bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual changes in stress, depression, anxiety, pathological worry, posttraumatic stress, and health anxiety from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults from Southeastern Germany
Authors: Wechsler Theresa F. , Schmidmeier Melissa , Biehl Stefanie , Gerczuk Jennifer , Guerrero-Cerda Fiorella-Maria , Mühlberger Andreas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Many studies have previously compared the prevalence or sample means of distress and mental health problems from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic, while results on changes at the individual-level, and regarding multiple outcome measures are demanded.

Methods
This online study investigated individual changes in stress and mental health from before the COVID-19 pandemic to the first lockdown in adults from Southeastern Germany. This region was selected as it was where SARS-CoV-2 was first documented in Germany, and also due to the implementation of strict stay-at-home orders and social contact prohibitions. From April 10–27, 2020, we collected state measures and their clinical relevance for the subareas of perceived stress: worries, tension, joy, and demands. We also collected information regarding the following mental health problems: depression, anxiety, pathological worry, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and health anxiety; as well as retrospective measures of how participants felt they have changed in comparison to before the pandemic, ranging from worse to better.

Results
The analytical sample comprised 396 adult participants. On average, participants experienced increases in worries, tension, and lack of joy, and increases in mental health problems, but a decrease in demands. Perceived increases in symptoms of depression (26.0%) and PTSD (25.5%) were significantly more frequent than in symptoms of anxiety (particularly acute fear and panic) (5.6%), pathological worry (9.8%), and health anxiety (7.3%) (ps<.001). One per 10 participants (10.4%) reported an increase in depressive symptoms, and nearly two per 10 (18.4%) an increase in PTSD symptoms and additionally showed a clinically relevant symptom strain during lockdown. Interestingly, mainly non-specific PTSD symptoms associated with a general stress reaction were experienced to be increased.

Conclusion
The findings suggest a dissociation of perceived changes in subareas of stress and mental health with a particular experience of increases in depressive and general stress symptoms and a decrease in external demands. This points to a need for a more differentiated view on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress and mental health, and for targeted interventions for mental health problems arising frequently during the pandemic.
Development and validation of a maternal anxiety for neonatal jaundice scale in China
Authors: Yan Qin , Li Dandan , Yin Xiaoxv , Jiang Nan , Sun Na , Luo Qing , Pang Xin , Fan Lichun , Gong Yanhong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Maternal anxiety induced by neonatal jaundice has adverse effects on maternal and infant health, but there was no specific tool to identify the anxiety level of mothers. This study aims to develop a Maternal Anxiety for Neonatal Jaundice Scale (MANJS) and to validate it in the target population.

Methods
An initial 11-items MANJS was developed through literature review, expert panel consultation, and a pilot-test. Subsequently, mothers of neonates with jaundice were recruited from the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hainan Province, China, from June to December 2018, for a formal questionnaire survey. Based on the data collected, the scale was validated for construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, content validity, and internal consistency reliability after the items screening.

Results
The reliability and validity of MANJS were validated in 1127 mothers of jaundiced neonates. After the item with cross-loadings was removed using exploratory factor analysis, MANJS consisted of two dimensions and 10 items, with a cumulative variance contribution of 74.36% and factor loadings above 0.6 for all items. The confirmatory factor analysis identified three items with cross-factor loading or error correlation and then they were removed orderly. The further confirmatory factor analysis showed a good construct validity for the 7-item MANJS, with standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.029, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.068, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.961, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.937, incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.961, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.954, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.998, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = 0.996, respectively. The average variance extracted values (AVE) of the two factors were 0.80 and 0.72, and the combined reliability (CR) were 0.94 and 0.88, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.90 for the MANJS, and split-half reliability was 0.72.

