bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous contrast medium extravasation: systematic review and updated ESUR Contrast Media Safety Committee Guidelines
Authors: Roditi Giles , Khan Nadir , van der Molen Aart J. , Bellin Marie-France , Bertolotto Michele , Brismar Torkel , Correas Jean-Michel , Dekkers Ilona A. , Geenen Remy W. F. , Heinz-Peer Gertraud , Mahnken Andreas H. , Quattrocchi Carlo C. , Radbruch Alexander , Reimer Peter , Romanini Laura , Stacul Fulvio , Thomsen Henrik S. , Clément Olivier 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Need for a review
Guidelines for management and prevention of contrast media extravasation have not been updated recently. In view of emerging research and changing working practices, this review aims to inform update on the current guidelines.

Areas covered
In this paper, we review the literature pertaining to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, risk factors and treatments of contrast media extravasation. A suggested protocol and guidelines are recommended based upon the available literature.

Key Points
• Risk of extravasation is dependent on scanning technique and patient risk factors.
• Diagnosis is mostly clinical, and outcomes are mostly favourable.
• Referral to surgery should be based on clinical severity rather than extravasated volume.
The importance of multi-modal imaging and clinical information for humans and AI-based algorithms to classify breast masses (INSPiRED 003): an international, multicenter analysis
Authors: Pfob André , Sidey-Gibbons Chris , Barr Richard G. , Duda Volker , Alwafai Zaher , Balleyguier Corinne , Clevert Dirk-André , Fastner Sarah , Gomez Christina , Goncalo Manuela , Gruber Ines , Hahn Markus , Hennigs André , Kapetas Panagiotis , Lu Sheng-Chieh , Nees Juliane , Ohlinger Ralf , Riedel Fabian , Rutten Matthieu , Schaefgen Benedikt , Schuessler Maximilian , Stieber Anne , Togawa Riku , Tozaki Mitsuhiro , Wojcinski Sebastian , Xu Cai , Rauch Geraldine , Heil Joerg , Golatta Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
AI-based algorithms for medical image analysis showed comparable performance to human image readers. However, in practice, diagnoses are made using multiple imaging modalities alongside other data sources. We determined the importance of this multi-modal information and compared the diagnostic performance of routine breast cancer diagnosis to breast ultrasound interpretations by humans or AI-based algorithms.

Methods
Patients were recruited as part of a multicenter trial (NCT02638935). The trial enrolled 1288 women undergoing routine breast cancer diagnosis (multi-modal imaging, demographic, and clinical information). Three physicians specialized in ultrasound diagnosis performed a second read of all ultrasound images. We used data from 11 of 12 study sites to develop two machine learning (ML) algorithms using unimodal information (ultrasound features generated by the ultrasound experts) to classify breast masses which were validated on the remaining study site. The same ML algorithms were subsequently developed and validated on multi-modal information (clinical and demographic information plus ultrasound features). We assessed performance using area under the curve (AUC).

Results
Of 1288 breast masses, 368 (28.6%) were histopathologically malignant. In the external validation set (n = 373), the performance of the two unimodal ultrasound ML algorithms (AUC 0.83 and 0.82) was commensurate with performance of the human ultrasound experts (AUC 0.82 to 0.84; p for all comparisons > 0.05). The multi-modal ultrasound ML algorithms performed significantly better (AUC 0.90 and 0.89) but were statistically inferior to routine breast cancer diagnosis (AUC 0.95, p for all comparisons ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions
The performance of humans and AI-based algorithms improves with multi-modal information.

