bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A community edutainment intervention for gender-based violence, sexual and reproductive health, and maternal and child health in rural Senegal: a process evaluation
Authors: Le Port Agnes , Seye Moustapha , Heckert Jessica , Peterman Amber , Nganya Tchamwa Annick , Dione Malick , Fall Abdou Salam , Hidrobo Melissa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEdutainment aims to spread educational messages in an entertaining way, and often reaches large audiences. While studies increasingly report the impacts of edutainment interventions, there is limited context-specific evidence on the underlying processes and barriers to effective delivery, especially in rural areas. This article presents results from a process evaluation of a community-based edutainment intervention designed to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices on gender-based violence (GBV), sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and maternal and child health. The intervention focused on the television series,C’est la Vie!,screened through biweekly film clubs in rural Senegal and included post-screening discussions and thematic workshops, meant to reinforce messages, increase knowledge, and change social norms. The objectives of this study were to assess intervention adaptation, implementation fidelity, participants’ responsiveness or engagement, and series appropriateness.MethodsThe intervention was implemented from December 2019 to March 2020 in 120 villages in Kaolack and Kolda regions of Senegal, and targeted adolescent girls and young women aged 14 to 34. The process evaluation was carried out in March 2020 in 14 villages using: i) individual semi-structured interviews with implementers (n = 3), village chiefs (n = 8), married women (n = 9), adolescent girls (n = 8), and men (n = 8); ii) focus groups with men (n = 7, 29 participants) and women (n = 10, 100 participants); and iii) observations of screening sessions (n = 4) and post-screening discussions (n = 2). Data were analyzed using thematic and content analysis.ResultsThe results highlight that adaptation of the intervention helped reach the target population and improved participant attendance, but might have compromised fidelity to original design, as intervention components were shortened and modified for rural delivery and some facilitators made ad hoc modifications. The screenings coverage and frequency were adequate; however, their duration was shortened due to COVID-19 restrictions in Senegal. Participant responsiveness was excellent, as was the series appropriateness for most topics, including GBV. SRH remains a sensitive topic for youth, especially when the film clubs included non-peers, such as slightly older women.ConclusionsThis study showed that using film clubs to deliver sensitive edutainment content in rural areas is feasible and has potential for scale-up.
One academic year under COVID-19 conditions: two multicenter cross-sectional evaluation studies among medical students in Bavarian medical schools, Germany students’ needs, difficulties, and concerns about digital teaching and learning
Authors: Holzmann-Littig Christopher , Zerban Nina L. , Storm Clara , Ulhaas Lilian , Pfeiffer Mona , Kotz Alexander , Wijnen-Meijer Marjo , Keil Stephanie , Huber Johanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince March 2020, COVID-19 has created a need for adaptation in many areas of life. This study explores medical students’ perspectives on digital teaching under conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on expectations and concerns about digital teaching, the evaluation of specific aspects of teaching, and requests for future teaching.MethodsSix German faculties have joined forces within the Bavarian network for medical education to develop and deploy a common core questionnaire. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted at the end of the summer semester 2020 and winter semester 2020/21. Medical students from different semesters participated in the online survey. Data was analyzed descriptively and/or inferentially. Item differences across semesters were examined using contingency tables and Chi2tests. Mean values were compared using the independent samples t-test; answer frequencies in retrospective and prospective concerns were compared using contingency tables and Chi2tests with Yates’ correction.ResultsIn the summer semester 2020, 1565 students and in winter semester 2020/21, 1727 students took part in the survey. Students’ main prospective concern was lack of social exchange between fellow students (70%), but also with teachers. Second and third most often concerns were a lack of practical training (68%) and lack of integration of on-site digital teaching (50%). Approximately 7% of the students lacked sufficient access to technical equipment.. Approximately 39% of the students lacked a sufficient internet connection for synchronous digital teaching, 17% for asynchronous digital teaching. On-site teaching was the preferred form of teaching (60%), and there was a preference for asynchronous (24%) over synchronous (15%) digital teaching. Teaching recordings (79%) were particularly popular to complement future on-site teaching.ConclusionsThe following areas of education under COVID-19 conditions are highly important to medical students: adequacy of information sharing, integration of opportunities for exchange with fellow students and teachers, possibility to perform practical trainings. After the normalization of the pandemic situation, on-site teaching should be supplemented with blended learning concepts such as the inverted classroom model.Graphical abstractPercentages of results are rounded averages from summer and winter semesters.
Influence of fermented feed additive on gut morphology, immune status, and microbiota in broilers
Authors: Peng Wentong , Talpur Mir Zulqarnain , Zeng Yuxian , Xie Peipei , Li Jincheng , Wang Songbo , Wang Lina , Zhu Xiaotong , Gao Ping , Jiang Qingyan , Shu Gang , Zhang Haijun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
This study examined the effects of a solid-state fermented feed additive (FFA) on the small intestine histology/morphology, immunity and microbiota of broilers. Two hundred eighty-eight day-old Arbor Acre chicks, were randomly assigned to one of four groups (each group has 6 replicates, with each replicate containing 12 chickens). The negative control (NC; basal diet), the positive control (PC; basal diet +antibiotic 15 ppm), the fermented feed additive low dose (FFL; basal diet + 0.3 kg/t FFA), and the fermented feed additive high dose (FFH; 3 kg/t FFA) with Lactobacillus casei (L.casei).

