bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discitis due to late-onset mesh infection 14 years after inguinal hernia repair: a case report
Authors: Maeda Chiyo , Kato Kai , Yamada Saki , Tanaka Mariko , Sujishi Ken , Sato Ryohei , Takanashi Shuichiro , Waseda Masahiro , Suzuki Tetsutaro , Ishida Yasuo , Kasahara Fumiko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Mesh infection after inguinal hernia repair is a very rare complication. The incidence of late-onset mesh infection is approximately 0.1–0.2% of total hernia repair cases and can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly. Here, we report a rare case of discitis due to late-onset mesh infection, occurring 14 years after an inguinal hernia repair.

Case presentation
An 89-year-old man was brought to our hospital with right-sided abdominal pain and signs of hypoglycemia. He had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and had undergone inguinal hernia repair 14 years ago. Upon admission, laboratory tests revealed no elevated inflammatory markers. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a peri-appendicular abscess. Although the patient was administered empiric antibiotics, on day 3 of admission, his white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels increased to 38,000/µl and 28 mg/dl, respectively. CT-guided drainage was attempted but was not successful. Escherichia coli was detected in both blood culture collections. On day 7 of admission, the patient complained of back pain; CT on day 10 revealed a peri-appendicular abscess with a soft tissue shadow anterior to the thoracic vertebrae at the 8th/9th level. Thoracic discitis, due to bacteremia originating from the mesh abscess, was suspected. We surgically resected the appendix, followed by removal of the plug and mesh abscess. The post-operative course of the patient was uneventful. For treating discitis, it is known that antibiotic therapy is required for a minimum of 6 weeks. Therefore, on the 30th day post-surgery, the patient was transferred to the orthopedic ward for continued treatment.

Conclusions
This report discusses a rare case of late-onset mesh infection leading to thoracic discitis. Since late-onset mesh infection cannot be treated solely with antibiotics, expeditious surgery should be selected when subcutaneous drainage fails. When an immunocompromised patient with bacteremia has a complaint of back pain, purulent spinal discitis should also be suspected.
Seven new records of bee flies (Bombyliidae, Diptera) from Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Hawagry Magdi , Al-Khalaf Areej A. , Soliman Ahmed M. , Abdel-Dayem Mahmoud S. , Al Dhafer Hathal M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Bombyliidae (bee flies) are one of the largest dipterous families in Saudi Arabia with 116 hitherto recorded species. Larvae of these flies are predators or parasitoids of different stages of other insects in the orders Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, in addition to spiders (order Araneae, class Arachnida), so they have potential use as biological control agents for pests belonging to these orders.

Results
In the present study, the list of Saudi Arabian fauna of bee flies (family Bombyliidae) is supplemented with seven new records in five genera and four subfamilies. The newly recorded species are Parageron lutescens (Bezzi, 1925) [Usiinae], Phthiria salmayensis Efflatoun, 1945 [Phthiriinae], Heterotropus bisglaucus Bezzi, 1925, Heterotropus maculiventris Bezzi, 1925, Heterotropus xanthothorax Efflatoun, 1945 [Heterotropinae], Anthrax greatheadi El-Hawagry, 1999, and Desmatoneura brevipennis (Bezzi, 1924) [Anthracinae]. World and local distributions of recorded species, diagnoses, remarks on feeding behaviors and some colored photographs were provided.

