bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug Prescription Knowledge and Practices among Dental Students and Interns Enrolled in Selected Yemeni Universities
Authors: Al-Wesabi Mohammed Ali , Al-Sanaani Saba , Al-Taybi Shrooq , Binrugaan Somya , Al-Raih Altaf , Albashari Abdullkhaleg , Ebrahem Hisham Ebrahem 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess the drug prescription knowledge among dental students and interns in public and private Yemeni universities.
Methods: A descriptive, observational study of drug prescription knowledge and practices was conducted through the distribution of self-administrated questionnaires to a total of 464 dental students and interns enrolled in four universities in Yemen in 2015. The study investigated the factors to be considered before drug prescribing, indications for prescribing antibiotics in dental situations, common antibiotics and analgesics prescribed, difficulties in writing a prescription and knowledge of the World Health Organization’s Guide to Good Prescribing. Findings were presented as descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages, and differences and associations were tested at P-values <0.05.
Results: The majority of respondents were females (65.9%; 304/464), being enrolled in public universities (54.1%; 251/464) and from the fifth level of study (54.9%; 251/464). The mean respondents’ age was 23.0 ±1.3 years (range: 22–32). Presence of systemic diseases (75.0%), pregnancy status (72.2%) and presence of allergies (68.8%) were the factors most frequently considered by the respondents prior to drug prescribing. On the other hand, presence of abscesses was the most frequent reason for prescribing antibiotics (36.6%). Amoxicillin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic (74.1%), while paracetamol (58.2%) and ibuprofen (47.0%) were the most frequently prescribed analgesics. Not knowing the brand names of prescribed drugs and wrongly filled prescriptions were the most frequent errors in writing prescriptions, being reported by 79.3% and 55.3% of respondents, respectively. Regarding the factors associated with common prescribing errors, female students had significantly more errors than their male counterparts regarding the posology and knowledge of brand names. In addition, fifth-level students reported significantly fewer errors in writing a drug prescription than fourth-level students, and the interns showed fewer errors than their undergraduate colleagues. Moreover, students from public universities reported significantly more errors in knowing brand names and duration of treatment than private university students.
Conclusions: Dental students enrolled at the fourth and fifth levels as well as in the internship year of dentistry have insufficient knowledge and skills in prescribing drugs used in the dental field because of the perceived gaps in clinical pharmacology courses during their study. Revising the timing and content of pharmacology courses in dental curricula is required in light of the positive aspects of those from the dental faculties worldwide, emphasizing on drug prescribing skills and preparing dental students well before the clinical levels of the study program.
Spinal Tuberculosis among Yemeni Patients Admitted to Two Major Hospitals in Sana’a: A Neurosurgey Experience
Authors: Amer Majed A. , El-Zine Monya A. Y. 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To analyze the outcomes of neurosurgical treatment of dorsal spinal tuberculosis (TB) among Yemeni patients.
Methods: Forty-three patients with histopathology-confirmed dorsal spinal TB, who had been admitted to Kuwait University Hospital of Sana’a University and the University of Science and Technology Hospital, Sana’a, were followed up for the outcomes of neurosurgical treatment in the period from Ott. 2009 to Oct. 2005. Data about the clinical presentation, radiologic findings and the outcomes of surgical treatment were recorded and analyzed.
Results: Of patients undergoing neurosurgical treatment of dorsal spinal TB, 28 were males and 15 were females, with a mean age of 41.3 years (range: 18–70). Nearly a half of patients (50.6%) were farmers and 80% of patients were admitted to hospitals three months after the disease onset. All patients presented with back pain, while paraplegia/paraparesis and sensory impairment were reported in 81.4% and 87.4% of patients at presentation, respectively. Four patients (9.2 %) had cold abscesses and were treated by abscess drainage, while 90.8% of patients were treated by surgical decompression, debridement and posterior transpedicular fixation by screws and rods.