Results
The study found that the FFH and FFL groups gained more weight (1-21d) and the FFL and PC diets had better feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) than the NC from 0-42d. The FFH group had higher villus height (P < 0.05) in the duodenum than the PC and villus height to crypt depth ratio VH/CD compared to PC and FFL groups. The FFL chickens had greater (P < 0.05) jejunal and ileal villus height than PC and NC groups respectively. The FFL group had a higher ileal VH/CD ratio (P < 0.05). Jejunum VH/CD was higher in FFL and FFH (P < 0.05) than PC (P < 0.05). FFH had a smaller thymus than NC (P < 0.05). FFA diets also increased IL-10 expression (P < 0.05). While IL-1 and TLR4 mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.05) compared to NC. The microbiota analysis showed that the microorganisms that have pathogenic properties such as phylum Delsulfobacterota and class Desulfovibriona and Negativicutes was also significantly reduced in the group treated with FFH and PC while microorganisms having beneficial properties like Lactobacillaceae family, Lactobacillus aviarus genus and Lactobacillus spp were also tended to increase in the FFH and FFL fermented feed groups compared to the PC and NC groups.

Conclusion
These findings suggested that the FFA diet may modulate cecal microbiota by reducing pathogenic microorganisms such as phylum Delsulfobacterota and class Desulfovibriona and Negativicutes improve beneficial microorganisms like Lactobacillaceae family, Lactobacillus aviarus genus and Lactobacillus spp. While FFA diet also affect immunity, and gene expression related to immunity.
Mutations in ALK signaling pathways conferring resistance to ALK inhibitor treatment lead to collateral vulnerabilities in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Berlak Mareike , Tucker Elizabeth , Dorel Mathurin , Winkler Annika , McGearey Aleixandria , Rodriguez-Fos Elias , da Costa Barbara Martins , Barker Karen , Fyle Elicia , Calton Elizabeth , Eising Selma , Ober Kim , Hughes Deborah , Koutroumanidou Eleni , Carter Paul , Stankunaite Reda , Proszek Paula , Jain Neha , Rosswog Carolina , Dorado-Garcia Heathcliff , Molenaar Jan Jasper , Hubank Mike , Barone Giuseppe , Anderson John , Lang Peter , Deubzer Hedwig Elisabeth , Künkele Annette , Fischer Matthias , Eggert Angelika , Kloft Charlotte , Henssen Anton George , Boettcher Michael , Hertwig Falk , Blüthgen Nils , Chesler Louis , Schulte Johannes Hubertus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Development of resistance to targeted therapies has tempered initial optimism that precision oncology would improve poor outcomes for cancer patients. Resistance mechanisms, however, can also confer new resistance-specific vulnerabilities, termed collateral sensitivities. Here we investigated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor resistance in neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer frequently affected by activating ALK alterations.

