bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overestimated gains in water‐use efficiency by global forests
Authors: Gong Xiao Ying , Ma Wei Ting , Yu Yong Zhi , Fang Keyan , Yang Yusheng , Tcherkez Guillaume , Adams Mark A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreases in terrestrial water‐use efficiency (WUE) have been reported in many studies, pointing to potential changes in physiological forcing of global carbon and hydrological cycles. However, gains in WUE are of uncertain magnitude over longer (i.e. >10 years) periods of time largely owing to difficulties in accounting for structural and physiological acclimation. 13C signatures (i.e. δ13C) of plant organic matter have long been used to estimate WUE at temporal scales ranging from days to centuries. Mesophyll conductance is a key uncertainty in estimated WUE owing to its influence on diffusion of CO2 to sites of carboxylation. Here we apply new knowledge of mesophyll conductance to 464 δ13C chronologies in tree‐rings of 143 species spanning global biomes. Adjusted for mesophyll conductance, gains in WUE during the 20th century (0.15 ppm year−1) were considerably smaller than those estimated from conventional modelling (0.26 ppm year−1). Across the globe, mean sensitivity of WUE to atmospheric CO2 was 0.15 ppm ppm−1. Ratios of internal‐to‐atmospheric CO2 (on a mole fraction basis; ci/ca) in leaves were mostly constant over time but differed among biomes and plant taxa—highlighting the significance of both plant structure and physiology. Together with synchronized responses in stomatal and mesophyll conductance, our results suggest that ratios of chloroplastic‐to‐atmospheric CO2 (cc/ca) are constrained over time. We conclude that forest WUE may have not increased as much as previously suggested and that projections of future climate forcing via CO2 fertilization may need to be adjusted accordingly.
Narratives from Casa Tina Martins' Women's referral center: Aesthetics of existence in the struggle against gender violence
Authors: Garcia de Oliveira Thaís Zimovski , Pereira Rafael Diogo , de Pádua Carrieri Alexandre 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study intends to evidence narratives of the political experience of the Casa Tina Martins Women's Referral Center, to understand how the women of the group constitute and organize themselves against gender violence. This was done from the articulation between the esthetics of existence proposed by Foucault (2014) and the work of feminist authors such as Margareth Rago (2013) and others, in which the problematization of experiences that allow the subject to rethink the world can be seen as a way of understanding social oppression without reducing the subject to the role of inert victim, but showing how they are always invested by power in their ways of existing and resisting. Initially, an immersion in the Center was carried out from the perspective of Feminist Participatory Action Research (Ponic et al., 2010). Then, reports were collected to build narratives of participants. The field research showed that the participation and engagement in a social movement stem from the individual process of struggle with the various forms of subjection and violence in the life trajectory of each woman. Moreover, the Center could be understood as a core of teachings to all types of organizations since it is a remarkable experience that overlaps its political goal with its feminist ways of organizing as a “meta‐organizational” phenomenon. Finally, it was possible to consider Casa Tina Martins as an enabling space to question gender‐based violence and promote personal narratives by feminist women as political possibilities of resistance and social change.
