bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial Disparities in Pulse Oximeter Device Inaccuracy and Estimated Clinical Impact on COVID-19 Treatment Course
Authors: Sudat Sylvia E K , Wesson Paul , Rhoads Kim F , Brown Stephanie , Aboelata Noha , Pressman Alice R , Mani Aravind , Azar Kristen M J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Arterial blood oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2)) may be differentially less accurate for people with darker skin pigmentation, which could potentially affect the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. We analyzed pulse oximeter accuracy and its association with COVID-19 treatment outcomes using electronic health record data from Sutter Health, a large, mixed-payer, integrated health-care delivery system in Northern California. We analyzed 2 cohorts: 1) 43,753 non-Hispanic White (NHW) or non-Hispanic Black/African-American (NHB) adults with concurrent arterial blood gas oxygen saturation/SpO2 measurements taken between January 2020 and February 2021; and 2) 8,735 adults who went to a hospital emergency department with COVID-19 between July 2020 and February 2021. Pulse oximetry systematically overestimated blood oxygenation by 1% more in NHB individuals than in NHW individuals. For people with COVID-19, this was associated with lower admission probability (−3.1 percentage points), dexamethasone treatment (−3.1 percentage points), and supplemental oxygen treatment (−4.5 percentage points), as well as increased time to treatment: 37.2 minutes before dexamethasone initiation and 278.5 minutes before initiation of supplemental oxygen. These results call for additional investigation of pulse oximeters and suggest that current guidelines for development, testing, and calibration of these devices should be revisited, investigated, and revised.
Relationship Between Alcohol Co-Ingestion and Clinical Outcome in Pesticide Self-Poisoning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dhanarisi Jeevan , Perera Sriyani , Wijerathna Thilini , Gawarammana Indika , Shihana Fathima , Pathiraja Vindya , Eddleston Michael , Mohamed Fahim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aim
Alcohol is a commonly co-ingested compound during self-poisoning with pesticides. Clinical experiences suggest alcohol co-ingestion (or withdrawal) makes patient management more difficult after self-poisoning and may contribute to poor clinical outcomes. We aimed to systematically review the world literature to explore the relationship between alcohol co-ingestion and outcome in pesticide self-poisoning.

Methods
We searched 13 electronic databases and Google scholar, conducted citation searching and a review of reference lists to find studies which investigated the relationship of alcohol with clinical outcome of pesticide self-poisoning in different countries. Thirteen studies, including 11 case series/reports and two cohort studies were considered for inclusion.

Results
Meta-analysis showed that alcohol co-ingestion in pesticide self-poisoning was associated with increased risk of death [odds ratio (OR) 4.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9–8.2 P&lt;0.0001] and that alcohol co-ingested group required intubation eight times more often than non-co-ingested group in organophosphorus insecticide self-poisoning (OR 8.0, 95% CI 4.9–13.0 P&lt;0.0001). Cases who co-ingested alcohol were older than non-alcohol group in two studies. One cohort study demonstrated that alcohol co-ingestion was associated with larger pesticide ingestions but did not itself affect the outcome.

