bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between optical and electrophysical data on free electron concentration in n-InAs samples
Authors: Yugova T. G. , Belov A. G. , Kanevskii V. E. , Kladova E. I. , Knyazev S. N. , Parfent'eva I. B. 
Published: June 2022

A theoretical model has been developed for determining free electron concentration in n-InAs from characteristic points in far infrared region of reflection spectra. We show that when determining free electron concentration one should take into account the plasmon-phonon coupling, otherwise free electron concentration will be overestimated. We have calculated electron concentration, Nopt, as a function of characteristic wave number, ν+, which is described by a third order polynomial. Twenty one n-InAs samples (5-doped with tin and 16-doped with sulfur) have been tested at room temperature for electron concentration using two methods, i.e., the conventional four-probe (Van der Pau) method (NHall) and the optical method developed by us (Nopt). The reflective surfaces of investigated samples were processed either with chemical-mechanical polishing or treating with short-grained abrasive powder. It was shown that for all the investigated samples the condition Nopt > NHall was relevant. The difference between optical and electrophysical electron concentration values has been shown to be greater in case of chemically polished reflective surface of the sample and smaller in case of abrasive-treated one. The experimental results have been compared with the same data previously obtained for n-GaAs samples. Qualitative model has been suggested to explain obtained experimental data.
Analisis Perbandingan Karakteristik antara AC-WC Asbuton dengan Cold Paving Hot Mix Asbuton (CPHMA)
Authors: Pinangkaan Valdo , Sompie Tampanatu P. F. , Sudarno Sudarno 
Published: June 2022

Jalan beraspal meningkatkan mobilitas orang dan barang supaya lebih mudah, aman dan nyaman. Jenis aspal terdiri dari aspal alam dan aspal minyak, seiring perkembangan teknologi campuran aspal Asbuton dipadatkan pada temperatur ruang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perbandingan nilai karakteristik Asbuton yang dimodifikasi atau Asbuton pra-campur untuk bahan pengikat dicampuran Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) dengan Cold Paving Hot-Mix Asbuton (CPHMA). Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan melakukan pengujian laboratorium. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan persentase komposisi AC-WC Asbuton: batu pecah 13-19 = 9.0%, batu pecah 5-13 = 43.0%, abu batu = 47.0% dan filler = 1.0%. Nilai Kadar Aspal Optimum untuk AC-WC Asbuton dengan variasi Kadar Aspal 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7% adalah 6.35%. Berdasarkan perbandingan nilai yang diperoleh, AC-WC Asbuton memiliki kepadatan serta ketahanan dalam menerima beban kendaraan yang lebih baik dari CPHMA. CPHMA memiliki rongga dalam campuran dan rongga dalam agregat yang lebih banyak dibandingkan AC-WC Asbuton.
ANALISA PENGARUH KRISIS GLOBAL FINANCIAL TERHADAP JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII) DAN INDEX HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN (IHSG)
Authors: Fitriany Fitriany 
Published: June 2022

The financial crisis in the United State on September 2008 has created global impact to the world economy, including the performace of capital markets. Most of market indexes around the world fall down significantly, including marketÂ indexes in Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). There were five market index in BEI, namely IHSG, LQ 45, MBX, DBX, and JII. This research is mainly aim to examine the influence of the US financial crisis to the performace of JII and IHSG. In addition, the relation ofÂ JII and IHSG to DowJones Index, Tokyo Index, and Hongkong Index are also examined. To get the aim done, a Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) is utilized. VAR is an appropriate model to examine a simultaneous relationship with capability to tract impulse response among variables. The research findings show the US financial crisis has created significant shocks toward JII and IHSG during September to October 2008. Both IHSG and JII has constantly decrease during 8 weeks, but IHS was getting recovered quicker than JII. The investment rather than speculation motive of the players in JII cound be the answer for this finding.
