bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pathway independent multi-modular ordered control system based on thermosensors and CRISPRi improves bioproduction in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Yu Wenwen , Jin Ke , Wu Yaokang , Zhang Quanwei , Liu Yanfeng , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian , Lv Xueqin , Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo , Liu Long 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Dynamic regulation is an effective strategy for control of gene expression in microbial cell factories. In some pathway contexts, several metabolic modules must be controlled in a time dependent or ordered manner to maximize production, while the creation of genetic circuits with ordered regulation capacity still remains a great challenge. In this work, we develop a pathway independent and programmable system that enables multi-modular ordered control of metabolism in Bacillus subtilis. First, a series of thermosensors were created and engineered to expand their thresholds. Then we designed single-input-multi-output circuits for ordered control based on the use of thermosensors with different transition points. Meanwhile, a repression circuit was constructed by combining CRISPRi-based NOT gates. As a proof-of-concept, these genetic circuits were applied for multi-modular ordered control of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) biosynthesis, resulting in a production of 1839.7 mg/l in shake flask, which is 5.16-times that of the parental strain. In a 5-l bioreactor, the 2′-FL titer reached 28.2 g/l with down-regulation of autolysis. Taken together, this work provides programmable and versatile thermosensitive genetic toolkits for dynamic regulation in B. subtilis and a multi-modular ordered control framework that can be used to improve metabolic modules in other chassis cells and for other compounds.
Patterns of care in adult histone mutant gliomas: Results of an international survey
Authors: Yuile Alexander , Khasraw Mustafa , Low Justin T , Walsh Kyle M , Lipp Eric , Sy Joanne , Satgunaseelan Laveniya , Kastelan Marina Ann , De Silva Madhawa , Lee Adrian , Wheeler Helen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Histone mutant gliomas (HMG) with histone H3 K27 and G34 mutations are recognized as biologically discrete entities with distinct anatomical locations, younger age at presentation (in comparison to the most common high-grade gliomas, IDH wildtype glioblastoma), and poor prognosis. There is a paucity of data regarding the management of adult HMG patients and no consensus on management. This study aims to identify current patterns of Australian and US neuro-oncology clinical practice for this entity.

Methods
Following institutional approvals, patterns of care questionnaire designed to capture relevant clinical variables was circulated through the Cooperative Trials Group for Neuro-Oncology (COGNO) in Australia and the Caris Precision Oncology Alliance in the United States (US).

Results
Between 4/2021 and 10/2021, 43 responses were collected. 33% (n = 14) of responders tested all patients for HMGs routinely; 40.92% (n = 18) tested in select patients 26% (n = 11) did not test for HMGs. The common indications for testing selected patients were midline anatomic location (n = 18) and age (n = 11) (&lt;50 years). 23 used molecular sequencing, 22 used IHC at their centers. Nine participants stated knowledge of histone H3 mutations did not affect their management of these gliomas, 11 said it affected their management at the time of recurrence, 23 stated it affected the management of midline K27M patients, 11 participants stated it affected the management of K27M mutant gliomas in other locations, and 3 felt it affected the management of G34R/V mutant gliomas.

Conclusion
Here we present a description of how the discovery of a new molecular subtype of primary glial tumors, histone mutated gliomas in adults, is being introduced into clinical practice.
Diagnostic challenges of radiological opacities in silicosis - case reports
Authors: Smărăndescu R A , Căluțu I M , Rașcu A , Bușnatu Ș S 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Occupational exposure to crystalline silica dust in the workplace can cause lung damage (silicosis, chronic airflow limitation and lung cancer). Silicosis results from the fibrotic reaction to the deposition of inhaled crystalline silica dust in the lung tissue. Even though many coalmines and foundries have closed, crystalline silica is still widely used, making silicosis a significant public health issue. Occupational exposure to crystalline silica must be considered when diagnosing respiratory symptoms to avoid under- or misdiagnosis. The diagnosis of silicosis relies on acknowledging the causal relationship linked to exposure, the pulmonary radiological changes and the exclusion of other diseases with imaging or clinical characteristics similar to silicosis. The diagnosis is often not straightforward and, in many cases, histopathological examination is necessary for confirmation. In this case report, we present two cases in which an initial misdiagnosis led to inadequate treatment.
Cortisol awakening response in the airborne rescue service
Authors: Braun D , Frank M , Theiler L , Petrowski K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Work-related stress may lead to mental and physical illnesses. Emergency physicians may be particularly vulnerable to developing such diseases due to their extreme emotional working environment.