Conclusion
The present study supplements the bee fly fauna (family Bombyliidae) in Saudi Arabia with seven new records. This brings the total number of bee fly species in the country into 123 species classified in 40 genera, 12 tribes and 10 subfamilies.
A comprehensive review on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) as a gold mine of functional bioactive components for therapeutic foods
Authors: Gayathry K. S. , John Jenny Ann 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBitter gourd is a tropical wine grown mainly in India, China and South East Asia. The plant is cultivated mainly for its fruit part which is edible. Bitter gourd is unaccepted widely due to its bitter taste. Nevertheless, the fruit is a source of several key nutrients. The plant, as a whole contains, more than 60 phyto-medicines that are active against more than 30 diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Currently, the incorporation of the bioactive compounds isolated from bitter gourd into functional foods and beverages finds a new horizon. Nanoencapsulation and novel green extraction methods can be employed to improve the yield and quality of extracted compounds and their stability while incorporation into food products. The present review is an attempt to throw light to nutritional aspects, various bioactive compounds present and important nutraceutical properties of the bitter gourd plant in detail.
Graphical Abstract
Utility of Homologous Recombination Deficiency Biomarkers Across Cancer Types
Authors: Takamatsu Shiro , Brown J.B. , Yamaguchi Ken , Hamanishi Junzo , Yamanoi Koji , Takaya Hisamitsu , Kaneyasu Tomoko , Mori Seiichi , Mandai Masaki , Matsumura Noriomi 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE Homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency (HRD) is associated with sensitivity to platinum and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in certain cancer types, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate. In these cancers, BRCA1/ 2 alterations and genomic scar signatures are useful indicators for assessing HRD. However, alterations in other homologous recombination repair (HRR)-related genes and their clinical significance in other cancer types have not been adequately and systematically investigated. METHODS We obtained data sets of all solid tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas and comprehensively analyzed HRR pathway gene alterations, their loss-of-heterozygosity status, per-sample genomic scar scores, ie, the HRD score and mutational signature 3 ratio, DNA methylation profiles, gene expression profiles, somatic TP53 mutations, sex, and clinical information including chemotherapeutic regimens. RESULTS Biallelic alterations in HRR genes other than BRCA1/ 2 were also associated with elevated genomic scar scores. The association between HRR-related gene alterations and genomic scar scores differed significantly by sex and the presence of somatic TP53 mutations. HRD cases determined by a combination of these indices also showed HRD features in gene expression analysis and were associated with better survival when treated with DNA-damaging agents. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the usefulness of HRD analysis in all cancer types, improves chemotherapy decision making and its efficacy in clinical settings, and represents a substantial advancement in precision oncology.
The long non-coding RNA MEG8 induces an endothelial barrier through regulation of microRNA-370 and -494 processing
Authors: Kremer Veerle , Stanicek Laura , van Ingen Eva , Bink Diewertje I. , Hilderink Sarah , Tijsen Anke J. , Wittig Ilka , Mägdefessel Lars , Nossent Anne Yaël , Boon Reinier A. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The 14q32 locus is an imprinted region in the human genome which contains multiple non-coding RNAs. We investigated the role of the long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 8 (MEG8) in endothelial function and its underlying mechanism. A 5-fold increase in MEG8 was observed with increased passage number in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), suggesting MEG8 is induced during aging. MEG8 knockdown resulted in a 1.8-fold increase in senescence, suggesting MEG8 might be protective during aging. The endothelial barrier was also impaired after MEG8 silencing. MEG8 knockdown resulted in reduced expression of microRNA (miRNA)-370 and -494 but not -127, -487b and -410. Overexpression of miRNA-370 or -494 partially rescued the MEG8-silencing-induced barrier loss. Mechanistically, MEG8 regulates expression of miRNA-370 and -494 at the mature miRNA level through interaction with the RNA-binding proteins cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multi-enzyme complex subunit β (HADHB). Mature miRNA-370 and miRNA-494 were found to interact with CIRBP, whereas precursor miRNA-370 and miRNA-494 were found to interact with HADHB. Individual CIRBP and HADHB silencing resulted in downregulation of miRNA-370 and induction of miRNA-494. These results suggest MEG8 interacts with CIRBP and HADHB and contributes to miRNA processing at the post-transcriptional level.
The HERITAGE Family Study: A Review of the Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiometabolic Health, with Insights into Molecular Transducers
Authors: SARZYNSKI MARK A. , RICE TREVA K. , DESPRÉS JEAN-PIERRE , PÉRUSSE LOUIS , TREMBLAY ANGELO , STANFORTH PHILIP R. , TCHERNOF ANDRÉ , BARBER JACOB L. , FALCIANI FRANCESCO , CLISH CLARY , ROBBINS JEREMY M. , GHOSH SUJOY , GERSZTEN ROBERT E. , LEON ARTHUR S. , SKINNER JAMES S. , RAO D. C. , BOUCHARD CLAUDE 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

The aim of the HERITAGE Family Study was to investigate individual differences in response to a standardized endurance exercise program, the role of familial aggregation, and the genetics of response levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. Here we summarize the findings and their potential implications for cardiometabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness. It begins with overviews of background and planning, recruitment, testing and exercise program protocol, quality control measures, and other relevant organizational issues. A summary of findings is then provided on cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise hemodynamics, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, adiposity and abdominal visceral fat, blood levels of steroids and other hormones, markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle morphology and metabolic indicators, and resting metabolic rate. These summaries document the extent of the individual differences in response to a standardized and fully monitored endurance exercise program and document the importance of familial aggregation and heritability level for exercise response traits. Findings from genomic markers, muscle gene expression studies, and proteomic and metabolomics explorations are reviewed, along with lessons learned from a bioinformatics-driven analysis pipeline. The new opportunities being pursued in integrative -omics and physiology have extended considerably the expected life of HERITAGE and are being discussed in relation to the original conceptual model of the study.
Diagnostic test accuracies of F-18 FDG PET for characterisation of cardiac masses compared to conventional imaging techniques: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Keunyoung , Ko Woo Seog , Kim Seong-Jang 
Published: May 2022

