bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoglossal nerve stimulator patient usage: Patterns and trends over time
Authors: Morse Elliot , Suurna Maria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveHypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients intolerant of continuous positive airway pressure but is only effective if used regularly. Usage patterns have not been studied in detail. In this study, we aimed to characterize granular HNS usage patterns.MethodsPatients implanted by a single surgeon at an academic medical center from August 2016 to January 2021 were identified from a prospective database, which was merged with the Inspire Cloud usage database. Patient, OSA, and usage characteristics were summarized, and patient‐ and OSA‐related characteristics were associated with usage characteristics by Wilcoxon rank‐sum analyses. Usage trends over time were summarized in the overall cohort and stratified by initial usage.ResultsFifty patients were included. Median usage was 94% of nights (interquartile range [IQR]: 82%–98%) for 5.8 h per night (IQR: 4.9–6.4). Higher post‐operative apnea–hypopnea index predicted fewer nights used (92% [IQR: 82%–97%] vs. 96% [IQR: 91%–99%]). No other characteristics examined were significantly associated with usage. Median hours used per night decreased from 6.80 h (IQR: 5.32–7.94) on Day 1 to 5.76 (IQR: 1.81–7.13) on Day 361. This decrease was most pronounced in the quartile with the lowest initial usage.ConclusionThis study found that most patient and OSA characteristics were not associated with HNS usage, and that usage generally decreased over time. This decrease in usage over time was most pronounced in patients with the lowest initial usage. Further work should identify interventions to improve usage patterns to optimize clinical outcomes.Level of Evidence: 4.
Otolaryngology residents' experiences of pregnancy and return to work: A multisite qualitative study
Authors: Champaloux Eve P. , Acosta Anne Starks , Gray Stacey T. , Meyer Tanya K. , Bergmark Regan W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesA paucity of literature exists about childbearing during otolaryngology residency. Pregnancy is a common part of many physician life cycles, but the timing of residency and the rigors of surgical training amplify the challenges. This study was designed to understand the experiences of childbearing otolaryngology residents and support them during this major life event. Unique challenges include long training, shortage of role models, combination surgical and clinical work, and higher rates of infertility.Study DesignQualitative research. IRB exempt.SettingUnited States.MethodsTo capture modern perspectives, 16 current and former otolaryngology residents that experienced pregnancy and childbirth during residency in all four geographic regions of the United States in the past 10 years were recruited to participate in individual structured qualitative interviews.ResultsAlthough there was significant training program and personal anxiety reported by childbearing otolaryngology residents, many surgeons experienced healthy pregnancies and postpartum recoveries with minimal disruption to clinical productivity and minimal disruption to their training programs. Multiple recurring themes were identified among the participants spanning the entire childbearing process: increased incidence of pregnancy complications and preterm labor, pregnancy stigma from leadership and coresidents, scheduling logistics regarding call and parental leave, and challenging transitions back to clinical work while navigating breastfeeding and childcare.ConclusionThere are actional recommendations that programs can address to make childbearing during residency accessible and acceptable. Understanding these challenges is an important step to encouraging childbearing residents to prosper in academic otolaryngology, increasing the diversity at the highest levels of the field.Level of Evidence4.
Mass spectrometry in organic and bio‐organic catalysis: Using thermochemical properties to lend insight into mechanism
Authors: Hinz Damon J. , Zhang Lanxin , Lee Jeehiun K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this review, we discuss gas phase experimentation centered on the measurement of acidity and proton affinity of substrates that are useful for understanding catalytic mechanisms. The review is divided into two parts. The first covers examples of organocatalysis, while the second focuses on biological catalysis. The utility of gas phase acidity and basicity values for lending insight into mechanisms of catalysis is highlighted.
