bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CIN-like TCP13 is essential for plant growth regulation under dehydration stress
Authors: Urano Kaoru , Maruyama Kyonoshin , Koyama Tomotsugu , Gonzalez Nathalie , Inzé Dirk , Yamaguchi-Shinozaki Kazuko , Shinozaki Kazuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Key message
A dehydration-inducible Arabidopsis CIN-like TCP gene, TCP13, acts as a key regulator of plant growth in leaves and roots under dehydration stress conditions.

Abstract
Plants modulate their shape and growth in response to environmental stress. However, regulatory mechanisms underlying the changes in shape and growth under environmental stress remain elusive. The CINCINNATA (CIN)-like TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) family of transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators for limiting the growth of leaves through negative effect of auxin response. Here, we report that stress-inducible CIN-like TCP13 plays a key role in inducing morphological changes in leaves and growth regulation in leaves and roots that confer dehydration stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TCP13 (35Spro::TCP13OX) exhibited leaf rolling, and reduced leaf growth under osmotic stress. The 35Spro::TCP13OX transgenic leaves showed decreased water loss from leaves, and enhanced dehydration tolerance compared with their control counterparts. Plants overexpressing a chimeric repressor domain SRDX-fused TCP13 (TCP13pro::TCP13SRDX) showed severely serrated leaves and enhanced root growth. Transcriptome analysis of TCP13pro::TCP13SRDX transgenic plants revealed that TCP13 affects the expression of dehydration- and abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated genes. TCP13 is also required for the expression of dehydration-inducible auxin-regulated genes, INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID5 (IAA5) and LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) DOMAIN 1 (LBD1). Furthermore, tcp13 knockout mutant plants showed ABA-insensitive root growth and reduced dehydration-inducible gene expression. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of CIN-like TCP that is involved in both auxin and ABA response under dehydration stress.
Representation of symmetry transformations on the sets of tripotents of spin and Cartan factors
Authors: Friedman Yaakov , Peralta Antonio M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere are six different mathematical formulations of the symmetry group in quantum mechanics, among them the set of pure states$${\mathbf {P}}$$P—i.e., the set of one-dimensional projections on a complex Hilbert spaceH– and the orthomodular lattice$${\mathbf {L}}$$Lof closed subspaces ofH. These six groups are isomorphic when the dimension ofHis$$\ge 3$$≥3. The latter hypothesis is absolutely necessary in this identification. For example, the automorphisms group of all bijections preserving orthogonality and the order on$${\mathbf {L}}$$Lidentifies with the bijections on$${\mathbf {P}}$$Ppreserving transition probabilities only if dim$$(H)\ge 3$$(H)≥3. Despite of the difficulties caused by$$M_2({\mathbb {C}})$$M2(C), rank two algebras are used for quantum mechanics description of the spin state of spin-$$\frac{1}{2}$$12particles. However, there is a counterexample for Uhlhorn’s version of Wigner’s theorem for such state space. In this note we prove that in order that the description of the spin will be relativistic, it is not enough to preserve the projection lattice equipped with its natural partial order and orthogonality, but we also need to preserve the partial order set of all tripotents and orthogonality among them (a set which strictly enlarges the lattice of projections). Concretely, letMandNbe two atomic JBW$$^*$$∗-triples not containing rank–one Cartan factors, and let$${\mathcal {U}} (M)$$U(M)and$${\mathcal {U}} (N)$$U(N)denote the set of all tripotents inMandN, respectively. We show that each bijection$$\Phi : {\mathcal {U}} (M)\rightarrow {\mathcal {U}} (N)$$Φ:U(M)→U(N), preserving the partial ordering in both directions, orthogonality in one direction and satisfying some mild continuity hypothesis can be extended to a real linear triple automorphism. This, in particular, extends a result of Molnár to the wider setting of atomic JBW$$^*$$∗-triples not containing rank–one Cartan factors, and provides new models to present quantum behavior.
