bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doppler ultralsound of the uterine arteries: the importance of bilateral notching in the prediction of pre‐eclampsia, placental abruption or delivery of a small‐for‐gestational‐age baby
Authors: Harrington K. , Cooper D. , Lees C. , Hecher K. , Campbell S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe use of Doppler studies of the uterine arteries in the prediction of pre‐eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation has had mixed success. The introduction of color Doppler imaging and the use of the ‘notch’ to define an abnormal waveform have helped to improve the predictive value of uterine artery Doppler screening.The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of uterine artery Doppler in a group of women of mixed race and parity. This study was a prospective, cross‐sectional analysis of 1326 unselected women who were screened with continuous wave uterine Doppler at 19–21 weeks, as part of a fetal anomaly/dating scan. A total of 214 women with abnormal uterine artery waveforms (notching) were referred for assessment at 24 weeks; 191 attended and had color Doppler imaging/pulsed Doppler studies of both uterine arteries. Data from 185 pregnancies were suitable for analysis.There were abnormal uterine Doppler findings (uni‐ or bilateral notching) in 110 patients at 24 weeks; 48 had bilateral notching. The sensitivity of notching for the prediction of proteinuric pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PPIH) was similar in primiparas (76.9%), multiparas (77.7%), African‐Caribbean women (82.6%) and Caucasian women (71.4%). The sensitivity of bilateral notching for the prediction of PPIH requiring delivery before 34 weeks was 81.2%, and 57.6% (for babies small for gestational age (SGA), with positive predictive values of 27% (PPIH), 31.2% (SGA) and 37.5% (any complication).Patients with persistent bilateral notching are particularly at risk of developing PPIH or delivering an SGA baby before 34 weeks' gestation; they warrant increased surveillance, and may be a group that could benefit from prophylactic therapies. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
No effect of preoperative paracetamol and codeine suppositories for pain after termination of pregnancies in general anaesthesia
Authors: Dahl Vegard , Fjellanger Frode , Raeder Johan C. 
Published: July 2002

Outpatient surgery demands rapid recovery and satisfied patients. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether rectal premedication with paracetamol and codeine would reduce the need of rescue analgesics, reduce the postoperative pain experience and result in faster eligibility for discharge.Ninety pregnant patients scheduled for day‐case surgery with evacuation of the uterine cavity were randomly assigned into two groups. The paracetamol and codeine group was given a suppository with 60 mg of codeine and 800 mg of paracetamol together with standard premedication of intramuscular midazolam 0.08 mg/kg. The placebo group was given a placebo suppository and midazolam. All patients underwent the surgical procedure under general anaesthesia with alfentanil 15 μg/kg and propofol 1.5–2 mg/kg.There were no statisticaly significant differences between the groups in the postoperative pain experience as judged by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS‐scale), verbal scale or the need for rescue analgesic medication with ketobemidone. Most of the patients experienced little postoperative pain with more than 70% scoring less than 20 mm on a VAS‐scale from 0–100 mm at any time during the postoperative period. The paracetamol and codeine patients were significantly more sleepy at 30 min postoperatively. There were no differences between the groups in postoperative nausea or vomiting and no difference in discharge eligibility.The use of pre‐operative suppository with paracetamol 800 mg and codeine 60 mg is unnecessary in this group of patients.
The benzene ground state potential surface. V. Criteria for theoretical modeling of the B2u harmonic force field
Authors: Ozkabak Ali G. , Goodman Lionel , Wiberg Kenneth B. 
Published: July 2002

