bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The immunological profile of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is linked to clinical severity and age
Authors: Vanetti Claudia , Stracuzzi Marta , Lampasona Vito , Fenizia Claudio , Biasin Mara , Saulle Irma , Limanaqi Fiona , Abdelsalam Ahmed , Loretelli Cristian , Paradiso Laura , Longoni Emma , Barcellini Lucia , Piemonti Lorenzo , Marzinotto Ilaria , Dispinseri Stefania , Amendola Antonella , Fappani Clara , Tanzi Elisabetta , Clerici Mario , Scarlatti Gabriella , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , Giacomet Vania , Trabattoni Daria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is clinically less severe in children, even if the large variety and degree of severity of symptoms reported in children pose a still unresolved challenge to clinicians. We performed an in-depth analysis of immunological profiles in 18 hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected children; results were compared to those obtained in 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Patients were categorized as paucisymptomatic/moderate (55.6%) or severe/critical (44.5%), according to established diagnostic criteria, and further stratified into infants (1–12 months, 39%), children (1–12 years, 44%), and adolescents (> 12 years, 17%). We assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific RBD antibodies (Ab), neutralizing antibodies (nAb) and circulating cytokines/chemokines in plasma; SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by gene expression and secretome analyses. Our results disclose peculiar circulating cytokine/chemokine profiles in patients sharing a similar clinical phenotype. A cluster of patients consisted of infants with severe symptoms who presented a hyperinflammatory profile, and extremely polarized antibody profiles, ranging from patients who were negative for Abs and nAbs to those who displayed very high levels of both. In a second cluster consisting of paucisymptomatic patients, a less pronounced increase of inflammatory cytokines along with an association between selected cytokines and humoral responses emerged. A third cluster still consisting of paucisymptomatic patients showed a circulating cytokine/chemokine profile which substantially overlapped with that of HC. SARS-CoV-2-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory proteins (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-17, MIP-1β, and TNF-α), as well as T lymphocytes activation and migration-specific proteins were significantly increased in SARS-CoV-2 infected children compared to HC. Our findings suggest that immune response activation is directly correlated to clinical severity and to a lesser extent to age.
Impact of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Zhu , Yu-Qing Pan , Xiu-Min Jiang , Qing-Xiang Zheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain are associated with pregnancy outcomes. This review aimed to explore pregestational BMI and gestational weight gain and their association with pregnancy complications in Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the prevalence of inappropriate weight gain during pregnancy among them was estimated.
Methods Nine databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, CNKI, Wangfang, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc were searched from inception to March 2022. Outcomes evaluated were macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA), small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, cesarean section (CS), and gestational hypertension (GH). Two researchers independently assessed the eligibility and quality of included studies and extracted data. Fixed and random effect models were used to pool the results. I2 index was used to assess the statistical heterogeneity. All analyses were performed using Stata software.
Results 13,831 potential studies were identified, and 19 studies remain after removing duplicate and unrelated articles. Pregestational obesity and excess gestational weight gain are association with a higher risk of macrosomia (OR=2.83[2.13 to 3.77]; OR=2.13[1.92 to 2.38]), LGA (OR=3.38[2.71 to 4.23]; OR=2.15[1.82 to 2.53]), CS (OR=2.46[2.04 to 2.98]; OR=1.38[1.41 to 1.66]), and GH (OR=4.42[1.72 to 11.34]; OR=2.20[1.71 to 2.82]). Pregestational underweight and insufficient gestational weight gain are related to a higher risk of SGA (OR=1.90[1.63 to 2.22]; OR=1.34[1.22 to 1.48]) and LBW (OR=2.48[1.41 to 4.36]; OR=1.89[1.38 to 2.60]). As to preterm birth, the conclusion remains unclear. The prevalence of excess and below the weight gain recommendations of the Institute of Medicine is up to 35.5% and 27.3%. Gestational diabetes may have a potential synergistic effect with inappropriate weight changes, which needs to be further explored. Conclusion Weight management before and during pregnancy is crucial for all women including Chinese women with gestational diabetes.
