bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teriparatide Followed by Denosumab in Premenopausal Idiopathic Osteoporosis: Bone Microstructure and Strength by HR-pQCT
Authors: Agarwal Sanchita , Shiau Stephanie , Kamanda-Kosseh Mafo , Bucovsky Mariana , Kil Nayoung , Lappe Joan M. , Stubby Julie , Recker Robert R. , Guo X. Edward , Shane Elizabeth , Cohen Adi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPremenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis (PreMenIOP) have marked deficits in skeletal microstructure. We have reported that sequential treatment with teriparatide and denosumab improves central skeletal bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and central QCT in PreMenIOP. We conducted preplanned analyses of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans from teriparatide and denosumab extension studies to measure effects on volumetric BMD (vBMD), microarchitecture, and estimated strength at the distal radius and tibia. Of 41 women enrolled in the parent teriparatide study (20 mcg daily), 34 enrolled in the HR-pQCT study. HR-pQCT participants initially received teriparatide (N = 24) or placebo (N = 10) for 6 months; all then received teriparatide for 24 months. After teriparatide, 26 enrolled in the phase 2B denosumab extension (60 mg q6M) for 24 months. Primary outcomes were percentage change in vBMD, microstructure, and stiffness after teriparatide and after denosumab. Changes after sequential teriparatide and denosumab were secondary outcomes. After teriparatide, significant improvements were seen in tibial trabecular number (3.3%, p = 0.01), cortical area and thickness (both 2.7%, p &lt; 0.001), and radial trabecular microarchitecture (number: 6.8%, thickness: 2.2%, separation: −5.1%, all p &lt; 0.02). Despite increases in cortical porosity and decreases in cortical density, whole-bone stiffness and failure load increased at both sites. After denosumab, increases in total (3.5%, p &lt; 0.001 and 3.3%, p = 0.02) and cortical vBMD (1.7% and 3.2%; both p &lt; 0.01), and failure load (1.1% and 3.6%; both p &lt; 0.05) were seen at tibia and radius, respectively. Trabecular density (3.5%, p &lt; 0.001) and number (2.4%, p = 0.03) increased at the tibia, while thickness (3.0%, p = 0.02) increased at the radius. After 48 months of sequential treatment, significant increases in total vBMD (tibia: p &lt; 0.001; radius: p = 0.01), trabecular microstructure (p &lt; 0.05), cortical thickness (tibia: p &lt; 0.001; radius: p = 0.02), and whole bone strength (p &lt; 0.02) were seen at both sites. Significant increases in total vBMD and bone strength parameters after sequential treatment with teriparatide followed by denosumab support the use of this regimen in PreMenIOP. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Predicting factors of echocardiographic super‐response to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Zand Sara , Sadeghian Hakimeh , Kazemisaied Ali , Ashraf Haleh , Lotfi‐Tokaldany Masoumeh , Jalali Arash 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the clinical and echocardiographic predictors of echocardiographic super‐response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure patients.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from 97 patients, who underwent CRT and were followed up (median time = 20.33 months). All had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%, New‐York‐Heart‐Association class 3 or 4, and Q wave, R wave and S wave (QRS) duration >120 ms. Time‐to‐peak systolic velocity was measured for individual LV segments by tissue Doppler imaging prior to CRT. Two‐dimensional echocardiography was carried out before and at follow‐up, and ≥12.5% increase in LVEF was defined as super‐response.ResultsFrom the 97 patients, 23 (23.7%) were super‐responders. Super‐responders were more frequently female (52.2% vs. 24.3%, respectively; p value = 0.012). Among super‐responders, the mean of LV end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes were significantly lower. According to dyssynchrony indices, time delay between anteroseptal and posterior wall and SD of all LV segments timing showed significantly higher values in super‐responders. By multivariate analysis, LV end‐systolic volume and anteroseptal‐to‐posterior wall delay remained independently associated with echocardiographic super‐response to CRT.ConclusionAbout one‐fourth of our patients with CRT were super‐responder in that they had ≥12.5% increase in LVEF by echocardiography. Among all the clinical and echocardiographic measures, only lower LV end‐systolic volume and higher anteroseptal‐to‐posterior wall delay predicted super‐response.