We demonstrate that fundamental frequencies provide a poor criterion of the benzene B2u force field accuracy and that two-photon cross sections of the b2u fundamental bands in the 1B2u↔1A1g electronic transition, which can be directly related to skeletal displacement magnitudes in the two b2u modes, provide an insightful physical criterion of harmonic force field quality. Another valid criterion for force field quality is isotopic frequency shifts combined with the fundamental frequencies. The frequency-generated force field of part II accurately predicts the measured cross sections and isotopic frequency shifts, indicating that the B2u force constants are known to ±0.01 mdyn/Å. These constants are used as benchmark quantities for calibrating theoretically modeled force fields.
A systematic series of ab initio B2u harmonic force fields for ground state benzene using theoretical geometries are generated at Hartree–Fock and correlated second, third, and fourth order (with single, double, triple, and quadruple excitation) Mo/ller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2, MP3, MP4SDTQ) and configuration interaction theory with all single and double excitation (CISD) levels using basis sets from minimal double zeta to triple zeta plus diffuse and polarized functions. These theoretical models of the B2u force field all provide poor predictions for the three criteria: fundamental frequency accuracy 2%–3%; isotopic frequency shift accuracy 10%–300%; two-photon cross section accuracy 300%–1200% with the sense of isotopic effects on two-photon cross sections in some cases incorrectly predicted. The MP2 calculations, even using the largest basis set, are incapable of meeting any of the criteria, hence higher order approaches to the correlation problem are required. The inadequacies in frequencies, isotopic shifts, and mode forms arise because both the diagonal and off-diagonal force constants are not predicted by ab initio calculations with the sufficient 10−2 mdyn/Å accuracy required for reasonably accurate frequency and intensity predictions. A feature of the ab initio calculations is that carbon and hydrogen displacement phases for the b2u modes are unchanged by the basis set size or correlation level. The unmeasured 13C6D6ν14 two-photon cross section and iosotope frequency shift from 12C6H6 are predicted to be larger than for any of the other D6h symmetry benzenes (∼30% higher than in C6H6 for the former and 72 cm−1 for the latter) by the benchmark field of part II.
Comparison of infrared absorption intensities of benzene in the liquid and gas phases
Authors: Bertie John E. , Keefe C. Dale 
Published: July 2002

