bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare case of Histoplasma capsulatum endocarditis in a patient with a prosthetic valve
Authors: Manning Emily M , Zorach Benjamin , Kumar Anirudh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis of fungal endocarditis can be challenging, especially among cases with negative blood culture results. Of fungal endocarditis cases, Histoplasma capsulatum constitutes an even smaller proportion with ∼58 prior cases reported. Due to the rarity of histoplasmosis endocarditis and thus limited data, there is no current diagnostic guideline for testing within culture negative infective endocarditis.

Case summary
Our patient was a 58-year-old female presenting with worsening dyspnoea, hypotension, and near-syncope. In this case report, we depict the clinical presentation and diagnosis of H. capsulatum endocarditis in a female patient with a prosthetic aortic valve and negative blood cultures. We further demonstrate the rising risk of fungal endocarditis with use of external devices.

Discussion
Despite the rarity of fungal endocarditis, there has been a recent upward trend in infections given the rising use of external devices, greater number of immunocompromised patients, and rising rates of intravenous drug use. Recently, more cases of fungal endocarditis have been occurring in patients with prosthetic valves compared to native. Although H. capsulatum constitutes a smaller proportion of fungal endocarditis cases, patients with appropriate risk factors and those who have been exposed to at-risk areas such as the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys, may benefit from further evaluation.
The Wheels of Change: Technology Adoption, Millwrights and the Persistence in Britain'S Industrialisation
Authors: Mokyr Joel , Sarid Assaf , van der Beek Karine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of the early adoption of technology on the evolution of human capital and industrialisation. We argue that mechanical skills and competence were a main determinant of the location of industry on the eve of the Industrial Revolution. It concentrates on the case of millwrights, eighteenth-century specialists in advanced carpentry and hydraulic machinery. Millwrights were a key part of the upper tail of the distribution of mechanical abilities. Their emergence was determined by the early adoption of watermills in the Middle Ages as recorded in the Domesday Book survey (1086). Their location displays considerable persistence.
Combined influence of sedentary behaviours and chronic pain on depressive symptoms in older Korean adults with hypertension
Authors: Won Mi Hwa , Son Youn-Jung 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
Depressive symptoms in hypertensive patients are linked to poor adherence to treatment. Sedentary behaviours and chronic pain can increase blood pressure and depressive symptoms, respectively. However, the impact of their coexistence on depressive symptoms in older adults with hypertension has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to identify the combined influence of sedentary behaviours and chronic pain on depressive symptoms in older adults with hypertension in Korea.

Methods and results
This cross-sectional study used data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from January to December 2014. The survey adopted multistage stratified sampling by geographical region, gender, and age. For the data analysis, a total of 573 patients with hypertension aged 65 years or older were included. Approximately, 61.0% of depressed older patients had both sedentary behaviours and chronic pain compared with patients without depressive symptoms. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, compared with patients without either sedentary behaviours or chronic pain, older adults with hypertension who presented both sedentary behaviours, and chronic pain had the highest risk of depressive symptoms (odds ratio = 13.86, 95% confidence interval = 5.87–32.71; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Coexistence of sedentary behaviours and chronic pain in older hypertensive patients may lead to depressive symptoms. Evaluating both sedentary behaviours and chronic pain when assessing depressive symptoms in patients with hypertension would be beneficial in planning a patient-centred approach for controlling blood pressure. More prospective cohort studies with larger samples are required to identify the causal relationships.
Nationwide study of mortality and sudden cardiac death in young persons diagnosed with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Svane Jesper , Nielsen Jakob Lund , Stampe Niels Kjær , Feldt-Rasmussen Bo , Garcia Rodrigue , Risgaard Bjarke , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Winkel Bo Gregers , Lynge Thomas Hadberg , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to compare short- and long-term risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among persons aged 18–49 years with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods and results
Using Danish nationwide health registries, all persons aged 18–49 years diagnosed with earlier stages of CKD or chronic kidney failure from 1 July 1995 through 2009 were identified. Non-exposed subjects matched on sex and birth-year were identified. All SCD in the Danish population aged 18–49 years in 2000–2009 have previously been identified using information from the Danish nationwide health registries, death certificates, and autopsy reports. In total, 9308 incident cases of earlier stage CKD and 1233 incident cases of chronic kidney failure were included. Among patients with earlier stage CKD, the absolute risk of SCD 1, 5, and 10 years after diagnosis was 0.14%, 0.37%, and 0.68%, respectively. Compared with age- and sex-matched subjects the corresponding relative risk (RR) was 20.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.4–48.8], 7.1 (95% CI 4.2–12.0), and 6.1 (95% CI 3.8–9.7), respectively. Among patients with chronic kidney failure, the absolute 1-, 5-, and 10-year risk of SCD was 0.17%, 0.56%, and 2.07%, respectively. The corresponding RR was 12.5 (95% CI 1.4–111.6), 7.9 (95% CI 2.3–27.0), and 10.1 (95% CI 4.5–22.6).

