bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N-acetylglucosamine-bearing polymers mimicking O-GlcNAc-modified proteins elicit anti-fibrotic activities in myofibroblasts and activated stellate cells
Authors: Ise Hirohiko , Araki Yusaku , Song Inu , Akatsuka Gen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-modified proteins are post-translationally modified with GlcNAc conjugated to serine and threonine residues. This modification is associated with various physiological functions such as serine and threonine phosphorylation and Notch signaling. Here, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAc-modified proteins leaked from dead cells and GlcNAc-bearing polymers mimicking the multivalent GlcNAc moiety of these proteins induced anti-fibrotic activities, such as the suppression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen and the induction of matrix metalloprotease 1 in myofibroblasts. We have previously reported that O-GlcNAc-modified proteins and GlcNAc-bearing polymers could interact with cell surface vimentin and desmin. In the current study, it was demonstrated that a multivalent GlcNAc moiety structure of these molecules activated PI3K/Akt and p38MAPK pathway and elicited these anti-fibrotic activities in myofibroblasts by interacting with cell surface vimentin. Since the interaction of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins with desmin was observed in the fibrotic liver of carbon tetrachloride-treated mice via an in situ proximity ligation assay, it was assumed that the activated stellate cells could bind to the O-GlcNAc-modified proteins from the damaged hepatocytes. In addition, the administration of anti-O-GlcNAc antibody to inhibit the interaction exacerbated liver fibrosis in the mice. Moreover, administration of the GlcNAc-bearing polymers into carbon tetrachloride-treated mice could ameliorate liver fibrosis. Thus, O-GlcNAc-modified proteins leaked from dead cells can interact with myofibroblasts and activated stellate cells and function as fibrosis suppressors. Moreover, we anticipate that GlcNAc-bearing polymers mimicking O-GlcNAc-modified proteins will be applied as novel therapeutic tools for fibrosis.
Introducing video consultations at public sexual health clinics in the Netherlands: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Zimbile Filippo , David Silke , Daemen Maud , Goossens Anne , Creemers Josien , Crutzen Rik 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Video consultations (in combination with remote STI testing) can benefit both public sexual health clinics (SHCs) and their clients. The Dutch public SHCs explored the extent to which video consultations are accepted and appreciated—compared to face-to-face consultations—by both young clients (under 25 years) and nurses who normally carry out consultations. A mixed-methods study, using online questionnaires and telephone interviews with both young clients (aged under 25 years) and nurses (focus groups), was conducted to evaluate acceptance and appreciation of video and face-to-face consultations of the SHCs. Young clients evaluated 333 video consultations and 100 face-to-face consultations. Clients rated the VCs and F2F consultations as being of equal high level on five evaluation criteria (e.g. how it feels to talk about sex with a nurse, contact with the nurse). These positive results were confirmed in the interviews. Most important perceived advantages of VCs were time saving, ease, and feelings of comfort and safety. The nurses evaluated 422 VCs and 120 F2F consultations, rating the VCs and F2F consultations on an equal high level on three evaluation criteria (e.g., contact with the client, possibility to continue asking questions). Increasing accessibility of SHC consultations, getting faster to the point and saving time were mentioned as advantages of VCs during the focus group sessions with nurses. Video consultations are accepted and appreciated by young clients and nurses. They can be used for standard STI consultations that do not require a physical examination.
Is empowerment in sexual health measurable? A scoping review of definitions and measurement indicators
Authors: Coulibaly Karna , Gosselin Anne , Carillon Séverine , Ravalihasy Andrainolo , Melchior Maria , Ridde Valéry , Desgrées du Loû Annabel 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe concept of empowerment in sexual health is widely used in health promotion. This scoping review aims to identify how it is defined and measured. PubMed, Sage Journals, PsycInfo and the Web of Science are data sources. The inclusion criteria for studies were as follows: (1) an analysis of empowerment in sexual health, (2) quantitative evaluation and (3) publication in a peer-reviewed journal in French or English since January 1996. Data were extracted using a summary table of the definitions and indicators of empowerment in sexual health. Of the 2181 articles found, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Only 4 studies on 29 clearly defined empowerment in sexual health. Five dimensions emerged from the indicators used in the 29 studies in relation to sexual empowerment (social participation, participation in decision making, power to act, sexual health knowledge and gender norms), with two types of indicators: indicators unspecific to sexual health, which can be viewed as empowerment basic skills, and indicators specific to sexual health. Most studies concerned women and focused on individual empowerment, with a lack of measure of collective and structural levels of empowerment. Despite great heterogeneity in the definitions and indicators used, a set of core indicators emerged: participation in decision making, sexual negotiation power and sexual communication skills, knowledge and use of contraceptive methods, and HIV and sexually transmitted infections risk perception. This set could be systematically used in each study based on sexual empowerment concept, completed by supplementary indicators considering the specific context.
Socio-demographic inequalities and excess non-COVID-19 mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a data-driven analysis of 1 069 174 death certificates in Mexico
Authors: Antonio-Villa Neftali Eduardo , Bello-Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen , Fermín-Martínez Carlos A , Aburto José Manuel , Fernández-Chirino Luisa , Ramírez-García Daniel , Pisanty-Alatorre Julio , González-Díaz Armando , Vargas-Vázquez Arsenio , Barquera Simón , Gutiérrez-Robledo Luis Miguel , Seiglie Jacqueline A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
In 2020, Mexico experienced one of the highest rates of excess mortality globally. However, the extent of non-COVID deaths on excess mortality, its regional distribution and the association between socio-demographic inequalities have not been characterized.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective municipal and individual-level study using 1 069 174 death certificates to analyse COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 deaths classified by ICD-10 codes. Excess mortality was estimated as the increase in cause-specific mortality in 2020 compared with the average of 2015–2019, disaggregated by primary cause of death, death setting (in-hospital and out-of-hospital) and geographical location. Correlates of individual and municipal non-COVID-19 mortality were assessed using mixed effects logistic regression and negative binomial regression models, respectively.