Transitional care for patients with acute stroke—A priority‐setting project
Authors: Solbakken Liss Marita , Langhammer Birgitta , Sundseth Antje , Brovold Therese 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe scope of this priority‐setting process is communication and collaboration in transitional care for patients with acute stroke. Actively involving persons with stroke and their family caregivers is important both in transitional care and when setting priorities for research. Established priority‐setting methods are time‐consuming and require extensive resources. They are therefore not feasible in small‐scale research. This article describes a pragmatic priority‐setting process to identify a prioritized top 10 list of research needs regarding transitional care for patients with acute stroke.MethodsA pragmatic priority‐setting approach inspired by the James Lind Alliance was developed. It involves establishing a user group, identifying the research needs through an online survey, analysing and checking the research needs against systematic reviews, culminating in an online prioritization of the top 10 list.ResultsThe process was completed in 7 months. A total of 122 patients, family caregivers, health personnel and caseworkers submitted 484 research needs, and 19 users prioritized the top 10 list. The list includes the categories ‘patients and caregivers’ needs and health literacy’, ‘health personnel's common understanding’, ‘information flow between health personnel and patients and caregivers’, ‘available interventions and follow‐up of patients and caregivers’, ‘interaction and collaboration between health personnel and caseworkers across hospital and primary healthcare’ and ‘disabilities after stroke’.ConclusionThis paper outlines a pragmatic approach to identifying and prioritizing users' research needs that was completed in 7 months. The top 10 list resulting from this priority setting process can guide future research relating to communication and collaboration during the transition from hospital to the community for patients with stroke.Patient and Public ContributionMembers of three stroke organizations participated in the advisory group. They gave feedback on the scope and the process, distributed the surveys and prioritized the top 10 list. Persons with stroke and their caregivers submitted research needs in the survey.
Surface decorations to abrupt change performance, robustness, and stability of electrodes for solid oxide cells
Authors: Hiraldo Edwin Vega , Molouk Ahmed Fathi Salem , Tian Hanchen , Abdallah Ahmed Bahgat , Li Wenyuan , Liu Xingbo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSolid oxide cell electrodes need to display a wide range of combined properties, for example, electronic and ionic conductivities, catalytic activity, chemical compatibility with other parts, thermal expansion match, phase stability, and tolerance to foreign species/contaminants. It is extremely challenging for a single material to meet all these features required. Surface decoration is a remarkably adaptive strategy to provide needed features to the electrodes by introducing functioning materials through various target‐guided methods. This review provides an overview of typical and novel techniques to create surface decoration on the electrodes to abruptly improve the drawbacks of the electrodes of solid oxide cells, including performance enhancement, stability of long‐term operation, and tolerance to poisoning foreign species. It starts with the introduction of surface decoration experimental procedure, proceeds to crucial characterization methods that are particularly effective in identifying the properties of the surface coating, continues with target‐oriented practice in terms of surface decoration materials choice and microstructure manipulation, and ends with the explorations of functioning mechanisms for the resultant behavior. With hope, the review will spark more novel utilizations of surface decoration practice to promote the technical status of the solid oxide cells for widespread commercialization in the future.
Novel quinoline-based derivatives as the PqsR inhibitor against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
Authors: Huang Xuan-He , She Meng-Ting , Zhang Yi-Hang , Liu Yi-Fu , Zhong Dong-Xiao , Zhang Yi-Han , Zheng Jun-Xia , Sun Ning , Wong Wing-Leung , Lu Yu-Jing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
The emerging of drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a critical challenge and renders an urgent action to discover innovative antimicrobial interventions. One of these interventions is to disrupt the pseudomonas quinolone signal (pqs) quorum sensing (QS) system, which governs multiple virulence traits and biofilm formation. This study aimed to investigate the QS inhibitory activity of a series of new PqsR inhibitors bearing a quinoline scaffold against Ps. aeruginosa.

Methods and Results
The results showed that compound 1 suppressed the expression of QS-related genes and showed the best inhibitory activity to the pqs system of wild-type Ps. aeruginosa PAO1 with an IC50 of 20.22 μmol L−1. The virulence factors including pyocyanin, total protease, elastase and rhamnolipid were significantly suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner with the compound. In addition, compound 1 in combination with tetracycline inhibited synergistically the bacterial growth and suppressed the biofilm formation of PAO1. The molecular docking studies also suggested that compound 1 could potentially interact with the ligand-binding domain of the Lys-R type transcriptional regulator PqsR as a competitive antagonist.

Conclusions
The quinoline-based derivatives were found to interrupt the quorum sensing system via the pqs pathway and thus the production of virulence factors was inhibited and the antimicrobial susceptibility of Ps. aeruginosa was enhanced.

