bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric treatment of mentally ill persons in custody – legal, medical and ethical issues
Authors: Jengic V. Sendula , Bujan A. Jengic 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe most recent legal regulations in the Republic of Croatia govern the process of criminal procedure for persons in pre-trial detention who have a temporary mental disturbance for which psychiatric treatment is needed. The Prison Director is in this case obliged to seek psychiatric treatment for such persons who are then hospitalized in a psychiatric institution instead of a prison hospital or prison that meets the requirements prescribed by law for the accommodation of pre-trial detainees. Forensic departments of the five psychiatric hospitals in Croatia accept mentally incapable persons subject to court order, but not persons in custody, i.e. in pre-trial detention. Pre-trial detention is a measure imposed in the previous proceedings to ensure that the person to whom the measure is imposed is present during the pre-trial stage and the hearing stage, i.e. after the final judgment has been rendered until it becomes final. According to Croatian laws, a person who has been sentenced to pre-trial detention and who has mental disorders is entitled to a range of rights that must be respected, and at the same time, there are strict restrictions in exercising those same rights for the reason of sentencing to pre-trial detention.ObjectivesThe article points to several problems that have arisen in practice due to the under-regulation of pre-trial detention measures.MethodsPerspective, opinion, and commentary article.ResultsPerspective, opinion, and commentary article.ConclusionsThe authors discuss legal, medical, and ethical issues, but also the financial framework of such a process.
Changes in BMI and blood pressure after implementing a complete smoking ban in a medium secure forensic setting: A study from dundrum hospital dublin
Authors: Roarty A. , Kennedy H. , Davoren M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn February 2020, the Central Mental Hospital Dundrum moved to a complete ban on cigarette smoking. Concerns were raised that this might represent a ‘restrictive practice’ and that patients might gain weight or see changes in their blood pressure if they were not permitted to smoke.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to ascertain if there were changes in the blood pressure readings or body mass index of a group of patients in a secure forensic hospital after the implementation of a complete campus-wide smoking banMethodsAll patients (n=20) working with one medium cluster team were included in the study. Demographic details and data pertaining to legal status, diagnosis and length of stay in the hospital were obtained. BMI, blood pressure and medications were reviewed at the time of introduction of the smoking ban, 1st February 2020 and again 5 months later.ResultsAll those included in the study were male. The median age was 35 years, most common diagnosis was schizophrenia and mean length of stay was 4.23 years. 20% of patients were prescribed anti-hypertensives at the time of introduction of the smoking ban. All of the patients on anti-hypertensives were overweight. At follow up there was no increase in BMI noted in the patient group. Two patients had dose reductions in anti-hypertensives, three had discontinuation of bronchodilators.ConclusionsIntroducing a campus wide smoking ban in a secure forensic psychiatric hospital is both clinically positive and practically possible. There was no noted increase in incidents in the hospital during this period.
Systematic review of economic evaluation studies in psychiatric pharmacogenomics
Authors: Mitropoulou C. , Karamperis K. , Koromina M. , Papantoniou P. , Skokou M. , Kanellakis F. , Mitropoulos K. , Vozikis A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionNowadays, many relevant gene-drug associations have been discovered, but pharmacogenomics (PGx)-guided treatment needs to be cost-effective as well as clinically beneficial to be incorporated into standard health-care.ObjectivesTo address current challenges, this systematic review provides an update regarding previously published studies, which assessed the cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics testing for the prescription of antidepressants and antipsychotics.MethodsOur initial screening revealed 1159 articles, which was subsequently reduced to 32 articles, deducted by analysis of their abstract. Full-text analysis performed by all authors resulted in 18 papers that were further included in the analysis.ResultsOf the 18 studies evaluations, 16 studies (88.89%) drew conclusions in favor of PGx testing, of which 9 (50%) were cost-effective and 7 (38.9%) were less costly based on cost analysis. In brief, we found sufficient evidence on the cost-effectiveness of PGx in psychiatric disease care. More precisely, supportive evidence exists for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 gene-drug associations and for combinatorial PGx panels, but evidence is limited for many other drug–gene combinations. Amongst the limitations of the field are the unclear explanation of perspective and cost inputs in many economic studies, as well as the underreporting of study design elements, which can influence significantly the economic evaluations.ConclusionsOverall, this systematic review highlights the need for additional research on economic evaluations of PGx implementation with an emphasis on psychiatric pharmacogenomics.
