bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regenerative endodontic procedure combined with non‐surgical root canal treatment in an immature permanent maxillary molar: A 7‐year follow‐up case report
Authors: Brizuela Claudia , Meza Gastón , Toro Paulina , Phillips Domingo , Cabrera Carolina , Dezerega Andrea , Concha Guillermo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this report is to present the results of a personalised endodontic treatment for an immature molar, using regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) combined with non‐surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT), with 7 years of follow‐up. The tooth#3 presented combined endodontic pathologies in each root, with different pulpal and periapical status. A REP in the palatal (P) canal and a NSCRT in the mesio‐buccal (MB) and disto‐buccal (DB) canals were performed. Absence of clinical signs/symptoms and continuous palatal root development with apical closure were observed over 4‐years. After 5‐years an apical lesion in the MB root was observed. Both MB canals were selectively retreated by completely filling them with TotalFill BC RRM Fast Set putty. After 7‐years, the tooth remained functional and the apical lesion was resolving. The palatal root was completely mature. This case report reveals the potential for use of combined treatment approaches for immature multirooted teeth.
EGFR inhibition in EGFR‐mutant lung cancer cells perturbs innate immune signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Shiiya Akihiko , Noguchi Takuro , Tomaru Utano , Ariga Shin , Takashima Yuta , Ohhara Yoshihito , Taguchi Jun , Takeuchi Satoshi , Shimizu Yasushi , Kinoshita Ichiro , Koizumi Tomonobu , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Shinagawa Naofumi , Sakakibara‐Konishi Jun , Dosaka‐Akita Hirotoshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) elicit potent cell cycle arrest in EGFR‐mutant non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which these drugs alter the tumor phenotype that contributes to the immune escape of EGFR‐mutant cells. Using EGFR‐mutant NSCLC cell lines and tissue samples from patients, we investigated the changes in immune checkpoints expressed in tumor cells following EGFR inhibition. Subsequently, we also analyzed the role of soluble factors from the dying tumor cells in the activation of immune signaling pathways involved in therapy resistance. Upon EGFR‐TKI treatment, we found that EGFR‐mutant cells upregulated the expression of innate immune checkpoint CD24 in vitro. We then analyzed biopsy samples from six patients who developed resistance to a first‐generation EGFR‐TKI without the acquired T790M mutation. Immunohistochemistry revealed that levels of tumor CD24 expression were increased upon treatment compared with those from pre‐treatment samples. Monocyte‐derived macrophages facilitated antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis when EGFR‐TKI‐treated EGFR‐mutant cells were incubated with anti‐CD24 antibodies in vitro, suggesting that CD24 may be a therapeutical target for EGFR‐mutant lung cancer. Moreover, EGFR inhibition accelerated the release of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) from dying tumor cells, which activated the type I interferon signaling pathways in human THP‐1 monocytes in a stimulator of interferon genes‐dependent manner. Our study indicates that EGFR inhibition in EGFR‐mutant NSCLC cells fosters a tumor microenvironment associated with immune escape. Thus, CD24 targeted therapy and cfDNA monitoring may contribute to improved treatment outcomes in patients with EGFR‐mutant NSCLC.
