bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive Deep Initial Incision Margin Affects Outcomes in TORS for HPV+ Oropharynx Cancer
Authors: Kejner Alexandra , Gentile Christopher , Porterfield Zachary , Carroll William R. , Buczek Erin Partington 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveEvaluate the effect of initial incision margins (IIM) on clinical outcomes after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) squamous cell cancers of the oropharynx (OPSCC).MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients undergoing TORS for HPV+ OPSCC from 2007 to 2015 was performed. Overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), recurrence, and metastases were evaluated in the context of pathology, IIM, final margins, adjuvant therapy, and patient characteristics.ResultsNinety‐five patients with HPV+ OPSCC undergoing primary surgery were identified. 88% of these patients had no evidence of disease at the conclusion of the study (average follow‐up 45 months). Twenty were identified that had true positive IIM and 16 had very close IIM, with the remainder demonstrating widely negative margins. Tumor very close to or involving the deep margin but not a mucosal margin was associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion were associated with positive IIM. Positive or very close IIM on the deep margin was found to impact DSS and recurrence.ConclusionObtaining negative IIM while performing TORS for HPV+ OPSCC is a modifiable factor that affects recurrence and DSS. Larger surgical margins should be considered in patients with perineural invasion or whose tumor abuts the initial deep margin.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:1132–1137, 2023
Predicting Progression of Oral Lesions to Malignancy Using Machine Learning
Authors: Wu Michael P. , Hsu Grace , Varvares Mark A. , Crowson Matthew G. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo use large‐scale electronic health record (EHR) data to develop machine learning models predicting malignant transformation of oral lesions.MethodsA multi‐institutional health system database was used to identify a retrospective cohort of patients with biopsied oral lesions. The primary outcome was malignant transformation. Chart review and automated system database queries were used to identify a range of demographic, clinical, and pathologic variables. Machine learning was used to develop predictive models for progression to malignancy.ResultsThere were 2192 patients with a biopsied oral lesion, of whom 1232 had biopsy proven oral dysplasia. There was malignant transformation in 34% of patients in the oral lesions dataset, and in 54% of patients in the dysplasia subset. Multiple machine learning‐based models were trained on the data in two experiments, (a) including all patients with biopsied oral lesions and (b) including only patients with biopsy‐proven dysplasia. In the first experiment, the best machine learning models predicted malignant transformation among the biopsied oral lesions with an area under the curve (AUC) of 86%. In the second experiment, the random forest model predicted malignant transformation among lesions with dysplasia with an AUC of 0.75. The most influential features were dysplasia grade and the presence of multiple lesions, with smaller influences from other features including anemia, histopathologic description of atypia, and other prior cancer history.ConclusionWith diverse features from EHR data, machine learning approaches are feasible and allow for generation of models that predict which oral lesions are likely to progress to malignancy.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:1156–1162, 2023
Unveiling the increasingly altered patterns of wetland ecosystem functional diversity in the lower Delta of the Paraná River
Authors: Aquino Diego Sebastián , Gavier‐Pizarro Gregorio I. , Quintana Rubén Darío 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince climate, environmental and anthropic controls affect ecosystem functioning simultaneously, wetlands are permanently changing at different spatio–temporal scales. Thus, regionalizations based not only on structural, but also on functional features of ecosystems constitute a much‐needed baseline towards proper decision‐making and environmental management in the context of land degradation and water management infrastructure. Our aim was to identify and characterize the spatio‐temporal patterns of ecosystem functional diversity in a highly diverse and altered mosaic of wetland ecosystems and assess its environmental and anthropic controls. The characterization was based on satellite‐derived functional units (FUs), involving seven rasterized traits derived from complementary time‐series decomposition techniques applied to a 15‐year n….. v…… d… i….. (NDVI) product (2001–2015). The study area exhibited a vast functional heterogeneity, strongly related to differing anthropic and hydro‐geomorphological features. Vegetation dynamics were increasingly restricted by the precipitation regime in areas naturally or anthropically decoupled from the flood pulse, which also exhibited the lowest ecosystem functional richness. Depicted as morpho‐dynamically stable, areas still subject to recurring overflow events and higher water permanence exhibited sustained NDVI values during the growing season. Our study addresses a proper case of globally widespread land degradation processes occurring across several wetland ecosystems on Earth. Particularly, development of unrestricted water management infrastructure and decouplement from the hydrologic regime suggests an ongoing loss of ecosystem functional diversity and constrained carbon gain dynamics. In this context, the spatio‐temporal accuracy of our study constitutes a reliable and replicable foundation, suitable for improvement of environmental management in wetland ecosystems.
