bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sputnik-V reactogenicity and immunogenicity in the blood and mucosa: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yegorov Sergey , Kadyrova Irina , Negmetzhanov Baurzhan , Kolesnikova Yevgeniya , Kolesnichenko Svetlana , Korshukov Ilya , Baiken Yeldar , Matkarimov Bakhyt , Miller Matthew S. , Hortelano Gonzalo H. , Babenko Dmitriy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSputnik-V (Gam-COVID-Vac) is a heterologous, recombinant adenoviral (rAdv) vector-based, COVID-19 vaccine now used in >70 countries. Yet there is a shortage of data on this vaccine’s performance in diverse populations. Here, we performed a prospective cohort study to assess the reactogenicity and immunologic outcomes of Sputnik-V vaccination in a multiethnic cohort from Kazakhstan.MethodsCOVID-19-free participants (n=82 at baseline) were followed at day 21 after Sputnik-V dose 1 (rAd5) and dose 2 (rAd26). Self-reported local and systemic adverse events were captured using questionnaires. Blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected to perform SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic and immunologic assays.FindingsOf the 73 and 70 participants retained post-dose 1 and 2, respectively, most (>50%) reported mild-to-moderate injection site or systemic reactions to vaccination; no severe or potentially life-threatening conditions were reported. dose 1 appeared to be more reactogenic than dose 2, with fatigue and headache more frequent in participants with prior COVID-19 exposure. After dose 2 nausea was more common in subjects without prior COVID-19. The combined S-IgG and S-IgA seroconversion rate was 97% post-dose 1, remaining the same post-dose 2. The proportion of participants with detectable virus neutralization titers was 83% post-dose 1’, and increased to 98% post-dose 2’, with the largest relative increase observed in participants without prior COVID-19 exposure. Nasal S-IgG and S-IgA increased post-dose 1, while the boosting effect of dose 2 on mucosal S-IgG, but not S-IgA, was only observed in subjects without prior COVID-19. Systemically, vaccination reduced serum levels of growth regulated oncogene (GRO), which correlated with an elevation in blood platelet count.InterpretationSputnik-V dose 1 elicited both blood and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 immunity, while the immune boosting effect of dose 2 was minimal, suggesting that adjustments to the current vaccine dosing regimen may be necessary to optimize immunization efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Although Sputnik-V appears to have a reactogenicity profile similar to that of other COVID-19 vaccines, the observed alterations to the GRO/platelet axis call for further investigation of Sputnik V effects on systemic immunology.FundingMinistry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Validation of diagnostic nomograms based on CE-MS urinary biomarkers to distinguish clinically significant prostate cancer
Authors: Frantzi Maria , Heidegger Isabel , Roesch Marie C. , Gomez-Gomez Enrique , Steiner Eberhard , Vlahou Antonia , Mullen William , Guler Ipek , Merseburger Axel S. , Mischak Harald , Culig Zoran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, a significant proportion of PCa are low risk PCa which do not require an active treatment due to its low mortality rates. Thus, one major issue in PCa management is to accurately distinguish between indolent and clinically significant (cs) PCa to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment. In this study, we aim to validate the performance of diagnostic nomograms (DN) based on previously published urinary biomarkers for discriminating csPCa.Patients and MethodsCapillary electrophoresis/ mass spectrometry has been employed to validate a published biomarker model based on 19 urinary peptides specific for csPCa. Added value of the 19-biomarker model (19-BM) was assessed in diagnostic nomograms including prostate specific antigen (PSA), PSA density and the risk calculator from The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). For this purpose, urine samples from 147 PCa patients (including 80 low, 44 intermediate and 17 high risk patients) were collected prior to prostate biopsy. The 19-BM score was calculated via a support vector machine-based software based on the pre-defined cut-off criterion of -0.07. DNs were subsequently developed to assess added value of integrative diagnostics.ResultsIndependent validation of the 19-BM resulted in 87% sensitivity and 65% specificity, with an AUC of 0.81, outperforming PSA (AUCPSA:0.64), PSA density (AUCPSAD: 0.64) and ERSPC-3/4 risk calculator (0.67). Integration of 19-BM with the other clinical variables into distinct DN, resulted in improved (AUC range: 0.82-0.88) but not significantly better performance compared to 19-BM alone.Conclusions19-BM alone or combined with clinical variables into DN, demonstrated value for detecting csPCa, and decreasing the number of biopsies.
