bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Penangananan Perbaikan Dan Pemeliharaan Jalan Berdasarkan Kondisi Tingkat Kerusakan Pada Ruas Tol Jakarta – Tangerang
Authors: Handayasari Indah , Andi Firdaus Dewa 
Published: January 2025

Abstrak: Jalan tol Jakarta-Tangerang adalah ruas jalan tol yang menghubungkan Jakarta dengan Tangerang yang dikelola oleh PT. Jasa Marga Tbk dan merupakan salah satu jalan tol yang cukup sibuk di Indonesia dikarenakan lokasinya yang menghubungan tempat penting yang dapat diakses melalui jalan tol Jakarta – Tangerang. Melihat pentingnya peran jalan tol ini, maka pada penelitian ini mengkaji penentuan penanganan kerusakan jalan yang ditinjau berdasarkan metode PCI serta membandingkan hasil yang didapatkan dengan hasil metode IRI pada proyek pemeliharaan jalan tol Jakarta – Tangerang. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan menggunakan metode PCI pada ruas jalan tol Jakarta-Tangerang STA 18+400 – 21+300 ditemukan bahwa kerusakan yang terjadi teramati didominasi oleh tingkat medium. Adapun hasil perhitungan didapatkan rata-rata sebesar 80,3 dengan kondisi sangat baik dan sebesar 74,6 dengan kondisi sangat baik. Untuk penanganan pemeliharaan ruas jalan tol Jakarta-Tangerang STA 18+400 – 21+300 baik menggunakan metode PCI (Pavement Condition Index) dan metode IRI (International Roughness Index) memberikan rekomendasi dilakukan pemeliharaan rutin. Hal ini dikarenakan hasil penilaian kedua metode tersebut mendapatkan rata-rata nilai yang baik.

Kata Kunci: Kerusakan Jalan, Pavement Condition Index (PCI), International Roughness Index (IRI)
Simbol Sapaan Manasumo Raka? Sebagai Teologi Lokal: Upaya Menjaga Relasi Masyarakat Beragama di Toraja
Authors: Welem Theofilus 
Published: January 2025

Artikel ini menjelaskan bagaimana ungkapan lokal manasumo raka? yang mulai pudar dalam masyarakat Toraja dapat menjadi sumber teologi persahabatan antara masyarakat beda agama di Toraja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan pendekatan teori interaksionisme simbolik Mead dan Teologi Lokal Sedmark. Hasil artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa sapaan manasumo raka? mengandung unsur persahabatan, kekeluargaan yang merujuk pada keterbukaan, sekaligus juga sebagai ekspresi anti-ego yang amat khas sebagai identitas orang Toraja. Sapaan ini menjadi simbol upaya orang Toraja untuk membuka sekat-sekat yang memisahkan masyarakat, baik itu dalam hal status sosial, status ekonomi, usia, dan tentunya perbedaan agama, sehingga dapat dilihat bahwa ungkapan ini memiliki makna dan nilai yang sangat dan lebih mendalam daripada ungkapan atau sapaan keagamaan lainnya.
Production of Sodium Hypochlorite by Electrochemical Methods: Development of New Generation Electrodes
Authors: Ceyhan Gökhan , Çalışkan Ebru , Işık Orhan 
Published: January 2025

In the denim sector, the difficulty in the supply of sodium hypochlorite used in the washing processes where bleaching and bleaching processes are carried out and the hydrogen peroxide chemicals required for neutralization have become an important problem in the global market and their costs have increased. In addition, green chemistry and sustainable synthesis reactions are attracting attention in today's world where environmental concerns have reached the highest level. Electrochemical techniques, one of them, are generally used in treatment and disinfectant production. Industrially, the synthesis of sodium hypochlorite is carried out with chemicals and processes that are harmful to the environment. In this study, the synthesis of sodium hypochlorite, which is a bleaching and bleaching chemical used in various fields in denim production lines, as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly and sustainable green chemistry was carried out using electrochemical techniques with brine. Thanks to the new generation electrode and electrochemical cell design prepared using Mn (III) imprinted 402 grade steel, sodium hypochlorite production efficiency was improved by 40%. The bleaching and effecting results were compared with the conventional ones and found to be more effective.
Predicting Urban Green Infrastructures of Ecosystem Services in Tehran Metropolitan Area Sprawl with Landsat Satellite time Series Data
Authors: Nasr Tahereh , Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri Kamran , Khedmatzadeh Ali , Najaf Mousavi Mir , Rajabi Azita 
Published: January 2025

