bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum state transfer with cavity–magnonics nodes
Authors: Yan Ye-Ting , Zhao Chengsong , Yang Zhen , Wang Da-Wei , Zhou Ling 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We put forward a proposal to construct a quantum network using a hybrid cavity–magnonics system as with two nodes. At each node, a cascade of the quantum system consists of cavity–magnonics and magnonic–qubit interactions, and the quantum interface between the flying qubit and superconducting qubit is mediated by a magnon. Considering the phase resulting from the distance between the two nodes, we derive a master equation for two superconducting qubits and show that, by adiabatically controlling the cavity–magnon coupling, perfect quantum state transfer between two qubits can be realized. We also consider the influence of intrinsic dissipation of the magnetic mode and the cavity mode. In an unideal case, the design time-dependent cavity–magnonics couplings obtained in the ideal case are still employed. Our results show that low intrinsic loss in the magnetic mode and the cavity mode is still welcome for the high fidelity of state transfer.
A review of ceramic, polymer and composite piezoelectric materials
Authors: Habib Mahpara , Lantgios Iza , Hornbostel Katherine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Piezoelectric materials have been studied for nearly a century now. Initially employed in sonar technology, piezoelectric materials now have a vast set of applications including energy harvesting, sensing and actuation, and have found their way into our everyday lives. Piezoelectric material properties are being further enhanced to improve their performance and be used in novel applications. This review provides an overview of piezoelectric materials and offers a material science and fabrication perspective on progress towards the development of practical piezoelectric energy harvesters and sensors. Piezoelectric materials have been divided into the three following classes for this review: ceramics, polymers and composites. The prominent materials under each class are examined and compared, with a focus on their linear piezoelectric response in the d33 mode. The three classes of piezoelectric materials are also compared qualitatively for a range of metrics, and the applications that each material class are best suited for is discussed. Novel piezoelectric materials such as ferroelectrets and nanogenerator devices are also reviewed here. It is shown that ceramic piezoelectric materials have strong piezoelectric properties but are stiff and brittle, whereas polymer piezoelectric materials are flexible and lightweight but do not exhibit very good piezoelectric performance. Composite materials are concluded to possess the advantages of both ceramic and polymer materials, with room to tailor-fit properties by modifying the structure and composition.
A broadband metamaterial absorber with flexible low infrared radiation
Authors: Peng Huajiang , Yang Xiaoqing , Su Piqiang , Wang Jun , Gu Dezhen , Jiang Guangming , Zhou Xin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, based on split resonant ring (SRR) and NaCl solution (NS), a conformal and low thermal infrared radiation (LTIR) broadband metamaterial absorber (MA) with double SRRs and NS resonant cavity is proposed. Through simulation and measurement, it is proved that the proposed absorber has electromagnetic (EM) wave absorptivity of more than 90% under different polarization angles and different conformal conditions at 9.58–24.42 GHz. By introducing microfluidic channels, coupled electromagnetic thermal and coupled heat transfer simulations demonstrate that the design MA can maintain the thermal stability and LTIR characteristics under different power EM waves irradiation with low flow velocity (0.05 m s−1). Based on its good absorption performance and LTIR performance, it can be predicted that the proposed MA will have great application value in non-planar surface EM wave stealth and infrared stealth.
Spin-glass behavior in Li3NiCuBiO6: a two-dimensional distorted honeycomb-lattice
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Sundaresan A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report a detailed experimental study on the structural and magnetic properties of Li3NiCuBiO6 by means of various characterization techniques. It crystallizes into a monoclinic crystal structure composed of a layered magnetic honeycomb lattice along the c-axis. The existence of glassy state below 4 K is indicated by dc and ac susceptibility measurements. Magnetic contribution to the total heat capacity also peaks around the freezing temperature, and its linear temperature dependence backs our claim of a glassy state in the compound. The calculated magnetic entropy unveils that only ∼26% of the total entropy is released for the system (

S
=
3

/

2

), and a tremendous amount of spin entropy is still retained in the system. Further, analysis of the frequency-dependent freezing temperature with the help of power law confirms the presence of a spin glass state. Moreover, the appearance of magnetic memory and relaxation effect below freezing temperature manifest the development of the system via a large number of intermediate metastable states. All these measurements confirm the spin-glass behavior of the compound. We consider the presence of different magnetic atoms in honeycomb lattice as the main driving factor for the spin-glass ground state.
