bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the normal reference value of the longitudinal left atrial strain by three dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Mohseni-Badalabadi Reza , Mirjalili Tayebeh , Jalali Arash , Davarpasand Tahereh , Hosseinsabet Ali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe normal reference value of the global longitudinal left atrial strain during the reservoir phase (LASr) by 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) is needed to define the abnormal and normal spectra and to compare and interpret the obtained values. The present study is a meta-analysis of 3DSTE-derived normal reference value of the longitudinal LASr and an attempt to determine probable contributing factors in the variations of reported ranges. The databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched for the following keywordS: “Left atrial/left atrium” and “strain/speckle/deformation” and "three-dimensional/3-dimensional/three dimensional/3 dimensional/three dimension/3 dimension/three-dimension/3-dimension/3D/3-D". The studies selected included those on adult healthy subjects without cardiovascular risk factors. A random-effect model was used to calculate the global 3DSTE-derived longitudinal LASr, and meta-regression was applied to determine inter-study heterogeneity. Our search yielded 316 adult subjects from 5 studies. The mean value of the global 3DSTE-derived longitudinal LASr was 27.5% (95% CI, 25.2–29.8%). There was significant heterogeneity between the studies. The meta-regression analysis revealed the publication year, the heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure as the sources of heterogeneity. The current meta-analysis determined a normal reference value of the global 3DSTE-derived longitudinal LASr of 27.5% (95% CI, 25.2–29.8%). The heterogeneity between studies may be explained by the publication year, the heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Sleeping neonates track transitional probabilities in speech but only retain the first syllable of words
Authors: Fló Ana , Benjamin Lucas , Palu Marie , Dehaene-Lambertz Ghislaine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtracting statistical regularities from the environment is a primary learning mechanism that might support language acquisition. While it has been shown that infants are sensitive to transition probabilities between syllables in speech, it is still not known what information they encode. Here we used electrophysiology to study how full-term neonates process an artificial language constructed by randomly concatenating four pseudo-words and what information they retain after a few minutes of exposure. Neural entrainment served as a marker of the regularities the brain was tracking during learning. Then in a post-learning phase, evoked-related potentials (ERP) to different triplets explored which information was retained. After two minutes of familiarization with the artificial language, neural entrainment at the word rate emerged, demonstrating rapid learning of the regularities. ERPs in the test phase significantly differed between triplets starting or not with the correct first syllables, but no difference was associated with subsequent violations in transition probabilities. Thus, our results revealed a two-step learning process: neonates segmented the stream based on its statistical regularities, but memory encoding targeted during the word recognition phase entangled the ordinal position of the syllables but was still incomplete at that age.
Studies on anti-rabphilin-3A antibodies in 15 consecutive patients presenting with central diabetes insipidus at a single referral center
Authors: Arihara Zenei , Sakurai Kanako , Niitsuma Satsuki , Sato Ryota , Yamada Shozo , Inoshita Naoko , Iwata Naoko , Fujisawa Haruki , Watanabe Takashi , Suzuki Atsushi , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Sugimura Yoshihisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCentral diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare condition caused by various underlying diseases including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and neoplasms. Obtaining an accurate definitive diagnosis of the underlying cause of CDI is difficult. Recently, anti-rabphilin-3A antibodies were demonstrated to be a highly sensitive and specific marker of lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis (LINH). Here, we report a detailed case series, and evaluated the significance of anti-rabphilin-3A antibodies in differentiating the etiologies of CDI. A prospective analysis was conducted in 15 consecutive patients with CDI from 2013 to 2020 at a single referral center. Anti-rabphilin-3A antibodies were measured and the relationship between antibody positivity and the clinical/histopathological diagnoses was evaluated. Among 15 CDI patients, the positive anti-rabphilin-3A antibodies were found in 4 of 5 LINH cases, 3 of 4 lymphocytic panhypophysitis (LPH) cases, one of 2 sarcoidosis cases, and one intracranial germinoma case, respectively. Two Rathke cleft cyst cases and one craniopharyngioma case were negative. This is the first report of anti-rabphilin-3A antibodies positivity in CDI patients with biopsy-proven LPH. Measurement of anti-rabphilin-3A antibodies may be valuable for differentiating CDI etiologies.
Improved PBFT algorithm for high-frequency trading scenarios of alliance blockchain
