bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of the ALSFRS‐R for predicting ALS and comorbid disease neuropathology: The Veterans Affairs Biorepository Brain Bank
Authors: Colvin Leigh E. , Foster Zachariah W. , Stein Thor D. , Thakore‐James Manisha , Salajegheh Mohammad Kian , Carr Kendall , Spencer Keith R. , Abdul Rauf Nazifa , Adams Latease , Averill James G. , Walker Sean E. , Robey Ian , Alvarez Victor E. , Huber Bertrand R. , McKee Ann C. , Kowall Neil W. , Brady Christopher B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) functional rating scale‐revised (ALSFRS‐R) is commonly used to track ALS disease progression; however, there are gaps in the literature regarding the extent to which the ALSFRS‐R relates to underlying central nervous system (CNS) pathology. The current study explored the association between ALSFRS‐R (total and subdomain) scores and postmortem neuropathology (both ALS‐specific and comorbid disease).MethodsWithin our sample of 93 military veterans with autopsy‐confirmed ALS, we utilized hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to identify discrete profiles of motor dysfunction based on ALSFRS‐R subdomain scores. We examined whether emergent clusters were associated with neuropathology. Separate analyses of variance and covariance with post‐hoc comparisons were performed to examine relevant cluster differences.ResultsAnalyses revealed significant correlations between ALSFRS‐R total and subdomain scores with some, but not all, neuropathological variables. The HCA illustrated three groups: Cluster 1—predominantly diffuse functional impairment; Cluster 2—spared respiratory/bulbar and impaired motor function; and Cluster 3—spared bulbar and impaired respiratory, and fine and gross motor function. Individuals in Cluster 1 (and to a lesser degree, Cluster 3) exhibited greater accumulation of ALS‐specific neuropathology and less comorbid neuropathology than those in Cluster 2.DiscussionThese results suggest that discrete patterns of motor dysfunction based on ALSFRS‐R subdomain scores are related to postmortem neuropathology. Findings support use of ALSFRS‐R subdomain scores to capture the heterogeneity of clinical presentation and disease progression in ALS, and may assist researchers in identifying endophenotypes for separate assessment in clinical trials.
Quantitative muscle analysis in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy usingwhole‐body fat‐referenced MRI: Protocol development, multicenter feasibility, and repeatability
Authors: Widholm Per , Ahlgren André , Karlsson Markus , Romu Thobias , Tawil Rabi , Wagner Kathryn R. , Statland Jeffrey M. , Wang Leo H. , Shieh Perry B. , van Engelen Baziel G. M. , Cadavid Diego , Ronco Lucienne , Odueyungbo Adefowope O. , Jiang John G. , Mellion Michelle L. , Dahlqvist Leinhard Olof 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsFunctional performance tests are the gold standard to assess disease progression and treatment effects in neuromuscular disorders. These tests can be confounded by motivation, pain, fatigue, and learning effects, increasing variability and decreasing sensitivity to disease progression, limiting efficacy assessment in clinical trials with small sample sizes. We aimed to develop and validate a quantitative and objective method to measure skeletal muscle volume and fat content based on whole‐body fat‐referenced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for use in multisite clinical trials.MethodsSubjects aged 18 to 65 years, genetically confirmed facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1 (FSHD1), clinical severity 2 to 4 (Ricci's scale, range 0–5), were enrolled at six sites and imaged twice 4–12 weeks apart with T1‐weighted two‐point Dixon MRI covering the torso and upper and lower extremities. Thirty‐six muscles were volumetrically segmented using semi‐automatic multi‐atlas‐based segmentation. Muscle fat fraction (MFF), muscle fat infiltration (MFI), and lean muscle volume (LMV) were quantified for each muscle using fat‐referenced quantification.ResultsSeventeen patients (mean age ± SD, 49.4 years ±13.02; 12 men) were enrolled. Within‐patient SD ranged from 1.00% to 3.51% for MFF and 0.40% to 1.48% for MFI in individual muscles. For LMV, coefficients of variation ranged from 2.7% to 11.7%. For the composite score average of all muscles, observed SDs were 0.70% and 0.32% for MFF and MFI, respectively; composite LMV coefficient of variation was 2.0%.DiscussionWe developed and validated a method for measuring skeletal muscle volume and fat content for use in multisite clinical trials of neuromuscular disorders.
