bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Local to Global: Offshoring and Asset Prices
Authors: Bretscher Lorenzo 
Published: April 2022

Industries differ in the extent to which they can offshore their production. I document that industries with low offshoring potential carry a sizeable risk premium compared with industries with high offshoring potential, suggesting that the possibility to offshore affects industry risk. A two-country dynamic trade model in which offshoring allows firms to secure market share against foreign competitors can rationalize the empirical findings. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4393 .
Service evaluation of a COVID-19 critical care orientation programme
Authors: Carter Chris , Aedy Helen , Osborn Michelle , Rooney Martine , Notter Joy 
Published: April 2022

Background: During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, south London had the highest number of COVID-19 patients admitted to critical care. At one hospital, staff being redeployed to critical care were invited to attend an orientation to critical care workshop. Aim: To carry out a service evaluation of the training outcomes from rapidly redeployed staff who completed the workshop during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March–July 2020). Methods: Two stages were used, the first was a post-workshop evaluation questionnaire completed immediately after the training, with the second involving a single centre e-survey questionnaire two months later. Findings: In total 131 health professionals attended the workshop, and 124 (95%) post-course evaluations were completed. Some 116 staff were contacted for the e-survey, with a response rate of 34% (n=40). Overall, the training was well evaluated. Of the 40 respondents, 70% (n=28) had volunteered, but only just over half (n=21, 52%) went on to work in critical care. Conclusion: This article describes the organisational response of one NHS acute hospital to the unprecedented challenges that arose from the COVID-19 pandemic. The service evaluation identified the importance of a pedagogical approach, which not only delivered clinical content, but also allayed anxiety for health professionals preparing to work in a new environment.
The Fixed/Removable Interface: A Case Report
Authors: Mashoof Siavash 
Published: April 2022

An 86 year old lady presented with numerous missing teeth, failing restorations, unstable dentures and a fractured provisional crown on her upper left canine. After a thorough pre-operative assessment and diagnostic planning, provisional restorations were provided to help the definitive treatment planning. The prosthodontic treatment involved fixed prostheses in the maxillary arch, followed by maxillary and mandibular tooth and mucosa supported cobalt chromium removable prostheses. This was provided at an increased occluso-vertical dimension in centric relation.CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article illustrates techniques to optimize removable partial prostheses by using abutment teeth to their full potential.
Biologics and Dentistry: Implications for Dental Treatment and Patient Management
Authors: Dhami Amrit , Culshaw Shauna 
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the implications of biologics on dental treatment and patient management. There is limited information available on the dental relevance of biologics, and, with increasing numbers of patients undertaking biological therapy for autoimmune diseases, cancer, and osteoporosis among other conditions, comprehensive research is needed. Information gathered from clinical trials and literature reviews was used to consolidate information for general dental practitioners (GDPs). CPD/Clinical Relevance: To update GDPs on biologics, highlight the importance of taking a thorough medical history and encourage discussion on management of patients taking biologics in general dental practice.
Potential security and privacy issues in zero UI touchless technology
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Campbell Abraham G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTouchless technology often called Zero User Interface (UI) has begun to permeate every aspect of our lives as its use became necessary for hygiene measures in public places. The evolution of touchless technology replacing touchscreen interaction started as a luxury concept to give a fancier look to digital interactions, but now it has gained real value as a health-oriented interaction method. Switching to a touchless interface reduces common touchpoints, which help to safeguard against the spread of pathogens. Although the evolution of touchless technology is not new, its use massively increased due to its inherent hygienic nature during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this investment in a new form of digital interaction has several privacy and security issues that need attention, in order to allow for safe human–machine interaction to cope with security breaches and cyber-attacks to protect our credentials. This paper outlines the potential security and privacy issues concerning Zero UI adoption in various technologies that need to be considered if one wishes to adopt responsible technology practices with this technology.
Factors associated with a history of treatment interruption among pregnant women living with HIV in Malawi: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sasse Simone A. , Harrington Bryna J. , DiPrete Bethany L. , Chagomerana Maganizo B. , Klyn Laura Limarzi , Wallie Shaphil D. , Maliwichi Madalitso , Jumbe Allan N. , Hoffman Irving F. , Rosenberg Nora E. , Tang Jennifer H. , Hosseinipour Mina C. ,   on behalf of the S4 Study
Published: April 2022

Introduction
Long-term care engagement of women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential to effective HIV public health measures. We sought to explore factors associated with a history of HIV treatment interruption among pregnant women living with HIV presenting to an antenatal clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study of pregnant women living with HIV who had a history of ART interruption presenting for antenatal care. Women were categorized as either retained in HIV treatment or reinitiating care after loss-to-follow up (LTFU). To understand factors associated with treatment interruption, we surveyed socio-demographic and partner relationship characteristics. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for factors associated with ART interruption were estimated using modified Poisson regression with robust variance. We additionally present patients’ reasons for ART interruption.

