bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NYADRAN KALI DALAM PERSPEKTIF BUDDHISME (Studi Kasus Pada Masyarakat Umat Buddha di Desa Kalimanggis, Kaloran, Kabupaten Temanggung)
Authors: Mugiyo Mugiyo 
Published: February 2022

Tradisi Nyadran Kali merupakan salah satu tradisi jawa ada Desa Kalimanggis. Masyarakat Desa Kalimanggis setiap tahun melaksanakan Nyadran Kali tersebut. Kepercayaan masyarakat pada tradisi Nyadran Kali sangat tinggi. Hal tersebut dikarenakan pada Nyadran Kali tersebut memiliki manfaat yang tinggi. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian adalah untuk memahami tradisi Jawa Nyadran Kali dalam perspektif Buddhisme pada masyarakat Desa Kalimanggis Kecamatan Kaloran Kabupaten Temanggung dan seberapa besar nilai-nilai dari kegiatan Nyadran Kali tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan kualitatif lapangan. Selanjutnya untuk pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan wawancara sebagai data yang utama. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Penghormatan leluhur pada tradisi ini sebagai ungkapan rasa terimakasih masyarakat Desa Kalimanggis. Selain itu hasil penelitian ini untuk mewujudkan gotong royong, untuk mewujudkan kerjasama dan kerja keras, memberi penghormatan, sebagai rasa bakti, perwujudan keyakinan, perwujudan bakti, dan pluralisme dalam masyarakat.
La mescolanza linguistica come forma di comunicazione espressiva: il caso del canto popolare bergamasco.
Authors: Sonzogni Mattia 
Published: February 2022

Il canto popolare bergamasco si presenta come un diasistema dove lingua e dialetto si trovano frammisti e impiegati in un unico strumento espressivo. Il presente articolo, partendo da una proposta teorica di Glauco Sanga, descrive la mescolanza linguistica dei testi popolari alla luce di considerazioni non solo linguistiche ma anche stilistiche. L’impiego dei due codici linguistici è infatti regolato da specifiche finalità espressive. Il contributo individua dei registri di mescolanza linguistica lungo la polarità lingua-dialetto, associando la struttura linguistica a quella testuale facendo emergere come l’interazione non sia arbitraria ma si muova perseguendo precise finalità estetiche.
Il canto popolare bergamasco si presenta come un diasistema dove lingua e dialetto si trovano frammisti e impiegati in un unico strumento espressivo. Il presente articolo, partendo da una proposta teorica di Glauco Sanga, descrive la mescolanza linguistica dei testi popolari alla luce di considerazioni non solo linguistiche ma anche stilistiche. L’impiego dei due codici linguistici è infatti regolato da specifiche finalità espressive. Il contributo individua dei registri di mescolanza linguistica lungo la polarità lingua-dialetto, associando la struttura linguistica a quella testuale facendo emergere come l’interazione non sia arbitraria ma si muova perseguendo precise finalità estetiche.
Estrés celular y SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Delgado Mariangel , Rodríguez Mariajose , Moros Zoila , Aristimuño Olga Carolina , Franco Christopher , Vizzi Esmeralda , Liprandi Ferdinando , Hidalgo Mariana , Garzaro Domingo J , Rangel Héctor R , Loureiro Carmen L , Sulbaran Yoneira , Jaspe Rossana Celeste , Pujol Flor H , Zambrano R José Luis 
Published: February 2022

