bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seventy years of bariatric surgery: A systematic mapping review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rives‐Lange Claire , Rassy Nathalie , Carette Claire , Phan Aurelie , Barsamian Charles , Thereaux Jeremie , Moszkowicz David , Poghosyan Tigran , Czernichow Sebastien 
Published: January 2022

SummaryWhile research publications on bariatric surgery (BS) have grown significantly over the past decade, there is no mapping of the existing body of evidence on this field of research. We performed a systematic review followed by a mapping of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in BS for people with obesity. From January 2020 to December 2020, we performed a systematic review of RCTs evaluating BS, versus another surgical procedure, or versus a medical control group, through a search of Embase and PubMed. There was no restriction on outcomes for study selection. A total of 114 RCTs were included, most (73.7%) of which were based on a comparison with Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and conducted between 2010 and 2020. Only 15% of the trials were multicenter and few (3.5%) were international. The median number of patients enrolled was 61 (interquartile range [IQR]: 47.3–100). Follow‐up time was 1 to 2 years in 36% and 22.8% of the trials, respectively. Weight loss was the most studied criterion (87% of RCTs), followed by obesity‐related diseases, and medical and surgical complications (73%, 54%, and 47% of RCTs, respectively). Nutritional deficiency frequency, body composition, and mental health were little studied (20%, 18% and 5% of RCTs, respectively). Our literature review revealed that much research in BS is wasted because of replication of RCTs on subjects for which there is already body of evidence, with small populations and follow‐up times mostly below 2 years. Yet several research questions remain unaddressed, and there are few long‐term trials. Future studies should take into account the experience of the past 70 years of research in this field.
CO‐DESIGN‐ing a morecontext‐based, pluralistic, and participatory future for public administration
Authors: Schwoerer Kayla , Keppeler Florian , Mussagulova Assel , Puello Stephanie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPublic administration (PA) increasingly faces new and emerging challenges. To address such challenges, researchers can work collaboratively with practitioners to identify and tackle the most pressing issues. Yet, intentionally establishing an ongoing dialogue not only between researchers and practitioners but between researchers, practitioners, and the communities that PA scholarship and practice are intended to impact can enhance all stakeholders' understanding of complex social problems and improve solutions. Forms of participatory and context‐based research such as this are called many things across disciplines, but PA has yet to embrace such approaches fully. Thus, we introduce a framework entitled CO‐DESIGN, intended to illustrate the process of advancing PA research through the co‐production of knowledge between researchers, practitioners, and communities. Additionally, it serves as an acronym outlining eight focal areas we argue the co‐production of knowledge can help advance. We discuss the CO‐DESIGN process and agenda, including its implications for the field.
Model Studies on the Photoreduction of the 5‐Hydroxy‐5,6‐dihydrothymine and 5‐Methyl‐2‐pyrimidone Moieties of (6‐4) Photoproducts by Photolyase†
Authors: Rodríguez‐Muñiz Gemma M. , Miranda Miguel A. , Lhiaubet‐Vallet Virginie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhotorepair mechanism of (6‐4) photoproducts (6‐4PP) by photolyase has been the subject of active debate over the years. The initial rationalization based on electron transfer to an oxetane or azetidine intermediate formed upon binding to the enzyme has been questioned, and there is now a more general consensus that the lesion is directly reduced from the excited flavin cofactor. However, the accepting moiety, i.e. the 5‐methyl‐2‐pyrimidone or 5‐hydroxy‐5,6‐dihydrothymine, has not been fully identified yet. In this work, spectroscopic experiments have been run to determine which of the 5′‐ or 3′‐base of 6‐4PP is more prone to be reduced. For this aim, the two building blocks of 6‐4PP were synthesized and used as electron acceptors. Instead of the short‐lived photolyase cofactor, which does not provide a time window compatible with diffusion‐controlled intermolecular processes, carbazole, 2‐methoxynaphthalene and phenanthrene have been selected as electron donors due to their appropriate singlet lifetimes and reduction potentials. Steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence revealed that, in solution, the pyrimidone chromophore is the most easily reduced moiety. This was confirmed by transient absorption experiments consisting of quenching of the solvated electron by the two moieties of 6‐4PP.
