bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taming of Singlet Oxygen: Towards Artificial Oxygen Carriers Based on 1,4‐Dialkylnaphthalenes
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Lei , Li Jinrong , Shao Yujie , Liu Ziang , Li Guangzhe , Akkaya Engin U. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNaphthalene endoperoxides are known as convenient sources of singlet oxygen (O2, 1Δg), which is the major product of endoperoxide cycloreversion reaction. However, their potential as carriers of ground‐state molecular oxygen (O2, 3Σg) similar to artificial oxygen carriers remains largely unexplored. This is due to the extreme reactivity and cytotoxic effects of the released singlet oxygen. We now report that a compound with a bimodular design, which incorporates an endoperoxide and an efficient physical quencher of singlet oxygen, 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), produces exclusively ground‐state molecular oxygen. This result, coupled with the fact that oxygen release rates from endoperoxides are highly amenable to fine‐tuning in a very broad range, and open to targeting by ligand attachment, raises the potential of these compounds far above any comparable chemical, or even biochemical sources. In cell culture experiments, we showed that the addition of the endoperoxide‐quencher conjugate can enhance and sustain cell proliferation.
Tuning the Properties of 5‐Azido and 5‐Nitramino‐tetrazoles by Diverse Functionalization – General Concepts for Future Energetic Materials
Authors: Benz Maximilian , Klapötke Thomas M. , Lenz Tobias , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: April 2022

Abstract5‐Azido and 5‐nitraminotetrazole backbones are established heterocyclic motifs in the research field of energetic materials synthesis. Despite the high energy content of the compounds, the problem with many derivatives is that their sensitivities are far too high. Functionalization of one of the ring nitrogen atoms is the aim of this study to adjust the sensitivity by inserting nitratoethyl, azidoethyl and methyl groups. In this context, derivatives of 2‐(2‐azidoethyl)‐5‐nitraminotetrazoles (2, 2 a–2 d), as well as 1‐nitrato and 1‐azidoethyl substituted 5‐azidotetrazole (7 and 10) and the methylation products of 5‐azidotetrazole (5‐azido‐1‐methyl‐tetrazole, 11 and 5‐azido‐2‐methyl‐tetrazole, 12) were prepared. The obtained nitrogen‐rich compounds were extensively characterized through multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. The structural confinement was checked by X‐ray diffraction experiments. The pure samples (verified by elemental analysis) were investigated regarding their behavior toward friction, impact (BAM methods) and electrostatic discharge as well as heating (DTA and DSC). For all metal‐free compounds the detonation properties were computed with the EXPLO5 code using their density and heat of formation, calculated based on CBS‐4 M level of theory.
Forward single‐cell sequencing into clinical application: Understanding of cancer microenvironment at single‐cell solution
Authors: Liu Xuanqi , Powell Charles A. , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is considered as an important approach to understand molecular mechanisms of cancer microenvironmental functions and has the potential for clinical and translational discovery and development. The recent concerns on the impact of scRNA‐seq for clinical practice are whether scRNA can be applied as a routine measurement of clinical biochemistry to assist in clinical decision‐making for diagnosis and therapy. Pushing single‐cell sequencing into clinical application is one of the important missions for clinical and translational medicine (CTM), although there still are large number challenges to be overcome. The present Editorial as one of serials aims at overviewing the history of scRNA‐seq publications in CTM, sharing the understanding and consideration on cancer microenvironment at single‐cell solution, and emphasizing the objective to translate scRNA‐seq into clinical application. The dynamic characteristics and patterns of single‐cell identity, regulatory network, and intercellular communication play decisive roles in properties of microenvironment, malignancy and migrative capacity of cancer cells, and defensive capacity of immune cells. The microenvironmental single‐cell transcriptomic profiles and cell clusters defined by scRNA‐seq have great values to explore molecular mechanisms of diseases and predict cell sensitivities to therapy and patient prognosis.
