bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How have researchers defined institutions, politics, organizations and governance in research related to epidemic and pandemic response? A scoping review to map current concepts
Authors: Wu Austin , Khanna Shivangi , Keidar Shelly , Berman Peter , Brubacher Laura Jane 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the literature on public health interventions and health outcomes in the context of epidemic and pandemic response has grown immensely. However, relatively few of these studies have situated their findings within the institutional, political, organizational and governmental (IPOG) context in which interventions and outcomes exist. This conceptual mapping scoping study synthesized the published literature on the impact of IPOG factors on epidemic and pandemic response and critically examined definitions and uses of the terms IPOG in this literature. This research involved a comprehensive search of four databases across the social, health and biomedical sciences as well as multi-level eligibility screening conducted by two independent reviewers. Data on the temporal, geographic and topical range of studies were extracted, then descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize these data. Hybrid inductive and deductive qualitative analysis of the full-text articles was conducted to critically analyse the definitions and uses of these terms in the literature. The searches retrieved 4918 distinct articles; 65 met the inclusion criteria and were thus reviewed. These articles were published from 2004 to 2022, were mostly written about COVID-19 (61.5%) and most frequently engaged with the concept of governance (36.9%) in relation to epidemic and pandemic response. Emergent themes related to the variable use of the investigated terms, the significant increase in relevant literature published amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a lack of consistent definitions used across all four terms: institutions, politics, organizations and governance. This study revealed opportunities for health systems researchers to further engage in interdisciplinary work with fields such as law and political science, to become more forthright in defining factors that shape responses to epidemics and pandemics and to develop greater consistency in using these IPOG terms in order to lessen confusion among a rapidly growing body of literature.
Early postoperative organ dysfunction is highly associated with the mortality risk of patients with type A aortic dissection
Authors: Luo Ming-Hao , Luo Jing-Chao , Zhang Yi-Jie , Xu Xin , Su Ying , Li Jia-Kun , Wang Chun-Sheng , Lai Hao , Sun Yong-Xin , Li Jun , Tu Guo-Wei , Luo Zhe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study assessed the impact of early postoperative organ dysfunction (EPOD) on in-hospital mortality of patients with type A aortic dissection (TAAD) after surgery.

METHODS
Patients with TAAD who underwent surgical repair requiring deep hypothermic circulatory arrest from January 2020 to December 2021 were included. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was calculated for 3 days postoperatively to stratify the severity of organ dysfunction. Patients with the SOFA of 0–4, 5–8 or &gt;8 were defined as mild, moderate or severe EPOD. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and a composite secondary outcome was defined as in-hospital death or any major complications. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to compare survival probability. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration plots were used to evaluate the predictive power and overall performance of SOFA.

RESULTS
Of the 368 patients, 5 patients (3%) with moderate EPOD and 33 patients (23%) with severe EPOD died. No patient died with mild EPOD. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of SOFA for predicting mortality and the composite outcome were 0.85 (0.81–0.88) and 0.81 (0.77–0.85) on postoperative day 1. Each point of postoperative day 1 SOFA score corresponded to an odds ratio of 1.65 (1.42–1.92) for mortality. Of the 6 components of the SOFA system, only coagulation (2.34 [1.32–4.13]), cardiovascular (1.47 [1.04–2.08]), central nervous system (1.96 [1.36–2.82]) and renal (1.67 [1.04–2.70]) functions were associated with the higher risk of mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
EPOD stratified by the SOFA score was associated with a higher risk of death and predicted the clinical outcomes of patients with TAAD with good accuracy.
In vitro activity of aztreonam in combination with newly developed β-lactamase inhibitors against MDR Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing metallo-β-lactamases
Authors: Le Terrier Christophe , Nordmann Patrice , Poirel Laurent 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the in vitro activity of aztreonam in combination with novel β-lactamase inhibitors, namely avibactam, nacubactam, taniborbactam and zidebactam, against MDR MBL-producing Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.

