bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitting the Working Class against Itself: Solidarity, Strikebreaking, and Strike Outcomes in the Early US Labor Movement
Authors: Isaac Larry W. , McKane Rachel G. , Jacobs Anna W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is axiomatic that high-risk activism requires solidarity if social movements are to have success in struggles against powerful adversaries. However, there is little research that attempts to gauge the impact of various types, limits, or breakdown of solidarity directly and systematically. Drawing from historical political economy, cultures of class formation, and social movement outcome literatures, we address the question of solidarity’s impact across dimensions and at various levels of scale (i.e., at the point of production or firm level, local community, and wider society) by analyzing the outcomes of more than 4,500 strikes during the late-nineteenth-century rise of US industrial capitalism. We find that while strike solidarity at the point of production is necessary, it is not sufficient for success. Disruption costs that strikers seek to impose to gain leverage can be significantly reduced by the countertactic of hiring strikebreaking replacement workers recruited from the local community or imported from beyond. We also find that the urban regime of strike policing matters by moderating the impact of strikebreakers. The most powerful predictor of strike outcomes is employer use of replacement workers, signaling the key to undermining working-class strike solidarity directly pits the working class against itself. Intraclass solidarity is necessary for the success in interclass struggle but needs to extend beyond the struck firm implicating the importance of solidarity of the surrounding community and wider social factory. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the historic formation of the US labor movement and its present predicament.
High‐Pressure XAFS Measurements of the Coordination Environments of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in Basaltic Glasses
Authors: Ozawa Keisuke , Hirose Kei , Takahashi Yoshio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectrum is sensitive to the local structure of a specific element of interest and a useful tool for elucidating changes in the coordination environments and spin states of Fe2+ and Fe3+. However, in situ XAFS study of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in a silicate glass has not been conducted under high pressures due to experimental difficulties. Here we investigated pressure‐induced changes in the coordination environments of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in basaltic glasses based on the Fe K‐edge XAFS analyses for both X‐ray absorption near edge structure and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) regions. Upon compression from 1 bar to ∼15 GPa, the average Fe2+‐O bond length determined by the EXAFS analyses remained similar, suggesting that the mean coordination number of Fe2+ increased from ∼5 to 6, which is also supported by a decrease in the pre‐edge intensity. On the other hand, the Fe3+‐O bond was remarkably elongated, which indicates that Fe3+ changed from 4‐fold to 6‐fold coordination. Above 15 GPa, the coordination numbers of both Fe2+ and Fe3+ further increased, which is inferred from comparisons of the bond lengths with those of reference melt and minerals. In addition, the bond lengths did not show an anomalous reduction, indicating that both Fe2+ and Fe3+ remained in the high‐spin state up to 83 and 60 GPa, respectively, in the basaltic glasses. These compression behaviors of the Fe2+‐O and Fe3+‐O bonds support that Fe2+ disproportionates into Fe3+ and metal Fe in a deep magma ocean.
Association between craniofacial anomalies, intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder: Western Australian population-based study
Authors: Junaid Mohammed , Slack-Smith Linda , Wong Kingsley , Bourke Jenny , Baynam Gareth , Calache Hanny , Leonard Helen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccurate knowledge of the relationship between craniofacial anomalies (CFA), intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is essential to improve services and outcomes. The aim is to describe the association between CFA, ID and ASD using linked population data.MethodsAll births (1983–2005;n = 566,225) including CFA births (comprising orofacial clefts, craniosynostosis, craniofacial microsomia and mandibulofacial dysostosis) surviving to 5 years were identified from the birth, death, birth defects and midwives population data sets. Linked data from these data sets were followed for a minimum of 5 years from birth until 2010 in the intellectual disability database to identify ID and ASD. These associations were examined using a modified Poisson regression.ResultsPrevalence of ID and ASD was higher among CFA (especially with additional anomalies) than those without [prevalence ratio 5.27, 95% CI 4.44, 6.25]. It was higher among CFA than those with other gastrointestinal and urogenital anomalies but lower than nervous system and chromosomal anomalies. Children with CFA and severe ID had a higher proportion of nervous system anomalies.ConclusionsFindings indicate increased ID and ASD among CFA but lower than nervous system and chromosomal anomalies. This population evidence can improve early identification of ID/ASD among CFA and support service planning.ImpactOur study found about one in ten children born with craniofacial anomalies (CFA) are later identified with intellectual disability (ID).Prevalence of ID among CFA was higher than those with other gastrointestinal, urogenital, and musculoskeletal birth defects but lower than those with the nervous system and chromosomal abnormalities.Most children with craniofacial anomalies have a mild-to-moderate intellectual disability with an unknown aetiology.On average, intellectual disability is identified 2 years later for children born with non-syndromic craniofacial anomalies than those with syndromic conditions.Our findings can improve the early identification of ID/ASD among CFA and support service planning.
