bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOWER CAMBRIANRUSOPHYCUSFROM ELLESMERE ISLAND, ARCTIC CANADA: ICHNOFOSSIL OF A PREDATORY, NON-TRILOBITE ARTHROPOD
Authors: PRATT BRIAN R. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTCruziana and Rusophycus are commonly assumed to be trilobite trace fossils, although associated exoskeletons are almost invariably absent from host strata. In the lower Cambrian Dallas Bugt Formation of Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada, high-energy, cross-laminated sandstones locally with dense populations of large Skolithos are overlain by thin-bedded, bioturbated, argillaceous, medium-grained glauconitic sandstones of lagoonal aspect, yielding Rusophycus along with an assortment of other “worm” burrows. Some specimens of Rusophycus are located over small Skolithos shafts and the bottoms of Arenicolites, suggesting a predator-prey relationship. Many preserve the impression of a strongly vaulted carapace with a broad, triangular dorsal outline between 1 cm and 7 cm across. A blunt anterior “prow” projects slightly forward and arches dorsally, forming a keyhole-shaped notch. The arthropod dug into the sediment up to 5 cm deep with an antero-posterior angle of up to ∼ 45° from the sea floor; in some cases it dug obliquely laterally and rarely sideways. Retroverse scratches—preserved in hyporelief as sharp-crested ridges—suggest about 20 pairs of endopodites tipped by a pair of small claws typically dug in unison, the anterior ones starting with a V-angle of 140° and decreasing posteriorly to 90°, in rare cases more tightly. Limb length increased posteriorly, although none extended beyond the carapace. Leg muscles were strong enough to rake through the muddy sand and pull inwards either straight or in a slightly forward-curving arc, but were also slightly flexible to wiggle around obstacles. Some specimens show subsequent re-burrowing which produced cross-cutting and opposed scratches. No evidence for exopodite brushings is present. Successive carapace imprints and scratches organized in transverse rugae in some specimens suggest repeatedly plunging and digging as the arthropod pulled backward in the sediment. This was likely aided by a stout trunk and a fan-shaped uropod-like structure flanking the telson which increased grip and leverage. A pair of eye stalks may have projected from the anterior notch, and these could have been retracted during digging, but there is no evidence for antennae. The tracemaker was not a trilobite but an unrelated crustacean-like arthropod, although there is no known late early Cambrian body fossil to which it can be ascribed. The specimens are classified as Rusophycus jenningsi (Fenton and Fenton, 1937) and a neotype is selected for this ichnospecies from the Gog Group near where it was first collected. Its range extends from the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains north along depositional strike to Victoria Island and northwest to Ellesmere Island and northern Greenland. Two new ichnofamilies are established: Rusophycidae and Cruzianidae.
Association of serotonin gene (5-HTTLPR &amp; 5-HTTVNTR) polymorphism with Fibromyalgia Syndrome in North Indian Women
Authors: Parvez Sidrah , Fatima Ghizal , Khan Mohammad M. , Mahdi Farzana , Fedacko Jan , Hadi Najah R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Several psychiatric disorders have been found associated with serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between serotonin gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR & 5-HTTVNTR) in North Indian Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS).
Results
105 FMS patients and 105 controls were enrolled in the study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to analyse the 5-HTTLPR & 5-HTTVNTR gene polymorphism. The psychopathology status of the 105 FMS patients and 105 healthy controls was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised questionnaires (SCL-90-R). Patients with psychiatric symptoms were excluded from the study. No significant differences were found in 5-HTTVNTR genotypes; 10/10 (OR 0.74, P = 1.000), 10/12 (OR 0.72, P = 0.4691) and 12/12 (OR 0.92, P = 0.3697) or 5-HTTLPR genotypes; L/L (OR 0.59, P = 0.7212), S/L (OR 1.10, P = 0.6700) and S/S (OR 0.92, P = 0.8890) between patients and controls.
Conclusion
Hence, we conclude that serotonin gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR & 5-HTTVNTR) is not associated with FMS in north Indian women.
Evolution of the entanglement, photon statistics and local quantum Fisher information of a single qubit parity deformed JC-Model
Authors: Abdel-Khalek S. , Khalil E.M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper we use the atomic version of the quantum Fisher information to estimate the quantum state of the parity deformed JC-Model (PDJCM) that describing the interaction between a SQ (single qubit) and deformed field has a state like Wigner negative binomial distribution. The nonclassical properties of the field is identified by the evolution of the second-order correlation function. The von Neumann entropy is provided for the nonlocal correlation between the SQ and linear (parity deformed) field. Also, the SQQFI (single qubit quantum Fisher information) or the local QFI, within phase shift estimator is obtained and compared with the von Neumann entropy during the interaction time. We examine the effect of the -deformation parameter and time dependent coupling or qubit speed on the dynamical behavior of the proposed quantities. The results verified that the dynamical behavior of the proposed quantities can be controlled by the qubit speed and -deformation parameter and time dependent coupling or qubit speed parameters.
