bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orientations stratégiques et performance en petites entreprises : une analyse des effets de modération du contexte de marché sénégalais
Authors: Diao Maguette Teuw 
Published: September 2022

L’orientation marché favorise-t-elle la performance des petites entreprises dans une économie en développement ? Pour y répondre, nous analysons un échantillon de 158 petites entreprises sénégalaises. Les résultats montrent l’effet positif de l’orientation client et de l’orientation concurrent sur leur performance. En outre, l’intensité concurrentielle et la turbulence du marché modèrent les liens entre les orientations stratégiques et la performance.
Pregled jezikovne politike v Ukrajini 1991–2021
Authors: Sotnikova Štravs Marija 
Published: September 2022

Jezikovna in politična situacija v Ukrajini je v zadnjem obdobju postala ena najbolj aktualnih tem sodobne geopolitike. Ob tem pogosto prihaja do nepopolnih oz. celo napačnih in zavajajočih interpretacij njenih dejavnikov in smernic s strani posameznikov, medijev ipd. V članku poskušamo analizirati jezikovno politiko v Ukrajini v letih 1991–2021. Upo­števani so zgodovinska dinamika jezikovna zakonodaja, tendence, ideološki kontekst in smernice jezikovne politike. Prikazan je razvoj ukrajinske situacije v obdobju tik pred osamosvojitvijo (1989), nato pa v 30 letih od osamosvojitve (1991) naprej in po zmagi t. i. revolucije dostojanstva (februar 2014) vse do danes.
Evaluation of detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 by chip-based real-time polymerase chain reaction test (truenat™ beta CoV) in multi-sample pools
Authors: Polu Venkata Giri Prasad , Kota Neela Mani kanta , Karumanchi Deepthi , Basireddy Sreekanth Reddy , Munagapati Sandhya , Mugudalabetta Shiva Kumar , Ganta Venkata Prasad , Allam Uday Sankar 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Systematic testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) using molecular diagnostic tools to identify individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, and tracing their primary and secondary contacts is important to curb its spread. With resource limitations on testing individual samples, testing of pooled samples provides alternative approach to increase testing capacity. Present aimed at assessing the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in pooled samples using chip-based real-time polymerase chain reaction Test (Truenat™ Beta CoV).

Materials and Methods:
Pooled sample size of five was used from laboratory confirmed COVID-19 positive and negative samples. SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal specimens of known samples from high, medium, low, and very low viral load were mixed with SARS-CoV-2 negative nasopharyngeal specimens of known samples in 1:4 ratio, followed by analysis using Truenat. Furthermore, each sample in that pool was tested individually. Pooled sample testing was also done on the samples of unknown status.

Results:
The results of the present study showed cycle threshold (Ct) values of pooled sample with SARS-CoV-2 positive RNA of high, medium, low, and very low viral load were 16.8, 24.22, 28.2, and 33.43, compared to Ct values of individual samples of 16.43, 22.0, 28.00, and 33.00, respectively.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that the Ct values of pooled samples were in agreement with Ct values of individual samples indicating the validity of pooled sample testing for screening SARS-CoV-2 using Truenat.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Medical knowledge, Patient care and procedural skills systems-based practice, Practice-based learning and improvement.
Expression of Ki-67, P63, P40, and Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin in Salivary Gland Carcinomas with or without Myoepithelial Differentiation
Authors: Salehizalani Saman , Atarbashi-Moghadam Saede , Mokhtari Sepideh , Yazdani Farzad 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Myoepithelial cells are involved in the development of salivary glands. Many studies propose that these cells can prevent cell proliferation.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the expression of Ki-67, P63, P40, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in salivary gland carcinomas with or without myoepithelial differentiation.

