bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Language Assessment Through the Lens of New Materialism
Authors: Huhta Ari , Boivin Nettie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we analyze English tests that are part of two computerised assessment systems, the Finnish Matriculation Examination and the Danish National Tests. Language assessment is a fruitful field to explore from the perspective of materiality, to better understand what materialities exist in modern language tests and how students interact with such systems. Within the assessment and test-taking space, material objects exist that are imbued with political values and force test-takers to perform in specific ways. We explore what new materialism has to offer for interpreting current trends in language assessment and to what extent these perspectives allow for new insights to emerge. We describe the changes in language assessment concerning material developments and focus on the aspects of computerization that pertain to formal tests and examinations. Computerization has increased human-computer interaction during the assessment process, as well as automated analysis and scoring of test-takers’ responses. This implies that the computerized system assumes some degree of agency.
The Ideal Learner as Envisioned by Can Do Statements and Grammar Revisions: How Textbook Agency Is Constructed
Authors: Saarinen Taina , Huhta Ari 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we analyse the features of textbooks that enable and facilitate their role as material agents in the classroom. Rather than analyse the ways textbooks are used in interaction with humans, we analyse the elements in the textbook itself that facilitate intra-action and the ensuing material agency. Based on a discursive analysis of self-assessment in one textbook and discussing that construct against the Finnish national core curriculum and previous research, we present an ‘ideal imaginary’ of classroom activities as construed in the textbook. This helps us understand the textbooks in their pedagogical ergonomics; i.e. as socio-material in the classroom. We conclude by discussing the ideological nature of the textbooks not only as describing, but materially constructing a learner agency that understands learning both as constructivist and behaviourist. This merging of pedagogic ideals promotes a particular kind of disciplined behaviour to the extent that learner behaviour and learning are inseparably intertwined.
Design der Intervention
Authors: Stenzel Thomas 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird die Interventionsmaßnahme in ihrer ursprünglichen, theoriebasierten Form beschrieben. Zunächst werden jedoch in Abschnitt 4.1 verschiedene Ansätze des Design Research präsentiert. Abschnitt 4.2 gibt dann einen kurzen Überblick über den zyklischen Ablauf der Intervention. Nachdem in Abschnitt 4.3 die Rahmenbedingungen der Maßnahme vorgestellt wurden, folgt in Abschnitt 4.4 die Entwicklung des ersten Zyklus der Intervention, die auf den in Abschnitt 2.4 beschriebenen theoretischen Überlegungen basiert. Abschnitt 4.5 beschäftigt sich mit der Schulung der an der Intervention beteiligten Tutoren. Da die in Kapitel 5 dargelegte qualitative Forschung Einfluss auf die Weiterentwicklung der Maßnahme hat, wird diese, und damit die vorerst letzte Version der Intervention, erst in Kapitel 6 beschrieben. Am Ende dieses Kapitels gibt es eine kurze Zuammenfassung der Maßnahme (Abschnitt 4.6).
Evaluation of drug interactions of saxagliptin with sildenafil in healthy volunteers
Authors: Mansour Rania Y. , ElBorolossy Radwa , Shaheen Sara M. , Sabri Nagwa A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sildenafil a CYP3A4 substrate and inhibitor on the pharmacokinetics and safety of saxagliptin.

Methods
Eighteen healthy volunteers were recruited in sequential; single-center study to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of saxagliptin and sildenafil, and (AUC0-∞), (AUC0-t); Cmax; tmax; t½, ke; ka were measured using validated LC–MS/MS method. Therapeutic doses were given as follows: Sildenafil 50 mg single dose on day one, then washout period from day two till day eight. Saxagliptin 5 mg once/day was given from day 9 till day 12; then on day 13, the two drugs were co-administered. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected on days 1 and 13 for sildenafil and on days 12 and 13 for saxagliptin.

Results
Saxagliptin ratios of T/R and 90% CI were 132.1% (122.7–142.3) for AUC0–t, and 167.6% (154.6–181.8) for Cmax. On the other hand, sildenafil pharmacokinetics were not affected. Gmax changed from 93.7 mg/dl to 95.6 mg/dl (P > 0.001) and AUCg0-t from 512.8 ng.h/ml to 532.75 ng.h/ml (P > 0.001) after co-administration of both drugs.