Iranian Scorpion (Odontobuthus bidentatus) Venom Induces Apoptosis in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line (HepG2) in 3D Cell Culture
Authors: keshavarz hani , Zargan Jamil , Bidmeshkipour Ali , Heydari Ahmad , Kamran Mohamad Reza , Hajinoormohammadi Ashkan , Zamani Ehsan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:Scorpion venom has anticancer properties and induces apoptosis in mammalian cells considered as an anticancer agent. Generally, the 3D cell models characteristically and architecturally mimicked by the natural tumors, which are a suitable system for investigating cytotoxic and apoptotic induction effects of scorpion venom on cancer cells. In this study, the cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction effects ofOdontobuthus bidentatusscorpion venom on HepG2 cells in 3D cell culture investigated.Methods and Results:To create a 3D cell culture, HepG2 cells encapsulated using alginate hydrogel. Then, the cytotoxicity effect of scorpion venom investigated using MTT and neutral red uptake assays. Changes in the redox potential of HepG2 cells evaluated by determination of accumulated NO in cell culture media, glutathione (GSH) levels, and catalase activity. To determine apoptosis induction in the cells treated with scorpion venom, alkaline comet, caspase-3 enzyme activity and cytochrome c release assays exploited and the expression of pro-apoptotic geneBAXand anti-apoptotic geneBCL-2 evaluated using RT-PCR. The results of MTT and neutral red uptake assays showed thatO. bidentatusvenom has cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells in 3D cell culture. The concentration of NO released to culture media was increased, but the amount of reduced glutathione and catalase were decreased dose-dependently in 3D culture. The results of caspase-3 enzyme activity, cytochrome c release assay, comet assay, andBax/Bcl-2genes expression ratio confirmed that theO. bidentatusscorpion venom induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway.Conclusions:Overall, the results showed that the scorpion venom induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells in 3D culture and thus could be a potential therapeutic option for further research in the treatment of HCC.
Possible chiral spin liquid state in the S = 1/2 kagome Heisenberg model
Authors: Sun Rong-Yang , Jin Hui-Ke , Tu Hong-Hao , Zhou Yi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The nature of the ground state for the S = 1/2 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHAF) has been elusive. We revisit this challenging problem and provide numerical evidence that its ground state might be a chiral spin liquid. Combining the density matrix renormalization group method and analytical analyses, we demonstrate that the previously observed chiral spin liquid phase in the KHAF with longer-range couplings is stable in a broader region. We characterize the nature of the ground state by computing energy derivatives, revealing ground-state degeneracy arising from spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry, and targeting the semion sector. We further investigate the phase diagram in the vicinity of the KHAF and observe a √3 × √3 magnetically ordered phase and two valence-bond crystal phases.
Applications of Multi Criteria Decision Techniques and Nature based algorithm to identify the Coastal Vulnerability Index based on Performance, Uncertainty and Reliability of Coastal Surrounding Systems
Authors: Saha Satyabrata , Majumder Mrinmoy , Pal Manish 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Coastal management systems are mainly constitute different subcomponents. The performance of the Coastal surrounding system depends on the performance of these subcomponents. But as pet the previous related studies no attempt was made in identification of the optimal ratio of subcomponent contributions to ensure maximum productivity. Again, there is a lack of scientific endeavors in relation to the determination of the priority of the components in ensuing the coastal vulnerability in coastal management system. The present study will try to identify the priority and optimal ration of contribution required from the components of a Coastal Vulnerability of Coastal Surrounding system. In this regard the advantages of Multi Criteria Decision Making and nature-based algorithms were used and once identified the outcome was validated by a physical model. According to the results of Potential Hydraulic Energy from Wave (PE) and Distance of sea from Coast of a coastal management system most effective for total output. The benefit of adopting this procedure is it approximate the solution not only based on technical aspect but also considering the economic aspect. The results were validated in physical model and concluded that the results has yielded feasible value and the procedure can maximize the performance and minimize the cost requirement to produce a design ensuing maximum productivity. This study also depicts the capacity of Failure Mode Effect Analysis based Multi Criteria Decision Making techniques for the first time which may increase the objectivity and analyticity of an investigation.
The Implementation Of A New Optimization Method For Multi-Reservoir And Single Reservoir systems
Authors: Moghani Abbas , Karami Hojat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This research tries to find the best operation strategies for a reservoir system with the Flow Direction Algorithm (FDA), which was recently introduced. This study evaluates the implementation of the Flow Direction Algorithm (FDA), for the first time, for optimizing the hydropower operation of the Karun-4 reservoir in Iran for 106 months (from October 2010 to July 2019) and for the multi-reservoir systems for 12 months. Multi-Reservoir systems which are hypothetical 4 and 10-reservoir systems are studied to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithms. The results are compared to those of the three most commonly used evolutionary algorithms, namely the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO), the Weed Algorithm (WA), and the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The multi-reservoir results indicated that the absolute optimal solution was 308.292 in the FRBS and 1194.441 in the TRBS, and according to these results, FDA outperformed three other algorithms. In the Karun-4 reservoir, the best approach was chosen with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, and according to the results, the FDA outperformed PSO, WA, and GA. The reliability percentage for FDA, PSO, WA, and GA was 95%, 86%, 78%, and 64%, respectively. The average optimal objective function value generated by FDA was 0.138, compared with PSO, WA, and GA, with the values of 0.322, 0.631, and 1.112, respectively, being better. The hydropower produced by FDA was more than three other algorithms in less time, with the lowest coefficient of variation value, which demonstrates the power of the FDA.
