bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial urinary sphincter in congenital neuropathic bladder: Very long‐term outcomes
Authors: Delgado‐Miguel Carlos , Muñoz‐Serrano Antonio , Amesty Virginia , Rivas Susana , Lobato Roberto , Martínez‐Urrutia María J , López‐Pereira Pedro 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveArtificial urinary sphincter has been used to treat urinary incontinence in children with neuropathic bladder, although there are few studies reporting very long‐term results. We assess our experience over the last 27 years in the management of artificial urinary sphincter.MethodsA retrospective study was performed in patients with neuropathic bladder in whom an artificial urinary sphincter was placed in our institution between 1994 and 2020. Demographic variables, pre‐ and post‐artificial urinary sphincter implantation urodynamic studies, long‐term outcomes, and postoperative complications were collected.ResultsAn artificial urinary sphincter was implanted in 71 patients (median age 14.5; interquartile range 12.8–15.9), with a median follow‐up time of 17.2 years (interquartile range 9.8–23.9 years). Thirty‐nine patients underwent enterocystoplasty combined with artificial urinary sphincter placement and 32 underwent artificial urinary sphincter implantation alone, of whom 12 patients (16.9%) eventually required an enterocystoplasty because of unexpected bladder behavior changes, usually within 3 years of artificial urinary sphincter implantation. Adequate urinary continence was reported in 90.1% of patients, nine void their bladders spontaneously, and 62 need clean intermittent catheterization. Eighteen mechanical malfunctions occurred in 15 patients (21.1%), with an average artificial urinary sphincter working life of 15.1 ± 1.3 years. In five patients artificial urinary sphincter was removed due to infection or erosion. In 12 patients (30.8%), a continent catheterizable stoma was made (before or during the follow‐up) because of problems with clean intermittent catheterization through the urethra.ConclusionThe very long‐term results of this study demonstrate that artificial urinary sphincter is an effective treatment for urinary incontinence in neuropathic bladder patients. Long‐term follow‐up is important to identify potential unexpected changes in bladder behavior in these patients.
Efficient credit portfolios under IFRS 9
Authors: Brito Rui Pedro , Júdice Pedro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we devise a forward‐looking methodology to determine efficient credit portfolios under the IFRS 9 framework. We define and implement a credit loss model based on prospective point‐in‐time probabilities of default. We determine these probabilities of default and the credits' stage allocation through a credit stochastic simulation. This simulation is based on the estimation of transition matrices. Using data from 1981 to 2019, in a non‐homogeneous Markov chain setting, we estimate transition matrices conditional on the global real gross domestic product growth. This allows considering the effects of the economic cycle, which are of great importance in bank management. Finally, we develop a robust optimization model that allows the bank manager to analyze the trade‐off between the annual average portfolio income and the corresponding portfolio volatility. According to the proposed bi‐objective model, we compute the efficient credit portfolios constructed based on 10‐year maturity credits. We compare their structure to those generated by the IAS 39 and CECL accounting frameworks. The results indicate that the IFRS 9 and CECL frameworks generate efficient credit portfolios whose structure penalizes riskier‐rated credits. In turn, the riskier efficient credit portfolios under the IAS 39 framework concentrate entirely on speculative‐grade credits. This pattern is also encountered in efficient credit portfolios constructed based on credits with different maturities, namely 5 and 15 years. Moreover, the longer the maturity of the credits that enter into the composition of the efficient portfolios, the more the speculative‐grade credits tend to be penalized.
The selection of an optimal segmentation region in physiological signals
Authors: Oliveira Jorge , Carvalho Margarida , Nogueira Diogo , Coimbra Miguel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhysiological signals are often corrupted by noisy sources. Usually, artificial intelligence algorithms analyze the whole signal, regardless of its varying quality. Instead, experienced cardiologists search for a high‐quality signal segment, where more accurate conclusions can be draw. We propose a methodology that simultaneously selects the optimal processing region of a physiological signal and determines its decoding into a state sequence of physiologically meaningful events. Our approach comprises two phases. First, the training of a neural network that then enables the estimation of the state probability distribution of a signal sample. Second, the use of the neural network output within an integer program. The latter models the problem of finding a time window by maximizing a likelihood function defined by the user. Our method was tested and validated in two types of signals, the phonocardiogram and the electrocardiogram. In phonocardiogram and electrocardiogram segmentation tasks, the system's sensitivity increased on average from 95.1% to 97.5% and from 78.9% to 83.8%, respectively, when compared to standard approaches found in the literature.
