bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of magnification factor by Galilean loupes on working posture of dental students in simulated clinical procedures: associations between direct and observational measurements
Authors: Pazos Júlia Margato , Regalo Simone Cecilio Hallak , de Vasconcelos Paulo , Campos Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini , Garcia Patricia Petromilli Nordi Sasso 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
To determine the effect of different levels of Galilean loupe magnification on working posture as measured by compliance with ergonomic posture positions, angular deviation from the neutral position of the neck, and muscle activation in the neck and upper back region during simulated clinical conditions.

Methods
An experimental laboratory study was performed in which the dependent variables were compliance with ergonomic posture requirements while performing simulated restorative procedures in Restorative Dentistry, angular deviation from the neutral position of the neck, and muscle activation in the neck and upper back. The independent variable was the level of Galilean loupe magnification, which was tested at four levels (naked eye, 2.5× magnification, 3.0× magnification, and 3.5× magnification). The cavity preparations and Class I composite resin restorations were performed on artificial first molars on a mannequin in a dental chair. The Compliance Assessment of Dental Ergonomic Posture Requirements (CADEP) was used for the postural analysis; as was an analysis of the angular deviation from the neutral position of the neck and surface electromyography. Working posture was recorded on video over the course of the procedure. Participants were filmed from three different angles. The Compliance Assessment of Dental Ergonomic Posture Requirements (CADEP) assessed compliance with ergonomic posture requirements. A locally produced posture assessment software analyzed angular deviation. Surface electromyography bilaterally assessed activation of the sternocleidomastoid, descending trapezius and ascending trapezius muscles. Two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and either Tukey’s post-hoc test or the Games-Howell post-hoc test were performed (α = 0.05).

Results
During the cavity preparations and restorations, the use of Galilean loupes at all magnifications positively influenced working posture as measured by participants’ compliance with ergonomic posture positions (p < 0.01) and neck angulation (p < 0.01); the use of these loupes did not affect muscle activation in the regions evaluated (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The use of Galilean loupes had a positive effect on dental students’ working posture during the restoration procedures performed.
Effect of precipitation change on the photosynthetic performance of Phragmites australis under elevated temperature conditions
Authors: Teng Linhong , Liu Hanyu , Chu Xiaonan , Song Xiliang , Shi Lianhui 
Published: March 2022

Background
As a fundamental metabolism, leaf photosynthesis not only provides necessary energy for plant survival and growth but also plays an important role in global carbon fixation. However, photosynthesis is highly susceptible to environmental stresses and can be significantly influenced by future climate change.

Methods
In this study, we examined the photosynthetic responses of Phragmites australis (P. australis) to three precipitation treatments (control, decreased 30%, and increased 30%) under two thermal regimes (ambient temperature and +4 °C) in environment-controlled chambers.

Results
Our results showed that the net CO2 assimilation rate (Pn), maximal rate of Rubisco (Vcmax), maximal rate of ribulose-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration (Jmax) and chlorophyll (Chl) content were enhanced under increased precipitation condition, but were declined drastically under the condition of water deficit. The increased precipitation had no significant effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p > 0.05), but water deficit drastically enhanced the MDA content by 10.1%. Meanwhile, a high temperature inhibited the positive effects of increased precipitation, aggravated the adverse effects of drought. The combination of high temperature and water deficit had more detrimental effect on P. australis than a single factor. Moreover, non-stomatal limitation caused by precipitation change played a major role in determining carbon assimilation rate. Under ambient temperature, Chl content had close relationship with Pn (R2 = 0.86, p < 0.01). Under high temperature, Pn was ralated to MDA content (R2 = 0.81, p < 0.01). High temperature disrupted the balance between Vcmax and Jmax (the ratio of Jmax to Vcmax decreased from 1.88 to 1.12) which resulted in a negative effect on the photosynthesis of P. australis. Furthermore, by the analysis of Chl fluorescence, we found that the xanthophyll cycle-mediated thermal dissipation played a major role in PSII photoprotection, resulting in no significant change on actual PSII quantum yield (ΦPSII) under both changing precipitation and high temperature conditions.

