bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding a Needle in a Haystack: larval Stages of Didymozoidae (Trematoda: Digenea) Parasitizing Marine Zooplankton
Authors: Lozano-Cobo Horacio , Oceguera-Figueroa Alejandro , Silva-Segundo Claudia A. , Robinson Carlos J. , Gómez-Gutiérrez Jaime 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larval didymozoids (Trematoda, Digenea) were discovered parasitizing the hemocoel of the heteropod Firoloida desmarestia (redia mean intensity = 13) and the chaetognaths Flaccisagitta enflata and Flaccisagitta hexaptera (metacercaria mean intensity = 1) during a 2014–2016 systematic study of parasites of zooplankton collected in the central and southern regions of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Didymozoid infection route during the early life cycle was inferred combining morphological and molecular evidence (light and scanning electron microscopy and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, cox1, respectively). Didymozoid rediae parasitizing F. desmarestia were observed alive releasing hundredths of cystophorous cercariae at a mean rate of one cercariae every 12 s. Cercariae developed into young metacercariae in 1 d at 22°C. Molecular analysis of cox1 showed that rediae found in F. desmarestia belong to two distinct didymozoid species (Didymozoidae sp. 1 and sp. 2). Metacercariae parasitizing chaetognaths were morphologically identified as Didymozoidae type Monilicaecum and cox1 sequences showed that metacercariae of chaetognaths matched with these two Didymozoidae sp.1, and sp. 2 species found parasitizing F. desmarestia, plus a third distinct Didymozoidae sp. 3. These are the first DNA sequences of cox1 gene from didymozoid larvae for any zooplankton taxonomic group in the world. We concluded that F. desmarestia is the first intermediate host of rediae and second intermediate host cercariae and chaetognaths are the third intermediate hosts of didymozoid metacercariae demonstrating a potential overlap distribution of these two carnivorous zooplankton taxonomic groups. The didymozoid specimens were not identified to species level because any of the cox1 sequences generated here matched with the sequences of adult didymozoids currently available in GenBank and Bold System databases. This study provides valuable information for the morphological and molecular understanding of the Didymozoidae larvae that has been previously based on the recognition of the 12 known morphotypes.
The Efficacy and Safety of Second-Line Chemotherapy for Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Complicated by Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Otsuka Kenji , Nokihara Hiroshi , Mitsuhashi Atsushi , Ozaki Ryohiko , Yabuki Yohei , Yoneda Hiroto , Ogino Hirokazu , Nishioka Yasuhiko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is limited because of the risk of its acute exacerbation (AE). Furthermore, the efficacy and safety of second-line chemotherapy for these patients is unclear.Patients and Methods: To investigate the efficacy and safety of second-line chemotherapy for NSCLC patients with ILD, we retrospectively reviewed the patients who were treated at our institute between April 2010 and December 2018.Results: Thirty-five patients received two or more regimens. Thirty-four patients were male and the median age at the initiation of second-line chemotherapy was 70 years. Almost all patients had a smoking history. Fourteen patients had adenocarcinoma and 15 had squamous cell carcinoma histology. Stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ were observed in 20 and 11 patients, respectively. With respect to the type of ILD, 12 patients had usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). The overall response rate and disease control rate were 11.4% and 68.6%, respectively. The median progression-free survival and median overall survival were 4.1 months and 6.4 months, respectively. The AE of ILD was observed in eight patients, five of whom died. UIP and low % vital capacity were detected as significant risk factors for the AE of ILD.Conclusion: Second-line chemotherapy among patients with NSCLC complicated by ILD showed a certain effectiveness, but some patients experienced the AE of ILD, which may lead to death. The risk of the AE of ILD must be considered especially for patients with UIP and low %VC.
Tanshinone IIA Promotes Apoptosis by Down-Regulating BCL2 and Up-Regulating TP53 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Zhang Chang , Liu Shuang , Hao Jian , Wu Xiong-Zhi , Wang Xiao-Kang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background/Objective: Tanshinone IIA, which is mainly used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, has been shown to inhibit the progression of a variety of cancers in recent years. In this study, we showed that tanshinone IIA could inhibit the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells and promote their apoptosis. However, the specific mechanisms were not clear. Our research aims to clarify its mechanism. Method: At the first, the effects of tanshinone IIA on cell viability of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines were analyzed. Then a mouse transplanted tumor model was used to study the anti-cancer effect in vivo. The related targets and mechanisms of tanshinone IIA were predicted through network-based systems biology and molecular docking analysis. At last, molecular docking and the molecular biological techniques were used to evaluate the predicted target. Results: Tanshinone IIA could inhibit the cell proliferation after incubation for 24 h. At a concentration of 50 µM, Tanshinone IIA could half-inhibit the proliferation of 4T1 cells. Consistent with the results of the cell viability assays, Tan IIA induced the cancer cell apoptosis and resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volume. Then we analyzed the possible mechanisms with network-based systems biology, and predicted TP53, NF-κB, AKT, MYC and BCL-2 were the hub targets of Tan IIA for triple-negative breast cancer. P53 signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway and the mTOR signaling pathways were the possible involved mechanisms. Using molecular docking analysis, we found Tan IIA has a high affinity for p53, Bcl-2 and NF-κB1, the binding energy were − 6.92, -6.07 and − 6.28 kcal/mol, respectively. Through western blotting assays, we further found the p53 protein expression was increased while Bcl-2 protein was decreased after Tan IIA treatment. These results verified that Tan IIA promotes apoptosis by down-regulating BCL2 and up-regulating TP53 in triple-negative breast cancer.Conclusion: Our findings revealed the mechanism of Tan IIA in promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation in triple-negative breast cancer cells, which provides a theoretical and experimental basis for further research into the anticancer effects of Tan IIA.
High efficiency sorting and outgrowth for single-cell cloning of mammalian cell lines
Authors: Munoz Adonary , Morachis Jose 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To simplify single-cell cloning with the ability of sorting specific target populations of interest with a higher cell outgrowth, several cell lines were sorted onto 96-well plates containing cloning media formulations to enhance single cell survival. Cell lines that were tested included suspension cells (CHO ES, Expi293F, and Jurkat) and adherent cells (MCF7, A549, and HEK293). In parallel with the single-cell sorting experiments, limiting dilution at 0.5 cells/well was used as a control for viability relative to sorting and to demonstrate the increased efficiency of using the WOLF and N1 single-cell dispenser for cell line development. The combined use of the cell sorter and optimized cloning medium resulted in greater than 50% cell outgrowth. The WOLF with the N1 achieves cell line development goals by sorting specific cells with gentle sorting resulting in high probabilities of monoclonal outgrowth.
Bioactivity of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Rauvolfia vomitoria on Neonatal Group B Streptococcus
Authors: Ojo Stephen Kayode .S. , Udewena Linda Uchenna , Adetunji Charles O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a harmless commensal bacterium in healthy adults but it causes sepsis in neonates resulting in a high rate of mortality. This study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Rauvolfia vomitoria bioactive fractions on thirty-five multidrug resistant Group B Streptococcus (GBS) strains implicated on neonatal sepsis as well as to identify the antibiotic resistant genes present. The phytochemical analyses were carried out using column chromatography. Antibacterial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bacteria Concentration (MBC) of the different plant biofractions was determined using disc diffusion technique. The presence of erythromycin (ermB) and tetracycline (tetO) resistant genes was identified using duplex PCR techniques. Graphing was done using Graph pad prism (version 5.0a).
Result
The results obtained from this study show that the selected plants have dose dependent activity against GBS. Ethanol biofraction of R. vomitoria had the highest activity with an MIC value ranges between 12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml and MBC ranges from 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml followed by methanol biofraction of B. pinnatum with an MIC value ranging between 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml on 32 out of the 35 strains investigated, leaving the other three having MIC values of 25 mg/ml then MBC values ranging between 50 mg/ml and 100mg/ml while N-hexane and aqueous biofractions had the least activity. Also, the presence of ermB and tetO resistant genes were present in all the ten representative GBS strains tested.
Conclusion
The high rate of activity shown by the methanol and ethanol extracts of both plants suggests that the plants can serve as a potential alternative for the treatment of neonatal sepsis. However, a further study on their in vivo activity is important in order to evaluate the efficiency, safety and potential adverse effects and drug herb interactions of the plants.
Rol de género y percepción de bienestar y felicidad en universitarios del noroeste de México
Authors: Abril Valdez Elba , Cubillas Rodríguez Maria José , Domínguez Ibáñez Sandra Elvia , Román Pérez Rosario , Córdova Moreno María Alejandra 
Published: March 2022