Chronic steroid use: An overlooked impact on patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Farraj Kristen L , Pellegrini James R , Munshi Rezwan F , Russe‐Russe Jose , Kaliounji Aboud , Tiwana Muhammad S , Srivastava Pranay , Subramani Krishnayer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimSteroids have long been used in inducing remission of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Chronic use, defined as therapy greater than 3 months, has been implicated in complications including increased hospital length of stay (LOS), infections, and even death. In our retrospective study, we aim to identify the complications of chronic steroid use in patients with IBD.MethodsThe fourth quarter of 2015–2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used in this study. International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10) codes were used to identify patients with a diagnosis of IBD and chronic steroid use. Adverse outcomes of chronic steroid use in IBD patients were analyzed, such as osteoporosis, opportunistic infections, mortality rate, and LOS. Cohorts were weighted using an algorithm provided by the NIS allowing for accurate national estimates.ResultsA total of 283 970 patients had a diagnosis of IBD. Of those, 18 030 patients had concurrent chronic steroid use. Racial disparities existed, with 77.4% White, 12.7% Black, and 6.0% Hispanic. Patients with a history of IBD and chronic steroid use were found to have higher odds of developing osteoporosis, opportunistic infections, and acute thromboembolic events but did not have higher odds of mortality.ConclusionThere is much controversy about whether IBD patients should be on chronic steroids for maintenance therapy and this study highlights the importance of this decision as patients on chronic steroid use had higher odds of developing adverse effects. These results stress the importance of monitoring patients on steroids and avoiding chronic use.
Iron‐catalyzed construction of cyanomethylated thiohydantoins by cross‐dehydrogenative C(sp3)‐C(sp3) coupling
Authors: Morja Mayur I. , Moradiya Riddhi B. , Makwana Bhavik S. , Chikhalia Kishor H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe efficient and novel approach for synthesizing cyanomethylated thiohydantoin from readily obtainable acetonitrile and 1,3‐dibenzyl‐2‐thiohydantoin through iron(II)‐catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) protocol is documented here. The strategy displays extensive substrate scope, and provides an effectual construction of cyanomethylated thiohydantoins in moderate to good yield. Prominently, this new methodology represents hitherto unobserved reactivity pattern for the thiohydantoin.
Carbon balance and controlling factors in a summer maize agroecosystem in the Guanzhong Plain, China
Authors: Peng Xiongbiao , Ma Jing , Cai Huanjie , Wang Yunfei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuantifying the carbon balance of agroecosystems and clarifying the factors controlling it are essential for estimating the regional carbon cycle and global carbon balance.RESULTSBased on the eddy covariance (EC) technique and soil respiration observations during the 2017 and 2019 summer maize growing seasons, this study analyzed the carbon balance and revealed the factors controlling carbon fluxes in the summer maize agroecosystem. Green leaf area index was the most important factor affecting net ecosystem exchange (NEE), total primary productivity, and total ecosystem respiration (TER) in the rapid development stage during the growing season, followed by soil water content. However, precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, saturated vapor pressure difference, and photosynthetically active radiation were the main factors that influenced carbon balance at the middle stage. The cumulative TER in 2019 was 40% (320.9 g C m−2) higher than that in 2017. The NEE estimates of summer maize agroecosystems in 2017 and 2019 were −71.7 and 160.4 g C m−2, respectively. Accounting for the carbon input at sowing (10 g C m−2) and the similar carbon output at harvest owing to grain removal, the net biome productivity in 2019 was 1.75 times that in 2017, at −636 and −363 g C m−2, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe carbon balance of the summer maize agroecosystem in the Guanzhong Plain was determined to be a net carbon source that could export carbon at an average rate of 499.5 g C m−2 yr−1. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification of allergenic epitopes destroyed by two processing technologies of glycinin A2 from soybean
