bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High success rates of ultrasound‐guided distal internal jugular vein and axillary vein approaches for central venous catheterization: A randomized controlled open‐label pilot trial
Authors: Fournil Céline , Boulet Nicolas , Bastide Sophie , Louart Benjamin , Ambert Audrey , Boutin Caroline , Lefrant Jean‐Yves , Muller Laurent , Roger Claire 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound (US)‐guided axillary vein (AV) catheterization has been considered as the preferred site of insertion to minimize catheter‐related infections. Given its difficulty of realization, internal jugular vein (IJV) access remains, thus, the first choice of catheter insertion site. This descriptive study was aimed to assess the success and complication rates of in‐plane short axis approach of IJV in the lower neck and the AV approach under US‐guidance.MethodsIn a prospective randomized controlled open‐label pilot trial, all patients requiring central venous catheterization (CVC) in intensive care unit or operating room were randomly assigned to low IJV or AV groups. The primary objective was to estimate the overall success rate of both approaches. The secondary objectives were immediate complication rates, procedure durations, success rate after the first puncture, late complication rates (i.e., thrombosis, catheter colonization, and catheter‐related infections), and nurse satisfaction regarding insertion site dressings.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐three out of two hundred and ten included patients were fully analyzed (90 and 83 in the IJV and AV approach groups, respectively). Overall success rates for IJV and AV sites were 96% (95% confidence interval (CI) [90–99]) and 89% (95% CI [81–94]) respectively. First puncture success rates were 90% and 80% respectively. The median overall procedure duration from US pre‐procedural screening to guidewire insertion was 8 and 10 min in IJV and AV groups. Overall immediate complications rates for IJV and AV sites were 11.6% and 14.6%, respectively. Incidence of catheter colonization were 7.9% and 6.8% and catheter‐related infection rate were 2.6% and 0%, respectively.ConclusionIn this pilot study, US‐guided low IJV and AV approaches are safe and efficient techniques for CVC insertion associated with high success and low complications rates. Duration for guidewire insertion seemed to be shorter in the short axis in‐plane IJV approach. It provides the basis for a future randomized trial comparing these two approaches.
Ultrasonographic Imaging of the Fetal Pyloric Sphincter
Authors: Toprak Erzat , Işıkalan Mehmet Murat 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesIn this study, we hypothesized that the pyloric sphincter can be directly visualized by ultrasonography in the prenatal period.MethodsThis study was designed as a cross‐section. Single, healthy pregnancies between 18 and 22 weeks of gestation who applied to the Perinatology outpatient clinic for second‐level ultrasonography were included in the study. In addition to the demographic characteristics of the participants, fetal pyloric mucosa, fetal pyloric sphincter length, and fetal pyloric sphincter thickness were measured by ultrasonography. Intrarater variability was calculated.ResultsA total of 93 eligible patients were evaluated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 27.25 ± 6.23, and the gestational age was 21.18 ± 0.98. Pylorus imaging and measurements were possible in all fetuses that were in the optimal position. Mean pyloric sphincter length (mm) was 5.32 ± 0.93, pyloric sphincter thickness (mm) was 2.13 ± 0.44, and sphincter muscle thickness (mm) was 1.05 ± 0.24.ConclusionsThe pyloric sphincter can be easily visualized on a second‐trimester ultrasound scan when the appropriate technique is used. This may make an additional contribution to the diagnosis of fetal gastrointestinal tract pathologies.
