bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the link between agricultural patterns and dust storm occurrence in Mesopotamia
Authors: Hashemi Hossein , Abdi Abdulhakim M , Naghibi Amir , Zhao Pengxiang , Brogaard Sara , Haghighi Ali Torabi , Mansourian Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dust storms have been an increasing concern in the Middle East. Severe drought events and human activities, particularly water and land management, have led to emerging dust sources in the last few decades. This study combines spatio-temporal maps of land susceptibility to dust storm incidence with agricultural land use change data to examine the link between farming patterns and dust storm generation in the Tigris and Euphrates Basin from 2000 to 2021. Farmland and bare ground trends depend heavily on water availability, affecting land susceptibility to dust storms. We observed a direct connection between cropping regimes and high land susceptibility to becoming a dust source. Our analysis found no significant correlation between low to intermediate dust storm source (DSS) susceptibility and bare ground trends. However, we found a positive correlation between highly susceptible land and areas where bare ground showed an increasing trend, including the lands that were abandoned for more than 50% of the study period. Among the farming patterns, i.e. single and double cropping, single cropping is more prone to DSS occurrence, underscoring the importance of year-round vegetation cover and effective water management. The disturbed lands, particularly those abandoned post-cropping, show higher susceptibility to DSS incidence. Between 2008 and 2012, dust sources and land susceptibility increased substantially, alongside a significant rise in bare ground, possibly due to severe drought. We highlight cases where changes in farming patterns and land abandonment contribute to the increased or decreased susceptibility of land to being a DSS, as well as consistent susceptibility in the cases where there is no land use change. Given the broad geographical scope of the study, this research underscores the need for further investigation, combining field measurements with remote sensing to obtain a more detailed picture of the link between farming patterns, land abandonment, and dust storms.
To share and not share a singlet: control qubit and nonclassicality in teleportation
Authors: Sen Kornikar , Ajith Adithi , Halder Saronath , Sen Ujjwal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The superposition principle provides us the opportunity to unfold many surprising facts. One such fact leads to the generation of entanglement which may allow one to teleport an unknown quantum state from one location to another. We try to understand the role of superposition in the process of quantum teleportation, as a question of potentially fundamental importance. We consider, within the scenario of quantum teleportation, a set-up where the sender and the receiver are in a superposed situation of using a maximally entangled state and not using any entangled state in the teleportation protocol, controlled by a qubit. We address two distinct protocols: in the first case, the sender and the receiver do nothing when they do not have the authority to use entanglement, while in the second case, they still use classical communication even if they do not use entanglement. After accomplishing the protocols, we operate a Hadamard gate on the control qubit, measure the control qubit’s state, and consider the outcome corresponding to a particular state of the control. We compare the protocol’s fidelity with the maximum fidelity achievable through classical resources only. In particular, we provide conditions to achieve nonclassical fidelity in teleportation, in the presence of the control qubit. To explore if there is any quantum advantage (advantage of superposition present in the control qubit), we compare the fidelities of the control qubit-based protocols with the fidelity achieved in a situation where the two parties are in a classical mixture of using and not using the maximally entangled state. We observe that there exists a wide range of parameters defining the initial state of the control qubit for which our protocols provide quantum advantage. To analyse the role of superposition quantitatively, we discuss whether the amount of quantum advantage can be expressed in terms of quantum coherence present in the state of the control qubit.
Molecular beam epitaxial step-edge growth of integrated hetero-structures: Bi2Te3/multi-stepped Sb2Te3 nanoplate
Authors: Kim Yoonkang , Lee Sangmin , Lee Eunsu , Kim Seongbeom , Suh Wonwoo , Kim Imhwan , Jeon Junyeop , Kim Miyoung , Yi Gyu-Chul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We report the synthesis of multiple Bi2Te3 shells on multi-stepped Sb2Te3 nanoplates using molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) step-edge growth. For the growth of Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 hetero-structures, multi-stepped Sb2Te3 nanoplates with stair-like morphology following layer-by-layer growth mode were obtained by optimizing the growth temperature, and the growth of Bi2Te3 on the step-edges of the Sb2Te3 nanoplates was followed. Width of Bi2Te3 on the Sb2Te3 nanoplates was controlled by changing the growth time. Structural properties of the hetero-structures were investigated using aberration-corrected (Cs-corrected) high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, revealing the interface between Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te3. In-plane epitaxial relation at the interface was confirmed using fast Fourier transforms. Compositional analysis of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 was verified through energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, we performed density functional theory calculations to confirm the preferential growth of Bi2Te3 on the step-edges of Sb2Te3. By forming multi-stepped core structure, it would be feasible to create various integrated hetero-structures.
