bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral care, loss of personal identity and dignity in residential care homes
Authors: Johnson Ilona G. , Morgan Maria Z. , Jones Rhiannon J. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThe UK National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines recommend that care staff who provide daily personal care to residents: “Understand the importance of residents' oral health and the potential effect on their general health, well‐being and dignity.” The aim of this study was to explore residents' views and perspectives of dental care in care homes in order to understand how to deliver this care.MethodCare homes were identified using care home inspection reports for Wales, the UK. Care homes for older people with residents having mental capacity to consent were invited to participate. Data were collected using semi‐structured one‐to‐one interviews with care home residents, care home managers and oral healthcare leads. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach to data. Analysis was assisted by NVivo 10 software. Data collection was completed when no new themes emerged.ResultsThis analysis presents findings from 26 interviews with residents, across five care homes. Going into care was associated with a loss of identity. Having teeth and looking after teeth (natural teeth or dentures) was part of keeping that identity. All prioritised privacy, pride and independence above effective oral hygiene. Oral hygiene was viewed as a very private event. Carers adapted oral care, to balance time constraints, care, privacy and dignity. Teeth were a part of personal pride to the extent that two residents said they did not want to die without dentures in their mouths.ConclusionWhilst oral care is important to residents, dignity and privacy are often more important; care routines and practices are adapted around this. Carers need to adopt an individualised, pragmatic and sensitive approach to oral care to account for personal dignity when looking after residents to be able to provide appropriate oral care in accordance with guidance. Members of the dental team need to support carers to provide effective oral care, which allows dignified and effective care.
Coding the negative emotions of family members and patients among the high‐risk preoperative conversations with the Chinese version of VR‐CoDES
Authors: Qian Liru , Liu Xinchun , Yin Meng , Zhao Ya , Tie Bingyu , Wang Qingyan , Zhang Yi , Yuan Siyang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about family members' and patients' expression of negative emotions among high‐risk preoperative conversations.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the occurrence and patterns of the negative emotions of family members and patients in preoperative conversations, to investigate the conversation themes and to explore the correlation between the negative emotions and the conversation themes.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using the Chinese version of Verona Coding Definitions of Emotional Sequences (VR‐CoDES‐C) to code 297 conversations on high‐risk procedures. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse the topics in which negative emotions nested. The χ2 Test was used to test the association between the cues and the conversation themes.ResultsThe occurrence rate of family members' and patients' negative emotions was very high (85.9%), much higher when compared to most conversations under other medical settings. The negative emotions were mainly expressed by cues (96.4%), and cue‐b (67.4%) was the most frequent category. Cues and concerns were mostly elicited by family members and patients (71.6%). Negative emotions were observed among seven themes, in which ‘Psychological stress relating to illness severity, family's care and financial burden’ (30.3%) ranked the top. Cue‐b, cue‐c and cue‐d had a significant correlation (p < .001) with certain themes.ConclusionsFamily members and patients conveyed significantly more negative emotions in the high‐risk preoperative conversations than in other medical communications. Certain categories of cues were induced by specific emotional conversation contents.Patient ContributionFamily members and patients contributed to data.
Oral health issues in children and adolescents with vision impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Costa Silva‐Freire Luiza , Guimaraes Mariana Oliveira , Abreu Lucas Guimaraes , Vargas‐Ferreira Fabiana , Vieira‐Andrade Raquel Gonçalves 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adolescents with vision impairment (VI) may be at increased risk of oral health issues, such as periodontal inflammation, poor oral hygiene, dental caries, and dental trauma, but this is inconclusive in the literature.AimTo systematically review the literature to determine the main oral health issues of children and adolescents with VI compared to those without VI.DesignElectronic and manual searches were performed to identify observational studies involving children and adolescents with and without VI, to determine and compare their oral health issues. The methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Studies that had homogeneity of methods were incorporated into meta‐analyses.ResultsFifteen cross‐sectional studies were included. Overall, most studies presented methodological flaws and high risk of bias. The meta‐analysis showed that children and adolescents with VI were 3.86 times as likely to exhibit dental trauma (OR = 3.86, 95% CI = 2.63–5.68, I2 = 0%) and had higher/poorer values for plaque (MD = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.58–1.02, I2 = 96%), gingivitis (MD = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.02–1.37, I2 = 100%), calculus (MD = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03–0.06, I2 = 0%), and oral hygiene indices (MD = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.24–1.18, I2 = 97%), as well as DMFS (MD = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.68–1.13, I2 = 26%).ConclusionAcross a wide array of assessments, children and adolescents with vision impairment had worse oral health outcomes than those without VI.