Urban green infrastructures play a crucial role in providing ecosystem services in metropolitan areas. However, the rapid urbanization and destruction of these infrastructures have become major concerns in the Tehran Metropolitan Region (TMR). This study focuses on analyzing the changes in Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) to highlight the significance of urban ecosystem services. The research utilized free Landsat time-series data from 2000, 2010, and 2020 to create a TMR development dataset. The study employed cellular automata and Markov chains to demonstrate the changes in LULC and the decline of urban green infrastructures in TMR. Six validated LULC classes were selected, including built up, garden, rainfed, soil and mountain, water, and cultivation. The data indicated that TMR’s agricultural development and urban green infrastructures have increased by 21% since 2000, reaching 45% in 2020, and are expected to grow by 43% of the TMR’s total LULC until 2040. The study highlights the potential risks of overusing lands for green infrastructure development, which have been as results of human activities by rapid urbanization, industrialization, and population growth. Furthermore, the growth of green infrastructure at the provincial level does not fully support TMR’s ecological capabilities. This study emphasizes the need for effective urban planning policies to ensure the sustainable development of urban green infrastructures and ecosystem services in metropolitan areas.
Safety Leadership Penerapan Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja Dan Lingkungan Dalam Proyek Konstruksi Pembangunan Gedung Teater Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Betty Hariyani  
Published: January 2025

Safety Leadership merupakan proses interaksi antara pemimpin dan pekerja untuk mencapai tujuan keselamatan yang sangat penting dalam keberlangsungan proyek. Safety Leadership Penerapan Keselamatan, Kesehatan Kerja Dan Lingkungan Dalam Proyek Konstruksi (Studi Kasus Pembangunan Gedung Teater Kabupaten Karanganyar), penelitian untuk mencari pengaruh safety leadership PT. Bettindo Bintang Perkasa terhadap perilaku keselamatan pekerja, mengetahui kepatuhan dan kedisiplinan pekerja dalam memakai Alat Pelindung Diri, khususnya pekerja pada ketinggian. Metodologi penelitian membahas rancangan, variabel penelitian & definisi operasional, serta teknik pengumpulan & analisis data. Langkah penelitian dengan menggunakan cross sectional, data diperoleh dari lembar checklist observasi dan wawancara. Hasil dan Analisa penelitian menyajikan kajian evaluasi penerapan prosedur kerja Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja, evaluasi kesesuaian teknik aman bekerja di ketinggian, penerapan penggunaan alat pelindung diri & perangkat penahan jatuh serta tenaga kerja bekerja pada ketinggian.
ANALISIS METODE PERCEPATAN TIME COST TRADE OFF PADA PROYEK REVITALISASI TERMINAL PENUMPANG TIPE A BOBOTSARI
Authors: M. Afif Salim  , Defri Dwista Rahma  
Published: January 2025

Proyek Peningkatan/Revitalisasi Terminal Penumpang Tipe A Bobotsari mengalami hambatan di lapangan yang menyebabkan keterlambatan dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peran manajemen konstruksi untuk pengawasan proyek demi mencapai hasil yang optimal. Tindakan yang diambil adalah merencanakan dan menganalisis estimasi waktu dan biaya konstruksi pada pekerjaan struktur dengan penambahan jam kerja dan tenaga kerja menggunakan metode time cost trade off dengan bantuan software Primavera Project Planner P6 agar proyek dapat selesai tepat waktu. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, estimasi waktu pelaksanaan pekerjaan struktur dengan metode time cost trade off adalah 124 hari kalender, yang lebih cepat 9 hari kalender dibandingkan durasi normal (133 hari kalender). Biaya yang timbul akibat penambahan jam kerja sebesar Rp2.641.480.280,00 yang lebih besar Rp97.126.530,00 dibandingkan biaya normal (Rp2.544.353.750,00), dan biaya akibat penambahan tenaga kerja sebesar Rp2.554.488.416,00 yang lebih besar Rp10.134.666,00 dibandingkan biaya normal (Rp2.544.353.750,00).
Estrategias empresariales en las pymes para hacer frente a la inflación
Authors: Molina Galicia Wilberth Alfredo , Pérez Santiago Aarón Antonio 
Published: January 2025

