bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iatrogenic ureteric injury during abdominal or pelvic surgery: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Yanagisawa Takafumi , Mori Keiichiro , Quhal Fahad , Kawada Tatsushi , Mostafaei Hadi , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Rajwa Pawel , Sari Motlagh Reza , Aydh Abdulmajeed , König Frederik , Pallauf Maximilian , Pradere Benjamin , Miki Jun , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the incidence of ureteric injuries, clinical value of prophylactic ureteric stenting and impact of intra‐ or postoperative detection of ureteric injuries in patients treated with gynaecological or colorectal surgery.MethodsMultiple databases were searched for articles published before September 2021 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they evaluated the differences in the rate of ureteric injuries between laparoscopic and open surgery, prophylactic ureteric stenting or not, and those of final treatment success between intra‐ and postoperative detection in patients who underwent gynaecological or colorectal surgery.ResultsOverall, 46 studies were eligible for this meta‐analysis. Compared to open surgery, laparoscopic hysterectomy was associated with a higher incidence of ureteric injuries (pooled odds ratio [OR] 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–2.62), but there was no statistically significant difference in colectomy (pooled OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.77–1.03). Prophylactic ureteric stenting was associated with a lower incidence of ureteric injuries during gynaecological surgery (pooled OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39–0.96). The number needed to perform ureteric stenting to prevent one ureteric injury was 224 in gynaecological surgery. On the other hand, prophylactic ureteric stenting did not reduce the risk of ureteric injuries during colorectal surgery. Intraoperative detection of a ureteric injury was associated with a lower rate of complication management failure compared to postoperative detection (pooled OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12–0.41).ConclusionsLaparoscopic hysterectomy seems to be associated with a higher rate of ureteric injuries compared to an open approach. Prophylactic ureteric stenting seems to reduce this risk during gynaecological surgery. Intraoperative detection of a ureteric injury during abdominal/pelvic surgery improves outcomes, suggesting the need for awareness and proactive problem identification. Further well‐designed studies assessing the candidates who are more likely to benefit from prophylactic ureteric stenting including cost analysis are needed.
Debate: Innovations in mindfulness for young people need to take more account of their unique needs if they are to live up to their potential
Authors: Burrows Leigh 
Published: October 2022

While the current popularity of mindfulness suggests that it will foster various social‐emotional, personal, and academic benefits, current claims for the benefits of mindfulness for children and young people is premature according to Butterfield, Roberts, Feltis, and Kocovski (2020) who argue that ‘despite the media hype and the increase in peer‐reviewed publications the evidence base for mindfulness programs for children is not robust’ (p. 194). A recent report from a large scale mindfulness project conducted by a number of highly experienced mindfulness researchers and involving more than 28,000 young people outlines that: ‘For the most part the young people did not engage with the mindfulness training’ and ‘our results suggested mindfulness training might work for some children and not for others, and under some conditions, but not others’ (https://myriadproject.org/what‐we‐did/). The MYRIAD project carefully tested the effects of a brief mindfulness intervention for early teens and found it to have no impact on preventing mental health problems or promoting well‐being. Researchers in this project found that since the young participants were generally not particularly engaged overall in mindfulness a more engaging accessible and effective format and teaching format and mode of delivery may have been needed. Myriad researchers included students' feedback comments: ‘didn't find it useful’; found it ‘boring’; had ‘no choice’; ‘couldn't do it; didn't do it’. More concerning is their finding of potentially harmful effects leading the researchers to state that: future research and innovations should carefully consider the unique needs and developmental stage of young people (Montero‐Marin et al., 2022, p. 123). I argue in this short ‘debate’ piece that there is a pressing need for more nuanced, broad ranging and creative qualitative research that can help us understand young people's rich subjective experience of mindfulness, why they might not engage in mindfulness and how to better tailor it for their individual needs and contexts.
Effectiveness of the International Child Development Programme: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brekke Idunn , Smith Otto R. F. , Skjønsberg Eia Elena , Holt Tonje , Helland Maren Sand , Aarø Leif Edvard , Røysamb Espen , Røsand Gun‐Mette , Torgersen Leila , Skar Ane‐Marthe Solheim , Aase Heidi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the International Child Development Programme (ICDP), a group‐based parenting programme used internationally and implemented nationally in Norway. We used a cluster randomized controlled trial in which 81 groups were randomly assigned to either the intervention or waitlist control condition after the baseline data collection. A total of 590 parents completed at least one of three questionnaires (administrated before and after ICDP and 4 months after completing the intervention). Primary outcomes included parental self‐efficacy, parental emotion sensitivity and positive involvement with their child. Secondary outcomes included parents' perceptions of their relationship with the child, child‐rearing conflicts and the child's psychosocial health. We found significant effects favouring the intervention arm following the intervention and at follow‐up on two primary outcomes (parental self‐efficacy and emotion sensitivity). For the secondary outcomes, we found a significant reduction in child‐rearing conflict at the 4‐month follow‐up, increased closeness to the child, reduced child internalizing difficulties and increased prosocial behaviour immediately following the intervention. However, ICDP seems to have limited effects on parent‐reported changes in children. We conclude that ICDP as a universal preventive programme offered to parents in groups can be effective in strengthening parental self‐efficacy and improving parental emotion sensitivity.
