bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of wildfire and mammal carcasses on beetle emergence from heathland soils
Authors: Feng Lanya , Lysakowski Bartosz , Eisenschmidt Jenny , Birkhofer Klaus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWildfires alter the composition of insect communities due to fire‐induced mortality, and the post‐fire vegetation and soil conditions also affect the initial re‐colonisation and subsequent local emergence of adults from burnt soils. However, the impact of wildfires on re‐colonisation and emergence of carrion‐associated scavenging species from soils has previously been neglected.We established an experiment in an unmanaged heathland area that was affected by a severe wildfire in 2017 by adding wild boar carcasses to burnt and unburnt areas 204 days after the wildfire. Adult beetles were then collected with emergence tents at paired sites with and without carcasses and in burnt and unburnt areas from 27 April to 10 August 2018.The wildfire did not significantly affect the diversity or abundance of soil‐emerging beetles. Community composition in the burnt area differed significantly from the unburnt area with higher numbers of Staphylinidae and lower numbers of phytophagous beetle families (Curculionidae and Elateridae) emerging from soils, probably reflecting the structurally simpler vegetation and reduced litter one year after the wildfire.Scavenging beetles generally colonise mammal carcasses in burnt areas to the same extent as in unburnt areas, but the post‐fire conditions favoured some species with very specialised habitat preferences. A few rare species of conservation concern almost exclusively occurred in the burnt area and in most cases in combination with the presence of a carcass. This result highlights the joint importance of heathland wildfires and carcass resources for species conservation in beetle communities.
Effects of quantity and rheological properties of glutenin macropolymer on the physical properties of extruded noodles made from flour mill streams
Authors: Hu Chongxue , Zhang Yingquan , Don Clyde , Zhang Bo , Guo Boli 
Published: June 2022

SummaryFour extruded noodles with same variety wheat flour mill streams (FMS) from the centre to the outer layer of the endosperm and 1 round or 3 rounds of extrusion have different quantity and rheological properties of glutenin macropolymer (GMP). The results showed that the GMP content and the G' plateau value of GMP‐gel of the extruded noodles were 0.074 ~ 0.093 [g/(g noodle)] and 575 ~ 1895 Pa, respectively. Meanwhile, the freezing water content, the cooking loss, the textural hardness and the springiness of the extruded noodles were 11.4 ~ 19.5 [g/(100 g water)], 1.7 ~ 2.0 [g/(100 g water‐insoluble noodle)], 5378 ~ 6112 g and 83.4 ~ 90.8%, respectively. Compared to 1 round, extruded noodle with 3 rounds extrusions had slowly decreasing G' with strain increasing, a significantly low freezing water content and cooking loss (P < 0.05) and high hardness. Extruded noodle with high G' in GMP‐gel had relatively high springiness.
Overtime or fragmentation? Family transactions and working time during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: CLOUET Hadrien 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhat changes affected the working time of employees required to work from home by the 2020 French health measures? Drawing on a qualitative survey of a municipal water company, based on interviews, direct observations, and questionnaires, the author shows how telework prompted by the COVID‐19 pandemic restructured working time and redistributed the power of regulation. During lockdown periods, working hours were extended and work rhythms changed, with considerable variation depending on the family configuration: confinement with family was not conducive to extended working hours, instead tending to fragment them, whereas isolated teleworkers experienced the opposite effect.
Deconvoluting interrelationships between low‐energy vibrational modes and elastic properties in CaO–Al2O3 glasses
Authors: Nasikas Nektarios K. , Kalampounias Angelos G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBy employing a nonconventional melting technique, namely, the aerodynamic levitation combined with CO2 laser melting, we have been able to synthesize a series of glasses in the binary system xCaO − (1 − x)Al2O3, (x = 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, and 0.80). Utilizing Raman spectroscopy, we have systematically followed the compositionally induced spectral changes in the low‐frequency regime of the spectra, the so‐called Boson Peak (BP) region, and unraveled interesting interrelationships between the low‐energy vibrational modes and the elastic properties of calcium aluminate (CA) glasses. It was found that the BP frequency is not only systematically dependent on altering CaO content by exhibiting a minimum close to the eutectic composition. Interestingly, the above‐mentioned compositional dependence of the BP, which is exhibited in the shift of the BP frequency versus the altering CaO content, is also strongly correlated with its elastic properties and seems to follow similar patterns for the binary CA glassy system. The above observations point toward the estimation that the eutectic point can serve as a strong indicator for various physicochemical phenomena taking place in the solid–liquid transition and thus provide new insights in an effort to deconvolute the ambiguous interrelationships occurring in the low vibrational frequency regime of these glasses.
