bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Lasiosiphon eriocephalus
(Decne): In vitro Assessment of their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and
Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Datkhile Kailas D. , Durgawale Pratik P. , Patil Satish R. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
The emergence of novel nanobiomedicine has transformed the management
of various infectious as well as non-infectious diseases. Lasiosiphon eriocephalus, a medicinal
plant, revealed the presence of active secondary metabolites and biological potentials.

Objective:
The present study was aimed to demonstrate the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles
using L. eriocephalus leaf extract (LE-AgNPs) and their biological properties, such as antioxidant,
antibacterial and anticancer potential.

Methods:
The biosynthesized LE-AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, and
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The antibacterial activity was checked by
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition assays against Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria. The anticancer potential of biogenic LE-AgNPs was checked by cytotoxicity
and genotoxicity assay against human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and human breast
adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells.

Results:
UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles by measuring
the surface plasmon resonance peak of the colloidal solution at 410-440 nm. The results of SEM
and TEM revealed the distribution and spherical shape of 20-50 nm sized AgNPs. XRD spectrum
confirmed the characteristic peaks at the lattice planes 110, 111, 200, 220 and 311 of silver which
confirmed the crystalline nature of biosynthesized LE-AgNPs. FTIR spectrum of plant extract and
biogenic LE-AgNPs was recorded in between 1635-3320 cm-1 which confirmed stretching vibrations
of possible functional groups C=C and O-H, responsible for the reduction of silver ions to
silver nanoparticles. The in vitro antioxidant potential of LE-AgNPs was evaluated using DPPH
(IC50 = 26.51 ± 1.15 μg/mL) and ABTS radical assays (IC50 =74.33 ± 2.47 μg/mL). The potential
antibacterial effects of LE-AgNPs confirmed that 92.38 ± 2.70% growth inhibition occurred in E.
coli in response to 0.1mg/mL concentration of LE-AgNPs followed by P. aeruginosa (75.51 ±
0.76), S. aureus (74.53 ± 1.26) and K. pneumoniae (67.4 ± 3.49). The cytotoxicity results interpreted
that the biogenic silver nanoparticles exhibited strong dose and time dependent cytotoxicity
effect against selected cancer cell lines where IC50 concentration of LE-AgNPs required to inhibit
the growth of HeLa cells after 24 h exposure was 4.14 μg/mL and MCF7 cells 3.00 μg/mL, respectively.
Significant DNA fragmentation was seen in the DNA extracted from HeLa and MCF-7 cells
exposed to more than 2.5 to 10 μg/mL concentrations of LE-AgNPs.

Conclusion:
The overall findings from the present investigation indicated that the AgNPs synthesized
using L. eriocephalus exerted strong biological potentials such as antioxidant, antimicrobial
and extensive cytotoxicity and genotoxicity activities.
A Spatiotemporal Solution to Control COVID-19 Transmission at the Community Scale for Returning to Normalcy: COVID-19 Symptom Onset Risk Spatiotemporal Analysis
Authors: Tong Chengzhuo , Shi Wenzhong , Zhang Anshu , Shi Zhicheng 
Published: December 2022

Background
Following the recent COVID-19 pandemic, returning to normalcy has become the primary goal of global cities. The key for returning to normalcy is to avoid affecting social and economic activities while supporting precise epidemic control. Estimation models for the spatiotemporal spread of the epidemic at the refined scale of cities that support precise epidemic control are limited. For most of 2021, Hong Kong has remained at the top of the “global normalcy index” because of its effective responses. The urban-community-scale spatiotemporal onset risk prediction model of COVID-19 symptom has been used to assist in the precise epidemic control of Hong Kong.

Objective
Based on the spatiotemporal prediction models of COVID-19 symptom onset risk, the aim of this study was to develop a spatiotemporal solution to assist in precise prevention and control for returning to normalcy.

Methods
Over the years 2020 and 2021, a spatiotemporal solution was proposed and applied to support the epidemic control in Hong Kong. An enhanced urban-community-scale geographic model was proposed to predict the risk of COVID-19 symptom onset by quantifying the impact of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccination, and the imported case risk. The generated prediction results could be then applied to establish the onset risk predictions over the following days, the identification of high–onset-risk communities, the effectiveness analysis of response measures implemented, and the effectiveness simulation of upcoming response measures. The applications could be integrated into a web-based platform to assist the antiepidemic work.

