bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of crop productivity, water and nitrogen use, and carbon footprint of summer peanut ‐ winter wheat cropping systems in the North China Plain
Authors: Nie Jiangwen , Wang Xiquan , Ma Shoutian , Zhang Kai , Zhang Xiangqian , Zhao Jie , Zang Huadong , Yang Yadong , Zeng Zhaohai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe introduction of legumes into the cropping system has been considered as an effective and alternative way to reduce nitrogen (N) input and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, and boost system productivity. However, the productivity, water and N use, and carbon emission of legume‐based cropping systems in the North China Plain were not well‐documented. Here, a 2‐year field experiment was conducted to compare the yield, water and N use, and carbon footprint (CF) of summer peanut–winter wheat (PW) and summer maize–winter wheat (MW) cropping systems. Results showed that the experimental year significantly affected system productivity and water use efficiency of PW and MW. PW increased annual equivalent yield and water consumption by 10.1% and 12.9% in the first year (p < 0.05), compared with MW. Yet, PW decreased annual net income by 8.6% on average during the two experimental years. PW lowered annual N input by 12.1% compared with MW; however, no significant difference in apparent N use efficiency was found between PW and MW. Moreover, PW decreased its annual CF by 13.0%, which was attributed to the lower indirect GHGs emission from N input of summer peanut. In summary, PW showed considerable potential in reducing N fertilizer input and CF, with acceptable economic loss and water consumption in the North China Plain.
Introducing online training for health staff: An institutional perspective
Authors: Chrysantina Aprisa , Sæbø Johan Ivar , Kaasbøll Jens Johan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOnline training has been gaining popularity for its flexibility and cost‐efficiency. Its introduction challenges existing practices of in‐service training which are mostly in the form of onsite training. Based on a participative, interpretive case study, we conceptualized in‐service training as an institution, examining how the introduction of online training affected changes to the in‐service training practices. Our research investigates three modes of in‐service training; onsite training, self‐paced online course, and synchronized online training. Two conflicting institutional logics that are associated with the first two modes of training emerge; onsite training logic and online training logic. The in‐service training institution in Indonesia remained stable despite changes in technology used and the covid pandemic. The logic of onsite training continued to be dominant throughout the period, and most training practices in onsite training were carried over to the online training without reflections.
Stratification of burnout in health‐system pharmacists during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A focus on the ambulatory care pharmacist
Authors: McQuade Brianna M. , Keller Eden , Elmes Abigail , DiDomenico Robert J. , Jarrett Jennie B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionBurnout is defined as high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment from work. Prevalence of burnout among health‐system and ambulatory care pharmacists is unknown during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ObjectivesThe purpose of this research is to analyze burnout prevalence among health‐system pharmacists (HSPs) and ambulatory care pharmacists (ACPs) using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and Maslach Burnout Inventory.MethodsAn electronic survey was sent to HSPs at two academic health systems in Chicago, IL. Demographics, risk of burnout based on two validated assessments (the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory [OLBI] and the Maslach Burnout Inventory [MBI]), burnout contributors, burnout mitigation strategies, and change in burnout due to COVID‐19 were collected. Burnout was defined as meeting any one criterion for high burnout on the following dimensions: exhaustion score and disengagement on the OLBI, and emotional exhaustion and depersonalization on the MBI. The co‐primary outcomes were the prevalence of burnout among HSPs, and the comparison of ACP burnout to that of non‐ambulatory HSPs. Secondary outcomes were comparison of burnout between the OLBI and MBI assessments, conceptualization of the causes and contributors of burnout and mitigation strategies among HSPs, and the self‐perceived effect of COVID‐19 on burnout severity.ResultsOf the 113 pharmacists included in the study, HSP burnout prevalence as defined above was 87.6%, ACP burnout was 88.4%, and non‐ambulatory HSP burnout was 87.1%. There was no statistical difference between ACP and non‐ambulatory HSP burnout prevalence, either overall or in any specific burnout dimension. The OLBI and MBI captured similar rates of burnout. The commonly reported burnout causes were staffing and scheduling issues, precepting requirements, and patient needs. Participants' most reported coping strategies were spending time with family/friends, sleep, exercise, and recreational/relaxation activities. A majority of HSPs (78.2%) reported higher levels of burnout due to COVID‐19.ConclusionHSP burnout during COVID‐19 pandemic is higher than cited in the pre‐COVID literature. Individual coping strategies are poor buffers for work‐related burnout.