Conclusions
Our results highlight the significant role of precipitation change in regulating the photosynthetic performance of P. australis under elevated temperature conditions, which may exacerbate the drought-induced primary productivity reduction of P. australis under future climate scenarios.
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Employee Retention in an Apparel Industry in Puttalam District
Authors: Shamila L. M. A. 
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to see how corporate social responsibility impacts on employee retention in an Apparel industry in Puttalam district. In recent years, the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gotten a lot of attention. It provides businesses with a valuable strategy for retaining employees and is viewed as a source of competitive advantage. Data was collected using a research method, questionnaire survey. This research found that, the majority Garment Industries consider their CSR to society and CSR to their working environment undertaking various measures to conserve resources as well as retain their employees within the organization. Garment Industries provided little support to most internal CSR practices identified in this study. The conceptualization of the study demonstrated independent variables (Corporate Social Responsibility) of Economic responsibility, Ethical responsibility, Legal responsibility and Philanthropic responsibility how to effect on dependent variable of Employee retention.
A quantitative analysis was conducted with 100 of sample. The data was collected though distributing questionnaire among respondent. Further, univariate analysis and bivariate analysis were carried out through SPSS (21.0). The findings revealed that CSR and Employee Retention are in high level and Corporate Social Responsibility moderately and positively influence on Employee Retention. Furthermore, study found that there was positive and significant relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Retention in an Apparel Industry in Puttalam district. The recommendations were provided, in order to further improvement in highest returns to their stakeholders, comply with all state laws and regulations, be compromise ethical norms of the society to achieve corporate goals, Strive to provide community betterment. This study will be more beneficial both existing apparel industries and newly joint who will be doing the business in apparel sector in Sri Lanka.
Elemental composition of Dust Particles and Influence of Dust Addition on Photovoltaic Module Performance
Authors: McAsule A. A. , Gesa F. N. , Akiiga N. S. , Kungur S. T. , Igbawua T. , Ikyumbur J. T. , Aondoakaa S. I. , Daniel T. 
Published: March 2022

There is an excellence prospective for solar power practice in Nigeria by engaging solar photovoltaic (PV) units. Addition of dust on solar antennae and PV elements is a pronounced worry owing to different dust particles fouling on the module. The recitals of such devices are considerably suffering from dust addition. Dust samples involved during this study came from ash, cement, rice husk, brick dust, and sand. This paper therefore, reports the outcome of a research work on the elemental composition of dust particles and influence of dust addition on the maximum power, efficiency and performance ratio of a 3 W polycrystalline solar PV module. The electron dispersive x-ray analysis of the collected dust samples revealed silicon having the highest percentage weight composition while sulfur and nitrogen records 0 % in most of the sample apart from rice husk. The experimental measurements were conducted outdoor under 470, 715 and 756 W/m2 solar irradiation levels. Results indicated that dust addition on the solar PV module negatively affects the output power with cement dust proffering highest effect due to high percentage weight of carbon present in it. The research work revealed that solar PV modules polluted by dust particles for a period of time experienced a significant decrease in their efficiency and performance during operation. Accordingly, it is recommended that installed PV modules be cleaned routinely as dust particles hid on the solar panel naturally. Many areas have to be covered in future like construction sites, agricultural land and many more as solar power is growing exponentially in Nigeria.
Comparative Study of the Adsorption of Crude Oil from Surface Water Using Esterified Rice Husk and Saw Dust
Authors: Maxwell Onoh Ikechukwu , Ngozi Agu Evangeline , Nnaemeka Igwilo Christopher 
Published: March 2022

