bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the impacts of climate change on livestock water sources and livestock production: Case study, Karamoja region of Uganda
Authors: Auma Sandra , Badr Nadia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study examined the impact of climate change on livestock water sources and livestock production using the Karamoja region of Uganda as a case study. The study's objectives were to determine the general public's perception of climate change, identify the major climatic factors affecting livestock productivity in Karamoja, and assess the extent to which climate change has affected water sources for animals and productivity of livestock in the study region. A cross‐sectional survey design, as well as a quantitative and qualitative data analysis, was used in the study. The total population of the study unit was 258, and the sample size was 222, which was chosen specifically through a purposive and random sampling technique. From the results and discussion of the study sample, while the general public was aware of and understands climate change, the study concluded that the likely causes of climate change were numerous, including deforestation, charcoal burning, natural events such as lake currents, carbon emissions, and land degradation. In Karamoja, climate change is causing erratic and uneven rainfall, drying of surface water bodies such as dams and rivers, high temperatures, deforestation, and outbreaks of livestock diseases. The major climatic factors identified that affect livestock water sources and productivity are higher temperatures, which have led to decreases in water levels and drying of seasonal surface water sources that livestock depend on, as well as flooding of some regions during heavy rains. The results from the regression model also showed that climate change has affected livestock water sources and productivity, with an 84.7% impact. The following adaptation measures have been proposed: diversification of livestock and crop varieties, agroforestry, awareness and sensitization campaigns, increased government and partner investment in water harvesting and agroforestry schemes, and improved capacity of all organizations and institutes involved.
Biodiversity in the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands: A Synthesis
Authors: Ceríaco Luis M. P. , de Lima Ricardo F. , Bell Rayna C. , Melo Martim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands (Príncipe, São Tomé, and Annobón) are among the most endemic-rich regions of the planet. Historical scientific studies of the islands’ unique biodiversity are scattered in a variety of publications, many of which are difficult to access. More recently, there has been a growing interest in the islands, which is reflected in a burst of new studies, reports, and ongoing projects. Here we aim to provide an updated and comprehensive synthesis, covering all the key information and references on the biodiversity of these islands. The goal of the book is to be a comprehensive reference for students, researchers, and conservationists dedicated to the study and preservation of this unique biodiversity. It also intends to serve as a basis for local stakeholders to make informed decisions, namely regarding conservation actions. The book is divided into three main sections: (1) a general overview of the islands and their biodiversity, including aspects of natural and human history (six chapters); (2) detailed accounts on different taxonomic groups (16 chapters); and (3) the conservation, environmental education, and research challenges that lie ahead (three chapters).
Diversity of the Vascular Plants of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Stévart Tariq , Dauby Gilles , Ikabanga Davy U. , Lachenaud Olivier , Barberá Patricia , de Oliveira Faustino , Benitez Laura , do Céu Madureira Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite a long history of botanical collecting in the three oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea, no recent studies have documented floristic patterns. This chapter summarizes information on the vascular plants of the islands, including inventories conducted on Príncipe and São Tomé since 2017, as well as two recent expeditions to Annobón. An updated database of the vascular flora was compiled, which includes 14,376 records representing 1285 species and infraspecific taxa (1028 native). Príncipe has 445 species and infraspecific taxa (394 native), São Tomé has 1044 (842 native), and Annobón has 344 (274 native). Recent inventory work has generated collections of more than 90% of the endemic woody species. Several very rare taxa were rediscovered, includingBalthasaria mannii(Oliv.) Verdc., 1969 (Pentaphylacaceae) andPsychotria exelliiR. Alves, Figueiredo and A.P. Davis, 2005 (Rubiaceae), neither of which had been seen for more than 50 years. At least 17 species new to science were also discovered on Príncipe and São Tomé. Of the 1028 indigenous taxa, 164 (16%) are currently considered endemic to the islands. Of the 285 species evaluated according to the IUCN Red List criteria, 2 (0.7%) were Data Deficient, 226 (79.3%) Least Concern or Near Threatened, 55 (19.3%) threatened (including 3 Critically Endangered, 21 Endangered, and 31 Vulnerable), and 2 (0.7%) Extinct. On São Tomé and Príncipe, 325 plant species are used in traditional medicine, 37 of which are endemic. These results should be used to identify new priority sites for conservation, including on Annobón, where priority sites are less well defined.