Methods
MIC values of aztreonam, aztreonam/β-lactam inhibitor but also cefiderocol as comparator were determined for 64 and 39 clinical Enterobacterales or P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively, producing representative MBLs, i.e. derivatives of NDM (n = 64), VIM (n = 32), IMP (n = 8) and SPM (n = 2). MICs were also determined for Escherichia coli TOP10 and P. aeruginosa PAO1 harbouring recombinant plasmids producing the different β-lactamases under isogenic backgrounds (n = 22 and n = 11, respectively). Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations were additionally determined for the abovementioned β-lactamase inhibitors using β-lactamase crude extracts.

Results
The susceptibility rate for aztreonam was 17.1% among MBL-producing Enterobacterales, while it was very high with aztreonam/zidebactam (98.4%), and to a lower extent with aztreonam/nacubactam (84.4%) and aztreonam/taniborbactam (75%), compared with aztreonam/avibactam (70.3%) and cefiderocol (39.1%). Among MBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates, the susceptibility rates were 53.8% with aztreonam, 66.7% with aztreonam/nacubactam and aztreonam/taniborbactam combinations, and 69.2% with aztreonam/avibactam, aztreonam/zidebactam and cefiderocol.

Conclusions
Altogether, these results showed that combinations including aztreonam and novel β-lactamase inhibitors, such as zidebactam, nacubactam or taniborbactam, have a very significant in vitro activity against MDR MBL-producing Enterobacterales clinical isolates, the aztreonam/zidebactam combination being the best option. On the other hand, aztreonam/zidebactam is equivalent to aztreonam/avibactam and cefiderocol among MBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates.
GyrB in silico mining in 27 151 global gonococcal genomes from 1928–2021 combined with zoliflodacin in vitro testing of 71 international gonococcal isolates with different GyrB, ParC and ParE substitutions confirms high susceptibility
Authors: Golparian Daniel , Jacobsson Susanne , Sánchez-Busó Leonor , Bazzo Maria Luiza , Lan Pham Thi , Galarza Patricia , Ohnishi Makoto , Unemo Magnus 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global threat and novel treatment alternatives are imperative. Herein, susceptibility to the novel antimicrobial zoliflodacin, currently in a global Phase 3 randomized controlled clinical trial for gonorrhoea treatment, was investigated by screening for zoliflodacin GyrB target mutations in publicly available gonococcal genomes and, where feasible, determination of the associated zoliflodacin MIC.

Methods
The European Nucleotide Archive was queried using the search term ‘Taxon: 485’. DNA sequences from 27 151 gonococcal isolates were analysed and gyrB, gyrA, parC and parE alleles characterized.

Results
GyrB amino acid alterations were rare (97.0% of isolates had a wild-type GyrB sequence). GyrB V470L (2.7% of isolates) was the most prevalent alteration, followed by S467N (0.12%), N. meningitidis GyrB (0.092%), V470I (0.059%), Q468R/P (0.015%), A466T (0.0074%), L425I + L465I (0.0037%), L465I (0.0037%), G482S (0.0037%) and D429V (0.0037%). Only one isolate (0.0037%) carried a substitution in a resistance-associated GyrB codon (D429V), resulting in a zoliflodacin MIC of 8 mg/L. None of the other detected gyrB, gyrA, parC or parE mutations caused a zoliflodacin MIC outside the wild-type MIC distribution.

Conclusions
The zoliflodacin target GyrB was highly conserved among 27 151 global gonococcal isolates cultured in 1928–2021. The single zoliflodacin-resistant clinical isolate (0.0037%) was cultured from a male patient in Japan in 2000. Evidently, this strain has not clonally expanded nor has the gyrB zoliflodacin-resistance mutation disseminated through horizontal gene transfer to other strains. Phenotypic and genomic surveillance, including gyrB mutations, of zoliflodacin susceptibility are imperative.
