bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding laser protective eyewear requirements
Authors: Tibbitt Donald 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRegardless of the type of laser, all can produce biological effects on the human body if protective eyewear is not used. Many lasers produce a beam of light in the UV or infrared spectrum that our eyes are not able to detect. To qualify as laser‐protective eyewear, independent laboratory tests validate and certify the protective capabilities and optical density (OD) against the standard, using the actual laser, including performing destructive testing. This certification is required to meet standards like European norm CE EN207 and American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers ANSI Z136.
Systemic therapy‐based split‐course stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Zheng Rong , Wang Bisi , Liang Feihong , Xu Benhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeGiven the therapeutic toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the dose of chemotherapy is always limited. Hence, the question of how to administer adequate chemotherapy to synchronize stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment strategy for maximizing the benefits of neoadjuvant therapy to improve prognosis is a challenging and debatable issue.MethodsWe summarized the major clinical trials and preclinical studies of split‐course CRT and split‐course SBRT and explored the feasibility and theoretical advantages of implementing split‐course SBRT and systemic therapy simultaneously.ResultsSplit‐course radiotherapy is a strategy mainly proposed with the aim of further reducing the toxicity of radiotherapy and improving the patient's treatment tolerance, with added features of the extended interval between the fractions instead of daily irradiation. In the past, split‐course radiotherapy was not a recommended treatment strategy in terms of local tumor control rates, late response rates, and survival without significant improvement relative to continuous radiotherapy. Split‐course SBRT has different biological effects compared to split‐course conventional radiotherapy (CRT). The current findings suggest that the split‐course SBRT model has good treatment tolerance and facilitates the implementation of adaptive radiotherapy.ConclusionThis treatment strategy facilitates the upgrading of radiotherapy doses and the combination with systemic therapy, especially with vascular targeting agents and immunotherapy, thus avoiding the disadvantages of split‐course CRT, such as reduced local control rate, increased treatment time and economic cost, and has the potential to achieve better tumor suppression.
Adaptively implicit MPDATA advection for arbitrary Courant numbers and meshes
Authors: Weller Hilary , Woodfield James , Kühnlein Christian , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdvection schemes with time step restrictions are widely used in weather and climate models. This can lead to instability in the presence of high flow speeds (relative to mesh spacing) such as occurs in convective updraughts, regions of mesh convergence, or where the winds are unusually high. An adaptively implicit advection scheme is proposed that treats advection implicitly only where the Courant number is high. Flux correction to ensure monotonicity is adapted to work with implicit time stepping. A version of the multidimensional positive‐definite advection transport algorithm MPDATA is derived with an anti‐diffusive flux compensating truncation errors of off‐centred implicit time stepping. The anti‐diffusive flux is gradually reduced as Courant numbers increase above 2 in order to maintain stability at the expense of second‐order accuracy at high Courant numbers. Results of two‐dimensional advection by deformational flow are presented on various meshes of the sphere. Stability and second‐order accuracy are maintained when the Courant number is over 100 in a small region, when strong wind crosses the poles of a rotated latitude–longitude mesh. Good solutions are also obtained on a skipped latitude–longitude mesh, a cubed sphere, and hexagonal meshes. Accuracy reverts to first order when Courant numbers are large over a large fraction of the domain.
A new adaptive second‐order sliding mode controller design for nonlinear systems with multiple uncertainties
Authors: Ding Chen , Ma Li , Ding Shihong 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThis study is dedicated to solving the problem of a new adaptive second‐order sliding mode (SOSM) controller design for a type of nonlinear systems with multiple uncertainties by using adding a power integrator (API) and the parameter separation techniques. Supported by the finite‐time Lyapunov theory, the finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system under the proposed adaptive SOSM controller has been firmly guaranteed. The significant advantages here lie in that the prior knowledge about the bounds of uncertainties is not required in the designed adaptive SOSM control approach, and the switching gain can be tuned dynamically. Finally, a numerical example is presented to indicate the notable feature and effectiveness of the designed adaptive SOSM approach.
