bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patchy Proton Aurora at Mars: A Global View of Solar Wind Precipitation Across the Martian Dayside From EMM/EMUS
Authors: Chaffin Michael S. , Fowler Christopher M. , Deighan Justin , Jain Sonal , Holsclaw Greg , Hughes Andréa , Ramstad Robin , Dong Yaxue , Brain Dave , AlMazmi Hoor , Chirakkil Krishnaprasad , Correira John , England Scott , Evans J. Scott , Fillingim Matt , Lillis Rob , Lootah Fatma , Raghuram Susarla , McFadden Jim , Halekas Jasper , Espley Jared , Schneider Nick , Mayyasi Majd , Lee Christina O. , Curry Shannon , AlMatroushi Hessa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProton aurora at Mars are thought to form indirectly, as a result of solar wind proton charge exchange with planetary coronal hydrogen upstream of the bow shock. This charge exchange produces beamed energetic neutral atoms that bypass the induced magnetosphere and cause spatially uniform auroral emission when they collide with the thermosphere. Here we report multiple definitive observations of spatially localized “patchy” proton aurora at Mars using the Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer on the Emirates Mars Mission, and characterize the plasma environment during these events using contemporaneous Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission measurements. Multiple mechanisms are required to explain these observations, including at times the direct deposition of solar wind plasma into the thermosphere, particularly during radial interplanetary magnetic field conditions. Much future work will be needed to assess these mechanisms and understand the impact of these auroral events on Mars atmospheric evolution.
Light People: Professor Baohua Jia
Authors: Guo Siqiu 
Published: August 2022

EditorialIntegrated photonics means integrating multiple photonic functions on a single Photonic Integrated Chip (PIC). Empowered by various nanofabrication techniques on diverse innovative material platforms, remarkable advances have been made in integrated photonics in the last decade. Light: Advanced Manufacturing (LAM) is a new, highly selective, open-access, and free of charge international sister journal of the Nature Journal Light: Science & Applications (Light). LAM aims to publish original innovative research papers and timely, state-of-the-art reviews in all modern areas of preferred light-based manufacturing, including fundamental and applied research as well as industrial innovations. LAM is organizing a special issue on integrated photonics, in order to capture the most exciting cutting edge advances in integrated photonics, including new material platforms, new fabrication and characterization technologies, new device architectures, new design principle of miniaturized components, nanophotonic devices, and their potential applications. We are very honored to feature Prof. Baohua Jia, the lead guest editor of this special issue, as this issue’s Light People. She is the Director of Center for Atomaterial Sciences and Technologies at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University and a top-level Future Fellow funded by the Australian Research Council. Her research focuses on fundamental light and nanomaterial interaction. In particular, her work on laser manipulation of two-dimensional materials has led to the design and fabrication of functional nanostructures and nanomaterials for effective harnessing and storage of clean energy from sunlight, purifying water and air for clean environment and imaging and spectroscopy and nanofabrication using ultrafast laser towards fast-speed all-optical communications and intelligent manufacturing. She is an elected Fellow of Optica (formally known as OSA) and an elected Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals, and Mining. She serves on the College of Expert for the Australian Research Council since 2019. Now please follow Light scientific editor to enter Prof. Jia’s academic world.
p53 positively regulates the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells promoted by laminin-521
Authors: Ma Mingyang , Hua Shuyao , Min Xiangde , Wang Liang , Li Jun , Wu Ping , Liang Huifang , Zhang Bixiang , Chen Xiaoping , Xiang Shuai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) hold tremendous potential for liver regeneration, but their well-known limitation of proliferation hampers their broader use. There is evidence that laminin is required for the proliferation of HPCs, but the laminin isoform that plays the dominant role and the key intracellular downstream targets that mediate the regulation of HPC proliferation have yet to be determined. Here we showed that p53 expression increased gradually and reached maximal levels around 8 days when laminin α4, α5, β2, β1, and γ1 subunit levels also reached a maximum during HPC activation and expansion. Laminin-521 (LN-521) promoted greater proliferation of HPCs than do laminin, matrigel or other laminin isoforms. Inactivation of p53 by PFT-α or Ad-p53V143A inhibited the promotion of proliferation by LN-521. Further complementary MRI and bioluminescence imaging analysis showed that p53 inactivation decreased the proliferation of transplanted HPCs in vivo. p53 was activated by LN-521 through the Integrin α6β1/FAK-Src-Paxillin/Akt axis. Activated p53 was involved in the nuclear translocation of CDK4 and inactivation of Rb by inducing p27Kip1. Taken together, this study identifies LN-521 as an ideal candidate substrate for HPC culture and uncovers an unexpected positive role for p53 in regulating proliferation of HPCs, which makes it a potential target for HPC-based regenerative medicine.
