bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical spine arachnoid cyst complicated by spontaneous intracystic hemorrhage: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mastantuoni Ciro , Pizzuti Valentina , Ricciardi Francesco , D’Elia Alessandro , Leonetti Settimio , Colonnese Claudio , Innocenzi Gualtiero 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Spinal intradural extramedullary arachnoid cysts represent about 1–3% of all primary spinal space-occupying lesions often causing spinal cord and/or radicular nerve compression. Spontaneous intralesional hemorrhages are extremely rare and are typically found within intracranial arachnoid cysts. Here, a 55-year-old female presented with a spontaneous hemorrhage into a cervical spine arachnoid cyst warranting surgical intervention (i.e., fenestration/excision/occlusion).

Case Description:
A 55-year-old female presented with 3 weeks of dull pain in the cervicothoracic region. She subsequently developed paresthesias and progressive lower extremity weakness with (urinary incontinence. The cervical magnetic resonance revealed a right anterolateral intradural extramedullary “cystic” lesion extending from C7 to T2; it contained a heterogeneous signalon T2W sequences, and a fluid-fluid level was documented on the T2-GRE and FLAIR sequences. At surgery, consisting of a laminectomy, two hemorrhagic cystic lesions were identified and removed. Histological findings were consistent with hemorrhagic into an arachnoid cyst.

Conclusion:
Only rarely hemorrhages develop in intraspinal intradural extramedullary spinal arachnoid cysts.
Bacterial meningitis caused by nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with aqueductal stenosis: A case report
Authors: Kotani Saki , Takahashi Yoshinobu , Morisako Tamaki , Yamanaka Takumi , Hashimoito Naoya 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea associated with aqueductal stenosis is rare. The resulting CSF leakage may cause bacterial meningitis, and appropriately timed surgical treatment should be considered.

Case Description:
A 28-year-old woman with obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis presented with intermittent nasal discharge. CSF rhinorrhea was suspected, but she refused surgery. During the course of conservative treatment, she developed meningitis. Exacerbation of hydrocephalus and CSF rhinorrhea was suspected, and the patient underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy after recovery from meningitis. Postoperatively, ventricular size decreased and CSF leakage completely resolved. There was no recurrence of hydrocephalus or rhinorrhea.

Conclusion:
Patients with intermittent CSF rhinorrhea due to exacerbation of hydrocephalus are at high risk for bacterial meningitis. Appropriately timed surgical treatment results in a favorable outcome.
Mature teratoma of the cisterna magna in an adult patient
Authors: Jafri Syeda Kubra Kishwar , Hussain Nasr , Bari Muhammad Ehsan 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Teratomas are a rare subgroup of CNS germ cell tumors and are histologically classified into mature teratomas, immature teratomas, and teratomas with malignant transformation. CNS teratomas are infrequently found in the posterior fossa and pure mature teratomas of posterior fossa are rare especially in adults. We present a case of a young adult female with a mature teratoma in the cisterna magna.

Case Description:
A 26-year-old female presented to the neurosurgery clinic with headache, nausea and vomiting for the past 1 year. She was found to have dysdiadochokinesia on neurological examination. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a-well defined lesion, hyperintense on T1 and hypointense on T2-weighted sequences located within the cisterna magna. She underwent a suboccipital craniotomy with resection of lesion. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma.

Conclusion:
Mature teratomas located in the posterior fossa among adults are rare in the literature. We report the second case of mature teratoma in the cisterna magna of an adult patient.
Comportamiento de la incidencia de Covid-19 y vacunación frente al SARS-COV-2 en Colombia
Authors: Díaz-Pinzón Jorge Enrique 
Published: September 2022

