bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical note: Examining the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for humic extraction of ancient bone
Authors: Wilson Tess , Szpak Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examined the efficacy of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for removing humic contaminants from collagen extracted from ancient bone. Humic contaminants must be removed to obtain reliable stable isotope values from ancient bone collagen, given that humic acids have consistently lower δ13C values than collagen. The purpose of our research was to examine if EDTA treatment could effectively remove humic contaminants from bone collagen and thus serve as an alternative to the commonly implemented sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment, which may be associated with large collagen losses in poorly preserved samples. We compared the isotopic and elemental composition of ancient samples treated with EDTA alone, samples demineralized in hydrochloric acid (HCl) and rinsed in EDTA, samples treated with HCl alone, and samples demineralized in HCl and rinsed with NaOH. The samples used in the analyses were selected because they presented evidence of substantial humic contamination. We found that NaOH was the most effective agent for reducing humic contaminants as evidenced by the samples treated with this agent having higher δ13C values and lower C:N ratios relative to other treatments. The results from samples treated with EDTA suggest that this chemical cannot effectively remove humic contaminants given that these samples had significantly higher C:N ratios and lower δ13C and δ15N values relative to the HCl/NaOH treatment. Our results demonstrate that when performing stable isotope analysis of ancient bone collagen suspected to be contaminated with humic acids, NaOH is the most effective chemical agent to remove humic contaminants, while EDTA cannot perform this task.
Blood extracellular vesicles carrying synaptic function‐ and brain‐related proteins as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tian Chen , Stewart Tessandra , Hong Zhen , Guo Zhen , Aro Patrick , Soltys David , Pan Catherine , Peskind Elaine R , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Shaw Leslie M. , Galasko Douglas , Quinn Joseph F , Shi Min , Zhang Jing ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionObjective and accessible markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias are critically needed.MethodsWe identified NMDAR2A, a protein related to synaptic function, as a novel marker of central nervous system (CNS)‐derived plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) and developed a flow cytometry‐based technology for detecting such plasma EVs readily. The assay was initially tested in our local cross‐sectional study to distinguish AD patients from healthy controls (HCs) or from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, followed by a validation study using an independent cohort collected from multiple medical centers (the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative). Cerebrospinal fluid AD molecular signature was used to confirm diagnoses of all AD participants.ResultsLikely CNS‐derived EVs in plasma were significantly reduced in AD compared to HCs in both cohorts. Integrative models including CNS‐derived EV markers and AD markers present on EVs reached area under the curve of 0.915 in discovery cohort and 0.810 in validation cohort.DiscussionThis study demonstrated that robust and rapid analysis of individual neuron‐derived synaptic function–related EVs in peripheral blood may serve as a helpful marker of synaptic dysfunction in AD and dementia.
Giant Multi‐Photon Absorption by Heptazine Organometalation
Authors: Zhang Ling , Morshedi Mahbod , Kodikara Mahesh S. , Humphrey Mark G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMulti‐photon absorption (MPA) is of increasing interest for applications in technologically important “windows” of the electromagnetic spectrum (near‐infrared III, NIR‐III, 1550–1870 nm; and the new 2080–2340 nm region); however, few molecules exist that display strong MPA at these long wavelengths. We herein report the syntheses of the first 2,5,8‐s‐heptazine‐cored organometallic complexes, together with organic analogues. The complexes exhibit outstanding 3PA cross‐sections in the NIR‐III and exceptional 4PA cross‐sections in the new 2080–2340 nm window. We demonstrate that replacing organic donor groups by organometallic units results in an order of magnitude increase in 3PA, the “switching on” of 4PA, and a dramatic improvement in photo‐stability. Our results highlight the impressive outcomes possible with an “organometalation” approach to NLO materials design.