Aims
The purpose of the study was to analyse the hormonal stress burden of emergency physicians in the airborne rescue service to create an empirical basis for developing appropriate measures against chronic stress in the rescue service.

Methods
Three salivary cortisol samples were collected after awakening in 15 min intervals—each on a flight rescue day, a clinic day and a free day—to calculate the extent of the hormonal stress load of the emergency physicians. A nested linear mixed-model analysis was used in 40 cases to investigate hormonal stress. Furthermore, professional years and gender were included in the calculations.

Results
The mixed model showed neither a main effect for measurement time nor for day but a significant interaction effect (P = 0.002). The cortisol level rises strongly on the flight rescue and the clinic day, while on the free day it shows a moderate increase. Professional years and gender also proved to be statistically significant for the cortisol level of emergency physicians (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The results show a significantly higher cortisol increase on working days compared with a free day, which indicates a stronger stress burden on working days of emergency physicians in the airborne rescue service. Future studies should examine the stress level of emergency physicians in more detail to prove whether the working conditions of emergency physicians need to be modified.
In-Hospital Mortality Among Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients in the United States: How Did It Change in 2021?
Authors: Moon Rena C , Rosenthal Ning A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this retrospective observational study in a US national sample of 501 671 adults hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019, adjusted in-hospital mortality decreased from 12% in February 2021 to 9% in April 2021. However, adjusted in-hospital mortality increased to 16% in September and October 2021. Adjusted intensive care unit admission fluctuated between 20% and 27% in 2021.
Real-world Experience of Sotrovimab in High-risk, Immunocompromised COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Birk Navina K , Jain Saniya , Massoud Louis , Ramesh Diya , Monday Lea , Muma Bruce , Williams Jonathan , Alangaden George , Ramesh Mayur 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We completed a real-world analysis of 498 consecutive high-risk nonimmunocompromised and immunocompromised patients who received sotrovimab during the B.1.1.529 surge. Emergency department visits/hospitalizations and 30-day all-cause mortality between the 2 groups were similar. When administered early, sotrovimab is effective at preventing coronavirus disease 2019 progression in immunocompromised and nonimmunocompromised patients.
The mediating role of work–family conflicts in the association between work ability and depression among Egyptian civil workers
Authors: Abdelrehim M G , Eshak E S , Kamal N N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Work ability and work–family conflicts (total-WFCs) were associated with the risk of depression among the working population.

Methods
We recruited 3104 Egyptian civil workers between October 2019 and January 2020. The Work Ability Index (WAI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) and Midlife Development in the United States questionnaires were used to collect the data. Following Baron and Kenny criteria, the mediation effect of total-WFCs on the association between WAI and CES-D scores was tested by multivariable linear regression models.

Results
Findings revealed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥ 16) among Egyptian civil servants (43.4%). There were negative relationships between WAI score and both CES-D score (B = −0.70, P &lt; 0.001) and total-WFCs score (B = −0.22, P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, WAI score was still significantly associated with CES-D score after controlling for total-WFCs score (B = −0.40, P &lt; 0.001) that suggests partial mediation. We estimated that ~44%, 38% and 20% of the total effect of work ability on the risk of depressive symptoms were mediated by total-WFCs, family-to-work conflict and work-to-family conflict, respectively.

