bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Profiles of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Objective and Ecological Measures of Attention, Distractibility and Hyperactivity.
Authors: Fernández-Martín Pilar , Rodríguez-Herrera Rocío , López Rosa Cánovas , Díaz-Orueta Unai , Arboleas Alma Martínez de Salazar , Cubos Pilar Flores 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

In the past two decades, the traditional subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been criticized for having substantial variability in symptom manifestation, clinical course, and treatment response. In the present study, we questioned whether an objective and ecological assessment of attentional control, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, the core symptom domains on which ADHD diagnosis is currently based, could yield similar phenotypic profiles to those defined by DSM-5 criteria. 110 Spanish-speaking children and adolescents (6–16 years) with ADHD (n = 57) and typically developing (n = 53) completed AULA, a continuous performance test embedded in virtual reality. We found that ADHD-Combined and ADHD-Inattentive subtypes exhibited the same performance profile. Then, we applied hybrid hierarchical k-means clustering algorithms to AULA’s main outcome measures. A five-cluster structure was the most optimal solution based on several validation indices. We identified two ADHD phenotypes sharing attention impairments and hyperactivity but with an opposing performance profile on processing speed (PS) and response inhibition domains; two normative groups with average and high performance; and one profile with relatively intact performance but poor sustained attention and slow PS. DSM-5 subtypes cut across cluster profiles. Our findings might suggest that PS and response inhibition, but not attentional processes and gross-motor activity, are useful domains to distinguish between ADHD subpopulations. This study highlights the poor feasibility of traditional categorical systems to parse ADHD heterogeneity and the added value of VR-based neuropsychological assessment to obtain an objective and less biased characterization of cognitive functioning in individuals with and without ADHD.
Effects of native probiotic candidates on the immune status, inflammatory response and disease resistance of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Wuertz Sven , Beça Filipa , Kreuz Eva , Wanka Konrad M. , Azeredo Rita , Machado Marina , Costas Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Extreme ENSO conditions have contrasting effects on Antarctic euphausiid body condition during winter
Authors: Walsh Jennifer , Reiss Christian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are increasing in frequency and intensity, with profound global impacts on marine environments. These events may result in contrasting ocean conditions around the Antarctic Peninsula, with varying effects on euphausiids because of their diverse life histories, habitats, and feeding ecologies. We conducted surveys in August and September 2014 and 2016 around the northern Antarctic Peninsula and examined the dietary carbon sources, trophic position, and body condition of five euphausiids (Euphausia crystallorophias, E. frigida, E. superba post-larvae and larvae, E. triacantha, and Thysanoessa macrura) in relation to environmental conditions each year. Principal component analysis of environmental conditions showed that 2014 was associated with high chlorophyll-a, low salinity, and shallow upper mixed-layer depths, while 2016 was associated with low chlorophyll-a, high salinity, and deep upper mixed-layer depths. Carbon sources varied between years, with most species enriched in δ13C in 2016. Trophic position was consistent between years and among species except E. frigida, which was enriched in δ15N in 2016. E. triacantha was the only species with lower body condition in 2016. We considered these outcomes in the context of the neutral ENSO index of 2014 and the positive ENSO index of 2016, which had contrasting effects on the type, quality, and distribution of food resources each year. We conclude that ENSO conditions around the northern Antarctic Peninsula may result in a more favorable feeding environment for all euphausiids except E. triacantha, which may be the most negatively impacted by the predicted increase in El Niño conditions.
Traveling wave solutions for explicit-time nonlinear photorefractive dynamics equation
Authors: Abdullah Zulfi , Ripai Ahmad , Syafwan Mahdhivan , Hidayat Wahyu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We have just solved the traveling wave solution for explicit-time nonlinear photorefractive dynamics equation. Nonlinearity comes from the support of linear and quadratic electro-optic effects. We investigated two cases, the wave was assumed to be in low amplitude and without such an assumption. In this step, we apply the direct solution method by setting the ansatz of the wave solution from the start. In the first case, the Taylor series expansion is relied on, the equations of these results can be integrated, and we get an exact solution for the traveling wave. In the second case, the original dynamic equation is fully evaluated. They are reduced to a first-order differential equation which we have provided the initial conditions for a numerical evaluation. The exact solution shows the propagation wave traveling in the positive and negative directions in the diffraction axis direction. There is also an angle between the traveling wave and the center of the propagation plane, which decreases as the value of the displacement constant in the solution increases. While the power of the traveling wave, it is also unique. Lastly, the numerical solution gives a kink-like traveling wave.