Modeling of microscale internal stresses in additively manufactured stainless steel
Authors: Zhang Yin , Ding Kunqing , Gu Yejun , Chen Wen , Wang Y Morris , El-Awady Jaafar , McDowell David L , Zhu Ting 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Additively manufactured (AM) metallic materials often comprise as-printed dislocation cells inside grains. These dislocation cells can give rise to substantial microscale internal stresses in both initial undeformed and plastically deformed samples, thereby affecting the mechanical properties of AM metallic materials. Here we develop models of microscale internal stresses in AM stainless steel by focusing on their back stress components. Three sources of microscale back stresses are considered, including the printing and deformation-induced back stresses associated with as-printed dislocation cells as well as the deformation-induced back stresses associated with grain boundaries. We use a three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics model to demonstrate the manifestation of printing-induced back stresses. We adopt a dislocation pile-up model to evaluate the deformation-induced back stresses associated with as-printed dislocation cells. The extracted back stress relation from the pile-up model is incorporated into a crystal plasticity (CP) model that accounts for the other two sources of back stresses as well. The CP finite element simulation results agree with the experimentally measured tension–compression asymmetry and macroscopic back stress, the latter of which represents the effective resultant of microscale back stresses of different origins. Our results provide an in-depth understanding of the origins and evolution of microscale internal stresses in AM metallic materials.
Photocatalytic nanocomposite membranes for environmental remediation
Authors: Golmohammadi Mahsa , Sabbagh Alvani Ali Asghar , Sameie Hassan , Mei Bastian , Salimi Reza , Poelman Dirk , Rosei Federico 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report the design and one-pot synthesis of Ag-doped BiVO4 embedded in reduced graphene oxide (BiVO4:Ag/rGO) nanocomposites via a hydrothermal processing route. The binary heterojunction photocatalysts exhibited high efficiency for visible light degradation of model dyes and were correspondingly used for the preparation of photocatalytic membranes using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified polyimide (PI), respectively. The surface and cross-section images combined with elemental mapping illustrated the effective distribution of the nanocomposites within the polymeric membranes. Photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of 61% and 70% were achieved after 5 h of visible light irradiation using BiVO4:Ag/rGO@PVDF and BiVO4:Ag/rGO@PI (PEG-modified) systems, respectively. The beneficial photocatalytic performance of the BiVO4:Ag/rGO@PI (PEG-modified) membrane is explained by the higher hydrophilicity due to the PEG modification of the PI membrane. This work may provide a rational and effective strategy to fabricate highly efficient photocatalytic nanocomposite membranes with well-contacted interfaces for environmental purification.
Long-range morphogen gradient formation by cell-to-cell signal propagation
Authors: Dickmann Johanna E M , Rink Jochen C , Jülicher Frank 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Morphogen gradients are a central concept in developmental biology. Their formation often involves the secretion of morphogens from a local source, that spread by diffusion in the cell field, where molecules eventually get degraded. This implies limits to both the time and length scales over which morphogen gradients can form which are set by diffusion coefficients and degradation rates. Towards the goal of identifying plausible mechanisms capable of extending the gradient range, we here use theory to explore properties of a cell-to-cell signaling relay. Inspired by the millimeter-scale wnt-expression and signaling gradients in flatworms, we consider morphogen-mediated morphogen production in the cell field. We show that such a relay can generate stable morphogen and signaling gradients that are oriented by a local, morphogen-independent source of morphogen at a boundary. This gradient formation can be related to an effective diffusion and an effective degradation that result from morphogen production due to signaling relay. If the secretion of morphogen produced in response to the relay is polarized, it further gives rise to an effective drift. We find that signaling relay can generate long-range gradients in relevant times without relying on extreme choices of diffusion coefficients or degradation rates, thus exceeding the limits set by physiological diffusion coefficients and degradation rates. A signaling relay is hence an attractive principle to conceptualize long-range gradient formation by slowly diffusing morphogens that are relevant for patterning in adult contexts such as regeneration and tissue turn-over.