Conclusions
MANJS was demonstrated to have satisfactory reliability and validity in evaluating maternal anxiety caused by neonatal jaundice among Chinese postpartum women.
Measuring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Diné and White Mountain Apache school personnel, families, and students: protocol for a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Allison-Burbank Joshuaa D. , Ingalls Allison , Rebman Paul , Chambers Rachel , Begay Renae , Grass Ryan , Tsosie Alicia , Archuleta Shannon , Barlow Allison , Larzelere Francene , Hammitt Laura , Tingey Lauren , Haroz Emily 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
This paper describes the protocol for a longitudinal cohort study, “Project SafeSchools” (PSS), which focuses on measuring the effects of COVID-19 and the return to in-person learning on Diné (Navajo) and White Mountain Apache (Apache) youth, parents, and educators. The early surges of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the closure of most reservation and border town schools serving Diné and Apache communities. This study aims to: (1) understand the barriers and facilitators to school re-opening and in-person school attendance from the perspective of multiple stakeholders in Diné and Apache communities; and (2) evaluate the educational, social, emotional, physical, and mental health impacts of returning to in-person learning for caregivers and youth ages 4–16 who reside or work on the Diné Nation and the White Mountain Apache Tribal lands.

Methods
We aim to recruit up to N = 200 primary caregivers of Diné and Apache youth ages 4–16 and up to N = 120 school personnel. In addition, up to n = 120 of these primary caregivers and their children, ages 11–16, will be selected to participate in qualitative interviews to learn more about the effects of the pandemic on their health and wellbeing. Data from caregiver and school personnel participants will be collected in three waves via self-report surveys that measure COVID-19 related behaviors and attitudes, mental health, educational attitudes, and cultural practices and beliefs for both themselves and their child (caregiver participants only). We hypothesize that an individual’s engagement with a variety of cultural activities during school closures and as school re-opened will have a protective effect on adult and youth mental health as they return to in-person learning.

Discussion
The results of this study will inform the development or implementation of preventative interventions that may help Diné and Apache youth and their families recover from the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and positively impact their health and wellness.
Homicide rates are spatially associated with built environment and socio-economic factors: a study in the neighbourhoods of Toronto, Canada
Authors: Mohammadi Alireza , Bergquist Robert , Fathi Ghasem , Pishgar Elahe , de Melo Silas Nogueira , Sharifi Ayyoob , Kiani Behzad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesHomicide rate is associated with a large variety of factors and therefore unevenly distributed over time and space. This study aims to explore homicide patterns and their spatial associations with different socioeconomic and built-environment conditions in 140 neighbourhoods of the city of Toronto, Canada.MethodsA homicide dataset covering the years 2012 to 2021 and neighbourhood-based indicators were analysed using spatial techniques such as Kernel Density Estimation, Global/Local Moran’sIand Kulldorff’s SatScan spatio-temporal methodology. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) and multi-scale GWR (MGWR) were used to analyse the spatially varying correlations between the homicide rate and independent variables. The latter was particularly suitable for manifested spatial variations between explanatory variables and the homicide rate and it also identified spatial non-stationarities in this connection.ResultsThe adjusted R2of the MGWR was 0.53, representing a 4.35 and 3.74% increase from that in the linear regression and GWR models, respectively. Spatial and spatio-temporal high-risk areas were found to be significantly clustered in downtown and the north-western parts of the city. Some variables (e.g., the population density, material deprivation, the density of commercial establishments and the density of large buildings) were significantly associated with the homicide rate in different spatial ways.ConclusionThe findings of this study showed that homicide rates were clustered over time and space in certain areas of the city. Socioeconomic and the built environment characteristics of some neighbourhoods were found to be associated with high homicide rates but these factors were different for each neighbourhood.
The secular trend of enterovirus A71 after the implementation of preventive measures in Taiwan
Authors: Hu Ya-Li , Chen Chiu-Mei , Wang En-Tzu , Kuo Hung-Wei , Shih Wei-Liang , Fang Chi-Tai , Liu Ding-Ping , Chang Luan-Yin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Enterovirus A71 (EV A71) is one of the most important enteroviruses related to morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. This study aimed to analyse the secular trend of EV A71 in Taiwan from 1998 to 2020 and to evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures.