Associations between dietary patterns and an array of inflammation biomarkers and plasma lipid profile in postmenopausal women
Authors: Ilesanmi-Oyelere Bolaji L. , Kruger Marlena C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective and design: In this study, evaluation of the association of four dietary patterns with an array of biomarkers of systemic inflammation and lipid profile among 80 New Zealand postmenopausal women were conducted. Materials: Four dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and plasma samples collected for inflammatory biomarkers and lipid profile measures. Results: There were negative correlations between intake of dietary fibre, soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), vitamin C and niacin and with almost all the inflammatory markers. Vegetables, tea/coffee and especially fruits were negatively correlated with the inflammatory biomarkers. High intake of Pattern 1 (potato, bread, and fruit pattern) was associated with a low risk of high IFN-α2, IFN-λ, IL-6 and IL-8 levels while a high intake of Pattern 3 (fast-food pattern) was associated high risk of IFN-α2 levels. Multiple linear regression showed a negative correlation between Pattern 2 (soups and vegetables pattern) and levels of CRP as well as ferritin. Positive association was observed between Pattern 3 (fast-food pattern) and CRP levels. Positive correlation was also observed between Pattern 2 and HDL and total cholesterol (TC) levels, Pattern 4 (meat and vegetables pattern) was however negatively correlated with TC, LDL and TC/HDL ratio. Conclusions: The result of this study reinforces the contribution and role of diet in modifying inflammation in postmenopausal women.
Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau in canine immune-mediated meningoencephalitis
Authors: Son Mingyun , Chae Yeon , Kim Sanggu , Yun Taesik , Koo Yoonhoi , Lee Dohee , Kim Hakhyun , Yang Mhan-Pyo , Kang Byeong-Teck , Kim Soochong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein involved in the assembly and stabilization of microtubules. In human medicine, hyperphosphorylation of tau is associated with microtubule instability and is considered to play a role in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is an autoimmune neurological disease that shares many characteristics, including pathological mechanisms, with canine meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE). With this background, this study investigated the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau in dogs with MUE and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
Methods
Totally, eight brain samples of the dogs were examined that included two neurological normal dogs, three dogs with MUE, and three canine EAE models. Anti-tau (phospho-S396) antibody was used for immunohistochemistry (IHC), which stained hyperphosphorylated tau.
Results
In normal brain tissues, the expression of hyperphosphorylated tau was not identified. In all the dogs with EAE and one of the dogs with MUE, immunoreactivity for S396 + p-tau was observed in the glial cell cytoplasm and background in the periphery of the inflammatory lesion.
Conclusion
These results suggest for the first time that tau pathology may be involved in the progression of neuroinflammation in dogs, similar to human MS.
A study on the comprehensive utilization of water resources from the perspective of water footprint and water ecological footprint: A case study of Anyang City, China
Authors: Ma Xiaolei , Jiao Shixing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Agriculture is the largest freshwater consumer, accounting for nearly 70% of global freshwater consumption. The agricultural water footprint and water resources ecological footprint which is used to describe the ecological environment and socioeconomic functions of water resources are two complementary indicators of water resources use in relation to human consumption. Anyang, a typical shortage area of fresh water resources in the North China Plain, was selected as a study area to estimate water consumption of agriculture. In this work, we estimate the temporal and spatial variation of green, blue and grey water footprint of five crops in Anyang during 1990–2018 based on the water footprint (WF) theory, water resources ecological footprint (EFw) and water resources carrying capacity (ECw) methods. To analyze the EFw of specific crops, the paper develops the framework between agricultural WF and EFw, and quantifies the EFw of specific crops. The results show that the WFgreen, WFblue and WFgrey of Anyang all increased from 1188, 1560 and 511 million m³ in 1990 to 1440, 1736 and 1010 million m³ in 2018, respectively, which is mainly resulted from the increase of cultivated area and agricultural nitrogen amount. Winter wheat and maize were the two leading crops in both green and blue water consumption, taking 31.35%, 55.25% of the total WFgreen and 71.32%, 22.52% of total WFblue, respectively. The average unit mass WFgreen and WFblue of crops show a reduction trend in the period between 1990 and 2018 because of the urbanization of farmland and the increase of crop yields. Both water ecological carrying capacity (ECw) per capital and the water ecological deficit (EDw) per capital of Anyang decreased. Anyang has been in a state of water ecological deficit since 2000. The results imply that Anyang imports a large number of water resources from other areas for its consumption since 2000. This study is expected to contribute to agricultural water management by providing suitable information to policy-makers. Also, the results indicate that it is urgent to make strict water resources management measures and water pollution prevention to improve the water use efficiency in Anyang in order to ease pressure on water scarcity.