Influence of land‐use changes on microbial community structure and diversity in a semiarid region
Authors: Vázquez Carolina , Verdenelli Romina A. , Merlo Carolina , Pérez Brandan Carolina , Kowaljow Esteban , Meriles José M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLand‐use change and the conversion of land into croplands is one of the main drivers of soil degradation and the loss of soil organic carbon. Few studies have evaluated the impact of the expansion of the agricultural frontier on soil microbial communities in the Gran Chaco region in South America; therefore, the objective of this study was to explore how soil microbial communities respond to land‐use changes in a semiarid region of Argentina. The land uses selected were total and selective clearing with livestock (TC‐livestock and SC‐livestock), total clearing with agriculture (TC‐agriculture), and an undisturbed site (R‐Chancaní). Our results suggest that microbial abundances were strongly influenced by seasonal changes. In both seasons, the lowest values of total microbial biomass were observed in TC‐agriculture and TC‐livestock. In the wet season, TC‐agriculture had the lowest fungal abundance, and both total clearing sites (TC‐livestock and TC‐agriculture) had higher bacterial abundance than the other sites. Our data also showed that the Shannon and richness indices were highest at the farming sites, indicating a similar tendency in the diversity indexes in both dry and wet seasons. According to Pearson correlation analysis, humic substance (HS) content was a key driver influencing soil microbial communities, demonstrating that high HS content may significantly increase bacteria, fungi, and total phospholipid fatty acids. Microbial composition highly depended on seasonal changes. Overall, our results suggest that land‐use change altered microbial community structure and bacterial diversity, and that HS content played a crucial role in driving changes in soil microbial composition.
Single Crystals Self‐Assembled to Sector‐Face Dendritic Aggregates by Synchrotron Microbeam X‐Ray Analysis on Poly(ethylene succinate)
Authors: Nagarajan Selvaraj , Li Hsiao‐Hua , Woo Eamor M. , Chuang Wei‐Tsung , Tsai Yi Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPoly(ethylene succinate) (PESu), upon crystallization with a morphology‐modulating diluent and at low degree of supercooling, forms peculiarly novel sector‐face dendritic aggregates. Delicate dissection by various microscopic techniques is used to confirm the unique differences of these two faces in the PESu dendrites. Powerful synchrotron‐source generated X‐ray microbeam analysis is performed to prove without doubt the nature of the single crystals that self‐assemble into these two sectors, respectively. Both microscopy results and 1D/2D wide‐angle X‐ray patterns collectively confirm that one sector‐face of the PESu dendrites is composed all fully flat‐on with the single‐crystal's basal face contacting the substrate and branching growth with mutual perpendicular ≈90° angle intersections; the second face is composed fully edge‐on with the prism face contacting the substrate and growth with mutual oblique 5–30° angle intersections. The growth intersection angles are also proved by the azimuthal angles in 1D and 2D X‐ray patterns.
Algebraic completion without the axiom of choice
Authors: Harmse Jørgen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLäuchli and Pincus showed that existence of algebraic completions of all fields cannot be proved from Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory alone. On the other hand, important special cases do follow. In particular, I show that an algebraic completion of can be constructed in Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory.
