bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pugilism in Petticoats: Women and Prize-Fighting in Victorian Britain
Authors: Di Méo Grace 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Prize-fighting culture in the Victorian period was a male-dominated arena. As such, women’s involvement in pugilism – save for their role as spectators – has been largely overlooked by historians. This article casts light on the neglected experiences of nineteenth-century female prize-fighters, drawing attention to the ways in which women engaged in pugilism as well as the methods used by reporters, police officers and magistrates to shape public perceptions of female violence. It is argued that female prize-fighters received an overwhelmingly hostile reception, their very involvement in the masculine fighting environment resonating with contemporary anxieties over public immorality, violent crime, and the emergent movement for women’s emancipation.
A logic of interactive proofs
Authors: Lehnherr David , Ognjanović Zoran , Studer Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We introduce the probabilistic two-agent justification logic $\textsf {IPJ}$, a logic in which we can reason about agents that perform interactive proofs. In order to study the growth rate of the probabilities in $\textsf {IPJ}$, we present a new method of parametrizing $\textsf {IPJ}$ over certain negligible functions. Further, our approach leads to a new notion of zero-knowledge proofs.
Strict computability models over categories and presheaves
Authors: Petrakis Iosif 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Generalizing slightly the notions of a strict computability model and of a simulation between them, which were elaborated by Longley and Normann (2015, Higher-Order Computability), we define canonical strict computability models over certain categories and appropriate presheaves on them. We study the canonical total computability model over a category $\mathcal {C}$ and a covariant presheaf on $\mathcal {C}$ and the canonical partial computability model over a category $\mathcal {C}$ with pullbacks and a pullback preserving, covariant presheaf on $\mathcal {C}$. These strict computability models are shown to be special cases of a strict computability model over a category $\mathcal {C}$ with a so-called base of computability and a pullback preserving, covariant presheaf on $\mathcal {C}$, connecting in this way Rosolini’s theory of dominions with the theory of computability models. All our notions and results are dualized by considering certain (contravariant) presheaves on appropriate categories.
The chemical abundance pattern of the extremely metal-poor thin disc star 2MASS J1808−5104 and its origins
Authors: Mardini Mohammad K , Frebel Anna , Ezzeddine Rana , Chiti Anirudh , Meiron Yohai , Ji Alexander P , Placco Vinicius M , Roederer Ian U , Meléndez Jorge 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a high-resolution (R ∼ 35 000), high signal-to-noise (S/N = 350) Magellan/MIKE spectrum of the bright extremely metal-poor star 2MASS J1808−5104. We find [Fe/H] = −4.01 (spectroscopic LTE stellar parameters), [Fe/H] = −3.8 (photometric stellar parameters), and [Fe/H] = −3.7 (spectroscopic NLTE stellar parameters). We measured a carbon-to-iron ratio of [C/Fe] = 0.38 from the CH G-band. J1808−5104 is thus not carbon-enhanced, contrary to many other stars with similarly low-iron abundances. We also determine, for the first time, a barium abundance ([Ba/Fe] = −0.78), and obtain a significantly reduced upper limit for the nitrogen abundance ([N/Fe] &lt; −0.2). For its [Ba/Fe] abundance, J1808−5104 has a lower [Sr/Ba] ratio compared to other stars, consistent with behaviour of stars in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. We also fit the abundance pattern of J1808−5104 with nucleosynthesis yields from a grid of Population III supernova models. There is a good fit to the abundance pattern that suggests J1808−5104 originated from gas enriched by a single massive supernova with a high explosion energy of E = 10 × 1051 erg and a progenitor stellar mass of M = 29.5 M⊙. Interestingly, J1808−5104 is a member of the Galactic thin disc, as confirmed by our detailed kinematic analysis and calculated stellar actions and velocities. Finally, we also established the orbital history of J1808−5104 using our time-dependent Galactic potential the ORIENT. J1808−5104 appears to have a stable quasi-circular orbit and been largely confined to the thin disc. This unique orbital history, the star’s very old age (∼13.5 Gyr), and the low [C/Fe] and [Sr/Ba] ratios suggest that J1808−5104 may have formed at the earliest epoch of the hierarchical assembly of the Milky Way, and it is most likely associated with the primordial thin disc.
Tracing Bai-Yue Ancestry in Aboriginal Li People on Hainan Island
Authors: Chen Hao , Lin Rong , Lu Yan , Zhang Rui , Gao Yang , He Yungang , Xu Shuhua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As the most prevalent aboriginal group on Hainan Island located between South China and the mainland of Southeast Asia, the Li people are believed to preserve some unique genetic information due to their isolated circumstances, although this has been largely uninvestigated. We performed the first whole-genome sequencing of 55 Hainan Li (HNL) individuals with high coverage (∼30–50×) to gain insight into their genetic history and potential adaptations. We identified the ancestry enriched in HNL (∼85%) is well preserved in present-day Tai-Kadai speakers residing in South China and North Vietnam, that is, Bai-Yue populations. A lack of admixture signature due to the geographical restriction exacerbated the bottleneck in the present-day HNL. The genetic divergence among Bai-Yue populations began ∼4,000–3,000 years ago when the proto-HNL underwent migration and the settling of Hainan Island. Finally, we identified signatures of positive selection in the HNL, some outstanding examples included FADS1 and FADS2 related to a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, we observed that malaria-driven selection had occurred in the HNL, with population-specific variants of malaria-related genes (e.g., CR1) present. Interestingly, HNL harbors a high prevalence of malaria leveraged gene variants related to hematopoietic function (e.g., CD3G) that may explain the high incidence of blood disorders such as B-cell lymphomas in the present-day HNL. The results have advanced our understanding of the genetic history of the Bai-Yue populations and have provided new insights into the adaptive scenarios of the Li people.
Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD): update 2023
Authors: Davis Allan Peter , Wiegers Thomas C , Johnson Robin J , Sciaky Daniela , Wiegers Jolene , Mattingly Carolyn J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD; http://ctdbase.org/) harmonizes cross-species heterogeneous data for chemical exposures and their biological repercussions by manually curating and interrelating chemical, gene, phenotype, anatomy, disease, taxa, and exposure content from the published literature. This curated information is integrated to generate inferences, providing potential molecular mediators to develop testable hypotheses and fill in knowledge gaps for environmental health. This dual nature, acting as both a knowledgebase and a discoverybase, makes CTD a unique resource for the scientific community. Here, we report a 20% increase in overall CTD content for 17 100 chemicals, 54 300 genes, 6100 phenotypes, 7270 diseases and 202 000 exposure statements. We also present CTD Tetramers, a novel tool that computationally generates four-unit information blocks connecting a chemical, gene, phenotype, and disease to construct potential molecular mechanistic pathways. Finally, we integrate terms for human biological media used in the CTD Exposure module to corresponding CTD Anatomy pages, allowing users to survey the chemical profiles for any tissue-of-interest and see how these environmental biomarkers are related to phenotypes for any anatomical site. These, and other webpage visual enhancements, continue to promote CTD as a practical, user-friendly, and innovative resource for finding information and generating testable hypotheses about environmental health.
Association of Non-Cigarette Tobacco Advertisements and Racial Discrimination With Non-Cigarette Tobacco Product Use Among Black Adults
Authors: Jackson Asti , Fleischli Mary E , Haeny Angela M , Rose Shyanika W , Fagan Pebbles , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra , Gerrard Meg , Gibbons Frederick X 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionBlack communities are targeted by more cigarette advertisements than White communities and racial discrimination among Black people is related to cigarette use. However, little is known about these factors with non-cigarette tobacco product use among Black adults. Therefore, this study assessed the association of non-cigarette advertisement exposure and racial discrimination with use of non-cigarette tobacco products among Black adults.Aims and MethodsBlack adults (n = 533) from The Family and Community Health Study in 2016 were asked if they had seen advertisements for e-cigarettes, snus pouches, filtered cigars, large cigars, cigarillos, dissolvable tobacco, smokeless tobacco, hookah, and tobacco pipe and if they used these in the past month. For products with the highest past month use and significant correlations with advertisement exposure, separate logistic regression models were performed that evaluated the association between advertisement exposure, racial discrimination, and non-cigarette tobacco product use while controlling for cigarette use, sex, socioeconomic status, and age.ResultsUse of cigarillos, large cigars, and hookah were higher than other non-cigarette tobacco products assessed. Logistic regressions revealed that more advertisement exposure in the past month was associated with higher odds of using cigarillos, large cigars, and hookah (p &lt; .01). More experiences of racial discrimination were associated with past month cigarillo use, but not hookah or large cigars (p &lt; .01).ConclusionsNon-cigarette tobacco advertisement exposure was associated with the use of non-cigarette tobacco products. Experiences of racial discrimination were associated with the most used non-cigarette tobacco product among Black adults, cigarillos.ImplicationsThis is the first time that a specific type of cigar (ie cigarillos) has been associated with experiences of racial discrimination among Black adults. Efforts to reduce non-cigarette tobacco marketing and eradicate exposure to racial discrimination among Black adults may aid in eliminating tobacco-related health disparities.
Financial Oversight Boards in the U.S. Federal System: Insights from the Puerto Rican Debt Crisis
Authors: López-Santana Mariely 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent fiscal crises in Detroit and Puerto Rico have brought Financial Oversight Boards (FOBs) to the forefront. In spite of these developments, there is a notable gap in the literature as social scientists have barely studied this type of oversight organization and its implications. This article highlights intergovernmental and political dynamics that arise with the imposition of FOBs in localities facing fiscal distress by studying the case of the Puerto Rican FOB, commonly known as la junta. By focusing on the governance of the largest debt restructuring in the history of the U.S. bond market, in the context of a newly established territorial bankruptcy regime, this article explores how the presence of the Puerto Rican FOB has been linked to contentious dynamics that challenge local autonomy and democratic principles. By analyzing a variety of legal cases, this article shows how the creation of the Puerto Rican FOB has also put into question the foundations of the unincorporated territory’s self-governance status.
Missed Opportunities for HIV and Hepatitis C Screening Among Emergency Department Patients With Untreated Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Lyons Michael S. , Chawarski Marek C. , Rothman Richard , Whiteside Lauren , Cowan Ethan , Richardson Lynne D. , Hawk Kathryn , Tsui Judith I. , Schwartz Robert P. , O’Connor Patrick , D’Onofrio Gail , Fiellin David A. , Edelman E. Jennifer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
We assessed the frequency of emergency department (ED) HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) screening in a high-risk cohort of ED patients with untreated opioid use disorder (OUD).

