bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating the representation of distance between infarct diseases using word embedding
Authors: Yokokawa Daiki , Noda Kazutaka , Yanagita Yasutaka , Uehara Takanori , Ohira Yoshiyuki , Shikino Kiyoshi , Tsukamoto Tomoko , Ikusaka Masatomi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The pivot and cluster strategy (PCS) is a diagnostic reasoning strategy that automatically elicits disease clusters similar to a differential diagnosis in a batch. Although physicians know empirically which disease clusters are similar, there has been no quantitative evaluation. This study aimed to determine whether inter-disease distances between word embedding vectors using the PCS are a valid quantitative representation of similar disease groups in a limited domain.

Methods
Abstracts were extracted from the Ichushi Web database and subjected to morphological analysis and training using Word2Vec, FastText, and GloVe. Consequently, word embedding vectors were obtained. For words including “infarction,” we calculated the cophenetic correlation coefficient (CCC) as an internal validity measure and the adjusted rand index (ARI), normalized mutual information (NMI), and adjusted mutual information (AMI) with ICD-10 codes as the external validity measures. This was performed for each combination of metric and hierarchical clustering method.

Results
Seventy-one words included “infarction,” of which 38 diseases matched the ICD-10 standard with the appearance of 21 unique ICD-10 codes. When using Word2Vec, the CCC was most significant at 0.8690 (metric and method: euclidean and centroid), whereas the AMI was maximal at 0.4109 (metric and method: cosine and correlation, and average and weighted). The NMI and ARI were maximal at 0.8463 and 0.3593, respectively (metric and method: cosine and complete). FastText and GloVe generally resulted in the same trend as Word2Vec, and the metric and method that maximized CCC differed from the ones that maximized the external validity measures.

Conclusions
The metric and method that maximized the internal validity measure differed from those that maximized the external validity measures; both produced different results. The cosine distance should be used when considering ICD-10, and the Euclidean distance when considering the frequency of word occurrence. The distributed representation, when trained by Word2Vec on the “infarction” domain from a Japanese academic corpus, provides an objective inter-disease distance used in PCS.
Investigating the pathways between swift trust and team creativity among nursing student teams in Taiwan: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Liu Hsing-Yuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable theoretical and empirical work indicates that a multitude of factors are associated with team creativity in an organizational context. The complex relationships between the contributors, however, are not well understood in nursing education. This study was to take a process view investigating the pathways from swift trust to creativity via collaborative interactions and to explore whether task conflict would further change the strength of the indirect effect.MethodsThis study utilized a cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive design. Taiwanese nursing students (finaln = 629), who enrolled in capstone courses of small interdisciplinary groups collaborating with industrial design students on designing healthcare products, participated in the study. Data were collected from students during 2018 and 2020. Questionnaires assessed their perceptions about teams' swift trust (including cognition- and affect-based), collaborative interactions (including constructive controversy, helping behavior, and spontaneous communication), task conflict, and creativity. SPSS PROCESS macro was used to test the proposed moderated mediation model.ResultsBivariate correlation analysis showed that greater team creativity was associated with increased cognition-based team swift trust and collaborative interactions. Results revealed that collaborative interactions serving as the underlying mechanisms mediating the effect of cognition- and affect-based swift trust on team creativity. Moreover, the indirect effect of collaborative interactions, specifically, spontaneous communication, on linking swift trust to team creativity varied as a function of task conflict. As task conflict decreased, the effect became stronger.ConclusionFindings suggest that nursing student teams’ spontaneous communication serves as the underlying mechanism in linking the relationship between swift trust and team creativity and that lower task conflict plays a crucial role in enhancing the indirect effect. The proposed pathway could provide guidance for nursing educators to promote creativity outcomes by promoting swift trust and collaborative interactions as well as preventing task conflict for interdisciplinary nursing student teams.
Comparison of depression care provided in general practice in Norway and the Netherlands: registry-based cohort study (The Norwegian GP-DEP study)
Authors: Hansen Anneli Borge , Baste Valborg , Hetlevik Øystein , Smith-Sivertsen Tone , Haukenes Inger , de Beurs Derek , Nielen Mark , Ruths Sabine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Depression is highly prevalent in general practice, and organisation of primary health care probably affects the provision of depression care. General practitioners (GPs) in Norway and the Netherlands fulfil comparable roles. However, primary care teams with a mental health nurse (MHN) supplementing the GP have been established in the Netherlands, but not yet in Norway. In order to explore how the organisation of primary mental care affects care delivery, we aimed to examine the provision of GP depression care across the two countries.

