bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugation of Mycophenolic Acid with Dextran: A Potential Strategy for
Colon-Targeted Delivery for Mitigation of Inflamed Colon in Ulcerative
Colitis
Authors: Dhaneshwar Suneela , Chopade Shakuntala 
Published: April 2022

Background::
Adverse effects induced by upper GIT release of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and
its prodrug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) have created a great deal of concern in the treatment of inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD).

Objective::
The goal of this work was to create a polymer-based prodrug (MDS) by attaching MPA to
dextran to enable colon-targeted drug delivery and, as a result, minimize the adverse effects of MPA and
MMF.

Methods::
MPA was conjugated with dextran via a bio-cleavable ester bond utilizing the EDCI coupling
process. MDS was characterized by spectral analysis. The degree of substitution was estimated by complete
hydrolysis of the conjugate in phosphate buffer (pH= 9.0). The prodrug was screened for gastrosparing
potential using TNBS-induced colitis model in Wistar rats.

Results::
Physicochemical parameters, such as degree of substitution (9.32 mg MPA/100mg of MDS),
DSC study (Melting point: 194.3°C), and molecular weight (70307 Da) were determined. The significant
mitigating effect of MDS on quantifying parameters of TNBS-induced colitis, i.e., disease activity score
rate (0.72±0.35), colon to body weight ratio (0.024±0.003), MPO activity (36.9±0.67mU/100mg of tissue),
ulcerogenic potential (2.85±0.08), and histopathological data showed that prodrug restored distorted
colonic architecture to normal.

Conclusion::
Hydrophilicity was improved, allowing for more effective transport of MPA to the colon. In
TNBS-induced colitis, the prodrug was found 1.5 times more efficient than MPA at lowering quantifiable
markers of colonic inflammation. Histopathology data showed that MDS might be developed as a potential
approach for directing MPA to the colon for the treatment of IBD.
Nonlinear Harmonic Electric Energy Metering System Based on the Wavelet
Transform
Authors: Sharma Amit , Li Chong , Shen Hongtao , Wang Hao , Wang Yi , Li Bing , Li Chuan , Guo Rongkun 
Published: April 2022

Background:
To solve the problem of accurate measurement of nonlinear harmonic electric energy, a method for improving harmonic electric energy measurement based on the discrete
wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction algorithm was proposed.

Objectives:
A reactive energy measurement method combined with Hilbert transformation was designed, and the frequency characteristics of wavelet function were discussed. An excessively high
sampling rate could reduce the accuracy of harmonic power measurement. By setting the discrete
wavelet packet transformation decomposition, the stepping of the wavelet form resulting from the
excessively large wavelet packet decomposition scale was eliminated using the moncoband reconstruction algorithm.

Methods:
Experimental results showed that the detection error obtained by numerical simulation
using the wavelet transform algorithm was close to the standard instrument, with the maximum reference error of 0.013%-0.030%.

Results and Conclusion:
The feasibility and measurement accuracy of the nonlinear harmonic electric energy metering system were verified, providing an effective method for accurately detecting
the harmonic, interharmonic, and time-varying harmonic components of the electric power system.
The Acceptability of an Electronically Delivered Acceptance- and Mindfulness-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Survivors of Breast Cancer: One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Authors: Robertson Michael C , Cox-Martin Emily , Shegog Ross , Markham Christine M , Fujimoto Kayo , Durand Casey P , Brewster Abenaa , Lyons Elizabeth J , Liao Yue , Flores Sara A , Basen-Engquist Karen M 
Published: April 2022

Background
Survivors of breast cancer can face internal barriers to physical activity, such as uncertainty and frustration stemming from physical limitations, decreased physical functioning, fatigue, and pain. Interventions that draw from the principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may help survivors of breast cancer overcome some of the internal barriers associated with physical activity.

Objective
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the acceptability of an electronically delivered physical activity intervention for survivors of breast cancer, centered on ACT processes.