Introducción: El agente etiológico responsable de COVID-19, SARSCoV-2, es un virus ARN perteneciente a la familia Coronaviridae. Durante la replicación, los componentes virales interactúan con la maquinaria celular induciendo alteraciones en la fisiología celular, lo que contribuye a la patogénesis del virus. Método: Revisión bibliográfica en NCBI/Pubmed sobre estrés celular y SARS-CoV-2 Hallazgos de interpretación: Como respuesta a la infección, en la célula hospedadora se activan vías de señalización, cuyo principal objetivo es recuperar la homeostasis y de no lograrlo, inducir a la activación de la muerte celular. Entre las vías de señalización mejor caracterizadas, destacan las rutas de estrés celular como el estrés oxidativo, la UPR (Respuesta a proteínas no plegadas), y la autofagia, las cuales son evolutivamente bien conservadas y además están interconectadas entre sí. Hay fuerte evidencia teórica y experimental de diversas interacciones de algunos componentes de estas rutas con distintas proteínas virales de los coronavirus, y ya se han adelantado algunos estudios con SARS-CoV-2. En esta revisión, resaltamos algunas de las rutas celulares-virus que se han caracterizado hasta el momento.
Reflexiones finales: Aún queda mucho por entender de estas rutas y su relación con las infecciones virales; esto pudiera constituir un importante blanco para la investigación y desarrollo de terapias antivirales.
Conditions over the equatorial area during the period of monsoon experiment (Monex) 1973
Authors: DESAI B. N. , RANGACHARI N. , SUBRAMANIAN S. K. , SAMBAMOORTHY T. M. 
Published: February 2022

The surface and upper air observations recorded by the two Russian ships, viz., Okean (EREI) and Voekov (UAAX) at different locations over the equator and by the observatories over Kenya during the monsoon experiment 1973, have been examined in detail to get an idea about the conditions over the equator during southwest monsoon. Comparative study of the observations over the equator, at Long. 60° and 50°E and of observations recorded at Garissa and Nairobi during the period 27 May to 4 June and 24 June to 2 July, has been made and presented in this paper. The observations of the ship Okean over the equator on its cruise from about Long 45.0°E to 70.0°E during the period from 16 to 22 June have also been critically examined.
The following salient features are revealed in this study:
(a) The southerly component in the wind direction and its depth increase as one moves wast of Long. 60°E southerly jet speed winds even being noticed near 40°E between about 850 and 700mb.
(b) The high humidities are noticed in the western Indian Ocean west of 50°E upto about 500 mb, indicating considerable transport of moisture across the equator over this area.
(c) An area of maximum dryness in levels above about 850 mb is noticed near Long. 60°E compared to other longitudes to the east and west. The difluence at the we3tern end (near 60°E) of the equatorial trough may also, to some extent, be responsible for relatively greater dryness at that longitude in levels above about.850 mb.
(d) The inverions or isothermal conditions seen in some of the tephigrams would not appear to be due to any mass subsidence over the equatorial area, but mainly due to the presence of district airmasses, as is evident from the variations of specific humidity values and the lapse rates.
(e) There would not appear presence of a deep layer of westerlies at all the longitudes over the equator.
(f) The upper level easterlies would appear to begin at lower heights over the eastern regions than over the western regions of the equator, the jet speeds occurring near about 150 mb.
(g) As at result of difference in circulation round 'highs' and 'lows' in the two hemispheres, it is difficult to trace systematic movements of pressure systems over the equator either from east to west or from west to east.
From the present study, it would appear that for a proper understanding of transport of air and moisture across the equator in the western Indian Ocean and the adjoining land areas, it is necessary to have rawin and radiosonde observations at intervals of about 1 degree between Long. 37° and 45°E. Such observations alone will enable us to understand the characteristics of southwest monsoon current over the Arabian Sea and predictions of its activity over the west coast of India in terms of rainfall.
Vertical potential gradient profile under point discharge current and wind
Authors: PRASAD M. , VERMA T. S. , VARSHNEYA N. C. 
Published: February 2022

An attempt is made to study the influence of winds and point discharge current on vertical electric potential gradient profile in thunderstorms in the atmosphere. This is further extended to the case of precipitation where falling drops possess charge but do not interact with ions. The profiles under different wind speeds are plotted and compared.
A study of large floods in the Thambraparani river in Tamil Nadu
Authors: RAO VUDDAGIRI SUBBA , RAMASWAMY C. 
Published: February 2022

