bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Detailed Insight into Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Versatile Drug
Delivery System
Authors: Jain Neha , Ghosh Samarjit , Tiwari Triveni , Nagaich Upendra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
The advent of technology provides a solution to various drug delivery-related problems by
undertaking the development of a better drug delivery system, i.e., nano-sized drug delivery systems as
they have shown huge prospects for effective delivery of drugs in the body. Nanostructured lipid carriers
(NLCs) are such type of novel drug delivery system in which lipids of both solid and liquid types
are used as a core for the disorganized matrix, which prevents the solid lipid crystallization and increases
drug payload. They are generally composed of solid and liquid lipids, emulsifiers, drugs, and
other various additives, which are selected based on purity, chemical stability, the concentration of materials
required, compatibility, biodegradability, processing type, cost, and their regulatory status. Placing
bioactives into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) has enhanced pharmacokinetic characteristics
by increasing therapeutic functionality and prolonging release from these carrier systems. In our opinion,
the search involves two steps viz. fabrication strategies, production methods, and the impact of various
types of substances on them, as well as the release mechanism and targeting modalities. In addition
to other applications, the use of NLCs in gene therapy has marked a promising path for new and
better drug delivery systems. Further development of various dosage forms using NLCs, like NLC
based hydrogels, is being done for improving the overall aesthetic properties, leading to the desired
therapeutic effect of the incorporated active. This review highlights several elements of NLCs, such as
structural model and types, excipients utilized, factors affecting NLC production, preparation techniques,
characterization, current applications, patents, challenges, and opportunities.
Coir Pith Lignin as a Reliable Bio-Source for Carbonaceous Nano-
Structures: Extraction and Characterization
Authors: Sherafuddeen Fathima , Deeraj Battula Durga Siva , George Gejo , Joseph Kuruvilla 
Published: May 2022

Background:
This paper signifies using coir pith lignin as a cheap and reliable carbon source for preparing bio-based carbonaceous material.

Objective:
The coir pith is selected as it is abundantly available and has a very high lignin content of 38-59.5%. The soda extraction process does the extraction of lignin from coir pith with a yield of 45%.

Method:
This extracted lignin is then subjected to a different procedure to transform it into carbon nanofibers with an ID/IG ratio of 0.35 and carbon fillers with a high surface area of 1089.1 m2/g without the presence of an activating agent.

Results:
Thus prepared carbonaceous fillers are potential reinforcements for polymer matrices as these fillers may provide sufficient mechanical and thermal stability to the composites.

Conclusion:
Furthermore, due to their excellent electrical conductivity, 0.221 S/cm, the carbonaceous nanomaterials are suitable for multifunctional composite applications. This is the first work based on coir pith lignin as a carbon precursor to the best of our knowledge.
Contemporary Approaches to Analyze Non-stationary Time-series:
Some Solutions and Challenges
Authors: Dixit Ankit , Jain Shikha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Enhancement of technology yields more complex time-dependent outcomes for better understanding and analysis. These outcomes are generating more complex, unstable, and high-dimensional data from non-stationary environments. Hence, more challenges are arising day by day to fulfill the increasing demand for future estimation. Thus, in this paper, an extensive study has been presented to comprehend the statistical complexity and randomness of non-stationary time series (NS-TS) data at the atomic level. This survey briefly explains the basic principles and terms related to non-stationary time series (NS-TS). After understanding the fundamentals of NS-TS, this survey categorized non-stationarity into groups and their subgroups based on a change in statistical behavior. It is followed by a comprehensive discussion on contemporary approaches proposed by researchers in each category of non-stationarity. These algorithms include clustering, classification, and regression techniques to deal with different types of domains. Every category of non-stationarity consists of a separate table to draw some advantages and disadvantages of existing approaches. At the end of each non-stationarity type, a short discussion and critical analysis have been done. In the conclusion section, it observed that this research sphere still has so many open challenges that need to be addressed and demand more exploration. Furthermore, it discusses the possible solution of improvisation in future research.
Assessing the Initial Validity of the PortionSize App to Estimate Dietary Intake Among Adults: Pilot and Feasibility App Validation Study
Authors: Saha Sanjoy , Lozano Chloe Panizza , Broyles Stephanie , Martin Corby K , Apolzan John W 
Published: May 2022

Background
Accurately assessing dietary intake can promote improved nutrition. The PortionSize app (Pennington Biomedical Research Center) was designed to quantify and provide real-time feedback on the intake of energy, food groups, saturated fat, and added sugar.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the preliminary feasibility and validity of estimating food intake via the PortionSize app among adults.