Methods
Genome-wide forward genetic CRISPR-Cas9 based screens were performed to identify genes associated with ALK inhibitor resistance in neuroblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, the neuroblastoma cell line NBLW-R was rendered resistant by continuous exposure to ALK inhibitors. Genes identified to be associated with ALK inhibitor resistance were further investigated by generating suitable cell line models. In addition, tumor and liquid biopsy samples of four patients with ALK-mutated neuroblastomas before ALK inhibitor treatment and during tumor progression under treatment were genomically profiled.

Results
Both genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9-based screens and preclinical spontaneous ALKi resistance models identified NF1 loss and activating NRASQ61K mutations to confer resistance to chemically diverse ALKi. Moreover, human neuroblastomas recurrently developed de novo loss of NF1 and activating RAS mutations after ALKi treatment, leading to therapy resistance. Pathway-specific perturbations confirmed that NF1 loss and activating RAS mutations lead to RAS-MAPK signaling even in the presence of ALKi. Intriguingly, NF1 loss rendered neuroblastoma cells hypersensitive to MEK inhibition.

Conclusions
Our results provide a clinically relevant mechanistic model of ALKi resistance in neuroblastoma and highlight new clinically actionable collateral sensitivities in resistant cells.
Development assistance for human resources for health, 1990–2020
Authors: Micah Angela E. , Solorio Juan , Stutzman Hayley , Zhao Yingxi , Tsakalos Golsum , Dieleman Joseph L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Investing in the health workforce is key to achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals. However, achieving these Goals requires addressing a projected global shortage of 18 million health workers (mostly in low- and middle-income countries). Within that context, in 2016, the World Health Assembly adopted the WHO Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030. In the Strategy, the role of official development assistance to support the health workforce is an area of interest. The objective of this study is to examine progress on implementing the Global Strategy by updating previous analyses that estimated and examined official development assistance targeted towards human resources for health.

Methods
We leveraged data from IHME’s Development Assistance for Health database, COVID development assistance database and the OECD’s Creditor Reporting System online database. We utilized an updated keyword list to identify the relevant human resources for health-related activities from the project databases. When possible, we also estimated the fraction of human resources for health projects that considered and/or focused on gender as a key factor. We described trends, examined changes in the availability of human resources for health-related development assistance since the adoption of the Global Strategy and compared disease burden and availability of donor resources.

Results
Since 2016, development assistance for human resources for health has increased with a slight dip in 2019. In 2020, fueled by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it reached an all-time high of $4.1 billion, more than double its value in 2016 and a 116.5% increase over 2019. The highest share (42.4%) of support for human resources for health-related activities has been directed towards training. Since the adoption of the Global Strategy, donor resources for health workforce-related activities have on average increased by 13.3% compared to 16.0% from 2000 through 2015. For 47 countries identified by the WHO as having severe workforce shortages, the availability of donor resources remains modest.

Conclusions
Since 2016, donor support for health workforce-related activities has increased. However, there are lingering concerns related to the short-term nature of activities that donor funding supports and its viability for creating sustainable health systems.
Chlorogenic acid exerts neuroprotective effect against hypoxia-ischemia brain injury in neonatal rats by activating Sirt1 to regulate the Nrf2-NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Zheng Yihui , Li Luyao , Chen Binwen , Fang Yu , Lin Wei , Zhang Tianlei , Feng Xiaoli , Tao Xiaoyue , Wu Yiqing , Fu Xiaoqin , Lin Zhenlang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIE) is caused by perinatal asphyxia, which is associated with various confounding factors. Although studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of HIE have matured, sub-hypothermia is the only clinical treatment available for HIE. Previous evidence indicates that chlorogenic acid (CGA) exerts a potential neuroprotective effect on brain injury. However, the role of CGA on neonatal HI brain damage and the exact mechanism remains elusive.
Here, we investigate the effects of CGA on HI models in vivo and in vitro and explore the underlying mechanism.

Methods
In the in vivo experiment, we ligated the left common carotid artery of 7-day-old rats and placed the rats in a hypoxic box for 2 h. We did not ligate the common carotid artery of the pups in the sham group since they did not have hypoxia. Brain atrophy and infarct size were evaluated by Nissl staining, HE staining and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride monohydrate (TTC) staining. Morris Water Maze test (MWM) was used to evaluate neurobehavioral disorders. Western-blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the cell signaling pathway. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content test, catalase (CAT) activity detection and Elisa Assay was used to detect levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. in vitro experiments were performed on isolated primary neurons.

Result
In our study, pretreatment with CGA significantly decreased the infarct volume of neonatal rats after HI, alleviated brain edema, and improved tissue structure in vivo. Moreover, we used the Morris water maze to verify CGA’s effects on enhancing the learning and cognitive ability and helping to maintain the long-term spatial memory after HI injury. However, Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527 partially reversed these therapeutic effects. CGA pretreatment inhibited neuronal apoptosis induced by HI by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. The findings suggest that CGA potentially activates Sirt1 to regulate the Nrf2-NF-κB signaling pathway by forming complexes thereby protecting primary neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) damage. Also, CGA treatment significantly suppresses HI-induced proliferation of glial.

Conclusion
Collectively, this study uncovered the underlying mechanism of CGA on neonatal HI brain damage. CGA holds promise as an effective neuroprotective agent to promote neonatal brain recovery from HI-induced injury.

Graphical Abstract
Immediate implant placement with socket shield technique in the maxilla: a prospective case series evaluation at 1-year follow-up
Authors: Shadid Rola Muhammed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this case series were to investigate the clinical, radiographic, implant success, complication incidence, esthetic, and patient-reported outcomes of 10 immediately placed implants associated with the socket shield technique at 12 months post-loading and to assess the ridge width changes that occurred at 8 months following implant placement.MethodsA total of 10 patients received 10 socket shield immediate implants (MegaGen AnyRidge). At 8 months postimplantation, casts were made to assess the ridge width changes by measuring the ridge width at the implant sites and comparing them with the corresponding measurements at the contralateral tooth site. At 12 months post-loading, clinical indices, marginal bone loss, pink esthetic score, and patient-assessed outcomes were evaluated. The mean, standard deviation and median were calculated for all continuous variables.ResultsAll implants demonstrated a 100% success rate, while 2 implants presented with external shield exposure that was managed successfully. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.08 ± 0.14 mm mesially and 0.21 ± 0.23 mm distally. Esthetic evaluation yielded an average modified pink esthetic score of 8.65. A mean gain of 0.17 mm in the facial-palatal ridge width was recorded at 8 months postimplantation.ConclusionsThe socket shield technique enhanced the functional and esthetic results by preserving the alveolar bone and peri-implant soft tissues. However, this is a sensitive technique and still needs more robust evidence before it can be recommended for everyday clinical practice.
Fluazuron orally administered to guinea pigs: pharmacokinetic and efficacy against Amblyomma sculptum
Authors: Borges Debora Azevedo , Cid Yara Peluso , Magalhães Viviane de Sousa , Alves Melina Cardilo Campos , Ferreira Thais Paes , Bonfim Isabelle Vilela , Lima Emily Andressa Santos , de Freitas Juliana Pereira , Scott Fabio Barbour 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundBrazilian spotted fever (BSF), the most lethal tick-borne disease in the Western Hemisphere, is caused by the bacteriumRickettsia rickettsiiand transmitted by the bite ofAmblyomma sculptum. Capybaras are considered primary hosts of this tick and amplifier hosts ofR. rickettsii, generating new infected lineages ofA. sculptumin BSF-endemic areas. To define a possible treatment regimen for controlling the tickA. sculptumin capybaras, the aim of this study was to establish an effective fluazuron (FLU) dose to controlA. sculptumlarvae in artificially infested guinea pigs.MethodsIn Study I (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis), 24 guinea pigs were divided into four equal groups: control group (CG; untreated) and treated groups receiving FLU administered by gavage in three doses: G1—1 mg/kg, G2—5 mg/kg and G3—10 mg/kg, once a day for 15 days (d0 to d + 14). Blood samples were collected from the animals of the treated groups before and at d + 1, + 2, + 4, + 7, + 15 and + 21. The guinea pigs were artificially infested at d + 7 withA. sculptumlarvae, and specimens were recovered at d + 11 to d + 14 and kept in a climatized chamber for 14 days. In Study II (evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters), one group of eight animals received FLU administered by gavage in a single dose of 10 mg/kg, and blood samples were collected before and on day 0 (8 h after treatment), + 1, + 4, + 7, + 15, + 21 and + 28 after single FLU administration. FLU was analyzed in plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.ResultsFLU plasma concentrations increased quickly, indicating rapid absorption, and decreased slowly. Some larvae from all treated groups exhibited morphological and behavioral changes. FLU interfered in molting, and the efficacy obtained was 100% for all treated groups.ConclusionsThe results offer promising perspectives for the development of a palatable feed cube containing FLU for free-living capybaras to controlA. sculptumand also to prevent BSF in areas where capybaras have been shown to play a primary role.
Seismic data antialiasing interpolation using sparse Radon transform and dynamic mask function
Authors: Shao Jie , Wang Yibo 
Published: June 2022