New chitosan modified with epichlohydrin and bidentate Schiff base applied to removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions
Authors: Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Hachem Kadda , Abed Hussein Shaymaa , Turki Jalil Abduladheem , Hameed Noora M. , Dehno Khalaji Aliakbar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, modified chitosan with epichlohydrin and bidentate Schiff base ligand (CEP) was successfully synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray powderdiffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, its removal ability of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions was studied and the effect of various parameters such as pH solution, sorbent dose, and contact time on the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions were investigated and optimized. At optimal conditions (pH of 5, contact time of 90 min, 40 ppm of Pb2+, Cd2+ concentration, and 0.02 g of CEP), the maximum removal percentage of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions was found to be 95 and 79%, respectively. The adsorption process followed the second‐order kinetic model for Pb(II) and the first‐order kinetic model for Cd(II). In addition, the effect of interface ions was investigated and it was found that the presence of divalent cations only affected the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) using CEP. Finally, the CEP adsorbent has undergone five regeneration experiments and adsorption efficiency was reduced by about 9 and 12% for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively. Results show that the CEP has great potential for the removal of other heavy metal ions as a facile, eco‐friendly, and low‐cost adsorbent.
Ultrasound assisted synthesis of 5–7 membered heterocyclic rings in organic molecules
Authors: Shabir Ghulam , Shafique Imran , Saeed Aamer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUltrasound synthesis is a powerful technique that is being used increasingly to accelerate organic reactions as a green synthetic approach. Ultrasonication has offered advantages over conventional methods in terms of enhanced yields, shorter reaction time, high selectivity and minimal side reaction. The current investigation is the review of papers published from 2016 to 2022 for the synthesis of organic heterocycles under the effect of ultrasound irradiation. It is a comprehensive compilation of sonochemical processes as a versatile technique to achieve synthesis of numerous organic scaffolds from simple carbocyclic compounds to complex and biologically active heterocyclic structural molecules. This review encompasses the examples of ultrasound supported synthetic reactions of multicomponent one pot processes as well as different steps flow synthesis. Ultrasound assisted synthesis have been proved as an eco‐friendly and benign approach for the synthesis of 5–7 membered heterocyclic rings, with one to three hetero atoms. Moreover Ultrasound synthesis has offered excellent yield in a vast majority of reactions under mild conditions without involving complicated purification procedures.
Climatology of cyclones in western and northwestern Iran using reanalysis and remote sensing data
Authors: Ghasemifar Elham , Hardy Sam , Minaei Masoud 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAgriculture and hydrological management in western and northwestern Iran is highly sensitive to precipitation associated with Mediterranean and Sudanese cyclones particularly during spring and winter. Although many studies have focused on the theoretical basis of these cyclones, statistical analyses, especially with satellite observations, have not been undertaken. In this study, 40 cyclones during all months of 2015–2021 are characterized using data collected by Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) dual‐frequency precipitation radar (DPR), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) and ERA5 reanalysis within each cyclone quadrant. The results show that about 45% of cyclones have a lifetime between 1 and 2 days, and approximately 25% occur during April with a secondary peak in March (22.5%). Accordingly, cyclonic rainy days and rainfall amounts peak in April with values of 76.1% and 64.1%, respectively. The lowest (most negative) low‐ and mid‐tropospheric vertical velocity in the southeast and northeast quadrants indicates upward motion, which leads to the most intense latent heat release within the cyclone. Accordingly, the highest rainfall rates occur in the southeast and northeast quadrants, located within and ahead of the highest specific humidity quadrant (southeast) where the warm conveyor belt plays a significant role for rainfall formation. Maximum stratiform and convective rainfall rates are observed in the southwest and southeast quadrants, respectively. The distribution of rainfall rate is consistent with that of the storm‐top height pattern in all quadrants. The maximum percentage of warm rain to the total rain (34.6% on average) for both stratiform and convective precipitation falls in the southeast quadrant. The structure of these analysed cyclones is largely similar to that shown previously in the literature. According to the analysed rainfall in different life cycles, it is expected that the cyclones have the greatest impact (i.e., extreme rainfall) during the developing stage in the northeast and southeast quadrants, and during the mature stage in the southwest quadrant. The lowest influence is during the dissipating stage. The results from this study can help decision makers within the hydrological and risk management industries.
