bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of Metamorphic Soles Underlying Ophiolites During Subduction Initiation: A Systematic Numerical Study
Authors: Zhong Xinyi , Li Zhong‐Hai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe understanding of subduction initiation (SI) remains ambiguous due to limited geological records. The metamorphic sole, generally considered to be generated by oceanic crustal metamorphism during SI, is characterized by high temperature condition (∼800°C) at shallow depths (<40 km). However, the exact tectonic setting of the metamorphic sole with such a high geothermal gradient is still controversial. The petrological and geochemical signatures of ophiolites and metamorphic soles in nature indicate three different types: (a) supra‐subduction zone (SSZ)‐type ophiolite with mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB)‐type metamorphic sole; (b) SSZ‐type ophiolite with SSZ‐type metamorphic sole; and (c) MORB‐type ophiolite with MORB‐type metamorphic sole. To clarify the conditions of metamorphic sole generation in different tectonic settings, a series of numerical models are conducted. The model results indicate that the SI at a (back‐arc) spreading center or spontaneous SI at a transform fault provides the favorable high‐temperature condition for formation of the metamorphic sole underlying the ophiolite. The former regime generates SSZ‐type ophiolite with SSZ‐type sole, whereas the latter generates SSZ‐type ophiolite with MORB‐type sole. The P‐T conditions of natural metamorphic soles may not represent the characteristic subduction channel condition for the majority of ophiolites, but stand for the end‐member high‐temperature regime that facilitates weakening, detachment and further exhumation of metamorphic soles. It thus illustrates the less widely distributed metamorphic soles than ophiolites in nature. The model results are further compared with three present‐day back‐arc basins on the Earth to evaluate the likelihood of future metamorphic sole generation and preservation in these basins.
Inhibition of aberrant Hif1α activation delays intervertebral disc degeneration in adult mice
Authors: Wang Zuqiang , Chen Hangang , Tan Qiaoyan , Huang Junlan , Zhou Siru , Luo Fengtao , Zhang Dali , Yang Jing , Li Can , Chen Bo , Sun Xianding , Kuang Liang , Jiang Wanling , Ni Zhenhong , Wang Quan , Chen Shuai , Du Xiaolan , Chen Di , Deng Chuxia , Yin Liangjun , Chen Lin , Xie Yangli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe intervertebral disc (IVD) is the largest avascular tissue. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play essential roles in regulating cellular adaptation in the IVD under physiological conditions. Disc degeneration disease (DDD) is one of the leading causes of disability, and current therapies are ineffective. This study sought to explore the role of HIFs in DDD pathogenesis in mice. The findings of this study showed that among HIF family members, Hif1α was significantly upregulated in cartilaginous endplate (EP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) tissues from human DDD patients and two mouse models of DDD compared with controls. Conditional deletion of the E3 ubiquitin ligaseVhlin EP and AF tissues of adult mice resulted in upregulated Hif1α expression and age-dependent IVD degeneration. Aberrant Hif1α activation enhanced glycolytic metabolism and suppressed mitochondrial function. On the other hand, genetic ablation of theHif1αgene delayed DDD pathogenesis inVhl-deficient mice. Administration of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), a selective Hif1α inhibitor, attenuated experimental IVD degeneration in mice. The findings of this study show that aberrant Hif1α activation in EP and AF tissues induces pathological changes in DDD, implying that inhibition of aberrant Hif1α activity is a potential therapeutic strategy for DDD.
Retinoblastoma and vision
Authors: Warda Omar , Naeem Zishan , Roelofs Kelsey A. , Sagoo Mandeep S. , Reddy M. Ashwin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe assessment of vision has a growing importance in the management of retinoblastoma in the era of globe-conserving therapy, both prior to and after treatment. As survival rates approach 98–99% and globe salvage rates reach ever-higher levels, it is important to provide families with information regarding the visual outcomes of different treatments. We present an overview of the role of vision in determining the treatment given and the impact of complications of treatment. We also discuss screening and treatment strategies that can be used to maximise vision.
