bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermoscopy as an efficient aid to diagnose pigmentary and vascular component of periorbital melanosis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chhabra Namrata , Khare Soumil , Sachdev Divya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionPeriorbital melanosis (POM) has a significant impact on quality of life. There is a dearth of literature regarding POM, especially in Asian population. Accurate classification of POM is contributory to the choice of therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the role of dermoscopy in etiologic classification of POM.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty adult patients (age > 18 years) of POM were enrolled over a period of 2 years. POM was classified clinically and re‐evaluated based on their dermoscopic findings (pattern of pigmentary and vascular involvement, surface changes).ResultsPigmented, vascular, structural, and mixed types of POM represented 6.4%, 4.8%, 0.4%, and 88.4%, respectively. Dermoscopy was found to be statistically more accurate in classifying pigmentary and vascular types of POM as compared to clinical examination with the naked eyes (p‐ value <0.05). Patchy or post‐inflammatory pigmentation was the most common pigmentary pattern on dermoscopy (53.8%) followed by pseudoreticular (37.1%) and mixed pattern (9.1%). 80.4% patients had vascular involvement of which the most common vascular pattern was telangiectasia (58.8%). Wrinkling or increased skin laxity as a cause of shadow effect was found in 52% patients. Diffuse erythema and scaling suggestive of subtle inflammation was detected in 47.6% patients on dermoscopy.ConclusionDermoscopy as a diagnostic modality is more accurate in detecting pigmentary and vascular causes of POM and subtle signs of active inflammation in the form of erythema and scaling which is difficult to detect clinically. The major limitations of this study were lack of correlation of dermoscopic findings with the histological findings and the absence of any control group for comparison.
Simvastatin cream alleviates dermal fibrosis in a rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model
Authors: Dolivo David , Rodrigues Adrian , Sun Lauren , Hou Chun , Li Yingxing , Chung Eugene , Leung Kai , Galiano Robert , Mustoe Thomas , Hong Seok Jong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic scars (HTS) result from injury to the skin and represent a clinical burden with limited treatment options. Previously, we demonstrated that statin drugs could attenuate HTS formation, but convenient topical delivery and retention of these drugs at the wound site remains a challenge.AimsHere, we aimed to develop a topical cream formulation that can deliver statin drugs simply and conveniently to reduce scar hypertrophy.MethodsWe formulated creams containing 10% pravastatin, 2% simvastatin, and 10% simvastatin. We tested these creams for their ability to reduce scar hypertrophy and attenuate dermal fibrosis in a clinically relevant HTS wound model performed in rabbit ear skin. We also monitored trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) over the course of wound healing in order to understand the effects of statin treatment on epidermal barrier recovery.ResultsOf the three creams formulated, only application of 10% simvastatin cream significantly attenuated hypertrophy of resultant scars compared with vehicle cream application. Application of 10% simvastatin cream resulted in a decrease in macrophage and myofibroblast density at post‐operative day 28 (POD28) harvest. Application of 10% simvastatin cream resulted in visible symptoms of dryness and increased TEWL at POD28, but subsequent withdrawal of statin cream treatment resulted in rapid alleviation of dryness and decrease in TEWL back to normal levels.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that topical administration of 10% simvastatin cream antagonizes dermal fibrosis and reduces hypertrophy in an HTS model, and withdrawal of the cream enables recovery of epidermal barrier and resolution of skin dryness.
Predictive accuracy of the shock index for severe postpartum hemorrhage in high‐income countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Makino Yuto , Miyake Kentaro , Okada Asami , Ikeda Yumie , Okada Yohei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe shock index has been suggested as a screening tool for predicting postpartum hemorrhage (PPH); however, there is little comprehensive evidence regarding its predictive accuracy. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to investigate the predictive accuracy of the shock index for severe PPH in high‐income countries.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted on MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science (from inception to June 2021). Studies assessing the predictive performance of the shock index for PPH in high‐income countries were included. Two or more reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias and applicability concerns using the modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. PPH requiring higher‐level care, such as blood transfusions, were considered as primary analyses. We described the hierarchical summary receiver‐operating characteristic curve for data synthesis.ResultsNine studies were included after the eligibility assessment. All studies were considered to either have a high risk of bias or high applicability concerns. The sensitivity of the four studies that defined severe PPH as PPH requiring blood transfusion ranged from 0.51 to 0.80, whereas their specificity ranged from 0.33 to 0.92.ConclusionsThis review shows that the predictive performance of the shock index for severe PPH is inconsistent. Therefore, the evidence for using the shock index alone as a screening tool for PPH in high‐income countries is insufficient.Study registrationThis review was prospectively registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000044230).
