bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enc‐Unet: A novel method for Glioma segmentation
Authors: Hussain Syed Sajid , Sachdeva Jainy , Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Singh Abhiav 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe diagnosis' treatment planning, follow‐up and prognostication of Gliomas is significantly enhanced on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. In the present research, deep learning‐based variant of convolutional neural network methodology is proposed for glioma segmentation where pretrained autoencoder acts as backbone to the 3D‐Unet which performs the segmentation task as well as image restoration. Further, Unet accepts input as the combination of three non‐native MR images (T2, T1CE, and FLAIR) to extract maximum and superior features for segmenting tumor regions. Further, weighted dice loss employed, focusses on segregating tumor region into three regions of interest namely whole tumor with oedema (WT), enhancing tumor (ET), and tumor core (TC). The optimizer preferred in the proposed methodology is Adam and the learning rate is initially set to , progressively reduced by a cosine decay after 50 epochs. The learning parameters are reduced to a larger extent (up to 9.8 M as compared to 27 M). The experimental results show that the proposed model achieved Dice similarity coefficients: 0.77, 0.92, and 0.84; sensitivity: 0.90, 0.95, and 0.89; specificity: 0.97, 0.99, and 0.99; Hausdorff95: 5.74, 4.89, and 6.00, in the three regions including ET, WT, TC. This proposed Glioma segmentation method is efficient for segregation of tumors.
Application of a frequency inverter in irrigated perimeters: A case study for irrigation automation
Authors: Barbosa Eloiny Guimarães , de Moraes Maria Joselma , de Araujo Marcos Eduardo Viana , Oliveira Filho Delly , Barbosa Elisa Guimarães 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe wide variation in water demand and pressure means that most irrigated perimeter pumping systems are oversized. The objective of this study was to control a pressurized irrigation system using a frequency inverter, aiming at automation and energy savings in irrigated perimeters. First, a prototype was assembled using drawer valves to simulate head losses in the system. Second, a frequency inverter was used to control the speed of the rotation of the motor pump, improving its performance. Finally, a microcontroller was used to manage the number of plots under irrigation in the perimeter. The frequency inverter reduced the consumed power by 40, 30 and 19% and the electric power consumption per hour by 46, 38 and 23% for one, two and three plots under irrigation, respectively. The use of the inverter frequency led to a reduction in operating points for all irrigation plot scenarios evaluated. The use of the frequency inverter is justified when the full power of the pump is not always required and adjustment of the rotation speed is necessary. In addition, the proposed automation system proved to be efficient in managing the rotation control of the frequency inverter.
Density forecasting with Bayesian Vector Autoregressive models under macroeconomic data uncertainty
Authors: Clements Michael P. , Galvão Ana Beatriz 
Published: November 2022

SummaryMacroeconomic data are subject to data revisions. Yet, the usual way of generating real‐time density forecasts from Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (BVAR) models makes no allowance for data uncertainty from future data revisions. We develop methods of allowing for data uncertainty when forecasting with BVAR models with stochastic volatility. First, the BVAR forecasting model is estimated on real‐time vintages. Second, the BVAR model is jointly estimated with a model of data revisions such that forecasts are conditioned on estimates of the ‘true’ values. We find that this second method generally improves upon conventional practice for density forecasting, especially for the United States.
