bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicted wind and solar energy expansion has minimal overlap with multiple conservation priorities across global regions
Authors: Dunnett Sebastian , Holland Robert A. , Taylor Gail , Eigenbrod Felix 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Conservation scientists warn of the threat to area-based conservation posed by renewable energy infrastructure. Here, we show that the current and near-term overlap of the two land uses need not be as severe as previously suggested. This is important, as global efforts to decarbonize energy systems are central to mitigating against climate change and the strong negative impacts of projected climate change on biodiversity.
The embryonic node behaves as an instructive stem cell niche for axial elongation
Authors: Solovieva Tatiana , Lu Hui-Chun , Moverley Adam , Plachta Nicolas , Stern Claudio D. 
Published: January 2022

SignificancePrevious studies have suggested that the amniote node (Hensen’s node) contains a small population of self-renewing resident cells whose progeny progressively lay down axial tissues, including notochord and somites. This can only be demonstrated definitively at the level of single cells. Here we ask whether the node is an environment that can confer this behavior on cells that enter it. We challenge single cells in vivo and mRNA-profile these cells to demonstrate that the node can indeed do this, and thus show that the node acts as an instructive niche.
Preferences predict who commits crime among young men
Authors: Epper Thomas , Fehr Ernst , Hvidberg Kristoffer Balle , Kreiner Claus Thustrup , Leth-Petersen Søren , Nytoft Rasmussen Gregers 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceWho commits crime? Theoretically, risk-tolerant and impatient people are more likely to commit crime because they care less about the risks of apprehension and punishment. By linking experimental data on risk tolerance and impatience of young men to administrative crime records, we find empirical support for this hypothesis. For example, crime rates are 8 to 10 percentage points higher for the most risk-tolerant people compared to the most risk averse. A theoretical implication is that those who are most prone to commit crime are also those who are least responsive to stricter law enforcement. Risk tolerance and impatience significantly predict property crime, while self-control is a stronger predictor of crimes of passion (violent, drug, and sexual offenses).
The cardiac-enriched microprotein mitolamban regulates mitochondrial respiratory complex assembly and function in mice
Authors: Makarewich Catherine A. , Munir Amir Z. , Bezprozvannaya Svetlana , Gibson Aaron M. , Young Kim Soo , Martin-Sandoval Misty S. , Mathews Thomas P. , Szweda Luke I. , Bassel-Duby Rhonda , Olson Eric N. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Microproteins are a growing class of versatile small proteins previously overlooked by standard gene annotation methods due to their small size. Here we characterize mitolamban as a cardiac-enriched inner mitochondrial membrane–localized microprotein, which interacts with complex III of the electron transport chain and contributes to complex III assembly and function. Mitolamban gene deletion in mice leads to a reduction in complex III activity and metabolic perturbations in the heart that are consistent with complex III deficiency, as well as altered complex III assembly into respiratory supercomplexes. These findings define a functional role for mitolamban in the heart and highlight the importance of microproteins in regulating mitochondrial function and cardiomyocyte biology.
Reichenbach meets underspecification
Authors: Seiler Guido , Weber Thilo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the long-term diachronic development of the perfect and preterite tenses in German and provides a novel analysis by supplementingReichenbach’s (1947)classical theory of tense by the notion of underspecification. Based on a newly compiled parallel corpus spanning the entire documented history of German, we show that the development in question is cyclic: It starts out with only one tense form (preterite) compatible with both current relevance and narrative past readings in (early) Old High German and, via three intermediate stages, arrives at only one tense form again (perfect) compatible with the same readings in modern Upper German dialects. We propose that in order to capture all attested stages we must allow tenses to be unspecified for R (reference time), with R merely being inferred pragmatically. We then propose that the transitions between the different stages can be explained by the interplay between semantics and pragmatics.
Fighting talk
Authors: Currie John S. G. , Clarke Ben 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Analyses on news media data in Conceptual Metaphor Theory have highlighted several frequent metaphors used to
understand climate change including climate change is conflict. This article analyses the frequency of that conceptual
metaphor in a corpus of UK parliamentary debates on climate change. The language of political decision-makers is important to
scrutinise because this group have the social and legislative power needed to deal with the issue. Our analysis shows the
conceptual metaphor itself, and all three of its most frequent linguistic realisations (‘challenge,’ ‘impact,’ ‘tackle’),
increased in use between 2015 and 2019. Additionally, three notable semantic and pragmatic trends were observed: first, apparently
little recognition of human behaviour as a cause of climate change; second, a narrative of Us/People vs Climate Change; and third,
that political decision-makers are taking climate change increasingly seriously. Some of these findings challenge existing
knowledge and thus beg questions that require future research efforts.