Camera traps and guard observations as an alternative to researcher observation for studying anthropogenic foraging
Authors: Walton Ben J. , Findlay Leah J. , Hill Russell A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForaging by wildlife on anthropogenic foods can have negative impacts on both humans and wildlife. Addressing this issue requires reliable data on the patterns of anthropogenic foraging by wild animals, but while direct observation by researchers can be highly accurate, this method is also costly and labor‐intensive, making it impractical in the long‐term or over large spatial areas. Camera traps and observations by guards employed to deter animals from fields could be efficient alternative methods of data collection for understanding patterns of foraging by wildlife in crop fields. Here, we investigated how data on crop‐foraging by chacma baboons and vervet monkeys collected by camera traps and crop guards predicted data collected by researchers, on a commercial farm in South Africa. We found that data from camera traps and field guard observations predicted crop loss and the frequency of crop‐foraging events from researcher observations for crop‐foraging by baboons and to a lesser extent for vervets. The effectiveness of cameras at capturing crop‐foraging events was dependent on their position on the field edge. We believe that these alternatives to direct observation by researchers represent an efficient and low‐cost method for long‐term and large‐scale monitoring of foraging by wildlife on crops.
Trends in weather conditions favor generalist over specialist species in rear‐edge alpine bird communities
Authors: de Gabriel Hernando Miguel , Roa Isabel , Fernández‐Gil Juan , Juan Jara , Fuertes Benito , Reguera Bárbara , Revilla Eloy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRear‐edge alpine biodiversity is expected to suffer one of the largest ecological impacts due to current and foreseen climate change. For highly mobile and long‐living species, climate change might operate through a wide spectrum of demographic and ecological processes influencing population dynamics, which in turn affect local abundance and may eventually lead to population extinctions and drifts in the actual range. Using the community of six passerine species breeding in the alpine zone of the Cantabrian mountains (Northwest Iberian Peninsula), we sought to document the changes in bird abundance across the elevational gradient during the last decade, evaluate the relationship between bird abundance and local climatic conditions (i.e., weather conditions), and discuss the mechanisms by which these conditions might be mediating the observed abundance trends in a global warming context. We estimated bird abundance at the home range level using point count transects and distance sampling during the breeding season, and fitted generalized linear mixed models to describe their temporal trends across the elevational gradient. We used a structural equation modeling approach to estimate the direct, indirect, and total effects of weather and temporal variables, while considering the correlations and causal relationships among them and with the elevational gradient. We found that generalist species had an overall positive trend in their abundance, while alpine specialist had a negative trend at the highest elevations during the study period. This pattern was partly explained by the decrease in wind speed and rising temperature during the study period, which seems to have a stronger effect on abundance of specialist species at the highest elevations in this rear‐edge alpine bird community. The effects of weather conditions on the abundance of different bird species in alpine ecosystems seem to be mainly related to the capacity of weather to modulate variations in habitat quality and feeding resources across the elevational gradient. Thus, in a global warming context, it is necessary to gain knowledge of the ecological processes modulating population dynamics of alpine specialists and delineate habitat conservation practices to safeguard alpine biodiversity.
Substituent Effects on the Structures of Alkali Metal Phosphido‐Borane Complexes
Authors: Izod Keith , Madlool Atheer M. , Craig Alex , Waddell Paul G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetalation of tBu2PH(BH3) (1H), iPr2PH(BH3) (2H), iPrPhPH(BH3) (3H), Ph2PH(BH3) (4H) or (Mes)2PH(BH3) (5H) with one equivalent of nBuLi in either diethyl ether or THF gave the corresponding phosphido‐borane complexes, which were obtained as single crystals of the solvates [{tBu2P(BH3)}Li(OEt2)]∞ (1Li), [{iPr2P(BH3)}Li(THF)2]∞ (2Li), [{iPrPhP(BH3)}Li(OEt2)2]∞ (3Li), [{Ph2P(BH3)}Li(OEt2)2]∞ (4Li), and [{(Mes)2P(BH3)}Li(THF)2]2 (5Li) after crystallization from diethyl ether; the alternative adduct [{Ph2P(BH3)}Li(TMEDA)]∞ (4Li(TMEDA)) was isolated from the reaction of 4Li with TMEDA. Similar metalation reactions between 1H, 2H or 4H and PhCH2Na gave the complexes [{tBu2P(BH3)}Na(THF)]∞ (1Na) and [{iPr2P(BH3)}Na(THF)]∞ (2Na), and [{Ph2P(BH3)}Na(TMEDA)(THF)]∞ (4Na(TMEDA)). Compounds 1Li, 2Li, 3Li, 4Li and 4Li(TMEDA) crystallize as zig‐zag polymers, while 5Li crystallizes as a centrosymmetric dimer; compounds 1Na and 2Na crystallize as ribbon polymers, although these differ significantly in structure, while 4Na(TMEDA) crystallizes as a zig‐zag polymer.
