bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with better treatment outcome of physical therapy interventions after shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review
Authors: Claes Anke , Mertens Michel GCAM , Verborgt Olivier , Baert Isabel , Struyf Filip 
Published: June 2022

Objective To summarize factors that are associated with a better treatment outcome after post-operative physical therapy in patients with shoulder arthroplasty. Data sources PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Review methods Studies examining factors that are associated with a better outcome after post-operative physical therapy interventions in patients with shoulder arthroplasty were included. Two independent reviewers performed screening, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias and level of evidence, using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool and Evidence-Based Guideline Development checklist. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Results In total, 460 articles were found and 14 studies were included. Two of the included articles had a moderate risk of bias, 12 high. The overall number of patients in the included studies varied from 20 to 2053. Patients had either a reverse ( N = 1863), an anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty ( N = 1029) or, a hemiarthroplasty ( N = 133). Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty patients with a neutral rotation sling position showed less night pain and greater range of motion, which was awarded moderate evidence. Other modifiable and non-modifiable factors such as telemedicine, immediate range of motion exercises, and pre-operative function were only awarded preliminary or conflicting evidence. Conclusion Mainly preliminary and conflicting evidence was found. The possible causes of the conflicting evidence were the different measurement methods, implant types, and follow-up times used. The methodological quality was low and physical therapy protocols differed greatly. More high-quality research with standardized protocols is needed to determine the association of various factors with treatment outcomes after post-operative physical therapy in patients with shoulder arthroplasty.
Do childhood adversity and sensory processing sensitivity interact to predict meaningful activity engagement in adulthood?
Authors: Kerley Lachlan , Meredith Pamela , Harnett Paul 
Published: June 2022

Introduction A core tenet of occupational therapy is that engagement in meaningful activities is integral for a person’s health and wellbeing. Childhood adversity can have lifelong impacts on physical and mental health; however, the effects of childhood experiences are dependent on the presence of susceptibility factors, including sensory processing sensitivity. To date, the effects of childhood adversity and sensory processing sensitivity have not been investigated for meaningful activity engagement. This study seeks to determine whether childhood adversity is related to engagement in meaningful activities in adulthood and whether this relationship is moderated by sensory processing sensitivity. Method Using convenience snowball sampling, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 328 adults. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires, including the Risky Families Questionnaire, Highly Sensitive Person Scale and Engagement in Meaningful Activities Scale. Results Correlational analyses found that childhood adversity was related to significantly less meaningful activity engagement in adulthood, but this relationship was not moderated by sensory processing sensitivity. Conclusion This study showed, for the first time, that a history of childhood adversity is linked to less engagement in meaningful activities in adulthood. While further research is needed, supporting meaningful activity engagement may be necessary for adults who experienced childhood adversity.
A history of International Headache Society grants and their impact on headache careers
Authors: Puledda Francesca , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Diener Hans-Christoph , Schytz Henrik Winther 
Published: June 2022

Background The International Headache Society has been offering multiple award opportunities for young researchers and clinicians for many years, with the aim of supporting the development of careers in headache science and medicine. Methods In order to assess the outcomes of the International Headache Society award grants, a questionnaire was sent to all previous recipients, investigating a series of aspects related to their work, both during and after award completion. Results Of 44 total questionnaires sent, 36 were returned. Eighty-one percent of the recipients reported to have remained in the headache field since the award, half of them held a current academic position and over three-quarters had stayed in contact with the host institution. The totality of questionnaire responders stated that the grant had had a significantly positive impact on their careers. Conclusions The International Headache Society grants have assisted many young researchers in building an academic and clinical career in the field of headache, throughout the years.
Nanoarchitectured Graphene Organic Framework for Drug Delivery and Chemo-photothermal Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Xu Chengfeng , Yao Shuting , Jiang Peng , Wang Cui , Hu Jinhua , Wan Junmin , Hu Zhiwen , Wang Bing 
Published: June 2022

The combination of phototherapy and chemotherapy has received extensive attention in the field of cancer therapy. Hence, graphene organic framework (GOF) with a large d-spacing was prepared by solvothermal method, and a novel nanocomposite based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was developed, which effectively achieved a photothermal-chemotherapy synergistic treatment. When the feeding ratio was 1:1.6, the DOX loading capacity was 18.51%, and the GOF-BSA/DOX nanocomposite possessed unobvious pH response characteristic, as well as the cumulative release of DOX reached 54.17% at 42°C in the acidic environment (pH = 5.0). The nanocarriers also showed excellent photothermal property and photothermal stability in vitro. In addition, under 808 nm near-infrared laser (NIR) irradiation, the GOF-BSA/DOX nanocomposites generated a large amount of heat, which significantly enhanced the synergistic antitumor effect of in vitro photothermal-chemotherapy. Furthermore, the GOF-BSA/DOX nanocomposites exhibited significantly increased cytotoxicity in the NIR compared with chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone, suggesting that the combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy has excellent antitumor capacity. Therefore, porous GOF nanocarriers may have great potential in combined anti-tumour therapy.
Site-specific considerations for aerodynamic design upgrade of a wind turbine operating in a saharan environment
Authors: El-Din Ahmed Hossam , Diab Aya 
Published: June 2022

