bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution, ecology, and conservation of hummingbirds and their interactions with flowering plants
Authors: Leimberger Kara G. , Dalsgaard Bo , Tobias Joseph A. , Wolf Christopher , Betts Matthew G. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThe ecological co‐dependency between plants and hummingbirds is a classic example of a mutualistic interaction: hummingbirds rely on floral nectar to fuel their rapid metabolisms, and more than 7000 plant species rely on hummingbirds for pollination. However, threats to hummingbirds are mounting, with 10% of 366 species considered globally threatened and 60% in decline. Despite the important ecological implications of these population declines, no recent review has examined plant–hummingbird interactions in the wider context of their evolution, ecology, and conservation. To provide this overview, we (i) assess the extent to which plants and hummingbirds have coevolved over millions of years, (ii) examine the mechanisms underlying plant–hummingbird interaction frequencies and hummingbird specialization, (iii) explore the factors driving the decline of hummingbird populations, and (iv) map out directions for future research and conservation. We find that, despite close associations between plants and hummingbirds, acquiring evidence for coevolution (versus one‐sided adaptation) is difficult because data on fitness outcomes for both partners are required. Thus, linking plant–hummingbird interactions to plant reproduction is not only a major avenue for future coevolutionary work, but also for studies of interaction networks, which rarely incorporate pollinator effectiveness. Nevertheless, over the past decade, a growing body of literature on plant–hummingbird networks suggests that hummingbirds form relationships with plants primarily based on overlapping phenologies and trait‐matching between bill length and flower length. On the other hand, species‐level specialization appears to depend primarily on local community context, such as hummingbird abundance and nectar availability. Finally, although hummingbirds are commonly viewed as resilient opportunists that thrive in brushy habitats, we find that range size and forest dependency are key predictors of hummingbird extinction risk. A critical direction for future research is to examine how potential stressors – such as habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, and introduction of non‐native plants – may interact to affect hummingbirds and the plants they pollinate.
Long‐term outcomes after heart transplantation using ex vivo allograft perfusion in standard risk donors: A single‐center experience
Authors: Chen Qiudong , Singer‐Englar Tahli , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Roach Amy , Emerson Dominic , Megna Dominick , Ramzy Danny , Catarino Pedro , Patel Jignesh K. , Kittleson Michelle , Czer Lawrence , Chikwe Joanna , Esmailian Fardad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Organ Care System (OCS) is an ex vivo perfusion platform for donor heart preservation. Short/mid‐term post‐transplant outcomes after its use are comparable to standard cold storage (CS). We evaluated long‐term outcomes following its use.MethodsBetween 2011 and 2013, 38 patients from a single center were randomized as a part of the PROCEED II trial to receive allografts preserved with CS (n = 19) or OCS (n = 19). Endpoints included 8‐year survival, survival free from graft‐related deaths, freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), non‐fatal major adverse cardiac events (NF‐MACE), and rejections.ResultsEight‐year survival was 57.9% in the OCS group and 73.7% in the CS group (p = .24). Freedom from CAV was 89.5% in the OCS group and 67.8% in the CS group (p = .13). Freedom from NF‐MACE was 89.5% in the OCS group and 67.5% in the CS group (p = .14). Eight‐year survival free from graft‐related death was equivalent between the two groups (84.2% vs. 84.2%, p = .93). No differences in rejection episodes were observed (all p > .5).ConclusionsIn select patients receiving OCS preserved allografts, late post‐transplant survival trended lower than those transplanted with an allograft preserved with CS. This is based on a small single‐center series, and larger numbers are needed to confirm these findings.
