bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term outcome of cases of fetal pleural effusion: A study at a single perinatal center in Japan
Authors: Takita Hiroko , Matsuoka Ryu , Goto Minako , Tokunaka Mayumi , Arakaki Tatsuya , Nakamura Masamitsu , Sekizawa Akihiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the long‐term prognosis of primary and secondary fetal pleural effusion (FPE).MethodsWe investigated all cases of FPE in a single University hospital (2005–2020). Cases were classified as primary (cases with only pleural effusion) and secondary (cases with other abnormalities such as chromosomal abnormalities or fetal cardiac failure). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records from the time of diagnosis, to assess medical procedures performed, chromosomal test results, and clinical outcomes.ResultsAmong 18 027 deliveries, 17 FPEs were identified (primary FPE: 8, secondary FPE: 9). Most primary FPEs were diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy, while all secondary FPEs were diagnosed in the third trimester. Secondary FPE was often associated with chromosomal abnormalities, including trisomy 21. The prognosis of pleural effusion caused by trisomy 21 was relatively good, except for cases with TAM. Cases of secondary FPE without trisomy 21 were of cardiac origin, and the neonatal prognosis was poor. The short‐term prognosis was better in the primary FPE group, but long‐term follow‐up identified conditions such as acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive partial seizures, developmental delay and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.ConclusionFetal pleural effusion without the presence of chromosomal abnormalities or morphologies has a good short‐term prognosis, but the long‐term prognosis is poor. Thus, long‐term follow‐up is necessary for all cases of fetal pleural effusion.
Prenatal ultrasonic features of a mediastinal teratoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Xu Ling , Ma Qiuping , Tian Xiangying , Huang Wenyu , Zhong Wei , Shang Ning 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFetal mediastinal teratomas represent only 10% of congenital teratomas in children and 2.6% of all mediastinal masses in children. Teratomas have multifactorial etiology, such as chromosomal abnormalities. Fetal mediastinal teratomas are rare. Mediastinal teratomas can cause hydrops fetalis, fetal demise, and neonatal respiratory distress; therefore, accurate perinatal management and interventions are very important. We describe a case of fetal mediastinal teratoma wherein the cystic fluid in the fetal tumor was aspirated and confirmed by surgical pathology after birth at the authors' center. The teratoma in this case was characterized by a large single cystic mass with clear borders in the anterosuperior mediastinum, which grew rapidly and was closely related to the thymus. The infant was healthy at birth, and the tumor was surgically removed the age of 1 year. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was in good health 6 years postoperatively. This case and literature review suggests that ultrasound examination can accurately diagnose fetal mediastinal teratomas, which is beneficial to provide an accurate basis for fetal prenatal intervention and treatment. Additionally, an important ultrasound feature of a fetal unicystic mediastinal teratoma is a saddle‐shaped mass with clear boundaries, which provided an accurate reference for the diagnosis of a fetal cystic mediastinal teratoma by prenatal ultrasonography.
How reliable are Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models in representing the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone?
Authors: Singh Bhupendra Bahadur , Kumar Kondapalli Niranjan , Seelanki Vivek , Karumuri Rama Krishna , Attada Raju , Kunchala Ravi Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe assess the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models for the historical period (1850–2014). The ASMA is a quasi‐stationary warm anticyclone during the boreal summer monsoon season, centred around Tibet. It is a prominent circulation feature that affects trace species transport, stratosphere–troposphere exchange, along with strong feedbacks to weather and climate. The study is a novel attempt to quantify the performance of models participating in the CMIP6 consortium and understand long‐term variability and teleconnections of the ASMA. We note that CMIP6 models capture the mean ASMA features reasonably well, albeit with some differences around the edges. For most of the models, interannual variations are not in phase with the reanalysis and show sharper increasing trend in the ASMA strength. There is about a twofold increase in the trends during the recent period (1980–2014) as compared to the 1950–2014 period. A multimodel mean (MME) chosen based upon the statistical metrics (mean, standard deviation, mean absolute error and root‐mean‐square error), target diagram, and density distributions is further used to examine the prominent modes of variability. Our results suggest that the signals of significant periodicity, particularly the 2–4 years signal, and the SST correlations in MME are inconsistent with observations. In CMIP6 models, we note stronger upper level divergence over the western and eastern Pacific but convergence over the Indian ocean, South Asia and the central Pacific. The streamfunction and rotational winds also show strong highs north of 20°N. Overall, it is seen that basic features such as spatial extent and evolution of ASMA are reasonably captured, but the strength and interannual variations are dissonant across the CMIP6 models. These findings are useful for studies focusing on regional meteorology, transportation of atmospheric tracers and climate change projections over the region involving the ASMA.
