bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral Root Formation
Authors: Bellande Kevin , Laplaze Laurent , Guyomarc'h Soazig 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe underground development of the plant root system is a complex and plastic process. It enables the plants to mine hydromineral resources while dealing with changes in their environment. Root branching via lateral root formation is considered as an important trait because it greatly influences root system architecture and impacts plant growth and crop performance. In the past few years, major progresses in understanding the mechanisms of root branching have been made. Technical advances lift the veil on multiple molecular and cellular processes that contribute to the robust formation of new lateral roots in plant models and to its response to endogenous and environmental cues. Developing translational approaches should increase in the coming decades to allow a global and integrative vision of root system development and the mechanisms of root branching in various plant species. Moreover, exploring the genetic diversity that modulates this fundamental process opens the way to breeding crops with more efficient root system architectures.Key ConceptsLateral root formation significantly influences root system architecture, a key trait for plant interaction with the soil and especially, plant nutrition.Lateral root primordium initiation, development and emergence from the primary root have been well described in several plant model species.Lateral root formation is highly regulated. Many molecular mechanisms involved in this organogenesis process are known in detail, especially in the plant modelArabidopsis thaliana.Among these, the phytohormone auxin is a key regulatory signal influencing each step of lateral root formation.A complex regulatory network, integrating intercellular signals and mechanical constraints, triggers regularly spaced initiation of lateral root formation, allows robust organ patterning, and controls the lateral root primordium growth through the overlaying primary root tissues.Endogenous and environmental signals modulate lateral root formation kinetics and emergence, yielding plasticity in root system development.Comparison of lateral root development in different plant species reveals specific and conserved pathways.Genetic diversity can be explored and used to breed crops with optimised root branching properties.
IoT enabled lung cancer detection and routing algorithm using CBSOA‐based ShCNN
Authors: Gnanasigamani Samuel Raj Emil Selvan , Diana Jeba Jingle Issac , Maram Balajee , Ananth John Patrick 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) has tremendously spread worldwide, and it influenced the world through easy connectivity, interoperability, and interconnectivity using IoT devices. Numerous techniques have been developed using IoT‐enabled health care systems for cancer detection, but some limitations exist in transmitting the health data to the cloud. The limitations can be accomplished using the proposed chronological‐based social optimization algorithm (CBSOA) that effectively transmits the patient's health data using IoT network, thereby detecting lung cancer in an effective way. Initially, nodes in the IoT network are simulated such that patient's health data are collected, and for transmission of such data, routing is performed in order to transmit the health data from source to destination through a gateway based on cloud service using CBSOA. The fitness is newly modeled by assuming the factors like energy, distance, trust, delay, and link quality. Finally, lung cancer detection is carried out at the destination point. At the destination point, the acquired input data is fed to preprocessing phase to make the data acceptable for further mechanism using data normalization. Once the feature selection is done using Canberra distance, then the lung cancer detection is performed using shepard convolutional neural network (ShCNN). The process of routing as well as training of ShCNN is performed using the CBSOA algorithm, which is devised by the inclusion of the chronological concept into the social optimization algorithm. The proposed approach has achieved a maximum accuracy of 0.940, maximum sensitivity of 0.941, maximum specificity of 0.928, and minimum energy of 0.452.
Dual‐Phase Stabilized Perovskite Nanowires for Reduced Defects and Longer Carrier Lifetime
Authors: Shin Yoo Min , Lee Ji Hyeon , Kim Geon Yeong , Ju Hae Mee , Jung Yeon Sik , Jo Jea Woong , Choi Min‐Jae 
Published: November 2022

Abstract1D perovskite materials are of significant interest to build a new class of nanostructures for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, the study of colloidal perovskite nanowires (PNWs) lags far behind those of other established perovskite materials such as perovskite quantum dots and perovskite thin films. Herein, a dual‐phase passivation strategy to synthesize all‐inorganic PNWs with minimized surface defects is reported. The local phase transition from CsPbBr3 to CsPb2Br5 in PNWs increases the photoluminescence quantum yield, carrier lifetime, and water‐resistivity, owing to the energetic and chemical passivation effect. In addition, these dual‐phase PNWs are employed as an interfacial layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The enhanced surface passivation results in an efficient carrier transfer in PSCs, which is a critical enabler to increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 22.87%, while the device without PNWs exhibits a PCE of 20.74%. The proposed strategy provides a surface passivation platform in 1D perovskites, which can lead to the development of novel nanostructures for future optoelectronic devices.