Results
We identified a 51% higher mortality rate (276.11 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants) compared with the 2015–2019 average period, largely attributable to COVID-19. Non-COVID-19 causes comprised one-fifth of excess deaths, with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes as the two leading non-COVID-19 causes of excess mortality. COVID-19 deaths occurred primarily in-hospital, whereas excess non-COVID-19 deaths occurred in out-of-hospital settings. Municipal-level predictors of non-COVID-19 excess mortality included levels of social security coverage, higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalization and social marginalization. At the individual level, lower educational attainment, blue-collar employment and lack of medical care assistance prior to death were associated with non-COVID-19 deaths.

Conclusion
Non-COVID-19 causes of death, largely chronic cardiometabolic conditions, comprised up to one-fifth of excess deaths in Mexico during 2020. Non-COVID-19 excess deaths occurred disproportionately out-of-hospital and were associated with both individual- and municipal-level socio-demographic inequalities.
Personalized tobramycin dosing in children with cystic fibrosis: a comparative clinical evaluation of log-linear and Bayesian methods
Authors: Imani Sahand , Fitzgerald Dominic A , Robinson Paul D , Selvadurai Hiran , Sandaradura Indy , Lai Tony 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary exacerbations receive IV tobramycin therapy, with dosing guided by either log-linear regression (LLR) or Bayesian forecasting (BF).

Objectives
To compare clinical and performance outcomes for LLR and BF.

Patients and methods
A quasi-experimental intervention study was conducted at a tertiary children’s hospital. Electronic medical records were extracted (from January 2015 to September 2021) to establish a database consisting of pre-intervention (LLR) and post-intervention (BF) patient admissions and relevant outcomes. All consecutive patients treated with IV tobramycin for CF pulmonary exacerbations guided by either LLR or BF were eligible.