Authors: Tang Song , Wang Zhiqiang , Jiang Jian , Ge Suli , Tan GaiFang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the continuous development of blockchain technology, the application scenarios of alliance blockchain are also increasing. The consensus algorithm can achieve distributed consensus among nodes in the network. At present, the practical byzantine fault tolerance algorithm (PBFT) consensus algorithm commonly used in alliance blockchain requires all nodes in the network to participate in the consensus process. Experiments show that when the number of consensus nodes in the system exceeds 100, the bandwidth consumption and consensus delay will greatly increase, resulting in the inability of PBFT to be applied. In scenes with many nodes. How to improve the performance of alliance blockchains safely and efficiently has become an urgent problem to be solved at present. For the PBFT commonly used in alliance blockchains, there are some problems, such as large communication overhead, simple selection of master nodes, and inability to expand and exit nodes dynamically in the network. This paper proposes an improved algorithm tPBFT (trust-based practical Byzantine algorithm), which is suitable for high-frequency trading scenarios of consortium chains. By introducing a trust equity scoring mechanism between nodes in the network, the list of consensus nodes can be dynamically adjusted. tPBFT simplifies the pre-prepare stage of the PBFT consensus process, and realizes the verification of the hash transaction list in the reply stage, thereby reducing the interaction overhead between network nodes. Theoretical analysis and experiments show that when the number of nodes in the network is greater than 30, with the further increase of the number of nodes, the improved tPBFT algorithm has a relatively large performance in terms of node communication overhead, consensus efficiency and scalability outperforms the PBFT algorithm.
Direct observation of ferroelectricity in two-dimensional MoS2
Authors: Lipatov Alexey , Chaudhary Pradeep , Guan Zhao , Lu Haidong , Li Gang , Crégut Olivier , Dorkenoo Kokou Dodzi , Proksch Roger , Cherifi-Hertel Salia , Shao Ding-Fu , Tsymbal Evgeny Y. , Íñiguez Jorge , Sinitskii Alexander , Gruverman Alexei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent theoretical predictions of ferroelectricity in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials reveal exciting possibilities for their use in scalable low-power electronic devices with polarization-dependent functionalities. These prospects have been further invigorated by the experimental evidence of the polarization response in some transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs)—a group of narrow-band semiconductors and semimetals with a wealth of application potential. Among the TMCs, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is known as one of the most promising and robust 2D electronic materials. However, in spite of theoretical predictions, no ferroelectricity has been experimentally detected in MoS2, while the emergence of this property could enhance its potential for electronics applications. Here, we report the experimental observation of a stable room-temperature out-of-plane polarization ordering in 2D MoS2 layers, where polarization switching is realized by mechanical pressure induced by a tip of a scanning probe microscope. Using this approach, we create the bi-domain polarization states, which exhibit different piezoelectric activity, second harmonic generation, surface potential, and conductivity. Ferroelectric MoS2 belongs to the distorted trigonal structural 1T” phase, where a spontaneous polarization is inferred by its P3m1 space-group symmetry and corroborated by theoretical modeling. Experiments on the flipped flakes reveal that the 1T”-MoS2 samples consist of the monolayers with randomly alternating polarization orientation, which form stable but switchable “antipolar” head-to-head or tail-to-tail dipole configurations. Mechanically written domains are remarkably stable facilitating the application of 1T”-MoS2 in flexible memory and electromechanical devices.
Magnetization-driven Lifshitz transition and charge-spin coupling in the kagome metal YMn6Sn6
Authors: Siegfried Peter E. , Bhandari Hari , Jones David C. , Ghimire Madhav P. , Dally Rebecca L. , Poudel Lekh , Bleuel Markus , Lynn Jeffrey W. , Mazin Igor I. , Ghimire Nirmal J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Fermi surface (FS) is essential for understanding the properties of metals. It can change under both conventional symmetry-breaking phase transitions and Lifshitz transitions (LTs), where the FS, but not the crystal symmetry, changes abruptly. Magnetic phase transitions involving uniformly rotating spin textures are conventional in nature, requiring strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) to influence the FS topology and generate measurable properties. LTs driven by a continuously varying magnetization are rarely discussed. Here we present two such manifestations in the magnetotransport of the kagome magnet YMn6Sn6: one caused by changes in the magnetic structure and another by a magnetization-driven LT. The former yields a 10% magnetoresistance enhancement without a strong SOC, while the latter a 45% reduction in the resistivity. These phenomena offer a unique view into the interplay of magnetism and electronic topology, and for understanding the rare-earth counterparts, such as TbMn6Sn6, recently shown to harbor correlated topological physics.
The Role of Attention, Language Ability, and Language Experience in Children's Artificial Grammar Learning
Authors: Crespo Kimberly , Kaushanskaya Margarita 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The current study examined the role of attention and language ability in nonverbal rule induction performance in a demographically diverse sample of school-age children.

