bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and attitudes of apheresis donors regarding apheresis blood donation
Authors: Tarlabelen Karaytuğ Emine , Boyraz Sakine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDemand for apheresis blood donation has increased with the widening of the use of blood transfusion and the decrease in the donor pool. The knowledge level of apheresis donors, their attitudes such as donating again and recommending others to donate via apheresis are important in meeting this demand.ObjectiveThis analytical cross‐sectional study was conducted with 182 plateletpheresis donors to determine their knowledge and attitudes regarding apheresis blood donation.Material and methodsParticipants were asked 34 questions (which were prepared based on the literature and perfected by expert opinion and pre‐administration) to determine their level of knowledge regarding apheresis. A value of 1 point was assigned for each ‘correct’ answer and 0 points for ‘wrong’ and ‘do not know’ answers. Participants' total level of knowledge scores was formulated to have a value between 0 and 100 (i.e., the score of each group was divided into the number of question and multiplied by 100). Participant attitudes were evaluated based on responses to 14 questions using a 5‐point Likert questionnaire.ResultsTotal knowledge scores regarding apheresis were moderate (55 ± 15.2). Those who were educated above the university level (compared to primary school and less, middle and high‐school education levels) had higher level of knowledge scores regarding apheresis. In general, participants had a positive attitude regarding the importance and effects of apheresis blood donation. Those with the following characteristics had a positive attitude (p < 0.05) regarding the importance of apheresis blood donation: female (compared to men), single (compared to married), 18–33 years of age (compared to 34–49 and 50–65 years of age groups, with an above‐university level of education (compared to primary school and less, middle and high‐school education levels), informed regarding apheresis blood donation, first‐time donors and donors to unknown recipients.ConclusionStudy participants demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge and positive attitude regarding the importance of apheresis blood donation. Thus, to enhance attitudes on the procedure and reduce the risk of recipient infections, blood donors should be better informed regarding apheresis blood donation.
Factors associated with HIV viral suppression among children and adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Malawi in 2021: Evidence from the Laboratory Management Information System
Authors: Ng'ambi Wingston Felix , Estill Janne , Jahn Andreas , Orel Erol , Chimpandule Tiwonge , Nyirenda Rose , Keiser Olivia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of HIV viral suppression and assess the factors associated with HIV viral suppression among persons receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Malawi in 2021.MethodsImplementation study using routinely collected patient‐level HIV RNA‐PCR test result data extracted from the national Laboratory Management Information System (LIMS) database managed by the Department of HIV/AIDS in 2021. We calculated frequencies, proportions and odds ratios (OR) of HIV viral suppression with their associated 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). We performed a random‐effects logistic regression to determine the risk factors associated with HIV viral suppression among ART patients, controlling for the spatial autocorrelation between districts and adjusting for other variables.ResultsWe evaluated 515,797 adults and children receiving ART and having a viral load test in 2021. Of these, 92.8% had HIV viral suppression. ART patients living in urban areas had lower likelihood of HIV viral suppression than those living in rural areas (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.92–0.99, p = 0.01). There was an increasing trend in HIV viral suppression with increasing ART duration. Routine VL monitoring samples were 39% more likely to have suppressed VL values than confirmatory HIV VL monitoring samples (aOR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.34–1.43, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis is the first national analysis of Malawi HIV VL data from LIMS. Our findings show the need to particularly consider the urban residents, those below 20 years, males, those on ART for less than a year as well as those on specific ARV regimens in order to persistently suppress HIV VL and consequently achieve the goal of achieving HIV VL suppression by 2030.
