bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the role of macrophages in cardiovascular inflammation through imaging: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Parry Reece , Majeed Kamran , Pixley Fiona , Hillis Graham Scott , Francis Roslyn Jane , Schultz Carl Johann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability for patients across the world. Our understanding of atherosclerosis as a primary cholesterol issue has diversified, with a significant dysregulated inflammatory component that largely remains untreated and continues to drive persistent cardiovascular risk. Macrophages are central to atherosclerotic inflammation, and they exist along a functional spectrum between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory extremes. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a reduction in major cardiovascular events with some, but not all, anti-inflammatory therapies. The recent addition of colchicine to societal guidelines for the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with chronic coronary syndromes highlights the real-world utility of this class of therapies. A highly targeted approach to modification of interleukin-1-dependent pathways shows promise with several novel agents in development, although excessive immunosuppression and resulting serious infection have proven a barrier to implementation into clinical practice. Current risk stratification tools to identify high-risk patients for secondary prevention are either inadequately robust or prohibitively expensive and invasive. A non-invasive and relatively inexpensive method to identify patients who will benefit most from novel anti-inflammatory therapies is required, a role likely to be fulfilled by functional imaging methods. This review article outlines our current understanding of the inflammatory biology of atherosclerosis, upcoming therapies and recent landmark clinical trials, imaging modalities (both invasive and non-invasive) and the current landscape surrounding functional imaging including through targeted nuclear and nanobody tracer development and their application.
A case report of an improvement in premature ventricular complex–induced cardiomyopathy following continuous positive airway pressure therapy in a patient with severe obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Sakai Togo , Takemoto Masao , Koga Tokushi , Tsuchihashi Takuya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are the most common arrhythmias observed in patients without structural heart disease (SHD). Frequent PVCs cause left ventricular dilation and dysfunction without SHD, the so-called PVC-induced cardiomyopathy (PIC). Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide and is strongly associated with arrhythmias including PVCs. PVCs have been reported in up to two-thirds of patients with OSA. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a well-established primary treatment modality in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA.

Case summary
We present a 69-year-old male case with severe OSA and an improvement in his PIC following CPAP therapy. He has remained well without any symptoms or arrhythmias for 2 years after the introduction of the CPAP therapy for his OSA.

Discussion
Using CPAP therapy for the treatment of his OSA, we could improve his PIC in accordance with a reduction in frequent PVCs without ablation of the PVCs. Only ablation without CPAP therapy may not be able to completely treat PIC associated with OSA, as in the present case. Thus, physicians should be aware of the possibility of PVCs associated with OSA when examining patients with PVCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of improvement in PIC following CPAP therapy in a patient with severe OSA. Future investigations should focus on whether CPAP therapy can improve PIC associated with OSA and prevent a progression to heart failure and also result in an improvement in the prognosis.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension sensitive to calcium channel blocker, but not advanced pulmonary hypertension treatment: a case report
Authors: Hirakawa Kyoko , Aoki Tatsuo , Tsuji Akihiro , Ogo Takeshi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Calcium channel blockers (CCB), the first accepted treatment, is effective only in a small number of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (I-PAH) patients with vasoreactivity [these patients are identified by a positive acute pulmonary vasoreactive test (AVT) response]. While the majority of I-PAH patients is non-vasoreactive and CCB non-responders, modern advanced pulmonary hypertension (PH)-specific therapies, which act on one of the three different mechanistic pathways—endothelin, nitric oxide (NO), and prostacyclin pathways, are effective. Treatment response to advanced PH-specific vasodilators in PAH patients with vasoreactivity is unknown.

Case summary
A 30-year-old woman with I-PAH was referred to our centre with worsening symptoms and deteriorating PH. She was being administered oral triple combination of advanced PH-specific treatment including a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, an endothelin receptor antagonist, and a long-acting prostacyclin analogue. The patient showed positive AVT with NO inhalation while on these advanced PH-specific drugs. We added high-dose CCB, which dramatically normalized her pulmonary blood pressure without further symptoms, and she has remained stable for 5 years.

