bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid authentication of the geographical origin of milk using portable near‐infrared spectrometer and fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant transformation
Authors: Zhang Tingfei , Wu Xiaohong , Wu Bin , Dai Chunxia , Fu Haijun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe quality of milk is related to its geographical origin. In addition, the geographical origin of milk plays an important role in its commercial value. Therefore, this research aimed to design an identification system including a portable near‐infrared (NIR) spectrometer and feature extraction algorithms to authenticate the geographical origin of milk. In order to improve the classification accuracy, fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant transformation (FUDT) was used to deal with the NIR spectra of milk collected by a portable NIR spectrometer. In this system, Savitzky–Golay (SG) algorithm and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to remove noise and reduce dimensionality, respectively. Then, three feature extraction algorithms, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), uncorrelated discriminant transformation (UDT), and FUDT were applied to separate the NIR spectra. Finally, K‐nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier was utilized to assess the performance of this identification system. The results showed that the maximum classification accuracies of FUDT, UDT, and LDA were 98.67%, 97.33%, and 93.33%, respectively. The results confirmed the great potential for authenticating the geographical origin of milk by the combination of the portable NIR spectrometer and FUDT.Practical ApplicationsThe geographical origin of milk is vitally important to evaluate the milk quality in dairy market. Compared with traditional detection methods, NIR spectroscopy is considered to be a fast, accurate, and nondestructive detection method, so it is widely used in the field of food detection. In this article, FUDT with portable NIR spectrometer can be used to detect the adulteration of geographical origin in milk correctly and rapidly. The experimental result indicated that application potential in identifying the geographical origin of milk.
Life cycle assessment‐based Absolute Environmental Sustainability Assessment is also relative
Authors: Guinée Jeroen B. , de Koning Arjan , Heijungs Reinout 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the past years, an increasing number of scholarly papers have used the planetary boundaries (PBs) within life cycle assessment (LCA) to determine if the life cycle impacts of a product system fit within those PBs and thereby establish the absolute sustainability of the product system. This type of LCA is nowadays coined as LCA‐based Absolute Environmental Sustainability Assessment (AESA). “Absolute” thereby refers to methods enabling the comparison of environmental impacts of products, companies, nations, and so on, with an assigned share of environmental carrying capacity for various impact categories. A recent review of LCA‐based AESA methods and their applications characterized 47 studies “according to their intended application, impact categories, basis of carrying capacity estimates, spatial differentiation of environmental model and principles for assigning carrying capacity.” However, the review and the majority of studies reviewed did not, or only to a limited extent, discuss potential temporal issues of assigning carrying capacity to product systems. Several of the carrying capacity estimates have a time dimension while LCA results lack a time dimension. In this article, we show that assigning PBs to product systems is only technically possible when adopting several fundamental though unrealistic assumptions, and conclude that even product LCA‐based AESA is relative. This should not withhold scholars from developing approaches applying the PBs in LCA, but it should prevent them from claiming and using the term “absolute.”
Greenhouse gas emissions from the global transportation of crude oil: Current status and mitigation potential
Authors: Ankathi Sharath , Lu Zifeng , Zaimes George G. , Hawkins Troy , Gan Yu , Wang Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlobal crude‐oil transportation contributes a significant portion of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the marine transportation sector. In this work, we first compile a detailed country‐level global crude‐oil transportation network in 2018 and estimate that the direct and well‐to‐hull GHG emissions related to crude transportation were 97 and 109 million metric tons, respectively. Combining with the country‐specific crude recovery GHG intensities, the consumption‐based well‐to‐country‐gate crude‐oil GHG intensities are derived for individual countries, ranging from 2.99 to 27.32 g CO2eq/MJ, with a global crude‐volume‐weighted average of 8.67 g CO2eq/MJ. We then project the global crude transportation emissions at the regional level in 2050 under a static (no change) scenario (based on current ship energy efficiency) and a sustainable‐development (SD) scenario (based on the International Energy Agency's projections of ship energy efficiency and penetration of alternative marine fuels). Results show that the global well‐to‐hull GHG emissions related to crude transportation would be 82 and 59 million metric tons in 2050 in the static and SD scenarios, respectively. To further evaluate the impact of potential fuel‐switching on decarbonizing the crude oil transportation sector, we estimate the GHG emissions for 20 fuel/production options in 2050. We find that, in comparison to the static scenario, ∼50% reduction in global well‐to‐hull GHG emissions from crude transportation could be achieved under the SD scenario if green ammonia further replaces conventional ammonia. The methodology developed here can be applied to other commodities to estimate the emissions associated with their global marine transportation and to evaluate the potential emission mitigation options.
