bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of blood culture and immunochromatographic assay for rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever
Authors: Akter Farjana , Akter Nasima , Ahmed Shakeel , Marma Chusung Ching , Mohiuddin Syed 
Published: January 2022

Background and objectives: Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries including Bangladesh. As early diagnosis of disease and prompt treatment are essential for optimal management, a rapid method is urgently needed. Blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of typhoid fever, but it is time consuming. Immunochromatographic test (ICT) is easily accessible, cheap and simple method for diagnosis of typhoid fever, especially in the resource poor countries like Bangladesh.
Methodology: 180 samples were collected from suspected typhoid fever cases. This study was conducted to isolate the S. Typhi by blood culture and to detect IgM and IgG antibody to S. Typhi by ICT method.
Results: Out of 180 samples, 105(58.33%) were positive in ICT and 24(13.33%) were positive in blood culture. Considering blood culture as gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value of ICT was 91.67%, 46.79%, 20.95% and 97.33% respectively.
Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2020; 14 (1): 7-10
Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of blood culture isolates among bloodstream infection suspected patients attending in a referral hospital
Authors: Nasrin Mahfuza , Begum Most Fahmida , Karim Rezina , Alam Mohammad Shah , Rahman Farha , Bhuiyan Mohammad Moniruzzaman 
Published: January 2022

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people of all ages. On time diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial treatment is of utmost important to save the lives of affected ones. The present study is aimed to determine the bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of blood culture isolates among BSI suspected patients attending in Uttara Adhunik Medical College and Hospital from 1st July to 31st December, 2020. This cross sectional study was conducted among 1,675 BSI suspected patients. About 10 ml of venous blood for adults and 2-3 ml for children was collected aseptically and transferred into an automated blood culture bottle. The BD BACTEC FX40 automated blood culture method was used to isolate bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. The rate of bacteriologically confirmed cases was 222/1675 (13%). Majority of BSI were caused by gram negative bacteria predominantly Salmonella Typhi (51%) followed by Salmonella paratyphi (15%), Escherichia coli (15%), Klebsiella spp. (7%), Staphylococcus aureus (6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%). Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi isolates showed 100% susceptibility to meropenem and ceftriaxone. A higher percentage of strains of Salmonella Typhi (80%,84%,85%) and Salmonella Paratyphi (93%,95%,95%) were found sensitive to amoxiclav, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole whereas only 4% isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin which is an alarming situation. None of the antibiotic was 100% effective against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amikacin and meropenem were found more effective against gram negative bacteria. In this study, none of the S. aureus strains showed resistance to cloxacillin, amoxiclav, gentamicin and doxycycline and sensitivity to azithromycin and clindamycin were found 40% and 50% respectively. Multidrug resistance among blood stream isolates are increasing in a threatening way which need to be addressed through effective surveillance and infection control strategies.
Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2021; 15 (2): 5-11
Comparison of Conventional and Automated Blood Culture Methods for The Diagnosis of Neonatal Septicemia
Authors: Chowdhury Rezwana Nusrat , Akter Nasima , Ahmed Shakeel , Karim Chowdhury Abu Hena Md Saiful 
Published: January 2022

Neonatal Septicemia is a serious clinical syndrome and the definitive diagnosis is based on positive blood cultures which are obtained either by conventional or automated method. Early availability of proper isolation and identification of causative bacteria facilitates the timely initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Thereby the present study was conducted to identify the bacterial causes of neonatal septicemia in the fastest possible time by comparing conventional and automated blood culture methods.This cross sectional study was done during the period from January 2018 to December 2018 and included clinically suspected cases of neonatal septicemia admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Chattogram Medical College Hospital (CMCH) and Chattogram Maa-Shishu O General Hospital (CMSOGH). Out of 178 samples, automated method detected 29 (16.3%) and conventional method detected 26 (14.6%) blood culture positive samples. The yield of bacteria by automated method was 100% and by conventional method was 89.7%. Number of bacteria isolated only by automated method were 3 (10.2%). Mean time for isolation of bacteria by automated method was 26.38 hours and by conventional method was 46.34 hours. Automated method detected 47.05% of isolated bacteria in first 24 hours but none of them were detected by conventional method within first 24 hours. Among the isolated bacteria, Klebsiella spp was most common (62.0%). Most of the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime. Analyzing the findings of the study, there was no significant difference in the rate of isolation in each time interval (p=0.157) of two methods but there was significant difference in the mean time of isolation of bacteria between two methods (p=0.000004).
Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2021; 15 (2): 12-18
SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Vaccines: Pledge to global response!
Authors: Roy Sushmita , Mahtab Uddin Bhuiyan Mohammad , Ahmed Iftikhar 
Published: January 2022

The detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants correlates to the rapid increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. The variants may emerge with fatal consequences to the usual resistance to the immunity arbitrated by the available vaccines to prevent the pandemic of COVID-19. When some variants of interest have increased transmissibility or virulence, the priority of appropriate public health measures and vaccination programs will increase. Still and all, the genomic surveillance must continue to monitor this trend as these observations have grave implications for mitigation and vaccination policies and must be considered by policy makers when designing public health interventions. Moreover, the global response must be directed toward urgency with scientific reliability.
Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2021; 15 (2): 30-35
Produção científica de enfermagem acerca de atendimento pré-hospitalar e primeiros socorros: estudo de tendências
Authors: Ilha Aline Gomes , Nietsche Elisabeta Albertinha , Cogo Silvana Bastos , Ilha Silomar , Ramos Tierle Kosloski , Antunes Andrei Pompeu 
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo busca analisar as tendências das produções científicas brasileiras de enfermagem acerca de atendimento pré-hospitalar e primeiros socorros. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, desenvolvida por meio do acesso as pesquisas disponíveis no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. A busca sistemática aos estudos foi realizada em junho de 2020, com as estratégias “atendimento pré-hospitalar” AND “Enfermagem”, resultando em 90 registros e “primeiros socorros” AND “Enfermagem”, resultando em 24 registros, totalizando 114 registros. Foram selecionados 66 estudos e analisados conforme determinado por Brum et al. (2016). Os dados foram organizados nas categorias temáticas: caracterização dos estudos analisados; atendimento pré-hospitalar e serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência; o atendimento pré-hospitalar na assistência em enfermagem; saúde do trabalhador e atendimento pré-hospitalar; educação em primeiros socorros e atendimento pré-hospitalar; tecnologias em primeiros socorros e atendimento pré-hospitalar; e gestão em enfermagem no atendimento pré-hospitalar. Considera-se que a tendência das produções científicas brasileiras relaciona de maneira geral o atendimento pré-hospitalar e primeiros socorros à assistência em enfermagem, em especial a assistência no serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência, e que o tema foi pouco explorado em relação à formação dos enfermeiros, destacando a necessidade de atenção ao desenvolvimento dessa etapa da formação acadêmica.
Etnobotani Kopi di Desa Bambang Kecamatan Wajak Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Jauhari Nasrul , Hakim Luchman , Zayadi Hasan 
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the types and characterization of coffee in Bambang Village and the pattern of cultivation and utilization of coffee in Bambang Village, Malang Regency. The method used in this study is observation and semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data analysis is presented in descriptive form. There are three types of coffee that are cultivated in Bambang Village, namely Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica and Coffea arabica. There are three constituent layers in coffee agroforestry, the top layer functions as a canopy consisting of Kaliandra, Jackfruit, Waru, Avocado, Lamtoro, Petai, Coconut. The middle layer consists of coffee, papaya and banana and the lower layer consists of taro, ginger and tubers. The complexity of making up coffee agroforestry is used as animal feed, firewood reserves, food sources, nutritional sources and building wood materials and the form of coffee utilization as a drink is often used as a daily dish, guest treats, arts, celebrations and traditional rituals.Keywords: Ethnobotany, Types of Coffee, Coffee AgroforestryABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis karakteristik kopi lokal dan pola budidaya serta pemanfaatan kopi yang ada di Desa Bambang Kabupaten Malang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dan wawancara semi terstruktur. Analisis data kualitatif disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif. Terdapat tiga jenis kopi yang dibudidayakan di Desa Bambang yaitu jenis Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica dan Coffea arabica. Ada tiga lapisan penyusun di dalam agroforestri kopi Desa Bambang, lapisan atas berfungsi sebagai kanopi terdiri dari Kaliandra, Nangka, Waru, Alpukat, Lamtoro, Petai, Kelapa. Lapisan tengah terdiri dari Kopi, Pepaya dan Pisang dan lapisan bawah terdiri dari Talas, Jahe dan Umbi-umbian. Kompleksitas penyusun agroforestri kopi dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak, cadangan kayu bakar, sumber makanan, sumber nutrisi dan bahan kayu bangunan dan bentuk pemanfaatan kopi sebagai minuman sering digunakan sebagai sajian harian, suguhan tamu, kesenian, selamatan dan ritual adat.Kata kunci : Etnobotani, Jenis-Jenis Kopi, Agroforestri Kopi
URGENSI PEMAHAMAN JENIS KELAMIN DAN GENDER PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Jannah Shofiatul , Bramastia Lutfia Sefta 
Published: January 2022

