bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can molecular genetic techniques improve our understanding of the role the microbial biomass plays in soil aggregation?
Authors: Kaur Rupinder , Page Kathryn L. , Dalal Ram C. , Menzies Neal W. , Dang Yash P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSoil structure plays an integral role in regulating the physical, chemical, and biological functioning of soil systems and is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity. Many studies have investigated soil structure formation and stability. However, the underlying mechanisms behind its formation are still often unclear, including how soil microorganisms regulate this process via the aggregation of soil particles. In this review, we seek to summarise current information regarding how microorganisms influence aggregation and explore whether the application of molecular genetic techniques has potential to increase our understanding in this important area. Specifically, we review current information regarding the exact nature and role of microbially produced soil binding agents (extracellular polymeric substances, glomalin, hydrophobins and chaplins) and how different soil microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists) regulate and influence the production of these substances. Molecular genetic techniques have the capacity to provide new information regarding the genetic make‐up of the soil microbial biomass, which could potentially be related to their function in soil and role in the aggregation of soil particles. However, more work is required to identify the key functional genes important for studying aggregation processes. Techniques better able to study the fine scale distribution of microorganisms and microbial products are also required to fully understand microbial interactions and functioning on a scale relevant to aggregation. Future developments in this area may offer an opportunity to improve our understanding of, and potentially manipulate, soil aggregation for the benefit of soil functioning and environments.
Tobacco smoke exacerbates Filifactor alocis pathogenicity
Authors: Iskander Mina M. Z. , Lamont Gwyneth J. , Tan Jinlian , Pisano Michele , Uriarte Silvia M. , Scott David A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimFilifactor alocis has recently emerged as a periodontal pathobiont that appears to thrive in the oral cavity of smokers. We hypothesized that identification of smoke‐responsive F. alocis genes would provide insight into adaptive strategies and that cigarette smoke would enhance F. alocis pathogenesis in vivo.Materials and MethodsF. alocis was grown in vitro and cigarette smoke extract‐responsive genes determined by RNAseq. Mice were exposed, or not, to mainstream 1R6F research cigarette smoke and infected with F. alocis, or not, in an acute ligature model of periodontitis. Key clinical, infectious, and immune data were collected.ResultsIn culture, F. alocis growth was unaffected by smoke conditioning and only a small number of genes were specifically regulated by smoke exposure. Reduced murine mass, differences in F. alocis‐cognizant antibody production, and altered immune profiles as well as altered alveolar bone loss were all attributable to smoke exposure and/or F. alocis infection in vivo.ConclusionsF. alocis is well‐adapted to tobacco‐rich conditions and its pathogenesis is enhanced by tobacco smoke exposure. A smoke‐exposed ligature model of periodontitis shows promise as a tool with which to further unravel mechanisms underlying tobacco‐enhanced, bacteria‐induced disease.
Transdiagnostic profiles of behaviour and communication relate to academic and socioemotional functioning and neural white matter organisation
Authors: Mareva Silvana , Akarca Danyal ,   The CALM Team, Holmes Joni 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundBehavioural and language difficulties co‐occur in multiple neurodevelopmental conditions. Our understanding of these problems has arguably been slowed by an overreliance on study designs that compare diagnostic groups and fail to capture the overlap across different neurodevelopmental disorders and the heterogeneity within them.MethodsWe recruited a large transdiagnostic cohort of children with complex needs (N = 805) to identify distinct subgroups of children with common profiles of behavioural and language strengths and difficulties. We then investigated whether and how these data‐driven groupings could be distinguished from a comparison sample (N = 158) on measures of academic and socioemotional functioning and patterns of global and local white matter connectome organisation. Academic skills were assessed via standardised measures of reading and maths. Socioemotional functioning was captured by the parent‐rated version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ResultsWe identified three distinct subgroups of children, each with different levels of difficulties in structural language, pragmatic communication, and hot and cool executive functions. All three subgroups struggled with academic and socioemotional skills relative to the comparison sample, potentially representing three alternative but related developmental pathways to difficulties in these areas. The children with the weakest language skills had the most widespread difficulties with learning, whereas those with more pronounced difficulties with hot executive skills experienced the most severe difficulties in the socioemotional domain. Each data‐driven subgroup could be distinguished from the comparison sample based on both shared and subgroup‐unique patterns of neural white matter organisation. Children with the most pronounced deficits in language, cool executive, or hot executive function were differentiated from the comparison sample by altered connectivity in predominantly thalamocortical, temporal–parietal‐occipital, and frontostriatal circuits, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings advance our understanding of commonly co‐morbid behavioural and language problems and their relationship to behavioural outcomes and neurobiological substrates.
