bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of help and care by adult only children and children with siblings
Authors: Chanfreau Jenny , Goisis Alice 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdult children with siblings can share caring for older parents but adult only children face this responsibility alone. Given increased longevity and reliance on informal care-giving, as well as an increase in one-child families, there is a need to investigate only children's care-giving further. Using data from three large-scale British birth cohorts, this paper investigates patterns of parent-care, care intensity and wellbeing at ages 38 and 42 (N = 17,255, N = 16,703; born 1970), 50 and 55 (N = 12,775, N = 11,339; born 1958) and 63 (N = 2,364; born 1946), how sibling composition intersects with gender in relation to care-giving and whether different care-giving patterns are associated with wellbeing. Only children are more likely to provide parent-care and the pattern is consistent with an interpretation that differences by sibling status might increase with age. Provision is gendered, and the sibling group composition matters for involvement. Although care-giving is related to wellbeing, we found no evidence that this differs between only children and those with siblings. The literature on only children has hitherto focused largely on childhood, suggesting that on some outcomes they benefit from a concentration of parental resources. Our results suggest that in middle adulthood parental care needs may instead be concentrated for the only child without the ‘resource’ of siblings. This indicates a need to develop further our understanding of this growing demographic subgroup.
Student-centred strategies for higher music education: using peer-to-peer critique and practice as research methodologies to train conservatoire musicians
Authors: Thompson-Bell Jacob 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article presents some arguments in favour of a student-centred learning and teaching approach for higher music education (HME), with specific reference to conservatoire settings in the United Kingdom. In support of student-centred pedagogy, theoretical modelling is undertaken to offer a model of motivation accounting for both individual and group learning environments, thus drawing together diverse pedagogical research into learner “self-efficacy,” “distributive” classroom agency and partnership models of learning and teaching. Based on the author’s own teaching practice with MA Music students at Leeds Conservatoire, two student-centred classroom strategies are outlined: Critical Response Process (CRP) and practice as research. These strategies are evaluated via theoretical and, in the case of CRP, primary research data from a questionnaire presented to MA Music students reflecting on their experience. Finally, an overarching student-centred framework for HME course design is proposed, cross-mapping different learning activities, knowledge paradigms and forms of motivation based on the previous discussion.
Non-religious prisoners’ unequal access to pastoral care
Authors: Hunt Katie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrisoners have long been recognised as a disenfranchised group. This paper positions non-religious prisoners as further excluded from pastoral care. While chaplaincies aim to serve prisoners of all faiths and none, this paper suggests a hierarchy of access in which the benefits of chaplaincy are more available to some prisoners than others. Shortcomings in secular care mean that non-religious offenders are often the only group unable to connect with like-minded people and it is argued that they are disadvantaged as a result. The paper also explores the challenges for pastoral carers seeking to support inmates equally. It considers the barriers on both sides of the care relationship, specifically the disincentives to chaplaincy engagement faced by prisoners of no faith and the obstacles encountered by the Non-Religious Pastoral Support Network in accessing service users and delivering care. Finally, recommendations are made to narrow the gaps between religious and non-religious prisoners.
Help or hindrance? Rethinking interventions with ‘troubled youth’
Authors: Deakin Jo , Fox Claire , Harragan Aimee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper considers experiences of penal and voluntary-sector interventions in the lives of young people labelled as ‘troubled’ or ‘at risk’ of criminal behaviour. Drawing on data from a case-study conducted in the north of England, this paper focuses on the narratives of young people ‘on the margins’ of society who were involved with a range of community-based interventions, specifically youth clubs, a support group and a mandatory youth justice course. We consider how young people experience and respond to stigmatising elements prevalent in the structured interventions and everyday interactions with the institutions and agencies intended to support them. We argue that ‘promotive’ relationships between young people and the adults working with them enable young people to challenge risk-based identities and navigate the barriers they face.
Marginalisation, Grenfell Tower and the voice of the social-housing resident: a critical juncture in housing law and policy?
