bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal intracranial hemorrhage: prenatal imaging findings and postnatal clinical outcome
Authors: DAGDEVİREN Gulsah , ERGÜN Elif , KELEŞ Ayşe , YUCEL CELİK Ozge , YÜCEL Aykan , SAHİN Dilek 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To investigate imaging findings and postnatal clinical features of fetal intracranial hemorrhage.
Materials and Method: Fetal intracranial hemorrhage cases detected in our institution between 2018 and 2020 by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were included. Maternal characteristics, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging findings, and postnatal outcomes were noted.
Results: A total of 10 cases with a gestational age of 21-35 weeks at the time of diagnosis were detected. Eight cases had an intraventricular hemorrhage, one case had a cerebellar hemorrhage, and one case had both intraventricular and subdural hemorrhage. An identifiable risk factor was detected in 60% of the cases. While intracranial hemorrhage was diagnosed by ultrasonography in seven cases, in 3 cases it was detected by magnetic resonance imaging that was performed for indications other than intracranial hemorrhage. In two cases pregnancy was terminated, one intrauterine fetal death occurred and seven cases born alive were followed up for at least six months in the postnatal period. Among these, the neurological disorder was observed in 66.6%.
Conclusion: Fetal magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and characterization of intracranial hemorrhage and is complementary to ultrasonography. Hence we recommend using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging together in its diagnosis.
Covid-19 – La mondialisation et les firmes multinationales à l’épreuve de la crise sanitaire
Authors: Palloix Christian 
Published: February 2022

Alors que le cours de la mondialisation était en retrait en 2018 et 2019 – baisse des exportations mondiales, baisse des flux d’investissements directs à l’étranger, plafonnement et ralentissement du taux annuel d’évolution du PIB monde –, la crise sanitaire 2020 et 2021 accentue ce retrait du cours de la mondialisation sans qu’on puisse anticiper une quelconque « démondialisation » pour l’avenir. Mais, les acteurs majeurs de cette mondialisation, les firmes multinationales, en s’appuyant sur leurs chaînes logistiques – arrimées dans les paradis fiscaux – surfent sur les opportunités offertes par les difficultés actuelles de la mondialisation, avec fermetures de sites, restructurations, cessions-acquisitions, pour asseoir encore davantage leurs dominations et améliorer leur rentabilité.
Le coronavirus et l’importance de l’insertion dans l’économie de la connaissance : une lecture évolutionniste
Authors: Djeflat Abdelkader 
Published: February 2022

La pandémie du coronavirus a pris de court quasiment tout le monde, les gouvernements en tête, plusieurs décisions ont été prises au sommet des États pour surtout limiter les dégâts sur la population d’abord et sur l’économie ensuite. Au-delà des conséquences économiques et financières, au cœur de cette pandémie, trône l’incapacité de l’humanité à trouver un remède dans le sens médical du terme, dévoilant ainsi une crise profonde de la connaissance dans des pays, pourtant parmi les plus avancés sur l’échelle de l’économie de la connaissance. Face à une incapacité du marché à fournir une réponse, les mesures institutionnelles ont permis de contenir les effets de la pandémie. Ce travail montrera que la plupart des mesures relèvent de l’univers de l’économie de la connaissance dans un premier temps et dans un deuxième temps comment les fondements évolutionnistes de cette économie ont été bousculés par les pratiques. Les riches illustrations de l’observation de la réalité illustreront la partie empirique et conforteront l’idée de la crise de la Covid comme source d’opportunités.
Toric Lenticule Implantation for Correction of Hyperopia and Astigmatism Following Small Incision Lenticule Intrastromal Keratoplasty With the Triple Marking Method
Authors: Liu Shengtao , Zhang Xiaoxue , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:
To describe the first use of toric lenticule implantation with the triple marking method to correct hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism following small incision lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (SMI-LIKE).

