bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of neurotransmitter receptor antagonists on sea urchin righting behavior and tube foot motility
Authors: McDonald Morgan , Griffin Natalie Paige , Howell Emma , Li Dingchen , Harnew-Spradley Sophia , Rodriguez Patrick , Lancaster Abigail , Umutoni Feza , Besh Jordan , Shelley Chris 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Echinoderms, such as sea urchins, occupy an interesting position in animal phylogeny in that they are genetically closer to vertebrates than the vast majority of all other invertebrates but have a nervous system that lacks a brain or brain-like structure. Despite this, very little is known about the neurobiology of the adult sea urchin, and how the nervous system is utilized to produce behavior. Here, we investigated effects on the righting response of antagonists of ionotropic receptors for the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, GABA and glycine, and antagonists of metabotropic receptors for the amines dopamine and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). Antagonists slowed the righting response in a dose-dependent manner, with a rank order of potency of strychnine&gt;haloperidol&gt;propranolol&gt;bicuculline&gt;hexamethonium, with RT50 values (concentrations that slowed righting time by 50%) ranging from 4.3 µmol l−1 for strychnine to 7.8 mmol l−1 for hexamethonium. The results also showed that both glycine and adrenergic receptors are needed for actual tube foot movement, and this may explain the slowed righting seen when these receptors were inhibited. Conversely, inhibition of dopamine receptors slowed the righting response but had no effect on tube foot motility, indicating that these receptors play roles in the neural processing involved in the righting behavior, rather than the actual physical righting. Our results identify the first effects of inhibiting the glycinergic, dopaminergic and adrenergic neurotransmitter systems in adult sea urchins and distinguish between the ability of sea urchins to right themselves and their ability to move their tube feet.
Fatigue Resistance of Photochromic Diarylethene in the Presence of Cyclodextrins with Different Pore Sizes
Authors: Miyamoto Ryotaro , Kitagawa Daichi , Kobatake Seiya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Among the various types of photochromic compounds, diarylethenes have good fatigue resistance, but further improvement is required. In this study, we investigated photochromic reaction behavior and fatigue resistance by inclusion in cyclodextrin (CD), which is a cyclic host molecule with three different pore sizes. A water-soluble diarylethene (DE1) synthesized in this work exhibited reversible photochromism in water. Continuous irradiation with UV light resulted in the formation of its byproduct. The addition of αCD showed no improvement of fatigue resistance. However, the addition of βCD and γCD suppressed a side reaction to result in the improvement of fatigue resistance. Especially, the addition of γCD gave a large improvement. To clarify the relationship between fatigue resistance of DE1 and the pore size of CD, the host-guest interaction between DE1 and CD was investigated using NOESY spectra. The results indicate that the depth of DE1 included in CD shows a large effect on suppression of the side reaction of DE1.
Is outdoor-resting behaviour in malaria vectors consistent? Short report from northern Ghana
Authors: Hamid-Adiamoh Majidah , Nwakanma Davis , Sraku Isaac , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred , A. Afrane Yaw 
Published: February 2022