Authors: Carr Helen , Cowan Dave , Kirton-Darling Ed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper draws on historical institutionalism to consider the impact of housing-policy responses following the Grenfell fire on the marginalisation of the social-housing resident. We consider three specific policy responses: reform focused on conditions of rented properties; the social-housing White Paper; and building regulation and building-safety reforms. We suggest that, in historical institutionalist terms, each is part of a matrix of reform in which understandings of the social-housing resident play a critical role. We argue that rather than the fire provoking a paradigm shift in the recognition that government accords to the ignored and stigmatised citizens who live in social housing, the policy initiatives to date indicate a much more limited adjustment of policy within a normal frame. We suggest that this is because housing policy is dominated by a consumerist ideology that is self-reinforcing and ignores the social, economic and political complexity of tenure.
The Homelessness Reduction Act 2017: furthering not fracturing marginalisation of those experiencing homelessness
Authors: Bevan Chris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Homelessness Reduction Act 2017 represents the most significant change to the rights of homeless people in England for decades. Through an analysis of the history of homelessness legislation in England, but focusing on the ‘ground-breaking’ 2017 Act, this paper explores how the homeless population is represented and ‘constructed’ in this new legislation and what this tells us about the place of homeless people in our society. In so doing, this paper exposes how the 2017 Act – a state instrument of apparent homelessness prevention – can be read and understood as contributing to rather than obviating the marginalisation and social exclusion of homeless people.
Doherty power amplifier output networks with maximized bandwidth
Authors: Alemdar Sinan , Atalar Abdullah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA method is presented to optimize the combining network and the post-matching network of a Doherty power amplifier (DPA) for maximizing the bandwidth. For widely applicable results, RF power transistors are approximated in the large-signal regime using a simple analytical model with a few parameters. A definition of bandwidth of DPA is given, which involves gain and efficiency at full-power and 6 dB backoff. Different combining network topologies are compared in terms of this bandwidth definition. The element values are optimized using two factors, one to scale the combining node impedance and the other to scale the impedance seen by the transistors. For each optimized topology, explicit formulas are given resulting in the element values in terms of the optimized values and a few transistor parameters. The method presented also leads to a proper selection of the post-matching network.
Acute Sensitivity of Global Ocean Circulation and Heat Content to Eddy Energy Dissipation Timescale
Authors: Mak J. , Marshall D. P. , Madec G. , Maddison J. R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe global ocean overturning circulation, critically dependent on the global density stratification, plays a central role in regulating climate evolution. While it is well known that the global stratification profile exhibits a strong dependence to Southern Ocean dynamics and in particular to wind and buoyancy forcing, we demonstrate here that the stratification is also acutely sensitive to the mesoscale eddy energy dissipation timescale. Within the context of a global ocean circulation model with an energy constrained mesoscale eddy parameterization, it is shown that modest variations in the eddy energy dissipation timescale lead to significant variations in key metrics relating to ocean circulation, namely the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation strength, and global ocean heat content, over long timescales. The results highlight a need to constrain uncertainties associated with eddy energy dissipation for climate model projections over centennial timescales and also for paleoclimate simulations over millennial timescales.
Are Terrestrial Biosphere Models Fit for Simulating the Global Land Carbon Sink?