This paper presents a comparison of the absolute infrared absorption intensities in the liquid and gas phases for the four infrared active fundamentals of benzene. In Herzberg’s notation these are ν12 (∼3070 cm−1), and ν4 (∼675 cm−1). Published data are used, including the recently published spectra of liquid benzene that have been accepted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry as secondary intensity standards. The present results agree qualitatively with the conclusions drawn in 1970 that the intensity Aj of ν12 is much smaller for the liquid than for the gas, and those of ν13, ν14, and ν4 are all larger for the liquid. The inclusion of measurements made since 1970 should make the quantitative results reported here the most reliable. However, two quite different values have been reported in the 1980’s for the intensity of ν14 in the gas phase, and both are considered. The comparison for ν14 is also complicated by the existence of weak bands in the spectrum of the liquid that are not observed in that of the gas. It is noted in this work that the traditional comparison, of the areas under the molar absorption coefficient spectra, Aj, for the gas and liquid through the Polo–Wilson equation, has the drawback that the ratio expected if the dipole moment derivative is unchanged is different for each band as well as for each liquid.
A much more convenient ratio, that equals unity for all bands of all liquids under the traditional assumptions, is proposed through the imaginary molar polarizability spectrum of the liquid. The magnitudes of the transition moments and the dipole moment derivatives with respect to the normal coordinates under the double harmonic approximation are calculated from the measured intensities for the gas and liquid phases. It is found that the dipole moment derivative of ν12 is 24% smaller in the liquid than in the gas and that of ν13 is 18% larger. The dipole moment derivative of ν4 is unchanged by condensation. The change in the dipole moment derivative of ν14 is not clear, because of the uncertainty in the gas phase intensity and because of the uncertain origin of the intensity of the additional bands in the liquid.
The debate over the National Curriculum for history in England and Wales, 1989–90: the role of the press
Authors: Jones Gareth Elwyn 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe construction of a history curriculum for England and for Wales under the terms of the 1988 Education Reform Act occasioned more debate in the media than any other subject in the National Curriculum. The links between the content of a history syllabus and perceptions within both nations of the part this plays in moulding national spirit made this inevitable. The disparity of view between the two groups charged with devising the syllabus and the government, particularly the Prime Minister, heightened the tension. This article explores the way in which consequent political, professional and public discussion was covered in the whole range of national newspapers. It is argued that the failure of the London press to comprehend the situation in Wales reduced significantly its appreciation of the processes involved in the making of the history curriculum.
Markers of ethnicity and their effect on measuring illicit drug use by ethnic groups
Authors: REID GARY , BEYER LORRAINE , AITKEN CAMPBELL , CROFTS NICK 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAssessing the relative involvement of ethnic communities with illicit drugs relies on identification of ethnicity in collected information. Many of the indicators of ethnicity used in Victorian drug‐ and alcohol‐related databases fail to provide researchers with adequate information to accurately determine ethnic or cultural orientation. Country of birth is the variable most commonly used to identify ethnicity, but it conceals Australian‐born children of migrants who may identify primarily with their ethnic background. The self‐identified ‘ethnic/cultural background’ variable collected in the Victorian methadone registry allowed us to show that many second‐generation migrants do identify primarily with their ethnic/cultural background. Of the methadone permit forms examined, 31% identified the applicant as belonging to one of 70 different ethnic/cultural background groups. The most common ethnic groups were Vietnamese (22%), Greek (16%) and Italian (15%). The Victorian methadone registry implies that illicit drug use among a number of ethnic minority communities is substantial, unlike all other Victorian databases, which lack good ethnicity measures. Health‐related databases should reflect the multi‐cultural nature of the Victorian population; the inclusion of better ethnicity variables can allow an improved measurement about the extent of illicit drug use in ethnic minority communities and therefore illuminate a number of important education and service delivery issues.