Polygenic risk score and peer victimisation independently predict depressive symptoms in adolescence: results from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Children Development
Authors: Perret Léa C. , Boivin Michel , Morneau‐Vaillancourt Geneviève , Andlauer Till F.M. , Paquin Stéphane , Langevin Stéphanie , Girard Alain , Turecki Gustavo , O'Donnell Kieran , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. , Gouin Jean‐Philippe , Ouellet‐Morin Isabelle , Geoffroy Marie‐Claude 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundPeer victimisation has been associated with depressive symptoms during adolescence, however not all peer victimised adolescents will exhibit such symptoms. This study tested whether having a genetic predisposition to developing depression increased the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms in peer victimised youth. To date, no study has explored such gene–environment interaction using a polygenic risk score for depression (PRS‐depression) in the context of peer victimisation and depressive symptoms in adolescence.MethodsThe sample included 748 participants born in 1997/98 from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development with genotype data and prospectively collected information on peer victimisation (12–13 years) obtained from both self‐ and teacher‐reports, as well as self‐reported depressive symptoms (15–17 years). The PRS‐depression was based on the genome‐wide association meta‐analysis of broad depression by Howard et al. (2019).ResultsSelf‐ and teacher‐reported peer victimisation in early adolescence were both associated with depressive symptoms in adolescence (β = 0.34, p < .001; β = 0.14, p = .001 respectively), and this association remained significant when accounting for PRS‐depression (β = 0.33, p < .001; β = 0.13, p = .002 respectively). PRS‐depression was independently associated with depressive symptoms, but there was no significant PRS‐depression by peer victimisation interaction (self‐reported and teacher‐reported). PRS‐depression was correlated with self‐reported, but not teacher‐reported, peer victimisation.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that a partial measure of an individual's genetic predisposition to depression, as measured by PRS‐depression, and being exposed to peer victimisation (self‐ and teacher‐reported) were independently associated with depressive symptoms in adolescence. Furthermore, PRS‐depression did not exacerbate the risk of depressive symptoms among adolescents who had been peer victimised. Lastly, we found evidence of a gene–environment correlation between PRS‐depression and self‐reported peer victimisation. Future studies are needed to replicate this finding and to further understand the role of genetic predispositions in experiencing depressive symptoms following peer victimisation.
Real‐world risk of lower‐limb amputation associated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus metformin: A propensity score‐matched model analysis in Japan
Authors: Mizutani Gen , Horii Takeshi , Oikawa Yoichi , Atsuda Koichiro , Shimada Akira 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionWe aimed to clarify the real‐world risk of lower‐limb amputation and identify factors related to increased risk in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes using sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is).Materials and MethodsWe carried out a retrospective observational cohort study utilizing the Japanese Medical Data Vision, a diagnosis procedure combination database. We identified 107,296 patients with type 2 diabetes who were initiated on SGLT2is or metformin (control; n = 53,648 per group) using 1:1 propensity score matching from April 2014 to October 2019. The hazard ratio (HR) for the risk of lower‐limb amputation was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for patients' baseline characteristics and use of concomitant medical agents.ResultsOf the 107,296 patients, 66 (0.06%); that is, 41 (0.08%) in the SGLT2is group and 25 (0.05%) in the metformin group, underwent amputation, with no significant difference in the proportions between the groups. There was no significant difference in the risk of amputation between the SGLT2is and metformin groups (HR 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–2.24). However, female sex (HR 2.78, 95% CI 1.12–6.94) and use of strong statins (HR 2.68; 95% CI 1.18–8.20) were significantly associated with a higher risk of amputation in the SGLT2is group than in the metformin group.ConclusionsSGLT2is might not be related to an increased risk of lower‐limb amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes in real‐world clinical practice. The possible increased risk of SGLT2is‐associated amputation in female patients with type 2 diabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes requiring strong statins is notable.