Variability of Jupiter’s Synchrotron Radiation: Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) Observations -II
Authors: Matuszewska K. , Velusamy T. , Adumitroaie V. , Arballo J. , Dorcey R. , Han S. , Klopping E. , Kreuser-Jenkins N. , Levin S. , Santos-Costa D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Jupiter’s decimeter-wavelength flux density is dominated by synchrotron emission from magnetically trapped ∼5–50 MeV electrons in the radiation belts. Synchrotron radio emission remains the most useful diagnostic of the radiation belts, and a global picture is provided by ground-based observations. Monitoring of the long-term variations of Jupiter’s Synchrotron Radiation (JSR) flux density is crucial to understanding its relationship with the solar wind. The GAVRT (Goldstone-Apple Valley Radio Telescope) program operates two retired Deep Space Network (DSN) antennas, and as part of their K-12 program and Juno support, GAVRT has been collecting data to monitor JSR radio emission at 2280 MHz (13 cm wavelength). We present new results from 2019 August to 2021 December GAVRT monitoring observations. As viewed from Earth the JSR varies systematically (by about 10%) with Jupiter’s 9.9 hr rotation period, and our observations were typically much shorter than 9.9 hr. To estimate the daily flux density of JSR, we took advantage of recent progress in modeling the radiation belt, scaling individual observations by the predicted relative variation due to Jupiter’s rotation as viewed from Earth. We discuss the JSR variability from 2015 to 2021, combining our results with previous GAVRT data. Our new results show a marked decrease (∼1 Jy) in JSR flux density between 2018 and 2021, while earlier observations showed an increase from 2015 to 2018. These results are remarkably consistent with long-term variability shown by the simulations of Han et al. based on models driven by the solar wind ram pressure.
Extracting synchronized neuronal activity from local field potentials based on a marked point process framework
Authors: Huang Yifan , Zhang Xiang , Shen Xiang , Chen Shuhang , Principe Jose C , Wang Yiwen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) translate neural activity into motor commands to restore motor functions for people with paralysis. Local field potentials (LFPs) are promising for long-term BMIs, since the quality of the recording lasts longer than single neuronal spikes. Inferring neuronal spike activity from population activities such as LFPs is challenging, because LFPs stem from synaptic currents flowing in the neural tissue produced by various neuronal ensembles and reflect neural synchronization. Existing studies that combine LFPs with spikes leverage the spectrogram of the former, which can neither detect the transient characteristics of LFP features (here, neuromodulation in a specific frequency band) with high accuracy, nor correlate them with relevant neuronal activity with a sufficient time resolution. Approach. We propose a feature extraction and validation framework to directly extract LFP neuromodulations related to synchronized spike activity using recordings from the primary motor cortex of six Sprague Dawley rats during a lever-press task. We first select important LFP frequency bands relevant to behavior, and then implement a marked point process (MPP) methodology to extract transient LFP neuromodulations. We validate the LFP feature extraction by examining the correlation with the pairwise synchronized firing probability of important neurons, which are selected according to their contribution to behavioral decoding. The highly correlated synchronized firings identified by the LFP neuromodulations are fed into a decoder to check whether they can serve as a reliable neural data source for movement decoding. Main results. We find that the gamma band (30–80 Hz) LFP neuromodulations demonstrate significant correlation with synchronized firings. Compared with traditional spectrogram-based method, the higher-temporal resolution MPP method captures the synchronized firing patterns with fewer false alarms, and demonstrates significantly higher correlation than single neuron spikes. The decoding performance using the synchronized neuronal firings identified by the LFP neuromodulations can reach 90% compared to the full recorded neuronal ensembles. Significance. Our proposed framework successfully extracts the sparse LFP neuromodulations that can identify temporal synchronized neuronal spikes with high correlation. The identified neuronal spike pattern demonstrates high decoding performance, which suggest LFP can be used as an effective modality for long-term BMI decoding.
