bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does restoration success vary with tree size under restoration plantings and regrowth forests?
Authors: Ssekuubwa Enock , van Goor Wouter , Snoep Martijn , Riemer Kars , Wanyama Fredrick , Waiswa Daniel , Yikii Fred , Tweheyo Mnason 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeveral studies evaluate active (i.e., seeding/planting) and passive (i.e., protecting forest regrowth) restoration, but few studies examine successional patterns for different plant sizes. By using biodiversity and structure, we examined whether restoration communities approach old‐growth forests over time, and whether restoration success varies for different tree sizes in both active and passive interventions. We examined how initial site conditions affect active restoration. Small (dbh ≥ 5 cm), medium (≥15 cm), and large trees (≥30 cm) were measured in 2003–2017 in permanent sample plots in restoration plantings (initially 3–8 years old) and in an old‐growth forest in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Trees were also measured in regrowth forests (initially 16 years old) in 2011–2017. We collated information about site conditions from restoration reports. Biodiversity and structure increased over time towards the old‐growth forest. Restoration plantings and regrowth forests recovered diversity and structure of small and medium trees except for large trees. Forest recovery increased with proportions of remnant banana plants and shrubs, while isolation from the old‐growth forest slowed recovery. Disaggregating vegetation inventory data by tree size may be useful in achieving a holistic measure of restoration. Restorationists could prioritize sites with remnant banana plants and shrubs, and sites closer to old‐growth forests in order to achieve better results.
Blastomycosis‐like pyoderma: A pitfall for the misdiagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ilagan Franchesca Marie D. , Wu Yu‐Hung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBlastomycosis‐like pyoderma is a rare cutaneous disease presenting as solitary or multiple verrucous or ulcerated plaques and nodules in a susceptible patient. The diagnostic criteria include characteristic verrucous plaques with pustules and elevated borders, histopathologic findings of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia with abscesses, growth of at least one bacterium in tissue culture, and exclusion of other infectious sources. This report describes a case of a 62‐year‐old man with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented with plaques, nodules, and ulcers in both groins and the right ankle. The patient was initially misdiagnosed with multiple squamous cell carcinomas and underwent several operations. A review of the pathology slides revealed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia with multiple dermal abscesses, while repeated wound and tissue cultures were positive for coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus. Blastomycosis‐like pyoderma was diagnosed. The patient was subsequently treated with culture‐guided prolonged antibiotic therapy followed by intralesional steroid injection, which led to gradual resolution of the lesions.
Merkel cell number and distribution, and CD200 expression in patients with lichen planopilaris and discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Erbağcı Ece , Karaduman Ayşen , Gököz Özay , Evans Sibel Ersoy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmune mechanisms are considered to be responsible for the pathogenesis of cicatricial alopecia in lichen planopilaris (LPP) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) diseases. CD200 has an immunomodulatory function in hair follicles. The functions of Merkel cells (MCs) in hair follicles remain to be fully understood.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the number and distribution of MCs as well as CD200 expression in patients with DLE and LPP.MethodsUsing immunohistochemistry, the number and distribution of MCs (staining with CK20) and CD200 expression in biopsy specimens of LPP and DLE patients were compared with control group patients.ResultsThe number of follicular MCs, total MCs, mean follicular MCs, and CD200 expression were significantly lower in the case groups compared to the control group. In CD200− cases, the number of follicular MCs and mean follicular MCs were significantly lower than in CD200+ cases. Retrospective design, lack of data regarding the history of alopecia in the control group, and unknown stage of disease in patients were the limitations.ConclusionMC loss might play a role in immune privilege collapse in hair follicles. This study is novel in terms of investigating MCs in DLE and LPP patients.
Development of squamous cell carcinoma in the setting of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus may be associated with plasmacytoid dendritic cell inflammation
Authors: Ju Teresa , Ingrasci Giuseppe , Diaz‐Perez Julio A. , Obayomi Aderonke , Yosipovitch Gil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiscoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the most common type of cutaneous lupus and is clinically characterized by alopecia, depigmentation, and scars on sun‐exposed skin. Squamous cell carcinoma is a potential long‐term complication. The most important risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma development in people with dark skin is chronic scarring and inflammation, such as those seen in long‐standing discoid plaques. African Americans who develop squamous cell carcinoma in the setting of chronic scarring and inflammation have a greater risk of metastasis and recurrence compared to sun‐induced squamous cell carcinoma seen in whites. Despite this, the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma development in chronic DLE is not fully understood. Herein, we describe a case of an African American patient who developed squamous cell carcinoma on a long‐standing discoid plaque. Analysis of the lesion revealed a null type pattern of p53 protein expression and abundant CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells, as potential drivers of oncogenesis and inflammation, respectively. Dermatologists should be aware of the increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma development within long‐standing discoid plaques for a prompt early diagnosis and active long‐term surveillance.
