bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering communication visibility in politically restrictive contexts: organizational social media use in China
Authors: Fu Jiawei Sophia , Cooper Katherine R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Increasing evidence reveals that social media visibility produces paradoxes in which actors simultaneously confront contradictory, even mutually exclusive, conditions. Yet limited research has explored how actors perceive these paradoxes and manage resulting tensions in a politically repressive context. Ubiquitous government oversight, information control, and Internet censorship may uniquely complicate paradoxes of visibility in non-Western environments. To address this gap, this research reconsiders the paradox(es) of visibility in politically restrictive contexts. Interview data from 50 social entrepreneurs and two field experts in China reveal the antecedents to visibility paradoxes, and suggest three novel forms of paradoxes: resource investment, public attention, and social change. We also show these paradoxes are interdependent such that one may be amplified or attenuated by the other paradoxes. Further, we identify three strategies for responding to these paradoxes and suggest implications for vulnerable actors in maintaining a public profile, especially in sensitive sociopolitical environments.
Identification of a novel deFADding activity in human, yeast and bacterial 5′ to 3′ exoribonucleases
Authors: Sharma Sunny , Yang Jun , Doamekpor Selom K , Grudizen-Nogalska Ewa , Tong Liang , Kiledjian Megerditch 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Identification of metabolite caps including FAD on the 5′ end of RNA has uncovered a previously unforeseen intersection between cellular metabolism and gene expression. To understand the function of FAD caps in cellular physiology, we characterised the proteins interacting with FAD caps in budding yeast. Here we demonstrate that highly conserved 5′-3′ exoribonucleases, Xrn1 and Rat1, physically interact with the RNA 5′ FAD cap and both possess FAD cap decapping (deFADding) activity and subsequently degrade the resulting RNA. Xrn1 deFADding activity was also evident in human cells indicating its evolutionary conservation. Furthermore, we report that the recently identified bacterial 5′-3′ exoribonuclease RNase AM also possesses deFADding activity that can degrade FAD-capped RNAs in vitro and in Escherichia coli cells. To gain a molecular understanding of the deFADding reaction, an RNase AM crystal structure with three manganese ions coordinated by a sulfate molecule and the active site amino acids was generated that provided details underlying hydrolysis of the FAD cap. Our findings reveal a general propensity for 5′-3′ exoribonucleases to hydrolyse and degrade RNAs with 5′ end noncanonical caps in addition to their well characterized 5′ monophosphate RNA substrates indicating an intrinsic property of 5′-3′ exoribonucleases.
Tinker, tailor, soldier, cell: the role of C-type lectins in the defense and promotion of disease
Authors: Arnold James N , Mitchell Daniel A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractC-type lectins (CTLs) represent a large family of soluble and membrane-bound proteins which bind calcium dependently via carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) to glycan residues presented on the surface of a variety of pathogens. The deconvolution of a cell’s glycan code by CTLs underpins several important physiological processes in mammals such as pathogen neutralization and opsonization, leukocyte trafficking, and the inflammatory response. However, as our knowledge of CTLs has developed it has become apparent that the role of this innate immune family of proteins can be double-edged, where some pathogens have developed approaches to subvert and exploit CTL interactions to promote infection and sustain the pathological state. Equally, CTL interactions with host glycoproteins can contribute to inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and cancer whereby, in certain contexts, they exacerbate inflammation and drive malignant progression. This review discusses the ‘dual agent’ roles of some of the major mammalian CTLs in both resolving and promoting infection, inflammation and inflammatory disease and highlights opportunities and emerging approaches for their therapeutic modulation.
Scrub Typhus: A Spatial and Temporal Analysis from South India
Authors: Kumar Madhan , Valiaveetil Koshy Alan , Chandran Jolly , Mohan Venkata Raghava , Chandrasekar K , Ghosh Urmi , Punnen Anu , Rose Winsley 
Published: July 2022

AbstractScrub typhus is a zoonotic rickettsial disease caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. The non-specificity of presentation, low index of suspicion and the poor availability of diagnostic tests often lead to delayed diagnosis and significant morbidity and mortality. Temperature, humidity, rainfall and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) on the spatio-temporal clustering of scrub typhus cases in children in three contiguous administrative districts in South India over 5 years were studied. A total of 419 children were diagnosed with scrub typhus during the study period. A surge of children with scrub typhus was noted when the NVDI ranged between 0.6 and 0.8 µm. Temperature, humidity and rainfall had a major role in the incidence of scrub typhus.
Significance of timing of therapeutic line on effectiveness of nivolumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Teishima Jun , Murata Daiki , Yukihiro Kazuma , Sekino Yohei , Inoue Shogo , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Mita Koji , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Kato Masao , Kajiwara Mitsuru , Shigeta Masanobu , Maruyama Satoshi , Moriyama Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Seiji , Matsubara Akio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to clarify the significance of therapeutic timing on the effectiveness of nivolumab for treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Marterials and methods
Fifty-eight patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab monotherapy were retrospectively studied. Patients who were treated with nivolumab as second-line therapy were included in the second-line group, while the others were included in the later-line group. The clinicopathological characteristics, effects of nivolumab, and prognoses of these groups were compared.