Interaction between social behavior and paternal age in offspring of the same paternal mice
Authors: Tanaka Miho , Sato Atsushi , Kotajima‐Murakami Hiroko , Kashii Hirofumi , Hagino Yoko , Ide Soichiro , Ikeda Kazutaka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimPrevious studies reported that advanced paternal age (APA) may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. However, effects of APA on behaviors have not been investigated in offspring of the same paternal mice. The present study sought to identify behavioral differences in mouse offspring of the same fathers at different paternal ages.MethodsWe assessed locomotor activity, anxiety‐like behavior, and social behavior in male mouse offspring that were born from the same fathers at three different paternal ages (3, 12, and 15 months old).ResultsNo differences in locomotor activity or anxiety‐like behavior were observed among any of the offspring groups. In the three‐chamber test, although the control group (3‐month‐old paternal age) exhibited significantly higher approach behavior toward the novel mouse compared with the novel object, the APA groups (12‐ and 15‐month‐old paternal ages) did not exhibit significant approach toward the novel mouse.ConclusionOffspring of 3‐month‐old fathers but not 12‐ or 15‐month‐old APA fathers exhibited social preference behavior. Although the present study was only exploratory, it demonstrated an interaction between social behavior and paternal age in offspring of the same paternal mice.
Structure–property relations in semi‐crystalline combinatorial poly(urethane‐isocyanurate)‐type hydrogels
Authors: Driest Piet J , Dijkstra Dirk J , Stamatialis Dimitrios , Grijpma Dirk W 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWithin the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, the development of tough hydrogel biomaterials is a challenging topic that has received much attention over the past few years. Recently, a method was developed to synthesize tough combinatorial poly(urethane‐isocyanurate) (PUI)‐type hydrogels by the trimerization of mixtures of NCO‐functionalized prepolymers. As this synthesis approach allows a large degree of freedom in terms of polymer network design with a high level of control over the polymer network structure, the resulting systems are ideally suited for studying structure–property relations in tough hydrogel systems. In this work, we aim to systematically investigate the influence of introducing a hydrophobic component into a PUI polymer network on the mechanical properties of the resulting PUI hydrogels. Additionally, the effect of (the degree of) crystallinity of the hydrophobic network component is investigated. For this, two series of combinatorial PUI hydrogels are synthesized, based on a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) prepolymer and increasing amounts of either a crystallizable hydrophobic prepolymer (poly(ε‐caprolactone)) or an amorphous hydrophobic prepolymer (poly(propylene glycol)). It is shown that the toughness of amorphous PUI hydrogels is hardly influenced by the hydrophobic content, whereas the toughness of semi‐crystalline PUI hydrogels strongly increases with increasing hydrophobic content. Also, the toughness of the latter hydrogels increases further with increasing degree of crystallinity of the hydrogel. Finally, it is shown that the semi‐crystalline PUI hydrogels are promising materials for biomedical adhesive and coating applications, as well as for load‐bearing biomedical applications within the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2022 Covestro Deutschland AG. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Comparative Study on the Damage Effects in the Deflagration Process of Typical Liquid Propellants
Authors: Xu Fei‐Yang , Li Hua‐Bo , Sang Fu‐Nao , Zhang Yan , Wang Yan‐Ru , Ge Ze‐Chen , Luo Yi‐Min , Liu Xi‐Chen , Liu Da‐Bin , Xu Sen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo study the damage effects caused by accidental deflagration of liquid propellants during production, storage, transportation and use, the information of the deflagration processes and the shock wave hazards of three typical liquid propellants under external flame stimulation were obtained by a high‐speed camera and a shock wave pressure acquisition system. Additionally, in the same situation, the highest temperature of the surface fireball and the law of fireball of the thermal radiation were also studied by an infrared thermal imager and heat flux test system. High‐speed video results showed that the fireball of DT‐3 developed most violently of the three liquid propellants; anhydrous hydrazine took the second place and metallized gelled MMH was the weakest. The average TNT equivalents of 18 kg anhydrous hydrazine, 18 kg DT‐3, 120 kg anhydrous hydrazine and 120 kg DT‐3 were 0.724, 0.629, 0.000375 and 0.0293 respectively. The peak values of thermal radiation flux were in the order of DT‐3>anhydrous hydrazine>metallized gelled methylhydrazine. The corresponding death radius in the accident was supposed to be 20–30 m. Experimental results indicated that package design pressure of liquid propellant had a significant effect on the intensity of the reaction response to the action of flame stimulation. Within a certain range, the package design pressure of liquid propellant should be appropriately reduced to improve its security in storage and use. The study provided a theoretical guidance for the explosion protection of liquid propellant in case of accidental deflagration.