Butterflies and Skippers (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Mendes Luís F. , Bivar-de-Sousa António 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe three Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands, Príncipe, São Tomé, and Annobón, have always remained isolated from the African continent and correspond to the westernmost peaks of the Cameroon Volcanic Line, while the island of Bioko, part of the same ridge, was connected to the mainland during glaciations. Despite the small area of the oceanic islands, their relief and remoteness have enabled the evolution of remarkable ecological and biological diversity. Concerning diurnal Lepidoptera, 91 species and subspecies are known from the oceanic islands: 46 from Príncipe, 64 from São Tomé, and 8 from Annobón; and 35 are endemic: 17 to Príncipe, 23 to São Tomé, and only 5 shared among islands. Further species have been reported in error, either due to misidentification or to mislabelling. A revised checklist of the species and subspecies of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands Papilionoidea is presented as is a summary of their taxonomy, distribution, and ecology.
Diversity and Distribution of the Arthropod Vectors of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Loiseau Claire , Gutiérrez-López Rafael , Mathieu Bruno , Makanga Boris K. , Paupy Christophe , Rahola Nil , Cornel Anthony J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe known arthropod vector species on the Gulf of Guinea islands belong to orders Diptera and Ixodida. Among the Diptera, the family Culicidae (mosquitoes) has the most species, 34 (6 endemic), Ceratopogonidae has 13 (all in the genus Culicoides), Tabanidae has 6, and Simuliidae has 3 (1 endemic). Ixodida has only 4 species. Most vector species and associated diseases are shared with mainland Africa. Some of these include (1) the human malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii, (2) yellow fever and dengue vector Aedes aegypti, and (3) the spotted fever group rickettsiae and Q fever vector Amblyomma spp. However, there is a considerable lack of information on the natural cycles of many vector-borne diseases that might impact local fauna, for which there may be some endemic pathogen lineages. Increased trade by air and sea should compel authorities to remain vigilant, to keep unwanted vectors and diseases at bay. Entomological diversity data remains scarce for Annobón and for the forested interior of the islands, where future sampling efforts may uncover new endemic species.
The Amphibians of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Bell Rayna C. , Ceríaco Luis M. P. , Scheinberg Lauren A. , Drewes Robert C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter reviews the diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecology, and conservation of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands’ endemic caecilian and anuran fauna. A total of nine amphibian species (representing five families) are known from São Tomé and Príncipe islands, all of which are endemic. No amphibians have been reported from Annobón. Taxonomic research on this group of animals began in the second half of the nineteenth century with subsequent refinement following the advent of molecular techniques. The presence of several amphibians from distinct evolutionary lineages is unexpected for oceanic islands and has motivated several biogeographic studies to reconstruct the evolutionary histories of these enigmatic species. Yet, the continental source for many of the islands’ amphibians remains unknown. The amphibians of São Tomé and Príncipe also exhibit intriguing phenotypic diversity for addressing long-standing hypotheses in evolutionary biology, including body size evolution and gigantism on islands, intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence in coloration, and reproductive and dietary niche partitioning. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of the fungal pathogenBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisin amphibian communities on both São Tomé and Príncipe, but it is unclear whether this pathogen is negatively impacting local populations. Most of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic island endemic amphibians are incredibly abundant and widespread, occurring in primary forest, secondary forest, and agricultural habitats across the islands. Three anuran species (Hyperolius thomensis, Leptopelis palmatus, Ptychadena newtoni) have more limited distributions and/or more specialized ecologies; consequently, additional land-use change poses a threat to the long-term persistence of these taxa.
The Sea Turtles of São Tomé and Príncipe: Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation Status
Authors: Ferreira-Airaud Betania , Schmitt Vanessa , Vieira Sara , Rio Manuel Jorge de Carvalho do , Neto Elisio , Pereira Jaconias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe unique islands of São Tomé and Príncipe harbor five of the seven existent sea turtle species, and offer optimal conditions for these threatened species both on the beaches and on the foraging sites at sea. These populations might have been exploited since the sixteenth century and are still being harvested. In the past decade, our knowledge of these populations has greatly improved, highlighting their regional and global importance. Several conservation initiatives have also prioritized their protection. This chapter reviews our knowledge on the diversity, distribution, and conservation status of sea turtles in São Tomé and Príncipe, providing a brief history of conservation actions from the past 20 years and presenting ongoing research and conservation initiatives.
A Thriving Future for the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Bell Rayna C. , Ceríaco Luis M. P. , de Lima Ricardo F. , Melo Martim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea hold extraordinary levels of endemism across many taxonomic groups. Biodiversity surveys are still uncovering species new to science, and much work remains to be done on the evolution, ecology, and conservation of this unique biological heritage. The next 10 years will be crucial to find and implement development strategies that can respond to the needs of the islands’ inhabitants while sustaining the biodiversity and ecosystem functions on which they depend. We outline seven priority areas that need to be addressed on the path for a thriving future for both people and biodiversity.
