bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking Gas‐phase Balance and Processes at the Solid Catalyst Surface with Pulse Series Method
Authors: Friedland Jens , Güttel Robert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSingle pulse and pulse series reactions are used investigating the link between the gas‐phase (macro scale) and the solid surface (micro scale) of full‐transient catalytic systems. Therefore, the gas‐phase balance and the surface balance are combined based on a mathematical model considering accumulation on the micro scale derived from the gas‐phase balance. An internal standard is applied to calculate the transient amount of atomic species stored in the catalytic system. The model is used to analyze experimental results obtained from CO methanation on Ni/Al2O3 as example reaction applying single pulse and pulse series reaction between 200–300 °C. The examination of the experiments reveals the possibility to determine the transient accumulation on the micro scale from the gas‐phase balance, which is about 80 μmol gcat−1 for carbon and even more for oxygen. Hence, the presented method provides atomic balances on the catalyst surface and complements sophisticated experimental techniques, such as isotopic labeling or surface spectroscopy.
Application of chemometrics on Raman spectra from Mars: Recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Veneranda Marco , Manrique Jose Antonio , Sanz‐Arranz Aurelio , Julve Gonzalez Sofia , Prieto Garcia Clara , Pascual Sanchez Elena , Konstantinidis Menelaos , Charro Elena , Lopez Jose Manuel , Gonzalez Manuel Angel , Rull Fernando , Lopez‐Reyes Guillermo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe SuperCam and SHERLOC instruments onboard the NASA/Perseverance rover are returning the first Raman spectra to be ever collected from another planet. Similarly, the RLS instrument onboard the ESA/Rosalind Franklin rover will collect Raman spectra from powdered rocks sampled from the subsurface of Mars. To optimize the scientific exploitation of Raman spectra returned from planetary exploration missions, tailored chemometric tools are being developed that take into account the analytical capability of the mentioned Raman spectrometers. In this framework, the ERICA research group is using laboratory simulators of SuperCam and RLS to perform representative laboratory studies that will enhance the scientific outcome of both Mars2020 and ExoMars missions. On one hand, preliminary studies proved the chemometric analysis of RLS datasets could be used to obtain a reliable semi‐quantitative estimation of the main mineral phases composing Martian geological samples. On the other hand, it was proved the data fusion of Raman and LIBS spectra gathered by SuperCam could be used to enhance the discrimination of mineral phases from remote geological targets. Besides describing the models developed by the ERICA group, this work presents an overview of the complementary chemometric approaches so far tested in this field of study and propose further improvements to be addressed in the future.
Spin‐Labeled Riboswitch Synthesized from a Protected TPA Phosphoramidite Building Block
Authors: Kaiser Frank , Endeward Burkhard , Collauto Alberto , Scheffer Ute , Prisner Thomas F. , Göbel Michael W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe nitroxide TPA (2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐pyrrolin‐1‐oxyl‐3‐acetylene) is an excellent spin label for EPR studies of RNA. Previous synthetic methods, however, are complicated and require special equipment. Herein, we describe a uridine derived phosphoramidite with a photocaged TPA unit attached. The light sensitive 2‐nitrobenzyloxymethyl group can be removed in high yield by short irradiation at 365 nm. Based on this approach, a doubly spin‐labeled 27mer neomycin sensing riboswitch was synthesized and studied by PELDOR. The overall thermal stability of the fold is not much reduced by TPA. In‐line probing nevertheless detected changes in local mobility.
Phase equilibria of methane/TBAC mixed hydrates in the presence of produced water
Authors: Bollineni Chandradeep , Daraboina Nagu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProduced water (PW) is a by‐product and one of the major pollutants from the oil and gas industry. PW contains various pollutants and must be treated as per environmental regulations before its disposal or reuse. Thus, it presents a substantial economic and ecological problem in the oil and gas industry. Currently, there is ongoing research on various methods to treat PW efficiently. Hydrate‐based water desalination is one of the promising technologies. There is a continuing effort to identify a suitable hydrate former that can enhance the commercial feasibility of the process. This study investigates tetra‐n‐butyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) + methane as a potential clathrate former. The hydrate equilibrium temperatures of the mixed hydrates (TBAC + methane) are significantly higher at a given pressure than methane hydrates, suggesting the suitability of mixed hydrates for process development. There was a significant increase in the phase equilibrium temperature at 5 wt.% TBAC in the presence of PW compared to deionized water (DI), but the effect faded away as TBAC concentration increased in the solution. This can be attributed to a higher amount of chloride ions as the TBAC concentration is increased. These results elucidate the necessity to optimize the TBAC concentrations to develop an efficient hydrate desalination process for higher saline concentrations.
