bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change expected to improve digestive rate and trigger range expansion in outbreaking locusts
Authors: Youngblood Jacob P. , Cease Arianne J. , Talal Stav , Copa Fernando , Medina Hector E. , Rojas Julio E. , Trumper Eduardo V. , Angilletta Michael J. , Harrison Jon F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlobal climate change will probably exacerbate crop losses from insect pests, reducing agricultural production, and threatening food security. To predict where crop losses will occur, scientists have mainly used correlative models of species' distributions, but such models are unreliable when extrapolated to future environments. To minimize extrapolation, we developed mechanistic and hybrid models that explicitly capture range‐limiting processes, and we explored how incorporating mechanisms altered the projected impacts of climate change for an agricultural pest, the South American locust (Schistocerca cancellata). Because locusts are generalist herbivores surrounded by food, their population growth may be limited by thermal effects on digestion more than food availability. To incorporate this mechanism into a distribution model, we measured the thermal effects on the consumption and defecation of field‐captured locusts and used these data to model energy gain in current and future climates. We then created hybrid models by using outputs of the mechanistic model as predictor variables in correlative models, estimating the potential distribution of gregarious outbreaking locusts based on multiple predictor sets, modeling algorithms, and climate scenarios. Based on the mechanistic model, locusts can assimilate relatively high amounts of energy throughout temperate and tropical South America; however, correlative and hybrid modeling revealed that most tropical areas are unsuitable for locusts. When estimating current distributions, the top‐ranked model was always the one fit with mechanistic predictors (i.e., the hybrid model). When projected to future climates, top‐ranked hybrid models projected range expansions that were 23%–30% points smaller than those projected by correlative models. Therefore, a combination of the correlative and mechanistic approaches bracketed the potential outcomes of climate change and enhanced confidence where model projections agreed. Because all models projected a poleward range expansion under climate change, agriculturists should consider enhanced monitoring and the management of locusts near the southern margin of the range.
Cryptogam plant community stability: Warming weakens influences of species richness but enhances effects of evenness
Authors: Gu Qian , Yu Qiang , Grogan Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCommunity stability is a fundamental factor sustaining ecosystem functioning and is affected by species richness and species evenness. The Arctic is warming more rapidly than other biomes, and cryptogam plant species (specifically lichens and bryophytes in this study) are major contributors to tundra biodiversity and productivity. However, to our knowledge, the impacts of warming on cryptogam community stability and the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. We conducted a 13‐year summer warming experiment in mesic birch hummock tundra vegetation near Daring Lake in the continental interior of low Arctic Canada and recorded patterns of cryptogam species abundance in several different growing seasons. Warming decreased the stability of total community abundance, had no effects on species richness, but increased species evenness and species synchrony. Structural equation model analyses indicated that higher species richness was the principal factor associated with the stronger community abundance stability in the control plots and that this effect was driven primarily by a negative correlation with species synchrony. By contrast, higher species evenness was the principal factor associated with the weakened community abundance stability in the warming plots, and this effect was driven primarily by a positive correlation with species synchrony. Our study suggests that climate warming could reduce cryptogam plant community stability in low Arctic tundra and, therefore, decrease important ecosystem services, including carbon storage and food availability to caribou in northern regions.
Pollinator type strongly impacts gene flow within and among plant populations for six Neotropical species
Authors: Gamba Diana , Muchhala Nathan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnimal pollinators directly affect plant gene flow by transferring pollen grains between individuals. Pollinators with restricted mobility are predicted to limit gene flow within and among populations, whereas pollinators that fly longer distances are likely to promote genetic cohesion. These predictions, however, remain poorly tested. We examined population genetic structure and fine‐scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) in six perennial understory angiosperms in Andean cloud forests of northwestern Ecuador. Species belong to three families (Gesneriaceae, Melastomataceae, and Rubiaceae), and within each family we paired one insect‐pollinated with one hummingbird‐pollinated species, predicting that insect‐pollinated species have greater population differentiation (as quantified with the FST statistic) and stronger FSGS (as quantified with the SP statistic) than hummingbird‐pollinated species. We confirmed putative pollinators through a literature review and fieldwork, and inferred population genetic parameters with a genome‐wide genotyping approach. In two of the three species pairs, insect‐pollinated species had much greater (>2‐fold) population‐level genetic differentiation and correspondingly steeper declines in fine‐scale genetic relatedness. In the Gesneriaceae pair, however, FST and SP values were similar between species and to those of the other hummingbird‐pollinated plants. In this pair, the insect pollinators are euglossine bees (as opposed to small bees and flies in the other pairs), which are thought to forage over large areas, and therefore may provide similar levels of gene flow as hummingbirds. Overall, our results shed light on how different animal pollination modes influence the spatial scale of plant gene flow, suggesting that small insects strongly decrease genetic cohesion.