Key Points
• The performance of humans and AI-based algorithms improves with multi-modal information.
• Multimodal AI-based algorithms do not necessarily outperform expert humans.
• Unimodal AI-based algorithms do not represent optimal performance to classify breast masses.
Transcriptome-wide association study of coronary artery disease identifies novel susceptibility genes
Authors: Li Ling , Chen Zhifen , von Scheidt Moritz , Li Shuangyue , Steiner Andrea , Güldener Ulrich , Koplev Simon , Ma Angela , Hao Ke , Pan Calvin , Lusis Aldons J. , Pang Shichao , Kessler Thorsten , Ermel Raili , Sukhavasi Katyayani , Ruusalepp Arno , Gagneur Julien , Erdmann Jeanette , Kovacic Jason C. , Björkegren Johan L. M. , Schunkert Heribert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe majority of risk loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are in non-coding regions, hampering their functional interpretation. Instead, transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) identify gene-trait associations, which can be used to prioritize candidate genes in disease-relevant tissue(s). Here, we aimed to systematically identify susceptibility genes for coronary artery disease (CAD) by TWAS. We trained prediction models of nine CAD-relevant tissues using EpiXcan based on two genetics-of-gene-expression panels, the Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task (STARNET) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). Based on these prediction models, we imputed gene expression of respective tissues from individual-level genotype data on 37,997 CAD cases and 42,854 controls for the subsequent gene-trait association analysis. Transcriptome-wide significant association (i.e. P < 3.85e−6) was observed for 114 genes. Of these, 96 resided within previously identified GWAS risk loci and 18 were novel. Stepwise analyses were performed to study their plausibility, biological function, and pathogenicity in CAD, including analyses for colocalization, damaging mutations, pathway enrichment, phenome-wide associations with human data and expression-traits correlations using mouse data. Finally, CRISPR/Cas9-based gene knockdown of two newly identified TWAS genes, RGS19 and KPTN, in a human hepatocyte cell line resulted in reduced secretion of APOB100 and lipids in the cell culture medium. Our CAD TWAS work (i) prioritized candidate causal genes at known GWAS loci, (ii) identified 18 novel genes to be associated with CAD, and iii) suggested potential tissues and pathways of action for these TWAS CAD genes.
Chromosome aberrations among atomic-bomb survivors exposed in utero: updated analysis accounting for revised radiation doses and smoking
Authors: Cologne John , Sugiyama Hiromi , Hamasaki Kanya , Tatsukawa Yoshimi , French Benjamin , Sakata Ritsu , Misumi Munechika 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA previous study of peripheral blood lymphocyte translocations around age 40 among atomic-bomb survivors exposed in utero revealed no overall association with radiation dose—despite a clear association between translocations and dose among their mothers—but the data suggested an increase at doses below 100 mGy with a definite peak. That analysis of the in utero-exposed survivors did not adjust for their subsequent smoking behavior, an established cause of chromosomal aberrations, or their subsequent exposures to medical irradiation, a potential mediator. In addition, atomic-bomb survivor radiation dose estimates have subsequently been updated and refined. We therefore re-estimated the dose response using the latest DS02R1 dose estimates and adjusting for smoking as well as for city and proximal–distal location at the time of exposure to the atomic bomb. Sex of the survivor, mother’s age around the time of conception, and approximate trimester of gestation at the time of exposure were also considered as explanatory variables and modifiers. Precision of the estimated dose response was slightly lower due to greater variability near zero in the updated dose estimates, but there was little change in evidence of a low-dose increase and still no suggestion of an overall increase across the entire dose range. Adjustment for smoking behavior led to a decline in background number of translocations (the dose–response intercept), but smoking did not interact with dose overall (across the entire dose range). Adjustment for medical irradiation did not alter the association between dose and translocation frequency. Sex, mother’s age, and trimester were not associated with number of translocations, nor did they interact with dose overall. Interactions with dose in the low-dose range could not be evaluated because of numerical instability.
The use of HCT and/or ACE inhibitors significantly increases the risk of non-melanotic skin cancer in the periocular region
Authors: Mehlan Juliane , Ueberschaar Julian , Hagenström K. , Garbe C. , Spitzer M. S. , Druchkiv V. , Schuettauf F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background/Aims
To investigate a possible association between the use of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and/or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) and the occurrence of periocular non-melanoma skin cancer.

Methods
The files of 929 patients from the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf who were surgically treated for suspected periocular malignancy were evaluated retrospectively regarding the occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer and concomitant medication. To be able to put the data in an overall context, we also analyzed age-matched routine data of the DAK-Gesundheit (DAK-G), a nationwide operating German health insurance company.