Methods
This analysis used data from a prospective, observational study of English-speaking adults with untreated OUD enrolled from April 2017 to December 2018 in 4 urban, academic EDs. Two cohorts were defined for this analysis by self-reported negative/unknown status for HIV (cohort 1) and HCV (cohort 2). Sites featured structured screening programs throughout the entire enrollment period for HIV and during at least part of the enrollment period for HCV. We calculated the proportion tested for HIV and HCV during the study enrollment ED visit.

Results
Among 394 evaluated ED patients, 328 of 394 (83.2%) were not tested for HIV or HCV and 244 of 393 (62.1%) lacked a usual medical care provider. In cohort 1, 375 reported negative or unknown HIV status; 59/375 (15.7%) overall and 33/218 (15.1%) of those reporting recent injection drug use were tested for HIV. In cohort 2, 231 reported negative of unknown HCV status; 22/231 (9.5%) overall and 9/98 (9.2%) of those reporting recent injection drug use were tested for HCV. The proportion tested by the ED ranged from 3% to 25% for HIV and 4% to 32% for HCV across study sites.

Conclusions
Emergency department HIV and HCV screening remains infrequent among patients with untreated OUD, including those who inject drugs, even in EDs committed to screening. Targeted HIV/HCV screening should be considered as an adjunct strategy until the ideal of universal screening is more fully achieved.
Experiences from the adverse drug event manager
Authors: Horwitz Henrik , Olsen Rasmus H. , von Osmanski Benedikte I. , Solem Espen J. 
Published: September 2022

Summary
The current report briefly summarizes the experiences and statistics of the Adverse Drug Event Manager (ADEM) covering the Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark, during the period 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2020. During this 8-year period, the ADEM function has reported a total of 4262 adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to the Danish Medicines Agency, and of these, 141 had a fatal outcome (3.3%). The most commonly reported drugs were vaccines, antihypertensive agents, anticoagulants, and antiosteoporosis drugs. Fatal ADRs were predominantly related to anticoagulants. In 2020, the ADEM reported more than two-thirds of all ADRs for the Health Professionals in the Capital Region of Denmark. In addition to reporting ADRs, the ADEM has also had an extensive teaching and research activity and published a considerable number of studies on drug safety.
The Modernization of Clozapine
Authors: Leung Jonathan G. , de Leon Jose , Frye Mark A. , Singh Balwinder , Cotes Robert O. , McElroy Susan L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Although clozapine was Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved more than 3 decades ago, major barriers and gaps in knowledge continue to prevent its effective and safe use. We review modern-day problems encountered with clozapine in the United States (US).

Methods
Information surrounding current administrative, clinical, research, and technological gaps or barriers related to clozapine use in the US was reviewed.

Findings
The history of how clozapine became FDA approved likely contributes to gaps in knowledge. The frequency of safety warnings added to the FDA prescribing information may add to fears about clozapine, as evidence by numerous published survey studies. The clozapine Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program has been modified several times in the last decade, causing access and safety issues for patients, which are discussed. Evidence may suggest that the FDA REMS requirements for hematologic monitoring are too cumbersome, and there may be ability to safely loosen requirements. The COVID-19 pandemic brought forth the ability for extended interval monitoring but also greater awareness of the clozapine-inflammation interaction. Newer guidelines published describe considerations in personalizing clozapine titration based on principles of ethnopsychopharmacology. Emerging technologies to support the use of clozapine are not widely available.

