bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hotspot in ferruginous rock may have serious implications in Brazilian conservation policy
Authors: Zeppelini Douglas , Oliveira João Victor L. C. , de Lima Estevam C. Araujo , Brito Roniere A. , Ferreira Aila S. , Stievano Luis C. , Brito Nathan P. , Oliveira-Neto Misael A. , Lopes Bruna C. H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA hotspot of subterranean Collembola in ferruginous rock caves and Mesovoid Shallow Substratum is revealed by the analysis of pseudocryptic diversity. The diversity is accessed by detailed description of chaetotaxy and slight variation in morphology of 11 new species of Trogolaphysa Mills, 1938 (Collembola, Paronellidae, Paronellinae) and the 50 previously recorded species of springtails from caves, using optical and electronic microscopy. When combined with recent subterranean surveys, our results show an important reservoir of cave diversity in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum. Contrastingly the conservation policy for subterranean fauna in metallogenic areas in Brazil prioritizes the caves instead the cave species, which may be extremely detrimental to the fauna in the shallow subterranean habitats not accessible to humans.
Hepcidin discriminates sepsis from other critical illness at admission to intensive care
Authors: Olinder Jon , Börjesson Alex , Norrman Jakob , West Tobias , Carlström Joakim , Gustafsson Alexander , Annborn Martin , Herwald Heiko , Rydén Cecilia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInitial differential diagnosis and prognosis for patients admitted to intensive care with suspected sepsis remain arduous. Hepcidin has emerged as a potential biomarker for sepsis. Here we report data on the relevance of levels of hepcidin versus other biomarkers as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for sepsis. 164 adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) within 24 h upon arrival to the hospital were included. Blood samples collected daily for seven consecutive days and hepcidin levels, heparin binding protein (HBP) levels and standard biomarkers were determined. Blood cultures were initiated at inclusion. Clinical scores were evaluated daily and mortality after 28- and 180-days was recorded. One hundred of the patients were found to fulfil the criteria for sepsis whereas 64 did not. Hepcidin levels at admission were significantly higher in the septic than in the non-septic patients. In septic patients hepcidin levels declined significantly already at 24 h followed by a steady decline. A significant negative correlation was observed between hepcidin levels and SAPS 3 in patients with sepsis. Hepcidin levels at inclusion were significantly higher among septic patients that survived 180-days and predicted mortality. Our data show that hepcidin levels are indicative of sepsis in patients admitted to the ICU and has a prognostic value for mortality.
Pla2g2a promotes innate Th2-type immunity lymphocytes to increase B1a cells
Authors: Shinton Susan A. , Brill-Dashoff Joni , Hayakawa Kyoko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNewborns require early generation of effective innate immunity as a primary physiological mechanism for survival. The neonatal Lin28+Let7–developmental pathway allows increased generation of Th2-type cells and B1a (B-1 B) cells compared to adult cells and long-term maintenance of these initially generated innate cells. For initial B1a cell growth from the neonatal to adult stage, Th2-type IL-5 production from ILC2s and NKT2 cells is important to increase B1a cells. The Th17 increase is dependent on extracellular bacteria, and increased bacteria leads to lower Th2-type generation. Secreted group IIA-phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) from the Pla2g2a gene can bind to gram-positive bacteria and degrade bacterial membranes, controlling microbiota in the intestine. BALB/c mice are Pla2g2a+, and express high numbers of Th2-type cells and B1a cells. C57BL/6 mice are Pla2g2a-deficient and distinct from the SLAM family, and exhibit fewer NKT2 cells and fewer B1a cells from the neonatal to adult stage. We found that loss of Pla2g2a in the BALB/c background decreased IL-5 from Th2-type ILC2s and NKT2s but increased bacterial-reactive NKT17 cells and MAIT cells, and decreased the number of early-generated B1a cells and MZ B cells and the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio. Low IL-5 by decreased Th2-type cells in Pla2g2a loss led to low early-generated B1a cell growth from the neonatal to adult stage. In anti-thymocyte/Thy-1 autoreactive μκ transgenic (ATAμκ Tg) Pla2g2a+BALB/c background C.B17 mice generated NKT2 cells that continuously control CD1d+B1 B cells through old aging and lost CD1d in B1 B cells generating strong B1 ATA B cell leukemia/lymphoma. Pla2g2a-deficient ATAμκTg C57BL/6 mice suppressed the initial B1a cell increase, with low/negative spontaneous leukemia/lymphoma generation. These data confirmed that the presence of Pla2g2a to control bacteria is important to allow the neonatal to adult stage. Pla2g2a promotes innate Th2-type immunity lymphocytes to increase early generated B1a cells.
