bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentials and challenges of chromosomal microarray analysis in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Liu Xijing , Liu Shanling , Wang He , Hu Ting 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: For decades, conventional karyotyping analysis has been the gold standard for detecting chromosomal abnormalities during prenatal diagnosis. With the development of molecular cytogenetic methods, this situation has dramatically changed. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), a method of genome-wide detection with high resolution, has been recommended as a first-tier test for prenatal diagnosis, especially for fetuses with structural abnormalities.Methods: Based on the primary literature, this review provides an updated summary of the application of CMA for prenatal diagnosis. In addition, this review addresses the challenges that CMA faces with the emergence of genome sequencing techniques, such as copy number variation sequencing, genome-wide cell-free DNA testing, and whole exome sequencing.Conclusion: The CMA platform is still suggested as priority testing methodology in the prenatal setting currently. However, pregnant women may benefit from genome sequencing, which enables the simultaneous detection of copy number variations, regions of homozygosity and single-nucleotide variations, in near future.
The clinical significance, immune infiltration, and tumor mutational burden of angiogenesis-associated lncRNAs in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Zhiming , Wang Jinpeng , Geng Bo , Hou Wenbin , Zhao Enyang , Li Xuedong 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPoor prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is often related to angiogenesis. The lncRNAs that regulate angiogenesis could also affect the prognosis of KIRC. It is meaningful for us to use lncRNAs related to angiogenesis to construct a generic, individualized prognostic signature for patients with KIRC.MethodsWe identified eight angiogenesis-associated genes (AAGs) by differential expression analysis and univariate Cox regression from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, including 537 KIRC samples and 72 normal samples. In total, 23 prognostic lncRNAs were screened out after Pearson correlation analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis. Then, we performed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression to establish a four-AAG-related lncRNA prognostic signature.ResultsThe risk score was calculated for each KIRC patients by using a four-AAG-related lncRNA prognostic signature. We divided the KIRC patients into high- and low-risk groups by the median of the risk score. It was confirmed that the AAG-related lncRNA prognostic signature has good prognostic value for KIRC patients by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. We identified 3,399 differentially expressed genes between the high- and low-risk groups and performed their functional enrichment analyses. The AAG-related lncRNA prognostic signature was an independent prognostic predictor for KIRC patients and was used to perform a combined nomogram. We reevaluated them in terms of survival, clinic characteristics, tumor-infiltrating immune cells and tumor mutation burden.ConclusionOur research indicates that the AAG-related lncRNA prognostic signature is a promising and potential independent prognostic indicator for KIRC patients. Then, it could offer new insights into the prognosis assessment and potential treatment strategies of KIRC patients.
Dynamic prediction of the ricker-type model of Portunus trituberculatus on the basis of marine environmental factors
Authors: Gao Li , Bai Xuan , Wang Yingbin 
Published: July 2022

Based on the data of Portunus trituberculatus and environmental factors in the northern East China Sea from 2001 to 2014, a Ricker-type model was used in investigating the effects of environmental factors on P. trituberculatus recruitment. The main environmental factors include the area of red tide, sea level height, sea surface salinity, and typhoon landing times with wind forces above 6 near the center. We assumed that the distributions of environmental data vary and selected AIC, BIC, and maximum likelihood as criteria for the selection of the best distribution of each environmental factor. Environmental factor data were simulated according to the distributions (repeated 10,000 times). The Ricker model with ln-linear environmental impact was used in predicting the recruitment of P. trituberculatus under different combinations of various environmental factors for a given spawning stock biomass. Results show that the predicted recruitment abundance most likely appears between 10 × 103 and 15 × 103 million individuals, and the probability is approximately 39.56%. The environmental condition in which the four environmental factors have the best and worst combinations was also simulated. Our results indicate that red tide and typhoon are the two dominant factors affecting the recruitment of P. trituberculatus. The results show that at the 5% significance level, if the recruitment is less than 6.394 × 103 million individuals, then it is probably under a bad environment condition. Similarly, if recruitment is more than 28.305 × 103 million individuals, then it is probably under a good environmental condition. This study provides a technical reference for the scientific prediction and management of P. trituberculatus and other fishery resources subjected to various environmental conditions.
Striped marlin in their Pacific Ocean milieu: Vertical movements and habitats vary with time and place
Authors: Lam Chi Hin , Tam Clayward , Lutcavage Molly E. 
