bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards control of dam and reservoir systems with forward–backward stochastic differential equations driven by clustered jumps
Authors: Yoshioka Hidekazu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe deal with a new maximum principle‐based stochastic control model for river management through operating a dam and reservoir system. The model is based on coupled forward–backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) derived from jump‐driven streamflow dynamics and reservoir water balance. A continuous‐time branching process with immigration driven by a tempered stable subordinator efficiently describes clustered inflow streamflow dynamics. This is a completely new attempt in hydrology and control engineering. Applying a stochastic maximum principle to the dynamics based on an objective functional for designing cost‐efficient control of dam and reservoir systems leads to the FBSDEs as a system of optimality equations. The FBSDEs under a linear‐quadratic ansatz lead to a tractable model, while they are solved numerically in the other cases using a least‐squares Monte‐Carlo method. Optimal controls are found in the former, while only sub‐optimal ones are computable in the latter due to a hard state constraint. Model parameters are successfully identified from a real data of a river in Japan having a dam and reservoir system. We also show that the linear‐quadratic case can capture the real operation data of the system with underestimation of the outflow discharge. More complex cases with a realistic time horizon are analyzed numerically to investigate impacts of considering the environmental flows and seasonal operational purposes. Key challenges towards more sophisticated modeling and analysis with jump‐driven FBSDEs are discussed as well.
The interosseus crural nerve: An anatomical study of a rarely described structure
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Gerard Nicholas , Ishak Basem , Olewnik Łukasz , Georgiev George P. , Patel Anand P. , Kitagawa Norio , Dumont Aaron S. , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe interosseous crural nerve (IOCn) is said to arise distally from muscular branches of the tibial nerve innervating the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. Here, we present the results of a cadaveric study of the IOCn to clarify this nerve's morphology and to discuss its potential clinical relevance. On 26 sides from 13 cadaveric specimens, the IOCn was dissected. The IOCn was identified on 14 out of 26 sides (53.8%). The mean diameter and length of the IOCn were 0.46 mm (range 0.3–0.72 mm) and 20.9 mm (range 13.5–33.0 mm), respectively. The origin of the IOCn was from a branch to the popliteus muscle on all sides. The nerve was found to have vascular, muscular, and ligamentous branches. In 53.8%, the nerve reached the inferior tibiofibular joint, and in 46.2%, the nerve terminated in the interosseous membrane of the leg. At its distal part, the IOCn gave off multiple vascular branches to the fibular artery. On one side (7.1%), the nerve pierced the interosseous membrane and innervated muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg. We believe this to be the first anatomical study of the IOCn. The nerve was found to have vascular, muscular, and ligamentous branches. Surgeons operating in the deep posterior compartment of the leg and ankle and clinicians treating patients with unusual presentations or pathology of the leg and ankle should be aware of this structure.
Investigation of the synthesis and the effect of precursor ratio of Al/Zn on annona squamosal‐like mesoporous particles ZnAl2O4
Authors: Hsiao Kuang‐Che , Chen Yi‐Jia , Liao Shih‐Chieh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractZinc aluminate ZnAl2O4 particles were synthesized using a spray pyrolysis technique. Aerosol droplets of the mixture of the zinc nitrate with concentration varied from 0.03 to 0.3 M and aluminum nitrate from 0.06 to 1.2 M were pyrolyzed in air at temperatures ranging from 600 to 800°C. The molar ratio of Al to Zn was in the range of 2–4. The produced ZnAl2O4 powders in single spinel phase have the primary and secondary particle sizes in the range of 10–30 nm and 0.5–7 μm, respectively. The primary particle size increased with the reaction temperature but decreased with precursor concentration (PC). The relative density of the particles increased with reaction temperature but decreased slightly with solution concentration at the constant pyrolysis temperature of 800°C. Particles synthesized under high PC with the molar ratio of Al/Zn equal to 4 tend to have an annona squamosal‐like exterior appearance but essentially mesoporous interior structure, with the highest surface area to 97 m2/g. The single spinel phase of ZnAl2O4 particles synthesized with molar ratios of Al/Zn equal to 3.5 or 4 may be explained by the increased solid solubility of Al in the ZnAl2O4 structure due to the nanosize effect.
