bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A unified approach for relationships among Green's function, normal modes and dispersion spectrum in layered elastic half-space, with corrected misconceptions on surface wave dispersion and testing
Authors: Lin Chih-Ping , Pan Ernian , Tran Quoc Kinh , Wu Tsai-Jung 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
In this paper, the global stiffness matrix [K] and the Fourier–Bessel series methods are proposed to derive the accurate Green's function and dynamic response in a form that is directly related to the dispersion curve and experimental dispersion spectrum. Detailed analyses are carried out for the two-layered half-space with different velocity profiles, including the homogeneous half-space as a special case. Our studies indicate that, in Rayleigh wave analysis, the original Rayleigh equation, instead of the rationalized Rayleigh equation as previously derived and used, should be used since the latter would contain extra non-physical roots. We further reveal and characterize three distinct types of leaky waves: the intrinsic surface leaky wave, the apparent Rayleigh mode with a frequency gap associated with a low-velocity half-space and the fast-guided P–SV wave in the layered medium with a high VS contrast between the upper layer and the lower half-space. All leaky modes can be captured by local minima of |det[K]| instead of tracing complex roots in other existing approaches. In the experimental estimation of dispersion curves for practical applications, we have observed that the truncation effect is the major source of uncertainty regardless of the wavefield transformation method utilized. Furthermore, the truncation effect is both location- and model-dependent, without a unique optimal near offset. As such, in order to reduce the uncertainty from the truncation effect, the receiver layout should be considered in the inversion of dynamic response, instead of relying on ensuring a minimum near offset. This becomes possible with the present fast and accurate complete dynamic Green's function by which all wave phenomena (including different types of leaky waves) and receiver locations can be considered in the wavefield transformation.
Walking the International
Authors: Youatt Rafi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Walking is a nearly universal activity, even given the many contrivances invented to avoid it, yet it is widely absent from the sedentarist disciplines of politics and international relations. This absence is perhaps not surprising, given that so much political thought and practice are deeply tethered to the inventions of the boot and the chair that remove walking from our view, as Tim Ingold has observed. Yet, given the significance of events such as forced death marches as parts of war and genocide; formative collective walks such as Gandhi's march to the sea, the Long March in China, or the Selma to Montgomery marches; or the everyday politics of walking in global cities, such absence might be mistaken. This article suggests instead that walking be understood as integral to the operation of internationality. In particular, it argues that walking is part of a mobile field of power and agency that generates, stabilizes, and unsettles internationality in equal parts. The article diagrams some key conceptual nodes of walking and political power, and then traces their operation in the case of the Long Walk of the Navajo.
Evaluation of Serum FGL1 as Diagnostic Markers for HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cai Xin , Tang Dongling , Chen Juanjuan , Li Huan , Zhang Pingan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Based on the current difficulties in early diagnosis of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC), we assessed the values of preoperative serum fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) by itself and in combination with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for the diagnosis of HBV-HCC.

Methods
We used ELISA and chemiluminescence assays to detect the serum levels of FGL1 and AFP, respectively.

Results
Serum FGL1 level in the HBV-HCC group was significantly higher than in the chronic HBV (CHBV) group, the liver cirrhosis (LC) group, and the healthy control (HC) group. Serum FGL1 had an outstanding performance in distinguishing AFP-negative HBV-HCC from different control conditions. In the patients with AFP-negative HBV-HCC, the sensitivity of serum FGL1 was high. Moreover, serum FGL1 had a stronger performance than AFP in distinguishing early-stage HBV-HCC.

Conclusions
Serum FGL1 is significantly elevated among patients with HBV-HCC, including those with negative AFP and with disease at an early stage. Hence, serum FGL1 may serve as a potential diagnostic marker in the early diagnosis of HBV-HCC.
Fascia Lata Grafting Combined with Gluteal Flaps for Pelvic Floor Reconstruction after Oncologic Resection
Authors: Mashiko Takanobu , Eguchi Tomoaki , Kiyama Maiko , Matoba Shuichiro , Hanaoka Yutaka , Toda Shigeo , Kuroyanagi Hiroya 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Although recent methods of pelvic reconstruction using myocutaneous flaps have reduced postoperative morbidities‚ including pelvic abscess, the complication rates are still high due to the presence of a large dead cavity and poorly vascularized tissues secondary to preoperative chemoradiation therapy. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness and benefit of fascia lata autografting for pelvic floor reconstruction as a supplemental procedure for gluteal flap closure of perineal wounds.

