bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationale Design, Synthesis, Pharmacological and In‐silico Investigation of Indole‐Functionalized Isoxazoles as Anti‐inflammatory Agents
Authors: Bhatia Rohit , Vyas Akshun , El‐Bahy Salah M. , Hessien Mahmoud M. , Mersal Gaber A. M. , Ibrahim Mohamed M. , Dogra Raghav , Kumar Bhupinder 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current anti‐inflammatory drugs are associated with various severe adverse or side effects which mark the question on long term clinical use of such medications. These factors necessitate the development of new heterocyclic molecules having anti‐inflammatory potential with minimal to no adverse effect or toxicity. In continuation to our work, in herein report design and synthesis of a series of 15 indole‐3‐subtituted isoxazoles having potential anti‐inflammatory as well as analgesic properties. Most of the compounds exhibited comparable in‐vivo anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activity in rats to the reference drugs. Compound 9 d, 9 f and 9 i were found to show most significant anti‐inflammatory activity and reduced the paw edema by 67.74 %, 61.29 %, and 77.42 % respectively which were comparable to reference drug indomethacin. The COX inhibition studies reveled that these compounds have 2–3 folds selectivity for COX‐2 with moderate inhibition activity. In final, molecular docking studies were performed to understand the mechanistic and binding modes at catalytic active sites of COX‐2. The results revealed good selectivity of compounds for COX‐2 preferably over other inflammatory targets. The compound 9 i is obtained as lead molecule from the current series as promising structural feature for further development of novel anti‐inflammatory agent.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 6‐Ethoxy‐2‐mercaptobenzothiazole Scaffolds as Potential α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Mojibade Balogun Modinat , Shamim Shahbaz , Mohammed Khan Khalid , Mahdavi Mohammad , Salar Uzma , Adebayo Oladosu Ibrahim , Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Maryam , Ali Faramarzi Mohammad , Olufunke Moronkola Dorcas , Taha Muhammad , Rahim Fazal , Perveen Shahnaz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract6‐Ethoxy‐2‐mercapto benzothiazole derivatives 1–26 were synthesized by following two different reaction schemes. Products 1–18 were synthesized by treating 6‐ethoxy‐2‐mercaptobenzothiazole with different phenacyl bromides whereas compounds 19–26 were prepared by the reaction of 6‐ethoxy‐2‐mercaptobenzothiazole with benzyl bromide derivatives under basic conditions. Structural characterization of compounds was performed by mass spectrometric and NMR spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopic data was well supported to confirm the structures of each analog. All synthetic compounds were subjected to check their potential to inhibit the α‐glucosidase enzyme. All scaffolds demonstrated potent inhibitory activity (IC50=60.1±3.6–319.7±7.5 μM) than standard acarbose (IC50=750.0±10.5 μM). Compounds 18 (IC50=60.1±3.6 μM) and 26 (IC50=77.0±4.4 μM) having another electron‐rich heterocyclic ring system were identified as the two top‐most potent compounds of the series. Kinetic studies ascertained the competitive type inhibition by the most potent analogs. Detailed binding interactions analyses with docking simulations were also carried out which revealed a distinct binding pattern of ligands (synthetic molecules) with the enzyme's active site.
Progress in Spinel‐Structured Cobaltite‐Based Positive Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors
Authors: Dhandapani Preethi , Maurya Dheeraj Kumar , Angaiah Subramania 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent days, the family of spinel cobaltites with multiple oxidation states has received much attention as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Profiting from its superior electrochemical performance, these cobaltites play a significant role in energy storage and conversion devices. In this review, we provided an in‐depth description of spinel cobaltites. Further, we review several cobaltites and their composites, corresponding synthesis methods, and the application of these materials for supercapacitors. As a result of several extraordinary outputs, spinel cobaltites are likely to be widely studied in the future.
