bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in severe obesity using noninvasive tests and imaging techniques
Authors: Theel Willy , Boxma‐de Klerk Bianca M. , Dirksmeier‐Harinck Femme , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. , Kanhai Danny A. , Apers Jan , van Dalen Bas M. , de Knegt Robert J. , Holleboom Adriaan G. , Tushuizen Maarten E. , Grobbee Diederick E. , Wiebolt Janneke , Castro Cabezas Manuel 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the more severe and inflammatory type, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is increasing rapidly. Especially in high‐risk patients, that is those with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of NAFLD can be as high as 80% while NASH may be present in 20% of these subjects. With the worldwide increase of obesity, it is most likely that these numbers will rise. Since advanced stages of NAFLD and NASH are strongly associated with morbidity and mortality—in particular, cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma—it is of great importance to identify subjects at risk. A great variety of noninvasive tests has been published to diagnose NAFLD and NASH, especially using blood‐ and imaging‐based tests. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for NAFLD/NASH. This review aims to summarize the different mechanisms leading to NASH and liver fibrosis, the different noninvasive liver tests to diagnose and evaluate patients with severe obesity.
Reference and morphology*
Authors: Dupre Gabe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe dominant tradition in analytic philosophy of language views reference as paradigmatically enabled by the acquisition of words from other speakers. Via chains of transmission, these words connect the referrer to the referent. Such a picture assumes the notion of a word as a stable mapping between sound and meaning. Utterances are constructed out of such stable mappings. While this picture of language is both intuitive and historically distinguished, various trends and programs that have developed over the last few decades in theoretical linguistics suggest an alternative. According to these approaches, the word, conceived of as a linguistic ‘building block’, has no special theoretical significance. While natural language systems generate structures mapping sounds onto meanings, they need not do so by composing elements which themselves specify such mappings. I shall describe some of these developments, and show how they pose a problem for traditional philosophical views of language and communication, before identifying an alternative approach to reference which does not rely on this common‐sense picture of words.
Lycopene supplementation to serum‐free embryo culture medium and its effect on development and quality of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro
Authors: Gonzalez Andueza Sebastian , Azari‐Dolatabad Nima , Benedetti Camilla , Fernandez Andrea , Angel‐Velez Daniel , Sadeghi Hafez , Malledevarahalli Sanjana , Opsomer Geert , Van Soom Ann , Pascottini Osvaldo Bogado 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSelenium is commonly used as an antioxidant in a serum‐free culture medium setting. However, lycopene has emerged as a potent antioxidant being twice as efficient as β‐carotene and 10 times as efficient as α‐tocopherol with beneficial effects when supplemented in a serum‐free maturation medium. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of lycopene supplementation in a serum‐free culture medium on blastocyst development and quality. After in vitro maturation and fertilization, presumed zygotes were cultured in groups of 25 in 50 μl droplets of synthetic oviductal fluid. Culture medium supplementation was done using four experimental groups: insulin, transferrin, selenium (ITS, control); ITS + DMSO (diluent control); ITS + DMSO‐lycopene 0.1 μM (ITSL); and IT + DMSO‐lycopene 0.1 μM (ITL). DMSO was used as a diluent for lycopene. Blastocyst development among experimental groups was fitted in mixed‐effects models, and blastocyst quality parameters (assessed via differential apoptotic staining) were evaluated in mixed linear regression models. The cleavage (85.3 ± 2.4, 82.6 ± 2.7, 86 ± 2.3 and 86.4 ± 2.3% for control, diluent control, ITSL and ITL, respectively) and day 8 blastocyst rates (37.4 ± 3.3, 36.9 ± 3.4, 39.7 ± 3.3 and 46.2 ± 3.4% for control, diluent control, ITSL and ITL, respectively) were not different (p > .1) among experimental groups. Embryos produced in the ITL group resulted in blastocysts with higher total cell numbers (TCN; 141 ± 19.2), inner cell mass (ICM; 65.3 ± 11.6) and trophectoderm cells (TE; 75.2 ± 8.8) compared with the control (129 ± 19.2, 56.3 ± 11.6 and 72.7 ± 8.8, for TCN, ICM and TE; p < .01, respectively). Lycopene‐supplemented groups (ITSL and ITL) resulted in blastocysts with similar TCN, ICM and TE (p > .2). The number of apoptotic cells was not different among experimental groups (p > .1). Lycopene supplementation to the culture medium only produced a numerical increase in the blastocyst rate but replacing selenium with lycopene in a serum‐free culture medium resulted in blastocysts with more cells.
