bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The IL-4/IL-13 signaling axis promotes prostatic fibrosis
Authors: D’Arcy Quentin , Gharaee-Kermani Mehrnaz , Zhilin-Roth Alisa , Macoska Jill A. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a costly and pervasive medical problem for millions of aging men. Recent studies have showed that peri-urethral tissue fibrosis is an untreated pathobiology contributing to LUTS. Fibrosis results from excessive extracellular matrix deposition which increases transition zone and peri-urethral tissue stiffness and compromises prostatic urethral flexibility and compliance, producing urinary obstructive symptoms. Inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes, secrete a medley of pro-fibrotic proteins into the prostatic microenvironment, including IFNγ, TNFα, CXC-type chemokines, and interleukins, all of which have been implicated in inflammation-mediated fibrosis. Among these, IL-4 and IL-13 are of particular interest because they share a common signaling axis that, as shown here for the first time, promotes the expression and maintenance of IL-4, IL-13, their cognate receptors, and ECM components by prostate fibroblasts, even in the absence of immune cells. Based on studies presented here, we hypothesize that the IL-4/IL-13 axis promotes prostate fibroblast activation to ECM-secreting cells.

Methods
N1 or SFT1 immortalized prostate stromal fibroblasts were cultured and treated, short- or long-term, with pro-fibrotic proteins including IL-4, IL-13, TGF-β, TNF-α, IFNγ, with or without prior pre-treatment with antagonists or inhibitors. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, ELISA, immunoblot, or Sircoll assays. Transcript expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR. Intact cells were counted using WST assays.

Results
IL-4Rα, IL-13Rα1, and collagen are concurrently up-regulated in human peri-urethral prostate tissues from men with LUTS. IL-4 and IL-13 induce their own expression as well as that of their cognate receptors, IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1. Low concentrations of IL-4 or IL-13 act as cytokines to promote prostate fibroblast proliferation, but higher (>40ng/ml) concentrations repress cellular proliferation. Both IL-4 and IL-13 robustly and specifically promote collagen transcript and protein expression by prostate stromal fibroblasts in a JAK/STAT-dependent manner. Moreover, IL-4 and IL-13-mediated JAK/STAT signaling is coupled to activation of the IL-4Rα receptor.

Conclusions
Taken together, these studies show that IL-4 and IL-13 signal through the IL-4Rα receptor to activate JAK/STAT signaling, thereby promoting their own expression, that of their cognate receptors, and collagens. These finding suggest that the IL-4/IL-13 signaling axis is a powerful, but therapeutically targetable, pro-fibrotic mechanism in the lower urinary tract.
Development of constructs to measure client satisfaction with pharmacy services in resource-limited settings. A multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Berhanu Nimona , Birhanu Zewdie , Mulugeta Tidenek , Gudeta Tadesse , Umeta Belachew , Tilahun Gizachew 
Published: October 2022

Background
Satisfaction with pharmacy services has many implications, including the degree of interaction with health care providers, the type and quality of service provided, and the extent to which needs and desires are met. This study aimed to identify the dimensions of pharmacy services and quantify client satisfaction with them.

Methods
A quantitative cross-sectional study was employed to guide this study. Data were entered into Epi Data, exported to SPSS 26.0, and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis to identify the underlying dimensions of pharmacy service. The study was conducted between 14th August 2020 and 28th December 2020. For standardization and comparison purposes, items loaded onto each dimension were computed and rescaled, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results. Stepwise linear regression was performed to quantify the contribution of each dimension to overall satisfaction and to identify determinant variables for overall satisfaction. A 95% CI, and a P-value of < 0.05 were used for the declaration of statistical significance.

Results
The mean overall satisfaction with pharmacy service was found to be (21.62±6.74)/30. There were eight dimensions of pharmacy service identified, and poor customer satisfaction was recorded for the premises and supply dimensions, with mean satisfaction of (12.08±8.49)/30 and (13.66±10.06)/30, respectively. The highest mean satisfaction was recorded with waiting time (24.24±6.54). Of the emergent dimensions, only four (supply, compassion and care, privacy, and premises) were predictors of overall satisfaction (P<0.05). The supply component was the strongest predictor of overall satisfaction, accounting for 20% of the variance in overall satisfaction. The number of prescribed and dispensed pharmaceuticals, marital status, and gender of participants also predicted overall satisfaction (P<0.05).