Introducción: el SARS (síndrome respiratorio agudo severo) es la etapa severa del COVID-19 causado por daño alveolar masivo e insuficiencia respiratoria progresiva; causada por el SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus 2 del SARS). Objetivo: mostrar el comportamiento de la incidencia de COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2, entre el período comprendido entre el 17 de febrero y el 30 de septiembre de 2021. Metodología: Esta investigación se realizó bajo un estudio transversal, como fuente de información, se obtuvo del plan nacional de vacunación contra COVID-19 del sitio web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resultados: Se evidenció un aumento en la incidencia a lo largo del tiempo, también aumentó el número de vacunas, hasta junio de 2021. De julio de 2021 a septiembre de 2021, hubo una disminución en la incidencia del SARS-CoV-2, así como la disminución en la aplicación del número de vacunas. Conclusión: Existe una demanda de más estudios predestinados a evaluar la eficacia de la vacunación en la reducción de la transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 en Colombia, tanto a nivel individual como a nivel poblacional, con un mayor rastreo longitudinal y en poblaciones adicionales.
Palabras clave: Incidencia, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pandemia, vacunas.
PENGARUH METODE EKSTRAKSI TERHADAP KADAR FLAVONOID EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BINAHONG(Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.)) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors: Noviyanty Yuska , Harlina Harlina , Adha Ayu Yulianti 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRAK
Daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia(Ten)) adalah salah satu tanaman yang secara empiris,dan mengandung banyak senyawa metabolit sekunder salah satunya senyawa flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat adanya pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia(Ten.)) dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi maserasi dan soxhletasi serta akan membandingkan hasil identifikasi dan penetapan kadar dari ekstraksi daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia(Ten.)) dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri Uv-Vis.
Proses ekstraksi dengan cara maserasi dan soxhletasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia(Ten.)). Kemudian dilakukan identifikasi senyawa flavonoid dengan penambahan serbuk Mg dan HCl dimana positif flavonoid jika berwarna kuning-orange. Penetapan kadar senyawa flavonoid dari ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia(Ten)) dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis.
Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia(Ten)) metode maserasi dan soxhletasi positif mengandung flavonoid, dilihat dari warna yang dihasilkan yaitu orange. Serta didapatkan kadar flavonoid ekstrak etanol daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia(Ten)) metode maserasi adalah 2,43 %. Sedangkan kadar flavonoid ekstrak etanol daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia(Ten)) metode soxhletasi adalah 1,76%
VARIASI EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU BIJI MERAH (Psidium guajava L.) PADA LULUR BODY SCRUB
Authors: Sopianti Densi Selpia , Munawara Laila 
Published: September 2022

Jambu biji merah merupakan tanaman yang mudah sekali dijumpai di daerah tropis khususnya di Indonesia. Selain buahnya yang dimanfaatkan, banyak masyarakat menggunakan daun jambu biji merah sebagai kosmetik secara alami. Salah satu kandungan dari daun jambu biji merah adalah flavonoid sejumlah 17,4% yang mana salah satu fungsi flavonoid ini sebagai antioksidan yang mampu menangkal radikal bebas yang mana radikal bebas ini dapat merusak sel-sel tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan formula terbaik dari variasi ekstrak daun jambu biji merah (Psidium guajava L.) pada sediaan lulur body scrub. Pembuatan ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, variasi ekstrak yang digunakan F0=0%, F1=4%, F2=6%, F3=8%. Lulur body scrub dari ekstrak Psidium guajava dilakukan uji evaluasi meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji stabilitas, uji viskositas, uji daya lekat, uji daya sebar, dan uji tipe krim. Hasil ekstrak daun jambu biji merah (Psidium guajava L) dapat diformulasikan sebagai sediaan lulur body scrub. Hasil percobaan sifat fisik, maka variasi konsentrasi Ekstrak daun jambu biji merah mempengaruhi sifat fisik lulur yang dihasilkan terutama pada organoleptis dan viskositas. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi Ekstrak daun jambu biji merah maka semakin pekat warnanaya dan semakin kental. Tidak berpengaruh pada daya sebar, pH dan daya lekat.
Association between Gallstones and Diabetics Type 2 Iraqi Patients
Authors: H. Altaie Anmar 
Published: September 2022