METHODS:
Five eyes of four patients with hyperopia (+5.25 to +9.50 diopters sphere) were included. Allogenic toric lenticules extracted using myopic small incision lenticule extraction were implanted and rotated into a femtosecond laser–created stromal pocket in hyperopic recipients with triple marking. The uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, manifest refraction, corneal topography, and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography images were examined 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:
Six months after surgery, 4 eyes (80%) gained two or more lines of UDVA, and 1 eye (20%) had unchanged UDVA. No eyes lost any lines of CDVA. The spherical equivalent decreased from +6.23 ± 1.34 diopters (D) preoperatively to −0.35 ± 0.27 D postoperatively. The mean refractive astigmatism also decreased significantly from −2.15 ± 1.10 D preoperatively to −0.70 ± 0.21 D postoperatively. Of 5 treated eyes, 2 (40%) had postoperative astigmatism within ±0.50 diopters cylinder and 5 (100%) within ±1.00 diopters cylinder. Corneal topography showed a significant increase in the anterior surface keratometry value, whereas corneal astigmatism decreased from 2.62 ± 1.55 to 1.10 ± 0.44 D. Vector analyses suggested good predictability and efficacy for astigmatism correction.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implantation of toric lenticules following SMI-LIKE with the triple marking method is a feasible alternative for correcting hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism, and the short-term results seem safe and stable.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(2):82–88.]
The Purinergic Receptor P2X4 Promotes Th17 Activation and the Development of Arthritis
Authors: Hamoudi Chakib , Zhao Chenqi , Abderrazak Amna , Salem Mabrouka , Fortin Paul R , Sévigny Jean , Aoudjit Fawzi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays a major role in T cell activation leading to IL-2 production and proliferation. However, it is unclear whether purinergic signaling contributes to the differentiation and activation of effector T cells. In this study, we found that the purinergic receptor P2X4 was associated with human Th17 cells but not with Th1 cells. Inhibition of P2X4 receptor with the specific antagonist 5-BDBD and small interfering RNA inhibited the development of Th17 cells and the production of IL-17 by effector Th17 cells stimulated via the CD3/CD28 pathway. Our results showed that P2X4 was required for the expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C, which is the master regulator of Th17 cells. In contrast, inhibition of P2X4 receptor had no effect on Th1 cells and on the production of IFN-γ and it did not affect the expression of the transcription factor T-bet (T-box transcription factor). Furthermore, inhibition of P2X4 receptor reduced the production of IL-17 but not of IFN-γ by effector/memory CD4+ T cells isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In contrast to P2X4, inhibition of P2X7 and P2Y11 receptors had no effects on Th17 and Th1 cell activation. Finally, treatment with the P2X4 receptor antagonist 5-BDBD reduced the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell expansion and activation. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of purinergic signaling in T cell activation and identify a critical role for the purinergic receptor P2X4 in Th17 activation and in autoimmune arthritis.
Incidence of candidemia and prevalence of azole-resistant candidemia at a tertiary South African hospital – A retrospective laboratory analysis 2016–2020
Authors: Chibabhai Vindana 
Published: February 2022

