bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glutamatergic pedunculopontine tegmental neurons control wakefulness and locomotion via distinct axonal projections
Authors: Kroeger Daniel , Thundercliffe Jack , Phung Alex , De Luca Roberto , Geraci Carolyn , Bragg Samuel , McCafferty Kayleen J , Bandaru Sathyajit S , Arrigoni Elda , Scammell Thomas E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
The pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT) nucleus is implicated in many brain functions, ranging from sleep/wake control and locomotion, to reward mechanisms and learning. The PPT contains cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons with extensive ascending and descending axonal projections. Glutamatergic PPT (PPTvGlut2) neurons are thought to promote wakefulness, but the mechanisms through which this occurs are unknown. In addition, some researchers propose that PPTvGlut2 neurons promote locomotion, yet even though the PPT is a target for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease, the role of the PPT in locomotion is debated. We hypothesized that PPTvGluT2 neurons drive arousal and specific waking behaviors via certain projections and modulate locomotion via others.

Methods
We mapped the axonal projections of PPTvGlut2 neurons using conditional anterograde tracing and then photostimulated PPTvGlut2 soma or their axon terminal fields across sleep/wake states and analyzed sleep/wake behavior, muscle activity, and locomotion in transgenic mice.

Results
We found that stimulation of PPTvGlut2 soma and their axon terminals rapidly triggered arousals from non-rapid eye movement sleep, especially with activation of terminals in the basal forebrain (BF) and lateral hypothalamus (LH). With photoactivation of PPTvGlut2 terminals in the BF and LH, this wakefulness was accompanied by locomotion and other active behaviors, but stimulation of PPTvGlut2 soma and terminals in the substantia nigra triggered only quiet wakefulness without locomotion.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate the importance of the PPTvGluT2 neurons in driving various aspects of arousal and show that heterogeneous brain nuclei, such as the PPT, can promote a variety of behaviors via distinct axonal projections.
Comprehensive Review of the Vascular Niche in Regulating Organ Regeneration and Fibrosis
Authors: Chen Yutian , Ding Bi-Sen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The vasculature occupies a large area of the body, and none of the physiological activities can be carried out without blood vessels. Blood vessels are not just passive conduits and barriers for delivering blood and nutrients. Meanwhile, endothelial cells covering the vascular lumen establish vascular niches by deploying some growth factors, known as angiocrine factors, and actively participate in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes, such as organ regeneration and fibrosis and the occurrence and development of cancer. After organ injury, vascular endothelial cells regulate the repair process by secreting various angiocrine factors, triggering the proliferation and differentiation process of stem cells. Therefore, analyzing the vascular niche and exploring the factors that maintain vascular homeostasis can provide strong theoretical support for clinical treatment targeting blood vessels. Here we mainly discuss the regulatory mechanisms of the vascular niche in organ regeneration and fibrosis.
Transferring With TACT
Authors: Armstrong Alexandra , Engstrand Shannon , Kunz Sarah , Cole Alexandra , Schenkel Sara , Kucharski Keri , Toole Cheryl , DeGrazia Michele 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Neonatal patients who no longer require level IV neonatal intensive care unit care are transferred to less acute levels of care. Standardized assessment tools have been shown to be beneficial in the transfer of patient care. However, no standardized tools were available to assist neonatal providers in the assessment and communication of the infants needs at transfer.

Purpose:
The purpose was to develop a Transfer Assessment and Communication Tool (TACT) that guides provider decision making in the transfer of infants from a level IV neonatal intensive care unit to a less acute level of care within a regionalized healthcare system.

Methods:
Phase 1 included developing the first draft of the TACT using retrospective data, known variables from published literature, and study team expertise. In phase 2, the final draft of the TACT was created through feedback from expert neonatal providers in the regionalized care system using e-Delphi methodology.

Results:
The first draft of the TACT, developed in phase 1, included 36 characteristics. In phase 2, nurses, nurse practitioners, and physician experts representing all levels of newborn care participated in 4 e-Delphi surveys to develop the final draft of the TACT, which included 74 weighted characteristics.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Potential benefits of the TACT include improved communication across healthcare teams, reduced risk for readmission, and increased caregiver visitation. The next steps are to validate the TACT for use either retrospectively or in real time, including characteristic weights, before implementation of this tool in the clinical setting.
Be Sweet to Babies
Authors: Bujalka Helena , Cruz Melinda , Ingate Vivien , Cheong Jeanie , Duffy Natalie , Eeles Abbey , Spence Kaye , Spittle Alicia , Sweet Linda , Saracino Amy Tagliante , Harrison Denise 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Evidence for analgesic effects of parent-led pain management strategies during painful procedures in newborn infants exists; however, such strategies are inconsistently used in practice. A publicly available parent-targeted video demonstrates breastfeeding, skin-to-skin care, and sucrose during painful procedures. Australian parents' use and knowledge of this video and these strategies was unknown.