Randomized controlled study to evaluate the impact of flexible patient‐controlled visits in people with type 1 diabetes: The DiabetesFlex Trial
Authors: Laurberg Tinne , Schougaard Liv Marit Valen , Hjollund Niels Henrik Ingvar , Lomborg Kirsten Elisabeth , Hansen Troels Krarup , Jensen Annesofie Lunde 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of health care–initiated visits versus patient‐controlled flexible visits on clinical and patient‐reported outcomes in people with type 1 diabetes.MethodsThe DiabetesFlex trial was a randomized controlled, pragmatic non‐inferiority 15‐month follow‐up study comparing standard care (face‐to‐face visits every 4 months) with DiabetesFlex (patient‐controlled flexible visits using patient‐reported, outcome‐based telehealth follow‐up). Of 343 enrolled participants, 160 in each group completed the study. The primary outcome was mean change in HbA1c from baseline to 15‐month follow‐up. Secondary outcomes were blood pressure, lipid levels, frequency of visits, the World Health Organization score—five well‐being‐index (WHO‐5), the Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) scale and experience of participation in own care (participation score).ResultsThe adjusted mean difference in HbA1c between standard care and DiabetesFlex was similar and below the predefined non‐inferiority margin of 0.4% (−0.03% [95%CI: 0.15, 0.11]/−0.27 mmol/mol [−1.71, 1.16]). No intergroup mean changes in lipid or blood pressure were observed. Conversely, DiabetesFlex participants presented an increased mean WHO‐5 index of 4.5 (1.3, 7.3), participation score of 1.1 (0.5, 2.0), and decreased PAID score of −4.8 (−7.1, −2.6) compared with standard care. During follow‐up, DiabetesFlex participants actively changed 23% of face‐to‐face visits to telephone consultations, cancelled more visits (17% vs. 9%), and stayed away without cancellation less often (2% vs. 8%).ConclusionCompared with standard care, flexible patient‐controlled visits combined with patient‐reported outcomes in participants with metabolic controlled type 1 diabetes and good psychological well‐being further improved diabetes‐related well‐being and decreased face‐to‐face visits while maintaining safe diabetes management.
Identifying patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia without need of treatment: End of endless watch and wait?
Authors: Brieghel Christian , Galle Veerle , Agius Rudi , da Cunha‐Bang Caspar , Andersen Michael A. , Vlummens Philip , Mattsson Mattias , Rosenquist Richard , Smedby Karin E. , Herling Carmen D. , Bahlo Jasmin , Hallek Michael , Lundgren Jens D. , Offner Fritz , Niemann Carsten U. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionEarly‐stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) challenges specialized management and follow‐up.MethodsWe developed and validated a prognostic index to identify newly diagnosed patients without need of treatment (CLL‐WONT) by a training/validation approach using data on 4708 patients. Composite scores derived from weighted hazards by multivariable analysis defined CLL‐WONT risk groups.ResultsAge (>65 years: 1 point), Binet stage (B: 2 points), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (>205 U/L: 1 point), absolute lymphocyte count (15–30 × 109/L: 1 point; >30 × 109/L; 2 points), β2‐microglobulin (>4 mg/L: 1 point), IGHV mutation status (unmutated: 1 point), and 11q or 17p deletion (1 point) were independently associated with shorter time to first treatment (TTFT). Low‐risk patients demonstrated 5‐year TTFT of 2% by internal validation, but 7–19% by external validation. Including all patients with complete scores, the 5‐year TTFT was 10% for the 756 (39%) CLL‐WONT low‐risk patients, and the 704 (37%) patients who were both CLL‐WONT and CLL‐IPI low risk demonstrated even lower 5‐year TTFT (8%).ConclusionWe have adopted the CLL‐WONT at an institution covering 1 800 000 individuals to allow patients with both low‐risk CLL‐WONT and CLL‐IPI to be managed by primary healthcare providers, thereby prioritizing specialized hematology services for patients in dire need.
