bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antirheumatic therapy is associated with reduced complement activation in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nguyen Thao H. P. , Hokstad Ingrid , Fagerland Morten Wang , Mollnes Tom Eirik , Hollan Ivana , Feinberg Mark W. , Hjeltnes Gunnbjørg , Eilertsen Gro Ø. , Mikkelsen Knut , Agewall Stefan 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe complement system plays an important role in pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and might be involved in accelerated atherogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The role of complement activation in response to treatment, and in development of premature CVD in RA, is limited. Therefore, we examined the effects of methotrexate (MTX) and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) on complement activation using soluble terminal complement complex (TCC) levels in RA; and assessed associations between TCC and inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers.MethodsWe assessed 64 RA patients starting with MTX monotherapy (n = 34) or TNFi with or without MTX co-medication (TNFi±MTX, n = 30). ELISA was used to measure TCC in EDTA plasma. The patients were examined at baseline, after 6 weeks and 6 months of treatment.ResultsMedian TCC was 1.10 CAU/mL, and 57 (89%) patients had TCC above the estimated upper reference limit (<0.70). Compared to baseline, TCC levels were significantly lower at 6-week visit (0.85 CAU/mL, p<0.0001), without significant differences between the two treatment regimens. Notably, sustained reduction in TCC was only achieved after 6 months on TNFi±MTX (0.80 CAU/mL, p = 0.006). Reductions in TCC after treatment were related to decreased C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and interleukin 6, and increased levels of total, high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Similarly, baseline TCC was significantly related to baseline CRP, ESR and interleukin 6. Patients with endothelial dysfunction had higher baseline TCC than those without (median 1.4 versus 1.0 CAU/mL, p = 0.023).ConclusionsPatients with active RA had elevated TCC, indicating increased complement activation. TCC decreased with antirheumatic treatment already after 6 weeks. However, only treatment with TNFi±MTX led to sustained reduction in TCC during the 6-month follow-up period. RA patients with endothelial dysfunction had higher baseline TCC compared to those without, possibly reflecting involvement of complement in the atherosclerotic process in RA.
Breast cancer-specific mortality in early breast cancer as defined by high-risk clinical and pathologic characteristics
Authors: Nelson David R. , Brown Jacqueline , Morikawa Aki , Method Michael 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
To investigate breast cancer-specific mortality by early breast cancer (EBC; Stages I-IIIC) subtype; incidence of high-risk indicators for recurrence (defined in monarchE trial); and mortality risk difference by those who did/did not meet these criteria.

Materials and methods
Analyses included patients with initial EBC diagnosis between 2010–2015 from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data (n = 342,149). Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier estimates examined mortality among 228,031 patients, by subtype (hormone receptor [HR]-positive [+], human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 [HER2] negative [–]; triple negative [TNBC]; HR+, HER2+; HR-, HER2+). Incidence and mortality among patients who did/did not meet monarchE clinicopathological high-risk criteria were examined.

Results
Among patients with HR+, HER2- EBC, histologic Grade 3 (vs. Grade 1) was the most influential factor on mortality (hazard ratio, 3.61; 95%CI, 3.27, 3.98). Among patients with TNBC, ≥4 ipsilateral axillary positive nodes (vs. node negative) was the most influential factor on mortality (hazard ratio, 3.46; 95%CI, 2.87, 4.17). For patients with HR-, HER2+ or HR+, HER2+ EBC, tumor size ≥5 cm (vs. <1 cm) and ≥4 ipsilateral axillary positive nodes were the most influential factors on mortality. The 60-month mortality rate for the 12% of patients within the HR+, HER2- EBC group meeting monarchE clinicopathological high-risk criteria was 16.5%, versus 7.0% (Stage II–III and node positive) and 2.8% (Stage I or node negative) for those not meeting criteria. The 60-month mortality rate for patients with TNBC was 18.5%.

Conclusion
Mortality risk and the relative importance of risk factors varied by subtype. monarchE clinicopathological high-risk criteria were associated with increased mortality risk among patients with HR+, HER2- EBC. Patients with HR+, HER2- EBC, and monarchE clinicopathological high-risk criteria experienced risk of mortality similar to patients with early TNBC. These data highlight a high unmet need in this select patient population who may benefit most from therapy escalation.