Causal Effects Contributing to Elevated Metabolic Power During Walking in Children Diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Gill Pavreet K. , Steele Katherine M. , Donelan J. Maxwell , Schwartz Michael H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetabolic power (net energy consumed while walking per unit time) is, on average, two-to-three times greater in children with cerebral palsy (CP) than their typically developing peers, contributing to greater physical fatigue, lower levels of physical activity and greater risk of cardiovascular disease. The goal of this project was to identify the total causal effects of clinical factors that may contribute to high metabolic power demand in children with CP.We included children who 1) visited Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare for a quantitative gait assessment after the year 2000, 2) were formally diagnosed with CP, 3) were classified as level I-III under the Gross Motor Function Classification System and 4) were 18 years old or younger. We created a structural causal model that specified the assumed relationships of a child’s gait pattern (i.e., gait deviation index, GDI) and common impairments (i.e., dynamic and selective motor control, strength, and spasticity) with metabolic power. We estimated causal effects using Bayesian additive regression trees, adjusting for factors identified by the causal model.There were 2157 children who met our criteria. We found that a child’s gait pattern, as summarized by the GDI, affected metabolic power approximately twice as much as the next largest contributor. Selective motor control, dynamic motor control, and spasticity had the next largest effects. Among the factors we considered, strength had the smallest effect on metabolic power.Our results suggest that children with CP may benefit more from treatments that improve their gait pattern and motor control than treatments that improve spasticity or strength.
Germline TYK2 mutation and cancer risk
Authors: Yarmolinsky James , Amos Christopher I. , Hung Rayjean J. , Moreno Victor , Burrows Kimberley , Smith-Byrne Karl , Atkins Joshua R. , Brennan Paul ,   Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR),   Colorectal Cancer Transdisciplinary study (CORECT),   Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO),   Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium, McKay James D. , Martin Richard M. , Smith George Davey 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeucravacitinib, a novel, selective inhibitor of TYK2 is currently under review at the FDA and EMA for treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. It is unclear whether recent safety concerns (i.e. elevated rates of lung cancer and lymphoma) related to similar medications (i.e. other JAK inhibitors) are shared with this novel TYK2 inhibitor. We used a partial loss-of-function variant in TYK2 (rs34536443), previously shown to protect against psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases, to evaluate the potential effect of therapeutic TYK2 inhibition on risk of lung cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Summary genetic association data on lung cancer risk were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis of 29,266 cases and 56,450 controls in the Integrative Analysis of Lung Cancer Risk and Etiology (INTEGRAL) consortium. Summary genetic association data on non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis of 8,489 cases and 374,506 controls in the UK Biobank and InterLymph consortium. In the primary analysis, each copy of the minor allele of rs34536443, representing partial TYK2 inhibition, was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.07-1.24, P = 1.72 × 10-4) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05-1.33, P = 5.25 × 10-3). In secondary analyses, there was weak evidence of an association of rs34536443 with advanced prostate cancer risk (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.17, P = 0.04), but little evidence of association with three other common adult cancers examined. Our analyses using an established partial loss-of-function mutation to mimic TYK2 inhibition provide genetic evidence that therapeutic TYK2 inhibition may increase risk of lung cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These findings, consistent with recent reports from post-marketing trials of similar JAK inhibitors, could have important implications for future safety assessment of Deucravacitinib and other TYK2 inhibitors in development.
