bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of 3D surface profilometer in single cut sample inspection
Authors: Du Wenbo , Li Jiangang , Hu Chang’an , Lv Fei , Cai Dongyan , Ouyang Hongmei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As a non-contact measuring instrument, 3D surface profilometer has many advantages such as high precision, good repeatability and high visualization, and has become the mainstream measuring equipment in the field of micro and nano detection. Single cut line sample, multi cut line sample and step sample have important applications in micro/nano calibration field. In this paper, 3D surface profilometer is used to measure two kinds of samples. The results are compared with those obtained by National Institute of Metrology. The results show that the results are similar to those obtained by other measuring equipment, which proves the powerful function of 3D surface profilometer.
Nonlinear vibration characteristics of gear-rotor-bearing system
Authors: Huang Fengyun , Wang Xinqiang , Fu Hao , Sima Lixuan , Cui Yue 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Based on the Timoshenko beam element model in the finite element theory and the lumped mass method, the meshing dynamics equation of helical gears was established considering the time-varying meshing stiffness of helical gears, tooth side clearance, bearing support stiffness and other factors, and the nonlinear dynamics model of the gear-rotor-bearing system was established. Through the analysis of the dynamics model, meshing stiffness, backlash and the influence of bearing stiffness for the system vibration characteristics, studies have shown that the bearing stiffness for the purpose of this article studies the effect to the stability of the main reducer system transmission, vibration noise of the gear-rotor-bearing system parameter selection, and provides theory basis for diagnosis.
Directions Dependence Research on the Equivalent Young’s Moduli of An Octet-truss Lattice Materials
Authors: Wei Nan , Ye Hongling , Zhang Xing , Li Jicheng , Yuan Boshuai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An octet-truss lattice material offers promising potential alternatives for foams or honeycomb structures due to its high specific properties. However, previous studies mainly focused on the elastic properties in the principal directions. The equivalent Young’s moduli of an octet-truss lattice along arbitrary directions are studied systematically. Based on tensor transformations, the equivalent Young’s moduli are obtained along different loading directions, and they are intensively dependent on the directions of the load. And the loading direction of the maximum equivalent Young’s modulus is always in a flat surface perpendicular to the xy surface at α = (45+90n) deg, and β = ±35.26°. In addition, the equivalent Young’s moduli increase with the growth of the slender ratios along all directions.
Preparation and applications of the polymeric micelle by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA)
Authors: Pei Shen , Tu Daizheng , Wan Chenwei , Yin Juntong , Yuan Quan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) has a high solid content, simple operating steps, and can generally achieve high conversion to monomers in a short time, which has been widely used in the preparation and adjusting to morphologies of polymer micelles self-assembly. In this article, the preparation and applications of the polymeric micelle synthesized by PISA were reviewed. The particle morphology can be adjusted by a variety of active polymerizations with different initiation mechanisms in the preparation of polymer micelles. Among them, free radical active polymerization is more practical. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) were highlighted. Additionally, different shapes such as spheres, worms, and vesicles can be obtained by RAFT in the preparation of nano-objects fields. Researchers construct the phase diagram to get the pure phase for applications. As one form produced by PISA, polymeric micelles are usually artificial nanoreactors for a series of organic and inorganic catalysis and can be used as drug delivery and target agents. Due to the increase in the ultimate tensile strength, RAFT is an optimal technique to produce thermoplastic elastomers.
Force model of two-flute continuous milling based on tool deflection
Authors: lin Jiantong , Liu Can , Xie Bingsheng , Liu Huanlao , Yin Ningxia , Zhou Benzheng , Zhou Qunlong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Accurate modeling of the instantaneous uncut chip thickness is one of the key issues in milling mechanics. Although most current cutting force models take into account the effects of tool deflection and tool run-out, they only consider single-edge continuous milling processes and do not consider processes where multiple edges are simultaneously engaged in milling. Considering the tool runout and tool deflection that affect the end milling process, a novel uncut chip thickness algorithm based on two-flute continuous milling is proposed in this paper, and an analytical force model for actual milling is established. There is no need to use iterative methods, and the predictive power can be obtained by solving a linear system of equations, so the computational cost is greatly reduced. At the same time, stainless steel 316 was processed, and the experimental results showed that the predicted force was in good agreement with the measured force.
