bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Oncology Advanced Practice Professional Willingness to Participate in Medical Aid in Dying
Authors: Singer Jonathan , Daum Courtney , Shen Megan J. , Zecha Gabrielle , Kaplan Louise , Plakovic Kathy , Blazey Meagan , Arnold Molly , Silko Barbara , Baker Kelsey , Loggers Elizabeth T. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceIn 2021, New Mexico passed legislation allowing nurse practitioners and physician assistants (referred to herein as advanced practice professionals [APPs]) to prescribe medications for medical aid in dying (MAID). Other US states with existing MAID laws (eg, Washington) are also considering expanding MAID prescribing authority to APPs. There is a lack of research exploring APP knowledge of, willingness to, and comfort with acting as a prescribing or consulting clinician for MAID.ObjectiveTo assess perspectives of oncology APPs regarding MAID, including their willingness to prescribe and/or consult for MAID and factors associated with willingness.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional, self-report survey study used data collected from APPs working at a comprehensive cancer center in Washington State in fall 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary survey question was whether APPs would be willing to participate in death with dignity, the term used for MAID in Washington. Survey questions evaluated how influential specific factors were on APP views on MAID as well as respondents’ knowledge of and comfort with aspects of the MAID process.ResultsOf 167 eligible APPs, 77 (46.1%) responded to the survey. Most respondents (68 [88.3%]) reported their race and ethnicity as White; 72 (93.5%) identified as a woman. Medical oncology (28 [36.4%]) was the most common field of practice, and 21 respondents (27.3%) reported having practiced as an APP for 6 to 10 years. Of all respondents, 61 (79.2%) reported having at least 1 patient who inquired about MAID; depending on the question, less than a third of respondents (5.0%-27.0%) endorsed feeling knowledgeable or very knowledgeable about any aspect of the MAID process. In this study, 39 APPs (50.6%) endorsed being willing to participate in MAID either as a consulting or prescribing clinician, whereas 31 (40.3%) were uncertain of whether they would participate. Willingness to participate was associated with having had more patients pursue MAID (33 of the 39 willing participants [84.6%] vs 15 of the 31 unsure participants [48.4%] reported having 1 or more patients pursue MAID). Higher knowledge and comfort scores were both significantly associated with increased odds of being willing to participate (odds ratio, 1.14 per 1-point score increase [95% CI, 1.03-1.27]; P = .01) vs unsure (1.18 [95% CI, 1.07-1.30; P = .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this survey study suggest that oncology APPs may require preparation for the addition of MAID to their scope of practice. This study also raises questions for future research regarding support for APPs who may be considering participation in MAID but question their role or want physician involvement.
Time‐resolved transcriptomics of mouse gastric pit cells during postnatal development reveals features distinct from whole stomach development
Authors: Wei Ying , Xu Zeqian , Hu Miaomiao , Wu Zhongqin , Liu Axian , Czajkowsky Daniel M. , Guo Yan , Shao Zhifeng 
Published: October 2022

Whole‐organ transcriptomic analyses have emerged as a common method for characterizing developmental transitions in mammalian organs. However, it is unclear if all cell types in an organ follow the whole‐organ defined developmental trajectory. Recently, a postnatal two‐stage developmental process was described for the mouse stomach. Here, using laser capture microdissection to obtain in situ transcriptomic data, we show that mouse gastric pit cells exhibit four postnatal developmental stages. Interestingly, early stages are characterized by the up‐regulation of genes associated with metabolism, a functionality not typically associated with pit cells. Hence, beyond revealing that not all constituent cells develop according to the whole‐organ determined pathway, these results broaden our understanding of the pit cell phenotypic landscape during stomach development.
