bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recapitulating dynamic ECM ligand presentation at biomaterial interfaces: Molecular strategies and biomedical prospects
Authors: He Wenbo , Wang Qinghe , Tian Xiaohua , Pan Guoqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) provides not only physical support for the tissue structural integrity, but also dynamic biochemical cues capable of regulating diverse cell behaviors and functions. Biomaterial surfaces with dynamic ligand presentation are capable of mimicking the dynamic biochemical cues of ECM, showing ECM‐like functions to modulate cell behaviors. This review paper described an overview of present dynamic biomaterial interfaces by focusing on currently developed molecular strategies for dynamic ligand presentation. The paradigmatic examples for each strategy were separately discussed. In addition, the regulation of some typical cell behaviors on these dynamic biointerfaces including cell adhesion, macrophage polarization, and stem cell differentiation, and their potential applications in pathogenic cell isolation, single cell analysis, and tissue engineering are highlighted. We hope it would not only clarify a clear background of this field, but also inspire to exploit novel molecular strategies and more applications to match the increasing demand of manipulating complex cellular processes in biomedicine.
Development of energy‐rich protein bars and in vitro determination of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory antihypertensive activities
Authors: Jabeen Sidra , Javed Faiqa , Hettiarachchy Navam S. , Sahar Amna , Sameen Aysha , Khan Moazzam Rafiq , Siddeeg Azhari , Riaz Ayesha , Aadil Rana Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThree energy‐rich protein (ERP) bars were prepared to meet the daily recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for the protein of Pakistani athletes. The bars were developed using dates, cheddar cheese (CC), whey protein isolate (WPI), roasted chickpea flour, and rice flour in different proportions. Bar #1 contained 64 g dates, 16 g dried apricots, 12 g WPI, and 8 g ripened CC. Bar #2 contained the same proportion of these ingredients with an addition of 12.5 g roasted chickpea flour, while bar #3 contained 6.25 g roasted rice and 6.25 g roasted chickpea flour. All the ingredients were homogeneously mixed into paste to form bars weighing 100–110 g per serving size. These bars were studied for the compositional analysis (moisture, protein, and lipid content), protein characterization through sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and in vitro determination of the angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE‐I) antihypertensive activity. Moisture and lipid content in bars were 22% and 0.057%–0.313%, respectively, while protein, fiber, and ash contents varied from 22.3% to 23.6%, 6.66 to 5.81, and 2.12% to 2.44%, respectively. The minimum energy content was recorded (272.70 Kcal/100 g) in bar #1 while bar #3 showed the highest energy content 274.65 Kcal/110 g with the addition of (5%) roasted chickpea and rice flour, respectively. Electrophoresis analysis of proteins in bar # 1 (cheese +WPI) showed the four bands at 62, 24, 20, and 12 kDa. Bar #2 (10% roasted chickpea flour) showed some additional bands at 40, 36, 34, and 28 kDa while relatively lower antihypertensive activity than bars #1 and 3. The study revealed that adding 10% roasted chickpea flour (bar #2) increased the protein content and diversity in proteins. It provided 40% proteins to athletes and could be helpful to meet their R.D.A. by consuming two bars/day.
