bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compositional complementarity between genomic RNA and coat proteins in positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses
Authors: Adlhart Marlene , Poetsch Florian , Hlevnjak Mario , Hoogmoed Megan , Polyansky Anton A , Zagrovic Bojan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During packaging in positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses, coat proteins (CPs) interact directly with multiple regions in genomic RNA (gRNA), but the underlying physicochemical principles remain unclear. Here we analyze the high-resolution cryo-EM structure of bacteriophage MS2 and show that the gRNA/CP binding sites, including the known packaging signal, overlap significantly with regions where gRNA nucleobase-density profiles match the corresponding CP nucleobase-affinity profiles. Moreover, we show that the MS2 packaging signal corresponds to the global minimum in gRNA/CP interaction energy in the unstructured state as derived using a linearly additive model and knowledge-based nucleobase/amino-acid affinities. Motivated by this, we predict gRNA/CP interaction sites for a comprehensive set of 1082 +ssRNA viruses. We validate our predictions by comparing them with site-resolved information on gRNA/CP interactions derived in SELEX and CLIP experiments for 10 different viruses. Finally, we show that in experimentally studied systems CPs frequently interact with autologous coding regions in gRNA, in agreement with both predicted interaction energies and a recent proposal that proteins in general tend to interact with own mRNAs, if unstructured. Our results define a self-consistent framework for understanding packaging in +ssRNA viruses and implicate interactions between unstructured gRNA and CPs in the process.
Patient Versus Clinician Proxy Reliability of the AM-PAC “6-Clicks” Basic Mobility and Daily Activity Short Forms
Authors: Johnson Joshua K , Lapin Brittany , Bethoux Francois , Skolaris Alexis , Katzan Irene , Stilphen Mary 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to test the reliability of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) “6-Clicks” mobility and activity short forms between patients and therapist proxies. As a secondary aim, reliability was examined when patients completed their self-report before versus after the therapist evaluation.

Methods
Patients being seen for an initial physical therapist (N = 70) or occupational therapist (N = 71) evaluation in the acute care hospital completed the “6-Clicks” mobility short form (if a physical therapist evaluation) or activity short form (if an occupational therapist evaluation). Whether patients completed their self-assessment before or after the evaluation was randomized. Patient- and therapist-rated “6-Clicks” raw scores were converted to AM-PAC T-scores for comparison. Reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman plots, and agreement was assessed with weighted kappa values.

Results
The ICCs for the “6-Clicks” mobility and daily activity short forms were 0.57 (95% CI = 0.42–0.69) and 0.45 (95% CI = 0.28–0.59), respectively. For both short forms, reliability was higher when the patient completed the self-assessment after versus before the therapist evaluation (ICC = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.47–0.80 vs ICC = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.26–0.67 for the mobility short form; and ICC = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.29–0.70 vs ICC = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.06–0.56 for the activity short form).

Conclusion
Reliability of the “6-Clicks” total scores was moderate for both the mobility and activity short forms, though higher for the mobility short form and when patients’ self-report occurred after the therapist evaluation.

Impact
Reliability of the AM-PAC “6-Clicks” short forms is moderate when comparing scores from patients with those of therapists responding as proxies. The short forms are useful for measuring participants’ function in the acute care hospital; however, it is critical to recognize limitations in reliability between clinician- and patient-reported AM-PAC scores when evaluating longitudinal change and recovery.
HAG Effector Evolution in Pyricularia Species and Plant Cell Death Suppression by HAG4
Authors: Chen Meilian , Farmer Nick , Zhong Zhenhui , Zheng Wenhui , Tang Wei , Han Yijuan , Lu Guodong , Wang Zonghua , Ebbole Daniel J. 
Published: March 2022

Seventy host-adapted gene ( HAG) effector family members from Pyricularia species are found in P. oryzae and three closely related species (isolates LS and 18-2 from an unknown Pyricularia sp., P. grisea, and P. pennisetigena) that share at least eight orthologous HAG family members with P. oryzae. The genome sequence of a more distantly related species, P. penniseti, lacks HAG genes, suggesting a time frame for the origin of the gene family in the genus . In P. oryzae, HAG4 is uniquely found in the genetic lineage that contains populations adapted to Setaria and Oryza hosts. We find a nearly identical HAG4 allele in a P. grisea isolate, suggesting transfer of HAG4 from P. grisea to P. oryzae. HAG4 encodes a suppressor of plant cell death. Yeast two-hybrid screens with several HAG genes independently identify common interacting clones from a rice complementary DNA library, suggesting conservation of protein surface motifs between HAG homologs with as little as 40% protein sequence identity. HAG family orthologs have diverged rapidly and HAG15 orthologs display unusually high rates of sequence divergence compared with adjacent genes suggesting gene-specific accelerated divergence. The sequence diversity of the HAG homologs in Pyricularia species provides a resource for examining mechanisms of gene family evolution and the relationship to structural and functional evolution of HAG effector family activity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Cold Exposure Memory Reduces Pathogen Susceptibility in Arabidopsis Based on a Functional Plastid Peroxidase System
Authors: Griebel Thomas , Schütte Dominic , Ebert Alina , Nguyen H. Hung , Baier Margarete 
Published: March 2022

