bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of treatment pattern of anti-dementia medications in newly diagnosed Alzheimer’s dementia using OMOP CDM
Authors: Byun JungHyun , Lee Dong Yun , Jeong Chang-Won , Kim Yerim , Rhee Hak Young , Moon Ki Won , Heo Jeongwon , Hong Yoonki , Kim Woo Jin , Nam Seung-Joo , Choi Hoon Sung , Park Ji In , Chun In Kook , Bak So Hyeon , Lee Kyoungyul , Byeon Gi Hwan , Kim Kyoung Lae , Kim Jeong-Ah , Park Young Joo , Kim Jeong Hyun , Lee Eun ju , Lee Sang-Ah , Kwon Sung Ok , Park Sang-Won , Kasani Payam Hosseinzadeh , Kim Jung-Kyeom , Kim Yeshin , Kim Seongheon , Jang Jae-Won 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnti-dementia medications are widely prescribed to patients with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) in South Korea. This study investigated the pattern of medical management in newly diagnosed patients with AD using a standardized data format—the Observational Medical Outcome Partnership Common Data Model from five hospitals. We examined the anti-dementia treatment patterns from datasets that comprise > 5 million patients during 2009–2019. The medication utility information was analyzed with respect to treatment trends and persistence across 11 years. Among the 8653 patients with newly diagnosed AD, donepezil was the most commonly prescribed anti-dementia medication (4218; 48.75%), followed by memantine (1565; 18.09%), rivastigmine (1777; 8.98%), and galantamine (494; 5.71%). The rising prescription trend during observation period was found only with donepezil. The treatment pathways for the three cholinesterase inhibitors combined with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist were different according to the drugs (19.6%; donepezil; 28.1%; rivastigmine, and 17.2%; galantamine). A 12-month persistence analysis showed values of approximately 50% for donepezil and memantine and approximately 40% for rivastigmine and galantamine. There were differences in the prescribing pattern and persistence among anti-dementia medications from database using the Observational Medical Outcome Partnership Common Data Model on the Federated E-health Big Data for Evidence Renovation Network platform in Korea.
Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide modulates the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages linked to the Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Li Teng , Zhang Yan-Song , Wan Min , Wu Wei , Yao Yu-Fei , Li Wen-Juan 
Published: March 2022

Schematic mechanism of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) rebuilding the classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophage polarization balance.
AIn4S6Cl (A = Rb and Cs) and Pb5Sn3Q10Cl2 (Q = S and Se): quaternary chalcohalides with mixed anionic coordination exhibit photocurrent responses
Authors: Jiang Lin-Tao , Li Ming-Ze , Jiang Xiao-Ming , Liu Bin-Wen , Guo Guo-Cong 
Published: March 2022

AIn4S6Cl (A = Rb and Cs) and Pb5Sn3Q10Cl2 (Q = S and Se) were obtained by the halide salt flux method. They feature mixed-anionic structure units with cations coordinated by aliovalent anions and exhibit significant photocurrent responses.
Anti-inflammatory activity of nicotine isolated from Brassica oleracea in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rakhecha Bharti , Agnihotri Prachi , Dakal Tikam Chand , Saquib Mohd , Monu  , Biswas Sagarika 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, associated with chronic inflammation of synoviocytes. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RA through pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nicotine, an alkaloid used as herbal medicine, often worked as an anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we tried to uncover the anti-inflammatory impact of nicotine against RA.
Materials and methods: Nicotine was isolated from Brassica oleracea, purified by high profile/phase liquid chromatography (HPLC). In-silico docking was carried out using bioinformatics tools SwissADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion), PASS, and Drug-induced Gene Expression Profile (DIGEP)-Pred to determine drug likeliness of nicotine. The in-vitro study was performed in TNFα-induced SW982 synoviocytes by qPCR. mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL6, IL1β) and proteins (TRAF2, P50, P65) were analyzed followed by validation of P65 (RELA), pP65, IkBα by Western blot analysis.