Methods:
Our retrospective study included 144 consecutive patients who underwent rectal cancer resection with or without pelvic reconstruction, from 2010 to 2020. For reconstruction, fascia lata autografts were harvested from the thigh and affixed to the pelvic floor. The perineal wound was closed using gluteal advancement flaps.

Results:
The study included 33 reconstructed and 111 nonreconstructed patients (average age: 69.5 years). The reconstructed group was more likely to have undergone preoperative chemotherapy (81.8% versus 40.5%, P < 0.001) and radiotherapy (78.8% versus 48.6%, P = 0.002), compared with the nonreconstructed group. Additionally, the reconstructed group underwent fewer abdominoperineal resections (63.6% versus 94.6%, P < 0.001) and more pelvic exenterations (36.4% versus 5.4%). The mean size of fascia lata autografts was 8.3 × 5.9 cm. There were significant differences between the reconstructed and nonreconstructed groups, in the incidences of complications (15.2% versus 33.3%, P = 0.044) and pelvic abscess (3.0% versus 16.2%, P = 0.049).

Conclusion:
Combination of fascia lata autografts and gluteal flaps is considered an effective method of pelvic reconstruction for its low incidence of complications and stable outcomes.
Our Experience in Using Lateral Chest Flap to Treat Axillary Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Lahham Salim Al , Aljassem Ghanem , Omari Rand Y. , Kilic Fatma , Alyazji Zaki , Sada Ruba , Asnaf Ayman A.H. , Mostafa Sara , Albasti Habib 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects apocrine gland-bearing areas‚ causing abscesses and sinuses. Multimodality treatment is suggested for management. The surgical option is becoming more widely used, especially in drug-resistant cases. In this article, we describe a series of bilateral axillary hidradenitis cases which we treated with wide local excision and immediate reconstruction with lateral chest flap.

Methods:
Fourteen patients presented to our clinic with bilateral hidradenitis suppurativa of the axilla. The cases were all resistant to medical treatment. They were managed by excision and simultaneous reconstruction with lateral chest flaps.

Results:
At 3 months postoperatively, all patients had full shoulder range of motion and were completely satisfied with the aesthetic outcome, except for one patient who complained of the bulky look of his axilla. Liposuction was performed for him‚ with a pleasant resultant outcome.

Conclusions:
Our patients underwent wide local excision of bilateral disease plus reconstruction with lateral chest flaps in the same session. Our aim was to introduce a treatment option for moderate to severe axillary hidradenitis suppurativa that offers good aesthetic and functional outcomes.
Predicting Fragmented Care
Authors: Timmins Lori , Kern Lisa M. , Ghosh Arkadipta , Urato Carol , Rich Eugene 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Understanding what drives fragmented ambulatory care (care spread across multiple providers without a dominant provider) can inform the design of future interventions to reduce unnecessary fragmentation.

Objectives:
To identify the characteristics of beneficiaries, primary care physicians, primary care practice sites, and geographic markets that predict highly fragmented ambulatory care in the United States.

Research Design:
Cross-sectional analysis of Medicare claims data for beneficiaries attributed to primary care physicians and practices in 2018. We used hierarchical linear models with random intercepts and an extensive list of explanatory variables to predict the likelihood of high fragmentation.

Subjects:
A total of 3,540,310 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries met the inclusion criteria, attributed to 26,344 primary care physicians in 9300 practice sites, and 788 geographic markets.

Measures:
We defined high care fragmentation as a reversed Bice-Boxerman Index score above 0.85.