Encoder Hurwitz Integers: The Hurwitz integers that have the ”division with small remainder” property
Authors: Duran Ramazan , Güzeltepe Murat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The modulo function is used to construct signal constellations over high-dimensional vector spaces such as Gaussian integers, Einstein-Jacobi integers, and quaternion integers. There is a one-to-one relationship between the Euclid division and the modulo function. If the Euclid division works for any quaternion integers, then it has the ”division with small remainder” property. The Hurwitz integers form a subring of ring of quaternions. Hurwitz constellations are constructed by using modulo with primitive Hurwitz integers whose norm is a prime integer. If the norm of Hurwitz integers is not a prime integer, then we can not set up an isomorphism between the residual class ring of ordinary integers and the left (right) equivalence class of Hurwitz integers since the size of sets is to be different. In this study, to solve this problem, we define a new set, named encoder Hurwitz integers, consisting of primitive Hurwitz integers that have the ”division with small remainder” property as an alternative instead of the set of primitive Hurwitz integers. Also, we investigate their performance over additive Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel by means of constellation figure of merit (CFM), average energy, minimum square Euclidean distance, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
The effect of early stellate ganglion BLOCK in Cerebral VasoSpasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (BLOCK-CVS): study protocol for a randomized, blinded-endpoint assessment clinical trial
Authors: Jing Longnian , Wu Youxuan , Liang Fa , Jian Minyu , Bai Yang , Wang Yunzhen , Liu Haiyang , Wang Anxin , Chen Xiaolin , Han Ruquan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction Stellate ganglion block has been reported to expand cerebral vessels and alleviate vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, the causal relationship between early stellate ganglion block and cerebral vasospasm prevention has not yet been established. Methods/design This is a single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded-endpoint assessment trial to explore the effectiveness and safety of early stellate ganglion block as a preventive treatment for cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. A total of 228 patients will be randomized within 48 h of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage onset in a 1:1 ratio to two groups with an additional e-SGB or only a camouflaging action before craniotomy aneurysm clipping. The primary efficacy outcome is the incidence of symptomatic vasospasm within 14 days after aSAH. Further safety and efficacy parameters include the incidence of radiographic vasospasm, new cerebral infarction, postoperative delirium, and complications up to 90 days, postoperative cerebral hemodynamics, mini-mental state examination, the modified Rankin scale and all-cause mortality up to 90 days.Discussion This is the first randomized controlled trial to explore the effectiveness and safety of early stellate ganglion block as a preventive treatment to reduce cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. If the result is positive, it may provide a new direction for the prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04691271
Membrane Distillation (MD) as a desalination component in hybrid desalination process combinations for small Island Applications
Authors: Thomas Sanju , Kandaswamy Ravi Kumar , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar , Thomas Sheffy , Sahoo Sudhansu , Kumar Ajith 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The brine volume and environmental damage are key factors to consider desalination as a water source for small islands. Membrane distillation (MD) is still evolving to be used as a single source for desalination with constraints in pre-treatment and pore wetting. However reverse osmosis (RO) is optimised and thermal desalination is heat intensive. A combination of various desalination technologies with MD for seawater and brackish water at 35000ppm and 15000ppm is evaluated with low thermal renewable energy source. It is identified that while RO-MD combination for brackish and seawater desalination may have the least capital and operation cost, there isn’t much difference in levelised production cost considering increased recovery with combinations of RO-MD with Forward Osmosis (FO), Pressure Assisted Forward Osmosis (PAFO), Multi Effective Distillation (MED) and Counter Flow Reverse Osmosis (CFRO). The brine reduction rates are found to be halved with an increase in capital and operational cost of 50% and more. The unit cost of production for RO-MD is found to be INR 0.06 for brackish and INR 0.23 for seawater desalination. The addition of components will reduce the brine production, while increased capital and operational expanses stabilise unit cost of production.
How do environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation affect synergistically the financial performance of heavy polluting enterprises: evidence from China
Authors: Tang Yongjun , Yue Saifan , Ma Wenchao , Zhang Lulu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Enterprise environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation may bring about positive or negative effects on enterprise financial performance. Based on relevant theories, this study builds a theoretical model to demonstrate how enterprise environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation can improve the financial performance of heavy polluting enterprises. Empirical tests are carried out using 293 heavy polluting enterprises in China as the sample. The results show that: (1) Enterprise environmental protection expenditure has significant negative effects on current enterprise financial performance, while green technology innovation can significantly promote enterprise financial performance. (2) When the lag period is two periods, the enterprise environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation have positive effects on enterprise financial performance respectively, and the effects are the most significant. (3) Enterprise environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation synergistically promote enterprise financial performance in the current period, and the impact has a lag effect. (4) Compared with non-state-owned enterprises, the synergetic effect of environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation on the financial performance of state-owned enterprises is more significant. (5) In enterprises with higher corporate governance level, the synergetic promotion effect of environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation on enterprise financial performance is more significant. This study enriches the current knowledge on environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation’s role in enterprise financial performance and has practical implications for improving the financial performance of heavy polluting enterprises.