Clear cell variant of atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: Molecular characterization and review of the literature
Authors: Coelho‐Lima Jose , Bruty Jonathan , Watkins James , Liu Hongxiang , Price Richard , Stefanos Niki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAtypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) are unusual cutaneous tumors that typically arise in sun‐damaged skin of elderly individuals. Several histopathologic variants have been described, but the clear cell variant is particularly rare with only 18 cases of AFX and one case of PDS reported. Here, we present two cases of clear cell AFX and PDS highlighting key histopathologic findings and molecular alterations assessed by next‐generation sequencing.
Reptile richness and genetic divergence patterns were shaped by current and past climate in and around the Irano‐Anatolian global biodiversity hotspot: Implications for conservation
Authors: Yousefi Masoud , Kafash Anooshe , Nicolaï Michaël P. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe Irano‐Anatolian biodiversity hotspot is among the least‐known biodiversity hotspots on earth. In this study, we aim to map the richness and genetic divergence of lizards in the biodiversity hotspot and its surrounding areas and identify the most important determinants of the richness and genetic divergence patterns.LocationIran and Turkey (Irano‐Anatolian biodiversity hotspot).MethodsHere, we mapped the distribution of 211 lizard species in Iran and Turkey using existing occurrence data and generated the first genetic divergence pattern map of the lizard species in the two countries to identify areas of high species diversity and genetic divergence in the Irano‐Anatolian biodiversity hotspot. We also identified determinants of lizard richness and genetic divergence patterns.ResultsResults showed that the Zagros Mountains, Central Iranian Plateau and the northern Persian Gulf have the highest lizard richness. The Zagros Mountains, Central Iranian Plateau, the northern Persian Gulf and the regions around the Lut Desert and Jazmourian Plain have the highest total genetic divergence in Iran. Alborz and Kopet Dag mountains and south western parts of Turkey have the highest average genetic divergence. The annual temperature was the most important predictor of lizard richness, and temperature change velocity was the most influential determinant of genetic divergence pattern. Much to our surprise, species diversity and most areas with high genetic divergence are located outside of Irano‐Anatolian biodiversity hotspot.Main conclusionsThis study showed that lizard richness and genetic divergence patterns are associated with current and past climate. In particular, this study highlights the legacy of past climate changes on lizard genetic divergence distribution patterns. We showed that most of the species‐rich and genetically diverse regions are located outside of the biodiversity hotspot. So conservation efforts that are concentrated inside the biodiversity hotspot may not benefit lizard biodiversity conservation. Thus, future studies and conservation programs on the biodiversity hotspot should also consider its surrounding areas.
Reproductive dispersion and damping time scale with life‐history speed
Authors: Jiang Sha , Jaggi Harman , Zuo Wenyun , Oli Madan K. , Coulson Tim , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Tuljapurkar Shripad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIteroparous species may reproduce at many different ages, resulting in a reproductive dispersion that affects the damping of population perturbations, and varies among life histories. Since generation time () is known to capture aspects of life‐history variation, such as life‐history speed, does also determine reproductive dispersion () or damping time ()? Using phylogenetically corrected analyses on 633 species of animals and plants, we find, firstly, that reproductive dispersion scales isometrically with . Secondly, and unexpectedly, we find that the damping time () does not scale isometrically with generation time, but instead changes only as with (also, there is a similar scaling with ). This non‐isometric scaling implies a novel demographic contrast: increasing generation times correspond to a proportional increase in reproductive dispersion, but only to a slower increase in the damping time. Thus, damping times are partly decoupled from the slow‐fast continuum, and are determined by factors other than allometric constraints.
Guidelines for improving statistical analyses of validation datasets for plant pest diagnostic tests
Authors: Massart Sebastien , Lebas Benedicte , Chabirand Aude , Chappé Anne‐Marie , Dreo Tanja , Faggioli Francesco , Harrison Catherine , Macarthur Roy , Mehle Natasha , Mezzalama Monica , Petter Françoise , Ravnikar Maja , Renvoisé Jean‐Philippe , Spadaro Davide , Tomassoli Laura , Tomlinson Jenny , Trontin Charlotte , van der Vlugt René , Vučurović Ana , Weekes Rebecca , Brostaux Yves 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAppropriate statistical analysis of the validation data for diagnostic tests facilitates the evaluation of the performance criteria and increases the confidence in the conclusions drawn from these data. A comprehensive approach to analysing and reporting data from validation studies and inter‐laboratory comparisons such as test performance studies is described. The proposed methods, including statistical analyses, presentation and interpretation of the data, are illustrated using a real dataset generated during a test performance study conducted in the framework of the European project, VALITEST. This analytical approach uses, wherever possible and whenever applicable, statistical analyses recommended by international standards illustrating their application to plant health diagnostic tests. The present work is addressed to plant health diagnosticians and researchers interested and/or involved in the validation of plant diagnostic tests, and also aims to convey the necessary information to those without a statistical background. Detailed statistical explanations are provided in the Appendices.