Interpolation of regularly sampled data with aliasing is important for seismic data processing. However, conventional antialiasing interpolation methods based on a low-frequency constraint may generate inaccurate interpolation results for high-frequency data with severe wrap around. We have developed a sparse Radon transform-based projection onto convex sets interpolation method with a 2D dynamic mask function. The new mask function exploits the frequency and dip information in a 2D domain and can better guide the interpolation of high frequencies with severe wrap around. The implementation of the proposed method includes four steps: (1) perform a forward f-k transform on the input data, extract the unaliased low-frequency low-wavenumber information from it, and perform the inverse f-k transform to obtain the unaliased part of the input data; (2) perform a sparse Radon transform on the unaliased data obtained in step one and apply an exponential threshold to obtain a mask function; (3) perform a sparse Radon transform on the input data, apply the mask function in step two to it, and perform the inverse Radon transform; and (4) reinsert the original traces in the input data. The four steps are repeated until an acceptable result is reached. Numerical examples of synthetic and field data demonstrate that the proposed method is an effective and robust method for aliased seismic data interpolation. The results of the proposed method have higher precision than that of the conventional antialiasing interpolation methods. Data with 80% regularly missing traces are still well interpolated using the proposed method.
Fighting an Empire for the Good of the Empire?
Authors: Brownrigg-Gleeson José 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article traces Irish responses to the crisis of the Hispanic monarchy (1808–25) and the struggle for sovereignty in Spanish America, comparing reactions in Ireland to those of the Irish diasporic community in the United States. It argues that although the Irish were overwhelmingly sympathetic to the cause of the insurgents in Spanish America, their support took different forms and meanings. Whereas contemporaries in Ireland saw the benefits of Spanish American independence for the prosperity and security of the British Empire, Irish radical exiles in New York or Philadelphia viewed the struggle as an opportunity to emphasize the validity of revolutionary and republican principles across the New World. In stressing the relevance of the geopolitical context and of transnational interactions to the development of contradicting imperial and anticolonial views, the article moves beyond prevailing narratives of military involvement and highlights the richness of the Irish experience of the Age of Revolutions.