Socially active volunteering students: The case of student councils
Authors: Halfon Ester 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study examined adolescents' social involvement and volunteerism in their student councils and becoming civically engaged adults. Two‐hundred and two middle‐ and high‐school students active in their councils were asked about their involvement in the student council's activities and their perception of the student council as a framework for volunteerism and social involvement. Findings revealed that middle‐ and high‐school active members had been active already in elementary school and were involved in additional school/community volunteerism projects, and their parents were civically engaged adults. To conclude, the student council is an educational platform that promotes students to develop as socially involved adult citizens.
Picturing safety and danger: Children's perspectives in rural Sierra Leone
Authors: Samonova Elena , Devine Dympna , Smith Aimee , Sugrue Ciaran , Capistrano Daniel , Sloan Seaneen , Symonds Jennifer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe question of dangers and safety in children's lives has become a matter of increasing concern. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion in this field and elaborate on children's experiences of risks and dangers in the context of chronic poverty. Drawing on the post‐humanism approach, we argue that children's conceptions of risks and dangers emerge through their active and mutual exchange with other human and non‐human beings such as rivers, trees, animals and insects, however, these perceptions should be carefully placed within the local socio‐economic context of poverty and social hierarchy.
Active surveillance for PTMC warranted for the UK population?
Authors: Maniam Pavithran , Harding Noah , Li Lucy , Adamson Richard , Hay Ashley , Nixon Ian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing globally due to the increase in detection of subclinical, low volume papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMC) (<1 cm). Several international groups have recommended an active surveillance approach for this low‐risk disease. In contrast to many other countries, the United Kingdom's (UK's) approach to thyroid nodules is to avoid detection of incidental lesions where appropriate.ObjectiveThis study aims to establish the proportion of patients with thyroid cancer in the UK that would benefit from active surveillance.Design, participants, and outcome measuresIndividuals with PTMC in NHS Lothian from 2009–2020 were reviewed from a local thyroid cancer database. The mode of detection of PTMC and proportion of patients who might benefit from active surveillance were established.ResultsFrom 651 individuals with differentiated thyroid cancer managed over 12‐year period, 185 individuals with PTMC were identified (28.4%). The majority of PTMC 151/185 (81.6%) were either diagnosed post‐operatively following thyroidectomy for benign disease or with nodal disease. Only 24 individuals with PTMC were identified following palpable thyroid nodule, incidental finding on imaging, and surveillance screening. Therefore, when the indication for surgery was considered, only 24/651 (3.7%) patients were identified pre‐operatively and would, therefore, be realistic candidates for active surveillance.ConclusionLess than 4% of patients with thyroid cancer in the UK would be appropriate for active surveillance. Rather than developing programmes to deal with this minority of patients, focus should be maintained on minimising detection of these low‐risk cases.
Patch test results in a Dutch paediatric population with suspected contact allergy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Barwari Lizan , Rustemeyer Thomas , Franken Sylvie M. , Ipenburg Norbertus A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in paediatric patients is on the rise. Continuous identification of emerging allergens is of great importance to ensure accurate patch testing.ObjectivesTo assess the frequency and relevance of contact sensitivity in children and adolescents and evaluate changes in sensitization rates in the last decade.MethodsAll patients with suspected ACD who underwent patch testing at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers between 2015 and 2021 were included.ResultsOf 439 patients tested with the European Baseline Series (EBS) and additional series, 334 (76%) patients had at least 1 positive reaction and 172 patients (39%) had 1 or more relevant positive reactions. If additional series would have been omitted, 20% of patients would have been underdiagnosed. Compared to patients tested between 1996 and 2013, reactions to metal allergens, isothiazolinones, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, carba mix, amerchol L‐101, and benzophenone‐4 were more frequently observed.ConclusionsThis study confirms the need for patch testing in paediatric patients suspected of having ACD. For accurate patch testing, it is advised to include additional series.
