bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated multi-omics analyses reveals molecules governing sperm metabolism potentially influence bull fertility
Authors: Talluri Thirumala Rao , Kumaresan Arumugam , Sinha Manish Kumar , Paul Nilendu , Ebenezer Samuel King John Peter , Datta Tirtha K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBull fertility is of paramount importance in bovine industry because semen from a single bull is used to breed several thousands of cows; however, so far, no reliable test is available for bull fertility prediction. In the present study, spermatozoa from high- and low-fertility bulls were subjected to high-throughput transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analysis. Using an integrated multi-omics approach the molecular differences between high- and low-fertility bulls were identified. We identified a total of 18,068 transcripts, 5041 proteins and 3704 metabolites in bull spermatozoa, of which the expression of 4766 transcripts, 785 proteins and 33 metabolites were dysregulated between high- and low-fertility bulls. At transcript level, several genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation pathway were found to be downregulated, while at protein level genes involved in metabolic pathways were significantly downregulated in low-fertility bulls. We found that metabolites involved in Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were significantly downregulated in low-fertility bulls. Integrated multi-omics analysis revealed the interaction of dysregulated transcripts, proteins and metabolites in major metabolic pathways, including Butanoate metabolism, Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, Methionine and cysteine metabolism, Phosphatidyl inositol phosphate, pyrimidine metabolism and saturated fatty acid beta oxidation. These findings collectively indicate that molecules governing sperm metabolism potentially influence bull fertility.
Canine root/cortical bone relation (CRCR) and the orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: El-Beialy Amr R. , El-Ashmawi Noha A. , Abd El-Ghafour Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis observational study evaluates three-dimensionally the relation between the root of maxillary canine and overlying labial cortical plate of bone during orthodontic canine retraction. Eighty-four bilateral maxillary canines in 42 patients were retracted in the extraction space of first premolars, using conventional orthodontic NiTi retraction spring delivering 150gm. Three-dimensional evaluation at the cusp tip, root apex, and the overlying cortical bone was done based on Classification of Root/Cortical bone relation (CRCR) before and after canine retraction. 168 observations of the canines pre- and post-retraction showed a mean distal movement of the canine cusp tip of 3.78(± 2.05) mm, while the canine root apex was almost stationary. Scarcely, 5.4% of the canine roots and root apices persisted in the medullary bone during retraction, while 16.1% contacted the overlying cortical bone. Fenestration of the overlying cortical bone by the canine roots or root apices occurred in 78.6% of the sample. The unembellished intimacy between the canine root and apex to the overlying thick dense cortical bone might have the decelerating effect on the maxillary canine retraction. The natural bone plate labial to the maxillary canine root did not yield infront nor enlarge due to canine retraction, but else defeated the current orthodontic biomechanical implementation.
A supramodal and conceptual representation of subsecond time revealed with perceptual learning of temporal interval discrimination
Authors: Xiong Ying-Zi , Guan Shu-Chen , Yu Cong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSubsecond time perception has been frequently attributed to modality-specific timing mechanisms that would predict no cross-modal transfer of temporal perceptual learning. In fact, perceptual learning of temporal interval discrimination (TID) reportedly shows either no cross-modal transfer, or asymmetric transfer from audition to vision, but not vice versa. However, here we demonstrate complete cross-modal transfer of auditory and visual TID learning using a double training paradigm. Specifically, visual TID learning transfers to and optimizes auditory TID when the participants also receive exposure to the auditory temporal interval by practicing a functionally orthogonal near-threshold tone frequency discrimination task at the same trained interval. Auditory TID learning also transfers to and optimizes visual TID with additional practice of an orthogonal near-threshold visual contrast discrimination task at the same trained interval. Practicing these functionally orthogonal tasks per se has no impact on TID thresholds. We interpret the transfer results as indications of a supramodal representation of subsecond time. Moreover, because TID learning shows complete transfer between modalities with vastly different temporal precisions, the sub-second time presentation must be conceptual. Double training may refine this supramodal and conceptual subsecond time representation and connect it to a new sense to improve time perception.
Understanding Necrosol pedogenetical processes in post-Roman burials developed on dunes sands
Authors: García-López Zaira , Martínez Cortizas Antonio , Álvarez-Fernández Noemi , López-Costas Olalla 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn Archaeology much emphasis is dedicated to bone preservation, but less attention is paid to the burial soil (i.e., Necrosol), despite its crucial role in governing the geochemical environment. The interaction between human remains and sediments starts after inhumation, leading to bidirectional physico-chemical changes. To approach these complex, bidirectional processes, we sampled at high resolution (n = 46) two post-Roman wooden coffin burials (one single and another double), and the coeval paleosol (n = 20; nearby pedo-sedimentary sequence). The samples were analysed for physical (grain size, colour) and chemical (pH; LOI; elemental composition: FTIR-ATR, XRF, C, N) properties. Principal component analysis enabled to identify five main pedogenetical processes: decalcification, melanization, acidification, neoformation of secondary minerals (i.e., clays) and enrichment in phosphorus. Melanization, acidification and phosphorous enrichment seem to be convergent processes in Necrosols—irrespective of the parent material. Decalcification may be restricted to carbonate containing soil/sediments. Despite not mentioned in previous research, clay formation might also be an overall process. Compared to the local, coeval paleosol, pedogenesis in the studied burial soils was low (double burial) to moderate (single burial). Our results also emphasize the need to study the finer soil fractions, as they provide clues both on soil formation and bone diagenesis.
