bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analyses of stochastic evolutionary game systems
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Yang Shuo , Guo Jin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Evolutionary game theory is a powerful tool for studying the frequency-dependent selection, where the success of one strategy depends on the frequency of all strategies. The classic theoretical approach is the replicator equation, where the strategy evolution is deterministic for infinitely large populations. However for the stochastic evolutionary systems of finite populations, one of the most difficult obstacles lies in making qualitative or quantitative analytical deductions about evolutionary outcomes. In this paper, we present a brief yet important report about quantitative analytical methods for finite-size evolutionary game systems, from the two perspectives of how to calculate fixation probabilities and stationary frequencies. Importantly, we not only review some crucial developments about theoretical approaches which were achieved in this field but also put forward two remarkable prospects for further research.
IGF-I Variability Over Repeated Measures in Patients With Acromegaly Under Long-Acting Somatostatin Receptor Ligands
Authors: Maione Luigi , Albrici Cristina , Grunenwald Solange , Mouly Céline , Cimino Vincenzo , Lecoq Anne-Lise , Souberbielle Jean Claude , Caron Philippe , Chanson Philippe 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
In patients with acromegaly on long-term treatment with long-acting somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs), the time of blood collection for IGF-I measurement after injection is not well defined.

Objective
We aimed to assess serum IGF-I dynamics and variability in SRL-treated patients compared with surgically cured patients and healthy controls.

Methods
Thirty patients under SRLs considered controlled based on a normal previous IGF-I level, 10 patients cured by pituitary surgery, and 7 healthy subjects underwent 4 weekly IGF-I determinations.

Results
In SRL-treated patients, the IGF-I SDS (mean ± SD) was higher just before injection (0.34 ± 0.66) than at Day 7 (−0.33 ± 0.61; P = 0.0041) and Day 14 (−0.23 ± 0.60; P = 0.047) after injection, but it did not significantly vary in cured patients and healthy controls. The IGF-I CV was higher in SRL-treated patients than in cured patients or healthy controls (14.4 ± 7.6% vs 7.9 ± 4.4% and 8.3 ± 3.2%, respectively; P &lt; 0.05 for both). Among SRL-treated patients, IGF-I CV was higher in “nonoptimally controlled patients”—i.e., patients with at least one elevated IGF-I value out of 4 (n = 9) compared with “optimally controlled” patients for whom all 4 IGF-I SDS values were &lt; 2.0 (21.3 ± 9.3 vs 11.6 ± 6.0%; P = 0.0019). The latter did not differ from surgically cured patients and healthy controls. The measurement at the farthest distance from the SRL injection was the most predictive of patients with nonoptimally controlled disease.

Conclusion
In patients treated with long-acting SRLs, IGF-I sampling at the farthest distance from SRL injection is the most informative and best predictor of optimal disease control.
A Founder Mutation in the POMC 5′-UTR Causes Proopiomelanocortin Deficiency Through Splicing-Mediated Decrease of mRNA
Authors: Viakhireva Iuliia , Kalinchenko Natalia , Vasilyev Evgeny , Chistousova Galina V , Filatova Alexandra , Marakhonov Andrey , Rubtsov Petr M , Skoblov Mikhail , Tiulpakov Anatoly 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
The syndrome of adrenal insufficiency, obesity, and red hair is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. The majority of disease-causing variants associated with the syndrome are located in the coding region of the POMC gene.

Objective
This work describes 7 unrelated patients who shared a novel homozygous mutation in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of the POMC gene and functionally characterize this novel variant.

Methods
Whole-exome sequencing (WES) with autozygosity mapping, Sanger sequencing, model expression system studies, and RNA sequencing were used for identification of the disease-causing variant and its subsequent functional characterization. Seven unrelated patients of the Perm Tatar ethnic group presented with hypoglycemia and excessive weight gain, low plasma adrenocorticotropin, and cortisol. Five of 7 children had red hair; 6 of 7 patients also showed signs of bronchial obstruction.