Mitochondrial ATP production is impaired in neural stem/progenitor cells derived from olfactory neuroepithelium of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Idotta C. , Tibaldi E. , Favaretto N. , Pagano M. , Peruzzo R. , Pigato G. , Cazzador D. , Meneguzzo P. , Solmi M. , Leanza L. , Favaro A. , Brunati A.M. , Toffanin T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionNeural stem/progenitor cells derived from olfactory neuroepithelium (hereafter OE-NS/PCs) are emerging as a viable proxy and a valuable tool for translational studies on severe mental illnesses (SMI). In this respect, the use of OE-NS/PCs as a surrogate cellular model of schizophrenia (SZ) has enabled insights into cell signaling and cell cycle dynamics in this disease.ObjectivesWe explored whether mitochondrial dysfunction, which has been already associated with SZ, may have a role in the altered proliferation pattern previously observed in OE-NS/PCs of SZ patients.MethodsOE-NS/PCs were collected from 20 patients and 20 healthy controls (Hcs) by nasal brushing, cultured in proper medium and expanded. Fresh OE-NS/PCs at passage 3 of both groups underwent BrdU proliferation assays or were frozen for later use. Mitochondrial ATP production was measured in both fresh and thawed OE-NS/PCs by using the ATPlite Luminescence Assay kit.ResultsFresh OE-NS/PCs of patients grew at a higher rate than those of HCs (M-W U=0; p<0.001), whereas the proliferation of thawed OE-NS/PCs of both groups exhibited an opposed pattern (at passage 6, p=0.002). Mitochondrial ATP production was significantly lower in OE-NS/PCs of patients than in those of HCs (M-W U=0; p=0.02), regardless of freeze-thaw conditions (M-W U=6; p=0.77).ConclusionsMitochondrial ATP production is negatively affected in OE-NS/PCs of SZ patients as compared to those of HCs. This evidence does not differ in fresh OE-NS/PCs and OE-NS/PCs undergoing freeze-thaw cycles, which instead perturb the proliferation pattern of SZ OE-NS/PCs.
Drug-induced metabolic syndrome hasn’t associations with 5-HT receptor genes polymorphisms in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Paderina D. , Pozhidaev I. , Bocharova A. , Kornetova E. , Boiko A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMetabolic disturbances are common in patients maintained on neuroleptics. These abnormalities significantly increase the physical comorbidity and mortality rates due to cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that 5-HT receptor genes polymorphisms have associations with drug-induced metabolic syndrome development in schizophrenic patients.ObjectivesTo investigate the role of polymorphic variants of serotonin receptors genes in the development of antipsychotic-induced metabolic syndrome.Methods467 patients with schizophrenia receiving long-term antipsychotic therapy were investigated. The mean age was 40.0±11.6 years. The standard phenol-chloroform method for DNA isolation was used. Genotyping was carried out on eight SNP’s of genes HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR3A and HTR2C with the MassARRAY® Analyzer 4 (Agena Bioscience™) using the set SEQUENOM Consumables iPLEX Gold 96 on the base The Core Facility “Medical Genomics”, Tomsk NRMC.ResultsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 26.1%. In the study sample, there were significantly more women with metabolic syndrome (56.6%) than men (43.4%) (p=0.002). The majority of patients with metabolic disturbances were aged >40 years (62.3%), versus 40.9% in the group without metabolic disorders (p<0.001). The duration of the disease was statistically significantly higher in the group of patients with metabolic syndrome (p=0.003). We did not find statistically significant associations of polymorphic variants of the studied genes with the development of the drug-induced metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsOur results do not demonstrate any significant association between allelic variants of serotonin receptor genes and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Supported by Grant of RSF 19-75-10012.
Intellectual disability and antipsychotics
Authors: Iñiguez I. Cuevas , Lietor M.D.C. Molina 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIntellectual disability is a condition of cognitive impairment and deficit in adaptive skills. Mental illness is frequent in people with intellectual disability. As a result antipsychotics are often prescribed to treat not only mental illness but also problem behaviors.ObjectivesPerform a literature search about intellectual disability and antipsychotics.MethodsA non-systematic literature review was performed on PubMed using the keywords “intellectual disability” and “antipsychotics”. All papers published between 2015 and 2020 were evaluated.ResultsA review of the literature reveals that antipsychotics are the most frequently prescribed psychotropic drugs in people with intellectual disability. However, results from the studies are ambiguous. Several studies showed that antipsychotics are effective in improving problem behaviours, nevertheless some recent studies showed no significant difference in the outcomes between antipsychotics and placeboConclusionsEven though antipsychotics are prescribed in people with intellectual disability, evidence to support their use is lacking. In consequence, clinicians should consider the pharmacological approach as a part of an integrative treatment. Assessing adverse events, drug effects and the possibility of decreasing dose of antipsychotics is crucial.
