bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Public Health 12 framework: interpreting the ‘Meadows 12 places to act in a system’ for use in public health
Authors: Bolton Kristy A. , Whelan Jillian , Fraser Penny , Bell Colin , Allender Steven , Brown Andrew D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Systems science approaches have demonstrated effectiveness in identifying underlying drivers of complex problems and facilitating the emergence of potential interventions that are locally tailored, feasible, sustainable and evidence informed. Despite the potential usefulness of system dynamics simulation modelling and other systems science modelling techniques in guiding implementation, time and cost constraints have limited its ability to provide strong guidance on how to implement complex interventions in communities. Guidance is required to ensure systems interventions lead to impactful systems solutions, implemented utilising strategies from the intersecting fields of systems science and implementation science. To provide cost-effective guidance on how and where to implement in systems, we offer a translation of the ‘Meadows 12 places to act in a system’ (Meadows 12) into language useful for public health.

Methods
This translation of Meadows 12 was informed by our experience in working with 31 communities across two complex large scale randomised control trials and one large whole of community case study. These research projects utilised systems science and implementation science to co-create childhood obesity prevention interventions. The team undertaking this translation comprised research academics, implementation specialists and practitioners, practice-based researchers and a systems dynamicist. Our translation of each of the Meadows 12 levels to act in the system maintains the fidelity and nuance of the 12 distinct levels. We provide examples of each level of the Public Health 12 framework (PH12) drawn from 31 communities. All research was conducted in Victoria, Australia between 2016 and 2020.

Results
PH12 provides a framework to guide both research and practice in real world contexts to implement targeted system level interventions. PH12 can be used with existing implementation science theory to identify relevant strategies for implementation of these interventions to impact the system at each of the leverage points.

Conclusion
To date little guidance for public health practitioners and researchers exists regarding how to implement systems change in community-led public health interventions. PH12 enables operationalisation Meadows 12 systems theory into public health interventions. PH12 can help research and practice determine where leverage can be applied in the system to optimise public health systems level interventions and identify gaps in existing efforts.

Trial registration
WHO STOPS: ANZCTR: 12616000980437. RESPOND: ANZCTR: 12618001986268p.
Influence of land cover features on avian community and potential conservation priority areas for biodiversity at a Ramsar site in India
Authors: Barik Souvik , Saha Goutam Kumar , Mazumdar Subhendu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWetlands provide diverse ecological services to sustain rich biodiversity, but they are recklessly exploited around the globe. East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW; Ramsar site No. 1208, ~ 125 km2) was once very rich in faunal diversity that declined over the years due to various anthropogenic pressures. In such scenarios, effective management plans need to contemplate local and landscape level initiatives and prioritize areas for conservation. Studying the foraging guild structure and spatial patterns of relationship between bird and its environment provides important insight of ecological processes of avifauna. Thus, we carried out extensive surveys in 142 point count stations to explore the diversity and foraging guild structure of birds in EKW. We addressed two important questions that how bird diversity varied from the outer periphery of the city towards the wetlands and how bird diversity is influenced by land cover features at local and landscape level in wetland complex. The goal of this study was to prepare a spatial map of avian diversity and to find the conservation priority areas for birds in this internationally recognized wetland complex.ResultsWe recorded 94 species of birds and the Shannon diversity index values ranged between 1.249 and 3.189. We found that the avian diversity increased with increasing distance from city periphery. Omnivores and insectivores were the dominant foraging guilds, followed by carnivores, granivores, frugivores and piscivores. Generalized Linear Models revealed that bird communities were positively influenced by areas of wetlands, dikes and banks, agricultural field and emergent vegetation, and negatively influenced by built-up area. In the projected spatial map of species diversity, 74.15 km2area has high diversity. Finally, we identified 12.82 km2of top 10% conservation priority areas.ConclusionsLow bird diversity near city periphery is related to habitat degradation due to anthropogenic pressure. Dominance of omnivores and insectivores indicates a possible impact of urbanization in EKW. We suggest that a mix of agricultural field, wetland areas and emergent vegetation helps to sustain a greater avian community. Besides, protection of conservation priority areas, restoration of the degraded habitats and reduction of threats (particularly in the north-eastern parts of EKW near the city periphery) will ensure the conservation of avifauna, and also the overall biodiversity of EKW.
Six-month outcomes of the HOPE smartphone application designed to support treatment with medications for opioid use disorder and piloted during an early statewide COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Hodges Jacqueline , Waselewski Marika , Harrington William , Franklin Taylor , Schorling Kelly , Huynh Jacqueline , Tabackman Alexa , Otero Kori , Ingersoll Karen , Tiouririne Nassima Ait-Daoud , Flickinger Tabor , Dillingham Rebecca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Morbidity and mortality related to opioid use disorder (OUD) in the U.S. is at an all-time high. Innovative approaches are needed to address gaps in retention in treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Mobile health (mHealth) approaches have shown improvement in engagement in care and associated clinical outcomes for a variety of chronic diseases, but mHealth tools designed specifically to support patients treated with MOUD are limited.