On coefficient problems for functions starlike with respect to symmetric points
Authors: Zaprawa Paweł 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe main idea of the study on coefficient problems in various classes of analytic functions (univalent or nonunivalent) is to express the coefficients of functions in a given class by the coefficients of corresponding functions with positive real part. Thus, coefficient functionals can be studied using inequalities known for the class $${\mathcal {P}}$$
P
. Lemmas obtained by Libera and Złotkiewicz and by Prokhorov and Szynal play a special role in this approach. Recently, a new way leading to results on coefficient functionals has been pointed out. This approach is based on relating the coefficients of functions in a given class and the coefficients of corresponding Schwarz functions. In many cases, if we follow this approach, it is easy to predict the exact estimate of the functional and make the appropriate computations. In the proofs of these estimates are used not only classical results (the Schwarz–Pick Lemma or Wiener’s inequality), but also inequalities obtained either recently (e.g. by Efraimidis) or long ago yet almost forgotten (Carlson’s inequality). In this paper, a number of coefficient problems will be solved using the new approach described above. The object of our study is the class of starlike functions with respect to symmetric points associated with the exponential function.
Are the stabilities of stablecoins connected?
Authors: Thanh Binh Nguyen , Hong Thai Nguyen Vu , Pham Huy , Cong Thanh Nguyen , Anh Thu Pham Thi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes the interconnection of the stability of prominent stablecoins including Tether (USDT), USD Coin (USDC), Paxos Standard (PAX), TrueUSD (TUSD) and DAI from 23/11/2019 to 1/04/2021. We find (i) market price fluctuations vary across stablecoins, (ii) instabilities in USDT and USDC significantly drive those of other stablecoins but less convincing evidence for the reverse impact, and (iii) that increases (decreases) in USDT market prices significantly depress (raise) the market prices of the other stablecoins. Interestingly, the algorithmic stablecoin, DAI, is found to be less stable than its USD-backed counterparts.
Sex-disaggregated data matters: tracking the impact of COVID-19 on the health of women and men
Authors: Hawkes Sarah , Pantazis Athena , Purdie Anna , Gautam Abhishek , Kiwuwa-Muyingo Sylvia , Buse Kent , Tanaka Sonja , Borkotoky Kakoli , Sharma Sneha , Verma Ravi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSex and gender matter to health outcomes, but despite repeated commitments to sex-disaggregate data in health policies and programmes, a persistent and substantial absence of such data remains especially in lower-income countries. This represents a missed opportunity for monitoring and identifying gender-responsive, evidence-informed solutions to address a key driver of the pandemic. In this paper we review the availability of national sex-disaggregated surveillance data on COVID-19 and examine trends on the testing-to-outcome pathway. We further analyse the availability of data according to the economic status of the country and investigate the determinants of sex differences, including the national gender inequality status (according to a global index) in each country. Results are drawn from 18 months of global data collection from over 200 countries. We find differences in COVID-19 prevention behaviours and illness outcomes by sex, with lower uptake of vaccination and testing plus an elevated risk of severe disease and death among men. Supporting and maintaining the collection, collation, interpretation and presentation of sex-disaggregated data requires commitment and resources at subnational, national and global levels, but provides an opportunity for identifying and taking gender-responsive action on health inequities. As a first step the global health community should recognise, value and support the importance of sex-disaggregated data for identifying and tackling an inequitable pandemic.
