bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetabular paralabral cysts demonstrating perineural propagation
Authors: Hynes John , Chabra Avneesh , Guirguis Mina , Kavanagh Eoin 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Acetabular paralabral cysts are common and are almost always associated with labral tears. Uncommonly, they extend into the periacetabular soft tissues or may propagate along peripheral nerves causing pain and hip dysfunction. The aim was to evaluate the clinical and MRI presentations of such cases including perineural propagation.

Methods:
Retrospective cross-sectional study with a search of electronic health records for cases of acetabular paralabral cysts demonstrating perineural propagation was performed. Clinical and MR imaging features were tabulated after re-review by experienced musculoskeletal radiologists, and available outcomes were recorded. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results:
14 cases were recorded. The mean age was 56.9 years (range = 30–79 years) and female:male ratio was 1:2.6. The commonest presenting complaint was hip pain (10/14, 71.4%). Other complaints included groin pain, perineal pain and hip dysfunction. No symptoms were attributed to the acetabular paralabral cyst in 3/14 patients (21.4%). None had foot drop. The cysts were multilocular in all cases and were homogenously T2 hyperintense in 13/14 (92.9%). Labral tears were identified in 11/14 cases (78.6%). The sciatic nerve was most commonly involved in 5/14 cases (35.7%) with the obturator, medial femoral cutaneous nerve, femoral nerve, superior and inferior gluteal nerves also affected.
No intervention was undertaken in 9/14 cases (64.3%). 5/14 (35.7%) underwent image guided aspiration and corticosteroid injection. 4/5 such patients reported reduced pain following the procedure.

Conclusion:
Paralabral cysts demonstrating perineural propagation are uncommon and exhibit varied presentations. Most patients who underwent image-guided or surgical interventions reported an improvement in symptoms.

Advances in knowledge.:
This is the first description of a series of patients with acetabular paralabral cysts demonstrating perineural propagation in the literature. A comprehensive description of their clinical and imaging characteristics and interventions/outcomes where relevant is provided.
Breast cancer risk predictions by birth cohort and ethnicity in a population-based screening mammography program
Authors: Epp Joyce , Rajapakshe Rasika 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To examine whether birth cohorts affect the risk of breast cancer for East Asian, First Nations, African, South Asian and Caucasian ethnicities in British Columbia (BC).

Methods:
We used Cox PH models adjusted for well-known risk factors, such as age, breast density, mammographic features on false positives, and family history, to examine risk of breast cancer among East Asian, First Nations, African and South Asian ethnicities, relative to Caucasian, across three birth cohorts.

Results:
There were 813,280 participants and 11,166 in situ and invasive breast cancer diagnoses. East Asians screened in BC were found to have a lower risk of breast cancer in the birth cohort born pre-1946 compared to Caucasian, but there was no statistically significant decrease for East Asians born after 1946. First Nations had an increased risk of breast cancer compared with Caucasian for all birth cohorts ranging from 1.1 to 2.0x the risk, which was statistically significant for those born after 1965. South Asians showed a statistically significant decrease in risk ranging from 0.58 to 0.81x lower compared with Caucasians for all birth cohorts.

Conclusion:
Risk of breast cancer for South Asians living in BC was found to be lower than Caucasians for each birth cohort examined, while East Asians had a comparable risk of breast cancer, First Nations had a consistently higher risk than Caucasians.

Advances in knowledge:
When accounting for birth cohort, compared to Caucasians, South Asians have a decreased risk, First Nations have an increased risk, and East Asians have a similar risk of breast cancer.
Prostatic artery occlusion versus prostatic artery embolisation for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia: early results in a canine model
Authors: Lucas-Cava Vanesa , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco Miguel , Dávila-Gómez Luis , Lima-Rodríguez Juan Rafael , Sun Fei 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To compare the technical efficacy and safety between prostatic artery occlusion (PAO) with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) and prostatic artery embolizsation (PAE) with microspheres in a canine model.