Chloroplasts serve as cold priming hubs modulating the transcriptional response of Arabidopsis thaliana to a second cold stimulus for several days by postcold accumulation of thylakoid ascorbate peroxidases (tAPX). In an attempt to investigate cross-priming effects of cold on plant pathogen protection, we show here that such a single 24-h cold treatment at 4°C decreased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but did not alter resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1 and P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4 strains or the effector-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato strain hrcC−. The effect of cold priming against P. syringae pv. tomato was active immediately after cold exposure and memorized for at least 5 days. The priming benefit was established independent of the immune regulator Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) or activation of the immune-related genes NHL10, FRK1, ICS1 and PR1 but required thylakoid-bound as well as stromal ascorbate peroxidase activities because the effect was absent or weak in corresponding knock-out-lines. Suppression of tAPX postcold regulation in a conditional-inducible tAPX-RNAi line led to increased bacterial growth numbers. This highlights that the plant immune system benefits from postcold regeneration of the protective chloroplast peroxidase system. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Early Physiological Plant Response and Systemic Effects of Huanglongbing Infection in Split-Root Plants
Authors: Pulici Jeane Dayse V. S. , Murata Mayara M. , Johnson Evan G. 
Published: March 2022

Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), is a devastating disease of citrus. After initial infection, CLas quickly colonizes the root system before canopy symptoms develop. There is limited understanding of CLas movement from roots to canopy and local and systemic effects on root dynamics. Using split-root rhizoboxes and late summer below-the-split bud inoculation, effects of local infection on systemic disease development were studied. Upward bacterial movement from roots is linked to seasonal flushes and CLas population in roots. CLas stayed isolated to one side of the roots for at least 8 months, until the spring flush. HLB caused differential root responses depending on tree age at infection. Systemic effects, independent of CLas movement, occur very early after infection. Stimulation of root growth occurred on noninfected roots prior to CLas detection in 1.5-year-old trees but decreased in 2.5-year-old trees. Independent of tree age, root growth was stimulated during spring root flushes after CLas population stabilized. Root dieback began simultaneously with detection of CLas in roots (6 weeks postinoculation). Infection and tree age altered root lifespan. In total, 1.5-year-old CLas-infected roots from summer and fall flushes had 3 and 6 weeks reduced lifespan. In contrast, 2.5-year-old CLas-infected plants lifespan was unaffected. Season affected root lifespan with late summer root flush lifespan was three times shorter than fall or spring root flushes. Split-root inoculation allowed study of local and systemic effects of CLas infection in roots, information crucial to prolonging the productivity of HLB-affected trees. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
New Adjunct Therapy for Elevated Lipid Levels
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: March 2022

Inclisiran (Leqvio) has been approved as adjunct therapy, along with diet and statin therapy, to treat adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who require additional reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol despite maximal statin therapy.Inclisiran is administered subcutaneously by a nurse or other health care provider.
First Drug to Reduce Proteinuria in Berger's Disease
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: March 2022

Budesonide (Tarpeyo) has received accelerated approval to reduce proteinuria in adults with primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease.Nurses should assess if any coprescribed drugs could induce a drug–drug interaction via the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme system. Because budesonide causes immunosuppression, patients are at high risk for developing infections and should be told to avoid anyone who is known to have an infection.
Self-Administered Test Is Useful in Detecting Cognitive Changes
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: March 2022

According to this study:

The Self-Administered Gerocognitive Examination detected significant changes at least six months earlier than the Mini–Mental State Examination in patients with mild cognitive impairment who later developed dementia and in those who had Alzheimer disease dementia.Use of the brief, self-administered test may remove some barriers to identifying cognitive changes.
Prevalence of Anosmia in 10.157 Pediatric COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Elvan-Tuz Aysegul , Karadag-Oncel Eda , Kiran Sibel , Kanik-Yuksek Saliha , Gulhan Belgin , Hacimustafaoglu Mustafa , Ozdem-Alatas Silem , Kuyucu Necdet , Ozdemir Halil , Egil Oguz , Elmas-Bozdemir Sefika , Polat Meltem , Bursal-Duramaz Burcu , Cem Ela , Apaydin Gozde , Teksam Ozlem ,   on behalf of the TURK-COVID-19-Anosmia Study Group
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
COVID-19-related anosmia is a remarkable and disease-specific finding. With this multicenter cohort study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anosmia in pediatric cases with COVID-19 from Turkey and make an objective assessment with a smell awareness questionnaire.

