bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of SOM fractions to croplands and plantations converted from cropland with black soil
Authors: Han Shaojie , Wang Enheng , Chen Xiangwei , Fu Yu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) decreases after the conversion of native grasslands to croplands and increases after the conversion of croplands to plantations. However, the reasons for loss and/or accumulation of SOM fractions remain unclear. Hence, we investigated SOM fraction quantity and quality of soils from cropland (CL), a plantation (PL) converted from cropland, and native grassland (NG) all converted from the black soil (Mollisols) region of China. Results showed that: (1) across all sites, coarse particulate organic matter (cPOM), fine particulate organic matter (fPOM), and mineral‐associated organic matter (mSOM) formed successively, and the mSOM carbon (C) content accounted for more than 70% of the bulk SOM C content. (2) The cPOM C contents in CL and NG were similar, but the fPOM and mSOM C contents in CL were only 11.35% and 52.95% of those in NG, respectively. The C contents of cPOM, fPOM, and mSOM in PL were 53.77%, 27.72%, and 72.80% of those in NG, respectively. (3) The accumulation of mSOM was affected by the quantity of fPOM, but had no obvious relationship with the quality of fPOM. However, the accumulation of fPOM was affected by both quantity and quality of cPOM. In general, promoting the accumulation of fPOM may increase the mSOM and SOM contents of CL, and increasing cPOM may be a feasible way to increase the SOM content of PL. The study provides a fundamental reference for promoting SOM accumulation of croplands and plantations in the black soil region.
Impact of climate change on the dynamics of soybean (Glycine max) (L.) Merr. production areas in the second agricultural development pole of the Sudanian region of Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Issifou Moumouni Yaya , Kindjinou T. André , Adougan Bernandette , Hounkanrin Barnabé , Koumassi Hervé , Ezin A. Vincent , Yabi Ibourïma , Ogouwale Euloge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe impact of climate change on the world food supply is the drastic decrease of cereal production in the Sudano‐Sahelian region of Africa. The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of climate variability on the dynamics of current and future soybean (Glycine max) production areas in the second agricultural development pole of Benin in the Sudanian region. The maximum entropy approach (Maxent) was adopted. To this end, 10,135 points of soybean (G. max) occurrence in the field and at the GBIF site were associated with environmental variables of three climatic scenarios, namely: climatic conditions, the optimistic scenario (RCP 4.5), and the most pessimistic but probable scenario (RCP 8.5) for the purposes of the analysis. The results show that climate variability will lead to profound changes in soybean agro‐ecological areas by 2050. These changes will be marked by an increase in non‐suitable and completely non suitable areas for soybean production at the expense of currently suitable and completely suitable areas. Non suitable areas, which currently occupy 26% of the study area, will increase to 27% in the RCP8.5 scenario by 2050. The same trends are observed in the completely non suitable areas, with 23% under current conditions and 26% under RCP8.5. It is therefore necessary to anticipate the adaptation and resilience strategies of producers in the face of future climate change.
Preparation of Poly(Ionic Liquid) Microbeads by Evaporation‐Assisted Phase Separation
Authors: Lei Qi , He Fang , Zhao Xiaopeng , Yin Jianbo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe authors reported a simple and high‐yield evaporation‐assisted phase separation (EAPS) method to prepare poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) microbeads, in particular submicron microbeads. Irregular PIL powder or bulk is dissolved in a theta solvent composed of volatile good solvent and less volatile non‐solvent at room temperature, and then PIL microbeads are formed by evaporation of the solution at a temperature lower than the boiling point of volatile good solvent. The yield of microbeads, in particular, submicron microbeads, prepared by the EAPS method can reach 99%. The mechanism of microbead formation is studied by tracing the nucleation and growth process by the light transmittance. The key parameters to control the size and morphology of microbeads are investigated and discussed.
