bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old versus new antihistamines: Effects on cognition and psychomotor functions
Authors: Shamil K Sheth , Prakruti P Patel , Anuradha M Gandhi , Bela J Shah , Chetna K Desai 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Antihistamines (AHs) are the most widely long-term therapeutic option to manage allergic diseases. This research aimed to study the effects of long-term administration of AHs: on cognitive (memory, mood, attention, sleep and executive function) and psychomotor performance.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective, observational study for a total duration of 30 months was carried out at the Dermatology OPD in adult patients with dermatological condition who were newly prescribed either chlorpheniramine (4 mg, BD), levocetirizine (10 mg, OD), fexofenadine (180 mg, OD) or bepotastine (10 mg, BD) for at least 28 days as per inclusion and exclusion criteria after taking written informed consent. A detailed history of the patients, memory (using PGI memory scale) and psychomotor functions, Brief Mood Introspection Scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were assessed at baseline, 1 week and 4 weeks. Data obtained were analysed using paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis (P-value <0.05 statistically significant).

Results:
A total of 22 in chlorpheniramine group, 23 in levocetirizine group, 20 in fexofenadine group and 18 in bepotastine group were analysed. Chlorpheniramine and levocetirizine had deteriorating effects on cognitive and psychomotor performance, whereas fexofenadine and bepotastine showed positive effect on various cognitive and psychometric tasks. The study results showed chlorpheniramine and levocetirizine to be having sedative effects, whereas fexofenadine was nonsedating. In bepotastine group, no effect on sleep was observed. No significant difference in mood scores was observed in between chlorpheniramine, levocetirizine and fexofenadine groups. In bepotastine group, arousal calm and positive tired scores increased at 4 week as compared to baseline.

Conclusion:
Patients with dermatological illnesses can be prescribed fexofenedine and bepotastine, as compared to chlorpheniramine and levocetirizine, and their cognitive and psychological functions should be evaluated periodically with suitable tests.
Blood pressure-lowering effect of telmisartan compared to losartan among mild to moderate essential hypertensive adult subjects: A meta-analysis
Authors: Kumari Kusum , Toppo Mary Sunita , Majhi Lakhan , Kumar Amit 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
We conducted a meta-analysis in which the blood pressure (BP)-reducing effect of telmisartan was compared to losartan among hypertensive subjects and its association with ethnicity, age, and gender was investigated.

Materials and Methods:
PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library were searched from inception to April 2021 to obtain relevant articles. Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used for assessment of bias risk. GRADE analysis was done for determining the certainty of evidence. Data was analyzed using Revman 5.4.2 software. The pooled mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed using random-effects model. Heterogeneity was also assessed using meta-regression and subgroup analysis. This study has been registered in PROSPERO with registration no. CRD42021245122.

Results:
Fifteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1926 subjects were selected from various countries. Both systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were found to be significantly reduced among telmisartan-treated groups (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.38–4.00 and WMD = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.45–2.08 respectively). One subgroup analysis noted better reduction in both SBP and DBP among Asian population compared to Caucasians.

Conclusion:
Telmisartan was found to be a better hypertensive drug compared to losartan in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Its efficacy was higher in Asian population compared to Caucasian population.
Barriers and facilitators of providing standard of care diabetes management at primary care level in geriatric population
Authors: Kumar Pratyush , Sinha Abhay Kumar , Kumar Ashok , Alam Md Ejaz 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Geriatric population is gradually increasing and is expected to grow till 20% by 2050 from the current 8.6%, and so is diabetes prevalence and other comorbidities. To improve diabetes control, better coordination of provider, patient and health system is needed. It has been found that almost half of the diabetes patients do not achieve treatment targets. So, it is essential to assess the perceived barriers as well as facilitators from patients’ and physicians’ perspectives. The aim of the study was assessment of needs, care, barriers and facilitators to achieve treatment goals for patients and physicians.

Materials and Methods:
This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Geriatrics among 100 elderly diabetes patients and 50 physicians after obtaining ethical approval. All participants were interviewed based on a predefined, structured questionnaire with multiple options to grade or choose from.