Building on health security capacities in Indonesia: Lessons learned from the COVID‐19 pandemic responses and challenges
Authors: Aisyah Dewi Nur , Mayadewi Chyntia Aryanti , Budiharsana Meiwita , Solikha Dewi Amila , Ali Pungkas Bahjuri , Igusti Gayatri , Kozlakidis Zisis , Manikam Logan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs an active member country of the WHO's International Health Regulation and Global Health Security Agenda, Indonesia, the world's fourth‐most populous and largest archipelagic country has recorded the second‐highest COVID‐19 cases in Asia with over 1.8 million cases in early June 2021. This geographically and socially diverse country has a dynamic national and sub‐national government coordination with decentralized authorities that can complicate a pandemic response which often requires nationally harmonized policies, adaptability to sub‐national contexts and global interconnectedness. This paper analyses and reviews COVID‐19 public data, regulations, guidance documents, statements and other related official documents to present a narrative that summarizes the government's COVID‐19 response strategies. It further analyses the challenges and achievements of the country's zoonotic diseases preparedness and responses and lastly provides relevant recommendations. Findings are presented in four sections according to the Global Health Security Agenda capacities, namely epidemiological surveillance (detect capacity); laboratory diagnostic testing (respond capacity); data management and analysis (enable capacity); and the role of sub‐national governments. The COVID‐19 pandemic has been a catalyst for the rapid transformation of existing surveillance systems, inter‐related stakeholder coordination and agile development from the pre‐pandemic health security capacities. This paper offers several recommendations on surveillance, laboratory capacity and data management, which might be useful for Indonesia and other countries with similar characteristics beyond the COVID‐19 response, such as achieving long‐term health security, zoonoses and pandemic prevention, as well as a digital transformation of their governmental capacities.
Energetic and Exergetic Analysis of a Solar-Driven Single-Effect Absorption Refrigeration System Using LiBr + LiCl/H2O Solution Mixture
Authors: Aktemur Cenker , Öztürk İlhan Tekin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Comprising an eco-friendly blueprint, absorption refrigeration systems have attracted a lot of interest as they can use biomass, solar and geothermal energy sources which can mitigate climate change. The current study presents a methodology based on energy and analysis for solar-driven single-effect absorption refrigeration systems, which offer a 50-kW cooling capacity. This study proposes a new mixture ratio of LiBr + LiCl (mass ratio of 2:1)/H2O solution and compared it to LiBr/H2O thermodynamically. Based on the climate data of Kocaeli province in Turkey, an evacuated tube collector is employed to benefit from solar energy to meet the generator heat load of the system. Although at an evaporator temperature of 5 °C, enhanced thermodynamic performance is evident with the use of the LiBr + LiCl/H2O system, and a diminished solar collector area is required compared to the system utilizing LiBr/H2O; there is a level of attrition relating to the impact of the former with a single degree rise in evaporator temperature. However, this remained at a greater value than for the latter system. The final results pointed out that LiBr + LiCl/H2O has a 48.93% lower circulation ratio, 8.81% higher coefficient of performance (COP) of chiller, 8.88% higher solar COP, 8.96% higher exergy efficiency of chiller, 8.90% higher exergy efficiency of solar-driven system, 8.92% lower solar collector area, and 8.91% lower storage tank volume than LiBr/H2O system in the investigated operating temperature ranges. The final results of the present study can be safely tested in the experimental design of single-effect absorption chillers.
Sedimentology of the latest Permian to Early Triassic in the terrestrial settings of the North China Basin: Low-latitude climate change during a warming-driven crisis
Authors: Ji Kaixuan , Wignall Paul B. , Tong Jinnan , Yu Yingyue , Guo Wenwei , Shu Wenchao , Chu Daoliang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In terrestrial settings, the Permo-Triassic mass extinction is commonly linked to major changes in sedimentological and climatic conditions that include a switch from meandering to braided fluvial systems and increased aridity. We examined the predominantly terrestrial strata of North China to reveal that, on the contrary, there was little substantial sedimentological change during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. The crisis level occurs in the upper Sunjiagou Formation, where a range of environments, including low-sinuosity rivers, distally terminating alluvial fans, and mud-dominated coastal plains are recorded. A major sedimentological change occurred slightly higher, within the lowest Triassic, and involved a switch to braided fluvial and shallow lacustrine/fluviodeltaic conditions of the Liujiagou Formation. Later in the Early Triassic, fine-grained, playa lake, and alluvial plain facies became widespread (Heshanggou Formation). Paleosols are present throughout the basin fill and record a transition from Aridisols and Vertisols in the Late Permian to Inceptisols in the Early Triassic followed by gleyed Aridisols, Vertisols, and Inceptisols later in the Early Triassic. Previously reported aeolian facies from Lower Triassic strata were not encountered in this study and were unlikely to have occurred given the prevalence of lacustrine and fluvial conditions at this time. Overall, the North China Basin experienced an increase in seasonal rainfall in the latest Permian and a base-level rise that introduced marine conditions into the southwest of the basin. During the Early Triassic, seasonal or interannual rainfall was frequent, with strong evaporation in a hot climate. Overall, substantial sedimentological changes occurred in the terrestrial Permo-Triassic environments of North China, but despite earlier claims from studies in North China and elsewhere, there was no abrupt transition in fluvial styles around the Permo-Triassic mass extinction.