The effect of exercise on the cognitive and physical function of patients with dementia
Authors: Papatsimpas V. , Vrouva S. , Bakalidou D. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDementia is characterized by a decrease in mental functions, while disorders of balance, coordination of movements and gait are gradually added. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the role of exercise as a therapeutic strategy for people with dementia.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of exercise and its parameters on cognitive and physical function in patients with dementia after reviewing the relevant literature.MethodsReview of the literature based on the research of original scientific articles published in the electronic databases PubMed / Medline and Google scholar using as keywords the terms dementia, cognitive function, physical function, functionality, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise.ResultsA review in the literature highlights the beneficial effect of exercise on patients with dementia. Aerobic exercise and mixed interventions have been studied more, while resistance interventions have been less studied. All three types of exercise have shown positive effects. The methodology differences of the studies make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the optimal intervention in the cognitive and physical function for the optimal result, the type of exercise, the duration, the frequency and the intensity.ConclusionsExercise (physical) may help maintain or improve cognitive function and functionality in patients with dementia but additional study is needed to clarify optimal intervention and establish guidelines.
Setting up a clinical psychology service for reception department with consultative care
Authors: Semenova N. , Shport S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere is a plenty of literature on providing psychological services for psychiatry inpatients and outpatients. Seeing a psychiatrist for the first time can be stressful.ObjectivesThis paper will identify challenges in setting up a clinical psychology service for consultees seen in Reception Department with consultative and primary specialized health care. ‘Clinical psychology service’ is a project in Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry providing services within the Reception Department setting. A need to address mental ill health issues (getting a diagnosis and treatment plan) within the broader psychosocial needs of consultees has been identified.MethodsClinical psychology established a brief intervention ‘service’ for consultees. Issues of establishing trust within this population suggested the need to provide a ‘named’ male or female psychologist. The psychologist accompanied psychiatric consultants’ recommendations to familiarize a consultee of the availability of the service. Evaluation of the service, including uptake, client satisfaction, and outcome, is ongoing using quantitative and qualitative methods. Data is presented on key themes identified in providing psychological services to consultees.ResultsKey themes identified included: 1. Service development: establishing trust, ensuring confidentiality, close between consultants working, flexibility, crisis management, safety, establish links with other agencies; 2. Complex psychological and social needs: mental health issues, trauma, substance misuse, domestic and sexual violence.ConclusionsConsultees present with a range of complex psychosocial needs. While this population may have reservations about accessing ‘standard’ mental health services, a flexible psychology service working in close liaison with psychiatric consultants may be effective in addressing these needs.
Prevalence and risk factors of compulsory admissions in athens region: Are there any differences between psychiatric and general hospitals?
Authors: Peppou L.E. , Drakonakis N. , Stylianidis S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionConcerns have been raised about Europe facing a reinstitutionalization process. Thus, research and policy interest in prevalence and determinants of involuntary hospitalizations has recently rekindled. In Greece, heightened rates of compulsory admissions have been partly ascribed to the incomplete psychiatric reform. Psychiatric hospitals remain the mainstay of inpatient care, as opposed to the more community-oriented psychiatric departments of general hospitals.ObjectivesTo investigate differences between a psychiatric and a general hospital with respect to rates and determinants of involuntary hospitalizations in Athens.MethodsAll admissions in one psychiatric and one general hospital between May – September 2020 were considered. Information about patients’ socio-demographic characteristics and mental health status was garnered through clinical records and patient and physician interviews. Symptom severity was assessed with the Health of Nations Outcome Scale and diagnosis was assigned in accordance with the ICD-10 criteria.ResultsA total of 600 admissions were analysed. In the general hospital, 52.5% of admissions were involuntary, as opposed to 63.1% in the psychiatric hospital (OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.43 – 0.97). In the general hospital, the sole risk factor for compulsory admission was aggression (OR= 3.23, 95%CI = 1.24-8.4). Interestingly, in the psychiatric hospital, sex, age, nationality, education, diagnosis and the severity of symptoms tapped by HoNOS were not found to predict involuntary status.ConclusionsIn psychiatric hospitals, no patient subgroups appear to be at elevated risk of civil detention. Therefore, further research is warranted as to what drives the decision there.
Psychosocial risks and the occurrence of work-related accidents
Authors: Rmadi N. , Kotti N. , Masmoudi R. , Dhouib F. , Loukil K. , Hammami K. Jmal , Masmoudi M. Larbi , Masmoudi J. , Hajjeji M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPsychosocial risks (PSR) represent a new scourge of risks at work. The direct links between these risks and occupational accidents (OA) are not well documented, but some work restraints such as time pressure are common factors for both stress and accidents.ObjectivesTo establish a relationship between different PSR perceived by health staff and the occurrence of OA.MethodsCross-sectional study conducted among staff working at Habib Bourguiba Hospital in Sfax from 1st January to 31 March 2015. The evaluation of mental health was performed by using the validated French version of questionnaire KARASEK.ResultsThe study involved 326 care staff (115 men and 211 women). The average age was 36 years old. The participants were mainly nurses (30.6%) and trainee physicians (35.6%). Blood exposure accidents were predominant (66.1% of cases) and were associated with high psychological demands at work with OR = 2.539 (95% CI [1.037 - 6.219]). Health care workers had a high psychological demand in 85.3% and a low latitude in 78.8% of cases. According to the Karasek model, tense employees accounted for 68.7% and assets 16.6%. OAs occurring during care were associated with night work and working in the emergency and resuscitation department (OR = 5,772 (95% CI [1,227-27,146] and OR = 5,778 (95% CI [1,702 -19,619]) respectively).ConclusionsThe prevention of OA goes through the management of PSR, which remains a major concern for health and safety workers at work via the application of preventive strategies based on in-depth analysis of work situations.
