bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid screening for 315 drugs in food and biological matrices by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and its application to a specific incident
Authors: Guo Qiaozhen , Yang Yi , Zhang Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractComprehensive screening of harmful chemical drugs in food is an essential analytical tool in the investigation of food poisoning. Meanwhile, determining harmful chemical drugs in biological matrices is a supplement to support the screening results in food. In this study, we developed a screening method for 315 harmful chemical drugs in food and biological matrices based on ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. The food and gastric juice sample was extracted by 1.0% formic acid acetonitrile and acetonitrile, respectively, and cleaned up by a C18 sorbent. Urine and serum were directly extracted by 1.0 % formic acid acetonitrile. Then the data was acquired and screened for drugs using a self‐built library. The recovery, accuracy, and limit of quantitation for methodology were investigated. The method was validated by other three laboratories in different areas in China using different mass spectrometric techniques. For screening, the coefficient of variation of the retention times was below 5%. The recoveries for the drugs in nine matrices were 70–120%. At last, the developed method was applied to a real incident, demonstrating its suitability for the sensitive and fast screening of harmful chemical drugs in food and biological samples.
Keratoacanthoma‐like squamous cell carcinoma successfully treated by the surgery combined with ALA‐PDT
Authors: Shi Jingjuan , Yan Jia , Yang Yutong , Huang Jianhua , Wu Minfeng , Wang Xiuli , Wang Hongwei , Shi Lei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKeratoacanthoma‐like squamous cell carcinoma (KA‐like SCC) is a malignant classification of KA. We report here a case of surgical combined with 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) to treat KA‐like SCC in an elderly male with successful tumor removal. The tumor resection was performed before ALA‐PDT. One week later, the lesion site was further treated with 20% ALA for 3 h when it was unknown whether the tumor was resected entirely or not. The irradiation was performed with a 633 nm light‐emitting diode lamp at 100 mW/cm2 for 200 J/cm2 after wiping off the ALA cream. Two sessions of ALA‐PDT were performed at a 2 weeks interval. One month after ALA‐PDT, the surgical trace of the lesion was found to have disappeared entirely, with a little scab, and the cancer did not recur. After 1 year of follow‐up, there was no recurrence. The combination with surgery and ALA‐PDT may provide a new idea for the treatment of KA‐like SCC for a wide range of patients.
The triple differential vulnerability of female entrepreneurs to climate risk insub‐SaharanAfrica: Gendered barriers and enablers to private sector adaptation
Authors: Gannon Kate Elizabeth , Castellano Elena , Eskander Shaikh , Agol Dorice , Diop Mamadou , Conway Declan , Sprout Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ability of businesses to adapt effectively to climate change is highly influenced by the external business enabling environment. Constraints to adaptive capacity are experienced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) across sub‐Saharan Africa, regardless of the gender of the business owner. However, gender is a critical social cleavage through which differences in adaptive capacity manifest and in Africa most entrepreneurs are women. We conduct a systematic review to synthesize existing knowledge on differential vulnerability of female entrepreneurs in Africa to climate risk, in relation to their sensitivity to extreme climate events and their adaptive capacity. We synthesize this literature using a vulnerability analysis approach that situates vulnerability and adaptive capacity within the context of the wider climate risk framework denoted in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. In doing so, we identify gendered barriers and enablers to private sector adaptation and suggest women entrepreneurs face a “triple differential vulnerability” to climate change, wherein they: (1) are often more sensitive to climate risk, as a result of their concentration in certain sectors and types of enterprises (e.g., micro SMEs in the agricultural sector in remote regions); (2) face additional barriers to adaptation in the business environment, including access to finance, technologies, (climate and adaptation) information and supportive policies; and (3) are also often concurrently on the frontline of managing climate risk at household levels. Since various forms of inequality often create compounding experiences of discrimination and vulnerability, we pay particular attention to how factors of differential vulnerability intersect, amplify, and reproduce.This article is categorized under:Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of DevelopmentVulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
A general overview and comparative interpretation on element‐specific X‐ray spectroscopy techniques:XPS,XAS,andXRS
Authors: Ketenoglu Didem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractX‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X‐ray Raman scattering (XRS) spectroscopy are the element‐specific tools providing local electronic and chemical structure insights. XPS is widely used for qualitative/quantitative surface analysis of solids and replaced by synchrotron‐based ambient pressure‐XPS and hard‐XPS to benefit from the advantages of near‐ambient pressures and hard X‐rays to study complex sample environments. XAS is a well‐established soft and hard X‐ray probe to examine the coordination, spin and oxidation states in solids, liquids and gases with high resolutions and short data acquisition time. XRS, using the hard X‐rays of ~10 keV, is preferred to conventional XAS and XPS in the study of soft X‐ray absorption edges such as C, O, Li K‐edges bulk‐sensitively in vacuum‐free medium for energy storage systems during working operations, inner Earth elements under realistic conditions, probing chemical and biological reactions in the liquid phase, C speciation in archeological and paleontological samples and direct tomography. In this study, first the basics of XPS, XAS, and XRS techniques with their advantages and limitations are introduced to provide a general overview. In the Results and Discussion, the particular emphasis is given to the comparison of XPS, XAS, and XRS with the interpretation of the spectroscopic signatures for organic carbonate‐based electrolytes. The computed C 1 s binding energy shifts for ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC) are presented to discuss the XPS peak assignments and the performed C K‐edge XRS measurements of 1 M LiPF6in DMC and EC are given for a detailed discussion of the XRS spectra. C 1 s XPS, C K‐edge XAS, and XRS of PC from the literature are discussed to interpret the spectra of each technique comparatively.
