bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of grass hay on whole corn grain-based diets
Authors: Ortêncio Marluci Olício , Araújo saulo Alberto do Carmo , Nogueira Marcos Augusto dos reis , Rocha Norberto Silva , Arcanjo Angelo Herbet Moreira , Soares Natália de Ávila , Botelho Caroline Silva , Silva Indiara Aparecida Alves da 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of adding Tifton-85 hay as a source of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) on intake, digestibility, and recovery of non-degraded corn in feces of growing cattle receiving whole corn grain-based diets. This work was conducted in two simultaneous Latin squares with eight Holstein x Gyr crossbred calves. The treatments were the inclusion of Tifton-85 hay levels in the whole corn diet without roughage. The control treatment (H0) was a diet with 85% whole corn and 15% of pellets (pelletized supplement), and the others were the inclusion of three levels of hay 0.2 % (H2); 0.6 % (H6); and 0.8% (H8) of body weight. The hay did not influence dry matter intake (DMI) and protein intake (CPI). We also did not observe any significant differences for dry matter digestibility (DMd), crude protein digestibility (CPd). However, there was a significant increase in the intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The increase in hay provided a reduction in the amount of corn in feces and led to a lower percentage of corn in feces retained in the 4 mm sieve, indicating a greater corn breakage by chewing. Given this, the inclusion of hay in whole corn grain-based diets can be a nutritional tool to increase the utilization of dietary energy.
Uncertainty-aware molecular dynamics from Bayesian active learning: Phase Transformations and Thermal Transport in SiC
Authors: Kozinsky Boris , Xie Yu , Vandermause Jonathan , Ramakers Senja , Protik Nakib , Johansson Anders 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Machine learning interatomic force fields are promising for combining high computational efficiency and accuracy in modeling quantum interactions and simulating atomic level processes. Active learning methods have been recently developed to train force fields efficiently and automatically. Among them, Bayesian active learning utilizes principled uncertainty quantification to make data acquisition decisions. In this work, we present an efficient Bayesian active learning workflow, where the force field is constructed from a sparse Gaussian process regression model based on atomic cluster expansion descriptors. To circumvent the high computational cost of the sparse Gaussian process uncertainty calculation, we formulate a high-performance approximate mapping of the uncertainty and demonstrate a speedup of several orders of magnitude. As an application, we train a model for silicon carbide (SiC), a wide-gap semiconductor with complex polymorphic structure and diverse technological applications in power electronics, nuclear physics and astronomy. We show that the high pressure phase transformation is accurately captured by the autonomous active learning workflow. The trained force field shows excellent agreement with both \textit{ab initio} calculations and experimental measurements, and outperforms existing empirical models on vibrational and thermal properties. The active learning workflow readily generalizes to a wide range of systems and accelerates computational understanding and design.
Understanding integrated service delivery: a scoping review of models for noncommunicable disease interventions in low-and-middle income countries
Authors: Adler Alma J , Drown Laura , Boudreaux Chantelle , Coates Matthew M , Marx Andrew , Akala Oyetayo , Waqanivalu Temo , Xu Hongyi , Bukhman Gene 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represent a growing proportion of disease burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Past efforts identified interventions to be delivered across health system levels to address this burden. The challenge remains of how to deliver heterogenous interventions in resource-constrained settings. One possible solution is the Integration of interventions within existing care delivery models. This study reviews and summarizes published literature on models of integrated NCD and mental health care in LMICs.
Methods
We performed a scoping review of studies describing an integrated model of NCD or neuropsychiatric conditions (NPs) implemented in a LMIC. Conditions of interest were grouped into common and severe NCDs and NPs. We identified domains of interest and types of service integration, conducting a narrative synthesis of study types. Studies were screened and characteristics were extracted for all relevant studies.
Results
Our search yielded 5004 studies, we included 219 models of integration from 188 studies. Most studies were conducted in middle-income countries, most commonly in sub-Saharan Africa. Health services were offered across all health system levels, with most models implemented at health centers. Common NCDs (including type 2 diabetes and hypertension) were most frequently addressed by these models, followed by common NPs (including depression and anxiety). Conditions and/or services were commonly integrated into existing primary healthcare, HIV, maternal and child health programs. Services provided for conditions of interest varied and frequency of these services differed across health system levels. Many models demonstrated decentralization of services to lower health system levels, and task shifting to lower cadre providers.
Conclusions
While integrated service design is a promising method to achieve ambitious global goals, little is known about what works, when, and why. This review characterizing care integration programs is an initial step toward developing a structured study of care integration.
