bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fairy ring‐induced soil potassium depletion gradients reshape microbial community composition in a montane grassland
Authors: Rodríguez Antonio , Ibáñez Mercedes , Bol Roland , Brüggemann Nicolas , Lobo Agustín , Jimenez Juan José , Ruess Liliane , Sebastià M.‐Teresa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFairy rings promoting circular greening belts in the vegetation can shape soil microbial communities by altering soil conditions. Knowledge about soil variables involved in this process is incomplete. We characterised the soil microbial communities of six fairy rings in a montane grassland using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling, and studied if changes in soil properties corresponded to changes in soil microbial PLFA patterns. Exchangeable potassium (K) decreased inside the current rings, while soil moisture increased in the zones where the greening belts were two years before sampling (R2015). Fairy ring associated changes in PLFA composition were highly related to soil K. Gram‐negative bacteria were associated with the zones outside the ring with the highest K content, whereas Gram‐positive bacteria proportions increased inside the ring‐affected zones. An environmental stress indicator, the iso to anteiso ratio of PLFA 17:0, decreased in the R2015 zones, coinciding with the highest soil moisture contents. Our findings highlight the unreported importance of soil K in fairy ring dynamics affecting microbial communities. This common omission could lead to incorrect conclusions. Hence, the effects of fairy rings on soil should be further tested.Highlights
Exchangeable potassium (K) decreased inside the current fairy rings.
Fairy ring associated changes in PLFA microbial composition were present related to soil K.
Soil moisture increased in the zones where the rings were 2 years before sampling.
An environmental stress indicator decreased in those areas.
Rare sudden unexpected death in epilepsy SCN5A variants cause changes in channel function implicating cardiac arrhythmia as a cause of death
Authors: Soh Ming S. , Bagnall Richard D. , Semsarian Christopher , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Reid Christopher A. 
Published: April 2022

SummarySudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a leading cause of premature death in epilepsy. The underlying pathological mechanisms are likely to be multifactorial. Cardiac arrhythmia has been suggested as a cause of death in some patients with SUDEP. SCN5A encodes the cardiac Nav1.5 sodium channel. SCN5A variants that result in either loss or gain of channel function cause cardiac arrhythmias. Rare SCN5A variants have been reported in SUDEP cases, but the impact of these variants on channel function is unknown. Here, we use whole‐cell voltage clamp recordings to perform functional analyses of rare SCN5A SUDEP variants, p.V223G, p.I397V, and p.R523C. Expression and biophysical properties, including activation, inactivation, and recovery from inactivation, were probed. Each SCN5A variant significantly impacted human NaV1.5 channel function, indicating that they could cause cardiac arrhythmias. The patient carrying the p.R523C variant was on lamotrigine, an antiseizure medication implicated in SUDEP. Therapeutic concentration of lamotrigine caused a slowing of the rate of recovery from inactivation and a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage of inactivation of human NaV1.5 wild‐type, but not p.R523C channels, implicating a gene‐by‐drug interaction. These data suggest that SCN5A arrhythmogenic variants may confer increased risk of sudden death in individuals with epilepsy.
Female preferences for conspecific males indicate reproductive isolation between sympatric Labeotropheus Ahl from Lake Malaŵi
Authors: Pauers Michael J. , Grudnowski Jacob A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn sexually reproducing taxa, reproductive isolation is key to speciation. Given the speed with which behavioral reproductive isolation evolves, this form of isolation is of particular importance to rapidly evolving species. Here we examine behavioral reproductive isolation in a sympatric, congeneric pair of rock‐dwelling cichlids from Lake Malaŵi, testing the hypothesis that females should prefer conspecific males. We used a pair of Labeotropheus, L. fuelleborni Ahl and L. trewavasae Fryer, from the Chidunga Rocks in southwestern Lake Malaŵi, to test this hypothesis, with the prediction that females would approach conspecific males more frequently than they would heterospecific males. When given a choice between a male L. fuelleborni and L. trewavasae, we found that females did approach males of their own species more frequently than males of the opposite species, and that differences in length and the number of eggspots on the anal fin between the stimulus males had no effect on a female's choice. These results are consistent with behavioral reproductive isolation between these sympatric species, and add further support to the hypothesis that sexual selection played a key role in the speciation of cichlid fishes from Lake Malaŵi.