H2AFX might be a prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Hailiang , Zhong Tao , Jiang Suwei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundH2AFX can play a central role in DNA repair, replication, transcription regulation, and chromosomal stability. However, there is little research to explore the expression of H2AFX in cancers. Moreover, the correlation between the expression of H2AFX and tumor immunity, which affects the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is not clear. This article aimed to observe the correlation between H2AFX and tumor tissue infiltration biomarkers in HCC and its prognostic potential in HCC.MethodOncomine and TIMER database were used to assess the expression level of H2AFX mRNA, and GEPIA and Kaplan–Meier databases were used to evaluate its prognostic potential. The TIMER database analyzed the relationship between h2afx expression level and tumor immune cell infiltration markers in liver cancer tissues.ResultsThe results showed that H2AFX was overexpressed in tumor tissues than normal tissues in HCC via analysis, and its expression level was correlated with the survival rate of HCC. Moreover, the expression level of H2AFX was related to various immune biomarkers. These results show that overexpression of H2AFX would reflect the poor prognosis of HCC, and these would also reflect that the gene H2AFX can affect the infiltration of HCC immune cells and then play a role in regulating tumor immunity.ConclusionOur study showed that the gene H2AFX might be a potential poor prognostic biomarker in HCC and might be involved in the infiltration of HCC immune cells.
Secure reputation and morphism‐based offloading scheme: A veritable tool for multi‐party computation in Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Olakanmi Oladayo Olufemi , Odeyemi Kehinde Oluwasesan 
Published: July 2022

SummaryComputations offload for multi‐party computation (MPC) in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) involves the transfer of resource‐intensive industrial computations of resource‐constraint industrial nodes (sourcers) to idle and powerful nodes (workers) such as hardware accelerator grids, IIoT gateways, and cloud servers. However, verifying the results of the offloaded computations and solving the ensuing security and privacy problems have been the drawbacks of MPC in IIoT. Although the morphism approach is currently being used for ensuring the correctness of the results of the outsource computations, it has been proved that its overhead increases as the number of the computations increases. In this article, we formulate a secure offloading scheme capable of achieving perfect verification of the results using reputation and morphism and providing security requirements for effective MPC. Performance and security analyses show that the scheme is not only secure, but also ensures privacy preservation, fairness, and perfect verification of the result at a low cost.
Certificateless linkable ring signature‐based blockchains for securing cognitive radio networks
Authors: Duraisamy Abitha Kumari , Ramaraj Raja Guru , Manoharan Mathankumar , Alagarsamy Manjunathan 
Published: July 2022

SummaryRapid advancement in industrial applications of Internet of Things (IoT) has dramatically increased the number of Internet connected devices resulting in big challenges of scalability, adaptability, connectivity, and accessibility. Cognitive radio is efficient in handling spectrum allocation problem by facilitating the allocation of unlicensed spectrum dynamically to the IoT applications. However, cognitive radio network (CRN) capability of spectrum sensing is highly vulnerable to diversified number of security attacks. Malicious user disturbs the spectrum sensing potential and minimizes its accuracy by launching attacks during the detection of primary signal. In this article, certificateless linkable ring signature‐based blockchains (CLRSB) is proposed for securing CRNs by achieving reliable discrimination between trustworthy users through cryptographic keys. It initially transformed the complete set of users such as PUs and SUs into the structure of blocks representing the smart contracts‐based traditional public ledger blockchain that gets integrated to form a decentralized network for attaining improvement in efficient spectrum sensing. It adopted a mayfly optimization algorithm (MFOA)‐improved CNN (MFOA‐ICNN)‐based spectrum sensing method for preventing the interference between PUs and SUs during spectrum access. It also used MFOA for optimizing the features with balanced trade‐off between exploration and exploitation to identify the remarkable features that attributes toward efficient spectrum sensing. It specifically used CLRS for protecting information about the transaction initiator for the objective of protecting blockchain privacy. Simulation experiments of this CLRSB confirmed better response time and minimized frame loss on an average by 18.13% and 17.81%, better than the baseline schemes used for investigation.
Task scheduling to a virtual machine using a multi‐objective mayfly approach for a cloud environment
Authors: Durairaj Selvam , Sridhar Rajeswari 
Published: July 2022

SummaryCloud computing has been progressively popular in the arenas of research and business in the recent years. Virtualization is a resource management approach used in today's cloud computing environment. Virtual Machine (VM) migration algorithms allow for more dynamic resource allocation, as well as improvement in computing power and communication capability in cloud data centers. This necessitates an intelligent optimization approach to VM allocation design for an improved performance of application. In this article, a multi‐objective optimal design approach is proposed to tackle the tasks of VM allocation. Multi‐Objective Optimization (MOO) is a strategy adopted by several methods to handle tasks and workflow scheduling issues that deal with numerous opposing goals. In the cloud computing context, effective task scheduling is critical for achieving cost effective implementation as well as resource utilization. To address the optimal solution, this article proposes an entropy‐based multi objective mayfly algorithm is assessed using a convergence pattern in MOO. The model is tested by implementing in a cloud simulator and results prove that the recommended model has an improved performance with regard to factors such as time and utilization rate.