Purpose:
To determine parents' use of pain management strategies, and perceived acceptability and usefulness of the parent-targeted video.

Methods:
A cross-sectional, online, anonymous survey with embedded video. Participants were recruited via social media channels of the Miracle Babies Foundation, an Australian parent support network. Target participants were parents or family members of infants currently or previously hospitalized in neonatal special and/or intensive care nurseries, or high dependency units.

Results:
A total of 162 of 189 respondents provided sufficient data for analysis; all identified as mothers. Only 6 (4%) had previously seen the video; however, nearly all rated it as potentially useful and helpful (n = 124, 82%). Although most reported that sucrose had been used (n = 112, 84%), fewer reported having used skin-to-skin care (n = 50, 37%), or breastfeeding (n = 33, 25%). Most intended to advocate for skin-to-skin care (n = 108, 88%) or breastfeeding (n = 100, 81%) in future procedures. Perceived barriers to utilizing strategies included lack of information-sharing and organizational practices that excluded parent involvement.

Implications for Practice and Research:
The video may be valuable in supporting mothers to advocate for their involvement during painful procedures in preterm and sick hospitalized infants. Further research is recommended to explore coordinated strategies targeting parents and healthcare professionals to overcome barriers to implementing parent-led infant pain management strategies.
Impact of diet on hydrogen sulfide production: implications for gut health
Authors: Teigen Levi , Biruete Annabel , Khoruts Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Excessive hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production by the gut microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple intestinal diseases, including colon cancer and ulcerative colitis. Therefore, understanding of dietary drivers of H2S production has potential implications for nutritional strategies to optimize gut health and treat intestinal diseases.

Recent findings
Recent studies support a positive relationship between dietary protein intake and H2S production. However, protein rarely exists in isolation in the diet, and dietary fiber intake could reduce H2S production in humans and animals, even with ∼30% of calories derived from protein.

Summary
These findings suggest that increased fiber intake may reduce H2S production irrespective of protein intake, enabling the ability to meet the metabolic demands of the illness while supporting gut health. Here we discuss two recent ulcerative colitis diet studies that illustrate this point.
Hyperspectral Imaging Allows Evaluation of Free Flaps in Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction
Authors: Thoenissen Philipp , Heselich Anja , Al-Maawi Sarah , Sader Robert , Ghanaati Shahram 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Treatment of extended defects after tumor resection in oral, maxillofacial, and facial surgery (craniomaxillofacial) is usually performed by free microvascular flaps. Evaluation of flap survival is crucial, especially in the first hours after insertion and connection. For flap evaluation various invasive and noninvasive methods have been developed. This retrospective clinical study examined the ability of a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) camera (Tivita, Diaspective Vision, Germany) to assess postoperative flap properties in comparison to established clinical parameters.

Materials and Methods:
Thirteen patients with tumor resection and free flap reconstruction were included for camera analysis and another 10 patients as control group. For this purpose, at defined time intervals and under standardized conditions, recordings of transplants 3 to 100 hours postoperatively were performed. Images were used to examine oxygenation (StO2%), tissue hemoglobin index, tissue water index, near infrared range perfusion index of free flaps quantitatively and qualitatively.

Results:
HSI provides values differing between patients observed with no intraindividual significant difference. After 24 hours a mean reduction of 16.77% for StO2%, 9.16% for tissue hemoglobin index and 8.46% was observed, going in line with no loss of flap was noted in the observation period.

Conclusion:
HSI is suitable as a noninvasive measure for the evaluation of free flaps in craniomaxillofacial surgery in case of stable imaging conditions with respect to light, surrounding and position of the camera. However, clinical measurements are still the method of choice.
A Predictive Model for Chronic Hydrocephalus After Clipping Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Feng , Cai Xian-Feng , Zhao Wei , Wang Yu-Hai , He Jian-Qing 
Published: September 2022