Results:
Polypharmacy, mobility issues and dementia were the most common geriatric issues. Hypertension (HTN), arthritis and coronary artery disease (CAD) were the commonest comorbidities. Also, 73% reported that they followed dietary advice, but only 22% accepted that they were doing exercise regularly. Moreover, 5% mentioned that they were taking alcohol, and 15% confirmed of smoking. Also, 47% of patients felt that diabetes was well controlled. Remaining 53% patients gave reasons for poor diabetes control; the most common reason was not following a proper diabetic diet plan in 42% of patients and lack of exercise as instructed was reported by 22% as the reason for their poor diabetic control. Nineteen percent of patients accepted of not measuring their blood glucose as instructed. Among urban doctors, the three most common factors were not being consistent with lifestyle interventions, followed by no regular self-monitoring of blood glucose and no regular follow-up. Top three interventions suggested were to engage or encourage the family members of patients to become involved in diabetes care, provide more convenient diabetes brochures or education materials to patients and improve multidisciplinary and multispeciality collaboration in diabetes control.

Conclusion:
Diabetes in elderly needs proactive health system and coordinated care. Doctor–patient relationship with good communication skills, family support and multidisciplinary care is needed to improve diabetes care. Health education with a focus on diet control, exercise and other lifestyle modifications are essential factors in improving diabetes care.
Prognostication of COVID-19 patients using ROX index and CURB-65 score - A retrospective observational study
Authors: Arora Poonam , Shankar Takshak , Joshi Shrirang , Pillai Aadya , Kabi Ankita , Arora Rajnish K. , Khapre Meenakshi , Chowdhury Nilotpal 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) disease has overwhelmed the healthcare infrastructure worldwide. The shortage of intensive care unit (ICU) beds leads to longer waiting times and higher mortality for patients. High crowding leads to an increase in mortality, length of hospital stays, and hospital costs for patients. Through an appropriate stratification of patients, rational allocation of the available hospital resources can be accomplished. Various scores for risk stratification of patients have been tried, but for a score to be useful at primary care level, it should be readily available at the bedside and be reproducible. ROX index and CURB-65 are simple bedside scores, requiring minimum equipment, and investigations to calculate.

Methods:
This retrospective, record-based study included adult patients who presented to the ED from May 1, 2020 to November 30, 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The patient’s clinical and demographic details were obtained from the electronic medical records of the hospital. ROX index and CURB-65 score on ED arrival were calculated and correlated with the need for hospitalization and early (14-day) and late (28-day) mortality.

Results:
842 patients were included in the study. The proportion of patients with mild, moderate and severe disease was 46.3%, 14.9%, and 38.8%, respectively. 55% patients required hospitalization. The 14-day mortality was 8.8% and the 28-day mortality was 20.7%. The AUROC of ROX index for predicting hospitalization was 0.924 (p < 0.001), for 14-day mortality was 0.909 (p < 0.001) and for 28-day mortality was 0.933 (p < 0.001). The AUROC of CURB-65 score for predicting hospitalization was 0.845 (p < 0.001), for 14-day mortality was 0.905 (p < 0.001) and for 28-day mortality was 0.902 (p < 0.001). The cut-off of ROX index for predicting hospitalization was ≤18.634 and for 14-day mortality was ≤14.122. Similar cut-off values for the CURB-65 score were ≥1 and ≥2, respectively.

Conclusion:
ROX index and CURB-65 scores are simple and inexpensive scores that can be efficiently utilised by primary care physicians for appropriate risk stratification of patients with COVID-19 infection.
Perceptions toward childhood vaccinations (side effects vs. benefits) among the parents living in Hail, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alnumair Abdulaziz , Almulifi Abdullah 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of parents living in Hail, Saudi Arabia, toward childhood vaccination program.

Materials And Methods:
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out between November and December 2021. Parents who visited Hail’s primary health-care clinics were invited to participate in the study. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and data analysis was performed after data collection was completed.

