bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetospheric response to solar wind forcing: ultra-low-frequency wave–particle interaction perspective
Authors: Zong Qiugang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Solar wind forcing, e.g., interplanetary shock and/or solar wind dynamic pressure pulses impacting Earth's magnetosphere, manifests many fundamental important space physics phenomena, including producing electromagnetic waves, plasma heating, and energetic particle acceleration. This paper summarizes our present understanding of the magnetospheric response to solar wind forcing in the aspects of radiation belt electrons, ring current ions and plasmaspheric plasma physics based on in situ spacecraft measurements, ground-based magnetometer data, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and kinetic simulations. Magnetosphere response to solar wind forcing is not just a “one-kick” scenario. It is found that after the impact of solar wind forcing on Earth's magnetosphere, plasma heating and energetic particle acceleration started nearly immediately and could last for a few hours. Even a small dynamic pressure change in interplanetary shock or solar wind pressure pulse can play a non-negligible role in magnetospheric physics. The impact leads to generation of a series of waves, including poloidal-mode ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves. The fast acceleration of energetic electrons in the radiation belt and energetic ions in the ring current region response to the impact usually contains two contributing steps: (1) the initial adiabatic acceleration due to the magnetospheric compression, (2) followed by the wave–particle resonant acceleration dominated by global or localized poloidal ULF waves excited at various L-shells. Generalized theory of drift and drift–bounce resonance with growth- or decay-localized ULF waves has been developed to explain in situ spacecraft observations. The wave-related observational features like distorted energy spectrum, “boomerang” and “fishbone” pitch angle distributions of radiation belt electrons, ring current ions and plasmaspheric plasma can be explained in the framework of this generalized theory. It is worth pointing out here that poloidal ULF waves are much more efficient at accelerating and modulating electrons (fundamental mode) in the radiation belt and charged ions (second harmonic) in the ring current region. The results presented in this paper can be widely used in solar wind interacting with other planets such as Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune and other astrophysical objects with magnetic fields.
Age and chemistry of dissolved organic carbon reveal enhanced leaching of ancient labile carbon at the permafrost thaw zone
Authors: McFarlane Karis J. , Throckmorton Heather M. , Heikoop Jeffrey M. , Newman Brent D. , Hedgpeth Alexandra L. , Repasch Marisa N. , Guilderson Thomas P. , Wilson Cathy J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Climate change will alter the balance between frozen and thawed
conditions in Arctic systems. Increased temperatures will make the extensive
northern permafrost carbon stock vulnerable to decomposition and
translocation. Production, cycling, and transport of dissolved organic
carbon (DOC) are crucial processes for high-latitude ecosystem carbon loss
that result in considerable export off the Arctic landscape. To identify
where and under what conditions permafrost DOC is mobilized in an Arctic
headwater catchment, we measured radiocarbon (14C) of DOC and assessed DOC composition with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) of surface
waters and shallow and deep subsurface porewaters from 17 drainages in the
Barrow Environmental Observatory in Alaska. Samples were collected in July
and September 2013 to assess changes in age and chemistry of DOC over time. DOC age was highly variable ranging from modern (19 ‰ Δ14C) to approximately 7000 BP (−583 ‰ Δ14C). DOC age increased with depth, over the summer as the
active layer deepened, and with increasing drainage size. DOC quality
indicators reflected a DOC source rich in high molecular-weight and aromatic
compounds, characteristics consistent with vegetation-derived organic matter
that had undergone little microbial processing, throughout the summer and a
weak relationship with DOC age. In deep porewaters, DOC age was also
correlated with several biogeochemical indicators (including dissolved
methane concentration, δ13C, and the apparent fractionation
factor), suggesting a coupling between carbon and redox biogeochemistry
influencing methane production. In the drained thawed lake basins included
in this study, DOC concentrations and contributions of vegetation-derived
organic matter declined with increasing basin age. The weak relationship
between DOC age and chemistry and consistency in DOC chemical indicators
over the summer suggest a high lability of old DOC released by thawing
permafrost.
HUBUNGAN KALIUM, PERSENTASE LEMAK TUBUH, DAN KEPATUHAN DIET RENDAH GARAM
Authors: Putri Amelia Eka 
Published: February 2022