Association of diversity in microsatellite genotypes with layer traits in Rhode Island Red chicken
Authors: SAHU AMIYA RANJAN , Kumar Sanjeev , Jain Sonu Kumar , R. Chethan Raj 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Development of vast varieties of high yielding commercial poultry germplasm could possibly be due to rapid selection and controlled breeding. However, their maximum genetic production potential has not been achieved so far. Present study was conducted to analyse polymorphisms in egg- production associated microsatellite markers in sampled population of the selected strain of Rhode Island Red (RIR) chicken and to determine the association between various genotypes of polymorphic markers and layer production traits. One hundred and eleven pullets belonging to five hatches, maintained at institute’s farm, were used and data on body weight at 20 weeks of age (BW20) and layer economic traits (Age at sexual maturity (ASM), egg weight at 28 and 40 weeks of age (EW28, EW40) and egg production up to 40 weeks of age (EP40)) were analysed by least squares analysis of variance taking sire as random and hatch as fixed effects. Average ASM and EP40 were 135.19±1.15 days and 124.55±1.94 eggs, respectively. The BW20 revealed low, but positive genetic as well as phenotypic correlations with EP40 thereby suggesting its usefulness as selection criterion for genetic improvement of egg production. All egg production-associated microsatellite loci revealed polymorphism and exhibited prevalence of heterozygosity. The studied population demonstrated Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. Genotypes at two microsatellite loci ADL0023 and ADL0273 demonstrated significant effects on layer economic traits suggesting usefulness of microsatellite markers polymorphism in marker-assisted selection for genetic improvement of egg-production associated gene in chicken.
Stochastic Analysis of Potential Tsunami Risks with the Contribution of Sea Level Rise in the Sea of Japan through Japanese Coastline
Authors: Yavuz Cuneyt , Itoi Tatsuya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Japan encountered one of the most devastating tsunami hazards, resulting in a nuclear accident in 2011. Located in an active seismic zone, Japan's coastline lying through the Sea of Japan are also highly prone to probable inundations in the future. We conducted a probabilistic tsunami risk assessment that emerged with the contribution of sea-level rise on tsunami waves. We present economic and social risk aspects for the selected residential areas, commercial facilities, and industrial zones by considering aleatory variability of tsunami waves and epistemic uncertainty of sea level rises. Economic risk evaluations show that extreme monetary losses are very likely to observe with the positive contribution of projected economic growth rates. However, social risks are comparatively low due to the expected population de-crease in Japan in the following years.
Identification of stromal microenvironment characteristics and key molecular mining in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ji Hongchen , Zhang Qiong , Wang Xiangxu , Li Junjie , Wang Xiaowen , Pan Wei , Zhang Zhuochao , Ma Ben , Zhang Hong-Mei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. The extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment affects the drug sensitivity and prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. This study constructed an 8-genes pancreatic ECM scoring (PECMS) model, to classify the ECM features of pancreatic cancer, analyze the impact of ECM features on survival and drug sensitivity, and mine key molecules that influence ECM features in pancreatic cancer.
Methods
GSVA score calculation and clustering were performed in TCGA-PAAD patients. Lasso regression was used to construct the PECMS model. The association between PECMS and patient survival was analyzed and validated in the CPTAC-3 dataset of TCGA and our single-center retrospective cohort. The relationships between PECMS and features of the matrix microenvironment were analyzed. Finally, PECMS feature genes were screened and verified in pancreatic cancer specimens to select key genes associated with the ECM microenvironment.
Result
The survival of the PECMS-high group was significantly worse. The PECMS-high group showed higher oxidative stress levels, lower levels of antigen presentation- and MHC-I molecule-related pathways, and less immune effector cell infiltration. Data from IMvigor-210 cohort suggested that PECMS-low group patients were more sensitive to immune checkpoint blockers. The PECMS score was negatively correlated with chemotherapy drug sensitivity. The negative association of PECMS with survival and drug sensitivity was validated in our retrospective cohort. KLHL32 expression predicted lower oxidative stress level and more immune cells infiltrate in pancreatic cancer.
Conclusion
PECMS is an effective predictor of prognosis and drug sensitivity in pancreatic cancer patients. KLHL32 may play an important role in the construction of ECM, and the mechanism is worth further study.
Cloud and Snow Detection of Remote Sensing Images Based on Improved Unet3+
Authors: Yin Meijie , Wang Peng , Ni Cui , Hao WeiLong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cloud detection is an important step in remote sensing image processing and a prerequisite for subsequent analysis and interpretation of remote sensing images. Compared with traditional cloud detection methods, the cloud detection method based on deep learning can effectively improve the accuracy of cloud detection by automatically acquiring the features of remote sensing images. However, it is still difficult to distinguish accurately between clouds and snow, which are very similar in color, texture and other characteristics. In this paper, the features of cloud and snow in remote sensing images are deeply extracted, and an accurate cloud and snow detection method is proposed based on the advantages of Unet3 + network in feature fusion. Firstly, color space conversion is performed on remote sensing images, RGB images and HIS images are used as input of Unet3 + network, and feature information of images in different color spaces is extracted respectively to enhance the difference between cloud and snow in remote sensing images in color and texture. Resnet50 is used to replace the Unet3 + feature extraction network to extract remote sensing image features at a deeper level, and add the Convolutional Block Attention Module in Resnet50 to improve the network's attention to cloud and snow. Finally, the weighted cross entropy loss is constructed to solve the problem of unbalanced sample number caused by high proportion of background area in the image. By constructing the cloud and snow detection dataset of remote sensing images, the proposed method is trained and tested. The results show that the proposed method has strong adaptability and moderate computation, and can effectively eliminate all kinds of interference information in remote sensing images of different landforms, and accurately detect cloud and snow in images.