Passively Q‐switched Tm:YAP laser with a Ti3AlC2‐based saturable absorber
Authors: Liu Bangzheng , Yang Wenlong , Gao Qiong , Yang Xining , Li Linjun , Shen Yingjie , Zong Tianhao , Cui Haoyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a passively Q‐switched (PQS) Tm:YAP laser was experimentally demonstrated by using a Ti3AlC2‐based saturable absorber (SA). In the PQS regime, an average output power of 2010/1575 mW with a pulse width of 266/859 ns at 130/155 kHz was achieved from a Tm:YAP laser under an output couple mirror with a transmittance (T) of 1.5%/2.5%, corresponding to an optical conversion efficiency of 9.2%/11.6%. Also, a single pulse energy of 15.5/10.2 μJ and a peak power of 58.1/11.8 W were acquired from the PQS Tm:YAP laser. As far as we know, this is the first time that a Ti3AlC2‐based SA was used for a PQS Tm:YAP laser.
Time domain NMR: An alternative for study of the asphaltenes precipitated in petroleum
Authors: Morgan Vinícius G. , Sad Cristina M. S. , Leite Juliete S. D. , Castro Eustáquio R. V. , Barbosa Lúcio L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring the oil production and processing stages, the asphaltene precipitation is one of the great operation problems of oil industry. It can precipitate in the formation, tubing, or surface, causing operating problems, such as reduction in oil recovery by changing the reservoir permeability and wettability, clogging of the pipelines, and difficulty in separations process. The quantification of asphaltenes in petroleum by ASTM D6560 standard method is very laborious and use of a larger solvent volume than necessary. The present work proposes the use of time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD‐NMR) as new methodology to quantify the asphaltene precipitated in crude oil. Three (light, medium, and heavy) crude oils with asphaltenes content of 0.97, 1.88, and 7.00 wt% were mixed with n‐heptane in different R (ml of solvent/g of oil) values and analyzed by means of transverse relaxation time (T2). According NMR results, the R values enough for complete asphaltene precipitation for the oils A, B, and C were, respectively, equal to 16.50, 23.00, and 39.50 ml g−1. These outcomes represent a reduction of 58.75%, 42.50%, and 1.25% in the solvent volume per mass of oil for the oil A, B, and C, respectively, compared to the ASTM D6560 method, which imposes 40 ml g−1. Therefore, it has been shown that TD‐NMR can be applied to estimate the amount of asphaltene precipitated in petroleum and have potential to be applied in routine analysis with advantages of saving time and costs.
Prospective, multicenter study to evaluate performance and safety of a re‐engineered temporary lead for InterStim™ therapy evaluation
Authors: Elterman Dean , Michaels Jodi , Margolis Eric , Harris‐Hicks Janet , Burgess Kimberly , Betts Christopher , Harding Christopher , Towers Geoffrey , Hashim Hashim , Ojo‐Carons Akin , White Amanda , Cannon‐Smith Tracy , Grunow Nathan , Bittner Katie , Xavier Keith 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsThe basic evaluation or percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) is a method to assess pre‐implantation therapeutic response in patients considering sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of refractory overactive bladder. A new PNE lead with a more robust design and greater distensibility designed to reduce the possibility of lead migration has recently been introduced to the market. The aim of this prospective, multicenter, global, postmarket study was to evaluate the clinical performance and safety of the new InterStim PNE lead with the foramen needle.MethodsPatients with overactive bladder were enrolled in this study. The primary objective of this study was to determine the proportion of subjects who demonstrated motor or sensory response(s) during lead placement using the InterStim PNE lead. Additional measures included the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I), patient satisfaction at the end of therapy evaluation, and change in bladder symptoms from baseline to the end of therapy evaluation (1‐week follow‐up visit).ResultsOne‐hundred and ten subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent a lead implant procedure. Of those, 108 had a successful procedure and 107 completed the 1‐week follow‐up visit. Ninety‐nine percent of subjects (109/110) had a motor or sensory response during needle placement (95% confidence interval [CI]: 95%–100%) and 97% of subjects (107/110) had a motor or sensory response during lead placement (95% CI: 92%–99%). The majority of subjects (88%, 95/108) reported their bladder condition was better at the follow‐up visit compared to before the PNE implant procedure, as reported in PGI‐I. Subjects reported being satisfied with how the therapy impacted their voiding symptoms (82%, 88/108) and that they would recommend this therapy (87%, 94/108) to other patients. Symptom improvement was demonstrated with urinary urge incontinence subjects having an average of 4.2 ± 3.4 urinary incontinence episodes/day at baseline and 2.2 ± 2.5 at follow‐up, and urinary frequency subjects having an average of 12.5 ± 4.4 voids/day at baseline and 10.5 ± 4.3 voids/day at follow‐up. Lead removal was deemed to be easy and safe by the implanting physician, with a total of three adverse device effects in 3/110 subjects. No event was categorized as serious and all were resolved without sequelae.ConclusionsThe updated InterStim PNE lead with a more robust design and greater distensibility designed to reduce migration was shown to have a high rate of motor or sensory response during lead placement. Furthermore, subjects reported high rates of global improvements and amelioration of symptoms, and the lead was easy to remove with minimal morbidity.