En el contexto actual, ser joven y universitario plantea nuevos retos y transformaciones que dan lugar a situaciones de estrés que se pueden reflejar en la percepción de felicidad y bienestar. El género influye también en esa percepción, a partir de lo socialmente esperado para cada sexo. Las diferencias en el rol de género, expresado a partir de los atributos asignados socialmente a cada sexo —ya sea masculino, femenino, andrógino o indiferenciado— pueden influir en la forma en que se perciben y se enfrentan los problemas en lo cotidiano, dando lugar a una percepción diferente de la felicidad o el bienestar. Por lo anterior, se plantea como objetivo lo siguiente: analizar, a partir del Índice de Felicidad de Pemberton, la relación entre la percepción de bienestar y el rol de género en estudiantes universitarios de Sonora.
Los resultados muestran que la coexistencia de atributos femeninos y masculinos positivos, independientemente del sexo, dan una perspectiva favorable de la interacción con su entorno y de la forma en que resuelven sus problemas las y los jóvenes de la muestra estudiada. La construcción social del género explica la persistencia de roles tradicionales, pero también la emergencia de formas más equilibradas de incorporación de atributos considerados femeninos y masculinos, para una mejor percepción de felicidad y bienestar.
Análise epidemiológica de infarto agudo do miocárdio e outras doenças isquêmicas do coração no Brasil nos últimos 10 anos
Authors: Lopes Dias Juliana , De Rafael , Freitas Felipe , Picone Borges de Aragão Ivana 
Published: March 2022