A contextual exploration of healthcare service use in urban slums in Nigeria
Authors: Fayehun Olufunke , Ajisola Motunrayo , Uthman Olalekan , Oyebode Oyinlola , Oladejo Abiola , Owoaje Eme , Taiwo Olalekan , Odubanjo Oladoyin , Harris Bronwyn , Lilford Richard , Omigbodun Akinyinka ,   On behalf of the Improving Health in Slums Collaborative
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMany urban residents in low- and middle-income countries live in unfavorable conditions with few healthcare facilities, calling to question the long-held view of urban advantage in health, healthcare access and utilization. We explore the patterns of healthcare utilization in these deprived neighborhoods by studying three such settlements in Nigeria.MethodsThe study was conducted in three slums in Southwestern Nigeria, categorized as migrant, indigenous or cosmopolitan, based on their characteristics. Using observational data of those who needed healthcare and used in-patient or out-patient services in the 12 months preceding the survey, frequencies, percentages and odds-ratios were used to show the study participants’ environmental and population characteristics, relative to their patterns of healthcare use.ResultsA total of 1,634 residents from the three slums participated, distributed as 763 (migrant), 459 (indigenous) and 412 (cosmopolitan). Residents from the migrant (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.51 to 0.97) and indigenous (OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.45 to 0.93) slums were less likely to have used formal healthcare facilities than those from the cosmopolitan slum. Slum residents were more likely to use formal healthcare facilities for maternal and perinatal conditions, and generalized pains, than for communicable (OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.34 to 0.72) and non-communicable diseases (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.41 to 0.91). The unemployed had higher odds (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.08 to 1.93) of using formal healthcare facilities than those currently employed.ConclusionThe cosmopolitan slum, situated in a major financial center and national economic hub, had a higher proportion of formal healthcare facility usage than the migrant and indigenous slums where about half of families were classified as poor. The urban advantage premise and Anderson behavioral model remain a practical explanatory framework, although they may not explain healthcare use in all possible slum types in Africa. A context-within-context approach is important for addressing healthcare utilization challenges in slums in sub-Saharan Africa.
Large lungs may predict increased air trapping in navy divers
Authors: Wuorimaa Tomi , Haukka Jari , Tikkinen Janne , Parkkola Kai , Piirilä Päivi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNavy divers tend to have large lungs and low expiratory flow rates in the terminal portion of a spirogram. We examined Finnish Navy divers for the presence of air trapping, airway obstruction, and functional airway compression, and their association with lung volumes. Divers (n = 57) and non‐diving men (n = 10) underwent a variety of pulmonary function tests. The amount of trapped air was calculated as the subtraction of the total lung capacity (TLC) measured in a single‐breath helium dilution test from the TLC in body plethysmography (TLCb). Mean vital capacity (VC) was 6.4 L in the divers versus 5.8 L in the controls (p = 0.006) and TLCb 8.9 L in the divers versus 8.1 L in the controls (p = 0.002). No difference existed between them in the amount of trapped air. However, we found break points in a linear regression model (Davies test) between trapped air and several pulmonary parameters. Those individuals above the break points had lower ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second to forced vital capacity, lower resistance of airways, and higher reactance than those below the break points. In conclusion, navy divers had larger lungs than controls. Large lung volumes (VC >7.31 L or >122% of predicted value) were associated with air trapping. Furthermore, large volumes of air trapping (>1.1 L) were associated with increased residual volume (RV) and RV/TLCb. Despite no concurrent obstruction, functional airway compression, or reduced diffusing capacity, this slowly ventilated trapped air might remain disadvantageous for divers.
Aerobic exercise training in older men and women—Cerebrovascular responses to submaximal exercise: Results from the Brain in Motion study
Authors: Lake Sonja L. , Guadagni Veronica , Kendall Karen D. , Chadder Michaela , Anderson Todd J. , Leigh Richard , Rawling Jean M. , Hogan David B. , Hill Michael D. , Poulin Marc J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhysical inactivity is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction, and global mortality. Regular exercise might mitigate age‐related declines in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular function. In this study, we hypothesize that a 6‐month aerobic exercise intervention will lead to a decrease in cerebrovascular resistance index (CVRi) and to an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi) during two submaximal exercise workloads (40% VO2max and 65 W), intensities that have been shown to be comparable to activities of daily life. Two hundred three low‐active healthy men and women enrolled in the Brain in Motion study, completed a 6‐month exercise intervention and underwent submaximal and maximal tests pre‐/post‐intervention. The intervention improved the gas exchange threshold and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), with no change in heart rate at VO2max, during the treadmill VO2max test. Heart rate and CVRi decreased from pre‐intervention values during both relative (40% VO2max) and absolute (65 W) submaximal exercise tests. Blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery and CVCi increased post‐intervention during 40% VO2max and 65 W. Changes in mean arterial pressure were found only during the absolute component (65 W). Our study demonstrates that aerobic exercise improves not only cardiorespiratory indices but also cerebrovascular function at submaximal workloads which may help to mitigate age‐related declines in everyday life. Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the decline in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular capacity with aging has important implications for the maintenance of health and continued independence of older adults.
