bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Clinical Experience and Surgical Technique Affect Outcomes in Initial Laparoscopic Trocar Placement? A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bawahab Mohammed A. , Maksoud Walid Mohamed Abd El , Abbas Khaled Said , Alzahrani Hassan A. , Dalboh Abdullah , Al-Amri Fahad S. , Billy Helmuth T. 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the intraoperative and postoperative complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy by closed (supraumbilical Veress needle) versus open infraumbilical technique for initial, first port laparoscopic access.

Patients and Methods:
Our study included 560 adult patients, who were randomized into four groups (i.e., expert Veress, expert open, junior Veress, or junior open). Time for placement of the first trocar and time to complete the port-site closure were compared in all study groups. The mean operative time for cholecystectomy was compared after successful placement of the initial trocar until removal of the gallbladder. Intraoperative, early, and late postoperative complications were compared.

Results:
Duration of the initial port placement was significantly shorter among senior compared to junior surgeons. The Veress technique had a significantly shorter duration of port entry, but a longer duration of port-site closure compared to the open technique. Apart from the extraperitoneal insufflation incidents that were significantly more reported by junior surgeons, no significant differences in incidents were reported by senior and junior surgeons between open and closed techniques. Junior surgeons showed a better satisfaction with the open than the closed technique.

Conclusions:
Both the closed and open techniques for laparoscopic cholecystectomy are equally safe and effective for initial port-site entry whether performed by senior or junior surgeons. Junior surgeons are more satisfied with the open technique than the Veress needle technique, due to a perceived concern of injuring intra-abdominal structures. Therefore, junior surgeons would benefit from additional training during their residency to use both the techniques confidently.
Public Knowledge and Awareness toward Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Jazan Region
Authors: Hamali Hassan A. , Muasbil Asma A. , Otaif Taif H. , Qahtani Maha K. , Saboor Muhammad , Dobie Gasim , Madkhali Aymen M. , Akhter Mohammad Suhail , Chandika Rama Mohan , Mobarki Abdullah A. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency anemia is the most common metabolic red cell abnormality worldwide. G6PD deficiency anemia is very common in Saudi Arabia.

Objective:
The aims of the current study were to evaluate and assess knowledge and awareness about G6PD deficiency anemia and to find any association between sociodemographic variables and knowledge about this disease in the Saudi population in Jazan region.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Jazan University.

Results:
A total of 709 individuals completed the questionnaire and were considered in the study. In general, the study population had overall fair knowledge, scoring 50% or above on all domains of the study. In addition, we found a significant association between sociodemographic variables, specifically gender, family income and education level, and knowledge/awareness of G6PD deficiency anemia.

Conclusion:
Our study found fair to good knowledge of G6PD itself, but not of the mode of inheritance among the study population. The study suggests that public health campaigns and screening programs should be conducted and established to screen for these disorders at younger ages, instead of only relying on premarital screening program.
Women's Awareness and Rate of the Use of Contraception in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alruwaili Hamdah Musallam , Badr Hanan A. , Fahim Wafaa A. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The prevention of unplanned pregnancies brings many benefits for women and their families alike, as well as for society in general. However, recent statistics indicate a need for increased knowledge and use of contraception in addition to the introduction of educational family planning services in the countries of the Middle East.

Objectives:
This review sought to explore women's awareness and rates of contraceptive use in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and to determine whether and to what extent women currently receive counseling on modern contraception at health-care facilities in KSA.

Methods:
Three electronic databases – MEDLINE, ProQuest Central, and PubMed – were searched, in addition to the academic search engine Google Scholar. Three reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of studies, abstracted study data, and assessed study quality.

Results:
Thirteen studies were identified for inclusion in this review; overall, these studies were cross-sectional and showed awareness and use of contraception to be at a relatively low level in KSA.

Conclusion:
Although the few studies that were identified for inclusion in this review reported a relatively low level of awareness and rate of use of contraception in KSA, each conclusion was supported by high-quality research with low risk of bias. Overall, this review has shed light on the gaps in studies that have been conducted in KSA on modern contraception.
Georeferencing of Current Dental Service Locations in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shubayr Mosa A. , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: July 2022

Background:
This study focused on the Jazan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To date, there has not been any documented evidence about geographical distribution of dental health-care services in the region. The study aimed to assess the geographical accessibility of dental health-care services in Jazan.

Materials and Methods:
Most recent, openly accessible, nonidentifiable data and information were used in this study. The location of health facilities was obtained from the Ministry of Health (MOH) Statistical Yearbook 2020 and interactive map of the MOH, which was converted to longitude and latitude, using Google Maps with 90% of the level building. The study data to be analyzed were imported from the integrated database in Quantum Geographic Information Systems into Microsoft Excel software, where the ratios of health-care facilities to the study population were computed.