The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Microarchitecture and Strength after Denosumab and Teriparatide Administration: DATA-HD Study Extension
Authors: Ramchand Sabashini K. , David Natalie L. , Lee Hang , Bruce Michael , Bouxsein Mary L. , Tsai Joy N. , Leder Benjamin Z. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The combination of denosumab and teriparatide is an effective treatment strategy in postmenopausal osteoporosis, though skeletal gains are promptly lost when these agents are discontinued. In the DATA-HD study, we reported that a single dose of zoledronic acid (ZOL) maintains the increases in areal spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD) achieved with this combination for at least 12 months. The capacity of ZOL to maintain corresponding improvements in peripheral volumetric BMD and microarchitecture, however, has not been reported. In the 15-month DATA-HD study, 76 postmenopausal osteoporotic women were randomized to receive 9 months of teriparatide (20-μg or 40-μg daily) overlapped with denosumab (60 mg at months 3 and 9). In the Extension study, 53 participants received a single dose of ZOL (5 mg intravenously) 24–35 weeks after the last denosumab dose. We measured volumetric BMD and microarchitecture at the distal radius and tibia using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography at months 27 and 42. Despite ZOL administration, total and cortical BMD gradually decreased over 27 months resulting in values similar to baseline at the radius but still significantly above baseline at the tibia. At both sites, cortical porosity decreased to values below pretreatment baseline at month 27 but then increased from month 27 to 42. There were no significant changes in trabecular parameters throughout the 27-month post-ZOL observation period. Stiffness and failure load, at both sites, decreased progressively from month 15 42 though remained above baseline at the tibia. These findings suggest that in contrast to the largely maintained gains in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived spine and hip BMD, a single dose of ZOL was not as effective in maintaining the gains in volumetric peripheral bone density and microarchitecture produced by 15 months of overlapping treatment with denosumab and teriparatide. Alternative therapeutic approaches that can fully maintain improvements in peripheral bone parameters require further study. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Groundwater flow in saturated riparian buffers and implications for nitrate removal
Authors: McEachran Andrea R. , Dickey Loulou C. , Rehmann Chris R. , Isenhart Thomas M. , Groh Tyler A. , Perez Michael A. , Rutherford Cassandra J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA saturated riparian buffer (SRB) is an edge‐of‐field conservation practice that intercepts tile drainage and reduces nitrate flux to nearby streams by redistributing the flow as shallow groundwater. In this study, a three‐dimensional, finite‐difference groundwater model representative of SRBs in central Iowa was developed to assess the flow of groundwater and implications for nitrate removal during spring conditions, when flow to the SRB is highest. The model reproduces field observations of water level with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.68, which is deemed acceptable for hydrologic models. The modeling shows that groundwater flow is three‐dimensional near the distribution pipe and the stream and primarily one‐dimensional in the rest of the buffer. The path the water takes in flowing toward the stream depends on where it exits the distribution pipe. When nitrate is not limiting, the potential for nitrate removal depends on the length of the path—and thus travel time—and depth because denitrification potential varies with depth. Travel time Tt can be estimated well with slight modifications to a one‐dimensional approximation: Tt = 1.11Lx/vx, where Lx is the buffer width and vx is a one‐dimensional approximation of the average linear velocity of groundwater. Refining knowledge of SRB function is an important step toward enhancing design for improving water quality.
Comparison of the effects of individual symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease co‐existing functional dyspepsia on patients' daily lives: A prospective, observational study
Authors: Nakada Tatsuya , Isshi Kimio , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Kamiya Takeshi , Manabe Noriaki , Higuchi Kazuhide , Joh Takashi , Oshio Atsushi , Ogawa Maiko , Hokari Atsushi , Saruta Masayuki , Haruma Ken , Nakada Koji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) frequently also have functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms, which impair their quality of life. However, the magnitude and characteristics of the effects of each symptom on daily life have been unclarified. Using multiple regression analysis, we aimed to clarify these questions.MethodsWe enrolled 290 patients from 29 institutions across Japan, in this prospective, observational study. Patients responded to three questionnaires (Gastroesophageal Reflux and Dyspepsia Therapeutic Efficacy and Satisfaction Test [GERD‐TEST], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], and 8‐item Short‐Form Health Survey [SF‐8]) before and after 4 weeks of proton pump inhibitor treatment. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted between symptoms such as typical GERD, epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) of FD, and aspects of daily life, namely, level of satisfaction with the daily life of GERD‐TEST, anxiety and depression score of HADS, and physical and mental component summary of SF‐8.ResultsPearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation in all combinations between GERD/FD‐EPS/FD‐PDS symptoms and the nine aspects of daily life. However, multiple regression analysis results deviated from these results, with the most significant effects seen in the PDS‐symptom subscale (SS) on the five aspects of daily life, that is, dissatisfaction with eating, daily life‐SS, anxiety, depression, and mental component summary (MCS) whereas the significant effects in GERD‐SS on five aspects of daily life, that is, dissatisfaction for eating, anxiety, depression, physical component summary, and MCS, disappeared.ConclusionDealing with co‐existing FD symptoms without overlooking them may be important in the management of GERD.