Effects of permafrost stability changes on vegetation dynamics in the middle part of the Greater Khingan Mountains
Authors: Sun Jiaman , Shan Wei , Zhang Chengcheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Permafrost in the middle section of the Greater Khingan Mountains is highly sensitive to climate change; however, the specific mechanisms by which its degradation affects vegetation dynamics remain unclear. This study utilized vegetation and climate data, along with 30-meter high-resolution frozen soil distribution data from 2003 to 2021, to investigate the impact of changes in frozen soil stability on vegetation dynamics and phenology. Analysis of satellite observations reveals significant changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of permafrost in the area, with the stability of permafrost in low-altitude regions being particularly affected. The area of stable and extremely stable permafrost has significantly decreased, while the area of transitional or unstable permafrost has increased annually, indicating a negative correlation between climate warming and frozen soil stability. The study also identified an overall greening trend in the region, with the proportions of increased normalized vegetation index (Gr-NDVI), advanced start of the growing season (SOS), and delayed end of the growing season (EOS) being 93.84%, 75.12%, and 68.83%, respectively. Ridge regression and partial correlation analyses indicated that frozen soil status, precipitation, and evapotranspiration are the primary factors influencing vegetation dynamics, accounting for 32.90%, 30.45%, and 27.15%, respectively. High-altitude areas are mainly influenced by permafrost stability and precipitation, while mid- and low-altitude areas are predominantly affected by evapotranspiration and precipitation. Vegetation dynamics exhibited spatial heterogeneity; some low-altitude areas maintained high growth vitality despite a shortened growing season, whereas Gr-NDVI decreased in other regions. These research findings underscore the critical role of changes in permafrost stability in shaping vegetation dynamics, which has significant implications for the carbon budget and ecological stability in the context of future climate warming.
Resilience of Sundarban mangroves in South Asia to weather extremes and anthropogenic water pollution
Authors: Chauhan Tejasvi A , Bhadury Punyasloke , Rodda Suraj Reddy , Thumaty Kiran Chand , Jha Chandra Shekhar , Ghosh Subimal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sundarbans in coastal South Asia, the largest contiguous mangrove forest in the world, face an intensifying compound stress of climate extremes and anthropogenically influenced water pollution. However, our knowledge about the responses of mangroves to these perturbations and their recovery mechanism is largely limited. We address this research gap by delineating causal networks between in situ observations of soil-water chemistry, carbon fluxes, and hydro-meteorological variables from Sundarbans mangroves. Our results show that mangroves recover from physiological stresses caused by weather extremes quickly, within one to two weeks, and maintain stable productivity despite steeply declining nutrient composition due to human-induced water pollution. We demonstrate that mangroves maintain this stable productivity by increasing link strength and memory with the hydro-meteorological variables of the region. Our findings highlight the resilience of Sundarbans mangroves in South Asia to natural and anthropogenic perturbations and the importance of estimating thresholds of their critical transitions.
Biomechanical perspectives on traumatic brain injury in the elderly: a comprehensive review
Authors: Abdi Hamed , Sanchez-Molina David , Garcia-Vilana Silvia , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) pose a significant health concern among the elderly population, influenced by age-related physiological changes and the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the biomechanical dimensions of TBIs in this demographic is vital for developing effective preventive strategies and optimizing clinical management. This comprehensive review explores the intricate biomechanics of TBIs in the elderly, integrating medical and aging studies, experimental biomechanics of head tissues, and numerical simulations. Research reveals that global brain atrophy in normal aging occurs at annual rates of −0.2% to −0.5%. In contrast, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis are associated with significantly higher rates of brain atrophy. These variations in atrophy rates underscore the importance of considering differing brain atrophy patterns when evaluating TBIs among the elderly. Experimental studies further demonstrate that age-related changes in the mechanical properties of critical head tissues increase vulnerability to head injuries. Numerical simulations provide insights into the biomechanical response of the aging brain to traumatic events, aiding in injury prediction and preventive strategy development tailored to the elderly. Biomechanical analysis is essential for understanding injury mechanisms and forms the basis for developing effective preventive strategies. By incorporating local atrophy and age-specific impact characteristics into biomechanical models, researchers can create targeted interventions to reduce the risk of head injuries in vulnerable populations. Future research should focus on refining these models and integrating clinical data to better predict outcomes and enhance preventive care. Advancements in this field promise to improve health outcomes and reduce injury risks for the aging population.