IMPACT OF WEEKNIGHT AND WEEKEND CURFEWS USING MOBILITY DATA: A CASE STUDY OF BENGALURU URBAN
Authors: Adiga Aniruddha , Athreya Siva , Marathe Madhav , Midthala Jagadish , Rathod Nihesh , Sundaresan Rajesh , Venkataramanan Srinivasan , Yasodharan Sarath 
Published: January 2022

SummaryKarnataka imposed weeknight and weekend curfews to mitigate the spread of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. We attempt to assess the impact of curfew using community mobility reports published by Google. Then, we quantify the impact of such restrictions via a simulation study. The pattern of weeknight and weekend curfew, followed by relaxations during the weekdays, seems, at best, to slow and delay the Omicron spread. The simulation outcomes suggest that Omicron eventually spreads and affects nearly as much of the population as it would have without the restrictions. Further, if Karnataka cases trajectory follows the South African Omicron wave trend and the hospitalisation is similar to that observed in well-vaccinated countries (2% of the confirmed cases), then the healthcare requirement is likely within the capacity of Bengaluru Urban when the caseload peaks, with or without the mobility restrictions. On the other hand, if Karnataka cases trajectory follows both the South African Omicron wave trend and the hospitalisation requirement observed there (6.9%), then the healthcare capacity may be exceeded at peak, with or without the mobility restrictions.
Systematically omitting indoor air quality: sub-standard guidance for shelters, group homes and long-term care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Katz Amy S. , Li Tianyuan , James LLana , Siegel Jeff , O’Campo Patricia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractScientific evidence suggests that COVID-19 is transmitted through the air, and can be mitigated using indoor air quality measures such as ventilation and filtration. We set out to explore how Public Health Ontario (PHO) responded to this evidence. PHO is mandated by legislation to share “scientific and technical advice and support” and “contribute to efforts to reduce health inequities” in Ontario, Canada, a jurisdiction of more than 14 million people (Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion Act, 2007). We were particularly interested in how PHO addressed indoor air quality measures in the context of guidance developed for communal facilities such as long-term care homes and congregate settings (e.g. shelters, group homes, detention centres). We reviewed PHO’s public, written COVID-19 guidance specifically designed for long-term care and congregate settings, and published or revised between January, 2021 and October, 2021. We also compared PHO’s COVID-19 checklists for long-term care and congregate settings to PHO’s COVID-19 checklists for schools, camps and doctor’s offices. We found no references to indoor air quality measures in any guidance documents specifically designed for long-term care and congregate settings, including COVID-19 checklists. We did, however, find references to indoor air quality measures in COVID-19 checklists for schools, summer camps and doctor’s offices. We conclude that PHO has provided sub-standard COVID-19 guidance to long-term care and congregate settings, putting workers and residents at greater risk of illness and death, and exacerbating health inequities in Ontario.
Deep Sequence Learning for Assessing Hypertension in Pregnancy from Doppler Signals
Authors: Katebi Nasim , Clifford Gari D. 
Published: January 2022

Measuring blood pressure during pregnancy is an essential component of antenatal care, and is critical for detecting adverse conditions such as pre-eclampsia. The standard approach for measuring blood pressure is via manual auscultation by a trained expert or via an oscillometric self-inflating cuff. While both methods can provide reasonably accurate blood pressure measurements when used correctly, non-expert use can lead to significant error. Moreover, such techniques are uncomfortable and can cause bruising, pain and consequential resistance to use / low compliance. In this work, we propose a low-cost onedimensional Doppler-based method for the detection of hypertension in pregnancy.Using a sample of 653 pregnant women of Mayan descent in highland Guatemala, we recorded up to 10 minutes of 1D Doppler data of the fetus, and blood pressure from both arms using an Omron M7 oscillometric cuff. A hierarchical LSTM network with attention mechanism was trained to classify hypertension in pregnancy, producing an area under the receiveroperator curve of 0.94. A projection of the data into lower dimensions indicates hypertensive cases are located at the periphery of the distribution of the output of the distribution.This work presents the first demonstration that blood pressure can be measured using Doppler (without occlusion) and may lead to a novel class of blood pressure monitors which allow rapid blood pressure estimation from multiple body locations. Moreover, the association of the predictor with the fetal blood flow indicates that hypertension in the mother has a significant effect on the fetal blood flow.