Carbohydrates complement high‐protein diets to maximize the growth of an actively hunting predator
Authors: Wiggins Will D. , Wilder Shawn M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn nature, food is often variable in composition and availability. As a consequence, predators may need to seek non‐prey food sources. Some predators are known to feed on nectar when food is limited. Nectar and other carbohydrate resources could also be beneficial when prey are more abundant if it helps predators balance protein‐biased diets. We tested if an actively hunting predator, the jumping spider, Phidippus audax, benefited from liquid carbohydrates when prey were not limited. We also tested if the benefit of carbohydrates varied with the nutrient content of prey (i.e., from protein to lipid biased). Spiders were reared on one of six live prey, Drosophila melanogaster, treatments that ranged from high protein to high lipid. Half of the spiders were given access to a 20% sucrose solution. After 2 months, we measured spider mass, cephalothorax width, instar duration, percent body fat, survival, and estimated number of prey eaten. Spiders reared on high‐protein diets with carbohydrates were larger and heavier than spiders on other treatments. Access to carbohydrates also increased percent body fat and survival across prey treatments. Our results suggest that carbohydrates may be a valuable component of spider diets, especially when prey have high protein and low lipid content as is commonly observed in prey in the field. Our results highlight the importance of diet balancing for predators, and that liquid carbohydrates can be an important nutrient to supplement a diet of prey rather than just being an energy supplement during periods of starvation.
Species turnover in ant assemblages is greater horizontally than vertically in the world's tallest tropical forest
Authors: Xing Shuang , Hood Amelia S. C. , Dial Roman J. , Fayle Tom M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAbiotic and biotic factors structure species assembly in ecosystems both horizontally and vertically. However, the way community composition changes along comparable horizontal and vertical distances in complex three‐dimensional habitats, and the factors driving these patterns, remains poorly understood. By sampling ant assemblages at comparable vertical and horizontal spatial scales in a tropical rainforest, we tested hypotheses that predicted differences in vertical and horizontal turnover explained by different drivers in vertical and horizontal space. These drivers included environmental filtering, such as microclimate (temperature, humidity, and photosynthetic photon flux density) and microhabitat connectivity (leaf area), which are structured differently across vertical and horizontal space. We found that both ant abundance and richness decreased significantly with increasing vertical height. Although the dissimilarity between ant assemblages increased with vertical distance, indicating a clear distance‐decay pattern, the dissimilarity was higher horizontally where it appeared independent of distance. The pronounced horizontal and vertical structuring of ant assemblages across short distances is likely explained by a combination of microclimate and microhabitat connectivity. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering three‐dimensional spatial variation in local assemblages and reveal how highly diverse communities can be supported by complex habitats.
The impact of climate change on the distribution of rare and endangered tree Firmiana kwangsiensis using the Maxent modeling
Authors: Gao Xiaoxuan , Liu Jing , Huang Zhihuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe upsurge in anthropogenic climate change has accelerated the habitat loss and fragmentation of wild animals and plants. The rare and endangered plants are important biodiversity elements. However, the lack of comprehensive and reliable information on the spatial distribution of these organisms has hampered holistic and efficient conservation management measures. We explored the consequences of climate change on the geographical distribution of Firmiana kwangsiensis (Malvaceae), an endangered species, to provide a reference for conservation, introduction, and cultivation of this species in new ecological zones. Modeling of the potential distribution of F. kwangsiensis under the current and two future climate scenarios in maximum entropy was performed based on 30 occurrence records and 27 environmental variables of the plant. We found that precipitation‐associated and temperature‐associated variables limited the potentially suitable habitats for F. kwangsiensis. Our model predicted 259,504 km2 of F. kwangsiensis habitat based on 25 percentile thresholds. However, the high suitable habitat for F. kwangsiensis is only about 41,027 km2. F. kwangsiensis is most distributed in Guangxi's protected areas. However, the existing reserves are only 2.7% of the total suitable habitat and 4.2% of the high suitable habitat for the plant, lower than the average protection area in Guangxi (7.2%). This means the current protected areas network is insufficient, underlining the need for alternative conservation mechanisms to protect the plant habitat. Our findings will help identify additional F. kwangsiensis localities and potential habitats and inform the development and implementation of conservation, management, and cultivation practices of such rare tree species.