Frailty in middle cranial fossa approach for encephalocele or cerebrospinal fluid leak repair
Authors: Curry Steven D. , Hatch Jonathan L. , Surdell Daniel L. , Gard Andrew P. , Casazza Geoffrey C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe modified 5‐item frailty index (mFI‐5) is a concise, comorbidity‐based risk stratification tool that can predict adverse outcomes after surgery. The goal of this study was to understand the frailty of patients undergoing surgery for temporal encephalocele or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and the utility of mFI‐5 for predicting increased post‐operative outcomes.MethodsA retrospective review of adults with temporal encephalocele or CSF leak who underwent middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach craniotomies with or without mastoidectomy from January 2015 through August 2021 at a tertiary care academic medical center was performed. Patients who underwent additional surgeries or extended surgical approaches were excluded. The mFI‐5 was calculated for all patients. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the medical record.ResultsThirty‐six patients underwent 40 MCF approach craniotomies for temporal encephalocele or CSF leak, including three revision cases and one patient with sequential bilateral operations. Mean age was 54.1 ± 10.8 years, and 66.7% were female. In the univariable regression analysis, mFI‐5 score, age, and procedure time use were significantly associated with increased hospital length of stay (LOS) but not increased intensive care unit (ICU) LOS. Anesthesia time and lumbar drain were significantly associated with increased hospital LOS and ICU LOS, and they remained significantly associated with increased hospital LOS in the multivariable model.ConclusionFrailty is associated with increased hospital LOS stay among patients undergoing MCF approach for CSF leak or encephalocele. Reducing anesthesia time and avoiding lumbar drain use are potentially modifiable risk factors that can reduce the LOS and associated costs.Level of Evidence4.
Oxygen detection based on Faraday modulation spectroscopy and wavelength modulation spectroscopy: A comparison
Authors: He Qixin , Chang Jvqiang , Li Mengxin , Li Jiakun , Feng Qibo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn oxygen sensor system was developed based on Faraday modulation spectroscopy (FAMOS). In the system, a distributed feedback laser near 760.9 nm was used as the light source and a 30‐cm long gas cell was employed for gas absorption. The first harmonic was extracted by a commercial lock in amplifier for the derivation of concentration. Oxygen measurement experiments were conducted the performance of the sensor system was obtained. In addition, oxygen sensor system with wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) scheme was developed with the same light source and gas cell for a direct comparison. Based on Allan deviation analysis, a detection limit of 0.186% for the WMS scheme and a detection limit of 0.108% for the FAMOS scheme were acquired at an averaging time of 1 s. The precisions can be further improved to 0.032% and 0.03% at an averaging time of 15 s, respectively.
Compact dual‐band bandpass filter with high selectivity based on spiral‐stub‐loaded dual‐mode QMSIW resonators
Authors: Gu Lin , Dong Yuandan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA novel miniaturized dual‐band quarter‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW) bandpass filter with high selectivity is proposed in this letter. Two passbands are generated by the fundamental mode and the first higher order mode of the spiral‐stub‐loaded QMSIW resonator, respectively. Miniaturization is achieved by loading stubs and applying quarter‐mode cavities. High selectivity can be realized by introducing two transmission zeros (TZs) between the two passbands. One TZ is generated by adding coplanar waveguide coupling between the two resonators, the other TZ is synthesized by coupling between the modes of the resonator. The proposed dual‐band filter has the characteristics of miniaturization, high selectivity, and low loss, which is suitable for satellite communication related applications.