Estimation of the Lifetime Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) Lost Due to Syphilis acquired in the United States in 2018
Authors: Lee Kyueun , You Shiying , Li Yunfei , Chesson Harrell , Gift Thomas L. , Berruti Andrés A. , Hsu Katherine , Yaesoubi Reza , Salomon Joshua A. , Rönn Minttu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to estimate the health impact of syphilis in the United States in terms of the number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost attributable to infections in 2018.MethodsWe developed a Markov model which simulates the natural history and long-term sequelae of syphilis. The model was parameterized by sex (men and women), sexual orientation (women who have sex with men, men who have sex with women [MSW], and men who have sex with men [MSM]), and by age at primary infection. We developed a separate decision tree model to account for health losses due to congenital syphilis. We estimated the average lifetime number of QALYs lost per infection, and the total expected lifetime number of QALYs lost due to syphilis acquired in 2018. We performed probabilistic sensitivity analysis to account for uncertainty in the model’s estimates.FindingsWe estimated the average number of discounted lifetime QALYs lost per infection as 0.09 [0.03-0.19 95% uncertainty interval (UI)]. The QALY loss per infection was lower among MSM (0.06) than among MSW (0.15) and women (0.10). The total expected number of QALYs lost due to syphilis acquired in 2018 was 13,349 (5,071-31,360 95%UI). MSM account for 6,373 (47.7%) of the overall burden, compared to MSW (32.1%) and women (20.2%). For each case of congenital syphilis, we estimated 1.79 (1.43-2.16 95%UI) QALYs lost for the child and 0.06 (0.01-0.14 95%UI) QALYs lost for the mother. These per-case estimates correspond to 2,332 (1,871-2,825 95%UI) and 79 (17-177 95%UI) QALYs lost for children and mothers, respectively, due to congenital syphilis in 2018.ConclusionSyphilis causes substantial health losses in adults and children. Quantifying these health losses in terms of QALYs can inform cost-effectiveness analyses and can facilitate comparisons of the burden of syphilis to that of other diseases.
Connectivity dynamics and cognitive variability during aging
Authors: Jauny G. , Eustache F. , Hinault T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAging is associated by cognitive changes, with strong variations across individuals. One way to characterize this individual variability is to use techniques such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure the dynamics of neural synchronization between brain regions, and the variability of this connectivity over time. Indeed, few studies have focused on fluctuations in the dynamics of brain networks over time and their evolution with age. We therefore characterize aging effects on MEG phase synchrony in healthy young and older adults from the Cam-CAN database. Age-related changes were observed, with an increase in the variability of brain synchronization, as well as a reversal of the direction of information transfer in the default mode network (DMN), in the delta frequency band. These changes in functional connectivity were associated with cognitive decline. Results suggest that advancing age is accompanied by a functional disorganization of dynamic networks, with a loss of communication stability and a decrease in the information transmitted. This could be partly due to the loss of integrity of the network structure.
