bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-harm, somatic disorders and mortality in the 3 years following a hospitalisation in psychiatry in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Jollant Fabrice , Goueslard Karine , Hawton Keith , Quantin Catherine 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThere is limited recent information regarding the risk of self-harm, somatic disorders and premature mortality following discharge from psychiatric hospital in young people.ObjectiveTo measure these risks in young people discharged from a psychiatric hospital as compared with both non-affected controls and non-hospitalised affected controls.MethodsData were extracted from the French national health records. Cases were compared with two control groups. Cases: all individuals aged 12–24 years, hospitalised in psychiatry in France in 2013–2014. Non-affected controls: matched for age and sex with cases, not hospitalised in psychiatry and no identification of a mental disorder in 2008–2014. Affected controls: unmatched youths identified with a mental disorder between 2008 and 2014, never hospitalised in psychiatry. Follow-up of 3 years. Logistic regression analyses were conducted with these confounding variables: age, sex, past hospitalisation for self-harm, past somatic disorder diagnosis.FindingsThe studied population comprised 73 300 hospitalised patients (53.6% males), 219 900 non-affected controls and 9 683 affected controls. All rates and adjusted risks were increased in hospitalised patients versus both non-affected and affected controls regarding a subsequent hospitalisation for self-harm (HR=105.5, 95% CIs (89.5 to 124.4) and HR=1.5, 95% CI (1.4 to 1.6)), a somatic disorder diagnosis (HR=4.1, 95% CI (3.9–4.1) and HR=1.4, 95% CI (1.3–1.5)), all-cause mortality (HR=13.3, 95% CI (10.6–16.7) and HR=2.2, 95% CI (1.5–3.0)) and suicide (HR=9.2, 95% CI (4.3–19.8) and HR=1.7, 95% CI (1.0–2.9)).ConclusionsThe first 3 years following psychiatric hospital admission of young people is a period of high risk for self-harm, somatic disorders and premature mortality.Clinical implicationsAttention to these negative outcomes urgently needs to be incorporated in aftercare policies.
Temporal lobe epilepsy lateralisation and surgical outcome prediction using diffusion imaging
Authors: Johnson Graham W. , Cai Leon Y. , Narasimhan Saramati , González Hernán F. J. , Wills Kristin E. , Morgan Victoria L. , Englot Dario J. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveWe sought to augment the presurgical workup of medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy by creating a supervised machine learning technique that uses diffusion-weighted imaging to classify patient-specific seizure onset laterality and surgical outcome.Methods151 subjects were included in this analysis: 62 patients (aged 18–68 years, 36 women) and 89 healthy controls (aged 18–71 years, 47 women). We created a supervised machine learning technique that uses diffusion-weighted metrics to classify subject groups. Specifically, we sought to classify patients versus healthy controls, unilateral versus bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy, left versus right temporal lobe epilepsy and seizure-free versus not seizure-free surgical outcome. We then reduced the dimensionality of derived features with community detection for ease of interpretation.ResultsWe classified the subject groups in withheld testing data sets with a cross-fold average testing areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.745 for patients versus healthy controls, 1.000 for unilateral versus bilateral seizure onset, 0.662 for left versus right seizure onset, 0.800 for left-sided seizure-free vsersu not seizure-free surgical outcome and 0.775 for right-sided seizure-free versus not seizure-free surgical outcome.ConclusionsThis technique classifies important clinical decisions in the presurgical workup of temporal lobe epilepsy by generating discerning white-matter features. We believe that this work augments existing network connectivity findings in the field by further elucidating important white-matter pathology in temporal lobe epilepsy. We hope that this work contributes to recent efforts aimed at using diffusion imaging as an augmentation to the presurgical workup of this devastating neurological disorder.