Bevel angle effect on the supersonic jet structure of Mach 1.6
Authors: D Mugundhan , Karthigayan Padmashri , Mahadevan Shankar , K Manikandan , Das Rajarshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Suppression of supersonic jet noise can be achieved by geometrical modifications of nozzles which alters the shock structure of the core jet from the nozzle. The paper aims to study the supersonic jet structure of a beveled nozzle exit. Computational and experimental analysis compares the core jet structure of bevel nozzles with 45° and 70° angles with the core jet of base nozzle of design Mach number 1.6 and design Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR) of 4.25. The simulation is done in the ANSYS platform adopting Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes coupled with Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model to capture the shock structures and shear layer. The experiment is conducted using a Supersonic Free Jet Facility and Schlieren flow visualization method. Both analyses are done for a range of expansions from over-expansion to under-expansion by varying the NPRs from 2.25 to 6.25 with an interval of 1 bar. Various parameters like core jet length, first shock cell length, jet deflection angle, and shear layer thickness of the jet from bevel nozzles were compared with the base nozzle jet. The results show that bevel nozzles produce shorter core jet lengths with bevel 70° recording the shortest core jet length. The study infers the bevel nozzles have enhanced mixing characteristics with atmospheric air and reduced shock strength.
Image recognition and intelligent space allocation strategy optimization in interior architectural design
Authors: Hu Yi , Li Rongyao , Liu Zhao , Li Haifei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In current interior architectural design, the application of image recognition technology is not sufficient, and the optimization of intelligent space allocation strategy faces many challenges, such as poor realizability of design scheme, low space utilization efficiency, and low matching degree of users’ actual needs, which need to be solved urgently. Image recognition technology achieves target positioning and feature recognition by labeling pixels in images, providing accurate data support for spatial design. Deep learning-based image recognition models excel in optimizing spatial layouts. In processing 896.47 functional units, the model achieves an accuracy improvement of 368.41%, and spatial allocation efficiency is enhanced by 42.58%. The optimized system shows a substantial performance boost when analyzing 50.78% of spatial samples. After fine-tuning, the algorithm’s processing efficiency increases to 62.3%, with the running time per model reduced to 0.75 s, and recognition accuracy rising to 0.32. These results highlight the model’s effectiveness in spatial layout optimization. Further investigation explores deep learning-driven image recognition techniques, particularly the SqueezeNet model, a compact convolutional neural network that reduces computational load while maintaining high accuracy. Additionally, cluster and similarity analysis lay the groundwork for classifying spatial forms, leading to more systematic and rational space distribution. In optimizing spatial design, the parametric allocation model achieves efficient space utilization through incremental expansion and lattice-based optimization.
Introduction
Authors: Klein Alexander Mugar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides a synoptic overview of James’s accounts of consciousness and action, laying out the guiding questions these accounts were designed to address. The chapter also summarizes and motivates the overall project of Consciousness Is Motor. Klein contends that James conceived of consciousness as a Darwinian adaptation for behavior regulation, a function it purportedly accomplishes by enabling the valuation of objects and actions. James’s ideo-motor theory of action provides a functional model for how a valuating consciousness accomplishes this behavior regulation, on Klein’s reading. Klein likens James’s unique method of blending first- and third-person data to the weaving of warp and weft threads into a tapestry. Generations of readers have been so seduced by James’s colorful weft—his introspective description—that they have failed to understand the way third-person data drawn from animal experimentation and clinical observation structure the overall fabric. The chapter also offers preliminary reflections on terminology often used to characterize experience, today, including “phenomenal consciousness” and “qualia.” The former term fits James’s work only awkwardly, while the latter is a term James himself pioneered.
Biographical & Historical Preliminaries
Authors: Klein Alexander Mugar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
How did William James understand the philosophic and scientific character of his work on mind? This chapter opens with an examination of his vision of a new psychology that would blend philosophy with experimental physiology. Klein pays special attention to the educational and institutional context in which James championed that vision. Section 3 offers an overview of James’s training and early research in experimental physiology. There is a long and misleading tradition of interpreting James as a leading figure in “introspectionist” psychology, a supposed nineteenth-century school that allegedly employed introspection as the sole or most important investigative tool in mental science. There are stronger and weaker versions of this caricature of James, which are introduced in section 4. A strong version portrays Jamesean psychology as aiming at sound introspective description almost exclusively. A weaker version holds that Jamesean psychology aimed to “explain” introspectively-described states, sometimes by appealing to underlying physiological causes. Klein shows that what weak caricaturists have in mind do not match James’s actual views on scientific explanation. In section 5, Klein attacks the idea that there was a larger introspectionist school covering contemporaneous figures like Wilhelm Wundt. In sections 6 and 7, Klein presents and attacks the usual textual sources that are supposed to underwrite the introspectionist caricature of James, in both strong and weak flavors.
