bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soybean, Aerial Insecticide Application for Control of Mexican Bean Beetle and Bean Leaf Beetle And Evaluation Of Effects Of Treatments on Predators And Parasites, 1978
Authors: Hellman John L. , Dively Galen , Azarion G. , Burtman John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Essex soybeans were planted on May 11 near Linkwood, MD in 30 in rows and at the time of spray treatments, plants were in the R-6 stage of maturity. Treatment plots within a production field were single 5 acre blocks. Treatments Sept T’78 were randomized within the field but not replicated. Post treatment samples on Sept 5’78 were taken with 3 random sets of 50 net sweeps (15 inch dia net) per block. Post treatment survival counts of Pediobius were made by collecting 25 parasitized Mexican bean beetle larvae (mummies) per treatment block and holding these until the wasps emerged usually 1-2 weeks after collection. Sprays were applied by helicopter with 47T hollow cone nozzles 23 with No. 3 tips and No. 25 cores and 24 witfi No. 2 tips and 23 cores calibrated to deliver 3 gal/acre at 4 mph and 60 PSI. At time of treatment Sept 1 foliage damage by MBB in all plots ranged 20-40%. Larvae were mature (most in the last 2 instars) and pupation was underway in all plots.
Green Cloverworm Efficacy Trials, 1979
Authors: Pedigo L. , Higgins R. , Bechinski E. , Buntin D. , Funderburk J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ninety-six soybean plots (var. Elf) were located 4 miles southwest of Ames, Iowa. Each plot measured 40 ft × 4 rows (30-in centers) and was bordered by 2 buffer rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 4 blocks, each with 24 treatments. Treatments are presented in the table. Treatments were applied on July 18 with a 4-row, C02_charged bicycle sprayer (liquid output 20.25 gal/a). Delavan BC 10-70° No. 6 nozzles were used. Weather conditions during the afternoon spraying were: slightly cloudy, breeze ca. 3 mph, and temperature ca 79° F. Soybeans were in growth stage R2 (full bloom) at spraying and had progressed through R3 (pods growing in size) when sampling terminated. Successive rows of each plot were sampled with a 15-in dia. sweep net (20 sweeps/plot) on 4 dates: July 18 (pre-treatment), July 19 (24-hr post-treatment), July 21 (3 days posttreatment), and July 25 (7 days post-treatment). Samples were examined for insects in the laboratory. Plants were examined for visual signs of phytotoxicity, viz., discoloration of leaves, on July 22 and August 2. Measurable rainfall occurred on July 22, 23, and 24 with 0.5, 0.4, and 0.15 inch of rain, respectively.
Sugarcane Borer Control, 1979
Authors: Reagan T. E. , Flynn J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
SUGARCANE BORER CONTROL, 1979: Insecticide sprays were applied 3-weeks apart in a block of plant sugarcane located on the St. Gabriel Experiment Station near Baton Rouge, to determine season-long control of sugarcane borer (SCB) infestations. A randomized complete block experimental design was employed with treatments replicated 5 times. Individual plots were 3 rows spaced 6 ft apart × 24.2 ft (0,1 acre). Each spray concentration was applied to the sugarcane plant canopy in water at 30 psi with a compressed air knapsack sprayer that delivered 25 gal finished formulation per acre. Insecticide applications were begun after internodes were first visible above ground and when 5% of the stalks contained small SCB larvae in leaf sheaths. Three applications of each insecticide were made (July 16, August 7, 31). The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined at harvest time by residual control comparisons of % internodes bored in treated plots. Twenty stalks were randomly selected from the center row of each plot on September 22 and examined for external signs of SCB entrance and exit holes.
Control of Tobacco Flea Beetles, Aphids, and Grasshoppers on Burley Tobacco, 1979
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-two insecticide treatments were evaluated. Soil insecticides were applied and incorporated prior to transplanting on June 6. Foliar sprays were applied with 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 30 gal/acre. Portable CO2 tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Foliar applications were made on a 14-day schedule for a total of five beginning June 25. Plots were 20 ft × 3 rows spaced 40 inches apart; plants were spaced 14 inches apart. Four randomized complete blocks were separated from each other by 5 ft alleys. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 in) from the top of the plant. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with necrosis of lower leaf bases). Grasshopper damage ratings ranged from 0 (no damage) to 3 (heavy damage to at least 3/4 of the leaves). Insect feeding and damage evaluations were based on 40 leaf samples.
