bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual role of Ovol2 on the germ cell lineage segregation during gastrulation in mouse embryogenesis
Authors: Naitou Yuki , Nagamatsu Go , Hamazaki Nobuhiko , Shirane Kenjiro , Hayashi Masafumi , Hayashi Makoto , Kobayashi Satoru , Hayashi Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
In mammals, primordial germ cells (PGCs), the origin of the germ line, are specified from the epiblast at the posterior region where gastrulation simultaneously occurs, yet the functional relationship between PGC specification and gastrulation remains unclear. Here, we show that OVOL2, a transcription factor conserved across the animal kingdom, balances these major developmental processes by repressing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that drives gastrulation and the upregulation of genes associated with PGC specification. Ovol2a, a splice variant encoding a repressor domain, directly regulates EMT-related genes and, consequently, induces re-acquisition of potential pluripotency during PGC specification, whereas Ovol2b, another splice variant missing the repressor domain, directly upregulates genes associated with PGC specification. Taken together, these results elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying allocation of the germ line among epiblast cells differentiating into somatic cells through gastrulation.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Crowd density estimation using deep learning for Hajj pilgrimage video analytics
Authors: BHUIYAN MD ROMAN , Abdullah Dr Junaidi , Hashim Dr Noramiza , Farid Fahmid Al , Uddin Dr Jia , Abdullah Norra , Samsudin Dr Mohd Ali 
Published: January 2022

Background: This paper focuses on advances in crowd control study with an emphasis on high-density crowds, particularly Hajj crowds. Video analysis and visual surveillance have been of increasing importance in order to enhance the safety and security of pilgrimages in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Hajj is considered to be a particularly distinctive event, with hundreds of thousands of people gathering in a small space, which does not allow a precise analysis of video footage using advanced video and computer vision algorithms. This research proposes an algorithm based on a Convolutional Neural Networks model specifically for Hajj applications. Additionally, the work introduces a system for counting and then estimating the crowd density. Methods: The model adopts an architecture which detects each person in the crowd, spots head location with a bounding box and does the counting in our own novel dataset (HAJJ-Crowd). Results: Our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art method, and attains a remarkable Mean Absolute Error result of 200 (average of 82.0 improvement) and Mean Square Error of 240 (average of 135.54 improvement). Conclusions: In our new HAJJ-Crowd dataset for evaluation and testing, we have a density map and prediction results of some standard methods.
Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC) natural extract: assessment of the synthesis process.
Authors: Kaningini Gabriel Amani , Azizi Shohreh , Nyoni Hlengilizwe , Mudau Fhatuwani Nixwel , Mohale Keletso Cecilia , Maaza Malik 
Published: January 2022

Background: Nanoparticles are globally synthesized for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, catalytic, magnetic, optical, and electronic properties that have put them at the forefront of a wide variety of studies. Among them, zinc oxide (ZnO) has received much consideration due to its technological and medicinal applications. In this study, we report on the synthesis process of ZnO nanoparticles using Athrixia phylicoides DC natural extract as a reducing agent. Methods: Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify the compounds responsible for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results: LC-MS results showed that different flavonoids and polyphenols, as well as Coumarin, an aromatic compound, reacted with the precursor to form ZnO nanoparticles. XRD and UV-Vis analysis confirmed the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, with a spherical shape showed in SEM images. The quasi-spherical ZnO crystals had an average crystallite size of 24 nm. EDS and FTIR analysis confirmed that the powders were pure with no other phase or impurity. Conclusions: This study successfully demonstrated that the natural plant extract of A. phylicoides DC. can be used in the bio-reduction of zinc nitrate hexahydrate to prepare pure ZnO nanoparticles, thus, extending the use of this plant to an industrial level.
Using Gagne’s instructional design to teach communication skills in phlebotomy education through role-play
Authors: Owaidah Amani Y. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Phlebotomy is a medical procedure that is performed frequently in the blood collection activities of medical institutions. The procedure involves close interaction with different types of patients—some of whom are cooperative and others, who, for many reasons, are not (for example, patients who have a fear of needles). Blood extraction is an essential skill in several medical specialties, such as in laboratory sciences. Lesson planning in phlebotomy education is mainly focused on procedural skills, and very little attention is given towards teaching communication skills despite the close patient interaction in phlebotomy. In this paper, I propose a lesson plan for teaching communication skills to medical laboratory sciences and nursing students based on Gagne’s instructional design. Methods: The training session included two main parts: training session using Gange’s instructional design and at the end of the session, the participants were surveyed for the effectiveness of the training session. Results: 17 participants were included in the study. Overall, the majority of the participants were highly satisfied with the effectiveness of the training session in teaching communication skills with all seven survey questions receiving a mean score of 4.58 on a Likert scale of 1-5. Conclusion: We demonstrated the effectiveness of Gange’s instructional beyond theoretical lesson planning to teach communication skills through role-play in phlebotomy education.
Tangrams: a simple visual tool for communicating the complexities of professionalism
Authors: Neve Hilary , Hanks Sally 
Published: January 2022