Screening intention of MTs-DNA test for Colorectal Cancer screening and associated factors among hospital-based populations in southeastern China
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Fan Jinqing , Zhao Wangfang , Lu Qiwen , Gu Jundi , Lv Lebin , Gao Hanlu , Ye Guoliang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Multi-target stool DNA (MT-sDNA) test can reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality as a simple, noninvasive screening method. It is crucial to understand people's willingness to accept and willingness to pay for MT-sDNA test for CRC screening.
Methods
A hospital-based study was conducted in the affiliated hospital of medical school of Ningbo University in southeastern China between June 2021 to March 2022. Individuals aged ≥ 40 years from outpatient department, endoscopy center and inpatient department were included. All participants completed a questionnaire to collect detailed information by a face-to-face interview. Characteristics of individuals were described using frequency and percentage. Group comparisons were performed with chi-square test for categorical variable. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the associations of social-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, CRC risk and medical history with screening intention.
Results
Of the 977 participants who completed the interview, 85.06% were willing to accept MTs-DNA test for CRC screening, 82.29% were willing to pay for it. Individuals came from non outpatient source (OR = 3.16, 95% CI: 2.14, 4.68), with moderate risk of CRC (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.52) were more likely to accept MTs-DNA test for CRC screening. Those came from non outpatient source (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.79, 3.67), with moderate risk of CRC (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.91), with history of polypectomy (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.31, 3.68) and with middle/high school education and graduated from college or above (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.46, OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.27, 5.60, respectively) were more willing to pay for MTs-DNA test for CRC screening.
Conclusion
The present study found that individuals from non outpatient source, with moderate risk of CRC, with higher education and history of polypectomy were more likely to accept MTs-DNA test or pay for it. It is worth noting that individuals with high risk of CRC were less likely to accept MTs-DNA test and pay for it. Health education interventions should be developed to emphasise the significance of screening and introduce the simple, noninvasive MT-sDNA test to the public, especially those with above characteristics.
Simultaneous emergence of active turbulence and odd viscosity in a colloidal chiral active system
Authors: Mecke Joscha , Gao Yongxiang , Ramírez-Medina Carlos , Aarts Dirk , Gompper Gerhard , Ripoll Marisol 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The simultaneous emergence of active turbulence and odd viscosity for a colloidal rotors system is here shown. Rod-like colloidal particles with a ferromagnetic head and magnetic moment perpendicular to the rod axis, precess vertically to the substrate under an externally rotating field. The colloid rotation drags the adjacent fluid inducing the translation of neighbouring colloids, behaviour which is also captured by hydrodynamic simulations of discs rotating in sync. Experiments and simulations reveal that multi-scale eddies emerge with an energy spectrum following a power-law decay: this feature of self-similar dynamics without the emergence of a dominant vortex size is characteristic of active turbulence. Moreover, the particles are dragged to the center of the vortices, a telltale sign of systems with odd viscosity, which is explicitly measured. Our findings are relevant for the understanding of biological systems and for the design of microrobots with collective self-organized behavior.
Neonatal Antibiotic Exposure and the Risk of Childhood Obesity in South Bronx Pediatric Population
Authors: Awujoola Adeola , Torga Ana , Avades Meriam , Prince Olaseni , Ankola Pratibha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Currently, 1 in 3 children in the United States is diagnosed as overweight or obese. The intestinal microbiome is associated with the development of early-onset obesity and chronic inflammatory diseases. Alteration of the gut microbiome through antibiotic exposure has been implicated in weight gain in animal models. However, research on similar effects in humans remained inconclusive, and studies during the critical neonatal period are sparse.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the association between neonatal antibiotic exposure and the risk of childhood obesity and to evaluate the difference in effect based on the duration of antibiotic exposure.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study entailed a chart review for neonates born between 2011 to 2015 and followed up until five years of age in a community hospital in South Bronx, New York. BMI percentile at five years of age and other characteristics were compared between the antibiotic-exposed and unexposed groups. Premature infants (less than 34 weeks) and those with congenital syndromes affecting growth were excluded from the study. A Chi-square test was conducted on categorical variables and a student's T-test for normally distributed continuous variables. Significant variables (p-value less than 0.05) in bivariate analysis were modeled in a stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis to ascertain independent predictors of obesity at five years of age.