Sand erosion and dust deposition may induce surface irregularities of the blades of a wind turbine deployed in the Sahara, causing performance deterioration. In the current work a multi-objective optimization algorithm is developed to upgrade the aerodynamic blade profile of wind turbines operating in a Saharan environment. As a case study, the rotor of the Nordtank 300 kW horizontal axis wind turbine operating in Hurghada, Egypt is customized for lower sensitivity to surface roughness. The goal is to achieve a high lift-to-drag ratio while simultaneously maintain high resistance to dust deposition and sand erosion. The optimization algorithm is developed in MATLAB using C-language and coupled via ANSYS-ICEM to ANSYS-FLUENT computational fluid dynamics software for a particle-laden flow simulation until the optimization objectives are iteratively met. The optimization process yields a blade with lower sensitivity to surface roughness issues not only offsetting the 10.58% loss in Annual Energy Production (AEP) using the original profile, but actually boosting the AEP by 10.87% for the optimized blade. It is believed that this research may draw attention to the need for site-specific blade design to avoid environmental surface degradation as a result of dust deposition and sand erosion that may be unavoidable in the Saharan environment of countries in the MENA region.
Disability and Quality of Life After Talectomy for Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Authors: Sevencan Ahmet , Akdogan Ahmet , Ucpunar Hanifi , Ozyalvac Osman Nuri , Akpinar Evren , Bayhan Avni Ilhan 
Published: June 2022

Background: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is one of the causes of rigid and resistant clubfoot. Talectomy is considered as a primary or salvage procedure for recurrent equinovarus deformity in these patients. We conducted this study to assess patients with AMC who underwent talectomy for the correction of foot and ankle deformities in terms of health-related quality of life and disability. Methods: Patients under 10 years of age with a primary diagnosis of AMC who underwent talectomy and attended follow-up for at least 5 years were included in this study. We also formed an age- and gender-matched control group consisting of 20 individuals without any foot-ankle problem in order to compare the measurements between the AMC and healthy groups. Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire (OxAFQ) was administered as a health-related quality of life instrument to objectively measure the disability of the pediatric patients. Results: Twenty patients (10 girls, 10 boys) who underwent a total of 35 talectomy operations with an average follow-up of 7.2 years and a control group of 20 similarly aged unaffected children were included in the study. The mean OxAFQ scores were significantly lower in the AMC group than in the controls for all domains (physical, emotional, and school and play), especially for the one concerning satisfaction with footwear The presence of plantigrade foot and absence of forefoot supination were significantly associated with the physical and footwear domains of the OxAFQ scores. The presence of hindfoot varus, midfoot adductus, dorsal bunion, and having less than 10 degrees of dorsiflexion had no effect on the OxAFQ scores. Conclusion: In this study, we found that the major driving factors for satisfaction after talectomy for AMC were plantigrade foot and absence of forefoot supination. The mean OxAFQ scores were universally lower in the AMC group than controls. Finding comfortable footwear is a major concern for the AMC patients. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
COVID-19 Infection in Patients with Comorbidities: Clinical and Immunological Insight
Authors: El-Badawy Omnia , Elsherbiny Nahla M. , Abdeltawab Doaa , Magdy Doaa M. , Bakkar Lamees M. , Hassan Shimaa A. , Hassan Elham A. , Thabet Ahmed M. , Ashmawy Ahmed M. , Moustafa Ehab F. , Abbas Wael A. , Ahmad Ahmad Bahieldeen , Rayan Amal , Saad Khaled , Elhoufey Amira , Hussein Hosni A. M. , Thabet Ali A. , Zahran Asmaa M. 
Published: June 2022

