bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inappropriate use of antibiotics and its predictors in pediatric patients admitted at the Central Hospital of Nampula, Mozambique
Authors: Xavier Sancho Pedro , Victor Audêncio , Cumaquela Graciano , Vasco Melsequisete Daniel , Rodrigues Osiyallê Akanni Silva 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Antibiotics are synthetic or natural substances used to treat bacterial infectious diseases. When used incorrectly, they can be a factor in the development of antimicrobial resistance, increased treatment time, costs, and mortality. The present study aimed to assess the pattern of inappropriate use of antibiotics and their predictors in pediatric patients admitted to the Central Hospital in Nampula, Mozambique.

Methods
A cross-sectional, retrospective study with a quantitative approach was conducted between January and July 2019. The population consisted of children ages 0–10 years hospitalized in the pediatric ward I. Binary logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for the inappropriate use of antibiotics with 95% confidence interval.

Results
The prevalence of antibiotic use among pediatric patients was 97.5%. Of the 464 antibiotics prescribed, 39.9% were for patients suffering from gastroenteritis, 21.8% and 9.1% for those affected with pneumonia and malaria, respectively. Most antibiotics were for parenteral use (95.9%, 445/464). Many (36.5%) of the prescriptions had errors, primarily in the duration of treatment (74.0%) or dosage (24.4%). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that patients prescribed ≥ 3 antibiotics (OR = 2.83, 95% CI 1.245–6.462, p-value = 0.013) or hospitalized for a short time (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.133–2.3140, p-value = 0.015) were more likely to experience inappropriate use of antibiotics.

Conclusion
The study showed both a high prevalence of antibiotic use and a high error rate in prescriptions, especially among patients prescribed ≥ 3 antibiotics or hospitalized for a short time. These results are concerning, since inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotics is a major factor in the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Therefore, policies to reduce the inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotics are necessary.
Psychometric properties of Farsi version of the resilience scale (CD-RISC) and its role in predicting aggression among Iranian athletic adolescent girls
Authors: Nooripour Roghieh , Hoseinian Simin , Vakili Yaghoob , Ghanbari Nikzad , Matacotta Joshua J. , Mozaffari Nazir , Ilanloo Hossein , Lavie Carl 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe sport presents an opportunity for young people to experience the joys of success and cope with setbacks to develop resilient behaviors. However, there is a lack of clarity about how sport can cultivate resilience, particularly among adolescent girls. This study investigated the psychometric properties of Farsi version of the Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and its role in predicting aggression in Iranian athletic adolescent girls. The method of the present study was cross-sectional. The population of this study was Iranian athletic adolescent girls, and 475 Iranian athletic adolescent girls were selected through the convenience sampling method. The participants completed the Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Quality of Mindfulness, General Self-efficacy (GSE), Alexithymia, and Aggression Scale. The CD-RISC’s psychometric properties were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha. Discriminant validity was measured by examining the relationship with alexithymia, and convergent validity was assessed with the quality of mindfulness and GSE. In addition, multiple regression analysis was conducted on the prediction of aggression by the CD-RISC subscales. The five-factor structure provided a good fit for the data. CD-RISC had significant negative associations with alexithymia, and there was a significant positive correlation between CD-RISC and Quality of Mindfulness, GSE. The results indicate that CD-RISC significantly predicts aggression in athletic adolescent girls. The CD-RISC has good validity for athletic adolescent girls in Iran and can be used in psychological evaluations in the Iranian context. CD-RISC significantly predicts aggression among athletic adolescent girls.
Comparative analysis of deep learning based Afaan Oromo hate speech detection
Authors: Ganfure Gaddisa Olani 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSocial media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter are banking on developing machine learning models to help stop the spread of hateful speech on their platforms. The idea is that machine learning models that utilize natural language processing will detect hate speech faster and better than people can. Despite numerous progress has been made for resource reach language, only a few attempts have been made for Ethiopian Languages such as Afaan Oromo. This paper examines the viability of deep learning models for Afaan Oromo hate speech recognition. Toward this, the biggest dataset of hate speech was collected and annotated by the language experts. Variations of profound deep learning models such as CNN, LSTMs, BiLSTMs, LSTM, GRU, and CNN-LSTM are examined to evaluate their viability in identifying Afaan Oromo Hate speeches. The result uncovers that the model dependent on CNN and Bi-LSTM outperforms all the other investigated models with an average F1-score of 87%.
Preliminary study on hydrological angular momentum determined from CMIP6 historical simulations
Authors: Nastula Jolanta , Śliwińska Justyna , Kur Tomasz , Wińska Małgorzata , Partyka Aleksander 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolar motion (PM) is an essential parameter needed to transform coordinates between celestial and terrestrial reference frames, thus playing a crucial role in precise positioning and navigation. The role of hydrological signals in PM excitation is not yet fully understood, which is largely because of the lack of agreement between estimates of hydrological angular momentum (HAM) computed from different data sources. In this study, we used data obtained from the latest, sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to assess the impact of the continental hydrosphere on PM excitation. To do so, we exploited soil moisture and snow water variables obtained from historical simulations of CMIP6 to estimate climate-based HAM. The HAM series were computed, then we analysed their variability in terms of trends, seasonal and non-seasonal oscillations. An important part of this study is the validation of HAM estimates based on comparison with the hydrological signal in geodetically observed PM excitation (geodetic residuals, GAO). In addition, HAM series based on climate models were compared with those determined from global gravimetric data provided by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, and from the Land Surface Discharge Model (LSDM). This study also aimed to identify the most appropriate CMIP6 models for interpretation of PM variations. Overall, the correspondence between GAO and HAM received from CMIP6 was lower than the previously obtained consistency with GRACE results, and the level of agreement was dependent on the oscillation considered and the model used. However, it may be possible to identify several CMIP6 models from among the almost 100 available that provides a HAM series more compatible with GAO than HAM from GRACE or LSDM, especially in annual oscillations. The GISS-E2-1-G_historical_r10i1p1f1 model was found to provide the highest consistency with GAO for annual prograde amplitudes, GFDL-CM4_historical_r1i1p1f1 for annual retrograde amplitudes, BCC-ESM1_historical_r3i1p1f1 for the annual prograde phase, and MIROC-ES2L_historical_r2i1p1f2 for the annual retrograde phase. Because of their length, the CMIP6 data allow for analysis of the past and future changes in HAM from 1850 to 2100, which is of particular importance in the exploration of the impact of climate change on PM excitation.
Graphical Abstract
Urinary tract diversion with gastric conduit after total pelvic exenteration for Crohn’s disease-related anorectal cancer: a case report
Authors: Kimura Kei , Kanematsu Akihiro , Tomono Masato , Kataoka Kozo , Beppu Naohito , Uchino Motoi , Shinohara Hisashi , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Yamamoto Shingo , Ikeda Masataka 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In Japan, Crohn’s disease (CD)-related cancers occur most frequently in the anal canal. Many patients with advanced CD-related cancer require total pelvic exenteration (TPE) based on their medical history, and choosing the most effective method for urinary diversion is a major concern. We herein report the first case of CD-related cancer treatment with urinary diversion using a gastric conduit after TPE in Japan.

