bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous low pH viral inactivation: Operation and scaling strategy informs viral clearance study
Authors: Brown Matthew , Godfrey Scott , Creasy Arch , Salm Jeffery , Fahrner Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA continuous viral inactivation (CVI) tubular reactor was designed for low pH viral inactivation within a continuous downstream system across multiple scales of operation. The reactors were designed to provide a minimum residence time of >60 min. The efficacy of this tubular reactor was tested with xenotropic murine leukemia virus (X‐MuLV) through pulse injection experiments. It was determined that the minimum residence time of the small‐scale reactor design, when operated at the target process flow rate, occurred between 63 and 67 min. Inactivation kinetics were compared between continuous operation and standard batch practices using three monoclonal antibodies. The quantification of the virus log reduction values (LRV) was similar between the two modes of operation and most of the acid‐treated samples had virus concentrations below the limit of detection. However, residual infectivity was still present in the endpoint batch samples of two experiments while the continuous samples always remained below the limit of detection. This provides the foundation for leveraging a standard batch‐based model to quantify the LRV for a CVI unit operation.
Integrated continuous biomanufacturing on pilot scale for acid‐sensitive monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Schwarz Hubert , Gomis‐Fons Joaquín , Isaksson Madelène , Scheffel Julia , Andersson Niklas , Andersson Andreas , Castan Andreas , Solbrand Anita , Hober Sophia , Nilsson Bernt , Chotteau Veronique 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrated the first, to our knowledge, integrated continuous bioprocess (ICB) designed for the production of acid‐sensitive monoclonal antibodies, prone to aggregate at low pH, on pilot scale. A high cell density perfusion culture, stably maintained at 100 × 106 cells/ml, was integrated with the downstream process, consisting of a capture step with the recently developed Protein A ligand, ZCa; a solvent/detergent‐based virus inactivation; and two ion‐exchange chromatography steps. The use of a mild pH in the downstream process makes this ICB suitable for the purification of acid‐sensitive monoclonal antibodies. Integration and automation of the downstream process were achieved using the Orbit software, and the same equipment and control system were used in initial small‐scale trials and the pilot‐scale downstream process. High recovery yields of around 90% and a productivity close to 1 g purified antibody/L/day were achieved, with a stable glycosylation pattern and efficient removal of impurities, such as host cell proteins and DNA. Finally, negligible levels of antibody aggregates were detected owing to the mild conditions used throughout the process. The present work paves the way for future industrial‐scale integrated continuous biomanufacturing of all types of antibodies, regardless of acid stability.
Municipal regulation of cannabis and public health in Canada: A comparison of Alberta, Ontario, and Québec
Authors: Gagnon François , Huynh Christophe , Kilborn Michelle , Fry Michelle , Vallée Rachel , Janezic Isidora 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCanada legalized nonmedical cannabis in October 2018, but significant variations in municipal regulations exist. This study explored the variations that exist and pondered their potential public health consequences. A comparative analysis was completed on the regulations and guidelines that addressed retailers' location and public consumption in the municipalities of Alberta, Ontario, and Québec. Municipal regulations that addressed the location of retailers were more numerous and extensive in Alberta and Ontario (in the context of provincial private retail models) than in Québec (government‐based model). Municipalities in Alberta added more restrictions to public consumption laws as compared to municipalities in Ontario and in Québec. These additions were made to Alberta's and Ontario's provincial‐level smoking and vaping bans which used tobacco‐inspired frameworks, and to Québec's ban on smoking and vaping in all public spaces. The comparative analysis showed the importance of considering municipal cannabis regulations when studying the impact of legalization, given the significant variations that exist. Policy makers should be made aware of these variations in the regulation of cannabis in order to limit health harms and further social inequalities.
