bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rates of Cement Leakage Following Vertebroplasty in Osteoporotic versus Metastatic Disease
Authors: Saad Ahmed , Botchu Rajesh , James Steven 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction Percutaneous vertebroplasty is used for symptomatic osteoporotic fractures and osteolytic neoplasms. We performed a retrospective study to analyze the pattern of leaks in the two cohorts.
Material and Methods Vertebroplasties performed over a 7-year period at a tertiary orthopaedic center were included in the study and divided into osteoporotic and neoplastic groups. The incidence and pattern of cement leaks in each group were documented and analyzed.
Results There were 75 leaks of a cohort of 211 vertebroplasties with a relatively equal proportion in osteoporotic and neoplastic groups. The incidence of discal leaks was comparable between the two groups. Lateral and posterior leaks were more common in the neoplastic group.
Conclusion We report the incidence and type of leaks in osteoporotic and neoplastic groups. Understanding the fracture pattern and preoperative management are both essential in preventing cement leakage. Using highly viscous cement or allowing the cement to harden prior to injection, with use of low pressure, decreases the risk and incidence of cement leakage.
Physiological and Pathophysiological Consequences of Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Silva Pedro Leme , Ball Lorenzo , Rocco Patricia R.M. , Pelosi Paolo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMechanical ventilation is a life-support system used to ensure blood gas exchange and to assist the respiratory muscles in ventilating the lung during the acute phase of lung disease or following surgery. Positive-pressure mechanical ventilation differs considerably from normal physiologic breathing. This may lead to several negative physiological consequences, both on the lungs and on peripheral organs. First, hemodynamic changes can affect cardiovascular performance, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and drainage of renal veins. Second, the negative effect of mechanical ventilation (compression stress) on the alveolar-capillary membrane and extracellular matrix may cause local and systemic inflammation, promoting lung and peripheral-organ injury. Third, intra-abdominal hypertension may further impair lung and peripheral-organ function during controlled and assisted ventilation. Mechanical ventilation should be optimized and personalized in each patient according to individual clinical needs. Multiple parameters must be adjusted appropriately to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), including: inspiratory stress (the respiratory system inspiratory plateau pressure); dynamic strain (the ratio between tidal volume and the end-expiratory lung volume, or inspiratory capacity); static strain (the end-expiratory lung volume determined by positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP]); driving pressure (the difference between the respiratory system inspiratory plateau pressure and PEEP); and mechanical power (the amount of mechanical energy imparted as a function of respiratory rate). More recently, patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) has been proposed as a potential mechanism promoting VILI. In the present chapter, we will discuss the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of mechanical ventilation and how to personalize mechanical ventilation parameters.
Surgical Treatment for Severe Primary Midbrain and Upper Pons Hemorrhages Using a Subtemporal Tentorial Approach
Authors: Wu Jie , Wu Xiao , Zhang Yong , Du Wei , Wei Ke , Yao Guo Jie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives It is unclear whether surgical hematoma evacuation should be performed in cases of primary brainstem hemorrhages (PBH). Here, we analyzed 15 cases with severe primary midbrain and upper pons hemorrhages to assess the associations between the subtemporal tentorial approach and patient functional outcomes and mortality.
Design A total of 15 patients diagnosed with severe primary midbrain and upper pons hemorrhages who had previously received the subtemporal tentorial approach at our facility from January 2018 and March 2019 were analyzed. All surviving cases received a follow-up at 6 months after surgery. The Glasgow Coma Scale and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were analyzed 1 and 6 months after surgery, respectively. Demographic data, lesion characteristics, and follow-up data were retrospectively collected.
