bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Industrial Wastewater Discharge From the Major Cities in Sichuan Province (China) from 2003 to 2018
Authors: Guo Hui , Zhang Yawen , Yang Zhen’an 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wastewater discharge is produced as a side effect of socio-economic activities and exerts severe pressure on the environment, its characteristics depend on the rate of urbanization and industrialization. We used spatial autocorrelation, environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), and logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model to study the spatial characteristics and driving factors of industrial wastewater discharge in Sichuan province (2003–2018). We showed that the amount of industrial wastewater discharge in Sichuan province for the period was reduced from 116580 to 42064.96 million tons as observed from the Moran index ranging from -0.31 to 0.30. We identified five types of the EKC (monotonically decreasing, N, inverted N, U, and inverted U shape) in 18 major cities of Sichuan province. The technical effect (from -0.28 to -16.37) can reduce the discharge of industrial wastewater, while structure effect (0.05–3.83), economy effect (0.19–7.79) and population effect (from -0.08 to 0.46) can promote the industrial wastewater discharge. Our findings suggest that industrial wastewater discharge was reduced and showed a scattered distribution characteristic in Sichuan Province from 2003 to 2018. It is necessary to strengthen technical management measures to reduce industrial wastewater discharge in Sichuan province.
Analysis of Lymph Node Metastasis and Risk Factors in 975 Patients with FIGO 2009 Stage ⅠA-ⅡA Cervical Cancer
Authors: Cao Lina , Kong Weimin , Li Jing , Song Dan , Jin Bixia , Liu Tingting , Han Chao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
To summarize the lymph node metastasis (LNM) rate of patients with stage ⅠA-ⅡA cervical cancer, and further analyze its distribution characteristics and related risk factors.
Methods
According to FIGO 2009, the clinical data of 975 patients with stage ⅠA-ⅡA cervical cancer treated in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence and distribution of LNM were analyzed, and the influencing factors of cervical cancer LNM were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression.
Results
In this study, the LNM rate was 14.8%(144/975), and a total of 20288 lymph nodes were removed, among which 359 lymph nodes had metastasis. According to the statistics of the number and frequency of metastatic lymph nodes in different regions, the metastatic rate was the highest in the parauterine/obturator regions. Univariate analysis showed that pregnancy > 3 times, tumor size > 4cm, gross type, FIGO stage, pathological type, positive lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), deep cervical stromal invasion (outer 1/2 invasion), parametrial involvement and uterine corpus invasion (UCI) were all correlated with LNM (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed tumor lesion >4cm (OR=2.253,95%CI:1.486-3.416,P<0.001), positive LVSI (OR=5.353,95%CI: 3.303-8.676, P <0.001), deep cervical stromal invasion (OR=3.461, 95%CI: 2.106-5.688, P<0.001)and deep UCI (myometrial invasion≥50%) (OR=3.529, 95%CI: 1.321-9.427, P=0.012)were independent risk factors for LNM.
Conclusion C
ervical cancer patients are more likely to have LNM if the tumor size > 4cm, positive LVSI, deep cervical stromal invasion and deep UCI. In clinical treatment, attention should be paid to the evaluation of LNM.