Multisite evaluation of prediction models for emergency department crowding before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Smith Ari J , Patterson Brian W , Pulia Michael S , Mayer John , Schwei Rebecca J , Nagarajan Radha , Liao Frank , Shah Manish N , Boutilier Justin J 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a machine learning framework to forecast emergency department (ED) crowding and to evaluate model performance under spatial and temporal data drift.Materials and MethodsWe obtained 4 datasets, identified by the location: 1—large academic hospital and 2—rural hospital, and time period: pre-coronavirus disease (COVID) (January 1, 2019–February 1, 2020) and COVID-era (May 15, 2020–February 1, 2021). Our primary target was a binary outcome that is equal to 1 if the number of patients with acute respiratory illness that were ED boarding for more than 4 h was above a prescribed historical percentile. We trained a random forest and used the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate out-of-sample performance for 2 experiments: (1) we evaluated the impact of sudden temporal drift by training models using pre-COVID data and testing them during the COVID-era, (2) we evaluated the impact of spatial drift by testing models trained at location 1 on data from location 2, and vice versa.ResultsThe baseline AUC values for ED boarding ranged from 0.54 (pre-COVID at location 2) to 0.81 (COVID-era at location 1). Models trained with pre-COVID data performed similarly to COVID-era models (0.82 vs 0.78 at location 1). Models that were transferred from location 2 to location 1 performed worse than models trained at location 1 (0.51 vs 0.78).Discussion and ConclusionOur results demonstrate that ED boarding is a predictable metric for ED crowding, models were not significantly impacted by temporal data drift, and any attempts at implementation must consider spatial data drift.
Disconnectivity synced with identity cultivation: adolescent narratives of digital disconnection
Authors: Agai Mehri S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article elucidates adolescent digital disconnection through the lens of narrative identity development to answer the research question: “How do adolescent disconnection experiences play into ongoing identity development processes?” The study draws from qualitative interviews with 17 Norwegian adolescents. The findings indicate that adolescents are ambivalent about their relationships with social networking sites, producing ripple effects on their motivation and disconnection practices. The findings are explained through the cultivation of narrative identity. Thus, this article proposes that adolescent digital disconnection is aligned with identity formation, reflected in narrative themes and corresponding features. By detailing how ongoing identity construction processes underpin the need and ability to disconnect, this article contributes a developmental perspective to the digital disconnection literature.
Elastic wave pre-stack reverse-time migration based on the second-order P- and S-wave decoupling equation
Authors: Bao Yu , Wang Yong , Deng Guangxiao , Mao Qinghui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The problems of large computation, large storage and low-frequency noises have been the key factors limiting the development of elastic wave pre-stack reverse-time migration (RTM). Most research has centered on the wave equation of first-order velocity stress and using Helmholtz separation to get pure primary and secondary waves. However, the cost is enormous and the amplitude and phase of wavefields will be changed. So, we use the second-order P- and S-wave decoupling equations to construct seismic wavefields that reduce the number of variables, and the storage space required for boundary wavefields is reduced by ∼78%. Then we bring the boundary-saving approach into our study during the wavefield extrapolation process so that we can reconstruct the source wavefields completely. Finally, for the wave equations of second-order displacement used in this study, the Poynting vector expressed by the traditional method was not applicable. Therefore, we derived the formula of the energy flux density vector represented by displacements and used it in directional traveling wave decomposition to suppress low-frequency noise in the imaging profile. Subsequently, based on the inner product imaging conditions, the RTM of the 2-D salt dome model was calculated. The results illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed solution.
Single Mowing Event Does Not Reduce Abundance of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) and Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) on Recreational Hiking Trails
Authors: Lee Xia , Maxson George-Ann , Paskewitz Susan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nuisance and medically important ticks can be abundant in a variety of forested landscapes, including recreational parks. Strategies to reduce the abundance of host-seeking ticks in high-use areas within parks are limited. Mowing vegetation is a recommended method to control ticks, but few studies have evaluated the efficacy of this practice. The goal of this study was to determine if a single mowing event could reduce the abundance of host-seeking ticks on recreational trails. Ticks were collected by dragging trails at three recreational parks in northern Minnesota during June and July, 2021. A pre-intervention sample was taken followed by six consecutive weeks of tick sampling. We encountered a total of 3,456 ticks (2,459 Ixodes scapularis Say and 997 Dermacentor variabilis L.) during the 7-week study period. There were no significant differences in the abundance of I. scapularis (adults) or D. variabilis (adults only) between control and mown trail sections. Mowing was a significant predictor of nymphal I. scapularis abundance but trended towards more ticks in mown sections compared to controls. These results suggest that a single mowing intervention during early June is likely to be ineffective as a strategy to reduce the risk of human contacts with ticks on trails.
MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) – IV. The gaseous environment of z ∼ 3–4 Ly α emitting galaxies
Authors: Lofthouse Emma K , Fumagalli Michele , Fossati Matteo , Dutta Rajeshwari , Galbiati Marta , Arrigoni Battaia Fabrizio , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Christensen Lise , Cooke Ryan J , Longobardi Alessia , Murphy Michael T , Prochaska J Xavier 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the link between galaxies and H i-selected absorption systems at z ∼ 3–4 in the MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) survey, an ESO large programme consisting of integral field spectroscopic observations of 28 quasar fields hosting 61 strong absorbers with $\rm N_{\rm H\,{\small I}}\gtrsim 10^{16.5}~\rm cm^{-2}$. We identify 127 Ly α emitting galaxies (LAEs) around the absorbers, corresponding to a detection rate of 82 ± 16 per cent. The luminosity function of these LAEs is ≈5 times higher in normalization than the field population and we detect a significant clustering of galaxies with respect to the gas, confirming that high column density absorbers and LAEs trace each other. Between 30 and 40 per cent of the absorbers are associated with multiple LAEs, which lie preferentially along filaments. Galaxies in groups also exhibit a three times higher covering factor of optically thick gas compared to isolated systems. No significant correlations are identified between the emission properties of LAEs and the absorption properties of optically thick gas clouds, except for a weak preference of brighter and multiple galaxies to reside near broad absorbers. Based on the measured impact parameters and the covering factor, we conclude that the near totality of optically thick gas in the Universe can be found in the outer circumgalactic medium (CGM) of LAEs or in the intergalactic medium (IGM) in proximity to these galaxies. Thus, LAEs act as tracers of larger scale structures within which both galaxies and optically thick clouds are embedded. The patchy and inhomogeneous nature of the CGM and IGM explains the lack of correlations between absorption and emission properties. This implies that very large samples are needed to unveil the trends that encode the properties of the baryon cycle.
The effect of the deforming dark matter haloes of the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud on the Orphan–Chenab stream
Authors: Lilleengen Sophia , Petersen Michael S , Erkal Denis , Peñarrubia Jorge , Koposov Sergey E , Li Ting S , Cullinane Lara R , Ji Alexander P , Kuehn Kyler , Lewis Geraint F , Mackey Dougal , Pace Andrew B , Shipp Nora , Zucker Daniel B , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Hilmi Tariq ,   (S5 Collaboration)
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
It has recently been shown that the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has a substantial effect on the Milky Way’s stellar halo and stellar streams. Here, we explore how deformations of the Milky Way and LMC’s dark matter haloes affect stellar streams, and whether these effects are observable. In particular, we focus on the Orphan–Chenab (OC) stream which passes particularly close to the LMC and spans a large portion of the Milky Way’s halo. We represent the Milky Way–LMC system using basis function expansions that capture their evolution in an N-body simulation. We present the properties of this system, such as the evolution of the densities and force fields of each galaxy. The OC stream is evolved in this time-dependent, deforming potential, and we investigate the effects of the various moments of the Milky Way and the LMC. We find that the simulated OC stream is strongly influenced by the deformations of both the Milky Way and the LMC and that this effect is much larger than current observational errors. In particular, the Milky Way dipole has the biggest impact on the stream, followed by the evolution of the LMC’s monopole, and the LMC’s quadrupole. Detecting these effects would confirm a key prediction of collisionless, cold dark matter, and would be a powerful test of alternative dark matter and alternative gravity models.