Professionalism is vital for high quality healthcare and fundamental to health profession education. It is however complex, hard to define and can be challenging to teach, learn about and assess. We describe the development and use of an innovative visual tool, using a tangram analogy, to introduce and explore core professionalism concepts, which are often troublesome for both learners and educators. These include the hidden curriculum, capability, professional identity and the difference between unprofessionalism and high professional standards. Understanding these concepts can help individuals to see professionalism differently, encourage faculty to design professionalism programmes which focus on professional excellence, support assessors to feel more confident in identifying and addressing underperformance and facilitate learners to appreciate the complexity and uncertainty inherent in professionalism and to become more alert to the hidden curriculum and its potential impact. We have used the tangram model to educate for professionalism in multiple contexts with learners and educators. Participants regularly report that it leads to a deeper understanding and important new insights around professionalism and helps them identify ways of changing their practice. We believe this approach has relevance across the health professions and suggest ways it could be further developed to explore wider professionalism issues such as reflective practice, resilience and teamworking.
The role of administrative courts in shaping the development directions of the sustainable development principle: remarks regarding case-law in environmental protection and spatial planning cases
Authors: Jaśkiewicz-Kamińska Sylwia 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: This text presents the results of the process of juridization of the sustainable development principle in international, EU and national law, as well as the development of that principle with regard to the application of law practice.
Aim: At the same time, the text attempts to define the role of an administrative court as a body reinterpreting the sustainable development principle in environmental protection and spatial planning cases, bearing in mind both the ecological as well as social justice outlook
Results: As a result, the study presented focuses on determining the impact of the administrative courts’ established case-law on the application of the sustainable development principle by national public administration authorities.
The productivity of performing art organisations versus labor costs
Authors: Smolny Katarzyna , Gałecka Małgorzta 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: The study of the problem of “cost disease” contributes to the possibility of creating a model for effective subsidy to cultural institutions operating in the field of performing arts from public funds. The study also forms a part of a broader reflection on the values of culture, the humanism of culture and the economy in general.
Aim: This article is to examine the connection between productivity and labor costs in public theatres in Poland. We investigate what the level of productivity depends on. We check whether it is based on costs or the so-called income gap or another factor. We verify whether costs in PAOs in Poland increase according to the theory of Baumol’s cost disease and whether labor costs are particularly significant in total costs.
Results: Labor costs should be taken into account when subsidizing performing art organizations, as productivity growth depends on having funds to cover labor costs and increasing employment.
Employee’s work on the grounds of Polish Copyright Law
Authors: Szymura Monika 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: Employees’ works are crucial in practice. The validity and need for discussions on the rights of the employer to the employee’s work is justified by the increasing concern for the observance of copyright, and also for employee–employer relations. By entering into an employment relationship, both parties must be aware of their rights and obligations.
Aim: This article presents the issue of copyright status of an employee’s work regulated in the Article 12 and 13 of the Act on copyright and related rights. The considerations focus on the legal relationship between the employer and the employee-author, and the issue of acquiring author’s economic rights to the work created by the employee within the employment relationship. The article is based on the analysis of legal regulations and judicial decisions.
Results: Regulating rights to the work created by the employee is dependent on the will of the parties. It is only the absence of contractual terms in this respect that results in a reference to the statutory provisions, which define the rules of transferring copyright for the employee’s work to the employer. Article 12 of the Act on copyright and related rights specifies grounds for secondary acquisition of copyright by the employer. One should remember that this regulation concerns solely author’s economic rights because author’s moral rights, which due to their nature are non-transferable, remain with the author or employee.
Institutional conditions for the implementation of sustainable development on the example of self-governing agricultural bodies in Poland
Authors: Walkowiak Katarzyna 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: The need for balance in the social, environmental and economic developments has been explored by numerous academic disciplines and fostered the implementation of subsequent political agendas both at the global and local levels. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations in 2015 is an example of an international initiative for sustainable development. All the goals of the Agenda were determined in view of global civilizational challenges, but in order for them to be implemented various stakeholders have to be involved, and projects on a national, regional, and local scale have to be carried out. Given the postulate of creating multilateral public and public-private partnerships for sustainable development and the principle of subsidiarity, it seems important to take into account the role of self-governing agricultural bodies in the system, implementing sustainable development goals. Agricultural self-governance is exercised in Poland through agricultural chambers established as public-law associations, forming part of the institutional system of public administration. The scope of tasks performed by these agricultural chambers covers matters of agriculture and rural development, including sustainable development.
Aim: In her study the author seeks to answer the questions of whether the self-governing agricultural bodies in Poland are the key entities in the implementation of the postulates of sustainable development, or whether the competences of these agricultural chambers allow them to fully use the social potential of farmers for the dissemination of the concept of sustainable development.
Results: The results of the survey demonstrate that the self-governing agricultural bodies play only a superficial role in the implementation of the sustainable development postulates. Although these agricultural chambers are formally established in the public law system, they do not have sufficient executive power, or material, human and financial resources to engage in effective action. The potential of the self-governing agricultural bodies to achieve the goals of sustainable development is not being fully used.
POLE ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI I DRAMAT WINY W MYŚLI KSIĘDZA JÓZEFA TISCHNERA I KARDYNAŁA STEFANA WYSZYŃSKIEGO. O DUSZPASTERSKIM ROZWINIĘCIU FILOZOFII ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI
Authors: Hołda Miłosz 
Published: January 2022

