bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of a Copper Activated Xylanase in Yeast: Differential Properties of C-Tagged or Untagged Recombinant Xylanases
Authors: ELGHARBI Fatma , HLIMA Hajer BEN , HMIDA-SAYARI Aïda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Endo-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), which hydrolyze the backbone structure of β-1,4-xylans, can be used together with laccase (activated by copper) to hydrolyse lignocellulosic and hemicellulosic materials in bioethanol production. A previous study described the cloning of the xylanase gene from Aspergillus niger US368 and obtaining the recombinant His-tagged protein using E. coli expression system. This recombinant xylanase was activated by copper which is a strong inhibitor for xylanases activities. The activation of the enzyme toward copper is due to the 36 extra amino acids provided by the vector pET28a. However, the expression of this xylanase was relatively low and intracellular that limits its potential industrial application. Hence, we aimed to over-express this interesting enzyme using the Pichia pastoris system for use in biofuel production.Results: A copper activated xylanase produced by E. coli BL21 was expressed in Pichia pastoris using the pGAPZαB expression vector. Two recombinant xylanase forms were obtained (Non-C-terminal tagged-His-tagged r-XAn11 and C-terminal tagged-His-tagged r-XAn11). The findings revealed that the two recombinant xylanases displayed different behaviors toward the copper. In the presence of 3 mM Cu2+, the relative activity of the Non-C-terminal tagged-His-tagged r-XAn11 was enhanced by about 52%. However, the xylanase activity of the C-terminal tagged one was strongly inhibited by copper. The Non-C-terminal tagged recombinant enzyme was more thermostable, in the presence of 3 mM Cu2+, than the C-terminal tagged one with a half-life of 10 min at 60 °C. 3D models of the two recombinant forms were constructed. The results showed that the created copper site in the Non-C terminal tagged protein was loosed in the C terminal tagged protein due to the high fluctuation and probably new interactions among the C and N-terminal amino acids.Conclusion: The present work reports the expression and purification of two recombinant xylanases forms (non C-terminal tagged and C-terminal tagged His-tagged r-XAn11).
Atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in a twisted-bilayer optical lattice
Authors: Meng Zengming , Wang Liangwei , Han Wei , Liu Fangde , Wen Kai , Gao Chao , Wang Pengjun , Chin Cheng , zhang Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Observation of strong correlations and superconductivity in twisted-bilayer-graphene have stimulated tremendous interest in fundamental and applied physics. In this system, the superposition of two twisted honeycomb lattices, generating a Moire pattern, is the key to the observed flat electronic bands, slow electron velocity and large density of states. Despite these observations, a full understanding of the emerging superconductivity from the coupled layers and the appearance of a small magic angle remain a hot topic of research. Here, we demonstrate a quantum simulation platform to study superfluids in twisted bilayer lattices based on Bose-Einstein condensates loaded into spin-dependent optical lattices. The lattices are made of two sets of laser beams that independently address atoms in different spin states, which form the synthetic dimension accommodating the two layers. The twisted angle of the two lattices is controlled by the relative angle of the laser beams. We show that atoms in each spin state only feel one set of the lattice and the interlayer coupling can be controlled by microwave coupling between the spin states. Our system allows for flexible control of both the inter- and intralayer couplings. Furthermore we directly observe the spatial Moire pattern and the momentum diffraction, which confirm the presence of atomic superfluid in the bilayer lattices. Our system constitutes a powerful platform to investigate the physics underlying the superconductivity in twisted-bilayer-graphene and to explore other novel quantum phenomena difficult to realize in materials.
Interaction of Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticide Deltamethrin with Human Alpha-2-Macroglobulin: Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Dixit Swati , Ahsan Haseeb , Khan Fahim Halim 
Published: February 2022