Involvement of Type‐I and Type‐II Photodynamic Reactions in Photosensitization of Fragrance Ingredient 2‐acetonaphthone
Authors: Chandra Sonam , Qureshi Saba , Chopra Deepti , Dwivedi Ashish , Ray Ratan Singh 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT2‐Acetonaphthone (2‐ACN) is a synthetic fragrance material used in various cosmetics as an adulterant. Due to its frequent use, we have conducted an in‐depth study to understand the photosensitizing potential of 2‐ACN. Results of this study illustrate that 2‐ACN showed photodegradation in 4 h under ambient UV radiation (UVR) and sunlight exposure. It generated (1–25 µg mL−1) superoxide anion radical (O2·–) and singlet oxygen (1O2) in the presence of UVR/sunlight through in chemico and in vitro test systems. 2‐ACN (10 µg mL−1) showed a 43.9% and 57.4% reduction in cell viability under UVA and sunlight, respectively. Photosensitized 2‐ACN generated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (6‐folds in UVA and 8‐folds in sunlight), which compromises the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial membrane potential leading to cell death. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining and annexin‐V/PI uptake showed cell death caused via 2‐ACN under UVR exposure. The above findings signify the role of ROS via Type‐I and Type‐II photodynamic pathways in photosensitization of 2‐ACN that ultimately promotes photodamage of important cellular organelles leading to cell death. The study advocates that solar radiation should be avoided by the users after the application of cosmetic products containing 2‐ACN.
Vaginal washing behaviour and fecundability among Kenyan women in a prospective preconception cohort
Authors: Lokken Erica M. , Pulei Anne , Oyaro Brenda , Nyaigero Maureen , Jaoko Walter , Mandaliya Kishor , Kinuthia John , McClelland R. Scott 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntravaginal washing, practised by a significant proportion of women globally, is associated with acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis (BV). A single prior study among women in the United States found that vaginal washing was associated with lower fecundability.ObjectiveTo examine the association between vaginal washing and fecundability among Kenyan women.MethodsHIV‐negative Kenyan women who were trying to conceive and reported no history of infertility care‐seeking were followed prospectively for incident pregnancy for up to six months. At monthly visits, participants reported the first day of last menstrual period, sexual behaviour, vaginal washing behaviour, underwent pregnancy testing and provided vaginal swabs for detection of BV by Gram stain (Nugent score ≥7). Discrete time proportional probability models were used to estimate fecundability ratio (FR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) comparing menstrual cycles when women reported vaginal washing to menstrual cycles when no vaginal washing was reported.ResultsFour hundred and fifty‐eight women contributed 1,376 menstrual cycles and 255 pregnancies. At enrolment, a third (35.2%, 161 of 458) of participants reported vaginal washing with the majority using water only (73.9%, 119 of 161). After adjustment for age, frequency of unprotected intercourse and study site, vaginal washing in the prior four weeks was associated with a 29% lower fecundability (adjusted FR [aFR] 0.71, 95% CI 0.53, 0.94), which did not change after further adjustment for BV at the visit prior to each pregnancy test (aFR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54, 0.95).ConclusionsPericonceptual vaginal washing may reduce fecundability. Potential mechanisms include vaginal washing‐associated changes in the vaginal microbiota, inflammation, disruption of cervical mucus and effects on sperm function. Vaginal washing has no known health benefits, and cessation may improve women's likelihood of conceiving.
Meta‐analysis and validation of genomic loci governing seedling and reproductive stage salinity tolerance in rice
Authors: Prakash Nitish Ranjan , Lokeshkumar Byragondlu M. , Rathor Suman , Warraich Arvinder Singh , Yadav Satyendra , Vinaykumar Nagenahalli M. , Dushynthkumar Banur M. , Krishnamurthy Saraswathipura L. , Sharma Parbodh C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIdentification of concurrent genomic regions contributing tolerance to salinity at the seedling and reproductive stages were done using 45 quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies reporting 915 individual QTLs. The QTL‐data were used to perform a meta‐analysis to predict, validate and analyze the Meta‐QTLs governing component traits contributing to salinity tolerance. We predicted a total of 65 and 49 Meta‐QTLs distributed across the genome governing seedling and reproductive stage salinity tolerance, respectively. Salinity stress (EC ~10.0 dSm−1) was evaluated in a set of 32 genotypes grown hydroponically, from these eight extreme (highly tolerant and highly susceptible) genotypes were selected for validation of significant Meta‐QTLs. Another set of eight previously known and reported (highly tolerant and highly susceptible) genotypes were evaluated under saline micro plot conditions (EC ~8.0 dSm−1) and used for validation of significant Meta‐QTLs for reproductive stage salinity tolerance. The microsatellite marker “RM5635” linked to MSQTL4.2 (~295.43 kb) was able to clearly differentiate contrasting genotypes for seedling stage salinity tolerance, whereas at the reproductive stage, none of the markers were able to validate the predicted Meta‐QTL for salinity tolerance. Earlier reported, gene expression studies were used for candidate gene analysis of validated MSQTL4.2, which indicated the down regulation of Os04g0423100, a gene encoding Mono‐oxygenase‐FAD binding domain containing protein. The traits associated with this Meta‐QTL were root and shoot sodium and potassium concentration and leaf chlorophyll content. The identified and validated genomic region assumes a great significant role in seedling stage salinity tolerance in rice, and it can be used for marker‐assisted backcross breeding programs.
