bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Virtual Interviewing on Geographic Placement for Cardiology Fellowship Recruitment
Authors: Hasnie Usman A. , Hasnie Ammar A. , Estrada Carlos A. , Weissman Gaby , Williams Winter L. , Lloyd Steven G. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Virtual interviewing for cardiology fellowship was instituted in the 2021 fellowship application cycle because of the COVID‐19 pandemic and restricted travel. The impact on geographic patterns of fellow‐training program matching is unknown. This study sought to determine if there was a difference in geographic placement of matched fellows for cardiology fellowship match after initiation of virtual interviews compared with in‐person interviewing.

Methods and Results

All US‐based accredited cardiovascular disease fellowship programs that participated in the 2019 to 2021 fellowship match cycles and had publicly available data with fellowship and residency training locations and training year were included. Each fellow was categorized based on whether their fellowship and residency programs were in the same institution, same state, same US census region, or different census region. Categories were mutually exclusive. Of 236 eligible programs, 118 (50%) programs were identified, composed of 1787 matched fellows. Compared with the previrtual cohort (n=1178 matched fellows), there was no difference in the geographic placement during the 2021 virtual cycle (n=609 matched fellows) (
P
=0.19), including the proportion matched at the same program (30.6% versus 31.5%), same state but different program (13% versus 13.8%), same region but different state (24.2% versus 19.7%), or different region (35% versus 33.1%). There was also no difference when stratified by program size or geographic region.

Conclusions
The use of virtual interviewing in the 2021 cardiology fellowship application cycle showed no significant difference in the geographic placement of matched fellows compared with in‐person interviewing. Further study is needed to evaluate the impact of virtual interviewing and optimize its use in fellowship recruitment.
NOAA’s Great Lakes Wave Prediction System: A Successful Framework for Accelerating the Transition of Innovations to Operations
Authors: Alves Jose-Henrique , Tolman Hendrik , Roland Aron , Abdolali Ali , Ardhuin Fabrice , Mann Greg , Chawla Arun , Smith Jane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The establishment of the Great Lakes wave forecast system is an early success story inspiring the introduction of open-innovation practices at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It shows the power of community modeling to accelerate the transition of scientific innovations to operational environmental forecasting. This paper presents an overview of wave modeling in the Great Lakes from the perspective of its societal benefits. NOAA’s operational wave modeling systems and development practices are examined, emphasizing the importance of community- and stakeholder-driven collaborative efforts to introduce innovations such as using advanced spatial grid types and physics parameterizations, leading to improved predictive skill. The success of the open-innovation approach, set in motion at NOAA by initiatives such as the Great Lakes wave forecasting system, accelerated the transition of innovations to operations. The culture change to operational modeling efforts became part of the foundation for establishing the Unified Forecast System and, more recently, the Earth Prediction Innovation Center. Open-innovation initiatives will improve operational weather and climate forecast systems through scientific and technical innovation, reducing the devastating impacts of hazardous weather and supporting NOAA’s mission of protecting life and property and enhancing the national economy.
Antarctic Sea Ice Holds the Fate of Antarctic Ice-Shelf Basal Melting in a Warming Climate
Authors: Kusahara Kazuya , Tatebe Hiroaki , Hajima Tomohiro , Saito Fuyuki , Kawamiya Michio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Changes in the Antarctic ice sheet play a critical role in the Southern Ocean and global climates. Although many studies have pointed out that enhanced ocean heat delivery onto the Antarctic continental shelf regions can cause significant changes in Antarctic ice-shelf basal melting, the associated physical mechanisms require further research. Here, we perform numerical experiments using an ocean–sea ice model with an ice-shelf component to simulate future projections in Antarctic ice-shelf basal melting in a warming climate, focusing on the driving mechanism and the physical linkages with the seasonal Antarctic sea ice fields and coastal water masses. The model projects a distinct superlinear response of ice-shelf basal melting to future atmospheric warming, demonstrating that future projections of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean climate bifurcate with the level of global warming. Detailed examinations of sea ice and water masses show that in an extreme warming scenario, a combination of enhanced intrusions of warm deep water and warm summertime surface water can cause the nonlinear response of Antarctic ice-shelf basal melting. A large reduction in Antarctic coastal sea ice and the associated ocean freshening by decreasing coastal sea ice production in winter provide favorable conditions for summertime warm surface water formation and warm deep water intrusions onto some continental shelves. The model results demonstrate that disappearing summertime sea ice along the Antarctic coastal margins in a warming climate heralds the nonlinear increase in Antarctic ice-shelf basal melting, presumably contributing to the negative mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea level rise.
