bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed Tomography Coronary Angiogram; updates Regarding Evidence, Clinical Applications, and Emerging Technologies: A Literature of Review
Authors: Alfawaz Mohammed , Alfawaz Dalal , Alfawaz Fawaz A. 
Published: March 2022

Assessing of the coronary artery disease (CAD) especially coronary stenosis by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has shown a classic shift in the last decades. Recent advancements in cardiac CT have improved the quality of image and decreased exposure of patients to radiation. CCTA is a noninvasive technique for visualizing the anatomy of CAD. CCTA, in combination with newer techniques like plaque characterization, physiologic and functional evaluation, leads to accurate diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of any low to intermediate subjects for prevention.
Evidence strongly recommends the use of CCTA all over the stages of CAD, early from detecting of minute subclinical diseases up to the estimation of acute chest pain. Furthermore, CCTA can be used to noninvasively quantify plaque burden and identify high-risk plaque, which can help with diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This is especially important in the evaluation of CAD in immune-driven conditions with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease.
Furthermore, key findings from large cohort trials have contributed to a better understanding of cardiovascular disease risk as a function of overall coronary plaque burden and the morphological appearance of individual plaques. With the introduction of CT-derived fractional flow reserve, an anatomical and functional test will be established within a single modality. Recent research has been published that looks at the short-term impact of CT-derived fractional flow reserve on downstream care and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, machine learning is a concept that is increasingly being applied to diagnostic medicine. Emerging CCTA applications based on hemodynamic indices and plaque characterization may provide personalized risk assessment, influence disease detection, and guide therapy further.
This review provides an update on the evidence, clinical applications, and emerging technologies related to CCTA. We also discuss how CCTA could be used to characterize coronary atherosclerosis, stratify asymptomatic subjects' prognosis, and guide medical therapy.
Role of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI)/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and Hydrocortisone in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Asad Faisal , Sahito Abdul Aziz , Moin Madiha , Ikhlaq Urwah , Ubedullah . , Rahman Fasih Ur 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The purpose of study was to assess the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and hydrocortisone in patients with COVID-19 and their outcome during hospitalization.
Materials and Methods: A clinical comparative prospective hospital-based study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonology & Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Dow University of Medical & Health Sciences, Karachi in patients positive for COVID-19 infection during their hospitalization. A comparative analysis was performed between two groups, i) those who received an injection of hydrocortisone and ii) those who received oral ACEi/ARB. All the baselines and clinical variables were recorded in a structured questionnaire and the data were evaluated in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. A p-value of <0.05 is considered statistically significant.
Results: The final analysis was performed on 130 patients among them 68 patients received an injection of hydrocortisone and 62 patients received the tablet ACEi/ARB, which ever indicated. Patients who need injection hydrocortisone were older than patients who received ACEi/ARB, 58.37±15.20 and 51.01±90.22. Patients who received injection hydrocortisone were more likely to receive mechanical ventilation support as compared to other groups, 11.7% vs. 4.8%, respectively, p-value 0.02. The overall mortality rate was 10% (n = 13) in both groups in which a higher number of deaths was observed in patients who were taking ACEi/ARB as compared to patients who were receiving injection hydrocortisone, 12.9% vs. 7.3%, respectively, but it had an insignificant association, p-value 0.17.
Conclusion: We have observed in our study that patients who received an injection of hydrocortisone had lower rates of mortality irrespective of their gender and age while patients who received ACEi/ARB during hospitalization had lower complications rate but higher mortality rates.
Statin as a Risk Factor for Cataract in Cases of Antioxidant Gene Polymorphism in Pakistani Population
Authors: Mahmood Atif , Aziz Qamer , Nangrejo Ruqaya , Siddiqui Iftikhar Ahmed , Soomro Mohammad Saleh , Aziz Iffat Ara 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Cataract is main cause of reversible blindness and visual impairment. Risk factors include anti-hyperlipidemic drugs such as statin. However, the mechanism of statins as a risk factor for cataracts is not clear. The antioxidant effect of statin is reported in some studies while other studies showed negative results. This study was conducted to understand the association of cataract in statin users with antioxidant gene abnormalities.
