bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alexander II of Epirus
Authors: Aneziri Sophia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBeing the successor of an important father (Pyrrhos), Alexander II abandoned his father's grandiose plans and limited his power (except for a brief invasion of Macedonia during the Chremonidean war) to Epirus and the neighbouring areas of northwestern Greece. His name appears in one of the edicts of the Buddhist Emperor Asoka, who ruled India in the third centurybce.
Demetrios I Poliorketes (Demetrius Poliorcetes)
Authors: Wheatley Pat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDemetrios Poliorketes, “the Besieger of Cities” (336–282bce), was the son of Antigonos Monophthalmos,“the One‐Eyed.” Although defeated with his father at the battle of Ipsos in 301, he went on to rule Macedon from 294 to 288.
Ruler cult, Greek and Hellenistic
Authors: Aneziri Sophia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe worship of mortals goes back to the hero worship that had been widespread in Greece. During the fourth centurybcewe have the first cases of mortals who were holders of political power and received cultic honors. The phenomenon spread especially after Alexander, whose cult engendered several reactions, both in Macedonian circles and in Greek cities. The Hellenistic kings, who were supposed to have qualities that brought them close to the gods, systematically received cultic honors within and outside their kingdom. Their cult became a useful instrument for the cohesion of the kingdom and for communication with subjects and cities.
Ithome mountain
Authors: Müth Silke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMount Ithome (802 m) is one of the most prominent elevations in the southwestern Peloponnese and, with its important sanctuary of Zeus Ithomatas, played a key role for the Messenians as a stronghold and as a place of identification. With the foundation of the city of Messene in 369bce, Mount Ithome was included in the city's defensive system as a separately fortified citadel.
Asia (Roman Province)
Authors: Mitchell Stephen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Roman province of Asia was founded in 133bce. During the second and third centuriesceit was one of the wealthiest parts of the Roman Empire; it had abundant resources, including extensive agricultural land and marble quarries. There were more than 300 cities, extensive landed estates, and much imperial property. The system of roads and government assizes formed part of an administrative structure that had been created from the start. Taxation was initially contracted to private companies. During the imperial period the province required only a modest military garrison. In the third and fourth centuries Asia was subdivided into smaller provinces.
Interference and double discrepant misinformation: Comment on Blank, Panday, Edwards, Skopicz‐Radkiewicz, Gibson, and Reddy (in press)
Authors: Belli Robert F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBlank, Panday, Edwards, et al. (in press) consider their notable evidence as challenging to interference‐type explanations of the misinformation effect. Despite their evidence, interference‐type explanations are likely to be viable. Source misattribution would provide an effect in the same direction as that observed by Blank et al. Memory impairment remains viable as source misattribution in combination with nonimpairment mechanisms may mask any influence of memory impairment in Blank et al.'s results. Both retrieval and storage‐based impairment mechanisms remain viable. The challenge of Blank et al. is not as great as they imply.
A Skin‐Mountable Hyperthermia Patch Based on Metal Nanofiber Network with High Transparency and Low Resistivity toward Subcutaneous Tumor Treatment
Authors: Wang Qi , Sheng Hongwei , Lv Yurong , Liang Jie , Liu Yan , Li Na , Xie Erqing , Su Qing , Ershad Faheem , Lan Wei , Wang Jing , Yu Cunjiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA wearable hyperthermia device that allows for tumor treatment without interfering with daily activities is of clinical and social significance. However, the wide adaptation of local hyperthermia from such wearable devices in clinical practice has been hindered mainly due to several critical challenges in existing hyperthermia devices, such as the contradiction of high electrical conductivity and high optical transparency of the device while in a thin, deformable format. Here a soft, skin‐mountable, hyperthermia patch (HTP) is reported with unusual optical and electrical characteristics based on unidirectional silver nanofibers (AgNFs) network with low‐voltage operation and uniform heating even under mechanical deformation. The patch presents both high electrical conductivity and highly optical transparency simultaneously thus allowing real time inspection of the subcutaneous tumor treatment and skin response during the treatment. The unidirectional nature of the AgNFs network renders the key features of high optical transparency, low electrical resistivity, excellent electrothermal performances, and mechanical deformability. Effective treatment of subcutaneous tumors in mice is demonstrated with the skin worn HTP while the skin response is visually tracked. Systematic studies reveal the physiological mechanisms of Notch signaling in inducing tumor cell apoptosis.