Fully automated cardiac MRI segmentation using dilated residual network
Authors: Ahmad Faizan , Hou Wenguo , Xiong Jing , Xia Zeyang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeCardiac ventricle segmentation from cine magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is a recognized modality for the noninvasive assessment of cardiovascular pathologies. Deep learning based algorithms achieved state‐of‐the‐art result performance from CMRI cardiac ventricle segmentation. However, most approaches received less attention at the bottom layer of UNet, where main features are lost due to pixel degradation. To increase performance, it is important to handle the bottleneck layer of UNet properly. Considering this problem, we enhanced the performance of main features at the bottom layer of network.MethodWe developed a fully automatic pipeline for segmenting the right ventricle (RV), myocardium (MYO), and left ventricle (LV) by incorporating short‐axis CMRI sequence images. We propose a dilated residual network (DRN) to capture the features at full resolution in the bottleneck of UNet. Thus, it significantly increases spatial and temporal information and maintains the localization accuracy. A data‐augmentation technique is employed to avoid overfitting and class imbalance problems. Finally, output from each expanding path is added pixel‐wise to improve the training response.ResultsWe used and evaluated our proposed method on automatic cardiac diagnosis challenge (ACDC). The test set consists of 50 patient records. The overall dice similarity coefficient (DSC) we achieved for our model is 0.924 ± 0.03, 0.907 ± 0.01, and 0.949 ± 0.05 for RV, MYO, and LV, respectively. Similarly, we obtained hausdorff distance (HD) scores of 10.09 ± 0.01, 7.25 ± 0.05, and 6.86 ± 0.02 mm for RV, MYO, and LV, respectively. The results show superior performance and outperformed state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of accuracy and reached expert‐level segmentation. Consequently, the overall DSC and HD result improved by 1.0% and 1.5%, respectively.ConclusionWe designed a dilated residual UNet (DRN) for cardiac ventricle segmentation using short‐axis CMRI. Our method has the advantage of restoring and capturing spatial and temporal information by expanding the receptive field without degrading the image main features in the bottleneck of UNet. Our method is highly accurate and quick, taking 0.28 s on average to process 2D MR images. Also, the network was designed to work on predictions of individual MR images to segment the ventricular region, for which our model outperforms many state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Fast solution of three‐dimensional elliptic equations with randomly generated jumping coefficients by using tensor‐structured preconditioners
Authors: Khoromskij Boris N. , Khoromskaia Venera 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and analyze the numerical algorithms for fast solution of periodic elliptic problems in random media in , . Both the two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) elliptic problems are considered for the jumping equation coefficients built as a checkerboard type configuration of bumps randomly distributed on a large , or lattice, respectively. The finite element method discretization procedure on a 3D uniform tensor grid is described in detail, and the Kronecker tensor product approach is proposed for fast generation of the stiffness matrix. We introduce tensor techniques for the construction of the low Kronecker rank spectrally equivalent preconditioner in a periodic setting to be used in the framework of the preconditioned conjugate gradient iteration. The discrete 3D periodic Laplacian pseudo‐inverse is first diagonalized in the Fourier basis, and then the diagonal matrix is reshaped into a fully populated third‐order tensor of size . The latter is approximated by a low‐rank canonical tensor by using the multigrid Tucker‐to‐canonical tensor transform. As an example, we apply the presented solver in numerical analysis of stochastic homogenization method where the 3D elliptic equation should be solved many hundred times, and where for every random sampling of the equation coefficient one has to construct the new stiffness matrix and the right‐hand side. The computational characteristics of the presented solver in terms of a lattice parameter and the grid‐size, , in both 2D and 3D cases are illustrated in numerical tests. Our solver can be used in various applications where the elliptic problem should be solved for a number of different coefficients for example, in many‐particle dynamics, protein docking problems or stochastic modeling.
Theoretical study of cyano‐promoted intramolecular aza‐Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Lai Chin‐Hung , Yang Cheng‐En , Wu Yang‐Chang , El Bakri Youness , Chamorro Eduardo , Chuang Ta‐Hsien 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, we attempted to explain why the substitution of a cyano group onto the 1‐azadiene moiety promotes N‐(2,3‐diphenylallylidene)pent‐4‐en‐1‐amine to undergo an intramolecular aza‐Diels–Alder reaction. Our M06‐2X study found that the intramolecular aza‐Diels–Alder reaction of N‐(2,3‐diphenylallylidene)pent‐4‐en‐1‐amine has an inverse electron demand. Therefore, the attachment of a cyano group to the diene moiety (1‐azadiene) makes the intramolecular aza‐Diels–Alder reaction feasible. Moreover, the intramolecular aza‐Diels–Alder reaction of N‐(2,3‐diphenylallylidene)pent‐4‐en‐1‐amine was found to be a kinetically controlled reaction.
