bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecurity and Performance of Business Activities in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Uzoamaka Ndubuisi-Okolo Purity , Francisca Onuzulike Nkechi 
Published: October 2022

Insecurity constitutes nuisance to human lives and properties, impedes business activities, inculcate phobia in both local and foreign investors. Consequent upon this, human security has been encroached due to incessant insecurity menace besetting the peaceful co-existence of individuals residing within and outside the vicinity of Anambra State, Nigeria. This scenario has consistently created vacuum for chaos and disorderliness. In the light of the above, this paper focuses attention on insecurity and performance of business activities in Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to ascertain the factors militating against the successful operation of business activities in Anambra State, and also to determine the type of relationship that exists between the independent variable (human security) and dependent variable (market share). The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative research design method (triangulation) with sixty eight participants randomly selected. The participants comprised of experienced entrepreneurs from Onitsha, Nnewi and Awka with not less than ten years of experience in their diverse businesses. Structured questionnaire and in-depth interview were simultaneously utilized to elicit reliable, timely and valuable information from the respondents respectively. The structured questionnaire was administered to sixty two (62) respondents while six respondents were orally interviewed. Data generated from structured questionnaire was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient which is an inferential statistical tool while data elicited from in-depth interview was thematically analyzed. The results revealed that human security had a statistically positive significant relationship with market share. This implies that a proportionate increase in human security will attract commensurate increase in market share and vice versa. The in-depth interview conducted disclosed that family responsibilities, difficulties in raising children, sit-at-home syndrome, insecurity, high cost of goods, low turnover, forced migration, and insufficient capital are the major factors besetting the performance of business activities in Anambra State, Nigeria. In view of the findings above, we recommended serious government intervention to cushion the effect of human insecurity by adopting a regulatory framework that will usher defaulters to befitting penalty in order to inculcate sustainable virtues in them. That is why, unequivocally speaking, protection of human rights, dignity, and integrity need to be the greatest concern of government at all levels because life has no duplicate. Also, government at all levels need to pay close attention to sit-at-home syndrome and high cost of goods in the market as majority of the entrepreneurs in Awka, Onitsha and Nnewi respectively lean on daily income for the provision of basic necessities of life.
Analysis of the Influence of Risk Communications and Subjective Norms on the Purchase Intention of Soft Structured Carriers (SSC) and Their Impact on Perceived Risk
Authors: Lestari Indah , Kurniasari Florentina , Utomo Prio 
Published: October 2022

Aims: This study aims to study, analyze and reveal the factors influencing the interest in purchasing Soft Structured Carriers (SSC) in millennial mothers in the Jabodetabek area.
Study Design: Cross Sectional Quantitative Research.
Place and Duration of Study: 271 millennial parents in Jabodetabek who have bought soft structured carrier (SSC) at least once and still have kids below 1-year-old.
Methodology: This study used a quantitative with causal research approach and included 271 respondents (24 living in Depok, 32 living in Bogor, 56 living in Bekasi, 61 living in Tangerang, and 98 living in Jakarta; age range 25-40 years). The data gathered using questionnaire. Sample methods using the guideline from Hair et al. (2017); therefore, in this study, based on purposive (judgemental) sampling techniques and being analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (SEM).
Results: The results of this study found that the direct relationship between risk communication (RC) had a positive and significant effect on perceived risk (PR) and purchase intention (PI), PR had a positive and significant effect on PI, but for subjective norms (SN), it was found that it did not affect PI. RC to PR has the most significant influence compared to other relationships. Attention to the RC factor can increase buying interest by only causing a PR factor in people's minds. Furthermore, in the indirect relationship, it is found that PR mediates the relationship between RC and PI. Therefore, PR has effectiveness in connecting RC with purchase intention.
Conclusion: Of the five hypotheses tested, one of them has no influence where Subjective norms were found not to affect Purchase intention. In indirect hypothesis testing, it is found that Perceived risk mediates the relationship between risk communication and purchase intention.