Published: July 2022

Striped marlin, Kajikia audax, a top bycatch of the longline fishery, has been designated as being in overfished condition in the Western and Central North Pacific, and overfishing is still occurring. This prompts an urgent need to devise conservation and management measures based on the best, current information on the biology and ecology of this species. Despite decades of conventional tagging around the Hawaiian waters, ecological research on striped marlin in the Central North Pacific has been lacking since 2005, and little is known about striped marlin’s vertical habitat, diving behavior and bycatch vulnerability in this area. To address this knowledge void, 31 popup satellite archival tags (4 X-Tags; Microwave Telemetry, Inc. and 27 MiniPATs; Wildlife Computers Inc.) were deployed on striped marlin (138-192 cm eye fork length) between 2016 and 2019 via the Hawaii-based longline fleet. Transmitted time series records revealed striped marlin spent 38 and 81% of their day and night in the top 5 m, with median daytime and night depths of 44 m and 2 m, respectively. Temperatures experienced were 23.3°C, daytime median, and 24.6°C, nighttime median, to a minimum of 7.6°C at the deepest depth logged, 472 m. Striped marlin exhibited distinct swimming behaviors, including diel depth distributions, excursions around the top of the thermocline, and extended time at the surface, most likely reflecting the dynamic biophysical environment and intrinsic life history of this highly migratory predator. High post-release survivorship (86%) in tagged striped marlin, and their predominant use of the sea surface and mixed layer indicate that live release measures can be a viable bycatch reduction strategy.
Human-Induced Hydrological Connectivity: Impacts of Footpaths on Beach Wrack Transport in a Frequently Visited Baltic Coastal Wetland
Authors: Karstens Svenja , Kiesel Joshua , Petersen Lennart , Etter Kilian , Schneider von Deimling Jens , Vafeidis Athanasios T. , Gross Felix 
Published: July 2022

Coastal wetlands depend on vertical accretion to keep up with sea level rise in cases where embankment restricts accommodation space and landward migration. For coastal wetland survival, autogenic productivity (litter, root decay) as well as allogenic matter input are crucial. Beach wrack composed of seagrass and algae can serve as an important allogenic matter source, increase surface roughness, elevate the backshore, and influence the blue carbon budget. The objective of this study is to understand how human footpaths in a frequently accessed Baltic coastal wetland influence beach wrack transport and accumulation. Beach wrack monitoring during the winter storm season 2021/2022 was conducted in high spatial and temporal resolution with bi-weekly UAV flights. Object-based identification, segmentation, and classification of orthophotos with open-source software allowed the detection of beach wrack patches with a mean area of 0.6–2.7 m². Three major storm events occurred during the monitoring period (Arwen, Malik, Eunice). Regardless of wind speed or direction, the main accumulation zones remained stable. The east-west footpath that crosses the coastal wetland and connects the tourist hotspots served as a “highway” for water-mediated transport of beach wrack. Total area covered by beach wrack fluctuated between 1,793 and 2,378 m² with a peak after storm Malik in January 2022. The densely accumulated beach wrack along the main east-west footpath formed an elongated micro-cliff-like structure and limited landward transport. Additional aerial image analysis for the last 15 years showed that the position of the footpaths remained stable. This pioneering study offers first insights into the fate of beach wrack in an anthropogenically influenced Baltic coastal wetland where larger tidal channels that usually generate hydrological connectivity are missing. The identified transport patterns and accumulation hotspots are a starting point for further research on how beach wrack behaves in (waterlogged) coastal wetlands compared to decomposition on sandy beaches.