Results: Nicotine compound was extracted from Brassica oleracea and purified by HPLC method (Rt values at 2.67 min). The physicochemical, pharmacokinetic properties and drug-likeliness of nicotine were studied by in-silico analysis. In-vitro studies revealed that nicotine lowers the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL6, IL1β) and proteins (TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), P50, P65) at 1 µg/ml in TNFα-induced SW982 cells.
Conclusion: Nicotine from natural sources (Brassica oleracea) has been found to be an effective anti- inflammatory compound at a low dosage; thus, identifying the role of nicotine present in the natural sources as a therapeutic option for RA, may be recommended as remedial drug instead of synthetic drug.
Practice-Related Predictors of Semantic Feature Verification Treatment for Aphasia
Authors: Cavanaugh Robert , Quique Yina M. , Dickey Michael Walsh , Hula William D. , Boss Emily , Evans William S. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
Specifying the active ingredients in aphasia interventions can inform treatment theory and improve clinical implementation. This secondary analysis examined three practice-related predictors of treatment response in semantic feature verification (SFV) treatment. We hypothesized that (a) successful feature verification practice would be associated with naming outcomes if SFV operates similarly to standard feature generation semantic feature analysis and (b) successful retrieval practice would be associated with naming outcomes for treated, but not semantically related, untreated words if SFV operates via a retrieval practice–oriented lexical activation mechanism.

Method:
Item-level data from nine participants with poststroke aphasia who received SFV treatment reported in the work of Evans, Cavanaugh, Quique, et al. (2021) were analyzed using Bayesian generalized linear mixed-effects models. Models evaluated whether performance on three treatment components (facilitated retrieval, feature verification, and effortful retrieval) moderated treatment response for treated and semantically related, untreated words.

Results:
There was no evidence for or against a relationship between successful feature verification practice and treatment response. In contrast, there was a robust relationship between the two retrieval practice components and treatment response for treated words only.

Discussion:
Findings were consistent with the second hypothesis: Retrieval practice, but not feature verification practice, appears to be a practice-related predictor of treatment response in SFV. However, treatment components are likely interdependent, and feature verification may still be an active ingredient in SFV. Further research is needed to evaluate the causal role of treatment components on treatment outcomes in aphasia.
Preparedness, Training, and Support for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Telepractice During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Biggs Elizabeth E. , Rossi Elizabeth Burnett , Douglas Sarah N. , Therrien Michelle C. S. , Snodgrass Melinda R. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:The global COVID-19 pandemic brought about widespread use of telepractice to provide services to children with communication disorders, including students who use aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) such as speech-generating devices. This descriptive quantitative study utilized network analysis to investigate the nature of speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') professional resource networks during the pandemic, including what aspects of their professional networks were associated with their confidence to use telepractice to serve students who use aided AAC and whether there were differences for school-based compared to nonschool-based SLPs.Method:Participants were 283 SLPs who responded to an online survey that consisted of closed- and open-ended survey items. A resource generator approach was used to gather data about SLPs' professional resource networks for AAC telepractice.Results:SLPs varied widely in their confidence for AAC telepractice. School-based SLPs and SLPs who had 3 years or fewer of AAC experience reported lower confidence, whereas SLPs who spent more work time each week using telepractice and who accessed a greater number of different types of training reported higher confidence. The number of people in different roles providing personal support and the number of different electronic/print resources accessed were not significant predictors of SLPs' confidence. The majority of SLPs wanted additional training, support, or resources related to AAC telepractice.Conclusion:The findings from this research suggest the importance of SLPs' access to quality training and support in the areas of AAC and telepractice, particularly for school-based SLPs.
