bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Player profiles for game‐based applications in engineering education
Authors: Vergara Diego , Antón‐Sancho Álvaro , Fernández‐Arias Pablo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe use of digital learning environments in higher education has led to design methodological strategies, like gamification, adapted to computer‐based learning. The effectiveness of gamification depends on the adaptation of the methodology to the player's profile. Four types of player profiles (Explorer, Killer, Socialized, and Achiever) are established according to the Bartle classification. In this article, quantitative research is carried out on the player profile and the one considered best for learning engineering professors. Sociological and academic aspects that influence player profile choices are also identified. A descriptive and inferential analysis of the answers given by a population of 532 engineering professors —who attended a training course on gamification in digital environments—to a survey designed by the authors was carried out. The results reveal that most engineering professors are Explorers and this is also the player profile considered best for learning, although there is a gap between the own player profile and the choice of the most effective one. The player profile shown here to be the most frequent among engineering professors differs from that attributed to students in the literature, which is Achiever. Gaps by gender, age, teaching experience, and university tenure are also identified. Universities are recommended to strengthen professor training to design personalized game‐based computing environments and to cater to differences due to several sociological and academic aspects.
A signature based on NKG2D ligands to predict the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after radical resection
Authors: Chen Dongbo , Gao Jie , Ren Liying , Chen Pu , Yang Yao , She Shaoping , Xie Yong , Liao Weijia , Chen Hongsong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionDue to the high recurrence, the HCC prognosis remains poor. Yet, the biomarkers for predicting the recurrence of high‐risk patients are currently lacking. We aimed to develop a signature to predict the recurrence of HCC based on NKG2D ligands.MethodsThe multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to select recurrence‐related variables of NKG2D ligands in HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). HCC patients from the OEP000321 dataset and Guilin cohort were used to validate the predictive signature. The mRNA expression of NKG2D ligands was measured by QRT‐PCR. Immunohistochemistry analysis of HCC tissue microarray samples was used to identify the expression of NKG2D ligands.ResultsIn this study, NKG2D ligands expression in the mRNA and protein level was both abnormally expressed in HCC and associated with recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Then, the recurrence‐related variables of NKG2D ligands in HCC were selected by the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Among the eight NKG2D ligands, MICA (HR = 1.347; 95% CI = 1.012–1.793; p = 0.041), ULBP3 (HR = 0.453; 95% CI = 0.231–0.889; p = 0.021) and ULBP5 (HR = 3.617; 95% CI = 1.819–7.194; p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with RFS in the TCGA‐LIHC cohort. Then, the signature was constructed by the three NKG2D ligands. The predictive effectiveness of this signature was also validated in the OEP000321 dataset and Guilin cohort. Further, HCC patients were classified into low‐risk and high‐risk subgroups by the predictive score. Compared with the low‐risk group, the high‐risk group had poor RFS in both training and validation cohorts. Importantly, compared with the low‐risk patients with the G1‐G2 stage, the levels of infiltrated NK‐activated cells and NKG2D expression were both lower in the high‐risk patients.ConclusionsThe signature based on MICA, ULBP3, and ULBP5 could predict HCC recurrence.
Clinical results of active surveillance for extra‐abdominal desmoid‐type fibromatosis
Authors: Sakai Tomohisa , Nishida Yoshihiro , Ito Kan , Ikuta Kunihiro , Urakawa Hiroshi , Koike Hiroshi , Imagama Shiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of choice for desmoid‐type fibromatosis (DF) has been changed to active surveillance (AS). However, few studies have reported clinical outcomes of AS modality in Asian countries. This study aimed to clarify the significance of AS as a DF treatment modality.MethodsA total of 168 lesions from 162 patients with extra‐abdominal DF were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 39 years (1–88 years), and the median maximum tumor diameter at the first visit was 64.1 mm (13.2–255.8 mm). The clinical outcomes of AS and the risk factors requiring active treatment (AT) (defined as an event) from AS modality were investigated.ResultsOf the 168 lesions, 94 (56%) were able to continue AS, with a 5‐year event‐free survival of 54.8%. Of the 68 lesions with PD, 21 (30.9%) lesions were able to continue AS. Neck location (p = 0.043) and CTNNB1 S45F mutation (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with the transition to AT, and S45F mutation was a significant factor associated with the transition to AT by multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 1.96, p = 0.048). AT outcomes after AS were evaluable in 65 lesions, and 49 (75%) lesions did not require a transition to a second AT.ConclusionsAS was revealed as an effective treatment modality. The transition to AT needs to be considered for neck location and CTNNB1 S45F mutation DF. Good results can be obtained by selecting a treatment method that considers the tumor location even in cases that require intervention.
