bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive hemispheric atrophy in HIV: A Rasmussen's‐like variant of CD8 encephalitis?
Authors: Thom Maria , Warner Graham , Williamson Marie , Limb Simon , Sheaff Michael , Patodia Smriti , Somani Alyma , Kumar Atul , Gaulard Philippe , Adle‐Biassette Homa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

We report two cases of progressive lateralising encephalopathy in adult patients with treated HIV in the absence of opportunistic infection or vasculitis.
One case was characterised by CD8 cortical infiltrates and was steroid responsive and may represent a variant of CD8 encephalitis.
The other case presented with focal seizures and episodes of status epilepticus and pathology showed severe cortical atrophy with features reminiscent of the chronic phase of Rasmussen's encephalitis.
Physiological responses of black locust‐rhizobia symbiosis to water stress
Authors: Yuan Hui , Hu Bin , Liu Zhenshan , Sun Hongguang , Zhou Mi , Rennenberg Heinz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study explores the interaction of water supply and rhizobia inoculation on CO2 and H2O gas exchange characteristics, physiological and biochemical traits in seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia L. originating from two provenances with contrasting climate and soil backgrounds: the Gansu Province (GS) in northwest China and the Dongbei region (DB) of northeast China. Rhizobia strains were isolated from the 50‐years old Robinia forest sites grown in the coastal region of east China. Robinia seedlings with and without rhizobia inoculation were exposed to normal water supply, moderate drought, and rewatering treatments, respectively. After 2 weeks of drought treatment, photosynthetic and physiological traits (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, stable isotope signature of carbon, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content) of Robinia leaves were significantly altered, but after rewatering, a general recovery was observed. Rhizobia inoculation significantly increased the drought resistance of both Robinia provenances by promoting photosynthesis, increasing the foliar N content and reducing the accumulation of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Among the two provenances, DB plants developed more nodules than GS plants, but GS plants were more drought‐tolerant than DB plants, both inoculated or noninoculated, indicated by the foliar gas exchange parameters and biochemical traits studied. Our results also show that inoculation of rhizobia could significantly improve the drought resistance of Robinia in both provenances. The present study contributes to the scientific background for the selection of drought‐resistant varieties of Robinia to ensure the success of future afforestation projects in degraded terrestrial ecosystems under global climate change.
Lifeline Crisis Chat: Coding form development and findings on chatters’ risk status and counselor behaviors
Authors: Lake Alison M. , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas , Aspden Rebecca , Kleinman Marjorie , Hoyte‐Badu Amanda M. , Galfalvy Hanga , Gould Madelyn S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a reliable tool for the abstraction of data from crisis chat transcripts; to describe chatters’ suicide risk status and selected counselor behaviors; and to examine the relationship of chatters’ self‐reported pre‐chat suicidal thoughts to counselor behaviors and to chatters’ disclosures of suicide risk during the chat conversation.MethodsCoders used an instrument developed for this study to abstract data from 1034 crisis chats handled by the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline Crisis Chat network in 2015. The relationship of transcript coding data to data from an automated pre‐chat survey (PCS) was examined.ResultsLifeline Crisis Chat serves a young (median age = 21), high‐risk population: 84.0% of chats (869/1034) came from chatters endorsing current or recent suicidal thoughts on the PCS. Counselors engaged in rapport‐building on 93.3%, problem‐solving on 70.1%, and suicide risk assessment on 67.7% of these 869 chats. Counselor risk assessment behavior, and the availability of information on suicide risk in the chat transcript, varied significantly by the chatter's PCS response.ConclusionCrisis counselors are able to implement keystones of Lifeline's crisis intervention model over the medium of online chat. Additional efforts are needed to ensure that suicide risk is assessed on every chat.
Comparison of success rate and time to obtain venous cannulation by cutdown technique at 3 locations using canine cadavers
Authors: Jones Nadine , Handel Ian G. , Llewellyn Efa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the success rates and time taken to cannulate the jugular, cephalic, and lateral saphenous veins using a cutdown technique by personnel with 4 different levels of experience.DesignProspective ex vivo study.SettingVeterinary university teaching hospital.AnimalsEighteen canine cadavers.InterventionsRecently euthanized canine patients that were donated to the hospital for research purposes between October 2019 and March 2020 were enrolled. Four groups of personnel participated in the study to give 4 varying levels of experience: 8 final year veterinary students, 2 registered veterinary nurses, 1 emergency and critical care intern and 1 ACVECC diplomate. Each cannula placer had 5 minutes to attempt cannulation by venous cutdown at each site. Time to venous cannulation (VC) was compared for each site and group and complications encountered during each attempt recorded.Measurements and Main ResultsThe overall success rate for cannulation of the jugular, cephalic, and lateral saphenous veins were 81%, 84%, and 87%, respectively. The median times for venous cutdown for all personnel were as follows: jugular vein 119 s (range 51–280 s), cephalic vein 82 s (range 39–291 s), and lateral saphenous vein 110 s (range 41–294 s). There was no difference in time to VC between veins. When comparing personnel at the 3 cannulation sites, the ACVECC diplomate was faster than the registered veterinary nurses and students (P = 0.042 and P = 0.048, respectively). No differences were found between any other groups. Complications encountered often related to cadaver factors such as hematoma from antemortem venipuncture.ConclusionsAll groups were able to perform venous cutdown at each site with good overall success even without prior experience of the technique. VC by cutdown technique of the jugular, cephalic, or lateral saphenous veins may be considered in an emergency setting by personnel of various skill levels.
