bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of school closure intervention during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Evidence from the Milan area
Authors: Consolazio David , Sarti Simone , Terraneo Marco , Celata Corrado , Russo Antonio Giampiero 
Published: July 2022

Background
In February 2021, the spread of a new variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the Lombardy Region, Italy caused concerns about school-aged children as a source of contagion, leading local authorities to adopt an extraordinary school closure measure. This generated a debate about the usefulness of such an intervention in light of the trade-off between its related benefits and costs (e.g. delays in educational attainment, impact on children and families’ psycho-physical well-being). This article analyses the epidemiological impact of the school closure intervention in the Milan metropolitan area.

Methods
Data from the Agency for Health Protection of the Metropolitan City of Milan allowed analysing the trend of contagion in different age classes before and after the intervention, adopting an interrupted times series design, providing a quasi-experimental counterfactual scenario. Segmented Poisson regression models of daily incident cases were performed separately for the 3–11-year-old, the 12–19-year-old, and the 20+-year-old age groups, examining the change in the contagion curves after the intervention, adjusting for time-varying confounders. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression were used to assess the equality of survival curves in the three age groups before and after the intervention.

Results
Net of time-varying confounders, the intervention produced a daily reduction of the risk of contagion by 4% in those aged 3–11 and 12–19 (IRR = 0·96) and by 3% in those aged 20 or more (IRR = 0·97). More importantly, there were differences in the temporal order of contagion decrease between the age groups, with the epidemic curve lowering first in the school-aged children directly affected by the intervention, and only subsequently in the adult population, which presumably indirectly benefitted from the reduction of contagion among children.