Implications
Clozapine is a unique life-saving drug but it is underused in the US, despite its established efficacy. The 2021 REMS changes led to significant difficulties for providers and patients. We highlight the importance of the clozapine-inflammation interaction, therapeutic drug monitoring, and the ability for individual care based on patient-specific factors. There is an urgent need for advancing technology used for clozapine monitoring, evaluating barriers created by REMS, and establishing consistent practices throughout the US.
Quality of Life and Its Association With HIV-Related Stigma Among People Living With HIV in Kerman, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Malekmohammadi Neda , Khezri Mehrdad , Rafiee Rad Ali Ahmad , Iranpour Abedin , Ghalekhani Nima , Shafiei bafti Mehdi , Zolala Farzaneh , Sharifi Hamid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) and its association with HIV-related stigma among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Kerman province, southeast Iran. A convenience sample of 104 PLHIV was recruited. Data on QoL were collected using the HIV/AIDS-Targeted QoL instrument. Internal and external stigma were measured using an instrument developed by UNAIDS. The average QoL score was 52.5 (SD =13.9). In multivariable model, PLHIV who experienced higher external stigma score (B = −1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.6 to −1.1) and higher internal stigma score (B = −1.1; 95% CI: −1.5 to −0.6) had lower level of QoL. The low level of QoL among PLHIV in Iran indicates the need for initiatives to increase QoL among this population. Our data suggest that QoL in PLHIV could be improved by interventions aimed at reducing stigma in both community and health care settings.
An Adolescent's Motivation to Pursue Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Garcia Mayra G. , Watt Jennifer L. , Six-Means Amy 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Childhood obesity has become a significant cause for concern in pediatric health care. Adolescents seek medical care for guidance in the treatment of obesity and comorbidities. Bariatric surgery has become a treatment option for adolescents with obesity. There is a limited understanding of an adolescent's decision to pursue bariatric surgery. The objective of this meta-aggregation review is to identify what is known about the motivations of adolescents to pursue bariatric surgery.

Methods
Studies were considered if they included adolescents 12–20 years old who have had or are considering bariatric weight loss surgery in all healthcare settings. Using a three-step search approach, published studies were identified in this meta-aggregation review. Each study was appraised by two independent reviewers using the John Hopkins Evidence Level Quality Guide. Synthesized findings were identified.

Results
Fifty-seven unequivocal findings were extracted from six studies and placed into six categories. These categories were further compiled into three synthesized findings. Findings indicate that adolescent bariatric patients need an external stimulus for surgery and are often motivated by the right time for surgery, as a last resort, and with external support. Motivators for surgery also included a desire for a healthy life and to reach personal goals. Negative body image and self-esteem as well as a desire for social acceptance are other motivators for surgery. Three synthesized themes identified were stimulus for surgery, sense of self, and healthy life.

Conclusions
Adolescent bariatric surgery is a growing treatment option offered to adolescents with obesity. Little is written about the motivations of adolescents seeking bariatric surgery, and it is not well researched. Further research involving qualitative work with adolescents with obesity who are considering bariatric surgery should be conducted.
Fundamental drivers of nurses’ experiences of ICU surging during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Endacott Ruth , Blot Stijn 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Nurses working in intensive care units have been heavily impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This review summarizes the current state of the evidence regarding intensive care nurses experience of the pandemic.

Recent findings
The pandemic has had an impact on: nursing workload, the organization of nurse staffing, experiences of staff redeployed into ICU, nurses’ perceptions of the safety and quality of patient care, and staff health. In the few comparative studies, mental health was worse for nurses than other healthcare workers in intensive care. Despite some of this evidence being published early in the pandemic, no studies were found to evaluate interventions to improve nurses’ experiences.

Summary implications for practice or research
Many of the adverse impacts of the pandemic are interdependent; for example, reducing nurses’ workload is likely to have benefits for mental health indicators.
Adverse mental health outcomes are likely to have an impact on future recruitment and retention for intensive care nursing.
More studies are needed to understand the longer term impact of the pandemic on intensive care nurses.
Healthspan Extension through Innovative Genetic Medicines
Authors: Garcia Henry , Brown Douglas , Scholz Matthew , Lewis John D. 
Published: September 2022

Summary:
Genetic medicine has emerged as an innovative class of therapeutics, allowing the development of new and powerful approaches to address a myriad of diseases that were previously untreatable. At the same time, our improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying aging has created novel opportunities to intervene therapeutically in the aging process itself through the targeting of key pathways driving this process. As individuals age, the onset of a multitude of age-related diseases can significantly impact lifespan. The ultimate goal of their treatment is the maximization of healthy, disease-free years, or healthspan. Here, we discuss a number of promising genetic medicine approaches to target both general and specific mechanisms of age-related disease, and their potential impact on healthspan extension. Essential to this topic is the challenge of nucleic acid delivery, and we discuss the technologies that have been developed to address this challenge in highly promising preclinical and clinical development efforts. In particular, we describe a next-generation delivery technology for healthspan applications called proteo-lipid vehicles.