bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of cervical encerclage and its perinatal outcome-A cohort study
Authors: Madhu Indu M , Kattukaran Anoj , Thomas Susan 
Published: May 2022

Cervical incompetence is the inability of cervix to support a full term pregnancy. The patient presents with a partially dilated cervix, with or without a history of recurrent mid trimester losses or preterm births. It is believed thatthe forced mechanical closure of an ‘incompetent’ cervix with a suture maintains the cervical length, thus preventing preterm labor.To evaluate effectiveness of cervical encerclage in women with cervical incompetence and its perinatal outcomes.This ambispective cohort study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur. Medical records were reviewed during the period of 2008-201. 79 cases were included in this study.Clinical data, gestational age, cervical dilatation at the time of cerclage, cerclage-delivery interval, gestational age at the time of delivery, birth weight and maternal complications, were collected.Mean gestational age at the time of cerclage is 18.686 ±4.0200 weeks. Mean cerclage - delivery interval is18.510 ±6.3026 weeks. Cerclage delivery interval in prophylactic cases is 20.13 ±3.79 weeks and in rescue cerclages it is 9.487± 2.73 weeks. Prophylactic cerclage is more effective than rescue cerclages (p=0.0002). Mean gestational age at delivery is 36.666 ±5.3354 weeks. 23cases (29%) had low birth weight babies (&#60;2500 gm). No maternal complications were noted in the study. 12 cases(14%) showed preterm complications. 8cases (10%) resulted in fetal demise.Based on this study we conclude that cerclage is beneficial in prolonging pregnancy with a consequent reduction of fetal losses and neonatal deaths.
American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery’s Initiatives Toward Competency-Based Education
Authors: Van Heest Ann E. , Armstrong April D. , Bednar Michael S. , Carpenter James E. , Garvin Kevin L. , Harrast John J. , Martin David F. , Murray Peter M. , Peabody Terrance D. , Saltzman Charles L. , Saniei Mona , Taitsman Lisa A. , Marsh J. Lawrence 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) is the national organization charged with defining education standards for graduate medical education in orthopaedic surgery. The purpose of this article is to describe initiatives taken by the ABOS to develop assessments of competency of residents to document their progress toward the independent practice of orthopaedic surgery and provide feedback for improved performance during training. These initiatives are called the ABOS Knowledge, Skills, and Behavior Program. Web-based assessment tools have been developed and validated to measure competence. These assessments guide resident progress through residency education and better define the competency level by the end of training. The background and rationale for these initiatives and how they serve as steps toward competency-based education in orthopaedic residency education in the United States will be reviewed with a vision of a hybrid of time and competency-based orthopaedic residency education that will remain 5 years in length, with residents assessed using standardized tools.
Beyond the COVID-19 Vaccine: The “Epidemic” of Violence in Ghana and Strategies to Keep Women and Children Safe from Gender-Based Violence
Authors: Nyaaba Albert Apotele , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Ayamga Matthew 
Published: May 2022

Although the tides of the Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are turning in some parts of the world, the pandemic has exacerbated abusive behavior towards women and children. In Ghana, West Africa, women and children stand a greater chance of experiencing aggravated levels of violence due to cultural considerations. In this commentary, we searched for papers using the keywords “(COVID-19) AND (violence) AND (women and children)” with refining limited to 01-01-2020 to 31-12-2020 on PubMed, Google Scholar, and other websites. A total of 17 and 20 papers from PubMed and other sources, respectively, were included. We found that violence against women and children has worsened in Ghana during the COVID-19 period. The findings call for the need to enhance or build women’s capacity to identify violence, enhance their exposure to available avenues of assistance, and resist the impunity of culprits. Also, the government should strengthen and adequately provide resources for human rights organizations mandated to protect the rights of women and children.