AbstrakAnak usia dini adalah yang berusia 0-8 tahun, anak usia dini usia 4-6 tahun mendapatkan pendidikan formal yang disebut dengan pendidikan anak usia dini di Taman Kanak-Kanak/Raudhatul Athfal, pendidikan ini memiliki fungsi untuk memberi stimulus pada anak usia dini agar aspek-aspek perkembangan dan potensi dasar yang dimiliki oleh anak berkembang hingga dapat menjadi fundamental awal anak agar dapat melanjutkan pendidikan selanjutnya. Pendidik berperan penting dalam edukasi pendidikan tentang gender dan jenis kelamin pada anak usia dini dengan menyesuaikan karakteristik anak usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya pendidik dalam edukasi pendidikan tentang jenis kelamin dan gender pada anak usia dini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Pendidik memiliki beberapa upaya untuk memberi edukasi pendidikan tentang gender dan jenis kelamin pada anak usia dini. Kata Kunci: Anak Usia Dini, Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Pendidik, Edukasi jenis kelamin dan gender.
The Effect of Tapping on Functional Changes in Spinal Mobility and Respiratory System in Adolescents with Idiopatic Scolosis: Pilot Study
Authors: Čeponkienė Ilona , Aleknavičiūtė-Ablonskė Vaida 
Published: January 2022

Background. Scoliosis affects spinal mobility and the respiratory system. The Schroth method is an effective tool for the treatment of scoliosis. However, there is insufficient evidence for the efficiency of kinesio taping with the Schroth method to help manage the condition of spinal mobility and respiratory system changes for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.
The aim. To evaluate the efficacy of the Schroth method and the Schroth method in combination with kinesio taping for spinal mobility and functional changes in the respiratory system in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.
The methods. The study included 8 adolescent volunteers diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis. The adolescents were divided into two groups. The Schroth method was used for the first group and the Schroth method with kinesiology taping for the second group. The study lasted 2 months, and both groups underwent 2 interventions per week. Both before and after the interventions, participants were assessed for trunk functional stability (Mathias test), lumbar and thoracic spine mobility (Schober and Otto tests), vital lung capacity (VC), and forced expiratory capacity in 1 s (FEV1).
The results. In the analysed results of the interventions, it was found that the Mathias test, the Schober and Otto test, the VC and the FEV1 were improved in both groups. Comparing the results between the groups, it was established that the spinal mobility was better (p < 0,05) in the second group. However, lumbar and thoracic spinal mobility, VC, FEV1 were better (p<0,05) in the first group.
The conclusion. The Schroth method with and without kinesiological taping increased trunk stability, spinal cord mobility, and VC and FEV1. The Schroth method with kinesio taping is more effective for trunk functional stability, however only the Schroth method is more effective with mobility of the lumbar and thoracic spine part as well as for VC and FEV1.
Keywords: spinal cord mobility, trunk functional mobility, vital capacity.
Seismic Imaging of Lithospheric Structure Beneath Central-East Java Region, Indonesia: Relation to Recent Earthquakes
Authors: Muttaqy Faiz , Nugraha Andri Dian , Mori James , Puspito Nanang T. , Supendi Pepen , Rohadi Supriyanto 
Published: January 2022