Conclusions
This systematic review indicates that alcohol co-ingestion may worsen clinical outcome in pesticide self-poisoning.
The combined impact of testosterone and Western-style diet on endometriosis severity and progression in rhesus macaques
Authors: Bishop Cecily V , Takahashi Diana L , Luo Fangzhou , Sidener Heather , Martin Lauren Drew , Gao Lina , Fei Suzanne S , Hennebold Jon D , Slayden Ov D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with irregular menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenemia, and obesity. It is currently accepted that women with PCOS are also at risk for endometriosis, but the effect of androgen and obesity on endometriosis has been underexplored. The goal of this study was to determine how testosterone (T) and an obesogenic diet impact the progression of endometriosis in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model. Female rhesus macaques were treated with T (serum levels approximately 1.35 ng/ml), Western-style diet (WSD; 36% of calories from fat compared to 16% in standard monkey chow) or the combination (T + WSD) at the time of menarche as part of a longitudinal study for ~7 years. Severity of endometriosis was determined based on American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) revised criteria, and staged 1–4. Stages 1 and 2 were associated with extent of abdominal adhesions, while stages 3 and 4 were associated with presence of chocolate cysts. The combined treatment of T + WSD resulted in earlier onset of endometriosis and more severe types associated with large chocolate cysts compared to all other treatments. There was a strong correlation between glucose clearance, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and total percentage of body fat with presence of cysts, indicating possible indirect contribution of hyperandrogenemia via metabolic dysfunction. An RNA-seq analysis of omental adipose tissue revealed significant impacts on a number of inflammatory signaling pathways. The interactions between obesity, hyperandrogenemia, and abdominal inflammation deserve additional investigation in NHP model species.
Placental ion channels: potential target of chemical exposure
Authors: Zhao Yi , Pasanen Markku , Rysä Jaana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The placenta is an important organ for the exchange of substances between the fetus and the mother, hormone secretion, and fetoplacental immunological defense. Placenta has an organ-specific distribution of ion channels and trophoblasts, and placental vessels express a large number of ion channels. Several placental housekeeping activities and pregnancy complications are at least partly controlled by ion channels, which are playing an important role in regulating hormone secretion, trophoblastic homeostasis, ion transport, and vasomotor activity. The function of several placental ion channels (Na, Ca, and Cl ion channels, cation channel, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and aquaporin-1) is known to be influenced by chemical exposure, i.e., their responses to different chemicals have been tested and confirmed in experimental models. Here, we review the possibility that placental ion channels are targets of toxicological concern in terms of placental function, fetal growth, and development.
Leveraging Serosurveillance and Postmortem Surveillance to Quantify the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Africa
Authors: Kogan Nicole E , Gantt Shae , Swerdlow David , Viboud Cécile , Semakula Muhammed , Lipsitch Marc , Santillana Mauricio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a devastating impact on global health, the magnitude of which appears to differ intercontinentally: For example, reports suggest that 271 900 per million people have been infected in Europe versus 8800 per million people in Africa. While Africa is the second-largest continent by population, its reported COVID-19 cases comprise &lt;3% of global cases. Although social and environmental explanations have been proposed to clarify this discrepancy, systematic underascertainment of infections may be equally responsible.

Methods
We sought to quantify magnitudes of underascertainment in COVID-19's cumulative incidence in Africa. Using serosurveillance and postmortem surveillance, we constructed multiplicative factors estimating ratios of true infections to reported cases in Africa since March 2020.

Results
Multiplicative factors derived from serology data (subset of 12 nations) suggested a range of COVID-19 reporting rates, from 1 in 2 infections reported in Cape Verde (July 2020) to 1 in 3795 infections reported in Malawi (June 2020). A similar set of multiplicative factors for all nations derived from postmortem data points toward the same conclusion: Reported COVID-19 cases are unrepresentative of true infections, suggesting that a key reason for low case burden in many African nations is significant underdetection and underreporting.

Conclusions
While estimating the exact burden of COVID-19 is challenging, the multiplicative factors we present furnish incidence estimates reflecting likely-to-worst-case ranges of infection. Our results stress the need for expansive surveillance to allocate resources in areas experiencing discrepancies between reported cases, projected infections, and deaths.
Analysis of postoperative weight loss associated with prognosis after lobectomy for lung cancer
Authors: Nakada Takeo , Tsukamoto Yo , Kato Daiki , Shibazaki Takamasa , Yabe Mitsuo , Hirano Jun , Ohtsuka Takashi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Weight assessment is an easy-to-understand method of health checkup. The present study investigated the association between weight loss (WL) after lung cancer (LC) surgery and short–mid-term prognosis.

METHODS
The data of patients who underwent radical lobectomy for primary LC were assessed between December 2017 and June 2021. Percentage weight gain or loss was determined at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively based on preoperative weight. The timing of decreased weight was divided into 0–3, 3–6 and 6–12 months. We also evaluated the relationship between severe WL (SWL) and prognosis.

