bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Legal Treatment of Muslims in Italy in the Age of Fear and Insecurity
Authors: Alicino Francesco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough diverging influences have always characterized the relation between religion and democracy, in Italy, tensions arising from these divergences are especially exacerbated by the country’s current religious diversity and plurality, and they are magnified when combined with chronic emergencies such as immigration and international terrorism. These critical factors complicate the application of freedom of religion and the supreme principle of secularism (principio supremo di laicità), which are essential parts of the Italian legal system. This article analyzes these aspects of the law by considering the relation between Islamic communities and the state. In particular, the article focuses on both endogenous influences (Italy’s traditional system of state-church relationship) and exogenous influences (immigration and international terrorism). These factors muddle the interpretation of constitutional rights, including the right of Muslims and Islamic groups to be equal and equally free before the law.
AFFINE CONVOLUTIONS, RAMANUJAN–FOURIER EXPANSIONS AND SOPHIE GERMAIN PRIMES
Authors: FUENTES ELIEZER 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor a fixed integer h, the standard orthogonality relations for Ramanujan sums
$c_r(n)$
give an asymptotic formula for the shifted convolution
$\sum _{n\le N} c_q(n)c_r(n+h)$
. We prove a generalised formula for affine convolutions
$\sum _{n\le N} c_q(n)c_r(kn+h)$
. This allows us to study affine convolutions
$\sum _{n\le N} f(n)g(kn+h)$
of arithmetical functions
$f,g$
admitting a suitable Ramanujan–Fourier expansion. As an application, we give a heuristic justification of the Hardy–Littlewood conjectural asymptotic formula for counting Sophie Germain primes.
Do Politically Irrelevant Events Cause Conflict? The Cross-continental Effects of European Professional Football on Protests in Africa
Authors: Kikuta Kyosuke , Uesugi Mamoru 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe examine whether politically irrelevant events can cause conflicts, by analyzing the effects of professional football games in Europe on protests in Africa—an unintended spillover across the continents. By expanding psychological theories, we argue that the outcomes of the football games in Europe can affect African people's subjective evaluation of domestic politicians, which in turn can trigger protests. By exploiting as-if random variation in the results of 15,102 close football games conditional on betting odds, we find that compared to draw games, close losses of African players’ teams increase peaceful protests in their original countries while not changing the likelihood of riots or armed conflicts. The effect is particularly large for non-ethnic protests targeted at a central government. Close losses also temporarily decrease people's trust in their country's leader. By contrast, close victories do not have equivalent or compensating effects on protests or public opinion. These results suggest asymmetric misattribution: people in Africa unreasonably blame domestic politicians for bad luck in European football games, prompting protests; but they do not credit politicians with football victories.
Mechanised Pits and Artisanal Tunnels: The Incongruences and Complementarities of Mining Investment in the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Gilfoy Kieran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConflict has become a central concept to understanding the recent expansion of mining across the Andes. Yet, while contestation can emerge and has done so, the continued extraction of minerals requires scholars to attend to how mining projects maintain viability. This article moves beyond analyses of conflict to elucidate the role of compromise in achieving temporary states of homeostasis. Using ethnographic data collected at the Las Bambas copper mine in the highlands of southern Peru, I explore the agential navigation of communities affected by mining and the projects they develop in pursuit of ‘a better life’. The article elucidates the challenges that industrial production presents for professional employment, the limitations of boomtown hustling (informal economic activity) for aspiring individuals, and the rise of artisanal mining as a project of social mobility. Ultimately, the acceptance of such ‘illegal’ mining by corporate proprietors demonstrates the complementary nature that informal and formal extraction play in allaying the momentum of conflict.
Rationality as the end of thought
Authors: Chater Nick 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bermúdez convincingly argues that framing effects are ubiquitous and that this is not a sign of human irrationality, but an unavoidable feature of any intelligent system. The commentary adds that framing effects arise even in formal domains, such as chess and mathematics, which appear paradigms of rational thought. Indeed, finding and attempting to resolve clashes between different frames is a major impetus for deliberative cognition.
The framing of decisions “leaks” into the experiencing of decisions
Authors: Schwartz Barry , Cheek Nathan N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We connect Bermúdez's arguments to previous theorizing about “leaky” rationality, emphasizing that the decision process (including decision frames) “leaks” into the experience of decision outcomes. We suggest that the implications of Bermúdez's analysis are broadly applicable to the study of virtually all real-world decision making, and that the field needs a substantive and not just a formal theory of rationality.
Biases and suboptimal choice by animals suggest that framing effects may be ubiquitous
Authors: Zentall Thomas R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Framing effects attributed to “quasi-cyclical” irrational complex human preferences are ubiquitous biases resulting from simpler mechanisms that can be found in other animals. Examples of such framing effects vary from simple learning contexts, to an analog of human gambling behavior, to the value added to a reinforcer by the effort that went into obtaining it.