Conclusions: The posterior approach for the treatment of spinal TB, with bilateral transpedicular access to anterior decompression together with posterior transpedicular fixation, has satisfactory outcomes regarding the clinical improvement and spinal stabilization among Yemeni patients.
Conventional versus Modified Preauricular Incision Approaches to the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in Sana’a City, Yemen: A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Al-Hudaid Ali , Hussien Mohammed , Al-Wesabi Mohammed , Aldialami Abdullwahab , Helmi Jameel 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To compare between the conventional and modified preauricular incision approaches to the management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis among Yemeni patients in Sana’a city, Yemen.
Methods: This comparative clinical study recruited ten patients (7 males and 3 females; age range: 6–35 years) with true fully or partially bony or fibrous TMJ ankylosis. These patients were admitted to and followed up in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology Hospital in Sana’a in the period from May 2013 to February 2016. Five patients with condylar capsule ankylosis were subjected to the conventional preauricular approach, while the other five cases with ankylosis that extends beyond the condylar capsule and reaches the zygomatic arch were subjected to the modified preauricular approach. Both approaches were evaluated and compared for the time required, intra- and post-operative complications and aesthetic results.
Results: The mean times required to carry out the operations were 4.45 and 3.20 hours for conventional and modified preauricular approaches, respectively.Facial nerve injury was present in two patients undergoing the conventional preauricular approach, but this reversed to normal after four to five months. Patient of both groups experienced no facial paralysis or post-operative auriculotemporal syndrome. Intra-operative bleeding was mild to moderate among the patients of both approaches, and none of the patients required blood transfusion intra- or post-operatively. Major blood vessels were injured in three cases undergoing the conventional preauricular approach. All patients subjected to both approaches showed satisfactory aesthetic end results.
Conclusions: Conventional and modified preauricular approaches provide excellent accessibility and visibility to the surgical field during the management of TMJ ankylosis among Yemeni patients, with the latter being slightly superior. In addition, the modified preauricular approach is associated with fewer complications, absence of facial nerve injury and reduced surgical time compared to the conventional approach.
Antibiotic Resistance Trends of Gram-negative Bacteria Most Frequently Isolated from Inpatients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen
Authors: Kubas Mohammed Abdullah , Zabad Abdulrahman Ali , Alqadhi Dalal Mohammed , AL-Azab Mahmoud Ali 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the trends of antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria, most frequently isolated from inpatients at the University of Science and Technology Hospital (USTH) in Sana'a, Yemen.
Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study on the antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria most frequently isolated from respiratory tract, pus, urine, blood and other types of specimens from inpatients admitted to the USTH. Data were retrieved from the hospital records of culture-positive inpatients in the period from January 2006 to December 2013, and annual trends of resistance were compared using chi-square test for trends at P values < 0.05.
Results: Of 2005 Gram-negative bacterial isolates in the period from 2006 to 2013, the most frequently isolated species were Escherichia coli (41.6%), Acinetobacter species (26.7%), Klebsiella species (21.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.6%). Amikacin and carbapenems were the most active drugs against E. coli, with a decrease in the susceptibility of this species to the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and a variable resistance rate to quinolones that significantly increased in 2013. Acinetobacter species susceptibility to most antibiotics decreased significantly over the years of the study, where polymyxin B was the only one found to be effective against this species. On the other hand, the trend of Klebsiella species resistance to imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime increased over the years of the study. Susceptibility of Klebsiella species to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin showed fluctuations, while the susceptibility of aminoglycosides (amikacin and gentamicin) and ampicillin-sulbactam showed no difference. The resistance of P. aeruginosa to the majority of antibiotics was not dramatically changed over the years of the study period, but gentamicin resistance rate was considerably dropped from 77.8% in 2008 to 25.9% in 2013.