Optimal pricing of online products based on customer anchoring‐adjustment psychology
Authors: Liu Xuwang , Zhang Yujie , Qi Wei , Wang Junwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOnline product pricing is an important factor that affects the purchase of customers and the earnings of e‐commerce platform enterprises. It has an increasingly prominent influence on consumers’ purchasing decisions. To study the influence of customers’ anchoring psychology and product pricing on customers’ purchasing behaviors, this paper proposes a pricing model that considers online consumers to be anchored by the product price and sales. The cognitive bias of online consumers is described by a utility function based on an anchoring‐adjustment heuristic, and consumer choice behavior and an online product pricing strategy are studied with a multinomial logit model. Then, it studies the influence of the anchoring point and anchoring degree on optimal pricing, sales and profit. In particular, when consumers are anchored only by sales of goods, the optimal solution is monotonic with respect to the anchoring degree. However, when consumers are anchored by both price and sales, both factors affect consumer behaviors and produce more complex results. This paper provides a flexible pricing mechanism for platform enterprises, and it can provide a theoretical basis and decision support for dynamic pricing of platform enterprises based on historical consumption data.
Interventions for health‐related physical fitness and overweight and obesity in children with intellectual disability: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Aiwei , Gao Yang , Wang Jingjing , Brown Tamara J. , Sun Yan , Yu Siyue , Tong Tomas K. , Zhong Linda L. D. , Fong Shirley Siu Ming , Dutheil Frédéric , Baker Julien S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPoor health‐related physical fitness (HRPF) and overweight and obesity are common health problems for children with intellectual disability. This study aimed to review existing lifestyle intervention studies, and identify effective strategies for this population.MethodsA systematic search was undertaken in three databases. The random‐effects model was used to pool the weighted results by inverse variance methods, and the I2 statistic was applied to assess heterogeneity among the included studies.ResultsMost of the identified interventions (27/29) adopted physical activity (PA). For obesity‐related outcomes, the results showed no significant effect of PA studies on reducing obesity. For HRPF outcomes, significant effects were found on 6‐min walk distance (51.86 m, 95% CI [16.49, 87.22], p < .05).ConclusionsPA is the predominant intervention component adopted and may contribute to improving cardiopulmonary fitness; but the lack of research limits our ability to draw any confirmed conclusion on obesity‐related outcomes and other HRPF outcomes.
Impaired odor identification ability and olfactory hedonic capacity in children with elevated autistic traits
Authors: Huang Gao‐jie , Qiu Yi‐qi , Tan Shao‐zhen , Ma Qian‐wen , Zou Lai‐quan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAtypical olfactory function in autism spectrum disorder has been documented in numerous studies, but little is known about its occurrence in individuals with autistic traits. The aim of the current study was to investigate odor identification ability and olfactory hedonic capacity in children with autistic traits. We recruited 415 children and measured their autistic traits by the Short Autism Spectrum Quotient. The Universal Sniff (U‐Sniff) test was used to measure odor identification ability and olfactory hedonic capacity. Olfactory hedonic capacity was also measured using the children's version of the Chemosensory Pleasure Scale (CPS‐C). Odor identification and olfactory hedonic capacity measured by CPS‐C were negatively correlated with autistic traits. Children with higher autistic traits exhibited poorer odor identification ability and olfactory trait hedonic capacity measured by CPS‐C but intact olfactory state hedonic capacity measured by odor pleasantness. These results pertaining to odor identification and olfactory hedonic capacity may be the endophenotypic markers for autism spectrum disorder.Practical ApplicationsOur study extends the knowledge on children with high autistic traits and provides a new perspective on olfactory identification ability and olfactory hedonic capacity in children with high autistic traits. In addition, our findings suggest olfactory testing may provide a new approach for detecting and understanding autism.
Detection, genotyping and virulence characterization of Fusarium wilt race 4 (VCG0114) causing cotton wilt in three Texas fields
Authors: Wagner Tanya A. , Bell Alois A. , Castles Zachary A. , Ali Akhtar , Flores Orlando , Liu Jinggao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFusarium wilt of cotton, caused by the soilborne fungusFusarium oxysporumf.sp.vasinfectumrace 4 (Fov4, VCG0114), is a serious disease that has adversely affected cotton production in California since 2001 and in the Upper Rio Grande Region near El Paso in the border areas between Texas and New Mexico since 2017. Fov4 was isolated from cotton stem samples collected from wilted or asymptomatic plants adjacent to the wilting plants from the El Paso area. The MT genotype was the only Fov4 genotype found in two fields in the Lower Valley of El Paso and the T genotype was the only Fov4 genotype found in one field in the Upper Valley Region of El Paso. No N, MiT or mixed genotypes of Fov4 were detected in any of these fields. Furthermore, theF.oxysporumf.sp.vasinfectumisolates were exclusively Fov4. The results support the observation that the MT genotype of Fov4 is mainly distributed in the Lower Valley of El Paso and the T genotype of Fov4 is mainly distributed in the Upper Valley Region of El Paso. Virulence of the MT genotype of Fov4 was higher than that of the T genotype. PCR methods previously developed for Fov4 specific PCR detection and multiplex Fov4 genotyping were validated by VCG analyses of the newly obtained isolates. These PCR methods were adapted for thein plantadetection of Fov4, but Fov4 genotyping was limited to the detection of T, MT and MiT genotypes. It is important to continue to monitor dynamic population structure of Fov4 genotypes to prevent the spread of Fov4 and optimize disease control.