Results All patients successfully underwent surgical evacuation for hematomas using the subtemporal tentorial approach. The overall survival rate for these cases was 66.7% (10/15). At the last follow-up, 26.7% of patients (4/15) exhibited healthy function (GOS score: 4), 20.0% (3/15) showed disability (GOS score: 3) and 20.0% (3/15) were in a vegetative state (GOS score: 2).
Conclusions Based on the results uncovered in this study, the subtemporal tentorial approach was found to be both safe and feasible and may be beneficial for the treatment of severe primary midbrain and upper pons hemorrhages, but a more comprehensive and comparative study is required to further confirm these results.
Texture-like representation of objects in human visual cortex
Authors: Jagadeesh Akshay V. , Gardner Justin L. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Humans are exquisitely sensitive to the spatial arrangement of visual features in objects and scenes, but not in visual textures. Category-selective regions in the visual cortex are widely believed to underlie object perception, suggesting such regions should distinguish natural images of objects from synthesized images containing similar visual features in scrambled arrangements. Contrarily, we demonstrate that representations in category-selective cortex do not discriminate natural images from feature-matched scrambles but can discriminate images of different categories, suggesting a texture-like encoding. We find similar insensitivity to feature arrangement in Imagenet-trained deep convolutional neural networks. This suggests the need to reconceptualize the role of category-selective cortex as representing a basis set of complex texture-like features, useful for a myriad of behaviors.
The gut microbiome influences host diet selection behavior
Authors: Trevelline Brian K. , Kohl Kevin D. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The behavior of diet selection or diet choice can have wide-reaching implications, scaling from individual animals to ecological and evolutionary processes. Previous work in this area has largely ignored the potential for intestinal microbiota to modulate host foraging decisions. The notion that the gut microbiome may influence host foraging behavior has been highly speculated for years but has not yet been explicitly tested. Here, we show that germ-free mice colonized by differential microbiomes from wild rodents with varying natural feeding strategies exhibited significant differences in their voluntary dietary selection. Specifically, colonized mice differed in voluntary carbohydrate selection, and divergent feeding preferences were associated with differences in circulating essential amino acids, bacterial tryptophan metabolism, and intestinal morphology. Together, these results demonstrate a role for the microbiome in host nutritional physiology and foraging behavior.
How chemical defects influence the charging of nanoporous carbon supercapacitors
Authors: Dupuis Romain , Valdenaire Pierre-Louis , Pellenq Roland J.-M. , Ioannidou Katerina 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Nanoporous carbon texture makes fundamental understanding of the electrochemical processes challenging. Based on density functional theory (DFT) results, the proposed atomistic approach takes into account topological and chemical defects of the electrodes and attributes to them a partial charge that depends on the applied voltage. Using a realistic carbon nanotexture, a model is developed to simulate the ionic charge both at the surface and in the subnanometric pores of the electrodes of a supercapacitor. Before entering the smallest pores, ions dehydrate at the external surface of the electrodes, leading to asymmetric adsorption behavior. Ions in subnanometric pores are mostly fully dehydrated. The simulated capacitance is in qualitative agreement with experiments. Part of these ions remain irreversibly trapped upon discharge.
Collimation of fast electron beams by strong external magnetic field in laser–solid interaction using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Ghasemi Seyed Abolfazl , Moslehi Amir , Faghih Samira 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of the external magnetic field on the fast electron beam angular spread and spatial divergence in laser–solid interaction were investigated and energy deposition of these electrons into the high-density fuel was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation by Geant4 simulation toolkit. In our simulation, two types of the energy distribution function, exponential energy distribution, and quasi-two temperature energy distribution function, for electrons were considered. Our simulations in the presence of an external magnetic field