HbA1c measurement may save COVID‐19 inpatients from overlooked diabetes
Authors: Yoroidaka Ayaka , Kurita Seiichiro , Kita Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionTo investigate overlooked diabetes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).Materials and MethodsIn total, 462 COVID‐19 inpatients were included in this retrospective study. The presence of diabetes before COVID‐19 admission, and the HbA1c and blood glucose levels at admission were examined.ResultsOf the 462 patients, 116 had diabetes. Seventy‐six patients had been diagnosed with diabetes before COVID‐19 admission, and 40 patients were diagnosed for the first time. Of the patients with diabetes 72% required insulin. Patients with diabetes were significantly (P < 0.05) older, more likely to be male, heavier, and showed a lower eGFR. Patients with overlooked diabetes showed a lower HbA1c (average 7.1% vs 7.5%), a lower casual blood glucose (average 157 vs 179 mg/dL), and they used less insulin per day during hospitalization (average 16.0 units vs 34.5 units) than patients with previously diagnosed diabetes. Patients with overlooked diabetes tended to have more severe COVID‐19 than those with pre‐diagnosed diabetes. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that the increased odds ratios (ORs) of aggravation in all patients with COVID‐19 were associated with age [OR 1.04], BMI [OR 1.05], and diabetes [OR 2.15]. The risk factors for aggravation in patients with COVID‐19 and diabetes were age [OR 1.05] and HbA1c [OR 1.45].ConclusionsDiabetes is a predictor of COVID‐19 aggravation. Furthermore, in COVID‐19 patients with diabetes, high HbA1c levels are a risk factor for severe COVID‐19. A total of 8.7% of COVID‐19 inpatients were diagnosed with diabetes after HbA1c was measured on admission. Therefore, it is important to measure HbA1c in COVID‐19 patients.
Plasma protein biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and differentiation from small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Thiis‐Evensen Espen , Kjellman Magnus , Knigge Ulrich , Gronbaek Henning , Schalin‐Jäntti Camilla , Welin Staffan , Sorbye Halfdan , del Pilar Schneider Maria , Belusa Roger ,   The Nordic NET Biomarker Group
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is an unmet need for novel biomarkers to diagnose and monitor patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms. The EXPLAIN study explores a multi‐plasma protein and supervised machine learning strategy to improve the diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) and differentiate them from small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI‐NET). At time of diagnosis, blood samples were collected and analyzed from 39 patients with PanNET, 135 with SI‐NET (World Health Organization Grade 1–2) and 144 controls. Exclusion criteria were other malignant diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, reduced kidney or liver function. Prosed Oncology‐II (i.e., OLink) was used to measure 92 cancer related plasma proteins. Chromogranin A was analyzed separately. Median age in all groups was 65–67 years and with a similar sex distribution (females: PanNET, 51%; SI‐NET, 42%; controls, 42%). Tumor grade (G1/G2): PanNET, 39/61%; SI‐NET, 46/54%. Patients with liver metastases: PanNET, 78%; SI‐NET, 63%. The classification model of PanNET versus controls provided a sensitivity (SEN) of 0.84, specificity (SPE) 0.98, positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.92 and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.95, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.99; the model for the discrimination of PanNET versus SI‐NET providing a SEN 0.61, SPE 0.96, PPV 0.83, NPV 0.90 and AUROC 0.98. These results suggest that a multi‐plasma protein strategy can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy of PanNET and SI‐NET.
Commodity Financialization and Information Transmission
Authors: GOLDSTEIN ITAY , YANG LIYAN 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTWe provide a model to understand the effects of commodity futures financialization on various market variables. We distinguish between financial speculators and financial hedgers and study their separate and combined effects on the informativeness of futures prices, the futures price bias, the comovement of futures prices with other markets, and the predictiveness of financial trading. We capture the interactions between commodity futures financialization and the real economy through spot prices and production decisions. A dynamic extension illustrates how key variables change over time in a period of acute financialization in a way that is consistent with observed empirical patterns.
Polycythemia in dogs with chronic hypoxic pulmonary disease
Authors: Holopainen Saila , Laurila Henna P. , Lappalainen Anu K. , Rajamäki Minna M. , Viitanen Sanna J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundProlonged tissue hypoxia caused by chronic pulmonary disease is commonly regarded as an important mechanism in the development of secondary polycythemia, but little clinical data are available to support this hypothesis.ObjectiveTo study the prevalence and severity of erythrocytosis accompanying chronic hypoxic pulmonary disease in dogs.AnimalsForty‐seven dogs with hypoxic chronic pulmonary disease, 27 dogs with nonhypoxic chronic pulmonary disease, and 60 healthy controls.MethodsDogs with chronic pulmonary disease and chronic hypoxemia (partial pressure of arterial oxygen [PaO2] < 80 mm Hg on at least 2 arterial blood gas measurements a minimum of 1 month apart) were identified retrospectively from patient records. Association between arterial oxygen and red blood cell parameters was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression analysis.ResultsRed blood cell parameters measured at the end of the hypoxemia period were within the laboratory reference range in most dogs. In chronically hypoxemic dogs, hematocrit (Hct) was increased in 4/47 (8.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0‐17) dogs, erythrocyte count (Erytr) was increased in 12/47 (26%; 95%CI, 13‐38) dogs and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) was increased in 3/47 (6.4%; 95%CI, 0‐14) dogs. No marked polycythemia (Hct ≥65%) was noted in any of the dogs. Red blood cell parameters were not associated with the severity of hypoxemia (correlation to PaO2: Erytr, r = −.14; Hb, r = −.21; Hct, r = −.14; P > .05 for all).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePolycythemia is uncommon, and usually mild if present, in dogs with chronic hypoxia caused by pulmonary disease.