Magneto‐Thermomechanically Reprogrammable Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Zou Bihui , Liang Zihe , Zhong Dijia , Cui Zhiming , Xiao Kai , Shao Shuang , Ju Jaehyung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFuture active metamaterials for reconfigurable structural applications require fast, untethered, reversible, and reprogrammable (multimodal) transformability with shape locking. Magnetic control has a superior advantage for fast and remotely controlled deployment; however, a significant drawback is needed to maintain the magnetic force to hold the transformation, limiting its use in structural applications. The shape‐locking property of shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) can resolve this issue. However, the intrinsic irreversibility of SMPs may limit their reconfigurability as active metamaterials. Moreover, to date, reprogrammable methods have required high power with laser and arc welding proving to be energy‐inefficient control methods. In this work, a magneto‐thermomechanical tool is constructed and demonstrated, which enables a single material system to transform with untethered, reversible, low‐powered reprogrammable deformations, and shape locking via the application of magneto‐thermomechanically triggered prestress on the SMP and structural instability with asymmetric magnetic torque. The mutual assistance of two physics concepts—magnetic control combined with the thermomechanical behavior of SMPs is demonstrated, without requiring new materials synthesis and high‐power energy for reprogramming. This approach can open a new path of active metamaterials, flexible yet stiff soft robots, multimodal morphing structures, and mechanical computing devices where it can be designed in reversible and reprogrammable ways.
A Highly Efficacious Electrical Biofilm Treatment System for Combating Chronic Wound Bacterial Infections
Authors: Zhao Fan , Su Yajuan , Wang Junying , Romanova Svetlana , DiMaio Dominick J. , Xie Jingwei , Zhao Siwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiofilm infection has a high prevalence in chronic wounds and can delay wound healing. Current treatment using debridement and antibiotic administration imposes a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems. To address their limitations, a highly efficacious electrical antibiofilm treatment system is described in this paper. This system uses high‐intensity current (75 mA cm−2) to completely debride biofilm above the wound surface and enhance antibiotic delivery into biofilm‐infected wounds simultaneously. Combining these two effects, this system uses short treatments (≤2 h) to reduce bacterial count of methicillin‐resistantS. aureus(MRSA) biofilm‐infected ex vivo skin wounds from 1010to 105.2colony‐forming units (CFU) g−1. Taking advantage of the hydrogel ionic circuit design, this system enhances the in vivo safety of high‐intensity current application compared to conventional devices. The in vivo antibiofilm efficacy of the system is tested using a diabetic mouse‐based wound infection model. MRSA biofilm bacterial count decreases from 109.0to 104.6CFU g−1at 1 day post‐treatment and to 103.3CFU g−1at 7 days post‐treatment, both of which are below the clinical threshold for infection. Overall, this novel technology provides a quick, safe, yet highly efficacious treatment to chronic wound biofilm infections.
High Symmetry Metal‐Dielectric Photonic Crystal Organic Light Emitting Diodes With Single‐Cavity Unit Cells
Authors: Allemeier David , Sobolew Nicholas , Magnifico Sean , Henry Katherine , Abua Edward , White Matthew S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVertically‐stacked organic light emitting diode (OLED) microcavities form 1D metal‐dielectric photonic crystals (MDPC) with many degrees of freedom for engineering complex emission profiles. The photonic band structure of the MDPC OLED is determined by the underlying unit cell and is particularly sensitive to the properties of the metallic electrodes. The electronic requirements of microcavity OLED fabrication often necessitate dissimilar metallic electrodes to achieve good performance. This can profoundly impact the photonic properties of a MDPC by doubling the unit cell length. This work presents a MDPC OLED formed with single‐cavity unit cells by employing optically similar Ag alloys as the semi‐transparent electrode materials. The crystal is found to display a single photonic band without a band gap up to eight stacked cavities. The states within the band are evenly‐spaced and clearly resolved, which is critical for applications seeking to utilize specific photonic states. Design considerations are presented for optimizing the photonic behavior of MDPC OLEDs through selective control of the optical properties of metallic alloys.