Who is asking? Requests for antimicrobial prescribing advice received by hospital pharmacists
Authors: Wise Sarah , Smith Eloise , Carlos Lilibeth , Coleshill Matthew , Day Richard Osborne , Melocco Terry , Carland Jane Ellen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDoctors are perceived as the primary decision makers in antimicrobial therapy, but prescribing decisions are influenced by the multidisciplinary team. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs formalise interprofessional advice‐giving. No studies capture the advice provided by pharmacists. This study aimed to describe the volume and nature of antimicrobial prescribing advice that healthcare professionals seek from hospital pharmacists. A prospective audit of antimicrobial‐related advice requests received by pharmacists (n = 18) at an Australian public hospital was undertaken in July 2020. Antimicrobial advice was sought from 11 pharmacists on 300 occasions. Most requests (80%) were received by the AMS pharmacist. A mean (range) of 30 (17–40) requests per day was recorded and the AMS pharmacist received 24 (16–31) requests daily. Most requests came from the intensive care unit (22.1%), pharmacy (21.4%), and infectious diseases (17.1%). The AMS pharmacist was mostly contacted by consultants and pharmacists, and other pharmacists were contacted by registrars and junior medical officers. Despite COVID‐19 adaptations, face‐to‐face interaction was most common. This audit demonstrates the value of an AMS pharmacist, and indicates the importance of face‐to‐face interactions and the formalisation of pharmacists' role in prescribing decision‐making. Pharmacists provided antimicrobial advice daily to other healthcare professionals. Further research is required to provide insights into the barriers and enablers to effective advice‐giving interactions.
Magnetic solid‐phase extraction of warfarin and gemfibrozil in biological samples using polydopamine‐coated magnetic nanoparticles via core‐shell nanostructure
Authors: Ghani Milad , Jafari Zahra , Maleki Behrooz , Chamani Maryam 
Published: November 2022

Herein, polydopamine‐coated Fe3O4 spheres were synthesized using a very simple, easy, cost‐effective, efficient, and fast method. First, magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were synthesized and were followed by accommodating polydopamine on the surface of the prepared Fe3O4. The prepared polydopamine‐coated Fe3O4 spheres were utilized as a sorbent in magnetic solid phase extraction of gemfibrozil and warfarin (as the model analytes). The extracted model analytes were desorbed by a suitable organic solvent and were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Under optimized condition, the linearity of the method was in the range of 0.1–200.0 μg/L for the selected analytes in water. The limits of detection were calculated to be in the range of 0.026–0.055 μg/L for warfarin and gemfibrozil, respectively. The limits of quantification were calculated to be in the range of 0.089–0.185 μg/L. The inter‐day and intra‐day relative standard deviations were determined to be in the range of 1.4%–3.3% in three concentrations in order to calculate the method precision. Furthermore, the enrichment factors were found to be 78 and 81 for warfarin and gemfibrozil, respectively. Moreover, the calculated absolute recoveries were between 78% and 81%. The obtained recoveries indicated that the method was useful and applicable in complicated real samples.
Alternate drip irrigation regulates the soil fungal community structure and metabolic function based on root–fungus interactions
Authors: Wang Jingwei , He Qiuqin , Niu Wenquan , Han Jinxian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFungal communities play an essential role in soil nutrient cycling, but the mechanism of their response to soil dry–wet cycles under alternate drip irrigation (ADI) is uncertain, which limits the improvements in crop yield that can be achieved through fungal community management in controlled environmental agriculture. In this study, surface drip irrigation was used as the control (CK) to study the effects of ADI with different thresholds of irrigation (designated A50, A60, and A70) on the soil fungal community and root–fungus interactions and to analyze the contribution of root–fungus interactions to tomato yield. Compared with CK, ADI increased the tomato fine root length and specific root fork number but decreased fungal community richness while shaping fungal communities with different compositions and functional metabolisms. For example, the relative abundance of Basidiomycota in A70 was 8.73, 3.25, and 2.81 times those of CK, A50, and A60 respectively. Among the well‐defined fungal functional guilds, the fungal community of A50 was dominated by pathotroph‐saprotroph‐symbiotroph; however, that of A60 was dominated by pathotroph‐saprotroph‐symbiotroph and pathotroph‐symbiotroph, and that of A70 was dominated by pathotroph‐symbiotroph. The root–fungus interaction model showed significant one‐way direct positive effects between adjacent pairs of variables among the four variables (from tomato specific root fork number and fine root length to Basidiomycota, total nitrogen in roots and then tomato yield). These results provide insights into the possibility of regulating the fungal community by optimizing drip irrigation techniques to improve water use efficiency and tomato yield.
