bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How has COVID-19 changed trip patterns by purpose in China?
Authors: Zhou Enru , Lee Jaeyoung 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 has upended the whole world. Due to travel restrictions by governments and increased perceived risks of the disease, there have been significant changes in social activities and travel patterns. This paper investigates the effects of COVID-19 on changes to individuals' travel patterns, particularly for travel purposes. An online questionnaire survey was conducted in China, which incorporates questions about individuals’ sociodemographic and travel characteristics in three different periods of COVID-19 (i.e. before the outbreak, at the peak and after the peak; the peak here refers to the peak of the pandemic in China, between the end of January and 1 May, 2020). The results show that trip frequency decreased sharply from the outbreak until the peak, and drastically increased after the peak. Nevertheless, the data from this study suggests that it has not fully recovered to the level before the outbreak. Subsequently, a series of random parameters bivariate Probit models for changes in travel patterns were estimated with personal characteristics. The findings demonstrate that during the peak of the pandemic, residents who did not live in more developed cities reached low-frequency travel patterns more quickly. For travel purposes, residents of Wuhan, China resumed travelling for work, entertainment and buy necessities at a much higher rate than other cities. After the peak, students' travel for work, entertainment and to buy necessities recovered significantly faster than for other occupations. The findings would be helpful for establishing effective policies to control individual travel and minimize disease spread in a possible future pandemic.
Phytophthora infestansRxLR Effector PITG06478 Hijacks 14-3-3 to Suppress PMA Activity Leading to Necrotrophic Cell Death
Authors: Seo Ye-Eun , Yan Xin , Choi Doil , Mang Hyunggon 
Published: November 2022

Pathogens often induce cell death for their successful proliferation in the host plant. Plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PMAs) are targeted by either pathogens or plant immune receptors in immune response regulation. Although PMAs play pivotal roles in host cell death, the molecular mechanism of effector-mediated regulation of PMA activity has not been described. Here, we report that the Phytophthora infestans RxLR effector PITG06478 can induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana but the induced cell death is inhibited by fusicoccin (FC), an irreversible PMA activator. PITG06478, which is localized at the plasma membrane, is not directly associated with the PMA but is associated with Nb14-3-3s, a PMA activator. Immunoblot analyses revealed that the interaction between PITG06478 and Nb14-3-3s was disrupted by FC. PMA activity in PITG06478-expressing plants was eventually inhibited, and cell death likely occurred because the 14-3-3 protein was hijacked. Our results further confirm the significance of PMA activity in host cell death and provide new insight into how pathogens utilize essential host components to sustain their life cycle.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Does Examined Lymph Node Count Influence Survival in Surgically Resected Early‑stage Pulmonary Typical Carcinoid Tumors?
Authors: Yang Hao , Liu Tong , Li Mengqi , Fang Zhanglan , Luo Ling 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of the number of examined lymph nodes (ELNs) in resected early‑stage pulmonary typical carcinoid tumors (TC).

Methods:
Patients who underwent sublobar resection and lobectomy for stage T1N0M0 TC between 2004 and 2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and enrolled in the ELNs≥4 or ELNs<4 groups (optimal cutoff using X-tile). Propensity score matching balanced baseline intergroup characteristics. Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank test were used to calculate and compare overall survival (OS) rates. Cox proportional hazard model analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors.

Results:
Among 2234 participants, 961 (43.02%) and 1273 (56.98%) had ELNs <4 and ≥4, respectively. The 5-year OS was significantly higher in the ELNs≥4, compared with ELNs<4, group, both before and after propensity score matching (95.41% vs. 89.71%, P<0.001 and 95.24% vs. 90.28%, P=0.004), respectively. Surgical subgroup analysis confirmed this survival trend in the lobectomy and sublobar resection groups. Tumor size-based subgroup analysis revealed superior OS with ELNs≥4 than ELNs<4 for tumors measuring 1.1–3.0 cm but not for tumors <1.0 cm. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that ELN≥4 contributed to improved OS.