Method:
The participants included 43 English-speaking monolingual and 65 Spanish–English bilingual children between the ages of 5 and 9 years. Core Language Index standard scores from the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition indexed children's language skills. Rule induction was measured via a visual artificial grammar learning task. Two equally complex finite-state artificial grammars were used. Children learned one grammar in a low attention condition (where children were exposed to symbol sequences with no distractors) and another grammar in a high attention condition (where distractor symbols were presented around the perimeter of the target symbol sequences).

Results:
Overall, performance in the high attention condition was significantly worse than performance in the low attention condition. Children with robust language skills performed significantly better in the high attention condition than children with weaker language skills. Despite group differences in socioeconomic status, English language skills, and nonverbal intelligence, monolingual and bilingual children performed similarly to each other in both conditions.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that the ability to extract rules from visual input is attenuated by the presence of competing visual information and that language ability, but not bilingualism, may influence rule induction.
Pathways From Preschool Language Difficulties to School-Age Internalizing Problems
Authors: Helland Siri Saugestad , Røysamb Espen , Schjølberg Synnve , Øksendal Elise , Gustavson Kristin 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
Early language difficulties are associated with later internalizing problems across different ages and for different aspects of language. The mechanisms behind this association are, however, less understood. In the current study, we investigated longitudinal associations between language difficulties at 5 years and internalizing problems at 6 years. We also examined emotion regulation, empathy, assertiveness, and social engagement at 6 years as possible pathways for this association.

Method:

A subsample from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) was used (
N
= 928). Structural equation models were developed to test the longitudinal associations and indirect pathways between language and internalizing problems.

Results:

The results showed high stability for internalizing problems from 5 to 6 years (β = .59,
p
< .001). Furthermore, semantic language difficulties predicted change in internalizing problems (β = .12,
p
< .001). Finally, the path between semantic language and internalizing problems was partially mediated by social engagement and emotion regulation, with the indirect pathways accounting for 55% of the initial association. For girls, there was a significantly stronger correlation (
p
< .05) between semantic language difficulties and internalizing problems at baseline (
r
= .30,
p
< .001) than for boys (
r
= .16,
p
< .001). Otherwise, there were no sex differences.

Conclusions:
Indirect pathways from language difficulties to internalizing problems were identified through social engagement and emotion regulation. The results may guide targets for intervention in groups of children with language difficulties at risk for developing internalizing problems.
Categorization model of moving small-scale intensity enhancements in solar active regions
Authors: Shergelashvili B. M. , Philishvili E. , Buitendag S. , Poedts S. , Khodachenko M. 
Published: March 2022