Background: Recent studies have observed vectors resting predominantly outdoors in settings where anti-vector tools are extensively deployed, attributed to selection pressure from use of control tools. This present study examined if the outdoor resting behaviour in the vector population is random or indicative of a consistent preference of one resting site over the other. Methods: Mark-release-recapture experiments were conducted with outdoor-resting Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus mosquitoes collected from two villages in northern Ghana during rainy and dry seasons. Mosquitoes were marked with fluorescent dyes and released indoors. The experiments were controlled with indoor-resting mosquitoes, which were marked and released outdoors. Species of all recaptured mosquitoes were identified and assessed for consistency in their resting behaviour. Results: A total of 4,460 outdoor-resting mosquitoes comprising An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) (2,636, 59%) and An. funestus complex (1,824, 41%) were marked and released. Overall, 31 (0.7%) mosquitoes were recaptured mostly from outdoor location comprising 25 (81%) An. gambiae s.l. and 6 (19%) An. funestus complex. Only 3 (10%) of the recaptured mosquitoes were found resting indoors where they were released. The majority of the outdoor-recaptured mosquitoes were An. arabiensis (11, 39%), followed by An. coluzzii (7, 25%); whereas all indoor-recaptured mosquitoes were An. coluzzii. For the control experiment, 324 indoor-resting mosquitoes constituting 313 (97%) An. gambiae s.l. and 11 (3%) An. funestus complex were marked and released. However, none of these was recaptured neither indoors nor outdoors. More mosquitoes were captured and recaptured during rainy season, but this was not statistically significant (Z=0.79, P=0.21). Conclusions: These results suggested the tendency for the mosquitoes to retain their outdoor-resting behaviour. Further investigations are required to ascertain if emerging preference for outdoor resting behaviour in malaria vector populations is consistent or a random occurrence.
Analysis of broadband mid-infrared optical parametric amplification based on LiGaS2, LiGaSe2, LiInS2, and LiInSe2 crystals
Authors: Zhou Lu , Novák Ondřej , Smrž Martin , Mocek Tomáš 
Published: February 2022

Optical parametric amplification (OPA) is a powerful technique for generating mid-IR ultrashort pulses. Determination of proper OPA conditions is based on the study of phase-matching curves. In this paper, we provide this study for

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non-oxide crystals in a type I arrangement. Phase-matching characteristics and gain spectra were calculated when pumped at wavelengths of 1.03, 1.064, 1.94, and 2.1 µm. By pumping few-millimeter-long Li-based crystals at

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pump intensity, the signal gain spectrum bandwidths from a few tens of nanometers to a few thousands of nanometers can be obtained. All these crystals can display a broad bandwidth signal amplification, allowing the generation of broadband mid-IR ultrashort pulses.
Impact of physician’ and pharmacy staff supporting activities in usual care on patients’ statin adherence
Authors: Huiskes Victor Johan Bernard , Vriezekolk Johanna Everdina , van den Ende Cornelia Helena Maria , van Dijk Liset , van den Bemt Bartholomeus Johannes Fredericus 
Published: February 2022

Aims
Little is known about usual care by physicians and pharmacy teams to support adherence to statins and whether the extent of this care is associated with adherence to statins. Objective of the study was to examine the relationship between the extent of adherence supporting activities of healthcare practitioners (HCPs) and patients’ adherence to statins.

Methods
Cross-sectional study in 48 pharmacies and affiliated physicians’ practices, between September 3, 2014 and March 20, 2015. Patients visiting the pharmacy with a statin prescription from participating prescribers were invited to participate. Usual care to support adherence was assessed among HCPs with the Quality of Standard Care questionnaire about usual care activities to support adherence. Adherence to statins was assessed among patients with the MARS-5 questionnaire. The association between the extent of HCPs’ adherence supporting activities and patients’ adherence was examined by means of multilevel regression analysis.

Results
1,504 patients and 692 HCPs (209 physicians, 118 pharmacists and 365 pharmacy technicians) participated. No association was found between the extent of physicians’ adherence supporting activities and patients’ adherence to statins. The extent of adherence supporting activities by pharmacy teams in usual care was negatively associated with patients’ adherence to statins (B coefficient -0.057 (95%CI: -0.112- -0.002).

Conclusions
This study suggests that there is no positive relationship between the extent of HCPs’ adherence supporting activities in usual care and patients’ adherence to statins. Other methods than questionnaires (e.g. electronic monitors (to assess adherence) and observations (to assess usual care) should be applied to confirm the results of this study.
Are you there? Presence in collaborative distance work
Authors: Bauters Merja , Pejoska Jana , Durall Eva , Saarikivi Katri , Wikström Valtteri , Falcon Mari , Martikainen Silja 
Published: February 2022