Authors: Seiler Christian , Melton Joe R. , Arora Vivek K. , Sitch Stephen , Friedlingstein Pierre , Anthoni Peter , Goll Daniel , Jain Atul K. , Joetzjer Emilie , Lienert Sebastian , Lombardozzi Danica , Luyssaert Sebastiaan , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Tian Hanqin , Vuichard Nicolas , Walker Anthony P. , Yuan Wenping , Zaehle Sönke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Global Carbon Project estimates that the terrestrial biosphere has absorbed about one‐third of anthropogenic CO2 emissions during the 1959–2019 period. This sink‐estimate is produced by an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models and is consistent with the land uptake inferred from the residual of emissions and ocean uptake. The purpose of our study is to understand how well terrestrial biosphere models reproduce the processes that drive the terrestrial carbon sink. One challenge is to decide what level of agreement between model output and observation‐based reference data is adequate considering that reference data are prone to uncertainties. To define such a level of agreement, we compute benchmark scores that quantify the similarity between independently derived reference data sets using multiple statistical metrics. Models are considered to perform well if their model scores reach benchmark scores. Our results show that reference data can differ considerably, causing benchmark scores to be low. Model scores are often of similar magnitude as benchmark scores, implying that model performance is reasonable given how different reference data are. While model performance is encouraging, ample potential for improvements remains, including a reduction in a positive leaf area index bias, improved representations of processes that govern soil organic carbon in high latitudes, and an assessment of causes that drive the inter‐model spread of gross primary productivity in boreal regions and humid tropics. The success of future model development will increasingly depend on our capacity to reduce and account for observational uncertainties.
SIX5-activated LINC01468 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by recruiting SERBP1 to regulate SERPINE1 mRNA stability and recruiting USP5 to facilitate PAI1 protein deubiquitylation
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Zhou Danyang , Chen Feifei , Yang Zhenhua , Gu Wei , Zhang Kai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncreasing research has uncovered the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the progression of multiple cancers including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). RT-qPCR and western blot were done to measure RNAs and proteins. Functional assays assessed LUAD cell biological behaviors under knockdown or overexpression of LINC01468, SIX5, SERBP1 or SERPINE1, and the specific function of those genes in regulating LUAD progression was evaluated via animal experiments. Supported by bioinformatics analysis, the interaction among genes was verified via mechanism assays. Upregulation of LINC01468 in LUAD tissues and cells as well as its association with poor clinical outcome was predicted. LINC01468, transcriptionally activated by SIX5, could strengthen proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of LUAD cells. The oncogenic role of LINC01468 was further validated via animal experiments. SIX5 was a positive transcription regulator of LINC01468 and could exacerbate LUAD cell malignant behaviors. LINC01468 could recruit SERBP1 to enhance SERPINE1 mRNA stability and interact with USP5 to affect PAI1 protein ubiquitination. The oncogenic role of SERBP1 and SERPINE1 was also confirmed. Rescue experiments finally verified LINC01468 modulated proliferation, migration and invasion of LUAD cells via upregulation of SERPINE1. Our observations could contribute to deeper understanding of LUAD.
Mitochondria bridge HIF signaling and ferroptosis blockage in acute kidney injury
Authors: Li Wenju , Xiang Zhidan , Xing Yuexian , Li Shen , Shi Shaolin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFerroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, plays an important role in acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies have shown that prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD) inhibitors that activate HIF signaling provide strong protection against AKI, which is characterized by marked cell death. However, the relationship between PHD inhibition/HIF signaling and ferroptosis in AKI has not been elucidated. Here, we review recent studies to explore the issue. First, we will review the literature concerning the functions of HIF in promoting mitophagy, suppressing mitochondrial respiration and modulating redox homeostasis. Second, we will describe the current understanding of ferroptosis and its role in AKI, particularly from the perspective of mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we will discuss the possibility that mitochondria link PHD inhibition/HIF signaling and ferroptosis in AKI. In conclusion, we propose that HIF may protect renal cells against ferroptosis in AKI by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and damage.
Efficient iron single-atom catalysts for selective ammoxidation of alcohols to nitriles
Authors: Sun Kangkang , Shan Hongbin , Neumann Helfried , Lu Guo-Ping , Beller Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractZeolitic imidazolate frameworks derived Fe1-N-C catalysts with isolated single iron atoms have been synthesized and applied for selective ammoxidation reactions. For the preparation of the different Fe-based materials, benzylamine as an additive proved to be essential to tune the morphology and size of ZIFs resulting in uniform and smaller particles, which allow stable atomically dispersed Fe–N4 active sites. The optimal catalyst Fe1-N-C achieves an efficient synthesis of various aryl, heterocyclic, allylic, and aliphatic nitriles from alcohols in water under very mild conditions. With its chemoselectivity, recyclability, high efficiency under mild conditions this new system complements the toolbox of catalysts for nitrile synthesis, which are important intermediates with many applications in life sciences and industry.
