bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Perovskites for High Detectivity Photodiodes
Authors: Ollearo Riccardo , Caiazzo Alessandro , Li Junyu , Fattori Marco , van Breemen Albert J. J. M. , Wienk Martijn M. , Gelinck Gerwin H. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLow‐dimensional perovskites attract increasing interest due to tunable optoelectronic properties and high stability. Here, it is shown that perovskite thin films with a vertical gradient in dimensionality result in graded electronic bandgap structures that are ideal for photodiode applications. Positioning low‐dimensional, vertically‐oriented perovskite phases at the interface with the electron blocking layer increases the activation energy for thermal charge generation and thereby effectively lowers the dark current density to a record‐low value of 5 × 10−9 mA cm−2 without compromising responsivity, resulting in a noise‐current‐based specific detectivity exceeding 7 × 1012 Jones at 600 nm. These multidimensional perovskite photodiodes show promising air stability and a dynamic range over ten orders of magnitude, and thus represent a new generation of high‐performance low‐cost photodiodes.
Water Processable Bioplastic Films from Functionalized Protein Fibrils
Authors: Yuan Yusheng , Solin Niclas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA combination of mechanochemistry and aqueous self‐assembly is employed to prepare protein nanofibrils (PNFs) functionalized with perylene diimide (PDI) dyes. These materials are then mixed with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and casted into bioplastic films. The functionalization process not only results in luminescent hybrid materials, but the presence of the dye modifies the physical properties of the PNFs. Films formed from PNFs functionalized with PDIs display anisotropic organization, which enables emission of polarized light. Crucially, the presence of PDI dyes improves the stability of PNF‐PVA films in water and moreover the films are processable when wet. By applying water, films can be glued together or self‐healed by applying water. Mechanochemical methodology can thus be employed for modifying properties of protein materials. This represents a new highly flexible and novel strategy for tuning both properties and functionality of protein materials.
A Mechanophotonic Approach toward an Organic, Flexible Crystal Optical Interferometer
Authors: Kumar Avulu Vinod , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganic crystals are poised to be a potential alternative to conventional silicon and its derivatives due to their utilization as microscale photonic components like active and passive waveguides, ring‐resonators, modulators, directional couplers, add‐on filters, interferometers (IMs), and reconfigurable circuits. Among these, IMs are important for flexible organic photonic integrated circuits. Here, the design and synthesis of extremely flexible (E)‐1‐(((5‐bromopyridin‐2‐yl)imino)methyl)naphthalen‐2‐ol (BPyIN) crystals are demonstrated. The interactions stabilizing the crystal packing and crystal‐substrate adhesion dictate the elasticity and pseudo‐plasticity, respectively. The extremely flexible BPyIN crystals disclose bending geometry‐dependent optical modes in the fluorescence spectra. This understanding is extended for fabricating a fiber loop mirror (FLM)‐like geometry using a BPyIN single crystal. Mechanophotonics approach facilitates the integration of FLM‐like crystal with a doubly bent waveguide to construct a first‐of‐its‐kind IM. The light propagating path‐length‐dependent optical interference within the IM is established. These proof‐of‐principle experiments illustrate the usefulness of mechanophotonics to fabricate miniature photonic devices beyond the traditional fabrication approach.
Optical Rotation‐Based Tunable Color Filter Using Chiral Photonic Crystal
Authors: Park Wongi , Park Hyewon , Choi Yun‐Seok , Yoon Dong Ki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, tunable color filters have been desirable for various applications such as tunable colored glasses, camouflage materials, smart labels, smart windows, and dynamic displays. An optical rotation‐based color tuning (ORCT) method is presented here, which is a cost‐effective and nondestructive way to provide a wide range of color tunability using a controlled cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) as a chiral photonic crystal and two polarizers. Moreover, the color range of the ORCT can be manipulated by engineered optical rotation of the CLC film, which is verified by numerical calculations and experiments. As a proof of concept, tunable color filters are demonstrated to attenuate unexpected light sources and provide better visibility. We believe that our ORCT technology can be a cornerstone in potential color variation applications.