Developing Water‐Stable Pore‐Partitioned Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Multi‐Level Symmetry for High‐Performance Sorption Applications
Authors: Xiao Yuchen , Hong Anh N. , Chen Yichong , Yang Huajun , Wang Yanxiang , Bu Xianhui , Feng Pingyun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA new perspective is proposed in the design of pore‐space‐partitioned MOFs that is focused on ligand symmetry properties sub‐divided here into three hierarchical levels: 1) overall ligand, 2) ligand substructure such as backbone or core, and 3) the substituent groups. Different combinations of the above symmetry properties exist. Given the close correlation between nature of chemical moiety and its symmetry, such a unique perspective into ligand symmetry and sub‐symmetry in MOF design translates into the influences on MOF properties. Five new MOFs have been prepared that exhibit excellent hydrothermal stability and high‐performance adsorption properties with potential applications such as C3H6/C2H4 and C2H2/CO2 selective adsorption. The combination of high stability with high benzene/cyclohexane selectivity of ≈13.7 is also of particular interest.
Atomic Magnetic Heating Effect Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Gd@MoS2 Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Zeng Wei , Jiang Zhenzhen , Gong Xunguo , Hu Ce , Luo Xingfang , Lei Wen , Yuan Cailei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtomic heating on single atoms (SAs) to maximize the catalytic efficiency of each active site would be a fascinating solution to break the bottleneck for the performance improvement of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) but highly challenging task. Here, based on the Gd@MoS2 SACs synthesized by a facile laser molecular beam epitaxy method, high‐frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF) technology is employed to induce atomic magnetic heating on Gd SAs that is meanwhile demonstrated to be the catalytic active center. Significant improvement in catalytic kinetics under AMF excitation (3.9 mT) is achieved, yielding a remarkable enhancement of hydrogen evolution reaction magnetothermal‐current by ≈924%. Through theoretical calculations and spin‐related electrochemical experiments, such promotion in catalyst activity can be attributed to spin flip (or canting) in Gd SAs leading to the atomic magnetic heating effect on catalytic active center. Together with the embodied high stability, the implement of AMF to the SAs field is demonstrated in this work, and the precisely atomic magnetic heating on specific SAs offers unprecedented thinking for further improvement of SACs performance in the future.
Lego‐Like Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Enables Controllable DNA‐Oligomer Formation and Spatiotemporal Amplification in Single Molecular Signaling
Authors: Wang Yesheng , Zhu Zhentong , Yu Chunmiao , Wu Ruiping , Zhu Jinbo , Li Bingling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile the solid‐state nanopore shows increasing potential during sensitive and label‐free single molecular analysis, target concentration and signal amplification method is in urgent need. In this article, a solution via designing a model nucleic acid circuit reaction that can produce “Y” shape‐structure three‐way DNA oligomers with controllable size and polymerization degree is proposed. Such a so‐called lego‐like three‐way catalytic hairpin assembly (LK‐3W‐CHA) can provide both concentration amplification (via CHA circuit) and programmable size control (via lego‐like building mode) to enhance spatiotemporal resolution in single molecular sensing of solid‐state nanopore. Oligomers containing 1–4 DNA three‐way junctions (Y monomers, Y1–Y4) are designed in proof‐of‐concept experiments and applications. When the oligomers are applied to direct translocation measurements, Y2‐Y4 can significantly increase the signal resolution and stability than that of Y1. Meanwhile, Y1 to Y4 can be used as the tags on the long DNA carrier to provide very legible secondary signals for specific identification, multiple assays, and information storage. Compared with other possible tags, Y1–Y4 provides higher signal density and amplitude, and quasi‐linear “inner reference” for each other, which may provide more systematic, reliable, and controllable experimental results.