The efficacy of misoprostol in reducing intraoperative blood loss in women undergoing elective cesarean section. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Maged Ahmed M. , Wali Ahmed A. , Metwally Ahmed A. , Salah Noha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of misoprostol to minimized blood loss during and after cesarean delivery (CD).Search StrategyScreening of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to February 2021 using the keywords related to misoprostol, CD, postpartum hemorrhage, and intraoperative blood loss and their MeSH terms.Selection criteriaOnly RCTs were included. Participants included women undergoing CD whether elective or selective. Thirty studies including 6593 women, 26 in English, 2 in Thai, 1 in French, and 1 in Chinese.Data Collection and AnalysisData from all selected studies were extracted independently by two authors. Data extracted included location of the trial, sample size, inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants characteristics, intervention details including timing, dose, and route of drug administration. Outcomes assessed included estimated intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage, the need for additional uterotonics, and hemoglobin difference.Main ResultsFour studies (968 women) compared preoperative to postoperative misoprostol and found a mean difference in intraoperative blood loss of −205.00 (−339.22, −70.77), p = 0.003 and in postoperative blood loss −216.27 (−347.08, −85.46), p < 0.001 and a significantly lower need for additional uterotonics with a risk ratio of 0.54 (0.46, 0.64), p < 0.00001. Twenty‐two studies (4701 participants) compared misoprostol to oxytocin. There was a mean difference in intraoperative blood loss of −108.43 (−156.04, −60.82), p < 0.0001. Nine of these trials with 1978 participants evaluated postoperative blood loss. These found a mean difference of −64.12 (−116.19, −12.04) with a p = 0.02. Fourteen trials with 3166 participants measured the difference between preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin. These found a mean difference of −0.25 (−0.35, −0.15) with a p < 0.001. Twenty trials with 4416 participants measured the need for administration of additional uterotonics. These found a risk ratio of 0.62 (0.49, 0.78) with a p value of <0.001.ConclusionThe combined use of misoprostol and oxytocin during CD is effective in reducing blood loss during and after CD.
Melatonin may suppress lung adenocarcinoma progression via regulation of the circular noncoding RNA hsa_circ_0017109/miR‐135b‐3p/TOX3 axis
Authors: Wang Yuanyong , Wang Zhaoyang , Shao Changjian , Lu Guofang , Xie Mei , Wang Jian , Duan Hongtao , Li Xiaofei , Yu Wanpeng , Duan Weixun , Yan Xiaolong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMelatonin is a hormone synthesized in the pineal gland and has widespread physiological and pharmacological functions. Moreover, it can activate protective receptor‐dependent processes. These processes can prevent tissue carcinogenesis and inhibit malignant tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, we investigated the regulatory effects of melatonin on dysregulated circular RNAs in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. In this study, we treated LUAD cells with melatonin and measured the expression of hsa_circ_0017109, miR‐135b‐3p, and TOX3 by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Colony formation and cell counting kit‐8 assays were used to determine cell proliferation. The wound‐healing assay and Transwell experiment were carried out to evaluate the migration potential and invasive capacity of LUAD cells. Also, cell apoptosis was detected using a cell apoptosis kit, and protein production was identified by Western blot. It was suggested that melatonin could inhibit LUAD progression in vivo and in vitro, and the role of TOX3 in this process was explored. Additionally, hsa_circ_0017109 was found to sponge miR‐135b‐3p, a downstream factor of circ_0017109, which was demonstrated to target TOX3 in LUAD cells and could promote the Hippo pathway and epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathway. To summarize, we demonstrated that melatonin decreases the expression of circ_0017109 and suppresses the non‐small‐cell lung cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation through decreasing TOX3 expression via direct activation of miR‐135b‐3p.
Effects of periodontal and bisphosphonate treatment on the gingival crevicular levels of sclerostin and dickkopf‐1 in postmenopausal osteoporosis with and without periodontitis
Authors: Ozden Feyza Otan , Demir Esra , Lutfioglu Müge , Acarel Elif Eser , Bilgici Birsen , Atmaca Aysegül 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjective and BackgroundBoth periodontitis and osteoporosis are associated with osteoclast‐related bone resorption. Bone metabolism is regulated by wingless‐type MMTV integration site family (WNT), and WNT/β‐catenin signals are controlled by physiological antagonists including dickkopf‐1 (DKK‐1) and sclerostin (SOST). This study examined the effects of periodontal and bisphosphonate (BP) treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sclerostin (SOST) and dickkopf‐related protein‐1 (DKK‐1) levels in osteoporotic and systemically healthy postmenopausal women with and without periodontitis.Materials and MethodsA total of 48 postmenopausal women were divided into 4 groups (n = 12) according to periodontal health and osteoporosis status, as follows: Group OP/P: subjects with both osteoporosis and periodontitis; Group P: systemically healthy subjects with periodontitis; Group OP: periodontally healthy subjects with osteoporosis; Group H: systemically and periodontally healthy controls. Clinical data and GCF SOST and DKK‐1 levels of the participants were collected at baseline and at 6 and 12 months following the initiation of periodontal and/or BP treatment in the experimental groups. GCF SOST and DKK‐1 data were obtained by ELISA.ResultsClinical improvements were observed in all experimental groups. GCF SOST and DKK1 baseline levels varied significantly between groups due to periodontal disease (p < .001). Following treatment, significant increases in SOST and DKK‐1 concentrations and significant decreases in total amounts of SOST were observed in both periodontitis groups (OP/P, P). However, while total amounts of DKK‐1 decreased in Group OP/P, in Group P, these amounts had significantly increased at 12 months post‐treatment (p < .05). At both 6 and 12 months post‐treatment, SOST and DDK1 total amounts in Groups OP/P, OP, and H were similar (p > .05), whereas significant differences were observed between Groups H and P, indicating a deviation from periodontal health in Group P (p < .01).ConclusionsSignificant changes in GCF SOST and DKK‐1 levels were observed among women with osteoporosis who received both periodontal and BP treatment. A more detailed examination of how these treatment protocols can be combined may lead to new therapeutic approaches towards periodontal disease.