Multiple Shape Manipulation of Liquid Crystal Polymers Containing Diels‐Alder Network
Authors: Huang Xin , Qin Lang , Wang Jinlei , Zhang Xiao , Peng Bo , Yu Yanlei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultiple shape manipulation of soft materials, including reversible deformation, shape memory effect, and shape remolding, are highly desirable in morphing structures and soft actuators. Although liquid crystal network (LCN) is a promising candidate for realizing anisotropic reversible deformation, developing LCN with multiple shape manipulation remains a multitude of challenges, which is limited to the regulation of mesogens alignment and network topological rearrangement. Here, multiple shape manipulation is demonstrated by a newly designed LCN containing azobenzene moieties and a dynamic Diels‐Alder (DA) network. Photodeformation of the LCN is attributed to the ordered lamellar structure of mesogens formed by annealing‐induced self‐assembly. Light‐induced shape memory effect leads to reprogrammable shape changes due to the light‐switchable glass transition temperature of the azobenzene‐containing LCN. Moreover, the dynamic equilibrium of the DA network endows the LCN with liquid state remoldability and solid state plasticity, which further contributes to diverse 3D geometric shapes in shape remolding. Such LCN exhibiting flexible deformation and remolding properties provides a new photoresponsive block for the fabrication of soft actuators.
3D Printed Fractal Metamaterials with Tunable Mechanical Properties and Shape Reconfiguration
Authors: Wang Dong , Dong Le , Gu Guoying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLattice metamaterials constructed by curved microstructures exhibit large stretchability and are promising in soft electronics and soft robotics. Fractal structures are particularly efficient in improving stretchability as it shows multiple‐order uncurling. However, the development of fractal metamaterials is hindered by hierarchical structures and large deformations. In this study, a design framework combining experiments, hierarchical theoretical models, and finite element simulations is developed to program the mechanical behaviors of fractal metamaterials. For 3D printing, a digital design tool is developed to visualize the structure and automatically generate the manufacturing representations. Results show that large stretchability (≈360%), bionic stress–strain curve matching, and imperfection insensitivity can be programmed by tuning the geometric parameters. An integrated device of an electromyogram sensor embedded in an imperfection‐insensitive fractal metamaterial that matches the J‐shaped stress–strain curve of human skin is demonstrated. Light‐emitting diode devices based on fractal metamaterial with shape reconfiguration are also presented. This st paves a new way to realize multifunctional soft devices using fractal metamaterials.
Eutectic Electrolytes with Doubly‐Bound Water for High‐Stability Zinc Anodes
Authors: Han Dong , Sun Tianjiang , Zhang RuoChen , Zhang Weijia , Ma Tao , Du Haihui , Wang Qiaoran , He Dan , Zheng Shibing , Tao Zhanliang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aqueous zinc‐ion battery has the advantages of environmental friendliness, safety, and reliability, which is expected to be used for large‐scale energy storage. However, due to the high activity of water, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) easily occurs on the surface of the zinc anode during the charge–discharge process, which is accompanied by corrosion, by‐products, and dendrite formation. Herein, a new‐type eutectic electrolyte consisting of ZnCl2, tetramethylurea (TMU), and H2O with the optimal molar ratio of 1:3:1 (ZT‐1) is developed for the high‐stability zinc anodes. The H2O in this system is doubly bound through the coordination with Zn2+ and the hydrogen bonding with TMU, thus leading to the greatly inhibited activity of H2O. In addition, the H2O and TMU are successively stripped during the desolvation process of ZnCl2(TMU)(H2O), followed by the deposition of [ZnCl2] at the zinc interface. In this way, the tendency of HER, corrosion, dendrites, and by‐products induced by the decomposition of H2O molecules at the zinc interface is minimized, enabling a much more stable plating/stripping process of Zn2+. Consequently, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell can stably cycle for >2000 h, while the Zn//Cu half cell can stably cycle 800 times with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%.
Enhancing the Kinetics of Zinc Ion Deposition by Catalytic Ion in Polymer Electrolytes for Advanced Zn–MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Hu Jinling , Qu Yuanduo , Shi Fengwei , Wang Junkai , He Xia , Liao Siqi , Duan Lianfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe practicality of zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) is compromise seriously because of the mutual restrictions of hydrogen evolution, by‐product formation and zincdendrite growth. Herein, anhydrous gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with catalytic ions and in situdomain‐constrained zinc ions are designed. Innovatively, copper ions are confined in the network structure of the gel for accelerating the deposition and migration kinetics of zinc ions. Not only does this anhydrous GPEs exhibit strong mechanicaland thermal properties, but it also presents a high ionic conductivity (24.32 mS cm−1) and a high zinc ion transference number (0.42). Consequently, the anhydrous GPEs is capable of stable cycling of symmetrical Zn cells at 1 mA cm−2 with acumulative capacity of 1000 mAh cm−2 and maintaines a high discharge specific capacity of 124.6 mAh g−1 after 1000 long‐term cycles of the Zn‐MnO2 battery (ZMB) at 1 C. The synergistic catalytic strategy of composite gel opens new opportunities for a promising pathway to facilitate the large‐scale application of ZIBs with hydrogel electrolytes.