Objective: To investigate the risk factor of statin in the formation of cataracts in the Pakistani population.
Methods: This was a multi-centric case-control study in Karachi, Pakistan between September 2019 and 2020. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at rs2070424 locus for superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene, at rs1050450 for glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and rs7943316 locus for catalase (CAT), were examined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using high resolution melting curve (HRM) technique in 250 cataract patients.
Results: The risk ratio with statin was seen and found that it was 1.5 times increased in SOD1 gene mutations, the statin benefit was 1.2 times reduced in GPX gene mutation and ratio was 1.1 in the CAT gene mutations.
Conclusion: Statin is a risk factor for cataracts in those patients who have mutated antioxidant genes. The risk ratio of cataracts was found to be increased in the mutated genes of patients compared with non-mutated ones. This study proved the effect of statin as a risk factor associated with antioxidant genes in the development of cataracts in the Pakistani population.
A Case Report on Sphenoidal Sinusitis with Brain Abscess in a 16 Year Old
Authors: Arthanareeswaran S. , Nithya R. , Gayathri M. , Jose Merlin , Monica B. , Muthuselvi R. 
Published: March 2022

A pyogenic infection-induced brain abscess is rare, and usually affects immunocompromised people. Brain imaging and bacterial culture from the infection site are used to diagnose a brain abscess. An effective treatment method is surgical resection combined with antibiotic treatment with bacteria-sensitive antibiotics for a sufficient period of time.
Presentation of the Case: A 16-year-old boy was confirmed to have Sphenoidal Sinusitis. The patient had been diagnosed with dengue fever three weeks ago and corona infection four months ago. And finally, he was diagnosed with Sphenoidal Sinusitis which manifested as severe headache, vomiting, and fever. He underwent bilateral Functional Endoscopy Sinus Surgery (FESS), sphenoidotomy and also temporal craniotomy and evacuation of abscess.
Conclusion: The treatment of a brain abscess requires early diagnosis, appropriate surgical treatment, and adequate duration of therapy with effective antibiotics.
End to end comparison of surface‐guided imaging versus stereoscopic X‐rays for the SRS treatment of multiple metastases with a single isocenter using 3D anthropomorphic gel phantoms
Authors: Bry Victoria , Saenz Daniel , Pappas Evangelos , Kalaitzakis Georgios , Papanikolaou Nikos , Rasmussen Karl 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionTwo end‐to‐end tests evaluate the accuracy of a surface‐guided radiation therapy (SGRT) system (CRAD Catalyst HD) for position verification in comparison to a stereoscopic x‐ray imaging system (Brainlab Exactrac ) for single‐isocenter, multiple metastases stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using 3D polymer gel inserts.Materials and methodsA 3D‐printed phantom (Prime phantom, RTsafe PC, Athens, Greece) with two separate cylindrical polymer gel inserts were immobilized in open‐face masks and treated with a single isocentric, multitarget SRS plan. Planning was done in Brainlab (Elements) to treat five metastatic lesions in one fraction, and initial setup was done using cone beam computed tomography. Positional verification was done using orthogonal X‐ray imaging (Brainlab Exactrac) and/or a surface imaging system (CRAD Catalyst HD, Uppsala, Sweden), and shift discrepancies were recorded for each couch angle. Forty‐two hours after irradiation, the gel phantom was scanned in a 1.5 Tesla MRI, and images were fused with the patient computed tomography data/structure set for further analysis of spatial dose distribution.ResultsDiscrepancies between the CRAD Catalyst HD system and Brainlab Exactrac were <1 mm in the translational direction and <0.5° in the angular direction at noncoplanar couch angles. Dose parameters (DMean%, D95%) and 3D gamma index passing rates were evaluated for both setup modalities for each planned target volume (PTV) at a variety of thresholds: 3%/2 mm (Exactrac≥93.1% and CRAD ≥87.2%), 5%/2 mm (Exactrac≥95.6% and CRAD ≥94.6%), and 5%/1 mm (Exactrac≥81.8% and CRAD ≥83.7%).ConclusionDose metrics for a setup with surface imaging was found to be consistent with setup using x‐ray imaging, demonstrating high accuracy and reproducibility for treatment delivery. Results indicate the feasibility of using surface imaging for position verification at noncoplanar couch angles for single‐isocenter, multiple‐target SRS using end‐to‐end quality assurance (QA) testing with 3D polymer gel dosimetry.