On the influence of architectural languages on requirements traceability
Authors: Ballarín Manuel , Arcega Lorena , Pelechano Vicente , Cetina Carlos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractToday, a considerable number of Architectural Languages (ALs) have been proposed for specifying and analyzing the architecture of software systems. Despite the popularity of different ALs, how ALs influence software system maintainability has not received much attention. One of the most important tasks in software maintenance is requirements traceability. Requirements traceability establishes links between requirements and other software artifacts, facilitating system maintenance. In this paper, we analyze the influence of ALs on requirements traceability. Taking into account the ALs used by the industry, we analyze how ALs influence traceability among requirements and architecture models. We conducted an evaluation with our industrial partner CAF. The results show significant differences in AL performance. We also analyze the results in terms of AL concepts, requirements model elements, and AL type in order to understand the performance differences. General‐Purpose/Research Languages achieve the best results for all of the performance indicators, providing a mean precision value of 0.51, a recall value of 0.38, a combined F‐measure of 0.40, and an Matthews Correlation Coefficient value of 0.33. Those ALs that influence engineers to use more generic and domain‐independent terms to specify their architectures obtain the best results during requirements traceability. Our results have the potential to help AL designers to improve their languages and also to help practitioners make a more informed decision about whether or not a given AL meets their traceability needs.
Target‐enrichment sequencing reveals for the first time a well‐resolved phylogeny of the core Bromelioideae (family Bromeliaceae)
Authors: Bratzel Fabian , Paule Juraj , Leebens‐Mack Jim , Leme Elton M.C. , Forzza Rafaela C. , Koch Marcus A. , Heller Sascha , Zizka Georg 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA phylogenomic analysis of the so far phylogenetically unresolved subfamily Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae) was performed to infer species relationships as the basis for future taxonomic treatment, stabilization of generic concept, and further analyses of evolution and biogeography of the subfamily. A target‐enrichment approach was chosen, using the Angiosperms353 v.4 kit RNA‐baits and including 86 Bromelioideae species representing previously identified major evolutionary lineages. Phylogenetic analyses were based on 125 target nuclear loci, assembled off‐target plastome as well as mitogenome reads. A Bromelioideae phylogeny with a mostly well‐resolved backbone is provided based on nuclear (194 kbp), plastome (109 kbp), and mitogenome data (34 kbp). For the nuclear markers, a coalescent‐based analysis of single‐locus gene trees was performed as well as a supermatrix analysis of concatenated gene alignments. Nuclear and plastome datasets provide well‐resolved trees, which showed only minor topological incongruences. The mitogenome tree is not sufficiently resolved. A total of 26 well‐supported clades were identified. The genera Aechmea, Canistrum, Hohenbergia, Neoregelia, and Quesnelia were revealed polyphyletic. In core Bromelioideae, Acanthostachys is sister to the remainder. Among the 26 recognized clades, 12 correspond with currently employed taxonomic concepts. Hence, the presented phylogenetic framework will serve as an important basis for future taxonomic revisions as well as to better understand the evolutionary drivers and processes in this exciting subfamily.
Lymphoma of the urinary bladder with concomitant septic peritonitis in a dog
Authors: Capasso Angelo , Monti Paola , Morey‐Matamalas Antonia , de Brot Simone , Valls Sanchez Ferran , Tappin Simon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 6‐year‐old, female, neutered German shepherd dog presented with an acute history of stranguria and pollakiuria. The dog was depressed but the remainder of the examination was unremarkable. Urine cytology revealed severe bacteriuria and pyuria, suggesting urinary tract infection, and a low number of large atypical lymphoid cells. Abdominal ultrasound revealed the presence of diffuse thickening of the urinary bladder wall in the area of the trigone, enlargement of the left medial iliac lymph node and a large volume of peritoneal effusion. Cytology of the lymph node confirmed large cell lymphoma, and cytology of the abdominal effusion revealed septic neutrophilic inflammation. Urinary bladder lymphoma and septic peritonitis were diagnosed, and euthanasia was elected. Full gross and histopathological postmortem examination concluded the presence of a primary urinary bladder B‐cell lymphoma. No definitive cause of the septic peritonitis could be established, but bacterial translocation from the urinary bladder was suspected.
