bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily weight stigma experiences, and disordered and intuitive eating behaviors among young adults with body dissatisfaction
Authors: Romano Kelly A. , Heron Kristin E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to extend naturalistic weight stigma research by examining the following aims among young adults with body dissatisfaction and varied body mass indices (BMIs): (1) characterize the frequency of individuals' daily weight stigma experiences, and contextual variations, over a 14‐day period; (2) examine whether BMI moderated daily associations between weight stigma experiences relative to eating disorder symptoms and intuitive eating behaviors.MethodWomen (n = 174) and men (n = 24) completed a 14‐day daily diary protocol. Concurrent and time‐lagged multilevel models examined associations between daily weight stigma, and eating disorder and intuitive eating behaviors among women only due to the small subsample of men.ResultsOver the 14‐day assessment, 43.94% (n = 87) of participants experienced weight stigma. Weight stigma rates varied based on how, where, and by whom weight stigma was expressed, and via BMI. Further, among women, multiple concurrent within‐person associations were identified between women's daily weight stigma experiences and daily eating disorder symptoms (skipping meals, binge eating, and body dissatisfaction). Time‐lagged associations also showed that women's weight stigma experiences on a given day were associated with a greater likelihood that they would limit the amount of food they consumed the next day. These associations did not differ via women's BMIs.DiscussionCollectively, these findings provide important information on how weight stigma experiences unfold in daily life among individuals with body dissatisfaction and varied BMIs, and the proximal and more enduring impact of women's daily weight stigma experiences on their use of multiple adverse eating behaviors that can promote poor health.Public SignificanceThe present findings provide important information on how, where, and by whom weight stigma experiences unfold in daily life among young adults with body dissatisfaction and varied body weights, as well as the proximal and more enduring impact of women's daily weight stigma experiences on their use of a variety of adverse eating behaviors that can promote poor health.
Use of Mendelian randomization to evaluate the effect of atrial fibrillation on cardiovascular diseases and cardiac death
Authors: Hu Mengjin , Tan Jiangshan , Yang Jingang , Gao Xiaojin , Yang Yuejin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsSeveral observational studies indicated that atrial fibrillation might aggravate other cardiovascular diseases apart from ischaemic stroke. However, it remains to be determined whether these associations reveal independent causation. Using Mendelian randomization (MR), we systematically investigated how genetically predicted atrial fibrillation affected other cardiovascular diseases and cardiac death.Methods and resultsSummary‐level data for atrial fibrillation and other cardiovascular diseases were obtained from public genome‐wide association study data. The random inverse‐variance weighted method was treated as the primary analysis. Sensitivity analyses (including weighted median, MR‐Egger, and multivariable MR methods) were also performed. Atrial fibrillation was significantly associated with higher risks of heart failure [odds ratio (OR): 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–1.28; P < 0.001], ischaemic stroke (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.17–1.25; P < 0.001), transient ischaemic attack (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05–1.15; P < 0.001), peripheral artery diseases (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03–1.15; P = 0.002), cardiac death (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.15; P = 0.008), and hypertension (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01–1.11; P = 0.010), without effects on coronary heart disease or pulmonary embolism. Associations for heart failure and ischaemic stroke remained robust to the sensitivity analyses. MR‐Egger method (P > 0.05) and funnel plot yielded no indication of directional pleiotropy. The leave‐one‐out analysis suggested that the causal associations were not driven by individual single nucleotide polymorphism.ConclusionsThis comprehensive MR analysis verified the causal associations between atrial fibrillation and high risks of heart failure, ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack, peripheral artery diseases, cardiac death, and hypertension. Interventions to reduce cardiovascular diseases beyond ischaemic stroke are warranted in patients with atrial fibrillation.
The effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with end‐stage renal disease and heart failure
Authors: Lin Donna Shu‐Han , Lin Fang‐Ju , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Lee Jen‐Kuang , Lin Yen‐Hung 
Published: November 2022

AimsMineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have been shown to provide survival benefits in patients with heart failure; however, MRA use in patients with chronic kidney disease has been limited by safety concerns. The effects of MRAs on outcomes in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and heart failure remain unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MRAs on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure under maintenance dialysis in a real‐world setting.Methods and resultsA retrospective cohort study was conducted by collecting data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Patients diagnosed with heart failure and ESRD and who started maintenance dialysis between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2013 were identified. Patients were grouped according to MRA prescription. The outcomes of interest included cardiovascular (CV) death, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), all‐cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischaemic stroke, any coronary revascularization procedures, and new‐onset hyperkalaemia. Propensity score matching was performed at a 1:3 ratio between MRA users and non‐users to minimize selection bias. A total of 50 872 patients who satisfied our inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified. After 1:3 matching, 2176 patients were included in the MRA group, and 6528 patients were included in the non‐MRA group. The risk of CV death was significantly lower among patients who received MRAs than those who did not (hazard ratio [HR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–0.95), as was the risk of all‐cause mortality (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83–0.94). Reductions in the risks of CV death and all‐cause mortality were more prominent among patients undergoing haemodialysis and those with coronary artery disease.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing regular dialysis who are diagnosed with heart failure, the use of MRAs is associated with lower risks of all‐cause mortality and CV death. The benefits of MRA treatment in heart failure may persist in patients with ESRD. Further investigations through randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of MRAs in this high‐risk population.