RESULTS
We reviewed 269 patients, of whom 187 (69.5%) showed WL within 1 year after surgery. The interquartile range for maximal WL was 2.0–8.2% (median 4.0%). Furthermore, we defined SWL as WL ≥8%. Twenty-five patients (9.3%) died: 9 from primary LC and 16 from non-LC causes. Cancer recurrences occurred in 45 patients (16.7%). WL occurred from 6 to 12 months postoperatively was associated with poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival (P &lt; 0.05, both). Body mass index &lt;18.5 kg/m2 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were predictive factors (P &lt; 0.05, all). In the SWL group, overall survival, recurrence-free survival and non-cancer-specific were worse (P = 0.001, 0.005 and 0.019, respectively). Age ≥70 years and severe postoperative complications were predictive factors for SWL (P &lt; 0.05, all).

CONCLUSIONS
WL from 6 to 12 months postoperatively and SWL were associated with poor prognosis. Ongoing nutritional management is important to prevent life-threatening WL in patients with predictive factors.
Right tracheal sleeve pneumonectomy for complex pulmonary aspergilloma in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Verzeletti Vincenzo , Dell’Amore Andrea , Busetto Alberto , Rea Federico 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tracheal sleeve pneumonectomy consists of en bloc resection of the lung, main bronchus plus a section of the carina and its subsequent anastomosis with the remaining main-stem bronchus. We present the unique case of a 56-year-old patient, who underwent tracheal sleeve pneumonectomy for a complex pulmonary aspergilloma invading almost the entire right lung up to the carina.
Terms of trade during the first globalization: new evidence, new results
Authors: Chilosi David , Federico Giovanni , Tena-Junguito Antonio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBy analyzing a new dataset of terms of trade covering the whole world during the “first globalization” (1800–1913), this article finds that trends of terms of trade varied significantly, both within the periphery and the core, and were mainly driven by import prices. Volatility declined because price spikes became less frequent and export prices became increasingly stable. We find little evidence of de-industrialization. Consistent with our trends, prices of primary products, similarly to those of manufactures, were falling and so was their volatility. These results sit uneasily with the view that terms of trade played a crucial role in holding back the development of peripheral countries before World War I.
BMI-CNV: a Bayesian framework for multiple genotyping platforms detection of copy number variants
Authors: Luo Xizhi , Cai Guoshuai , Mclain Alexander C , Amos Christopher I , Cai Bo , Xiao Feifei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhole-exome sequencing (WES) enables the detection of copy number variants (CNVs) with high resolution in protein-coding regions. However, variants in the intergenic or intragenic regions are excluded from studies. Fortunately, many of these samples have been previously sequenced by other genotyping platforms which are sparse but cover a wide range of genomic regions, such as SNP array. Moreover, conventional single sample-based methods suffer from a high false discovery rate due to prominent data noise. Therefore, methods for integrating multiple genotyping platforms and multiple samples are highly demanded for improved copy number variant detection. We developed BMI-CNV, a Bayesian Multisample and Integrative CNV (BMI-CNV) profiling method with data sequenced by both whole-exome sequencing and microarray. For the multisample integration, we identify the shared copy number variants regions across samples using a Bayesian probit stick-breaking process model coupled with a Gaussian Mixture model estimation. With extensive simulations, BMI-copy number variant outperformed existing methods with improved accuracy. In the matched data from the 1000 Genomes Project and HapMap project data, BMI-CNV also accurately detected common variants and significantly enlarged the detection spectrum of whole-exome sequencing. Further application to the data from The Research of International Cancer of Lung consortium (TRICL) identified lung cancer risk variant candidates in 17q11.2, 1p36.12, 8q23.1, and 5q22.2 regions.
Outcomes in the treatment of aberrant subclavian arteries using the hybrid approach
Authors: Ben Ahmed Sabrina , Settembre Nicla , Touma Joseph , Brouat Anthony , Favre Jean-Pierre , Jean Baptiste Elixene , Chaufour Xavier , Rosset Eugenio ,   AURC (Association Universitaire pour la Recherche en Chirurgie) collaborators, Malikov Serguei , Desgranges Pascal , Cochennec Fréderic , Favre Jean-Pierre , Hassen-Khodja Reda , Sadaghianloo Nirvana , Berger Ludovic , Maurel Blandine , Du Mont Lucie Salomon , Rinckenbach Simon , Bartoli Michel , Lermusiaux Patrick , Millon Antoine , Coscas Raphael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract and keywords