The First IMU: Triumph and Demise
Authors: Schappacher Norbert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe foundation of the IAA was discussed in Section 1.3.2. Its structural peculiarities were highlighted by remarks made by one of its architects, the physicist Arthur Schuster, Fellow of the Royal Society. The upshot was that, as an international science consortium, the IAA was somehow suspended in mid-air between nations and disciplines because the member Academies each had their own international network of corresponding fellows, independently of their being part of the IAA, and each one of them tried to represent all disciplines as well as possible. And yet, taken together, these Academies did not count among their individual members all the relevant researchers, even for some of the most prestigious international projects.
Russian-Chinese Military-Technological Cooperation and the Ukrainian Factor
Authors: Kirchberger Sarah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractArms transfers are an important indicator of the level of strategic trust between countries. During the past 70 years, relations between China and the Soviet Union/Russia have gone through phases that were characterized by dramatically different levels of military-industrial cooperation. This paper explores how the fallout from the Crimea crisis of 2014 has impacted the Russian-Chinese arms trade relationship against the backdrop of a history where Russia aimed to restrict arms transfers to China. It argues that the sanctions imposed on China after the Tiananmen massacre in 1989 and on Russia since early 2014 have had the combined unintended consequence of incentivizing closer Russian-Chinese arms-industrial cooperation than had ever existed before. Western ambiguity toward Ukraine after 2014 furthermore provided China with opportunities to profit from openings in Ukraine’s arms-industrial complex. The chapter starts with a historical overview of the Russian-Chinese arms trade relationship before analyzing the impact of Russian and Ukrainian transfers on China’s military modernization before and after 2014. The final part discusses how changed incentives since 2014 have fostered unprecedented Sino-Russian arms-industrial cooperation. This could solidify the developing Chinese-Russian military relationship and eventually lead toward a more equal relationship in joint arms development.
“Threatening Livelihoods”: Nordic Enemy Images of Peddlers from the Russian Empire
Authors: Wassholm Johanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores Nordic press portrayals of four mobile groups from the multi-ethnic Russian Empire in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: “Rucksack Russians,” Eastern Jews, Tatars and Novgorodian saw grinders. Building on articles and short paragraphs in Swedish and Finnish periodicals, the article illustrates the ways in which these mobile groups were depicted as a threat, and the economic, moral, and political motives behind such expressions. The chapter discloses an aspect of reality that mobile Russians seeking a livelihood in the Nordics faced, as well as the mechanisms through which enemy images were created. The complaints mainly represented voices beyond the traders and their customers. They primarily emanated from local merchants, who viewed the peddlers as unfair competitors, authorities who sought to maintain order and offer security, and political actors.
Unruly and Submissive Marketgoers: Peasants Practicing Trade and Forming Markets
Authors: Östman Ann-Catrin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUsing the digitalized Finnish Historical Newspaper Library, this chapter explores informal nineteenth-century market gatherings in Western Finland. Historically, the marketplace had been a traditional trading space, where dealers operated from humble premises and according to customary rules. When economic regulations were liberalized in the middle of the nineteenth century in Finland, market trade—a vernacular form of commerce—was increasingly viewed as disruptive and immoral, as well as old-fashioned and unnecessary. According to older traditions and regulations, however, peasants and other marketgoers continued to gather in the marketplace in several towns. Influenced by Michel de Certeau’s understanding of practices, this chapter discusses on the complex relationships between regulations, practices, cultural environment, and social hierarchies.
“The Whole World Had the Sound of the Barrel Organ”: Representations of Fairs in Finnish Newspapers and Fiction from the 1870s to the 1910s
Authors: Kuismin Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe chapter investigates representations of popular amusements in Finnish newspapers, periodicals, and fiction from the 1870s to the 1910s. Besides the merry-go-rounds, panoramas and exhibitions of exotic animals attracting crowds from the countryside, the entertainers included sellers of broadside ballads. While the latter type of trade was predominantly in the hands of Finnish-speaking men, the barrel organ grinders came from other ethnic backgrounds. The focus of this chapter is on depictions of sellers of songs and on the ways in which they were seen by people who bought their commodities. The period has been called “the golden age of broadside ballads”, during which the culture of creating, selling, and consuming (singing, reading) these texts belonged to the unschooled common people, while the educated writers repeatedly attacked these activities.