Chiral Naphthalenediimides with High‐Efficiency Fluorescence and Circularly Polarized Luminescence in the Solid State for the Application in Organic Optoelectronics
Authors: Gao Yuping , Wang Liangpeng , Ma Xiaoye , Jin Rizhe , Kang Chuanqing , Gao Lianxun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNaphthalenediimides (NDIs) have been extensively studied due to their tunable luminescent properties. However, generally, the monomers or aggregates of non‐core substituted NDIs exhibit low fluorescence quantum yields (ΦFL<10 %) in the solid state, which limit their applications as light‐emitting materials and render their chiral species unsuitable for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Herein, a series of non‐core substituted chiral NDIs that exhibit high luminous efficiencies (ΦFL up to 56.8 % for racemate and 36.5 % for enantiomer) and a strong CPL behavior in the solid state is reported. These significant improvements are attributed to the unique molecular conformation of the chiral NDIs and the formation of distinctive discrete dimers. The structures of the NDIs were significantly simpler and more accessible than those of other NDIs. The findings evidence that non‐core substituted NDIs can exhibit strong fluorescence in the solid state and provide a new pathway to improve photophysical properties of NDIs.
Dithiolopyrrolones are Prochelators that are Activated by Glutathione
Authors: Albini Francesca , Bormann Stefan , Gerschel Philipp , Ludwig Veza A. , Neumann Wilma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDithiolopyrrolones (DTPs), such as holomycin, are natural products that hold promise as scaffolds for antibiotics as they exhibit inhibitory activity against antibiotic‐resistant pathogens. They consist of a unique bicyclic core containing a disulfide that is crucial for their biological activity. Herein, we establish the DTPs as prochelators. We show that the disulfides are reduced at cellular gluathione levels. This activates the drugs and initiates interactions with targets, particularly metal coordination. In addition, we report an expedient synthesis for the DTPs thiolutin and aureothricin, providing facile access to important natural DTPs and derivatives thereof.
Organic Crystals with Response to Multiple Stimuli: Mechanical Bending, Acid‐Induced Bending and Heating‐Induced Jumping
Authors: Wu Wenbo , Chen Kui , Zhang Xiunan , Wang Ting , Li Shuyu , Zhao Hongtu , Zhou Lina , Huang Xin , Hao Hongxun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultiple stimuli‐responsive molecular crystals are attracting extensive attentions due to their potential as smart materials, such as molecular machines, actuators, and sensors. However, the task of giving a single crystal multiple stimuli‐responsive properties remains extremely challenging. Herein, we found two polymorphs (Form O and Form R) of a Schiff base compound, which could respond to multiple stimuli (external force, acid, heat). Form O and Form R have different elastic deformability, which can be attributed to the differences in the molecular conformation, structural packing and intermolecular interactions. Moreover, both polymorphs exhibit reversible bending driven by volatile acid vapor, which we hypothesize is caused by reversible protonation reaction of imines with formic acid. In addition, jumping can be triggered by heating due to the significant anisotropic expansion. The integration of reversible bending and jumping into one single crystal expands the application scope of stimuli‐responsive crystalline materials.
A Hydride‐Substituted Homoleptic Silylborate: How Similar is it to its Diborane(6)‐Dianion Isostere?
