bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between blood glucose levels and length of hospital stay in patients with acute pancreatitis: An analysis of MIMIC‐III database
Authors: Wang Dongyan , Lu Jie , Zhang Pan , Hu Zhengyu , Shi Yihai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the effect of blood glucose levels on length of stay (LOS) in patients hospitalized with acute pancreatitis (AP). We retrospectively collected clinical data of patients diagnosed with AP from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC‐III) database. Dose–response analysis curves of restricted cubic spline (RCS) function and multivariate logistic regression models were used to confirm the relationship between blood glucose levels and LOS. A total of 3656 patients with AP were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to RCS, all patients were divided into three groups, namely the less than 68 mg/dl group, the 68‐104 mg/dl group, and the >104 mg/dl group. RCS showed a significant nonlinear correlation between blood glucose levels and LOS (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed a 53% higher risk of LOS greater than or equal to 2 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–1.89, p < 0.001), a 114% higher risk of LOS greater than or equal to 5 days (aOR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.86–2.47, p < 0.001), and a 130% higher risk of LOS greater than or equal to 7 days (aOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.97–2.69, p < 0.001) in patients with glucose levels greater than 104 mg/dl than patients with glucose levels 68–104 mg/dl. The risk of LOS greater than or equal to 7 days was higher in patients with blood glucose less than 68 mg/dl than patients with glucose levels 68–104 mg/dl (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.02–2.05, p = 0.040). In addition, we observed similar results in many subgroups. Our findings suggest that either hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia increase LOS in patients hospitalized with AP. For hospitalized patients with AP, blood glucose control in a reasonable range of 68–104 mg/dl is required.
Acute Epstein–Barr virus infection resembling cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Fan Ryan , Baker Catherine , Glusac Earl J. , Xu Mina L. , Gru Alejandro A. , Cohen Jeffrey M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrimary, acute Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with a variety of cutaneous eruptions, including the viral exanthem of infectious mononucleosis and erythema multiforme. Latent, chronic EBV infection can rarely result in development of lymphoproliferative disorders with cutaneous manifestations; however, these disorders do not arise from primary infection. In this report, we present a case of primary, acute EBV infection presenting with histopathologic features closely mimicking aggressive cytotoxic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma.
Air pollution during the perinatal period and neurodevelopment in children: A national population study in Taiwan
Authors: Shih Ping , Chiang Tung‐Liang , Wu Chih‐Da , Shu Bih‐Ching , Lung For‐Wey , Guo Yue Leon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between ambient particulate matter no larger than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) during the prenatal and postnatal periods and infant neurodevelopmental parameters.MethodWe conducted a population‐based birth cohort study using the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study. Participants were assessed for developmental conditions through home interviews at 6 months and 18 months of age. Exposure to PM2.5 of mothers and infants during perinatal periods was estimated using hybrid kriging/land‐use regression. The exposure was linked to each participant by home address. Logistic regression was then conducted to determine the risk of neurodevelopmental delay in relation to PM2.5.ResultsA total of 17 683 term singletons without congenital malformations were included in the final analysis. PM2.5 during the second trimester was associated with increased risks of delays in gross motor neurodevelopmental milestones (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.09 per 10 μg/m3 increase in exposure to PM2.5). Delayed fine motor development was also found to be related to exposure to PM2.5 in the second and third trimesters (aOR 1.06), as was personal–social skill (aOR 1.11 for the second trimester and 1.06 for the third). These neurodevelopmental parameters were unrelated to postnatal PM2.5 exposure.InterpretationExposure to ambient PM2.5 during pregnancy was significantly related to delay in gross motor, fine motor, and personal–social development in this population‐based study.What this paper adds

Prenatal exposure to higher PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of delayed early neurodevelopment.
The critical period for delayed gross motor development was the second trimester.
The critical period for fine motor and personal–social development was the second and third trimesters.
The Water–Employment–Migration nexus: Buzzword or useful framework?
