bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research –Oriented Knowledge, Attitude and Practices amongst Dental Students and House Surgeons.
Authors: Wali Aisha , Siddiqui Talha , Ajmir Naqibullah 
Published: March 2022

The objective of the study was to evaluate research-oriented Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices amongst undergraduates and house surgeons of Dental College. Karachi.
A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst undergraduate Dental students and house surgeons during the time between November-December 2018. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee. The students from 1st year, 2nd year, 3rd year, final year and house surgeons were included in the study. Sample size was calculated by taking 50% prevalence rate and computed using open Epi version 3.03 at 95% confidence interval and =5%. The sample size obtained was 243. A convenience sampling technique was employed and a pretested Questionnaire was distributed to the dental students and house surgeons and were informed about the purpose of the study. The study included 243 undergraduate dental students and house surgeons out of which 84 were males and 159 were females. Forty six (90.2%) of the 2nd year students responded “yes” when asked about confident in interpreting and writing research paper. One hundred and five (41.2%) of the respondents preferred Google scholar for literature search. The present study concluded that most of the undergraduate students had more knowledge regarding research than house surgeons.
Impact of Resveratrol in Attenuating Cisplatin Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male adult Rats
Authors: Memon Dr. Shahnaz , Almani Dr. Sajjad Ali , Baloch Dr. Muhammad Saqib , Dr. Samreen Ali  , Talpur Tanveer Ahmed , Harender Kumar  
Published: March 2022

Background and Objective: Resveratrol is a poly-hydroxyphenol plant toxin that alleviates oxidative stress by increasing endogenous antioxidant levels and prevents tissue damage. The study aimed to investigate the anti-oxidative role of Resveratrol by histochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical methods in Cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar Albino rats.
Material and Methods: Quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Anatomy and Postgraduate Laboratory of ISRA University Hyderabad from October 2020 to March 2021. Twenty-four male, normal adult Wistar albino rats were recruited and distributed equally into; Group-A (Control), Group-B (Experimental group or Cisplatin group), Group-C (Experimental group or Cisplatin + Resveratrol combination group). Pre and post-experimental body weight, analysis of oxidative markers, semen parameters, and histomorphology were carried out in all three groups. SPSS version 24.0 was used for the analysis of Data.
Results: A statistically significant decline in the body weight and testicular weight in group B and C respectively (p<0.05). While reduction in sperm count, motility and viability was observed in Group-B compared with Group-C (p<0.05). Oxidative markers were also significantly depleted in Group-B in comparison to Group-C (p<0.05). Evident changes were observed in the testicular histology of Group-B compared with Group-C (p<0.05). Irregular, regressive, and atrophic seminiferous tubules were seen in Group-B. Most seminiferous tubules having normal morphology were observed in Group-C while the number of atrophic and degenerative seminiferous tubules also decreased significantly.
Conclusion: Resveratrol is a potent protective agent with promising results in attenuating cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and eventually testicular toxicity.
Determination of Difficulty Index in End of Block Examinations of Preclinical Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Ifra Saeed  , Arsalan Manzoor Mughal  , Sidra Hamid  , Tehmina Qamar  , Ayesha Yousaf  , Aneela jamil  
Published: March 2022