Background: Candidemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of candidemia has changed globally over the past 20 years. South African surveillance demonstrated a shift in epidemiology from Candida albicans to non-albicans species including Candida parapsilosis and Candida auris. Hospital-level candidemia incidence from South Africa has not been reported previously.Methods: We performed a retrospective laboratory-based analysis of blood cultures with confirmed causative agents of candidemia. Ward type, department, gender and admission to critical care units were captured. Data were analysed in Microsoft Excel, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Epitools.Results: The incidence of candidemia during the study period was 2.87 per 1000 admissions. The total proportion of non-albicans species causing candidemia was 425/618 (69.7%). Overall, 65.4% of candidemia cases occurred in non-critical care units. There was a significant increase in the proportion of C. auris isolates between 2016 and 2020 (p 0.001). Isolation of C. auris was associated with admission to critical care units (p 0.001, odds ration [OR] 3.856, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.360–6.300). The proportion of azole-resistant candidemia cases increased from 21/53 (39.6%) in 2016 to 41/59 (69.5%) in 2020 (p = 0.002).Conclusion: The incidence of candidemia remained stable over the five-year study period. However, the proportion of C. auris isolates increased significantly during the study period as did the overall proportion of azole-resistant candidemia. Antifungal stewardship and continued hospital-level surveillance are imperative.
Comparison of Preoperative Nebulization with 4% Lignocaine and Ketamine in Reduction of Incidence of Postoperative Sore Throat
Authors: Prasant N. V. S. N. , Mohapatro Sudeep , Jena Jagadish , Moda Nupur 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common occurrence following general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation although clinicians often regard it as a minor complication. The incidence of POST is estimated to be 21%–65% in different studies. The administration of the drug through aerosol route gained popularity among anesthesiologists with good acceptance from the patients. Hence, we conducted the study with the aim to compare the efficacy of preoperative nebulization with 4% lignocaine and ketamine, in the prevention of POST.

Materials and Methods:
The study is a prospective, randomized double-blinded study comparing the effects of comparison between preoperative nebulization with ketamine and 4% lignocaine in preventing POST. Hemodynamic parameters, Ramsay sedation score, and visual analog scale (VAS) at 0, 6, and 24 h were observed in both groups.

Results:
Ketamine nebulization provides better prophylaxis against the occurrence of moderate-to-severe POST as compared to lignocaine. At 0 h, none of the patients had ST in both the groups; at 6 and 24 h, the ST was significantly higher in lignocaine group (28.9% and 8.9%) as compared to ketamine group (8.9% and 0%), with P = 0.04. Mild, moderate, and severe VAS was observed in 51%, 33%, and 16% of Group 1, respectively, while in Group 2, it was observed in 16%, 36%, and 49% of study population, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation were benefitted from ketamine nebulization as prophylaxis against moderate-to-severe POST.
Serum Cortisol Levels with Etomidate Induction
Authors: Sarda Bhagyashree Gopal , Raipure Amrusha Mukesh , Ruparel Dipakkumar Hiralal 
Published: February 2022

Context:
Hemodynamic stability during induction of anesthesia is always a concern for an anesthesiologist. Propofol remains the most popular induction agent with its favorable characteristics and few drawbacks like decrease in heart rate and blood pressure (BP). Although etomidate provides better hemodynamic stability, its use declined due to reports of adrenocortical suppression.

Aims:
We designed a study to compare the effect of anesthetic induction with etomidate versus propofol on serum cortisol levels and hemodynamics.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective randomized double-blind comparative study.

Subjects and Methods:
Sixty ASA PS classes I and II patients scheduled for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia were included in the study. Thirty patients received propofol 2 mg.kg−1 and thirty, etomidate 0.3 mg.kg−1. Blood samples for serum cortisol were withdrawn preoperatively, immediate postoperatively, and 24 h after surgery. Vitals were monitored throughout.

Statistical Analysis Used:
All data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and proportions. Demographic data were analyzed by Student's t-test, and Chi-square test was used to analyze changes over time. The statistical software SPSS version 25.0 was used for data analysis.

Results:
Systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and mean BP were more stable in the etomidate group compared to the propofol group. Serum cortisol levels before surgery in both the groups were within normal limits and comparable, followed by a significant decline in the etomidate group and rise in the propofol group in the immediate postoperative period. The levels in the third sample were comparable in both the groups.

Conclusion:
Etomidate offers superior hemodynamic compared to propofol. A decrease in serum cortisol level in the etomidate group was transient returning back to normal within 24 h.
Comparison of Spontaneous Ventilation, Pressure Control Ventilation and Pressure Support Ventilation in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Infraumbilical Surgery Using ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway
Authors: Dhar Rohini , Sofi Khalid , Mir Shafat Ahmad , Jehangir Majid , Wazir Mohsin 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Pediatric infraumbilical surgeries are often performed under general anaesthesia using different modes of ventilation through Laryngeal Mask Airway .Although controlled ventilation has been successfully used, very less studies have been done to compare them with spontaneous ventilation for short duration surgeries.