The effects of illness perceptions on their medication attitudes among patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Syu J.-Y. , Lin E.C.-L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAntipsychotics are the primary treatment for patients with schizophrenia. However, medication non- adherence rate of schizophrenia patients is high. Illness perceptions have been identified as critical indicators to influence patients’ medication adherence and treatment process. Knowledge remains unclear about the effects of illness perceptions on medication attitudes among patients with schizophrenia.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of illness perceptions on medication attitudes among patients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in a regional teaching hospital in southern Taiwan with a convenience sample of 200 patients with schizophrenia recruited. Two self-reported scales, Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ - R) and Drug Attitude Index - 10 (DAI - 10), were used to assess patients’ illness perceptions and medication attitudes. Positive illness perceptions mean patients believe their illness acute, noncyclical, fewer consequences and emotional representation. And have more personal control, treatment control, and illness coherence.ResultsPatients’ illness perceptions were negative, with a little illness identity. Most of them believed that illness is more chronic and cyclical, causing negative consequences, lower self-control, and negative emotional expression. However, they thought treatment is moderately helpful for illness control, and the treatment effect is moderate. Multiple regression analysis showed that positive illness perceptions and negatively emotional representation could predict better medication attitudes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that psychiatric mental health professionals could assess the illness perceptions of schizophrenia patients to influence their medication attitudes. Moreover, developing evidence-based interventions to improve their positive illness perceptions and decrease negative illness perceptions is needed.
Assessment of knowledge of mental illness in a non-clinical population of tunisian students
Authors: Abassi B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionStigma, including beliefs about mental illness, can operate in different cultures in different ways, making Western theoretical bases considered “universal” on the stigmatization of theories not applicable to non-Western cultures; hence the need for international studies on this subject.ObjectivesThis work aimed to assess knowledge of mental illness, available treatments and recovery in a non-clinical sample of Tunisian university students.MethodsIn a cross-sectional descriptive study from October 1 to November 30, 2019, we evaluated 714 students from 3 Tunisian public universities using the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule scale (MAKS).ResultsWe found that 34.2% of students did not agree that drugs can be an effective treatment for people with mental health issues, while 76.4% agreed on the effectiveness of psychotherapy. In addition, 34.3% did not consider drug addiction as a mental illness and 21.9% did not consider depression as a mental illness. We objectified a significant correlation of the MAKS score with gender (p=0.019), living environment (p=0.001), high academic level of father (p=0.000) and mother (p=0.027) and presence of personal psychiatric history (p=0.013).ConclusionsAwareness and information campaigns aimed at developing the general public’s knowledge of the scientific, medical and psychosocial causes of mental illness and the means of management should be established.
The efficiency of self-regulation training program for coping with distant work stress under COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Kuznetsova A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionUnder COVID-19 lockdown, mostly all organizations in non-productive sphere had to implement distant work forms. The personnel obligatory and rapidly switched to unknown work conditions and faced new stressors: COVID-19 fears, unstable internet connections, tensed communications, permanent noise, work hours extension. In order to cope with increased daily stress, the new version of self-regulation training program (Leonova, Kuznetsova, 2019) was implemented in distant format in order to train people: to evaluate the impact of distant work stressors; to measure stress manifestations during work hours; to choose self-regulation skills, effective for distant stress reduction.ObjectivesIn order to verify the distant training program, the empirical study was conducted, targeted to estimate effectiveness of self-regulation means during COVID-19 pandemic period.MethodsThe program included progressive relaxation exercises as means for anxiety reduction and negative emotions control, and autogenic exercises for achievement an optimal for different work situations mental state. The empirical data were obtained by diagnostic methods for self-assessment of the main distant stress manifestations: anxiety and high fatigue (Spielberger, 1994, Leonova, 2012).ResultsThe program verification was conducted in employees of municipal administration offices (n = 214). The empirical data revealed high effectiveness of relaxation and autogenic means in decrease of anxiety (t=8,64; p<0,001) and fatigue (t=9,18; p<0,001).ConclusionsThe first variant of distant program could be recommended for stress-management under pandemic lockdown. At the same time, advanced evaluating procedures are necessary to measure the coping effect of such programs, and to prove stress-reduction capacities of specialized distant training modules.