bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Young Embedded Disk L1527 IRS: Constraints on the Water Snowline and Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate from HCO+ Observations
Authors: van ’t Hoff Merel L. R. , Leemker Margot , Tobin John J. , Harsono Daniel , Jørgensen Jes K. , Bergin Edwin A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The water snowline in circumstellar disks is a crucial component in planet formation, but direct observational constraints on its location remain sparse owing to the difficulty of observing water in both young embedded and mature protoplanetary disks. Chemical imaging provides an alternative route to locate the snowline, and HCO+ isotopologues have been shown to be good tracers in protostellar envelopes and Herbig disks. Here we present ∼0.″5 resolution (∼35 au radius) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of HCO+
J = 4 − 3 and H13CO+
J = 3 − 2 toward the young (Class 0/I) disk L1527 IRS. Using a source-specific physical model with the midplane snowline at 3.4 au and a small chemical network, we are able to reproduce the HCO+ and H13CO+ emission, but for HCO+ only when the cosmic-ray ionization rate is lowered to 10−18 s−1. Even though the observations are not sensitive to the expected HCO+ abundance drop across the snowline, the reduction in HCO+ above the snow surface and the global temperature structure allow us to constrain a snowline location between 1.8 and 4.1 au. Deep observations are required to eliminate the envelope contribution to the emission and to derive more stringent constraints on the snowline location. Locating the snowline in young disks directly with observations of H2O isotopologues may therefore still be an alternative option. With a direct snowline measurement, HCO+ will be able to provide constraints on the ionization rate.
Absorption Spectra of Electrified Hydrogen Molecules
Authors: Walker Mark A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Molecular hydrogen normally has only weak, quadrupole transitions between its rovibrational states, but in a static electric field it acquires a dipole moment and a set of allowed transitions. Here we use published ab initio calculations of the static electrical response tensors of the H2 molecule to construct the perturbed rovibrational eigensystem and its ground state absorptions. We restrict attention to two simple field configurations that are relevant to condensed hydrogen molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM): a uniform electric field and the field of a pointlike charge. The energy eigenstates are mixtures of vibrational and angular momentum eigenstates so there are many transitions that satisfy the dipole selection rules. We find that mixing is strongest among the states with high vibrational excitation, leading to hundreds of absorption lines across the optical and near-infrared. These spectra are very different from that of the field-free molecule, so if they appeared in astronomical data they would be difficult to assign. Furthermore, in a condensed environment the excited states likely have short lifetimes to internal conversion, giving the absorption lines a diffuse appearance. We therefore suggest electrified H2 as a possible carrier of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). We further argue that in principle it may be possible to account for all of the DIBs with this one carrier. However, despite electrification, the transitions are not very strong and a large column of condensed H2 would be required, making it difficult to reconcile this possibility with our current understanding of the ISM.
The Solar Wind Parker Spiral Angle Distributions and Variations at 1 au
Authors: Chang Qing , Xu Xiaojun , Wang Xing , Ye Yudong , Xu Qi , Wang Jing , Wang Ming , Zhou Zilu , Luo Lei , Cheng Shaoguan , He Peishan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Using the data from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and Wind spacecraft, we statistically studied the Parker spiral angle (PSA) of the solar wind magnetic field from 1998 to 2019 at 1 au. The PSA occurrences over both a Carrington rotation (CR) and a year can be well fitted by a Gaussian distribution. However, large-scale magnetic structures, such as interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), can significantly deviate the PSA distribution of a CR from the Gaussian distribution. The PSA distributions of each CR and each year are affected by the solar activity: They are more concentrated at a relatively higher average PSA at solar maximum. There is also a weak anticorrelation between the yearly solar wind speed (v
sw) and the average PSA. MESSENGER, Venus Express, and ACE observations at different heliocentric distances within 1 au show that the dominating polarities of the heliospheric magnetic field change greatly from year to year even when the solar activity is on the same level. Our results suggest that the PSA distribution in addition to the sunspot number can provide some new information on the magnetic field variation of the Sun.
Effects of Total Solar Eclipse on Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Antarctica on 2021 December 4
Authors: Idosa Chali Uga , Rikitu Kebede Shogile 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The effects of a total solar eclipse that occurred on 2021 December 4 on ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over Antarctic stations were studied. The study was based on GPS data obtained over Antarctica on the day of the eclipse and the days before and after the eclipse over six GPS stations. The findings of this study show that a total solar eclipse lowers the amount of ionization reaching the Earth’s surface with TEC values dropping across the stations. Finally, the enhancement of ΔTEC is quite different from one station to another station. This may also be due to the effect of solar heating conditions and the density of the Sun as exerted over the stations with the Sun side over one station and the clouded part over the others.
Techniques de taille de la pierre et esthétique du mur dans l’architecture cistercienne (deuxième moitié du XIIe siècle - début du XIIIe siècle)
Authors: Vergnolle Éliane 
Published: June 2022