The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)
Authors: Liu Teng , Buchner Johannes , Nandra Kirpal , Merloni Andrea , Dwelly Tom , Sanders Jeremy S. , Salvato Mara , Arcodia Riccardo , Brusa Marcella , Wolf Julien , Georgakakis Antonis , Boller Thomas , Krumpe Mirko , Lamer Georg , Waddell Sophia , Urrutia Tanya , Schwope Axel , Robrade Jan , Wilms Jörn , Dauser Thomas , Comparat Johan , Toba Yoshiki , Ichikawa Kohei , Iwasawa Kazushi , Shen Yue , Medel Hector Ibarra 
Published: March 2022

Context.The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS), observed with eROSITA ahead of its planned 4-yr all-sky survey, is the largest contiguous-field X-ray survey at present. It yielded a large sample of X-ray sources with very rich multiband photometric and spectroscopic coverage.Aims.We present here the eFEDS active galactic nuclei (AGN) catalog and the eROSITA X-ray spectral properties of the eFEDS sources.Methods.Using a Bayesian method, we performed a systematic X-ray spectral analysis for all the eFEDS sources. We adopted multiple spectral models, including single-component power-law or hot-plasma models and double-component models of a power law plus soft excess. We investigated the capacity of eROSITA X-ray spectra for constraining AGN spectral shapes through a detailed analysis of the posterior parameter probability distribution functions. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling was used to recover the spectral parameter distribution of the sample. The source fluxes and luminosities were measured from the posterior of the spectral fitting.Results.The eFEDS AGN catalog (22 079 sources) comprises ~80% of the eFEDS point sources. Despite a large number of faint sources, our spectral fitting provides reasonable measurements of spectral shapes and intrinsic luminosities for a majority of the sources. Because of sample selection bias, this AGN catalog is dominated by X-ray unobscured sources, with an obscured (logNH> 21.5) fraction of 8%; the power-law emission of the hot corona is also relatively soft, with a typical slope of 2.0. For type-I AGN, the X-ray emission is well correlated with the UV emission with the usual anticorrelation between the X-ray to UV spectral slopeαOXand the UV luminosity. The X-ray spectral properties measured with various models are presented for all the eFEDS sources.
Phase noise modelling of MEMS resonant accelerometer with non-AGC-driven circuit
Authors: Li Dong , Liu Mengxia , Zhao QianCheng , Cui Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phase noise is an essential performance indicator for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonant accelerometers. The optimal resolution achievable is limited by the close-to-the carrier phase noise resulting from the modulation of noise sources by the mechanical resonator and driving circuit. Compared with the frequently used automatic gain control (AGC) circuit, the non-AGC scheme is more concise and can avoid the additional frequency flicker noise and 1/f
5 phase noise introduced by the AGC module. Although the mechanisms of these two kind of control loops are well-known by the communities, the phase noise modelling study on the non-AGC loop, especially compared with that of AGC loop is insufficient. This paper established a phase noise model for the AGC and non-AGC closed loop circuit of MEMS resonant accelerometer. The model includes the effects of resonator thermal noise, random loading noise of proof masses, front-circuit noise, comparator noise, AGC noise and amplitude stiffness coupling on the output noise spectrum of the resonant accelerometer. This paper carries the noise analysis through a behaviour level simulation with Simulink. The measured frequency power spectral density and Allan variance are very close to the theoretical predictions, which verifies the effectiveness of the phase noise model. The test results show that the white noise and the bias instability of the silicon resonant accelerometer are 837 ng (√Hz)−1 and 140 ng respectively, which are in good agreement with the model prediction results.