Mate-pair genome sequencing reveals structural variants for idiopathic male infertility
Authors: Dong Zirui , Qian Jicheng , Law Tracy Sze Man , Chau Matthew Hoi Kin , Cao Ye , Xue Shuwen , Tong Steve , Zhao Yilin , Kwok Yvonne K. , Ng Karen , Chan David Yiu Leung , Chiu Peter K-F , Ng Chi-Fai , Chung Cathy Hoi Sze , Mak Jennifer Sze Man , Leung Tak Yeung , Chung Jacqueline Pui Wah , Morton Cynthia C. , Choy Kwong Wai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Currently, routine genetic investigation for males with infertility includes karyotyping analysis and PCR for Y chromosomal microdeletions to provide prognostic information such as sperm retrieval success rate. However, over 85% of the cases remain idiopathic. We assessed 101 males with primary infertility in a retrospective cohort analysis who have previously received negative results from standard-of-care tests. Mate-pair genome sequencing (with ~ 5kb DNA fragment-size), an alternative long-DNA sequencing method was performed to detect clinically significant structural variants (SVs) and copy-number neutral absence of heterozygosity (AOH). Candidate SVs were filtered against our in-house cohort of 1,077 fertile men, and potentially clinically significant variants were correlated with gene expression profiles from single-cell RNA-seq datasets that curated human fetal and postnatal testicular development and adult germ cells. Follow-up studies were conducted for each patient with clinically relevant finding(s). Molecular diagnoses were made for 15.9% (10/63) of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia and 21.1% (8/38) of patients with severe oligozoospermia, respectively. Among them, 17 clinically significant SVs were identified in 16 cases, including five well-known syndromes, two inversions, and 10 SVs with direct disruption of genes by intragenic rearrangements or complex insertions. Importantly, a genetic defect related to Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) failure was identified in a non-obstructive azoospermia patient illustrating the additional value of an etiologic diagnosis in addition to determining sperm retrieval rate. Our study reveals a landscape of various genomic variants in 101 males with idiopathic infertility, not only advancing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of male infertility, but also impacting clinical management.
The conditions necessary for the formation of dissipative structures in tribo-films on friction surfaces that decrease the wear rate
Authors: Gershman I. S. , Fox-Rabinovich G. S. , Gershman E. I. , Mironov A. E. , Endrino J. L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Tribo-films form on the surface as a result of friction and wear. The wear rate is dependant on the frictional processes, which develop within these tribo-films. Physical-chemical processes with negative entropy production enhance reduction of the wear rate. Such processes intensively develop once self-organization with dissipative structure formation is initiated. This process leads to significant wear rate reduction. Self-organization can only occur after the system loses thermodynamic stability. This article investigates the behavior of entropy production which results in the loss of thermodynamic stability in order to establish the prevalence of friction modes required for self-organization. Tribo-films with dissipative structures form on the friction surface as a consequence of a self-organization process, resulting in an overall wear rate reduction. It has been demonstrated that a tribo-system begins to lose its thermodynamic stability once it reaches the point of maximum entropy production during the running-in stage.
Vsig4 + Resident Single-Kupffer Cells Improve Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis in NASH
Authors: Li Hui-Yi , Fu Seng-Wang , Wu Jun-Cheng , Li Zheng-Hong , Xu Ming-Yi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is complex and unclear. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on nonparenchymal cells isolated from NASH and control mice. Two main single macrophage subsets were identified that exhibited a significant change in cell percentage when NASH occurred: resident Kupffer cells (KCs; Cluster 2) and lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs; Cluster 13). Nearly 93% of single-LAMs in Cluster 13 specifically expressed Cx3cr1, and an increase in Cx3crl+ single-LAMs was speculated to play a proinflammatory role in NASH. Nearly 82% of resident single KCs in Cluster 2 specifically expressed Cd163, and an inhibited subgroup of Cd163+ resident single-KCs was suggested to have a protective effect in NASH. Similar to Cd163, Vsig4 was both enriched in and specific to Cluster 2. The percentage of Vsig4+-KCs was significantly decreased in NASH in vivo and in vitro. Hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells produced less lipid droplet accumulation, proinflammatory protein (TNF-α) and profibrotic protein (α-SMA) in response to coculture with Vsig4+-KCs than in those cocultured with lipotoxic KCs. Therefore, a subgroup of Vsig4+ resident single-KCs was shown to improve hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in NASH.