Synergistic Control of Hot Exciton Relaxation and Exciton–Polaron Dispersion Using a Polaron Retarder for Long Lifetime in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lim Junseop , Lee Kyung Hyung , Kim Jae‐Min , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe operational stability of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is an essential property to utilize their efficient triplet harvesting ability and reduce the usage of expensive metal complexes in commercial applications. In this study, a device strategy for extending the device lifetime using the synergistic effects of the hot exciton relaxation and polaron dispersion is demonstrated. By doping a polaron retarder to a conventional TADF‐emitting layer, the lifetime of the blue TADF device is enhanced by 98% at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2. Kinetic modeling describing the device degradation indicates that the concurrent contribution via the suppression of exciton and polaron interactions and hot exciton‐related degradation are the origin of the lifetime enhancement. It is demonstrated that the introduction of the polaron retarder finely fits to the ground and that the excited energetic relationship of the host–dopant structure simultaneously improves the operation lifetime and device efficiency without sacrificing other device characteristics.
Energy‐Supporting Enzyme‐Mimic Nanoscaffold Facilitates Tendon Regeneration Based on a Mitochondrial Protection and Microenvironment Remodeling Strategy
Authors: Wang Shikun , Yao Zhixiao , Zhang Xinyu , Li Juehong , Huang Chen , Ouyang Yuanming , Qian Yun , Fan Cunyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTendon injury is a tricky and prevalent motor system disease, leading to compromised daily activity and disability. Insufficient regenerative capability and dysregulation of immune microenvironment are the leading causes of functional loss. First, this work identifies persistent oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in the regional tendon tissues postinjury. Therefore, a smart scaffold incorporating the enzyme mimicry nanoparticle‐ceria nanozyme (CeNPs) into the nanofiber bundle scaffold (NBS@CeO) with porous, anisotropic, and enhanced mechanical properties is designed to innovatively explore a targeted energy‐supporting repair strategy by rescuing mitochondrial function and remodeling the microenvironment favoring endogenous regeneration. The integrated CeNPs scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), stabilize the mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm), and ATP synthesis of tendon‐derived stem cells (TDSCs) under oxidative stress. In a rat Achilles tendon defect model, NBS@CeO reduces oxidative damage and accelerates structural regeneration of collagen fibers, manifesting as recovering mechanical properties and motor function. Furthermore, NBS@CeO mediates the rebalance of endogenous regenerative signaling and dysregulated immune microenvironment by alleviating senescence and apoptosis of TDSCs, downregulating the secretion of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and inducing macrophage M2 polarization. This innovative strategy highlights the role of NBS@CeO in tendon repair and thus provides a potential therapeutic approach for promoting tendon regeneration.
Wide‐Bandwidth Nanocomposite‐Sensor Integrated Smart Mask for Tracking Multiphase Respiratory Activities
Authors: Suo Jiao , Liu Yifan , Wu Cong , Chen Meng , Huang Qingyun , Liu Yiming , Yao Kuanming , Chen Yangbin , Pan Qiqi , Chang Xiaoyu , Leung Alice Yeuk Lan , Chan Ho‐yin , Zhang Guanglie , Yang Zhengbao , Daoud Walid , Li Xinyue , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Shen Jiangang , Yu Xinge , Wang Jianping , Li Wen Jung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWearing masks has been a recommended protective measure due to the risks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) even in its coming endemic phase. Therefore, deploying a “smart mask” to monitor human physiological signals is highly beneficial for personal and public health. This work presents a smart mask integrating an ultrathin nanocomposite sponge structure‐based soundwave sensor (≈400 µm), which allows the high sensitivity in a wide‐bandwidth dynamic pressure range, i.e., capable of detecting various respiratory sounds of breathing, speaking, and coughing. Thirty‐one subjects test the smart mask in recording their respiratory activities. Machine/deep learning methods, i.e., support vector machine and convolutional neural networks, are used to recognize these activities, which show average macro‐recalls of ≈95% in both individual and generalized models. With rich high‐frequency (≈4000 Hz) information recorded, the two‐/tri‐phase coughs can be mapped while speaking words can be identified, demonstrating that the smart mask can be applicable as a daily wearable Internet of Things (IoT) device for respiratory disease identification, voice interaction tool, etc. in the future. This work bridges the technological gap between ultra‐lightweight but high‐frequency response sensor material fabrication, signal transduction and processing, and machining/deep learning to demonstrate a wearable device for potential applications in continual health monitoring in daily life.