Utilization of marine gypsum as an alternative to mineral gypsum in the reclamation of degraded sodic soil and as a means of enhancing crop productivity
Authors: Jha Sunil Kumar , Mishra Vinay Kumar , Damodaran Thukkaram , Singh Yash Pal , Sharma Parbodh Chander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor sustainable management of degraded sodic soils, mineral gypsum (GYP) has been widely used, but supplies are limited, industrialization, and urbanization have thwarted its use in agriculture. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative ameliorants to GYP. We conducted a field experiment on degraded sodic soil (pH‐10.2) using marine gypsum (MG), a waste/by‐product of the edible salt (NaCl) manufacturing process. Based on gypsum requirement (GR) of soil, efficacies of GYP and MG, at equivalent doses, were compared for reclamation of sodic soil using treatments: control, 50 GR GYP, 50 GR MG, 25 GR GYP, 25 GR MG, and 25 GR GYP + 25 GR MG. The results showed a significant decrease in soil pH following appliation of 50 GR MG compared with other treatments. The reduction in exchangeable sodium percentage was found and to be highest (50.78%) in 50 GR MG among all treatments but statistically identical to 50 GR GYP. The net dispersive charge we noted was a minimum of 4.04 cmol kg−1 for 50 GR MG but was on par with 50GR GYP and 25GR GYP + 25GR MG. The presence of MgCl2, NaCl, and KCl as impurities in marine gypsum assisted its dissolution by increasing the ionic strength of solution and facilitated Ca2+ release for exchange reactions. We found the average yield of rice and wheat to be statistically similar for applications of 50 GR MG, 50 GR GYP, and 25 GR GYP + 25 GR MG. Thus, our study suggests that MG could effectively be used as an alternative ameliorant for the reclamation of degraded sodic soil without compromising crop yields, under scarce availability of GYP.
Relationships between soil and microbial biomass properties and annual flux of nutrients in Central Himalaya forests, India
Authors: Manral Vijyeta , Bargali Kiran , Bargali Surendra Singh , Jhariya Manoj Kumar , Padalia Kirtika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe interrelationship among soil attributes and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and phosphorus (MBP) of Indian Central Himalaya forest soils were analyzed. The forest ecosystem studied composed of chir pine (CPF), banj oak (BOF), and mixed oak‐pine forest (MOPF). This study reported 429–739 mg kg−1 MBC, 67–121 mg kg−1 MBN, and 18–63 mg kg−1 MBP. The contribution of MBC, MBN, and MBP appears to be 1.47–4.11 (X = 2.66%), 2.65–11.17 (5.93%), and 5.61–19.0 (X = 10.47%) of the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), respectively. Significant variations were observed in terms of C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios among various sites which ranged between 5.95 and 8.08, 11.73 and 26.42, and 1.92 and 3.72, respectively. The linear association between MBP with MBC and MBN was observed. Further, a positive correlation was recorded between MBC, MBN, and MBP with various soil characteristics. The annual flux of N and P estimated by microbial biomass using the turnover rates of 0.67 was approximately 100–181 kg N and 27–94 kg P ha−1 yr−l, respectively, which was twice the level for mixed oak‐pine forest (MOPF) than CPF soils. Our study reports a significant decrease in soil microbial biomass C, N, and P with change in forest type from BOF to CPF. So, MOPF can be an alternative for sustainable management of degraded forest ecosystems in the Central Himalaya belt.
