bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition rates, treatment recommendations and stigma attributions for clients presenting with taboo intrusive thoughts: A vignette‐based survey of psychotherapists
Authors: Canavan Réamonn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent mental health disorder which is characterised by high levels of morbidity. Most individuals with OCD do not receive adequate psychotherapeutic intervention. Research suggests that taboo intrusive thoughts are less likely to be recognised as OCD in comparison to more recognisable forms. Stigma attributions are higher for individuals with taboo intrusive thoughts. The aim of this study is to examine psychotherapists' capacity to recognise different forms of OCD, their recommendations for psychotherapeutic intervention, and stigma attributions towards clients with OCD symptoms.MethodologyFive hundred fourteen psychotherapists in Ireland were randomly assigned a vignette describing a client with different OCD presentations—paedophilia, aggressive, religious, homosexuality, contamination and symmetry. Participants gave their interpretations of the presenting symptoms, their therapy recommendations and rated their confidence in their responses. Perceived dangerousness and willingness to work with the client were also investigated.ResultsThe taboo intrusive thoughts vignettes were significantly less likely to be recognised as OCD than the contamination and symmetry vignettes. Participants attributed greater levels of stigma to clients with aggressive and paedophilia intrusive thoughts. Recommendations for evidence‐based therapies were low. Participants who recognised OCD were significantly more likely to recommend an evidence‐based therapy. Confidence was a poor predictor of OCD identification and evidence‐based therapy recommendation.ConclusionsThe results suggest a lack of awareness of certain types of OCD presentation amongst psychotherapists, the meaning of the symptoms and of evidence‐based psychotherapeutic interventions for OCD. The implications of this, and possible applications of these results, are discussed.
Neuroprotective Alkamides from the Aerial Parts ofAchillea alpinaL.
Authors: Li Xiu‐Wei , Yue Hu‐Cheng , Wu Xia , Guo Qiang , Tian Jia‐Yi , Liu Zong‐Yang , Xiao Meng , Li Xiao‐Xi , Yu Lan , Li Ang , Ning Zhong‐Qi , Zan Ke , Chen Xiao‐Qing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThree new alkamides, achilleamide B‐D (1–3) along with five known alkamides (4–8) were isolated from the aerial parts ofAchillea alpinaL. Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Modified Mosher's method and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations were introduced for the absolute configuration of3. The neuroprotective effects of all the compounds were evaluated by 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced cell death in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells, with concentration for 50 % of maximal effect (EC50) values of 3.16–24.75 μM, and the structure–activity relationship was conducted.
Boosted Productivity in Single‐Tile‐Based DNA Polyhedra Assembly by Simple Cation Replacement
Authors: Zhou Kaixuan , Mei Zhichao , Lei Yunxiang , Guan Zhen , Mao Chengde , Li Yulin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCations such as divalent magnesium ion (Mg2+) play an essential role in DNA self‐assembly. However, the strong electrostatic shielding effect of Mg2+would be disadvantageous in some situations that require relatively weak interactions to allow a highly reversible error‐correcting mechanism in the process of assembly. Herein, by substituting the conventional divalent Mg2+with monovalent sodium ion (Na+), we have achieved one‐pot high‐yield assembly of tile‐based DNA polyhedra at micromolar concentration of tiles, at least 10 times higher than the DNA concentrations reported previously. This strategy takes advantage of coexisting counterions and is expected to surmount the major obstacle to potential applications of such DNA nanostructures: large‐scale production.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Direct Reductive Amination of Ketones and Secondary Amines: Breaking the Aliphatic Wall
Authors: Jouffroy Matthieu , Nguyen Thi‐Mo , Cordier Marie , Blot Marielle , Roisnel Thierry , Gramage‐Doria Rafael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Matthieu Jouffroy from Discovery Process Research at Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. and the group of Rafael Gramage‐Doria at the University of Rennes. The image depicts an Ir‐based catalytic system “fueled” by hydrogen for the direct reductive amination of ketones and secondary amines, allowing complex aliphatic tertiary amines to be prepared and, so, new chemical space to be reached. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202201078.