Results
Twenty and thirty-eight patients were included in the second-line and later-line groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in the distribution of International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consotium risk and other clinicopathological characteristics between the 2 groups. The proportion of patients whose objective best response was progressive disease in the second-line group was significantly lower than that in the later-line group (15% vs. 50%, p = 0.0090). The 50% progression-free survival with nivolumab in the second-line group was significantly better than that in the later-line group (not reached and 5 months, p = 0.0018). Multivariate analysis showed that the second-line setting was an independent predictive factor for better progression-free survival (p = 0.0028, hazard ratio = 0.108). The 50% overall survival after starting nivolumab in the second-line and later-line groups was not reached and 27.8 months, respectively (p = 0.2652).

Conclusions
The therapeutic efficacy of nivolumab as second-line therapy is expected to be better than that of later therapy.
Computer and Furniture Affecting Musculoskeletal Problems and Work Performance in Work From Home During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Du Tanghuizi , Iwakiri Kazuyuki , Sotoyama Midori , Tokizawa Ken 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesWe surveyed how home-working conditions, specifically furniture and computer use, affected self-reported musculoskeletal problems and work performance.MethodsQuestionnaires from 4112 homeworkers were analyzed. The relationship between subjective musculoskeletal problems or work performance and working conditions were determined by logistic regression analyses.ResultsMore than half the homeworkers used a work desk, work chair, and laptop computer. However, approximately 20% of homeworkers used a low table, floor chair/floor cushion, or other furniture that was different from the office setup. Using a table of disproportionate size and height, sofa, floor cushion, and floor chair were associated with neck/shoulder pain or low back pain. Disproportionate table and chair, floor cushion, and tablet computer were associated with poor work performance.ConclusionsDisproportionate desk and chair, floor cushion/chair, and computer with small screen may affect musculoskeletal problems and home-working performance.
Evaluation of Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality in Children Diagnosed With COVID-19
Authors: Üstündağ Gülnihan , Özyurt Gonca , Kara Aksay Ahu , Şahin Aslıhan , Ekemen Keleş Yıldız , Öztürk Yusuf , Şamlıoğlu Pınar , Eliaçık Kayı , Yılmaz Çiftdoğan Dilek 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 has affected individuals of all age groups, both physically and mentally. We aimed to determine anxiety and depression in children diagnosed with COVID-19. Fifty children aged 8 to 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in the study. The children were evaluated the revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, STAI form TX-I (state anxiety inventory), and STAI form TX-II (trait anxiety inventory). Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire was applied for one of the parents according to three different periods. The periods were established as before the pandemic, during the illness-quarantine process, and after the quarantine. We observed the highest scores for depression-anxiety and the poorest sleep quality during the quarantine period. The scores for depression-anxiety were lower, and sleep quality scores were higher in the prepandemic period compared with after the quarantine period. Measures should be taken to protect mental health for children with COVID-19.
Length of the Most Distal End of Head and Neck Defect to Axilla Affects Survival of Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Flap
Authors: Jung Eun Kyung , Jang Hye-Bin , Lee Joon Kyoo 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to determine factors affecting the survival of pedicled latissimus dorsi (LD) flap.

Materials and Methods:
Medical records of 20 pedicled LD flap patients for head and neck reconstruction by a single operator from 2015 to 2019 in a tertiary hospital were reviewed. Factors including flap size and pedicle’s length from the most distal end of the flap to the axilla (Fp) and from the most distal end of the defect to the axilla (Dfp) were assessed. Partial flap loss requiring procedures and total loss were considered as failure. Descriptive statistics, the Pearson χ2 test, and linear-by-linear association analysis were performed.

Results:
Seventy percent of patients showed success. There was no significant difference in various factors including preoperative body mass index, underlying diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, preoperative treatment either radiation or chemotherapy, lab results, and operation time between the survival and the failure group. Rotation arc (Dfp/Fp) showed significant difference between 2 groups (P=0.001). Unlike Fp, Dfp tend to be shorter on the success group (P=0.053).

Conclusions:
Low rotation arc through shorter Dfp affects survival of pedicled LD flap significantly.
Modified Simultaneous Double Eyelid Blepharoplasty and Ptosis Correction With a Single-Knot, Continuous, Nonincisional Technique
Authors: Chen Chun-Yu , Wu Yung-Hsiang , Wu Chien-Ju , Hsu Kuo-Feng , Chou Yu-Yu , Dun-Wei Huang , Chen Shyi-Gen 
Published: July 2022

Background:
“Double eyelid” blepharoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic operations among Asian populations. Some patients might present with concomitant mild to moderate blepharoptosis, even though they choose initially to undergo blepharoplasty for cosmetic reasons.