When not teaming up puts parents at risk: Coparenting and parental burnout in dual‐parent heterosexual families in Switzerland
Authors: Favez Nicolas , Max Aline , Bader Michel , Tissot Hervé 
Published: April 2022

AbstractParental burnout refers to loss of energy and pleasure in the parental role. It is predictive of psychopathological outcomes in parents and dysfunctional parenting behaviors. Support of parental duties is central to alleviation of parental burden and prevention of burnout. Coparenting is the concept related to interparental mutual support in rearing a child. However, the links between coparenting and parental burnout have yet to be assessed. We thus aimed in this study to assess which dimensions of coparenting are linked with parental burnout. A total of 306 participants from the French‐speaking part of Switzerland (120 fathers, 186 mothers) completed online questionnaires about parental burnout, their coparental relationship, and sociodemographic characteristics. We performed hierarchical regressions, entering sociodemographic characteristics in a first block and coparenting dimensions in a second block. Results showed that (i) a higher number of children and having younger children are linked to higher burnout; (ii) coparenting exposure to conflict is related to higher burnout, whereas endorsement of the partner's parenting is related to lower burnout; and (iii) no interaction effect occurs between sociodemographic characteristics and coparenting variables. Coparenting thus significantly contributes to the occurrence of burnout syndrome. Working on the coparental relationship preventively in parental educational programs or at a relational systemic level in therapy may help prevent burnout. Treating one parent only may not be sufficient to alleviate burnout, as negative coparenting could counter the effect of individual therapy.
Very high cycle fatigue behaviors of GH4169 superalloy at room and high temperatures
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Teng Zhenjie , Wang Jingyu , Huang Zhiyong , Münstermann Sebastian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe fatigue behavior of a Ni‐based superalloy of grade GH4169 has been investigated at room temperature and high temperature (RT and HT) up to a very high cycle regime using ultrasonic and electromagnetic fatigue systems. The experiments reveal that mixed‐mode cracking occurred in the first crack growth stage at HT. It was followed by a horizontal crack propagation stage regardless of the initial orientation of the crack. Complex pod‐like structures occur in the grain after being loaded by a large number of cycles at RT. These structures are induced by the interaction of dislocation movement with γ″ precipitates. With the help of transmission electron microscopy investigations, it could be shown that shear bands indicate that the sliding movement dominates the superalloy's microstructure variation.
Identifying the microstructural features associated with void nucleation during elevated‐temperature deformation of copper
Authors: Noell Philip J. , Deka Nipal , Sills Ryan B. , Boyce Brad L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe microstructural‐scale mechanisms that produce cracks in metals during deformation at elevated temperatures are relevant to applications that involve thermal exposure. Prior studies of cavitation during high‐temperature deformation, for example, creep, suffered from an inability to directly observe the microstructural evolution that occurs during deformation and leads to void nucleation. The current study takes advantage of modern high‐speed electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) detectors to observe cavitation in oxygen‐free, high‐conductivity copper in situ during deformation at 300°C. Most voids formed at the triple junction between a twin boundary and a high‐angle grain boundary (HAGB). This finding does not contradict previous studies that suggested that twins are resistant to cracking—it reveals that cracks in HAGBs originate at twin/HAGB triple junctions and that cracks preferentially grow along HAGBs rather than the accompanying twins. Atomistic simulations explored the origins of this observation and suggest that twin/HAGB triple junctions are microstructural weak points.
Assessing the vulnerability of plant functional trait strategies to climate change
Authors: Andrew Samuel C. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Wright Ian J. , Mokany Karel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimOur ability to understand how species may respond to changing climate conditions is hampered by a lack of high‐quality data on the adaptive capacity of species. Plant functional traits are linked to many aspects of species life history and adaptation to environment, with different combinations of trait values reflecting alternate strategies for adapting to varied conditions. If the realized climate limits of species can be partially explained by plant functional trait combinations, then a new approach of using trait combinations to predict the expected climate limits of species trait combinations may offer considerable benefits.LocationAustralia.Time periodCurrent and future.MethodsUsing trait data for leaf size, seed mass and plant height for 6,747 Australian native species from 27 plant families, we model the expected climate limits of trait combinations and use future climate scenarios to estimate climate change impacts based on plant functional trait strategies.ResultsFunctional trait combinations were a significant predictor of species climate niche metrics with potentially meaningful relationships with two rainfall variables (R2 = .36 & .45) and three temperature variables (R2 = .21, .28, .30). Using this method, the proportion of species exposed to conditions across their range that are beyond the expected climate limits of their trait strategies will increase under climate change.Main conclusionsOur new approach, called trait strategy vulnerability, includes three new metrics. For example, the climate change vulnerability (CCV) metric identified a small but important proportion of species (4.3%) that will on average be exposed to conditions beyond their expected limits for summer temperature in the future. These potentially vulnerable species could be high priority targets for deeper assessment of adaptive capacity at the genomic or physiological level. Our methods can be applied to any suite of co‐occurring plants globally.