Myoinositol and methyl stearate increases rifampicin susceptibility among drug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis expressing Rv1819c
Authors: Nirmal Christy Rosaline , Rajadas Sam Ebenezer , Balasubramanian Mahizhaveni , Mohanvel Sucharitha Kannappan , Aathi Muthu Sankar , Munishankar Saravanan , Chilamakuru Naresh Babu , Thiruvenkadam Kannan , Pandiya Raj Ajith Kumar , Paraman Ramalingam , Dusthackeer Azger 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe alarming increase in multidrug resistance, which includes Bedaquiline and Delamanid, stumbles success in Tuberculosis treatment outcome. Mycobacterium tuberculosis gains resistance to rifampicin, which is one of the less toxic and potent anti‐TB drugs, through genetic mutations predominantly besides efflux pump mediated drug resistance. In recent decades, scientific interventions are being carried out to overcome this hurdle using novel approaches to save this drug by combining it with other drugs/molecules or by use of high dose rifampicin. This study reports five small molecules namely Ellagic acid, Methyl Stearate, Myoinositol, Rutin, and Shikimic acid that exhibit synergistic inhibitory activity with rifampicin against resistant TB isolates. In‐silico examinations revealed possible blocking of Rv1819c—an ABC transporter efflux pump that was known to confer resistance in M. tuberculosis to rifampicin. The synergistic anti‐TB activity was assessed using a drug combination checkerboard assay. Efflux pump inhibition activity of ellagic acid, myoinositol, and methyl stearate was observed through ethidium bromide accumulation assay in the drug‐resistant M. tuberculosis clinical strains and recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing Rv1819c in coherence with the significant reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration of rifampicin. Cytotoxicity of the active efflux inhibitors was tested using in silico and ex vivo methods. Myoinositol and methyl stearate were completely non‐toxic to the hematological and epithelial cells of different organs under ex vivo conditions. Based on these findings, these molecules can be considered for adjunct TB therapy; however, their impact on other drugs of anti‐TB regimen needs to be tested.
Model Averaging and Bootstrap Consensus‐based Uncertainty Reduction in Diffusion MRI Tractography
Authors: Gruen J. , van der Voort G. , Schultz T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography has the unique ability to reconstruct major white matter tracts non‐invasively and is, therefore, widely used in neurosurgical planning and neuroscience. In this work, we reduce two sources of uncertainty within the tractography pipeline. The first one is the model uncertainty that arises in crossing fibre tractography, from having to estimate the number of relevant fibre compartments in each voxel. We propose a mathematical framework to estimate model uncertainty, and we reduce this type of uncertainty with a model averaging approach that combines the fibre direction estimates from all candidate models, weighted by the posterior probability of the respective model. The second source of uncertainty is measurement noise. We use bootstrapping to estimate this data uncertainty, and consolidate the fibre direction estimates from all bootstraps into a consensus model. We observe that, in most voxels, a traditional model selection strategy selects different models across bootstraps. In this sense, the bootstrap consensus also reduces model uncertainty. Either approach significantly increases the accuracy of crossing fibre tractography in multiple subjects, and combining them provides an additional benefit. However, model averaging is much more efficient computationally.
Oral health‐care needs among clients receiving alcohol and other drugs treatment—A scoping review
Authors: Poudel Prakash , Kong Ariana , Hocking Stephanie , Whitton Gilbert , Srinivas Ravi , Borgnakke Wenche S. , George Ajesh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIssuesPoor oral health is a significant problem among people who access alcohol and other drugs (AOD) health services, yet little is known about their oral health‐care needs and whether any interventions and guidelines are implemented within AOD treatment services.ApproachA scoping review was conducted to identify scientific literature in three focus areas: oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of clients and clinicians at AOD‐related services; oral health guidelines for AOD clinicians; and interventions that describe clinicians promoting oral health among clients.Key FindingsThirty‐two reports were identified. Twenty‐three studies focused on the oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of AOD clients, but none of the studies explored perspectives of clinicians. Seven clinical practice guidelines were identified but recommendations varied. Only two interventions in which an AOD clinician promoted oral health were identified.ImplicationsMost reports provided insight into the perspectives of clients accessing AOD treatment services. Little evidence demonstrated that clinical practice guidelines were being implemented into practice, or that oral health promotion was part of the tasks of AOD clinicians.ConclusionThis review identified oral health knowledge gaps and perceived poor attitudes that appeared to be reflected in certain oral health practices among clients. This finding indicates a need to educate clients about oral health while receiving AOD treatment. There was an absence of research about the needs for AOD clinicians to advocate for good oral health, and little evidence exists about effective interventions that could enhance integrating oral health care into AOD treatment services.