Bubble generation in refractory porous plugs: The role of the ceramic surface composition
Authors: Falsetti Luís Otávio Zaparoli , Ferreira Muche Dereck Nills , Andreeta Marcello Rubens Barsi , Moreira Murilo Henrique , Pandolfelli Victor Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPorous ceramic plugs are refractory devices applied in the steel ladle to inject gas bubbles into the liquid metal, aiming at its chemical and thermal homogenization, and the removal of non‐metallic inclusions. Regarding its wear and corrosion resistance, the plug composition typically exhibits a low wettability by liquid steel to limit its infiltration into the porous structure. However, an additional aspect for the performance of plugs is their ability to control the size of the generated bubble, maximizing the likelihood of capturing inclusions. Based on the importance of this process to attain high‐performance materials, this work studied the injection of gas into liquid media through ceramic capillary structures, focusing on the influence of the pore diameter and the contact angle upon the size of the generated bubble. The available models in the literature were analyzed and compared to the experimental results for a water–air system. As an outcome, a shape‐corrected model for bubbling is proposed highlighting the region where the material dominates over the pore diameter to dictate the bubble size. Extending the model to the steel ladle, the results suggest the composition of the ceramic plug's surface as a key aspect to improve the cleanliness of the molten steel.
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation resets T‐ and B‐cell compartments in sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Jarduli‐Maciel Luciana Ribeiro , de Azevedo Júlia Teixeira Cottas , Clave Emmanuel , Costa Thalita Cristina de Mello , Arruda Lucas Coelho Marlière , Fournier Isabelle , Palma Patrícia Vianna Bonini , Lima Keli Cristina , Elias Juliana Bernardes , Stracieri Ana Beatriz PL , Pieroni Fabiano , Cunha Renato , Darrigo‐Júnior Luiz Guilherme , Grecco Carlos Eduardo Settani , Covas Dimas Tadeu , Silva‐Pinto Ana Cristina , De Santis Gil Cunha , Simões Belinda Pinto , Oliveira Maria Carolina , Toubert Antoine , Malmegrim Kelen Cristina Ribeiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesAllogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is the only currently available curative treatment for sickle cell disease (SCD). Here, we comprehensively evaluated the reconstitution of T‐ and B‐cell compartments in 29 SCD patients treated with allo‐HSCT and how it correlated with the development of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGvHD).MethodsT‐cell neogenesis was assessed by quantification of signal‐joint and β‐chain TCR excision circles. B‐cell neogenesis was evaluated by quantification of signal‐joint and coding‐joint K‐chain recombination excision circles. T‐ and B‐cell peripheral subset numbers were assessed by flow cytometry.ResultsBefore allo‐HSCT (baseline), T‐cell neogenesis was normal in SCD patients compared with age‐, gender‐ and ethnicity‐matched healthy controls. Following allo‐HSCT, T‐cell neogenesis declined but was fully restored to healthy control levels at one year post‐transplantation. Peripheral T‐cell subset counts were fully restored only at 24 months post‐transplantation. Occurrence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGvHD) transiently affected T‐ and B‐cell neogenesis and overall reconstitution of T‐ and B‐cell peripheral subsets. B‐cell neogenesis was significantly higher in SCD patients at baseline than in healthy controls, remaining high throughout the follow‐up after allo‐HSCT. Notably, after transplantation SCD patients showed increased frequencies of IL‐10‐producing B‐regulatory cells and IgM+memory B‐cell subsets compared with baseline levels and with healthy controls.ConclusionOur findings revealed that the T‐ and B‐cell compartments were normally reconstituted in SCD patients after allo‐HSCT. In addition, the increase of IL‐10‐producing B‐regulatory cells may contribute to improve immune regulation and homeostasis after transplantation.