Results
Daily predicted onset risk in 291 tertiary planning units (TPUs) of Hong Kong from January 18, 2020, to April 22, 2021, was obtained from the enhanced prediction model. The prediction accuracy in the following 7 days was over 80%. The prediction results were used to effectively assist the epidemic control of Hong Kong in the following application examples: identified communities within high–onset-risk always only accounted for 2%-25% in multiple epidemiological scenarios; effective COVID-19 response measures, such as prohibiting public gatherings of more than 4 people were found to reduce the onset risk by 16%-46%; through the effect simulation of the new compulsory testing measure, the onset risk was found to be reduced by more than 80% in 42 (14.43%) TPUs and by more than 60% in 96 (32.99%) TPUs.

Conclusions
In summary, this solution can support sustainable and targeted pandemic responses for returning to normalcy. Faced with the situation that may coexist with SARS-CoV-2, this study can not only assist global cities in responding to the future epidemics effectively but also help to restore social and economic activities and people’s normal lives.
Persuasive Messages for Improving Adherence to COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors: Randomized Online Experiment
Authors: Mourali Mehdi , Benham Jamie L , Lang Raynell , Fullerton Madison M , Boucher Jean-Christophe , Cornelson Kirsten , Oxoby Robert J , Constantinescu Cora , Tang Theresa , Marshall Deborah A , Hu Jia 
Published: December 2022

Background
Adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19, including physical distancing, masking, staying home while sick, and avoiding crowded indoor spaces, remains critical for limiting the spread of COVID-19.

Objective
The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of using various persuasive appeals (deontological moral frame, empathy, identifiable victim, goal proximity, and reciprocity) at improving intentions to adhere to prevention behaviors.

Methods
A randomized online experiment using a representative sample of adult Canadian residents with respect to age, ethnicity, and province of residence was performed from March 3 to March 6, 2021. Participants indicated their intentions to follow public health guidelines, saw one of six flyers featuring a persuasive appeal or no appeal, and then rated their intentions a second time. Known correlates of attitudes toward public health measures were also measured.

Results
Intentions to adhere to public health measures increased in all appeal conditions. The message featuring an empathy appeal resulted in a greater increase in intentions than the control (no appeal) message. Moreover, the effectiveness of persuasive appeals was moderated by baseline intentions. Deontological, empathy, identifiable victim, and reciprocity appeals improved intentions more than the control message, but only for people with lower baseline intentions to adhere to nonpharmaceutical interventions.

Conclusions
Public health marketing campaigns aiming to increase adherence to COVID-19 protective behaviors could achieve modest gains by employing a range of persuasive appeals. However, to maximize impact, it is important that these campaigns be targeted to the right individuals.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05722106; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05722106
Concept and Management of Diffuse Hair Loss (Intithār al-Sha‘r) in the light of Unani medicine: A Review
Authors: Akhter Farzana , Quamri M. A. , Yousf Nasir 
Published: December 2022

Diffuse Hair loss (DHL) is an excessive loss of hair from all over the scalp without producing any bald spots, inflammation or scarring. It is the result of disruption of one phase of the hair cycle. According to Unani system, the term used is Intithār al-Sha‘r. Various Unani scholars like Dioscorides, Ibn Māswayh, Zakariyyā Rāzī, Ali Ibn Abbas Al-Majūsī, Ibn Sīnā described Intithār al-Sha‘r in detail with its etiopathogenesis and management in their treatises. They stated that the most common cause is poor production of bukhārāt-i-dukhānīyya, leads to poor gathering in the masamaat (Skin pores), thus, producing yābusat in the whole body. This yābusat alter the normal structure of body’s skin, make it extremely thin and loose. So, hair comes out easily when gently pulled, resulting in hair thinning and shedding. The purpose of this review is to highlight the concept of Diffuse Hair Loss in Unani system with its treatment as mentioned in classical Unani books.
Keywords: Diffuse Hair Loss, Intithār al-Sha‘r, bukhārāt-i-dukhānīyya, Unani scholars,
Banking contracts in the system of civil law contracts
Authors: Kryvenko Yu. 
Published: December 2022

The article attempts to determine the place of bank contracts in the system of civil law contracts on the basis of the current legislation and the points of view existing in the legal literature. It is noted that an indicator of the relevance and low development of this research topic is that, despite the presence of a fairly wide range of research on certain types of obligations and contracts, the issue of determining the place of banking contracts in the system of civil law contracts remains insufficiently developed.It is argued that the system of civil contracts contains a special group of contracts, the execution of which is directly the subject of banks' activities (lending, attraction of deposits, settlement operations, etc.).The peculiarity of these contracts is that the bank is always one of the participants in the transaction, and the subject of legal actions, as a rule, is money. Banking contracts have a civil-law nature, since as a result of the application of administrative-legal norms, although public-law relations arise, such legal relations exist in parallel with private-law ones and do not intersect with them.
It is emphasized that banking contracts have a civil-law nature, since as a result of the application of administrative-legal norms, although public-law relations arise, such legal relations exist in parallel with private-law ones and do not intersect with them.
The signs that characterize bank contracts as a private-law category, which occupies a rather important place in the system of civil-law contracts, are determined.
The issue, which has been the subject of discussions for a long time and is related to the classification of banking contracts as service obligations, is considered.
The legal nature of banking contracts was analyzed, based on which it was concluded that regardless of the degree and nature of state intervention in the activities of banks, banking contracts were and remain an institution of civil law, as they always lead to the emergence of property relations based on the principles of legal equality of its participants.
Subject of the agreement on the transfer of rights to use intellectual property objects in business
Authors: Kykot P. 
Published: December 2022