GEDI launches a new era of biomass inference from space
Authors: Dubayah Ralph , Armston John , Healey Sean P , Bruening Jamis M , Patterson Paul L , Kellner James R , Duncanson Laura , Saarela Svetlana , Ståhl Göran , Yang Zhiqiang , Tang Hao , Blair J Bryan , Fatoyinbo Lola , Goetz Scott , Hancock Steven , Hansen Matthew , Hofton Michelle , Hurtt George , Luthcke Scott 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Accurate estimation of aboveground forest biomass stocks is required to assess the impacts of land use changes such as deforestation and subsequent regrowth on concentrations of atmospheric CO2. The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is a lidar mission launched by NASA to the International Space Station in 2018. GEDI was specifically designed to retrieve vegetation structure within a novel, theoretical sampling design that explicitly quantifies biomass and its uncertainty across a variety of spatial scales. In this paper we provide the estimates of pan-tropical and temperate biomass derived from two years of GEDI observations. We present estimates of mean biomass densities at 1 km resolution, as well as estimates aggregated to the national level for every country GEDI observes, and at the sub-national level for the United States. For all estimates we provide the standard error of the mean biomass. These data serve as a baseline for current biomass stocks and their future changes, and the mission’s integrated use of formal statistical inference points the way towards the possibility of a new generation of powerful monitoring tools from space.
Isolating the modulation of mean warming and higher-order temperature changes on ozone in a changing climate over the contiguous United States
Authors: Zhang Junxi , Gao Yang , Leung L Ruby , Luo Kun , Wang Minghuai , Zhang Yang , Bell Michelle L , Fan Jianren 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Surface ozone is substantially affected by climate change through the modulation of key meteorological parameters such as temperature. While the changes in temperature under a warming climate manifest in changes of both the mean and higher-order statistical moments, their individual role in ozone concentration changes has not been broadly investigated. To address this gap, we use a novel approach to isolate the impacts of mean warming and changes in higher-order moments of temperature on ozone over the southeastern U.S. (SEUS) and western U.S. (WUS) by the mid-21st century based on simulations under Technology Driver Model A1B and B2 scenarios from a regional modeling framework (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF/Chem)). Mean warming generally dominates the impacts of climate change on ozone, and higher-order moment temperature changes can also counteract 25% of the ozone exceedance of 70 ppbv over SEUS, and may offset 48% of the mean warming induced increase of ozone exceedance in heat waves during 2046–2055 under A1B. The opposite changes in the higher-order moments over SEUS and WUS lead to opposite impacts on ozone exceedance in the two regions. Our results suggest that improving prediction of both the mean and higher-order temperature changes may be crucial to constraining the future changes in ozone concentration to better inform air quality policy.
Mineralogical-geochemical peculiarities of gold mineralization of deposit “Shirotny”, South Uzbekistan
Authors: Mirusmanov M , Zakhidov A , Juliev M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As a result of the study of the mineralogical and geochemical features of gold mineralization at the Shirotny deposit, four natural ore types have been distinguished in terms of mineralogical composition, content of the main and associated components, mineralogical forms of gold finding. The main ore minerals are native gold, pyrite, scheelite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, goethite, hydrogoethite, carbonaceous matter. According to the results of rational analyses, quantitative ratios of 5 forms of finding gold were revealed. The most widespread are 2 types: high-grade cyanated gold; gold finely disseminated in sulphides.
