bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Machine Learning Models to Predict Pneumonia Events in Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage Populations: An Analysis of the Risa-MIS-ICH Study
Authors: Zheng Yan , Lin Yuan-xiang , He Qiu , Li Chun-wang , Huang Wei , Gao Zhuyu , Ye Geng-zhao , Chen Ren-long , Cai Lve-ming , Zhao Ming-pei , Zhuo Ling-yun , Wang Hao-jie , Xie Ze-feng , Ma Ke , Fang Wen-hua , Wang Deng-liang , Chen Jian-cai , Kang De-zhi , Lin Fu-xin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) contributes to high mortality rates in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) populations. The accurate prediction and early intervention of SAP are associated with prognosis. Although various predictive scoring systems have been previously developed, none are widely accepted. We aimed to derive and validate novel supervised machine learning (ML) models to predict SAP events in supratentorial sICH populations.Methods: In this work, the data of eligible supratentorial sICH individuals were extracted from the database of the Risa-MIS-ICH study, and the participants were split into training, internal validation, and external validation datasets. The primary outcome was SAP during hospitalization. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used for variable filtrations, and logistic regression (LR), Gaussian naïve Bayes (GNB), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and ensemble soft voting model (ESVM) were adopted for ML model derivations. The metrics of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were adopted to evaluate the predictive value of each model with internal/cross-/external validations.Results: After screening 909 individuals with sICH, a total of 468 were included in this work. Six independent variables [nasogastric feeding, airway support, unconscious onset, surgery of external ventricular drainage (EVD), sICH volume, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay] for SAP were identified and selected for seven ML prediction model derivations and validations. The internal and cross-validations revealed the superior and robust performance of the GNB model with the highest AUC value (0.861, 95% CI: 0.793-0.930), while the LR model had the highest AUC value (0.867, 95% CI: 0.812-0.923) in external validation. The ESVM method combining the other six methods had moderate but robust abilities in both cross- and external validations and achieved an AUC of 0.843 (95% CI: 0.784, 0.902) in the external validation.Conclusion: The ML models could effectively predict SAP events in sICH populations, and our novel ensemble models demonstrated reliable robust performance outcomes despite the populational and algorithmic differences.Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT03862729
Structure and graph-based virtual screening in pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and antioxidant activity of the Castanol B against AKR1C2 prostate cancer target
Authors: Rocha Matheus Nunes , Bezerra Lucas Lima , Silva Leonardo Paes , Almeida-Neto Francisco Wagner Queiroz , Marinho Márcia Machado , Santos Hélcio Silva , Neto Pedro Lima , Marinho Emmanuel Silva 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Chinese chestnut cultivation represents the advance of world trade, and the consumption provides several benefits for human health. Studies reported that a Chinese chestnut has several biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative. The polyphenol recently isolated from Chinese chestnut known as Castanol B was analyzed through of in silico approach using the ADMET simulations, quantum calculations, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. The ADMET results showed that the Castanol B conjugate base is more water-soluble, then conducting a theoretical pharmacokinetic model based on a great intestinal permeability and great metabolic stability, showing an antiproliferative activity with low toxic response to the host. The quantum calculations indicated that Castanol B acts by the HAT mechanism; besides, the anion carboxylate microspecies showed better thermodynamic favoring gas and water phases. The molecular docking results showed the highest potential interaction between the Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 (AKR1C2) receptor with the compound analyzed, highlighted for the Castanol B and Castanol B conjugate base. Finally, the molecular dynamics results indicated that the Castanol B conjugate base showed high stability and the highest potential of interactions during the simulations. Therefore, this compound presented might potentially be used to treat prostate cancer.