Background:Deltamethrin (DLM) is a commercial insecticide of the synthetic pyrethroid family that is used to control disease-causing insects and vectors. When humans are exposed to the fumes or aerosols of DLM, it enters the body via cuticular absorption and reacts with proteins and other biomolecules.Objective:Alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M) is a serum proteinase inhibitor that also carries out receptor- mediated endocytosis of extracellular substances. This study was done to decipher the structural and functional alterations of α2M by DLM.Method:Various spectroscopic techniques, including UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, binding studies, and molecular docking, were used to characterize the interaction of DLM with α2M. The affinity constant was calculated from the Stern-Volmer equation using fluorescence data.Results:The UV-Vis and fluorescence spectral studies indicated the formation of a complex between α2M and DLM. Thermodynamically, the interaction was found to be spontaneous with ΔG = -4.23 kcal/mol. CD spectra suggested a change in the secondary structure of the protein from β to α helical content with increasing concentration of DLM. The molecular docking study by Autodock Vina established the interaction of DLM with Glu-926, Ala-1103, Ala-1108, Val-1116, Asn-1159, Glu-1220, Leu-1261, Thr-1272, Ile-1390, Pro-1391, Lys-1393, Val-1396, Lys-1397, Thr-1408, Glu-1409, Val-1410, Ser-1411, Ser-1412, and Asn-1413 with an improved docking score of -6.191 kcal/mol. The binding was carried out in the vicinity of the receptor-binding domain at the C-terminal of α2M.Conclusion:The decrease in the functional activity and structural changes of protein after binding with DLM has a significant effect on human α2M. The information may be useful for exploring the role of DLM in a clinical chemistry laboratory.
Comparative Study to Characterise the Pharmaceutical Potential of
Synthesised Snake Venom Bradykinin-Potentiating Peptides In Vivo
Authors: Munawar Aisha , Zaman Fakhar , Ishaq Muhammad Waqas , Hassan Khwaja Ali , Masood Saima , Ali Zahid , Abdul Majeed Khalid , Akrem Ahmed , Ali Syed Abid , Betzel Christian 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) are snake venom peptides
inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE plays an important role
in the regulation of blood pressure. BPPs lead to the development of ACE inhibitors for
the treatment of hypertension.

Objective:
The objective of the present work was to carry out a comprehensive comparative
study of four synthesised snake venom BPPs in vivo.

Method:
Four synthesised snake venom BPPs were administered to rats via the intraperitoneal
route for 15 days at a fixed dose. Lisinopril was used as a comparative standard.
Thirty male albino rats were divided into six groups: A, B, C, D, E (lisinopril), and F
(control). Group F was maintained as the control group and given only saline. After 15
days, blood samples and tissues were removed for the study of selective biochemical parameters
and histomorphometric analysis. Statistical evaluation of all results was also performed.

Results:
The results indicated that peptide I, with the sequence ZSAPGNEAIPP, was
highly toxic and adversely affected all the biochemical and histological parameters
studied in this work. Peptide II (ZNWPHPQIPP) and peptide IV (ZQWAQGRAPHPP)
showed lower toxicity. None of the BPPs raised the serum creatinine level and exhibited
nephroprotective effects. Although lisinopril raised the creatinine level, it showed a protective
role towards the pancreas and lungs in parallel.

Conclusion:
The present work shows that although there is a high sequence similarity between
the four BPPs, their in vivo activity varies. The sequences of peptide II and peptide
IV can be used to improve the design of current ACE inhibitors used for hypertension
treatment.
Alamandine Induces Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke Models
Authors: Gonçalves Sthéfanie C.A. , Bassi Beatriz L.T. , Kangussu Lucas M. , Alves Daniele T. , Ramos Lorena K.S. , Fernandes Lorena F. , Alves Marco T.R. , Sinisterra Ruben , Bruch Gisele E. , Santos Robson A.S. , Massensini André R. , Campagnole-Santos Maria J. 
Published: February 2022

Background and Objective:
Stroke, a leading cause of mortality and disability,
characterized by neuronal death, can be induced by a reduction or interruption of blood
flow. In this study, the role of Alamandine, a new peptide of the renin-angiotensin system,
was evaluated in in-vitro and in-vivo brain ischemia models.

