bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Messaging on Expectations and Understanding of Long COVID: An Online Randomised Trial
Authors: Bhogal Jaskiran Kaur , Mills Freya , Dennis Amelia , Spoiala Cristina , Milward Joanna , Saeed Sidra , Jones Leah Ffion , Weston Dale , Carter Holly 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe examined whether providing different types of information about Long COVID would affect expectations about the illness.DesignA 2 (Illness description: Long COVID vs ongoing COVID-19 recovery) x 2 (Illness uncertainty: uncertainty emphasised vs uncertainty not emphasised) x 2 (Efficacy of support: enhanced support vs basic support) between-subjects randomised online experimental study.SettingThe online platform Prolific, collected in October 2021.ParticipantsA representative sample of 1110 members of the public in the UK.InterventionsParticipants were presented with a scenario describing a positive COVID-19 test result and then presented with one of eight scenarios describing a Long COVID diagnosis.Primary and Secondary Outcome MeasuresVarious outcome measures relating to illness expectations were captured including: symptom severity, symptom duration, quality of life, personal control, treatment control and illness coherence.ResultsWe ran a series of 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVAs on the outcome variables. We found a main effect of illness description: individuals reported longer symptom duration and less illness coherence when the illness was described as Long COVID (compared to ongoing COVID-19 recovery). There was a main effect of illness uncertainty: when uncertainty was emphasised, participants reported longer expected symptom duration, less treatment control, and less illness coherence than when uncertainty was not emphasised. There was also a main effect of efficacy of support: participants reported higher personal control and higher treatment control when support was enhanced (compared to basic support). We also found an interaction between illness description and efficacy of support: when support was enhanced, participants reported less illness coherence for Long COVID (compared to ongoing COVID-19 recovery).ConclusionsCommunications around Long COVID should not emphasise symptom uncertainty and should provide people with information on how they can facilitate their recovery and where they can access additional support. The findings also suggest that use of the term ongoing COVID-19 recovery, where possible, may reduce negative expectations associated with the illness.Strengths and Limitations of this studyThis is one of the first experimental designed studies to assess the impact of different types of communication about Long COVID.Participants were a UK representative sample, although these findings are not necessarily applicable to all population groups (i.e., ethnic minorities).This study is one of the first applications of the IPQ-R in a hypothetical, online experiment, with high reliability.This was an online experiment, with hypothetical scenarios and participants with no experience of COVID-19 or Long COVID, therefore outcomes may be different in a real-world context.
Prospective Motion Correction and Automatic Segmentation of Penetrating Arteries in Phase Contrast MRI at 7 T
Authors: Moore Julia , Jimenez Jordan , Lin Weili , Powers William , Zong Xiaopeng 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTPurposeTo develop a prospective motion correction (MC) method for phase contrast (PC) MRI of penetrating arteries (PA) in centrum semiovale at 7 T and evaluate its performance using automatic PA segmentation.MethodsHead motion was monitored and corrected during the scan based on fat navigator images. Two convolutional neural networks (CNN) were developed to automatically segment PAs and exclude surface vessels. Real-life scans with MC and without MC (NoMC) were performed to evaluate the MC performance. Motion score was calculated from the range of translational and rotational motion parameters. MC vs NoMC pairs were divided according to their score differences into groups with similar, less, or more motions during MC. Data reacquisition was also performed to evaluate whether it can further improve PA visualization.ResultsIn the group with similar motion, more PA counts (NPA) were obtained with MC in 9 (60%) cases, significantly more than the number of cases (1) with less PAs (p = 0.011; binomial test). In the group with less motion during MC, MC images had more or similar NPA in all cases, while in the group with more motion during MC, the numbers of cases with less and more NPA during MC were not significantly different (3 vs 0). Data reacquisition did not further increase NPA. CNNs had higher sensitivity (0.85) and accuracy (Dice coefficient 0.85) of detecting PAs than a threshold based method.ConclusionsProspective MC and CNN based segmentation improved the visualization and delineation of PAs in PC MRI at 7 T.