Diagnosing Hawaii’s Recent Drought
Authors: Eischeid J. K. , Hoerling M. P. , Quan X.-W. , Diaz H. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hawaii’s recent drought is among the most severe on record. Wet-season (November–April) rainfall deficits during 2010–19 rank second lowest among consecutive 10-yr periods since 1900. Various lines of empirical and model evidence indicate a principal natural atmospheric cause for the low rainfall, mostly unrelated to either internal oceanic variability or external forcing. Empirical analysis reveals that traditional factors have favored wetness rather than drought in recent decades, including a cold phase of the Pacific decadal oscillation in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and a weakened Aleutian low in atmospheric circulation. But correlations of Hawaiian rainfall with patterns of Pacific sea level pressure and SSTs that explained a majority of its variability during the twentieth century collapsed in the twenty-first century. Atmospheric model simulations indicate a forced decadal signal (2010–19 vs 1981–2000) of Aleutian low weakening, consistent with recent observed North Pacific circulation. However, model ensemble means do not generate reduced Hawaiian rainfall, indicating that neither oceanic boundary forcing nor a weakened Aleutian low caused recent low Hawaiian rainfall. Additional atmospheric model experiments explored the role of anthropogenic forcing. These reveal a strong sensitivity of Hawaiian rainfall to details of long-term SST change patterns. Under an assumption that anthropogenic forcing drives zonally uniform SST warming, Hawaiian rainfall declines, with a range of 3%–9% among three models. Under an assumption that anthropogenic forcing also increases the equatorial Pacific zonal SST gradient, Hawaiian rainfall increases 2%–6%. Large spread among ensemble members indicates that no forced signals are detectable.
Study on the tribological properties of Si3N4/polyamide-imide composites
Authors: Jia Weichu , Shangguan Jingfei , Lang Feng , Li Duxin , Yang Haiyang 
Published: March 2022

Si3N4 whiskers were modified with triethoxysilane as a means to improve the interfacial interaction with a poly-amide imide (PAI). The Si3N4/PAI composites were prepared by in-situ polymerization as an approach to improve the friction behavior and mechanical properties in order to meet the performance needs of electrical transformers and motors in harsh environments. 4,4′-diamino diphenyl ether, m-phenylenediamine, triethylamine, trimellitic anhydride chloride, and Si3N4 whiskers were used to manufacture Si3N4/PAI composite, which was then characterized for friction and mechanical behavior. The research showed that the addition of Si3N4 whiskers improved the mechanical properties and friction properties of PAI. When the whisker content was 10 wt%, the tensile strength of the composite was 137.5 MPa, which is 15% higher than pure PAI, and the wear rate was 0.69 × 10-8 g/N·m, which is 57% lower than pure PAI, and the friction coefficient was 0.47, which was an increase of 9%. In aerospace, machinery, and transportation applications, these materials may have better performance due to their improved combination of properties.
Diagnostic value of the QuickStripe™ chlamydia rapid test among high-risk women in Jakarta
Authors: Nilasari Hanny , Ade Krisanti Roro Inge , Rosana Yeva , Azizah Fitri 
Published: March 2022

Background Difficulty in diagnosing Chlamydia trachomatis infections, including chlamydial cervicitis, is a notable challenge in managing sexually transmitted infections in Indonesia. Gram staining is usually done to make a presumptive diagnosis despite its low sensitivity and specificity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is considered the gold standard, but it is costly, technically demanding, and difficult to be performed in low-resource settings. Thus, rapid point-of-care tests with high sensitivity and specificity are needed to diagnose chlamydial cervicitis. Methods This cross-sectional study included symptomatic and asymptomatic high-risk women in the Mulya Jaya Sex Workers Rehabilitation Center in June to July 2020. Endocervical swabs from each participant were taken for QuickStripe™ chlamydia rapid test (CRT), Gram staining, and real-time PCR. Results A total of 41 participants were enrolled. The sensitivity and specificity for QuickStripe™ CRT were 73.6% (95% CI: 48.80%–90.85%) and 81.82% (95% CI: 59.72%–94.81%). Positive and negative predictive values were 77.78% (95% CI: 58.09%–89.84%) and 78.05% (95% CI: 62.39%–89.44%). Proportion of chlamydial cervicitis in study participants based on real-time PCR was 46.3%. Conclusions We concluded that QuickStripe™ CRT can be recommended as an alternative diagnostic test for high-risk populations in Jakarta.