Reduced and delayed myelination and volume of corpus callosum in an animal model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders partially benefit from voluntary exercise
Authors: Milbocker Katrina A. , LeBlanc Gillian L. , Brengel Eric K. , Hekmatyar Khan S. , Kulkarni Praveen , Ferris Craig F. , Klintsova Anna Y. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract1 in 20 live births in the United States is affected by prenatal alcohol exposure annually, creating a major public health crisis. The teratogenic impact of alcohol on physical growth, neurodevelopment, and behavior is extensive, together resulting in clinical disorders which fall under the umbrella term of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). FASD-related impairments to executive function and perceptual learning are prevalent among affected youth and are linked to disruptions to corpus callosum growth and myelination in adolescence. Targeted interventions that support neurodevelopment in FASD-affected youth are nonexistent. We evaluated the capacity of an adolescent exercise intervention, a stimulator of myelinogenesis, to upregulate corpus callosum myelination in a rat model of FASD (third trimester-equivalent alcohol exposure). This study employs in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scanning to investigate the effects of: (1) neonatal alcohol exposure and (2) an adolescent exercise intervention on corpus callosum myelination in a rodent model of FASD. DTI scans were acquired twice longitudinally (pre- and post-intervention) in male and female rats using a 9.4 Tesla Bruker Biospec scanner to assess alterations to corpus callosum myelination noninvasively. Fractional anisotropy values as well as radial/axial diffusivity values were compared within-animal in a longitudinal study design. Analyses using mixed repeated measures ANOVA’s confirm that neonatal alcohol exposure in a rodent model of FASD delays the trajectory of corpus callosum growth and myelination across adolescence, with a heightened vulnerability in the male brain. Alterations to corpus callosum volume are correlated with reductions to forebrain volume which mediates an indirect relationship between body weight gain and corpus callosum growth. While we did not observe any significant effects of voluntary aerobic exercise on corpus callosum myelination immediately after completion of the 12-day intervention, we did observe a beneficial effect of exercise intervention on corpus callosum volume growth in all rats. In line with clinical findings, we have shown that prenatal alcohol exposure leads to hypomyelination of the corpus callosum in adolescence and that the severity of damage is sexually dimorphic. Further, exercise intervention improves corpus callosum growth in alcohol-exposed and control rats in adolescence.
Prognostic prediction of preoperative nutritional status in low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms
Authors: Wang Bing , Ma Ruiqing , Shi Guanjun , Yang Zhenpeng , Tang Huazhen , Lu Shuai , Wang Yuying , Qu Jinxiu , Rao Benqiang , Xu Hongbin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo describe the preoperative nutritional status of Low-grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms (LAMNs) and identify prognostic factors for survival. Medical records from 165 patients with LAMNs who attended the Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China between January 2017, and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan–Meier method, the log-rank test, and a Cox proportional hazards model. Among 165 patients, 59 (36%) were male and 106 (64%) were female. Patient’s median age was 58 years (range 20 to 78 years). Univariate analysis indicated that gender, weight loss, prior surgical score (PSS), red blood cell, albumin, peritoneal cancer index (PCI), completeness of cytoreduction (CCR), and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) were related to prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that PSS, CCR and HIPEC were independent predictors of prognosis. The preoperative nutritional status of patients plays an important role in predicting prognosis. Patients can benefit from a complete cytoreductive surgery (CCRS) and HIPEC in an experienced institution for the first medical treatment.
The continuous and changing impact of affect on risky decision-making
Authors: Asutay Erkin , Västfjäll Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAffective experience has an important role in decision-making with recent theories suggesting a modulatory role of affect in ongoing subjective value computations. However, it is unclear how varying expectations and uncertainty dynamically influence affective experience and how dynamic representation of affect modulates risky choices. Using hierarchical Bayesian modeling on data from a risky choice task (N = 101), we find that the temporal integration of recently encountered choice parameters (expected value, uncertainty, and prediction errors) shapes affective experience and impacts subsequent choice behavior. Specifically, self-reported arousal prior to choice was associated with increased loss aversion, risk aversion, and choice consistency. Taken together, these findings provide clear behavioral evidence for continuous affective modulation of subjective value computations during risky decision-making.
Structure, optical properties and antimicrobial activities of MgO–Bi2−xCrxO3 nanocomposites prepared via solvent-deficient method
Authors: Al-Sharabi Annas , Sada’a Kholod S. S. , AL-Osta Ahmed , Abd-Shukor R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMgO–Bi2−xCrxO3 nanocomposites for x = 0 and 0.07 were fabricated using the solvent-deficient route. X-ray diffraction method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and UV–Vis spectroscopy were employed to study the properties. The samples were also evaluated for the antibacterial activity. The x = 0 sample showed a dominant monoclinic crystalline structure of $$\alpha\text{-}{\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$$