Azalea, Azalea Caterpillar, 1979
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On Aug 29’79 established nursery-grown azaleas were used to test five insecticides for control of azalea caterpillars. Larval counts of the replicated treatments were made prior to treatment and 24 and 48 hours after treatments. Insecticides were applied using a 1-gal Ion B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were treated to runoff.
Green Peach Aphid Control on Chrysanthemum, 1978
Authors: Neal John W. , Drake Gale E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemums 6 weeks old and about 24 inches high, were selected from a bench of greenhouse grown plants with a large infestation of the green peach aphid. Plants were divided into 6 groups of 9 each. Spray solutions were prepared from formulated materials in water and each treatment was applied to run-off with a Hudson Climax sprayer. Water was applied to check plants with a Hudson sprayer with no history of chemical use. On day 2 post-treatment, 6 leaves were removed from the lower half of each plant and examined under a stereo-microscope for the number of live aphids.
Green Peach Aphid Control on Chrysanthemum, 1978
Authors: Neal John W. , Drake Gale E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse grown chrysanthemums, 8 to 12 weeks old and heavily infested with green peach aphids were selected. Plants were divided into 7 groups of 9 plants per treatment. Spray solutions prepared from formulated materials in water were applied to run-off with a Hudson Climax sprayer. Check plants were sprayed with wafer from a Hudson sprayer with no history of chemical use. On days 5 and 6 post-treatment, 6 lower leaves were removed from each test plant and examined with a stereo-microscope for the number of live aphids.
Apple, Effectiveness of Combinations of Phosalone with Methomyl or Penncap Min the Control of

P

.

Flavedana

, 1979
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Ponton L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three adjacent 24-tree plots (12 in each of 2 adjacent rows - Winesap cultivar) were included in this experiment conducted at Massies Mill, Virginia. Materials were applied to one side (alternated on successive dates) only on each spray date with a Swanson airblast sprayer calibrated for 6X spraying to deliver 25 gpa (233.84 liters/ha) from one side, at 2 mph (3.22 km/hr) with a pump pressure of 100 psi (7.03 kg/cm2) . Treatments and the azinphosmethyl standard were applied on May 30, Jun 6, 13, 20, 27, Jul 9, 16, 25, Aug 1, 10, 17, 28 (Table 1). Leafroller spinups were collected from each plot, the grower's orchard, and two adjacent integrated plots and examined microscopically in the laboratory on Aug 10 (Table 2). Fruit examinations were made in the orchard on Aug 28 (Table 3). European red mite populations caused some bronzing by late summer so an Aug 29 mite count was taken. Results are presented in Table 4. The Henderson-McBumie mite brushing technique was used to obtain these data from a 25-leaf sample (5 leaves from each of 5 trees.
Citrus Mealybug Control on Coleus in the Greenhouse, Georgia 1979
Authors: Oetting Ronald D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated for efficacy in controlling citrus mealybug on coleus. Insecticides were applied as foliar sprays to coleus grown in Metro Mix 300 in 115 mm square pots maintainedon raised green-house benches. Treatment plots were single plants and replicated 5 times. Application was April 30'79 (temperature 30 C) with a hand CO2 sprayer at 30 psi utilizing an 8003 nozzle and applied to the point of run-off. Granules were premeasured and scattered evenly over the soil surface. Efficacy was evaluated by counting the adult and immature mealybugs on the lower surface of 2 leaves on each plant before and at weekly intervals following application.
Marigold, Flower Thrips, Twospotted Spider Mite and Aphid Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eleven treatments were applied to 'Lemon Drop' marigolds at the Federated Church, West Lafayette, Indiana on July 3'79. Foliar application were made with a B & G stainless steel sprayer operating at 30 psi. A randomized block design with 3 replicates was used. The temperature was 82°F at the time of application. Each plot consisted of an individual plant 8-10 inches high. One month after treatment on Aug 5th 5-6 inch foliage and flower samples were removed, bagged, taken to the laboratory and placed in a Berlese funnel. The thrips, aphids and mites collected were counted under a binocular microscope.
