bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of modern infusion pumps on RBC quality
Authors: Hadjesfandiari Narges , Serrano Katherine , Levin Elena , Johal Parveen , Feenstra Shelley , Shih Andrew W. , Devine Dana V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMechanical stress on red blood cells is associated with using infusion pumps for blood administration. Current standards in North America leave it to healthcare facilities to consult with manufacturers about infusion pump safety for transfusion; studies on various pumps and red blood cell (RBC) conditions are scarce.Study design and methodsRBC units were pumped through four infusion pumps on d22 (22 days postcollection), d40, d28 after gamma irradiation on d14 (I14d28), and d22 after irradiation on d21 (I21d22). For each experiment, three units were pooled and split among four bags. Samples were collected at gravity and after pumping at clinical nonemergency rates. Hemolysis %, microvesicles, potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, mechanical fragility index levels, and morphology evaluations were performed (n = 5–6).ResultsHemolysis levels of Piston and Linear Peristaltic pump samples were not different from hemolysis of corresponding gravity samples. Peristaltic samples had significantly higher hemolysis compared to gravity, and other pumps, however, maximum mean difference was limited to 0.05%. Pumping at 50 mL/h resulted in the highest hemolysis level. Change in hemolysis % due to pumping was significantly higher in d40 and I21d22 units. No combination of pumps and RBCs conditions led to hemolysis >0.8%. Besides hemolysis, lactate dehydrogenase release was the only marker that demonstrated some differences between infusions via pump versus gravity.ConclusionThe pump design affects the degree of hemolysis. However, for all tested pumps and RBC conditions, this increase was minimal. Hemolysis measurement on d40 and I21d22 at 50 mL/h were concluded to be appropriate parameters for pump evaluation.
The use of caffeine as a respiratory stimulant in a cat
Authors: Kennedy Christopher R. , Wayne Annie S. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report the use of caffeine as a respiratory stimulant in a cat with hypoventilation.Case summaryA cat was mechanically ventilated due to persistent hypercapnia (Petco2 > 75 mm Hg) following median sternotomy and thymectomy. After 3 days of mechanical ventilatory support, the cat would initiate breaths but failed weaning due to persistent hypercapnia. Following administration of intravenous caffeine (total 12 mg/kg over 24 h), respiratory and mental status rapidly improved. The cat was subsequently extubated and able to maintain Pvco2 < 50 mm Hg. The cat was later diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Quality of life 13 months after discharge was reported as excellent by her owner.New or unique information providedCaffeine may be considered as a respiratory stimulant in cats with hypoventilation.
Toolpath Planning for Manufacturing of Complex Parts Through Incremental Sheet Forming
Authors: Jiang Zilin , Liao Shuheng , Slocum Alexander H. , Leem Dohyun , Ehmann Kornel F. , Cao Jian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Incremental sheet forming (ISF) offers great flexibility in producing complex sheet parts as compared with conventional sheet forming processes where part-specific die sets are required to form a product. While there are many potential applications of ISF in various industries, toolpath planning for multifeature parts remains a leading challenge hindering the wide adoption of ISF. In this study, a criterion based on the gradient of the target surface was established for determining the appropriate feature forming sequence. Based on the analysis of the gradients of the surface, multifeature geometries were separated into two categories: “plane-referenced” and “surface-referenced.” Experimental investigations of forming a multifeature air intake as an example were carried out to demonstrate the proposed criterion and feature forming sequence. The results show that the choice of the optimal sequence depends on the type of geometry formed. The proposed criterion extends existing toolpath strategies for relatively regular geometries, where features are formed from flat or inclined bases to more complex geometries with features on a curved basis. This work will be of interest to both design and manufacturing communities.
Systematical Collision Avoidance Reliability Analysis and Characterization of Reliable System Operation for Autonomous Navigation Using the Dynamic Window Approach
Authors: Torkamani Elnaz Asghari , Xi Zhimin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dynamic window approach (DWA) is one of the most widely used algorithms for local path planning and autonomous navigation. Although many successful examples have been shown under various operation conditions, to the authors' best knowledge, there is a lack of systematic reliability analysis, its further design improvement, and systems operation guidelines for meeting reliability requirement under different operation conditions. Several goals can be defined for a successful path planning and autonomous navigation. Among them, assurance of the collision avoidance and reaching the goal with less time are pivotal requirements, yet such reliability analysis is rarely conducted in a rigorous manner. Furthermore, design improvement and systems operation design based on rigorous reliability analysis can hardly be found in this area. This paper addresses such a research gap for autonomous navigation reliability analysis and further conducts design improvement and characterizes systems operation conditions for meeting the collision avoidance reliability using the DWA. To address the technical challenges associated with limited number of simulations or experiments, reliability analysis is conducted using Bayesian statistics combined with the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Design improvement and reliable operation conditions can then be conducted based on the reliability analysis. Results indicate that performance reliability of the DWA is sensitive to its parameter configuration, which can be improved through reliability-based design optimization. With characterized collision avoidance reliability constraints, performance reliability of the DWA can be ensured through adjusting its operation parameters.
Psychological Responses to Intermittent Activities in Children With and Without Asthma
Authors: Schwartz Anna E. , Beemer Lexie R. , Ajibewa Tiwaloluwa A. , Scott-Andrews Katherine Q. , Lewis Toby C. , Robinson Leah E. , Hasson Rebecca E. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological responses to intermittent activities of varying intensities and types among children with and without asthma. Methods: A total of 37 children and adolescents (51% male, aged 8–16 y, 54% nonwhite, and 54% without asthma) participated in this study. Participants completed 5 exercises in the same order: self-paced walking, resistance activities, dance video, gamified obstacle course, and step test. In-task mood was assessed using the Feeling Scale, in-task perceived exertion was assessed via the ratings of perceived exertion scale, and postactivity enjoyment was assessed using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. Results: There was a significant main effect of exercise type on mood (P < .001), ratings of perceived exertion (P < .001), and enjoyment (P < .002). There was not a significant main effect of asthma status on mood, ratings of perceived exertion, or enjoyment (Ps > .05). Children with asthma reported significantly lower in-task mood during the step exercise (P < .037) and reported significantly lower postactivity enjoyment after the walk and obstacle course exercises (Ps < .03). Conclusions: Regardless of differences by asthma status for in-task mood during the obstacle course and for postactivity enjoyment during the walk and step exercises, both children with and without asthma reported high in-task mood and postactivity enjoyment during all 5 exercises.
Prognostic Value of Lymphocyte-to-White Blood Cell Ratio for In-Hospital Mortality in Infective Endocarditis Patients
Authors: Zhang Mengying , Ge Qiuxia , Qiao Tengfei , Wang Yaman , Xia Xiaohong , Zhang Xiang , Zhou Jun 
Published: February 2022