Methods
Following user-centered development and testing phases, a multi-feature smartphone application called HOPE (Heal. Overcome. Persist. Endure) was piloted in a small cohort of patients receiving MOUD and at high risk of disengagement in care at an office-based opioid treatment (OBOT) clinic in Central Virginia. Outcomes were tracked over a six-month period following patient enrollment. They included retention in care at the OBOT clinic, usage of various features of the application, and self-rated measures of mental health, substance use, treatment and recovery.

Results
Of the 25 participants in the HOPE pilot study, a majority were retained in care at 6 months (56%). Uptake of bi-directional features including messaging with providers and daily check-ins of mood, stress and medication adherence peaked at one month, and usage persisted through the sixth month. Patients who reported that distance to clinic was a problem at baseline had higher loss to follow up compared to those without distance as a reported barrier (67% vs 23%, p = 0.03). Patients lost to in-person clinic follow up continued to engage with one or more app features, indicating that mHealth approaches may bridge barriers to clinic visit attendance. Participants surveyed at baseline and 6 months (N = 16) scored higher on scales related to overall self-control and self-efficacy related to drug abstinence.

Conclusions
A pilot study of a novel multi-feature smartphone application to support OUD treatment showed acceptable retention in care and patient usage at 6 months. Further study within a larger population is needed to characterize ‘real world’ uptake and association with outcomes related to retention in care, relapse prevention, and opioid-associated mortality.
On-site communication measures as a tool in outdoor recreation management: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Selvaag Sofie Kjendlie , Keller Rose , Aas Øystein , Gundersen Vegard , Singsaas Frode Thomassen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Communication is a central tool in managing the balance between outdoor recreation and environmental protection. Several studies have evaluated different communication measures in nature area case studies, but rarely are these measures compared across contexts. We systematically map the literature guided by the question, what is the evidence base of on-site communication in outdoor recreation to change human behavior towards a more sustainable direction? Taking vulnerable natural areas as our starting point, we map distribution and abundance of communication measures, study design and outcome-related themes.

Methods
The target population for our mapping review (hereafter review) are outdoor recreationists and nature-based tourists who visit natural or near-natural settings. We will examine the studies that have crafted written, oral and visual intervention measures to change behavior by using persuasion, education and information instead of legal restrictions or bans. Some examples of challenges addressed with communication measures are proper waste disposal, using designated trails, minimizing wear and tear at campsites, avoid disturbing wildlife, and encouraging appropriate and safe behavior. No geographic restrictions will be applied but we will focus on protected areas. We will search publication databases for peer-reviewed published articles using internet and specialist searches to identify grey literature in English. We will screen first by title, followed by abstract and finally full text. For each article selected for full-text screening, metadata will be extracted on key variables of interest.
The extracted data from the coding will be used to group and compare the studies to reveal knowledge gaps and knowledge clusters. We will briefly describe findings from the included studies. The review will help identify what type of human behavior researchers have addressed with communication in nature management and conservation. In addition it will highlight which communication measures are frequently used in each behavioral context. It will identify which frameworks and communication theories have been the basis for designing intervention measures and provide support to practitioners and researchers in future framing and implementation of communication measures in natural settings.
Effects of arm and leg positions on lumbar multifidus muscle activity while on hands and knees or while standing
Authors: Mitani Yasuhiro , Hanafusa Masaru , Hashimoto Junichi , Inada Ryuta , Koda Hitoshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The lumbar multifidus (LMF) muscle, which is involved in the mechanical stability of the lumbar spine, reportedly undergoes atrophy in patients with low back pain. Preventing or mitigating low back pain requires strengthening the LMF muscle; however, methods for triggering selective and significant contraction of this muscle have not been fully studied. This study aims to clarify how, in the hands-and-knees or standing position, the position of the arm and leg on one side affects the activity of the lumbar erector spinae (LES) and LMF muscles.