Topography Effects on the Seasonal Variability of Ocean Bottom Pressure in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Chen Lei , Yang Jiayan , Wu Lixin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ocean bottom pressure pB is an important oceanic variable that is dynamically related to the abyssal ocean circulation through geostrophy. In this study we examine the seasonal pB variability in the North Pacific Ocean by analyzing satellite gravimetric observations from the GRACE program and a data-assimilated ocean-state estimate from ECCOv4. The seasonal pB variability is characterized by alternations of low and high anomalies among three regions, the subpolar and subtropical basins as well as the equatorial region. A linear two-layer wind-driven model is used to examine forcing mechanisms and topographic effects on seasonal pB variations. The model control run, which uses a realistic topography, is able to simulate a basinwide seasonal pB variability that is remarkably similar to that from GRACE and ECCOv4. Since the model is driven by wind stress alone, the good model–data agreement indicates that wind stress is the leading forcing for seasonal changes in pB. An additional model simulation was conducted by setting the water depth uniformly at 5000 m. The magnitude of seasonal pB anomaly is amplified significantly in the flat-bottom simulation as compared with that in the control run. The difference can be explained in terms of the topographic Sverdrup balance. In addition, the spatial pattern of the seasonal pB variability is also profoundly affected by topography especially on continental margins, ridges, and trenches. Such differences are due to topographic effects on the propagation pathways of Rossby waves.
Emergency extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: A study on feasibility and efficacy in stone clearance and reducing morbidity in ureteric and renal stones with colic
Authors: Tiwari Ashutosh Kumar , Sarkar Debansu , Pal Dilip Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: Evaluation of safety, efficacy, and feasibility of emergency extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (eESWL) in combating obstructing stones with colic on emergency basis. Materials and methods: From November 2019 to November 2021, 102 subjects underwent emergency ESWL for obstructing ureteric and renal stones with colic within 24 h of presentation. Results: Patients in this study belonged to age group of 18–67 years with mean being 39 years consisting of 85 males and 22 females (M:F = 85:22). Mean stone dimensions were 8.26 mm in length and 7.65 mm in width. A total of 42 patients had their stone in kidney or upper ureter while 24 patients had stone in mid ureter and remaining patients ( n = 36) had stone in lower ureter. About 65 patients had their stone completely cleared after single ESWL session while 20 patients required multiple sessions to achieve complete clearance. Of these 17 patients (16.67%) were not rendered stone free even after three sessions and had to undergo ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL). Overall Stone Free Rate (SFR) was 83.33%. For stone attenuation of ⩽900 HU, SFR was 97.18% while for >900 HU it was only 51.61%. Conclusion: eESWL is safe, feasible, and efficacious noninvasive alternative for definitive management of obstructing ureteral and renal stones with colic as far as stone clearance and rapid and definitive pain relief are concerned and that too with very minimal morbidity without the need for admission and hence can reduce the prolonged waiting period for endoscopic stone surgery in any high-volume tertiary care hospital. Length, width, and attenuation of stone were found to be the main factors dictating the success of eESWL.
Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring is associated with lower spontaneous abortion rate compared with conventional blood glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: An observational study
Authors: Lemaitre Madleen , Faiz Kenza , Baudoux Florence , Subtil Damien , Vambergue Anne 
Published: December 2022

Aim The objective of the present real-life study in France was to assess and compare characteristics and outcomes in a cohort of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) or conventional blood glucose monitoring (BGM). Material and Methods We performed an observational study of a cohort of 153 women with T1D: 77 women were using isCGM, and 76 were using BGM. We compared the groups’ maternal characteristics and maternal-fetal complications. The level of HbA1c was measured before pregnancy and then four times (after 8–12, 24–28, 30–33, and 35–37 weeks of gestation). Results The two groups were similar in terms of age, prepregnancy BMI, diabetes duration, and diabetic vascular complications. There were no significant intergroup differences in the obstetric history. The spontaneous abortion rate was lower in the isCGM group than in the blood glucose monitoring group (5.3% vs. 20%, respectively; p = .0129), while the prepregnancy and first-trimester HbA1c levels were similar. There were no significant intergroup differences in the incidence of other maternal-fetal complications. Conclusions This observational study demonstrates that isCGM use is associated with lower spontaneous abortion compared with conventional BGM. Large prospective studies are needed to corroborate our findings and fully understand the relationship between glucose data at the time of conception/early pregnancy and foetal outcome.
