bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lab-scale Preparation of Recombinant Human Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in Escherichia coli and its Potential Safety on Normal Human Lung Cell Line
Authors: Mohamed Omnia A. , Samir Safia , Omar Hanan , Hassan Ekrami A. , Abdelazeem Eman 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is structurally similar to insulin
and acts as an endocrine hormone secreted by the liver.

Objective:
Production of recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) in Escherichia coli (E.coli)
and evaluation of its proliferation stimulatory activity.

Methods:
hIGF-1 gene cloned into pBSK (+) simple vector was transformed into TOP 10
chemically competent cells of E. coli. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was achieved using
specific hIGF-1 gene primers to confirm the successful transformation. To express the
rhIGF-1 in E. coli (Rosetta (DE3) pLysS); the hIGF-1 gene was cloned into the pET-15b
expression vector and then the recombinant pET-15b/IGF-1 vector was transformed into a
chemically prepared competent expression bacterial cells; Rosetta (DE3) pLysS. The
rhIGF-1 was expressed as insoluble aggregates called inclusion bodies (IBs) using a 2 mM
Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) inducer. IBs were solubilized in a denatured
form using 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride (GdmCl), followed by in vitro protein refolding
using the rapid dilution method. The refolded hIGF-1 was purified using the HiTrap-
ANX anion exchange column. Western blot and ELISA using rabbit polyvalent anti-hIGF-
1 were performed to confirm the protein antigenic identity. Cell proliferation activity of
rhIGF-1 was testified on normal human lung cell line (WI-38).

Results:
rhIGF-1 was purified from the HiTrap-ANX column at a concentration of 300
μg/ml. Western blot showed a single 7.6 kDa band obtained in the induced Rosetta (DE3)
pLYsS. ELISA confirmed the molecular identity of the rhIGF-1 epitope, the concentration
of purified rhIGF-1 obtained from the ELISA standard curve using rhIGF-1 reference protein
as a standard was 300 μg/ml, and activity on WI-38 cells was 2604.17I U/mg.

Conclusion:
Biologically active native rhIGF-1 protein was successfully expressed.
Assessment of Radiation Exposure Dose for Nuclear Medicine Workers
from 18F-FDG, 99mTc MDP, and 99mTc
Authors: Saleh Emran Eisa , Al-esaei Abdulrahman M. , Khalil Magdy M. , El Shazly Raed M. , Kany Amr M.I. , Elmaghraby Sharif 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Nuclear medicine or diagnostic radiology personnel are always exposed to low-level radiation from radionuclides used in medical diagnostics, which lead to potential biological hazards or effects.

Objective:
External exposure for workers in two nuclear medicine centers was measured by recruiting 120 patients.

Methods:
Three nuclear medicine examinations were performed using F18-FDG PET/CT, 99mTc-MDP bones scan, and 99mTc thyroid scan by a digital radiation dosimeter.

Results:
The average received accumulative radiation dose for workers was found to be 0.838±0.17, 0.527±0.11, and 0.270±0.05 μSv for F18-FDG PET/CT, 99mTc-MDP bones scan, and 99mTc thyroid scan, respectively. The annual effective dose for workers was estimated to be 2.09±0.42, 1.34±0.27, and 0.68±0.14 mSv, respectively. Moreover, the average patient-to-staff dose coefficients were found to be 0.024±0.005, 0.003±0.001, and 0.007±0.002 μSv m2/MBq h for F18-FDG PET/CT, 99mTc-MDP bones scan, and 99mTc thyroid scan, respectively.