Results
WES showed shared autozygosity regions overlapping the POMC gene. Sanger sequencing of the POMC 5′-UTR detected a homozygous variant chr2:25391366C &gt; T (hg19) at the splice donor site of intron 1. As demonstrated by the model expression system, the variant led to a significant decrease in the POMC messenger RNA level. Analyses of the patients’ haplotypes were suggestive of the founder effect. We estimate that the mutation must have occurred at least 4.27 generations ago (95% CI, 0.86-7.67).

Conclusion
This report presents a new molecular mechanism of POMC deficiency and contributes to the information on phenotypic variability in patients with this disorder.
The Joint Secular Trends of Sleep Quality and Diabetes Among US Adults, 2005-2018
Authors: Wang Xuan , Ma Hao , Gupta Shaveta , Heianza Yoriko , Fonseca Vivian , Qi Lu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractContextSleep quality has been related to the risk of diabetes; however, little is known about the prevalence of diabetes in the United States according to the levels of sleep quality.ObjectiveTo examine the joint secular trends of the overall sleep quality and diabetes among US adults from 2005-2006 to 2017-2018.MethodsSeven cycles of cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data between 2005-2006 and 2017-2018 were included. Nonpregnant adults aged 20 years or older were eligible for the study. A healthy sleep score was calculated to represent overall sleep quality. The prevalence of diabetes was estimated and mean levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance were calculated.ResultsBoth the estimated age-standardized prevalence of diabetes and changing trend in prevalence of diabetes varied by the overall sleep quality groups. The highest prevalence of diabetes was consistently observed in the low sleep quality group in each cycle, in which a significantly increasing trend was also noted across cycles (P for trend = .004). In contrast, the lowest prevalence of diabetes was consistently observed in the high sleep quality group in each cycle, in which no increasing trend over time was observed (P for trend = .346).ConclusionsOverall sleep quality decreased significantly between 2005-2006 and 2017-2018 among US adults. The estimated prevalence of diabetes and related measures only increased in participants with low or medium overall sleep quality but remained stable in participants with high sleep quality.
Adipose and Skeletal Muscle Expression of Adiponectin and Liver Receptor Homolog-1 With Weight Loss and Aerobic Exercise
Authors: Ryan Alice S , Li Guoyan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
Adiponectin is an adipokine mainly secreted by adipocytes that regulates the metabolism of lipids and glucose. Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), also named NR5A2, is a nuclear receptor that regulates lipid metabolism and homeostasis.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare adiponectin and LRH-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in adipose tissue and LRH-1 expression in skeletal muscle between men and women at baseline and to study the effects of aerobic exercise (AEX) training or weight loss (WL) on their expression.

Methods
This hospital and university setting study included 62 overweight and obese men (n = 23) and women (n = 39) older than 45 years, of whom 41 completed 6 months of WL (n = 21) or AEX (n = 20). Outcomes included abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue and skeletal muscle gene expression.

Results
Adiponectin and LRH-1 mRNA expression in adipose tissue and LRH-1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle is higher in women than in men (P &lt; .05). Adiponectin mRNA expression in gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue did not change significantly after AEX or WL. LRH-1 mRNA expression increased both in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle after AEX (P &lt; .05) and the change in muscle LRH-1 was different between the groups (P &lt; .05). Adiponectin was positively correlated to LRH-1 in adipose tissue (P &lt; .001). The change in maximal oxygen consumption related to the change in LRH-1 mRNA (r = 0.43; P = .01).