Public university research engagement contradictions in a commercialising higher education world
Authors: Parker Lee D 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to critically assess the impact of public university commercialisation on research engagement and practice relevance. Recent decades have seen dramatic changes in university environments, identities and missions, as well as in government and private sector funding and involvement. As increasingly commercialised and corporatised organisations, universities have increasingly mimicked private sector hierarchical organisation structures, professionally managed and subject to performance management via proliferating management control systems. From accumulated prior research, this paper finds university research now primarily conducted for the private rather than public good, researchers being subject to and tailoring their endeavors to conform with proliferating metrics focused university management control systems. External engagement appears as a university impression management strategy, while internally, researchers are still compelled to pursue a contradictory focus on high‐status self‐referential journal publication venues. This contradictory environment is found to have produced an increasing distance between university research and professional practice and between research and professional communities.
Impact of the use of different temperature‐dependent larval development functions on estimates of potential large‐scale connectivity of American lobster
Authors: Quinn Brady K. , Chassé Joël , Rochette Rémy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe way in which the effect of temperature on the development rate of crustacean larvae is simulated in larval dispersal models potentially impacts the inferences made about population recruitment and connectivity. In this study, we contrasted dispersal and connectivity predictions made by a large‐scale dispersal model of American lobster (Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837) larvae using three temperature‐dependent larval development functions proposed in the literature: (1) “warm‐source lab”, (2) “warm‐source field”, and (3) “cold‐source lab”. Differences in predictions using each function were contrasted in the northern (colder) and southern (warmer) portions of the species' range. Using these different development functions resulted in significant and marked differences (61.3–162.4 km in the north and 30.9–81.9 km in the south) in the distances dispersed by larvae from hatch to settlement. In general, predicted self‐seeding, retention, and local connectivity were increased, and predicted connectivity among distant locations was decreased, when a function predicting faster development was used. The field‐derived function predicted much less connectivity and decreased dispersal overall than both lab‐derived functions. The cold‐source lab function predicted more retention in northern regions, but less in southern regions, than the warm‐source lab function. Our findings indicate the need for more studies to quantify the rate at which lobster larvae develop in nature, including how this may vary over space and time.
Establishment of the Japanese version of the dementia stigma assessment scale
Authors: Noguchi Taiji , Shang Erhua , Nakagawa Takeshi , Komatsu Ayane , Murata Chiyoe , Saito Tami 
Published: August 2022

AimReducing stigma against dementia is a global challenge, but the assessment scale is not well established. We examined the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the assessment scale of public stigma against dementia.MethodsThis study recruited 819 adults aged 20–69 years (mean age = 45.9 years; 52.0% females) through an internet survey, and 34 community‐dwelling adults aged 20–78 years (mean age = 45.8 years; 55.9% females). Participants completed the Japanese version of the assessment scale of dementia stigma developed by Phillipson et al., with forward and back translations. In the internet survey sample, exploratory factor analysis was performed to verify factorial validity, and correlations with ageism and dementia attitudes were examined to test the concurrent validity. In the community sample, test–retest reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between two responses with a two‐week interval.ResultsFactor analysis revealed a four‐factor structure: “personal avoidance,” “fear of labeling,” “person centeredness,” and “fear of discrimination” (Cronbach's α = 0.892, 0.840, 0.879, 0.829, respectively). Personal avoidance, fear of labeling, and fear of discrimination were positively correlated with ageism (r = 0.598, 0.214, 0.369) and negatively correlated with dementia attitudes (r = −0.745, −0.453, −0.475); person centeredness was inversely correlated with ageism (r = −0.322), but positively correlated with dementia attitudes (r = 0.537), showing good concurrent validity. The scale showed acceptable test–retest reliability (ICCs = 0.67–0.80).ConclusionsThe Japanese version of the assessment scale of public stigma against dementia was established with good concurrent validity and adequate reliability. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 790–796.