Conclusion:
It is clear from the results that the radiation doses received by workers during the nuclear medicine imaging examinations were less than the doses recommended by the International Commis-sion on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for such examinations.
Enteric-Coated Polymers Past and Present - A Review
Authors: Loh Yi Ying , Enose Arno Appavoo , Garg Vandana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Tablet coating has evolved over the years, and today, there are various types of coating for the delayed release of a drug. Drugs can be enteric-coated to provide delayed release, protect the active pharmaceutical ingredients, minimize undesirable effects, and modify the pharmacokinetic properties of a drug, which will have clinical impacts. Certain types of drugs need to be enteric-coated for various reasons, such as gastric irritants or acid-liable drugs. This article will review ethylcellulose and polymethacrylate, their role in an enteric coating, and their process coating pa-rameters. Ethylcellulose can provide a short delayed release; it can be modified by adding pH-dependent polymers such as sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate for a long delayed release. On the other hand, polymethacrylate can also be employed to enteric coat drugs without additional polymers. Polymethacrylate, such as Eudragit®, comes in different grades with varying proportions of polymer ratio, allowing for targeted delayed drug release. These will impact which polymer to be employed. Upon choosing the coating material, modeling can also pre-dict in vitro and in vivo correlation as enteric-coated products can have unpredictable in vivo phar-macokinetic profiles. Today, the trend is moving away from the traditional coating, and towards new polymers, and with digitalization, there is a focus to start using data from laboratory experi-ments to be integrated with computational modeling, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to accurately predict key process parameters and film properties for high-quality products.
Frailty Factors and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Duanyang , Yin Pengbin , Li Yi , Chen Ming , Cui Xiang , Cheng Shi , Lin Yuan , Yan Jinglong , Zhang Licheng , Tang Peifu 
Published: April 2022

Background
Frailty is an aggregate expression of susceptibility to adverse health outcomes because of age- and disease-related deficits that accumulate across multiple domains. Previous studies have found the presence of preoperative frailty is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. The number of older adults undergoing orthopedic surgery is rapidly increasing. However, there has been no evidence-based study on the relationship between frailty and outcomes in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.

Objective
The aims of this study are to investigate the association between frailty and outcomes in patients who underwent orthopedic surgery as well as patient factors associated with frailty.

Methods
The methods to be used for this systematic review are reported according to the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols) 2015 checklist. An extensive search will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and other mainstream databases. Any study where patients undergoing orthopedic surgery were assessed using a defined or validated measure of frailty and the association of frailty with patient factors and/or outcomes was reported will be included. A total of 2 researchers will independently screen articles for inclusion, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. We will perform a narrative synthesis of the factors associated with frailty, prevalence of frailty, effect of frailty on patient outcomes, and interventions for patients who are frail. A meta-analysis focusing on individual factors associated with frailty and the effect of frailty on patient outcomes will be performed, if applicable. The risk of bias will be evaluated. A subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be performed.

Results
Literature searches were conducted in September 2021 and the review is anticipated to be completed by the end of July 2022.

Conclusions
This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide an overview of frailty and investigate the relationship between frailty and patient outcomes as well as the relationship between patient factors and frailty in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. This study could potentially increase patients’ awareness of the outcomes associated with frailty, compel clinical specialties to further acknowledge the concept of frailty, and enhance the development of assessment instruments and tools for frailty.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42020181846; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=181846

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/28338
Feasibility of Mobile Health and Social Media–Based Interventions for Young Adults With Early Psychosis and Clinical Risk for Psychosis: Survey Study
Authors: Franco Olivia H , Calkins Monica E , Giorgi Salvatore , Ungar Lyle H , Gur Raquel E , Kohler Christian G , Tang Sunny X 
Published: April 2022

Background
Digital technology, the internet, and social media are increasingly investigated as promising means for monitoring symptoms and delivering mental health treatment. These apps and interventions have demonstrated preliminary acceptability and feasibility, but previous reports suggest that access to technology may still be limited among individuals with psychotic disorders relative to the general population.

Objective
We evaluated and compared access to and use of technology and social media in young adults with psychotic disorders (PD), young adults with clinical risk for psychosis (CR), and psychosis-free youths (PF).