Authors: Gilmer Jannik , Bolte Michael , Virovets Alexander , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Fantuzzi Felipe , Wagner Matthias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe B‐nucleophilic 9H‐9‐borafluorene dianion reacts with 9‐chloro‐9‐silafluorene to afford air‐ and moisture‐stable silylborate salts M[Ar2(H)B−Si(H)Ar2] (M[HBSiH], M=Li, Na). Li[HBSiH] and Me3SiCl give the B−pyridine adduct Ar2(py)B−Si(H)Ar2((py)BSiH) or the chlorosilane Li[Ar2(H)B−Si(Cl)Ar2] (Li[HBSiCl]) in C6H6‐pyridine or THF. In both cases, the first step is H−abstraction at the B center. The resulting free borane subsequently binds a py or thf ligand. While the py adduct is stable at room temperature, the thf adduct undergoes a 1,2‐H shift via the cyclic B(μ‐H)Si intermediateBHSi, which is afterwards attacked at the Si atom by a Cl−ion to give Li[HBSiCl]. DFT calculations were employed to support the proposed reaction mechanism and to characterize the electronic structure ofBHSi. Treatment of Li[HBSiCl] with the N‐heterocyclic carbene IMe introduces the neutral donor at the Si atom and leads to Ar2(H)B−Si(IMe)Ar2(HBSi(IMe)), a donor‐acceptor‐stabilized silylene.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma during oral immunotherapy for egg or peanut allergy in children
Authors: Burman Janne , Palosuo Kati , Pelkonen Anna , Malmberg Pekka , Remes Sami , Kukkonen Kaarina , Mäkelä Mika J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and asthma are frequently present in children with food allergy. We assessed BHR in children receiving oral immunotherapy (OIT) for persistent egg or peanut allergy and examined whether OIT affects asthma control.MethodsMethacholine challenge testing was performed in 89 children with persistent egg or peanut allergy diagnosed by double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge and 80 control children without food allergy. Of the 89 food‐allergic children, 50 started OIT for egg allergy and 39 for peanut allergy. Sensitization to aeroallergens was evaluated by skin prick testing. Forty of the 89 children with regular controller treatment for asthma underwent methacholine challenge testing and 34 measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) at baseline and after 6–12 months of OIT.ResultsMethacholine challenge testing revealed significant BHR in 29/50 children (58%) with egg allergy, 15/39 children (38%) with peanut allergy, and 6/80 controls (7.5%). The mean cumulative dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 differed significantly between the egg and peanut‐allergic versus the control children (1009 μg, 1104 μg, and 2068 μg, respectively, p < 0.001). Egg or peanut OIT did not affect lung function, the degree of BHR or FeNO levels in children with asthma and had no adverse effect on asthma control. Lung function or BHR did not associate with the OIT outcome.ConclusionBHR was significantly more frequent in children with persistent egg or peanut allergy than in children without food allergy. Oral immunotherapy did not increase BHR and was safe for children on regular asthma medication.
Adult spinal Dmrt3 neurons receive direct somatosensory inputs from ipsi‐ and contralateral primary afferents and from brainstem motor nuclei
Authors: Vieillard Jennifer , Franck Marina C. M. , Hartung Sunniva , Jakobsson Jon E. T. , Ceder Mikaela M. , Welsh Robert E. , Lagerström Malin C. , Kullander Klas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the spinal cord, sensory‐motor circuits controlling motor activity are situated in the dorso–ventral interface. The neurons identified by the expression of the transcription factor Doublesex and mab‐3 related transcription factor 3 (Dmrt3) have previously been associated with the coordination of locomotion in horses (Equus caballus, Linnaeus, 1758), mice (Mus musculus, Linnaeus, 1758), and zebrafish (Danio rerio, F. Hamilton, 1822). Based on earlier studies, we hypothesized that, in mice, these neurons may be positioned to receive sensory and central inputs to relay processed commands to motor neurons. Thus, we investigated the presynaptic inputs to spinal Dmrt3 neurons using monosynaptic retrograde replication‐deficient rabies tracing. The analysis showed that lumbar Dmrt3 neurons receive inputs from intrasegmental neurons, and intersegmental neurons from the cervical, thoracic, and sacral segments. Some of these neurons belong to the excitatory V2a interneurons and to plausible Renshaw cells, defined by the expression of Chx10 and calbindin, respectively. We also found that proprioceptive primary sensory neurons of type Ia2, Ia3, and Ib, defined by the expression of calbindin, calretinin, and Brn3c, respectively, provide presynaptic inputs to spinal Dmrt3 neurons. In addition, we demonstrated that Dmrt3 neurons receive inputs from brain areas involved in motor regulation, including the red nucleus, primary sensory–motor cortex, and pontine nuclei. In conclusion, adult spinal Dmrt3 neurons receive inputs from motor‐related brain areas as well as proprioceptive primary sensory neurons and have been shown to connect directly to motor neurons. Dmrt3 neurons are thus positioned to provide sensory–motor control and their connectivity is suggestive of the classical reflex pathways present in the spinal cord.