The comparative adsorption of crude oil from water surface using sawdust and rice husk absorbents was carried out. The sawdust and rice husk were carbonized and further modified with stearic acid. The prepared adsorbents were characterized using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, proximate and physiochemical analysis. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of the initial oil concentration, the dosage of the adsorbents, temperature, pH and contact time on the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents and percentage sorption of the crude oil. The characterization results obtained showed that the surface modification through carbonization and stearic acid activation improved the physiochemical properties of sawdust and rice husk respectively. The FTIR results revealed that the biomass samples have numerous functional groups and the major functional groups present are O-H, N-H, N-CH3, C=C-C, C-Cl, Si-O-Si. The SEM results also showed that carbonization and stearic acid activation of the saw dust and rice husk were able to effect surface modification of the prepared adsorbents by the removal of volatile matters; improvement of porosity hence the improvement of their surface areas respectively. The process parameters investigated were found to influence the adsorption capacity of the absorbents respectively and subsequently the percentage sorption of the crude oil.
Meanwhile, the results of the percentage sorption of sawdust and rice husk samples, based on the average weight of oil adsorbed; show 96.577% and 67.327% as their respective adsorption efficiency. Hence, the comparative adsorption efficiency of the carbonized and esterified saw dust and rice husk absorbents, showed that esterified saw dust adsorbent performed better than the esterified rice husk adsorbent.
Effect of Intrathecal Dexmedtomidine as an Adjuvant for Cesarean Section: A Review
Authors: Bajaj Radhika , Singam Amol 
Published: March 2022

Background: Intrathecal dexmedetomidine has been used in spinal anesthesia during caesarean sections. The purpose of this review article was to investigate the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on the adverse reactions of spinal anesthesia during cesarean section.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine as a neuraxial adjuvant for elective caesarean section.
Methods: We did a literature search assessing the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant in elective caesarean section in PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO and GOOGLE library databases.
Results: 11 Randomized control trials were included. Overall, compared with control intervention in patients with elective cesarean section, dexmedetomidine intervention could significantly improve the characteristics of the block, including onset of sensory block, duration of the sensory block and duration of the motor block. Additionally, when compared with control group dexmedetomidine could prolong time to rescue analgesiaThe incidence of shivering in the dexmedetomidine group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The incidences of nausea and vomiting, bradycardia, hypotension and pruritus were not different between the two groups.
Conclusion: Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine can effectively improve the characteristics of the block, prolong time to rescue analgesia, and reduce the occurrence of shivering during cesarean section, but it does not affect the occurrence of nausea and vomiting, bradycardia or hypotension.
Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria in Tissues of Diseased Chicken in Chitwan District, Nepal
Authors: Poudel Saraswati , Thapa Alina , Pokharel Sharmila , Dhakal Ranju , Subedi Sadikshya , Shrestha Anil , Rai Lakh Kumar , Bajracharya Anup Muni 
Published: March 2022

For increasing productivity in poultry, antibiotics are overused. This increased use in antibiotics has raise the prevalence of Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria in poultry. Treatment of chicken infected with MDR bacteria is difficult to achieve, thereby increasing treatment cost and productivity cost. MDR bacteria of poultry can also infect humans if they are not handled properly. Thus, the purpose of this study was to find bacteria responsible for infecting chicken and prevalence of MDR bacteria in diseased chicken. Out of total 516 diseased chicken, 212(41.09%) chicken were infected by bacteria. The prevalence of E. coli (63.2%) was high in diseased chicken followed by Salmonella spp. (12.26%), Pseudomonas spp. (5.2%) and, Pasteurella spp. (4.7%). Out of total number of isolates, the prevalence of MDR was 42.5 %. This study also showed that Pasteurella spp. isolates had high MDR with prevalence of 50%. It is thus concluded that there was high prevalence of MDR bacteria among diseased chicken in Chitwan district.
Paracandidimonas
Authors: Nunes Olga C. , Manaia Célia M. , Vaz‐Moreira Ivone 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Paracandidimonas
(Pa.ra.can.di.di.mo'nas. Gr. prep.
para
like; N.L. fem. n.
Candidimonas
bacterial genus name; N.L. fem. n.
Paracandidimonas
a bacterium like
Candidimonas
).