Potential of Graft Polymers Bearing Inner Molten Block and Outer Glassy Block at the Graft Chains for Thermoplastic Elastomers with Enhanced Properties
Authors: Miyashita Takumi , Hayashi Mikihiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe authors here demonstrate some significant benefits of using graft polymers with inner molten block and outer glassy block at the graft chains (Graft‐Block polymer) for thermoplastic elastomers. The synthesis of the target Graft‐Block polymer is made by combining two types of living radical polymerization, reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. Temperature ramp rheology, tensile tests, and load‐unload cycle tests indicate that the Graft‐Block polymer‐based elastomers have significantly improved thermal stability and mechanical properties when compares to the Triblock copolymer‐based analog. The enhanced properties are discussed in terms of the effective network strands that connected the different glassy hard domains and the presence of abundant junction points in the molten strand matrix. Overall, this research presents clear experimental evidence of such graft polymers' high potential for application as thermoplastic elastomers.
Income share agreements offer upskilling opportunities for adult learners
Authors: Sutton Halley 
Published: April 2022

SAN DIEGO — “There are always going to be resources for unemployed people. But where are the resources for those people who make minimum wage, or just above minimum wage? In San Diego, that's not going to take you far,” Alastair Penny, Senior Manager at the San Diego Workforce Partnership, said. One such resource to help educate more of your community might be to invest in, or partner with, an organization that offers an income share agreement for college education.
Upregulated YAP promotes oncogenic CTNNB1 expression contributing to molecular pathology of hepatoblastoma
Authors: Lu Songxian , Jiang Min , Chen Qi , Luo Xufeng , Cao Zhenjie , Huang Hua , Zheng Mingjun , Du Junpeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatoblastoma (HB) is one of the most common cancers in children. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence of nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin reaches 90%–100% because of the anomalous activation of the Wnt pathway in HB patients. Furthermore, emerging studies have shown that concomitant activated forms of YAP and β‐catenin trigger the formation and progression of HB. YAP might play a vital role in β‐catenin‐mediated HB development. However, the molecular mechanisms by which YAP/TEAD4 transcription factor regulates CTNNB1 underlying HB pathogenesis are still unclear.ProcedureYAP and CTNNB1 expression and correlation were analyzed by a combination of network enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis of the public microarray datasets (GSE131329 and GSE81928). The protein levels of YAP and β‐catenin were further validated by Western blotting in paired patients’ samples. The direct interplay between YAP/TEAD4 and the promoter region of CTNNB1 was proven by the combination of dual‐luciferase report assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.ResultsYAP‐conserved signature and WNT signaling pathway were significantly enriched in HB patients, with upregulated expression of YAP and β‐catenin compared to non‐HB patients. Further functional assays demonstrated that YAP/TEAD4 transcription factor complex could bind to the CTNNB1 promoter region directly to promote β‐catenin expression and cell proliferation. Targeting the YAP/TEAD4 complex with a specific small‐molecule compound markedly suppressed HepaG2 cell proliferation.ConclusionsAs the upstream transcription factor of CTNNB1, YAP/TEAD4 is a promising target for the treatment of HB patients with high levels of YAP and β‐catenin.
Sonographic evaluation of umbilical cord thickness in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies
Authors: Nunes Clarissa Moraes , Biancolin Sckarlet Ernandes , Miyadahira Mariana Yumi , Peres Stela Verzinhasse , de Carvalho Mario Henrique Burlacchini , Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira , Brizot Maria de Lourdes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a nomogram of the thickness of the umbilical cord (UC) and its components in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies.MethodsThis prospective longitudinal study involved 47 MCDA twin pregnancies (94 fetuses) between 18 and 33 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound assessments of UC cross‐sections and measurements of the umbilical cord area (UCA), the umbilical vein area (UVA), the umbilical artery area (UAA), and the Wharton jelly area (WJA) were made. The UC measurements were correlated with gestational ages. Reference values for the gestational ages of MCDA pregnancies were determined and compared with those of dichorionic twins and singletons. The cases which developed selective intrauterine growth restriction were contrasted with normal cases.ResultsA positive correlation was found between all UC components and gestational age and fetal weight. The UCA of MCDA fetuses was significantly larger than that of DC fetuses (p < 0.001) at the expense of a larger WJA (p < 0.001) and similar to that of singleton pregnancies. The MCDA fetuses with an estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile had a smaller UCA than fetuses with a normal estimated weight (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe MCDA twins exhibited a thicker UC than that of dichorionic twins.
