bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trainable segmentation for transmission electron microscope images of inorganic nanoparticles
Authors: Bell Cameron G. , Treder Kevin P. , Kim Judy S. , Schuster Manfred E. , Kirkland Angus I. , Slater Thomas J. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a trainable segmentation method implemented within the python package ParticleSpy. The method takes user labelled pixels, which are used to train a classifier and segment images of inorganic nanoparticles from transmission electron microscope images. This implementation is based on the trainable Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) segmentation, but is written in python, allowing a large degree of flexibility and meaning it can be easily expanded using other python packages. We find that trainable segmentation offers better accuracy than global or local thresholding methods and requires as few as 100 user‐labelled pixels to produce an accurate segmentation. Trainable segmentation presents a balance of accuracy and training time between global/local thresholding and neural networks, when used on transmission electron microscope images of nanoparticles. We also quantitatively investigate the effectiveness of the components of trainable segmentation, its filter kernels and classifiers, in order to demonstrate the use cases for the different filter kernels in ParticleSpy and the most accurate classifiers for different data types. A set of filter kernels is identified that are effective in distinguishing particles from background but that retain dissimilar features. In terms of classifiers, we find that different classifiers perform optimally for different image contrast; specifically, a random forest classifier performs best for high‐contrast ADF images, but that QDA and Gaussian Naïve Bayes classifiers perform better for low‐contrast TEM images.
Impact of a Comfortable in our Skin interactive workshop on social media awareness and self‐confidence in adolescents
Authors: Mumber Hannah E. , Rashid Sarem , Carey Grace , Navarro Alexis , Oh Eric , Nasir Muhammad , Lee Margaret S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial media use contributes to body dissatisfaction and reduced quality of life among adolescents. This study examines the impact of social media use and skin conditions on body image and suggests that a Comfortable in Our Skin (CIOS) pilot community‐based workshop may promote healthier body image and social media usage among urban adolescents.
In Situ Prepared NRCPFs as Highly Active Photo Platforms for in Situ Bond Formation Between Aryldiazonium Salts and Heteroarenes
Authors: Singh Satyam , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Kim Tae Wu , Singh Chandani , Singh Pooja , Chaubey Surabhi , Rose Baimuratova , Gulzhian Dzhardimalieva , Khare Prateek 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCovalent perylene frameworks (CPFs) with melamine linkages have newly received rising interest for a variety of applications because of nitrogen‐rich content and high stability. Herein, we account a new simple strategy to in situ attain nitrogen‐rich covalent perylene frameworks (NRCPFs) as highly active photo platforms for in situ bond formation between aryldiazonium salts and heteroarenes (C–H bond arylation) through the controlled photoredox route.
Success and failure of invasive races of plant pathogens: The case of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in France
Authors: Vidal Tiphaine , Boixel Anne‐Lise , Maghrebi Essia , Perronne Rémi , du Cheyron Philippe , Enjalbert Jérôme , Leconte Marc , de Vallavieille‐Pope Claude 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInvasions of new races can have contrasting consequences on populations of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, causing yellow rust of wheat. For example, the emergence of PstS7 (Warrior race) had major impacts in Europe and in France. By contrast, PstS2 had no impact in France, while it significantly affected other parts of the world. The objective of this study was to better understand factors that govern the success of an invasive race, taking the contrasting history of PstS7 and PstS2 in France as a case study. We compared these two races for three key factors driving invasive potential: (a) virulence against local cultivars, (b) aggressiveness in local environmental conditions, and (c) competitiveness against local races. During the period when PstS2 was detected, 70% of the grown wheat area was protected against this race by at least one known Yr resistance gene. By contrast, we found that only 15% of the wheat area had a low risk of infection by PstS7. In planta competition experiments suggested a higher competitiveness of PstS7 against local isolates compared to PstS2 in optimal thermal conditions. In silico experiments, based on thermal performance curves, suggested a high competitiveness of PstS7 considering infection efficiency. PstS2 was extremely competitive against local races in all considered environments (20 French sites × 15 years) due to its short latency period. Our findings highlight the importance of considering adaptation to environmental conditions, particularly temperature, in addition to virulence spectrum, in order to understand the evolutionary trajectories of emerging strains in pathogen populations.