Already before the pandemic, digitally mediated collaborative work and communication were perceived as challenging. We investigate the attitudes towards emerging technologies and for transforming practises in workplaces. The focus lies on understanding the readiness for appropriating emotional tracking on presence and support for collaboration. The research-based design framework allowed to combine the various perspectives of the transdisciplinary team. Methods included participatory design, design thinking, contextual inquiry and prototype testing for enhancing presence while working with shared objects in video conferencing to explore the appropriation of tools. The findings revealed four indications: 1) awareness of interlocutors’ presence during synchronous communication is crucial. 2) Emotion and behaviour tracking raises concerns about privacy and personal control over what is displayed to others, and technology could be simpler non-distracting the work at hand. 3) The prototype was found to enhance the feeling of presence without disturbing work at hand, and 4) appropriation requires a step-by-step approach.
Quantitative assessment of multichannel intraluminal impedance pH and its clinical implications
Authors: Koo Eden , Clarke John O. , Yang Boli , Pasricha Pankaj J. , Zhang Nina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe sought to quantify the characteristics of acid reflux episodes in patients with extraesophageal GERD symptoms (EES), hiatal hernia (HH), and erosive esophagitis (EroE) using multichannel intraluminal impedance pH (MII‐pH) and investigate the correlation between impedance parameters and high resolution esophageal manometry (HREM). This was a retrospective analysis of esophageal manometric and impedance data inpatients with typical GERD symptoms who underwent both HREM and 24 h MII‐pH tests. Within the three patient subgroups, we evaluated impedance metrics such as average height of reflux, total duration of reflux, maximum duration of reflux, average pH, and average area of reflux. We also introduce a novel composite reflux index (CRI) metric, which is a measure of reflux height, duration, and acidity. Patients with EES exhibited a 29.3% increase in average height of reflux, compared to non‐EES patients (p < 0.01); the average height of reflux was found to be an independent predictor of EES (p < 0.01). Patients with HH showed a 190% longer total reflux duration (p < 0.01, vs. non‐HH patients). Total reflux duration was twice as long in EroE patients compared to those without (p = 0.02). Average CRI was significantly different within all three subgroup comparisons (p < 0.01). Impedance metrics shared weak negative correlations with lower esophageal sphincter (LES) rest pressure and distal contractile integral (DCI), and weak positive correlations with % absent peristalsis (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01 for various parameters). Quantitative impedance metrics provide useful insight into the pathophysiology of reflux in patients with EES, HH, and EroE.
Los errores en las pruebas de cabecera pueden resultar en falsos niveles de potasio
Authors: Soto Antonio Buño , Sáez Paloma Oliver 
Published: February 2022

ResumenLas pruebas de cabecera (POCT, por sus siglas en inglés) permiten disponer de los resultados en un corto espacio de tiempo, facilitando la toma rápida de decisiones médicas. Sus resultados deben ser fiables, y su calidad no debe verse comprometida durante el proceso. Las gasometrías son una de las pruebas POCT más utilizadas en los servicios de urgencias y cuidados intensivos. Se suele utilizar sangre entera como muestra, debiendo tener en cuenta el riesgo de hemólisis. Sin embargo, los analizadores empleados para las gasometrías POCT no detectan la presencia de hemólisis en la muestra y, debido a las características de la misma, tampoco se puede identificar la hemólisis a simple vista. La hemólisis puede alterar el resultado de parámetros como el potasio, mostrando resultados anormalmente elevados o concentraciones normales, enmascarando niveles que, en realidad, son bajos (hipopotasemia). La hiperpotasemia está asociada a un mayor riesgo de sufrir arritmia potencialmente fatal, y requiere de una actuación médica urgente. La hemólisis es la causa más frecuente de pseudohiperpotasemia (hiperpotasemia espuria) o pseudonormopotasemia, lo que puede llevar a un diagnóstico erróneo y a la consiguiente toma de decisiones clínicas inadecuadas. En el presente artículo, realizamos una revisión completa de los posibles factores que pueden hacer que una prueba POCT informe un resultado falso de concentraciones elevadas de potasio en sangre. Los programas de POCT adecuadamente supervisados y organizados por el laboratorio clínico pueden contribuir a prevenir errores y reducir su impacto en el manejo del paciente.
Management Turnover, Strategic Ambiguity and Supply Incentives
Authors: Pasquier Nicolas , Toquebeuf Pascal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
When a firm appoints a new manager, it reopens the possibility of new contractual friction with its partners. We explore strategic ambiguity as a potential for friction with a supplier. The firm’s new manager probably has fuzzy expectations about the supplier’s strategy. An optimistic manager weights favorable strategies more heavily than detrimental ones, whereas a pessimistic manager does the opposite. We show that the manager’s degree of optimism is critical: above a threshold, it can cause the supplier to change the timing of its contracting and increase its profits. We also find that this threshold degree of optimism depends on the degree of product substitution: it is more stringent with imperfect substitutes than with perfect substitutes or unrelated goods.
EFL students’ voices on digital peer feedback
Authors: Dyah Ayu Aprilianti Berliana , Hidayatulloh Sibakhul Milad Malik 
Published: February 2022

