bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Functional Principal Component Analysis via a Functional Pairwise Spatial Sign Operator
Authors: Wang Guangxing , Liu Sisheng , Han Fang , Di Chong-Zhi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFunctional principal component analysis (FPCA) has been widely used to capture major modes of variation and reduce dimensions in functional data analysis. However, standard FPCA based on the sample covariance estimator does not work well if the data exhibits heavy-tailedness or outliers. To address this challenge, a new robust FPCA approach based on a functional pairwise spatial sign (PASS) operator, termed PASS FPCA, is introduced. We propose robust estimation procedures for eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. Theoretical properties of the PASS operator are established, showing that it adopts the same eigenfunctions as the standard covariance operator and also allows recovering ratios between eigenvalues. We also extend the proposed procedure to handle functional data measured with noise. Compared to existing robust FPCA approaches, the proposed PASS FPCA requires weaker distributional assumptions to conserve the eigenspace of the covariance function. Specifically, existing work are often built upon a class of functional elliptical distributions, which requires inherently symmetry. In contrast, we introduce a class of distributions called the weakly functional coordinate symmetry (weakly FCS), which allows for severe asymmetry and is much more flexible than the functional elliptical distribution family. The robustness of the PASS FPCA is demonstrated via extensive simulation studies, especially its advantages in scenarios with nonelliptical distributions. The proposed method was motivated by and applied to analysis of accelerometry data from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study, a large-scale epidemiological study to investigate the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and cardiovascular health among older women.
Biophysiological stress markers relate differently to grit and school engagement among lower‐ and higher‐track secondary school students
Authors: Hoferichter Frances , Raufelder Diana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines the relationship between adolescents’ biophysiological stress (i.e. cortisol, alpha‐amylase and oxidative stress) and the development of grit and school engagement over one school year.AimsThe study aims to identify how objective stress affects grit and three dimensions of school engagement. Based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, the study considers lower‐ and higher‐track school students and their genders.SampleThe sample consists of secondary school students (N = 82; MAge = 13.71; SD = 0.67; 48% girls) from Germany.MethodsStudents participated in a questionnaire and a biophysiological study in the first semester (t1) of the school year and completed the same questionnaire at the end of the school year (t2). After conducting whole‐sample analysis, a multi‐group cross‐lagged panel model was calculated to identify differences among students at lower‐ and higher‐track schools.ResultsWhole‐sample analysis reveals that students who exhibit high levels of cortisol report lower cognitive school engagement at t2, whereas students who exhibit high levels of alpha‐amylase exhibit less grit at t2. Additionally, lower‐track students who exhibited high cortisol levels reported lower cognitive and emotional school engagement throughout the school year. Furthermore, higher‐track students with high oxidative stress levels reported lower grit and behavioural school engagement at t2.ConclusionsExamining the relationship between biophysiological stress markers and grit and school engagement of students at lower‐ and higher‐track schools indicates that the educational context and its specific subculture shapes physiological stress reactions, which are related differently to grit and engagement dimensions.
Incorporating AI and learning analytics to build trustworthy peer assessment systems
Authors: Darvishi Ali , Khosravi Hassan , Sadiq Shazia , Gašević Dragan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeer assessment has been recognised as a sustainable and scalable assessment method that promotes higher‐order learning and provides students with fast and detailed feedback on their work. Despite these benefits, some common concerns and criticisms are associated with the use of peer assessments (eg, scarcity of high‐quality feedback from peer student‐assessors and lack of accuracy in assigning a grade to the assessee) that raise questions about their trustworthiness. Consequently, many instructors and educational institutions have been anxious about incorporating peer assessment into their teaching. This paper aims to contribute to the growing literature on how AI and learning analytics may be incorporated to address some of the common concerns associated with peer assessment systems, which in turn can increase their trustworthiness and adoption. In particular, we present and evaluate our AI‐assisted and analytical approaches that aim to (1) offer guidelines and assistance to student‐assessors during individual reviews to provide better feedback, (2) integrate probabilistic and text analysis inference models to improve the accuracy of the assigned grades, (3) develop feedback on reviews strategies that enable peer assessors to review the work of each other, and (4) employ a spot‐checking mechanism to assist instructors in optimally overseeing the peer assessment process.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Engaging students in peer assessment has been demonstrated to have various benefits. However, there are some common concerns associated with employing peer assessment that raise questions about their trustworthiness as an assessment item.
What this paper adds

Methods and processes on how AI and learning analytics may be incorporated to address some of the common concerns associated with peer assessment systems, which in turn, can increase their trustworthiness and adoption.
Implications for practice

Presentation of a systematic approach for development, deployment and evaluation of AI and analytics approaches in peer assessment systems.