Convolutional neural network for real-time main transformer detection
Authors: Zhou Li , Shi Tongqin , Huang Songquan , Ke Fangchao , Huang Zhenxi , Zhang Zhaoyang , Liang Jinzheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
For substation constructions, the main transformer is the dominant electrical equipment, and its arrival and operation affect the progress of project directly. In the context of smart grid construction, in order to improve the efficiency of real-time main transformer detection, this paper proposes an identification and detection method based on the SSD algorithm. The SSD algorithm is able to extract the target device (such as main transformer) accurately and the Lenet algorithm module can analyse the features contained in the image. To improve the accuracy of the detection method, the image migration algorithm of VGG-Net is used to expand the negative samples of main transformers to improve the generalisation of the algorithm. Finally, the image set collected in the real substation projects is used for validation, and result shows that the method identifies main transformers more accurately, with high effectiveness and feasibility.
Reciprocating probe measurements in the test divertor operation phase of Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Killer C. , Drews P. , Grulke O. , Knieps A. , Nicolai D. , Satheeswaran G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reciprocating probes are a classic and widespread tool for
the investigation of the edge and Scrape-Off Layer of magnetic
fusion plasmas. In the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator, the
Multi-Purpose Manipulator serves as a multi-user platform for
probe measurements of various kinds. This paper presents a review on
reciprocating probe operation during the first operation phase of
W7-X with a test divertor (2017–2018). It gives an overview of the
diverse zoo of probe heads and presents lessons learned about probe
operation in complex magnetic geometries, operation safety, and
probe head design. A few examples of probe measurements with a focus
on unexpected observations are presented, e.g. indications for
supra-thermal electrons and the propagation of plasma perturbations
due to biased probes.
Multidecadal variation of northern hemisphere summer monsoon forced by the SST inter-hemispheric dipole
Authors: Xue Jiaqing , Wang Bingchao , Yu Yongkui , Li Jianping , Sun Cheng , Mao Jiangyu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sea surface temperature inter-hemispheric dipole (SSTID) is an important variability mode of global SST anomalies, characterized by an anti-phase variation of SST between the two hemispheres. In this study, the decadal variation of the northern hemisphere summer monsoon (NHSM) is found to be strongly regulated by the SSTID, with positive (negative) phases of the SSTID corresponding to the strengthening (weakening) of NHSM. Both observation and SST-forced atmospheric model simulations suggest that the SSTID related thermal forcing modulates the NHSM by causing planetary-scale atmospheric circulation adjustments. Positive SSTID events lead to coherent increase (decrease) of surface air temperature over the entire northern (southern) hemisphere, increasing the inter-hemispheric thermal contrast (ITC). As sea level pressure changes are just opposite to air temperature, the increase of ITC enhances the inter-hemispheric pressure gradient (southern hemisphere minus northern hemisphere), leading to the strengthening of summer monsoonal circulation and the increase of monsoon rainfall in the northern hemisphere.
Climate drivers of global wildfire burned area
Authors: Grillakis Manolis , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Rovithakis Anastasios , Seiradakis Konstantinos D , Koutroulis Aristeidis , Field Robert D , Kasoar Matthew , Papadopoulos Athanasios , Lazaridis Mihalis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWildfire is an integral part of the Earth system, but at the same time it can pose serious threats to human society and to certain types of terrestrial ecosystems. Meteorological conditions are a key driver of wildfire activity and extent, which led to the emergence of the use of fire danger indices that depend solely on weather conditions. The Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) is a widely used fire danger index of this kind. Here, we evaluate how well the FWI, its components, and the climate variables from which it is derived, correlate with observation-based burned area (BA) for a variety of world regions. We use a novel technique, according to which monthly BA are grouped by size for each Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) pyrographic region. We find strong correlations of BA anomalies with the FWI anomalies, as well as with the underlying deviations from their climatologies for the four climate variables from which FWI is estimated, namely, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and wind. We quantify the relative sensitivity of the observed BA to each of the four climate variables, finding that this relationship strongly depends on the pyrographic region and land type. Our results indicate that the BA anomalies strongly correlate with FWI anomalies at a GFED region scale, compared to the strength of the correlation with individual climate variables. Additionally, among the individual climate variables that comprise the FWI, relative humidity and temperature are the most influential factors that affect the observed BA. Our results support the use of the composite fire danger index FWI, as well as its sub-indices, the Build-Up Index (BUI) and the Initial Spread Index (ISI), comparing to single climate variables, since they are found to correlate better with the observed forest or non-forest BA, for the most regions across the globe.
