bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Molla Kindu Alem , Reta Melese Abate , Ayene Yonas Yimam 
Published: June 2022

Background
The rate of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. It is becoming an emerging public health problem in East Africa. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among pulmonary tuberculosis positive individuals in the region has not been thoroughly investigated.

Aim
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate the pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among newly diagnosed and previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis cases in East African countries.

Methods
English published articles were systematically searched from six electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science direct, Web of Science, and Google scholar. The pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and associated risk factors were calculated using Der Simonian and Laird’s random Effects model. Funnel plot symmetry visualization confirmed by Egger’s regression asymmetry test and Begg rank correlation methods was used to assess publication bias. A total of 16 articles published from 2007 to 2019 were included in this study. STATA 14 software was used for analysis.

Results
Out of 1025 articles identified citations, a total of 16 articles were included in final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among newly diagnosed tuberculosis cases and previously treated tuberculosis patients was 4% (95%CI = 2–5%) and 21% (95%CI: 14–28%), respectively. Living conditions, lifestyles (smoking, alcohol use, and drug abuse), previous medical history, diabetes history, and human immunodeficiency virus infection were risk factors contributing to the higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in East Africa.

Conclusion
The review found a significant prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the region. An early diagnosis of tuberculosis and rapid detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a critical priority to identify patients who are not responding to the standard treatment and to avoid transmission of resistant strains. It is also very important to strengthen tuberculosis control and improve monitoring of chemotherapy.
Perioperative changes in haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations from preoperative intravenous iron isomaltoside for iron deficiency anaemia in patients with colorectal cancer: A pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fung Pui Lam Polly , Lau Vivian Nga Man , Ng Floria Fung , Leung Wing Wa , Mak Tony Wing Chung , Lee Anna 
Published: June 2022

Background
Patients with colorectal cancer have a high risk of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) due to chronic tumour induced blood loss, a reduced dietary iron intake from poor nutrition or gastrointestinal malabsorption. This pilot, double blinded, randomised controlled trial (RCT) examined the effect and feasibility of using preoperative iron isomaltoside for treating iron deficiency anaemia.

Methods
Forty eligible adults with IDA were randomised to receive either intravenous iron isomaltoside (20 mg.kg-1 up to 1000 mg over 30 minutes) or usual preoperative care (control) three weeks before scheduled colorectal surgery. The primary outcomes were perioperative changes in haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations.

Results
The recruitment rate was 78% of all eligible referred patients (1.9 patients/month). The haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations were higher in the iron isomaltoside group than the control group over the perioperative period (group*time interaction P = 0.042 and P < 0.001 respectively). Mean haemoglobin change from baseline to before surgery was higher in the iron isomaltoside group (7.8, 95% CI: 3.2 to 12.3 g.l-1) than the control group (1.7, 95% CI: -1.9 to 5.3 g.l-1) [mean difference 6.1, 95% CI: 0.3 to 11.8 g.l-1; P = 0.040]. The ferritin change from baseline to before surgery between groups was large in favour of the iron isomaltoside group (mean difference 296.9, 95% CI: 200.6 to 393.2 μg.l-1; P < 0.001]. There were no differences between groups in packed red blood cell transfusions needed, surgical complications, quality of recovery and days (alive and) at home within 30 days after surgery.