Conclusions
Interventions aiming for mitigation total-WFCs can help improve employees’ mental health and reduce the risk of impaired work ability-related depression.
Neural Correlates of Variation in Personal Space and Social Functioning in Schizophrenia and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Zapetis Sarah L , Nasiriavanaki Zahra , Luther Lauren , Holt Daphne J 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundChanges in the regulation of interpersonal distance, or “personal space” (PS), have been repeatedly observed in schizophrenia and, in some studies, linked to negative symptoms. However, the neurobiological basis of these impairments is poorly understood.MethodsPersonal space measurements, functional connectivity of a brain network sensitive to intrusions into PS, and symptoms of social withdrawal and anhedonia were assessed, and associations among these outcomes measured, in 33 individuals with a psychotic disorder (primarily schizophrenia [SCZ]) and 36 control subjects (CON).ResultsPersonal space size was significantly higher (P = .002) and PS permeability (reflecting the capacity to tolerate intrusions into PS) was significantly lower (P = .021) in the SCZ relative to the CON group, and both measures were significantly correlated with social anhedonia and withdrawal in the full sample (all P &lt; .007). Moreover, functional connectivity between the PS and default mode (DM) networks was significantly correlated with the permeability, but not the size, of PS in the full sample and in the SCZ and CON groups separately, and with social withdrawal in the SCZ group. Lastly, the association between PS-DM network connectivity and social withdrawal in the SCZ group was fully mediated by PS permeability.DiscussionNeural and behavioral aspects of PS regulation are linked to social motivation in both healthy individuals and those with psychotic disorders, suggesting that measurements of PS could serve as transdiagnostic markers of social functioning.
Environmental performance of commercial beef production systems utilizing conventional productivity-enhancing technologies
Authors: Aboagye Isaac A , Cordeiro Marcos R C , McAllister Tim A , May Matt L , Hannon Sherry J , Booker Calvin W , Parr Sandi L , Schunicht Oliver C , Burciaga-Robles Luis O , Grimson Tracey M , Boonstra Emily , Mengistu Genet F , Fulawka Deanne L , Ominski Kim H 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using conventional productivity-enhancing technologies (PETs) with or without other natural PETs on the growth performance, carcass traits, and environmental impacts of feedlot cattle. A total of 768 cross-bred yearling steers (499 ± 28.6 kg; n = 384) and heifers (390 ± 34.9 kg; n = 384) were offered a barley grain-based basal diet and divided into implanted or non-implanted groups. Steers were then allocated to diets that contained either: (i) no additive (control); natural feed additives including (ii) fibrolytic enzymes (Enz), (iii) essential oil (Oleo), (iv) direct-fed microbial (DFM), (v) DFM + Enz + Oleo combination; conventional feed additives including (vi) Conv (monensin, tylosin, and beta-adrenergic agonists [βAA]); or Conv with natural feed additives including (vii) Conv + DFM + Enz; (viii) Conv + DFM + Enz + Oleo. Heifers received one of the first three dietary treatments or the following: (iv) probiotic (Citr); (v) Oleo + Citr; (vi) Melengesterol acetate (MGA) + Oleo + βAA; (vii) Conv (monensin, tylosin, βAA, and MGA); or (viii) Conv + Oleo (ConvOleo). Data were used to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions, as well as land and water use. Implant and Conv-treated cattle exhibited improvements in growth and carcass traits as compared to the other treatments (P &lt; 0.05). Improvements in the performance of Conv-cattle illustrated that replacing conventional feed additives with natural feed additives would increase both the land and water required to satisfy the feed demand of steers and heifers by 7.9% and 10.5%, respectively. Further, GHG emission intensity for steers and heifers increased by 5.8% and 6.7%, and NH3 emission intensity by 4.3% and 6.7%, respectively. Eliminating the use of implants in cattle increased both land and water use by 14.6% and 19.5%, GHG emission intensity by 10.5% and 15.8%, and NH3 emission intensity by 3.4% and 11.0% for heifers and steers, respectively. These results demonstrate that the use of conventional PETs increases animal performance while reducing the environmental impacts of beef production. Restricting use would increase the environmental footprint of beef produced for both domestic and international markets.
Interaction of urea with frequency and amount of distillers grains supplementation for growing steers on a high forage diet
Authors: Linder Haley F , Sebade Josh E , Carlson Zac E , Wilson Hannah C , Spore Tyler J , Drewnoski Mary E , MacDonald Jim C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Two studies were conducted to determine interactions of urea inclusion to a dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS; 29.4% crude protein, 5.48% ether extract) supplement fed at two amounts and two frequencies to steers on a high forage diet. In Exp. 1, 120 (247 kg; SD = 20) steers were fed individually for 84 d. Steers received ad libitum grass hay (6.8% crude protein) and one of eight treatments. Treatment design was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial. Supplement was fed daily or three times per week, amount of supplement fed was 6.36 kg dry matter (DM)/week [0.37% body weight (BW); LO] or 12.73 kg DM/week (0.74% BW; HI) and contained either no urea or 1.3% urea on a DM basis. Steer BW was measured at the start and end of the trial and hay DM intake (DMI) was measured weekly. In Exp. 2, ruminally cannulated steers (310 kg; SD = 25) were used in a row-column design with eight steers and six 14-d periods. Treatments assigned were the same as Exp. 1, except that supplement was fed at 0.4% of BW (LO) or 0.8% of BW (HI) and supplement was fed either daily (DY) or every other day (ALT). Hay DMI, rumen ammonia-N, rumen pH, in situ neutral detergent fiber (NDF) disappearance, and rumination were measured. In Exp. 1, average daily gain (ADG) was affected by amount of supplement with steers on HI gaining 0.30 kg/d more (P &lt; 0.01) than LO. Hay DMI was reduced by increased amount of supplement (0.39 kg/d; P &lt; 0.01) and by decreased frequency of supplementation (0.54 kg/d; P &lt; 0.01). In Exp. 2, hay DMI was also reduced due to increased amount of supplement and decreased frequency of supplementation (P &lt; 0.01). Rumen pH was decreased on the day of supplement feeding for steers on ALT (P &lt; 0.01) and reduced for steers fed HI vs. LO. There was no difference in NDF digestibility between DY and ALT (P &gt; 0.05). For ALT steers, there was reduction (P &lt; 0.01) in in situ NDF disappearance for the HI compared to LO amount of supplementation on the day of supplementation. Infrequent supplementation of DDGS results in no difference in ADG but decreased hay DMI compared to daily supplementation. Urea had no effect on digestion or ADG, suggesting rumen degradable protein was not deficient when supplementing DDGS. There is little change in rumen fermentation parameters between frequency of supplement feeding, indicating that forage digestion is not impacted by supplementation frequency. Dried distillers grains can be supplemented infrequently without a reduction in animal performance.
Healthcare Compensation Plans: Current Challenges and Novel Approaches
Authors: Zigrang Todd A. 
Published: June 2022

