bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost−utility analysis of shockwave lithotripsy vs ureteroscopic stone treatment in adults
Authors: Kilonzo Mary M. , Dasgupta Ranan , Thomas Ruth , Aucott Lorna , MacLennan Sara , Lam Thomas Boon L. , Anson Ken , Cameron Sarah , Starr Kath , Burgess Neil , Keeley Francis Xavier , Clark Charles T. , N'Dow James , MacLennan Graeme , McClinton Sam 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the cost‐effectiveness, resource use implications, quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) and cost per QALY of care pathways starting with either extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) or with ureteroscopic retrieval (ureteroscopy [URS]) for the management of ureteric stones.Patients and MethodsData on quality of life and resource use for 613 patients, collected prospectively in the Therapeutic Interventions for Stones of the Ureter (TISU) randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN 92289221), were used to assess the cost‐effectiveness of two care pathways, SWL and URS. A health provider (UK National Health Service) perspective was adopted to estimate the costs of the interventions and subsequent resource use. Quality‐of‐life data were calculated using a generic instrument, the EuroQol EQ‐5D‐3L. Results are expressed as incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios and cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves.ResultsThe mean QALY difference (SWL vs URS) was −0.021 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.033 to −0.010) and the mean cost difference was −£809 (95% CI −£1061 to −£551). The QALY difference translated into approximately 10 more healthy days over the 6‐month period for the patients on the URS care pathway. The probabaility that SWL is cost‐effective is 79% at a society's willingness to pay (WTP) threshold for 1 QALY of £30,000 and 98% at a WTP threshold of £20,000.ConclusionThe SWL pathway results in lower QALYs than URS but costs less. The incremental cost per QALY is £39 118 cost saving per QALY lost, with a 79% probability that SWL would be considered cost‐effective at a WTP threshold for 1 QALY of £30 000 and 98% at a WTP threshold of £20 000. Decision‐makers need to determine if costs saved justify the loss in QALYs.
Adenovirus receptors on antigen‐presenting cells of the skin
Authors: Gerber‐Tichet Dienst Elina , Kremer Eric J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSkin, the largest human organ, is part of the first line of physical and immunological defense against many pathogens. Understanding how skin antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) respond to viruses or virus‐based vaccines is crucial to develop antiviral pharmaceutics, and efficient and safe vaccines. Here, we discuss the way resident and recruited skin APCs engage adenoviruses and the impact on innate immune responses.
Distance sampling from curving transects in dense tropical forests
Authors: Esbach Michael S. , Patra Rohit K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLine transect distance sampling is a popular method for estimating the density of animals across the tropics. The method relies on accurate measurements of the distance between an animal and a transect to model detectability. In dense tropical forests, surveys can become time‐consuming, expensive, and dangerous when randomly placed straight line transects cross landscape features such as rivers, swamps, and dense vegetation. As a result, transects often curve as an observer deviates from an ideal, straight line. Here, we examine the practical and statistical impact of these curves. We use distance sampling simulations to assess bias in density estimates based on scenarios corresponding with different methods reliant on distinct field measurements. Methods that measure the nearest distance between the animal and the curving transect produce the most reliable density estimates. Biased estimates were obtained when using methods that ignore curves, measure the distance to an ideal line (as opposed to the curve), or inaccurately calculate the area covered in the survey. Notably, these biased estimates were most severe when observation distances were short, highlighting the importance of accurate measurements in tropical forests characterized by low visibility. Given these results and the importance of reliable density estimates to conservation efforts across the tropics, we propose a method that addresses survey design, simplifies data collection, and alleviates some of the practical field challenges associated with straight line transects. We also developed an R package (CurveTransect) based on this method with functions that ensure accurate measurements and reliable density estimates in tropical forests.