Development of simplified characterization factors for the assessment of expanded polystyrene and tire wear microplastic emissions applied in a food container life cycle assessment
Authors: Corella‐Puertas Elena , Guieu Pauline , Aufoujal Alessio , Bulle Cécile , Boulay Anne‐Marie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo date, life cycle assessment (LCA) does not include a methodology for assessing the impacts of plastic litter leaked to the environment. This limits the applicability of LCA as a tool to compare the potential impacts of single‐use plastics and their alternatives on ecosystem quality and human health. As a contribution to tackle this issue, this work proposes simplified fate and characterization factors (CFs) for modeling the impacts of two types of microplastics—expanded polystyrene and tire and road wear particles—in the marine environment. In terms of fate mechanisms, this work explores different sedimentation, degradation, and fragmentation rate scenarios, based on literature values and expert estimates. Whereas the fate of expanded polystyrene is sensitive to the different fragmentation, degradation, and sedimentation scenarios, for tire and road wear particles the fate is primarily sensitive to sedimentation. The fate factors are integrated into CFs using an existing exposure and effect factor for microplastics in aquatic environments. Since the CFs of the two studied microplastics show important differences, these results reveal the need for developing polymer‐specific CFs. Finally, the CFs are tested in a case study of on‐the‐go food containers (one single‐use plastic, two compostable alternatives, and one reusable plate). Depending on the fate scenario, plastic litter impacts range from barely noticeable to more than doubling the total potential damage to ecosystem quality, compared to no plastic litter impact assessment. The high uncertainty of the results encourages further research on modeling microplastic fate and impacts in detail.
Prevalence of ultrasonographic gastrointestinal wall changes in dogs with acute pancreatitis: A retrospective study (2012‐2020)
Authors: Hardwick Joshua J. , Reeve Elizabeth J. , Hezzell Melanie J. , Reeve Jenny A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundUltrasonographic gastrointestinal wall changes in dogs with acute pancreatitis (AP) are not well characterized in the literature. No detailed studies have described their prevalence, characteristics, distribution, or clinical relevance.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDescribe the prevalence of ultrasonographic gastrointestinal wall changes in a population of dogs with AP and evaluate for associations between the presence of gastrointestinal wall changes and clinical or clinicopathological variables.AnimalsReferral population of 66 client‐owned dogs with AP.MethodsRetrospective search of clinical records to identify dogs with AP. Clinical variables, clinicopathological variables and ultrasonographic findings were reported using descriptive statistics. A binary logistic regression model was used to evaluate for associations between the presence of gastrointestinal wall changes and clinical or clinicopathological variables.ResultsSixty‐six dogs were included. Forty‐seven percent of dogs (95% confidence interval [CI], 35.0%‐59.0%; n = 31) with AP had ultrasonographic gastrointestinal wall changes. Gastrointestinal wall changes were most common in the duodenum and identified in 71% (n = 22) of affected dogs. Of dogs with gastrointestinal wall changes, 74.2% (n = 23) had wall thickening, 61.3% (n = 19) had abnormal wall layering, and 35.5% (n = 11) had wall corrugation. In the multivariable model, only heart rate remained an independent predictor of ultrasonographic gastrointestinal wall changes (P = .02).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUltrasonographic gastrointestinal wall changes in this population of dogs with AP were common. Increased heart rate was the only independent predictor of gastrointestinal wall changes, which might imply more severe disease. Additional studies are required to elucidate whether ultrasonographic gastrointestinal wall changes reflect disease severity in AP.
Changing epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia
Authors: Zhang Chen‐hao , Cheng Yifei , Zhang Shu , Fan Jia , Gao Qiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLiver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of malignant death in Asia, and Asia reports 72.5% of the world's cases in 2020. As the most common histological type, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of incidence and mortality of liver cancer cases. This review presents the changing epidemiology of HCC in Asian countries in recent years. Globally, aged, male and Asian populations remain the group with the highest risk of HCC. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are still the leading risk factors of HCC with a slight decline in most Asian countries, which is mainly attributed to HBV vaccination of newborns, prevention of HCV horizontal transmission and treatment of chronic hepatitis. However, the prevalence of HCC caused by metabolic factors, including metabolic syndrome, obesity and non‐alcoholic fatty liver diseases, is increasing rapidly in Asian countries, which may eventually become the major cause of HCC. Excessive alcohol consumption continues to be an important risk factor as the average consumption of alcohol is still growing. Hopefully, great effort has been made to better prevention and treatment of HCC in most Asian regions, which significantly prolongs the survival of HCC patients. Asian countries tend to use more aggressive intervention than European and American countries, but it remains unclear whether this preference is related to a better prognosis. In conclusion, HCC remains a major disease burden in Asia, and the management of HCC should be adjusted dynamically based on the changing epidemiology.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: The virus or the liver?