Method:
In the in-vitro model, hippocampal slices from male C57/Bl6 mice were placed
in a glucose-free aCSF solution and bubbled with 95% N2 and 5% CO2 to mimic brain ischemia.
An Alamandine concentration-response curve was generated to evaluate cell
damage, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and cell death. In the in-vivo model, cerebral ischemia/
reperfusion was induced by bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries
(BCCAo-untreated) in SD rats. An intracerebroventricular injection of Alamandine was
given 20–30 min before BCCAo. Animals were subjected to neurological tests 24 h and
72 h after BCCAo. Cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and immunofluorescence
were assessed in the brain 72 h after BCCAo.

Results:
Alamandine was able to protect brain slices from cellular damage, excitotoxicity
and cell death. When the Alamandine receptor was blocked, protective effects were lost.
ICV injection of Alamandine attenuated neurological deficits of animals subjected to
BCCAo and reduced the number of apoptotic neurons/cells. Furthermore, Alamandine induced
anti-inflammatory effects in BCCAo animals as shown by reductions in TNFα, IL-
1β, IL-6, and antioxidant effects through attenuation of the decreased SOD, catalase, and
GSH activities in the brain.

Conclusion:
This study showed, for the first time, a neuroprotective role for Alamandine
in different ischemic stroke models.
Application of Enzymes in Dairy Processing Industry: A Review
Authors: Kumar Akash , Jangra Aarzoo , Pramanik Jhilam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Enzymes are proteins and bio-catalysts. They are responsible for initiating a specific
response to a specific outcome. In the dairy industry, numerous enzymes are used, such as rennet
and proteolytic enzymes. These enzymes are used for the coagulation and ripening of cheese.
Enzymes are also used to increase the nutritional value of dairy products to alleviate the state of
malnutrition. This review paper converges on the utilization of different enzymes in the dairy
processing industry.
Review: HCN Channels in the Heart
Authors: Tytgat Jan , Depuydt Anne-Sophie , Peigneur Steve 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Pacemaker cells are the basis of rhythm in the heart. Cardiovascular diseases, and in
particular, arrhythmias are a leading cause of hospital admissions and have been implicated as a
cause of sudden death. The prevalence of people with arrhythmias will increase in the next years
due to an increase in the ageing population and risk factors. The current therapies are limited, have
a lot of side effects, and thus, are not ideal. Pacemaker channels, also called hyperpolarizationactivated
cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, are the molecular correlate of the hyperpolarization-
activated current, called Ih (from hyperpolarization) or If (from funny), that contribute crucially
to the pacemaker activity in cardiac nodal cells and impulse generation and transmission in neurons.
HCN channels have emerged as interesting targets for the development of drugs, in particular,
to lower the heart rate. Nonetheless, their pharmacology is still rather poorly explored in comparison
to many other voltage-gated ion channels or ligand-gated ion channels. Ivabradine is the
first and currently the only clinically approved compound that specifically targets HCN channels.
The therapeutic indication of ivabradine is the symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris
in patients with coronary artery disease with a normal sinus rhythm. Several other pharmacological
agents have been shown to exert an effect on heart rate, although this effect is not always
desired. This review is focused on the pacemaking process taking place in the heart and summarizes
the current knowledge on HCN channels.
A Simplified Direct O2 Consumption-Based Assay to Test COX Inhibition
Authors: Scilimati Antonio , Perrone Maria Grazia , Miciaccia Morena , Ferorelli Savina 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Cyclooxygenase is a well-known oxidoreductase that catalyzes the uptake of
two moles of O2 by arachidonic acid (AA), producing the hydroperoxide Prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), then
reduced to the prostaglandin precursor Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). O2 consumption during such reactions
is a measure of cyclooxygenase activity. O2 involved is generally measured by indirect methods, accomplished
in the presence of the substrate AA and/or inhibitors.