Deep Learning-Based Automatic Assessment of Lung Impairment in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Predicting Markers of Hypoxia With Computer Vision
Authors: Statsenko Yauhen , Habuza Tetiana , Talako Tatsiana , Pazniak Mikalai , Likhorad Elena , Pazniak Aleh , Beliakouski Pavel , Gelovani Juri G. , Gorkom Klaus Neidl-Van , Almansoori Taleb M. , Al Zahmi Fatmah , Qandil Dana Sharif , Zaki Nazar , Elyassami Sanaa , Ponomareva Anna , Loney Tom , Naidoo Nerissa , Mannaerts Guido Hein Huib , Al Koteesh Jamal , Ljubisavljevic Milos R. , Das Karuna M. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundHypoxia is a potentially life-threatening condition that can be seen in pneumonia patients.ObjectiveWe aimed to develop and test an automatic assessment of lung impairment in COVID-19 associated pneumonia with machine learning regression models that predict markers of respiratory and cardiovascular functioning from radiograms and lung CT.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled a total of 605 COVID-19 cases admitted to Al Ain Hospital from 24 February to 1 July 2020 into the study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: age ≥ 18 years; inpatient admission; PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2; lung CT available at PACS. We designed a CNN-based regression model to predict systemic oxygenation markers from lung CT and 2D diagnostic images of the chest. The 2D images generated by averaging CT scans were analogous to the frontal and lateral view radiograms. The functional (heart and breath rate, blood pressure) and biochemical findings (SpO2, HCO3-, K+, Na+, anion gap, C-reactive protein) served as ground truth.ResultsRadiologic findings in the lungs of COVID-19 patients provide reliable assessments of functional status with clinical utility. If fed to ML models, the sagittal view radiograms reflect dyspnea more accurately than the coronal view radiograms due to the smaller size and the lower model complexity. Mean absolute error of the models trained on single-projection radiograms was approximately 11÷12% and it dropped by 0.5÷1% if both projections were used (11.97 ± 9.23 vs. 11.43 ± 7.51%; p = 0.70). Thus, the ML regression models based on 2D images acquired in multiple planes had slightly better performance. The data blending approach was as efficient as the voting regression technique: 10.90 ± 6.72 vs. 11.96 ± 8.30%, p = 0.94. The models trained on 3D images were more accurate than those on 2D: 8.27 ± 4.13 and 11.75 ± 8.26%, p = 0.14 before lung extraction; 10.66 ± 5.83 and 7.94 ± 4.13%, p = 0.18 after the extraction. The lung extraction boosts 3D model performance unsubstantially (from 8.27 ± 4.13 to 7.94 ± 4.13%; p = 0.82). However, none of the differences between 3D and 2D were statistically significant.ConclusionThe constructed ML algorithms can serve as models of structure-function association and pathophysiologic changes in COVID-19. The algorithms can improve risk evaluation and disease management especially after oxygen therapy that changes functional findings. Thus, the structural assessment of acute lung injury speaks of disease severity.
Effectiveness and response differences of a multidisciplinary workplace health promotion program for healthcare workers
Authors: Cheng Kai-Hung , Wu Ning-Kuang , Chen Chao-Tung , Hsu Chih-Yu , Lin Yen-An , Luo John Jiin-Chyuan , Lee Li-Ang , Chuang Hai-Hua 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundWorkplace health promotion (WHP) in the healthcare industry is an important yet challenging issue to address, given the high workload, heterogeneity of work activities, and long work hours of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and response differences of a multidisciplinary WHP program conducted in HCWs.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included HCWs participating in a multidisciplinary WHP program in five healthcare facilities. The 20-week intervention included multiple easy-to-access 90-min exercise classes, one 15-min nutrition consultation, and behavioral education. Pre- and post-interventional anthropometrics, body composition, and physical fitness (PF) were compared with paired samplet-tests. Response differences across sex, age, weight status, and shiftwork status were analyzed with a generalized estimating equation.ResultsA total of 302 HCWs were analyzed. The intervention effectively improved all anthropometric (body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio), body composition (body fat percentage, muscle weight, visceral fat area), and PF (grip strength, high jump, sit-up, sit-and-reach, step test) parameters in all participants (allp&lt; 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed shift workers had a more significant mean reduction in body mass index than non-shift workers (adjustedp= 0.045). However, there was no significant response difference across sex, age, and weight subgroups.ConclusionThis study suggested that a multidisciplinary WHP program can improve anthropometric and PF profiles regardless of sex, age, and weight status for HCWs, and shifter workers might benefit more from the intervention.
Optic nerve head astrocytes contribute to vascular associated effects
Authors: Dong Yanmin , Fu Yue , Qian Xiaobing , Lin Leilei , Yuan Yongguang , Li Yujie , Shao Wanwen , Gao Qianying 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study was conducted in order to test the expression of vasoactive substances within rat lamina cribrosa (LC) and optic nerve head (ONH) astrocytes, so as to investigate the role and potential mechanism of ONH astrocytes in vascular associated effects.MethodsLC tissue sections and primary cultured ONH astrocytes were obtained from adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Immunofluorescent staining was then used to detect the expression of vasoactive substances. Hyperoxia exposure was carried out both in vivo and in vitro, after which nitric oxide (NO) levels in LC tissue and cell supernatant were detected. The variations of protein and gene expression associated with vasoactive substances were subsequently tested. ONH astrocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were then incubated in a direct co-culture manner. Morphological parameters of VSMCs were finally analyzed in order to evaluate cell contraction.ResultsEndothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) were detected in both LC tissue and ONH astrocytes. Retinal vessel diameter was found obviously decreased following hyperoxia exposure. Moreover, hyperoxia inhibited NO production both in vivo and in vitro. ET-1 and RAS elements were observed to be upregulated, whereas NOS was downregulated. In ONH astrocytes and VSMCs co-culture system, the length-to-width ratio of VSMCs was shown to significantly increase on days 3 and 7 in hyperoxia compared with normoxia.ConclusionsThere is an abundance of expression of vasoactive substances within LC tissue and ONH astrocytes. The contractile response of VSMCs in the co-culture system provided direct evidence for the involvement of ONH astrocytes in vascular associated effects, which may signify a potentially novel direction for future research.