Methods
This study used a 1-group pretest-posttest design. We recruited 80 insufficiently active female survivors of breast cancer using a web-based recruitment strategy. The 8-week intervention consisted of weekly modules that featured didactic lessons and experiential exercises targeting key ACT processes in the context of physical activity promotion (namely, values, committed action, acceptance, defusion, and contacting the present moment). We determined intervention acceptability according to study retention (≥70%), adherence rates (≥75% of the participants completing ≥50% of the modules), and posttest survey scores reflecting the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and interest and enjoyment of the intervention (≥5 on a 7-point Likert-type scale). We also evaluated changes in self-reported aerobic and muscle strengthening–physical activity, physical activity acceptance, physical activity regulation, and health-related outcomes.

Results
The retention rate (61/80, 76%), adherence rate (60/80, 75%), average perceived ease of use (6.17, SD 1.17), perceived usefulness (5.59, SD 1.40), and interest and enjoyment scores (5.43, SD 1.40) met the acceptability criteria. Participants increased their self-reported aerobic physical activity (Cohen d=1.04), muscle strengthening–physical activity (Cohen d=1.02), physical activity acceptance (cognitive acceptance: Cohen d=0.35; behavioral commitment: Cohen d=0.51), physical activity regulation (identified regulation: Cohen d=0.37; integrated regulation: Cohen d=0.66), increased their ability to participate in social roles and activities (Cohen d=0.18), and reported less fatigue (Cohen d=0.33) and sleep disturbance (Cohen d=0.53).

Conclusions
Electronically delivered acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions may be useful for promoting physical activity in survivors of breast cancer. Further research is needed to refine these approaches and evaluate their effectiveness.
Changes in Parental Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination and Routine Childhood Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Repeated Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Wang Qiang , Xiu Shixin , Yang Liuqing , Han Ying , Cui Tingting , Shi Naiyang , Liu Minqi , Yi Youqin , Liu Chang , Wang Xuwen , Yang Guoping , Ji Lili , Zhou Weijie , Jin Hui , Zhen Shiqi , Lin Leesa 
Published: April 2022

Background
It was reported that one in four parents were hesitant about vaccinating their children in China. Previous studies have revealed a declining trend in the vaccine willingness rate in China. There is a need to monitor the level of parental vaccine hesitancy toward routine childhood vaccination and hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
This study aims to assess changes in trends of parental attitudes toward routine childhood vaccines and COVID-19 vaccinations across different time periods in China.

Methods
Three waves of cross-sectional surveys were conducted on parents residing in Wuxi City in Jiangsu Province, China from September to October 2020, February to March 2021, and May to June 2021. Participants were recruited from immunization clinics. Chi-square tests were used to compare the results of the three surveys, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors related to parental vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine willingness.

Results
Overall, 2881, 1038, and 1183 participants were included in the survey’s three waves. Using the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, 7.8% (225/2881), 15.1% (157/1038), and 5.5% (65/1183) of parents showed hesitancy to childhood vaccination (P<.001), and 59.3% (1709/2881), 64.6% (671/1038), and 92% (1088/1183) of parents agreed to receive a COVID-19 vaccine themselves in the first, second, and third surveys, respectively (P<.001). In all three surveys, “concerns about vaccine safety and side effects” was the most common reason for refusal.

Conclusions
There has been an increasing acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in Wuxi City, China. Effective interventions are needed to mitigate public concerns about vaccine safety.
Use of a Semiautomatic Text Message System to Improve Satisfaction With Wait Time in the Adult Emergency Department: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Ehrler Frederic , Rochat Jessica , Siebert Johan N , Guessous Idris , Lovis Christian , Spechbach Hervé 
Published: April 2022

Background
Many factors influence patient satisfaction during an emergency department (ED) visit, but the perception of wait time plays a central role. A long wait time in the waiting room increases the risk of hospital-acquired infection, as well as the risk of a patient leaving before being seen by a physician, particularly those with a lower level of urgency who may have to wait for a longer time.

Objective
We aimed to improve the perception of wait time through the implementation of a semiautomatic SMS text message system that allows patients to wait outside the hospital and facilitates the recall of patients closer to the scheduled time of meeting with the physician.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the system using a tailored questionnaire to assess the patient perspective and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology questionnaire for the caregiver perspective. We also monitored the frequency of system use with logs.