Case presentation
A 51-year-old man with a 25 year history of CD was referred to our institution after having been diagnosed with fistulae between the rectum and urethra. Sigmoidoscopy revealed stenosis of the anal canal, and histological examination of this lesion led to a diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the tumor had invaded the prostate and left internal obturator muscle, and TPE with left internal obturator muscle resection was planned. Urinary diversion was performed with a gastric conduit. The gastric conduit was created by trimming a gastric tube to a 1.5 cm width via stapled resection of the greater curvature, and the branches of the right gastroepiploic artery were preserved as feeding vessels. The ureters were raised from the mesentery on the right side of the ligament of Treitz. Ureterogastric anastomosis was performed using the Wallace technique, and the entire anastomosis was then retroperitonealized. The anastomotic site had a bleeding tendency, but hemostasis was obtained by proton pump inhibitor administration and discontinuation of enoxaparin, which had been administered to prevent venous thrombosis. No other major complications occurred, and the patient’s quality of life was recovered 6 months after surgery.

Conclusion
Urinary diversion using a gastric conduit is a feasible treatment option for patients with CD-related anorectal cancer requiring TPE.
Contraceptive discontinuation among women of reproductive age in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Dadzie Louis Kobina , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Tetteh Justice Kanor , Salihu Tarif , Okyere Joshua , Yaya Sanni 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Papua New Guinea has one of the lowest contraceptive prevalence rates among women of reproductive age in the Western Pacific Region and this makes contraceptive discontinuation in this country a critical public health issue worth studying. This study sought to assess the factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation among women of reproductive age in Papua New Guinea.

Methods
The data used for the analysis were obtained from the Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey which was conducted in 2016–2018. The outcome variable for this study was contraceptive discontinuation among women of reproductive age. Crude odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using binary logistic regression.

Results
About 33.26% of the women discontinued injectables, 19.15% discontinued pills and 3.77% discontinued other contraception methods. Women aged 20–24 [aOR = 2.12, CI = [= [1.04,4.31] through to those aged 30–34 [aOR = 1.98, CI = 1.03,3.79] had higher odds to discontinue contraceptive usage compared to those aged 45–49. Women with no information on choice of contraception [aOR = 2.85, CI = 2.31,3.51], those with two or more births in the last five years [aOR = 2.35, CI = 1.65,3.35] and those living in the Highland region [aOR = 1.71, CI = 1.28,2.29] were more likely to discontinue contraceptive usage compared with those with information on contraceptive choices, those with no births and those living in the Island region respectively. However, women in the rural areas [aOR = 0.78, CI = 0.61,0.99], women using LARC [aOR = 0.10, CI = 0.06,0.15], injectables [aOR = 0.43, CI = 0.30,0.63] and other modern contraception methods including condom [aOR = 0.22, CI = 0.15,0.34] were less likely to discontinue contraceptive usage.