Promoting multiculturalism and tolerance: Expanding the meaning of “unity through diversity” in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Baycar Hamdullah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe United Arab Emirates (UAE) has sought to establish a national identity among its nationals since its inception in 1971. Contrary to the pessimism in its first few years, the UAE was able to create a national identity among its nationals despite their initially differing loyalties. The UAE has now embarked on a phase of creating a new national identity that includes non‐nationals, encompassing migrants and expats. This study argues that this new identity aims to include, at least discursively, non‐nationals, presenting them as an integral part of society. It should be noted that this new identity does not seek to standardize or assimilate the whole population, in contrast to the first identity, which aimed to standardize the nationals. Its primary aim is rather to express its appreciation of the migrant population through the notions of tolerance, diversity, and multiculturalism, while also preventing complaints from the nationals. This study analyses the ways of including non‐nationals in a new national identity through national gatherings (national days), institutional activities (heritage festivals, cultural gatherings, cultural center visits and activities), media analyses (state‐sponsored media), and foreign policy initiatives that emerged (or presented) due to domestic diversity, such as Pope's visit.
Targeted deep sequencing reveals genomic alterations of actinic keratosis/cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kim Yoon‐Seob , Jung Seung‐Hyun , Park Young Min , Park Gyeong Sin , Kim Hei Sung , Maeng Lee‐So , Chung Yeun‐Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractActinic keratosis (AK) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) are two of the most common precursors of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). However, the genomic landscape of AK/CIS and the drivers of cSCC progression remain to be elucidated. The aim of our study was to investigate the genomic alterations between AK/CIS and cSCC in terms of somatic mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs). We performed targeted deep sequencing of 160 cancer‐related genes with a median coverage of 515× for AK (N = 9), CIS (N = 9), cSCC lesions (N = 13), and matched germline controls from 17 patients. cSCC harboured higher abundance of total mutations, driver mutations and CNAs than AK/CIS. Driver mutations were found in TP53 (81%), NOTCH1 (32%), RB1 (26%) and CDKN2A (19%). All AK/CIS and cSCC lesions (93.5%), except two, harboured TP53 or NOTCH1 mutations, some of which were known oncogenic mutations or reported mutations in normal skin. RB1 driver mutations were found in CIS/cSCC (36.4%) but not in AK. CDKN2A driver mutations were found more frequently in cSCC (30.8%) than in AK/CIS (11.1%). Among recurrent (≥3 samples) CNAs (gain in MYC and PIK3CA/SOX2/TP63; loss in CDKN2A and RB1), MYC (8q) gain and CDKN2A (9p) loss were more frequently detected in cSCC (30.8%) than in AK/CIS (11.1%). Ultraviolet was responsible for the majority of somatic mutations in both AK/CIS and cSCC. Our study revealed that AK/CIS lesions harbour prevalent TP53 or NOTCH1 mutations and that additional somatic mutations and CNAs may lead to cSCC progression in AK/CIS lesions.
The effect of high‐pressure homogenization on rabbit myofibrillar proteins in dilute sodium chloride solutions: weak ionic shielding promotes the depolymerisation
Authors: Su Chang , He Zhifei , Li Hongjun 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe study attempts to determine the effect of ionic strength on the structure and solubility of rabbit myofibrillar proteins (MPs) and improves MPs dissolution in low salt medium. There was a significant effect of ionic strength on the structure and dissolution characteristics of MPs in low salt medium range (0–200 mM NaCl), increased ionic strength led to MPs aggregation and reduced solubility (P < 0.05), while decreased ionic strength weakened charge shielding effect, resulted in stronger electrostatic repulsion and weaker hydrophobic interaction between molecules, thus promoting MPs structural swell and separation between filaments. The modification effect of HPH on the MPs also depended on the ionic strength. Upon HPH, due to the difference in charge shielding effect and hydrophobic interactions, there was a progressive improvement in MPs solubility (from 23.51% to 85.25%) and dispersion stability at 0 mM salt medium (I = 0.0217) while limited increase in solubility at medium higher than 13 mM (from 4.39% to 7.20% at 20 mM). Decreasing ionic strength promoted the depolymerisation of HPH on MPs, inhibited the myosin assembly into filaments after HPH. The modification of ionic strength on the surface charge and hydrophobicity of MPs were further amplified, also contributed to the improved solubility and dispersion stability.