Challenges and Experiences of Managed Aquifer Recharge in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area
Authors: Palma Nava Adriana , Parker Timothy K. , Carmona Paredes Rafael B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) is a significant and important urban center in North America, covering an area of approximately 9500 km2 with a population of almost 23 million, yet the water supply remains unsustainable. The total water demand in the MCMA is 84 m3/s and is provided by groundwater (63% or 53 m3/s), imported water (27% or 23 m3/s) and recycled water (10% or 8 m3/s). The natural recharge of the MCMA aquifer is approximately 23 m3/s, indicating an overexploitation of groundwater resources of approximately 25 m3/s (800 Mm3 annually), a reasonable future goal for recharge in the MCMA. Hydrologic analysis indicates two main opportunities currently to increase water supply in the MCMA: indirect water reuse with recycled water and managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with storm water. An inventory of MAR project case studies in the MCMA summarizes methods for recharge, water sources, geographical distribution, and the main results obtained in each project for the last 80 years. The inventory consists of 21 MCMA area MAR case studies including (1) conceptual, (2) design level, and (3) pilot‐ to full‐scale facilities, only some of which have operated for relatively short periods of time, with one remaining MAR project currently operational. The review found that beyond the technical and economic issues that MAR project design normally address, the existing regulatory framework and the continuous change in water district chairs in charge of the operation and supply of water are significant barriers to increasing MAR in the MCMA.
Analysis of fibrinogen concentrate pharmacokinetics and dosing for bleeds and surgery in adults, adolescents, and children with congenital afibrinogenaemia and hypofibrinogenaemia
Authors: Djambas Khayat Claudia , Lohade Sunil D. , Zekavat Omid R. , Kruzhkova Irina , Solomon Cristina , Knaub Sigurd , Peyvandi Flora 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionCongenital afibrinogenaemia and hypofibrinogenaemia are rare coagulation disorders where clotting is impaired due to a lack of fibrinogen. Consequent bleeding episodes (BEs) are treated using human fibrinogen concentrate (HFC).AimThis post‐hoc analysis compared HFC pharmacokinetics (PK) and dosing between patient age groups and defined the in vivo recovery (IVR) for children with a‐ and hypofibrinogenaemia.MethodsThe analysis used data from the FORMA‐01 (Phase 2), FORMA‐02 and FORMA‐04 (Phase 3) multinational, prospective, open‐label studies in patients with a‐ and hypofibrinogenaemia. HFC PK in adults/adolescents (≥12 years; FORMA‐01) and children (<12 years; FORMA‐04) was examined. Haemostatic efficacy in BE treatment and perioperative prophylaxis was examined in FORMA‐02 and FORMA‐04 using an objective 4‐point scale, with success defined as excellent/good.ResultsMedian (range) age was 23 years for FORMA‐01 (12–53; n = 22), 26.5 years for FORMA‐02 (12–54; n = 25), and 6 years for FORMA‐04 (1–10; n = 13). Mean PK parameters were lower for children (AUC, Cmax, IVR; p = .02), while clearance was higher. Median (range) total dose of HFC for all BEs was 59.41 mg/kg (32.12–273.80) in adults/adolescents and was 24% higher (ns) in children at 73.91 mg/kg (47.45–262.50). Treatment was successful in 98.9% of the 89 BEs in adults/adolescents and in 100% of the 10 BEs in children, with comparable results for perioperative prophylaxis.ConclusionAs expected, HFC PK differed between adults/adolescents and children. However, with the higher doses given to children, HFC showed similar efficacy across age groups. Dose adaptation based on age groups appears recommendable.
Health‐risk behaviours co‐occur among children with untreated caries
Authors: Nouraei Nastaran , Sabbah Wael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine whether an aggregate of health risk behaviours is associated with the number of untreated dental caries among 12‐ and 15‐year‐old children in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.Materials and MethodsData were from the Children's Dental Health Survey (CDHS) 2013, a nationally representative sample of England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The survey included assessment of oral health and data on socioeconomic, demographic and behavioural factors pertaining to children aged 12–15 years. Tooth condition (decayed, missing and filled) was assessed by NHS dentists. The survey included questions on age, sex, country, index of multiple deprivation, smoking, alcohol consumption, frequent sugar consumption and sweetened sodas, infrequent dental visit, infrequent toothbrushing and infrequent consumption of fresh fruits. Health risk behaviours were summed up to create an aggregate variable of health risk behaviour. The association between number of untreated caries and the aggregate of health risk behaviours was assessed using negative binomial regression and adjusting for age, sex, country and deprivation.ResultsThe total number of children included in the analysis was 4414. The mean number of untreated caries was generally higher among children with health risk behaviours. The aggregate of risk behaviour was associated with greater prevalence of untreated dental caries with rate ratio (RR) 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 1.36).ConclusionThis study demonstrated an association between an aggregate of health risk behaviours and untreated caries. The findings highlight the importance of addressing multiple risk factors not only those directly related to dental caries.