Life‐Space Mobility and Parkinson's Disease. A Multiple‐Methods Study
Authors: Ryder‐Burbidge Charlotte , Wieler Marguerite , Nykiforuk Candace I.J. , Jones C. Allyson 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundLife‐space mobility (LSM) captures a broad spectrum of mobility in physical and social environments; however, it has not been extensively studied in Parkinson's disease. Using a multiple‐methods approach, individual, social and environmental factors that impact LSM were explored in PD.MethodsTwo hundred twenty‐seven participants with PD (n = 113) and a comparative group without PD (n = 114) were recruited from the community. Within a cross‐sectional survey, LSM (University of Alabama Birmingham Life‐Space Assessment, LSA) was compared in the two groups. Using multiple linear regression, socio‐demographics, lifestyle behaviors, medical, mobility and social factors were examined to identify factors that explained LSM. A qualitative narrative inquiry was completed to augment the findings from the survey; 10 participants with PD were interviewed regarding facilitators and barriers to mobility.ResultsThe mean overall LSA‐composite score for the PD group was 64.2 (SD = 25.8) and 70.3 (SD = 23.1) for the community comparative group (mean difference = 6 points, 95%CI:‐0.4, 12.5) indicating most participants moved independently beyond their neighborhoods. A higher proportion of the PD group required assistance with mobility than the community comparison group. Not driving, receiving caregiving, lower social participation, and lower monthly family finances were associated with restricted LSM in the PD group. Data from qualitative interviews supported quantitative findings and offered insights into the features of the built environment that facilitate and restrict mobility.ConclusionIndividual, social and environmental factors are associated with the LSM among persons with PD. Clinicians and policy‐makers should include both individual and community‐based factors when developing interventions to encourage the LSM of the PD population.
Exploration of the Chemical Space of DNA‐encoded Libraries
Authors: Pikalyova Regina , Zabolotna Yuliana , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Horvath Dragos , Marcou Gilles , Varnek Alexandre 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDNA‐Encoded Library (DEL) technology has emerged as an alternative method for bioactive molecules discovery in medicinal chemistry. It enables the simple synthesis and screening of compound libraries of enormous size. Even though it gains more and more popularity each day, there are almost no reports of chemoinformatics analysis of DEL chemical space. Therefore, in this project, we aimed to generate and analyze the ultra‐large chemical space of DEL. Around 2500 DELs were designed using commercially available building blocks resulting in 2,5B DEL compounds that were compared to biologically relevant compounds from ChEMBL using Generative Topographic Mapping. This allowed to choose several optimal DELs covering the chemical space of ChEMBL to the highest extent and thus containing the maximum possible percentage of biologically relevant chemotypes. Different combinations of DELs were also analyzed to identify a set of mutually complementary libraries allowing to attain even higher coverage of ChEMBL than it is possible with one single DEL.
Technical note: Relationship between peak skin dose and fluoroscopic Ka,r: Clinical variations and application in establishing substantial radiation dose levels
Authors: Fong Grant , Wunderle Kevin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe reference point cumulative air kerma (Ka,r) is a commonly used dose quantity for establishing substantial radiation dose levels (SRDLs) that can provide guidance for patient dose management actions following fluoroscopically guided procedures. However, the Ka,r may not correlate well with the patient peak skin dose (Dskin,max) because the relationship between Ka,r and Dskin,max may vary widely due to clinical variations. Therefore, it may be prudent for institutions to establish different Ka,r‐based SRDL values based on the clinical procedure type.PurposeThe present study investigates the relationship between Ka,r and Dskin,max for different clinical services and how that variation may overestimate or underestimate the need for patient follow‐up. Additionally, the study suggests a possible framework for establishing Ka,r SRDLs based on the clinical data analysis.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for fluoroscopically guided interventions exceeding 5 Gy Ka,r. For each procedure, the patient Dskin,max was estimated and the ratio of Dskin,max to Ka,r (DKR) was calculated. Results were pooled into one of three clinical service categories: body interventions (n = 33), cardiac interventions (n = 81), or neurological (neuro) interventions (n = 44). The distributions in Ka,r, Dskin,max, and DKR were analyzed in aggregate and by the clinical service category.ResultsThe median Ka,r values for procedures exceeding 5 Gy were 6.0 Gy (95% CI [5.6, 6.4]) for body interventions, 5.8 Gy (95% CI [5.5, 6.0]) for cardiac interventions, and 6.3 Gy (95% CI [5.9, 6.6]) for neuro interventions. Dskin,max for the same procedure data sets were 5.0 Gy (95% CI [4.4, 5.6]) for body interventions, 5.5 Gy (95% CI [5.2, 5.8]) for cardiac interventions, and 3.7 Gy (95% CI [3.4, 4.0]) for neuro interventions. This resulted in median DKR values of 0.81 for body interventions, 0.91 for cardiac interventions, and 0.59 for neuro interventions.ConclusionsThis study illustrates the need to understand the relationship between the reported Ka,r and the patient Dskin,max for different types of interventional procedures. This is especially important when an institution uses Ka,r as the parameter for establishing an SRDL threshold to identify patients who may require clinical follow‐up. The implications of this research and a guide for how to implement these findings are elaborated on in the Discussion.