Sequencing and titrating approach of therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction following the 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines: an international cardiology survey
Authors: Fauvel Charles , Bonnet Guillaume , Mullens Wilfried , Giraldo Clara Ines Saldarriaga , Mežnar Anja Zupan , Barasa Anders , Tokmakova Mariya , Shchendrygina Anastasia , Costa Francisco Moscoso , Mapelli Massimo , Zemrak Filip , Tops Laurens F. , Jakus Nina , Sultan Arian , Bahouth Fadel , Hadjseyd Chahr‐eddine , Salvat Muriel , Anselmino Matteo , Messroghli Daniel , Weberndörfer Vanessa , Giverts Ilya , Bochaton Thomas , Courand Pierre Yves , Berthelot Emmanuelle , Legallois Damien , Beauvais Florence , Bauer Fabrice , Lamblin Nicolas , Damy Thibaud , Girerd Nicolas , Sebbag Laurent , Pezel Théo , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Rosano Giuseppe , Roubille François , Mewton Nathan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsIn symptomatic patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), recent international guidelines recommend initiating four major therapeutic classes rather than sequential initiation. It remains unclear how this change in guidelines is perceived by practicing cardiologists versus heart failure (HF) specialists.Methods and resultsAn independent academic web‐based survey was designed by a group of HF specialists and posted by email and through various social networks to a broad community of cardiologists worldwide 1 year after the publication of the latest European HF guidelines. Overall, 615 cardiologists (38 [32–47] years old, 63% male) completed the survey, of which 58% were working in a university hospital and 26% were HF specialists. The threshold to define HFrEF was ≤40% for 61% of the physicians. Preferred drug prescription for the sequential approach was angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors first (74%), beta‐blockers second (55%), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists third (52%), and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (53%) fourth. Eighty‐four percent of participants felt that starting all four classes was feasible within the initial hospitalization, and 58% felt that titration is less important than introducing a new class. Age, status in training, and specialization in HF field were the principal characteristics that significantly impacted the answers.ConclusionIn a broad international cardiology community, the ‘historical approach’ to HFrEF therapies remains the preferred sequencing approach. However, accelerated introduction and uptitration are also major treatment goals. Strategy trials in treatment guidance are needed to further change practices.
Synthesis of Naphthyridine and Azepine Backbones through Formal [4+3] and [4+2] Annulation via Cascade Ring‐Opening/Cyclization Reaction of 2H‐Azirines
Authors: Darbandizadeh Shahab A. , Amiri Kamran , Rominger Frank , Balalaie Saeed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA zinc‐mediated cascade ring‐opening cyclization of 2H‐azirines and enolized‐o‐alkenylquinoline carbaldehydes for the synthesis of naphthyridine and azepine skeletons has been disclosed. The regioselectivity of the reaction can be switched from a seven‐ to a six‐membered ring by shifting from two‐ to monosubstituted 2H‐azirine. This transformation involves the construction of two C=C and C=N double bonds. This report describes 2H‐azirine‐dependent cascade annulation in formal [4+3], and [4+2] cyclization reactions.
Determination of layer morphology of rough layers in organic light emitting diodes by X‐ray reflectivity
Authors: Sachs Ian , Fuhrmann Marc , Deferme Wim , Möbius Hildegard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractX‐ray reflectivity (XRR) has been proven to be a useful tool to investigate thin layers as well as buried interfaces in stacks built of very thin layers. Nevertheless, x‐ray reflectivity measurements are limited by the roughness of the layers and interfaces as the roughness destroys the interference structure, the so‐called Kiessig fringes. As investigations of thin layers in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) are still subject of research and development, the focus of this paper is the investigation of a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) which serves as transparent anode material in OLEDs. Due to the fabrication process, ITO shows rough surface structures, so‐called spikes, hindering the determination of the ITO layer thickness and roughness in XRR measurements. In this paper, it is theoretically and experimentally proven that a smoothing layer on the ITO enables the determination of the buried ITO layer thickness and roughness as well as the density of the spikes. Furthermore, a sputtered aluminum layer (e.g. cathode material) showing spikes in atomic force microscopy covered with a smoothing layer reveals Kiessig fringes allowing the determination of the density of buried spikes. In general, it is shown that a smoothing layer on a rough surface enhances the sensitivity of x‐ray reflectivity measurements.