Material and Methods:
This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted with pediatric infection clinics in 37 centers in 19 different cities of Turkey between October 2020 and March 2021. The symptoms of 10.157 COVID-19 cases 10–18 years old were examined. Age, gender, other accompanying symptoms, and clinical severity of the disease of cases with anosmia and ageusia included in the study were recorded. The cases were interviewed for the smell awareness questionnaire at admission and one month after the illness.

Results:
Anosmia was present in 12.5% (1.266/10.157) of COVID-19 cases 10-18 years of age. The complete records of 1053 patients followed during the study period were analyzed. The most common symptoms accompanying symptoms with anosmia were ageusia in 885 (84%) cases, fatigue in 534 cases (50.7%), and cough in 466 cases (44.3%). Anosmia was recorded as the only symptom in 84 (8%) of the cases. One month later, it was determined that anosmia persisted in 88 (8.4%) cases. In the smell awareness questionnaire, the score at admission was higher than the score one month later (P < 0.001).

Discussion:
With this study, we have provided the examination of a large case series across Turkey. Anosmia and ageusia are specific symptoms seen in cases of COVID-19. With the detection of these symptoms, it should be aimed to isolate COVID-19 cases in the early period and reduce the spread of the infection. Such studies are important because the course of COVID-19 in children differs from adults and there is limited data on the prevalence of anosmia.
Implications of Involuntary Psychiatric Admission
Authors: Iudici Antonio , Girolimetto Riccardo , Bacioccola Eleonora , Faccio Elena , Turchi Gianpiero 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Involuntary psychiatric admission is an increasing, widespread practice adopted throughout the world; however, its legal regulation and practice are still under debate, and it is subject to criticism from the human rights point of view. Only a few studies have strictly focused on the outcomes and subsequent treatment implications of this practice. To perform a scoping review of the literature on involuntary psychiatric admission and systematize and summarize its outcomes and implications for adult psychiatric inpatients.
Four overarching issues emerged from the studies: a) symptomatological repercussions, b) impacts on treatment before discharge, c) impacts on treatment after discharge, and d) implications on patients' attitudes, behavior, and functioning. The overall evidence suggested correlations between involuntary psychiatric admission and several implications: length of stay, aggressive behavior, occurrence of psychopathologies, uses of coercive measures, psychiatric service activations after discharge, emotive reactions, and quality of life. The proposal presented here is the major involvement of the patient and of all the other actors involved during the entire treatment process to promote a shift from a delegation perspective to a negotiation perspective in the management of involuntary psychiatric admission.
Quo Vadis Psychiatry? Why It Is Time to Endorse Evolutionary Theory
Authors: Brüne Martin , Palanza Paola , Parmigiani Stefano , Troisi Alfonso 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In recent decades, psychiatry and the neurosciences have made little progress in terms of preventing, diagnosing, classifying, or treating mental disorders. Here we argue that the dilemma of psychiatry and the neurosciences is, in part, based on fundamental misconceptions about the human mind, including misdirected nature-nurture debates, the lack of definitional concepts of “normalcy,” distinguishing defense from defect, disregarding life history theory, evolutionarily uninformed genetic and epigenetic research, the “disconnection” of the brain from the rest of the body, and lack of attention to actual behavior in real-world interactions. All these conceptual difficulties could potentially benefit from an approach that uses evolutionary theory to improve the understanding of causal mechanisms, gene-environment interaction, individual differences in behavioral ecology, interaction between the gut (and other organs) and the brain, as well as cross-cultural and across-species comparison. To foster this development would require reform of the curricula of medical schools.
Implementing Evidence Informed Practice Changes
Authors: Smith-Miller Cheryl A. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE
This study examined nurses' perspectives about the barriers and facilitators to implementing research findings and evidence into practice.

BACKGROUND
Work environments play an essential role in implementation and innovation; however, much of the research regarding evidence-based practice focuses on nurses' knowledge and skills, leaving the work environments unexamined.

METHODS
A mixed method survey design was used. Data collection included an electronic survey and open questions. Analysis included descriptive statistics and narrative analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

RESULTS
Attitudes about implementing evidence into practice were positive. Identified barriers included lack of time and knowledge, change fatigue, and complex internal processes; facilitators included supportive colleagues, knowledgeable mentors, and access to libraries and other resources.

CONCLUSIONS
Implementing evidence into practice is facilitated by committing organizational resources, fostering supportive work environments, integrating evidence into quality improvement projects, offering continuing education, and reducing the complexity of translating evidence into practice and the number of institution-wide initiatives.
Chronic Fatigue Predicts Hospital Nurse Turnover Intentions
Authors: Rutledge Dana N. , Douville Sarah , Winokur Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of workforce engagement factors on hospital nurse turnover intentions.