Optimization of technology elements in soybean stubble crop in Uzbekistan
Authors: Umarova N S , Kamalova N , Gulyamov A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Soybean, which is considered as valuable crop, is vitally important to solve the problem of increasing grain production and the protein in our country. In this research, the results of a study on the study of sowing dates and seeding rates of early-ripening and mid-ripening soybean varieties under conditions of irrigated typical gray fats were described. Field and laboratory methods were employed to conduct this research. Soybean stubble crops were carried out after harvesting winter wheat. Three sowing dates and three seeding rates were studied. Late sowing dates are used to determine the possible late soybean sowing dates that ensure grain yield. At early terms of sowing stubble crops, soybean varieties developed well, grew, and formed a grain yield and a certain quality of grain. According to the results, On average, over three years, seedlings of the Orzu variety, depending on the sowing time and seeding rates, appeared on days 9-11, the budding phase on days 21-25, and the flowering phase on 8-9 days after budding. The best grain quality in the Orzu variety was observed when sowing on June 15 with a norm of 500 thousand; in variety Uzbek-2 when sowing on June 15 with a norm of 300 thousand/ha.
Effects of deep softener and chemical compounds on mechanical compositions in heavy, difficult-to-ameliorate soils
Authors: Khamidov M , Juraev A , Juraev U , Atamuradov B , Rustamova K , Najmiddinov A , Nurbekov A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article deals with deep loosening of heavy, difficult-to-ameliorate, gypsum, medium salinity soils in the conditions of Bukhara region, as well as high-quality saline washing and watering of saline soils using a chemical reclamation (Spersal) compound. Significant water savings were observed during the harvest, and the control of dry residue and chlorine ions was reduced in the remaining variants, in addition the results of the study to the effect of the Bukhara-102 variety of cotton on the amount of salts in the soil by irrigating are presented. In this case, the cotton is cultivated without deep loosening of the soil with the variant of direct cultivation of the soil with a deep softener, softening at a depth of 60 cm and 80 cm, and irrigation of the (Spersal) compound, drainage, the effect of soil salinity on fertility and water permeability was analyzed.
Efficiency of the irrigation norm for winter wheat and soy varieties in the typical land of Uzbekistan
Authors: Shamsiev A , Isaev S , Goziev G , Khusanov S , Khusanbaeva N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, in the conditions of grassland soils of Andijan region, pre-irrigation varieties of winter wheat Tanya, Vershina, Kalym, Andijan-4 have a high yield when the soil moisture is irrigated in the order of 75-75-75% relative to the limit field moisture capacity. In particular, the average yield of soybeans was 66.0 quintals (q)/ha from Tanya, 69.5 q/ha from Vershina, 69.2 q/ha from Kalym and 67.2 q/ha from Andijan-4. and Oyjamol cultivars received high yields when irrigated in the order of 70-75-65% of the pre-irrigation soil moisture limit, including the average yield of 26.8 q/ha from Tomaris and 27.0 q/ha from Oyjamol. Water consumption of winter wheat and soybean varieties was determined, the minimum water consumption for the cultivation of one quintal of grain was 75.45-75% of the soil moisture before the threshold field moisture capacity, which is 58.5 m3/sec in “Kalym” variety, 59.6 m3/sec in “Andijan-4” variety, pre-irrigation soil moisture of soybeans cultivated as a secondary crop in 70-75-65% of the field moisture capacity 81.3 m3/sec in the variety “Oyjamol” and 86.4 m3/sec.
Formation of the leaf surface and grain yield of winter rye (Secale L.) with the use of mineral fertilizers in irrigated soils of Uzbekistan
Authors: Umarov R A , Azizov B M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the most important, useful and promising grain crops is winter rye. The advantage of winter rust is: resistance to winter and cold, adaptation to a stress factor, high content of minerals and vitamins in grain. The rye grain contains 13% protein, as well as a large amount of minerals such as: manganese, boron, aluminum, iodine, bromine, fluorine, cobalt, molybdenum, strontium, cesium, copper and also vitamins A1, B1, B2, E3, threonine and tyrosine other substances. Therefore, rye bread is considered the main dietary bread. In recent years, the need for rye bread has been increasing. This research intends to analyze formation of the leaf surface and grain yield of winter rye while using different type of mineral fertilizers. The results showed that at earlier sowing dates, the use of foliar feeding and the Baikal biostimulant had a positive effect on the formation of winter rye fruit elements. Accordingly, the highest indicator in terms of grain weight per 1 ear of 1.37 grams was noted at early sowing dates using foliar feeding, an increase from the control was 0.47 grams.