Methods
Registry-based cohort study comprising new depression episodes in patients aged ≥ 18 years, 2011–2015. The Norwegian sample was drawn from the entire population (national health registries); 297,409 episodes. A representative Dutch sample (Nivel Primary Care Database) was included; 27,362 episodes. Outcomes were follow-up consultation(s) with GP, with GP and/or MHN, and antidepressant prescriptions during 12 months from the start of the depression episode. Differences between countries were estimated using negative binomial and Cox regression models, adjusted for patient gender, age and comorbidity.

Results
Patients in the Netherlands compared to Norway were less likely to receive GP follow-up consultations, IRR (incidence rate ratio) = 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.74). Differences were greatest among patients aged 18–39 years (adj IRR = 0.64, 0.63–0.66) and 40–59 years (adj IRR = 0.71, 0.69–0.73). When comparing follow-up consultations in GP practices, including MHN consultations in the Netherlands, no cross-national differences were found (IRR = 1.00, 0.98–1.01). But in age-stratified analyses, Dutch patients 60 years and older were more likely to be followed up than their Norwegian counterparts (adj IRR = 1.21, 1.16–1.26). Patients in the Netherlands compared to Norway were more likely to receive antidepressant drugs, adj HR (hazard ratio) = 1.32 (1.30–1.34).

Conclusions
The observed differences indicate that the organisation of primary mental health care affects the provision of follow-up consultations in Norway and the Netherlands. Clinical studies are needed to explore the impact of team-based care and GP-based care on the quality of depression care and patient outcomes.
A qualitative exploration of continuity of TB care in clinics after discharge from hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Kallon Idriss Ibrahim , Colvin Christopher J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundContinuity of care remains a challenge for TB patients who are discharged from hospital and referred to primary health care clinics in South Africa. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of patients, health care workers and family members regarding continuity of TB care in a Cape Town health district.MethodsWe conducted one-on-one interviews, using semi-structured interview guides, with TB patients and their families and health care workers. We also conducted focus group interviews with other health care workers who performed similar duties. Field notes were kept and patients’ home circumstances were also physically observed. Data saturation was achieved after 31 interviews. We used Miles and Huberman’s qualitative data analysis framework to interpret the data.ResultsThemes identified in the interviews were grouped into two categories: (1) patients’ socio-economic circumstances including complex family relationships, good or lack of family support, inadequate income, and agency; and (2) health system challenges, including inadequate referral links between the clinic and the hospital and negative emotions as a result of poor service delivery experienced by patients.ConclusionSome TB Patients experienced poor continuity of care on discharge from hospitals to primary health clinics and perceived that this resulted from socio-economic conditions and health system-related problems that triggered negative emotions. Proper communication between the hospital and clinic regarding patients’ care, adequate counselling, and patient-centred treatment are required to address poor continuity of care among patients with TB down-referred to clinics.
Can home care work be organized to promote musculoskeletal health for workers? Study protocol for the Norwegian GoldiCare cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lohne Fredrik Klæboe , Fimland Marius Steiro , Holtermann Andreas , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Fischer Heike , Gellein Trine Minde , Redzovic Skender 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Home care workers perform physically strenuous tasks, in particular when handling patients with high care demands. Thus, musculoskeletal pain and sick leave is greater in this group than in the general population. To ease these issues, we will implement a Goldilocks Work intervention (GoldiCare), redistributing schedules between workers to achieve a “just right” weekly structure of physical work that can promote health. This protocol paper describes the content, design, implementation and evaluation of the cluster randomized controlled trial of the GoldiCare intervention in home care.

Methods
The cluster randomized controlled trial is a 16-week workplace organizational intervention implemented through operations managers at the home care units. The operations managers will be introduced to the Goldilocks Work Principle and a GoldiCare tool, to assist the operations managers when composing a “just right” distribution of work schedules throughout the week. The GoldiCare tool provides an overview of the physical strain for each shift, based on the number of patients and their need for care. We expect to include 11 units, which will be randomized to either intervention or control at a 1:1 ratio. Home care workers assigned to the control group will continue to work as normal during the intervention period. Musculoskeletal pain in neck/shoulder and lower back will be the primary outcomes and we will also evaluate the composition of physical behaviors as well as fatigue after work as secondary outcomes. We will collect data using (1) daily questions regarding musculoskeletal pain and fatigue after work, (2) 7 days of objective measurements of physical behavior, (3) questionnaires about the participant’s characteristics, health, and workplace psychosocial stressors and (4) information on the implementation of the GoldiCare tool. In addition, a process evaluation will be conducted using focus group discussions and individual interviews.