Objective:
Using nonincisional double eyelid surgery without ptosis correction tends to produce unsatisfactory results. We introduce our modified suture method for the simultaneous correction of blepharoptosis during double eyelid blepharoplasty.

Materials and Methods:
We carried out a retrospective review on 13 patients who underwent simultaneous nonincisional ptosis correction and double eyelid surgery, using a single-knot continuous technique, from January 2017 to December 2019. A superior tarsal (Müller’s) muscle tagging suture was utilized to achieve an accurate tucking during surgery and create a double upper lid fold simultaneously.

Results:
The mean patient age was 31.8 years (range=23–54), and 9 patients (69%) were female. The mean marginal reflex distance 1 increased from 2.46±0.36 mm preoperatively to 4.07±0.61 mm postoperatively with a statistically significant difference. Most patients showed favorable results with an average of 10.8 months of follow-up and minimal complications.

Conclusions:
This simultaneous double eyelid blepharoplasty technique using a single-knot, continuous, nonincisional technique is relatively easy and effective, with minimal downtime and few postoperative complications, and avoids scarring for patients with mild to moderate blepharoptosis.
Psychological impacts of COVID-19 outbreak in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: lankrew Tadele , Gelaw Belete 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease has led individuals in several medical, psychosocial and economic impacts among the majority of the society such as psychological distress, anxiety, depression, denial, panic, and fear. This pandemic is a disastrous health crisis and becoming a current public health emergency and affects several nations across the world. The widespread of COVID-19 has brought not only the risk of death but also major psychological pressure.The COVID-19 pandemic led individuals to unavoidable psychological distress, anxiety, depression, denial, panic, and fear. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health emergency concern, which is severely affected the community and influences the day-to-day life of individuals in Ethiopia. This systematic review used to investigate the pooled estimate on the psychological impact of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.ObjectiveThe main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to provide comprehensive evidence on the psychological impact of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis searched through Pub Med, Cochrane Library, Google, Google Scholar, and web of sciences. Data extracted by Microsoft Excel then statistical analyses done using STATA Version 14 software with a random-effects model. The funnel plot checked. The heterogeneity of the studies checked. Subgroup analysis done in relation to the study area and authors’ names.ResultsA total of 10 studies with 4,215 participants were included in this systematic review and the overall estimated psychological impact of coronavirus disease in Ethiopia was 42.50% (95% CI (31.18%, 53.81%). According to subgroup analysis, the highest estimated status of the psychological impact of coronavirus disease in Ethiopia are 66.40% and 16.20% in Addis Ababa and Amhara regions respectively.ConclusionThis systematic review revealed that the psychological impact of coronavirus disease in Ethiopia is 42.50%. Multiple education and training and adequate personal protective equipment supplies focusing on the psychological impact of COVID-19 should be avail properly for the community in Ethiopia.
Loss of aquaporin-4 results in glymphatic system dysfunction via brain-wide interstitial fluid stagnation
Authors: Gomolka Ryszard S. , Hablitz Lauren , Mestre Humberto , Giannetto Mike , Du Ting , Hauglund Natalie , Xie Lulu , Peng Weiguo , Martinez Paula Melero , Nedergaard Maiken , Mori Yuki 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe glymphatic system is a fluid transport network of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) entering the brain along arterial perivascular spaces, exchanging with interstitial fluid (ISF), ultimately establishing directional clearance of interstitial solutes. CSF transport is facilitated by the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels on the perivascular endfeet of astrocytes. Mice with genetic deletion of AQP4 (AQP4 KO) exhibit abnormalities in the brain structure and molecular water transport. Yet, no studies have systematically examined how these abnormalities in structure and water transport correlate with glymphatic function. Here we used high-resolution 3D magnetic resonance (MR) non-contrast cisternography, diffusion-weighted MR imaging (MR-DWI) along with intravoxel-incoherent motion (IVIM) DWI, while evaluating glymphatic function using a standard dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging to better understand how water transport and glymphatic function is disrupted after genetic deletion of AQP4. AQP4 KO mice had larger interstitial spaces and total brain volumes resulting in higher water content and reduced CSF space volumes, despite similar CSF production rates and vascular density compared to wildtype mice. The larger interstitial fluid volume likely resulted in increased slow but not fast MR diffusion scores and coincided with reduced glymphatic influx. This markedly altered brain fluid transport in AQP4 KO mice may result from a reduction in glymphatic clearance, leading to stagnation of ISF movement and enlargement of the interstitial space. Overall, diffusion MR is a useful tool to evaluate glymphatic function and may serve as valuable translational biomarker to study glymphatics in human disease.