Gallstone disease is one of the most common complications among diabetic patients especially type 2 DM. Till now, there is no specific and certain factor that explain the incidence of gallstones among type 2 diabetic patients and many risk factors are taken collectively to estimate its intensity and severity compared to non diabetic counter parts. This clinical study was designed to evaluate and report the incidence and severity of gallstones among type 2 diabetics and non diabetics regarding certain factors. 20 diabetic females and 20 diabetic males were collected as patientsâ€² group and have had gallstones while 20 females and 20 males who have had gallstones without diabetes mellitus type 2 were collected as controlsâ€² group. The age, weight, and both of the size and number of gallstones of diabetic patients and controls were correlated to demonstrate the prevalence of gallstones among the patientsâ€² and controlsâ€² groups. The study showed that the mean ages of female patients is slightly higher (p<0.05) than the female controls. On the other hand there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between female and male control subjects. The body mass index (BMI) of male patients was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the male controls, while there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between female and male control subjects. The results of the study presented that the stone size of female patients was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the female and male controls, while the stone diameter of male patients was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the male and female controls. The stone number of female patients was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the female and male controls, while the stone number of male patients was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the male and female controls. These findings suggest that the incidence of gallstones was higher in type 2 diabetics both in males and females than the non diabetics and more in females than males who were non diabetics.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, gallstones, gender, ultrasound
Serum Trace Elements (Zinc, Copper and Magnesium) Status in Iraqi Patients with Acne Vulgaris :( Case- Controlled Study)
Authors: OM Saleh Basil , N. H. Anbar Zainab , Y. Majid Ali 
Published: September 2022

Recently on the dermatological fields, the serum levels and the roles of Zn, Cu and Mg have been studied especially in acne vulgaris, but the results were controversial. The aim of the present study is to investigate a relationship between the severity of acne and the serum levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) and to demonstrate the status of serum levels of zinc, copper, and magnesium in Iraqi male patients with acne vulgaris and to compare it with those of healthy controls.This case controlled study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology and Venerology and in the Poisoning Consultation Center of Baghdad Teaching Hospital between May 2009 to January 2010. Forty- five male patients with acne vulgaris, their ages ranged from 18-30 (21.82Â±3.77) years and 45 healthy male subjects as controls, their ages ranged from 18-30 (22.18Â±3.85) years were included in this study. Patients were subdivided into three groups according to the severity of their acne; mild acne group (n=15), moderate (n=15) and severe acne group (n=15). Investigations included serum estimation of Zn, Cu and Mg in both patient and control groups.The data obtained from this study showed that the (meanÂ±SD) values of serum levels of Zn was significantly decreased in severe acne group compared with controls, mild and moderate type of acne group (P< 0.05). Serum Mg concentration was significantly lower in severe acne group compared with mild and moderate acne group (P< 0.05). With regard to serum Cu, there were no significant differences among groups of patients with acne vulgaris.This study revealed a significant association between serum levels of either Zn or Mg with the severity of acne.
Key words: Acne vulgaris, zinc, copper, magnesium.
Postoperative Wound Infections and the Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Baghdad Hospitals
Authors: A. Merdaw Maysoon 
Published: September 2022