Invasive plant species that experience lower herbivory pressure may evolve lower diversities of chemical defense compounds in the exotic range
Authors: Oduor Ayub M. O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPremiseInvasive plant species often escape from specialist herbivores and are more likely to be attacked by generalist herbivores in the exotic range. Consequently, the shifting defense hypothesis predicts that invasive plants will produce higher concentrations of qualitative defense compounds to deter dominant generalist herbivores in the exotic range. Here, I additionally propose a reduced chemical diversity hypothesis (RCDH), which predicts that reduced herbivory pressure will select for invasive plant genotypes that produce lower diversities of chemical defense compounds in the exotic range.MethodsI tested whether (1) invasive Brassica nigra populations express a lower diversity and an overall higher concentration of glucosinolate compounds than native‐range B. nigra; (2) Brassica nigra individuals that express high diversities and concentrations of glucosinolate compounds are more attractive to specialist and deterrent to generalist herbivores; and (3) tissues of invasive B. nigra are less palatable than tissues of native‐range B. nigra to the generalist herbivores Theba pisana and Helix aspersa.ResultsInvasive B. nigra populations produced a significantly lower diversity of glucosinolate compounds, a marginally higher concentration of total glucosinolates, and a significantly higher concentration of sinigrin (the dominant glucosinolate). Leaf tissues of invasive B. nigra were significantly less palatable to T. pisana and marginally less so to H. aspersa. Brassica nigra individuals that expressed high concentrations of total glucosinolate compounds were visited by a low diversity of generalist herbivore species in the field.ConclusionsIn line with the RCDH, the lower diversity of glucosinolate compounds produced by invasive B. nigra populations likely resulted from selection imposed by reduced herbivory pressure in the exotic range.
How child inclusive were Australia's responses to COVID‐19?
Authors: Bessell Sharon , Vuckovic Celia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFrom March 2020, Australia introduced a range of policies to respond to COVID‐19, most of which impacted significantly on the lives of children. This article applies a child‐centred framework, developed from rights‐based participatory research with children, to analyse how children have been represented in policy narratives around COVID‐19 and the extent to which policy responses have been child‐inclusive or child‐centred. We argue that, overall, COVID‐19 policy responses have failed to be child‐inclusive or child‐centred. This has important implications not only for understanding the impact of COVID‐19 on children but also in understanding—and potentially rethinking—the place of children in policies as Australia emerges from COVID‐19 restrictions.
Technique of intraoperative ultrasound‐guided excision of impalpable breast lesions
Authors: Khoo Fuquan Jeremy , Wong Jessica , Stephenson James , Bennett Ian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe introduction of breast screening programs has led to the increased detection of occult breast lesions requiring diagnostic surgical biopsy or breast‐conserving surgery for early‐stage breast cancer. Excision of impalpable breast lesions can be challenging. Whilst a variety of techniques have now been described including the use of adjuncts such as hook wires, radioactive seeds, magnetic seeds or radiofrequency devices, many of these modalities are expensive and can be logistically problematic. The technique of surgeon‐performed ultrasound‐guided excision is a straightforward technique which is safe, cost‐efficient and avoids a painful preoperative procedure for patients such as hook wire localisation. Whilst the use of intraoperative ultrasound‐guided excision of breast lesions has been widely reported, the actual technique itself has been less well described.
Solution‐Phase Synthesis and Isolation of An Aza‐Triangulene and Its Cation in Crystalline Form
Authors: Wei Haipeng , Hou Xudong , Xu Tingting , Zou Ya , Li Guangwu , Wu Shaofei , Geng Yanhou , Wu Jishan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSynthesis of triangulene and its derivatives is challenging due to their intrinsic high spin nature. Herein, we report solution‐phase synthesis and isolation of a nitrogen‐doped triangulene (i.e., aza‐triangulene) (NT) and its cation (NT+) in single‐crystal form. Notably, the cationNT+can be regarded as an isoelectronic structure of the corresponding all‐carbon triangulene. BothNTandNT+show reasonable stability due to kinetic blocking by bulky and electron‐withdrawing aryl substituents, and intramolecular donor‐acceptor interaction. Bond length analysis, magnetic measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that the neutralNThas a doublet ground state with a zwitterionic character, while the cationNT+exhibits a triplet ground state with a singlet‐triplet energy gap of +0.84 kcal mol−1. This study provides a rational strategy to access high‐spin systems by heteroatom doping of pure π‐conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons.
