bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on pharmaceuticals in wastewater treated for beneficial reuse: Two case studies in central Pennsylvania
Authors: Hayden Kathryn R. , Jones Matthew , Elkin Kyle R. , Shreve Michael J. , Clees William Irvin , Clark Shirley , Mashtare Michael L. , Veith Tamie L. , Elliott Herschel A. , Watson John E. , Silverman Justin , Richard Thomas L. , Read Andrew F. , Preisendanz Heather E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, wastewater surveillance was leveraged as a powerful tool for monitoring community‐scale health. Further, the well‐known persistence of some pharmaceuticals through wastewater treatment plants spurred concerns that increased usage of pharmaceuticals during the pandemic would increase the concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluent. We collected weekly influent and effluent samples from May 2020 through May 2021 from two wastewater treatment plants in central Pennsylvania, the Penn State Water Reclamation Facility and the University Area Joint Authority, that provide effluent for beneficial reuse, including for irrigation. Samples were analyzed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (influent only), two over‐the‐counter medicines (acetaminophen and naproxen), five antibiotics (ampicillin, doxycycline, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim), two therapeutic agents (remdesivir and dexamethasone), and hydroxychloroquine. Although there were no correlations between pharmaceutical and virus concentration, remdesivir detection occurred when the number of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 increased, and dexamethasone detection co‐occurred with the presence of patients with COVID‐19 on ventilators. Additionally, Penn State decision‐making regarding instruction modes explained the temporal variation of influent pharmaceutical concentrations, with detection occurring primarily when students were on campus. Risk quotients calculated for pharmaceuticals with known effective and lethal concentrations at which 50% of a population is affected for fish, daphnia, and algae were generally low in the effluent; however, some acute risks from sulfamethoxazole were high when students returned to campus. Remdesivir and dexamethasone persisted through the wastewater treatment plants, thereby introducing novel pharmaceuticals directly to soils and surface water. These results highlight connections between human health and water quality and further demonstrate the broad utility of wastewater surveillance.
Retrospective evaluation of slim fully covered self‐expandable metallic stent for unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Takahashi Sho , Fujisawa Toshio , Ushio Mako , Fukuma Taito , Suzuki Akinori , Takasaki Yusuke , Ito Koichi , Tomishima Ko , Ishii Shigeto , Isayama Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere have been few reports of covered self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement for malignant hilar‐biliary obstruction (MHBO) because of risk of biliary branch obstruction. We studied feasibility and efficacy of 6‐mm‐diameter, slim, fully covered SEMS (SFCSEMS) in a relatively large cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated SFCSEMS in unresectable MHBO from December 2016 to September 2021 in Juntendo University Hospital.ResultsWe enrolled consecutive 54 unresectable MHBO (18 bile duct, 11 gallbladder, eight pancreatic, two hepatocellular, and 15 metastatic cancer cases) including Bismuth‐type II (n = 11), III (n = 17), and IV (n = 26), and placed two (n = 35) or three (n = 19) SFCSEMS. The technical and clinical success rate was 100% and 92.5%, respectively, with 76.3 min of mean procedure time. Recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) was observed in 35.2% and the median cumulative time to RBO (TRBO) was 181 days. Other adverse events were 11.1% (four mild‐pancreatitis, one segmental‐cholangitis, and one cholecystitis). There were no failed cases of stent exchange and second SFCSEMS (n = 6) showed significantly lower RBO (16.7% vs. 81.8%, P = .0364) and longer TRBO (undefined vs 86 days; P = .0617) than plastic stent (n = 11).ConclusionsEndoscopic placement of SFCSEMS for unresectable MHBO was effective and feasible with low incidence of segmental cholangitis, and exchange strategy of SFCSEMS was promising.
Prognostic impact of the tumor volume doubling time in clinical T1 non‐small cell lung cancer with solid radiological findings
Authors: Nakahashi Kenta , Shiono Satoshi , Nakatsuka Marina , Endo Makoto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate better radiological prognostic factors in clinical T1 pure‐solid non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThis study enrolled 284 patients with clinical T1 solid NSCLC who underwent anatomical lung resection. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the prognostic impact of tumor volume doubling time (VDT) at disease‐free survival (DFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS).ResultsThe median VDT was 347 days. Age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.07) and standardized uptake value max (SUVmax) (>6.0) (HR = 2.61; 95% CI, 1.52–4.66) were identified as significantly independent worse prognostic factors for DFS in a multivariable analysis without VDT. Furthermore, a multivariable analysis without SUVmax identified age (HR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03–1.09), CEA (>5.0 ng/ml) (HR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.30–4.02), tumor diameter on CT (>2.0 cm) (HR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.18–3.13), and VDT (HR = 4.03; 95% CI, 2.41–6.93) as significantly independent worse prognostic factors for DFS.ConclusionsThe VDT value could be a useful prognostic factor in clinical T1 solid NSCLC.