Orphan crops and the vulnerability of rural livelihoods: The case of enset in Ethiopia
Authors: Feyisa Ashenafi Duguma , de Mey Yann , Maertens Miet 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study examines the role of enset or false banana, an orphan crop with high resilience to extreme environmental conditions, high nutritional value, and long storability, in the livelihood of rural households in Ethiopia. With its specific characteristics, enset could reduce households’ vulnerability but this is poorly understood as orphan crops typically receive little research attention. We analyze the contribution of enset to household income, food security, and vulnerability to shocks. We use data from a comprehensive household survey, covering 684 rural households in Southern Ethiopia. We rely on the sustainable livelihoods framework to guide the empirical analysis and use a stepwise regression approach combined with a control function method to limit endogeneity bias. We find that household income slightly improves with enset cultivation, but food security does not. Yet, enset plants significantly reduce the negative impact of shocks on food security. Households with enset plants are less vulnerable to shocks and perceive less risk.
Integrating technology to increase the reach of CBT-I: state of the science and challenges ahead
Authors: Manber Rachel , Alcántara Carmela , Bei Bei , Morin Charles M , van Straten Annemieke A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this Round Table Discussion, an international panel of experts discuss issues related to the use of technology in the delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), in order to increase its reach. Panelists were, in alphabetical order, Carmela Alcántara, PhD, an Associate Professor at Columbia University School of Social Work in New York, USA, Bei Bei, PhD., an Associate Professor at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, Charles M. Morin, PhD., a Professor of Psychology at Laval University in Quebec City, Canada, and Annemieke A. van Straten, PhD., a Professor of Clinical Psychology at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The session was chaired by Rachel Manber, PhD., a Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University, in Palo Alto, California, USA. In their introductions each panelist discussed the use of technology in their respective country. All indicated that the most common way technology is used in the treatment of insomnia is through the use of video calls (telemedicine) to deliver individual CBT-I, and that this is mostly covered by publicly funded health insurance programs such as Medicare, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. There are also some fully automated insomnia treatment programs, but they’re often not covered by Medicare or other health insurance programs.
Integrated PET and confocal imaging informs a functional timeline for the dynamic process of vascular reconnection during grafting
Authors: Frank Margaret H. , Komarov Sergey , Wang Qiang , Li Ke , Hecking Matthew , Fowler Halley , Ravenburg Claire , Widmier Audrey , Johnson Arielle , Thomas Hannah , Coneva Viktoriya , Chitwood Daniel H. , Tai Yuan-Chuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGrafting is a widely used agricultural technique that involves the physical joining of separate plant parts so they form a unified vascular system, enabling beneficial traits from independent genotypes to be captured in a single plant. This simple, yet powerful tool has been used for thousands of years to improve abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, enhance yield, and alter plant architecture in diverse crop systems. Despite the global importance and ancient history of grafting, our understanding of the fundamental biological processes that make this technique successful remains limited, making it difficult to efficiently expand on new genotypic graft combinations. One of the key determinants of successful grafting is the formation of the graft junction, an anatomically unique region where xylem and phloem strands connect between newly joined plant parts to form a unified vascular system. Here, we use an integrated imaging approach to establish a spatiotemporal framework for graft junction formation in the model cropSolanum lycopersicum(tomato), a plant that is commonly grafted worldwide to boost yield and improve abiotic and biotic stress resistance. By combining Positron Emission Tomography (PET), a technique that enables the spatio-temporal tracking of radiolabeled molecules, with high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), we are able to merge detailed, anatomical differentiation of the graft junction with a quantitative timeline for when xylem and phloem connections are functionally re-established. In this timeline, we identify a 72-hour window when anatomically connected xylem and phloem strands regain functional capacity, with phloem restoration typically preceding xylem restoration by about 24-hours. Furthermore, we identify heterogeneity in this developmental and physiological timeline that corresponds with microvariability in the physical contact between newly joined rootstock-scion tissues. Our integration of PET and confocal imaging technologies provides a spatio-temporal timeline that will enable future investigations into cellular and tissue patterning events that underlie successful versus failed vascular restoration across the graft junction.