La mise en chantier de la troisième abbatiale de Clairvaux, vers le milieu du XIIe siècle, semble avoir inauguré un nouveau mode de traitement du mur que l’on retrouve peu après non seulement dans ses principales « filles » régionales (Cherlieu, Acey) mais dans des régions éloignées et relevant d’autres traditions architecturales (Noirlac, La Bénisson-Dieu). Cette mode est fondée sur une diversification des techniques de taille de la pierre où sont associées des parties réalisées au marteau taillant droit (laie), à la bretture ou à la broche mais aussi à la gouge ou au ciseau, diversification dont l’effet pittoresque ne manque pas d’interroger dans une architecture cistercienne qui privilégie par ailleurs l’aspiration à l’essentiel.
Recherches en chronologie : Archéologie du bâti et méthodes de datation, usages et potentialités en 2020
Authors: Guibert Pierre , Urbanová Petra 
Published: June 2022

Aujourd’hui en 2020, plusieurs méthodes physiques de datation sont applicables
pour l’archéologie des monuments : dendrochronologie, radiocarbone,
archéomagnétisme, luminescence. Le spectre des matériaux dont la fabrication ou
la mise en œuvre sont susceptibles d’être datées est large : bois d’œuvre,
mortiers et enduits, terres cuites architecturales, éléments ferreux (par
radiocarbone), pierres de construction, terre crue. Ainsi de nombreuses
situations sont accessibles à la datation : édification, remplois de matériaux,
réfections, incendies etc. Parmi les innovations les plus significatives de
cette dernière décennie, la datation des mortiers par luminescence optiquement
stimulée (mode monograin ou « single grain OSL dating », SG-OSL) constitue une
avancée majeure pour l’archéologie des bâtiments, en raison de sa portée
générale et de son lien direct avec l’édification. Avec l’exemple de l’étude de
la crypte de la basilique Saint-Seurin de Bordeaux, nous décrivons la mise en
œuvre d’une recherche interdisciplinaire et nous discutons de la façon dont ont
été mises en commun les données chronologiques issues des méthodes physiques et
des approches archéologiques ou historiques du bâtiment, en vue de déterminer la
chronologie de la séquence d’événements.
Possibilités offertes par l’outil géophysique
Authors: Tabbagh Alain , Camerlynck Christian , Dabas Michel 
Published: June 2022