The development of morpho-syntactic productivity in Italian-speaking children
Authors: Miorelli Luca , Dąbrowska Ewa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
According to usage-based models of language acquisition, young children’s grammatical knowledge is best described in terms of lexically specific templates rather than abstract constructions. In this study, we tested the usage-based account by examining the acquisition of Italian, a language with relatively free word order and rich inflectional morphology. We exposed two groups of Italian-speaking children (aged 3;01 and 4;05) and adult controls to a nonce verb and to a familiar verb in an imperative construction. We then prompted production of those verbs in a different morphological form (past tense) and a different syntactic construction (transitive). While both child groups showed adult-like productivity with morphology, there were significant group differences in syntactic productivity.
Provider Perceptions of Medication for Opioid Used Disorder (MOUD): A Qualitative Study in Communities with High Opioid Overdose Death Rates
Authors: Paul Nicole , Kennedy Amy J. , Taubenberger Simone , Chang Judy C. , Hacker Karen 
Published: January 2022

Background Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) has been shown to be a safe, cost-effective intervention that successfully lowers risk of opioid overdose. However, access to and use of MOUD has been limited. Our objective was to explore attitudes, opinions, and beliefs regarding MOUD among healthcare and social service providers in a community highly impacted by the opioid overdose epidemic. Methods As part of a larger ethnographic study examining neighborhoods in Allegheny County, PA, with the highest opioid overdose death rates, semi-structured qualitative in-person and telephone interviews were conducted with forty-five providers treating persons with opioid use disorders in these communities. An open coding approach was used to code interview transcripts followed by thematic analysis. Results Three major themes were identified related to MOUD from the perspectives of our provider participants. Within a variety of health and substance use service roles and settings, provider reflections revealed: (1) different opinions about MOUD as a transition to abstinence or as a long-term treatment; (2) perceived lack of uniformity and dissemination of accurate information of MOUD care, permitting differences in care, and (3) observed barriers to entry and navigation of MOUD, including referrals as a “word-of-mouth insider system” and challenges of getting patients MOUD services when they need it. Conclusions Even in communities hard hit by the opioid overdose epidemic, healthcare providers’ disagreement about the standard of care for MOUD can be a relevant obstacle. These insights can inform efforts to improve MOUD treatment and access for people with opioid use disorders.
Action observation and motor learning: The role of action observation in learning judo techniques
Authors: Francisco Victor , Decatoire Arnaud , Bidet‐Ildei Christel 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTWithin the theoretical framework of embodied cognition, several experiments have shown the existence of links between action observation and motor learning. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of an observational learning protocol (action observation training: AOT) of point‐light‐display (PLD) in judoka. Twenty participants were given 7 days to learn Go‐No‐Sen. During this time period, all of the participants received conventional kata training consisting of Uchi‐komi and Nage‐komi (repetition of techniques) on tatami. In addition to this conventional learning, the experimental group watched 5 min of PLD video representing the different kata techniques, whereas the control group watched neutral videos during the same time period. After the learning period, both the qualitative and biomechanical performances on the kata and the transfer abilities were assessed. The results showed better biomechanical performance and transfer ability in the experimental group than in the control group. Therefore, this first experiment suggests that observational learning of PLD may be beneficial for the acquisition of judo techniques. Future experiments will be needed to specify the mechanisms that are involved in this effect.
Unitarity, clock dependence and quantum recollapse in quantum cosmology
Authors: Gielen Steffen , Menéndez-Pidal Lucía 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We continue our analysis of a quantum cosmology model describing a flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker Universe filled with a (free) massless scalar field and an arbitrary perfect fluid. For positive energy density in the scalar and fluid, each classical solution has a singularity and expands to infinite volume. When quantising we view the cosmological dynamics in relational terms, using one degree of freedom as a clock for the others. Three natural candidates for this clock are the volume, a time variable conjugate to the perfect fluid, and the scalar field. We have previously shown that requiring unitary evolution in the ‘fluid’ time leads to a boundary condition at the singularity and generic singularity resolution, while in the volume time semiclassical states follow the classical singular trajectories. Here we analyse the third option of using the scalar field as a clock, finding further dramatic differences to the previous cases: the boundary condition arising from unitarity is now at infinity. Rather than singularity resolution, this theory features a quantum recollapse of the Universe at large volume, as was shown in a similar context by Pawłowski and Ashtekar. We illustrate the properties of the theory analytically and numerically, showing that the ways in which the different quantum theories do or do not depart from classical behaviour directly arise from demanding unitarity with respect to different clocks. We argue that using a Dirac quantisation would not resolve the issue. Our results further illustrate the problem of time in quantum gravity.
