bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Irrational Drug Consumption in Shiraz Households in 2019
Authors: Kavosi Zahra , Bordbar Shima , Negahdari Saeedeh , Ghaeminia Mostafa , Shahghasemi Seyedeh Neda 
Published: April 2022

Background: Medical experts believe that proper use of medicine in many cases results in the treatment of the disease. This study was conducted to determine the rate of irrational drug use in households in Shiraz in 2019. The criteria for rationality of drug use were as follows: 1. Using medicine for the existing disease- 2. Preparing medicine by visiting a doctor- 3. Appropriate storage location- 4. Unexpired drug- 5. Proper drug use.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional household survey conducted using a descriptive questionnaire based on the drug survey plan questionnaire in Oman by stratified random sampling. 156 households were surveyed. Data analysis was performed by t-test , ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficients and chi-square tests using SPSS-22 software.
Results: Out of 1944 items of medicine available in households, 542 items (27.9%) were used rationally and 1402 items (72.1%) were used or stored irrationally. Among the available drug categories, drugs related to cancer (80%) and heart (75.2%) disease had the highest rational use. Skin drugs (0%) and antibiotics (8.3%) had the most irrational use. There was also found a significant relationship between the rational consumption and the region where households lived (P-value≤0/001) (municipal regions), rational consumption and drug literacy for each drug, as well as rational consumption and how the drug was prepared (P-value ≤ 0/001).
Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it was found that in most households, drugs were accumulated irrationally. The high dispersion of medicine stored in households indicated the diversity and lack of a correct and coherent culture for consuming medicine among citizens and prescribing it among the medical community in Shiraz. It was then suggested that through more detailed educational planning, the health system and corresponding officials improve the pattern of drug use as well as its prescription. Furthermore, increasing people's awareness of how to use and maintain medicines can reduce their expenses.
Finite-time synchronization transmission of quantum signals between Jaynes-Cummings models based on coupling technology
Authors: Lü Ling , Zhao Lina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, the finite-time synchronization transmission of quantum signals between Jaynes-Cummings models is researched based on coupling technology. We first analyze the quantum properties of Jaynes-Cummings model. Based on these, we achieve the finite-time synchronization transmission of quantum signals between Jaynes-Cummings models, and design the adaptive law of coupling coefficient. Finally, numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the analytical results.
Dual-Attention Network with Aggregate Local Descriptors Vector for 3D Point Cloud Classification
Authors: Zhang Guodao , Zhou Jian , Weng Hangli , Ge Yisu , Ye MingTao , Li Xiaonan , Chen Ping-Kuo , Qiu Feiyue 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Contextual fine-grained local features play an essential position in 3D point cloud classification, and have not been utilized effectively in existing deep-learning-based models. Aiming to address this problem, a 3D point cloud classification network based on a dual attention mechanism with vector of locally aggregated descriptors(VLAD) is proposed. First, the neighbourhood fine-grained features and global information of the point cloud are mined by using a self-attention mechanism, and then the local geometric representation is learned by embedding a graph attention mechanism in a multilayer perceptron layer. To make the most of the features, a multiheaded mechanism is applied to aggregate different features from separate headers, and an effective key point descriptor is introduced to help identify the global geometry. Finally, the high-level semantic features of point clouds are obtained by the VLAD layers. Through extensive experiments, the model achieves 92.45% accuracy on the ModelNet40 dataset.
