bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics, reasons and patterns of Road Traffic Injuries presenting in emergency department of a tertiary care public hospital in Karachi
Authors: Muhammad Khaista , Shaikh Shiraz , Ashraf Javeria , Hayat Sikander 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To determine the main characteristics, reasons and patterns of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in a tertiary care public hospital of Karachi.
Methods: It was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted in a public tertiary care hospital emergency department with a sample size 425 selected conveniently. Participants included the consenting victims or caretaking attendants of road traffic injuries (RTIs) from 25th May to 28th June in 2019. A structured questionnaire was developed after literature review and was translated into “Urdu” language. The questionnaire collected detailed information on socio-demographic characteristics, possible reasons of RTI’s such as condition of vehicle, over speeding and breaking traffic rules. Data was analyzed by using software SPSS version 20.
Results: Almost half of RTI victims (43.1%) belonged to the age group 18-29. Majority of the victims were males (86.6%). The most common vehicle involved was motorbike (87.50%) followed by Rickshaw (6.8%) and Car (2.4%). Majority of RTIs occurred on main road (75.30%). The most common sites of injuries were lower limb (64%), upper limb (37.60%) and head (32.2%). The severe injuries were significantly more likely to happen in events in which direct collision with other vehicle/thing was involved, road conditions were wet and pedestrian were crossing the road.
Conclusion: Motorbikes were involved in majority of RTIs. Main reasons of RTIs included irresponsible road behaviors including over-speeding, careless road crossing, breaking the signal and riding on wet roads which lead to moderate to severe injuries in almost two thirds of participants
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4490
How to cite this:Muhammad K, Shaikh S, Ashraf J, Hayat S. Characteristics, reasons and patterns of Road Traffic Injuries presenting in emergency department of a tertiary care public hospital in Karachi. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4490
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Role of Mentzer index for differentiating iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia trait in pregnant women
Authors: Tabassum Shagufta , Khakwani Mehnaz , Fayyaz Asiya , Taj Nadia 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To observe the role of Mentzer index for differentiating iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait (β TT) in pregnant women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Gynaecology & Obstetrics Department of Nishtar Medical University from October 2020 to March 2021. Non-consecutive sampling was applied. A total of 100 antenatal ladies with hemoglobin <11 gm/dl were included. Their complete blood counts were checked and Mentzer Index was calculated. Mentzer Index <13 points to diagnosis of β TT and >13 indicates IDA. The diagnoses were confirmed by serum iron studies and Hb electrophoresis. The sensitivity and specificity of Mentzer Index for both causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia was calculated.
Results: Out of total 100 patients with microcytic hypochromic anemia, 87 had Mentzer Index >13 and IDA was confirmed in 86 out of 87 cases. Thirteen cases had Mentzer Index <13 and β TT was confirmed in eight of them. Thus, Mentzer Index has a sensitivity and specificity of 91% & 83% for IDA and 83% & 91% for β TT.
Conclusion: In this study, it was found that Mentzer Index can be used as a discriminatory test to differentiate between iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia trait. The high risk group can then be subjected to definitive diagnostic tests. This can result in better patient compliance and cost effectiveness.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4635
How to cite this:Tabassum S, Khakwani M, Fayyaz A, Taj N. Role of Mentzer index for differentiating iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia trait in pregnant women. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4635
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of carboplatin combined with paclitaxel-based intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy on serum levels of HE4 and DJ-1 in patients with advanced recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Su Xianhui , Sun Xuewen , Kang Yanhui , Dai Yuna 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To analyze the effects of carboplatin combined with paclitaxel-based intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy (IPCH) on serum levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and mitogen-dependent oncogene-1 (DJ-1) in patients with advanced recurrent ovarian cancer (OC).
Methods: From July 2019 to July 2020, patients with advanced recurrent OC (n=92) treated in Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University were selected as study subjects. According to the random number table method, patients were divided into control group and observation group. Patients in the control group were treated with carboplatin combined with paclitaxel-based intravenous chemotherapy, and patients in the observation group were treated with carboplatin combined with paclitaxel-based IPCH. The therapeutic effects, serum levels of HE4, DJ-1 and human kallikrein 10 (HK-10), peripheral blood immune indexes and adverse reactions of patients were compared between the two groups.