Rotational flexural strength of cylindrical brittle specimens
Authors: Wereszczak Andrew A. , Steiner Emily F. , Jadaan Osama M. , Wiles Randy H. , Kuwik Brett S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConventional static flexural strength testing of brittle cylindrical rods only subjects a small fraction of the entire specimen's area or volume to the maximum tensile stress. Thus, a nonconservative measured strength likely results since most flaws on the surface or in the bulk are not subjected to a sufficiently high tensile stress that can cause fracture. To mitigate this, a rotational flexural tester and corresponding test method were developed whereby rotation and monotonically increasing three‐point flexure were superimposed to investigate fracture response of solid glass cylinders. This combination of rotation and flexure subjects more area and volume of a cylindrical test specimen to tensile stress than a standard static (nonrotating) flexural test. As anticipated, failure stresses were lower for the rotational flexural test. Expressions for effective area and volume are provided for rotating solid rods and tubes subjected to three‐point, four‐point, uniform, and uniformly distributed load bending configurations.
Principal element design of garnets to access structure stability and excellent microwave dielectric properties
Authors: Mei Hongrong , Zhang Liangbin , Chen Feilong , Wang Zhiguo , Rao Zhenggang , Li Chunchun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGuided by the tolerance factor and average electronegativity difference, two stable garnets with compositions Ca3BTiGe3O12 (B = Mg, Zn) were designed, synthesized followed by structural, and dielectric characterization. The phase purity and structural characteristics were analyzed using X‐ray, Rietveld refinement, and microstructural analysis through scanning electron microscopy. A cubic structure with an Ia‐3d space group was confirmed for synthesized compositions. A combination of microwave dielectric properties for both garnets suggested that Ca3MgTiGe3O12 ceramic possessed a much higher quality factor (Q × f) ∼ 84 000 ± 3000 GHz coupled by a higher dielectric constant (εr) ∼ 12.97 ± 0.03, and a smaller temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (τf) ∼ −29.4 ± 1.5 ppm/°C compared to its Zn counterpart (Q × f ∼ 45 000 ± 2000 GHz, εr ∼ 12.84 ± 0.03, and τf ∼ −33.19 ± 1.6 ppm/°C). Such differences in dielectric performances were further explored utilizing packing fraction, ion polarizability, bond valence, Raman, and infrared spectrum to understand structure–property relationship.
Rapid radiation of Southern Ocean shags in response to receding sea ice
Authors: Rawlence Nicolas J. , Salis Alexander T. , Spencer Hamish G. , Waters Jonathan M. , Scarsbrook Lachie , Mitchell Kieren J. , Phillips Richard A. , Calderón Luciano , Cook Timothée R. , Bost Charles‐André , Dutoit Ludovic , King Tania M. , Masello Juan F. , Nupen Lisa J. , Quillfeldt Petra , Ratcliffe Norman , Ryan Peter G. , Till Charlotte E. , Kennedy Martyn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimUnderstanding how natural populations respond to climatic shifts is a fundamental goal of biological research in a fast‐changing world. The Southern Ocean represents a fascinating system for assessing large‐scale climate‐driven biological change, as it contains extremely isolated island groups within a predominantly westerly, circumpolar wind and current system. Blue‐eyed shags represent a paradoxical seabird radiation—a circumpolar distribution implies strong dispersal capacity yet their species‐rich nature suggests local adaptation and isolation. Here we attempt to resolve this paradox in light of the history of repeated cycles of climate change in the Southern Ocean.LocationSouthern Ocean.Taxa16 species and subspecies of blue‐eyed shags (Phalacrocoracidae; Leucocarbo spp.).MethodsWe use mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data from individuals across the geographical range of the genus to conduct the first comprehensive, time‐calibrated phylogenetic analyses and ancestral‐range biogeographical reconstructions of the blue‐eyed shags.ResultsThe origins of many island‐endemic lineages are remarkably recent, consistent with a recent high‐latitude circumpolar radiation in the Pliocene or Early Pleistocene. This recent sub‐Antarctic expansion contrasts with significantly deeper lineages detected in South America and, to a lesser extent, New Zealand. These regions, particularly South America, acted as glacial refugia and sources for multiple waves of post‐glacial dispersal.Main conclusionsThe blue‐eyed shag paradox is resolved, with at least two waves of dispersal, linked to interglacial cycles, explaining the current distribution and diversity. Descendants of a Pliocene or Early Pleistocene wave of dispersal out of South America survive in the New Zealand region. In contrast, taxa distributed on sub‐Antarctic islands originated much later, possibly since the Last Glacial Maximum. Blue‐eyed shags therefore represent a powerful model system—comprising several natural replicates—for studying the early stages of founder‐event speciation and adaptation in a Southern‐Ocean bird group.
