bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing high-fidelity halo merger trees inabacussummit
Authors: Bose Sownak , Eisenstein Daniel J , Hadzhiyska Boryana , Garrison Lehman H , Yuan Sihan 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTTracking the formation and evolution of dark matter haloes is a critical aspect of any analysis of cosmological N-body simulations. In particular, the mass assembly of a halo and its progenitors, encapsulated in the form of its merger tree, serves as a fundamental input for constructing semi-analytic models of galaxy formation and, more generally, for building mock catalogues that emulate galaxy surveys. We present an algorithm for constructing halo merger trees from abacussummit, the largest suite of cosmological N-body simulations performed to date consisting of nearly 60 trillion particles, and which has been designed to meet the Cosmological Simulation Requirements of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. Our method tracks the cores of haloes to determine associations between objects across multiple time slices, yielding lists of halo progenitors and descendants for the several tens of billions of haloes identified across the entire suite. We present an application of these merger trees as a means to enhance the fidelity of abacussummit halo catalogues by flagging and ‘merging’ haloes deemed to exhibit non-monotonic past merger histories. We show that this cleaning technique identifies portions of the halo population that have been deblended due to choices made by the halo finder, but which could have feasibly been part of larger aggregate systems. We demonstrate that by cleaning halo catalogues in this post-processing step, we remove potentially unphysical features in the default halo catalogues, leaving behind a more robust halo population that can be used to create highly accurate mock galaxy realizations from abacussummit.
Constraining Type Ia supernova explosions and early flux excesses with the Zwicky Transient Factory
Authors: Deckers M , Maguire K , Magee M R , Dimitriadis G , Smith M , Sainz de Murieta A , Miller A A , Goobar A , Nordin J , Rigault M , Bellm E C , Coughlin M , Laher R R , Shupe D L , Graham M , Kasliwal M , Walters R 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
In the new era of time-domain surveys, Type Ia supernovae are being caught sooner after explosion, which has exposed significant variation in their early light curves. Two driving factors for early-time evolution are the distribution of 56Ni in the ejecta and the presence of flux excesses of various causes. We perform an analysis of the largest young SN Ia sample to date. We compare 115 SN Ia light curves from the Zwicky Transient Facility to the turtls model grid containing light curves of Chandrasekhar mass explosions with a range of 56Ni masses, 56Ni distributions, and explosion energies. We find that the majority of our observed light curves are well reproduced by Chandrasekhar mass explosion models with a preference for highly extended 56Ni distributions. We identify six SNe Ia with an early-time flux excess in our gr-band data (four ‘blue’ and two ‘red’ flux excesses). We find an intrinsic rate of 18 ± 11 per cent of early flux excesses in SNe Ia at z &lt; 0.07, based on three detected flux excesses out of 30 (10 per cent) observed SNe Ia with a simulated efficiency of 57 per cent. This is comparable to rates of flux excesses in the literature but also accounts for detection efficiencies. Two of these events are mostly consistent with circumstellar material interaction, while the other four have longer lifetimes in agreement with companion interaction and 56Ni-clump models. We find a higher frequency of flux excesses in 91T/99aa-like events (44 ± 13 per cent).
Rising of a magnetic null point in the wake of an erupting flux rope
Authors: Filippov Boris 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTArcades of flare loops rise, slowing down in the wake of eruptive prominences. They lag significantly from the top of prominences and do not reach too great heights in the corona. It is widely accepted that their evolution is governed by the limited reconnection rate in the current sheet developed below the eruptive prominence. We suggest that the shape of eruptive prominences may be the determining factor in the ascension of the arcade. Arcade deceleration and their limited heights are analysed in the frame of a simple rectangular circuit model representing prominence eruption. A null point that appears below the rising electric current does not follow it to a great height but is detained by the influence of the field created by currents flowing along the vertical segments,‘legs’, of the rectangular contour. As a result, the flare loops are able to reach only limited heights even with fast reconnection in a small current sheet.
The Runaway Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Leading to the Highly Evolved Delta Strain
