bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing cultural experiences from psychotic symptoms in indigenous settings: Maori and North American perspectives
Authors: Mainguy B. , Mehl-Madrona L. , Nia W. Nia , Bush A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIndigenous people think about mind and mental health differently from contemporary psychiatry, particularly in relation to the symptoms that comprise psychosis.ObjectivesWe aim to present the Maori (New Zealand) and the North American indigenous (primarily Lakota, Cherokee, and Wabanaki) views of extraordinary experience and to explore opportunities for dialogue and understanding among these perspectives, leading to genuine, respectful collaboration.MethodsAuto/ethnographic methodology was used to describe a process in which psychiatrists and traditional cultural healers came to understand each others’ perspectives, dialogued, and forged a collaboration. We describe how this process unfolded in New Zealand and in North America, discussing similarities and differences among these two regions and cultures. We present cases to illustrate the level of cultural collaboration.ResultsThe opportunity for cross-cultural dialogue arose when the psychiatrists observed that the traditional cultural healers were reaching and helping patients with whom they had been unsuccessful. This led to dialogue in the fashion of Two-Eyed Seeing, a North American indigenous concept of explanatory pluralism. We present the case of a young man whom the psychiatrist described as hallucinating and prescribed medication that did not help. The cultural healer assisted the young man to see how he had broken cultural taboos, helped him repair the damage, and the hallucinations disappeared. Other cases further illustrate the collaboration. Two-eyed seeing allows both perspectives to be correct and permits genuine dialogue.ConclusionsThrough cultivation of genuine listening without interpretation or judgment (see Jacques Lacan), cultures can begin to understand and collaborate together for the benefit of patients.
To be only human: Humanizing effect of lowering humanity
Authors: Poe S.L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe derogation and violence associated with describing others as less than human is documented in a wide range of research (e.g., Bandura, 1992; Optow, 1990). However, this research has only explored one side of the social comparisons that humanity can evoke. Integrating dehumanization research and that of social comparison, which suggests the different effects of upward and downward targets, we explore social comparison which lowers human nature and therefore raises the target (Suls et al., 2002; Suls et al., 2018).ObjectivesWhile dehumanization places others below humanity, we explore hyper-humanization which places humanity below other comparison classes. When humanity is characterized as a low social comparison class, this should lead people to reintegrate transgressors, evoke forgiveness and reduce revenge motives.MethodsTo test this hypothesis 577 participants viewed a vignette about a social transgression and completed the benevolence and avoidance subscales of the TRIM (McCullough et al., 2006). We manipulated dehumanization and hyper-humanization using a conversational prompt which asked participants to elaborate on descriptions of the social transgressor. In the dehumanization condition the target was described as “barely human”, and in the hyper-humanization condition the target was described as “only human”.ResultsUsing a mixed-model ANOVA, results indicate that in the rehumanization condition benevolence increased (F=5.30, p<.01) and avoidance decreased (F=4.75, p<.01) relative to dehumanization and controls.ConclusionsWhile lower groups below humanity may facilitate genocide and other social ills, other forms of social comparison with humanity may act to restore relationships and facilitate forgiveness.
Perception and preventive actions against COVID-19 in domestic and international students
Authors: Nikolaev E. , Aleksandrov A. , Poverinov I. , Niyazov L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionYoung people, regarded as less susceptible to the virus, may differently perceive the situation associated with the COVID-19 outbreak.ObjectivesTo determine the differences in perception of COVID-19 and preventive actions taken against it by domestic and international university students under the spreading threat of COVID-19 illness.MethodsDuring the outbreak of COVID-19, 224 domestic and 312 international students of Russian universities responded via on-line to the self-constructed Attitude towards COVID-19 Questionnaire.ResultsThe showings of the international students were surely higher than those of domestic students in seriousness of their evaluation of the COVID-19-related situation in the world (p=.0006), in the country (p=.0096), and in the region (p=.0390); in the evaluation of the virus-related risks for aged and chronic patients (p=.0075), in adequacy of measures taken by the government against COVID-19 (p=.0114), in degree of disturbing their customary way of life (p=.0363), and ruining their plans for the future (p=.0161). The international students, who live mostly not at their homes and have a higher stress level (p=.0227), showed higher interest to COVID-19-related news (p=.0001), they were stricter in taking preventive measures: in wearing a mask, washing hands, keeping the distance in order to reduce the risk of the virus infection (p=.0009).ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 outbreak, both the international and domestic students are calm in perceiving the threat to their health and life. At the same time, with a higher stress level, the international students are more watchful concerning the situation of COVID-19 spread, and they more strictly obey the restrictive measures.