Results:
There were 145 primary health cares (PHCs) and 19 hospitals with a dental component in the Jazan region of 17 governorates with a total of 1,726,739 residents. The overall PHC-, hospital-, and dentist-to-population ratios were 1 PHC to 114,365 residents, 1 hospital to 90,881 residents, and 1 dentist to 9136 residents. Only 14.5% of PHCs and 5.6% of the hospitals served 70% of the population who are living within 20 km from the governorate's center.

Conclusion:
This study shows that irregular distribution of health services has led to decreased access to services in the region. Further research is needed focusing in mapping MOH, private and other health facilities, and the burden of oral disease in the region.
A Cross-Sectional Comparative Analysis of Smoking and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: AlQahtani Nabeeh A. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Tobacco use is a major public health concern globally, and its usage has various harmful effects on both general and oral health. Thus, assessment of the oral health-related quality of life (QOL) is necessary among smokers to improve their oral health. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health-related QOL among smokers and nonsmokers.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional comparative research was conducted. A total of 520 participants, of which 260 were smokers and 260 were nonsmokers, were included in the study. To acquire data related to sociodemographic parameters and smoking status, the World Health Organization QOL-Brief version assessment tool was used, and to review the association between oral health-related QOL, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used.

Results:
When comparing smokers and nonsmokers' OHIP, the mean rank of every OHIP-14 question was higher in smokers with a significant P = 0.001, except for “satisfaction of life,” where the P value was not significant (P = 0.347). The distribution of total OHIP-14 scores as per sociodemographic variable showed that a higher mean rank of OHIP-14 was found in unmarried, nonearning, and noneducated participants as compared to married, employed, and literate participants. However, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Oral health-related QOL among smokers is poor as compared to nonsmokers.
The Compliance of Dentists toward Prescribing Prophylaxis Antibiotic for Special Care Patients at Risk of Having Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Maghrabi Loujayne , Algarni Alanood , Abuljadayel Jameel , Aljabri Mohsen , Aljohani Khalid , Abed Hassan 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Prescribing antibiotics (Abs) as a prophylactic before dental procedures is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) in patients with cardiac diseases to prevent a potentially life-threatening infection of the cardiac valves or endocardium called “infective endocarditis (IE).”

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the compliance of dentists in Makkah city with the AAPD recommendations of prescribing prophylaxis Abs for special care pediatric patients at risk of having IE.

Materials and Methods:
This was an observational cross-sectional study among dentists who are working at the major hospitals in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. Participants' perception regarding the prescription of prophylactic Abs was measured using validated and reliable questions. The reliability analysis was used with a model of alpha (Cronbach) to study the properties of measurement scales and the items that compose the scales and the average inter-item correlation.

Results:
One hundred and thirty-two dental practitioners were participated. Dental care providers would prescribe Abs with dental extraction (92.4%), periodontal surgery (89.4%), nonsurgical root canal treatment beyond apex (77.3%), supragingival scaling (67.4%), and retraction cord placement (46.2%). On the other hand, dental practitioners would not prescribe Abs for orthodontic appliance (87.9%), intraoral radiograph (87.1%), primary teeth shedding (81.8%), tooth preparation when taking an oral impression (76.5%), local anesthesia infiltration (68.2%), and restoration of Class II caries with matrix and wedge (56.8%). A significantly lower knowledge score was obtained by general dental practitioners when compared with consultant and specialists (P = 0.044). Consultants and specialists recorded significantly lower knowledge on the prescription of prophylaxis Abs for Class II caries with matrix and wedge (P < 0.001) when compared with general dental practitioners.

Conclusions:
Most dentists followed the AAPD recommendations of prophylactic Abs for children who have a high risk of developing IE. However, Class II dental restorations with matrix and wedge and placement of retraction cord have recorded more invalid responses. General dental practitioners had lower knowledge when compared with consultants and specialists when prescribing Abs for children who have a high risk of developing IE.
The Role of Physical Assessment in Primary Health Care in the Early Detection of Pediatric Undescended Testis in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah Mousa , Basalelah Jumanah Hamad , Khamis Abdulmalik , Almahaish Abdulaziz Adel , Aljehani Shahad Homoud , Alhejji Fatmah Mohsen , Almadi Maha Khalid 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The early detection of undescended testis is the key to minimizing infertility and malignancy risks associated with this condition. Thorough routine physical examination during scheduled visits for vaccines during the first year of a child's life can lead to early detection and referral to a surgeon for evaluation and surgical intervention in a timely manner. We aimed to investigate the role of physical examinations in primary health care for the discovery of undescended testis.

Methods:
Anonymous structured interviews were conducted in the waiting areas of a hospital and primary health-care center. Parents were asked about their perceptions of undescended testis and their experience during primary health-care visits for routine vaccinations. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and the percentage of boys who underwent genital examinations in a primary health-care setting was determined.

