bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“They assume by having sex, they are a husband”: How Indian Female Sex Workers navigate relationship fluidity and sexual risk
Authors: Panchanadeswaran Subadra , Chacko Shubha , Hwahng Sel , Rahill Guitele , Joshi Manisha , Manasi Ardra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is limited evidence that highlights female sex workers’ (FSWs) agency in negotiating HIV risk in the context of multiple sexual relationships. Using a Gendered Vulnerability framework, this study employed a phenomenological approach to explore the FSWs’ active navigation of concurrent sexual relationships and their perceptions and assessments of HIV risk and sexual negotiation. Sixty (60) FSWs participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. ATLAS.ti provided an interpretive framework for data analysis. Findings revealed that FSWs navigate a complex landscape of multiple sexual relationships that influenced their condom use decisions. Despite possessing accurate HIV knowledge, FSWs in this study indicated that multiple circumstances (e.g., economic constraints, damaging gender norms, merely paying transactional relationships with some clients, emotional attachments with others, gender-role bound relationships, and instances of sexual victimization) influenced their perceptions of power and their desires and perceived capacities for HIV risk and prevention decisions. A nuanced understanding of FSWs’ concurrent fluid relationships and the cultural contexts in which Indian FSWs work are vital when planning programs and policies for HIV prevention.
Load and fatigue monitoring in instrumental musicians using an online app: A Pilot Study
Authors: McCrary J. Matt , Ascenso Sara , Savvidou Paola , Schraft Séverine , McAllister Lesley , Redding Emma , Bastepe-Gray Serap , Altenmüller Eckart 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsHigh occupational injury rates are reported in musicians, with a career prevalence of up to 89%. Fatigue and playing (over)load are identified as key risk factors for musicians’ injuries. Self-report fatigue management strategies in sport have demonstrated preventive effects. A self-report fatigue management tool for musicians was developed based on a Delphi survey of international experts and hosted in an online app. The aims of this study are to evaluate the content validity and uptake of this new tool, and explore associations between collected performance quality, physical/psychological stress, pain, injury and fatigue data.MethodsUniversity and professional musicians were asked to provide entries into the online app twice per week for one to six months. Entries into the app were designed to take 2-3 minutes to complete and consisted of the following: 6 questions regarding playing load over the previous 72 hours; 5 questions regarding current levels in key physical/psychological stress domains (sleep, recovery, overplaying, pain, fitness); one question self-rating of performance quality over the previous day; one question regarding current musculoskeletal symptoms; a reaction time task to evaluate psychomotor fatigue.ResultsN=96 participants provided an average of 2 app entries (range 0 – 43). Increased playing time, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and feelings of having to ‘play too much’ were consistently associated with increased self-rated performance quality (p≤ .004; 6.7<|t|<2148.5). Increased ratings of feeling fit and recovering well were consistently associated with reduced pain severity (p<.001; 3.8<|t|<20.4). Pain severity was increased (6.5/10 vs. 2.5/10; p<.001) in participants reporting playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs; symptoms affecting playing).ConclusionThe prospective value of regular individual self-report playing load, stress, and performance data collection in musicians is clear. However, limited uptake of the online fatigue management app piloted in this study indicates that new approaches to the collection of these data are needed to realize their potential impact.
Value-Based Neural Representations Predict Social Decision Preferences
Authors: Guassi Moreira João F. , Méndez Leal Adriana S. , Waizman Yael H. , Tashjian Sarah M. , Galván Adriana , Silvers Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2022

SummarySocial decision-making is omnipresent in everyday life, carrying the potential for both positive and negative consequences for the decision-maker and those closest to them. While evidence suggests that decision makers use value-based heuristics to guide choice behavior, very little is known about how decision makers’ representations of other agents influence social choice behavior. We used multivariate pattern expression analyses on fMRI data to understand how value-based processes shape neural representations of those affected by one’s social decisions and whether value-based encoding is associated with social decision preferences. We found that stronger value-based encoding of a given close other (e.g., parent) relative to a second close other (e.g., friend) was associated with a greater propensity to favor the former during subsequent social decision-making. These results are the first to our knowledge to explicitly show that value-based processes affect decision behavior via representations of close others.
