bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure of the split property in gravity and the information paradox
Authors: Raju Suvrat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In an ordinary quantum field theory, the ‘split property’ implies that the state of the system can be specified independently on a bounded subregion of a Cauchy slice and its complement. This property does not hold for theories of gravity, where observables near the boundary of the Cauchy slice uniquely fix the state on the entire slice. The original formulation of the information paradox explicitly assumed the split property and we follow this assumption to isolate the precise error in Hawking’s argument. A similar assumption also underpins the monogamy paradox of Mathur and AMPS. Finally, the same assumption is used to support the common idea that the entanglement entropy of the region outside a black hole should follow a Page curve. It is for this reason that computations of the Page curve have been performed only in nonstandard theories of gravity, which include a nongravitational bath and massive gravitons. The fine-grained entropy at

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does not obey a Page curve for an evaporating black hole in standard theories of gravity but we discuss possibilities for coarse graining that might lead to a Page curve in such cases.
Overview of photonic devices based on functional material-integrated photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Li Shuguang , Cheng Tonglei , Li Jianshe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have brought tremendous advancements due to their predominant feature of a peculiar air-hole arrangement in the 2D direction. Functional materials like metals, magnetic fluids, nematic liquid crystals, graphene and so on, are being extensively adopted for integration with PCFs to obtain extraordinary transmission properties. This review takes the development stages of photonic devices based on functional material-infiltrated PCFs into consideration, covering the overview of common materials and their photoelectric characteristics, state-of-art infiltrating/coating techniques, and the corresponding applications involving polarization filtering and splitting devices in optical communication and sensing elements related to multiple-parameter measurement. The cladding airhole of PCFs provides a natural optofluidic channel for materials to be introduced, light–matter interaction to beenhanced, and transmission properties to be extended, in this case, a lab on a fiber are able to be implemented. This paves the way for the development of photonic devices in the aspects of compact, multi-functional integration as well as electromagnetic resistance. When the PCFs are integrated with the phemomenon of surface plasmon resonance, the property of tunable refractive indices, and the flexible geometry structures, it comes up to some representative researches on polarization filters, multiplexer-demultiplexers, splitters, couplers and sensors. It makes a candidate for widespread fields of telecommunication, signal-capacity, and high-performance sensing.
Tunable dual plasmon-induced transparency and slow-light analysis based on monolayer patterned graphene metamaterial
Authors: Yao Pengju , Zeng Biao , Gao Enduo , Zhang Hao , Liu Chao , Li Min , Li Hongjian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We propose a novel terahertz metamaterial structure based on patterned monolayer graphene. This structure produces an evident dual plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) phenomenon due to destructive interference between bright and dark modes. Since the Fermi level of graphene can be adjusted by an external bias voltage, the PIT phenomenon can be tuned by adjusting the voltage. Then the coupled-mode theory (CMT) is introduced to explore the internal mechanism of the PIT. After that, we investigate the variation of absorption rate at different graphene carrier mobilities, and it shows that the absorption rate of this structure can reach 50%, which is a guideline for the realization of graphene terahertz absorption devices. In addition, through the study of the slow-light performance for this structure, it is found that its group index is as high as 928, which provides a specific theoretical basis for the study of graphene slow-light devices.
Y2O3-based memristive crossbar array for synaptic learning
Authors: Gautam Mohit Kumar , Kumar Sanjay , Mukherjee Shaibal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Here, we report the fabrication of an Y2O3-based memristive crossbar array along with an analytical model to evaluate the performance of the memristive array system to understand the forgetting and retention behavior in the neuromorphic computation. The developed analytical model is able to simulate the highly dense memristive crossbar array-based neural network of biological synapses. These biological synapses control the communication efficiency between neurons and can implement the learning capability of the neurons. During electrical stimulation of the memristive devices, the memory transition is exhibited along with the number of applied voltage pulses, which is analogous to the real human brain functionality. Further, to obtain the forgetting and retention behavior of the memristive devices, a modified window function equation is proposed by incorporating two novel internal state variables in the form of forgetting rate and retention. The obtained results confirm that the effect of variation in electrical stimuli on forgetting and retention is similar to that of the biological brain. Therefore, the developed analytical memristive model can further be utilized in the memristive system to develop real-world applications in neuromorphic domains.