Background: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are considered a good choice for undergraduate formative assessment as they have higher reliability and are generally feasible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difficulty index of Multiple-Choice Questions in the end of block examination of preclinical undergraduate medical students at Rawalpindi Medical University.
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Rawalpindi Medical University. End of Block assessment data was collected from Department of Medical Education, RMU. A total of 60 MCQs scores were randomly selected and the difficulty index was calculated after entering data in MS Excel. Data was then entered in SPSS version 24. Means and standard deviations of Difficulty indices were calculated and compared between first-year and second-year students by independent samples students t-test and between subjects by ANOVA.
Results: Out of 120 Multiple Choice Items analyzed, in the first year MBBS block exam, 30% were easy, 65% were acceptable and 5% were difficult. In the second year MBBS block exam, 36.67% were easy, 56.67% were acceptable and 6.67% were difficult. There was no significant difference (p=0.986) between the mean difficulty index of first-year MBBS students and second-year MBBS students. However, the mean difficulty index was highest in physiology (66.53 ± 16.262) followed by biochemistry (64.36 ± 16.756) and anatomy (54.80 ± 17.665), and the mean difference between the subjects was statistically significant (p=0.005). The mean difficulty index in first-year MBBS students was highest for Biochemistry followed by Physiology and Anatomy. In second-year MBBS students, the mean difficulty index was highest in Physiology followed by Biochemistry and Anatomy.
Conclusion: The difficulty index of Anatomy MCQs was lower indicating that the students find them more difficult than the other two subjects i.e., Physiology and Biochemistry in the first two years of their undergraduate medical studies.
Deep learning model for 3D profiling of high-aspect-ratio features using high-voltage CD-SEM
Authors: Sun Wei , Goto Yasunori , Yamamoto Takuma , Hitomi Keiichiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High-aspect-ratio (HAR) channel holes were developed for competitive cost-per-bit 3D-NAND memory. High-throughput and in-line monitoring solutions for 3D profiling of the HAR features are the key to improving yields. We previously proposed an exponential model to identify the cross-sectional profile of the HAR features using backscattered electron (BSE) images of a high-voltage critical dimension scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM). However, the 3D profiling accuracy was insufficient when the depth of the HAR features was far greater than the focus depth of the electron beam. To address this issue, we developed a deep learning (DL) model, which takes account of the aperture angle and the aberration of the electron beam, to predict the 3D profile from BSE images. The predicted cross-sections of the HAR holes with different bowing geometries were compared with field-emission SEM measurements. The results show that the DL model provides higher sensitivity than the exponential model does.
Analysis and simulation of MOSFET-based gate-voltage-independent capacitor
Authors: Li Shuowei , Ojima Naoki , Xu Zule , Iizuka Tetsuya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the gate capacitance of a MOSFET (Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) and propose a method of realizing the capacitance less dependent on the gate voltage. We analyze the mechanism of capacitance formation in the cases of short-circuiting the source and drain to the ground and floating them. The analysis also reveals the influence of channel length on gate capacitance. By floating the terminals of source and drain and tuning for an optimum channel length, the voltage dependence of the gate capacitance can be largely reduced. Simulation results verify our analysis, suggesting a possibility of applying a MOSFET capacitor for sample-and-hold circuits in analog-to-digital converters.
The Phonetic Connotation of the Appending Letter Alef in the Holy Qur’an
Authors: Sulttan Alqaseer Ebtisam Abdulhusayn 
Published: March 2022

Appending is a morphological term which means the addition of one or two letters to a structure to be similar to other structures of well-known abstractor additional nouns and verbs constructions. The goal of appending is to organize what have been expanded linguistically and collect similarities to reduce the syntactic rules. This is because the appended word exists for expanding purposes; however, it has no construction of its own. An appending was included with another construction with mentioning the additional letter. This by itself means that appending as a process is a term that helps organize rather than expand language. Scholars further noticed that the appending letter is not semantically significant, and so it differs from the increasing letter (letters of sa’altomoniha). However, since every addition in the structure has an additional meaning, the appending letter must have a benefit as well. Besides, the hypothesis here is having an audio suggestive connotation adds to the different lexical, contextual and figurative connotations of a word. This connotation is the connotation of multiplication, exaggeration and amplification of the appending letters in general, and the connotation of extension and lengthening in the letters of extension in particular. The approach adopted follows the words attached to the Holy Qur’an and the scholars’ sayings of appending descriptively and analytically.
Spatial Variation of the Manifestations of Visual Pollution in the Municipality of Shula
Authors: Al-Khazraji Helen Anwar Hassan , Talib Rafal Ibrahim 
Published: March 2022

