bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The need for evolutionary theory in cancer research
Authors: Boddy Amy M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSir Richard Peto is well known for proposing puzzling paradoxes in cancer biology—some more well-known than others. In a 1984 piece, Peto proposed that after decades of molecular biology in cancer research, we are still ignorant of the biology underpinning cancer. Cancer is a product of somatic mutations. How do these mutations arise and what are the mechanisms? As an epidemiologist, Peto asked if we really need to understand mechanisms in order to prevent cancer? Four decades after Peto’s proposed ignorance in cancer research, we can simply ask, are we still ignorant? Did the great pursuit to uncover mechanisms of cancer eclipse our understanding of causes and preventions? Or can we get closer to treating and preventing cancer by understanding the underlying mechanisms that make us most vulnerable to this disease?
Phenotypic diversity and selection in biofortified cassava germplasm for yield and quality root traits
Authors: de Carvalho Ravena Rocha Bessa , Bandeira e Sousa Massaine , de Oliveira Luciana Alves , de Oliveira Eder Jorge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncreasing carotenoid content and improving other root quality traits has been the focus of cassava biofortification. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the genetic variability for total carotenoid content (TCC), as well as for root yield and root quality attributes; (ii) estimate potentially useful correlations for selection; and (iii) select parents for breeding and estimate the genetic gain. Data from 2011 to 2020 of 265 cassava genotypes with cream and yellow roots were analyzed for dry matter content (DMC), shoot yield, fresh root yield (FRY), dry root yield (DRY), harvest index, average number of roots per plant, starch content, root pulp color, cyanogenic compounds, and TCC. The best linear unbiased predictions showed great phenotypic variation for all traits. Six distinct groups were formed for productive characteristics of root quality, mainly TCC, DMC and FRY. Only TCC showed high broad-sense heritability ($${h}^{2}$$