Comprehensive analysis of the clinical and biological significances of cholesterol metabolism in lower-grade gliomas
Authors: Huang Ruoyu , Tao Rui , Yang Jingchen , Wang Zhiliang , Yang Pei , Han Bo , Wang Kuanyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: As a component of membrane lipids and the precursor of oxysterols and steroid hormones, reprogrammed cholesterol metabolism contributes to the initiation and progression of multiple cancers. Thus, we aim to further investigate the significances of cholesterol metabolism in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods: The present study included 413 LGG samples from TCGA RNA-seq dataset (training cohort) and 172 LGG samples from CGGA RNA-seq dataset (validation cohort). The cholesterol metabolism-related signature was identified by the LASSO regression model. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to explore the functional roles of this signature in LGGs. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were enrolled to estimate prognostic value of the risk signature. Results: Our findings suggested that cholesterol metabolism was tightly associated clinicopathologic features and genomic alterations of LGGs. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that cholesterol metabolism played a key role in immunosuppression of LGGs, mainly by promoting macrophages polarization and T cell exhaustion. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis showed that cholesterol metabolism was an independent prognostic indicator for LGG patients. To improve the clinical application value of the risk signature, we also constructed a nomogram model to predict the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival of LGG patients.Conclusion: The cholesterol metabolism was powerful prognostic indicator and could serve as a promising target to enhance personalized treatment of LGGs.
The usefulness of machine learning in pediatric intensive care: k-means clustering for shock classification
Authors: Rollán-Martínez-Herrera María , Keretxeta-Sarregi Jon , Gil-Antón Javier , Macia-Oliver Iván , Pilar-Orive Javier 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The use of unsupervised learning techniques based on the multiple variables routinely collected in PICUs could help to find patterns that clinicians may have overlooked, and that may define new classifications of types of shock in the pediatric setting.Methods: data from 90 patients with shock diagnosis, stored in a third level PICU database, were used. K-means algorithm was applied over the data from the first 24 hours of admission (physiological and analytical variables and the need for devices), without preceding death in less than 48 hours. 3 clusters were created. It was analysed whether these clusters had differences between them, their correlation with diagnosis at discharge, their association with outcomes (mortality and LOS) and whether they were more accurate than classical classification in outcome prediction.Results: significant differences were found in variables used (e.g. mean diastolic arterial pressure p < 0.001, age p < 0.001) and not used for training (e.g. EtCO2 min p < 0.001, Troponin max p < 0.01), diagnosis at discharge (p < 0.001) and outcomes (p < 0.05). Clustering classification equalled classical classification in its association with LOS (p = 0.01) and surpassed it in its association with mortality (p < 0.04 vs. p = 0.16).Conclusion: even with such a small sample, k-means clustering method was able to classify shocked pediatric patients with higher outcome correlation than the clinical method. These results support the utility of unsupervised learning algorithms for patient classification in PICU, something that could help to implement guided therapies.
Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the SCREENIVF among Persian infertile couples
Authors: Kargar Somaye Taghadosi , Elyasi Forouzan , Jahanfar Shayesteh , Peyvandi Sepideh , fallah behnoud , Aghmashhadi Fatemeh Yahya Poor , Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
To determine the face, content and construct validity of the Persian version of SCREENIVF for the infertile Iranian population.
METHODS
This was a methodological study of the psychometric properties of SCREENIVF. This report describes process and principles used in translation and cultural adaption of SCREENIVF on 20 infertile couples.
RESULTS
During the process, cultural differences were quantified and taken into account. Results from qualitative face validity indicated that all items have equal or higher effect scores than 1.5(1.5 score effect), which shows the importance of these cases in infertile couples. In measuring the content validity ratio, all cases' scores were higher than 51% in Lawsche table (51% for 14 experts). The content validity ratio scores for all cases were equal or greater than 0.57, so items were identified as "essential". The entire instrument's internal correlation was estimated by using alpha Cronbach 0.89, which shows significant reliability. Results from construct validity represents that five factor structure of SCREENIVF has a good fit to the observe data.
Limitations:
The researchers must be aware of the culture-based constraints for data collected through the questionnaire. Therefore, further studies are highly recommended with the larger sample size.
CONCLUSION
It seems that the Persian version of SCREENIVF is valid and reliable and can be used to screen for emotional risk factors in infertile couples under treatment in infertility clinics in Iran.
