bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction Grammar Conceptual Network: Coordination-based graph method for semantic association analysis
Authors: Perak Benedikt , Ban Kirigin Tajana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, we present the Construction Grammar Conceptual Network method, developed for identifying lexical similarity and word sense discrimination in a syntactically tagged corpus, based on the cognitive linguistic assumption that coordination construction instantiates conceptual relatedness. This graph analysis method projects a semantic value onto a given coordinated syntactic dependency and constructs a second-order lexical network of lexical collocates with a high co-occurrence measure. The subsequent process of clustering and pruning the graph reveals lexical communities with high conceptual similarity, which are interpreted as associated senses of the source lexeme. We demonstrate the theory and its application to the task of identifying the conceptual structure and different meanings of nouns, adjectives and verbs using examples from different corpora, and explain the modulating effects of linguistic and graph parameters. This graph approach is based on syntactic dependency processing and can be used as a complementary method to other contemporary natural language processing resources to enrich semantic tasks such as word disambiguation, domain relatedness, sense structure, identification of synonymy, metonymy, and metaphoricity, as well as to automate comprehensive meta-reasoning about languages and identify cross/intra-cultural discourse variations of prototypical conceptualization patterns and knowledge representations. As a contribution, we provide a web-based app athttp://emocnet.uniri.hr/.
Comments on Katharina T. Kraus, Kant on Self-Knowledge and Self-Formation: The Nature of Inner Experience
Authors: Wood Allen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKraus’s book is both deep and wide-ranging. My comments focus on her account of Kant on self-awareness – both a priori and empirical apperception. Basic to her account is what she calls the hylomorphism of mental faculties in Kant. Kraus distinguishes her ‘reflexive’ account of apperception from both ‘logical’ and ‘psychological’ accounts. An inevitable question is: Does Kant think we have an empirical cognition of the self? Kraus seems to want to say yes, but I question this answer. Cognition requires both intuition and conception. My claim is that it requires intuition in both space and time, but inner empirical self-awareness is apparently in time only. Kant’s Refutation of Idealism in B, as developed later in the Kiesewetter essays, makes awareness of our body essential to time determination.
From Logic to Functional Logic Programs
Authors: HANUS MICHAEL 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLogic programming is a flexible programming paradigm due to the use of predicates without a fixed data flow. To extend logic languages with the compact notation of functional programming, there are various proposals to map evaluable functions into predicates in order to stay in the logic programming framework. Since amalgamated functional logic languages offer flexible as well as efficient evaluation strategies, we propose an opposite approach in this paper. By mapping logic programs into functional logic programs with a transformation based on inferring functional dependencies, we develop a fully automatic transformation which keeps the flexibility of logic programming but can improve computations by reducing infinite search spaces to finite ones.
The view of the past in international humanitarian law (1860–2020)
Authors: De Baets Antoon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis essay explores how the drafters of international humanitarian law (IHL) incorporated the past into their work between 1860 and 2020, and how they approached time, memory and history as indicators for this view of the past. Its sources consist of the complete series of general conventional and customary IHL instruments as well as the leading commentaries on them. For the IHL view of time, the impact of legal principles on the perception of time is scrutinized. Balancing nonretroactivity against customary international law and the humanity principle broadens the temporal scope towards the past, while balancing legal forgetting against imprescriptibility and State succession broadens it towards the future. For the IHL view of memory, dead persons and cultural heritage are seen as crucial vectors. Attention to the fate of the dead has been a constant hallmark of IHL, while care for cultural heritage has an even longer pedigree. For the IHL view of history, the essay highlights that the International Committee of the Red Cross has consistently advocated State duties to the war dead and has organized an archival infrastructure to satisfy the need – later converted into a right – of families and society to search for the historical truth about them.Furthermore, the responses of IHL drafters to five major historical challenges are examined. First, while in the realm of war crimes impunity prevailed for most of history, after World War II a system of war crimes trials was mounted, culminating in the International Criminal Court. Second, soul-searching about the atrocities of World War II, including the Holocaust, helped create Geneva Convention IV of 1949, which protects civilians in wartime. Third, the human rights idea was not fully embraced by IHL treaty drafters until 1968. Fourth, the IHL approach to civil wars was slow and incomplete, but its appearance in 1949 and coming of age in 1977 were breakthroughs nevertheless. Fifth, colonial conflicts were not recognized as international wars in 1949, when this could have had considerable impact, but only in 1977, when decolonization was largely over. In all cases, the responses to these historical challenges came after long delays. Clearly, the IHL view of the past has to be assessed on a transgenerational scale.