Computational design and characterization of platinum‐II complexes of some Schiff bases and investigation of their anticancer–antibacterial properties
Authors: Kaya Serpil , Erkan Sultan , Karakaş Duran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPt(L1)2‐, Pt(L2)2‐, and Pt(L3)2‐type four‐coordinated hypothetical platinum‐II complexes were designed and characterized computationally. Where L1, L2, and L3 are the Schiff base anions as 2‐((ethylamino)methyl)‐6‐methoxyphenolate, 2‐((ethylamino)methyl)‐6‐methylphenolate, and 2‐((ethylamino)methyl)‐6‐chlorophenolate, respectively. M062X/LANL2DZ/6‐31G(d,p) level was found to be the best computational level for the complexes by benchmarking analysis. Pt (Ln)2‐type four‐coordinated complexes were optimized in the aqueous phase at the best level. Spectroscopic properties of optimized molecular structures (IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and UV–Vis) were calculated, and the complexes were characterized. It was determined that Pt (Ln)2‐type complexes have a distorted square planar geometry. Molecular electrostatic potential maps, molecular orbital energy diagrams, and some molecular properties of the complexes were calculated. To estimate the anticancer and antibacterial activities of the complexes, they were docked against Michigan Cancer Foundation‐7 (MCF7) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) cell lines and compared with standard substances. According to the calculated docking parameters, the complexes were found to have higher activity than substances with anticancer and antibacterial standards. The presence of an electron‐donating group in Schiff bases has been predicted to increase both anticancer and antibacterial activities.
Quality characteristics of oils extracted from ɣ‐irradiated chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds
Authors: Akyol Enise , Geçgel Ümit , Apaydın Demet 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the characteristics of oils extracted from ɣ‐irradiated chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds at five different doses (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 kGy) were established. After the irradiation process, the oils of chia seeds were obtained by using cold press technique. Sterol composition, fatty acid composition, tocopherol content, fatty acid value (FAV), peroxide value (PV), and total phenolic content were chosen as test parameters. Gamma irradiation led to the modification of fatty acid content of chia seed oil as a decrease in oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2) levels and an increase in palmitic acid (16:0), and stearic acid (18:0) levels were observed. In parallel with the increase of irradiation dose, total monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. Phenolic and tocopherol levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while FAV and PV increased significantly (p < 0.05) due to irradiation. Regarding sterol compositions; β‐sitosterol was determined as the highest and β‐sitosterol ratio decreased with increasing of irradiation dose. However, no significant changes was detected in the amount of campesterol in the sterol composition depending on the irradiation doses applied (p > 0.01). ɣ‐irradiation caused a decrease in the total amount of sterol, as well as in the tocopherol content.
Cerebral arterial and ventricular morphology of the dogfish (Squalus acanthias), American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), and green iguana (Iguana iguana): Arterial high‐resolution micro‐CT, dissection, and radiography study
Authors: Kier E. Leon , Conlogue Gerald J. , VanHouten Joshua N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study's objective was to investigate obtaining high‐resolution micro‐computed tomography (CT) imaging of the injected arterial circulation of the brains of the dogfish (Squalus acanthias), American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), and green iguana (Iguana iguana). No micro‐CT images of the arterial morphology of the brains of these vertebrates were previously published. Micro‐CT imaging was performed on brains that had the cerebral arterial and ventricular systems injected with a radiopaque barium–gelatin compound in the early 1970s. These specimens were dissected and placed in a preservative fluid for 35 years, until imaged with micro‐CT. The obtained micro‐CT images were processed with a software program that provided 3D rotational motion rendering, and sequential display of 2D renderings of the micro‐CT data. The anatomic information provided by the high‐resolution micro‐CT is not reproducible by any other radiopaque contrast currently available, without tissue removal corrosion, and enhanced the dissection information. The digital videos of the micro‐CT 3D rotational motion rendering and sequential display of 2D renderings of the dogfish, bullfrog, and green iguana, demonstrate the extent of the arterial network within the brain, the arterial segments obscured by overlying structures such as nerves, and identified in the bullfrog the venous cerebral circulation resulting from the centrifugal leptomeningeal arterial capillaries. The rotational 3D images separated superimposed arterial structures, and the sequential display of the 2D renderings clarifies the relationship of cut or overlapped arterial branches. Comparing the brain and arterial morphology of the dogfish, bullfrog, and green iguana demonstrates some of the evolutionary modifications in these vertebrates.