Religious Markets Under Heavy Regulation: Diversification as a Survival Strategy of the Catholic Church in Communist Countries
Authors: Minarik Pavol 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe operation of a religious organization under an oppressive regime, such as in communist countries, differs from that in a free society. There is extensive literature on the effects of regulation on competition in religious markets and on the religiosity of a population. Less attention has been given to the effects of oppressive regulation that aims to control and possibly eliminate religion rather than to promote a particular religious group. This paper focuses on the specific question of how churches deal with oppressive regulation, particularly how they choose between legal and illegal operation. It proposes that both the official and the black‐market way of supplying religious services have some advantages and disadvantages, and that dual operation is advantageous where the regulation is severe. The paper examines the operation of the Catholic Church in Central European countries under communist rule, particularly Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, and Ukraine, and the different strategies adopted by the Church concerning official and underground operation.
Timely completion of spinal fusion: A multidisciplinary quality improvement initiative to improve operating room efficiency
Authors: Du Trung , Chidambaran Vidya , Kara Setenay Tuncel , Frazier Matthew , Anadio Jennifer , Girten Sandra , Levi Stacy , Allen Donna , Kurth Charles Dean , Sturm Peter , Varughese Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFailure to complete surgery within the scheduled timeframe impairs operating room efficiency leading to patient dissatisfaction and unplanned labor costs. We sought to improve timely completion (within 30 min of scheduled time) of first‐case spine fusion surgery (for idiopathic scoliosis) from a baseline of 25%–80% over 12 months. We also targeted timely completion of perioperative stages within predetermined target completion times.MethodsThe project was conducted in three overlapping phases over 16 months. A simplified process map outlining five sequential perioperative stages, preintervention baselines (N = 24) and time targets were defined. A multidisciplinary team conducted a series of tests of change addressing the aims. The key drivers included effective scheduling, team communications, family engagement, data collection veracity, standardized pathways, and situational awareness. Data collected by an independent data collector and from electronic medical records were analyzed using control charts and statistical process control methods.ResultsPost‐intervention, timely case completion increased from 25% to 68% (N = 49) (95% CI 15.1–62.7), (p = 0.003) and was sustained (N = 14). Implementation of prediction model for case‐scheduling decreased difference between scheduled and actual case end‐time (33 vs. 53 min [baseline]) and variance [lower/upper control limits ([−26, 51] vs. [−109, 216] min [baseline]). Average start time delay decreased from 6 to 2 min and on‐time surgical starts improved from 50% to 70% (95% CI 3.2–41.6%). Timely completion increased for anesthesia induction (60% to 85%), surgical procedure (26% to 48%) and emergence from anesthesia (44% to 80%) but not for intraoperative patient preparation (30% to 25%) perioperative stages. Families reported satisfaction with preoperative processes (N = 14), and no untoward intraoperative safety events occurred.ConclusionsApplication of QI methodology reduced time variation of several tasks and improved timely completion of spine surgery. Beyond the study period, sustained team behavior, adaptive changes, and vigilant monitoring are imperative for continued success.
Subjective machines: Probabilistic risk assessment based on deep learning of soft information
Authors: Brito Mario P. , Stevenson Matthew , Bravo Cristián 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor several years machine learning methods have been proposed for risk classification. While machine learning methods have also been used for failure diagnosis and condition monitoring, to the best of our knowledge, these methods have not been used for probabilistic risk assessment. Probabilistic risk assessment is a subjective process. The problem of how well machine learning methods can emulate expert judgments is challenging. Expert judgments are based on mental shortcuts, heuristics, which are susceptible to biases. This paper presents a process for developing natural language‐based probabilistic risk assessment models, applying deep learning algorithms to emulate experts’ quantified risk estimates. This allows the risk analyst to obtain an a priori risk assessment when there is limited information in the form of text and numeric data. Universal sentence embedding (USE) with gradient boosting regression (GBR) trees trained over limited structured data presented the most promising results. When we apply these models’ outputs to generate survival distributions for autonomous systems’ likelihood of loss with distance, we observe that for open water and ice shelf operating environments, the differences between the survival distributions generated by the machine learning algorithm and those generated by the experts are not statistically significant.