Numerical analysis and theoretical studies on the axial compression behavior of multi‐cell Al‐CFRP hybrid tubes
Authors: Qin Xiaoyu , Ma Qihua , Gan Xuehui , Bai Cuiping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo find a thin‐walled impact‐resistant structure with excellent crushing performance, a multi‐cell hybrid thin‐walled tube (MCHT) formed by winding carbon fibers around a multi‐cell Al tube was proposed. The structure is designed based on different structural parameters of the thin‐walled tubes exhibiting different crushing characteristics and damage modes. First, a finite element model applicable to MCHT is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified by quasi‐static axial pressure experiments. Second, the verified finite element model was used to study the variation law of the overall structural crushing performance by changing the structural parameters of MCHT, and the Al tube wall thickness was found to have the greatest effect on MCHT crushing performance, followed by the number of ribs and finally the inner circle diameter. Then, a theoretical prediction model of the mean crushing force of MCHT was established based on the principle of energy conservation, and the accuracy of the theoretical model was initially verified through experiments. Finally, to overcome the problem that the prediction error of the theoretical model is larger when the number of ribs is larger or the inner circle diameter is smaller, a correction function is constructed based on Pearson correlation coefficient analysis to further improve the generalization ability of the above‐mentioned theoretical model, and the maximum relative error is reduced from 37% to 14.61%.
Identification of 22q11.2 deletion in a patient with schizophrenia and clinically diagnosed Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
Authors: Nagai Yasuhito , Nishioka Masaki , Tanaka Tatsuki , Shimano Takahisa , Kirino Eiji , Suzuki Toshihito , Kato Tadafumi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal‐dominant disease. Almost all cases are sporadic and attributed to de novo variant. Psychotic symptoms in RTS are rare and have been reported in only a few published cases. On the other hand, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is the most common chromosomal microdeletion in humans. The 22q11.2 deletion is well recognized as a risk factor for schizophrenia. Here, we present a schizophrenic psychosis case clinically diagnosed as RTS but resolved as carrying 22q11.2 deletion by genomic analysis.Case presentationA 38‐year‐old Japanese male was admitted to our hospital due to psychotic symptoms. He had been diagnosed with RTS based on physical characteristics at the age of 9 months. On admission, we performed whole exome sequencing. He had no pathogenic variant in CREBBP or EP300. We detected 2.5 Mb deletion on 22q11.2 and one rare loss‐of‐function variant in a loss‐of‐function‐constrained gene (MTSS1) and three rare missense variants in missense‐constrained genes (CELSR3, HERC1, and TLN1). Psychotic symptoms were ameliorated by the treatment of risperidone.ConclusionThe psychiatric manifestation and genomic analysis may be a clue to detecting 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in undiagnosed patients. The reason for similarity in physical characteristics in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and RTS remains unresolved. The 22q11.2 deletion and HERC1 contribute to the patient's phenotype.