Varying thin filament activation in the framework of the Huxley'57 model
Authors: Kimmig François , Caruel Matthieu , Chapelle Dominique 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMuscle contraction is triggered by the activation of the actin sites of the thin filament by calcium ions. It results that the thin filament activation level varies over time. Moreover, this activation process is also used as a regulation mechanism of the developed force. Our objective is to build a model of varying actin site activation level within the classical Huxley'57 two‐state framework. This new model is obtained as an enhancement of a previously proposed formulation of the varying thick filament activation within the same framework. We assume that the state of an actin site depends on whether it is activated and whether it forms a cross‐bridge with the associated myosin head, which results in four possible states. The transitions between the actin site states are controlled by the global actin sites activation level and the dynamics of these transitions is coupled with the attachment–detachment process. A preliminary calibration of the model with experimental twitch contraction data obtained at varying sarcomere lengths is performed.
The Diverse Modes of Oxygen Reactivity in Life & Chemistry
Authors: Stuhr Robin , Bayer Patrick , von Wangelin Axel Jacobi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOxygen is a molecule of utmost importance in our lives. Beside its vital role for the respiration and sustaining of organisms, oxygen is involved in numerous chemical and physical processes. Upon combination of the different forms of molecular oxygen species with various activation modes, substrates, and reaction conditions an extremely wide chemical space can be covered that enables rich applications of diverse oxygenation processes. This Review provides an instructive overview of the individual properties and reactivities of oxygen species and illustrates their importance in nature, everyday life, and in the context of chemical synthesis.
A Highly Stable Ortho‐Ketoenamine Covalent Organic Framework with Balanced Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Sites for Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Chen Liang‐Hui , Han Wang‐Kang , Yan Xiaodong , Zhang Jiangwei , Jiang Yuqin , Gu Zhi‐Guo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAtmospheric moisture is a sustainable clean water source that can solve the shortage of fresh water in arid areas. Herein a 2D covalent organic framework (COF‐ok) was reported as a promising porous sorbent for solar‐driven atmospheric water harvesting. COF‐ok with ortho‐ketoenamine linkage was extremely stable in harsh environment, including in boiling water, strong acids and bases. Because of the balanced hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites in channels, COF‐ok showed a high water uptake of 0.33 g g−1 at a low relative humidity of 34 % featuring a characteristic S‐shaped water sorption isotherm with low regeneration temperature (∼45 °C) and excellent cyclic stability. A laboratory‐scale water harvesting system could collect water of 161 g kg−1 under sunlight.
The potential application of event‐related potentials to enhance research on reward processes in eating disorders
Authors: Forester Glen , Schaefer Lauren M. , Dodd Dorian R. , Johnson Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveReward‐related processes have been posited as key mechanisms underlying the onset and persistence of eating disorders, prompting a growing body of research in this area. Existing studies have primarily utilized self‐report, behavioral, and functional magnetic resonance imaging measures to interrogate reward among individuals with eating disorders. However, limitations inherent in each of these methods (e.g., poor temporal resolution) may obscure distinct neurocognitive reward processes, potentially contributing to underdeveloped models of reward dysfunction within eating disorders. The temporal precision of event‐related potentials (ERPs), derived from electroencephalography, may thus offer a powerful complementary tool for elucidating the neurocognitive underpinnings of reward. Indeed, a considerable amount of research in other domains of psychopathology (e.g., depression, substance use disorders), as well as studies investigating food reward among non‐clinical samples, highlights the utility of ERPs for probing reward processes. However, no study to date has utilized ERPs to directly examine reward functioning in eating disorders.MethodsIn this paper, we review evidence underscoring the clinical utility of ERP measures of reward, as well as a variety of reward‐related tasks that can be used to elicit specific ERP components with demonstrated relevance to reward processing. We then consider the ways in which these tasks/components may be used to help answer a variety of open questions within the eating disorders literature on reward.Results/DiscussionGiven the promise of ERP measures of reward to the field of eating disorders, we ultimately hope to spur and guide research in this currently neglected area.Public SignificanceAbnormalities in reward functioning appear to contribute to eating disorders. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) offer temporally precise measures of neurocognitive reward processing and thus may be important tools for understanding the relationship between reward and disordered eating. However, research in this area is currently lacking. This paper attempts to facilitate the use of ERPs to study reward among individuals with eating disorders by reviewing the relevant theories and methods.
