bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional deformation and its uncertainty derived by integrating multiple SAR data analysis methods
Authors: Morishita Yu , Kobayashi Tomokazu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) surface deformation data with high accuracy and resolution can help reveal the complex mechanisms and sources of subsurface deformation, both tectonic and anthropogenic. Detailed 3D deformation data are also beneficial for maintaining the position coordinates of existing ground features, which is critical for developing and advancing global positioning technologies and their applications. In seismically active regions, large earthquakes have repeatedly caused significant ground deformation and widespread damage to human society. However, the delay in updating position coordinates following deformation can hamper disaster recovery. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data allow high-accuracy and high-resolution 3D deformation measurements. Three analysis methods are currently available to measure 1D or 2D deformation: SAR interferometry (InSAR), split-bandwidth interferometry (SBI), and the pixel offset method. In this paper, we propose an approach to derive 3D deformation by integrating deformation data from the three methods. The theoretical uncertainty of the derived 3D deformations was also estimated using observed deformation data for each of these methods and the weighted least square (WLS) approach. Furthermore, we describe two case studies (the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence and the 2016 Central Tottori earthquake in Japan) using L-band Advanced Land Observing Satellite 2 (ALOS-2) data. The case studies demonstrate that the proposed approach successfully retrieved 3D coseismic deformation with the standard error of ~ 1, ~ 4, and ~ 1 cm in the east–west, north–south, and vertical components, respectively, with sufficient InSAR data. SBI and the pixel offset method filled the gaps of the InSAR data in large deformation areas in the order of 10 cm accuracy. The derived standard errors for each pixel are also useful for subsequent applications, such as updating position coordinates and deformation source modeling. The proposed approach is also applicable to other SAR datasets. In particular, next-generation L-band SAR satellites, such as ALOS-4 and NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR), which have a wider swath width, more frequent observation capabilities than the former L-band satellites, and exclusive main look directions (i.e., right and left) will greatly enhance the applicability of 3D deformation derivation and support the quick recovery from disasters with significant deformation.
Graphical Abstract
Lessons from a feasibility study testing an anticipatory care planning intervention for older adults at risk of functional decline: feedback from implementing stakeholders
Authors: Corry Dagmar Anna S. , Carter Gillian , Doyle Frank , McGlade Kieran , O’Halloran Peter , Wallace Emma , Brazil Kevin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Anticipatory care is becoming increasingly important in effectively managing complex multimorbidity in aging populations, preventing further functional decline, and avoiding hospital admissions. This study aimed to elicit the feedback of participating general practitioners, practice managers, nurses and an adjunct pharmacist on the implementation strengths and limitations of a nurse-led, person-centered anticipatory care planning (ACP) intervention for older people at risk of functional decline in a primary care setting. The findings have implications for a full trial and intervention design.

Methods
As part of a feasibility cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) testing the ACP intervention, we sought feedback from implementing stakeholders: general practitioners (N = 3), practice staff (N = 3), research nurses (N = 5), and adjunct pharmacist (N = 1) in both the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and Northern Ireland (NI), UK. Following written, informed consent, they were interviewed to investigate their experience of participating in the implementation of the ACP intervention as part of the feasibility trial, and elicit any recommendations for a full trial. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, thematic analysis was employed to analyze data. The intervention consisted of home visits by specially trained nurses who assessed participants’ health, discussed with them their health goals and plans, and devised an anticipatory care plan following consultation with participants’ General Practitioners and the adjunct clinical pharmacist.

Results
Participating stakeholders indicated that the strengths of the implementation process included the training provided to the nurses, constructive collaboration of the research team, and structure of implementation process. Perceived limitations included the selection process and screening tool, communication between the research team and the nurses, the assessment questionnaire, and the final document left with the patient, as well as lack of access to medical records for the adjunct pharmacist. Recommendations include better communication and team-wide consensus on alterations to procedure and documents, and standardized protocols for patient selection, data collection, and reporting for research nurses.