Aim Our study's objectives were to study the clinical and laboratory characteristics that may serve as biomarkers for predicting disease severity, IL-10 levels, and frequencies of different T cell subsets in comorbid COVID-19 patients. Methods Sixty-two hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbidities were assessed clinically and radiologically. Blood samples were collected to assess the T lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry and IL-10 levels by ELISA. Results The most common comorbidities observed in COVID-19 patients were diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and malignancies. Common symptoms and signs included fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia, and sore throat. CRP, ferritin, D dimer, LDH, urea, creatinine, and direct bilirubin were significantly increased in patients than controls. Lymphocyte count and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were significantly decreased in comorbid COVID-19 patients, and CD25 and CD45RA expression were increased. CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and IL-10 levels were significantly decreased in patients. Conclusions Many parameters were found to be predictive of severity in the comorbid patients in our study. Significant reductions in the levels and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were found. In addition, CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs were significant decreased in patients, probably pointing to a prominent role of CD8+ Tregs in dampening CD4+ T-cell activation.
The impact of autism-related training programs on physician knowledge, self-efficacy, and practice behavior: A systematic review
Authors: Clarke Lauren , Fung Lawrence K 
Published: June 2022

One in 44 children in the United States is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Despite this, physicians receive little clinical training, inclusive of autistic patients. It is therefore not surprising that physicians report low levels of confidence in their ability to provide care to autistic individuals. This review examines the impact of specialized training programs on physicians’ knowledge of autism and their self-efficacy and practice behavior related to caring for autistic patients. A search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, ERIC, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed to identify studies evaluating specialized autism training programs for physicians or physician trainees. Seventeen studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria. The Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument was utilized to objectively measure the quality of the included studies. Based on the results reported in these studies, specialized autism training programs were associated with positive changes in physician knowledge and self-efficacy related to the care of autistic patients. Other than short-term increases in screening for autism, no other changes in physician behavior were studied. These results call for the development and evaluation of autism training programs that focus on improving physician behavior and patient outcomes. Lay abstract Autism spectrum disorder is estimated to impact 1.5 million children and almost 5.5 million adults. However, most physicians do not receive training on how to provide care to this increasingly large group of people. After performing a systematic review of the literature and screening over 4,500 unique articles focused on the effectiveness of autism-specific training programs designed for physicians and physician trainees, we determined that 17 studies met the pre-determined criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. The results reported by these studies suggest that by completing specialized training programs related to autism, physicians were more knowledgeable on topics related to the condition, more confident in their ability to provide care to autistic individuals, and more likely to screen their patients for autism spectrum disorder. However, further studies with higher quality data are needed to validate these findings and provide additional insight on the ability of these programs to improve physician behavior and patient outcomes. We are therefore advocating that medical educators develop and evaluate specialized autism training programs with an increased focus on improving physician behavior related to all aspects of providing care to autistic people.
Contemporary outcomes of initial treatment strategy of endovascular intervention or bypass in patients with critical limb ischemia
Authors: Qato Khalil , Bahroloomi Donna , Conway Allan , Lu Eileen , Pamoukian Vicken , Giangola Gary , Carroccio Alfio 
Published: June 2022

Objective The optimal management for revascularization after critical limb ischemia (CLI) is controversial due to limited studies comparing long-term results of endovascular and open techniques. This study compares long-term outcomes after initial management of CLI via lower extremity bypass (LEB) and percutaneous vascular intervention (PVI). Methods This retrospective cohort study investigates outcomes of patients who underwent endovascular or open surgical management for CLI at a single institution from 2013–2018. All patients with diagnosis of CLI were included and separated based on initial therapy of PVI or LEB. Demographic, procedural, and follow-up data were assessed. Primary endpoints included major adverse limb events (MALE), specifically the need for major amputation and reintervention. Secondary endpoints included mortality at 30 days and one year. A multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard regression model was used to assess the relationship between Surgery group and time to MALE/death while controlling for confounding variables. Results This study identified 338 patients with an initial diagnosis of CLI who underwent either LEB ( n = 108, 32%) or PVI ( n = 230, 68%). The average age was 71.4, 54.4% were male, 30% were African American, 53.6% were diabetic, and 93.2% had hypertension. Patients who underwent LEB were more predominantly smokers ( p = .003) and less predominantly on dialysis at time of surgery ( p = .01). Re-intervention rates in the bypass group (11%) were not significantly different than the PVI group (9%; p = .95). In the bypass group, 20 (19%) patients had a major amputation with a median time of 189.5 days compared to 23 (10%) patients at a median time of 113 days in the PVI group; however, this difference was not significant ( p = .16). There was no significant difference in 1-year mortality between the LEB (2%) and PVI group (4%; p = .2). The cumulative incidence of MALE/death at 30 days was 4.0% in the bypass group and 3.7% in the PVI group ( p = .2). Incidences of MALE/death were 21.1% and 48.5% in the bypass group and 19.7 and 45.9% in the PVI group at one and 2 years, respectively. Intervention type was not found to be significantly associated with MALE/death after controlling for possible confounders (HR = 0.82, p = .43). Conclusions In the initial management of CLI, there is no significant difference in long-term outcomes in terms of major amputation, need for reintervention, limb-salvage, and 1-year mortality.
The quality disparity of stroke care over time: An analysis based on the national dataset from 2011 to 2017
Authors: Li Jingkun , Chen Qihui , Wang Chao , Hou Shuang , Han Xinhao , Liu Meina , Pan Yonghui 
Published: June 2022