Stendhal syndrome: Can art make you ill?
Authors: Marinho G. , Peta J. , Pereira J. , Marguilho M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionA psychosomatic disorder, Stendhal Syndrome, causes tachycardia, dizziness, sweating, disorientation, fainting, and confusion when someone is looking at artwork with which he or she connects deeply emotionally. In 1817, a French author named Marie-Henri Beyle, whose pseudonym was Stendhal, described his experience visiting the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence and feeling overwhelmed by all the beauty and rich history surrounding him. Over a century later, visitors to Florence continued to suffer from similar symptoms. In 1979, Dr. Graziella Magherini, Chief of Psychiatry at the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence, observed more than 100 tourists who were hospitalized after looking at art in Florence and coined the term Stendhal Syndrome.ObjectivesTo review literature on Stendhal syndrome, a bizarre travel-related syndrome.MethodsPubMed and Google Scholar search using the keywords Stendhal syndrome, travel syndromes, culture shockResultsVictims are typically impressionable, single people between 26-40 years old, who are stressed by travel and may be struggling with jet lag. For art lovers, the thrill of arriving somewhere like Florence that gathers so much famous art is like meeting all your heroes at once. This strange aesthetic sickness is surely evidence of the special power of Renaissance art.ConclusionsStendhal Syndrome does not currently appear in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). Psychiatrists have however, documented the syndrome in medical journals and advise that tourists pace themselves in art museums and get enough rest in between viewings of Italy’s breathtaking, powerful masterpieces.
Arts-based research in psychiatry: A way to the examination of the popular beliefs about mental disorders
Authors: Pavez F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionResearch about the depictions of psychiatry and mental disorders in popular culture has been scarce and often lacks systematized research strategies. However, this tendency has changed in the last few years and it is now possible to find articles which investigate the social representations of mental illness through the analysis of the media, music, films, and other artistic manifestations. One possible indication of the emerging relevance of this topic is the inclusion of the MeSH term ‘Medicine in the Arts’ in the database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine in 2018.ObjectivesTo understand prevalent ideas regarding mental illness and psychiatry in a specific time and place by using artistic and cultural productions as data sources.MethodsContent and Thematic AnalysisResultsIn this communication I present examples from the content and thematic analysis of 7,777 Spanish Punk Songs (1981-2010) referring to psychoses, suicide and related behaviors, and other interesting issues for the psychiatric field.ConclusionsThe study of the products of popular culture can give us information about common ideas present in the social imaginary regarding mental disease. One advantage of this type of study is the public character of the data. In addition, the fact that artistic productions persist over time enables access to information which could not be gathered through other qualitative research designs. In this way, the products of popular culture could be seen as what I call ‘cultural fossils’, which can be ‘traced back’ to the historical time in which they were produced.
The perceptions of turkish immigrants towards discrimination and racism during the last ten years: An empirical analysis of quantitative survey data
Authors: Herbrüggen E.D. Cindik 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionTurkish people immigrated to Germany initially as guest workers since the 1950s. Even though some Turkish immigrants resist to integrate culturally in order to preserve their traditions, those who immigrated during the last ten years considered themselves as part of the German society. It is hypothesized that Turkish immigrants experience more discrimination in the labor market and in education life since the early years of immigration. In addition, they feel more discriminated in comparison to immigrants from other nations.ObjectivesThis paper aims to investigate the perceptions of Turkish immigrants towards discrimination in their daily lives. Besides, the relationship between being discriminated and having mental disorders is investigated.Methods125 participants aged between 18 to 70 years were surveyed through a specific questionnaire. Moreover, face to face interviews were held to gain more insights into participants perception of discrimination.The relationship between being discriminated and having mental disorders was analyzed.ResultsThe preliminary findings illustrate that while the perception of the elderly Turkish immigrants towards discrimination is higher, the younger immigrants feel more integrated and in the society. Turkish immigrants mostly experience discrimination in education life (27.3 %), labor market (30. 8.%), and while house seeking (50.3 %). 38.5 % participants also indicate that they felt very depressed and stressful after they experienced discrimination during the last ten years. Turkish immigrants (58 %) feel more discriminated in comparison to other immigrants.ConclusionsThe results of the study demonstrate that there is a relationship between having mental disorders and being discriminated in daily life as an immigrant.