Conclusions
The findings have identified strengths of the implementation process on which to build, and recognized limitations which can now be addressed to ensure improved efficiency and effectiveness in future trials.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT03902743. Registered on 4 April 2019.
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and activities of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase isoforms, IDO1 and IDO2, in tuberculosis patients
Authors: Cao Tingming , Dai Guangming , Chu Hongqian , Kong Chengcheng , Duan Huijuan , Tian Na , Sun Zhaogang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the role and effects of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the two functionally related indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) isoforms on IDO activity in the Chinese Han ethnic population.

Methods
A total of 151 consecutive patients of Chinese Han ethnicity (99 men and 52 women; average age 51.92 ± 18.26 years) with pulmonary TB admitted to Beijing Chest Hospital between July 2016 and February 2017 were enrolled in the study. The serum levels of tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites, IDO1 and IDO2 mRNA levels, and the relationship of IDO1 and IDO2 SNPs with the serum Kyn/Trp ratio in TB patients and healthy controls were examined by LC/ESI–MS/MS analysis. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood, and the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed.

Results
In Chinese Han participants, only IDO2 had SNPs R248W and Y359X that affected IDO activity, as determined by the serum Kyn/Trp ratio. IDO1 and IDO2 mRNA levels were inversely related in TB patients and healthy controls.

Conclusions
IDO2 SNPs and the opposite expression pattern of IDO1 and IDO2 affected IDO activity in Chinese Han TB patients.
Quantitative urine proteomics in pregnant women for the identification of predictive biomarkers for preeclampsia
Authors: Joenväärä Sakari , Holm Matilda , Saraswat Mayank , Agarwal Rahul , Tohmola Tiialotta , Kajantie Eero , Räikkönen Katri , Laivuori Hannele , Villa Pia M. , Hämäläinen Esa , Renkonen Risto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening disease characterized by elevated blood pressure and proteinuria. Predictive biomarkers of PE are needed, especially those predicting PE in early pregnancy. The aim of this pilot study was to identify urine proteins that could be candidates for new non-invasive markers for PE.

Methods
Urine samples at three time points of pregnancy (12–14, 18–20 and 26–28 weeks of gestation) were prospectively collected from high-risk women who subsequently developed PE (n = 7), high-risk women who did not develop PE (n = 6), and women without known risk factors for PE (n = 4). The samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry and we subsequently quantified 361 proteins used for further analysis. Rigorous statistical analysis with multiple methods was performed to identify biomarker candidates.

Results
Of the clinical risk factors analyzed, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMIBP) was found to be the most important predictor of PE. We identified multiple proteins that correlated with BMIBP and could improve the prediction of PE in combination with BMIBP. Other statistical analyses identified six proteins that each could differentiate women who subsequently developed PE from those who did not at all three time points.

Conclusions
We identified multiple urine proteins that could be used to predict PE in combination with BMIBP. We also identified six proteins that are strong candidates for predicting PE already in early pregnancy.
Axon guidance molecules in immunometabolic diseases
Authors: Nakanishi Yoshimitsu , Kang Sujin , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe global prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, is rapidly increasing and has now reached epidemic proportions. Chronic tissue inflammation is a characteristic of these metabolic diseases, indicating that immune responses are closely involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying immunometabolic crosstalk in these diseases are not completely understood. Recent studies have revealed the multifaceted functions of semaphorins, originally identified as axon guidance molecules, in regulating tissue inflammation and metabolic disorders, thereby highlighting the functional coupling between semaphorin signaling and immunometabolism. In this review, we explore how semaphorin signaling transcends beyond merely guiding axons to controlling immune responses and metabolic diseases.
An environmental scan of one health preparedness and response: the case of the Covid-19 pandemic in Rwanda
Authors: Igihozo Gloria , Henley Phaedra , Ruckert Arne , Karangwa Charles , Habimana Richard , Manishimwe Rosine , Ishema Leandre , Carabin Hélène , Wiktorowicz Mary E. , Labonté Ronald 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Over the past decade, 70% of new and re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks in East Africa have originated from the Congo Basin where Rwanda is located. To respond to these increasing risks of disastrous outbreaks, the government began integrating One Health (OH) into its infectious disease response systems in 2011 to strengthen its preparedness and contain outbreaks. The strong performance of Rwanda in responding to the on-going COVID-19 pandemic makes it an excellent example to understand how the structure and principles of OH were applied during this unprecedented situation.