Area‐Selective Atomic Layer Deposition Using Vapor Dosing of Short‐Chain Alkanethiol Inhibitors on Metal/Dielectric Surfaces
Authors: Lee Jeongbin , Lee Jeong‐Min , Ahn Ji‐Hoon , Park Tae Joo , Kim Woo‐Hee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArea‐selective atomic layer deposition (AS‐ALD) has enormous potential for selective formation of thin films in a bottom‐up additive fashion on predefined areas. Despite significant efforts in a number of AS‐ALD processes using bulky self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) with long alkyl chains as inhibitor molecules on non‐growth areas, there is increasing interest in achieving selective deposition compatible with complex 3D structures with smaller technology nodes in the semiconductor industry. In this work, a process is introduced that allows selective deposition with short‐chain alkanethiols as vapor‐phase inhibitors. For this purpose, 1‐hexanethiol and 1‐propanethiol are used to selectively deactivate the Cu region relative to the SiO2 region as a model metal/oxide system. Using discrete feeding of both alkanethiols, their blocking capability is explored against subsequent Ru ALD. To improve their blocking ability toward achieving better selectivity for thicker films at higher numbers of ALD cycles, a combined strategy is further demonstrated that involves periodically correcting procedures composed of consecutive “selective lift‐off of residual film moieties” and “regeneration of alkanethiols” to restore the surface‐deactivating capability on the non‐growth areas. Current approaches toward practical enablement of AS‐ALD using short‐chain inhibitors can open up the possibility for advanced bottom‐up nanofabrication compatible with next‐generation nanoelectronic applications.
Subwavelength Grating Metamaterial Multimode Bend for Silicon Waveguides
Authors: MacKay Kevan K. , Wang Shurui , Cheben Pavel , Ye Winnie N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel multimode waveguide implemented on a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) platform that supports several transverse (TE)/transverse magnetic (TM) modes across a broad range of wavelengths is experimentally demonstrated. The fully etched metamaterial design combines a gradient curvature bend with trapezoidal subwavelength grating segments and tapered concentric bridging strips. The simulations showed successful propagation of up to nine modes (5 TE and 4 TM) on the 340 nm SOI platform, with excess losses below 2.4 dB, and intermodal cross‐talk of less than −15.7 dB. Experimentally, a compact multimode bend with a radius of 10 µm on a 220 nm SOI platform is demonstrated that successfully supports four TE modes, with average signal‐to‐cross‐talk extinction ratio levels of 14.4 dB or better, across a wavelength band of 1500–1600 nm. This versatile multimode waveguide bend can be employed as a fundamental building block for densely integrated photonic circuits and mode multiplexing systems.
Multifield Controlled Terahertz Modulator Based on Silicon‐Vanadium Dioxide Hybrid Metasurface
Authors: Zhao Xilai , Lou Jing , Xu Xing , Yu Ying , Wang Guangming , Qi Jiahua , Zeng Lanxuan , He Jing , Liang Jiangang , Huang Yindong , Zhang Dongping , Chang Chao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite flourishing and deepening trend in the terahertz (THz) field, there are still challenges in high‐performance active system components, such as THz modulators. Present THz modulators are typically limited to a single external driving field and the fixed switching speed, hindering the ability to flexibly manipulate THz waves. Here, an optically and thermally controlled THz modulator based on silicon (Si) and vanadium dioxide (VO2) hybrid metasurface is proposed to overcome these limitations. The modulator enables the dynamical control of the transmitted amplitude in the range of 0.4–1.8 THz. Under thermal management, a maximum modulation depth (MD) of 97.2% at 0.9 THz can be acquired, thanks to the phase transition of VO2. Once excited with an 800 nm pump light at 1600 µJ cm−2, the device achieves a maximum MD of 91.5% at 0.87 THz accomplished with an ultrafast speed of 2 ps, resulting from photogenerated carriers in the Si substrate. Furthermore, the findings of this study propose a promising strategy for developing multifield controlled active THz components, which would be a new paradigm to design switchable metasurface devices.
Gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: Risk factors and prophylactic treatments for prevention of peritoneal recurrence after curative intent surgery
Authors: Huang Biying , Rouvelas Ioannis , Nilsson Magnus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimRelapse after curative treatment for advanced gastric cancer, and especially peritoneal recurrence, is very common and has a dismal prognosis. The aim of this review is to summarize existing evidence regarding risk factors and prophylactic treatments intending to prevent peritoneal recurrence.MethodsA structured search of relevant studies was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.ResultsThe main risk factors identified are advanced pathological T‐stage (pT ≥ 3), regional lymph node involvement, diffuse/poorly cohesive type tumor, poorly differentiated cancer, and positive peritoneal wash cytology. Systemic chemotherapy in the perioperative or adjuvant setting improves survival for the patients but despite this peritoneal recurrence remains a common and yet an unsolved clinical problem. Different approaches of intraperitoneal chemotherapy such as hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy have shown promising results as prophylactic treatments aiming to prevent peritoneal recurrence.ConclusionFuture studies are warranted to find safe and effective treatments to prevent peritoneal recurrence.
Target high‐efficiency ionic liquids to promote H2SO4‐catalyzed C4 alkylation by machine learning
Authors: Zheng Weizhong , Ma Zhihong , Sun Weizhen , Zhao Ling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo predict and rationally design high‐efficiency ionic liquids (ILs) additives for H2SO4‐catalyzed alkylation, the quantitative structure–activity relationship between 11,000 ILs and interfacial properties of H2SO4 alkylation was established by combination of molecular dynamics simulation, semi‐empirical density function theory, and machine learning. The results indicate that ILs additives with longer alkyl chain can significantly broaden interfacial thickness and decrease interfacial tension, in which the cation‐ and anion‐based descriptors play a synergistic prominent role. Based on the intensified interfacial properties, series of novel ILs additives with different alkyl chain length in both cations and anions are prepared, which present the ability to efficiently promote catalytic performance of H2SO4 at trace addition amount and increase research octane number (RON) of alkylate up to 98.08 from 95.87 in pure H2SO4 system. This work provides a strategy for prediction and rational design of high‐efficiency additives to enhance the liquid–liquid interfacial properties.
Novel RETREG1 (FAM134B) founder allele is linked to HSAN2B and renal disease in a Turkish family
Authors: Taşdelen Elifcan , Calame Daniel G. , Akay Gulsen , Mitani Tadahiro , Fatih Jawid M. , Herman Isabella , Du Haowei , Coban‐Akdemir Zeynep , Marafi Dana , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Posey Jennifer E. , Gibbs Richard A. , Altıparmak Taylan , Kutlay Nüket Yürür , Lupski James R. , Pehlivan Davut 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2B (HSAN2B) is a rare autosomal recessive peripheral neuropathy caused by biallelic variants in RETREG1 (formerly FAM134B). HSAN2B is characterized by sensory impairment resulting in skin ulcerations, amputations, and osteomyelitis as well as variable weakness, spasticity, and autonomic dysfunction. Here, we report four affected individuals with recurrent osteomyelitis, ulceration, and amputation of hands and feet, sensory neuropathy, hyperhidrosis, urinary incontinence, and renal failure from a family without any known shared parental ancestry. Due to the history of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and microcytic anemia, a diagnosis of Majeed syndrome was considered; however, sequencing of LPIN2 was negative. Family‐based exome sequencing (ES) revealed a novel homozygous ultrarare RETREG1 variant NM_001034850.2:c.321G>A;p.Trp107Ter. Electrophysiological studies of the proband demonstrated axonal sensorimotor neuropathy predominantly in the lower extremities. Consistent with the lack of shared ancestry, the coefficient of inbreeding calculated from ES data was low (F = 0.002), but absence of heterozygosity (AOH) analysis demonstrated a 7.2 Mb AOH block surrounding the variant consistent with a founder allele. Two of the four affected individuals had unexplained renal failure which has not been reported in HSAN2B cases to date. Therefore, this report describes a novel RETREG1 founder allele and suggests renal failure may be an unrecognized feature of the RETREG1‐disease spectrum.