Fabrication of Polyvinylpyrrolidone‐Stabilized Nano Zero‐Valent Iron Supported by Hydrophilic Biochar for Efficient Cr (VI) Removal from Groundwater
Authors: Shamshirgaran Raziyeh , Malakooti Reihaneh , Akbarpour Abolfazl , Moghaddam Ali Zeraatkar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractToday, eco‐friendly and cost‐effective nanomaterials are vital to ultimately removing contaminants from groundwater as an essential part of freshwater. In this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐stabilized nano zero‐valent iron (nZVI) supported by hydrophilic wheat straw biochar (HWS) (PVP‐nZVI@HWS) was prepared and compared with the nZVI‐HWS sample for Cr (VI) removal from aqueous media. The morphology and functional group structure of PVP‐nZVI@HWS composites demonstrated that nZVI could be dispersed homogeneously on the hydrophilic biochar substrate by adding PVP (owing to a large number of −OH functional groups). Based on BET analysis, despite a minimal reduction in the surface area of the PVP‐nZVI@HWS hybrid material compared to the nZVI‐HWS sample (7.19 m2 g−1), the pore volume and adsorption average pore diameter increased. Superior reduction efficiency (99.63 % elimination in only 5 min) of 20 ppm Cr (VI) was achieved using the proposed hybrid material. Pseudo‐ second‐order kinetics (R2=1) and Langmuir isotherm models (R2=0.9407) were attained via the PVP‐nZVI@HWS (0.2 g L−1) under groundwater condition (sodium chloride solution at pH=3.2). In addition, on a large scale, the proposed hybrid material could reduce 97.22 % of Cr (VI) in 180 minutes from the water. The mechanism of catalytic and absorption behaviour for two catalysts was compared, and the investigations showed that absorption action for the nZVI‐HWS sample, and catalytic behaviour for the PVP‐nZVI@HWS hybrid material were predominant.
Synthesis of Co2P Nanoparticles Embedded N, P Co‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon via Molten Salt Process as Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Xu Jing , Bi Xinyue , Tang Duihai , Zhang Wenting , Xin Shigang , Guan Buyuan , Zhao Zhen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA molten salts strategy was developed to synthesize Co2P nanoparticles (NPs) embedded N, P co‐doped mesoporous carbon. No solvent was introduced in the synthesis process. Moreover, the common inorganic salts were utilized as the templates, which could be removed and recycled by water washing. The characterization results exhibited that the final products consisted of Co2P NPs and carbon. The amounts of the salts determined the porosities of the as‐obtained sample, which further effect the activities for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The optimal sample of GUCo‐0.2NaCl showed the best HER performance among these as‐obtained electrocatalysts, including small Tafel slope and low overpotential.
By−products from the Al−water Reaction for Hydrogen Generation−Evolution and Properties
Authors: Guan Xu , Li Jian , Luo Ping , Dong Shijie J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the properties and evolution during the calcination process of hydrolysis by−products from the reaction between Al−based composites and water for hydrogen generation were systematically investigated. The results showed that the main phases of by−products included AlOOH and InSn4. The amorphous product possessed a large Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area with 276.77 m2/g and high porosity properties with 0.37 cm3/g. The phase transformation of by−products from AlOOH to γ−Al2O3, δ−Al2O3, and α−Al2O3 occurred during the calcination process. It appears that the by−products can be used as raw materials for the preparation of Al2O3 with different crystal structures. Discussion on the properties and evolution of hydrolysis by−products are beneficial to product reuse and recovery. In this way, the cost reduction of hydrogen production via Al−water reaction can be realized, promoting the sustainable development of hydrogen production from Al−water reaction.
Electronic Structure Analysis and Synthesis of Nitroso N‐Heterocyclic Imines
Authors: Ovais Dar Mohammad , Kapse Rahul Y. , Dubey Gurudutt , Singh Tejender , Thiruvenkatam Vijay , Bharatam Prasad V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic imines (NHIs) are versatile compounds with the general formula (NHC)=NR. NHIs with R=NO (known as nitroso N‐heterocyclic imines, NNHIs) have special importance in ozone depletion protection as well as in drug discovery. The electronic structure of these compounds has not been thoroughly explored. A few experimental studies indicated that the (NHC)=N bond is weak; a few other studies indicated that the N−N bond is weak in these species. It is important to establish the chemical bond variations in NNHIs. Density functional theory (DFT) studies have been carried out on NNHIs to explore the chemical bonding details. A new derivative containing NNHI unit and caffeine moiety has been experimentally generated and the structure was studied using XRD.