Antibiotic prescription rates for upper respiratory tract infections at the Alain ambulatory healthcare centers, United Arab Emirates (2014–2016)
Authors: Alneyadi Amna Matar , Alketbi Latifa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Antibiotic resistance has been a global issue over the last two centuries. According to the WHO report on antimicrobial resistance, the antibiotic overuse in primary healthcare practice is a major cause of increasing resistance to antibiotics. In the UAE, there have been no studies targeting the overuse of, or prescription rates for antibiotics in primary healthcare centers.Objective: To estimate the rate of antibiotic prescription for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in primary healthcare centers in the city of Alain for over a two-year period. To estimate the most common antibiotic used for URTI and to identify the determinants of giving particular antibiotics. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Settings: Data of all patients who visited ambulatory healthcare centers and received oral antibiotic prescriptions for URTIs, during the study period (November 2014–November 2016), were extracted from the medical electronic system, including patient demographics (age, gender), patient clinical examination (fever, presence of throat pain), and diagnostic assessments (rapid streptococcal antigen detection test, throat culture), diagnosis name and ICD 9 code, as well as the antibiotic name, dose and duration. Participants: All ambulatory healthcare centers in Alain were included in the study (n=18). Inclusion criteria: Patients who visited an ambulatory healthcare center in Alain during the study period, a diagnosis of URTI (acute pharyngitis, acute laryngitis, acute sinusitis, acute tonsillitis, acute otitis media, croup, acute nasopharyngitis), ICD 9 (462, 464, 461.9, 463, 465.9, 460, 382.9, 382.9), treated with oral antibiotics. Main outcomes and measures: The rate of antibiotic prescriptions for upper respiratory tract infections in primary healthcare centers. Results: Approximately 461,926 individual patient visits from 18 ambulatory healthcare were included in the analysis. Acute nasopharyngitis was the most common URTI (89%), followed by acute pharyngitis (26.3%). Antibiotic prescription rates were 45.9% during the two-year period, with amoxicillin-clavulanate being the most common antibiotic prescribed for URTI (55%), followed by azithromycin and cefdinir (17.8% and 6.5%, respectively). Antibiotics were most frequently prescribed in the winter, and were not variable among different age groups. The presence of diagnoses such as acute otitis media, acute pharyngitis, and acute tonsillitis were significantly higher in antibiotic prescription rate as compared to other conditions. Patients presenting with fever are much more likely to be given antibiotics as compared to without fever. Conclusion: The knowledge of data concerning antibiotic prescriptions in primary healthcare centers can help to conduct effective intervention, with a decrease in the misuse of antibiotics for common URTI.
Positive impact of high-throughput drug sensitivity assay and salvage autologous CD19 CAR-T therapy on second marrow relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with NT5C2 mutation
Authors: Tang Xue , Qin Lijiao , Wang Lulu , Jiao Cheng , Chen Fen , Zhou Guichi , Liu Shilin , Wang Ying , Liu Yuchen , Liu Sixi , Wen Feiqiu , Chang Lung-Ji , Mai Huirong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Recently, the five-year survival rate of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has reached 90%. However, recurrence remains common following treatment. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy has been shown to be effective in control of relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. Although lymphocyte-depleting conditioning chemotherapy, including fludarabine and cyclophosphamide, has increased the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy, reduction in the tumor load before CAR-T cell infusion is still a challenge. Case presentation: A 12-year-old girl diagnosed with intermediate risk B-ALL in 2017 received chemotherapy according to CCLG-2008 ALL protocol and achieved a complete remission (CR) after induction. However, four years later, she had a first bone marrow relapse and received treatment with HKPHOSG Relapsed ALL 2007 protocol. During maintenance chemotherapy, approximately one year after the first relapse, she developed a second bone marrow relapse with NT5C2 gene mutation detected. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the blasts were CD19 positive. Tumor burden was not well controlled after DEAV (dexamethasone, cytarabine, etoposide) chemotherapy, with the blasts in bone marrow increasing from 49.3% to 96%. The analysis of high-throughput drug sensitivity of tumor resistant genes was consistent with the poor response to chemotherapy. As the leukemia cells progressed rapidly with extremely high burden, CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy bridged to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was introduced at this stage. Following peripheral lymphocyte apheresis, the patient received lymphodepleting conditioning with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide three days before CAR-T cell infusion. Dexamethasone and carfilzomib were then given according to the outcome of high-throughput drug sensitivity test. Around 68.6% blasts were detected by flow cytometry at the day of CAR-T cell infusion. After infusion of CAR-T cells，the patient experienced grade 1 cytokine release syndrome without immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. CR of morphology and molecule biology was achieved on day 28 after CAR-T cell infusion. Finally, the child received haploid-HSCT and remained in remission. Conclusions：Overall, this report reveals that the combination of drug sensitivity test with lymphodepleting conditioning could significantly reduce the tumor burden before infusion of CAR-T cells, and as a result, patients may achieve deeper remission and obtain opportunity for transplantation.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04016129. Registered 11 July 2019, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04016129
Prediction of Prognosis, Immune Infiltration and Immunotherapy Response with N6-Methyladenosine-Related lncRNA Clustering Patterns in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Jia Haixia , Wang Jiahao , Wang Jintao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
LncRNAs and tumor microenvironment (TME) exert an important effect in antitumor immunity. Nonetheless, the role of m6A-related lncRNA clustering patterns in prognosis, TME and immunotherapy of cervical cancer (CC) remains unknown. Here, based on 7 m6A-related prognostic lncRNAs obtained from TCGA-CC dataset, two m6AlncRNA clustering patterns were determined. m6AlncRNA clusterA was characterized by immune cell infiltrates and immune activation. m6AlncRNA clusterB was characterized by enrichment of immune evasion and tumorigenic activation pathways as well as survival and clinical stage disadvantage. Then, principal component analysis algorithms were used to construct m6AlncRNAscore based on prognostic differentially expressed genes between two m6AlncRNA clusters to quantify m6AlncRNA clustering patterns. m6AlncRNAscore was an independent prognostic protective factor. Higher Th2 and Treg cells and enrichment of immunosuppressive pathways were observed in the low-m6AlncRNAscore group, with poorer survival. High-m6AlncRNAscore was characterized by increased infiltration of activated CD8 T cell, enrichment of immune activation pathways, lower IL-10 and TGF-beta1 levels, and higher immunophenscore values, indicating inflamed TME and better anti-tumor immunotherapy efficacy. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction was used for detection of m6A-related prognostic lncRNAs. Collectively, we identified two m6AlncRNA clustering patterns which play a nonnegligible role in the prognosis, TME heterogeneity and immunotherapy of CC patients.