Zircon-modeled melts shed light on the formation of Earth's crust from the Hadean to the Archean
Authors: Carley T.L. , Bell E.A. , Miller C.F. , Claiborne L.L. , Hunt A. , Kirkpatrick H.M. , Harrison T.M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Elucidating the compositions of melts from which Hadean zircons crystallized can provide insight into early crust construction. We calculated model melts using Ti-calibrated zircon/melt partition coefficients and trace element data for zircons from the Hadean, Archean, and possible analogue environments (e.g., rifts, hotspots, arcs) to constrain petrogenetic relationships. Model melts from oceanic settings (mid-ocean ridges, arcs, Iceland) showed higher heavy rare earth element (HREE) contents and shallower middle REE (MREE) to HREE/chondrite (ch) slopes than those from continental arcs and tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite suites (TTGs). However, Hadean and Archean model melts were consistently similar to each other and to those from continental arcs, hotspots, and TTGs (and dissimilar to oceanic settings), with depleted HREE contents and slope reversal in heaviest REEch. Despite close similarities that suggest comparable petrogenesis of Hadean and early Archean magmas from which Jack Hills detrital zircons crystallized, subtle variabilities in REEch and Zr/Hf suggest thickening crust and evolving igneous systems through time.
The role of flat slab subduction, ridge subduction, and tectonic inheritance in Andean deformation
Authors: Horton Brian K. , Capaldi Tomas N. , Perez Nicholas D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConvergent plate boundaries show sharp variations in orogenic width and extent of intraplate deformation. Analysis of late Cenozoic contractile deformation along the Andean mountain front and adjacent foreland highlights the contrasting degrees of deformation advance toward the plate interior. The retroarc positions of the Andean topographic front (marked by frontal thrust-belt structures) and foreland deformation front (defined by isolated basement block uplifts) range from 300 to 900 km inboard of the trench axis. Over the ~8000 km arcuate length of the Andes (10°N to 55°S), four discrete maxima of inboard deformation advance are spatially co-located with the Peruvian (5°S–14°S) and Pampean (27°S–33°S) zones of flat slab subduction, the subducted Chile Ridge (45°S–48°S), and the anomalously thick Paleozoic stratigraphic wedge of Bolivia (17°S –23°S). The spatial correspondence of retroarc shortening with specific geodynamic configurations demonstrates the mechanical role of flat slab subduction, slab window development, and combined structural and stratigraphic geometries in shaping the orogenic architecture of Cordilleran margins, largely through lithospheric strengthening, weakening, and/or tectonic inheritance.
Ringwoodite and zirconia inclusions indicate downward travel of super-deep diamonds
Authors: Lorenzon Sofia , Novella Davide , Nimis Paolo , Jacobsen Steven D. , Thomassot Emilie , Pamato Martha G. , Prosperi Loredana , Lorenzetti Alessandra , Alvaro Matteo , Brenker Frank , Salvadego Franco , Nestola Fabrizio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Natural diamonds and their inclusions provide unique glimpses of mantle processes from as deep as ~800 km and dating back to 3.5 G.y. Once formed, diamonds are commonly interpreted to travel upward, either slowly within mantle upwellings or rapidly within explosive, carbonate-rich magmas erupting at the surface. Although global tectonics induce subduction of material from shallow depths into the deep mantle, mineralogical evidence for downward movements of diamonds has never been reported. We report the finding of an unusual composite inclusion consisting of ringwoodite (the second finding to date), tetragonal zirconia, and coesite within an alluvial super-deep diamond from the Central African Republic. We interpret zirconia + coesite and ringwoodite as prograde transformation products after zircon or reidite (ZrSiO4) and olivine or wadsleyite, respectively. This inclusion assemblage can be explained if the diamond traveled downward after entrapping olivine/wadsleyite + zircon/reidite, dragged down by a subducting slab, before being delivered to the surface. This indicates that the commonly assumed view that diamonds form at, and capture material from, a specific mantle level and then travel upward is probably too simplistic.