B

ext

=

0
−
10

kT

show that the dynamics and spatial divergence of the high energy electrons are strongly affected by the external magnetic field. It was shown that in the case with the two-temperature energy distribution, the number of electrons (electron number density) with a large angular spread in the momentum space which were trapped by the magnetic fields lines and collimated toward the fuel were more populated than that of the exponential function. Comparison of the results indicate that the acceptable condition is obtained for the density

ρ

c

∼
300

g

c

m

−
3

in the presence of a magnetic field of about

B

ext

∼
1
−
2

kT

with a laser wavelength

λ

if

=
0.35
μ

m

and laser intensity

I
=

10

21

W

c

m

−
2

. It was presented that in the case with the sufficiently strong external fields,

B

ext

∼
1
−
2

kT

, it seems that the optimal results for suppression of electron spatial divergence, electron beam collimation, and energy deposition rate are obtained.
The Electromagnetic Characteristics of the Tianlai Cylindrical Pathfinder Array
Authors: Sun Shijie , Li Jixia , Wu Fengquan , Timbie Peter , Ansari Reza , Geng Jingchao , Shi Huli , Stebbins Albert , Wang Yougang , Zhang Juyong , Chen Xuelei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A great challenge for 21 cm intensity mapping experiments is the strong foreground radiation which is orders of magnitude brighter than the 21 cm signal. Removal of the foreground takes advantage of the fact that its frequency spectrum is smooth while the redshifted 21 cm signal spectrum is stochastic. However, a complication is the non-smoothness of the instrument response. This paper describes the electromagnetic simulation of the Tianlai cylinder array, a pathfinder for 21 cm intensity mapping experiments. Due to the vast scales involved, a direct simulation requires a large amount of computing resources. We have made the simulation practical by using a combination of methods: first simulate a single feed, then an array of feed units, finally with the feed array and a cylindrical reflector together, obtain the response for a single cylinder. We studied its radiation pattern, bandpass response and the effects of mutual coupling between feed units, and compared the results with observation. Many features seen in the measurement result are reproduced well in the simulation, especially the oscillatory features which are associated with the standing waves on the reflector. The mutual coupling between feed units is quantified with S-parameters, which decrease as the distance between the two feeds increases. Based on the simulated S-parameters, we estimate the correlated noise which has been seen in the visibility data, and the results show very good agreement with the data in both magnitude and frequency structures. These results provide useful insights on the problem of 21 cm signal extraction for real instruments.
Multicolor Optical Monitoring of the γ -Ray Emitting Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy PMN J0948+0022 from 2020 to 2021
Authors: Xin Yu-Xin , Xiong Ding-Rong , Bai Jin-Ming , Liu Hong-Tao , Lu Kai-Xing , Mao Ji-Rong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to study the physical properties of the γ-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy population, photometric and spectral observations of the γ-ray emitting NLS1 PMN J0948+0022 were made with the Lijiang 2.4 m optical telescope of Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Photometric data in the B and R bands were collected for 50 nights from 2020 January to 2021 December. During the observation epoch, the variability amplitudes are 73.67% in the B band and 79.96% in the R band. Intra-day variability is found in two observation nights, and the duty cycle value is 29% with variability amplitude > 12.9% in the R band, which support the presence of the relativistic jets in the target. The redder-when-brighter (RWB) chromatic trend (or steeper-when-brighter trend) appears on intra-day and long timescales. The RWB trend is dominated by the radiation of accretion disk and jet, and resembles those in flat spectrum radio quasars. When PMN J0948+0022 is brighter than 17.ͫ5 in the R band, there is no color change trend. By analyzing the spectral data of PMN J0948+0022, we obtained the black hole mass of M
• = 1.61 × 107
M
⊙ and accretion rate of

