bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternations in markers of insulin resistance: HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, QUICKI, after dual therapy combination with valsartan/amlodipine in prediabetic hypertensive patients
Authors: Liontos A , Papathanasiou A , Biros D , Papagiannopoulos C , Athanasiou L , Tsourlos S , Veliani C , Kolios NG , Pappa C , Zarachi A , Christaki E , Liberopoulos E , Elisaf M , Milionis H , Liamis G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction-Purpose
The combination of valsartan with amlodipine is more effective than monotherapy for managing HT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the fixed combination of valsartan/amlodipine 160/5 mg per day on HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), HOMA-B (HOMA for β cell function) and QUICKI (quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index) values in patients with stage 2 hypertension (systolic arterial pressure 160-179 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure 100-109 mmHg) and prediabetes (IFG/IGT) before and after 3 months of treatment with the dual therapy.

Methods
Data from 54 patients who visited our outpatient clinic for lipid metabolism during the period 2014-2018. 54 persons were randomized in the valsartan/amlodipine group 160/5 mg per day (33 males/21 females from whom 14 were smokers and 8 were alcohol consumers) with BMI: 28.09[26.81-29.89], all of whom successfully completed the study. The median values of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure for the study population: 162 [159.25-165] and 100 [92-103.75] mmHg, respectively.

Results
The resulting variations of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure as well as the variations of HOMA-IR, HOMA-B and QUICKI are presented on Table 1.

Conclusions
From the studied group it is concluded that the 3-month treatment with valsartan/amlodipine improved with statistical significance the values of both systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (reduction by -13.58% and -13% for systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, respectively, p&lt;0.001, for both values). Regarding glucose levels, there has also been a reduction by -0.04%, without statistical significance, while the increase of insulin levels (+16.13%) by the end of the 3-month period was also deemed statistically insignificant. Additionally, there have been noted statistically insignificant increases in HOMA-IR (+12.65%) and HOMA-B (+17%). Finally, no change has been observed in QUICKI values.
Changes in TRG/ApoA-1 ratio, TRG/HDL-C ratio and lipid serum profile after combination therapy with manidipine/delapril in prediabetic hypertensive patients
Authors: Liontos A , Papathanasiou A , Biros D , Papagiannopoulos C , Tsourlos S , Athanasiou L , Zarachi A , Pappa C , Pargana E , Nasiou M , Christaki E , Liberopoulos E , Elisaf M , Milionis H , Liamis G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction-Purpose
Both manidipine and delapril have been proven to have a neutral effect on lipids. Patients with idiopathic hypertension are being administered with the 30mg hydrochloric delapril and 10mg hydrochloric manidipine formulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the fixed combination of delapril/manidipine 30/10mg on lipid and apolipoprotein levels as well as on TRG/ApoA-1 and TRG/HDL-C ratios as indicative markers of insulin resistance, in patients with stage 2 hypertension (systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160-179 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 100-109 mmHg) and with prediabetes (IFG/IGT), before and after the 3-month treatment.

Methods
53 patients referred to our outpatient clinic for lipid metabolism disorders and met the study’s criteria were included, during the period 2014-2018. In the group of delapril/minidipine there were randomized 30 males and 23 females from whom 12 were smokers and 7 alcohol users). The patients’ BMI was 28.73 [27.73-30.3] and the values of SBP and DBP were: 156 [151-161] και 100 [88-101] mmHg, respectively. The serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured before and after the 3-month treatment.

Results
The resulting variations of SBP and DBP levels, as well as the changes in lipid levels, apolipoprotein levels and TRG/ApoA-1 and TRG/HDL-C ratios are presented on Table 1.

Conclusion
From the sample group it can be observed that the 3-month combination therapy with manidipine/delapril improved statistically significantly both SBP and DBP levels (reduction by -13.58% and -13%, respectively). Concerning serum lipid levels, the combination therapy statistically significantly improved TCHOL, LDL-CHOL, and non-HDL-CHOL levels (decrease by 4.01%, 6.7% and 5.4%, p= 0.009, 0.006 and 0,08 respectively). The changes in apolipoprotein values were small and only ApoB values showed a statistically significant variation. Finally, there wasn’t a statistically significant improvement on neither TRG/ApoA-1 nor TRG/HDL-C ratios.
Blood pressure target attainment according to the recent ESC cardiovascular prevention guidelines
Authors: Barkas F , Koutsogianni AD , Adamidis P , Anastasiou G , Liberopoulos E , Liamis G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
New cardiovascular prevention guidelines have recently been issued by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

Purpose
To record blood pressure (BP) target attainment according to the recent ESC cardiovascular prevention guidelines.