Application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with energy plant, Pennisetum purpurenum, in cadmium and zinc contaminated soil
Authors: Sumranwanich Thitinun , Leartsiwawinyu Wasawat , Meeinkuirt Weeradej , Chayapan Parichat 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causes environmental problems by inhibiting plant growth and harming microbial communities. Cooperative interactions between plants and bacteria can promote the growth and survival of the two taxa in harsh environments. Plants have been shown to secrete nutrients for enhancing growth of certain bacteria. In return, these bacteria chelate toxic metals, dissolve minerals, produce auxin, or even fix nitrogen for plants. Our work explored the interactions between economically important plants and a bacterial community with potential to be a biofertilizer for cadmium contaminated areas. Experiments were performed in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. Three Napier grass (Pennisetum purpurenum) variants (Pak Chong 1, King Grass, and Emperor) were planted with the addition of selected microbial species, Klebsiella huaxiensis and Pantoea cypripedii, in contaminated soil from an agricultural area in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand. Each plant variant was separated into three groups; control, plants with P. cypripedii (Pc), and plants with K. huaxiensis (Kh). Solutions containing cadmium and zinc were added to each pot daily to simulate conditions at a contaminated site. After 60 days, Pc and Kh groups of all Napeir grass variants showed significantly higher plant growths than the controls. Total Cd uptakes of PCPc, PCKh, and KGPc were significantly higher than those in control groups, while Zn uptakes were significantly higher in KG and EM plants with the addition of Pc and Kh than other treatments. Growing Napier grass with the addition of Pc or Kh as biofertilizer in the cadmium and zinc contaminated agricultural area in Mae Sot District, Tak Province could be considered for high biomass production. Future field experiments for greater understanding of the heavy metal uptake and development of sustainable solutions are recommended.
Superior calyceal access versus other calyceal access in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Yucheng , Lin Lede , Luo Zhumei , Jin Tao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effectiveness and safety of superior calyceal access compared with other calyceal access in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods: This meta-analysis was carried out according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). We searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify relevant studies for this meta-analysis. Failed stone clearance event and complication event are two main outcomes, operation time and hospital stay time are two secondary outcomes. Relative data were extracted and assessed by using RevMan 5.3, Stata 15.0 and R 4.0.2.Results: 16 studies (8541 participants) were identified and included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated that superior calyceal access could offer less failed stone clearance than other calyceal access (OR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.47-0.88, P=0.006). No complication difference was found (OR: 1.10, 95%CI: 0.78-1.56, P=0.57). Superior calyceal access could offer shorter operation time (SMD: -0.57, 95%CI: -0.98, -0.15, P=0.007). No hospital stay difference was found (SMD: 0.07, 95%CI: -0.09, 0.22, P=0.38). Large heterogeneity was detected in stone clearance comparison (I2=71%, P<0.001) and operation time (I2=97%, P<0.001). Significant publication bias was also identified in stone clearance comparison (P=0.026). These defects weaken the credibility of results.Conclusion: Despite the considerable heterogeneity and publication bias, superior calyceal access in PCNL may bring better stone clearance rate, shorter operation time, with no increase in postoperative complication and hospital stay for patients with kidney stones. This finding still needs to be verified by larger randomized controlled trials.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of infection prevention and control precautions among hospital laboratory staff: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Aldhamy Haifa , Maniatopoulos Gregory , McCune Victoria L. , Mansi Ilaf , Althaqafy Majid , Pearce Mark S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundClinical laboratories provide diagnostic testing services to support the effective delivery of care in today's complex healthcare systems. Processing clinical material and the use of chemicals or radiation presents potential hazard to laboratory workers, from both biological and chemical sources. Nevertheless, the laboratory should be a safe workplace if the identification of possible hazards, clear guidelines, safety rules and infection prevention and control (IPC) precautions are applied and followed. The main aim of this systematic review was to identify, critically appraise and synthesise the research evidence to gain a clear explanation of the implementation, knowledge, attitude and practice of infection prevention and control guidelines among hospital laboratory