Enhanced precipitation in the Gulf of Mexico during the Eocene–Oligocene transition driven by interhemispherical temperature asymmetry
Authors: Hou Mingqiu , Zhuang Guangsheng , Ellwood Brooks B. , Liu Xiao-lei , Wu Minghao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStudies reveal that the sea-surface temperature (SST) of the Northern Hemisphere decreased at a smaller amplitude than that of the Southern Hemisphere during the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT). This interhemispheric temperature asymmetry has been associated with intensified Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) that may have driven enhanced precipitation and weathering in low latitudes and the subsequent drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, no quantitative constraints on paleo-precipitation have been reported in low latitudes to characterize the AMOC effect across the EOT. Here, we present the results of high-resolution (ca. 6 k.y. per sample) isotopic and biomarker records from the Gulf of Mexico. Reconstructed precipitation using leaf wax carbon isotopes shows an increase of 44% across the EOT (34.1–33.6 Ma), which is accompanied by a secular increase in SST of ~2 °C during the latest Eocene. We attribute the enhanced precipitation in the Gulf of Mexico to the northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone that was driven by an enlarged polar-tropic temperature gradient in the Southern Hemisphere and an invigorated AMOC. Our findings link changes in meridional temperature gradient and large-scale oceanic circulation to the lowlatitude terrestrial hydroclimate and provide paleohydrological evidence that supports CO2-weathering feedback during the EOT “greenhouse” to “icehouse” transition.
Biotite as a recorder of an exsolved Li-rich volatile phase in upper-crustal silicic magma reservoirs
Authors: Ellis B.S. , Neukampf J. , Bachmann O. , Harris C. , Forni F. , Magna T. , Laurent O. , Ulmer P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The magmatic-hydrothermal transition is key in controlling the fate of many economically important elements due to the change in partitioning when melt and magmatic fluid coexist. Despite its increasing economic importance, the behavior of lithium (Li) in such environments remains poorly known. We illustrate how compositionally unusual biotites from the rhyolitic Bishop Tuff (California, USA) and Kos Plateau Tuff (Greece) may contain a magmatic volatile phase trapped between layers of biotite crystals. Despite originating in pristine deposits and showing the expected X-ray diffraction spectra, these biotites return low (&lt;95 wt%) analytical totals via electron microprobe (EMP) consistent with the presence of considerable amounts of light elements (non-measurable by EMP). Lithium contents and isotope ratios in these biotites are remarkable, with abundances reaching &gt;2300 ppm, exceptionally light Li isotopic compositions (δ7Li as low as –27.6‰), and large isotopic fractionation between biotite and corresponding bulk samples (Δ7Libt–bulk as low as –36.5‰). Other mineral phases, groundmass glass, and melt inclusions from the same units do not support an extremely Li-rich melt prior to eruption. Biotites from phonolitic systems (Tenerife [Canary Islands] and Campi Flegrei [Italy]) do not show such extreme compositional differences, with biotite and melt showing roughly equivalent Li contents, underscored by significantly reduced Δ7Libt–bulk to a maximum of –10.9‰. We ascribe the difference in behavior to the near-liquidus appearance of biotite in alkaline magmatic suites, before widespread exsolution of a magmatic volatile phase in the magma reservoir, while in rhyolitic suites, biotite crystallizes at low temperature, trapping the coexisting exsolved fluid phase in the reservoir.
Longitudinal associations of ocular biometric parameters with onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Yifan , Xiong Kun , Gong Xia , Liang Xiaoling , Huang Wenyong 
Published: February 2022

AimsTo investigate the associations of ocular biometric parameters with incident diabetic retinopathy (DR), incident vision-threatening DR (VTDR) and DR progression.MethodsThis community-based prospective cohort study recruited participants with type 2 diabetes aged 35–80 years from 2017 to 2019 in Guangzhou, China. Refractive error and ocular biometric parameters were measured at baseline, including axial length (AL), axial length-to-corneal radius (AL/CR) ratio, corneal curvature (CC), lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens power and corneal diameter (CD).ResultsA total of 1370 participants with a mean age of 64.3±8.1 years were followed up for two consecutive years. During the follow-up period, 342 out of 1195 (28.6%) participants without DR at baseline had incident DR, 15 out of 175 (8.57%) participants with baseline DR had DR progression and 11 of them progressed to VTDR. After multiple adjustments, a longer AL (OR=0.76; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.86; p<0.001) and a larger AL/CR ratio (OR=0.20; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.55; p=0.002) were associated with significantly reduced risks of incident DR but were not associated with incident VTDR or DR progression. Refractive status and other ocular biometric parameters investigated, including ACD, CC, CD, lens power and LT were not associated with any of the DR outcomes (all p>0.05).ConclusionsA longer AL and a larger AL/CR ratio are protective against incident DR. These parameters may be incorporated into future DR risk prediction models to individualise the frequency of DR screening and prevention measures.
Investigation of the critical factors required to improve the disclosure and discussion of harm with affected women and families: a study protocol for a qualitative, realist study in NHS maternity services (the DISCERN study)
Authors: Adams Mary , Iedema Rick , Heazell Alexander Edward , Treadwell Maureen , Booker Maria , Bevan Charlotte , Hartley Julie , Sandall Jane 
Published: February 2022

Patients and families are entitled to an open disclosure and discussion of healthcare incidents affecting them. This reduces distress and contributes to learning for safety improvement. Complex barriers prevent effective disclosure and continue in the English NHS, despite a legal duty of candour. NHS maternity services are the focus of significant efforts to improve this. There is limited understanding of how, and to what effect, they are achieving this.Methods and analysisA 27-month, three-phased realist evaluation identifying the critical factors contributing to improvements in the disclosure and discussion of incidents with affected families. The evaluation asks ‘what works, for whom, in what circumstances, in why respects and why?’.Phase 1: establish working hypotheses of key factors and outcomes of interventions improving disclosure and discussion, by realist literature review and in-depth realist interviews with key stakeholders (n=approximately 20]Phase 2: refine or overturn hypotheses, by ethnographic case-study analysis using triangulated qualitative methods (non-participant observation, interviews (n=12) and documentary analysis) in up to 4 purposively sampled NHS trusts.Phase 3: consider hypotheses and design outputs during seven interpretive forums.Ethics and disseminationPhase 1 study approval by King’s College London’s Ethics Panel (BDMRESC 22033) and National Research Ethical Approval for Phases 2–3 (IRASID:262197) (CAG:20/CAG/0121) (REC:20/LO/1152). Study sponsorship by King’s College London (HS&DR 17/99/85).Findings to be disseminated through tailored management briefings; clinician and family guidance (written and video); lay summaries, academic papers, and report with outputs tailored to maximise academic and societal impact. Views of women/family groups are represented throughout.
Protection motivation theory screening tool for predicting chronic low back pain rehabilitation adherence: analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Owen Patrick J , Main Luana C , Miller Clint T , Ford Jon J , Hahne Andrew J , Belavy Daniel L 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo explore a protection motivation theory screening tool for predicting rehabilitation adherence.DesignAnalysis of a randomised controlled trial.SettingAn exercise physiology and physiotherapist clinic.ParticipantsPatients with chronic low back pain (n=40).InterventionsGeneral strength and conditioning (GSC) compared with motor control and manual therapy. Primary and secondary outcome measures: predicting patient adherence to supervised sessions and dropout using the Sports Injury Rehabilitation Beliefs Scale, seven-item barriers checklist and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale.ResultsAverage attendance was 77% (motor control and manual therapy) and 60% (GSC) with eight dropouts. No Sports Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale values other than 5 across all three components were recorded. Treatment efficacy (p=0.019), self-efficacy (p=0.001), rehabilitation value (p=0.028) and injury severity (p=0.002) positively correlated with susceptibility (the extent of vulnerability to having health problems from not taking action). Rehabilitation value positively correlated with self-efficacy (p=0.005). Injury severity positively correlated with rehabilitation value (p=0.011). The final model for number of cancellations included rehabilitation value only and accounted for approximately 12% of variance (p=0.033).ConclusionsPerceived value of rehabilitation should be considered by clinicians in the rehabilitation setting to improve treatment adherence in patients with chronic low back pain.Trial registration numberACTRN12615001270505.