α

-Bi
2

O
3

phase. No peaks attributed to MgO were observed. Cr-doped $$\text{MgO}{-}{\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$$

MgO
-

Bi
2

O
3

in which Bi was substituted showed that $${\text{the tetragonal BiCrO}}_{3}$$

the tetragonal BiCrO

3

phase was also present in the $$\text{MgO}{-}{\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$$

MgO
-

Bi
2

O
3

composite. The Scherrer formula was employed to determine the crystallite size of the samples. The Cr-doped sample showed a decrease in the crystallite size. The microstructures of the non-doped MgO–Bi2O3 and MgO–Bi1.93Cr0.07O3 composites consisted of micrometer sized grains and were uniformly distributed. Direct transition energy gap, $${E}_{\text{g}}$$

E
g

decreased from 3.14 to 2.77 eV with Cr-doping as determined from UV–Vis spectroscopy. The Cr-doped $$\text{MgO}{-}{\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$$

MgO
-

Bi
2

O
3

nanocomposites exhibited two energy gaps at 2.36 and 2.76 eV. The antibacterial activity was determined against gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) by disc diffusion method. Cr-doping led to a decrease in inhibitory activity of MgO–Bi2−xCrxO3 nanocomposite against the various types of bacteria.
The crude oil biodegradation activity of Candida strains isolated from oil-reservoirs soils in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Otibi Fatimah , Al-Zahrani Rasha M. , Marraiki Najat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCrude oil (petroleum) is a naturally occurring complex composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. Bioremediation of crude oil-polluted sites is restricted by the biodiversity of indigenous microflora. They possess complementary substrates required for degrading the different hydrocarbons. In the current study, four yeast strains were isolated from different oil reservoirs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The oil-biodegradation ability of these isolates showed variable oxidation effects on multiple hydrocarbons. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed morphological changes in Candida isolates compared to the original structures. The drop-collapse and oil emulsification assays showed that yeast strains affected the physical properties of tested hydrocarbons. The content of biosurfactants produced by isolated strains was quantified in the presence of different hydrocarbons to confirm the oil displacement activity. The recovery assays included acid precipitation, solvent extraction, ammonium sulfate, and zinc sulfate precipitation methods. All these methods revealed that the amount of biosurfactants correlates to the type of tested hydrocarbons, where the highest amount was produced in crude oil contaminated samples. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of Candida isolated from contaminated soils for bioremediation of petroleum oil pollution. That raises the need for further analyses on the microbes/hydrocarbon degradation dynamics.
Clinical and laboratorial outcome of different age-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Jiangsu, China: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Wen Lihui , Chen Ziyan , Jin Ziyi , Pan Wenyou , Liu Lin , Wu Min , Ding Fuwan , Hu Huaixia , Ding Xiang , Wei Hua , Zou Yaohong , Qian Xian , Wang Meimei , Wu Jian , Tao Juan , Tan Jun , Da Zhanyun , Zhang Miaojia , Li Jing , Feng Xuebing , Liang Jun , Zhang Huayong , Sun Lingyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStudies on clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus among different age-onset patients are lacking in China. This multicentre study aimed to systemically compare clinical manifestations, comorbidities, organ involvement, and laboratory findings among 797 Chinese juvenile-onset, adult-onset, and