One shot ancient character recognition with siamese similarity network
Authors: Liu Xuxing , Gao Weize , Li Rankang , Xiong Yu , Tang Xiaoqin , Chen Shanxiong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAncient character recognition is not only important for the study and understanding of ancient history but also has a profound impact on the inheritance and development of national culture. In order to reduce the study of difficult professional knowledge of ancient characters, and meanwhile overcome the lack of data, class imbalance, diversification of glyphs, and open set recognition problems in ancient characters, we propose a Siamese similarity network based on a similarity learning method to directly learn input similarity and then apply the trained model to establish one shot classification task for recognition. Multi-scale fusion backbone structure and embedded structure are proposed in the network to improve the model's ability to extract features. We also propose the soft similarity contrast loss function for the first time, which ensures the optimization of similar images with higher similarity and different classes of images with greater differences while reducing the over-optimization of back-propagation leading to model overfitting. Specially, we propose a cumulative class prototype based on our network to solve the deviation problem of the mean class prototype and obtain a good class representation. Since new ancient characters can still be found in reality, our model has the ability to reject unknown categories while identifying new ones. A large number of experiments show that our proposed method has achieved high-efficiency discriminative performance and obtained the best performance over the methods of traditional deep learning and other classic one-shot learning.
Development of a brain wave model based on the quantitative analysis of EEG and EEG biofeedback therapy in patients with panic attacks during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kopańska Marta , Ochojska Danuta , Mytych Wiktoria , Lis Marcin W. , Banaś-Ząbczyk Agnieszka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe current global crisis facing the world is the COVID-19 pandemic. Infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus leads to serious health complications and even death. As it turns out, COVID-19 not only physically assails the health of those infected, but also leads to serious mental illness regardless of the presence of the disease. Social isolation, fear, concern for oneself and one's loved ones, all of this occurs when a pandemic overloads people. People exhibit numerous neurological disorders that have never happened to them before. Patients are diagnosed with frequent panic attacks, the result of which can be seen in their Quantitative Electroencephalogram results. This test may be one of the main diagnostic tools of the COVID-19 pandemic. From the results obtained, it is possible to compare and draw conclusions. This method of testing effectively allows EEG biofeedback training and observes its effect on brain activity. The feedback received in this way gives us the opportunity to properly tailor a protocol for the patient and their conditions. Numerous studies support the effectiveness of EEG biofeedback for panic attacks and other psychiatric disorders. The purpose of our study was to show the effectiveness of EEG biofeedback with a Quantitative Electroencephalogram of the brainwave pattern after having COVID-19 and what symptoms may result.
Activation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody is slower than elevation of spike-specific IgG, IgM, and nucleocapsid-specific IgG antibodies
Authors: Takahashi Maika , Ai Tomohiko , Sinozuka Konomi , Baba Yuna , Igawa Gene , Nojiri Shuko , Yamamoto Takamasa , Yuri Maiko , Takei Satomi , Saito Kaori , Horiuchi Yuki , Kanno Takayuki , Tobiume Minoru , Khasawneh Abdullah , Paran Faith Jessica , Hiki Makoto , Wakita Mitsuru , Miida Takashi , Suzuki Tadaki , Okuzawa Atsushi , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Naito Toshio , Tabe Yoko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 antibody testing has been developed to investigate humoral immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection. To assess the serological dynamics and neutralizing potency following SARS-CoV-2 infection, we investigated the neutralizing (NT) antibody, anti-spike, and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies responses using a total of 168 samples obtained from 68 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Antibodies were measured using an authentic virus neutralization assay, the high-throughput laboratory measurements of the Abbott Alinity quantitative anti-spike receptor-binding domain IgG (S-IgG), semiquantitative anti-spike IgM (S-IgM), and anti-nucleocapsid IgG (N-IgG) assays. The quantitative measurement of S-IgG antibodies was well correlated with the neutralizing activity detected by the neutralization assay (r = 0.8943, p < 0.0001). However, the kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 NT antibody in severe cases were slower than that of anti-S and anti-N specific antibodies. These findings indicate a limitation of using the S-IgG antibody titer, detected by the chemiluminescent immunoassay, as a direct quantitative marker of neutralizing activity capacity. Antibody testing should be carefully interpreted when utilized as a marker for serological responses to facilitate diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic interventions.