Results
A total of 376 hospital admissions (LLR = 248, BF = 128) for CF pulmonary exacerbations were included. Patient demographics were similar between cohorts. There were no significant differences found in overall hospital length of stay, rates of re-admission within 1 month of discharge or change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (Δ FEV1) at the end of tobramycin treatment. Patients treated with LLR on average had twice the number of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) blood samples collected during a single hospital admission. The timeframe for blood sampling was more flexible with BF, with TDM samples collected up to 16 h post-tobramycin dose compared with 10 h for LLR. The tobramycin AUC0–24 target of ≥100 mg/L·h was more frequently attained using BF (72%; 92/128) compared with LLR (50%; 124/248) (P &lt; 0.001). Incidence of acute kidney injury was rare in both groups.

Conclusions
LLR and BF result in comparable clinical outcomes. However, BF can significantly reduce the number of blood collections required during each admission, improve dosing accuracy, and provide more reliable target concentration attainment in CF children.
Using electronic health record audit log data for research: insights from early efforts
Authors: Kannampallil Thomas , Adler-Milstein Julia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Electronic health record audit logs capture a time-sequenced record of clinician activities while using the system. Audit log data therefore facilitate unobtrusive measurement at scale of clinical work activities and workflow as well as derivative, behavioral proxies (eg, teamwork). Given its considerable research potential, studies leveraging these data have burgeoned. As the field has matured, the challenges of using the data to answer significant research questions have come into focus. In this Perspective, we draw on our research experiences and insights from the broader audit log literature to advance audit log research. Specifically, we make 2 complementary recommendations that would facilitate substantial progress toward audit log-based measures that are: (1) transparent and validated, (2) standardized to allow for multisite studies, (3) sensitive to meaningful variability, (4) broader in scope to capture key aspects of clinical work including teamwork and coordination, and (5) linked to patient and clinical outcomes.
3M™ Petrifilm Yeast and Mold Count Plate for the Enumeration of Yeasts and Molds in Dried Cannabis Flower: AOACOfficial MethodSM 997.02
Authors: Schumacher April , Lingle Cari , Silbernagel Karen M 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe 3M™ Petrifilm™ Yeast and Mold (YM) Count Plate is a sample-ready culture medium system that contains nutrients supplemented with antibiotics, a cold-water-soluble gelling agent, and an indicator system that facilitates yeast and mold enumeration.ObjectiveThe 3M Petrifilm YM Plate was validated for enumeration of yeast and mold in dried cannabis flower through the AOAC Emergency Response Validation process.MethodsThe performance of the 3M Petrifilm YM Plate was compared to that of Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar. Matrix data were normalized by log10 transformation, and performance indicators included repeatability, difference of means, and inclusivity/exclusivity.ResultsThese studies demonstrated that the 3M Petrifilm YM Plate method detects and enumerates yeasts and molds from cannabis flower at low, medium, and high contamination levels, and the average log counts at 20–25°C for 5 days were equivalent to the average log counts of the DRBC reference method. In strain studies, 59 out of 60 yeasts and molds produced typical colony morphology on 3M Petrifilm YM Plates. Of the nontarget bacterial strains tested, 38 out of 39 strains were not detected on 3M Petrifilm YM Plates.ConclusionsThe 3M Petrifilm YM Plate is a reliable method for the enumeration of live yeast and mold in dried cannabis flower.HighlightsThe 3M Petrifilm YM Plate allows for detection of yeast and mold within 5 days of incubation. The sample-ready plates can be incubated at 20–25°C and can be stacked up to 20 plates, thus providing user flexibility and saving incubator space.
Floseal-induced small bowel obstruction
Authors: Ashraf Hamza , Low Nicholas , Spiro Calista , Keong Benjamin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Floseal is a haemostatic agent designed to augment the body’s natural clotting cascade response. We describe the first case in over a decade, and the first case with intra-operative images of early post-operative small bowel obstruction (SBO) associated with Floseal use in general surgery. A previously well man in his 30s underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy for clinical acute appendicitis. Floseal was applied to the right lateral abdominal wall for haemostasis. He developed a mechanical SBO, with diagnostic laparoscopy confirming a transition point between the caecum and terminal ileum, adherent to the area of the previously applied Floseal. He underwent adhesiolysis and uneventful recovery. We propose Floseal may exacerbate early post-operative inflammation and provide a nidus for early adhesion formation. We recommend removing excess Floseal not incorporated in the haemostatic clot and to consider Floseal as a differential in early post-operative SBO.
Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a Zenker diverticulum
Authors: Polit Francesca , Bahmad Hisham F , Wahi Jessica , Deb Arunima , Newsome Kevin , Howard Lydia , Poppiti Robert , Ben-David Kfir , Alghamdi Sarah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in a Zenker diverticulum (ZD) is an extremely rare entity. Approximately 50 cases have been reported worldwide. We report a case of a 74-year-old man who presented to our institution with chronic regurgitation, dysphagia and halitosis. The patient was initially seen in 2015 at which point he reported a 10-year history of these symptoms and was diagnosed with ZD. A barium swallow was done revealing a large posterior esophageal diverticulum with significant residual contrast within the diverticulum lumen. Given these findings, he was taken for open surgical excision where a SCC was identified. Although it is extremely rare for a SCC to occur in a ZD, patients with ZD must undergo regular surveillance endoscopy of the esophagus and the diverticulum itself to identify any suspicious mass or lesion arising in within.
Urban environments have species-specific associations with invasive insect herbivores
Authors: Buenrostro Jacqueline H , Hufbauer Ruth A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUrban forests are critically important for providing ecosystem services to rapidly expanding urban populations, but their health is threatened by invasive insect herbivores. To protect urban forests against invasive insects and support future delivery of ecosystem services, we must first understand the factors that affect insect density across urban landscapes. This study explores how a variety of environmental factors that vary across urban habitats influence density of invasive insects. Specifically, we evaluate how vegetational complexity, distance to buildings, impervious surface, canopy temperature, host availability and density of co-occurring herbivores impact three invasive pests of elm trees: the elm leaf beetle (Xanthogaleruca luteola), the elm flea weevil (Orchestes steppensis) and the elm leafminer (Fenusa ulmi). Insect responses to these factors were species-specific, and all environmental factors were associated with density of at least one pest species except for distance to buildings. Elm leafminer density decreased with higher temperatures and was influenced by an interaction between vegetational complexity and impervious surface. Elm flea weevil density increased with greater host availability, and elm leaf beetle density increased with higher temperatures. Both elm leaf beetle and elm flea weevil density decreased with greater leafminer density, suggesting that insect density is mediated by species interactions. These findings can be used to inform urban pest management and tree care efforts, making urban forests more resilient in an era when globalization and climate change make them particularly vulnerable to attack.
Justification logic and type theory as formalizations of intuitionistic propositional logic
Authors: DeBoer Neil J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We explore two ways of formalizing Kreisel’s addendum to the Brouwer–Heyting–Kolmogorov interpretation. To do this, we compare Artemov’s justification logic with simply typed $\lambda $ calculus. First, we provide a completeness result for Kripke style semantics of the implicational fragment of the intuitionistic logic of proofs. Then we introduce a map from justification terms into $\lambda $ terms, which can be viewed as a method of extracting the computational content of the justification terms. Then we examine the interpretation of Kreisel’s addendum in justification logic along with the image of the resulting justification terms under our map.
Local Effect of Ballistic Fragments Embedded Along the Carotid Sheath of a Porcine Animal Model
Authors: Sarber Kathleen M , O’Connor Peter , Weitzel Erik K , Stevens Jayne , Aden James K , Breeze John 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Energized ballistic fragments from improvised explosive devices were the most common cause of injury to coalition service personnel during conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Surgical excision of retained fragments is not routinely performed unless there is a concern for injury to vital structures. However, no clear guidelines dictate when or if a fragment should be removed, reflecting a lack of objective evidence of their long-term effects. Using a porcine model, we aimed to evaluate changes to the carotid artery produced by retained fragments over time.