Freestanding Fe3O4/Ti3C2T
x
MXene/polyurethane composite film with efficient electromagnetic shielding and ultra-stretchable performance
Authors: Hu Yongqin , Hou Chen , Shi Yuxia , Wu Jiamei , Yang Da , Huang Zhuili , Wang Yan , Liu Yufei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Electromagnetic pollution seriously affects the human reproductive system, cardiovascular system, people’s visual system, and so on. A novel versatile stretchable and biocompatible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding film has been developed, which could effectively attenuate electromagnetic radiation. The EMI shielding film was fabricated with a convenient solution casting and steam annealing with 2D MXene, iron oxide nanoparticles, and soluble polyurethane. The EMI shielding effectiveness is about 30.63 dB at 8.2 GHz, based on its discretized interfacial scattering and high energy conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, the excellent tensile elongation is 30.5%, because of the sliding migration and gradient structure of the nanomaterials doped in a polymer matrix. In addition, the film also demonstrated wonderful biocompatibility and did not cause erythema and discomfort even after being attached to the arm skin over 12 h, which shows the great potential for attenuation of electromagnetic irradiation and protection of human health.
Reversible down-regulation and up-regulation of catalytic activity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-anchored gold nanoparticles
Authors: Han Yufen , Li Jiaqian , Zhang Xiaojin , Xia Fan , Dai Yu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Regulating catalytic activity plays an important role in further optimizing and developing multifunctional catalysts with high selectivity and high activity. Reversible dual regulation of catalytic activity has always been a challenging task. Here, we prepared poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-anchored gold nanoparticles (AuNP@CDs-Azo-PNIPAM) through host-guest interaction of cyclodextrin capped gold nanoparticles (AuNP@CDs) and azobenzene-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (Azo-PNIPAM). Azo-PNIPAM as thermal and light responsive ligand allows reversible dual regulation of catalytic activity. When the temperature is higher than the lowest critical solution temperature, the PNIPAM chain shrinks rapidly, increasing the steric hindrance around AuNPs and reducing the catalytic activity. Under ultraviolet light irradiation, cis-azobenzene disassembles from cyclodextrin and the number of surface active sites of AuNPs increases, which improves the catalytic activity. The reaction rate of UV irradiation is almost 1.3 times that of visible light irradiation. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for the construction of reversible catalysts.
Dealing with artefacts in JET iterative bolometric tomography using masks
Authors: Peluso Emmanuele , Gelfusa Michela , Craciunescu Teddy , Martellucci Luca , Gaudio Pasqualino , Carvalho Pedro , Murari Andrea 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Bolometric tomography is a widely applied technique to infer important indirect quantities in magnetically confined plasmas, such as the total radiated power. However, being an inverse and ill-posed problem, the tomographic algorithms have to be carefully steered to converge on the most appropriate solutions, and often specialists have to balance the quality of the obtained reconstructions between the core and the edge of the plasma. Given the topology of the emission and the layout of the diagnostics in practically all devices, the tomographic inversions of bolometry are often affected by artefacts, which can influence derived quantities and specific studies based on the reproduced tomograms, such as power balance studies and the benchmarking of gyrokinetic simulations. This article deals with the introduction of a simple, but very efficient methodology. It is based on constraining the solution of the tomographic inversions by using a specific estimate of the initial solution, built with the data from specific combinations of detectors (called ‘masks’). It has been tested with phantom and with real data, using the Maximum Likelihood approach at JET. Results show how the obtained tomograms improve sensibly both in the core and at the edge of the device, when compared with those obtained without the use of masks as the initial guess. The correction for the main artefacts can have a significant impact on the interpretation of both the core (electron transport, alpha heating) and the edge physics (detachment, SOL). The method is completely general and can be applied by any iterative algorithm starting from an initial guess for the emission profile to be reconstructed.
Biochemical indicators of woody plants in the diagnosis of air condition
Authors: Anishchenko L N , Borzdyko E V , Dolganova M V , Moskalenko I V , Avramenko M V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is found that anthropogenic pollution has a significant effect on the change in the content of total nitrogen, glutathione and vitamin E, which increases the resistance of woody plants to stress. A series of woody plants with regard to their sensitivity to aerosol pollution has been compiled: according to the degree of decrease in total nitrogen – Picea abies > Thuja occidentalis > Syringa vulgaris > Acer platanoides > Tilia cordata > Sorbus aucuparia; the degree of decrease in glutathione content – Picea abies > Thuja occidentalis > Syringa vulgaris > Acer platanoides > Tilia cordata > Sorbus aucuparia; the degree of decrease in the content of vitamin E – Picea abies > Thuja occidentalis > Sorbus aucuparia > Tilia cordata > Syringa vulgaris > Acer platanoides. A positive correlation was revealed between the biochemical parameters of woody plants and the monitoring complex indices proposed by the Russian meteorological service. A close direct regression dependence of the air pollution index and the average stability coefficient for the content of total nitrogen, vitamin E and glutathione in the biomass of model woody plants was revealed: with an increase in the degree of air pollution, the average stability coefficient for certain biochemical indicators increases.