Equilibrium Pricing under Concave Advertising Costs
Authors: Kultti Klaus , Pekkarinen Teemu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study Butters’s (1977. “Equilibrium Distributions of Sales and Advertising Prices.” The Review of Economic Studies 44 (3): 465–91) model under concave advertising costs, and determine a class of cost functions such that each seller sends the same finite number of ads in equilibrium. Then we consider the limit economy where the number of buyers and sellers grow indefinitely, and show that the equilibrium of the finite economy does not converge to an equilibrium in the limit economy.
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 in pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bayless David R. , Caldarera Trevor M. , Harirah Hassan M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes are uncommon heterogeneous conditions characterized by the association of two or more organ-specific endocrinopathies. Very few cases of these syndromes have been described during pregnancy. Here we report a case of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-2 presenting during pregnancy and complicated by preeclampsia with severe features.

Case presentation
The patient is a 35-year-old G7P0242 woman with a history of adrenal insufficiency, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. She was admitted to our institution at 34 weeks’ gestation for preterm contractions, nausea, and lower extremity edema for a few weeks prior to admission. At 35 weeks’ gestation, she developed preeclampsia with severe features requiring repeat cesarean section with good maternal and fetal outcomes. Recognizing the occurrence of this rare syndrome during pregnancy, adequate replacement of the deficient hormones, and close maternal and fetal surveillance are essential to achieving favorable outcomes.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a pregnant woman with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-2 complicated by preeclampsia with severe features.
Postpartum sepsis-like illness and rash associated with Hansen’s disease
Authors: Bharucha Jinai , Saito-Tom Lynne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Hansen’s disease (HD) often manifests during pregnancy and the postpartum. Patients with HD may experience reactions that mimic other conditions making diagnosis challenging.

Case presentation
We present a case of a patient from Chuuk, a state of the Federated States of Micronesia with a sepsis-like illness and worsening painful rash immediately postpartum. Antepartum, the patient noted a pruritic rash on her legs. Four hours after delivery, the patient became febrile and later developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The rash rapidly spread to other areas of her body and became painful and edematous. Eight weeks after delivery, a skin biopsy revealed tuberculoid granulomatous dermatitis consistent with HD.

Conclusions
HD and its associated reactions are easily misdiagnosed. Performing a skin biopsy of unusual skin lesions or common skin lesions with severe illness in a pregnant patient can expedite diagnosis of rare conditions such as HD. Early initiation of treatment for HD and its reactions are critical to prevent serious nerve damage and permanent disability.
Researching and teaching (with) the continua of biliteracy
Authors: Hornberger Nancy H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe continua of biliteracy model offers an ecological framework to situate research, teaching, and language policy in multilingual settings. Biliteracy is understood as “any and all instances in which communication occurs in two (or more) languages in or around writing” and the continua as complex, fluid, and interrelated dimensions of communicative repertoires; it is in the dynamic, rapidly changing and sometimes contested spaces along and across the continua that biliteracy use and learning occur. Formulated in the 1980s in the context of a multi-year, comparative ethnography of language policy in two Philadelphia public schools and communities, the model has served in the years since as heuristic in research, teaching, and program development locally, nationally, and internationally in Indigenous, immigrant, diaspora and decolonizing language education contexts. It has evolved and adapted to accommodate both a changing world and a changing scholarly terrain, foregrounding ethnographic monitoring, mapping, ideological and implementational spaces, voice, and translanguaging, antiracist and decolonial pedagogies in multilingual education policy and practice. I trace this trajectory, highlighting experiences in immigrant contexts of Philadelphia and Indigenous contexts of South Africa, Sweden, and Peru where the continua of biliteracy have informed bilingual program development and Indigenous and second language teaching.
Experimental investigation on treated transformer oil (TTO) and its diesel blends in the diesel engine
Authors: Belkhode Pramod N. , Ganvir Vinod N. , Shelare Sagar D. , Shende Anand , Maheshwary Prashant 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The increase in fuel prices, along with the lack of petroleum supplies, has led researchers to seek out alternative fuels. In recent years, the concept of transforming waste into a productive source of energy has gained attention. Several forms of agricultural products, chemical reactant, and treated blends have been studied by scientists all over the world over the past few decades. The work’s goal is to determine the effectiveness with using treated transformer oil (TTO) as diesel engine fuel, thus minimizing the environmental issues created by its discharge into open space. This study also aims to capitalise used transformer oil as a renewable fuel source into compression ignition engine, since using waste oils decreases the cost of fuel. The characterization (aniline point, calorific value, density, diesel index, flash point, kinematic viscosity) of treated transformer oil (TTO) was determined and blended with diesel in the proportion of 10% (TTO10), 20% (TTO20), 25% (TTO25), 30% (TTO30), and 40% (TTO40) treated transformer oil. The outcomes are evaluated in comparison to the same diesel engine’s operation. According to the findings of the study, blends of treated transformer oil and diesel fuel may be a best choice for diesel engines since they have the same calorific value as diesel fuel. The brake thermal efficiency of blends containing up to 20% TTO is greater compared to diesel fuel. It lowers as a proportion of treated transformer oil increases and increases as the load increases. Furthermore, when the fraction of TTO in blends grows, brake specific fuel economy (BSFC) declines with load.
Insights into origins of the natural gas in the Lower Paleozoic of Ordos basin, China
Authors: Huang Junping , Lin Junfeng , He Wenxiang , Zhang Lei , Wang Yating , Li Xiangbo , Xu Yaohui , Kong Lingyin , Wang Hongbo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Based on natural gas compositions, carbon isotope ratios, and geological analysis, the genesis and origin of gases in the Lower Paleozoic of Ordos basin are discussed. Due to differences in distribution and genesis, the gases in Lower Paleozoic were divided into five types, namely western margin gas, weathered crust gas, pre-salt gas, Ordovician deep gas, and Cambrian gas. The results show that the δ
13C1 and δ
13C2 of western margin gas range from −35.6 to −38.9‰ and from −27.2 to −35.9‰, respectively, indicating oil-type gas and mainly from the O1k and O2w marine source rocks. The δ
13C1 of weathered crust gas varies from −31.2 to −37.8‰, but δ
13C2 is mostly around −25.0‰, which indicates weathered crust gas originates from the Carboniferous–Permian coal-measure source rocks. In contrast, δ
13C1 and δ
13C2 in the pre-salt strata are mostly less than −30.0‰. Yet its distribution of Δ(δ
13C2–δ
13C1) is from −1.7 to 13.6‰, and C1/C2 + C3 is of 6.68–4372.50. These indicate that the pre-salt gas is mainly high-over mature oil cracking gas from the O1m marine source rock. The δ
13C1 of Ordovician deep gas is averaging −39.4‰, and δ
13C2 varies from −25.4 to −33.0‰, which imply coexistence of oil-type and coal-type gas. It is presumed that the C–P coal-type gas may migrate into and accumulate at Ordovician deep reservoirs through unconformity and fault. The δ
13C2 and Δ(δ
13C2–δ
13C1) of Cambrian gas are both the most negative, respectively, averaging −34.9‰ and averaging −3.2‰, indicating over-mature oil-type gas. Formation and evolution of the Qingyang paleo-uplift result in that the Cambrian gas mainly comes from the Cambrian or Ordovician marine source rocks in the southern basin.
Negotiating religious identity categories in non-professional interviews using English as a lingua franca
Authors: Nowicka Agnieszka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the construction and negotiation of religious identity categories in non-professional interviews using English as a lingua franca conducted by Polish students of foreign languages with foreigners staying in Poland. I use membership categorization analysis to show how the talk participants present themselves as members of a particular religious collectivity and how they ascribe membership in a religious collectivity to other speakers. I focus both on explicit and implicit categorization.
The Impact of Forecast Errors on Fiscal Planning and Debt Accumulation
Authors: Ademmer Martin , Boysen-Hogrefe Jens 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the impact of errors in medium run tax revenue forecasts on the final budget balance. Our analysis is based on fiscal data for the entirety of German states and takes advantage of revenue forecasts and respective errors that can be considered as exogenously given in the budgeting process. We find that forecast errors at various forecast horizons translate considerably into the final budget balance, indicating that expenditure plans get only marginally adjusted when revenue forecasts get revised. Consequently, errors in tax revenue forecasts may considerably affect the accumulation of public debt. Our calculations suggest that a significant share of total debt of German states results from forecasts that were too optimistic.
The role of gaze in meaning negotiation episodes in video synchronous computer-mediated interactions
Authors: Li Chenxi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 led to the replacement of many traditional classroom teaching and learning activities with online interactions through synchronous audio or video conferencing tools. Technically, the key difference between audio and video conferencing is the latter’s use of a webcam. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the webcam’s role in video synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC). Negotiation for meaning episodes, in which interlocutors try to resolve non-understanding through verbal interaction, were selected for analysis because they are widely believed to be helpful for second language acquisition. Specifically, this paper focuses on where interlocutors look during negotiated interactions in video SCMC and whether a statistical relationship exists between looking at a peer’s video image and successful meaning negotiation. Four dyads of English learners completed information gap tasks with potentially unknown words through learner–learner video SCMS interactions. Students’ multimodal performance was screen recorded for a gaze analysis and one-on-one interviews were conducted to confirm the students’ gaze directions. The results reveal a statistically significant positive relationship between the duration of one’s gaze at the peer’s video image and the number of successful meaning negotiation episodes in a dyad.