Methods
Participants were recruited through a coordinated specialty care clinic dedicated toward early psychosis as well as ongoing studies. We surveyed 21 PD, 23 CR, and 15 PF participants regarding access to technology and use of social media, specifically Facebook and Twitter. Statistical analyses were conducted in R. Categorical variables were compared among groups using Fisher exact test, continuous variables were compared using 1-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate for covariates.

Results
Access to technology and social media were similar among PD, CR, and PF participants. Individuals with PD, but not CR, were less likely to post at a weekly or higher frequency compared to PF individuals. We found that decreased active social media posting was unique to psychotic disorders and did not occur with other psychiatric diagnoses or demographic variables. Additionally, variation in age, sex, and White versus non-White race did not affect posting frequency.

Conclusions
For young people with psychosis spectrum disorders, there appears to be no “technology gap” limiting the implementation of digital and mobile health interventions. Active posting to social media was reduced for individuals with psychosis, which may be related to negative symptoms or impairment in social functioning.
Russian Arabic Studies
Authors: Vasiliev A. M. , Zelenev E. I. , Isaev V. A. , Kirabayev N. S. , Kudelin A. B. 
Published: April 2022

The article provides an overview of the areas of Russian Arabic Studies except linguistics. Since Eastern regional studies are inconceivable without knowledge of the language and culture of the regions under study, the analysis of studies in the modern Arab world is preceded by a review of key works that explained the specifics of the literature and philosophy of the Arab world. Thus, the first section examines key figures in the study of classical and modern literature of the Arab countries, the medieval history of this region. The second section is devoted to the philosophyof the Arab East. The largest third section is focused on the study of economic, social, and political processes in Arab countries in the XX century. It is indicated that Russian scientists, despite the forced domination of Marxist-Leninist dogmas in the social sciences, managed to create numerous scientific works that are among the distinguished Arabic Studies worldwide. The final section contains an analysis of contemporary studies of the Arab world in Russia. The article highlights key achievements of the scientific schools of Russian Arabic Studies providing information on more than two hundred monographs.
Sleep patterns, fatigue, and working hours among veterinary house officers: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Scharf Valery F. , McPhetridge Jourdan B. , Dickson Rachel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To describe the sleep patterns, working hours, and perceptions of fatigue among veterinary house officers and to identify potential areas for targeted intervention to improve well-being.

SAMPLE
303 house officers.

PROCEDURES
A 62-item questionnaire was generated by use of an online platform and sent to veterinary house officers at participating institutions via email. Responses were analyzed for trends and associations between variables of interest.

RESULTS
The mean age of respondents was 30 ± 3.7 years. Participants included 239 residents and 64 interns. House officers slept significantly less during times when they had clinical responsibilities compared to off-clinic time (6.0 hours vs 7.5 hours, respectively; P < 0.01). The majority of house officers reported working 11 to 13 hours on a typical weekday (58% [174/302]), and 32% reported clinical responsibilities 7 d/wk. Working hours were negatively related to sleep quantity (Pearson correlation coefficient, −0.54; P < 0.01), and perceived sleep quality was worse when on call (P < 0.01). The majority of house officers felt that fatigue negatively interfered with their technical skills, clinical judgment, and ability to empathize to some extent in the previous 4 weeks.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Most house officers fail to obtain sufficient sleep for optimal cognitive function and physical and mental health. Working hours and on call may be important factors contributing to the sleep patterns of veterinary house officers, and training program structure should be critically evaluated to promote protected time for sleep.
Dorsally placed commercially available subpalpebral lavage systems have low complication rates in horses
Authors: Stewart Ruth M. , Lack Amy C. , Telle Mary R. , Ellis Jerald K. , Betbeze Caroline M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To retrospectively evaluate the complication rate following dorsal placement of a commercially available 1-hole subpalpebral lavage system (SPL) at a veterinary teaching hospital.

ANIMALS
102 client-owned horses with ophthalmic disease.