Authors: Xi Jun , Li Yingying , Cheng Huibin , Wang Yichao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlycinin is one of the most highly allergenic proteins in soybeans, and G2 is one of the five allergenic subunits of glycinin. Compared with the alkaline chain, the acidic chain A2 of the G2 subunit has strong allergenicity. However, the precise epitopes of A2 and the epitopes destroyed during processing are still unknown.RESULTSIn the present study, preparation of two specific antibodies damaged by processing and phage display techniques were applied to locate the antigenic epitopes of glycinin A2 polypeptide chains disrupted by two processing techniques (thermal processing and ultra‐high pressure combined thermal processing). Bioinformatics methods were used to predict the possible epitopes of the A2 chain. The A2 chain and its overlapping segments were introduced into T7 phages and expressed on phage shell by phage display. An indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to screen for antigenic epitopes that had been disrupted by the two processing technologies. The results showed that the dominant antigenic region disrupted by processing was located mainly in the A2‐3‐B fragment. The reacting experiment with the serum of allergic patients showed that the A2‐3‐B fragment protein was not only an antigenic region, but also an allergenic region. The two processing technologies destroyed the allergenic epitopes of A2 chain, thereby reducing the allergenicity of protein. The amino acids where the dominant allergenic region disrupted by processing was located were: 233AIVTVKGGLRVTAPAMRKPQQEEDDDDEEEQPQCVE268.CONCLUSIONPrecise epitopes of the acidic chain A2 in glycinin were identified and epitopes destroyed in two common processing methods were also obtained. The application products of rapid detection of de‐allergenicity effect of processed food can be developed according to the location of processed destruction allergenic region, which is of great significance with respect to preventing the occurrence of soybean allergenic diseases. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigation of some bioactive compounds, in vitro bioaccessibility, and sensory acceptability of couscous produced by pre‐gelatinized rice flour
Authors: Aydin Emine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory properties, antioxidant capacities, total phenolic content, and their bioaccessibility in gluten‐free rice couscous that is produced without additives. Since rice does not contain gluten, pre‐gelatinized rice flour (GRF) was added instead of gum and enzymes in order to provide the desired structure in the couscous samples.ResultsAccording to the results, the total phenolic content of couscous samples was increased with GRF addition. The highest extractable and hydrolyzable antioxidant capacity values were observed in the couscous samples supplemented with 30% GRF using the 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation, cupric‐reducing antioxidant capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity methods. The bioaccessibility of antioxidant capacity was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control sample in all methods except the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl free radical method in the couscous samples.ConclusionAccording to the data obtained, it has been determined that couscous, which has a very small round shape, can be produced with GRF without additives. In this context, gluten‐free rice couscous could be used as an alternative valuable food in terms of nutrition and can be an alternative traditional food for celiac diseases as well as for individuals preferring the consumption of gluten‐free products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Temperature‐related factors are the better determinants of belowground bud density, while moisture‐related factors are the better determinants of belowground bud diversity at the regional scale
Authors: Ma Qun , Qian Jianqiang , Shi Xiaoyu , Qin Xuanping , Tian Liang , Liu Zhimin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBelowground bud banks mediate several critical processes in grassland ecosystems under global climate change. However, the functions of belowground bud bank along large‐scale climatic gradients have rarely been reported. This study focused on the temperature and moisture transects at the regional scale to study the spatial pattern of belowground bud banks in grasslands of northern China, with purpose of examining: (1) whether the effects of temperature and moisture factors on belowground bud banks were similar; and (2) whether the effects of climate factors on bud density and diversity were similar. Results showed that bud banks had stronger linear relationships with factors in the zonal transect than those in the meridional transect; for bud densities, temperature‐related factors along the zonal transect were major determinants, and the maximum annual snow depth (MAS) contributed the most to the total bud density, whereas bud bank diversity was significantly related to moisture factors along the meridional transect, but showed no significant relationships with any factors along the zonal transect. Our study demonstrated that temperature factors were better determinants of bud density, while moisture factors were better determinants of bud diversity at the regional scale. The MAS was the major factor in determining bud bank density, with a higher density in the colder region. These results are crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying population regeneration and community dynamics under global climate change.
