bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of antibiotic selection and interval time among advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients receiving prior antibacterial treatment and first‐line chemotherapy
Authors: Tian Xiaoman , Mei Ting , Yu Min , Li Yanying , Ao Rui , Gong Youling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo determine whether antibiotic use before chemotherapy is associated with chemotherapy responses and patient outcomes among NSCLC patients and define the optimal interval between chemotherapy initiation and antibiotic treatment.Materials and methodsOne thousand four hundred and four advanced NSCLC patients receiving first‐line platinum‐based doublets therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan–Meier curve evaluated the impact of antibiotic use and type of antibiotics on the survival of patients. The factors affect the patient's prognosis were further confirmed by Cox regression. The optimal interval between antibiotic treatment and the initiation of chemotherapy was determined by the X‐tile program.ResultsNSCLC patients of 33.5% advanced underwent broad‐spectrum antibiotic treatment prior to chemotherapy. In the chemotherapy only (Chemo) and chemotherapy plus antiangiogenesis (Chemo‐angio) treatment groups, prior antibiotic treatment was associated with worse OS (Chemo: 13.8 vs. 17.6 months, p < 0.001; Chemo‐angio:11.9 vs. 18.1 months, p = 0.012) and PFS (Chemo: 3.7 vs. 5.8 months, p < 0.001; Chemo‐angio: 3.1 vs. 5.9 months, p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed prior antibiotic administration as an independent predictor of OS and PFS (HR for PFS/OS: 1.925/1.452, both p < 0.001). Antibiotic usage duration (HR for PFS/OS: 1.030/1.036, p = 0.009/0.001) and type (PFS/OS: p < 0.001/p = 0.01) also showed significant association with patient prognosis, with calculated interval time cutoff values of 2, 4, and 2 days for fluoroquinolones, β‐lactamase inhibitors, and cephalosporins, respectively.ConclusionAntibiotic use before first‐line chemotherapy was associated with poor results in advanced NSCLC patients; treatment length and type being strongly correlated with patient outcomes. Appropriate prolongation of the time between two treatments may enhance patient survival. Further prospective research is however necessary.
Release of nitrogen during thermochemical conversion of Shenhua bituminous coal under Ar, CO2, and air atmospheres
Authors: Zhang Jinzhi , Wang Zhiqi , Zhao Ruidong , Chen Tianju , Wu Jinhu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoal thermochemical conversion processes unavoidably generate gaseous pollutants, endangering the environment or influencing synthetic processes downstream. In order to display the differences in release behaviours of nitrogen among different coal thermochemical conversion stages, the nitrogen release characteristics of Shenhua bituminous coal under Ar, CO2, and air atmospheres were investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and thermogravimetry‐mass spectrometry (TG‐MS). Results indicate that the reaction atmosphere has an important influence on nitrogen release. The total released mass of nitrogen when using 100 g raw coal in the whole experiment under Ar, CO2, and air atmospheres is 0.54, 0.64, and 0.75 g, respectively. The organic forms of nitrogen in raw coal and coal char are pyridine nitrogen (N‐6), pyrrole nitrogen (N‐5), quaternary nitrogen (N‐Q), and nitrogen oxide (N‐X). While in the coal ash, the sub‐peaks of N‐Q and N‐X disappear entirely, leaving only N‐5 and N‐6 sub‐peaks. The released nitrogen‐containing gas consists of NH3, HCN, NO, and NO2 during experiments in CO2 and air atmospheres. However, only NH3 and HCN are detected during experiments in the Ar atmosphere. The revolution characteristics of NH3 and HCN under Ar and CO2 atmospheres are similar.