Context.The small-scale moving intensity enhancements remotely observed in the extreme ultraviolet images of the solar active regions, which we refer to as active region moving campfires (ARMCs), are related to local plasma temperature and/or density enhancements. Their dynamics is driven by the physical processes in the entire coronal plasma. Our previous study of ARMCs indicates that they have characteristic velocities at around the background sound speed. In the present paper, we further investigate the dynamical and statistical properties of ARMCs.Aims.The main goal of our work is to carry out a simultaneous analysis of EUV images from two observational missions, SDO/AIA and Hi-C 2.1. The aims of the performed cross-validating analysis of both SDO/AIA and Hi-C 2.1 data were to reveal how the observed moving features are distributed over the studied active region, AR12712, and to perform a statistical hypothesis test of the existence of different groups of ARMCs with distinct physical characteristics.Methods.We use the statistical model of intensity centroid convergence and tracking that was developed in our previous paper. Furthermore, a Gaussian mixture model fit of the observed complex of moving ARMCs is elaborated to reveal the existence of distinct ARMC groups and to study the physical characteristics of these different groups.Results.In data from the 171 Å, 193 Å and 211 Å channels of SDO/AIA, we identified several groups of ARMCs with respect to both blob intensity and velocity profiles. The existence of such groups is confirmed by the cross-validation of the 172 Å data sets from Hi-C 2.1.Conclusions.The ARMCs studied in this paper have characteristic velocities in the range of the typical sound speeds in coronal loops. Hence, these moving objects differ from the well-known rapid Alfvénic velocity jets from magnetic reconnection sites. This is also proven by the fact that ARMCs propagate along the active region magnetic structure (strands). The nature of the discovered statistical grouping of the ARMC events is not known. Further theoretical studies and modeling is required to reveal this nature.
Doppler shifts of spectral lines formed in the solar transition region and corona
Authors: Chen Yajie , Peter Hardi , Przybylski Damien , Tian Hui , Zhang Jiale 
Published: March 2022

Context. Emission lines formed in the transition region and corona dominantly show redshifts and blueshifts, respectively.
Aims. We investigate the Doppler shifts in a 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of the quiet Sun and compare these to observed properties. We concentrate on Si IV 1394 Å originating in the transition region and examine the Doppler shifts of several other spectral lines at different formation temperatures.
Methods. We constructed a radiation MHD model extending from the upper convection zone to the lower corona using the MURaM code. In this quiet Sun model, the magnetic field is self-consistently maintained by the action of a small-scale dynamo in the convection zone, and it is extrapolated to the corona as an initial condition. We synthesized the profiles of several optically thin emission lines, which formed at temperatures from the transition region into the corona. We investigated the spatial structure and coverage of redshifts and blueshifts and how this changes with the line-formation temperature.
Results. The model successfully reproduces the observed change of average net Doppler shifts from redshifted to blueshifted from the transition region into the corona. In particular, the model shows a clear imbalance of area coverage of redshifts versus blueshifts in the transition region of ca. 80% to 20%, even though it is even a bit larger on the real Sun. We determine that (at least) four processes generate the systematic Doppler shifts in our model, including pressure enhancement in the transition region, transition region brightenings unrelated to coronal emission, boundaries between cold and hot plasma, and siphon-type flows.
Conclusions. We show that there is not a single process that is responsible for the observed net Doppler shifts in the transition region and corona. Because current 3D MHD models do not yet fully capture the evolution of spicules, which is one of the key ingredients of the chromosphere, most probably these have yet to be added to the list of processes responsible for the persistent Doppler shifts.
Ein konsequenter Ansatz, um endlich konservativ erfolgreich das Gewicht zu reduzieren
Authors: von Lilienfeld-Toal Hermann , von Lilienfeld-Toal Anna 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungErfolgreiche Maßnahmen zur Gewichtsreduktion sollten die Langzeitergebnisse bisheriger konservativer Interventionen übertreffen. Dies lässt sich nur dann langfristig umsetzen, wenn an den „falschen“, sprich insulinogenen Kohlenhydrat-Kalorien gespart wird und stattdessen mehr Protein- und Fettkalorien sowie Ballaststoffe auf den Teller kommen – und dies kombiniert mit Aufklärung und psychotherapeutischer Begleitung.
Hyponatriämie beim alten Patienten – Bedeutung, Abklärung und Therapie
Authors: Gosch Markus 
Published: March 2022

