bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5 Early Pregnancy Diagnosis inbos Taurus beef Replacement Heifers Using Color Doppler Ultrasonography
Authors: Holton Matthew P , Dalmaso Gabriela , Dias Nicolas W , Pancini Stefania , Lamb G C , Pohler Ky G , Mercadante Vitor R G , Harvey Kelsey M , Fontes Pedro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of corpus luteum (CL) color doppler ultrasonography (CD) for early pregnancy diagnosis in Bos taurus beef replacement heifers. Beef heifers (n = 183) from two locations were exposed to a 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol followed by fixed-time artificial insemination (day 0). On days 20 and 22, B-mode and CD ultrasonography were performed to evaluate CL morphometries and blood perfusion, respectively. Heifers were considered non-pregnant when CL area was &lt; 20 mm2 or estimated luteal blood perfusion was ≤ 25%. Conventional ultrasonography on day 29 was utilized to determine pregnancy status and considered the gold standard method for pregnancy diagnosis. Pregnant heifers had greater CL diameter, CL area, and CL volume when compared to non-pregnant heifers on days 20 and 22 (P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, percentage of central, peripheral, and total luteal blood perfusion, as well as the respective blood perfusion scores were greater (P &lt; 0.001) in pregnant compared with non-pregnant heifers on both day 20 and 22. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV), negative predicted value (NPV), and accuracy for CD on day 20 were 100, 70, 86, 100, and 90, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy for CD on day 22 were 100, 76, 90, 100, and 92, respectively. Pairwise comparison of receiver operating characteristics curve analysis indicated no differences (P = 0.47) between CD on days 20 and 22 (area under the curve = 0.82 and 0.84, respectively). In conclusion, CD successfully detected most non-pregnant replacement heifers on day 20 and 22, while false negative results were absent (NPV = 100%).
18 Effects of Protein Concentration, Degradability, and Beta-adrenergic Agonists on Ruminal Microbial Communities in Finishing Heifers
Authors: Pfau Alison P , Samuelson Kendall L , Henniger Madison T , Hales Kristin E , Lindholm-Perry Amanda , Myer Phillip R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To improve animal performance and modify growth by increasing lean tissue accretion, beef cattle production has relied on use of growth promoting technologies such as beta-adrenergic agonists. These synthetic catecholamines, combined with the variable inclusion of rumen degradable (RDP) and undegradable protein (RUP), may improve feed efficiency and rate of gain in finishing beef cattle. However, the impact of beta-adrenergic agonists and protein level and source on the ruminal microbiome is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different protein concentrations and beta-adrenergic agonist (ractopamine hydrochloride; RAC) on ruminal bacterial communities in finishing beef heifers. Heifers (n = 140) were ranked according to body weight and assigned to pens in a randomized complete design to 6 different treatments, containing 3 protein treatments (Control: 13.9% CP, 8.8% RDP, and 5.0% RUP; High RDP: 20.9% CP, 13.4% RDP, 6.1% RUP; or High RUP: 20.9% CP, 9.1% RDP, 10.4% RUP) and 2 RAC treatments (0 and 400 mg/day). Rumen samples were collected from heifers by oral lavage 7 days before harvest. The DNA from the samples were sequenced to identify bacteria based on the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq. Sequences and data from the treatments were analyzed using the R environment and PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst.; Cary, NC). Beta diversity was analyzed using PERMANOVA based on PCoA Bray-Curtis distances and were significant among the treatments (P &lt; 0.05). Alpha diversity metrics such as Chao1 and Shannon diversity indices were not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05). Differences among treatments at variable taxonomic levels after analyses through DESeq2 were significantly different for the main effects of protein and RAC, as well as their interaction (P &lt; 0.05). These results suggest possible effects on the microbial communities, potentially acting synergistically to improve performance.