Exploration of Caregiver Interrater Agreement and Test-Retest Reliability on the Infant Cleft Observer Outcomes (iCOO)
Authors: Jones Salene M. W. , Edwards Todd C. , Leroux Brian G. , Kapp-Simon Kathleen A. , Patrick Donald L. , Stueckle Laura P. , Rosenberg Janine M. , Albert Meredith , Bellucci Claudia Crilly , Aspinall Cassandra L. , Vick Katherine , Heike Carrie L. 
Published: March 2022

Caregiver and observer-reported measures are frequently used as outcomes for research on infants and young children who are unable to report on their own health. Our team developed the Infant with Clefts Observation Outcomes Instrument (iCOO) for infants with cleft lip with or without cleft palate. This exploratory study compared test-retest and interrater reliabilities to inform whether differences in caregiver perspective might affect the iCOO.This study is a secondary analysis comparing caregiver interrater agreement to test-retest reliability. Twenty-five pairs of caregivers completed the iCOO before surgery, 1 week later for test-retest reliability, 2 days after surgery, and 2 months after surgery. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlations (ICCs) and t-tests were used to compare ratings between caregivers.Infants had cleft lip (28%) or cleft lip and palate (72%). Primary caregivers were predominantly mothers (92%) and secondary caregivers were predominantly fathers (80%). Test-retest reliability met psychometric standards for most items on the iCOO (81%-86% of items). Caregiver agreement on the iCOO items was lower than test-retest reliability (33%-46% of items met psychometric standards). Caregivers did not systematically differ in whether they rated infants as healthier or less healthy than the other caregiver (5%-16% of items had statistically significant differences).Caregivers used the measure consistently, but had different experiences and perceptions of their infant’s health and functioning. Future studies are needed to explore mechanisms for the differences in test-retest and interrater reliability. Whenever possible, the same caregiver should provide ratings of the infant, including on the iCOO.
Is there a role of the kidney failure risk equation in optimizing timing of vascular access creation in pre-dialysis patients?
Authors: Kuningas Külli , Stringer Stephanie , Cockwell Paul , Khawaja Aurangzaib , Inston Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

Background: The aims of this study were to assess the utility of using the Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) as an indicator to guide timing of vascular access creation in pre-dialysis patients. Materials and methods: Patients referred for vascular access creation had KFRE calculated at the time of assessment and compared to standard criteria for referral. Receiver operating characteristic curves were produced for each parameter. The outcomes at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year were used as time points for analysis. Results: Two hundred and three patients were assessed, and full data sets were available on 190 (94.6%). Access was created in 156 patients (82.1%) with a fistula in 153 (98.7%). Only 65.7% initiated dialysis within the follow up period. Those patients with an AV access created (n = 156) 37 (23.7%) did not reach end stage over the entire follow up period. Of the remaining patients (n = 119) that reached end stage 72.2% (n = 86) started on an AVF/AVG and 27.7% (n = 33) on a CVC. Using ROC analysis for referral eGFR, ACR and KFRE predicting dialysis initiation predictors resulted in C statistics for eGFR, ACR, and KFRE2 of 0.68 (0.58–0.79), 0.75 (0.65–0.84), and 0.72 (0.62–0.81) at 3 months; 0.73 (0.65–0.81), 0.70 (0.62–0.78), and 0.75 (0.67–0.81) at 6 months; and 0.65 (0.57–0.72); 0.67 (0.59–0.75), and 0.68 (0.61–0.77) at 12 months. Conclusions: In a group of patients referred for vascular access creation the predictive models are relatively poor when applied to initiation of dialysis. The application of current guidelines to fistula creation appears to result in a high rate of unnecessary fistula formation and non-use. The study requires further evaluation in a test set of patients to confirm these findings and also identify where such risk based approaches may need modification.
Facial Asymmetry in a Newly Born Baby: Diagnostic Challenge!