A systematic review: metabolomics‐based identification of altered metabolites and pathways in the skin caused by internal and external factors
Authors: Masutin Viktor , Kersch Christian , Schmitz‐Spanke Simone 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe skin's ability to function optimally is affected by many diverse factors. Metabolomics has a great potential to improve our understanding of the underlying metabolic changes and the affected pathways. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the current state of the literature and to perform further metabolic pathway analysis on the obtained data. The aim was to gain an overview of the metabolic changes under altered conditions and to identify common and different patterns as a function of the investigated factors. A cross‐study comparison of the extracted studies from different databases identified 364 metabolites, whose concentrations were considerably altered by the following factor groups: irradiation, xenobiotics, ageing and skin diseases (mainly psoriasis). Using metabolic databases and pathway analysis tools, the individual metabolites were assigned to the corresponding metabolic pathways and the most strongly affected signalling pathways were identified. All factors induced oxidative stress. Thus, antioxidant defence systems, especially coenzyme Q10 (ageing) and the glutathione system (irradiation, ageing, xenobiotics), were impacted. Lipid metabolism was also impacted by all factors studied. The carnitine shuttle as part of β‐oxidation was activated by all factor groups except ageing. Glycolysis, Krebs (TCA) cycle and purine metabolism were mainly affected by irradiation and xenobiotics. The pentose phosphate pathway was activated, and Krebs cycle was downregulated in response to oxidative stress. In summary, it can be ascertained that mainly energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, antioxidative defence and DNA repair systems were impacted by the factors studied.
Impact of native spray‐dried lactic acid bacteria, packing density and wilting time on fermentation characteristics of experimental maize and lucerne silages
Authors: Blajman Jesica E. , Signorini Marcelo L. , Vinderola Gabriel , Lingua Mariana S. , Romero Luis A. , Páez Roxana B. , Casas Cecilia I. , Bergamini Carina V. , Giménez Paula , Gaggiotti Mónica C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at investigating the effects of an autochthonous microbial inoculant microencapsulated by spray‐drying on fermentation parameters, microbiological composition, mycotoxin level and aerobic stability of maize and lucerne silages. Experiment 1, a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments, evaluated inoculation (control or Lactobacillus plantarum Hv75, Pediococcus acidilactici 3903 and Lactobacillus buchneri B463), packing density (148.5 kg dry matter (DM)/m3 or 181.5 kg DM/m3) and storage period (0, 1, 30 or 60 days) in maize silage. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) supplementation produced higher DM and lower acetic acid and deoxynivalenol contents compared to the control (p < 0.05). However, these differences were small in terms of practical applications. Experiment 2 evaluated effects of microbial inoculation (similar as in experiment 1), wilting time (3 or 21 h) and storage period (0, 3, 30 or 60 days) in lucerne silage. LAB supplementation increased DM and lactic acid content, reduced pH and concentrations of acetic acid, ethanol and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen compared to the control (p < 0.05). In addition, inoculation increased total LAB population and decreased yeast and mould counts (p < 0.05). Although the strains displayed potential to be used as a bio‐inoculant at different lucerne moisture levels, prolonged wilting positively influenced DM, crude protein and fibre degradation (p < 0.05). Therefore, the addition of this spray‐dried inoculant to lucerne silages with longer wilting could be recommended for the attainment of silage quality.
Regenerative endodontic procedures for the treatment of necrotic mature teeth: A preliminary randomized clinical trial
Authors: Youssef Ahmed , Ali Magdy , ElBolok Amr , Hassan Reham 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThis preliminary randomized, prospective, controlled trial aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of two regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs), revitalization and a platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF)‐based technique, in the treatment of mature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps.MethodologyThe trial has been reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Randomized Trials in Endodontics 2020 guidelines. The study protocol was registered at the clinical trial registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) with identifier number NCT04158232. Twenty patients with mature necrotic anterior teeth with large periapical lesions were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 10): group I, treated with revitalization with the blood clot (BC) technique and group II, treated with a PRF‐based technique. The follow‐up was for 12 months. Periradicular healing was assessed using standardized radiographs taken at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months after treatment. An electric pulp tester was used to assess whether pulp sensibility had been regained during the follow‐up period. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann–Whitney test and Wilcoxon test for non‐parametric data. For parametric data, repeated measures analysis of variance was used. The significance level was set at p ≤ .05.ResultsThere was a significant increase in periradicular healing in both groups at 6 and 12 months, compared to that at baseline, with no significant difference between the studied groups after 12 months (p = .143). There was a significant difference between the tooth sensibility readings at baseline, 6‐month and 12‐month follow‐up timepoints (p < .001).ConclusionsThe findings of this preliminary trial indicate the potential for using REPs, such as revitalization or PRF‐based techniques, as treatment options for mature teeth with necrotic pulps. A higher level of evidence obtained through adequately powered clinical trials and longer follow‐up periods are required to conclusively validate the different outcomes of REPs.