Neural network based control charting for multiple stream processes with an application to HVAC systems in passenger railway vehicles
Authors: Lepore Antonio , Palumbo Biagio , Sposito Gianluca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA multiple stream process (MSP) is a process at a point in time that generates several streams of output with a quality variable of interest and specifications that are identical in all streams. In this article, a new control charting framework based on artificial neural networks (NNs), whose performance is prone to be measured in terms of and , is proposed to improve the monitoring of a MSP and the detection of changes in individual streams. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a NN has been applied to the monitoring of a MSP. The performance of the proposed control charting is evaluated through a wide Monte Carlo simulation and is compared with the traditional Mortell and Runger's MSP control charts based on the range statistic. The proposed method's potential is demonstrated by means of a real‐case study in the monitoring of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems installed on board modern trains. TheNN4MSPpackage that implements the proposed monitoring scheme through the software environmentPython, and theHVACdata set are made openly available online athttps://github.com/unina‐sfere/NN4MSPand on PyPI, together with a tutorial that shows how to practically implement the proposed methodology to the real‐case study.
Rad53 arrests leading and lagging strand DNA synthesis via distinct mechanisms in response to DNA replication stress
Authors: He Richard , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDNA replication stress threatens ordinary DNA synthesis. The evolutionarily conserved DNA replication stress response pathway involves sensor kinase Mec1/ATR, adaptor protein Mrc1/Claspin, and effector kinase Rad53/Chk1, which spurs a host of changes to stabilize replication forks and maintain genome integrity. DNA replication forks consist of largely distinct sets of proteins at leading and lagging strands that function autonomously in DNA synthesis in vitro. In this article, we discuss eSPAN and BrdU‐IP‐ssSeq, strand‐specific sequencing technologies that permit analysis of protein localization and DNA synthesis at individual strands in budding yeast. Using these approaches, we show that under replication stress Rad53 stalls DNA synthesis on both leading and lagging strands. On lagging strands, it stimulates PCNA unloading, and on leading strands, it attenuates the replication function of Mrc1‐Tof1. We propose that in doing so, Rad53 couples leading and lagging strand DNA synthesis during replication stress, thereby preventing the emergence of harmful ssDNA.
A zinc (II) complex comprising an aminoethyl‐nitropyridine‐derived N,N,O‐donor Schiff base ligand serves as an efficient ON–OFF probe for Cu(II)
Authors: Sharma Himani , Tamrakar Arpna , Maddeshiya Tarkeshwar , Shakya Pawan Raj , Tiwari Kamal Kant , Pandey Mrituanjay D. , Pandey Rampal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA new fluorescent zinc (II) complex‐based probe1encompassing a Schiff's base (E)‐2‐methoxy‐6‐((2‐[5‐nitropyridin‐2‐ylamino]ethylimino)methyl)phenol (HL) was designed, synthesized, and used for the highly selective detection of Cu2+. LigandHLand complex1were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such as1H,13C‐NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy, high‐resolution mass spectronomy (HRMS), UV/visible light spectroscopy, and fluorescence studies. LigandHLdid not exhibit any considerable change in fluorescence in the presence of various cations. Notably, its Zn(II) complex1exhibited highly selective ‘TURN‐OFF’ fluorescence signalling towards Cu2+that remained uninterrupted with competing analytes. Probe1interacted with Cu2+in 1:2 (1:Cu2+) stoichiometry as estimated through a Job's plot. Moreover, the selectivity of1was further confirmed through the interaction of the1 + Cu2+complex with some possible interfering metal ions inducing an insignificant response. Additionally, the association and quenching constant were determined to be 3.30 × 104 M−1and 0.21 × 105 M−1through the Benesi–Hildebrand method and Stern–Volmer plot, respectively.