The research deals with the problem of visual pollution, as it is one of the most important urban problems that cities suffer from. The concept of visual pollution has recently emerged to describe the deformation and degradation of the urban environment. Visual pollution is defined as any component of the surrounding environment that is inconsistent and not homogeneous with its natural and human components. The volume of visual pollution has doubled due to the non-compliance with the laws, regulations and controls set by the Municipality of Baghdad by the citizens, and to the weak municipal role that the municipality plays in implementing these laws. Therefore, it has become necessary to know the manifestations of visual pollution and their geographical distribution, and the variations between the neighborhoods of the Shuala. The research has adopted the field work to document the manifestations of visual pollution through photography. It has further involved using a questionnaire that was distributed on a random stratified sample of (400 questionnaires) distributed among the four districts of Al-Shula, Al-Hurriya, Al-Harbiya, and Al-Abbasiya). The number of questionnaires for each neighborhood reached (100 questionnaires), to find out the various manifestations of visual pollution within the neighborhoods of Al-Shula. The spread of the manifestations of visual pollution in the municipality of Al-Shula is considered part of the daily life of the citizens. It has also found that some variables have effectively contributed to the spread of the phenomenon of visual pollution through the division of heterogeneous residential units and heights of the non-buildings. Moreover, there have been signs of harmonization and the exploitation of balconies in a non-civilized manner and asymmetry of the urban fabric of Al-Shula.
Ptosis Repair with Additional Blepharoplasty
Authors: Qurban Qirat , Kamil Zeeshan , Mahmood Khalid 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To share the results of Levator resection with additional blepharoplasty in patients with ptosis.
Study Design: Interventional case series.
Place and duration of study: This study was carried out at Khalid eye clinic, Karachi, from January 2019 to June 2019.
Methods: We recruited twelve patients belonging to either gender with ages ranging from 18 to 35 years. Patients with moderate to severe ptosis with fair to good Levator function were included in the study. Whereas, patients with previous history of eyelid procedure or any bleeding diathesis were excluded. All patients were briefed about the study dynamics and complete ocular examination along with ptosis evaluation were performed. Levator resection was done with additional blepharoplasty. The amount of skin removal was solely dependent upon the surgeon’s clinical judgment. Main outcome measure was cosmetic appearance by assessing the vertical fissure height as compared to the contra lateral eye, and the amount of overhanging skin at the lid crease as judged by the patients and the oculoplastic surgeon.
Result: This study included thirteen eyes of both genders with a mean age of 23.7±4.19 years. Twelve out of thirteen eyes had a satisfactory final cosmetic appearance, and were also graded as excellent by another oculoplastic surgeon. One patient required revision of surgery for the overhanging skin at the lid crease.
Conclusion: Additional blepharoplasty with Levator resection can be a good option for ptosis correction and it provides a good aesthetic appearance.
Key Words: Ptosis, Levator resection, Blepharoplasty.
Delayed Surgical Management of the Patients with Chronic Dacryocystitis: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Batool Bazla , Iqbal Usama , Iqbal Hamza , Malik Irfan Qayyum , Jabran Aamna 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To determine the factors that cause delay in Dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with chronic dacryocystitis.
Study Design: Cross sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology Department DHQ Teaching Hospital Gujranwala from February 2021 to May 2021
Methods: Sixty five ophthalmologists were included in this study. Questionnaire was designed on Google Forms and it composed of four parts. First part included the title and purpose of this study. Second part included professional information regarding qualification and place of practice. Third part included 18 questions that were divided in three sub-sections in terms of factors related to the patient (5 questions), ophthalmologist (9 questions), and health resources provided (4 questions). Responses were recorded in yes/no answers. Last part comprised of blank space for remarks. The electronic link of questionnaire was shared with the participants of ophthalmology educational groups on WhatsApp, Facebook and E-mail. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.00 software and results were derived based on questionnaire.
Results: Out of 65 ophthalmologists, 48 (72.7%) agreed that patients suffered from delay in surgical management. Among the hospital related factors, 45 (69.23%) ophthalmologists believe that busy Out patient department accounted for most of the delay. Among patient related factors, 51 (78.46%) ophthalmologists were of the view that patients took the disease lightly as it was not vision-threating. Forty one ophthalmologists (63.07%) reported that there was lack of surgical exposure during training years to learn DCR.
Conclusion: There are various patient related, surgeon related and hospital related factors which play a significant role in delay of surgical management of chronic dacryocystitis.
Key Words: Dacryocystitis, Dacryocystorhinostomy, Epiphora.
Effect of Pupil Dilation on Ocular Biometric Measurements in High Myopes
Authors: Haider Nida , Parveen Nighat , Rani Sadaf , Hussain Anwar Sarfraz 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To determine the effect of pupil dilation on different biometric measurements of eye in high myopes.
Study Design: Descriptive observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out eye out-patient department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore from August 2018 to December 2018.
Methods: We recruited 72 (144 eyes) young, non-cataractous myopes of -6 diopters or more (mean spherical equivalent -7.41 ± 1.35) and age above 15 years (range 15 – 38 years). Sampling was based on non-probability convenient sampling whereas those with any ocular pathology and history of surgery were excluded. Biometric measurements were taken with non-contact biometer Len Star (LS900) with Haigis formula used for IOL power calculation, before and after pupil dilation Data was analyzed on SPSS (v25) and P < .001 was taken as significant.
Results: Mean axial length (AL) difference between pre- and post-dilation was -0.006 ± 0.17 (p = 0.66), mean central corneal thickness (CCT) difference was -1.70 ± 8.95 (p = 0.024), mean anterior chamber depth (ACD) difference was -0.018 ± 0.04 (p = 0.001), mean lens thickness (LT) difference was 0.001 ± 0.53 (p = 0.81), mean Keratometry difference was 0.0013 ± 0.14 (p = 0.91), mean white to white (WTW) difference was 0.003 ± 0.01(p = 0.67) and mean IOL power difference was 0.000 ± 0.22 (p = 1.00). Bland Altman plots were drawn to indicate the 95% limits of agreement between pre- and post-dilation measurements.
Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference between pre and post dilation measurements of ACD but no clinically significant change was noted in IOL power calculations indicating that pupil dilation does not affect the biometric measurements.
Key Words: Biometry, Len Star, Myopia, Axial length, Anterior chamber depth.
عناية الرسل -عليهم الصلاة والسلام- بأولادهم في ضوء القرآن الكريم
Authors: شواهنة حمزة 
Published: March 2022