Adsorption of glutamic acid on clean and hydroxylated rutile TiO2(110): an XPS and NEXAFS investigation
Authors: Carraro Giovanni , Smerieri Marco , Passaglia Simone , Bracco Gianangelo , Vattuone Luca , Rocca Mario , Cossaro Albano , Verdini Alberto , Floreano Luca , Savio Letizia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Due to its biocompatibility, TiO2 is a relevant material for the study of bio-interfaces. Its electronic and chemical properties are influenced by defects, which mainly consist of oxygen vacancies or adsorbed OH groups and which affect, consequently, also the interaction with biological molecules. Here we report on an x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and near edge adsorption fine structure study of glutamic acid (Glu) adsorption on the rutile TiO2(110) surface, either clean or partially hydroxylated. We show that Glu anchors to the surface through a carboxylate group and that the final adsorption state is influenced by the presence of hydroxyl groups on the surface prior to Glu deposition. Indeed, molecules adsorb both in the anionic and in the zwitterionic form, the former species being favored on the hydroxylated substrate.
Optimising whole body computed tomography doses for paediatric trauma patients: a Swiss retrospective analysis
Authors: Simma Leopold , Fornaro Juergen , Stahr Nikolai , Lehner Markus , Roos Justus E , Lima Thiago Viana Miranda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the impact of a low-dose whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) protocol on radiation doses in paediatric major trauma patients. Retrospective cohort study of paediatric trauma patients (<16 years) at a national level 1 paediatric trauma centre (PTC) over a 6 year period prior and post introduction of a low-dose WBCT protocol (2014–2019). Demographic data, patient characteristics, CT device, and exposure information including scan range, dose-length product, and volume CT dose index were collected. Effective dose (ED) and exposure parameters were compared before and after protocol introduction. Forty-eight patients underwent WBCT during the study period. Prior to introduction of the low-dose protocol (n = 18), the ED was 20.6 mSv (median 20.1 ± 5.3 mSv [range 12.5–30.7]). After introduction of the low-dose WBCT protocol (n = 30), mean ED was 4.8 mSv (median 2.6 ± 5.0 [range: 0.8–19.1]). This resulted in a reduction of 77% in mean ED (p value <0.001). Significant radiation dose reduction of 77% can be achieved with low-dose WBCT protocols in PTCs.
Facile deposition of palladium oxide (PdO) nanoparticles on CoNi2S4 microstructures towards enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Tahira Aneela , Aftab Umair , Solangi Muhammad Yameen , Gradone Alessandro , Morandi Vittorio , Medany Shymaa S , Kasry Amal , Infantes-Molina Antonia , Nafady Ayman , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Strong demand for renewable energy resources and clean environments have inspired scientists and researchers across the globe to carry out research activities on energy provision, conversion, and storage devices. In this context, development of outperform, stable, and durable electrocatalysts has been identified as one of the major objectives for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we offer facile approach for the deposition of few palladium oxide (PdO) nanoparticles on the cobalt–nickel bi-metallic sulphide (CoNi2S4) microstructures represented as PdO@ CoNi2S4 using ultraviolet light (UV) reduction method. The morphology, crystalline structure, and chemical composition of the as-prepared PdO@ CoNi2S4 composite were probed through scanning electron microscopy, powder x-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The combined physical characterization results revealed that ultraviolet light (UV) light promoted the facile deposition of PdO nanoparticles of 10 nm size onto the CoNi2S4 and the fabricated PdO@ CoNi2S4 composite has a remarkable activity towards OER in alkaline media. Significantly, it exhibited a low onset potential of 1.41 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a low overpotential of 230 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Additionally, the fabricated PdO@ CoNi2S4 composite has a marked stability of 45 h. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has shown that the PdO@CoNi2S4 composite has a low charge transfer resistance of 86.3 Ohms, which favours the OER kinetics. The PdO@ CoNi2S4 composite provided the multiple number of active sites, which favoured the enhanced OER activity. Taken together, this new class of material could be utilized in energy conversion and storage as well as sensing applications.