Vaginismus: Sociodemographic profile and cultural aspects
Authors: Bader S. , Abbes W. , Mahdhaoui W. , Ltaif W. , Ghanmi L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionVaginismus is the most common reason for unconsummated marriages in Tunisia.ObjectivesTo describe the socio-demographic profile and to explore the clinical and cultural aspects of sexual functioning of women with vaginismus.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study established over a period of 3 months from the November 1st, 2019 to January 31st, 2020. This study focused on a population of women with vaginismus recruited from outpatient consultations of the hospital’s gynecology and psychiatry departments at the regional hospital of Gabes. We used a pre-established sheet exploring socio-demographic data, medical and gyneco-obstetric history and informations concerning the partner, the marital relationship and the woman’s sexual activity.Results35 women were included. They had a mean age of 30 years, jobless (54.5%) and with a secondary or university education (91.1%). The mean duration of marriage was 2.4 years. Partner had mean age of 36 and suffering from sexual dysfunction (21.3%). Among women, 12.5% had been sexually abused, 51.6% had suffered “Tasfih”, 70% had attended discussions about painful defloration. Vaginismus was primary in 85.7% and total in 50% of the cases. About the received thoughts of the women, 40% thought that vaginismus requires medical treatment, 13 of them (40%) thought that the disorder could be resolved spontaneously and 20% believed in a story of witchcraft. 85% consulted a physician and 24.2% a traditional therapist.ConclusionsVaginismus seems to be influenced by psychological and sociocultural factors so that a good psychoeducation of brides could reduce the incidence of this sexual disorder.Conflict of interestNo significant relationships.
Psychological rapid response to population movements in democratic republic of congo (DRC)
Authors: Dozio E. , Bizouerne C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn DRC, the North Kivu province has been plagued by recurring humanitarian crises for nearly two decades, with multiple displacements of populations triggered low intensity armed inter-communal conflicts spread throughout nearly all territories. 818,605 people (displaced, returnees and indigenous) affected by these movements are in alarming psychosocial vulnerability.ObjectivesIn 2019, the NGO Action contre la Faim started a psychological intervention with the objective to contribute to reducing the vulnerability of conflict-affected populations.MethodsParticipants have been identified through psychoeducation sessions in the community in which people recognizing corresponding symptoms in themselves were evaluated through a short one-on-one interview. Persons identified as particularly in distress, including those who have experienced gender-based violence, have been involved in a short group therapeutic intervention. Two different options have been proposed in order to evaluate the most effective for the specific context: six sessions with a weekly or bi-weekly frequency.Results767 people participated in the psychosocial intervention, 457 with weekly frequency and 310 bi-weekly. The measures of post traumatic symptoms (PCL-5), anxiety and depression (HAD) and resilience (CD-RISC) show that the two approaches have the same positive effects. This is very important in volatile contexts with difficulties of access to the population due to security problems.ConclusionsThe fact that even a short intervention focused on a bi-weekly frequency, can reduce the distress and increase the psychological resilience of populations living in contexts of conflict, gives us the possibility of intervening in areas with limited access, while guaranteeing therapeutic efficacy.
The results of PHQ-9 screening of latvian general population in 2019-2020
Authors: Vinogradova V.V. , Kivite-Urtane A. , Vrublevska J. , Rancans E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionUnder-diagnosis of depression is a concerning problem for Latvia. According to our previous research at least 115 000 new cases have to be diagnosed each year, but the data of National Health Service show that most of the cases remain undiagnosed and untreated.ObjectivesTo determine the point prevalence of depressive episode and associated factors in Latvian general population.MethodsComputer assisted face-to-face interviews were carried out between November 2019 and March 2020 to gather information on a representative sample of the Latvian adult population (n=2687). The study sample was selected using a stratified random sampling method. The participants were interviewed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9; a score of ≥10 was defined as indicating the presence of a clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression was applied.ResultsThere were 1238 males (46.1%) and 1449 females (53.9%) recruited. Mean age of respondents was 49.9 (SD 18.2). The point prevalence of depressive episode in general population was 6.5% with statistically significant difference between genders: 4.8% in men and 7.7% in women (p=0.02). Lower level of education (p<0.001) and unemployment (p=0.01) were statistically significant associated factors for depressive episode among women. The odds of having depressive episode were higher in male urban dwellers (p=0.03) (but not in the capital city) and in man, who live separately, are divorced or widowed (p=0.004).ConclusionsFemales, especially unemployed women and those with unfinished education, are at particular significant risk of depression, which should be adressed in developing prevention strategy and screening programmes of depression.