Conclusion
LRH-1, as a nuclear reporter, may activate adiponectin mRNA expression in adipose tissue and increases after AEX.
Towards enhancing indoor environmental quality: a case of smart adaptive building envelopes in a coastal city
Authors: Abouebeid Sara , Hany Nermine , Mosaad Gihan 
Published: July 2022

Background: Earth's temperature has been rising since 1900, and the annual temperature has increased from 20°C to 24°C on the Mediterranean coastline. The external climate directly relates to indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and building performance, particularly in educational buildings. This paper proposes smart adaptive building envelopes (SABEs) as a potential solution for resilient architecture which is prone to unexpected weather patterns posed by climate change. Methods: A multi-dimensional criterion methodology is employed based on Egypt’s local climate, using SABEs to provide thermal comfort and natural daylight using minimum energy. The paper's novelty is in using a comparative methodology that is complemented with a software simulation (OpenStudio 3.0.1) to address the existing educational building design challenges in providing IEQ, and to assess the proposed SABE design’s performance, whilst providing better indoor thermal comfort and daylight. Results: The results show that the application of SABEs has led to significant reduction of the energy consumed, by 7.62% in summer and 5.42% in winter Conclusions: The implications of SABEs on IEQ in terms of thermal comfort and daylight are significant. SABEs also reduce energy consumption.
The legal implications of prenatal diagnosis in Malaysia
Authors: Kuek Chee Ying 
Published: July 2022

Background: Prenatal diagnosis enables detection of any disease or disability of the fetus during the pregnancy of a woman. Parents whose fetus is found to have a serious disorder from antenatal testing may terminate the pregnancy if it is permitted by the law or continue with the pregnancy to term. However, the chance of terminating a pregnancy may be denied if there is prenatal negligence by the medical practitioner in terms of diagnosis or failure to advise on the test results correctly. The purpose of this research is to examine the possible legal implications of prenatal diagnosis in Malaysia. Methods: This study adopts doctrinal legal research in which the researcher examines statutes and decided cases in Malaysia, the United Kingdom (UK) and Singapore relating to abortion, wrongful birth and wrongful life claims, in order to determine the legal implications of prenatal diagnosis in Malaysia. Results: In Malaysia, abortion following a prenatal diagnosis is only legally possible if the statutory criteria in the Penal Code are met. Abortion is illegal if it is not done for therapeutic purposes. A wrongful birth action brought by a woman who claims to be deprived of the opportunity to terminate her pregnancy may be successful in Malaysia, if it can be proven that a legal abortion could have been performed if not because of the prenatal negligence of the medical practitioner. However, a wrongful life action brought in the child’s name for being allowed to be born with a disability may not be viable since the claim could hardly be established and it is against the public policy. Conclusions: Theoretically, it is possible to bring a wrongful birth action resulted from negligence in prenatal diagnosis successfully in Malaysia, but the chance is relatively slim for wrongful life action.
METHODS OF NITROPYRIDINE SYNTHESIS
Authors: Ivanova Evgeniya V. , Nikishina Maria B. , Mukhtorov Loik G. , Shahkeldyan Irina V. , Atroshchenko Yuri M. 
Published: July 2022

Background. Pyridine derivatives are widely used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemistry, as well as in the production of new materials. The pyridine and piperidine rings are the main structural fragments of numerous natural alkaloids with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Many of these alkaloids have anticancer and anti-neurological and other medical activities and continue to be valuable research subjects to stimulate drug discovery. Highly efficient methods for the synthesis of various pyridine derivatives and piperidine enantiomers will continue to be in high demand. In this regard, the analysis and systematization of the main results of studies on the synthesis of nitropyridines is an urgent task.
Purpose. To summarize and systematize the main methods for the synthesis of pyridine nitro derivatives from the beginning of the last century to the present.
Materials and methods. To achieve this goal of the study, a review of the scientific literature on the main methods of obtaining nitropyridines was carried out.
Results. This literature review presents the results of experimental studies on the synthesis of pyridine nitro derivatives starting from the first half of the 20th century and up to the present time.
Conclusion. Thus, it was possible to summarize the scattered but rather extensive factual material accumulated to date on the preparation of pyridine nitro derivatives. Several main approaches to the synthesis are considered, starting from aliphatic compounds, by nitration of pyridine and its derivatives, as well as by oxidation of aminopyridines.
A Classical Search Game in Discrete Locations
Authors: Clarkson Jake , Lin Kyle Y. , Glazebrook Kevin D. 
Published: July 2022