Depressed 660-km discontinuity caused by akimotoite–bridgmanite transition
Authors: Chanyshev Artem , Ishii Takayuki , Bondar Dmitry , Bhat Shrikant , Kim Eun Jeong , Farla Robert , Nishida Keisuke , Liu Zhaodong , Wang Lin , Nakajima Ayano , Yan Bingmin , Tang Hu , Chen Zhen , Higo Yuji , Tange Yoshinori , Katsura Tomoo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe 660-kilometre seismic discontinuity is the boundary between the Earth’s lower mantle and transition zone and is commonly interpreted as being due to the dissociation of ringwoodite to bridgmanite plus ferropericlase (post-spinel transition)1–3. A distinct feature of the 660-kilometre discontinuity is its depression to 750 kilometres beneath subduction zones4–10. However, in situ X-ray diffraction studies using multi-anvil techniques have demonstrated negative but gentle Clapeyron slopes (that is, the ratio between pressure and temperature changes) of the post-spinel transition that do not allow a significant depression11–13. On the other hand, conventional high-pressure experiments face difficulties in accurate phase identification due to inevitable pressure changes during heating and the persistent presence of metastable phases1,3. Here we determine the post-spinel and akimotoite–bridgmanite transition boundaries by multi-anvil experiments using in situ X-ray diffraction, with the boundaries strictly based on the definition of phase equilibrium. The post-spinel boundary has almost no temperature dependence, whereas the akimotoite–bridgmanite transition has a very steep negative boundary slope at temperatures lower than ambient mantle geotherms. The large depressions of the 660-kilometre discontinuity in cold subduction zones are thus interpreted as the akimotoite–bridgmanite transition. The steep negative boundary of the akimotoite–bridgmanite transition will cause slab stagnation (a stalling of the slab’s descent) due to significant upward buoyancy14,15.
Mechanisms of immune aging in HIV
Authors: Chauvin Manon , Sauce Delphine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMassive CD4+ T-cell depletion as well as sustained immune activation and inflammation are hallmarks of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 infection. In recent years, an emerging concept draws an intriguing parallel between HIV-1 infection and aging. Indeed, many of the alterations that affect innate and adaptive immune subsets in HIV-infected individuals are reminiscent of the process of immune aging, characteristic of old age. These changes, of which the presumed cause is the systemic immune activation established in patients, likely participate in the immuno-incompetence described with HIV progression. With the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-seropositive patients can now live for many years despite chronic viral infection. However, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related opportunistic infections have given way to chronic diseases as the leading cause of death since HIV infection. Therefore, the comparison between HIV-1 infected patients and uninfected elderly individuals goes beyond the sole onset of immunosenescence and extends to the deterioration of several physiological functions related to inflammation and systemic aging. In light of this observation, it is interesting to understand the precise link between immune activation and aging in HIV-1 infection to figure out how to best care for people living with HIV (PLWH).
A loop antenna with quasi‐two sources for circular polarisation
Authors: Hirose K. , Tsubouchi S. , Nakano H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel method of exciting a circularly polarised (CP) loop antenna is proposed using the moment method. A horizontal square loop above the ground plane has two corners connected to a vertical, branched feedline with one source. First, the authors show the radiation characteristics of a reference antenna whose corners are excited with two sources having the same amplitudes and a phase difference of 90°. Next, we excite the loop corners with one source using the branched feedline. It is found that when the branch location along the feedline is selected, the antenna radiates a CP wave. The frequency responses of the antenna show that the 3 dB axial‐ratio bandwidth is 12%, where the gain is more than 7.3 dBi. The simulated results are verified with experimental ones.