Results
A total of 110 usable responses were collected (100 patients and 10 caregivers). Findings revealed that 97 of 100 (97%) patients were satisfied, with most patients waiting outside the ED but inside the hospital. The caregiver evaluation showed that it was very easy to use, but the adoption of the system was more problematic because of the perceived additional workload associated with its use.

Conclusions
Although not suitable for all patients, our system allows those who have a low-severity condition to wait outside the waiting room and to be recalled according to the dedicated time defined in the Swiss Emergency Triage Scale. It not only has the potential to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired infection but also can enhance the patient experience; additionally, it was perceived as a real improvement. Further automation of the system needs to be explored to reduce caregiver workload and increase its use.
Korea's Response to COVID-19 According to Set Time Frames, With a Focus on the Network Between the Government and Responding Agencies: Social Network Analysis
Authors: Cho Jungyun , Kang Wook , Lee Julak 
Published: April 2022

Background
In December 2019, COVID-19 was first confirmed in Wuhan, China, and as the respiratory disease spread around the globe, there was a spike in interest worldwide in combating such contagious diseases. When such disasters occur, the central government of South Korea and its affiliated local governments—together with nongovernmental organizations—play a crucial role in crisis management systems.

Objective
The purpose of this paper is to corroborate the characteristics government ministries and domestic and foreign institutions exhibit through their interconnection when the parties are undergoing a disease-related catastrophe such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Using the social network analysis technique, the span of the COVID-19 pandemic was segmented into 3 time frames, and the relational characteristics of the COVID-19 contagious disease response department and related agencies at home and abroad were analyzed based on 3 centralities.

Results
Evidence from the second and third time frames indicates that the agents reacting to contagious diseases do not necessarily hold the central position in the network. From this, it can be inferred that it is not only the primary host that plays a pivotal role but the key to a successful response to various disasters also lies in cooperation with the relevant parties.

Conclusions
The incongruency between the findings of this paper and the existing disaster response system gives rise to the corollary that both the essential parties and the adjoining ones need to collaborate for a coordinated crisis response in disaster situations. Furthermore, much significance lies in the fact that this paper explores the various aspects that could surface among the host and relevant parties in a real-life pandemic.
Ira Oscar Glick: At the crossroads of the sociologies of financial markets
Authors: Duterme Tom 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis review essay looks at the plurality of research conducted today in the sociology of financial markets by examining a pioneering and little-known study - the PhD thesis of Ira Oscar Glick. It is indeed possible to find in this 1957 thesis some insights that are later solidified by several contemporary lines of research in the sociology of financial markets (new economic sociology, science and technology studies, gender studies, Bourdieusian sociology, ethnomethodology, the economics of conventions). This rediscovery of a key author in the history of the field may lead us to reconsider his legacy and delve into a landmark work that potentially still harbors unexplored insights capable of opening up new avenues for research.
Lafaz al-Rajaʼ dan al-Tamanni dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Amri Furqan , Dumilah Retno 
Published: April 2022