Interviews for Graduate Admissions in Communication Sciences and Disorders: Methods From Two CSD Programs
Authors: Carmichael Christine M. , Mandulak Kerry Callahan , Watkins Diana 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce the interview as a complementary component to the holistic process for graduate admissions. To do so, procedural details of two master's degree programs in speech-language pathology are provided that successfully execute two different but effective interview methods for speech-language pathology admissions. Graduate applicant interview processes are used in order to assess the whole applicant at Pacific University's School of Communication Sciences & Disorders and the Woolfolk School of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Our Lady of the Lake University. Other health profession fields have established evidence that demonstrates the utility of graduate admissions interviews for holistic review. This evidence can be used by communication sciences and disorders programs to expand our awareness and knowledge, engage with the limitations, and problem solve solutions to implement and improve interview processes.

Conclusions:
Reviewing applicants beyond test scores, grades, and other traditional components is critical in order to select students who are the best match for any program. A holistic approach to admissions could involve the inclusion of interviews to collect information on the personal qualities of applicants and provide one way to measure noncognitive attributes. Interviews allow for assessment of communication skills, suitability for the program, and applicant strengths not evident in traditional measures. Whatever the chosen method, interviews may be a valuable tool in graduate admissions that can be used in conjunction with traditional test scores and grade point average to predict academic and clinic performance and encourage equitable and inclusive ways of learning about applicants.
Dry reforming of methane by microsecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma: Optimizing the reactor structures
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Gao Yuan , Sun Hao , Fan Zhe , Shao Tao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDry reforming of CH4 process can convert greenhouse gases into high‐value‐added fuels and chemicals with its broad application prospects in environmental protection and renewable energy. Non‐thermal plasma is considered an effective alternative method because it can activate CH4 and CO2 under low temperature and atmospheric pressure. This paper is aimed to optimize the plasma‐assisted dry reforming of CH4 process in a unipolar microsecond pulsed coaxial dielectric barrier discharge by investigating the effects of reactor structures. The results show that the conversions of reactants and the yields of syngas were significantly affected by the reactor structures. Specifically, a multi‐stage or foil external electrode and negative polar discharge could promote CH4 and CO2 conversions, gas product yields, and energy conversion efficiencies. For different electrodes, the maximal conversions of CH4 and CO2 were 20.4% and 14.1%, with an energy conversion efficiency of 4.4% under our experimental conditions. Higher conversions, yields, and energy conversion efficiencies were obtained with lower power input when applying heat insulation measures. CH4 conversion was promoted to 27.9% with a moderate energy conversion efficiency of 3.8%, but the conversion of CO2 was only 12% when packing materials into the reactor. The results can provide specific guidance for designing plasma or plasma‐catalytic dry reforming reactor.
Multilayer structures and resilience evaluation for multimode regional rail transit system
Authors: Ju Yanni , Yuan Haihua , Li Zongping , Gan Mi , Chen Yufan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe integrated travel demand has promoted the interconnection of multimode rail transit. As different rail transit systems are separately modeled, current network and resilience evaluation methods are limited in addressing interconnected characteristics and various travel demands. In this study, a multilayer network was constructed to validly understand the interconnected characteristics of the multimode regional rail transit system (MRRTS). A weighted multilayer regional rail transit network (W‐MRRTN) was presented to describe the travel demands and choices from an overall system perspective. Based on the W‐MRRTN combined with topological and operational features, a novel performance indicator was proposed, explicitly considered travel delays and rerouting. Furthermore, a specific definition, performance‐based metric, and simulation approach for resilience evaluation that characterized the absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capacities, was proposed. The consequences of accumulative and rerouted passengers were expressly considered to quantify the time‐dependent resilience under different disruptions. The proposed framework was applied to MRRTS in Chongqing metropolitan area, China. The results identify the stations with the highest impact on network connectivity and passenger flow, thereby proving the assortative and heterogeneous ability of the network. The comprehensive performance indicator evaluates the system more accurately than that using a single indicator. Moreover, the system under the disruption of 10, 20, and 35 min have no adaptive capacity, indicating that MRRTN is non‐resilient. The development of adaptive capacity can improve system resilience. In addition, attention should be paid to the transfer stations located near the disrupted stations. The methods and results presented in this study can be adopted as a support multimode system by transport planners, managers, and policymakers.