Evaluating the content accuracy of augmented reality applications on the Solar System
Authors: Aydin Mirac , Ozcan Ibrahim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Advancements in mobile technologies have accelerated mobile Augmented Reality (AR), and many applications have been developed and presented in online stores. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the AR model of the Solar System simulated in mobile AR applications located in the Google Play Store. The applications were examined in the store between 1 December 2020 and 1 January 2021. A criterion was developed and 23 applications were determined that met the criterion. The mobile AR applications were coded according to a coding scheme devoted to evaluating the content requirements of the Solar System. The results showed that the applications do not meet the requirements of the model of the Solar System. In addition, the applications are insufficient to accommodate the gravity, inertia, scale, and system formation that are the requirements of the teaching of the Solar System as a whole. The results also revealed that the applications have the potential to lead to similar misconceptions as mentioned in the literature. The results suggest that the applications should be developed or reviewed by specialists or teachers before using in science classrooms. In addition, research on AR should be more focused on the quality of mobile AR applications in online stores.
Enhancing cavitation dynamics and its mechanical effects with dual-frequency ultrasound
Authors: Li Zhangyong , Zou Qingqin , Qin Dui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Acoustic cavitation and its mechanical effects (e.g. stress and strain) play a primary role in ultrasound applications. Introducing encapsulated microbubbles as cavitation nuclei and utilizing dual-frequency ultrasound excitation are highly effective approaches to reduce cavitation thresholds and enhance cavitation effects. However, the cavitation dynamics of encapsulated microbubbles and the resultant stress/strain in viscoelastic tissues under dual-frequency excitation are poorly understood, especially for the enhancement effects caused by a dual-frequency approach. The goal of this study was to numerically investigate the dynamics of a lipid-coated microbubble and the spatiotemporal distributions of the stress and strain under dual-frequency excitation. Approach. The Gilmore–Zener bubble model was coupled with a shell model for the nonlinear changes of both shell elasticity and viscosity to accurately simulate the cavitation dynamics of lipid-coated microbubbles in viscoelastic tissues. Then, the spatiotemporal evolutions of the cavitation-induced stress and strain in the surrounding tissues were characterized quantitatively. Finally, the influences of some paramount parameters were examined to optimize the outcomes. Main results. We demonstrated that the cavitation dynamics and associated stress/strain were prominently enhanced by a dual-frequency excitation, highlighting positive correlations between the maximum bubble expansion and the maximum stress/strain. Moreover, the results showed that the dual-frequency ultrasound with smaller differences in its frequencies and pressure amplitudes could enhance the bubble oscillations and stress/strain more efficiently, whereas the phase difference manifested small influences under these conditions. Additionally, the dual-frequency approach seemed to show a stronger enhancement effect with the shell/tissue viscoelasticity increasing to a certain extent. Significance. This study might contribute to optimizing the dual-frequency operation in terms of cavitation dynamics and its mechanical effects for high-efficient ultrasound applications.