Evolving a national clinical trials learning health system
Authors: Stensland Kristian D. , Richesson Rachel L. , Vince Randy A. , Skolarus Ted A. , Sales Anne E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClinical trials generate key evidence to inform decision making, and also benefit participants directly. However, clinical trials frequently fail, often struggle to enroll participants, and are expensive. Part of the problem with trial conduct may be the disconnected nature of clinical trials, preventing rapid data sharing, generation of insights and targeted improvement interventions, and identification of knowledge gaps. In other areas of healthcare, a learning health system (LHS) has been proposed as a model to facilitate continuous learning and improvement. We propose that an LHS approach could greatly benefit clinical trials, allowing for continuous improvements to trial conduct and efficiency. A robust trial data sharing system, continuous analysis of trial enrollment and other success metrics, and development of targeted trial improvement interventions are potentially key components of a Trials LHS reflecting the learning cycle and allowing for continuous trial improvement. Through the development and use of a Trials LHS, clinical trials could be treated as a system, producing benefits to patients, advancing care, and decreasing costs for stakeholders.
Antioxidant Silk Fibroin Composite Hydrogel for Rapid Healing of Diabetic Wound
Authors: Maity Biswanath , Alam Shadab , Samanta Sourav , Prakash Relekar G. , Govindaraju Thimmaiah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWound healing is a complex process requiring multiple biological pathways and chemical responses to be activated and synchronized to recover tissue integrity. In normal physiological circumstances, the epidermal barrier restoration process through new tissue formation is highly efficient. However, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), attack of pathogenic microorganisms, and high glucose level delay the normal healing process in diabetic patients. The successful treatment of diabetic wounds requires efficient strategies to control oxidative stress, promoting angiogenesis, re‐epithelialization, and collagen deposition. In this study, a composite hydrogel for rapid wound healing in diabetic condition is developed by the amalgamation of hypolipidemic property of silk fibroin (SF), antioxidant property of melanin, and therapeutic effect of berberine. Studies have revealed that cross‐linked mesoporous morphology of hydrogel matrix facilitates slow release of berberine to impart long‐term therapeutic effects at wound site. The composite hydrogel formulation is biocompatible, stimulates effective migration of fibroblast cells, and control oxidative stress under in vitro conditions. The hydrogel served as scaffold for tissue re‐epithelialization and promotes wound repair in diabetic type I Wistar rat model. This study demonstrates the ability of berberine‐ loaded SF‐melanin composite hydrogel as a potential dressing formulation for wound healing in diabetic conditions.
Energy expenditure measurements are reproducible in different whole‐room indirect calorimeters in humans
Authors: Stinson Emma J. , Rodzevik Theresa , Krakoff Jonathan , Piaggi Paolo , Chang Douglas C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the agreement of commonly reported energy metabolism measurements obtained from two different whole‐room indirect calorimeters (WRICs).MethodsNine healthy adult volunteers were evaluated over four separate 24‐hour periods in a crossover design, twice in two different WRICs of different sizes, each operated according to the Room Indirect Calorimetry Operating and Reporting Standards published in 2020. The reproducibility of repeated measurements was quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe CVs between and within each WRIC for average 24‐hour carbon dioxide production rate (VCO2) and oxygen consumption rate (VO2), 24‐hour energy expenditure (EE), and respiratory exchange ratio ranged from 1.5% to 3.6%, whereas sleep EE ranged from 3.1% to 5.5%. CVs for macronutrient oxidation rates and spontaneous physical activity were higher, ranging from 9.2% to 38.1%. ICCs of VCO2, VO2, 24‐hour EE, and energy expenditure at zero activity were >0.95, indicating excellent reproducibility, whereas ICCs for lipid oxidation, awake and fed thermogenesis, and sleep EE ranged from 0.55 to 0.92, indicating moderate to high reproducibility. ICCs for respiratory exchange ratio and carbohydrate and protein oxidation rates were lower (<0.70). Spontaneous physical activity showed high reproducibility within chambers (ICC = 0.88) but differed substantially between chambers (ICC = 0.23).ConclusionsCross‐chamber reproducibility is high for common outcome measures assessed in the respiratory chamber. The results support efforts to promote standardization across WRICs to allow multicenter studies.