AMP‐activated protein kinase α1 phosphorylates PHD2 to maintain systemic iron homeostasis
Authors: Wang Cheng , Zhang Wencheng , Xu Wenjing , Liu Zhaoyu , Huang Kai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIron is essential for all mammalian life, and either a deficiency or excess of iron can cause diseases. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical regulator of metabolic homeostasis; however, it has not been established whether AMPK regulates iron metabolism.MethodsIron, hepcidin and ferroportin levels were examined in mice with global and hepatocyte‐specific knockout of AMPKα1 and AMPKα2. Primary AMPKα1 or AMPKα2 deleted hepatocytes were isolated and cultured in hypoxia condition to explore PHD2, HIF and hydroxylated HIF1α levels. We performed immunoprecipitation, in vitro AMPK kinase assay and site‐direct mutant assay to detect phosphorylation sites of PHD2. We also obtained liver tissues from patients with anaemia of chronic disease undergoing surgery, AMPKα1 and hydroxylated HIF1α levels were measured by immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsWe found that mice with global deficiency of AMPKα1, but not AMPKα2, exhibited hypoferraemia as well as iron sequestration in the spleen and liver. Hepatocyte‐specific, but not myeloid‐specific, ablation of AMPKα1 also reduced serum iron levels in association with increased hepcidin and decreased ferroportin protein levels. Mechanistically, AMPKα1 directly phosphorylated prolyl hydroxylase domain‐containing (PHD)2 at serines 61 and 136, which suppressed PHD2‐dependent hydroxylation of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)1α and subsequent regulation of hepatic hepcidin‐related iron signalling. Inhibition of PHD2 hydroxylation ameliorated abnormal iron metabolism in hepatic AMPKα1‐deficient mice. Furthermore, we found hepatic AMPKα/PHD2/HIFα/ hepcidin axes were highly clinically relevant to anaemia of chronic disease.ConclusionIn conclusion, these observations suggest that hepatic AMPKα1 has an essential role in maintaining iron homeostasis by PHD2‐dependent regulation of hepcidin, thus providing a potentially promising approach for the treatment of iron disturbances in chronic diseases.
When Is a Change Significant? The Update Problem of Apps in Medical and Behavioral Research
Authors: Shachar Carmel , Gerke Sara , Morrell Walker , Kirby Aaron , Cohen I. Glenn , Bierer Barbara E. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTDigital applications (apps) are commonly used across the research ecosystem. While apps are frequently updated in the course of clinical and behavioral research, there is limited guidance as to when an app update should trigger action related to human research participant protections and who should be responsible for monitoring and reviewing these updates. We term this the “update problem” and argue that, while it is the principal investigator's duty to track all relevant updates, the level of involvement and re‐review by the institutional review board (IRB) of an approved research protocol should vary depending on whether the update may be classified as minor, not minor, or significant. Minor updates require at most annual notification of the IRB, updates that are not minor require prompt notification of the IRB, and significant updates may require full board re‐review or another response. We also suggest how these policies might be implemented.
Influence of Dispositional Optimism on Ethically Salient Research Perspectives: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kim Jane Paik , Mondal Sangeeta , Tsungmey Tenzin , Ryan Katie , Dunn Laura B. , Roberts Laura Weiss 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTResearch participants should be drawn as fairly as possible from the potential volunteer population. Underlying personality traits are underexplored as factors influencing research decision‐making. Dispositional optimism, known to affect coping, physical health, and psychological well‐being, has been minimally studied with respect to research‐related attitudes. We conducted an exploratory, online survey with 151 individuals (with self‐reported mental illness [n = 50], physical illness [n = 51], or neither [n = 50]) recruited via MTurk. We evaluated associations between dispositional optimism (assessed with the Life Orientation Test—Revised) and general research attitudes, perceived protectiveness of five research safeguards, and willingness to participate in research using safeguards. Strongly optimistic respondents expressed more positive research attitudes and perceived four safeguards as more positively influencing willingness to participate. Optimism was positively associated with expressed willingness to participate in clinical research. Our findings add to a limited literature on the influence of individual traits on ethically salient research perspectives.
Nothing about Us without Us: Inclusion and IRB Review of Mental Health Research Protocols
Authors: Tully Ian 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTResearch on mental health and illness presents a variety of unique ethical challenges. This article argues that institutional review boards (IRBs) can improve their reviews of such research by including the perspectives of individuals with the condition under study either as members of the IRB or as consultants thereto. Several reasons for including the perspectives of these individuals are advanced, with the discussion organized around a hypothetical case study involving the assessment of a novel talk‐therapy modality. Having made this case, the article goes on to explain how to implement the idea by building on a recent proposal by Rebecca Dresser, who argues in a number of publications for the inclusion of former research participants in the IRB review process. Finally, concerns about protecting reviewer and consultant confidentiality are addressed.