Increase in people’s behavioural risks for contracting COVID-19 during the 2021 New Year holiday season: longitudinal survey of the general population in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Shuko , Yamada Shohei , Sasaki Satoshi , Minato Yoichi , Takahashi Naomi , Kudo Keiichiro , Nohara Masaru , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThere has been no study in Japan on the predictors of risk for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection based on people’s behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to document changes in risk behaviour during the New Year’s holiday season in 2021 and to identify factors associated with high-risk behaviour for infection using a quantitative assessment tool.DesignA longitudinal survey.SettingMultiphasic health check-ups for the general population in Iwate Prefecture.ParticipantsSerial cross-sectional data were obtained using rapid online surveys of residents in Iwate Prefecture from 4 to 7 December 2020 (baseline survey) and from 5 to 7 February 2021 (follow-up survey). The data in those two surveys were available for a total of 9741 participants.Main outcome measuresWe estimated each individual’s risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the microCOVID calculator. We defined four trajectories of individual risk behaviours based on the probabilities of remaining at low risk, increasing to high risk, improving to low risk and persistence of high risk.ResultsAmong people in the low-risk group in the first survey, 3.6% increased to high risk, while high risk persisted in 80.0% of people who were in the high-risk group at baseline. While healthcare workers were significantly more likely to be represented in both the increasing risk and persistently high-risk group, workers in the education setting were also associated with persistence of high risk (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.39; p<0.001).ConclusionsIn determining countermeasures against COVID-19 (as well as future outbreaks), health officials should take into account population changes in behaviour during large-scale public events.
Delayed puberty in boys in central Sweden: an observational study on diagnosing and management in clinical practice
Authors: Rodanaki Maria , Rask Eva , Lodefalk Maria 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo compare the usefulness of the classical definition of delayed puberty (DP) in boys with puberty nomograms and to describe the management of DP in boys in a hospital-based setting.Study designObservational retrospective multicentre study with a short-term follow-up.Setting and participantsBoys diagnosed with DP during 2013–2015 at paediatric departments in four counties in central Sweden. The medical records of 165 boys were reviewed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresNumber of boys with DP after re-evaluation of the diagnosis according to the classical definition in comparison with puberty nomograms. Description of investigations performed and treatment provided to boys with DP.ResultsIn total, 45 and 58 boys were found to have DP according to the classical definition and the nomograms, respectively. Biochemical and/or radiological testing was performed in 91% of the 58 boys, but an underlying disease was only found in 9% of them. Approximately 79% of the boys received testosterone treatment, either as injections of testosterone enanthate or as testosterone undecanoate.ConclusionsPuberty nomograms may be helpful instruments when diagnosing pubertal disorders in boys as they are not limited to an age close to 14 years and also identify boys with pubertal arrest. The majority of boys with DP undergo biochemical or radiological examinations, but underlying diseases are unusual emphasising the need for structural clinical practice guidelines for this patient group.
European Stroke Organisation (ESO)–European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) expedited recommendation on indication for intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke and anterior circulation large vessel occlusion
Authors: Turc Guillaume , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Audebert Heinrich J , Boogaarts Hieronymus , Bhogal Pervinder , De Marchis Gian Marco , Fonseca Ana Catarina , Khatri Pooja , Mazighi Mikaël , Pérez de la Ossa Natalia , Schellinger Peter D , Strbian Daniel , Toni Danilo , White Philip , Whiteley William , Zini Andrea , van Zwam Wim , Fiehler Jens 
Published: February 2022

Six randomized controlled clinical trials have assessed whether mechanical thrombectomy (MT) alone is non-inferior to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) plus MT within 4.5 hours of symptom onset in patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic stroke and no contraindication to IVT. An expedited recommendation process was initiated by the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) and conducted with the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) according to ESO standard operating procedure based on the GRADE system. We identified two relevant Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome (PICO) questions, performed systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the literature, assessed the quality of the available evidence, and wrote evidence-based recommendations. Expert opinion was provided if insufficient evidence was available to provide recommendations based on the GRADE approach.For stroke patients with anterior circulation LVO directly admitted to a MT-capable center (‘mothership’) within 4.5 hours of symptom onset and eligible for both treatments, we recommend IVT plus MT over MT alone (moderate evidence, strong recommendation). MT should not prevent the initiation of IVT, nor should IVT delay MT. In stroke patients with anterior circulation LVO admitted to a center without MT facilities and eligible for IVT ≤4.5 hours and MT, we recommend IVT followed by rapid transfer to a MT capable-center (‘drip-and-ship’) in preference to omitting IVT (low evidence, strong recommendation). Expert consensus statements on ischemic stroke on awakening from sleep are also provided. Patients with anterior circulation LVO stroke should receive IVT in addition to MT if they have no contraindications to either treatment.