Conclusion
Iron isomaltoside therapy was safe and had a minimal effect on perioperative changes in haemoglobin concentration. Given the slow recruitment and new evidence emerging during the conduct of this study, conducting a multi-centre RCT based on the current pilot trial protocol is unlikely to be feasible.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03565354.
Study protocol for the Alzheimer and music therapy study: An RCT to compare the efficacy of music therapy and physical activity on brain plasticity, depressive symptoms, and cognitive decline, in a population with and at risk for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Flo Birthe K. , Matziorinis Anna Maria , Skouras Stavros , Sudmann Tobba Therkildsen , Gold Christian , Koelsch Stefan 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThere is anecdotal evidence for beneficial effects of music therapy in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, there is a lack of rigorous research investigating this issue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of music therapy and physical activity on brain plasticity, mood, and cognition in a population with AD and at risk for AD.MethodsOne-hundred and thirty-five participants with memory complaints will be recruited for a parallel, three-arm Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Inclusion criteria are a diagnosis of mild (early) AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or memory complaints without other neuropsychiatric pathology. Participants are randomised into either a music therapy intervention (singing lessons), an active control group (physical activity) or a passive control group (no intervention) for 12 months. The primary outcomes are the brain age gap, measured via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and depressive symptoms. Secondary outcomes include cognitive performance, activities of daily living, brain structure (voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging), and brain function (resting-state functional MRI).Trial statusScreening of participants began in April 2018. A total of 84 participants have been recruited and started intervention, out of which 48 participants have completed 12 months of intervention and post-intervention assessment.DiscussionAddressing the need for rigorous longitudinal data for the effectiveness of music therapy in people with and at risk for developing AD, this trial aims to enhance knowledge regarding cost-effective interventions with potentially high clinical applicability.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT03444181, registered on February 23, 2018.
Cultural and educational releases of salmon in areas blocked by major hydroelectric projects on the Columbia River
Authors: Baldwin Casey , Giorgi Conor , Biladeau Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Salmon are revered by Pacific Northwest Tribes as a central figure in their cultural and spiritual identity and have been a critical food resource for millennia. Historic commercial overfishing and hydropower development on the Columbia River have devastated salmon runs and altered tribal communities. Before European settlement of North America, most Pacific Northwest Tribal economies were based on obtaining salmon for food and bartering for other commodities. Despite extensive efforts to promote salmon recovery in downstream areas, most salmon populations continue to struggle throughout the Columbia River Basin. Over 1,800 km of historical salmon habitat remain inaccessible upstream of Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee dams due to lack of fish passage at these facilities. The Indian Tribes of the upper Columbia Basin are working collectively on salmon reintroduction efforts through both a long-term scientific phased approach and near-term cultural and educational releases. This paper will briefly outline the Phased approach and provide detail on the initial results of some recent cultural and educational releases of salmon in the blocked area. The cultural and educational releases had a goal of reconnecting the people with the salmon and the salmon with historic habitats. These salmon release events were diverse and included school children releasing juvenile fish they raised in the classroom, releasing adult salmon to swim free and reproduce, and tribal members harvesting salmon from their ancestral waters. Ceremonies were held to celebrate the significance of salmon to the tribal cultures and the salmon's return home. In addition to the ceremonies, some fish were tagged to evaluate survival and behavior and to begin to document the effectiveness of trap and haul efforts. The effort resulted in anadromous salmon reintroduction to their traditional waters for the first time in 60 to 110 years. These efforts have generated tremendous interest from the press and given the people of the region a glimpse at what is possible, building momentum for the larger Phased reintroduction effort.
Reconnecting people to the Detroit River – A transboundary effort
Authors: Hartig John H. , Scott Todd , Gell Gwen , Berk Kevin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Windsor in Ontario, Canada and Detroit in Michigan, USA are Great Lakes border cities on the Detroit River that have a long history of water pollution. Public outcry over water pollution in the 1960s led to the enactment of environmental laws starting in the early 1970s. As these laws were implemented and water quality improved, citizens started calling for improved public access to the river, including establishing linked riverfront greenways. This paper presents a case study of greenway development in these border cities based on indicator reporting to comprehensively assess ecosystem health. Findings show that waterfront greenways were catalyzed by cleanup of the Detroit River. As greenway systems expanded on both sides of the border, greenway stakeholders began to envision cross-border greenway connections that would stimulate ecotourism, help encourage healthy lifestyles, and enhance quality of life in southwest Ontario and southeast Michigan. Recommended next steps include investing in greenway capacity building, identifying and testing creative financing options for greenways, formalizing institutional arrangements between Canada and the United States for a binational greenway network, and strengthening cross-border greenway connections by reestablishing a cross-border ferry, offering free access to the tunnel bus on weekends for cyclists, and hosting Windsor-Detroit open streets’ events. Robust transboundary greenway partnerships are critical to realizing the full potential of cross border greenway systems, including expanding outdoor recreation and ecotourism, conserving natural resources, and inspiring a stewardship ethic for shared ecosystems.
Peran Kognisi Sosial dan Schadenfreude Terhadap Empati Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Malang
Authors: Widayati Hanum Putryani , Farida Ika Andrini 
Published: June 2022