Characterization of coagulopathy and outcomes in cancer patients with severe COVID ‐19 illness: Longitudinal changes in hospitalized cancer patients
Authors: Madani Mahsa , Goldstein Drew , Stefanescu Roxana , Woodman Scott E. , Rojas‐Hernandez Cristhiam M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is a lack of data focused on the specific coagulopathic derangements in COVID‐19 versus non‐COVID‐19 acutely ill cancer patients. Our objective was to characterize features of coagulopathy in cancer patients with active COVID‐19 illness who required hospitalization at MD Anderson in the Texas Medical Center and to correlate those features with thrombotic complications, critical illness, and mortality within the first 30 days after hospital admission for COVID‐19 illness. COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 hospitalized cancer patients, with at least five consecutive measures of PT, PTT, d‐dimer, and CBC during the same period, were matched 1:1 to perform a retrospective analysis. We reviewed complete blood cell counts with differential, PT, PTT, fibrinogen, D‐Dimer, serum ferritin, IL‐6, CRP, and peripheral blood smears. Clinical outcomes were thrombosis, mechanical ventilation, critical illness, and death. Compared with matched hospitalized cancer patients without COVID‐19, we found elevated neutrophil and lower lymphocyte counts in those with critical illness ( p = 0.00) or death ( p = 0.00); only neutrophils correlated with thrombosis. COVID‐19 cancer patients with a platelet count decline during the hospital stay had more frequent critical illness ( p = 0.00) and fatal outcomes ( p = 0.00). Of the inflammatory markers, interleukin‐6 showed consistently higher levels in the COVID‐19 patients with poor outcomes. The findings of unique platelet changes and coagulopathy during severe COVID‐19 illness in the cancer population are of interest to explore disease mechanisms and future risk stratification strategies to help with the management of cancer patients with COVID‐19.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 on Au Electrocatalysts in a Zero‐Gap, Half‐Cell Gas Diffusion Electrode Setup: a Systematic Performance Evaluation and Comparison to an H‐cell Setup**
Authors: Alinejad Shima , Quinson Jonathan , Wiberg Gustav K. H. , Schlegel Nicolas , Zhang Damin , Li Yao , Reichenberger Sven , Barcikowski Stephan , Arenz Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on H‐cell measurements, gold (Au) is one of the most selective catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to CO. To ensure a high dispersion, typically small Au nanoparticles (NPs) are used as a catalyst. However, the preparation of small Au NPs based on conventional synthesis methods often requires the use of surfactants such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Here, a systematic evaluation of the performance of laser‐generated, surfactant‐free Au NPs for the CO2RR in a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setup was presented and the results were compared to investigations in an H‐cell configuration. The GDE setup supplied a continuous CO2 stream at the electrode‐electrolyte interface to circumvent CO2 mass transport limitations encountered in conventional H‐cells. The influence of the catalyst loading and the effect of PVP were investigated. By comparing the two screening methods, that is GDE and H‐cell measurements, it was shown that the performance of the same catalyst could be substantially different in the two environments. In the GDE setup without liquid electrolyte‐catalyst interface a higher reaction rate, but lower faradaic efficiency was determined. Independent of the setup, the presence of PVP favoured the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, in the GDE setup PVP was more detrimental for the performance than in the H‐cell.
Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formate in Methanol Solutions by Mn‐Functionalized Electrodes in the Presence of Amines**
Authors: Stuardi Francesca Marocco , Tiozzo Arianna , Rotundo Laura , Leclaire Julien , Gobetto Roberto , Nervi Carlo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbon cloth electrode modified by covalently attaching a manganese organometallic catalyst is used as cathode for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in methanol solutions. Six different industrial amines are employed as co‐catalyst in millimolar concentrations to deliver a series of new reactive system. While such absorbents were so far believed to provide a CO2 reservoir and act as sacrificial proton source, we herein demonstrate that this role can be played by methanol, and that the adduct formed between CO2 and the amine can act as an effector or inhibitor toward the catalyst, thereby enhancing or reducing the production of formate. Pentamethyldiethylentriamine (PMDETA), identified as the best effector in our series, converts CO2 in wet methanolic solution into bisammonium bicarbonate. Computational studies revealed that this adduct is responsible for a barrierless transformation of CO2 to formate by the reduced form of the Mn catalyst covalently bonded to the electrode surface. As a consequence, selectivity can be switched on demand from CO to formate anion, and in the case of (PMDETA) an impressive TONHCOO− of 2.8×104 can be reached. This new valuable knowledge on an integrated capture and utilization system paves the way toward more efficient transformation of CO2 into liquid fuel.
Exploring the Reactivity of B‐Connected Carboranylphosphines in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry: A New Frame for a Classic System
Authors: Schulz Jan , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe primary phosphines MesPH2andtBuPH2react with 9‐iodo‐m‐carborane yielding B9‐connected secondary carboranylphosphines 1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PHR (R=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2(Mes;1 a),tBu (1 b)). Addition of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) to1 a,bresulted in the zwitterionic compounds 1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PHR(p‐C6F4)BF(C6F5)2(2 a,b) through nucleophilicparasubstitution of a C6F5ring followed by fluoride transfer to boron. Further reaction with Me2SiHCl prompted a H−F exchange yielding the zwitterionic compounds 1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PHR(p‐C6F4)BH(C6F5)2(3 a,b). The reaction of2 a,bwith one equivalent of R'MgBr (R’=Me, Ph) gave the extremely water‐sensitive frustrated Lewis pairs 1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PR(p‐C6F4)B(C6F5)2(4 a,b). Hydrolysis of the B−C6F4bond in4 a,bgave the first tertiaryB‐carboranyl phosphines with three distinct substituents, 1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PR(p‐C6F4H) (5 a,b). Deprotonation of the zwitterionic compounds2 a,band3 a,bformed anionic phosphines [1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PR(p‐C6F4)BX(C6F5)2]−[DMSOH]+(R=Mes, X=F (6 a), R=tBu, X=F (6 b); R=Mes, X=H (7 a), R=tBu, X=H (7 b)). Reaction of2 a,bwith an excess of Grignard reagents resulted in the addition of R’ at the boron atom yielding the anions [1,7‐H2C2B10H9‐9‐PR(p‐C6F4)BR’(C6F5)2]−(R=Mes, R’=Me (8 a), R=tBu, R’=Me (8 b); R=Mes, R’=Ph (9 a), R=tBu, R’=Ph (9 b)) with [MgBr(Et2O)n]+as counterion. The ability of the zwitterionic compounds3 a,bto hydrogenate imines as well as the Brønsted acidity of3 awere investigated.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Anionic Fries Rearrangement Promoted by Lithium Amides under Aerobic Conditions in Sustainable Reaction Media
Authors: Ghinato Simone , De Nardi Federica , Bolzoni Paola , Antenucci Achille , Blangetti Marco , Prandi Cristina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA straightforward and efficient protocol to promote the metalation/anionic Fries rearrangements of O‐aryl carbamates, using for the first time a lithium amide as metalating agent under aerobic/ambient‐friendly reaction conditions, is reported. This approach enables the sustainable preparation of salicylamide derivatives with high levels of chemoselectivity within ultrafast reaction times, working at room temperature in the presence of air/moisture, and using environmentally responsible cyclopentyl methyl ether as a solvent. Furthermore, the regioselective manipulation of O‐2‐tolyl carbamates has been accomplished using interchangeably alkyllithiums or lithium amides, with an unexpected beneficial contribution from the employment of biorenewable protic eutectic mixtures as non‐innocent reaction media.
Stereochemical switch driven by crystallization: Interplay between stoichiometry and configuration of the products
Authors: Čierna Michaela , Berkeš Dušan , Baran Peter , Šoral Michal , Kolarovič Andrej , Jakubec Pavol 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn intriguing example of a crystallization‐induced stereochemical switch in the configuration of aza‐Michael reaction products is described. Depending on both the stereochemical purity and stoichiometric ratio of the chiral amine used, the reaction delivers crystalline diastereomers of a different stereochemistry. The optically pure diastereomer smoothly converts to its racemic epimer salt upon the addition of a complementary chiral amine.
