bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaches used to prevent and reduce the use of restrictive practices on adults with learning disabilities: Protocol for a realist review
Authors: Haines-Delmont Alina , Tsang Anthony , Szifris Kirstine , Craig Elaine , Chapman Melanie , Baker John , Baker Peter , Ridley James , Thomson Michaela , Bourlet Gary , Morrison Beth , Duxbury Joy 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
The use of restrictive practices has significant adverse effects on the individual, care providers and organisations. This review will describe how, why, for whom, and in what circumstances approaches used by healthcare organisations work to prevent and reduce the use of restrictive practices on adults with learning disabilities.

Methods and analysis
Evidence from the literature will be synthesised using a realist review approach - an interpretative, theory-driven approach to understand how complex healthcare approaches work in reducing the use of restrictive practices in these settings. In step 1, existing theories will be located to explore what approaches work by consulting with key topic experts, holding consultation workshops with healthcare professionals, academics, and experts by experience, and performing an informal search to help develop an initial programme theory. A systematic search will be performed in the second step in electronic databases. Further searches will be performed iteratively to test particular subcomponents of the initial programme theory, which will also include the use of the CLUSTER approach. Evidence judged as relevant and rigorous will be used to test the initial programme theory. In step three, data will be extracted and coded inductively and deductively. The final step will involve using a realist logic of analysis to refine the initial programme theory in light of evidence. This will then provide a basis to describe and explain what key approaches work, why, how and in what circumstances in preventing and reducing the use of restrictive practices in adults with learning disabilities in healthcare settings.

Results
Findings will be used to provide recommendations for practice and policymaking.

Registration
In accordance with the guidelines, this realist review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 4th December 2019 (CRD42019158432).
Quality of life and prosocial or antisocial coping with resource deprivation: A cross-sectional study of people at risk of social exclusion
Authors: Chwaszcz Joanna , Bartczuk Rafał P. , Niewiadomska Iwona , Sławska-Jaroszewska Patrycja 
Published: September 2022

(1) Background
This paper presents a study based on Stevan Hobfoll’s conservation of resources theory and deals specifically with resources and coping as predictors of the quality of life of persons threatened by social exclusion. They have no access to public psychosocial resources, the acquisition and accumulation of which are closely linked to the perceived quality of life.

(2) Method
A cross-sectional self-reported questionnaire study. A sample of 1,074 individuals from various groups at risk of exclusion was surveyed using the Conservation of Resources-Evaluation Questionnaire, the Strategic Approach to Coping Scale, and the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire. The research was done among people supported by Polish non-governmental organizations operating nationwide. Structural equation modeling was used to test mediational hypotheses in the analysis.

(3) Results
The significant variables that determined the relationship between resource gains and losses and the quality of life included active–passive and prosocial–antisocial coping strategies. The results were generally robust, but the level of education moderated the relationship between active antisocial coping and quality of life.

(4) Conclusions
The obtained dependencies are consistent with Hobfoll’s approach, confirming its usefulness. Prosocial coping mediates the effect of resource gain on the increase in quality of life and the effect of resource loss on the decline in quality of life, strengthening the former and weakening the latter.
Simple weight modules with finite weight multiplicities over the Lie algebra of polynomial vector fields
Authors: Grantcharov Dimitar , Serganova Vera 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLet𝒲n{{\mathcal{W}}_{n}}be the Lie algebra of polynomial vector fields. We classify simple weight𝒲n{{\mathcal{W}}_{n}}-modulesMwith finite weight multiplicities. We prove that every such nontrivial moduleMis either a tensor module or the unique simple submodule in a tensor module associated with the de Rham complex onℂn{\mathbb{C}^{n}}.
Plurisubharmonic geodesics in spaces of non-Archimedean metrics of finite energy
Authors: Reboulet Rémi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Given a polarized projective variety

(
X
,
L
)