Authors: Ruan Yongsen , Hou Mei , Tang Xiaolu , He Xionglei , Lu Xuemei , Lu Jian , Wu Chung-I , Wen Haijun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In new epidemics after the host shift, the pathogens may experience accelerated evolution driven by novel selective pressures. When the accelerated evolution enters a positive feedback loop with the expanding epidemics, the pathogen’s runaway evolution may be triggered. To test this possibility in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we analyze the extensive databases and identify five major waves of strains, one replacing the previous one in 2020–2021. The mutations differ entirely between waves and the number of mutations continues to increase, from 3-4 to 21-31. The latest wave in the fall of 2021 is the Delta strain which accrues 31 new mutations to become highly prevalent. Interestingly, these new mutations in Delta strain emerge in multiple stages with each stage driven by 6–12 coding mutations that form a fitness group. In short, the evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from the oldest to the youngest wave, and from the earlier to the later stages of the Delta wave, is a process of acceleration with more and more mutations. The global increase in the viral population size (M(t), at time t) and the mutation accumulation (R(t)) may have indeed triggered the runaway evolution in late 2020, leading to the highly evolved Alpha and then Delta strain. To suppress the pandemic, it is crucial to break the positive feedback loop between M(t) and R(t), neither of which has yet to be effectively dampened by late 2021. New waves after Delta, hence, should not be surprising.
Predicting base editing outcomes using position-specific sequence determinants
Authors: Pallaseni Ananth , Peets Elin Madli , Koeppel Jonas , Weller Juliane , Vanderstichele Thomas , Ho Uyen Linh , Crepaldi Luca , van Leeuwen Jolanda , Allen Felicity , Parts Leopold 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
CRISPR/Cas base editors promise nucleotide-level control over DNA sequences, but the determinants of their activity remain incompletely understood. We measured base editing frequencies in two human cell lines for two cytosine and two adenine base editors at ∼14 000 target sequences and find that base editing activity is sequence-biased, with largest effects from nucleotides flanking the target base. Whether a base is edited depends strongly on the combination of its position in the target and the preceding base, acting to widen or narrow the effective editing window. The impact of features on editing rate depends on the position, with sequence bias efficacy mainly influencing bases away from the center of the window. We use these observations to train a machine learning model to predict editing activity per position, with accuracy ranging from 0.49 to 0.72 between editors, and with better generalization across datasets than existing tools. We demonstrate the usefulness of our model by predicting the efficacy of disease mutation correcting guides, and find that most of them suffer from more unwanted editing than pure outcomes. This work unravels the position-specificity of base editing biases and allows more efficient planning of editing campaigns in experimental and therapeutic contexts.
Empty digital wallets: new technologies and old inequalities in digital financial services among women
Authors: Caron Laura 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Digital financial services (DFSs) may lower certain costs of accessing finance, but they bring new costs, including difficulties accessing mobile networks. Using the Demographic and Health Surveys and several geocoded databases in Nepal, the Philippines, Senegal and Tanzania, this paper studies the distribution of digital finance use among women and its enabling infrastructure, including mobile phone towers, compared to traditional finance. The potential of digital technologies to lessen inequalities depends on availability and access, particularly for women who may already face gaps in financial inclusion. Mobile phone towers are more unequally distributed than traditional banks, though mobile phone use is near universal. However, digital finance use is still low and almost as unequal as traditional finance, driven by the same inequalities. Wealth, education and location appear to be strongly associated with access to DFSs. The results suggest that old inequalities may constrain the promise of new digital technologies.
Memory in Written Record: Memorial Practices at Work in Middle English Copyings of Flyleaf, Marginal and Added Verse
Authors: Wilson Rowan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on the memorial practices evidenced in Middle English copyings of flyleaf, marginal and added verse—‘flyleaf verses’. These texts, typically added by later readers or book-users, are often characterized as errant incursions into the book’s organization, ephemeral traces of aural memory, mere scribbles copied without care and preserved only by chance. However, closer study reveals a variety of memorial processes underlying flyleaf verse copying, ranging from the casual jottings from memory that dominate existing scholarly perspectives, to using book-space for the deliberate practice of memorization, to copying purposefully to collect and preserve verses. This article surveys 523 records from the Digital Index of Middle English Verse (DIMEV) that contain at least one witness of a text added in a flyleaf, margin, or other blank book-space, as well as several digitized and facsimile copies of the manuscripts in which they appear. These records complicate understandings of memory’s active use in flyleaf verse copying, offering us insights into the mental processes behind medieval readers’ engagement with the marginal spaces in their books.
Safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Shechtman Liran , Lahad Karney , Livneh Avi , Grossman Chagai , Druyan Amit , Giat Eitan , Lidar Merav , Freund Sarit , Manor Uri , Pomerantz Alon , Veroslavski Daniel , Ben-Zvi Ilan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Evidence suggests a possible association between the COVID-19 vaccine and autoimmune disease flares or new onset of various autoinflammatory manifestations, such as pericarditis and myocarditis. The objective of this study was to assess the safety of an mRNA-based BNT162b2 anti-COVID-19 vaccine in individuals with FMF, a prototypic autoinflammatory disease.