Conclusion
Sildenafil significantly affected the pharmacokinetic parameters of saxagliptin when co-administered.

Registration
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov under identifier number: [NCT04170790] in November 2019.
Dopamine/BDNF loss underscores narcosis cognitive impairment in divers: a proof of concept in a dry condition
Authors: Bosco Gerardo , Giacon Tommaso Antonio , Paolocci Nazareno , Vezzoli Alessandra , Noce Cinzia Della , Paganini Matteo , Agrimi Jacopo , Garetto Giacomo , Cialoni Danilo , D’Alessandro Natalie , Camporesi Enrico M. , Mrakic-Sposta Simona 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Divers can experience cognitive impairment due to inert gas narcosis (IGN) at depth. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rules neuronal connectivity/metabolism to maintain cognitive function and protect tissues against oxidative stress (OxS). Dopamine and glutamate enhance BDNF bioavailability. Thus, we hypothesized that lower circulating BDNF levels (via lessened dopamine and/or glutamate release) underpin IGN in divers, while testing if BDNF loss is associated with increased OxS.

Methods
To mimic IGN, we administered a deep narcosis test via a dry dive test (DDT) at 48 msw in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber to six well-trained divers. We collected: (1) saliva samples before DDT (T0), 25 msw (descending, T1), 48 msw (depth, T2), 25 msw (ascending, T3), 10 min after decompression (T4) to dopamine and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; (2) blood and urine samples at T0 and T4 for OxS too. We administered cognitive tests at T0, T2, and re-evaluated the divers at T4.

Results
At 48 msw, all subjects experienced IGN, as revealed by the cognitive test failure. Dopamine and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) reached a nadir at T2 when ROS emission was maximal. At decompression (T4), a marked drop of BDNF/glutamate content was evidenced, coinciding with a persisting decline in dopamine and cognitive capacity.