Results: The response rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05); after treatment, the indexes of HE4, DJ-1 and HK-10 in the two groups were significantly decreased, while the indexes of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD56+ and CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ were significantly increased; moreover, significantly lower indexes of HE4, DJ-1 and HK-10 and significantly higher indexes of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD56+ and CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ were found in the observation group when compared with the control group (p<0.05). The severity of myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the total tumor metastasis rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Carboplatin combined with paclitaxel IPCH had obvious inhibitory effects on HE4, DJ-1 and other serum tumor markers in patients with advanced recurrent OC, with a more prominent clinical effect, and could further significantly reduce the risk of adverse reactions and metastasis.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4736
How to cite this:Su X, Sun X, Kang Y, Dai Y. Effects of carboplatin combined with paclitaxel-based intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy on serum levels of HE4 and DJ-1 in patients with advanced recurrent ovarian cancer. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4736
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Diagnostic importance of bone marrow aspiration evaluation: A single-center study
Authors: Dogan Ali , Demircioglu Sinan 
Published: March 2022

Background &Objective: Early diagnosis can be made based on the morphological examination of bone marrow aspiration (BMA) until the bone marrow biopsy (BMB) result is reported. This allows for treatment to be started immediately, especially in hematological malignancies for which urgent treatment is indicated. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and importance of bone marrow aspiration in the diagnosis of hematological malignancies.
Methods: In this study, the data of patients who underwent bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy in Van Yuzuncu Yil University hospital between 2017 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 500 patients who simultaneously underwent BMA and BMB were included in the study. Data were obtained from electronic medical records.
Results: Indication for bone marrow evaluation was abnormalities in complete blood count in 270 (54%) of patients. The diagnosis was made based on the evaluation of BMA in 475 (95%). In 456 (96%) of the 475 patients diagnosed with BMA, the diagnosis was consistent with that of BMB. Agreement of BMB with BMA was 100% in acute and chronic leukemias, while BMA was not sufficient for the diagnosis of lymphoma and solid organ metastasis.
Conclusion: Our study showed that the evaluation of BMA was highly sensitive in the diagnosis of hematological malignancies, such as acute leukemias, chronic leukemias, and multiple myeloma.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4797
How to cite this:Dogan A, Demircioglu S. Diagnostic importance of bone marrow aspiration evaluation: A single-center study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4797
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Burnout prevalence and associated factors in medical students in integrated modular curriculum: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Irshad Khurram , Ashraf Ifra , Azam Fahad , Shaheen Abida 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of burnout syndrome and to find the association of burnout symptoms with sociodemographic factors in medical students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2019 to January 2021 at Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad. A total of 284 medical students from the first year to the fifth year participated in this cross-sectional study. After taking informed consent, students were asked to record responses on the Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire BCSQ-12. In addition, a structured questionnaire was developed to obtain information about the sociodemographic status.
Results: Prevalence of burnout was observed among day scholars, females, and students having a relatively sedentary lifestyle. Low family income showed a significant association of burnout in medical students (p=0.025). A significant association was found in the mean scores of neglect subtype of burnout with low family household income (p = 0.010). The mean scores of the overload subtype of burnout and daily duration of sleep also showed a significant association (p = 0.039).
Conclusion: The prevalence of burnout was associated with low household income and sleep deprivation. Gender, academic year and physical activity did not have a significant association with burnout syndrome. The high prevalence of burnout syndrome necessitates appropriate interventions to identify and reduce the prevalence of burnout in medical students.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5052
How to cite this:Irshad K, Ashraf I, Azam F, Shaheen A. Burnout prevalence and associated factors in medical students in integrated modular curriculum: A cross-sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5052
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical spectrum of Celiac disease from a cardiology perspective
Authors: Myrmel Gard M. S. , Lunde Torbjørn , Saeed Sahrai 
Published: March 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.6129
How to cite this:Myrmel GMS, Lunde T, Saeed S. Clinical spectrum of Celiac disease from a cardiology perspective. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):782-784. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.6129
Association of short- and long-term metabolic control parameters with personality traits in adult type 1 diabetes treated with personal insulin pumps
Authors: Matejko Bartłomiej , Morawska-Tota Małgorzata , Tota Łukasz , Flakus Maria , Cyranka Katarzyna , Kieć-Wilk Beata , Lushchyk Maxim , Małecki Maciej Tadeusz , Klupa Tomasz 
Published: March 2022

Cel pracyCelem naszego badania obserwacyjnego było określenie , czy wybrane cechy osobowości są skorelowane ze stopniem wyrównania metabolicznego/czasem trwania cukrzycy u dorosłych pacjentów z T1DM.MetodaDane zebrano od 56 dorosłych pacjentów (40 mężczyzn) z T1DM leczonych w ośrodku o trzecim stopniu referencyjności. Cechy osobowości „Wielkiej Piątki” oceniano za pomocą kwestionariusza “NEO-Five Factor Inventory”. Kilka zmiennych uzyskano po sczytaniu osobistych pomp insulinowych, glukometrów i zaślepionego systemu ciągłego monitorowania glikemii (CGM).WynikiWszystkie cechy osobowości oprócz neurotyczności (niski poziom cechy) wykazywały przeciętne nasilenie. Ugodowość była skorelowana z większością zmiennych uzyskanych z systemu CGM. Większa sumienność wiązała się z dłuższym czasem trwania cukrzycy. Większa neurotyczność korelowała z większą zmiennością glikemii (GV), podczas gdy wysoka ekstrawersja wiązała się z niższym wskaźnikiem GV. Niższa Otwartość była związana z wydłużeniem czasu klinicznie istotnej hipoglikemiiWnioskiNasze badanie sugeruje, że cechy osobowości przejawiają się w indywidualnym podejściu do leczenia cukrzycy i regulacji emocji, co przekłada się również na stosunek do leczenia. Z drugiej strony, ogólne wyniki cech pacjentów z T1DM były zgodne z normami niepsychiatrycznymi dla osób zdrowych, co obala mity i stereotypy sugerujące, że choroba przewlekła jest zwykle związana z psychopatologią.