late-onset SLE (JSLE, ASLE, and LSLE) patients. They were classified into JSLE, ASLE, and LSLE groups if first diagnosed at < 18, 18–50, and > 50 years old, respectively. Chi-square test and analysis of variance were employed for categorical and continuous variables respectively. In younger-onset patients, the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 score was significantly higher (JSLE vs. ASLE vs. LSLE = 17.43 ± 9.139 vs. 16.34 ± 8.163 vs. 14.08 ± 6.474,p = 0.031). Mucocutaneous symptoms (79.5% vs. 73.4% vs. 62.0%,p = 0.042), especially malar rash (76.1% vs. 66.1% vs. 53.5%,p = 0.011) occurred more frequently, and proteinuria rate was higher (54.5% vs. 56.3% vs. 36.6%,p = 0.007). In later-onset patients, cardiopulmonary involvement increased (11.4% vs. 24.3% vs. 29.6%,p = 0.012). In ASLE, hypoalbuminemia rate elevated (46.6% vs. 59.9% vs. 47.9%,p = 0.015). Our study demonstrated in a Chinese population that JSLE may be more active and suffer mucocutaneous disorders, while LSLE tended to suffer cardiopulmonary involvement at-onset. These findings may help identify treatment priorities when facing different age-onset SLE patients.
Topical antibiotics reduce CD11c+ cell numbers in the healthy murine cornea and modulate their response to contact lens wear
Authors: Datta Ananya , Lee Justin , Truong Tiffany , Evans David J. , Fleiszig Suzanne M. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPreviously we reported contact lens-induced CD11c+ cell responses in healthy mouse corneas, a phenomenon that also occurs in humans. To test involvement of ocular-associated bacteria, the impact of topical antibiotics on corneal CD11c+ cell populations during 24 h of lens wear was examined. Corneas were treated with gentamicin and ofloxacin (0.3%) or gentamicin alone, some also treated prior to lens wear (24 h). Contralateral PBS-treated eyes served as controls. CD11c-YFP (Yellow Fluorescent Protein) mice allowed CD11c+ cell visualization. Viable bacteria, on the ocular surface or contact lens, were labeled using FISH (16S rRNA-targeted probe) or click-chemistry (alkDala). Antibiotic treatment reduced baseline CD11c+ cell numbers without lens wear and suppressed CD11c+ cell responses to lens wear if corneas were both pretreated and treated during wear. Few bacteria colonized corneas or lenses under any circumstances. Conjunctival commensals were significantly reduced by antibiotics with or without lens wear, but minimally impacted by lens wear alone. Deliberate inoculation with conjunctival commensals triggered CD11c+ cell responses irrespective of antibiotic pretreatment. These results suggest that while lens wear does not necessarily increase quantifiable numbers of conjunctival commensals, those neutralized by antibiotics play a role in lens-associated CD11c+ cell responses and maintaining baseline CD11c+ cell populations.
Improvement of anti-corrosion performance of an epoxy coating using hybrid UiO-66-NH2/carbon nanotubes nanocomposite
Authors: Abdi Jafar , Izadi Mazdak , Bozorg Mansoor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, a porous nanocontainer from UiO-66-NH2/CNTs nanocomposite with an excellent barrier characteristics was constructed through amine-functionalized Zr-based metal organic framework. The characterization of the prepared nano-materials were performed using different analyses such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, and BET and the results proved the successful synthesize of UiO-66-NH2/CNTs nanocomposite. The corrosion protection performance of the coated panels was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), salt spray, and contact angle measurement. The EIS results revealed that unmodified and UiO-66-NH2 containing coating in 3.5 wt.% NaCl electrolyte were failed after 45 days but the corrosion was negligible in UiO-66-NH2/CNTs coating due to high pore resistance values even after 45 days. Salt spray and contact angle measurements confirmed that UiO-66-NH2/CNTs containing coating acts as an efficient barrier against wet saline environment even at long exposure times. This is attributed to uniform dispersion in the epoxy matrix and formation of a uniform nanocomposite coating.