Conclusion
The survey uncovered eight underlying aspects of pharmacy services that influence client satisfaction. A significant gap was recorded with premises and supply chain-related components. These dimensions’ contributions to total satisfaction were substantial in terms of practical relevance. As a result, improving the availability of pharmaceuticals and the infrastructure surrounding pharmacy services may enhance consumer satisfaction considerably. Stakeholders must work on addressing supply related and premises difficulties to increase client satisfaction.
Maternal autonomy and associated factors in making decision to utilize health service for themselves and neonates in south Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Tesfaye Degefa Gomora , Efa Yohannes Tekalegn , Desta Fikreab , Gebeyehu Mulugeta Adugnew , Abdella Sana’a Kedir 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe definition of women’s autonomy used in the study is control over finances, decision–making power, and the extent of freedom of movement by women. Lower autonomy of women affects the socio-economic, emotional, fertility decision, contraceptive use, and sexual life of the women. Thus, this study aimed to assess maternal autonomy and associated factors in making a decision to utilize health services for themselves and neonates in south Ethiopia.MethodsCommunity-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from January 1 to March 2, 2021, in Shashamane town. Four hundred ten postpartum mothers were selected using a stratified random sampling technique and interviewed for the survey using questions composed of decision-making autonomy components (decision–making power, control over finances, and freedom of movement). The data were checked for consistency, coded, and entered using EpiData Manager (version 4.6.0.4) and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. Descriptive statistics, composite score analysis, and binary and multivariate logistic regression were done to capture the objectives.Result410 postpartum mothers were interviewed while the mean and standard deviation of the participants’ age was 26.96 ± 5.38. About 48.5% of mothers had high decision-making autonomy for their own and their neonates’ health service utilization. Being in monogamous marriage (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.74), and mode of delivery (Cesarean section) (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.18, 3.07) were significantly associated with having high maternal decision-making autonomy.ConclusionsMore than half of the study participants had low maternal decision-making autonomy for their own and their neonates’ health service utilization. Being in monogamous marriage, and mode of delivery (Cesarean section) were factors significantly associated with high maternal decision-making autonomy. Encouraging mothers to use facility delivery was recommended.
Depression among people with dyspepsia and H. pylori infection: A community based cross-sectional study in Ethiopia
Authors: Soboka Matiwos , Gudina Esayas Kebede , Gashaw Mulatu , Amare Hiwot , Berhane Melkamu , Desalegn Hailemichale , Tewolde Dagimawi , Jebena Mulusew Gerbababa , Ali Solomon , Wieser Andreas , Froeschl Guenter , Tesfaye Markos 
Published: October 2022

Background
Depression is the most common mental health problem, and frequently associated with physical illnesses. A link between depression, dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has previously been reported. However, there is limited data regarding the association between these conditions from sub-Saharan Africa where they are highly prevalent.

Objective
This study aimed at elucidating the potential associations between depression, dyspepsia and H. pylori infection in Ethiopia.

Methods
We conducted a community based cross-sectional study involving urban and rural residents aged 13 years or older in Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. A total of 871 participants were evaluated using a structured case reporting format for symptoms of dyspepsia and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. Additionally, participants were assessed for H. pylori infection using stool antigen and serology tests. A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the association between depression, dyspepsia and H. pylori infection after controlling for potential confounders.

Results
The prevalence of PHQ-9 scores indicative of probable case of depression among all participants was 10.9%. The prevalence of probable case of depression among patients who had at least one symptom of dyspepsia was 13.3% (X2 = 15.1 = p-value<0.001), while it was 11.9% (X2 = 1.23, p-value = 0.26) among patients who had H. pylori infection. Out of patients who took medications for their heartburn in the past 30 days, 14.9% (X2 = 3.6, p-value = 0.06) had probable case of depression. Dyspepsia symptoms such as epigastric discomfort (aOR = 2.59, 95%CI = 1.14, 5.87), postprandial fullness (aOR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.48, 5.51), nausea (aOR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.04, 2.82) excessive belching (aOR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.31, 0.92) were associated with probable case of depression. However, being H. pylori test positive, gender, and age were not associated with probable case of depression.