Effects of biochar on soil water retention curves of compacted clay during wetting and drying
Authors: Wong James Tsz Fung , Chow Ka Lai , Chen Xun Wen , Ng Charles Wang Wai , Wong Ming Hung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCompacted clay possesses a low water permeability and has been widely used in geo-environmental facilities such as landfill cover systems. Recent studies revealed the potential applications of compacted biochar-amended clay (BAC) as an alternative landfill cover soil. However, the effects of biochar on the soil water retention curves (SWRCs) of clay at low suction are not known. This study can help fill this knowledge gap by measuring the wetting and drying SWRCs of clay and BAC (20% biochar). Soils were compacted in instrumented soil columns and subjected to a wetting and drying cycle, and soil water content and suction were measured along with the soil depth. BAC was saturated faster when compared with clay. Upon drying, the soil water content of clay at 65 mm depth dropped to almost zero, while about 5% of water was retained in BAC. It showed that biochar increased the soil water retention capacity of compacted clay upon drying. SWRCs showed that biochar-clay composite possesses a higher soil water retention capacity at a low soil suction range (< 1000 kPa) compared with clay alone. It revealed the benefits of using compacted biochar-clay composite as a hydraulic barrier to minimize desiccation-induced cracks and potentially promote its serviceability, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The composite is also a carbon sink material that can reduce landfill gas emissions and pollutant leaching.
Magnetic Fe2O3/biochar composite prepared in a molten salt medium for antibiotic removal in water
Authors: Liang Huagen , Zhu Chenxi , Ji Shan , Kannan Palanisamy , Chen Fu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe large-scale use of antibiotics is causing serious water pollution problems, and it is of great significance to develop new technologies to remove antibiotics from water. As an environmentally friendly and economical adsorption material, carbon derived from biomass is a low-cost and feasible material for removing antibiotics in sewage, but the current removal efficiencies are not high enough for large-scale practical application. In this study, poplar wood chips are used as raw material, and a magnetic biochar is prepared by co-pyrolysis of poplar wood chips and FeCl3/CaCl2 mixed molten salt. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-isothermal adsorption and desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques showed the successful synthesis of Fe2O3/bioC composite. In-situ formed Fe2O3 makes the biochar possess the characteristic of superparamagnetic, which is conducive to the recycling of biochar. Due to the etching effect of the molten salts, rough surface was formed on Fe2O3/bioC, resulting in a maximum norfloxacin (NOR) adsorption ability up to 38.77 mg g−1 at pH 6.0. The NOR adsorption behavior on Fe2O3/bioC followed the pseudo second order kinetic model and the equilibrium data was best fitted the Langmuir model. In addition, the adsorption process of NOR on Fe2O3/bioC was thermodynamically spontaneous. The results show that this low-cost and reusable magnetic biochar has the potential for rapid and efficient removal of antibiotic from aqueous solution.
A Novel Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis Model Based on Harris-Hawks-Optimization Algorithm Optimized Kernel Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Han Xiaohui , Ma Shifeng , Shi Zhewen , An Guoqing , Du Zhenbin , Zhao Chunlin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDissolved gas analysis (DGA) method is widely used to detect the incipient fault of power transformers. This paper presents a novel DGA method for power transformer fault diagnosis based on Harris-Hawks-optimization (HHO) algorithm optimized kernel extreme learning machine (KELM). The non-code ratios of the gases are used as the characterizing vector for the KELM model, and the Harris-Hawks-optimization (HHO) algorithm is introduced to optimize the KELM parameters, which promotes the fault diagnostic performance of KELM. Based on dataset collected from IEC TC 10, the fault diagnosis capability of the proposed method is validated by different characterizing vectors and is compared with conventional KELM and other optimized KELM. Moreover, the generalization ability of the proposed method is confirmed by China DGA data. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to other methods and is more effective and stable for power transformer fault diagnosis with high accuracy.
On Algorithmic Fairness in Medical Practice
Authors: Grote Thomas , Keeling Geoff 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe application of machine-learning technologies to medical practice promises to enhance the capabilities of healthcare professionals in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment, of medical conditions. However, there is growing concern that algorithmic bias may perpetuate or exacerbate existing health inequalities. Hence, it matters that we make precise the different respects in which algorithmic bias can arise in medicine, and also make clear the normative relevance of these different kinds of algorithmic bias for broader questions about justice and fairness in healthcare. In this paper, we provide the building blocks for an account of algorithmic bias and its normative relevance in medicine.