Artykuł ukazuje zbieżność poglądów na temat odpowiedzialności, jakie znaleźć można w filozoficznych tekstach księdza Józefa Tischnera i mających charakter duszpasterskich tekstach kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego. Myśl Wyszyńskiego można widzieć jako duszpasterskie dookreślenie i rozwinięcie filozoficznych poglądów Tischnera na temat odpowiedzialności. W artykule przedstawiam Tischnerowskie myślenie o „polu odpowiedzialności” i pokazuję, w jaki sposób to samo zagadnienie pojawia się w wybranych wypowiedziach kardynała Wyszyńskiego. Następnie omawiam „dramatyczny” wątek Tischnerowskiej filozofii odpowiedzialności, którego elementem centralnym jest zagadnienie winy, i na wybranych tekstach kardynała Wyszyńskiego pokazuję, w jaki sposób wątek ten jest obecny także w jego myśli. Na koniec ukazuję wartość duszpasterskiego rozwinięcia filozoficznej analizy zagadnień związanych z odpowiedzialnością.
Physical activity of individuals with Parkinson’s in social isolation before and during the pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Moratelli Jéssica Amaro , Sonza Anelise , Haas Aline Nogueira , Passos-Monteiro Elren , Corrêa Clynton Lourenço , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo Alexandre , Delabary Marcela dos Santos , Guimarães Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo 
Published: January 2022

The world has been hit by a pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (COVID 19), which has resulted in government recommendations and measures including social isolation to reduce the spread of the disease. In view of these recommendations, there were drastic changes in lifestyle, impacting the physical and mental health of men and women. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the practice of physical activity, according to sex, in individuals with Parkinson’s disease in social isolation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional observational study, based on an online questionnaire validated for individuals with Parkinson’s disease PAFPA/COVID19, in which 156 individuals of both sexes and degrees of the disease (I to V) were allocated, with a mean age of 63.70 ± 11.00 years and from different Brazilian regions. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact and binary logistic regression tests were used. It is observed that 92% of the participants were in social isolation, which caused negative effects on the level of physical activity of the participants, even though most of them doing physical activity online. In addition, it was found that those who participated in specific exercise programs for Parkinson’s disease, are less likely to be insufficiently active, as well as individuals who receive online guidance. Although social isolation is a necessary measure to combat COVID-19, the results show a negative effect of this social isolation on the parameters of physical activity in this population in different regions of Brazil. This suggests that better strategies for health promotion in order to increase levels of physical activity at home are necessary to reduce the physical inactivity lifestyle during the pandemic, in order to prevent diseases associated with social isolation and physical inactivity.
Albendazole reduces hepatic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum-stress in a mouse model of chronic Echinococcus multilocularis infection
Authors: Weingartner Michael , Stücheli Simon , Jebbawi Fadi , Gottstein Bruno , Beldi Guido , Lundström-Stadelmann Britta , Wang Junhua , Odermatt Alex 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundEchinococcus multiloculariscauses alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a rising zoonotic disease in the northern hemisphere. Treatment of this fatal disease is limited to chemotherapy using benzimidazoles and surgical intervention, with frequent disease recurrence in cases without radical surgery. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlyingE.multilocularisinfections and host-parasite interactions ultimately aids developing novel therapeutic options. This study explored an involvement of unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum-stress (ERS) duringE.multilocularisinfection in mice.MethodsE.multilocularis-and mock-infected C57BL/6 mice were subdivided into vehicle, albendazole (ABZ) and anti-programmed death ligand 1 (αPD-L1) treated groups. To mimic a chronic infection, treatments of mice started six weeks posti.p. infection and continued for another eight weeks. Liver tissue was then collected to examine inflammatory cytokines and the expression of UPR- and ERS-related genes.ResultsE.multilocularisinfection led to an upregulation of UPR- and ERS-related proteins in the liver, including ATF6, CHOP, GRP78, ERp72, H6PD and calreticulin, whilst PERK and its target eIF2α were not affected, and IRE1α and ATF4 were downregulated. ABZ treatment inE.multilocularisinfected mice reversed, or at least tended to reverse, these protein expression changes to levels seen in mock-infected mice. Furthermore, ABZ treatment reversed the elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in the liver of infected mice. Similar to ABZ, αPD-L1 immune-treatment tended to reverse the increased CHOP and decreased ATF4 and IRE1α expression levels.Conclusions and significanceAE caused chronic inflammation, UPR activation and ERS in mice. TheE.multilocularis-induced inflammation and consecutive ERS was ameliorated by ABZ and αPD-L1 treatment, indicating their effectiveness to inhibit parasite proliferation and downregulate its activity status. Neither ABZ nor αPD-L1 themselves affected UPR in control mice. Further research is needed to elucidate the link between inflammation, UPR and ERS, and if these pathways offer potential for improved therapies of patients with AE.
The impact of cardiopulmonary exercise-derived scoring on prediction of cardio-cerebral outcome in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lee Jae-Man , Park Hyun-Bin , Song Jin-Eun , Kim In-Cheol , Song Ji-Hun , Kim Hyungseop , Oh Jaewon , Youn Jong-Chan , Hong Geu-Ru , Kang Seok-Min 
Published: January 2022