Fstl1 suppresses breast cancer lung metastasis by inhibiting M2-like tumor-associated macrophages recruitment towards the lung
Authors: yang ying , Lu Tao , Jia Xiao-wei , Gao Yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment is associated with cancer prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an essential role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Follistatin-like protein 1 (Fstl1), a glycoprotein widely expressed in human and mouse tissues, is a tumor suppressor in various cancers and a regulator in macrophage polarization. However, how Fstl1 affects the crosstalk between breast cancer cells and macrophages remains unclear. Analyzing the public data, we found that Fstl1 expression significantly decreases in breast cancer tissues compared with normal breast tissues, and high expression of Fstl1 in patients means prolonged survival. Using flow cytometry, we found that total macrophages and M2-like macrophages increased dramatically in the metastatic lung tissues during breast cancer lung metastasis of Fstl1+/- mice. Cellular experiments in vitro showed that Fstl1 inhibited macrophage migration towards 4T1 cells via decreasing colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) and vascular endothelial growth factor-α (VEGF-α) expression of 4T1 cells. We demonstrated that Fstl1 inhibited M2-like tumor-associated macrophages recruitment towards the lung and suppressed TGFB1/Smad2/3 pathway and relevant cytokines expression of 4T1 cells. Thereby we find a potential therapeutic strategy contributing to breast cancer.
Concomitant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with invasive adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor grade 3 of the pancreas: a case report
Authors: Ren Xiaoli , Zhou Yuru , Wu Jiao , Yi Lizhi , Wang Jianmei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) usually consist of a ductal adenocarcinoma and a neuroendocrine neoplasm. However, other components mixed in MiNEN also need to be focused on in our clinical pathologic diagnosis. Case presentation: Herein, we shared a 65-year-old male sought medical advice to our hospital with diarrhea and epigastric pain. Enhanced MRI displayed a patchy abnormal signal shadow of 2.8cm in the pancreatic head and malignancy was assessed. Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) was carried out and thorough histopathology diagnosis including immunohistochemistry were revealed a mixed NET-IPMN with invasive adenocarcinoma. The neuroendocrine components finally determined as NET G3 grade. In some areas, the two components of IPMN and NET relatively existed separately, whereas in other areas they were intermingled: The papillae were composed of epithelial cells of IPMN, and neuroendocrine cells formed glandular or solid structures in the same duct. Conclusions: We report a rare case of mixed neuroendocrine-exocrine neoplasms (NET G3 and IPMN with invasive adenocarcinoma) to provide basis for the diagnosis and classification of histopathology.
Role of Denosumab in the Management of Giant Cell Tumor, A cross sectional study
Authors: Saeed Javeria , Ahmed kaleem sohail , Shamsi Zaid , Umer Masood 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a benign lesion which is characterized by presence of multinucleated osteoclasts type giant cells. Nuclear factor kappa B (RANKL) serves as the trigger factor for osteoclasts cells formation. Although surgery is the primary treatment for GCT of bone but recurrence remains the concern. Therefore, the development of denosumab, a monoclonal antibody for treating GCT for both primary and recurrent disease cases. The present study aims to show the role of denosumab along with surgery when given as neo-adjuvant drug to patients of GCT for their treatment.Methodology:A total of 23 patients diagnosed with GCT were included in this study from January 2016- December 2019 and all of these patients had received neo adjuvant denosumab dose of 120 mg SC on day 0, 15, 30 & 45. All patients were treated at the section of Orthopedics, department of surgery, Aga Khan University hospital, Karachi. Other benign lesions were excluded from the study.Results Out of 23 patients we had 12 (52.2%) males and 11 (47.8%) females. The mean age of our patients was 34 13.8 years and mean follow up duration of all patients was 20.5±10.7 months. There were 15 (65.2%) primary cases of GCT while 8 (34.8%) were recurrent cases. In 8 (34.8%) of the cases primary site of lesion was distal femur followed by 7(30.4%). In surgical procedure 20 (87%) patients underwent wide