bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive transgressive gene expression in testis but not ovary in the homoploid hybrid Italian sparrow
Authors: Papoli Yazdi Homa , Ravinet Mark , Rowe Melissah , Sætre Glenn‐Peter , Guldvog Caroline Ø. , Eroukhmanoff Fabrice , Marzal Alfonso , Magallanes Sergio , Runemark Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHybridization can result in novel allelic combinations which can impact the hybrid phenotype through changes in gene expression. While misexpression in F1 hybrids is well documented, how gene expression evolves in stabilized hybrid taxa remains an open question. As gene expression evolves in a stabilizing manner, break‐up of co‐evolved cis‐ and trans‐regulatory elements could lead to transgressive patterns of gene expression in hybrids. Here, we address to what extent gonad gene expression has evolved in an established and stable homoploid hybrid, the Italian sparrow (Passer italiae). Through comparison of gene expression in gonads from individuals of the two parental species (i.e., house and Spanish sparrow) to that of Italian sparrows, we find evidence for strongly transgressive expression in male Italian sparrows—2530 genes (22% of testis genes tested for inheritance) exhibit expression patterns outside the range of both parent species. In contrast, Italian sparrow ovary expression was similar to that of one of the parent species, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Moreover, the Italian sparrow testis transcriptome is 26 times as diverged from those of the parent species as the parental transcriptomes are from each other, despite being genetically intermediate. This highlights the potential for regulation of gene expression to produce novel variation following hybridization. Genes involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and protein synthesis are enriched in the subset that is over‐dominantly expressed in Italian sparrow testis, suggesting that selection on key functions has moulded the hybrid Italian sparrow transcriptome.
Important lack of difference in tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics between Aboriginal and Caucasian kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Barraclough Katherine A. , Metz David , Staatz Christine E. , Gorham Gillian , Carroll Robert , Majoni Sandawana William , Cherian Sajiv , Swaminathan Ramyasuda , Holford Nick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo examine whether differences in tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid (MPA) pharmacokinetics contribute to the poorer kidney transplant outcomes experienced by Aboriginal Australians.MethodsConcentration‐time profiles for tacrolimus and MPA were prospectively collected from 43 kidney transplant recipients: 27 Aboriginal and 16 Caucasian. Apparent clearance (CL/F) and distribution volume (V/F) for each individual were derived from concentration‐time profiles combined with population pharmacokinetic priors, with subsequent assessment for between‐group difference in pharmacokinetics. In addition, population pharmacokinetic models were developed using the prospective dataset supplemented by previously developed structural models for tacrolimus and MPA. The change in NONMEM objective function was used to assess improvement in goodness of model fit.ResultsNo differences were found between Aboriginal and Caucasian groups or empirical Bayes estimates, for CL/F or V/F of MPA or tacrolimus. However, a higher prevalence of CYP3A5 expressers (26% compared with 0%) and wider between‐subject variability in tacrolimus CL/F (SD = 5.00 compared with 3.25 L/h/70 kg) were observed in the Aboriginal group, though these differences failed to reach statistical significance (p = .07 and p = .08).ConclusionThere were no differences in typical tacrolimus or MPA pharmacokinetics between Aboriginal and Caucasian kidney transplant recipients. This means that Bayesian dosing tools developed to optimise tacrolimus and MPA dosing in Caucasian recipients may be applied to Aboriginal recipients. In turn, this may improve drug exposure and thereby transplant outcomes in this group. Aboriginal recipients appeared to have greater between‐subject variability in tacrolimus CL/F and a higher prevalence of CYP3A5 expressers, attributes that have been linked with inferior outcomes.
Enzymatic antioxidants activity in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva in advanced periodontitis
Authors: Toczewska Joanna , Zalewska Anna , Konopka Tomasz , Maciejczyk Mateusz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimEnzymatic antioxidants are the primary line of defense against oxidative and nitrosative stress. However, their involvement in the progression of periodontitis is still not well understood. The study aimed to determine the activity of enzymatic antioxidants in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva of patients with periodontitis.Materials and methodsThe study group of 56 patients with periodontitis (stage III and IV) and 28 healthy controls were involved. The modified plaque index, probing depth, the clinical attachment level, the percentage of sites with bleeding on probing, papilla bleeding index, and maximum value of tooth mobility (Periotest®) were tested. Saliva (stimulated and non‐stimulated) and GCF were collected from the participants, and activity of peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase were determined colorimetrically.ResultsLower activity of peroxidase (p < 0.0001), catalase (p < 0.0001), superoxide dismutase (p = 0.0188), and glutathione reductase (p < 0.0001) was noted in non‐stimulated saliva of patients with periodontitis compared to healthy subjects. Peroxidase (p < 0.0001), catalase (p < 0.0001) and superoxide dismutase (p < 0.0001) showed lower activity in stimulated saliva of patients with periodontitis compared to healthy subjects. The peroxidase (p < 0.0029), catalase (p < 0.0001), and glutathione reductase (p = 0.0028) activity in GCF of stage III + IV were significantly higher compared to healthy controls. Superoxide dismutase (p < 0.0001) showed lower activity in GCF of patients with periodontitis.ConclusionsThe demonstrated decrease in activity of all analyzed enzymatic antioxidants in non‐stimulated saliva may result from long‐lasting periodontitis and exhaustion of the safeguard mechanism against reactive oxygen species.