Novel Glucosylimidazolium Ionic‐Liquid‐Supported Novozym 435 Catalysts – A Proof of Concept for an Acrylation Reaction
Authors: Lehmann Paul , Jopp Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of novel ionic liquids based on glucose was synthesized in high yields in simple two or three‐step reaction procedures. These carbohydrate‐based ionic liquids were studied and compared to commercially available imidazolium‐based ionic liquids as supports for Novozym 435 in the acrylation of n‐butanol. A direct correlation between the availability of hydroxy groups and the overall activity as well as an enhanced recyclability of the biocatalyst has been found for the glucose‐based ionic liquids.
Poly(lactide)‐based supramolecular polymers driven by self‐complementary quadruple hydrogen bonds: construction, crystallization and mechanical properties
Authors: Jing Zhanxin , Huang Xiaolan , Liu Xingqi , Liao Mingneng , Li Yong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of poly(lactide) (PLA)‐based supramolecular polymers based on linear PLLA‐b‐PCL‐b‐PLLA triblock copolymers (PLLA, poly(l‐lactide); PCL, poly(ε‐caprolactone)) or/and three‐arm star (PCL‐b‐PDLA)3 block copolymers (PDLA, poly(d‐lactide)) were synthesized. The effects of the structure and composition on crystal structure, crystallization behavior, spherulite morphology and mechanical properties of the synthesized supramolecular polymers were investigated. The results of DSC and polarized optical microscopy indicated that the supramolecular polymer exhibited poor crystallization ability with respect to PCL/PLA block copolymer, and the crystallinity of the supramolecular polymer with alternating PCL/PLA multiblock structure was stronger than that with similar crosslinked network structure. The presence of molten PCL blocks disturbed the orientation of lamellae, forming spherulites with feather‐like dendrites, and ring‐banded spherulites were observed as the molecular weight of the PLA blocks increased. The results of tensile tests demonstrated that supramolecular polymers with larger molecular weight of PLA blocks showed the pronounced ductile fracture. On this basis, stereocomplexed supramolecular polymers were also synthesized, and it was found that the stereocomplex crystals had a significant impact on the crystallization and mechanical properties of the supramolecular polymers. Therefore, in this work a novel technique for manufacturing toughened PLA‐based material and tuning its performances is proposed, which may promote the application of PLA‐based materials in more fields. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of oncology trainees on function and cancer rehabilitation medicine
Authors: Molinares Diana , Parke Sara , Yadav Rajesh , Liu Diane , Williams Janet , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundImproved function is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Cancer rehabilitation medicine (CRM) is a subspecialty of physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) that focuses on improving function in patients with cancer. One of the barriers to patients accessing CRM services is the lack of referrals from oncology providers. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of oncology trainees regarding the importance of function and the role of CRM is essential to reducing educational gaps and improving patients' access to essential rehabilitation services.ObjectiveTo determine oncology trainees' knowledge, attitude and beliefs about the importance of function and the role of CRM in the care of patients with cancer.SettingThe study was conducted at a comprehensive cancer center in the United States.InterventionDescriptive survey study was administered to postgraduate oncology trainees who spent at least 1 day a week providing patient care.Main outcomeParticipants' report of their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs on the importance of function and CRM in the care of patients with cancer.ResultsThe survey was sent to 197 oncology trainees with a response rate of 67% (n = 132) and 126 were ultimately included. All participants believed that function is important in the care of patients with cancer. The majority believed that better function improves treatment tolerance (94%) and survival (84%). Most reported that having CRM physicians (80%) and an inpatient rehabilitation unit (88%) in the oncological setting is important; however, most participants reported that they refer fewer than 25% of their patients to CRM services. Participants with prior exposure to PM&R were significantly more likely to consult PM&R compared to those without exposure (p = .005). Most oncology trainees (81%) believed that education in CRM should be part of their oncology training.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that oncology trainees believe that function is important. They also believe that access to CRM would improve treatment tolerance and survival, but most report that they rarely refer patients to CRM services. Most trainees desire increased exposure to CRM during oncology training.
Profiling of proteome changes in plasma of HIV‐infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Li Ting , Qu Hong , Ding Haibo , Deng Haiteng , Chen Yuling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeAntiretroviral therapy (ART) prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 onward transmission and disease progression, leading to excellent prognosis in people living with HIV‐1 (PWH). However, side effects, complications, and impaired immune reconstitution persist in some patients treated with ART. We aimed to profile proteome changes in plasma before and after ART to identify the molecular pathways altered by ART.Experimental DesignQuantitative proteomics analysis based on tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling was used to profile proteome changes of paired plasma samples from HIV‐1 patients before receiving ART and after ART treatment.ResultsA total of 1398 protein groups (PGs) were identified, in which 18 proteins were downregulated and 50 were upregulated in plasma from ART treated patients. Based on Ingenuity Pathway analysis (IPA), gap junction signaling and actin cytoskeleton signaling were enriched among upregulated proteins, while downregulated proteins were mainly participated in IL‐15 signaling pathway. Patients with the low level of CSF1R and the high levels of MINPP1 and TGM3 showed better CD4+ T‐cell recovery.ConclusionsThe present study provided plasma proteome changes after ART to elucidate the underlying mechanistic pathways in response to ART, and also identified potential targets to prompt immune reconstitution.