Registration of ‘S16‐5540GT’ soybean cultivar with high yield, resistance to multiple diseases, elevated protein content, and wide adaptation
Authors: Chen Pengyin , Ali Md Liakat , Shannon J. Grover , Canella Vieira Caio , Lee Dongho , Crisel Melissa , Smothers Scotty , Clubb Michael , Selves Stewart , Scaboo Andrew , Usovsky Mariola , Nguyen Henry T. , Mitchum Melissa G. , Li Zenglu , Bond Jason P. , Meinhardt Clinton G. , Li Shuxian , Mengistu Alemu , Robbins Robert T. , Mozzoni Leandro A. , Zhang Bo , Smith James R. , Buckley J. Blair 
Published: April 2022

Abstract‘S16‐5540GT’ (Reg. no. CV‐551, PI 699633) is a mid‐IV maturity group, semi‐determinate, glyphosate‐tolerant, high‐yielding soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar developed and released in 2020 by the University of Missouri–Fisher Delta Research Center Soybean Breeding Program. High global demand for soybean oil and animal feed and U.S. southern growers’ preference for early‐maturing cultivars with high yield potential and glyphosate tolerance led to the development and release of S16‐5540GT soybean. S16‐5540GT was tested in 88 environments in Missouri and other southern states from 2017 to 2020 for yield and other agronomic traits. On average, S16‐5540GT yielded 4,244 kg ha–1, which was higher than the all‐tests mean of 3,885 kg ha–1. S16‐5540GT seed averages 411 (41.1%) and 220 (22%) g kg–1 of protein and oil, respectively, on a dry seed weight basis. S16‐5540GT exhibits relative maturity of 4.6 and has white flowers, tawny pubescence, and tan pod walls. Seed is yellow with intermediate luster and black hila, with a 100 seed weight of 15.0 g. S16‐5540GT plants average 76 cm in height and are resistant to lodging. S16‐5540GT is resistant to cyst nematode races 2 (HG type 1.2.5.7), 3 (HG type 5.7), and 5 (HG type 2.5.7); peanut and southern root knot nematode; reniform nematode; frogeye leaf spot; Phomopsis seed decay; and charcoal rot and is moderately resistant to Cercospora leaf blight and stem canker. S16‐5540GT is also a chloride excluder. It is an excellent choice for farmers who are interested in glyphosate tolerance for weed control and saving seed for planting.
Circuit topology predicts pathogenicity of missense mutations
Authors: Woodard Jaie , Iqbal Sumaiya , Mashaghi Alireza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe contact topology of a protein determines important aspects of the folding process. The topological measure of contact order has been shown to be predictive of the rate of folding. Circuit topology is emerging as another fundamental descriptor of biomolecular structure, with predicted effects on the folding rate. We analyze the residue‐based circuit topological environments of 21 K mutations labeled as pathogenic or benign. Multiple statistical lines of reasoning support the conclusion that the number of contacts in two specific circuit topological arrangements, namely inverse parallel and cross relations, with contacts involving the mutated residue have discriminatory value in determining the pathogenicity of human variants. We investigate how results vary with residue type and according to whether the gene is essential. We further explore the relationship to a number of structural features and find that circuit topology provides nonredundant information on protein structures and pathogenicity of mutations. Results may have implications for the polymer physics of protein folding and suggest that “local” topological information, including residue‐based circuit topology and residue contact order, could be useful in improving state‐of‐the‐art machine learning algorithms for pathogenicity prediction.
