bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biometric multi‐factor authentication: On the usability of the FingerPIN scheme
Authors: Marasco Emanuela , Albanese Massimiliano , Patibandla Venkata Vamsi Ram , Vurity Anudeep , Sriram Sumanth Sai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFingerprint‐based authentication has been successfully adopted in a wide range of applications, including law enforcement and immigration, due to its numerous advantages over traditional password‐based authentication. Despite the usability and accuracy of this technology, some significant concerns still exist, which can potentially hinder its further adoption. For instance, a fingerprint is permanently associated with an individual and, once stolen, cannot be replaced, thus compromising biometric‐based authentication. To mitigate this concern, we previously designed a multi‐factor authentication approach that integrates Type‐1 and Type‐3 authentication factors into a fingerprint‐based personal identification number (PIN). To authenticate, a subject is required to present a sequence of fingerprints corresponding to the digits of the PIN, based on a predefined secret mapping between digits and fingers. We conducted a preliminary vulnerability analysis and demonstrated that this approach is robust to the compromise of one or more of the subject's fingerprints. The objective of the work presented in this paper is to identify any usability issues for this FingerPIN scheme, collect qualitative and quantitative data through a user study, and determine the participants' satisfaction with the authentication mechanism. We carried out systematic usability tests, designed suitable performance metrics for assessing authentication usability on an initial cohort of 100 individuals, and performed a comparative analysis of the FingerPIN scheme against traditional sequential multi‐factor authentication schemes.
Developing drought‐smart, ready‐to‐grow future crops
Authors: Raza Ali , Mubarik Muhammad Salman , Sharif Rahat , Habib Madiha , Jabeen Warda , Zhang Chong , Chen Hua , Chen Zhong‐Hua , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Zhuang Weijian , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBreeding crop plants with increased yield potential and improved tolerance to stressful environments is critical for global food security. Drought stress (DS) adversely affects agricultural productivity worldwide and is expected to rise in the coming years. Therefore, it is vital to understand the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and ecological mechanisms associated with DS. This review examines recent advances in plant responses to DS to expand our understanding of DS‐associated mechanisms. Suboptimal water sources adversely affect crop growth and yields through physical impairments, physiological disturbances, biochemical modifications, and molecular adjustments. To control the devastating effect of DS in crop plants, it is important to understand its consequences, mechanisms, and the agronomic and genetic basis of DS for sustainable production. In addition to plant responses, we highlight several mitigation options such as omics approaches, transgenics breeding, genome editing, and biochemical to mechanical methods (foliar treatments, seed priming, and conventional agronomic practices). Further, we have also presented the scope of conventional and speed breeding platforms in helping to develop the drought‐smart future crops. In short, we recommend incorporating several approaches, such as multi‐omics, genome editing, speed breeding, and traditional mechanical strategies, to develop drought‐smart cultivars to achieve the ‘zero hunger’ goal.
Determination of pyrethroids in water samples by dispersive solid‐phase extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Ya , Yu Jun , Wang Qingying , Khattak Kashif Nawaz , Yang Xiupei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA metal–organic framework UiO‐66 was prepared and used as a sorbent for dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography (DSPE‐HPLC) for extracting and determining four pyrethroids in water samples for the first time. The as‐synthesized material was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis. In addition, several important parameters affecting DSPE efficiency, including sorbent dosage, extraction time, salt concentration, pH, elution solvent, elution volume, and elution time, were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the UiO‐66 based on the DSPE‐HPLC method displayed a wide linear range (10–1000 ng/ml), low limits of detection (2.8–3.5 ng/ml), and good precision (relative standard deviations [RSDs] < 3%) for the four pyrethroids. The recoveries at different spiked levels ranged from 89.3% to 107.7%. In addition, UiO‐66 featured good reusability and reproducibility. The results demonstrated that π–π stacking interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals forces between UiO‐66 and the four pyrethroids played a crucial role in the adsorption process. Meanwhile, the maximum extraction capability could be obtained within 5 min. Thus, the DSPE coupled with the UiO‐66 sorbent can be successfully used in the analysis of four pyrethroids in environmental water samples.Practitioner Points

Simultaneous determination of four pyrethroids using the developed UiO‐66‐based DSPE‐HPLC method in water samples.
The developed method had a short enrichment time, broad linear ranges, a low detection limit, and high enrichment factor.
It is showed that π–π stacking interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and van der Waals forces were the main mechanism.
Artificial intelligence-based computer-aided system for knee osteoarthritis assessment increases experienced orthopaedic surgeons’ agreement rate and accuracy
Authors: Smolle Maria Anna , Goetz Christoph , Maurer Dietmar , Vielgut Ines , Novak Michael , Zier Gerhard , Leithner Andreas , Nehrer Stefan , Paixao Tiago , Ljuhar Richard , Sadoghi Patrick 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aims of this study were to (1) analyze the impact of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer system on the accuracy and agreement rate of board-certified orthopaedic surgeons (= senior readers) to detect X-ray features indicative of knee OA in comparison to unaided assessment and (2) compare the results to those of senior residents (= junior readers).