Tolerogenic dendritic cells alleviate collagen‐induced arthritis by forming microchimerism and affecting the expression of immune checkpoint molecules
Authors: Wan Xiufang , Bao Lunmin , Ma Guilan , Long Tiaoyu , Li Honghong , Zhang Yundong , Jiang Hongmei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) have the potential to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by inducing immune tolerance. However, the mechanism of intervention needs further study. Here, we investigated whether tolDCs formed microchimerism and their effect on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules after infusion of tolDCs into rats with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). TolDCs derived from male SD rats were labeled with fluorescence and infused into female CIA rats. The fluorescence signals as well as the sex‐determining region of Y‐chromosome (SRY) gene revealed that tolDCs formed microchimerism in the mesenteric lymph nodes and ankle joints. We further explored the effect of tolDCs on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in mesenteric lymph nodes and ankle joints. For stimulatory immune checkpoint molecules, the expressions of CD86 and CD40 decreased in mesenteric lymph nodes, and the expressions of CD40, CD40L, CD28, CD80, and CD86 also decreased in rat ankle joints. In contrast, the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule PDL1 increased in mesenteric lymph nodes, and PD1, PDL1, and CTLA4 increased in ankle joints. In conclusion, our results suggested that intervention of tolDCs in CIA is associated with the formation of microchimerism and the effect on immune checkpoints.
A Remarkable Ring Opening Observed in the Reaction of Cyclopropyl Ferrocenyl Thioketone with Triiron Dodecacarbonyl Fe3(CO)12
Authors: Buday Philipp , Celeda Małgorzata , Görls Helmar , Mlostoń Grzegorz , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn continuation of the study focused on synthesis and structure of mimics of the active site of the [FeFe] hydrogenase enzyme, reaction of Fe3(CO)12 with cyclopropyl ferrocenyl thioketone 1 was carried out. Two different complexes with ring‐opened cyclopropyl fragments were isolated and identified as η4‐1‐thia‐1,3‐diene‐type mononuclear tricarbonyl iron complex 2 and η2‐acyl‐type hexacarbonyl diiron complex 3, respectively. Structures of crystalline products were unambiguously confirmed by single crystal X‐ray analysis. For the ring opening reaction of the cyclopropane moiety, leading to the formation of 2 and 3, a multistep radical mechanism was postulated. Electrochemical investigations of 3, being reminiscent of a [FeFe] hydrogenase mimic, were carried out at different scan rates.
Isomerism in Hexacoordinate Ti(IV) and Zr(IV) Complexes with a Tetradentate ONNO‐Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Rezaei Kheirkhah Bahareh , Al‐Shboul Tareq M. A. , Pröhl Felix Edwin , Krieck Sven , Görls Helmar , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe reactions of [(thf)2TiCl4] with sodiated 2,2’‐bis[2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐di(tert‐butyl)benzylideneamino]‐1,1’‐biphenyl (1 a) and 2,2’‐bis[2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐di(tert‐butyl)benzylideneamino]‐4,4’‐dimethyl‐1,1’‐biphenyl (1 b) yield the corresponding Ti complexes 2 a and 2 b. Similarly, 1 a reacts with [(thf)2ZrCl4] to the corresponding Zr derivative 3. For 2 a, a mixture of cis‐β and trans isomers were observed in solution whereas the Zr congener exclusively forms the cis‐α form. Quantum chemical calculations verify that these isomers are the preferred molecular structures. The crystal structures of cis‐β isomeric 2 a and cis‐α isomeric 3 have been determined. Metalation of 1 a with Ti(NMe2)4 yields 2,2’‐bis[(2‐oxido‐3,5‐di(tert‐butyl)phenyl)‐dimethylaminomethylamino]‐1,1’‐biphenyl titanium(IV) (4) with a hexadentate ligand.