h

2

= 0.72), while the other traits had low to medium magnitude (0.21 ≤ $${h}^{2}$$

h

2

≤ 0.60). TCC was strongly correlated with pulp color (r = 0.70), but null significance for DMC. The network analysis identified a clear separation between the agronomic and quality attributes of cassava roots. The selection of the 30 genotypes for recombination in the breeding program has the potential to raise TCC by 27.05% and reduce the cyanogenic compounds content by 23.03%, in addition to increasing FRY and DRY by 22.72% and 22.95%, respectively. This is the first consolidated study on the potential of germplasm for the development biofortified cassava cultivars in Brazil.
Crop landraces inventory for Portugal
Authors: Almeida Maria João , Pinheiro de Carvalho Miguel Â. A. , Barata Ana Maria , Magos Brehm Joana , Maxted Nigel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe threats to agrobiodiversity ultimately affect our future food security. Countries bonded to national or international biodiversity conservation legislation should conserve and sustainably use their agrobiodiversity. Landraces are a key element of agrobiodiversity which is largely endangered due to lack of their systematic conservation, and partially due to obstacles in developing inventories which may be assigned to the difficulties in applying a standard landrace’ definition and to complications associated with nomenclature (synonyms/homonyms). Effective national conservation of landraces can be best achieved with a comprehensive inventory. In this paper, we developed a comprehensive inventory of food and other Portuguese agricultural landraces by surveying literature, local media, and farms. Farms were selected based on knowledge of experts and using an ecogeographic diversity approach based on Geographic Information Systems. We compiled 14,813 records of 7492 different landraces. Grape vine (Vitis vinifera L.), common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) have the highest number of landraces in Portugal according with the gathered data. Bragança and Faro are the districts with more records of landraces. The landrace inventory for Portugal that we developed is a first iteration of such kind and should be updated systematically.
An Advanced Hierarchical Identity-Based Security Mechanism by Blockchain in Named Data Networking
Authors: Li Bing , Ma Maode 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNamed data networking (NDN) has been viewed as a promising future Internet architecture due to its data-centric design. It requires a new security model that is orienting data but not devices. In this paper, an advanced hierarchical identity-based security mechanism by blockchain (AHISM-B) is to be proposed for the NDN networks. On one hand, the hierarchical identity-based cryptology is used to bind the data name to a public key. The valid public parameters would be requested by consumers with the Interest packets so that consumers would compose producers’ public keys to authenticate producers and verify the integrity of the Data packets. On the other hand, a blockchain is employed to manage public parameters to avoid catastrophes due to a single node failure. Both of the security proof result and the formal validation result indicate that the proposed AHISM-B is secure. Moreover, the simulation results show that the performance of our AHISM-B outperforms that of the classic NDN scheme. Especially, the average response delay of the AHISM-B scheme is less by 8% than that of the classic NDN scheme. With the increase of the average arrival rate of Interest packets, the advantage of the AHISM-B could be enhanced further to 11%.
Bullying and Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization: Prospective Within-Person Associations
Authors: Camacho Antonio , Runions Kevin , Ortega-Ruiz Rosario , Romera Eva M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBidirectional associations between bullying and cyberbullying have consistently identified during adolescence. However, little is known about how this relationship works on the within-person level, after controlling for potential overlap at the between-person level. This study examined the bidirectional longitudinal associations between bullying and cyberbullying perpetration and victimization during 18-month period over four time points. A total of 2835 participants, aged 11 to 16 years in time 1 (50% girls; Mage = 13.13, SD = 1.06) were surveyed. Random intercept cross-lagged analyses revealed the stability of bullying perpetration and victimization. Cyberbullying victimization predicted inversely bullying and cyberbullying perpetration. The results indicate spirals of positive long-term associations between bullying (perpetration and victimization) and cyberbullying perpetration but no long-terms spirals of victimization.
Nomenclature in the online reptile trade
Authors: Lynn Vanessa J. , Roberts David L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe internet has expanded opportunities for wildlife traders to conduct business globally, but monitoring this activity is often challenging. As monitoring techniques frequently employ language-based searches for particular words, it is important to understand the language traders use, particularly the nomenclature used to refer to traded species. We recorded advert data from four UK websites, focusing on reptiles, which constitute a large proportion of the international pet trade. We analysed whether the language types used by advertisers to refer to individual reptiles were associated with certain trader characteristics. We found English common names were the most frequent name type used to refer to species, regardless of the geographical location of the seller and the CITES Appendix listing of the species. However, scientific names were recorded in twice as many adverts for threatened and Near Threatened species as in adverts for non-threatened species, and only scientific names were used for three families: Anguidae, Pseudaspididae and Sphaerodactylidae. These findings could inform the creation of tailored keyword detection tools, which must account for the numerous language types in use within online wildlife trade communities. Future studies should examine the nuances of language used by other online wildlife trader communities in other contexts, such as different online platforms or different languages. The ultimate aim of these language detection tools will be to track in detail trends in the online reptile trade, offering a better understanding of potentially unsustainable trade patterns and helping authorities to enforce laws against illegal online reptile trade.
A Shifting Tripolar Pattern of Antarctic Sea Ice Concentration Anomalies During Multi‐Year La Niña Events
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Yu Jin‐Yi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 2,200‐year CESM1 pre‐industrial simulation is used to contrast Antarctic sea ice concentration (SIC) variations between the first and second austral winters of multi‐year La Niñas. The typical SIC anomaly pattern induced by single‐year La Niñas appears only during the second austral winter of multi‐year La Niñas. A similar pattern, but zonally shifted compared to the typical one, is found during the first winter and exhibits a tripolar pattern with anomaly centers over the Ross, Amundsen‐Bellingshausen, and Weddell Seas. The shift is a result of the pre‐onset conditions associated with multi‐year La Niñas that excites unique atmospheric circulation modes during the first winter. The distinct zonally‐shifted SIC anomaly pattern is observed in four of the six multi‐year La Niña events during the period 1979–2020. These results suggest that it is helpful to separate La Niñas into single and multi‐year events to better understand the La Niña impacts on Antarctic climate.
Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and the risk of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Zhenchao , Yao Taikang , Wang Zilu , Liu Beibei , Wu Nan , Lu Ming , Shen Ning 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The association between the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and lung cancer risk remains controversial. This study evaluated the association between the use of ACEIs and lung cancer risk.

Methods
Records from five databases were searched from inception to 26 January 2022. Clinical studies involving persons aged ≥18 years with at least one year of follow-up and reporting adverse events, including lung cancer, were recorded with separate outcome reports supplied for the ACEIs and control groups. Data were extracted independently by three authors and pooled using a random-effects model. The primary outcome was lung cancer development. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and lung cancer-related morbidity were calculated.

Results
Of 2400 records screened, 13,061,226 patients were included from seven cohort studies and four case–control studies. Pooled results showed that ACEIs use was linked to increased lung cancer risk (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.05–1.36; P = 0.008), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 98%).

