bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
معوقات تفعيل الأنشطة المدرسية بمدراس التعليم الثانوي بمحافظة البيضاء
Authors: المليكي صفاء ناصر العبيدي   & حمود محسن 
Published: November 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على معوقات تفعيل الأنشطة المدرسية، بمدارس التعليم الثانوي بمحافظة البيضاء؛ ولتحقيق ذلك اعتمد الباحثان على المنهج الوصفي المسحي، وكانت الاستبانة المكونة من (38) فقرة، والموزعة على المجالات الآتية (المعوقات الخاصة بالإدارة المدرسية-المعوقات الخاصة بالإمكانات المدرسية - المعوقات الخاصة بالمعلم - المعوقات الخاصة بالطالب- المعوقات الخاصة بالمجتمع المحلي)؛ هي أداة الدراسة، فيما تكون مجتمع البحث من جميع الإداريين والمعلمين بمدارس التعليم الثانوي بمحافظة البيضاء، والبالغ عددها عشرون مديرية تعليمية، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من تسع مديريات تعليمية، فيما بلغ عدد أفرادها (449) معلماً وإدارياً، أما عدد أفراد العينة الفعلية فتكون من (250) إدارياً ومعلماً، وبعد إجراء المعالجات الإحصائية للبيانات باستخدام الرزم الإحصائية (spss) .
توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها:

درجة معوقات تفعيل الأنشطة المدرسية جاءت عالية.
حصل المجال الثاني المعوقات المتعلقة بالإمكانيات على درجة إعاقة عالية على مستوى المجالات الخمسة، فيما حصل المجال الثالث المعوقات المتعلقة بالمعلمين على أدنى متوسط حسابي على مستوى المجالات الخمسة.
لا يوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05 =
Effect of Lepidium sativum seeds on Serum and Urine Calcium in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Al-Tamimi Abdul-Haleem Salem , Radman Bakeel Ali Mohamed , Qasim Kholood Al-Dhuraibi & Nadia Al-Naghi & Mohmmed 
Published: November 2022

Background: The normal relation between serum and urine calcium can be determined by calcium excretion at different serum-calcium levels after oral and intravenous administration of calcium. Lepidium sativum seeds contain high amount of calcium.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of Lepidium sativum seeds on serum and urine calcium in male Albino rats.
Method: 15 Rats randomly divided into three groups, control group without treatment of Lepidium sativum seeds powder, high dose group treated daily by (5g/ kg) of Lepidium sativum seeds powder, low dose group treated daily by (1g/ kg) of Lepidium sativum seeds powder. Lepidium sativum seeds powder was mixed with the dally diet. Serum and urine calcium were analysed by spectrophotometer.
Results: Serum calcium analysis took place after treatment by Lepidium sativum seeds for six weeks. Results showed that, a Lepidium sativum seeds has elevated the serum calcium level. The rat group which was treated with high dose of Lepidium sativum seeds showed elevation in serum calcium (9.76±0.58) and in the group which was treated with low dose of Lepidium sativum seeds (9.42 ±0.35) compared to the control group (8.66±0.58). Urine calcium analysis after treatment for six weeks by Lepidium sativum seeds showed that, Lepidium sativum seeds have increased the Urine calcium level in high dose group (15.56±2.29) and in low dose group (9.42±0.35) compared to the control group (10.44±1.4).
Conclusion: Lepidium sativum seeds may have an enhanced role in bone fracture healing and we recommend conducting a study in this aspect.