Closing the concern-action gap through relational climate conversations: Insights from U.S. climate activists
Authors: Fine Julia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Several studies have found that relational climate conversations can be an effective method of increasing participants’ concern about the climate crisis and encouraging them to take collective action. However, little work has yet examined how such conversations are practiced by climate activists, a group with expertise in relational organizing. Drawing on surveys and semi-structured conversational interviews with climate activists across the United States, this analysis finds that activists frequently have climate conversations with other activists, friends, and family, most of whom are politically progressive and somewhat to very concerned about the climate crisis. These results might appear to suggest that climate activists only have climate conversations with like-minded others, producing an echo chamber effect that could entrench the political polarization of the issue. However, climate activists report strategic reasons for choosing like-minded audiences. Their primary conversational goals are not to win over the vocal minority of climate deniers, but instead to move people who are already concerned about the climate crisis to take collective action in accordance with values of climate justice, thereby closing the concern-action gap. These results look beyond partisan polarization to identify other obstacles to climate action, and suggest that relational climate conversations can be instrumental in overcoming these obstacles.
Association between pyrethroids exposure and risk of depressive symptoms among adults in the U.S.
Authors: Li Hui-ru , Fu Xi-hang , Song Ling-ling , Cen Man-qiu , Wu Jing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between pyrethroid exposure and the risk of depressive symptoms in adults in the US. Data of participants aged ≥ 20 years (n = 6402) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2007–2014) were included. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), an adequately detected pyrethroid metabolite, was used as a biomarker to assess pyrethroid exposure. Depressive symptoms were defined as a total score ≥ 10 using the Patient’s Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between urinary 3-PBA levels and the risk of depressive symptoms. In this study, 617 participants (weighted frequency, 8.31%) developed depressive symptoms. There was a significant positive association between ln-transformed 3-PBA and depressive symptoms after adjustment for all covariates and the weighted OR was 1.10 (95% CI, 1.03–1.18; P = 0.009). Participants in the highest tertile have a higher risk of depressive symptoms than those in the lowest tertile of urinary 3-PBA and weighted OR of 1.24 (95% CI, 0.95–1.61; P = 0.015). Restricted cubic spline showed a nonlinear association between urinary 3-PBA and depressive symptoms (P for nonlinearity = 0.016). Subgroup analysis showed a significant interaction between trouble sleeping and urinary 3-PBA levels on the risk of depressive symptoms (P for interaction = 0.005).
Melatonin alleviates cadmium phytotoxicity through regulation of growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant potential in two pepper genotypes
Authors: Saqib Muhammad , Shahzad Umbreen , Naz Safina , Abbas Azhar , Jahan Shah , Shahid Rabia , Altaf Muhammad Mohsin , Abid Zakia , Tiwari Rahul Kumar , Lal Milan Kumar , Altaf Muhammad Ahsan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination has severely hampered worldwide crop productivity. Cadmium (Cd) pollution is one of the most important environmental and agricultural soil challenges facing the world today, and it is mostly caused by human activity. The current research examines the potential effect of melatonin (ME) in alleviating Cd toxicity in pepper (Capsicum annuum L) seedlings. Cd stress reduced the growth traits, pigments molecules, and gas exchange elements, but increased phenolic content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). Conversely, exogenously applied ME promoted growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, and leaf gas exchange parameters in treated seedlings. Furthermore, ME supplementation further enhanced protein, total phenolics, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The increased activity of antioxidant scavengers played a central role in reducing H2O2 and MDA content in seedlings under Cd toxicity. According to the present research, seedlings pretreatment with ME decreases Cd-toxicity and allows pepper to grow in Cd-contaminated environments. Future research may aid in the understanding of the ME-assisted stress reduction mechanism in pepper crops. In addition, study into the potential of melatonin for stress relief in various horticultural and agronomic crops would aid in agricultural production development.
Stabilization of synchronous equilibria in regular dynamical networks with delayed coupling
Authors: Maia Marcos Daniel Nogueira , Yanchuk Serhiy , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider the synchronization problem of dynamical networks with delayed interactions. More specifically, we focus on the stabilization of synchronous equilibria in regular networks where the degrees of all nodes are equal. By studying such control near a Hopf bifurcation, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for stabilization. It is shown that the stabilization domains in the parameter space reappear periodically with time-delay. We find that the frequency of reappearance of the control domains is linearly proportional to the number of cycle multipartitions of the network.