Recommendations related to the analytical equivalence assessment of gene panel testing
Authors: Nagai Sumimasa , Nishihara Hiroshi , Suzuki Takayoshi , Nishio Kazuto , Taniguchi Hiroya , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Nakamura Kohei , Takamatsu Reika , Ueno Toshihide , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Kohno Takashi , Kohsaka Shinji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdvances in cancer genome care over the past few years have included the development of gene panel testing for various biomarkers. This article summarizes issues and provides recommendations related to analytical performance evaluations for new oncology gene panels. The scope of these recommendations includes comprehensive genomic profiling assays related to gene panel testing that uses histological or serum specimens to detect gene mutations. As a research project of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Research on Regulatory Science of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, we convened the working group committee that consisted of more than 30 experts from academia, industry, and government. We have discussed the points that should be considered to allow maximal simplification of assessments using clinical specimens in evaluating accuracy and limit of detection in equivalence and analytical performance for 3 years. We provide recommendations specific to each type of gene mutation as well as to reference standards or specimens used for evaluations. In addition, in order to facilitate the discussion on the analytical performance of gene panel tests by multidisciplinary tumor boards of hospitals, the present recommendations also describe the items that companies are expected to provide information on in their packaging inserts and reports, and the items that are expected to be discussed by multidisciplinary tumor boards. Our working group document will be important for participants in multidisciplinary tumor boards, including medical oncologists and genome scientists, and developers of gene panels not only in Japan but also in other countries.
Nonhematogenic circulating aneuploid cells confer inferior prognosis and therapeutic resistance in gliomas
Authors: Li Mingxiao , Gao Faliang , Ren Xiaohui , Dong Gehong , Chen Hongyan , Lin Alexander Y. , Wang Daisy Dandan , Liu Mingyang , Lin Peter Ping , Shen Shaoping , Jiang Haihui , Yang Chuanwei , Zhang Xiaokang , Zhao Xuzhe , Zhu Qinghui , Li Ming , Cui Yong , Lin Song 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAneuploidy is the hallmark of malignancy. Our previous study successfully detected nonhematogenic circulating aneuploidy cells (CACs) in types of gliomas. The current prospective clinical study aims to further precisely subcategorize aneuploid CACs, including CD31− circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CD31+ circulating tumor endothelial cells, and thoroughly investigate the clinical utilities of these different subtypes of cells. Co‐detection and analysis of CTCs and circulating tumor‐derived endothelial cells (CTECs) expressing CD133, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), or epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFR vIII) were performed by integrated subtraction enrichment and immunostaining fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE‐iFISH) in 111 preoperative primary diffuse glioma patients. Aneuploid CACs could be detected in most de novo glioma patients. Among detected CACs, 45.6% were CD31−/CD45− aneuploid CTCs and the remaining 54.4% were CD31+/CD45− aneuploid CTECs. Positive detection of CTECs significantly correlated with disruption of the blood–brain barrier. The median number of large CTCs (LCTCs, >5 μm, 2) in low‐grade glioma (WHO grade 2) was less than high‐grade glioma (WHO grades 3 and 4) (3, p = 0.044), but this difference was not observed in small CTCs (SCTCs, ≤5 μm), CTECs or CACs (CTCs + CTECs). The numbers of CTCs, CTECs, or CACs in patients with contrast‐enhancing (CE) lesions considerably exceeded that of non‐CE lesions (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that CD31+ CTECs, especially LCTECs, exhibited a close positive relationship with CE lesions. Survival analysis revealed that the high number of CD31− CTCs could be an adverse factor for compromised progression‐free survival and overall survival. Longitudinal surveillance of CD31− CTCs was suitable for evaluating the therapeutic response and for monitoring potential emerging treatment resistance.
In their own words: Finding meaning in girls' experiences of puberty
Authors: Koch Mary Kate , Mendle Jane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present study pairs narrative meaning‐making with topic modeling to richly capture how girls choose to describe their experiences of change during puberty and to establish how these narratives map onto depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 125 girls; Mage = 11.61 years; 90.40% White) wrote about changes during puberty and reported their level of pubertal development, relationships, and mood. The relationship between meaning‐making and depressive symptoms was negatively moderated by early pubertal timing (d = .31) and positively moderated by more advanced pubertal status (d = .36). Exploratory analyses indicated that writing proportionally more about menstruation‐related changes had a small effect on subsequent depressive symptoms (f2 = .12). Results provide a conceptual and methodological update to decades‐old, landmark qualitative findings on girls' perceptions and assessments of experiences at puberty.