Measurement‐based delay, angular dispersion and propagation loss characteristics of outdoor propagation in beam domain and multi‐beam operation at 38 GHz for 5‐G communication systems
Authors: Cheng Wei‐Chung , Lin Yi‐Qi , Sheen Wern‐Ho , Hsieh Cheng‐Hung , Tarng Jeen‐Hwan , Tsai Zuo‐Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOwing to the global bandwidth shortage in frequency bands below 6 GHz, higher frequency bands such as millimetre‐wave bands will play integral roles in fifth‐generation (5‐G) communication systems. Beamforming is necessary for high‐frequency bands to maintain system coverage and increase system capacity through spatial division multiple access. Moreover, more than one beam might be used simultaneously to enhance signal quality and prevent blockages. Recent studies have investigated, focussed on power loss characteristics in multi‐beam operation, and compared the channel characteristics for single‐beam operation. To provide robust channel characteristics, knowledge of the multipath characteristics in multi‐beam operation is required in the design of 5‐G communication systems. To fill this gap such as the multipath dispersion characteristics of outdoor‐to‐outdoor propagation in delay and angular domains, the present study analysed outdoor data measured at 38 GHz and presented the propagation losses (path losses and shadowing), root‐mean‐square delay spread, and angular spread in multi‐beam operation. We believe that the dispersion statistics (delay and angular spreads) and propagation loss characteristics in multi‐beam operation would be useful in the development of 5‐G communication systems in high‐frequency bands.
Internal structures and magnetic moments of rocky planets
Authors: Rodríguez-Mozos J. M. , Moya A. 
Published: March 2022

Context. For a planet to be considered habitable on its surface, it is an important advantage for it to have a magnetic field that protects its atmosphere from stellar winds as well as cosmic rays. The magnetic protection of potentially habitable planets plays a key role in determining the chances of detecting atmospheric biosignatures. In making an estimate of a planet’s magnetic field, its internal structure must first be known.
Aims. This study proposes to use the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) internal structure as the base of a numerical model, as it is considered the best available option for estimating the internal structure of rocky exoplanets. With this model, we estimate the magnetic properties of dry and water-rich Earth-like and Super-Earth-like planets and we apply it to the first 176 planets of this kind confirmed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite exoplanet mission (TESS).
Methods. Using PREM as a reference, we estimated the internal structure of dry and water-rich rocky planets. This model provides an estimation of the average density and core size of the planet, which are the key ingredients for estimating its magnetic moment, depending on whether it is tidally locked or not. Our model estimates the thermodynamic variables as a function of pressure and including saltwater as a component of water-rich exoplanets. In addition, we did not use the perfect layer differentiation approximation. We validated our model based on the selection of planets and satellites in the Solar System with similar characteristics.
Results. Using our model, we estimated the internal structure and magnetic moment of selected dry and water-rich rocky planets and satellites in the Solar system. The differences with the observed values in the internal structure characteristics, mass, average density, moment of inertia factor, and local Rossby number are remarkably low or even negligible. The estimated magnetic moments are also very similar to the observed ones. We applied the model to the first dry and water-rich rocky planets confirmed by TESS, 176 in total, and we find, from an astrobiological perspective, that TOI-700 d and TOI-2257 b are the most interesting examples, as they are located in the habitable zone. However, we note that their magnetic moments are only about 0.01 of the Earth’s magnetic moment.
Nephrotisches Syndrom: Überblick und Basis
Authors: Diefenhardt Paul , Osterholt Thomas , Brinkkötter Paul 
Published: March 2022

Was ist neu?
Einteilung der Minimal-Change-Disease und fokalen und segmentalen Glomerulosklerose Das zunehmende Wissen über die verschiedenen Auslöser der MCD und FSGS spiegelt sich in den neuen KDIGO-Leitlinien wider, welche eine klare Einteilung der (MCD und) FSGS in primäre, sekundäre und genetische Ursachen vorsieht. Die korrekte Klassifizierung ist wichtig und hat eine direkte Auswirkung auf die Therapie.