Wire-EDM Cutting Strategies of WC-Co Hardmetals: Effect of Number of EDM Pass on Surface Integrity
Authors: Toparli M. Burak 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, the effect of number of wire-EDM pass on structural integrity of WC-Co hardmetals was investigated. As-received doughnut-shaped WC-25wt%Co samples were EDM’ed with one, two, three and five EDM passes. Resulting surface conditions were investigated in terms of macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Surface roughness and hardness measurements were carried out. Detailed SEM investigations were coupled with EDS analyses. Based on the experimental findings, a detailed cutting strategies were offered for WC-Co hardmetals depending on the expectations on surface conditions, production route and efficiency.
Understanding variability in maize yield response to phosphorus fertilizer in Africa and China: Meta-analysis
Authors: Bilisuma Kebeto , Jiao Xiaoqiang , Dagnachew Lule 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The limited information on the relationship between phosphorus (P) fertilization and Agronomic efficiency of P (AEP) is a setback to farmers and agronomists for appropriate application of P fertilizer both in China and Africa. Besides, the gap between China and Africa on maize yield response to P fertilizer under different soil and rainfall condition is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the variability of maize yield response and AE of P under various conditions using meta-analysis. It was shown that, both in Africa and China, the yield response was found to be 69.9%, and 20% higher compared to the control, respectively. Despite the fact that the magnitude of yield response depends on soil fertility, the level of NK (Nitrogen and Potassium) fertilizer applied, the genotype of maize, and agronomic practices, and types of P fertilizer used, a 49.99% higher yield response was obtained due to P fertilizer in Africa compared to China and the average AE of P was significantly higher in Africa (88 kg P kg− 1) than in China (33 kg P kg− 1). Under various soil and climatic conditions maize yield response was highly affected in Africa than in China. Therefore, in Africa wholistic approach of nutrient management and soil fertility improvement along with environmental safety issue should be developed, while in China, priority should be given to enhancing AEP of aimed at reduction of environmental pollution.
Structural characterization of iron sulfide tribofilms formed on carbon and stainless steels
Authors: Miyajima Makoto , Yonemura Mitsuharu , Kitamura Kazuyuki , Matsumoto Keishi , Yagi Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Extreme pressure (EP) additives are used to reduce friction and improve the wear resistance of lubricants that are used in engine and gear systems in vehicles and cold working process. Sulfur-containing EP additives react with the metal surface to form inorganic tribofilms, such as those containing iron sulfide, with a relatively low shearing strength that prevents scuffing. In this study, tribofilms formed under boundary lubrication via the reaction of a polysulfide additive on carbon steel (S45C) and stainless steel (SUS304) surfaces were investigated using four ex situ techniques, namely, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and transmission electron microscopy, to understand the causes of scuffing in stainless steel. In the tests conducted with the SUS304 disc, the friction coefficient increased more slowly compared to that of the S45C disc and showed fluctuations. The tribofilm on the S45C disc comprised the outermost and inner layers of FeS2 (pyrite) and FeS (troilite) structures, respectively. Conversely, the tribofilm on the SUS304 disc surface possessed an FeS2 structure in both the outermost and inner layers. The tribofilm on the SUS304 disc exhibited poor crystallinity in the outermost layer and was thinner than that formed on the S45C disc. The formation of a weaker tribofilm on the SUS304 disc probably introduced instability of the friction coefficient and scuffing.
The use of multi-wall carbon nanotube for improving the mechanical performance of epoxy resin based metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Mustafa Bakhan S. , Jamal Gelas M. , Abdullah Omed Gh. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study aims to explore the improvement in the mechanical characterization of epoxy resin (EPR) based hybrid nanocomposite, reinforced with multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles (NPs). The intercalation behavior of the fillers in the composites was studied by monitoring the change of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The effect of different components on tensile properties of filled EPR PNCs was investigated. Results show that there was a remarkable improvement in the mechanical properties of hybrid nanocomposites at small loading levels of MWCNT. The addition of MWCNT at 0.1 has increased the composite Young’s modulus, 28.38% in comparison with pure EPR. The reduction of elongation at break for EPR upon incorporating MWCNT is due to the high agglomerates of MWCNT in the PNCs. The low-weight fraction of CNTs (0.1 wt.%) was found to be effective in enhancing the toughness by 18.13% in comparison to pure EPR. Furthermore, the optimized hybrid EPR reinforced MWCNT shows a higher Young’s modulus value of 2492.06 MPa upon loading 1 wt.% NPs. The reduction of the tensile strength of the EPR PNCs is due to NPs agglomeration. The present study illustrates that the mechanical and structural properties of bulk EPR can be tailored by incorporating a very low nano-fillers concentration.
