bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Far‐Field Parallel Direct Writing of Sub‐Diffraction‐Limit Metallic Nanowires by Spatially Modulated Femtosecond Vector Beam
Authors: Zhao Liang , Huang Lingyu , Huang Jiaxu , Xu Kang , Wang Min , Xu Shaolin , Wang Xinwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetallic nanowires have exhibited paramount importance in achieving functional electrical, electrochemical, and optical performances due to their unique physicochemical properties. Efficient fabrication of the nanowires with controllable geometry and line width is highly required in related applications. Here a new far‐field laser parallel direct writing approach for fabricating nanowire array far beyond the diffraction limit by a modulated vector beam with dual‐peak intensity distribution is reported. Such a modulated beam can perform selective laser ablation to fabricate nanowires, whose line width can be largely reduced by tuning the dual‐peak orientation relative to the laser scanning direction. As a demonstration, a 157 nm‐wide (less than λ/3) gold nanowire, reaching ≈1/20 of the diffraction limit, has been fabricated in far field by using a low numerical aperture microscope objective (NA = 0.1). The nanowire fabrication efficiency is also largely improved by applying multifocal modulated vector beams for parallel processing.
Wafer‐Scale 2H‐MoS2 Monolayer for High Surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering Performance: Charge‐Transfer Coupled with Molecule Resonance
Authors: An Keyu , Chen Mingpeng , He Bingchen , Ai Haoqiang , Wang Wei , Zhang Zhihong , Pan Zhongbin , Chen Shi , Ip Weng Fai , Lo Kin Ho , Chai Jianwei , Wang Shijie , Yang Ming , Wang Shuangpeng , Pan Hui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a novel and efficient analytic technique to probe molecules has attracted tremendous attention. Semiconducting substrates have been widely investigated for their applications into SERS because of their easy integration with electronic devices. In this work, a wafer‐scale semiconducting MoS2 monolayer (2H‐MoS2‐ML) without additional treatment is used as the SERS substrate, which shows the naturally formed MoS2 ML has excellent chemical stability, high uniformity, and high sensitivity. It is found that the detection concentration limit can reach 1 × 10−8 m and the enhancement factor is about 4.5 × 106 for the rhodamine 6G (R6G) under a 532 nm excitation laser, which is the highest SERS performance observed on 2H‐MoS2‐ML up to now. The experimental and computational studies reveal that the photo‐enhanced charge transfer coupled with molecule resonance contribute to remarkable SERS. In addition to R6G, 2H‐MoS2‐ML shows good SERS signals on the detection of amaranth and crystal violet too. The findings not only provide an insightful understanding of the mechanism for the improved SERS performance of semiconducting transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) MLs, but are helpful for the design of novel SERS substrates. It is expected that the wafer‐scale TMDs may find practical applications in SERS.
Critical Optimization of Phosphorus Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Metal‐Free Solar Hydrogen Production and Simultaneous Organic Transformation
Authors: Kar Subhajit , Bishwal Lopamudra , Kommula Bramhaiah , Bhattacharyya Santanu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractComplete metal‐free P‐functionalized carbon nanomaterials are synthesized from a single molecular precursor, phytic acid, for photocatalytic solar H2 production and simultaneous organic transformation of 4‐methyl benzyl alcohol to 4‐methyl benzaldehyde by managing the complete redox cycle. It is observed that by increasing the carbonization time, P‐functionalized amorphous carbon dots convert to the highly defined 2D sheet‐like nanostructure with optimum P‐functionality, resulting in efficient light absorption, charge separation, and improved active sites for photocatalysis. Finally, the highly defined sheet‐like structure converts to a more defected aggregated form, resulting in the depletion of photocatalytic efficiency. The structural and elemental features are further correlated with the ongoing photophysics by means of steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Transient photocurrent responses and Mott‐Schottky plots directly support the optimization of P‐functionalized carbon nanostructure for efficient photocatalysis. Finally, the detailed computational studies are carried out to unveil the charge separation mechanism and the crucial role of P‐functionalities as active sites for better charge accumulation as well as H2O adsorption on the surface. Overall, the in‐depth structure–property correlation and critical optimization of the heteroatom functionalized carbon nanomaterials will open up new possibilities for further development of metal‐free photocatalysts for solar‐energy conversion devices.