Therapie Die Therapie besteht bei der primären MCD und FSGS weiterhin aus Steroiden oder – bei Nichtansprechen bzw. Kontraindikationen – aus Calcineurin-Inhibitoren, Mycophenolatmofetil oder Cyclophosphamid. Auch Rituximab findet in refraktären Fällen als „Off-Label“ Verwendung. Bei sekundären Formen wird die Grunderkrankung behandelt.
Ausblick Mit Sparsentan befindet sich ein neuer Wirkstoff in der klinischen Testung. Bereits jetzt können SGLT-2-Inhibitoren verschrieben werden, um einen eGFR-Verlust zu minimieren. Die zeitnahe (kinder-)nephrologische Anbindung von Patienten mit MCD/FSGS ist für das Outcome von großer Bedeutung. Durch das nationale FOrMe-Register stehen regionale Experten für die Behandlung der MCD und FSGS zur Verfügung.
Mikronährstofftherapie bei multimorbiden Patienten mit Polypharmazie
Authors: Heilhecker-Hoff Dagmar 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungIn meiner täglichen Praxis als ernährungsmedizinische Fachkrankenschwester in der Akutrehabilitation entdecke ich häufig Fälle von Mikronährstoffmangelerscheinungen. Diese kommen besonders bei älteren multimorbiden Patienten mit Polypharmazie vor. In diesem kurzen Artikel möchte ich einige Fallbeispiele vorstellen, die aufzeigen, mit welchen Nährstoffen diese Mangelerscheinungssymptome effektiv und in kurzer Zeit mit sichtbarem Erfolg behandelt werden können.
Zur antiviralen Wirkung von Zubereitungen aus dem
Knoblauch
Authors: Vlachojannis Julia , Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungAn der antiviralen Wirkung von Knoblauch mit seinen organischen
Schwefelverbindungen und Lektinen muss nicht gezweifelt werden. Die viruzide
Wirkung wurde experimentell für unbehüllte und
behüllte, Pandemien auslösende Viren demonstriert. Am
antiviralen Wirkungsmechanismus sind eine Interaktion mit den Rezeptoren der
Zielzelle, eine Hemmung der Enzyme, die das Eindringen in die Zielzelle
ermöglichen, eine Hemmung der Replikation und Ausscheidung der
Virionen beteiligt. Sieben exploratorische Studien weisen auf eine potente
antivirale Wirksamkeit. Konfirmatorische Studien müssen jetzt
für jede Knoblauch-Zubereitung die optimale Dosis und die
Wirkgröße zur Prävention und Therapie viraler
Infektionen evaluieren.
Morphinan Alkaloids from the Leaves of Alphonsea cylindrica and Their Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Cho Kin-Hau , Tan Siow-Ping , Tan Hui-Yin , Liew Sook Yee , Nafiah Mohd Azlan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA phytochemical study has been carried out on CH2Cl2 extract of Alphonsea cylindrica leaves, resulting in the isolation of three new morphinan alkaloids. They
are kinomenine (1), N-methylkinomenine (2), and hydroxymethylkinomenine (3). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis
(1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, HRESIMS) and comparison with the data reported in literature for similar alkaloids. Kinomenine (1) and N-methylkinomenine (2) showed weak
inhibition against S. aureus (MIC values of 1 and 2 = 500 µg/mL; pIC50 values in 95% C. I. of: 1 = 2.9 to 3.0; 2 = 2.9 to 3.1), while kinomenine
(1) also showed weak inhibition against E. coli (MIC values of 1 = 500 µg/mL; pIC50 value in 95% C. I. of: 1 = 2.9) by broth microdilution method.
The results obtained can be used as future referencefor the discovery of morphinans and the potential of A. cylindrica as an antibacterial source.