Synanthropic rodent fauna of Eastern Transbaikalia in the early 21st century
Authors: Bazhenov Yu A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article provides information on the synanthropic rodent fauna of Eastern Transbaikalia. In 2017–2020 the city of Chita, the town of Baley and small settlements of Zabaykalsky krai were surveyed. True synanthropes: the house mouse and the brown rat are most abundant in residential landscapes. Natural populations of the house mouse are typical for coastal biotopes of the steppe zone, and the brown rat is typical for forest-steppe zone of Zabaykalsky krai. In Chita (administrative centre of Zabaykalsky krai) the share of the brown rat in rodent communities has considerably increased in recent decades. There is an extension of the brown rat’s habitat in the area of Baikal-Amur Mainline. Optional synanthropes: striped field mouse, striped dwarf hamster, Maximowicz’s vole, and narrow-headed vole are less important in residential landscapes of the region. In the beginning of the 21st century the field mouse is extending its habitat to the disjunct zone to the west of Transbaikalia: it is now common in the residential area of the town of Baley. Penetration of another optional synanthropic species recorded in the neighbouring Siberian regions – the East European vole – has not been detected.
Ice 0: the experimental proof of its existence – the result of combining approaches used in radiophysics, geology and geography
Authors: Bordonskiy G S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The experience of combining the efforts of researchers working at the interface of radiophysics, geology and geography is discussed. The effectiveness of such collaboration of researchers is shown by the example of the experimental proof of the existemce of a new crystalline modiciation of ice, ice 0. This kind of ice is formed at the temperature below –23 °C out of supercooled water, and, together with ice Ih and ice Ic, may be formed at the temperatures and pressures corresponding to the surface layers of the Earth’s atmosphere. For this reason, this study is of great interest for understanding the natural processes taking place in the geospheres (atmosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere).
The effectiveness of the use of Sinorhizobium meliloti in the cultivation of variable alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.)
Authors: Ivanova E P , Skalozub O M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As a result of three-year studies, we have established a growth in the yield and feed advantages of variable alfalfa in the variants with inoculation of seeds with virulent active strains of rhizobia. The total yield augmentation of green mass in the experimental variants over the three years of alfalfa life were 6.8–13.7 % compared to the control ones. The positive effect of inoculation with virulent active rhizobia strains on the total collection of dry matter was expressed in its increase in experimental conditions by 12.6–21.7 %. The highest yield of green mass, as well as dry matter was obtained in the variant with the inoculation of alfalfa seeds with the main production strain 425. The researched factor has a positive effect on the collection of feed units, digestible protein and feed protein units from 1 ha. The collection of feed units per hectare in the experimental versions increases by 1.1–1.3 times, the collection of digestible protein – by 1.2–1.4 times. The maximum substance of feed units and digestible protein per hectare was observed in the version with seed inoculation with strain 425a. The provision of a feed unit with digestible protein increases by 10.44–18.18 g or by 6.1–10.6 %.
The ecological characteristics of small rivers in the Shilka river basin by zoobenthos organisms
Authors: Kazikina S M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Zoobenthos organisms are directly related to the biogeochemical processes occurring at the bottom and in the water column of the channel. The paper presents the results of studies of the quantitative characteristics of the zoobenthos and the water quality of small rivers in the river basin of Shilka in the area of gold mining enterprises.
Analysis of recreational needs of visitors to the Arey Nature Park
Authors: Pomazkova N V , Ts Darmaeva O 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of a sociological survey of visitors to the Arey Nature Park. Based on the questionnaire conducted in July 2020, the paper demonstrates an analysis of recreational needs and a sociological portrait of a visitor to the Arey Nature Park. The article analyses suggestions of vacationers and contains recommendations based on the identified needs and problems mentioned by the visitors in the organization of operation of the protected area. Almost all park visitors note a strong appeal to the natural scenery of the territory. The sanitary condition of the territory and the limited range of services available are highlighted as significant shortcomings in the operation of the park administration.
Water as a thermodynamic parameter of biosphere evolution
Authors: Ptitsyn A B , Matyugina E B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Water has a profound influence on the evolution of the biosphere and can be regarded as a thermodynamic parameter. The priorities and objectives in this research include determining the hydrological features of rivers and lakes in the region as indicators of the thermodynamic activity of water in the evolutionary processes; hydrology and ecology of the cryptobiosphere; the effects of water on the evolutionary adaptations and strategies in living organisms in biogeochemical systems of different origins; and the hydrology of possible alternative stable states of biogeochemical systems.