2D Homogeneous Holey Carbon Nitride: An Efficient Anode Material for Li‐ion Batteries With Ultrahigh Capacity
Authors: Ghosh Atish , Mandal Sampad , Sarkar Pranab 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn present day Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) is the most successful and widely used rechargeable batteries. The continuous effort is going on in finding suitable electrode material for LIBs for improved performance in terms of life‐time, storage capacity etc. Computational chemistry plays an important role in identifying suitable electrode materials through electronic structure calculation. By employing state of the art density functional theory we herein explored the electronic structure of homogeneous holey carbon nitride monolayers (CxN3, x=10,19) to understand its suitability as electrode material for rechargeable LIB. The monolayers have shown high negative adsorption energy for Li adsorption and more interestingly the band structure of monolayers reveal Dirac semimetallic character thus would exhibit high electronic conductivity. Meanwhile, monolithiation introduces metallicity in these monolayers. The calculated average open circuit voltages of the monolayers lie in the range of 0.45 to 0.09 V, which are typically observed in high performance anode materials. Moreover, these monolayers achieve ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity upto 2092.01 mAh/g and low diffusion barrier from 0.004 to 0.44 eV. Based on our computational study we suggest that, the CxN3 monolayers could be a promising anode material in search of low‐cost and high performance LIBs.
Perceived and ideal conflict cultures in academe: Creating the conflict cultures survey
Authors: Desrayaud Nathalie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFocusing on conflict at the organizational level, this study explores Conflict Culture Theory by (a) conceptualizing perceived and ideal conflict cultures, (b) creating and implementing the Conflict Cultures Survey, and (c) testing Gelfand, Leslie and Keller's (2008) proposed two‐dimensional model. Tenured and tenure‐track faculty at a large, American university (N = 346) completed the survey. Ideal conflict cultures varied little whereas perceived conflict cultures varied across departments, suggesting that ideal and perceived conflict cultures are distinct constructs. Multi‐level modeling and interrater agreement indices for the conflict culture variables provide evidence that conflict cultures exist and vary by department. Results supported the two‐dimensional model rather than one‐ or four‐dimensional models, suggesting that conflict cultures vary along two dimensions: agreeableness and activeness. Practical implications for Conflict Culture Theory and the Conflict Culture Survey include predicting job satisfaction and commitment, identifying bullying or workplace harassment norms, and establishing individual‐organizational fit.
Hydrogen Bond Interaction in the Trade‐Off Between Electrolyte Voltage Window and Supercapacitor Low‐Temperature Performances
Authors: Bu Yongfeng , Jiang Wenya , Liu Haitao , Xu Jiang , Deng Yilin , Sun Tao , Sun Lianshan , Liang Hongyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLiquid electrolyte determines the voltage window and extreme working temperature of supercapacitors. However, the effect of weak interaction between electrolyte species on voltage window and low‐temperature capacitive performance is unclear. Herein, an electrolyte model system with increasing H‐bond interaction was constructed to clarify this concern. The results indicated that strong H‐bond interaction was positively correlated with the number of hydroxyls, which was beneficial to expand voltage window, but deteriorated rate performance; weak H‐bond improved low‐temperature performance. Supercapacitors with an optimized electrolyte presented high voltage and good low‐temperature performance; even at −40 °C, the maximum energy density could be maintained at 7.0 Wh kg−1 (>80 % retention relative to at −20 °C). This study revealed the mechanism of the influence of the H‐bonds on electrolyte voltage window and anti‐freezing capability and provided a new insight for the design of electrolytes with both high working voltage and low‐temperature performance.
Nonisolated high step‐up DC‐DC interleaved SEPIC converter based on voltage multiplier cells
Authors: Salvador Thaís Carvalho , Tofoli Fernando Lessa , de Souza Oliveira Júnior Demercil , Ribeiro Enio Roberto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work presents a nonisolated high step‐up single‐ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) topology for high‐power, high‐current applications. The converter operation is based on the interleaving principle, and the active switches are driven by gating signals phase shifted by 180°, whereas automatic current sharing is achieved owing to an autotransformer with unity turns ratio. It is possible to extend the voltage gain employing voltage multiplier cells (VMCs) composed of diodes and capacitors. Prominent advantages of the structure include low current and voltage stresses on the semiconductors, inherent modularity, better thermal distribution, and reduced dimensions of the filter elements. A comprehensive theoretical analysis is derived, from which a 1‐kW prototype is designed and thoroughly evaluated.