Synthesis of 2‐Methyl‐pyran‐4‐ones through Reaction of Acetylketene with Terminal Acetylenes in Presence of Gold (I)
Authors: Aslanoglu Furgan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, 2,6‐trimethyl‐4H‐1,3‐dioxin‐4‐one compound, which is a source of Acetylketene, was reacted with terminal alkynes in presence of IPrAuCl (1,3‐Bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene)gold(I) chloride) catalyst and a new synthesis method for 2‐methyl‐pyran‐4‐one compounds has been developed. It was observed that the yields were very low when this reaction was carried out without using a catalyst. However, 95 % yield was obtained when this reaction was performed in the presence of a IPrAuCl catalyst.
Synthesis of Dibenzo‐Fused 15‐Membered Dioxa‐ketone Macrocycles through Ring‐Closing Metathesis Reaction
Authors: Jahan Nasrin , Das Arijit , Ansary Inul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe have developed a simple method for cross‐aldol condensation reaction to provide (1E,4E)‐1‐(2‐(allyloxy)aryl)‐5‐(2‐(allyloxy)aryl)penta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐ones (7 a–j) and (E)‐1‐(2‐(allyloxy)aryl)‐5‐(2‐(allyloxy)aryl)pent‐1‐en‐3‐ones (8 a–e) in 67–88 % and 73–86 % yields, respectively. Subsequently a series of dibenzo‐fused 15‐membered dioxa‐ketone macrocycles 9 a–j (61‐95 %) and 10 a–e (70‐90 %) have been synthesized from 7 a–j and 8 a–e, respectively, through ring‐closing metathesis reaction employing Grubbs’ third generation catalyst. The cis/trans‐configurations of products (9 a–j) and (10 a–e) were established from their 1H‐NMR spectral data.
Mixed‐Ligand Mandelato‐Phosphine Copper(I) Complexes as Active Catalysts in Carbene Transfer Reactions
Authors: Cinco Anita , Colombo Gioele , Brenna Stefano , Therrien Bruno , Ardizzoia G. Attilio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTwo mixed ligand copper(I) complexes, [Cu(PPh3)3(κ‐O‐mand)] (CuP3M) and [Cu(PPh3)2(κ2‐O,O’‐mand)] (CuP2M) (mand=dl‐mandelate) were synthesized and fully characterized. The different coordination modes of the α‐hydroxycarboxylate ligand in CuP2M and CuP3M are clearly demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy, with the asymmetric νC=O stretching being observed at 1626 (CuP3M) and 1593 (CuP2M) cm−1, respectively. Solution NMR studies (1H, 31P{1H}), elemental and X‐ray structure analyses confirmed the nature of the synthesized compounds. Complexes CuP2M and CuP3M were active in carbene transfer reactions towards unsaturated bonds, using ethyl diazoacetate (N2CHCOOEt, EDA) as carbene source. Indeed, they promoted the trans‐diastereoselective cyclopropanation of terminal and internal olefins under mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loading (1 % mol).
High‐Efficiency Infrared Sensing with Optically Excited Graphene‐Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures
Authors: Kakkar Saloni , Majumdar Aniket , Ahmed Tanweer , Parappurath Aparna , Gill Navkiranjot Kaur , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Ghosh Arindam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBinary van der Waals heterostructures of graphene (Gr) and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) have evolved as a promising candidate for photodetection with very high responsivity due to the separation of photo‐excited electron–hole pairs across the interface. The spectral range of optoelectronic response in such hybrids has so far been limited by the optical bandgap of the light absorbing TMDC layer. Here, the bidirectionality of interlayer charge transfer is utilized for detecting sub‐band gap photons in Gr‐TMDC heterostructures. A Gr/MoSe2 heterostructure sequentially driven by visible and near infra‐red (NIR) photons is employed, to demonstrate that NIR induced back transfer of charge allows fast and repeatable detection of the low energy photons (less than the optical band gap of the TMDC layer). This mechanism provides photoresponsivity as high as ≈3000 A W−1 close to the communication wavelength. The experiment provides a new strategy for achieving highly efficient photodetection over a broad range of energies beyond the spectral bandgap with the 2D semiconductor family.