Molybdenum carbide/Ni nanoparticles-incorporated carbon nanofibers as effective non-precious catalyst for urea electrooxidation reaction
Authors: Barakat Nasser A. M. , Ali Marwa A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, molybdenum carbide and carbon were investigated as co-catalysts to enhance the nickel electro-activity toward urea oxidation. The proposed electrocatalyst has been formulated in the form of nanofibrous morphology to exploit the advantage of the large axial ratio. Typically, calcination of electropsun polymeric nanofibers composed of poly(vinyl alcohol), molybdenum chloride and nickel acetate under vacuum resulted in producing good morphology molybdenum carbide/Ni NPs‒incorporated carbon nanofibers. Investigation the composition and morphology of the proposed catalyst was achieved by XRD, SEM and TEM analyses which concluded formation of molybdenum carbide and nickel nanoparticles embedded in a carbon nanofiber matrix. As an electrocatalyst for urea oxidation, the electrochemical measurements indicated that the proposed composite has a distinct activity when the molybdenum content is optimized. Typically, the nanofibers prepared from electrospun nanofibers containing 25 wt% molybdenum precursor with respect to nickel acetate revealed the best performance. Numerically, using 0.33 M urea in 1.0 M KOH, the obtained current densities were 15.5, 44.9, 46.5, 38.2, 87.9 and 12.6 mA/cm2 for nanofibers prepared at 850 oC from electropsun mats containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 35 molybdenum chloride, respectively. Study the synthesis temperature of the proposed composite indicated that 1000 oC is the optimum calcination temperature. Kinetic studies indicated that electrooxidation reaction of urea does not follow Arrhenius’s law. To investigate the advantage of the nanofibrous morphology, the proposed catalyst has been synthesized in nanoparticulate morphology, the later showed trivial activity compared to the nanofibers catalyst.
Household Water Demand Forecasting and Implications for Water Use Efficiency and Accessibility: A study conducted among staff of Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunbode Timothy O. , Ogunlaran O. M , Akande J. A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Spatial and temporal accessibility to water, especially, for household use is expedient to healthy living. Predictive models were developed using multiple regression to forecast household water use and also assess the significance of water demand forecasting to water use efficiency and its accessibility in homes. Data used for the study were generated through questionnaire administration and these were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Domestic water uses consist of 10 defined components (Drinking, Cooking, Bathing, Washing, Cleaning, Auto-wash, Lawn watering, Coolant/Chiller, Incidental and Livestock) proportionately distributed within Coolant/Chiller and Washing regime and ranged from 0.12% to 38.53% respectively among the regime components. Results of the regression analyses revealed that two home water use components namely Washing and Auto-wash predict home water use at 95% level of confidence with R2 of 0.872 and the Standard Error of 28.91. The Incidental use component was not significant and may be ignored in the computation. Two predictive components namely Washing and Auto-wash generally explain excessive use of water in homes and must be considered to enhance the efficient use and unrestricted accessibility of this vital resource.
Sperm culture and bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics in a large andrological population: prevalence and impact on seminal parameters
Authors: Olana Soraya , Mazzilli Rossella , Santino Iolanda , Martinelli Daniela , Zamponi Virginia , Macera Manuela , Salerno Gerardo , Mazzilli Fernando , Faggiano Antongiulio , Gianfrilli Daniele 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate i) the prevalence of subjects with a positive sperm culture (SC) for bacteria in subjects with or without Genital tract inflammation (GTI); ii) the actual distribution of the species analysed, according to Gram stain; iii) the impact on sperm parameters; and iv) the actual bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. METHODS: A total of 968 subjects (18-55) years, were retrospectively studied. All the patients underwent SC and in the case of positive tests (CFU>106), a microbiological susceptibility analysis. The subjects studied were subdivided into group A (n=452), with subjective signs of GTI; group B (n=478), male partners of infertile couples; and group C, 30 healthy normospermic subjects. In group B and in the control group, a semen analysis was performed. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of positive SC was 21.5% (200/930). The prevalence of positive SC in group A (113/200; 56.5%) was significantly higher vs group B (87/200; 43.5%; p=0.01) and control group (1/30; 3.3%; p=0.0001). In subjects with GTI, the prevalence of asthenozoospermic (96/285;33.7%) and oligo-asthenozoospermic (98/285;34.4%) was significantly higher vs normospermic, oligo-astheno-teratozoospermic, oligozoospermic and azoospermic subjects (22/285 (7.7%), 48/285 (16.8%), 15/285 (5.3%) and 6/285 (2.1%), respectively; p=0.001). Finally, Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) showed the highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of positive SC is higher in GTI subjects; however, the SC could also be positive in subjects without GTI. Commonly used antibiotics have an increasing risk of being useless for the treatment of bacterial infections. Finally, the diagnosis of GTIs is important also for male fertility.