Phosphorous‐nitrogen‐boron decorated graphene hybrid for flame retardancy enhancement of epoxy resin
Authors: Li Li , Xi Hui , Yang Jing , Xiao Ting , Zuo Rui , Xu Xueqing , Yang Yaoxia , Yang Zhiwang , Lei Ziqiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoaring development in widely applicable materials raises an urgent demand to develop high‐performance epoxy resin (EP) materials combining superior flame retardancy, smoke suppression and mechanical properties. Phosphorus, boron and nitrogen‐containing flame retardants are high potential environmental‐friendly flame‐retardant additives in polymer manufacturing owing to their low toxicity, molecular diversity, and efficient flame resistance. In this paper, a novel additive flame retardant of RGO‐HCCP@MPB compound was fabricated which involved the functionalization of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP), and the simple complexing RGO‐HCCP with melamine phosphate borate (MPB). The prepared RGO‐HCCP@MPB was then directly mixed with EP matrix to evaluate its flame resistance. It found that the addition of RGO‐HCCP@MPB obviously inhibited the heat release and smoke emission behaviors of EP matrix during combustion. With 5 wt% addition of RGO‐HCCP@MPB in EP, the LOI value of EP/RGO‐HCCP@MPB reached up to 28.4%, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and the total heat release (THR) decreased by 61.1% and 30.5% compared to neat EP, respectively. Furthermore, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the EP/RGO‐HCCP@MPB were also promoted compared with that of the pure EP. The flame‐retardant mechanism shows that elements of boron (B), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in RGO‐HCCP@MPB compound play a synergistic role in the enhancement of the flame retardancy of EP in a combustion.
Public drug insurance, moral hazard and children's use of mental health medication: Latent mental health risk‐specific responses to lower out‐of‐pocket treatment costs
Authors: Furzer Jill , Isabelle Maripier , Miloucheva Boriana , Laporte Audrey 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudies have shown that reducing out‐of‐pocket costs can lead to higher medication initiation rates in childhood. Whether the cost of such initiatives is inflated by moral hazard issues remains a question of concern. This paper looks to the implementation of a public drug insurance program in Québec, Canada, to investigate potential low‐benefit consumption in children. Using a nationally representative longitudinal sample, we harness machine learning techniques to predict a child's risk of developing a mental health disorder. Using difference‐in‐differences analyses, we then assess the impact of the drug program on children's mental health medication uptake across the distribution of predicted mental health risk. Beyond showing that eliminating out‐of‐pocket costs led to a 3 percentage point increase in mental health drug uptake, we show that demand responses are concentrated in the top two deciles of risk for developing mental health disorders. These higher‐risk children increase take‐up of mental health drugs by 7–8 percentage points. We find even stronger effects for stimulants (8–11 percentage point increases among the highest risk children). Our results suggest that reductions in out‐of‐pocket costs could achieve better uptake of mental health medications, without inducing substantial low‐benefit care among lower‐risk children.
Exploring Photoredox‐Catalyzed (Re)functionalizations with Core‐Modified Benziodoxolones
Authors: Amos Stephanie G. E. , Le Vaillant Franck , Waser Jerome 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlkynes and nitriles are valuable building blocks in organic synthesis and also have multiple applications in chemical biology and materials science. Due to the high availability of tertiary alcohols, developing methods for their conversion into alkynes and nitriles is particularly attractive. In a previous communication, our group has reported the conversion of alcohols into alkynes through cesium oxalates based on the powerful combination of photochemistry with Ethynyl BenziodoXolones (EBXs). Herein, we report further investigations into this transformation, including our findings on the effect that backbone modification of EBXs has on the deoxyalkynylation of cesium oxalates. In addition, we disclose preliminary data on the development of new deoxycyanation and dethioalkynylation processes. We also report the serendipitous discovery of the C−H alkynylation of 1,2‐dichloroethane.