A review of extraction methods and analytical techniques for styrene and its metabolites in biological matrices
Authors: Rahimian Fatemeh , Soleimani Esmaeel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe reviewed the toxicokinetics of styrene to introduce reliable surrogates for the biological monitoring of styrene workers. We have also discussed the extraction techniques and analytical methods of styrene and its metabolites. Sample preparation is the main bottleneck of the analytical techniques for styrene and its metabolites. Although some microextraction methods have been developed to overcome such disadvantages, some still have limitations such as long extraction time, fiber swelling and breakage, and the cost and the limited lifetime of the fiber. Among all, microextraction by packed sorbents, coupled with HPLC with ultraviolet detection (MEPS‐HPLC‐UV), can be the method of choice for determining styrene metabolites. Few studies investigated unchanged styrene in breath samples. Chemical determination of styrene in exhaled breath provides new insights into organ toxicity in workers with inhalation exposures and can be considered a fascinating tool in risk assessment strategies. Taking blood samples is invasive and less accepted by workers. In contrast, breath analysis is the most attractive method for workers because breath samples are easy to collect and non‐invasive, and sample collection does not require the transfer of workers to health facilities. Therefore, developing selective and sensitive methods for determining styrene in breath samples is recommended for future studies.
Differentiable Formation of Chiroptical Lanthanide Heterometallic LnnLn’4‐n(L6) (n=0–4) Tetrahedra with C2‐Symmetrical Bis(tridentate) Ligands
Authors: Yim King‐Him , Yeung Chi‐Tung , Wong Melody Yee‐Man , Probert Michael R. , Law Ga‐Lai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConstruction of lanthanide heterometallic complex is important for engineering multifunction molecular containers. However, it remains a challenge because of the similar ionic radii of lanthanides. Herein we attempt to prepare chiral lanthanide heterometallic tetrahedra. Upon crystallization with a mixture of [Eu2L3] and [Ln2L3] (Ln=Gd, Tb and Dy) helicates, a mixture of heterometallic EunLn’4‐n(L6) (n=0–4) tetrahedra was prepared. Selective formation of heterometallic tetrahedron was observed as MS deconvolution results deviated from statistical results. The formation of heterometallic tetrahedron was found to be sensitive to ionic radii as well as the ratio of the two helicates used in the crystallization.
Different degradation patterns and mechanisms of chiral contaminant enantiomers: beta‐cypermethrin as a case study
Authors: Chen Min , Yang Zhong‐Hua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStudies often neglect the differences between enantiomers in soil chiral contaminants, and the molecular ecological mechanisms involved in enantiomer selective degradation behaviors remain elusive. In the present study, we used the stepwise regression analysis to establish the quantitative relationships between degradation rates and genes that determine different degradation patterns and mechanisms among enantiomers; and beta‐cypermethrin (BCYM) was chosen as the target analyte. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated the relationships established for different enantiomers varied even under the same conditions, and results from path analysis showed the same functional gene exhibited different direct and indirect contributions to different enantiomer degradation rates. The genome and primary microbial communities during different enantiomer degradation rates were also analyzed based on Illumina MiSeq next‐generation sequencing technology, and the results indicated the soil microbial community structure and abundance varied during different enantiomer degradation rates. Results from this study served to enhance our understanding of the molecular biological mechanisms of chiral contaminant selective degradation behaviors under the context of functional genes and degrading microorganisms.
A new chiral stationary phase based on noscapine: Synthesis, enantioseparation, and docking study
Authors: Mousavimanesh Zohreh , Shahnani Mostafa , Faraji‐Shovey Amirmohammad , Bararjanian Morteza , Sadr Ahmad Shahir , Ghassempour Alireza , Salehi Peyman 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNoscapine is an isolated compound from the opium poppy, with distinctive chiral structure and chemistry, interacts with other compounds due to having multiple π‐acceptors, hydrogen bond acceptors, and ionic sites. Therefore, it has promising applicability for the enantioselective separation of a wide range of polar, acidic, basic, and neutral compounds. A new noscapine derivative chiral stationary phase (ND‐CSP) has been synthesized by consecutive N‐demethylation, reduction, and N‐propargylation of noscapine followed by attachment of a solid epoxy‐functionalized silica bed through the 1,3‐dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition. The noscapine derivative‐based stationary phase provides a considerable surface coverage, which is greater than some commercial CSPs and can validate better enantioresolution performance. The major advantages inherent to this chiral selector are stability, reproducibility after more than 200 tests, and substantial loading capacity. The characterization by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis indicated successful functionalization of the silica surface. Chromatographic method conditions like flow rate and mobile phase composition for enantioseparation of various compounds such as warfarin, propranolol, mandelic acid, and a sulfanilamide derivative were optimized. Comparing the experimental results with docking data revealed a clear correlation between the calculated binding energy of ND‐CSP and each enantiomer with the resolution of enantiomer peaks.