Organic soil amendments and food security: Evidence from Cameroon
Authors: Tabe‐Ojong Martin Paul Jr. , Fabinin Akem Nina , Minkoua Nzié Jules René , Molua Ernest Lytia , Fonkeng Eltson Eteckji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFood insecurity remains a persistent policy issue in many developing countries. While socio‐political, epidemiological, climatic, and productivity‐related factors have received attention regarding food insecurity, a rarely considered factor is the changing quality of the soil, a natural resource base that has the potential of increasing or reducing vulnerability to food insecurity. The use of organic soil amendments may be socioeconomically and environmentally advantageous. This study examines the inherent relationship between the use of organic soil amendments and food security among smallholder farming households. Using the seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model and the recursive bivariate probit (RBP) model on nationally representative household‐level data from Cameroon, we find evidence that the use of organic soil amendments is positively associated with household food security. We also find the use of organic soil amendments to be associated with reduced levels of mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity. Empirical evidence is also suggestive of a positive association between crop diversification and food security. The results further show that households with larger farm sizes tend to use more organic soil amendments than households with smaller farms. Taken together, our findings confirm another pathway of improving food security with implications for the broad path toward achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 of ending hunger.
Lightweight and High Impact Polypropylene Foam Fabricated via Ultra‐Low Gas Pressure Injection Molding
Authors: Ma Wenyu , Weng Zhengsheng , Wu Minghui , Ren Qian , Wu Fei , Wang Long , Zheng Wenge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFoamed materials play an important role in a lightweight design. Foam injection molding (FIM) is an advanced and convenient way to fabricate lightweight structural materials. Recently, a new foam injection molding machine is developed, which only needs ultra‐low gas pressure to fabricate microcellular foam. As a universal plastic, polypropylene (PP) is widely used due to its good mechanical properties. But after foaming, the toughness of the PP tends to decrease. Herein, a lightweight and high‐impact polypropylene foam is fabricated via the new FIM technology with an ultra‐low nitrogen pressure of 6.5 MPa. PP/polyolefin elastomer (POE) foam with a tiny cell size of 4.13 µm and high cell density of 2.7 × 109 cm−3 is successfully obtained. Owing to the superior cellular structure, compared with the pure PP foam, after adding the POE component, the maximum impact performance is increased by 465%. In this work, an easy‐to‐industrialized method for preparing lightweight and high‐impact injection‐molded PP foams are presented.
Radio‐fluorogenic nanoclay gel dosimeters with reduced linear energy transfer dependence for carbon‐ion beam radiotherapy
Authors: Maeyama Takuya , Mochizuki Anri , Yoshida Kazuki , Fukunishi Nobuhisa , Ishikawa Kenichi L. , Fukuda Shigekazu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe precise assessment of the dose distribution of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation remains a challenge, because the signal of most dosimeters will be saturated due to the high ionization density. Such measurements are particularly important for heavy‐ion beam cancer therapy. On this basis, the present work examined the high LET effect associated with three‐dimensional gel dosimetry based on radiation‐induced chemical reactions. The purpose of this study was to create an ion beam radio‐fluorogenic gel dosimeter with a reduced effect of LET.MethodsNanoclay radio‐fluorogenic gel (NC‐RFG) dosimeters were prepared, typically containing 100 μM dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR123) and 2.0 wt% nanoclay together with catalytic additives promoting Fenton or Fenton‐like reactions. The radiological properties of NC‐RFG dosimeters having different compositions in response to a carbon‐ion beam were investigated using a fluorescence gel scanner.ResultsAn NC‐RFG dosimeter capable of generating a fluorescence intensity distribution reflecting the carbon‐ion beam dose profile was obtained. It was clarified that the reduction of the unfavorable LET dependence results from an acceleration of the reactions between DHR123 and H2O2, which is a molecular radiolysis product. The effects of varying the preparation conditions on the radiological properties of these gels were also examined. The optimum H2O2 catalyst was determined to include 1 mM Fe3+ ions, and the addition of 100 mM pyridine was also found to increase the sensitivity.ConclusionsThis technique allows the first‐ever evaluation of the depth–dose profile of a carbon‐ion beam at typical therapeutic levels of several Gy without LET effect.