Methods:
17 adult male beagles underwent PAO (n = 7) with Onyx-18 or PAE (n = 10) with microspheres (300–500 µm). To evaluate the primary outcomes (technical efficacy and safety), MRI evaluations were performed immediately before and 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month after procedures to document prostate volume (PV); and all dogs were inspected for procedure-related complications during 1 month follow-up. The secondary outcomes included the prostate ischaemia size detected by MRI and recanalisation of prostatic artery by follow-up angiography. Differences between groups were statistically analysed.

Results:
Both procedures were bilaterally successful in all animals. Compared with PAE, the mean fluoroscopy time (23.80 vs 36.24 min, p = 0.014) and radiation dose (68.19 vs 125.26 mGy, p = 0.003) were significantly less in PAO procedure. The mean percentage of PV change significantly decreased in both groups at 2 weeks (30.71% vs  37.89%) and 1 month (56.41% %vs 55.56%) after PAO and PAE respectively), without significant differences between groups at either time point. No major complications were observed except one animal after PAO with transient haematuria and acute urinary retention. The mean prostate ischaemia induced by PAO was significant greater compared with PAE at 1 week (43.44% vs 18.91%, p=0.001). PAO with EVOH is technically feasible and with comparable efficacy and safety with PAE. There are possible benefits to PAO over PAE.

Advances in knowledge:
A new technical modification of the PAE consisting of the use of liquid embolic agent to occlude the prostatic artery trunk and its branches has been developed in pre-clinical study, showing to be an effective and safe procedure which can induce a significant prostate shrinkage for the management of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients. In addition, the findings have showed a similar therapeutic effect comparable with the conventional PAE using microspheres.
Comparison of outcome of Ponseti method with traditional clubfoot treatment in children up to five years of age at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Yaqeen Ayesha , Sidra Hafiza , Ijaz Muhammad Abdullah , Ijaz Muhammad Muneeb 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of Ponseti treatment with the traditional treatment method for clubfoot.
Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the orthopedic department of Nishtar Medical Hospital & University Multan for one year. The study included 40 children (29 clubfeet) treated with conventional treatment (pre-Ponseti group) who were compared with 55 Ponseti-treated children (72 clubfeet) (Ponseti group). All children were aged under five years. The traditional treatment involved casting and surgery (if required). All the participants were evaluated by a single orthopedic surgeon. The questionnaire was administered to the parents to collect relevant data. X-ray studies were conducted of all feet and patients’ records were checked for surgical history.
Results: Children in the pre-Ponseti group had a significantly higher number of surgeries (54) than those in Ponseti group eight. According to the reports of the parents, children in Ponseti group had significantly better motion in the ankle, lesser pain, and higher satisfaction (p<0.05.whereas, the pre-Ponseti group had a higher incidence of moderate or severe talar flattening rate (p=0.01).
Conclusion: Ponseti treatment is better than earlier treatment in terms of lesser need of surgeries, higher flexibility of ankle or foot, and lower presence of X-ray guided talar flattening.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5519
How to cite this:Yaqeen A, Sidra H, Ijaz MA, Ijaz MM. Comparison of outcome of Ponseti method with traditional clubfoot treatment in children up to five years of age at tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5519
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Deflating abdominal pseudocyst causing temporary normalization of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction
Authors: Algahtany Mubarak Ali , Kojadinovic Zeljko , Algahtany Aws 
Published: June 2022