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Alcaligenaceae / Paracandidimonas

Rods
, non‐spore‐forming, and Gram‐staining‐negative.
Aerobic
or facultatively aerobic chemoorganotrophic metabolism. Motility and the presence of cytochrome
c
oxidase test are variable traits.
Mesophilic
with optimal growth at 20–25°C or 30°C. The major respiratory quinone is
ubiquinone 8
, and the DNA G + C content is 56.8–63.9 mol%. Putrescine and 2‐hydroxyputrescine are the major polyamines. Polar lipids and fatty acids composition is variable among species. Phylogenetically, belongs to the family
Alcaligenaceae
. The genus includes two species, the type species
Paracandidimonas soli
and
Paracandidimonas caeni
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63.9 (fluorimetric thermal denaturation); 56.8–62.5 (whole‐genome sequencing).

Type species
:
Paracandidimonas soli
Kämpfer et al. 2017
VP
.
Oleiharenicola
Authors: Rochman Fauziah F. , Tran Triet , Dunfield Peter F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

O.le.i.ha.re.ni
'
co.la. L. neut. n.
oleum
, oil; L. fem. n.
harena
, sand; L. suffix ‐
cola
, inhabitant, dweller; N.L. masc. n.
Oleiharenicola
defines an inhabitant of oil sands wastewater.

Verrucomicrobiota / Opitutae / Opitutales / Opitutaceae / Oleiharenicola

The genus
Oleiharenicola
consists of two described species of strictly aerobic chemoorganotrophic bacteria:
Oleiharenicola alkalitolerans
and
Oleiharenicola lentus
. Cells are Gram‐negative, non‐spore‐forming, and nonpigmented cocci or diplococci (0.5–1.5 μm in diameter). The two species, and some closely related strains described in nontaxonomic literature, were all isolated from terrestrial freshwater or wastewater environments. The type strain
Oleiharenicola alkalitolerans
NVT
T
was isolated from the tailings pond of an oil sands mining operation (hence the genus name), and
Oleiharenicola lentus
TWA‐58
T
from agricultural irrigation water, while closely related bacteria (originally dubbed “Lacunisphaera,” but probably
Oleiharenicola
spp.) have also been isolated from a freshwater lake. Bacteria of the genus
Oleiharenicola
are mesophilic (optimum 25–37°C) and neutrophilic (optimum pH 6–8), but
O. alkalitolerans
tolerates alkaline conditions up to pH 11. Cells reproduce by normal cell division and occur mainly as single cells or pairs. Their carbon and energy sources include several sugars, polysaccharides, and organic acids. The DNA G + C content is 65.3–66.1 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone is MK‐7, while anteiso‐C
15:0
and iso‐C
15:0
are the major cellular fatty acids. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the genus belongs to the family
Opitutaceae
of the phylum
Verrucomicrobiota
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 65.3–66.1.