Methods
A rapid environmental scan of published and grey literature was conducted between August and December 2020, to assess Rwanda’s OH structure and its response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 132 documents including official government documents, published research, newspaper articles, and policies were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Rwanda’s OH structure consists of multidisciplinary teams from sectors responsible for human, animal, and environmental health. The country has developed OH strategic plans and policies outlining its response to zoonotic infections, integrated OH into university curricula to develop a OH workforce, developed multidisciplinary rapid response teams, and created decentralized laboratories in the animal and human health sectors to strengthen surveillance. To address COVID-19, the country created a preparedness and response plan before its onset, and a multisectoral joint task force was set up to coordinate the response to the pandemic. By leveraging its OH structure, Rwanda was able to rapidly implement a OH-informed response to COVID-19.

Conclusion
Rwanda’s integration of OH into its response systems to infectious diseases and to COVID-19 demonstrates the importance of applying OH principles into the governance of infectious diseases at all levels. Rwanda exemplifies how preparedness and response to outbreaks and pandemics can be strengthened through multisectoral collaboration mechanisms. We do expect limitations in our findings due to the rapid nature of our environmental scan meant to inform the COVID-19 policy response and would encourage a full situational analysis of OH in Rwanda’s Coronavirus response.
Project risk management in Iranian small construction firms
Authors: Amani Nima , Safarzadeh Keyvan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to evaluate RM in small projects in Iran using identification of status, barriers, and the impact of RM on project performance. In this study, theoretical foundations and research literature were first developed through library, and then a questionnaire about these variables was designed and distributed among a number of experts in the active construction companies. Data were collected from 40 projects submitted by 25 experts from 5 executive companies. According to the studies, 10 barriers are identified as major obstacles to RM implementation in such projects, prioritized as follows: (1) lack of potential benefits, (2) not economical, (3) lack of time, (4) lack of budget, (5) lack of knowledge, (6) lack of government legislation, (7) lack of manpower, (8) low profit margin, (9) complexity of analytical tools, and (10) competition among SMCs. The findings of this research can provide an in-depth understanding of RM in small projects in Iran and make benefits of RM convincing to the participants of small projects.
Association between a history of clinical depression and dementia, and the role of sociodemographic factors: population-based cohort study
Authors: Korhonen Kaarina , Tarkiainen Lasse , Leinonen Taina , Einiö Elina , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundDepression is associated with an increased dementia risk, but the nature of the association in the long-term remains unresolved, and the role of sociodemographic factors mainly unexplored.AimsTo assess whether a history of clinical depression is associated with dementia in later life, controlling for observed sociodemographic factors and unobserved factors shared by siblings, and to test whether gender, educational level and marital status modify the association.MethodWe conducted a national cohort study of 1 616 321 individuals aged 65 years or older between 2001 and 2018 using administrative healthcare data. A history of depression was ascertained from the national hospital register in the period 15–30 years prior to dementia follow-up. We used conventional and sibling fixed-effects Cox regression models to analyse the association between a history of depression, sociodemographic factors and dementia.ResultsA history of depression was related to an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.27 (95% CI 1.23–1.31) for dementia in the conventional Cox model and of 1.55 (95% CI 1.09–2.20) in the sibling fixed-effects model. Depression was related to an elevated dementia risk similarly across all levels of education (test for interaction, P = 0.84), but the association was weaker for the widowed than for the married (P = 0.003), and stronger for men than women (P = 0.006). The excess risk among men attenuated following covariate adjustment (P = 0.10).DiscussionThis study shows that a history of depression is consistently associated with later-life dementia risk. The results support the hypothesis that depression is an aetiological risk factor for dementia.
A randomized phase III trial of mFOLFOX7 or CapeOX plus bevacizumab versus 5-FU/l-LV or capecitabine plus bevacizumab as initial therapy in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: JCOG1018 study (RESPECT).
Authors: Hamaguchi Tetsuya , Takashima Atsuo , Mizusawa Junki , Shimada Yasuhiro , Nagashima Fumio , Ando Masahiko , Ojima Hitoshi , Denda Tadamichi , Watanabe Jun , Shinozaki Katsunori , Baba Hideo , Asayama Masako , Fukushima Tadao , Masuishi Toshiki , Nakata Ken , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Katayama Hiroshi , Nakamura Kenichi , Fukuda Haruhiko , Kanemitsu Yukihide ,   Colorectal Cancer Study Group in Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG)
Published: January 2022