Putting the green back in greenbacks: opportunities for a truly green stimulus
Authors: Taheripour Farzad , Chepeliev Maksym , Damania Richard , Farole Thomas , Lozano Gracia Nancy , Russ Jason Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCan countries reorient their productive capacity to become more environmentally friendly and inclusive? To investigate this question this paper uses a standard Input-Output modeling framework and data from 141 countries and regions to construct a new global dataset of employment, value-added, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (disaggregated into CO2and Non-CO2elements), and air pollution (including nine categories of air pollutants such as PM2.5) multipliers from supply side investments. We find that many of the traditional sectors in agriculture and industry have large employment multipliers, but also generate male dominant, lower skill employment, and tend to have higher emission multipliers. It is in economies dominated by these sectors that trade-offs to a ‘greener’ transition will emerge most sharply. However, we find a substantial heterogeneity in outcomes, so even in these economies, there exist other sectors with high employment multipliers and low emissions, including sectors that are more conducive to female employment. In addition, we find a high correlation between industries that generate GHG emissions, which cause long term climate impacts, and those that generate air pollution, which have immediate harmful impacts on human health, suggesting that policies could be designed to simultaneously confer longer climate benefits with immediate health improvements. Our results confirm some of the findings from recent research and shed new light on opportunities for greening economies.
Range shifts in a foundation sedge potentially induce large Arctic ecosystem carbon losses and gains
Authors: Curasi Salvatore R , Fetcher Ned , Hewitt Rebecca E , Lafleur Peter M , Loranty Michael M , Mack Michelle C , May Jeremy L , Myers-Smith Isla H , Natali Susan M , Oberbauer Steven F , Parker Thomas C , Sonnentag Oliver , Vargas Zesati Sergio A , Wullschleger Stan D , Rocha Adrian V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foundation species have disproportionately large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. As a result, future changes to their distribution may be important determinants of ecosystem carbon (C) cycling in a warmer world. We assessed the role of a foundation tussock sedge (Eriophorum vaginatum) as a climatically vulnerable C stock using field data, a machine learning ecological niche model, and an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). Field data indicated that tussock density has decreased by ∼0.97 tussocks per m2 over the past ∼38 years on Alaska’s North Slope from ∼1981 to 2019. This declining trend is concerning because tussocks are a large Arctic C stock, which enhances soil organic layer C stocks by 6.9% on average and represents 745 Tg C across our study area. By 2100, we project that changes in tussock density may decrease the tussock C stock by 41% in regions where tussocks are currently abundant (e.g. −0.8 tussocks per m2 and −85 Tg C on the North Slope) and may increase the tussock C stock by 46% in regions where tussocks are currently scarce (e.g. +0.9 tussocks per m2 and +81 Tg C on Victoria Island). These climate-induced changes to the tussock C stock were comparable to, but sometimes opposite in sign, to vegetation C stock changes predicted by an ensemble of TBMs. Our results illustrate the important role of tussocks as a foundation species in determining future Arctic C stocks and highlight the need for better representation of this species in TBMs.
Matrix product solution for a partially asymmetric 1D lattice gas with a free defect
Authors: Lobaskin Ivan , Evans Martin R , Mallick Kirone 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A one-dimensional, driven lattice gas with a freely moving, driven defect particle is studied. Although the dynamics of the defect are simply biased diffusion, it disrupts the local density of the gas, creating nontrivial nonequilibrium steady states. The phase diagram is derived using mean field theory and comprises three phases. In two phases, the defect causes small localized perturbations in the density profile. In the third, it creates a shock, with two regions at different bulk densities. When the hopping rates satisfy a particular condition (that the products of the rates of the gas and defect are equal), it is found that the steady state can be solved exactly using a two-dimensional matrix product ansatz. This is used to derive the phase diagram for that case exactly and obtain exact asymptotic and finite size expressions for the density profiles and currents in all phases. In particular, the front width in the shock phase on a system of size L is found to scale as L
1/2, which is not predicted by mean field theory. The results are found to agree well with Monte Carlo simulations.
Experimental investigation of scrape-off layer blob high density transition in L-mode plasmas on EAST
Authors: WANG Ping , HU Guanghai , YAN Ning , XU Guosheng , MENG Lingyi , LU Zhikang , YU Lin , JIA Manni , WANG Yifeng , CHEN Liang , LAN Heng , LIU Xiang , WU Mingfu , WANG Liang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lithium Beam Emission Spectroscopy systems in the outer midplane and divertor Langmuir probe arrays embedded in the divertor target plates, are utilized to investigate the scrape-off layer (SOL) blob transition and its relation with divertor detachment on EAST. The blob transition in the near SOL is observed during the density ramp-up phase. When the plasma density, normalized to the Greenwald density limit, exceeds a threshold of f
GW ∼ 0.5, the blob size and lifetime increases by 2 – 3 times, while the blob detection rate decreases by about 2 times. In addition, a weak density shoulder is observed in the near SOL region at the same density threshold. Further analysis indicates that the divertor detachment is highly correlated with the blob transition, and the density threshold of blob transition is consistent with that of the access to the outer divertor detachment. The potential physical mechanisms are discussed. These results could be useful for the understanding of plasma-wall interaction issues in future devices that will operate under a detached divertor and high density conditions (over the blob transition threshold).