Authors: Papatheodoridi Alkistis , Papatheodoridis George 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major public health problem being one of the most common causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses have been classified as oncoviruses and are responsible for the majority of HCC cases, while the role of hepatitis D virus (HDV) in liver carcinogenesis has not been elucidated. HDV/HBV coinfection is related to more severe liver damage than HBV mono‐infection and recent studies suggest that HDV/HBV patients are at increased risk of developing HCC compared to HBV mono‐infected patients. HBV is known to promote hepatocarcinogenesis via DNA integration into host DNA, disruption of molecular pathways by regulatory HBV x (HBx) protein and excessive oxidative stress. Recently, several molecular mechanisms have been proposed to clarify the pathogenesis of HDV‐related HCC including activation of signalling pathways by specific HDV antigens, epigenetic dysregulation and altered gene expression. Alongside, ongoing chronic inflammation and impaired immune responses have also been suggested to facilitate carcinogenesis. Finally, cellular senescence seems to play an important role in chronic viral infection and inflammation leading to hepatocarcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the impact of HDV in HCC development and discuss the potential interplay between HBV, HDV and neighbouring liver tissue in liver carcinogenesis.
A CTNNB1‐altered medulloblastoma shows the immunophenotypic, DNA methylation and transcriptomic profiles of SHH‐activated, and not WNT‐activated, medulloblastoma
Authors: Chiang Jason , Moreira Daniel C. , Pytel Nicholas J. , Liu Yen‐Chun , Blackburn Patrick R. , Shi Zonggao , Cardenas Maria , Wheeler David A. , Furtado Larissa V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent advancements in molecular characterisation have identified four principal molecular groups of medulloblastoma: WNT, SHH, group 3 and group 4. Each has its characteristic clinical features, signature genetic alterations and distinct DNA methylome profiles. Thus far, CTNNB1 mutations have been considered pathognomonic of WNT‐activated medulloblastoma. Furthermore, it has been shown that CTNNB1 mutations dominantly drive the WNT‐activated phenotype in medulloblastoma, even in the presence of alterations in the SHH pathway. We herein report an illustrative case that challenges this belief—a medulloblastoma with a pathogenic CTNNB1 mutation that otherwise showed the histopathology, immunophenotype and methylation and transcriptomic profiles of an SHH‐activated medulloblastoma. Detailed molecular analyses, including whole exome sequencing, transcriptome analysis and DNA methylation profiling with DKFZ brain tumour classifier and St. Jude MLPnet neural network classifier analyses, have been performed on the tumour. Our example emphasises the diagnostic value of the immunohistochemistry panel with YAP1, GAB1 and β‐catenin and DNA methylation profiling, combined with exome sequencing, in the characterisation of medulloblastoma. CTNNB1 mutations are not specific for WNT‐activated medulloblastoma, and different CTNNB1 mutations have diverse oncogenic potential.
Beyond a reference genome: pangenomes and population genomics of underutilized and orphan crops for future food and nutrition security
Authors: Chapman Mark A. , He Yuqi , Zhou Meiliang 
Published: March 2022

SummaryUnderutilized crops are, by definition, under‐researched compared to staple crops yet come with traits that may be especially important given climate change and the need to feed a globally increasing population. These crops are often stress‐tolerant, and this combined with unique and beneficial nutritional profiles. Whilst progress is being made by generating reference genome sequences, in this Tansley Review, we show how this is only the very first step. We advocate that going ‘beyond a reference genome’ should be a priority, as it is only at this stage one can identify the specific genes and the adaptive alleles that underpin the valuable traits. We sum up how population genomic and pangenomic approaches have led to the identification of stress‐ and disease‐tolerant alleles in staple crops and compare this to the small number of examples from underutilized crops. We also demonstrate how previously underutilized crops have benefitted from genomic advances and that many breeding targets in underutilized crops are often well studied in staple crops. This cross‐crop population‐level resequencing could lead to an understanding of the genetic basis of adaptive traits in underutilized crops. This level of investment may be crucial for fully understanding the value of these crops before they are lost.
Change and Variation in U.S. Couples’ Earnings Equality Following Parenthood
Authors: Musick Kelly , Gonalons‐Pons Pilar , Schwartz Christine R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the context of broad increases in gender equality and growing socioeconomic disparities along multiple dimensions of family life, we examine changes in within‐family earnings equality following parenthood and the extent to which they have played out differently by education. Our analysis relies on links between rich surveys and administrative tax records that provide high‐quality earnings data for husbands and wives spanning two years before and up to 10 years following first births from the 1980s to the 2000s in the United States (Survey of Income and Program Participation Synthetic Beta files; N = 21,300 couples and 194,100 couple‐years). Accounting for time‐invariant couple characteristics and year and age fixed effects, we find that wives’ share of total couple earnings declines substantially after parenthood and remains lower over the observation window, irrespective of cohort and education. Cohort changes in within‐family earnings equality are modest and concentrated among the earliest cohort of parents, and data provide little evidence of differential change by education. These findings have implications for women's economic vulnerability, particularly in the United States where divorce remains common and public support for families is weak.