A monotone single index model for missing-at-random longitudinal proportion data
Authors: Acharyya Satwik , Pati Debdeep , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Sun Shumei 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBeta distributions are commonly used to model proportion valued response variables, commonly encountered in longitudinal studies. In this article, we develop semi-parametric Beta regression models for proportion valued responses, where the aggregate covariate effect is summarized and flexibly modeled, using a interpretable monotone time-varying single index transform of a linear combination of the potential covariates. We utilize the potential of single index models, which are effective dimension reduction tools and accommodate link function misspecification in generalized linear mixed models. Our Bayesian methodology incorporates the missing-at-random feature of the proportion response, and utilize Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling to conduct inference. We explore finite-sample frequentist properties of our estimates, and assess the robustness via detailed simulation studies. Finally, we illustrate our methodology via application to a motivating longitudinal dataset on obesity research recording proportion body fat.
Chromatin reprogramming and transcriptional regulation orchestrate embryogenesis in hexaploid wheat
Authors: Zhao Long , Lin Xuelei , Yang Yiman , Bie Xiaomin , Zhang Hao , Chen Jinchao , Liu Xuemei , Wang Hao , Jiang Jiafu , Fu Xiangdong , Zhang Xiansheng , Xiao Jun 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTEmbryogenesis represents the beginning of life cycle, but our understanding of the regulatory circuitry in plants is far lagged to animals. Here, we draw a transcriptome trajectory and chromatin landscape profile during embryogenesis of most cultivated crop hexaploid wheat, highlighting large-scale chromatin reconfiguration and distinct proximal and distal transcriptional regulation in defining cell fate transition. Upon fertilization, H3K27ac and H3K4me3 resetting were correlated with maternal genome silence, while de novo building of chromatin accessibility activated zygotic genome. Global depletion of H3K27me3 in pre-embryo results in a permissive chromatin environment with gain-of-chromatin accessibility, allowing subsequent hierarchical cis- and trans-regulation network mediated by key factors, such as LEC1, MYB, ZHD, LEC2, governing embryo pattern formation. By contrast, H3K27me3 restoration coordinating with chromatin compaction in developmental genes attenuated totipotency and prohibited extensive organogenesis during embryo maturation. In addition, dynamic biased expression of homeolog triads and diverse expression profiles after polyploidization were observed. This is correlated with asymmetric transposon elements insertion in accessible proximal and distal regions. Thus, our study revealed a plant-specific chromatin reprogramming process in facilitating the hierarchical transcription regulation circuits mediated “inverse hourglass model” and unveiled epigenetic regulation of evolutionary divergence among different sub-genome in shaping embryogenesis in polyploidy wheat.
Immune-responsive biodegradable scaffolds for enhancing neutrophil regeneration
Authors: Kerr Matthew D. , McBride David A. , Johnson Wade T. , Chumber Arun K. , Najibi Alexander J. , Seo Bo Ri , Stafford Alexander G. , Scadden David T. , Mooney David J. , Shah Nisarg J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeutrophils are essential effector cells for mediating rapid host defense and their insufficiency arising from therapy-induced side-effects, termed neutropenia, can lead to immunodeficiency-associated complications. In autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), neutropenia is a complication that limits therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report the development and in vivo evaluation of an injectable, biodegradable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based scaffold, termed HA cryogel, with myeloid responsive degradation behavior. In mouse models of immune deficiency, we show that the infiltration of functional myeloid-lineage cells, specifically neutrophils, is essential to mediate HA cryogel degradation. Post-HSCT neutropenia in recipient mice delayed degradation of HA cryogels by up to 3 weeks. We harnessed the neutrophil-responsive degradation to sustain the release of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) from HA cryogels. Sustained release of G-CSF from HA cryogels enhanced post-HSCT neutrophil recovery, comparable to pegylated G-CSF, which, in turn, accelerated cryogel degradation. HA cryogels are a potential approach for enhancing neutrophils and concurrently assessing immune recovery in neutropenic hosts.