Methods
We recruited nine adult men with no prior history of low back pain. Measurements were taken in four different postures under varying conditions (that is, one arm and one leg were lifted in either the hands-and-knees or standing position,) as follows: (1) shoulder joint flexion and hip joint extension in the hands-and-knees position; (2) 90° shoulder joint abduction and hip joint abduction in the hands-and-knees position; (3) shoulder joint flexion and hip joint extension in the standing position; and (4) 90° shoulder joint abduction and hip joint abduction in the standing position. The 90° shoulder joint abduction involved simultaneous horizontal abduction, while the hip joint abduction involved simultaneous extension. Muscle activity of the LES and LMF in each posture was measured using a surface electromyograph.

Results
Muscle activity of the LMF was significantly higher in 90° shoulder joint abduction and hip joint abduction than in shoulder joint flexion and hip joint extension in both the hands-and-knees and standing positions. The LES muscle showed no significant differences in activity between each posture.

Conclusions
The results suggest that unilateral 90° shoulder joint abduction and contralateral hip joint abduction in the hands-and-knees and standing positions may produce selective and significant contraction of the LMF muscle.
Homocysteine as a potential indicator of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in female patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Kern Katharina , Sinningen Kathrin , Engemann Luisa , Maiß Clara , Hanusch Beatrice , Mügge Andreas , Lücke Thomas , Brüne Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
There is increasing evidence suggesting that patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) compared to the general population. Homocysteine (Hcy) has been discussed as a serum marker for endothelial dysfunction as a mechanism involved in CVD and has been shown to be associated with numerous psychiatric conditions. Pathophysiologically, there seems to be a link between Hcy and psychological stress mediated by abnormal activity of the autonomic nervous system. Accordingly, the present study sought to examine Hcy in BPD and to explore possible associations with clinical parameters.

Methods
Plasma Hcy levels as well as conventional cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure, BMI, smoking habits, HbA1c, HDL, LDL, and cholesterol, were examined in 49 young female in-patients diagnosed with BPD and 50 psychologically healthy control subjects matched for age and sex. Assessment of borderline symptom severity, childhood trauma, exposure to chronic stress, and quality of sleep was performed using self-reported questionnaires.

Results
BPD patients showed significantly higher mean plasma Hcy concentrations compared to controls, though below ranges considered pathological. Moreover, Hcy correlated significantly with the severity of childhood trauma, chronic stress, and subjective sleep disturbances. In a regression model BPD diagnosis was found to predict Hcy levels best.