Empathy is very important not only in social life but also to create communication in counseling in the field of psychology and counseling guidance. The emergence of empathy in an individual can be influenced by social cognition and schadenfreude. For this reason, the objective of this study was to clarify the role of social cognition and schadenfreude in empathy in State University of Malang undergraduate students majoring in psychology and counseling guidance. This study was quantitative with a correlational approach. This study also uses several measuring instruments such as The Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT) to measure social cognition, the Schadenfreude measuring instrument created by Alison Baren to measure Schadenfreude, and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to measure empathy. Hypothesis testing was conducted using multiple regression analysis. The results found that there was a role for social cognition and Schadenfreude on empathy which shows that the greater the social cognition ability, the better the empathy ability. However, increases in Schadenfreude behavior can reduce the ability to empathize. This study can be used as a reference for creating modules for psychology majors, guidance and counseling majors, and other parties to increase empathy in individuals by training social cognition skills. Abstrak. Empati merupakan hal yang penting dalam kehidupan sosial. Empati sangat dibutuhkan dalam proses konseling psikologi. Munculnya empati pada seseorang dapat dipengaruhi oleh kognisi sosial dan schadenfreude. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklarifikasi peran kognisi sosial dan schadenfreude dengan empati pada mahasiswa program sarjana jurusan Psikologi dan Bimbingan Konseling Universitas Negeri Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode korelasi. Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu The Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT) untuk mengukur kognisi sosial, alat ukur Schadenfreude yang dibuat oleh Alison Baren untuk mengukur schadenfreude, dan Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) untuk mengukur empati. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peran kognisi sosial dan schadenfreude terhadap empati. Dimana hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semakin baik kemampuan kognisi sosial, maka akan semakin baik pula kemampuan empati yang dimiliki. Namun, apabila perilaku schadenfreude yang dimiliki tinggi, maka hal tersebut dapat menurunkan kemampuan empati yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi pembuatan modul bagi jurusan psikologi, jurusan bimbingan dan konseling, serta pihak lainnya untuk meningkatkan empati pada seseorang dengan cara melatih kemampuan kognisi sosial.
O dyskrecjonalnej władzy zarządzania procedurami podatkowymi
Authors: Filipczyk Hanna 
Published: June 2022