Summary
The US healthcare sector differs from others, particularly with regard to how its workforce is compensated. In healthcare's third-party payer system, the consumer (i.e., the patient) typically is not the one paying for the service. Moreover, the payment for a given service is negotiated by the provider and the third-party payer before the patient ever seeks care—and the payment for the same service may differ among payers and patients. To further complicate matters, myriad overlapping federal, state, and local statutes and regulations govern how providers interact with patients and each other. The challenges with compensating physicians have been amplified by the healthcare workforce shortage that was looming even before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of these various forces in the healthcare industry, this article reviews the current ways healthcare providers are compensated and the challenges with those compensation plans. Potential approaches to remedy those challenges are described, both broadly and with specific real-world examples related to primary care and surgical specialties. Lessons learned from these approaches include ways that healthcare organizations may measure the success of a compensation plan.
A Novel Murine Model of Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Nakagawa Hayate , Blanco Tomas , Kahale Francesca , Wang Shudan , Musayeva Aytan , Alemi Hamid , Dohlman Thomas H. , Dana Reza 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to establish a murine model of endothelial keratoplasty.

Methods:
Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) was performed using C57BL/6 donor and BALB/c recipient mice. The central endothelium and Descemet membrane were removed from the recipient cornea, and a 1.5-mm posterior lamellar donor graft was made adherent to the recipient cornea with a small amount of viscoelastic. Mice were followed through slitlamp microscopy postoperatively, and OCT was used to assess the cornea and anterior chamber and measure central corneal thickness. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed to confirm graft adherence and endothelial cell morphology.

Results:
Successfully attached EK grafts were visualized in all transplanted animals. Histology and immunostaining confirmed proper graft orientation and adherence, as well as the presence of donor endothelium on transplanted grafts. We observed maximal corneal edema in all animals at day 1 postoperatively which gradually subsided. EK graft survival was 97% at 8 weeks.