A Statistical Review of Template Model Builder: A Flexible Tool for Spatial Modelling
Authors: Osgood‐Zimmerman Aaron , Wakefield Jon 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) is a well‐known and popular technique for spatial modelling with a user‐friendly interface in the R‐INLA package. Unfortunately, only a certain class of latent Gaussian models are amenable to fitting with INLA. In this paper, we review template model builder (TMB), an existing technique and software package which is well‐suited to fitting complex spatio‐temporal models. TMB is relatively unknown to the spatial statistics community, but it is a flexible random effects modelling tool which allows users to define customizable and complex mixed effects models through C++ templates. After contrasting the methodology behind TMB with INLA, we provide a large‐scale simulation study assessing and comparing R‐INLA and TMB for continuous spatial models, fitted via the stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) approximation. The results show that the predictive fields from both methods are comparable in most situations even though TMB estimates for fixed or random effects may have slightly larger bias than R‐INLA. We also present a smaller discrete spatial simulation study, in which both approaches perform well. We conclude with a joint analysis of breast cancer incidence and mortality data implemented in TMB which requires a model which cannot be fit with R‐INLA.
Focus group and word association for evaluating consumer perception of microwave popcorn labels
Authors: de Almeida Viniccius Silva , Guazi Julaísa Scarpin , Conti Ana Carolina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNew microwave popcorns are available in the market to meet consumer demands for healthier foods; thus, we evaluated the consumer perception about them. Four label images were used: natural flavor popcorn without salt; natural flavor popcorn with salt; whole grain popcorn, 0% sodium, 25% less total fat, natural flavor; and whole grain popcorn, 25% less sodium, 25% less total fat, natural flavor with salt. Focus group and word association were applied. The focus group deepened the importance of the label colors, price and consumer perception regarding the whole grain popcorns. Through word association, the labels of natural popcorn with and without salt were associated with the sensory aspects and affective memory, while the whole grain popcorns were associated with ingredients, composition and aspects related to health and nutrition. All labels had negative associations. In conclusion, both techniques present important results regarding consumer behavior and purchase/consumption of microwave popcorn.Practical ApplicationsAlthough popcorn has a good nutritional value, it is believed that the microwave popcorn is not seen as a nutritious food by consumers, maybe due to ingredients added to the popcorn, such as butter and flavorings. New microwave popcorn has recently become available on the market, with changes in their nutritive composition and ingredients, followed by differences in the labels and packages, which is related to the consumer demand for healthier products. In this way, the perception that consumers have about the labels of products is relevant to their purchase and consumption. In this study, although the positive perceptions about the microwave popcorn labels, negative perceptions appeared through the focus group and word association techniques. Such information is relevant and deserves attention by companies when developing new products and labels to meet the consumer desire for healthier products.
The immune landscape in hepatitis delta virus infection—Still an open field
Authors: Gill Upkar S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHepatitis delta virus (HDV) is known to cause the most aggressive and severe form of viral hepatitis, yet it remained under‐diagnosed but does require early diagnosis for accurate disease staging. Antibody to HDV (anti‐HDV) is the primary screening tool and should be assessed in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, as HDV is a satellite RNA virus of hepatitis B. Additionally, the viral load (HDV RNA) should be assessed in those with positive anti‐HDV, to differentiate between active infection and resolved hepatitis delta. Data regarding immune responses in HDV are limited but show dysfunctional adaptive and innate immunity. Many studies however fail to distinguish between active and resolved infection. Limited treatments are available for HDV, but promise has been shown with the newly approved Bulevirtide, a first‐in‐class HBV entry inhibitor. Thus immune response during therapy requires further investigation, along with additional targets for HDV cure.