Conclusion
Though it was not possible to completely discern the effect of school closures from concurrent policy measures, a substantial decrease in the contagion curves was clearly detected after the intervention. The extent to which the slowdown of infections counterbalanced the social costs of the policy remains unclear.
Depolymerisation of kraft lignin to obtain high value-added products: antioxidants and UV absorbers
Authors: Aufischer Gottfried , Süss Raphaela , Kamm Birgit , Paulik Christian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study demonstrates that bio-based products of lignin depolymerisation can potentially replace common antioxidants and UV absorbers in the plastics and cosmetics industries. The kraft lignin Indulin AT was used to obtain low-MW lignin and monomers & oligomers rich in phenolic hydroxyl groups. Both thermo-oxidative stability and antioxidant activity significantly improved upon lignin depolymerisation. The results from oxidation induction time differential scanning calorimetry (OIT-DSC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) measurements show that the lignin based depolymerisation products are comparable with commercial antioxidants like pentaerythritol-tetrakis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate) (Irganox 1010). UV/vis spectroscopy was investigated to confirm absorption of the depolymerisation products in the UVA and UVB range (280–400 nm).
Humor and hierarchy: an experimental study of the effects of humor production on male dominance, prestige and attractiveness
Authors: Giritlioglu Ali , Chaudhary Nikhil 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We conducted a cross-cultural experiment on a sample of 230 participants, to examine how listening to an audio recording of a male telling a joke followed by either laughter (humorous condition) or an unimpressed murmur (non-humorous condition) affected participant ratings of that male’s social status, dominance, prestige and attractiveness. The experiment followed a between-subjects design. The sample was cross-cultural to explore possible cultural variation and compared effects among Western (UK & USA) (n = 119, 74 females) and Turkish (n = 111, 87 females) participants. We measured participants’ ratings of dominance/prestige and attractiveness, based on validated and previously used scales. In the humorous condition, the male was rated as having significantly higher social status and prestige but not dominance. He was also rated as more attractive by female participants from the UK & USA; this effect was mediated by prestige. Conversely, attractiveness ratings by female Turkish participants did not differ across conditions. The effect among the former was found to have been mediated via prestige. We interpret these findings as suggesting that humor production represents a means of gaining status but also highlighting that its recognized role in attractiveness varies cross-culturally. Although the present endeavor represents a pilot study, we believe that our findings raise new questions regarding the interrelationships of humor production, status, and attractiveness, and their evolutionary background.
Calendering of thermoplastics: models and computations
Authors: Mitsoulis Evan , Polychronopoulos Nickolas D. , Hatzikiriakos Savvas G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
John Vlachopoulos (JV) started his polymer processing career with the process of calendering. In two landmark papers with Kiparissides, C. and Vlachopoulos, J. (1976). Finite element analysis of calendering. Polym. Eng. Sci. 16: 712–719; Kiparissides, C. and Vlachopoulos, J. (1978). A study of viscous dissipation in the calendering of power-law fluids. Polym. Eng. Sci. 18: 210–214 he introduced the Finite Element Method (FEM) to solve the governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy based on the Lubrication Approximation Theory (LAT). This early work was followed by the introduction of wall slip (with Vlachopoulos, J. and Hrymak, A.N. (1980). Calendering poly(vinyl chloride): theory and experiments. Polym. Eng. Sci. 20: 725–731). The first 2-D simulations for calendering PVC were carried out with Mitsoulis, E., Vlachopoulos, J., and Mirza, F.A. (1985). Calendering analysis without the lubrication approximation. Polym. Eng. Sci. 25: 6–18. In the intervening 35 years, other works have emerged, however our understanding has not been drastically improved since JV’s early works. Results have also been obtained for pseudoplastic and viscoplastic fluids using the general Herschel-Bulkley constitutive model. The emphasis was on finding possible differences with LAT regarding the attachment and detachment points of the calendered sheet (hence the domain length), and the extent and shape of yielded/unyielded regions. The results showed that while the former is well predicted by LAT, the latter is grossly overpredicted. More results have been obtained for 3-D simulations, showing intricate patterns in the melt bank. Also, the transient problem has been solved using the ALE-FEM formulation for moving free-boundary problems. The results are compared with the previous simulations for the steady-state and show a good agreement. The transient simulations capture the movement of the upstream and downstream free surfaces, and also provide the attachment and detachment points, which are unknown a priori. Finding these still remains the prevailing challenge in the modeling of the calendering process.
Not Marginal, But Marginalised. The ‘Pan-Grave’ Archaeological Culture, Pharaonic Egypt, and Egyptology
Authors: de Souza Aaron 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper focusses on the so-called “Pan-Grave” archaeological culture, and the extent to which communities attributed to it can or should be considered “marginal” based on the available archaeological and historical evidence. It will be argued that communities that archaeologists identify as “Pan-Grave” were likely to have been small and hence a minority in terms of population size, but that the wide distribution of evidence suggests that “Pan-Grave culture” was a recognisable component of the ancient Egyptian socio-cultural landscape. The frequency and variety of evidence for contact and exchange between the Pan-Grave and Egyptian cultural spheres points towards close social ties rather than Pan-Grave being marginal to the ancient Egyptian “core”. At the same time, it is proposed that Pan-Grave culture—and Nubian cultures in general—have been marginalised by Egyptology as an academic discipline, which has a tradition of implicitly (and explicitly) using ancient rhetoric to justify its own conception of ancient Egyptian dominance. It is also argued that a re-framing of “Pan-Grave” communities as an integral part of the cultural fabric of pharaonic Egypt would encourage Egyptology as a discipline to question its own perception of what defines “Egyptian” from both ancient and academic perspectives.
Measuring Community Disaster Resilience Over Time
Authors: McConkey Sally Ann , Larson Eric R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Natural disaster impacts can be mitigated by building community resilience and this recognition has elevated the importance of demonstrating the return on resilience investment. Subsequently, there is a demand for resilience measurement tools. The Baseline Resilience Indicator for Communities (BRIC), is an index based on variables representing resilience attributes identified in the literature. BRIC is representative of indices designed for national assessments, applies to multiple natural disasters at the county level in the US, and its application in national assessments has been demonstrated. This analysis tests the BRIC index in two longitudinal case studies by examining the variables that constitute the index. Specific variables used in the BRIC index are explored through the examination of the suitability of each variable for use in longitudinal studies at the county level and the variable’s skill in capturing known events and activities expected to have an impact on resilience. Detailed examination of each variable in the context of the community profile provides insights to improve formulations of variables. New variables are proposed to better capture community characteristics and actions that enhance resilience.
High sensitivity ultraviolet graphene-metamaterial integrated electro-optic modulator enhanced by superlubricity
Authors: Xu Yanli , Zhang Chuan , Li Weimin , Li Rong , Liu Jiangtao , Liu Ze , Wu Zhenhua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) electro-optic modulation system based on graphene-plasmonic metamaterials nanomechanical system (NEMS) with superlubricity is investigated. Due to the strong optical absorption intensity of graphene in the UV region and the combination of metamaterial structure based on surface plasmons, the modulation depth of the UV NEMS electro-optic modulator approaches as high as 8.5 times compared to the counterpart modulator in visible light region. Meanwhile, the superlubricity significantly reduces the power consumption of the UV electro-optic modulation system due to its extremely low friction coefficient. It also significantly increases the response speed of the modulator, with response time down to nanoseconds. The modulation voltage can be equal to or less than 150 mV. The proposed electro-optic modulation system has a simple structure and high sensitivity, which is supposed to have important applications in UV optoelectronic devices and systems.
Description and Outcomes of an Innovative Concurrent Hospice-Dialysis Program
Authors: Ernecoff Natalie C. , Bursic Alexandra E. , Motter Erica M. , Lagnese Keith , Taylor Robert , Schell Jane O. 
Published: July 2022

Significance Statement
Patients with ESKD access hospice care only about half as often as patients in the general Medicare population. A novel Concurrent Hospice and Dialysis Program aims to improve hospice access for patients with ESKD by offering palliative dialysis concurrently with hospice care. This paper describes the structure of the Program and presents a quantitative description of enrollees. Our 3-year experience with the Program demonstrated that patients had a median hospice length of stay longer than that found in previous reports and provides evidence to support future work to test the effectiveness of such clinical programs.