A comprehensible machine learning tool to differentially diagnose idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from other chronic interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Furukawa Taiki , Oyama Shintaro , Yokota Hideo , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Kataoka Kensuke , Johkoh Takeshi , Fukuoka Junya , Hashimoto Naozumi , Sakamoto Koji , Shiratori Yoshimune , Hasegawa Yoshinori 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has poor prognosis, and the multidisciplinary diagnostic agreement is low. Moreover, surgical lung biopsies pose comorbidity risks. Therefore, using data from non‐invasive tests usually employed to assess interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), we aimed to develop an automated algorithm combining deep learning and machine learning that would be capable of detecting and differentiating IPF from other ILDs.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed consecutive patients presenting with ILD between April 2007 and July 2017. Deep learning was used for semantic image segmentation of HRCT based on the corresponding labelled images. A diagnostic algorithm was then trained using the semantic results and non‐invasive findings. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using five‐fold cross‐validation.ResultsIn total, 646,800 HRCT images and the corresponding labelled images were acquired from 1068 patients with ILD, of whom 42.7% had IPF. The average segmentation accuracy was 96.1%. The machine learning algorithm had an average diagnostic accuracy of 83.6%, with high sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient values (80.7%, 85.8% and 0.665, respectively). Using Cox hazard analysis, IPF diagnosed using this algorithm was a significant prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 2.593; 95% CI, 2.069–3.250; p < 0.001). Diagnostic accuracy was good even in patients with usual interstitial pneumonia patterns on HRCT and those with surgical lung biopsies.ConclusionUsing data from non‐invasive examinations, the combined deep learning and machine learning algorithm accurately, easily and quickly diagnosed IPF in a population with various ILDs.
Biodiscoveries within the Australian plant genus Eremophila based on international and interdisciplinary collaboration: results and perspectives on outstanding ethical dilemmas
Authors: Semple Susan J. , Staerk Dan , Buirchell Bevan J. , Fowler Rachael M. , Gericke Oliver , Kjaerulff Louise , Zhao Yong , Pedersen Hans Albert , Petersen Malene J. , Rasmussen Line Fentz , Bredahl Emilie Kold , Pedersen Gustav Blichfeldt , McNair Laura Mikél , Ndi Chi P. , Hansen Nikolaj Lervad , Heskes Allison M. , Bayly Michael J. , Loland Claus J. , Heinz Nanna , Møller Birger Lindberg 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYIn a cross‐continental research initiative, including researchers working in Australia and Denmark, and based on joint external funding by a 3‐year grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation, we have used DNA sequencing, extensive chemical profiling and molecular networking analyses across the entire Eremophila genus to provide new knowledge on the presence of natural products and their bioactivities using polypharmocological screens. Sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids and dimers of branched‐chain fatty acids with previously unknown chemical structures were identified. The collection of plant material from the Eremophila genus was carried out according to a ‘bioprospecting agreement’ with the Government of Western Australia. We recognize that several Eremophila species hold immense cultural significance to Australia's First Peoples. In spite of our best intentions to ensure that new knowledge gained about the genus Eremophila and any potential future benefits are shared in an equitable manner, in accordance with the Nagoya Protocol, we encounter serious dilemmas and potential conflicts in making benefit sharing with Australia's First Peoples a reality.