Conclusions
ACEI usage is a greater risk factor for lung carcinogenesis than angiotensin receptor blocker use, especially in Asian patients. Further randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the causal association between the use of ACEIs and lung cancer risk.
Restoration of WT1/miR-769-5p axis by HDAC1 inhibition promotes MMT reversal in mesenchymal-like mesothelial cells
Authors: Bontempi Giulio , Terri Michela , Garbo Sabrina , Montaldo Claudia , Mariotti Davide , Bordoni Veronica , Valente Sergio , Zwergel Clemens , Mai Antonello , Marchetti Alessandra , Domenici Alessandro , Menè Paolo , Battistelli Cecilia , Tripodi Marco , Strippoli Raffaele 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHistone acetylation/deacetylation play an essential role in modifying chromatin structure and in regulating cell plasticity in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, histone deacetylase (HDAC) pharmacological inhibitors are promising tools in the therapy of fibrotic diseases and in cancer. Peritoneal fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by many cellular and molecular alterations, including the acquisition of invasive/pro-fibrotic abilities by mesothelial cells (MCs) through induction of mesothelial to mesenchymal transition (MMT). The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanism of the antifibrotic role of HDAC1 inhibition. Specifically, treatment with MS-275, an HDAC1-3 inhibitor previously known to promote MMT reversal, induced the expression of several TGFBRI mRNA-targeting miRNAs. Among them, miR-769-5p ectopic expression was sufficient to promote MMT reversal and to limit MC migration and invasion, whereas miR-769-5p silencing further enhanced mesenchymal gene expression. These results were confirmed by HDAC1 genetic silencing. Interestingly, miR-769-5p silencing maintained mesenchymal features despite HDAC1 inhibition, thus indicating that it is necessary to drive MMT reversal induced by HDAC1 inhibition. Besides TGFBRI, miR-769-5p was demonstrated to target SMAD2/3 and PAI-1 expression directly. When analyzing molecular mechanisms underlying miR-769-5p expression, we found that the transcription factor Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1), a master gene controlling MC development, binds to the miR-769-5p promoter favoring its expression. Interestingly, both WT1 expression and binding to miR-769-5p promoter were increased by HDAC1 inhibition and attenuated by TGFβ1 treatment. Finally, we explored the significance of these observations in the cell-to-cell communication: we evaluated the ability of miR-769-5p to be loaded into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and to promote MMT reversal in recipient mesenchymal-like MCs. Treatment of fibrotic MCs with EVs isolated from miR-769-5p over-expressing MCs promoted the down-regulation of specific mesenchymal targets and the reacquisition of an epithelial-like morphology. In conclusion, we highlighted an HDAC1-WT1-miR-769-5p axis potentially relevant for therapies aimed at counteracting organ fibrosis.
Neurocognitive moderation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) effects on cannabis use in schizophrenia: a preliminary analysis
Authors: Johnstone Samantha , Lowe Darby J. E. , Kozak-Bidzinski Karolina , Sanches Marcos , Castle David J. , Rabin Jennifer S. , Rabin Rachel A. , George Tony P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising treatment for cannabis use disorder in schizophrenia; however, gaps in the literature remain as to the potential role of neurocognitive functioning in treatment response. We evaluated the moderating role of select cognitive functions including baseline executive functioning, verbal memory, and sustained attention, and we explore the mediating role of changes in task performance on changes in cannabis use in both active and sham rTMS groups. Participants underwent high-frequency (20 Hz) rTMS applied to the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 5x/week for 4 weeks. Weekly self-report of cannabis use and semi-quantitative urinary carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol levels were recorded. A neurocognitive battery assessing verbal memory, visuospatial working memory, verbal working memory, sustained attention, delayed discounting, and complex planning was administered pre- and post-treatment. Better baseline performance on tasks assessing sustained attention, delayed discounting, and complex planning moderated the extent to which participants in the active group reduced cannabis use. There were no significant indirect pathways between treatment, changes in neuropsychological performance, and changes in cannabis use; however, active rTMS improved complex planning and sustained attention. These preliminary findings suggest that there is a moderating role of sustained attention, delayed discounting, and complex planning on the effects of rTMS on cannabis use. Further, mediation models suggest rTMS may exert direct effects on cannabis use independent of its effects on cognitive functioning in people with SCZ. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03189810.
Estimating the risk of incident SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in quarantine hospitals: the Egyptian example
Authors: Jijón Sofía , Al Shafie Ahmad , Hassan Essam ,   EMAE-MESuRS working group on nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 modeling, Duval Audrey , Hamzi Kenza , Hendrickx Niels , Oodally Ajmal , Opatowski Lulla , Shirreff George , Smith David R. M. , Tamandjou Cynthia , Jijón Sofía , Temime Laura , Jean Kévin , Temime Laura , Jean Kévin , El-Kassas Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn response to the COVID-19 epidemic, Egypt established a unique care model based on quarantine hospitals where only externally-referred confirmed COVID-19 patients were admitted, and healthcare workers resided continuously over 1- to 2-week working shifts. Using a mathematical model accounting for the false-negative rates of RT-PCR tests, we computed the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs, while unveiling the proportion of infections remaining undiagnosed despite routine testing. We relied on longitudinal data, including results of routine RT-PCR tests, collected within three Egyptian quarantine hospitals. We estimated an incidence rate (per 100 person-day, PD) of 1.05 (95% CrI 0.58–1.65) at Hospital 1, 1.92 (95% CrI 0.93–3.28) at Hospital 2 and 7.62 (95% CrI 3.47–13.70) at Hospital 3. We found that the risk for an HCW to be infected during a working shift lay within the range of risk levels previously documented in standard healthcare settings for Hospitals 1–2, whereas it was > threefold higher for Hospital 3. This large variation suggests that HCWs from quarantine hospitals may face a high occupational risk of infection, but that, with sufficient infection control measures, this risk can be brought down to levels similar to those observed in standard healthcare settings.
Nonlinear finite‐time control of hydroelectric systems via a novel sliding mode method
Authors: Zhang Runfan , Ren Xinyi , Mahmud Md. Apel , Li Huanhuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA nonlinear finite‐time sliding mode control is proposed in this paper for the governing of complex hydroelectric systems with the finite/fixed setting time. The proposed control method is derived from the finite‐time stability and sliding mode control theories. The finite settling time is calculated and bounded, not depending on the initial conditions of the system. The solution trajectory of the controlled hydroelectric system can reach the sliding manifold in a fixed settling time, regardless of initial values. Based on the Lyapunov theory, the controlled hydroelectric system also converges to a reference state within the fixed settling time. A simulation of a high‐dimensional hydroelectric system verifies the feasibility of the proposed method. In addition, a comparison between the proposed method and the conventional PID method demonstrates the advantages of the proposed method in the shorter settling time and smaller overshoot. The proposed control method allows for the design of a flexible controller and provides an improvement in dynamic performance.
An improved nine‐level switched capacitor‐based inverter with voltage boosting capability and limitation of capacitor current spikes for PV applications
Authors: Kurdkandi Naser Vosoughi , Marangalu Milad Ghavipanjeh , Naderi Yahya , Husev Oleksandr , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Siwakoti Yam , Mehrizi‐Sani Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo proceed to a net zero carbon world and to mitigate the environmental challenges associated with it, integration speed of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems has been increased around the world. Here, an improved switched‐capacitor based nine‐level inverter is introduced for PV applications. This topology has several benefits such as, voltage boosting feature, using a single DC source, reduction of capacitor charging current spike and extendable input voltage. This inverter produces nine‐level output voltage waveform using single power supply. This topology, using identical two capacitors in parallel with a single DC source, can boost the input voltage. In this inverter to limit spike current of capacitor charging mode, an inductor is placed in the charging path of capacitors with a parallel diode. The power losses and overall efficiency analysis of the improved inverter are considered. To verify the accurate performance of inverter under a step change on power flows, simulation results are obtained by MATLAB/Simulink software and presented. To highlight the benefits of the inverter, a comparison of improved topology with most recent topologies is performed. Finally, to verify the feasibility and performance of the improved inverter, experimental results of a 770 W grid‐tied prototype are presented.
Constraining the X-ray reflection in low accretion-rate active galactic nuclei using XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and Swift
Authors: Diaz Y. , Hernàndez-García L. , Arévalo P. , López-Navas E. , Ricci C. , Koss M. , Gonzalez-Martin O. , Baloković M. , Osorio-Clavijo N. , García J. A. , Malizia A. 
Published: November 2022