La inflación en México ha sido en los últimos años moderada debido a que aumenta en un porcentaje anual no mayor al 10% de acuerdo a los datos proporcionados por INPC por lo que año con año se ven afectados los precios de los productos vendidos por los comerciantes en los cuales tienen que emplear estrategias para no incrementar demasiado el precio que ocasiones una disminución de la demanda y por consecuencia disminuye su participación en el mercado. Este proyecto identificará las estrategias empleadas por las empresas que les ha permitido lograr su permanencia en el mercado. Por la metodología de la investigación documental se documentaron estrategias empleadas para mitigar la inflación. Como resultado se plantean las estrategias empresariales que pueden emplear las pymes para afrontar la inflación misma que les permitirán estar en el mercado a través del tiempo generando las ganancias requeridas para no operar en pérdidas económicas.
Impact of School Integration on Socio-Adaptive Behaviors in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Achachera Asma 
Published: January 2025

It has been shown that students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present behavioural, communication, and socialisation difficulties that hinder their social adaptation. Fortunately, these obstacles may be overcome by integrating into a typical environment. The present study aims to determine, on the one hand, whether the schooling of children with ASD can modify their socio-adaptive behaviours, including communication, socialisation, motor skills, and daily living skills and, on the other hand, if the children’s age, gender, ASD level of severity, and type of provided support can influence the changes that occur in these adaptive behaviours. To achieve these objectives, it was deemed appropriate to conduct a longitudinal study on a sample of 18 primary school students with ASD selected using a purposive sampling technique. The socio-adaptive behaviours of these students were assessed twice over one year using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) II. They were evaluated first at time T1 (the beginning of school integration, at the start of the school year) and then at time T2 (the end of school integration, after one school year). The study's findings indicated that socio-adaptive behaviours' subdomains were significantly improved at time T2. However, the play, leisure, and social adaptation subdomains showed no significant changes. According to the descriptive analysis and effect size results, these changes can be influenced by the type of support, the severity level of autism spectrum disorder, and the age and gender of children, even though the statistical analysis did not show any significant differences. However, these results cannot be generalised because the student sample size considered in this study is not large enough.
Evaluasi Pemahaman Masyarakat Dalam Penanganan Sampah Rumah Tangga Di Desa Bongkudai Kecamatan Modayag Barat Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur
Authors: Rokot Agus , Kawatu Yozua T , Pandean Marlin , Jusran Mokoginta , Kabuhung Anselmus 
Published: January 2025

Masalah sampah rumah tangga meningkat terkait dengan kesejahteraan yang meningkat dengan signifikan sehingga daya konsumsi makin bertambah dengan berbagai macam variasi makanan dan kebutuhan yang sangat konsumtif Masyarakat kota maupun pedesaan sehingga perlu diimbangi dengan dukungan sarana dan prasarana penunjang. Hasil survey dan evaluasi di masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa Masyarakat penyuluhan dari pihak yang berwenang yaitu pemerintah pada bagian penanganan sampah yang berada di wilayah kerja desa Bongkudai kecamatan Modayag Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur Provinsi Sulawesi Utara
Jenis penelitian ini merupakan kualitatif dengan proses berdasarkan persepsi dari satu fenomena dengan Langkah evaluasi pada Masyarakat dan petugas penyuluhan lewat penyuluhan atau pemberitaan lainya dari pemerintah terkait pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga. Populasi yaitu seluruh Masyarakat yang tinggal di Bongkudai dengan populasi 526 KK yang disurvei 283 KK dengan Sampel cuplikan sebanyak 144 responden dengan pengambilan data lewat kuesioner pertanyaan yang dikerjakan atau dijawab tanpa tekanan dari siapapun
Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa Masyarakat yang ada di desa Bongkudai kecamatan Modayag Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur dalam proses pengelolaan sampah yang dihasilkan dalam kegiatan rumah tangga belum banyak mendalami bahwa sampah merupakan sarana untuk penyebaran penyakit, kurang menerima/ mendengar penyuluhan tentang sampah sehingga belum maksimal dalam menangani sampah rumah tangga.
Արդարադատության դոկտրինալ և օրենսդրական հիմքերի պատմական զարգացման հիմնական ուղենիշները / Basic Stages of Historical Development of Doctrinal and Legislative Bases of Justice
Authors: Stepanyan Norayr V. 
Published: January 2025