Conclusion
Persons with earlier stage CKD and chronic kidney failure had increased risk of SCD compared with the background population with a 6- to 20-fold increased risk of SCD. These findings underline the importance of early cardiovascular risk monitoring and assessment in persons with CKD.
Downward continuation of marine seismic reflection data: an undervalued tool to improve velocity models
Authors: Jimenez-Tejero C E , Ranero Cesar R , Sallares Valenti , Gras Claudia 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARY
The purpose of marine seismic experiments is to provide information of the structure and physical properties of the subsurface. The P-wave velocity distribution is the most commonly modelled property, usually by inversion of arrival times or waveform attributes. In wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction (WAS) experiments, arrival times of seismic phases identified in data recorded by ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) are used to image relatively deep structures. Most WAS experiments have relatively low redundancy and produce robust velocity models of limited resolution. The shallow subsurface is also commonly studied with multichannel seismic (MCS) data recorded by towed streamers, a technique that is highly complementary to WAS. In this case, the recording of refractions as first arrivals is limited primarily by the streamer length and by features like water depth and the velocity structure and, in general, most refractions are masked by reflections and noise. However, MCS data of variable quality are available in many regions where no other data exist and previous work has shown that these data can also be used to retrieve velocity models through traveltime and full waveform inversion provided that first arrival information is properly extracted from the record sections. The most widely used tool to extract refractions as first arrivals from MCS recordings is the so-called downward continuation technique, which is designed for redatuming streamer field data to the seafloor. In this new virtual configuration, the early refractions transform to seismic phases that are becoming visible as first arrivals from nearly zero offset, facilitating their identification and use in traveltime tomography. However, there is limited literature, let alone available codes, to be used with the available MCS data sets. This work presents a user-friendly open source HPC software for redatuming 2-D streamer field data to the sea bottom for any seafloor relief. The main ingredient is the acoustic wave equation used backwards in time, allowing first the redatuming of the receivers and then the redatuming of the sources. Assessment tools are provided to evaluate the information available after redatuming for specific data acquisition configurations. Also, we present a step-by-step analysis that defines the most important features that influence the quality of the virtual, redatumed recordings.
Coverage of iron and folic acid supplementation in India: progress under the Anemia Mukt Bharat strategy 2017–20
Authors: Joe William ,   Rinju, Patel Narendra , Alambusha Ruby , Kulkarni Bharati , Yadav Kapil , Sethi Vani 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh prevalence of anaemia is a severe public health problem in India. In 2018, India launched the Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) strategy that focuses on six beneficiary groups for coverage, six institutional mechanisms for health system strengthening and six programmatic interventions to accelerate reductions in anaemia prevalence. This paper uses the Health Management Information System data (2017–18 to 2019–20) to examine gains in IFA coverage across Indian states. A coverage-based AMB index is computed to review performance across states. After the launch of AMB strategy, the Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation coverage between 2017–18 and 2019–20 has increased for all beneficiary groups [pregnant women from 78% to 90%; lactating mothers from 34% to 49%; school going adolescent girls (boys) from 23% to 40% (21% to 42%); out-of-school adolescent girls from 6% to 23%; children 5–9 years from 8% to 3% and children 6–59 months from 7% to 15%]. Coverage was relatively low for target groups being served through a multi-departmental convergence mechanism (health and other departments such as education department for schools or women and child development department for Anganwadi centres) than compared to those served by health department alone. However, no major gender disparities are noted in the coverage of IFA supplementation among school-going girls and boys. Bulk of the variations in coverage is attributable to state-specific differences. Training and sensitization workshops for state and district officials are found to be associated with increased coverage across beneficiary groups. The paper argues that despite following international best practices in the field, it is important to harness synergy in programme implementation across line departments to eliminate coverage inefficiencies.
Youth on the Frontlines: Preventing Human Rights Abuses in Violent Contexts, A Case Study of LUCHA in the DR of Congo
Authors: Cirhigiri Christian 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT∞
Increasingly, transitional justice (TJ) mechanisms are implemented in contexts of ongoing violence where youth are often perceived as victims or perpetrators of human rights violations. This reductionist conceptualization of youth is problematic for understanding the diverse identities of youth in contexts where large-scale human rights violations occur. It also obscures the positive roles of youth as non-State actors in advancing human rights accountability and preventing the recurrence of specific human rights violations. This article explores how youth participation in LUCHA—a countrywide youth movement born from Goma (North Kivu) that advocates for greater political and civic involvement of Congolese—influences youth understandings of justice and contributes to the non-recurrence of specific human rights violations. Using collective participation as a conceptual lens and semi-structured interviews and focus groups conducted in 2015 and 2021 with LUCHA activists, the article contends that overemphasizing State actors eclipses non-State actors’ roles—including youth-led peace and justice initiatives in areas where State actors are inexistent or have weakened legitimacy. The article’s central claim is that ignoring the nexus between youth participation and justice understandings, particularly in contexts of ongoing violence, limits TJ’s full potential to unfold in these contexts. By zooming in on the TJ pillar of Guarantees of Non Recurrence (GoNR), the article is an invitation to further interrogate youth’s roles in TJ contexts and expand the field’s toolkit to accommodate their unique contributions.
Spectrum of the Neumann–Poincaré Operator and Optimal Estimates for Transmission Problems in the Presence of Two Circular Inclusions
Authors: Ji Yong-Gwan , Kang Hyeonbae 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate the field concentration for conductivity equations in the presence of closely located circular inclusions by exploiting the spectral nature residing behind the phenomenon of the field concentration. This approach enables us not only to recover the existing results with new insights but also to produce significant new results. We recover known optimal estimates for the derivatives of the solution when the conductivities of the inclusions have the same relative signs, which show with optimal rates of blow-up that if the conductivity of both inclusions is either 0 or $\infty $, then derivatives (including the gradient) become arbitrarily large as the distance between two inclusions tends to 0. We obtain as new results optimal estimates for the derivatives of solution when the relative conductivities of inclusions have different signs. Estimates obtained show that the gradient of the solution is bounded regardless of the distance between inclusions, but the 2nd and higher derivatives may blow up as the distance tends to zero if one of conductivities is $0$ and the other is $\infty $. We also show by examples that the estimates obtained are optimal.
On Dynamical Cancellation
Authors: Bell Jason P , Matsuzawa Yohsuke , Satriano Matthew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLet $X$ be a projective variety and let $f$ be a dominant endomorphism of $X$, both of which are defined over a number field $K$. We consider a question of the 2nd author, Meng, Shibata, and Zhang, who asks whether the tower of $K$-points $Y(K)\subseteq (f^{-1}(Y))(K)\subseteq (f^{-2}(Y))(K)\subseteq \cdots $ eventually stabilizes, where $Y\subset X$ is a subvariety invariant under $f$. We show this question has an affirmative answer when the map $f$ is étale. We also look at a related problem of showing that there is some integer $s_0$, depending only on $X$ and $K$, such that whenever $x, y \in X(K)$ have the property that $f^{s}(x) = f^{s}(y)$ for some $s \geqslant 0$, we necessarily have $f^{s_{0}}(x) = f^{s_{0}}(y)$. We prove this holds for étale morphisms of projective varieties, as well as self-morphisms of smooth projective curves. We also prove a more general cancellation theorem for polynomial maps on ${\mathbb {P}}^1$ where we allow for composition by multiple different maps $f_1,\dots ,f_r$.
Inclusion of sire by herd interaction effect in the genomic evaluation for weaning weight of American Angus
Authors: Jang Sungbong , Lourenco Daniela , Miller Stephen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A spurious negative genetic correlation between direct and maternal effects of weaning weight (WW) in beef cattle has historically been problematic for researchers and industry. Previous research has suggested the covariance between sires and herds may be contributing to this relationship. The objective of this study was to estimate the variance components (VC) for WW in American Angus with and without sire by herd (S×H) interaction effect when genomic information is used or not. Five subsets of ~100k animals for each subset were used. When genomic information was included, genotypes were added for 15,637 animals. Five replicates were performed. Four different models were tested, namely, M1: without S×H interaction effect and with covariance between direct and maternal effect (σam) ≠ 0; M2: with S×H interaction effect and σam ≠ 0; M3: without S×H interaction effect and with σam = 0; M4: with S×H interaction effect and σam = 0. VC were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and single-step genomic REML (ssGREML) with the average information algorithm. Breeding values were computed using single-step genomic BLUP for the models above and one additional model, which had the covariance zeroed after the estimation of VC (M5). The ability of each model to predict future breeding values was investigated with the linear regression method. Under REML, when the S×H interaction effect was added to the model, both direct and maternal genetic variances were greatly reduced, and the negative covariance became positive (i.e., when moving from M1 to M2). Similar patterns were observed under ssGREML, but with less reduction in the direct and maternal genetic variances and still a negative covariance. Models with the S×H interaction effect (M2 and M4) had a better fit according to the Akaike information criteria. Breeding values from those models were more accurate and had less bias than the other three models. The rankings and breeding values of artificial insemination sires (N = 1,977) greatly changed when the S×H interaction effect was fit in the model. Although the S×H interaction effect accounted for 3% to 5% of the total phenotypic variance and improved the model fit, this change in the evaluation model will cause severe reranking among animals.
When Being a Good Samaritan is Not Good Enough: Church Sanctuary and Privileged Responsibility
Authors: Dronkers Pieter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Interventions by states, civil society organizations, and individual citizens to support asylum seekers are often seen and justified as acts of rescue. The rescue frame suggests that any action that improves the precarious situation of refugees is a positive achievement. Commendable as it is to take responsibility for people in need, to use a rescue logic to assess support for refugees is problematic on three levels. Politically, measures that bring positive outcomes for individual asylum seekers can at the same time enable the continuation of an unjust status quo that is to the disadvantage of many others. At the level of civil society, the rescue logic makes it easier for civil society organizations to temper the intensity of their engagement with refugees with the argument that it would be unfair to expect that this support would come at the expense of their own interests, political status, or internal cohesion. Finally, by taking responsibility for asylum seekers, citizens might simultaneously reinforce their privileged position, and thus strengthen citizenship regimes that sustain the very exclusion of refugees they seek to protest. Based on the care ethical work of Marcia Morgan, an approach to refugee care is developed that goes beyond Good Samaritanism and privileged responsibility. Through aesthetic care, democratic listening, and political imagination, citizens and refugees can jointly develop acts of contestation that not only bring tactical gains, but also actually contribute to political transformation.
Exploring Chinese lexical differences based on synergetic-linguistic model
Authors: Lin Nankai , Zhu Yiying , Jiang Shengyi , Cai Xiaonan , Zhang Yusha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAt the stage of current studies, the synergetic-linguistic model is mainly used for the validation of individual languages, lacking application to the measurement of linguistic differences. In addition, the structure of the model is largely fixed and the pattern is relatively simple. We have innovatively proposed a lexical differences analysis framework and conducted a comparative study between Vietnamese Chinese (VC) and Mandarin Chinese. The framework, based on the synergetic-linguistic model, shows great effectiveness of lexical synergetic system modification and the reasonability of determining the similarity threshold. The comparative results demonstrate distinct differences that lay between VC and Mandarin Chinese through difference measurement.
The authorship of Wily Beguiled
Authors: Ilsemann Hartmut 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The authorship of the anonymous Elizabethan comedy Wily Beguiled could be established with the combined methodologies of the R Stylo program suite on the basis of 110 well-attributed and single-authored reference texts (see Appendix A) and was compared with the findings of the relevant secondary literature using a set of distinctive parameters. The greatest plausibility applied to Rhodes’s and Maxwell’s assumption that an earlier text like that of 1601/02 was reworked by John Marston and Thomas Dekker in the War of the Theatres. Rolling Delta, Rolling Classify, and the General Imposters method were able to find convincing evidence that the earlier text must have been composed by John Lyly who had probably drawn on the early university play Wylie Beguylie (1566/7).
The Many Meanings of Mortal Time
Authors: McQuellon Richard P. , Cowan Michael A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The term mortal time is introduced and defined. It is used to mean the experience of people confronting their prospects when diagnosed with cancer. It does not refer to a particular period but, rather, the unique psychological experience of encountering death. It is Kairos time—that is, the ancient Greek word meaning the time of decisions. Patients and their caregivers encounter the possibility of death as they do other life events—through the looking glass of their own personal story and life experience. The diagnosis and treatment of cancer can shatter a person’s basic assumptions about life and set in motion both adaptive and maladaptive coping. Coping strategies can help a patient make meaning and manage the practical realities of the life-threatening illness of cancer. Although few people welcome the prospect of reflecting about mortality, all people have opportunities to make deep meaning out of the encounter. Entry into mortal time is disturbing and often engenders preoccupation with the prospect of dying. Almost everyone experiences a shocking sense of loss as well as inevitable changes that accompany life-threatening illness. An encounter with mortal time is both a challenge and an invitation to self-discovery and, ultimately, hope in living each moment of life.