Darwin's naturalization conundrum reconciled by changes of species interactions
Authors: Wang Jiang , Li Shao‐Peng , Ge Yuan , Wang Xiao‐Yan , Gao Song , Chen Tong , Yu Fei‐Hai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough phylogenetic distance between native and exotic species has a close link with their interactions, it is still unclear how environmental stresses and species interactions influence the relationship between phylogenetic distance and biological invasions. Here we assessed the effect of invader–native phylogenetic distance on the growth of the invader (Symphyotrichum subulatum) under three levels of drought (no, moderate, or intense drought). Under no drought, interspecific competition between close relatives was the dominant process and native communities more closely related to the invader showed higher resistance to invasion, supporting Darwin's naturalization hypothesis. In contrast, under intense drought, facilitation between close relatives by mutualism with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) became more important, and the invader became more successful in their more closely related native communities, supporting the preadaptation hypothesis. The colonization rate of AMF of the invader was higher in more closely related native communities regardless of the drought treatment, but it was only positively related to invader biomass under intense drought. Therefore, the shift of species interactions from competition to facilitation may be ascribed to the promotion of AMF to invasion occurring under intense drought, which leads to the effect of closely related natives on the invader shifting from negative to positive. Our results provide a new angle to resolve Darwin's naturalization conundrum from the change of species interactions along a stress gradient, and provide important clues for invasion management when species interactions change in response to global climatic change.
Boosting Zn metal anode stability: from fundamental science to design principles
Authors: Hou Zhen , Zhang Biao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of Zn metal anodes suffers from several critical issues, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and corrosion. Extensive efforts have been applied through ameliorating electrode structures, electrode/separator interfaces, and electrolyte formulations. We deviate from the specific approaches and discuss the roots of the existing problems to exploit the fundamental science behind the proposed approaches. We divide the Zn deposition process into four steps, that is, mass transfer in the bulk electrolyte, desolvation on the electrode surface, charge transfer for the Zn2+ reduction, and Zn cluster formation through the electro‐crystallization. It can be seen that all the reported strategies for improving Zn anode stability deal with at least one of these steps, thereby enhancing the understanding of dendrite formation and benefiting the rational design to circumvent the issue. We also scrutinize the previous attempts to suppress the side reactions through water activity reduction and electrode passivation to raise battery reliability. Finally, we propose possible solutions to the remaining but urgent challenges toward low‐cost, high‐safety, and long‐lifespan Zn metal batteries.image
Anorexia and bulimia nervosa in the practice of the paediatric dentist
Authors: Cuadrado‐Ríos Sofía , Huamán‐Garaicoa Fuad , Cruz‐Moreira Karla 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to highlight the usefulness of the clinical examination of the oral cavity for the diagnostic suspicion of anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), being of main interest to the paediatric dentist and paediatrician due to the early onset of symptoms in Eating Disorders (EDs).MethodA systematic search, applying PICO question, was carried out in biomedical and other electronic databases from 2005 to 2020. Both case reports and case series of patients under 65 years of age with AN and BN were included. Data were extracted and statistically analysed.ResultsA sample of 111 studies was obtained (n = 192; 92.78% female). The most prevalent diagnosis was restrictive type AN (n = 110; 57.29%). Only 16 (8.33%) patients had been clinically examined at the oral cavity, indicating the presence or absence of oral manifestations (OM) and showing dental erosion (n = 10) as the most frequent.ConclusionThere is a lack of information about the oral examination of anorexic and bulimic patients. Dental erosion and other oral manifestations can help us to make an early ED diagnosis. Clinical observation and basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) Index are necessary steps to detect and record any anomaly in oral cavity during the evaluation of these patients.
Artificial neural network optimized ultra wide band fractal antenna for vehicular communication applications
Authors: Karanam Raghavendra , Kakkar Deepti 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe article proposes a microstrip patch antenna for vehicular communication applications under 5G communication frequency band. The dimensions of the antenna play an important role in the field of vehicular communication applications. The antenna dimensions are optimized by introducing back propagation algorithm. Overall dimension of the antenna is reduced by 16% as compare to the traditional formulations. Further fractal geometry is implemented on the patch and recessed ground as defected ground structure. FR4 epoxy is used to construct the substrate of the proposed antenna with the dimensions of 50 mm × 60 mm × 1.6 mm and the patch is designed as rectangular patch with H‐cut and I‐cut. The proposed antenna is simulated using Ansys high frequency structure simulator v15 and the frequency of operation is 27 to 33 GHz. The antenna parameters such as reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio, gain, radiation, and current distribution are investigated. The antenna is designed in compact in shape such that it is suitable for vehicular communication applications.