Visualization of Flow‐Induced Strain Using Structural Color in Channel‐Free Polydimethylsiloxane Devices
Authors: Shiba Kota , Zhuang Chao , Minami Kosuke , Imamura Gaku , Tamura Ryo , Samitsu Sadaki , Idei Takumi , Yoshikawa Genki , Sun Luyi , Weitz David A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMeasuring flow of gases is of fundamental importance yet is typically done with complex equipment. There is, therefore, a longstanding need for a simple and inexpensive means of flow measurement. Here, gas flow is measured using an extremely simple device that consists of an Ar plasma‐treated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slab adhered on a glass substrate with a tight seal. This device does not even have a channel, instead, gas can flow between the PDMS and the glass by deforming the PDMS wall, in other words, by making an interstice as a temporary path for the flow. The formation of the temporary path results in a compressive bending stress at the inner wall of the path, which leads to the formation of well‐ordered wrinkles, and hence, the emergence of structural color that changes the optical transmittance of the device. Although it is very simple, this setup works sufficiently well to measure arbitrary gases and analyzes their flow rates, densities, and viscosities based on the change in color. It is also demonstrated that this technique is applicable to the flow‐induced display of a pattern such as a logo for advanced applications.
Reassessing Fano Resonance for Broadband, High‐Efficiency, and Ultrafast Terahertz Wave Switching
Authors: Hu Yuze , Tong Mingyu , Hu Siyang , He Weibao , Cheng Xiang'ai , Jiang Tian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMiniaturized ultrafast switchable optical components with high efficiency and broadband response are in high demand to the development of optical imaging, sensing, and high‐speed communication. Sharp Fano‐type resonance switched by active materials is one of the key concepts that underpins the control of light in metaoptics with high sensitivity. However, actuating such metasurfaces exhibits a long‐standing trade‐off between modulation depth and operational bandwidth. Here, the limitations are circumvented by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental realization of an achromatic Fano metasurface so that a high contrast of tunability with ultrafast switching rate over a broad range of frequency is achieved. By developing the physics of inter‐mode coupling, the Fano metasurface is designed according to a complete phase diagram derived from coupled mode theory. Unlike conventional Fano metasurfaces, the cross‐polarized inter‐metaatoms coupling is discovered as a superior ability of high‐efficiency broadband achromatic polarization conversion. To prove the ultrasensitive nature, a metadevice is constructed by incorporating a thin amorphous Ge layer with a weak photoconductivity perturbation. Transmission modulation over broadband frequency range from 0.6 to 1.1 THz is thus successfully realized, featuring its merits of modulation depth over 90% and On–Off–On switching cycle less than 10 ps.
An Energy Dissipative Binder for Self‐Tuning Silicon Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tong Yihong , Jin Siyu , Xu Hongyuan , Li Jiawei , Kong Zhao , Jin Hong , Xu Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe volume change of the silicon anode seriously affects the electrode integrity and cycle stability. Herein, a binder, GCA13, with energy dissipation function and surface stability effect is proposed to enhance the cycle life and specific capacity. Unlike traditional binders that protect silicon electrodes through long‐chain networks, GCA13 introduces citric acid molecules with short‐range functions on the long‐chain guar gum through weak interconnection. This short‐range action is similar to the function of a spring, which can effectively buffer the silicon particle pulverization caused by the volume change. Therefore, the electrode can effectively maintain structural integration with ignorable cracks and alleviated thickness swelling. Thus, the Si@GCA13 anode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1184 mAh g−1 under 2 A g−1 after 740 cycles with a latter coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. Extraordinarily, benefiting from the superior properties of the GCA13 binder, the electrode shows remarkable cycling stability under low (−15 and 0 °C) and high temperatures (60 °C). The work demonstrates the great potential of this binder design strategy to achieve the overall property promotion of Si anodes for practical application even under harsh service conditions.