Type species
:
Oleiharenicola alkalitolerans
Rochman et al. 2018
VP
.
Synchronous Passivation of Defects with Low Formation Energies via Terdentate Anchoring Enabling High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 24%
Authors: Zhao Wenhao , Guo Pengfei , Su Jie , Fang Zhiyu , Jia Ning , Liu Chen , Ye Linfeng , Ye Qian , Chang Jingjing , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ionic nature endows halide perovskites with intrinsic interfacial defects in the formed polycrystalline films, thus imposing the challenge of synchronously passivating these defects with low formation energies that directly account for the unsatisfied performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). By virtue of the theoretically proven capability of a three to four times enhancement of the formation energy of each defect of Pb‐I antisite (PbI) and iodine vacancy (VI), a new passivation molecule of 1,10‐phenanthrolin‐5‐amine (PAA) is intentionally explored to synchronously passivate the dual defects. The pronounced passivation effect is experimentally verified by the sharp enhancement of the open‐circuit voltage in ternary PSCs from the original 1.118 up to 1.207 V, as well as the construction of PAA‐modified formamidinium lead iodide PSCs with a champion efficiency up to 24.06%, thus providing a universal alternative of addressing interfacial charge carrier dynamics and operational stability of PSCs that are bothered by the multiple interfacial defects.
Toward Structural Learning and Enhanced YOLOv4 Network for Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Wang Kun , Liu Maozhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the maturity of technological tools such as satellites and airplanes, object detection in optical remote sensing images have been widely used in military and civilian fields. Due to the interference of extensive multi‐scale targets and complex backgrounds, the existing algorithms are still limited, especially for small‐scale targets. To solve this problem, a high‐precision remote sensing detection method based on the advanced YOLOv4 framework is proposed. First, a clustering algorithm that combines knowledge of object scales to generate a priori anchor boxes with a higher matching degree is proposed. The feature extension module is designed to expand the receptive field of the backbone network and capture important contextual information. After that, coordinate attention (CA) is introduced to suppress the extra noise under multi‐scale fusion that is rarely noticed in previous work. In addition, a convolutional idea of self‐learning structure has also been novelly proposed and combined with a high‐resolution network to efficiently enhance the performance of the network under limited computing resources. Finally, detailed experiments are performed on the HRRSD dataset. The experimental results show that the network has a more satisfactory superiority, and it is conducive to the advancement of optical remote sensing technology.
Fluorinated Graphene Contacts and Passivation Layer for MoS2 Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Ryu Huije , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Kwon Junyoung , Park Sang Kyu , Lee Wanggon , Seo Hyungtak , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kim SunPhil , van der Zande Arend M. , Son Jangyup , Lee Gwan‐Hyoung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRealizing a future of 2D semiconductor‐based devices requires new approaches to channel passivation and nondestructive contact engineering. Here, a facile one‐step technique is shown that simultaneously utilizes monolayer fluorinated graphene (FG) as the passivation layer and contact buffer layer to 2D semiconductor transistors. Monolayer graphene is transferred onto the MoS2, followed by fluorination by XeF2 gas exposure. Metal electrodes for source and drain are fabricated on top of FG‐covered MoS2 regions. The MoS2 transistor is perfectly passivated by insulating FG layer and, in the contacts, FG layer also acts as an efficient charge injection layer, leading to the formation of Ohmic contacts and high carrier mobility of up to 64 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. This work shows a novel strategy for simultaneous fabrication of passivation layer and low‐resistance contacts by using ultrathin functionalized graphene, which has applications for high performance 2D semiconductor integrated electronics.
A Versatile Planar Building Block with C2V Symmetry for High‐Performance Non‐Halogenated Solvent Processable Polymer Donors
Authors: Wang Hang , Lu Hao , Chen Ya‐Nan , Zhang Andong , Liu Yuqiang , Li Dawei , Liu Yahui , Xu Xinjun , Bo Zhishan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlanar building block B2TCl with C2V symmetry configuration is designed to prepare polymer donors (PB2TCl‐o and PB2TCl‐i) with good solubility in non‐halogenated solvents. When blended with BTP‐ec9‐4F, PB2TCl‐o‐based devices processed by 1,2‐dimethylbenzene (o‐DMB) give a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.10% with a Voc of 0.89 V, a Jsc of 24.37 mA cm–2, and an fill factor of 69.69%. Semitransparent OSCs based on PB2TCl‐o:BTP‐ec9‐4 can afford a PCE of 9.09% with an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 23.9% and an AT of 24.2%. B2TCl‐o is also used as a third component to prepare random terpolymers PW1 and PW2. Using o‐DMB as the processing solvent, PW1 and PW2‐based devices give improved PCEs of 16.26% and 17.19%, respectively, which are much higher than the parent polymers (PM6 and D18). This work provides a versatile building block B2TCl‐o for the preparation of non‐halogen solvent processable high‐performance polymer donor materials.