Augmenting the Precise Targeting of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) and AMP‐Based Drug Delivery via Affinity‐Filtering Strategy
Authors: Tang Kaicheng , Wang Xiaoyou , Niu Miaomiao , Wang Xinyu , Zhou Guanghua , Shi Jinjin , Yu Yang , Chen Zhangbao , Li Chong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have aroused extensive attention due to their low incidences of resistance, yet their clinical transformation is thwarted by inferior selectivity and metabolic stability concerns, manifesting as rapid degradation, off‐target, and non‐selective toxicity. Here, a captivating affinity‐filtering strategy is proposed as a feasible solution for such challenges. Specifically, based on the selective affinity of AMPs toward distinct phospholipids, the membrane of host cells (e.g., erythrocytes) is pre‐bound to AMPs as the “filter,” which could screen out off‐target substances with non‐specific affinity while maintaining effective interaction with high‐affinity pathogens through competitive binding, realizing precise targeting, and enhanced stability. The practicability of the affinity‐filtering strategy has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, through systematic studies on various AMPs and AMPs‐modified delivery systems with multiple fungal infection models (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans), which pose severe threats to human health worldwide yet are often neglected. AMP‐modified nanoparticles with affinity filtering exhibit reduced off‐target toxicity, sufficient binding with target pathogen, as well as a substantially elevated 21‐day survival rate from 30% (conventional drug‐loaded nanoparticles) to 70%. In summary, this strategy may provide inspiration for overcoming off‐target effects in drug targeting and further promote the clinical application of AMPs.
Phenol‐Functionalized Perylene Bisimides as Amine‐Free Electron Transporting Interlayers for Stable Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wen Xinbo , Zhang Yu , Xie Guojing , Rausch Rodger , Tang Ningning , Zheng Nan , Liu Linlin , Würthner Frank , Xie Zengqi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new type of cathode interlayer composed of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐phenol‐functionalized perylene bisimide (PBI‐2P) is successfully applied as an electron transporting layer for fused‐ring nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). The stable contact between these novel electron transporting layers and the representative nonfullerene acceptor Y6 greatly enhances the device stability compared to conventional amine‐group containing cathode interlayers. Moreover, the easily formed biradical species in the interlayers yields rather good thickness tolerance of the PBI‐2P layer in photovoltaic devices. The OSCs based on the PBI‐2P interlayer show a power conversion efficiency up to 17.20% and good stability compared to amino‐group functionalized interlayers. The findings demonstrate a promising design principle for cathode interlayer engineering based on pigment chromophores equipped with the 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenoxy groups that are prone to form the respective ultrastable butylphenoxy radicals for stable nonfullerene OSCs.
Cholesterol Microdomain Enhances the Biofilm Eradication of Antibiotic Liposomes
Authors: Xie Jianjun , Meng Zhiping , Han Xingxing , Li Sipan , Ma Xinai , Chen Xuanyu , Liang Yinmei , Deng Xiaomin , Xia Kexin , Zhang Yue , Zhu Huaxu , Fu Tingming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResistance and tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics is the greatest challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections. Therefore, developing an effective strategy against biofilms is a top priority. Liposomes are widely used as antibiotic drug carriers; however, common liposomes lack affinity for biofilms. Herein, biofilm‐targeted antibiotic liposomes are created by simply adjusting their cholesterol content. The tailored liposomes exhibit significantly enhanced bacterial inhibition and biofilm eradication effects that are positively correlated with the cholesterol content of liposomes. The experiments further demonstrate that this enhanced effect can be ascribed to the effective drug release through the pores, which are formed by the combination of cholesterol microdomains in liposomal lipid bilayers with membrane‐damaged toxins in biofilms. Consequently, liposome encapsulation with a high cholesterol concentration improves noticeably the pharmacodynamics and biocompatibility of antibiotics after pulmonary administration. This work may provide a new direction for the development of antibiofilm formulations that can be widely used for the treatment of infections caused by bacterial biofilms.