Respirators in Healthcare: Material, Design, Regulatory, Environmental, and Economic Considerations for Clinical Efficacy
Authors: Young Cameron C. , Byrne James D. , Wentworth Adam J. , Collins Joy E. , Chu Jacqueline N. , Traverso Giovanni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMaintaining an ample supply of personal protective equipment continues to be a challenge for the healthcare industry, especially during emergency situations and times of strain on the supply chain. Most critically, healthcare workers exposed to potential airborne hazards require sufficient respiratory protection. Respirators are the only type of personal protective equipment able to provide adequate respiratory protection. However, their ability to shield hazards depends on design, material, proper fit, and environmental conditions. As a result, not all respirators may be adequate for all scenarios. Additionally, factors including user comfort, ease of use, and cost contribute to respirator effectiveness. Therefore, a careful consideration of these parameters is essential for ensuring respiratory protection for those working in the healthcare industry. Here respirator design and material characteristics are reviewed, as well as properties of airborne hazards and potential filtration mechanisms, regulatory standards of governmental agencies, respirator efficacy in the clinical setting, attitude of healthcare personnel toward respiratory protection, and environmental and economic considerations of respirator manufacturing and distribution.
Randomized trial of laryngeal organ preservation evaluating two cycles of induction chemotherapy with platinum, docetaxel, and a novel Bcl‐xL inhibitor
Authors: Swiecicki Paul L. , Bellile Emily , Casper Keith , Chinn Steven Bennett , Dragovic Aleksandar F. , Jolly Shruti , Kupfer Robbi , Malloy Kelly M. , Mierzwa Michelle Lynn , Shuman Andrew G. , Spector Matthew E. , Srinivasan Ashok , Stucken Chaz , Bradford Carol Rossier , Eisbruch Avraham , Carey Thomas E. , Prince Mark E. , Wolf Gregory T. , Worden Francis P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSingle cycle induction chemotherapy (IC) with platinum and 5‐flurouracil (PF) and treatment based on clinical response predicts organ preservation in laryngeal cancer. Other agents offer intriguing alternatives with potentially increased ease of administration, reduced risk for severe toxicities, and increased platinum sensitivity.MethodsWe report the results of a phase II bioselection trial in advanced resectable laryngeal cancer utilizing an IC regimen of two cycles of platinum plus docetaxel (TP) with a Bcl‐2 inhibitor. The primary endpoint was organ preservation rate at 12 weeks post chemoradiation.ResultsFifty‐four patients were enrolled. Response to IC was 72%. The organ preservation rate was 59% with a laryngectomy free survival of 46%. Induction related grade ≥3 toxicities were observed in 56% of patients with two grade 5 events.ConclusionsTwo cycles of TP IC plus a Bcl‐2 inhibitor did not improve laryngeal preservation compared to a single cycle of PF.
Improved segmentation of overlapping red blood cells on malaria blood smear images with TransUNet architecture
Authors: Nurçin Fatih Veysel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMalaria is a serious disease that especially affects developing countries. Resource constraints in developing countries make automated and expert replacement systems particularly important. The machine learning algorithms were studied to provide this automation where malaria parasites are detected and counted. The machine learning pipeline for malaria parasitemia classification includes segmentation and classification steps for end‐to‐end assessment. In the segmentation step, red blood cells (RBCs) are segmented for individual evaluation of RBCs. However, it is a challenging task in case of overlapping RBCs. In the proposed study, the segmentation task was studied. The purpose of this work is to improve the segmentation of overlapping RBCs. To this end, CNN‐transformer hybrid architecture, TransUNet was introduced to improve the segmentation with the help of labeled data that promotes the separation of overlapping red blood. The proposed work achieved a 94.5% Jaccard similarity index. This surpassed the results of previous approaches.