Transurethral water vapor ablation of the prostate with the Rezūm system: Urodynamic findings
Authors: Martinelli Evangelista , Cindolo Luca , Grossi Francesco Saverio , Kuczyk Markus Antonius , Siena Giampaolo , Oelke Matthias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThe efficacy of the transurethral convective interstitial radiofrequency water vapor thermal ablation of the prostate with the Rezūm system for the treatment of male lower urinary tract symptom due to benign prostatic hyperplasia is well proven.The improvement of urodynamic parameters obtained from a simple uroflowmetry cannot measure the effect of water vapor injection on the bladder outlet obstruction.MethodsThis monocentric retrospective pilot study analyzes the data of pressure‐flow studies performed before and after 17 Rezūm procedures to answer the question whether thus obtained ablation of prostate tissue has a disobstructive effect on the bladder outlet.ResultsAll the functional outcomes were consistently improved after the procedure, with a median flowrate increase of 5.1 ml/s (p = 0.0022) and a median postvoid residual urine (PVR) reduction of 100 ml (p = 0.0042). The prostate volume was reduced by 40% (p < 0.0001) and the median Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index (BOOI) reduction was 53.8 (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThese data show that the possibility to significantly reduce the obstruction grade with even a single Rezūm procedure is concrete and seems to be independent from the degree of the obstruction grade.
Validation of the Spanish Acute Cystitis Symptoms Score (ACSS) in native Spanish‐speaking women of Europe and Latin America
Authors: Medina‐Polo José , Arrébola‐Pajares Ana , Corrales‐Riveros Juan Guillermo , Alidjanov Jakhongir F. , Lorenzo‐Gómez María F. , Tapia Ana‐María H. , Martínez‐Berganza María Lourdes , Ospina‐Galeano Irma A. , Padilla‐Fernández Bárbara , Pilatz Adrian , Naber Kurt G. , Wagenlehner Florian M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesThe Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS) is a patient self‐reporting questionnaire for clinical diagnostics and patient‐reported outcome (PRO), which may assess the symptoms and the effect on the quality of life in women with acute cystitis (AC). The current study aimed to create a validated Spanish version of the ACSS questionnaire.Material and MethodsThe process of linguistic validation of the Spanish version of the ACSS consisted of the independent forward and backward translations, revision and reconciliation, and cognitive assessment. Clinical evaluation of the study version of the ACSS was carried out in clinics in Spain and Latin America. Statistical tests included the calculation of Cronbach's α, split‐half reliability, specificity, sensitivity, diagnostic odds ratio, positive and negative likelihood ratio, and area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsThe study was performed on 132 patients [age (mean;SD) 45.0;17.8 years] with AC and 55 controls (44.5;12.2 years). Cronbach's α of the ACSS was 0.86, and the split‐half reliability was 0.82. The summary scores of the ACSS domains were significantly higher in patients than in controls, 16.0 and 2.0 (p < 0.001), respectively. The predefined cut‐off point of ≥6 for a summary score of the “Typical” domain resulted in a specificity of 83.6% and a sensitivity of 99.2% for the Spanish version of the ACSS. AUC was 0.91 [0.85; 0.97].ConclusionsThe validated Spanish ACSS questionnaire evaluates the symptoms and clinical outcomes of patients with AC. It can be used as a patient's self‐diagnosis of AC, as a PRO measure tool, and help to rule out other pathologies in patients with voiding syndrome.