تعدّ الأسرة النواة الأولى لبناء المجتمع، ويعتبر الأولادُ رجال َالمستقبل، وهذا يستوجب مزيد عناية بالأولاد، وإن العلاقات القائمة بين الرسل عليهم السلام مع أولادهم تُعدّ منهجاً تربوياً متكاملاً في تربية الأبناء؛ كونها صادرة عن أفضل البشر.
ولذا جاء هذا البحث لدراسة هذا الموضوع التربوي، وهو عناية الرسل عليهم السلام بأولادهم، وكيف تمّ تناوله في الآيات الكريمة، وذلك وفق المنهجين الاستقرائي والاستنباطي.
ويهدف البحث إلى إبراز اعتناء القرآن الكريم بموضوع عناية الرسل عليهم السلام بأولادهم، وبيان أساليب تلك المعاملة، وتسليط الضوء على النصوص الشرعية التي اهتمت بهذا الجانب؛ وذلك لاستنباط أنجع الأساليب في إصلاح الذرّية.
وتتجلّى أهمية الدراسة أنها عرضت موضوعاً من الموضوعات القرآنية التي لم يُكتب فيها بشكل مستقل على شكل رسالة جامعية أو بحث محكّم، وذلك حسب اطلاع الباحث، ناهيك عن كثرة المخاطر التي تهدّد أبناء المسلمين في هذا الزمان، فضلاً عن تفشي ظاهرة الإهمال التربوي.
وقد تبيّن مكانة نعمة الأولاد في الإسلام، وضرورة العناية بتربيتهم، ولا أدلّ على ذلك من بيان القرآن الكريم لمكانة هذه الهبَة الربانية، وذكره لعناية الرسل عليهم السلام بهذه النعمة.
التَّمثيل والتَّخييل في تفسير أبي السعود دراسة تحليلية ونقد
Authors: حقي عائشة , أبو زيد نايل 
Published: March 2022

تعالج هذه الدراسة استعمال لفظتي (التَّمثيل، والتَّخييل) في تفسير (إرشاد العقل السليم إلى مزايا الكتاب الكريم) المسمى بتفسير أبي السعود من خلال استعمال هاتين اللفظتين عند هذا العالم الجليل دراسة تحليلية قائمة على التحليل والنقد البناء.
وقد جاءت هذه الدراسة لتركز على استخراج تطبيقات عملية عند أبي السعود من خلال تفسيره في استعماله لمصطلح التخييل والتمثيل، ومدى صواب هذا الاستعمال في نماذج، منها: مسألة أخذ العهد على الذرية والإشهاد بالربوبية، ومسألة عرض الأمانة على السماوات والأرض والجبال، ووصف جهنم بالقول وإسناد القول إلى الأرض والسماوات، وغيرها من المسائل مع ترجيح مذهب السلف بذلك مع الدليل.
مَنْهج النَّقْد الفِقْهِي عِند الإمامِ النَّوَوي من خِلال كتابه المجموع
Authors: الحمودي هند , العيساوي اسماعيل 
Published: March 2022