Recent Advances in Luminescent Downconversion: New Materials, Techniques, and Applications in Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Dechao , Yu Ting , Lin Hui , Zhuang Songlin , Zhang Dawei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNumerous investigations have been done in pursuing phosphors with quantum yield (QY) greater than unity in terms of downconversion (DC) strategies, as well as applications in display, lighting, and particularly in novel solar cells with efficiency exceeding the Shockley–Queisser limit (≈30%). It is of significant interest that: i) DC of one high‐energy photon to two or more low‐energy photons is widely found in lanthanide and/or transition‐metal ions activated materials; ii) broadening of absorption spanning ultraviolet/blue range is achieved by introducing sensitizers with spin‐allowed transitions and especially by combining the advancing perovskite quantum dots, nanostructures, and organic dye molecules; iii) internal QY ≫ 1 and even measured QY > 1 are claimed in many near‐infrared (NIR) DC systems; iv) applications of downconverting layer atop commercial solar cells are performed to increase the photon conversion efficiency. In this review, the development of DC in theories, concepts, and experiments is first summarized, then the breakthrough in visible‐DC is briefly highlighted, NIR‐DC with latest progresses in models, materials, techniques as well as the corresponding optimizations and practices as effective downconverting layers is elaborated, and finally concluding remarks and perspectives in advancing NIR‐DC and applications in novel solar cells are given.
Nanoscale Optical Imaging of 2D Semiconductor Stacking Orders by Exciton‐Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Yao Kaiyuan , Zhang Shuai , Yanev Emanuil , McCreary Kathleen , Chuang Hsun‐Jen , Rosenberger Matthew R. , Darlington Thomas , Krayev Andrey , Jonker Berend T. , Hone James C. , Basov D.N. , Schuck P. James 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSecond harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical response arising exclusively from broken inversion symmetry in the electric‐dipole limit. Recently, SHG has attracted widespread interest as a versatile and noninvasive tool for characterization of crystal symmetry and emerging ferroic or topological orders in quantum materials. However, conventional far‐field optics is unable to probe local symmetry at the deep subwavelength scale. Here, near‐field SHG imaging of 2D semiconductors and heterostructures with the spatial resolution down to 20 nm is demonstrated using a scattering‐type nano‐optical apparatus. It is shown that near‐field SHG efficiency is greatly enhanced by excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides. Furthermore, by correlating nonlinear and linear scattering‐type nano‐imaging, nanoscale variations of interlayer stacking order in bilayer WSe2are resolved, and the stacking‐tuned excitonic light–matter interactions are revealed. This work demonstrates nonlinear optical interrogation of crystal symmetry and structure–property relationships at the nanometer length scales relevant to emerging properties in quantum materials.
LINC01431 Promotes Histone H4R3 Methylation to Impede HBV Covalently Closed Circular DNA Transcription by Stabilizing PRMT1
Authors: Sun Yang , Teng Yan , Wang Liyuan , Zhang Zhaoying , Chen ChaoJia , Wang Yingchun , Zhang Xiaodong , Xiang Peng , Song Xiaojia , Lu Jinghui , Li Nailin , Gao Lifen , Liang Xiaohong , Xia Yuchen , Wu Zhuanchang , Ma Chunhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCovalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the transcriptional template of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which interacts with both host and viral proteins to form minichromosome in the nucleus and is resistant to antiviral agents. Identification of host factors involved in cccDNA transcriptional regulation is expected to prove a new venue for HBV therapy. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in mediating the interaction of host factors with various viruses, however, lncRNAs that HBV targets and represses cccDNA transcription have not been fully elucidated. Here, the authors identified LINC01431 as a novel host restriction factor for HBV transcription. Mechanically, LINC01431 competitively bound with type I protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT1) to block the HBx‐mediated PRMT1 ubiquitination and degradation. Consequently, LINC01431 increased the occupancy of PRMT1 on cccDNA, leading to enhanced H4R3me2a modification and reduced acetylation of cccDNA‐bound histones, thereby repressing cccDNA transcription. In turn, to facilitate viral replication, HBV transcriptionally repressed LINC01431 expression by HBx‐mediated repression of transcription factor Zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2). Collectively, the study demonstrates LINC01431 as a novel epigenetic regulator of cccDNA minichromosome and highlights a feedback loop of HBx‐LINC01431‐PRMT1 in HBV replication, which provides potential therapeutic targets for HBV treatment.