Methods
A retrospective observational study involving 1334 dyslipidemic patients followed-up for ≥3 years at the Outpatient Lipid Clinic in University General Hospital of Ioannina, Greece. BP target attainment was recorded. ESC 2021 guidelines recommend a general target of BP &lt;140/80 mmHg and individual targets of: i) diastolic BP &lt;80 mmHg in all patients and ii) systolic BP 120-130 mmHg in patients 18-69 years of age without chronic kidney disease, or systolic BP 130-140 mmHg in patients 18-69 years of age with chronic kidney disease, or in those ≥70 years of age.

Results
Among the 1334 subjects, 935 (45% men, 68 [60-75 years old]) were diagnosed with hypertension and received antihypertensive treatment. Of those, 19% were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, 24% with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and 23% with type 2 diabetes. Of those, 75% were receiving an angiotensin receptor blocker, 52% a thiazide diuretic, 52% a calcium channel blocker, 37% a β-blocker, 13% an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, 6% an aldosterone receptor blocker and 2% a centrally acting antihypertensive drug. Half of subjects had BP &lt;140/80 mmHg, but only 21% achieved the individualized BP targets.

Conclusions
A considerable proportion of hypertensive patients do not achieve target BP values.
Heart rate variability and atrial fibrillation in the general population: a longitudinal and mendelian randomization study
Authors: Geurts S , Tilly MJ , Arshi B , Stricker BHC , Kors JA , Deckers JW , De Groot NMS , Ikram MA , Kavousi M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The Rotterdam Study is funded by Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE), the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, the European Commission (DG XII), and the Municipality of Rotterdam. This study is further supported by the Gender and prevention grant (555003017) from ZonMw.

Background
Sex-differences and the causality of the association between heart rate variability (HRV) and atrial fibrillation (AF) remain unclear.

Purpose
To investigate the sex-differences and the causality of the association between heart rate variability and atrial fibrillation.

Methods
12,334 participants free of AF from a large population-based cohort study were included. Measures of HRV including the standard deviation of normal RR-intervals (SDNN), SDNN corrected for heart rate (SDNNc), RR-interval differences (RMSSD), RMSSD corrected for heart rate (RMSSDc), and heart rate were assessed at baseline and follow-up examinations. Joint models, adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, were used to determine the association between longitudinal measures of HRV with new-onset AF. Additionally, we evaluated sex-differences. Genetic variants for HRV were used as instrumental variables in a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using GWAS summary-level data.

Results
During a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 1,302 incident AF cases occurred. In joint models, higher SDNN (hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24, 1.04-1.47, p=0.0213), and higher RMSSD (HR, 95% CI, 1.33, 1.13-1.54, p=0.0010) were significantly associated with new-onset AF. Sex-stratified analyses showed that the associations were mostly prominent among women. In MR analyses, genetically determined decreases in SDNN (odds ratio (OR), 95% CI, 1.60, 1.27-2.02, p=8.36x10-05), and RMSSD (OR, 95% CI, 1.56, 1.31-1.86, p= 6.32x10-07) were significantly associated with increased AF risk.

Conclusions
Longitudinal measures of uncorrected HRV were significantly associated with new-onset AF, in particular among women. MR analyses supported the causal relationship between uncorrected measures of HRV with AF. Our findings indicate that measures to modulate HRV might prevent AF in the general population, especially among women.
Dietary total antioxidant capacity is associated in Polish men and women with the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors
Authors: Witkowska AM , Waskiewicz A , Zujko ME , Mironczuk-Chodakowska I , Drygas W 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality in the Polish population. Improper diet and lifestyle are among the risk factors for CVD. Previous studies have suggested that dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) is a measure of diet quality.

Purpose
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between diet quality measured by DTAC and the prevalence of CVD and CVD risk factors in the representative sample of men and women in Poland.

Methods
The study evaluated participants (2594 men, 3136 women) of the population-based cross-sectional Polish National Multicenter Health Examination Survey (WOBASZ II), which was conducted in 2013-2014. Dietary data were collected using a single 24-hour dietary recall method. The database on dietary antioxidants was compiled from published and own experimental data. DTAC was calculated taking into account the antioxidant capacity of individual foods and the amount of food intake. Men and women were divided into quartiles of CVD prevalence and its risk factors (diabetes; hypertension; BMI≥25; central obesity, CO; low level of leisure-time physical activity, LTPA) according to DTAC. Statistical calculations were performed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS), version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).