Nonprofit Density and Distributional Equity in Public Service Provision: Exploring Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Public Park Access across U.S. Cities
Authors: Cheng Yuan (Daniel) , Yang Lang (Kate) , Deng Shuyi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExisting research on the distributional impacts of nonprofits and philanthropy focuses on how different groups directly benefit from nonprofit service providers. Given the increasing roles nonprofits play in public service provision and urban governance, it is critical to examine how the nonprofit sector may influence the distribution of public services. Combining the literature from urban affairs and nonprofit studies, we propose a theoretical framework to articulate various pathways through which communities with a larger nonprofit sector may create favorable conditions for public services to be distributed to certain racial–ethnic groups. We further test this framework using a unique geospatial dataset of public park access by different racial–ethnic groups in 2,392 U.S. cities. Our findings indicate that communities with a higher density of park‐supporting nonprofits generate better park access for all racial–ethnic groups. However, more benefits accrue to whites than to other racial–ethnic groups.
ABO blood group does not influence the level of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in convalescent plasma donors
Authors: Žiberna Klemen , Jež Mojca , Jazbec Katerina , Mali Polonca , Potokar Urška Rahne , Rožman Primož 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe association of the ABO blood group with COVID‐19 disease has been confirmed by several studies, with the blood group A patients being more susceptible and prone to a more severe clinical course of the disease. Additionally, several authors also addressed the association of ABO‐types and the levels of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in convalescents, mostly supporting a theory that the non‐O blood group convalescents present with higher levels of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies.Study Design and MethodsSince previous findings were based on small convalescent cohorts, we quantified the anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels in a total of 3187 convalescent plasma donors with three commercial serological and one standard neutralizing antibody test. The majority of donors had undergone a mild form of the disease and the median time of sampling was 66 days after diagnosis.ResultsNone of the antibody quantitation results showed any significant association with the ABO blood group types. The same result was evident in the subgroup of vaccinated individuals (n = 370) and the subgroups when stratified according to post‐COVID‐19 periods (0–60, 60–120, and 120–180 days).ConclusionIn conclusion, we found no evidence to confirm that the ABO blood group types influence the level of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response in COVID‐19 convalescent plasma donors.
Cardiac rehabilitation program: An exploration of patient experiences and perspectives on program dropout
Authors: Lee Monica , Wood Timothy , Chan Sammy , Marziali Elsa , Tang Tricia , Banner Davina , Lear Scott A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) are effective evidence‐based secondary prevention programs that reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, participation remains suboptimal, resulting in under‐treatment and greater risk for recurrent cardiac events. Understanding the reasons behind CRP dropout is urgently needed to inform the development of programs that best meet patient needs and support sustained engagement.AimsThe aim of this study was to identify and understand factors impacting CRP dropout from the patient perspective.MethodsA qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews was undertaken to examine the experience of 23 patients who dropped out of a CRP within a large urban hospital in British Columbia, Canada. Data were coded, analyzed using the constant comparison technique, and organized thematically.ResultsParticipants described multiple challenges when attempting to complete CRP. Analysis of the data led to the identification of three main categories: (1) challenges living with CVD, (2) perceived advantages and disadvantages of CRP, and (3) unmet needs during CRP.Linking evidence to actionIn the practice setting, assessment of readiness to engage in CRP, alongside patient preferences and engagement needs, should be undertaken for maximum CRP uptake and completion. Providing diverse modes of CRP delivery, along with exploring the impact of virtual options as compared to traditional in‐person programs, will further advance the CRP evidence and may help address pervasive access barriers.
Development of the gut microbiome in early life
Authors: Ahearn‐Ford Sinead , Berrington Janet E. , Stewart Christopher J. 
Published: January 2022

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
The importance of the early life gut microbiome, with a focus on preterm infants and microbially related diseases. Current techniques to study the preterm gut microbiome are appraised, and the potential of recent methodological advancements is discussed.

What advances does it highlight?
Recent findings in the field achieved by the application of advanced technologies, the applicability of intestinally derived organoid models to study host–microbiome interactions in the preterm gut, and recent developments in enhancing the physiological relevance of such models. Preterm intestinally derived organoids may provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying preterm disease, as well as diagnosis and treatment opportunities. These models have huge translational potential, offering a step towards precision medicine.

