bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well-Integrity-Management Approach in HP/HT Gas Field Ensures Stable Production
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: April 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 208443, “Integrity Evaluation and Management in High-Temperature, High-Pressure, and High-Production-Rate Wells in Southwest China,” by Dajiang Zhu, Yu Fan, and Huali Zhang, PetroChina, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The Longwangmiao (LM) gas field in southwest China features high-pressure (HP; approximately 75–76 MPa), high-temperature (HT; approximately 144–156°C), and high-production-rate (approximately 700 000–1 million m3/d) characteristics. Serious well-integrity problems were encountered in the development process. Wellhead growth was present in 33 wells, and four wells exhibited gas leakage through wellhead valves. A well-integrity-management system was developed based on annulus-pressure-management technology, wellhead-growth-risk analysis and control, downhole leakage detection, and wellhead corrosion and erosion detection, ensuring the safe and stable production of gas wells.

Introduction
In the four wells that experienced gas leakage after well completion, this mainly consisted of damage to and leakage of the wellhead valve stem seal, tail rod, and flange connection (Fig. 1). In addition, corrosion and internal leakage in six wellhead valves with a material level rating of FF also was detected. The corrosion and leakage of wellhead equipment has become a restrictive factor for the rapid and safe development of the gas reservoir. In addition, because the average gas-production rate of a single well is greater than 700 000 m3/d, and the wellhead temperature is greater than 90°C during production, the wellhead generally is lifted. After the gas reservoir was put into operation, under the influence of the rise of wellbore temperature, 33 of the 56 production wells were monitored for wellhead growth. The average growth was 4 mm for production wells, and the maximum value was nearly 30 mm.
Influence of Natural Fractures on Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Tight Middle Eastern Reservoir
Authors: Al Mteiri Shaikhah Abdulla , Suboyin Abhijith , Rahman Md Motiur , Haroun Mohammed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This extensive study deals with propagation behavior of induced hydraulic fractures in naturally fractured formation within heterogeneous Middle Eastern tight gas reservoirs. This can strongly support the development and design process of highly heterogeneous reservoirs in the Middle East.
This comprehensive investigation based on field data demonstrates the assessment methods of hydraulic fracture propagation behavior and its correlated effects in presence of natural fractures. A sensitivity analysis showing the significance of hydraulic fracturing treatment design that are operationally controllable is also presented. Further assessment in terms of varying fracture geometry, natural fracture sets and its effect on the productivity are also presented.
The introduced natural fracture sets further illustrate the significance of the natural fracture properties in this assessment. An intensive parametric study would additionally assist to understand the underlying flow behavior in the presence of complex fracture sets in tight reservoirs. Stress contrast, fracture toughness, orientation and angle of intersection are a few critical factors that can be coupled for further analysis. The results have been extended to current field applications while incorporating a case study field data of a recently operated fracturing job within the Middle East. Moreover, a parametric workflow that suggests optimum design parameters including number of transverse hydraulic fractures/clusters, their orientation and spacing, and parameters of fracturing materials, are also proposed.
A comprehensive investigation was conducted to create a representative model for a Middle Eastern tight gas formation with provided field data. This study is unique as it is based on a Middle Eastern candidate field and offers an insights to challenges and assist future fracturing designs for the region.
A New Real Time Prediction of Equivalent Circulation Density from Drilling Surface Parameters Without using PWD Tool
Authors: Al-Rubaii Mohammed Murif , Al-Nassar Fawaz Y , Al-Harbi Saleh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Equivalent circulating density for the used drilling fluids while drilling operations should meet the requirements such as stability of hole section, generated drilling cuttings carrying, mud lubrication & damage of hole section control. The hydrostatic column of mud have to be higher than the pressure of drilled formation, however, must be manipulated to be less than the estimated fracture value of wall of drilled hole section. Thin window while drilling can lead to hole problems such as well control incident (influx, kick and blowout) if the used ECD profile cannot be kept below the margin of fracture gradient and above sand face gradient drilling window margin. Also, could cause damage for drilling formation of hole section and loss of circulation during drilling operations. Obtaining down-hole values for mud properties like density and rheology, contributes to have precise prediction of real time ECD. Evaluation of real time observation of ECD and drop in pressure will allow operators to have more control over annular pressure throughout the wellbore. Which will reduce the risk of kicks, and loss circulation. In this paper, a new models of automated or effective density of drilling mud (EMW) and equivalent density of circulating mud (ECD) while drilling were developed to empower drilling team to closely monitor, optimize and allow immediate interventions. Drilling parameters and fluid rheology of same drilling fluid, hole section were collected for this development. The resulted EMW and ECD were benchmarked against commercial packages with advanced sensors and with strong agreement with absolute average error of (AAE) less than 2%. The developed drilling fluids models of EMW and ECD were applied, automated for time operating center (RTOC). The real time application will allow drilling team to optimize monitoring for performance and mitigate any potential risks for many drilling rigs without the need of using advanced commercial sensors.