The impact of conventional versus robust norming on cognitive characterization and clinical classification of MCI and dementia
Authors: Kaser Alyssa N. , Kaplan David M. , Goette William , Kiselica Andrew M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe examined the impact of conventional versus robust normative approaches on cognitive characterization and clinical classification of MCI versus dementia. The sample included participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Separate demographically adjusted z‐scores for cognitive tests were derived from conventional (n = 4273) and robust (n = 602) normative groups. To assess the impact of deriving scores from a conventional versus robust normative group on cognitive characterization, we examined likelihood of having a low score on each neuropsychological test. Next, we created receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the ability of normed scores derived from each normative group to differentiate between MCI (n = 3570) and dementia (n = 1564). We examined the impact of choice of normative group on classification accuracy by comparing sensitivity and specificity values and areas under the curves (AUC). Compared with using a conventional normative group, using a robust normative group resulted in a higher likelihood of low cognitive scores for individuals classified with MCI and dementia. Comparison of the classification accuracy for distinguishing MCI from dementia did not suggest a statistically significant advantage for either normative approach (Z = −0.29, p = .77; AUC = 0.86 for conventional and AUC = 0.86 for robust). In summary, these results indicate that using a robust normative group increases the likelihood of characterizing cognitive performance as low. However, there is not a clear advantage of using a robust over a conventional normative group when differentiating between MCI and dementia.
Psychosocial interventions with art and music during stem cell transplantation: An integrative review
Authors: Hickey Katherine Dantanus , Farrington Naomi , Townsend Kay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to systematically review the literature with the following aims: to survey the art and music interventions offered to the stem cell transplant population; to define the interventions' beneficial properties by conceptualising themes; to analyse these themes using behavioural activation principles as a lens and explore their value in alleviating isolation‐related distress.BackgroundPatients undergoing stem cell transplant are at great risk of psychological morbidity, partly on account of prolonged hospital stays in protective isolation. This risk extends beyond discharge and into ambulatory care, negatively affecting quality‐of‐life and survival rates of the transplant recipients.DesignIntegrative review methodology.MethodsA systematic search of 10 bibliographic databases was undertaken using terms relating to art, music and stem cell transplantation for the years 2012 to 2019. Records were assessed for quality and risk‐of‐bias using a critical appraisal tool and following the PRISMA Systematic Review checklist to guide reporting. Studies were analysed narratively and thematically.ResultsThe 16 papers were of mixed quality. Findings and treatment effects differed between and within studies. The beneficial attributes of the treatments were clustered and divided into two groups. The first consisted of intrinsic, patient‐focussed factors: (1) Creative outlet or acquisition of a new skill; (2) achievement of normality; (3) mutual or peer‐support; (4) relationship‐building and (5) meaningful recreation, distraction and diversion. The second group considered extrinsic factors: (6) Improved communication; (7) enhanced spiritual care and (8) better healthcare experience.ConclusionsSeveral art and music interventions have been attempted which were beneficial to patients and generated a sense of achievement, connection and enjoyment. The interventions appear to uphold the principles of person‐centred holistic care and have potential to generate a high‐quality, supportive healthcare and working environment.Relevance to Clinical PracticePsychosocial interventions with art and music have improved the care and experience of patients undergoing stem cell transplant.