Background
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) and stroke-related events accompanied by atrial fibrillation (AF) can affect morbidity and mortality in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This study sought to evaluate a scoring system predicting cardio-cerebral events in HCM patients using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Methods
We investigated the role of a previous prediction model based on CPET, the HYPertrophic Exercise-derived Risk score for Heart Failure-related events (HyperHF), which is derived from peak circulatory power ventilatory efficiency and left atrial diameter (LAD), for predicting a composite of SCD-related (SCD, serious ventricular arrhythmia, death from cardiac cause, heart failure admission) and stroke-related (new-onset AF, acute stroke) events. The Novel HyperHF risk model using left atrial volume index (LAVI) instead of LAD was proposed and compared with the previous HCM Risk-SCD model.

Results
A total of 295 consecutive HCM patients (age 59.9±13.2, 71.2% male) who underwent CPET was included in the present study. During a median follow-up of 742 days (interquartile range 384–1047 days), 29 patients (9.8%) experienced an event (SCD-related event: 14 patients (4.7%); stroke-related event: 17 patients (5.8%)). The previous model for SCD risk score showed fair prediction ability (AUC of HCM Risk-SCD 0.670, p = 0.002; AUC of HyperHF 0.691, p = 0.001). However, the prediction power of Novel HyperHF showed the highest value among the models (AUC of Novel HyperHF 0.717, p<0.001).

Conclusions
Both conventional HCM Risk-SCD score and CPET-derived HyperHF score were useful for prediction of overall risk of SCD-related and stroke-related events in HCM. Novel HyperHF score using LAVI could be utilized for a better prediction power.
Politics is making us sick: The negative impact of political engagement on public health during the Trump administration
Authors: Smith Kevin B. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
To quantify the effect of politics on the physical, psychological, and social health of American adults during the four-year span of the Trump administration.

Methods
A previously validated politics and health scale was used to compare health markers in nationally representative surveys administered to separate samples in March 2017 (N = 800) and October 2020 (N = 700). Participants in the 2020 survey were re-sampled approximately two weeks after the 2020 election and health markers were compared to their pre-election baselines.

Results
Large numbers of Americans reported politics takes a significant toll on a range of health markers—everything from stress, loss of sleep, or suicidal thoughts to an inability to stop thinking about politics and making intemperate social media posts. The proportion of Americans reporting these effects stayed stable or slightly increased between the spring of 2017 and the fall of 2020 prior to the presidential election. Deterioration in measures of physical health became detectably worse in the wake of the 2020 election. Those who were young, politically interested, politically engaged, or on the political left were more likely to report negative effects.

Conclusions
Politics is a pervasive and largely unavoidable source of chronic stress that exacted significant health costs for large numbers of American adults between 2017 and 2020. The 2020 election did little to alleviate those effects and quite likely exacerbated them.