Pflüger & Lewes
Authors: Klein Alexander Mugar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines experimental work by Eduard Pflüger, G. H. Lewes, and others that sought to establish sentience and volition in spinal frogs. It situates their work as part of a broader and older dispute tracing back to Descartes over the limits of purely mechanistic (roughly: physio-chemical) explanation in physiology. The chapter outlines Lewes’s vitalist emergentism, which he advanced as a naturalistic alternative to neo-Cartesian mechanisms. Lewes’s experimental work on spinal vertebrates is shown to lend support to this vitalist program. The chapter also offers an initial sketch of the “measurement problem,” which these nineteenth-century experimentalists faced in their work on nonhuman animal consciousness. Many of their experiments relied on third-person accessible, behavioral criteria for determining whether a creature in a given condition is or is not conscious. The measurement problem concerns the inherent difficulty of providing any rational grounds for such criteria. Lewes had a clever argument for overcoming the problem, but the argument is open to fundamental objections.
Measuring Intersectional Solidarity
Authors: Crowder Chaya Y 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 2 fully outlines the development of the intersectional solidarity index. This begins by discussing previous efforts to measure group consciousness and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. In particular, the chapter highlights the way in which previous measures of group consciousness have focused primarily on a single axis of identity like race or class, therefore failing to address the ways in which one’s racial consciousness may influence their gender consciousness and vice versa. Next, the chapter discusses the formation of the intersectional solidarity index, an original measure that draws from measures in social psychology. The chapter ends by discussing the potential origins of intersectional solidarity.
Conclusion
Authors: Crowder Chaya Y 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The book concludes by discussing the contribution of this project to our understanding of the complex role that attention to marginalization at the intersection of race, gender, and sexuality plays in American politics and public opinion. The book ends by offering the Gaza Solidarity Encampment at Columbia University as an opportunity to imagine the possibilities for intersectional politics. Intersectional solidarity provides us with the tools to develop an understanding of types of people that care about disadvantaged subgroups. In turn, intersectional solidarity informs our expectations with regard to how people come to support policies that affect Black women.
Seize the City, Undo the State
Authors: Kudelia Serhiy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This book is the first micro-level study of the armed conflict in Donbas, a region in eastern Ukraine, based on over one hundred interviews with participants and observers. Focusing on the first six months of the conflict, it compares its dynamics in seventeen towns in Donetsk and Luhansk provinces as well as in Kharkiv and Odesa. In its explanation of the start of the conflict, the book bridges the divide between competing accounts which privilege either external or internal drivers. Instead, it shows that the Russian intervention gave an impetus for the war, but local actors created favorable conditions for its success and enabled Russian agents to organize the region’s secession from Ukraine. The book also demonstrates that the region’s residents were far from united in their embrace of the secessionist agenda. In fact, coordinated efforts of civic activists and local elites in some towns prevented their seizure by separatist forces and proved decisive in suppressing separatist challenges in Kharkiv and Odesa. Ultimately, the book argues that successful consolidation of separatist control over individual towns depended on the extent of insurgent coercive capacity, ability to influence town administration, and availability of allies among local elites, law enforcement, and political activists.
Conclusion
Authors: Kudelia Serhiy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The conclusion reviews the main factors that triggered the conflict outbreak and enabled its escalation. While Russia’s intervention through multiple armed agents played a decisive role in launching the separatist takeover of Donbas, other factors helped to bolster this sudden challenge to the central government in Kyiv. They included popular support for a greater autonomy of Donbas, reinforcement of militant coercive capacity through local recruitment, the use of the region’s high urbanization density to exert coercive pressure across towns and cooperative response of municipal elites in legitimizing and maintaining separatist rule. The chapter concludes by explaining how the experience of the conflict’s inception in 2014 might have contributed to Russia’s miscalculations when launching a full-scale war against Ukraine in 2022.
Introduction
Authors: Lal Vinay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A massive industry of scholarship and commentary has developed around the life, thought, and work of Mohandas Gandhi. Yet, as this introduction to the volume argues, we are far from exhausting our understanding of Gandhi, and indeed there are many enigmas that come to the fore when we put him under scrutiny. He could be authoritarian and yet he was a radical democrat in many ways; he was a devout Hindu but was viewed by Christians as a better Christian than any they had ever known; he was entirely ecumenical in his conception of his religion and yet not sympathetic to conversion; and he was astute in his understanding of politics and yet he entirely disavowed political rationality and normal politics. One could go on in this vein, almost ad infinitum. This introduction suggests that we should forgo attempts to make him ‘relevant’, and that it is not ethically or intellectually productive to view him through the lens of ‘diversity’. Rather, it is argued, using the terms associated with the philosopher of religion James Carse, that Gandhi was a player of infinite rather than finite games, and the introduction invites the reader to consider Gandhi’s life as a vision of play and possibility.