Background. The prognosis of Infective endocarditis (IE) is poor, and we conducted this investigation to evaluate the worth of admission lymphocyte-to-white blood cell ratio (LWR) for prediction of short-term outcome in IE patients. Methods. We retrospectively assessed the medical records of 147 IE patients from January 2017 to December 2019. Patients were divided into the survivor group and nonsurvivor group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to estimate the independent factors contribution to in-hospital death, and receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to check the performance. Results. The levels of LWR (0.17 ± 0.08 vs. 0.10 ± 0.06) were significantly increased among the survivor group compared with the nonsurvivor group (

P

= 0.001). Multivariate analysis displayed that LWR (hazard ratio (HR): 1.755, 1.304–2.362,

P

< 0.001) was not interfered by other confounding factors for early death. Moreover, ROC analysis suggested that LWR (cutoff value = 0.10) performed the best among assessed indexes for the forecast of primary outcome (area under curve (AUC) = 0.750, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.634–0.867,

P

< 0.001, sensitivity = 70.0%, specificity = 76.4%), and the proportion of in-hospital mortality was remarkably inferior in patients with LWR > 0.10 than in those with LWR ≤ 0.10. (5.83% vs. 31.8%,

P

< 0.001). Conclusions. LMR is an independent, simple, universal, inexpensive, and reliable prognostic parameter to identify high-risk IE patients for in-hospital mortality.
Effect of Evolocumab in Patients With Prior Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Furtado Remo H.M. , Fagundes Antônio Aurélio , Oyama Kazuma , Zelniker Thomas A. , Tang Minao , Kuder Julia F. , Murphy Sabina A. , Hamer Andrew , Wang Huei , Keech Anthony C. , Giugliano Robert P. , Sabatine Marc S. , Bergmark Brian A. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Patients with prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at high residual risk for multiple types of coronary events within and beyond the stented lesion. This risk might be mitigated by more intensive LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol)-lowering beyond just with statin therapy.

Methods:
FOURIER (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk) randomized 27 564 patients with stable atherosclerotic disease on statin to the PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9) inhibitor evolocumab or placebo with a median follow-up of 2.2 years. The end points of interest were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina or coronary revascularization), and major coronary events (a composite of coronary heart death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization). We compared the risk of MACE and the magnitude of relative and absolute risk reductions with evolocumab in patients with and without prior PCI.