Results:
We interviewed a total of 352 parents, most of whom did not have a child with undescended testis (n = 322, 91%). Only 25 (7%) reported that a formal clinical genital examination was done at every primary health-care visit, whereas 50 (14%) indicated that their boy had been examined only once among their many vaccination visits. However, 160 (46%) parents stated that their primary health-care provider did not examine their boys' genitalia during any of these visits.

Conclusion:
Late detection of undescended testis could result from failure to adhere to the recommended genital clinical examinations of boys during immunization visits for infants among primary health-care providers.
Noncommutative rational Clark measures
Authors: Jury Michael T. , Martin Robert T.W. , Shamovich Eli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe characterize the noncommutative Aleksandrov–Clark measures and the minimal realization formulas of contractive and, in particular, isometric noncommutative rational multipliers of the Fock space. Here, the full Fock space over
$\mathbb {C} ^d$
is defined as the Hilbert space of square-summable power series in several noncommuting (NC) formal variables, and we interpret this space as the noncommutative and multivariable analogue of the Hardy space of square-summable Taylor series in the complex unit disk. We further obtain analogues of several classical results in Aleksandrov–Clark measure theory for noncommutative and contractive rational multipliers.Noncommutative measures are defined as positive linear functionals on a certain self-adjoint subspace of the Cuntz–Toeplitz algebra, the unital
$C^*$
-algebra generated by the left creation operators on the full Fock space. Our results demonstrate that there is a fundamental relationship between NC Hardy space theory, representation theory of the Cuntz–Toeplitz and Cuntz algebras, and the emerging field of noncommutative rational functions.
The Relationship Between Counseling and Communication Skills of Pediatric Nurses and Their Self-Efficacy
Authors: KOYUN Merve , TURAL BÜYÜK Esra , ÜNALDI BAYDIN Nihal , ODABAŞOĞLU Emel 
Published: July 2022

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the relationship between counseling and communication skills of the pediatric nurses working in the northern region of Turkey and their professional self-efficacy.
Method: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. 178 Nurses with working in the field of pediatrics who approved of participating in this research constituted the sample of the study. Data were collected by using Personal Information Form, Counseling Skills in Nurses Scale, Communication Skills Inventory and The Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale.
Results: Mean score of the nurses from counseling skills scale was found to be 40.60±7.43 and mean total score from communication skills was 155.39±13.05, mean total score of the Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy scale was 67.31±7.89. It was determined that there was a positive and moderate relationship between the total scores of counseling and communication skills and the subscale scores (cognitive, emotional and behavioral). In addition, a positive and moderate relationship was found between the total self-efficacy and subscale scores (the quality of care and the tasks to provide professionalism subscales).
Conclusion and Suggestions: Based on the result of this study, it was determined that individuals with a good counseling and communication skills had higher professional self-efficacy.
Control of Acer rubrum Growth With Flurprimidol
Authors: Gilliam C.H. , Fare D.C. , Eason J.T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlurprimidol effectively suppressed growth ofAcer rubrumwhen applied as a subsoil injection. Rates of 1.0 and 2.0 g ai/inch of diameter supressed height growth for about three years; whereas, 0.5 g ai/inch of diameter suppressed growth less than the higher rates, and effectiveness subsided during the second year. Diameter growth suppression increased with flurprimidol rates, though suppression was not as pronounced as with height growth. Tree height, diameter, and shoot length were suppressed with all rates of flurprimidol compared to nontreated trees. Tree appearance was affected by flurprimidol. Reduced petiole length and smaller, dark-green leaves were evident with treated maples compared to nontreated plants, though appearance was not objectionable.
White Pine Decline: a Case Study from Virginia Landscapes
Authors: Weaver Michael J. , Stipes R. Jay 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVarious problems of Eastern white pine(Pinus strobus), primarily in the forest situation, have been observed and examined over the last 80 or so years. These have included causal agents from both biotic (fungi, insects, etc.) and abiotic (gaseous, liquid and solid toxicants) classes; abundant controversy in many cases exists on accurate documentation of the cause and effect relationships. In this study, we report the results of findings made on abiotic factors strongly associated with declining and dying white pine primarily on human-altered sites; these include high soil pH, high soil clay content, shallow and restrictive root growth zones, compacted soils and disturbed soil horizons that impede lateral and vertical water movement. Additional biotic and abiotic factors were, in some cases, associated with declining trees.
Early Modern Écologies: Beyond English Ecocriticism
Authors: Goul Pauline , Usher Phillip John , Melehy Hassan , Shiflett Stephanie , Oliver Jennifer , Addis Kat , Miglietti Sara , Velázquez Victor , Zhiri Oumelbanine Nina , Conley Tom , Szabari Antónia , Mackenzie Louisa 
Published: July 2022