Chronic hydrocephalus after clipping aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) often results in poor outcomes. This study was to establish and validate model to predict chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression. The model was constructed from a retrospectively analyzed. Two hundred forty-eight patients of aSAH were analyzed retrospectively in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021, and the patients were divided into chronic hydrocephalus (CH) group (n=55) and non-CH group (n=193) according to whether occurred CH within 3 months. In summary, 16 candidate risk factors related to chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH were analyzed. Univariate analysis was performed to judging the risk factors for CH. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to filter risk factors. Subsequently, the nomogram was designed by the above variables. And area under the curve and calibration chart were used to detect the discrimination and goodness of fit of the nomogram, respectively. Finally, decision curve analysis was constructed to assess the practicability of the risk of chronic hydrocephalus by calculating the net benefits. Univariate analysis showed that age (60 y or older), aneurysm location, modified Fisher grade, Hunt-Hess grade, and the method for cerebrospinal fluid drainage, intracranial infections, and decompressive craniectomy were significantly related to CH (P<0.05). Whereas 5 variables [age (60 y or older), posterior aneurysm, modified Fisher grade, Hunt-Hess grade, decompression craniectomy] from 16 candidate factors were filtered by LASSO logistic regression for further research. Area under the curve of this model was 0.892 (95% confidence interval: 0.799–0.981), indicating a good discrimination ability. Meanwhile, the result of calibration indicated a good fitting between the prediction probability and the actual probability. Finally, decision curve analysis showed a good clinical efficacy. In summary, this model could conveniently predict the occurrence of chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH. Meanwhile, it could help physicians to develop personalized treatment and close follow-up for these patients.
Beyond Total Mesorectal Excision
Authors: Stelzner Sigmar , Heinze Tillmann , Heimke Marvin , Gockel Ines , Kittner Thomas , Brown Gina , Mees Sören T. , Wedel Thilo 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
Magnetic resonance imaging–based subdivision of the pelvis into 7 compartments has been proposed for pelvic exenteration. The aim of the present anatomical study was to describe the topographic anatomy of these compartments and define relevant landmarks and surgical dissection planes.

Background:
Pelvic anatomy as it relates to exenterative surgery is complex. Demonstration of the topographic peculiarities of the pelvis based on the operative situs is hindered by the inaccessibility of the small pelvis and the tumor bulk itself.

Materials and Methods:
Thirteen formalin-fixed pelvic specimens were meticulously dissected according to predefined pelvic compartments. Pelvic exenteration was simulated and illustrated in a stepwise manner. Different access routes were used for optimal demonstration of the regions of interest.

Results:
All the 7 compartments (peritoneal reflection, anterior above peritoneal reflection, anterior below peritoneal reflection, central, posterior, lateral, inferior) were investigated systematically. The topography of the pelvic fasciae and ligaments; vessels and nerves of the bladder, prostate, uterus, and vagina; the internal iliac artery and vein; the course of the ureter, somatic (obturator nerve, sacral plexus), and autonomic pelvic nerves (inferior hypogastric plexus); pelvic sidewall and floor, ischioanal fossa; and relevant structures for sacrectomy were demonstrated.