Luck versus Skill in the Cross Section of Mutual Fund Returns: Reexamining the Evidence
Authors: HARVEY CAMPBELL R. , LIU YAN 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWhile Kosowski et al. (2006, Journal of Finance 61, 2551–2595) and Fama and French (2010, Journal of Finance 65, 1915–1947) both evaluate whether mutual funds outperform, their conclusions are very different. We reconcile their findings. We show that the Fama‐French method suffers from an undersampling problem that leads to a failure to reject the null hypothesis of zero alpha, even when some funds generate economically large risk‐adjusted returns. In contrast, Kosowski et al. substantially overreject the null hypothesis, even when all funds have a zero alpha. We present a novel bootstrapping approach that should be useful to future researchers choosing between the two approaches.
Seasonal variation of vasopressin and its relevance for the winter peak of cardiometabolic disease: A pooled analysis of five cohorts
Authors: Enhörning Sofia , Melander Olle , Engström Gunnar , Elmståhl Sölve , Lind Lars , Nilsson Peter M. , Pihlsgård Mats , Timpka Simon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundVasopressin concentration is typically higher at night, during stress, and in males, but readily lowered by water intake. Vasopressin is also a causal candidate for cardiometabolic disease, which shows seasonal variation.ObjectiveTo study whether vasopressin concentration varies by season in a temperate climate.MethodsThe vasopressin surrogate marker copeptin was analyzed in fasting plasma samples from five population‐based cohorts in Malmö, Sweden (n = 25,907, 50.4% women, age 18–86 years). We investigated seasonal variation of copeptin concentration and adjusted for confounders in sinusoidal models.ResultsThe predicted median copeptin level was 5.81 pmol/L (7.18 pmol/L for men and 4.44 pmol/L for women). Copeptin exhibited a distinct seasonal pattern with a peak in winter (mid‐February to mid‐March) and nadir in late summer (mid‐August to mid‐September). The adjusted absolute seasonal variation in median copeptin was 0.62 pmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50; 0.74, 0.98 pmol/L [95% CI 0.73; 1.23] for men and 0.46 pmol/L [95% CI 0.33; 0.59] for women). The adjusted relative seasonal variation in mean log copeptin z‐score was 0.20 (95% CI 0.17; 0.24, 0.18 [95% CI 0.14; 0.23] in men and 0.24 [95% CI 0.19; 0.29] in women). The observed seasonal variation of copeptin corresponded to a risk increase of 4% for incident diabetes mellitus and 2% for incident coronary artery disease.ConclusionThe seasonal variation of the vasopressin marker copeptin corresponds to increased disease risk and mirrors the known variation in cardiometabolic status across the year. Moderately increased water intake might mitigate the winter peak of cardiometabolic disease.