Efficacy of new oral rinse containing sodium hyaluronate in xerostomia: A randomized crossover study
Authors: Takemura Akane , Hashimoto Kana , Ho Alex , Bessinger Michele , Law Sandra , Schifferle Robert E. , Ciancio Sebastian G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of a new oral rinse containing sodium hyaluronate and other functional ingredients in reducing xerostomia‐associated symptoms.Materials and MethodsIn this 8‐week, double‐blind crossover study, xerostomia subjects used all three of GUM®HYDRAL™ Oral Rinse, placebo rinse, and Biotene® Oral Rinse as active control. Visual Analog Scale, a dry mouth questionnaire, Oral Health Impact Profile‐14, unstimulated saliva flow rate (USFR), and Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG) were assessed before and after 2 weeks of treatments.ResultsThirty‐seven patients completed all three treatment modalities. Subjective measurements were significantly decreased by test product and active control; however, no significant difference was observed between the treatments. Test product and active control demonstrated a significant increase in USFR over 0.2 ml/min, a normal threshold of hyposalivation. Both test product and active control improved a total score of ROAG, whereas the effectiveness of the test product was significantly better than that of other two treatments.ConclusionsThe new oral rinse may be beneficial to improve the quality of life of xerostomia patients as dry mouth symptoms were reduced for both subjective and objective measurements. Test oral rinse was found to be more effective than placebo or active control for some of the objective measurements.
Psychological characteristics of juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Dell'Erba Sara , Melissano Paola , Zegretti Anna , Paniccia Maria Francesca , Marri Marcello , Caruso Matteo , Tarantino Samuela , Argento Ornella , Grimaldi Capitello Teresa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to compare psychological characteristics of adolescent patients with juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome (JFM) with individuals suffering from chronic pain (CP) due to headache or joint pain in the lower limbs unrelated to oncological, inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.MethodsThe study was conducted on 37 patients aged 13–18 years old, monitored at the Pain Therapy Outpatient Clinic of the “Bambino Gesù” Pediatric Hospital in Rome. A total of 21 patients were suffering from CP (headache and recurrent arthralgia) and 16 from JFM, diagnosed according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. All subjects were evaluated by a pain therapy specialist, a rheumatologist and a clinical psychologist for the following psycho‐emotional areas and/ or characteristics: cognitive abilities, attention, memory, learning, alexithymia, somatisation, anxiety, depression, coping skills. A clinical psychologist interviewed all patients to assess school absences, the use of analgesic medication, the presence of sleep disorders (e.g., nonrestorative sleep) and the intensity of perceived pain.ResultsSimilarities emerged between the two groups in the presence of depression, anxiety, somatisation, alexithymia, school absenteeism, medication use and reported pain level. The peculiar characteristics of the JFM group, which emerged from our pilot study, were the higher prevalence of the illness amongst women, a higher incidence of sleep disturbances, and a better cognitive endowment, despite some attention and mnemonic deficiencies.ConclusionsTo conclude, the present study suggests that the clinical and psychological characteristics of JFM appear to be similar to those found in the CP population.
Effect of freeze‐dried quail egg white and yolk addition to semen extender on viability of rooster sperm stored for 6 h at 4°C
Authors: Łukaszewicz Ewa , Jerysz Anna , Kowalczyk Artur 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe effect of freeze‐dried quail egg white and yolk addition to basic EK extender on morphology and motility of chicken broiler breeder semen was investigated. Fresh pooled semen was divided into eight parts: fresh, undiluted (control), diluted in 1:2 ratio (v/v) with basic EK extender, EK + 200 mg/ml of egg white, EK + 100 mg/ml of egg white, EK + 50 mg/ml of egg white, EK + 100 mg/ml of egg yolk, EK + 50 mg/ml of egg yolk, EK + 25 mg/ml of egg yolk. Semen samples were evaluated 15 min after dilution and after 6 h of storage at 4°C. In the fresh semen, the number of live normal sperm was the highest in semen diluted with EK + 200 mg of egg white and EK + 100 mg of egg yolk, while the highest sperm motility was in the neat semen. Semen storage reduced the number of normal sperm in all analysed semen samples. In the neat semen, the number of normal sperm decreased, in relation to the fresh not‐stored samples, by 36.8% (from 72.3% to 35.5%), with EK extender by 9.2%, in samples enriched with egg white, from 8.4% (EK + 200 mg) to 10.0% (EK + 100 mg), and in EK with egg yolk addition, from 1.2% (EK + 50 mg) to 10.6% (EK + 100 mg). The highest percentage of motile sperm was observed in EK extender enriched with 50 mg of egg white (77.1%) and EK + 25 mg of egg yolk (65.3%).