Caregivers of children feel confident about using the Internet for health information
Authors: Delemere Emma , Maguire Rebecca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers of children may rely on internet sources, health care providers, peers or family for health information.ObjectiveTo examine the impact of sociodemographic factors on the use of the internet for health information by caregivers of children, and the impact on self‐efficacy, effort and frustration.MethodsUsing data from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey, the effects of information source on self‐efficacy, effort and frustration was examined using the complex samples module of SPSS.ResultsThe internet was the most common source of health information for caregivers of children (n = 247), with high confidence, low frustration and effort reported. Younger, higher educated and higher income caregivers were significantly more likely to use the internet for health information. Information from Health Care Providers (HCPs) was associated with greater confidence, and information from peers associated with lesser effort and frustration. No significant effects on self‐efficacy, effort or frustration for online health information was noted compared to other sources.ConclusionsEfforts to reduce barriers to online health information may be required for some groups of caregivers, and health care providers may have a role to play in this.
Ex vivo—In vivo correlation of retinol stratum corneum penetration studies by confocal Raman microspectroscopy and tape stripping
Authors: Krombholz Richard , Fressle Stefanie , Lunter Dominique 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSkin penetration studies of topically applied drugs are a challenging topic in the development of semisolid formulations. The most commonly used methods can be differentiated by their character into ex vivo/in vivo, invasive/non‐invasive and offline/in‐line measurements. In this study, we compare ex vivo tape stripping, an invasive technique, which is often used, to confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM), ex and in vivo, to establish a correlation between those methods. Retinol was used as a model drug, applied in an oil‐in‐water emulsion, to compare the skin penetration profiles obtained by the different methods.
Analysis of 275 DIY recipes for eye cosmetics and their possible safety issues
Authors: Couteau Céline , Girard Emma , Coiffard Laurence 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSome consumers have become very suspicious of certain health products such as medicines, medical devices and cosmetics. This can lead them to choose to make such products themselves. The aim of this work was therefore to analyse recipes for eye makeup and makeup removal products, as well as eyelash and eye contour care products. We collected recipes for do‐it‐yourself products found on blogs and social media (YouTube channels, Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram and TikTok) in French and English and then analyse their composition as well as how practical it is to make these recipes. We compiled and studied 275 recipes for products that can be used in or around the eye (periocular area). This work has shown that the quantities of the various ingredients are very imprecise, that the proposed substances are not suitable for the intended use and that the preservation of the finished products is not sufficiently guaranteed. The results obtained suggest that recipes for products intended for use in the eye or in the periocular area are not safe to use and that their use is likely to have relatively serious consequences.
The effect of age on the magnitude and longevity of Th1‐directed CD4 T‐cell responses to SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Nattrass Ryan G. , Krafft Lisa , Zjablovskaja Polina , Schuster Marc , Kasmapour Bahram , Sarisoy Cem , Minich Jessica , Bach Elena , Streeck Hendrik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAge is associated with changes in the immune system which increase the risk for severe COVID‐19. Here, we investigate SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive CD4 T cells from individuals recovered from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with mild COVID‐19 symptoms after 3, 6 and 9 months using incubation with SARS‐CoV‐2 S1, S2 and N‐peptide pools, followed by flow cytometry for a Th1‐activation profile or proliferation analyses. We found that SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive CD4 T cells are decreasing on average after 9 months but highly polyfunctional CD4 T cells can peak after 6‐month recovery. We show that individuals older than 60 years of age have significantly more SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive T cells in their blood after 3 months of recovery compared to younger individuals and that the percentage of SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive Th1‐directed CD4 T cells in the blood of mild‐COVID‐19‐recovered individuals correlates with age. Finally, we show that individuals over the age of 40 have significantly increased the amounts of highly polyfunctional SARS‐CoV‐2‐S‐peptide‐reactive CD4 T cells, compared to SARS‐CoV‐2 naïve individuals, than those under the age of 40. These findings suggest that in individuals recovered from mild COVID‐19, increased age is associated with significantly more highly polyfunctional SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive CD4 T cells with a Th1‐profile and that these responses persist over time.