Modelling the dynamic relationship between spread of infection and observed crowd movement patterns at large scale events
Authors: Rutten Philip , Lees Michael H. , Klous Sander , Heesterbeek Hans , Sloot Peter M. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how contact patterns arise from crowd movement is crucial for assessing the spread of infection at mass gathering events. Here we study contact patterns from Wi-Fi mobility data of large sports and entertainment events in the Johan Cruijff ArenA stadium in Amsterdam. We show that crowd movement behaviour at mass gathering events is not homogeneous in time, but naturally consists of alternating periods of movement and rest. As a result, contact duration distributions are heavy-tailed, an observation which is not explained by models assuming that pedestrian contacts are analogous to collisions in the kinetic gas model. We investigate the effect of heavy-tailed contact duration patterns on the spread of infection using various random walk models. We show how different types of intermittent movement behaviour interact with a time-dependent infection probability. Our results point to the existence of a crossover point where increased contact duration presents a higher level of transmission risk than increasing the number of contacts. In addition, we show that different types of intermittent movement behaviour give rise to different mass-action kinetics, but also show that neither one of two mass-action mechanisms uniquely describes events.
Finite confinement potentials, core and shell size effects on excitonic and electron-atom properties in cylindrical core/shell/shell quantum dots
Authors: Hbibi M. , Mommadi O. , Chouef S. , Boussetta R. , Belamkadem L. , Moussaouy A. El , Falyouni F. , Duque C. M. , Vinasco J. A. , Duque C. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effects of confinement potentials of the first and second materials, core size and first shell thickness on the confinement of electron, electron-donor atom, and exciton in cylindrical core/shell/shell quantum dot (CSSQD) are studied taking into account the finite confinement potential model. The confinement of charge carriers in CSSQD with two finite confinement potentials models of the barrier materials are studied. Within the effective mass and parabolic band approximation, the 3D time-independent Schrödinger equation has been resolved. To obtain the ground state quasiparticles energies, we have used the variational technique. Our results show that the donor atom and exciton binding energy, as well as the electron energy, strongly depend on the core radius, first shell thickness, confinement potentials of the barrier materials, and their structures (A and B). Moreover, the confinement potential effect of the first material on the energies is more pronounced when their thickness is large and the core radius is small. So, the external potential effect is more significant when the first shell thickness and potential are small. Also, The binding energy of an on-center (off-center) donor atom is greater (weaker) than that of the exciton, whatever the structure of the confinement potential. In addition, the transition from a type-A to a type-B confinement system has been observed. The findings might be used to modify the electronic and excitonic properties in nanomaterials science.
The establishment of ecological conservation for herpetofauna species in hotspot areas of South Korea
Authors: Do Min Seock , Son Seok-Jun , Choi Green , Yoo Nakyung , Kim Dae-in , Koo Kyo-Soung , Nam Hyung-Kyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the geographic distribution of species is crucial for establishing protected areas. This study aimed to identify the preferred habitat environment of South Korean herpetofauna using distribution point information, providing the information necessary to protect their habitat by establishing a species distribution model. We found that climate variables in the region where 19 amphibians and 20 reptiles were distributed correlated with the altitude, suggesting that altitude had a major influence on their distribution. The species distribution modeling indicated that 10–12 amphibian and 13–16 reptile species inhabit the Gangwon-do region, forming hotspot areas in the eastern and western regions around the Taebaek Mountains. Some of these hotspot areas occurred in the Demilitarized Zone and national parks, which are government-managed ecological conservation areas. However, some hotspot areas are vulnerable to habitat destruction due to development and deforestation as they are not designated conservation areas. Therefore, it is necessary to establish new conservation areas with a focus on herpetofauna after confirming the actual inhabitation of species through precise monitoring in predicted hotspot areas and designating them as protected areas. Our results can serve as important basic data for establishing protection measures and designating protected areas for herpetofauna species.
Novel chemical entities inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth identified by phenotypic high-throughput screening
Authors: Kumar Anuradha , Chettiar Somsundaram , Brown Brian S. , Early Julie , Ollinger Juliane , Files Megan , Bailey Mai A. , Korkegian Aaron , Dennison Devon , McNeil Matthew , Metz James , Osuma Augustine , Curtin Michael , Kunzer Aaron , Freiberg Gail , Bruncko Milan , Kempf Dale , Parish Tanya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe performed a high-throughput phenotypic whole cell screen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against a diverse chemical library of approximately 100,000 compounds from the AbbVie corporate collection and identified 24 chemotypes with anti-tubercular activity. We selected two series for further exploration and conducted structure–activity relationship studies with new analogs for the 4-phenyl piperidines (4PP) and phenylcyclobutane carboxamides (PCB). Strains with mutations in MmpL3 demonstrated resistance to both compound series. We isolated resistant mutants for the two series and found mutations in MmpL3. These data suggest that MmpL3 is the target, or mechanism of resistance for both series.