The article examines the issue of defining the subject of a business contract in general and the problem of the subject of a contract on the transfer of rights to use intellectual property objects in entrepreneurship in particular.
It is proven that the science of economic law defines a complex subject of a business contract, this subject includes two levels. The first level is the main action aimed at achieving the purpose of the contract. The second level is the object in relation to which this action is performed.
It was found that in the norms of the Economic Code of Ukraine and the Civil Code of Ukraine, the subject of a commercial concession contract is not defined in the same way; The Commercial Code of Ukraine does not contain a specific norm regarding the subject of this contract and defines its object more broadly than the Civil Code of Ukraine. The law defines the right to use objects of intellectual property rights, commercial experience and business reputation as the subject of a commercial concession contract.
It has been proven that the subject of the commercial concession contract is complex. At the primary level, an element of the subject matter of a commercial concession agreement is the right holder's actions, which are aimed at granting the user the right to use intellectual property rights belonging to the right holder in his business activity. At the second level, the subject of the commercial concession agreement includes the right to use the object of intellectual property rights, which the right holder grants to the user and this specific object of intellectual property.
An object of intellectual property becomes the subject of a commercial concession contract due to its turnover capacity. Its marketability is manifested in the consumer value and exchange value of the object of intellectual property (private component), as well as in the presence of a legally defined legal regime of objects of intellectual property, which establishes the rules for the alienation of such objects, their circulation in commodity circulation, which ensures balance of private and public interests (public component).
Formation and evolution of international environmental agreements compliance bodies
Authors: Pidgorodynska Yu. 
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the formation and evolution of international environmental agreements compliance bodies. Their effective functioning is an important component of the mechanisms and procedures for ensuring compliance with relevant agreements. The study demonstrates that in international environmental law, like in other branches of international law, there is a problem of ensuring compliance with regulations. However, in the field of environmental protection at the international level, a system of autonomous compliance ensuring bodies, which are not classic international intergovernmental organizations, but have certain decision-making and control powers, has been formed, which is not typical for other branches. A feature of international environmental law is the emphasis on its non-coercive enforcement, which affected the authority of bodies and methods and means of control and ensuring compliance with the obligations of the parties to the Environmental Protection Act. A traditional example of the use of non-confrontational means aimed at facilitating the implementation of a treaty, rather than forcing it, is the Montreal Protocol enforcement procedure. It was she who became the prototype for many other MDONS. These bodies make up the core of the institutional component of international environmental protection regimes.
The study of the development of these bodies over the past 30 years has shown that their creation to ensure the relevant treaties is an expanding trend. At the same time, the international community is trying to find an ideal balance between facilitation and coercion in the powers and functions of these bodies, which would help to facilitate and ensure compliance with the environmental obligations of the contracting states. Most of the procedures for ensuring compliance with international environmental agreements are based precisely on the facilitation approach. However, in the absence of the means of coercion these agreements often demonstrate their inability to guarantee compliance. As a result, the design of new international compliance bodies should demonstrate a successful combination of the elements of facilitation and enforcement. As it seems, in this regard the work of the Committee on Implementation and Compliance with the Paris Agreement to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change will be telling.
Reforming the legislation on national minorities of Ukraine in the context of europezation of the legal system of Ukraine (theoretical and legal aspect)
Authors: Perederii O. 
Published: December 2022