Spontaneous or Deliberate: The Dual Influence of Mind Wandering on Creative Incubation
Authors: Yang Tianchen , Wu Guohong 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTTwo experiments examined the dual influence of mind wandering (MW) on the incubation of both deliberate and spontaneous modes of creativity. Specifically, using a modified version of Sustained Attention Response Task as the incubation task, this study assessed whether taking a break from a creative task and engaging in either an MW‐allowed task or an MW‐prevented task can exert differential effects on different aspects of creativity. Results showed that after engaging in an incubation task that allowed MW rather than prevented MW, participants generated ideas more flexibly but less persistently in the subsequent divergent thinking tasks, and were more likely to solve creative insight problems through intuitive insight but not systematic analysis. The results suggest that MW during incubation may simultaneously facilitate the spontaneous mode of creativity while suppressing the deliberate mode of creativity. These findings also indicate that creativity must be parsed into different subtypes in order to identify more specific ways to enhance creativity.
Fermentation of soymilk by Lactobacillus acidipiscis isolated from Chinese stinky tofu capable of efficiently biotransforming isoflavone glucosides to dihydrodaidzein and dihydrogenistein
Authors: Guo Xia , Zang Xuan , Dou Shi‐Juan , Wang Dong‐Yun , Wang Xiu‐Ling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe soy isoflavone microbial metabolites dihydrodaidzein (DHD), dihydrogenistein (DHG), equol and 5‐hydroxy‐equol are generally more biologically active than their precursors daidzein and genistein. Bacteria responsible for isoflavone metabolism have been isolated and identified. Fermented soymilk is a potential functional food; however, there are few lactic acid bacteria capable of metabolizing soy isoflavones.RESULTSA newly isolated Gram‐positive facultative anaerobic bacterium, which was named Lactobacillus acidipiscis HAU‐FR7, was isolated from the traditional Chinese fermented soy product ‘stinky tofu’. Bacterium strain HAU‐FR7 can grow under aerobic conditions and can also convert most of the daidzin and genistin in soymilk into DHD and DHG, respectively. The concentrations of DHD and DHG produced were 183 and 134 μmol L−1, respectively, after fermentation for 24 h. Strain HAU‐FR7 does not produce the biogenic amines cadaverine, putrescine, histamine or tyramine, and an antibiotic susceptibility test showed that HAU‐FR7 is sensitive to nine of the ten tested antibiotics, except for vancomycin. Moreover, the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐ picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging capacity of soymilk fermented with HAU‐FR7 was significantly higher than that of unfermented soymilk.CONCLUSIONA facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacterium, designated Lactobacillus acidipiscis HAU‐FR7, is capable of reducing the soy isoflavone glucosides daidzin and genistin in soymilk to DHD and DHG efficiently, even in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The biotransformation activity of HAU‐FR7 grown in soymilk is higher than that in de Man–Rogosa–Sharpe liquid culture medium. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A multi‐institutional evaluation of small field output factor determination following the recommendations of IAEA/AAPM TRS‐483
Authors: Lechner Wolfgang , Alfonso Rodolfo , Arib Mehenna , Huq M. Saiful , Ismail Anas , Kinhikar Rajesh , Lárraga‐Gutiérrez José M. , Mani Karthick Raj , Maphumulo Nkosingiphile , Sauer Otto A , Shoeir Shaima , Suriyapee Sivalee , Christaki Karen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this work was to test the implementation of small field dosimetry following TRS‐483 and to develop quality assurance procedures for the experimental determination of small field output factors (SFOFs).Materials and methodsTwelve different centers provided SFOFs determined with various detectors. Various linac models using the beam qualities 6 MV and 10 MV with flattening filter and without flattening filter were utilized to generate square fields down to a nominal field size of 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm. The detectors were