bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of European Corn Borer on Sweet Corn, 1985
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 15 Jun at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount MN. Treatments were 1 row, 50 ft long, replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Plants were spaced at 7 to 8-inch intervals within rows, 30 inches apart. Twenty-five first ins tar ECB were placed on the silks of all ears in all treatments on 13 Aug. Experimental treatments were separated by 1 row of corn, untreated and not artificially infested with ECB. Insecticidal sprays were applied 3 times, 12, 21, and 27 Aug, to the silk area of the ears. Foliar treatments were applied using a CO2 powered hand-sprayer delivering 36 gal of water/acre at 35 psi. Granular treatments were hand applied by “shaker” in a 12-inch band over the silks. Evaluations were made 16 Sep by scoring 25 randomly selected ears per plot for presence of live ECB larvae or ECB damage to the ear.
Apple, Insect Control, 1984
Authors: Hall F. R. , Aim S. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test pesticides were applied to 3 single-tree replicates: 1 Golden Delicious, 1 Jonathan, and 1 Stayman. The trees were 34 yr old and spaced 40 ft by 40 ft. Treatments were completely randomized and applied with a handgun at 450 psi to all plots on 29 May, 5 and 20 Jun, 3 and 17 Jul and 1 and 15 Aug. All sprays contained Cyprex 65WP at 0.5 lb/100 gal. Rosy apple aphid (RAA) infestations were evaluated by counting curled clusters per tree. Potato leafhopper (PLH), green apple aphid (GAA), woolly apple aphid (WAA), and Japanese beetle (JAP) infestations were evaluated by counting infested terminals per tree. Spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM) infestations were evaluated by counting infested leaves per tree.
Control of Onion Thrips, Seeded Onions, Ft. Collins, Colorado, 1985
Authors: Epsky Nancy D. , Capinera John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onions, cv Brown Beauty, were seeded 2-3 Apr in a field under furrow irrigation at the Colorado State Univ Bay Farm in Fort Collins, Colorado (Larimer Co.). Plots were 8 × 30 ft and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2 hand sprayer delivering 48 gal/acre at 30 psi or were broadcast (Diazinon). Initial application of all insecticides in the test was made 31 Jul (Trial #1). Additional applications, made if mean number of thrips exceeded 10 per plant over all 4 replications in prespray counts, were 20 Aug (Trial #2) and 28 Aug (Trial #3). Evaluations, made by counting the number of nymphs and adults on 10 plants in each plot, were: Trial #1-31 Jul (prespray), 2 Aug (2 day), and 7 Aug (7 day); Trial #2-16 Aug (prespray), 23 Aug (2 day); Trial #3-23 Aug (prespray), 30 Aug (2 day). Percent control was adjusted based on prespray counts in both treatment and control plots. There was no insecticide application prior to the test.
Control of Onion Thrips on Onions, 1985
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onion sets were transplanted on 3 Jun at the Entomology Vegetable Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 4-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 3-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a RCB design. A 2-row tractor-mounted boom, having 3 nozzles/row and delivering 35 gal/acre at 50 psi was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Treatments were applied on 9 Aug. Evaluations were made at 6 and 13 days posttreatment by randomly selecting 2 plants/plot, putting plants in a Berlese for 48 h, and counting the thrips in the collecting jars with a microscope.
Fruit Pest Control, Cherry Peppers, 1984
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cherry peppers were transplanted 17 May near Benson, NC. Terraclor 75W was applied in transplant water. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 84 inch centers replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle operated at 60 psi to deliver 80 gal water per acre. Plots were artificially infested with ECB egg masses on 31 Jul. Three egg masses were placed on each plant. Treatments were applied 5, 27 Jul, 3, 9, 15, and 22 Aug. Fruit was harvested and evaluated for infestation 10, 23 Jul, 6,21, and 27 Aug.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1985
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The foliar and systemic experiments were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates each and were conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1984. The planting dates were 21 May ’85 for the systemic experiment and 22 May, for the foliar experiment. In each experiment the 3-m space between blocks and the 1.4-m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments were sown to oats after planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The healthy Katahdin seed pieces ca. 75 g each were planted with a tractor-pulled, assisted-feed planter. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 7 foliar applications of Dithane M-45 (1681 g/ha weeks of 8 and 15 Jul, 2242 g/ha weeks of 22, 29 Jul, 12, 19 and 26 Aug) and 1 application of Ridomil 2E (1.17 1/ha 31 Jul). Soil applications of insecticides were made with a modified Gandy applicator just prior to planting or as a sidedressing after emergence. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on top, middle, and bottom leaves of 25 plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, aphid counts were made prior to applications of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the data using log10(x + 1). Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using DMRT and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rain fall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 11.2, 13.8 and 6.1 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 15.6, 19.5 and 17.2°C.
