bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-precision chemical abundances of Galactic building blocks
Authors: Matsuno Tadafumi , Koppelman Helmer H. , Helmi Amina , Aoki Wako , Ishigaki Miho N. , Suda Takuma , Yuan Zhen , Hattori Kohei 
Published: March 2022

Context. Sequoia is a retrograde kinematic substructure in the nearby Galactic halo, whose properties are a matter of debate. For example, previous studies do not necessarily agree on the chemical abundances of Sequoia stars, which are important for understanding its nature.
Aims. We characterize the chemical properties of a sample of stars from Sequoia by determining high-precision abundances.
Methods. We measured abundances of Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Y, and Ba from a differential abundance analysis on high signal-to-noise ratio, high-resolution spectra from new observations and from archival data. We compared precisely measured chemical abundances of 12 Sequoia candidates with those of typical halo stars from the literature, which also includes stars from Gaia-Enceladus. This allowed us to characterize Sequoia and compare it to another Galactic building block. The comparison was made after putting all the abundances onto the same scale using standard stars.
Results. There are significant differences in [Na/Fe], [Mg/Fe], [Ca/Fe], [Ti/Fe], [Zn/Fe], and [Y/Fe] between Sequoia and Gaia-Enceladus stars at −1.8 ≲ [Fe/H]≲ − 1.4 in the sense that these abundance ratios are lower in Sequoia. These differences are similar to those seen between Gaia-Enceladus and in situ stars at a higher metallicity, suggesting that Sequoia is affected by type Ia supernovae at a lower metallicity than Gaia-Enceladus. We also confirm that the low [Mg/Fe] of Sequoia is seen in the literature and in surveys, namely APOGEE DR17 and GALAH DR3, if the stars are kinematically selected in the same way.
Conclusions. Sequoia stars have a distinct chemical abundance pattern and can be chemically separated from in situ stars or Gaia-Enceladus stars if abundances are measured with sufficient precision, namely σ([X/Fe]) ≲ 0.07 dex.
Brustkrebsfrüherkennung bei Frauen mit erhöhten Erkrankungsrisiken
Authors: Püsken Michael , Rhiem Kerstin , Fallenberg Eva M. 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungFür Patientinnen und gesunde Ratsuchende mit einem erhöhten Erkrankungsrisiko für Brustkrebs besteht ein langjährig etabliertes Programm zur intensivierten Früherkennung und Nachsorge in
den spezialisierten Zentren des Deutschen Konsortiums Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs (https://www.konsortium-familiaerer-brustkrebs.de/). Dabei kommt der MR-Mammografie aufgrund der sehr hohen Sensitivität beim Tumornachweis eine besondere Bedeutung zu.
Acquisition of Behavioral Skills after Manikin-Based Simulation of Neonatal Resuscitation by Fellows in Neonatology
Authors: Guerreiro Maiana D. M. , Ogata Joice F. M. , Sanudo Adriana , Prestes Ana Claudia Y. , Conzi Maria F. , Kawakami Mandira D. , Miyoshi Milton H. , Almeida Maria Fernanda B. de , Guinsburg Ruth 
Published: March 2022

Objective Behavioral performance of health professionals is essential for adequate patient care. This study aimed to assess the behavioral skills of fellows in neonatology before and after a simulation training program on neonatal resuscitation.
Study Design From March 2019 to February 2020, a prospective cohort with 12 second-year fellows in neonatology were evaluated during three training cycles (16 hours each) in manikin-based simulation of neonatal resuscitation with standardized scenarios. Each cycle lasted 1 month, followed by a 3-month interval. One video-recorded scenario of approximately 10 minutes was performed for each fellow at the beginning and at the end of each training cycle. Therefore, each fellow was recorded six times, before and after each one of three training cycles. Anxiety of the fellows was assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory applied before the first training cycle. The videos were independently analyzed in a random order by three trained facilitators using the Behavioral Assessment Tool. The behavioral performance was evaluated by repeated measures of analysis of variance adjusted for anxiety and for previous experience in neonatal resuscitation.