The paper contains analysis of 16 synoptic situations during the period 1891-1960 (70 years) over and near the Gulf of Mannar m which prima facie, there could have been very heavy ram and consequent large floods in the Thambraparani river in the extreme south of the Indian Peninsula. It was however found that there were only 3 situations, in which 24 hours rainfall exceeding 200 millimeters at anyone station in the river catchment was recorded. In all these three cases, there were large floods in that river.
The basic synoptic causes for these 3 occasions of large floods have been investigated in detail. Hydrological data pertaining to these 3 flood-situations were specially obtained from the Government of Tamil Nadu in the proforma prescribed by UNESCO for compiling information about catastrophic floods. Discharge-hydrographs based on the available data were prepared and studied. Isohyetal analyses for a one-day and two-day rainstorm were also carried out. The hydrological characteristics of the floods so far as these could be determined from the available flood-data have been discussed. All the three oases of large floods could be termed as “Flash floods". The factors that led to the very heavy rainfall and flash floods have been discussed from the point of view of issue of heavy rainfall and flood warnings on a quasi-empirical basis.
On the crustal structure of the eastern Himalayas adjoining Tibetan Plateau and Chinese mountain
Authors: TANDON A.N. , DUBE R.K. , CHATTERJEE S.N. 
Published: February 2022

The crustal structure of the eastern Himalayas, adjoining Tibetan Plateau and Chinese mountains has been investigated from body wave data of near earthquakes. A three layered crustal model consisting of two granitic layers (granite I and II) and one basaltic layer has been interpreted. Wave velocities for Pg1, Pg2, P and Pn phases have been observed to be as 5.65, 6.03, 6.49 and 7.97 km/sec and for Sgl', Sg2' S, tunnel to than Sn phases to be as 3.42, 3.60,3.90 and 4.53 km/sec respectively. It has also been observed that the wave velocity increases with depth in the granite I layer. The average thickness of the crustal layers for granite I are found to be as 22.0 km, for granite II as 12.3 km and for basaltic layer as 16.1 km. The average depth of the, M-discontinuity in the region has been interpreted as 504 km. It has also been observed that the crust-mantle boundary dips at an angle of about 30' from south to north along Long. 103°E. A general thickening of the crust has also been observed in the eastern Himalayas from Kunming towards Lhasa.
Prediction of storm surges on the east coast of India
Authors: GHOSH S.K. 
Published: February 2022

Nomograms to estimate peak storm surges generated by tropical cyclones impinging on, the east coast of India are prepared using Jelesnianski's. SPLASH (1972) model. The. pre-computed nomograms accommodate fixed values for pressure drop, radius of maximum wild, vector motion of storms and offshore bathymetry.
Two sets of nomograms are presented -one for the northeast coast of India where the slope of the continental shelf is extremely shallow -the other for the remaining east coast where the slope in general is extremely steep.
A nomogram to correct the magnitude of the peak surge for tidal effects is also prepared for the notheast coast of India where the semidiurnal tide range is large.
A method to estimate total sea level elevation along a coastal stretch by means of nomograms is given for the northeast coast of India.
Wind stress and fluxes of sensible and latent heat over the Arabian Sea during ISMEX-I973
Authors: PANT M. C. 
Published: February 2022

During the Indo-Soviet Monsoon Experiment (ISMEX) in the year 1973, four Russian research vessels Vocikov, Okean, Shokaliasky and Priliv remained stationary at locations near 00.1 oN, 49 .6°E; 00 .1 oN. 60.0°E; 10.0°N. 60.0°E and 18 .O°N, 67.0°E respectively from 28 June to 2 July 1973. Hourly surface observations were taken on board the ships during this period. From these observations hourly values of shearing stress of wind at the surface and vertical fluxes of sensible and latent heat at the air-sea interface are computed by using the bulk aerodynamic formulae. A variable drag coefficient with wind speed is used as suggested by Deacon and Webb (1962). Hourly values of the Richardson number (Ri) for the four locations are also computed.
It is found that the surface layers at locations near 00 .1°N, 49.6oE; 10.0°N, 60.0°E and 18.0°N, 67.0°E show near neutral stability conditions. The wind stress values are comparatively smaller at the equatorial locations than those at the northern ones. A marked increase in the wind stress occurs in association with a surge in the monsoon current.
The sensible heat flux shows a well defined diurnal variation which is in close conformity with the diurnal variations of the air sea temperature difference. Maximum positive flux occurs around mid-night or dawn hours and minimum around mid-day or afternoon hours. An 'actual reversal of direction of the sensible heat flux is found to occur at noon hours particularly at the northern locations near 10.0°N, 60 .O°E and 18.0°N. 67.0°E during the period of study. The latent heat flux remains positive at all times of the day and shows a relative decrease or increase with a decreas3 or increase in the wind speed. While the sensible heat flux shows a marked increase during disturbed weather period, the latent heat flux shows a decrease during the same period.
Simultaneous occurrence of tropical cyclones on either side of the equator in the Indian Ocean area
Authors: MUKRERJEE A. K. , PADMANABHAM K. P. 
Published: February 2022