The use of single-stapling techniques reduces anastomotic complications in minimal-invasive rectal surgery
Authors: Brunner Maximilian , Zu’bi Alaa , Weber Klaus , Denz Axel , Langheinrich Melanie , Kersting Stephan , Weber Georg F. , Grützmann Robert , Krautz Christian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Leakage of rectal anastomoses is one of the most important and feared complications in colorectal surgery. Apart from patient-specific risk factors, technical aspects may influence the occurrence of anastomotic complications. This study investigated whether using single-stapling techniques (SST) instead of the double-stapling technique (DST) for minimal-invasive rectal anastomosis is associated with a lower rate of anastomotic complications.

Methods
A retrospective review of 272 patients who received a minimally invasive stapled rectal anastomosis (3–16 cm from the anal verge) at our institution from 2015 to 2020 was performed. In 131 patients, rectal anastomosis was created by SST (SST group), while 141 patients received a rectal anastomosis with crossing stapler lines (DST group). The impact of the anastomotic technique on patient outcomes was determined by uni- and multivariate analyses.

Results
Overall anastomotic leakage rate was 6%. Patients with SST anastomoses had a lower leakage rate than patients with DST anastomoses (3% vs. 9% in the DST group, p = 0.045). The rate of anastomotic stenosis was lower in the SST group than in the DST group (1% vs. 6%, p = 0.037). Overall morbidity and mortality did not differ between the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that single-stapling techniques significantly reduce the risk of anastomotic leakage (OR 3.5 [1.0–11.5], p = 0.043).

Conclusion
The use of SST for rectal anastomosis may help to reduce anastomotic complications. This finding should be confirmed by a randomized controlled trial.
Hypofraktionierte Strahlentherapie – ein modernisierter Klassiker
Authors: Merten R. , Christiansen H. , Ivanyi P. , Lafos M. , von Klot C.-A. J. , Knöchelmann A. C. 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Nutzung unterschiedlicher Fraktionierungskonzepte in der Strahlentherapie ist seit über 100 Jahren Gegenstand der präklinischen und klinischen Forschung. Als Hypofraktionierung bezeichnet man dabei die Nutzung höherer Einzeldosen als 2,0 Gy bei insgesamt niedrigerer Gesamtdosis, was bei gleicher biologischer Effektivität die Behandlungszeit verkürzt. Inzwischen sind insbesondere für die definitive Strahlentherapie des Prostatakarzinoms, für die adjuvante Strahlentherapie des Mammakarzinoms und Glioblastoms und für die palliative Bestrahlung von Metastasen multimodale Konzepte unter Einbeziehung hypofraktionierter Bestrahlungskonzepte fest etabliert und deren Langzeitverträglichkeit in der Literatur gut dokumentiert. Einige Therapiekonzepte sind bereits in der klinischen Routine angekommen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die häufigsten und neueren Indikationen der zumeist moderat (in der Regel bis 3,0 Gy Einzeldosis) hypofraktionierten Strahlentherapie und Radiochemotherapie.
Lipocalin-2 negatively regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition through matrix metalloprotease-2 downregulation in gastric cancer
Authors: Nishimura Sadaaki , Yamamoto Yurie , Sugimoto Atsushi , Kushiyama Shuhei , Togano Shingo , Kuroda Kenji , Okuno Tomohisa , Kasashima Hiroaki , Ohira Masaichi , Maeda Kiyoshi , Yashiro Masakazu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Although the role of Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in cancer development has been focused on recent studies, the molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance of LCN2 in gastric cancer (GC) still remain unclear.

Methods
Transcriptome analysis of GC samples from public human data was performed according to Lauren’s classification and molecular classification. In vitro, Western blotting, RT-PCR, wound healing assay and invasion assay were performed to reveal the function and mechanisms of LCN2 in cell proliferation, migration and invasion using LCN2 knockdown cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of GC samples from public human data was analyzed according to LCN2 expression. The clinical significance of LCN2 expression was investigated in GC patients from public data and our hospital.

Results
LCN2 was downregulated in diffuse-type GC, as well as in Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) type GC. LCN2 downregulation significantly promoted proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells. The molecular mechanisms of LCN2 downregulation contribute to Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 (MMP2) stimulation which enhances EMT signaling in GC cells. GSEA revealed that LCN2 downregulation in human samples was involved in EMT signaling. Low LCN2 protein and mRNA levels were significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with GC. LCN2 mRNA level was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in GC patients.