Methods
A total of 15 adults (aged 18-65 years) were recruited and trained to quantify the food intake from a simulated meal by using PortionSize. Trained personnel prepared 15 simulated meals and covertly weighed (weigh back) the amount of food provided to participants as well as food waste. Equivalence tests (±25% bounds) were performed to compare PortionSize to the weigh back method.

Results
Participants were aged a mean of 28 (SD 12) years, and 11 were female. The mean energy intake estimated with PortionSize was 742.9 (SD 328.2) kcal, and that estimated via weigh back was 659.3 (SD 190.7) kcal (energy intake difference: mean 83.5, SD 287.5 kcal). The methods were not equivalent in estimating energy intake (P=.18), and PortionSize overestimated energy intake by 83.5 kcal (12.7%) at the meal level. Estimates of portion sizes (gram weight; P=.01), total sugar (P=.049), fruit servings (P=.01), and dairy servings (P=.047) from PortionSize were equivalent to those estimated via weigh back. PortionSize was not equivalent to weigh back with regard to estimates for carbohydrate (P=.10), fat (P=.32), vegetable (P=.37), grain (P=.31), and protein servings (P=.87).

Conclusions
Due to power limitations, the equivalence tests had large equivalence bounds. Though preliminary, the results of this small pilot study warrant the further adaptation, development, and validation of PortionSize as a means to estimate energy intake and provide users with real-time and actionable dietary feedback.
Development of Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Defeathering Machine
Authors: Casnor Rakim , B. Gavino Romeo 
Published: May 2022