Wireworm Control on Potato, Moxee, WA, 1984
Authors: Toba H. H. , Powell D. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effectiveness of different rates of chemicals or application methods in reducing wireworm damage was evaluated in a solid-set sprinkler-irrigated field of potatoes. The soil type was Cleman very fine sandy loam (Aridic Haploxeroll) with a pH of 6.6-7.8 and an organic matter content of 1-2%. On 8 Mar, 5 wireworms were found in 25 soil samples obtained in the test area with a posthole diggger to a depth of at least 18 inches. On 12 Apr, preplant broadcast (PPB) applications of granules were made with a hand-operated Ortho Whirlybird spreader, and the plots rototilled to a depth of 4-6 inches within 1 h after aplication. On 20 Apr, at-plant sidedress (APSD) applications were made with Gandy applicators mounted on the planter by placing the granules in 1-inch bands shanked 3-4 inches to each side and level with the seed pieces. Similarly, at-plant seed-piece furrow (APF) applications were made by placing granules in 1-inch bands in the planter shoe, level with and directly ahead of the seed pieces. On 14 Jun, postemergence sidedress (PESD) applications were made with tractor-mounted Gandy applicators in a manner similar to APSD. On the same day, postemergence topical incorporated (PETI) applications were made by allowing granules to fall over the plants from the end of the delivery tube to which a spreader was attached; all plots in Test 1 only were similarly treated with Temik 15G (3 lb (AI)/acre) for aphid control. All plots were then hilled with a Lilliston cultivator immediatley after treatment. Each plot measured 40 ft long and 11.3 ft wide (4 rows, 34-inch spacing), and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. On 3-4 Oct, tuber samples were harvested from the 2 center rows of each plot (ca. 15 ft/row). Expressed as percentages of tubers by weight, an injured tuber was one with any wireworm feeding, and a damaged tuber was one with any injury as severe as described in Sec. 51.1560 and 51.1564 of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Potatoes.
Wireworm Control on Potatoes, 1985
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 30-31 May, at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount MN. The field had been in alfalfa the previous 3 years. The soil type is a Waukegan silt loam. Treatments were 2 rows, 100 ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 6 replications. Granular insecticides were applied in-furrow with a planter inounted granular applicator. For treatments in which 2 insecticides were used in combination, 1 was applied with the planter empty of seed, and the second applied when planting. Every third plot was an untreated control. Twice during the season, 16 Jul and 8 Aug, the experimental block was sprayed with Pydrin, 2.4E, at 0.05 lb (AI)/acre, to control potato leafhopper. One row was harvested from each plot on 19 Oct. The potatoes were washed, counted, and scored for wireworm injury. Control for each treated plot was calculated as a % reduction in wireworm damage relative to the combined means of the untreated controls in the same replication.
Impact of Insecticides on Lepidopterous Larvae and Leafminers on Tomatoes, 1985
Authors: Carson W. G. , Nakakihara H. , Trumble J. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam type soil on 11 Jul at the University of California’s South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, CA. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide (5-ft centers) by 50 ft long and separated by a 5-ft buffer. The tomato transplants were sprinkle irrigated for 1 wk, and drip irrigated thereafter (water pH 7.2-7.5).Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Weekly applications were initiated at first fruiting. Application dates included 15, 22, 29 Aug and 6, 12, 19, 26 Sep. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 4-6 nozzels per row (as plant height and density increased) incorporated D-3 orifice disks, #23- 25 cores, and 50 mesh screens. Operating pressure was 100 psi delivering 100 gal/acre. Spreader sticker (Leaf Act 80) was included for some treatments at 0.04%. Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of leafminer prepupae and pupae in four 9 × 11 inch trays/replicate from 21 Aug through 1 Oct, inclusive. On 2 Oct, 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center 2 rows of each replicate (800 per treatment) and examined for internal damage (primarily H. zea), external damage (primarily S. exigua) and K. lycopersicella.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on No-Till Transplanted Tomatoes, 1985
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Ohio 7870’ tomato transplants were planted no-till in 25-foot rows on 15 May ’85 with a 2-row Holland transplanter equipped with a chisel in front of each planter shoe. Plots consisted of a single treatment row buffered on each side by an untreat guard row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance beween plants within the row was 12 inches. Transplanting was made in overwintered rye. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 7, 27 Jun; 3, 18 and 23 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of CPB adults and larvae/10 plants and the % defoliation were recorded Yields were taken on 6 Aug from a 10-ft section of row.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring 1985
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 3 Apr, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft wide by 8-inch high beds of Eau Gallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomzied complete blocks design. Treatments were applied 19, 26 Apr, 3, 10, 17, 25, 31 May and 7 Jun with a 2.5-gal hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 20-100 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). On 14 Jun, the numbers of small (less than 0.5 inch in length) and large (0.5 inch or longer) leaf mines were counted in a 1-minute visual search of each plot. The no. of undamaged fruit and the no. of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae (principally the southern armyworm, S. eridania (Cramer)) or stink bugs were totaled over a single harvest taken on 17 Jun. The % of undamaged and damaged fruit were calculated and transformed arcsine (%) (.01) prior to analysis. Data are presented in the original scale.