Phytotoxicity on Ornamental Plants Resulting From Applications of Pentac, Georgia, 1979
Authors: Oetting Ronald D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two formulations of Pentac (HRS-16-H, 50W and AG9-4035, 2E) were applied to greenhouse plants for phytotoxicity evaluation. An experiment was conducted at the GA Exper Sta, Experiment; on raised greenhouse benches during the summer 1979. Pentac 50W and 2E were applied to 15 different floricultural plants. Each treatment was applied to 5 plants of each species, each plant was grown in Metro Mix 300 in a 115 mm pot. Three applications were made at 2 week intervals and 3 applications at weekly intervals. Temperatures at application ranged from 26 to 32 C. A bedding plant phytotoxicity test was initiated on May 25'79 at the GA Mtn Exper Sta, Blairsville; on raised greenhouse benches. Pentac 50W was applied to 9 different bedding plants, each in a 6 plant pack with individual plants rooted In 50 × 55 mm units filled with Metro Mix 220. Two applications were made at 2 week intervals and at a temperature of 21 C. Treatment levels, in both experiments, were 4, 8, and 16 oz ai/100 gal finished spray. Application was to the point of run-off with a hand CO2 sprayer at 30 psi and an 8003 nozzle. Plants were observed weekly for phytotoxicity which was evaluated on a scale of: 0 = no damage; 1 = slight damage; 2 = moderate, affects marketability; and 3= heavy, unmarketable. Each treatment was evaluated on it's overall appearance to determine the degree of phyto-toxicity and the data in the table represents the highest level of damage observed during the test period. Untreated checks of each species were maintained to aid in evaluating phytotoxicity.
Phytotoxicity Resulting From Application of Selected Insecticides on Bedding Plants, Georgia, 1979
Authors: Getting Ronald D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was con-ducted at the GA Mtn Exper Sta, Bloirsville, evaluating phytotoxicity on bedding plants maintained on raised greenhouse benches. A treatment plot consisted of a 6 plant pack/species of bedding plant with individual plants rooted in 50 × 55 mm units filled with Metro Mix 220. Foliar sprays to the point of run-off were initiated on Mar 29'79 utilizing a hand CO2 sprayer at 30 psi and an 8003 nozzle. Three applications of Pirimor were made at weekly intervals and Pramex and Orthene were applied twice at a 2 week interval (temperatures 21, 23, and 27 C respectively). Each treatment was observed weekly for phyto-toxicity and was evaluated on the overall appearance of the plants of each species compared to an untreated check on a scale of: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight damage - not affect marketability, 2 = moderate damage - affect marketability, and 3 = heavy damage - unmarketable.
Phytotoxicity Resulting From Application of Selected Insecticides on Bedding Plants, Georgia, 1979
Authors: Pilitt Dana R. , Neal John W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was con-ducted at the GA Mtn Exper Sta, Bloirsville, evaluating phytotoxicity on bedding plants maintained on raised greenhouse benches. A treatment plot consisted of a 6 plant pack/species of bedding plant with individual plants rooted in 50 × 55 mm units filled with Metro Mix 220. Foliar sprays to the point of run-off were initiated on Mar 29'79 utilizing a hand CO2 sprayer at 30 psi and an 8003 nozzle. Three applications of Pirimor were made at weekly intervals and Pramex and Orthene were applied twice at a 2 week interval (temperatures 21, 23, and 27 C respectively). Each treatment was observed weekly for phyto-toxicity and was evaluated on the overall appearance of the plants of each species compared to an untreated check on a scale of: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight damage - not affect marketability, 2 = moderate damage - affect marketability, and 3 = heavy damage - unmarketable.
Mealybug Control on Houseplants, 1978
Authors: Lee Campbell R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peperomia and ivy, heavily infested with citrus mealybug, were treated on Oct 19'78 and again Nov 3'78 with various insecticides and combinations. A finger-pumped houseplant-type applicator was used. There were five single-plant replicates, com-pletely randomized. The peperomia check plants were erroneously sprayed with CC 7766 on Cct 19 and this probably reduced the number of mealybugs on those plants; therefore, the check count lor peperomia is suspect.
Control of Hawthorn Lacebugs on Pyracantha, 1979
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Young Jerry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hawthorn lacebug control was evaluated on a pyracantha hedge in two separate tests between June 8 and June 17'79. Eight hundred feet of hedge was utilized and treatments were randomized and replicated four times. Each treatment consisted of a 10 ft section, 4 to 5 ft high. Treatments were made with a John Bean 55 sprayer and a Spraying Systems Gun, Jet No. 43, which delivered 3.2 gal/min at 300 psi. Treatment was made until runoff. Temperature and wind vebcity at the time of treatment were 85°F, 5-10 mph and 87°F and 0-5 mph respectively for Test 1 and 2. Pretreatment and posttreatment counts were determined by counting adults and nymphs on leaves on 6 inches of terminal branch at six locations in each treatment.