The Triglycerides and Glucose Index is Negatively Associated with
Insulin Secretion in Young Adults with Normal Weight
Authors: Simental-Mendía Luis E. , Gómez-Díaz Rita , Wacher Niels H. , Guerrero-Romero Fernando 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have supported the usefulness of the triglycerides and glucose
(TyG) index as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance; however, it has not
been evaluated in insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to assess the
association between the TyG index and insulin secretion in young adults with
normal weight. Apparently healthy non-pregnant women and men, aged 18 to 23
years, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Overweight, obesity, pregnancy,
smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, liver disease, renal disease,
cardiovascular disease, and neoplasia were the exclusion criteria. Normal weight
was defined by a body mass index
(BMI)≥18.5<25.0 kg/m2 and the TyG
index was calculated as the Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) x
fasting glucose (mg/dl)]/2. A total of 1676 young adults with
normal-weight, 1141 (68%) women, and 535 (32%) men were
enrolled. Of them, 269 (16%) individuals exhibited insulin resistance;
213 (12.7%) women and 56 (3.3%) men. The linear regression
analysis adjusted by gender, BMI, and waist circumference showed a significant
association between the TyG index and HOMA-B (B=−35.90;
95% CI:−68.25 to−3.54, p=0.03) in the overall
population. An additional analysis adjusted by BMI and waist circumference
revealed that the TyG index is significantly associated with HOMA-B in subjects
with and without insulin resistance (B=−104.73; 95%
CI:−204.28 to−5.18, p=0.03 and B=−74.72;
95% CI:−108.04 to−41.40, p<0.001). The results
of this study showed that the TyG index is negatively associated with insulin
secretion in young adults with normal weight.
Incretins Enhance PGF2α-Induced Synthesis of IL-6 and Osteoprotegerin in Osteoblasts
Authors: Hioki Tomoyuki , Kuroyanagi Gen , Fujita Kazuhiko , Sakai Go , Kawabata Tetsu , Kim Woo , Tachi Junko , Matsushima-Nishiwaki Rie , Iida Hiroki , Kozawa Osamu , Tokuda Haruhiko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncretins including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which are secreted from the small intestine after oral food ingestion, are currently well-known to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We have previously reported that prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) stimulates the synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and osteoprotegerin in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, and that IL-6 and osteoprotegerin release are mediated through the p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, p38 MAP kinase or stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) pathways. In the present study, we investigated the effects of incretins including GLP-1 and GIP, on the PGF2α-induced synthesis of IL-6 and osteoprotegerin and examined the detailed mechanism in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. We found that GIP and GLP-1 significantly stimulated the PGF2α-induced synthesis of IL-6 in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, GIP and GLP-1 significantly enhanced the PGF2α-induced mRNA expression levels of IL-6. On the other hand, GIP and GLP-1 markedly stimulated the PGF2α-induced synthesis of osteoprotegerin. However, the phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, or JNK induced by PGF2α was not affected by GIP or GLP-1. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that incretins enhance the PGF2α-induced synthesis of IL-6 and osteoprotegerin in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. However, these syntheses are not mediated through p44/p42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, or JNK pathways.
Comparison of Previously Injured Body Regions in Elite Freestyle and
Greco-Roman Wrestlers
Authors: Çebi Mehmet , Imamoğlu Osman , Yamak Bade , Eliöz Murat , Yildiz Muhammed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the injured body regions that elite
Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers suffered from and to determine the
importance of injuries. 41 Freestyle and 51 Greco-Roman wrestlers, who were
practicing in Turkish National Wrestling Team camps, participated in this study.
‘Chi Square’ and student t tests were used in statistical
analyses. When examined injury status and body regions distribution between
Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers, significant difference was found in head
and trunk injuries according to wrestling styles (p<0.05). No difference
was found in upper/lower extremities and lesion/scrape and
friction burns status of the wrestlers according to wrestling style
(p>0.05). There was significant difference in trunk and upper extremity
injuries with respect to weight category (p<0.05 and p<0.001).
Significant difference was also found in nose injuries according to wrestling
styles (p<0.05). When examined wrestling style and upper extremity
injuries according to the number of injuries, there was found significant
difference between two styles in muscle injuries, finger and wrist injuries
(p<0.05). The difference between toe injuries in respect to the
wrestling style was statistically significant (p<0.05). Results:
Greco-Roman wrestlers experienced more injuries in trunk, head and nose compared
to Freestyle wrestlers. Trunk, lower and upper extremity injuries varied
depending on weight categories. Neck, back, lumbar and chest injuries were more
common in Greco-Roman wrestlers. Freestyle wrestlers were more vulnerable to
muscle injuries while Greco-Roman wrestlers were more vulnerable to finger and
wrist injuries. It is recommended to improve some abilities excellently such as
aerobic power, strength, balance and neuro-motor coordination in wrestling.