Understanding Political News Media Consumption with Digital Trace Data and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Bach Ruben L. , Kern Christoph , Bonnay Denis , Kalaora Luc 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Augmenting survey data with digital traces is a promising direction for combining the advantages of active and passive data collection. However, extracting interpretable measurements from digital traces for social science research is challenging. In this study, we demonstrate how to obtain measurements of news media consumption from survey respondents’ web browsing data using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, a powerful natural language processing algorithm that estimates contextual word embeddings from text data. Our approach is particularly relevant for political scientists and communication researchers studying exposure to online news content but can easily be adapted to projects in other disciplines working with similar data sets.
Bayesian Inference for Risk Minimization via Exponentially Tilted Empirical Likelihood
Authors: Tang Rong , Yang Yun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe celebrated Bernstein von-Mises theorem ensures credible regions from a Bayesian posterior to be well-calibrated when the model is correctly-specified, in the frequentist sense that their coverage probabilities tend to the nominal values as data accrue. However, this conventional Bayesian framework is known to lack robustness when the model is misspecified or partly specified, for example, in quantile regression, risk minimization based supervised/unsupervised learning and robust estimation. To alleviate this limitation, we propose a new Bayesian inferential approach that substitutes the (misspecified or partly specified) likelihoods with proper exponentially tilted empirical likelihoods plus a regularization term. Our surrogate empirical likelihood is carefully constructed by using the first-order optimality condition of empirical risk minimization as the moment condition. We show that the Bayesian posterior obtained by combining this surrogate empirical likelihood and a prior is asymptotically close to a normal distribution centering at the empirical risk minimizer with an appropriate sandwich-form covariance matrix. Consequently, the resulting Bayesian credible regions are automatically calibrated to deliver valid uncertainty quantification. Computationally, the proposed method can be easily implemented by Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithms. Our numerical results show that the proposed method tends to be more accurate than existing state-of-the-art competitors.
Identifying sexual risk‐taking and ill health in the meeting with young people‐experiences of using an assessment tool
Authors: Kilander Helena , Alehagen Siw , Hammarström Sofia , Golsäter Marie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying young people exposed to sexual risk‐taking or violence is fundamental, when seeking to strengthen their health. However, young people seldom share sexual health concerns or experiences of violence with healthcare professionals (HCPs). Studies evaluating how use of a risk assessment tool influences the dialogue about sexual health and violence are sparse.AimsThe aim of this study was to explore HCPs' experiences of using the SEXual health Identification Tool (SEXIT) in encounters with young people at Swedish youth clinics.MethodThree focus group interviews were conducted with 21 HCPs from nine youth clinics, where SEXIT had been introduced. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified. The theme, Facilitates dialogue about sexuality and vulnerability, describes how the questionnaire pertaining to SEXIT helped to normalise and help both HCPs and young people to take part in the dialogue about sensitive issues. Need for a trustful encounter presents HCPs' ethical concerns regarding how the questionnaire affects the integrity of young people and trust‐making. Sensitive topics entail challenges describes HCPs' challenges when dealing with sensitive issues. Additionally, it describes needs for knowledge and collaboration when targeting vulnerable young people.ConclusionsThe HCPs stated that using SEXIT developed their ability to address sensitive issues and helped both them and young people to take part in the dialogue about sexuality and exposure to violence. SEXIT involves experiences of ethical concerns regarding integrity and trust‐making. It also entails challenges in having dialogues about sensitive issues, how to deal with risk assessment outcomes and in improvements regarding inter‐professional collaborations.
Characterization of Puncture Forces of the Human Trachea and Cricothyroid Membrane
Authors: DeSchmidt Aleah M. , Gong Alex T. , Batista Joaquin E. , Song Agnes Y. , Bidinger Sophia L. , Schul Alyssa L. , Wang Everet Y. , Norfleet Jack E. , Sweet Robert M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Accurate human tissue biomechanical data represents a critical knowledge gap that will help facilitate the advancement of new medical devices, patient-specific predictive models, and training simulators. Tissues related to the human airway are a top priority, as airway medical procedures are common and critical. Placement of a surgical airway, though less common, is often done in an emergent (cricothyrotomy) or urgent (tracheotomy) fashion. This study is the first to report relevant puncture force data for the human cricothyroid membrane and tracheal annular ligaments. Puncture forces of the cricothyroid membrane and tracheal annular ligaments were collected from 39 and 42 excised human donor tracheas, respectively, with a mechanized load frame holding various surgical tools. The average puncture force of the cricothyroid membrane using an 11 blade scalpel was 1.01 ± 0.36 N, and the average puncture force of the tracheal annular ligaments using a 16 gauge needle was 0.98 ± 0.34 N. This data can be used to inform medical device and airway training simulator development as puncture data of these anatomies has not been previously reported.