Snapdragons, Leafminer Control, 1979
Authors: Pilitt Dand R. , Neal John W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Snapdragons, averaging 10.5 inches in height planted in 4-inch plastic pots and naturally infested with a population of Liriomyza leafminers, were divided into groups of 10 plants. Treatments (test chemicals) were then applied to a group to runoff with a 3-gallon Hudson Climax sprayer maintained at full pressure. One group of 10 plants served as untreated checks. Spray solutions included 2 drops of Palmolive dishwashing liquid per gallon as a surfactant. The spray date, April 11, was sunny with the air temperature 62°F at the time of application. Test plants were examined with a stereo-microscope one week after application to determine the number of leafminers alive, the number of larvae mining and those that had successfully pupated as indicated by exit holes, and the number of larvae dead in the mines.
Insecticide Evaluations for Chinch Bug Control in Bentgrass, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Venables Lee , Dunn Alicia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test site was a seven year old bentgrass nursery block near Fiarland, Montgomery County, Maryland. Thatch layer varied from 0.25 to 0.50 inch in thickness. Chinch bug populations were moderate to heavy and damage was heavy. Treatment plots were 5 × 5 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates in test 1 and 3 replicates in test 2. Sampling and application methods were similar for both tests. Granular treatments were applied across the plot in two directions by either hand shaker can or a 3 ft Scott's drop spreader. Liquid treatments were applied in one gallon of water distributed in two directions with a sprinkling can. All treatments applied Sept 25 received an equivalent of .25 inch irrigation water immediately after application. Post treatment counts were made on Sept 22 & 23 by removing 3 randomly selected 4.5 inch dla × 5 inch deep core samples from each plot. Each core sample was shredded by hand and the number of chinch bugs recorded. Core counts were converted to number of chinch bugs per sq ft.
Bermudagrass, Evaluation of Carbaryl and Trichlorfon for Fall Armyworm, 1978
Authors: Martin P. B. , Suber E. F. , Monson W. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fall armyworms (FAW) were monitored from early spring in at least 8 plantings of coastal bermudagrass and 1 planting of 'Coastcross-l' in the Tifton area. Also, 1 coastal pasture was managed at a high fertility in an effort to induce FAW oviposition and development of larvae. When fall armyworms nearedor surpassed the economic threshold (ca. 2 large larvae/sq ft) in early- to mid-August, treatments were initiated. They were applied in water as 20-23 gallons of liquid/acre (at 30-40 psi through 8003-8004 flat fan tips) to plots possessing ca. 300 sq ft [small plots (2-5)3 to 0.6 acre [large field (1)] and arranged in randomized complete block design. The following treatments were applied with either C02-powered knapsack sprayers (2-5) or a tractor-mounted boom sprayer (1): Test la) Sevin Sprayable -1.5, Dylox - 1.0 Niran (parathion-methyl parathion) - 3/8 + 3/16 lb ai/acre, Lannate L - 0.45, Lannate L - 0.22 lb ai/acre Lorsban - 0.50 lb ai/acre and untreated control on coastal; Test lb) Sames as la on 'Coastcross-l1; Test 2) Sevin Sprayable - 1.5 lb ai/acre, Dylox (80SP) - 1.0 lb ai/acre, Parathion E-4-1.5 lb ai/acre, Lannate L - 0.45 lb ai/acre and untreated control on coastal; Test 3) Sevin Sprayable at 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25 lb ai/acre and untreated control on coastal; Test 4) Dylox at 1.50, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 lb ai/acre and untreated control on coastal. Insects were sampled by taking 20-25 sweeps with a 15 in. (in dia.) net across each plot and either counting them in the field or placing them in plastic bags and counting in the laboratory. Yields were taken by cutting a 1.8 - 2.2 ft × 20 - 40 ft strip across each plot with a Sensation or Jari plot mower. Sub-samples (ca. 200-300 g) were taken and dried for 48 hrs to calculate percent dry matter. Larger samples (ca. 1-1.5 kg) were held for determination of in vitro dry matter-digestibility. Also areas 1-2 sq ft were clipped ca. 2 in. from the ground for leaf-stem ratio determination.