As doenças cardiovasculares constituem a primeira causa de morte no mundo, sendo a aterosclerose a base das doenças isquêmicas do coração, incluindo disfunção endotelial e obstrução arterial, por placas de ateroma. Clinicamente, podem se manisfestar como angina estável, angina instável, infarto agudo do miocárdio, miocardiopatia isquêmica e aneurisma aórtico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o panorama epidemiológico da doença aterosclerótica e seus desfechos isquêmicos no Brasil, utilizando dados como número de internações, faixa etária, gênero e taxa de mortalidade, coletados a partir do DATASUS, a fim de avaliar a ascensão dessas doenças no país e concluir se nos encaminhamos para um melhor controle delas. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de coleta informações em banco de dados de domínio público do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) e do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SIS) do Ministério da Saúde. Foram selecionados os diagnósticos de infarto agudo do miocárdio e outras doenças isquêmicas do coração para avaliação do número de internações, faixa etária, gênero e taxa de mortalidade, nos últimos 10 anos no Brasil, pelos diagnósticos: infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e outras doenças isquemicas do coração (ODIC). Foram identificadas 1047309 internações por IAM e 1520591 ODIC no Brasil, nos últimos 10 anos, sendo o maior acometimento no sexo masculino e na faixa etária de 50 a 79 anos. O anos de maior registro foram de 2018 a 2020 e a taxa de mortalidade foi de 11,13 para IAM e 2,62 para ODIC. Sendo assim, torna-se necessário melhorar o rastreamento para doenças cardiovasculares e conscientizar a população a respeito de seus sintomas e fatores de risco.