Biogeography and Evolution in the Oceanic Islands of the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Melo Martim , Ceríaco Luis M. P. , Bell Rayna C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs with most archipelagos, geography played a central role in the assembly and evolution of the endemic-rich biological communities of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands. The islands are located at moderate distances from the species-rich African continent that surrounds them to the east and north. This proximity facilitated colonization by many branches of the tree of life, but gene flow between the islands and continent was low enough that many lineages evolved in isolation once they reached the archipelago, resulting in many endemic species. Furthermore, several of the island taxa belong to groups typically considered to be “poor dispersers” across sea barriers, which strongly supports a role for natural rafts in seeding the islands. Oceanic currents, including the freshwater pathways that extend from large river drainages into the Gulf of Guinea during the rainy season, also support this hypothesis. The distances between the islands are equivalent to those between the islands and the continent such that inter-island dispersal events appear to be relatively rare and thus few taxa are shared between them. Still, the islands present multiple cases of secondary contact leading to hybridization and genetic introgression between closely related lineages—providing several models to study the role and consequences of gene flow in evolution. Most taxa for which molecular estimates of divergence time have been derived are much younger than the ages of the islands. This pattern is consistent with high species turnover, likely resulting from a combination of small island sizes, proximity to the African continent and a long history of intense volcanic activity. The Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands provide multiple examples of classical adaptations to island life (the “island syndrome”), including giants and dwarves, ornament and color loss, among others. In addition, emerging studies of birds are highlighting the importance of competition regimes in driving phenotypic change—with examples of both character release (low inter-specific competition) and character displacement (inter-specific competition upon secondary contact). Collectively, the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands offer unique opportunities to study adaptation and speciation in a range of taxa and contexts.
Fungi of São Tomé and Príncipe Islands: Basidiomycete Mushrooms and Allies
Authors: Desjardin Dennis E. , Perry Brian A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMushrooms and allies belong to the Agaricomycetes lineage of Basidiomycota. A total of 260 species, belonging in 109 genera, 51 families and 13 orders have been reported from São Tomé and Príncipe between 1851 and 2020, of which 66 were described as new species. They range in body forms from agarics and boletes to polyporoid, clavarioid, coralloid, thelephoroid, stereoid, corticioid, hydnoid, cantherelloid, gasteroid, and jelly fungi. The vast majority are saprotrophs, a small number are plant pathogens, and a rare few may be ectomycorrhizal. Sixty species, 23%, can be classified putative endemics. The current state of knowledge of the Agaricomycetes from the nation is based on fewer than ten expeditions in the past 170 years and represents only a snapshot of the actual diversity that is likely present.
The Bryophyte Flora of São Tomé and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea): Past, Present and Future
Authors: Garcia César , Sérgio Cecília , Shevock James R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter aims to present a review of the knowledge of the bryological flora for the São Tomé and Príncipe Islands (Gulf of Guinea). An updated catalogue is presented, as well as a brief overview of the first expeditions conducted by the University of Coimbra. The labels of the historical herbarium collections and correspondence were analyzed, which provides an important source of data contributing toward research in taxonomy and conservation of these oceanic islands. Since 2007, exploratory fieldwork was carried out in different habitats of this archipelago along an altitudinal gradient, aiming to improve the knowledge of the ecology and distribution patterns of its bryophyte flora. A total of 304 taxa of bryophytes (133 mosses, 164 liverworts and seven hornworts) are currently reported, of which 21 are endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe and 144 species are shared endemics with the African continent. Several vouchers, especially in the herbaria of the University of Lisbon and of the California Academy of Sciences, are still under study and will likely provide further insights and new discoveries.
Conclusions: My Liberation Is Bound Up with Yours
Authors: Chapman Amy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter draws conclusions about incorporating social media into civic education, based on a study of high school teachers who used Twitter as part of their civics teaching. This chapter argues that social media has potential to be a participatory and justice-oriented pedagogical tool for civic education. At the same time, teachers who want to use social media in the classroom should teach students about the more problematic aspects of social media, such as misinformation and echo chambers. Implications from this study include developing our theoretical understanding of civic education, next steps for research in both civic education and the use of social media in education, and considerations for teachers who want to incorporate social media into their civic teaching. This chapter also offers conclusions about the potential for the use of social media in civic education.