Conclusions: Of the most frequently isolated Gram-negative bacteria in Sana'a, Acinetobacter species has the highest resistance rate to the most commonly used antibiotics, where only polymyxin B is effective against this species. P. aeruginosa shows an unchanging rate of resistance to antibiotics in the USTH despite being quite resistant to antibiotics on a global scale, which could be attributed to the smaller number of P. aeruginosa isolates tested over the study period. Further large-scale studies on the trends of antibiotic resistance rates in hospital-based settings and the best ways to counteract such resistance in Yemen are recommended.
Imprisonment as a Criminal Sanction against Corporations in Forestry Crimes: How Is It Possible?
Authors: Hafrida Hafrida , Kusniati Retno , Monita Yulia 
Published: August 2022

Environmental harms are frequently part and parcel of ordinary commercial practice. This study aimed to highlight the importance of applying imprisonment as a corporate criminal sanction in forestry crimes to observe and consider individual and far-reaching victims. Forest crimes impact the community’s socio-cultural life and cause environmental damage by increasing global warming. Based on the laws and regulations, fines as criminal sanctions do not effectively deter corporations. Subsequently, imprisonment could be an alternative criminal sanction against corporations through identification where corporate liability could be identified through its management. Actions taken by the management are not based on their rights and authorities but those of the corporations. Therefore, imprisonment and other sanctions such as restitution are expected to effectively and viably address forestry crimes.
Experimental Study on the Failure Characteristics and Damage Evolution of Sandstones from Typical Buried Depths in High In Situ Stress Area
Authors: Li Yi-hang , Xie He-ping , Feng Gan , Zhang Ru , Zhang Guang-ze , Xu Zheng-xuan , Feng Tao , Wang Dong , Yi Xiao-juan , Chen Ming-hao , Zhang An-lin , Zhang Zhi-long , Ren Li 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study is aimed at exploring the mechanical properties and failure characteristics of the rocks surrounding a railway tunnel in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at typical buried depths. Uniaxial compression and AE experiments were carried out on sandstones taken from the same borehole. The results show that the elastic modulus and peak strength of the 750 m depth sandstones are much higher than those of the 350 m depth sandstones. The crack evolution in the 750 m depth sandstones was more orderly, and its brittle failure characteristics were more obvious as compared with the 350 m depth sandstones. The fractal dimension of the samples from the typical depths reached the minimum value when the fracture volume state changed from compression to expansion. In addition, the damage variable based on the crack volumetric strain theory (DC) and cumulative ring counts of acoustic emission (DA) can, respectively, reflect the generation and penetration of cracks and the physical properties of rocks at the two typical depths. The combination of DC and DA can be used to analyze the evolution of the sandstone’s damage. The research results have basic theoretical significance for the excavation and geological disaster prevention of tunnels in sandstone sections at typical depths in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Clinical evaluation of rare copy number variations identified by chromosomal microarray in a Hungarian neurodevelopmental disorder patient cohort
Authors: Lengyel Anna , Pinti Éva , Pikó Henriett , Árvai Kristóf , Abonyi Tünde , Némethi Zaránd , Fekete György , Haltrich Irén 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders are genetically heterogeneous pediatric conditions. The first tier diagnostic method for uncovering copy number variations (CNVs), one of the most common genetic etiologies in affected individuals, is chromosomal microarray (CMA). However, this methodology is not yet a routine molecular cytogenetic test in many parts of the world, including Hungary. Here we report clinical and genetic data of the first, relatively large Hungarian cohort of patients whose genetic testing included CMA. Methods: Clinical data were retrospectively collected for 78 children who were analyzed using various CMA platforms. Phenotypes of patients with disease-causing variants were compared to patients with negative results using the chi squared/Fisher exact tests. Results: A total of 30 pathogenic CNVs were identified in 29 patients (37.2%). Postnatal growth delay (p=0.05564), pectus excavatum (p=0.07484), brain imaging abnormalities (p=0.07848), global developmental delay (p=0.08070) and macrocephaly (p=0.08919) were more likely to be associated with disease-causing CNVs. Conclusions: Our results allow phenotypic expansion of 14q11.2 microdeletions encompassing SUPT16H and CHD8 genes. Variants of unknown significance (n=24) were found in 17 patients. We provide detailed phenotypic and genetic data of these individuals to facilitate future classification efforts, and spotlight two patients with novel potentially pathogenic alterations. Our results contribute to unraveling the diagnostic value of rare CNVs.