Methods
One hundred and twenty-four unilateral knee X-rays from the OAI study were analyzed regarding Kellgren–Lawrence grade, joint space narrowing (JSN), sclerosis and osteophyte OARSI grade by computerized methods. Images were rated for these parameters by three senior readers using two modalities: plain X-ray (unaided) and X-ray presented alongside reports from a computer-assisted detection system (aided). After exclusion of nine images with incomplete annotation, intraclass correlations between readers were calculated for both modalities among 115 images, and reader performance was compared to ground truth (OAI consensus). Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were also calculated and the results were compared to those from a previous study on junior readers.

Results
With the aided modality, senior reader agreement rates for KL grade (2.0-fold), sclerosis (1.42-fold), JSN (1.37-fold) and osteophyte OARSI grades (3.33-fold) improved significantly. Reader specificity and accuracy increased significantly for all features when using the aided modality compared to the gold standard. On the other hand, sensitivity only increased for OA diagnosis, whereas it decreased (without statistical significance) for all other features. With aided analysis, senior readers reached similar agreement and accuracy rates as junior readers, with both surpassing AI performance.

Conclusion
The introduction of AI-based computer-aided assessment systems can increase the agreement rate and overall accuracy for knee OA diagnosis among board-certified orthopaedic surgeons. Thus, use of this software may improve the standard of care for knee OA detection and diagnosis in the future.

Level of evidence
Level II.
Operational sex ratio estimated from drone surveys for a species threatened by climate warming
Authors: Staines Melissa N. , Smith Caitlin E. , Madden Hof Christine A. , Booth David T. , Tibbetts Ian R. , Hays Graeme C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRising sand temperatures resulting from climate warming may cause the ‘feminization’ of sea turtle populations, which have temperature-dependent sex determination. In July and October 2021, we conducted surveys using a drone (also referred to as an unmanned aerial vehicle or UAV) and shore-based observations to assess the operational sex ratio (OSR) (number of males and females in breeding condition) for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia (23.44 °S, 151.92 °E). Using drone-imagery, the length:width (L:W) ratio of a turtle’s head was used to distinguish loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from green turtles, and the L:W of the carapace was used to distinguish juveniles from adult-sized green turtles. The first breeding pair was observed in shore-based surveys on 14 September 2021 and the number of mating turtles then increased to a peak on 4 October, about 8 weeks before the peak in nesting. A total of 94 km of drone transects with associated video footage was analysed. In October, at the peak of the mating season, the ratio of adult turtles displaying breeding behaviours near the island was 0.51 female (95% CI ± 0.17), supporting previous conclusions that despite the female-biased (> 80%) hatchling sex ratio, this population likely has a fairly balanced OSR. These findings are likely explained by males breeding 2–3 times more frequently than females, which helps mitigate female-biased hatchling sex ratios. Assessing the OSR of populations with extreme female hatchling bias may help to inform whether intervention is needed to increase male hatchling production.
Changes in work-related stressors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: differences by gender and parental status
Authors: Backhaus Insa , Hoven Hanno , Bambra Clare , Oksanen Tuula , Rigó Mariann , di Tecco Cristina , Iavicoli Sergio , Dragano Nico 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic changed people’s working conditions worldwide and research suggests increases in work stressors. However, it is not known to what extent these changes differ by gender or parental status. In the present study, we investigate trends in work stressors and whether these differ by gender and parental status.

Methods
We used cross-sectional time series data of the European Working Conditions Survey of 2015 and Living, Working and COVID-19 survey of spring 2020 to examine trends in work stressors by gender and parental status. Work stressors were working in leisure time, lack of psychological detachment and work–life conflict. We applied three-way multilevel regressions reporting prevalence ratios and reported predicted probabilities and average marginal effects to show trends and differences in changes in work stressors.