Triple oxygen isotope evidence for a hot Archean ocean
Authors: McGunnigle J.P. , Cano E.J. , Sharp Z.D. , Muehlenbachs K. , Cole D. , Hardman M.F. , Stachel T. , Pearson D.G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Triple oxygen isotope (δ17O and δ18O) values of high- and low-temperature altered oceanic crust and products of basalt alteration experiments were measured to better constrain ocean isotope compositions in deep time. The data define an array of δ18O and Δ′17O (Δ′17O=δ′17O − λRL × δ′18O + γ) values from mantle values toward 1‰ and −0.01‰, respectively, with a λ of ~0.523. The altered oceanic crust data were used to construct a model for estimating δ18O-Δ′17O values of the ancient oceans if the continental weathering flux (FCW) and/or hydrothermal oceanic crust alteration flux (FHT) changed through time. A maximum lowering of 7‰ and 4‰, respectively, is achieved in the most extreme cases. The δ18O value of the ocean cannot be raised by more than 1.1‰. Eclogites from the Roberts Victor kimberlite (South Africa), with a protolith age of 3.1 Ga, have δ18O-Δ′17O values that precisely overlap with those of the modern altered oceanic crust, suggesting that the Archean oceans had similar isotope values as today. Published triple isotope data for Archean cherts show that all samples have been altered to some degree and suggest an Archean ocean surface temperature of ~70–100 °C. An ocean as light as −2‰ is still consistent with our eclogite data and reduce our temperature estimates by 10 °C.
Protogenetic clinopyroxene inclusions in diamond and Nd diffusion modeling—Implications for diamond dating
Authors: Pasqualetto L. , Nestola F. , Jacob D.E. , Pamato M.G. , Oliveira B. , Perritt S. , Chinn I. , Nimis P. , Milani S. , Harris J.W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Diamonds are witnesses of processes that have operated in Earth's mantle over more than 3 b.y. Essential to our understanding of these processes is the determination of diamond crystallization ages. These cannot be directly determined on diamond, but they can be calculated using radiogenic isotopic systematics of suitable minerals included in a diamond. This method relies on the assumption that the mineral inclusions were in isotopic equilibrium with the diamond-forming medium. We evaluated the validity of Sm-Nd ages yielded by clinopyroxene inclusions by combining crystallographic orientation analyses and Nd diffusion modeling at the relevant conditions for Earth's cratonic mantle. We investigated the crystallographic orientation relationships (CORs) for 54 clinopyroxene inclusions within 18 diamonds from South Africa and Siberia. Clinopyroxene inclusions in some diamonds showed specific CORs with their hosts, indicating possible syngenesis. Other samples had clusters of clinopyroxene inclusions sharing the same orientation but no specific orientation relative to their hosts, indicating that the inclusions are older than the diamond (i.e., they are protogenetic). Diffusion modeling in the temperature range typical for lithospheric diamonds (900–1400 °C) showed that resetting of the Sm-Nd isotopic system in clinopyroxene grains larger than 0.05 mm requires geologically long interaction with the diamond-forming fluid/melt (&gt;3.5 m.y. at average temperature of ~1150 °C). Depending on inclusion size and temperature regime, protogenetic clinopyroxene inclusions may not fully reequilibrate during diamond-formation events. We suggest that small clinopyroxene inclusions (&lt;0.2 mm) that equilibrated at temperatures higher than 1050–1080 °C may be the most suitable for age determinations.