Was ist neu?
Prävalenz und Bedeutung der Hyponatriämie In der Allgemeinbevölkerung findet sich eine Prävalenz der milden, meist asymptomatischen Hyponatriämie von 1,7–7,7 %. Mit zunehmendem Alter steigt diese auf 11,6 % bei den > 75-Jährigen an. Wesentlich höher liegt die Prävalenz bei Altenheimbewohnern und Krankenhauspatienten. Die Hyponatriämie stellt damit die häufigste Elektrolytstörung im Alter dar.
Pathopyhsiologie Pathophysiologisch liegt kein Natriummangel, sondern eine Störung des Wasserhaushaltes zugrunde. Die Substitution von Natrium allein ist daher nicht zielführend, teils kontraindiziert. Häufig verursachen Medikamente eine Hyponatriämie.
SIADH Aufgrund der multifaktoriellen Genese der Hyponatriämie sollte bei allen Patienten eine Basisabklärung durchführen, um ein SIADH (Syndrom der inadäquaten ADH-Sekretion) auszuschließen. Gerade im Alter findet man immer wieder Fälle eines intermittierenden SIADH.
Die Abklärung Für die Abklärung hat sich ein Algorithmus bewährt, der es in wenigen und einfachen Schritten ermöglicht, die Ursache zu erkennen und dabei gleichzeitig in die korrekten therapeutischen Schritte überzuleiten.
Grundlagen der Therapie Ziel muss ein Serumnatrium im Normbereich sein. Nur so lassen sich die Prognose und die Funktionalität der alten Patienten verbessern. Für den SIADH haben wir mit Tolvaptan eine potente Substanz zur Verfügung. Um die Gefahr einer Überkorrektur rechtzeitig erkennen zu können, sollte die Einstellung im stationären Setting erfolgen.
Parkinson-Syndrom
Authors: Ceballos-Baumann Andres 
Published: March 2022

Was ist neu?
Klinik Die Prävalenz des idiopathischen Parkinson Syndroms (IPS) wird sich bis 2030 verdoppeln. Das IPS ist nicht mehr als eine in sich geschlossene Krankheitsentität zu betrachten. Monogenetische Formen können klinisch identisch zu dem sporadischen IPS erscheinen. Eine Mutation im Glucozerebrosidase-Gen lässt sich bei > 5 % der Patienten nachweisen und steigert das Risiko an Parkinson zu erkranken um 8–20-mal.
COVID-19 Die Corona-Pandemie hat zu einer Verschlechterung der Symptomatik vieler Parkinson-Patienten geführt. In der Zeit hat man gelernt, dass Videosprechstunden sich für die Betreuung von Parkinson-Patienten eignen. Auch die motorischen Symptome sind gut zu beurteilen.
Pharmakotherapie Die schon Jahrzehnte bestehende Kontroverse, ob der Einsatz von Levodopa hinausgezögert werden sollte, bildete erneut den Hintergrund einer aufwendigen Studie. Bei Vergleich zwischen frühem versus verzögerten Beginn von Levodopa konnte nach ca. 2 Jahren kein signifikanter Unterschied im Parkinson-Schwergrad festgestellt werden. Auch die Rate an Dyskinesien war nicht unterschiedlich. Unter Dopaminagonisten kam es in einer Studie mit > 400 Patienten innerhalb von 5 Jahren zu einer Häufigkeit von 52 % von Impulskontrollstörungen. In den letzten 10 Jahren sind in Deutschland für die Parkinson-Therapie nur 2 neue Substanzen auf den Markt gekommenen, beide mit der Indikation Zusatztherapie zu Levodopa bei Patienten mit Wirkungsschwankungen.
Geräte unterstützte Therapien Der Einsatz der tiefen Hirnstimulation und Medikamentenpumpen bei Patienten mit Levodopa-Wirkungsfluktuationen wächst, denn an diesem Punkt des Krankheitsverlaufs angekommen, nehmen Patienten auch invasive Therapien im Kauf, die die Unabhängigkeit verlängern und optimieren können. Patienten, die Levodopa mehr als 5-mal täglich benötigen und trotz optimaler nicht Levodopa-basierter Therapien schwere, störende OFF-Phasen (> 2 Stunden am Tag) haben, können prinzipiell diese Therapieoptionen erwägen. Über 90 % der Patienten ziehen es vor, an der Entscheidungsfindung beteiligt zu sein, welche der Geräte-unterstützten Therapie zum Einsatz kommt.
Evidenzbasierte aktivierende Therapien und netzwerkbasierte Versorgungsmodelle Parkinson-Stadien- und symptomfokussierte, leitlinienbasierte Physiotherapie wirken sich positiv auf Krankheitsverlauf, Alltagsleistungen und Lebensqualität aus und vermindern die Sturzgefahr. Berufsgruppen- und Sektoren-übergreifende Netzwerke erweisen sich als effektiv, Stürze und Krankenhauseinweisungen zu senken.