Results:
Explanatory variables explained only 6% of the variation in highly fragmented care. Unobserved differences between primary care physicians, between practice sites, and between markets together accounted for 4%. Instead, 90% of the variation in high fragmentation was unobserved residual variance. We identified the characteristics of beneficiaries (age, reason for original Medicare entitlement, and dually eligible for Medicaid insurance), physicians (comprehensiveness of care), and practices (size, being part of a system/hospital) that had small associations with high fragmentation.

Conclusions:
Variation in fragmentation was not explained by observed beneficiary, primary care provider, practice site, or market characteristics. Instead, the aggregate behavior of diverse health care providers beyond primary care, along with unmeasured patient preferences and behaviors, seem to be important predictors.
Gastroduodenal injury and repair: novel targets for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Hagen Susan J. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Although the mucosal barrier serves as a primary interface between the environment and host, little is understood about the repair of acute, superficial lesions or deeper, persistent lesions that if not healed, can be the site of increased permeability to luminal antigens, inflammation and/or neoplasia development.

Recent findings
Recent studies have focused on focal adhesion kinase, which regulates controlled matrix adhesion during restitution after superficial injury. Actin polymerization regulates cell migration and the importance of actin-related proteins was also highlighted. Work on SARS-CoV-2 infection lent important new insights on gastroduodenal mucosal injury in patients with Covid-19 infection and work done with organoids and intestine-on-a-chip contributed new understanding about how coronaviruses infect gastrointestinal tissues and its resulting barrier dysfunction. A novel risk stratification paradigm was proposed to assist with decision making about repeat endoscopy for patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers and new therapeutic options were studied for ulcer disease. Lastly, work to support the mechanism of metaplasia development after deep injury and parietal cell loss was provided using novel transgenic mouse models.

Summary
Recent studies highlight novel molecular targets to promote mucosal healing after injury of the gastroduodenal mucosa.
The TUDOR domain of SMN is an H3K79me1histone mark reader
Authors: Binda Olivier , Ishimwe Aimé Boris Kimenyi , Galloy Maxime , Jacquet Karine , Corpet Armelle , Fradet-Turcotte Amélie , Côté Jocelyn , Lomonte Patrick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpinal Muscle Atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality and results from the loss of functional Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein by either deletion or mutation of theSMN1gene. SMN is characterized by a central TUDOR domain, which mediates the association of SMN with arginine methylated (Rme) partners, such as COILIN, FIBRILLARIN, and RNApolII. Herein, we biochemically demonstrate that SMN also associates with histone H3 monomethylated on lysine 79 (H3K79me1), defining SMN as the first known H3K79me1histone mark reader, and thus the first histone mark reader to recognize both methylated arginine and lysine residues. Mutational analyzes provide evidence that SMNTUDORassociates with H3 via an aromatic cage. Importantly, most SMNTUDORmutants found in SMA (SMNST) patients fail to associate with H3K79me1.Summary BlurbSpinal Muscle Atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutation or deletion ofSMN1gene. Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein associates with histone H3 mono-methylated on lysine 79 (H3K79me1) through its central TUDOR domain. SMA-linked mutations occur within the TUDOR domain and prevent association with histone H3.
High levels of all-cause mortality among people who inject drugs in Greece in 2018–2022
Authors: Rousssos Sotirios , Angelopoulos Theodoros , Cholongitas Evangelos , Savvanis Spyridon , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Kapatais Andreas , Hounta Athina , Ioannidou Panagiota , Deutsch Melani , Manolakopoulos Spilios , Sevastianos Vasileios , Papageorgiou Maria-Vasiliki , Vlachogiannakos Ioannis , Mela Maria , Elefsiniotis Ioannis , Vrakas Spyridon , Karagiannakis Dimitrios , Pliarchopoulou Fani , Chaikalis Savvas , Tsirogianni Effrosyni , Psichogiou Mina , Kalamitsis Georgios , Leobilla Foteini , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Malliori Meni , Goulis Ioannis , Papatheodoridis Georgios , Hatzakis Angelos , Sypsa Vana 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAimsTo estimate all-cause mortality in a cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) over the period 2018–2022 in the two major cities of Greece (Athens and Thessaloniki).MethodsPWID were recruited from two community-based seek-test-treat programs for HCV and HIV infections in Athens and Thessaloniki. Participants provided information on sociodemographic characteristics, injection practices, social security number, access to harm reduction and treatment. Data on the vital status and date of death were identified from the national HCV treatment registry. All-cause mortality rates (CMR) were estimated as well as age-, gender- and calendar-year standardized mortality ratios (SMR). Determinants of mortality were assessed using a Cox proportional-hazards model.ResultsOf 2,433 PWID, 243 (10.0%) died over a total of 6,649 person-years (PYs) of follow-up. The CMR [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 3.50 (3.08–3.97) deaths per 100 PYs; 3.03 (2.58–3.57) in Athens and 4.56 (3.74–5.57) in Thessaloniki. An increasing trend in CMR was identified over the period 2018–2022 in Athens (p for trend=0.004). The overall SMR (95% CI) was 17.17 (15.14–19.47) per 100 PYs in the combined cohort; 15.10 (12.85–17.75) in Athens and 21.72 (17.78–26.53) in Thessaloniki. The SMR was particularly increased in younger ages, females, those injecting daily, and HIV-infected PWID. Older age, living in Thessaloniki, Greek origin, homelessness, daily injecting drug use, HIV, and HCV infections were independently associated with all-cause mortality.ConclusionAll-cause mortality among PWID in Greece during 2018–2022 is high with the population in Thessaloniki being particularly affected. The increasing trend in mortality in Athens might be the long-term impact of the pandemic on the health of PWID. Preventive programs such as take-home naloxone distribution and community involvement to increase harm reduction, screening, and uptake of antiretroviral and chronic hepatitis C treatment are urgently needed.
3d virtual histology reveals pathological alterations of cerebellar granule cells in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Frost Jakob , Schmitzer Bernhard , Töpperwien Mareike , Eckermann Marina , Franz Jonas , Stadelmann Christine , Salditt Tim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigate structural properties of neurons in the granular layer of human cerebellum with respect to their involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS). To this end we analyze data recorded by X-ray phase contrast tomography from tissue samples collected post mortem from a MS and a healthy control group. Using automated segmentation and histogram analysis based on optimal transport theory (OT) we find that the distributions representing nuclear structure in the granular layer move to a more compact nuclear state, i.e. smaller, denser and more heterogeneous nuclei in MS. We have previously made a similar observation for neurons of the dentate gyrus in Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting that more compact structure of neuronal nuclei which we attributed to increased levels of heterochromatin, may possibly represent a more general phenomenon of cellular senescence associated with neurodegeneration.