Study of induced gravity and correlation theory analysis of nuclear Synthesis chemical elements
Authors: Bingxiong Wen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Modern aerodynamics is the dynamics of gas propulsion. It requires precise data, material resources, manpower, and time. It is urgent to find a more suitable power source. Based on the gravitational effects of dark energy and dark matter, the cyclic process of cosmic physics black holes to odd black holes and dark energy black holes, special fusion and fission phenomena are common in the universe, and theoretical studies such as Einstein's general theory of relativity are no exception. Through the study of the source of cosmic elements, the formation environment of stellar elements, the theory and method of modern physical artificial elements，as well as atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and nuclear reactors to precipitate elemental products，we have designed a device which can synthesize physically stable elements and discover new chemical elements. A device capable of synthesizing physically stable elements and discovering new chemical elements is designed.
Does fixation of both clavicle and scapula is better than clavicle alone in surgical treatment of floating shoulder injury? A retrospective study
Authors: Shao Yijie , Zhu Xu , Liu Bo , Ji Chenchen , Chen Guangdong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Little research was available to explore which surgical fixation was better between fixation of both clavicle and scapula and clavicle alone in management of floating shoulder injury.Methods: Total 69 patients with floating shoulder injury receiving surgery from February 2005 to July 2020 participated in the study. 49 patients underwent fixation of the clavicle alone (Group C) while 20 patients underwent fixation of both clavicle and scapula (Group C+S). They were further divided into subgroups according to age: Group C1, Group C+S1 (age≤55 years old) and Group C2, Group C+S2 (age＞55 years old). The radiological parameter (glenopolar angle (GPA)) and clinical outcomes (Herscovici score, Constant-Murley shoulder outcome score (CSS score), and Visual Analogue Scale score (VAS score)) were collected and compared between these groups. The correlation between age and radiological parameter and clinical outcomes were calculated by the Spearman correlation analysis. Results: All people were followed up for at least 1 year. The degree of change in GPA before and after surgery in Group C+S is significantly better than that in Group C. The Herscovici and CSS score in Group C+S2 were significantly higher than those in Group C2 at 1 month, 3 months and 1 year after surgery. However, no significant difference in Herscovici and CSS score was found at final follow-up (1 year after surgery) between Group C+S1 and Group C1. The VAS score in Group C+S2 at final follow-up was significantly lower than that in Group C2. No significant difference in VAS score at final follow-up was found between Group C+S1 and Group C1. In addition, the VAS score was negatively correlated with Herscovici and CSS score. No correlation was found between VAS score and GPA.Conclusions: Both types of surgical fixation are effective in management of floating shoulder injury. For young people with floating shoulder injury, both types of surgical fixation are equally effective. However, for older people with floating shoulder injury, fixation of both clavicle and scapula is better in prognosis than fixation of clavicle alone.
Comparing the Performance of Kernel PCA Mix Chart with PCA Mix Chart for Monitoring Mixed Quality Characteristics
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad , Mashuri Muhammad , Khusna Hidayatul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Along with the development of information and technology, the quality characteristics of a product cannot be monitored separately in the different types of control charts. In the past, conventional control charts were developed to monitor only one type of quality characteristic. The variable control charts are used to observe the variable or metric quality characteristics. Meanwhile, in monitoring non-metric characteristics or categorical data, attribute control charts are employed. To accommodate these two types of data, the PCA Mix control chart is suggested to simultaneously monitor these two types of data in one chart. However, some drawbacks occur when this chart is applied to monitor non-metric data which has an imbalanced proportion. Therefore, the Kernel PCA Mix control chart is created to overcome the gaps that occurred in the PCA Mix chart. Similar to the previous chart, this chart is also constructed using Hotelling’s T2 statistics with Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) control limit. Several simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed control charts. The simulation results show that the proposed chart has a better result than the previous control chart, especially for a small shift with an imbalanced proportion of non-metric data. However, the PCA Mix chart has a similar performance to the proposed chart when it is applied to monitor the balanced proportion of categorical data with a large shift. The application with simulated data with various scenarios and the real-world case also shows that the Kernel PCA Mix chart performs better compared to the performance of the PCA Mix chart.