L’outil géophysique est utilisé en archéologie pour décrire dans les trois dimensions la répartition spatiale d’une propriété physique de l’échelle métrique ou décamétrique, lorsque l’investigation porte sur le sous-sol, à l’échelle décimétrique lorsqu’elle porte sur du bâti en élévation. Les mesures sont réalisées sous plusieurs conditions : ne modifier en rien le milieu étudié, être reproductibles et rapides, montrer une variabilité suffisamment importante pour que l’on puisse différencier les matériaux archéologiques s’ils présentent un volume et un contraste suffisants. Trois propriétés physiques sont principalement utilisées : la résistivité électrique (par l’emploi des méthodes électrique, électrostatique ou électromagnétique basse fréquence, EMI), la susceptibilité magnétique (méthodes magnétiques et EMI) et la permittivité diélectrique (Radar-sol ou GPR en haute fréquence). En milieu urbanisé, l’existence de nombreuses sources de perturbation et l’état des surfaces étudiées conduisent à privilégier le Radar-sol et la méthode électrostatique.Les constructions offrent en général des contrastes suffisants pour que l’outil géophysique puisse être utilisé aussi bien pour le relevé du plan de l’ensemble d’une ville que pour l’analyse d’un bâtiment particulier ou d’éléments en élévation. Pour les monuments médiévaux en ville, les premières prospections ont été réalisées dans les années 70 notamment à Beauvais et à La Charité-sur-Loire par la méthode électrique. En milieu rural, de nombreux cas ont été traités comme les abbayes de tradition bénédictine. L’exemple de la ‘Grand-Place’ de Bruxelles montre tout l’intérêt qu’il y a à coupler les méthodes Radar-sol et électrostatique. À l’échelle décimétrique il est possible de mettre en évidence la structure interne d’un mur. L’identification de la nature des pierres utilisées et donc des choix des constructeurs a aussi pu être réalisée sur des édifices médiévaux et modernes encore en élévation.
L’apport de l’étude de l’ornement sculpté des supports de l’architecture gothique dans la compréhension et la datation du chantier de construction en vallée mosane
Authors: Wilmet Aline 
Published: June 2022

En Belgique, si le décor sculpté a longtemps été utilisé pour définir une géographie artistique, il n’a paradoxalement jamais fait l’objet d’une analyse approfondie. Une thèse de doctorat défendue en 2017 à l’Université de Namur a permis de renouveler l’étude du décor sculpté en développant une méthodologie à double approche : l’analyse typologique et morphologique en dialogue constant avec l’analyse matérielle de l’ornement. Le cas de l’ancienne collégiale Saint-Paul de Liège illustre parfaitement l’intérêt d’utiliser le décor sculpté architectural en tant qu’outil de compréhension du bâtiment et de sa datation.
Du passé à l’avenir ou de l’archéologue à l’architecte : transmettre le patrimoine
Authors: Cadiou Elen 
Published: June 2022

Si l’archéologue s’intéresse au passé, l’architecte projette pour l’avenir. Il n’en reste pas moins que le premier, en déconstruisant, cherche à comprendre l’acte de construire ou de détruire et que le second, en construisant, s’inscrit dans une durée en créant le patrimoine de demain.Entre les deux, il existe ce moment présent où archéologue et architecte interviennent sur un édifice existant pour l’étudier, l’appréhender, le sauvegarder, le restaurer et le transmettre : un travail sur le temps et sur l’espace qui concilie deux professions qui pourraient sembler de prime abord antinomiques.
Association of the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene and the deletional mutation of CYP2D6 gene with the prevalence and severity of depressive disorder in an Eastern Indian population
Authors: Haldar Somnath , Roy Suparna , Sen Santanu , Dasgupta Anindya , Ghosh Srijit 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) and deletional mutation of the cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) have been reported to be linked to the etiology and severity of depressive disorders (DD) in a variable manner among different ethnicities and populations.

Aims:
The present study was aimed to find the relationship of mutational variations of these two neurotrophins with the severity of DD and their serum cortisol levels as a marker of the stress factor.

Methods:
In 104 drug-naïve newly diagnosed cases of DD and 106 control subjects, the severity of depression was assessed using the HAM-D score. Val66Met SNP of the BDNF was analyzed in them using restriction digestion of its polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product. CYP2D6 deletional variants were detected by the absence of their PCR products. Serum cortisol levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

Results:
The Chi-square test (Χ2 = 1.42, P = 0.49) did not show any higher prevalence of Val66Met SNP of the BDNF gene in the case group. A correlation coefficient (R) of –0.14 for HAM-D score with a P value of 0.29 signified no direct link of the severity of DD with this SNP. However, a Χ2 of 12.68 with P < 0.001 indicated a significantly higher prevalence of the CYP2D6 deletional mutants in DD cases, whereas an R-value of 0.39 for HAM-D score with P < 0.001 suggested a significantly higher severity of DD having with them. Serum cortisol level showed a significant positive correlation with the deletional variants of CYP2D6 (R = 0.198, P = 0.04) and the HAM-D score (R = 0.22, P = 0.025).