Consider a two-person zero-sum search game between a hider and a searcher. The hider hides among n discrete locations, and the searcher successively visits individual locations until finding the hider. Known to both players, a search at location i takes ti time units and detects the hider—if hidden there—independently with probability [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. The hider aims to maximize the expected time until detection, whereas the searcher aims to minimize it. We prove the existence of an optimal strategy for each player. In particular, any optimal mixed hiding strategy hides in each location with a nonzero probability, and there exists an optimal mixed search strategy that can be constructed with up to n simple search sequences. Funding: This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [Grant EP/L015692/1] STOR-i Centre for Doctoral Training.
Escala de Discriminação Cotidiana para Adolescentes e Jovens: Adaptação e Evidências Psicométricas
Authors: Abreu Márcia Kelma de Alencar , Leme Vanessa Barbosa Romera , Fernandes Luana De Mendonça , Rocha Carolina Seixas da , Ximenes Verônica Morais , Freitas Daniela Fonseca de , Coimbra Susana 
Published: July 2022

A discriminação tem um impacto negativo na saúde mental e nos desfechos acadêmicos e socioemocionais das pessoas. Um dos instrumentos mais usados para medir a frequência de experiências de discriminação é a Escala de Discriminação Cotidiana. Contudo, esta escala não foi ainda adaptada ao contexto brasileiro. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar e validar a Escala de Discriminação Cotidiana em uma amostra de adolescentes e jovens brasileiros de nível socioeconômico baixo e descrever os motivos de discriminação mais prevalentes. Analisou-se as equivalências linguísticas e a estrutura factorial da escala. A amostra foi composta de 995 estudantes pobres, advindos do Ensino Fundamental de cinco escolas públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e de duas universidades públicas do Estado do Ceará, com idade entre 11 e 29 anos (M = 15,81, DP = 3,55), 54,8% constituída por mulheres (n = 522). A Análise Fatorial Exploratória realizada revelou uma estrutura unifatorial, com boa confiabilidade e validade. Os motivos de discriminação mais frequentes foram a aparência física e o nível socioeconômico. Os achados sugerem que a versão adaptada da escala apresenta qualidades psicométricas que permitem a sua utilização junto a adolescentes e jovens brasileiros.
When Doing Nothing is an Option: Self-correction of an Impacted Mandibular Second Premolar
Authors: Aruede Glenda , Yaqoob Nasreen , Smart Keith 
Published: July 2022

This case presents a rare example of self-correction of a deeply impacted mandibular second premolar (LR5) in a medically fit 14-year-old male patient, referred in 2017 regarding a retained deciduous lower right second molar (LRe). CBCT imaging highlighted that the origin of the ID canal was in direct contact with the inferior buccal aspect of the LR5 root apex. The decision was made to monitor the patient in 2 years. In the meantime, the dentist extracted the retained LRe as it was seen to be erupting on routine bitewing imaging. At his review appointment, the LR5 had spontaneously erupted. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To highlight the potential benefit of monitoring eruption in the event that high-risk surgery is the alternative option and involving the patient in the decision making.
The association of surgical approach and bearing size and type with dislocation in total hip arthroplasty for acute hip fracture
Authors: Rogmark Cecilia , Nåtman Jonatan , Jobory Ammar , Hailer Nils P. , Cnudde Peter 
Published: July 2022