Electrophilic Oxythio/selenocyanation of o‐Alkenyl Benzoic Acids: Divergent Synthesis of Thio/selenocyanated Isobenzofuranones and Isocoumarins
Authors: Tao Shanqing , Jiang Luchen , Du Yunfei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA transition‐metal free thio/selenocyanation of o‐alkenyl benzoic acids via the electrophilic Cl−S(Se)CN species, in‐situ generated from inorganic thio/selenocyanating salt and PhICl2, has been realized under mild reaction conditions. This protocol offers a divergent synthesis of thio/selenocyanated isobenzofuranones and isocoumarins, depending on the substitution type of the substrates.
APOE ε4 carrier status and sex differentiate rates of cognitive decline in early‐ and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Polsinelli Angelina J. , Logan Paige E. , Lane Kathleen A. , Manchella Mohit K. , Nemes Sára , Sanjay Apoorva Bharthur , Gao Sujuan , Apostolova Liana G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe studied the effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status and sex on rates of cognitive decline in early‐ (EO) and late‐ (LO) onset Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodWe ran mixed‐effects models with longitudinal cognitive measures as dependent variables, and sex, APOE ε4 carrier status, and interaction terms as predictor variables in 998 EOAD and 2562 LOAD participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center.ResultsAPOE ε4 carriers showed accelerated cognitive decline relative to non‐carriers in both EOAD and LOAD, although the patterns of specific cognitive domains that were affected differed. Female participants showed accelerated cognitive decline relative to male participants in EOAD only. The effect of APOE ε4 was greater in EOAD for executive functioning (p < 0.0001) and greater in LOAD for language (p < 0.0001).ConclusionWe found APOE ε4 effects on cognitive decline in both EOAD and LOAD and female sex in EOAD only. The specific patterns and magnitude of decline are distinct between the two disease variants.Highlights
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status and sex differentiate rates of cognitive decline in early‐onset (EO) and late‐onset (LO) Alzheimer's disease (AD).
APOE ε4 in EOAD accelerated decline in memory, executive, and processing speed domains.
Female sex in EOAD accelerated decline in language, memory, and global cognition.
The effect of APOE ε4 was stronger for language in LOAD and for executive function in EOAD.
Sex effects on language and executive function decline differed between EOAD and LOAD.
Tubers Affecting the Fusiform Face Area Are Associated with Autism Diagnosis
Authors: Cohen Alexander L. , Kroeck Mallory R. , Wall Juliana , McManus Peter , Ovchinnikova Arina , Sahin Mustafa , Krueger Darcy A. , Bebin E. Martina , Northrup Hope , Wu Joyce Y. , Warfield Simon K. , Peters Jurriaan M. , Fox Michael D. ,   the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Autism Center of Excellence Network Study Group
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is associated with focal brain “tubers” and a high incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The location of brain tubers associated with autism may provide insight into the neuroanatomical substrate of ASD symptoms.MethodsWe delineated tuber locations for 115 TSC participants with ASD (n = 31) and without ASD (n = 84) from the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Autism Center of Excellence Research Network. We tested for associations between ASD diagnosis and tuber burden within the whole brain, specific lobes, and at 8 regions of interest derived from the ASD neuroimaging literature, including the anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal and posterior parietal cortices, inferior frontal and fusiform gyri, superior temporal sulcus, amygdala, and supplemental motor area. Next, we performed an unbiased data‐driven voxelwise lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analysis. Finally, we calculated the risk of ASD associated with positive findings from the above analyses.ResultsThere were no significant ASD‐related differences in tuber burden across the whole brain, within specific lobes, or within a priori regions derived from the ASD literature. However, using VLSM analysis, we found that tubers involving the right fusiform face area (FFA) were associated with a 3.7‐fold increased risk of developing ASD.InterpretationAlthough TSC is a rare cause of ASD, there is a strong association between tuber involvement of the right FFA and ASD diagnosis. This highlights a potentially causative mechanism for developing autism in TSC that may guide research into ASD symptoms more generally. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:577–590