Conclusion:
We conclude that CYP2D6 deletion significantly contributes to the severity and stress factor in the DD patients in our study population. Early identification of these mutations may provide important molecular and cellular predisposition for the disease and may lay the ground for possible more effective measures of intervention.
Effect of chronic opioid use on the hematological and inflammatory markers: A retrospective study from North India
Authors: Quraishi Rizwana , Kathiresan Preethy , Verma Kamini , Rao Ravindra , Jain Raka 
Published: June 2022

Background
Chronic opioid use affects biological functioning implicating the hematopoietic and immune system. It may alter various hematological parameters and inflammatory markers. This study aimed to assess the association of opioid dependence with the hematological parameters and inflammatory markers in the Indian population.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was done among opioid dependent (ODS) males and healthy controls (HC) who visited the center’s laboratory between Jan 2017 and Dec 2018 for hematological investigations. Clinical records reviewed for opioid use details like type, duration, and route of administration. The hematological profile presented as Mean or median. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the hematological parameters between the cases and controls.

Results
The study included 191 ODS patients and 123 controls. Among ODS patients, a significant decrease in the levels of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin and an increase in RBC count and lymphocytes was observed when compared to controls. The inflammatory markers, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio, were significantly lower among ODS. Longer duration of opioid use leads to increased NLR among ODS patients. Opioid use by injection did not alter any of the hematological parameters compared to non-injection drug use.

Conclusion
Chronic opioid use has a significant effect on the hematopoietic cells. Opioid use for longer durations increases the inflammatory markers suggesting underlying infections.
Immediate and short-term prevalence of depression in covid-19 patients and its correlation with continued symptoms experience
Authors: Shah Ashutosh , Bhattad Dhiraj 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 infection can result in prolonged illness in those infected irrespective of disease severity. Infectious diseases are associated with a higher risk of mood disorders. A better understanding of convalescence, symptom duration, as well as the prevalence of depression among recovering patients, could help plan better care for the survivors of COVID-19.

Aim:
The study aimed to estimate the immediate and short-term prevalence of major depressive disorder and its correlation with continued symptom experience.

Methods:
In this non-interventional, observational, and cross-sectional telephone survey study, 273 participants were included from January 2021 to April 2021 and 261 completed follow-up by July 2021. The symptoms at the time of RT-PCR testing and during the two phone calls were captured and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 item (PHQ-9) version was administered.

Results:
During the immediate and short-term period following COVID-19, 144/261 (55.1%) and 71/261 (27.2%) patients had not returned to usual health, respectively, and 33/261 (12.8%) and 13/261 (5%) of the patients developed depression, respectively. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictors of depression in short-term period following COVID-19 were comorbid diabetes mellitus (OR = 32.99, 95% CI- 2.19-496, P = 0.011), number of symptoms at the time of RT-PCR testing (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.23-1.92, P = 0.018), and number of symptoms at short-term period following COVID-19 (OR = 2.85, 95% CI 1.47-5.51, P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Individuals with a greater number of symptoms at the time of RT-PCR testing, with post-COVID symptoms persisting 3 months later, and those who have comorbid diabetes mellitus, are at greater odds to have comorbid depression.
Evaluation of alcohol use pattern among OST patients using alcohol biomarkers: Report from community clinics in India
Authors: Quraishi Rizwana , Varshney Mohit , Rao Ravindra V. , Ambekar Atul 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Opioid-dependent patients undergoing opioid substitution therapy (OST) consume alcohol in a hazardous pattern which adversely affects their treatment outcome. This study aims to measure alcohol biomarkers to screen for secondary alcohol use in OST patients.

Methods:
A pilot study was planned to measure alcohol biomarkers (AST, ALT, GGT, and CDT) to assess alcohol use in OST patients from three community clinics. The biomarkers were categorized based on the reported frequency of alcohol use. The association of the biomarkers with the frequency of alcohol consumption was determined using the post hoc (Mann–Whitney) test.