ملخص
هدفت هذه الدراسة الى معرفة مدى تأثير بذور حب الرشاد على الكالسيوم في البول ومصل الدم لدى ذكور الجرذان البيضاء.
طريقة العمل. تم استخدام 15 من ذكور الجرذان البيضاء. قسمت ذكور الجرذان الى ثلاث مجموعات 5 جرذان لكل مجموعة. مجموعة ضابطة، مجموعة تم معالجتها بتركيز عال من بذور الرشاد 5 جرام لكل كيلوجرام من وزن الجرذان، ومجموعة معالجة بتركيز منخفض من بذور حب الرشاد 1 جرام لكل كيلوجرام من وزن الجرذان. تم طحن بذور الرشاد وتحويلها الى بودرة وخلطها مع الوجبة الاعتيادية للجرذان.
نتائج الدراسة فحوصات الكالسيوم تمت بعد ستة اسابيع من المعالجة. فأظهرت النتائج ان بذور الرشاد زادت من مستوى الكالسيوم في مصل الدم. حيث ان المجموعة التي تم معالجتها بتركيز عال من بذور الرشاد رفعت مستوى الكالسيوم بمتوسط وانحراف معياري(9.76±0.58) بينما المجموعة التي تم معالجتها بتركيز منخفض كانت (9.42 ±0.35) مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة (8.66±0.58) تحاليل الكالسيوم في البول بعد ستة اسابيع وضحت ارتفاع في مستوى الكالسيوم في البول في المجموعات المعالجة ببذور الرشاد حيث كانت المجموعة المعالجة بتركيز عال (15.56±2.29) والمجموعة المعالجة بتركيز منخفض (15.56±2.29) مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة (10.44±1.4).
الكلمات المفتاحية بذور الرشاد، كالسيوم البول، كالسيوم مصل الدم
Optimal control of TABS using a combined method of MPC and heat load prediction
Authors: Koga Kiyoto , Shiraishi Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThermally activated building systems (TABS), which use the building frame as a radiative and thermal storage site, have attracted attention as a means of achieving a thermal environment in office spaces that combines comfort and energy conservation. However, TABS have a large thermal capacity and a slow thermal response, making it desirable to introduce a control method based on model predictive control (MPC). There are problems with this method, such as its inability to predict periodic fluctuations in thermal load. Therefore, in this study, we propose a control method combining MPC and heat load prediction using a Neural Network, a type of supervised learning in machine learning, for an office space with TABS. The method was validated by co‐simulation using CFD and MATLAB/Simulink on a one‐span (7.20 × 7.20 × 3.87 m) TABS model. As a result, the proposed method reduced the integrated water flow rate and improved the energy performance while improving the control performance.
Ploidy Variation in Plants
Authors: Birchler James A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Evidence from genome sequences of many plant species indicate that all plants have had a cyclical history of doubling of chromosome numbers, followed by gene deletions back to a near diploid level. Recent cases of increases in genome copy number in which the different versions are closely related are generally considered to comprise ploidy variation. Ploidy variation involves changes in the number of whole sets of chromosomes. Aneuploid variation involves changes in the number of individual chromosomes. The two types of chromosomal changes have different consequences for gene expression patterns.

Key Concepts

Multiple copies of the whole set of chromosomes are referred to as polyploidy.

Additions or subtractions of part of a genome are referred to as aneuploidy.

Aneuploidy causes changes in gene expression across the genome more so than polyploidy.

Plants have experienced multiple instances of polyploidy during their evolution.