Upscalable ultra thick rayon carbon felt based hybrid organic‐inorganic electrodes for high energy density supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xin , Say Mehmet Girayhan , Brooke Robert , Beni Valerio , Nilsson David , Lassnig Roman , Berggren Magnus , Edberg Jesper , Engquist Isak 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLow weight, small footprint, and high performances are essential requisites for the implementation of energy storage devices within consumer electronics. One way to achieve these goals is to increase the thickness of the active material layer. In this work, carbonized and graphitized rayon felt, a cellulose‐derived material, is used as a three‐dimensional current collector scaffold to enable the incorporation of large amount of active energy storage materials and ionic liquid‐based gel electrolyte in the supercapacitor devices. PEDOT:PSS, alone or in combination with active carbon, has been used as the active material. Three‐dimensional supercapacitors with high per unit area capacitance (more than 1.1 F/cm2) have been achieved owing to the loading of large amount of active material in the felt matrix. Areal energy density of more than 101 μWh/cm2 and areal power density of more than 5.9 mW/cm2 have been achieved for 0.8 V operating voltage at a current density of 1 mA/cm2. A nanographite material was found to be beneficial in reducing the internal serial resistance of the supercapacitor to lower than 1.7 Ω. Furthermore, it was shown that even after 2000 times cycling test, the devices could still retain its performance with at least 88% coulombic efficiency for all the devices. All the materials are readily available commercially, environmentally sustainable and the process can potentially be upscaled with industrial process.
The applications of β‐keto amides for heterocycle synthesis
Authors: Wu Xiaoqiang , Li Wanfang 
Published: April 2022

Abstractβ‐Keto amides have multiple nucleophilic and electrophilic reaction sites within their molecular structures, which make them excellent building blocks for the construction of various heterocyclic compounds. In this Review, we summarized the applications of structurally diversified β‐keto amides for the synthesis of (1) Five‐membered heterocycles including furans, thiophenes, pyrroles, indoles, pyrazoles, triazoles, and their derivatives; (2) six‐membered nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐containing heterocycles such as pyridones, dihydropyridines, pyridines, quinolones, quinolines, pyranones and the like; (3) various lactams and some aza‐aliphatic rings. The focus is on the multicomponent reactions which take advantage of the unique versatile reactivities of β‐keto amides.
Synthesis of new thiazine and thiazole derivatives via cyclization reactions; investigating their electronic properties and determination of antioxidant properties
Authors: Ergan Erdem , Tozlu Deniz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract(4‐[2,4‐dimethoxyphenyl]‐6‐phenyl‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐5‐yl)(phenyl) methanone (1) have been prepared by Biginelli three‐component cyclocondensation reaction of catalyzed with p‐toluene sulfonic acid in ethanol. Pyrimido[2,1‐b]thiazine (2) and thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine (3) derivatives were obtained by a simple one‐pot condensation reaction of starting compound 1 and 3‐bromopropionic acid, bromoacetic acid and, respectively. By performing the reactions of compound 3 with heteroaromatic and aromatic aldehydes, arylidine‐bicyclic thiazolo pyrimidine compounds (4–9) were synthesized. Theoretical calculations and molecular electrostatic potential maps of all synthesized compounds were performed using the Gaussian software package Density Functional Theory (DFT/6‐31G: B3LYP). In addition, studies were carried out to determine the antioxidant properties of all the compounds obtained by the DPPH method, and compound 1 was found to be the most effective compound. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were analyzed using spectroscopic methods such as IR, 1H, and 13C.
Study on halogen promoted cyclization of 2‐alkynylthiobenzimidazoles
Authors: Misiūnaitė Indrė , Bukšnaitienė Rita , Pošiūnas Justas , Brukštus Algirdas , Žutautė Ieva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectrophile promoted nucleophilic cyclization of 2‐alkynylthiobenzimidazoles was investigated. N‐halosuccinimides were chosen as electrophile source in formation of substituted benzimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles and benzimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazines. Reaction pathway via 6‐endo‐dig or 5‐exo‐dig cyclization of substrates depended on substituents to the alkyne moiety, though with bromine electrophile in some cases benzimidazole moiety predominated alkyne and aromatic substitution reaction was observed. Compounds with prolonged linkage in 2‐(propynylthio)methylbenzimidazoles formed only 7‐endo‐dig products.