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS)-related abdominal pseudocyst (APC) is a rare cause of shunt malfunction. Variable VPS function due to APC has not been described before. A 21-year-old male with hydrocephalus and bilateral VPS presented with a right-sided shunt malfunction. After a routine abdominal ultrasound (US), that proved to be unremarkable, the patient had a clinical and radiological improvement followed by a relapse. An abdominal computed tomography scan subsequently showed an APC around the peritoneal catheter tip. Laparoscopic intervention on the APC cured the shunt malfunction. We believe that the APC emptied during the compression involved while performing the abdominal US. The pseudocyst collapse led to missing it on the abdominal US and explains the short-lived clinical and radiological improvement. We introduce the concept of APC-related variable VPS function, discuss the possible mechanisms by which the pseudocyst deflated, and make suggestions toward this diagnostic problem.
Key Messages: A collapsible abdominal pseudocyst could result in a variable ventriculoperitoneal shunt function. Starting the abdominal ultrasound examination over the location of the peritoneal catheter tip may overcome the collapse. Contrasted computed tomography is superior to ultrasound in diagnosing the pseudocyst.
Abbreviations:APC: Abdominal pseudocyst, CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid, CT: Computed tomography,MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging, US: Ultrasound, VPS: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.6278
How to cite this:Algahtany MA, Kojadinovic Z, Algahtany A. Deflating abdominal pseudocyst causing temporary normalization of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.6278
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Dynamic Optimal Reinsurance and Dividend Payout in Finite Time Horizon
Authors: Guan Chonghu , Xu Zuo Quan , Zhou Rui 
Published: June 2022

This paper studies a dynamic optimal reinsurance and dividend-payout problem for an insurance company in a finite time horizon. The goal of the company is to maximize the expected cumulative discounted dividend payouts until bankruptcy or maturity, whichever comes earlier. The company is allowed to buy reinsurance contracts dynamically over the whole time horizon to cede its risk exposure with other reinsurance companies. This is a mixed singular–classical stochastic control problem, and the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation is a variational inequality with a fully nonlinear operator and subject to a gradient constraint. We obtain the [Formula: see text] smoothness of the value function and a comparison principle for its gradient function by the penalty approximation method so that one can establish an efficient numerical scheme to compute the value function. We find that the surplus-time space can be divided into three nonoverlapping regions by a risk-magnitude and time-dependent reinsurance barrier and a time-dependent dividend-payout barrier. The insurance company should be exposed to a higher risk as its surplus increases, be exposed to the entire risk once its surplus upward crosses the reinsurance barrier, and pay out all its reserves exceeding the dividend-payout barrier. The estimated localities of these regions are also provided. Funding: This work was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council [Grants GRF 15202421 and GRF 15202817], the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [Grants 2021A1515012031 and 2022A1515010263], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 11901244 and 11971409], the PolyU-SDU Joint Research Center on Financial Mathematics, the CAS AMSS-PolyU Joint Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, and Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
A mother's perspective of consent for maternal and neonatal COVID-19 testing: can we do more?
Authors: East Natalie Anne , Ramaiah Sunitha , Morris Kimberley , Pathak Sangeeta 
Published: June 2022

Background There is ongoing research on the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and whether vertical viral transmission occurs. Aims This study aimed to determine maternal opinions of COVID-19 testing for pregnant women and newborns in order to influence future clinical practice while advancing global knowledge of the impact of testing on patient experiences. Methods This service evaluation assessed the opinions of 292 pregnant women who were tested for COVID-19 along with their newborn babies using nasopharyngeal swabs and the SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test between 28 April and 21 May 2020. Results Many women felt their own (60%) and their baby's (61%) swab was compulsory and did not feel sufficiently informed about the risks and benefits for themselves (43%) or their baby (52%) being tested. Some women did not understand the implications of a positive test for themselves (43%) or their baby (42%). Most participants reported they would agree to themselves (97%) and their baby (86%) being tested in future pregnancies. Conclusion Communication to pregnant women regarding the COVID-19 swabbing process is critical and requires improvement. This service evaluation highlighted where women felt under-informed. These areas should be covered in more detail for consenting women for COVID-19 testing in future.
Exploring the individual experiences of LGBT+ patients with general practice staff: an interview-based study
Authors: Whyman Sophie , Lorito Claudio Di 
Published: June 2022