A profile of dental school deans, 2021
Authors: Weinstein George J. , Haden N. Karl , Stewart Denice C. L. , Pyle Marsha A. , Albino Austin W. , West Karen P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn 2021, US dental school deans were surveyed to update and expand ADEA deans’ profiles developed in 2002 and 2014.MethodsThe American Dental Education Association (ADEA) and the Academy for Advancing Leadership (AAL) collaborated on an updated version of the 2014 dental deans’ profile survey. On July 1, 2021, the research project was approved as exempt from IRB oversight. The survey was distributed in electronic format on July 31, 2021, to the deans of the 70 US dental schools, including 3 schools that had not yet held their first year of classes. A total of 60 responses were considered.ResultsAdministration/management activities continue to consume deans’ time the most, followed by fundraising. Managing personnel issues and financial/budget issues, including fundraising, represent the top aspects of the position deans must master and the greatest challenges they face and expect to face for the next 5 years. Deans found these same issues the most surprising aspects of their position, reporting a low level of preparedness to meet those challenges. Most deans advocated for additional leadership programs to supplement the current training received through ADEA and AAL.ConclusionIn recent years, gradual changes have occurred in the dental deans’ profile, with more women and underrepresented groups assuming this leadership role and the average and median ages of deans increasing. Substantial turnover occurred among deans in recent years; when the 2014 survey was conducted, one respondent was an interim/acting dean. By comparison, seven reported their deanship status as interim/acting in 2021.
Efficacy of primary drainage by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided biliary drainage for unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tanikawa Tomohiro , Ishii Katsunori , Katsumata Ryo , Urata Noriyo , Nishino Ken , Suehiro Mitsuhiko , Kawanaka Miwa , Haruma Ken , Kawamoto Hirofumi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimObstructive jaundice induced by pancreatic adenocarcinoma is typically treated with biliary drainage with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)‐guided biliary drainage (ERCP‐BD). Recently, endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD) was employed as an alternative method after ERCP‐BD failed. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of EUS‐BD for primary biliary drainage.MethodsBetween December 2011 and February 2019, at Kawasaki General Medical Center, we retrospectively enrolled 33 patients who had undergone endoscopic biliary drainage with a metal stent, in a first attempt to relieve obstructive jaundice caused by unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We compared the technical and clinical outcomes between ERCP‐BD and EUS‐BD.ResultsTwenty‐three patients underwent ERCP‐BD and 10 underwent EUS‐BD. Both groups achieved 100% technical success. The clinical success rates were similar between the groups: 91% (21/23 patients) for ERCP‐BD and 100% (10/10 patients) for EUS‐BD (P = 0.48). Biliary obstruction recurred in 6/23 patients (26%) treated with ERCP‐BD and 1/10 patients (10%) treated with EUS‐BD (P = 0.40). Other adverse events occurred in 4/23 patients (17%) in the ERCP‐BD group and 1/10 patients (10%) in the EUS‐BD group (P = 0.99).ConclusionWe suggest that EUS‐BD could be employed for primary biliary drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice caused by unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Microwave‐assisted one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of 2‐(‐4‐oxo‐2‐(1‐(2‐oxo‐2h‐chromen‐3‐yl) ethylidene)hydrazono)thiazolidin‐5‐yl) acetic acid derivatives and their antiviral activity
Authors: Varluvothu Anjaneyulu , Vaarla Krishnaiah , Vermeire Kurt , Leelavathi Panaganti 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA novel series of hydrazonothiazolidinyl acetic acid derivatives were synthesized via a straightforward microwave irradiated one‐pot multicomponent reaction approach using substituted 3‐acetylcoumarins (1a‐l), thiosemicarbazide (2), and maleic anhydride (3). The synthesis was carried out by using sodium acetate and acetic acid as a solvent at 70°C, afforded target molecules in a shorter reaction time, simple reaction workup with high yields. All the synthesized compounds were well characterized by analytical data (1H, 13C NMR and mass spectra). In vitro antiviral activity of thiazolidinyl acetic acid derivatives were evaluated against a broad panel of human viruses in different cell lines among which compound 4d exhibited excellent activity against Herpes simplex virus‐1.