High-Resolution Biostratigraphic, and Paleoenvironmental Analysis of AJAYI-01 Well, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Mayowa D. 
Published: October 2022

A high-resolution biostratigraphy study and paleoenvironment analysis were carried out on composited fifteen (15) ditch-cutting samples retrieved from AJAYI-01 well, offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria. The studied intervals range from 4060feet – 4960feet and were subjected to foraminifera, calcareous nannofossil and palynological analysis to determine their age, biozonation and environment of deposition. The standard laboratory preparation techniques of wet sieving, simple smear method, and Hydrofluoric (HF) and Hydrochloric (HCl) acids maceration techniques respectively. A sedimentological description of the ditch-cutting samples was carried out.
Three major foraminifera zones of Turborotalia peripheroacuta/Bolivina mandoroveensis Zone, Praeorbulina glomerosa/Nonion centrosulcatum Zone and Catapsydrax dissimilis/Buliminella subfusiformis Zone and the important marker Heterostegina sp. was recognized in the well based on the critical evaluation of bioevents and correlatable datums. The nannofossil zones of Helicosphaera ampliaperta and Sphenolithus heteromorphus were erected for this well based on the index taxa and fossil assemblage recorded. The palynological data consists of highly diversified assemblages dominated by terrestrial forms such as Zonocostites ramonae, Monoporites annulatus, Laevigatosporites sp., Verrucatosporites sp., Retitricolporites sp., Acrostichum aureum. The important marker recorded was Crassoretitriletes vanraadshooveni (FDO) at 4420feet. The well is dated early to middle Miocene (NN4 –NN5) based on the occurrence of marker species Helicosphaera ampliaperta and Sphenolithus heteromophus which corresponds to Crassoretitriletes vanraadshooveni - Echitricolporites spinosus Zone (P720-P680) subzones.
A tentative sequence stratigraphic framework for the studied sequences was established. A condensed section that is associated with the Maximum Flooding Surface (MFS) was dated 15.20Ma at 4480 feet based on peak faunal abundance and diversity. The environment of deposition has sediments deposited in the marine environment fluctuating between middle neritic and inner neritic to the littoral, including coastal deltaic settings based on deductions from foraminiferal, palynological and sedimentological data.
Development and Validation of a Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Bupropion and Dextromethorphan Using Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Form
Authors: Kumar P. Sugandha , Rambabu Kantipudi 
Published: October 2022

Aims: New validated method for the simultaneous estimation of Bupropion and Dextromethorphan using HPLC.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, RVR & JC College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, between July 2022 and August 2022.
Methodology: Using Inertsil ODS 250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm column, acetonitrile and 0.1 percent formic acid (30:70 v/v) as a mobile phase, the proposed method successfully achieved effective chromatographic separation with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a wave length of 240 nm. The Bupropion and Dextromethorphan peaks were resolved within 5 minutes of elution time, with the Bupropion peak eluting at 2.054 minutes and the Dextromethorphan peak eluting at 3.940 minutes.
Results: The proposed method displays excellent linearity in the concentration ranges of 52.5-315 µg/mL for Bupropion and 22.5-135 µg/mL for Dextromethorphan. The RSD of robustness levels has a maximum of just 2 percent.
Conclusion: The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the method were all found to be in line with ICH guidelines, when the procedure was developed and tested.
Association of Vaginal Progesterone Treatment With Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth
Authors: Nelson David B. , Lafferty Ashlyn , Venkatraman Chinmayee , McDonald Jeffrey G. , Eckert Kaitlyn M. , McIntire Donald D. , Spong Catherine Y. 