Risk of COVID-19 Reinfection and Vaccine Breakthrough Infection, Madera County, California, 2021
Authors: Nguyen Minhphuong , Paul Eric , Mills Paul K. , Paul Simon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe probability of either testing COVID-19 positive or dying for three cohorts in Madera County, California in 2021 was compared. These cohorts included 1. those unvaccinated, 2. those vaccinated and 3. persons with a previous COVID-19 infection. The three groups were made generally comparable by matching on age, gender, postal zip code of residence, and the date of either COVID-19 infection or of vaccination.The hazard ratio (HR) for death (from all causes) after COVID-19 infection vs. vaccination was 11.7 (95% CI 5.91-23.1, p<0.05). The HR for testing positive for COVID-19 >14 days after initial COVID-19 infection or after completing primary COVID-19 vaccination was 1.98 (95% CI 1.53-2.58 p<0.001). As the majority of positive COVID-19 tests in the post COVID-19 cohort occurred within 90 days of the initial infection, and as these early positives may not represent a new infection, we also compared rates of testing COVID-19 positive ≥ 90 days after initial infection or vaccination. After removing these early positive COVID-19 tests that occurred between days 14-90, the HR ratio for testing COVID-19 positive is now lower for the post COVID-19 cohort compared with the vaccinated cohort. The risk for having a positive COVID-19 test occurring 90 days after an initial COVID-19 infection or after vaccination was 0.54 (95% CI 0.33-0.87, p<0.05) for the post COVID-19 group vs Vaccinated group.Thus the risk for testing COVID-19 positive was higher in the first 90 days after COVID-19 infection compared to those vaccinated. However, from 90 to 300 days after COVID-19 infection, the post COVID-19 infection cohort had a lower risk of testing COVID-19 positive than those fully vaccinated.
Improved production and expanded application of CVS-N2c-ΔG virus for retrograde tracing
Authors: Lin Kunzhang , Li Lei , Ma Wenyu , Yang Xin , Han Zengpeng , Luo Nengsong , Xu Fuqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeurotropic virus tracers, particularly those with low toxicity and high efficient tracing, are powerful tools for structural and functional dissections of neural circuits. The retrograde trans-mono-synaptic technology based on rabies virus CVS-N2c strain has reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced efficiency, attains long-term gene manipulation for functional studies, but suffers from difficult preparation and low yield. To overcome these shortcomings, an improved production system was established for rapid rescue and preparation of CVS-N2c-ΔG virus, CVS-N2c-ΔG with the same titer as SAD-B19-ΔG can be prepared within a short time. Meanwhile, we found that N2cG coated CVS-N2c-ΔG allows efficient retrograde access to projection neurons, and further expand its application in VTA/SNc to DLS pathway that unaddressed by rAAV9-Retro, and the efficiency is 6 folds higher than that of rAAV9-Retro. Then the trans-synaptic efficiency of CVS-N2c-ΔG virus was evaluated. Results showed that the trans-mono-synaptic efficiency of oG-mediated CVS-N2c-ΔG was 2-3 folds higher than that of oG-mediated SAD-B19-ΔG, but there was no difference between oG-mediated and N2cG-mediated CVS-N2c-ΔG system. In addition, codon modified N2cG (optiG) did not increase the efficiency of CVS-N2c-ΔG tracing. Finally, we found that the CVS-N2c-ΔG produced by the improved method can be used for monitoring neural activity of projection neurons, and the time window can be maintained for 3 weeks, and it can also express sufficient recombinases for efficient transgene recombination. That is, the virus produced by the improved production system does not affect its own function, paving the way for its further optimization, popularization and application in structural and functional studies of neural circuits.
Non-Invasive classification of macrophage polarisation by 2P-FLIM and machine learning
Authors: Neto Nuno G.B. , O’Rourke Sinead A. , Zhang Mimi , Fitzgerald Hannah K. , Dunne Aisling , Monaghan Michael G. 