Conclusions
Divers encounter IGN at – 48 msw, exhibiting a marked loss in circulating dopamine levels, likely accounting for BDNF-dependent impairment of mental capacity and heightened OxS. The decline in dopamine and BDNF appears to persist at decompression; thus, boosting dopamine/BDNF signaling via pharmacological or other intervention types might attenuate IGN in deep dives.
Tree-ring-based seasonal temperature reconstructions and ecological implications of recent warming on oak forest health in the Zagros Mountains, Iran
Authors: Arsalani Mohsen , Grießinger Jussi , Bräuning Achim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAbrupt changes in temperature have especially strong impacts on fragile ecosystems located in semi-arid regions. In this study, we analyzed tree-ring widths (TRW) of Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirensvar.horizontalis) in the Zagros Mountains, Iran. Furthermore, we separately measured earlywood width (EWW) and latewood width (LWW) of Persian oak (Quercus brantiiLindl.) to examine if intra-annual resolution of tree-ring parameters ofQ. brantiitree rings can be used as high-resolution paleoclimate proxies. Climate-growth relationships revealed that mean monthly maximum temperatures (Tmax) are a dominant factor determining radial tree growth and negatively affect both oak and cypress in the Zagros Mountains. Accordingly, we reconstructed two different seasonal windows of past Tmax variability, namely, January–March and June–August over the periods 1860–2015 and 1560–2015, respectively. Regime shift detection identified twelve warm and nine cold significant regime shifts in our summer Tmax reconstructions. The longest hot summer period occurred in the twentieth century, and two warm regime shifts occurred in 1999 and 2008. The highest values of the warm summer regime shift index occurred in 2008, which coincided with fungal pathogen attacks and insect outbreak of the oak leaf roller moth (Tortrix viridana L.) in the Zagros oak woodlands. Interestingly, we found common warm and cold periods in historic climate variability between the summer and winter Tmax reconstructions. Warm and cold regime shifts occurred simultaneously from 1955 to 2015, and significant regional warm summer and winter regime shifts have occurred between 2008 and 2015. The winter and summer Tmax reconstructions show high spatial correlations with large areas in West Asia, North Africa, and the eastern Mediterranean region. Our results strengthen initial studies on past climate variability in Iran and contribute to an enhanced understanding of past temperature variability in West Asia.
DHA inhibits invasion and metastasis in NSCLC cells by interfering with CCL18/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Luo Hai-qing , Huang Yu-meng , Li Jing , Tang Xu-dong , Chen Ran , Wang Yan , Ren Jing , Dai Qiu-qin , Lan Liu-bo , Chen Jiang-yan , Li Xiang-yong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOmega-3 has been proposed as an antitumor substance that suppresses the growth and metastasis of multiple types of tumor cells, including lung cancer, but the specific mechanisms involved remain obscure. Our previous studies showed that the expression of chemokine ligand 18 was related to the migration and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Here, we aim to explore whether omega-3 inhibits invasion and metastasis of NSCLC by regulating the expression of CCL18. The expression of CCL18, metastasis- and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes at mRNA and protein levels in NSCLC cell lines were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The metastatic and invasive capability of NSCLC cells were evaluated by scratch wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Our results showed that the level of CCL18 is positively associated with metastatic ability of NSCLC cells. Docosahexaenoic acid, an important long-chain, polyunsaturated omega-3 (n−3) fatty acid, significantly inhibited invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells, and concomitantly downregulated the expression of metastasis- and EMT-related genes and p-STAT3 signaling pathway. Additionally, we found that DHA inhibited CCL18 expression in lung cancer cells, while overexpression of CCL18 effectively reversed DHA-mediated downregulation in the expression of metastasis- and EMT-related genes and p-STAT3 signaling as well as DHA-mediated inhibitory effect on metastasis and invasion of NSCLC cells. DHA inhibits NSCLC cell invasion and metastasis possibly through targeted inhibition of CCL18/ STAT3 signaling pathway and EMT process.
The European Central Bank’s Ethical Rules
Authors: Hansen Arne , Meyer Dirk 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study analyses the private securities transactions at the US Federal Reserve that have been made public since late 2021 and are worthy of criticism. It is shown by way of example that under the current applicable rules of conduct for the European Central Bank’s Governing Council members, such questionable transactions would neither be reported nor prohibited. The important goal of avoiding even the appearance of personal insider benefits and interest-driven monetary policy decisions is thus not achieved. In this respect, the rules of conduct for the members of the European Central Bank’s Governing Council require urgent revision even after they were recently adapted.
Euro Conditionality Hinges on Positive Convergence
Authors: Marcussen Michala 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present cocktail of a bleak economic outlook combined with high inflation and rising interest rates has raised questions as to whether a new euro debt crisis might emerge. Euro area sovereign spreads have widened, but not to “unwarranted” levels, unlike the situation that prevailed during the European debt crisis. A replay of the funding fears, which drove the euro area debt crisis a decade ago, seems unlikely today with the extensive toolkit now in place.
Enhancing suspension vibration reduction by diagonal inerter
Authors: Yang Meng , Luo Xingjiu , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Ding Hu , Chen Liqun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe diagonal inerter is integrated into a suspension vibration reduction system (SVRS). The dynamic model of the SVRS with diagonal inerter and damping is established. The dynamic model is of strong geometric nonlinearity. The retaining non-linearity up to cubic terms is validated under impact excitation. The conditions omitting the static deformation are determined. The effects of the diagonal inerter on the vibration reduction performance of the SVRS are explored under impact and random excitations. The vibration reduction performance of the proposed SVRS with both diagonal inerter and damping is better than that of either the SVRS without them or the SVRS with the diagonal damping only.
Teaching computational thinking using scenario-based learning tools
Authors: Zitouniatis Athanasios , Lazarinis Fotis , Kanellopoulos Dimitris 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a scenario-based learning (SBL) methodology for teaching Computational Thinking (CT). The presented scenario includes educational material that teaches the basic concepts of a Python course for beginners. The scenario allows the educator to utilize a combination of tools and services and follow a mind map. Moreover, it presents a story through steps which the Generation Z students can follow to learn, understand, and test their acquired knowledge on the Python programming language while engaging in non-coding-related topics such as the history of coding and coding ethics. The proposed SBL methodology allows teachers of CT to familiarize themselves with a series of tools (e.g., Twine, Kahoot!, Repl.it, Discord, and Gather.town) so as to facilitate Gen Z students to learn in synchronous and asynchronous educational environments. The SBL methodology was assessed by using a variety of inspection methods depending on the scope of the individual using the method (e.g., the effectiveness of the tools for the educator, the ease of use, and the interest generated by a Gen X student). The assessment results were quite encouraging.
The Assouad spectrum of Kleinian limit sets and Patterson–Sullivan measure
Authors: Fraser Jonathan M. , Stuart Liam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Assouad dimension of the limit set of a geometrically finite Kleinian group with parabolics may exceed the Hausdorff and box dimensions. The Assouadspectrumis a continuously parametrised family of dimensions which ‘interpolates’ between the box and Assouad dimensions of a fractal set. It is designed to reveal more subtle geometric information than the box and Assouad dimensions considered in isolation. We conduct a detailed analysis of the Assouad spectrum of limit sets of geometrically finite Kleinian groups and the associated Patterson–Sullivan measure. Our analysis reveals several novel features, such as interplay between horoballs of different rank not seen by the box or Assouad dimensions.
Separating bichromatic point sets in the plane by restricted orientation convex hulls
Authors: Alegría Carlos , Orden David , Seara Carlos , Urrutia Jorge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe explore the separability of point sets in the plane by a restricted-orientation convex hull, which is an orientation-dependent, possibly disconnected, and non-convex enclosing shape that generalizes the convex hull. Let R and B be two disjoint sets of red and blue points in the plane, and $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
be a set of $$k\ge 2$$