Defining preferences over framed outcomes does not secure agents' rationality
Authors: Fisher Sarah A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bermúdez claims that agents think about framed outcomes, not outcomes themselves; and that seemingly incoherent preferences can be rational, once defined over framed outcomes. However, the agents in his examples know that alternative frames describe the same outcome, neutrally understood. This undermines the restriction of their preferences to framed outcomes and, in turn, the argument for rational framing effects.
Reframing rationality: Exogenous constraints on controlled information search
Authors: Teoh Yi Yang , Roberts Ian D. , Hutcherson Cendri A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBermúdez argues that framing effects are rational because particular frames provide goal-consistent reasons for choice and that people exert some control over the framing of a decision-problem. We propose instead that these observations raise the question of whether frame selection itself is a rational process and highlight how constraints in the choice environment severely limit the rational selection of frames.
A reputational perspective on rational framing effects
Authors: Dorison Charles Adam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To assess whether behaviors like framing effects are rational, researchers need to consider decision makers' goals. I argue that researchers should broaden the scope of analysis to include impression management goals. Under predictable conditions, behaviors traditionally considered irrational (e.g., loss–gain framing effects on risk preferences) can be reputationally rewarding, casting doubt on strict claims of irrationality.
Incomplete preferences and rational framing effects
Authors: Sher Shlomi , McKenzie Craig R. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The normative principle of description invariance presupposes that rational preferences must be complete. The completeness axiom is normatively dubious, however, and its rejection opens the door to rational framing effects. In this commentary, we suggest that Bermúdez's insightful challenge to the standard normative view of framing can be clarified and extended by situating it within a broader critique of completeness.
Why framing effects can be rational
Authors: Kühberger Anton 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When communication is not disinterested, seemingly inconsistent preferences are predictable from language pragmatics and information non-equivalence. In addition, the classic risky choice framing effect found in the Asian disease task – risk-aversion with gains and risk-seeking with losses – applies to gambles, but tends to be overgeneralized to non-gambling situations.
What characterizes helpful personal practice in psychotherapy training? Results of an online survey
Authors: Hahn Daniela , Weck Florian , Witthöft Michael , Kühne Franziska 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:Personal practice (PP) is often considered as a central component in psychotherapy training aiming to promote personal and therapeutic competences. However, its implementation varies considerably in practice.Aims:The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the current practice of PP regarding the frequency/occurrence and perceived usefulness/impairment of topics, techniques and effects, as well as its helpful characteristics in psychotherapy training.Method:407 German psychotherapy trainees (214 cognitive behavioural therapy; 178 psychodynamic therapy) were surveyed online as to their current practice of PP.Results:For trainees, personal and therapeutic related topics were discussed. Reflection techniques and self-experiential practice were among the most frequently reported strategies, while the fostering of personal and interpersonal competences was among the effects with the strongest occurrence. However, negative PP effects were recorded as well. Differences in PP practice emerged between therapeutic orientations.Conclusions:As certain techniques which are central to PP (e.g. self-experience) were also rarely or not used, and negative effects reported, its potential might not be fully utilized.
Subcortical plasticity and enhanced neural synchrony in multilingual adults
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Villeneuve Caroline , Thompson Jordon , Koravand Amineh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhereas growing evidence supports the advantages of bilingualism for brain structure and function, no study has shown multilingual-related neuroplasticity in response to speech stimuli at the subcortical level. To investigate the impact of multilingualism on subcortical auditory processing, the speech auditory evoked response (speech-ABR) was recorded on 35 young adults. The multilingual group completed the language experience and proficiency questionnaire (LEAP-Q). The results were that multilingual participants demonstrated evidence of enhanced neural timing processing, including a shorter wave D latency and the V-A duration, and a sharper V-A slope compared to the monolinguals in silence. In the noise condition, the speech-ABR measures degraded in most components, and no significant difference was observed between the two groups. The association between the total proficiency score and several subcortical responses was significant. This shows subcortical evidence of stronger neural synchronization in multilinguals relative to monolinguals, correlated with the self-report of multilingual experience.
Gait monitoring for older adults during guided walking: An integrated assistive robot and wearable sensor approach
Authors: Zhao Qingya , Chen Zhuo , Landis Corey D. , Lytle Ashley , Rao Ashwini K. , Zanotto Damiano , Guo Yi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An active lifestyle can mitigate physical decline and cognitive impairment in older adults. Regular walking exercises for older individuals result in enhanced balance and reduced risk of falling. In this article, we present a study on gait monitoring for older adults during walking using an integrated system encompassing an assistive robot and wearable sensors. The system fuses data from the robot onboard Red Green Blue plus Depth (RGB-D) sensor with inertial and pressure sensors embedded in shoe insoles, and estimates spatiotemporal gait parameters and dynamic margin of stability in real-time. Data collected with 24 participants at a community center reveal associations between gait parameters, physical performance (evaluated with the Short Physical Performance Battery), and cognitive ability (measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The results validate the feasibility of using such a portable system in out-of-the-lab conditions and will be helpful for designing future technology-enhanced exercise interventions to improve balance, mobility, and strength and potentially reduce falls in older adults.