Methods
Patients participating in this study fulfilled the criteria for diagnosis of FMF, were older than 18 years and received at least one dose of the vaccine. Data on baseline characteristics, features of FMF, post-vaccination side effects, and disease flares were acquired using electronic medical files and telephone interviews.

Results
A total of 273 FMF patients were recruited for the study. &gt;95% were vaccinated with two doses of the vaccine. The rates of local reactions following the first and second vaccine doses were 65.5% and 60%, respectively, and 26% and 50.4%, respectively, for systemic adverse events. These rates are lower than those reported for the general population from real-world and clinical trial settings. Postvaccination FMF activity remained stable in most patients. None of the patients reported an attack of pericarditis or myocarditis, considered the most serious vaccine-associated adverse events. Patients with a more active FMF disease and patients harboring the M694V mutation had a significantly higher rate of post-vaccination systemic side effects and attacks.

Conclusion
The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is safe in patients with FMF. Our results support the administration of this vaccine to FMF patients according to guidelines applicable to the general population.
Brain-Heart Link in Schizophrenia: Cognitive Inhibitory Control Deficit in Patients Is Specifically Related to Parasympathetic Dysregulation
Authors: Lazaridi Marina , Panagiotaropoulou Georgia , Covanis Panagiotis , Karantinos Thomas , Aggelopoulos Elias , Klein Christoph , Smyrnis Nikolaos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
This study examined the connection between two prominent deficits in schizophrenia: the deficit in parasympathetic regulation and the deficit in cognitive inhibitory control, within the framework of the Neurovisceral Integration Model (NIM).

Study Design
Thirty healthy controls and 30 patients with schizophrenia performed the internationally standardized antisaccade protocol while their electrocardiographic data were recorded. The interaction between the group, the cognitive inhibitory control as measured with error rate (ER) in the antisaccade task and parasympathetic activity as measured with the High Frequency power component of Heart Rate Variability (HF-HRV) was tested.

Study Results
Findings confirmed that decreased HF-HRV was specifically related to increased ER in patients with schizophrenia. In contrast, patient deficits in other oculomotor function measures such as reaction time and reaction time variability related to volitional movement control and cognitive stability respectively were not linked to the deficit in parasympathetic regulation.

Conclusions
Our study validates the theory behind NIM proposing that cognitive inhibition has common physiological substrate with parasympathetic regulation. Future research could test this brain-heart link in other mental disorders especially those with a prominent deficit in inhibitory cognitive function.
Mistake, misprediction, and risk-taking in tax-avoidance
Authors: Briggs Aidan , Liew Jian Jun (JJ) 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three recent decisions of the High Court concerning decisions with serious tax consequences have illuminated the continuing difficulty in identifying a principled distinction between mistakes as to present fact or law justifying rescission on the one hand, and mispredictions or ‘risk-taking’, which are afforded no remedy, on the other. This article examines the differing approaches to misprediction and risk-taking in relation to tax, and considers whether any reliable principles emerge for the benefit of those wishing to advise clients in the future.
The ameliorative impacts of wheat germ oil against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers: involvement of anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant activities
Authors: El-shafey Rabab Shaban , Baloza Samar H , Mohammed Lina Abdelhady , Nasr Hend Elsayed , Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Ghamry Heba I , Elgendy Salwa A 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examined if wheat germ oil (WGO) has gastroprotective impacts against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Rats were assigned into control, WGO, ethanol, omeprazole + ethanol, and WGO + ethanol. WGO prevented gastric ulceration and damage induced by ethanol, the same effect induced by omeprazole, a widely known medication used for gastric ulcer treatment. WGO reduced gastric ulcer index, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels in the stomach. WGO boosted the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Bcl2, and the antioxidants. WGO showed inflammatory and anti-inflammatory impacts through the control of interleukin (IL)-1β, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10 that were altered in ethanol-administered rats. Ethanol up-regulated caspase-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) expression and showed histopathological changes such as necrosis and mucosal degeneration that were mitigated by pre-administration of WGO. Moreover, WGO decreased gastric immunoreactivity of NF-kB and increased transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) that were associated with upregulation of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and antioxidant expression and production. In conclusion, WGO reduced ethanol-induced stomach toxicity by regulating genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic/antiapoptotic pathways.
Self-reported Race/Ethnicity and Intraoperative Occult Hypoxemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Burnett Garrett W. , Stannard Blaine , Wax David B. , Lin Hung-Mo , Pyram-Vincent Chantal , DeMaria Samuel , Levin Matthew A. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Pulse oximetry is ubiquitous in anesthesia and is generally a reliable noninvasive measure of arterial oxygen saturation. Concerns regarding the impact of skin pigmentation and race/ethnicity on the accuracy of pulse oximeter accuracy exist. The authors hypothesized a greater prevalence of occult hypoxemia (arterial oxygen saturation [Sao
2] less than 88% despite oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry [Spo2
] greater than 92%) in patients undergoing anesthesia who self-reported a race/ethnicity other than White.