The Central and East Java region, which is part of the Sunda Arc, has an important role in producing destructive earthquakes and volcanic complexes in Indonesia as a result of the convergence between the Indo-Australian plate that subducts under the Eurasian plate. In this study, the 3-D seismic velocity structure (Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs) of the crust and upper mantle was determined to reveal the presence of the subducted slab, volcanic sources, and seismogenic features in the Central and East Java region. We have manually re-picked P- and S-arrivals of 1,488 events from January 2009 to September 2017 recorded at 27 stations of the BMKG network. An iterative damped least-squares inversion method was applied to simultaneously calculate both hypocenter relocations and velocity structure beneath this high-risk region to a depth of 200 km. We then compare the tomographic results and seismicity to interpret structural features in the seismic zones. The subducted slab is dipping toward the north, imaged by the high-velocity regions with low Vp/Vs at depths of about 50–100 km. Low-velocity anomalies with high Vp/Vs above the slab at a depth of ∼100 km, imply the possible location of partial melting from slab dehydration. Fluids and melts are ascending to feed the volcanoes i. e., Merapi-Merbabu, Wilis, Pandan, Semeru, Bromo, and Ijen that also have similar low-velocity anomalies at 10–30 km depths, suggesting the presence of the sedimentary basin or magma reservoir. We also have redetermined the hypocenter location of the 2021 (Mw 6.1) Malang earthquake at 8.94oS, 112.45oE, with a depth of 59.7 km. The location error in the x, y, and z directions are 3.08, 6.39, and 11.91 km, respectively. This intraslab event with a thrusting mechanism is located in the high-velocity region and close to the intermediate-depth seismic clusters, which indicates the geometry of the oceanic slab. In the region of 1994 (Mw 7.8) Banyuwangi earthquake, we found a low-velocity anomaly at ∼ 50 km depth that might be associated with the presence of subducting seamount that is more hydrated than the surrounding slab. The slip over this subducting seamount caused the tsunamigenic earthquake.
Hyperprolactinemia and Hypopituitarism in Acromegaly and Effect of Pituitary Surgery: Long-Term Follow-up on 529 Patients
Authors: Guo Xiaopeng , Zhang Ruopeng , Zhang Duoxing , Wang Zihao , Gao Lu , Yao Yong , Deng Kan , Bao Xinjie , Feng Ming , Xu Zhiqin , Yang Yi , Lian Wei , Wang Renzhi , Ma Wenbin , Xing Bing 
Published: January 2022