The Effect Of Light Compressive And Tensile Orthodontics Forces On Sclerostin And Periostin Expressions In Human Periodontal Ligament Cells: An Invitro Study
Authors: sharifi nastaran , Akhoundi Mohammad Sadegh Ahmad , hodjat mahshid , haghighipour nooshin , veysari setareh kazemi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundOrthodontic treatment induces bone resorption on the compression side while on the tension side stimulates bone formation. The process involves a complex interaction of signalling molecules. The aim of the present study is to assess the expression of key regulatory proteins associated with bone remodeling, cell proliferation and apoptosis in response to different types of orthodontic forces at varied time points in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Materials and methods and ResultsPDL cells were isolated from extracted teeth and were divided into two groups based on the type and time of applied forces: Group 1 exposed to compressive forces for 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 hours and group 2 imposed to equi-axial tension forces in 1Hz frequency and 10% elongation in 0, 24, 48, 72 hours. Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to evaluate the gene expression. The secretion of Sclerostin and Periostin was assessed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining (DAPI) was used to evaluate apoptosis.The expression of Sclerostin(SOST) elevated at protein and gene levels under compression force while the application of tensile force induced the expression of Periostin(POSTN), Runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2) and reduced SOST expression in a time-dependent manner. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the marker of proliferation increased under tensile force. The compression forces induced apoptosis and increased gene expression of apoptotic regulators, Caspase9, and B-cell lymphoma 2(BCL2). ConclusionThe periostin and sclerostin play important role in orthodontic loads and their expressions under compressive and tensile forces are affected by both variables of time and type of applied forces. Application of compressive stress increases apoptosis while tensile force induces cell proliferation.
Increased accumulation of recombinant proteins in soybean seeds via the combination strategy of polypeptide fusion and suppression of endogenous storage proteins
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhang Yuanyu , Niu Lu , Xing Guojie , Zhao Qianqian , Zhong Xiaofang , Yang Xiangdong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Soybean seeds show great potential as a safe and cost-effective host for the large-scale production of biopharmaceuticals and industrially important macromolecules. However, the yields of desired recombinant proteins in soybean seeds are usually lower than the economic threshold (1% of total soluble protein, TSP) for potential commercialization. Here, a recombination strategy of the polypeptide (maize γ-zein, or elastin-like polypeptide, ELP) fusions and suppression of endogenous storage proteins (glycinin or conglycinin) via RNA interference (RNAi) was exploited to improve yield of the target protein in soybean seeds. Results: Transgenic soybean plants harboring both the polypeptide-fused GFP and glycinin/conglycinin RNAi expression cassettes were generated and confirmed by molecular analysis. On the glycinin suppression background, average accumulation levels of recombinant zein-GFP and GFP-ELP proteins were significantly increased as compared to that of the unfused GFP, reaching to 2.69% and 2.30% TSP in the immature seeds, and 3.49% and 4.31 % TSP in the mature seeds, respectively. However, no significant differences were detected in the glycinin or conglycinin suppression backgrounds for the same polypeptide fusion constructs, though suppression of one of the storage proteins in soybean seeds led to a significant increase of the other. Moreover, the increases in the recombinant protein yield did not affect the total protein content or the protein/oil ratio in soybean seeds Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the fusion of the foreign protein with polypeptide tags together with the depletion of endogenous storage proteins can significantly increase the expression of recombinant proteins without affecting the total protein content or the protein/oil ratio in soybean seeds.
The impact of COVID-19 on individual oral health: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Dickson-Swift Virginia , Kangutkar Tejashree , Knevel Ron , Down Sarah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Poor oral health is one of the more prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide and has a significant impact on individuals across the lifespan. International data indicates that dental caries is one of the most prevalent health conditions and a leading cause of preventable hospitalizations. The impacts of COVID-19 on oral health at the practice level are well documented, but gaps in understanding the impact on individual oral health remain. This review addresses this gap. Methods: Using a JBI systematic scoping review process we mapped and summarized the evidence to identify the impact of COVID-19 on individual oral health. Key search terms were developed and a total of 85 studies included in the review. Results: The 85 included studies were conducted 23 countries from 5 regions across the world. The majority (82/85) were quantitative, 2 were reviews and there was one qualitative interview study. Cross sectional surveys were the most common data collection approach followed by analysis of clinical data, analysis of internet trends and other online methods. Five key areas were identified including changes to provision of emergency dental services, provision of routine oral health services, oral hygiene maintenance at home, changes in dietary preferences, alternative models of dental provision and help seeking and attitudes to dental care in the future.Conclusions: This systematic scoping review has demonstrated that the pandemic has impacted on oral health at the individual level. It is important that we are aware of these impacts and ensure that support systems are in place to overcome future periods where access to dental care might be compromised. The provision of preventive care remains a vital first step in ensuring good overall oral health as is paramount during periods where access to dental treatment may be compromised.