Results:
Out of 200 parents who took part in the study, the majority were aged between 20 and 30 years (37%, n = 74), with females outnumbering males (67%, n = 134). It was discovered that younger parents (those under the age of 40) were less hesitant (P = 0.034), agreed to have their children vaccinated (P = 0.021), and felt it was effective (P = 0.038), when compared to parents over the age of 40. Furthermore, parents with a bachelor’s degree or higher felt more informed about vaccination (P = 0.011) and that vaccination for immunization is safe (P = 0.013).

Conclusion:
According to the study findings, residents of Hail, Saudi Arabia, particularly those over the age of 40 and those with only a secondary education, have poor knowledge, beliefs, and behavior regarding the childhood immunization program. As a result, it is necessary to increase knowledge and dispel myths about childhood immunization. Various social media channels and awareness campaigns could be used in this regard.
To study thyroid hormone levels (FT3, FT4, and TSH levels) in critically ill children and their correlation with disease severity and clinical outcome in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Authors: Sahu Upendra Prasad , Jha Sunanda , Mitra Olie , Pathak Apeksha , Prasad Kamal Narayan 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
There are manifold effects on neuro-endocrine and metabolic systems due to critical illness. Abnormalities in thyroid hormone levels in a critically-ill patient with no pre-existing hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid dysfunction is seen in Euthyroid sick syndrome or Non thyroidal illness syndrome.The understanding of different endocrinal changes in acute phase of critical illness may help us to intervene early and improve by pharmacological intervention.

Materials and Methods:
Critically ill children admitted in PICU, RIMS,Ranchi, aged 29 days to 17 years.

Results:
In our study, it was seen that FT3 and FT4 were low at admission at admission in critically ill children. And among them, the non-survivors had significantly lower values compared to survivors.

Discussion:
Among this critically ill patient, more than 70% of patients have shown low free T3 (Type I NTIS) and around 50% of low free T4 levels and free T3 levels (Type II NTIS).We have done this study to assess the thyroid dysfunction in critically ill children admitted in our PICU and its correlation with disease severity and clinical outcome.
Knowledge and attitudes of cervical cancer screening among female high school teachers in Hail city: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alshammiri Salma Merdhi 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cervical cancer is a primary preventable cancer. The current study aims to assess relevant knowledge and attitude of cervical cancer screening among female high school teachers in Hail city, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among female high school teachers in the Hail Province of Saudi Arabia. It is worth mentioning that Pap smear screening every 3–5 years with appropriate follow-up can reduce cervical cancer incidence by up to 80%, and abnormal results may suggest the presence of precancerous changes, allowing examination and possible preventive treatment.

Results:
Data from 387 participants were included in the final analysis. The study participants were female high school teachers. Mean age of the participants was 41.4 ± 5.3 years. Only 42% participants appeared to have good level of knowledge about cervical cancer. Fifty-eight percentage of females had not heard of it before. Only 22 (5.7%) participants had undergone Pap smear testing. A total of 182 (47.0%) participants believed that Pap smear test is a useful test and would undergo the test. Around 139 females (35.9%) will be allowing their daughters to get the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine.

Conclusions:
Interventions to increase cervical cancer knowledge are needed in Hail city in Saudi Arabia. In addition, further research is needed to understand and assess the effectiveness of different strategies to improve attitudes regarding cervical cancer, in order to increase the uptake of screening services.
Clinical and epidemiological aspects of herpes zoster disease in a primary care setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Binsaeedu Abdullah S. , Bajaber Abubakr O. , Muqrad Aiman G. , Alendijani Yaser A. , Alkhenizan Hamad A. , Alsulaiman Thamer A. , Alkhenizan Abdullah H. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Herpes zoster (HZ), or shingles, is one of the most common infectious diseases. HZ can be associated with other diseases, such as cancer and immunocompromised conditions. Thus, early recognition of the disease characteristics and clinical manifestations is critical to decrease the disease burden and to avoid further complications.

Aim:
To assess the epidemiology of HZ disease, its clinical manifestations, coexisting and post-existing conditions, complications, and management among patients in a primary care setting.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a retrospective, single-armed, cohort study. Data of all patients diagnosed with HZ, aged 18 years and older, who visited the Family Medicine Department at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center from January 2014 to August 2021 were reviewed from their medical records. All data analyses were performed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software, version 20.0.