Results
Of the 929 patient records examined, who underwent surgical excision for suspected non-melanotic malignancy, non-melanocytic skin cancer could actually be determined by histology in 199 patients. In total, 176 patients (103 women, 72 men) had a basal cell carcinoma and 23 patients (16 women, 7 men) suffered from squamous cell carcinoma. The rate of intake of HCT or ACE inhibitors in our patient collective with non-melanotic skin cancer is significantly higher than in the general age-matched population (ORACE: 2.51, p < 0.001; ORHCT: 7.24, p < 0.001, ORBOTH: 4.61, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The rate of intake of HCT or ACE inhibitors is significantly higher in our patient collective with non-melanotic skin cancer compared to the group from the age-matched general population (DAK insured (p < 0.001)) compared to the routine data of the DAK-G. This leads us to the conclusion that taking the medication is associated with an increased risk for non-melanotic skin cancer. We recommend regular skin cancer screening, moderate ordination of photosensitizing medication, but above all comprehensive clarification of possible risks.
Fast and Longest Rollercoasters
Authors: Gawrychowski Paweł , Manea Florin , Serafin Radosław 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor$$k\ge 3$$k≥3, ak-rollercoasteris a sequence of numbers whose every maximal contiguous subsequence, that is increasing or decreasing, has length at leastk; 3-rollercoasters are called simply rollercoasters. Given a sequence of distinct real numbers, we are interested in computing its maximum-length (not necessarily contiguous) subsequence that is ak-rollercoaster. Biedl et al. (in: ICALP, volume 107 of LIPIcs. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, pp 18:1–18:15, 2018) have shown that each sequence ofndistinct real numbers contains a rollercoaster of length at least$$\lceil n/2\rceil $$⌈n/2⌉for$$n>7$$n>7, and that a longest rollercoaster contained in such a sequence can be computed in$$O(n\log n)$$O(nlogn)-time (or faster, in$$O(n \log \log n)$$O(nloglogn)time, when the input sequence is a permutation of$$\{1,\ldots ,n\}$${1,…,n}). They have also shown that every sequence of$$n\geqslant (k-1)^2+1$$n⩾(k-1)2+1distinct real numbers contains ak-rollercoaster of length at least$$\frac{n}{2(k-1)}-\frac{3k}{2}$$n2(k-1)-3k2, and gave an$$O(nk\log n)$$O(nklogn)-time (respectively,$$O(n k\log \log n)$$O(nkloglogn)-time) algorithm computing a longestk-rollercoaster in a sequence of lengthn(respectively, a permutation of$$\{1,\ldots ,n\}$${1,…,n}). In this paper, we give an$$O(nk^2)$$O(nk2)-time algorithm computing the length of a longestk-rollercoaster contained in a sequence ofndistinct real numbers; hence, for constantk, our algorithm computes the length of a longestk-rollercoaster in optimal linear time. The algorithm can be easily adapted to output the respectivek-rollercoaster. In particular, this improves the results of Biedl et al. (2018), by showing that a longest rollercoaster can be computed in optimal linear time. We also present an algorithm computing the length of a longestk-rollercoaster in$$O(n \log ^2 n)$$O(nlog2n)-time, that is, subquadratic even for large values of$$k\le n$$k≤n. Again, the rollercoaster can be easily retrieved. Finally, we show an$$\Omega (n \log k)$$Ω(nlogk)lower bound for the number of comparisons in any comparison-based algorithm computing the length of a longestk-rollercoaster.
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in combination with skin thermography in obesity: a window on sympathetic nervous system
Authors: Ferrulli Anna , Gandini Sara , Cammarata Giulio , Redaelli Veronica , Massarini Stefano , Macrì Concetta , Terruzzi Ileana , Cannavaro Daniele , Luzi Fabio , Luzi Livio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsObesity is known to be associated with an altered thermoregulation as well as a dysregulation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Considering the ability of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) to modulate the SNS, we hypothesized a potential role of dTMS in affecting thermoregulation in obesity. Aims of the study were to monitor the effect of a single session of dTMS on body temperature in subjects with obesity, and to correlate the dTMS-induced changes in body temperature with activation of the SNS (epinephrine and norepinephrine release).MethodsTwenty-nine subjects with obesity [5 M, 24 F; age 50 (IQR: 58, 38) yrs; BMI 36.1 (IQR: 33.9, 38.7) kg/m2] were randomized into 2 groups receiving a single session of high frequency stimulation (HF) or sham stimulation. Under neutral thermal conditions, infrared thermography was utilized to assess bilateral fingernail-beds and abdominal temperature.ResultsDuring a single session HF, the average temperature of both fingernail-beds decreased. Right-hand temperature difference was statistically greater in HFvsSham: median = – 1.45 (IQR: – 2.0, – 1.0) °C for HF,p = 0.009. While temperature variation in the fingernail-bed of left hand was not statistically significant in HF compared to Sham: median = – 1.26 (IQR: – 1.6, –0.5) °C,p = 0.064. Concurrently, when estimating the effect of norepinephrine variation on temperature change of fingernail-bed of left hand, a borderline significant positive association was estimated (beta = 1.09,p = 0.067) in HF.ConclusionsDeep TMS revealed to be effective in modulating temperature in subjects with obesity, partially reversing obesity-induced alterations in heat production and dissipation with a potential SNS-mediated mechanism.