Opinions of nursing and theology faculty students on Xenotransplantation
Authors: Dogan Bahar Aslan , Saritas Serdar , Akturk Ummuhan , Akbulut Sami , Kucukakcali Zeynep , Erci Behice 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is mentioned that students' opinions about xenotransplantation (XTx) have been explored in a limited manner. In particular, there is no literature in Turkey on Nursing and Theology students' perspectives on XTx. This research aimed to find out what Nursing and Theology students thought about XTx.MethodsThis descriptive and cross‐sectional study was conducted on students studying at the Theology and Nursing faculties. The study population consisted of 2.581 students educated in these faculties. Without using any sampling method, it was aimed to reach all students, and 1.780 (70%) students were reached. Data were collected using a participant identification form and questionnaire form, which the researchers developed.ResultsThe difference between the answers given by the Nursing and Theology students to the information statements about XTx was statistically significant (p < .001). Nursing and Theology students’ attitudes to organ or tissue Tx from halal animals in case of necessity were positive (p < .001). While the nursing students’ attitude toward organ or tissue Tx from non‐helal animals in case of necessity was negative, Theology students had no idea (p < .001). In other attitude statements, while nursing students responded positively, Theology students responded as “I have no idea” (p ≤ .001).ConclusionTheology students tended to have the question about XTx and only positive attitude towards XTx from halal animals. Nursing students mostly had positive attitude, but negative when XTx is practiced out of necessity.
Energy Recovery of Expired Pistachios From Pyrolysis and CO2-Assisted Gasification
Authors: Cao Qin , Lu Wei , Li Jinhu , Burra Kiran G. , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The amount of food waste due to the product expiration date is growing globally each year. Although the expired food loses its nutritional and safe edible value, it still offers great energy conversion value. In this study, expired pistachios were pyrolyzed and gasified in a semi-batch reactor at temperatures of 873–1223 K. The gases components of the produced syngas were analyzed using a micro-gas chromatograph for the syngas yield, and gases mass flowrates as well as the energy of each component in the syngas were calculated. CO2 consumption from the gasification reaction at different temperatures was also evaluated. Experimental results showed that the syngas yield and syngas energy from pyrolysis and CO2-assisted gasification increased with the in-reaction temperatures. Higher reaction temperature resulted in a shorter reaction time for the evolution of the peak value of the syngas mass flowrate. During pyrolysis, the increase in temperature from 873 to 1223 K enhanced syngas yield by 8.6 times from 1.42 kJ/g to 13.62 kJ/g. However, during the CO2-assisted gasification, syngas energy increased from 5.43 kJ/g to 17.27 kJ/g in the temperature range of 973–1173 K. The CO2 consumption in the gasification of pistachio samples enhanced with the increase in reaction temperature. The mass of CO2 consumption at 1223 K was 0.67 g/g, which was 138 times higher than that of 0.005 g/g at 973 K. Furthermore, at the same temperature (1223 K), the syngas yield from gasification was 1.3 times higher than that from pyrolysis. Thus, higher temperatures promoted the reaction rate of gasification processes as well as the consumption of greenhouse gas (CO2). The CO2-assisted gasification technology is an effective pathway to convert expired food into clean sustainable energy.
Quantitative relationships between river and channel-belt planform patterns
Authors: Dong Tian Y. , Goudge Timothy A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Channel planform patterns arise from internal dynamics of sediment transport and fluid flow in rivers and are affected by external controls such as valley confinement. Understanding whether these channel patterns are preserved in the rock record has critical implications for our ability to constrain past environmental conditions. Rivers are preserved as channel belts, which are one of the most ubiquitous and accessible parts of the sedimentary record, yet the relationship between river and channel-belt planform patterns remains unquantified. We analyzed planform patterns of rivers and channel belts from 30 systems globally. Channel patterns were classified using a graph theory-based metric, the Entropic Braided Index (eBI), which quantifies the number of river channels by considering the partitioning of water and sediment discharge. We find that, after normalizing by river size, channel-belt width and wavelength, amplitude, and curvature of the belt edges decrease with increasing river channel number (eBI). Active flow in single-channel rivers occupies as little as 1% of the channel belt, while in multichannel rivers it can occupy &gt;50% of the channel belt. Moreover, we find that channel patterns lie along a continuum of channel numbers. Our findings have implications for studies on river and floodplain interaction, storage timescales of floodplain sediment, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction.