Prognostic role of pan‐immune‐inflammation value in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor‐signaling inhibitors
Authors: Yazgan Satı Coşkun , Yekedüz Emre , Utkan Güngör , Ürün Yüksel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the prognostic effect of pan‐immune inflammation value (PIV) in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with abiraterone acetate (AA) or enzalutamide.MethodsPatients with mCRPC treated with AA or enzalutamide between January 2010 and June 2021 were included in this study. The most recently examined complete blood count values in the 1‐month period before treatment were used for calculating PIV. The relationship between overall survival (OS) and PIV was evaluated by multivariate analysis. By using PIV and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels which had shown survival effect at multivariate analysis, PIV−LDH combined score was established.ResultsA total of 114 patients were included in this study. At the median follow‐up of 34.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.4‐36.8), the median OS was 21 months (95% CI: 17.6−21.3). The median OS in the low‐PIV group was significantly higher than in the high‐PIV group (34.4 months (95% CI: 21.3–47.5) vs. 14.3 months (95% CI: 10.0–18.7), p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis for OS, high PIV (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.11−3.13, p = 0.018) and LDH value 1.5 times the upper limit of normal and above (HR: 3.65 95%, CI: 1.86−7.16, p < 0.001) were associated with shorter OS. When survival analysis was performed according to the PIV−LDH combined score, the median OS was 34.4 months (95% CI: 22.2–46.6) in the low‐risk group, 17.7 months (95% CI: 11.7–23.6) in the intermediate‐risk group, and 8.4 months (95% CI: 5.1–11.7) in the high‐risk group (p < 0.001). The C‐index of the combined PIV−LDH score was higher than the C‐index of PIV (0.65 vs. 0.61).ConclusionIn this study, we demonstrated that PIV was an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with mCRPC treated with AA or enzalutamide. Additionally, PIV−LDH combined score may be considered a promising composite peripheral blood‐based biomarker to predict OS in those patients.
Event‐triggered model‐free adaptive consensus tracking control for nonlinear multi‐agent systems under switching topologies
Authors: Li Haozhe , Wang Hongwei , Xu Yuze , Chen Jiapeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA distributed event‐triggered data‐based control protocol is proposed for a class of unknown nonlinear heterogeneous multi‐agent systems (MASs) to address consistent reference signal tracking issue subject to the limited communication bandwidth. First, an event‐triggering condition that only relies on local output data of each agent is designed, and the event‐triggered communication between different agents depends on this condition. Second, agent models are constructed dynamically using dynamic linearization technology. Third, a novel distributed data‐driven control strategy based on event‐triggered communication mechanism is designed for heterogeneous agents to realize consistent desired trajectory tracking mission under switching topologies. The proposed control protocol is characterized by the information transmission of each agent in a fully intermittent manner without any global I/O (Input and Output) data. On this basis, convergence performance is analyzed using the principle of compressed mapping. Results showed that the tracking error of all agents is uniformly bounded. Effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through two numerical experiments.
Application of an unsteady three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics model to predictive habitat modelling of macroinvertebrates—A case study at the Ziller River in Austria
Authors: Farhadi Alireza , Leitner Patrick , Graf Wolfram , Hauer Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Ziller River, a tributary to the Inn in Tyrol, Austria, is affected by hydropower generation. Macroinvertebrate habitat‐preferences were investigated in the field and corresponding habitat suitability curves were applied successfully to a novel integrative assessment method based on hydrodynamic modelling. Here, a reach of the Ziller River is simulated using a three‐dimensional unsteady hydrodynamic model. The three‐dimensional simulation results are applied to a predictive macroinvertebrate habitat model. Habitat suitably indices (HSI) are calculated based on temporal alterations of bed shear stress values. Model results are free from two‐dimensional flow‐averaging approximations and demonstrate the critical information lost in lower‐order models due to simplification procedures. Shear stress values, three‐dimensional simulated velocity components, and temporal alterations of flow are provided in the current study. Considering the simulation results, the implementation of the provided supplementary simulation details in macroinvertebrate studies and the integration into further habitat investigations is discussed.