The severity of aneuploid effects depends on the background polyploidy with less effects with increasing ploidy.
Targeting Theranostics of Atherosclerosis by Dual‐Responsive Nanoplatform via Photoacoustic Imaging and Three‐In‐One Integrated Lipid Management
Authors: Ma Boxuan , Xiao Yun , Lv Qingbo , Li Gaocan , Wang Yunbing , Fu Guosheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtherosclerosis, as a life‐threatening cardiovascular disease with chronic inflammation and abnormal lipid enrichment, is often difficult to treat timely due to the lack of obvious symptoms. In this work, a theranostic nanoplatform is constructed for the noninvasive in vivo diagnosis, plaque‐formation inhibition, and the lesion reversal of atherosclerosis. A three‐in‐one therapeutic complex is constructed and packaged along with a polymeric photoacoustic probe into nanoparticles named as PLCDP@PMH, which indicates an atherosclerosis‐targeting accumulation and a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) dual‐responsive degradation. The photoacoustic probe suggests a lesion‐specific imaging on atherosclerotic mice with an accurate and distinct recognition of plaques. At the same time, the three‐in‐one complex performs an integrated lipid management through the inhibition of macrophages M1‐polarization, liver X receptor (LXR)‐mediated up‐regulation of ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1/G1 (ABCA1/G1) and the cyclodextrin‐assisted lipid dissolution, which lead to the reduced lipid uptake, enhanced lipid efflux, and actuated lipid removal. The in vivo evaluations reveal that PLCDP@PMH can suppress the lesion progression and further reverse the formed plaques under a diet without high fat. Hence, PLCDP@PMH provides a candidate for the theranostics of early‐stage atherosclerosis and delivers an impressive potential on the reversal of formed atherosclerotic lesions.
Entropy Stabilization Strategy for Enhancing the Local Structural Adaptability of Li‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Song Jin , Ning Fanghua , Zuo Yuxuan , Li Ang , Wang Hangchao , Zhang Kun , Yang Tonghuan , Yang Yali , Gao Chuan , Xiao Wukun , Jiang Zewen , Chen Tao , Feng Guang , Xia Dingguo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLayered Li‐rich cathode materials with high reversible energy densities are becoming prevalent. However, owing to the activation of low‐potential redox couples and the progressively irreversible structural transformation caused by the local adjustment of transition‐metal ions in the intra/interlayer driven by anionic redox, continuous capacity degradation, and voltage decay emerge, thus greatly reducing the energy density and increasing the difficulty of battery system management. Herein, layered Li‐rich cathode materials with higher intralayer configuration entropy have more local structural diversity and higher distortion energy, resulting in superior local structural adaptability with no drastic redox couple evolution, major local structural adjustment, or obvious layered‐to‐spinel phase transition. Consequently, the energy retention of the entropy‐stabilization‐strategy‐enhanced Li‐rich cathode materials is almost twice that of a typical Li‐rich cathode material (Li1.20Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, T‐LRM) after 3 months of cyclic testing. Moreover, when cycled at 1 C, the voltage degradation per cycle is less than 0.02%, that is, it results in a voltage loss of only 0.8 mV per cycle, which is excellent performance. This study paves the way for the development of Li‐rich cathode materials with stabilized intralayer atomic arrangements and high local structural adaptability.
Li0.5Na0.5AlB2O4F2: Fluoroaluminoborate with Aligned 1∞[BO2] Chain Induced by Unprecedented [AlO3F3]6− Species Features Enhanced Birefringence
Authors: Yan Ziting , Chu Dongdong , Zhang Min , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBirefringent materials have been used extensively owing to their indispensable role in creating and modulating polarized light, while birefringent materials for deep ultraviolet (DUV, λ < 200 nm) applications are still urgently needed. Herein, a strategy to induce the formation of birefringence‐active 1∞[BO2] chains driven by AlOmFn units is proposed for designing DUV birefringent materials, and a new fluoroaluminoborate, Li0.5Na0.5AlB2O4F2, with aligned 1∞[BO2] chains and an unprecedented [AlO3F3]6− motif is synthesized. The birefringence of Li0.5Na0.5AlB2O4F2 achieves significant enhancement compared with maternal structure LiAlB2O5 due to the optimization of functional units and arrangement via co‐substitution and fluorination tactics. The design strategy provides a propitious and feasible way to construct novel structures with excellent optical properties.
Metasurface Based Spin‐Selective Wollaston‐and‐Rochon‐Prism‐Like Circularly Polarized Beam Splitter
Authors: Khalid Ata Ur Rahman , Ullah Naeem , Han Yu , Yuan Xiaocong , Feng Fu , Somekh Michael Geoffrey 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultifunctional ultra‐thin devices which can manipulate the wavefront in a desired manner are preferably required for compact systems. In recent years, metasurfaces have been treated as an intuitive and powerful platform to expand the operational capacity of planar devices. In this work, a non‐interleaved device based on metasurfaces is proposed which utilizes transmitted co‐and‐cross polarization channels of circularly polarized (CP) light to design a spin‐switchable Wollaston‐and‐Rochon‐prism‐like CP beam splitter. In addition, this scheme facilitates the design of meta‐hologram that can decrypt two independent holographic images, one on each CP transmitted channel, under the right‐handed circularly polarized light. While, under the left‐handed circularly polarized light, the co‐polarization channel reconstructs the holographic image and no image appears on the cross‐polarization channel. The intended approach provides a promising route which will find application in information encryption/decryption, multichannel communication systems, and imaging.