Celem artykułu jest analiza przysługującej organom podatkowym dyskrecjonalnej władzy zarządzania procedurami podatkowymi – jej scharakteryzowanie i sformułowanie postulatów dotyczących jej prawnej regulacji i praktycznego wykorzystania. W badaniu zastosowano metodę dogmatycznoprawną; w szczególności przeprowadzono studium przypadku: dyskrecjonalności wszczęcia kontroli celno-skarbowej. Jak wykazano, dyskrecjonalność tego typu jest rozległa i wielopostaciowa, jest też słabo prawnie zdeterminowana. Jednym z jej przejawów jest swoboda uwzględniania w rozstrzyganiu spraw podatkowych szans na wygraną w sporze sądowym ze stroną postępowania. Ocena takich szans może prowadzić (i często rzeczywiście prowadzi) do zawarcia przez organ podatkowy ze stroną postępowania (podatnikiem) nieformalnej ugody procesowej w miejsce dalszego prowadzenia sporu. Większość przejawów dyskrecjonalności w zarządzaniu procedurami podatkowymi uchodzi uwagi polskiego ustawodawcy. Dyskrecjonalność ta powinna zostać poddana doktrynalnej analizie i prawnej regulacji. Zapewni to większą przejrzystość i kontrolowalność sposobu jej wykorzystania.
Sociotechnical imaginaries shaping China’s emerging social credit system
Authors: Bloch Marylaure 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Is the convergence of new technologies and an authoritarian state bound to create an all-encompassing surveillance system? Is this happening in China with the Social Credit System (shehui xinyong tixi, abb. SCS)? Grounded in the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS), this article aims to describe the nature of the project by focusing on its inception and retracing how the initial visions materialized into the system that is now in place. It will do so by seeking to identify the sociotechnical imaginaries rooted in the SCS with the premise that these imaginaries, in particular the ones proposed by authoritative actors, shape the development trajectory of the SCS. Next, it asks whether the dominant sociotechnical imaginaries are control and power legitimation. By touching upon the role of officials, academics, private companies, and citizens in negotiating what is practicable and what is desirable, this article argues that the SCS does not follow a determined trajectory toward technologically enabled dictatorship. It is the result of a process that Sheila Jasanoff has described as co-production, as the various actors embed their values into the project by imagining, engineering, using or even rejecting elements of the SCS. This article finds that before even knowing all the possibilities offered by new technologies, a certain future was envisioned and shared. Rather than the need for control and surveillance, actors emphasized the importance of trustworthiness, the advancement of a post-industrial society, quality of life, and a sense of community. In a certain way, technology was expected to offer a solution to most, if not all social problems. The room left for experimentation supports the argument that sociotechnical imaginaries have the potential to impact the development trajectory of the SCS project. The article concludes that, after more than 20 years since its inception, the SCS is still a policy under construction, whose interpretation and use is yet to be stabilized.
Effect of trace Sc and Zr on microstructure and properties of as-cast 5182 aluminum alloy
Authors: Kang Fuwei , Wang Enhao , Tian Chun , Jiang Wei , Xu Pei , Lu Jinlong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Four groups of 5182, 5182-0.4 % Sc, 5182-0.1 % Sc-0.3 % Zr and 5182-0.3 % Sc-0.1 % Zr (wt.%) aluminium alloys were prepared. The microstructures of these alloys were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the addition of Sc leads to the effect of grain refinement, and adding both Sc and Zr makes this phenomenon even more obvious. The morphology and distribution of the second phase changed. The addition of Sc makes the tensile strength increase and the elongation decrease. Adding both Sc and Zr significantly improves the mechanical properties of the alloy. The tensile strength of 5182-0.3 % Sc-0.1 % Zr alloy reaches a maximum value of 223 MPa, and the Brinell hardness of the alloy reaches a maximum value of 88.7 HBW.
Computer assisted skull base surgery: a contemporary review
Authors: Bartella Alexander K. , Hoshal Steven G. , Lethaus Bernd , Strong E. Bradley 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Skull base surgery has evolved significantly since Harvey Cushing‘s first descriptions in the early 1900s. Computer aided surgery (CAS) applications continue to expand; they include virtual surgical planning, augmented and virtual reality, 3D printing of models/cutting guides/implants, surgical navigation, and intraoperative imaging. The authors will review the current skull base CAS literature and propose a computer aided surgical workflow categorizing these applications into 3 phases: 1) Virtual planning, 2) Surgical execution, 3) Intraoperative verification.
Relationship between Human Capital, Innovation Capability and Employee Job Performance in Academic Libraries in Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe
Authors: Chiganze Tinotenda , Sağsan Mustafa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Human capital is considered crucial for the sustainability and success of libraries in this era of globalization. The presented study investigated the effect of human capital on innovation capability and employee job performance in academic libraries. Further, it also explored the effect of innovation capability on employee job performance in academic libraries This study implemented a survey research design. Structured questionnaires were employed to collect the data using the convenience sampling technique. The population of the study included 387 librarians and library assistants from academic libraries in the Southern Africa Region which incorporates three countries, namely Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.23. The results indicated that human capital had a significant and positive effect on innovation capability and employee job performance in academic libraries. Innovation capability also had a significant and positive effect on employee job performance. The major limitation of the study is that it focused only on three Southern African countries, namely Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Additionally, the study only concentrated on academic libraries and excluded the other types of libraries such as public, school, and special libraries. The study illustrates essential implications to library managers on the significance of human capital and, therefore, recommends that library managers should place emphasis on the part which human capital plays and invest in the most viable elements of human capital, which can develop innovation capabilities and, in turn, play a substantial part in boosting employees’ job performance.
User Participation in Archival Knowledge Structures: Archival Description as Domain and Testing Ground
Authors: Wiles Bradley 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a critical analysis of disciplinary discussions on user-generated contributions to institutional archives collections metadata and attempts to assess its impact on professional archivists’ approach to archival description. It frames archival description as a distinct knowledge domain and considers the possibilities, limitations, and contradictions of expanding this key function of archival work beyond the professional purview. It discusses how enhanced user participation might contribute to the knowledge and information infrastructures of archives and what this might suggest for archival description going forward. It identifies various practical, theoretical, and ethical implications for archives emerging from this body of literature, all undergirded by the role of technology in shaping the cultural and historical phenomena that archives seek to capture. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of archives’ renewed place in knowledge building in a digital society and offers suggestions for continued inquiry.
Die unvollendete Annexion
Authors: Loth Wilfried 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Der Gründung des Saarlands im Dezember 1947 ging ein langwieriger Suchprozess voraus. Wie sollte man Frankreich die Erträge des Kohlereviers an der Saar sichern, ohne erneut Opfer eines Plebiszits der Saar-Bevölkerung zu werden? Die Wirtschaftsabteilung des Pariser Außenministeriums empfahl dazu im Dezember 1944 die Annexion eines erweiterten Saar-Territoriums verbunden mit der Ausweisung der gesamten Bevölkerung. Die Regierung de Gaulle agierte auf dieser Linie, entschied dann aber im Sommer 1945, nur einen Teil der Bevölkerung auszuweisen. Die übrigen Bewohner sollten durch eine „richtig verstandene Assimilationspolitik“ in die französische Nation integriert werden. Erst im Winter 1946/47 führten die Entwicklung des Meinungsbilds an der Saar und die Notwendigkeit, sich gegenüber den westlichen Siegermächten der Unterstützung des sozialistischen Koalitionspartners zu versichern, zur Beschränkung auf den wirtschaftlichen Anschluss.
BM 40757: Marduk’s Arrival at the Akītu Temple on the 8th of Nisannu
Authors: Riva Rocío Da 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article offers an edition and an attempt at an interpretation of text BM 40757, which records a ritual related to the New Year Festival (NYF), or Akītu, of Marduk in Babylon. The text contains information on the festival’s structure, setting, and organization. It clarifies aspects related to the arrival of the river procession at the Akītu temple, the participants and deities involved, their spatial and ritual arrangements, the offerings and rites performed, the ceremonial elements involved, and the specific spaces in which the rites were carried out. It also illustrates aspects of urban cultic topography and, more importantly, features of the Akītu temple’s layout.