Induction of RAC1 protein translation and MKK7/JNK-dependent autophagy through dicer/miR-145/SOX2/miR-365a axis contributes to isorhapontigenin (ISO) inhibition of human bladder cancer invasion
Authors: Hua Xiaohui , Xiang Daimin , Guo Mengxin , Qian Xiaohui , Chen Ruifan , Li Tengda , Tian Zhongxian , Xu Jiheng , Huang Chao , Xie Qipeng , Huang Chuanshu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough our previous studies have identified that isorhapontigenin (ISO) is able to initiate autophagy in human bladder cancer (BC) cells by activating JNK/C-Jun/SESN2 axis and possesses an inhibitory effect on BC cell growth, association of autophagy directly with inhibition of BC invasion has never been explored. Also, upstream cascade responsible for ISO activating JNK remains unknown. Thus, we explored both important questions in the current study and discovered that ISO treatment initiated RAC1 protein translation, and its downstream kinase MKK7/JNK phosphorylation/activation, and in turn promoted autophagic responses in human BC cells. Inhibition of autophagy abolished ISO inhibition of BC invasion, revealing that autophagy inhibition was crucial for ISO inhibition of BC invasion. Consistently, knockout of RAC1 also attenuated induction of autophagy and inhibition of BC invasion by ISO treatment. Mechanistic studies showed that upregulation of RAC1 translation was due to ISO inhibition of miR-365a transcription, which reduced miR-365a binding to the 3’-UTR of RAC1 mRNA. Further study indicated that inhibition of miR-365a transcription was caused by downregulation of its transcription factor SOX2, while ISO-promoted Dicer protein translation increased miR-145 maturation, and consequently downregulating SOX2 expression. These findings not only provide a novel insight into the understanding association of autophagy induction with BC invasion inhibition by ISO, but also identify an upstream regulatory cascade, Dicer/miR145/SOX2/miR365a/RAC1, leading to MKK7/JNKs activation and autophagy induction.
A novel COL4A5 splicing variant causing X-linked Alport syndrome: A case report
Authors: Kumagai Naonori , Matsumoto Yuji , Kondoh Tomomi , Ikezumi Yohei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlport syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by renal impairment, hearing loss, and ocular symptoms and is caused by COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 mutations. Here, we report the case of 3-year-old boy with isolated hematuria detected in routine preventative urinary screening conducted in 3-year-old children. He carried a novel variant, NM_033380.3:c. 1032 + 1 G > A, which caused a splicing abnormality in COL4A5. He was diagnosed with X-linked Alport syndrome.
Enhanced polarization and abnormal flexural deformation in bent freestanding perovskite oxides
Authors: Cai Songhua , Lun Yingzhuo , Ji Dianxiang , Lv Peng , Han Lu , Guo Changqing , Zang Yipeng , Gao Si , Wei Yifan , Gu Min , Zhang Chunchen , Gu Zhengbin , Wang Xueyun , Addiego Christopher , Fang Daining , Nie Yuefeng , Hong Jiawang , Wang Peng , Pan Xiaoqing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent realizations of ultrathin freestanding perovskite oxides offer a unique platform to probe novel properties in two-dimensional oxides. Here, we observe a giant flexoelectric response in freestanding BiFeO3 and SrTiO3 in their bent state arising from strain gradients up to 3.5 × 107 m−1, suggesting a promising approach for realizing ultra-large polarizations. Additionally, a substantial change in membrane thickness is discovered in bent freestanding BiFeO3, which implies an unusual bending-expansion/shrinkage effect in the ferroelectric membrane that has never been seen before in crystalline materials. Our theoretical model reveals that this unprecedented flexural deformation within the membrane is attributable to a flexoelectricity–piezoelectricity interplay. The finding unveils intriguing nanoscale electromechanical properties and provides guidance for their practical applications in flexible nanoelectromechanical systems.