Digital Decoding of Single Extracellular Vesicle Phenotype Differentiates Early Malignant and Benign Lung Lesions
Authors: Li Junrong , Sina Abu A. I. , Antaw Fiach , Fielding David , Möller Andreas , Lobb Richard , Wuethrich Alain , Trau Matt 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccurate identification of malignant lung lesions is a prerequisite for rational clinical management to reduce morbidity and mortality of lung cancer. However, classification of lung nodules into malignant and benign cases is difficult as they show similar features in computer tomography and sometimes positron emission tomography imaging, making invasive tissue biopsies necessary. To address the challenges in evaluating indeterminate nodules, the authors investigate the molecular profiles of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in differentiating malignant and benign lung nodules via a liquid biopsy‐based approach. Aiming to characterize phenotypes between malignant and benign groups, they develop a single‐molecule‐resolution‐digital‐sEV‐counting‐detection (DECODE) chip that interrogates three lung‐cancer‐associated sEV biomarkers and a generic sEV biomarker to create sEV molecular profiles. DECODE capturessEVs on a nanostructured pillar chip, confines individual sEVs, and profiles sEV biomarker expression through surface‐enhanced Raman scattering barcodes. The author utilize DECODE to generate a digitally acquired sEV molecular profiles in a cohort of 33 people, including patients with malignant and benign lung nodules, and healthy individuals. Significantly, DECODE reveals sEV‐specific molecular profiles that allow the separation of malignant from benign (area under the curve, AUC = 0.85), which is promising for non‐invasive characterisation of lung nodules found in lung cancer screening and warrants further clinincal validaiton with larger cohorts.
Non‐Invasive 3D Photoacoustic Tomography of Angiographic Anatomy and Hemodynamics of Fatty Livers in Rats
Authors: Tong Xin , Lin Li , Hu Peng , Cao Rui , Zhang Yang , Olick‐Gibson Joshua , Wang Lihong V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disorder worldwide, which strongly correlates to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndromes. Complementary to mainstream liver diagnostic modalities, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) can provide high‐speed images with functional optical contrast. However, PAT has not been demonstrated to study fatty liver anatomy with clear volumetric vasculatures. The livers of multiple rats are non‐invasively imaged in vivo using the recently developed 3D PAT platform. The system provides isotropically high spatial resolution in 3D space, presenting clear angiographic structures of rat livers without injecting contrast agents. Furthermore, to quantitatively analyze the difference between the livers of lean and obese rats, the authors measured several PAT features and statistical differences between the two groups are observed. In addition to the anatomy, a time‐gated strategy is applied to correct respiration‐induced motion artifacts and extracted the hemodynamics of major blood vessels during the breathing cycles. This study demonstrates the capabilities of 3D‐PAT to reveal both angiographic anatomy and function in rat livers, providing hematogenous information for fatty liver diagnosis. 3D‐PAT, as a new tool for preclinical research, warrants further improvements to be transferred to human pediatric liver imaging.
Profitability of grazing no‐till established winter cereal pasture and summer cover crops
Authors: Sestak Jacob R. , Biermacher Jon T. , Brorsen B. Wade , Rogers James K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNo‐till establishment (NT) and cover crops (CC) are two agricultural practices promoted to reduce externalities with clean‐till (CT) and fallow practices, better soil health, and improve producer profitability. Some research reports economic value for NT on water‐limited cropland acres, helping to advance farmer adoption; however, economic research associated with CC is limited. This study determined the economics of NT and CC for small grain pasture grazing systems in the Southern Great Plains (SGP). Data from a 5‐year, completely randomized design (CRD) grazing experiment were used in mixed‐effects regression models to estimate the effects of establishment method (CT and NT) and either summer fallow (SF) or summer CC on average daily gain (ADG), steer grazing days (SGD), and total gain (TG) ha−1. Enterprise budgeting was used to determine the relative net benefits of CTSF, NTSF, CTCC, and NTCC systems. Winter TG was the same for CTSF and NTSF systems; however, the NTSF realized 39 and 21 kg TG ha−1 more (p ≤ 0.01) than the CTCC and NTCC systems, respectively. TG on CC was 11 kg ha−1 greater (p ≤ 0.01) for NT than CT. NT realized lower costs for machinery labor and fuel than CT, giving it an economic advantage; however, revenues from grazing CC did not outweigh the additional costs of seed, fuel, and chemical applications. Overall, the NTSF system produced US$34.04 ha−1 greater net returns than the next best system. This result was not sensitive to relative changes in prices of glyphosate, labor, fuel, or cover crop seed.
Automated and Efficient Generation of General Molecular Aggregate Structures