Results Fellows' overall behavioral performance improved comparing the moment before the first training and after the second training. The specific skills, such as communication with the team, delegation of tasks, allocation of attention, use of information, use of resources, and professional posture, showed a significant improvement after the second month of training. No further gains were noted with the third training cycle. Anxiety was observed in 42% of the fellows and its presence worsened their behavioral performance.
Conclusion An improvement in behavioral performance was observed, comparing the moment before the first training and after the second training, without further gains after the third training. It is worth noting the important role of anxiety as a modulator of acquisition and retention of behavioral skills in health professionals in training.
Key Points
Assembling Chiral Center of Heterocycles by Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrocarbonylation
Authors: Dong Kaiwu , Shen Chaoren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe strategy of embedding coordinative functional group into the starting material is frequently employed to enhance reactivity and enantioselectivity in various asymmetric catalytic reactions other than enantioselective hydrocarbonylation. Recent progress in palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrocarbonylation with this strategy for the synthesis of chiral heterocycles was highlighted. The merits of the innate coordinative functional group not only enhance the reactivity and boost the multiple selectivity, but also facilitates the synthesis of chiral heterocycles.1	Introduction2	Challenges in Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrocarbonylation3	Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrocarbonylation for the Synthesis of Chiral Heterocycles4	Summary and Outlook
Integrated GWAS and Gene Expression Suggest ORM1 as a Potential Regulator of Plasma Levels of Cell-Free DNA and Thrombosis Risk
Authors: Lopez Sonia , Martinez-Perez Angel , Rodriguez-Rius Alba , Viñuela Ana , Brown Andrew A. , Martin-Fernandez Laura , Vilalta Noelia , Arús Marc , Panousis Nikolaos I. , Buil Alfonso , Sabater-Lleal Maria , Souto Juan Carlos , Dermitzakis Emmanouil T. , Soria Jose Manuel 
Published: March 2022

Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a surrogate marker of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that contribute to immunothrombosis. There is growing interest about the mechanisms underlying NET formation and elevated cfDNA, but little is known about the factors involved. We aimed to identify genes involved in the regulation of cfDNA levels using data from the Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophilia (GAIT-2) Project.Imputed genotypes, whole blood RNA-Seq data, and plasma cfDNA quantification were available for 935 of the GAIT-2 participants from 35 families with idiopathic thrombophilia. We performed heritability and GWAS analysis for cfDNA. The heritability of cfDNA was 0.26 (p = 3.7 × 10−6), while the GWAS identified a significant association (rs1687391, p = 3.55 × 10−10) near the ORM1 gene, on chromosome 9. An eQTL (expression quantitative trait loci) analysis revealed a significant association between the lead GWAS variant and the expression of ORM1 in whole blood (p = 6.14 × 10−9). Additionally, ORM1 expression correlated with levels of cfDNA (p = 4.38 × 10−4). Finally, genetic correlation analysis between cfDNA and thrombosis identified a suggestive association (ρ
g = 0.43, p = 0.089).All in all, we show evidence of the role of ORM1 in regulating cfDNA levels in plasma, which might contribute to the susceptibility to thrombosis through mechanisms of immunothrombosis.
Psychotherapeutic Tools to Enhance the Neurologist-Patient Interaction
Authors: DeGrush Elizabeth , LaFrance W. Curt 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite providing care for patients with “disturbances of the same organ,” the brain, the therapeutic approaches used by neurologists and psychiatrists are, to some extent, distinct. With recognition of the closely coupled relationship between physical health and mental health, there is increased awareness of the need to provide an integrated, neuropsychiatric approach to the care of patients in neurology. In this review article, we provide a broad overview of how neurologists can use psychotherapeutic principles to enhance patient–physician interactions in the neurological setting (e.g., developing a therapeutic alliance; frame/boundary setting; active, empathic listening; acknowledging affect). These practices relate to a broad range of conditions, including, but not necessarily limited to epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and functional neurological (conversion) disorder. The authors provide practical approaches that a neurologist can learn to leverage psychotherapeutic tools to enhance clinical encounters.