Structural and mechanistic basis for recognition of alternative tRNA precursor substrates by bacterial ribonuclease P
Authors: Zhu Jiaqiang , Huang Wei , Zhao Jing , Huynh Loc , Taylor Derek J. , Harris Michael E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBinding of precursor tRNAs (ptRNAs) by bacterial ribonuclease P (RNase P) involves an encounter complex (ES) that isomerizes to a catalytic conformation (ES*). However, the structures of intermediates and the conformational changes that occur during binding are poorly understood. Here, we show that pairing between the 5′ leader and 3′RCCA extending the acceptor stem of ptRNA inhibits ES* formation. Cryo-electron microscopy single particle analysis reveals a dynamic enzyme that becomes ordered upon formation of ES* in which extended acceptor stem pairing is unwound. Comparisons of structures with alternative ptRNAs reveals that once unwinding is completed RNase P primarily uses stacking interactions and shape complementarity to accommodate alternative sequences at its cleavage site. Our study reveals active site interactions and conformational changes that drive molecular recognition by RNase P and lays the foundation for understanding how binding interactions are linked to helix unwinding and catalysis.
PD-L2 controls peripherally induced regulatory T cells by maintaining metabolic activity and Foxp3 stability
Authors: Hurrell Benjamin P. , Helou Doumet Georges , Howard Emily , Painter Jacob D. , Shafiei-Jahani Pedram , Sharpe Arlene H. , Akbari Omid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRegulatory T (Treg) cells are central to limit immune responses to allergens. Here we show that PD-L2 deficiency prevents the induction of tolerance to ovalbumin and control of airway hyperreactivity, in particular by limiting pTreg numbers and function. In vitro, PD-1/PD-L2 interactions increase iTreg numbers and stability. In mice lacking PD-L2 we find lower numbers of splenic pTregs at steady state, producing less IL-10 upon activation and with reduced suppressive activity. Remarkably, the numbers of splenic pTregs are restored by adoptively transferring PD-L2high dendritic cells to PD-L2KO mice. Functionally, activated pTregs lacking PD-L2 show lower Foxp3 expression, higher methylation of the Treg-Specific Demethylation Region (TSDR) and a decreased Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle associated with a defect in mitochondrial function and ATP production. Consequently, pyruvate treatment of PD-L2KO mice partially restores IL-10 production and airway tolerance. Together, our study highlights the importance of the PD-1/PD-L2 axis in the control of metabolic pathways regulating pTreg Foxp3 stability and suppressive functions, opening up avenues to further improve mucosal immunotherapy.
cell2mol: encoding chemistry to interpret crystallographic data
Authors: Vela Sergi , Laplaza Ruben , Cho Yuri , Corminboeuf Clémence 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe creation and maintenance of crystallographic data repositories is one of the greatest data-related achievements in chemistry. Platforms such as the Cambridge Structural Database host what is likely the most diverse collection of synthesizable molecules. If properly mined, they could be the basis for the large-scale exploration of new regions of the chemical space using quantum chemistry (QC). Yet, it is currently challenging to retrieve all the necessary information for QC codes based exclusively on the available structural data, especially for transition metal complexes. To overcome this limitation, we present cell2mol, a software that interprets crystallographic data and retrieves the connectivity and total charge of molecules, including the oxidation state (OS) of metal atoms. We demonstrate that cell2mol outperforms other popular methods at assigning the metal OS, while offering a comprehensive interpretation of the unit cell. The code is made available, as well as reliable QC-ready databases totaling 31k transition metal complexes and 13k ligands that contain incomparable chemical diversity.