Vanadate Reduction by Molybdenum‐Free Dissimilatory Nitrate Reductases from Vanadate‐Reducing Bacteria
Authors: Antipov A. N. , Lyalikova N. N. , Khijniak T. V. , L'vov N. P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMolybdenum‐ and molybdenum cofactor‐free nitrate reductases recently isolated by us from vanadate‐reducing bacteria Pseudomonas isachenkovii are likely to mediate vanadate reduction. During anaerobic growth of P. isachenkovii on medium supplemented with nitrate and vanadate, vanadate dissimilation was followed by nitrate consumption, and this process was associated with some structural reorganizations of nitrate reductases. The homogeneous membrane‐bound nitrate reductase of P. isachenkovii reduced vanadate with NADH as an electron donor.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Functions as a Urokinase Response Modifier at the Level of Cell Signaling and Thereby Promotes Mcf-7 Cell Growth
Authors: Webb Donna J. , Thomas Keena S. , Gonias Steven L. 
Published: July 2002

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a major inhibitor of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). In this study, we explored the role of PAI-1 in cell signaling. In MCF-7 cells, PAI-1 did not directly activate the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and ERK2, but instead altered the response to uPA so that ERK phosphorylation was sustained. This effect required the cooperative function of uPAR and the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLr). When MCF-7 cells were treated with uPA–PAI-1 complex in the presence of the VLDLr antagonist, receptor-associated protein, or with uPA–PAI-1R76E complex, which binds to the VLDLr with greatly decreased affinity, transient ERK phosphorylation (&lt;5 min) was observed, mimicking the uPA response. ERK phosphorylation was not induced by tissue-type plasminogen activator–PAI-1 complex or by uPA–PAI-1 complex in the presence of antibodies that block uPA binding to uPAR. uPA–PAI-1 complex induced tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and Shc and sustained association of Sos with Shc, whereas uPA caused transient association of Sos with Shc.
By sustaining ERK phosphorylation, PAI-1 converted uPA into an MCF-7 cell mitogen. This activity was blocked by receptor-associated protein and not observed with uPA–PAI-1R76E complex, demonstrating the importance of the VLDLr. uPA promoted the growth of other cells in which ERK phosphorylation was sustained, including β3 integrin overexpressing MCF-7 cells and HT 1080 cells. The MEK inhibitor, PD098059, blocked the growth-promoting activity of uPA and uPA–PAI-1 complex in these cells. Our results demonstrate that PAI-1 may regulate uPA-initiated cell signaling by a mechanism that requires VLDLr recruitment. The kinetics of ERK phosphorylation in response to uPAR ligation determine the function of uPA and uPA–PAI-1 complex as growth promoters.
Unbundled journals: trying to predict the future
Authors: Berin Andrew 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe variety of publishing models and ways to publish online suggests that there is plenty of room for varying viewpoints. However, there is also a consensus that online publishing will come to mean online access to articles – the fundamental whole unit of information in academic publishing. This article's main thrust is to catalogue the variety of ways to access journals online, where no subscription to the print edition is needed. If one then looks at the current array of unbundled products from the vantage point of single‐article access, one may predict which of today's online‐only offerings will remain viable into the future.
Jacobi sums and new families of irreducible polynomials of Gaussian periods
Authors: Thaine F. 
Published: July 2002