Aims:
We tried to measure quantitave differences in haemodynamic and respiratory parameters and assess the recovery profile between controlled and spontaneous ventilation using Proseal LMA.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study that comprised 90 American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) classes I and II pediatric patients posted for infra umbilical surgery.

Materials and Methods:
90 paediatric patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries were included. Three different ventilation strategies: spontaneous , pressure support and pressure-controlled ventilation were applied depending on attending anaesthesiologist's preference. Haemodynamic and respiratory parameters were recorded during the procedure. Post procedure parameters including need for supplementary oxygen, recovery time, complications were recorded.

Statistical Methods:
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for inter group analysis and for multiple comparisons, least significant difference (LSD) test was applied. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, whichever appropriate, was used for comparison of categorical variables.

Results:
The mean time interval between end of surgery and removal of LMA was significantly higher in PCV group in comparison to SV and PSV groups. In SV group lesser number of patients required oxygen supplementation and had shorter stay in recovery than PCV group.

Conclusion:
We conclude that spontaneous mode of ventilation can be used as safely as controlled /assist ventilation mode in short duration surgeries in high turn over settings.
A Comparative Study of Epidural Anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine Infusion versus General Anesthesia for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Turki Sonali , Mir Shafat Ahmad , Sofi Khalid P. , Khan Nadeem , Khawaja Rouf , Wani Mohammad S 
Published: February 2022

Background:
There has been considerable debate regarding the ideal anaesthetic technique for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL). PCNL is usually performed under general anaesthesia (GA) in prone position. The prone position under GA is associated with various complications. To address these complications, our study was carried out to determine whether epidural anaesthesia [EA] with dexmedetomidine sedation can be a better alternative to GA for PCNL.

Aims and Objectives:
To compare the efficacy and feasibility of performing PCNL under EA in combination with dexmedetomidine infusion.

Methods and Material:
Out of 225 patients observed in this study, 115 patients (group A) underwent PCNL under EA with dexmedetomidine infusion and 110 patients (group B) underwent PCNL under GA.

Results:
Mean time to the first dose of rescue analgesia was significantly increased in Epidural group (328.17 ± 63.74) compared to GA group (72.09 min, p < .0001) and the mean Visual analog scale [VAS] scores were significantly lower in epidural compared to GA group at different time intervals during the first 24 h after surgery (p<0.05). Patients in epidural group had significantly less post-operative nausea, vomiting (6.1 % vs 13.6 %), and significantly less shivering (12.2% vs 33.6%). Mean patient satisfaction score in epidural group was significantly higher (8.75 ± 1.29 vs 8.14 ± 1.39, p=0.001); however, the mean surgeon satisfaction score was comparable among the two groups (8.76 ± 1.39 in Group A and 8.61 ± 1.35 in Group B, p=0.421).

Conclusions:
Our study shows that EA is an equally effective alternative to GA for PCNL, with more patient satisfaction, less postoperative pain, early ambulation and postoperative recovery, less systemic analgesic requirements and less adverse effects.
A Randomized Comparative Study on Median and Paramedian Approaches for Subarachnoid Block using Sprotte Needle in the Cesarean Section
Authors: Kumari Reena , Kumar Tushar , Hembrom Boniface , Ram Barun , lakra Ladhu , Suwalka Usha 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Since 1898 when August Bier, introduced spinal analgesia, there is lot of advancement made in the technique. There are various approaches and techniques for subarachnoid block.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to compare median and paramedian approach for spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery using Sprotte needle in terms of number of attempts, success rate, adverse effects, and complications.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred patients were randomly divided into two equal groups and underwent subarachnoid block in median and paramedical block for elective cesarean section.