High‐Strength Plus Reversible Supramolecular Adhesives Achieved by Regulating Intermolecular PtII⋅⋅⋅PtIIInteractions
Authors: Wang Zhao , Huang Kang , Wan Xizi , Liu Mingqian , Chen Yong , Shi Xinghua , Wang Shutao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSurface adhesion has a great contradiction in high strength and good reversibility given their mutually exclusive requirements of fixed crosslinked networks and dynamic chain motion. Herein, we demonstrate a supramolecular organoplatinum(II) adhesive system regulated by intermolecular PtII⋅⋅⋅PtIIinteractions that can simultaneously achieve high‐strength and excellent reversible adhesion to various substrates. Upon alternating temperature, the assembly of suitably substituted organoplatinum(II) molecules can switch between well‐ordered and disordered states via tuning PtII⋅⋅⋅PtIIinteractions, resulting in stable reversible adhesion even after 100 cycles with a robust strength of ≈1.25 MPa and a large on‐off ratio of ≈25. Along with the switch of PtII⋅⋅⋅PtIIcontacts, the surface adhesion of organoplatinum(II) adhesives can be monitored by their changes in electrical signals. This study will open up new inspirations for developing high‐performance reversible adhesives.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Assisted Reversible Migratory Coupling of Aminoborane at Magnesium
Authors: Obi Akachukwu D. , Frey Nathan C. , Dickie Diane A. , Webster Charles Edwin , Gilliard Robert J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA combined synthetic and theoretical investigation of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) adducts of magnesium amidoboranes is presented, which involves a rare example of reversible migratory insertion within a normal valent s‐block element. The reaction of (NHC)Mg(N(SiMe3)2)2 (1) and dimethylamine borane yields the tris(amide) adduct (NHC−BN)Mg(NMe2BH3)(N(SiMe3)2) (2; NHC−BN = NHC−BH2NMe2). In addition to Me2N=BH2 capture at the NHCC−Mg bond, mechanistic investigations suggest the likelihood of aminoborane migratory insertion from an RMg(NMe2BH2NMe2BH3) intermediate. To elucidate these processes, the carbene complexes (NHC)Mg(NMe2BH3)2 (8) and (NHC)Mg(NMe2BH2NMe2BH3)2 (9) were synthesized, and a dynamic migration of Me2N=BH2 between Mg−N and NHCC−Mg bonds was observed in 9. This unusual reversible migratory insertion is presumably induced by dissimilar charge localization in the −{NMe2BH2NMe2BH3} anion, as well as the capacity of NHCs to reversibly capture Me2N=BH2 in the presence of Lewis acidic magnesium species.
Rosin natural terpenes as processing aid for polyhydroxyalkanoate: Thermal, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties
Authors: Charon Gaëtan , Peixinho Jorge , Michely Laurent , Guinault Alain , Langlois Valérie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRosin natural terpene (Dertoline) is compounded with a bacterial thermoplastic polyesters polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), specifically here poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer. The compatibility of the blend is examined with differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetry analysis. In the range of concentration of Dertoline, from 5 to 15 wt%, a cold crystallization peak first shifts to slightly higher then lower temperature. Dynamical mechanical analysis and tensile tests confirm that the addition of Dertoline slightly decreases the elastic modulus. The degree of crystallinity again increases then decreases with the content of Dertoline. Polarized light microscopy reveals smaller diameter spherulites for PHB/Dertoline blends and their presence is discussed in relation to tensile tests. Overall, the addition of Dertoline has limited effects on mechanical properties of the blends: the stress at break and the strain at break. In addition, oscillatory rheology at different temperatures provides the activation energies and the parameters of a generalized Maxwell model. The temperature dependence of the rheological properties follows an Arrhenius form. Finally, transient step viscosity measurements are used in order to quantify the PHB thermal degradation.