Hipertensi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang menyebabkan kematian diseluruh dunia. Pada tahun 2018, Indonesia memiliki prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan umur diatas 18 tahun sebesar 34.1%. Hipertensi tidak terkontrol adalah seseorang yang mengalami hipertensi dengan kondisi tekanan darah lebih besar atau sama dengan 140 mmHg/90 mmHg dan tidak melakukan pemeriksaan secara berkala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan kalium, presentase lemak tubuh dan kepatuhan diet rendah garam dengan kejadian hipertensi terkontrol dan tidak terkontrol pada pralansia di RW 03 Lubang Buaya dan RW 09 Kampung Tengah, Jakarta Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 81 responden yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan formulir semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire, Bioelectrical impedance analysis dan kuesioner kepatuhan diet rendah garam. Hasil analisis menggunakan uji chi square didapatkan asupan kalium (p=0.182), persentase lemak tubuh (p=0.984), kepatuhan diet rendah garam (p=0.000). Terdapat hubungan antara kepatuhan diet rendah garam dengan kejadian hipertensi terkontrol dan tidak terkontrol pada pralansia. Sedangkan, asupan kalium dan presentase lemak tubuh tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi terkontrol dan tidak terkontrol pada pralansia. Sehingga, diharapkan kepada kader di posbindu agar aktif memberikan edukasi terkait hipertensi dan pentingnya menjaga tekanan darah agar tetap terkendali

Kata Kunci : Hipertensi; Kalium; Kepatuhan Diet; Persentase Lemak Tubuh
Automatic Algorithm of Magnetic Resonance Morphometry in the Diagnosis of Focal Cortical Dysplasia
Authors: Shevchenko A. M. , Pogosbekyan E. L. , Batalov A. I. , Shultz E. I. , Tyurina A. N. , Fadeeva L. M. , Shevchenko M. V. , Vlasov P. A. , Zakharova N. E. , Melikyan A. G. , Pronin I. N 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study — to create an original algorithm of MR-morphometry for identifying FCD zones. Based on the use of the ANTs and FSL programs, an algorithm for MR morphometry was developed. It was used to generate maps of the z-index of the blur of the transition of gray and white matter and the thickness of the crust (Junction and thickness maps).An algorithm for automatic detection of focal cortical dysplasia zones has been developed. The MRI morphometry method is a promising technique for additional assessment of pathological changes in focal cortical dysplasia.
حجية قول الصحابي و تعارضه مع الأدلة و أثر ذلك في الأحكام
Authors: صلاح بابكر الحاج 
Published: February 2022

حجية قول الصحابي و تعارضه مع الأدلة و أثر ذلك في الأحكام
نسعى من خلال هذا البحث إلى بيان مدى حجية قول الصحابي الإجتهادي و اعتباره مصدرا من مصادر التشريع الإسلامي و ذلك ببيان أدلة من يرى أنه حجة و أدلة من لا يرى حجيته و مناقشة الأدلة و الرد عليها ثم إثبات الحجية من عدمها، و نتناول أهمية قول الصحابي و إمكانية الاستفادة منه كمسابقة اجتهادية و تعارضه مع بعض المصادر و أثر ذلك على بعض الأحكام.
التحكيم في معركة صفين : أسبابه و نتائجه
Authors: عبد الفتاح محمد الكباشي البشير 
Published: February 2022

التحكيم في معركة صفين : أسبابه و نتائجه
هذا البحث خاص بمسألة التحكيم و التي تتمثل في رفع المصاحف من قبل جماعة معاوية بن أبي سفيان (رضي الله عنه) في نهاية معركة صفين، التي كانت بين جيش الخليفة علي بن أبي طالب و معاوية بن أبي سفيان (رضي الله عنهما)، و ذلك بسبب الخلاف الذي دار بينهما فيما يختص بقتلة الخليفة عثمان بن عفان (رضي الله عنه)، و الذين كانوا في جيش الإمام علي بن أبي طالب، ليتطور هذا الخلاف إلى نشوب هذه المعركة و التي راح ضحيتها أكثر من سبعين ألف مسلم.
هذا البحث يتطرق إلى مسألة التحكيم و ما يترتب عليها من نتائج هامة، أسند الإمام علي بن أبي طالب هذا الأمر إلى أبي موسى الأشعري ليكون مندوبه للتحكيم مع عمرو بن العاص مندوب معاوية بن أبي سفيان (رضي الله عنهم جميعا)، و قد قمت بتصحيح ما ورد في هذا الأمر من كتابات المؤرخين القدامى و المحدثين، و قد ترتب على هذا التحكيم و الذي قبله البعض و رفضه البعض الآخر أي ظهور جماعة الخوارج و الذين يقولون (لا حكم إلا لله) و قد انتقدوا الإمام علي (رضي الله عنه) في قبوله التحكيم، و كان من نتائج هذا أن قتل الإمام علي بن أبي طالب على يد هؤلاء الخوارج أثناء ذهابه إلى المسجد لأداء صلاة الفجر، و قاتله هو عبد الرحمن بن ملجم.
و آلت الخلافة بعده إلى الحسن إبنه و الذي سلمها بعد ستة أشهر و ذلك عام 41 هــ إلى معاوية بن أبي سفيان (رضي الله عنهما)، و سمي ذلك العام بعام الجماعة.
لتصبح الخلافة وراثية داخل الأسرة الواحدة، بعد أن كانت شورية للمسلمين عامة.
A New V-Based Metal–Organic Framework Synthesized from Pyrene-Based Linker
Authors: Tu Thach N. , Tran Nhung Thi 
Published: February 2022