staff. MethodsThe review is based upon a narrative synthesis of quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research papers that examine the implementation, knowledge, attitude and practice of infection prevention and control guidelines among hospital laboratory staff.ResultsAfter the full-text screening, a total of 34 articles remained and were included in the final review. The knowledge, attitude and practice of infection prevention and control, and biosafety guidelines were identified and grouped into several themes: awareness of IPC precautions; acceptability of IPC precautions; application of IPC precautions; perception of risk; exposure and post exposure prophylaxis; immunisation against infectious diseases; training and on infection prevention and control guidelines; associations between knowledge and practice; barriers and facilitators to poor practice and adherence. ConclusionThere is a gap between knowledge, attitude and practice related to the implementation of infection prevention and control guidelines which indicate that hospital laboratory staff may be at high risk of acquiring infections in the workplace. These findings suggest that training (including IPC precautions, safety policies, safety equipment and materials, safety activities, initial biohazard handling, ongoing monitoring and potential exposure) of hospital laboratory staff to increase their knowledge about IPC precautions could improve their use of these precautions.
The social cost of methane
Authors: Martin Jorge Garcia , Azar Christian , Johansson Daniel JA , Sterner Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A rapid and sustained reduction of methane emissions has been proposed recently as a key strategy to meet the climate targets of the Paris Agreement. The social cost of methane (SCM), which expresses the climate damage cost associated with an additional tonne of methane emitted, is a metric that can be used to designs policies to reduce the emissions of this gas. Here, we extend the DICE-2016R2 model so that it includes an improved carbon cycle and energy balance model as well as methane emissions, methane abatement cost, and an atmospheric methane cycle explicitly to be able to provide consistent estimations of the SCM. We estimate the SCM to lie in the range 820-7,400 USD/tCH4 in 2020, with a base case estimate of 3,700 USD/tCH4. We find our base case estimate to be larger than the average SCM presented in other studies mainly due to the revised damage function we use. We also estimate the social cost of carbon (SCC) and find that SCM estimates are less sensitive to variations in the social discount rate (SDR) than the SCC due to the relatively short lifetime of methane. The effect that changes in the damage cost have on both SCM and SCC is more similar. Further, we evaluate the ratio of SCM to SCC as an alternative metric to GWP-100 of CH4 to facilitate tradeoffs between these two gases. We find this ratio to lie in the range 6–30 in 2020, with a base case estimate of 19, based on an extensive sensitivity analysis with respect to the discount rate, damage cost, and underlying emission scenarios.
A Novel Hardmask-to-Substrate Pattern Transfer Method for Creating 3D, Multi-level, Hierarchical, High aspect-ratio Structures for Applications in Microfluidics and Cooling Technologies
Authors: Hazra Sougata , Zhang Chi , Wu Qianying , Asheghi Mehdi , Goodson Kenneth , Dede Ercan M. , Palko James , Narumanchi Sreekant 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This letter solves a major hurdle that mars photolithography-based fabrication of micro-mesoscale structures in silicon. Conventional photolithography is usually performed on smooth, flat wafer surfaces to lay a 2D design and subsequently etch it to create single-level features. It is, however, unable to process non-flat surfaces (already etched wafers) to create more than one level to give rise to multi-level, 3D, hierarchical structures in the substrate. In this study, we have described a novel cleanroom-based process flow that allows for easy creation of such multi-level, hierarchical structures in a substrate. This is achieved by introducing an ultra-thin sacrificial silicon dioxide hardmask layer on the substrate, which is first 3D patterned via multiple rounds of lithography. Then, this 3D pattern is scaled vertically by a factor of 200 – 300 and transferred to the substrate underneath via a single shot deep etching step. The proposed method is also easily characterizable. Using features of different topographies and dimensions, the etch rates and selectivities were quantified, these characterization information were later used while fabricating specific target structure. Furthermore, this study comprehensively compares the novel pattern transfer technique to already existing methods of creating multi-level structures, like grayscale lithography, chip stacking and double-sided etching. The proposed process was found to be cheaper, faster, and easier to standardize compared to other methods – this makes the overall process more reliable and repeatable. We hope it will encourage more research into hybrid structures that hold the key to dramatic performance improvements in several micro-mesoscale devices.