Objective: The present systematic review and meta-analysis compared the diagnostic performance of F-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and conventional imaging, including MRI, echocardiography, and CT, in characterising cardiac masses. Methods: A literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases for studies comparing the diagnostic accuracies of 18F-FDG PET and conventional imaging in characterising cardiac masses, from inception of indexing to 31 July 2020, was performed. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool was used to assess study quality. Sensitivity and specificity across the studies were determined, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-, respectively) were calculated, and summary receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed. Results: Of six included studies (n = 212 patients), 18F-FDG PET demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–0.94) and a pooled specificity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.80–0.94). LR syntheses yielded an overall LR+ of 7.9 (95% CI 4.3–14.6) and LR- of 0.12 (95% CI 0.07–0.22). The calculated pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 64 (95% CI 23–181). For conventional imaging, the pooled sensitivity was 0.70 (95% CI 0.57–0.81) and the pooled specificity was 0.96 (95% CI 0.88–0.98). LR syntheses yielded an overall LR+ of 16.1 (95% CI 5.8–44.5) and LR- of 0.31 (95% CI 0.21–0.46). The evaluated pooled DOR was 52 (95% CI 17–155). Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET and conventional imaging demonstrated comparable diagnostic accuracies for the characterisation of cardiac masses. Further large multicentre studies are, however, required to corroborate the diagnostic performances of 18F-FDG PET and conventional imaging for the characterisation of cardiac masses. Advances in knowledge: No previous studies have comprehensively analysed the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT compared with conventional imaging techniques including echocardiography, CT, and MRI. According to the current study, 18F-FDG PET/CT yielded a pooled DOR of 64, whereas other conventional imaging techniques demonstrated a DOR of 52. As such, 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated sensitivity and specificity, with a high pooled DOR comparable with other conventional imaging modalities.
Nomogram based on ultrasound radiomics score and clinical variables for predicting histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Yao Fei , Ding Jie , Lin Feng , Xu Xiaomin , Jiang Qi , Zhang Li , Fu Yanqi , Yang Yunjun , Lan Li 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of death in gynecological tumors, and its most common type is epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). This study aimed to establish a radiomics signature based on ultrasound images to predict the histopathological types of EOC.

Methods:
Overall, 265 patients with EOC who underwent preoperative ultrasonography and surgery were eligible. They were randomly sorted into two cohorts (training cohort: test cohort = 7:3). We outlined the region of interest of the tumor on the ultrasound images of the lesion. Then, the radiomics features were extracted. Clinical, Rad-score and combined models were constructed based on the least absolute shrinkage, selection operator, and logistic regression analysis. The performance of the models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). A nomogram was formulated based on the combined prediction model.

Results:
The combined model had good performance in predicting EOC histopathological types, with an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77–0.90) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.93) in the training and test cohorts, respectively. The calibration curves showed that the nomogram estimation was consistent with the actual observations. DCA also verified the clinical value of the combined model.

Conclusions:
The combined model containing clinical and ultrasound radiomics features showed an excellent performance in predicting type I and type II EOC.

Advances in knowledge:
This study presents the first application of ultrasound radiomics features to distinguish EOC histopathological types. The proposed clinical-radiomics nomogram could help gynecologists non-invasively identify EOC types before surgery.
Behavioural patterns of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of the effects of active transportation, uninterrupted sitting time, and screen use on physical activity and sitting time
Authors: Marchant Gonzalo , Chevance Guillaume , Ladino Andrés , Lefèvre Brice , Jacquemond Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