Methods
We collected the epidemiological data of EV A71 from disease surveillance systems in Taiwan. We analysed the association between the secular trend of EV A71 and preventive measures such as hand washing, case isolation, and suspension of classes.

Results
The incidence of enterovirus infections with severe complications (EVSC) decreased from 16.25 per 100,000 children under six in 1998 to less than 9.73 per 100,000 children under six after 2012 (P = 0.0022). The mortality rate also decreased significantly, from 3.52 per 100,000 children under six in 1998 to 0 per 100,000 children under six in 2020 (P < 0.0001). The numbers of EVSC and fatalities were significantly higher in the years when EV A71 accounted for more than 10% of the annual predominant serotypes (p < 0.05). After the implementation of many non-pharmaceutical interventions in 2012, the incidence of EVSC and mortality rate decreased significantly (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
After implementing active enterovirus surveillance and preventive measures, we found that the incidence of EVSC and fatalities due to EV A71 in Taiwan decreased significantly from 1998 to 2020. Continuous surveillance and strengthened infection control policies are still needed in the future.
Magnitude and reasons of surgery cancellation among elective surgical cases in Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Feleke Mulualem Gete , Chichiabellu Tesfaye Yitna , Ayalew Tadele Lankrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancellations of cases are common; most of those cancellations are due to avoidable causes. It is a major cause of psychological trauma for patients and their families. Although little is known in Ethiopia, the aim of this study is aimed to assess the prevalence and the cause of elective surgery cancellation.

Methods
A cross-sectional prospective study design was conducted on 326 patients scheduled for elective surgery from October 1 to December 1st. All consecutive elective surgical cases scheduled during the study period were included in the study. Data were collected using a prepared and pretested questionnaire and entered into SPSS version 23 for analysis. The result of the study was reported in the form of text, tables, and graphs.

Result
During the study, 326 patients were scheduled for elective surgery, among those, 83(25.6%) of surgery was canceled. Patient-related (31.32%) and administrative-related (26.5%) factors were the two most causes of cancellation.

Conclusion
Patient-related and administrative-related factors were the leading causes of cancellation of elective surgical operations in our hospital. Concerned bodies should bring a sustainable change and improvement to prevent unnecessary cancellations and enhance cost-effectiveness through communications, careful planning and efficient utilization of the available hospital resources.
Mammography screening is associated with more favourable breast cancer tumour characteristics and better overall survival: case-only analysis of 3739 Asian breast cancer patients
Authors: Lim Zi Lin , Ho Peh Joo , Khng Alexis Jiaying , Yeoh Yen Shing , Ong Amanda Tse Woon , Tan Benita Kiat Tee , Tan Ern Yu , Tan Su-Ming , Lim Geok Hoon , Lee Jung Ah , Tan Veronique Kiak-Mien , Hu Jesse , Li Jingmei , Hartman Mikael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of breast cancer (BC) through mammography screening (MAM) is known to reduce mortality. We examined the differential effect that mammography has on BC characteristics and overall survival and the sociodemographic determinants of MAM utilization in a multi-ethnic Asian population.MethodsThis study included 3739 BC patients from the Singapore Breast Cancer Cohort (2010–2018). Self-reported sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. Clinical data were obtained through medical records. Patients were classified as screeners (last screening mammogram ≤ 2 years before diagnosis), non-screeners (aware but did not attend or last screen > 2years), and those unaware of MAM. Associations between MAM behaviour (MB) and sociodemographic factors and MB and tumour characteristics were examined using multinomial regression. Ten-year overall survival was modelled using Cox regression.ResultsPatients unaware of screening were more likely diagnosed with late stage (ORstage III vs stage I (Ref)[95% CI]: 4.94 [3.45–7.07],p< 0.001), high grade (ORpoorly vs well-differentiated (reference): 1.53 [1.06–2.20],p= 0.022), nodal-positive, large size (OR>5cm vs ≤2cm (reference): 5.06 [3.10–8.25],p< 0.001), and HER2-positive tumours (ORHER2-negative vs HER2-positive (reference): 0.72 [0.53–0.97],p= 0.028). Similar trends were observed between screeners and non-screeners with smaller effect sizes. Overall survival was significantly shorter than screeners in the both groups (HRnon-screeners: 1.89 [1.22–2.94],p= 0.005; HRunaware: 2.90 [1.69–4.98],p< 0.001).Non-screeners and those unaware were less health conscious, older, of Malay ethnicity, less highly educated, of lower socioeconomic status, more frequently ever smokers, and less physically active. Among screeners, there were more reported personal histories of benign breast surgeries or gynaecological conditions and positive family history of breast cancer.ConclusionsMammography attendance is associated with more favourable BC characteristics and overall survival. Disparities in the utility of MAM services suggest that different strategies may be needed to improve MAM uptake.
Molecular determination of O25b/ST131 clone type among extended spectrum β-lactamases production Escherichia coli recovering from urinary tract infection isolates
Authors: Khoshbayan Amin , Golmoradi Zadeh Rezvan , Taati Moghadam Majid , Mirkalantari Shiva , Darbandi Atieh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Escherichia coli (E. coli) O25b/ST131 clone causes urinary tract infection (UTI) and is associated with a broad spectrum of other infections, such as intra-abdominal and soft tissue infections, that can be affecting bloodstream infections. Therefore, since O25b/ST131 has been reported in several studies from Iran, in the current study, we have investigated the molecular characteristics, typing, and biofilm formation of O25b/ST131 clone type E. coli collected from UTI specimens.