A novel frameshift variant in the TSPAN12 gene causes autosomal dominant FEVR
Authors: Peng Li , Dai Erkuan , Xiao Haodong , Zhao Rulian , He Yunqi , Li Shujin , Yang Mu , Yang Zhenglin , Zhao Peiquan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFamilial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is an inherited blinding eye disease with abnormal retinal vascular development. We aim to broaden the variant spectrum of FEVR and provide a basis for molecular diagnosis and genetic consultation.MethodsWe recruited five FEVR patients from one large Chinese family. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were applied to sequence, analyze, and verify variants on genomic DNA samples. Immunocytochemistry, western blot, qPCR, and luciferase assay were performed to test the influence of the variant on the protein expression and activity of the Norrin/β‐catenin pathway.ResultsWe identified a novel heterozygous frameshift variant c.533dupC (p.D179Rfs*6) in Tetraspanin 12 (TSPAN12) gene that is related to FEVR. This variant caused degradation of the entire TSPAN12 protein, which failed to activate Norrin/β‐catenin signaling, possibly causing FEVR.ConclusionOur study revealed a novel frameshift variant D179Rfs*6 in TSPAN12 that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. We found that D179Rfs*6 caused a failure to activate Norrin/β‐catenin signaling. This finding broadens the variant spectrum of TSPAN12 and provides invaluable information for the molecular diagnosis of FEVR.
Late‐occurring pain/other dysfunctions in midurethral sling class actions are likely caused by uterosacral ligament weakness, not implant or surgeon
Authors: Petros Peter E. P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLarge sums of money have been awarded against manufacturers of midurethral slings (MUS) because of complaints of pain and other complications, even though pelvic pain is rarely seen at the 6–12 weeks review.Hypothesis and AimsPain/other posterior fornix symptoms (urge, frequency, nocturia, and abnormal emptying) may appear weeks or months after MUS surgery due to dislocation of already weakened uterosacral ligaments (USL), a consequence of diversion of pelvic forces from pubourethral ligaments strengthened by the sling.MethodsReview for prevalence, pathogenic pathway from damaged USLs to pain, OAB, emptying, and other late complications by reference to data from functional anatomy imaging, mechanical support of USLs (speculum test), and post‐USL surgical repair.ResultsPelvic pain and other pelvic symptoms frequently co‐exist pre‐operatively with SUI, but are not volunteered because patients complain of one main pelvic symptom, others being “under the surface” (Pescatori Iceberg). Late de novo occurrence of symptom complications beyond perioperative MUS surgery may occur: pain (5.7%), retention (5.4%), UTI (9.3%), and OAB (10.2%).Xray/ultrasound evidence of pelvic forces acting on USLs support the hypothesis of diversion of forces. Improvement of pain and urgency by the “speculum test” indicates USL causation, as do cure of pain and other pelvic symptoms by USL slings.ConclusionsLate‐occurring PFS symptoms are the fault of neither implant, nor surgeon, but more likely consequences of pelvic forces acting on USLs already weakened by childbirth/age. Bladder/bowel/pain symptoms need to be sought out preoperatively and discussed before MUS surgery.Brief SummaryLate MUS complications, OAB, pain, retention subject to class actions, may be caused by uterosacral dislocation from pre‐existing structural weakness, not surgeon or device.
“The sweetest songs”—Ethical framing in fundraising through the agency of service users/contributors to tell their own stories
Authors: MacQuillin Ian , Crombie Jess , Smyth Ruth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMuch of the discussion on the ethics of the framing of service users in fundraising and marketing materials focuses on the ethical dilemma of whether the means of using negative framing and negatively‐framed images—which it is argued are more effective at raising money—justify that end if they cause harm by stereotyping and “othering” the people so framed, rob them of their dignity, and fail to engage people in long‐term solutions. Attempts to find the right balance between these two ethical poles have proved elusive. This paper posits a new ethical solution by removing these two poles from the equation and making the ethicality of fundraising frames contingent on the voice and agency of service users/contributors to tell their own stories and contribute to their own framing: as the Niger proverb says, “a song sounds sweeter from the author's mouth.”