Conclusions
There was an increased prevalence of probable case of depression among patients who had dyspepsia symptoms and H. pylori infection. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine possible further determinants of association between symptoms of dyspepsia and probable case of depression.
Maternal body mass index in early pregnancy is associated with overweight and obesity in children up to 16 years of age
Authors: Önnestam Lisa , Vad Orsolya Haahr , Andersson Tobias , Jolesjö Åsa , Sandegård Jenny , Bengtsson Boström Kristina 
Published: October 2022

Aims
Childhood obesity is an increasing public health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between maternal body mass index in early pregnancy and body mass index in children up to the age of 16 years, and to estimate the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in a rural municipality in Sweden.

Methods
The study population comprised 312 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinics in Lidköping during the year 1999 and their 319 children. Data on body mass index from antenatal clinics, child health care centres and school health care were used in linear and multinomial logistic regressions adjusted for maternal age, smoking status, and parity.

Results
Overweight or obesity were found in 23.0% of 16-year-olds. The correlation between maternal and child body mass index at all studied ages was positive and significant. Body mass index in 16-year-old boys showed the strongest correlation with maternal body mass index (adjusted r-square = 0.31). The adjusted relative-risk ratio for 16-year old children to be classified as obese as compared to normal weight, per 1 unit increase in maternal body mass index was 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.29–1.65, p<0.001). Among adolescents with obesity, 37.6% had been overweight or obese at 4 years of age.

Conclusions
This study confirms the correlation between maternal and child body mass index and that obesity can be established early in childhood. Further, we showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children, especially in boys, in a Swedish rural municipality. This suggests a need for early intervention in the preventive work of childhood obesity, preferably starting at the antenatal clinic and in child health care centres.
Risk of retinal detachment and exposure to fluoroquinolones, common antibiotics, and febrile illness using a self-controlled case series study design: Retrospective analyses of three large healthcare databases in the US
Authors: Londhe Ajit A. , Holy Chantal E. , Weaver James , Fonseca Sergio , Villasis-Keever Angelina , Fife Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Objective
The risk of retinal detachment (RD) following exposure to fluoroquinolone (FQ) has been assessed in multiple studies, however, results have been mixed. This study was designed to estimate the risk of RD following exposure to FQ, other common antibiotics, and febrile illness not treated with antibiotics (FINTA) using a self-controlled case series (SCCS) study design to reduce risk of confounding from unreported patient characteristics.

Design
Retrospective database analysis–SCCS.

Setting
Primary and Secondary Care.

Study population
40,981 patients across 3 US claims databases (IBM® MarketScan® commercial and Medicare databases, Optum Clinformatics).

Outcome
RD.

Methods
Exposures included FQ as a class of drugs, amoxicillin, azithromycin, trimethoprim with and without sulfamethoxazole, and FINTA. For the primary analysis, all drug formulations were included. For the post hoc sensitivity analyses, only oral tablets were included. Risk windows were defined as exposure period (or FINTA duration) plus 30 days. Patients of all ages with RD and exposures in 3 US claims databases between 2012 to 2017 were included. Diagnostics included p value calibration and pre-exposure outcome analyses. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) comparing risk window time with other time were calculated.

Results
Our primary analysis showed an increased risk for RD in the 30 days prior to exposure to FQ or trimethoprim without sulfamethoxazole. This risk decreased but remained elevated for 30 days following first exposure. Our post-hoc analysis, which excluded ophthalmic drops, showed no increased risk for RD at any time, with FQ and other antibiotics.

Conclusion
Our results did not suggest an association between FQ and RD. Oral FQ was not associated with an increased risk for RD during the pre- or post-exposure period.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03479736-March 21, 2018.
Existence of positive ground state solutions of critical nonlinear
Klein–Gordon–Maxwell systems
Authors: Xu Liping , Chen Haibo 
Published: October 2022