Preparation and evaluation of acryloyl morpholine modified emulsion fracturing fluid thickener with high temperature resistance and salt resistance
Authors: Shi Shenglong , Sun Jinsheng , Lv Kaihe , Wen Qingzhi , Bai Yingrui , Wang Jintang , Jin Jiafeng , Liu Jingping , Huang Xianbin , Li Jian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo prepare the thickener of fracturing fluid with temperature resistance, salt resistance and quick dissolution, an emulsion thickener (ASC) was synthesized by acrylamide, acrylic acid, 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid, and acryloyl morpholine. The dissolution, salt resistance and drag reduction of ASC, and the viscoelasticity, temperature resistance and shear resistance and gel breaking properties of fracturing fluid formed by ASC and zirconium crosslinker were investigated. The results showed that the sticky time of ASC was less than 60 s and the drag reduction rate was 72.5% in 100,000 mg/L brine, showing that ASC had thickening ability in high salinity brine and satisfied the requirements of continuous fluid preparation on the fracturing process. The viscosity of ASC fracturing fluid was 98 mPa s after shearing at 200°C and 170 s−1 for 150 min when the salinity was 100,000 mg/L. When the ammonium persulfate concentration was 400 mg/L, the viscosity of the broken fluid was 4.0 mPa s. The temperature resistance, salt resistance and shear resistance of ASC emulsion fracturing fluid could be significantly improved by the introduction of acryloyl morpholine, ASC fracturing fluid had the characteristics of high elasticity and low viscosity, which could meet the application requirements under ultra‐high temperature reservoirs.
Biomimicking tendon by electrospinning tissue‐derived decellularized extracellular matrix for tendon tissue engineering
Authors: Ruhela Aakanksha , Bhatt Akshay , Rath Subha Narayan , Sharma Chandra Shekhar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTendon injuries disturb the equilibrium between mobility and stability, resulting in impaired functions and disabilities. Clinically, it is still challenging to regenerate fully functional tendons. Here, by direct electrospinning, we fabricate goat tendon‐derived extracellular matrix (tdECM) fibers using polycaprolactone (PCL) as a supporting polymer. We observe that the incorporation of tdECM particles strongly influences the characteristics of the scaffold, such as wettability, water uptake ability, and mechanical properties. The contact angle of the PCL/tdECM scaffold decreases to zero as compared to 122° for only PCL, making the scaffold completely hydrophilic. The water uptake ability increases by 200% by adding tdECM. The Physicochemical properties are evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrospun fibers mimic the natural ECM structure, while tdECM can provide biochemical cues for the human mesenchymal stem cells to adhere to and differentiate. The scaffolds positively influence cell survival, proliferation, and alignment along the scaffolds of the human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs). This study demonstrates the potential of electrospun ECM/polymer as a bioactive scaffold for in situ tendon regeneration.
Experimental study on the constitutive model of optically clear adhesive films under rapid loading
Authors: Li Xiangzhe , Li Wenyu , Huo Mingchen , Xu Jinquan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe mechanical properties of optically clear adhesive (OCA) films can be anisotropy and viscoelasticity, and they are distinguished from conventional linear elasticity and hyper‐elasticity. These properties should be considered to analyze the interfacial stress, which plays an important role in evaluating the failure of a structure containing OCA. Based on well‐designed systematical experiments in the material's principal axes, a phenomenological constitutive model of OCA has been proposed in a transversely isotropic and rate‐dependent form. For the application to large deformation cases, the constitutive model was developed by using true stress and true strain. Results show that the well‐known assumption of volume‐incompressibility is not appropriate for OCA, and Poisson's ratio can vary with the loading rate and the current strain. Considering that the mono‐axial mechanical behaviors along the material's principal axes present strong non‐linearity, an incremental three‐dimensional constitutive model has been developed for finite element method (FEM) implementation. By comparing with traditional isotropic elastic and hyperelastic models, numerical examination results show that the proposed constitutive model can give a more accurate description of experimental stress–strain curves.