Methods:
A panel of myoepithelial markers including P63, P40, α-SMA, and Ki-67 were used for immunohistochemical study in 67 salivary gland carcinomas (33 with and 34 without myoepithelial differentiation). The percentage of positive cells was calculated (in high-power field) from a minimum of 1000 neoplastic cells. SPSS software (version 21) was used.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between Ki-67 expression and the presence or absence of myoepithelial cells (P = 0.6), but Ki-67 expression was related to the age (P = 0.032) and location of carcinomas (P = 0.001). All carcinomas with myoepithelial differentiation exhibited consistent P63+/P40+ staining, whereas polymorphous adenocarcinomas showed P63+/P40− immunophenotype. The expression of Ki-67 in adenoid cystic carcinomas was higher than mucoepidermoid carcinomas (P = 0.020) and polymorphous adenocarcinomas (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
In the present study, although the decrease in the number of myoepithelial cells was associated with increased proliferation in adenoid cystic carcinomas, no such relationship was found in the overall assessment between the two groups. This can be justified by the fact that the clinical behavior of salivary carcinomas and their cell proliferation may be affected by factors other than the presence of myoepithelial cells or lack thereof. Ki-67 and P63/P40 expressions may be useful to differentiate adenoid cystic carcinomas from polymorphous adenocarcinomas in small biopsies.
Incidence of Rheumatoid Arthritis at Marjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon, Iraq (2014–2019)
Authors: Al_Badran Arwa Hamdan Khudhair , Algabri Hussein Chaffat , Al Saeedi Kawther Rafea Hari , Alqazzaz Ali Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease associated with inflammation and progressive damage of joints. It is present in the Middle East and North Africa where the epidemiology of RA remains poorly understood with a dearth of data of the prevalence and activity of disease among Arab countries. The prevalence of RA in Babylon, Iraq in 1975 was 1.02, but during the past decade it was noticed that the prevalence and clinical data varied greatly depending on the area of the study.

Objectives:
We tried to estimate the incidence of RA in Babylon Province, Iraq during 2014–2019.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study to detect new cases of the disease in Marjan Teaching Hospital from 2014 to 2019. All patients were diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria of 1987 and the revised one of 2010.

Results:
The total number of new RA cases during this period was 1814 patients. Females were 1577, and male patients were 237. The incidence was 1.1 in 2014 and then reached 1.7 in 2019 with an accumulative risk of 10.0. The average duration of the disease was 2.1 years, and the average age was 43 years.

Conclusion:
This study was done to follow the previous study performed in the same hospital between 2001 and 2011. The incidence was not significantly increased during the period of this study when compared with other studies. This study lacks the rate of severity and response to treatment, which indicate that another study is needed. It is done to see the incidence of disease and the effect of social and environmental factors that followed war conflicts in the area of Iraq.
Knowledge Assessment of Medical Students’ College Regarding the Suitability of E-Learning Application in Medical Education
Authors: Jasim Wafa Mahmood 
Published: September 2022

Background:
E-learning (electronic-learning) usually means the introduction of electronic media and other useful communicative technologies in the undergraduate and postgraduate education. E-learning is a wide term including all forms of modern educational technology in learning process and teaching, which is more appropriate for both distance and flexible learning.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the students’ knowledge regarding the suitability of e-learning application in the medical education.

Materials and Methods:
A study was done on the students of the second and fifth medical stage at Tikrit Medical College during the period from April 1, 2021, to the end of June 2021, and 520 medical students were included in the study (260 students from both stages). The data were collected through a special questionnaire sheet that contains four main items about the e-learning, and the electronic distribution of the form was conducted after receiving their verbal consent before participation in the study after full, detailed information about the study was given. The statistical test, Chi-square test, was used to estimate the relation between the current variables, and P < 0.05 was regarded significant.

Results:
The current study shows that 53.1% of the studied students were female, 65.4% within the age group 23–24 years, and 85.3% living in the rural area. There is a statistically significant among 39.7% of male study students from the second stage that the main difficulty is the disagreement of medical staff in comparison to 54.6% of students from the fifth stage that the main difficulty is the financial problems. On the other hand, 37.2% of study students from the second stage disagree that e-learning is affected by good trainer skills compared with 15.1% of study students from the fifth stage.

Conclusion:
For female students of both stages, the main problem affecting e-learning is the current administrative instruction. The study recommended that e-learning introduction into the graduate and undergraduate education will promote a direct shift toward future adult learning in all branches and aspects of educational cycle.
A Comprehensive Review of Architecture, Classification, Challenges, and Future of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMTs)
Authors: Sudha M. J. , Viveka S. 
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives:
The healthcare industry is fast accepting the benefits of Internet of Medical Things (IoMTs) and incorporating the services in day-to-day activity. The objective of this review was to comprehensively review the IoMTs, briefly revisit the functioning architecture, classify, list the challenges and possible solutions, and suggest the future trends among IoMTs usage and implementation.