Anisotropic Aerogels with Excellent Mechanical Resilience and Thermal Insulation from Pleurotus eryngii Fungus
Authors: Tong Jutao , Gao Hainan , Weng Yunxuan , Wang Yuzhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiomass aerogels with superior sustainability, high compressibility, and resilience are highly attractive for diverse technological applications. Anisotropic fungus aerogels derived from natural Pleurotus eryngii with excellent compressibility and resilience are obtained through a facile and environmentally friendly top‐down approach. The preserved alignment of polysaccharide fibers inside fungus aerogels leads to remarkable anisotropic mechanical and thermal insulation properties. The cross‐links generated via facile chemical modification endow fungus aerogels with excellent compressibility and resilience (deformation recovery rate of ≥96% even when the compression strain is ≥90%). Moreover, via a facile hydrophobic silanization treatment, the elastic aerogels can be endowed with excellent superhydrophobicity and water resistance. It is anticipated that this facile and sustainable strategy will provide technical support for scalable production of fungus‐based aerogels with excellent compressibility and resilience, unique thermal anisotropy, and superior renewability. Meanwhile, the newly developed fungus aerogels will have broad applications in durable thermal insulation and acoustic absorption materials.
A Novel PEEK Foam with Ultra‐High Temperature‐Resistant by Temperature Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Meng Lingcheng , Zhang Jinling , Zhao Shuang , Qi Desheng , Xu Pan , Wu Shuoqi , Wang Le , Yue Xigui , Jiang Zhenhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolyaryletherketone is a kind of special engineering plastics with excellent comprehensive properties, high strength, good stability, and almost insoluble in any common solvent except concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature. However, its high processing temperature also hinders its application and development in the foam. Here, a series of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and diphenyl polyetheretherketone (PEDEK) composite foams are prepared by temperature induced phase separation, using diphenyl sulfone as solvent. The microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of PEEK and PEDEK foam are compared. Highly porous PEEK and PEDEK foams with densities ranging from 0.13 to 0.25 g cm−3, with compressive strength ranging from 0.68 to 2.6 MPa, respectively, are produced. Meanwhile, the introduction of diphenyl structure can effectively improve the performance of PEEK foams at high temperature. It is found that PEDEK foam has a higher operating temperature than PEEK, and the compressive strength of 0.24 g cm−3 foam is still ≈1 MPa at 200 °C.
Phenothiazine‐Based Donor–Acceptor Polymers as Multifunctional Materials for Charge Storage and Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Wessling Robin , Delgado Andrés Rodrigo , Morhenn Isabel , Acker Pascal , Maftuhin Wafa , Walter Michael , Würfel Uli , Esser Birgit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe increasing energy demand for diverse applications requires new types of devices and materials. Multifunctional materials that can fulfill different roles are of high interest as they can allow fabricating devices that can both convert and store energy. Herein, organic donor–acceptor redox polymers that can function as charge storage materials in batteries and as donor materials in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic devices are investigated. Based on its reversible redox chemistry, phenothiazine is used as the main building block in the conjugated copolymer design and combined with diketopyrrolopyrrol and benzothiadiazole as electron‐poor comonomers to shift the optical absorption into the visible region. The resulting polymers show excellent cycling stability as positive electrode materials in lithium–organic batteries at discharge potentials of 3.6–3.7 V versus Li/Li+ as well as good performances in BHJ solar cells with up to 1.9% power conversion efficiency. This study shows that the design of such multifunctional materials is possible, however, that it also faces challenges, as essential properties for good device function can lead to diametrically opposite requirements in materials design.