{(X,L)}

over any non-Archimedean field, assuming continuity of envelopes, we define a metric on the space of finite-energy metrics on L, related to a construction of Darvas in the complex setting. We show that this makes finite-energy metrics on L into a geodesic metric space, where geodesics are given as maximal psh segments. Given two continuous psh metrics, we show that the maximal segment joining them is furthermore continuous. Our results hold in particular in all situations relevant to the study of degenerations and K-stability in complex geometry.
Mind-modelling literary personas
Authors: Stockwell Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article takes its cue from David Miall’s influential 2011 paper, ‘Enacting the other: towards an aesthetics of feeling in literary reading’, in Elisabeth Schellekens and Peter Goldie (eds)The Aesthetic Mind: Philosophy and Psychology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 285–298. There, Miall considers the workings of readerly empathy with fictional people. He draws on work from philosophy, psychology, cognitive poetics, and both empirical and textual analysis to explore the complexities of how real readerly minds interact with fictional minds and the minds of real but remote authors. In this article, I revisit these arguments with the benefit of recent insights into the cognition of fictional minds. The key mechanism underlying characterisation, empathy, hostility, and engagement, I argue, is mind-modelling. With its origins in Theory of Mind, but extrapolated far from that simple phenomenon, mind-modelling captures the aesthetic and ethical relationships between minds both fictional and natural. I consider literary reading as a broader ecosystem: the reading mind as being embodied, enacted, and extended to include the imagined authorial mind. In recognition of Miall’s literary critical work, I will present a particular example from the poem ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’ by John Keats – not only for the analytical demonstration but also in order to show the echoes between Romantic notions of holistic engagement with nature and recent work in cognition and literature. The analysis suggests a solution to a literary critical debate around its ending. An approach situated in mind-modelling offers a principled exploration of both fictional, poetic minds as well as authorial positioning.
How Do Spike Collisions Affect Spike Sorting Performance?
Authors: Garcia Samuel , Buccino Alessio P. , Yger Pierre 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecently, a new generation of devices have been developed to record neural activity simultaneously from hundreds of electrodes with a very high spatial density, both forin vitroandin vivoapplications. While these advances enable to record from many more cells, they also challenge the already complicated process of spike sorting (i.e., extracting isolated single-neuron activity from extracellular signals). In this work, we used synthetic ground-truth recordings with controlled levels of correlations among neurons to quantitatively benchmark the performance of state-of-the-art spike sorters focusing specifically on spike collisions. Our results show that while modern template-matching-based algorithms are more accurate than density-based approaches, all methods, to some extent, failed to detect synchronous spike events of neurons with similar extracellular signals. Interestingly, the performance of the sorters is not largely affected by the spiking activity in the recordings, with respect to average firing rates and spike-train correlation levels. Since the performances of all modern spike sorting algorithms can be affected as function of the activity of the recorded neurons, scientific claims on correlations and synchrony should be carefully assessed based on the analysis provided in this paper.
Commanding or Being a Simple Intermediary: How Does It Affect Moral Behavior and Related Brain Mechanisms?
Authors: Caspar Emilie A. , Ioumpa Kalliopi , Arnaldo Irene , Di Angelis Lorenzo , Gazzola Valeria , Keysers Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPsychology and neuroscience research have shown that fractioning operations among several individuals along a hierarchical chain allows diffusing responsibility between components of the chain, which has the potential to disinhibit antisocial actions. Here, we present two studies, one using fMRI (Study 1) and one using EEG (Study 2), designed to help understand how commanding or being in an intermediary position impacts the sense of agency and empathy for pain. In the age of military drones, we also explored whether commanding a human or robot agent influences these measures. This was done within a single behavioral paradigm in which participants could freely decide whether or not to send painful shocks to another participant in exchange for money. In Study 1, fMRI reveals that activation in social cognition-related and empathy-related brain regions was equally low when witnessing a victim receive a painful shock while participants were either commander or simple intermediary transmitting an order, compared with being the agent directly delivering the shock. In Study 2, results indicated that the sense of agency did not differ between commanders and intermediary, no matter whether the executing agent was a robot or a human. However, we observed that the neural response over P3 event-related potential was higher when the executing agent was a robot compared with a human. Source reconstruction of the EEG signal revealed that this effect was mediated by areas including the insula and ACC. Results are discussed regarding the interplay between the sense of agency and empathy for pain for decision-making.
Refiguring Sex Work in the Life of Theodoros of Sykeon
Authors: Dowlingsoka Jo 
Published: September 2022

The Life of Theodoros of Sykeon is a remarkable hagiographic text that is well known to contemporary scholarship as a source for information about rural life in Asia Minor in the sixth and seventh centuries. This text represents the saint’s mother, Maria, and the rest of his female family as a group of independent women who ran an inn on the imperial road through Galatia. These women set up a business that the text alternatively calls the “business of a hetaira” and the “business of pornike.” Hetaira, the feminine form of a word meaning “companion,” was in antiquity a word that meant a high-class woman who either worked as a courtesan or was sexually free. Pornike is a slur word that generally is translated as “fornication.” Through its highly gendered and sexually charged depiction, the author makes Maria into a negative foil for Theodoros’ future saintly career.
This article examines this depiction of Maria in both the post-641 CE text and a slightly less hostile depiction of her in a shorter version of The Life of Theodoros of Sykeon. It uses these texts to ask the question, “What happens if the representation of sex worker characters in these two texts is read as a mode of making practical/moral and theological points in service of monastic communities?” Building on ideas from Roland Betancourt’s recent Byzantine Intersectionality, the project is an initial foray into acknowledging the ways that representations of sex work are highly gendered and that the subjects are entirely silenced.
Cut-offs for thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies in early pregnancy
Authors: Andersen Stine Linding , Bruun Niels Henrik , Christensen Peter Astrup , Lykkeboe Simon , Handberg Aase , Hansen Annebirthe Bo , Lundgaard Maja Hjelm , Knøsgaard Louise , Uldall Torp Nanna Maria , Carlé Allan , Karmisholt Jesper , Bülow Pedersen Inge , Vestergaard Peter , Andersen Stig 
Published: September 2022