A two-step method to improve image quality of CBCT with phantom-based supervised and patient-based unsupervised learning strategies
Authors: Liu Yuxiang , Chen Xinyuan , Zhu Ji , Yang Bining , Wei Ran , Xiong Rui , Quan Hong , Liu Yueping , Dai Jianrong , Men Kuo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. In this study, we aimed to develop deep learning framework to improve cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image quality for adaptive radiation therapy (ART) applications. Approach. Paired CBCT and planning CT images of 2 pelvic phantoms and 91 patients (15 patients for testing) diagnosed with prostate cancer were included in this study. First, well-matched images of rigid phantoms were used to train a U-net, which is the supervised learning strategy to reduce serious artifacts. Second, the phantom-trained U-net generated intermediate CT images from the patient CBCT images. Finally, a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) was trained with intermediate CT images and deformed planning CT images, which is the unsupervised learning strategy to learn the style of the patient images for further improvement. When testing or applying the trained model on patient CBCT images, the intermediate CT images were generated from the original CBCT image by U-net, and then the synthetic CT images were generated by the generator of CycleGAN with intermediate CT images as input. The performance was compared with conventional methods (U-net/CycleGAN alone trained with patient images) on the test set. Results. The proposed two-step method effectively improved the CBCT image quality to the level of CT scans. It outperformed conventional methods for region-of-interest contouring and HU calibration, which are important to ART applications. Compared with the U-net alone, it maintained the structure of CBCT. Compared with CycleGAN alone, our method improved the accuracy of CT number and effectively reduced the artifacts, making it more helpful for identifying the clinical target volume. Significance. This novel two-step method improves CBCT image quality by combining phantom-based supervised and patient-based unsupervised learning strategies. It has immense potential to be integrated into the ART workflow to improve radiotherapy accuracy.
Investigation of diethanolamine (DEA) as a chelating agent in the fabrication of fluorine-free propionate route YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) thin films
Authors: Daniel Andrada , Nasui Mircea , Petrisor Jr Traian , Sonher Ramona Bianca , Augieri Andrea , Pop Cornelia , Palau Anna , Vannozzi Angelo , Celentano Giuseppe , Ciontea Lelia , Petrisor Traian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The role of diethanolamine (DEA) as a chelating agent was investigated in a fluorine-free precursor solution for the growth of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) thin films via chemical solution deposition. Infrared spectroscopy and thermal analyses were employed to elucidate the interactions between the chelating agent and propionate-based coating solution. The physical properties of the as-obtained YBCO films were investigated to assess the effect of DEA addition on film growth. Special emphasis was placed on the determination of superconducting transport properties. These have been investigated in wide magnetic field (0–18 T) and temperature (4.5–77 K) ranges to account for various possible application scenarios. The 100 nm thick YBCO film deposited on a (001) SrTiO3 single-crystal substrate exhibited a critical current density of 4 MA cm−2 at 77 K in self-field.
Status of the MUonE experiment
Authors: Abbiendi G 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe MUonE experiment has been proposed to measure the differential cross section ofμe elastic scattering, by colliding the 160 GeV muons of the CERN M2 beam with atomic electrons of thin target plates. From a very precise measurement of the shape one can achieve a competitive determination of the leading hadronic contribution to the muon magnetic moment, independent from the other existing ones. In preparation for the Test Run with a reduced setup the detector geometry has been optimised. Expected yields for a first physics run with limited statistics are discussed, together with prospects for the assessment of the main systematic uncertainties.
The paradigm of warm quintessential inflation and spontaneous baryogenesis
Authors: Basak Soumen , Bhattacharya Sukannya , Gangopadhyay Mayukh R. , Jaman Nur , Rangarajan Raghavan , Sami M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a scenario of spontaneous baryogenesis in a framework of warm quintessential inflation where the residual inflaton field, left out after warm inflation, plays the role of quintessence field at late times and is coupled to a non-conserved baryonic current. Assuming a four fermion (B – L) violating effective interaction, we have demonstrated that the required baryon asymmetry can be produced successfully in this case. We show that the post-inflationary evolution, with the underlying scalar field potential, V(ϕ) = V
0
4exp(–αϕ
n/M
4
Pl), n > 1 well suited to warm inflation, exhibits scaling behaviour soon after a brief kinetic regime. We show that the coupling of the scalar field to massive neutrino matter can give rise to exit from the scaling regime to cosmic acceleration at late times as massive neutrinos turn non-relativistic. The proposed model is shown to successfully describe the cosmic history from inflation to late time acceleration, with the evolution independent of initial conditions, along with the generation of baryon asymmetry during the post-inflationary era. A brief analysis of relic gravity waves produced in the scenario is presented.