bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLEX in AAV-GN: insights from the meta-analysis results and impact on remission induction treatment recommendations
Authors: Casal Moura Marta , Crowson Cynthia S , Specks Ulrich , Warrington Kenneth J , Zand Ladan , Sethi Sanjeev , Fervenza Fernando C 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and glomerulonephritis (AAV-GN) remains high. At 5 years of follow-up, 14–25% of patients will evolve to ESKD, suggesting that kidney survival is not optimized in patients with AAV. The addition of plasma exchange (PLEX) to standard remission induction has been the standard of care, particularly in patients with severe renal disease. However, there is still some debate regarding which patients benefit from PLEX.A recently published meta-analysis concluded that the addition of PLEX to standard remission induction in AAV probably reduced the risk of ESKD at 12 months and that PLEX was associated with an estimated absolute risk reduction for ESKD at 12 months of 16.0% for those at high risk or with a serum creatinine &gt;5.7 mg/dl (high certainty of important effects). These findings were interpreted as supportive of offering PLEX to patients with AAV and a high risk of progression to ESKD or requiring dialysis and are making their way into societies recommendations.However, the results of the analysis can be debated. We provide an overview on the meta-analysis as an attempt to guide the audience through how the data were generated, to comment on our interpretation of the results and to explain why we feel uncertainty remains. In addition, we would like to provide insights in two questions that we believe are very relevant to consider when addressing the role of PLEX: the role of kidney biopsy findings in the decision making of whom might benefit from PLEX and the impact of novel treatments (i.e. complement factor 5a inhibitors) in avoiding progression to ESKD at 12 months. The treatment of patients with severe AAV-GN is complex and further studies that include only patients at high risk of progression to ESKD are needed.
Antithrombotic therapy following revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischaemia: a European survey from the ESC Working Group on Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Authors: De Carlo Marco , Schlager Oliver , Mazzolai Lucia , Brodmann Marianne , Espinola-Klein Christine , Staub Daniel , Aboyans Victor , Sillesen Henrik , Debus Sebastian , Venermo Maarit , Belch Jill , Ferrari Mauro , De Caterina Raffaele 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsChronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI) entails dismal outcomes and is an absolute indication to lower extremity revascularization (LER) whenever possible. Antithrombotic therapy is here crucial, but available evidence on best strategies (choice of drugs, combinations, duration) is scarce. We conducted a European internet-based survey on physicians’ use of antithrombotic therapy after revascularization for CLTI, under the aegis of the ESC Working Group on Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Disease in collaboration with other European scientific societies involved in CLTI management and agreeing to send the survey to their affiliates.Methods and results225 respondents completed the questionnaire. Antithrombotic therapy following surgical/endovascular LER varies widely across countries and specialties, with dedicated protocols reported only by a minority (36%) of respondents. Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel is the preferred choice for surgical (37%) and endovascular (79%) LER. Dual pathway inhibition (DPI) with aspirin and low-dose rivaroxaban is prescribed by 16% of respondents and is tightly related to the availability of reimbursement (OR 6.88; 95% CI 2.60–18.25) and to the choice of clinicians rather than of physicians performing revascularization (OR 2.69; 95% CI 1.10–6.58). A ≥ 6 months-duration of an intense (two-drug) postprocedural antithrombotic regimen is more common among surgeons than among medical specialists (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.10–3.94). Bleeding risk assessment is not standardised and likely underestimated.ConclusionCurrent antithrombotic therapy of CLTI patients undergoing LER remains largely discretional, and prescription of DPI is related to reimbursement policies. An individualised assessment of thrombotic and bleeding risks is largely missing.
A big (male) fish in a small pond? The gendered effect of relative ability on STEM aspirations under stereotype threat
Authors: Kim Jinho , Liu Ran , Zhao Xiaohang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite gender similarity in math ability, studies show persistent gender differences in STEM aspirations among adolescents. Extending previous literature on student math ability, biased self-assessment, and gender stereotypes, this paper emphasizes on the important process of social comparison in producing gender disparities in STEM aspirations. In particular, we examine the crucial role of relative ability, or a student’s ordinal ability rank within their peer group, and its interaction with the gender-math stereotypical environment. Using unique information on random classroom assignments from the China Educational Panel Survey (CEPS), we are able to exploit idiosyncratic variation in classmate composition to identify the effect of ability rank on student STEM aspirations and the moderating role of student exposure to gender-math stereotype. We show that after controlling for absolute cognitive ability, the effect of a student’s ability rank on STEM aspirations differs by gender, with girls benefiting less relative to boys from a higher ability rank in class. Moreover, this gender difference in the effect of ability rank on STEM aspirations is larger among students who are exposed to a higher level of gender-math stereotype from classmates. We discuss the theoretical and empirical implications of our findings.