A meta‐synthesis of qualitative data exploring the experience of living with temporomandibular disorders: The patients' voice
Authors: Taimeh Dina , Leeson Rachel , Fedele Stefano , Ni Riordain Richeal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this review was to systematically review the qualitative evidence related to the experience of patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and to explore the effect it has on their lives.Materials and methodsThe following databases were searched systemically: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete and the Cochrane database. Thematic synthesis was used to analyse and synthesise the data from the qualitative studies which explored the experience of adult patients with TMD. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool was used to critically appraise the quality of the included studies.ResultsThe search strategies yielded 3588 articles across all databases. A total of 20 articles were eventually included. Six themes were derived: TMD causes uncertainty and doubt, TMD had disruptive effects on life, TMD causes distress, understanding TMD—the illness and the causes, dealing with the pain and aims and hopes.ConclusionThe findings highlight the impact TMD could have on the quality of life and confirms the psychological and social challenges these patients experience.
Long‐term evolution of mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Report of two cases
Authors: Sena Dáurea Adília Cóbe , de Souto Medeiros Maurília Raquel , Martins Helder Domiciano Dantas , da Trindade Gustavo Alcântara , da Silveira Éricka Janine Dantas , de Souza Lélia Batista 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionMucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland malignancy, which mainly affects the major salivary glands. Its prognosis is associated with clinical and histopathological factors.AimThis article reports two long‐term evolution cases of MEC.Case ReportTwo cases of MEC in female patients, duration of 8 years (case 1) and 24 years (case 2). Clinical and histopathological features were analysed in order to predict the long‐term survival of patients.ConclusionsIn addition, possible differential diagnoses are discussed, as well as the results of a histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis performed to assist the accurate diagnosis of the two cases.
Incidence and outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient cohort from a single center in Northern Italy
Authors: Cazzaniga Marco , Testa Sara , Brambilla Marta , Vergori Antonio , Viganoni Maria , Montini Giovanni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundConcern about SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has increased over the possible effects on immunocompromised patients. Among them, recipients of solid organ transplantation deserve special attention. Data from the adult population suggest they may be at high risk for developing severe COVID‐19, but little data are available for pediatric solid organ transplantation recipients.MethodsFrom March 2020 to April 2021, KT recipients aged <21 years, routinely managed at our center, who underwent RT‐PCR testing with nasopharyngeal swabs to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, were studied. Tests were performed according to clinical and/or epidemiological criteria.ResultsOne hundred one transplanted patients were managed at our center during the observation period. Among this population, 57 patients were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with a RT‐PCR test and were subsequently enrolled. A total of 111 swabs were performed. Twelve out of the 57 patients tested (21.1%) had a positive RT‐PCR test result. Among the positive patients, eight were symptomatic (66.7%). Median duration of symptoms and RT‐PCR positivity was two days (IQR 1–2.25) and 17 days (IQR 11–27.25), respectively. No patients required specific treatment or IS therapy reduction; no one was admitted to hospital.ConclusionsOur data show that pediatric renal transplant recipients are at low risk of clinically relevant COVID‐19, as is the healthy age‐related population. On the contrary, our results differed substantially from those seen in adult SOT recipient populations that have a high incidence and an even earlier and higher mortality rate.
A Simple and Practical Method for Fluence Determination in Bench‐Scale UV‐LED Setups
Authors: Watanabe Shinya , Oguma Kumiko 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTIn UV disinfection of water, the fluence of UV required to inactivate a target microorganism is determined based on the procedures developed for conventional mercury‐based UV lamps with collimation. In this regard, a simple and practical method with a mathematical model and radiometry is proposed for determining the fluence rate with UV light‐emitting diodes (UV‐LEDs). This method was applied to a bench‐scale UV‐LED setup and validated by comparing the calculations with the measurements using either a spectroradiometer or a chemical actinometer. The results showed high accordance with spectroradiometer outputs with a linear regression equation y = 0.997x (x: model calculation, y: spectroradiometer output, r2 = 0.999, P < 0.001 for n = 20) in an experiment varying the distance between the measurement points and the UV‐LEDs. Meanwhile, the proposed method and chemical actinometry exhibited 98% concordance. Furthermore, this method was applied to determine the fluence‐response profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the results demonstrated that the proposed method was appropriate at two different distances between the UV‐LEDs and the solutions. To conclude, the proposed method can determine the fluence in a UV‐LED bench‐scale setup in a simple and practical way, which would potentially promote the research and development of water treatment using UV‐LEDs.