Results
DTAC in men ranged from 0.47 to 95.69 mmol/day, while in women it was 0.32-191.82 mmol/day. In men, the prevalence of CVD was 23.7% in the lowest DTAC quartile (Q1) versus 14.9% in the highest quartile (Q4) (p&lt;0.0001), while in women it was 23.4% (Q1) and 17.4% (Q4), respectively (p&lt;0.0002). In women, but not in men, DTAC was inversely associated with diabetes (p&lt;0.0002), hypertension (p&lt;0.0001), CO (p&lt;0.02) and low LTPA (p&lt;0.0006).

Conclusions
DTAC is inversely related to the prevalence of CVD in both genders. In women, but not in men, there is a significant inverse association of DTAC with CVD risk factors such as metabolic diseases, central obesity and lower physical activity. In order to reduce the risk of CVD, Polish men and women should be advised to improve the quality of their diet by increasing the dietary intake of antioxidants.
Manipulating rest interval length in sprint interval training alters post-exercise hypotension and within-session oxygen consumption
Authors: Ketelhut S , Moehle M , Guerlich T , Hottenrott L , Hottenrott K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
It is well documented that sprint interval training (SIT) elicits similar or even superior health and performance benefits compared to continuous aerobic training, albeit a significantly reduced time commitment. A distinctive feature of intermittent exercise training is the possibility to modulate the different training variables resulting in numerous different protocols. This makes this training approach infinitely variable and individually adjustable. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of manipulating the rest interval length during SIT on post-exercise hypotension and within-session oxygen consumption.

Methods
Thirty healthy adults (aged 30.9 ± 8.7 years; BMI 22.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2; 14 males, 16 females) participated in this study. All participants completed two SIT protocols consisting of 4x 30-seconds all-out cycling sprints interspersed by either 1 (R1) or 3 (R3) minutes of active recovery. Both before and throughout the 45 minutes after the training, peripheral systolic (pSBP) and diastolic (pDBP) blood pressure, central systolic (cSBP) and diastolic (cDBP) blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and heart rate (HR) were assessed. Throughout the SIT protocols, oxygen consumption (VO2) was continuously monitored.

Results
Only after R3 a significant reduction in pSBP, pDBP, cSBP, cDBP, and PWV could be detected. Significant interaction effects could be detected in pSBD, pDBP, cSBP, cDBP, and PWV. HR significantly increased after both conditions (Table 1.). No significant (p&gt;0.05) differences in time spent at 75%, 85%, 95%, and 100% of maximal VO2 between R1 and R3 could be detected.

Conclusion
Rest interval manipulation seems to affect hemodynamic responses to SIT with longer resting intervals resulting in more substantial post-exercise hypotension effects. Time spent at a high percentage of maximal VO2 was not attenuated by rest interval manipulation. These results add crucial information for the prescription of SIT.
Heart rate recovery and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Michailidou S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Purpose
An attenuated decrease of heart rate recovery (HRR) immediately after exercise is an indicator of autonomic dysfunction and has been linked with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in both healthy and clinical population. However, the evidence regarding its potential prognostic value varies across studies making its implementation in clinical practice for risk assessment difficult. The purpose of the present systematic review is therefore, to investigate the predictive value of heart rate recovery in CVD disease and all-cause mortality, in an evidenced-based manner to encourage its incorporation in clinical practice

Methods and Results
A systematic review was performed through a comprehensive search on PubMed that focused only on prospective cohort studies. Of the studies retrieved, a total of 13 eligible articles were included in this systematic review with nine of them enrolling 37 457 participants and 709 CVD cases for cardiovascular events, and 12 comprising 45 905 participants and 4 301 deaths for all-cause mortality.The study quality of the included studies was rated moderate to high (4-8) with high heterogeneity (I² = 0.0001). Results revealed no statistically significant difference in HRR for patients with and without cardiovascular events M=-2672.16, at 95% CI [-7341.6,1997.32] ; P-value = .234 as well as for people who died and those who did not M= -3141.667, at 95% CI [-7627.448,1344.144], P-value = .151. Also, the association between CVD and mortality was presented statistically significant, Chi-Square = p&lt;0.0001 while a further analyses of heart rate recovery revealed that when distinguished between low and high, it was found to have a strong positive association with all-cause mortality, Chi-Square = p&lt;0.0001.

Conclusion
The current systematic review findings indicated that a low HRR is directly linked with greater all-cause mortality risk. Also, given the strong association found between CVD and mortality, the study further supported that even though indirectly, a low HRR is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, supporting the notion that HRR has a prognostic value and could be used in clinical practice.
Women-specific risk factors and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in UK Biobank
Authors: Lu Z , Geurts S , Aribas E , De Groot NMS , Kavousi M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and carries a large morbidity and mortality risk. Recent evidence suggests differences in epidemiology and pathophysiology of AF between women and men and underscores a poorer prognosis of AF among women. This calls for further investigation regarding the impact of women-specific risk factors on AF development.