Materials and Methods:
During April 2021, an extensive search for articles for Internet of Medical Things (IoMTs), medical devices, Internet of Things (IoTs) with biosensors either in title or in keywords was done using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Studies were categorized into two types: those evaluating the clinical outcomes of IoMTs and those evaluating the technological basis of IoMTs.

Results:
IoMT architecture was reviewed under four headings: sensors, IoT gateway/framework, machine learning, and reporting tools. IoMT classification based on place of usage (body centric IoMTs, hospital IoMTs with point of care kiosks, and ubiquitous IoMTs), based on the system-wise application (cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, endocrine, medication) and based on outcomes (fitness-alone IoMTs, clinical grading and monitoring IoMTs, and remote patient monitoring IoMTs) is proposed.

Conclusion:
IoMTs can be classified based on the place of usage into body centric, hospital-based, and ubiquitous systems. Classification based on the body systems and sensors aids in first-hand information about the existing IoMTs. Challenges for effective implementation of IoMTs are interoperability, data privacy, security, regulatory, and infrastructural costs. The future is promising for IoMTs with robust technological improvement and effective implementation.
Effect of losartan potassium tablets combined with Bailing capsules on rats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yu Wenhui , Duan Shuzhong , Dong Qiaorong 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To study the combined therapeutic effect of losartan potassium tablets and Bailing capsules in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.
Methods: Sixty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into blank (BG), model (MG) and study groups (OG), with 20 rats in each group. The CKD model was established in MG and OG through oral gavage of adenine. The OG was administered losartan potassium tablets combined with Bailing capsules, while BG and MG were administered saline. After 6 weeks of continuous administration, BUN, Scr, UAlb, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were assessed. Protein expression and changes in the mRNA of PI3K, Akt and NF-κB were determined.
Results: The BUN, Scr and UAlb, as well as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were highest in MG, followed by OG, and lowest in BG (p < 0.05). PI3K and Akt proteins were lowest in MG, followed by OG, and highest in BG, whereas NF-κB protein was highest in MG, followed by OG, and lowest in BG (p < 0.05). PI3K mRNA and Akt mRNA levels were lowest in MG, followed by OG, and highest in BG, while NF-κB mRNA was highest in MG, followed by OG, and lowest in BG (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of losartan potassium tablets and Bailing capsules are effective in treating CKD in rats, and improves the renal function of rats. Thse effects may be related to the down-regulation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Network pharmacology approach to screen hypoglycemic extracts from Coptidis rhizoma and stu dy on their targets and pathways
Authors: Xiao Liu , Li Yi , Liu Xin-guo , Yang Quan-wei , Yang Lei , Huang He-gui , Huang Lei , Wei Ming 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To screen the hypoglycemic active ingredients from Coptidis rhizoma, and study their targets as well as signal pathways via network pharmacology.
Methods: The fifty-nine ingredients of Coptidis rhizoma were screened for. Their targets were confirmed by comparing with the hypoglycemic targets in DrugBank databases. The relationship between ingredients and targets was revealed through String database. The ingredient-target-passageway network was constructed. Coptidis rhizoma was soaked in boiling water and concentrated. Rat models were rendered diabetic by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection, and administered Coptidis rhizoma (0.40 g/kg, once a day by gavage), and tested for antidiabetic activity.
Results: After four weeks of treatment, their blood glucose levels (BG) of all treated hyperglycemic rats decreased (p < 0.05). Twenty-four hypoglycemic compounds screened from Coptidis rhizome via network pharmacology could activate 13 targets, such as D (2) dopamine receptor (DRD2), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A (HTR3A) and sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter (SLC6A2). These targets were involved in 141 pathways, e.g., cAMP signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, and Apelin signaling pathway.
Conclusion: This study suggests that Coptidis rhizoma contains several active compounds that show significant hypoglycemic effects. Furthermore, this study has established the basis for future investigations on the hypoglycemic effects of Coptidis rhizoma.
Catalpol represses the migration, proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition of TGF β2 stimulated lens epithelial cells via TGF β/Smad and Notch1 signaling pathways