Behaviours of general practitioners in the city of douala’s in cameroon in front of depressive disorders
Authors: Michael T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn Cameroon, skepticism and neglect of doctors towards patients with mental disorders is noted. In order to change this, it was important to have an objective assessment. Depressive disorders are the most common form of mental disorders and Douala has the second largest number of general practitioners in the country. Thus, we proposed to evaluate the behaviour of general practitioners in Douala in front of patients with depressive disorders.ObjectivesEvaluate the frequency of depressive disorders in outpatient general consultation Evaluate the competence of general practitioners at diagnosing depressive disorders Evaluate the practices of general practitioners towards depressive disorders Evaluate obstacles faced by general practitioners regarding depressive disordersMethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study from February to June 2017 in the outpatient department. For each general practitioner include, we had 3 patients who complete the patient health questionnaire to find out if the patient has depression. During each consultation, we filled out a clinical fact sheet to determine if the general practitioner had diagnosed a depressive disorder. If so, what care has he taken? Finally, we gave the general practitioner a questionnaire to know his difficulties when facing depression.ResultsWe obtained a frequency of 32.5% of depressive disorders in consultation of general medicine in Douala and a rate of diagnosis by general practitioners of 1.92%. Diagnosed cases have just received counseling.Conclusionsin Cameroon, despite the low interest in depressive disorders, they constitute a public health issue in Douala, and surely in Cameroon; Because of its frequency and the harm, they inflict on patients.Conflict of interestI don’t have any conflict of interest
Emotional blunting and cognitive profile in elderly depressed patients in treatment with vortioxetine
Authors: Franza F. , Solomita B. , Colucci A. , Perito M. , Pellegrino F. , Buono G. Del , Tavormina G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAntidepressants in older people have experienced their increase in medical prescriptions in recent decades whit comorbidity with other pathologies and drug polytherapies. With the use of antidepressants, can be observed side and unwanted effects (e.g. emotional blunting). Vortioxetine is a new antidepressant agent which promises fewer side effects.ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, side effects (e.g emotional blunting) and cognitive profileMethods45 elderly patients affected by MDD (DSM-5) were recruited in our observational study. All patients were treated with vortioxetine for 12 months. Physiological and pathological parameters were collected at baseline (T0), after 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2); 12 months (T3). All patients were administered the following scales: GDS; MMSE; QLi; ODQ. The statistical data were processed with EZAnalyze.Results33.33% of patients had a score in the “unlikely depression” GDS group. The ANOVA ODQ “Total” results indicate that at least two of the repeated measures differ significantly. Data of the “antidepressant as cause” dimension are interesting [T0 vs T3 (P-Unadjusted .000; P-Bonferroni .000; T-value 5.687. MMSE scores are indicative of one small but not significant difference. Mean QLIndex scores did not show statistically significant changes, but are indicative of positive changes from the baseline scoreConclusionsVortioxetine resulted in partial reduction of depression. There was a moderate non-statistically significant increase in body weight, glycidic and lipid profiles. Overall data highlight the importance and role that vortioxetine can have in the management of depressive symptoms in elderly subjects. The handling, effectiveness and reduced side effects of the molecule are emphasized.
Childhood trauma influences the age of onset and severity of major depressive disorder via brain function
Authors: Chen S. , Yuan Y. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAssociations between childhood trauma (CT), social support (SS), brain functions and major depressive disorder (MDD) is unknown.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether brain functions mediated associations between CT, SS, and MDD.Methods164 MDD and 98 healthy controls (HC) were recruited and measured by HAMD-24 and HAMA. Some completed CT questionnaire (CTQ) and social support rating scale (SSRS). We examined amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) between the two groups and correlations between HAMD-24, HAMA and ALFF in MDD. Then, the peak voxels of the ALFF changed regions were used as seeds to analyze whole-brain functional connectivity (FC). Next, correlations between FC and clinical variables of MDD were performed. Last, mediation analysis was used to further determine whether ALFF or FC could mediate the associations between CT, SS, and different clinical variables in MDD patients.ResultsCompared to HC, MDD showed decreased ALFF in right posterior cingulate (PCC_R), left postcentral gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and left thalamus (THA_L), but increased ALFF in right medial frontal gyrus, left subgenual anterior cingulate, and left middle occipital gyrus as well as decreased FC in bilateral PCC and THA_R. HAMD-24 had negative correlation with ALFF of THA_L, while positive with sexual abuse (SA) score in MDD. Mediation analysis revealed that FC of PCC_R mediated association between SA and baseline HAMD-24, and itself or together with SS mediated association between CT and onset age of MDD.ConclusionsCT may influence the depression severity and onset age of MDD by moderating FC of PCC_R only or together with SS.