<p> </p>
<p><em>Early Modern Écologies</em> is the first collective volume to offer perspectives on the relationship between contemporary ecological thought and early modern French literature. If Descartes spoke of humans as being ‘masters and possessors of Nature’ in the seventeenth century, the writers taken up in this volume arguably demonstrated a more complex and urgent understanding of the human relationship to our shared planet. Opening up a rich archive of literary and non-literary texts produced by Montaigne and his contemporaries, this volume foregrounds not how ecocriticism renews our understanding of a literary corpus, but rather how that corpus causes us to re-think or to nuance contemporary eco-theory. The sparsely bilingual title (an acute accent on écologies) denotes the primary task at hand: to pluralize (i.e. de-Anglophone-ize) the Environmental Humanities. Featuring established and emerging scholars from Europe and the United States, <em>Early Modern Écologies</em> opens up new dialogues between ecotheorists such as Timothy Morton, Gilles Deleuze, and Bruno Latour and Montaigne, Ronsard, Du Bartas, and Olivier de Serres.</p>
Augmentation of WRF-Hydro to simulate overland-flow- and streamflow-generated debris flow susceptibility in burn scars
Authors: Li Chuxuan , Handwerger Alexander L. , Wang Jiali , Yu Wei , Li Xiang , Finnegan Noah J. , Xie Yingying , Buscarnera Giuseppe , Horton Daniel E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. In steep wildfire-burned terrains, intense rainfall can produce large runoff that can trigger highly destructive debris flows. However, the ability
to accurately characterize and forecast debris flow susceptibility in burned terrains using physics-based tools remains limited. Here, we augment
the Weather Research and Forecasting Hydrological modeling system (WRF-Hydro) to simulate both overland and channelized flows and assess postfire
debris flow susceptibility over a regional domain. We perform hindcast simulations using high-resolution weather-radar-derived precipitation and
reanalysis data to drive non-burned baseline and burn scar sensitivity experiments. Our simulations focus on January 2021 when an atmospheric river
triggered numerous debris flows within a wildfire burn scar in Big Sur – one of which destroyed California's famous Highway 1. Compared to the
baseline, our burn scar simulation yields dramatic increases in total and peak discharge and shorter lags between rainfall onset and peak
discharge, consistent with streamflow observations at nearby US Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow gage sites. For the 404 catchments located in
the simulated burn scar area, median catchment-area-normalized peak discharge increases by ∼ 450 % compared to the baseline. Catchments
with anomalously high catchment-area-normalized peak discharge correspond well with post-event field-based and remotely sensed debris flow
observations. We suggest that our regional postfire debris flow susceptibility analysis demonstrates WRF-Hydro as a compelling new physics-based
tool whose utility could be further extended via coupling to sediment erosion and transport models and/or ensemble-based operational weather
forecasts. Given the high-fidelity performance of our augmented version of WRF-Hydro, as well as its potential usage in probabilistic hazard
forecasts, we argue for its continued development and application in postfire hydrologic and natural hazard assessments.
High-resolution subglacial topography around Dome Fuji, Antarctica, based on ground-based radar surveys over 30 years
Authors: Tsutaki Shun , Fujita Shuji , Kawamura Kenji , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Fukui Kotaro , Motoyama Hideaki , Hoshina Yu , Nakazawa Fumio , Obase Takashi , Ohno Hiroshi , Oyabu Ikumi , Saito Fuyuki , Sugiura Konosuke , Suzuki Toshitaka 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The retrieval of continuous ice core records of more than 1 Myr is an important challenge in palaeo-climatology. For identifying suitable sites for drilling such ice, knowledge of the subglacial topography and englacial layering is crucial. For this purpose, extensive ground-based ice radar surveys were carried out over Dome Fuji in the East Antarctic plateau during the 2017/18 and 2018/19 austral summers by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, on the basis of ground-based radar surveys conducted over the previous ∼ 30 years. High-gain Yagi antennae were used to improve the antenna beam directivity, thereby significantly decreasing hyperbolic features of unfocused along-track diffraction hyperbolae in the echoes from mountainous ice–bedrock interfaces. We combined the new ice thickness data with the previous ground-based data, recorded since the 1980s, to generate an accurate high-spatial-resolution (up to 0.5 km between survey lines) ice thickness map. This map revealed a complex landscape composed of networks of subglacial valleys and highlands. Based on the new map, we examined the roughness of the ice–bed interface, the bed surface slope, the driving stress of ice and the subglacial hydrological condition. These new products and analyses set substantial constraints on identifying possible locations for new drilling. In addition, our map was compared with a few bed maps compiled by earlier independent efforts based on airborne radar data to examine the difference in features between datasets. Our analysis suggests that widely available bed topography products should be validated with in situ observations where possible.