In this paper we study the following nonlinear Klein–Gordon–Maxwell
system

{

−

Δ

u
+
[

m
0
2

−

(
ω

+
φ

)
2

]
u
=
f
(
u
)

in

R

3

,

Δ

φ

=
(
ω

+
φ

)
u

in

R

3

,

where
0
<
ω

<

m
0

. Based on an abstract critical
point theorem established by Jeanjean, the existence of positive ground
state solutions is proved, when the nonlinear term
f
(
u
)
exhibits linear
near zero and a general critical growth near infinity. Compared with other
recent literature, some different arguments have been introduced and some
results are extended.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in surfactant protein A1 are not associated with a lack of responsiveness to antenatal steroid therapy in a pregnant sheep model
Authors: Takahashi Tsukasa , Takahashi Yuki , Fee Erin L. , Usuda Haruo , Furfaro Lucy , Newnham John P. , Jobe Alan H. , Kemp Matthew W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTreatment with antenatal steroids (ANS) is standard practice for reducing the risk of respiratory distress in the preterm infant. Despite clear overall benefits when appropriately administered, many fetuses fail to derive benefit from ANS therapies. In standardized experiments using a pregnant sheep model, we have demonstrated that around 40% of ANS‐exposed lambs did not have functional lung maturation significantly different from that of saline‐treated controls. Surfactant protein A is known to play an important role in lung function. In this genotyping study, we investigated the potential correlation between polymorphisms in SFTPA1, messenger RNA and protein levels, and ventilation outcomes in animals treated with ANS. 45 preterm lambs were delivered 48 h after initial ANS therapy and 44 lambs were delivered 8 days after initial ANS therapy. The lambs were ventilated for 30 min after delivery. SFTPA1 mRNA expression in lung tissue was not correlated with arterial blood PaCO2 values at 30 min of ventilation in lambs delivered 48 h after treatment. SFTPA1 protein in lung tissue was significantly correlated with PaCO2 at 30 min of ventilation in lambs ventilated both 48 h and 8 days after ANS treatment. Six different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Ovis aries SFTPA1 sequence were detected by Sanger Sequencing. No individual SNPs or SNP haplotypes correlated with alterations in PaCO2 at 30 min of ventilation or SFTPA1 protein levels in the lung. For the subset of animals analyzed in the present study, variable lung maturation responses to ANS therapy were not associated with mutations in SFTPA1.
Entire and meromorphic solutions for systems of the differential difference equations
Authors: Xu Hong Yan , Li Hong , Ding Xin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the help of the Nevanlinna theory of meromorphic functions, the purpose of this article is to describe the existence and the forms of transcendental entire and meromorphic solutions for several systems of the quadratic trinomial functional equations:

f

(

z

)

2

+
2
α
f

(

z

)

g

(

z
+
c

)

+
g

(

z
+
c

)

2

=
1
,

g

(

z

)

2

+
2
α
g

(

z

)

f

(

z
+
c

)

+
f

(

z
+
c

)

2

=
1
,

\left\{\begin{array}{l}f{\left(z)}^{2}+2\alpha f\left(z)g\left(z+c)+g{\left(z+c)}^{2}=1,\\ g{\left(z)}^{2}+2\alpha g\left(z)f\left(z+c)+f{\left(z+c)}^{2}=1,\end{array}\right.

f

(

z
+
c

)

2

+
2
α
f

(

z
+
c

)

g
′

(

z

)

+
g
′

(

z

)

2

=
1
,

g

(

z
+
c

)

2

+
2
α
g

(

z
+
c

)

f
′

(

z

)

+
f
′

(

z

)

2

=
1
,

\left\{\begin{array}{l}f{\left(z+c)}^{2}+2\alpha f\left(z+c)g^{\prime} \left(z)+g^{\prime} {\left(z)}^{2}=1,\\ g{\left(z+c)}^{2}+2\alpha g\left(z+c)f^{\prime} \left(z)+f^{\prime} {\left(z)}^{2}=1,\end{array}\right.

and

f

(

z
+
c

)

2

+
2
α
f

(

z
+
c

)

g

″

(

z

)

+

g

″

(

z

)

2

=
1
,

g

(

z
+
c

)

2

+
2
α
g

(

z
+
c

)

f

″

(

z

)

+

f

″

(

z

)

2

=
1
.

\left\{\begin{array}{l}f{\left(z+c)}^{2}+2\alpha f\left(z+c){g}^{^{\prime\prime} }\left(z)+{g}^{^{\prime\prime} }{\left(z)}^{2}=1,\\ g{\left(z+c)}^{2}+2\alpha g\left(z+c){f}^{^{\prime\prime} }\left(z)+{f}^{^{\prime\prime} }{\left(z)}^{2}=1.\end{array}\right.