Conclusions:
A systematic approach to pelvic anatomy according to the 7 magnetic resonance imaging–defined compartments clearly revealed crucial anatomical landmarks and key structures facilitating pelvic exenterative surgery. Compartment-based pelvic anatomy proved to be a sound concept for beyond TME surgery and provides a basis for tailored resection procedures.
Trunk control in and out of an episode of recurrent low back pain during the Balance-Dexterity Task
Authors: Shih Hai-Jung Steffi , Ai Joyce , Abe Justin , Tang Jiaxi , Rowley K. Michael , Van Dillen Linda R. , Kulig Kornelia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigated motor control strategies utilized by individuals with recurrent low back pain (rLBP) during active pain and remission periods as well as by back-healthy controls using the Balance-Dexterity Task. Nineteen young adults with rLBP were tested first when they were in pain and then again in symptom remission, and 19 matched controls were also tested. Trunk kinematic coupling and muscle co-activation were examined while participants performed the task by standing on one leg while compressing a spring with a maximum consistent force with the other leg. We found a decreased bilateral external oblique co-activation and a further reduced trunk coupling during the spring condition of the task compared to in a stable block condition in people with rLBP compared to back-healthy individuals. When individuals were in active pain, they exhibited more co-activation than when they were in remission, but the co-activation was not greater than in back-healthy individuals.
Circulating Proteome for Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy
Authors: Moez Elham Khodayari , Brhane Yonathan , Warkentin Matthew , Lam Stephen , Field John K , Liu Geoffrey , Montuenga Luis M , Zulueta Javier J , Valencia Karmele , Mesa-Guzman Miguel , Atkar-Khattra Sukhinder , Davies Michael PA , Grant Benjamin , Nialet Andrea Pasquier , Amos Christopher I , Robbins Hilary A , Johansson Mattias , Hung Rayjean J 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile lung cancer low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening is being rolled out in many regions around the world, differentiation of indeterminate pulmonary nodules between malignant and benign remains to a challenge for screening programs. We conducted one of the first systematic investigations of circulating protein markers for their ability to assess the risk of malignancy for screen-detected pulmonary nodules.MethodsBased on four LDCT screening studies in the United States, Canada and Europe, we assayed 1078 unique protein markers in pre-diagnostic samples based on a nested case-control design with a total of 1253 participants. Protein markers were measured using proximity extension assays and the data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, random forest, and penalized regressions.ResultsWe identified 36 potentially informative markers differentiating malignant nodules from benign nodules. Pathway analysis revealed a tightly connected network based on the 36 protein-coding genes. We observed a differential mRNA expression profile of the corresponding 36 mRNAs between lung tumors and adjacent normal tissues using data from The Cancer Genomic Atlas. We prioritized a panel of 9 protein markers through 10-fold nested cross-validations. We observed that circulating protein markers can increase sensitivity to 0.80 for nodule malignancy compared to the Brock model (p-value<0.001). Two additional markers were identified that were specific for lung tumors diagnosed within one year. All 11 protein markers showed general consistency in improving prediction across the four LDCT studies.ConclusionsCirculating protein markers can help to differentiate between malignant and benign pulmonary nodules. Validating these results in an independent CT-screening study will be required prior to clinical implementation.
Thermal spread with Voyant 5 mm Fusion versus LigaSure 5 mm Blunt Tip Devices
Authors: Carmack Austin , Satchell Emma K. , Patel Apar S. , Bashiri Amir , Cagir Burt , Rizzo Anne 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe authors have withdrawn their manuscript while they perform additional experiments to confirm their findings. Therefore, the authors do not wish for this work to be cited. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Exploring the role of the outer subventricular zone during cortical folding through a physics-based model
Authors: Zarzor Mohammad Saeed , Blümcke Ingmar , Budday Silvia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe human brain has a highly complex structure both on the microscopic and macroscopic scales. Increasing evidence has emphasized the role of mechanical forces for cortical folding – a classical hallmark of the human brain. However, the link between cellular processes at the microscale and mechanical forces at the macroscale remains insufficiently understood. Recent findings suggest that an additional proliferating zone, the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ), is decisive for the particular size and complexity of the human cortex. To better understand how the OSVZ affects cortical folding, we establish a multifield computational model that couples cell proliferation and migration at the cell scale with growth and cortical folding at the organ scale by combining an advection-diffusion model with the theory of finite growth. We validate our model based on data from histologically stained sections of the human fetal brain. Finally, we address open questions regarding the role of the OSVZ for the formation of cortical folds. The presented framework not only improves our understanding of human brain development, but could eventually help diagnose and treat neuronal disorders arising from disruptions in cellular development and associated malformations of cortical development.
Epidemiology and risk factors for diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli carriage among children in northern Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Akinlabi Olabisi C. , Nwoko El-shama Q. , Dada Rotimi A. , Ekpo Stella , Omotuyi Adeola , Adepoju Akinlolu , Popoola Oluwafemi , Dougan Gordon , Thomson Nicholas R. , Okeke Iruka N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiarrhea is a leading cause of childhood morbidity in Africa. Outside of multi-country sentinels, of which there are none in Nigeria, few studies focus on bacterial etiology. We performed a case-control study among children under five years of age. Stool specimens were collected from 120 children with, and 357 without, diarrhea attending primary health clinics on the northern outskirts of Ibadan between November 2015 and August 2019. Up to ten E. coli isolates were obtained per specimen and at least three were whole genome-sequenced using Illumina technology. Genomes were assembled using SPAdes, quality evaluated using QUAST, and Virulencefinder was used to identify virulence genes. The microbiological quality of water from 14 wells within the study area was assessed using total and coliform counts. Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) were isolated from 79 (65.8%) of cases and 217 (60.8%) control children. All DEC pathotypes except Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, a number of hybrid DEC pathotypes, Salmonella and Yersina spp. were detected but no pathogen showed association with disease (p>0.05). Enterotoxigenic E. coli were more commonly recovered from younger controls but exclusively detected in cases aged over nine months. Temporally-linked, highly similar enteroaggregative E. coli were isolated from children in different households in eight instances. No well water sample drawn in the study qualified as potable. Children in northern Ibadan are commonly colonized with DEC. Access to water and sanitation, and vaccines targeting the most abundant pathogens may be critical for protecting children from the less overt consequences of enteric pathogen carriage.