The Gravity Signal of Mercury's Inner Core
Authors: Dumberry Mathieu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn a reference frame rotating with Mercury's mantle and crust, the inner core and fluid core precess in a retrograde sense with a period of 58.646 days. The precession of a triaxial inner core with a different density than the fluid core induces a periodic gravity variation of degree 2, order 1. Elastic deformations from the pressure that the precessing fluid core exerts on the core‐mantle boundary also contribute to this gravity signal. We show that the periodic change in Stokes coefficients ΔC21 and ΔS21 for this signal of internal origin is of the order of 10−10, similar in magnitude to the signal from solar tides. The relative contribution from the inner core increases with inner core radius and with the amplitude of its tilt angle with respect to the mantle. The latter depends on the strength of electromagnetic coupling at the inner core boundary which in turn depends on the radial magnetic field Br; a larger Br generates a larger tilt. The inner core signal features a contrast between ΔC21 and ΔS21 due to its triaxial shape, discernible for an inner core radius >500 km if Br > 0.1 mT, or for an inner core radius >1100 km if Br < 0.01 mT. A detection of this contrast would confirm the presence of an inner core and place constraints on its size and the strength of the internal magnetic field. These would provide key constraints for the thermal evolution of Mercury and for its dynamo mechanism.
Dust Aerosol Impacts on the Time of Cloud Formation in the Badain Jaran Desert Area
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhao Chuanfeng , Yang Yikun , Sun Yue , Xia Yan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDust, as absorbing aerosols, can change the stability of the atmosphere through radiative effects, thereby affecting the formation and characteristics of clouds. In order to explore the influence of dust aerosols on cloud formation, this study takes the Badain Jaran Desert area as the research area where cloud formation is less disturbed by human activities compared to other densely populated areas such as the North China Plain, and uses the high temporal resolution Himawari‐8 satellite data to identify 469 cases with cloud formation after 03:00 UTC (11:00 Beijing time). Through the analysis of individual cases, we find that the cloud formation time is dominated by the low tropospheric stability (LTS) when the total precipitable water (TPW) is less than about 18.5 kg/m2, and greatly affected by the TPW when it is larger than 18.5 kg/m2. Dust aerosols near the ground absorb shortwave solar radiation, making the atmospheric structure unstable (decreased LTS) and conducive to cloud formation. Statistically, for every 0.1 increase in aerosol optical depth, the cloud formation time is advanced about 138 min compared to low aerosol cases. Further analysis shows that dust aerosols actually inhibit the formation of convective clouds through microphysical processes when the TPW is small, while promote the formation of convective clouds through radiative processes when the TPW is large. This study reveals the effects of dust aerosols on the time of cloud formation along with the underlying mechanisms, which provides observational support for improving cloud parameterization in numerical models.
Mounds in Oxia Planum: The Burial and Exhumation of the ExoMars Rover Landing Site
Authors: McNeil Joseph D. , Fawdon Peter , Balme Matthew R. , Coe Angela L. , Thomas Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOxia Planum, the planned landing site of the ExoMars “Rosalind Franklin” rover, is a low relief clay‐bearing plain, of which approximately 1% is covered by 396 upstanding isolated landforms (“mounds”). The mounds are continuous with a circum‐Chryse mound population representing the remnants of a regionally significant Noachian‐aged deposit. This detailed study suggests that the Oxia Planum mounds are also erosional remnants of this deposit, with little evidence to suggest they are constructional landforms such as sedimentary volcanoes. We calculate that up to 130 m of mound‐forming material has been removed from the landing site through erosion. The mound‐forming layer lies unconformably on the clay‐bearing plains with the upper surface severely truncated by significant erosion resulting in the topography we see today. The mounds themselves comprise at least three members, distinct in color and texture, separated stratigraphically by further unconformities. Calculated minimum erosion/deposition rates of the removed mound material are comparable to previous Noachian estimates, suggesting a more erosive (and probably therefore warmer and/or wetter) environment than today. The clay‐bearing materials which remain buried directly under the mounds have been continually protected from the Martian environment since the Noachian, and are likely to represent some of the most pristine clay‐rich materials in the landing site. By inference, the plains directly adjacent to the mounds are most likely to have been exposed for less time than areas further from the mounds. These are therefore amongst the most likely locations where Rosalind Franklin could sample recently exposed materials and hence detect biosignatures.