Conclusions:
The higher the ELNs, the greater the long-term survival rate in patients with early‑stage TC. Therefore, we recommend at least 4 ELNs as the cutoff value for evaluating the prognosis of early‑stage TCs, especially for patients with a tumor size of 1.1 to 3.0 cm.
Changes in the Anxiety Levels of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ashour Ala , Al-Rawashdeh Sami , Tanash Mu'ath , Al-Smadi Ahmed , Alshraifeen Ali , Shajrawi Abedalmajeed 
Published: November 2022

Background
Anxiety is a predictor of a bad prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reported high levels of anxiety, yet little is known about changes in anxiety levels after this procedure.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine changes in anxiety levels of patients undergoing PCI and identify differences in anxiety levels based on patients' demographics and clinical details.

Methods
A convenience sample of patients undergoing first-time elective PCI (N = 165) completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale at baseline (discharge time) and 6 months later. Paired samples t test was used to assess the changes in anxiety levels. The χ
2 test was used to examine the pattern of changes between the 2 time points. Patients did not have access to cardiac rehabilitation.

Results
Six months after PCI, the anxiety level scores decreased significantly; mean scores for the baseline versus follow-up were 10.84 ± 5.98 versus 4.29 ± 6.02, respectively (P = .001). Only 18.2% of the patients had normal levels of anxiety at the baseline compared with 71.5% 6 months later. History of hospitalization after PCI, being a smoker, younger age, and low level of education were associated with higher levels of anxiety at follow-up.

Conclusions
Although anxiety levels were reduced 6 months after PCI, assessing patients' anxiety levels and implementing psychoeducational interventions at follow-up should be incorporated to optimize the care of PCI patients, particularly for those who are younger, who are smokers, or with a low educational level.
Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Xa-Guided Versus Fixed Dosing of Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Trauma Patients
Authors: Tran Alexandre , Fernando Shannon M. , Gates Rebecca S. , Gillen Jacob R. , Droege Molly E. , Carrier Marc , Inaba Kenji , Haut Elliott R. , Cotton Bryan , Teichman Amanda , Engels Paul T. , Patel Rakesh V. , Lampron Jacinthe , Rochwerg Bram 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
Trauma patients are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We summarize the comparative efficacy and safety of anti-Xa-guided versus fixed dosing for low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for the prevention of VTE in adult trauma patients.

Methods:
We searched Medline and Embase from inception through June 1, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials or observational studies comparing anti-Xa-guided versus fixed dosing of LMWH for thromboprophylaxis in adult trauma patients. We incorporated primary data from 2 large observational cohorts. We pooled effect estimates using a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias using the ROBINS-I tool for observational studies and assessed certainty of findings using GRADE methodology.

Results:
We included 15 observational studies involving 10,348 patients. No randomized controlled trials were identified. determined that, compared to fixed LMWH dosing, anti-Xa-guided dosing may reduce deep vein thrombosis [adjusted odds ratio (aOR); 0.52, 95% CI: 0.40–0.69], pulmonary embolism (aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.30–0.78) or any VTE (aOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.42–0.69), though all estimates are based on low certainty evidence. There was an uncertain effect on mortality (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.85–1.32) and bleeding events (aOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.50–1.39), limited by serious imprecision. We used several sensitivity and subgroup analyses to confirm the validity of our assumptions.

Conclusion:
Anti-Xa-guided dosing may be more effective than fixed dosing for prevention of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and VTE for adult trauma patients. These promising findings justify the need for a high-quality randomized study with the potential to deliver practice changing results.
Transcription Factor YY1 Ameliorates Liver Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Through Modulating the miR-181a-5p/ESR1/ERBB2 Axis
Authors: Wu Kun , Ma Long , Xu Ting , Cao Jun , Zhou Chengming , Yu Xiangyou , Wang Yi , Wen Hao 
Published: November 2022

Background.
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI) is characterized by inflammatory actions. Understanding the mechanistic insights underpinning inflammation is critical to developing treatment strategies. In this study, we illustrated the mechanistic insights of transcription factor Yin-Yang 1 (YY1)-mediated microRNA (miR)-181a-5p/estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1)/epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2) axis in liver I/RI.