Wildflower phenological escape differs by continent and spring temperature
Authors: Lee Benjamin R. , Miller Tara K. , Rosche Christoph , Yang Yong , Heberling J. Mason , Kuebbing Sara E. , Primack Richard B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTemperate understory plant species are at risk from climate change and anthropogenic threats that include increased deer herbivory, habitat loss, pollinator declines and mismatch, and nutrient pollution. Recent work suggests that spring ephemeral wildflowers may be at additional risk due to phenological mismatch with deciduous canopy trees. The study of this dynamic, commonly referred to as “phenological escape”, and its sensitivity to spring temperature is limited to eastern North America. Here, we use herbarium specimens to show that phenological sensitivity to spring temperature is remarkably conserved for understory wildflowers across North America, Europe, and Asia, but that canopy trees in North America are significantly more sensitive to spring temperature compared to in Asia and Europe. We predict that advancing tree phenology will lead to decreasing spring light windows in North America while spring light windows will be maintained or even increase in Asia and Europe in response to projected climate warming.
Small Molecule Protein Assembly Modulators with Pan-Cancer Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Lingappa Anuradha F. , Akintunde Olayemi , Ewald Connie , Froehlich Markus , Ziari Niloufar , Michon Maya , Yu Shao Feng , Mallesh Suguna , Lin Jim , Kitaygorodskyy Anatoliy , Solas Dennis , Reed Jonathan C. , Lingappa Jaisri R. , Mueller-Schiffmann Andreas , Korth Carsten , Prasad Dharma , Nalca Aysegul , Aston Emily , Fabbri Brad , Anand Sanjeev , Campi Thomas W. , Petrouski Emma , Dey Debendranath , Andrews David W. , Lingappa Vishwanath R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo structurally-unrelated small molecule chemotypes, represented by compounds PAV-617 and PAV-951 with antiviral activity in cell culture against monkeypox virus (MPXV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) respectively, were studied for anti-cancer efficacy. Each exhibited apparent pan-cancer cytotoxicity, reasonable pharmacokinetics, and non-toxicity in mice at active concentrations. Anti-tumor properties of both chemotypes, were validated in mouse xenografts against A549 human lung cancer and, for one of the chemotypes, against HT-29 colorectal cancer. The targets of these compounds are unconventional: each binds to a different transient, energy-dependent multi-protein complex containing the protein TRIM28/KAP1, an allosteric modulator known to regulate mechanisms underlying viral and nonviral disease states including cancer. Treatment with these compounds alters the target multi-protein complexes in a manner consistent with allosteric modulation as their mechanism of action. These compounds appear to remove a block, crucial for cancer survival and progression, on the homeostatic linkage of uncontrolled cellular proliferation to apoptosis. These compounds provide starting points for development of next-generation non-toxic, pan-cancer therapeutics.
The contribution of mutation to variation in temperature-dependent sprint speed in zebrafish,Danio rerio
Authors: Miller Christina L. , Sun Derek , Thornton Lauren H. , McGuigan Katrina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe contribution of new mutations to phenotypic variation, and the consequences of this variation for individual fitness, are fundamental concepts for understanding genetic variation and adaptation. Here, we investigated how mutation influenced variation in a complex trait in zebrafish,Danio rerio. Typical of many ecologically relevant traits in ectotherms, swimming speed in fish is temperature-dependent, with evidence of adaptive evolution of thermal performance. We chemically induced novel germline point mutations in males, and measured sprint speed in their sons at six temperatures (between 16°C and 34°C). Mutational effects on speed were strongly positively correlated among temperatures, resulting in statistical support for only a single axis of mutational variation, reflecting temperature-independent variation in speed (faster-slower mode). While these results suggest pleiotropic effects on speed across different temperatures, when mutation have consistent directional effects on each trait, spurious correlations arise via linkage, or heterogeneity in mutation number. However, mutation did not change mean speed, indicating no directional bias in mutational effects. The results contribute to emerging evidence that mutations may predominantly have synergistic cross-environment effects, in contrast to conditionally neutral or antagonistic effects which underpin thermal adaptation. However, aspects of experimental design might limit resolution of mutations with non-synergistic effects.