Transport of Water Into the Polar Regions of Mars Through Scavenging by CO2 Snowfall
Authors: Alsaeed N. R. , Hayne P. O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Martian water cycle is tightly coupled to the polar regions, where water in the residual polar caps exchanges with the atmosphere on seasonal and multi‐annual timescales. It is thus crucial to understand the mechanisms that control water exchange in the polar regions in order to understand the water cycle as a whole. One such mechanism is CO2 snowfall, which previous studies have shown is frequent in the poles and provides a pathway for material to move from the atmosphere to the surface. We hypothesize that water ice particles that form in the wintertime atmosphere above the polar region act as condensation nuclei (CN) for the CO2 ice particles and are deposited onto the polar caps during the CO2 snowfall process. A significant amount of water may thus be contributed to the polar caps in winter through CO2 snowfall. In this study we use atmospheric retrievals of temperature, pressure, and CO2 ice cloud opacity from the Mars Climate Sounder on board NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter coupled with a simple cloud settling model to determine sedimentation rates of CO2 ice in the polar winter. We then use these snowfall rates to quantify the amount of water ice deposited to the seasonal polar caps as CN and analyze spatial and temporal patterns in its distribution. We find a lower limit on the average mass of water scavenged every winter on the order of 109–1010 kg in the north and 108–109 kg in the south.
MHD Study of Extreme Space Weather Conditions for Exoplanets With Earth‐Like Magnetospheres: On Habitability Conditions and Radio‐Emission
Authors: Varela J. , Brun A. S. , Zarka P. , Strugarek A. , Pantellini F. , Réville V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study aims at characterizing the habitability conditions of exoplanets with an Earth‐like magnetosphere inside the habitable zone of M and F stars, caused by the direct deposition of the stellar wind on the exoplanet surface. Also, the radio emission generated by exoplanets with a Earth‐like magnetosphere is calculated for different space weather conditions. The study is based on a set of MHD simulations performed by the code PLUTO. Exoplanets hosted by M stars at 0.2 au are protected from the stellar wind during regular and coronal mass ejection (CME)‐like space weather conditions if the star rotation period is slower than 3 days. Exoplanets hosted by a F stars at ≥2.5 au are protected during regular space weather conditions, but a stronger magnetic field compared to the Earth is mandatory if the exoplanet is close to the inner edge of the star habitable zone (2.5 au) during CMEs. The range of radio emission values calculated in the simulations are consistent with the scaling proposed by Zarka (2018,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_22) during regular and common CME‐like space weather conditions. If the radio telescopes measure a relative low radio emission signal with small variability from an exoplanet, that may indicate favorable exoplanet habitability conditions. The radio emission power calculated for exoplanets with an Earth‐like magnetosphere is in the range of 3 × 107to 2 × 1010 W for SW dynamic pressures between 1.5 and 100 nPa and interplanetary magnetic field intensities between 50 and 250 nT, and is below the sensitivity threshold of present radio telescopes at parsec distances.
A cluster of mesopontine GABAergic neurons suppresses REM sleep and curbs cataplexy
Authors: Chen Ze-Ka , Dong Hui , Liu Cheng-Wei , Liu Wen-Ying , Zhao Ya-Nan , Xu Wei , Sun Xiao , Xiong Yan-Yu , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Yuan Xiang-Shan , Wang Bing , Lazarus Michael , Chérasse Yoan , Li Ya-Dong , Han Fang , Qu Wei-Min , Ding Feng-Fei , Huang Zhi-Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhysiological rapid eye movement (REM) sleep termination is vital for initiating non-REM (NREM) sleep or arousal, whereas the suppression of excessive REM sleep is promising in treating narcolepsy. However, the neuronal mechanisms controlling REM sleep termination and keeping sleep continuation remain largely unknown. Here, we reveal a key brainstem region of GABAergic neurons in the control of both physiological REM sleep and cataplexy. Using fiber photometry and optic tetrode recording, we characterized the dorsal part of the deep mesencephalic nucleus (dDpMe) GABAergic neurons as REM relatively inactive and two different firing patterns under spontaneous sleep–wake cycles. Next, we investigated the roles of dDpMe GABAergic neuronal circuits in brain state regulation using optogenetics, RNA interference technology, and celltype-specific lesion. Physiologically, dDpMe GABAergic neurons causally suppressed REM sleep and promoted NREM sleep through the sublaterodorsal nucleus and lateral hypothalamus. In-depth studies of neural circuits revealed that sublaterodorsal nucleus glutamatergic neurons were essential for REM sleep termination by dDpMe GABAergic neurons. In addition, dDpMe GABAergic neurons efficiently suppressed cataplexy in a rodent model. Our results demonstrated that dDpMe GABAergic neurons controlled REM sleep termination along with REM/NREM transitions and represented a novel potential target to treat narcolepsy.