Nonbonding/Bonding Molecular Orbital Regulation of Nitrogen‐Boron‐Oxygen‐embedded Blue/Green Multiresonant TADF Emitters with High Efficiency and Color Purity
Authors: Liu Guanting , Sasabe Hisahiro , Kumada Kengo , Arai Hiroki , Kido Junji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized and characterized multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials embedded with nitrogen‐boron‐oxygen (N−B−O), exhibiting color‐tunability between blue and green, namely NBO, m‐DiNBO, and p‐DiNBO. The three emitter materials showed a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and a state‐of‐the‐art narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 96 %/25 nm, 87 %/17 nm, and 99 %/19 nm, respectively. For m‐DiNBO and p‐DiNBO, the emission color could be tuned from blue to green by regulating the nonbonding/bonding molecular orbital characters. Owing to the expanded planar molecular structure, m‐DiNBO and p‐DiNBO showed high horizontal dipole ratio (Θ) of 88 % and 92 %, respectively. OLEDs were prepared with NBO, m‐DiNBO, and p‐DiNBO, exhibiting high external quantum efficiencies of 16.8 %, 24.2 %, and 21.6 %, respectively. NBO and m‐DiNBO exhibited pure‐blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.137, 0.142) and (0.126, 0.098), respectively. p‐DiNBO showed pure‐green emission with a CIE coordinate of (0.258, 0.665).
Preoperative therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma—precision beyond anatomy
Authors: Seo Y. David , Katz Matthew H. G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite recent advances in the systemic treatment of gastrointestinal tumors, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenging disease, with 5‐year survival just over 10%. Pancreatectomy in patients meeting defined anatomic criteria can result in cure; however, perioperative morbidity and mortality, as well as high rates of both local and distant recurrence even after “potentially curative” resection, have limited survival. Although perioperative chemotherapy has been shown to improve patients' longevity and chance for cure, debate continues about whether the preoperative or adjuvant approach is most effective in treatment of localized PDAC. Large, randomized multicenter trials in patients with resectable and borderline resectable PDAC have evaluated an evolving therapeutic landscape with mixed results. Importantly, these landmark studies share the fundamentally flawed assumption that tumor anatomical characteristics are an indicator of behavior and natural history. Concurrent biologic and translational research has revealed that rather than a single disease, PDAC represents a phenotypically variable group of malignancies arising in physiologically diverse patients. Ongoing novel trials have begun to capture this heterogeneity both in patient selection as well as the measurement of response by using genomic, transcriptional and radiomic markers. By moving away from classic anatomic descriptors to a more nuanced landscape of biomarkers predictive of tumor behavior and response, we can further refine the questions asked in preoperative trials and translate the answers to clinically meaningful precision therapy in localized PDAC.
Regulatory roles of external cholesterol in human airway epithelial mitochondrial function through STARD3 signalling
Authors: Li Liyang , Liu Yifei , Liu Xuanqi , Zheng Nannan , Gu Yutong , Song Yuanlin , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHypercholesterolemia is found in patients with chronic lung inflammation, during which airway epithelial cells play important roles in maintenance of inflammatory responses to pathogens. The present study aims at molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol changes airway epithelial sensitivity in response to smoking.MethodsHuman bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) were stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and mice were exposed to CS/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as models in vitro and in vivo. Severe COPD patients and healthy volunteers were also enrolled and the level of cholesterol in plasma was detected by metabolomics. Filipin III and elisa kits were used to stain free cholesterol. Mitochondrial function was detected by mitotracker green, mitotracker green, and Seahorse. Mitochondrial morphology was detected by high content screening and electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial dynamics‐related proteins were detected by RT‐qPCR and Western blot,respectively. BODIPY 493/503 was used to stain lipid droplets. Lipidomics was used to detect intracellular lipid components. The mRNA level of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 were detected by RT‐qPCR.ResultsWe found that the cholesterol overload was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and airway epithelia‐driven inflammation, evidenced by hypercholesterolemia in patients with COPD and preclinical models, alteration of lipid metabolism‐associated genes in CSE‐induced airway epithelia and production of ILs. External cholesterol altered airway epithelial sensitivity of inflammation in response to CSE, through the regulation of STARD3‐MFN2 pathway, cholesterol re‐distribution, altered transport and accumulation of cholesterol, activities of lipid transport regulators and disorder of mitochondrial function and dynamics. MFN2 down‐regulation increased airway epithelial sensitivity and production of ILs after smoking, at least partially by injuring fatty acid oxidation and activating mTOR phosphorylation.ConclusionsOur data provide new insights for understanding molecular mechanisms of cholesterol‐altered airway epithelial inflammation and for developing diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.