PROCEDURES
Medical records of horses (2010 to 2020) with ophthalmic disease were reviewed to determine whether a commercially available SPL system was dorsally placed. Data collected from the medical record included signalment, presenting complaint(s), diagnosis, ophthalmic procedures performed, SPL laterality, hospital service that placed the SPL, anesthetic technique for placement (general anesthesia or sedation with local nerve blocks), duration of SPL management while hospitalized or at home, type of enclosure for the horse, use of eye protection, duration of time the SPL was in place, location of SPL management (home vs hospital), types and numbers of medications administered, recorded complications, and outcome of the globe. Complications experienced during treatment were categorized as either ocular or nonocular. The χ2 test for independence test and Fisher exact test were performed to examine the relationship between the department that placed the SPL, method of anesthesia, antimicrobial administration, type of facial protection used, and complication type and rate.

RESULTS
Overall complication rate for SPL systems was 29.1% (37/127), with 21.2% (27/127) being ocular complications and 7.9% (10/127) being nonocular complications. SPL complication rate was not affected by any variable that was examined.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Commercially available SPL systems placed dorsally have a low ocular complication rate. These SPL systems may be placed by veterinarians with varied training backgrounds and managed at home without significantly increasing complication rate.
Veterinary professionals’ weight-related communication when discussing an overweight or obese pet with a client
Authors: Sutherland Katja A. , Coe Jason B. , Janke Natasha , O’Sullivan Terri L. , Parr Jacqueline M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Pet weight may be difficult for veterinary professionals to address with clients, particularly when pets are overweight or obese. The objective of this study was to characterize the communication processes and content of weight-related conversations occurring between veterinary professionals and clients.

SAMPLE
Audio-video recordings of 917 veterinarian-client-patient interactions involving a random sample of 60 veterinarians and a convenience sample of clients.

PROCEDURES
Companion animal veterinarians in southern Ontario, Canada, were randomly recruited, and interactions with their clients were audio-video recorded. Interactions were reviewed for mentions of weight, then further analyzed by means of a researcher-generated coding framework to provide a comprehensive assessment of communication specific to weight-related interactions.

RESULTS
463 of 917 (50.5%) veterinary-client-patient interactions contained an exchange involving the mention of a single patient’s (dog or cat) weight and were included in final analysis. Of the 463 interactions, 150 (32.4%) involved a discussion of obesity for a single patient. Of these, 43.3% (65/150) included a weight management recommendation from the veterinary team, and 28% (42/150) provided clients with a reason for pursuing weight management.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Findings illustrate opportunities to optimize obesity communication to improve the health and wellbeing of veterinary patients.
The phenotype of aging in the dog: how aging impacts the health and well-being of dogs and their caregivers
Authors: McKenzie Brennen A. , Chen Frances , LaCroix-Fralish Michael L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aging is the single most important cause of disease, disability, and death in adult dogs. Contrary to the common view of aging as a mysterious and inevitable natural event, it is more usefully understood as a set of complex but comprehensible biological processes that are highly conserved across species. Although the phenotypic expression of these processes is variable, there are consistent patterns both within and between species.
The purpose of this feature is to describe the patterns currently recognized in the physical and behavioral manifestations of aging in the dog and how these impact the health and welfare of companion dogs and their human caregivers. Important gaps in our knowledge of the canine aging phenotype will be identified, and current research efforts to better characterize aging in the dog will be discussed. This will help set the context for future efforts to develop clinical assessments and treatments to mitigate the negative impact of aging on dogs and humans.
Design and implementation of a safety algorithm on V2V routing protocol
Authors: Gadalla Ahmed Yasser , Mohammed Yehia Sayed , Galal Ahmed I. , El-Zorkany Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications have been widely employed to ameliorate a variety of transportation-related issues in cities, the most significant of which being traffic congestion. The inefficient utilization of resources in vehicle infrastructure is frequently the source of a great deal of traffic congestion. Furthermore, due to its high dynamic nature, incorporating traffic congestion into vehicular traffic decision-making is difficult. In this paper, V2V communications will be implemented as an intelligent transportation systems (ITS) safety mechanism solution to solve these traffic congestion problems. The proposed mechanism is applied over integration between AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) as one of the best topology-based routing protocols with one of geographic-based routing protocols to overcome OADV limitations. As AODV floods the network with control messages to find a path to the target, and the network is going to host a high volume of control packets. So the proposed method will use Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates to search the region where a path to the target is likely to be found. As this paper describes the efforts to create a hybrid model that combines a typical reactive routing protocol with a geographic one, there will be two steps to identify the proposed ITS network. In first Phase: Choose the most functioning Geographic routing protocol on the V2V simulation environment. In the second Phase: Integrate this suggested Geographic routing protocol with ADOV protocol to implement ITS architectures. The RIVERBED modulator and NS2 simulator will be utilized to choose the best routing protocol. Based on the paper’s key performance indicators simulation results, Distance-Vector-Based Recovery-Strategy (PBR-DV) geographic routing protocol is selected to integrate with AODV routing protocol. Comparing the proposed method with the independent use of AODV, it demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in overcoming all the problems related to resource scarcity and geographical obstacles.
Spontaneous chronic subdural hematoma associated with arachnoid cyst in a child: A case report and critical review of the literature
Authors: Sayer Faisal T. , Alanezi Abdulrahman Khalaf , Zaidan Salem Nabil 
Published: April 2022