The existence of synonymy in the Koran is a debate among commentators. Some consider the existence of synonymy in the Koran and others deny it. Various words in the Qur'an appear to be synonymous at birth, but when examined carefully it turns out that each of these words has its own connotation. This study aims to explain the context of the use of the words al-Rajāʼ and al-Tamannīʼ and the interpretation of the commentators on the verses of al-Rajāʼ and al-Tamannīʼ. This study uses the thematic method by collecting verses related to the problems of the two pronunciations and by referring to the explanations of the commentators in the books of interpretation. The results showed that the writer found the lafaz al-Rajāʼ in the Koran 18 times with 7-word variations, while the al-Tamanni lafaz was found 9 times and had 7-word variations in each of the two words. Lafaz al-Rajāʼ and al-Tamannīʼ are interpreted with the meaning of hope or ideals, but in terms of the difference, al-Rajāʼ lafaz is devoted to hopes that are most likely to be achieved and achieved and accompanied by effort, while al-Tamann lafaz is hoping that cannot be achieved. achieved or the probability of achieving it is very small. Keberadaan sinonimitas dalam al-Qur’an menjadi perdebatan di kalangan para mufasir. Sebagian menilai adanya sinonimitas dalam Al-Qur’an dan sebagian yang lain mengingkarinya. Beragam kata dalam Al-Qur’an yang pada lahirnya tampak bersinonim, namun bila diteliti secara cermat ternyata masing-masing kata tersebut mempunyai konotasi tersendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan konteks penggunaan kata al-Rajāʼ dan al-Tamannīʼ serta penafsiran para mufassir terhadap ayat-ayat al-Rajāʼ dan al-Tamannīʼ. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tematik dengan menghimpun ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan permasalah kedua lafaz tersebut dan dengan merujuk kepada penjelasan para mufassir dalam kitab-kitab tafsir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penulis menemukan lafaẓ al-Rajāʼ dalam Al-Qur’an sebanyak 18 kali dengan 7 bentuk variasi kata, sedangkan lafaz al-Tamanni ditemukan sebanyak 9 kali serta memiliki 7 bentuk variasi kata pada masing-masing kedua Lafaz tersebut. Lafaz al-Rajāʼ dan al-Tamannīʼ diartikan dengan makna harapan atau cita-cita, namun dari segi perbedaannya lafaz al-Rajāʼ dikhususkan kepada harapan yang kemungkinan besar dapat dicapai dan diraih serta diiringi dengan usaha, sedangkan lafaz al-Tamannīʼ merupakan pengharapan yang tidak dapat tercapai atau kemungkinan ketercapaiannya sangat kecil.
How Long Were Late Antique Books in Use? Possible Implications for New Testament Textual Criticism
Authors: Evans Craig A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recent study of libraries and book collections from late antiquity has shown that literary works were read, studied, annotated, corrected, and copied for two or more centuries before being retired or discarded. Given that there is no evidence that early Christian scribal practices differed from pagan practices, we may rightly ask whether early Christian writings, such as the autographs and first copies of the books that eventually would be recognized as canonical Scripture, also remained in use for 100 years or more. The evidence suggests that this was in fact the case. This sort of longevity could mean that at the time our extant Greek NT papyri were written in the late second and early to mid-third centuries, some of the autographs and first copies were still in circulation and in a position to influence the form of the Greek text.
Sin and Atonement: Lessons from the Pentateuch
Authors: SKLAR JAY 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This essay explores atonement in the Pentateuch, focusing especially on Exodus–Numbers. Because the means of atonement differs according to the category of sin being addressed, I begin by describing the number and nature of these categories. I then consider which categories may be atoned for by means of sacrificial atonement, which categories may be atoned for by other means, and what lessons about sin and atonement are being communicated in each instance.
Joshua and Kingship
Authors: GOSWELL GREGORY 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In contrast to the common idea that Joshua is modeled on and prefigures Josiah, this article shows that the connection of Joshua is fundamentally back in time to Moses, not forward in time to the latter kings. Joshua is depicted as Moses' successor and a second Moses. None of the key features of Joshua 1 (Joshua meditating on the law, the tribal pledge of total obedience, the military leadership of Joshua, the encouragements given to him, the promises of divine presence) are essentially royal in nature. Unlike subsequent kings, Joshua is a leader without a successor. The usually posited intertextual connections between Joshua and later kings are unconvincing. The book's emphasis on (Canaanite) kings as enemies makes it unlikely that Joshua himself is pictured as a king figure. In line with his nonroyal status, the closing chapter of the book depicts Joshua as head of an Israelite household exhorting other Israelite households and their heads to serve God as King faithfully.