Against resultant moral luck
Authors: Demirtas Huzeyfe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDoes one's causal responsibility increase the degree of one's moral responsibility? The proponents of resultant moral luck hold that it does. Until quite recently, the causation literature has almost exclusively been interested in the binary question of whether one factor is a cause of an outcome. Naturally, the debate over resultant moral luck also revolved around this binary question. However, we have seen an increased interest in the question ofdegreesof causation in recent years. And some philosophers have already explored various implications of a graded notion of causation on resultant moral luck. In this paper, I will do the same. But the implications that I will draw attention to are bad news for resultant moral luck. I will show that resultant moral luck entails some implausible results that leave resultant moral luck more indefensible than it was previously thought be. I will also show that what is typically taken to be the positive argument in favor of resultant moral luck fails. I will conclude that we should reject resultant moral luck.
Concise or comprehensive? Predictors of impact assessment choices for electric transmission line projects
Authors: Scott Ryan P. , Ulibarri Nicola , Scott Tyler A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnvironmental impact assessment (EIA) procedures required in the United States and many other countries are often highlighted as a major hindrance to timely and efficient deployment of critical infrastructure projects. Under the U.S. National Environmental Policy Act, a more extensive environmental impact statement (EIS) review can take several more years and cost much more than a succinct environmental assessment (EA). This not only affects the project in question, but also likely informs how—or whether—additional projects are pursued. Thus, understanding key predictors of the EA versus EIS choice sheds light on supply‐side considerations affecting infrastructure deficits. Using the case of NEPA reviews conducted for 244 transmission line projects between 2005 and 2018 by two U.S. federal agencies in the western United States, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Department of Energy (DOE), this addresses the following question: What project features most predict whether EA or an EIS is used to assess a transmission line project? Drawing upon NEPA assessment guidance and agency NEPA records, we use a regression classification tree to analyze how protocols and project attributes relate to assessment choice. The result is essentially a null finding: transmission line length is by far the most important predictor of whether a project receives an extensive EIS or a shorter EA, with little predictive value provided by other attributes. While absolute project size undoubtedly influences impacts, the lack of further differentiation in what predicts use of EISs versus EAs suggests assessment does not simply respond to project details but also shapes proposal and design choices beforehand.
On the use of the Reproduction Number for SARS-COV-2: Estimation, Misinterpretations and Relationships with other Ecological Measures
Authors: Jewell Nicholas P. , Lewnard Joseph A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The basic reproduction number, R0, and its real-time analogue, Rt, are summary measures that reflect the ability of an infectious disease to spread through a population. Estimation methods for Rt have a long history, have been widely developed and are now enhanced by application to the COVID-19 pandemic. While retrospective analyses of Rt have provided insight into epidemic dynamics and the effects of control strategies in prior outbreaks, misconceptions around the interpretation of Rt have arisen with broader recognition and near real-time monitoring of this parameter alongside reported case data during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we discuss some widespread misunderstandings regarding the use of Rt as a barometer for population risk and its related use as an ‘on/off’ switch for policy decisions regarding relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Computation of Rt from downstream data (e.g. hospitalizations) when infection counts are unreliable exacerbates lags between when transmission happens and when events are recorded. We also discuss analyses that have shown various relationships between Rt and measures of mobility, vaccination coverage and a test–trace–isolation intervention in different settings.
Paired or Partially Paired Two-sample Tests With Unordered Samples
Authors: Wang Yudong , Tang Yanlin , Ye Zhi-Sheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn paired two-sample tests for mean equality, it is common to encounter unordered samples in which subject identities are not observed or unobservable, and it is impossible to link the measurements before and after treatment. The absence of subject identities masks the correspondence between the two samples, rendering existing methods inapplicable. In this paper, we propose two novel testing approaches. The first splits one of the two unordered samples into blocks and approximates the population mean using the average of the other sample. The second method is a variant of the first, in which subsampling is used to construct an incomplete U-statistic. Both methods are affine invariant and can readily be extended to partially paired two-sample tests with unordered samples. Asymptotic null distributions of the proposed test statistics are derived and the local powers of the tests are studied. Comprehensive simulations show that the proposed testing methods are able to maintain the correct size, and their powers are comparable to those of the oracle tests with perfect pair information. Four real examples are used to illustrate the proposed methods, in which we demonstrate that naive methods can yield misleading conclusions.