A new vanadium based metal–organic framework (MOF), termed V-TBAPy, V2O2(C44H22O8)·9.5H2O, was designed and solvothermal synthesized. Crystal structure analysis showed that V-TBAPy is constructed from VO(CO2)2 rod-shaped SBUs (SBUs = secondary building units) and 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoate)pyrene (TBAPy4–) linker to adopt the frz architecture highlighted by 1D channel of 9.3 Å and 4.0 × 9.4 Å2 in the structure. V-TBAPy was characterized by powder x-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EA) and N2 adsorption measurements at 77 K. The resulted analyses indicated the highly thermal stability and permanent porosity of V-TBAPy with the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface (BET) area derived from the adsorption data of V-TBAPy to be 1620 m2 g–1. Furthermore, the rod-shaped morphology and the nano-size V-TBAPy were also confirmed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis suggesting the promising employment of the obtained material for adsorption and catalysis.
Extracting Cultural Factors from Helicopter Accident Reports Using Content Analysis
Authors: Omole Helen , Walker Guy , Netto Gina 
Published: February 2022

Accident reports from the United Kingdom and Nigerian civilian helicopter industry were compared in order to explore the wider socio-cultural factors and their impact on human error. These two countries share many common features of helicopter operations, including a prominent offshore oil industry, but they differ in terms of the cultural context these operations take place within. Content analysis was carried out in order to explore the cultural variables influencing human error leading to accidents. Results show Nigeria accident reports revealed more of the high cultural contextual differences themes (cultural traits associated with Third World or traditional countries) with patches of low cultural differences (cultural traits associated with Western countries), while the United Kingdom accident reports revealed more of the low cultural contextual differences themes, but surprisingly higher patches of the high cultural differences. Analysis of these results enhances the understanding of the relationship between culture, human actions and various system parts contributing to unsafe acts leading to helicopter accidents. Cultural factors are prominent in the sampled accident reports, yet culture is currently not well represented in accident analysis methods. This is a significant omission. This paper demonstrates that culture plays a significant role in helicopter accidents, and that these factors can be extracted for real life scenarios.
De hervorming van het bewijsrecht in België
Authors: Vandenbussche Wannes 
Published: February 2022

De hervorming van het bewijsrecht in België. Een spiegeling aan het huidige en toekomstige Nederlandse recht
Op 4 april 2019 werd in België de eerste bouwsteen gelegd van een nieuw Burgerlijk Wetboek. Toen keurde de Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers van het federaal parlement de wet goed tot invoering van een Burgerlijk Wetboek en tot invoeging van Boek 8 ‘Bewijs’ in dat wetboek. De eerste grondige hervorming van het Belgische bewijsrecht sinds 1804 was daarmee een feit. Deze bijdrage schetst de vier hoofdlijnen die deze hervorming kenmerken: (1) het toegankelijk maken en codificeren van het geldende recht, (2) het bevestigen van het gereglementeerde bewijsstelsel, maar met de nodige versoepelingen, (3) het bewijsrecht aanpassen aan een moderne samenleving en (4) het verduidelijken van de regels inzake bewijslast en de bewijsstandaard. Tijdens de bespreking van deze hoofdlijnen wordt telkens ook aandacht besteed aan de gelijkenissen en verschillen met het Nederlandse bewijsrecht.
De prejudiciële procedure presteert prima. Indrukken uit de eerste 100 prejudiciële vragen aan de Hoge Raad
Authors: Möhring Maartje , Kingma Sikke 
Published: February 2022