Who benefits from school-to-work linkages in the labour market? A comparison between natives, migrants educated abroad, and those educated domestically
Authors: Geven Sara , Spörlein Christoph 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recent research suggests that people with more occupation-specific qualifications (i.e. qualifications that link to a smaller set of occupations) experience greater benefits in the labour market. Based on human capital, signalling and credentialing theory, we argue that these benefits may vary between the native majority population, individuals with a migration background who hold a foreign qualification, and individuals with a migration background with a domestic qualification. Using data from the German Microcensus, we find that for both the native majority and immigrants with a domestic qualification, holding a more occupation-specific qualification relates to a higher chance of working in a position the individual is educated for in terms of both level and field. Holding a more occupation-specific qualification also relates to higher labour market returns (i.e. income and occupational status) for those who work in a job for which they are educated, yet is mostly negatively related to the labour market returns for those who do not work in a job for which they are educated. Migrants with a foreign qualification profit less from holding occupation-specific qualifications and suffer more from their associated disadvantages.
Double standards? Co-authorship and gender bias in early-stage academic evaluations
Authors: Gërxhani Klarita , Kulic Nevena , Liechti Fabienne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article studies gender bias in early-stage academic evaluations in Italy and investigates whether this bias depends on various types of authorship in collaborative work across three academic fields: humanities, economics, and social sciences. We test our hypotheses via a factorial survey (vignette) experiment on a sample from the entire population of associate and full professors employed at Italian public universities in 2019. This is one of the few experiments conducted with university professors to consider hiring propensities in academia. Contrary to our general expectations, we do not find gender bias in relation to co-authorship in our general population of interest. However, the results provide some evidence that when the evaluator is a man, highly collaborative women academics in Italy receive less favourable evaluations of their qualifications compared to male colleagues with identical credentials. This gender bias is found in economics, a field where the conventions of co-authorship allow for greater uncertainty about individual contributions to a joint publication.
Evaluation of student engagement through knowledge elaboration and the use of comics in Microbiology education
Authors: da Silva Vincent Rosa , Vieira Mônica Larucci 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the many challenges faced by the sudden adaptation of the teaching–learning processes during the emergency remote teaching (ERT) imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, this period allowed the exploration of innovative educational methods. Here, we report the description and evaluation of a didactic activity designed to foster an active learning environment among Veterinary Medicine undergraduate students enrolling in Microbiology classes during the ERT period at the University of Minas Gerais. The activity consisted of initial expositive classes, followed by students’ active search for information, and the execution of a report and short comics covering the topic. The activity was evaluated by a voluntary postquestionnaire. The results suggest that the students had good emotional and educational perception toward the task, and that they noticed the elaboration of the comics as the most valuable tool aiding in the retention of microbiological concepts. We conclude that the proposed strategy, specially by the incorporation of the comics, helped the meaningful learning of microbiology.
Inflammatory bowel disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli have elevated host-defense peptide resistance
Authors: Cho Youn Hee , Renouf Michael J , Omotoso Oluwafikemi , McPhee Joseph B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) are isolated from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients at a higher rate than from control patients. Using a collection of E. coli strains collected from Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), or non-IBD control patients, antibiotic and resistance to the antimicrobial peptides HBD-3 and LL-37 was assessed. Carriage of bacterial-encoded omptin protease genes was assessed by PCR and omptin protease activity was measured using a whole-cell based fluorescence assay. Elevated resistance to antibiotics and host defense peptides in IBD-associated AIEC were observed. IBD-associated strains showed increased (but statistically non-significant) antibiotic resistance. CD-associated strains showed greater (but statistically non-significant) resistance to HBD3-mediated killing while UC-associated strains showed statistically greater resistance to LL-37 mediated killing. High-level resistance to LL-37 was associated with carriage of omptin protease genes and with increased omptin protease activity. Antimicrobial host defense peptide resistance may be an adaptive feature of AIEC leading to enhanced pathogenesis during the initiation or progression of IBD.