In this qualitative study, Sophie Whyman and Claudio Di Lorito explore the experiences of LGBT+ patients in general practice Background: General practitioners (GPs) are usually the first port of call for health-related issues. The attitudes and behaviours of staff working in general practice can influence patient outcomes and access to services. Aims: This study aimed to explore the experiences of LGBT+ patients with staff working in general practice. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with LGBT+ participants recruited through the York LGBT Forum and social media and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Six participants were included. The participants reported mixed experiences, which had a great impact on their disclosure, treatment outcomes and future service access. Recommended improvements included standardised training and administrative changes. Conclusion: There is a need for standardised NHS-wide inclusiveness training to support staff in general practice to better understand non-heteronormative experiences in their clinical practice.
Appropriateness of the current parasitological control target for hookworm morbidity: A statistical analysis of individual-level data
Authors: Malizia Veronica , Giardina Federica , de Vlas Sake J. , Coffeng Luc E. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Soil-transmitted helminths affect almost 2 billion people globally. Hookworm species contribute to most of the related morbidity. Hookworms mainly cause anaemia, due to blood loss at the site of the attachment of the adult worms to the human intestinal mucosa. The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to eliminate hookworm morbidity by 2030 through achieving a prevalence of moderate and heavy intensity (M&HI) infections below 2%. In this paper, we aim to assess the suitability of this threshold to reflect hookworm-attributable morbidity.

Methodology/Principal findings
We developed a hierarchical statistical model to simulate individual haemoglobin concentrations in association with hookworm burdens, accounting for low haemoglobin values attributable to other causes. The model was fitted to individual-level data within a Bayesian framework. Then, we generated different endemicity settings corresponding to infection prevalence ranging from 10% to 90% (0% to 55% M&HI prevalence), using 1, 2 or 4 Kato-Katz slides. For each scenario, we estimated the prevalence of anaemia due to hookworm. Our results showed that on average, haemoglobin falls below the WHO threshold for anaemia when intensities are above 2000 eggs per gram of faeces. For the different simulated scenarios, the estimated prevalence of anaemia attributable to hookworm ranges from 0% to 30% (95%-PI: 24% - 36%) being mainly associated to the prevalence of M&HI infections. Simulations show that a 2% prevalence of M&HI infections in adults corresponds to a prevalence of hookworm-attributable anaemia lower than 1%.

Conclusions/Significance
Our results support the use of the current WHO thresholds of 2% prevalence of M&HI as a proxy for hookworm morbidity. A single Kato-Katz slide may be sufficient to assess the achievement of the morbidity target. Further studies are needed to elucidate haemoglobin dynamics pre- and post- control, ideally using longitudinal data in adults and children.
Blunted cardiovascular effects of beta-blockers in patients with cirrhosis: Relation to severity?
Authors: Nabilou Puria , Danielsen Karen Vagner , Kimer Nina , Hove Jens Dahlgaard , Bendtsen Flemming , Møller Søren 
Published: June 2022

Aims
Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension are at high risk of developing complications such as variceal hemorrhage, ascites, and cardiac dysfunction, the latter of which is known as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Since non-selective beta-blockers (NSBB) may aggravate hemodynamic complications we investigated the effect of real-time propranolol infusion on cardiac function in patients with varying degrees of cirrhosis.

Methods
Thirty-eight patients with Child-Pugh A (n = 17), B (n = 17) and C (n = 4) underwent liver vein catheterization and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed the effect of real-time propranolol infusion on the hepatic venous pressure gradient, cardiac index, stroke volume, ejection fraction, heart rate, and contractility.

Results
Nineteen patients were classified as responders to beta-blocker therapy. In pooling Child-Pugh B and C patients, the reduction in cardiac index by beta-blockade was weaker than in Child-Pugh A patients (-8.5% vs. -20.5%, p = 0.043). The effect of NSBB on portal pressure was inversely correlated to changes in the left atrium where the left atrial volume changed by 4 mL±18 in responders compared to 15 mL±11 in non-responders (p = 0.03). Finally, the baseline ejection fraction correlated inversely with the reduction in portal pressure (r = -0.39, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
We found the effect of beta-blockade on cardiac index in patients with advanced cirrhosis to be less potent than in patients with early cirrhosis, indicating that underlying cirrhotic cardiomyopathy increases, and the cardiac compensatory reserve becomes more compromised, with disease progression. The differential effects of beta-blockade in the left atrium may be used to predict the effect of beta-blockers on portal pressure, but further studies are needed to investigate this possibility.
Geographical risk pattern and temporal trends in incidence of HPV-related cancers in northern Thailand: A population-based study
Authors: Sripan Patumrat , Pongnikorn Donsuk , Chitapanarux Imjai , Tangmunkongvorakul Arunrat , Daoprasert Karnchana , Aurpibul Linda , Waisri Narate , Maneesai Puttachart , Wannavongs Galyarath , Suwanvanichkij Voravit , Srithanaviboonchai Kriengkrai 
Published: June 2022