Methods
A total of 173 E. coli isolates from UTI were collected. The susceptibility to all fourth generations of cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime) and ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam and aztreonam was determined. Class A ESBLs, class D ESBL and the presence of pabB gene screenings to detect of O25b/ST131 clone type were performed by using of PCR. Biofilm formation was compared between O25b/ST131 isolates and non-O25b/ST131 isolates. Finally, ERIC-PCR was used for typing of ESBL positive isolates.

Results
Ninety-four ESBL positive were detected of which 79 of them were O25b/ST131. Antimicrobial susceptibility test data showed that most antibiotics had a higher rate of resistance in isolates of the O25b/ST131 clonal type. Biofilm formation showed that there was a weak association between O25b/ST131 clone type isolates and the level of the biofilm formation. ERIC-PCR results showed that E. coli isolates were genetically diverse and classified into 14 groups.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrated the importance and high prevalence of E. coli O25b/ST131 among UTI isolates with the ability to spread fast and disseminate antibiotic resistance genes.
Quality of life improving after propranolol treatment in patients with Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Pensabene Marco , Di Pace Maria Rita , Baldanza Fabio , Grasso Francesco , Patti Maria , Sergio Maria , La Placa Simona , Giuffre’ Mario , Serra Gregorio , Casuccio Alessandra , Cimador Marcello 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas may affect the quality of life (QoL) of patients and their family members, as anxiety and worry may commonly occur in parents, also linked to the social adversion they experience. We underline the beneficial impact of oral propranolol therapy on QoL of patients with infantile hemangiomas (IH) and of their relatives. A specific questionnaire measuring QoL was administered to parents of IH patients at beginning and end of a treatment with oral propranolol. Different aspects were investigated: site of the lesion, age of patients at starting therapy, length of treatment, occurrence of adverse effects and persistence/recurrence of the vascular anomaly. In all cases the questionnaire revealed a significant improvement of QoL, which was independent from all analyzed factors. It showed that oral propranolol administration in these patients combines optimal clinical results with relevant improvement of QoL, especially in cases of early management. The improvement of QoL seems unrelated to site of lesion, timing and duration of therapy, occurrence of drug-related adverse effects and persistence/recurrence of disease.
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells for prevention of acute myocardial infarction induced heart failure: study protocol of a phase III randomized clinical trial (Prevent-TAHA8)
Authors: Attar Armin , Monabati Ahmad , Montaseri Mohammad , Vosough Massoud , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Kojouri Javad , Abdi-Ardekani Alireza , Izadpanah Peyman , Azarpira Negar , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Ramzi Mani 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Results from recent clinical trials on bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) transplantation show that this intervention can help reduce the incidence of heart failure (HF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, no study has evaluated the effect of the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on a clinical endpoint such as HF.