Modulating Thermostability and Productivity of Benzhydryl‐Substituted Bis(imino)pyridine‐Iron C2H4 Polymerization Catalysts through ortho‐CnH2n−1 (n=5, 6, 8, 12) Ring Size Adjustment
Authors: Han Mingyang , Oleynik Ivan I. , Ma Yanping , Oleynik Irina V. , Solan Gregory A. , Hao Xiang , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFour types of benzhydryl‐containing bis(arylimino)pyridine‐iron(II) chloride complex, [2‐{CMeN(2,4,6‐Me3C6H2)}‐6‐{CMeN(Ar)}C5H3N]FeCl2 (Ar=2,4‐(CHPh2)2‐6‐(C5H9)C6H2 Fe1, 2,4‐(CHPh2)2‐6‐(C6H11)C6H2 Fe2, 2,4‐(CHPh2)2‐6‐(C8H15)C6H2 Fe3 and 2,4‐(CHPh2)2‐6‐(C12H23)C6H2 Fe4), discriminable by the ring size of the ortho‐CnH2n−1 (n=5, 6, 8, 12) group, have been prepared in good yield (>85 %) via the reaction of the corresponding N,N,N′‐ligand, L1–L4, with ferrous chloride tetrahydrate. All new complexes were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The molecular structure of Fe3 emphasizes the distorted pseudo‐square pyramidal geometry bestowed to the metal center and the steric unevenness provided by the inequivalent N‐mesityl and N‐2,4‐dibenzyhydryl‐6‐cyclooctylphenyl groups. Extremely high activities for ethylene polymerization were achieved at temperatures between 60 °C and 70 °C following pre‐treatment of the iron(II) precatalyst with either MMAO or MAO, with the relative performance being: Fe2>Fe1>Fe3>Fe4. Notably, ortho‐cyclohexyl Fe2, under activation with MMAO, afforded the highest level of performance of this study reaching 2.82×107 g PE per mol (Fe) per h at 70 °C forming strictly linear and narrowly dispersed polyethylene (Mw/Mn=2.0) with moderate molecular weight (11.3 kg per mol). Furthermore, runs performed using Fe1/MMAO at 90 °C saw the catalytic activity drop by around only 40 % highlighting the remarkable thermostability of these catalysts. By comparison, polymerizations performed using MAO as co‐catalyst were less controlled with broader dispersities (Mw/Mn range: 4.8–10.1), while the molecular weights were generally higher (55.7–150.9 kg per mol).
In vitro characterisation of murine pre‐adipose nucleated cells reveals electrophysiological cycles associated with biological clocks
Authors: Martin Capucine , Johnston Jonathan D. , Henslee Erin A. , van der Veen Daan R. , Labeed Fatima H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdipocytes are energy stores of the body which also play a role in physiological regulation and homeostasis through their endocrine activity. Adipocyte circadian clocks drive rhythms in gene expression, and dysregulation of these circadian rhythms associates with pathological conditions such as diabetes. However, although the role of circadian rhythms in adipose cells and related tissues has been studied from phsyiological and molecular perspectives, they have not yet been explored from an electrical perspective. Research into electro‐chronobiology has revealed that electrical properties have important roles in peripheral clock regulation independently of transcription–translation feedback loops. We have used dielectrophoresis to study electrophysiological rhythms in pre‐adipocytes – representing an adipocyte precursor and nucleated cell‐based model, using serum shocking as the cellular method of clock entrainment. The results revealed significant electrophysiological rhythms, culminating in circadian (ca. 24 hourly) cycles in effective membrane capacitance and radius properties, whereas effective membrane conductance was observed to express ultradian (ca. 14 hourly) rhythms. These data shed new light into pre‐adipocyte electrical behaviour and present a potential target for understanding and manipulation of metabolic physiology.