Effective cosmology from one-body operators in group field theory
Authors: Gielen Steffen , Marchetti Luca , Oriti Daniele , Polaczek Axel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We propose a new method for obtaining an effective Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) cosmology from the quantum gravity dynamics of group field theory (GFT), based on the idea that an FLRW universe is characterised by a few macroscopic observables. Rather than relying on assuming a particular type of quantum state and computing expectation values in such a state, here we directly start from relations between macroscopic observables (defined as one-body operators) and formulate dynamics only for those observables. We apply the effective approach to constrained quantum systems (as developed by Bojowald and collaborators) to GFT, providing a systematic expansion in powers of ℏ. We obtain a kinematical phase space of expectation values and moments, which does not require an a priori choice of clock variable. We identify a gauge fixing of the system which corresponds to choosing one of the cosmological variables (with the role of extrinsic curvature) as a clock and which allows us to rewrite the effective dynamics in relational form. We show necessary and sufficient conditions for the resulting dynamics of expectation values to be compatible with those of classical FLRW cosmology and discuss the impact of quantum fluctuations.
Temperature dependent carrier transport in few-layered MoS2: from hopping to band transport
Authors: Cheng Junao , Poehler Scott , Laskar Masihhur , Ma Lu , Kannappan Santhakumar , Rajan Siddharth , Wu Yiying , Lu Wu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Understanding the carrier transport mechanisms is critical for electronic devices based on 2D semiconductors. Here, using a two-terminal device configuration, we show that the carrier transport behaviours in chemical vapour deposited few-layer MoS2 transition from resonant tunnelling to hopping, and eventually to band transport as the temperature increases from 5 K to 370 K. Specifically, the transport in the channel is dominated by resonant tunnelling when T < 30 K is reflected in the temperature-independent conductance. At 50 K < T < 110 K, the channel conductance exhibits a dependence of exp(T
1/2), a signature of Efros–Shklovskii type variable range hopping (VRH). At 110 K < T < 160 K, carrier transport behaves in a transition region with potential attribution to Mott-type VRH. At 160 K < T < 210 K, the nearest neighbour hopping mechanism is confirmed by the linear dependence from the resistance curve derivative analysis. For VRH, the localization length, hopping distance and energy, Coulomb gap energy and density of states are extracted. At T > 210 K, the carrier transport is dominated by thermally activated band transport based on AC conductance and mobility analysis. These findings are significant for revealing the material properties for future 2D semiconductor device applications.
Control of sensitivity in vortex-type magnetic tunnel junction magnetometer sensors by the pinned layer geometry
Authors: Endo Motoki , Al-Mahdawi Muftah , Oogane Mikihiko , Ando Yasuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range in linear magnetic sensors is required in various applications. We demonstrate the control and design of the sensitivity in magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensors with a vortex-type sensing layer. In this work, we develop sensor MTJs with NiFe sensing layers having a vortex magnetic configuration. We demonstrate that by varying the pinned layer size, the sensitivity to magnetic field is tuned linearly. We obtain a high magnetoresistance ratio of 140%, and we demonstrate a controllable sensitivity from 0.85% Oe−1 to 4.43% Oe−1, while keeping the vortex layer fixed in size. We compare our experimental results with micromagnetic simulations. We find that the linear displacement of vortex core by an applied field makes the design of vortex sensors simple. The control of the pinned layer geometry is an effective method to increase the sensitivity, without affecting the vortex state of the sensing layer. Furthermore, we propose that the location of the pinned layer can be used to realize more sensing functionalities from a single sensor.
The effect of particle size and relative humidity on triboelectric charge saturation
Authors: Cruise Reuben D , Hadler Kathryn , Starr Stanley O , Cilliers Jan J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Triboelectric charging is present in numerous technologies and everyday processes, providing both problems and opportunities. Despite this, there is no generalised model for the amount of charge that will build up on surfaces in contact. Here, we develop a new model for the saturation charge on triboelectrically charged spherical insulators, accounting for both equalisation of surface potentials and electrical breakdown of the surrounding medium. Experiments are conducted under controlled temperature and humidity using two independent methods, measuring the saturation charge on polymer spheres contacting grounded stainless steel. The results verify our equalisation of surface potentials model which describes how saturation charge density increases for smaller particle sizes. Key triboelectric properties are calculated: The estimated saturation charge on a flat surface and the equalisation potential between different materials, which can be used to predict charge saturation and quantify a triboelectric series. The transition radius below which electrical breakdown will cause saturation of charge is also calculated theoretically. Limitations to the model are demonstrated experimentally. As particle size reduces, a point is reached at which the electrostatic adhesion of particles to the grounded charging surface prevents further charge build-up. Furthermore, it is found that the saturation charge for smaller particles in humid conditions is greatly reduced. These calculations, and the demonstrated procedure, can serve as a tool for the design of technologies and processes influenced by triboelectric charge build-up, including triboelectric nanogenerators and electrostatic mineral separators.