Did Jesus Connect Son of Man to Daniel 7? A Short Reflection on the Position of Larry Hurtado
Authors: BOCK DARRELL L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This short note interacts with Larry Hurtado's view that Jesus used the term Son of Man and may have alluded to Dan 7:13–14 at his Jewish examination, but did not connect the Scripture to the expression. The note argues that, in most of Jesus' uses, the term does not intend to evoke Dan 7 but that in this scene Jesus makes the connection as part of his more public confrontation of the final week. It also seeks to correct the impression that to argue for a connection of Dan 7 in this scene is to associate that text with all the uses of the title in the Gospels.
Disagreement in the Greco-Roman Literary Tradition and the Implications for Gospel Research
Authors: MASSEY PRESTON T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this investigation is to compare and contrast the fourfold Gospel with four categories for understanding the motif of disagreement within the Greco-Roman literary tradition. I examine 16 Greco-Roman authors using more than 40 separate texts in order to document the case for the convention of disagreement. Under each rubric discussed, I undertake a comparison with and contrast to the fourfold Gospel. The net result of this investigation concludes that, in contrast to the four examined literary criteria, the authors of the fourfold Gospel should not be charged with intentionally contradicting each other.
What "Mercies of God"? Oiktirmos in Romans 12:1 against Its Septuagintal Background
Authors: GUPTA NIJAY K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In what is considered to be a climactic point in Romans, in 12:1–2 Paul makes a firm appeal in view of "the mercies of God." It is the conclusion of many scholars that Paul is using the language of mercy (oiktirmos) either to refer to the argument of Rom 9–11 or, perhaps, to summarize chapters 1–11 as a whole. Though the term is undoubtedly acting to refer back to Paul's argument in the preceding material, there is a pattern of the usage of oiktirmos (and its cognates) in the LXX that has not been introduced into the scholarly discussion. We will examine the patterned use of oiktirmos in the LXX with a view toward how and why it appears as well as what other concepts are frequently and naturally correlated. Then we will demonstrate how suitable this specific term was for Paul in relating the mercy of God to the injunctions in 12:1–2. In particular, we will observe how oiktirmos appears in the discussion of God's covenant faithfulness with a view toward revelation, forgiveness, and deliverance.
The Ethics of Inclusion: The גר and the אזרח in the Passover to Yhwh
Authors: KELLY JOSEPH RYAN 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
When Yhwh instructs Moses on how the Israelites are to keep the Passover to Yhwh in Exod 12, Yhwh commands the inclusion of the גר in the cultic celebration. This article explores the ethical dimensions of this instruction, identifying two cooperating ethical principles—the Golden Rule analogy and the imitation of God. The Passover to Yhwh in Exod 12 encourages Israel to recall and reflect on their experience as גרים in Egypt and to imitate the divine patronage of Yhwh toward those who live as dependents among them.
Rest for the Animals? Nonhuman Sabbath Repose in Pentateuchal Law
Authors: SCHAFER A. RAHEL 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Israel's legal material embodies care for nonhuman creatures. In comparison to the Decalogue, the concept of animal Sabbath rest is broadened in motivation, definition, and scope in each of the other sections of law. Exodus 20:8–11 provides the definition of Sabbath rest: animals are to do no work on Sabbath just like humans. Deuteronomy 5:12–15 expands the motivation for the Sabbath: rest for all laborers and domestic animals; deliverance from Egypt and oppression. Leviticus 25:2–7 expands the scope of Sabbath rest: Sabbath food is even for wild animals, and Sabbath rest is also for the land. The paradigm shift of Exod 23:10–12 expands the definition (animal rest is like God's rest), the scope (provision for the disadvantaged/rest for all workers), and motivation (in order that animals and servants may rest) of Sabbath rest. Other biblical passages shed further light on nonhuman Sabbath repose, as well as implying contemporary responsibilities for all humans regarding animal rest and care.
Meals in Pagan Temples and Apostolic Finances: How Effective Is Paul's Argument in 1 Corinthians 9:1–23 in the Context of 1 Corinthians 8–10?
Authors: WHITE JOEL R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The relationship between Paul's instructions to the Corinthians regarding the consumption of meat in pagan cultic settings in 1 Corinthians 8 and 10 and his defense of his right to apostolic support in 1 Corinthians 9 is most often described in terms of a simple comparison: In the same way Paul dispenses with his right to support, so the Corinthian believers should refrain from exercising their right to eat meat. A careful analysis of these two disparate themes, however, against the background of recent sociohistorical study reveals a more thoroughgoing connection that goes to the very heart of Paul's Gospel.