M

̇

=
93

, and confirmed that PMN J0948+0022 is a super-Eddington accreting NLS1. The redshifts of reverberation mapped super-Eddington accreting active galactic nuclei can be expanded by PMN J0948+0022 up to above 0.5. Super-Eddington accreting NLS1 galaxies were chosen as a new type of cosmological candle in the literature. PMN J0948+0022 may be used as a target for the next step of reverberation mapping monitoring project of super-Eddington accreting massive black holes.
A Framework of High-precision State Estimation for Approaching, Orbiting, and Touching an Asteroid
Authors: Liu Z , Chen X , Li X , Jia F 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
High-precision state estimation lies at the core of asteroid exploration. This paper investigates the high-precision state estimation methods in asteroid approaching, orbiting, and touching phases. The system and measurement models are established, and state estimation strategies are designed respectively for each phase. In the approaching phase, the star image is used to directly determine the relative orbit of the spacecraft to the target asteroid. To improve the optical state estimation precision, a deceleration-orientation-deceleration strategy is developed. In the orbiting phase, coupled orbit-attitude estimation is realized based on the terrain features of the asteroid, and the effect of dynamic error on the accuracy of state estimation is analysed. Then, a decoupled orbit-attitude state estimation method is developed to avoid the affection of dynamic error. In the touching phase, lidar measurement is used to determine the relative orbit and attitude of the spacecraft with respect to the landing spot. Based on the triple-stage state estimation framework proposed in this paper, the relative state error of the spacecraft converges from 100km level to 1mm level.
Finite Element Analysis and Forming Test of Roll Forging of Thin - wall Inner and Outer Gear Cup
Authors: Huang Tao , Guo Yaming , Lu Bo , Xu Hengqiu , Wang Wendong , Cao Ming , Gai Chenxi , Guo Fenghong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a new forming process method for cup-shaped parts with internal and external teeth structure is proposed, and the forming principle is expounded. The forming characteristics of cup-shaped parts with internal and external teeth are analyzed by finite element method. The stress and strain distribution in different regions of internal teeth, external teeth and side wall are studied. The most prone areas of defects are predicted. The process parameters are determined by simulation. The sample trial production is completed on GD 62-380 roll forging machine, and the comprehensive performance test is verified by carrying HPT330 hydraulic automatic gearbox bench.
Workspace Solution and Space Trajectory Planning of 5-DOF Manipulator
Authors: Xu Zhitian , Zhao Yuhang , Xian Liwei , Lv Bowei , Jiang Wei , Tan Guangdong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a 5-DOF manipulator is designed to carry the pipeline robot. The joint coordinate system and connecting rod parameters of the manipulator are confirmed by D-H method, and the kinematics model of the manipulator is established. The position and direction of the end of the manipulator are deduced by using the homogeneous transformation method. Monte Carlo method is used to solve the workspace of manipulator, and MATLAB is used to draw the workspace cloud map. Set the motion trajectory of manipulator, using joint space trajectory planning, through MATLAB simulation of motion form, get the change of joint. It provides a foundation for trajectory planning, dynamics analysis, motion control and parameter optimization of manipulator.
Study on the Preparation and Properties of A High Energy Insensitive Narrow Pulse Impact Initiation Primary Explosive
Authors: Chen Likui , Sheng Dilun , Xu Dong , Zhang Shixin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Design nano TATB and submicron CL-20 compound compared to submarks and narrow pulses. Nano-stage TATB was prepared by low temperature solvent-non-solvent reverse crystal method; submicron CL-20 was prepared by spray recrystallization and high-energy grinding method. The main performance test and safety test of the compounding agent were carried out. The results show that the composite drug component TATB particle size reaches nanoscale, CL-20 reaches submicron; the composite agent burst is greater than 8000m / s, and the explosion energy is ⩽0.5j, and the pneumatic pills, hot wire, hit, friction, Vacuum stability and other safety experiments. It shows that the agent is a passive high-energy narrow pulse Primary explosive.
Study on the Preparation and Composition of Ultrafine CL-18/HNS
Authors: Wang Peiyong , Zhang Shixing , Xu Dong , Fan Longlong , Zhu Yahong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using solvent-nonsolvent method, study on the preparation and composition of ultrafine CL-18/HNS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the particle size and morphology. The FTIR spectra (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to determine whether the cocrystal explosive was prepared. Furthermore, the impact sensitivity and short pulse slapper sensitivity of cocrystal explosive was tested. Results show that the prepared samples are the mix of CL-18 and HNS but rather changed cocrystal appearance of ultrafine CL-18/HNS. The average particle size of cocrystal explosives are 0.98μ. The peak temperatures of exothermic decomposition are 205.36 °C, The impact probability of CL-18/HNS cocrystal explosives is 56 percent, and minimum initiation energy is 0.12J.