Progress, Challenge, and Perspective of Fabricating Cellulose
Authors: Qiao Haiyu , Li Maoyuan , Wang Chuanyang , Zhang Yun , Zhou Huamin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCellulose as the most abundant biopolymers on Earth, presents appealing performance in mechanical properties, thermal management, and versatile functionalization. Developing fabrication methods to design functional materials and open new application areas. However, cellulose is hard to be dissolved or melt due to its recalcitrant property. Herein, the recent progress of fabricating cellulose is summarized. First, the unique hierarchical structure of cellulose is fully investigated and the resulted processability is analysed in directions of down to nanocellulose, dissolution, and thermoplastic processing. Then, the reported fabrication methods are summarized in three aspects: (1) self‐assembly from nano/micro cellulose suspensions, especially the formation of cellulose nanocrystals; (2) dissolution–regeneration–drying, covering spinning and solvent infusion processing; and (3) thermoplastic processing, focusing on the setup and the morphology changes of the prepared products. In each aspect, the flowchart of the fabrication method, the mechanism, fabricated products, and effects of processing parameters are explored. Finally, this review provides a perspective on the further direction of fabricating cellulose, especially the challenges toward mass production.
A novel stair‐finger grid type transistor for high‐performance millimeter‐wave power amplifier
Authors: Li Linhong , Zhang Zhaofeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA novel stair‐finger grid type (SFGT) transistor layout is proposed in this letter to improve the and of large‐sized transistors for the millimeter‐wave power amplifier (PA). It combines the promoted stair‐finger transistor cells in a grid pattern to minimize parasitic capacitances and metal losses, which has been verified to provide higher gain over broadband by measurements. Two three‐stage dual‐differential PAs with different transistor layouts are compared in this letter. The PA employs a capacitive neutralization technique and distributed active transformer‐based combiner and divider. Fabricated in the Huali Microelectronics Corporation (HLMC) 40‐nm Complementary Metal Oxide (CMOS) (Co process, the PA with SFGT transistor [PA2] achieves higher gain and output power than the PA with the currently best‐known transistor [PA1]). PA2 achieves 15.22 dBm saturated output power (), 14.25 dBm output power at 1 dB compression point (), and 18.09 dB power gain when the basic supply is 1.1 V at 83 GHz.
Design of single‐band antenna with T‐shaped patch for wireless applications
Authors: Naik Ketavath Kumar , Sree Ram Kiran Nag M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel compact patch antenna is presented for wireless communication applications. The proposed antenna has three T‐shaped patches (TSP) connected to the feed line and crossed I‐slots are etched on the ground plane to operate a single resonating band with low interference. The TSP antenna operating frequency is 10.98 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 850 MHz, a reflection coefficient of −38.11 dB, and a gain of 6.44 dBi. The radiation patterns are also presented for E‐plane and H‐plane. The proposed TSP antenna model is fabricated and tested. Good agreement is achieved with simulated and measured results.
A polarization‐insensitive dual‐band terahertz absorber using triangle graphene metamaterial structure
Authors: Guo Jianying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA polarization‐insensitive dual‐band terahertz absorber using a single‐layer periodic triangle graphene metamaterial structure is presented in this paper. Through constructing the periodic triangle graphene structure with three embedded T‐shaped graphene strips, two absorption peaks at 1.98 and 3.68 THz with high absorption rates can be obtained and tuned by the variations of geometric parameters or graphene's Fermi energy levels. Furthermore, the proposed dual‐band terahertz absorber possesses the properties of polarization insensitivity and incident angle robustness. This study will have a significant potential for the design of graphene‐based absorbers with different working frequencies at the terahertz regime.