Evaluation of the distance sampling technique to monitor gregarious species: A simulation exercise
Authors: Jacquemin Arthur , Vallecillo David , Guillemain Matthieu , Defos Du Rau Pierre , Champagnon Jocelyn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWildlife count data are used to provide estimates of population abundance. To quantify changes in the size of populations, it is necessary to determine the precision of abundance estimates. Ground or aerial survey methods are often intended to be a census and thus do not provide estimates of precision. One solution is to switch approaches to a different sampling and estimation procedure, such as distance sampling. Using an example of the long‐term waterfowl censuses in the Camargue, a major wintering area in southern France, we used simulation to quantify the precision and cost effectiveness of transitioning to a distance sampling approach. Based on abundance and distribution data for 14 species of waterbirds (Anatidae and coot [Fulica atra]) in the Camargue, we evaluated 5 distance sampling scenarios with parallel line transects corresponding to 5 different sampling intensities. Our results suggested that, if the objective of counts is to estimate the abundance of all waterfowl together, switching from pseudo‐total to distance sampling counts would be realistic on both statistical and financial grounds. The most advantageous scenario would correspond to a sampling effort with transect lines spaced 1,000 m apart, which would allow a coefficient of variation of 0.20 for total waterfowl abundance with a 27% increase in flight costs compared to the current method. Heterogeneity in the size of detected bird groups contributed to the variability in our results, however, adjusting sampling effort from 1,750 m spaced transect to 760 m allowed reduced variation by 55%. We recommend proceeding to test flights which would allow some site‐specific parameters to be refined before changing methods. However, the distance sampling method as simulated here would prove impractical to evaluate the abundance and distribution of one species alone.
Birdwatching as a New Tourist Activity in El Hierro Geopark
Authors: Gosálvez Rey Rafael Ubaldo , Navas Berbel Adrián , López de la Nieta González de la Al Diego 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBird watching is one of the most popular ways of getting close to nature, laying the foundations for what is now known as Birdwatching or Birding, nowadays a niche within ecotourism. The Canary Islands are an exceptional centre for ornithological tourism, standing out for the presence of six endemic species that are exclusive worldwide. In this context, the island of El Hierro is the least visited island for bird watching in the Canary Islands archipelago, even though it has been designated as a Biosphere Reserve and Geopark. This paper aims to lay the foundations for the development of ornithological tourism on the island of El Hierro, following the methodology proposed by Gosálvez Rey (El Valle de Alcudia y Sierra Madrona, 2009), Puhakka et al. (PLoS One 6, 2011) and the Ornithological Tourism Strategy for the Canary Islands (SEO/Birdlife in Estrategia de Turismo Ornitológico para la Macaronesia, 2016). A geographical analysis of the diversity of species is addressed, the most suitable trails and points for birdwatching are indicated and the mechanisms for promoting this tourist activity are outlined. The island of El Hierro has 22 species and subspecies of birds of interest for birdwatching, the best areas for birdwatching being the Natura 2000 sites (EU) and Birdlife International's IBAs. The island of El Hierro is served by a network of paths provided by the Cabildo de El Hierro and the Spanish government's Caminos Naturales programme, complemented by a set of fourteen lookout that serve as strategic points for bird watching. The challenge for the island of El Hierro will be to develop birdwatching that respects and even enhances natural values, avoiding endangering the species observed and their habitats.
Brain Imaging Methods in Social and Affective Neuroscience: A Machine Learning Perspective
Authors: Trambaiolli Lucas R. , Biazoli Claudinei E. , Sato João R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMachine learning (ML) is a subarea of artificial intelligence which uses the induction approach to learn based on previous experiences and make conclusions about new inputs (Mitchell, Machine learning. McGraw Hill, 1997). In the last decades, the use of ML approaches to analyze neuroimaging data has attracted widening attention (Pereira et al., Neuroimage 45(1):S199–S209, 2009; Lemm et al., Neuroimage 56(2):387–399, 2011). Particularly interesting recent applications to affective and social neuroscience include affective state decoding, exploring potential biomarkers of neurological and psychiatric disorders, predicting treatment response, and developing real-time neurofeedback and brain-computer interface protocols. In this chapter, we review the bases of the most common neuroimaging techniques, the basic concepts of ML, and how it can be applied to neuroimaging data. We also describe some recent examples of applications of ML-based analysis of neuroimaging data to social and affective neuroscience issues. Finally, we discuss the main ethical aspects and future perspectives for these emerging approaches.