Factors controlling SOC stability in colluvial soils under contrasting climate and soil weathering conditions
Authors: Zhao Pengzhi , Doetterl Sebastian , Wang Zhengang , Hoyt Alison M. , Wang Enheng , Yu Hanqing , Quijano Laura , Fallu Daniel J. , Brown Antony G. , Six Johan , Van Oost Kristof 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough agricultural colluvial soils are important storage for soil organic carbon (SOC), the mechanisms underlying colluvial (cumulative soils) SOC stability have received little attention so far. In this study, we aim to understand to what extent the main controls on colluvial SOC stability differ from those observed in non‐colluvial soils. Paired soil profiles (non‐colluvial versus colluvial) were collected from five sites which differ in climate, soil geochemical background and cultivation history. Topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (30–50 cm) were analysed for SOC fractions, mineral composition, potential soil respiration and radiocarbon content. Our analysis showed that for non‐colluvial soils, climate, cultivation history and weathering degree have significant effects on potential soil respiration. In contrast, for colluvial soils, the most influential factor for potential soil respiration was the rate of accretion and this was independent of climatic and geochemical context. Furthermore, accretion rates indirectly affected potential soil respiration by interacting with the degree of weathering of deposited soil. This changed the mineral matrix of colluvial soil settings and thereby may enhance soil mineral‐related SOC stabilisation mechanisms. Together, these results suggest that the dominant controls on SOC stability in colluvial soils differ from those in non‐colluvial soils, and the soil accretion rate is the most important control on colluvial SOC stability in agricultural systems.Highlights
The dominant controls on SOC stability in colluvial and non‐colluvial soils were compared.
Climate and mineral weathering predominantly control SOC stability in non‐colluvial soils.
In contrast, the accretion rate is the key factor controlling colluvial SOC stability.
Accretion rate drives the role of mineral weathering in colluvial SOC stability.
Deficit in observational learning in experimental epilepsy
Authors: Doublet Thomas , Ghestem Antoine , Bernard Christophe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndividuals use the observation of a conspecific to learn new behaviors and skills in many species. Whether observational learning is affected in epilepsy is not known. Using the pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy, we assessed learning by observation in a spatial task. The task involves a naive animal observing a demonstrator animal seeking a reward at a specific spatial location. After five observational sessions, the observer is allowed to explore the rewarded space and look for the reward. Although control observer rats succeed in finding the reward when allowed to explore the rewarded space, epileptic animals fail. However, epileptic animals are able to successfully learn the location of the reward through their own experience after several trial sessions. Thus, epileptic animals show a clear deficit in learning by observation. This result may be clinically relevant, in particular in children who strongly rely on observational learning.
A simple methodology for creating and applying replicable, photograph‐accurate coloration to 3D‐printed models for animal behavior studies
Authors: Mesken Jarrod , Beckmann Christa , McDonald Paul G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearchers often use artificial models of animals to elicit and study behavior. Until recently, these models were typically handcrafted; however, 3D‐printing technology has been adopted by researchers looking to create accurate and consistent animal models from scans of living animals, taxidermies, or existing models. While 3D‐printing techniques create models with accurate and repeatable shape and size, applying coloration to these models is still typically achieved with traditional methods, such as painting by hand. These approaches can be time‐consuming and require high levels of artistic skill, creating a barrier to producing realistic models, especially when more than one model or standardized coloration is required. Here, we present a simple workflow to avoid these issues by creating a photograph‐accurate paper “skin” that can be glued onto 3D‐printed animal models to provide surface coloration. We have used this methodology to create avian models for several experiments, and found that it can create highly detailed and standardized models with minimal training and is independent of artistic skill. Additionally, this method allows the files needed to accurately recreate models to be shared digitally with other researchers, further enhancing repeatability in the field.
Genomic analyses point to a low evolutionary potential of prospective source populations for assisted migration in a forest herb
Authors: Van Daele Frederik , Honnay Olivier , De Kort Hanne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate change is increasingly impacting temperate forest ecosystems and many forest herbs might be unable to track the changing climate due to dispersal limitation. Forest herbs with a low adaptive capacity may therefore benefit from conservation strategies that mitigate dispersal limitation and evolutionary constraints, such as assisted migration. However, assisted migration strategies rarely consider evolutionary constraints of potential source populations that may jeopardize their success. In cases where climate adaptation is overshadowed by competing evolutionary processes, assisted migration is unlikely to support adaptation to future climates. Using a combination of population and landscape genomic analyses, we disentangled local adaptation drivers and quantified the adaptability and vulnerability to climate change of the self‐incompatible deciduous forest herb Primula elatior. Southern populations displayed a sharp genetic turnover and a considerable amount of local adaptation under diversifying selection was discovered. However, most of the outlier loci could not be linked to climate variables (71%) and were likely related to other local adaptation drivers, such as photoperiodism. Furthermore, specific adaptations to climate extremes, such as drought stress, could not be detected. This is in line with the typical occurrence of forest herbs in buffered climatic conditions, which can be expected to reduce selection pressures imposed by climate. Finally, populations in the south of the distribution area had increased sensitivity to climate change due to a reduced adaptive capacity and a moderate genetic offset, while central European populations were sensitive due to a high genetic offset. We conclude that assisted migration from southern source populations could bear significant risk due to nonclimatic maladaptation and a low adaptive capacity. Regional admixture and restoration of ecological connectivity to increase the adaptive capacity, and assisted range expansion to suitable habitat in the north might be more appropriate mitigation strategies.