Developing a Brown Trout Stocking Screening Tool from a Statewide Random Sampling Program and Landscape-Scale Predictor Variables
Authors: Hessenauer Jan-Michael , Wehrly Kevin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Evaluation of fisheries management actions are critical but can be challenging when management actions are applied at broad spatial scales. Likewise, evaluations can be limited if monitoring data are not available for comparison. One widely applied management strategy that can be difficult to evaluate at broad spatial scales is the stocking of fish. We used presence/absence data collected by 209 surveys of the Michigan Stream Status and Trends Program, a standardized statewide stream monitoring project, for Brown Trout Salmo trutta over 20.3 cm total length and landscape-scale site predictor variables to generate a random forest model of Brown Trout presence or absence. The model had an overall error rate of 19% and was used to predict the presence and absence of Brown Trout in all Michigan stream segments (n = 68,123 stream segments). We evaluated model predictions using an independent data set containing 773 validation surveys. Validation surveys where Brown Trout were predicted present had catch rates 30% higher than validation surveys occurring at sites where Brown Trout were predicted absent, indicating biological relevance of model predictions. Comparisons with model predictions and recent Brown Trout stocking sites revealed that since 2002 Michigan has stocked nearly 9 million Brown Trout in streams our classification model predicted to be absent of Brown Trout over 20.3 cm, suggesting that field evaluation of those sites may be warranted to avoid ineffective use of resources. The model we developed can be used as a screening tool to identify the potential suitability of future stocking sites and prioritize existing stocking sites for field validation surveys to ensure efficient deployment of agency resources.
Effect of molecular weight on crystallization behavior of poly (lactic acid) under isotherm and non‐isotherm conditions
Authors: Zirak Nader , Shirinbayan Mohammadali , Farzaneh Sedigheh , Tcharkhtchi Abbas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effect of molecular weight on the crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) both isothermally and non‐isothermally was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. Two distinct crystal forms (α and α′) were investigated under normal conditions of crystallization for different molecular weights. Using microscopy, the growth rate of spherulites was measured and the nucleation rate was estimated. Heterogeneous nucleation and morphology with a variant α and α′ forms have been proposed. Spherulites from low molecular mass PLA contained more interlamellar amorphous phase. In addition, the results showed more rapid crystallization of α′ than the α form in isothermal conditions.
