bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Success rates of smoking cessation therapies to patients with mental illness by video consultants or by treatment in the community: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sorensen M.K. , Rasmussen M. , Hjorth P. , Christiansen R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSmoking is probably the one single factor with the highest impact on reducing the life expectancies of patients with mental illness. In Denmark, 38.8% of patients with persistent mental health problem are smoking. Patients may have problem in participating in ordinary smoking cession programs offered in the community, but they are concerned about the impact of tobacco use on their health and finances and are motivated to stop smoking.Videoconferencing addressing smoking cessation might be an alternative to ordinary consultation at the clinic because the patients can access the treatment at home.ObjectivesCompare rates of smoking cessation in two interventions.MethodsPatients diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders or depression in 3 outpatient clinics are eligible for inclusion.Primary outcome is changes in number of cigarettes smoked pr. patients per day in at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcome is abstinence from smoking at 6-month follow-up.This is a two-arm randomized controlled trial. 1. Daily video consultants at the start of smoking cessation and the months after. 2. Treatment as usual consistent of smoking cessation treatment in the community by weekly consultants.ResultsBy September 2021, we have included 64 patients. Among patients, receiving video 26% has stopped and 15% has stopped from treatment as usual.Many patients has reduced their smoking considerably. The patients in general express that they are satisfied with both interventions.ConclusionsSmoking cessation delivered by daily short video consultants seems to be the best and most effective way to help patients with serious mental illness to stop smoking.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The mediating role of state shame, guilt, and pride in the relationship between self-compassion and prolonged grief
Authors: Szőcs H. , Sandheden L. , Horváth Z. , Vizin G. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMost people experience grief-related symptoms after losing a loved one. Approximately 9.8% of bereaved individuals’ symptoms persist over the first year post-loss, emphasizing the importance of research in prolonged grief. The role of self-conscious emotions in prolonged grief, such as self-compassion, state shame, guilt and pride has been proposed in previous studies.ObjectivesOur aim was to examine the mediating role of state shame, guilt and pride in the relationship between self-compassion and prolonged grief.MethodsThis cross-sectional study collected data via online questionnaires based on self-reports (N=177, mean age: 42.26 years [SD=12.32], 97.2% women). Demographic and loss-related variables were measured, and further instruments assessed levels of self-compassion, state shame, guilt, and pride, and prolonged grief. Correlation and mediation analyses were used.ResultsTwo significant indirect effects were shown in the mediation model. First, lower levels of self-compassion predicted higher levels of state shame, which in turn predicted elevated levels of prolonged grief. Second, higher levels of self-compassion predicted higher levels of pride, which subsequently contributed to lower levels of prolonged grief. Guilt did not have a significant mediating role.ConclusionsThe results highlight the possible role of elevated levels of state shame and lower levels of self-compassion and state pride in the development of prolonged grief. It is important for researchers and clinicians to be attentive to the role of self-compassion, state shame and pride in grieving.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The association between benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine and suicide: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Høier N. , Madsen T. , Spira A. , Hawton K. , Jennum P. , Nordentoft M. , Erlangsen A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBenzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines have been linked to a variety of adverse effects including addiction. Long term use of these drugs has been associated with an increased risk of suicide.ObjectivesWe assessed if individuals in treatment with non-benzodiazepine (n-BZD) and benzodiazepine (BZD) had higher rates of suicide when compared to individuals not in treatment with these drugs.MethodsWe utilized a cohort design and national longitudinal data on all individuals aged 10 or above who lived in Denmark between 1995 and 2018. Treatment with either n-BZD or BZD was identified via the Danish National Prescription Registry and suicide deaths were identified in the national cause of death registries.ResultsIn a total of 6,494,206 individuals, 10,862 males and 4,214 females died by suicide. Of these, 1,220 (11.2%) males and 792 (18.8%) females had been in treatment with n-BZD, resulting in adjusted IRR for suicide of 4.2 (95% CI, 4.0 – 4.5) and 3.4 (95% CI, 3.1 – 3.7) for males and females, respectively, when compared to those not in treatment. In all, 529 (4.8%) males and 395 (9.3%) females who died by suicide had been in treatment with BZD. The IRRs for suicide were 2.4 (95% CI, 2.2 – 2.6) and 2.5 (95% CI, 2.3 – 2.8) for males and females, respectively, and compared to those not in treatment.ConclusionsIn this study we find that those in treatment experienced higher suicide rates than those not in treatment, this persisted when also adjusting for a large variety of covariates.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Anxiety in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Preliminary Examination of the Effect of Fatigue, Physical Disability, and Low Self-Compassionate Attitude