Significance and Impact of Study
The study showed that the quinoline-based derivatives could be used as an anti-virulence agent for treating Ps. aeruginosa infections.
Nonsense mutations in KRT1 caused recessive epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with knuckle pads
Authors: Mo R. , Lin M. , Lee M. , Yan W. , Wang H. , Lin Z. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) is characterized by diffuse hyperkeratosis affecting palms and soles with suprabasal epidermolysis or vacuolar degeneration histopathologically. The disorder is caused by heterozygous mutations in KRT9 or KRT1. Dominant‐negative mutations in KRT1 could also result in epidermolytic ichthyosis with EPPK, a more severe entity affecting the entire body.ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic basis and pathogenesis of two unrelated patients with EPPK and knuckle pads, both of whom were born to consanguineous parents of Chinese origin.MethodsNext‐generation sequencing was applied to the two patients using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood. Quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), immunofluorescence (IF) staining and Western blot (WB) were employed to evaluate mRNA and protein expression level. Ultrastructural changes of skin lesion were analysed using transmission electron microscopy.ResultsTwo novel homozygous mutations, c.457C>T (p.Gln153*) and c.33C>G (p.Tyr11*) in KRT1, were identified in patients 1 and 2 respectively. The nonsense mutations were predicted to result in nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay and absence of keratin 1, which was confirmed in the skin lesions from patient 1. Upregulated keratin 2 was detected both in the affected and unaffected skin samples from patient 1, while the protein abundance and distribution pattern of keratin 10 remained unchanged. An aberrant and clumped staining pattern of keratin 9 was noted in the palmar skin of patient 1.ConclusionsHomozygous ‘knockout’ mutations in KRT1 resulted in EPPK with knuckle pads rather than epidermolytic ichthyosis. We speculated that sparing of non‐acral skin might be due to compensatory effect of keratin 2 upregulation by forming heterodimer with keratin 10.
Risks and benefits of dermatological machine learning health care applications—an overview and ethical analysis
Authors: Willem T. , Krammer S. , Böhm A.‐S. , French L.E. , Hartmann D. , Lasser T. , Buyx A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundVisual data are particularly amenable for machine learning techniques. With clinical photography established for skin surveillance and documentation purposes as well as progress checks, dermatology is an ideal field for the development and application of emerging machine learning health care applications (ML‐HCAs). To date, several ML‐HCAs have detected malignant skin lesions on par with experts or found overlooked visual patterns that correlate with certain dermatological diseases. However, it is well established that ML‐HCAs come with ethical and social implications.ObjectivesCurrently, there is a lack of research that establishes model design, training, usage and regulation of such technologies sufficient to ensure ethically and socially responsible development and clinical translation, specifically within the field of dermatology. With this paper, we aim to give an overview of currently discussed ethical issues relating to dermatological ML‐HCAs.MethodsOn the basis of a thematic, keyword‐based literature search, we performed an ethical analysis against established frameworks of biomedical ethics. We combined our results with current, relevant normative machine learning ethics literature to identify the status quo of the ethics of ML‐HCAs in dermatology. We describe the benefits and risks of dermatological ML‐HCAs that are currently being developed for clinical purposes.ResultsThe potential benefits range from better patient outcomes to better knowledge accessibility to decreasing health care disparities, that is, standards of care between different population groups. The risks associated with ML‐HCAs range from confidentiality issues to individual patient outcomes as well as the exacerbation of prevalent health care disparities. We discuss the practical implications for all stages of dermatological ML‐HCA development.ConclusionWe found that ML‐HCAs present stakeholder‐specific risks for patients, health care professionals and society, which need to be considered separately. The discipline lacks sufficient biomedical ethics research that could standardize the approach to ML‐HCA model design, training, use and regulation of such technologies.