Objective
Thyroid disease in women of reproductive age is mainly of autoimmune origin, and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) as well as thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab) are key markers. Adding to this, much focus in pregnancy is on euthyroid women who are thyroid antibody positive. Evidence to substantiate the cut-offs for the definition of thyroid autoantibody positivity in early pregnant women is warranted.

Methods
Stored serum samples from 14,030 Danish pregnant women were used for the measurement of TPO-Ab, Tg-Ab, TSH, and free thyroxine (ADVIA Centaur XPT, Siemens Healthineers). Among all women, a reference cohort of 10,905 individuals was identified for the establishment of antibody cut-offs. Percentile cut-offs for TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab were determined using regression on order statistics (the reference cohort). The established cut-offs were then applied (the full cohort), and frequencies of early pregnancy as well as later diagnosis of hypothyroidism were evaluated.

Results
The highest established cut-offs (95th, 97.5th, and 99th percentiles) were 59, 68, and 81 U/mL for TPO-Ab and 33, 41, and 52 U/mL for Tg-Ab. When the cut-offs were applied in the full cohort, 11.0, 10.2, and 9.7% were TPO-Ab positive, whereas 13.3, 12.3, and 11.2% were Tg-Ab positive. Antibody-positive women (TPO-Ab and/or Tg-Ab) had higher median TSH and were more likely to have hypothyroidism in early pregnancy and to be diagnosed with hypothyroidism during follow-up.

Conclusions
This large study established and evaluated pregnancy-specific cut-offs for TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab. The findings are important regarding the classification of exposure in pregnancy and assessment of thyroid autoimmunity per se.
Alternative Punishment as a Suitable Alternative to Imprisonment
Authors: Lešková Lýdia , Haburajová Ilavská Lenka , García Martín José 
Published: September 2022

Aim. The philosophy of alternative punishment is based on keeping the convicted person free, while imposing a punishment that will act preventively against committing another felony. The paper focuses on perceiving the importance of alternative punishment as part of restorative justice, and on presenting the results of the questionnaire survey which aimed to identify the public´s preferences in the context of various forms of alternative punishments as an option, instead of imprisonment. Attention is paid to three alternative punishments, specifically: community service, house arrest, and monetary sentence (fine).
Methods. The questionnaire survey aimed to find out what forms of alternative punishment are, according to the respondents, a suitable alternative to incarceration. The survey sample comprised of Slovak individuals (N=1078) aged from 16 years and older, thereof 31.3% men (N=337) and 68.7% women (N=741).
Results. Based on the analysis of the data collected from the 1078 respondents´ answers to the individual questions in the questionnaire, community service was identified as the most favorable alternative to imprisonment, whereas the least preferences the respondents gave to the option of monetary fines.
Conclusion. The concept of alternative punishment is understood as a form of punishment that fulfills the purpose of a sentence, without deprivation of freedom, but still guaranteeing the fulfilment of a court-ordered unconditional retribution. Compared to traditional forms of punishment, alternative methods of resolving judicial cases do not enforce repression and prefer the individual approach to punishing the accused (convicted) persons with emphasis on corrective aspects of alternative punishment. The results of the survey showed that the respondents strongly prefer one form of alternative punishment, namely the community service.
The Importance of Regional Triangular - India-Pakistan-Afghanistan and Russian Interests in the Region
Authors: Alaverdov Emilia 
Published: September 2022

Aim. The paper aims to analyze the importance of such tangled triangular as India-Pakistan-Afghanistan and their impact over the whole Asia and its regional stability and security. The already complex region is complicated by interference of such great powers as Russia and pursuing its interests in the whole regional politics and each country separately. The paper examines the strategic interests and the level of cooperation and influence of India in Afghanistan and its implications for Pakistan.
Methods. The study mainly is based on the following research methods: descriptive, analysis and document analysis, and analytical. The paper is based on the books, scientific papers, studies and researches conducted by the field’s researchers.
Results. We can claim that the work clearly describes the significant role of India that makes its presence justified there to achieve its broader aims via Afghanistan. Although there will remain a sizeable role of US presence in Afghanistan, however, India is providing local socio-economic infrastructure and civil, military, and political services to promote peace and security in the war-torn country, which represents a threat and anxiety for the whole region.
Conclusion. Regional cooperation between the five landlocked Central American republics, Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan opens up new directions and opportunities for the development of trade and economic relations. The Central Asian republics show great interest in the establishment of transport corridors through Afghanistan with access to the warm seas of the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. Iran and Pakistan are developing their ports in anticipation of increased exports/imports and increased transit of goods.
Keywords: Russia, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Asia, region, neighborhood, politics
Demographic & health profile of tribal population of telangana - A cross sectional study
Authors: Hima Bindu M. , Joshi K.P. , Jamadar Deepak 
Published: September 2022