margin excision and only 3 (13%) had intralesional curettage. Reconstruction was performed in 21 patients which consist of bone grafting in 9 patients and mega prosthesis insertion in 12 patients. Only two patients had no reconstruction. On final histopathology, there was no residual GCT and we observed no denosumab induced adverse effects. Post-operative complications included wound infection and peri prosthetic infection in 3 patients. On follow-up we had 4(17.4%) cases of recurrence that were offered revision surgery while 19 (82.6%) were disease free.Conclusion:Denosumab has shown successful results in treating patients with GCT along with surgical intervention and it can be a best option for treating recurrent disease as well.Research registration no: researchregistry4695
Comparison of the intensity of the anterior talofibular ligament repaired by LARS artificial and natural ligaments: a biomechanical study
Authors: jin wenming , Li bao , Zhao gen , Li han , Xiang dulei , Zheng jia , 刘 欣伟 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: There are numerous surgical options for anterior talofibular ligament injury, but new biomechanical studies have demonstrated that existing surgical options cannot entirely restore the initial ATFL's biomechanical indensity. The goal of this study was to determine the biomechanical indensity of LARS talofibular ligament artificial ligament repair.Methods: 12 fresh frozen human ankle specimens, average age 57±25.1 years (range 44~63 years), 12 cases of specimens sorted into two groups using the random number table approach, each group of 6 specimens, LARS group A, natural ligament group B, two groups of the identical biomechanical studies, evaluation of the highest failure load and stiffness in the two groups, respectively.Results: The mean final failure load of the LARS repair group (378.6±25.7N) was significantly higher than that of the intact ATFL group (146.7±38.1N)(P=0.032). The mean stiffness of LARS group (27.6±4.7N/mm) was significantly higher than that of intact ATFL group (15.7±2.2N/mm)(P=0.022).LARS repair group failed because of suture pullout of the anchor at the fibula (4/6) and the talus (2/6)Conclusions: In fresh frozen cadaver models, the indensity and stiffness of ATFL restored by LARS ligaments are much higher than natural ligaments. Although the therapeutic benefit of LARS artificial ligaments has yet to be determined. Before this approach may be used in the therapeutic treatment of ankle ligament injuries, more study is needed.
Regulation of insulin secretion in mouse islets: Metabolic amplification by alpha- ketoisocaproate coincides with rapid and sustained increase in acetyl-CoA content
Authors: Panten Uwe , Brüning Dennis , Rustenbeck Ingo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Glucose and alpha-ketoisocaproate, the keto acid analogue of leucine, stimulate insulin secretion in the absence of other metabolic fuels. Their mitochondrial metabolism in the beta-cell raises the cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio, thereby providing the triggering signal for the exocytosis of the insulin granules. However, additional amplifying signals are required for the full extent of insulin secretion stimulated by these fuels. While it is generally recognized that they are also derived from the mitochondrial metabolism, their exact nature is still unclear. The current study tests the hypothesis that cytosolic acetyl-CoA is a signal in the amplifying pathway.
Methods
The contents of acetyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA plus CoA-SH were measured in isolated mouse islets. Insulin secretion was recorded in isolated perifused islets.
Results
In islets which were preincubated without metabolic fuel while the ATP-sensitive K+ channels were pharmacologically closed, 10 mmol/L alpha-ketoisocaproate strongly enhanced the acetyl-CoA content after 5 and 20 min incubations and decreased the acetyl-CoA plus CoA-SH content within 5 min, but not after 20 min. Compared with the preincubation of islets without metabolic fuel, the preincubation with 3 mmol/L glucose, a non-triggering concentration, elevated the acetyl-CoA content. This content was further increased after 5 min and 20 min incubations with 30 mmol/L glucose, concurrent with a strong increase in insulin secretion.
Conclusion
Alpha-ketoisocaproate and glucose increase the supply of acetyl-CoA in the beta-cell during both phases of insulin secretion. Most likely this increase takes place in the cytosol and may provide a signal for the metabolic amplification.