Authors: Hussein Hussam , Ezbakhe Fatine 
Published: November 2022

SummaryMotivationCritical development studies have overlooked water‐related nexuses and frameworks proposed by development agencies that recognize that water and sanitation are linked to other development challenges and identify the synergies and trade‐offs between sectors. In particular, critical development studies have ignored these nexus approaches urged upon the governments of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the world's most water‐scarce region.PurposeThe article presents a case study of the Water–Employment–Migration (WEM) nexus framework, which has been recently proposed in policy circles. The analysis reflects on the extent to which this new nexus may be either a buzzword or instead a useful framework to improve national policies in the MENA region.Methods and approachWe undertook a comprehensive review of the relevant literature on the WEM nexus. We complemented this secondary data with interviews with key informants from the institutions involved in the WEM nexus, as well as from youth organizations active in the Mediterranean region and working in the development sector.FindingsWhat emerged is that there are no concrete examples of how to operationalize the WEM nexus at the policy level. Many respondents in the MENA region highlighted the need to “mainstream WEM in policies and plans” but were vague when asked how. There is a need for more critical evidence to elevate the WEM nexus from a discussion topic among regional organizations, to a concept that can be useful and practical.Policy implicationsRather than a new nexus, which would capture only a few sectors relating to water, what is needed is a systems thinking approach, able to encompass the complexity and multifaceted issues relating to water resources.
Organizational norms of sexual harassment and gender discrimination in Danish academia: From recognizing through contesting to queering pervasive rhetorical legitimation strategies
Authors: Guschke Bontu Lucie , Just Sine Nørholm , Muhr Sara Louise 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudies of sexual harassment in professional contexts, including academia, provide detailed explanations of the predominance and pervasiveness of sexist organizational norms that enable harassing behavior—and offer a thorough critique of the structures and practices that support and reproduce these norms. When sexist organizational norms are linked to acts of sexual harassment, it becomes clear that harassment is systemic, and that organizations tend to justify and excuse the very norms and behaviors that propagate harassment. Focusing on the context of Danish universities, we do not ask whether sexism exists in Danish society generally and in academia specifically, but rather, why issues of systemic sexism and normalized sexual harassment have been ignored for so long and how sexist organizational norms have been maintained. Based on an investigation of prevalent rhetorical strategies for legitimating sexual harassment and gendered discrimination, we discuss how recognizing these strategies may translate into concerted action against them. Introducing queer organization studies as a lever for such translation, we suggest that a norm‐critical approach may, first, explain how currently dominant norms offer sexist excuses for continued harassment and, consequently, delegitimize and change these unjust norms and the untenable practices they support.
A postcolonial and pan‐African feminist reading of Zimbabwean women entrepreneurs
Authors: Imas J. Miguel , Garcia‐Lorenzo Lucia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper challenges the Eurocentric entrepreneurship narrative from postcolonial and pan‐African feminist perspectives. Based on interview research conducted with 24 Zimbabwean women entrepreneurs, we narrate their microstorias in order to expose the legacy of entrepreneurial colonialism and patriarchy in Africa. The microstorias reveal the colonial past as well as the patriarchal norms that disenfranchise women entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe. Yet, they also reveal their struggle, resilience, resistance and their ongoing fight to construct their own identities as entrepreneurs. The paper contributes to enhance and advance further postcolonial, decolonial and critical voices in entrepreneurship and organization studies by challenging the prevailing western discourse of entrepreneurship from the introduction of necroentrepreneurism; giving support to intersectional postcolonial and Pan‐African feminist perspectives that voice global South women entrepreneurship and, by decolonizing and decentring the theoretical debates on entrepreneurship and organization.
Assessment of penetration and permeation of caffeine by confocal Raman spectroscopy in vivo and ex vivo by tape stripping
Authors: Kourbaj Ghaith , Gaiser Annette , Bielfeldt Stephan , Lunter Dominique 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTape stripping is an often‐used non‐invasive destructive method to investigate the skin penetration of a substance. In recent years, however, the suitability of confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) as a non‐invasive method of non‐destructive examination of the skin has become increasingly apparent. In this study, we compared invasion and depletion penetration and permeation kinetics of a 2% caffeine solution with and without 1,2‐pentanediol as a penetration enhancer measured with CRS and tape stripping.MethodsPorcine skin was used for tape stripping and human skin for CRS. 2% caffeine solution was applied to the skin for different incubation times. Human skin was then examined by CRS while caffeine was extracted from porcine skin and quantified via reverse‐phase HPLC. Fluxes were also measured and calculated by sum of the total amounts of caffeine penetrated into the skin.ResultsWithout penetration enhancers, there is hardly any difference between the penetration profiles of the two measurement methods for invasion, but the curves for depletion are different. Furthermore, the calculated flux values for the invasion are almost identical, but for the depletion the tape stripping values are about twice as high as the CRS values.ConclusionThe relevance of conducting invasion and depletion studies became clear and was able to show the still existing problems in the comparability of CRS and tape stripping.