A Digital Technique to Manage Restoration of Severely Tilted Adjacent Implants: A Dental Technique
Authors: Hu Liqun , Sa Yue 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImplant placement in close proximity with adverse angulations may result in difficulty with impression making. With the lock surface function provided by intraoral scanning software programs, severely tilted adjacent implants can be digitized one by one without interfering with the accuracy of the digital cast. This article presents a straightforward digital impression technique for severely mesiodistally tilted adjacent implants in a clinical case.
Divine Fate Moral and the Best of All Possible Worlds: Origen’s Apokatastasis Panton in Cambridge Origenism and Enlightenment Rationalism
Authors: Hengstermann Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn his account of his Düsseldorf conversations with G.E. Lessing shortly before the latter’s death in 1781, F.H. Jacobi records the Enlightenment poet and philosopher’s allusion to the Kabbalistic philosophy of Henry More, whom he cited in support of his shocking Spinozist creed of the hen kai pan. Origen’s first Christian philosophy hinges upon a conviction of universal divine goodness which cannot but share its riches with beings capable of participating in it by virtue of their own free will. From this first Christian truth flow the infamous doctrines of the pre‐existence of souls and, above all, the restitution of all things envisaged as a never‐ending process of autonomous moral soul‐making. Origen’s philosophy of divine goodness and human freedom appealed deeply to the Cambridge Platonists Ralph Cudworth and Henry More, who cited the Church Father in support of their metaphysics of God’s benignity and man’s free will. German rationalist G.W. Leibniz was also a close reader of Cudworth and More. Both his Theodicy and his Monadology—notably the notion of a best possible world created by a good God and inhabited by self‐improving spiritual monads—are indebted to the Church Father’s Christian philosophy. G.E. Lessing, reviewing the controversial discussions about the apokatastasis in his day, staunchly defended Leibniz’s Origenist rationalism in several works devoted to his philosophical eschatology. Above all, he restated Origen’s notion of salvation as divine pedagogy in his celebrated Education of the Human Race. The present essay establishes the deeply Origenist character of the historic systems of these two seminal German rationalists, with their shared concern for God’s creative goodness and man’s free perfectibility.
Ethylene‐responsive factor ERF114 mediates fungal pathogen effector PevD1‐induced disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Ze , Zhang Yi , Ren Jie , Jia Fenglian , Zeng Hongmei , Li Guangyue , Yang Xiufen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAPETALA2/ethylene‐responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family transcription factors are well‐documented in plant responses to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses, but their roles in mediating elicitor‐induced disease resistance remains largely unexplored. PevD1 is a Verticillium dahliae secretory effector that can induce disease resistance in cotton and tobacco plants. In our previous work, Nicotiana benthamiana ERF114 (NbERF114) was identified in a screen of genes differentially expressed in response to PevD1 infiltration. Here, we found that the ortholog of NbERF114 in Arabidopsis thaliana (ERF114) also strongly responded to PevD1 treatment and transcripts were induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 infection. Loss of ERF114 function caused impaired disease resistance, while overexpressing ERF114 (OE‐ERF114) enhanced resistance to Pst DC3000. Moreover, ERF114 mediated PevD1‐induced disease resistance. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that the transcript level of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase1 (PAL1) and its downstream genes were significantly suppressed in erf114 mutants compared with A. thaliana Col‐0. Reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) analysis further confirmed that the PAL1 mRNA level was significantly elevated in overexpressing OE‐ERF114 plants but reduced in erf114 mutants compared with Col‐0. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐qPCR (ChIP‐qPCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay verified that ERF114 directly bound to the promoter of PAL1. The gene expression profiles of ERF114 and PAL1 in oestradiol‐inducible transgenic plants confirmed ERF114 could activate PAL1 transcriptional expression. Further investigation revealed that ERF114 positively modulated PevD1‐induced lignin and salicylic acid accumulation, probably by activating PAL1 transcription.