Phase‐Stable Wide‐Bandgap Perovskites for Four‐Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells with Over 30% Efficiency
Authors: Yao Yuxin , Hang Pengjie , Li Biao , Hu Zechen , Kan Chenxia , Xie Jiangsheng , Wang Ying , Zhang Yiqiang , Yang Deren , Yu Xuegong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an optimal bandgap between 1.7 and 1.8 eV are critical to realize highly efficient and cost‐competitive silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs). However, such wide‐bandgap PSCs easily suffer from phase segregation, leading to performance degradation under operation. Here, it is evident that ammonium diethyldithiocarbamate (ADDC) can reduce the detrimental I2 back to I− in precursor solution, thereby reducing the density of deep level traps in perovskite films. The resultant perovskite film exhibits great phase stability under continuous illumination and 30–60% relative humidity conditions. Due to the suppression of defect proliferation and ion migration, the PSCs deliver great operation stability which retain over 90% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 500 h maximum power point tracking. Finally, a highly efficient semitransparent PSC with a tailored bandgap of 1.77 eV, achieving a PCE approaching 18.6% with a groundbreaking open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.24 V enabled by ADDC additive in perovskite films is demonstrated. Integrated with a bottom silicon solar cell, a four‐terminal (4T) TSC with a PCE of 30.24% is achieved, which is one of the highest efficiencies in 4T perovskite/silicon TSCs.
Extraction Optimization of Arctium lappa L. Polysaccharides by Box–Behnken Response Surface Design and Their Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Zheng Jiawei , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Herrera‐Balandrano Daniela D. , Wang Jing , Chai Zhi , Beta Trust , Huang Wuyang , Li Ying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArctium lappa L is a good source of polysaccharides in addition to its nutrient content and health benefits. In this study, a Box–Behnken response surface design is used to optimize the extraction conditions of A. lappa L. polysaccharides (ALP) in hot water. The influence of different degreasing methods on polysaccharide yield is investigated for the first time and their antioxidant activity compared. The effects of liquid‐to‐solid ratio (10:1 to 30:1), extraction temperature (60–100°C) and extraction time (1–3 h) on the ALP yield are analyzed. Under the optimal extraction conditions (extraction temperature 71.12°C, extraction time 2.51 h, liquid‐to‐solid ratio 16.20:1), Derringer's desirability prediction tool obtains the highest extraction yield of polysaccharides (9.73%), which is confirmed through validation experiments. In addition, the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, 2,2‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt), andoxygen radical antioxidant capacity values of the optimized ALP are 232.23 ± 4.19, 407.84 ± 1.48, and 2932.54 ± 145.29 µmol Trolox g–1, respectively, indicating that ALP has potential antioxidant capacity. Therefore, ALP can be used as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical.
Optimization Strategies of Electrolytes for Low‐Temperature Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Wang Yao , Wei Hua , Li Zhengtai , Zhang Xiangyong , Wei Zhiquan , Sun Ke , Li Hongfei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) are considered promising electrochemical energy storage systems for grid‐scale applications due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental benignity. With the demand for a wide range of application scenarios, batteries are required to work in various harsh conditions, especially the cold weather. Nevertheless, electrolytes would freeze at extremely low temperatures, resulting in dramatically sluggish kinetics and severe performance degradation. Here, we discuss the behaviors of hydrogen bonds and basic principles of anti‐freezing mechanisms in aqueous electrolytes. Then, we present a systematical review of the optimization strategies of electrolytes for low‐temperature aqueous batteries. Finally, the challenges and promising routes for further development of aqueous low‐temperature electrolytes are provided. This review can serve as a comprehensive reference to boost the further development and practical applications of advanced ARBs operated at low temperatures.