Research progress on negative pressure wound therapy with instillation in the treatment of orthopaedic wounds
Authors: Wu Lijiao , Wen Baoyu , Xu Zhaorong , Lin Kefeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy with instillation (NPWTi) has the dual function of negative pressure sealing drainage and irrigation, which overcomes the disadvantages of NPWT, such as tube obstruction, inability to apply topical medicine, and poor anti‐infection ability. NPWTi has been researched extensively and widely used in various types of wounds, and certain effects have been achieved. A series of parameters for NPWTi have not been unified at present, including the flushing fluid option, flushing mode, and treatment period. This paper reviews the research progress of these parameters for NPWTi and their application in the treatment of orthopaedic wounds.
Basic study of ceramic lithium strontium borates as thermal neutron scintillators
Authors: Havlíček Jan , Rubešová Kateřina , Jakeš Vít , Kučerková Romana , Beitlerová Alena , Nikl Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA special group of luminescence materials are scintillators for thermal neutron detection. Due to the properties of neutrons (contrary to e.g. electrons or gamma photons), a different approach has to be utilized—the high content of atoms with the sufficient absorption cross‐section toward neutrons and lower material density are needed. This work pursues a basic study of LiSrBO3 and LiSr4(BO3)3 doped with cerium or europium—materials promising as thermal neutron scintillators. These borates exhibit promising properties such as the high content of lithium and boron, suitable density, and proper environment for luminescent ions. Radioluminescence of these ceramic borates doped with cerium and europium was examined and promising samples were further characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy and radioluminescence and photoluminescence kinetics measurement. The radioluminescence study of these borates is published for the first time. Cerium‐doped borates, in particular, exhibit a very promising response to an X‐ray excitation.
Realistic visualizations can aid transfer performance: Do distinctive shapes and descriptive labels contribute towards learning?
Authors: Skulmowski Alexander 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRealistic visualizations have been associated with benefits in retention performance, but also with disadvantages in transfer tasks. Realistic details are considered to be helpful for the initial learning of content, but not for the generalization to other domains and tasks.ObjectivesThe contradictory nature of previous evidence needed to be tested in a situation in which both the retention of concrete surfaces as well as the transfer to different shapes is necessary.MethodsThree experiments were conducted to assess whether transfer tasks in which knowledge of surfaces needed to be transferred to variations can benefit from realism, shape distinctness, and descriptive labels. In Experiment 1, participants learned skull anatomy either in a schematic or a realistic style and completed near and far transfer tests. In Experiment 2, the realism and shape distinctness of a fictional bone model was varied. Subjective cognitive load, retention performance, and transfer scores were measured. Experiment 3 compared how distinct and less distinct shapes of another fictional bone model affect learning in combination with label texts of differing semantic descriptiveness.Results and ConclusionsIn Experiment 1, performance in an anatomy learning task was raised by learning with a realistic visualization across near and far transfer tests. Experiment 2 revealed that extraneous cognitive load is increased for realistic visualizations when the depicted shapes lack distinctness. Experiment 3 suggests that when realistic visualizations feature less distinct shapes, learners struggle with descriptive labels in retention tests and benefit from similarly unspecific labels.