Conjugation to a cell-penetrating peptide drives the tumour accumulation of the GLP1R antagonist exendin(9-39)
Authors: Camps Estel Collado , Lith Sanne van , Kip Annemarie , Frielink Cathelijne , Joosten Lieke , Brock Roland , Gotthardt Martin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Exendin, an analogue of the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP1), is an excellent tracer for molecular imaging of pancreatic beta cells and beta cell-derived tumours. The commonly used form, exendin-4, activates the GLP1 receptor and causes internalisation of the peptide-receptor complex. As a consequence, injection of exendin-4 can lead to adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting and hypoglycaemia and thus requires close monitoring during application. By comparison, the antagonist exendin(9–39) does not activate the receptor, but its lack of internalisation has precluded its use as a tracer. Improving the cellular uptake of exendin(9–39) could turn it into a useful alternative tracer with less side-effects than exendin-4.
Methods
We conjugated exendin-4 and exendin(9–39) to the well-known cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) penetratin. We evaluated cell binding and internalisation of the radiolabelled peptides in vitro, and their biodistribution in vivo.
Results
Exendin-4 showed internalisation irrespective of the presence of the CPP, whereas for exendin(9–39) only the penetratin conjugate internalised. Conjugation to the CPP also enhanced the in vivo tumour uptake and retention of exendin(9–39).
Conclusion
We demonstrate that penetratin robustly improves internalisation and tumour retention of exendin(9–39), opening new avenues for antagonist-based in vivo imaging of GLP1R.
Desire and motivation for parenthood during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of cis-gender minoritized sexual identities with cis-heterosexual individuals living in Germany
Authors: Batz Falk , Lermer Eva , Lech Sonia , O'Malley Grace , zehni Alaleh Zati , Zenz-Spitzweg Davina , Mahner Sven , Behr Joachim , Thaler Christian J. , Buspavanich Pichit 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread across the globe and is associated with significant clinical and humanitarian burden. Indeed, the SARS-COV 2 virus has impacted on society asymmetrically: Marginalized social minority groups, such as individuals who do not exclusively sexually identify as heterosexual, represent a vulnerable population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. While higher rates of anxiety and depression have been reported in individuals with minoritized sexual identities (compared to heterosexual individuals) during the COVID-19 pandemic, the specific impact of the pandemic and its social restriction measures on this population is poorly understood.
Methods
From April to July 2020, we conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey online among N = 2463 adults living in Germany. We screened for depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-4; PHQ-4) and assessed individuals’ desire for parenthood during the pandemic, and motives for or against the desire for parenthood (Leipzig questionnaire on motives for having a child, Version 20; LKM-20), with the aim of identifying differences between individuals with minoritized sexual identities and heterosexual individuals.
Results
Compared to heterosexual individuals (n = 1304), individuals with minoritized sexual identities (n = 831) indicated higher levels of depressive symptoms. In our study sample the majority of all participants’ (81.9%) reported no change in the desire for parenthood since the COVID-19 pandemic. The ranking of the motives for parenthood did not change since the pandemic in heterosexuals and individuals with minoritized sexual identities. Nevertheless, both subgroups scored lower in all motives compared to the time before the pandemic.
Conclusions
The findings underline the unmet need for social, psychological and medical support in regard to family planning and the desire for parenthood during the pandemic. Furthermore, future research should explore COVID-19-related psychological consequences on individuals’ desire for parenthood and building a family.