Conclusion
In conclusion, young female BPD patients with no history of CVD show higher, though non-pathological, Hcy levels compared to healthy controls. Our findings seem to support the assumption that BPD is associated with increased risk of CVD, and that Hcy could serve as potential marker for risk evaluation of midlife CVD in BPD patients.
The non-linear nature of the cost of comprehensibility
Authors: Goethals Sofie , Martens David , Evgeniou Theodoros 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA key challenge in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been the potential trade-off between the accuracy and comprehensibility of machine learning models, as that also relates to their safe and trusted adoption. While there has been a lot of talk about this trade-off, there is no systematic study that assesses to what extent it exists, how often it occurs, and for what types of datasets. Based on the analysis of 90 benchmark classification datasets, we find that this trade-off exists for most (69%) of the datasets, but that somewhat surprisingly for the majority of cases it is rather small while for only a few it is very large. Comprehensibility can be enhanced by adding yet another algorithmic step, that of surrogate modelling using so-called ‘explainable’ models. Such models can improve the accuracy-comprehensibility trade-off, especially in cases where the black box was initially better. Finally, we find that dataset characteristics related to the complexity required to model the dataset, and the level of noise, can significantly explain this trade-off and thus the cost of comprehensibility. These insights lead to specific guidelines on how and when to apply AI algorithms when comprehensibility is required.
Machine learning-based turbulence-risk prediction method for the safe operation of aircrafts
Authors: Mizuno Shinya , Ohba Haruka , Ito Koji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study has proposed a method for detecting turbulence, a primary factor that influences safe aircraft operation. The number of observed turbulence events is limited, thereby indicating the requirement of an appropriate flow for detecting turbulence events from a small number of samples. In addition, the opinions and experiences of pilots must be reflected at the initial stage to address the high risk of turbulence occurrence, which can result in airline operations being cancelled. Thus, this study proposed a method for predicting turbulence occurrence based on the turbulence occurrence date information provided by airlines as well as meteorological data sets obtained from open data available in Japan as teacher data. However, because commonly used machine learning methods are unable to detect the turbulence occurrence date, the proposed method employed principal component analysis coupled with the K-Means method to generate risk clusters with a high likelihood of turbulence occurrence and consequently perform statistical checks. Subsequently, the risk clusters were utilized as supervisory data for turbulence occurrence, while the support vector machine was used for predicting turbulence occurrence. Furthermore, the results obtained with the proposed method were statistically checked as well as practically verified by a pilot to confirm the appropriateness of the turbulence occurrence date predicted.
Single-step acid-catalyzed synthesis of luminescent colloidal organosilica nanobeads
Authors: Baipaywad Phornsawat , Hong Seong Vin , Kim Jong Bae , Hwang Jangsun , Choi Jonghoon , Park Hansoo , Paik Taejong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a single-step, room-temperature synthesis of fluorescent organosilica nanobeads (FOS NBs). The FOS NBs were synthesized under aqueous conditions using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) as the silicon source in the presence of l-ascorbic acid (L-AA). In the APTES/L-AA/water ternary phase, the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of APTES occurred under acidic conditions to form spherical FOS NBs with an average diameter of 426.8 nm. FOS NBs exhibit excellent colloidal stability in aqueous media. The formation of FOS NBs was complete within a 10 min reaction time, which indicates potential for large-scale mass-production synthesis of luminescent colloidal NBs. The FOS NBs exhibited blue photoluminescence (PL) under UV excitation in the absence of an additional high temperature calcination process or with the incorporation of any fluorophores. This phenomenon is attributed to the presence of carbon-containing defects, which act as luminescent centers formed by the reaction between amino groups in the APTES and l-ascorbic acid reductant. Finally, the results of a cytotoxicity test and cellular uptake experiments revealed that the FOS NBs showed potential as optical contrast agents for bioimaging.
Graphical Abstract
Surface and aloft NO2 pollution over the greater Tokyo area observed by ground-based and MAX-DOAS measurements bridged by kilometer-scale regional air quality modeling
Authors: Itahashi Syuichi , Irie Hitoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo advance our understanding of surface and aloft nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution, this study extensively evaluated NO2 concentrations simulated by the regional air quality modeling system with a 1.3 km horizontal grid resolution using the Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System ground-based observation network and aloft measurements by multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) over the greater Tokyo area. Observations are usually limited to the surface level, and gaps remain in our understanding of the behavior of air pollutants above the near-surface layer, particularly within the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Therefore, MAX-DOAS measurement was used, which observes scattered sunlight in the ultraviolet/visible range at several elevation angles between the horizon and zenith to determine the aloft NO2 pollution averaged over 0–1 km. In total, four MAX-DOAS measurement systems at Chiba University (35.63°N, 140.10°E) systematically covered the north, east, west, and south directions to capture the aloft NO2 pollution over the greater Tokyo area. The target period was Chiba-Campaign 2015 conducted during 9–23 November 2015. The evaluations showed that the air quality modeling system can generally capture the observed behavior of both surface and aloft NO2 pollution in terms of spatial and temporal coverage. The diurnal variation, which typically showed an increase from evening to early morning without daylight and a decrease during the daytime, was also captured by the model. During Chiba-Campaign 2015, two cases of episodic higher NO2 concentration were identified: one during the nighttime and another during the daytime as different diurnal patterns. These were related to a stagnant wind field, with the latter also connected to a lower PBL height in cloudy conditions. Comparison of the modeled daily-averaged surface and aloft NO2 concentrations showed that aloft NO2 concentration exhibited a strong linear correlation with surface NO2 concentration, with the aloft (0–1 km) value scaled to 0.4–0.5-fold the surface value, irrespective of whether the day was clean or polluted. This scaling value was lower during the nighttime and higher during the daytime. Based on this synergetic analysis of surface and aloft observation bridged by a kilometer-scale fine-resolution modeling simulation, this study contributes to fostering understanding of aloft NO2 pollution.