Alfalfa Seed, Insect Control, 1984
Authors: Arnett W. Harold 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on a commercial field of seed alfalfa at Lovelock, NV. Spray treatments were applied with a field plot sprayer calibrated to apply 20.9 gpa at 35 psi to paired blocks of alfalfa 44 ft × 100 ft. Untreated blocks of the same size were located on each side of the treated blocks. Located in the center of the treated blocks was a leafcutting bee domicile which contained ca. 50 thousand nesting bees. Following cessation of pollinator activity treatments were applied late evening Jul 16. Three samples consisting of 10 sweeps each were taken from each treated and untreated block at 3, 7, and 14 days posttreatment. Night counts of nesting leafcutting bees were made pre- and posttreatment in the domiciles within the treated area and one outside the treatment area. Observations of bee activity and presence of dead bees were made in each domicile daily following treatment. Forging bees (both honey and leafcutting) were counted fore noon each day in yard wide transects across each treated and untreated block.
Control of Alfalfa Insects in Iowa (Early Season), 1985
Authors: Hutchins Scott H. , Pedigo L. P. , Higley L. G. , Lasack P. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 20 × 40 ft were established in a 2-yr-old stand on the Ankeny Research Farm near the city limits of Ankeny, IA. Eighteen treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide treatments were applied on May 9 ’85 with a Suzuki LT-125 4-wheel all terrain cycle equipped with a 20-foot boom. The CO2 charged (31 psi) boom was ca. 18 inches from the foliage and fitted with 12 brass 8003 flat-fan nozzles. Ground speed was 3.9 mph delivering 12 gal of final solution per acre. Plants were in stage 3 (early bud) and ca. 23 inches tall. Weather conditions at application time were partly cloudy, winds 0-4 mph, temperature 65-75 degrees F, and ca. 70% RH. A standard 15-inch sweepnet was used to take 10 pendulum sweeps in each plot 2 days before treatment and 1, 4, and 7 days posttreatment. No phytotoxicity was observed in any plot.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Control, Johnstown, CO, 1985
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Weissling Thomas J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to a third-year, furrow-irrigated stand of alfalfa on May 21 ’85. Crop height was 1.5 ft. Plots were 12 × 18 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 26 gal/acre at 30 psi through 4 nozzles (8006) mounted on a 6-ft boom.
Alfalfa Weevil Larval Control in Tennessee, 1985
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated in a 3-yr-old stand of alfalfa at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station, Spring Hill, TN. Furadan and Imidan were included as standards. Sixteen treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 18 × 20 ft with a 6-ft alley between blocks. Insecticides were applied on 9 Apr using a CO2-powered boom sprayer mounted on bicycle wheels at the rate of 25 gal/acre. Sampling consisted of 5 pendulum sweeps with a 15-inch insect net from each plot. Pretreatment means were 19 alfalfa weevil larvae (AWL) per 5 sweeps with a 63% tip infestation. Posttreatment samples were taken at weekly intervals for 4 wk. A 5 × 20-ft strip was harvested from the middle of each plot on 10 May. Subsamples were dried for dry weight determinations.
Control of an Alfalfa Insect Complex, 1985
Authors: Wedberg John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied May 17 ’85 with a tractor-drawn sprayer equippe. with 8003 Tee Jet nozzles delivering 23 gal/acre at 30 psi of pressure. Plots were 17 ft wide by 50 ft long and replicated 4 times. Plots wert evaluated by taking 10 pendulum-style net sweeps on the dates indicated and counting all economic insect pests found.
Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper and Green Cloverworm Control in Louisiana, 1985
Authors: Wilson Howard K. , Quisenberry Sharron S. , Marshall J. Gregg 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a 1-yr-old stand of ‘Cimarron’ alfalfa on the Dee Lee Agricultural Experiment Station near Alexandria, LA. Treatments were applied during the vegetative growth stage. Plots were 6.4 m by 9.1 m arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied on Sept 4 with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to 18.94 gpa and 36 psi using 8002 flat-fan nozzles on a 2.1-m boom. Weather conditions during treatment application were 30.6°C with &lt;8 kph wind. Precipitation during the test period amounted to 3.68 cm. Samples were obtained at pretreatment and 3, 7 and 14 days posttreatment with a 38.1-cm diam net by taking 10 pendulum sweeps per plot. Each sample was bagged and frozen for latter separation and counting.