Coastal Bermudagrass, Fall Armyworm Suppression, Tifton, 1978
Authors: Martin P. B. , Goodman P. A. , Monson W. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A coastal bermudagrass hay pasture (8-10 in. high) growing in Tifton loamy sand and fertilized with 200-31-61 and 400-200-300 (N, P2 O5, and K2O) lb/acre 5/10 and 7/20 respectively, was moderately infested with fall army-worms, Aniclainfecta, and other foliage-feeding lepidopteran larvae. Insecticides were applied in water as 20 gal/acre with a C02-powered backpack sprayer having TeeJet flat spray tips (no. 8003). Plots were 11 × 26 ft with 4 ft mowed borders. The design was a randomized complete block with 5 replications. Twenty sweeps with a 15 in. (in dia) net were used to sample insects. Pretreatmenf and 24 hr-posttreatment samples were placed in a plastic bag and counted under magnification. Forty-eight hr and 1 week posttreatment samples were counted In the field. Yields were taken by clipping (to ca. 4 in. height) two 2.2 × 10 ft areas with a Jari mower (8/30 and 31). Subsamples (ca. 200-300g) were taken and dried for 48 hr to calculate percent dry matter. Larger samples (ca. 1-1.5 kg) were held for determination of invitro dry matter-digestibility. Also, areas 1 sq ft were clipped ca. 2 in. from the ground for leaf-stem ratio determinations.
Japanese Beetle Grub Control, South Windsor, Connecticut, 1979. Four Insecticides Were Applied To A Two Year Old Stand of Kentucky Bluegrass on A Commercial Turf Farm in Aug'79. Plots for the Trial Were 3.05 × 3.05 Meters; Each Insecticide Formulation Was Replicated Four Times In A Ran-Domized Complete Block Design. Prerreatment Grub Counts, Made By Examining Twenty .021 Square Meter Soil Plugs, Were Taken On Aug 10 and The Average For The Test Area Was 176.5 First And Second Stage Larvae Per Square Meter. Five Plugs Were Examined In Each Plot For The Post Treatment Counts. The Three Liquid Formulations Were Applied With A Watering Can Using One Gallon Finished Solution Per Plot, While Granular Dasanit Was Mixed With An Equal Volume Of Sand And Applied With A Shaker Bottle. All Plots Were Irrigated With 12.7 Cm Of Water Directly After Treatment. Rainfall Totalled 6.93 Cm And Was Spread Evenly From Aug 14 To Sept 12. No Phytotoxiclty Was Observed During The Test Period. Site Conditions On Aug 14 Were
Authors: Moore Robert E. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
clear sky, light wind, air temperature 22.2°C, and the soil temperature just under the thatch layer was 20.0°C. The soil is an Agawam very fine sandy loam, with a pH of 6.0, an organic matter percent of 3.8, and a thatch layer of 1.65 cm.
Entucky Bluegrass, Armyworm Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of 33 treatments were applied to a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana on June 6-7'79. Plots were 7 by 14 feet and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pressure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Granular applications were made with a 7 foot wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. Temperatures at the time of application were 84 - 87° F. Half of each plot was sampled on July 5 and Aug 2 by applying a mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and counting the number of larvae that emerged.
A Pine Needle Scale Control on Scotch Pine, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twelve treatments were applied to control the crawler stage on May 22'79. The pine planting was located at the Purdue University Agronomy Farm north of West Lafayette, Indiana. A plot consisted of a single pine tree 8-10 ft tall. Every other tree was treated to avoid spray drift. All treatments were foliar sprays applied with a Spartan sprayer operating at 125 psi. The experiment was repli-cated only twice because of the number of available infested trees. Three weeks post treatment the number of 2nd instar female scales were counted on a twenty needle sample from each tree. There was no evidence of phytotoxicity.
Bagworm Control on Colorado Spruce, 1979
Authors: Neal John W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four Colorado Spruce, 24 years old on residential property, were treated by the owner with Cygon 2E (to runoff). Treatment was applied at 3X label rate with a Solo mistblower on July 31, 1979. The 4 spruce have an extensive history of annual insec-ticide treatments for bagworm control, and 4 applications of insecticide were made during the summer of 1978. Bouquets of spruce cuttings were prepared Aug 21 from 4-ft nursery grown spruce with no history of insecticide treatment. Cuttings were washed in buckets of water to remove detritus. Bouquest were assembled in largemouth 500 ml flasks with circa 10-12 in of plant material extending above the mouth of the flask. Styrofoam plugs were used to secure cuttings upright in the flasks.