Results
We enrolled 541 pregnant women living with HIV (391 retained and 150 reinitiating). The median age was 30 years (interquartile range (IQR): 25–34). Factors associated with a history of LTFU were age <30 years (aPR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.33–1.63), less than a primary school education (aPR 1.25; CI: 1.08–1.46), initiation of ART during pregnancy or breastfeeding (aPR 1.49, CI: 1.37–1.65), nondisclosure of HIV serostatus to their partner (aPR 1.39, CI: 1.24–1.58), lack of awareness of partner’s HIV status (aPR 1.41, CI: 1.27–1.60), and no contraception use at conception (aPR 1.60, CI 1.40–1.98). Access to care challenges were the most common reasons reported by women for treatment interruption (e.g., relocation, transport costs, or misplacing health documentation).

Conclusions
Interventions that simplify the ART clinic transfer process, facilitate partner disclosure, and provide counseling about the importance of lifelong ART beyond pregnancy and breastfeeding should be further evaluated for improving retention in ART treatment of women living with HIV in Malawi.
The diagnostic value of nasal microbiota and clinical parameters in a multi-parametric prediction model to differentiate bacterial versus viral infections in lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Li Yunlei , van Houten Chantal B. , Boers Stefan A. , Jansen Ruud , Cohen Asi , Engelhard Dan , Kraaij Robert , Hiltemann Saskia D. , Ju Jie , Fernández David , Mankoc Cristian , González Eva , de Waal Wouter J. , de Winter-de Groot Karin M. , Wolfs Tom F. W. , Meijers Pieter , Luijk Bart , Oosterheert Jan Jelrik , Sankatsing Sanjay U. C. , Bossink Aik W. J. , Stein Michal , Klein Adi , Ashkar Jalal , Bamberger Ellen , Srugo Isaac , Odeh Majed , Dotan Yaniv , Boico Olga , Etshtein Liat , Paz Meital , Navon Roy , Friedman Tom , Simon Einav , Gottlieb Tanya M. , Pri-Or Ester , Kronenfeld Gali , Oved Kfir , Eden Eran , Stubbs Andrew P. , Bont Louis J. , Hays John P. 
Published: April 2022

Background
The ability to accurately distinguish bacterial from viral infection would help clinicians better target antimicrobial therapy during suspected lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Although technological developments make it feasible to rapidly generate patient-specific microbiota profiles, evidence is required to show the clinical value of using microbiota data for infection diagnosis. In this study, we investigated whether adding nasal cavity microbiota profiles to readily available clinical information could improve machine learning classifiers to distinguish bacterial from viral infection in patients with LRTI.

Results
Various multi-parametric Random Forests classifiers were evaluated on the clinical and microbiota data of 293 LRTI patients for their prediction accuracies to differentiate bacterial from viral infection. The most predictive variable was C-reactive protein (CRP). We observed a marginal prediction improvement when 7 most prevalent nasal microbiota genera were added to the CRP model. In contrast, adding three clinical variables, absolute neutrophil count, consolidation on X-ray, and age group to the CRP model significantly improved the prediction. The best model correctly predicted 85% of the ‘bacterial’ patients and 82% of the ‘viral’ patients using 13 clinical and 3 nasal cavity microbiota genera (Staphylococcus, Moraxella, and Streptococcus).

Conclusions
We developed high-accuracy multi-parametric machine learning classifiers to differentiate bacterial from viral infections in LRTI patients of various ages. We demonstrated the predictive value of four easy-to-collect clinical variables which facilitate personalized and accurate clinical decision-making. We observed that nasal cavity microbiota correlate with the clinical variables and thus may not add significant value to diagnostic algorithms that aim to differentiate bacterial from viral infections.
Association between paracetamol use during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: Prospective NISAMI cohort
Authors: de Castro Caroline Tianeze , Pereira Marcos , dos Santos Djanilson Barbosa 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundParacetamol is widely used to manage fever and pain during pregnancy worldwide. However, paracetamol may affect the pregnant woman and fetus, once this drug crosses the placental barrier after therapeutic doses and may impair fetal liver function, affecting fetus growth and development. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between paracetamol use during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes as preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age.Methods and findingsData from 760 pregnant women within the NISAMI Cohort between June 2012 and February 2014 were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association among paracetamol use during pregnancy and preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age. Multivariate analyses were adjusted for socioeconomic, maternal, pregnancy, and newborn covariates. Around 14% of women were exposed to paracetamol during pregnancy. A decrease in paracetamol use throughout pregnancy was observed. Lower risk of low birth weight in infants born to women exposed to the drug (OR 0.21; IC 95% 0.01–0.99) was found. Paracetamol use during pregnancy was not statistically associated with preterm birth or small for gestational age.ConclusionsThe findings of this study do not suggest an increased risk of perinatal outcomes. However, it should not be assumed that paracetamol is a risk-free medication and its use must be rational.
Clinical manifestations and evaluation of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Moshkhoeva L. S. , Barinov A. N. 
Published: April 2022

A serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, which requires early evaluation for the effective treatment. The possibilities of pulse oximetry, which allows to assess heart rate variability in screening of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in patients with T2DM and MetS, have not yet been studied sufficiently.Objective: to evaluate the pulse oximetry effectiveness by comparing its results with the data of quantitative autonomic testing (QAT) to detect cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and clarify its degree in patients with T2DM and MetS.Patients and methods. The study included 30 patients with T2DM (mean age 63±7.9 years), 30 patients with MetS (mean age 61.5±9.1 years), 30 subjects from the control group (mean age 49.7±9.3 years). Patients underwent pulse oximetry, basic cardiovascular reflex tests, assessment of subjective sensations according to the NSC questionnaire, the severity of neurological deficit in the legs according to the NIS-LL scale and neuropathic pain syndrome according to the NTSS-9 scale.Results and discussion. In the group of patients with T2DM, severe CAN was detected in 13.3% of patients, moderate – in 40%. In the group of patients with MetS, severe CAN was detected in 10% of patients, moderate – also in 10%. In the control group, signs of moderate CAN were detected only in 3.3% of patients. The results of pulse oximetry tests with deep breathing were comparable to the QAT results (p<0.001). Conclusion. Pulse oximetry can be used to diagnose CAN.
Geometric characterisation of subvarieties of 𝓔6(𝕂) related to the ternions and sextonions
Authors: De Schepper Anneleen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The main achievement of this paper is a geometric characterisation of certain subvarieties of the Cartan variety 𝓔6(𝕂) over an arbitrary field 𝕂. The characterised varieties arise as Veronese representations of certain ring projective planes over quadratic subalgebras of the split octonions 𝕆’ over 𝕂 (among which the sextonions, a 6-dimensional non-associative algebra). We describe how these varieties are linked to the Freudenthal–Tits magic square, and discuss how they would even fit in, when also allowing the sextonions and other “degenerate composition algebras” as the algebras used to construct the square.
Segmentation of Social Norms and Emergence of Social Conflicts Through COVID-19 Laws
Authors: Iwasaki Masaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the name of combating COVID-19, many countries have enacted laws that restrict citizens’ freedom of movement and freedom to operate businesses. These laws attempt to use the expressive effects of law and legal sanctions to make people conform to legal norms different from pre-existing social norms. The economic theory of law and social norms predicts that when legal norms deviate significantly from social norms, they can cause people to protest or violate them, leading to a division of social norms and possible social conflicts not only between the state and its citizens but also among people with different beliefs. Using Japan’s COVID-19 laws as a case study, this paper examines under what conditions laws that aim to change social norms can fail and what the side effects are in such cases.
Hyperbolic secant varieties of M-curves
Authors: Kummer Mario , Sinn Rainer 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We relate the geometry of curves to the notion of hyperbolicity in real algebraic geometry. A hyperbolic variety is a real algebraic variety that (in particular) admits a real fibered morphism to a projective space whose dimension is equal to the dimension of the variety. We study hyperbolic varieties with a special interest in the case of hypersurfaces that admit a real algebraic ruling. The central part of the paper is concerned with secant varieties of real algebraic curves where the real locus has the maximal number of connected components, which is determined by the genus of the curve. For elliptic normal curves, we further obtain definite symmetric determinantal representations for the hyperbolic secant hypersurfaces, which implies the existence of symmetric Ulrich sheaves of rank one on these hypersurfaces. We also use this to derive better bounds on the size of semidefinite representations for convex hulls of real algebraic curves of genus 1.
3D marine controlled-source electromagnetic modeling using an edge-based finite element method with a block Krylov iterative solver
Authors: Chen Hanbo , Xiong Bin , Yang Yang , Han Yu , Cheng Ziyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An edge-based finite element method for the numerical modeling of electromagnetic fields in complex media is presented. We used the analytical solution on an electric field in a homogeneous half space to develop a source correct factor to reduce the influence of source singularity and boundary conditions on the numerical accuracy, so that we can minimize the time required to construct the field source term in the scattered field formula. The modeling domain was discretized using an unstructured tetrahedral mesh. We transformed the complex equations of the electrical field into two real-valued equations by decomposing the field into real and imaginary components. Thereafter, we adopted a block conjugate orthogonal conjugate gradient (BL_COCR) iterative solver with an incomplete LU decomposition preconditioner, which was robust for ill-conditioned systems and efficient for multiple source electromagnetic modeling to solve the real-valued equation systems. Using the analytical solution on an electric field in a homogeneous layer model, we evaluated the accuracy of our numerical forward solution and the results showed that the source correct factor can reduce forward modeling errors associated with boundary effects and source singularities. We also applied the developed algorithm to compute the CSEM responses for typical 3D marine geo-electric models with different number of sources and compared with different iterative solvers, and the results showed that the BL_COCR solver has high computational efficiency when solving multiple right-hand term problems.
A study on lipoprotein-a and PAI-1 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Shah Ashok Kumar , Yadav Birendra Kumar , Suri Arpita , Shah Amrendra Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
PCOS is the most common endocrinological disorder amongst women of reproductive age. The consequences of PCOS extend beyond the reproductive axis and may lead to the development of metabolic syndrome leading to a high risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, a more comprehensive evaluation of biochemical markers that reflect the cardiovascular risk is required for further understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis and management.