Self‐organizing maps as a dimension reduction approach for spatial global sensitivity analysis visualization
Authors: Şalap‐Ayça Seda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpatial global sensitivity analysis (SGSA) reveals and ranks the input–output relation in spatial models. The SGSA output is twofold: (1) first‐order effects which are the linear relations of every input layer with the output; and (2) high‐order effects where the nonlinear interaction among input layers is depicted. The resulting sensitivity maps are twice the number of input layers which is challenging to visualize, considering the limitations of the human cognitive system or visual representations. Finding similar patterns and projecting that similarity into a 2D surface will help to tackle this voluminous visual load. This article presents the implementation of self‐organizing maps (SOM), a type of artificial neural network, as a dimension reduction approach for SGSA visualization. SOM is also used for feature selection to identify the most relevant feature for model uncertainty. The winning neurons at SOM are projected as the influence map and the results are compared with conventional visualization techniques.
Mitigating the risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections with vector‐borne agents solely by means of pathogen reduction
Authors: Stramer Susan L. , Lanteri Marion C. , Brodsky Jaye P. , Foster Gregory A. , Krysztof David E. , Groves Jamel A. , Townsend Rebecca L. , Notari Edward , Bakkour Sonia , Stone Mars , Simmons Graham , Spencer Bryan , Tonnetti Laura , Busch Michael P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated whether pathogen reduction technology (PRT) in plasma and platelets using amotosalen/ultraviolet A light (A/UVA) or in red blood cells using amustaline/glutathione (S‐303/GSH) may be used as the sole mitigation strategy preventing transfusion‐transmitted West Nile (WNV), dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) viral, and Babesia microti, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Plasmodium parasitic infections.MethodsAntibody (Ab) status and pathogen loads (copies/mL) were obtained for donations from US blood donors testing nucleic acid (NAT)‐positive for WNV, DENV, ZIKV, CHIKV, and B. microti. Infectivity titers derived from pathogen loads were compared to published PRT log10 reduction factors (LRF); LRFs were also reviewed for Plasmodium and T. cruzi. The potential positive impact on donor retention following removal of deferrals from required questioning and testing for WNV, Babesia, Plasmodium, and T. cruzi was estimated for American Red Cross (ARC) donors.ResultsA/UVA and S‐303/GSH reduced infectivity to levels in accordance with those recognized by FDA as suitable to replace testing for all agents evaluated. If PRT replaced deferrals resulting from health history questions and/or NAT for WNV, Babesia, Plasmodium, and T. cruzi, 27,758 ARC donors could be retained allowing approximately 50,000 additional donations/year based on 1.79 donations/donor for calendar year 2019 (extrapolated to an estimated 125,000 additional donations nationally).ConclusionPathogen loads in donations from US blood donors demonstrated that robust PRT may provide an opportunity to replace deferrals associated with donor questioning and NAT for vector‐borne agents allowing for significant donor retention and likely increased blood availability.
ADAPTIVE MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROLLER FOR TRAJECTORY TRACKING AND OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE ON AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE
Authors: Ali Leman Zulkarnain , Mohammad Ariff Mohd Hatta , Zamzuri Hairi , Abdul Rahman Mohd Azizi , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Bahiuddin Irfan , Yakub Fitri 
Published: June 2022

Advancement in active steering technology is vital as the autonomous vehicle technology is preparing to enter the commercialization phase. Accurate trajectory tracking and collision free motion have become an active topic being discussed in research field recently. During an emergency obstacle avoidance manoeuvre conditions, tyre force saturation can easily happened when availability of lateral tyre forces is limited by the law of tyre friction circle. This greatly affects the trajectory tracking performance of the vehicle. Existing controllers such as generic model predictive controller (MPC) and geometric controller (Stanley) need a proper gain tuning to cope with this condition. This is due to the control gains were determined by trial and error basis via linearization process at a certain targeted speed. Therefore, the control performance is limited considering the presence of speed variation as well as extreme manoeuvre trajectory. This paper proposes an Adaptive Model Predictive Controller (MPC) controller to solve aforementioned issues. First, optimized weighting gains for the steering control were obtained using PSO algorithm. The optimised weighting gains were then scheduled into the proposed Model predictive Controller via a look-up table strategy. In this work, the proposed adaptive MPC controller was designed by using the linearization of the 7 degree-of-freedom (DOF) non-linear vehicle model. Here, the linearized model for controller design was update based on the instantaneous longitudinal speed of the vehicle system plant.