Results:
Forty-five patients with a mean (SD) age of 37.04 (10.7) years were included in the study. Alcohol intake was reported in daily, weekly, and monthly patterns by 22, 63, and 16% of the patients, respectively. High levels of ALT, GGT, and CDT were measured in patients with daily use of alcohol. Serum CDT levels significantly differentiate daily and weekly use from monthly consumption of alcohol.

Conclusions:
Alcohol biomarkers significantly predict the pattern of alcohol use among OST patients. These results can be prudent in low-resource community clinics to improve the overall outcomes of OST in India.
A prospective study to evaluate the role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the grading of gliomas using magnetic resonance imaging perfusion and diffusion and multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Chopra Himanshu , Brar Rahat , Rathore Deepander Singh , Dwivedi Ankur , Prasad Abhishek , Rana Shaleen , Budhiraja Manish , Goudihalli Sachin Ranganatha , Singh Paramdeep 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the individual and combined efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, which include MRI perfusion, MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the grading of gliomas as low grade versus high grade. The pre-operative imaging-based grading of gliomas by multiparametric MRI was compared with the gold standard histopathological studies.

Methods:
A total of 22 patients referred to the radiology department for multiparametric MRI of the brain with presumptive diagnosis of glioma on computed tomography/MRI were included in the study. Conventional T1, T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images were obtained followed by perfusion MRI using gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist) administration. This was followed by DWI and MRS.

Results:
Our statistical analysis demonstrated that a cut-off of apparent diffusion coefficient value of 954.085 (10–6
mm2/Sec) provides a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 85.7%, respectively, in differentiating low-grade gliomas (LGGs) from high-grade gliomas (HGGs). A choline/creatine ratio cut-off value of 2 provides sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 92.9%, respectively, while a cut-off value of 1.45 of choline/N-acetylaspartate ratio provides both sensitivity and specificity of 100% in differentiating LGG from HGG. A cut-off of 1.9 for maximum relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) value provides both sensitivity and specificity of 100% in differentiating LGGs from HGGs.

Conclusions:
We concluded that perfusion MRI (rCBV) was the best parameter among perfusion MRI, DWI and MRI spectroscopy in differentiating HGGs from LGGs. Combined multiparametric results showed a diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 86.4%, 82.4%, 100%, 100% and 62.5%, respectively, on comparison with gold standard histopathological grading.
Practices Related to Infection Control During COVID-19 Times Among Dental Practitioners in Hubli–Dharwad
Authors: Shekharappa Hema Tyavanige , Bolaar Prathik S , Shetty Preetha J. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
In view of the global crisis due to the pandemic, dental practitioners are one of the high-risk categories in acquiring and spreading the infection due to their close approximation with the oral cavity. In this regard, dentists play a major role in preventing cross-contamination by following proper infection control protocol.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the practices related to infection control protocol regarding COVID-19 among dental practitioners in Hubli–Dharwad.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October 2020 for 2 months. One hundred and fifteen IDA-registered dental practitioners were randomly selected, and a pretested close-ended questionnaire comprising 28 questions related to infection control practices was distributed. The questions were designed to mimic a usual clinical scenario when the patient walks in for a treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22, Chi-square test was used to compare the groups, and the value ofPwas set atP≤ 0.05.

Results:
Majority of the practitioners were following the proper infection protocol related to COVID-19. However, the proper method of donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) (59%) as well as disposal of PPE (56%) was not followed appropriately. A statistically significant difference was observed in relation to the location of the clinic the usage of consent forms (P = 0.017) and performing aerosol-generating procedures (P = 0.016). With respect to the professional years of experience, a statistically significant difference was observed related to the air conditioning of dental clinics (P = 0.031) and the type of filters installed (P = 0.007).

Conclusion:
Infection control protocol was followed properly by most of the practitioners; however, continuing dental education and short-term courses will add to increased awareness regarding infection control during the times of new infection.