Exceptional Algebroids and Type IIA Superstrings
Authors: Hulík Ondřej , Valach Fridrich 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study exceptional algebroids in the context of warped compactifications of type IIA string theory down to n dimensions, with . In contrast to the M‐theory and type IIB case, the relevant algebroids are no longer exact, and their locali moduli space is no longer trivial, but has 5 distinct points. This relates to two possible scalar deformations of the IIA theory. The proof of the local classification shows that, in addition to these scalar deformations, one can twist the bracket using a pair of 1‐forms, a 2‐form, a 3‐form, and a 4‐form. Furthermore, we use the analysis to translate the classification of Leibniz parallelisable spaces (corresponding to maximally supersymmetric consistent truncations) into a tractable algebraic problem. We finish with a discussion of the Poisson–Lie U‐duality and examples given by tori and spheres in 2, 3, and 4 dimensions.
Battery failure analysis and characterization of failure types
Authors: Berg Sean 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article is an introduction to lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) battery types, types of failures, and the forensic methods and techniques used to investigate the origin and cause to identify failure mechanisms. This article discusses common types of Li‐ion battery failure with a greater focus on the thermal runaway, which is a particularly dangerous and hazardous failure mode. Forensic methods and techniques that can be used to characterize battery failures will also be discussed. This is the first article in a six‐part series. The first article describes ways in which Li‐ion batteries can fail, followed by a discussion of challenges assessing the reliability of such a rapidly evolving technology in article two. The third article discusses potential mitigation strategies for BESS facilities, and the fourth article discusses the consequences of catastrophic failure in a BESS. Article five provides a review of available analytical approaches to evaluate existing structures and design new structures for protection from Li‐ion battery hazards. The final article is an overview of Li‐ion BESS failures and risk management considerations.
A study of the hydraulic parameters and ecological significance of braided rivers under flow variations
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Hong , You Lihua , Zhu Zaixiang , Li Yong , Lu Yun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne‐dimensional numerical simulations based on the actual braided‐channel geometry in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River can be used to calculate the characteristics of braided channels in terms of their branching conditions and hydraulic parameters. Numerical modeling in the study area showed that a higher number of branches at fish‐spawning grounds may provide more suitable habitats for local organisms to survive. During most of the year, the distributions of the flow velocity and water depth in the higher‐branching channels were significantly lower than those in the lower‐branching channels. The hydromorphological index of diversity (HMID) of higher‐branching channels was higher than that of lower‐branching channels during all water periods, which showed the higher habitat heterogeneity of higher‐branching channels. The Froude numbers of higher‐branching channels ranged from 0.1 to 0.3, and the stable flow regime partially explained why higher‐branching channels are important habitats for fish‐spawning and nurseries. The lower flow velocities and water depths in the higher‐branching channels may have met the hydraulic habitat conditions for the survival of juvenile fish. This article analyses the characteristics of the hydraulic parameters and the ecological significance of braided river channels and provides theoretical support for the protection of fish habitats in braided rivers.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines as Potent Anticancer Agent and Their In‐Silico Studies
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Yadav Neha , Jain Harshita , Deswal Nidhi , Upadhyay Ravindra Kumar , Leekha Ankita , Verma Anita Kamra , Kareem Abdul , Chikati Rajasekhar , Kumar Lalita S 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn our effort directed toward the discovery of novel potent anticancer agents, a large library of novel 4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines (23‐58) with heterocyclic ring at 4, position of aryl group has been synthesized through Hantzsch synthesis. These synthesized hybrids have been well characterized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines viz. EAC, HEK, and MCF cell lines by MTT assay. The cytotoxic activity has been revealed by the effects of various types of substituent present on the dihydropyridine ring. All the synthetics (23‐58) have shown good potency against EAC cell line. However, compounds 36, 40, 42, and 54 have displayed significant inhibitory potential against both EAC and MCF‐7 cell lines. In addition, these promising analogues have been selected for their molecular docking studies against 5TVQ protein to know the binding affinity which was identified to be a plausible target site. Compound 42 has exerted the highest inhibition effect on cancerous cells and more potency than the reference drug, doxorubicin even at low concentration (1μg/ml) and showed non‐toxicity to human normal cells suggesting high safety to normal cells. Compound 42 has also shown the highest docking score and inhibition constant which could be regarded as convincing lead for further clinical pursuit.