Authors: Plett Christoph , Grimme Stefan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModeling intermolecular interactions of complex non‐covalent structures is important in many areas of chemistry. To facilitate the generation of reasonable dimer, oligomer, and general aggregate geometries, we introduce an automated computational interaction site screening (aISS) workflow. This easy‐to‐use tool combines a genetic algorithm employing the intermolecular force‐field xTB‐IFF for initial search steps with the general force‐field GFN‐FF and the semi‐empirical GFN2‐xTB method for geometry optimizations. Compared with the alternative CREST program, aISS yields similar results but with computer time savings of 1–3 orders of magnitude. This allows for the treatment of systems with thousands of atoms composed of elements up to radon, e.g., metal‐organic complexes, or even polyhedra and zeolite cut‐outs which were not accessible before. Moreover, aISS can identify reactive sites and provides options like site‐directed (user‐guided) screening.
Photocatalytic Alkylation of C(sp3)−H Bonds Using Sulfonylhydrazones**
Authors: Pulcinella Antonio , Bonciolini Stefano , Lukas Florian , Sorato Andrea , Noël Timothy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ability to construct C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds from easily accessible reagents is a crucial, yet challenging endeavor for synthetic organic chemists. Herein, we report the realization of such a cross‐coupling reaction, which combines N‐sulfonyl hydrazones and C(sp3)−H donors through a diarylketone‐enabled photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer and a subsequent fragmentation of the obtained alkylated hydrazide. This mild and metal‐free protocol was employed to prepare a wide array of alkyl‐alkyl cross‐coupled products and is tolerant of a variety of functional groups. The application of this chemistry further provides a preparatively useful route to various medicinally‐relevant compounds, such as homobenzylic ethers, aryl ethyl amines, β‐amino acids and other moieties which are commonly encountered in approved pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and natural products.
C−H Fluoromethoxylation of Arenes by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Bertoli Giulia , Martínez Ángel Manu , Goebel Jonas F. , Belmonte Debora , Sivendran Nardana , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRedox‐active N‐(fluoromethoxy)benzotriazoles were made accessible from fluoroacetic acid and hydroxybenzotriazoles via electrodecarboxylative coupling. After alkylation, they become effective monofluoromethoxylation reagents, enabling the photocatalytic C−H functionalization of arenes. Thus, irradiation of 1‐(OCH2F)‐3‐Me‐6‐(CF3)benzotriazolium triflate with blue LED light in the presence of [Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2] promotes the synthesis of diversely functionalized aryl monofluoromethyl ethers. This method allows the late‐stage functionalization of biologically relevant structures without relying on ecologically problematic halofluorocarbons.
Multiplexed Label‐Free Biomarker Detection by Targeted Disassembly of Variable‐Length DNA Payload Chains
Authors: Aquilina Matthew , Dunn Katherine E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSimultaneously studying different biomarker types (DNA, RNA, proteins, etc.) could improve understanding and diagnosis of many complex diseases. However, biomarker detection involves several complex or expensive methodologies, requiring specialized laboratories and personnel. A multiplexed assay would greatly facilitate the use of biomarker data. Here, we present a multiplexed biomarker detection technique using variable‐length DNA payload chains, which are systematically disassembled in the presence of specific biomarkers. The resulting distinctly‐sized fragments yield characteristic gel electrophoresis band patterns. This has enabled us to detect with high sensitivity and specificity DNA sequences including BRCA1 (limit of detection, LOD, ∼3 nM), RNA (miR‐141, LOD ∼19 nM) and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol (LOD ∼200–250 nM). We show that our assay is multiplexable, and suffers limited sensitivity loss in fetal bovine serum and can be applied using capillary electrophoresis, which may be more amenable to automation and integration in healthcare settings.
Polymer electrolyte membrane modification in direct ethanol fuel cells: An update
Authors: Zakaria Zulfirdaus , Kamarudin Siti Kartom , Wahid Khairul Anwar Abd 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDirect ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) offer a high degree of design flexibility, ranging from a single cell to a massive multi‐cell that can be used in various applications, including portable devices, transportation, and stationary applications. Unfortunately, the most significant barrier to the commercialization of DEFCs is getting low‐cost and ethanol permeability, high conductivity performance, and extended durability of polymer electrolyte membranes, as key components that highly influence the overall performance. In this paper, the recent progress in developing the polymer electrolyte membrane for the application of DEFCs has been comprehensively reviewed. Focusing on an updated modification of polymeric materials in the last 5 years, including Nafion‐based membrane, polyvinyl alcohol‐based membrane, polybenzimidazoles‐based membrane, chitosan‐based membrane, and sodium alginate‐based membrane, as well as factors and challenges that affected the performance of polymer electrolyte membranes have been discussed, including the main characterization, catalyst selection, cell design, and work in membrane and cell performance of DEFCs. All discussion addresses the strategy to improve the performance of polymer electrolyte membranes in DEFCs in order to penetrate the commercialization stages.