Synthesis of Benzothiazinones from Benzoyl Thiocarbamates: Application to Clinical Candidates for Tuberculosis Treatment
Authors: Connors William , DeKorte Ryan , Lucas Simon C. C. , Gopalsamy Ariamala , Ziegler Robert E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBenzothiazinones are a structural motif found in biologically active compounds, such as the clinical candidates BTZ‐043 and Macozinone for the treatment of tuberculosis. We describe a robust, two‐step method to synthesize 2‐amino‐substituted benzothiazinones from benzoyl thiocarbamates, which were prepared in a one‐pot procedure from benzoyl chlorides. The intramolecular cyclization and ethoxy displacement steps were also amenable to adoption in continuous flow as exemplified by select substrates.
Longitudinally stable, brain‐based predictive models mediate the relationships between childhood cognition and socio‐demographic, psychological and genetic factors
Authors: Pat Narun , Wang Yue , Anney Richard , Riglin Lucy , Thapar Anita , Stringaris Argyris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCognitive abilities are one of the major transdiagnostic domains in the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Following RDoC's integrative approach, we aimed to develop brain‐based predictive models for cognitive abilities that (a) are developmentally stable over years during adolescence and (b) account for the relationships between cognitive abilities and socio‐demographic, psychological and genetic factors. For this, we leveraged the unique power of the large‐scale, longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (n ~ 11 k) and combined MRI data across modalities (task‐fMRI from three tasks: resting‐state fMRI, structural MRI and DTI) using machine‐learning. Our brain‐based, predictive models for cognitive abilities were stable across 2 years during young adolescence and generalisable to different sites, partially predicting childhood cognition at around 20% of the variance. Moreover, our use of ‘opportunistic stacking’ allowed the model to handle missing values, reducing the exclusion from around 80% to around 5% of the data. We found fronto‐parietal networks during a working‐memory task to drive childhood‐cognition prediction. The brain‐based, predictive models significantly, albeit partially, accounted for variance in childhood cognition due to (1) key socio‐demographic and psychological factors (proportion mediated = 18.65% [17.29%–20.12%]) and (2) genetic variation, as reflected by the polygenic score of cognition (proportion mediated = 15.6% [11%–20.7%]). Thus, our brain‐based predictive models for cognitive abilities facilitate the development of a robust, transdiagnostic research tool for cognition at the neural level in keeping with the RDoC's integrative framework.
A multicriteria decision analysis framework for developing and evaluating coastal retreat policy
Authors: Skidmore Tyler A. , Cohon Jared L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Managed retreat may be a necessity for coastal communities as sea levels rise due to climate change. Selecting the right policy decisions and timing is difficult given the vested interests of communities and stakeholder groups and requires careful balancing of the benefits and risks associated with each management alternative. State and federal agencies often employ single-objective optimization frameworks such as cost-benefit analysis to analyze coastal relocation alternatives, but such methods are limited in their ability to balance competing value considerations and stakeholder demands. The use of a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) methodology allows for such considerations to be quantified and evaluated, thereby improving planning and decision-making for coastal retreat policies. This paper provides a strategic MCDA framework to evaluate coastal retreat policy that could be leveraged by at-risk coastal communities. The MCDA is applied to a hypothetical coastal retreat scenario to visualize policy preferences and differing value considerations among stakeholders. This model can be used by government agencies to foster more sound, acceptable, and implementable coastal retreat policies and streamline the incorporation of this climate adaptation mechanism, which may be necessary for the near future. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:83–98. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Why not? Decrypting social attitudes toward European aquaculture: An updated policy perspective for an old problem
Authors: Cavallo Marianna , Raux Pascal , Massa Fabio , Fezzardi Davide , Pérez Agúndez José A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In some food production systems, sustainability and acceptability are considered umbrella concepts that can be assessed through a combination of criteria and indicators. After a remarkable and somewhat chaotic development in the early 1990s, European aquaculture has been evolving in both scientific and policy domains to improve, and to prove, its sustainability. The updated review of the literature and policy framework presented in this article highlights gaps in European studies, addressing mostly concerns over environmental impacts and food safety and less over economic impacts on other coastal activities or the effects on social values and local traditions. The analysis of the legislative framework demonstrates that the existing legislation adopted at different levels addresses most of the criteria of social acceptability through binding rules and supporting guidelines. Nonetheless, some elements of social concerns, such as the impact of escapes or the degradation of the landscape, remain unaddressed. Several actions are proposed that should be implemented by all actors involved in aquacultural management to improve social attitudes and, thus, the acceptance by the different segments of society. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:896–909. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).