The influence of implant design on implant stability in low‐density bone under guided surgical template in inexperienced surgeons: A pilot randomized controlled clinical trial using resonance frequency analysis
Authors: Supachaiyakit Pinmuk , Serichetaphongse Pravej , Chengprapakorn Wareeratn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere are several factors that greatly influence implant stability with implant design being a paramount factor; however, few studies investigate its impact.AimTo investigate the implant stability in relation to two different implant designs, a cylindrical shaped single‐threaded design (CS/ST) and a tapered shaped double‐threaded design (TS/DT) using resonance frequency analysis over the first 8 weeks after implantation.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐eight implants were randomly allocated using computer‐generated random numbers into two groups and were placed as single tooth implant in the posterior arch in human jaw as specimens. iCAT™ CBCT scan (Hatfield, PA) was used to determine the bone density according to Misch's Bone classification. The osseotomy sites were prepared and implants were placed with guided surgical template by inexperienced surgeons which were prepared with the same implant planning software (3shape® implant studio). The implant stability was measured using the resonance frequency analysis Osstell® ISQ (Osstell AB, Sweden) on the implant level over the first 8 weeks at three different time intervals. A mean implant stability quotient (ISQ) value was recorded at each measurement time points. The first ISQ of each implant recorded at the time of implant placement were considered as baseline and were the so‐called primary stability.ResultsAll 28 dental implants were analyzed. A similar pattern of implant stability changes was observed in both implant designs. A significant decreased was found at the first 4 weeks after implantation (p < 0.05) before ascending to maximum cumulative stability by the eighth week (p < 0.05). Between the two groups, TS/DT group had a higher mean ISQ values than that of the CS/ST group at all three observation periods but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.69). Regarding different types of bone, TS/DT showed a significant difference in mean ISQ values in D4 bone. To date, all 28 implants are in function with no failure/and or complications.ConclusionsThe difference in implant design did not significantly influence the implant stability. TS/DT shows superiority over CS/ST when placed in D4 bone and offer a significant advantage due to their positive bounce back of the ISQ values by the eighth week after implant installation.Clinical Trial Registration: TCTR20211020005.
Climate‐change vulnerability assessments of natural resources in U.S. National Parks
Authors: Michalak Julia L. , Lawler Joshua J. , Gross John E. , Agne Michelle C. , Emmet Robert L. , Hsu Hsin‐Wu , Griffey Vivian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClimate change poses significant challenges to protected area management globally. Anticipatory climate adaptation planning relies on vulnerability assessments that identify parks and resources at risk from climate change and associated vulnerability drivers. However, there is currently little understanding of where and how protected area assessments have been conducted and what assessment approaches best inform park management. To address this knowledge gap, we systematically evaluated climate‐change vulnerability assessments of natural resources in U.S. National Parks. We categorized the spatial scale, resources, methods, and handling of uncertainty for each assessment and mapped which parks have assessments and for what resources. We found that a few broad‐scale assessments provide baseline information—primarily regarding physical climate change exposure—for all parks and can support regional to national decisions. However, finer‐scale assessments are required to inform decisions for individual or small groups of parks. Only 10% of parks had park‐specific assessments describing key climate impacts and identifying priority resource vulnerabilities, and 37% lacked any regional or park‐specific assessments. We identify assessment approaches that match the scale and objectives of different protected area management decisions and recommend a multi‐scaled approach to implementing assessments to meet the information needs of a large, protected area network like the National Park system.
Influence of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the P2Y12 receptor antagonist selatogrel
Authors: Schilling Uta , Hsin Chih‐Hsuan , Delahaye Stephane , Krause Andreas , Wuelfrath Hauke , Halabi Atef , Dingemanse Jasper 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSelatogrel is a potent and selective reversible P2Y12 receptor antagonist in development for early treatment of acute myocardial infarction via subcutaneous (s.c.) self‐injection. Selatogrel is almost exclusively eliminated via the hepatobiliary route. Hepatic impairment is associated with reduced drug clearance and primary hemostasis. This single‐center, open‐label study investigated the effect of mild and moderate hepatic impairment on pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of a single s.c. dose of selatogrel (16 mg). The study included groups of eight subjects with mild and moderate hepatic impairment, and matched healthy control subjects. Compared to healthy subjects, exposure to selatogrel in subjects with mild and moderate hepatic impairment was 30% and 108% (maximum plasma concentration [Cmax]) and 47% and 212% (area under the concentration‐time curve from zero to infinity [AUC0–∞]) higher, respectively. Hepatic impairment was associated with lower clearance and volume of distribution, whereas plasma protein binding was not affected. Marked inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA > 80%) was attained within 30 min in all subjects and hepatic impairment prolonged IPA duration. Area under the effect curve was 60% and 160% higher in subjects with mild and moderate hepatic impairment, respectively. PK/PD modeling identified a change in the relationship between exposure and IPA, with a steeper concentration‐effect relationship in healthy subjects compared to subjects with hepatic impairment. The combination of higher exposure and lower half‐maximum inhibitory concentration resulted in longer lasting effect. In conclusion, hepatic impairment alters the PK/PD relationship leading to prolonged effects. Therefore, dose adjustments may be warranted in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment.