Real-world evidence on the use of a fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine and lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) in people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes in Romania: a prospective cohort study (STAR.Ro)
Authors: Bala Cornelia , Cerghizan Anca , Mihai Bogdan-Mircea , Moise Mihaela , Guja Cristian 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine and lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) fixed-ratio combination on a cohort of Romanian adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).DesignOpen-label, 24-week, prospective cohort study.Setting65 secondary care diabetes centres in Romania.ParticipantsThe study included 901 adults with T2D suboptimally controlled with previous oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs)±basal insulin (BI) who initiated treatment with iGlarLixi upon the decision of the investigator. Major exclusion criteria were iGlarLixi contraindications and refusal to participate. 876 subjects received at least one dose of iGlarLixi (intention-to-treat/safety population).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary endpoint was change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to week 24 in the modified intention-to-treat population (study participants with HbA1c available at baseline and week 24). Secondary efficacy outcomes were percentage of participants reaching HbA1c targets and change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG).ResultsMean baseline HbA1c was 9.2% (SD 1.4) and FPG was 10.8 mmol/L (2.9). Mean HbA1c change was −1.3% (95% CI: −1.4% to −1.2%, p<0.0001) at week 24. HbA1c levels ≤6.5%, <7% and<7.5% at week 24 were achieved by 72 (8.9%), 183 (22.6%) and 342 (42.3%) participants, respectively. Mean FPG change was −3.1 mmol/L (95% CI: −3.3 to −2.8, p<0.001) at week 24. Mean body weight change was −1.6 kg (95% CI: −1.9 to −1.3, p<0.001) at 24 weeks. Mean iGlarLixi dose increased from 19.5 U (SD 7.7) and 30.1 U (10.0) to 30.2 U (8.9) (ratio 2/1 pen) and 45.0 U (11.6) (ratio 3/1 pen). Adverse events (AEs) were reported by 43 (4.9%) participants (18 (2.1%) gastrointestinal) with 4 (0.5%) reporting serious AEs. 13 (1.5%) participants reported at least one event of symptomatic hypoglycaemia, with one episode of severe hypoglycaemia reported.ConclusionsIn a real-world setting, 24-week treatment with iGlarLixi provided a significant reduction of HbA1c with body weight loss and low hypoglycaemia risk in T2D suboptimally controlled with OADs±BI treatment.
Lysosomal lipid switch sensitises to nutrient deprivation and mTOR targeting in pancreatic cancer
Authors: De Santis Maria Chiara , Gozzelino Luca , Margaria Jean Piero , Costamagna Andrea , Ratto Edoardo , Gulluni Federico , Di Gregorio Enza , Mina Erica , Lorito Nicla , Bacci Marina , Lattanzio Rossano , Sala Gianluca , Cappello Paola , Novelli Francesco , Giovannetti Elisa , Vicentini Caterina , Andreani Silvia , Delfino Pietro , Corbo Vincenzo , Scarpa Aldo , Porporato Paolo Ettore , Morandi Andrea , Hirsch Emilio , Martini Miriam 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with limited therapeutic options. However, metabolic adaptation to the harsh PDAC environment can expose liabilities useful for therapy. Targeting the key metabolic regulator mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and its downstream pathway shows efficacy only in subsets of patients but gene modifiers maximising response remain to be identified.DesignThree independent cohorts of PDAC patients were studied to correlate PI3K-C2γ protein abundance with disease outcome. Mechanisms were then studied in mouse (KPC mice) and cellular models of PDAC, in presence or absence of PI3K-C2γ (WT or KO). PI3K-C2γ-dependent metabolic rewiring and its impact on mTORC1 regulation were assessed in conditions of limiting glutamine availability. Finally, effects of a combination therapy targeting mTORC1 and glutamine metabolism were studied in WT and KO PDAC cells and preclinical models.ResultsPI3K-C2γ expression was reduced in about 30% of PDAC cases and was associated with an aggressive phenotype. Similarly, loss of PI3K-C2γ in KPC mice enhanced tumour development and progression. The increased aggressiveness of tumours lacking PI3K-C2γ correlated with hyperactivation of mTORC1 pathway and glutamine metabolism rewiring to support lipid synthesis. PI3K-C2γ-KO tumours failed to adapt to metabolic stress induced by glutamine depletion, resulting in cell death.ConclusionLoss of PI3K-C2γ prevents mTOR inactivation and triggers tumour vulnerability to RAD001 (mTOR inhibitor) and BPTES/CB-839 (glutaminase inhibitors). Therefore, these results might open the way to personalised treatments in PDAC with PI3K-C2γ loss.