Pre-pandemic cross-reactive humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ioannidis John P.A. , Contopoulos-Ioannidis Despina G. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the evidence on the presence of antibodies cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2 antigens in pre-pandemic samples from African populations.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating pre-pandemic African samples using pre-set assay-specific thresholds for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.Results26 articles with 156 datasets were eligible, including 3,437 positives among 29,923 measurements (11.5%) with large between-dataset heterogeneity. Positivity was similar for anti-N (14%) and anti-S antibodies (11%), higher for anti-S1 (23%) and lower for anti-RBD antibodies (7%). Positivity was similar, on average, for IgM and IgG. Positivity was seen prominently in countries where malaria transmission occurs throughout and in datasets enriched in malaria cases (14%, 95% CI, 12-15% versus 2%, 95% CI 1-2% in other datasets). Substantial SARS-CoV-2 reactivity was seen in high malaria burden with or without high dengue burden (14% and 12%, respectively), and not without high malaria burden (2% and 0%, respectively). Lower SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity was seen in countries and cohorts of high HIV seroprevalence. More sparse individual-level data showed associations of higher SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity withPlasmodiumparasitemia and lower SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity with HIV seropositivity.ConclusionsPre-pandemic samples from Africa show high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Levels of cross-reactivity tracks especially with malaria prevalence.
A Third Dose COVID-19 Vaccination in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients
Authors: Watanabe Marika , Yakushijin Kimikazu , Funakoshi Yohei , Ohji Goh , Ichikawa Hiroya , Sakai Hironori , Hojo Wataru , Saeki Miki , Hirakawa Yuri , Matsumoto Sakuya , Sakai Rina , Nagao Shigeki , Kitao Akihito , Miyata Yoshiharu , Koyama Taiji , Saito Yasuyuki , Kawamoto Shinichiro , Yamamoto Katsuya , Ito Mitsuhiro , Murayama Tohru , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Minami Hironobu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe previously reported that a second dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine was safe and effective for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. However, some of these patients did not achieve seroconversion. Here, we investigated the safety and efficacy of a third dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in Japanese allogeneic HSCT patients. Antibody titers against the S1 spike protein were measured using the QuaResearch COVID-19 Human IgM IgG ELISA kit. The previous study included 25 allogeneic HSCT patients who received two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Following the exclusion of three patients because of the development of COVID-19 (n = 2) and loss to follow-up (n = 1), the study evaluated 22 allogeneic HSCT patients who received a third dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 [n = 15] and mRNA-1273 [n = 7]). Median age at the time of the first vaccination was 56 (range, 23–71) years. Median time from HSCT to the third vaccination and from the second to the third vaccination was 1842 (range, 378–4279) days and 219 (range, 194–258) days, respectively. Five patients were receiving immunosuppressants at the third vaccination, namely calcineurin inhibitors (CI) alone (n = 1), steroids alone (n = 2), or CI combined with steroids (n = 2). Median optical density of S1 IgG titers before and after the third dose was 0.099 (range, 0.001–0.713) and 1.315 (range, 0.006–1.730), respectively. Among 22 evaluable patients, 21 (95%) seroconverted after the third dose. Four of the five patients treated with steroids or CI seroconverted after the third vaccination. One patient with a serum IgG level of 173 mg/dL who received steroids did not achieve seroconversion. On one-week follow-up, none of our patients had>grade 3 or serious adverse events, new-onset graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), or GVHD exacerbation after vaccination. The most frequent adverse event was mild pain at the injection site. A third dose of the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines was safe and effective for allogeneic HSCT patients.
Estimating the effects of reduced sunlight due to solar geoengineering on suicide in the United States
Authors: Tanaka Shinsuke , Matsubayashi Tetsuya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSolar geoengineering, whereby sunlight is reflected back into space at the outer atmosphere to reduce incoming sunlight, is increasingly considered a viable option to mitigate global warming, yet the health consequences of reducing incoming sunlight remain poorly quantified.ObjectivesThis study examines the effects of sunlight exposure on the rate of suicide across the United States over nearly three decades and projects the impact of geoengineering-induced reductions in sunlight on suicides by 2100.MethodsThe analysis relates sunlight exposure, as measured by solar insolation, to the suicide rate at the county-by-month level in the United States between 1979 and 2004 (N = 444,861), after adjusting for temperature, precipitation, county-by-month effects, and state-by-year effects. We project the excess suicides due to the negative radiative forcing required to keep the temperature rise below 1.5 °C by 2100.ResultsWe find that suicide rates increase by 6.99% (95% CI: 3.86, 10.13) as sunlight decreases by one standard deviation, which is almost equivalent to the difference in sunlight between the lowest (Vermont) and highest (Arizona) state-level averages. The effects are similar across an extensive set of county characteristics and over time, suggesting limited adaptation to sunlight exposure in suicidal behavior. We also find that insufficient sunlight exposure increases the searches containing depressive language on Google Trends. These estimates suggest that solar geoengineering could result in 1.26–3.18 thousand additional suicides by 2100 under the business-as-usual scenario, which could more than offset the suicides averted by temperature fall.DiscussionOur findings highlight the substantial benefits of sunlight exposure on the incidence of suicide and mental well-being, thus calling for climate policy to better balance the potential benefits and harms of solar geoengineering.