Published: October 2022

ImportancePreterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has been suggested that vaginal progesterone (VP) treatment may reduce the recurrence of PTB.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of VP treatment with prevention of recurrent PTB among patients with a singleton pregnancy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective, observational cohort study, set in a public health care system for inner-city pregnant patients, enrolled patients with prior spontaneous PTB (gestational age, ≤35 weeks) receiving VP from May 15, 2017, to May 7, 2019. Patients who delivered between 1998 and 2011 served as a referent cohort matched 3:1 for obesity, race and ethnicity, and individual specific preterm birth history. Statistical analysis was performed from August 19, 2021, to September 2, 2022.ExposurePatients received 90 mg of vaginal progesterone, 8%, nightly, initiated between 16 weeks and 0 days and 20 weeks and 6 days of pregnancy until 36 weeks and 6 days of pregnancy or delivery.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was overall rate of recurrent PTB at 35 weeks or less of patients given VP compared with the 3:1 matched untreated historical controls. Secondary outcomes included assessment of PTB according to adherence (≥80% completing scheduled doses), duration of pregnancy relative to index gestational age, progesterone blood levels, and outcomes for those who declined VP.ResultsA total of 417 patients (mean [SD] age, 30.4 [5.9] years; 64 Black patients [15.3%]; 272 [65.2%] with a body mass index of ≥30) received VP and were matched with 1251 controls (mean [SD] age, 28.8 [5.7] years; 192 Black patients [15.3%]; 816 [65.2%] with a body mass index of ≥30). The overall rate of recurrent PTB was 24.0% (100 of 417; 95% CI, 20.0%-28.4%) for the VP cohort compared with 16.8% (1394 of 8278) expected in the matched historical controls. Adherence was not associated with lower rates of recurrent PTB compared with nonadherence (odds ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.51-1.41]). The mean difference between historical matched controls and those using VP was 0.2 weeks (95% CI, −1.4 to 1.0 weeks) without improvement in the interval of recurrent PTB after the implementation of VP (P = .73). Progesterone blood levels for patients who were adherent compared with those who were nonadherent were not significantly different at either 24 or 32 weeks (24 weeks: 99 ng/mL [95% CI, 85-121 ng/mL] vs 104 ng/mL [95% CI, 89-125 ng/mL]; P = .16; 32 weeks: 200 ng/mL [95% CI, 171-242 ng/mL] vs 196 ng/mL [95% CI, 155-271 ng/mL]; P = .69).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of patients with a current singleton pregnancy suggests that VP was not associated with a reduction in recurrent PTB.
Prevalence of and Factors Associated With High Blood Pressure Among Adolescents in India
Authors: Vasudevan Anil , Thomas Tinku , Kurpad Anura , Sachdev Harshpal S. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceHigh blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents is becoming one of the most common health conditions worldwide and is much more widely prevalent than previously thought.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of high BP in adolescents in India and identify associated factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis of data from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016-2018), which used a multistage, stratified, probability proportion to size cluster sampling design to enroll a nationally representative sample of households and individuals aged 10 to 19 years across all states and union territories of India. Adolescents with acute or chronic illness, physical deformity, mental illness, or cognitive disability were excluded from the survey. Because BP was measured only in children between 10 and 19 years of age, only data from children within this age group were included for secondary analyses. Data analysis was performed from March 2021 to April 2022.ExposuresAnthropometry.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOn the basis of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, high BP was defined as stage 1 and 2 hypertension, with BP above the 95th percentile in children younger than 13 years and greater than 130/80 mm Hg in children 13 years or older. The association of age, sex, region, socioeconomic status, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and lipid profile with high BP were examined using log binomial regression.ResultsAmong 16 182 eligible children aged 10 to 19 years (mean [SD] age, 14.2 [2.8] years; 7849 [48.5%] female and 8333 [51.5%] male), 11 718 had valid BP data with 3 repeated readings. the prevalence of high BP was 35.1% (95% CI, 31.5%-38.9%) in children aged 10 to 12 years and 25.1% (95% CI, 22.5%-28.0%) in children 13 years or older. Overweight and obesity were associated with a higher risk of high BP in both younger (prevalence ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.34) and older children (prevalence ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18-1.49). The prevalence of high BP in younger children with stunting was high at 40.1% (95% CI, 31.9%-48.9%) and was 21.9% (95% CI, 18.2%-26.1%) among older children with stunting. In both age groups, high BP coexisted with other cardiovascular disease risk factors, such that adolescents with high fasting blood glucose, high hemoglobin A1c, high triglyceride, and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels had a higher risk of high BP.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of high BP, along with cardiovascular risk factors, was substantial in Indian adolescents. There is a need to screen and identify adolescents who have high BP and initiate interventions to control the burden of hypertension and its consequences in India.