DNA methylation landscape of tumor‐associated macrophages reveals pathways, transcription factors and prognostic value relevant to triple‐negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Hey Joschka , Halperin Coral , Hartmann Mark , Mayer Shimrit , Schönung Maximilian , Lipka Daniel B. , Scherz‐Shouval Ruth , Plass Christoph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe accumulation of myeloid cells, particularly tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), characterizes the tumor microenvironment (TME) of many solid cancers, including breast cancer. Compared to healthy tissue‐resident macrophages, TAMs acquire distinct transcriptomes and tumor‐promoting functions by largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we hypothesize the involvement of TME signaling and subsequent epigenetic reprogramming of TAMs. Using the 4T1 mouse model of triple‐negative breast cancer, we demonstrate that the presence of cancer cells significantly alters the DNA methylation landscape of macrophages and, to a lesser extent, bone marrow‐derived monocytes (BMDMs). TAM methylomes, dissected into BMDM‐originating and TAM‐specific epigenetic programs, implicated transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways involved in TAM reprogramming, correlated with cancer‐specific gene expression patterns. Utilizing published single‐cell gene expression data, we linked microenvironmentally‐derived signals to the cancer‐specific DNA methylation landscape of TAMs. These integrative analyses highlighted the role of altered cytokine production in the TME (eg, TGF‐β, IFN‐γ and CSF1) on the induction of specific TFs (eg, FOSL2, STAT1 and RUNX3) responsible for the epigenetic reprogramming of TAMs. DNA methylation deconvolution identified a TAM‐specific signature associated with the identified signaling pathways and TFs, corresponding with severe tumor grade and poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Similarly, immunosuppressive TAM functions were identified, such as induction of the immune inhibitory receptor‐ligand PD‐L1 by DNA hypomethylation of Cd274. Collectively, these results provide strong evidence that the epigenetic landscapes of macrophages and monocytes are perturbed by the presence of breast cancer, pointing to molecular mechanisms of TAM reprogramming, impacting patient outcomes.
Molecular prediction of clinical response to anti‐PD‐1/anti‐PD‐L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors: New perspectives for precision medicine and mass spectrometry‐based investigations
Authors: Longuespée Rémi , Theile Dirk , Zörnig Inka , Hassel Jessica C. , Lindner Joshua Raoul , Haefeli Walter E. , Fresnais Margaux 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) acting as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are among the most frequently used immunotherapies in oncology. However, precision medicine approaches to adapt the treatment to the patient are still poorly exploited. Given the risk of severe adverse reactions, predicting patient eligibility for ICI therapy represents a great asset for precision medicine. Today, the extended panel of mass spectrometric approaches, accompanied by newly developed sample preparation methods is a strategy of choice for responder and non‐responder stratification on a molecular basis, and early detection of resistance. In this perspective article, we review the biodisposition of mAbs, the interest in molecular stratification of patients treated with these mAbs, and the possible analytical strategies to achieve this goal, with a major emphasis on mass spectrometric approaches.
Regulation of follicular T helper cell differentiation in antitumor immunity
Authors: Hou Yueru , Cao Yejin , Dong Lin , Huang Yijin , Zhang Zhiyuan , Bi Yujing , Liu Guangwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFollicular T helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells that play an important role in the formation of germinal centers and the maturation and differentiation of affinity‐matured B cells. Recent studies have demonstrated important functions of Tfh cells in tertiary lymphoid structures of tumors, revealing great potential of Tfh cells in tumor immunity. However, Tfh development is incompletely understood. The differentiation of Tfh cells is a complex, multistage process regulated at the DNA, RNA and protein levels. This review just summarizes current research on the molecular mechanisms of Tfh cell differentiation to better understand the role of Tfh cells in antitumor immunity.
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Authors: Park Sangyong , Oh Seyong , Lee Dongyoung , Park Jin‐Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFerro‐Floating Memory (FFM) which operates in dual‐mode mechanisms (ferroelectric switching of FeFET and charge injection of Floating gate memory) was implemented by employing a‐In2Se3 as a floating gate. The dual‐mode operation allowed the multiple stages of conductance and improved the linearity and dynamic range of conductance. On the cover, the authors illustrate the dual‐mode operation of the FFM by combining FeFET and Flash memory. (DOI : 10.1002/inf2.12367)
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Therapeutic plasma exchange for steroid refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathies with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Thompson Thomas Zachary , Bobr Aleh , Juskewitch Justin Eddie , Winters Jeffrey Lawrence 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) encompass many rheumatologic diseases characterized by inflammatory muscle disease, typically unified by proximal muscle weakness. A subset of patients with IIM present with interstitial lung disease (ILD) with identifiable antibodies such as in anti‐synthetase syndrome (AS) with antibodies to aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases, and clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) with anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5 (MDA5). Recent case reports demonstrate response to therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) or column filtration plasmapheresis in IIM with ILD resistant to medical management. We present our experience with eight patients with IIM with ILD undergoing TPE at a large US‐based hospital system.Patient characteristicsEight patients with IIM with ILD were treated with TPE over the last 10 years. The therapy consisted of 5‐7 one plasma volume exchanges every other day to daily. Seven of eight patients had identifiable antibodies.ResultsFollowing completion of TPE, seven of eight demonstrated improvement in pulmonary function despite lack of improvement of pulmonary function with standard therapy.ConclusionIn antibody‐mediated, treatment refractory IIM with ILD, TPE may be a viable intervention. This is a disease for which the role of apheresis is evolving.Clinical trial registrationNot application.