Equex STM paste improves post‐thawed epididymal sperm motility and acrosome integrity in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Navanukraw Pakpoom , Lugo‐Roman Luis A. , Im‐erbsin Rawiwan , Suwimonteerabutr Junpen , Chotimanukul Sroisuda , Chatdarong Kaywalee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEquex STM paste, a water‐soluble detergent, exerts the protective effect of egg‐yolk during sperm cryopreservation. This study aims to evaluate the post‐thaw quality of rhesus monkeys’ epididymal spermatozoa in the Tris–citric–glucose egg‐yolk extender, supplemented with or without Equex STM paste (0.5%, v/v) (n = 6). Sperm motility, progressive motility, motion characteristics, viability, acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity were compared immediately post‐thaw. Equex STM paste supplementation significantly improved sperm motility (35.0 ± 4.5 vs. 23.7 ± 5.0%), progressive motility (15.4 ± 2.1 vs. 9.8 ± 2.7%) and percentage of sperm with intact acrosome (30.4 ± 4.5 vs. 26.3 ± 4.6%) compared to the controls, respectively. This is the first report applying Equex STM paste for monkey epididymal sperm cryopreservation and is expected to be beneficial as a model for endangered non‐human primates.
Language modality influences risk perception: Innovations read well but sound even better
Authors: Geipel Janet , Hadjichristidis Constantinos , Savadori Lucia , Keysar Boaz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPsychological theories implicitly assume that the modality in which information is conveyed—spoken or written—leaves judgment and choice unaltered. Modality is rarely considered in textbooks on judgment and decision making, and the selection of modality in research is often based on convenience. We challenge this theoretical assumption. Three experiments (N = 984) show that the modality in which novel technologies are described systematically influences their perceived risk and benefit. Participants either read or heard advantages and disadvantages of novel technologies and then assessed their risk and benefit. In Study 1, spoken descriptions prompted more positive evaluations toward the technologies in terms of overall risks and benefits than written descriptions. Studies 2 and 3 replicated this modality effect and demonstrated that affect partially explains it, as spoken descriptions induced more positive feelings toward the new technologies than written descriptions. Study 3 (preregistered) showed that the influence of modality is unique to novel technologies and does not extend to familiar ones. These findings contribute theoretically to the understanding of the relationship between language and thought, and carry implications for survey research and the use of voice assistant technology.
An Impossible Awakening: Husserl and the Limits of Time‐Consciousness
Authors: Driker‐Ohren Charles R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article critiques Edmund Husserl’s account of affective awakening—the process mediating between one’s present perception of objects and their retrieval through memory. I argue that Husserl’s account of affective awakening is flawed and requires a rethinking of the relation between past and present. First, I reconstruct Husserl’s account of affection, the manner in which objects are given as prominent against a background and vie with one another for the ego’s attention. Next, I turn to affective awakening, through which a present perception can bring a past perception back to intuitive clarity. I argue that Husserl’s account of affective awakening is aporetic. The deep past cannot be awakened because it lacks the very features that allow it to form an affective connection with the present. After tracing this deadlock within Husserl’s descriptions, I interrogate his assumptions concerning the priority of the present over the past. In my conclusion, I sketch an alternate line of inquiry that begins with psychological trauma. Viewing the body as a site of vulnerability provides a way to conceive the complex entanglement between present and past without subordinating one to the other.
Efficient Analysis of Stationary Dynamics of Piecewise-Linear Nonlinear Systems Modeled Using General State-Space Representations
Authors: Tien Meng-Hsuan , Lu Ming-Fu , D'Souza Kiran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a new technique is presented for parametrically studying the steady-state dynamics of piecewise-linear nonsmooth oscillators. This new method can be used as an efficient computational tool for analyzing the nonlinear behavior of dynamic systems with piecewise-linear nonlinearity. The new technique modifies and generalizes the bilinear amplitude approximation method, which was created for analyzing proportionally damped structural systems, to more general systems governed by state-space models; thus, the applicability of the method is expanded to many engineering disciplines. The new method utilizes the analytical solutions of the linear subsystems of the nonsmooth oscillators and uses a numerical optimization tool to construct the nonlinear periodic response of the oscillators. The method is validated both numerically and experimentally in this work. The proposed computational framework is demonstrated on a mechanical oscillator with contacting elements and an analog circuit with nonlinear resistance to show its broad applicability.