Pattern of oral and maxillofacial trauma and associated factors: An 8‐year prospective study
Authors: Porto Damião Edgleys , da Silva Barbirato Davi , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite , de Souza Andrade Emanuel Sávio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsOral and maxillofacial trauma (OMFT) is a public health problem due to its high occurrence and demand for resources for its management and the financial and social impact of OMFT victims on the health system. The aim of this study was to conduct an 8‐year prospective analysis of OMFT cases from an emergency service.Materials and MethodsA hospital‐based 8‐year prospective study on OMFT and associated factors was performed on data from December 2011 to December 2019. Data regarding sociodemographic (gender, age, and skin color) and socio‐economic profiles (educational level, family income, and occupation), OMFT profile (etiology, OMFT type, and treatment), associated factors [alcohol consumption and personal protective equipment (PPE) use], OMFT occurrence (injury day and hour), length of hospital stay, and cost were collected. Descriptive and inferential analyses of data were performed.ResultsMost OMFT cases involved men with low schooling and family income, resulting from traffic accidents. OMFT severity was associated with longer hospital stay, higher hospital costs and nonuse of PPE, midface fractures (mainly orbital‐zygomatic fractures), closed reduction, and open reduction/internal fixation. Traffic accidents were the main cause of longer hospital stays for victims aged 41–60 years with better socio‐economic status compared with cases that had higher hospital costs. In general, higher hospital costs were associated with victims of violence under 40 years of age, with low schooling and farmers. Alcohol consumption and non‐use of PPE also contributed to increasing the length of hospital stay.ConclusionOral and maxillofacial trauma severity was associated with longer hospital stay and higher hospital costs. Associated factors such as alcohol consumption and non‐use of PPE contributed to increase the length of hospital stay and OMFT severity.
MicroRNA‐27a‐3p relieves inflammation and neurologic impairment after cerebral ischaemia reperfusion via inhibiting lipopolysaccharide induced TNF factor and the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Luo Jing , Li Junjie , Xiong Li , Fan Linna , Peng Lijia , Yang Yuan , Lu Di , Shao Jianlin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCerebral ischaemia reperfusion (CIR) affects microRNA (miR) expression and causes substantial inflammation. Here, we investigated the influence and underlying mechanism of miR‐27a‐3p in rats with CIR. First, biliverdin treatment relieved cerebral infarction and decreased the levels of serum interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. Through our previous study, we found key miR‐27a‐3p and its targeted gene LITAF might involve in the molecular mechanism of CIR. Then, the regulation between miR‐27a‐3p and LITAF was verified by the temporal miR‐27a‐3p and LITAF expression profiles and luciferase assay. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection of the miR‐27a‐3p mimic significantly decreased the LITAF, TLR4, NF‐κB, and IL‐6 levels at 24 h post‐surgery, whereas miR‐27a‐3p inhibitor reversed these effects. Furthermore, miR‐27a‐3p mimic could relieve cerebral infarct and neurologic deficit after CIR. In addition, injection of miR‐27a‐3p mimic decreased neuronal damage induced by CIR. Taken together, our results suggest that miR‐27a‐3p protects against CIR by relieving inflammation, neuronal damage, and neurologic deficit via regulating LITAF and the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway.
Latency of poststroke epilepsy can predict drug resistance
Authors: Lattanzi Simona , Trinka Eugen , Turcato Gianni , Rinaldi Claudia , Cagnetti Claudia , Foschi Nicoletta , Broggi Serena , Norata Davide , Brigo Francesco , Silvestrini Mauro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe progressive nature of epileptogenesis raises the question of whether the latent period may already carry information about the characteristics of the subsequent epilepsy. This study aimed to explore whether the time from stroke to epilepsy onset was related to the risk of drug resistance in patients with poststroke epilepsy (PSE).MethodsPatients with epilepsy secondary to cerebral infarct or spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were included. Study outcome was the occurrence of drug resistance defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated and appropriately chosen and used antiseizure medication schedules to achieve sustained seizure freedom.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐nine patients with PSE and a median follow‐up of 5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 3–9) years were included. In the study cohort, 29 (18.2%) participants were drug resistant. The median length of the time interval between stroke and PSE onset was 13 (IQR = 7–15) months in drug‐resistant patients and 19 (IQR = 14–42) months (p < 0.001) in patients with seizure control. According to multivariable regression analysis, the time from stroke to PSE was an independent predictor of drug resistance (p < 0.001). The risk of drug resistance was highest when the onset of PSE occurred within the first months from stroke and decreased progressively with a steeper decline over the first 12 months.ConclusionsSubstantial variability may exist in the pathways leading to PSE and distinguish patients with a variable risk of drug resistance.