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Ma Honglei 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To investigate the role of catalpol in posterior capsule opacification (PCO).
Methods: Human lens epithelial cells (SRA01/04) were treated with TGF-β2 or co-treated with TGF-β2 and different concentrations of catalpol. Cell migration and viability were assessed via wound healing and CCK8, respectively. Epithelial- esenchymal transition and the underlying mechanism of action were evaluated using western blot.
Results: Treatment with TGF-β2 significantly increased cell viability and promoted the migration of SRA01/04 (p < 0.001). However, catalpol significantly reduced cell viability and repressed the migration of TGF-β2-stimulated SRA01/04 (p < 0.001). Moreover, TGF-β2-stimulated increases in fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), snail and vimentin. Decreases of E-cadherin and connexin-43 in SRA01/04 were reversed by catalpol. Moreover, TGF-β2-stimulated the up-regulation of p-smad2/3, while SRA01/04 was down-regulated by catalpol, but attenuated TGF-β2-stimulated increases in Notch1 and Jagged1 in SRA01/04.
Conclusion: Catalpol inhibits TGF-β2-stimulated migration, proliferation and epithelial- esenchymal transition of SRA01/04 through the inactivation of TGF-β/Smad and Notch1 signaling. Catalpol might be a novel preventive agent for PCO. However, the effect of catalpol on animal models of PCO should be investigated further.
Efficacy of c isplatin in combination with paclitaxel for oral cancer and its effect on cellular immunity
Authors: Zhang Zhongyi , Zhao Yuanlong 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To study the efficacy of cisplatin in combination with paclitaxel in the treatment of oral cancer and its effect on cellular immunity.
Methods: A total of 100 patients with oral cancer, treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from May 2018 to April 2020 were included and evenly allocated to study and control groups. The patients in the study group received cisplatin plus paclitaxel, while the patients in the control group received only cisplatin. The serum levels of T lymphocytes, interleukin (IL) -4, IL-2, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were determined.
Results: After treatment, the study group showed significantly higher levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4/CD8, but a lower CD8+ level (26.17 ± 2.14 μL). than those before treatment (p < 0.05). The control group was associated with higher post-treatment CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4/CD8 levels and lower CD8+ levels versus patients in the study group (p < 0.05). The study group showed higher levels of IL-2 and INF-γ, (246.77 ± 13.68 and 1194.62 ± 123.15 pg/mL), respectively, but lower IL-4 levels (392.48 ± 13.25 pg/mL) after treatment than before treatment. Control group was associated with higher post-treatment IL-2 and INF-γ levels and lower IL-4 levels compared to patients in the study group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Cisplatin and paclitaxel combination offers a viable treatment alternative for oral cancer, as it enhances patients’ immune function and disease prognosis, regulates inflammatory responses, and promotes patients’ recovery. Further investigations in larger population settings are, however, recommended.
Kinerja Penapisan Gaussian dan Median Dalam Pelembutan Citra
Authors: Setyawan Gogor C. , Nawansari Maya Putri 
Published: September 2022

Intisari - Metode Penapis Gaussian dan Penapis Median merupakan dua dari beberapa metode dalam pelembutan citra (smoothing image). Kedua metode tersebut digunakan untuk memperbaiki kualitas citra. Efek dari pelembutan citra adalah citra menjadi blur. Penapis Gaussian adalah penapis blur yang menempatkan warna transisi yang signifikan dalam sebuah citra, kemudian membuat warna-warna pertengahan untuk menciptakan efek lembut pada sisi-sisi sebuah citra. Untuk Penapis Median ini, data yang digunakan untuk menghitung Median terdiri dari kumpulan data yang ganjil. Hal ini disebabkan oleh jumlah data yang ganjil diharapkan piksel yang akan diproses dapat berada ditengah. Pada Penapis Median digunakan matrik berdimensi NxN. Dari matrik tersebut, kemudian data yang ada diurutkan dan dimasukkan dalam sebuah matrik berukuran 1X (NxN). Hal ini berguna untuk mempermudah menemukan median dari kumpulan data yang telah urut tersebut. Hasil perbandingan Penapis Gaussian dan Penapis Median Sesuai nilai PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise), dimana semakin besar nilai PSNR maka semakin baik hasil rekonstruksi gambar. Dari 30 gambar uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam kasus ini metode Penapis Gaussian lebih baik dari pada Penapis Median dalam pelembutan citra.
Hemşirelikte Bilme Yolları; Spiritüel Bilme
Authors: DANACI Esra , ÖZBUDAK Esra , AĞAÇDİKEN Seval 
Published: September 2022