Authors: Carvalho T. , Côrte-Real Lopes Nunes A.L. , Benedito L. , Gomes C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, neurodegenerative, and immune-mediated disease that affects the central nervous system. Usually co-occurs with difficulties in emotional regulation and psychopathology. Anxiety is one of the most common psychiatric manifestations in patients with MS. Nonetheless, empirical evidences on the joint predictive effect of MS clinical conditions and emotion regulation processes on the development of anxiety in MS patients are scarce.ObjectivesThis preliminary study aimed to explore whether fatigue, physical disability (MS clinical conditions) and a low compassionate attitude (maladaptive emotion regulation process based on self-judgment, over-identification, and isolation) predict anxiety symptoms in MS patients.MethodsA convenience sample of 107 patients with MS diagnosis and without other neurological disorders was used in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Anxiety Subscale of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21, the Analogic Fatigue Scale, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, and the Self-judgment, Isolation and Over-identification Subscales of the Self-Compassion Scale.ResultsAll potential predictors showed significant correlations with anxiety symptoms and predicted this symptomatology through simple linear regressions. Therefore, they were selected as covariates of the multiple linear regression model, which explained 32% of the variance of anxiety symptoms. This model revealed that fatigue, physical disability, and low compassionate attitude are significant predictors.ConclusionsThe results support the relevance of psychological interventions for MS patients to implement effective strategies to regulate anxiety associated with fatigue and physical disability. Helping patients to adopt a more compassionate attitude toward the self can reduce their anxiety.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Determinants of sexual dysfunction in women recovered from COVID-19
Authors: Lagha M. , Hamdi G. , Dhaouadi N. , Chebli S. , Ridha R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWhile several studies have assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexuality and sexual behavior in the general population, very few studies have assessed sexuality in patients recovered from Sars-Cov 2 infection.ObjectivesThe objectives of our study were to assess factors associated with sexuality dysfunction in women recovered from covid-19.MethodsThis is a case-control study.The women in the case group have been infected with Sars-Cov 2, and cured for one to two months at the time of the study, women in the control group have not been infected with Sars-Cov 2. We assessed depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sexuality in both groups using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), the Post traumatic stress disorder Checklist Scale (PCLS) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).ResultsIn total, we recruited 30 women in the case group and 30 women in the control group. An FSFI score <26.55 and corresponding to impaired sexual function was found in 63.33% of women in the case group versus 53.33% of women in the control group (p=0.009). Factors influencing sexual activity were depression (OR = 17.86, CI95% = [1.1-290.12]) and PTSD (OR = 18.51, CI95% = [1.43-240.30]).ConclusionsDepression and PTSD are significantly associated with sexual dysfunction in women recovered from COVID-19, even in mild or pauci-symptomatic clinical forms.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Combined Low Dose of Ketamine and Social Isolation: A Possible Model of Induced Chronic Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms
Authors: Khalifa D. , Rashed L. , Shamseldeen A. , Stephan S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIdentifying a feasible model of chronic schizophrenia would be valuable for studying the possible underlying mechanism and to investigate emerging treatments. Our hypothesis starts from the observation that combining ketamine with isolation could result in long-lasting neuro-psychological deficits and schizophrenia-like features; thus, it could probably be used as the first model of chronic schizophrenia that emphasizes the characteristic of having a multifactorial etiologyObjectivescreation of a complex animal model capable of exhibiting the multifactorial origin and manifestation of schizophrenia.Methodswe investigated the effects of ketamine administration combined with isolation in inducing schizophrenia-like symptoms in male albino rats and the brain reactive oxygen species levels.ResultsOur results showed that the number of lines crossings in the open field test, the number of open arm entries in the elevated plus maze, and the spontaneous alternations percentage in the Y-maze were significantly lower in the ketamine + isolation group compared to both the control and ketamine + social housing group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ketamine + isolation intervention significantly increased the MDA levels and decreased the GPx levels both in the hippocampus and the cortex of the rats. In addition, our premise of creating a model capable of exhibiting both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia was also based on adding the aripiprazole treatment to a group of ratsConclusionscombining ketamine with isolation could result in long-lasting neuro-psychological deficits and schizophrenia-like featuresDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Mechanisms and Effectiveness of Online CB-ART Interventions in Reducing Covid-19-related Distress