Results:
A total of 330 cases were included over the study period. The male-to-female ratio was 1:2, with a higher occurrence of HZ (44.5%) in those aged ≥ 50 years. Only 4.5% of the patients were recipients of zoster vaccines. Thoracic dermatome was the most affected dermatome (38%). The most common coexisting disease was diabetes (21.5%). The most common post-existing disease was cardiovascular disease (3%), and the most common complication was postherpetic neuralgia (15.2%). Suboptimal dosage of acyclovir was the most commonly used treatment for HZ infections (69.7%).

Conclusions:
Zoster vaccination uptake was low. A national program for adult vaccination, including zoster vaccination, should be developed, and a guideline to direct primary health-care professionals in the management of HZ infections should be implemented.
Resonance frequency analysis mapping during implant healing using a nanostructured hydroxyapatite surface
Authors: Rosas-Díaz José Carlos , Malpartida-Carrillo Violeta , Córdova-Limaylla Nancy Edith , Guerrero Maria Eugenia , Palomino-Zorrilla Jerson Jimmy , Cervantes-Ganoza Luis Adolfo , Cayo-Rojas César Félix 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aim:
Stability measured by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is an important factor to be considered in the success of dental implant treatments, which can be evaluated from the implant stability quotient (ISQ). The aim of the present case series was to map the RFA during healing of implants with nanostructured hydroxyapatite surface to describe the behavior of ISQ values related to individual factors.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-three implants were placed in eight patients by conventional surgical protocol, and ISQ values were monitored from the day of implant placement until week 20. To obtain the ISQ values, an Osstell device was used and the placed implants were grouped in proportional amounts to describe the ISQ behavior considering the length (≤10 or >10 mm), the diameter (3.5 or 4.3 mm), the insertion torque (<40 N-cm or ≥40 N-cm), and the placement area (maxilla or mandible).

Results:
All the implants assessed decreased their values in the first 3 weeks after placement. Subsequently, the ISQ values increased by amounts similar to those obtained at the time of the placement and even more. Implants with length >10 mm, diameter 4.3 mm, and insertion torque ≥40 N-cm showed the highest ISQ values.

Conclusions:
A decrease in the ISQ values of dental implants with nanostructured hydroxyapatite surface was evidenced between weeks 2 and 3 considering length, diameter, insertion torque, and maxillary or mandibular placement site.
Comparative evaluation of microtensile bond strength in three different dentin luting agents: An in vitro study
Authors: Castro-Ramirez Leonor Cristina , Ladera-Castañeda Marysela Irene , Cachay-Criado Hernán Rafael , Alvino-Vales María Isabel , López-Gurreonero Carlos , Cervantes-Ganoza Luis Adolfo , Cayo-Rojas César Félix 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAim:Long-term clinical success on indirect restorations is largely determined by bonding efficiency of the luting agent, with adhesion to dentin being the main challenge. Therefore, aim of this study was to assess the microtensile bond strength when using flowable resin composite, preheated resin composite and dual self-adhesive resin cement as dentin luting agents.Materials and Methods:Occlusal thirds of molar teeth were cut and randomly divided into 3 groups to be cemented: RelyX™U200, Filtek™ Z250 XT- preheated to 70° and Filtek Flow™ Z350XT. They were then thermocycled 5000 times between 5+/-2°C and 55+/-2°C. Subsequently, 10 microbars per group were prepared. The 30 samples were placed in saline solution for 24 hours at room temperature prior to microtensile test. This was performed with a digital universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The bond strength values obtained were analyzed in Megapascals (MPa). Measures of central tendency such mean and measures of dispersion such standard deviation were used. In addition, the Kruskall Wallis non-parametric test with Bonferroni post hoc test was applied, considering a significance value of 5% (P< 0.05), with type I error.Results:The dentin microtensile bond strengths of preheated resin composite, flowable resin composite and dual self-adhesive cement were 6.08 ± 0.66 Mpa, 5.25 ± 2.60Mpa and 2.82 ± 1.26Mpa, respectively. In addition, the preheated resin composite exhibited significantly higher microtensile bond strength compared to the dual self-adhesive cement (P< 0.001). While the flowable resin composite showed no significant difference with the dual self-adhesive cement (P= 0.054) and the preheated resin composite (P= 0.329).Conclusions:The microtensile bond strength in dentin was significantly higher when using a preheated resin composite at 70°C as a luting agent compared to dual self-adhesive cement. However, the preheated resin composite showed similar microtensile bond strength compared to the flowable resin composite.
Synthesis, Structural Studies and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Nickel(II) Bis-Complex of Schiff Base of S-Benzyldithiocarbazate
Authors: Abdul Manan Mohd Abdul Fatah , Mohammat Mohd Fazli 
Published: November 2022