Results:

Seventeen thousand seventy-three patients had prior PCI. In the placebo arm, those with prior PCI had higher rates of MACE (13.2% versus 8.3%; hazard ratio [HR]
adj
1.61 [95% CI, 1.42–1.84];
P
<0.0001) and major coronary events (11.5% versus 6.0%; HR
adj
, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.49–1.99];
P
<0.0001). Relative risk reductions with evolocumab were similar in patients with and without prior PCI (MACE: HR, 0.84 [0.77–0.91] versus HR, 0.88 [0.77–1.01];
P
interaction
0.51; major coronary events: HR, 0.82 [0.75–0.90] versus HR, 0.88 [0.75–1.04];
P
interaction
0.42). Absolute risk reductions for MACE were 2.0% versus 0.9% (
P
interaction
0.14) and for major coronary events 2.0% versus 0.7% (
P
interaction
0.045). In those with prior PCI, the effect of evolocumab on coronary revascularization (HR, 0.76 [0.69–0.85]) was directionally consistent across types of revascularization procedures: coronary artery bypass grafting (HR, 0.71 [0.54–0.94]); any PCI (HR, 0.77 [0.69–0.86]); PCI for de novo lesions (HR, 0.76 [0.66–0.88]); and PCI for stent failure or graft lesions (HR, 0.76 [0.63–0.91]).