Discussion
Our case describes a PAH patient with vasoreactivity, who was resistant to three different types of advanced PH-specific vasodilators but was exclusively sensitive to CCB treatment. Some CCB responders may have a specific CCB-sensitive PAH phenotype refractory to other pulmonary vasodilators. This case highlights the role of identifying CCB responders in this era of use of modern, advanced PH-specific vasodilators. The investigation of the mechanisms underlying CCB sensitivity in PAH is necessary.
Fear of movement and its associated psychosocial factors in heart failure patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xiuting , Zhao Qiuge , Wang Mei , Yang Mei , Fan Xiuzhen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsFear of movement is a significant obstacle to daily activities, which may lead to adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of fear of movement and to identify psychosocial factors associated with fear of movement in heart failure patients.Methods and resultsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 305 heart failure patients were recruited from three cardiovascular units of a university hospital. Self-reported questionnaires were used to measure fear of movement, cardiac anxiety, depressive symptoms, subjective social status, education, monthly income, and employment status. The results showed that 178 (58.4%) patients were accompanied with fear of movement. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that scores for cardiac anxiety (β = 0.254, P &lt; 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.308, P &lt; 0.001), as well as being employed (β = 0.186, P &lt; 0.001) were positively associated with fear of movement score, while the score for subjective social status (β = –0.101, P = 0.038) was negatively associated with fear of movement score. The four independent variables accounted for 30.3% of the variance in fear of movement.ConclusionsFear of movement is common in patients with heart failure. Cardiac anxiety, depressive symptoms, subjective social status, and employment status were associated with patients’ fear of movement. This indicates that measures should be taken to screen and manage patients’ fear of movement. Furthermore, alleviating cardiac anxiety and depressive symptoms may be important to consider in relieving fear of movement in heart failure patients, especially for those who are employed and with low subjective social status.
Efficacy of the antibacterial envelope to prevent cardiac implantable electronic device infection in a high-risk population
Authors: Chaudhry Uzma , Borgquist Rasmus , Smith J Gustav , Mörtsell David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Infection is a serious complication of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) therapy. An antibiotic-eluting absorbable envelope has been developed to reduce the infection rate, but studies investigating the efficacy and a reasonable number needed to treat in high-risk populations for infections are limited.

Methods and results
One hundred and forty-four patients undergoing CIED implantation who received the antibacterial envelope were compared with a matched cohort of 382 CIED patients from our institution. The primary outcome was the occurrence of local infection, and secondary outcomes were any CIED-related local or systemic infections, including endocarditis, and all-cause mortality. The results were stratified by a risk score for CIED infection, PADIT. The envelope group had a higher PADIT score, 5.9 ± 3.1 vs. 3.9 ± 3.0 (P &lt; 0.0001). For the primary endpoint, no local infections occurred in the envelope group, compared with 2.6% in the control group (P = 0.04), with a more pronounced difference in the stratum with a high (&gt;7 points) PADIT score, 0 vs. 9.9% (P = 0.01). The total CIED-related infections were similar between groups, 6.3% compared with 5.0% (P = 0.567). Mortality after 1600 days of follow-up did not differ between groups, 22.9 vs. 26.4%, P = 0.475.

Conclusion
Our study confirms the clinical efficacy of an antibacterial envelope in the prevention of local CIED infection in patients with a higher risk according to the PADIT score. In an effort to improve cost–benefit ratios, ration of use guided by the PADIT score is advocated. Further prospective randomized studies in high-risk populations are called for.
Young Adult Male Patients With Childhood-onset IBD Have Increased Risks of Compromised Cortical and Trabecular Bone Microstructures
Authors: Sigurdsson Gudmundur Vignir , Schmidt Susanne , Mellström Dan , Ohlsson Claes , Saalman Robert , Lorentzon Mattias 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Young adults with childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased risks of low areal bone mineral density and low skeletal muscle mass. Volumetric BMD (vBMD), bone geometry and microstructures, in addition to possible associations with skeletal muscle index (SMI) and physical exercise have been scarcely studied in this patient group.

Patients and methods
In total, 49 young adult male patients with childhood-onset IBD and 245 age- and height-matched young adult male controls were scanned with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Bone geometry, vBMD, and bone microstructures were calculated as median values and compared between the patients and controls. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine the independent associations among IBD diagnosis, SMI (kg/m2), and physical exercise.

Results
The group of young adult patients had, in comparison with the controls, significantly smaller median cortical area (126.1 mm2 vs151.1 mm2, P &lt; .001), lower median total vBMD (296.7 mg/cm3 vs 336.7 mg/cm3, P &lt; .001), and lower median cortical vBMD (854.4 mg/cm3 vs 878.5 mg/cm3, P &lt; .001). Furthermore, the patients compared with the controls had lower median trabecular volume fraction (16.8% vs 18.2%, P &lt; .001) and thinner median trabeculae (0.084 mm vs 0.089 mm, P &lt; .001). The differences between the patients with IBD and controls persisted in multivariable analyses that included adjustments for SMI and physical exercise.