The spectrum of subclonal TP53 mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A next generation sequencing retrospective study
Authors: De Luca Giuseppa , Cerruti Giannamaria , Lastraioli Sonia , Conte Romana , Ibatici Adalberto , Di Felice Nikki , Morabito Fortunato , Monti Paola , Fronza Gilberto , Matis Serena , Colombo Monica , Fabris Sonia , Ciarrocchi Alessia , Neri Antonino , Menichini Paola , Ferrarini Manlio , Nozza Paolo , Fais Franco , Cutrona Giovanna , Dono Mariella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a hematological disorder with complex clinical and biological behavior. TP53 mutational status and cytogenetic assessment of the deletion of the corresponding locus (17p13.1) are considered the most relevant biomarkers associated with pharmaco‐predictive response, chemo‐refractoriness, and worse prognosis in CLL patients. The implementation of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methodologies in the clinical laboratory allows for comprehensively analyzing the TP53 gene and detecting mutations with allele frequencies ≤10%, that is, “subclonal mutations”. We retrospectively studied TP53 gene mutational status by NGS in 220 samples from 171 CLL patients. TP53 mutations were found in 60/220 (27.3%) samples and 47/171 (27.5%) patients. Interestingly, subclonal mutations could be detected in 31/60 samples (51.7%) corresponding to 25 patients (25/47, 53.2%). We identified 44 distinct subclonal TP53 mutations clustered in the central DNA‐binding domain of p53 protein (exons 5–8, codons 133–286). Missense mutations were predominant (>80%), whereas indels, nonsense, and splice site variants were less represented. All subclonal TP53 variants but one [p.(Pro191fs)] were already described in NCI and/or Seshat databases as “damaging” and/or “probably damaging” mutations (38/44, 86% and 6/44, 14%, respectively). Longitudinal samples were available for 37 patients. Almost half of them displayed at least one TP53 mutant subclone, which could be alone (4/16, 25%) or concomitant with other TP53 mutant clonal ones (12/16, 75%); different patterns of mutational dynamics overtimes were documented. In conclusion, utilization of NGS in our “real‐life” cohort of CLL patients demonstrated an elevated frequency of subclonal TP53 mutations. This finding indicates the need for precisely identifying these mutations during disease since the clones carrying them may become predominant and be responsible for therapy failures.
Opium use and risk of lung cancer: A multicenter case‐control study in Iran
Authors: Rashidian Hamideh , Hadji Maryam , Gholipour Mahin , Naghibzadeh‐Tahami Ahmad , Marzban Maryam , Mohebbi Elham , Safari‐Faramani Roya , Bakhshi Mahdieh , Sadat Seyyedsalehi Monireh , Hosseini Bayan , Alizadeh‐Navaei Reza , Emami Habib , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Moradi Abdolvahab , Ansari‐Moghaddam Alireza , Nejatizadeh Azim , ShahidSales Soodabeh , Rezvani Alireza , Larizadeh Mohammad Hasan , Najafi Farid , Poustchi Hossein , Mohagheghi Mohammad Ali , Brennan Paul , Weiderpass Elisabete , Schüz Joachim , Pukkala Eero , Freedman Neal D. , Boffetta Paolo , Malekzadeh Reza , Etemadi Arash , Rahimi‐Movaghar Afarin , Kamangar Farin , Zendehdel Kazem 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOpium use was recently classified as a human carcinogen for lung cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We conducted a large, multicenter case‐control study evaluating the association between opium use and the risk of lung cancer. We recruited 627 cases and 3477 controls from May 2017 to July 2020. We used unconditional logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and measured the association between opium use and the risk of lung cancer. The ORs were adjusted for the residential place, age, gender, socioeconomic status, cigarettes, and water pipe smoking. We found a 3.6‐fold risk of lung cancer for regular opium users compared to never users (95% CI: 2.9, 4.6). There was a strong dose‐response association between a cumulative count of opium use and lung cancer risk. The OR for regular opium use was higher for small cell carcinoma than in other histology (8.3, 95% CI: 4.8, 14.4). The OR of developing lung cancer among opium users was higher in females (7.4, 95% CI: 3.8, 14.5) than in males (3.3, 95% CI: 2.6, 4.2). The OR for users of both opium and tobacco was 13.4 (95% CI: 10.2, 17.7) compared to nonusers of anything. The risk of developing lung cancer is higher in regular opium users, and these results strengthen the conclusions on the carcinogenicity of opium. The association is stronger for small cell carcinoma cases than in other histology.