Assessment of Policies and Harm Reduction Services for Young People Who Use Drugs in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal: Identifying Gaps and Opportunities
Authors: Maharjan Ishwor 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Young people under 30 represent the majority of people who use drugs in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Young people who use drugs (YPWUD) may have particular needs and require different service and policy responses when compared to their older peers. This research examines the strengths and limitations of currently available policies and services; their effectiveness in meeting the needs of YPWUD and identifies gaps and opportunities for their improvement.Methodology: Semi-structured interviews (n=9) with key stakeholders and one focus group (n=5) discussion with YPWUD were conducted. Results were analyzed using the Rhodes Risk Environment framework which considers the ‘physical’, ‘social’, ‘economic’ and ‘policy’ level factors shaping risk at ‘micro’, ‘meso’ and ‘macro’ levels.Results: Drug use patterns among YPWUD in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal are changing. Several trends have been identified including increased use of methamphetamine, diverted pharmaceuticals and ‘Southasian-Cocktail’ (a mixture of buprenorphine, benzodiazepine and antihistamines); use at the border regions and a move away from drug dealing ‘hotspots’ to online drug purchasing. YPWUD and service providers report a range of barriers to accessing services including stigma and discrimination; a lack of local services; a lack of knowledge of existing services; age of consent legislation and opening hours which may conflict with commitments such as school and college. YPWUD report a range of human rights violations including involuntary treatment, arbitrary detention, forced labour and public body searches. Service providers and policymakers report precarious international donor funding of services through HIV prevention programs with little to no youth-specific services for YPWUD.Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of youth-friendly harm reduction services that are relevant and responsive to the unique needs and experiences of YPWUD. These services should address current trends including the use of new substances (for example, methamphetamine and ‘Southasian Cocktail’) in diverse environments (including at the border regions and online). The perspectives of YPWUD are vital while developing and implementing harm reduction programs to ensure that the programs are effective, efficient and based on the diverse needs of YPWUD.
Effect of Frequent Vaginal Saline Lavage On Maternal Infection Prevention During Mechanical Labor Induction
Authors: Xin Hong , Gao Jing , Huang Jing , Chang Ruijing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Induction of labor is performed in up to 25% of pregnancies. The major concern in mechanical labor induction is that it increases the chance of infection when a foreign device is introduced into the cervix. The aim of the study is to test the effectiveness of a vagina saline lavage procedure on infection prevention during labor induction by transcervical double balloon catheter.Methods: Enrolled pregnant women were randomly divided into two groups. The control group received standard aseptic vaginal cleansing with 5% betadine solution. In addition to the standard aseptic preparation, the study group received vaginal lavage with 0.9% saline solution before the device placement and once every 4 hours after the insertion. Results: There was no statistical difference in the demographic characteristics or the indications for induction between the two groups (P > 0.1). The final delivery modes and complication rates were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the two groups, except for the maternal infection rate (P < 0.05). The rate of infection dropped from 10.6% to 2.9% when the frequent vaginal lavage procedure was performed. Conclusions: Excessive vaginal aseptic preparation by saline solution is easy to apply, safe and effective in reducing maternal infection during mechanical labor induction.
Gut Microbiota, Combined with Metabolomics, Reveals the Mechanism of Curcumol on Liver Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Zheng Yang , Wang Jiahui , Wang Jiaru , Jiang Ruizhu , Liang Tianjian , Zhao Tiejian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background:Liver fibrosis is a reversible pathological process, and its prevention and treatment are of great significance to patients with chronic liver disease. This study combined 16S rRNA analysis of gut microbiota and plasma metabolomics to explore the mechanism of curcumol’s effect on liver fibrosis in mice. The results will help to clarify the relationship between the gut microbiota and metabolites in the process of liver fibrosis.Results:Molecular biological testing found that curcumol could significantly improve the pathological changes of liver tissue and inhibit the occurrence of liver inflammation. Intestinal flora testing found that curcumol could significantly change the abundances of Veillonellaceae, Prerotella_oulorum, and Alistipes_finegoldii. Metabolomics analysis found that curcumol’s anti-hepatic fibrosis effect may be related to its regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism. Correlation analysis suggested that curcumol regulated the abundances of Bacteroidota and Bacteroides and participated in the metabolism of Prostaglandin B2.Conclusions:When liver fibrosis occurs, the intestinal flora and metabolic network will be altered. The effect of curcumol on liver fibrosis may be related to its regulation of intestinal flora and the resulting interference with metabolic pathways, thereby regulating liver inflammation.