Results
Our multilevel regression results showed elevated prevalence ratios during the pandemic for working leisure time (PR: 1.43, 95% CI 1.34–1.53), psychological detachment (PR: 1.70, 95% CI 1.45–1.99) and work–life conflict (PR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.17–1.43) compared to before the pandemic. Except for working in leisure time, the increase was more significant among women and mothers. The proportion of work–life conflict in 2020 was 20.7% (95% CI 18.7–22.9) for men and 25.8% (95% CI 24.0–27.6) for women, equalling a difference of 5.1% (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
There is evidence that work stressors increased disproportionately for women and mothers. This needs to be monitored and addressed to prevent widening gender inequalities in the quality of work.
The impact of COVID-19 on liver transplantation programs in Austria
Authors: Hartl Lukas , Tatscher Elisabeth , Weiss Melanie , Balcar Lorenz , Strassl Robert , Jachs Mathias , Mandorfer Mattias , Soliman Thomas , Stadlbauer Vanessa , Schemmer Peter , Berlakovich Gabriela , Tilg Herbert , Schneeberger Stefan , Trauner Michael , Fickert Peter , Reiberger Thomas , Graziadei Ivo 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Background
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has affected liver disease management. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Austrian orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) programs, however, has not been systematically investigated.

Methods
All patients listed for OLT in Austria during 2020–2021 were studied. Data on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing, vaccinations, infections, mortality and the overall number of OLTs (vs. pre-COVID-19: 2015–2019) were analyzed.

Results
Overall, 490 patients (median age: 58.0 years, 70.4% men, hepatocellular carcinoma: 27.3%) were listed for OLT in Austria in 2020–2021. Alcohol-related cirrhosis (35.3%), cholestatic (16.7%) and viral liver disease (13.9%) were the main etiologies. Of the patients 61.2% underwent OLT and 8.8% died while on the waiting list.
The number of OLTs performed during COVID-19 (2020: n = 150; 2021: n = 150) remained unchanged compared to pre-COVID-19 (median: n = 152).
Among waiting list patients, 7.7% (n = 31/401) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 7 (22.6%) of these patients died.
By the end of 2021, 45.1% (n = 176/390; 82.8% mRNA vaccinations) and 28.8% (105/365) of patients received 2 and 3 SARS-CoV‑2 vaccinations, respectively. After two SARS-CoV‑2 vaccinations, antibodies more often remained undetectable in patients vaccinated post-OLT (25.6% vs. 6.5% in patients vaccinated pre-OLT; p = 0.034). Patients with three vaccinations after OLT had lower antibody titers than patients vaccinated pre-OLT (post-OLT: 513.5, IQR 44.4–2500.0 vs. pre-OLT: 2500.0, IQR 1462.0–2500.0 BAU/mL; p = 0.020).

Conclusion
The number of OLTs in Austria remained unchanged during COVID-19. SARS-CoV‑2 infections were rare but associated with high mortality in patients on the Austrian OLT waiting lists. SARS-CoV‑2 vaccination rates at the end of 2021 were suboptimal, while serological response was better in patients vaccinated pre-OLT vs. post-OLT.
The first comprehensive genomic characterization of rectal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Astaras Christoforos , De Vito Claudio , Chaskar Prasad , Bornand Aurelie , Khanfir Kaouthar , Sciarra Amedeo , Letovanec Igor , Corro Claudia , Dietrich Pierre-Yves , Tsantoulis Petros , Koessler Thibaud 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Rectal cancers represent 35% of colorectal cancers; 90% are adenocarcinomas, while squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 0.3% of them. Given its rarity, little is known concerning its pathogenesis, molecular profile and therapeutic management. The current treatment trend is to treat rectal squamous cell carcinoma by analogy to anal squamous cell carcinoma with definitive chemo-radiotherapy, setting aside surgery in case of local recurrence.

Methods
We performed an in-depth genomic analysis (next-generation sequencing, copy number variation, and human papilloma virus characterization) on 10 rectal squamous cell carcinoma samples and compared them in silico to those of anal squamous cell carcinoma and rectal adenocarcinoma.