Engineering Crystal Orientation of Cathode for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Minireview
Authors: Zhu Lin , Fu Liang , Zhou Kexin , Yang Lixuan , Tang Zhi , Sun Dan , Tang Yougen , Li Yixin , Wang Haiyan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEngineering crystal orientation has attracted widespread attention since it is related to the cyclability and rate performance of cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Regulating the crystal directional growth with optimal exposed crystal facets is an effective strategy to improve the performance of cathode materials, but still lacks sufficient attention in research field. Herein, we briefly introduce the characterization techniques and identification methods for crystal facets, then summarize and illuminate the major methods for regulating crystal orientation and their internal mechanism. Furthermore, the optimization strategies for layered‐, spinel‐, and olivine‐structure cathodes are discussed based on the characteristic of crystal structure, and the relationship between exposure of special crystal facets and lithium storage performance is deeply analyzed, which could guide the rational design of cathodes for LIBs.
Imaging findings and monitoring of a rare case of congenital intrahepatic bile duct ectasia (Caroli‐like disease) and a pancreatic cyst in a 2‐month‐old cat
Authors: Glăvan Cristi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe case report described ultrasonographic and CT findings of a rare congenital bile duct ectasia in a cat and follow‐up examinations for the assessment of the pathological process. Congenital intrahepatic bile ducts ectasia is a rare hereditary disorder of the biliary tree in dogs and cats, with a limited number of published reports documenting this pathology. Complete ultrasound examination may facilitate differentiation from other conditions and aids diagnosis, especially when cystic lesions are recorded in other abdominal organs (pancreas, kidneys). Clinical signs associated with the disease are represented by acute abdominal pain, lethargy, vomiting and diarrhoea, jaundice and abdominal distension in cases of hepatomegaly or ascites due to portal hypertension. Similarly, a delay in growth may be seen in some patients when systemic shunts or arteriovenous fistulisations coexist. Follow‐up ultrasound examinations proved beneficial in order to assess the changes and further medical planning.
Introduction: European Parliament’s Political Groups in Turbulent Times
Authors: Kantola Johanna , Elomäki Anna , Ahrens Petra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe turbulent times the European Union witnessed over the last years together with the increased competences for the European Parliament call for closer examination of political groups as core actors in this setting. In this introductory chapter, we engage with political groups as unique alliances of national party delegations and the context they operate in. We first discuss the core features of the political groups and then proceed to present new inroads into studying their functions, work and practices. By engaging with broader questions of democracy and what political groups research can contribute, we suggest that theorising the democratic functioning within the EP allows casting a critical eye on democratic practices and the growing salience of the political groups. The chapter closes by introducing the chapters of the volume which provide new insights into the practices of political groups, the dynamics and power relations between them and, thus, decision-making and policy-making in the European Parliament.
‘Ethno, Ethno, What?’: Using Ethnography to Explore the European Parliament’s Political Groups in Turbulent Times
Authors: Miller Cherry 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEthnography is still relatively unknown, not just to parliamentary interlocutors, but also to some political scientists. In this chapter, I ask: what does ethnography add to existing qualitative research on the political groups of the European Parliament, more specifically on the substantive themes of the book: democracy, party politics and turbulent times? Secondly, drawing on the chapter’s title, I offer a practical illustration of how ethnography might be conducted of the political groups and elucidate the practices and challenges that this entails. The chapter is based upon my ethnographic research conducted in the 8th and 9th European Parliaments. I introduce shadowing, meeting ethnography and ‘hanging out’ as three ethnographic practices and assess their helpfulness for studying different political group activities. Overall, I present parliamentary ethnography as not only affording practical benefits to researchers, but also how it provides unparalleled knowledge about entanglements and relationships between political group actors and institutions.
Negotiating Power and Democracy in Political Group Formation in the European Parliament
Authors: Ahrens Petra , Kantola Johanna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEuropean Parliament’s political groups are unique conglomerates of national party delegations formed after elections every five years. In this chapter, we develop a novel framework of four layers of political group formation and show that pervasive informal practices and norms in addition to the formal rules of the European Parliament (EP) shape political group formation processes. The four intertwined layers are characterised by differing democratic practices and encompass: (1) formal political group formation after EP elections, (2) internal political group formation via core functions, (3) internal political group formation via consolidation through policies and distributing policy field responsibilities and (4) changes to political group composition during the term. We draw on a unique set of 132 interviews with MEPs, political group and parliamentary staff conducted in 2018–2020 in the 8th and 9th EP. The findings show that there are similarities but also clear differences between political groups in relation to each of the four layers, which enhances our understanding of variations in negotiating power and democracy in the different political groups.