Molecular Bridge Assisted Bifacial Defect Healing Enables Low Energy Loss for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Jidong , Zhang Huifeng , Wei Kun , Xiao Yuanhui , Zhang Cuiping , Yang Li , Zhang Xiaoli , Wu Deyin , Yang Ye , Zhang Jinbao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterface engineering is of paramount importance for optimizing carrier dynamics and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but little attention has been paid to understanding and managing the buried interfaces. Here, a molecular bridge strategy is developed to modify the properties of buried interfaces in n–i–p PSCs by introducing a multi‐functional additive 2‐Hydroxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (ChCl) in the bottom SnO2 electron transport layer. The ChCl treatment enables bifacial defects passivation and improved perovskite quality, leading to notably enhanced electron extraction and suppressed non‐radiative recombination at the buried interfaces. As a result, a significantly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 20.0% to 23.07% with a remarkable open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of up to 1.193 V is achieved, along with superior stability (up to 4000 h) for the unsealed devices under different conditions (moisture, heat and maximum power point). Furthermore, this molecular bridge strategy demonstrates the ability to release the stress in perovskite thin film and simultaneously strengthen the interfacial toughness in flexible PSCs, yielding remarkable mechanical stability and a champion PCE of 21.50%. This study offers deep insights into understanding and engineering the buried interfaces and provides effective strategies to further enhance the performance and stability of PSCs.
Carbon Nanocoils/Carbon Foam as the Dynamically Frequency‐Tunable Microwave Absorbers with an Ultrawide Tuning Range and Absorption Bandwidth
Authors: Wu Lihong , Shi Shaohua , Wang Guizhen , Mou Pengpeng , Liu Xiao , Liu Jun , Li Liang , Du Changlong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe absorption frequency of conventional microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) is hardly tuned in operando, while such dynamic frequency regulation of MAMs is of great significance to meet the high demands of modern radars and intelligent electron devices. Here, an ingenious frequency‐tuning strategy by means of the pressure variations is developed by fabricating highly compressible carbon nanocoils/carbon foam (CNCs/CF) as a dynamically frequency‐tunable microwave absorber. Through adjusting the compression strain, the absorption bandwidth of CNCs/CF can be precisely tuned from S‐band (2−4 GHz) to Ku‐band (12−18 GHz). The adjustable effective absorption bandwidth is as wide as 15.4 GHz, which covers 96% of the entire microwave frequency. Under 10% compression strain, CNCs/CF shows an attractive bandwidth of 9.0 GHz and a strong reflection loss of −64.6 dB. Furthermore, the CNCs/CF also exhibit a good thermal insulation, strong hydrophobicity, and strain‐sensitive conductivity, endowing them with fascinating functions of heat insulation and self‐cleaning. The method of utilizing an external pressure to dynamically adjust the absorption frequencies of CNCs/CF is demonstrated for the first time, which opens an avenue for the applications of dynamically frequency‐tunable MAMs with an ultrawide adjusting range and absorption bandwidth.
Deciphering the Role of Side‐Chain Engineering and Solvent Vapor Annealing for Binary All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Tongle , Lv Jie , Chen Zhanxiang , Luo Zhenghui , Zhang Guangye , Liu Heng , Huang Hui , Hu Dingqin , Lu Xinhui , Lu Shirong , Yang Chuluo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFibrous interpenetrating network structure morphology is extremely crucial for all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (ASM‐OSCs) in achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Rational molecular design and suitable posttreatment to the film are feasible methods to accomplish this goal. Herein, two small molecule donors, namely T4 and T6, with different substituents on their selenophene conjugated units, alkyl for T4 while trialkylsilyl for T6, are developed. Both as cast devices obtain poor PCEs (≈4.5%) when blending these two donors with N3 due to the oversize phase separation. Satisfactorily, the PCEs are dramatically increased after CS2 annealing, which mainly originates from the favorable reorganization of donor and acceptor in the active layer, ultimately improving the phase separation and vertical electronic properties. As a result, the device based on trialkylsilyl‐substituted T6 acquires a remarkable PCE of 16.03%, much higher than that of the blends of alkyl‐substituted T4 and N3 (12.61%). The enhanced PCE of the T6‐based device is attributed to the deeper HOMO energy levels, more obvious fibrous interpenetrating networks, and stronger molecular interaction between T6 and N3, as compared with T4‐based ones. This study indicates that precise molecular design and the proper posttreatment process can be a brilliant approach for realizing highly efficient ASM‐OSCs.