Adivasi is the collective term commonly used for the Tribes of the Indian subcontinent who constitute 8.6% of the total Indian population. Apart from high rates of malnutrition and communicable diseases, rapid urbanisation, and changing lifestyles and environment, has led to a rise in non-communicable diseases also. The objective of the study is to determine the socio demographic profile of the study population and to identify the health problems of the study population. A survey based cross-sectional study was conducted between Dec-2021 to Jan-2022in Appapur&Bowrapur villages of Nagarkurnool district,Telanagana. Convenience sampling procedure was followed. A pre-tested questionnaire regarding demographic & health profile was used. Data was entered systematically / scored accordingly in MS-Excel software. The statistical software SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Among the total study population, the Mean age was 28.12. Majority participants (66.1%) were females and most of them (72.7%) were Illiterates with 50% population being alcoholics. Generalized weakness was the major health problem seen, and 19.6% population were found to be hypertensive. About 73.2% population were aware regarding the transmission and precautions of COVID and 64.3% aware regarding the vaccination for COVIDAbout one fourth of the study subjects were aged above 45 years and about two thirds were females and Illiterates and were in unskilled occupations. Alcoholism was the major addiction seen in half of the people. Majority population were suffering from generalized weakness. Majority population were aware regarding the transmission, precautions and vaccination for COVID.
A retrospective cross-sectional study assessing adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of COVID 19 vaccine in a subset of Indian population
Authors: Vasavi Santosh , Rao Poojita Santosh , Langade Deepak 
Published: September 2022

As the COVID-19 pandemic is an emerging healthcare concern, there has been swift vaccine development with minimal clinical trials questioning its protective efficacy outside of clinical trial conditions. The study aims to analyze the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with COVID-19 vaccines among the domestic Indian population. It also aimed to evaluate the association between AEFI and demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and type of vaccine.This cross-sectional survey included participants ≥ 18 years of Indian origin for passive reporting of AEFI with COVID-19 vaccination using a questionnaire. The incidence of AEFI was calculated in percentage; the Chi-square test was used to determine associations between AEFI and independent variables.The incidence of reported AEFI was 76.4%. The most frequently reported AEFI was redness [74.38% (n = 328)], followed by pain [52.83% (n = 233)], swelling [52.83% (n = 233)], and fever [50.34% (n = 222)]. The majority of AEFIs were mild to moderate and resolved spontaneously. Females had significantly more AEFI with longer duration than males. The type of vaccine received had no significant effect on the number or duration of AEFI; 3.63% tested positive for COVID-19 after the first dose and 3.11% after the second dose of the vaccine, with no significant correlation between comorbidities and the presence of AEFI.More than three-fourths of the vaccines resulted in one or more forms of adverse events, but most events were self-limiting. Females were more prone to develop AEFI. Knowledge about what to expect after vaccination will help educate the public, allay misconceptions and reduce vaccine hesitancy.
PORTRAYAL OF AUTISM IN ATYPICAL FILM: PRAGMATIC LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Fatimah Roudhoh Nur , Syahriyani Alfi 
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the portrayal of the autistic character in Atypical film seasons one and two through verbal and non-verbal pragmatic language impairment analysis. The qualitative method and the theory of mind by Attwood and Stemmer Whitaker were employed in the research. This study found that the autistic character in Atypical film made 320 language impairments, including verbal and non-verbal languages. For verbal language impairment, literal interpretations and violation of maxims were frequently found, where the repetitions often occurred. Other quite significant language impairments were monologue, odd prosody, and echolalia. Besides, the idiosyncratic speech was rarely used by the character. For non-verbal pragmatic language impairment, the character mainly utilized clumsy or gauche body language, followed by limited use of gesture and facial expressions, inappropriate facial expressions, and peculiar or stiff gazes. These findings proved that the character of the series was represented as the ASD sufferer with the Asperger syndrome spectrum. Language impairment greatly affected the development of thoughts and how the character adjusted tone and intonation of speech. It was challenging to control verbal language well, so non-verbal communication was often disrupted.