Authors: Kamal Naglaa M , Omair Maher MR , Attar Ruwayd , Abosabie Salma AS , Asiri Nawras M , Sherief Laila M , El-Shabrawi Mortada 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Facial asymmetry during crying in neonates is an important entity which might be due to an underlying true paralysis of the facial nerve or due to the benign overlooked diagnosis of congenital absence of the depressor angularis oris muscle (DAOM). Case Report: We report a full-term newborn delivered by normal spontaneous vertex delivery with uneventful pregnancy and Apgar score of 9 and 10 at 1 and 5 minutes respectively. His parents are first-degree cousins with 4 living normal siblings. His birth weight was appropriate for his gestational age. His initial neonatal assessment was normal apart from facial asymmetry during crying in the form of deviation of the angle of the mouth to the left with an otherwise normal facial appearance. The facial asymmetry disappears at rest (without crying). This condition usually poses a diagnostic dilemma. Developmental and traumatic facial paralysis and being part of some syndromes like Mobius and CHARGE syndromes are among the most important differential diagnosis but the disappearance of the facial asymmetry at rest is diagnostic of absent DAOM which is a relatively common but missed diagnosis. Conclusions: Pediatricians should be aware about the diagnosis of DAOM in neonates with asymmetric crying face if the face was completely normal at rest with deviation of the angle of the mouth on crying which disappears on rest.
Mood and gender effects in emotional word processing in unbalanced bilinguals
Authors: Naranowicz Marcin , Jankowiak Katarzyna , Bromberek-Dyzman Katarzyna 
Published: March 2022

Aims and objectives: We aimed to explore the relationship between mood and emotional word processing in the bilingual context, as modulated by participants’ gender. Methodology: We presented mood-inducing film clips to 28 female and 28 male unbalanced Polish–English bilinguals to put them in positive and negative moods. Participants were asked to decide if native language (L1) and non-native language (L2) single words were positive, negative, or neutral (an emotive decision task). Data and analysis: We analysed participants’ subjective mood ratings pre- and post-experimentally together with speed (a linear mixed-effects model) and accuracy (a generalised mixed-effects model) of their responses to single L1 and L2 words. Findings: The results revealed an interaction between mood and language as dependent on word valence, whereby faster reaction times (RTs) were observed to L1 than L2 neutral words only in a positive mood and to L2 positive words in a positive than negative mood. We also observed a response facilitation in a positive compared to negative mood, yet only in females. Finally, we observed faster and more accurate responses to positive and negative compared to neutral words, irrespective of gender and language of operation. Altogether, the results suggest that mood influences how unbalanced bilinguals respond to emotional words and shed a novel light on the role of participants’ gender in emotional word processing. Originality: This study extends monolingual research on emotional word processing to the bilingual context and shows how word valence modulates the way unbalanced bilinguals, being put in positive and negative moods, respond to L1 and L2 words. Our results also offer novel insights into research on mood and language, demonstrating that females can be more susceptible to mood changes than males. Significance: Our results highlight the importance of controlling participants’ mood and gender in research on emotional language processing in both monolingual and bilingual contexts.
Activos de salud, calidad de vida y morbimortalidad de la población en Asturias
Authors: Álvarez O. Suárez , Ruíz-Cantero M. T. , Argüelles M. V. , Margolles M. , Cofiño R. , Álvarez-Dardet C. 
Published: March 2022

Introducción: n promoción de la salud se ha detectado en los últimos años un incremento de investigaciones con enfoques teóricos basados en activos de salud. Pese a los estudios identificados, no se dispone de suficiente evidencia sobre los efectos que diferentes tipos de activos pueden tener en la calidad de vida y en la morbimortalidad de la población. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre los activos de salud disponibles con indicadores de morbilidad, mortalidad y calidad de vida de la población asturiana en el año 2018. Metodología: diseño ecológico a partir de datos agregados municipales procedentes de los 78 municipios de Asturias (1.034.960 habitantes). Tras aplicar la definición de activos de salud como aquellas variables que pudieran redundar en una mejora de la salud y del bienestar de los individuos y de las comunidades, se seleccionaron 19 variables de activos agrupados en cuatro categorías: individuales, socioeconómicas, comunitarias e infraestructura. Una vez controladas las variables relacionadas con las características demográficas de la población, se analizó la asociación de los activos con las tasas de morbimortalidad y de calidad de vida. Se desarrollaron 5 modelos predictivos a partir de modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para las variables dependientes: calidad de vida, enfermedades crónicas, mortalidad por todas las causas, mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) y por cáncer. Resultados: la disponibilidad de recursos sanitarios (beta = 0.474), coberturas sociales (beta = 0.305) y redes de apoyo social (beta = 0.225) constituyen los activos de salud con mayor peso explicativo en los resultados de salud de la población asturiana. Las variables incluidas en los modelos predictivos de calidad de vida ( R2 = 0.650) y de mortalidad por ECV ( R2 = 0.544) son las que mostraron una mayor capacidad explicativa. Conclusiones: la inversión en recursos sociosanitarios y la mejora de redes de apoyo social impulsados desde el ámbito de la salud pública pueden producir importantes mejoras en la salud de la población asturiana.