Automatic detection of neuromelanin and iron in the midbrain nuclei using a magnetic resonance imaging‐based brain template
Authors: Jin Zhijia , Wang Ying , Jokar Mojtaba , Li Yan , Cheng Zenghui , Liu Yu , Tang Rongbiao , Shi Xiaofeng , Zhang Youmin , Min Jihua , Liu Fangtao , He Naying , Yan Fuhua , Haacke Ewart Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractParkinson disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by early loss of neuromelanin (NM) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and increased iron deposition in the substantia nigra (SN). Degeneration of the SN presents as a 50 to 70% loss of pigmented neurons in the ventral lateral tier of the SNpc at the onset of symptoms. Also, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), iron deposition and volume changes of the red nucleus (RN), and subthalamic nucleus (STN) have been reported to be associated with disease status and rate of progression. Further, the STN serves as an important target for deep brain stimulation treatment in advanced PD patients. Therefore, an accurate in‐vivo delineation of the SN, its subregions and other midbrain structures such as the RN and STN could be useful to better study iron and NM changes in PD. Our goal was to use an MRI template to create an automatic midbrain deep gray matter nuclei segmentation approach based on iron and NM contrast derived from a single, multiecho magnetization transfer contrast gradient echo (MTC‐GRE) imaging sequence. The short echo TE = 7.5 ms data from a 3D MTC‐GRE sequence was used to find the NM‐rich region, while the second echo TE = 15 ms was used to calculate the quantitative susceptibility map for 87 healthy subjects (mean age ± SD: 63.4 ± 6.2 years old, range: 45–81 years). From these data, we created both NM and iron templates and calculated the boundaries of each midbrain nucleus in template space, mapped these boundaries back to the original space and then fine‐tuned the boundaries in the original space using a dynamic programming algorithm to match the details of each individual's NM and iron features. A dual mapping approach was used to improve the performance of the morphological mapping of the midbrain of any given individual to the template space. A threshold approach was used in the NM‐rich region and susceptibility maps to optimize the DICE similarity coefficients and the volume ratios. The results for the NM of the SN as well as the iron containing SN, STN, and RN all indicate a strong agreement with manually drawn structures. The DICE similarity coefficients and volume ratios for these structures were 0.85, 0.87, 0.75, and 0.92 and 0.93, 0.95, 0.89, 1.05, respectively, before applying any threshold on the data. Using this fully automatic template‐based deep gray matter mapping approach, it is possible to accurately measure the tissue properties such as volumes, iron content, and NM content of the midbrain nuclei.
A Dual‐Filtration System for Single‐Cell Sequencing of Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters in HCC
Authors: Chen Vincent L. , Huang Qianhui , Harouaka Ramdane , Du Yuheng , Lok Anna S. , Parikh Neehar D. , Garmire Lana X. , Wicha Max S. 
Published: January 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Identification and sequencing of circulating tumor (CT) cells and clusters may allow for noninvasive molecular characterization of HCC, which is an unmet need, as many patients with HCC do not undergo biopsy. We evaluated CT cells and clusters, collected using a dual‐filtration system in patients with HCC. We collected and filtered whole blood from patients with HCC and selected individual CT cells and clusters with a micropipette. Reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction, and library preparation were performed using a SmartSeq2 protocol, followed by single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on an Illumina MiSeq V3 platform. Of the 8 patients recruited, 6 had identifiable CT cells or clusters. Median age was 64 years old; 7 of 8 were male; and 7 of 8 had and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C. We performed scRNAseq of 38 CT cells and 33 clusters from these patients. These CT cells and clusters formed two distinct groups. Group 1 had significantly higher expression than group 2 of markers associated with epithelial phenotypes (CDH1 [Cadherin 1], EPCAM [epithelial cell adhesion molecule], ASGR2 [asialoglycoprotein receptor 2], and KRT8 [Keratin 8]), epithelial–mesenchymal transition (VIM [Vimentin]), and stemness (PROM1 [CD133], POU5F1 [POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1], NOTCH1, STAT3 [signal transducer and activator of transcription 3]) (P < 0.05 for all). Patients with identifiable group 1 cells or clusters had poorer prognosis than those without them (median overall survival 39 vs. 384 days; P = 0.048 by log‐rank test). Conclusion: A simple dual‐filtration system allows for isolation and sequencing of CT cells and clusters in HCC and may identify cells expressing candidate genes known to be involved in cancer biology. Presence of CT cells/clusters expressing candidate genes is associated with poorer prognosis in advanced‐stage HCC.
Transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: The consequences for patients and healthcare systems, a healthcare professional survey
Authors: Caseby Sophie Clare Laura , Woodhouse Fern Amy , Montgomery Stephen Maxwell , Kroes Michel Anton , Duddy Martin Edward 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsTransition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) from relapsing‐remitting MS (RRMS) is an expected part of the disease trajectory for most patients. However, the transition is challenging to identify due to the gradual nature of progression, and the complications of superimposed relapses, comorbidities, and natural variability in symptoms. This healthcare professional (HCP) survey sought to characterize the transition to and management of SPMS in UK clinical practice.MethodsTelephone interviews with 20 neurologists and MS specialist nurses from England and Scotland gathered quantitative and qualitative responses. Numerical analyses and theoretical thematic methods were used to identify key emerging themes.ResultsThe burden SPMS imposes on patients and caregivers was a major theme; discharge from specialist services is common, leading to a sense of abandonment. Respondents acknowledged substantial hesitancy toward identifying SPMS, predominantly due to restricted options of licensed and reimbursed disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) for SPMS compared with RRMS. Currently, HCPs continue DMTs under a label of RRMS, even after recognition of progression. This survey identified MS to be unusual in comparison with other disease areas in that reimbursement guidelines have a direct impact on clinicians' decisions around disease staging. Respondents suggested reimbursed DMTs proven to slow disability progression in SPMS will create a step‐change in identifying SPMS, providing rationale to acknowledge progression earlier while removing key obstacles to identification. To aid this change, respondents identified a need for SPMS‐specific diagnostic guidance, despite substantial divergence in implementation of current guidance.ConclusionsIn contrast to the current heterogeneity, a more structured and standardized approach to the identification of SPMS, along with guidelines on treatment, will ensure patients can maximally benefit as treatment options for SPMS evolve.
Mental health literacy screening of students in Hispanic Serving Institutions
Authors: Kalkbrenner Michael T. , Neukrug Edward S. , Esquivel Luis E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStudents attending Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) have unique mental health needs. Despite the efficacy of mental health literacy (MHL) for supporting college student mental health, MHL research at HSIs is lacking. In a series of three studies, we found support for the psychometric properties of two MHL‐based screening tools with a large sample (N = 846) of HSI students: The Revised Fit, Stigma, and Value (FSV) Scale, which appraises barriers to counseling, and the Mental Distress Response Scale (MDRS), which measures responses to encountering a peer in mental distress. Results also supported a structural model that revealed Fit and Value as significant predictors of HSI students’ positive responses to a peer in mental distress. Finally, we identified demographic subpopulations of HSI students that were especially vulnerable to barriers to counseling. The potential usefulness of the Revised FSV Scale and MDRS for enhancing MHL screening at HSIs is discussed.
Pilot CEOs and management earnings forecasts
Authors: Gao Li , Shi Yuan , Xu Hongkang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study examines the association between pilot CEOs and management earnings forecasts. We find that firms with pilot CEOs are associated with a lower likelihood of issuing voluntary earnings forecasts, suggesting that pilot CEOs are less likely to release private information through earnings forecast. We further investigate the association between pilot CEOs and management forecast characteristics such as forecast accuracy, bias, and precision. Our empirical results reveal that firms with a pilot CEO offer more accurate and more conservative forecasts than firms with a non‐pilot CEO. This evidence is consistent with our argument that pilot CEOs establish superior situation awareness talents and develop conservative predicting attitudes from their flying experience. Overall, our study sheds light on how CEO's off‐the‐job experience affects management earnings forecast behavior.