De prejudiciële procedure presteert prima. Indrukken uit de eerste 100 prejudiciële vragen aan de Hoge Raad
In deze bijdrage worden de eerste indrukken van de prejudiciële praktijk besproken aan de hand van de vragen en uitspraken in de eerste honderd civiele prejudiciële vragen. Wat waren de bedoeling en de verwachting van de prejudiciële procedure, en lijkt dat in de eerste honderd zaken een beetje te zijn uitgekomen? Conclusie van de bijdrage is dat de verwachtingen lijken te zijn waargemaakt en dat de prejudiciële procedure een waardevolle uitbreiding is gebleken van ons rechtsvordelijke systeem.
Het negatief narratief van het Nederlands executierecht
Authors: Molkenboer Gijs 
Published: February 2022

Het negatief narratief van het Nederlands executierecht
De tenuitvoerlegging van de rechterlijke uitspraak vormt het sluitstuk van de procedure. In dit artikel wordt betoogd dat daarmee onderbelicht blijft dat het executierecht het fundament onder het procesrecht vormt. Het executierecht wordt in Nederland beschouwd als noodzakelijk alternatief voor eigenrichting – niet als een volwaardig recht dat de staat moet verlenen aan procespartijen. Maatschappelijke (schuld)problemen openbaren zich deels in het executierecht. De wetgever vermoedt een disbalans tussen schuldeisers en schuldenaren, neemt zonder meer aan dat deze in het executierecht kan worden rechtgezet en grijpt, zonder kwantitatieve en kwalitatieve onderbouwing, in.
The Proposal of Corporate Payout Decisions’ Modelling
Authors: Kowerski Mieczysław , Kaźmierska-Jóźwiak Bogna 
Published: February 2022