Effect of diphenyl methyl phosphonate and clay as additives on the mechanical and flame retardancy of crosslinked polyurethane
Authors: Yang Xue , Liu Wenfeng , Liu Jiyan , Liu Xueqing , Xie Xianqi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe diphenyl methyl phosphonate (DPMP) as flame retardant additive with or without clay was used for the crosslinking polyurethane (PU) in current study. The effects on the thermal properties, flame retardancy, crystallization and mechanical properties of PU were investigated, using various characterizations including thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectroscopy (TGA‐IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cone calorimetric test (CCT), X‐ray diffraction analysis and mechanical tests. Results revealed that on the one hand DPMP could enhance flame retardancy of PU and mechanical properties on the other hand. Adding 10 wt% DPMP increases the limiting oxygen index value of PU from 23% to 28.3%. The Young's modulus, elongation at breaking and the tensile strength of PU/10DPMP were 1.37 MPa, 1042% and 13.84 MPa, respectively, while corresponding values for pure PU are 1.17 MPa, 811% and 11.32 MPa, respectively. DSC results showed that DPMP promoted the cold crystallization of PU, thus accounting for the enhancement in the mechanical properties. It was found that DPMP as flame retardant mainly acts in the gas phase and therefore quenches the active radical indicated by CCT results. Moreover, addition of clay further boosted the flame retardancy efficient of DPMP by acting in the condensed phase but depressed the crystallization of PU.
Identifying priority aquatic refuges to sustain freshwater biodiversity in intermittent streams in eastern Australia
Authors: Yu Songyan , Rose Peter M. , Bond Nick R. , Bunn Stuart E. , Kennard Mark J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hydrological variability of intermittent streams means that the spatial distribution of dry‐season aquatic refuges within river networks and the temporal dynamics of hydrological connectivity between them are critical for the persistence of aquatic biodiversity. Here, a new approach is demonstrated to identify surface water bodies as priority refuges for efficient conservation management of freshwater biodiversity in intermittent stream networks.Recently developed models of surface water extent and daily streamflow were used to represent spatio‐temporal variations in hydrological connectivity and surface water persistence within river networks of eastern Australia over a 107‐yr period. Using this information, systematic conservation planning was applied to prioritize aquatic areas for conservation of 25 fish species under two scenarios. One scenario identified priority refuges to complement those already occurring in protected areas, whereas the other did not consider protected area status.The priority networks identified concentrated on the main stems of river catchments where surface water was more likely to be persistent and aquatic refuges were more likely to be connected, but also included headwaters for rare fish species. All three set conservation targets for the 25 fish species can be met in the best solution of priority networks. Although the second scenario achieved the targets with a smaller size of priority network overall, it required more new aquatic refuges and was thus less efficient than the first scenario.The newly developed datasets are useful for freshwater conservation prioritization because they account for hydrological variability of intermittent streams. The systematic prioritization approach applied is transferable to other regions and freshwater taxa to identify aquatic refuges for biodiversity conservation within intermittent stream systems.
Distinct response of near surface air temperature to clouds in North China
Authors: Jiang Shuyi , Zhao Chuanfeng , Xia Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing the daily 2 m maximum temperature (Tmax), 2 m minimum temperature (Tmin) and cloud cover data measured at ground sites of the China Meteorological Administration in North China from 2000 to 2017, this study investigates the influence of clouds on the daily temperature range (DTR) defined as the difference between Tmax and Tmin. As expected, the cloud cover shows the similar averaged spatial distribution and monthly variation with Tmin. Surprisingly, it also shows the similar average spatial distribution and monthly variation with Tmax, suggesting the more important roles of regions (latitude) and seasons associated with the variations of land surface temperature, which is further related to solar radiation absorbed and surface heat capacity. By comparing monthly variations of temperature between cloudy and clear skies, we find that clouds can weaken Tmax and increase Tmin, and thus decrease DTR. As a result, the spatial distribution of DTR is opposite to the cloud cover. The clouds have relatively stronger impact on Tmin and DTR over mountain region, which is most likely caused by the stronger longwave cloud radiative forcing associated with higher cloud tops over the mountain region.