Methods.
First, we established liver I/RI models in mice and hypoxia-reperfusion (H/R) cell models in mouse hepatocytes (AML12). Subsequently, the expression of YY1, miR-181a-5p, and ESR1 was determined in the 2 models. I/RI mouse models were further injected with lentivirus carrying oe-YY1‚ and H/R-exposed AML12 cells were subjected to a series of inhibitors, mimics, and shRNAs to validate the mechanisms of YY1 in controlling miR-181a-5p and ESR1 in liver I/RI.

Results.
Upregulated expression of miR-181a-5p and downregulated expression of YY1 were identified in the liver tissues of liver I/RI mice and H/R-exposed hepatocytes. Moreover, overexpression of YY1 inhibited the miR-181a-5p expression and thus repressed the H/R-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation. ESR1 was further validated as a target gene of miR-181a-5p and could be negatively regulated by miR-181a-5p. miR-181a-5p inhibition elevated ESR1 expression, which consequently enhanced the ERBB2 expression and reduced H/R-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation.

Conclusions.
Overall, these findings highlighted that YY1 repressed the miR-181a-5p expression and stimulated ESR1-mediated activation of ERBB2, thereby ameliorating liver I/RI. This study provides insight into the development of novel targets for liver I/RI.
A Novel Machine Learning Method for Mutational Analysis to Identifying Driver Genes in Breast Cancer
Authors: Taheri Golnaz , Habibi Mahnaz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBreast cancer has emerged as a severe public health issue and one of the main reasons for cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Although the definitive reason for breast cancer is unknown, many genes and mutations in these genes associated with breast cancer have been identified using developed methods. The recurrence of a mutation in patients is a highly used feature for finding driver mutations. However, for various reasons, some mutations are more likely to arise than others. Sequencing analysis has demonstrated that cancer-driver genes perform across complicated pathways and networks, with mutations often arising in a modular pattern. In this work, we proposed a novel machine-learning method to study the functionality of genes in the networks derived from mutation associations, gene-gene interactions, and graph clustering for breast cancer analysis. These networks have revealed essential biological elements in the vital pathways, notably those that undergo low-frequency mutations. The statistical power of the clinical study is considerably increased when evaluating the network rather than just the effects of a single gene. The proposed method discovered key driver genes with various mutation frequencies. We investigated the function of the potential driver genes and related pathways. By presenting lower-frequency genes, we recognized breast cancer-related pathways that are less studied. In addition, we suggested a novel Monte Carlo-based algorithm to identify driver modules in breast cancer. We demonstrated our proposed modules’ importance and role in critical signaling pathways in breast cancer, and this evaluation for breast cancer-related driver modules gave us an inclusive insight into breast cancer development.
The WAVE complex drives the morphogenesis of the photoreceptor outer segment cilium
Authors: Spencer William J. , Schneider Nicholas F. , Skiba Nikolai P. , Arshavsky Vadim Y. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe photoreceptor outer segment is a modified cilium filled with hundreds of flattened “disc” membranes responsible for efficient light capture. To maintain photoreceptor health and functionality, outer segments are continuously renewed through the addition of new discs at their base. This process is driven by branched actin polymerization nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex. To induce actin polymerization, Arp2/3 requires a nucleation promoting factor. Here, we show that the nucleation promoting factor driving disc morphogenesis is the pentameric WAVE complex and identify all protein subunits of this complex. We further demonstrate that the knockout of one of them, WASF3, abolishes actin polymerization at the site of disc morphogenesis leading to formation of disorganized membrane lamellae emanating from the photoreceptor cilium instead of an outer segment. These data establish that, despite the intrinsic ability of photoreceptor ciliary membranes to form lamellar structures, WAVE-dependent actin polymerization is essential for organizing these membranes into a proper outer segment.
Effect of Surgically Acquired Neurological Deficits on Mortality Among Patients with Brain Metastases