A comprehensive study of Iraqi marshlands, with the emphasis on the development possibilities
Authors: Alani Mina A. , Shen Jie , Koko Auwalu Faisal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Iraqi Marshes is one of the most important historical heritage in Iraq and in the middle east, it has a very important geographical location and unique architecture and landscape design. For many years, Iraqi marshlands was always appealing to the scholars from all around the word. In 2016, marshlands had been inscribed on the “World Heritage List” during the 40th session if the World Heritage Committee. Marshland’s Inhabits usually enjoy a very unique life style. This area have different kind of animal, birds, and plants. Back in the 90s, there was a destructive action that done by the former Iraqi government which involves drainage of the marshlands, that led the inhabitants to leave the area. After 2003 there was a refolding of the marshlands, however, despite the cultural and historical importance of the marshlands, until now this area is still neglected and not getting the enough attention for development, the paper focus on investigating and fully analyses these area using data collection from literature review for the possibilities of future development and emphasizing the importance of the environmental tourism that can play a major role in Iraq’s national income. The result of the research has shown a poor managements to the marshland, there is no any governmental plans to develop the marshlands. Thus we should shed a light on this area and put its development into consideration.
The Impact of Passive Heating Strategies on Exercise Performance: Systematic Review &amp; Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Cowper Gavin , Goodall Stuart , Hicks Kirsty , Burnie Louise , Briggs Marc 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Prior to exercise, a warm-up routine has been suggested to be an imperative factor in task readiness with the anticipation that it will enhance performance. Key benefits of a warm-up are the increase of muscle and core temperature, which can be achieved in a variety of ways. An effective way to achieve improvements in core and muscle temperature is by performing an active warm up. However, lengthy transition periods between an active warm-up and exercise performance, is known to decline core and muscle temperature, thereby reducing performance capability. As such, methods are needed to assist athletes during transition periods, to maintain the benefits of a warm-up with the aim of optimising performance. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to systematically analyse the evidence base that has investigated the use of passive heating to aide sporting performance when a transition period is experienced. A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken following relevant studies being identified using PudMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO. Studies investigating the effects of passive heating strategies during the transition period between an active warm-up and exercise performance were included. The quality of included studies was assessed by 2 independent reviewers using a modified version of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Seven studies, all high quality (mean = 7.6), reported sufficient data (quality score > 5) on the effects of passive heating strategies on exercise performance. Passive heating strategies used between an active warm-up and exercise, appear to work favourably in all studies which examined peak power output (ES = 0.54 [95% CI 0.17 to 0.91]), however, only a favourable trend was evident for time to completion of exercise performance (ES = 1.07 [95% CI -0.64 to 0.09]). However, such conclusions are only based upon a limited number of well-conducted, randomised, controlled trials. Therefore, more studies are needed to further determine the role passive warming, during the transition period, has on exercise performance. Furthermore, additional research is necessary to determine the optimum procedure for passive warm-up strategies, including environmental conditions, length of time to the wear a heated garment, garment temperature, and the placement of the heating elements embodied into the garment.
What are the factors associated with the quality of life for parents of children affected by neurodevelopmental disorders? Usage of the quality of life survey approved PAR-DD-QOL in general medicine
Authors: Chastang Julie , Boussarsar Emna , Chavannes Barbara , Bonello Kim , Moussaoui Sohela , Skendi Mariela , Gomes Cecilia , Cadwallader Jean Sébastien , Ibanez Gladys 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aim: This project aims to evaluate the quality of life for parents of children affected by neurodevelopmental disorders using the survey approved by Par-DD-Qol.Methods: It is a quantitative, descriptive, and analytical study directed at a population of 130 parents of children affected by neurodevelopmental disorders in the Ile-de-France region between January and May 2019.Results: The main factors associated with better scores in quality of life are the support of the general practitioner as well as being in a relationship. The parents’ level of education, autism spectrum disorders, and delays in the diagnosis are associated with worst results when it comes to the quality of life.Conclusion: Knowing the factors associated with the quality of life allows to target actions needed to support the parents as their well-being is crucial for better general care of the child.