Results
Rectal squamous cell carcinoma shows 100% HPV positivity. It has a mutational (PIK3CA, PTEN, TP53, ATM, BCL6, SOX2) and copy number variation profile (3p, 10p, 10q, 16q deletion and 1q, 3q, 5p, 8q, 20p gain) similar to anal squamous cell carcinoma. PI3K/Akt/mTOR is the most commonly affected signaling pathway similarly to anal squamous cell carcinoma. Most commonly gained or lost genes seen in rectal adenocarcinoma (FLT3, CDX2, GNAS, BCL2, SMAD4, MALT1) are not found in rectal squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion
This study presents the first comprehensive genomic characterization of rectal squamous cell carcinoma. We confirm the existence of this rare histology and its molecular similarity with anal squamous cell carcinoma. This molecular proximity confirms the adequacy of therapeutic management based on histology and not localization, suggesting that rectal squamous cell carcinoma should be treated like anal squamous cell carcinoma and not as a rectal adenocarcinoma.
Assessment of frost and heating penetration in compacted clay layers of landfill top covers in temperate climate
Authors: Dalla Santa Giorgia , Cola Simonetta , Galgaro Antonio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCompacted clay (CC) layers are commonly used as hydraulic barriers in landfills, thanks to their impervious capacity. However, mechanical and hydraulic properties of CC can be significantly affected by temperature variations due to the heat produced by waste degradation as well as to external air temperature and weathering. Previous experimental tests show that the most detrimental occurrence is the cyclic freezing–thawing (FT) that can increase the hydraulic conductivity of CC up to one order of magnitude. This paper aims at assessing the temperature distribution in a landfill multilayered top cover in several scenarios of temperature solicitations, in order to evaluate the depth of frost penetration. For this purpose, a 2D hydro-thermal coupled finite element model representing a case study landfill top cover has been developed; each constituting layer has been characterized by physical and thermal properties acquired through direct measurements on sampled materials in unfrozen and frozen conditions. The model provides a reliable time description of the isotherm distribution within the layered top cover in several temperature scenarios typical of a temperate climate, thus estimating the penetration of the frost front as well as of high temperatures.
Development, implementation and evaluation of a seven-day clinical pharmacy service in a tertiary referral teaching hospital during surge-2 of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cheng C. , Walsh A. , Jones S. , Matthews S. , Weerasooriya D. , Fernandes R. J. , McKenzie C. A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Seven-day clinical pharmacy services in the acute sector of the National Health Service are limited. There is a paucity of evidential patient benefit. This limits investment and infrastructure, despite United Kingdom wide calls.

Aim
To optimise medicines seven-days a week during surge-2 of the COVID-19 pandemic through implementation of a seven-day clinical pharmacy service. This paper describes service development, evaluation and sustainability.

Setting
A tertiary-referral teaching hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Development
The seven-day clinical pharmacy service was developed to critical care, acute and general medical patients. Clinical leads developed the service specification and defined priorities, targeting complex patients and transfer of care. Contributing staff were briefed and training materials developed.

Implementation
The service was implemented in January 2021 for 11 weeks. Multidisciplinary team communication brought challenges; strategies were employed to overcome these.

Evaluation
A prospective observational study was conducted in intervention wards over two weekends in February 2021. 1584 beds were occupied and 602 patients included. 346 interventions were reported and rated; 85.6% had high or moderate impact; 56.7% were time-critical.
The proportion of medicines reconciliation within 24-h of admission was analysed across the hospital between November 2020 and May 2021. During implementation, patients admitted Friday-Sunday were more likely to receive medicines reconciliation within 24-h (RR 1.41 (95% CI 1.34–1.47), p < 0.001). Rostered services were delivered sustainably in terms of shift-fill rate and medicines reconciliation outcome.

Conclusion
Seven-day clinical pharmacy services benefit patient outcome through early medicines reconciliation and intervention. Investment to permanently embed the service was sustained.
Entanglement criteria for the bosonic and fermionic induced ensembles
Authors: Dartois Stephane , Nechita Ion , Tanasa Adrian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe introduce the bosonic and fermionic ensembles of density matrices and study their entanglement. In the fermionic case, we show that random bipartite fermionic density matrices have non-positive partial transposition; hence, they are typically entangled. The similar analysis in the bosonic case is more delicate, due to a large positive outlier eigenvalue. We compute the asymptotic ratio between the size of the environment and the size of the system Hilbert space for which random bipartite bosonic density matrices fail the PPT criterion, being thus entangled. We also relate moment computations for tensor-symmetric random matrices to evaluations of the circuit counting and interlace graph polynomials for directed graphs.
Proteomic analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to benzyl benzoate
Authors: Kwon Young Sang , Park Chang-Beom , Lee Seung-Min , Zee Seonggeun , Kim Go-Eun , Kim Yeong-Jin , Sim Hee-Jung , Kim Jong-Hwan , Seo Jong-Su 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBenzyl benzoate (BB) is widely used in the food, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries and is discharged into the aquatic environment via various water sources, including wastewater. Research on the bioaccumulation and possible toxicity of BB has been conducted, but the biochemical responses to BB toxicity are not fully understood, and the specific molecular pathways by which BB causes toxicity remain unknown. In this study, label-free quantitative proteomics based on mass spectrometry was applied to investigate protein profiles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to BB (1 µg/mL) for 7 days. A total of 83 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, including 49 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated proteins. The biological functions of proteins regulated by BB were grouped into functional categories and subcategories, including the biosynthesis of organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process, translation, amide biosynthetic process, lipid transport, stress response, and cytoskeletal activity. The results provide novel insight into the molecular basis of the ecotoxicity of BB in aquatic ecosystems.