Conclusions:
Evolocumab reduces the risk of MACE in patients with prior PCI including the risk of coronary revascularization, with directionally consistent effects across several types of revascularization procedures, including coronary artery bypass grafting and PCI for stent or graft failure.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01764633.
‘Bury Me Not, I Pray Thee, in Egypt: But I Will Lie with My Fathers’
Authors: Moodrick-Even Khen Hilly 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article argues that certain legal duties of states involved in armed conflicts confer legal and moral rights on both the combatants and their families. The combatant is entitled to the right to be identified and buried, and the families are entitled, not only to receive information about the treatment of their dead relatives, but also to make decisions in this regard. These decisions relate to the rituals of burial and cremation and even the place of burial, which in some cases implies a right to demand repatriation of remains. The arguments are based on both ethical and legal grounds. Yet, apart from the right to be buried in a dignified way, rights regarding the nature and place of burial are not absolute. They can be limited according to a variety of considerations, including State policies and interests. The article also refers to the special case of dead combatants’ remains held by non-state actors that do not respect international law prescriptions regarding the dead. Under these circumstances, families have a stronger case to demand repatriation of remains as this would be the only way to secure the core right of the combatant to be respectfully buried.
Christopher Columbus and the «Great River Orinoko» in the Genesis of Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment
Authors: Barsht Konstantin A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the Notebooks to Crime and Punishment, kept by Dostoevsky during 1864–1865, we find a calligraphic annotation «Orenoko»
1
and one abbreviated variant «Oren<oko>». While these two caligraphic entries appear to be accidental and without much bearing on the genesis of Crime and Punishment, in actual fact these entries are traces of an alternative conception of the novel with which Dostoevsky was working, which is connected with the question of the meaning of life and the philosophical journey of his heroes. The theme of South America figured prominently in these deliberations, represented by the River Orinoko (the second largest river of the South American continent, called the «Big River» by the Indians), by the figure and destiny of Christopher Columbus and by Daniel Defoes’s novel Robinson Crusoe. Dostoevsky’s letters and works testify to his abiding interest in the discovery of America, the slave trade, and the attempts of the followers of Fourierism to establish there a society along new just principles. This article investigates the traces of the theme of Orenoko, the discovery of America and Defoe’s novel in Dostoevsky’s works, with special emphasis on the Notebooks to Crime and Punishment The semantic nexus “Robinson Crusoe — Christopher Columbus” in its portrayal of one of the incarnations of a “positively beautiful man”, ready to pronounce his “new word” and advance the history of mankind, forms an expanded paradigm that includes the appearance of “uninhabited island” as the last refuge for a talented person not recognized and rejected by the crowd. Simultaneously, it depicts the genesis of Dostoevsky’s “artistic Word”.
From Graphics to Calligraphy: textological Study of the Semantics and Poetcis of F. M. Dostoevsky’s The Idiot
Authors: Tarasova N. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article contains an analysis of the manuscript materials to the novel The Idiot, comprised in three of Dostoevsky’s notebooks, dated bewteen 1867 and 1868. The article examines the probelms of the creative conception of the novel, the establishment of the text and the sequence of notes, as well as the study of Dostoevsky’s caligraphy. As a result of a critical evaluation of the scholarly publications of The Idiot, a revision of the Soviet tradition of establishing «versions» of the novel in the drafts to the novel is proposed. Comparing the published draft texts with the original, we were able to correct and give textological commentary to many previous readings of the drafts. We paid particular attention to the interpretation of Dostoevsky’s use of capital and small letters in the drafts, including the designation of the main hero by Dostoevsy as «idiot»/«Idiot». We examined the functional and semantic significance of the caligraphic writing found among the drafts to the novel. Our analysis shows that caligraphy had an artistic meaning not only in connection with the drafts to which it related but in the formation of the total conception of the novel and its problem statement, while it also determined Dostoevsky’s creative process. It is not an accident that Dostoevsky’s most intense experimentation with caligraphy coincides with the period of the writing of The Idiot, whose hero is an expert in caligraphy.
Dostoevsky’s Drawings: a New Perspective on his Literary Creation (Presentation of Konstantin Barsht’s Book The Drawings and Calligraphy of Fyodor Dostoevsky)
Authors: Schmid Wolf 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
More than 200 sheets of Dostoevsky’s manuscripts contain drawings, among them mainly portraits, sketches of Gothic windows and arches and calligrams. Dostoevsky’s graphic work is basically auto-communicative, not intended for a public. The graphics are not an illustration of the corresponding novels but express associations often of a highly private nature and have a meaning for the work that is often only very indirect and difficult to grasp. Dostoevsky’s graphics thus require hermeneutic effort, which has been achieved by Professor Konstantin Barsht of St. Petersburg in an impressive book, published in three separate editions in Russian, English and Italian. The decoding of Dostoevsky’s drawings is a most valuable contribution to Dostoevsky scholarship. It will serve to support new readings of Dostoevsky’s works or readings already in existence which have not received a favorable reception because of existing preconceptions about Dostoevsky’s system of beliefs relevant to his aesthetic production.
Building the Twenty-first Century Church: The Role of the Youth
Authors: Amankwa Eric , Awuku-Gyampoh Ransford Kwabena 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Young people’s involvement in the church is pivotal to the development of the community. The youth of the church in the past are gone, leaving empty pews and the church in decline. This study examined the role of the Australian and North American African Diasporic youngsters in church management and growth by exploring two main objectives: the youths’ activities in the church and the importance of the youths’ actions in the church’s progress. The study used a systematic literature review that focused strictly on the youths’ role in the church structure. It revealed that the church’s youth activities included innovativeness; evangelism and church planting; music ministry; campus fellowship centres, and promoting formal Christian education. In addition, life-altering experiences, leadership development, and engagement in the social media formed the basis for the importance of the youths’ activities in the church’s progress. Thus, the youths’ involvement in the church ensures continuity, growth, and development.
Confirmation and its Preparation – Expectations and Effects
Authors: Hoering Patrik C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The preparation for confirmation is connected with lots of hopes and expectations: Ministers, volunteers, the congregation, the parents – even the bishop who leads the liturgy of the confirmation – all have specific goals in mind they hope to reach. But does that meet the situation of young people attending a preparation course? A survey in the Roman-catholic diocese of Cologne gives insights into the situation of the juveniles and the volunteers who are engaged in the preparation courses and tries to find out what effects of the preparation could be observed.
“In the Character of their Material, Animate and Inanimate, the Troops of the United States Excelled”
Authors: Klingenberg Mitchell G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article considers logistics and supply in the China Relief Expedition. In the China campaign, as in all armed conflicts, the availability of matériel and subsistence determined what military options were available to commanders. In 1900, because of a strong industrial base and a burgeoning logistical network, the US Army, Marine Corps, and Navy demonstrated an increased capacity and capability to project power on hemispheric scales. Throughout the entirety of their intervention in China, Americans moved animals, artillery, medical supplies, men, ordnance, and subsistence across great distances – over sea and land, to and within the theatre of operations – with remarkable efficiency under difficult conditions. Thus, the China Relief Expedition was instructive for the US profession of arms, and pointed to a future in which large-scale combat operations on land and at sea would require careful integration and more extensive logistical support than military operations of nineteenth-century conflicts.
Protest in the Age of Cyberatomism
Authors: Cooke Miriam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
How can we account for the exponential increase in worldwide mass protests over the past twenty years? While protests are not new, their rate and size are. Today, thousands of people can be assembled instantaneously to demonstrate for or against a variety of causes that in the past might not have attracted more than a handful of people. The cultural and social conditions of the cyberage have accelerated the distribution of information that fuels protests. I will argue below that this new phenomenon affecting all netizens needs a new key term to describe its range and power today. The best term, in my view is cyberatomism.