CRISPR-mediated multiplexed live cell imaging of nonrepetitive genomic loci with one guide RNA per locus
Authors: Clow Patricia A. , Du Menghan , Jillette Nathaniel , Taghbalout Aziz , Zhu Jacqueline J. , Cheng Albert W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) structures of the genome are dynamic, heterogeneous and functionally important. Live cell imaging has become the leading method for chromatin dynamics tracking. However, existing CRISPR- and TALE-based genomic labeling techniques have been hampered by laborious protocols and are ineffective in labeling non-repetitive sequences. Here, we report a versatile CRISPR/Casilio-based imaging method that allows for a nonrepetitive genomic locus to be labeled using one guide RNA. We construct Casilio dual-color probes to visualize the dynamic interactions of DNA elements in single live cells in the presence or absence of the cohesin subunit RAD21. Using a three-color palette, we track the dynamic 3D locations of multiple reference points along a chromatin loop. Casilio imaging reveals intercellular heterogeneity and interallelic asynchrony in chromatin interaction dynamics, underscoring the importance of studying genome structures in 4D.
Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement NMR as a tool to probe guest binding and exchange in metallohosts
Authors: Swartjes Anne , White Paul B. , Bruekers Jeroen P. J. , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Nolte Roeland J. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractParamagnetic metallohost systems can bind guest molecules and find application as biomimetic catalysts. Due to the presence of the paramagnetic metal center, rigorous characterization of these systems by NMR spectroscopy can be very difficult. We report here that metallohost-guest systems can be studied by using the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) effect. Manganese(III) porphyrin cage compounds are shown through their PRE to thread and bind viologen guests, including a polymeric one. The binding constants and dethreading activation parameters are lower than those of the metal-free porphyrin cage compounds, which is proposed to be a result of charge repulsion of the trivalent metal center and dicationic viologen guest. The threading rate of the manganese(III) porphyrin cage onto the polymer is more than 10 times faster than that of the non-metallated one, which is ascribed to initial binding of the cage to the polymer chain prior to threading, and to an entron effect.
Electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene by ultrathin CuO nanoplate arrays
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhai Pengbo , Li Aowen , Wei Bo , Si Kunpeng , Wei Yi , Wang Xingguo , Zhu Guangda , Chen Qian , Gu Xiaokang , Zhang Ruifeng , Zhou Wu , Gong Yongji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon fuels and chemical feedstocks is an appealing approach to mitigate excessive CO2 emissions. However, the reported catalysts always show either a low Faradaic efficiency of the C2+ product or poor long-term stability. Herein, we report a facile and scalable anodic corrosion method to synthesize oxygen-rich ultrathin CuO nanoplate arrays, which form Cu/Cu2O heterogeneous interfaces through self-evolution during electrocatalysis. The catalyst exhibits a high C2H4 Faradaic efficiency of 84.5%, stable electrolysis for ~55 h in a flow cell using a neutral KCl electrolyte, and a full-cell ethylene energy efficiency of 27.6% at 200 mA cm−2 in a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer. Mechanism analyses reveal that the stable nanostructures, stable Cu/Cu2O interfaces, and enhanced adsorption of the *OCCOH intermediate preserve selective and prolonged C2H4 production. The robust and scalable produced catalyst coupled with mild electrolytic conditions facilitates the practical application of electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Predictive biomarkers for survival benefit with ramucirumab in urothelial cancer in the RANGE trial