Geriatric Frailty Is Associated With Oxidative Stress, Accumulation, and Defective Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Independently of Age and Comorbidities
Authors: Kravvariti Evrydiki , Ntouros Panagiotis A , Vlachogiannis Nikolaos I , Pappa Maria , Souliotis Vassilis L , Sfikakis Petros P 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDefects in the DNA damage response and repair (DDR/R) network accumulate during the aging process. Physical frailty, a state of reduced physiological function and decreased resilience to biological stressors, is also exacerbated by aging, but its link with DDR/R aberrations beyond the effect of age and comorbidities is unclear. Fifty-three community-dwelling older adults, aged 65–102 years, who underwent frailty classification according to the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and 51 healthy adults younger than 45 years were examined in parallel. The following DDR/R parameters were determined in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs): (a) oxidative stress and abasic (apurinic/apyrimidinic; AP) sites, (b) endogenous DNA damage (alkaline comet assay olive tail moment [OTM] indicative of DNA single-strand breaks [SSBs] and double-strand breaks [DSBs] and γH2AX levels by immunofluorescence [DSBs only]), (c) capacity of the 2 main DNA repair mechanisms (DSB repair and nucleotide excision repair). Older individual-derived PBMCs displayed reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratios indicative of increased levels of oxidative stress and increased AP sites, as well as increased accumulation of endogenous DNA damage (OTM and γH2AX) and defective DSB-repair capacity, compared with younger controls. These DDR/R aberrations were more pronounced in frail versus nonfrail older adults. Notably, oxidative stress, AP sites, DSBs, and DSB-repair capacity were associated with individual CFS levels after adjusting for chronological age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and polypharmacy. Geriatric frailty is independently associated with increased DNA damage formation and reduced DSB-R capacity, supporting further research into these measures as potential frailty biomarkers.
Crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath Tristan da Cunha using surface wave phase velocity from horizontal components OBS ambient seismic noise
Authors: Zhang Hao , Geissler Wolfram H , Schmidt-Aursch Mechita C , Bonadio Raffaele 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
We applied ambient noise tomography on data from an ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) experiment around Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic, in order to determine the crust and uppermost mantle shear velocity structure beneath this region. The determination of the orientation of the horizontal seismometer components allowed to perform ambient noise cross-correlation with all three components of 19 broad-band OBSs and two land stations. We extracted the phase velocity dispersion curves from the first higher mode Rayleigh waves and fundamental mode Love waves at periods of 3–8 s, which were only observed in the radial and transverse components, respectively. Following the two-steps inversion of surface wave tomography, we finally obtained a 3-D shear velocity model around Tristan da Cunha. Our results concur with previous studies in this region. The 3-D shear velocity model documents that there is a shallow conduit of low shear velocity underneath the volcanic archipelago, extending to at least ∼25 km depth. This conduit in the lithosphere may represent the magmatic plumbing system. We also observe indications for low shear velocities in the uppermost mantle beneath the seamounts in the southwest of the island, in an area where the deeper Tristan mantle plume is assumed.
Breaking with convention? Zeitenwende and the traditional pillars of German foreign policy
Authors: Blumenau Bernhard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
On 27 February 2022, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz addressed the Bundestag and announced a watershed moment (Zeitenwende) for Germany's conduct of foreign affairs. Against the backdrop of the historical pillars of German foreign policy, this article reviews the core implications of the Zeitenwende doctrine. It analyses how the new policy continued or transformed traditional notions underpinning Germany's external relations: Westbindung (integration into the West) and European integration, multilateralism, the pursuit of a rules-based international order and NATO membership, hesitant leadership, Ostpolitik and Wandel durch Handel (transformation through trade), as well as a foreign policy not relying on military means. It argues that Zeitenwende represented a break with some traditional notions, such as Ostpolitik and Wandel durch Handel, and to some extent the non-military foreign policy. However, Zeitenwende also reconfirmed other traditions: Westbindung, a commitment to multilateralism and the rules-based order, as well as the reluctance to assert German leadership. With Zeitenwende, Germany remained firmly committed to the EU and NATO as the country acknowledged that it must do more for its own, and for Europe's, security. Zeitenwende represented Germany's coming to terms with, and final acceptance of, the realities of the post-Cold War European order.
Offensive ideas: structural realism, classical realism and Putin's war on Ukraine
Authors: Edinger Harald 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Controversy has surrounded realist explanations of the causes of Russia's war against Ukraine, particularly John Mearsheimer's charge of western responsibility. This article seeks to clarify and contextualize his argument, situating it within the broader paradigm. Realism, and even its narrower offensive sub-school, offers a wide range of contrasting interpretations, depending on which major actors are studied and what characteristics they are endowed with. Like its classical predecessor, structural realism is premised on implicit views of human nature. In an effort to explicate some of these assumptions about the behavioural micro-foundations of states and their leaders, the article investigates main components of structural theory—including power differentials, ‘rational’ interests and states as unitary actors—and connects these concepts to base emotions like fear and anger. It argues that realists do well to differentiate between the aspirations of states and individual leaders' quest for power and status. In the same vein, reference to Russian security concerns may be emblematic of elites' perceived challenges of cultural subordination, and Putin's personal fears for the stability of his regime. Engagement with realist thought is essential, in part because of its continuing influence on policy-making (particularly in Russia) and in order to forestall improper co-option of caricaturized versions of realist arguments.