Authors: Segal-Engelchin D. , Daitchman V. , Huss E. , Sarid O. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe combination of cognitive behavioral interventions and art therapy provides a unique tool for image transformation as a strategy for managing distress in extremely stressful situations. Previous studies offer evidence of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral- and art-based (CB-ART) interventions in reducing stress related to community crises such as wars and earthquakes.ObjectivesThis study aimed to extend current knowledge by investigating the effectiveness of CB-ART interventions in the Covid-19 context, and the mechanisms underlying them.MethodsOnline CB-ART interventions were implemented during the first national lockdown in Israel with 15 women. The intervention included drawing three pictures related to: (1) Covid-19-related emotions and thoughts; (2) resources that may help them cope with the pandemic outcomes; and (3) integration of the stressful image and the resource picture. To examine the intervention effect, participants’ Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs) values were measured using a pre-post design.ResultsParticipants’ initial distress levels decreased on completion of the intervention. Another key finding is the reduction of the initial size of the stressful image and enlargement of the resource images within the integrated drawing. This may be the proposed mechanisms underlying the reduction of the SUDs values.ConclusionsThe new perspective derived from the compositional transformations performed by the participants may have increased their sense of control and competence, enabling them to perceive the Covid-19-related stressors as less threatening. The described art-based tool can be easily implemented online by mental health professionals with diverse populations in times of community crises.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The impact of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) on facial affect recognition in psychosis
Authors: Mikhailova V. , Alfimova M. , Lezheiko T. , Gabaeva M. , Plakunova V. , Golimbet V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionOxytocin is considered as potential treatment targeting social dysfunctions in psychoses. However, results of clinical trials are inconsistent which may be due to genetic variation in the oxytocin system involved in social information processing.ObjectivesTo examine the effect of the OXTR polymorphism and its interaction with childhood adversity (CA) on facial affect recognition (FAR) in psychotic patients.MethodsPatients with schizophrenic and affective psychotic disorders (n=934) completed a task that required labeling six basic and three social emotions. The polymorphisms rs53576 and rs7632287 within the OXTR locus were genotyped and dichotomized based on prior research. For 65% of the sample, information on CA defined as parental alcoholism or psychiatric illness was collected. The polymorphisms’ role in FAR was assessed using ANCOVAs adjusted for sex, age, and diagnosis.ResultsAfter Bonferroni correction, there was a significant effect of rs53576, mainly driven by the difference between genotypes in the affective patients. GG-homozygotes recognized emotions better than A-allele carriers. A nominally significant effect in the expected direction was also found for rs7632287. CA influenced FAR but did not interact with any genotype.ConclusionsThe results provide further evidence that OXTR impacts social cognition and behavior in diverse cohorts, including psychotic patients, with rs53576 GG-homozygotes having enhanced social competencies. However, we have failed to confirm that OXTR modulates the relations between CA and FAR in psychosis. The difference in FAR between genotypes was more pronounced in affective patients, which might be due to more severe FAR deficits in schizophrenia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Impact of the Pandemic on Psychiatric Research and Publications
Authors: Mohr P. 
Published: September 2022

In addition to the global negative impact on mental health of general population, as well as psychiatric patients, Covid-19 pandemic affected significantly research. Initially, lockdowns and restrictions of human contacts temporarily disrupted clinical research activities, but the unprecedented health crisis also provided unique opportunity to study epidemiology of mental disorders, direct and indirect effects of the pandemic on psychiatric disorders, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, or long-term neuropsychiatric consequences. Research has refocused now on better understanding of the causes, presentations, outcome trajectories, and therapy of mental illnesses. New research topics are followed by the surge in publications covering Covid-19 and mental health and/or psychiatric disorders and treatments. The impact of the pandemic on research and publications is also evidenced by the results of a survey among psychiatric researchers.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The psychological well-being of family caregivers of autistic people during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy
Authors: Martinez M. , Fusar-Poli L. , Meo V. , Patania F. , Surace T. , Avanzato C. , Aguglia E. , Signorelli M.S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPeople with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently need support due to the elevated prevalence of psychiatric and medical comorbidities. The Covid-19 outbreak has severely affected the routinary functioning of healthcare services, thus causing severe consequences for autistic people and their caregivers, an already fragile population prone to mental health diseases.Objectives1. To compare the levels of psychological well-being, insomnia, and family distress perceived by caregivers of autistic people to those perceived by caregivers of people with other types of disability. 2. To evaluate predictors of individual and family distress reported by caregivers of autistic individuals.MethodsWe collected data through a cross-sectional web-based observational study from April 19 to May 3, 2020. Socio-demographic information were collected, and psychopathological variables were assessed using the General Health Questionnaire-12, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Brief Resilient Coping Scale, and the Family Distress Index.ResultsNo significant differences emerged between the two groups of caregivers in terms of well-being, sleep quality, family distress, and level of resilience. The risk of individual distress during the pandemic was higher in people caring for younger autistic people. Lower levels of resilience predicted higher levels of individual distress among caregivers of autistic people.ConclusionsOur study confirmed that caregivers’ mental health is worthy of attention and that people with disabilities may benefit for well-organized healthcare support networks (e.g. in-home services). The non-significant differences found between caregivers of ASD and non-ASD individuals may be related to the severe distress that Covid pandemic caused on the entire population.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Dissociation, cognitive reflection and health literacy have modest effect on belief in conspiracy theories about COVID-19