positioned at 10 cm depth in water. Depending on the local situation, the source‐to‐surface distance was either set to 90 cm or 100 cm. The SFOFs were normalized to the output of the 10 cm × 10 cm field. The spread of SFOFs measured with different detectors was investigated for each individual linac beam quality and field size. Additionally, linac‐type specific SFOF curves were determined for each beam quality and the SFOFs determined using individual detectors were compared to these curves. Example uncertainty budgets were established for a solid state detector and a micro ionization chamber.ResultsThe spread of SFOFs for each linac and field was below 5% for all field sizes. With the exception of one linac‐type, the SFOFs of all investigated detectors agreed within 10% with the respective linac‐type SFOF curve, indicating a potential inter‐detector and inter‐linac variability.ConclusionQuality assurance on the SFOF measurements can be done by investigation of the spread of SFOFs measured with multiple detectors and by comparison to linac‐type specific SFOFs. A follow‐up of a measurement session should be conducted if the spread of SFOFs is larger than 5%, 3%, and 2% for field sizes of 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm, 1 cm × 1 cm, and field sizes larger than 2 cm × 2 cm, respectively. Additionally, deviations of measured SFOFs to the linac‐type‐curves of more than 7%, 3%, and 2% for field sizes 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm, 1 cm × 1 cm, and field sizes larger than 1 cm × 1 cm, respectively, should be followed up.
Spot‐scanning hadron arc (SHArc) therapy: A proof of concept using single‐ and multi‐ion strategies with helium, carbon, oxygen, and neon ions
Authors: Mein Stewart , Kopp Benedikt , Tessonnier Thomas , Liermann Jakob , Abdollahi Amir , Debus Jürgen , Haberer Thomas , Mairani Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo present particle arc therapy treatments using single and multi‐ion therapy optimization strategies with helium (4He), carbon (12C), oxygen (16O), and neon (20Ne) ion beams.Methods and materialsAn optimization procedure and workflow were devised for spot‐scanning hadron arc therapy (SHArc) treatment planning in the PRECISE (PaRticle thErapy using single and Combined Ion optimization StratEgies) treatment planning system (TPS). Physical and biological beam models were developed for helium, carbon, oxygen, and neon ions via FLUKA MC simulation. SHArc treatments were optimized using both single‐ion (12C, 16O, or 20Ne) and multi‐ion therapy (16O+4He or 20Ne+4He) applying variable relative biological effectiveness (RBE) modeling using a modified microdosimetric kinetic model (mMKM) with (α/β)x values of 2, 5, and 3.1 Gy, respectively, for glioblastoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma patient cases. Dose, effective dose, linear energy transfer (LET), and RBE were computed with the GPU‐accelerated dose engine FRoG and dosimetric/biophysical attributes were evaluated in the context of conventional particle and photon‐based therapies (e.g., volumetric modulated arc therapy [VMAT]).ResultsAll SHArc plans met the target optimization goals (3GyRBE) and demonstrated increased target conformity and substantially lower low‐dose bath to surrounding normal tissues than VMAT. SHArc plans using a singleion species (12C, 16O, or 20Ne) exhibited favorable LET distributions with the highest‐LET components centralized in the target volume, with values ranging from ∼80–170 keV/μm, ∼130–220 keV/μm, and ∼180–350 keV/μm for 12C, 16O, or 20Ne, respectively, exceeding mean target LET of conventional particle therapy (12C:∼55, 16O:∼75 20Ne:∼95 keV/μm). Multi‐ion therapy with SHArc delivery (SHArcMIT) provided a similar level of target LET enhancement as SHArc compared to conventional planning, however, with additional benefits of homogenous physical dose and RBE distributions.ConclusionHere, we demonstrate that arc delivery of light and heavy ion beams, using either a single‐ion species (12C, 16O, or 20Ne) or combining two ions in a single fraction (16O+4He or 20Ne+4He) affords enhanced physical and biological distributions (e.g., LET) compared with conventional delivery with photons or particle beams. SHArc marks the first single‐ and multi‐ion arc therapy treatment optimization approach using light and heavy ions.