Synthesis, phloem mobility and induced plant resistance of synthetic salicylic acid amino acid or glucose conjugates
Authors: Guichard Benoit , Wu Hanxiang , La Camera Sylvain , Hu Richa , Marivingt‐Mounir Cécile , Chollet Jean‐François 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe growing demand for food, combined with a strong social expectation for a diet produced with fewer conventional agrochemical inputs, has led to the development of new alternatives in plant protection worldwide. Among different possibilities, the stimulation of the plant innate immune system by chemicals represents a novel and promising way. The vectorization strategy of an active ingredient that we previously developed with fungicides can potentially extend to salicylic acid (SA) or its halogenated analogues.RESULTSUsing the click chemistry method, six new conjugates combining SA or two mono‐ or di‐halogenated analogues with L‐glutamic acid or β‐D‐glucose via a 1,2,3‐triazole nucleus have been synthesized. Conjugate 8a, which is derived from SA and glutamic acid, showed high phloem mobility in the Ricinus model, similar to that of SA alone despite a much higher steric hindrance. In vivo bioassays of the six conjugates against two maize pathogenic fungi Bipolaris maydis and Fusarium graminearum revealed that, unlike SA, the amino acid conjugate 8a with good phloem mobility exerted a protective effect not only locally at the application site, but also in distant stem tissues after foliar application. Moreover, compounds 8a and 8b induced up‐regulation of both defense‐related genes ZmNPR1 and ZmPR1 similar to their parent compounds upon challenge inoculation with B. maydis.CONCLUSIONThe vectorization of salicylic acid or its halogenated derivatives by coupling them with an α‐amino acid can be a promising strategy to stimulate SA‐mediated plant defenses responses against pathogens outside the application site. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Key considerations for choosing a statistical method to deal with incomplete treatment adherence in pragmatic trials
Authors: Hossain Md. Belal , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPragmatic trials offer practical means of obtaining real‐world evidence to help improve decision‐making in comparative effectiveness settings. Unfortunately, incomplete adherence is a common problem in pragmatic trials. The commonly used methods in randomized control trials often cannot handle the added complexity imposed by incomplete adherence, resulting in biased estimates. Several naive methods and advanced causal inference methods (e.g., inverse probability weighting and instrumental variable‐based approaches) have been used in the literature to deal with incomplete adherence. Practitioners and applied researchers are often confused about which method to consider under a given setting. This current work is aimed to review commonly used statistical methods to deal with non‐adherence along with their key assumptions, advantages, and limitations, with a particular focus on pragmatic trials. We have listed the applicable settings for these methods and provided a summary of available software. All methods were applied to two hypothetical datasets to demonstrate how these methods perform in a given scenario, along with the R codes. The key considerations include the type of intervention strategy (point treatment settings, where treatment is administered only once versus sustained treatment settings, where treatment has to be continued over time) and availability of data (e.g., the extent of measured or unmeasured covariates that are associated with adherence, dependent confounding impacted by past treatment, and potential violation of assumptions). This study will guide practitioners and applied researchers to use the appropriate statistical method to address incomplete adherence in pragmatic trial settings for both the point and sustained treatment strategies.
Rhinacanthus nasutus and okara polysaccharides attenuate colitis via inhibiting inflammation and modulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Yi , Shen Yu‐Chieh , Lin Jer‐An , Yen Gow‐Chin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlant polysaccharides have prebiotic properties for gut microbiota and immune modulation. This study aimed to investigate the prevention abilities of edible Rhinacanthus nasutus polysaccharide (RNP) and okara polysaccharide (OP) in Sprague–Dawley rats with acetic acid‐induced colitis. The characterizations of RNP and OP were analyzed, including Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and monosaccharide composition. The prebiotic properties of RNP and OP were determined in vitro. In addition, the pathological features of colon length and inflammatory cytokine levels in acetic acid‐induced colitis were improved by intragastric preadministration of RNP and OP for 3 weeks. There was no nephrotoxicity or hepatotoxicity in rats via histopathological assessment after RNP and OP intake. Moreover, the abundance of short‐chain fatty acids‐producing bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacilli, and Prevotellaceae) were increased after RNP supplementation. In conclusion, intragastric gavage of RNP and OP significantly modulated the gut microbiota and immune response, consequently alleviating the symptoms of colitis. This novel finding provides an alternative strategy and potential application of these two polysaccharides for colitis prevention and treatment.