bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five small antelope species diets indicate different levels of anthrodependence in the Overberg Renosterveld, South Africa
Authors: Jansen van Vuuren Amauréé , Fritz Hervé , Venter Jan A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Overberg area, Western Cape, South Africa is highly suitable for agricultural practices and has subsequently been severely transformed over the last four centuries. This has created a novel habitat for many wildlife species. The objective of this study was to determine the forage use of five antelope species and thereby assess their level of anthrodependence in terms of diet. The five species were bushbuck (Tragelaphus sylvaticus), Cape grysbok (Rhaphicerus melanotis), common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia), grey rhebok (Pelea capreolus) and steenbok (Rhaphicerus campestris). To do this, we performed a histological analysis on dung samples collected. Our study indicated a high ratio of anthropogenic to natural vegetation in the diets of bushbuck, grey rhebok and steenbok, as anthropogenic vegetation presented a high nutrient food resource, which is easily accessible. However, Cape grysbok and common duiker indicated a higher use of natural vegetation. The results indicated that all the species benefit from the resources offered by the altered landscape and that some species may be dependent on these resources while others appear to be more dependent on the pockets of natural vegetation in the landscape.
Results of a small terrestrial mammal survey in the remote Boé region of Guinea‐Bissau, with discovery of two new shrew records for the country
Authors: Westra Sil A. , Mol Roy R. , Desjardins Rebecca B. , Visser Marco D. , Baele Amber V. M. P. C. , van Montfort Dorien 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Boé region in the south‐east of Guinea‐Bissau has remained untouched by large‐scale human influence and development due to its isolated location. The region consists mainly of savannah interspersed with gallery forests and hosts a unique and valuable biodiversity though very little is known of small terrestrial mammal diversity. In 2013, a terrestrial small mammal live trapping survey was conducted around Béli, a small village in the South of the Boé region. Five survey locations of three ecotypes were selected, and a combination of pitfall traps and live traps was used to capture and release small mammals. A selection of mammals that could not be identified as well as accidental mortalities in the traps were collected as voucher specimens and sent to Naturalis Biodiversity Center in the Netherlands. Over 96 survey days, a total of 331 small terrestrial mammals were trapped from 21 unique species, which include two new species records for the country: shrew species Crocidura lamottei and Crocidura crossei. Extrapolation from species accumulation curves suggested an overall species richness of 22 species for the region, with substantial differences in community composition among sampled habitats. The results of this study are an important part of the scientific record for small terrestrial mammals in the Boé region and set a baseline reference for future conservation efforts.
Patient expectations and experiences with loop electrosurgical excision procedure in inpatient and outpatient settings
Authors: Ooi Sara , Eskaroos Mary Anne , Pather Selvan , Carter Jonathan , Saidi Samir 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundLoop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion is performed in both an inpatient setting under general anaesthesia and an outpatient setting under local anaesthesia. Efficacy and safety are comparable and outpatient LEEP may save time and cost in the Australian setting.AimsWe aim to compare patient satisfaction with inpatient LEEP compared to outpatient LEEP for Australian best practice.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective quantitative and qualitative cohort study. An online questionnaire was sent to patients undergoing inpatient and outpatient LEEP to assess satisfaction with the procedure. Further histopathological and demographic data were also collected from the medical records. Groups were compared using Fischer's exact test and pain scores were compared using non‐parametric tests.ResultsNinety‐three outpatients and 52 inpatients responded to the survey. No difference was found between groups with regard to rate of positive histopathological margins or number of passes required. Outpatients found the procedure to be more convenient than inpatients (P = 0.007), and experienced more pain during the procedure than the inpatient group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in pain scores following the procedure or post‐procedure anxiety.ConclusionsOutpatient LEEP is an acceptable and well‐tolerated procedure, comparable to inpatient LEEP. Regardless of the option chosen, patients are highly likely to be satisfied with their choice. Increased efforts should be made to reduce pre‐procedural anxiety, which may in turn reduce expectations and experiences of pain.
Rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy: Maternal and neonatal outcomes in the Top End of Australia
Authors: Lam Chor Kiu (Maree) , Thorn Jane , Lyon Xylyss , Waugh Edith , Piper Ben , Wing‐Lun Edwina 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundWomen with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) can have a lower cardiac reserve to cope with pregnancy and labour, leading to increased obstetric and cardiac risks. The Northern Territory has been repeatedly reported to have the highest prevalence of RHD in Australia, yet evidence specific to pregnancy is scarce in the literature.AimsThe primary aim of this paper is to describe the baseline characteristics and maternal outcomes of pregnant women with RHD presenting to the largest obstetrics referral hospital in the Northern Territory. The secondary aim is to evaluate the current model of care in relation to their cardiac status.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted over a 9.5‐year period. Demographics, cardiac, obstetrics and anaesthetics data were collected for analysis.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐nine pregnancies were included for analysis. All women were identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, and 85% were of a RHD priority of 2 or 3. Of all 28 patients who had an emergency caesarean section, only one patient was indicated for cardiac reasons. There was no maternal or neonatal death reported. Three preterm births were induced secondary to maternal concerns related to RHD cardiac decompensation. There were no major adverse neonatal outcomes, including neonatal death, intraventricular haemorrhage or respiratory distress syndrome. Multidisciplinary care was also evaluated.ConclusionWe observed a low rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and no mortality in a cohort of women with mild to severe RHD. These favourable outcomes have occurred in a multidisciplinary centre with significant experience in managing the medical and cultural complexities of this group.
Consulting a Victorian Aboriginal community about their oral health
Authors: Collins Eliza , Hearn Tracey , Satur Julie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe legacy of colonisation, assimilation, racism and victim blaming has created inequality in health for Aboriginal people, reflected in their oral health status. Despite the existence of community dental services, oral disease levels continue to be of concern. This study, initiated by a rural Victorian ACCHO (Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation), aimed to consult their community about the barriers to and enablers of oral health and understand their lived experiences with dental services.MethodsUsing an Aboriginal knowledge framework and collaborative approach involving an Aboriginal researcher and Community Mentor, this study consulted an ACCHO community about their oral health. Following community engagement, 21 community members participated in digitally recorded yarning circles and semi‐structured interviews.ResultsThemes emerging from the data included dental care history and past experiences involving pain and shame, the value of having community‐centred services and engagement with patients and the community.DiscussionExperiences of dental care are often related to pain driving attendance resulting in experiences that multiply fear and anxiety. While community‐based care was considered a strength, approaches to individual dental care often resulted in increasing shame and diminishing trust. Increasing cultural safety and participatory approaches to designing and delivering dental care may increase engagement and trust.ConclusionsImportant gaps in cultural and clinical understanding between the community and dental service providers have been identified. These findings will be used to inform the delivery of dental services and to develop oral health promotion programs at the ACCHO, and cultural safety preparation for student dental practitioners.
Prescribing trend of tapentadol in a Sydney local health district
Authors: Mirabella Jennifer , Ravi Deepa , Chiew Angela L. , Buckley Nicholas A. , Chan Betty S. 
