bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High and low Sérsic index bulges in Milky Way- and M31-like galaxies: origin and connection to the bar with TNG50
Authors: Gargiulo Ignacio D , Monachesi Antonela , Gómez Facundo A , Nelson Dylan , Pillepich Annalisa , Pakmor Rüdiger , Grand R J J , Fragkoudi Francesca , Hernquist Lars , Lovell Mark , Marinacci Federico 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We study bulge formation in MW/M31-like galaxies in a Λ-cold dark matter scenario, focusing on the origin of high- and low-Sersic index bulges. For this purpose, we use TNG50, a simulation of the IllustrisTNG project that combines a resolution of ∼8 × 104 M⊙ in stellar particles with a cosmological volume 52 cMpc in extent. We parametrize bulge surface brightness profiles by the Sérsic index and the bulge-to-total (B/T) ratio obtained from two-component photometric decompositions. In our sample of 287 MW/M31-like simulated galaxies, $17.1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of photometric bulges exhibit high-Sérsic indices and $82.9{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ show low-Sérsic indices. We study the impact that the environment, mergers and bars have in shaping the surface brightness profiles. We find no correlation between bulge properties and the environment where they reside. Simulated galaxies with higher Sérsic indices show, on average, a higher fraction of ex situ stars in their kinematically selected bulges. For this bulge population, the last significant merger (total mass ratio msat/mhost &gt; 0.1) occurs, on average, at later times. However, a substantial fraction of low-Sérsic index bulges also experience a late significant merger. We find that bars play an important role in the development of the different types of photometric bulges. The fraction of simulated galaxies with bars is smaller for the high- than for the low-Sérsic index population, reaching differences of $20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at z &gt; 1. Simulated galaxies with high fractions of ex situ stars in the bulge do not develop strong bars. Conversely, simulated galaxies with long-lived strong bars have bulges with ex situ fractions, fex situ &lt; 0.2.
Observational constraints and dynamical analysis of Kaniadakis horizon-entropy cosmology
Authors: Hernández-Almada A , Leon Genly , Magaña Juan , García-Aspeitia Miguel A , Motta V , Saridakis Emmanuel N , Yesmakhanova Kuralay , Millano Alfredo D 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the scenario of Kaniadakis horizon-entropy cosmology, which arises from the application of the gravity-thermodynamics conjecture using the Kaniadakis modified entropy. The resulting modified Friedmann equations contain extra terms that constitute an effective dark energy sector. We use data from cosmic chronometers, Type Ia supernova, H ii galaxies, strong lensing systems, and baryon acoustic oscillation observations, and we apply a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis to construct the likelihood contours for the model parameters. We find that the Kaniadakis parameter is constrained around 0, namely around the value where the standard Bekenstein–Hawking is recovered. Concerning the normalized Hubble parameter, we find $h=0.708^{+0.012}_{-0.011}$, a result that is independently verified by applying the $\mathbf {\mathbb {H}}0(z)$ diagnostic and, thus, we conclude that the scenario at hand can alleviate the H0 tension problem. Regarding the transition redshift, the reconstruction of the cosmographic parameters gives $z_{\rm T}=0.715^{+0.042}_{-0.041}$. Furthermore, we apply the Akaike, Bayesian, and deviance information criteria, and we find that in most data sets the scenario is statistical equivalent to Λ cold dark matter one. Moreover, we examine the big bang nucleosynthesis, and we show that the scenario satisfies the corresponding requirements. Additionally, we perform a phase-space analysis, and we show that the Universe past attractor is the matter-dominated epoch, while at late times the Universe results in the dark-energy-dominated solution. Finally, we show that Kaniadakis horizon-entropy cosmology accepts heteroclinic sequences, but it cannot exhibit bounce and turnaround solutions.