Paclitaxel extravasation treated with systemic corticosteroids
Authors: Cheour Mouna , Belajouza Colandane , Manaa Linda , Lahouel Maha , Fetoui Nedia Ghariani , Mokni Sana , Ghariani Najet , Aounallah Amina , Denguezli Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Chemotherapy extravasation is a rare but severe cutaneous complication associated with administration of intravenous chemotherapy. Extravasation causes serious disability and diminishes the quality of life in patients with cancer undergoing antineoplastic therapy. Treatment of chemotherapy extravasation is not standardized. We report a patient with paclitaxel extravasation who was successfully treated with corticosteroids.
Hyperkeratotic flexural erythema (more commonly known as granular parakeratosis) with use of laundry sanitizers containing benzalkonium chloride
Authors: Dear Kate , Gan Desmond , Stavrakoglou Anastasios , Ronaldson Claire , Nixon Rosemary L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Hyperkeratotic flexural erythema (HKFE), also known as granular parakeratosis, is a scaly, erythematous or brown eruption, which usually occurs in the intertriginous and flexural areas. It has been linked to the use of benzalkonium chloride (BAK).

Aim
To review the clinical presentation of patients diagnosed with HKFE who had been exposed to laundry sanitizer containing BAK, and the therapies trialled to treat these patients.

Methods
This was a retrospective cases series of 45 patients seen by dermatologists in Victoria, Australia. Information was collected on clinical presentation, investigation and management.

Results
The patients varied in age from 18 months to 89 years. The rash typically presented as a symmetrical erythema with characteristic multilayered brownish epidermal scaling. The most common location of the rash was the inguinal/anogenital area (32 of 45 patients; 71.1%) and there was a female predominance. Regarding treatment, topical corticosteroids were frequently prescribed and antibiotics were trialled in 11 patients; however, the condition resolved spontaneously over time in all patients with use of emollients, along with cleaning of the washing machine by running an empty wash, and repeated washing or sometimes disposal of BAK-contaminated clothing.

Conclusion
This large case series highlighted the characteristic clinical presentation of HKFE in the setting of BAK used in laundry sanitizer, demonstrating a potential causal link. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of the skin microbiome.
A Microfacet‐based Hair Scattering Model
Authors: Huang W. , Hullin M. B. , Hanika J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe development of scattering models and rendering algorithms for human hair remains an important area of research in computer graphics. Virtually all available models for scattering off hair or fur fibers are based on separable lobes, which bring practical advantages in importance sampling, but do not represent physically‐plausible microgeometry. In this paper, we contribute the first microfacet‐based hair scattering model. Based on a rough cylinder geometry with tilted cuticle scales, our far‐field model is non‐separable by nature, yet allows accurate importance sampling. Additional benefits include support for elliptical hair cross‐sections and an analytical solution for the reflected lobe using the GGX distribution. We show that our model captures glint‐like forward scattering features in the R lobe that have been observed before but not properly explained.
A Position‐Free Path Integral for Homogeneous Slabs and Multiple Scattering on Smith Microfacets
Authors: Bitterli Benedikt , d'Eon Eugene 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider the problem of multiple scattering on Smith microfacets. This problem is equivalent to computing volumetric light transport in a homogeneous slab. Although the symmetry of the slab allows for significant simplification, fully analytic solutions are scarce and not general enough for most applications. Standard Monte Carlo simulation, although general, is expensive and leads to variance that must be dealt with.We present the first unbiased, truly position‐free path integral for evaluating the BSDF of a homogeneous slab. We collapse the spatially‐1D path integral of previous works to a position‐free form using an analytical preintegration of collision distances. Evaluation of the resulting path integral, which now contains only directions, reduces to simple recursive manipulation of exponential distributions. Applying Monte Carlo to solve the reduced integration problem leads to lower variance.Our new algorithm allows us to render multiple scattering on Smith microfacets with less variance than prior work, and, in the case of conductors, to do so without any bias. Additionally, our algorithm can also be used to accelerate the rendering of BSDFs containing volumetrically scattering layers, at reduced variance compared to standard Monte Carlo integration.