Biomimetic Nanocarriers Guide Extracellular ATP Homeostasis to Remodel Energy Metabolism for Activating Innate and Adaptive Immunity System
Authors: Wu Long , Xie Wei , Li Yang , Ni Qiankun , Timashev Peter , Lyu Meng , Xia Ligang , Zhang Yuan , Liu Lingrong , Yuan Yufeng , Liang Xing‐Jie , Zhang Qiqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetabolic interventions via targeting intratumoral dysregulated metabolism pathways have shown promise in reinvigorating antitumor immunity. However, approved small molecule immunomodulators often suffer from ineffective response rates and severe off‐target toxicity. ATP occupies a crucial role in energy metabolism of components that form the tumor microenvironment (TME) and influences cancer immunosurveillance. Here, a nanocarrier‐assisted immunometabolic therapy strategy that targets the ATP‐adenosine axis for metabolic reprogramming of TME is reported. An ecto‐enzyme (CD39) antagonist POM1 and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist metformin are both encapsulated into cancer cell‐derived exosomes and used as nanocarriers for tumor targeting delivery. This method increases the level of pro‐inflammatory extracellular ATP (eATP) while preventing the accumulation of immunosuppressive adenosine and alleviating hypoxia. Elevated eATP triggers the activation of P2X7‐NLRP3‐inflammasome to drive macrophage pyroptosis, potentiates the maturation and antigen capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) to enhance the cytotoxic function of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. As a result, synergistic antitumor immune responses are initiated to suppress tumor progress, inhibit tumor distant metastases, provide long‐term immune memory that offers protection against tumor recurrence and overcome anti‐PD1 resistance. Overall, this study provides an innovative strategy to advance eATP‐driven antitumor immunity in cancer therapy.
Prediction of Energy Storage Performance in Polymer Composites Using High‐Throughput Stochastic Breakdown Simulation and Machine Learning
Authors: Yue Dong , Feng Yu , Liu Xiao‐Xu , Yin Jing‐Hua , Zhang Wen‐Chao , Guo Hai , Su Bo , Lei Qing‐Quan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolymer dielectric capacitors are widely utilized in pulse power devices owing to their high power density. Because of the low dielectric constants of pure polymers, inorganic fillers are needed to improve their properties. The size and dielectric properties of fillers will affect the dielectric breakdown of polymer‐based composites. However, the effect of fillers on breakdown strength cannot be completely obtained through experiments alone. In this paper, three of the most important variables affecting the breakdown strength of polymer‐based composites are considered: the filler dielectric constants, filler sizes, and filler contents. High‐throughput stochastic breakdown simulation is performed on 504 groups of data, and the simulation results are used as the machine learning database to obtain the breakdown strength prediction of polymer‐based composites. Combined with the classical dielectric prediction formula, the energy storage density prediction of polymer‐based composites is obtained. The accuracy of the prediction is verified by the directional experiments, including dielectric constant and breakdown strength. This work provides insight into the design and fabrication of polymer‐based composites with high energy density for capacitive energy storage applications.
Polyglutamic Acid‐Based Elastic and Tough Adhesive Patch Promotes Tissue Regeneration through In Situ Macrophage Modulation
Authors: Zhu Qiuwen , Hong Yi , Huang Yuxuan , Zhang Yi , Xie Chang , Liang Renjie , Li Chenglin , Zhang Tao , Wu Hongwei , Ye Jinchun , Zhang Xianzhu , Zhang Shufang , Zou Xiaohui , Ouyang Hongwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdhesive patches are advanced but challenging alternatives to suture, especially in treating fragile internal organs. So far there is no suture‐free adhesive patch based on metabolizable poly(amino acid) materials with excellent mechanical strength as well as immunomodulation functionality. Here, a polyglutamic acid‐based elastic and tough adhesive patch modified by photosensitive groups on the surface to achieve robust light‐activated adhesion and sealing of flexible internal organs is explored. With the porous internal morphology and excellent biodegradability, the patches promote regeneration through a macrophage‐regulating microenvironment. Treated rabbits achieve rapid full‐thickness gastric regeneration with complete functional structure within 14 d, suggesting its robust tissue adhesion and repair‐promoting ability.