Comparative transcriptional analysis and identification of hub genes associated with wing differentiation of male in Aphis gossypii
Authors: Huangfu Ningbo , Shi Qingyu , Chen Lulu , Ma Xiaoyan , Zhang Kaixin , Li Dongyang , Wang Li , Zhu Xiangzhen , Ji Jichao , Luo Junyu , Cui Jinjie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a worldwide polyphagous phloem-feeding agricultural pest, has three wing morphs (winged parthenogenetic female, gynopara and male) in the life cycle, in which the exclusive males could fly from second hosts to winter hosts and are essential for gene exchange of cotton aphid populations from different host or regions. However, the molecular mechanism of wing differentiation of male in A. gossypii remains unclear.
Results
Morphological observation of male A. gossypii showed that no distinct differences existed in the external morphologies of the 1st and 2nd instar nymphs, while the obvious differentiation of wing buds started in 3rd instar nymphs and were visible via naked eyes in 4th instar nymphal stage, then adult male emerged with fully wings. According to morphological dynamic changes, the development of wings in males were divided into four stages: preliminary stage (1st instar to 2nd instar), prophase (3rd instar), metaphase (4th instar), anaphase (5th instar). Results of feeding behavior monitoring via EPG (electrical penetration graph) technology indicated that although the male cotton aphids had strong desire to feed (longer duration of C 55.24%, F 5.05% and Pd waves 2.56%), its feeding efficiency to summer host cotton was low (shorter E1 3.56% and E2 waves 2.63%). Dynamic transcriptome analysis of male aphid at 5 different developmental periods found that in 3rd instar nymphs, the number of up-regulated DEGs were significant increased, and time-course gene transcriptional pattern analyses results also showed numerous genes categorized in clusters 3, 5, and 8 had the highest expressed level, which were consistent with morphological changes of wing buds. These results indicate that the 3rd instar nymphs are the critical stage of wing bud differentiation in males. Further, pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs and WGCNA analysis revealed that the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Ras signaling pathway, dopaminergic synapse, circadian entrainment and corresponding the candidate hub genes PLK1, BUB1, SMC2, TUBG, ASPM, the kinesin family members (KIF23, KIF20, KIF18-19) and the novel subfamily of serine/threonine (Aurora kinase A and Aurora kinase B) probably played important roles in the critical stage of wing bud differentiation.
Conclusion
This study explored changes of the morphological and transcriptional level from the 1st instar nymphs to adults of male cotton aphid, revealed the phenomenon of low feeding efficiency of winged male cotton aphid on secondary hosts, and identified key signaling pathways and potential hub genes potentially involved in wing bud differentiation of male in A. gossypii.
Lightweight Assimilation of Open Urban Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data and Numerical Simulations with Unknown Uncertainty
Authors: Miasayedava Lizaveta , Tuhtan Jeffrey A. , Kaugerand Jaanus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The consistent and accurate monitoring and modeling of urban ambient air quality are essential to reduce risks to public health. The growing number of open data sources now allow for data assimilation algorithms to improve air quality monitoring, including uncertainty estimates. The robust assimilation of model data with observations for urban ambient air quality monitoring requires the estimation of uncertainty to cope with unknown events and changing environmental conditions. However, uncertainty estimates from open access model simulations and observations are frequently unavailable. To address this gap, we propose a lightweight framework for ambient air quality data assimilation suitable for low-powered embedded hardware used by the Internet of Things. The proposed framework includes computationally efficient assimilation algorithms for the data-driven estimation of unknown uncertainty. The algorithms are compared and validated to assimilate open-access urban ambient air pollution observations and global numerical model simulations from the System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric composition (SILAM). This work is significant because it offers a computationally lightweight approach to sequentially assimilate open time series data without prior uncertainty estimates.