Because of the increased demand of chicken meat, the non-vegetarians worldwide has imposed big responsibility on poultry chicken processing industry. The chicken defeathering machines were made with different capacities but they still need of improvement. This paper is focused on the fabrication of a drum type small scale chicken defeathering machine. The drum type chicken defeathering machine was made using locally available materials. Design calculations were done to ensure appropriate shaft diameter supporting the rotating plate as this could affect the efficiency of the machine. The drum of the machine was made detachable and inside of it was the riveted ring on drum surface located above rotating plate. In addition to this, the machine was designed with chute that is made of two layers to separate the removal of feathers and waste water. Handle and wheel caster were included for ease handling and transport from one place to another place. The machine was tested using 28 days old broiler chicken.
The machine was designed based on the identified problems on existing machine available from three local Dressing Plants namely Poultry Processing Plant in Municipality of Talavera, Nueva Ecija, Poultry Processing Plant in Barangay St. Nino, San Jose, Nueva Ecija and Poultry Processing Plant in Barangay Canitoan, Cagayan de Oro City. The identified problems of these existing machines were a) 10 percent of the chicken feathers was not removed, b) in a batch of 15 chicken, 2 pcs had broken legs; c) during the defeathering operation, workers have to pour manually 2 buckets (20-li capacity) of water, 3 d) unloading consumes about 60 seconds, and e) removing the feathers from the machine after operation was quite difficult.
The overall dimension of chicken defeathering machine after fabrication is 1250 mm x 1160 mm x 650 mm and with a weight of 95 kg. The machine was designed to a capacity of 800 heads per hour. The performance evaluation of the machine has defeathering efficiency of 99.01% and defeathering efficacy of 95.85% at angular speed of 348 rpm. Thus, in this study, a small chicken defeathering machine was developed by improving its performance based on the problems identified above so as to make it more useful and adaptable by small scale poultry processors and poultry farmers who wish to have an added income from a dressed chicken over a live chicken.
Evaluación de la salud del arbolado urbano a través de imágenes satelitales en Guadalajara, México
Authors: Macías-Muro Alejandra , Martínez-Trinidad Tomás , Valdez-Lazalde José René , Romero-Sánchez Martín Enrique , Vaquera-Huerta Humberto 
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: evaluar el estado de salud del arbolado de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, a través de imágenes satelitales multiespectrales WorldView-2. Método: se utilizó elenmascaramiento múltiple y el clasificador de máxima probabilidad (Maximumlikelihood) para analizar la variación de las bandas espectrales e índices de vegetación. El análisis de clasificación de salud se aplicó en tres máscaras: especies principales, tipo de follaje y arbolado en general. El arbolado se clasificóde acuerdo a su estado de salud en las categorías: sano, regular, pobre y declinación. Se utilizaron 800 árboles como sitios de referencia, los cuales fueron evaluados con la metodología del Servicio Forestal de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Resultados: los fresnos y jacarandas son de las especies que se identificaron con un estado de salud sano. La precisión más alta para condición de salud (33%) se obtuvo mediante la clasificación por tipo de follaje. Se estimó que sólo24% del arbolado evaluado en 13854 ha presenta una condición sana o regular de salud. Limitaciones: considerar la clasificación por pixel en lugar de individuos completos para aumentar la exactitud. Principales hallazgos: el uso de imágenes satelitales permitió la evaluación del estado de salud del arbolado de la ciudad. La clasificación por tipo de follaje fue la más efectiva,pero se deberá considerar la alta diversidad arbórea existente en zonas urbanas.
Disclosure Speed: Evidence from Nonpublic SEC Investigations
Authors: Blackburne Terrence P. , Quinn Phillip J. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We examine cross-sectional variation in disclosure speed by using data that allow us to measure when managers learn of SEC investigations and the time lag until subsequent disclosures. We document that external monitoring and litigation risk are associated with 99 percent and 39 percent faster disclosure, and managerial entrenchment with 28 percent slower disclosure. When revelations by external parties preempt managers’ disclosures, we observe a significant increase in bid-ask spreads that persists for at least three years following the close of the investigation and a higher likelihood of turnover for less entrenched CEOs. We also document that firms whose managers disclose investigations are subject to fewer subsequent securities class action lawsuits. Our results are consistent with managers balancing the costs of fast disclosure, including immediate stock price declines and potential reputational costs, with the risks of having external parties leak news of SEC investigations.
Gender and Career: Trends in Digital Society
Authors: BEREGOVSKAYA Tatiana , GRISHAEVA Svetlana , SMBATYAN Sargis 
Published: May 2022

Digitalization of society, including the labour market, noticeably changes women's and men's career expectations and career strategies. Gender philosophy, questions about gender identity, and gender inequality are questions, the answers to which are critical: “the changes in the social status of women and men in our time have fundamentally changed many familiar stereotypes” (Mikhailova, 2011). Kontakt InterSearch Russia conducted a series of studies for Forb’s magazine (Kontakt InterSearch Russia, 2021a, b, c; Forbs, 2021) that evaluated the career expectations of respondents; the qualities of managers that female and male managers lack; the presence and causes of gender discrimination; and “stop-factors” of career for men and women. It was found that female executives twice as often as male executives face gender discrimination; women more often than men consider their personal qualities as the reason for career success (men more often than women cite external aspects such as “mentor” and “good timing” among the reasons for career success). At the same time, experts noted that “the boundaries of “female” and “male” qualities are blurring” (Forbs, 2021). In our opinion, this is also due to the influence of digitalization, which is changing the content of many areas of activity.
Waktu Dengung Waktu Dengung Ruang Ibadah Masjid Besar Al-Abrar Makassar
Authors: Kamal St. Amaliyah Mustafa 
Published: May 2022