New treatments and new assessment instruments for Hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: van Straalen Kelsey R. , Ingram John R. , Augustin Matthias , Zouboulis Christos C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch interest in Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) has grown exponentially over the past decades. Several groups have worked to develop novel scores that address the drawbacks of existing investigator‐assessed and patient‐reported outcome measures currently used in HS trials, clinical practice and research. In clinical trial settings, the drawbacks of the HiSCR have become apparent; mainly, it is lack of a dynamic measurement of draining tunnels. The newly developed (dichotomous) IHS4 and HASI‐R are backed up by adequate validation data and are good contenders to become the new primary outcome measure in HS clinical trials. Patient‐reported outcomes, as well as physician reported measures, are being developed by the HIdradenitis SuppuraTiva cORe outcomes set International Collaboration (HISTORIC). For example, the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Quality of Life (HiSQOL) score is a validated measure of HS‐specific quality of life and is already being used in many HS trials. Magnitude of pain measurement via a 0–10 numerical rating scale is well‐established; however, consensus is still required to ensure consistent administration and interpretation of the instrument. A longitudinal measurement over multiple days rather than at one time point, such as for example the Pain Index could provide increased reliability and reduced recall bias. Ultimately, these newly developed scores and tools can be included in a standardized registry to be used in routine clinical practice.
High‐rise plastic: Socio‐material entanglements in apartments
Authors: Horne Ralph , Dorignon Louise , Middha Bhavna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlastic is a persistent problem in westernised cities. Yet it is also a key mediator, affording and assisting the everyday. In small apartments, it supports daily life by assisting with waste management, storage, and provisioning of affordable ornaments and furniture. Plastic, in this context, is a mundane and utilitarian substrate to apartment life, as well as being a problematic potential pollutant. Recognising the diverse contributions to research on high‐density living, this paper draws on vertical urbanism and relational ideas of home. It explores the socio‐material entanglements of plastic in apartments through household interviews across Melbourne, London, Barcelona, and Perth. The research reveals ways in which plastic mediates the material inequalities of high‐rise living, typified by entanglements of space constraint, transience, and waste management. The contribution is twofold. Theoretically, our work suggests a direction for socio‐materialities research in reframing ideas of home as a static, physical site, to one that is more contingent materially and spatially. As various households adapt and make do, their refuges in the sky are being reconfigured physically and symbolically by and through plastic. Relational approaches can help to reveal the mundane but critical entanglements of plastic and everyday life in apartments. Second, empirically, we show that mundane infrastructures matter; they shape the spaces and places of plastic and apartment inequalities. Thus, policy interventions that target household behaviours can only have a marginal impact on plastic consumption where uneven infrastructures remain. Moreover, they may direct attention away from where change might be more promising, such as wider social rules and meanings around plastic, and the materialities of building design/management for waste infrastructures both inside and outside the apartment.
Deep care: The COVID‐19 pandemic and the work of marginal feminist organizing in India
Authors: Banerjee Pallavi , Khandelwal Chetna , Sanyal Megha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we adopt a Southern feminist epistemology to critically appraise the ways in which media discourse on gendered organizing during the Indian COVID‐19‐induced migrant crisis resists or reinforces hegemonic caste hierarchies. To contextualize this work, we briefly historicize scholarship on feminist organizing around land rights, hunger, and violence, while noting the politics of contagion and pollution narratives plaguing the pandemic discourse in India. After conducting a qualitative content analysis (QCA) followed by a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of media discourses across three tiers (international, national, and local), we found that international and national tiers of discourse largely deployed a savarna gaze that worked to 1) Reinforce brahminical and technocratic pandemic narratives and 2) Delegitimize Dalit marginal organizing feminist work and Dalit sensibilities through seven overlapping metrics of erasure. On the other hand, local tier of discourse confronted the savarna gaze, amplified voices of Dalit and Muslim women by centering their narratives of resistance, and tackled the exacerbation of casteist oppression under the pandemic in the service of emancipation. Local discourses also highlight how marginal organizing during the first pandemic lockdown involved provision of essential resources and services (food, medical care, security) for mostly Dalit and Muslim migrant workers, and women intersectionally facing domestic violence and savarna violence. Despite the brahmininal structural oppression, Dalit feminist praxis' emblematic resistance of oppressive structures, during and beyond times of crisis, constitutes what we call the work of deep care.