pOp: Parameter Optimization of Differentiable Vector Patterns
Authors: Riso Marzia , Sforza Davide , Pellacini Fabio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProcedural materials are extensively used in computer graphics, since they provide editable, resolution‐independent representation of textures. However, tuning the parameters of procedural generators to achieve a desired result remains time‐consuming for users. Recently, inverse procedural material algorithms have been developed, exploiting differentiable rendering methods to find the parameters of a procedural model that match a target image. These approaches focus on raster textures. We propose pOp, a practical method for estimating the parameters of vector patterns, that are formed by collections of vector shapes arranged by an arbitrary procedural program. In our approach, patterns are defined as arbitrary programs, that control the translation, rotation and scale or vector graphics elements. We support elements typical of vector graphics, namely points, lines, circle, rounded rectangles, and quadratic Bèzier drawings, in multiple colors. We optimize the program parameters by automatically differentiating the signed distance field of the drawing, which we found to be significantly more reliable than using differentiable rendering of the final image. We demonstrate our method on a variety of cases, representing the variations found in structured vector patterns.
Spatial transcriptomic profiling to identify mesoderm progenitors with precision genomic screening and functional confirmation
Authors: Liu Guanghui , Yang Guanheng , Zhao Guijun , Guo Chuanliang , Zeng Yitao , Xue Yan , Zeng Fanyi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesMesoderm, derived from a new layer between epiblast and hypoblast during gastrulation, can differentiate into various tissues, including muscles, bones, kidneys, blood, and the urogenital system. However, systematic elucidation of mesoderm characteristics and specific markers remains a challenge. This study aims to screen and identify candidate genes important for mesoderm development.Materials and MethodsCells originating from the three germ layers were obtained by laser capture microdissection, followed by microcellular RNA sequencing. Mesoderm‐specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by using a combination of three bioinformatics pipelines. Candidate mesoderm‐specific genes expression were verified by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry. Functional analyses were verified by ESCs‐EBs differentiation and colony‐forming units (CFUs) assay.ResultsA total of 1962 differentially expressed mesoderm genes were found, out of which 50 were candidate mesoderm‐specific DEGs which mainly participate in somite development, formation of the primary germ layer, segmentation, mesoderm development, and pattern specification process by GO analysis. Representative genes Cdh2, Cdh11, Jag1, T, Fn‐1, and Pcdh7 were specifically expressed in mesoderm among the three germ layers. Pcdh7 as membrane‐associated gene has hematopoietic‐relevant functions identified by ESCs‐EBs differentiation and CFUs assay.ConclusionsSpatial transcriptomic profiling with multi‐method analysis and confirmation revealed candidate mesoderm progenitors. This approach appears to be efficient and reliable and can be extended to screen and validate candidate genes in various cellular systems.