10 Background: It is uncertain if the addition of oxaliplatin (OX) to fluoropyrimidine plus bevacizumab (BEV) is suitable as initial therapy in elderly patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). Therefore, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to confirm the superiority of the addition of OX in terms of progression-free survival (PFS). This JCOG trial was originally planned as a paralell study with NCCTG, but the NCCTG trial was terminated early. Methods: Key eligibility criteria included unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer, and histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma, aged 70-74 with PS 2 or 75 or older with ECOG PS 0-2. Eligible pts were randomized (1:1) to either no addition of OX or addition. Whether using 5-FU+levoleucovorin calcium (5-FU/ l-LV) or capecitabine (CAPE) was declared before study entry; options included 5-FU/ l-LV+BEV (C), CAPE+BEV (D), mFOLFOX7+BEV (E), or CapeOX+BEV (F). 5-FU/ l-LV regimen omitted bolus 5-FU from the original sLV5FU regimen. The dose of CAPE was adjusted by estimated creatinine clearance. The primary endpoint was PFS. The planned sample size was 250 pts in total to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.75, with a one-sided alpha of 5% and 70% power. The decision rule is that the primary endpoint is met, and the point estimate of HR of overall survival (OS) is less than 0.8. Results: Between Sep 2012 and Mar 2019, 251 pts were randomized. 125 pts were allocated to no addition of OX and 126 pts to addition. Median age was 79, aged 70-74/75-79/80-84/85+:5%/45%/37%/13%, PS 0/1/2:53%/39%/7%. Of 251 pts, 241 pts had PFS events and 223 pts had OS events. Median PFS (mPFS) was 9.4 months (M) (95%CI 8.3–10.3) in no addition of OX and 10.0M (9.0–11.2) in addition (HR 0.837, 90.5%CI [0.673–1.042], one-sided p = 0.086). Median OS was 21.3M (18.7-24.3) in no addition and 19.7M (15.5–25.5) in addition of OX (HR 1.054 [0.810–1.372]). Response rate was 29.5% (21.2-38.8) in no addition of OX and 47.7% (38.1-57.5) in addition. Proportion of pts whose EQ-5D scores improved from baseline to post-treatment in overall score did not differ (odds ratio 0.94 (0.51-1.75)). The deaths of 1 pt in no addition of OX and in 3 pts in addition were deemed treatment-related. Conclusions: The addition of OX has no survival benefit over no addition. OX was not recommended for elderly MCRC pts as initial therapy. Clinical trial information: UMIN000008866.[Table: see text]
Options beyond BRAF targeted therapy in second-line treatment of patients with BRAFV600E mutant (BRAFmt) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
Authors: Wong Vanessa , Hong Wei , Ananda Sumitra , Dunn Catherine , Wong Rachel , To Yat Hang , Burge Matthew E. , Nott Louise M. , Tie Jeanne , Shapiro Jeremy David , Jennens Ross , Khattak Muhammad Adnan , Roohullah Aflah , Gibbs Peter 
Published: January 2022