Education and technology have been tailed by some conditions. Some parts in education are technologized including peer feedback activity, but the use of peer feedback combined with e-learning needs to be reviewed in terms of its practical use. The affordance of technology has enabled peer feedback to take place online. Despite the potential benefits that online peer feedback may offer, there is a lack of studies on the topic. Therefore, this paper aims to explore students’ perspectives on the benefits of online peer feedback. This research was done qualitatively. Interview to six students of English Language Education Department was conducted to gain the data. The academic year 2018/2019. In selecting the participants, purposive sampling was applied. The finding of this study revealed that the use of technology particularly in giving peer feedback brought some benefits e.g., increasing students’ autonomy and reviving student’s critical thinking. Besides, the cons of this phenomenon were that students felt the activity ruined their energy to stay focused in front of the screen to give others a review. Some suggestions in the last part of this paper also appeared as the researchers respond to this phenomenon.
Teachers’ conceptions of English assessment in International Baccalaureate Curriculum – Secondary Level
Authors: Maryono Geby Devtiana , Purnawarman Pupung , Sukyadi Didi 
Published: February 2022

Assessment as an essential part of teaching and learning might be perceived differently by teachers, whereas teachers' conception of assessment influences strategies and implementation of assessment. The International Baccalaureate curriculum is one of the international curricula widely used with its own assessment principles and implementation. This research aims to explore how teachers in IB secondary schools perceive English assessment in IB curriculum. By implementing a mixed-method approach, six teachers from five different IB secondary schools and two teachers from one IB secondary school participated in the questionnaire and interview. From the data, this research revealed that teachers perceive English assessment in IB curriculum as a valid and reliable means to improve teaching and learning, school accountability, and student accountability. The teachers also believe IB curriculum objectives have been well embedded in the English assessment process. Although the teachers have a positive perception of the assessment process in IB curriculum, several challenges are found, primarily in giving an authentic and personalized assessment. To solve the challenges, the teachers collaborate and share about the assessment practices they conducted in classes. Further research can be done to explore the perception of English assessment in IB curriculum from the students' point of view.
Emotional or Behavioral Problems in Children Younger Than 5 Years
Authors: Gleason Mary Margaret 
Published: February 2022

Key Points
Symptoms suggesting social-emotional or behavioral problems in children younger than 5 years may occur inThe child (eg, irritability, fearfulness, dysregulation, difficulty adjusting to childcare or preschool)The caregiver (eg, negative attributions about child, unable to offer comfort, disengaged or excessively protective)The relationship between the child and caregiver (eg, lack of social reciprocity or focused attachment)Early identification requires surveillance for environmental risks, strengths, and adversities; formal psychosocial screening of the child and primary caregiver using validated tools; and observations of the child and caregiver(s).Assessment involves differentiating positive findings from normal variations, considering medical and developmental problems that may mimic or co-occur with social-emotional or behavioral disturbances, evaluating the caregiving environment(s), reviewing diagnostic criteria of disorders (DC:0–5; Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood), and, as indicated, referring the child and/or caregiver to an appropriate specialist.Pediatric clinicians can use "common factors" communication techniques to reinforce child and family strengths and reach agreement on achievable steps towardAddressing social adversitiesEncouraging healthy habits and activitiesOvercoming barriers to specialty referral for diagnostic evaluation and evidence-based therapy—recommended for any child/caregiver dyad with impairing symptomsWhile awaiting specialty services, pediatric clinicians can apply common elements of effective therapy: reduce family stress, promote positive parent-child interactions, coach in positive parenting principles, and teach relaxation and anxiety management.
Conversations on Diagnostic Uncertainty and Its Management Among Pediatric Acute Care Physicians
Authors: Patel Shivani J. , Ipsaro Anna , Brady Patrick W. 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE
Diagnosis is a complex, iterative, and nonlinear process, often occurring over time. When presenting signs, symptoms, and diagnostic testing cannot be integrated into a diagnosis, clinicians are confronted with diagnostic uncertainty. Our aim was to study the self-reported cognitive, communication, and management behaviors of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) and pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) physicians regarding diagnostic uncertainty.