Presenting signs and clinical outcome in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy: 39 cases (2009–2018)
Authors: Robertson A. L. , Black V. L. , Villedieu E. , Clarke K. E. , Faux I. , Major A. , Adamantos S. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the presenting signs, concurrent conditions, treatment and outcome of dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy.Materials and MethodsMulti‐centre retrospective review of medical records from January 2009 to September 2018 at four referral centres to identify dogs with a radiographic diagnosis of metaphyseal osteopathy.ResultsThirty‐nine dogs were identified. The median age at onset was 14 weeks old (range, 8 to 32 weeks old). There was a higher proportion of male dogs (29 of 39 male entire, nine of 39 female entire, one of 39 female neutered and no male neutered dogs). Where information was available, median time from the most recent vaccination was 20 days (range, 2 to 144 days). The most commonly recorded clinical signs were pyrexia (34 of 39), lethargy (32 of 39), pain (30 of 39), and being non‐ambulatory (17 of 39). Thirty‐five dogs required hospitalisation for analgesia and supportive care, 19 of 39 were discharged on prednisolone (median dose 2.0 mg/kg/day; range, 0.9 to 2.6 mg/kg/day), 18 of 39 were discharged on non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatories, two of 39 did not receive NSAIDs or prednisolone at any time point. The median duration of hospitalisation for those admitted was 5 days (range, 1 to 21 days). Where follow‐up was available, relapse occurred in eight of 25 cases before reaching skeletal maturity. At the time of metaphyseal osteopathy diagnosis, five of 39 cases had concurrent conditions. Where follow‐up was available, four of 25 developed future immune‐mediated conditions.Clinical SignificanceMetaphyseal osteopathy should be considered in non‐ambulatory painful young dogs. Some dogs developed future immune‐mediated conditions, which may support the hypothesis that metaphyseal osteopathy is an autoinflammatory bone disorder. Further studies with a larger cohort are required to determine the clinical significance of this.
Closed‐loop acoustic stimulation during an afternoon nap to modulate subsequent encoding
Authors: Koo‐Poeggel Ping , Neuwerk Soé , Petersen Eike , Grasshoff Jan , Mölle Matthias , Martinetz Thomas , Marshall Lisa 
Published: September 2022

SummarySleep is able to contribute not only to memory consolidation, but also to post‐sleep learning. The notion exists that either synaptic downscaling or another process during sleep increase post‐sleep learning capacity. A correlation between augmentation of the sleep slow oscillation and hippocampal activation at encoding support the contribution of sleep to encoding of declarative memories. In the present study, the effect of closed‐loop acoustic stimulation during an afternoon nap on post‐sleep encoding of two verbal (word pairs, verbal learning and memory test) and non‐verbal (figural pairs) tasks and on electroencephalogram during sleep and learning were investigated in young healthy adults (N = 16). Closed‐loop acoustic stimulation enhanced slow oscillatory and spindle activity, but did not affect encoding at the group level. Subgroup analyses and comparisons with similar studies lead us to the tentative conclusion that further parameters such as time of day and subjects' cognitive ability influenced responses to closed‐loop acoustic stimulation.
Towards a re‐conceptualization of flow in social contexts
Authors: Hackert Benedikt , Lumma Anna‐Lena , Raettig Tim , Berger Bettina , Weger Ulrich 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe antecedents and outcomes of individual‐level flow are well documented in a large body of literature. However, flow does not only occur in isolation ‐ quite to the contrary, recent evidence suggests that social interaction can facilitate the experience of flow. Therefore, we propose a taxonomy, which distinguishes five different flow states according to two global factors: interactional synchrony and self‐other overlap. Solitary flow bears all characteristics developed by Csikszentmihalyi. Co‐active flow is facilitated or hampered by the presence of other people. Private interactive flow emerges on the grounds of a minimal unidirectional interaction with more passive others; only the active subject is in flow. In shared interactive flow, a fully synchronized activity between group members takes place and all group members are in flow. In group flow, all members reach a level of complete self‐other overlap with the group, which leads to a collective experience of flow on the group‐level. In addition to differences and commonalities of the different types of flow, suggestions for how to induce and study social flow are discussed.