A 6-month longitudinal study on worsening of Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shalash Ali , Helmy Asmaa , Salama Mohamed , Gaber Ahmed , El-Belkimy Mahmoud , Hamid Eman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFurther studies are required to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression. This study investigated the motor and non-motor progression of people with PD (PWP) at 6 months during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with that during the pre-pandemic period. Patients were recruited from Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, in the period between April 2019 and December 2020. Fifty patients were included, of whom 17 and 33 patients were followed for 6 months before and during the pandemic, respectively. All patients were assessed at baseline and at 6 months using the MDS-UPDRS, Schwab and England scale (S&E), Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y), Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), International Physical Activity Questionnaire, New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, Non-Motor Symptoms Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Both groups were matched in age, gender, and disease characteristics. Patients followed during the pandemic showed more significant worsening of the total, part I and motor part of MDS-UPDRS, and balance scores (p < 0.001) than those followed during the pre-COVID-19 period. Gait (TUG), balance, and physical activity worsening were significantly correlated with baseline BDI, gait and balance scores, total and part I MDS-UPDRS scores, H&Y, and S&E OFF scores. Gait deterioration (TUG) was correlated with baseline physical activity (r = −0.510,p = 0.002). PWP showed worsening of motor and non-motor symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic at the 6-month follow-up. Worsening of gait, balance, and physical activity was correlated with baseline motor and physical activity OFF scores.
Precursor-free eruption triggered by edifice rupture at Nyiragongo volcano
Authors: Smittarello D. , Smets B. , Barrière J. , Michellier C. , Oth A. , Shreve T. , Grandin R. , Theys N. , Brenot H. , Cayol V. , Allard P. , Caudron C. , Chevrel O. , Darchambeau F. , de Buyl P. , Delhaye L. , Derauw D. , Ganci G. , Geirsson H. , Kamate Kaleghetso E. , Kambale Makundi J. , Kambale Nguomoja I. , Kasereka Mahinda C. , Kervyn M. , Kimanuka Ruriho C. , Le Mével H. , Molendijk S. , Namur O. , Poppe S. , Schmid M. , Subira J. , Wauthier C. , Yalire M. , d’Oreye N. , Kervyn F. , Syavulisembo Muhindo A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClassical mechanisms of volcanic eruptions mostly involve pressure buildup and magma ascent towards the surface1. Such processes produce geophysical and geochemical signals that may be detected and interpreted as eruption precursors1–3. On 22 May 2021, Mount Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), an open-vent volcano with a persistent lava lake perched within its summit crater, shook up this interpretation by producing an approximately six-hour-long flank eruption without apparent precursors, followed—rather than preceded—by lateral magma motion into the crust. Here we show that this reversed sequence was most likely initiated by a rupture of the edifice, producing deadly lava flows and triggering a voluminous 25-km-long dyke intrusion. The dyke propagated southwards at very shallow depth (less than 500 m) underneath the cities of Goma (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Gisenyi (Rwanda), as well as Lake Kivu. This volcanic crisis raises new questions about the mechanisms controlling such eruptions and the possibility of facing substantially more hazardous events, such as effusions within densely urbanized areas, phreato-magmatism or a limnic eruption from the gas-rich Lake Kivu. It also more generally highlights the challenges faced with open-vent volcanoes for monitoring, early detection and risk management when a significant volume of magma is stored close to the surface.