Copyright © 2022 Nyaaba et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Metallogeny of Endogenous Gold in Tuva
Authors: Gaskov I.V. , Prudnikov S.G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
—Analysis shows that the occurrences of ore gold of different mineragenic types and ages widespread in the Republic of Tyva are related to the intricate and long geologic history of this region. The Tyva region is of polycyclic development; in the period from the Precambrian to the Cenozoic, there were stages of subduction, accretion–collision, and rifting processes accompanied by volcanism of different types and a wide manifestation of granitoid magmatism. Gold metallogeny was discretely developed throughout the geologic history of the region and was most widely manifested at the island arc stage (570–510 Ma), in connection with the formation of gold-bearing pyrite–polymetallic deposits. The late Cambrian–Ordovician period of granitoid magmatism was also productive for gold mineralization: It was marked by the formation of porphyry Au–Cu–Mo and gold deposits and gold–skarn, gold–quartz, and gold–beresite ore occurrences. Several gold-bearing clusters confined to different structure-formational zones are distinguished in the Tuva area. By now, commercial gold contents have been established in the Tardan gold deposit with Au reserves of 7371.8 kg, in the gold-bearing Kyzyl-Tashtyg pyrite–polymetallic deposit with estimated gold reserves of 15.08 tons and silver reserves of ~700 tons, and in the gold-bearing Ak-Sug porphyry Cu–Mo deposit with C2 gold reserves of 83 tons and silver reserves of 368 tons. In the course of prospecting and revision performed at many gold ore clusters in recent years, additional information about the high endogenous-gold potential of the Republic of Tyva has been obtained. There are a number of objects promising for commercial reserves of endogenous gold, such as the Kara-Bel’dir gold ore cluster with C1 and C2 gold reserves of 22.8 tons, the Aldan–Maadyr gold ore cluster with predicted P2 gold resources of 38 tons and Р3 gold resources of 80 tons, the Eilig-Khem ore cluster with predicted P3 gold resources of 36 tons, the Kyzyk-Chadr ore cluster with predicted Р1 + Р2 gold resources of 39.7 tons and silver resources of 198 tons in the Kyzyk-Chadr deposit, and the East Tannu-Ola ore district with gold resources of 68.3 tons. Thus, the intricate geologic development of the Tyva area and various geologic events, including large-scale magmatic processes, led to the formation of both gold and gold-bearing deposits and ore occurrences, which give reason to anticipate revealing of large commercial reserves of endogenous gold and the development of gold mining industry in the republic.
Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Linear Programming Problem with Vagueness in the Resources Vector
Authors: Sargolzaei Shokouh , Nehi Hassan Mishmast 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Most of the data in the real world are uncertain and imprecise. One of the methods used for modeling inaccurate concepts is to use fuzzy sets. An extension of fuzzy sets is type-2 fuzzy sets with membership degrees of the type of fuzzy sets. The interval type-2 fuzzy sets are a specific case of type-2 fuzzy sets that are less complex and easier to understand. Several states can be considered based on the position of ambiguity in a fuzzy linear programming problem. In this article, we study the interval type-2 fuzzy linear programming problem with a resource vector that has the imprecision of the vagueness type. These kinds of vagueness are expressed via membership functions. At first, we will review the available methods. Then we present three new methods and finally examine the efficiency of our methods by presenting several examples. Furthermore, the results of our methods will be compared with those of the reviewed methods. Also, we compare our methods with each other.Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 90C70
Different Clinical Characteristics of Current Smokers and Former Smokers with Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adult Asthma Patients in China
Authors: Chen Zhifeng , Wasti Binaya , Shang Yulin , Ouyang Ruoyun , Yuan Yu , He Yi , Duan Wentao , Jia Jingsi , Xiao Bing , Zhang Dongshan , Liu Shaokun , Song Qing , Zeng Yuqin , Zeng Qingping , Zhang Xiufeng , Li Jianmin , Ji Xiaoying , Chen Ping , Ma Libing , Xiang Xudong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveSmoking is a trigger for asthma, which has led to an increase in asthma incidence in China. In smokers, asthma management starts with smoking cessation. Data on predictors of smoking cessation in Chinese patients with asthma are scarce. The objective of this study was to find the differences in clinical characteristics between current smokers and former smokers with asthma in order to identify factors associated with smoking cessation.Patients and MethodsEligible adults with diagnosed asthma from the hospital outpatient clinics (n = 2312) were enrolled and underwent a clinical evaluation, asthma control test (ACT), and pulmonary function test. Information on demographic and sociological data, lung function, laboratory tests, ACT and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) scores was recorded. Patients were divided into a current smokers group and a former smokers group based on whether they had quit smoking. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with smoking cessation.ResultsOf all patients with asthma, 34.6% were smokers and 65.4% were former smokers, and the mean age was 54.5 ± 11.5 years. Compared with current smokers, the former smokers were older, had more pack-years, had smoked for longer, had heavier dyspnea and had worse asthma control. The logistic regression model showed that smoking cessation was positively correlated with age, female sex, pack-years, years of smoking, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, but was negatively correlated with ACT, or widowed status, and body mass index (BMI). ConclusionsMore than 30% of asthma patients in the study were still smoking. Among those who quit smoking, many quit late, often not realizing they need to quit until they have significant breathing difficulties. The predictors of smoking cessation identified in this study indicate that there are still differences between continuing smokers and former smokers, and these predictors should be focused on in asthma smoking cessation interventions to improve the prognosis of patients with asthma.