We obtain a series of results on the forms of the entire solutions with finite order for such systems, which are some improvements and generalizations of the previous theorems given by Gao et al. Moreover, we provide some examples to explain the existence and forms of solutions for such systems in each case.
Evaluation the performance of the tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) in the removal of sulfur compounds via oxidative-extractive desulfurization process for production an eco-friendly fuel
Authors: Humadi Jasim I. , Issa Yousif S. , Aqar Dhia Y. , Ahmed Mustafa A. , Ali Alak Hassan H. , Mujtaba Iqbal M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Catalysts play a vital role in petroleum and chemical reactions. Intensified concerns for cleaner air with strict environmental regulations on sulfur content in addition to meet economic requirements have generated significant interests for the development of more efficient and innovative oxidative catalysts recently. In this study, a novel homemade nano catalyst (manganese oxide (MnO2) over tin (IV) oxide (SnO2)) was used for the first time as an effective catalyst in removing dibenzothiophene (DBT) from kerosene fuel using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant in catalytic oxidative-extractive desulfurization process (OEDS). The catalyst was prepared by impregnation method with various amount of MnO2 loaded on SnO2. The oxidation step was carried out at different operating parameters such as reaction temperature and reaction time in batch reactor. The extractive desulfurization step was performed by using acetonitrile as solvent under several operating conditions (agitation speed and mixing time). The activity of MnO2/SnO2 catalyst in removing various sulfur compounds from kerosene fuel at the best operating conditions was investigated in this work. The results of the catalyst characterization proved that a high dispersion of MnO2 over the SnO2 was obtained. The experiments showed that the highest DBT and various sulfur compounds removal efficiency from kerosene fuel under the best operating conditions (oxidation: 5% MnO2/SnO2, reaction temperature of 75 °C, and reaction time of 100 min, extraction: acetonitrile, agitation speed of 900 rpm, and mixing time of 30 min) via the catalytic oxidative-extractive desulfurization process was 92.4 and 91.2%, respectively. Also, the MnO2/SnO2 catalyst activity was studied after six consecutive oxidation cycles at the best operating conditions, and the catalyst prove satisfactory stability in terms of sulfur compounds removal. After that, the spent catalyst were regenerated by utilizing different solvents (methanol, ethanol and iso-octane), and the experimental data explained that iso-octane achieved highest regeneration efficiency.
Controllability discussion for fractional stochastic Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential systems of order 1 < r < 2
Authors: Dineshkumar Chendrayan , Vijayakumar Velusamy , Udhayakumar Ramalingam , Shukla Anurag , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The main motivation of our conversation is the existence and approximate controllability for fractional stochastic Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential systems having order 1 < r < 2. The primary outcomes are obtained by applying concepts and ideas from fractional calculus, multivalued maps, the theory of cosine family, Martelli and Dhage, and Leray–Schauder fixed point techniques. We begin by emphasizing the existence, and then demonstrate the approximate controllability of the considered system. Additionally, we determine the approximate controllability outcomes for the system with infinite delay. At last, an application is established for drawing the theoretical conclusions of primary outcomes.
Innovative histological and histochemical characterization of tongue biopsies from patients with burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Zubiate Illarramendi Imanol , Martinez-Sahuquillo Angel , Monsalve Iglesias Fernando , Sanchez Lopez Jose Dario 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The present pilot study aims to perform an innovative histological and histochemical characterization of samples from patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) to correlate these findings with the clinical scenario.

Methods
To carry out this objective, the study samples were stained with the hematoxylin-eosin stain and later, an histochemical study was carried out to determine the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) using the stains of Alcian Blue, Picrosirius, Reticulin from Gomori and Verhoeff

Results
The results of this study revealed histological patterns compatible with cellular hypertrophy in different layers of the epithelium as well as a greater keratinization in BMS cases. On the other hand, a lower amount of proteoglycans and a greater amount of collagen fibers were observed compared to the control. In addition, older patients had fewer reticular fibers and younger patients had fewer elastic fibers compared to the control.

Conclusions
In conclusion, the present study shows the existence of a correlation between the histological patterns, age and symptoms of patients with BMS. Therefore, it is necessary to develop synergistic studies in order to assess and implement new classification systems that could improve the therapeutic approach of patients with BMS.