Neuronal‐spiking‐based closed‐loop stimulation during corticalON‐ andOFF‐states in freely moving mice
Authors: Kahn Martin , Krone Lukas B. , Blanco‐Duque Cristina , Guillaumin Mathilde C. C. , Mann Edward O. , Vyazovskiy Vladyslav V. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe slow oscillation is a central neuronal dynamic during sleep, and is generated by alternating periods of high and low neuronal activity (ON‐ and OFF‐states). Mounting evidence causally links the slow oscillation to sleep's functions, and it has recently become possible to manipulate the slow oscillation non‐invasively and phase‐specifically. These developments represent promising clinical avenues, but they also highlight the importance of improving our understanding of how ON/OFF‐states affect incoming stimuli and what role they play in neuronal plasticity. Most studies using closed‐loop stimulation rely on the electroencephalogram and local field potential signals, which reflect neuronal ON‐ and OFF‐states only indirectly. Here we develop an online detection algorithm based on spiking activity recorded from laminar arrays in mouse motor cortex. We find that online detection of ON‐ and OFF‐states reflects specific phases of spontaneous local field potential slow oscillation. Our neuronal‐spiking‐based closed‐loop procedure offers a novel opportunity for testing the functional role of slow oscillation in sleep‐related restorative processes and neural plasticity.
Immunogenicity and safety of a third dose of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 BNT16b2 vaccine in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Toniutto Pierluigi , Cussigh Annarosa , Cmet Sara , Bitetto Davide , Fornasiere Ezio , Fumolo Elisa , Fabris Martina , D'Aurizio Federica , Fabris Carlo , Grillone Lucrezia , Sartor Assunta , Curcio Francesco , Falleti Edmondo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground & aimsA strategy to improve the low rate of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine‐induced immunogenicity in liver transplant recipients (LTs) is urgently needed.MethodsWe analysed the rate of positive (≥0.8 U/ml) anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor domain‐binding protein (RBD) antibody response 2 months after a third dose of the BNT16b2 vaccine in 107 LTs who completed the second vaccine dose 7 months earlier.ResultsA positive anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐s‐RBD antibody response after the third vaccine dose was detected in 98 (91.6%) LTs compared to 82 (76.6%) after the second vaccine dose (p = .003). The median of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD antibody titres increased from 22.9 U/ml 6 months after the second to 3500 U/ml 2 months after the third vaccine dose (p < .001). Fourteen (14.3%) responder patients presented antibody titres <100 U/ml, 57 (58.2%) between 100 and 9999 U/ml and 27 (27.6%) ≥10 000 U/ml. Seropositivity after the second dose was maintained after the third dose. Independent predictors of antibody response failure after the third vaccine dose were taking a higher daily dose of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, p < .001) and had a lower (<60 ml/min/1.73 m2) estimated glomerular filtration rate (p = .007). Nine (9.1%) LTs experienced symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection after the third vaccine dose. Median antibody titres were not statistically different between infected and not infected LTs (1325 vs 3515 U/ml, p = .678).ConclusionsThe third dose of the BNT16b2 vaccine increased the number of LTs who developed a positive anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 s‐RBD antibody response. A proportion of patients remained unresponsive, mainly for modifiable factors, such as the use of MMF or multiple immunosuppressants.