Effect of Substrate Properties and Phosphorus-supply on the Rare Earth Element Facilitation in Mixed-culture Cropping Systems of Hordeum Vulgare, Lupinus Albus and Lupinus Angustifolius
Authors: Monei Nthati , Hitch Michael , Heim Juliane , Pourret Olivier , Heilmeier Hermann , Wiche Oliver 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study presents how nutrient availability and intercropping may influence the migration of REE when cultivated under P-deficient conditions. In a replacement model, Hordeum vulgare was intercropped with 11% Lupinus albus cv. Feodora and 11% L. angustifolius cv. Sonate. They were cultivated on two substrates, A (pH = 7.8) and B (pH = 6.6). Two nutrient solutions were supplied, with N, K, Mg and high P-supply (P+), the other with N, K, Mg, and one-third of P-supply (P-, applied to L0 and Lan only). Simultaneously, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to quantify carboxylate release. There, one group of L. albus and L. angustifolius was supplied with 200 µM K2HPO4 (P+) together with the other nutrients while a second group received 20 µM P (P-). L. albus released higher carboxylates at low P-supply than L. angustifolius. Higher P-supply did not influence the P concentrations and contents of H. vulgare neither on substrate A nor on substrate B. However, addition of P decreased the concentrations of REEs, especially in plants cultivated on alkaline soil. Nutrient accumulation decreased in H. vulgare in intercropping with L. angustifolius when cultivated on the alkaline substrate A with high P-supply. In the same conditions, the accumulation of REE in H. vulgare significantly increased. Conversely, on the acidic substrate B intercropping with L. albus decreased REE contents and concentrations in H. vulgare. Intercropping with L. angustifolius opens an opportunity for enhanced phytomining and accumulation of REE. Furthermore, intercropping with L. albus on REE polluted soils may be utilized to restrict REE accumulation in crops used for food production.
Analysis of the Characteristics of the Land Creeping (Slow-Moving) at Seomyeon, Suncheon-Si Area
Authors: park Jae hyeon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to prevent land creeping by examining various features such as geology, topography, and physical characteristics, using the case of a land-crawled region. The first land creeping occurred in Seomyeon Suncheon-si in 2000, and the second occurred in 2020; the damaged surface area of the second event was approximately 21.7 times that of the first, and it was discovered Sunchoen-si Landcreep occur because of forest road cut affected. After 1 h, it was moderate at a soil depth of 20, 100, 200, and 250 cm from the surface soil, according to a measurement result of soil dispersity. It was severe at soil depths of 100, 200, and 250 cm, and the clay soil between the bedrock was mild to severe, and it was determined to be severe in locations where groundwater was leaching. The objective study area was a typical land creeping-type landslide caused by weathered rocks, and this area belonged to a type of convex terrain ground (凸) form. The land creeping occurred in the convex area (凸). As a result of analyzing the landslide hazard grade, the creeping land area is found to be different from ordinary landslides because it includes most areas of landslide hazard grade 3–5 and out of the grade. Results show that the land creeping has proceeded in the directions of S15°E, S20°E, S25°E, and S30°E, which is consistent with the direction following the flow duration of groundwater determined using the electrical resistivity survey method.
Optical Characterization of Quinoline Yellow Fluorochemosensors for Analyzing Its Photonics Applications With Synthesized Nano Particles
Authors: Melavanki Raveendra , Kumar Vijaya , Ramesh N L , Singh Diksha , B Daruka Prasad , N Dhananjaya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Quinoline Yellow (QY) with the scientific name [sodium 2-(2, 3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-1H-inden-2-yl) quinoline-6,8-disulfonate] (SQDS) is investigated for its sensing properties as fluorochemosensors and its NLO applications. Pure SQDS is doped with copper ferrite and cerium oxide nanoparticles and studied for changes in spectral results. Change in absorption spectrum is observed depending on the polarity of solvents. Intensity of fluorescence also varies with different type of solvents. Optical characterization for SQDS is carried out via various spectroscopic techniques including UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Photo Luminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Optical parameters like extinction coefficient, refractive index and bandgap energy are determined from absorption spectrum for both solution and film samples. XRD characterization is also performed for QY and for nanoparticle doped QY. For investigating Non-Linear optical (NLO) application of QY, films are prepared and optical imaging is performed via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Characterization results are analysed and predicted for application in non-linear optics.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) use in Cancer Patients of Immigration Background