Study of the associations between short telomeres, sex hormones and pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Duckworth Anna , Ruth Katherine S. , Prague Julia K. , Russell Anne-Marie , Almond Howard , Conway John , Beaumont Robin N , Wood Andrew R , Martin Susan , Lunnon Katie , Lindsay Mark A. , Murray Anna , Gibbons Michael A. , Tyrrell Jess , Scotton Chris J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an incurable fibrotic lung disease with limited treatment options and a high mortality. Evidence is growing that short telomeres cause both heritable and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Based on survival data, we hypothesised that sex hormones are protective against premature telomere attrition and could influence PF disease onset and/or progression.MethodsAssociations between IPF, sex hormone concentrations and measured leukocyte telomere length (LTL) were examined for unrelated UK Biobank participants of European ancestry with a diagnosis of IPF (415 females, 718 males) against controls (204,321 females, 174,254 males). Polygenic risk scores were used to explore causality between sex hormone indices, LTL and disease.FindingsStrong associations were found between IPF and LTL. For females, higher odds of having IPF was associated with early menopause and premature ovarian failure. Menopause age correlated positively with both age of IPF diagnosis and age of death. For males, IPF prevalence and stages of disease were associated with serum bioavailable testosterone concentrations. For both sexes, evidence of lower concentrations of sex hormones was associated with shorter LTL. Genetic analysis also inferred bi-directional causal links between sex hormone binding globulin concentration, which impacts free testosterone concentration, and LTL in males.InterpretationOur findings suggest that higher sex hormone concentrations protect against IPF onset and progression, possibly by slowing telomere shortening. Hormonal supplementation may delay or prevent disease onset for those with telomere-associated PF risk and improve disease prognosis. This warrants further exploration in a randomised controlled trial.FundingMedical Research Council.
Breast cancer in pregnant young women: clinicohistological profile, risk of death and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Nicolás Ramírez-Torres , Rodolfo Rivas-Ruíz , Alfonso Reyes-López , Kingston Ureña-Wong 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo describe a set of tumor characteristics, prognosis and course of pregnancy in patients diagnosed with pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC).MethodsRetrospective cohort study of PABC young women. The histological profile, survival and pregnancy outcomes were assessed. Nonparametric tests, Fisher’s exact test, Kaplan-Meier method, Cox regression and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analyses.ResultsWe assessed 16 PABC patients. All women self-palpated a breast mass, the women ≤ 35 years of age were diagnosed with unfavorable characteristics: advanced stage (88.8%), positive clinically lymph nodes (100%), high grade (55.5%), ER-negative (77.8%) and high-risk Nottingham prognostic index (66.7%).Seven deaths were observed with a median follow-up for overall survival (OS) of 64.5 months (range: 15-90). The 5-year OS rates were worse for patients with pathological lymph nodes > 4 (25%; p = 0.001) and with ER-negative disease (50%; p = 0.646).In our multivariate analysis, the nodal involvement was the only predictor associated to a worse OS (hazard ratio = 1.4, 90% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14 to 1.8). The following risk factors could influence in the risk of a preterm birth: mother’s older age, gestational age at diagnosis and the chemotherapy during pregnancy, but their adjusted ORs of .61 (90% CI: 0.34 to 1), .80 (90% CI: 0.66 to 0.9) and .01 (90% CI: 0.00 to 0.9), respectively did not support statistically such an effect. Most cases of cases (77.7%) exposed to chemotherapy during pregnancy got a live term birth.ConclusionOur findings described a more aggressive histological profile for youngest pregnant women coupled the delayed diagnosis might explain the high-risk of death. Simultaneous management of breast cancer and pregnancy was feasible.