The idea of justice, as a demand for a fair and correct settlement of disputes by competent authorities within the framework of established procedures, arose in ancient times.
Its sources can be found in “Rigveda”, sacred texts of Indian peoples, “Avesta”, in the book of prophecies and sermons of old Iranian prophet Zoroaster, in the Bible, the Quran and other sacred writings.
Justice... What is the base of this word? What ideas did people put on the foundation on which this legal institution was built? How did the ideas of justice and law unite in this term and lay the foundation for the emergence of judiciary, which today is bulwark of any legal democratic state.
Analyzing the legal literature, it could be mentioned that issues regarding the statehood, law and justice concerned Aristotle, G.V.F. Hegel, H. Grotius, E. Kant, Plato, M. Cicero, Montesquieu and other famous thinkers. Later, their ideas were reflected in the works of our modern S. Alexeyev, D. Ikonnikova, D. Kerimov, A. Levchenkov, V. Nersesyants, A. Sachkov, V. Smorodinsk, V. Sokhantseva and other authors. However, the nature of justice is dynamic, justice is constantly developing under the influence of the transformation processes taking place in society and the state.
As justice is really one of the main, important directions typical of state activity, then numerous researchers in the field of state and theory of law and history, answering the first question, usually agreed that justice is equal to both the state and the law.
This theoretical conclusion is based on the following grounds;
•	First, justice is fundamentally impossible without the existence of a certain legal basis, because its existence motivates the parties to seek protection in the state, including in the court, in case of violation of any specific subjective right. Indeed, if there is no law, neither the court is required, and if there is no court, then the normal operation of the law is also violated. In this case, the court gives life to the law and stands for “living right”.
•	Second, the assumption that the court is considered the equal and adjacent to the law and the state, has been thoroughly confirmed by the historical monuments that have reached us. According to which, any legal system is impossible without a court, an institution of justice, which is envisaged for restoration of violated right and social justice.
Nursing Caring Behavior Based on Jean Watson's Theory is Related to Anxiety Levels in Pre-Operative Patients
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Alfara Wina , Ritawati Ritawati , Simeulu Putro , Taufik Taufik 
Published: January 2025

Background: Anxiety is the main cause of individual helplessness and accounts for around 15% of global morbidity. More than 28% of people experience anxiety at the age of 18 to old age, where anxiety is usually also associated with psychological conditions and declining individual health so that they must be hospitalized. Caring behavior carried out by nurses makes patients tend to be more comfortable and more optimistic about their recovery.
Purpose: To find out the relationship between caring behavior of nurses based on Jean Watson's theory and the level of anxiety in pre-operative patients.
Methods: The type of quantitative research using correlational research design and Cross Sectional Study approach. The population used is pre-operative patients who are in the Regional General Hospital. The sampling method used is non-probability sampling with a sample of 44 respondents. Data collection was carried out through interviews and using the HARS questionnaire.
Results: The results of the Chi-Square Test show a p value of 0.004 < 0.05, which means that there is a significant relationship between the caring behavior of nurses based on Jean Watson's theory and the level of pre-operative patient anxiety at the Meuraxa Regional General Hospital, Banda Aceh.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between caring behavior of nurses based on Jean Watson's theory with the level of preoperative patient anxiety. The more frequently caring behavior is implemented by nurses, the patient's anxiety level will decrease.
Pain Management Intervention in Overcoming Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent Girls at the Bina Dakwah Islamic Boarding School, Loa Bakung District Samarinda
Authors: Adiasih Nisa Solikha , Safrudin Muhammad Bachtiar 
Published: January 2025