Hemşirelik kendine özgü felsefesi ve teorisi olan uygulama ve araştırmaya dayalı bir disiplindir. Hemşirelik disiplinine özgü bilgi çağdaş hemşirelik anlayışı doğrultusunda doğa bilimleri ve sosyal bilimler tarafından kullanılan araştırma yöntemleri ile oluşturulmaktadır. Hemşirelik uygulamalarında bilimsel bilgi Florence Nightingale ile kullanılmaya başlanmış, hemşireler bütüncül bakım sunabilmek için farklı bilme yollarından yararlanmıştır. Hemşirelerin uygulamalarında kullandıkları bilme yolları ampirik, estetik, etik, kişisel ve özgürleştirici bilme şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. Hemşirelik uygulamalarında ampirik bilme, araştırmalar yoluyla bilime özgü kanıtlar oluşturmakta; estetik bilme hemşirenin yaratıcılığını yani sanatsal yönünü yansıtmakta, etik bilme hemşireliğin ahlaki yönünü oluşturmakta; kişisel bilme, bakımda bireyselliğinin ortaya çıkarmasına yardımcı olmakta; özgürleştirici bilme ise hemşirelere savunucu olarak hareket etme yeteneği sunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte diğer bilme yollarından farklı olarak spiritüel bilme, insanların maddi olmayan manevi nitelikleri ile deneyimleri algılaması ve takdir etmesi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Spiritüel bilme hemşirelerin bireyin manevi gereksinimini tanımasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Böylece hemşireler, hemşirelik uygulamaları sırasında spiritüel bilmeyi kullanarak manevi bakım uygulamalarının geliştirilmesini ve manevi bakımın sunulmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu derlemede, hemşirelikte bilme yollarından yeni bir kavram olan spiritüel bilme açıklanarak hemşirelik eğitimi, araştırması ve uygulamasında kullanılması ve gelecekte spiritüel bilme ile ilgili yapılacak araştırmalara zemin oluşturması amaçlanmıştır.
Papel que juega el Currículum crítico en las tesis de Licenciatura en Historia de 2015 a 2020
Authors: Alonzo Santizo Mirian Betzabé 
Published: September 2022

OBJETIVO: determinar el papel que juega el Currículum crítico en las tesis de licenciados en Historia de 2015 a 2020. MÉTODO: para su desarrollo se implementó una metodología cuyos supuestos filosóficos son epistemológico y metodológico; con un enfoque mixto ya que este ofrece una mayor amplitud, diversidad, riqueza, interpretación y sentido del entendimiento. El alcance desarrollado fue descriptivo y el diseño de dos etapas, en correspondencia al enfoque. El muestreo fue no probabilístico y se basó en las 13 tesis de los estudiantes de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, del plan diario, de la Escuela de Historia, de la licenciatura en Historia, para optar al grado académico de licenciados en historia. La recolección de datos, será toral para el análisis documental y de contenido, es por ello que esta será la principal estrategia a lo largo de la investigación. RESULTADOS: se descubrió que un 70%, que es el equivalente a nueve tesis, están fundamentadas en el currículum crítico y cumplen con los principios que lo caracteriza. CONCLUSIÓN: por lo que se puede argüir que el curriculum crítico, jugó un papel de primer orden en las temáticas desarrolladas, y que de una u otra manera, sus hallazgos pueden fundamentar la deconstrucción social, para guiar a la emancipación colectiva. Mientras que las tesis que no implementaron un currículum crítico, contienen un cúmulo de información valiosa, porque rescatan fuentes informativas, que ayudarán a generar aportes para nuevas investigaciones.