Integration of locating baseline-free nonlinear elements and identifying model-free nonlinear restoring forces in structures
Authors: Lei Ying , Yang Xiongjun , Mi Jianan , Liu Lijun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Structural local nonlinearity often occurs when a structure is subject to strong excitation. Therefore, the identification of structural nonlinearity localizations and the characteristics of nonlinear restoring forces is of great significance in ensuring structural safety and reliability. Among the existing nonlinearity identification methods, locating structural nonlinear elements under seismic excitations is still a challenging problem and identifying model-free nonlinear restoring forces require prior knowledge of nonlinearity position. To overcome these limitations, a novel two-step nonlinearity localization and identification algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, by considering the wavelet energy distribution in the nonlinear element become different from those of other linear elements, relative wavelet entropy which is able to quantify the difference or similarity between two wavelet energy distributions is employed to localize structural nonlinear elements based on the sparsity of structural nonlinearity. In the localization process, structural response data of the baseline linear structure are not required. Then, nonlinear restoring forces from nonlinear elements are regarded as ‘unknown virtual forces’ to the underlying linear structure. The generalized Kalman filter with unknown input, which was recently proposed by authors, is used to identify the ‘unknown virtual forces’ and reconstruct the characteristics of nonlinear restoring forces without the models of nonlinear restoring forces. The proposed method is verified by numerical simulations of different types of nonlinear elements in different structures. Furthermore, it is tested by locating the MR damper and identifying its model-free nonlinear restoring forces in a lab four-story shear-type frame.
A novel cuprotosis-related lncRNA signature effectively predicts prognosis in glioma patients
Authors: Wu Shuaishuai , Ballah Augustine K. , Che Wenqiang , Wang Xiangyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cuprotosis is a novel and different cell death mechanism from the existing known ones that can be used to explore new approaches to treating cancer. Just like ferroptosis and pyroptosis, cuprotosis-related genes regulate various types of tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. However, the relationship between cuprotosis related long non-coding RNA (cuprotosis-related lncRNA) in glioma development and prognosis has not been investigated. We obtained relevant data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and published articles. First, we identified 365 cuprotosis-related lncRNAs based on 10 cuprotosis-related differential genes (|R2|>0.4, p < 0.001). Then using lasso and Cox regression analysis methods, 12 prognostic cuprotosis-related lncRNAs were obtained and constructed the CuLncSigi risk score formula. Our next step was to divide the tumor gliomas into two groups (high-risk and low-risk) based on the median risk score, and we found that patients in the high-risk group had a significantly worse prognosis. We used internal and external validation methods to simultaneously analyze and validate that the risk score model has good predictive power for patients with glioma. Next, we also performed enrichment analyses such as GSEA and aaGSEA and evaluated the relationship between immune-related drugs and tumor treatment. In conclusion, we successfully constructed a formula of cuprotosis-related lncRNAs with a powerful predictive function. More importantly, our study paves the way for exploring cuprotosis mechanisms in glioma occurrence and development, and helps to find new relevant biomarkers for glioma early identification and diagnosis and to investigate new therapeutic approaches.
Multitrack and multianchor point screw technique combined with the Wiltse approach for lesion debridement in the treatment of lumbar tuberculosis
Authors: Yuan Yu-fei , Ren Zhi-xin , Li Yan-bao , Zhang Cun , Li Guan-jun , Liu Bing-zhi , Li Xiao-dong , Li Jian-fei , Miao Jie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Backgroud: To study the safety and efficacy of the multitrack and anchor point screw technique combined with the Wiltse approach for lesion debridement in the treatment of lumbar tuberculosis. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 13 patients with lumbar spinal tuberculosis in our department from October 2014 to January 2021 who underwent unilateral multitrack multianchor screw fixation combined with contralateral Wiltse approach lesion debridement. Preoperative and final follow-up C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), preoperative, 3 months after operation, final follow-up low back pain visual analogue scale (VAS), and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used for statistical analysis. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grades were recorded before surgery, 3 months after surgery, and at the final follow-up for all patients to evaluate the clinical effect of the surgery. Results: The average age of the 13 patients was 60.15±10.31 years old, the average operation time was 150.92±37.32 minutes, and the average blood loss was 415.39±151.91 mL; CRP (3.05±1.82 mg/L) and ESR (5.57±3.70 mm/h) returned to normal, and the difference was statistically significant compared with those before the operation (P<0.01). The VAS score for low back pain in all patients was significantly decreased. The VAS scores for low back pain were 2.23±0.73 and 0.54±0.66 at 3 months after the operation and at the last follow-up, respectively, compared with 7.54±0.97 before the operation, and the difference was statistically significant. (P<0.01). The average preoperative ODI score was 80.31%±3.35% and decreased to 29.08%±1.94% and 19.54%±2.18% at 3 months after the operation and at the last follow-up, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. (P<0.01). The symptoms of all patients with neurological dysfunction were relieved, and the ASIA grade increased by 1-2 grades at the last follow-up. The mean follow-up time for all patients was 18.23±4.69 months, and the mean bone fusion time was 8.85±2.51 months. There were no internal fixation-related complications, no tuberculosis sinus formation, and no recurrence of lumbar tuberculosis. Two patients were cured of postoperative pneumonia by antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: The multitrack multianchor point screw fixation technique combined with contralateral Wiltse approach debridement is an effective and safe method for the treatment of lumbar tuberculosis.