Symptomatic femoral head necrosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A retrospective case‐control study
Authors: Wei Qijiao , Yan Qing , Lin Diantian , Gao Fei , Lin He , Chen Zhihan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a retrospective case–control study to investigate the risk factors for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsThe clinical data of patients diagnosed with RA at Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected and evaluated. Twenty‐two patients with ONFH were identified. Eighty‐eight age‐, sex‐, and disease duration‐matched RA patients without symptomatic ONFH were randomly selected as controls in a ratio of 1:4. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors.ResultsThe anticardiolipin (ACL)‐immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, clinical disease activity index, simplified disease activity index, incidence of hyperlipidemia in the case group were higher than those in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis did not find the independent risk factor in ONFH patients with RA.ConclusionThe pathogenesis of ONFH in RA is related to many factors such as ACL IgG, disease activity index, and hyperlipidemia. While, we went to great lengths to explore the relationship between antiphospholipid antibodies and ONFH, but it plays a very small role.
Culturally sensitive recommendations for the clinical pharmacist to engage the Arab American patient
Authors: Alosaimy Sara , Mohammad Insaf , Chahine Elias B. , Saad Aline , Jaber Linda A. , El‐Ghali Amer 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArab Americans (ARAM) comprise approximately 3.7 million individuals in the United States (US). The Census Bureau classifies ARAM as white and does not acknowledge them as a minority group in the Middle East North African (MENA) category creating a challenge when assessing their health outcomes. Like other minority groups, ARAM have unique social behaviors and cultural attributes that directly affect their health outcomes. However, many health care professionals in the US are not well‐informed of their culture. Hence, it is important for clinical pharmacists to familiarize themselves with the Arab culture in order to engage the ARAM patient and provide culturally competent care. This article reviews ARAM demographics and some of their common health behaviors and associated outcomes. The authors also offer culturally sensitive recommendations addressing important areas of health care to mitigate health disparities for this growing patient population.
Serendipitous discovery of (L)‐valine mediated in situ formation of two‐dimensional coordination polymer by tripodal ligand with transition metals
Authors: Batra Meenal , Kaur Sarvjeet , Shruti  , Nayak Manoj K. , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Singh Ashutosh S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA new methodology for 2D coordination polymer formation has been reported by in situ amide bond cleavage of the ligand L at room temperature under a mild condition in the presence of aqueous pyridine. The ligand is formed by the coupling of (L)‐valine with benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid (btcH3). The three amide bonds present on the tripodal ligand, easily break and forms 2D coordination polymer with btc−3 as {[(btc)(py)3(H2O)(Co)1.5].(py)(H2O)2}n (1), {(btc)0.66(py)3(H2O)Ni}n (2), and {[(btc)(py)3Zn1.5](H2O)2}n (3). The tripodal ligand L has been characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectra and their corresponding coordination polymers 1, 2, and 3, respectively, have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis.
Effectiveness of dietary counseling with or without nutrition supplementation in hospitalized patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wong Alvin , Huang Yingxiao , Sowa P. Marcin , Banks Merrilyn D. , Bauer Judith D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundNutrition support is associated with improved survival and nonelective hospital readmission rates among malnourished medical inpatients; however, limited evidence supporting dietary counseling is available. We intend to determine the effect of dietary counseling with or without oral nutrition supplementation (ONS), compared with standard care, on hospitalized adults who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for studies listed from January 1, 2011, to August 31, 2021. Meta‐analysis was performed to obtain pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs to estimate the effect. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to assess the certainty of the evidence.ResultsSixteen studies were identified. Compared with standard care, dietary counseling with or without ONS probably does not reduce inpatient rates of 30‐day mortality (RR = 1.24; 0.60–2.55; I2 = 45%; P = 0.56; moderate certainty), slightly reduces 6‐month mortality (RR = 0.83; 0.69–1.00; I2 = 16%; P = 0.06; high certainty), reduces complications (RR = 0.85; 0.73–0.98; I2 = 0%; P = 0.03; high certainty), and may slightly reduce readmission (RR = 0.83; 0.66–1.03; I2 = 55%; P = 0.10; low certainty) but may not reduce length of stay (mean difference: −0.75 days; −1.66‐0.17; I2 = 70%; P = 0.11; low certainty). Intervention may result in slight improvements in nutrition status/intake and weight/body mass index (low certainty).ConclusionsThere is an increase in the certainty of evidence regarding the positive impact of dietary counseling on outcomes. Future studies should standardize and provide details/frequencies of counseling methods and ONS adherence to determine dietary counseling effectiveness.