47 Background: BRAFmt is a negative prognostic factor in mCRC but also identifies a patient population that may benefit from BRAF targeted therapy. Results from recent trials (BEACON and SWOG1406) demonstrate improved survival outcomes in second- and third-line settings when combining a BRAF inhibitor, an EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi) +/- a MEK inhibitor. In both trials, irinotecan and cetuximab was the control arm with a dismal response rate of 2-4% and progression free survival (PFS) of only 2 months. This suggests chemotherapy plus an EGFRi may not be the optimal approach where BRAF-targeted therapies are not available or have failed. Methods: Data from July 2009 to September 2021 was analysed from TRACC, a multi-site Australian mCRC comprehensive prospective registry enrolling consecutive patients. Patient characteristics, treatment and survival outcomes were examined for patients treated with chemotherapy (CT) alone, with bevacizumab (BEV) or with an EGFRi. Results: Of 2046 registry patients, 256 (13%) harboured a BRAFmt. 72 BRAFmt patients had received second-line (28%) treatment, including CT alone (n = 28), CT plus BEV (n = 26), and CT plus EGFRi (n = 18). Baseline characteristics are shown in the table. Median second-line PFS was 3.3, 4.7 and 1.8 months, for CT alone, CT plus BEV and CT plus EGFRi respectively. Median overall survival (OS) was 8.7, 7.9 and 2.5 months respectively. In multivariate analysis, PFS when treated with CT plus EGFRi trended inferior to CT alone (p = 0.054) and CT plus BEV (p = 0.061), whereas for OS, treatment with CT plus EGFRi was inferior to CT alone (p = 0.038) and CT plus BEV (p = 0.015). Poor PFS was associated with age ≥ 65 years (HR 3.03, p < 0.001) and ECOG ≥ 2 (HR 2.62, p = 0.004), but not associated with a right side primary (p = 0.17), mismatch repair (MMR) status (p = 0.86), or ≥ 3 organs with metastases (p = 0.32). Poor OS was associated with age ≥ 65 years (HR 3.11, p < 0.001), ECOG ≥ 2 (HR 7.32, p < 0.001), right side primary (HR 3.03, p = 0.002) and proficient MMR status (HR 3.57, p = 0.018), but not associated with ≥ 3 organs with metastases (p = 0.17). Conclusions: Less than one-third of BRAFmt mCRC patients received second-line therapy in a real-world setting, indicating an urgency to explore activity of BRAF targeted therapy in the first line setting. Treated patients received limited benefit, with CT plus EGFRi PFS outcomes comparable to BEACON control arm (1.8 vs 2.0 months) and trending inferior to other options. The best OS outcomes were achieved with CT alone or CT plus BEV.[Table: see text]
Determining frequency and reasons associated to refusal of colorectal cancer screening at a reference center in Mexico.
Authors: Meneses Medina Mónica Isabel , Anaya Sanchez Luis Guillermo , Hernandez-Felix Jorge Humberto , Torres Valdiviezo Lucero Itzel , Rosas Camargo Vanessa , Cedro-Tanda Alberto , Uscanga Dominguez Luis Federico , Lajous Martin , Valdovinos Aldaca Francisco , Sierra Reynerio Fagundo , Noguez-Ramos Alejandro , Huitzil Melendez Fidel David 
Published: January 2022

67 Background: in Mexico, Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death, yet population-based screening programs are lacking. In our center, a cohort was created to validate a risk calculator to detect advanced colorectal neoplasia, and to understand barriers to implement a CRC screening program. We aimed to determine frequency and reasons associated to rejection of CRC screening in our population. Methods: from August 2019 to March 2020 (early close owing to COVID-19 pandemic) asymptomatic individuals between 50 and 75 years-old with standard-risk for CRC, without previous screening for CRC, from the outpatient internal medicine clinic at a tertiary care center in Mexico City, received standardized information on the importance of CRC screening and were invited to perform both Fecal Immunochemical Test and a screening colonoscopy within a clinical study at no cost. Individuals who rejected participation were given a 10-item questionnaire to select reasons for refusal, as many items as applied. Here we present two groups: 1) individuals who refused to receive information and to perform screening studies, and 2) individuals who refused to participate after receiving information. Results: 162 patients were invited to participate, 77 (47%) refused: 48 rejected immediately (group 1) and provided 51 reasons, and 29 declined after having received standardized information about CRC screening (group 2) and provided 30 reasons. Demographics for 77 patients were: 54 (70.1%) women, median age 66 (IQR 58-71) years. Main reasons for rejection in both groups were: “I do not have time” in 24 (29.6%) times, “I am not interested” in 23 (28.4%) times, and “I am scared” in 14 (17.3%) times (Table). Conclusions: in our cohort, we identified that nearly half of the population invited to participate in a CRC screening program refused. Main reasons were lack of time, lack of interest and fear. This may translate poor understanding on the importance of measures to prevent CRC, and absence of education programs to recall its importance. In order to increment participation in CRC screening, education and awareness campaigns should be implemented.[Table: see text]