Effects of pregnancy on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and predictors of related attacks
Authors: Du Qin , Shi Ziyan , Chen Hongxi , Zhang Ying , Qiu Yuhan , Lang Yanlin , Kong Lingyao , Zhou Hongyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveOur study aimed to investigate the influence of pregnancy on the course of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and to explore the independent predictors of pregnancy‐related attacks.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of patients with NMOSD based on the Wingerchuk 2006 or the revised Wingerchuk 2015 criteria. Demographic, clinical, and pregnancy data were recorded. We compared the annualized relapse rate (ARR) before, during, and after pregnancy. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was used to assess the degree of disability. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify the independent risk factors that predict pregnancy‐related attacks.ResultsThere were 202 informative pregnancies following symptom onset in 112 women with NMOSD. The ARR in the first‐trimester postpartum period (1.44 ± 2.04) was higher than that before pregnancy (0.23 ± 0.48; p < 0.001) and during pregnancy. The EDSS score increased from 1.40 ± 1.38 before pregnancy to 1.99 ± 1.78 postpartum (p = 0.004). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models indicated that increased disease activity 1 year before conception (HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.09–2.92, p = 0.021) and lack of immunotherapy during pregnancy and the postpartum period (HR = 5.25, 95% CI 1.91–14.42, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors that predicted pregnancy‐related attacks.InterpretationThe postpartum period is a particularly high‐risk time for the onset and relapse of NMOSD. Pregnancy exerted detrimental effects on the disease courses of NMOSD. Immunotherapy during pregnancy and the postpartum period might be recommended to decrease the risk of pregnancy‐related attacks. Larger‐scale prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Energy and Space Efficient Parallel Adder Using Molecular Memristors
Authors: Yi Su‐in , Rath Santi Prasad , Deepak  , Venkatesan T. , Bhat Navakanta , Goswami Sreebrata , Williams R. Stanley , Goswami Sreetosh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA breakthrough in in‐memory computing technologies hinges on the development of appropriate material platforms that can overcome their existing limitations, such as larger than optimal footprint and multiple serial computational steps, with potential accumulation of errors. Using a molecular switching element with multiple non‐monotonic and deterministic transitions, the device count and the number of computational steps can be substantially reduced. With molecular materials, however, the realization of a reliable and robust platform is an unattained goal for decades. Here, crossbar arrays with up to 64 molecular memristors are fabricated to experimentally demonstrate 8‐bit serial and 4‐bit parallel adders that operate for thousands of measurement cycles with an estimated error probability of 10−16. For performance benchmarking, a 32‐bit parallel adder is designed and simulated with 268 million inputs including contributions from the peripheral circuitry showing a 47× higher energy efficiency, 93× faster operation, and 9% of the footprint, leading to 4390 times improved energy–delay product compared to a special purpose complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐based multicore adder.