Technogenesis and Ecological State of Natural Waters in Eastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Ts Tsybekmitova G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The research on the state of water ecosystems is significant in terms of future biological impacts of natural and anthropogenic effects. The key branches of natural resources management in Eastern Transbaikalia (agriculture, hydraulic power industry) are based on using water resources. The findings show that technogenesis affects surface waters of the region. Alluvial gold mining represents a significant part of mining industry. Gold mining in river channels results in run-of-stream diversion and interferes with the ecosystem of watercourses. A newly formed structure of a water ecosystem is not favourable for self-purification capacity of rivers. This leads to pollutants accumulation in water objects and deteriorates ecological state of watercourses. Natural components in the technoecosystem of hydropower objects in Eastern Transbaikalia are Lake Kenon and the Kharanor Reservoir. Although the catchment area is polluted by TPP-1, the ecosystem of the lake is still capable of self-purification due to biodiversity of hydrobionts. Under the dry climate in recent years, the Kharanor Reservoir ecosystem turned as rather unstable due to constant refilling from the Onon River. However, generally, pigment indices show physiological activity of primary producers of organic matter.
Plant communities with Ulmus japonica (Rehd.) Sarg. in Eastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Vikulina N A , Kayukova S N , Ishina L A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article presents the data of long-term studies of communities with U. japonica in Eastern Transbaikalia, in particular, the results of anatomical studies, floristic, ecological and biological, biomorphological and arealogical analysis of the flora of elms.
Bituminous substances in soils of Baikal Rift zone
Authors: Vishnyakova O V , Ubugunova V I , Ubugunov V L , Ubugunov L L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Parameters of hydrocarbon complex of the soils of lacustrine-alluvial plain and sandy uplands of the Baikal rift zone within the Barguzin Depression have been studied. Data were obtained on organic (non-carbonate) carbon, chloroform and hexane bitumoids, as well as on individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The content, composition and properties of bitumoids vary depending on the intensity of endogenous activity. In soils located in the zone of active unload of hydrothermal waters and hydrocarbon fluids, atypical accumulation of organic carbon was noted; the concentrations of bitumoids do not correlate with its content. High values of the bitumoid coefficient, significant level of polycyclic aromatic compounds and their diversity, in combination with salts accumulation, indicate an additional influx of hydrocarbons and instability of the soil hydrocarbon system. The level of the indicators shifts towards background values in the soils of sandy hills with a complex combination of exogenous and endogenous factors of soil forming. Studied parameters of the soil hydrocarbon system in aggregate can serve as markers of the intensity of endogenous processes.
Quantitative characteristics of zooplankton in the rivers of the Upper Amur Basin, exposed to the effects of placer gold mining
Authors: Zykova E H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Research conducted in June and September 2020 showed that the species composition of rotifers and lower crustaceans in 17 water courses of the Upper Amur Basin, exposed to the effects of placer gold mining, included 43 species. Most of the water courses were researched for the first time. Based on the environmental and geographic assessment, the prevalent species were widespread and eurytopic. Most parts of the rivers were characterised by low quantitative characteristics (0.01–3.77 × 103 ind. m-3 and 0.06–54.64 mg m-3), which was explained by the hygrological conditions and long-term effects of mining in the river beds. A better productivity (up to 39 × 103 ind. m-3 and 228 mg m-3) was registered in the areas of former excavations in the river beds, with slower water exchange and better conditions for the development of zooplankton.
Efficiency of using peroxide-carbonate compounds in reagent complexes for leaching gold hard to recover from placer
Authors: Sekisov A G , Konareva T G , Yu Lavrov A , Yu Burov V , Emirziadi E S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article deals with the data of theoretical and experimental studies of the processes of activation gold leaching using reactive peroxide carbonate compounds, obtained by electrophotochemical treatment of solutions of initial reagents of the corresponding composition, in the composition of reagent complexes. The obtained results of the experiments on the interaction of various carbonate and peroxide-carbonate compounds with sodium cyanide in the process of mixing activated and non-activated solutions with aqueous cyanide solutions in different order definitely prove that supramolecular percarbonate-cyanide compounds are being formed in them. It has been established that these activated solutions, prepared on the basis of the initial hydrocarbonate ones, contain metastable compounds that provide a higher rate of gold extraction from crude minerals than standard aqueous cyanic solutions of the same initial concentration.
Antimony, arsenic and bismuth in sediments of the Ukureyskaya formation of the Olovskaya depression in Transbaikalia, containing fossil remains of the dinosaurs of a new genus and species Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus
Authors: Vasilenko E A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The concentrations of antimony, arsenic, and bismuth in sediments of the Ukureyskaya formation of the Olovskaya Depression in Transbaikalia are considered. It was determined that their maximum concentrations are confined to the sediments around the village of Novoberezovskoye and Kulinda locality, which contains fossils of the dinosaurs Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus.