bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMT, CRTZ, and F3'H regulate glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis in Glycyrrhizauralensis hairy roots
Authors: Zhang Zhixin , Ding Wenwen , Chen Ziyi , Xu Wenpu , Wang Doudou , Lu Tiangong , Liu Ying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. is prescribed as one of the original plants of licorice in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. This herbal medicine possesses numerous important pharmacological activities and has been used in clinic in China since ancient times. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a triterpenoid compound isolated from G. uralensis and also one of the marker components for its quality control. Based on our pervious transcriptome study, three genes, the caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT), the β-carotene 3-hydroxylase gene (CRTZ), and the flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase gene (F3'H), were selected as our target genes due to a high correlation of their expression levels with GA biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of these genes on GA biosynthesis through gene editing and overexpression in G. uralensis hairy roots. We observed that neither knockout nor overexpression of any of the genes affects the viability of the transgenic hairy roots, indicating that these genes are not essential for survival of hairy roots. However, compared with the wild type and negative control hairy roots, GA contents were significantly lower in hairy roots overexpressing COMT, CRTZ, and F3'H, while higher in those knocking out the three genes. Our findings demonstrate that the three genes, COMT, CRTZ, and F3'H, all negatively regulate the GA biosynthesis.
Knowledge, Impact and Ethical Issues of Cancer Genomics among Oncologists
Authors: Sharawy Iman , Yassin Mohamed , Kelany Mohamed , Mostafa Ahmad , Orabi Mohamed El , Wasley Nancy El 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapid advances in cancer genomic technologies not only affected testing and treatment but also have resulted in innumerable possibilities for research. This study was conducted to assess current knowledge of clinical cancer genomics, research, related ethical issues, and future impact among oncologists to help direct tailored competency-based curriculum development. A web-based survey was developed and organized into four sections: demographic information, cancer genomics knowledge, oncologists' perception of cancer genomics' future impact; and related ethical issues. Ninety percent of respondents were Egyptians, 83% knew what cancer genomics is and 66% knew its basic areas. Eighty-three % thought that cancer genomics will have an impact in the next 5 years. Nearly half (46%) of the respondents thought that there is a clear boundary between cancer genomics research and clinical care. Most oncologists refused using genetic data sharing (80%) or data transfer (79%) to third parties without consent. The core competencies of the proposed curriculum were then developed. There were 20 core competencies organized in two main domains: knowledge and skills (12 on knowledge and 8 on skills) for cancer genomics and associated ethics. Our findings could benchmark standards for postgraduate curriculum development of cancer genomics and its related ethics issues.
Morphology for Hexagonal Image Processing
Authors: CEVIK Taner , NEMATZADEH Sajjad , CEVIK Nazife , AFSHAR Mahsa Torkamanian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Morphological operators for binary and grayscale images are commonly used to eliminate noise, recognize contours or specific structures, and arrange shapes in image processing. Even though morphology has been substantially developed in square-pixel-based-image-processing (SIP), no effort has been made to construct morphological operators in hexagonal-pixel-based-image-processing (HIP) yet. In this paper, we transform basic SIP-domain-morphological operators such as dilation, erosion, closing, and opening into HIP-domain and compare their performance with their SIP counterparts, taking into account 65 similarity- dissimilarity metrics for binary and four metrics for grey-scale proposed so far in the literature. It is the first time to give the fundamental morphological operators in the HIP domain. The operators developed in this paper initiate the research about morphology in the HIP domain by successfully filling a significant gap by eliminating HIP's lack of basic operators.
Prevalence of Hypertension in the U.S. Adults: Age, Sex, Marital Status, and Ethnic Differences
Authors: wu xianjun , liu wugao , chen feng , lin dongli , ye lingyan , wu liping , mei yibin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Up-to-date prevalence data on hypertension provide the foundation for informing population research, education, and health policy. We sought to determine differences in the prevalence of hypertension in the U.S. population according to age, sex, ethnicity, and marital status.We performed an observational, cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population 2013 through 2018 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) to determine hypertension prevalence rates.A total of 7458 participants had hypertension. The weighted prevalence of hypertension among US adults ages 18 years and older was 39.5% (95% CI, 37.10–41.89%), which represented an estimated 92.4 million persons in the United States. black participants 47.65% (CI, 45.57 to 49.73), white 40.97% (38.94 to 43.00), other racial 35.14% (31.87 to 38.42), and Hispanic 29.87% (27.60 to 32.13). Across ethnic groups, males were more likely to have hypertension, except black participants. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age. Persons with > = 75 years: OR 13.82(95%CI 11.56–16.52); male: OR 1.29(95%CI 1.17–1.42); separated: OR 1.74(95%CI 1.43–2.10) had higher rates of hypertension when compared to lowest categories.As prevalence of hypertension in the US are rising, with age, sex, marital status, and racial/ethnic minority individuals being disproportionately impacted by hypertension, targeted public health efforts may reduce health disparities and decrease the overall population burden of hypertension.