Ferrielectricity in the Archetypal Antiferroelectric, PbZrO3
Authors: Yao Yulian , Naden Aaron , Tian Mengkun , Lisenkov Sergey , Beller Zachary , Kumar Amit , Kacher Josh , Ponomareva Inna , Bassiri‐Gharb Nazanin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAntiferroelectric materials, where the transition between antipolar and polar phase is controlled by external electric fields, offer exceptional energy storage capacity with high efficiencies, giant electrocaloric effect, and superb electromechanical response. PbZrO3 is the first discovered and the archetypal antiferroelectric material. Nonetheless, substantial challenges in processing phase pure PbZrO3 have limited studies of the undoped composition, hindering understanding of the phase transitions in this material or unraveling the controversial origins of a low‐field ferroelectric phase observed in lead zirconate thin films. Leveraging highly oriented PbZrO3 thin films, a room‐temperature ferrielectric phase is observed in the absence of external electric fields, with modulations of amplitude and direction of the spontaneous polarization and large anisotropy for critical electric fields required for phase transition. The ferrielectric state observations are qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions, and correlate with very high dielectric tunability, and ultrahigh strains (up to 1.1%). This work suggests a need for re‐evaluation of the fundamental science of antiferroelectricity in this archetypal material.
When Chirophotonic Film Meets Wrinkles: Viewing Angle Independent Corrugated Photonic Crystal Paper
Authors: Lim Seok‐In , Jang Eunji , Yu Dongmin , Koo Jahyeon , Kang Dong‐Gue , Lee Kyung Min , Godman Nicholas P. , McConney Michael E. , Kim Dae‐Yoon , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLight manipulation strategies of nature have fascinated humans for centuries. In particular, structural colors are of considerable interest due to their ability to control the interaction between light and matter. Here, wrinkled photonic crystal papers (PCPs) are fabricated to demonstrate the consistent reflection of colors regardless of viewing angles. The nanoscale molecular self‐assembly of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) with a microscale corrugated surface is combined. Fully polymerizable CLC paints are uniaxially coated onto a wrinkled interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) substrate. Photopolymerization of the helicoidal nanostructures results in a flexible and free‐standing PCP. The facile method of fabricating the wrinkled PCPs provides a scalable route for the development of novel chirophotonic materials with precisely controlled helical pitch and curvature dimensions. The reflection notch position of the flat PCP shifts to a lower wavelength when the viewing angle increased, while the selective reflection wavelength of wrinkled PCP is remained consistent regardless of viewing angles. The optical reflection of the 1D stripe‐wrinkled PCP is dependent on the wrinkle direction. PCPs with different corrugated directions can be patterned to reduce the angular‐dependent optical reflection of wrinkles. Furthermore, 2D wavy‐wrinkled PCP is successfully developed that exhibit directionally independent reflection of color.
Lymph‐Node‐Targeted Drug Delivery for Effective Immunomodulation to Prolong the Long‐Term Survival After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Che Yan‐Jia , Ren Xiao‐He , Wang Zhi‐Wei , Wu Qi , Xing Kai , Zhang Min , Xu Chang , Han Di , Yuan Shun , Zheng Si‐Hao , Chen Yuan‐Yang , Liao Xin‐Ru , Shi Feng , Zhong Xiao‐Han , Cai Xin , Cheng Si‐Xue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe chronic rejection responses and side effects of the systematic administration of immunosuppressants are the main obstacles to heart allograft and patient survival. The development of xenotransplantation also urgently requires more efficient immune regulation strategies. Herein, it is demonstrated that lymph‐node (LN)‐targeted drug delivery can realize LN‐specific immunomodulation with attenuated immune suppression on distant peripheral immune organs to effectively prolong long‐term survival after heart transplantation in a chronic murine heart transplantation model. A chemokine C‐C motif ligand 21 (CCL21) specific aptamer for LN targeting is decorated onto the surface of the hybrid nanoparticular delivery vector mainly composed of CaCO3/CaP/heparin. The targeting delivery system can dramatically enhance accumulation of the loaded immunosuppressant, fingolimod hydrochloride (FTY720), in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) for inducing powerful immune suppression. By promoting the generation of endogenous regulatory T cells (Tregs) and decreasing the proportion of effector T cells (Teffs) in dLNs after heart transplantation, the LN‐targeting strategy can effectively regulate local immune responses instead of systemic immunity, which reduces the incidence of long‐term complications. This study provides an efficient strategy to improve the survival rate after organ transplantation by precise and localized immunoregulation with minimized side effects of immunosuppression.