Happier during lockdown: a descriptive analysis of self-reported wellbeing in 17,000 UK school students during Covid-19 lockdown
Authors: Soneson Emma , Puntis Stephen , Chapman Nikki , Mansfield Karen L. , Jones Peter B. , Fazel Mina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRelatively little research has focused on children and young people (CYP) whose mental health and wellbeing improved during Covid-19 lockdown measures. We aimed to (1) determine the proportion of CYP who self-reported improvement in their mental wellbeing during the first Covid-19 lockdown and (2) describe the characteristics of this group in relation to their peers. We conducted a descriptive analysis of data from the 2020 OxWell Student Survey, a self-report, cross-sectional survey of English CYP. A total of 16,940 CYP primarily aged 8–18 years reported on change in mental wellbeing during lockdown. We characterised these CYP in terms of school, home, relational, and lifestyle factors as well as feelings about returning to school. One-third (33%) of CYP reported improved mental wellbeing during the first UK national lockdown. Compared with peers who reported no change or deterioration, a higher proportion of CYP with improved mental wellbeing reported improved relationships with friends and family, less loneliness and exclusion, reduced bullying, better management of school tasks, and more sleep and exercise during lockdown. In conclusion, a sizeable minority of CYP reported improved mental wellbeing during lockdown. Determining the reasons why these CYP felt they fared better during lockdown and considering how these beneficial experiences can be maintained beyond the pandemic might provide insights into how to promote the future mental health and wellbeing of school-aged CYP. All those working with CYP now have an opportunity to consider whether a systemic shift is needed in order to understand and realise any learnings from experiences during the pandemic.
Geometry of the modelled freshwater/salt-water interface under variable-density-driven flow (Pétrola Lake, SE Spain)
Authors: Sanz D. , Valiente N. , Dountcheva I. , Muñoz-Martín A. , Cassiraga E. , Gómez-Alday J. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPétrola Lake in southeast Spain is one of the most representative examples of hypersaline wetlands in southern Europe. The rich ecosystem and environmental importance of this lake are closely associated with the hydrogeological behaviour of the system. The wetland is fed by the underlying aquifer with relatively fresh groundwater—1 g L−1 of total dissolved solids (TDS)—with a centripetal direction towards the wetland. In addition, the high evaporation rates of the region promote an increase in the concentration of salts in the lake water, occasionally higher than 80 g L−1 TDS. The density difference between the superficial lake water and the regional groundwater can reach up to 0.25 g cm−3, causing gravitational instability and density-driven flow (DDF) under the lake bottom. The objective of this study was to gain an understanding of the geometry of the freshwater–saltwater interface by means of two-dimensional mathematical modelling and geophysical-resistivity-profile surveys. The magnitude and direction of mixed convective flows, generated by DDF, support the hypothesis that the autochthonous reactive organic matter produced in the lake by biomass can be transported effectively towards the freshwater–saltwater interface areas (e.g. springs in the lake edge), where previous research described biogeochemical processes of natural attenuation of nitrate pollution.
Clinical outcome of neurological patients with COVID-19: the impact of healthcare organization improvement between waves
Authors: Cristillo Viviana , Pilotto Andrea , Benussi Alberto , Libri Ilenia , Giunta Marcello , Morotti Andrea , Gipponi Stefano , Locatelli Martina , Piccinelli Stefano Cotti , Mazzoleni Valentina , di Cola Francesca Schiano , Masciocchi Stefano , Pezzini Debora , Scalvini Andrea , Premi Enrico , Cottini Elisabetta , Gamba Massimo , Magoni Mauro , Fontanella Marco Maria , Padovani Alessandro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences in clinical presentations and the impact of healthcare organization on outcomes of neurological COVID-19 patients admitted during the first and second pandemic waves.