Management of home parenteral nutrition catheter‐related bloodstream infections in hospitals outside of a specialized intestinal failure center
Authors: Bond Ashley , Conley Thomas , Teubner Antje , Taylor Michael , Abraham Arun , Romero Salazar Francisco , Mallawaarachchi Pearl , Lal Simon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionCatheter‐related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) remain the commonest complication associated with home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Although the management outcomes of CRBSIs have been extensively reported by specialized intestinal failure (IF) centers, there are minimal data reporting CRBSI outcomes for HPN‐dependent patients admitted to nonspecialized hospitals.MethodThis was an observational study from a prospectively maintained database of CRBSIs in HPN‐dependent patients managed outside of a specialized IF center.ResultsThree hundred and six patients from a total cohort of 1066 HPN‐dependent patients suffered from 489 CRBSI events from 2003 to 2021; after 2017, 71 of these events were managed at the patient's local, nonspecialized hospital and the remainder at the specialized IF center. From 2017 to 2021, salvage of the central venous catheter (CVC) with antimicrobial therapy was attempted in 32 out of 71 (45.1%) patients admitted to the nonspecialized hospital, with successful salvage recorded in 23 (71.8%) cases. Notably, CVC salvage was attempted more commonly (77 out of 103 [74.8%]; P = 0.004 vs nonspecialized hospital), with a better salvage success rate (64 out of 77 [83.1%] P = 0.01 vs nonspecialized hospital) in patients who were admitted to the specialized IF center.ConclusionIn some instances, CRBSIs can be effectively managed when patients presenting to a nonspecialized hospital; however, overall salvage is more likely to be successful in the specialized setting. Further development of clinical and educational networks between IF centers and patients' local hospitals aimed at standardizing care may lead to improved CRBSI outcomes.
Flipped detection of psychoactive substances in complex mixtures using handheld Raman spectroscopy coupled to chemometrics
Authors: Calvo‐Castro Jesus , Tchakounte Steve N. , Guarino Valentina , Ahmed Adeel A. , Stair Jacqueline L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNew psychoactive substance (NPS) misuse represents a critical social and health problem. Herein, a novel flipped approach is presented for the detection of psychoactive substances in complex mixtures using portable Raman spectroscopy. This consists firstly of evaluating the spectral dissimilarities of an NPS product to its constituent adulterants followed by detection of the NPS by means of key spectral signatures. To demonstrate it, three structurally diverse NPS and four commonly used adulterants were selected. A Design‐of‐Experiments guided approach was employed to determine the composition of simulate street samples, ranging from binary to quinary mixtures of varying concentrations. Spectra were acquired for all mixtures using a portable Raman spectrometer and examined using projection analysis on model systems, developed via principal component analysis using reference materials. For all 21 mixtures investigated, the innovative ‘flipped’ methodology resulted in isolated and unequivocal detection of the NPS. Interestingly, the NPS signatures were consistent across all mixtures investigated and were 1712, 1000, and 777/1022 cm−1 for 5F‐PB‐22, phenibut, and N‐Me‐2‐AI containing samples, respectively. Thus indicating that the developed model systems could be applicable to structural analogs. NPS were detected to concentrations as low as 6.0% w/w. This flipped methodology was benchmarked to the instrument's output algorithms and outperformed these in terms of NPS detection, particularly for low concentration ternary and quinary mixtures. As a result, this study represents a critical change in the conceptualization of novel approaches for the detection of psychoactive substances and further denotes a blueprint for the development of detection methodologies of target analytes in complex mixtures.