Conclusions
Young adult men with childhood-onset IBD are at increased risk of having reduced bone quality in both the cortical and trabecular bone structures compared with normative matched controls.
Research on carbon emissions of urban residents’ three types of dining based on the whole life cycle
Authors: Zhao Zimo , Lv Xiuyuan , Wang Yuanhao , Lv Guangfeng , Miao Bo , Hu Qing , Ouyang Cheng , Liu Yukun , Yan Luhui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Following the promulgation and implementation of China’s ‘carbon peak’ and ‘carbon neutrality’ policies, the evaluation of the carbon footprint of the domestic catering industry is particularly important. Currently, comparative studies on the life-cycle carbon footprint of different common dining styles, such as home cooking, restaurant dining and takeaway, are scarce. Focused on three dining methods, this paper involved in-depth research on carbon footprint of the whole life cycle from the perspectives of whole industry and specific dish. The carbon footprint contribution of each stage of three different dining ways is obtained from the four stages, namely, the stage of upstream raw materials and manufactures, the stage of platform empowerment, the stage of consumer dining and the stage of waste treatment. The study found that the carbon emissions of the three dining ways in the overall industry analysis were canteen (2.9564 kgCO2e/per person) &gt; takeaway (2.4821 kgCO2e/per person) &gt; home cooking (2.2778 kgCO2e/per person); and the carbon emissions of honey sauce fork-fired were canteen (6.5843 kgCO2e/per person) &gt; home cooking (6.4721 kgCO2e/per person) &gt; takeaway (5.6718 kgCO2e/per person). The production of raw materials and products is the largest stage of carbon emissions among the three dining ways. Besides the carbon emissions of raw materials, the storage and cooking of food products are the unit processes with large carbon emissions. According to the results of sensitivity analysis, traffic travel mode is an important factor affecting the carbon footprint of canteen food. The above research can provide effective basis and data support for policy formulation.
Intestinal ischemia in a patient with vascular malformation: a recipe for disaster
Authors: Fuentes Germanico , Molina Gabriel A , Jiménez Marie A , Espinoza Sindy M , Lara A Gabriela , Enriquéz Juan J , Ayala Andres V , Jiménez Galo , Rubio Cristina B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anatomical variations of the celiac and mesenteric artery have been described over the past two centuries; many of these variations will have no clinical repercussions and will only be found incidentally or during imaging studies. However, these variations can lead to severe complications if undetected during surgery, transplantation or when they are affected by ischemia. Therefore, prompt treatment is needed to overcome these dangerous scenarios. We present the case of a 71-year-old patient who had a celiacomesenteric trunk and developed transient intestinal ischemia; however, he suffered severe acidosis and hyperlactatemia that ultimately led to organ failure and death.
Framework and content of energy transition in Southeast Asia with ASEAN and the EU
Authors: Huck Winfried , Maaß Jennifer , Sood Saparya , Benmaghnia Tahar , Heß Sarah Maylin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
According to the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, energy transition and globally collaborative solutions play a crucial role in mitigating or preferably preventing human-induced global warming. Factual, legal, security policy and economic determinants shape the field of energy use, energy transition as well as tied climate change policy. Both Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the EU, aware of this fact, are coordinating their endeavours to achieve a climate neutral future. This article discusses the energy transition in the ASEAN in the context of climate change considerations, the effects of this transition on people, and if and how the unique ASEAN way, law and economic governance in ASEAN are conducive to it. Here, the 45-year strategic partnership between ASEAN and the European Union (EU) provides opportunities to shape a socially just energy transition. The article shows which actors are affected by this transition, and which challenges and practical opportunities energy governance and the EU–ASEAN partnership offers. The article concludes that a long-termism approach is crucial in this regard to keep costs to a minimum by spurring concerted cooperation efforts to align and harmonize climate change goals, and ensuring a secure, sustainable energy supply. In particular, it is the absence of judicial control mechanisms for (private) actors, groups and individuals affected by the energy transition that precludes accountability and contradicts a path for extending and strengthening the fundamental concept of trust in informal governance structures in ASEAN. At the same time, it is argued that this also prevents an effective and efficient expansion of joint EU–ASEAN efforts, which for the time being, it seems, will remain political in nature with no assertive effect.
Can decaying dark matter scenarios alleviate both H0 and σ8 tensions?
Authors: Davari Zahra , Khosravi Nima 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Current tensions in cosmological parameters, including H0 and σ8, provide a strong reason to suspect the existence of physics beyond the standard model of cosmology (ΛCDM). In this work, we investigate whether there is a relation between these tensions and beyond cold dark matter (CDM) scenarios. To model non-cold dark matter, we assume decaying dark matter (DDM) that is unstable and may decay into two daughter particles, a combination of cold dark matter, warm dark matter (WDM), and dark radiation, to explore a vast era of possibilities. We check our model against CMB data and show that decaying dark matter does not seem a promising candidate to address cosmological tensions. As an exception to this, when DDM decays to CDM + WDM there are hints that H0 tension may be addressed.