Discussion
Due to the increasing aging population in need of care, measures that can improve the health of home care workers are paramount for the sustainability of this sector. This organizational intervention is based on information available nation-wide, and therefore has the potential to be scaled to all municipalities in Norway if proven effective.

Trial registration
This clinical trial was registered on 08/05/2022 under NCT05487027.
Inhibition of bone erosion, determined by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving a conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (csDMARD) plus denosumab vs csDMARD therapy alone: an open-label, randomized, parallel-group study
Authors: Iwamoto Naoki , Chiba Ko , Sato Shuntaro , Shiraishi Kazuteru , Watanabe Kounosuke , Oki Nozomi , Okada Akitomo , Koga Tomohiro , Kawashiri Shin-ya , Tamai Mami , Hosogaya Naoki , Furuyama Masako , Kobayashi Makiko , Saito Kengo , Okubo Naoki , Uetani Masataka , Osaki Makoto , Kawakami Atsushi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
This exploratory study compared the inhibition of bone erosion progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with a conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (csDMARD) plus denosumab versus csDMARD therapy alone and investigated the effects of denosumab on bone micro-architecture and other bone-related parameters using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT).

Methods
In this open-label, randomized, parallel-group study, patients with RA undergoing treatment with a csDMARD were randomly assigned (1:1) to continue csDMARD therapy alone or to continue csDMARDs with denosumab (60-mg subcutaneous injection once every 6 months) for 12 months. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in the depth of bone erosion, measured by HR-pQCT, in the second and third metacarpal heads at 6 months after starting treatment. Exploratory endpoints were also evaluated, and adverse events (AEs) were monitored for safety.

Results
In total, 46 patients were enrolled, and 43 were included in the full analysis set (csDMARDs plus denosumab, N = 21; csDMARD therapy alone, N = 22). Most patients were female (88.4%), and the mean age was 65.3 years. The adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) change from baseline in the depth of bone erosion, measured by HR-pQCT, in the 2–3 metacarpal heads at 6 months was − 0.57 mm (− 1.52, 0.39 mm) in the csDMARDs plus denosumab group vs − 0.22 mm (− 0.97, 0.53 mm) in the csDMARD therapy alone group (between-group difference: − 0.35 mm [− 1.00, 0.31]; P = 0.2716). Similar results were shown for the adjusted mean between-group difference in the width and volume of bone erosion of the 2–3 metacarpal heads. Significant improvements in bone micro-architecture parameters were shown. The incidence of AEs and serious AEs was similar between the csDMARDs plus denosumab and the csDMARD therapy alone groups (AEs: 52.2% vs 56.5%; serious AEs: 4.3% vs 8.7%).

Conclusions
Although the addition of denosumab to csDMARDs did not find statistically significant improvements in bone erosion after 6 months of treatment, numerical improvements in these parameters suggest that the addition of denosumab to csDMARDs may be effective in inhibiting the progression of bone erosion and improving bone micro-architecture.

Trial registration
University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000030575. Japan Registry for Clinical Trials, jRCTs071180018
Expression of CFTR, a hallmark gene of ionocytes, is downregulated in salivary glands of Sjögren’s syndrome patients
Authors: Zhang Qi , Lv Xiuying , Wang Ying , Wang Bin , He Yan , Chen Chubing , Shi Guixiu , Li Yan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The autoimmune exocrinopathy, Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS), is associated with secretory defects in salivary glands. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) of the chloride channel is a master regulator of fluid secretion, but its role in SjS has not been investigated. Our research found a link between CFTR and SjS at the genetic and protein levels, as well as through clinical data.

Methods
We used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify the presence of CFTR in glandular epithelial cells of the human salivary gland (scRNA-seq) and confirmed the difference using immunofluorescence tests in labial glands and clinical data statistics from 44 non-SjS and 36 SjS patients.