Accelerated evolution of Vkorc1 in desert rodent species reveals genetic preadaptation to anticoagulant rodenticides
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Dawei , Li Ning , Wang Deng , Liu Xiao‐Hui , Song Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSome rodent species living in arid areas show elevated physiological tolerance to anti‐vitamin K rodenticides (AVKs), which seems to be due to some unknown selective pressures that rodents may experience in desert habitats. Genes involved in the ϒ‐carboxylation of blood coagulation, including vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1 (Vkorc1), ϒ‐glutamyl‐carboxylase (Ggcx) and NAD(P)H quinone one dehydrogenase (Nqo1) are associated with anticoagulant resistance, or some levels of elevated tolerance, in rodents. To detect whether the DNA sequences of the three genes are also under natural selection in the desert rodent species, we analyzed the Vkorc1, Ggcx and Nqo1 genes of the desert rodents and compared them with other rodent species.RESULTSWe found an accelerated evolutionary rate in Vkorc1 of desert rodents, especially in Mus spretus, Nannospalax galili and Psammomys obesus. By contrast, signals of positive selection were absent for Ggcx and Nqo1 in all species. Mapping the amino acid variations on the VKORC1 protein three‐dimensional model suggested most interspecific amino acid variations occur on the outer surface of the VKORC1 pocket, whereas most intraspecific amino acid changes and known AVK resistance mutations occurred on the inner surface and endoplasmic reticulum luminal loop regions. Some desert‐species‐specific amino acid variations were found on the positions where known resistance mutations occurred, indicating these variations might be related to the elevated physical tolerance to AVKs in desert rodents.CONCLUSIONThe evolution of Vkorc1 has been accelerated in some desert rodent species, indicating genetic preadaptation to anticoagulant rodenticides. Positive selection and relaxed selection have been detected in Psammomys obesus and Nannospalax galili, indicating the two rodent species might also show tolerance to AVKs, which needs further verification. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Epitope mapping of neutralising anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies: Implications for immunotherapy and vaccine design
Authors: Ghotloo Somayeh , Maghsood Faezeh , Golsaz‐Shirazi Forough , Amiri Mohammad Mehdi , Moog Christiane , Shokri Fazel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This disease has currently affected more than 346 million people and resulted in more than 5.5 million deaths in many countries. Neutralising monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus could serve as prophylactic/therapeutic agents in COVID‐19 infection by providing passive protection against the virus in individuals. Until now, no Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Agency‐approved neutralising MAb against SARS‐CoV‐2 virus exists in the market, though a number of MAbs have been authorised for emergency use. Therefore, there is an urgent need for development of efficient anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralising MAbs for use in the clinic. Moreover, neutralising anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 MAbs could be used as beneficial tools for designing epitope‐based vaccines against the virus. Given that the target epitope of a MAb is a crucial feature influencing its neutralising potency, target epitopes of neutralising anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 MAbs already reported in the literature and reactivity of these MAbs with SARS‐CoV‐2 variants are reviewed herein.
Preliminary results on estimation of signal fading on telecommunication satellite telemetry signals with hybrid numerical weather prediction and artificial neural network approach under presence of aerosol effect
Authors: Gozutok Arif Armagan , Yilmaz Umit Cezmi , Demirel Selman 
Published: April 2022

SummaryIn this research, an implementation of artificial deep neural networks (ANN) over outputs of 24‐h multi‐domain high‐resolution nested real case Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model runs was carried out over two high‐resolution simulation domains, which are tested and compared for rainfall generation in order to assess the signal fading event observed on geostationary telecommunication spacecraft in orbit for a real multiscale storm case. Our methodology of ANN, which is driven by WRF model output parameters, focuses on prediction of the rain attenuation signal impairment which is observed on the communication satellite telemetry (TM) downlink signal levels under significant aerosol presence due to dust storm which occurred on 12 September 2020. This modelling approach is then compared to rain attenuation observed on TM signal and correlated with communication satellite ground station TM signal measurements. Preliminary results from conducted error analysis (RMSE) on multiple input single output feed‐forward neural network (MISO FFNN) prediction model outputs tested with several neural algorithms indicate good correlation with the TM downlink signal attenuation observations taken from the ground station TM baseband demodulator.