Large‐Area Flexible Organic Solar Cells with a Robust Silver Nanowire‐Polymer Composite as Transparent Top Electrode
Authors: Xie Cong , Liu Yang , Wei Wanxia , Zhou Yinhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUpscaling of efficient flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) is still a challenging task, where flexible transparent electrode is a key limiting factor. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are widely used as flexible transparent electrodes to fabricate efficient small‐area flexible OSCs, but the high surface roughness of AgNWs electrodes causes large leakage current and performance deterioration in large‐area OSCs. In this study, it is reported that a strategy of switching the bottom AgNWs electrode and the top Ag film electrode to avoid the detrimental effect of the high surface roughness of AgNWs electrodes. Mechanical robustness of the AgNWs has been enhanced by introducing a cross‐linked poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) layer. The AgNWs‐polymer transparent film is fabricated by water transfer printing as the top electrode. 21 cm2 flexible organic modules containing 10 sub‐cells are fabricated and delivered power conversion efficiencies of 12.3% with the design of switched electrodes.
Controlled Delivery of Corticosteroids Using Tunable Tough Adhesives
Authors: Koh Esther , Freedman Benjamin R , Ramazani Farshad , Gross Johannes , Graham Adam , Kuttler Andreas , Weber Eckhard , Mooney David J 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHydrogel‐based drug delivery systems typically aim to release drugs locally to tissue in an extended manner. Tissue adhesive alginate‐polyacrylamide tough hydrogels are recently demonstrated to serve as an extended‐release system for the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide. Here, the stimuli‐responsive controlled release of triamcinolone acetonide from the alginate‐polyacrylamide tough hydrogel drug delivery systems (TADDS) and evolving new approaches to combine alginate‐polyacrylamide tough hydrogel with drug‐loaded nano and microparticles, generating composite TADDS is described. Stimulation with ultrasound pulses or temperature changes is demonstrated to control the release of triamcinolone acetonide from the TADDS. The incorporation of laponite nanoparticles or PLGA microparticles into the tough hydrogel is shown to further enhance the versatility to control and modulate the release of triamcinolone acetonide. A first technical exploration of a TADDS shelf‐life concept is performed using lyophilization, where lyophilized TADDS are physically stable and the bioactive integrity of released triamcinolone acetonide is demonstrated. Given the tunability of properties, the TADDS are a suggested technology platform for controlled drug delivery.
Impact‐Resistant Hydrogels by Harnessing 2D Hierarchical Structures
Authors: Liang Xiangyu , Chen Guangda , Lei Iek Man , Zhang Pei , Wang Zeyu , Chen Xingmei , Lu Mengze , Zhang Jiajun , Wang Zongbao , Sun Taolin , Lan Yang , Liu Ji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the strengthening capacity through harnessing multi‐length‐scale structural hierarchy, synthetic hydrogels hold tremendous promise as a low‐cost and abundant material for applications demanding unprecedented mechanical robustness. However, integrating high impact resistance and high water content, yet superior softness, in a single hydrogel material still remains a grand challenge. Here, a simple, yet effective, strategy involving bidirectional freeze‐casting and compression‐annealing is reported, leading to a hierarchically structured hydrogel material. Rational engineering of the distinct 2D lamellar structures, well‐defined nanocrystalline domains and robust interfacial interaction among the lamellae, synergistically contributes to a record‐high ballistic energy absorption capability (i.e., 2.1 kJ m−1), without sacrificing their high water content (i.e., 85 wt%) and superior softness. Together with its low‐cost and extraordinary energy dissipation capacity, the hydrogel materials present a durable alternative to conventional hydrogel materials for armor‐like protection circumstances.