The social and economic impacts of cervical cancer on women and children in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Dau Hallie , Trawin Jessica , Nakisige Carolyn , Payne Beth A. , Vidler Marianne , Singer Joel , Orem Jackson , Smith Laurie , Ogilvie Gina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited knowledge on the social and economic impacts of a diagnosis of cervical cancer on women and children in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).ObjectivesTo determine the social and economic impacts associated with cervical cancer among women and children living in LMICs.Search strategyThe MEDLINE, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Pais International, and CAB Global Health databases were systematically searched to retrieve studies up to June 2021.Selection criteriaStudies were included if they reported on either the social or economic impacts of women or children in a LMIC.Data collection and analysisData was independently extracted by two co‐authors. The authors performed a quality assessment on all included articles.Main resultsIn all, 53 studies were included in the final review. Social impacts identified included social support, education, and independence. Economic impacts included employment and financial security. No study reported the economic impact on children. Studies that utilized quantitative methods typically reported more positive results than those that utilized qualitative methods.ConclusionsAdditional mixed‐methods research is needed to further understand the social support needs of women with cervical cancer. Furthermore, research is needed on the impact of a mother's diagnosis of cervical cancer on her children.
Is 25 mm the correct mid‐trimester cut‐off for cervical shortening among asymptomatic women?
Authors: Lauterbach Roy , Bachar Gal , Justman Naphtali , Siegler Yoav , Khatib Nizar , Weiner Zeev , Vitner Dana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of asymptomatic cervical shortening (ACS) at mid‐trimester on maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. Women with singleton gestations and an accidental finding of cervical length of 25 mm or less at mid‐trimester were compared with women with symptomatic cervical shortening (SCS) and women with normal cervical length (NCL). Primary outcome was preterm birth (PTB) rate; secondary outcomes included total hospitalization length, betamethasone treatment rate, and a composite of PTB neonatal outcomes.ResultsIn all, 1483 women were diagnosed with ACS. There was no difference in early and late PTB rate between the ACS and NCL groups (4.9% versus 3.8%, P = 0.25), though there was a significantly higher rate of antenatal corticosteroids use in the ACS group (78.2% versus 7.4%, P < 0.001). A CL of 15 mm or less was significantly associated with both early and late PTB, compared with the NCL group (47.2% versus 3.6%, P < 0.001, and 35.8% versus 3.8%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsAn ACS of 15–25 mm is not associated with an increased risk of PTB. In contrast, women with a CL of 15 mm or less are more likely to delivery prematurely compared with women with a CL greater than 15 mm.
Twenty‐four versus 48 hours of expectant management in the setting of premature rupture of membranes at term among women with a prior cesarean delivery
Authors: Daoud‐Sabag Lina , Rottenstreich Amihai , Levitt Lorinne , Porat Shay 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesCompare two approaches of expectant management in the setting of term premature rupture of membranes (PROM) among women with prior cesarean delivery.MethodsA retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care center during 2006 to 2017, including primiparous women with singleton pregnancy and a prior low‐transverse cesarean delivery who presented with term PROM and requested trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC). Outcomes were compared between the two campuses at our center: campus A enabled expectant management up to 48 hours following PROM and campus B enabled up to 24 hours after PROM.ResultsA total of 158 women met the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups. Maternal characteristics of the two groups were similar. In campus B, the rate of oxytocin administration was significantly higher as compared with campus A (46.6% versus 26.0%, P = 0.01). The rate of successful TOLAC was similar between the groups (84.0% versus 84.5%, P = 0.96). Rates of chorioamnionitis, uterine rupture, postpartum hemorrhage, recurrent hospitalization, and Apg scores did not differ between the groups.ConclusionExpectant management up to 48 hours in women with TOLAC presenting with term PROM was associated with a lower rate of induction of labor and similar maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Prostate cancer recurring as small‐cell carcinoma with aBRCA2somatic mutation
Authors: Yabusaki Ryo , Yoshimura Koji , Taku Keisei , Suzuki Makoto 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionSmall‐cell carcinoma of the prostate has a poor prognosis, and treatment options for the refractory disease are unclear.Case presentationA 68‐year‐old man with prostate cancer was referred to our hospital. He was treated with combined androgen blockade (bicalutamide and degarelix acetate). The disease progressed to castration‐resistant prostate cancer, but with additional treatment, prostate‐specific antigen levels remained below 0.02 ng/mL. However, computed tomography revealed enlarged right inguinal lymph nodes; moreover, his neuron‐specific enolase levels were elevated. Histopathologic analysis of a biopsied lymph node confirmed small‐cell carcinoma. After administering cytotoxic chemotherapy (etoposide plus cisplatin and amrubicin), the patient temporarily improved before relapsing. After genetic testing of the biopsy specimen revealed aBRCA2deletion, we administered the oral PARP‐2 inhibitor olaparib, which has achieved partial remission for 8 months.ConclusionPARP‐2 inhibition may improve the survival of patients withBRCA2‐positive small‐cell carcinoma of the prostate.