33 Dietary Impacts on Rumen, Vaginal, and Uterine Microbiota in Beef Heifers
Authors: Pickett Autumn , Cooke Reinaldo F , Colombo Eduardo , Mackey Shea , Filho Ramiro Oliveira , Dalmaso Gabriela , Poole Rebecca K , Pohler Ky G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment investigated the effects of diet composition on rumen, vaginal, and uterine microbiota of beef heifers. Fifteen rumen-cannulated, pubertal Angus-influenced heifers were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design (28-d periods and 21-d washout intervals). Dietary treatments included diets based on (as-fed) 100% grass hay (HF), 61% grass hay + 39% corn-based concentrate (INT), or 25% grass hay + 75% corn-based concentrate (HG). Treatments were offered individually to heifers once daily at 2% BW. Heifers also received 280 g/d of a mineral mix containing melengestrol acetate. Rumen, vaginal, and uterine samples were collected on d 0 and 28 of each period for bacterial profiling of the 16S rRNA gene and pH measurement. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS using results from d 0 as independent covariates, and heifer as the experimental unit. Ruminal pH on d 28 was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in HF compared with INT and HG, and greater (P &lt; 0.01) in INT compared with HG. Uterine and vaginal pH on d 28 did not differ among treatments (P &gt; 0.10). In the rumen, Bacteriodetes was the most abundant phylum with the relative abundance being significantly greater (P &lt; 0.01) in HF and INT (64.9 and 62.6%, respectively) when compared with HG (53.9%). Prevotella was the most abundant genus of bacteria within the rumen but did not differ (P &gt; 0.10) by dietary treatment. While there were no significant differences (P &gt; 0.10) for bacterial phyla in vaginal samples, Prevotella was the most abundant genus with the relative abundance being significantly greater (P &lt; 0.01) for the HG (18.62%) when compared with HF and INT (7.78 and 10.35%, respectively). There were no significant differences (P &gt; 0.10) for bacterial phyla in uterine samples, and while Prevotella was the most abundant, it was unaffected (P &gt; 0.10) by diet. Therefore, diet impacted rumen microbiota and appears to have an influence on vaginal microbiota of beef heifers.
123 Selection for Post-weaning Fecal Egg Count Estimated Breeding Value Is Associated with Greater Antibody Production After Clostridial Vaccination in Katahdin Sheep
Authors: Bentley Kelsey , Weaver Andrew R , Wright Lee , Griener Scott , Bowdridge Scott A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In a previous study, Katahdin lamb survivability to weaning was affected by sire post-weaning fecal egg count estimated breeding values (PFEC EBV) where lambs sired by low PFEC rams had greater survivability than high-PFEC-sired lambs. Therefore, selection for PFEC may also select for improved generalized immunity. The aim of this study was to compare effects of divergent PFEC mating on antibody production in purebred Katahdin lambs in response to vaccination. Katahdin dams with a PFEC value of greater than zero were bred to positive (high-PFEC) FECEBV rams, likewise, dams with a PFEC value of less than zero were bred to negative (low-PFEC) FECEBV rams. All lambs were managed as one cohort until approximately 105 days of age. During this time on pasture, a natural helminth infection was established, blood samples were taken weekly, and fecal samples were collected bi-weekly. Lamb FEC corresponded to sire/dam genotype (943 epg high-PFEC vs. 455 epg low-PFEC; P &lt; 0.001). Serum samples were taken weekly for 3 wks after initial vaccination for Clostridium perfringens type C&D and C. perfringens type A and for 4 wks after booster vaccination, which occurred 3 wk following primary vaccination. Total circulating IgG was measured used an ovine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate lamb IgG differences, data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS with fixed effects of genotype, time, and genotype X time interactions. Means comparisons were performed on LS means of fixed affects or interactions, using Bonferroni adjustment. A genotype by time interaction revealed that IgG response to boostering favored LoPFEC lambs (1679.91 vs 1153.08 ug/mL, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). When averaged across time, LoPFEC lambs generated greater IgG concentration than HiPFEC lambs (886.79 ug/mL vs 465.15 ug/mL, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). These data indicate that PFEC breeding values in Katahdin sheep may predict immunological fitness outside the context of parasitic infections and has implications for use in selection of individuals less prone to disease.