Standardizing reverberation-measured C iv time-lag quasars, and using them with standardized Mg ii quasars to constrain cosmological parameters
Authors: Cao Shulei , Zajaček Michal , Panda Swayamtrupta , Martínez-Aldama Mary Loli , Czerny Bożena , Ratra Bharat 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We use 38 C iv quasar (QSO) reverberation-mapped observations, which span eight orders of magnitude in luminosity and the redshift range 0.001064 ≤ z ≤ 3.368, to simultaneously constrain cosmological-model and QSO radius–luminosity (R–L) relation parameters in six cosmological models, using an improved technique that more correctly accounts for the asymmetric errors bars of the time-lag measurements. We find that R–L relation parameters are independent of the cosmological models used in the analysis and so the R–L relation can be used to standardize the C iv QSOs. The C iv QSO cosmological constraints are consistent with those from Mg ii QSOs, allowing us to derive joint C iv + Mg ii QSO cosmological constraints which are consistent with currently accelerated cosmological expansion, as well as consistent with cosmological constraints derived using better-established baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and Hubble parameter [H(z)] measurements. When jointly analysed with H(z) + BAO data, current C iv + Mg ii QSO data mildly tighten current H(z) + BAO data cosmological constraints.
Three-point intrinsic alignments of dark matter haloes in the IllustrisTNG simulation
Authors: Pyne Susan , Tenneti Ananth , Joachimi Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We use the IllustrisTNG suite of cosmological simulations to measure intrinsic alignment (IA) bispectra of dark matter subhaloes between redshifts 0 and 1. We decompose the intrinsic shear field into E- and B- modes and find that the bispectra BδδE and BδEE, between the matter overdensity field, δ, and the E-mode field, are detected with high significance. We also model the IA bispectra analytically using a method consistent with the two-point non-linear alignment model. We use this model and the simulation measurements to infer the IA amplitude AIA and find that values of AIA obtained from IA power spectra and bispectra agree well at scales up to $k_\mathrm{max}= 2 \, h \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$. For example at z = 1, AIA = 2.13 ± 0.02 from the cross power spectrum between the matter overdensity and E-mode fields and AIA = 2.11 ± 0.03 from BδδE. This demonstrates that a single physically motivated model can jointly model two-point and three-point statistics of IAs, thus enabling a cleaner separation between IAs and cosmological weak lensing signals.
Rheumatologic associations of microscopic colitis: A narrative review
Authors: Le Christopher , Zeffren Noam , Kramer Neil , Rosenstein Elliot D 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are frequent complications of the classical inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. However, in addition to the classical diseases, there is a spectrum of conditions, often termed ‘microscopic colitis’ (MC), in which EIMs are less well described. Our objective was to review the literature regarding the EIMs complicating MC and describe their association with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. A comprehensive search and review of peer-reviewed English-language and international journals and reports was completed based on key terms, including ‘microscopic colitis’, ‘lymphocytic colitis’, ‘collagenous colitis’, ‘inflammatory bowel disease’, and ‘extraintestinal manifestations’, and the specific disease associations utilizing the PubMed Central database and MEDLINE. A broad spectrum of rheumatologic manifestations has been reported in patients with MC. The identification of rheumatoid arthritis and limited scleroderma as comorbidities with MC was noteworthy. Inflammatory arthropathy was frequently seen in MC, usually preceding or occurring in conjunction with the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms. A variety of presentations of associated arthritis were reported: migratory, symmetric or asymmetric, peripheral or axial, oligoarticular or polyarticular, and erosive or non-erosive. There was a high incidence of autoantibodies in these patients, supporting a potential autoimmune association. On the basis of these anecdotal reports, we would suggest the development of a clinical registry to help define the incidence of EIMs and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases among MC patients to help elucidate shared predispositions, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities.
Survey of Gravitationally lensed objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI). VIII. New galaxy-scale lenses from the HSC SSP
Authors: Wong Kenneth C , Chan James H H , Chao Dani C-Y , Jaelani Anton T , Kayo Issha , Lee Chien-Hsiu , More Anupreeta , Oguri Masamune 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We conduct a search for galaxy-scale strong gravitational lens systems in Data Release 4 of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC SSP), consisting of data taken up to the S21A semester. We select 103191 luminous red galaxies from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) sample that have deep multiband imaging from the HSC SSP and use the YattaLens algorithm to identify lens candidates with blue arc-like features automatically. The candidates are visually inspected and graded based on their likelihood of being a lens. We find eight definite lenses, 28 probable lenses, and 138 possible lenses. The new lens candidates generally have lens redshifts in the range 0.3 ≲ zL ≲ 0.9, a key intermediate redshift range to study the evolution of galaxy structure. Follow-up spectroscopy will confirm these new lenses and measure source redshifts to enable detailed lens modeling.