Experimental Investigation on Spray Evaporation and Dispersion Characteristics of Impinged Biodiesel-Butanol Blends
Authors: Zhang Qiankun , Xia Jin , Wang Jianping , He Zhuoyao , Zhao Wenbin , Qian Yong , Zheng Liang , Liu Rui , Lu Xingcai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The objective of the investigation is to explore the spray evaporation and dispersion characteristics of impinged biodiesel-butanol blends at various n-butanol ratios (0, 10%, 30%, 50%) and ambient conditions. A total of 180 experimental cases were performed in a constant-volume combustion chamber. The liquid- and vapor-phase sprays were captured by backlight imaging technique and Schlieren imaging technique, respectively. Several macroscopic parameters were measured and discussed, including impinged spray structure, width, height, and area. Some novel parameters are derived to analyze spray evaporation and dispersion. Results show that biodiesel blended with 30% n-butanol transits better from liquid-phase to vapor-phase compared with other blends, displaying rapid liquid-phase evaporation an steady vapor-phase dispersion. After wall impingement, an increase in the ambient pressure or temperature hinders the liquid-phase dispersion in the vertical direction significantly, leading to a rapid decrease in the height of the impinged spray. The vapor-phase diffusion rate in the horizontal direction is about four times the rate in the vertical direction, and the rate ratio is slightly affected by ambient conditions and injection pressure. Compared with the free jet, the impinged spray is not beneficial for liquid-phase evaporation and vapor-phase dispersion, presenting larger liquid-phase area and smaller vapor-phase area. However, impinged biodiesel blended with 30% n-butanol displays better spray evaporation and dispersion.
Design And Development of a Novel Assistive Device for Laparoscopic Surgery Using Granular Jamming
Authors: Andy Huang Chenan , Song Sang-Eun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Laparoscopic surgery has a notably high learning curve, hindering typical approaches to training. Due to unique challenges that are not present in open surgery (the hinge effect, small field of view (FoV), lack of depth perception, and small workspace), a surgical resident may be delayed in participating in laparoscopic surgery until later in residency. Having a narrow window to complete highly specialized training can lead to graduates feeling under-prepared for solo practice. Additionally, delayed introduction may expose trainees to fewer than 200 laparoscopic cases. Therefore, there is a need for surgical residents to increase both their caseload and training window without compromising patient safety. This project aims to develop and test a proof-of-concept prototype that uses granular jamming technology to controllably vary the force required to move a laparoscopic tool. By increasing tool resistance, the device helps prevents accidental injury to important nearby anatomical structures such as urinary tract, vasculature, and/or bowel. Increasing the safety of laparoscopic surgery would allow residents to begin their training earlier, gaining exposure and confidence. A device to adjust tool resistance has benefits to the experienced surgeon as well – surgeries require continuous tool adjustment and tension, resulting in fatigue. Increasing tool resistance can assist surgeons in situations requiring continuous tension and can also provide safety against sudden movements. This investigational device was prototyped using SolidWorks CAD software, then 3D printed and assessed with a laparoscopic box trainer.
Evaluating Gender Differences in Treatment of Simulated Gunshot Wounds Using a Female Retrofit
Authors: Craig Curtis M. , Drahos Bradley , Schwieters Katelyn R. , Morris Nichole L. , Lye Mandi , Kowalewski Timothy M. , Norfleet Jack E. , Mazzeo Mark V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Female soldiers are at greater risk of injury and have higher death rates compared to male soldiers. Female casualties are underrepresented in existing training materials for battlefield medics and the patient simulators are often masculine in appearance. The current study assesses the suitability of a female retrofit for male patient simulators and explores the existence of disparities in treatment between male and female patient simulators among combat medic trainees. Thirty-six participants undergoing training at a U.S. Army Medical Simulation Training Center performed a series of basic procedures on both a male patient simulator and a similar patient simulator with a female retrofit. The chest seal procedure was video-recorded and coded for errors committed by the trainees and analyzed to determine whether the apparent gender and order of the patient simulators affected error likelihood and rate. The results indicated that gender and order did not affect the likelihood of optimal performance, but if trainees treated the female retrofitted patient simulator first, they tended to commit more errors. Therefore, the use of a female retrofit may be useful for providing parity in training for gender; however, the issue of gender disparities remains a pressing issue for medical device design and research.
Evaluation of Endoscope Control Assessment System
Authors: Hussain Saira , Zhou Yuqi , Liu Ruiji , Pauli Eric , Haluck Randy , Fell Barry , Moore Jason 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Colonoscopy procedures are commonly performed to screen the colon for cancer-causing polyps. These procedures require highly trained practitioners and extensive training is necessary to perform proficiently. The Endoscopic Control Assessment System (ECAS) was developed to train and assess practitioners using a magnetic tracker and camera imaging. The magnetic tracker is used to track the tip motion of an endoscope during the insertion and retraction procedure of colonoscopy. In addition, camera imaging is used to track the angle of the control knobs during the procedure. The colon deflection of a manikin during a colonoscopy was successfully tracked to be averaged as 31, 54, and 10 mm for the three trials. Visual processing showed the control knob motion could be successfully tracked during a manikin colonoscopy procedure. The ECAS system was shown to be able to successfully measure user inputs during a manikin procedure.