Authors: Zheng Yilong , Lin Xie Sophie Jia , Teo Kejia , Weng Nga Vincent Diong , Yeo Tseng Tsai , Rui Lim Mervyn Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the association between surgically acquired neurological deficits and mortality among patients who underwent surgical resection of brain metastases.MethodsPatients who underwent surgical resection of brain metastases at our institution between 2011 and 2019 were included. Surgically acquired neurological deficits were defined as dysarthria/aphasia, ataxia, hemiparesis, and visual field loss. A Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for potential confounders was constructed to evaluate whether surgically acquired neurological deficits were independently associated with a higher risk of overall mortality.ResultsA total of 153 patients were included in the analysis. 3.3% (5 patients) had a surgically acquired neurological deficit. On univariate time-to-event analysis, there was no statistically significant association between the development of a surgically acquired neurological deficit and mortality (HR=1.12; 95% CI=0.15, 8.24; p=0.910). On multivariate time-to-event analysis adjusting for potential confounders, there was also no statistically significant association between the development of a surgically acquired neurological deficit and mortality (HR=1.53; 95% CI=0.20, 11.9; p=0.683).ConclusionThe development of a surgically acquired neurological deficit was not associated with overall mortality. Although this conclusion differs from other studies in the literature, the goal of surgical resection remains unchanged – to resect as much tumor as possible while still preserving neurological function.
Do Ṣukūk and Islamic indexes act as safe refuge to conventional stock markets? Evidence from Markov-switching CAPM approach
Authors: Bahloul Slah , Mathlouthi Fatma 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe objective of this paper is twofold. First, to study the safe-haven characteristic of the Islamic stock indexes and Ṣukūk during the crises time. Second, to evaluate this property in the last pandemic. This study employs the daily dataset from June 15, 2015, to June 15, 2020, for the most affected countries by the earlier disease.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the Markov-switching Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach and the basic CAPM for the main analysis and the safe haven index (SHI) recently developed by Baur and Dimpfl (2021) for the robustness test.FindingsBased on Baur and Lucey's (2010) definition, empirical findings indicate that Islamic stock indexes cannot be a refuge throughout the crisis regime for all selected conventional markets. However, Ṣukūk are a strong refuge in Brazilian, Russian and Malaysian markets. For the remainder countries, except Italy, the USA and Spain, the Ṣukūk index offers weak protection against serious conventional market downturns. Similar conclusions are obtained during the COVID-19 global crisis period. Finally, results are confirmed by using the SHI.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first study that evaluates the safe haven effectiveness of the Islamic index and Ṣukūk using the SHI in the most impacted countries by the COVID-19 outbreak.
Evaluation of prisoner experiences during their engagement with the self-change programme
Authors: Kennedy Kara , McAlpine Stephan 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Previous difficulties were identified with the evaluation of violence interventions, resulting in gaps in the literature regarding the effectiveness of violence interventions. This study aims to contribute towards addressing the gap in the evaluation of violence interventions, by exploring the experience of prisoners who completed the self-change programme (SCP) during a 24-month period in HMP Shotts.

Design/methodology/approach
Five prisoners who completed the SCP at HMP Shotts were interviewed via a semi-structured interview to explore their experiences of engaging with this violence intervention. The data was analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), allowing the exploration and understanding of the subjective meanings of the experiences from the individual participants.

Findings
Interpretation of the data resulted in the identification of three superordinate themes that were relevant to participant experience: change as a process, supportive group environment and perceived outcomes.

Practical implications
These findings provide insight into prisoner experiences on SCP and contribute towards the evaluation of violence interventions. As prison-based interventions undergo a process of continued evaluation and re-accreditation, it is useful to understand the programme processes that enhance participant engagement and their learning experience, while also understanding the processes that may impede participant engagement and successful completion of violence interventions.