Research on the Partition Method Based on the Observation Points of Voltage Distortion in Harmonic Optimization
Authors: Lin Lijuan , Xing Licheng , Jia Qingquan , Zhang Xuerui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the use of a large number of power electronic equipment, the harmonics in the power grid are becoming more and more serious. There are many methods for harmonic mitigation and optimization such as Global network Optimization. When there are many nodes, the global network optimization method is more complicated. Considering the problem of large numbers of harmonic injection nodes in the power grid, this paper proposes a method of clustering the voltage distortion nodes according to correlation, and using the characteristic nodes to describe the harmonic voltage distortion in the region to mitigate harmonic voltage. This method is based on the observation data of the voltage distortion of the nodes for dynamic selection and grouping. The results show that this method meets the needs of Global network Optimization. The data processing methods used in this paper such as feature extraction methods and time series interpolation optimization can effectively reduce the data dimension, and get better optimization effect.
Research on fuzzy neural network for policy simulation of retired power battery
Authors: Yan Hu , Huang Bibin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the acceleration of energy transformation, key mineral resources such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt that new energy development relies on are facing great challenges, and it is necessary to expand secondary supply through recycling. At present, our country has issued a series of policies to encourage the cascade utilization of power batteries, but the incentives still fall short of expectations. Focusing on the pre-simulation of the retired power battery policy, this paper proposes a knowledge-based expression method for the retired policy of retired power battery, and builds an intelligent simulation model based on fuzzy neural network for retired power battery policy, realized the automatic identification of the policy knowledge by the computer and the intelligent simulation of the decision-making behavior of the policy makers, which provides a new idea for the optimization of the retired power battery policy.
Firefly algorithm and ant colony algorithm to optimize the traveling salesman problem
Authors: Yu XiaoFei , Yu LinWen , Zheng MingQiao , Lu JunHui , Zhang Lü 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Through the study of ACOTSP, it is found that the previous ant colony algorithm will fall into local optimal when increasing pheromone concentration factor. In order to solve the problem, we through the improved pheromone concentration factor to view your traveling salesman solving process, through the simulation experiments found that due to the pheromone concentration gradually increased with the number of iterations, pheromone concentration and pheromone concentration factor exponential relationship, lead to appear even if the distance is large move also can appear probability is very high. In this design, the ant colony algorithm is optimized by introducing firefly algorithm (FA): the ant colony movement deviation is avoided by adding disturbance factor; and the migration probability caused by excessive pheromone concentration is solved by adding function relation between moving distance and pheromone concentration. Simulation results show that the optimized algorithm has better results and is not easy to fall into local optimum.
Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Racing Factor and Mutation Mechanism
Authors: Jia-long Li , Wei Zhang , Lin-lin Ge , Hao Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A hybrid modified Mutation Mechanism (MM) and Racing factor (RF)-based particle swarm optimization (MM-RF-PSO) are presented in this letter. RF and MM are proposed to determine the approximate location of the global optimal solution. Once the approximate position of the optimal solution is determined, a method to dynamically adjust the parameters of algorithm is proposed, so that the algorithm can approach the optimal solution faster. At the same time, when the algorithm falls into the local optimum, a scheme of jumping out of the local optimum is proposed. Compared with other three improved PSO, the simulation results indicate the effectiveness of MM-RF-PSO.
A Progressive and Joint Method for Micro and Macro Architecture Search
Authors: Chen Luoyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recently, neural architecture search (NAS) has achieved great success in design neural architectures automatically. Differentiable architecture search (DARTS) has succeeded in reducing computational cost and making the searching process efficient. Based on the cell-based search space in DARTS, we extend the search space by searching diverse cells at different stages and various connection between cells. We also use a progressive and joint method to search the micro and macro architecture together. Extensive experiments on CIFAR-10 demostrate that we can obtain a better result than the original search space.