Published: June 2022

AimsTapentadol, an opioid with mu‐opioid receptor agonism and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition, has been increasingly used in Australia since 2011. However, data on hospital prescribing trends and indications are scarce. This study aimed to investigate hospital prescribing trends of tapentadol, oxycodone and tramadol in a Sydney local health district (LHD) and the indications for tapentadol hospital prescriptions in an Australian tertiary hospital.MethodsWe analysed 5‐year patient dispensing for tapentadol, oxycodone and tramadol from four hospitals in a Sydney LHD with data expressed as oral morphine equivalents (OME). We also conducted a retrospective review of 140 and 54 patients prescribed tapentadol at a tertiary hospital's surgical and spinal units in 2020.ResultsOver 5 years in the Sydney LHD, there was a 19.5% reduction in total dispensing of these opioids from 1 225 210 to 986 477.5 OME milligrams. Decreases were specifically for oxycodone (−37.8% immediate‐release, −65.2% sustained‐release) and tramadol (−74.6% immediate‐release, −70.1% sustained‐release). Contrastingly, hospital prescriptions of tapentadol immediate‐release increased by 223.2% between 2018–19 and 2020–21 while sustained‐release increased by 17.9% from 2016–17 to 2020–21. By 2020–21, tapentadol overtook oxycodone to become the most prescribed opioid in the Sydney LHD (51.4%). At the hospital's surgical units, 137 (97.9%) patients were prescribed tapentadol for acute post‐operative pain with the majority (54.0%) prescribed both immediate‐release and sustained‐release tapentadol, while 71.1% were prescribed for neuropathic pain in the spinal units.ConclusionIn a Sydney LHD, tapentadol prescriptions increased significantly to become the preferred opioid analgesic. At the hospital's surgical units, off‐label prescriptions of tapentadol sustained‐release for acute post‐operative pain were observed.
Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in intracerebral hemorrhage: Relevance as prognostic markers for quantification of the edema volume
Authors: Rendevski Vladimir , Aleksovski Boris , Mihajlovska Rendevska Ana , Hadzi‐Petrushev Nikola , Manusheva Nensi , Shuntov Blagoj , Gjorgoski Icko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe aimed to analyze the inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) markers after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and their temporal changes, interaction effects, and prognostic values as biomarkers for the prediction of the edema volume. Our prospective, longitudinal study included a cohort group of 73 conservatively treated patients with ICH, without hematoma expansion or intraventricular bleeding, which were initialized with the same treatment and provided with the same in‐hospital care during the disease course. Study procedures included multilevel comprehensive analyses of clinical and neuroimaging data, aligned with the exploration of 19 inflammatory and five OS markers. White blood cells (WBC), C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophilia, and lymphopenia peaked 3 days post‐ICH, and they showed much stronger correlations with clinical and neuroimaging variables, when compared to the admission values. An intricate interplay among inflammatory (WBC, CRP, neutrophils, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio [NLR], interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐10) and OS mechanisms (catalase activity and advanced oxidation protein products [AOPP]) was detected operating 3‐days post‐ICH, being assessed as relevant for prediction of the edema. The overall results suggested complex pathology of formation of post‐ICH edema, via: (A) Not additive, but statistically significant synergistic interactions between CRP‐ESR, neutrophils‐CRP, and neutrophils‐IL‐6 as drivers for the edema formation; (B) Significant antagonistic effect of high protein oxidation on the CRP‐edema dependence, suggesting a mechanism of potential OS‐CRP negative feedback loop and redox inactivation of CRP. The final multiple regression model separated the third‐day variables NLR, CRP × AOPP, and WBC, as significant prognostic biomarkers for the prediction of the edema volume, with NLR being associated with the highest effect size. Our developed mathematical equation with 3D modeling for prediction and quantification of the edema volume might be beneficial for taking timely adequate strategies for prevention of delayed neurological deteriorations.
Evaluation of soft tissue and labial plate of bone stability with immediate implant in direct contact versus gap with socket shield: A randomized clinical trial with 1 year follow‐up
Authors: Abdullah Amr Hany , Abdel Gaber Hala Kamal , Adel‐Khattab Doaa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn the anterior region, the resorption of the buccal plate of bone after tooth extraction leads to contraction of the overlying soft tissues, resulting in an esthetic problem. In the socket shield technique, the buccal root section of the tooth is maintained, to preserve the buccal bone for immediate implant placement. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to investigate the effect of leaving a gap or not between implant and retained root fragment on bone dimensions and soft tissue esthetics.MethodsThis was a two armed parallel group randomized clinical trial with allocation ratio 1:1. Patients were eligible in case they needed immediate implant replacing teeth in esthetic zone with sufficient buccal bone support. CBCT was performed immediately after the intervention and 12 months later.ResultsForty six patients (26 females and 20 males) were enrolled in the study with 23 of them placed in contact with shield and 23 were placed palatal leaving a gap to graft with a xenograft. After 12 months, excellent soft tissue stability was reported (mean pink esthetic score at placement group A: 12.00 ± 1.60 after 12 months 12.90 ± 1.69, group B 12.62 ± 2.07 and after 12 months 12.38 ± 2.20) Using both surgical techniques. Radiographic crestal bone level changes mean for group A was −0.26 ± 0.52 and for group B ‐0.34 ± 0.31. There was a strong positive correlation between clinical and radiographic bone width values which was statistically significant (r = 0.782, p < 0.001). Width and thickness of keratinized gingiva showed no significant difference between values measured in both groups. Nonsignificant difference between studied groups according to the labial plate of bone clinical and radiographic changes after immediate implantation.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, the present data seem to support that the clinical outcome of the socket shield technique with immediate implant placement placed in contact or leaving a gap gave excellent esthetic results.