Conclusion
A nationwide mass education on the benefits of contraception is recommended for the Papua New Guinea National Department of Health to tackle the key findings of this study which were high contraceptive discontinuation prevalence with lack of information on choice, disproportionately high contraceptive discontinuation rate in the Highland Region and the desire to give birth to more than two children as some factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation in Papua New Guinea.
A practical ‘How-To’ Guide to plain language summaries (PLS) of peer-reviewed scientific publications: results of a multi-stakeholder initiative utilizing co-creation methodology
Authors: Dormer Laura , Schindler Thomas , Williams Lauri Arnstein , Lobban Dawn , Khawaja Sheila , Hunn Amanda , Ubilla Daniela Luzuriaga , Sargeant Ify , Hamoir Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Peer-reviewed scientific publications and congress abstracts are typically written by scientists for specialist audiences; however, patients and other non-specialists are understandably interested in the potential implications of research and what they may mean for them. Plain language summaries (PLS)—summaries of scientific articles in easy-to-read language—are emerging as a valuable addition to traditional scientific publications. Co-creation of PLS with the intended audience is key to ensuring a successful outcome, but practical guidance on how to achieve this has been lacking.

Methods
Building on the Patient Engagement (PE) Quality Guidance previously developed by Patient Focused Medicines Development (PFMD), a multi-stakeholder working group (WG) of individuals with patient engagement experience and/or expertise in PLS was established to develop further activity-specific guidance. PLS guidance was developed through a stepwise approach that included several rounds of co-creation, public consultation (two rounds), internal review and a final external review. The iterative development process incorporated input from a wide variety of stakeholders (patient representatives, industry members, publishers, researchers, medical communications agencies, and public officials involved in research bodies). Feedback from each step was consolidated by the WG and used for refining the draft guidance. The final draft was then validated through external consultation.

Results
The WG comprised 14 stakeholders with relevant experience in PE and/or PLS. The WG developed a set of 15 ethical principles for PLS development. These include the necessity for objective reporting and the absence of any promotional intent, the need for balanced presentation, the importance of audience focus, the need to apply health literacy principles, and the importance of using inclusive and respectful language. The first public consultation yielded 29 responses comprising 478 comments or edits in the shared draft guidance. The second public consultation was an online survey of 14 questions which had 32 respondents. The final ‘How-To’ Guide reflects feedback received and provides a rational, stepwise breakdown of the development of PLS.

Conclusions
The resulting ‘How-To’ Guide is a standalone, practical, ready-to-use tool to support multi-stakeholder co-creation of PLS.
Arthritis-associated osteoclastogenic macrophage, AtoM, as a key player in pathological bone erosion
Authors: Agemura Tomoya , Hasegawa Tetsuo , Yari Shinya , Kikuta Junichi , Ishii Masaru 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOsteoclasts are myeloid lineage cells with a unique bone-destroying ability that maintains bone homeostasis together with bone formation by osteoblasts. An advanced intravital imaging system using a two-photon microscopy has enabled the observation and evaluation of osteoclast dynamics and behaviors in the bone marrow of living mice. Using this system, it has become clear that pathological osteoclasts under inflamed conditions differ from physiological osteoclasts under a steady-state. Recently, we identified novel osteoclast precursors in arthritis, called arthritis-associated osteoclastogenic macrophages (AtoMs), which differentiate into pathological osteoclasts and induce inflammatory bone destruction. In this review, we introduce the in vivo imaging of physiological and pathological osteoclasts and their differentiation mechanism.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with zoonotic disease transmission risk in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Kusumaningrum Tina , Latinne Alice , Martinez Stephanie , Kalengkongan Jusuf , Wiyatno Ageng , Dewantari Aghnianditya Kresno , Kasenda Novie , Bernadus Janno B. B. , Jaya Ungke Anton , Ma’roef Chairin Nisa , Francisco Leilani , Hagan Emily , Miller Maureen , Myint Khin Saw Aye , Daszak Peter , Olival Kevin J. , Saputro Suryo , Pamungkas Joko , Safari Dodi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Hunters, vendors, and consumers are key actors in the wildlife trade value chain in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, and potentially face an elevated risk of exposure to zoonotic diseases. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) associated with the risk of zoonotic disease transmission in these communities is therefore critical for developing recommendations to prevent or mitigate zoonotic outbreaks in the future.