Conclusions:
In this study, we describe a novel murine model for EK which we anticipate will enable detailed investigation into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in EK pathobiology.
Symptom Duration and Diabetic Control Influence Success of Steroid Injection in Trigger Finger
Authors: Hollins Andrew W. , Hein Rachel , Atia Andrew , Taskindoust Mahsa , Darner Grant , Shammas Ronnie , Mithani Suhail K. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Trigger finger is one of the most common hand abnormalities, with a prevalence of 2 percent of the general population. Conservative treatment with corticosteroid injections at the A1 pulley has been shown to be a cost-effective first-line treatment. However, additional patient factors have not fully been described regarding steroid injection efficacy. The authors hypothesize that patients presenting with longer chronicity of symptoms before treatment and elevated blood glucose would have reduced success rates of steroid injection therapy.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of 297 patients at a single institution was performed between 2013 and 2019. Patients were included if they presented with the diagnosis of trigger finger and were treated with initial corticosteroid injection at the A1 pulley.

Results:
Steroid injection therapy alone was successful in 65 percent of patients. Patients received on average of 1.61 steroid injections. Patients who failed treatment received an average of 1.85 injections compared to 1.49 for those who had successful corticosteroid injection therapy (p = 0.001). Presence of ipsilateral hand disease was associated with significant increase in failure of steroid injections (43.4 percent versus 30.8 percent; p = 0.032). Diabetic patients with hemoglobin A1c levels greater than 6.5 percent had a significantly higher rate of failing steroid injection therapy (71.9 percent versus 38.1 percent; p < 0.001). Patients who presented with greater than 2.5 months of symptoms had a higher failure rate of corticosteroid therapy (40.4 percent versus 29.5 percent; p = 0.048).

Conclusion:
Patients with a coexisting diagnosis of diabetes and a hemoglobin A1c level greater than 6.5 percent, ipsilateral concomitant hand disease, or presence of symptoms for greater than 2.5 months should be counseled regarding higher risk of failure of local corticosteroid injection.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Ten Years of Posterior Cranial Vault Expansion by Means of Distraction Osteogenesis: An Update and Critical Evaluation
Authors: Humphries Laura S. , Zapatero Zachary D. , Vu Giap H. , Hoppe Ian , Swanson Jordan W. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The goal of this study was to describe the 10-year evolution of the authors’ surgical technique and institutional perioperative outcomes using posterior vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO) in patients with syndromic and multisuture craniosynostosis.

Methods:
The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent PVDO for treatment of syndromic and multisuture craniosynostosis at a single institution over a 10-year period. Demographic data, perioperative outcomes, distraction patterns, and complications were analyzed. Outcomes of patients in the first 5 years (early cohort) were compared with those of the latter 5 years (late cohort).

Results:
One hundred ten patients underwent a total of 118 PVDO procedures. Patients with a syndromic diagnosis represented 83.6 percent of the cohort (n = 92) and were significantly younger than patients with a nonsyndromic diagnosis at the time of first PVDO (median [25th percentile, 75th percentile] 14.1 [6.6, 40.1] versus 42.7 [15.2, 59.6] months; p = 0.014). Mean distraction distance in the anterior–posterior direction was 30.8 mm (SD, 7.4). Compared with the early cohort, PVDO in the late cohort had faster median operative times (144.0 [123.0, 189.0] minutes versus 161.0 [138.0, 199.0] minutes; p = 0.038), lower estimated blood loss as a percentage of blood volume (28.5 [20.6, 45.3] versus 50.0 [31.1, 95.8]; p < 0.001), and lower blood replacement as percentage of blood volume (39.5 [23.8, 59.1] versus 56.3 [37.8, 110.1]; p = 0.009).

Conclusions:
This 10-year experience with PVDO demonstrates continued overall safety and efficacy with improved perioperative outcomes over time. Although PVDO has become the authors’ first line of expansion in syndromic craniosynostosis, shortcomings such as need for device removal, infection concerns, and potential for cerebrospinal fluid leak merit attention by the craniofacial community.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.