Decisions on a company’s profit sharing are the most important financial decisions for both the shareholders as a source of additional income and the company as the source of cash outflow. The net profit can be transferred to the shareholders in the form of dividends or stock repurchases. Due to the fact that for both, dividends and share repurchase, the source of payments is the net profit (either last year profit, or retained profit), it can be assumed that decisions regarding dividend payments and share repurchases are interdependent. Therefore, a very important and so far without an unequivocal solution is the problem of measuring the relationship between decisions on dividend payments and share repurchases (whether to pay out a company’s profit in one of the forms, in both forms or at all). Taking into consideration the possibility of interdependence of both forms of corporate payout policy as well as the fact that data describing payout policy are of panel nature and the relationships between the decisions and the determinants may be non-linear, two simultaneous equations second order panel binomial choice model with random specific effects, the parameters of which are estimated in the same way as in the two stage least squares, was suggested for modelling the payout policy. The modelling procedure was verified by the estimation of the model on a balanced panel of 153 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange over the period 2008–2016 (1,377 observations). The study results show that the proposed procedure enables the selection of appropriate factors determining the decisions on dividends and share repurchases and the assessment of the relationship between them. It takes into the consideration the panel nature of the data and the possibility of heterogeneity and removes the phenomenon of endogeneity in the model, thereby, filling an existing gap in the literature on corporate payout decisions.
Sosiodemografi dan tingkat kecemasan mahasiswa pada masa pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Intan Virliana Aulia , Putri Rizky Muharany , Nisa Hoirun 
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is an epidemiological crisis. It has impacted psychological conditions, creating concerns about the mental health of young people around the world – including anxiety issues. Though past research has revealed that the level of anxiety may depend on the person's sociodemographic background, not many have examined the topic within the pan-demic context. Moreover, sociodemographic context may differ – due to cultural relativism. This study aimed to determine the relationship of sociodemographic factors with anxiety levels in university students. This study used a cross-sectional study design. Participants were undergraduate students of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah. The accidental sampling method was used to select 415 participants. Data collection was performed online using a google form. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate tests. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of severe anxiety was 57.20% (n=239) in university students. The results of multivariate analysis showed that relatives/acquaintances affected by COVID-19 and geographic location were associated with anxiety levels (p<0.05). Participants who have relatives/acquaintances infected with COVID-19 have a 1.70 times higher risk of experiencing severe anxiety (OR=1.70; 95%CI=1.111-2.602). Participants who live in urban areas have a 1.79 times higher risk of experiencing severe anxiety (OR=1.79; 95%CI=1.142-2.818). Students were expected to manage anxiety during a pandemic. Recommendation to the university includes providing health promotions to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 and psychological consultation services to maintain the mental health of students during the pandemic.
Reliability and validity of digital health metrics for assessing arm and hand impairments in an ataxic disorder
Authors: Kanzler Christoph M. , Lessard Isabelle , Gassert Roger , Brais Bernard , Gagnon Cynthia , Lambercy Olivier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesAutosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay (ARSACS) is the second most frequent recessive ataxia and commonly features reduced upper limb coordination. Sensitive outcome measures of upper limb coordination are essential to track disease progression and the effect of interventions. However, available clinical assessments are insufficient to capture behavioral variability and detailed aspects of motor control. While digital health metrics extracted from technology‐aided assessments promise more fine‐grained outcome measures, these have not been validated in ARSACS. Thus, the aim was to document the metrological properties of metrics from a technology‐aided assessment of arm and hand function in ARSACS.MethodsWe relied on the Virtual Peg Insertion Test (VPIT) and used a previously established core set of 10 digital health metrics describing upper limb movement and grip force patterns during a pick‐and‐place task. We evaluated reliability, measurement error, and learning effects in 23 participants with ARSACS performing three repeated assessment sessions. In addition, we documented concurrent validity in 57 participants with ARSACS performing one session.ResultsEight metrics had excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.89 ± 0.08), five low measurement error (smallest real difference % 25.4 ± 5.7), and none strong learning effects (systematic change η −0.11 ± 2.5). Significant correlations (ρ 0.39 ± 0.13) with clinical scales describing gross and fine dexterity and lower limb coordination were observed.InterpretationThis establishes eight digital health metrics as valid and robust endpoints for cross‐sectional studies and five metrics as potentially sensitive endpoints for longitudinal studies in ARSACS, thereby promising novel insights into upper limb sensorimotor control.
Bridging Evolution of the Solvation Sheath to Rigid‐Soft Coupling and Low‐Resistance Solid Electrolyte Interface for Fast‐Charging and Ultrastable Bi Anode
Authors: Han Xinpeng , Li Xin , Zhang Yiming , Zhang Shaojie , Sun Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe key issue holding back the application of Bi‐based lithium‐ion battery (LIB) is the rigorous requirements of low interfacial resistance, superior mechanical stability, and high ion conductivity of solid electrolyte interface (SEI). In this work, inspired by human musculoskeletal tissues, a multifunctional SEI with low interfacial resistance and synergistic rigid‐soft features is in situ constructed through the interfacial evolution of PF6 anion‐derived solvation sheath at the Bi anode, facilitating Li ion conductivity, and SEI/electrolyte interface wettability, alleviating the enormous volumetric expansion of Bi anodes, and offering superior Bi/SEI/electrolyte compatibility during long‐term cycles. Attributed to these superiorities, an unprecedented cycling stability can be obtained, i.e., 94.4% capacity retention at 2.6 C after 1000 cycles and 89.6% capacity retention at 5.2 C after 1300 cycles. When this anode is coupled with a LiFePO4 cathode, the full cell delivers superior cyclability with 85.2% capacity retention at 0.6 C after 100 cycles. This research provides new insight into handling the interfacial compatibility and fast‐charging issues of Bi‐based LIB.
Dynamic Light Control Using Bionic Dielectric Elastomer Iris Actuators
Authors: Martin Sina , Bruns Arne , Franke Jörg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApertures are used in optical systems to limit the luminous flux. In the human eye the iris serves this purpose but can be damaged requiring an implant, which to date is static, limiting the optical performance. The authors thus report the development of a prototype demonstrating the feasibility of a flexible dynamic iris implant manufactured with an automated manufacturing technique. The presented actuators are printed via aerosol jet printing allowing a high reliability in produced electrode quality. Through optimization of the actuator design for maximum contraction they demonstrate a pupil area reduction of 13.40% or 6.94% reduction of pupil diameter, respectively. Thereby the prototype demonstrates an illuminance reduction of 18.25% in the central visual axis. Furthermore, they present a first iteration of a bionic closed‐loop control mimicking the human iris reflex thus laying the foundation for a self‐controlled iris implant.