Macromolecular background signal and non‐Gaussian metabolite diffusion determined in human brain using ultra‐high diffusion weighting
Authors: Şimşek Kadir , Döring André , Pampel André , Möller Harald E. , Kreis Roland 
Published: July 2022

PurposeDefinition of a macromolecular MR spectrum based on diffusion properties rather than relaxation time differences and characterization of non‐Gaussian diffusion of brain metabolites with strongly diffusion‐weighted MR spectroscopy.MethodsShort echo time MRS with strong diffusion‐weighting with b‐values up to 25 ms/μm2 at two diffusion times was implemented on a Connectom system and applied in combination with simultaneous spectral and diffusion decay modeling. Motion‐compensation was performed with a combined method based on the simultaneously acquired water and a macromolecular signal.ResultsThe motion compensation scheme prevented spurious signal decay reflected in very small apparent diffusion constants for macromolecular signal. Macromolecular background signal patterns were determined using multiple fit strategies. Signal decay corresponding to non‐Gaussian metabolite diffusion was represented by biexponential fit models yielding parameter estimates for human gray matter that are in line with published rodent data. The optimal fit strategies used constraints for the signal decay of metabolites with limited signal contributions to the overall spectrum.ConclusionThe determined macromolecular spectrum based on diffusion properties deviates from the conventional one derived from longitudinal relaxation time differences calling for further investigation before use as experimental basis spectrum when fitting clinical MR spectra. The biexponential characterization of metabolite signal decay is the basis for investigations into pathologic alterations of microstructure.
Deuterium MRSI of tumor cell death in vivo following oral delivery of 2H‐labeled fumarate
Authors: Hesse Friederike , Wright Alan J. , Bulat Flaviu , Somai Vencel , Kreis Felix , Brindle Kevin M. 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThere is an unmet clinical need for direct and sensitive methods to detect cell death in vivo, especially with regard to monitoring tumor treatment response. We have shown previously that tumor cell death can be detected in vivo from 2H MRS and MRSI measurements of increased [2,3‐2H2]malate production following intravenous injection of [2,3‐2H2]fumarate. We show here that cell death can be detected with similar sensitivity following oral administration of the 2H‐labeled fumarate.MethodsMice with subcutaneously implanted EL4 tumors were fasted for 1 h before administration (200 μl) of [2,3‐2H2]fumarate (2 g/kg bodyweight) via oral gavage without anesthesia. The animals were then anesthetized, and after 30 min, tumor conversion of [2,3‐2H2]fumarate to [2,3‐2H2]malate was assessed from a series of 13 2H spectra acquired over a period of 65 min. The 2H spectra and 2H spectroscopic images were acquired using a surface coil before and at 48 h after treatment with a chemotherapeutic drug (etoposide, 67 mg/kg).ResultsThe malate/fumarate signal ratio increased from 0.022 ± 0.03 before drug treatment to 0.12 ± 0.04 following treatment (p = 0.023, n = 4). Labeled malate was undetectable in spectroscopic images acquired before treatment and increased in the tumor area following treatment. The increase in the malate/fumarate signal ratio was similar to that observed previously following intravenous administration of labeled fumarate.ConclusionOrally administered [2,3‐2H2]fumarate can be used to detect tumor cell death noninvasively following treatment with a sensitivity that is similar to that obtained with intravenous administration.
Second‐order accurate hierarchical approximate factorizations for solving sparse linear systems
Authors: Klockiewicz Bazyli , Cambier Léopold , Humble Ryan , Tchelepi Hamdi , Darve Eric 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe a second‐order accurate approach to sparsifying the off‐diagonal matrix blocks in the hierarchical approximate factorization methods for solving sparse linear systems. These methods repeatedly sparsify the fill‐in matrix blocks that arise in block Gaussian elimination, to compute an approximate factorization of the given matrix, assuming that the fill‐in blocks are low‐rank. The factorization is then used for preconditioning in a Krylov subspace method, such as the conjugate gradient method (CG), BiCGSTAB or GMRES. However, to achieve fast convergence on ill‐conditioned systems, sparsifications can only introduce a small error, in which case they may inefficiently restore sparsity, and consequently the factorization can take a lot of time to compute. In the novel approach to sparsification, the 2‐norm of the incurred error in the sparsification of a matrix block is squared compared to previous approaches, with no additional computations. We incorporate the new approach into the recent sparsified nested dissection algorithm and test it on a wide range of symmetric positive definite problems. The new approach halves the number of CG iterations needed for convergence, significantly improving the overall performance of the algorithm. Our approach can be incorporated into other solvers that exploit the low‐rank property of matrix blocks.