Demographic responses to climate‐driven variation in habitat quality across the annual cycle of a migratory bird species
Authors: Saracco James F. , Cormier Renée L. , Humple Diana L. , Stock Sarah , Taylor Ron , Siegel Rodney B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe demography and dynamics of migratory bird populations depend on patterns of movement and habitat quality across the annual cycle. We leveraged archival GPS‐tagging data, climate data, remote‐sensed vegetation data, and bird‐banding data to better understand the dynamics of black‐headed grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus) populations in two breeding regions, the coast and Central Valley of California (Coastal California) and the Sierra Nevada mountain range (Sierra Nevada), over 28 years (1992–2019). Drought conditions across the annual cycle and rainfall timing on the molting grounds influenced seasonal habitat characteristics, including vegetation greenness and phenology (maturity dates). We developed a novel integrated population model with population state informed by adult capture data, recruitment rates informed by age‐specific capture data and climate covariates, and survival rates informed by adult capture–mark–recapture data and climate covariates. Population size was relatively variable among years for Coastal California, where numbers of recruits and survivors were positively correlated, and years of population increase were largely driven by recruitment. In the Sierra Nevada, population size was more consistent and showed stronger evidence of population regulation (numbers of recruits and survivors negatively correlated). Neither region showed evidence of long‐term population trend. We found only weak support for most climate–demographic rate relationships. However, recruitment rates for the Coastal California region were higher when rainfall was relatively early on the molting grounds and when wintering grounds were relatively cool and wet. We suggest that our approach of integrating movement, climate, and demographic data within a novel modeling framework can provide a useful method for better understanding the dynamics of broadly distributed migratory species.
Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Road Runoff Are an Environmental Risk and Should Be Included in Future Investigations
Authors: Grung Merete , Lindman Sofie , Kringstad Alfhild , Girardin Viviane , Meland Sondre 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and metals are important contaminants in road runoff. Vital mitigation measures against aquatic contamination from road runoff include the use of sedimentation ponds. However, it has been demonstrated that ecosystems in sedimentation ponds might be affected by road runoff. Sediments from six natural ponds and 27 sedimentation ponds were investigated to determine the environmental risk of contaminants. The amount of traffic on the respective roads associated with the sedimentation ponds was correlated with the environmental concentrations. Quantification included seven metals, the 16 US Environmental Protection Agency polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylated PACs, dibenzothiophene, benzo[e]pyrene, and perylene. The environmental risk was assessed according to the European Union Water Framework Directive guidelines. Sedimentation ponds had a higher level of contaminants than natural ponds, and environmental risks were dominated by the concentration of PACs. Alkylated PACs contributed to the environmental risk posed by PACs and should be included in future monitoring. Only Cu and Zn were measured at concentrations above the environmental quality standards (EQSs), while 13 PACs exceeded the EQS. Sediment concentrations of Cu, Zn, and most PACs correlated significantly with the amount of traffic. The sources of PACs were determined by source apportionment ratios between PACs. Alkylation and pyrogenic indices showed that sources in natural ponds were of mostly pyrogenic origin, whereas in sedimentation ponds they were predominantly petrogenic. Asphalt was the probable main source of PACs. A hierarchical clustering technique was used to investigate both the environmental risks and the pattern of PACs in the ponds and revealed that a few sedimentation ponds were not protecting the environment as intended because the upper sediment layers had not been regularly dredged. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1838–1850. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Optimal power allocation for non‐orthogonal multiple access enabled full‐duplex underlay cognitive relay networks under partial relay selection
Authors: Aswathi V , Babu A V 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article considers non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enabled full‐duplex (FD) underlay cognitive relay networks (ie, NOMA‐FDCRNs) with partial relay selection scheme. The secondary network, where NOMA is used, consists of a secondary base station (SBS) sending messages to two secondary users (SUs), that is, a near SU (SU1) and a far SU (SU2), by utilizing a dedicated relay selected from a set of FD decode‐and‐forward nodes. We obtain analytical expressions for the outage probabilities (OPs) of the SUs and then deduce the asymptotic OP expressions as well. Further, expressions are obtained for the optimal power allocation (OPA) coefficients at the SBS and at the relay that separately maximizes the throughput of the secondary network in NOMA‐FDCRN. Furthermore, the jointly optimal power allocation (JOPA) coefficients that maximize the throughput are also determined. The analyses consider (i) imperfect successive interference cancelation conditions, (ii) the tolerable interference limit of the primary receiver, (iii) the secondary nodes' maximum transmit power values, (iv) interference generated by the primary transmitter, and (v) the residual self‐interference (RSI) at the FD relay. It is shown that the proposed OPA coefficients at the SBS and the JOPA can mitigate the impact of RSI and significantly improve the OP and throughput performance. The numerical results show that the proposed JOPA approach provides 32% and 106% improvement of throughput compared to random power allocation (RPA) and equal power allocation (EPA) strategies, respectively. The OP of SU1 and SU2 reduce by 68% and 73%, respectively, under the proposed JOPA compared to RPA, while compared to EPA, the OP of SU1 and SU2 reduce by 96% and 97%, respectively.