The “Glorious” Revolution’s Inglorious Religious Commitment: Why Parliamentary Rule Failed to Secure Religious Liberty
Authors: Kulkarni Parashar , Pfaff Steven 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany scholars contend that the “Glorious” Revolution of 1688 restrained governmental abuses in Britain by preventing the Crown from engaging in irresponsible behavior. However, the question of whether it imposed similar restraints on Parliament has received limited scrutiny. This oversight applies in particular to the religious sphere and outside of England. Rather than create the general conditions for liberty, we contend that the institutional legacy of the Revolution of 1688 was biased toward those in the winning coalition and that its positive effect on liberty is overstated. Analyzing the institutional legacy of the Glorious Revolution on religion in Scotland, we use narrative evidence and systematic evaluation of legislation to show that, rather than establishing the conditions for religious liberty in Britain, the revolution transferred power from one denomination to the other. The arbitrary religious repression symptomatic of the prerevolutionary Crown persisted because the religious liberties enshrined in the Revolution depended largely on whether a group was a member of its winning coalition. Whereas the Crown and the Episcopalians suppressed the Presbyterians prior to 1688, afterward an alliance between the Scottish Presbyterians and the English Parliament reinstated Presbyterianism as the established Scottish Church. This reversal allowed the Presbyterians to suppress the Episcopalians. Religious tolerance and attendant civil rights expanded only with secularization in the nineteenth century when the political representation of other denominations and religions increased and factionalism undercut Presbyterian monopoly.
A Comparison of Hybrid‐Gain Versus Hybrid‐Covariance Data Assimilation for Global NWP
Authors: Whitaker Jeffrey S. , Shlyaeva Anna , Penny Stephen G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTwo methods for incorporating a time‐invariant, high‐rank covariance estimate in an ensemble‐based data assimilation system for global weather prediction are compared. The hybrid‐covariance approach linearly combines the static and ensemble‐based covariance estimate in a four‐dimensional variational solver, whereas the hybrid‐gain approach blends analysis increments computed separately using a three‐dimensional variational solution and an ensemble Kalman filter solution. Results show that the simpler and less expensive hybrid‐gain approach performs similarly if the incremental normal‐mode balance constraint applied to the ensemble‐part of the hybrid‐covariance update is turned off.
3D model of the geometric nest structure, the “mystery circle,” constructed by pufferfish
Authors: Kawase Hiroshi , Kitajima Yuki , Iwai Daisuke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA small pufferfish, Torquigener albomaculosus, is known to construct an elaborate geometric circular structure, which has been referred to as a “mystery circle,” with a diameter of ~2 m in the sand of the seabed. We reconstructed a 3D model of this structure for the first time using a “structure from motion” (SfM) algorithm. The mystery circle constructed by the pufferfish may have potential applications for biomimetics similar to the structures constructed by termites and prairie dogs. To support the significance of its structural characteristics, it was observed that the water passing through the valley upstream always gathers in the center of the structure, regardless of the direction of water flow. Furthermore, it has the function of extracting fine-grained sand particles from the valleys and directing these to the center. Computational fluid analysis can be performed immediately using the quantified 3D data, and the structural features of the mystery circle is expected to be applied in a wide range of fields, such as architecture and engineering, via biomimetics.
NAC transcription factors ATAF1 and ANAC055 affect the heat stress response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Alshareef Nouf Owdah , Otterbach Sophie L. , Allu Annapurna Devi , Woo Yong H. , de Werk Tobias , Kamranfar Iman , Mueller-Roeber Bernd , Tester Mark , Balazadeh Salma , Schmöckel Sandra M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPre-exposing (priming) plants to mild, non-lethal elevated temperature improves their tolerance to a later higher-temperature stress (triggering stimulus), which is of great ecological importance. ‘Thermomemory’ is maintaining this tolerance for an extended period of time. NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2 (NAC) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that modulate responses to abiotic stresses, including heat stress (HS). Here, we investigated the potential role of NACs for thermomemory. We determined the expression of 104 Arabidopsis NAC genes after priming and triggering heat stimuli, and foundATAF1expression is strongly induced right after priming and declines below control levels thereafter during thermorecovery. Knockout mutants ofATAF1show better thermomemory than wild type, revealing a negative regulatory role. Differential expression analyses of RNA-seq data fromATAF1overexpressor,ataf1mutant and wild-type plants after heat priming revealed five genes that might be priming-associated direct targets of ATAF1:AT2G31260(ATG9),AT2G41640(GT61),AT3G44990(XTH31),AT4G27720andAT3G23540. Based on co-expression analyses applied to the aforementioned RNA-seq profiles, we identifiedANAC055to be transcriptionally co-regulated withATAF1. Likeataf1,anac055mutants show improved thermomemory, revealing a potential co-control of both NAC TFs over thermomemory. Our data reveals a core importance of two NAC transcription factors, ATAF1 and ANAC055, for thermomemory.