Effect of station format on the psychometric properties of Multiple Mini Interviews
Authors: Renaud Jean‐Sébastien , Bourget Martine , St‐Onge Christina , Eva Kevin W. , Tavares Walter , Salvador Loye Alexis , Leduc Jean‐Michel , Homer Matt 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGiven the widespread use of Multiple Mini Interviews (MMIs), their impact on the selection of candidates and the considerable resources invested in preparing and administering them, it is essential to ensure their quality. Given the variety of station formats used and the degree to which that factor resides in the control of training programmes that we know so little about, format's effect on MMI quality is a considerable oversight. This study assessed the effect of two popular station formats (interview vs. role‐play) on the psychometric properties of MMIs.MethodsWe analysed candidate data from the first 8 years of the Integrated French MMIs (IF‐MMI) (2010–2017, n = 11 761 applicants), an MMI organised yearly by three francophone universities and administered at four testing sites located in two Canadian provinces. There were 84 role‐play and 96 interview stations administered, totalling 180 stations. Mixed design analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to test the effect of station format on candidates' scores and stations' discrimination. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for interview and role‐play stations were also compared. Predictive validity of both station formats was estimated with a mixed multiple linear regression model testing the relation between interview and role‐play scores with average clerkship performance for those who gained entry to medical school (n = 462).ResultsRole‐play stations (M = 20.67, standard deviation [SD] = 3.38) had a slightly lower mean score than interview stations (M = 21.36, SD = 3.08), p < 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.2. The correlation between role‐play and interview stations scores was r = 0.5 (p < 0.01). Discrimination coefficients, Cronbach's alpha and predictive validity statistics did not vary by station format.ConclusionInterview and role‐play stations have comparable psychometric properties, suggesting format to be interchangeable. Programmes should select station format based on match to the personal qualities for which they are trying to select.
Seasonal changes in testis size, testosterone levels and sperm production quality in meat rams
Authors: Aibazov Magomet , Trukhachev Vladimir , Selionova Marina , Malorodov Viktor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate seasonal changes in testes size, serum testosterone (T) levels and sperm production characteristics of 24 adult (2–3 years old) rams of meat breeds: Charollais (n = 6), Ile de France (n = 6), Dorset (Polled) (n = 5) and Dorper (Dorper, n = 7). Semen was collected with artificial vagina using a female in spontaneous oestrus (September–November, breeding season, BS) or a female with induced oestrus (March–July, non‐breeding season, NBS). A total of 672 ejaculates were examined. Jugular vein blood was collected to determine testosterone levels during BS and NBS, and serum was extracted. Results of the present study indicate that there was no significant change in parameters such as body weight (kg) and testes length, both right and left, during BS and NBS, irrespective of the breed. The remaining metrics of testes differ in varying degrees between breeds of rams (with the exception of the Dorper breed) between BS and NBS. No significant variation in these parameters was found in Dorper rams. For all breeds, season had a statistically significant effect on important parameters such as total sperm count and progressive sperm motility after thawing. There was also significant seasonal variation in ejaculate volume across the three breeds, excluding il‐de‐France rams. The most constant was the sperm concentration, which was unchanged in BS and NBS in the three breeds, excluding Dorset rams, which showed a slightly significant decrease in this indicator in the non‐breeding season. The serum content of the major male hormone testosterone (T) in rams of all breeds showed significant changes between BS and NBS, decreasing by a highly significant amount in the non‐breeding season.