Janus 2H-VSSe monolayer: two-dimensional valleytronic semiconductor with nonvolatile valley polarization
Authors: Abdollahi Mahsa , Bagheri Tagani Meysam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Valleytronic as a hot topic in recent years focuses on electrons’ valley degree of freedom as a quantum information carrier. Here, by combining two-band k.p model with high-throughput density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the valley states of Janus 2H-VSSe monolayer are studied which have spontaneous polarization. Nonvolatile valley polarization state is mainly arises from intrinsic ferromagnetism contributed by V-3d electronic configuration and not the spontaneous out-of-plane dipole moment of VSSe monolayer. The effective Hamiltonian model and DFT calculations both showed that the valley splitting mainly originates from the smaller spin splitting coming from the spin–orbit coupling effect rather than the spin splitting of magnetic exchange field. By using the effective Dirac Hamiltonian and Kubo formula, we further calculated the longitudinal and transversal conductivities and absorption spectra of VSSe monolayer which exhibits an anomalous valley Hall effect and clear valley-selective circular dichroism. Our calculations indicate that the modification of valley and spin splitting related to Berry curvature by applying an external strain is more noticeable than by the change of the magnetic moment orientation and electric field. We found that carriers accumulation with particular spin and valley label can be manipulated by tuning effective Hamiltonian parameters. The coexistence of robust in-plane magnetic ordering and spontaneous valley polarization of 2H-VSSe monolayer supports the possibility of applications in spintronics, valleytronics and optoelectronics devices.
Multi-frequency sequential sparse Bayesian learning for DOA estimation of the moving wideband sound source
Authors: Chen Guo , Lu Yonggang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To obtain the direction of arrival (DOA) of the moving sound source from the sequential measurements collected by the microphone array is the main task in acoustic tracking and detection. Thanks to the development of compressive sensing and sparse Bayesian learning (SBL), treating time-varying DOA estimation as time-varying sparse signal recovery is considered to be a promising idea. However, most methods have assumed that the source is narrowband and the DOA is on the predefined sparse grid at each estimation step. In fact, most sound sources in the air are wideband and the DOA varies continuously. Therefore, the multi-frequency sequential SBL is proposed for the DOA estimation of the moving wideband sound source in this paper. In this method, gamma hyperprior is used as sparsity-promoting prior for multi-frequency bins so that the multi-frequency measurements can be utilized simultaneously, and with an inexact dynamic model, the sparsity-dependent information from the multi-frequency sequential measurements can be propagated to the next estimation step to improve the performance. Besides, the off-grid refinement is incorporated into the framework to adapt to the continuously varying DOA. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has better performances under low signal-to-noise conditions with higher estimation accuracy and less computation time compared to other state-of-the-art methods. The field experiments show that our proposed method can has a stronger ability to suppress grating lobes and spatial aliasing than conventional methods in the estimation for wideband DOA and adapt to the scenarios where the number of sources also changes.
Implementation of the Marangoni effect in an open-source software environment and the influence of surface tension modeling in the mushy region in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)
Authors: Wirth Florian , Tonn Teresa , Schöberl Markus , Hermann Stefan , Birkhofer Hannes , Ploshikhin Vasily 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Tangential surface tension forces on a gas–liquid interface due to surface tension gradients have been implemented in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver icoReactingMultiphaseInterFoam provided by the open-source software environment of OpenFOAM OpenCFD Ltd (ESI Group) OpenFOAM (online) https://www.openfoam.com/ (accessed 21 May 2021), so that the Marangoni effect can be taken into account, which is a main driver of heat transfer in additive manufacturing processes that comprise a melt pool. The solver surpasses the capabilities of similar open-source projects by considering a wide range of physical effects, e.g. multiple phases, melting, solidification, evaporation, and laser beam heat sources with an arbitrary intensity distribution and thus makes it an appealing framework, especially for the simulation of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. Herein, all relevant details and derivation considering the Marangoni effect are provided and validated by means of a benchmark problem by comparing the obtained results with the available analytical solution, with the results obtained from a commercial CFD tool and with the results of other authors. The modified solver is additionally validated by comparing the results from LPBF simulations with experimental data. Furthermore, the influence of the surface tension modeling on the mushy region is investigated. The optimized implementation shows improvements of the simulation results in both the dimensions and shape of the melt pool and the resulting surface with regard to the experimental data.