Plagiarism among nursing students: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fadlalmola Hammad Ali , Elhusein Amal Mohamed , Swamy D. S. Veerabhadra , Hussein Mohammed Khalid , Mamanao Daniel Mon , Mohamedsalih Wahieba Eltegani 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo summarize the findings from literature regarding the prevalence of plagiarism and its various types, knowledge, and attitudes of students toward plagiarism, factors associated with plagiarism, and the applied interventions to decrease the incidence of plagiarism.BackgroundPlagiarism is a major form of academic dishonesty practiced by students at all educational levels.IntroductionAcademic dishonesty was defined as any unauthorized help that adds to students' formal academic performance. These dishonest behaviors can be categorized as falsifying information, hiding errors, collaborating with colleagues when not allowed, and plagiarism.MethodsSystematic search of databases was conducted in September 2021 to identify studies that discussed plagiarism in nursing studies. We included 31 studies in this systematic review and meta‐analysis, with a total of 9,175 nursing students. The analysis was conducted using RevMan software.ResultsPlagiarism was the most frequent academic misconduct among nursing students (practiced by 55.3%). Paraphrasing without referencing was the most practiced form (39.53%), while submitting others' work without acknowledgment was the least one (9.61%). Most students were aware of the concept of plagiarism (80.8%) and had positive ethical attitudes toward it (88.26%). Plagiarism was negatively associated with age, parenting, and completing semester credits. However, it was positively correlated with average grades and liberal educators. Plagiarism was a significant predictor of clinical misconduct.DiscussionA gap in the students' knowledge and skills were noticed. These gaps may be contributing to the high occurrence of plagiaristic acts, besides the unethical attitudes.ConclusionPlagiarism is a serious academic misconduct practice that can be associated with subsequent clinical misconduct. There is a need to fill the knowledge and skills gap, and to set effective policies.Implication for nursing and health policyIn their attempts to eliminate plagiarism, nurse educators are encouraged to provide effective educational training and practical tasks, in order to fill the gaps in knowledge and skills. Additionally, implementing clear and effective punishment policies would prevent intentional plagiaristic acts. This would aid in introducing qualified nurses accountable for the health of patients.
Effect of Chinese herbal topical medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion on pressure ulcer wound healing: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Feida , Chen Mingxu , Du Jia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of Chinese herbal topical medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion on pressure ulcer wound healing. A systematic literature search up to January 2022 was done and 13 studies included 1073 subjects with pressure ulcer wound at the start of the study; 593 of them were using traditional Chinese medicine treatments, and 480 were control for pressure ulcer wound. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the effect of Chinese herbal topical medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion on pressure ulcer wound healing by the dichotomous methods with a random or fixed‐influence model. Traditional Chinese medicine treatments had significantly higher complete healing (OR, 5.94; 95% CI, 3.94–8.95, P < .001), and curative ratio post‐treatment (OR, 4.79; 95% CI, 2.62–8.76, P < .001) compared with control for subjects with pressure ulcer wound. Traditional Chinese medicine treatments had a significantly higher complete healing and curative ratio post‐treatment compared with control for subjects with pressure ulcer wounds. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
Effects of season and water type on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Ent. faecium from surface and reclaimed water
Authors: Solaiman Sultana , Patterson Rebecca , Davey Kaitlyn , Katz Yisrael , Payne-Sturges Devon , Sapkota Amy R. , Micallef Shirley A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the safety of irrigation water sources based on phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterococcus spp., a potential environmental reservoir for AMR determinants.

Methods and Results
Eleven sites representing fresh and brackish water rivers, ponds and reclaimed water, were sampled over 2 years. Samples (n = 333) yielded 198 unique isolates of Ent. faecalis and Ent. faecium which were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by microbroth dilution. Species distribution was influenced by water type and season. Enterococcus faecalis was more likely found in freshwater rivers and in summer, and Ent. faecium in reclaimed water and in spring. Only 11% of isolates were pansusceptible, while 48.5% and 26.3% were single (SDR) and multidrug resistant (MDR), respectively. MDR was more likely detected in Ent. faecium than Ent. faecalis. Winter isolates were more likely than summer isolates to exhibit MDR than SDR.

Conclusions
Enterococcus faecalis and Ent. faecium in surface and reclaimed water exhibited diverse phenotypic AMR and a low-level resistance to clinically important antimicrobials such as ampicillin, vancomycin and linezolid.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Single and multidrug resistance in E. faecalis and E. faecium varied by season but not water type. Antimicrobial resistance prevalence can assist decisions on the safety of irrigation water sources for fresh produce crops.