PurposeStudies on hyperprolactinemia and hypopituitarism in acromegaly are limited. We aimed to analyze the preoperative status, postoperative alterations, and correlated factors of hyperprolactinemia and hypopituitarism in acromegaly patients.MethodsThis is a single-center cohort study with long-term follow-up. We prospectively enrolled 529 acromegaly patients. Hyperprolactinemia and hypopituitarism were evaluated by testing hypothalamus-pituitary-end organ (HPEO) axes hormones before and after surgery.ResultsHyperprolactinemia (39.1%) and hypopituitarism (34.8%) were common in acromegaly. The incidences of axis-specific hypopituitarism varied (hypogonadism, 29.7%; hypothyroidism, 5.9%; adrenal insufficiency, 5.1%), and multiple HPEO axes dysfunction was diagnosed in 5.3% of patients. Patients with preoperative hyperprolactinemia [hazard ratio (HR)=1.39 (1.08-1.79); p=0.012], hypogonadism [HR=1.32 (1.01-1.73); p=0.047], and hypothyroidism [HR=3.49 (1.90-6.44); p&lt;0.001] had higher recurrence rates than those without. Age, sex, body mass index, tumor size, invasiveness, prolactin staining, ki-67 index, and GH/IGF-1 levels were significantly correlated with preoperative hypopituitarism and hyperprolactinemia. At median 34-month follow-up after surgery, hyperprolactinemia in 95% and axis-specific hypopituitarism in 54%-71% of patients recovered, whereas new-onset hypopituitarism (hypogonadism, 6.2%; hypothyroidism, 4.0%; adrenal insufficiency, 3.2%) was also diagnosed. A shorter tumor diameter was associated with the normalization of preoperative hyperprolactinemia after surgery. Cavernous sinus non-invasion, a shorter tumor diameter, cure at follow-up, and a lower GH nadir level were associated with the improvement of preoperative hypopituitarism after surgery. A larger tumor diameter was associated with the newly developed hypopituitarism after surgery.ConclusionHyperprolactinemia and hypopituitarism are common among acromegaly patients and predict worse surgical outcomes. After surgery, improvement and worsening of HPEO axes function co-exist. Correlated factors are identified for clinical management.
Case Analysis of Turbulence From High-Resolution Sounding Data in Northwest China
Authors: Qin Zilin , Sheng Zheng , He Yang , Feng Yutao 
Published: January 2022

This study calculated the Thorpe scale, thickness of turbulent layer, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, and turbulent diffusion coefficient based on the Thorpe method using a set of near-space high-resolution radiosonde data in northwest China, and a case study was conducted to analyze the large-scale turbulent layer in the middle stratosphere. The results showed that the most turbulent layers exist near from the middle and upper troposphere to the tropopause region, accounting for 44.0% of the total turbulence, and the largest Thorpe scale and thickness of turbulent layer also appear in this altitude range. In addition, affected by the large-scale turbulence near the tropopause, the calculated turbulent energy dissipation rate and diffusion coefficient also have maximum values at this altitude, which are 0.003 m2s−3 and 6.94 m2s−1, respectively. By analyzing the meteorological elements, it is found that there is an obvious correlation between precipitation and large-scale turbulence in the stratosphere. When the precipitation occurs, the corresponding two sets of radiosondes detected larger-scale turbulence layers in the middle stratosphere.
A Novel Immunobiotics Bacteroides dorei Ameliorates Influenza Virus Infection in Mice
Authors: Song Liqiong , Huang Yuanming , Liu Guoxing , Li Xianping , Xiao Yuchun , Liu Chang , Zhang Yue , Li Jintong , Xu Jianguo , Lu Shan , Ren Zhihong 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveProbiotics can modulate immune responses to resist influenza infection. This study aims to evaluate the anti-viral efficacy of B. dorei.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were infected with influenza virus together with treatment of PBS vehicle, B. dorei, or oseltamivir respectively. Anti-influenza potency of B. dorei and the underlying mechanism were determined by measuring survival rate, lung viral load and pathology, gene expression and production of cytokines and chemokines, and analysis of gut microbiota.ResultsAdministration of B. dorei increased (by 30%) the survival of influenza-infected mice, and improved their weight loss, lung pathology, lung index, and colon length compared to the vehicle control group. B. dorei treatment reduced (by 61%) the viral load of lung tissue and increased expression of type 1 interferon more rapidly at day 3 postinfection. At day 7 postinfection, B. dorei-treated mice showed lower local (lung) and systemic (serum) levels of interferon and several proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, MCP-1 and IP-10) with a efficacy comparable to oseltamivi treatment. B. dorei treatment also altered gut microbiota as indicated by increased levels of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus and decreased levels of Escherichia, Shigella, and Parabacteroides.ConclusionB. dorei has anti-influenza effect. Its working mechanisms involve promoting earlier interferon expression and down-regulating both local and systemic inflammatory response. B. dorei changes the composition of gut microbiota, which may also contribute to its beneficial effects.