Background
The burden of HPV-related cancers in different regions worldwide varies according to several factors. This study aims to measure inequality in the risk of incidence of HPV-related cancers in term of geographical risk patterns in northern Thailand using a population-based cancer registry data.

Methods
Trends in age-standardized HPV-related cancer incidence were calculated for the 2008–2017 time period. The Besag-York-Molli´e model was used to explore the spatial distribution of the relative risk (RR) of HPV-related cancers at the district level. A higher RR reflects a larger disparity. The geographical risk pattern of the diseases in two periods, 2008–2012 and 2013–2017 were described and compared.

Results
From 2008 to 2017, the incidence of oropharyngeal and anal cancers showed a slightly increased trend in males but remained stable in females, the incidence of vulvar, vaginal and penile cancers were stable while the incidence of cervical cancer decreased. The RR range was closer to 1 in the second period compared to the first period. This suggests a decrease in the disparities of incidence of cervical cancer. However, in some areas near the Thai-Myanmar border, the RR values remained high.

Conclusion
The incidence rate of most HPV-related cancers remained low and stable over the study period in northern Thailand. For the most common HPV-related malignancy, cervical cancer, the incidence rate steadily decreased but with marked geographic disparities, possibly reflecting health inequity especially in the border areas.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as an early indicator for ureteral catheterization in patients with renal colic due to upper urinary tract lithiasis
Authors: Elsaraya Nimer , Gordon-Irshai Adi , Schwarzfuchs Dan , Novack Victor , Mabjeesh Nicola J. , Neulander Endre Z. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
To evaluate whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can predict the need for ureteral catheterization in patients with renal colic.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively studied 15,887 patients with renal colic between 2005 and 2019. Patients with prior antibiotics treatment (156), with hematological diseases (15), with negative computerized tomography scan (CTS) for stone disease (473) or with no available laboratory findings (1750) were excluded. A ureteral double J stent (DJS) was inserted in case of ongoing pain, fever, sepsis, single kidney and elevated blood creatinine levels concomitant with hydronephrosis. A cut-off value of 2.1 NLR was determined to stratify and to compare patients using multivariable logistic regression models. A locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) plot was also applied to show the relationship between NLR and predicted probability for DJS insertion.

Results
Thirteen-thousand and 493 patients with a mean age of 42.7 years (30% females and 70% males) were included in the study. Five-hundred and 57 patients (4.1%) underwent early DJS insertion: 5.3% vs. 1.5% of patients with high vs. low NLR, respectively, (p<0.001). High NLR was significantly associated with longer hospitalization time, admission to the intensive care unit and overall mortality within a month from admission (p<0.05). LOWESS plot showed that NLR value >2.1 escalates progressively the probability for DJS insertion.

Conclusions
A high NLR is associated with the need for early internal DJS insertion due to urolithiasis. The NLR is easily calculated from simple blood tests and based on our results can be used for clinical decision making in patients with renal colic needing renal decompression.
Site, Dance and Body: Movement Materials and Corporeal Engagement, Victoria Hunter (2021)
Authors: Weir Lucy 
Published: June 2022

Review of: Site, Dance and Body: Movement Materials and Corporeal Engagement, Victoria Hunter (2021)
London: Palgrave Macmillan, XII, 279 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-03064-800-8, h/bk, GBP 89.99, e-book, GBP 71.50