Coping strategies in patients undergoing surgery treatment for pituitary tumour in China: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Wu Chao , Xu Lan , Zhang Haiying , Mao Youqin , Wang Zhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the coping strategies and corresponding influence factors in patients undergone surgeries for pituitary tumours.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsPatients diagnosed with pituitary tumours were included. The Medical Coping Questionnaire (MCMQ) and a demographic questionnaire were used for data collection.ResultsA total of 150 patients with pituitary tumour undergoing surgery treatment were included. Compared with the a‐select sample, patients with pituitary tumours reported more avoidant coping (p < .0001) and more resigned coping (p = .031) but less confrontation coping (p = .026). Multiple regression analysis showed the regardless of recurrence or not, the type and size of pituitary tumour, education level, family income are the factors influencing the coping style (all p < .05).ConclusionsClinical workers should pay more attention to the patients with multiplied pituitary tumour, huge adenoma, recurred tumour, low levels of education and low monthly income.
Using data visualization to detect patterns in whole‐person health data
Authors: Austin Robin R. , Mathiason Michelle A. , Monsen Karen A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractData visualization techniques are useful for examining large multidimensional data sets. In this exploratory data analysis (EDA) study, we applied a visualization pattern detection and testing process to deidentified data to discover patterns in whole‐person health for adults 65 and older. Whole‐person health examines a person's environmental, psychosocial, and physical health, as well as their health‐related behaviors; and assesses their strengths, challenges, and needs. Strengths are defined as assets and capabilities in the face of short‐or long‐term stressors. We collected data using a mobile application that delivers a comprehensive whole‐person assessment using a simplified version of a standardized instrument, the Omaha System. The visualization pattern detection process is iterative, includes various techniques, and requires visualization literacy. The data visualization techniques applied in this analysis included bubble charts, parallel coordinates line graphs, box plots, and alluvial flow diagrams. We discovered six patterns within the visualizations. We formulated and tested six hypotheses based on these six patterns, and all six hypotheses were supported. Adults 65 and older had more strengths than challenges and more challenges than needs (p < 0.001). Strengths and challenges were negatively correlated (p < 0.001). Unexpectedly, a subset of adults 65 and older who had many, but not all, strengths had significantly more needs (p = 0.04). The use of standardized terminology with its inherent data interrelationships was key to discovering patterns in whole‐person health. This methodology may be used in future EDA research using new data sets.
Veteran Educators or For‐Profiteers? Tuition Responses to Changes in the Post‐9/11 GI Bill
Authors: Baird Matthew , Kofoed Michael S. , Miller Trey , Wenger Jennie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn 2010, Congress reauthorized the Post‐9/11 GI Bill by changing reimbursement rates from by‐state maximums to a nationwide limit. This policy created exogenous variation in financial aid for veterans at private universities. We detect changes in tuition only for for‐profit colleges, where we estimate a 1 percent pass‐through rate. This response is mainly from states with decreased benefits; colleges with more veterans, and colleges whose pre‐change tuition was above the state maximum but below the new nationwide level had a pass‐through rate of 8 percent. We also find a negative association between changes in benefits and overall student enrollment for for‐profit colleges.