Amyoplasia in monochorionic monozygotic pregnancy following interstitial laser
Authors: Gupta Rachna , Sharma Akshatha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmyoplasia is a specific form of arthrogryposis, without any genetic cause. Six to ten percent of amyoplasia cases are one of the monozygotic twins, with the other twin being normal. Failure of maturation of anterior horn cells (AHCs) due to ischemic injury has been postulated as the primary pathological change, leading to arrest in the development of muscle fibers supplied by the affected AHCs with the typical limb positioning seen in amyoplasia. Twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is an important risk factor for ischemic injury in monozygotic twin pregnancies. We present a case of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy with features of TTTS at 12 weeks who underwent interstitial laser followed by the development of lower limb akinesia in the surviving fetus. Possible causes of amyoplasia are discussed.
Gut microbiota modulation and gold nanoparticle‐mediated photothermal therapy for treatment of recalcitrant acne
Authors: Seo Jimyung , Roh Hyo Jin , Jung Jin Young 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent studies highlight that gut dysbiosis, an imbalanced state of intestinal microbiota, exacerbates skin inflammation. Here, we showed the presence of gut microbiota alterations in two patients with recalcitrant acne and investigated the impact of its therapeutic modulation together with gold nanoshell‐mediated photothermal therapy (gold PTT).
IoT based cyber forensics in big data optimization and privacy using deep neural anomaly detection with Hadoop clustering and convolution based Adam optimizer
Authors: Venugopal Sabaresan , Rengaswamy Ramesh , Winster Sathianesan Godfrey 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe reliability of the digital forensic system mainly lies in its ability to detect the attack on time and minimize the security risk associated with the Internet of Things (IoT) device. The existing machine learning architectures mainly suffered from different complexities while processing the attack features such as increased processing time, high manual intervention, complexity to handle large datasets, and low prediction accuracy. To overcome these issues, this article proposes a novel deep learning architecture for data forensics. The low generalization capability of the neural network is handled via the Hadoop clustering and convolution‐based ADAM (CADAM) optimizer approach for improving the optimization capability of the model. In this way, the privacy of the model is improved. The efficiency of the proposed CADAM optimized deep neural network architecture is evaluated by using the UNSW‐NB15 and Bot‐IoT datasets. The proposed model offers improved performance in terms of runtime, precision, sensitivity, specificity, latency, cost, ROCAUC curve, and anomalous traffic when compared with the existing techniques. From the experiments carried out, we can conclude that the proposed framework revealed higher performance to discover and prevent cyber‐attacks against other conventional approaches.
Network topology generation based on eigenvector centrality with real‐time guarantee
Authors: He Feng , Wang Zhiyu , Gu Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe real‐time performance is a major concern of complex real‐time systems during information acquisition, transmission, processing, and application. The interactions among information within these systems constitute complicated information exchange networks. Network topology plays an important role in the behaviors of information interactions and interferes, which severely affects the real‐time performance of the whole systems. Methods such as synchronization‐based method or traffic balancing strategy are the main ideas that guide the construction of network topology. However, these methods could not consider the real‐time performance in the process of topology construction. This article proposes an automatic topology generation algorithm with real‐time guarantee. Specifically speaking, the nodes in the network are clustered to generate the network topology by introducing the concepts of node degree and eigenvector centrality to ensure the real‐time performance of the network. The position of the nodes in the network is determined by comparing the node degree and the communication factors. Analytic method and simulation method are used to verify the real‐time performance of the proposed algorithm. Results show that the real‐time performance of more than half of the total information exchanges is improved compared with the traffic balancing method and topology grouping method for an industrial‐scale networking case.