Production and optimization of l‐asparaginase by Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 isolated from Arctic sediment
Authors: Saleena Shahana K. , Johnson Jeslin I. , Joseph Joseph K. , Padinchati Krishnan K. , Abdulla Mohamed H. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActinomycetes isolated from the Arctic sediment were evaluated for the production of the enzyme l‐asparaginase, an enzyme used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The most potent strain Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 was selected for
l‐asparaginase enzyme production by submerged fermentation. The effect of various fermentation parameters on enzyme production was analyzed statistically using the Plackett–Burman design and response surface method. Effects of eight parameters including temperature, pH, incubation time, inoculum size, agitation speed, the concentration of starch,
l‐asparagine, and yeast extract were studied on
l‐asparaginase production by the Arctic isolate S. koyangensis SK4. Factors such as temperature, pH, incubation time, agitation speed, and
l‐asparagine concentration were found to be important factors influencing
l‐asparaginase production. Maximum enzyme activity of 136 IU/ml was obtained at 20°C on the seventh day of incubation in the asparagine dextrose broth maintained at pH 7.5, agitation speed 125 rpm, and
l‐asparagine concentration of 7.5 g/L. The statistical optimization method described in this study proved effective for increasing the
l‐asparaginase production by Arctic actinomycetes.
Elucidation of the impact of four different drying methods on the phenolics, volatiles, and color properties of the peels of four types of citrus fruits
Authors: Guclu Gamze , Polat Suleyman , Kelebek Hasim , Capanoglu Esra , Selli Serkan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCitrus fruit peels are considered to be process waste in the fruit juice industry but they are a valuable raw material due to their volatile and bioactive components. Drying is one of the most common methods to preserve this material. In this study, four drying processes were applied to the peels of four kinds of citrus fruits. The drying processes were convective drying (CD), microwave drying (MD), conductive hydro drying (CHD), and freeze drying (FD). The citrus fruits used were orange, bitter orange, grapefruit, and lemon.RESULTSThe influence of dehydration on the aroma and phenolic composition, microstructure, and color properties were studied in detail. It was determined that drying increased the amount of both phenolics and volatiles in the dried samples. The MD and FD methods better preserved the color and phenolics of the samples, and the MD and CD processes increased the amount of aroma substances.CONCLUSIONThe MD method would be more suitable for drying citrus peels due to its shorter duration and its positive effects on the phenolic and aroma components. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The role of the extension region on the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the α‐subunit of β‐conglycinin: implications of pH value and ionic strength
Authors: Yuan Yanqiu , He Zijie , Ju Qian , Zhao Sibo , Wu Chang , Hu Yayun , Zhou Shuyi , Luan Guangzhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo clarify the role of the extension region on the structure–functional relationship of the α‐subunit of β‐conglycinin, α‐subunit and its segment of the core region (αc‐subunit) were expressed via an Escherichia coli system. Their physicochemical properties were compared under acid, neutral or alkaline conditions (pH 4.0, 7.0, and 8.0) and high or low ionic strength (μ = 0.05 and 0.5), respectively.RESULTSThe results showed that the extension region contributed to increasing thermal stability, especially at low ionic strength under acidic and neutral conditions. The extension region stabilized the α‐subunit with high solubility, low turbidity, and small particle size under neutral and alkaline conditions, whereas these impacts were suppressed at a high ionic strength and acidic conditions. Surface hydrophobicity of the α‐subunit decreased under acidic and alkaline conditions without being interfered with by ionic strength.CONCLUSIONIt can be concluded that the extension region played different roles under different pH and ionic strength conditions. These factors should be specified carefully and speculated individually to explore the more detailed and profound nature of β‐conglycinin at the submolecular level. The results could benefit a better understanding of the relationship between domain structure and functions of soybean protein. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of mulberry leaf polysaccharides on the baking and staling properties of frozen dough bread