Techniques should be taught well to the wrestlers, most risky extremities for
injury have to be applied extra training and these extremities should be
protected from injuries by several tapes, bandages or gears during exercise.
Freestyle wrestlers ought to be more careful in diving move. Using ear protector
in addition to preventive measures can be recommended during training in order
to prevent temporal bone fractures and swellings.
Pinch Anatomy of Forehead: An Injection Guide for Forehead Filler Treatment
Authors: Kapoor Krishan M. , Chatrath Vandana , Li Chris Q. , Bertossi Dario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFiller injections have become very popular in recent years, and injectors globally use them for facial shaping and reversing age-related changes. Detailed knowledge about important vessels' and tissue planes' anatomy is essential for injectors. While giving the filler injections, injectors tend to gently pinch or pull the tissue fold with the nondominant hand during the procedure. The deformational forces cause some changes in the anatomy of tissue layers held in a pinch. During the pinch and “pinch and pull” maneuver, the crucial vessels in the area can get pulled up in the tissue layers in a pinch or stay in their position unaffected depending on the force applied. The “pinch and pull” maneuver also increases the tissue space for injections by moving the mobile tissue layers away from the fixed ones. The injector can use knowledge of the “‘pinch anatomy” in the forehead to avoid important arteries and place filler in the correct plane. With the understanding of the anatomical changes occurring during the pinched state of tissue layers, filler injection can be performed in the right and safer tissue plane in the forehead. This study reflects level of evidence V.
Cord-Blood Derived Chemistry Reference Values in Preterm Infants for Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Glucose, and Creatinine
Authors: Stritzke Amelie , Ismail Rana , Rose M. Sarah , Lyon Andrew W. , Fenton Tanis R. 
Published: January 2022

Objective International guidelines recommend that preterm infants should be supported to maintain their serum electrolytes within “normal” ranges. In term babies, cord blood values differed in pathological pregnancies from healthy ones.
Study Design We examined cord blood sodium, chloride, potassium, glucose, and creatinine to derive maturity-related reference intervals. We examined associations with gestational age, delivery mode, singleton versus multiple, and prenatal maternal adverse conditions. We compared preterm cord values to term, and to adult reference ranges.
Results There were 591 infants, 537 preterm and 54 term. Preterm cord glucose levels were steady (3.7 ± 1.1 mmol/L), while sodium, chloride, and creatinine increased over GA by 0.17, 0.14 mmol/L/week, and 1.07 µmol/L/week, respectively (p < 0.003). Average preterm cord potassium and chloride were higher than the term (p < 0.05). Compared with adult reference intervals, cord preterm reference intervals were higher for chloride (100–111 vs. 98–106 mmol/L), lower for creatinine (29–84 vs. 62–115 µmol/L), and more variable for potassium (2.7–7.9 vs. 3.5–5.0 mmol/L) and sodium (130–141 vs. 136–145 mmol/L). Cesarean section was associated with higher potassium and lower glucose, multiple births with higher chloride and creatinine and lower glucose, and SGA with lower glucose.
Conclusion Cord blood values varied across the GA range with increases in sodium, chloride, and creatinine, while glucose remained steady. Average preterm reference values were higher than term values for potassium and chloride. Preterm reference values differed from published adults' reference values. The changes across GA and by delivery mode, SGA, and being a multiple, which may have direct implications for neonatal care and fluid management.
Key Points
Virtual Sprint Outpatient Electronic Health Record Training and Optimization Effect on Provider Burnout
Authors: English Eden F. , Holmstrom Heather , Kwan Bethany W. , Suresh Krithika , Rotholz Stephen , Lin Chen-Tan , Sieja Amber 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to develop a virtual electronic health record (EHR) training and optimization program and evaluate the impact of the virtual model on provider and staff burnout and electronic health record (EHR) experience.