Conclusions
LCN2 has a critical role in EMT signaling via MMP2 activity during GC progression. Thus, LCN2 might be a promising therapeutic target to revert EMT signaling in GC patients with poor outcomes.
Artificial data in sports forecasting: a simulation framework for analysing predictive models in sports
Authors: Garnica-Caparrós Marc , Memmert Daniel , Wunderlich Fabian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFar-reaching decisions in organizations often rely on sophisticated methods of data analysis. However, data availability is not always given in complex real-world systems, and even available data may not fully reflect all the underlying processes. In these cases, artificial data can help shed light on pitfalls in decision making, and gain insights on optimized methods. The present paper uses the example of forecasts targeting the outcomes of sports events, representing a domain where despite the increasing complexity and coverage of models, the proposed methods may fail to identify the main sources of inaccuracy. While the actual outcome of the events provides a basis for validation, it remains unknown whether inaccurate forecasts source from misestimating the strength of each competitor, inaccurate forecasting methods or just from inherently random processes. To untangle this paradigm, the present paper proposes the design of a comprehensive simulation framework that models the sports forecasting process while having full control of all the underlying unknowns. A generalized model of the sports forecasting process is presented as the conceptual basis of the system and is supported by the main challenges of real-world data applications. The framework aims to provide a better understanding of rating procedures and forecasting techniques that will boost new developments and serve as a robust validation system accounting for the predictive quality of forecasts. As a proof of concept, a full data generation is showcased together with the main analytical advantages of using artificial data.
Epilepsy and other comorbidities in Down syndrome
Authors: Bösebeck Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of intellectual disability. Due to many genetic and biochemical aberrations, people with DS suffer from several somatic disorders and concomitant diseases. Epilepsies occur more often than in the normal population, but less often than with intellectual disability of other causes. Epilepsies in DS have a trimodal distribution with age-related phenotypes, etiologies, and prognosis. The most common epilepsy syndrome in infancy is the often-self-limiting West syndrome; if Lennox–Gastaut syndrome occurs in the later course of development, the seizure prognosis worsens significantly. From the fourth decade of life, myoclonic epilepsy often occurs, which in combination with rapidly progressive Alzheimer’s dementia is life-limiting within a few years.
Ethical Sensemaking in Impact Investing: Reasons and Motives in the Chinese Renewable Energy Sector
Authors: Meng Tongyu , Newth Jamie , Woods Christine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article explores impact investing within the renewable energy sector. Drawing on ethical decision making and sensemaking, this article contributes to an enhanced understanding of the complex ethical sensemaking process of impact investors when facing plausible situations in a world of contested truths. Addressing the ethical tensions faced by impact investors with mixed motives, this study investigates the way decision makers use context-specific reasons to make sense of and shape the renewable energy investment (REI) process. This represents an initial attempt to understand ethical sensemaking in impact investing made within the renewable energy (RE) sector using a multi-stakeholder approach. Our findings show that prosocial, personal, reputational, and economic motives are the main drivers of REI, with prosocial and personal motives being value-based, and reputational and economic motives being evidence-based. We find three different modes of ethical sensemaking (pragmatic, retrospective, and forecasting), allowing for the construction of the four motives noted above. These motives are based on the context-specific reasons of impact investing decision makers in the RE sector. This article contributes to the academic discourse on ethical sensemaking with some key processes involved in ethical decision making, and a better understanding of the underlying motivations of impact investing in the RE sector.
Simply the best? Determinants of achieving the highest grade in a doctoral degree in Germany
Authors: de Vogel Susanne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn Germany, the final grade of a doctorate is significant for careers inside and outside the academic labor market. Particularly important is the highest grade—summa cum laude. At the same time, doctoral grades are constantly subject to criticism. Thus far, however, neither German nor international studies have examined the determinants of doctoral grades. Drawing on Hu’s model of college grades, this study develops a conceptual framework for explaining doctoral grades and investigates the impact of doctorate holders’, reviewers’, and environmental context characteristics on the probability of doctoral candidates graduating with the highest grade, summa cum laude. Using logistic regression analyses on data from the German PhD Panel Study, the study confirms that high-performing individuals are more likely to achieve the highest doctoral grade. A learning environment that is characterized by supervision security, high expectations to participate in scientific discourse, and strong support in network integration also increases the chances of graduating with a summa cum laude degree. In contrast, being female, having a highly respected reviewer, studying natural sciences, medical studies or engineering, completing an external doctorate, and studying within a learning environment characterized by rigid time constraints are negatively related to the probability of receiving a summa cum laude grade. This study is the first to lend empirical evidence to the critical discussion of doctoral grades and offers insights to ensure the validity of doctoral grades.