bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimism, But Not Locus of Control, Moderates Burnout in Professional Master's Athletic Training Students
Authors: Anderson Bethany L. , Bartlett Olivia C. , Osborne Randall , Downey Darcy , Farnsworth James L. 
Published: February 2022

Context
Burnout is a common concern in the field of athletic training that may affect athletic training students. They may experience burnout because of stressors related to their clinical education responsibilities and course load. Various buffers have been suggested to reduce burnout in other health care settings; however, there is a limited body of research examining the effect of locus of control and optimism as buffers against burnout in athletic training populations.

Objective
To investigate whether a perceived internal locus of control and/or optimism can provide a buffer against burnout in athletic training students.

Design and Setting
A cross-sectional observational research design via Qualtrics survey.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 48 professional master's athletic training students enrolled in Commission on Accrediting Athletic Training Education–accredited programs.

Data Collection and Analysis
Participants were sent a survey link that included demographic questions, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Life Orientation Test–Revised, and the Rotter Internal/External Locus of Control Scale. Three multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships of personal burnout, work-related burnout, and client-related burnout with optimism and locus of control. A Pearson correlation was conducted on the significant findings to determine the strength of relationship among variables.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Life Orientation Test–Revised, Rotter Internal/External Locus of Control Scale.

Results
Significant relationships were identified between optimism and personal burnout (t = −3.30, P = .002) and between optimism and work-related burnout. (t = −2.48, P = .02). No significant relationships were identified between locus of control and any of the burnout-related variables (P &gt; .05).

Conclusion
Optimism could be an effective buffer against student burnout in professional master's athletic training programs. Athletic training programs should implement various strategies to promote student optimism including proper social support strategies, time management, and stress management to help reduce the onset of burnout in students.
Beta-lactamase resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae from Nigeria
Authors: Awosile Babafela B. , Agbaje Michael , Adebowale Oluwawemimo , Kehinde Olugbenga , Omoshaba Ezekiel 
Published: February 2022

Background: Beta-lactamase genes are one of the most important groups of antimicrobial resistance genes in human and animal health. Therefore, continuous surveillance of this group of resistance genes is needed for a better understanding of the local epidemiology within a country and global dissemination.Aim: This review was carried out to identify different beta-lactamase resistance genes reported in published literature from Nigeria.Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out on eligible Nigerian articles retrieved from electronic literature searches of PubMed®, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar published between January 1990 and December 2019. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method was adopted to facilitate clarity and transparency in reporting review findings.Results: Fifty-seven articles were included. All beta-lactamases reported were detected from Gram-negative bacteria, particularly from Enterobacteriaceae. Thirty-six different beta-lactamase genes were reported in Nigeria. These genes belong to the narrow-spectrum, AmpC, extended-spectrum and carbapenemase beta-lactamase resistance genes. The pooled proportion estimate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Nigeria was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26% – 36%, p 0.0001), while the estimate of the blaCTX-M-15 gene in Nigeria was 46% (95% CI: 36% – 57%, p 0.0001). The proportion estimate of AmpC genes was 32% (95% CI: 11% – 52%, p 0.001), while the estimate for carbapenemases was 8% (95% CI: 5% – 12%, p 0.001).Conclusion: This study provides information on beta-lactamase distribution in Nigeria. This is necessary for a better understanding of molecular epidemiology of clinically important beta-lactamases, especially the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases in Nigeria.
Patient safety attitude among healthcare workers at different levels of healthcare in Sharqia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Hussein Yasmin H.H. , Eldeeb Seham M. , Elshamy Raghda A. , Eldin Rasha M.B. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Patient safety (PS) has been identified as a significant healthcare challenge. A good safety attitude helps healthcare workers (HCWs) to decrease medical errors.Aim: This study aimed to assess the PS attitude and identify its determinants among HCWs.Setting: This study was conducted in Sharqia Governorate at different levels of health care.Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study that involved240 HCWs selected after using a multistage cluster sampling technique from Sharqia Governorate.In ordertto assess the respondents’ attitudes towards PS, the modified Chinese Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (CSAQ) was used.Results: The scale with the highest percentage of positive responses, on average, was safety climate (49.59%). The study found a statistically significant association between the level of health care and mean scores of ‘teamwork climate, perception of management, job satisfaction, working conditions, and stress recognition’ and the overall CSAQ score. In regression analysis, the highest degree of education and job type were significant predictors of PS attitude among the HCWs under study (p = 0.031 and 0.011, respectively).Conclusion: According to the study’s findings, PS is low among HCWs in both healthcare units and hospitals, with a significantly higher score among hospital workers than among primary care workers. All PS composites need improvement starting with regular assessment of PS culture along with continuous monitoring.
Early Detection of Paediatric Cancer
Authors: Joseph Adedayo Olufemi , Balogun Onyinye D. , Akinsete Adeseye M. , Habeebu Muhammad Yaqub , Jimoh Mutiu Alani , Lasebikan Nwamaka N. , Oyeyinka Kanyinsola A. , Akindele Korede T. , Awofeso Opeyemi Mercy 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Paediatric cancer patients in Nigeria continue to arrive at specialist centers with advanced-stage disease. The reasons for this are myriad, not least of which are delays in detection, diagnosis, and referral for treatment. While delayed presentation has often been reported from the perspective of delays from caregivers' decisions, institutional deficiencies in the health care system may account for an unmeasured portion of the factors leading to delayed presentation. This project centered around training of health-care professionals at community level to detect potential paediatric cancer signs and refer appropriately.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to access the immediate impact of training on early detection and referral of possible paediatric cancer cases in the community and primary level health care workers and professionals in the Southwest Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective review of the training impact in three South-Western states in Nigeria. Scores before and after the training were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics, version 23 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).

Results:
A total of 732 primary health care workers were trained. In the pre assessment evaluations, 44.8% of participants reported that cancer did not occur in children, 47.2% did not know any referral pathway for a child suspected of cancer. The post training assessment indicated an improvement in participants' understanding of common paediatric cancers types and how to refer a suspected case for specialist diagnosis and attention. Mean scores before and after the training were 3.5/15 and 12.5/15, respectively.

Conclusion:
Training health-care professionals working at the community level can have an immediate and measurable impact on early detection and referral for paediatric cancers, as seen by the difference in pre training and post training assessment scores. There remains a need for continuous training to ensure early referral and ultimately increase survival indices of children diagnosed with cancer in Nigeria.
Correlation between Physical Activity and Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Antonia Ezugwu Uchechukwu , Godwin Nseka Elizabeth , Petronilla Ojukwu Chidiebele , Echezona Ekechukwu Nelson , Uruchi Ezeigwe Anne , Paulinus Igweagu Chukwuma , Eneje Ezugwu Lazarus 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a prevalent condition among sexually active women that manifests itself through a variety of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms during the end of the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.

Aim:
This study aims to review studies that correlate physical activity with PMS.

Materials and Methods:
The literature search took place in four databases from the year 2000 to 2019.

Results:
Eight studies reported a positive correlation between physical activity, exercises, and PMS, while two reported a negative correlation.

Conclusion:
Physical exercise and PMS have a favorable association, according to the examined papers.
Associations of Untreated Caries and Experience among WHO-Recommended Adult Age Groups
Authors: Idon Paul Ikhodaro , Ikusika Oluwafeyisayo Francis , Ogundare Temiloluwa Olawale , Yusuf Janada , Enone Lillian Lami , Aliyu Aliyu Bappa 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The shift in caries burden from children to adults and its rise among this population necessitates epidemiological studies to provide data on the trend and modifiable factors.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine prevalence of untreated caries, its contribution to caries experience, and related factors among WHO-recommended adult age groups.

Patients, Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted over a six-month period in 2021 among 451 adults recruited from a patient population in Northeast Nigeria. Sociodemographic characteristics and oral health practices were recorded. Intraoral assessment for untreated caries, filled, and missing teeth were carried out according to the WHO criteria. Data analysis included logistic regression to produce a model for predictive risk for caries, with emphasis on the WHO recommended adult age groups.

Results:
The prevalence of untreated caries (81.6%) was significantly (P < 0.05) related to age, occupation, education, dental visits, snacking, and toothbrushing frequency. It accounted for 65.7% of the overall decayed, missing, and filled teeth score (3.35 ± 3.00) and was significantly higher for participants <25 years (P = 0.044) compared to the middle aged (35–44 years) and elderly (65–74 years), class III occupation (P = 0.020), no formal education (P = 0.002), and irregular dental visits (P = 0.019). Occupation (β = 0.131, P = 0.016) and level of education (β = −0.132, P = 0.006) were significant predictors of dental caries occurrence.

Conclusion:
Caries experience was low, but the prevalence of untreated caries was very high and more common among younger adults. Socioeconomic status was an important determinant of caries presence.
Chronic Urticaria in Blacks
Authors: Gold-Olufadi Shakirat Ajoke , Ayanlowo Olusola , Akinkugbe Ayesha Omolara , Otrofanowei Erere 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The etiology and pathophysiology of chronic urticaria is poorly understood with several implicated factors. The role of autoimmunity has been explored by several studies with such studies on chronic urticaria lacking in the black population despite the significant morbidity caused by chronic urticaria.

Aim:
We assessed the possible contribution of autoimmunity in the etiology of chronic urticaria using autologous serum skin testing (ASST).

Materials and Methods:
Sixty consecutive patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) with age- and sex-matched controls in a ratio of 2:1 had ASST done for comparison. Student's t-test and Chi-square were used to compare means and percentages, respectively.

Results:
The male:female ratio of CSU was 1:2.5 with females presenting more often. The ASST was noted to be significantly positive in patients compared to controls with a positivity rate of 68.3% in the former compared to 16.7% in the latter (P = 0.0001). A higher incidence of angioedema was also documented in patients with a positive ASST in association with urticaria (23/28, P = 0.04).

Conclusion:
Overall, we conclude from our study that autoimmunity may be a possible cause of chronic urticaria in Nigerians which may also be extrapolated to other black population. Patients with positive ASST may have more severe disease which may be important when educating and counselling the patients about the course of the disease. This study is the first to assess the possible role of autoimmunity in a predominantly black population and will serve as a baseline for future studies.
Comparative Sonographic Assessment of Thyroid Volume in Adult Diabetics and Nondiabetics in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo
Authors: Obasi Uzoma Oluchi , Akintomide Akintunde Olusijibomi 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Diabetes mellitus and Thyroid disorders are known to mutually influence each other. Thyroid dysfunction especially when undiagnosed has a negative impact on metabolic control, likewise, increased levels of insulin in insulin resistance has a proliferative effect on thyroid tissue.

Aims:
The study aimed to sonographically measure and compare Thyroid gland volume (TV) in adults with diabetes and apparently healthy subjects, as well as determine the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and anthropometry on TV.

Patients, Materials and Methods:
This was a case-controlled study carried out over 6 months in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, from April to September 2019, among 70 adult diabetics and an equal number of non-diabetics. The thyroid volume was correlated with gender, age, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, duration of diabetes, TSH and HbA1c.

Results:
The overall mean TV was higher in diabetics (6.8 ± 3.5cm3 versus 6.3 ± 2.9cm3). Among those with diabetes, TV was significantly higher in those with poor glycemic control (p=0.020). A positive correlation was found between TV and duration of diabetes and height. The mean thyroid volume was higher among the male population of both groups. An equal number of subjects had abnormal (high) TSH levels in both study arms. There was no correlation between TV and most of the anthropometric indices.

Conclusion:
Sonographic thyroid volume is higher among diabetics and it has a positive correlation with gender, height, duration of diabetes and HbA1c.
Perception of Postgraduate Medical Trainers and Trainees on Residency Training Program in a Developing Country and its Influence on Brain Drain
Authors: Akinyemi Tosin Olusoga , Lawani Olukemi O. , Adewole Ahmed Adekunle , Oiwoh Sebastine Oseghae 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Nigeria has been faced with the challenge of massive efflux of senior trainees and young consultants. It is commonly believed that the emigration is for economic reasons.

Aim:
We studied the trainer's and trainee's perception of residency in Nigeria and its influence on brain drain.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out using an online survey platform. Invitation to complete the survey was sent out through closed social media groups (Facebook, WhatsApp, and Telegram) and e-mail. These groups were specifically for doctors who had their basic medical education in Nigeria and presently working in Nigeria or outside the borders of Nigeria.

Results:
Most respondents were in training and were between 25 and 44 years old. The top reason for emigration for trainees already abroad was to improve the quality of their training while the top reason for trainees planning to emigrate was to get better training. There was a discordance between the mentorship methods employed by trainers and preferences of trainees. While majority of the trainees already abroad were unlikely to return, most of the trainees considering emigration were willing to stay if training improved.

Conclusion:
Nigerian trainers and trainees have similar perceptions about residency training, and the brain drain being experienced presently may be reversible with improvement in training in the country.
Surgeons' Disposition on the Use of Autologous Blood Transfusion in Tertiary Hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Ozioko Uche Sebastine , Iyidobi Emmanuel Chino , Ozor Ignatius Ikemefuna , Abireh Ifeanacho Ezeteonu , Ozioko Onyinye Mary , Mbaeze Chisom Ogbonnaya , Okolo Prince Chukwuemeka 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The need for autologous blood transfusion in our tertiary hospitals to restore patients' hemodynamics with little or no complications cannot be overemphasized.

Aims:
This study is aimed at assessing surgeons' challenges and patients' readiness to accept autologous blood transfusion.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study conducted at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, and National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, from September to December 2020. A convenient sampling method was adopted in the distribution of questionnaires, and a total of 67 surgeons were enrolled in the study. Collated data were analyzed using SPSS software 21.