Materials and Methods
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval for all experiments was obtained before commencement of the study. Eighteen female swine (mean mass 62.0 ± 3.4 kg) were randomized into three study groups corresponding to the time of survival after implantation of ballistic fragments: 1, 6, and 12 weeks. Two animals from each group were randomly assigned to have one of the three different fragments implanted within the right carotid sheath in zones 1-3 of the neck. The left carotid served as the control. The vascular flow rate and arterial diameter were measured at each level before implantation and again after the survival interval. Baseline and interval angiograms were performed to identify gross vascular changes.

Results
No abnormalities were identified on baseline or interval angiograms. No significant difference was found when the baseline was compared to interval measurements or when compared to the control side for all gross and physiological measures at 1 and 6 weeks (P = .053-.855). After 12 weeks, the flow and diameter changed significantly (P &lt; .001-.03), but this significant change was found in both the control and affected carotid.

Conclusions
The lack of significant gross anatomical and physiological changes at 6 weeks postimplantation lends evidence toward the current policy that early removal of retained ballistic fragments around cervical vessels is not required. Changes were significant after 12 weeks which suggest that surveillance may be required; however, such changes could be explained by physiological animal growth.
Gift, Vanguard, and Intellectual Leadership
Authors: Townsend Gilkes Cheryl 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One of the important revolutions in sociology has been the “discovery” of gender. W. E. B. Du Bois’s sociology of gender is embedded in his writings about and on behalf of Black women. Focusing on the history of sociology, examples of Du Bois’s writings about Black women in The Philadelphia Negro, The Souls of Black Folk, Darkwater: Voices from Within the Veil, The Gift of Black Folk: The Negroes in the Making of America, and selected Crisis writings are examined in terms of his discussion of Black women and their implication for the overall emancipatory sociology that defines his work. The importance of reading through Du Bois’s masculinist language, which includes women in his discussions of “manhood,” is also stressed in order to show that Du Bois’s theories of history and social change depended on the “revolutions” embodied by African American women.
Du Bois, Social Psychology, and Survey Methods
Authors: Ray Rashawn , Genter Shaun , Bailey Jasmón 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter showcases the social psychology and survey methods of pioneering sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois. In the nineteenth century, most social psychological work either failed to address race or failed to utilize racism as a factor to explain racial disparities, or both. Accordingly, the social psychological premise underlying Du Bois’s work highlighted the fact that racist structures and historical events mediated the effects of racial stratification on attitudes, emotions, values, self-concepts, and behaviors. Du Bois’s contributions to the study of social structure and personality examined human behavior as a consequence of social conditions and institutional patterns grounded in processes of power. His groundbreaking social psychological research challenged racist ideologies, and his scholarship advanced the way we think about dimensions of the self as it intersects with prejudice and discrimination. Du Bois supplemented his theoretical suppositions on the Black plight, the urban environment, and the Black middle class with empirical research documenting systemic racism as the main culprit of racial inequality.
Ukrainian Wedding Rituals
Authors: Kononenko Natalie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Traditional Ukrainian village weddings are rites of passage that affect the young couple, their families, and the entire village. Rural Ukrainians live in close proximity to one another with fields fanning out from the occupied center, a pattern that produces involvement in neighbors’ lives. Traditional weddings begin with rites of courtship that involve all unmarried young women and men. The marriage ceremony itself lasts several days and has songs, gift exchanges, and processions aimed at cementing the union of the couple and easing tensions between the family that surrenders their daughter to a different household and the groom’s home that takes in a stranger. The entire village is invited to the wedding, and once the wedding is complete, villagers continue celebrating by staging a carnival. Modern urban weddings are more private affairs with a limited number of guests. Elements of Soviet civil weddings have been incorporated in cities and villages.