122 Evaluation of Sire FEC EBV Type andHaemonchus contortous Infection on Feed Efficiency in Katahdin Sheep
Authors: Maierle Camren L , Weaver Andrew R , Maierle Eugene , Greiner Scott P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Understanding the impact of genetic resistance to internal parasitism and infection status on feed efficiency could be valuable to selection and management programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fecal egg count (FEC) estimated breeding value (EBV) and Haemonchus contortous (H.C.) infection on intake, feed:gain (F:G), and residual feed intake (RFI). Over two years, Katahdin lambs divergently selected for FEC EBV (LowFEC, n = 86; HighFEC, n = 87) were born mid-March at the Southwest Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center. Mid-July, lambs were transported to West Virginia University’s Animal Science Farm and fed using a Growsafe™. Lambs were provided a complete pellet (16% CP) ad libitum while individual intake was measured. Half of the lambs from each sire FEC EBV type were infected with 5,000 H.C. L3 larvae and observed for 6 weeks alongside uninfected contemporaries. Artificial H.C. infection resulted in lambs becoming moderately infected with FEC ranging from (0 – 1208 eggs/g). RFI was calculated as the difference between actual and expected intake. Expected intake was predicted based on average daily gain and metabolic body size. Intake was not affected by sire FEC EBV type or infection status (P &gt; 0.10). Infection status did not affect F:G, however HighFEC lambs tended to have greater F:G values (13.5 vs. 6.8 kg feed:kg gain; P = 0.07). RFI was not affected by sire FEC EBV type or infection status (P &gt; 0.10). Individual sire (n = 9) had a significant effect on intake and RFI (P &lt; 0.05). Year and year x sire interaction did not have an effect on RFI or F:G (P &gt; 0.40). Sire FEC EBV type and infection status did not impact feed efficiency. However, variation between sires independent of year indicates potential sire impact on progeny feed efficiency in sheep.
70 Evaluating Network Maps from Student Self-reflections During a Departmental Internship Program
Authors: Paudyal Sushil , Cameron Walker , Donaldson Jonan , Zhao Yingying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Student reflection presents opportunities to think through the learning process especially in a non-guided experiential learning course where students themselves need to focus on learning outcomes and course objectives. The purpose of this study is to explore students learning experiences by examining their reflections of university students participating in internships in the animal science industry during the summer semester of 2021 while taking coursework at the university. A total of 12 bi-weekly reflections collected and a qualitative thematic analysis was conducted with strengths, struggles, skill development, and disposition development as major theme categories. The reflections were coded in MAXQDA and network maps were created with Girvan-Newman cluster analyses in the UCINET and NetDraw software. We identified 5 clusters (Q=0.613) from correlations of the reflection codes at P &lt; 0.01 (Fig.1). In the cluster with the highest correlations, students associated internship activities with networking opportunities, gaining new perspectives, observation of experts working in context, and problem-solving, indicating that most students appreciated these aspects of the program. In another cluster, students associated skill development, experiential learning opportunities, and collaborations, with productive failure indicating that they learn from trying and making mistakes. In the third cluster, students' perceptions of career advancement, mental stamina, and work ethic were correlated with reduced confidence in their new work environment. In the fourth cluster, students identify that the activity stimulated curiosity, however, this is linked with necessary repetition, collaboration, and interpersonal skills while they struggle with the application of the concepts in the real world. In the final cluster, students’ career experience was correlated with their development of marketing skills, sense of self, responsibility, and time management. Although the internship program enhanced the students' knowledge and skills, a structured instead of open reflection is recommended to gain a better understanding of the overall picture.