Comparison Between the Physical Performance Test and the Clinical Frailty Score in Adult Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Treated by Haemodialysis
Authors: Davenport Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Elderly patients with chronic kidney disease treated by haemodialysis are at increased risk of malnutrition and cachexia, becoming frail, with associated greater mortality. The physical performance test (PPT), using nine tasks to assess multiple domains of physical function is robust and reproducible, but time consuming, whereas the clinical frailty score (CFS) is more rapid. We compared the results from independent blinded observers in 22 haemodialysis patients, 16 (72.7%) male, mean age 65 ± 12.5 years. The PPT and CFS scores were highly correlated (r = −0.88, p < .001), with a high level of agreement (kappa score 0.91) for classifying patients as frail. Both scores were strongly associated with serum creatinine (PPT r=0.76, CFS r=−0.86, p < .001), hand grip strength (PPT r = 0.68, p = .001 CFS r = 0.64, p = .002), lean body mass index (PPT r = 0.50, p = .02, CFS r = −0.46, p = .038). We found that the CFS performed favourably compared to the PPT for haemodialysis patients in identifying and screening patients for frailty.
Early detection and intervention for young children with early developmental disabilities in Western Uganda: a mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: Sadoo S. , Nalugya R. , Lassman R. , Kohli-Lynch M. , Chariot G. , Davies H. G. , Katuutu E. , Clee M. , Seeley J. , Webb E. L. , Mutoni Vedastine R. , Beckerlegge F. , Tann C. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly support for children with developmental disabilities is crucial but frequently unavailable in low-resource settings. We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of a programme of early detection and intervention for young children with developmental disabilities in Western Uganda.MethodsEarly child development training for healthcare workers (HCWs) was implemented in three rural districts, and attendance was tracked. HCW knowledge and confidence were assessed pre-/post-intervention, and referral numbers tracked to evaluate impact. Facilitators were trained and mentored to deliver a participatory, group, early intervention programme (EIP) for young children with developmental disabilities and their families. Facilitators were tracked as they were identified, trained, and delivered the intervention, and attendance of families was tracked. Pre−/post-intervention assessments evaluated changes in family quality of life (PedsQL 2.0, Family Impact Module), and child nutritional outcomes. Focus group discussions with stakeholders also assessed feasibility, acceptability and impact.ResultsOverall, 93 HCWs from 45 healthcare facilities received training. In the pre−/post-evaluation, median knowledge and confidence scores increased significantly (from 4.0 to 7.0 and from 2.7 to 4.7, respectively (p < 0.001)). HCWs reported feeling empowered to refer and offer care for families with a young child with disability. Referral rates increased significantly from 148 to 251 per annum (70%;p = 0.03). Eleven EIP facilitators were trained, and all delivered the intervention; 84 families were enrolled, of which 78% attended at least 6 out of 10 modules. Amongst those with paired pre−/post-intervention data (n = 48), total family quality of life scores increased significantly (21%,p < 0.001). Improvements were seen across all domains of quality of life, with the largest impacts on emotional functioning and social functioning (p < 0.001). The programme was acceptable to caregivers and facilitators. Caregivers reported improved knowledge, family relationships, hope, emotional wellbeing, and reduced self-stigma.ConclusionsA programme of early detection and intervention for children with early developmental disabilities and their families was feasible and acceptable in a rural community-based Ugandan setting. HCW training positively impacted knowledge, confidence, attitudes, and referral rates. Families enrolled to the EIP reported significant improvements in quality of life. Important programmatic barriers identified included geographical spread, poverty, gender inequality, and stigma.