Severe declines in hydraulic capacity and associated carbon starvation drive mortality in seawater exposed Sitka-spruce (Picea sitchensis) trees
Authors: Wang Wenzhi , Zhang Peipei , Zhang Hongxia , Grossiord Charlotte , Pennington Stephanie C , Norwood Matthew J , Li Weibin , Pivovaroff Alexandria L , Fernández-de-Uña Laura , Leff Riley , Yabusaki Steven B , Waichler Scott , Bailey Vanessa L , Ward Nicholas D , McDowell Nate G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sea-level rise is causing widespread tree mortality of coastal forests, with large consequences on the Earth system as a result of these forests’ importance in carbon and nutrient export. The mechanisms of mortality under these conditions are, however, poorly tested. We used wood anatomy traits, wood δ
13C, and tree radial growth to retrospectively assess the physiological process of seawater effects on whole tree xylem hydraulic capacity, gas exchange, and radial growth. During the latter stages of mortality (2018–2019), we directly measured metrics of water use and carbon metabolism across trees having crowns ranging from fully foliated to completely defoliated to investigate mortality processes at the sub-annual scale. Upon seawater exposure, soil salinity increased and allocation to hydraulic function declined, resulting in a dramatic reduction in water supply to the crown, increased crown-level water stress, and subsequent crown foliage loss. Simultaneously, leaf-level photosynthetic capacity declined steeply with increasing salinity. The combined loss of crown foliage area and photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area promoted carbon starvation, while no evidence of hydraulic failure was observed. These results elucidate mechanisms of coastal forest death under seawater exposure, enabling more accurate modeling in the future.
Dubious pleasures
Authors: González de Prado Javier 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
My aim is to discuss the impact of higher-order evidence on aesthetic appreciation. I suggest that this impact is different with respect to aesthetic beliefs and to aesthetic affective attitudes (such as enjoyment). More specifically, I defend the view that higher-order evidence questioning the reliability of one’s aesthetic beliefs can make it reasonable for one to revise those beliefs. Conversely, in line with a plausible account of emotions, aesthetic affective attitudes are not directly sensitive to this type of higher-order evidence; they are sensitive only to those features of objects that make such attitudes (un)fitting. Thus, I argue, there are cases of non-defective recalcitrant aesthetic attitudes where the subject has both a non-defective, fitting aesthetic affective attitude and a reasonable belief questioning the fittingness of this attitude. I further discuss whether, in this type of case, the subject has decisive reasons to try to change her recalcitrant attitudes—say by trying to modify her aesthetic affective dispositions. My answer is negative. Even granting that subjects always have aesthetic reasons to try to avoid aesthetically unfitting attitudes, these can be outweighed by further reasons not to do so—perhaps including aesthetic reasons related to the construction of valuable aesthetic identities or to the value of aesthetic engagement.
Interventions for self-management of medicines for community-dwelling people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment and their family carers: a systematic review
Authors: Powell Catherine , Tomlinson Justine , Quinn Catherine , Fylan Beth 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their family carers face challenges in managing medicines. How medicine self-management could be supported for this population is unclear. This review identifies interventions to improve medicine self-management for people with dementia and MCI and their family carers, and the core components of medicine self-management that they address.

Methods
a database search was conducted for studies with all research designs and ongoing citation search from inception to December 2021. The selection criteria included community-dwelling people with dementia and MCI and their family carers, and interventions with a minimum of one medicine self-management component. The exclusion criteria were wrong population, not focusing on medicine management, incorrect medicine self-management components, not in English and wrong study design. The results are presented and analysed through narrative synthesis. The review is registered [PROSPERO (CRD42020213302)]. Quality assessment was carried out independently applying the QATSDD quality assessment tool.

Results
13 interventions were identified. Interventions primarily addressed adherence. A limited number focused on a wider range of medicine self-management components. Complex psychosocial interventions with frequent visits considered the person’s knowledge and understanding, supply management, monitoring effects and side effects and communicating with healthcare professionals, and addressed more resilience capabilities. However, these interventions were delivered to family carers alone. None of the interventions described patient and public involvement.

Conclusion
interventions, and measures to assess self-management, need to be developed which can address all components of medicine self-management to better meet the needs of people with dementia and MCI and their family carers.