Antenatal Doppler screening for fetuses at risk of adverse outcomes: a multicountry cohort study of the prevalence of abnormal resistance index in low-risk pregnant women
Authors: Vannevel Valerie , Vogel Joshua P , Pattinson Robert C , Adanu Richard , Charantimath Umesh , Goudar Shivaprasad S , Gwako George , Kavi Avinash , Maya Ernest , Osoti Alfred , Pujar Yeshita , Qureshi Zahida P , Rulisa Stephen , Botha Tanita , Oladapo Olufemi T 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionFew interventions exist to address the high burden of stillbirths in apparently healthy pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To establish whether a trial on the impact of routine Doppler screening in a low-risk obstetric population is warranted, we determined the prevalence of abnormal fetal umbilical artery resistance indices among low-risk pregnant women using a low-cost Doppler device in five LMICs.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre, prospective cohort study in Ghana, India, Kenya, Rwanda and South Africa. Trained nurses or midwives performed a single, continuous-wave Doppler screening using the Umbiflow device for low-risk pregnant women (according to local guidelines) between 28 and 34 weeks’ gestation. We assessed the prevalence of abnormal (raised) resistance index (RI), including absent end diastolic flow (AEDF), and compared pregnancy and health service utilisation outcomes between women with abnormal RI versus those with normal RI.ResultsOf 7151 women screened, 495 (6.9%) had an abnormal RI, including 14 (0.2%) with AEDF. Caesarean section (40.8% vs 28.1%), labour induction (20.5% vs 9.0%) and low birth weight (<2500 g) (15.0% vs 6.8%) were significantly more frequent among women with abnormal RI compared with women with normal RI. Abnormal RI was associated with lower birth weights across all weight centiles. Stillbirth and perinatal mortality rates were similar between women with normal and abnormal RI.ConclusionA single Doppler screening of low-risk pregnant women in LMICs using the Umbiflow device can detect a large number of fetuses at risk of growth restriction and consequent adverse perinatal outcomes. Many perinatal deaths could potentially be averted with appropriate intervention strategies.Trial registration numberCTRI/2018/07/01486.
Impact of pharmacist-led educational intervention on knowledge of self-management among asthmatic patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Saleem Shahzadi Sidra , Khan Amjad , Aman Rubina , Saleem Shahzadi Sadia , Bibi Ayesha , Ahmad Nafees , Mushtaq Saima , Mehsud Saifullah , Green Ivan R , Rashid Sheikh Abdur , Khan Ahmad , Shah Kifayat Ullah 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesPoor control of asthma in the majority of patients could be partly due to their lack of knowledge concerning disease management, its triggering agents and when to seek advice from the healthcare provider. This study aims to assess the impact of pharmacist-led educational intervention on knowledge of self-management among asthmatic patients.DesignA pre–post cohort study.SettingOutpatient department of a tertiary care hospital affiliated with Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan.ParticipantsApproximately 265 adult asthmatic patients selected through a spirometry process, aged ≥18 years, were approached. 240 patients gave consent to participate in the study and were divided into control and treatment groups.InterventionsThe educational intervention consisted of individual patient counselling using educational material with time varied according to each patient’s comprehension and previous knowledge.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAssessment consisted of a 14-item Asthma Self-Management Knowledge Questionnaire (ASMQ) quantifying a patient’s self-management knowledge through an ASMQ score and its change following an educational intervention.ResultsDisease self-management knowledge was low with an average raw ASMQ score of 4.1 (max 14); which equates to a transformed score of 29.34 (max 100) and the proportion of patients who correctly answered more than 50% of questions were 16.7% preintervention. More than half of the participants (55%) did not know that asthma cannot be cured. The administration of educational intervention protocols resulted in significantly improved level of knowledge of asthma self-management (<0.001) in the treatment group (mean ASMQ score improved from 4.20 to 9.77).ConclusionOn baseline visit, patients possessed a poor knowledge about asthma self-management. Educational intervention protocols had a positive impact on improving patients’ knowledge about disease self-management. This would suggest that education and self-management skills should be seen as an integral component of asthma management and should be incorporated in structured patient care to achieve optimal asthma control.
Can incentives improve antipsychotic adherence in major mental illness? A mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Hodson Nathan , Majid Madiha , Vlaev Ivo , Singh Swaran Preet 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesIncentives have been effectively used in several healthcare contexts. This systematic review aimed to ascertain whether incentives can improve antipsychotic adherence, what ethical and practical issues arise and whether existing evidence resolves these issues.DesignSystematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Searches on 13 January 2021 (no start date) found papers on incentives for antipsychotics. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, qualitative research and ethical analyses were included. Papers measuring impact on adherence were synthesised, then a typology of ethical and policy issues was compiled, finally the empirical literature was compared with this typology to describe current evidence and identify remaining research questions.Results26 papers were included. 2 RCTs used contingent financial incentives for long-acting injectable antipsychotic preparations. Over 12 months, there were significantly larger increases in adherence among the intervention groups versus control groups in both RCTs. There were no consistently positive secondary outcomes. 39 ethical and practical issues were identified. 12 of these are amenable to empirical study but have not been researched and for 7 the current evidence is mixed.ConclusionsIn keeping with other areas of healthcare, antipsychotic adherence can be increased with financial incentives. Payments of 2.5 times minimum wage changed behaviour. The typology of issues reported in this systematic review provides a template for future policy and ethical analysis. The persistence of the effect and the impact of incentives on intrinsic motivation require further research.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020222702.