نسعى في هذا البحث للكشف عن ملامح المنهج النقدي، عند الإمام النووي من خلال كتابه المجموع. فنَسْتَفْتِحه بتمهيد عن حياة الإمام ومكانته العلمية، يليها ثلاثة مباحث نروم من خلالها بيان مفهوم وحقيقة النقد الفقهي، مروراً بأنواعه وأغراضه، وانتهاء بالجانب التطبيقي بإبراز الأدوات التي استعان بها الإمام في نَقَداته، وما سبق جاء مقروناً بالنماذج والتطبيقات التي تُثْبت كيف سار وبماذا استعان النووي في نقده.
ومن خلال استقراء انتقادات النووي بأنواعها، تتجلى جهوده في خدمة المذهب الشافعي والعناية به تصحيحاً وتقويماً، بكل ما يتمتع به من عقلية فقهية فذَّة، حيث أحكم وأجاد وفق نسق منهجي متكامل.
EFEK PAPARAN RADIASI PENGION TERHADAP JUMLAH LEUKOSIT PEKERJA DI INSTALASI RADIOLOGI RUMAH SAKIT DI KUPANG, NTT
Authors: Selly Jannes Bastian , Roga Anderias Umbu , Berek Noorce Christiani 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK

LATAR BELAKANG : Pekerja pada instalasi radiologi rumah sakit, memiliki resiko terpaparan radiasi pengion selama bekerja. Radiasi pengion berpotesi menyebabkan ionisasi dalam tubuh, sehingga dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi pekerja. Salah satu upaya untuk meminimalisir resiko paparan radiasi adalah dengan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara berkala.

TUJUAN : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentikasi efek dari paparan radiasi, khususnya radiasi pengion yang diterima selama bekerja terhadap jumlah leukosit pekerja

METODE : Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 20 orang pekerja pada instalasi radiologi di 3 rumah sakit di Kupang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang ditetapkan. Variabel bebas (X) dalam, penelitian ini adalah dosis paparan radiasi dalam satuan milisievert (mSv), sedangkan variabel terikat (Y) adalah jumlah leukosit darah pekerja

HASIL : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan paparan radiasi terhadap jumlah leukosit pekerja pada instalasi radiologi menurut persamaan dengan p-value 0.001 dan R2 = 0.455

KESIMPULAN : Paparan radiasi pengion yang diterima oleh pekerja memberikan dampak sebesar 45.5% terhadap penurunan jumlah leukosit sebesar 0.03 , setiap peningkatan 1 unit dosis.

Kata Kunci : Dosis paparan radiasi, instalasi radiologi, leukosit, pekerja radiasi, radiasi pengion
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGGUNAAN SHOULDER BAG DENGAN KEJADIAN TRAPEZIUS MYALGIA
Authors: Ramadhini Amira Alya Cendekia , Adji Raden Mas Soerjo , Kesoema Tanti Ajoe , Wajdi Muhammad 
Published: March 2022

LATAR BELAKANG : Trapezius Myalgia merupakan penyakit dengan prevalensi yang meningkat, khususnya pada kelompok usia produktif (15-64 tahun). Di Indonesia kasus trapezius myalgia kurang mendapat perhatian karena kurangnya publikasi dan sering tidak terdiagnosis. Trapezius Myalgia terjadi karena kurangnya oksigen pada otot trapezius sehingga memicu metabolisme anaerobik dan menyebabkan pelepasan mediator nyeri. Beberapa faktor risiko diyakini dapat menimbulkan trapezius myalgia, antara lain jenis kelamin, beban berat, gerakan repetitif, postur, dan bekerja dengan komputer. Penggunaan shoulder bag termasuk pembebanan yang bersifat statis dan dilakukan terus menerus sehingga dapat memicu trapezius myalgia.

TUJUAN : Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan shoulder bag dengan kejadian trapezius myalgia pada pekerja di Toko Ananda Pojok Semarang.

METODE : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan metode cross-sectional. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer berupa hasil pengisian kuesioner Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) dan palpasi menggunakan algometer manual. Sejumlah 54 pekerja wanita di Toko Ananda Pojok menjadi subjek penelitian yang terdiri dari 30 pengguna shoulder bag dan 24 subjek tidak menggunakan shoulder bag. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah uji Pearson Chi-Square.

HASIL : Dari hasil kuesioner NMQ, sebanyak 30 orang (55,6%) memiliki masalah pada leher, 35 orang (64,8%) memiliki masalah pada bahu, 30 orang (55,6%) memiliki masalah pada trapezius bagian atas, dan 20 orang (37%) memiliki masalah pada trapezius bagian bawah. Uji Korelasi Pearson Chi-Square pada penggunaan shoulder bag terhadap kejadian trapezius myalgia menunjukkan hasil p = 0,036 (p<0,05) yang berarti signifikan atau menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara penggunaan shoulder bag terhadap kejadian trapezius myalgia.

KESIMPULAN : Terdapat hubungan antara penggunaan shoulder bag terhadap kejadian trapezius myalgia.