Comprehensive study of anomalous hysteresis behavior in perovskite-based solar cells
Authors: Minbashi Mehran , Yazdani Elnaz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown remarkable progress with the rapid increase in power conversion efficiency to reach 25.7% over the last few years. However, it is difficult to precisely determine the energy conversion efficiency for PSC, because of anomalous current density-voltage (J–V) hysteresis. Normal J–V hysteresis has been reported in many papers, where the backward scan performance is higher than the forward scan one. In this work, using Drift–Diffusion Modeling, normal hysteretic behavior associated with ion migration with different scanning rates, pre-bias voltages, and charge-carrier mobility is studied. In addition, the inverted J–V hysteresis by modification of the simulation model, where anions and cations flux towards the transport layers and are accumulated simultaneously on both sides, is achieved. It is also found that the flux parameter values (gae and gch) play a critical role in the reduction of inverted hysteresis and the efficiency enhancement. It is suggested from the current studies that perovskite interfaces encapsulation, which prevents ions migration, could be of great importance for achieving hysteresis-free PSCs and reliable device characteristics.
Brown adipose tissue dysfunction promotes heart failure via a trimethylamine N-oxide-dependent mechanism
Authors: Yoshida Yohko , Shimizu Ippei , Shimada Atsuhiro , Nakahara Keita , Yanagisawa Sachiko , Kubo Minoru , Fukuda Shinji , Ishii Chiharu , Yamamoto Hiromitsu , Ishikawa Takamasa , Kano Kuniyuki , Aoki Junken , Katsuumi Goro , Suda Masayoshi , Ozaki Kazuyuki , Yoshida Yutaka , Okuda Shujiro , Ohta Shigeo , Okamoto Shiki , Minokoshi Yasuhiko , Oda Kanako , Sasaoka Toshikuni , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Kubota Yoshiaki , Yoshimura Norihiko , Kajimura Shingo , Zuriaga Maria , Walsh Kenneth , Soga Tomoyoshi , Minamino Tohru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLow body temperature predicts a poor outcome in patients with heart failure, but the underlying pathological mechanisms and implications are largely unknown. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) was initially characterised as a thermogenic organ, and recent studies have suggested it plays a crucial role in maintaining systemic metabolic health. While these reports suggest a potential link between BAT and heart failure, the potential role of BAT dysfunction in heart failure has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that alteration of BAT function contributes to development of heart failure through disorientation in choline metabolism. Thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) or myocardial infarction (MI) reduced the thermogenic capacity of BAT in mice, leading to significant reduction of body temperature with cold exposure. BAT became hypoxic with TAC or MI, and hypoxic stress induced apoptosis of brown adipocytes. Enhancement of BAT function improved thermogenesis and cardiac function in TAC mice. Conversely, systolic function was impaired in a mouse model of genetic BAT dysfunction, in association with a low survival rate after TAC. Metabolomic analysis showed that reduced BAT thermogenesis was associated with elevation of plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels. Administration of TMAO to mice led to significant reduction of phosphocreatine and ATP levels in cardiac tissue via suppression of mitochondrial complex IV activity. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of flavin-containing monooxygenase reduced the plasma TMAO level in mice, and improved cardiac dysfunction in animals with left ventricular pressure overload. In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, body temperature was low along with elevation of plasma choline and TMAO levels. These results suggest that maintenance of BAT homeostasis and reducing TMAO production could be potential next-generation therapies for heart failure.
A new human-based metahurestic optimization method based on mimicking cooking training
Authors: Trojovská Eva , Dehghani Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetaheuristic algorithms have a wide range of applications in handling optimization problems. In this study, a new metaheuristic algorithm, called the chef-based optimization algorithm (CBOA), is developed. The fundamental inspiration employed in CBOA design is the process of learning cooking skills in training courses. The stages of the cooking training process in various phases are mathematically modeled with the aim of increasing the ability of global search in exploration and the ability of local search in exploitation. A collection of 52 standard objective functions is utilized to assess the CBOA’s performance in addressing optimization issues. The optimization results show that the CBOA is capable of providing acceptable solutions by creating a balance between exploration and exploitation and is highly efficient in the treatment of optimization problems. In addition, the CBOA’s effectiveness in dealing with real-world applications is tested on four engineering problems. Twelve well-known metaheuristic algorithms have been selected for comparison with the CBOA. The simulation results show that CBOA performs much better than competing algorithms and is more effective in solving optimization problems.