Glucose-mediated insulin secretion is improved in FHL2-deficient mice and elevated FHL2 expression in humans is associated with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Habibe Jayron J. , Clemente-Olivo Maria P. , Scheithauer Torsten P. M. , Rampanelli Elena , Herrema Hilde , Vos Mariska , Mieremet Arnout , Nieuwdorp Max , van Raalte Daniel H. , Eringa Etto C. , de Vries Carlie J. M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The general population is ageing, involving an enhanced incidence of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. With ageing, DNA methylation of FHL2 increases, as well as expression of the four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) protein in human pancreatic islets. We hypothesised that FHL2 is actively involved in glucose metabolism.

Methods
Publicly available microarray datasets from human pancreatic islets were analysed for FHL2 expression. In FHL2-deficient mice, we studied glucose clearance and insulin secretion. Gene expression analysis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were determined in isolated murine FHL2-deficient islets to evaluate insulin-secretory capacity. Moreover, knockdown and overexpression of FHL2 were accomplished in MIN6 cells to delineate the underlying mechanism of FHL2 function.

Results
Transcriptomics of human pancreatic islets revealed that individuals with elevated levels of HbA1c displayed increased FHL2 expression, which correlated negatively with insulin secretion pathways. In line with this observation, FHL2-deficient mice cleared glucose more efficiently than wild-type littermates through increased plasma insulin levels. Insulin sensitivity was comparable between these genotypes. Interestingly, pancreatic islets isolated from FHL2-deficient mice secreted more insulin in GSIS assays than wild-type mouse islets even though insulin content and islet size was similar. To support this observation, we demonstrated increased expression of the transcription factor crucial in insulin secretion, MAF BZIP transcription factor A (MafA), higher expression of GLUT2 and reduced expression of the adverse factor c-Jun in FHL2-deficient islets. The underlying mechanism of FHL2 was further delineated in MIN6 cells. FHL2-knockdown led to enhanced activation of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and its downstream genes such as Mafa and Pdx1 (encoding pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1), as well as increased glucose uptake. On the other hand, FHL2 overexpression in MIN6 cells blocked GSIS, increased the formation of reactive oxygen species and increased c-Jun activity.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our data demonstrate that FHL2 deficiency improves insulin secretion from beta cells and improves glucose tolerance in mice. Given that FHL2 expression in humans increases with age and that high expression levels of FHL2 are associated with beta cell dysfunction, we propose that enhanced FHL2 expression in elderly individuals contributes to glucose intolerance and the development of type 2 diabetes.

Data availability
The human islet microarray datasets used are publicly available and can be found on https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.

Graphical abstract
The Complexity of the Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problem
Authors: Butti Silvia , Dalmau Víctor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the complexity of the Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problem (DCSP) on a synchronous, anonymous network from a theoretical standpoint. In this setting, variables and constraints are controlled by agents which communicate with each other by sending messages through fixed communication channels. Our results endorse the well-known fact from classical CSPs that the complexity of fixed-template computational problems depends on the template’s invariance under certain operations. Specifically, we show that DCSP(Γ) is polynomial-time tractable if and only if Γ is invariant under symmetric polymorphisms of all arities. Otherwise, there are no algorithms that solve DCSP(Γ) in finite time. We also show that the same condition holds for the search variant of DCSP. Collaterally, our results unveil a feature of the processes’ neighbourhood in a distributed network, its iterated degree, which plays a major role in the analysis. We explore this notion establishing a tight connection with the basic linear programming relaxation of a CSP.