Apple, Petal-Fall vs Pink Test, 1985
Authors: Hamilton George C. , Herman Elizabeth , Swift Fred C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 15-year-old orchard located at the Rutgers Fruit Research & Development Center, Cream Ridge, NJ was used in this test. Sprays were applied to 3 single-tree replicates of ‘Red Delicious’ arranged in a randomized complete block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff (ca 5 gal/tree; 300 GPA) using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a hand-gun and operated at 200 psi. Spray dates were 11 Apr (P) and 30 Apr (PF). For disease control the entire orchard was sprayed with Captan and Polyram as needed. European red mite estimates were made by randomly picking 25 leaves per replicate, brushing the mites onto glass plates and counting mobile mites. Sampling methods for insects listed in the table are as follows: EASF = no. of EASF damaged fruit/3 minute count; AA = avg no. of AA/terminal/tree (20 terminals counted); RAA = no. of RAA colonies/tree; STLM = no. of STLM mines/3 minute count; WALHa = no. of WALH nymphs and adults/3 minute count; WALHb = no. of WALH damaged leaves/3 minute count; Stethorus = no. of S. punctum larvae, pupae and adults/3 minute count; Russet = % russet/fruit (100 fruit evaluated). Mite-days were calculated as follows: MD = MD1 + [(Ml + M2)/2 × Y], where MD1 = mite days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given counting date, M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next counting date after Ml and Y = number of days between Ml and M2. Data were transformed to × + 1, or arcsin (x) prior to analysis of variance and comparison of means. In tables, numbers followed by the same letter are not significantly different (alpha = 0.05, DMRT).
First Generation European Corn Borer Control in Southeast Pennsylvania, 1985
Authors: Starner Van R. , Grice Todd A. , Pryor T. W. (Bill) 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This commercial field test was conducted in cooperation with Marty Greenleaf of Green Acre Farms near Kirkwood, PA in southeastern Lancaster County. A 4-acre field, which was corn in 1984, was no-till planted on 30-inch centers with ‘Todd M75’ field corn on 26 Apr ‘85 with Counter 15G soil insecticide at 8 lb/acre When corn was at the 7 to 9-leaf stage (38-inch extended leaf height), scouting for first generation ECB “shot-hole” feeding damage (20 consecutive plants in each of 5 randomly selected areas of the field) indicated that 41% of the plants were infested. Larvae were first and second instar with an average 2.0 larvae/plant. In addition fresh egg masses were found on several plants. On 6 Jun ‘85 Lorsban 15G at 6.5 lb/acre (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) was applied using a small-plot Gandy air-spred granular applicator (compliments of Gandy Corp) pulled behind a tractor. Granules were applied directly over the whorls with 3 rows treated the length of the field and 3 adjacent rows treated in the return trip across the field. This exact procedure was replicated 3 times in the field (totalling about 0.7-0.8 treated acres). Treated strips were separated by 6-row non-treated strips. On 10-11 Jul ‘85 the treatments were evaluated by dissecting 10 plants (5 consecutive plants from each of 2 rows) from 3 random sample sites within each treated strip and 3 non-treated strips, and counting the no. of live corn borer larvae and empty tunnels caused by borer feeding. A yield evaluation was made on 25 Sep ‘85 by commercially harvesting, with the farmer‘s 6-row combine, the entire length of each treated strip and each adjacent non-treated “check” strip. Grain from each strip was weighed separately (using a weigh wagon furnished by Dow Chemical), and % moisture was determined with a moisture tester.
Control of Stalk Borer and Hop Vine Borer, 1985
Authors: Wedberg John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pre- and postemergence applications of Pydrin 2.4EC were applied to a grass covered ditch and 4 adjacent rows of corn with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer equipped with 8004 Teejet nozzles delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi of pressure at the University of Wisconsin Arlington Experiment Station. The corn plots were planted 3 May in rows on 30-inch centers arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. The pre-emergence treatment was applied 7 May, followed by post-emergence treatment on 29 May. Dry weather following planting prolonged emergence and contributed to the uneven plant stand and height present in the plots.
Insecticide Control of Spider Mites on Cotton, 1984
Authors: Gary Debra , Lorenz Gus , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Small plot field studies were conducted at Stoneville, MS and Greenwood, MS to measure the efficacy of various insecticides in control of spider mites on cotton. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were 2 rows (38 inch rows) by 50 ft with 1 buffer row between plots at Stoneville. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 4.5 gal/acre at 30 psi through 2 TX-4 nozzles. Applications were made on 6 Jun, 6 and 16 Jul. Plots were evaluated on 2, 11 and 19 Jul by examining 25 upper leaves in each plot for number of spider mites.