Palavras chave: infarto miocárdio; aterosclerose; isquemia miocárdica; epidemiologia
Métodos de barreira contra aerossol no manuseio da via aérea durante a pandemia da COVID-19: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Bernardo Gabriel , Zon Filippi Ana Claudia 
Published: March 2022

A disseminação e contágio pelo coronavírus ocorre por meio de gotículas e aerossóis, sobretudo em técnicas invasivas de obtenção de via aérea como a Intubação Orotraqueal (IOT). O presente estudo teve por finalidade comparar e avaliar a aplicabilidade dos métodos de proteção por barreira durante a realização da IOT e a tentativa de minimizar a dispersão de aerossóis nos ambientes de Terapia Intensiva. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura. Dispositivos como “Aerosol Box”, “Simple Drape” e “Drape Tent” foram métodos formais de proteção do ambiente criados. No Brasil, atualmente, não há norma técnica que viabiliza o uso de métodos de barreira. Portanto, foram produzidas simulações que testaram a maior parte dos dispositivos, analisando macropartículas e micropartículas, posições do operador, modo de dispersão das gotículas e confiabilidade dos métodos. Concluiu-se que os métodos de barreira conferiram mínima proteção do ambiente e do laringoscopista, não justificando, portanto, seu uso regular nos protocolos.
Computer-Aided Drug Design of Anti-inflammatory Agents Targeting Microsomal Prostaglandin E2Synthase-1 (mPGES-1)
Authors: dos Santos Nascimento Igor José , de Aquino Thiago Mendonça , da Silva Júnior Edeildo Ferreira 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:Inflammation is a natural reaction to external stimuli to protect the organism. However, if it is exaggerated, it can cause severe physiopathological damage, linked to diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, diabetes, allergies, and infections. Inflammation is mainly characterized by pain, increased temperature, flushing, and edema, which can be controlled using anti-inflammatory drugs. In this context, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibition has been targeted for designing new compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. It is a bioactive lipid overproduced during an inflammatory process, in which its increased production is carried out mainly by COX-1, COX-2, and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1). Recently, studies have demonstrated that mPGES-1 inhibition is a safe strategy for developing anti-inflammatory agents, which could protect against pain, acute inflammation, arthritis, autoimmune diseases, and different types of cancers. Thus, in recent years, computer-aided drug design (CADD) approaches have been increasingly used to design new inhibitors, decreasing costs and increasing the probability of discovering active substances. Finally, this review will cover all aspects involving high-throughput virtual screening, molecular docking, dynamics, fragment-based drug design, and quantitative structure-activity relationship in seeking new promising mPGES-1 inhibitors.
Biology, Significance and Immune Signaling of Mucin 1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nath Lekshmi R. , Kumar Ayana R. , Devan Aswathy R. , Nair Bhagyalakshmi , Nair Reshma Ravindran 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:Mucin 1 (MUC 1) is a highly glycosylated tumor-associated antigen (TAA) overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This protein plays a critical role in various immune-mediated signaling pathways at its transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, leading to immune evasion and metastasis in HCC. HCC cells maintain an immune-suppressive environment with the help of immunesuppressive tumor-associated antigens, resulting in a metastatic spread of the disease. The development of intense immunotherapeutic strategies to target tumor-associated antigen is critical to overcoming the progression of HCC. MUC 1 remains the most recognized tumor-associated antigen since its discovery over 30 years ago. A few promising immunotherapies targeting MUC 1 are currently under clinical trials, including CAR-T and CAR-pNK-mediated therapies. This review highlights the biosynthesis, significance, and clinical implication of MUC 1 as an immune target in HCC.
Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Bacterial Evaluation of Tetrahydrobenzothiophene
Derivatives as Lipopolysaccharide Biogenesis Inhibitors
Authors: Chen Jun , Pei Shuchen , Yang Jinhua , Xia Shihao , Tang Shuting , Yuan Kangyao 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria have emerged as major
threats to human communities worldwide. There is a great need to develop new mechanisms by which
anti-bacterial agents can combat bacterial antibiotic resistance.