Authors: Wu Alex , Wu Yunhong , Natarajan Vijaya , Singh Prabhsimranjot , Cheema Waseem , Hossain Rukhsana , Liu Christine , Mejia Yocasta , Oo Myoe Htet Htet , Valenzano Bina , Xu Yiqing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that cancer patients are more likely to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) than non-cancer patients for immune enhancement and symptom relief. We hypothesized that cancer patients with immigration background may seek out CAM use more readily than the US born patients due to the impact from their cultural background.Methods: This is a prospective, single institution, questionnaire study on cancer patient for the use of CAM. Correlates of CAM use with age, sex, cancer types, stages, race, birthplace, immigration duration, first language use, marital status, levels of poverty, education and anxiety, were studied.Results: Among 658 patients, the prevalence of CAM use was 66.11%. CAM use was 71.98% in females and 54.34% in males (p=1.13x10-5), 67.09% in patients ≥ 38 years old and 46.88% in patients < 38 years old (p=0.0215). Patients of African descent had higher CAM use (72.73%) than the Caucasians and Others (63.53%) (p=0.0371). There was no difference of CAM use between the US born (68.77%) and the immigrants (63.98%) as a whole; however, Asian born immigrants had lower CAM use (53.77%) than the US born (66.50%) (p=0.0161), while the Latin-American born had a trend towards higher CAM use (74.83%, P=0.0608). The number of years living in the US by the immigrants did not have an association with CAM use. Among psychosocial economic factors, married patients had a lower CAM use (61.23%) than the unmarried (70.85%) (p=0.0102). The levels of education, poverty and anxiety did not show a statistical difference in relation to CAM use, nor was the difference between the early or late stages of disease. Prayer and spirituality, and Dietary medicine were the two most common CAM subtypes used (25.91% and 16.12%, respectively). African Americans showed the highest rate of using Prayer and spirituality (84.72%) while the Asian Americans had the lowest rate (40.32%). Conclusions: Among cancer patients of multi-ethnic and immigration background, CAM use was higher in African American patients, and lower in Asian Americans, as compared to the US born, or to Caucasians. Cultural roots appeared to be a strong influencing factor for the selection of CAM.
Diversity of Gut Methanogens and Functional Enzymes Associated With Methane Metabolism in Smallholder Dairy Cattle
Authors: Ng'etich Denis K. , Bett Rawlynce C. , Gachuiri Charles K. , Kibegwa Felix M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Methane is a greenhouse gas with disastrous consequences when released to intolerable levels. Ruminants produce methane during gut fermentation releasing it through belching and/or flatulence. To better understand the diversity of methanogens and functional enzymes associated with methane metabolism in dairy cows, 48 samples; six rumen and 42 dung contents were collected and analyzed using a shotgun metagenomic approach. The results indicated archaea from 5 phyla, 9 classes, 16 orders, 25 families, 59 genera, and 87 species. Gut sites significantly contributed to the presence and distribution of various methanogens (P<0.01). The class Methanomicrobia was abundant in the rumen samples (~ 39%) and in dung (~44%). The most abundant (~17%) methanogen species identified was Methanocorpusculum labreanum. However, some taxonomic classes were not classified (~ 6% in the rumen and ~4% in the dung). Furthermore, five functional enzymes: Glycine/Serine hydroxy methyltransferase, Formylmethanofuran—tetrahydromethanopterin N-formyltransferase, Formate dehydrogenase, Anaerobic carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and Catalase-peroxidase were associated with methane metabolism. KO0600 module and Enzyme Commissions (1.11.1.6 & 2.1.2.1) were common for dung and rumen fluid’s enzymatic pathways. Functional analysis for the enzymes identified were significant (P<0.05) for 5 metabolism processes. Breeding for tolerable methane emitting dairy cattle for a sustainable environment should be undertaken.