Quercetin alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency in mice by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and pyroptosis in granulosa cells
Authors: Chen Yun , Zhao Ying , Miao Chenyun , Yang Liuqing , Wang Ruye , Chen Bixia , Zhang Qin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Exposure to cyclophosphamide (CTX) induces premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Quercetin is a natural flavonoid that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and its antioxidant activity is correlated with POI. However, the mechanism underlying its protective role in CTX-induced ovarian dysfunction is unclear. This study aimed to explore whether quercetin can protect ovarian reserves by activating mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibiting pyroptosis.
Methods: Thirty-six female C57BL/6 mice were randomly subdivided into six groups. Except for the control group, all groups were injected with 90 mg/kg CTX to establish a POI model and further treated with coenzyme 10 or various doses of quercetin. The mice were sacrificed 48 h after 10 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin was injected four weeks after treatments. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect serum hormone expression and light and transmission electron microscopy to assess ovarian tissue morphology and mitochondria. Additionally, we tested oxidant and antioxidant levels in ovarian tissues and mitochondrial function in granulosa cells (GCs). The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and pyroptosis-related proteins and mRNA was analyzed using western blotting and RT-qPCR.
Results: Quercetin elevated serum anti-Müllerian hormone, estradiol, and progesterone levels, decreased serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, and alleviated ovarian pathology. It reduced the mitochondrial DNA content and mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, it upregulated ATP levels and the mRNA and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A, and superoxide dismutase 2. In addition, it suppressed NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β, and gasdermin D levels in the GCs of POI mice.
Conclusions: Quercetin protected the ovarian reserve from CTX-induced ovarian damage by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction and activating mitochondrial biogenesis via the PGC1-α pathway. Moreover, quercetin may improve ovarian functions by downregulating pyroptosis in the CTX-induced POI model. Thus, quercetin can be considered a potential agent for treating POI.
The landscape of m6A regulators in multiple brain regions of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Liu Zijie , Xia Qing , Zhao Xue , Zheng Feifei , Xiao Jiaying , Ge FangLiang , Wang Dayong , Gao Xu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease research has been conducted for many years, yet no effective cure methods have been found. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, an essential posttranscriptional regulation mechanism, has been discovered to affect essential neurobiological processes, such as brain cell development and ageing, which are closely related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The relationship between Alzheimer's disease and the m6A mechanism still needs further investigation. Our work evaluated the alteration profile of m6A regulators and their influences on Alzheimer's disease in 4 brain regions: the postcentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex. We found that the expression levels of the m6A regulators FTO, ELAVL1, and YTHDF2 were altered in Alzheimer's disease and were related to pathological development and cognitive levels. We also assessed the pathways and biological processes related to m6A regulators via the GSVA method, and pathways including N glycan metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and protein metabolism pathways were found to be affected by AD-related m6A regulators. We also found different m6A modification patterns in AD samples among different brain regions, mainly due to differences in m6A readers. Finally, we further evaluated the importance of AD-related regulators based on the WGCNA method, assessed their potential targets based on correlation relationships, and constructed diagnostic models in 3 of all 4 regions using hub regulators, including FTO, YTHDC1, YTHDC2, etc., and their potential targets. This work aims to provide a reference for the follow-up study of m6A and Alzheimer's disease.
Clinical efficacy of different open approaches in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis: A single-center retrospective comparative study
Authors: Wang Tianji , Lei Wei , Wu Zixiang , Xu Huifa , Ma Tiancheng , Ma Zhensheng , Li Tianqing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
To assess the clinical efficacy of three different surgical approaches in the treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis.
Methods
138 patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis treated by open surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical methods were divided into anterior, posterior and anterior-posterior combined. The hospital stays, amount of bleeding, operative time, preoperative, postoperative and last follow-up ESR, CRP, Frankel score, ODI, VAS, correction and loss rate of kyphosis, fusion rate and complications were recorded and analyzed.