The genetic consequences of captive breeding, environmental change and human exploitation in the endangered peninsular pronghorn
Authors: Klimova Anastasia , Gutiérrez-Rivera Jesus Neftalí , Sánchez-Sotomayor Victor , Hoffman Joseph Ivan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEndangered species with small population sizes are susceptible to genetic erosion, which can be detrimental to long-term persistence. Consequently, monitoring and mitigating the loss of genetic diversity are essential for conservation. The Peninsular pronghorn (Antilocapra americana peninsularis) is an endangered pronghorn subspecies that is almost entirely held in captivity. Captive breeding has increased the number of pronghorns from 25 founders in 1997 to around 700 individuals today, but it is unclear how the genetic diversity of the captive herd may have changed over time. We therefore generated and analysed data for 16 microsatellites spanning 2009–2021. We detected a decline in heterozygosity and an increase in the proportion of inbred individuals over time. However, these trends appear to have been partially mitigated by a genetically informed breeding management attempt that was implemented in 2018. We also reconstructed the recent demographic history of the Peninsular pronghorn, revealing two sequential population declines putatively linked to the desertification of the Baja California peninsula around 6000 years ago, and hunting and habitat loss around 500 years ago, respectively. Our results provide insights into the genetic diversity of an endangered antelope and indicate the potential for genetically informed management to have positive conservation outcomes.
Anatomical harmonics basis based brain source localization with application to epilepsy
Authors: Giri Amita , Kumar Lalan , Kurwale Nilesh , Gandhi Tapan K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBrain Source Localization (BSL) using Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been a useful noninvasive modality for the diagnosis of epileptogenic zones, study of evoked related potentials, and brain disorders. The inverse solution of BSL is limited by high computational cost and localization error. The performance is additionally limited by head shape assumption and the corresponding harmonics basis function. In this work, an anatomical harmonics basis (Spherical Harmonics (SH), and more particularly Head Harmonics (H2)) based BSL is presented. The spatio-temporal four shell head model is formulated in SH and H2 domain. The anatomical harmonics domain formulation leads to dimensionality reduction and increased contribution of source eigenvalues, resulting in decreased computation and increased accuracy respectively. The performance of spatial subspace based Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) and Recursively Applied and Projected (RAP)-MUSIC method is compared with the proposed SH and H2 counterparts on simulated data. SH and H2 domain processing effectively resolves the problem of high computational cost without sacrificing the inverse source localization accuracy. The proposed H2 MUSIC was additionally validated for epileptogenic zone localization on clinical EEG data. The proposed framework offers an effective solution to clinicians in automated and time efficient seizure localization.
Validating daily social media macroscopes of emotions
Authors: Pellert Max , Metzler Hannah , Matzenberger Michael , Garcia David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMeasuring sentiment in social media text has become an important practice in studying emotions at the macroscopic level. However, this approach can suffer from methodological issues like sampling biases and measurement errors. To date, it has not been validated if social media sentiment can actually measure the temporal dynamics of mood and emotions aggregated at the level of communities. We ran a large-scale survey at an online newspaper to gather daily mood self-reports from its users, and compare these with aggregated results of sentiment analysis of user discussions. We find strong correlations between text analysis results and levels of self-reported mood, as well as between inter-day changes of both measurements. We replicate these results using sentiment data from Twitter. We show that a combination of supervised text analysis methods based on novel deep learning architectures and unsupervised dictionary-based methods have high agreement with the time series of aggregated mood measured with self-reports. Our findings indicate that macro level dynamics of mood expressed on an online platform can be tracked with social media text, especially in situations of high mood variability.