Geospatial insights into the controls of microbialite formation at Laguna Negra, Argentina
Authors: Beeler Scott R. , Gomez Fernando J. , Bradley Alexander S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrobialites provide a record of the interaction of microorganisms with their environment constituting a record of microbial life and environments through geologic time. Our capacity to interpret this record is limited by an incomplete understanding of the microbial, geochemical, and physical processes that influence microbialite formation and morphogenesis. The modern system Laguna Negra in Catamarca Province, Argentina contains microbialites in a zone of carbonate precipitation associated with physico‐chemical gradients and variable microbial community structure, making it an ideal location to study how these processes interact to drive microbialite formation. In this study, we investigated the geospatial relationships between carbonate morphology, geochemistry, and microbial community at the macro‐ (decimeter) to mega‐ (meter) scale by combining high‐resolution imagery with field observations. We mapped the distribution of carbonate morphologies and allochtonously‐derived volcaniclasts and correlated these with sedimentary matrices and geochemical parameters. Our work shows that the macroscale distribution of different carbonate morphologies spatially correlates with microbial mat distributions—a result consistent with previous microscale observations. Specifically, microbialitic carbonate morphologies more commonly occur associated with microbial mats while abiotically derived carbonate morphologies were less commonly associated with microbial mats. Spatial variability in the size and abundance of mineralized structures was also observed, however, the processes controlling this variability remains unclear and likely represent a combination of microbial, geochemical, and physical processes. Likewise, the processes controlling the spatial distribution of microbial mats at Laguna Negra are also unresolved. Our results suggest that in addition to the physical drivers observed in other modern environments, variability in the spatial distribution of microbialites and other carbonate morphologies at the macro‐ to megascale can be controlled by microbial processes. Overall, this study provides insight into the interpretation of microbialite occurrence and distributions in the geologic record and highlights the utility of geospatial statistics to probe the controls of microbialite formation in other environments.
Stronger niche than dispersal effects on α‐ and β‐diversity of stream algae, insects, and fish across latitudes in the United States
Authors: Mruzek Joseph L. , Budnick William R. , Larson Chad A. , Luc Dinh K. , Passy Sophia I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimNiche and dispersal processes influence biodiversity, but their relative importance along latitude is unclear. We predicted that: (a) niche processes would dominate at high latitudes due to increased climatic stress, consistent with the physiological tolerance hypothesis and the Dobzhansky–MacArthur hypothesis and (b) dispersal limitation would prevail at low latitudes due to narrower niches and smaller range sizes, as postulated by the dispersal–ecological specialization trade‐off hypothesis, the latitude–niche breadth hypothesis, and Rapoport's rule.LocationCentral United States.Time period1993–2019.Major taxa studiedStream algae, insects, and fish.MethodsWe examined the relative effects of environment (climate and physicochemistry) versus space on stream biodiversity in seven latitudinal zones, spanning 19 latitudinal degrees. In each zone, species richness (α‐diversity) was analysed with multiple regression and variance partitioning. Compositional dissimilarity (β‐diversity) within zones was assessed with distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) and variance partitioning.ResultsFor α‐diversity, latitudinal variability of niche and dispersal processes conformed to our predictions in all three groups, except for dispersal processes in insects. However, the drivers of β‐diversity did not follow our predictions. The latitude–niche breadth hypothesis and Rapoport's rule were weakly supported only in fish.Main conclusionsThe importance of niche and dispersal processes varied predictably along the latitudinal gradient only for α‐diversity. However, the niche effects were driven mostly by physicochemistry, and the dispersal effects were not always linked with ecological specialization and range size. This suggests that climate‐based biodiversity theories do not have particular relevance for the streams in our study. Niche processes had a greater impact than dispersal processes across species groups and diversity metrics, emphasizing the primary role of the environment.