Role of inflammation in pediatric irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Di Nardo Giovanni , Cremon Cesare , Staiano Annamaria , Stanghellini Vincenzo , Borrelli Osvaldo , Strisciuglio Caterina , Romano Claudio , Mallardo Saverio , Scarpato Elena , Marasco Giovanni , Salvatore Silvia , Zenzeri Letizia , Felici Enrico , Pensabene Licia , Sestito Simona , Francavilla Ruggiero , Quitadamo Paolo , Baldassarre Mariella , Giorgio Valentina , Tambucci Renato , Ziparo Chiara , Parisi Pasquale , Barbaro Maria Raffaella , Barbara Giovanni ,   Neurogastroenterology Study Group of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology, Nutrition (SIGENP)
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIBS affects a large number of children throughout the world and is thought to be the result of disturbed neuroimmune function along with the brain–gut axis. Although the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are not clear, the role of low‐grade inflammation and mucosal immune activation in IBS symptom generation has become evident also in subsets of pediatric patients. Animal models provided meaningful insight in the causal relationship between abnormal mucosal immune activation and changes in gastrointestinal (GI) sensory‐motor function. Likewise, the development of long‐standing GI symptoms fulfilling the current criteria for functional GI disorders after infection gastroenteritis and in patients with IBD or celiac disease in remission further supports this hypothesis. Immune activation, its impact on gut sensory‐motor function, and potential implications for symptom generation emerged in both children and adults with IBS.PurposeThe aim of this review is to summarize the main evidence on the presence of low‐grade inflammation and immune activation in children with IBS, its possible role in symptom generation, and its potential implication for new therapeutic strategies.
Quantification of gastric emptying with magnetic resonance imaging in healthy volunteers: A systematic review
Authors: Bertoli Davide , Steinkohl Emily , Mark Esben Bolvig , Brock Christina , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Frøkjær Jens Brøndum 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols have been used to assess gastric emptying (GE) with MRI. This systematic review summarizes the current literature on the topic. The aim was to provide an overview of the available imaging protocols and underline the items that appear most agreed upon and those that deserve further investigation.MethodsAccording to PRISMA guidelines, two independent reviewers conducted a systematic literature search with a pre‐specified strategy in different databases. Peer‐reviewed articles that utilized MRI techniques to assess GE in healthy volunteers (HVs) were included. The quality and the outcomes of the studies were reported and analyzed.Key ResultsThe literature search yielded 30 studies (531 HVs, weighted mean age 27.4, weighted mean body mass index 23.0 kg/m2), T2‐weighted sequences, balanced turbo field echo, and balanced gradient echo were evenly utilized, with volunteers in the supine position (74% of the studies). After overnight fasting, both liquid (56%) and mixed (44%) meals were equally utilized. Segmentation of the volumes was predominantly performed manually (63%) with a reported mean T50 ranging from 7 to 330 min.Conclusions & InferencesAs observed in this systematic review, MRI is a flexible tool for assessing GE. Different protocols were analyzed, showing an equal capacity to assess the GE. However, many items in these protocols still require further investigation to obtain a common standard and increase this assessment quality.
Heart rate variability in patients with anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cheng Ying‐Chih , Su Min‐I , Liu Cheng‐Wei , Huang Yu‐Chen , Huang Wei‐Lieh 
Published: March 2022

AimsPatients with anxiety disorders (AD) have been found to have lower heart rate variability (HRV) than healthy individuals in some studies, but this was inconsistent. Furthermore, the influence of distinct diagnoses, study design, and demographic factors on the results was not comprehensively examined.MethodsWe gathered studies comparing HRV in patients with AD and in healthy controls. The parasympathetic activity in the hierarchical order principle was adopted in the main analysis. We adopted the random effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference.ResultsOf the 7805 screened studies, 99 were included in the quantitative analysis, with a total of 4897 AD patients and 5559 controls finally entered the meta‐analysis. AD patients had a significantly lower resting‐state HRV for parasympathetic activity compared to control (Hedges' g = −0.3897). For the diagnostic subgroup analysis relative to the controls, resting‐state HRV was significantly lower in post‐traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder patients. HRV reactivity (all reactivity data, data on physiological challenge, and psychological challenge) did not show significant inter‐group differences between AD patients and healthy subjects.ConclusionsThe results supported that patients with AD had significantly lower resting‐state HRV than the healthy population, but no alterations were found for HRV reactivity.