Gastrointestinal symbiont diversity in wild gorilla: A comparison of bacterial and strongylid communities across multiple localities
Authors: Mason Bethan , Petrzelkova Klara J. , Kreisinger Jakub , Bohm Torsten , Cervena Barbora , Fairet Emilie , Fuh Terence , Gomez Andres , Knauf Sascha , Maloueki Ulrich , Modry David , Shirley Matthew H. , Tagg Nikki , Wangue Nadege , Pafco Barbora 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWestern lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are Critically Endangered and show continued population decline. Consequently, pressure is mounting to better understand their conservation threats and ecology. Gastrointestinal symbionts, such as bacterial and eukaryotic communities, are believed to play vital roles in the physiological landscape of the host. Gorillas host a broad spectrum of eucaryotes, so called parasites, with strongylid nematodes being particularly prevalent. While these communities are partially consistent, they are also shaped by various ecological factors, such as diet or habitat type. To investigate gastrointestinal symbionts of wild western lowland gorillas, we analysed 215 faecal samples from individuals in five distinct localities across the Congo Basin, using high‐throughput sequencing techniques. We describe the gut bacterial microbiome and genetic diversity of strongylid communities, including strain‐level identification of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). We identified strongylid ASVs from eight genera and bacterial ASVs from 20 phyla. We compared these communities across localities, with reference to varying environmental factors among populations, finding differences in alpha diversity and community compositions of both gastrointestinal components. Moreover, we also investigated covariation between strongylid nematodes and the bacterial microbiome, finding correlations between strongylid taxa and Prevotellaceae and Rikenellaceae ASVs that were consistent across multiple localities. Our research highlights the complexity of the bacterial microbiome and strongylid communities in several gorilla populations and emphasizes potential interactions between these two symbiont communities. This study provides a framework for ongoing research into strongylid nematode diversity, and their interactions with the bacterial microbiome, among great apes.
Community assembly and metaphylogeography of soil biodiversity: Insights from haplotype‐level communityDNAmetabarcoding within an oceanic island
Authors: Andújar Carmelo , Arribas Paula , López Heriberto , Arjona Yurena , Pérez‐Delgado Antonio , Oromí Pedro , Vogler Alfried P. , Emerson Brent C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost of our understanding of island diversity comes from the study of aboveground systems, while the patterns and processes of diversification and community assembly for belowground biotas remain poorly understood. Here, we take advantage of a relatively young and dynamic oceanic island to advance our understanding of ecoevolutionary processes driving community assembly within soil mesofauna. Using whole organism community DNA (wocDNA) metabarcoding and the recently developed metaMATE pipeline, we have generated spatially explicit and reliable haplotype‐level DNA sequence data for soil mesofaunal assemblages sampled across the four main habitats within the island of Tenerife. Community ecological and metaphylogeographic analyses have been performed at multiple levels of genetic similarity, from haplotypes to species and supraspecific groupings. Broadly consistent patterns of local‐scale species richness across different insular habitats have been found, whereas local insular richness is lower than in continental settings. Our results reveal an important role for niche conservatism as a driver of insular community assembly of soil mesofauna, with only limited evidence for habitat shifts promoting diversification. Furthermore, support is found for a fundamental role of habitat in the assembly of soil mesofauna, where habitat specialism is mainly due to colonization and the establishment of preadapted species. Hierarchical patterns of distance decay at the community level and metaphylogeographical analyses support a pattern of geographic structuring over limited spatial scales, from the level of haplotypes through to species and lineages, as expected for taxa with strong dispersal limitations. Our results demonstrate the potential for wocDNA metabarcoding to advance our understanding of biodiversity.
Gene flow, genomic homogenization and the timeline to speciation in Amazonian manakins
Authors: Barrera‐Guzmán Alfredo O. , Aleixo Alexandre , Faccio Maya , Dantas Sidnei de Melo , Weir Jason T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhylogeographical studies of the most species‐rich region of the planet—the Amazon basin—have repeatedly uncovered genetically distinctive, allopatric lineages within currently named species, but understanding whether such lineages are reproductively isolated species is challenging. Here we harness the power of genome‐wide data sets together with detailed phylogeographical sampling to both characterize the number of unique lineages and infer levels of reproductive isolation for three parapatric manakin species that make up the genus Pipra. The mitochondrial and nuclear genomes both support six distinctive lineages. The youngest lineages are now highly admixed with each other across major portions of their geographical ranges with one lineage now extinct in a genomically unadmixed state. In contrast, the oldest sets of lineages—dated to 1.4 million years—exhibit narrow hybrid zones. By fitting demographic models to parapatric lineage pairs we found that levels of gene flow and genomic homogenization decline with increasing evolutionary age. Only lineages descending from the basal node at 1.4 million years ago in the genus experience negligible gene flow, possess genomes resistant to homogenization and are separated by narrow hybrid zones. We conclude that a million years or more were required for Pipra manakins to become reproductively isolated. We suggest the six lineages be reclassified as two or three reproductively isolated species. Our unique approach to quantifying reproductive isolation in parapatric lineages could be applied broadly to other phylogeographical studies and would help determine species classification of the plethora of newly identified lineages in the Amazon basin and other regions.