Hyperaccumulation of lead using Agrostis tenuis
Authors: Anguilano Lorna , Onwukwe Uchechukwu , Dekhli Aghis , Venditti Susanna , Aryani Danny , Reynolds Alan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In recent years the quest for a circular economy approach and the upcycling of secondary raw materials have been pushed in the global political agenda. Increased interest has been taken by the recovery of materials from sludges, brines, contaminated waters and other media, such as “mining” of waste. Contaminated soils have an interesting role in this process, and various methodologies have been developed using chemical, bacteriological and pyrometallurgical cleaning procedures. However, these procedures all involve the movement of high volume of materials and the disruption of the industrial landscape; furthermore, they often require the use of hazardous solvents and high energy processes. This work proposes to identify less impactful methods aimed at the recovery of metals from mining areas while preserving the landscape and avoiding environmental impacts such as the increase of CO2 for transport and increase hazard through use of solvents, this takes particular importance in areas of industrial heritage status. In particular, this work focuses on the use of Agrostis tenuis, an autochthonous species in mining areas of the UK, as a “mining tool” for the removal of lead. The selection of both the hyperaccumulator and the metal in this study are derived from the evaluation of the most common contamination in mining areas and the widespread prevalence of this hyperaccumulator and its resilience in highly contaminated abandoned mines. Aside from its presence within the mining areas, making it an autochthonous plant, Agrostis tenuis is selected for its visual morphology. Being a short grass, Agrostis does not change the visual appearance of the mining sites, most of which in the UK have a historic landscape status.
The prognostic significance of nomogram-based pretreatment inflammatory indicators in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving intensity- modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Xu Zhiyang , Ke Hongqian , Zheng Binglin , Lin Chuyan , Zhang Yiping , Wang Liyan , Lin Yu , Ye Yuling , Cai Lifang , You Mengxing , Chen Junqiang , Xu Yuanji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Currently, there is no objective prognostic index for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The current study aimed to develop a nomogram based on hematologic inflammatory indices for prognostic prediction and risk-stratification of patients with ECSS treated by IMRT.Methods: 434 patients with treatment-naïve ESCC in Fujian Cancer Hospital between January 2012 and December 2016 were defined as the training cohort. In addition, 147 newly-diagnosed ESCC patients between January 2008 and December 2011 were used as the validation cohort. Independent predictors of overall survival (OS) identified by multivariate survival analysis were employed to establish a nomogram model. The predictive ability was evaluated by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess the clinical benefits of the nomogram model. The entire series was divided into three risk subgroups stratified by the total nomogram scores.Results: On multivariate analyses, cTNM, primary gross tumor volume (GTVp), chemotherapy (CT), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were independent predictors of OS. Nomogram was developed incorporating these factors. The C-index for 5-year OS (0.627 and 0.629) and the AUC value of 5-year OS (0.706 and 0.719) in the training and validation cohorts (respectively) were superior to the 8th AJCC staging. Furthermore, the nomogram model presented higher NRI and IDI than the 8th AJCC staging (P=0.001; P=0.001, respectively). DCA showed greater clinical benefit of the nomogram model compared to 8th AJCC staging. Finally, according to the total nomogram score, patients with <84.8, 84.8–151.4, and >151.4 points were categorized into low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups. Their 5-year OS rates were 44.0%, 23.6% and 8.9%, respectively. The C index was 0.625, which was higher than the 8th AJCC staging.Conclusions: We developed a nomogram model for risk-stratification of ESCC patients receiving definitive IMRT. Our findings may provide a reference for individualized treatment.
A Linear Di-coordinate Boron Radical Cation
Authors: Lin Yu-Jiang , Liu Wei-Chun , Liu Yi-Hung , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Chien Su-Ying , Chiu Ching-Wen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The pursuit of di-coordinate boron radical has been continued for more than a half century with no irrefutable experimental evidence. Through stabilizing the two reactive atomic orbitals of the central boron atom by two orthogonal p-donating and p-accepting functionalities, a linear di-coordinate boron radical cation [3][B(C6F5)4] is isolated and structurally characterized. The electron deficient radical cation undergoes facile one-electron reduction to borylene and binds Lewis base to give heteroleptic tri-coordinate boron radical cation. The co-existence of half-filled and empty p orbitals at boron also allows the CO-regulated electron transfer to be explored. As the introduction of CO promotes the electron transfer from tri-coordinate neutral boron radical (2•) to boron radical cation ([8]+•), the removal of CO under vacuum furnishes the reverse electron transfer from borylene (4) to [1]+ to yield a solution consisting of two boron radicals, 2• and [3]+•.