Authors: van der Heijden Michiel S. , Powles Thomas , Petrylak Daniel , de Wit Ronald , Necchi Andrea , Sternberg Cora N. , Matsubara Nobuaki , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Castellano Daniel , Hussain Syed A. , Bamias Aristotelis , Gakis Georgios , Lee Jae-Lyun , Tagawa Scott T. , Vaishampayan Ulka , Aragon-Ching Jeanny B. , Eigl Bernie J. , Hozak Rebecca R. , Rasmussen Erik R. , Xia Meng Summer , Rhodes Ryan , Wijayawardana Sameera , Bell-McGuinn Katherine M. , Aggarwal Amit , Drakaki Alexandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe RANGE study (NCT02426125) evaluated ramucirumab (an anti-VEGFR2 monoclonal antibody) in patients with platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). Here, we use programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) and transcriptome analysis to evaluate the association of immune and angiogenesis pathways, and molecular subtypes, with overall survival (OS) in UC. Higher PD-L1 IHC and immune pathway scores, but not angiogenesis scores, are associated with greater ramucirumab OS benefit. Additionally, Basal subtypes, which have higher PD-L1 IHC and immune/angiogenesis pathway scores, show greater ramucirumab OS benefit compared to Luminal subtypes, which have relatively lower scores. Multivariable analysis suggests patients from East Asia as having lower immune/angiogenesis signature scores, which correlates with decreased ramucirumab OS benefit. Our data highlight the utility of multiple biomarkers including PD-L1, molecular subtype, and immune phenotype in identifying patients with UC who might derive the greatest benefit from treatment with ramucirumab.
Phagosomal signalling of the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 is terminated by intramembrane proteolysis
Authors: Mentrup Torben , Stumpff-Niggemann Anna Yamina , Leinung Nadja , Schlosser Christine , Schubert Katja , Wehner Rebekka , Tunger Antje , Schatz Valentin , Neubert Patrick , Gradtke Ann-Christine , Wolf Janina , Rose-John Stefan , Saftig Paul , Dalpke Alexander , Jantsch Jonathan , Schmitz Marc , Fluhrer Regina , Jacobsen Ilse D. , Schröder Bernd 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSensing of pathogens by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) is critical to initiate protective host defence reactions. However, activation of the immune system has to be carefully titrated to avoid tissue damage necessitating mechanisms to control and terminate PRR signalling. Dectin-1 is a PRR for fungal β-glucans on immune cells that is rapidly internalised after ligand-binding. Here, we demonstrate that pathogen recognition by the Dectin-1a isoform results in the formation of a stable receptor fragment devoid of the ligand binding domain. This fragment persists in phagosomal membranes and contributes to signal transduction which is terminated by the intramembrane proteases Signal Peptide Peptidase-like (SPPL) 2a and 2b. Consequently, immune cells lacking SPPL2b demonstrate increased anti-fungal ROS production, killing capacity and cytokine responses. The identified mechanism allows to uncouple the PRR signalling response from delivery of the pathogen to degradative compartments and identifies intramembrane proteases as part of a regulatory circuit to control anti-fungal immune responses.
DELE1 tracks perturbed protein import and processing in human mitochondria
Authors: Fessler Evelyn , Krumwiede Luisa , Jae Lucas T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProtein homeostatic control of mitochondria is key to age-related diseases and organismal decline. However, it is unknown how the diverse types of stress experienced by mitochondria can be integrated and appropriately responded to in human cells. Here we identify perturbations in the ancient conserved processes of mitochondrial protein import and processing as sources of DELE1 activation: DELE1 is continuously sorted across both mitochondrial membranes into the matrix and detects different types of perturbations along the way. DELE1 molecules in transit can become licensed for mitochondrial release and stress signaling through proteolytic removal of N-terminal sorting signals. Import defects that occur at the mitochondrial surface allow DELE1 precursors to bind and activate downstream factor HRI without the need for cleavage. Genome-wide genetics reveal that DELE1 additionally responds to compromised presequence processing by the matrix proteases PITRM1 and MPP, which are mutated in neurodegenerative diseases. These mechanisms rationalize DELE1-dependent mitochondrial stress integration in the human system and may inform future therapies of neuropathies.