Silurian wildfire proxies and atmospheric oxygen
Authors: Glasspool Ian J. , Gastaldo Robert A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The earliest evidence of wildfire is documented from two localities: the early mid-Silurian Pen-y-lan Mudstone, Rumney, Wales (UK), and the late Silurian Winnica Formation, Winnica, Poland. Nematophytes dominate both charcoal assemblages. Reflectance data indicate low-temperature fires with localized intense conditions. Fire temperatures are greater in the older and less evolved assemblage. These charcoal assemblages and others, new and previously documented, from the Silurian and earliest Devonian are compared to box models of atmospheric oxygen concentration (pO2). Based on modern charring experiments, these data indicate pO2 is divergent from the broad trends predicted by the COPSE-revisited and GEOCARBSULFOR models. Sustained burns require a minimum pO2 threshold of 16%, or ~0.75 present atmospheric level. This threshold was first met and, our charcoal data indicate, was exceeded in the mid-Silurian and then, later in the Silurian, attained again repeatedly.
Concepts and metrics of clinician attention: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kissler Mark J , Kissler Katherine , Porter Samuel C , Keniston Angela , Jankousky Katherine , Burden Marisha 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThere is growing emphasis on the importance of both the cognitive and behavioural phenomenon of attention for clinicians engaged in patient care. Aspects of attention such as cognitive load, distraction and task switching have been studied in various settings with different methodologies. Using the protocol described here, we aim to systematically review the medical literature in order to map the concept of attention and to synthesise diverse concepts and methods under the broader category of research focused on ‘attention’.Methods and analysisFollowing the methodology described by the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O’Malley, our scoping review conducts an iterative search of Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline (PubMed) and EMBASE (Ovid). An initial limited search based on key concepts and terminology will generate relevant articles which in turn will be mined for additional keywords and index terms to guide a formal literature search. Our multidisciplinary team will extract data into a matrix, including a small random sample of the same studies (to ensure concordance), and present the results in a descriptive narrative format.Ethics and disseminationAs a secondary analysis, our study does not require ethics approval, and we will ensure that included studies have appropriate approval. We anticipate results will identify diverse ways of conceptualising clinician attention and will provide a foundation for developing additional metrics and study methods to optimise attention in the clinical environment. We will disseminate results through journals and conferences and coordinate with colleagues doing work in adjacent fields.
Compliance of healthcare workers with the infection prevention and control guidance in tertiary care hospitals: quantitative findings from an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study in Bangladesh
Authors: Salwa Marium , Haque M Atiqul , Islam Syed Shariful , Islam Mohammad Tanvir , Sultana Sarmin , Khan Md Maruf Haque , Moniruzzaman Syed 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo assess healthcare workers’ (HCWs) compliance with the infection prevention and control (IPC) practices and identify the factors influencing this compliance using the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework.DesignQuantitative data from an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study were employed in this research.Participants and settingsFrom 17 May to 30 August 2020, 604 physicians and nurses working at six randomly selected tertiary care facilities in Dhaka City in Bangladesh took part in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCompliance with the WHO’s guidance on IPC measures, as well as the associated factors, was the primary outcome.ResultsA mean compliance score of 0.49 (±0.25) was observed on a 0–1 scale. HCWs were most compliant with the medical mask wearing guidelines (81%) and were least compliant with the high-touch surface decontamination regulations (23%). Compliance with the IPC guidance was significantly associated with increasing age, female sex, working as a nurse, having non-communicable diseases and history of exposure to patients with COVID-19. Perceived benefits (B=0.039, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.076), self-efficacy (B=0.101, 95% CI 0.060 to 0.142) and cues to action (B=0.045, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.088) were positively associated with compliance. Compliance with IPC guidance was 0.061 times greater among participants who reported low perceived barriers compared with those with high perceived barriers.ConclusionOverall, compliance with IPC guidance among HCWs was unsatisfactory. As self-efficacy exerted the greatest contribution to compliance, it should be emphasised in any endeavour to improve HCWs’ IPC adherence. Such interventions should also focus on perceived barriers, including unreliability of the information sources, unsafe working places and unavailability of protective equipment and cues to action, including trust in the administration and availability of adequate IPC guidance.