Electromagnetic Transmission Coefficient-Based Assessment of Tissue State During Microwave Ablation
Authors: Zeinali Nooshin , Sebek Jan , Fallahi Hojjatollah , Pfannenstiel Austin , Prakash Punit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: During microwave ablation (MWA), applicators are positioned within/around the target under image guidance, however, real-time monitoring of the ablation zone growth is limited. The tissue dielectric properties change with increasing temperature; therefore, changes in the complex-valued electromagnetic transmission coefficient (s21) between applicators may provide a parameter for ablation monitoring.
Objective: To relate the physical state of tissue to the energy transmitted between a pair of directional MWA applicators.
Method: We implemented a method for sequential measurement of broadband s21 between two directional MWA applicators operating at 2.45GHz. In each experiment, the input of each applicator was periodically switched between a microwave generator (“heating mode”) and a vector network analyzer (VNA, “monitoring mode”). S-parameters and tissue images after ablation were collected from 19 experiments in fresh ex vivo liver tissue for heating times 53-1200s. From gathered s21, we computed the average transmission coefficient (ATC) and group delay (GD) and related them to tissue state.
Results: Both ATC and GD decrease with time and saturate towards the completion of ablation at ~75% and ~96% of the initial value respectively.
Conclusion: We demonstrated the potential of in-procedure tissue state assessment by monitoring s21 between two directional MWA applicators in ex vivo liver.
Simulating Baroreflex Activation Therapy for the Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Clemmer John S. , Pruett W. Andrew , Hester Robert L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Clinical trials demonstrate baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) reduces LV mass and blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients and in patients with hypertensive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It is thought that high sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in the heart plays a role in the disease progression seen in these patients. However, the impact of BAT on hemodynamics, cardiac SNA, and disease progression during HFpEF is unknown. In the present study, we used HumMod, a large physiology model to predict the time-dependent changes of BAT during HFpEF. Our results demonstrate a progressive cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis during HFpEF. After 6 months of BAT however, left ventricular mass was reduced (-11%), associated with decreased blood pressure, decreased cardiac SNA, and restoration of β1-adrenergic activity. Interestingly, when cardiac SNA suppression was blocked during BAT, the improvement in cardiac mass was attenuated. These simulations indicate that the suppression of cardiac SNA could be the primary determinant of the cardioprotective effects from BAT in this HF population.
A Novel Tool for Auricle Retraction During Closure of Post-Auricular Incisions
Authors: Cannon Piper C. , Smetak Miriam R. , Webster Robert J. , Labadie Robert F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Many otologic surgeries, including cochlear implantation and mastoidectomy, require a post-auricular incision for exposure. The auricle must be retracted forward in order to enable an unobstructed view of the surgical field and improve procedural outcomes. Typical methods of securing the ear include tape, a small stitch, or an assistant’s finger, depending on surgeon preference. In this paper, we propose a novel design for a tool that retracts the auricle safely, effectively, and consistently with the appropriate tension for closure of a post-auricular incision. The tool attaches to the helix with a compression fit, and then anchors between the triangular fossa and the helical crus. The tool’s efficacy is demonstrated through a test fit and comparison to standard methods. This anchoring tool enables the surgeon to retract the pinna easily and effectively.
Development and Characterization of Biostable Hydrogel Robotic Actuators for Implantable Devices: Tendon Actuated Gelatin
Authors: Harris Hannah , Radecka Adia , Malik Raefa , Pineda Guzman Roberto Alonso , Santoso Jeffrey , Bradshaw Alyssa , McCain Megan , Kersh Mariana , Golecki Holly 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
While the field of medical device design has made tremendous progress in recent decades, implantable devices continue to be plagued by the body’s immune response and fibrosis. The field of soft robotics uses low modulus materials that compliance match surrounding tissues to help address this issue. Traditionally, silicone has been the material of choice for soft robots. Although durable and elastic, implanted silicone often leads to fibrosis. To advance the use of soft robotics in medical devices, new materials must be explored. We hypothesize that protein-based soft robotic actuators hold promise for implantable medical devices by not only matching moduli surrounding tissues but also providing physiologically relevant chemical cues. Biocompatible soft actuators that achieve the functionality of silicone counterparts may promote integration with host cells and support long-term implant safety. Additionally, controlled degradation may hold promise for post-surgical support devices or drug delivery. Here, we develop and characterize crosslinked gelatin (GEL) actuators. The development of biomaterial soft actuators with properties comparable to synthetic analogues expands the applications of soft robotic devices for medical devices and healthcare applications.
Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis to Expedite Treatment and Prevent Pulmonary Embolism During Gestation
Authors: Maiti Dolly , Arunachalam Shivaram P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of thrombosis or blood clot in the deep veins of the body, usually in the lower extremities or pelvic vein. During this time, a hypercoagulable state results in a higher rate of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) during gestation and the postnatal stage. PE is the leading cause of maternal death, making early diagnosis and clinical treatment vital to both the mother’s and fetal life.
The current technologies for the diagnosis of DVT reduced detection accuracy with increased depth, false negatives when parallel veins are present, and the incompetence of imaging due to factors such as obesity and edema. The drawback of compression ultrasound is that clots may emboli during diagnosis and travel to vital organs such as the heart. In this study a new technological advancement is explored to superior diagnostic methods, and a near infrared device will be able to provide relative measurements of the oxygenation levels of calf veins and can help identify excessive deoxygenation and specific locations. Oxyhemoglobin & deoxyhemoglobin absorbs red light and infra-red lights differently. Oxygenated blood gets absorbed by IR light while deoxygenated gets transmitted. When infrared light is emitted onto a vein, it gets absorbed by the oxygenated hemoglobin and gives an absorbance ratio of output to the input close to 1. Infrared radiation spectroscopy measurements can indicate Δ½HbO2 and Δ½Hb to show a comparison, helping to indicate the presence or absence of a clot. . The circuit is designed with capacitors, resistors, and transistors to act as filters and triggers to pulsate at 20Hz, to pick up biological signals. An Arduino Uno microcontroller helped to process data in order to analyze signal proximity to 0 or 1 to classify DVT and validate the efficacy of using IR for DVT detection
Testing of the device allowed for a functionality check to understand whether it was able to pick up signals of oxygenation levels. The 3 tests have insight on the potential of the device; however, the results were inconclusive, due to a lack of sufficient testing. The limitation has been the inability to test on a large sample size and insufficient data, therefore it can’t be said for now whether IR is an effective way of diagnosing DVT. However, since on localized testing, the device seems to be gathering programmed signals, the research can be furthered, and the efficacy can be proved by testing on expecting patients.
Design of a Textile Sensor Embedded Shirt for Posture Monitoring
Authors: Sikligar Drashti , Nguessan Linda , Pham Diana , Grupper Jesse , Beaudette Alex , Ling Anissa , Walsh Conor , Golecki Holly M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Poor posture leading to neck and back pain can be caused by long hours sitting in front of computer screens in ergonomically inadequate office furniture or in makeshift home offices. For most individuals, recognizing and correcting for poor posture is an uncommon practice. Poor seated posture is characterized by protracted scapulae, increased kyphosis, and a flexed lumbar spine. Toward a wearable system that performs continuous monitoring, we developed a textile sensor embedded garment. Using textile sensors sewn into a shirt, we test the capability of our design to read curvatures related to seated posture. First, textile sensors were evaluated for fabrication and data collection ease. Next, sensors embedded in shirt designs were evaluated for their ability to produce data that can be recognized as good or poor posture across a user’s back. Designs leveraging e-textiles and snap circuitry enable textile sensor posture readings in a wearable device that is soft and durable. Results from this proof-of-concept prototype show that such customizable garments may enable the study of specific muscle groups related to various postures in the future. Sensor technology embedded in everyday wear garments holds promise for integrating continuous postural monitoring to commercially available clothing.
Development of a New Generation of Neurovascular Devices for the Treatment of Cerebral Bifurcation Aneurysms with the Fusiform Opathology: A Computational Approach
Authors: Jahandardoost Mehdi , Grecov Dana , Ricci Donald , Milani Abbas , Hsiang York 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cerebral aneurysm (CA) is an abnormal dilation of the cerebral arterial wall, which accounts for more than half a million deaths each year worldwide. Flow diverters (FDs) represent one method recently developed in treating CAs. Typically, they do not need coiling (releasing micro-coils within the aneurysm) and act purely to prevent substantial blood inflow into the aneurysm.
In collaboration with Evasc Neurovascular Enterprises (Vancouver, Canada), whose area of expertise is developing novel CA therapies, we have developed a novel FD for the treatment of bifurcation CAs with fusiform-like properties involving the confluence of the main and daughter branches. To the best of authors’ knowledge, currently there is no device for an effective treatment of such complex aneurysms.
Through a stepwise design modification process and utilizing CFD modeling, we have developed a new design for the Evasc FD (eCLIPs) with improved hemodynamics, which is characterized by more than 30% reduction in the aneurysm inflow and wall shear stress (WSS) for the new implant design over eCLIPs for this subset of aneurysms. The new device design, modified-design eCLIPs (MD-eCLIPs), can represent the only device available for the treatment of such CAs with fusiform pathology.