Influence of width of keratinized tissue on the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Schwarz Frank , Sader Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of the width of keratinized tissue (KT) on the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases, and soft‐ and hard‐tissue stability.Materials and methodsClinical studies reporting on the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases (primary outcome), plaque index (PI), modified plaque index (mPI), bleeding index (mBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depths (PD), mucosal recession (MR), and marginal bone loss (MBL) and/or patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs; secondary outcomes) were searched. The weighted mean differences (WMD) were estimated for the assessed clinical and radiographic parameters by employing a random‐effect model that considered different KT widths (i.e., <2 and ≥2 mm).ResultsTwenty‐two articles describing 21 studies (15 cross‐sectional, five longitudinal comparative studies, and one case series with pre–post design) with an overall high to low risk of bias were included. Peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis affected 20.8% to 42% and at 10.5% to 44% of the implants with reduced or absent KT (i.e., <2 mm or 0 mm). The corresponding values at the implant sites with KT width of ≥2 mm or >0 mm were 20.5% to 53% and 5.1% to 8%, respectively. Significant differences between implants with KT < 2 mm and those with KT ≥ 2 mm were revealed for WMD for BOP, mPI, PI, MBL, and MR all favoring implants with KT ≥ 2 mm.ConclusionReduced KT width is associated with an increased prevalence of peri‐implantitis, plaque accumulation, soft‐tissue inflammation, mucosal recession, marginal bone loss, and greater patient discomfort.
Indigenous knowledge in conservation science and the process of a two‐way research collaboration
Authors: Lilleyman Amanda , Millar Gabrial , Burn Samantha , Fatt Kyle Hunt‐Lew , Talbot Aleana , Que‐Noy Jimmy , Dawson Steven , Williams Ben , Mummery Alan , Rolland Sarah , Wilson Shania , Jacobson Emily , Smith Benjamin C. D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnvironmental research often occurs in short bursts with the duration of fieldwork often governed by the time constraints of a funding body. Collaborations between academic researchers and Indigenous People have occurred for many years and the exchange of information can create value and knowledge for both participants in the collaboration. Indigenous People play a vital role as knowledge keepers in environmental science and can, in some instances, provide a more secure repository of local knowledge and conservation practice than digital archives. In this essay, Indigenous Rangers on Larrakia country in Darwin, Australia, and a non‐Indigenous academic researcher describe how value‐creation was increased for both parties involved in a collaborative project on the migratory shorebird far eastern curlew (Numenius madagascariensis). We share our experiences of expectations, the development of methods, the codeveloped goals and complementary ways of thinking to manage threatened species at a local scale, the scale at which the local Larrakia People operate. Through our collaboration, we show that both parties within the collaboration can benefit and create value for a species of conservation concern that has not typically been considered culturally important.