Chicken embryo lethality assay for determining the lethal dose, tissue distribution and pathogenicity of clinical Enterococcus cecorum isolates from poultry
Authors: Dolka Beata , Czopowicz Michał , Dolka Izabella , Szeleszczuk Piotr 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnterococcus cecorum is a well-known component of the normal poultry intestinal microbiota and an important bacterial pathogen. Infections caused by E. cecorum have negative effects on the poultry production worldwide. In this study we used the SPF-chicken embryo lethality assay (ELA) to assess the pathogenic potential of E. cecorum. A total of 23 isolates were used: 19 clinical isolates from field outbreaks in different poultry groups (CB – broiler chickens, BB – broiler breeders, CL – layers, T– turkeys, W – waterfowl) and 4 commensal isolates. The cumulative mortality caused by all clinical isolates was higher (53.4%) than that of the commensals (38.9%). The highest mortality was induced by CB isolates (68.9%), followed by CL (60.4%), all chicken isolates (59.2%; CB, BB, CL), BB (45.8%), T (41.7%), non-chicken isolates (40.7%; T, W), and W isolates (39.8%). Most of the embryos that died, did die on the 1st day post-infection (dpi), except those infected with CB, CL (on 2 dpi). The median lethal dose (LD50) of E. cecorum ranged from 6.07 × 102 cfu/ml (CB isolates) and 1.42 × 104 cfu/ml (all clinical isolates) to 4.8 × 105 cfu/ml (commensal isolates). This study provides the first evidence of a wide tissue distribution and multiplication of E. cecorum in embryos. Dead embryos showed scattered petechiae, hemorrhages, aggregates of bacteria in blood vessels, multiple organ necrosis, and encephalomalacia. Our data indicate that surviving embryos were able to elicit innate immune response to infection. On the other hand, reisolation of viable bacteria from surviving embryos may suggest that E. cecorum could evade or resist immune mechanisms in order to persist in organs. Furthermore, body mass of surviving embryos was affected by the strain type, not the dose (bacterial concentration) used, and was lower for the infection with clinical strains. The results indicated the highest pathogenicity of clinical E. cecorum isolates from CB and CL flocks.
Spatial analysis of global Bitcoin mining
Authors: Sun Wei , Jin Haitao , Jin Fengjun , Kong Lingming , Peng Yihao , Dai Zhengjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBitcoin mining is not only the fundamental process to maintain Bitcoin network, but also the key linkage between the virtual cryptocurrency and the physical world. A variety of issues associated with it have been raised, such as network security, cryptoasset management and sustainability impacts. Investigating Bitcoin mining from a spatial perspective will provide new angles and empirical evidence with respect to extant literature. Here we explore the spatial distribution of Bitcoin mining through bottom-up tracking and geospatial statistics. We find that mining activity has been detected at more than 6000 geographical units across 139 countries and regions, which is in line with the distributed design of Bitcoin network. However, in terms of computing power, it has demonstrated a strong tendency of spatial concentration and association with energy production locations. We also discover that the spatial distribution of Bitcoin mining is dynamic, which fluctuates with diverse patterns, according to economic and regulatory changes.