A comprehensive approach to quantify the source identification and human health risk assessment of toxic elements in park dust
Authors: Huang Chang-Chen , Cai Li-Mei. , Xu Yao-Hui , Jie Luo , Hu Guo-Cheng , Chen Lai-Guo. , Wang Han-Zhi , Xu Xu-Bang , Mei Jing-Xian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this research, enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI) were utilized to explore the contamination characteristics of toxic elements (TEs). The results exhibited that the study area was mainly moderately polluted, and the EF values of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and Sb were all > 1, which were cumulative. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb increased with the decrease of dust particle size. The investigation results of chemical speciation and bioavailability of TEs showed that Zn had the highest bioavailability. Three sources of TEs were determined by positive matrix factorization (PMF), Pearson correlation analysis and geostatistical analyst, comprising factor 1 mixed sources of industrial and transportation activities (46.62%), factor 2 natural source (25.56%) and factor 3 mixed source of agricultural activities and the aging of park infrastructures (27.82%). Potential ecological risk (PER) and human health risk (HHR) based on PMF model were exploited to estimate PER and HHR of TEs from different sources. The PER value of TE in the park dust was 114, indicating that ecological risk in the study area was relatively high. Factor 1 contributed the most to PER, and the pollution of Cd was the most serious. There were no significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults in the study area. And factor 3 was the biggest source of non-carcinogenic risk, As, Cr and Pb were the chief contributor to non-carcinogenic risk. The primary source of carcinogenic risk was factor 2, Cr was the cardinal cancer risk element.
Generation of light sheet focal patterns for light-sheet fluorescence microscopy via phase modulated radial and azimuthal variant vector beam
Authors: Thiruarul D. , Charles J. William , Lavanya M. , Rajesh K. B. , Jaroszewicz Z. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Axial multiple focal patterns are theoretically generated by tight focusing of radial and azimuthal variant vector beam phase modulated by annular Walsh filter. The novel light sheet patterns with sub wavelength size such as longitudinally polarized multiple focal spots, transversely polarized multiple focal spots/holes, longitudinally/ transversely polarized annular dark multiple spots with petal shapes are numerically generated by properly manipulating the parameters such as radial & azimuthal index values as well as the order & size of the annular obstruction values. The pre mentioned novel multiple focal patterns highly applicable in axial multiple optical trapping and manipulating, light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and optical lithography etc.
Gate-tunable heavy fermions in a moiré Kondo lattice
Authors: Mak Kin Fai , Zhao Wenjin , Shen Bowen , Tao Zui , Han Zhongdong , Kang Kaifei , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Shan Jie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Kondo lattice, describing a matrix of local magnetic moments coupled via spin-exchange interactions to itinerant conduction electrons, is a prototype of strongly correlated quantum matter. Traditionally, Kondo lattices are realized in intermetallic compounds containing lanthanide or actinide. The complex electronic structure and limited tunability of both the electron density and exchange interactions in these bulk materials pose significant challenges to study Kondo lattice physics. Here, we report the realization of a synthetic Kondo lattice in AB-stacked MoTe2/WSe2 moiré bilayers, where the MoTe2 layer is tuned to a Mott insulating state, supporting a triangular moiré lattice of local moments, and the WSe2 layer is doped with itinerant conduction carriers. We observe heavy fermions with a large Fermi surface below the Kondo temperature. We also observe destruction of the heavy fermions by an external magnetic field with an abrupt decrease of the Fermi surface size and quasiparticle mass. We further demonstrate widely and continuously gate-tunable Kondo temperatures through either the itinerant carrier density or Kondo interaction. Our study opens the possibility of in-situ access to the rich phase diagram of the Kondo lattice with exotic quantum criticalities in a single device based on semiconductor moiré materials.
Early nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses associate with control of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper airways and reduced systemic inflammation before seroconversion
Authors: Eser Tabea M. , Baranov Olga , Huth Manuel , Ahmed Mohamed I. M. , Deák Flora , Held Kathrin , Lin Luming , Perkayvaz Kami , Leuning Alexander , Nicolai Leo , Pollakis Georgios , Buggert Marcus , Price David A. , Rubio-Acero Raquel , Reich Jakob , Falk Philine , Markgraf Alisa , Puchinger Kerstin , Castellitti Noemi , Olbrich Laura , Vanshylla Kanika , Klein Florian , Wieser Andreas , Hasenauer Jan , Kroidl Inge , Hölscher Michael , Geldmacher Christof 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Despite intensive research since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, it has remained unclear precisely which components of the early immune response protect against the development of severe COVID-19. To address this issue, we performed a comprehensive immunogenetic and virologic analysis of nasopharyngeal and peripheral blood samples obtained during the acute phase of infection with SARS-CoV-2. We found that soluble and transcriptional markers of systemic inflammation peaked during the first week after symptom onset and correlated directly with the upper airways viral loads (UA-VLs), whereas the contemporaneous frequencies of circulating viral nucleocapsid (NC)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells correlated inversely with various inflammatory markers and UA-VLs. In addition, we observed high frequencies of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in acutely infected nasopharyngeal tissue, many of which expressed genes encoding various effector molecules, such as cytotoxic proteins and IFN-γ. The presence of functionally active T cells in the infected epithelium was further linked with common patterns of gene expression among virus-susceptible target cells and better local control of SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, these results identified an immune correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2, which could inform the development of more effective vaccines to combat the acute and chronic illnesses attributable to COVID-19.