Ultralow‐Temperature Li/CFx Batteries Enabled by Fast‐Transport and Anion‐Pairing Liquefied Gas Electrolytes
Authors: Yin Yijie , Holoubek John , Liu Alex , Sayahpour Baharak , Raghavendran Ganesh , Cai Guorui , Han Bing , Mayer Matthew , Schorr Noah B. , Lambert Timothy N. , Harrison Katharine L. , Li Weikang , Chen Zheng , Meng Y. Shirley 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLithium fluorinated‐carbon (Li/CFx) is one of the most promising chemistries for high‐energy‐density primary energy‐storage systems in applications where rechargeability is not required. Though Li/CFx demonstrates high energy density (>2100 Wh kg−1) under ambient conditions, achieving such a high energy density when exposed to subzero temperatures remains a challenge, particularly under high current density. Here, a liquefied gas electrolyte with an anion‐pair solvation structure based on dimethyl ether with a low melting point (−141 °C) and low viscosity (0.12 mPa s, 20 °C), leading to high ionic conductivity (>3.5 mS cm−1) between −70 and 60 °C is reported. Besides that, through systematic X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy integrated with transmission electron microscopy characterizations, the interface of CFx is evaluated for low‐temperature performance. The fast transport and anion‐pairing solvation structure of the electrolyte are concluded to bring about reduced charge‐transfer resistance at low temperatures, which results in significantly enhanced performance of Li/CFx cells (1690 Wh kg−1, −60 °C based on active materials). Utilizing 50 mg cm−2 loading electrodes, the Li/CFx still displays 1530 Wh kg−1 at −60 °C. This work provides insights into the electrolyte design that may overcome the operational limits of batteries in extreme environments.
Borate‐Based Surface Coating of Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Disordered Rocksalt Cathode Materials
Authors: Shirazi Moghadam Yasaman , El Kharbachi Abdel , Cambaz Musa Ali , Dinda Sirshendu , Diemant Thomas , Hu Yang , Melinte Georgian , Fichtner Maximilian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUpon cycling, Li‐rich Mn‐based disordered rocksalt (DRS) oxyfluoride cathode materials undergo unwanted degradation processes, which are triggered by chemical side reactions or irreversible oxygen redox activity, especially at high voltages and in contact with the electrolyte. A surface coating can be an effective strategy to mitigate these parasitic reactions. However, oxyfluorides generally experience limited stability, which makes the application of coatings requiring high temperatures challenging. For this purpose, this study is dealing with the implementation of a chemically inert and Li ion conducting borate‐based coating at mild‐temperature (300 °C), following a dry process on the Li2Mn2/3Ti1/3O2F particles. Electrochemical characterization, as function of the amount of coating, C‐rate and temperature, indicate that the coated samples possess considerably improved capacity retention and reduced Mn‐dissolution, however, at the cost of a measurable initial capacity loss. The authors further demonstrate that the presence of the coating reduces the interfacial resistance, which is beneficial for Li ion transfer. The 3 wt%‐coated sample loses only 27% of the capacity, where around 130 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles is retained. The utilization of surface modification can open up a path for further development of DRS cathode materials with high performance for Li‐ion batteries.
Organs‐on‐Chips: Trends and Challenges in Advanced Systems Integration
Authors: Mughal Sheeza , López‐Muñoz Gerardo A. , Fernández‐Costa Juan M. , Cortés‐Reséndiz Armando , De Chiara Francesco , Ramón‐Azcón Javier 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOrgan‐on‐chip platforms combined with high‐throughput sensing technology allow bridging gaps in information presented by 2D cultures modeled on static microphysiological systems. While these platforms do not aim to replicate whole organ systems with all physiological nuances, they try to mimic relevant structural, physiological, and functional features of organoids and tissues to best model disease and/or healthy states. The advent of this platform has not only challenged animal testing but has also presented the opportunity to acquire real‐time, high‐throughput data about the pathophysiology of disease progression by employing biosensors. Biosensors allow monitoring of the release of relevant biomarkers and metabolites as a result of physicochemical stress. It, therefore, helps conduct quick lead validation to achieve personalized medicine objectives. The organ‐on‐chip industry is currently embarking on an exponential growth trajectory. Multiple pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are adopting this technology to enable quick patient‐specific data acquisition at substantially low costs.