Methods:
We developed a new simplified and easy to be carried out protocol for O2 consumption measurement
by using disrupted HEK293-derived adherent cells, stably transfected either with COX-1 or
COX-2 genes, as a source of the COX enzymes. The Clark electrode is used to measure the O2 concentration
variation during the enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Results and Discussion:
The novel assay was validated by determining the IC50 values of the known
inhibitors such as indomethacin, ibuprofen, SC560, and celecoxib. Indomethacin and ibuprofen are two
traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs). SC560 is a commercially available reference
compound used for COX-1 inhibition investigations. Celecoxib is a clinically used COXIBs. The
assay was also applied to measure the kinetics and IC50 of mofezolac and P6. Mofezolac is the most potent
selective COX-1 inhibitor, and active principle ingredient of Disopain® used to treat rheumatoid arthritis
in Japan. P6, uncovered by us, is used together with mofezolac as a reference in in vitro and in
vivo COX inhibition investigations and as a scaffold for structure-inhibition activity relationship studies.

Conclusion:
The obtained results showed the suitability of the newly developed assay to measure COXs
activity in the presence of inhibitors as well as the kinetics of the inhibition (i.e., Vmax and Km).
3D Bio-printing For Skin Tissue Regeneration: Hopes and Hurdles
Authors: Aavani Farzaneh , Biazar Esmaeil , Kheilnezhad Bahareh , Amjad Fatemeh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
For many years, discovering the appropriate methods for the treatment of skin irritation has
been challenging for specialists and researchers. Bio-printing can be extensively applied to address the
demand for proper skin substitutes to improve skin damage. Nowadays, to make more effective biomimicry
of natural skin, many research teams have developed cell-seeded bio-inks for bioprinting of skin
substitutes. These loaded cells can be single or co-cultured in these structures. The present review gives a
comprehensive overview of the methods, substantial parameters of skin bioprinting, examples of in vitro
and in vivo studies, and current advances and challenges in skin tissue engineering.
Artocarpus Altilis (Breadfruit) could Reverse Myocardial Infarction
Through the Normalization of the Oxygen Haemoglobin Dissociation
Curve
Authors: Nwokocha Chukwuemeka , Thomas Jemesha , Anderson Tanya , James-Green Tameika , Nwokocha Magdalene , Palacios Javier , Pepple Dagogo 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
The study was performed to assess if hematological mechanisms such as
blood flow modulation, P50 and Oxygen haemoglobin dissociation are involved in Artocarpus
altilis leaf extract amelioration of Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Damage in rats.

Methods:
Twenty (20) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups.
Group 1 served as the control, group 3 and 5 received 50 and 100 mg/kg Artocarpus altilis water
extract, respectively, after being induced with Isoproterenol twice (85 mg/ kg) at a 24-hour period.
Group 2 received 85 mg/kg isoproterenol only, while group 4 received 50 mg/kg Artocarpus altilis
extract only for 6 days. The Hematological parameters were assessed using an automatic Coulter
Counter, blood flow was assessed with the CODA machine using the tail cuff method, while blood
viscosity was measured at native hematocrit and the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curves were
assessed with the BioProfiler and Hemox Analyzer at the end of seven days.

Results:
Artocarpus altilis treatment ameliorated the ISO induced increases in viscosity, increased
the ISO induced decreased blood flow and influenced oxygen release through its effects on the P50
of the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve, AA treatment also reversed the ISO induced weight
loss. Apart from the changes in MCH, MCV, there were no significant differences in hematological
parameters.