Results
The average follow-up was 66 months. The average hospital stay, operative time and amount of bleeding of the anterior-posterior combined group were higher than other groups (P < 0.05). ESR and CRP of all patients were reduced postoperatively (P < 0.05). No significant difference among the three groups was found in the postoperative correction angle of kyphosis (P < 0.05), while the pre- and postoperative Cobb angle as well as correction rate had significant differences. The posterior approach could achieve better correction, and the loss of correction was more in the anterior group, 40.9 percent of patients performed correction loss. The Frankel score, VAS and ODI were significantly reduced among the three groups, and the incidence rate of complications of the anterior approach was lower than the other groups, with a significant difference (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The anterior approach has more advantages and fewer complications, which is supposed to give preference to and could not be replaced by the posterior and anterior-posterior combined approach.
Benchmarking the Production of Cellulose Nanofibres: Biomass Feedstock, Mechanical Processing, and Nanopaper Performance
Authors: Pennells Jordan , Chaléat Céline , Martin Darren J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass plays a vital role in the global shift away from the utilisation of non-renewable petrochemical resources. An emerging class of biomass-derived material is nanocellulose, which are typically generated from the deconstruction of cellulose bundles within the cell wall of terrestrial and aquatic plants, either in the form of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) or cellulose nanofibres (CNFs). However, the utilisation of biomass has an inherent challenge associated with product variability, both in terms of the starting feedstock properties, the wide range of processing routes available to generate nanocellulose, and the fabrication of nanocellulose into a diverse range of different product formats. As a result, it is difficult to accurately characterise and benchmark the wide variety of nanocellulose materials described within the literature. To address this challenge, this study presents a threefold benchmarking assessment of CNF-based material, including: (1) CNFs generated from different biomass sources (sorghum, banana, sugarcane, spinifex, and softwood); (2) CNFs generated through different mechanical processing methods (Silverson mixing, twin-screw extrusion, bead milling, and high pressure homogenisation); and (3) Energy-standardised nanopaper mechanical performance. The biomass benchmarking study highlighted sorghum and banana stem as comparatively sustainable biomass feedstock, while the mechanical process benchmarking study highlighted twin-screw extrusion as a promising fibrillation method with low energy consumption. Lastly, the nanopaper benchmarking study aided in the visualisation of the nanopaper research landscape. Sample benchmarking in this manner provides greater insight into the mechanisms driving nanocellulose material performance and processing sustainability.
Validation study of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Cognitive Function – Version 3 for the Portuguese population
Authors: Oliveira Ana F. , Santos Isabel M. , Fernandes Sofia , Bem-Haja Pedro , Torres Ana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Cancer-related cognitive impairment is a common and potentially debilitating symptom experienced by non-central nervous system (CNS) cancer patients, with negative impact on their quality of life. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function–Version 3 (FACT-Cog-v3) is the most extensively used instrument specifically developed to evaluate cognitive complaints in adult cancer patients. Nevertheless, this self-report measure is not yet validated to the Portuguese population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the FACT-Cog-v3 among non-CNS cancer patients in Portugal.
Methods: The validation study was conducted based on a convenience sample of 281 non-CNS cancer patients, aged between 18 and 65 years, recruited online. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the factor structure of the Portuguese FACT-Cog-v3 version; internal consistency analysis was also conducted. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30–version 3) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were also used to test the concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity of the scale.
Results: CFA supported a four-factor model with good fix indexes and internal consistencies: perceived cognitive impairments (α=0.97), comments from others (α=0.92), perceived cognitive abilities (α=0.93), and impact on quality of life (α=0.92). Concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validities were confirmed. Moderate and strong correlations were found between the FACT-Cog-v3 subscales and the QLQ-C30 cognitive functioning subscale. Good convergent validity, with moderate correlations, was found between the FACT-Cog-v3 subscales and the HADS-A, HADS-D, and QLQ-C30 fatigue, sleep disturbance, and global health status subscales. There was acceptable discriminant validity, with weak and moderate correlations, between the FACT-Cog-v3 subscales and the QLQ-C30 pain and nausea/vomiting subscales.
Conclusions: The Portuguese FACT-Cog-v3 version can be considered a reliable and valid measure to assess cognitive concerns of non-CNS cancer patients, with relevance for research and clinical practice.