Migration analysis and health impact assessment of phthalates in takeaway food packaging materials
Authors: Wang Minhao , Liu Yifei , Liang Guiyu , Ding Hongran , Zhou Xiao , Qin Sujie , Zhao Peng , Han Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlasticizers are commonly utilized as packaging additives in the food service industry. The takeaway food sector provides convenience to consumers, but also raises the risk of human exposure to plasticizers. The goal of this study is to determine the amount of phthalates in takeaway food packaging and compare the migration amounts under various situations. A comprehensive health impact assessment of phthalates was conducted to provide the evaluation of human's daily exposure to phthalates. The results revealed that five phthalates (di (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP)) could be detected in n‐hexane extract of plastic food packaging materials at room temperature. High amount of phthalates was correlated with high temperature or in an oily food simulant solvent. Phthalate contents in dietary exposure did not surpass the concentration that could represent a risk to human health, based on the dietary exposure evaluation.
Transgenerational impacts of oral probiotic administration in pregnant mice on offspring gut immune cells and colitis susceptibility
Authors: Okada Yoshikiyo , Sugihara Nao , Nishii Shin , Itoh Suguru , Mizoguchi Akinori , Tanemoto Rina , Horiuchi Kazuki , Tomioka Akira , Nishimura Hiroyuki , Higashiyama Masaaki , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Kurihara Chie , Tomita Kengo , Miura Soichiro , Tsuzuki Yoshikazu , Hokari Ryota 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe study of the impact of environmental factors during pregnancy on fetal development has so far been focused primarily on those negatively affecting human health; however, little is known about the effects of probiotic treatment during pregnancy on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In this study, we investigated whether oral administration of heat‐killed probiotics isolated from fermented foods decreased the vulnerability of offspring to IBD.MethodsProbiotics were administered to the pregnant mice until the birth of pups, after which the parent mice were maintained with autoclaved water. Partial pups were evaluated for dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis. The influence of CD11c+ CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mesenteric lymph nodes of parent mice and their pups was analyzed.ResultsOral administration of heat‐killed probiotics to pregnant dams significantly decreased inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate in pups. Probiotic treatment increased the number of CD103+ DCs, and the expression of β8‐integrin in CD103+ DCs and Tregs in mesenteric lymph nodes, not only in dams themselves but also in their offspring.ConclusionsOral administration of probiotics during gestation induced transgenerational immunomodulatory effects on the gut‐associated immune system and resilience to experimental colitis in the offspring. Our results suggest that consumption of fermented foods during pregnancy can be effective in preventing inflammatory diseases such as IBD beyond generation.
The critical role of IFNγ in the epidermotropic migration of lymphocytes in oral lichen planus
Authors: Wang Yuhong , Wei Minghui , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Yuan , Wang Xinwen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe chemokines play a crucial role in the recruitment of lymphocytes in oral lichen planus, and the activated epithelial cells are the main producers of the chemokines. However, the signals provoking chemokine secretion still remain to be elucidated.MethodsThe global expression profile of chemokines in oral epithelial cell line induced by IFNγ was determined by microarray analysis. The gene and protein expression was validated in primary culture of oral epithelial cells, and the effects of IFNγ on regulating chemokine production were compared with that of TNFα and IL2. Moreover, the capability of primary culture of oral epithelial cells to attract peripheral lymphocytes in response to IFNγ was investigated in oral lichen planus patients, and the cell phenotype of the recruited lymphocytes was analyzed using flow cytometry.ResultsIFNγ triggered the expression of multiple chemokines in the oral epithelial cells. The expression pattern of the chemokines closely resembled that in the epithelial cell layer of oral lichen planus lesions. Compared with IL2 and TNFα, IFNγ demonstrated a distinct maximal effect on the chemokines secretion in primary culture of oral epithelial cells. The migration of peripheral lymphocytes toward the culture supernatant of IFNγ‐treated primary culture of oral epithelial cells was significantly enhanced in the oral lichen planus group compared to that in the healthy control group.ConclusionIFNγ plays an important role in the chemokine secretion and epidermotropic migration of lymphocytes in oral lichen planus.