An integrated analysis of herpes virus infections from eight randomized clinical studies of baricitinib in adults with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Werfel T. , Irvine A.D. , Bangert C. , Seneschal J. , Grond S. , Cardillo T. , Brinker D. , Zhong J. , Riedl E. , Wollenberg A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with an increased risk for viral infections including those caused by herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus.ObjectivesThis study examined treatment‐emergent (TE) herpes simplex infection including eczema herpeticum (EH), and herpes zoster (HZ), in adult patients with AD receiving ≥1 dose of baricitinib (BARI), an oral selective inhibitor of Janus kinase 1/2.MethodsWe evaluated data from six double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled (PC) trials and two long‐term extension studies, within three analysis sets: PC, 2–4‐mg BARI extended and All‐BARI‐AD. Frequency, incidence rate (IR)/100 person‐years (PYs) and clinical characteristics of TE‐herpes simplex, EH and HZ were reported.ResultsIn the All‐BARI‐AD dataset (n = 2531; 2247 PYs), herpes simplex was reported in 8.9% of patients (n = 224; IR = 10.3). Most herpes simplex events were rated as mild or moderate (93.3%), rarely led to permanent discontinuation (2.2%) and presented mostly as oral/perioral herpes simplex (51.3%). TE‐EH occurred at a low frequency (All‐BARI‐AD 1.7% n = 43; IR = 2.0) and were reported in 0.5%, 0.2% and 1.4% of patients receiving placebo, 2‐mg or 4‐mg BARI respectively. In the All‐BARI‐AD dataset, most events were investigator‐rated as mild/moderate (79.1%), affected ≤2% of the body surface area (74.2%) and occurred as single events (88.4%). Serious TE‐EH (n = 11) occurred exclusively in patients with poor disease control (vIGA‐AD™ score ≥3) at infection onset. TE‐HZ was reported in 2.1% of BARI patients (n = 53; IR = 2.3), without a dose relationship during the PC period (IR = 2.7 and IR = 0.0) or the extended dataset (IR = 3.7 and IR = 1.7) for 2‐ or 4‐mg BARI respectively.ConclusionsTE‐herpes simplex was common, while occurrence of EH was uncommon. Most events of EH were localized with involvement of a small BSA and were linked to poor disease control. Events of HZ were rare in the PC dataset and without a dose dependent increase in frequency.
First report on the occurrence of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) in India
Authors: Badhusha Allahbagash , Nafeez Ahmed Abdul , Suryakodi Selvam , Abdul Wazith Mohamed Jaffer , Mithra Sivaraj , Kanimozhi Kumarasamy , Abdul Majeed Seepoo , Taju Gani , Sahul Hameed Azeez Sait 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study reports the occurrence of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) for the first time in India. The koi carp, with clinical signs of ulcer with haemorrhage on body surface, necrosis of fin and discolouration of gill associated with huge mortality, were observed in aquarium shops, rearing tanks and grow‐out ponds located in Chennai, India. The PCR assay carried out on infected fish samples using different primer sets specific to CyHV‐3 confirmed its presence in the infected fish. Sequence analysis of partial thymidine kinase gene revealed 100% similarity with the sequence of CyHV‐3 available in GenBank. Cell lines of koi carp and catla were found to be susceptible to CyHV‐3 and its replication was confirmed by viral‐specific cytopathic effect, PCR and bioassay. The CyHV‐3 infection was reproduced by intramuscular injection of inoculum prepared from CyHV‐3‐infected fish to satisfy Koch's postulates. Tissue tropism of CyHV‐3 in infected fish by PCR assay revealed the presence of CyHV‐3 in all vital organs with prominent band in gill and gut tissue.
Understanding the Relationship Between Disability and Enhancement
Authors: Chaproniere Lysette 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper assesses how views of disability and enhancement can combine. It is hard to maintain that disabilities and enhancements are both undesirable. Disability‐positive views can combine with support for or opposition to enhancement, but not with the view that enhanced traits reliably increase well‐being. It is consistent to hold that disability is bad and enhancement good; the plausibility of this combination depends on whether it is better to have more options and fewer limitations. Understanding these combined positions makes it easier to check for consistency by evaluating positions on disability and enhancement against each other.