Prenatal imaging features and perinatal outcomes of foetal volvulus–A literature review
Authors: Shen Andrew Wang , Kothari Alka , Flint Anndrea , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a review of the literature on foetal volvulus with emphasis on prenatal imaging, pregnancy characteristics and clinical outcomes.MethodsA review of all published cases of foetal volvulus diagnosed prenatally and indexed in Medline, EBSCOhost, CINAHL, SOCIndex and Healthy Policy Reference Centre. Studies without antenatal sonographic signs of foetal volvulus and without a postpartum surgical diagnosis were excluded. Data were analysed for frequencies and distributions and tested for statistical significance.ResultsEighty‐eight cases of foetal volvulus were identified from 58 published case reports/series. The most common ultrasound findings were dilated bowel/stomach (77.3%), polyhydramnios (30.7%) and whirlpool/snail sign (28.4%). Median gestation at diagnosis was 31.9 weeks (IQR 27–34) and mean gestation at delivery was 34.5 weeks (SD 2.8). Underlying aetiology included intestinal malrotation (15.9%), cystic fibrosis (14.8% of all cases, 32.5% of tested cases) and abnormal mesenteric fixation (12.5%). Complications included intestinal atresia (36.4%) and foetal anaemia (9.1%). The overall perinatal mortality rate was 14.5%.ConclusionFoetal volvulus is a rare condition with high rates of preterm birth and perinatal mortality. Intestinal malrotation and cystic fibrosis are common predisposing causes, although the majority are idiopathic. Bowel and/or gastric dilatation is by far the most common sonographic finding.
Clinical outcomes of preimplantation genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes: A systematic review
Authors: Vriesen Natalie , Carmany Erin P. , Natoli Jaime L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the published literature on clinical outcomes following preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT‐M) for hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS).MethodsThree electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE) were searched for publications related to PGT‐M for HCS. When appropriate, weighted means were used to calculate clinical and live birth rates.ResultsWe identified 22 publications that reported on clinical and/or psychosocial outcomes of PGT‐M for HCS. The weighted mean clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) per embryo was 33.5% (11 studies, 95% CI: 29.1%, 38.2%), and the CPR per cycle with embryonic transfer was 40.1% (14 studies, 95% CI: 36.1%, 44.3%). The weighted mean live birth rate (LBR) per embryo was 28.9% (11 studies, 95% CI: 24.7%, 33.4%) and the LBR per cycle with embryonic transfer was 33.2% (13 studies, 95% CI: 29.2%, 37.4%). The limited literature regarding the psychosocial outcomes of PGT‐M for HCS suggests reproductive decision‐making is difficult and additional support may be desired.ConclusionThese findings suggest that CPR and LBR following PGT‐M for HCS are comparable to other monogenic disorders. Heterogeneity across studies suggests the overall CPR and LBR found may not be applicable to all HCS indications and PGT‐M methodologies.
Holistic design improvement of the PV module frame: Mechanical, optoelectrical, cost, and life cycle analysis
Authors: Tummalieh Ammar , Beinert Andreas J. , Reichel Christian , Mittag Max , Neuhaus Holger 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present a holistic approach for the photovoltaic (PV) module frame improvement that considers mechanical, electrical, economic, and ecological aspects for different frame designs. In a comprehensive study, the approach is applied to exemplary PV module frame designs. The analyses performed in this study show a potential improvement path of the module frame design. This leads to an overall better module performance and helps finding the balance point between technical performance, cost, and environmental impact. Based on the results, the PV module frame design affects the aspects analyzed in this work differently. For the comparison, we defined reference frame design with 16 and 20 mm front and rear frame widths. The improvement is reached by unitizing the frame width for both sides to 18 mm and increasing its cavity width to 12 mm instead of 8.5 mm. Tuning the frame parameters in this way leads to the best balance point for frame designs in this study regarding all aspects. The mechanical finite element method (FEM) simulation results show that even a small change on the frame width has a significant influence on the stress within the solar cells. Compared with the reference frame, the optimized frame design shows 2.6% less deflection, which corresponds to around 0.7 mm. Cell‐to‐module (CTM) analysis shows that a bigger frame width lightly decreases the cover coupling power gain. Results show that increasing the front frame width from 16 to 20 mm reduces the module power by about 0.12 WP. Findings of the cost of ownership (COO) analysis suggest that the optimized frame can save around 30 g aluminum which reduces the total module cost by 0.1%. Life cycle assessment (LCA) results are directly correlated to the material mass of the corresponding design. Results show that using the optimized frame can save 0.8 kg CO2‐eq/kWP due to the saving in aluminum compared with the reference frame.