Galactic angular momentum in the IllustrisTNG simulation – I. Connection to morphology, halo spin, and black hole mass
Authors: Rodriguez-Gomez Vicente , Genel Shy , Fall S Michael , Pillepich Annalisa , Huertas-Company Marc , Nelson Dylan , Pérez-Montaño Luis Enrique , Marinacci Federico , Pakmor Rüdiger , Springel Volker , Vogelsberger Mark , Hernquist Lars 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We use the TNG100 simulation of the IllustrisTNG project to investigate the stellar specific angular momenta (j*) of ∼12 000 central galaxies at z = 0 in a full cosmological context, with stellar masses (M*) ranging from 109 to $10^{12} \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. We find that the j*–M* relations for early-type and late-type galaxies in IllustrisTNG are in good overall agreement with observations, and that these galaxy types typically ‘retain’ ∼10–20 and ∼50–60 per cent of their host haloes’ specific angular momenta, respectively, with some dependence on the methodology used to measure galaxy morphology. We present results for kinematic as well as visual-like morphological measurements of the simulated galaxies. Next, we explore the scatter in the j*–M* relation with respect to the spin of the dark matter halo and the mass of the supermassive black hole (BH) at the galactic centre. We find that galaxies residing in faster spinning haloes, as well as those hosting less massive BHs, tend to have a higher specific angular momentum. We also find that, at fixed galaxy or halo mass, halo spin and BH mass are anticorrelated with each other, probably as a consequence of more efficient gas flow towards the galactic centre in slowly rotating systems. Finally, we show that halo spin plays an important role in determining galaxy sizes – larger discs form at the centres of faster rotating haloes – although the trend breaks down for massive galaxies with $M_{\ast } \gtrsim 10^{11} \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, roughly the mass scale at which a galaxy’s stellar mass becomes dominated by accreted stars.
New XMM–Newton observations of faint, evolved supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Kavanagh P J , Sasaki M , Filipović M D , Points S D , Bozzetto L M , Haberl F , Maggi P , Maitra C 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) hosts a rich population of supernova remnants (SNRs), our knowledge of which is the most complete of any galaxy. However, there remain many candidate SNRs, identified through optical and radio observations where additional X-ray data can confirm their SNR nature and provide details on their physical properties. In this paper, we present XMM–Newton observations that provide the first deep X-ray coverage of ten objects, comprising eight candidates and two previously confirmed SNRs. We perform multifrequency studies using additional data from the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) to investigate their broad-band emission and used Spitzer data to understand the environment in which the objects are evolving. We confirm seven of the eight candidates as bona-fide SNRs. We used a multifrequency morphological study to determine the position and size of the remnants. We identify two new members of the class of evolved Fe-rich remnants in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs), several SNRs well into their Sedov-phase, one SNR likely projected towards a H ii region, and a faint, evolved SNR with a hard X-ray core which could indicate a pulsar wind nebula. Overall, the seven newly confirmed SNRs represent a ∼10-per cent increase in the number of LMC remnants, bringing the total number to 71, and provide further insight into the fainter population of X-ray SNRs.
Probing the parameters of the intergalactic medium using quasars
Authors: Dalton Tony , Morris Simon L , Fumagalli Michele , Gatuzz Efrain 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We continue our series of papers on intergalactic medium (IGM) tracers using quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), having examined gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and blazars in earlier studies. We have estimated the IGM properties of hydrogen column density ($\mathit {N}\small {\rm HXIGM}$), temperature, and metallicity using XMM–Newton QSO spectra over a large redshift range, with a collisional ionization equilibrium model for the ionized plasma. The $\mathit {N}\small {\rm HXIGM}$ parameter results were robust with respect to intrinsic power laws, spectral counts, reflection hump, and soft excess features. There is scope for a luminosity bias given both luminosity and $\mathit {N}\small {\rm HXIGM}$ scale with redshift, but we find this unlikely given the consistent IGM parameter results across the other tracer types reviewed. The impact of intervening high-column density absorbers was found to be minimal. The $\mathit {N}\small {\rm HXIGM}$ from the QSO sample scales as (1 + z)1.5 ± 0.2. The mean hydrogen density at z = 0 is n0 = (2.8 ± 0.3) × 10−7 cm−3, the mean IGM temperature over the full redshift range is log(T/K) =6.5 ± 0.1, and the mean metallicity is [X/H] = −1.3 ± 0.1(Z ∼ 0.05). Aggregating with our previous GRB and blazar tracers, we conclude that we have provided evidence of the IGM contributing substantially and consistently to the total X-ray absorption seen in the spectra. These results are based on the necessarily simplistic slab model used for the IGM, due to the inability of current X-ray data to constrain the IGM redshift distribution.