Bedtime Prediction of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Kronborg Thomas , Hangaard Stine , Hejlesen Ole , Vestergaard Peter , Jensen Morten Hasselstrøm 
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims: Hypoglycemia may lead to anxiety, poor adherence, and hypoglycemia unawareness and is especially a threat during the night in patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D). It would therefore be beneficial to warn patients at risk of hypoglycemia at bedtime so they can react accordingly and avoid the episode. Hence, the aim of the present study was to develop a model for predicting nocturnal hypoglycemia. Methods: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), mealtime, and insulin data were collected from 67 insulin-treated patients with T2D (NCT01819129). Data were structured into 24-hour periods and labeled as nocturnal hypoglycemia or not depending on whether 15 consecutive minutes were spent below 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) during the following night. Each period was divided into “last night,” “morning,” “day,” and “evening” for feature extraction purposes, and 72 potential features were extracted for every period. A five-fold cross-validation was used to select features by forward selection and for training and validating a model based on logistic regression. Results: The prediction model was based on 30 patients with 60/496 periods resulting in nocturnal hypoglycemia. Forward selection revealed that the best features were based on CGM and involved the last value and mean value during the evening, as well as the relative difference in maximum value during the day between the present period and previous periods. The model obtained a mean area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.82 with an accuracy of 0.79. Conclusions: The model was able to predict nocturnal hypoglycemia with an acceptable accuracy and could therefore prevent such cases.
Breastfeeding Practices of Women Returning to Full-Time Employment in China: Prevalence and Determinants
Authors: Huang Yi-Yan , Liu Qian , Li Jun-Yan , Yue Shu-Wen , Xue Bing , Redding Sharon R. , Zhou Wen-Bin , Ouyang Yan-Qiong 
Published: December 2022

Background: Returning to work after childbirth is a common reason for women to stop breastfeeding. This study aimed to assess breastfeeding practices and breastfeeding support available to employed women in China, and factors affecting breastfeeding duration. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1,243 breastfeeding women employed full-time was conducted. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Workplace Breastfeeding Support Scale (WBSS). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the factors that are associated with breastfeeding. Results: The mean exclusive breastfeeding duration and any breastfeeding duration of full-time employed women were 5.7 ± 0.5 months and 9.8 ± 1.5 months, respectively. The total WBSS score was 46.6 ± 5.3 ( M ± SD). Generally, women perceived coworkers ( M [ SD] = 4.8 [1.0]) and supervisors ( M [ SD] = 5.7 [1.2]) to be supportive of breastfeeding. Lower scores on the WBSS were related to lack of technical and facility support, indicating no access to a refrigerator to store breast milk ( M [ SD] = 2.0 [1.5]) or to a breast pump ( M [ SD] = 1.7 [1.7]). Similarly, a private area for expressing breast milk ( M [ SD] = 1.4 [1.0]) was unavailable. Maternity leave, residential province, ethnicity, education level, average monthly household income, main reason for stopping exclusive breastfeeding, commute time greater than 1 hour, and the total WBSS score were also factors influencing breastfeeding duration of the full-time employed women. Conclusions: There were gaps in breastfeeding practices and workplace breastfeeding support of Chinese full-time employed women when compared with the World Health Organization recommendations. Occupational health providers should consider these findings when developing programs to support breastfeeding in the workplace.
Surgical Management of the Metastatic Spine Disease: A Review of the Literature and Proposed Algorithm
Authors: Al Farii Humaid , Aoude Ahmed , Al Shammasi Ahmed , Reynolds Jeremy , Weber Michael 
Published: December 2022

Study Design Narrative Review. The spine remains the most common site for bony metastasis. It is estimated that up to 70% of cancer patients harbor secondary spinal disease. And up to 10% will develop a clinically significant lesion. The last two decades have seen a substantial leap forward in the advancements of the management of spinal metastases. What once was a death sentence is now a manageable, even potentially treatable condition. With marked advancements in the surgical treatment and post-operative radiotherapy, a standardized approach to stratify and manage these patients is both prudent and now feasible. Objectives This article looks to examine the best available evidence in the stratification and surgical management of patients with spinal metastases. So the aim of this review is to offer a standardized approach for surgical management and surgical planning of patients with spinal metastases.