Methods
In this single-center cohort study, we included all patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a Neuro-COVID Unit. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were compared between patients admitted during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Two hundred twenty-three patients were included, of whom 112 and 111 were hospitalized during the first and second pandemic waves, respectively. Patients admitted during the second wave were younger and exhibited pulmonary COVID-19 severity, resulting in less oxygen support (n = 41, 36.9% vs n = 79, 70.5%, p < 0.001) and lower mortality rates (14.4% vs 31.3%, p = 0.004). The different healthcare strategies and early steroid treatment emerged as significant predictors of mortality independently from age, pre-morbid conditions and COVID-19 severity in Cox regression analyses.

Conclusions
Differences in healthcare strategies during the second phase of the COVID-19 pandemic probably explain the differences in clinical outcomes independently of disease severity, underlying the importance of standardized early management of neurological patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Towards a cultural lens for adaptation pathways to climate change
Authors: Marks Danny , Bayrak Mucahid Mustafa , Jahangir Selim , Henig David , Bailey Ajay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdaptation pathways have been conventionally viewed as an approach for planning and identifying different adaptation options and the ways in which they can be realized. However, there has been scant consideration of the wide diversity of cultural and social processes which shape how adaptation pathways emerge. We argue that a cultural lens sheds light on differential vulnerability and the processes that enable or hinder adaptation. A cultural lens focuses intrinsically on intersectional categories which can impact the adaptive agency or resilience of individuals, households, and communities. In particular, we need to examine how cultural beliefs, norms, and practices change over time, and are reflected in adaptation pathways since livelihoods do not remain the same over the life course. Additionally, taking a broader perspective by incorporating concepts from cognitive anthropology helps us understand motivations and choices which influence adaptation pathways.
Determinants of the incidence of non-academic staff in European and US HEIs
Authors: Avenali Alessandro , Daraio Cinzia , Wolszczak-Derlacz Joanna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, we contribute to the scant literature covering quantitative studies on the determinants of the non-academic staff incidence in higher education institutions by analysing how the proportion of non-academic staff is related to key features such as size, prestige, year of foundation and financial structure of universities. We apply nonlinear regression analysis to compare HEIs across Europe and the USA, taking into account time and cross-country heterogeneity of the two balanced panel datasets concerning European and American universities over a period of 6 years (2011–2016 for Europe and 2012–2017 for the USA). Evidence suggests that in both Europe and the USA, public and larger (if sufficiently large) as well as more research-oriented units are characterised by a higher proportion of non-academic staff. In Europe, we observe an inverted U-shaped effect of the share of non-personnel expenditure and the foundation year on the proportion of non-academic staff, while the proportion of non-academic staff decreases with the share of core and third-party funding. For the USA, we obtain similar findings except that the share of core funding and third-party funding is characterised by a U-shaped effect, and the impact of the share of non-personnel expenditure has no empirical effect on the proportion of non-academic staff. Additionally, we discover that some factors that contribute to the proportion of non-academic staff may constitute indicators of performance, suggesting the need for further research to extend our knowledge on the complex issue of the role played by non-academic staff in university performance.
Fluid Leakage in Static Rubber Seals
Authors: Persson B. N. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInterfacial surface roughness can result in fluid leakage of seals, and in the design of seals it is standard to give an upper limit for the surface root-mean-square (rms) roughness amplitude $$h_\text{rms}$$

h
rms

. However, $$h_\text{rms}$$

h
rms

is determined mainly by the long-wavelength roughness, which is (nearly) irrelevant for the sealing. I discuss the parameters which determine the leakage of seals, and present results for static rubber seals with circular cross-section (like rubber O-rings). I also study the influence of the fluid pressure on the interfacial surface separation and the leakrate.
Graphical Abstract