Background: The setting of community health services in at-risk groups is often not optimal due to the distance of access to available health services, the lack of promotive efforts of health facilities in providing disease prevention education so that this will have an impact on community health deficiencies in adolescents and ineffective health maintenance. In order for the prevalence of dysmenorrhea problems in the community setting to be reduced, preventive management is needed, namely by reducing community health problems by carrying out several community health programs such as maintaining the management of pain problems as a result of dysmenorrhea symptoms.
Purpose: To determine the level of knowledge and pain of dysmenorrhea in adolescents at the Bina Dakwah Islamic Boarding School, Loa Bakung District, Samarinda after pain management was carried out.
Methods: Descriptive research type through nursing process approach involving 5 respondents. The research instrument used Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to measure the pain scale and knowledge level questionnaire related to adolescent dysmenorrhea pain.
Results: Management of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents through education, dysmenorrhea exercises, and reflexology massage resulted in an increase in the average pain score from 8.2 to 11.8. Meanwhile, for dysmenorrhea pain, there was a decrease on the 3rd day, namely from mild pain (scale 3 to 4) to no pain.
Conclusion: Providing dysmenorrhea management through education, dysmenorrhea exercises, and reflexology massage can increase knowledge and reduce pain in adolescents at the Bina Dakwah Islamic Boarding School, Loa Bakung District, Samarinda.
Application of Slow Deep Breathing Exercise in Reducing Pain Intensity in Pre-Operative Patients with Lateral Inguinal Hernia Sinistra: Case Study
Authors: Suwardi Suwardi , Nirwan Nirwan , Rimadeni Yeni , Oetama Saiful , Halimatussakdiah Halimatussakdiah 
Published: January 2025

Background: Inguinal hernia occurs when there is a protrusion of the contents of a cavity through a weak part of the inguinal gap in the abdominal wall. The occurrence of inguinal hernia is caused by repeated and continuous increase in intra-abdominal pressure. The increase in inguinal hernia cases has now reached 20 million cases, most of which are suffered by late adults to the elderly with the main problem being acute pain and its management through herniotomy. Slow Deep Breathing Exercise is one of the non-pharmacological therapies that is often used to overcome acute pain felt by pre-operative patients.
Purpose: To provide an overview of the application of slow deep breathing in the management of acute pain in preoperative patients with left lateral inguinal hernia treated at the Zainoel Abidin Regional General Hospital, Banda Aceh.
Methods: Descriptive research with case studies through the nursing process approach from assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The subject of the study was 1 Pre-Operative Hernia Inguinalis Lateralis Sinistra patient who was treated in the internal medicine room who was given Slow Deep Breathing Exercise intervention. The research instruments used to collect data were medical surgical nursing care sheets and pain measuring instruments using the Numeric Rating Scale.
Results: After implementing Slow Deep Breathing Exercise twice a day (duration 15 minutes during the intervention) for 3 days combined with oxygen therapy via nasal cannula (3 liters/minute), the patient's main problem, namely acute pain, decreased from a scale of 8 to 6 with all patient activities still being assisted.
Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the patient's problem, namely acute pain, was partially resolved through the Slow Deep Breathing Exercise intervention because the pain still often occurs with an uncertain duration and interferes with the patient's basic needs.
Cardiovascular Safety of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Hypogonadal Men
Authors: Kissock Jagoda 
Published: January 2025

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) aims to restore serum testosterone levels in men with hypogonadism. Symptoms associated with hypogonadism include reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, depression, and loss of muscle mass and bone density. The primary purpose of TRT is to alleviate these symptoms and improve quality of life by restoring serum testosterone levels to the physiological range.
The prevalence of hypogonadism in men increases with age, affecting approximately 2–5% of middle-aged and older men and up to 20% of elderly men. Despite its therapeutic benefits, the cardiovascular safety of TRT remains a topic of debate and investigation. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among men, and any therapy that might influence cardiovascular risk requires careful evaluation. Early observational studies raised concerns about potential adverse cardiovascular outcomes associated with TRT. These findings prompted regulatory agencies to issue warnings and recommend further research. In response, more recent trials, including the TRAVERSE Study, have provided new insights into the relationship between TRT and cardiovascular health. This article aims to provide a review of recent evidence on the cardiovascular safety of TRT.