AbstractAccumulating evidence affirms the importance of the gut microbiome in both health and disease. In early life, there exists a critical period in which the composition of gut microbes is particularly malleable and subject to a wide range of influencing factors. Disturbances to microbial communities during this time may be beneficial or detrimental to short and long‐term health outcomes. For infants born prematurely, naïve immune systems, immature gastrointestinal tracts and additional clinical needs put this population at high risk of abnormal microbial colonisation, resulting in increased susceptibility to diseases including necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and late‐onset sepsis (LOS). Traditional cell culture methods, gnotobiotic animals, molecular sequencing techniques (16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics) and advanced ‘omics’ technologies (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) have been fundamental in exploring the associations between diet, gut microbes, microbial functions and disease. Despite significant investment and ongoing research efforts, prevention and treatment strategies in NEC and LOS remain limited. Recent endeavours have focused on searching for new, more physiologically relevant models to simulate the preterm intestine. Preterm intestinally derived organoids represent a promising in vitro approach in the study of host–microbiome interactions in the preterm infant gut, offering new and exciting possibilities in this field.
Myths and methodologies: The use of equivalence and non‐inferiority tests for interventional studies in exercise physiology and sport science
Authors: Mazzolari Raffaele , Porcelli Simone , Bishop David J. , Lakens Daniël 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExercise physiology and sport science have traditionally made use of the null hypothesis of no difference to make decisions about experimental interventions. In this article, we aim to review current statistical approaches typically used by exercise physiologists and sport scientists for the design and analysis of experimental interventions and to highlight the importance of including equivalence and non‐inferiority studies, which address different research questions from deciding whether an effect is present. Initially, we briefly describe the most common approaches, along with their rationale, to investigate the effects of different interventions. We then discuss the main steps involved in the design and analysis of equivalence and non‐inferiority studies, commonly performed in other research fields, with worked examples from exercise physiology and sport science scenarios. Finally, we provide recommendations to exercise physiologists and sport scientists who would like to apply the different approaches in future research. We hope this work will promote the correct use of equivalence and non‐inferiority designs in exercise physiology and sport science whenever the research context, conditions, applications, researchers’ interests or reasonable beliefs justify these approaches.
Correlations for the Performance, Efficiency, and Energy Losses for Single Cylinder, Four-Cycle Internal Combustion Engines With Displaced Volumes Ranging From 40 to 200 cc
Authors: Blantin Jason R. , Polanka Marc D. , Ausserer Joseph K. , Baranski Jacob A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFive commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) engines ranging from 40 to 200 cc were tested as potential power plants for Group Two RPAs. The maximum brake power ranged from 1.8 to 5.0 kW. Of the five engines, two were designed for hobby aircraft (similar in size to Group Two RPAs) while the other three were designed for powered equipment applications. These five engines were run at WOT through their respective operating speed ranges to develop energy balances, specifically quantifying the split of energy between brake power, cooling load, exhaust enthalpy, and incomplete combustion. Using the energy balance data, general correlations for BMEP and fuel conversion efficiency as functions of displaced volume were generated to compare with previous two stroke engine results. Furthermore parametric studies capturing the effects of throttle setting, combustion phasing, cylinder head temperature, and equivalence ratio on the peak BMEP and fuel conversion efficiency were performed. The study data was used to develop normalized correlations to predict peak brake power, incomplete combustion, exhaust enthalpy, and cooling load as normalized deltas from the baseline condition. These correlations can be used to help engine designers understand the effect of these parameters for four stroke engines in the size class of 40–200 cc.
Bayesian Calibration of Performance Degradation in a Gas Turbine-Driven Compressor Unit for Prognosis Health Management
Authors: Wei Tingting , van Beek Anton , Hao Jiarui , Zhang Huisheng , Chen Wei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Prognosis health management is an effective way to improve the operational safety and economy of industrial equipment. The development of an accurate and quick response model to monitor equipment health status, predict performance, and diagnose faults is key to its implementation. However, the inevitable performance degradation of industrial equipment over time poses a significant challenge to such a model. In this work, we adopt a Bayesian approach to calibrate thermodynamic simulations with time-dependent parameters that account for performance degradation. The relationship between degradation and time is modeled through an assumed functional form, referred to as a health indicator. The proposed health indicator calibration method gives a rapid assessment of degraded equipment performance and elucidates how degradation relates to time. The novelty of this paper is that it regards performance degradation as an uncertainty quantification problem rather than a deterministic problem. The health indicator calibration method is validated on a natural gas compressor and a gas turbine. The results show that when severe degradation occurs, functional calibration improves predictive performance over nonfunctional calibration (i.e., independent of time). The introduced method provides valuable decision support to extend the service life and reduce maintenance costs for industrial equipment. Its feedback in operation can also develop the service assessment criteria and inform the design of subsequent generations of industrial equipment.