Physician burnout and symptom of anxiety and depression: Burnout in Consultant Doctors in Ireland Study (BICDIS)
Authors: Crudden Genevieve , Margiotta Fabio , Doherty Anne M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundBurnout is a work related syndrome comprising three major dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced professional efficacy. It is recognised that burnout may be associated with psychopathological sequelae, such as symptoms of anxiety and depression.AimsThis study aimed to examine the relationship between burnout and symptoms of depression and anxiety in senior doctors in Ireland. We examined personality traits as a mediating factor on burnout, in relation to work related stress among the participants.MethodsThis study was a national cross sectional survey of consultants. Data included basic demographic data, work-related data, burnout as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, personality traits, and symptoms of depression and anxiety from the Depressive Anxiety Stress Scale [DASS}.ResultsResults were obtained from 477 consultants, yielding a response rate 21.9%. Nearly half (42%) reported high burnout levels. The Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale revealed high levels of stress symptoms, and lower levels of anxiety symptoms. After controlling for gender and age, depressive symptoms were associated with high levels of emotional exhaustion and a higher clinical workloadConclusionsThe this study reported a high level of work related burnout, associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in senior doctors. This is concerning, and strategies are required that consider the relationship between personality and burnout. Further research to evaluate strategies to ensure physician wellbeing and optimal delivery of patient care are required to address this serious problem.
Comprehensive Autoantibody Profiles in Systemic Sclerosis: Clinical Cluster Analysis
Authors: Höppner Jakob , Tabeling Christoph , Casteleyn Vincent , Kedor Claudia , Windisch Wolfram , Rüdiger Burmester Gerd , Huscher Dörte , Siegert Elise 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystemic sclerosis (SSc) belongs to the group of connective tissue diseases and is associated with the occurrence of disease-specific autoantibodies. Although it is still controversial whether these antibodies contribute to pathogenesis, there are new insights into the development of these specific antibodies and their possible pathophysiological properties. Interestingly, they are associated with specific clinical manifestations, but for some rarer antibodies this association is not fully clarified. The aim of this study is a comprehensive analysis of the serum autoantibody status in patients with SSc followed by correlation analyses of autoantibodies with the clinical course of the disease.MethodsSerum from SSc patients was analyzed using a line blot (EUROLINE, EUROIMMUN AG) for SSc-related autoantibodies. Autoantibodies to centromere, Topo-1, antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) M2 subunit, angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) and endothelin-1 type-A-receptors (ETAR) were also determined by ELISA. We formed immunological clusters and used principal components analysis (PCA) to assign specific clinical characteristics to these clusters.ResultsA total of 372 SSc patients were included. 95.3% of the patients were antinuclear antibody positive and in 333 patients at least one SSc specific antibody could be detected. Four immunological clusters could be found by PCA. Centromere, Topo-1 and RP3 all formed own clusters, which are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes. We found that patients with an inverted phenotype, such as limited cutaneous SSc patients within the Topo-1 cluster show an increased risk for ILD compared to ACA positive patients. Anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR autoantibodies were measured in 176 SSc patients; no association with SSc disease manifestation was found. SSc patients with AMA-M2 antibodies showed an increased risk of cardiovascular events.ConclusionIn our in large cluster analysis, which included an extended autoantibody profile, we were able to show that serologic status of SSc patients provides important clues to disease manifestation, co-morbidities and complications. Line blot was a reliable technique to detect autoantibodies in SSc and detected rarer autoantibodies in 42% of our patients.