IPACK (Interspace between the Popliteal Artery and the Capsule of the Posterior Knee) Block Combined with SACB (Single Adductor Canal Block) VersusSACB for Analgesia after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tang Xiumei , Jiang Xile , Lei Lei , Zhu Weitao , Fu Zhongmin , Wang Duan , Chen Jiali , Ning Ning , Zhou Zongke 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the combination of the infiltration between the popliteal artery and the posterior capsule of the knee (iPACK) block and single adductor canal block (SACB) versus SACB for motor‐sparing knee analgesia effects after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsPubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Library, and other databases were searched from the inception to January 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing patients receiving iPACK plus SACB with patients receiving SACB after TKA were included. The included studies were assessed by two reviewers according to the Cochrane risk of bias criteria. Meta‐analysis was performed with STATA 13.0 software, the risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD) were used to compare dichotomous and continuous variables. The primary outcome was ambulation pain and secondary outcomes were rest pain, opioid consumption, function ability, clinical outcomes, and complications.ResultsSeven RCTs (304 knees in iPACK + SACB group; 305 knees in SACB group) were included. The follow‐up periods ranged from 2 days to 3 months. Pooled data indicated lower pain scores at ambulation (p < 0.0001) for iPACK + SACB. When comparing the pain scores of subgroups analyzed at specific periods, lower scores in subgroups within 12 h (at rest and ambulation) and after 48 h (at ambulation) were observed in the iPACK + SACB group. Analysis demonstrated greater reduction in morphine consumption (p = 0.007) in the iPACK + SACB group. The iPACK + SACB group is also superior to the SACB group regarding function ability, which included range of motion (ROM) (p = 0.001), time up to go (TUG) test (p = 0.030), and ambulation distance (p < 0.0001). No difference was found in clinical outcomes or complications.ConclusionsWith the iPACK added to SACB, pain scores, morphine consumption, functional ability were improved. Additional high‐quality studies are required to further address this topic.
Patient and care provider inclusion in the development of an educational graphic novel for heart transplanted teenagers
Authors: Dalmer Stephanie , Caulfield Sean , Murdoch Faye , Urschel Simon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTeenagers experience high rates of rejection and organ failure after heart transplantation due to non‐adherence to medications, poor transition into adult care, and difficulties communicating with adults including healthcare providers. This project aimed to creatively bridge this gap—including teenage patients, their parents, and healthcare providers in the development of a new resource meant to motivate teenage heart‐transplant‐patients to take interest and ownership of their long‐term health.MethodsFour teenage heart‐transplanted patients, four parents, and three healthcare providers provided insight into relevant content for an educational resource through semi‐standardized questionnaires and interviews. Their input guided the style and substance of the resource developed under the supervision of Fine Arts professors and the pediatric heart transplant team.ResultsParents and healthcare providers were concerned about teenagers' health choices and lack of perspective while patients were more bothered by parental nagging and being careful about infections than worrying about post‐transplant risks. The resource that was developed therefore used subtlety within a narrative medium: a graphic novel that involved mutant worms, secret plots, and daring escapes, to address identified medical concerns and encouragements without triggering teenage resistance to instruction.ConclusionThe discrepancies between the priorities of healthcare providers, parents, and teenage heart‐transplant‐patients illustrate the significance of basing resource‐development on input from the target population. We developed the first graphic novel written for teenage heart‐transplant‐patients with patient input and interdisciplinary cooperation, using the subtlety of a narrative medium as a model for integrating medical content within an appealing, motivational, patient‐centered, and age‐appropriate resource.