Using machine learning methods to predict the lactate trend of sepsis patients in the ICU
Authors: Arslantas Mustafa Kemal , Asuroglu Tunc , Arslantas Reyhan , Pashazade Emin , Dincer Pelin Corman , Altun Gulbin Tore , Kararmaz Alper 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Serum lactate levels are considered a biomarker of tissue hypoxia. In sepsis or septic shock patients as suggested by The Surviving Sepsis Campaign serum lactate levels should be assessed and early lactate clearance-directed therapy is associated with decreased mortality. Monitoring a patient's vital parameters and repeatedly done blood analysis may have deleterious effects on the patient and brings an economical burden. Machine learning algorithms and trend analysis are gaining importance to overcome these unwanted facts. In this context, we aimed to investigate if an artificial intelligence approach can predict lactate trends from non-invasive clinical variables of patients with sepsis.
Methods
In this retrospective study, adult patients with sepsis from the MIMIC-IV dataset who had at least two serum lactate measurements recorded within the first 6 hours of sepsis diagnosis and who also has an ICU length of stay ≥ 24 hours are evaluated and ≥1mmol/l change is considered as a trend indicator. For prediction of lactate trend Naïve Bayes, J48 Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Logistic Model Tree (LMT) classifiers are evaluated.
Results
LMT algorithm outperformed other classifiers (AUC= 0.832). J48 decision tree performed worse when predicting constant lactate trend. LMT algorithm with 4 features (heart rate, oxygen saturation, lactate value before sepsis diagnosis, and time interval variables) achieved 0.821 in terms of AUC.
Conclusion
We can say that machine learning models that employ logistic regression architectures, i.e. LMT algorithm achieved good results in lactate trend prediction tasks can be effectively used to assess the state of the patient whether it is stable or improving.
Identifying and Supporting Struggling Candidates in Peer-Led Basic Life Support Training
Authors: Gillam Lawrence , Crawshaw Benjamin , - Matthew Booker , Allsop Sarah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Bristol Medical School has adopted a peer-led teaching approach to deliver Basic Life Support training to first year undergraduate medical students. Challenges arose when trying to identify early in the course which candidates were struggling with their learning. We aimed to develop a novel, online performance scoring system to better track and highlight candidate progress.
Methods
Candidate performance was rated at six time-points using a 10-point scale. The scores were then collated and entered onto an anonymised secured spreadsheet. This document was conditionally formatted to provide a visual representation of the score. A One-Way ANOVA was performed on the scores and trends analysed during each course. Descriptive statistics were assessed. Values are presented as mean scores with standard deviation (x̄±SD).
Results
A significant linear trend was demonstrated (P < 0.001) for the progression of candidates over the course. The average session score increased from 4.61 ± 1.78 at the start to 7.92 ± 1.22 at the end of the final session. A threshold of less than the mean-1SD was used to highlight struggling candidates. This threshold was then used within the secure spreadsheet and enabled efficient highlighting of struggling candidates in real time.
Conclusions
By highlighting candidates that either singly score less than 1SD of the mean or improvement between sessions is below mean-1SD in a conditionally formatted spreadsheet, we have been able to identify struggling candidates early and communicate effectively to the instructors which students need and will benefit from remedial support.
Designing a Sustainable Digital Entrepreneurship Model Toward Development of Industry 4.0
Authors: Khorasgani gholamreza Hashemzadeh , pourvaziry zahra , modiri mahmood , farsijani hassan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Digitalization plays a significant role in contributing towards the realization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Without a sustainable approach, the survival of existing businesses is impossible, what ranks first is surely a simultaneous comprehensive approach to sustainability. Undoubtedly the social, economic, and environmental challenges in entrepreneurship of the future cannot be solved if they are viewed separately. This study is therefore functional in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of doing research. The method of data collection is library and field studies using questionnaire tool. Those with relevant postgraduate qualifications and at least ten years of working experience, especially entrepreneurship experience in the Industry 4.0 with a sufficiently motivated executive background to participate were chosen. In the quantitative section, the experts include nine executives and senior experts in Digitalization who were selected through snowballing. The most important dimensions and criteria of a sustainable Digital Entrepreneurship model are identified by theoretical literature review and interviewing experts and then screened and localized with expert opinions and fuzzy Delphi techniques. After collecting data through a paired comparisons questionnaire, the data were analyzed using a fuzzy-dimensional network analysis process hybrid technique. The findings of fuzzy DEMATEL indicated that the dimensions of "environmental", "economic" and "social" sustainability in achieving sustainable Digital Entrepreneurship