Conclusion:
This study reported the effects of Artocarpus atilis on the improvement of oxygen
availability, the reduction of blood viscosity, and the improvement of blood flow through its influence
on endothelial functions and NO availability. Our study further highlights The usefulness of
A.atilis, as having a beneficial cardiovascular and haematological outcome in experimental myocardial
infarction and as such, potential drug discovery for diseases of cardiovascular & hematological
involvement.
In silico Design, Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of Some Metal
Complexes Derived from Salicylaldehyde and Amino Acid
Authors: Jambulingam Munusamy , Thangadurai Subramaniam Ananda , Vijayabaskaran Manickam 
Published: February 2022

Background:
A new series of copper (II), cobalt (II), zinc (II), manganese (II), and iron (II) metal complexes were synthesized by the condensation of a novel Schiff base with various metal chlorides in ethanol. Schiff base was synthesized by reacting salicylaldehyde with L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine dissolved in ethanol, respectively

Methods:
The structures of all the synthesized metal complexes (4a-e, 7a-e) were investigated using elemental analysis, FT-IR,1H NMR,13C NMR and MS spectral data. The metal complexes were also screened for their anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-tubercular activities against various tested strains.

Results:
Assessment of in silico ADMET properties of all metal complexes showed to be in accordance with Lipinski’s rule of five. Further enzymatic assay was aided by a molecular docking study of Enoyl CoA reductase (INHA) using Autodock Vina and evaluated by Autodock 4.0.

Conclusion:
The metal complexes, 4b,4c, 4d,7b and 7d, containing metals, like Zn, Co, and Fe, exhibited good anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-tubercular activities against the tested strains.
Hemispherical Surface Defect Classification of Valve Core with a Noval Semi-supervised Learning
Authors: Hao Leiheng , Wu Xuncheng , Li Chuanchang , Zhang Weiwei 
Published: February 2022

Background:
In the industrial manufacturing process, manually labeling enough datasets is
time-consuming, which hinders the training and deployment of defect detection models. Therefore, automatic
defect detection and its classification is the premise of industrial production quality.

Objectives:
The study mainly discusses about the detection of the Hemispherical Surface of the valve
core by machine vision method.

Methods:
The paper put forward a novel semi-supervised algorithm to detect the Hemispherical Surface
of the Valve Core. Under the condition of the lack of labeled datasets, the paper used labeled and unlabeled
samples for model training. This thesis proposed, for the first time, using the Mean Teacher semisupervised
learning framework and then making changes to the model; firstly, this paper proposed to
use the Stochastic Weight Average (SWA) algorithm to update the weight of the teaching model to enhance
this model’s generalization ability. Furthermore, in order to select reliable datasets and calculate
the consistency loss, this study also proposed an Uncertainty Filter (UF) method. Thirdly, the selection
of hard-ware equipment, since the hemispherical surface is anisotropic, ring light source is used, which
can lit the surface from top to bottom.

Results:
Experimental results show that in two different conditions, the classification accuracy can
raise. On one hand, under the condition of training with a small amount of labeled datasets, the proposed
semi-supervised learning model can achieve a classification accuracy of 90.51%; whereas, under
the condition of the semi-supervised learning mechanism and a large amount of unlabeled datasets, the
accuracy increases from 93.7% to 98.1%.

Conclusion:
This paper uses hemispherical metal surface as the dataset for the first time, and also innovatively
optimizes the semi-supervised model. On the other hand, experimental comparative analysis
indicates that the model proposed in this paper is significantly better than the comparison model, which
lays the basic position for the defect detection of the hemispherical surface’s metal. At the same time,
the novel semi-supervised algorithm can also be used to detect other metal part’s hemispherical surfaces.
Paying 3P salaries for lecturers of public universities in Vietnam
Authors: Tung Phuong Huu 
Published: February 2022

Applying the 3P salary formula and evaluating job performance according to KPIs in salary payment is a popular tool in the world and in Vietnam applied by many organizations in paying employees. In order to attract talents and retain them, public higher education institutions in Vietnam need to consult and apply the 3P salary formula and evaluate job performance according to KPIs to pay lecturers. 3P salary is a remuneration model for employees based on a combination of salary payment according to 3 basic factors: job position, personal capacity and work results. KPI is a system of measuring and evaluating work performance expressed through numbers, ratios, and quantitative indicators, in order to reflect the performance of an organization, a functional department or an individual. From there, the organization can apply the 3P salary formula and evaluate job performance according to KPIs to pay salaries and bonuses in accordance with the job position and motivate employees in the organization.