High‐Performance Ternary Perovskite–Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Tao , Shen Lening , Xun Sangni , Sarmiento Julio S. , Yang Yongrui , Zheng Luyao , Li Hong , Wang He , Bredas Jean‐Luc , Gong Xiong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPerovskite solar cells in which 2D perovskites are incorporated within a 3D perovskite network exhibit improved stability with respect to purely 3D systems, but lower record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Here, a breakthrough is reported in achieving enhanced PCEs, increased stability, and suppressed photocurrent hysteresis by incorporating n‐type, low‐optical‐gap conjugated organic molecules into 2D:3D mixed perovskite composites. The resulting ternary perovskite–organic composites display extended absorption in the near‐infrared region, improved film morphology, enlarged crystallinity, balanced charge transport, efficient photoinduced charge transfer, and suppressed counter‐ion movement. As a result, the ternary perovskite–organic solar cells exhibit PCEs over 23%, which are among the best PCEs for perovskite solar cells with p–i–n device structure. Moreover, the ternary perovskite–organic solar cells possess dramatically enhanced stability and diminished photocurrent hysteresis. All these results demonstrate that the strategy of exploiting ternary perovskite–organic composite thin films provides a facile way to realize high‐performance perovskite solar cells.
Water‐Durable Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals Passivated with a Cationic Gemini Surfactant
Authors: Saito Norio , Urayama Akihiro , Ikezawa Motoki , Kondo Yukishige 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChemical states of perovskite nanocrystal surfaces are vital to withdraw their intrinsic optoelectronic nature and maintain the colloidal stability. This study reports that the cationic gemini surfactant alkanediyl‐α,ω‐bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) “12‐n‐12” dramatically improved the luminescence properties and chemical stability of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals (CsPbBr3 NCs). Dispersion stability of CsPbBr3 NCs passivated with 12‐n‐12 (n = 3−7) is enhanced with the methylene spacer length, their dynamic light scattering studies ensure that the gemini ligands with more than the pentyl methylene spacer exhibit mono dispersion of NCs. Nuclear magnetic resonance and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy studies reveal that 12‐n‐12 is bound to the surfaces of CsPbBr3 NCs with a density of 0.74−1.06 nm−2 which is less than half the didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) ligand density. Nevertheless, CsPbBr3 NCs with the 12‐n‐12 shell exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield equal to that of DDAB. Furthermore, the 12‐n‐12 shell demonstrates remarkably excellent luminescence stability when the NC solution is exposed to water. Hence, 12‐n‐12 is a promising candidate to substitute the conventional ligands.
Current Detection and Energy Harvesting Integrated Magnetoelectric Sensor with Flexibility and Heat Resistance Based on Polylactide/VB2 Composites and FeCoV
Authors: Yi Na , Ling Xuan , Zhang Qian , Xu Guokai , Hu Xiaoran , Li Bingya , Lin Wei , Xiao Shaoqiu , Xiang Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe highly miniaturized and integrated electronic devices have demanded contactless current sensors with scale miniaturization, structure flexibility, self‐powering and heat resistance. Herein, a novel magnetoelectric current sensor (MCS) based on polylactide/VB2 composites and FeCoV is prepared using in‐situ coating and poling‐free methods. The use of polylactide/VB2 composite makes the MCS self‐powered and heat resistant, and the use of FeCoV makes the MCS highly flexible. The in‐situ coating and poling‐free methods endow the polylactide/VB2 composite and FeCoV good interfacial coupling. As a result, the MCS possesses good linearity over 0.999 and high sensitivity of 0.64 mV/A to the external current, even at a high temperature of 120 °C. Besides, the MCS presents high durability after 200 000 cycles. The MCS with mini size, self‐powering, heat resistance, high flexibility and durability has great potential in safety monitoring of electronic devices fields.