Background: Adherence to evidence-based hospital stroke care is variable and may change over time. It is important to determine which process measures are associated with variation in outcome. In a large dataset, we analyzed the association between process and outcome and the fluctuations of indicators over time, and identified quality indicators (QIs) that should be prioritized for improving the quality of stroke care. Methods: We analyzed data from 123,259 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who were treated at 109 large tertiary hospitals in China between January 2011 and May 2017. In total, 12 stroke treatment indicators were selected to calculate the hospital process composite performance (HPCP). Hospitals were divided into subgroups according to the time trend of HPCP estimated by the Group-Based Model. We analyzed the influence of hospital subgroups on the patient outcomes using a multi-level model and explored the QIs that led to variation. Results: The HPCP trends for stroke indicators of 109 hospitals over 7 years were divided into two groups (Group 1, low-HPCP; Group 2, high-HPCP). After adjusting for patient age, medical insurance, comorbidities, patterns of admission, and NIHSS-scores, patients in the high-HPCP group presented higher rate of independence and longer length of stay compared to the low-HPCP group. The multi-level model showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the utilization rate between the two groups, with most marked differences seen in emergency assessment and function evaluation indicators. Conclusion: Variation in the quality of stroke care exists across hospitals, and better adherence to guideline-based care is associated with improved outcomes. We found that QIs related to emergency examination and functional assessment were the main factors differing between good and poor adherers to stroke indicators, suggesting that quality improvement in stroke care could prioritize these QIs.
Visuospatial and Executive Dysfunction in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Kidney Failure: A Multilevel Modeling Analysis
Authors: Jawa Natasha A. , Vanderlinden Jessica A. , Scott Stephen H. , Jacobson Jill A. , Silver Samuel A. , Holden Rachel , Boyd J. Gordon 
Published: June 2022

Background: Neurocognitive impairment is a common finding across the spectrum of kidney disease and carries important consequences for quality of life. We previously demonstrated that robotic technology can identify neurocognitive impairments not readily detectable by traditional testing in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: The present study aimed to assess whether these quantifiable deficits in neurocognition differ based on a diagnosis of AKI, CKD, or kidney failure. Design: This was a cross-sectional analysis of participants previously enrolled in an observational study. Setting: Patients were enrolled at a tertiary academic hospital, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada. Patients: Adults with AKI, CKD, or kidney failure. Measurements: Each participant underwent robotic neurocognitive assessment using the Kinarm: an interactive robotic device that uses a series of behavioral tasks involving movement of the upper limbs to precisely quantify neurocognitive impairment across a variety of neurocognitive domains. Methods: Multilevel modeling was used to determine the effect of Kinarm task type, kidney diagnostic group (AKI vs CKD vs kidney failure), and the interaction between the two, on neurocognitive performance. Results: A total of 104 participants within 1 year of an AKI event or with CKD category G3-5 were enrolled. We found that across all of the kidney diagnostic groups, participants performed worst on the Kinarm tasks of Reverse Visually Guided Reaching ( b = 0.64 [95% confidence interval = 0.42, 0.85]), Visually Guided Reaching ( b = 0.28 [0.07, 0.49]), and Trail Making ( b = 0.50 [0.28, 0.72]), relative to all other tasks. There were no significant differences in average performance across tasks based on kidney diagnostic group. However, diagnostic group and neurocognitive task type interacted to determine performance, such that patients with AKI performed worse than those with either CKD or kidney failure on the Reverse Visually Guided Reaching task. Limitations: Kinarm assessment was performed at a single time point, and the sample size itself was small, which may lead to the risk of a false-positive association despite the use of multilevel modeling. Our sample size also did not permit inclusion of the underlying etiology of kidney impairment as a covariate in our analyses, which may have also influenced neurocognitive function. Conclusions: In this study that utilized the Kinarm to assess neurocognitive function, patients with AKI demonstrated significantly worse neurocognitive functioning than patients with CKD or kidney failure on a task measuring executive function and visuomotor control.