Originality/value
Although there has been substantial research conducted on violence interventions, this research has aimed to address some of the gaps and previous difficulties experienced within the evaluation of violence interventions.
GATA3 ameliorates melanocyte injuries in vitiligo through SIRT3‐mediated HMGB1 deacetylation
Authors: Nie Xiao‐Juan , Hao Bao‐Zhen , Zhang Ben‐Li , Li Yuan‐Yuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVitiligo is a skin depigmentation disorder. GATA3 expression is downregulated in vitiligo patients, and its role and regulatory mechanism in vitiligo are unclear. GATA3 and HMGB1 levels were detected by qRT‐PCR in peripheral blood cells of vitiligo patients and healthy controls, as well as H2O2‐treated PIG1 cells. Their expression correlation was assessed by Pearson analysis. qRT‐PCR, MTT assay, Ki67 immunostaining, flow cytometry, ELISA and Western blot were applied to determine GATA3 expression, cell survival, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, melanin contents, and melanin‐related protein expressions. The cellular distributions of HMGB1 and its deacetylation levels were detected by Western blot. The binding of GATA3 to SIRT3 promoter and effects on SIRT3 expression and HMGB1 deacetylation was determined by dual‐luciferase assay, ChIP assay, and Western blot. GATA3 was decreased, and HMGB1 was increased in vitiligo. Pearson correlation assay showed that they were negatively correlated. H2O2 significantly inhibited cell survival, proliferation, melanin secretion, and melanin‐related protein expressions but remarkably increased cell apoptosis. GATA3 overexpression could distinctly reverse the effects of H2O2 through decreasing HMGB1 expression and retained HMGB1 in nuclear due to the decreased HMGB1 acetylation. GATA3 bound to the SIRT3 and subsequently decreased H2O2‐induced HMGB1 acetylation. Overexpressing HMGB1 or knockdown of SIRT3 could reverse the effects of GATA3 overexpression. GATA3 inhibited H2O2‐induced injury in PIG1 cells and enhanced melanin secretion by SIRT3‐regulated HMGB1 deacetylation, which might provide new evidence to treat vitiligo.
Animal tracing with sulfur isotopes: Spatial segregation and climate variability in Africa likely contribute to population trends of a migratory songbird
Authors: Brlík Vojtěch , Procházka Petr , Hansson Bengt , Stricker Craig A. , Yohannes Elizabeth , Powell Rebecca L. , Wunder Michael B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Climatic conditions affect animals but range‐wide impacts at the population level remain largely unknown, especially in migratory species. However, studying climate–population relationships is still challenging in small migrants due to a lack of efficient and cost‐effective geographic tracking method.

Spatial distribution patterns of environmental stable isotopes (so called ‘isoscapes’) generally overcome these limitations but none of the currently available isoscapes provide a substantial longitudinal gradient in species‐rich sub‐Saharan Africa. In this region, sulphur (δ34S) has not been sufficiently explored on a larger scale.

We developed a δ34S isoscape to trace animal origins in sub‐Saharan Africa by coupling known‐origin samples from tracked migratory birds with continental remotely sensed environmental data building on environment–δ34S relationships using a flexible machine learning technique. Furthermore, we link population‐specific nonbreeding grounds with interannual climatic variation that might translate to breeding population trends.

The predicted δ34S isotopic map featured east–west and coast‐to‐inland isotopic gradients and was applied to predict nonbreeding grounds of three breeding populations of Eurasian Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus with two distinct migratory phenotypes. Breeding populations as well as migratory phenotypes exhibited large‐scale segregation within the African nonbreeding range. These regions also differed substantially in the interannual climatic variation, with higher interannual variability in the eastern part of the range during 2001–2012. Over the same period, the eastern European breeding population seemed to have experienced a more steep decline in population size.

The link between migratory patterns and large‐scale climatic variability appears important to better understand population trajectories in many declining migratory animals. We believe animal tracing using sulphur isotopes will facilitate these efforts and offers manifold ecological and forensic applications in the biodiversity hotspot of sub‐Saharan Africa.