Diminished humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ujjani Chaitra , Gooley Ted A. , Spurgeon Stephen E. , Stephens Deborah M. , Lai Catherine , Broome Catherine M. , O’Brien Susan , Zhu Haiying , Laing Kerry J. , Winter Allison M. , Pongas Georgios , Greninger Alexander L , Koelle David M. , Siddiqi Tanya , Davids Matthew S. , Rogers Kerry A. , Danilov Alexey V. , Sperling Amy , Tu Brian , Sorensen Tyler , Launchbury Kelsey , Burrow Carlissa J. , Quezada Genesis , Hill Joshua A. , Shadman Mazyar , Thompson Philip A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated low rates of seroconversion to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this national collaboration of 11 cancer centers in the United States, we aimed to further characterize and understand vaccine-induced immune responses, including T-cell responses, and the impact of CLL therapeutics (#NCT04852822). Eligible patients were enrolled in 2 cohorts (1) at the time of initial vaccination and (2) at the time of booster vaccination. The serologic response rates (anti-S) from 210 patients in the initial vaccination cohort and 117 in the booster vaccination cohort were 56% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50-63) and 68% (95% CI, 60-77), respectively. Compared with patients not on therapy, those receiving B-cell-directed therapy were less likely to seroconvert (odds ratio [OR], 0.27; 95% CI, 0.15-0.49). Persistence of response was observed at 6 months; anti-S titers increased with the administration of booster vaccinations. In the initial vaccination cohort, positive correlations were observed between the quantitative serologic response and CD4 T-cell response for the Wuhan variant and, to a lesser degree, for the Omicron variant (Spearman P = 0.45 Wuhan; P = 0.25 Omicron). In the booster vaccination cohort, positive correlations were observed between serologic responses and CD4 T-cell responses for both variants (P = 0.58 Wuhan; P = 0.57 Omicron) and to a lesser degree for CD8 T-cell responses (P = 0.33 Wuhan; P = 0.22 Omicron). Although no deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported after booster vaccinations, patients should use caution as newer variants emerge and escape vaccine-induced immunity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04852822.
Development of a tool to detect small airways dysfunction in asthma clinical practice
Authors: Kocks Janwillem , van der Molen Thys , Voorham Jaco , Baldi Simonetta , van den Berge Maarten , Brightling Chris , Fabbri Leonardo M. , Kraft Monica , Nicolini Gabriele , Papi Alberto , Rabe Klaus F. , Siddiqui Salman , Singh Dave , Vonk Judith , Leving Marika , Flokstra-de Blok Bertine 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundSmall airways dysfunction (SAD) in asthma is difficult to measure and a gold standard is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop a simple tool including items of the Small Airways Dysfunction Tool (SADT) questionnaire, basic patient characteristics and respiratory tests available depending on the clinical setting to predict SAD in asthma.MethodsThis study was based on the data of the multinational ATLANTIS (Assessment of Small Airways Involvement in Asthma) study including the earlier developed SADT questionnaire. Key SADT items together with clinical information were now used to build logistic regression models to predict SAD group (less likely or more likely to have SAD). Diagnostic ability of the models was expressed as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and positive likelihood ratio (LR+).ResultsSADT item 8, “I sometimes wheeze when I am sitting or lying quietly”, and the patient characteristics age, age at asthma diagnosis and body mass index could reasonably well detect SAD (AUC 0.74, LR+ 2.3). The diagnostic ability increased by adding spirometry (percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s: AUC 0.87, LR+ 5.0) and oscillometry (resistance difference between 5 and 20 Hz and reactance area: AUC 0.96, LR+ 12.8).ConclusionsIf access to respiratory tests is limited (e.g.primary care in many countries), patients with SAD could reasonably well be identified by asking about wheezing at rest and a few patient characteristics. In (advanced) hospital settings patients with SAD could be identified with considerably higher accuracy using spirometry and oscillometry.
Mycobacterium aviumcomplex genomics and transmission in a London hospital
Authors: van Tonder Andries J. , Ellis Huw C. , Churchward Colin P. , Kumar Kartik , Ramadan Newara , Benson Susan , Parkhill Julian , Moffatt Miriam F. , Loebinger Michael R. , Cookson William O.C. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundNon-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental microorganisms and opportunistic pathogens in individuals with pre-existing lung conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis. While recent studies ofMycobacterium abscessushave identified transmission within single CF centres as well as nationally and globally, transmission of other NTM species is less well studied.MethodsTo investigate the potential for transmission of theMycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC) we sequenced 996 isolates from 354 CF and non-CF patients at the Royal Brompton Hospital (London, UK; collected 2013–2016) and analysed them in a global context. Epidemiological links were identified from patient records. Previously published genomes were used to characterise global population structures.ResultsWe identified putative transmission clusters in three MAC species, although few epidemiological links could be identified. ForM. avium, lineages were largely limited to single countries, while forMycobacterium chimaera, global transmission clusters previously associated with heater-cooler units (HCUs) were found. However, the immediate ancestor of the lineage causing the major HCU-associated outbreak was a lineage already circulating in patients.ConclusionsCF and non-CF patients shared transmission chains, although the lack of epidemiological links suggested that most transmission is indirect and may involve environmental intermediates or asymptomatic carriage in the wider population.