k
≥
2

lines passing through the origin. We study the problem of computing the set of orientations of the lines of $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
for which the $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
-convex hull of R contains no points of B. For $$k=2$$

k
=
2

orthogonal lines we have the rectilinear convex hull. In optimal $$O(n\log n)$$

O
(
n
log
n
)

time and O(n) space, $$n = \vert R \vert + \vert B \vert $$

n
=
|
R
|
+
|
B
|

, we compute the set of rotation angles such that, after simultaneously rotating the lines of $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
around the origin in the same direction, the rectilinear convex hull of R contains no points of B. We generalize this result to the case where $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
is formed by $$k \ge 2$$

k
≥
2

lines with arbitrary orientations. In the counter-clockwise circular order of the lines of $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
, let $$\alpha _i$$

α
i

be the angle required to clockwise rotate the ith line so it coincides with its successor. We solve the problem in this case in $$O({1}/{\Theta }\cdot N \log N)$$

O
(
1
/
Θ
·
N
log
N
)

time and $$O({1}/{\Theta }\cdot N)$$

O
(
1
/
Θ
·
N
)

space, where $$\Theta = \min \{ \alpha _1,\ldots ,\alpha _k \}$$

Θ
=
min
{

α
1

,
…
,

α
k

}

and $$N=\max \{k,\vert R \vert + \vert B \vert \}$$

N
=
max
{
k
,
|
R
|
+
|
B
|
}

. We finally consider the case in which $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
is formed by $$k=2$$

k
=
2

lines, one of the lines is fixed, and the second line rotates by an angle that goes from 0 to $$\pi $$
π
. We show that this last case can also be solved in optimal $$O(n\log n)$$

O
(
n
log
n
)

time and O(n) space, where $$n = \vert R \vert + \vert B \vert $$

n
=
|
R
|
+
|
B
|

.
Dirac operator spectrum in tubes and layers with a zigzag-type boundary
Authors: Exner Pavel , Holzmann Markus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe derive a number of spectral results for Dirac operators in geometrically nontrivial regions in $$\mathbb {R}^2$$