A Modified Burn Comb Model With a New Dorsal Frame That Allows for Local Treatment in Partial-Thickness Burns in Rats
Authors: Weiss Fabian , Agua Kariem , Weinzierl Andrea , Schuldt Anna , Egana Jose Tomas , Schlitter Anna Melissa , Steiger Katja , Machens Hans-Günther , Harder Yves , Schmauss Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBurn wound progression (BWP) leads to vertical and horizontal injury extension. The “burn comb model” is commonly used, in which a full-thickness burn with intercalated unburned interspaces is induced. We aimed to establish an injury progressing to the intermediate dermis, allowing repeated wound evaluation. Furthermore, we present a new dorsal frame that enables topical drug application. Eight burn fields and six interspaces were induced on each of 17 rats’ dorsa with a 10-second burn comb application. A developed 8-panel aluminum frame was sutured onto 12 animals and combined with an Elizabethan collar. Over 14 days, macroscopic and histologic wound assessment and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) were performed besides evaluation of frame durability. The 10-second group was compared with nine animals injured with a full-thickness 60-second model. Frame durability was sufficient up to day 4 with 8 of the 12 frames (67%) still mounted. The 60-second burn led to an increased extent of interspace necrosis (P = .002). The extent of necrosis increased between days 1 and 2 (P = .001), following the 10-second burn (24% ± SEM 8% to 40% ± SEM 6%) and the 60-second burn (57% ± SEM 6% to 76% ± SEM 4%). Interspace LSCI perfusion was higher than burn field perfusion. It earlier reached baseline levels in the 10-second group (on day 1: 142% ± SEM 9% vs 60% ± SEM 5%; P &lt; .001). Within day 1, the 10-second burn showed histological progression to the intermediate dermis, both in interspaces and burn fields. This burn comb model with its newly developed fixed dorsal frame allows investigation of topical agents to treat BWP in partial-thickness burns.
Non-marginal jejunal ulcer perforation following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Fairweather Luke D , Pham Toan D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a rare case of a jejunal ulcer perforation in the alimentary limb ~15 cm distal to the gastro-jejunal anastomosis on the background of a previous Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) 4 months prior to presentation. Marginal ulcer is the most common cause of jejunal perforation following RYGB. However, this is usually confined to the first few centimetres, and the incidence is highest within the first month following surgery. Other risk factors include smoking and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, Helicobacter pylori infection, trauma, foreign body ingestion, Crohn’s disease, typhoid, tuberculosis and malignancy. This case does not possess any of these risk factors and thus represents a unique presentation. Not all jejunal ulcers will present with classical risks factors but still will need to be excluded, given their life-threatening nature. Also, the whole alimentary limb can be susceptible to ulceration; therefore, a thorough investigation of this limb is important to exclude perforation.
Prescriptions of Psychotropic Medications by Providers Treating Children of Military Service Members
Authors: Kucera Alexandria , Koehlmoos Tracey , Grunwald Lindsay , Banaag Amanda , Schvey Natasha A , Quinlan Jeffrey , Tanofsky-Kraff Marian 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere are approximately 1.5 million U.S. military-dependent children. However, little is known about mental health referrals for these youths. This study sought to examine the type of mental health treatment referrals made by primary care providers for child military-dependent beneficiaries receiving care in the direct (within Military Treatment Facilities) and private care (civilian-fee-for service facilities) sectors of the Military Health System.Materials and MethodsA between-subjects, cross-sectional study was performed on children aged 5–18 years old in fiscal years 2011–2015 and enrolled in TRICARE Prime. Study analyses examined specialty (“talk therapy”) mental health care and psychotropic medication referrals from TRICARE Prime (the Defense Health Agency-managed health care program) providers for beneficiary children diagnosed with attention-, mood-, anxiety-, or behavior-related disorders in direct versus private sector care.ResultsOf 1,533,630 children enrolled in TRICARE Prime (50.03% female), 8.6% (n = 131,393) were diagnosed with a psychological disorder during FY 2011–2015. Most were attention-related (5.2%, n = 79,770), followed by mood (1.7%, n = 25,314), anxiety (1.1%, n = 16,155), and conduct-related diagnoses (0.7%, n = 10,154). Adjusting for age, sex, and sponsor rank, children within direct care diagnosed with attention-related disorders were 1.7 times more likely to receive a prescription for psychotropic medication than those in private sector care, odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.66, 1.77]. Children diagnosed with mood-related disorders in direct care were 2.1 times more likely to receive a prescription for psychotropic medication than those in private sector care, OR = 2.08, 95% CI: [1.96, 2.21]. Across disorders, children who received private sector care were more likely to have a referral specialty mental health (“talk therapy”) follow-up (ps &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionsFor attention- and mood-related disorders, but not anxiety- or conduct-related disorders, direct care providers were more likely than private sector care providers to prescribe psychotropic medications. Inconsistencies of provider referrals within and outside of the Military Health System should be elucidated to determine the impact on outcomes.