Background
Compared with the general Medicare population, patients with ESKD have worse quality metrics for end-of-life care, including a higher percentage experiencing hospitalizations and in-hospital deaths and a lower percentage referred to hospice. We developed a Concurrent Hospice and Dialysis Program in which patients may receive palliative dialysis alongside hospice services. The Program aims to improve access to quality end-of-life care and, ultimately, improve the experiences of patients, caregivers, and clinicians.

Objectives
We sought to describe (1) the Program and (2) enrollment and utilization characteristics of Program participants.

Methods
We conducted a quantitative description of demographics, patient characteristics, and utilization of Program enrollees.

Results
Of 43 total enrollees, 44% received at least one dialysis treatment, whereas 56% received no dialysis. The median (range) hospice length of stay was 9 (1–76) days for all participants and 13 (4–76) days for those who received at least one dialysis treatment. The average number of dialysis treatments was 3.5 (range 1–9) for hemodialysis and 19.2 (range 3–65) for peritoneal dialysis. Sixty-five percent of enrollees died at home, 23% in inpatient hospice, and 12% in a nursing facility; no patients died in the hospital.

Conclusions
Our 3-year experience with the Program demonstrated that enrollees had a longer median hospice stay than the previously reported 5-day median for patients with ESKD. Most patients received no further dialysis treatments despite the option to continue dialysis. Our experience provides evidence to support future work testing the effectiveness of such clinical programs to improve patient and utilization outcomes.
Impact of lemon grass (cymbopogon citratus) tea on the antioxidant and iron profile of non- Pregnant non- Lactating young women
Authors: Nambiar Vanisha , Matela Hema 
Published: July 2022

Cymbopogon citrates (Lemon Grass) is a traditional food of Asia and is used as folk medicine. Lemongrass has high antioxidant value; however, there is a dearth of human trials showing impact of Lemon Grass on health. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of Lemon Grass supplementation on antioxidant and Iron profile of Non-Pregnant and Non Lactating Healthy Adult Women. The 3.5g oven dried lemongrass tea (infused) was supplemented (twice daily) to non-pregnant non- lactating healthy adult women (19-25 years) for a period of 60 days. : it was found that there was significant increase in antioxidant values as assessed by FRAP (17.1±4.3 to 25.5±6.6, p ≤ 0.000). However, there was a 1.8% reduction in Hb (12.2±1.4 to 11.9±1.4g/dl (p≤ 0.05) levels with an insignificant decrease of Ferritin (6.7%), Erythrocyte (0.6%) Hematocrit (2.6%), MCH (0.5%) and MCHC (0.3%) values. Moreover, there was a decrease in normocytic normochromic subjects from 86.6 to 80.0 percent. Lemon Grasstea contributes to enhanced antioxidant levels in adult women, however, its effects on the CBC levels need to be corroborated.
Comparison of pain, posture, physical activity and sleep quality of undergraduate and graduate students of health sciences
Authors: Topcu Zehra Güçhan , Tomaç Hayriye , ˙Ikiz Bihter 
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate pain, posture, levels of physical activity, and sleep quality in undergraduate and postgraduate students along with determine how educational differences affect these parameters.A cross-sectional study. This study conducted with the participation of 60 undergraduate, 58 graduate students. The Short-Form McGill pain questionnaire was used to assess pain, the New York Posture assessment for posture assessment, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to determine physical activity levels, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale to determine sleep quality. A total of 118 participants (mean age =24.07 years, 72.9% women) were included in the study. Posture and the low IPAQ score had significant differences between undergraduate and graduates (p&#60;0.05), whereas pain, IPAQ total score, and sleep quality were similar (p&#62;0.05). When the literature is briefly mentioned, there are general studies about university students, but it was not clear how the undergraduate and postgraduate status of the students affected the health related factors. Therefore, based on the results of this study, necessary evaluations and improvements should be made regarding the risk factors faced by the students, taking into account the pain, posture, physical activity levels, and sleep quality of undergraduate and postgraduate students.
The impact of breast self-examination (BSE) on school teachers
Authors: Goud B K Manjunatha , Begum Saidunnisa , Asif Nailah , Ivanthima Nishani , Mahmoud Mohamed , Khan Shahul Hamid 
Published: July 2022