Methods
In this case-control study, women diagnosed with PCOS (n=100) in the age group (18–35 years) years were taken as cases and age matched healthy controls (n=100) were enrolled. Estimations of fasting plasma Glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were assayed while Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated by using Fredrickson Friedwald’s formula. Serum Lipoprotein-a (Lp-a) was estimated using ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). The quantitative data were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD). Unpaired Student’s t-test was used to compare the values (PCOS vs Controls) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to elucidate the relationship between the variables.

Results
FBS and all lipid parameters were significantly increased in PCOS patients compared to control subjects. On the other hand, HDL-C was significantly decreased as compared to the control subjects. The hormones TSH, LH, FSH, PRL and LH/FSH ratio were significantly increased in PCOS patients compared to control subjects. Lipoprotein-a and PAI-1 was significantly increased in PCOS patients compared to the control subjects. Upon bivariate correlation analysis, Lp(a) had significant correlations with PAI-1 (r=0.35, p=0.000), WHR (r=0.25, p=0.000), LDL (r=0.52, p=0.000) and TSH (r=0.24, p=0.000). While the correlations with FBS (r=−0.008, p=0.91) and LH/FSH ratio (r=−0.004, p=0.95) were statistically insignificant.

Conclusions
The evaluation of serum biomarkers such as Lp-a, PAI-1 and lipid profile routinely in PCOS patients may have diagnostic role in the early detection of metabolic abnormalities and endocrine derangements and timely management of comorbid Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease in PCOS females.
Humor in Supreme Court oral arguments
Authors: Urbatsch R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Humor in political communication can risk trivializing important issues or otherwise backfire. Still, comedy’s potential rhetorical power ensures its frequent use as a communication and persuasion strategy. This is true even in the Supreme Court of the United States, where oral-argument humor offers a window on thinking and communication strategies as justices deliberate and weigh contending arguments. Judicial humor at the Court may be likelier when participants are cognitively fresh, or when the case at issue focuses less on a specific person’s life or liberty. Reviewing outbursts of laughter in the Court’s oral arguments between the seating of Justice Kagan and the death of Justice Scalia confirms that cases argued later in the day and relating to individuals’ civil rights see less humor. Within cases, humor arises less frequently during the argument that prevails in the Court’s eventual judgment.
Comparison of POCT glucose meters and analysis of the interference factor
Authors: Wang Qian , Du Jin , Chen Lin , Du Yu-di , Luo Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Not many reports have covered large-scale point of care testing (POCT) blood glucose comparisons, and many interfering factors affect detection. This study aims to verify the performance of POCT blood glucose meters and discusses the factors that interfere with detection.

Methods
Accuracy and precision verification in five glucose concentration groups-high 1 (H1), High 2 (H2), medium 1 (M1), medium 2 (M2), and low (L); comparison of different test methods and specimens; and also the influence of iodophor was investigated in a dilution experiment.

Results
A total of 58 out of 64 Accu-Chek Inform II POCT blood glucose meters (ACI II) qualified for testing. A proportional significant difference in the relative bias was observed with the POCT instruments in the intermediate and high glucose concentration groups (H=15.364, p=0.02). There were significant differences among the five groups with compliance rates (χ
2=21.03, p=0.00); Group L showed higher values than groups H1 and H2. The precision verification met the requirements issued by the Consensus. Significant differences were found between the three detection methods. The measurement of the Glucose Oxidase Method (Cobas B 123) was lower than that of the HITACHI Plasma Hexokinase Method and the Glucose Dehydrogenase Method on the ACI II (p=0.005 and 0.003) in the preliminary study. No differences were seen among the three types of specimens (p>0.05). The glucose results were incorrect in the presence of iodophor interference.

Conclusions
The ACI II and Cobas B123 (with a slightly negative bias) provide sufficiently accurate measurements, and all types of blood specimens can be applied. Iodophor, a disinfectant, interferes with glucose measurement.