A tridentate nitrogen-oxygen-sulfur (NOS) S-benzyl(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)dithiocarbazate, HSBISA (HL1) ligand was synthesized via a condensation reaction between S-benzylditihocarbazate (SBDTC) and isatin. The produced ligand was reacted with nickel(II) acetate salt in 1:2 (metal:ligand) ratio to yield a brown Ni(SBISA)2 complex (2) (SBISA = monoanionic form of HL1). Characterization of HL1 and its Ni(II) complex was performed via elemental analysis, FT-IR, ICP-AES, UV-Vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, along with molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurement. Slow evaporation of 2 from DMSO at room temperature led to a structure crystallizing in the monoclinic P21/a space group with a = 18.6860(3), b = 11.3037(2), c = 19.8993(3), b = 112.1897(10), V = 3891.86(11) Å3, wR2 (all data) = 0.0407 and R1 = 0.0386 for data with I > 2σ(I). The nickel(II) metal center is ligated by doubly-deprotonated NOS monoanionic tridentate HL1 ligands forming a neural distorted octahedral Ni(SBISA)2×2DMSO (2a) complex. The antimicrobial assays of both compounds were performed on selected pathogenic bacteria and fungi strains.
HIGHLIGHTS

Octahedral Ni(II) complex was synthesized using acetate salt
Compound was characterized via physico-chemical analyses
Structural studies were resolved via single crystal X-ray diffraction
Compound 2a crystallized in a monoclinic system (P21/a space group) with cell parameters a = 18.6860 (3), b = 11.3037 (2), c = 19.8993(3), b = 112.1897 (10), V = 3891.86 (11) Å3, wR2 (all data) = 0.0407 and R1 = 0.0386 for data with I > 2σ(I)
Compound was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
INCIDÊNCIA DE HEMOPARASITOSES EM CÃES E GATOS NA REGIÃO DO VALE DO JAMARI – RONDÔNIA
Authors: Brum Beatriz Tanazildo , Carvalho Anderson Teixeira de 
Published: November 2022

É inegável admitir que a presença de pets no lar das pessoas aumentou consideravelmente, sobretudo, em virtude de que estudos científicos apontam que esses animais domésticos são capazes de trazer inúmeros benefícios, não apenas para as pessoas como para os animais. Assim, o presente estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar a ocorrência de hemoparasitas transmitidas pelas pulgas, carrapatos, mosquitos dos gêneros Aedes, Anopheles e Culex, bem como pelo vetor do Trypanosoma cruzi, em cães e gatos. Logo, a problemática da pesquisa se resume no questionamento: qual a principal maneira de reduzir ou minimizar os piores efeitos que os hemoparasitas podem trazer para a saúde dos pets domésticos? Buscando resposta a essa problemática, o estudo se fundamenta na pesquisa bibliográfica em diversas fontes primárias e secundárias, bem como, na pesquisa de campo para coletar dados e analisá-los pelo método do esfregaço sanguíneo em animais distribuídos pela região do Vale do Jamari, selecionados aleatoriamente nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2022. Com os dados analisados permitiram dizer que os achados não são preocupantes, mas possibilita ter uma visão mais apurada das hemoparasitoses mais prevalentes e assim, traçar um monitoramento mais eficaz no combate e, porque não dizer na erradicação dos vetores transmissores das doenças.