Results
The changes of CFTR expression in salivary glands of SjS patients was assessed at both mRNA and protein levels. According to the scRNA-seq analyses, CFTR was the hallmark gene of ionocytes. We firstly identified that SjS had a lower level of CFTR expression in the labial glands than non-SjS at mRNA level.
Using immunofluorescence assays, we also found that CFTR expression was decreased in SjS patients compared to non-SjS. The results of the clinical statistics revealed that CFTR expression was adversely correlated with feelings of dry mouth, lymphocyte infiltration in the labial glands, and certain autoantibodies in serum (antinuclear antibody, anti-Ro/SSA, and anti-La/SSB antibodies).

Conclusion
Those findings above proved an obviously downregulated expression of CFTR in salivary glands of SjS patients and its clinical significance. Dysfunction in CFTR or ionocytes may contribute to SjS pathogenesis and represents a promising therapeutic target.
Understanding the risk of developing weight-related complications associated with different body mass index categories: a systematic review
Authors: Taieb Adam Ben , Roberts Erika , Luckevich Maria , Larsen Sara , le Roux Carel W. , de Freitas Paulo Gomes , Wolfert Dingeman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundObesity and overweight are major risk factors for several chronic diseases. There is limited systematic evaluation of risk equations that predict the likelihood of developing an obesity or overweight associated complication. Predicting future risk is essential for health economic modelling. Availability of future treatments rests upon a model’s ability to inform clinical and decision-making bodies. This systematic literature review aimed to identify studies reporting (1) equations that calculate the risk for individuals with obesity, or overweight with a weight-related complication (OWRC), of developing additional complications, namely T2D, cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD), acute coronary syndrome, stroke, musculoskeletal disorders, knee replacement/arthroplasty, or obstructive sleep apnea; (2) absolute or proportional risk for individuals with severe obesity, obesity or OWRC developing T2D, a CV event or mortality from knee surgery, stroke, or an acute CV event.MethodsDatabases (MEDLINE and Embase) were searched for English language reports of population-based cohort analyses or large-scale studies in Australia, Canada, Europe, the UK, and the USA between January 1, 2011, and March 29, 2021. Included reports were quality assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.ResultsOf the 60 included studies, the majority used European cohorts. Twenty-nine reported a risk prediction equation for developing an additional complication. The most common risk prediction equations were logistic regression models that did not differentiate between body mass index (BMI) groups (particularly above 40 kg/m2) and lacked external validation. The remaining included studies (31 studies) reported the absolute or proportional risk of mortality (29 studies), or the risk of developing T2D in a population with obesity and with prediabetes or normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (three studies), or a CV event in populations with severe obesity with NGT or T2D (three studies). Most reported proportional risk, predominantly a hazard ratio.ConclusionMore work is needed to develop and validate these risk equations, specifically in non-European cohorts and that distinguish between BMI class II and III obesity. New data or adjustment of the current risk equations by calibration would allow for more accurate decision making at an individual and population level.
How limb dominance influences limb symmetry in ACL patients: effects on functional performance
Authors: Zumstein F. , Centner C. , Ritzmann R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Timing for return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is paramount for the avoidance of a secondary injury. A common criterion in RTS decision-making is the limb symmetry index (LSI) which quantifies (a)symmetries between the affected and unaffected limb. Limb dominance is one of many factors that may contribute to the recovery of the LSI after ACL reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to examine how limb dominance affects the LSI of functional performance tasks nine months following ACL reconstruction (time of RTS).

Methods
At time of return to sport, n = 100 patients (n = 48 injured the dominant limb, n = 52 injured the non-dominant limb, n = 34 female, n = 66 male) with ACL reconstruction surgery performed isokinetic strength measurements of the knee extensors and flexors, and drop jumps (DJ), single leg hop for distance (SHD) and 6 m timed hop (6MTH) testings.

Results
The findings indicated that injury of the dominant leg led to significantly higher LSI values in maximal isokinetic knee extensor strength (p = 0.030). No significant differences were observed for maximal isokinetic knee flexor strength, DJ, SHD or 6MTH performance. Stratifying for sex revealed no significant differences. Simple regression analyses demonstrated that LSI in maximal knee extensor strength significantly predicted LSIs in DJ and SHD while explaining 14% and 18% of the respective variance.

Conclusions
Given that limb dominance affects the LSI of muscle strength suggests that a differentiated interpretation of the LSI with respect to limb dominance should be considered for a safe return to sport. Monoarticular knee extensor strength and multiarticular hop test performance are interrelated and thus can show asymmetries which are not maladaptive but established during years of habituation or training.