Characterization ofLasiodiplodiaspecies causing leaf blight, stem rot and fruit rot of fig (Ficus carica) in Malaysia
Authors: Nur‐Shakirah Abdul Omar , Khadijah Mohd Safie , Kee Yee Jia , Huda‐Shakirah Abd Rahim , Mohd Hafifi Abu Bakar , Nurul‐Aliyaa Yakath Ali , Chew Bee Lynn , Zakaria Latiffah , Mohamed Nor Nik Mohd Izham , Sreeramanan Subramaniam , Leong Yin‐Hui , Mohd Masratul Hawa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFig (Ficus carica) is an exotic deciduous plant that is grown worldwide. Fungal diseases pose a major threat to fig plants, affecting their fruit quality and production. This study was conducted to characterize the fungal isolates associated with leaf blight, stem rot and fruit rot ofF.caricain Malaysia through morphological analysis, DNA sequencing, multigene phylogenetic analysis and pathogenicity tests. From September 2018 to March 2019, 30 blighted leaves and 30 rotted stems and fruits ofF.caricawere collected from several nurseries in Malaysia. Thirty fungal isolates that belonged toLasiodiplodia theobromae(27 isolates) andL. brasiliensis(three isolates) were identified based on morphological characteristics, comparison of DNA sequences and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), elongation translation factor 1‐α (tef1‐α), β‐tubulin (tub2) and DNA‐directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2). Among the 27 isolates ofL.theobromae, nine isolates were obtained from leaves, eight isolates from stems and 10 isolates from fruits, whereas the three isolates ofL.brasiliensiswere obtained from stems (two isolates) and a leaf (one isolate). The results of pathogenicity tests revealed thatL.theobromaeandL.brasiliensisisolates were responsible for leaf blight and stem rot ofF.carica, whereas fruit rot was caused byL.theobromaeisolates. The present study highlighted two different species,L. theobromaeandL.brasiliensis, as the causal agents of leaf blight and stem rot ofF.carica. Additionally,L.theobromaecaused fruit rot ofF.caricain Malaysia.
Early physiological indicators of narcissism and self‐esteem in children
Authors: Brummelman Eddie , Nikolić Milica , Nevicka Barbara , Bögels Susan M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA common belief is that narcissism is a manifestation of high self‐esteem. Here, we argue that self‐esteem and narcissism are fundamentally distinct and have unique early physiological indicators. We hypothesized that children predisposed to narcissism would show elevated, whereas children predisposed to high self‐esteem would show lowered, physiological arousal in social‐evaluative contexts. We tested this in a prospective study including 113 children, who were first assessed at age 4.5, a critical age when children begin evaluating themselves through others' eyes. At age 4.5, children sang a song in front of an audience while being videotaped. Children's physiological arousal (skin conductance, heart rate, and heart rate variability) was assessed while children anticipated, performed, and recovered from the singing task. At age 7.5, children's narcissism and self‐esteem levels were assessed. Consistent with our predictions, children predisposed to higher narcissism levels showed elevated skin conductance levels during anticipation. Their skin conductance levels further rose during performance (but less so than for other children) and failed to return to baseline during recovery. By contrast, children predisposed to higher self‐esteem levels showed lowered skin conductance levels throughout the procedure. The effects emerged for skin conductance but not heart rate or heart rate variability, suggesting that arousal was sympathetically driven. Effects were larger and more robust for self‐esteem than for narcissism. Together, these findings uncover distinct physiological indicators of narcissism and self‐esteem: Narcissism is predicted by indicators reflecting early social‐evaluative concerns, whereas self‐esteem is predicted by indicators reflecting an early sense of comfort in social‐evaluative contexts.