Leadless pacemaker implantation after lead extraction for cardiac implanted electronic device infection
Authors: Bicong Li , Allen John Carson , Arps Kelly , Al‐Khatib Sana M. , Bahnson Tristram D. , Daubert James P. , Frazier‐Mills Camille , Hegland Donald D. , Jackson Kevin P. , Jackson Larry R. , Lewis Robert K. , Pokorney Sean D. , Sun Albert Y. , Thomas Kevin L. , Piccini Jonathan P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiac implanted electronic device (CIED) pocket and systemic infection remain common complications with traditional CIEDs and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Leadless pacemakers may be an attractive pacing alternative for many patients following complete hardware removal for a CIED infection by eliminating surgical pocket‐related complications as well as lower risk of recurrent complications.ObjectiveTo describe use and outcomes associated with leadless pacemaker implantation following extraction of a CIED system due to infection.MethodsPatient characteristics and postprocedural outcomes were described in patients who underwent leadless pacemaker implantation at Duke University Hospital between November 11, 2014 and November 18, 2019, following CIED infection and device extraction. Outcomes of interest included procedural complications, pacemaker syndrome, need for system revision, and recurrent infection.ResultsAmong 39 patients, the mean age was 71 ± 17 years, 31% were women, and the most frequent primary pacing indication was complete heart block (64.1%) with 9 (23.1%) patients being pacemaker dependent at the time of Micra implantation. The primary organism implicated in the CIED infection was Staphylococcus aureus (43.6%). Nine of the 39 patients had a leadless pacemaker implanted before or on the same day as their extraction procedure, and the remaining 30 patients had a leadless pacemaker implanted after their extraction procedure. During follow‐up (mean 24.8 ± 14.7 months) after leadless pacemaker implantation, there were a total of 3 major complications: 1 groin hematoma, 1 femoral arteriovenous fistula, and 1 case of pacemaker syndrome. No patients had evidence of recurrent CIED infection after leadless pacemaker implantation.ConclusionsDespite a prior CIED infection and an elevated risk of recurrent infection, there was no evidence of CIED infection with a mean follow up of over 2 years following leadless pacemaker implantation at or after CIED system removal. Larger studies with longer follow‐up are required to determine if there is a long‐term advantage to implanting a leadless pacemaker versus a traditional pacemaker following temporary pacing when needed during the periextraction period in patients with a prior CIED infection.
East Asian perspectives in metabolic and bariatric surgery
Authors: Oh Tae Jung , Lee Hyuk‐Joon , Cho Young Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of diabetes and obesity continues to rise in East Asia. As the risk of diabetes increases at a lower body mass index (BMI) in East Asians than in Europeans, the threshold of BMI values for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is lower in East Asians. MBS is considered upon reaching a BMI of 27.5 kg/m2 and is recommended at a BMI of ≥ 32.5 kg/m2, depending on the status of glucose homeostasis. The most commonly performed MBS in East Asia is sleeve gastrectomy, followed by Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Because the incidence of gastric cancer is higher in East Asia than in other regions, concerns regarding surveillance for gastric cancer might be related to a preference for sleeve gastrectomy over RYGB in this region. Even though there is a paucity of data on direct comparisons of the efficacy of MBS among different ethnic groups, the degree of weight reduction in East Asians is not inferior to other ethnic groups. Moreover, studies suggest that the diabetes remission rate in East Asians seemed to be higher than in other ethnic groups. Future studies involving multiethnic groups are necessary to identify possible ethnic differences in diabetes remission and to determine the appropriate BMI threshold for MBS according to ethnicity.
Pelomyxa doughnuta sp. nov. (Archamoebea, Pelobiontida) with an unusual nucleus‐glycogen association
Authors: Chistyakova Ludmila , Berdieva Mariia , Goodkov Andrew , Frolov Alexander 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe described Pelomyxa doughnuta sp. nov. and examined it with the use of light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy as well as cytochemical methods. The cells of P. doughnuta sp. nov. are usually binuclear, although cells with one, three, or four nuclei are sometimes found in the population. A unique feature of the new species is a dense capsule around the nucleus. It consists of a continuous layer of glycogen 5–20 µm thick. The tubulin cytoskeleton is mainly represented by perinuclear microtubules. P. doughnuta sp. nov. has a filamentous glycocalyx and strongly reduced components of flagellar apparatus. Obligate prokaryotic endocytobionts of two morphotypes are present in the cytoplasm.