Authors: Pisl V. , Vevera J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionUnderstanding the predictors of belief in covid-related conspiracy theories and willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 may aid the resolution of current and future pandemics.ObjectivesWe aim to investigate how psychological and cognitive characteristics influence general conspiracy mentality and covid-related conspiracy theories.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from an online survey of a sample of Czech university students (n=866) collected in January 2021, using multivariate linear regression and mediation analysis.ResultsSixteen percent of respondents believed that COVID-19 is a hoax; 17% believed that COVID-19 was intentionally created by humans. Seven percent of the variance of the hoax theory and 10% of the variance of the creation theory was explained by (in descending order of relevance) low cognitive reflection, low digital health literacy, high experience with dissociation and, to some extent, high bullshit receptivity. Belief in covid-related conspiracy theories depended less on psychological and cognitive variables compared to conspiracy mentality (16% of the variance explained). The effect of digital health literacy on belief in covid-related theories was moderated by cognitive reflection.ConclusionsBelief in conspiracy theories related to COVID-19 was influenced by experience with dissociation, cognitive reflection, digital health literacy and bullshit receptivity.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Working in the Woodlands: A mixed methods evaluation of Green Care in First Episode Psychosis
Authors: Sharp H. , Berry C. , Cuthbert S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionRecognition of the essential role of nature-based activities for general wellbeing is expanding. Currently, there is limited evidence of the benefits of green care for those with severe and enduring mental illness, including psychosis.ObjectivesWe aim to establish benefits and difficulties encountered during a 10-session green care programme for 18-30 year olds who have experienced first episode of psychosis (FEP) using a mixed methods approach.MethodsThis was a service evaluation of a ’Woodland Group’ of 10 half-day sessions for participants with FEP. Sessions consisted of a welcome and agenda setting, ice-breaking activity, core nature-based activity. Quantitative data for this evaluation was collected through the 15-item Questionnaire on the Process of Recovery (QPR), and a semi-structured intervention experience questionnaire. Qualitative data was collected via a focus group. Thematic analysis was performed by the three co-authors.Results4/8 patients showed reliable improvement on QPR outcome measures, 1 showed deterioration and 3 showed no change. Mean QPR scores showed modest increase from average 3.4 (week 1) to 3.8 (week 10). 100% of respondents would recommend this group to others. Thematic analysis identified themes of connection with nature and others, development of a sense of wellbeing and ‘peacefulness’ and new perspectives on psychotic experience.ConclusionsThis small, retrospective evaluation is the first to investigate green care interventions for young people experiencing FEP. Our results reflect the positive informal feedback from participants and supporting staff. Limitations include small sample size, incomplete data, and reliance on patient-reported outcomes. These findings show promise for nature-based activities within EIS.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The effects of fetal or neonatal hypoxia and genetic variants on age at onset of schizophrenia
Authors: Golimbet V. , Lezheiko T. , Gabaeva M. , Korovaitseva G. , Kolesina N. , Plakunova V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFetal or neonatal hypoxia (FoNH) is a known risk factor for schizophrenia. It has been hypothesized that FoNH induced expression of schizophrenia susceptibility genes (Schmidt-Kastner et al. 2012, Giannopoulou et al. 2018).ObjectivesTo test this hypothesis, we explore the effects of FoNH and some genetic variants on age at onset (AAO) of schizophrenia.MethodsThe study included 1670 patients (women 1021 (61.1%), mean age 34.6 (SD 13.6), mean age at disease onset 25.4 (10.5) years) with ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective psychosis. The effects of FoNH in interaction with sex, family history (FH) and genetic variants on AAO of schizophrenia were evaluated. Polymorphisms rs2514218 DRD2 (n=943), Val66Met BDNF (n=820) and VNTR AS3MT (n=804) were genotyped.ResultsAmong all patients studied 179 (10.8%) had experienced FoNH. Regression model showed that FoNH, sex and FH of schizophrenia contribute significantly (p=0.000) to AAO. In the FoNH group, AAO was lower compared to the group without FoNH (20.7 (6.2) vs 25.5 (10.) years). When comparing men and women, there was a difference between FoNH and non- FoNH subgroups only in women (p=0.000). No interaction between FH and FoNH was observed though positive FH had an effect on AAO. There was the interaction effect of VNTR AS3MT and FoNH on AAO. In the FoNH group, carriers of 2 repeats had younger AAO compared to the carriers homozygous for 3 repeat variant (19.6 (4.9) vs 22. (7.6) years).ConclusionsWe demonstrate the interaction effects of FoNH and VNTR AS3MT polymorphism on AAO of schizophrenia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.