The COVID‐19 infection control response at a large stand‐alone comprehensive cancer center in Los Angeles County
Authors: Battey Hannah , Doran Brenna , Flood Annemarie , Nussbaum Juliet , Seto Tyler , Srisatidnarakul Suwannee , Tegtmeier Bernard , Dadwal Sanjeet 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe City of Hope National Medical Center (COH) is the only stand‐alone comprehensive cancer center in Los Angeles, a county that was deemed a COVID‐19 pandemic epicenter at the height of the 2020 winter surge. The immunocompromised patient population frequently experienced delays in infection control guidelines from local and government bodies due to minimal data available in comparison to the general population. This required COH to make swift, informed decisions for the best interest of the patient population.AimHere, we review the comprehensive COVID‐19 infection control response conducted at COH within the context of a high‐risk patient population, predominately comprised of patients with hematologic malignancies.Methods and ResultsThis infection control response focused on prevention of COVID‐19 transmission on campus, COVID‐19 testing, and isolation management. These efforts consisted of COVID‐19 screening, limitation of personnel on campus, source control, contact tracing, COVID‐19 vaccination, establishment of in‐house testing and implementation and management of COVID‐19 testing. Between January 2020 and September 2021, COH implemented a robust in‐house testing program, completed well over 1000 contact traces, ensured COVID‐19 vaccinations were distributed to all eligible staff and patients, and established an algorithm for COVID‐19 infection resolution, all without compromising the number of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HCTs) performed, surgical volume, or healthcare‐associated standardized infection ratios (SIR).ConclusionInstitutional collaboration and attention to infection control was pivotal to minimizing the burden of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Parallel Controlled, Single‐Dose Phase I Study Comparing the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Immunogenicity of the Infliximab Biosimilar CMAB008 and the Reference Product in Healthy Chinese Male Subjects
Authors: Zhou Ruirui , Chen Qian , Hou Sheng , Guo Huaizu , Li Jing , Qian Weizhu , Wang Hao , Ou Lun , Chen XiaoFei , Jiang Fan , Jia Jingying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and immunogenicity of the infliximab biosimilar CMAB008 compared to the reference product (Remicade) in healthy Chinese male subjects to provide the basis for the similarity evaluation of the 2 drugs. In this phase I randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐controlled, single‐dose study, a total of 90 subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive CMAB008 or infliximab reference product with single intravenous injections (5 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected at designed time points for PK and immunogenicity assessment. If the 90%CI of the geometric mean ratio of area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to the time of the last observation, maximum observed plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to infinity was completely within the range of 80% to 125%, the PK bioequivalence was established. Other PK parameters including time to maximum plasma concentration, half‐life time, clearance, apparent volume of distribution, and last measurable concentration time point were also assessed. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded. Serum concentration–time profiles were similar across the 2 groups, and PK parameters were comparable in the 2 groups. The 90%CI of the geometric mean ratio of test to reference was within the predefined bioequivalence range of 80% to 125%. The AEs occurred similarly in 2 groups. One serious AE (rhabdomyolysis, grade 3) occurred in the test group. The total positive rates of antidrug antibody and neutralizing antibodies in the test group (85.7% and 5.6%, respectively) were numerically lower than infliximab reference product group (90.9% and 15%, respectively). The PK profile of the 2 groups is statistically equivalent. The preliminary safety and immunogenicity evaluation of the 2 drugs are comparable.