Einleitung
Authors: Ritzi Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungMenschen mit Demenz in professionellen Sorgebeziehungen stellen unter älteren Menschen wohl den Personenkreis dar, der am häufigsten Maßnahmen des wohltätigen Zwangs ausgesetzt ist. Ein kontrovers diskutiertes Beispiel solcher Handlungen stellt die Anwendung freiheitseinschränkender Maßnahmen (FeM) dar, die dabei nicht auf die stationäre Langzeitpflege beschränkt bleibt, sondern auch in der akutstationären und ambulanten Pflege weit verbreitete Praxis ist. FeM wie z. B. mechanische Fixierungen, aufgestellte Bettgitter oder ruhigstellende Medikamente, werden in der Regel zum Wohl des Betroffenen eingesetzt, bspw. um einem Sturzereignis vorzubeugen oder zu verhindern, dass sich Personen durch die Entfernung medizinischer Vorrichtungen selbst verletzen. Zu diesem Zweck halten FeM den betroffenen Menschen von der freien körperlichen Bewegung oder dem Zugriff auf den eigenen Körper ab und greifen somit massiv in dessen Freiheit und leibliche Souveränität ein. Als kritische Darstellung und ethisch-fachliche Reflexion des Phänomens beabsichtigt die vorliegende Untersuchung, der Frage nachzugehen, welche grundlegenden ethischen Prinzipien bei der Anwendung von FeM bei Menschen mit Demenz in professionellen Sorgebeziehungen berührt werden. Dieses Kapitel leitet in den Gegenstand und die Fragestellung der Arbeit ein (Abschn. 1.1) und skizziert zentrale Forschungsdiskurse sowie den theoretischen Rahmen der Arbeit (Abschn. 1.2).
Grundlagen eines ethisch-fachlich fundierten Umgangs mit freiheitseinschränkenden Maßnahmen bei Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Ritzi Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungNachdem im vorangegangenen Kapitel die Anerkennung der Personalität sowie der Vulnerabilität von Menschen mit Demenz als ethische und fachliche Grundlagen für professionelle Sorgebeziehungen ausgearbeitet und bereits einige Implikationen dieser Grundlagen für die Problematik der Anwendung von FeM diskutiert wurden, gilt es in diesem Kapitel, FeM selbst auf ihre ethische Struktur hin zu befragen. Dazu sollen zunächst, ausgehend von dem Deutschen Ethikrat, die Grundlagen für eine ethische Reflexion wohltätiger Zwangsmaßnahmen im Allgemeinen diskutiert werden, um diese nachfolgend mit Blick auf FeM bei Menschen mit Demenz zu vertiefen (Abschn. 4.1). Dabei wird ein Schwerpunkt darauf liegen, den normativen Anspruch der Anerkennung und des Schutzes der Freiheit von Menschen mit Demenz zu begründen und Wege aufzuzeigen, wie dieser Anspruch im Spannungsfeld zwischen Autonomie und Paternalismus umzusetzen ist (Abschn. 4.2). Das Kapitel schließt mit einem Zwischenfazit (Abschn. 4.3), das zu dem Gesamtfazit der Arbeit überleitet.
Creating the ‘Finding Home’ Exhibition
Authors: Boyd Candice P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAfter considering the nature and role of creative co-production in research contexts, Boyd describes the processes involved in producing artworks for the ‘Finding Home’ exhibition based on research findings from the Engaging Youth in Regional Australia (EYRA) Study. Commencing with work produced by some of the study’s participants, Boyd moves on to discuss the commissioning of a set of textile works and a contemporary Aboriginal artwork for the exhibition. The chapter is interwoven with a description of Boyd’s own artworks as an artist-geographer, produced in response but also in sympathy with the rest of the exhibition as it emerged. The chapter concludes with some first-hand reflections on curating a research exhibition.
Closing Thoughts
Authors: Boyd Candice P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this final chapter, Boyd considers the strengths and limitations of the methods used to evaluate the ‘Finding Home’ exhibition, including what can or can’t be measured about the visitor experience. This is further elaborated by pointing out that part of what visitors experience in response to an art exhibition is ineffable, and in making this point, Boyd returns to the concept of affective knowledge translation introduced in Chap. 1. Boyd goes on to emphasise the importance of establishing rapport in working with multiple actors during the production of an art exhibition, as well as raising some caveats about research exhibitions as a ‘technique’ of knowledge translation. Boyd suggests how universities can better support art-based knowledge translation efforts and concludes with some thoughts about transdisciplinarity.