A Review of the Prevalence, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Pediatric Epilepsies in India
Authors: Kalra Veena , Viswanathan Venkataraman , Shah Harshuti 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPediatric seizures are one of the most common neurological manifestations seen in pediatrics. Unravelling the etiology, timely and appropriate investigations followed by suitable therapies are essential for improving quality of life. During the pandemic, focused group discussions were conducted among 50 pediatric neurologists across five cities in India to gather insights on treatment practices in pediatric epilepsy and to optimize therapeutic strategies and alternative approaches for rational use of antiepileptic medications. These discussions were mainly aimed at reviewing current literature on prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, and management of epilepsy in children and subsequently rationalizing diagnostic and treatment approaches in routine clinical practice. Epileptic encephalopathies comprise of childhood epilepsy with progressive cerebral dysfunction. Genomics plays a vital role in identifying the underlying genetic associations, empowering precision therapy. Currently, the ketogenic diet has become a well-recognized modality for reducing severity of seizures. To overcome the high incidence of adverse effects due to older antiepileptic drugs, newer drugs are being developed to improve ease of use, diminish drug interactions, decrease adverse effects, and identify drugs with unique mechanisms of action. Common lacunae in practice include information gaps, educating parents, or caregivers about rational drug use and ensuring compliance to antiepileptic medications. This article discussed the consensus clinical viewpoint of expert clinicians, as well as insights on optimized treatment of pediatric epilepsies in both infancy and childhood. It also discusses aspects, like reducing drug burden, emerging therapies in the identification of the genetic basis of epilepsies, and targeted therapy alternatives, for pediatric populations in the Indian scenario.
Thoracoscopic Resection of a Foregut Duplication Cyst with the Use of a 5-mm Stapling Device in an Infant—A Case Report
Authors: Da Col Marc , Regamey Nicolas , Szavay Philipp O. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEsophageal foregut duplication cysts are a rare congenital anomaly predominantly diagnosed in children. With possible growth foregut duplication cysts may cause compression on thoracic or mediastinal structures, respectively. Due to the presence of ectopic gastric mucosa and its potential malignant alteration resection of foregut duplication cysts is recommended. More recently, the use of a thoracoscopic approach for resection has shown to be an advantageous alternative to a conventional open approach. A case of a complete thoracoscopic resection of an esophageal foregut duplication cyst using a 5-mm stapling device is presented.
An Anatomical Study of Posterior Trunk Recipient Vessels, and Comparisons of Outcome following Pedicled- and Free-Flap Transfers for Treatment of Sarcoma in the Posterior Trunk
Authors: Karakawa Ryo , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Kamiya Keisuke , Fuse Yuma , Yano Tomoyuki , Muro Satoru , Akita Keiichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Reconstruction after wide resection of a large sarcoma arising in the posterior trunk may require free-flap transfer to reduce the postoperative complications. Here, we describe the recipient vessels on the whole posterior trunk. Moreover, to show the reliability of these vessels, we describe an institutional series of free-flap reconstruction.
Methods In the cadaveric study, 20 posterior trunk regions from 10 fixed cadavers were dissected. The location and the diameter of the perforating artery and vein on the posterior were documented. In the clinical study, 54 patients undergoing immediate reconstruction surgery with only a pedicled flap (n = 45) and with a free flap (n = 9) after sarcoma resection on the posterior trunk between July 2005 and September 2021 were identified. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed to compare the postoperative complications.
Results In the cadaveric study, a total of 178 perforators were identified. The average diameter of the superficial cervical artery (SCA) and vein, dorsal scapular artery (DSA) and vein, medial branch of dorsal intercostal artery perforator (m-DICAP) and vein, lateral branch of dorsal intercostal artery perforator (l-DICAP) and vein, and dorsolateral intercostal artery perforator (DLICAP) and vein were 1.03, 1.67, 1.38, 1.84, 1.28, 1.84, 1.01, 1.60, 1.11, and 1.70 mm. In the clinical study, the propensity score-matched analysis involving eight pairs showed a significantly higher occurrence of total complications in the pedicled-flap group than the free-flap group (62.5 vs. 0%, p = 0.03).
Conclusion The cadaveric study showed that the perforators from the SCA, DSA, and posterior intercostal artery are constantly present. The clinical study demonstrated the feasibility and reliability of a free-flap transfer.
Liposomal Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine Adductor Canal Blocks for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Provide Similar Postoperative Analgesia
Authors: DeMaio Emily L. , Hunnicutt Jennifer L. , Haley Rebecca M. , Nazzal Ehab , Chen Yunyun , Premkumar Ajay , Lamplot Joseph D. , Samady Heather A. , Gottschalk Michael B. , Xerogeanes John W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare postoperative pain following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) in patients receiving an adductor canal block (ACB) with ropivacaine (R-ACB) or liposomal bupivacaine (LB-ACB). The secondary purpose was to compare opioid consumption. A prospective cohort study of patients undergoing ACLR at an academic medical center was conducted from November 1, 2018 to November 21, 2019. The first cohort received R-ACB and 30 tablets of 5/325 mg oxycodone/acetaminophen. After June 13, 2019, the second cohort received LB-ACB and 20 tablets of 5/325 mg oxycodone/acetaminophen with the reduction in opioids prescribed resulting from a hospital quality improvement initiative to decrease narcotic consumption. From postoperative days 0 through 6, pain was assessed thrice daily using a numeric rating scale. Total postoperative opioid consumption was reported via tablet count and converted to oral morphine equivalents (OMEs). During this period, 165 subjects underwent ACLR, and 126 met the eligibility criteria (44.4% female, 55.6% male; mean ± standard deviation: 28.7 ± 13.7 years). Sixty-six (52.4%) received LB-ACB, and 60 (47.6%) received R-ACB (p = 0.53). The most common graft utilized was quadriceps autograft (63.6% LB-ACB; 58.3% R-ACB, p = 0.76). Mean postoperative pain scores were similar between groups during the entire postoperative period (p ≥ 0.08 for POD 0–6). While postoperative opioid consumption was lower among patients receiving LB-ACB (median OME [interquartile range]: 28.6 [7.5–63.8] vs. 45.0 [15.0–75.0], p = 0.023), this only amounted to an average of 2.2 tablets. Patients receiving LB-ACB in the setting of ACLR reported similar postoperative pain compared with those receiving R-ACB. Despite the second aim of our study, we cannot make conclusions about the effect of each block on opioid consumption given that each cohort received different numbers of opioid tablets due to institutional pressure to reduce opioid prescribing. As few patients completed their opioid prescriptions or requested refills, further reduction in prescription size is warranted. Future studies are necessary to further elucidate the effect of LB-ACB versus R-ACB on postoperative pain and opioid consumption after ACLR.
Addition of a Vascular Bundle Accelerates Bone Union in Femoral Bone Defects
Authors: Oka Kunihiko , Kaji Yoshio , Nakamura Osamu , Yamaguchi Konosuke , Tobiume Sachiko , Nomura Yumi , Yamamoto Tetsuji 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background The Masquelet method has become increasingly popular for the treatment of bone defects in recent years. In this method, an induced membrane (IM) with abundant blood circulation, stem cells, and osteogenesis-promoting factors is formed by implanting bone cement during the first surgery. This IM stimulates bone formation in the bone defect after implantation of the bone graft during the second surgery. However, the Masquelet method requires two surgeries and thus a longer treatment period. In the present study, we investigated whether bone defects could be reconstructed in a single surgery by introducing a vascular bundle into the bone defect as an alternative to the IM, in addition to bone grafting.
Methods Thirty-six 12-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. After creating a 5-mm long bone defect in the femur, a mixture of autologous and artificial bone was grafted into the defect, and a saphenous arteriovenous vascular bundle was introduced. The animals were divided into three groups: the control group (bone defect only), the BG group (bone grafting only), and the BG + V group (bone grafting + vascular bundle introduction). After surgery, radiological and histological evaluations were performed to assess osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone defects.
Results In the BG + V group, significant bone formation was observed in the bone defect on radiological and histological evaluations, and the amount of bone formation was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. Furthermore, cortical bone continuity was observed in many specimens in the BG + V group. On histological evaluation, the number of blood vessels was also significantly higher in the BG + V group than in the other two groups.
Conclusion Our results suggest that the introduction of a vascular bundle in addition to bone grafting can promote bone formation in bone defects and allow for complete bone defect reconstruction in a single surgery.
Genotype–Phenotype Correlations for Putative Haploinsufficient Genes in Deletions of 6q26-q27: Report of Eight Patients and Review of Literature
Authors: Xie Xiaolei , Chai Hongyan , DiAdamo Autumn , Grommisch Brittany , Wen Jiadi , Zhang Hui , Li Peining 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Cytogenomic analyses have been used to detect pathogenic copy number variants. Patients with deletions at 6q26-q27 present variable clinical features. We reported clinical and cytogenomic findings of eight unrelated patients with a deletion of 6q26-q27. A systematic review of the literature found 28 patients with a deletion of 6q26-q27 from 2010 to 2020.
Results For these 36 patients, the sex ratio showed equal occurrence between males and females; 29 patients (81%) had a terminal deletion and seven patients (19%) had a proximal or distal interstitial deletion. Of the 22 patients with parental studies, deletions of de novo, maternal, paternal, and bi-parental inheritance accounted for 64, 18, 14, and 4% of patients, respectively. The most common clinical findings were brain abnormalities (100%) in fetuses observed by ultrasonography followed by developmental delay and intellectual disability (81%), brain abnormalities (72%), facial dysmorphism (66%), hypotonia (63%), learning difficulty or language delay (50%), and seizures (47%) in pediatric and adult patients. Anti-epilepsy treatment showed the effect on controlling seizures in these patients. Cytogenomic mapping defined one proximal critical region at 6q26 containing the putative haploinsufficient gene PRKN and one distal critical region at 6q27 containing two haploinsufficient genes DLL1 and TBP. Deletions involving the PRKN gene could associate with early-onset Parkinson disease and autism spectrum disorder; deletions involving the DLL1 gene correlate with the 6q terminal deletion syndrome.
Conclusion The genotype–phenotype correlations for putative haploinsufficient genes in deletions of 6q26-q27 provided evidence for precise diagnostic interpretation, genetic counseling, and clinical management of patients with a deletion of 6q26-q27.
The Burden of Care in Nasoalveolar Molding Treatment in Cleft Patients
Authors: Magyar Dominika , Nemes Bálint , Pálvölgyi Laura , Pulay Zoltán , Nagy Krisztián 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives This study, first in Hungary, examined the success of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy in cleft patients from a caregiver's perspective and revealed factors that can cause inconvenience.
Patients and Methods A survey-based study was performed using a 32-item questionnaire following NAM therapy. The survey was sent to families whose child underwent NAM therapy from 2010 until 2020 at the 1st Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University. The questions focused on four main parts: socioeconomic, origin of the cleft, difficulties of therapy, and self-assessment. Fifty-three families received the questionnaire, 17 of them completed it.
Results The mean age was 5 ± 3.7 weeks when NAM therapy started. Fifty-eight percent of the patients were male and 42% female. Patients are living more than 60 km from the cleft center (59%). Patients had to make the journey between their residence and the cleft center ∼10 to 15 times. In most cases, NAM therapy was covered by health insurance (83%). The unilateral cleft and lip palate occurred 58%, while the bilateral were 42%. Thirty-five percent of the patients had an allergic reaction against the adhesive, and 35% were affected by wounds on their lips or noses. The way of feeding was variable. Seventeen percent of the parents were able to breastfeed. In all cases, parents were satisfied with the NAM therapy.
Conclusions The present study highlighted the value of caregivers' role in NAM therapy. The burden of care is acceptable, caregivers have high compliance, and are determined to help the effectiveness of therapy. Limitations of this study include a single-institute data with a small number of cases.