Published: January 2022

1.AbstractIn this study, fluorescence lifetime imaging of NAD(P)H-based cellular autofluorescence is applied as a non-invasive modality to classify two contrasting states of human macrophages by proxy of their governing metabolic state. Macrophages were obtained from human blood-circulating monocytes, polarised using established treatments, and metabolically challenged using small molecules to validate their responding metabolic actions in extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) quantified variations in NAD(P)H-derived fluorescent lifetimes in large field-of-view images of individual polarised macrophages also challenged, in real-time with small molecule perturbations of metabolism during imaging. We uncover FLIM parameters that are pronounced under the action of carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) which strongly stratifies the phenotype of polarised human macrophages. This stratification and parameters emanating from a FLIM approach, served as the basis for machine learning models. Applying a random forest model, identified three strongly governing FLIM parameters, achieving a ROC AUC value of 0.944 when classifying human macrophages.
Association of serum potassium derangements with mortality among patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Thongprayoon Charat , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Radhakrishnan Yeshwanter , Zabala Genovez Jose L. , Petnak Tananchai , Shawwa Khaled , Qureshi Fawad , Mao Michael A. , Kashani Kianoush B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to assess the association between serum potassium and mortality in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).MethodsWe studied 1279 acute kidney injury patients receiving CRRT in a tertiary referral hospital in the United States. We used logistic regression to assess the association of serum potassium before CRRT and mean serum potassium during CRRT with 90‐day mortality after CRRT initiation, using serum potassium 4.0–4.4 mmol/L as reference group.ResultsBefore CRRT, there was a U‐shaped association between serum potassium and 90‐day mortality. There was a significant increase in mortality when serum potassium before CRRT was ≤3.4 and ≥4.5 mmol/L. During CRRT, progressively increased mortality was noted when mean serum potassium was ≥4.5 mmol/L. The odds ratio of 90‐day mortality was significantly higher when mean serum potassium was ≥4.5 mmol/L.ConclusionHypokalemia and hyperkalemia before CRRT and hyperkalemia during CRRT predicts 90‐day mortality.
The burden of influenza among Kenyan pregnant and postpartum women and their infants, 2015–2020
Authors: Otieno Nancy A. , Nyawanda Bryan O. , McMorrow Meredith , Oneko Martina , Omollo Daniel , Lidechi Shirley , Widdowson Marc‐Alain , Flannery Brendan , Chaves Sandra S. , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Emukule Gideon O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn tropical Africa, data about influenza‐associated illness burden are needed to assess potential benefits of influenza vaccination among pregnant women. We estimated the incidence of influenza among pregnant women and their infants in Siaya County, Kenya.MethodsWe enrolled women at <31 weeks of gestation and conducted weekly follow‐up until 6‐month postpartum to identify acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs). We defined ARI among mothers as reported cough, rhinorrhoea or sore throat and among infants as maternal‐reported cough, difficulty breathing, rhinorrhoea or clinician diagnosis of respiratory illness. We collected nasal/nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs from mothers/infants with ARI and tested for influenza A and B using molecular assays. We calculated antenatal incidence of laboratory‐confirmed influenza among mothers and postnatal incidence among mothers and infants.ResultsDuring June 2015 to May 2020, we analysed data from 3,026 pregnant women at a median gestational age of 16 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 13, 18) and followed 2,550 infants. Incidence of laboratory‐confirmed influenza during pregnancy (10.3 episodes per 1,000 person‐months [95% confidence interval {CI} 8.6–11.8]) was twofold higher than in the postpartum period (4.0 [95% CI 2.6–5.5];p < 0.01). Incidence was significantly higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected pregnant women (15.6 [95% CI 11.0–20.6] vs. 9.1 [95% CI 7.5–10.8];p < 0.01). Incidence among young infants was 4.4 (95% CI 3.0–5.9) and similar among HIV‐exposed and HIV‐unexposed infants.ConclusionOur findings suggest a substantial burden of influenza illnesses during pregnancy, with a higher burden among HIV‐infected mothers. Kenyan authorities should consider the value of vaccinating pregnant women, especially if HIV infected.