Malurkar (1950) postulated the formation of depressions or cyclones on both Sides of equator within a narrow ( <=40°) longitudinal belt, Pisharoty and Kulkarni (1956) conducted some case studies and Came to the conclusion that they do form as postulated by Malurkar and there is mutual interaction with one another so much so that when one system Intensifies the other weakens, Kuettner (1967) opined that the existence and, alignment of hills in Sumatra are responsible for simultaneous occurrences of storms and depressions on both sides of equator, To verify the above conclusions the present study was undertaken, It covers an 11 year period from 1964 to 1974. During the period as many as 14 storms/depressions formed on both sides of equator. Of course, there were some years when such systems did not develop, They form in transition months with a bias towards the post monsoon season, Kuettner's conclusions are generally supported. Pisharoty and Kulkarni's conclusions could not be supported, by the present study, Malurkar's conclusion that two tropical storms cannot both continue to move westwards and co-exist on either side of the equator when the longitudinal separation is small (<=10°) is also supported.
Particulate pollution in Delhi due to Indraprastha power plant
Authors: PADMANABHAMURTY B. , GUPTA R. N. 
Published: February 2022

Particulate deposition in Delhi due to Indraprastha Power Plant within a radius of 15 km from about it are computed employing the long period concentration equation recommended by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Ten years (1966-75) data of wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, surface temperature recorded at Safdarjung airport are used for plume rise and concentrations computations. An elaborate computer programme is developed to compute stability, wind and temperature at the stack level, and concentrations and depositions at every 1 km upto 15 km due to each stack.. The total contribution due to the power plant is obtained as a cumulative of the individual stacks. The same procedure is extended in all directions. Isolines delineating zones of low and high deposition are drawn on monthly and annual maps.
Zones of high deposition/concentration exceeding U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) secondary standard located at about 1 km from the power plant oscillates between east and southeast in the year except in monsoon months (June to September) when it lay at a distance of 1 km between west and westnorthwest covering areas like Daryaganj, Ferozshaw Kotla, Irwin Hospital. The total deposition in the winter period is high. The total annual deposition over the area of 15 km radius is 69.864 X 1010 micrograms. Considering the years as a whole the area bounded by the EP A threshold value lies in the southeast between 0 .7 arid 1 .7 km.
It is found that in the absence of any background pollution, particulate pollution in the zone under consideration can Le limited to EP A values by increasing the stack levels to 90 metres. With any increase of background pollution the stack height also is to be further raised.
Kinetic energy budget of an Arabian Sea Cyclone in June 1979
Authors: MANDAL G. S. , GUPTA S. C. , SARA S. K. 
Published: February 2022

A diagnostic kinetic energy study of a cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea of the southwest monsoon in June 1979 is presented in this paper. The surface and upper air dropsonde data especially taken during Monsoon Experiment in 1979 (MONEX-79) have been used for the computations. Some of the important results emerged from the study are following :

(i) The kinetic energy was maximum between 900 and 700 mb in all the period under study.
(ii) Internal as well us the external energy source was equally responsible for the generation of
kinetic energy of the system,
(iii) The horizontal boundary fluxes of energy is smaller but appreciable in magnitude when compared with the generation of kinetic energy from the potential energy due to cross isobaric flow in the lower level.
(iv) The values of different terms in kinetic energy equation are larger in case of the smaller volume when compared with the values of larger volume.
Surface winds in the cyclone field
Authors: SIVARAMAKRISHNAN T. R. , MUKHERJEE A. K. 
Published: February 2022