Two Leading Modes in the Evolution of Major Sudden Stratospheric Warmings and Their Distinctive Surface Influence
Authors: Xu Qibo , Chen Wen , Song Lei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeight‐time domain empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is conducted to extract the dominant variations in the evolution of sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs). The EOF1 corresponds to weak (I+) and strong (I−) polar vortex before the onset of SSWs and EOF2 indicates strong (W+) and weak (W−) warming during SSWs. The development of I− SSWs is associated with stronger eddy heat flux contributed by planetary wavenumbers 1 and 2, whereas the I + SSWs is related to wavenumber 1. W + SSWs are linked to both wavenumbers 1 and 2, while the happening of W− SSWs is associated with wavenumber 1. SSWs of I+ and W+ can exert influence on the surface such as negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation, which indicates that SSWs with different initial polar vortex states and warming intensities lead to different surface influence. This could help to better predict the tropospheric response following SSWs.
Retrieval of Simultaneous Water‐Level Changes in Small Lakes With InSAR
Authors: Palomino‐Ángel S. , Vázquez R. F. , Hampel H. , Anaya J. A. , Mosquera P. V. , Lyon S. W. , Jaramillo F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMonitoring water level changes is necessary to manage, conserve and restore natural, and anthropogenic lake systems. However, the in‐situ monitoring of lake systems is unfeasible due to limitations of costs and access. Furthermore, current remote sensing methods are restricted to large lakes and low spatial resolutions. We develop a novel approach using subsequential pixel‐wise observations of the Sentinel‐1B sensor based on interferometric synthetic aperture radar to detect water level changes in small lakes. We used 24 small ungauged lakes of the Cajas Massif lake system in Ecuador for development and validation. We found Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR)‐derived water level changes across lakes to be consistent with precipitation, capturing the peak of the wet seasons. Furthermore, accumulated water level changes could be explained by differences in lake area among lakes. Although with limitations, this study shows the underutilized potential of DInSAR to understand water level changes in small lakes with current radar data availability.
The Orinoco Low‐Level Jet and the Cross‐Equatorial Moisture Transport Over Tropical South America: Lessons From Seasonal WRF Simulations
Authors: Martinez J. Alejandro , Arias Paola A. , Junquas Clémentine , Espinoza Jhan Carlo , Condom Thomas , Dominguez Francina , Morales José S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA study of the simulation of the Orinoco Low‐Level Jet (OLLJ) and the cross‐equatorial moisture transport over tropical South America using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is presented. The focus is on the diurnal cycle and monthly means during one December‐January‐February (DJF) season (2003–2004). The sensitivity of the OLLJ and cross‐equatorial moisture transport to the representation of surface fluxes and turbulence is explored by using two different Land Surface Models (LSM) and three Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) schemes. Different LSMs produce large differences in the sensible heat flux over the Orinoco basin, but no substantial differences in the flow at the entrance of the OLLJ. However, these changes in surface fluxes were associated with a change in the low‐level pressure gradient between the Orinoco and Amazon basins, and with up to 10% change in the simulated cross‐equatorial moisture transport. The largest effects from different PBL schemes were found in the low‐level flow near the Andes cordillera, and on the low‐level southward cross‐equatorial flow during the daytime. One of the PBL schemes exhibited a reduced moisture transport on the eastern flank of the Andes but enhanced southward transport around the core of the cross‐equatorial moisture flux. Another PBL scheme produced a stronger net cross‐equatorial moisture transport, with enhanced precipitation over the Andes‐Amazon region by up to 30% during the afternoon and up to 13% in the daily mean. Improved observations over the region are needed to evaluate which combination best represents the flow.