Ruangan dengan kualitas kenyamanan audial yang baik memiliki kondisi suara yang terdengar stabil, yaitu ketika nilai-nilai standar kenyamanan audial sebagaimana fungsi ruangannya telah terpenuhi. Salah satunya standar kenyamanan audial adalah waktu dengung. Waktu dengung merupakan aspek penentu kualitas akustik yang utama dari sebuah ruang privasi maupun publik, tidak terkecuali pada ruang ibadah masjid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penelitian terkait waktu dengung pada ruang ibadah Masjid Besar Al-Abrar Makassar kemudian menyajikan saran untuk mencapai kenyamanan audial yang sesuai dengan ruang ibadah masjid. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan melakukan simulasi dengan aplikasi Autodesk Ecotect Analysis v5.50, dan pembagian kuesioner untuk pengguna pada setiap titik ukur yang ditentukan pada denah setiap segmen lantai. Hasil yang didapatkan, ruang ibadah masjid masih memiliki masalah dengan waktu dengung pada semua segmen lantai yaitu segmen lantai 1,2, dan 3. Pada frekuensi 500 Hz dengan rumus sabine, hasil simulasi menggunakan aplikasi Autodesk Ecotect Analysis v5.50 segmen lantai 1 adalah 5,41 detik, segmen lantai 2 adalah 4,05 detik, dan segmen lantai 3 adalah 1.36 detik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kenyamanan audial pada ruang ibadah Masjid Besar Al-Abrar Makassar terkait waktu dengung masih belum sepenuhnya memenuhi standar kenyamanan audial, namun hasil dari keusioner pengguna masjid sudah merasa nyaman dengan keadaan tersebut.
Integral System of Assessment Indexes of the MilitaryIndustrial Complex Enterprises’ Innovative Potential
Authors: Kupriyanova L. M. , Sinkova Ju. N. 
Published: May 2022

The aim of this article is a presentation of the methodologies used in the assessment of the innovative potential of the military-industrial complex enterprises. They are based on the integrated index. We achieved this purpose by listing the showings of the innovative potential assessment of the military-industrial complex enterprises, describing methods of their calculation, and reducing them to the consolidated tool. The academic novelty of our study comes down to studying the modern methodologies of the innovative potential assessment based on the integrated index and creating it for the military-industrial complex enterprises. The study results are as follows — integrated methodologies of the innovative potential assessment of the military-industrial complex enterprises and creation of the author’s methodology of the innovative potential assessment of the military-industrial complex enterprises based on the innovative potential assessment of the military-industrial complex enterprises.
Comparison of microflora isolated from peripheral blood and valvular structures of the heart in patients with infective endocarditis
Authors: Asanov M. A. , Kazachek Ya. V. , Evtushenko A. V. , Teplova Yu. E. , Ponasenko A. V. 
Published: May 2022

Background. Infective endocarditis (IE) is defined as an infection of a native or prosthetic heart valve, endocardial surface, or permanent cardiac apparatus. Currently, the determination of microorganisms that induce a disease or are involved in the process of pathogenesis by PCR is one of the most modern and rapid tests.The aim. To determine and to compare the spectrum of infectious pathogens in homogenate samples of native heart valves and blood of patients with IE.Materials and methods. Twenty patients with confirmed IE diagnose were examined, admitted for hospitalization at the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases (Kemerovo, Russia) in 2019. The range of tests used in the study was aimed at detecting such microorganisms as Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides ovatus.Results. The study found that 19 samples of heart valves were characterized by the presence of microorganisms from the genus Streptococcus spp., wherein Streptococcus agalactiae was found in two patients. Staphylococcus spp. Were found in 16 samples of valve homogenate. Detection of other pathogens revealed only two cases of Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. When analyzing blood samples from patients with IE, not a single infectious agent was identified. The study revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the incidence of Staphylococcus spp. in samples of valve homogenate and peripheral blood of patients with IE. There was also a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) for Streptococcus spp. both in samples of valve homogenate and peripheral blood from patients with IE.Conclusion. Molecular genetic research using PCR technologies has low efficiency in detecting the pathogen in the circulating bloodstream, as well as in blood culture. However, the study of homogenized biopsy specimens of the heart valve structures removed during surgery may allow correcting antimicrobial tactics in the early postoperative period of prosthetics.
Characteristics of online behavior and structure of consumed content in Abakan adolescents of different age, groups and ethnicity
Authors: Evert L. S. , Potupchik T. V. , Kostyuchenko Yu. R. 
Published: May 2022