Laboratory Services in the context of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV testing requirements in Copperbelt Province, Zambia. A qualitative inquiry
Authors: Mwanza Jonathan , Doherty Tanya , Lubeya Mwansa Ketty , Gray Glenda E. , Mutale Wilbroad , Kawonga Mary 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
IntroductionReliable and timely laboratory results are crucial for monitoring the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) cascade, particularly to enable early HIV diagnosis and early intervention. We sought to explore whether and how laboratory services have been prepared to absorb new testing requirements following PMTCT Test-and-Treat policy changes in three districts of Zambia.MethodThis qualitative study was conducted in three local government areas in the Copperbelt Province (one urban and two rural) between February 2019 and July 2020. Document review and in-depth interviews with 26 purposively sampled health workers were undertaken. All interviews were analyzed using thematic data analysis, informed by the health system dynamic framework.ResultsThe findings revealed that the health system inputs (infrastructure and supplies, human resources, knowledge and information and finance) and service delivery were unequal between the rural and urban sites and this affected the ability of health facilities to apply the new testing requirements, especially, in the rural based health facilities. The major barriers identified include gaps in the capacity of the existing laboratory system to perform crucial PMTCT clinical and surveillance functions in a coordinated manner and insufficient skilled human resources to absorb the increased testing demands. The centralized laboratory system for HIV testing of mothers and exposed neonates meant facilities had to send specimens to other facilities and districts which resulted in high turnaround time and hence delayed HIV diagnosis.ConclusionNew guidelines implemented without sufficient capacitation of health system inputs and service delivery resulted in gaps in the capacity of the existing laboratory system to perform and meet the diagnostic and treatment needs for PMTCT. This study documented the areas relating to health system inputs and laboratory service delivery where greater investment and support is needed to enable absorption of the new testing requirements.
Another way to be green: pigmented liquid ink in butterfly wings – a novel form of colouration
Authors: Nishida Kenji , Adachi Haruhiko , Moriyama Minoru , Futahashi Ryo , Hanson Paul , Kondo Shigeru 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A novel mechanism underlying butterfly wing colouration was discovered in two distantly related butterfly species, Siproeta stelenes (Nympalinae) and Philaethria diatonica (Heliconiinae). These butterflies have bright green wings, but the colour is not derived from pigments or nano-structures of the scales or the colour of the cuticular membrane, but from an ink-like liquid retained in the wings. Wing structure differs between the green and non-green areas. In the non-green region, the upper and lower cuticular membranes are attached to each other, whereas in the green region there is a space of 5–10 microns where liquid ink is held and living cells were observed. The green ink was composed of pigments similar to those in the hemolymph, but enriched with carotenoid lutein. This novel discovery sheds a new light on our understanding of the evolution of wing colouration in butterflies.
Arsenic Trioxide (ATO)-Induced Pyroptosis and Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Su Jia-Yin , Zheng Li-Min , Luo Jie-Si , Wang Li-Na , Huang Li-Bin , Xiang Suoyu , Liang Cong , Sun Xi , Tang Yan-lai , Luo Xue-qun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is partly due to the immunosuppressive leukemia environment. A therapeutic approach to induce pyroptosis is promising to work on this issue. Pyroptosis, a form of inflammatory cell death, is capable to release pro-immune factors and enhance the infiltration and cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells. Chemical drugs have been verified to enhance anti-tumor immunity by inducing pyroptosis. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), a clinical drug in leukemia, is reported to be effective to kill AML cells, but it’s still unclear about its mechanism in AML. Our research is aimed at exploring the ATO effect on pyroptosis induction and the anti-tumor immunity of NK cells in AML.Methods: Pyroptotic phenomenon was detected by confocal microscopy, Annexin-V / propidium iodide staining, LDH release assay, and western blotting; The release of cytokines was detected by SDS-PAGE, proteomic analysis, ELISA, etc.; AML xenograft models were established to explore the ATO effect in vivo and the anti-tumor effect of ATO treatment was identified by tumor-volume measurement, HE staining and KI67 staining; The activity of NK cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence, flow cytometric analysis, etc.; The differential expressed proteins were identified by quantitative proteomic analysis and western blotting.Results: We first discovered that ATO induced pyroptosis in AML cells and activated caspase-3/gasdermin E (GSDME) pathway to induce pyroptosis, and enhances the release of LDH, HMGB1, and IL-1β. Moreover, we revealed that ATO treatment promoted the proliferation, tumor-infiltration, and degranulation of NK cells in AML and its leukemia microenvironment. The further proteomic clues indicate the potential mechanisms of the ATO anti-leukemia effect in vivo.Conclusions: These findings indicate that ATO treatment induces pyroptosis via caspase-3/GSDME pathway, enhances the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activates NK cells in AML. Our data identify what is to our knowledge the first clinical drug that induces pyroptosis in AML, revealing the potential anti-leukemic and pro-immune properties of ATO treatment in the leukemia microenvironment of AML, which may be beneficial in reducing the recurrence problems associated with the leukemia microenvironment.