#CivicEd: Teachers’ Stories of Connection, Civics, and Social Media
Authors: Chapman Amy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter shares the findings from a study of civic educators who used Twitter as part of their civics instruction. This chapter reviews the experiences of five high-school teachers who participated in this study, presenting each teacher as an individual case study. Each teacher used social media to teach civics. This chapter describes each teacher, their context, and their reasons for using social media to teach civics. Each vignette also discusses each teacher’s main objectives in teaching with social media.
Nurturing a Capacity That May Well Be Limitless: Supporting Student Worth as a Matter of Civic Urgency
Authors: Chapman Amy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter shares another finding of a study of high-school teachers who included Twitter as part of their civic education teaching. Teachers in this study felt that students did not consider themselves to be worthy of participating in civic life. The teachers believed that their students felt that they were not yet seen as members of the community, and thus did not have either a right or a responsibility to participate in civic life. Teachers used social media to encourage students to see their own value as civic participants, primarily by having them interact with experts, elected officials, and members of their communities. The teachers believed that the way to address students’ feelings of unworthiness was by having students participate in civic activities that were real; the teachers saw social media as a way to do this.
On the Road Again: Onward Migration and Transnational Subjectivity Among Portuguese-Guinean Migrants in Peterborough (UK)
Authors: Formenti Ambra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn Guinea-Bissau, as in other African countries, international emigration has intensified in recent decades due to persistent economic depression and institutional instability. In addition to the old routes to Senegal and Gambia, contemporary movements now extend to Europe and beyond. One of the main destinations is Portugal, where Guinean migrants have been attracted by labour demand in the construction sector since the 1980s. However, the recent economic crisis in Portugal has led many Guinean-born citizens to continue their journeys, searching for better opportunities in Northern Europe and benefiting from the acquisition of Portuguese nationality. In this chapter I explore the connections between onward migration and transnationalism by focusing on the case of Portuguese-Guinean migrants living in Peterborough (the UK). Based on ethnographic material, I discuss how transnational ties and practices across various places – including Guinea-Bissau, the UK, Portugal and other sites in the Guinean diaspora – contribute to the emergence of specific forms of subjectivity, marked by manifold identifications in terms of nationality, language, religion, leisure and food.
Becoming Destination(s)? Complex Migration Trajectories, Transnational Lifeworlds and Migration Decisions
Authors: Erdal Marta Bivand , Korzeniewska Lubomiła , Bertelli Davide 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe depart from a paradox: migrants’ complex migration trajectories challenge dominant, often destination-oriented, conceptualisations of migration decision-making. This prompted us to raise the issue, in the questions pursued in our 30 semi-structured interviews with nurse migrants, of why Norway was chosen as a destination or a base for onward movement. We draw on this dataset, with specific analytical emphasis on eight of these interviews, in which the nurses shared their experiences of complex migration trajectories between Poland, the Philippines and Norway; others included Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Sweden and the UK. Our contribution builds on the case of professional, predominantly female, often South-North migrants, whose experiences to date have not been formative in migration theory, despite the volume of interdisciplinary research on nurse migration. We argue that a fresh and critical perspective may contribute to the adjustment of prevailing theorisations. We trace the geographical patterns of our interviewees’ complex migration trajectories and analyse the dynamics of onward migration decision-making in the context of transnational lifeworlds. We find actual and potential onward migration is a significant feature of nurse migrants’ trajectories, where the notion of ‘a destination’ is illusive, changes over time and is shaped by multi-sited transnational ties.
‘Somehow I’m an Expat and He’s a Migrant’: Intersectional Identities, Multiple Migrations and Family Decision-Making Amongst Middling Migrant Couples
Authors: Roberts Rosie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter offers a critical reframing of how migration decision-making can shift between partners over time and space. Told through the lens of the female spouse within two heterosexual migrant couples, the chapter shows how experiences of mobility are not just shaped by individuals’ social positionality but also by the complex intersections between their classed, gendered, religious and racialised identities and that of their partners. The literature on middling migration has often been a story of male-led labour migration, with women occupying the status of the accompanying migrant. Less attention is paid to the experiences of migrant women, particularly those who first relocate on family or spousal visas but who seek to re-negotiate gender-differentiated career progression over time and through multiple relocations. Through a detailed biographical case study of two couples, this chapter seeks to capture the shifts in their trajectories, attachments and decision-making that occur spatially, temporally and relationally to show the diverse experiences and statuses that constitute the often-homogenised category of ‘the middle’.