Background. The study of the prevalence and structure of various types of online behavior, the characteristics of the content consumed by adolescents of different age, sex and ethnic groups is an important area of scientific research.The aim. To study the features of online behavior and the structure of content consumed in Abakan adolescents of various age and sex groups and ethnicity (Russians and Khakasses).Materials and methods. 1400 adolescents of the city of Abakan (Republic of Khakassia) aged 12–18 were examined: 962 (68.7 %) Russians, 438 (31.3 %) Khakasses, 678 (48.4 %) boys and 722 (51.6 %) girls, aged 12–14 years – 39.8 % and 15–18 years – 60.2 %. The type of online behavior was verified using the Chen scale (CIAS). Emotional and behavioral disorders were diagnosed using the SDQ questionnaire. The indicators were compared in groups formed by sex, age and ethnicity. The data were processed using the Statistica 12.0 program (StatSoft Inc., USA).Results. It has been established that the prevalence and structure of online behavior among adolescents in Abakan depends on gender, age and ethnicity. Pathological Internet use (PIU) is more common among Khakasses, more often in the older age group. Regardless of ethnicity, maladaptive online behavior (pathological and maladaptive Internet use) is recorded more often among girls. In the structure of consumed content, gaming addiction prevails, social network addiction is in second place, and the proportion of mixed and undifferentiated Internet addiction is less. Dependence on online games prevails in boys, while dependence on social networks and undifferentiated internet addiction prevail in girls.Conclusion. One of the reasons for the greater prevalence of maladaptive online behavior among Khakasses may be the association of maladaptive Internet use with the presence of emotional disorders and behavioral problems that reach the borderline level and are causally significant factors in the development of Internet addiction. Adolescents with maladaptive online behavior, who have not yet reached the level of formed Internet addiction, are the target group requiring medical and psychological assistance.
Epidemiological assessment of the prevalence of coxarthrosis according to reports from medical organizations
Authors: Koryak V. A. , Botvinkin A. D. , Sorokovikov V. A. 
Published: May 2022

Background. Coxarthrosis prevalence rates are necessary to assess the socio-economic significance of this pathology and to calculate the need for endoprosthetics. Information about the provision of medical care to patients with coxarthrosis is presented in the reports of various medical organizations, but in state statistical reports at the regional level this nosological form is not taken into account as a separate line.The aim. To estimate the prevalence of coxarthrosis based on the combined use of medical records from various sources in a region with a specialized clinic for prosthetics of large joints.Materials and methods. A retrospective descriptive epidemiological study based on materials from the Irkutsk region for 10 years (2008–2017) was carried out. Three main sources of data on patients with coxarthrosis were used: continuous and randomized samples based on population visits to polyclinics (n = 24 029), information from the bureau of medical and social expertise on disability (n = 19 081) and information from a specialized clinic on total hip arthroplasty (THAP) (n = 6227). The dynamics of indicators by years, the distribution of patients by sex, age and groups of disabilities have been analyzed. Regional indicators of incidence and prevalence of coxarthrosis were calculated based on extrapolation of sample data.Results. The following average annual regional indicators for patients with coxarthrosis were calculated: primary visits to polyclinics (incidence) – 73.8 (71.9–75.7) with a frequency of visits 1.9 times a year, the frequency of THAP operations – 3,3 (3,0÷3,6), disability – 10.1 (10.0÷10.3). The median age of patients at the initial visit was 61 years (Q1 = 46; Q3 = 76). The proportion of men among different groups of patients ranged from 41 to 44%, the proportion of disabled people among patients of the polyclinic and surgical hospital – from 45.2 to 47.1%. The estimated prevalence of coxarthrosis among the adult population was 413.5 (410,6÷416,4) / 10000.Conclusions. The epidemiological analysis algorithm described in the article is proposed as the first stage in assessing the social and economic significance of coxarthrosis and the regional need for arthroplasty of large joints.