METHODS
A qualitative study was conducted through focus groups with PEM and PHM physicians in a large academic pediatric medical center. Four focus groups were conducted. Interviews were recorded, deidentified, and transcribed by a team member. Thematic analysis was used to review the transcripts, highlight ideas, and organize ideas into themes.

RESULTS
Themes were categorized using the model of the diagnostic process from the National Academy of Sciences. “Red flags” and “gut feelings” were prominent during the information, integration, and interpretation phases. To combat diagnostic uncertainty, physicians employed strategies such as “the diagnostic pause” and having a set of “fresh eyes” to review the data. It was important to all clinicians to rule out any “cannot miss” diagnoses. Interphysician communication was direct; communication with patient and families about uncertainty was less direct because of physician concern of being thought of as untrustworthy. Contingency planning, “disposition over diagnosis” by ensuring patient safety, the “test of time,” and availability of resources were techniques used by physicians to manage diagnostic uncertainty.

CONCLUSIONS
Physicians shared common mitigation strategies, which included consulting colleagues and targeting cannot miss diagnoses, but gaps remain regarding communicating diagnostic uncertainty to families.
Perkembangan Gonad Ikan Nilem (Osteochilus hasselti) dengan Penyuntikan Estradiol 17β Dosis Berbeda
Authors: Yuniarti Tristiana , Susilowati Titik , Basuki Fajar , Hastuti Sri , Nugroho Ristiawan Agung , Marfuah Anis 
Published: February 2022

Ikan nilem (Osteochilus hasselti) adalah salah satu ikan endemik yang potensial untuk dikembangkan. Benih ikan nilem pun banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai ikan terapi. Ikan nilem tergolong ikan yang memijah tergantung musim, sehingga perlu adanya teknologi pengelolaan induk untuk meningkatkan perkembangan gonad. Salah satunya adalah dengan manipulasi hormonal melalui pemberian hormon estradiol 17β. Hormon estradiol 17β berperan penting dalam proses vitelogenesis dan perkembangan gonad. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hormon estradiol 17β terhadap perkembangan gonad ikan nilem dan dosis terbaiknya. Hewan uji menggunakan 48 ekor ikan nilem (O. hasselti) dan berat ±100 gram dengan umur 10 bulan yang sudah memasuki TKG III. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Dosis estradiol yang digunakan yaitu A (0 µg/kg), B (100 µg/kg), C (200 µg/kg) dan D (300 µg/kg). Penyuntikan estradiol 17β dilakukan secara berkala pada hari 0, 10 dan 20 dengan dosis sesuai perlakuan. Respon yang diamati meliputi bobot mutlak, panjang mutlak, TKG, IKG, IHS dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyuntikan estradiol 17β dengan dosis berbeda secara berkala memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap bobot mutlak, IKG dan IHS, dan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan panjang mutlak. Perlakuan terbaik adalah perlakuan C dengan dosis estradiol 200 µg/kg yang menghasilkan pertumbuhan bobot mutlak 27,92±2,84 gram, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak 1,46±0,21 cm, IKG 18,34±1,58%, IHS 1,08±0,09% dan TKG IV pada hari ke 30. Kualitas air media selama pemeliharaan yaitu suhu 26,7-28,4˚C, DO 3-4,0 mg/l dan pH 7-8.