Let

m
>
2

m> 2

,

ζ
m

\zeta _m

an

m
m

-th primitive root of 1,

q
≡
1

q\equiv 1

mod

2
m

2m

a prime number,

s
=

s

q

s=s_{q}

a primitive root modulo

q
q

and

f
=

f

q

=
(
q
−
1
)

/

m

f=f_{q}=(q-1)/m

. We study the Jacobi sums

J

a
,
b

=
−

∑

k
=
2

q
−
1

ζ
m

a

ind

s

(
k
)
+
b

ind

s

(
1
−
k
)

J_{a,b}=-\sum _{k=2}^{q-1}\zeta _m ^{\, a\, \text {ind}_{s}(k)+b\, \text {ind}_{s}(1-k)}

,

0
≤
a
,
b
≤
m
−
1

0\leq a, b\leq m-1

, where

ind

s

(
k
)

\text {ind}_{s}(k)

is the least nonnegative integer such that

s

ind

s

(
k
)

≡
k

s^{\, \text {ind}_{s}(k)}\equiv k

mod

q
q

. We exhibit a set of properties that characterize these sums, some congruences they satisfy, and a MAPLE program to calculate them. Then we use those results to show how one can construct families

P

q

(
x
)

P_{q}(x)

,

q
∈

P

q\in \mathcal {P}

, of irreducible polynomials of Gaussian periods,

η

i

=

∑

j
=
0

f
−
1

ζ
q

s

i
+
m
j

\eta _{i}=\sum _{j=0}^{f-1}\zeta _q^{s^{i+mj}}

, of degree

m
m

, where

P

\mathcal {P}

is a suitable set of primes

≡
1

\equiv 1

mod

2
m

2m

. We exhibit examples of such families for several small values of

m
m

, and give a MAPLE program to construct more of them.
HICLAS: a taxonomic database system for displaying and comparing biological classification and phylogenetic trees.
Authors: Zhong Y , Luo Y , Pramanik S , Beaman J H 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: Numerous database management systems have been developed for processing various taxonomic data bases on biological classification or phylogenetic information. In this paper, we present an integrated system to deal with interacting classifications and phylogenies concerning particular taxonomic groups. RESULTS: An information-theoretic view (taxon view) has been applied to capture taxonomic concepts as taxonomic data entities. A data model which is suitable for supporting semantically interacting dynamic views of hierarchic classifications and a query method for interacting classifications have been developed. The concept of taxonomic view and the data model can also be expanded to carry phylogenetic information in phylogenetic trees. We have designed a prototype taxonomic database system called HICLAS (HIerarchical CLAssification System) based on the concept of taxon view, and the data models and query methods have been designed and implemented. This system can be effectively used in the taxonomic revisionary process, especially when databases are being constructed by specialists in particular groups, and the system can be used to compare classifications and phylogenetic trees. AVAILABILITY: Freely available at the WWW URL: http://aims.cps.msu.edu/hiclas/ CONTACT: pramanik@cps.msu.edu; lotus@wipm.whcnc.ac.cn
TargetFinder: searching annotated sequence databases for target genes of transcription factors.
Authors: Lavorgna G , Guffanti A , Borsani G , Ballabio A , Boncinelli E 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
SUMMARY: TargetFinder is a new software tool to search a database of annotated sequences for transcription factor binding sites located in context with other important transcription regulatory signals and regions, like the TATA element, the promoter, and so on, thereby greatly reducing the background usually associated with this kind of search. AVAILABILITY: The TargetFinder Web service is available at http://hercules.tigem.it/TargetFinder.html CONTACT: giovanni.lavorgna@hsr.it
Optimizing reduced-space sequence analysis
Authors: Wheeler Raymond , Hughey Richard 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Dynamic programming is the core algorithm of sequence comparison, alignment and linear hidden Markov model (HMM) training. For a pair of sequence lengths m and n, the problem can be solved readily in O(mn)time and O(mn)space. The checkpoint algorithm introduced by Grice et al. (CABIOS , 13, 45–53, 1997) runs in O(Lmn)time and O(LmL√n)space, where Lis a positive integer determined by m, n, and the amount of available workspace. The algorithm is appropriate for many string comparison problems, including all-paths and single-best-path hidden Markov model training, and is readily parallelizable. The checkpoint algorithm has a diagonal version that can solve the single-best-path alignment problem in O(mn)time and O(m + n)space.
Results: In this work, we improve performance by analyzing optimal checkpoint placement. The improved row checkpoint algorithm performs up to one half the computation of the original algorithm. The improved diagonal checkpoint algorithm performs up to 35% fewer computational steps than the original. We modified the SAM hidden Markov modeling package to use the improved row checkpoint algorithm. For a fixed sequence length, the new version is up to 33% faster for all-paths and 56% faster for single-best-path HMM training, depending on sequence length and allocated memory. Over a typical set of protein sequence lengths, the improvement is ~10%.
Availability: The SAM hidden Markov modeling package is freely available for academic use from http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/compbio/sam.html. The C++code used to find optimal checkpoint placements is available from http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/kestrel.
Contact: rph@cse.ucsc.edu
2 Current address: Neomorphic, 2612 8th St., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
3 To whom correspondence may be addressed.
PROF_ PAT 1.3: Updated database of patterns used to detect
local similarities
Authors: Bachinsky A. G. , Frolov A. S. , Naumochkin A. N. , Nizolenko L. Ph. , Yarigin A. A. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: When analysing novel protein sequences, it is now essential to extend search strategies to include a range of ‘secondary’ databases. Pattern databases have become vital tools for identifying distant relationships in sequences, and hence for predicting protein function and structure. The main drawback of such methods is the relatively small representation of proteins in trial samples at the time of their construction. Therefore, a negative result of an amino acid sequence comparison with such a databank forces a researcher to search for similarities in the original protein banks. We developed a database of patterns constructed for groups of related proteins with maximum representation of amino acid sequences of SWISS-PROT in the groups.
Results: Software tools and a new method have been designed to construct patterns of protein families. By using such method, a new version of databank of protein family patterns, PROF_ PAT 1.3, is produced. This bank is based on SWISS-PROT (r1.38) and TrEMBL (r1.11), and contains patterns of more than 13 000 groups of related proteins in a format similar to that of the PROSITE. Motifs of patterns, which had the minimum level of probability to be found in random sequences, were selected. Flexible fast search program accompanies the bank. The researcher can specify a similarity matrix (the type PAM, BLOSUM and other). Variable levels of similarity can be set (permitting search strategies ranging from exact matches to increasing levels of ‘fuzziness’).
Availability: The Internet address for comparing sequences with the bank is: http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/programs/prof_pat/. The local version of the bank and search programs (approximately 50 Mb) is available via ftp: ftp://ftp.bionet.nsc.ru/pub/biology/vector/prof_pat/, and ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/prof_pat/. Another appropriate way for its external use is to mail amino acid sequences to bachin@vector.nsc.ru for comparison with PROF_ PAT 1.3.
Contact: bachin@vector.nsc.ru