Study on the calculation method of water inflow velocity of loose rock landslide
Authors: Wang Meili , Tian Ye , Yang Shengfa , Wang Pingyi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Based on rock structure mechanics and water sediment dynamics, considering the additional resistance caused by the interference of loose landslide particles on the flow structure, this paper deduces the resistance calculation formula of loose rock landslide particles when entering the water. It modifies the landslide velocity formula (ASCE) recommended by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The acceleration calculation formula and velocity calculation formula of bulk rock landslide entering water are obtained, and the determination method of main parameters in the formula is given. Based on the physical model test data of a three-dimensional loose rock landslide and the example data of the Xintan Landslide in the Yangtze River, the rationality of the calculation results of this formula and the ASCE formula is compared and analyzed. It shows that the ASCE formula calculates the average velocity of landslide movement on land, and there will be a noticeable deviation from the actual situation when it is used to calculate the water entry velocity of a loose rock landslide. The formula given in this paper is more practical and can be used to calculate the velocity of loose rock landslide entering the water.
New insights into the toxicity of landfill leachate to zebrafish and mung beans
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Lin , Ning Xia , Sang Nan , Li Guangke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Landfill leachate have become a major public health concern because of their adverse effects on health. Due to its complex composition, the toxicological effects have yet to be evaluated. In this study, we use two model organisms: zebrafish and mung beans, to assess the toxic effects of landfill leachate. The results showed that low concentrations of waste leachate promoted the growth of mung beans, while high concentrations severely affected the growth and development of seedlings. Furthermore, landfill leachate caused a decrease in chlorophyll levels and malondialdehyde levels increased, significantly increased the rate of root tip micronuclei. In addition, zebrafish embryos exposed with 0.5%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.5% (v/v) landfill leachate, which was shown significantly reduced levels of embryonic incubation rate and heart rate, while the rates of mortality and malformation were increased. 1.0% of the landfill leachate in the experiment can result in a decrease in spontaneous movement frequency of embryos and the light stimulation reaction. The number of black and white area explore and mirror attacks were reduced. In general, these results help to understand the environmental toxicity of the landfill leachate, providing additional reference data for the risk assessment and management of landfill leachate.
Geotechnical characterization of natural clays for the prediction of clogging risk for TBM
Authors: Sebastiani Diego , Spagnoli Giovanni , Amici Marco , Mangifesta Sara 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
During mechanical tunnel driving it is known that the excavated soils can stick to the metallic part of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). Despite the fact that several test methodologies have been developed during the last 15 years to provide an assessment or quantification of the clogging risk, no standardized method is available yet. This study evaluated three natural clay samples with different grain size distribution and mineralogical content considering two widespread test set ups for the evaluation of the clogging tendency: the Hobart mixing and the plate pull-out test. After a comprehensive geotechnical characterization of the three clay samples, adherence and pull-out force have been measured at different water content/consistency index. Results show that adherence and pull-out force in terms of water content \(w\) and Consistency index \({I}_{C}\) follow normal distribution curves which, as the percentage of clay, the content of clay minerals and the plasticity increases, have higher amplitudes and higher peak values. in general, the existence of a correlation between geotechnical characteristic parameters and the behavior in terms of clogging potential risk for natural clays makes it possible to predict these risks in the design phase of the tunnel excavation and to plan appropriate mitigation actions.
Analysis of biofilm growth rate on agar substrates with different stiffness under limited nutrition
Authors: Wu Jin , Li Xianyong , Kong Rui , Wang Jiankun , Wang Xiaoling 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, we explore the growth of Bacillus subtilis biofilm on substrates with different agar concentrations, and obtain the area, thickness and morphology information of biofilm by using optical imaging technologies. We find that growth rate variations of biofilms growing on substrates with high and low agar concentration (1.5wt%, 2.0wt%) are not in the same phase, which is because that the interaction between the biofilm and agar substrate on 1.5wt% agar concentration is larger than that of biofilm on 2.0wt% agar concentration, making the growth rate decreases more sharply in the 1.5wt% agar concentration case before wrinkle pattern IV comes up. In the later growth stage after wrinkle pattern IV appears, the biofilm has larger growth rate growing on 2.0wt% agar concentration, that is because the above biofilm has larger wavelength in wrinkle pattern IV reducing energy consumption. Our study shows that the stiff substrate does not always inhibit the biofilm growth, although it does in the earlier stage, after that, mature biofilms acquire larger growth rate by adjusting the growth mode through the wrinkle evolution even in nutrient extremely depletion.