Results:
The study revealed that 60% of the respondents claimed that commercial donors were observed to be the major source of allogenic blood donation. Consequently, 34.3% and 80.6% of the respondents admitted that blood-borne transmissible infections and blood transfusion reactions, respectively, were still a challenge in their practice. The outcome from this study also showed that 59% of the respondents claimed that their patients are not knowledgeable enough to make informed decision on the use of autologous blood transfusion while 52.4% of the respondents admitted that they do not have the facility for processing autologous blood transfusion. For the surgical specialties, all were willing to prescribe autologous blood transfusion for their patients, though no statistical difference (P < 0.05) exists among the specialties.

Conclusion:
Autologous blood transfusion has remained the mainstay as effective and safest means of blood transfusion in overall patient care; hence, surgeons should incorporate this concept into their practice to enable patients make an informed decision.
Utilization of Orthodox Eye Care Services among Visually Impaired Adults in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State
Authors: Umar Fatima Hudu , Odugbo O. P. , Mpyet C. D. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Evidence shows that poor utilization of available eye care services by potential beneficiaries is a major barrier to reducing the burden of visual impairment (VI) and blindness.

Aim:
We sought to determine the extent of utilization and barriers to uptake of orthodox eye care services among adults with VI in Jos, the capital of Plateau state, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A population-based cross-sectional study using cluster sampling technique was conducted. Twenty-two clusters were chosen: from each cluster, 39 persons recruited for participation were interviewed to obtain demographic data and then examined to determine the visual acuity. Individuals with visual acuity of <6/18 had detailed ocular examination. Information on access to any eye services in the locality was obtained. The data from individual subjects were collated and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences version 20.

Results:
The study sample included 858 participants. Of the 160 participants with VI, 92 (57.5%) had sought eye care whereas 68 (42.5%) did not. It was found that utilization of eye services varied across the wards with Tafawa Balewa (100%), Vandapuye (100%), and Jenta Apata (100%) wards having the highest percentage of eye care utilization whereas Kabong (0%) and Mazah (11.1%) had the lowest eye care utilization rate. Factors associated with previous use of eye services were literacy (odds ratio = 1.41, P = 0.10) and blindness (odds ratio = 1.37, P = 0.09). Cost 39 (57.4%), being destined to be visually impaired 13 (19.1%), and old age 7 (10.3%) were found to be the most cited barriers to the use of eye services.

Conclusion:
The use of eye care services among visually impaired participants was low in this urban local council; this can be enhanced by health education and awareness campaigns. The role of community participation in eye care is important so as to improve the uptake of existing eye services.
Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Admitted at the Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta
Authors: Omololu Ayanfe , Ojo Omobola Yetunde , Adebisi Segun , Nwadike Victor , Ajayi Oluwatomiwa , Adesomi Tolulope , Alade Oreoluwa 
Published: February 2022

Background:
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to ravage the world as a pandemic, there is a paucity of data in resource poor countries like ours on the clinical characteristics of these patients.

Aim:
The aim of our study was to find the sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted in our facility between May and July 2020.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on COVID-19 patients admitted during the study period. Their baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory details were obtained from their clinical notes, recorded electronically, and analyzed.

Results:
Twenty-six COVID-19 patients were admitted during this period, with a mean age of 47.19 (standard deviation 16.56) years, and more males 16 (61.5%). Fever was the most common complaint 17 (65.4%), followed by breathlessness 15 (57.7%), weakness 11 (42.3%), and cough 9 (34.6%). Hypoxemia (SPO2 <93%) was present in 10 (38.5%) of patients at admission, with dyspnea being the most common abnormality on general physical examination 20 (76.9%). Eleven (42.3%) patients had associated comorbidities with hypertension being the most common 7 (43.7%), followed by diabetes mellitus 4 (25.0%). Just 3 (11.5%) patients had mild disease, 13 (50.0%) had moderate disease, and 10 (38.5%) had severe disease. Lower respiratory tract infection or suspected COVID-19 was the initial diagnosis in 10 (38.5%) of patients at admission, while 16 (61.5%) were admitted with other diagnosis. Leukocytosis was found in 8 (30.8%) patients, 14 (53.8%) patients had anemia, elevated urea in 20 (76.9%), and elevated Creatinine in 11 (42.3%). Seventeen (65.4%) patients were discharged home, 2 (7.7%) referred to another center for hemodialysis, while 7 (26.9%) died.

Conclusion:
Understanding the clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 in our local environment will be integral to earlier identification and treatment outcomes for our patients.