De-differentiation and Proliferation of Artery Endothelial Cells Drive Coronary Collateral Development
Authors: Arolkar Gauri , K Sneha , Wang Hanjay , Gonzalez Karen M. , Kumar Suraj , Bishnoi Bhavnesh , Rios Coronado Pamela E. , Woo Y. Joseph , Red-Horse Kristy , Das Soumyashree 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCollateral arteries act as natural bypasses which re-route blood flow to ischemic regions and facilitate tissue regeneration. In an injured heart, neonatal artery endothelial cells orchestrate a systematic series of cellular events, which includes their outward migration, proliferation, and coalescence into fully functional collateral arteries. This process, called Artery Reassembly, aids complete cardiac regeneration in neonatal hearts, but is absent in adults. The reason for this age-dependent disparity in artery cell response is completely unknown. In this study, we investigated if regenerative potential of coronary arteries, like in cardiomyocytes, is dictated by their ability to de-differentiate. We performed single cell RNA sequencing of coronary endothelial cells and identified differences in molecular profiles of neonatal and adult endothelial cells. Neonates show significant increase in actively cycling artery cells that expressed prominent de-differentiation markers. Using both,in silicopathway analyses andin vivoexperiments, we show that cell cycle re-entry of pre-existing artery cells, subsequent collateral artery formation and cardiac function is dependent on arterial VegfR2. This sub-population of de-differentiated and proliferating artery cells is absent in non-regenerative P7 or adult hearts. Together, our data indicate that adult artery endothelial cells fail to drive collateral artery development due to their limited ability to de-differentiate and proliferate.
Germ-cell specific eIF4E1B regulates maternal RNA translation to ensure zygotic genome activation
Authors: Yang Guanghui , Xin Qiliang , Feng Iris , Dean Jurrien 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTranslation of maternal mRNAs is detected before transcription of zygotic genes and is essential for mammalian embryo development. How certain maternal mRNAs are selected for translation instead of degradation and how this burst of translation affects zygotic genome activation remains unknown. Using gene-edited mice, we document that the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family member 1B (eIF4E1B) is the regulator of maternal mRNA translation that ensures subsequent reprogramming of the zygotic genome. In oocytes, the germ-cell specific eIF4E1B binds to mRNAs encoding chromatin remodeling complexes as well as reprogramming factors to protect them from degradation and promote their translation in zygotes. These protein products establish an open chromatin landscape in one-cell zygotes and enable transcription. Our results define a program for rapid resetting of the zygotic epigenome that is regulated by maternal mRNA translation and provides new insight into the mammalian maternal-to-zygotic transition.
Structural rationale to understand the effect of disease-associated mutations on Myotubularin
Authors: Bhattacharyya Teerna , Ghosh Avishek , Verma Shailya , Raghu Padinjat , Sowdhamini Ramanathan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMyotubularin or MTM1 is a lipid phosphatase that regulates vesicular trafficking in the cell. The MTM1 gene is mutated in a severe form of muscular disease, X-linked myotubular myopathy or XLMTM, affecting 1 in 50,000 newborn males worldwide. There have been several studies on the disease pathology of XLMTM, but the structural effects of missense mutations of MTM1 are underexplored due to the unavailability of a crystal structure. MTM1 consists of three domains- a lipid-binding N-terminal GRAM domain, the phosphatase domain and a coiled-coil domain which aids dimerization of Myotubularin homologs. While most mutations reported to date map to the phosphatase domain of MTM1, the other two domains on the sequence are also frequently mutated in XLMTM. To understand the overall structural and functional effects of missense mutations on MTM1, we curated several missense mutations and performed in silico and in vitro studies. Apart from significantly impaired binding to substrate, abrogation of phosphatase activity was observed for a few mutants. Possible long-range effects of mutations from non-catalytic domains on phosphatase activity were observed as well. Coiled-coil domain mutants have been characterised here for the first time in XLMTM literature.Author SummaryX-linked myotubular myopathy is a rare paediatric disorder and affected males suffer neonatal death or may live on only with ventilatory support. In this study, we employed a range of approaches to understand the molecular level effects of patient-derived mutations on an enzyme directly linked to the congenital muscular disorder. Using three-dimensional modelling and simulations, the effect of these mutations on the structure of the enzyme and its ability to bind its substrate was studied. To complement theoretical observations, experiments were performed with cells expressing this enzyme and its mutants. These studies reveal that each part of the protein may directly or indirectly affect its enzyme activity and most of the patient-derived mutations are expressed insufficiently in the cell. With the advent of genome sequencing technology, identification of congenital mutations is easier; computational studies of molecular consequences of mutations on a protein function such as this will prove immensely useful in understanding the disease and its prognosis.