Background: The closure of universities due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may alter the behaviour of students. This study aimed to determine the effect of the pandemic on physical activity and sitting time in French students prior to confinement and during confinement. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on data collected via an online questionnaire for university students during the second confinement in France (between October and December 2020). Participants (N= 2873) completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, which assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and contained questions about modes of transport, and perception of uninterrupted sitting time and screen time prior to confinement and during confinement. Multiple regression models assessed how active transportation, uninterrupted sitting time, and screen time studying increased or reduced confinement effects on physical activity and sitting time. Results: The regression models showed that physical activity decreased during confinement for students who engaged in more prolonged periods of active transportation prior to confinement. Moreover, the perception of long, uninterrupted sitting time and high screen time prior to confinement significantly increased sitting time during confinement. Students who adopted the most active transport time prior to confinement were the least likely to increase their screen time during confinement. Conclusions: Confinement reduced physical activity levels and increased sitting time, mainly among students who adopted active transport and accumulated longer uninterrupted sitting time. Students who combined-long periods of uninterrupted sitting time with high screen use could be a riskier profile for health. Analysis of physical activity time and sitting position should include its accumulation patterns.
Comparison between the effects of older versus newer generations of antiepileptic drugs on bone metabolism in adult Iraqi patients: an observational study
Authors: Jafer Muhammad Sara , H Ali Shatha , G. Shareef Laith 
Published: May 2022

Background:Metabolic bone disorder is a significant endocrine system disorder that encompasses any disorder that alters the natural skeleton's mineralization process. Epilepsy is a prevalent central nervous system disorder that can cause biochemical abnormalities involving bone metabolism in the epileptic patients. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic use of older compared to the newer generations of antiepileptic drugs on bone metabolism-related biomarkers.Methods:The study included fifty-one epileptic outpatients who attended the Consultation Clinic of Baghdad Teaching Hospital at the Medical City Complex from October/2021 to December/2021. The selected patients were on antiepileptic drugs for more than 2 years, hence were grouped according to their antiepileptic therapy into: Group-1: 24 epileptic patients on old antiepileptic drugs (Carbamazepine or Valproate). Group-2: 27 epileptic patients on new antiepileptic drugs (Levetiracetam), compared with Group-3: 28 healthy control subjects. Serum was obtained from their blood specimens to measure: calcium and inorganic phosphate by colorimetric assays, parathyroid hormone, and level of bone alkaline phosphatase activity.Results:Data analysis revealed that the median value of serum parathyroid hormone levels was significantly elevated in the epileptic patients' groups compared to the healthy control group. However, group-2 (new generation antiepileptic drugs) presented higher values. Whereas serum calcium and inorganic phosphate levels showed non-significant variation for all the studied groups. Furthermore, serum bone alkaline phosphatase activity exhibited significantly higher values in the patients compared to the healthy subjects group, with more significant elevation among those on old generation antiepileptic drugs (Carbamazepine or Valproate).Conclusion:Epileptic individuals who had been on AEDs for more than two years had increased parathyroid hormone levels, which were boosted by the newer antiepileptic drug Levetiracetam. Furthermore, BAP serum levels were considerably greater in epileptic patients than in healthy control participants, with larger values generated by older antiepileptic medications.
T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in unexposed South African women
Authors: Nunes Marta C. , Johnson Michael J. , Kwatra Gaurav , Weinberg Adriana , Madhi Shabir A. 
Published: May 2022

Background: A potential explanation for the fact that the high rate of infection of SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa did not translate into high rates of severe illness and death may be the presence of cross-reactive immunity induced by common cold coronaviruses (CCoV). Methods: We used SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools and whole virus antigen to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected pre-2020 from South African women. Dual-colour FluoroSpot assay was used to measure interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin 2 (IL2) production. Results: Among the 97 study participants, IFNγ responses were observed in 29.9% of the women and IL2 among 39.2%. Overall, 51.6% of women demonstrated response to at least one stimulant. Conclusion: We demonstrate the presence of cross-reactive immunity to SARS-CoV-2, which might have been induced by past exposure to CCoV.
Tangrams: a simple visual tool for communicating the complexities of professionalism
Authors: Neve Hilary , Hanks Sally 
Published: May 2022

Professionalism is vital for high quality healthcare and fundamental to health profession education. It is however complex, hard to define and can be challenging to teach, learn about and assess. We describe the development and use of an innovative visual tool, using a tangram analogy, to introduce and explore core professionalism concepts, which are often troublesome for both learners and educators. These include the hidden curriculum, capability, professional identity and the difference between unprofessionalism and high professional standards. Understanding these concepts can help individuals to see professionalism differently, encourage faculty to design professionalism programmes which focus on professional excellence, support assessors to feel more confident in identifying and addressing underperformance and facilitate learners to appreciate the complexity and uncertainty inherent in professionalism and to become more alert to the hidden curriculum and its potential impact. We have used the tangram model to educate for professionalism in multiple contexts with learners and educators. Participants regularly report that it leads to a deeper understanding and important new insights around professionalism and helps them identify ways of changing their practice. We believe this approach has relevance across the health professions and suggest ways it could be further developed to explore wider professionalism issues such as reflective practice, resilience and teamworking.