Authentication of the therapeutic Lamiaceae taxa by using pollen traits observed under scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Bahadur Saraj , Taj Sehrish , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Gul Saba , Shuaib Muhammad , Butt Maryam Akram , Hanif Uzma , Nizamani Mir Muhammad , Hussain Fida , Romman Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerbal medicines are gaining popularity worldwide for human healthcare because of their therapeutic potential. However, adulteration and use of unauthentic raw herbals as substitutes have become a major issue for the local communities and industry for reasons of safety and efficacy. Therefore, the authentication of medicinal plants before their use in herbal medicines is a need of time. Hence, the present study was designed with an aim, to authenticate the therapeutic Lamiaceous taxa by using pollen traits observed under scanning electron microscopy. Pollen micro‐morphological studies solve the problem through discrimination and correct identification of the Lamiaceae species from the adulterants. Based on pollen features, Lamiaceae were further divided into two sub‐families Lamioideae (tricolpate) and Nepetoideae (hexa‐colpate). The pollen grains of Lamioideae were found as small to medium‐sized, tricolpate, radially/bilateral symmetrical, sub‐spheroidal and oblate shape. Besides, exine patterns bireticulate, reticulate and micro‐reticulate, colpus surface sculpturing as psilate, gemmate, scabrate, and verrucate have also been reported. A significant variation was found in the pattern of the reticulum, thickness, and the number of secondary lumina per primary lumen. Similarly, Nepetoideae has a hexa zono‐colpate pollen but tri and tetra zono‐colpate pollen have also been observed. Hence, this study contributes to the authentication and correct identification of medicinally important Lamiaceae taxa by using scanning electron microscopic techniques and can help to solve the adulteration problem.Highlights
Authentication of medicinally important Lamiceous taxa was carried out through scanning electron microscopic techniques.
Chemotaxonomic characterization was used for the accurate identification of the therapeutic taxa.
The medicinal, palynological and phytochemical significance of Lamiaceae taxa were evaluated.
A significant variation was seen in the palynological traits that help in the determination and authentication of the therapeutic Lamiaceous species.
Based on the chemotaxonomic characterization, our study can help to solve the adulteration problem for the reason of safety and efficacy.
Effects of the enhanced public health intervention during the COVID‐19 epidemic on respiratory and gastrointestinal infectious diseases in China
Authors: Wang Lan , Guo Xiangyu , Zhao Na , Ouyang Yanyan , Du Binghui , Xu Wangli , Chan Ta‐Chien , Jiang Hui , Liu Shelan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe public health interventions to mitigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) could also potentially reduce the global activity of influenza. However, this strategy's impact on other common infectious diseases is unknown. We collected data of 10 respiratory infectious (RI) diseases, influenza‐like illnesses (ILIs), and seven gastrointestinal infectious (GI) diseases during 2015–2020 in China and applied two proportional tests to check the differences in the yearly incidence and mortality, and case‐fatality rates (CFRs) over the years 2015–2020. The results showed that the overall RI activity decreased by 7.47%, from 181.64 in 2015–2019 to 168.08 per 100 000 in 2020 (p < 0.001); however, the incidence of influenza was seen to have a 16.08% escalation (p < 0.001). In contrast, the average weekly ILI percentage and positive influenza virus rate decreased by 6.25% and 61.94%, respectively, in 2020 compared to the previous 5 years (all p < 0.001). The overall incidence of GI decreased by 45.28%, from 253.73 in 2015–2019 to 138.84 in 2020 per 100 000 (p < 0.001), and with the greatest decline seen in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) (64.66%; p < 0.001). The mortality and CFRs from RI increased by 128.49% and 146.95%, respectively, in 2020, compared to 2015–2019 (p < 0.001). However, the mortality rates and CFRs of seven GI decreased by 70.56% and 46.12%, respectively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, China's COVID‐19 elimination/containment strategy is very effective in reducing the incidence rates of RI and GI, and ILI activity, as well as the mortality and CFRs of GI diseases.