Underreporting of energy intake is not associated with the reported consumption of NOVA‐classified food groups in socially vulnerable women
Authors: Santos Brida Maria C. , Praxedes Dafiny R. S. , Silva‐Junior André Eduardo , Macena Mateus de Lima , Florêncio Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo , Bueno Nassib Bezerra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFew studies have investigated which types of food are least reported among underreporters of energy intake (EI). This study assessed the association between the underreporting of EI and the consumption report of food groups according to NOVA classification in women in social vulnerability. EI was measured through three 24‐h dietary recalls administered by the research team. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was evaluated using the doubly labelled water method. The percentage of EI arising from each NOVA group food classification (unprocessed/minimally processed foods, culinary ingredients, processed foods and ultra‐processed foods [UPF]) was calculated. The agreement between the EI and the TEE was assessed using the ratio EI:TEE. Associations were assessed with Pearson's correlation and multivariable linear regression, adjusted for age, education and body fat. The sample (63 women, age: 30.8 years, Body Mass Index: 27.6 kg/m2) reported an EI of 1849 kcal and a TEE of 2223 kcal, with a mean EI:TEE of 0.85. There were no significant correlations between the EI:TEE and the reported food intake according to NOVA classifications. Multivariable linear regression also did not show any significant associations (UPF: 8.47, 95% CI: [−3.65; 20.60] %kcal; Processed: −6.85, [−19.21; 7.71] %kcal; Culinary ingredients: 1.30 [−5.10; 7.71] %kcal; Unprocessed/minimally processed: −2.92 [−10.98; 5.13] %kcal). In conclusion, socially vulnerable women that underreport their EI do not report a lower intake of any specific group of foods according to NOVA classification.
Ecological corridors homogenize plant root endospheric mycobiota
Authors: Hu Jie , Vandenkoornhuyse Philippe , Khalfallah Fadwa , Causse‐Védrines Romain , Mony Cendrine 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Ecological corridors promote species coexistence in fragmented habitats where dispersal limits species fluxes. The corridor concept was developed and investigated with macroorganisms in mind, while microorganisms, the invisible majority of biodiversity, were disregarded.

We analyzed the effect of corridors on the dynamics of endospheric fungal assemblages associated with plant roots at the scale of 1 m over 2 years (i.e. at five time points) by combining an experimental corridor‐mesocosm with high‐throughput amplicon sequencing.

We showed that plant root endospheric mycobiota were sensitive to corridor effects when the corridors were set up at a small spatial scale. The endospheric mycobiota of connected plants had higher species richness, lower beta‐diversity, and more deterministic assembly than the mycobiota of isolated plants. These effects became more pronounced with the development of host plants.

Biotic corridors composed of host plants may thus play a key role in the spatial dynamics of microbial communities and may influence microbial diversity and related ecological functions.
Exploring experiences of loneliness among Canadian long‐term care residents during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Smith Chelsea B. , Wong Karen Lok Yi , To‐Miles Flora , Dunn Sheila , Gregorio Mario , Wong Lily , Tam Samantha , Huynh Polly , Hung Lillian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has significant impact on long‐term care (LTC) residents’ health and well‐being.ObjectivesThis study investigated resident experiences of loneliness during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Canadian LTC homes to offer lessons learned and implications.Methods15 residents and 16 staff members were recruited from two large urban Canadian LTC homes with large outbreaks and fatalities. We used a telepresence robot to conduct one‐on‐one semi‐structured interviews with participants remotely. We applied the Collaborative Action Research (CAR) methodology and report the early phase of CAR focused on collecting data and reporting findings to inform actions for change. Thematic analysis was performed to identify themes.ResultsFour themes were identified. The first two themes characterise what commonly generated feelings of loneliness amongst residents, including (1) social isolation and missing their family and friends and (2) feeling hopeless and grieving for lives lost. The second two themes describe what helped residents alleviate loneliness, including (3) social support and (4) creating opportunities for recreation and promoting positivity.ConclusionsResidents living in LTC experienced significant social isolation and grief during the pandemic that resulted in loneliness and other negative health consequences.Implications for practicePromoting meaningful connection, safe recreational activities and a positive atmosphere in LTC homes during the pandemic may help mitigate residents’ experiences of loneliness due to social isolation and/or grief and enhance their quality of life.
Valuable and pernicious collective intellectual self‐trust1
Authors: El Kassar Nadja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent years have seen a shift in epistemological studies of intellectual self‐trust or epistemic self‐trust: intellectual self‐trust is not merely epistemologists’ tool for silencing epistemic skepticism or doubt, it is recognized as a disposition of individuals and collectives interesting in its own rights. In this exploratory article I focus on a particular type of intellectual self‐trust—collective intellectual self‐trust—and I examine which features make for valuable or pernicious collective intellectual self‐trust. From accounts of the value of individual intellectual self‐trust I take three frameworks for evaluating collective intellectual self‐trust: an epistemically consequentialist, a virtue‐theoretic and a prudential/pragmatic framework (§2). Then I introduce collective intellectual self‐trust (§3). Against this background I explain what is distinctive of valuable collective intellectual self‐trust (§4) and pernicious collective intellectual self‐trust (§5) within the three frameworks. I close by discussing the relation between the three frameworks and argue that evaluating intellectual self‐trust requires a multi‐perspectival approach constituted by the three frameworks.