Methods UCHealth created and supported a multidisciplinary EHR optimization and training program, known as the Epic Sprint Program. The Sprint Team conducted dozens of onsite Sprint events over the course of several years prior to the pandemic but transitioned to a fully virtual program and successfully “sprinted” 21 outpatient clinics from May to December 2020. Core program components of group and 1:1 training, workflow analysis, and new or adjusted EHR build were unchanged from the onsite model. Pre- and post-Sprint surveys provided detailed, objective data about EHR usability, EHR proficiency, job satisfaction, and burnout.
Results The EHR Net Promoter Score (NPS), a likelihood to recommend metric, increased by 39 points (−3 pre and 36 post; p < 0.001) for providers and 29 points (8 pre and 37 post; p = 0.001) for staff post-Sprint. Positive provider (NPS = +53) and staff (NPS = +47) NPS scores indicated a high likelihood to recommend the Sprint Program. Post-Sprint surveys also reflect an increase in providers (10%; p = 0.04) and staff (9%; 0.13) who indicated “no burnout” or “did not feel burned out.”
Discussion The UCHealth Sprint Team transitioned this comprehensive, enterprise level initiative from an onsite model to a fully virtual EHR training and optimization program during the first few months of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite this change in program delivery, survey data clearly demonstrated improved EHR satisfaction, a high likelihood to recommend a sprint to a friend or colleague, and a trend toward burnout reduction in providers and staff.
Conclusion Changing an existing on-site EHR optimization program to a purely virtual format can be successful, and this study showed improved provider and staff EHR satisfaction with reduced burnout.
Sagnac interferometer for time-resolved magneto-optical measurements
Authors: Heo Hyeokjun , Kim Taeho , Jeong Yungi , Park Hangyeol , Jang Joonho 
Published: January 2022

We introduce a time-resolved magneto-optical measurement technique based on a zero-area Sagnac interferometer. By replacing a continuous wave light source to a pulsed one, temporal resolution of hundreds of picoseconds is achieved. Because two lights passing through a Sagnac loop always travel the same optical path length, the interference from the phase modulation and Kerr rotation occurs in a pulse mode. For illustration of the apparatus, we present ferromagnetic resonance of a Permalloy film caused by a magnetic field pump. The instrument still possesses the favorable properties of a Sagnac interferometer, such as rejection of all the reciprocal effects, and shows 1μrad/Hz sensitivity at a 3 µW optical power in the pulse mode.
Neuropilin-1, a myeloid cell-specific protein, is an inhibitor of HIV-1 infectivity
Authors: Wang Shumei , Zhao Li , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhang Jingjing , Shang Hong , Liang Guoxin 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Macrophages and dendritic cells represent an important target for HIV-1 replication in vivo as they serve both as a vehicle for virus dissemination throughout the body and a viral reservoir. However, myeloid cells can support persistent replication of HIV-1 and, in contrast to infected T cells, demonstrate lower productivity. Using proteomics, we discovered that NRP-1 is a host restriction factor that inhibits HIV-1 from infecting macrophages and dendritic cells. NRP-1 is incorporated into the HIV-1 virion particle to inhibit its ability to attach to target cells in a viral envelope glycoprotein-independent manner. Overall, these results provide insights into the ability of myeloid lineage cells to utilize NRP-1 to interfere with HIV-1 infection.
Analogue gravitational field from nonlinear fluid dynamics
Authors: Datta Satadal , Fischer Uwe R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The dynamics of sound in a fluid is intrinsically nonlinear. We derive the consequences of this fact for the analogue gravitational field experienced by sound waves, by first describing generally how the nonlinearity of the equation for phase fluctuations back-reacts on the definition of the background providing the effective space-time metric. Subsequently, we use the analytical tool of Riemann invariants in one-dimensional motion to derive source terms of the effective gravitational field stemming from nonlinearity. Finally, we show that the consequences of nonlinearity we derive can be observed with Bose–Einstein condensates in the ultracold gas laboratory.