Determinants of student performance with mobile‐based assessment systems for English as a foreign language courses
Authors: Bacca‐Acosta Jorge , Fabregat Ramon , Baldiris Silvia , Kinshuk  , Guevara Juan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMobile‐based assessment has been an active area of research in the field of mobile learning. Prior research has demonstrated that mobile‐based assessment systems positively affect student performance. However, it is still unclear why and how these systems positively affect student performance.ObjectivesThis study aims to identify the determinants of student performance during students' use of a mobile‐based assessment application in a formative assessment activity as part of English as a Foreign Language courses in higher education.MethodsA structural model based on hypotheses will be validated using partial least squares‐structural equation modelling with data from the interaction of around 100 students of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) courses from the A1 and A2 levels of English that used a mobile‐based assessment system for a period of 4 weeks.Results and ConclusionsThis registered report describes the related work, hypotheses development, methodology, and proposed analysis to validate the structural model based on hypotheses. No results or conclusions have been obtained yet.
Dimensional ridge changes in conjunction with four implant timing protocols and two types of soft tissue grafts: A pilot pre‐clinical study
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Seok , Shin Seung‐Yun , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ui‐Won , Lim Hyun‐Chang , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the effect of (1) implant placement timing and (2) the type of soft tissue graft in terms of ridge profile changes.Materials and MethodsFour implant treatment modalities were applied in the mesial root areas of the third and fourth mandibular premolars of 10 mongrel dogs alongside connective‐tissue graft (CTG) and volume‐stable cross‐linked collagen matrix (VCMX): immediate, early, and delayed placement (DP), and DP following alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). All dogs were sacrificed 3 months after soft tissue augmentation. Standard Tessellation Language files from designated time points were analysed.ResultsCompared with the pre‐extraction situation, the median width of the ridge demontstrated a linear increase only in group ARP/CTG (0.07 mm at the 2‐mm level), whereas all other groups showed a reduction (between −1.87 and −0.09 mm, p > .05). Groups ARP/CTG (0.17 mm) and DP/CTG (0.05 mm) exhibited a profilometric tissue gain in a set region of interest (p > .05). The net effect of CTG and VCMX ranged from 0.14 to 0.79 mm.ConclusionsDimensional ridge changes varied between treatment protocols. ARP with CTG led to the smallest difference in ridge profile between the pre‐extraction and the study end time point. Both CTG and VCMX enhanced the ridge contour.
Circulating tumour cells and tumour biomarkers in functional midgut neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Meyer Tim , Caplin Martyn , Khan Mohid S. , Toumpanakis Christos , Shetty Shishir , Ramage John K. , Houchard Aude , Higgs Kate , Shah Tahir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCALM‐NET was a phase IV exploratory study in the UK that aimed to evaluate if the presence of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) at baseline predicted symptomatic response in patients with midgut neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) treated with lanreotide autogel (LAN). Adults with functional, well/moderately differentiated (Ki‐67 <20%) midgut NETs received LAN 120 mg/28 days for 1 year. CTCs were present in blood if enumeration was >0. Primary endpoint was the clinical value of baseline CTCs to predict symptomatic response (decrease in diarrhoea or flushing of ≥50% frequency, or ≥1 severity level). Other endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS) and correlations between plasma and urinary biomarkers (including 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid [5‐HIAA]). Fifty patients were enrolled; 40 completed the study. Baseline CTCs were present in 22 (45.8%) patients (missing baseline CTC status n = 2). Overall, 87.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73.9; 94.5) of patients had a symptomatic response; a 5.9‐fold higher odds of symptomatic response in patients without CTC versus patients with CTC at baseline was observed, although this was not statistically significant (odds ratio: 0.17 [95% CI: 0.02; 1.65], p = .126). One‐year PFS rate was 66.4% (95% CI: 48.8; 79.2). Biomarker concentrations did not correlate to baseline CTC status. However, there was a strong correlation between plasma and urinary 5‐HIAA (Spearman correlation coefficients ≥0.87 [p < .001], all time points). In conclusion, patients without CTC at baseline may be more likely to achieve a symptomatic response following LAN treatment than patients with CTC. Plasma 5‐HIAA correlated with urinary 5‐HIAA during LAN treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02075606.