Facile Synthesis of MOF‐Derived One‐Dimensional Nitrogen‐doped Carbon/Ni Composites and their Application as Catalysts and Protein Adsorbents
Authors: Pan Wentao , Zheng Jing , Du Hong , Zhang Baishun , Xu Jingli , Zhang Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetallic nickel is of particular interest because of its low cost, magnetic property, and multifunctional uses. Herein, a facile strategy to fabricate one dimensional(1D) carbon microrods with magnetic Ni nanoparticles(NPs) by one‐step carbonization of nickel‐ion‐nitrilotriacetic acid coordination polymer microrods (Ni‐NTA) has been presented. After the carbonization, the original morphology of Ni‐NTA microrods is preserved well. Fine magnetic Ni NPs are well dispersed in the carbon matrix, which possesses an impressive saturation capacity for Histidine‐rich protein, BHb. Moreover, such N‐doped carbon microrods with well‐dispersed Ni NPs on its surface present an excellent catalytic performance and stability by using the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol as a model reaction. Notably, the selected Ni‐NTA microrods and melamine act as Ni‐precursor and N‐doped carbon sources play a vital role in the formation of 3D hierarchical carbon dendrites composed of carbon microfiber trunks and carbon nanotube branches.
Design, and Synthesis of Aryl Derivatives of Imidazopyridine‐Thiadiazoles as Possible Anticancer Agents
Authors: Mannem Gangadhara Rao , Navudu Ramesh , Dubasi Narsimhaswamy , Mohammed Mujahid Alam , Bollikolla Hari Babu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, we reported a new library of arylthiadiazole analogs of imidazopyridines (9 a–j) designed based on the structures of Nocodazole and Cefozopran. After characterization by spectroscopic data, the synthesized analogs were assessed for anticancer potential using MTT assay against PC3, A549, MCF‐7 and DU‐145 human cancer cell lines. Etoposide, an anticancer medication candidate, was employed as a positive control. The anticancer activity of the synthesized analogues was expressed in IC50 ranging from 0.01±0.008 μM to 19.3±7.65 μM and compared with positive control. Five compounds 9 d, 9 e, 9 g, 9 h and 9 j possessed more potent anticancer properties.
On Features of Halocyclization of 4‐Allyl‐5‐substituted‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐thiones and Synthesis of New Derivatives of 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Galstyan Armen S. , Grigoryan Sevak V. , Samvelyan Melanya A. , Frangyan Vardges R. , Yeganyan Tigran H. , Ayvazyan Armen G. , Ghochikyan Tariel V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA study was carried out on the regioselectivity of the electrophilic halocyclization of 4‐allyl‐5‐substituted‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐thiones by the action of bromine and iodine. It was revealed which factors influence the structure of the reaction products. 6‐(Bromomethyl)‐3‐substituted‐5,6‐dihydrothiazolo[2,3‐c]‐[1,2,4]triazoles have been shown to be good starting materials for the synthesis of polyheterocyclic systems containing a 1,2,3‐triazole ring. In contrast, 6‐iodo‐3‐substituted‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3]thiazines do not undergo azidation. Due to the dehydrohalogenation reaction, a double bond is formed.