The High Time Resolution Universe Pulsar Survey – XVII. PSR J1325−6253, a low eccentricity double neutron star system from an ultra-stripped supernova
Authors: Sengar R , Balakrishnan V , Stevenson S , Bailes M , Barr E D , Bhat N D R , Burgay M , Bernadich M C i , Cameron A D , Champion D J , Chen W , Flynn C M L , Jameson A , Johnston S , Keith M J , Kramer M , Morello V , Ng C , Possenti A , Stappers B , Shannon R M , van Straten W , Wongphechauxsorn J 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The observable population of double neutron star (DNS) systems in the Milky Way allow us to understand the nature of supernovae and binary stellar evolution. Until now, all DNS systems in wide orbits (Porb &gt; 1 d) have been found to have orbital eccentricities, e &gt; 0.1. In this paper, we report the discovery of pulsar PSR J1325−6253: a DNS system in a 1.81-d orbit with a surprisingly low eccentricity of just e = 0.064. Through, 1.4 yr of dedicated timing with the Parkes radio telescope we have been able to measure its rate of advance of periastron, $\dot{\omega }=0{_{.}^{\circ}}138\pm 0{_{.}^{\circ}}002\, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. If this induced $\dot{\omega }$ is solely due to general relativity then the total mass of the system is, Msys = 2.57 ± 0.06 M⊙. Assuming an edge-on orbit the minimum companion mass is constrained to be Mc, min &gt; 0.98 M⊙ which implies the pulsar mass is Mp, max &lt; 1.59 M⊙. Its location in the P–$\dot{P}$ diagram suggests that, like other DNS systems, PSR J1325−6253 is a recycled pulsar and if its mass is similar to the known examples (&gt;1.3 M⊙), then the companion neutron star is probably less than ∼1.25 M⊙ and the system is inclined at about 50°–60°. The low eccentricity along with the wide orbit of the system strongly favours a formation scenario involving an ultra-stripped supernova explosion.
Cosmological implications of the full shape of anisotropic clustering measurements in BOSS and eBOSS
Authors: Semenaite Agne , Sánchez Ariel G , Pezzotta Andrea , Hou Jiamin , Scoccimarro Roman , Eggemeier Alexander , Crocce Martin , Chuang Chia-Hsun , Smith Alexander , Zhao Cheng , Brownstein Joel R , Rossi Graziano , Schneider Donald P 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe present the analysis of the full shape of anisotropic clustering measurement from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) quasar sample together with the combined galaxy sample from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), re-analysed using an updated recipe for the non-linear matter power spectrum and the non-local bias parameters. We obtain constraints for flat Lambda cold dark matter cosmologies, focusing on the cosmological parameters that are independent of the Hubble parameter h. Our recovered value for the Root Mean Square (RMS) linear perturbation theory variance as measured on the scale of $12\, {\rm Mpc}$ is σ12 = 0.805 ± 0.049, while using the traditional reference scale of $8\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$ gives σ8 = 0.815 ± 0.044. We quantify the agreement between our measurements and the latest cosmic microwave background data from Planck using the suspiciousness metric, and find them to be consistent within 0.64 ± 0.03σ. Combining our clustering constraints with the 3 × 2pt data sample from the Dark Energy Survey Year 1 release slightly degrades this agreement to the level of 1.54 ± 0.08σ, while still showing an overall consistency with Planck. We furthermore study the effect of imposing a Planck – like prior on the parameters that define the shape of the linear matter power spectrum, and find significantly tighter constraints on the parameters that control the evolution of density fluctuations. In particular, the combination of low-redshift data sets prefers a value of the physical dark energy density ωDE = 0.335 ± 0.011, which is 1.7σ higher than the one preferred by Planck.