If Not Now, Then When? Taking Disability Seriously in Bioethics
Authors: Mukherjee Debjani , Tarsney Preya S. , Kirschner Kristi L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe impression of bioethicists as “dangerous,” as articulated in Mouth Magazine in 1994, has continued to be a theme in the disability movement. We respond to three common responses by bioethicists to this impression—namely, this is from the past, and bioethicists are different now; this is an angry and extremist position; and the Americans with Disabilities Act and other disability rights and justice efforts have solved historical inequities. We draw on the historical record and on our collective experiences as bioethicists engaged in clinical consultation and education and as the founding, former, and current directors of a program focused on disability and rehabilitation ethics to argue that ableism and unexamined assumptions about people with disabilities have persisted in bioethics despite decades of counternarratives, research, and divergent perspectives. Ableism and such assumptions can lead to health care decisions that are prone to bias, mistreatment, and a lack of consideration of viable options for living with disability. As the field of bioethics moves toward certification examinations and as new generations join the field's ranks, these problems need to be rectified with solutions at the individual, interpersonal, and structural levels. It is past time to take disability seriously.
Probiotic‐derived nanoparticles inhibit ALD through intestinal miR194 suppression and subsequent FXR activation
Authors: Jiang Mengwei , Li Fengyuan , Liu Yunhuan , Gu Zelin , Zhang Lihua , Lee Jiyeon , He Liqing , Vatsalya Vatsalya , Zhang Huang‐Ge , Deng Zhongbin , Zhang Xiang , Chen Shao‐Yu , Guo Grace L. , Barve Shirish , McClain Craig J. , Feng Wenke 
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims:
Intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a critical role in alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD). We aimed to investigate whether alcohol‐induced dysbiosis increased intestinal microRNA194 (miR194) that suppressed Fxr transcription and whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG–derived exosome‐like nanoparticles (LDNPs) protected against ALD through regulation of intestinal miR194‐FXR signaling in mice.

Approach and Results:
Binge‐on‐chronic alcohol exposure mouse model was utilized. In addition to the decreased ligand‐mediated FXR activation, alcohol feeding repressed intestinal Fxr transcription and increased miR194 expression. This transcriptional suppression of Fxr by miR194 was confirmed in intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cells and mouse enteriods. The alcohol feeding–reduced intestinal FXR activation was further demonstrated by the reduced FXR reporter activity in fecal samples and by the decreased fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15) messenger RNA (mRNA) in intestine and protein levels in the serum, which caused an increased hepatic bile acid synthesis and lipogeneses. We further demonstrated that alcohol feeding increased‐miR194 expression was mediated by taurine‐upregulated gene 1 (Tug1) through gut microbiota regulation of taurine metabolism. Importantly, 3‐day oral administration of LDNPs increased bile salt hydrolase (BSH)‐harboring bacteria that decreased conjugated bile acids and increased gut taurine concentration, which upregulated Tug1, leading to a suppression of intestinal miR194 expression and recovery of FXR activation. Activated FXR upregulated FGF15 signaling and subsequently reduced hepatic bile acid synthesis and lipogenesis and attenuated ALD. These protective effects of LDNPs were eliminated in intestinal Fxr

ΔIEC
and Fgf15

−/−
mice. We further showed that miR194 was upregulated, whereas BSH activity and taurine levels were decreased in fecal samples of patients with ALD.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrated that gut microbiota–mediated miR194 regulation contributes to ALD pathogenesis and to the protective effects of LDNPs through modulating intestinal FXR signaling.
Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with high‐risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with 3‐year adjuvant imatinib
Authors: Bang Yeong Hak , Ryu Min‐Hee , Kim Hyung‐Don , Lee Hyung Eun , Kang Yoon‐Koo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThree years of adjuvant imatinib is the current standard for patients with high‐risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy profiles of 3‐year imatinib, focusing on the prognostic value of various factors. In this registry‐based study, 222 patients with high‐risk GIST who underwent surgical resection followed by 3 years of adjuvant imatinib between 2010 and 2018 were included. The imatinib dose was reduced in 39 (17.6%), and 13 (5.9%) discontinued imatinib due to toxicity. With a median follow‐up duration of 65.7 months, 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were 73.2% and 93.9%, respectively. Tumor rupture, tumor size of >10 cm, mitotic index of >10/50 high power fields (HPF) were independent factors for short RFS. Patient subgroups stratified by the risk factors showed distinct RFS (P < .001): patients without the above risk factors or those with only a tumor size of >10 cm showed favorable RFS (5‐year RFS 83.8% and 92.3%, respectively), whereas those with tumor rupture or those with tumor size of >10 cm and mitotic index of >10/50 HPF showed prominently poor RFS (5‐year RFS of 54.8% and 47.9%, respectively). Three years of adjuvant imatinib treatment was generally tolerable and effective, which were consistent with the clinical outcomes of previous reports. The presence of tumor rupture, large tumor and high mitotic count was independently associated with poor RFS. Based on these risk factors, different management strategies, such as different durations of adjuvant imatinib, deserve further investigation.