Social safety nets and new venture performance: The role of employee access to paid family leave benefits
Authors: Bao Jiayi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study examines how social safety nets providing paid family leave (PFL) benefits to employees influence subsequent business performance for entrepreneurial ventures. A multilevel framework guided by qualitative interviews proposes two competing mechanisms (pre‐hiring recruitment gains via prospective employees and post‐hiring operation losses via incumbent employees) and a firm‐level contingency (venture innovation type). Leveraging the 2009‐implemented New Jersey PFL program in a difference‐in‐differences design, I show that employee access to state‐provided PFL benefits adversely affects the profitability for noninnovative new ventures but increases profitability for innovative ventures. Exploration of treatment timing and intermediate venture outcomes supports a dominating pre‐hiring mechanism for innovative ventures (in which the ventures become more attractive to joiners) but a dominating post‐hiring mechanism for noninnovative ventures (due to employee leave).Managerial SummaryWhat are the business implications of employee access to paid family leave (PFL) benefits for nascent firms? Leveraging evidence from a U.S. state PFL program, the study shows that employee access to state PFL benefits hurts the profitability of noninnovative ventures but increases the profitability of innovative ventures. Results suggest that while noninnovative ventures experience operation losses as incumbent employees increase family leave use or quit their jobs, innovative ventures reap recruitment gains by attracting more and better prospective employees. For founders and managers, the provision of employee benefits is more central to firms' ability to create superior human capital pools than often thought and should be aligned with organizational incentive design and HR systems to prepare for productivity shocks related to employee leave use.
A Comparison of Haptic and Auditory Feedback as a Warning Signal for Slip in Tele-Operation Scenarios
Authors: van Beek Femke E. , Bisschop Quinten , Gijsbertse Kaj , de Vries Pieter S. , Kuling Irene A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSlip feedback is an important cue in everyday object manipulation, but it is generally missing in tele-operation systems. To test the usefulness of simple, abstract types of feedback that warn the user about slip events, we tested the effect of auditory and haptic vibration feedback in a tele-operation task. Participants were asked to hold an object in a remote robot hand, and the force profiles that they exerted in response to slip events were measured. Haptic feedback did not significantly change the response characteristics, but auditory feedback did significantly improve response latency. A small but significant difference between haptic and auditory reaction times (60 ms) found in our control experiment might explain the difference between the feedback types.
Haptic Guidance for Teleoperation: Optimizing Performance and User Experience
Authors: Becker Leonie , Weber Bernhard , Bechtel Nicolai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHaptic guidance in teleoperation (e.g. of robotic systems) is a pioneering approach to successfully combine automation and human competencies. In the current user study, various forms of haptic guidance were evaluated in terms of user performance and experience. Twenty-six participants completed an obstacle avoidance task and a peg-in-hole task in a virtual environment using a seven DoF force feedback device. Three types of haptic guidance (translational, rotational, combination of both, i.e. 6 DoF) and three guidance forces and torques (stiffnesses) were compared. Moreover, a secondary task paradigm was utilized to explore the effects of additional cognitive load. The results show that haptic guidance significantly improves performance (i.e. completion times, collision forces). Best results were obtained when the guidance forces were set to a medium or high value. Additionally, feelings of control were significantly increased during higher cognitive load conditions when being supported by translational haptic guidance.
A Rotary Induction Actuator for Kinesthetic and Tactile Rendering
Authors: Daher Georges , Régnier Stéphane , Haliyo Sinan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractActuators with low inertia and high bandwidth are of great interest for haptic devices, as they improve the quality of force rendering and transparency. This paper describes, as a proof of concept, a new design in rotary induction motors, the Axial-DSIM (Axial Double-Sided Induction Motor). This motor has a simple design construction that consists of a thin and lightweight disc-shaped moving secondary (rotor) surrounded by fixed primaries on both sides that generate a rotating magnetic field that induces a force on the disc. The low inertia of this motor and its principle of operation make it possible to render high-fidelity torques with high dynamics.