Immunohematological Parameters of Male and Female Blood Donors at Kenyatta National Hospital
Authors: Ireri J. M. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Immunohaematological reference intervals are critical in making accurate decisions in research, diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic outcomes. Consequently any gender – based disparities in the intervals need to be determined and so reflected when utilizing the ranges. This cross-section study to determine male and female immunohaematological reference intervals was conducted on suitable blood donors attended to at Kenyatta National Hospital blood donor Unit between 2018 and 2019.
Objectives: To determine gender-based means, medians, 2.5 th and 97.5 th interquartile ranges of: CD4+ lymphocytes, red cell values, white cells absolute and differential counts and thrombocyte counts in suitable blood donors.
Methods: A total of 108 (53.5%) female and 94 (46.5%) male volunteer blood donors aged between 18 and 60 years were recruited consecutively as they consented. Bootstrap methods were used to calculate means, medians and confidence intervals. The enrollees’ social demographic characteristics including: level of education, occupation, alcohol - drinking and smoking habits were captured using a questionnaire form. Immediately after blood donation five milliliters of blood samples for CD4+ analysis and haemogram were drawn from the pilot tube of the blood bag by injecting the cap of ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA)-containing vacutaners with the donation needle. Analyses were done within 8 hours of sample collection using standard laboratory methods. The fit of the observed data distribution was determined using Shapiro – Wilk test with P > 0.05 indicating Gaussian distribution. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 21. Means, medians and 2.5 th and 97.5 th interquartiles were determined. Gender – based differences were compared using Mann Whitney U test with P < 0.05 being considered significant.
Results: The male enrollees had a mean age of 31.91 years, while females’ mean age was 31.85 years. The majority of enrollees had tertially education with most males being in business and in formal employment; while most females were in business. Males demonstrated significantly higher mean values than females in: red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (HB) and eosinophils (E). Significantly lower mean values in males than in females were demonstrated in: white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (N), Lymphocytes (L), monocytes (M), CD4+ cells and Platelets (P).
Conclusion: There exists significant gender-based differences in immunohaematological reference ranges that may lead to biased conclusions in laboratory diagnosis and research.
Comparison Theorems on Weighted Finsler Manifolds and Spacetimes with ϵ-Range
Authors: Lu Yufeng , Minguzzi Ettore , Ohta Shin-ichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We establish the Bonnet–Myers theorem, Laplacian comparison theorem, and Bishop–Gromov volume comparison theorem for weighted Finsler manifolds as well as weighted Finsler spacetimes, of weighted Ricci curvature bounded below by using the weight function. These comparison theorems are formulated with ϵ-range introduced in our previous paper, that provides a natural viewpoint of interpolating weighted Ricci curvature conditions of different effective dimensions. Some of our results are new even for weighted Riemannian manifolds and generalize comparison theorems of Wylie–Yeroshkin and Kuwae–Li.
Parameterization of long-period eclipsing binaries
Authors: Pakhomova Polina , Berdnikov Leonid , Kniazev Alexei , Katkov Ivan , Malkov Oleg 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One of the important sources for independent determination of stellar masses is eclipsing binaries with components on the main sequence, and with observable spectral lines of both components. The parameters of such stars are used to construct the mass–luminosity relation for stars of high and intermediate masses. Among them, the type of long-period eclipsing binaries stands out, the parameters of which are currently not fully determined, which is associated with the difficulties caused by the need for long-term observations. In this article, we will review the currently available observational data for such objects and discuss the prospects for their use to determine stellar masses.