Looking to the Skies: Realising the Combined Potential of Drones and Thermal Infrared Imagery to Advance Hydrological Process Understanding in Headwaters
Authors: Dugdale Stephen J. , Klaus Julian , Hannah David M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn river systems, headwater networks contain the vast majority of the stream length. Thus, climate and land‐use change in headwaters have disproportionate impacts on downstream ecosystems and societies that rely on them. Despite decades of hydrological research, difficulties in observing hydrological properties across scales means that scientific knowledge of processes driving streamflow in headwaters remains limited. However, the recent emergence of two complementary technologies, drones and thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing, has potential to collect data at scales and resolutions needed to advance hydrological process understanding in headwaters. In this commentary, we explain how drone‐based TIR can offer unique high‐resolution observations of surface connectivity and headwater network dynamics across multiple spatio‐temporal scales. We explore the current state‐of‐the‐art of drones and TIR imaging in the hydrological sciences, highlighting the potential benefits but also steps that will need to be taken to release these technologies' full potential. We finish by contending that drone‐based TIR is particularly well‐placed to bridge the current gap between field (point) observations and model simulations to provide the improved hydrological understanding needed for a changing world.
Faster than expected Rubisco deactivation in shade reduces cowpea photosynthetic potential in variable light conditions
Authors: Taylor Samuel H. , Gonzalez-Escobar Emmanuel , Page Rhiannon , Parry Martin A. J. , Long Stephen P. , Carmo-Silva Elizabete 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCowpea is the major source of vegetable protein for rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa and average yields are not keeping pace with population growth. Each day, crop leaves experience many shade events and the speed of photosynthetic adjustment to this dynamic environment strongly affects daily carbon gain. Rubisco activity is particularly important because it depends on the speed and extent of deactivation in shade and recovers slowly on return to sun. Here, direct biochemical measurements showed a much faster rate of Rubisco deactivation in cowpea than prior estimates inferred from dynamics of leaf gas exchange in other species1–3. Shade-induced deactivation was driven by decarbamylation, and half-times for both deactivation in shade and activation in saturating light were shorter than estimates from gas exchange (≤53% and 79%, respectively). Incorporating these half-times into a model of diurnal canopy photosynthesis predicted a 21% diurnal loss of productivity and suggests slowing Rubisco deactivation during shade is an unexploited opportunity for improving crop productivity.
Enhanced corrosion resistance of additively manufactured stainless steel by modification of feedstock
Authors: Vukkum V. B. , Christudasjustus J. , Darwish A. A. , Storck S. M. , Gupta R. K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging technology to produce engineering components. However, the major challenge in the practical application of AM is the inconsistent properties of additively manufactured components. This research presents a strategy of feedstock modification to improve the corrosion performance of selective laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel (SS). Modified feedstock powders were produced by ball-milling of commercial-316LSS powder with 1wt.% chromium nitride (CrN). The SLM coupons produced from modified feedstock powders (SLM-316L/CrN) exhibited significantly improved corrosion performance, as evident from the high pitting and repassivation potentials and absence of metastable pitting. The microstructural characterization revealed fine oxide-inclusions comprising Si, Mn, and S in SLM-316L and only Si and Mn in SLM-316L/CrN. The absence of sulfur-containing oxide-inclusions in SLM-316L/CrN and refined cellular structure, and the change in chemical composition were attributed to corrosion resistance enhancement due to the CrN addition.
An EPA database on the effects of engineered nanomaterials-NaKnowBase
Authors: Boyes William K. , Beach Bradley , Chan Gayle , Thornton B. Lila M. , Harten Paul , Mortensen Holly M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe US EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) has conducted a research program assessing potential risks of emerging materials and technologies, including engineered nanomaterials (ENM). As a component of that program, a nanomaterial knowledge base, termed “NaKnowBase”, was developed containing the results of published ORD research relevant to the potential environmental and biological actions of ENM. The experimental data address issues such as ENM release into the environment; fate, transport and transformations in environmental media; exposure to ecological species or humans; and the potential for effects on those species. The database captures information on the physicochemical properties of ENM tested, assays performed and their parameters, and the results obtained. NaKnowBase (NKB) is a relational SQL database, and may be queried either with SQL code or through a user-friendly web interface. Filtered results may be output in spreadsheet format for subsequent user-defined analyses. Potential uses of the data might include input to quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), meta-analyses, or other investigative approaches.