High‐Performance Dielectric Elastomer Nanogenerator for Efficient Energy Harvesting and Sensing via Alternative Current Method
Authors: Xu Zisheng , Bao Kunwei , Di Kui , Chen Haojie , Tan Jianbo , Xie Xinjun , Shao Yixin , Cai Jiancheng , Lin Shizhe , Cheng Tinghai , E Shiju , Liu Kang , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSoft, low‐cost, high‐performance generators are highly desirable for harvesting ambient low frequency mechanical energy. Here, a dielectric elastomer nanogenerator (DENG) is reported, which consists of a dielectric elastomer capacitor, an electret electrostatic voltage source, and a charge pump circuit. Under biaxial stretching, DENG can convert tensile mechanical energy into electrical power without any external power supply. Different from traditional DEG with the charge outward transfer in direct current (DC), the DENG works based on shuttle movement of internal charges in an alternating current (AC). Through alternating current (AC) method, the charge density of the DENG can reach 26 mC m−2per mechanical cycle, as well as energy density of up to 140 mJ g−1. Due to the all‐solid‐state structure without air gap, the DENG is capable of working stably under different ambient humidity (20 RH%–100 RH%). To demonstrate the applications, a water wave harvester based on the DENG is constructed. The integrated device powers a sensing communication module for self‐powered remote weather monitoring, showing the potential application in ocean wave energy harvesting.
Farmers employ diverse cover crop management strategies to meet soil health goals
Authors: Bowman Maria , Poley Kristin , McFarland Elyssa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCover crops (CCs) were used on only ∼5% of harvested cropland in the United States in 2017. Lack of information about effective CC management and the costs and benefits of CCs may contribute to low adoption. We use CC management data from 112 farms in the Soil Health Partnership network (2015–2021) to characterize CC management practices and costs. Soil Health Partnership farmers spent a median of US$98.84 per hectare to plant CCs on trial fields in the 2021 crop year, and costs varied with management practices. Farmers also experimented with CC management practices; more than half of 100 farmers providing panel data used more than one seeding method, and the share “planting green” increased over time. This diversity of CC management practices, heterogeneity in costs (and benefits), and experimentation process—among other factors—may make it challenging for farmers to develop expectations about whether CCs will be profitable on their farm in the short, medium, or long‐run.
Elastomer–Alginate Interface for High‐Power and High‐Energy Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Liu Qun , Wang Yu , Hong Xiaodan , Zhou Rui , Hou Zhen , Zhang Biao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpontaneous corrosion and uncontrolled dendrite accumulation of Zn rapidly degrades zinc–metal battery performance. Artificial interfaces have been widely fabricated on Zn metal anodes, yet most interfaces are detrimental to ion transfer and adapt poorly to spatial changes during Zn plating/stripping. Herein, a hybrid interface, consisting of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fiber matrix and Zn‐alginate (ZA) filler, is designed, which serves as a physical barrier between anode and electrolyte to inhibit side reactions. Encouragingly, ZA regulates Zn2+ transport and endows uniform Zn deposition by inducing plating/stripping underneath the hybrid interface. At the same time, the TPU frame acts as a super‐elastic constraint to further suppress rampant dendrite evolution and accommodate a large amount of deposited Zn. Consequently, the interface‐protected Zn anode delivers high cycling stability (1200 h at 5 mA cm–2/5 mA h cm–2; 500 h at 10 mA cm–2/10 mA h cm–2), realizing an exceptional cumulative capacity of over 6000 mA h cm–2. This enhancement is well maintained in the full cell when coupled with a vanadium‐based cathode. The unique matrix‐filler architecture and mechanistic insights unraveled in this study are expected to provide a general principle in designing functional interfaces for metal anodes.