Designing of fault-tolerant computer system structures using residue number systems
Authors: Krasnobayev Victor , Kuznetsov Alexandr , Kiian Anastasiia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article discusses computing systems that operate in residue number systems (RNSs). The main direction of improving computer systems (CSs) is increasing the speed of implementation of arithmetic operations and the reliability of their functioning. Encoding data in RNS solves the problem of optimal redundancy, i.e., the creation of such computing systems provides maximum reliability with restrictions on weight and size characteristics. This article proposes new structures of fault-tolerant CSs operating in RNS in the case of the application with an active fault-tolerant method. The use of the active fault-tolerant method (dynamic redundancy) in the RNSs provides higher reliability. In addition, with an increase in the digits of CSs, the efficiency of using the proposed structures increases.
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis during pregnancy: a case presentation and literature review
Authors: Fávero Vanraes Larissa , Beckers Veerle , Van Berkel Kim , Gucciardo Leonardo , Faron Gilles 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially fatal disorder of the immune system that typically occurs in the paediatric population. Diagnosing this rare disease in the adult population is challenging, particularly during pregnancy.

Case presentation
We present a case of a gravid patient developing HLH at week 13 of gestation undergoing a medical termination of pregnancy at 27 weeks due to anhydramnios and associated stopped foetal growth.

Conclusions
Disease triggers could vary from a simple viral infection to the pregnancy as such causing the disorder. Treatment should benefit the mother and limit the foetal harm.
Performance enhancement of a circularly polarized printed monopole for wireless system application
Authors: Bag Biplab , Biswas Sushanta , Sarkar Sushanta , Sarkar Partha Pratim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The most important characterizing parameters which determine the antenna performance are axial ratio bandwidth, impedance bandwidth and gain of wireless systems. The improvement of these parameters are presented in the proposed antenna. Basically, the proposed design consists of an inverted L-shaped microstrip feed line and modified ground plane. The size of the antenna is 0.4 × 0.28 × 0.0128 λ
0 (where λ
0 be the free space wavelength at f

r
of 2.4 GHz). The designed antenna has been fabricated and the measured results of fabricated antenna are compared with the simulated results. It is found that the results are very good in agreement. Novelty of the research work is the improvement of axial ratio (less than 3 dB) bandwidth. As a result, the antenna is circularly polarized for a good amount of bandwidth which is desired in the modern communication system. Circularly polarized antenna is able to transmit and receive both vertically and horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves.
Three-dimensional carbon architectures with O doping and rich defects for catalytic conversion of polysulfides
Authors: Yang Xue , Du Zhiming , Lei Zhiping , Shui Hengfu , Han Song , Yan Honglei , Yan Jingchong , Li Zhanku , Wang Zhicai , Ren Shibiao , Kong Ying , Kang Shigang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To deal with the notorious shuttle behavior and sluggish conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), heteroatoms doping and defects creating are practical strategies for improving capture and catalytic conversion of LiPSs. In this work, O doped porous carbon materials (OPC) with a 3D hierarchical structure, consisting of 2–4 μm carbon sheets decorated with macrospores of 0.2–0.4 μm, was fabricated with MgO template. It is found that the increasing the carbonization temperature and the amount of MgO will make OPC rich in oxygen functional groups and defect sites. Electrochemical measures show that the OPC12–800 achieves reversible capacity (an initial discharge specific capacity of 1448.4 mAh g−1 at current density of 0.1 C) and cycling performance (717.7 mAh g−1 at 2 C over 200 cycles). The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the hierarchical porous structure, abundant C–O/C=O and defects, which effectively adsorbs polysulfides and promote faster redox reaction of LiPSs. This study provides an alternative to improve the performance of carbon materials as host of Li–S batteries by regulating the types of oxygen-containing functional groups and defects on carbon surface.
A New Plasticating Model for Amorphous and Semi-crystalline Polymers in Single Screw Extruders
Authors: Zitzenbacher G. , Langecker G. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Polymeric thermoplastic materials can be subdivided in amorphous and semi-crystalline ones. In contrast to semi-crystalline polymers amorphous thermoplastic materials have no defined phase transition and hence no melt enthalpy. The glass transition region describes the change of the material behaviour from the state of a rubber like to an under-cooled fluid (glassy state). Setting the melt enthalpy in the Stefan-Neumann problem zero gives no valid results for the solid bed profile. Thus this condition is unsuitable for describing the plasticating process of amorphous polymers.
In this paper a new model for the plastication of amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers in single screw extruders is presented. Therefore a new calculation method for the determination of the moving velocity between the glassy solid bed and the softened film region on the barrel surface is developed. The whole enthalpy to heat up the polymer on a critical flow temperature in the screw channel is considered.