The surface winds recorded by the ONGC rigs in Arabian Sea during the passage of the time of a severe cyclonic storm in 1976 have been analysed and composite is prepared. The distribution of both the tangential and radial winds exhibits asymmetry with respect to the centre of the cyclone. Of the different formulae tried for the estimation of maximum wind speed from pressure values, Fletcher's formula is found to give a value close to the recorded maximum wind speed.
Studies on droughts of Tamil Nadu with special reference to their spread and severity
Authors: MOHAN H. S. RAM 
Published: February 2022

Droughts, generally understood as a period of dryness due to lack of rain is inter preted variously depending on the normal climatic conditions, available water resources, agricultural practices and economic activities of the region. Depending on the purpose of study and basic criteria chosen, all the concepts and definitions regarding droughts may be classified as precipitation droughts, atmospheric droughts, agricultural droughts and hydrologic droughts.

Most of the literature on droughts is based on the analysis of precipitation and temperature records -the statistical techniques are quantitative and often lack the physical basis while the non-statistical ones are empirical. On the other hand, Thornthwaite's water budget method is quantitative and based on a sound and rational physical approach. According to this, drought cannot be defined in terms of rainfall deficiency alone, without taking into account the water need of the region and the role of soil moisture.

In the present study, droughts during the period 1901-1975 over Tamil Nadu and vicinity have been analysed by the application of the water balance approach. Droughts, however, require extended periods of time to develop as they are usually the culmination of a set of weather sequences. Aridity, anomaly diagrams on a yearly basis have, therefore, been drawn which show annual fluctuation in aridity presumably caused by large-scale changes in general circulation of the atmosphere. With the annual patterns as a basis, drought spread diagrams on a monthly basis have been drawn to identify the 'cove' areas and periods.

After identifying the drought spells of various intensities and their spread, the cumulative effect of these water deficiencies in dry spells were assessed by employing the cumulative deviation technique. This method besides giving an objective assessment of drought severity, also indicates the beginning, duration and end of a drought spell- the components of a regular life cycle.
Evaluation of agricultural drought using probability distribution of soil moisture index
Authors: VICTOR U. S. , SASTRY P. S. N. 
Published: February 2022

Weekly soil moisture budget was worked out for kharif cropping season July through October for 33 years (1940-1972) for Delhi which has a semi-arid monsoonal climate. For this purpose the step function approach using climatological data suggested by Slatyer (1960) was followed. Soil moisture index (SMI), the ratio of available water to available water 'capacity in the soil root zone is directly related to the ratio of actual and potential evapotranspiration. frequency distribution of weekly SMI values were evaluated and compared with the Beta distribution. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of goodness of fit indicated the Beta distribution to be a suitable statistical model for approximating the frequency distribut.ion of SMI for the monsoon season.

For the threshold values corresponding to agricultural drought as well as potential moisture conditions in the root zone in respect of kharif crops, viz., sorghum, pearlmi1let, corn, paddy and peanut crops grown in the Delhi region, the frequency of occurrence of agricultural drought during the monsoon season in the different phenological stages was determined. These results are discussed with reference to selection of a cropping pattern tailored to rainfall distribution of the region.
Assessment of atmospheric drought during monsoon cropping season
Authors: SASTRY P. S. N. , CHAKRAVARTY N. V. K. 
Published: February 2022

During break periods in the southwest monsoon season in the semi-arid environment of India, crops under rainfed as well as irrigated conditions are prone to the effect of "atmospheric drought" as distinguished from 'soil' or "agricultural drought". This situation occurring at different stages of crop growth for a week or two is not reflected in the soil water balance, but is revealed in the crop growth rates and yields.

Evidence exists of energy gain through advection by evaporating surfaces of the order of 4 to 5 mm/day resulting in an increase in potential evapotranspiration rates by 2-3 mm/day. This situation can be traced on a macroscale to the westerlies during the 'break periods' and on a local scale to the post monsoon warming of surroundings with a reduces intensity. As yet, apart from the soil budgeting approach with the limitation mentioned above, there appears to be no method by which years with widely varying amounts of total seasonal rainfall but with different distribution patterns in the different growth stages resulting in atmospheric drought could be distinguished from one another or grouped together.

This paper while focussing the attention to this aspect illustrates an empirical technique based on sequential dry days for assessment of atmospheric drought.