Effect of Wearable Sensor-Based Exercise on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Individuals With Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Xin , Chen Zhengquan , Yue Yiming , Zhou Xuan , Gu Shuangyu , Tao Jing , Guo Haibin , Zhu Meiwen , Du Qing 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe application of wearable sensor technology in an exercise intervention provides a new method for the standardization and accuracy of intervention. Considering that the deterioration of musculoskeletal conditions is of serious concern in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, it is worthwhile to clarify the effect of wearable sensor-based exercise on musculoskeletal disorders in such patients compared with traditional exercise.MethodsFive health science-related databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Ebsco Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, were systematically searched. The protocol number of the study is PROSPERO CRD42022319763. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were published up to March 2022 and written in English were included. Balance was the primary outcome measure, comprising questionnaires on postural stability and computerized dynamic posturography. The secondary outcome measures are motor symptoms, mobility ability, functional gait abilities, fall-associated self-efficacy, and adverse events. Stata version 16.0 was used for statistical analysis, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) was selected as the effect size with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsFifteen RCTs involving 488 participants with mean ages ranging from 58.6 to 81.6 years were included in this review, with 14 of them being pooled in a quantitative meta-analysis. Only five included studies showed a low risk of bias. The Berg balance scale (BBS) was used in nine studies, and the pooled data showed a significant improvement in the wearable sensor-based exercise group compared with the traditional exercise group after 3–12-week intervention (WMD = 1.43; 95% CI, 0.50 to 2.36, P = 0.003). A significant change in visual score was found both post-assessment and at 1-month follow-up assessment (WMD = 4.38; 95% CI, 1.69 to 7.07, P = 0.001; I2 = 0.0%). However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in the secondary outcome measures (all p &gt; 0.05). No major adverse events were reported.ConclusionThe wearable sensor-based exercise had advantages in improving balance in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, while there was a lack of evidence in motor symptoms, mobility, and functional gait ability enhancement. Future studies are recommended to construct a comprehensive rehabilitation treatment system for the improvement in both postural control and quality of life.Systematic Review Registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022319763.
Enriched environment ameliorates propagation of tau pathology and improves cognition in rat model of tauopathy
Authors: Mate Veronika , Smolek Tomas , Kazmerova Zuzana Vince , Jadhav Santosh , Brezovakova Veronika , Jurkanin Bernadeta , Uhrinova Ivana , Basheer Neha , Zilka Norbert , Katina Stanislav , Novak Petr 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe typical symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are cognitive impairment, disrupted spatial orientation, behavioral and psychiatric abnormalities, and later motor deficits. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by deposits of pathological forms of endogenous proteins – amyloid-β, and neurofibrillary tau protein pathology. The latter closely correlates with brain atrophy and clinical impairment. Pharmacological therapies for these pathologies are largely absent, raising the question whether non-pharmacological interventions could be efficacious. Environmental factors can play a role in the manifestation of AD. It is unknown whether enriched environment (EE) can ameliorate the propagation of protein aggregates or their toxic components.MethodsWe injected insoluble tau extracts from human brains with AD (600 or 900 ng per animal) into hippocampi of SHR72 transgenic rats that express non-mutated truncated human tau 151-391/4R, but usually do not develop hippocampal tangles. The rats had either standard housing, or could access an EE 5×/week for 3 months. Behavioral analysis included the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Histological analysis was used to assess the propagation of tau pathology.ResultsAnimals exposed to EE performed better in the MWM (spatial acquisition duration and total distance, probe test); unexposed animals improved over the course of acquisition trials, but their mean performance remained below that of the EE group. Enriched environment abrogated tau propagation and hippocampal tangle formation in the 600 ng group; in the 900 ng group, tangle formation was ∼10-fold of the 600 ng group, and unaffected by EE.ConclusionEven a small difference in the amount of injected human AD tau can cause a pronounced difference in the number of resulting tangles. EE leads to a noticeably better spatial navigation performance of tau-injected animals. Furthermore, EE seems to be able to slow down tau pathology progression, indicating the possible utility of similar interventions in early stages of AD where tangle loads are still low.