Cutaneous metastases of non‐cutaneous neuroendocrine neoplasms: A histopathologic review of 15 cases
Authors: Hobbs Misty M. , Snow Justin T. , Shachner Tracy R. , Sokumbi Olayemi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous metastases from non‐cutaneous neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare; however, distinction from primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin (Merkel cell carcinoma) guides clinical management.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review from September 1, 2010 to September 30, 2020 of the histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical characteristics of metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms to the skin from non‐cutaneous primaries.ResultsFourteen patients were identified for the study (nine males and five females; mean age of 59.5 years). Fifteen skin specimens from 14 patients were available for review. At the time of skin biopsy, a known non‐cutaneous neuroendocrine neoplasm was present in 50% of patients. Primary sites of neuroendocrine carcinoma included lung (n = 5), terminal ileum (n = 2), and one each from prostate, breast, rectum, uterus, esophagus, and sinus, with one unknown (suspected bladder malignancy). Eleven of fourteen patients are dead of disease; one was lost to follow‐up. All 15 specimens showed subcutaneous/deep dermal involvement with six involving the papillary dermis and one involving the epidermis. The tumors ranged from well to poorly differentiated. Two of fifteen specimens showed focal CK20 positivity (one metastatic uterine small cell carcinoma and one metastatic ileal carcinoid). TTF‐1 was performed in 13 specimens and was positive in six, of which two were of non‐pulmonary origin.ConclusionsWhile immunohistochemical stains, in particular CK20, CK7, and TTF‐1, are integral in the workup of confirming the origin of neuroendocrine tumors found in the skin, results vary and are often non‐specific for a single primary site. Therefore, complete radiologic imaging as well as clinical correlation should be recommended to further aid in the identification of a non‐cutaneous primary neoplasm.
Brain volumes and functional outcomes in children without cerebral palsy after therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Spencer Arthur P. C. , Lee‐Kelland Richard , Brooks Jonathan C. W. , Jary Sally , Tonks James , Cowan Frances M. , Thoresen Marianne , Chakkarapani Ela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate whether brain volumes were reduced in children aged 6 to 8 years without cerebral palsy, who underwent therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (patients), and matched controls, and to examine the relation between subcortical volumes and functional outcome.MethodWe measured regional brain volumes in 31 patients and 32 controls (median age 7 years and 7 years 2 months respectively) from T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed cognition using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, Fourth Edition and motor ability using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC‐2).ResultsPatients had lower volume of whole‐brain grey matter, white matter, pallidi, hippocampi, and thalami than controls (false discovery rate‐corrected p < 0.05). Differences in subcortical grey‐matter volumes were not independent of total brain volume (TBV). In patients, hippocampal and thalamic volumes correlated with full‐scale IQ (hippocampi, r = 0.477, p = 0.010; thalami, r = 0.452, p = 0.016) and MABC‐2 total score (hippocampi, r = 0.526, p = 0.004; thalami, r = 0.505, p = 0.006) independent of age, sex, and TBV. No significant correlations were found in controls. In patients, cortical injury on neonatal MRI was associated with reduced volumes of hippocampi (p = 0.001), thalami (p = 0.002), grey matter (p = 0.015), and white matter (p = 0.013).InterpretationChildren who underwent therapeutic hypothermia have reduced whole‐brain grey and white‐matter volumes, with associations between hippocampal and thalamic volumes and functional outcomes.
Morphological characteristics of the nymphal stages of the giant Asian mantis, Hierodula chinensis Werner (Mantodea: Mantidae), an alien species in Japan, with remarks on its identification
Authors: Ioka Raito , Ueda Shouhei , Hirai Norio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe identified an alien praying mantis found in Japan as the giant Asian mantis Hierodula chinensis by observing the characteristics of male genitalia. Nymphs hatched from oothecae collected in Nara Prefecture, Japan, were reared in a breeding room and compared with nymphs of the native Japanese species H. patellifera. Different from H. patellifera, the H. chinensis individuals passed through 5–7 nymphal instars before emerging as adults. The body color of the H. chinensis nymphs was brownish gray in the first instar, whereas the second and later instars were green. Unlike H. chinensis, H. patellifera had mottled patterns all over its body during the first to third instar. The first to third instar nymphs of H. chinensis had mottled patterns on the femurs of their forelegs, which is a diagnostic characteristic that no native praying mantis species has. From the fourth instar, 7–10 dorsal spines were observed on the foreleg coxa of H. chinensis, whereas only 3 or 4 spines were observed in H. patellifera. These findings show that H. chinensis and H. patellifera can be distinguished in all nymphal instars.