An Enigmatic Stramenopile Sheds Light on Early Evolution in Ochrophyta Plastid Organellogenesis
Authors: Azuma Tomonori , Pánek Tomáš , Tice Alexander K. , Kayama Motoki , Kobayashi Mayumi , Miyashita Hideaki , Suzaki Toshinobu , Yabuki Akinori , Brown Matthew W. , Kamikawa Ryoma 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ochrophyta is an algal group belonging to the Stramenopiles and comprises diverse lineages of algae which contribute significantly to the oceanic ecosystems as primary producers. However, early evolution of the plastid organelle in Ochrophyta is not fully understood. In this study, we provide a well-supported tree of the Stramenopiles inferred by the large-scale phylogenomic analysis that unveils the eukaryvorous (nonphotosynthetic) protist Actinophrys sol (Actinophryidae) is closely related to Ochrophyta. We used genomic and transcriptomic data generated from A. sol to detect molecular traits of its plastid and we found no evidence of plastid genome and plastid-mediated biosynthesis, consistent with previous ultrastructural studies that did not identify any plastids in Actinophryidae. Moreover, our phylogenetic analyses of particular biosynthetic pathways provide no evidence of a current and past plastid in A. sol. However, we found more than a dozen organellar aminoacyl-tRNA synthases (aaRSs) that are of algal origin. Close relationships between aaRS from A. sol and their ochrophyte homologs document gene transfer of algal genes that happened before the divergence of Actinophryidae and Ochrophyta lineages. We further showed experimentally that organellar aaRSs of A. sol are targeted exclusively to mitochondria, although organellar aaRSs in Ochrophyta are dually targeted to mitochondria and plastids. Together, our findings suggested that the last common ancestor of Actinophryidae and Ochrophyta had not yet completed the establishment of host–plastid partnership as seen in the current Ochrophyta species, but acquired at least certain nuclear-encoded genes for the plastid functions.
EPIMUTESTR: a nearest neighbor machine learning approach to predict cancer driver genes from the evolutionary action of coding variants
Authors: Parvandeh Saeid , Donehower Lawrence A , Katsonis Panagiotis , Hsu Teng-Kuei , Asmussen Jennifer K , Lee Kwanghyuk , Lichtarge Olivier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiscovering rare cancer driver genes is difficult because their mutational frequency is too low for statistical detection by computational methods. EPIMUTESTR is an integrative nearest-neighbor machine learning algorithm that identifies such marginal genes by modeling the fitness of their mutations with the phylogenetic Evolutionary Action (EA) score. Over cohorts of sequenced patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas representing 33 tumor types, EPIMUTESTR detected 214 previously inferred cancer driver genes and 137 new candidates never identified computationally before of which seven genes are supported in the COSMIC Cancer Gene Census. EPIMUTESTR achieved better robustness and specificity than existing methods in a number of benchmark methods and datasets.
Joint dimension reduction and clustering analysis of single-cell RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics data
Authors: Liu Wei , Liao Xu , Yang Yi , Lin Huazhen , Yeong Joe , Zhou Xiang , Shi Xingjie , Liu Jin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dimension reduction and (spatial) clustering is usually performed sequentially; however, the low-dimensional embeddings estimated in the dimension-reduction step may not be relevant to the class labels inferred in the clustering step. We therefore developed a computation method, Dimension-Reduction Spatial-Clustering (DR-SC), that can simultaneously perform dimension reduction and (spatial) clustering within a unified framework. Joint analysis by DR-SC produces accurate (spatial) clustering results and ensures the effective extraction of biologically informative low-dimensional features. DR-SC is applicable to spatial clustering in spatial transcriptomics that characterizes the spatial organization of the tissue by segregating it into multiple tissue structures. Here, DR-SC relies on a latent hidden Markov random field model to encourage the spatial smoothness of the detected spatial cluster boundaries. Underlying DR-SC is an efficient expectation-maximization algorithm based on an iterative conditional mode. As such, DR-SC is scalable to large sample sizes and can optimize the spatial smoothness parameter in a data-driven manner. With comprehensive simulations and real data applications, we show that DR-SC outperforms existing clustering and spatial clustering methods: it extracts more biologically relevant features than conventional dimension reduction methods, improves clustering performance, and offers improved trajectory inference and visualization for downstream trajectory inference analyses.