Objective:
This study aims to synthesize and characterize a series of novel tetrahydrobenzothiophene
derivatives and evaluate their anti-bacterial activities.

Method:
In this study, we have synthesized 2-benzamido-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-
carboxylic acid derivatives (3a-3r) and investigated their anti-bacterial activities against E. coli, P. aeruginosa,
Salmonella, and S. aureus.

Results:
The MIC values demonstrated that all synthesized derivatives possessed potent anti-bacterial
activity properties. Compounds 3b, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h, 3n, and 3q exhibited in vitro excellent anti-bacterial
efficiency. Compounds 3b, 3e, 3f, and 3p were evaluated by in vitro time-kill assay; they displayed concentration-
dependent bacteriostatic effects. Compounds 3b, 3e, 3f, and 3p showed moderate water solubility,
high stability in plasma, and moderate acute oral toxicity.

Conclusion:
Most of the 2-benzamido-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acid derivatives
exhibited potent anti-bacterial activities. The data reported in this paper may guide the design of tetrahydrobenzothiophene
derivatives.
When “Wait and See” may be the Best Option: Two Case Reports of Left
Main Artery Spontaneous Dissection
Authors: Castelo Alexandra , da Silva Tiago Pereira , Ramos Ruben , Mano Tânia Branco , Ferreira Rui Cruz 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is frequently underdiagnosed,
and the most appropriate management is unknown, particularly in high-risk anatomical subsets.

Case Reports:
Two cases of females in their 60-70s with few cardiovascular risk factors or relevant
past medical history, who presented acute myocardial infarction, have been presented. Both
were submitted to invasive coronary angiography, with a suspicion of SCAD in both cases, which
was later supported by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). They were managed
conservatively under close monitoring, with a favorable outcome. Repeated CCTA showed significant
improvement, and both patients remained asymptomatic and free from complications 6 and 12
months after the initial event.

Conclusion:
The recognition of spontaneous coronary artery dissection is essential for the correct
management of these cases because, unlike acute coronary syndrome due to atherosclerotic disease,
the results of revascularization in those patients are suboptimal and conservative management
is probably the best option, even in patients with high-risk anatomy.
WITHDRAWN: Original Antigenic Sin in COVID-19: Hoskins Effect and
Vaccine
Authors: Khan Mudassir , Manzoor Sobia , Ullah Najeeb , Khan Dilawar 
Published: March 2022

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Built Environment and Its Association with Depression among Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sokale Itunu O. , Conway Sadie H. , Douphrate David I. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
There is an increasing global quest to understand the influence of built environment (BE) on the mental health of people, particularly in later life. Older adults may be more susceptible to environmental factors than other adults for several reasons.

Objective:
The study aims to provide an overview and synthesis of the scientific literature on the relationships between built environment (BE) and depression among older people and examine possible rural-urban differences in the association.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic search for articles published in English from 2000-2018 in three electronic databases – PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycInfo. We used the Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PECO) framework to guide the search keywords’ development and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies examining associations between built environment attributes and depression were only included if they were original, peer-reviewed, reported at least one objectively measured built environment attribute, any type of depression as an outcome of interest, and the sample included people aged 50 or older.

Results:
Of 617 citations identified, 13 met our inclusion criteria. BE attributes assessed by studies varied; however, all studies reported a relationship between depression and at least one BE attribute. Four of six papers reported a protective association between green spaces and depression, while other BE attributes did not demonstrate a consistent association with depression.

Conclusion:
Adverse BE is related to depressive symptoms and should be considered in interventions targeted at preventing depression among older adults who are particularly vulnerable. Future studies focused on the relationship between the urban and rural built environment and depression among older adults are needed.