Authors: Xie Qianran , Liu Xiaorong , Xiao Shensheng , Pan Wen , Wu Yan , Ding Wenping , Lyu Qingyun , Wang Xuedong , Fu Yang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDeterioration in frozen dough bread easily occurs in store, resulting in tremendous economic waste. Therefore, it is imperative to find natural additives to improve storage staling. The effects of mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLP) were studied in terms of baking, retrogradation and microstructural aspects in frozen dough bread.RESULTSThe incorporation of MLP improved the specific volume and reduced the hardness of bread during room storage, with 1% MLP showing the best results. The results of X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that crystallinity was decreased and the formation of double helical structure was inhibited with the incorporation of MLP. Meanwhile, the results of low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated that the addition of MLP was advantageous for retarding water migration and distribution, with reduced water loss. It can be seen intuitively from scanning electron microscopy that MLP improved the gluten network with a smoother and flatter system.CONCLUSIONMLP improved the quality of bread during storage and delayed the degradation of internal structure, and can be used as an effective natural additive to improve the storage stability of baked food. 1% MLP showed the best results. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chiral analysis of β‐alanyl‐d,l‐tyrosine and its derivatives and estimation of binding constants of their complexes with 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Sázelová Petra , Šolínová Veronika , Schimperková Tereza , Jiráček Jiří , Kašička Václav 
Published: April 2022

Chiral CE methods were developed for the elucidation of l‐ or d‐configuration of tyrosine residue in antimicrobial dipeptide β‐alanyl‐tyrosine (β‐Ala‐Tyr) isolated from the hemolymph of larvae of fleshfly Neobellieria bullata and for the evaluation of enantiopurity of its synthetic isomers (β‐Ala‐d‐Tyr and β‐Ala‐l‐Tyr), and enantiomers of their amidated and acetylated derivatives, β‐Ala‐d,l‐Tyr‐NH2 and N‐Ac‐β‐Ala‐d,l‐Tyr, respectively. Baseline separations were achieved for all three pairs of enantiomers: (i) for β‐Ala‐d,l‐Tyr in acidic background electrolyte composed of 32/50 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane/H3PO4, pH 2.5, and 20 mg/mL 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector; (ii) for β‐Ala‐d,l‐Tyr‐NH2 enantiomers in acidic background electrolyte consisting of 48/50 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane/H3PO4, pH 3.5, and 30 mg/mL 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin; and (iii) for enantiomers of N‐Ac‐β‐Ala‐d,l‐Tyr in alkaline background electrolyte composed of 50/49 mM Na2B4O7/NaOH, pH 10.5, and 60 mg/mL 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin. From CE analyses of mixed samples of isolated β‐Ala‐Tyr and synthetic standards β‐Ala‐l‐Tyr and β‐Ala‐d‐Tyr, it turned out that isolated β‐Ala‐Tyr was pure l‐enantiomer. In addition, the average apparent binding constants, Kb, and average actual ionic mobilities of the complexes of β‐Ala‐d,l‐Tyr and its above derivatives with 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin were determined. These complexes were weak, with Kb values ranging from 11.2 to 79.1 L/mol. Their cationic mobilities were equal to (5.6–9.2) × 10–9 m2/V/s, and anionic mobilities to (‐1.3–1.6) × 10–9 m2/V/s.
Effects of planting quinoa on soil properties and microbiome in saline soil
Authors: Hu Huiying , Shao Tianyuan , Gao Xiumei , Long Xiaohua , Rengel Zed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuinoa is widely cultivated for its nutritional value and its high tolerance to environmental problems. Our study was conducted at two planting densities (LD, 10 plants/m2; HD, 65 plants/m2) on ameliorated coastal mudflats in Jiangsu Province, China. The microbial composition in soil was determined by high‐throughput sequencing technology, and root metabolites were determined by a liquid chromatograph‐mass spectrometer (LC–MS). The results showed soil salinity and organic matter were higher at the HD than LD treatment and compared with the non‐rhizosphere (bulk) soil, the salinity of the rhizosphere soil was higher. Quinoa grown at HD was taller, with thicker stalks and lower yields per plant, but higher yield per unit area. Amplicon sequencing showed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Acidobacteria accounted for the absolute majority. Regarding the rhizosphere soil, the Shannon index was higher in the HD than LD, and Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were more abundant in the HD treatment. Fifty‐one differential metabolites were identified by metabolomic assays, belonging to 14 annotated metabolic pathways. S‐adenosylmethionine was the most abundant and up‐regulated metabolite (fold change >1.67), and was more abundant in the roots from the LD than in HD treatment. Docosahexaenoic acid was more abundant in the HD than LD treatment, and was a down‐regulated metabolite. In conclusion, planting density was an important factor affecting quinoa yield; compared with unplanted soil, planting quinoa at low density increased the content of the important metabolite S‐adenosylmethionine in the root system of quinoa, and high‐density cultivation of quinoa increased soil salinity and microbial abundance and diversity.