Methods
Qualitative and quantitative methods were combined to understand KAP associated zoonotic diseases transmission risk in communities involved in the wildlife trade in North Sulawesi. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured ethnographic interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) while quantitative data were collected using questionnaires. We conducted 46 ethnographic interviews and 2 FGDs in 2016, and 477 questionnaire administrations in 2017–2018 in communities from five districts in North Sulawesi. We also collected biological specimens, including nasal swab, oropharyngeal swab, and blood, from 254 participants. The study sites were targeted based on known wildlife consumption and trade activities. The participants for qualitative data collection were purposively selected while participants for quantitative data collection were randomly selected. Biological samples were tested for five viral families including Coronaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Paramyxoviridae.

Results
Knowledge regarding disease transmission from animals to humans was similar across the participants in qualitative focus groups, including knowledge of rabies and bird flu as zoonotic diseases. However, only a small fraction of the participants from the quantitative group (1%) considered that contact with wild animals could cause sickness. Our biological specimen testing identified a single individual (1/254, 0.004%) who was sampled in 2018 with serological evidence of sarbecovirus exposure. Overall, participants were aware of some level of risk in working with open wounds while slaughtering or butchering an animal (71%) but most did not know what the specific risks were. However, significant differences in the attitudes or beliefs around zoonotic disease risk and health seeking behaviors were observed across our study sites in North Sulawesi.

Conclusions
Our study showed variable levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with the risk of zoonotic disease transmission among study participants. These findings can be used to develop locally responsive recommendations to mitigate zoonotic disease transmission.
SRR metamaterial-based broadband patch antenna for wireless communications
Authors: Kaur Preet , Bansal Sonia , Kumar Navdeep 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the design and analysis of a broad-band patch antenna using split ring metamaterial. The SRR metamaterial structures are embedded in a unique and novel way in the patch antenna, so that subwavelength modes get introduced in the patch cavity and a broad bandwidth antenna with good performance characteristics is obtained. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is taken as a reference antenna, which resonates at a frequency of 5.2 GHz and has an impedance bandwidth of 70 MHz. To improve the bandwidth of the patch antenna, firstly the split ring resonator (SRR) is designed according to the reference patch antenna. The optimized SRR metamaterial is placed in between the patch and ground plane of the proposed antenna. The – 10 dB impedance bandwidth of the metamaterial-embedded proposed antenna is 1.63–4.88 GHz and has an average gain of 4.5 dB. The Prototype of the proposed antenna and reference antenna is fabricated and experimental results are obtained. Experimental and simulated results are in good agreement. The presented antenna can be used for LTE, GSM, WiMAX, Bluetooth, and other wireless applications.
The truncated form of flagellin (tFlic) provides the 2dCap subunit vaccine with better immunogenicity and protective effects in mice
Authors: Lu Ying , Liu Zehui , Li Yingxiang , Deng Zhuofan , Fang Weihuan , He Fang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the main causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases, and it causes substantial economic losses in the swine industry each year. It is crucial to develop an effective vaccine against the circulating strain PCV2d, which is prone to substantial degrees of mutation. In this study, a truncated form of flagellin (tFlic: 85-111 aa) was inserted into the C-terminal sequence of 2dCap, and Western blotting results showed that recombinant Cap-tFlic VLPs were successfully expressed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) data indicated that purified recombinant Cap-tFlic fusion proteins existed in the form of polymers and that tFlic could not affect the formation and internalization of VLPs. Integrated Cap-tFlic VLPs induced the expression of antigen presentation-related factors (MHC-II and CD86) by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs), and the expression of TLR5-related factors (TNF-α) was dramatically elevated. Mice intramuscularly immunized with Cap-tFlic VLPs exhibited significantly higher levels of Cap-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies than mice immunized with wild-type Cap VLPs. The data obtained in the current study indicate that Cap-tFlic may be a candidate for a subunit vaccine against PCV2 in the future.
Efficient Strategy for the Preparation of Chemical Probes of Biologically Active Glycosides Using a Boron-Mediated Aglycon Delivery (BMAD) Method
Authors: Kimura Kosuke , Yasunaga Takeshi , Makikawa Takumi , Takahashi Daisuke , Toshima Kazunobu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Development of an efficient method for the analysis and identification of the target proteins with which biologically active glycosides directly interact is highly desirable in many research fields. In this article, we report an efficient strategy for the preparation of chemical probes of biologically active glycosides using a reaction sequence of i) a boron-mediated aglycon delivery (BMAD) with an N3-functionalized 1,2-anhydroglucose donor, ii) deprotection, and iii) strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Using the synthesized chemical probes, we successfully demonstrated that the target proteins of a cardiac glycoside, lanatoside C (1), can be visualized and identified in human colon cancer HCT116 cells.