Methods
Demographic and physiologic data, including self-reported race/ethnicity, were extracted from a departmental data warehouse for patients receiving an anesthetic that included at least one arterial blood gas between January 2008 and December 2019. Calculated Sao
2 values were paired with concurrent Spo2
values for each patient. Analysis to determine whether Black, Hispanic, Asian, or Other race/ethnicities were associated with occult hypoxemia relative to White race/ethnicity within the Spo2
range of 92 to 100% was completed.

Results
In total, 151,070 paired Sao
2–Spo2
readings (70,722 White; 16,011 Black; 21,223 Hispanic; 8,121 Asian; 34,993 Other) from 46,253 unique patients were analyzed. The prevalence of occult hypoxemia was significantly higher in Black (339 of 16,011 [2.1%]) and Hispanic (383 of 21,223 [1.8%]) versus White (791 of 70,722 [1.1%]) paired Sao
2–Spo2
readings (P < 0.001 for both). In the multivariable analysis, Black (odds ratio, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.87]; P = 0.006) and Hispanic (odds ratio, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.68]; P = 0.031) race/ethnicity were associated with occult hypoxemia. Asian and Other race/ethnicity were not associated with occult hypoxemia.

Conclusions
Self-reported Black and Hispanic race/ethnicity are associated with a greater prevalence of intraoperative occult hypoxemia in the Spo2
range of 92 to 100% when compared with self-reported White race/ethnicity.

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Psychological well-being of midlife women: a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Lee Jong-Eun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Women experience menopause at approximately 50 to 52 years of age, when reproductive aging causes various somatic, psychological, and urogenital symptoms. Women’s changing lifestyles and increasing lifespan make it difficult to pinpoint the factors affecting their well-being during menopause, warranting continuous research in this field. Therefore, this study developed a structural equation model, based on the transactional model of stress and coping, to test the significance of positive and negative factors associated with psychological health during menopause.

Methods:
This study validated a structural equation model based on the empirical data collected using a crosssectional study. We analyzed 300 questionnaire responses completed between May 15 and July 10, 2020, by South Korean middle-aged women (aged 45-60 y) who agreed to participate. The study’s structural equation model used self-efficacy as an exogenous variable and perceived stress, menopausal management, self-compassion, menopausal symptoms, and psychological well-being as endogenous variables. Educational and economic levels were set as control variables.

Results:
We observed statistical support for 9 out of 10 hypotheses; the predictor variables had an explanatory power of 79.5% for psychological well-being. Self-efficacy was positively associated with the psychological wellbeing of middle-aged menopausal women and appeared to be mediated by perceived stress, menopausal management, menopausal symptoms, and self-compassion.

Conclusions:
To improve the psychological well-being of middle-aged women, it is important to increase their self-efficacy and minimize stress. Moreover, managing menopausal symptoms and increasing self-compassion through effective coping may maximize psychological well-being.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A933.
Prevalence, severity, and associated factors in women in East Asia with moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause
Authors: Yu Qi , Chae Hee-Dong , Hsiao Sheng-Mou , Xie Jipan , Blogg Martin , Sumarsono Budiwan , Kim Soyoung 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To understand prevalence, severity, impact, and treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, using cross-sectional survey data.

Methods:
This online, two-part survey was conducted in East Asia among women 40-65 years recruited from established online panels (Edelman, Beijing; Hankook Research, Seoul; Rakuten Insight, Taipei) using stratified sampling. Part I collected demographics/disease characteristics, including menopausal status and vasomotor symptom severity. Women with moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms completed Part II, including clinical characteristics, health-related quality of life, and healthcare-seeking behavior. Primary endpoints included vasomotor symptom prevalence and severity and proportions of women eligible and willing to take hormone therapy. Results are presented for each of the three online panels separately and as a pooled total. All analyses are descriptive with no formal hypothesis testing across groups.

Results:
Numbers of peri- versus postmenopausal women completing Part I were Edelman, 1,588 (55.1% vs 44.9%); Hankook Research, 1,000 (43.6% vs 56.4%); Rakuten Insight, 773 (61.7% vs 38.3%). Vasomotor symptom prevalence was =80% in each region; overall moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptom prevalence was 55%; >50% of women were untreated. Most of those treated used non-prescription treatments. Menopausal hormone therapy use was reported by 11.6% of peri- and 7.2% of postmenopausal women. In peri- and postmenopausal women with moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms, 8.6% and 3.4%, respectively, were hormone therapy-willing, 19.3% and 16.8% hormone therapy-contraindicated, 25.4% and 23.0% hormone therapy-cautious, and 10.2% and 8.3% hormone therapy-averse. Women experienced significant burden on health-related quality of life and substantial impairment of work productivity and daily activities.

Conclusions:
Vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause affected =80% of women aged 40 to 65 years. A substantial proportion of women are unsuitable for, or choose not to take, menopausal hormone therapy, resulting in an unmet need for nonhormonal treatment options.