Purpose
To investigate the association between women-specific risk factors and new-onset AF.

Methods
235,191 women (mean [standard deviation] age: 55.7 [8.1] years) free of AF and without a history of hysterectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy from the UK Biobank were included. Various women-specific risk factors were assessed from 2006 to 2010. Follow-up of new-onset AF occurred through October 2020. Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to investigate prospective associations between each risk factor and incident AF. Additionally, natural splines were used to identify any potential nonlinear associations.

Results
After a median follow-up of 11.6 (interquartile range: 10.9–12.3) years, 4,629 (2%) women experienced new-onset AF. In fully adjusted models, having experienced irregular menstrual cycle was significantly associated with increased new-onset AF risk [hazard ratio (HR); 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34; 1.01-1.79]. In addition, nonlinear associations were found between menopausal age, menarcheal age, number of live births, and number of total reproductive years with incident AF. Compared to the reference, early menopause (menopause &lt;45 years of age) or delayed menopause (&gt;60 years) significantly increased risks of incident AF (HR; 95CI: 1.24; 1.10-1.39 and 1.34; 1.01-1.78, respectively). Compared to the reference, both early menarche (menarche ≤11 years) and late menarche (menarche ≥13 years) were associated with AF incidence (HR; 95CI: 1.10; 1.00-1.21 and 1.08; 1.00-1.17, respectively). Compared to women with one or two children, having no children (HR; 95CI: 1.13; 1.04-1.24), or more than six children (HR; 95%CI: 1.67; 1.03-2.70) were associated with higher AF risks. Having reproductive years ≤20 years was significantly associated with incident AF (HR; 95CI: 1.74; 1.07-2.86).

Conclusions
Having experienced early or delayed menopause, early or late menarche, or irregular menstrual cycles conferred higher risks of incident AF among women in the UK Biobank. Interestingly, both nulliparity and multiparity, compared to having one or two children, were associated with an increased AF risk. Our results highlight the importance of knowledge regarding the reproductive history of women in devising screening strategies for AF prevention.
Baseline carotid intima-media complex echogenicity associates with the 3-year progression of intima-media thickness
Authors: Nyman E , Liv P , Wester P , Naslund U , Gronlund C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Region Vasterbotten Central ALF and the Swedish Research Council

Background
Echogenicity of the intima-media (IM) complex and progression of carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) have both separately been demonstrated to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unknown if the IM echogenicity reflects arterial wall remodelling associated with increased progression of cIMT.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate if the baseline echogenicity of the IM-complex measured by ultrasound is associated with cIMT progression over a 3-year follow-up period.

Methods
Ultrasound images from baseline and 3-year follow-up performed for the randomised controlled trial ‘Visualization of asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease for optimum cardiovascular prevention’ (VIPVIZA) were included in this study (n: 3154). Participants were 40, 50 or 60 years old at baseline and had at minimum one traditional risk factor for CVD to be included in the VIPVIZA study. Measurements of mean cIMT were made at baseline and in the 3-year follow-up in the distal 1 cm of the common carotid artery at standardised angles bilaterally. Echogenicity of the IM-complex was determined by greyscale median (IM-GSM), automatically calculated from the B-mode ultrasound images. Associations between IM-GSM at baseline and the 3-year progression of cIMT were investigated using linear regression models, and stratified by sex, age and VIPVIZA study group (intervention versus control). In addition, adjusted analysis for traditional risk factors was also performed. All analysis was carried out on left and right sides separately.

Results
The unadjusted analysis showed associations between baseline IM-GSM with the 3-year progression of cIMT (p&lt;0.001 for both left and right sides, Figure 1). The association between IM-GSM and cIMT was statistically significant bilaterally in both male and female participants and on comparison of VIPVIZA study subgroups. When stratifying by age group, the association between baseline IM-GSM and cIMT progression was present among 40 (p&lt;0.001) and 60 year olds (p&lt;0.001), but not among 50 years old (p=0.906) in the left side. In the right CCA the association was significant among 40 years old (p=0.047), but not for 50 and 60 years (p=0.106 and 0.067, respectively). Adjustments for traditional risk factors did not alter the estimated relationship between baseline IM-GSM and 3-year cIMT progression.

Conclusion
Baseline ultrasound echogenicity of the IM-complex is associated with the 3-year progression of cIMT among a middle-aged population with subclinical atherosclerosis. Echogenicity of the IM-complex may serve to identify arterial wall remodelling reflecting progressive atherosclerotic disease and could be a valuable tool in future CVD prevention.