An mTOR-independent Macroautophagy Activator Ameliorates Tauopathy and Prionopathy Neurodegeneration Phenotypes
Authors: Yoon Leonard , Botham Rachel C. , Verhelle Adriaan , Wu Yin , Cole Christian M. , Tan Ee Phie , Massey Lynée A. , Sanz-Martinez Pablo , Chou Ching-Chieh , Xu Jin , Elia Lisa P. , Lee Kyunga , Labra Sergio R. , Kline Gabriel M. , Xiao Qiang , Rhoades Derek , Cano-Franco Sara , Cuoco Caroline A. , Ta Amina , Ren Wen , Hou William C. , Wulkop-Gil Cristian , Ibrahim Lara H. , Nutsch Kayla , Ko Yeonjin , Lederberg Oren L. , Peng Hongfan , Jiang Starr , Lipton Stuart A. , Bollong Michael J. , Hansen Malene , Finkbeiner Steven , Finley Daniel , Prado Miguel A. , Petrassi H. Michael , Dikic Ivan , Reggiori Fulvio , Garza Danny , Wiseman R. Luke , Powers Evan T. , Frydman Judith , Haggarty Stephen J. , Johnson Kristen A. , Silva M. Catarina , Stolz Alexandra , Encalada Sandra E. , Kelly Jeffery W. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryAutophagy-lysosomal impairment is an early and prominent feature of neurodegeneration. Autophagy activation reduces protein aggregates and lipid level abnormalities. We performed a high-content imaging-based screen assessing 940,000 small molecules to identify those that reduce lipid droplet numbers. Of 77 validated, structurally diverse hits, 24 increased autophagy flux reporter activity, consistent with accelerated lipid droplet clearance by lipophagy. Of these, we show that CCT020312 activates autophagy independently of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition, to avoid immunosuppression. CCT020312 reduced insoluble phosphorylated tau levels and tau-mediated neuronal stress vulnerability, as well as reducing intracellular Aβ levels within directly induced neurons bearing epigenetic marks of aging derived from Alzheimer’s patient fibroblasts. Moreover, CCT020312 cleared mutant prion protein aggregates and normalized trafficking deficiencies in axons of a cellular model of familial prion disease. Autophagy is widely considered a promising strategy to attenuate neurodegeneration, and here we introduce a strategy to discover new pharmacology.
Anglers as Potential Vectors of Aquatic Invasive Species: Linking Inland Water Bodies in the Great Lakes Region of the US
Authors: Morreale Stephen J. , Lauber T. Bruce , Stedman Richard C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnimpeded transfer and spread of invasive species throughout freshwater systems is of global concern, altering species compositions, disrupting ecosystem processes, and diverting economic resources. The magnitude and complexity of the problem is amplified by the global connectedness of human movements and the multiple modes of inter-basin transport of aquatic invasive species. Our objective was to trace the fishing behavior of anglers delineating potential pathways of transfer of invasive species throughout the vast inland waters of the Great Lakes of North America, which contain more than 21% of the world’s surface freshwater and are among the most highly invaded aquatic ecosystems in the world. Combining a comprehensive survey and a spatial analysis of the movements of thousands of anglers in 12 states within the US portion of the Great Lakes Basin and the Upper Mississippi and Ohio River Basins, we estimated that 6.5 million licensed anglers in the study area embarked on an average of 30 fishing trips over the course of the year, and 70% of the individuals fished in more than one county. Geospatial linkages showed direct connections made by individuals traveling between 99% of the 894 counties where fishing occurred, and between 61 of the 66 sub-watersheds in a year. Estimated numbers of fishing trips to individual counties ranged from 1199–1.95 million; generally highest in counties bordering the Great Lakes. Of these, 79 had more than 10,000 estimated fishing trips originating from anglers living in other counties. Although angler movements are one mechanism of invasive species transfer, there likely is a high cumulative probability of invasive species transport by several million people fishing each year throughout this extensive freshwater network. A comprehensive georeferenced survey, coupled with a spatial analysis of fishing destinations, provides a potentially powerful tool to track, predict, curtail and control the transfer and proliferation of invasive species in freshwater.