Reactive Jetting of High Viscosity Nanocomposites for Dielectric Elastomer Actuation
Authors: Malas Asish , Saleh Ehab , Giménez‐López Maria del Carmen , Rance Graham A. , Helps Tim , Taghavi Majid , Rossiter Jonathan M. , Tuck Christopher J. , Ashcroft Ian A. , Goodridge Ruth D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe layer‐by‐layer nature of additive manufacturing is well matched to the layer construction of stacked dielectric actuators, with inkjet printing offering a unique opportunity due to its droplet‐on‐demand capability, suitable for multi‐material processing at high resolution. This paper demonstrates the use of high viscosity, multi‐material jetting to deposit two‐part reactive inks with functionalized nanofillers to digitally manufacture dielectric elastomers for soft robots with high precision, and shape manipulation. Graphene‐based fillers, including graphene oxide (GO) and thermally reduced graphene oxides (TRGOs), have been incorporated into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix at low loading (below the percolation threshold). Consequently, the dielectric constant of the elastomer dramatically increases (by 97%) compared to neat PDMS, yielding a more than 20‐fold increase in the electric‐field induced electromechanical contraction (from 0.3 to 6.7%). This study shows that the oxygen‐functionalities present in GO and TRGOs, which possess a moderate conductivity, improve the dispersion of those fillers in polymer matrices, thus significantly improving the dielectric constant of the polymer composites. Inkjet printing of high‐performance, soft electroactive composites enables high‐speed, reliable fabrication of monolithic artificial muscles (leading to stronger, cheaper, and more capable soft robotic devices) and provides a vital stepping stone towards fully additively manufactured soft robots.
Directly Evaluating the Optical Anisotropy of Few‐Layered Black Phosphorus during Ambient Oxidization
Authors: Shen Wanfu , Sun Zhaoyang , Huo Shuchun , Hu Chunguang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFew‐layered black phosphorus (BP) is known to be oxidized easily in the air which causes property degradation. However, the optical anisotropy of oxidized BP is yet to be well determined. Here, the optical anisotropy of the oxidized BP is revealed by continuous measurement of ambient exposed BP flake over a month using azimuth‐dependent reflectance difference microscopy. The isotropic oxidization process is elucidated by both the disappeared optical anisotropy of oxidized residuals and the unchanged crystalline orientation during BP oxidization. Unlike the severe degradation of electrical conductivity for oxidized BP within hours, the optical anisotropy is rather insensitive to the oxidization. The optical anisotropy of a oxidized BP could remain constant even days because of the isotropic optical properties and low coverage of the oxidized species at initial stage. Furthermore, when the oxidization spots grow, forming an effective layer, the oxidization layer modulates the total optical anisotropy via optical interference, which might result in an increased or decreased optical anisotropy compared with the fresh one. These results shed light on the oxidization impact on optical anisotropy and suggest a new method of manipulating optical anisotropy by controlling the degree of oxidization.
All‐Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals with Remarkably Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties Realized by an Alkene‐Free Solvent Strategy and Their Electroluminescence
Authors: Dou Yongjiang , Li Wenqiang , Wang Sheng , Wang Lin , Wu Qianqian , Luo Yun , Li Wei , Zhang Jianfeng , Zhang Jianhua , Yang Xuyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHot‐injection methods are widely used for the synthesis of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs). However, the long‐chain hydrocarbon solvents with alkene groups, such as octadecene (ODE), cannot be removed completely due to the strong van der Waals force between ODE and surface ligands as well as the large difference in the polarity with ethyl acetate, which hinders the charge transport characteristic of PeNCs and thus reduces the performance of PeNC‐based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Herein, an alkene‐free solvent‐assisted strategy is reported to synthesize high‐quality CsPbBr3 PeNCs in toluene and it is found that the alkene‐free solvent can significantly influence the morphology, composition, and optoelectronic properties of PeNCs. Compared to the traditional ODE solvent with alkene groups, toluene endows the higher solubility of precursors, which reduces the growth rate of PeNCs and allows sufficient time for the perovskite crystallization to suppress the bulk defects. Moreover, the similar polarity between toluene and ethyl acetate avoids long‐chain solvent residual on the PeNCs, thereby improving the charge transport characteristics. Making use of these PeNCs prepared with toluene solvent, the resulting PeLEDs present a peak external quantum efficiency of over 15%, 1.5‐fold higher than that of the device based on PeNCs that are prepared in ODE.