Using Semi-Automatically Annotation System on Medical Entity Recognition
Authors: Tung Chia-Ming , Huang Jing-Rung , Cai Jia-Chun , Lu Wen-Hsiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is more and more common that people ask questions on the web and seek suggestion before visiting medical institutions. These corpus resources may be valuable for further research on natural languages processing for Medicine. Amazon provided a service called “Amazon Comprehend Medical” that could help medical experts to extract six kinds of the important terms from the articles. In this research, we proposed a medical entity recognition model to identify ten medical entity terms. A semi-auto annotation system was also developed to extract medical entity terms from the questions. The expected result shows that the annotation system could reduce 40% labeling time and provides a tagging interface to add medical entity terms manually.
Effects of climate and anthropogenic changes on future variability in flows in the So’o River Basin (South of Cameroon)
Authors: Ebode Valentin Brice 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Due to climate and environmental changes, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has experienced several drought and flood events in recent decades with serious consequences on the economy of the sub-region. In this context, the region needs to enhance its capacity in water resources management, based on reliable forecasts. The objective of this article was to study ​​the evolution future (near (2022-2060) and distant (2061-2100)) flows in the So’o River Basin (SRB) in Cameroon. The Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov was used to predict the future land cover evolution of the basin, and the outputs of two regional climate models-RCMs (RCA4 and CCCma) were used to predict the future climate in the basin. Distribution mapping was used for correcting precipitation and temperature biases in the outputs of the climate models used. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate the future flows in the SRB. The results obtained show that a change in precipitation in line with the predictions of the CCCma model will lead to a decrease in river discharge in the basin, except under the RCP8.5 scenario during the second period (2061-2100), where will note an increase compared to the historical period of approximately +4%. It is projected that the decrease in precipitation and river discharge will occur mostly in the autumn months during 2020s, 2040s and 2070s. Results from the RCA4 model project an increase in precipitation which will lead to an increase in river discharge by more than +50%, regardless of the period and the scenario considered. In general, this increase will be greater during the dry seasons (winter and summer), while the decades at the end of the century (2080 to 2100) will be the wettest. An increase in discharges was noted in some cases despite a drop in rainfall, particularly in the case of discharges simulated for the second period (2061-2100) from the outputs of the CCCma model. This seems to be a consequence of the increase in impervious spaces, all the more the runoff increases during this period according to the model. Results from this study could be used to enhance water resources management in the basin investigated and the region.
Dapagliflozin restores diabetes-associated decline in vasculogenic capacity of endothelial progenitor cells via activating AMPK-mediated inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Luo Lifang , Dong Bing , Zhang Jianning , Qiu Yumin , Liu Xiaolin , Zhou Zhe , He Jiang , Zhang Xiaoyu , Chen Long , Xia Wenhao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) provide added vascular protection beyond glucose lowering to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are an important endogenous repair mechanism for diabetic vascular complications. Yet, whether SGLT2i protect vessels in diabetic patients by improving the function of EPCs remains to be elucidated.
Methods: Sixty-three T2DM patients and 60 healthy participants were enrolled, and 15 of T2DM group took dapagliflozin for 3 months. Retinal capillary density (RCD) was examined before and after meditation. Moreover, vasculogenic capacity of EPCs cocultured with or without dapagliflozin in vitro and in vivo (hind limb ischemia model) were assessed. Mechanically, genes related to inflammation/oxidative stress, and the AMPK signaling of EPCs were determined.
Results: T2DM demonstrated a declined RCD and a decreased number of circulating EPCs compared with healthy controls. Compared with the EPCs from healthy individuals, vasculogenic capacity of T2DM EPCs was significantly impaired, which could be restored by dapagliflozin meditation or dapagliflozin coculture. Increased expression of inflammation correlative genes and decreased anti-oxidative stress related genes expression were found in EPCs form T2DM, which were accompanied with reduced phosphorylation level of AMPK. Dapagliflozin treatment activated AMPK signaling, decreased the level of inflammation and oxidative stress, and rescued vasculogenic capacity of EPCs from T2DM. Furthermore, AMPK inhibitor pretreatment diminished the enhancement vasculogenic capacity of diabetic EPCs from dapagliflozin treatment.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates for the first time that dapagliflozin restores vasculogenic capacity of EPCs via activating AMPK-mediated inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress in T2DM. Keywords: T2DM; Dapagliflozin; EPCs; Vasculogenesis; AMPK signaling