Position- and scale-invariant object-centered spatial selectivity in monkey frontoparietal cortex dynamically adapts to task demand
Authors: Taghizadeh Bahareh , Fortmann Ole , Gail Alexander 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHumans utilize egocentric and allocentric spatial information to guide goal-directed movements. Egocentric encoding is a well-known property of brain areas along the dorsal pathway. We ask if dorsal stream reach planning areas like parietal reach region (PRR) and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) also encode object-centered (allocentric) information. During two consecutive instructed delay periods, rhesus monkeys first memorized an object-relative target position and then planned a reach to this position after the object re-occurred at variable positions with potentially different size. In both areas, we find predominant object-centered encoding during visual memory, which is invariant to object position and object size, and predominant egocentric encoding during reach planning. Such dynamic transition from allo- to egocentric encoding within individual dorsal stream areas contrasts the idea of task-independent functional segregation between processing pathways. Instead, demand-specific local computations might facilitate spatial cognition in dynamic environments to facilitate motor planning towards objects changing their location.Significance statementHuman and non-human primates interact with their environment by manipulating objects. This requires planning and executing reaches to transport the hand to object-relative positions close to or on the object. Previous studies showed that frontal and parietal lobe areas encode reach goals in coordinate systems anchored to different parts of the subjects’ body, such as hand position or gaze direction, and modulated by pose. We show that neurons in the same areas can encode object-centered allocentric spatial information, independent of object location and object size, or egocentric information, depending on dynamically changing task demands. Such dynamic adaptation seems inconsistent with a functional segregation for ego- and allocentric encoding between processing streams.
Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and HbA1c, as risk factors for arterial stiffness
Authors: Regla Rafaela Pelisson , Okawa Rogério Toshiro Passos , de Oliveira Edilson Almeida , do Nascimento Rafael Campos , de Araújo Milene Cripa Pizatto , Duarte Giovanna Chiqueto , Gargaro Lorena Lima , da Cruz Marina Franciscon Gomes , Perez Alex Cardoso , Hayakawa Guilherme Norio , da Silva Guedes de Moura Barbara Letícia , Teixeira Jorge Juarez Vieira 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTStudies in a healthy and diabetic population have shown that there is a correlation between the disease and arterial stiffness, and consequently an increase in Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV). We investigate predictors laboratory and clinical associated with arterial stiffness, validated by the increase in PWV. Our findings showed that the predictor for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glycated hemoglobin ≥5.7, confirmed the significant association for increased arterial stiffness, validated by the increase in PWV.
A non-systematic signal-correction error in a commercial multiple-breath washout device significantly impacts outcomes in children and adults
Authors: Oestreich Marc-Alexander , Wyler Florian , Etter Blaise , Ramsey Kathryn A. , Latzin Philipp 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple-breath nitrogen washout is an established and sensitive technique to assess functional residual capacity and ventilation inhomogeneity in the lung. Indirect calculation of nitrogen concentration requires precise calibration and accurate measurement of gas concentrations.AimWe investigated the accuracy of the carbon dioxide gas concentration used for the indirect calculation of nitrogen concentration in a commercial multiple-breath washout (MBW) device (EasyOne Pro LAB, ndd Medizintechnik AG, Zurich, Switzerland) and its impact on outcomes.MethodsA high-precision calibration gas mixture was used to evaluate sensor output and calculated carbon dioxide concentration. We assessed the impact of a corrected CO2 signal on MBW outcomes in a dataset of healthy children and adults and children with lung disease.ResultsThe EasyOne device uses a respiratory quotient-based adjustment to correct the measured carbon dioxide signal for potential long-term changes in sensor output. In the majority of measurements (89%), this resulted in an overestimation of expired nitrogen concentrations (range -0.7 to 1.7%), and consequently MBW outcomes. Correction of the CO2 signal reduced the mean (range) cumulative expired volume by 27.1% (−58.1%; 1.0%), functional residual capacity by 11.1% (−21.6%; 1.2%), and lung clearance index by 18.3% (−44.0%; -0.3%). Additionally, within-visit variability was substantially reduced with the corrected signals.ConclusionInadequate signal-correction of the measured CO2 concentration in the EasyOne Pro LAB device leads to a non-systematic error in expired nitrogen concentrations and overestimation of test outcomes. Two-point calibration of the CO2 sensor may maintain accurate measurement of gas concentrations and overcome this error.