OBJECTIVES
Aberrant subclavian artery (ASCA) occurs rarely but is one of the most frequent anatomical variations of the supra-aortic trunks. No consensus has been established on its best treatment. The goal of this study was to report the outcomes of ASCA treated by the hybrid approach.

METHODS
This non-interventional retrospective multicentre analysis included patients treated for ASCA by the hybrid approach in 12 French university hospitals between 2007 and 2019. The hybrid approach was defined as an endovascular procedure combined with open surgery or a hybrid stent graft. Patients were divided in 4 groups (from less to more complex treatment). The primary end point was 30-day mortality. The secondary end points were 30-day complications and late mortality.

RESULTS
This study included 43 patients. The mean age was 65 (SD, standard deviation: 16) years. Symptoms were found in 33 patients. Subclavian revascularization combined with aberrant subclavian artery occlusion was undertaken in 13 patients. Unilateral and bilateral subclavian revascularization combined with a thoracic aortic stent graft was undertaken in 11 and 6 patients, respectively. Total aortic arch repair combined with a thoracic aortic stent graft was undertaken in 13 patients. Thirty-day mortality was 2.3% with a technical success rate of 95.3%. The 30-day major postoperative complication rate was 16.3%: 4 strokes, 2 tamponades, 1 acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mean follow-up was 56.3 (SD: 44.7) months. The late mortality was 18.6%.

CONCLUSIONS
The ASCA hybrid approach is feasible, safe and effective with low early mortality. Morbidity is rather high. However, it increases with the complexity of the hybrid approach, which should be kept as simple as possible if the anatomical morphology allows.
AORTLANTIC: French registry of aortic valve-sparing root replacement, preliminary multicentre results from western France
Authors: Dubost Clément , Tomasi Jacques , Ducroix Antoine , Pluchon Kevin , Escrig Pierre , Fouquet Olivier , Aupart Arthur , Mirza Alain , Fellah Imen , Bezon Eric , Baufreton Christophe , El Arid Jean Marc , Roussel Jean-Christian , Verhoye Jean-Philippe , Senage Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVESAortic root aneurysms often affect younger patients in whom valve-sparing surgery is challenging. Among current techniques, aortic valve-sparing root replacement described by Tirone David has shown encouraging results. The AORTLANTIC registry was instituted for a multicentre long-term evaluation of this procedure. The current initial study evaluates the hospital outcomes of the procedure.METHODSThis is a retrospective study of patients operated between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2020 in 6 hospitals in western France. All study data were recorded in the national digital database of the French Society of Cardiac Surgery: EPICARD.RESULTSA total of 524 consecutive patients with a mean age of 53 (15.1) years underwent surgery. 13% (n = 68) of patients presented with acute aortic dissection, 16.5% (n = 86) had associated connective tissue pathology and 7.3% (n = 37) had bicuspid aortic valves. Preoperative aortic regurgitation (AR) ≥2/4 was present in 65.3% (n = 341) of patients. Aortic valvuloplasty was required in 18.6% (n = 95) of patients. At discharge, 92.8% (n = 461) of patients had no or 1/4 AR. The stroke rate was 1.9% (n = 10). Intra-hospital mortality was 1.9% (n = 10).CONCLUSIONSThe AORTLANTIC registry includes 6 centres in western France with &gt;500 patients. Despite numerous complex cases (acute aortic dissections, bicuspid aortic valves, preoperative AR), aortic valve-sparing root replacement has a low intra-hospital mortality. The initial encouraging results of this multicentre study warrant further long-term evaluation by future studies.
Feedback of Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care (FAPPC) trial: results of a real-world cluster randomized controlled trial in Scotland, UK
Authors: Marwick Charis A , Hossain Anower , Nogueira Rita , Sneddon Jacqueline , Kavanagh Kim , Bennie Marion , Seaton R Andrew , Guthrie Bruce , Malcolm William 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the effect of general practice-level prescribing feedback on antibiotic prescribing in a real-world pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial

Methods
Three hundred and forty general practices in four territorial Health Boards in NHS Scotland were randomized in Quarter 1, 2016 to receive four quarterly antibiotic-prescribing feedback reports or not, from Quarter 2, 2016 to Quarter 1, 2017. Reports included different clinical topics, benchmarking against national and health board rates, and behavioural messaging with improvement actions. The primary outcome was total antibiotic prescribing rate. There were 16 secondary prescribing outcomes and 5 hospital admission outcomes (potential adverse effects of reduced prescribing). The main evaluation timepoint was 1 year after the final report (Quarter 1, 2018), with an additional evaluation in the quarter after the final report (Quarter 2, 2017). Routine administrative NHS data were used to generate the feedback reports and analyse the effects.

Results
Total antibiotic prescribing rates were lower at the main evaluation timepoint in both intervention (1.83 versus baseline 1.93 prescriptions/1000 patients/day) and control (1.90 versus baseline 1.98) practices, with no evidence of intervention effect [adjusted rate ratio (ARR) 0.98 (95% CI 0.94–1.02; P = 0.35)]. At the additional timepoint, adjusted total antibiotic prescribing rates were 1.67 and 1.73 prescriptions/1000 patients/day, with evidence of a small intervention effect, ARR 0.99 (0.98–1.00; P = 0.03).

Conclusions
This well-designed, practice-level antibiotic-prescribing feedback had limited evidence of additional effects in the context of decreasing antibiotic prescribing and an established national stewardship programme.
Are You Being Asked? Impacts of Respondent Selection on Measuring Employment in Malawi
Authors: Kilic Talip , Van den Broeck Goedele , Koolwal Gayatri , Moylan Heather 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Accurate estimates of men's and women's employment are necessary for understanding sources of productivity and growth and designing well-targeted, gender-sensitive labour policies. This paper aims to address a key question—how respondent selection in household and labour force surveys affects these estimates—by leveraging two concurrent national surveys in Malawi that relied on the same questionnaire and field teams but differed in their approach to respondent selection. As compared with direct and private interviews with respondents, the ‘business-as-usual’ approach that allows for proxy reporting when targeted respondents are not available, as well as a mix of other standard survey approaches often used under time and resource constraints, is associated with significantly lower reporting of employment across a range of wage and self-employment activities. Although the effects are seemingly limited in absolute terms, they are quite large in relative terms, vis-à-vis the average participation rates and they tend to be more pronounced for women respondents and concerning questions with longer/12-month recall periods. The analysis also examines how household wealth, proxy reporting and difficulties associated with interpreting questions may be linked to lower reporting in the business-as-usual approach, and which can be examined in future methodological experimentation.
Medical informatics and climate change: a framework for modeling green healthcare solutions
Authors: Sijm-Eeken Marieke E , Arkenaar Welmoed , Jaspers Monique W , Peute Linda W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop a theory-based framework to enhance and accelerate development, selection, and implementation of solutions mitigating the climate impact of healthcare organizations.

Materials and Methods
Existing frameworks were combined to develop the Green-MIssion (Medical Informatics Solutions) framework. It was further developed and refined by mapping solutions from project plans and reviewing it with an expert panel.

Results
The framework classifies solutions into three categories: (1) monitor and measure environmental impact of a healthcare setting; (2) help create and increase awareness among employees and patients; and (3) interventions to reduce environmental impacts.

Discussion and Conclusion
The framework combines concepts from healthcare information technology and environmental sciences and can be used to structure green medical informatics solutions for different healthcare settings. Furthermore, research should evaluate its application for measuring and assessing the impact of green medical informatics solutions on environmental sustainability and climate resilience.