RESULTS
Of the 1447 subjects, 749 (52%) received ampicillin and gentamicin, and 333 (23%) were obese. Male-to-female distribution was similar. Neonates exposed to the antibiotics were more likely to be obese compared to unexposed (26% versus 20%, p-value of 0.01). Following adjustments for early feeding practices, childhood atopy, birth weight, maternal hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and ethnicity, this association persisted (aOR: 1.37, p-value 0.018). There is no significant difference in weight outcome among children who received antibiotics for less than or equal to 72 hours and greater than 72 hours (26.7% versus 23.2%, respectively with a p-value of 0.31).
CONCLUSION
Neonatal antibiotic exposure is independently associated with early childhood obesity, indicating that antibiotic exposure may play a significant role in the weight trajectory of these children. Hence, antibiotic stewardship in this period cannot be over-emphasized. Given the high incidence of childhood obesity among our cohort (23%) compared to the national average of 13.4% among children 2–5 years of age, augmenting current efforts at reducing traditional obesity risk factors with judicious antibiotic use will reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity and the attendant cardiovascular comorbidity.
Comparison of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion versus Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion in the treatment of Localized Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Tangyiheng , Wang Yujie , Zhou Hong , Lin Cheng , Zhao Xingyi , Wang Genlin , Li Xuefeng , Chu Genglei , Jiang Weimin , Liu Yijie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The retrospective study was conducted to compare the efficacy of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) for localized ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) by evaluating clinical and radiologic outcomes.
Methods: We reviewed 151 patients to assess the effects of treatment for localized OPLL. Perioperative parameters, such as blood loss, operation time and complications, were recorded. Radiologic outcomes, such as the occupying ratio (OR), fusion status,cervical lordosis angle, segmental angle, disc space height,T1 slope, and C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), were assessed. Clinical indices, such as the JOA scores and VAS scores, were investigated to compare the two surgical options.
Results: There were no significant differences in the JOA scores or VAS scores between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time, volume of blood loss and incidence of dysphagia were significantly less in the ACDF group than in the ACCF group(P<0.05). In addition, cervical lordosis, segmental angle and disc space height were significantly different from their preoperative evaluations. Both groups had significantly improved T1 slopes. Moreover, C2–C7 SVA was significantly increased at the last follow-up. No adjacent segment degenerated in the ACDF group. The degeneration of the ACCF group was 4.1%. The incidence of CSF leaks was 7.8% in the ACDF group and 13.5% in the ACCF group. All the patients ultimately achieved successful fusion.
Conclusion: Although both options achieved satisfactory primary clinical and radiographic efficacies, ACDF was associated with a shorter surgical procedure, less volume of intraoperativeblood loss, better radiologic outcomes and lower incidenceof dysphagia than ACCF.
Impact of the Massachusetts Menthol Ban on Perceptions and Cigarette Use Behavior at a Large Safety-net Hospital: A Longitudinal Survey and Qualitative Study
Authors: Booras Anna , Wiener Renda Soylemez , Maccarone Jennifer , Stokes Andrew C. , Fetterman Jessica L , Hamburg Naomi M. , Singh Johar , Bulekova Katia , Kathuria Hasmeena 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background. Menthol cigarettes have had a profound adverse effect on public health. On June 1 2020, Massachusetts became the first state to restrict the sale of all flavored tobacco products, including menthol cigarettes. In this longitudinal study, we sought to understand how individuals in our hospital system who smoke menthol cigarettes perceived the Massachusetts menthol ban and if their perceptions and smoking behavior changed over time.
Methods. We undertook a longitudinal survey and qualitative study (n=27), starting 1-month pre-ban (4/15-5/31/2020) and continuing 6-months post-ban. Pre-ban questionnaires assessed participants’ perceptions of the ban and probed their anticipated smoking behaviors after the ban. The post-ban assessments (1- and 6- months) probed how perceptions and smoking behaviors changed post-ban. We also elicited suggestions to mitigate unintended consequences of the ban that might undermine intended policy effects.
Results. Participants were 37% female, 56% Black, and 96% Medicaid-insured. Perceptions of how individuals viewed the ban were dynamic. Many discussed how they smoked less because of the ban, although their smoking behavior was largely influenced by their ability to still obtain menthol cigarettes. Individuals suggested promoting tobacco treatment interventions to help people affected by the ban and a national ban to circumvent out-of-state travel.
Conclusions. Banning the sale of menthol cigarettes improves smoking-related health disparities. To be most effective, healthcare workers must capitalize on this moment to promote tobacco treatment and states must ensure that tobacco treatment programs are readily accessible to individuals affected by the ban.