Significant improvement after training in the assessment of lateral compartments and short-axis measurements of lateral lymph nodes in rectal cancer
Authors: Sluckin Tania C. , Hazen Sanne-Marije J. A. , Horsthuis Karin , Lambregts Doenja M. J. , Beets-Tan Regina G. H. , Tanis Pieter J. , Kusters Miranda ,   on behalf of the Dutch Lateral Node Imaging group
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
In patients with rectal cancer, the size and location of lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) are correlated to increased lateral local recurrence rates. Sufficient knowledge and accuracy when measuring these features are therefore essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in measurements and anatomical classifications of LLNs before and after training.

Methods
Fifty-three Dutch radiologists examined three rectal MRI scans and completed a questionnaire. Presence, location, size, and suspiciousness of LLNs were reported. This assessment was repeated after a 2-hour online training by the same radiologists with the same three cases plus three additional cases. Three expert radiologists independently evaluated these 6 cases and served as the standard of reference.

Results
Correct identification of the anatomical location improved in case 1 (62 to 77% (p = .077)) and in case 2 (46 to 72% (p = .007)) but decreased in case 3 (92 to 74%, p = .453). Compared to the first three cases, cases 4, 5, and 6 all had a higher initial consensus of 73%, 79%, and 85%, respectively. The mean absolute deviation of the short-axis measurements in cases 1–3 were closer—though not significantly—to the expert reference value after training with reduced ranges and standard deviations. Subjective determination of malignancy had a high consensus rate between participants and experts.

Conclusion
Though finding a high consensus rate for determining malignancy of LLNs, variation in short-axis measurements and anatomical location classifications were present and improved after training. Adequate training would support the challenges involved in evaluating LLNs appropriately.

Key Points
• Variation was present in the assessment of the anatomical location and short-axis size of lateral lymph nodes.
• In certain cases, the accuracy of short-axis measurements and anatomical location, when compared to an expert reference value, improved after a training session.
• Consensus before and after training on whether an LLN was subjectively considered to be suspicious for malignancy was high.
Prevalence and extent of coral diseases in shallow and mesophotic reefs of the Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Morais Juliano , Santos Bráulio A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoral reef ecology has advanced in many fields, but disease patterns across depth gradients remain unclear. By comparing the prevalence and extent of bleaching and diseases in 160 colonies ofSiderastrea stellatabetween shallow and mesophotic reefs, we observed that prevalence was high (75%) regardless of depth, but the extent was about two times greater in mesophotic than shallow reefs (14.4% vs. 6.6% of colony area, respectively). Across the shallow reefs, whereS. stellataco-occurred withMontastraea cavernosa,M. cavernosashowed lower prevalence (27% of 30 colonies) and extent (1.8% of colony area) compared toS. stellata. Besides bleaching, five coral diseases afflictedS. stellataand two affectedM. cavernosa. Because diseases are spread over the entire gradient of depth, any attempt of managing the diseases should consider both shallow and deep reefs to be effective.
Cononsolvency of the responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in water/methanol mixtures: a dynamic light scattering study of the effect of pressure on the collective dynamics
Authors: Niebuur Bart-Jan , Deyerling André , Höfer Nicole , Schulte Alfons , Papadakis Christine M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The collective dynamics of 25 wt% poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) solutions in water or an 80:20 v/v water/methanol mixture are investigated in the one-phase region in dependence on pressure and temperature using dynamic light scattering. Throughout, two dynamic modes are observed, the fast one corresponding to the relaxation of the chain segments within the polymer blobs and the slow one to the relaxation of the blobs. A pressure scan in the one-phase region on an aqueous solution at 34.0 °C, i.e., slightly below the maximum of the coexistence line, reveals that the dynamic correlation length of the fast mode increases when the left and the right branch of the coexistence line are approached. Thus, the chains are rather swollen far away from the coexistence line, but contracted near the phase transition. Temperature scans of solutions in neat H2O or in H2O/CD3OD at 0.1, 130, and 200 MPa reveal that the dynamic correlation length of the fast mode shows critical behavior. However, the critical exponents are significantly larger than the value predicted by mean-field theory for the static correlation length, ν = 0.5, and the exponent is significantly larger for the solution in the H2O/CD3OD mixture than in neat H2O.