Methods
This single-blinded, randomized, multicenter trial aims to establish whether the intracoronary infusion of umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s jelly MSCs (WJ-MSCs) helps prevent HF development after AMI. The study will enroll 390 patients 3 to 7 days following AMI. Only patients aged below 65 years with impaired LV function (LVEF < 40%) will be included. They will be randomized (2:1 ratio) to either receive standard care or a single intracoronary infusion of 107 WJ-MSCs. The primary outcome of this study is the assessment of HF development during long-term follow-up (3 years).

Discussion
Data will be collected until Nov 2024. Thereafter, the analysis will be conducted. Results are expected to be ready by Dec 2024. We will prepare and submit the related manuscript following the CONSORT guidelines. This study will help determine whether or not the infusion of intracoronary WJ-MSCs in patients with AMI will reduce the incidence of AMI-induced HF.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05043610, Registered on 14 September 2021 - retrospectively registered.
Probiotic Yoghurt Made from Milk of Ewes Fed a Diet Supplemented with Spirulina platensis or Fish Oil
Authors: Shazly Ahmed B. , Khattab Mostafa S. A. , Fouad Mohamed T. , Abd El Tawab Ahmed M. , Saudi Eltaher M. , El-Aziz Mahmoud Abd 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Yoghurt is a widely consumed dairy product around the world. It has healing properties and characteristics that are important for human health. Our goal was to see how using ewes' milk fed Spirulina platensis (SP) or fish oil (FO)-supplemented diets affected the chemical, physical, and nutritional properties of yoghurt, as well as the activity and survival of starter and probiotic bacteria during storage.

Methods
The collected milk from each ewe group was preheated to 65 °C and homogenized in a laboratory homogenizer, then heated to 90 °C for 5 min, cooled to 42 °C, and divided into two equal portions. The first portion was inoculated with 2.0% mixed starter culture (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, 1:1), whereas the second was inoculated with 2% mixed starter culture and 1% Bifidobacterium longum as a probiotic bacteria.

Results
SP yoghurt had the highest levels of short chain-FA, medium chain-FA, mostly C10:0, and long chain-FA, namely C16:0, C18:2 and the lowest levels of C18:0 and C18:1, followed by FO yoghurt. The addition of SP or FO to ewes' diets resulted in yoghurt with higher viable counts of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus, which were still >107 cfu/g at the end of storage, as well as a higher level of acetaldehyde content (P<0.05) as a flavor compound, than the control (C) yoghurt. The viscosity of SP yoghurt was higher than that of FO and C yoghurt; the difference was not significant. The addition of B. longum, a probiotic bacteria, to all yoghurt samples, improved antioxidant activities, particularly against ABTS• radicals, but reduced SP yoghurt viscosity. When B. longum was added, acetaldehyde content increased from 39.91, 90.47, and 129.31 μmol/100g in C, FA, and SP yoghurts to 46.67, 135.55, and 144.1 μmol/100g in probiotic C, FA, and SP yoghurts, respectively. There was no significant difference in sensory qualities among all the yoghurt samples during all storage periods.

Conclusions
Supplementing the ewes' diets with Spirulina platensis or fish oil can change the fatty acid composition of the resulting yoghurt. The starter culture's activity, flavor compounds, and some chemical, physical, and antioxidant properties of milk produced from these diets can all be improved, particularly in yoghurt treated with probiotic bacteria (B. longum).