Use of giant unilamellar lipid vesicles as antioxidant carriers in in vitro culture medium of bovine embryos
Authors: Rossi Luana Teixeira Rodrigues , Nunes Giovana Barros , da Silva Cíntia Rodrigues , de Rossi Hugo , dos Santos Priscila Helena , Nogueira Marcelo Fábio Gouveia , Aoki Pedro Henrique Benites , Mingoti Gisele Zoccal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGiant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are composed of lipophilic layers and are sensitive to the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The use of GUVs as microcarriers of biological macromolecules is particularly interesting since ROS produced by gametes or embryos during in vitro culture can induce the opening of pores in the membrane of these vesicles and cause the release of their content. This study investigated the behavior of GUVs [composed of 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl)] in co-culture with in vitro produced bovine embryos, as well as their embryotoxicity and effectiveness as cysteine carriers in culture medium. Embryonic developmental rates were unaffected, demonstrating the absence of toxicity of GUVs co-cultured with the embryos. No increase of intracellular ROS levels was observed in the embryos co-cultured with GUVs, indicating that the higher lipid content of the culture environment resulting from the lipid composition of the GUV membrane itself did not increase oxidative stress. Variations in the diameter and number of GUVs demonstrated their sensitivity to ROS produced by embryos cultured under conditions that generate oxidative stress. Encapsulation of cysteine in GUVs was found to be more effective in controlling the production of ROS in embryonic cells than direct dilution of this antioxidant in the medium. In conclusion, the use of GUVs in in vitro culture was found to be safe since these vesicles did not promote toxic effects nor did they increase intracellular ROS concentrations in the embryos. GUVs were sensitive to oxidative stress, which resulted in structural changes in response to the action of ROS. The possible slow release of cysteine into the culture medium by GUV rupture would therefore favor the gradual supply of cysteine, prolonging its presence in the medium. Thus, the main implication of the use of GUVs as cysteine microcarriers is the greater effectiveness in preventing the intracytoplasmic increase of ROS in in vitro produced bovine embryos.
Study of tribological properties of human buccal epithelium cell membranes using probe microscopy
Authors: Torhov N. A. , Mosunov A. A. , Novikov V. A. , Ivonin I. V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work demostrates a unique method for determining the absolute value of the friction force of a nanoobject on the surface of a cell membrane using atomic force microscopy. The tribological properties of membranes of adult human buccal epithelium cells in the presence of a protective adsorption buffer layer of ~ 100 nm on their surface were studied using atomic force microscopy in the contact scanning mode. Local mapping of the tribological characteristics of the surface was carried out, viz. friction FL = FL(x, y) and adhesion Fadh = Fadh(x, y) forces were measured. Studies of the friction force Ffr on the membrane surface at the nanolevel showed that its value varies discretely with an interval equal to lLF ≈ 100 nm. It was shown that such discreteness is determined by the interval lLF of the action of adhesive forces Fadh and indicates the fractal nature of the functional dependence of the friction force on the coordinate Ffr = Ffr(x). Thus, for nano-objects with dimensions ≤ lLF, the absolute value of Ffr decreases according to a power law with an increase in the size of the object, which contradicts the similar dependence of the friction force for macro-objects in the global approximation.
Neural network based successor representations to form cognitive maps of space and language
Authors: Stoewer Paul , Schlieker Christian , Schilling Achim , Metzner Claus , Maier Andreas , Krauss Patrick 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHow does the mind organize thoughts? The hippocampal-entorhinal complex is thought to support domain-general representation and processing of structural knowledge of arbitrary state, feature and concept spaces. In particular, it enables the formation of cognitive maps, and navigation on these maps, thereby broadly contributing to cognition. It has been proposed that the concept of multi-scale successor representations provides an explanation of the underlying computations performed by place and grid cells. Here, we present a neural network based approach to learn such representations, and its application to different scenarios: a spatial exploration task based on supervised learning, a spatial navigation task based on reinforcement learning, and a non-spatial task where linguistic constructions have to be inferred by observing sample sentences. In all scenarios, the neural network correctly learns and approximates the underlying structure by building successor representations. Furthermore, the resulting neural firing patterns are strikingly similar to experimentally observed place and grid cell firing patterns. We conclude that cognitive maps and neural network-based successor representations of structured knowledge provide a promising way to overcome some of the short comings of deep learning towards artificial general intelligence.
Using active matter to introduce spatial heterogeneity to the susceptible infected recovered model of epidemic spreading
Authors: Forgács P. , Libál A. , Reichhardt C. , Hengartner N. , Reichhardt C. J. O. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe widely used susceptible-infected-recovered (S-I-R) epidemic model assumes a uniform, well-mixed population, and incorporation of spatial heterogeneities remains a major challenge. Understanding failures of the mixing assumption is important for designing effective disease mitigation approaches. We combine a run-and-tumble self-propelled active matter system with an S-I-R model to capture the effects of spatial disorder. Working in the motility-induced phase separation regime both with and without quenched disorder, we find two epidemic regimes. For low transmissibility, quenched disorder lowers the frequency of epidemics and increases their average duration. For high transmissibility, the epidemic spreads as a front and the epidemic curves are less sensitive to quenched disorder; however, within this regime it is possible for quenched disorder to enhance the contagion by creating regions of higher particle densities. We discuss how this system could be realized using artificial swimmers with mobile optical traps operated on a feedback loop.