From revolution and terrorism to revolutionary terrorism: the case of militant Salafism
Authors: Dixon Matthew , Lawson George 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
What is the relationship between revolution and terrorism? Much of the time, terrorism and revolution are taken to be distinct forms of political contention. This article argues that, to the contrary, their relationship is much closer than is often imagined. We show that a range of contemporary terrorist groups contain revolutionary elements: they seek to capture and hold territory, and see themselves as part of movements where the goal is to transform international as well as domestic orders. This provides two points of distinction: first, between ‘order-maintaining’ and ‘order-transforming’ goals; and second, between ‘minimalist’ and ‘maximalist’ tactics. The result is a taxonomy of different types of ‘revolutionary terrorism’. This analytic is used to dig deeper into the parameters of revolutionary terrorism, using militant Salafism as an example of a maximalist, order-transforming movement. A focus on transnational, order-transforming revolutionary terrorism generates a range of insights into the violent strategies, international dynamics and organizational forms used by Islamic State, al-Qaeda and related groups. The resulting research agenda, the article concludes, is rich in possibilities.
Twisted-fin parametric study to enhance the solidification performance of phase-change material in a shell-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage system
Authors: Bo Liu , Mahdi Jasim M , Rahbari Alireza , Majdi Hasan Sh , Xin Yi , Yaïci Wahiba , Talebizadehsardari Pouyan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Phase change material (PCM) is considered as one of the most effective thermal energy storage (TES) systems to balance energy supply and demand. A key challenge in designing efficient PCM-based TES systems lies in the enhancement of heat transmission during phase transition. This study numerically examines the privilege of employing twisted-fin arrays inside a shell-and-tube latent heat storage unit to improve the solidification performance. The presence of twisted fins contributes to the dominating role of heat conduction by their curved shapes, which restricts the role of natural convection but largely aids the overall heat-transfer process during solidification. The heat-discharge rate of twisted-fin configuration is increased by ∼14 and ∼55% compared to straight fin and no fin configurations—leading to a reduction in the solidification duration by ∼13 and ∼35%, respectively. The solidification front at various times has also been assessed through a detailed parametric study over the fin height, fin pitch number, and fin thickness. Over the range of values assumed, the fin height is the most dominant parameter – increasing the heat-retrieval rate from 10.0 to 11.4 W and decreasing the discharge time from above 3600 to 2880 s by varying the fin height from 2.5 to 7.5 mm.
Using Red Panel Traps to Detect Spotted-Wing Drosophila and its Infestation in US Berry and Cherry Crops
Authors: Panthi Babu , Cloonan Kevin R , Rodriguez-Saona Cesar , Short Brent D , Kirkpatrick Danielle M , Loeb Gregory M , Aflitto Nicholas C , Wiman Nik , Andrews Heather , Drummond Frank A , Fanning Philip D , Ballman Elissa , Johnson Benjamin , Beal Dylan J , Beers Elizabeth H , Burrack Hannah J , Isaacs Rufus , Perkins Jacquelyn , Liburd Oscar E , Lambert Arden R , Walton Vaughn M , Harris Edwin T , Mermer Serhan , Polk Dean , Wallingford Anna K , Adhikari Rosan , Sial Ashfaq A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of thin-skinned fruits in the United States. Monitoring traps are an integral part of SWD integrated pest management, allowing early detection and timely management of this pest. An ideal monitoring trap should be easy to use, effective in capturing SWD, sensitive and selective to male SWD which are easy to identify due to their spotted wings, and able to predict fruit infestation from trap captures. Deli-cup-based liquid traps (grower standard), which make in-situ observations difficult, were compared with red-panel sticky traps, both baited with commercial lures (Scentry, Trécé Broad-Spectrum (BS), and Trécé High-Specificity (HS)), across several US states in blueberries (lowbush and highbush), blackberry, raspberry, and cherry crops during 2018 and 2021. Results showed that red-panel traps effectively captured SWD, were able to detect male SWD early in the season while also being selective to male SWD all season-long, and in some cases linearly related male SWD trap captures with fruit infestation. Scentry and Trécé BS lures captured similar numbers of SWD, though Trécé BS and Trécé HS were more selective for male SWD in red panel traps than liquid traps in some cases. In conclusion, due to its ease of use with less processing time, red-panel traps are promising tools for detecting and identifying male SWD in-situ and for predicting fruit infestation. However, further research is needed to refine the trap captures and fruit infestation relationship and elucidate the trap-lure interactions in berry and cherry crops.