons. This chapter describes particle interactions (soft collisions, hard collisions, and radiative interactions) and defines and explains stopping power and its link with radiobiology. The pattern of energy deposition of a charged particle beam in tissue, the Bragg peak and production of protons are also covered.
Putting the IT in RT
Authors: MacDougall Niall , Morgan Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
‘Putting the IT into RT’ addresses the whole process of modern RT from introduction of patient demographic data into a Hospital Information System, through imaging associated with target definition, treatment planning and delivery, to end of treatment and eventually follow-up as it works ‘under the bonnet’ in a fully electronic department. The chapter also provides a simple set of references for all IT concepts that occur in the book. Frequently used terms such as DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine), IP addressing, databases, IT security, and ‘the cloud’ are described. The chapter summarizes the possibilities and benefits of modern radiotherapy IT systems, but also the potential pitfalls and dangers that might befall the unwary.
External beam treatment planning
Authors: Dean Christopher , MacDougall Niall , Morgan Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter, ‘Treatment planning’, covers the processes that are involved in the production of a patient specific treatment plan, ranging from simple single field palliative treatments through to complex radical treatments using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). The step-wise methodology for creating planning target volumes (PTVs) from gross tumour volumes (GTVs), taking into account uncertainties at each step is discussed as is the evaluation of treatment plans using isodose distributions and dose volume histograms. The processes of plan checking and patient specific checks for complex treatment plans are discussed. The basics of monitor unit calculations are described and sample calculations are presented. A new and relevant section in this edition of the book describes stereotactic treatments such as SRS (stereotactic radiosurgery) and SABR (stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy) and how evaluation of these plans differs from more conventional techniques. The chapter concludes with a short discussion on the more common dose calculation models (algorithms) implemented on treatment planning systems.