Low Rates of Contraception Use in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Bhatta Manasa , Bian Aihua , Norwood Jamison , Shepherd Bryan E , Ransby Imani , Nelson Jeffrey , Turner Megan , Sterling Timothy R , Castilho Jessica L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Women with human immunodeficiency virus (WWH) have low rates of hormonal or long-acting contraceptive use. Few studies have described contraception use among WWH over time.

Methods
We examined contraception (including all forms of hormonal contraception, intrauterine devices, and bilateral tubal ligations) use among cisgender women aged 18–45 years in care at Vanderbilt’s human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1998 through 2018. Weighted annual prevalence estimates of contraception use were described. Cox proportional hazards models examined factors associated with incident contraception use and pregnancy.

Results
Of the 737 women included, median age at clinic entry was 31 years; average follow-up was 4.1 years. At clinic entry, 47 (6%) women were on contraception and 164 (22%) were pregnant. The median annual percentage of time on any contraception use among nonpregnant women was 31.7% and remained stable throughout the study period. Younger age was associated with increased risk of pregnancy and contraceptive use. Psychiatric comorbidity decreased likelihood of contraception (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.52 [95% CI {confidence interval}, .29–.93]) and increased likelihood of pregnancy (aHR, 1.77 [95% CI, .97–3.25]). While not associated with contraceptive use, more recent year of clinic entry was associated with higher pregnancy risk. Race, substance use, CD4 cell count, HIV RNA, smoking, and antiretroviral therapy were not associated with contraception use nor pregnancy.

Conclusions
Most WWH did not use contraception at baseline nor during follow-up. Likelihood of pregnancy increased with recent clinic entry while contraception use remained stable over time. Continued efforts to ensure access to effective contraception options are needed in HIV clinics.
Kap1 Regulates the Stability of Lin28A in Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Moon Hye Ji , Lee Na Yeon , Do Eun Kyoung , Lee Seo Yul , Park Gyu Tae , Lim Jae Kyong , Seo Jeong Kon , Kim Jae Ho 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lin28A is an RNA-binding protein that controls mammalian development and maintenance of the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) via regulating the processing of the microRNA let-7. Lin28A is highly expressed in ESCs, and ectopic expression of this protein facilitates reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the post-translational regulation of Lin28A protein stability in ESCs remain unclear. In the present study, we identified Kap1 (KRAB-associated protein 1) as a novel Lin28A-binding protein using affinity purification and mass spectrometry. Kap1 specifically interacted with the N-terminal region of Lin28A through its coiled-coil domain. Kap1 overexpression significantly attenuated Lin28A ubiquitination and increased its stability. However, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Kap1 promoted the ubiquitination of Lin28A, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Trim71, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, induced Lin28A degradation and Kap1 knockdown accelerated the Trim71-dependent degradation of Lin28A. Mutation of the lysine 177 residue of Lin28A to arginine abrogated the ubiquitination and degradation of Lin28A which were accelerated by Kap1 silencing. Moreover, Kap1 overexpression led to the accumulation of Lin28A in the cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus, and reduced the levels of let-7 subtypes. These results suggest that Kap1 plays a key role in regulation of the stability of Lin28A by modulating the Trim71-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Lin28A, thus playing a pivotal role in the regulation of ESC self-renewal and pluripotency.