Lucky IP
Authors: Goold Patrick R , Simon David A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A person naturally owns the fruits of their intellectual labour; so goes the labour argument for intellectual property (IP). But what should happen when a creator gets ‘lucky’—such as the photographer who is in the right place at the right time or the scientist who accidentally discovers a new drug? IP law frequently awards ownership in such cases (what we call ‘Lucky IP’). Some argue, however, that the creators in such cases do not labour sufficiently to deserve ownership, and that Lucky IP merely demonstrates that IP law is not truly concerned about labour at all. Drawing on the philosophical literature of moral luck, we argue that this analysis is misguided. Nearly all intellectual creations involve some measure of luck and, in most cases, the creators still labour sufficiently to become the natural owners of their creations. Lucky IP does not, therefore, undermine the labour theory of IP law.
Ethnic Nationalism and Minority Politics in Nigeria
Authors: Iwilade Akin , Okwechime Iwebunor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter asks in what ways we might conceptualize ethnic identities and politics in Nigeria within an infrastructural frame which views ethnicity as a tool for aggregating and casting shared interests, for facilitating the use of power, and for creating networks of exchange. It offers a broad contemporary history of ethnic nationalism in Nigeria and the ways in which it has influenced the structuring of state power in the country. The chapter argues that ethnic identity is important only so far as it helps to encapsulate positions of power and/or marginality or aids in the shifting around of power, history, and governmentality. The example of the Ijaw as the national ethnic minority and as the dominant ethnic group in the Niger Delta is used to show how ethnic nationalism can be both exclusionary and inclusive and how competition over access to the economy is often implicated in both processes.
Nigeria and the World Wars
Authors: Coates Oliver 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The First and Second World Wars marked a turning point in Nigeria’s history. The unprecedented speed and intensity of social and cultural change in Nigeria during the Second World War were accompanied by military service transformations that saw more Nigerians traveling to Asia, Europe, and the Middle East than ever before. Nigerian elites experienced an intensified engagement with African American politics while soldiers were exposed to Asian cultures. The First World War was marked by significant instability around Nigeria’s northern borders and Eastern Nigerians’ service as carriers in Cameroon and East Africa, often in appalling conditions. Despite these transformations, we will see that substantial continuities mark Nigeria’s experience of both conflicts; racial inequality continued to characterize military service, while veterans of both wars often experienced penury on their return from fighting, and civilians experienced financial hardship and heavy-handed colonial policies.
Architecture, Infrastructure, and the Built Environment in Nigeria
Authors: Falola Toyin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Architectural and infrastructural development engenders the built environment crucial to the day-to-day running of a country. Even more importantly, both are essential to the economic development of a nation. In Nigeria’s case, while the indigenous occupants had conceived their way of living and created their own built environment and local systems, the conquest and subsequent colonization of Nigeria led to the modern improvement of crucial infrastructural developments across the country. The origin, development, and factors of influence of some of these infrastructures are examined in this study. This study briefly examines the precolonial composition of Nigerian infrastructure and the impact of the two major religions, Christianity and Islam, on its architectural designs. In addition to explaining how infrastructural developments in banking, transportation—water, land and rail—electricity, and water supply were developed, the chapter posits that the economic exploitation of Nigeria and the administrative convenience of colonial personnel in Nigeria were the chief underlying motives for these developments, as evidenced by their heavy concentration in certain parts of Nigeria.
Population Disparities in Mental Health
Authors: Chiao Joan Y. , Blizinsky Katherine D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Population disparities in mental health refer to the wide variation in the prevalence of mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders that result from unequal or unfair conditions across racial and ethnic groups. Mental health disparities of ethnic and racial groups suggest challenges and opportunities for research, policy, and action for cures, preventions, and interventions in global mental health. Due to mental health disparities across racial and ethnic groups, it is important to understand how cultural factors affect root causes and mechanisms of MNS disorders. Research in cultural neuroscience aims to investigate the etiology of MNS disorders across racial and ethnic groups. Advances in cultural neuroscience address a key priority for closing the gap in population health disparities. The amelioration of racial and ethnic disparities in mental health reflects the achievement of the goal for improvement of health equity in global mental health.