The article reveals the peculiarities of the optimization of national legislation, which regulates the legal status of national minorities in Ukraine. In the aspect of intensifying the processes of European integration of Ukraine, as a candidate state for joining the European Union, the low rates of improvement of the legislation on national minorities are analyzed, attention is focused on many of its imperfections, the presence of which does not correspond to the best European practices. In particular, based on the conclusions of the experts of the Venice Commission, attention is focused on the fact that the norms of the current law of Ukraine on national minorities do not provide conditions for the full implementation of linguistic identity by national minorities, since the regulation of this is not clear (norms on the protection of the linguistic identity of national minorities are contained in other legislative texts and are indirectly aimed at normalizing issues of language use only in certain fields - education, judiciary, mass media, etc.).
A classification of the directions of Europeanization of the legislative framework on issues of ensuring the full rights of national minorities is proposed: requirements of a formal and legal nature and requirements of an institutional nature are distinguished. The requirements of a formal and legal nature are reduced to the improvement of the mechanism of protection against discrimination of national minorities in the process of realizing the right to use the native language. The requirements of an institutional nature provide for the establishment of a separate authority in Ukraine, which will specialize in ensuring the implementation of legislation in the field of national minorities.
It was concluded that updating the national legislation of Ukraine on national minorities is currently an important step of our country on the long and difficult path of European integration. Accordingly, the long-term task of legal science is to develop scientifically based proposals for the development of a new law on national minorities, which in the near future will provide the maximum conditions for the full implementation of each representative of national minorities of their rights and interests.
Problematic of Sirri Marriage in Banggai Islands District: The Case of Aliyan Imamullah's Deviant Sect Marriage Central Peling District, Banggai Islands Regency
Authors: Adam Zainuddin , Nasaruddin Nasaruddin , Malarangan Hilal 
Published: December 2022

This study discusses problems of sirri marriage in Banggai Islands Regency with the focus of Aliyan Imamullah's deviant sect Marriage in Labibi Village, Central Peling District, Banggai Islands Regency. The discussion of this paper include motivating factors for carrying out sirri marriage in the Aliyan Imamullah deviant sect and the view of Islamic law and its implications for sirri marriage on household harmony among adherents of the Aliyan Imamullah deviant sect. This study used a qualitative case study approach. Data was collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and written material analysis. The data was analyzed using thematic approach by determining themes from the empirical data. The results of this study show that the driving factors for the community to carry out unregistered marriages in Labibi Village are due to economic factors, age, education, family and geography. Besides that the lack of public understanding of Islamic law and awareness of marriage registration also caused to practice unregistered marriage or sirri marriage. The practice of sirri marriage in the perspective of Islamic law is valid and appropriate because the terms and conditions have been fulfilled based on Islamic sharia. However, according Indonesia state regulations, the practice of sirri marriage is not recognized because it is not recorded by government authorities. Therefore, most the children born from siiri marriage couples could not obtain a birth certificate before their parent legalize the marriage with the state regulation.
Saidpur village through architectural lens: Deciphering urban pattern and architectural heritage
Authors: Malik Ramsha Nazir , Haiao Zhang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Saidpur is one of the oldest villages in Pakistan, its origin dates back five hundred years ago. Along with its scenic landscape, it has centuries-old historic importance as well. From the Mughal dynasty to subcontinent partitioning, this village has witnessed evolution of diverse eras. It displays architectural art and heritage of three cultures: Sikhism, Hinduism, and Islam, concentrated on one node in this place. Pakistan does not have any reliable system for recording, managing, and preserving heritage or platforms for recognition of heritage sites. As many other sites, the heritage of Saidpur is in demise and subject to vandalism today. It is important to bring forward the historic and architectural importance of this village globally. Before Saidpur’s historical vernacular construction styles are completely lost, it is essential to record its authentic and onsite information so that history can be preserved, and further actions could be taken on its protection and preservation. The case analysis of heritage buildings can also provide inspiration and learning for the future. Hence, this paper shall record and discuss Saidpur’s architectural and urban growth with time, its current situation, and analysis of its heritage architecture. This paper intends to collect and preserve both current and old accounts of Saidpur’s urban growth and architecture by research through interviews, surveys, and onsite data collection, and present them through images, drawings, records and mapping, survey infographics, tables, and analysis diagrams. The aim of this paper is to collect, generate, and record information on the evolution, history, vernacular architecture style, and heritage architecture of Saidpur and, promote and present data for further heritage conservation and protection work in Saidpur.
Redefining the learning experience in design education at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
Authors: Lipková Michala , Pergerová Zuzana , Turlíková Zuzana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present paper offers the results and evaluation of quantitative research conducted during the years 2019 and 2020 among prospective graduates and alumni of the follow-up bachelor and master study programmes of Design at the Faculty of Architecture and Design of the Slovak University of Technology (FAD STU) in Bratislava, Slovakia. The presented results of the research, combined with an analysis of the local labour market data, study of literature and an evaluation of global design education trends, were used as the foundation for changes in the learning process in design education at FAD STU, first-time implemented in the existing study programmes in the academic year 2021/22. The paper aims to provide an explanation of the new approach to learning experience design within the bachelor and master study programmes as such, but mainly described on the example of Design Studio courses. At the time of publishing, the new approach was successfully implemented in one of the faculty’s vertical studios – MX lab – a learning platform focused on project-based learning and cooperation with partners in the automotive industry.