Agroecological and South American leaf blight escape zones for rubber cultivation in Colombia
Authors: Correa‑Pinilla Diana Elisa , Gutiérrez‑Vanegas Albert Julesmar , Gil‑Restrepo Juan Pablo , Martínez‐Atencia Judith , Córdoba‑Gaona Oscar de Jesús 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn agriculture, agroclimatic zoning procedures through geographic information systems provide producers, technical assistants, decision‐makers, and investors with land‐use planning and decision‐making tools. This study aims at identifying and delimiting areas suitable for the cultivation of rubber [Hevea brasiliensis Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.] in Colombia, using the species requirements at a scale of 1:100,000, as well as identifying escape zones for the South American leaf blight (SALB) disease (caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora ulei). The study was carried out following the agroecological zoning methodology for the definition of land use proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Spatial analysis tools were used to raster data with ArcGIS Desktop 10.7, incorporating and evaluating climatic and soil variables. The obtained results showed that there are 5,480,543 ha suitable for cultivating natural rubber in Colombia. However, these areas present favorable climatic conditions for the development of the SALB.
Maximizing spring wheat productivity in the eastern Canadian Prairies II. Grain nitrogen, grain protein, and nitrogen use
Authors: Mangin Amy , Brûlé‐Babel Anita , Flaten Don , Wiersma Jochum , Lawley Yvonne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe marketability of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) across the Canadian prairies is largely dependent on grain protein content. New high‐yielding cultivars require a large investment in fertilizer N to achieve milling quality standards. When high rates of N fertilizer are applied, N use efficiencies tend to decrease, lowering returns on investment. The objectives of this study were to identify patterns of N use for spring wheat cultivars and how they are influenced by agronomic management practices. Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Manitoba, Canada, to evaluate N uptake timing, N remobilization from vegetative tissue and the resulting grain N yield and protein content. Three spring wheat cultivars were evaluated using five N fertilizer treatments with and without an application of a plant growth regulator (PGR). When high N rates were applied, average N use efficiency, for grain N production, was 60%. On average 21–36% of N uptake occurred after anthesis and this portion was highly dependent on late‐season precipitation. Targeting increases in early season N accumulation and grain‐fill remobilization, to produce optimal grain N levels, may be used to managing risk associated with unknown precipitation during the growing season. Cultivars tested produced similar grain N levels through fundamentally different N use patterns, indicating that there may be opportunity for breeding programs to target N use patterns that best fit environmental conditions of the Canadian prairies to maximize grain N production.
Investigation of phosphoric acid and water transport in the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells using a multiphase model
Authors: Sun Mu , Huang Jicai , Xia Zhangxun , Wang Suli , Sun Gongquan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA three‐dimensional, nonisothermal, and multiphase model of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells is built to investigate water and phosphoric acid transportation, in which a spherical agglomerate model considering catalyst layer structure and liquid saturation is applied to determine the electrochemical kinetics in the cathode catalyst layer. Experimental polarization curve, water proportion in the anode outlet gas, and phosphoric acid distribution are selected for validation. It is found that the simulated results can represent the experimental data with reasonable accuracy. Based on the model, the effects of current density and stoichiometry on the variable distributions are analyzed. The results show that water in anode is mainly from cathode by concentration diffusion of liquid water, and the proportion of anode outlet water to the total produced water decreases slightly with the increase of current density. A higher current density leads to a greater electromigration of phosphoric acid from cathode to anode and a higher liquid phase fraction in anode, while a lower phosphoric acid concentration in the fuel cells.
Modified COSMO‐UNIFAC model for ionic liquid–CO2 systems and molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Zhu Ruisong , Gui Chengmin , Li Guoxuan , Lei Zhigang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new predictive molecular thermodynamic model (i.e., modified COSMO‐SAC‐UNIFAC) was first proposed and extended to predict the solubility of CO2 in pure and mixed ionic liquids (ILs) at the temperatures down to 263.2 K. It is interesting to discover that with equimolar amounts, the solubility of CO2 in such 1:1 IL pairs, that is, [A1][B1] + [A2][B2] and [A1][B2] + [A2][B1], was consistent at the same temperature and pressure in the case of exchanging their respective cations and anions. The molecular dynamic (MD) simulation for CO2 + mixed ILs was performed to deeply analyze and explain this intriguing phenomenon. Not only the CO2 gas drying experiment with the ILs ([C2mim][OAc], [C2mim][dca], and [C2mim][OAc] + [C2mim][dca]) as absorbents but also the corresponding process simulation and optimization were made to stress the effectiveness and applicability of the new thermodynamic model. Thus, this work ranges from molecular level to systematic scale.