Nosocomial infections are one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitals. These are major public health problems worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. The purpose of this research was to analyze the frequency of the microorganisms in the specimens taken from the surgical wounds, and to examine antimicrobial susceptibility for some isolates . Wound swabs were examined from June 2010 to January 2011. The isolates were identified by conventional methods, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per NCCLS guidelines.A total of 102 wound swabs were examined 22(21.56%) swabs were sterile and 80(78.43%) were positive for microorganisms. The results showed 27.2% positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 25.0% positive for Coagulase positive Staphylococci, 20.0% positive for Enterococcus spp., 17.5% positive for Escherichia coli,15.0% positive for Klebsiella pneumonia,13.7% for Proteus mirabilis,and10.0% for Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the rate of isolates of Imipenem Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa(IRPA) were 3.7% , 11.2% positive for Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci(VRE) ,13.7% positive for both Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and Vancomycin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus(VRSA) ,and 11.2% positive for Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus(VISA). We found that postoperative wound infections increase with pre and post operative hospitalization that's mean the infections can be decrease by shortening the hospitalization time.Our results appear to be maintained with strategies for preventing nosocomial infection,permanent education, strong application of protocols and urging the implementation of strict infection control policy.
Key words: nosocomial infection, surgical wound, antimicrobial susceptibility.
Evaluation of the Relation between Asthma, Obesity and Leptin Level in Iraqi Asthmatic Patients and the Main Risk Factors that are Associated with Leptin Level
Authors: A. Hasan Hiba 
Published: September 2022

This study tries to clear the correlation and association between asthma, obesity and leptin levels. Also it will work to indicate the main risk factors which play role in the elevation of leptin level within asthmatic patients. This is a case control study conducted on (38) asthmatic patients and (20) healthy control who were closely similar by age, gender and BMI. The main statistical tests used were student t test, linear regression test and correlation test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Sampling method used for this study was convenience sampling method. The main results of this study show a significant association and positive correlation between age (old age â‰¥ 40 years old), female gender, BMI (overweight and obese) and steroid utilization with leptin elevation in Iraqi asthmatic patients since P values < 0.05. This study concludes that there is a correlation between obesity, age, sex and utilization of steroid with leptin level and they were the main risk factors which play role in the mechanism of elevation of leptin in Iraqi asthmatic patients.
Key words: Leptin, Asthma, BMI.
Implementation of a Clinical Pharmacy Training Program in Iraqi Teaching Hospitals : Review Article
Authors: I. Rasheed Jawad , M. Abbas Hassan 
Published: September 2022

Pharmaceutical care is a patient-centered, outcomes oriented practice that requires the pharmacist to work in concert with the patient and the patientâ€™s other healthcare providers to promote health, to prevent disease, and to assess, monitor, initiate, and modify medication use to assure that drug therapy regimens are safe and effective. In addition, the presence of clinical pharmacists has led to a higher quality of patient education and provision of complete detailed information for patients. In developed countries Pharm D has become the professional degree for practice of Pharmacy. The graduates will be enrolled in a pharmacy residency program; admission to the residency programs is available to Pharm D graduates of an accredited College of Pharmacy. The residency is also designed to prepare the residents to become Board Certified Specialists in their field. In many developing countries three new pharmaceutical education programs have currently been established to serve the pharmaceutical care development. Firstly, a six-year curriculum leading to the doctor of pharmacy (Pharm. D) degree as the sole professional degree. Secondly, Pharmacy Residency and Fellowship Training Program have been developed to provide intensive training in pharmaceutical care practice to the pharmacists. Lastly, the continuing pharmaceutical education program (CPE) has been adopted to ensure the competency of all pharmacists to deliver the best knowledge and skills in pharmaceutical sciences in their specialties. In our opinion we lack for most of these programs, even the program of clinical pharmacy in ministry of health is not residency program and it is short and not subspecialized apart from being not recognized by academic institutes and references. In conclusion, pharmacy profession has to change towards the more responsibility on patient care. New training program has to be adopted by medical education institutes to provide clinical pharmacists as a profession and to prepare board certified clinical pharmacists as specialists to cope with the advances in all medical fields.
Key words: clinical pharmacy, board certification.
Effect of L-carnitine, Multivitamins and their Combination in the Treatment of Idiopathic Male Infertility
Authors: J. Aram Jehan , J. Al-Shamma Kassim , N. Al-Hassani Ansam 
Published: September 2022

The aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the efficacy of L-carnitine, multivitamins and their combination therapies on semen characteristics in idiopathic male infertility. Idiophathic infertile patients were randomly divided into three groups who had received three different treatment regimens for three months: group A (45 patients) has received 2 grams daily of L-carnitine alone; group B (55 patients) had received the combination of L-carnitine (2 grams daily) plus one tablet daily of multivitamins (StresstabsÂ®); and group C (29 patients) had received one tablet daily of multivitamins alone. The study was started on 1/11/2009 and completed on 31/3/2010 and performed at Rizgari Teaching Hospital in Hawler City/Erbil Governorate. Thirty fertile male volunteers were used as a control group as well. Seminal fluid analysis has been done before treatment and then monthly after treatment for three month. The results of the present study clearly demonstrated that the combination therapy of L â€“ carnitine and multivitamins was more efficient than each drug therapy alone and this evidenced by improvement and significant increase in the semen parameters; sperm concentration (72%), sperm count (79%), actively motile sperm (29%), and progressive motile sperm count (125%) when compared to pretreatment values than either L â€“ carnitine or multivitamins therapy alone (53%, 60%, 19% and 84%), (21%, 30%, Non Significant, 34%) respectively.The results demonstrated that the combination therapy of L-carnitine and multivitamins was more efficient and produced more significant improvement in semen characteristic than either therapy alone, and that L-carnitine therapy was more efficient than multivitamins.Improvement in these semen parameters can aid in the treatment of idiopathic male infertility.
Key words : L-carnitine, multivitamins, infertility.
Protective Effect of Ginger Extract Against Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Cardiotoxicity in Rats.
Authors: M. Attyah Ahmed , H. Ismail Sajida 
Published: September 2022

The protective effect of ginger extract against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity was evaluated in 30 albino white rats(weighing 200-300 gm ) classified into 5groups (6 rats per each group). The rats were treated with 0.5g/kg/day or 1g/kg/day ginger extract orally 5 successive days before and 5 successive days after induction of toxicity with intraperitoneal (IP) injection of (10mg/kg ) cisplatin, resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , total serum billirubin(TSB) , lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase(CK) enzymes in comparison with the cisplatin treated animals; ginger extract also improves the histological changes produced by cisplatin in the liver cells and cardiac muscle fiber cells in comparison with the control . It is concluded that , ginger extract when used concomitantly with cisplatin protects the liver and heart against the toxicity induced by this cytotoxic drug.
Key wards :Ginger, Cisplatin,Oxidative Stress.
Formulation and Optimization of Oral Fast Dissolving Prochloperazine Maleate Tablets
Authors: K. Ahmed Dua'a , A. Kamal Balkis 
Published: September 2022

Prochloperazine maleate (PCM) is one of the most prescribed phenothiazine. The purpose of the present research was to develop fast dissolving tablets of PCM with Î²-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Tablets prepared by wet granulation with sublimation and by using different superdisintegrants type [ low-hydroxypropylcellulose LH21 (L-HPC LH21), carboxymethylcellulose calcium (ECG505), crospovidone (CP)], and different type of subliming agents (urea and ammonium bicarbonate (AB)). Tablets evaluated for its % friability, disintegration time, wetting time, hardness, content uniformity, weight variation, in vitro dissolution studies. For further enhancement of disintegration and dissolution, PCM orodispersible tablet were formulated as (PF2,PF3 and PF4) using inclusion complex of drug in Î²-cyclodextrin at different ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) respectively. These formulation showed disintegration times between (22s and 14.6s), and drug release showed t80% between (2.9% and 0.9%). Among all the formulations PF4 was considered as the best, containing PCM: Î²-cyclodextrin 1:3, 10% crospovidone and 25% ammonium bicarbonate which shows the shortest DT, good dissolution study and stability. The overall results suggest that the orodispersible tablet of PCM enhance the absorbable part than that of corresponding conventional tablet by using superdisintegrants and Î²-cyclodextrin inclusion complex of drug.
Key words: Prochloperazine maleate, Orodispersible tablet, Crospovidone, Ammonium Bicarbonate, Sublimation.