Context. An interesting feature of active galactic nuclei (AGN) accreting at low rates is the weakness of the reflection features in their X-ray spectra, which may result from the gradual disappearance of the torus with decreasing accretion rates. It has been suggested that low-luminosity AGN (LLAGN) would exhibit a different reflector configuration than high-luminosity AGN, covering a smaller fraction of the sky or simply having less material. Additionally, we note that the determination of the spectral index (Γ) and the cut-off energy of the primary power-law emission is affected by the inclusion of reflection models, showing their importance in studying accretion mechanisms. This is especially valid in the case of the LLAGN which has previously shown a high dispersion in the relation between Γ and the accretion rate.
Aims. Our purpose is to constrain the geometry and column density of the reflector in a sample of LLAGN covering a broad X-ray range of energy by combining data from XMM-Newton+ NuSTAR + Swift. The spectral analysis also allows us to investigate the accretion mechanism in LLAGN.
Methods. We used XMM-Newton+ NuSTAR + Swift observations of a hard X-ray flux-limited sample of 17 LLAGN from BASS/DR2 with accretion rates of λEdd = LBol/LEdd <  10−3. We fit all spectra using the reflection model for torus (BORUS) and accretion disk (XILLVER) reflectors.
Results. We found a tentative correlation between the torus column density and the accretion rate, with LLAGN showing a lower column density than the high-luminosity objects. We also confirm the relation between Γ and λEdd, with a smaller scatter than previously reported, thanks to the inclusion of high-energy data and the reflection models. Our results are consistent with a break at λEdd ∼ 10−3, which is suggestive of a different accretion mechanism compared with higher accretion AGN.