Heavy drinking and problem drinking among youth in Uganda: A structural equation model of alcohol marketing, advertisement perceptions and social norms
Authors: Swahn Monica H. , Culbreth Rachel , Fodeman Ari , Cottrell‐Daniels Cherell , Tumwesigye Nazarius Mbona , Jernigan David H. , Kasirye Rogers , Obot Isidore 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo determine the role of alcohol marketing, perceptions of marketing and social norms on heavy alcohol use and problem drinking among vulnerable youth in Uganda.MethodsThe Kampala Youth Survey is a cross‐sectional study conducted in 2014 with service‐seeking youth (ages 12–18 years) living in the slums of Kampala (n = 1134) who were participating in Uganda Youth Development Link drop‐in centres. Survey measures assessed perceptions of alcohol advertisements, social norms regarding alcohol use, heavy alcohol use and problem drinking. Factor analyses and structural equation models were computed to determine the predictors (e.g. social norms and alcohol marketing exposure) for drinking amounts, heavy drinking and problem drinking.ResultsAlcohol marketing allure, perceptions of adults' alcohol attitudes and respondent's male gender were significantly predictive of heavy drinking. Similarly, in addition to drinking amount and heaviness, only alcohol marketing exposure and friends' alcohol attitudes, as well as respondent's own attitudes about alcohol, significantly predicted variation in problem drinking.Discussion and ConclusionsAlcohol marketing exposure and allure are significant predictors of heavy drinking and problem drinking among youth in Uganda. Prevention programs that reduce exposure to and allure of alcohol marketing may prove promising for reducing alcohol use and related problems among these vulnerable youth in a low‐resource setting.
Patterns of variation in plant diversity vary over different spatial levels in seasonal coastal wetlands
Authors: Dwyer Ciara , Millett Jonathan , Jones Laurence , Bartholomeus Ruud P. , van Willegen Lisanne , Chavasse Anna , Pakeman Robin J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo quantify the responses of alpha and beta diversity to multivariate gradients, incorporating variation in environmental and management variability in coastal dune slacks.LocationUnited Kingdom dune slacks.MethodsPlant community composition, plant nutrient status and soil characteristics were measured for 164 quadrats in 41 dune slacks across 12 coastal sand dune systems. Data were collated on climate and atmospheric deposition. Hydrological regimes at daily resolution were modelled and calibrated using daily‐to‐monthly site measurements, from which we calculated quadrat‐level hydrological metrics. Alpha diversity (richness, Shannon diversity and Pielou's evenness) metrics and beta diversity (turnover and nestedness) for species and genera were calculated across three spatial levels from sand dune system (highest) to dune slack to quadrat (lowest).ResultsDiversity patterns depended on the spatial and taxonomic level considered. At smaller spatial levels (between dune slacks and between quadrats), alpha and beta diversity varied along gradients driven by soil characteristics, water table depth and atmospheric deposition. At larger spatial levels (between sand dune systems), patterns of beta diversity were a consequence of plant nutrient status. There was little variability in alpha diversity along this same gradient, with only small changes in Pielou's species evenness. Patterns at a coarser taxonomic level (genus) mirrored those at the species level.Main conclusionWe show that patterns of variation in plant diversity are dependent on the spatial level considered, but taxonomic level made little difference in understanding these patterns. Therefore, if we do not consider patterns across different spatial levels, important environmental and management drivers could be missed. The high biodiversity value and degree of threat to these European protected habitats makes such understanding invaluable for their conservation.
An unethical trial and the politicization of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Brazil: The case of Prevent Senior
Authors: Hellmann Fernando , Homedes Núria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Brazilian Federal Senate created a Parliamentary Inquiry Commission (CPI) to investigate the Bolsonaro government's irregularities in the management of the COVID‐19 pandemic. One of the cases that drew attention was the research conducted by Prevent Senior, a private health insurance company, on the early treatment of COVID‐19. The article analyzes the scientific validity of the research and the ethical problems related to its implementation. It is based on analysis of Prevent Senior's report of the clinical study, the Brazilian and USA clinical trial registries, the Senate's CPI report, and on the information reported by the media. This case of scientific fraud and political‐ideological bias exemplifies how Prevent Senior, using a questionable protocol to enhance its reputation and gain government support, was instrumental in building the “early treatment” narrative for COVID‐19, and shows how it served as a basis for a government public policy that promoted the use of ineffective drugs.