Beyond revenue diversification: Service diversification and service costs in nonprofit acute care hospitals
Authors: Lu Jiahuan , Shon Jongmin , Park Young Joo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany nonprofits are multi‐service organizations that provide a range of services. However, how nonprofits manage their service portfolios has not received much scholarly attention in nonprofit management research. In this research note, informed by studies on product diversification in strategic management research in the business management literature, we explore the effect of a nonprofit's service diversification on its service costs, using nonprofit hospitals as an empirical context. Through a longitudinal study of U.S. nonprofit acute care hospitals, we find that a nonprofit hospital's level of service diversification is associated with a decrease in its average service costs. Further, both related diversification and unrelated diversification are associated with a decrease in average service costs, but the association of related diversification is greater. This research note informs an understudied line of inquiry in nonprofit management research and calls for more research attention to nonprofits' service portfolios.
Full‐waveform inversion of surface waves based on instantaneous‐phase coherency
Authors: Tohti Munirdin , Liu Jianhuan , Xiao Wenjiao , Wang Yibo , Di Qingyun , Zhou Kefa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFull‐waveform inversion of surface waves can provide high‐resolution S‐wave velocity (Vs) of the shallow subsurface and is becoming a popular shallow‐seismic method. We propose a misfit function based on instantaneous‐phase coherency, which can measure the amplitude‐unbiased coherency between measured and synthetic data. The instantaneous‐phase coherency was once the key component that was used in the phase‐weight stacking technology to enhance the weak but coherent signals. Using synthetic data, we show that our full‐waveform inversion approach based on the proposed misfit function is robust in reconstructing subsurface anomalies from data contaminated by random noise. We also show that our misfit function is robust against the errors in the estimated source wavelets. We then choose to use published field data acquired at an archaeological site as a benchmark dataset to test the performance of our full‐waveform inversion in a real environment. Subsurface structures identified in our inversion results are verified by an independent archaeological excavation, while the results from conventional full‐waveform inversion are dominated by artefacts. The results of synthetic tests and field data experiments demonstrate the robustness of our full‐waveform inversion approach in reconstructing the shallow subsurface structure from field data, where amplitude information of recorded wavefield may not be correctly recorded.
Characterization of gas‐bearing sediments in the coastal environment using geophysical and geotechnical data
Authors: Dusart Judith , Tarits Pascal , Fabre Maud , Marsset Bruno , Jouet Gwenaël , Ehrhold Axel , Riboulot Vincent , Baltzer Agnès 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeismic investigation in marine gas‐bearing sediments often fails to get information below the acoustic mask created by free gas. To circumvent this problem, we combined collocated multichannel ultra‐high resolution seismic imaging, marine electrical resistivity tomography and core sampling to study the physical properties of gas‐bearing sediments in the Bay of Concarneau (France). We obtained sections of compression (P‐) wave velocity () from the multichannel processing and 2D resistivity models from the marine electrical resistivity tomography data inversion. We observed low resistivity (∼0.5 Ω·m) and low (∼1200 m/s) values where free gas was identified in the seismic data. We tested a joint processing workflow combining the 1D inversion of the marine electrical resistivity tomography data with the 2D P‐wave velocity through a structural coupling between resistivity and velocity. We obtained a series of 2D resistivity models fitting the data whilst in agreement with the data. The resulting models showed the continuity of the geological units below the acoustic gas fronts, which are associated with paleo‐valley sediment infilling. We were able to demonstrate relationships between resistivity and velocity differing from superficial to deeper sediments. We established these relationships at the geophysical scale and then compared the results to data from core sampling ( and porosity). We inferred the porosity distribution from the marine electrical resistivity tomography data. At the core locations, we observed a good agreement between this geophysical scale porosity and the core data both within and outside the gas‐bearing sediments. This agreement demonstrated that resistivity could be used as a proxy for porosity where no was available below gas caps. In these regions, the observed low resistivity showed a high porosity (60%–70%) down to about 10–20 m in depth, in contrast with the surrounding medium that has a porosity of less than 55%. These results support the hypothesis that failures inside the paleo‐valley sediment could control the gas migration.