Aims Patients with femoral neck fractures (FNFs) treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) have an almost ten-fold increased risk of dislocation compared to patients undergoing elective THA. The surgical approach influences the risk of dislocation. To date, the influence of differing head sizes and dual-mobility components (DMCs) on the risk of dislocation has not been well studied. Methods In an observational cohort study on 8,031 FNF patients with THA between January 2005 and December 2014, Swedish Arthroplasty Register data were linked with the National Patient Register, recording the total dislocation rates at one year and revision rates at three years after surgery. The cumulative incidence of events was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox multivariable regression models were fitted to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of dislocation, revision, or mortality, stratified by surgical approach. Results The cumulative dislocation rate at one year was 8.3% (95% CI 7.3 to 9.3) for patients operated on using the posterior approach and 2.7% (95% CI 2.2 to 3.2) when using the direct lateral approach. In the posterior approach group, use of DMC was associated with reduced adjusted risk of dislocation compared to 32 mm heads (HR 0.21 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.68); p = 0.009). This risk was increased with head sizes < 32 mm (HR 1.47 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.98); p = 0.010). Neither DMC nor different head sizes influenced the risk of revision following the posterior approach. Neither articulation was associated with a statistically significantly reduced adjusted risk of dislocation in patients where the direct lateral approach was performed, although this risk was estimated to be HR 0.14 (95% CI 0.02 to 1.02; p = 0.053) after the use of DMC. DMC inserted through a direct lateral approach was associated with a reduced risk of revision for any reason versus THA with 32 mm heads (HR 0.36 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.99); p = 0.047). Conclusion When using a posterior approach for THA in FNF patients, DMC reduces the risk of dislocation, while a non-significant risk reduction is seen for DMC after use of the direct lateral approach. The direct lateral approach is protective against dislocation and is also associated with a lower rate of revision at three years, compared to the posterior approach. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):844–851.
Peripheral nerves in the tibial subchondral bone
Authors: Sun Qi , Li Gen , Liu Di , Xie Wenqing , Xiao Wenfeng , Li Yusheng , Cai Ming 
Published: July 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent degenerative joint disorder characterized by joint pain and physical disability. Aberrant subchondral bone induces pathological changes and is a major source of pain in OA. In the subchondral bone, which is highly innervated, nerves have dual roles in pain sensation and bone homeostasis regulation. The interaction between peripheral nerves and target cells in the subchondral bone, and the interplay between the sensory and sympathetic nervous systems, allow peripheral nerves to regulate subchondral bone homeostasis. Alterations in peripheral innervation and local transmitters are closely related to changes in nociception and subchondral bone homeostasis, and affect the progression of OA. Recent literature has substantially expanded our understanding of the physiological and pathological distribution and function of specific subtypes of neurones in bone. This review summarizes the types and distribution of nerves detected in the tibial subchondral bone, their cellular and molecular interactions with bone cells that regulate subchondral bone homeostasis, and their role in OA pain. A comprehensive understanding and further investigation of the functions of peripheral innervation in the subchondral bone will help to develop novel therapeutic approaches to effectively prevent OA, and alleviate OA pain. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(7):439–452.
Hand and Wrist Trauma: Antimicrobials and Infection (HAWAII)
Authors: Wormald Justin C. R. , Rodrigues Jeremy N. , Cook Jonathan A. , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Costa Matthew L. ,   On behalf of the HAWAII Collaborative
Published: July 2022

Aims Hand trauma accounts for one in five of emergency department attendances, with a UK incidence of over five million injuries/year and 250,000 operations/year. Surgical site infection (SSI) in hand trauma surgery leads to further interventions, poor outcomes, and prolonged recovery, but has been poorly researched. Antimicrobial sutures have been recognized by both the World Health Organization and the National Institute for Clinical Excellence as potentially effective for reducing SSI. They have never been studied in hand trauma surgery: a completely different patient group and clinical pathway to previous randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of these sutures. Antimicrobial sutures are expensive, and further research in hand trauma is warranted before they become standard of care. The aim of this protocol is to conduct a feasibility study of antimicrobial sutures in patients undergoing hand trauma surgery to establish acceptability, compliance, and retention for a definitive trial. Methods A two-arm, multicentre feasibility RCT of 116 adult participants with hand and wrist injuries, randomized to either antimicrobial sutures or standard sutures. Study participants and outcome assessors will be blinded to treatment allocation. Outcome measures will be recorded at baseline (preoperatively), 30 days, 90 days, and six months, and will include SSI, patient-reported outcome measures, and return to work. Conclusion This will inform a definitive trial of antimicrobial sutures in the hand and wrist, and will help to inform future upper limb trauma trials. The results of this research will be shared with the medical community through high impact publication and presentation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(7):529–535.