Innovative human mobility data for fast crisis response
Authors: Minora Umberto , Bosco Claudio , Iacus Stefano , Grubanov-Boskovic Sara , Sermi Francesco , Spyratos Spyridon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work contributes to the discussion on how innovative data can support a fast crisis response. We focus on the use of two different sources of operational data from Meta to gain useful insights on migration flows following the conflict in Ukraine. By analysing the Facebook Ukrainian speaking Monthly Active Users, we estimate the flows of people fleeing the country towards the European Union. Our results indicate (at the fifth week since the beginning of the war), an increase in Ukrainian stocks in all the European Union countries, with Poland registering the highest percentage share (33%) of the overall increase, followed by Germany (17%), and the Czech Republic (15%). We then check the correlation of the Facebook Social Connectedness Index with the Ukrainian diaspora at regional (NUTS-3) level. Our analysis suggests that the index is a good proxy of the Ukrainian diaspora at regional scale, although its use to estimate the actual volumes still needs further study. In conclusion, our work shows how innovative data from social media could provide initial insights on the conflict-induced international flows in almost a real-time, and at sub-national resolution, potentially supporting initiatives aimed at providing humanitarian assistance to the displaced people.
Isometric Strength of Upper Limb Muscles in Children and Adolescents using Hand-Held and Hand-Grip Dynamometry
Authors: Mendez-Rebolledo Guillermo , Ruiz-Gutierrez Arturo , Salas-Villar Sebastian , Guzman-Muñoz Eduardo , Sazo-Rodriguez Sergio , Urbina-Santibáñez Eric 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the isometric strength profile of the upper limb muscles of children and adolescents between 7–15 years of age. Furthermore, to (i) identify the age at which differences in isometric strength are observed between sexes; to (ii) determine the age range at which significant progression of isometric strength could be observed in girls and boys; and (iii) identify the role of the isometric strength of each muscle group on the total upper limb strength. Methods: Cross-sectional study that evaluated the maximum isometric strength of 9 muscle groups of the upper limb of 243 Chilean children and adolescences (female n = 114; male n = 129), split into 9 age groups, separated by 1-year intervals. For this, hand-held dynamometry (make test) and hand-grip dynamometry were used. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for each measurement of maximum isometric strength, grouped by age and sex. A two-factor analysis of variance (age and sex) was performed for the maximum isometric strength of each muscle group and the total upper limb strength. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was then performed. The dependent variable was the total upper limb strength, and the independent variables were the maximum isometric strength of each muscle group, sex, height, and age.Results: From 11 years of age, wrist flexors were the first muscle group that revealed a significant difference in isometric strength in favor of boys (p = 0.0143). In boys, the narrowest and earliest age range in the progression of isometric strength was 10 to 12 years for wrist flexors (p = 0.0392). Shoulder flexors was the main factor that explained the performance of the total upper limb strength (R2 = 0.742; p < 0.001).Conclusions: The most progressive isometric strength development occurred from age 10 years in the ventral and distal muscles of the upper limb; and from this age the boys begin to present a greater isometric strength than girls. In addition, the isometric strength of shoulder flexors explained the higher total upper limb strength performance.
Redox-dependent Structural Origin of the Temperature Threshold and Sensitivity in the TRPV3 Thermometer
Authors: Wang Guangyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The DNA hairpin with a limited size is sensitive to temperature. However, it is unclear if thermosensitive TRP channels also use temperature-dependent hairpin sizes to govern their activation temperature thresholds and sensitivity. Here, graph theory, together with redox- and state-dependent cryo-electron microscopy structures of TRPV3 with or without an agonist at different temperatures, was to test this hypothesis. The results showed that the largest hairpin topological loop size and a change in the total hairpin sizes along the channel gating pathway control the temperature threshold and sensitivity, respectively. This size-dependent hairpin thermodynamics may mediate the thermal activity of biological macromolecules. (100 words)