Plasmonic Metal Mediated Charge Transfer in Stacked Core–Shell Semiconductor Heterojunction for Significantly Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Wang Shihong , Zhang Yan , Zheng Yiyi , Xu Yanbo , Yang Guodong , Zhong Shuxian , Zhao Yuling , Bai Song 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConstruction of core–shell semiconductor heterojunctions and plasmonic metal/semiconductor heterostructures represents two promising routes to improved light harvesting and promoted charge separation, but their photocatalytic activities are respectively limited by sluggish consumption of charge carriers confined in the cores, and contradictory migration directions of plasmon‐induced hot electrons and semiconductor‐generated electrons. Herein, a semiconductor/metal/semiconductor stacked core–shell design is demonstrated to overcome these limitations and significantly boost the photoactivity in CO2 reduction. In this smart design, sandwiched Au serves as a “stone”, which “kills two birds” by inducing localized surface plasmon resonance for hot electron generation and mediating unidirectional transmission of conduction band electrons and hot electrons from TiO2 core to MoS2 shell. Meanwhile, upward band bending of TiO2 drives core‐to‐shell migration of holes through TiO2–MoS2 interface. The co‐existence of TiO2 → Au → MoS2 electron flow and TiO2 → MoS2 hole flow contributes to spatial charge separation on different locations of MoS2 outer layer for overall redox reactions. Additionally, reduction potential of photoelectrons participating in the CO2 reduction is elaborately adjusted by tuning the thickness of MoS2 shell, and thus the product selectivity is delicately regulated. This work provides fresh hints for rationally controlling the charge transfer pathways toward high‐efficiency CO2 photoreduction.
Positive Psychology and Christianity
Authors: Hodge Adam S. , Hook Joshua N. , Kim Jichan J. , Mosher David K. , McLaughlin Aaron T. , Davis Don E. , Van Tongeren Daryl R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBoth theoretical reflection and empirical research have purported a mutual exchange of benefits for the collaboration between positive psychology (PP) and Christianity. However, the varied belief systems and worldviews held among adherents of distinct Christian traditions may interfere with practical collaborative efforts between PP and Christianity. In this chapter, we explore important considerations for effective collaboration between PP and Christianity. Namely, we argue that Christianity can provide a framework for what individuals should value and what virtues a person should pursue, whereas PP can provide the tools and methodology for how to pursue the goals that are identified by Christianity. We first review the geographic distribution and demographic composition of Christians around the world, emphasizing the value of context when working with Christian populations. Second, we highlight fundamental beliefs and values that may influence how Christians interpret and utilize empirical findings from the field of PP. Third, we discuss how Christian beliefs, traditions, and doctrines influence our understandings of well-being, health, and virtue development. Throughout the chapter, we discuss strategies and implications for positive collaboration between the fields of PP and Christianity.
Positive Psychology and Hinduism
Authors: Singh Kamlesh , Raina Mahima , Oman Doug 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHinduism encompasses considerable heterogeneity within its many schools of thoughts and practice. However, the common thread that binds these multiple perspectives is this handbook’s main topic of inquiry—human well-being and happiness. Hindu thought has always deliberated on the process, nature, conditions, and practices that lead to a fulfilled life. In this chapter, we begin by explaining Hinduism’s core beliefs and tenets that guide daily living. Many extant psychological publications on Hinduism explicate psychological ideas embedded in tradition. We draw comparisons between the Hindu worldview and broadly Western-based positive psychology concepts like well-being and the self. The chapter also expands on select Hindu models of human flourishing. The chapter further explains the recent empirical evidence on Hindu constructs, including well-being enhancing strategies, in relation to several positive psychology constructs such as well-being and flourishing. Finally, in the light of the reviewed empirical evidence, we discuss some directions and recommendations for future research at the intersections of Hindu religious literature and positive psychology.