Homocysteine-Potentiated Keap1 Promotes Neuronal Senescence via Inhibiting Ubiquitination of β-Catenin
Authors: Zhang Yao , Xie Jiazhao , Jiang Yan-li , Yang Shao-juan , Wei Hui , Yang Ying , Wang Jian-zhi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been reported that Hcy dramatically accelerates the aging of endothelial progenitor cells or endothelial cells. However, whether and how Hcy produces neuronal senescence is largely unknown.
Methods
Mouse neuroblastma 2a (N2a) cells were treated with Hcy, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was applied to assay senescence. Senescent markers and related proteins were examined by western blot, quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence staining. Methylation of promoter was assay by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). Immunoprecipitation (IP) was applied to examine association between proteins. Rats were injected with homocysteine and examined neuronal senescence.
Results
In this study, we observed that Hcy significantly promoted the senescence of N2a cells with elevated β-catenin and Kelch like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Intriguingly, Hcy increased the interaction between Keap1 and Wilms tumor gene on X chromosome (WTX), but decreased β-catenin-WTX interaction simultaneously. Mechanistically, Hcy attenuated the methylation level of Keap1 promoter’s CqG island and activated the transcription of Keap1. While, slow degradation rate rather than transcriptional activation contributed to the high level of β-catenin. Hcy-increased Keap1 competed with β-catenin to bind to WTX. Knockdown of β-catenin and Keap1 both attenuated Hcy-induced senescence of N2a cells. Hcy-induced rats model also showed neuronal senescence in cortex along with elevated senescent markers.
Conclusions
Our data highlight a crucial role of Keap1-β-catenin pathway in Hcy-induced neuronal-like senescence and provide a promising target for AD treatment.
Ovine Endoscopic Ear Surgery - Accessible Smartphone-Based Training Model
Authors: Tamir Sharon Ovnat , Schwarz Yehuda , Gluck Ofer , Alkire Blake , Marom Tal , Kraus Oded 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Understanding middle ear anatomy, in addition to endoscopic surgical skill acquisition, is an arduous task. Mastering 3-dimensional conceptualization and surgical dexterity may take many years. The coronavirus pandemic has made training difficult and complicated due to social distancing and risk of aerosolized viral spread in cadaver dissection. In this study we suggest a smartphone-based endoscope ovine head cadaveric dissection which is a simple, safe, and affordable training model for residents as an initial step in otologic endoscopic surgery training.Methods: A stepwise depiction of endoscopic ovine middle ear surgery; from cadaver and equipment acquisition, setting preparation, to surgical explanation and procedural steps. Results: The smartphone-based endoscopic otological ovine dissection model provides a low-cost, easily accessible and easily deployable training model for the novice surgeon world-wide. This model permits the novice surgeon a comprehensive anatomical understanding, middle ear proprioception, as well as a "safe" practicing model for diverse middle ear procedures. Conclusions: The ovine cadaver otological smartphone-based endoscopic surgery training model is an affordable, easy, reproducible, and transportable model, which makes it an ideal model from implementation in both low-middle and high-income countries.
A Disposable DNA Analysis Chip with a Powerless Actuator
Authors: Han Kyungsup , Kim Insup , Chan Wei Xuan , Kim Sanglae , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Noh Jinhong , Kim Noori , Yoon Yong-Jin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A non-instrumented, single-use, affordable, and fully- yet safely-disposable DNA analysis system for Point Of Care (POC) diagnostic process has been proposed by integrating (1) a hydration-reactive mixture for a portable heating element as a powerless actuator, (2) commercially available optical adhesive films as valves, and (3) an exothermic reaction-based recombinant polymerase amplification (RPA) process for non-instrumented DNA amplification. The operational error tolerance of the adhesive valves was evaluated by gas production and long-lasting ability, and the amplification performance of the RPA device was validated by gel electrophoresis. Finally, a DNA analysis device was fabricated and tested based on a hydration reaction with a DNA extraction microfluidic channel and an exothermic reaction-based RPA device. In the DNA extraction process, dimethyl adipimidate (DMA) solution was used to eliminate some required injection steps from the extraction process. The integrated system's functionality was successfully demonstrated, and the suggested system could become a foundation for the ultimate total solution for POC DNA analysis.