Nonlinear Robust Control for the Mechanical Leg of Lunar-Based
Authors: Chen Zheng-Han , Xu Zhao-Dong , Lu Hong-Fang , Yu Deng-Yun , Yang Jian-Zhong , Pan Bo , Zhao Xue-Liang , Hu Zhong-Wei , Ge Teng , Zhu Chen , Zhen Sheng-Chao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The research on the movement of lunar-based equipment is an essential subject in lunar exploration. The uncertainties of the complex lunar surface environment affect the steady movement of lunar-based equipment. In this paper, a novel nonlinear robust control strategy, namely model-based p-sectionalized control strategy (MPS control), is proposed for the mechanical legs of lunar-based equipment to maintain stability. The novel controller is designed based on the nonlinear dynamic model of the mechanical leg and the controller is proved theoretically based on Lyapunov stability theory. The numerical simulation and the real-time experiment are carried out and traditional controllers are introduced in the comparison. The results of both the simulation and the experiment verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Hydroclimate changes in Antarctica during 1900-2014
Authors: Silva Natália , Wainer Ilana , Pezzi Luciano P , de Souza Ronald Buss 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The hydroclimate of southern high latitudes impacts the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) and, by consequence, the global climate. In the AIS, precipitation (PPT) is directly related to the surface mass balance, and it has increased over the past centuries as a response to global warming. In particular, this upward PPT trend accelerated in the late 20th Century, when anthropic activity became as relevant as natural agents in forcing the climate. Using data from 23 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models and seven reanalyses, we described PPT changes Antarctica considering the periods before (1900–1979) and after (1980–2014) the year 1980. In the region south of 60o S, the reanalyses ensemble mean indicated that the PPT trends increased 60%, from 8.2 x 10− 3 to 1.3 x 10− 2 mm day− 1 decade− 1, when comparing the previous period (1900–1979, “before 1980”) with the contemporary (1980–2014, “after 1980”); The multi-model mean captured a sevenfold acceleration in PPT trends from the “before 1980” to the “after 1980” period (from 2.1 x 10− 3 to 1.5 x 10− 2 mm day− 1 decade− 1). However, PPT changes were spatially heterogeneous in the study area. While a general increase occurred south of 60° S, the western West AIS and the Ross Sea regions became dryer. We also analyzed the Southern Ocean's sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation, two principal modulators of the Antarctic PPT. We found that PPT in Antarctica throughout 1900–2014 was primarily determined by changes in the atmospheric circulation rather than variations in the Southern Ocean's SST.
Synthesis of BiVO4 and Au/BiVO4 nanocomposites to achieve the visible-light-driven photocatalytic reduction of Cr+6 in pure and tap water – Optimization of the reaction conditions
Authors: Durán-Álvarez Juan C. , Karathuparathottathil Drisya , García-Tablas Rodrigo , Lartundo-Rojas Luis , Solís-López Myriam , Zanella Rodolfo , Subramaniam Velumani 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis is used to mineralize organic pollutants and inactivate pathogens in water, whereas the removal of heavy metals is less explored. In this work, BiVO4 was synthesized through the hydrothermal route to achieve the photocatalytic reduction of Cr+6 in water. Monoclinic BiVO4 displayed high crystallinity and a fern-leaf-like form; specific surface area and bandgap energy were determined as 5.68 m2 g-1 and 2.49 eV, respectively. Surface plasmon resonance was identified in the Au/BiVO4 nanocomposites, while the specific surface was reduced to 3.16 m2 g-1 after the deposition of gold nanoparticles. Different sacrificial agents were tested to boost the photocatalytic performance of BiVO4, including methanol, ethanol, formic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, and KI, finding the best results with 0.01 M formic acid. The optimal photocatalyst dosage was 1.5 g L-1, achieving the complete photoreduction of Cr+6 after 90 min of visible light irradiation. No improvement in the photocatalytic activity was observed when metallic gold nanoparticles were deposited on BiVO4 nanocomposites, more likely due to the reduced specific surface area. Chromium was precipitated on the BiVO4 surface as Cr+3, Cr+4 and Cr+5 oxidized species. The catalyst displayed high stability across three consecutive reaction cycles, and good performance was observed in tap water, with the complete photoreduction of Cr+6 upon 2 h of visible light irradiation. Purging dissolved O2 from the water was an essential factor to achieve the highest photocatalytic performance.
Deep structured learning realizes variant prioritization for Mendelian diseases
Authors: Danzi Matt , Dohrn Maike , Fazal Sarah , Beijer Danique , Rebelo Adriana , Cintra Vivian , Züchner Stephan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Effective computer-aided or automated variant evaluations for monogenic diseases will expedite clinical diagnostic and research efforts of known and novel disease-causing genes. Here we introduce MAVERICK: a Mendelian Approach to Variant Effect pRedICtion built in Keras. MAVERICK is an ensemble of transformer-based neural networks that can classify a wide range of protein-altering SNVs and indels and assesses whether a variant would be pathogenic in the context of dominant or recessive inheritance. We demonstrate that MAVERICK outperforms all other major programs that assess pathogenicity in a Mendelian context. In a cohort of 644 previously solved patients with Mendelian diseases, MAVERICK ranks the causative pathogenic variant within the top five variants in over 95% of cases. Seventy-six percent of cases were resolved outright. MAVERICK particularly excels at identifying pathogenic variants in novel disease genes: it ranks the true causal variant in hitherto novel disease genes within the first five candidate variants in 70% of cases. MAVERICK has recently facilitated the identification of three novel disease genes. These results represent a significant step towards automated identification of causal variants in patients with Mendelian diseases.