Globally breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females and is a major health problem. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an important tool for the prevention and maintenance of health. Fostering education and skill training to the women to perform BSE correctly will improve the prognosis and reduce mortality. This study was designed with the objective to evaluate the impact of BSE on school teachers.The study was conducted at RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. Pretest and post-test research design with convenience sampling technique was used in the present study. The subjects enrolled were 145 school teachers of the age group from 21 to 55 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was collected using a prevalidated structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Pre-and post-intervention results were calculated using paired t-test.There was a significant increase in the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP)scores after post-test (17.2) when compared to the pre-test (12.5). The p-value for the pre-test and post-test scores of KAP regarding breast self-examination was &#60;0.0001.The present study concludes the structured educational program positively influenced school teachers on breast self- examination.
Optimization of traditional puffing of a nutritious local grain (Amaranthus spp.) and development of a scalable business model supporting community health
Authors: Chhabra Iksha , Kaur Avneet 
Published: July 2022

Promoting and encouraging use of diverse nutritious grains is not only healthy but can also, provide livelihood opportunities to rural groups.The study attempted a farm to table approach by standardizing traditional puffing of amaranth grains and training women for a batch scale process to develop a scalable business model. Manual puffing process for amaranth grains was developed and standardized. Puffed samples were compared with market samples for sensory parameters, expansion ratio, nutritive composition and sodium content using SPSS and MS-excel statistical analysis.It was observed that direct heat puffing of cleaned and sieved grains on inclined karahis, provided good puffing efficiency (approximate 94%). Manually puffed grains had similar nutritional values and were crunchier than the market samples. Though, the machine puffed samples had better expansion ratio but, a higher sodium content of 1349.01 ± 0.073 and 1346.15 ± 0.014 mg/100g was reported when compared with manually puffed grains having only 135.3 ±0.037mg/100g of sodium. Individual capacities of women were observed for six months to develop a learning curve to understand production efficiencies. The production capacity of women ranged from 2250 kg to 3250 kg per month. A traceable model was developed, by procuring grains from small and marginal farmers, and processing undertaken by trained women groups. A production of 34, 936 kg of puffed grain in the FY 2020-21 indicated a potential for a sustainable business supporting livelihoods and health.
Bases de datos académicas-científicas, su uso para el desarrollo de la investigación y producción de las IES en el sector aeronáutico en Colombia
Authors: Martínez Lobo Alicia del Pilar , Martínez Romero Bernardo 
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo reflexivo da cuenta del proyecto de investigación “Propuesta Creación del Centro de I+D+i para le CEA”, y tiene por objetivo explorar y analizar el manejo de buscadores especializados, de bases de datos para el desarrollo de la producción académica y científica por parte de docentes e investigadores en Colombia, y comprobar el uso de este tipo de recursos tecnológicos para el desarrollo de su producción académica o científica mediante una encuesta realizada a 164 docentes de seis universidades privadas acreditadas, y cuatro Instituciones de educación superior (IES) públicas del sector militar, elegidos al azar, involucrados en actividades de investigación. Para ello, este artículo se aborda desde cuatro aspectos: primero, revisión teórica de universidades acreditadas en el país hasta el 2019; segundo, caracterización de los grupos de investigación e investigadores reconocidos en Colombia para establecer la participación de las IES, tomando como base el análisis estadístico que de ellos hace Colciencias con los resultados de su convocatoria 833 de 2018:de, , tercero, exploración general de las bases de datos más conocidas, describiendo las de acceso abierto y las que requieren inscripción para su adquisición; cuarto, aplicación de una encuesta a una muestra seleccionada de docentes investigadores con el fin de identificar las estrategias usadas por ellos para la recolección de la información académica y científica, y establecer una visión general del uso de las bases de datos científicos en la academia.
The Relationship between the Characteristics of the Board of Directors and Performance of Companies with Reference to Yemeni Banks
Authors: جمعان نجاة 
Published: July 2022

The study investigated the relationship between the board of directors’ characteristics and performance in the Yemeni banks. It aimed to identify and measure the variables of the board of directors’ characteristics, and then develop a model to measure such relationships. To achieve the study objectives, panel data of 10 Yemeni banks for the years 2000-2013 were used. The study also developed 13 independent variables related to characteristics of the board of directors and two dependent variables pertinent to finance. The study used multiple regression models to test this relationship. The econometric program (EVIEWS) was also used. The study results showed that there were positive relationships between the number of meetings, the dual role of CEOs, CEO and board members’ salaries and remuneration and their percentage of ownership, on the one hand, and between the ROE and ROA on the other. In addition, the results revealed a negative relationship between the board size, number of executive members, qualifications of the CEO, and the ROE and ROA. However, there were conflicting results of the relationships between the number of audit committee members and the ROE and ROA. Therefore, it was recommended that banks form effective structure of boards of directors with good characteristics that could have positive effect on performance. It was also recommended that the Central Bank of Yemen encourage banks to provide regular data on the BOD for researchers, and enhance the participation of women in the boards.
Keywords: Board of directors, Characteristics of the board of directors, Bank performance, ROE, ROA.