Interacting effects of cold snaps, rain, and agriculture on the fledging success of a declining aerial insectivore
Authors: Garrett Daniel R. , Pelletier Fanie , Garant Dany , Bélisle Marc 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change predicts the increased frequency, duration, and intensity of inclement weather periods such as unseasonably low temperatures (i.e., cold snaps) and prolonged precipitation. Many migratory species have advanced the phenology of important life history stages and, as a result, are likely to be exposed to these periods of inclement spring weather more often, therefore risking reduced fitness and population growth. For declining avian species, including aerial insectivores, anthropogenic landscape changes such as agricultural intensification are another driver of population declines. These landscape changes may affect the foraging ability of food provisioning parents and reduce the survival of nestlings exposed to inclement weather through, for example, pesticide exposure impairing thermoregulation and punctual anorexia. Breeding in agro‐intensive landscapes may therefore exacerbate the negative effects of inclement weather under climate change. We observed that a significant reduction in the availability of insect prey occurred when daily maximum temperatures fell below 18.3°C, and thereby defined any day when the maximum temperature fell below this value as a day witnessing a cold snap. We then combined daily information on the occurrence of cold snaps and measures of precipitation to assess their impact on the fledging success of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) occupying a nest box system placed across a gradient of agricultural intensification. Estimated fledging success of this declining aerial insectivore was 36.2% lower for broods experiencing 4 cold‐snap days during the 12 days post‐hatching period versus broods experiencing none, and this relationship was worsened when facing more precipitation. We further found that the overall negative effects of a brood experiencing periods of inclement weather was exacerbated in more agro‐intensive landscapes. Our results indicate that two of the primary hypothesized drivers of many avian population declines may interact to further increase the rate of declines in certain landscape contexts.
Is guided self‐help family‐based treatment for parents of adolescents with anorexia nervosa on treatment waitlists feasible? A pilot trial
Authors: Wade Tracey , Byrne Susan , Fursland Anthea , Steele Anna , Wilksch Simon , Anderson Jemma , Zhou Yuan , Datta Nandini , Matheson Brittany , Lock James 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the feasibility (recruitment and retention) of an online 12‐session guided self‐help family‐based treatment (GSH‐FBT) for families on the waitlist for face‐to‐face FBT utilizing trainee psychologists to assist carers of children with anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical AN.MethodThe primary outcomes were feasibility of GSH‐FBT for families on the waitlist and secondary exploratory outcomes examined improvement of child and parental function.ResultsOf 187 eligible families on the waitlist, 24 (13%) expressed interest in the study; 16 (67%) of these families completed baseline, 13 (54%) completed GSH‐FBT over a 6‐month recruitment period. Children (mean age = 13.92, SD = .86; mean body mass index [BMI] centile = 29.47, SD = 24.80) had an average weight gain of 6 kg (BMI centile effect size = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.77–3.44) and a decrease in eating disorder behaviors (effect size = 1.11, 95% CI: .27–1.95). Improvements also occurred for general mood and behaviors in the child, and the impact of eating disorder symptoms on their functioning. Parents reported improvements in knowledge, skills, and confidence in managing AN.DiscussionUse of this low‐cost intervention while families are on the waitlist for FBT is engaging and useful but strategies to improve initial recruitment are needed.Public Significance StatementAlthough most eligible families did not enroll in an online 12‐session guided self‐help family‐based treatment for families on the waitlist for face‐to‐face FBT for anorexia nervosa, families who participated found it engaging. The children experienced improvements in BMI centile, eating and behavior. Parents reported increased confidence, knowledge, and skills. We need to examine how families can be encouraged to participate on online training when on waitlists for treatment.