R

2

and $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

of tube or layer shapes with a zigzag-type boundary using the corresponding properties of the Dirichlet Laplacian.
The phenotypic and genetic effects of drought-induced stress on apical growth, ring width, wood density and biomass in white spruce seedlings
Authors: Soro André , Lenz Patrick , Roussel Jean-Romain , Larochelle François , Bousquet Jean , Achim Alexis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractForest plantations play an important role in maintaining a supply of high-quality timber from managed forest. With an expected increase in the prevalence of drought in some forested areas, climate change increases concerns about future seedling growth. A promising approach to promote the suitability of plantation seedlings to current and future climate would be to use variation in growth and wood traits of trees under drought as selection criteria in tree breeding programs, especially at a young stage when they are most vulnerable to drought. We evaluated the genetic control of the growth and wood density response of white spruce clonal seedlings submitted to various drought conditions in a greenhouse experiment. By varying the watering treatment of 600 two year-old seedlings from 25 clones, we simulated three levels of drought-induced stress during two growing seasons. Apical and radial growth decreased markedly as the intensity of drought increased, whereas wood density tended to increase. We also developed a woody biomass index composed of wood density and ring area, which was observed to decrease slightly with increasing drought. There was important variation in all traits among clones and heritability tended to decrease with the intensity and duration of drought-induced stress, mainly for wood density and radial growth. However, the heritability of apical growth tended to increase under drought conditions. Our results show that the response of young white spruce clones to drought is highly variable, and together with the significant levels of heritability noted, the results indicate that multi-trait genetic selection for drought stress response at a young age could represent a promising approach to increase resilience to drought.
How scientists interpret and address funding criteria: value creation and undesirable side effects
Authors: O’Kane Conor , Zhang Jing A. , Haar Jarrod , Cunningham James A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractScientists and funding bodies are interdependent actors involved in an ongoing two-way signalling interaction; however, we lack insight on the social mechanisms underpinning this interaction. To address this issue, we examine how successfully funded scientists interpret and address criteria set by the funding body to maximise their chances of funding success. We also consider the possible adverse side effects that can arise from scientists’ competitive efforts to address these criteria. Our findings identify a portfolio of funding criteria—research feasibility, research alignment and team credentials—that scientists address when preparing grant applications. Effectively addressing these criteria enhances the prospects of funding success and value creation. However, we also find that scientists can over-address funding criteria, which is counterproductive and yields undesirable side effects. Our research therefore makes an important distinction between the possibilities for value creation and the value creation frictions that can unintentionally arise based on how grant-submitting scientists interpret and address the criteria signalled by the funding body. Our research has implications for policymakers, funding bodies and scientists which we also discuss.
Correlations Among High School Students' Beliefs about Conspiracy, Authoritarianism, and Scientific Literacy
Authors: Synak Nikola , Šabíková Nikola , Masaryk Radomír 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudies consistently show the social impact of spreading epistemologically unfounded beliefs (or ‘conspiracy beliefs’), including negative effects on public health. The present study identified correlations among epistemologically unfounded beliefs, authoritarianism, and scientific literacy in a representative sample of 303 Slovak secondary school students, using the Epistemologically Unfounded Beliefs Scale, Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale, and Scientific Reasoning Scale. Statistical analysis confirmed significant correlations among the three variables. The findings suggest that increasing scientific literacy could simultaneously reduce authoritarianism and epistemologically unfounded beliefs in secondary school students.
‘Immediate access … everywhere you go’: a Grounded Theory Study of How Smartphone Betting Can Facilitate Harmful Sports Betting Behaviours Amongst Young Adults
Authors: Hing Nerilee , Thorne Hannah , Russell Alex M. T. , Newall Philip W. S. , Lole Lisa , Rockloff Matthew , Browne Matthew , Greer Nancy , Tulloch Catherine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study explored how the use of smartphones can influence sports betting by young adults, compared to using computers and land-based betting facilities. Interviews with 33 Australians aged 18–29 years, who bet regularly on sports, esports, and/or fantasy sports, were analysed using adaptive grounded theory. Seven major themes related to platform functionality, sourcing betting information, physical accessibility, financial accessibility, social influences, privacy, and marketing. The grounded theory model depicts how features of smartphones, online gambling, and betting apps combine in smartphone betting to provide instantaneous access to betting, anywhere and at any time, to facilitate harmful betting behaviours. These behaviours included increased betting participation, frequency and expenditure, placing a wider variety of bets, impulsive and spontaneous betting, placing riskier bets with longer odds, chasing losses, and acting on social encouragement to bet. These findings can inform harm minimisation measures, regulation, and policy.