Tracheobronchitis in children with tracheostomy tubes: Overview of a challenging problem
Authors: Gipsman Alexander , Prero Moshe , Toltzis Philip , Craven Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTracheobronchitis is common in children with tracheostomy tubes. These children are predisposed to respiratory infections due to the bypassing of normal upper airway defense mechanisms by the tracheostomy, bacterial colonization of the tracheostomy tube itself, and underlying medical conditions. Diagnosis of bacterial tracheobronchitis is challenging due to the difficulty in differentiating between bacterial colonization and infection, as well as between viral and bacterial etiologies. Difficulty in diagnosis complicates management decisions, and there are currently no consensus guidelines to assist clinicians in the treatment of these patients. Frequent administration of systemic antibiotics causes adverse effects and leads to the emergence of resistant organisms. Topical administration of antibiotics via nebulization or direct instillation may lead to a significantly higher concentration of drug in the upper and lower airways without causing systemic side effects, although therapeutic trials in children with tracheostomy tubes are lacking. Several preventative measures such as regular airway clearance and the use of a speaking valve may mitigate the risk of developing respiratory infections.
Thermodynamic integration combined with molecular dynamic simulations to explore the cross‐resistance mechanism of isoniazid and ethionamide
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Yang Yuwei , Gong Xiaoqing , Zhao Nannan , Zhang Yang , Liu Huanxiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTuberculosis is an ancient disease of mankind, and its causative bacterium is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Isoniazid is one of the most effective first‐line antituberculosis drugs. As prodrugs, it and its derivative ethionamide act on enoyl‐acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) after being oxidized in bacteria, and kill the bacteria by inhibiting the formation of M. tuberculosis cell walls. However, the S94A mutation of InhA causes M. tuberculosis to develop cross‐resistance to isoniazid and ethionamide. This work is dedicated to studying the cross‐resistance mechanism of isoniazid and ethionamide through theoretical calculations. First, thermodynamic integral simulations are used to accurately calculate the relative binding energy of two drugs in the mutant and wild‐type system. Furthermore, through classic molecular dynamic simulations and molecular mechanics generalized‐Born surface area calculation, some key residues are identified and the binding affinity of isoniazid and ethionamide reduced by 9–13 kcal/mol due to S94A mutation. The hydrogen bond between Ala94 and isoniazid (ethionamide) disappeared and the energy contribution of Ala94 decreased after the mutation. In addition, the dynamic network analysis indicated that the mutation of Ser94 also indirectly affected the conformation of key residues such as Met147, Thr196, and Leu97, resulting in a reduction in the energy contribution of these residues. Finally, the binding conformation of isoniazid and ethionamide has also undergone major changes. The obtained results could provide valuable information for the future molecular design to overcome the drug resistance.
PFAS Experts Symposium 2: Key advances in poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl characterization, fate, and transport
Authors: Bryant J. Daniel , Anderson Richard , Bolyard Stephanie C. , Bradburne J. Tim , Brusseau Mark L. , Carey Grant , Chiang Dora , Gwinn Rosa , Hoye Brian R. , Maher Thomas L. , McGrath Angus E. , Schroeder Matthew , Thompson Bruce R. , Woodward David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe PFAS Experts Symposium 2, held virtually from June 29 to July 1, 2021, brought together experts from a wide range of disciplines to discuss recent advances and current thinking regarding per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment. Within the general areas of characterization and fate and transport, three topics were identified that are of relevance for site assessment and remediation, and for which our understanding has greatly expanded or evolved since the first PFAS Experts Symposium in 2019: the significance of background PFAS sources to the environment, the relevance and use of nonselective analytes in site characterization, and PFAS retention in soil and the vadose zone. PFAS have been identified in shallow soil nearly worldwide, including far from known or suspected PFAS sources, and PFAS detected in soil and groundwater at sites under environmental investigation may not reflect on‐site sources. New advances in nonselective preparation and analytical methods offer promise for more rapid site screening and for assessing the presence and relative concentration of nontargeted PFAS. We also now recognize that a wide range of soil characteristics and processes may affect PFAS sorption and desorption from soil, and ultimately influence PFAS mobility and concentration in groundwater and surface water.