Background:Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are benign, congenital, fluid-filled collection between two layers of the arachnoid membrane accounting for about 1% of all the intracranial space occupying lesions. These lesions are usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography scan imaging (CT). However, these lesions can present as spontaneous chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) causing neurological deficits that require neurosurgical intervention.Case Description:We report a case of CSDH associated with AC in a 14-year-old Kuwaiti boy who presented with a 2 weeks history of headache, which was worsening over the time. Brain CT scan demonstrated a left frontotemporal large CSDH in contact with an underlying temporal AC that appeared isodense to the CSF. The patient underwent an emergency surgery to evacuate the CSDH through a burr hole, while the AC was left intact. During the postoperative period, the patient showed good recovery in terms of neurological symptoms. Follow-up MRI showed stable size of the AC with no recurrence of the CSDH.Conclusion:Literature’s review was done to determine the best surgical approach in treating spontaneous CSDH associated with AC. Burr hole evacuation of CSDH with irrigation only, leaving the AC intact, is a successful surgical approach for treatment and was associated with good outcome.
Blast-related traumatic brain injury: Report of a severe case and review of the literature
Authors: Colamaria Antonio , Blagia Maria , Carbone Francesco , Fochi Nicola Pio 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a well-known brain dysfunction commonly encountered in activities such as military combat or collision sports. The etiopathology can vary depending on the context and bomb explosions are becoming increasingly common in war zones, urban terrorist attacks, and civilian criminal feuds. Blast-related TBI may cause the full severity range of neurotrauma, from a mild concussion to severe, penetrating injury. Recent classifications of the pathophysiological mechanisms comprise five factors that reflect the gravity of the experienced trauma and suggest to the clinician different pathways of injury and consequent pathology caused by the explosion.

Case Description:
In the present report, the authors describe a case of 26 years old presenting with blast-related severe TBI caused by the detonation of an explosive in an amusement arcade. Surgical decompression to control intracranial pressure and systemic antibiotic treatment to manage and prevent wound infections were the main options available in a civilian hospital.

Conclusion:
While numerous studies examined the burden of blast-related brain injuries on service members, few papers have tackled this problem in a civilian setting, where hospitals are not sufficiently equipped, and physicians lack the necessary training. The present case demonstrates the urgent need for evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic protocols in civilian hospitals that would improve the outcome of such patients.