BACKGROUND
Nurse turnover intentions are impacted by occupational fatigue and burnout, which are differentially impacted by fatigue, meaning and joy in work, and work-related resilience.

METHODS
One hundred fifty-one nurses from a southwestern hospital completed online surveys. Path analyses evaluated relationships among variables.

RESULTS
Chronic occupational fatigue was the only significant predictor of turnover intentions among nurses. Although strongly associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (burnout components), burnout did not predict turnover intention. High levels of chronic fatigue predicted lower meaning and joy in work and lower work-related resilience. Although significantly correlated, meaning and joy in work and resilience did not predict total burnout scores when analyzed in causal models.

CONCLUSIONS
Nurse administrators should focus efforts on factors such as chronic occupational fatigue that are likely to impact nurses' decisions to leave their positions.
Isometric, dynamic, and manual muscle strength measures and their association with cycling performance in elite para–cyclists
Authors: Liljedahl Johanna B. , Arndt Anton , Nooijen Carla F. , Bjerkefors Anna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Para–cycling classification aims to generate fair competition by discriminating between levels of activity limitation. This study investigated the relationship between lower limb Manual Muscle Tests (MMT) with ratio–scaled measures of isometric and dynamic strength, and of the ratio–scaled measures with cycling performance.

Design
Fifty–six para–cyclists (44 males, 12 females) with leg impairments performed isometric and dynamic strength tests: leg push and pull, and an all–out 20 s sprint. MMT results were obtained from the classification database (n = 21) and race speeds from time trials (n = 54).

Results
Regression analyses showed significant associations of MMT with isometric push (R2 = .49), dynamic push (R2 = .35), and dynamic pull (R2 = .28). Isometric strength was significantly correlated with dynamic push (ρ = .63) and pull (ρ = .54). The isometric and dynamic tests were significantly associated with sprint power and race speed (R2 = .16–.50).

Conclusion
The modified MMT and ratio–scaled measures were significantly associated. The significant relation of isometric and dynamic strength with sprint power and race speed maps the impact of lower limb impairments on para–cycling performance. MMT and the isometric and dynamic measures show potential for use in para–cycling classification.
Understanding Breast Implant–Associated Illness: A Delphi Survey Defining Most Frequently Associated Symptoms
Authors: de Vries Claire E. E. , Kaur Manraj N. , Klassen Anne F. , Sommers Katie , Hume Keith M. , Pusic Andrea L. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Increased understanding of the constellation of symptoms referred to as breast implant illness is necessary to better address patient concerns, provide evidence-based care, and inform prospective patients about potential risks. The aim of this study was to reach consensus on the symptoms most frequently associated with breast implant illness, which will subsequently inform the development of a symptom severity scale.

Methods:
A literature search of peer-reviewed and gray literature was performed to identify a comprehensive list of symptoms associated with breast implant illness. This was followed by an online, three-round, modified Delphi survey where the list of symptoms was reviewed by an international panel to determine the top 20, 10, and five symptoms associated with breast implant illness. A virtual meeting of panelists was held to reach consensus on the symptoms to be included in a symptom severity scale.

Results:
A total of 44 symptoms were identified through the literature search. The modified Delphi survey panel consisted of patient research partners [n = 9 (34.6 percent)], plastic surgeons [n = 10 (38.5 percent)], researchers [n = 6 (23.1 percent)], and a member of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration [n = 1 (3.8 percent)]. The response rates of round 1, 2, and 3 were 85, 96, and 100 percent, respectively. Consensus was reached on the top 19 and top six symptoms to be included in long and short forms of a symptom severity scale.

Conclusions:
There was a high level of agreement on the symptoms to be included in a symptom severity scale. The next steps include conducting in-depth qualitative interviews with women with these symptoms and breast implants to understand the experience and impact of these symptoms and develop the preliminary scale.
Study on enzyme activity inhibition mechanism of Thiobacillus denitrification intracellular enzyme to sulfate-reducing bacteria intracellular enzyme
Authors: Qiu Lina , Tian Jin , Zhang Weiwei , Gong Aijun , Zhao Weiyu 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are recognized by scholars as the most important class of bacteria leading to corrosion of metal materials. It is important to use the properties of microorganisms to inhibit the growth of SRB in the corrosion protection of metal materials and to protect the environment.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, the behavior of anaerobic Thiobacillus denitrificans (TDN) intracellular enzyme inhibition of SRB corrosion of EH36 steel was investigated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, biological detection technology and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Findings
Results showed that the SRB crude intracellular enzyme affected the corrosion behavior of EH36 steel greatly and the purified TDN intracellular enzyme inhibits SRB intracellular enzyme corrosion to EH36 steel.

Originality/value
A perfect enzyme activity inhibition mechanism will provide theoretical guidance for the selection and application of anticorrosion microorganisms, which is of scientific significance in the field of microbial anticorrosion research.