Zr‐Containing UiO‐66 Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Highly Selective Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts for the Direct Ketalization of Levulinic Acid
Authors: Rapeyko Anastasia , Rodenas Miguel , Llabrés i Xamena Francesc X. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractZr‐containing UiO‐66 materials are active and reusable heterogeneous catalysts for the selective ketalization of levulinic acid (LA) with 1,2‐propanediol, affording selectivities of up to 91–93% at full LA conversion, with very low levels of ester or ketal–ester byproducts. This allows the preparation of the target ketal directly from LA and avoiding intermediate esterification steps of LA to levulinate esters to minimize the formation of unwanted side products. The catalytic activity of UiO‐66 is found to depend critically on the hydration degree of the solid and the amount of missing linker defects. The most likely active sites for ketalization in (defective) UiO‐66 are Brønsted‐induced acid sites arising from the strong coordination and polarization of H2O molecules onto accessible Zr4+ associated with missing linker defects. A progressive deactivation is observed upon catalytic reuse, which is attributed to adsorbed reaction products poisoning the catalytic sites. These adsorbed products are easily removed by washing the spent catalyst with a dilute 2% HCl ethanolic solution, which completely restores the initial catalytic activity while maintaining the crystallinity of the solid intact.
Extracellular Vesicles Mediate the Intercellular Exchange of Nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Xian , Tang Tang , Wei Yushuang , Cummins Katherine A. , Wood David K. , Pang Hong‐Bo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo exert their therapeutic effects, nanoparticles (NPs) often need to travel into the tissues composed of multilayered cells. Accumulative evidence has revealed the crucial role of transcellular transport route (entry into one cell, exocytosis, and re‐entry into another) in this process. While NP endocytosis and subcellular transport are intensively characterized, the exocytosis and re‐entry steps are poorly understood, which becomes a barrier for NP delivery into complex tissues. Here, the authors term the exocytosis and re‐entry steps together as intercellular exchange. A collagen‐based three‐dimension assay is developed to specifically quantify the intercellular exchange of NPs, and distinguish the contributions of several potential mechanisms. The authors show that NPs can be exocytosed freely or enclosed inside extracellular vesicles (EVs) for re‐entry, while direct cell–cell contact is hardly involved. EVs account for a significant fraction of NP intercellular exchange, and its importance in NP transport is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. While freely released NPs engage with the same receptors for re‐entry, EV‐enclosed ones bypass this dependence. These studies provide an easy and precise system to investigate the intercellular exchange stage of NP delivery, and shed the first light in the importance of EVs in NP transport between cells and into complex tissues.
Irisin Promotes Cardiac Homing of Intravenously Delivered MSCs and Protects against Ischemic Heart Injury
Authors: Yan Wenjun , Chen Youhu , Guo Yongzhen , Xia Yunlong , Li Congye , Du Yunhui , Lin Chen , Xu Xiaoming , Qi Tingting , Fan Miaomiao , Zhang Fuyang , Hu Guangyu , Gao Erhe , Liu Rui , Hai Chunxu , Tao Ling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFew intravenously administered mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) engraft to the injured myocardium, thereby limiting their therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of ischemic heart injury. Here, it is found that irisin pretreatment increases the cardiac homing of adipose tissue‐derived MSCs (ADSCs) administered by single and multiple intravenous injections to mice with MI/R by more than fivefold, which subsequently increases their antiapoptotic, proangiogenic, and antifibrotic effects in rats and mice that underwent MI/R. RNA sequencing, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analysis, and loss‐of‐function studies identified CSF2RB as a cytokine receptor that facilitates the chemotaxis of irisin‐treated ADSCs in the presence of CSF2, a chemokine that is significantly upregulated in the ischemic heart. Cardiac‐specific CSF2 knockdown blocked the cardiac homing and cardioprotection abilities of intravenously injected irisin‐treated ADSCs in mice subjected to MI/R. Moreover, irisin pretreatment reduced the apoptosis of hydrogen peroxide‐induced ADSCs and increased the paracrine proangiogenic effect of ADSCs. ERK1/2‐SOD2, and ERK1/2‐ANGPTL4 are responsible for the antiapoptotic and paracrine angiogenic effects of irisin‐treated ADSCs, respectively. Integrin αV/β5 is identified as the irisin receptor in ADSCs. These results provide compelling evidence that irisin pretreatment can be an effective means to optimize intravenously delivered MSCs as therapy for ischemic heart injury.