Rational Construction of Electrically Conductive Covalent Organic Frameworks through Encapsulating Fullerene via Donor–Acceptor Interaction
Authors: Xu Xiaoyi , Yue Yue , Xin Guoqing , Huang Ning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA new kind of perylene‐based 2D covalent organic framework (COF) is designed and synthesized based on the C2 + C2 topological diagram. The perylene‐based COF is constructed via the condensation reaction using 2,5,8,11‐tetrakis((4‐formylphenyl) perylene (TFPPer) and 2,5,8,11‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl) perylene (TAPPer) as building blocks. The resulting TFPPer‐TAPPer‐COF features high crystallinity, excellent stability, intrinsic porosity, and an electron‐rich skeleton. Significantly, the electrical performance of the COF can be enhanced through the encapsulation of fullerene (C60) into the 1D channels via donor–acceptor interaction. Compared to the pristine COF, the electrical conductivity of C60@TFPPer‐TAPPer‐COF can be greatly increased from 8.98 × 10−8 to 1.59 × 10−5 S cm−1, meanwhile the carrier mobility rises from 1.04 × 10−3 to 4.23 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1. The improvement in electrical performance stems from the strong donor–acceptor interaction between perylene and C60. These results provide insights into the rational construction of conductive COFs through donor–acceptor interaction and demonstrate their great potential in related application fields.
Price cap regulation under duopoly
Authors: Nie Pu‐yan , Wen Hong‐xing , Wang Chan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article captures price cap regulation under duopoly with game theory approaches. First, price cap regulation reduces price difference, output difference, and price dispersion under both Cournot and Stackelberg competition. Second, price cap regulation weakens the advantages of both costs and first‐mover. Third, price cap regulation reduces firms' profits while promotes consumer surplus. Finally, the relationship between the social welfare and price cap regulation is an inverse U‐shape. Therefore, optimal price cap regulation exists.
Socioeconomically‐deprived patients suffer hip fractures at a younger age and require more hospital admissions, but early mortality risk is unchanged: The IMPACT Deprivation Study
Authors: Kay Robert S. , Hall Andrew J. , Duckworth Andrew D. , Clement Nick D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionSocioeconomic deprivation is associated with multi‐morbidity and frailty, but influence on hip fracture outcomes is poorly understood. The primary aim was to investigate the association between deprivation and mortality, and secondary aims were to assess the effects on: (i) age at presentation; (ii) inpatient outcomes, and (iii) post‐discharge outcomes.MethodThis cohort study included all patients aged >50 years admitted with a hip fracture to a high‐volume centre between 01 March 2020 and 20 November 2021. Data were collected contemporaneously by specialist auditors and underwent validation using live health records after 180 days follow‐up. Variables were demographics including Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, injury and management factors, and outcome measures including length of stay, discharge destination, readmission, and mortality status at 180 days.ResultsThere were 1822 patients of which 1306/1822 (72%) were female. Deprivation was independently associated with younger age at hip fracture, demonstrating a linear correlation with each deprivation level. The overall mean age was 80.7 years (range 50–102), with the mean age in the most deprived group being 77.2 years (95% CI; 75.7–78.7) versus 82.8 years (95% CI; 82.0–83.5) in the least deprived. Multivariate logistic regression showed no association between deprivation and 30‐ or 180‐day mortality risk. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis demonstrated no difference between the most deprived versus least deprived (log‐rank, p = 0.854). Deprivation had no influence on length of stay, discharge destination, or COVID‐19 status, but deprived patients had an increased risk of readmission (OR 1.63, 95% CI [1.18–2.24]; p = 0.003).ConclusionDeprivation showed no linear correlation with early mortality risk (within 180 days of injury), but it was associated with an earlier age at presentation (the most deprived sustained a hip fracture 5.6 years earlier than the least deprived) which may impact overall life expectancy. More deprived patients were more likely to require further acute hospital admissions.