Animal models of impaired long bone healing and tissue engineering‐ and cell‐based in vivo interventions
Authors: Hixon Katherine R. , Miller Anna N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBone healing after injury typically follows a systematic process and occurs spontaneously under appropriate physiological conditions. However, impaired long bone healing is still quite common and may require surgical intervention. Various complications can result in different forms of impaired bone healing including nonunion, critical‐size defects, or stress fractures. While a nonunion may occur due to impaired biological signaling and/or mechanical instability, a critical‐size defect exhibits extensive bone loss that will not spontaneously heal. Comparatively, a stress fracture occurs from repetitive forces and results in a non‐healing crack or break in the bone. Clinical standards of treatment vary between these bone defects due to their pathological differences. The use of appropriate animal models for modeling healing defects is critical to improve current treatment methods and develop novel rescue therapies. This review provides an overview of these clinical bone healing impairments and current animal models available to study the defects in vivo. The techniques used to create these models are compared, along with the outcomes, to clarify limitations and future objectives. Finally, rescue techniques focused on tissue engineering and cell‐based therapies currently applied in animal models are specifically discussed to analyze their ability to initiate healing at the defect site, providing information regarding potential future therapies. In summary, this review focuses on the current animal models of nonunion, critical‐size defects, and stress fractures, as well as interventions that have been tested in vivo to provide an overview of the clinical potential and future directions for improving bone healing.
Biome‐microbiome interactions in peri‐implantitis: A pilot investigation
Authors: Ganesan Sukirth M. , Dabdoub Shareef M. , Nagaraja Haikady N. , Mariotti Angelo J. , Ludden Christopher W. , Kumar Purnima S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDental implants replace missing teeth in at least 100 million people, yet over one million implants fail every year due to peri‐implantitis, a bacterially induced inflammatory disease. Our ability to treat peri‐implantitis is hampered by a paucity of information on host‐microbiome interactions that underlie the disease. Here, we present the first open‐ended characterization of transcriptional events at the mucosal‐microbial interface in the peri‐implant crevice.MethodsWe simultaneously sequenced microbial and human mRNA from five pairs of healthy and diseased implants from the same patient and used graph theoretics to examine correlations between microbial and host gene expression in the peri‐implant crevice.ResultsWe identified a transcriptionally active peri‐implant microbiome surrounding healthy implants. Microbial genes encoding phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, cysteine, methionine, arginine, proline, and histidine metabolism correlated to human genes encoding cell development, metabolism, morphogenesis, adhesion, gap junctions, cell‐cell signaling, and immunoinflammatory pathways, suggesting a role for commensals in protecting epithelial integrity. In disease, we found 4‐ to 200‐fold upregulation in microbial genes encoding biofilm thickness, heme transport and utilization, and Gram‐negative cell membrane synthesis. These genes correlated with mucosal zinc finger proteins, apoptosis, membrane transport, inflammation, and cell‐cell communication.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of a small sample size, our data suggest that microbial dysbiosis in the peri‐implant sulcus might promote abandonment of host‐bacterial transactions that dictate health and instead drive a move towards chronic programming of a non‐healing wound.
Perceived organizational support and well‐being of tour guides: The mediating effects of quality of work life
Authors: Demirdelen Alrawadieh Derya , Alrawadieh Zaid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe reciprocity norm theory suggests that individuals develop a sense of obligation and indebtedness to reciprocate the favorable treatment they receive. Rooted in the notion of reciprocity norm, organizational support is regarded as essential for organizations to maintain long‐term relationships with their employees. Despite an established academic discussion on organizational support and its outcomes in behavioral and applied psychology research, a comprehensive understanding of its role in enhancing employees' well‐being is surprisingly limited in the field of tourism. Drawing on the organizational support theory and theoretical conceptualizations on well‐being, the present study proposes a conceptual model linking perceived organizational support (POS) with quality of work life, life satisfaction, and burnout. Using data from 301 tour guides, the results show that POS enhances tour guides' quality of work life and reduces their levels of burnout. The findings also show that while POS does not have a direct effect on life satisfaction, this effect emerges mediated by the quality of work life. As predicted, quality of work life was found as a key antecedent of life satisfaction. The current study highlights the role of POS in enhancing the well‐being of tour guides and shows how well‐being at the workplace is associated with well‐being in life.