Dysregulated naive B cells and de novo autoreactivity in severe COVID-19
Authors: Woodruff Matthew C. , Ramonell Richard P. , Haddad Natalie S. , Anam Fabliha A. , Rudolph Mark E. , Walker Tiffany A. , Truong Alexander D. , Dixit Adviteeya N. , Han Jenny E. , Cabrera-Mora Monica , Runnstrom Martin C. , Bugrovsky Regina , Hom Jennifer , Connolly Erin C. , Albizua Igor , Javia Vidhi , Cashman Kevin S. , Nguyen Doan C. , Kyu Shuya , Singh Saini Ankur , Piazza Michael , Tipton Christopher M. , Khosroshahi Arezou , Gibson Greg , Martin Greg S. , Maier Cheryl L. , Esper Annette , Jenks Scott A. , Lee F. Eun-Hyung , Sanz Ignacio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSevere SARS-CoV-2 infection1 has been associated with highly inflammatory immune activation since the earliest days of the COVID-19 pandemic2–5. More recently, these responses have been associated with the emergence of self-reactive antibodies with pathologic potential6–10, although their origins and resolution have remained unclear11. Previously, we and others have identified extrafollicular B cell activation, a pathway associated with the formation of new autoreactive antibodies in chronic autoimmunity12,13, as a dominant feature of severe and critical COVID-19 (refs. 14–18). Here, using single-cell B cell repertoire analysis of patients with mild and severe disease, we identify the expansion of a naive-derived, low-mutation IgG1 population of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) reflecting features of low selective pressure. These features correlate with progressive, broad, clinically relevant autoreactivity, particularly directed against nuclear antigens and carbamylated proteins, emerging 10–15 days after the onset of symptoms. Detailed analysis of the low-selection compartment shows a high frequency of clonotypes specific for both SARS-CoV-2 and autoantigens, including pathogenic autoantibodies against the glomerular basement membrane. We further identify the contraction of this pathway on recovery, re-establishment of tolerance standards and concomitant loss of acute-derived ASCs irrespective of antigen specificity. However, serological autoreactivity persists in a subset of patients with postacute sequelae, raising important questions as to the contribution of emerging autoreactivity to continuing symptomology on recovery. In summary, this study demonstrates the origins, breadth and resolution of autoreactivity in severe COVID-19, with implications for early intervention and the treatment of patients with post-COVID sequelae.
Assessing Shared Reading in Families at Risk: Does Quantity Predict Quality?
Authors: O'Fallon Maura K. , Alper Rebecca M. , Beiting Molly , Luo Rufan 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Quantity and quality of early at-home reading shape literacy outcomes. At-home reading frequency is a common outcome measure in interventions. This single measure may not fully capture the quality of early reading interactions, such as parent and child references to print, an important contributor to language and literacy outcomes. This study aims to evaluate if and how reported reading frequency and duration are associated with parent and child print referencing, controlling for perceived parenting self-efficacy, developmental knowledge, and child sex.

Method:

This study is a secondary analysis of baseline data from a treatment study with parents (
N
= 30) and children (1;1–2;3 [years;months]) from underresourced households. Parents reported weekly reading episode frequency and duration (in minutes). We coded parent–child book-sharing interactions to quantify use of print references.

Results:
Negative binomial regression modeling suggested that parents who reported more weekly reading episodes tended to use more print references during interactions. However, reported reading time in minutes was not significantly associated with parents' print referencing. Parents' print references were also associated with perceived self-efficacy, developmental knowledge, and child sex. In our sample, parents used more print references with male children. Neither reading frequency nor reading time was associated with increased print referencing from children.

Conclusions:
Duration of reading did not positively predict children's use of print references. However, weekly reading frequency positively predicted parents' use of print references. Parent perceived self-efficacy and knowledge may predict early interaction quality similarly to quantity of reading.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20669094
A Tutorial Review on Clinical Acoustic Markers in Speech Science
Authors: Schultz Benjamin Glenn , Vogel Adam P. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The human voice changes with the progression of neurological disease and the onset of diseases that affect articulators, often decreasing the effectiveness of communication. These changes can be objectively measured using signal processing techniques that extract acoustic features. When measuring acoustic features, there are often several steps and assumptions that might be known to experts in acoustics and phonetics, but are less transparent for other disciplines (e.g., clinical medicine, speech pathology, engineering, and data science). This tutorial describes these signal processing techniques, explicitly outlines the underlying steps for accurate measurement, and discusses the implications of clinical acoustic markers.

Conclusions:
We establish a vocabulary using straightforward terms, provide visualizations to achieve common ground, and guide understanding for those outside the domains of acoustics and auditory signal processing. Where possible, we highlight the best practices for measuring clinical acoustic markers and suggest resources for obtaining and further understanding these measures.