Results:
There is no significant difference between the two groups. Mean with standard deviation in the number of attempts for subarachnoid block through media and paramedian approach is 1.18 ± 0.48 and 1.06 ± 0.24, respectively (P = 0.51). The incidence of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) and lower backache was insignificant in both the groups (P = 0.218 and 0.646, respectively).

Conclusions:
Paramedian approach should not be considered as a reserve technique for spinal anesthesia and can be used as popularly as the median approach.
Comparing Duration of Analgesia after Intrathecal Administration of Opioids in Primary Paturients for Lower Segment Cesarean Section
Authors: Abbi Pooja , Gupta Ruchi , Kaur Harmandeep , Aggarwal Shivika 
Published: February 2022

Background:
A pain free post operative period is a boon to mother for caring the neonate. We compared injection butorphanol and fentanyl as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in primary parturients for LSCS (Lower Segment Caesarean Section) with respect to duration of analgesia.

Aims and Objectives:
To study the effect of butorphanol vs fentanyl on duration of analgesia when added to bupivacaine for LSCS amongst primi parturients and to observe the block characteristics as secondary outcome.

Materials and Methods::
Study was carried out in 90 patients divided equally into three groups which included 12mg(2 mL) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 0.5 mL NS, 12mg (2 mL) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 25 μg butorphanol made upto 2.5 mL with NS and 12mg(2 mL) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 25μg fentanyl made upto 2.5mL with normal saline. All patients were observed for duration of analgesia. Also Heart Rate (HR), Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP, DBP), two segment regression time of sensory block, motor block were assessed. The results were compiled and statistically analyzed using Chi-square test for nonparametric data and ANOVA for parametric data.

Results:
Two segment sensory regression is significantly prolonged in group with intrathecal administration of Bupivacaine with Butorphanol (190.33±15.86) than Bupivacaine with Fentanyl (170.67±20.83) and Bupivacaine with Normal saline (150.33±16.91). Duration of effective post operative analgesia was 349.67, 591.87 and 468.00 min in Group I, Group II and Group III respectively. There was no significant difference in onset of sensory and motor blockage in all three groups. HR, SBP and DBP were comparable among the groups.

Conclusions:
Intrathecal bupivacaine with 25 μg butorphanol mixture was clinically better as it provided longer duration of analgesia along with prolonged sensory block when compared to intrathecal bupivacaine with 25μg fentanyl mixture in primary parturients for LSCS.
Translation and Linguistic Validation of the Chinese Version of Angle Labor Pain Questionnaire
Authors: Tan Chin Wen , Tan Hon Sen , Lim Lisa Lynn , Sultana Rehena , Sng Ban Leong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background:
Despite having various choices of labor analgesia in modern obstetric practice, there are limited appropriate instruments to measure labor pain comprehensively. The Angle Labor Pain Questionnaire (A-LPQ) is a new, condition-specific instrument that measures the multidimensional characteristics of labor pain and experiences, yet little information is available on its use in other countries and languages. This study aimed at developing a Chinese version of the A-LPQ questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:
Two independent certified translators translated the English version of the A-LPQ questionnaire, and reconciliation was performed by discussing the discrepancies with a local coordinator. A third translator performed the backward translation, followed by a review by six clinicians on the reconciled version. A cognitive debriefing was done in five pregnant women during the early stage of labor to collect their feedback. After the proofreading, the final version was tested in 50 pregnant women during their labor.

Results:
The A-LPQ questionnaire was forward translated and was adjusted to expressive and clinical relevance in a local setting. Minor changes were done after backward translation and clinicians’ review to enable a better understanding. No changes were required during cognitive debriefing, and the subsequent finalization showed that the Chinese version of the A-LPQ questionnaire could be well understood (Difficulty level: 2.3 (SD 3.1); with 0 being fully understand, and 10 being extremely difficult to understand).

Conclusion:
We successfully performed linguistic validation on the Chinese version of the A-LPQ questionnaire, which is appropriate in measuring the dynamic nature of labor pain in a local Chinese setting.