Investigation of the optimal platinum-based regimen in the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy setting for early-stage resected non-small lung cancer: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Pang Lan-Lan , Gan Jia-Di , Huang Yi-Hua , Liao Jun , Lv Yi , Ali Wael Abdullah-Sultan , Zhang Li , Fang Wen-Feng 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different platinum adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for early-stage resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).DesignSystematic review with network meta-analysis of randomised trials.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus Google Scholar were searched through 12 March 2021.Eligibility criteriaEligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the postoperative platinum chemotherapy regimen with the observation-controlled group or comparing two platinum chemotherapy regimens head-to-head were included.Data extraction and synthesisThe primary outcome was the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy regimens including relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), 2-year, 3-year, 5-year RFS rate and OS rate. The secondary outcome was the rate of grade 3–4 toxicity assessments. Cochrane Handbook (V.5) was used for the risk of bias assessment. Analyses were performed using R software V.4.3.1.Results20 RCTs with a sample size of 5483 were enrolled in meta-analysis. The chemotherapy group had a significant RFS and OS advantage compared with the observation group (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.81, p<0.0001; HR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.88, p<0.0001, respectively). Compared with the observation arm, only the ‘cisplatin_vinorelbine’ regimen had a significant RFS and OS advantage (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.87; HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.87, respectively) while the remaining chemotherapy regimens had no significant difference of efficacy compared with the observation group. In terms of the safety of adjuvant chemotherapy, the incidence of haematological toxicities and nausea/vomiting was not significantly higher in the ‘cisplatin_vinorelbine’ arm than in other chemotherapy group.ConclusionThis study summarised the adjuvant cytotoxicity chemotherapy regimens for patients with early-stage resected NSCLC. Our analysis may provide some guiding significance for the clinicians when determining the optimal chemotherapy regimen.
Sleep behaviour and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention during cardiac rehabilitation: protocol for a longitudinal study
Authors: Huang Lan , Zhou Jie , Li Husheng , Wang Yiyan , Wu Xubo , Wu Jing 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionMost patients with coronary heart disease experience sleep disturbances and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), but their relationship during cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is still unclear. This article details a protocol for the study of sleep trajectory in patients with coronary heart disease during CR and the relationship between sleep and CRF. A better understanding of the relationship between sleep and CRF on patient outcomes can improve sleep management strategies.Methods and analysisThis is a longitudinal study with a recruitment target of 101 patients after percutaneous cardiac intervention from the Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai, China. Data collection will include demographic characteristics, medical history, physical examination, blood sampling, echocardiography and the results of cardiopulmonary exercise tests. The information provided by a 6-min walk test will be used to supplement the CPET. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index will be used to understand the sleep conditions of the participants in the past month. The Patient Health Questionnaire and General Anxiety Disorder Scale will be used to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. All participants will be required to wear an actigraphy on their wrists for 72 hours to monitor objective sleep conditions. This information will be collected four times within 6 months of CR, and patients will be followed up for 1 year. The growth mixture model will be used to analyse the longitudinal sleep data. The generalised estimating equation will be used to examine the associations between sleep and CRF during CR.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this observational longitudinal study was granted by the Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital Ethics Committee on 23 April 2021 (2021-7th-HIRB-012). Study results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journal articles.