bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing Political Feelings: Participatory Politics, Institutions, and Emotional Templates
Authors: Frevert Ute , Pahl Kerstin Maria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe introduction offers an overview of the book’s main argument that, despite political theory’s and the general public’s ideas of politics as the realm of ‘rational’ decision-making, emotions have been potent in political practice since at least the late eighteenth century. Rather than purely subjective and individual expressions of feeling, emotions in the political sphere are best understood through the institutional settings in which they occur. Be it official institutions, buildings, organizations, clubs, parties, or informal gatherings, they provide individuals with emotional templates: guidelines, rules, and models on how to feel and express this feeling. While most studies on ‘political emotions’ focus on the present time, it is paramount, this chapter posits, to keep in mind their historical trajectory.
Feeling Political across Borders: International Solidarity Movements, 1820s–1980s
Authors: Moine Caroline 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the long history of international solidarity movements throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries demonstrates, emotions fostered a sense of common belonging in the name of so-called universal brotherhood, solidarity of peoples, or defence of human rights. Investigating exemplary political mobilizations in Europe that transcended national borders, such as the Philhellenism of the 1820s, the solidarity movements during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), and against the Chilean dictatorship in the 1970s and 1980s, helps to illustrate the strengths but also the limits of these feelings. These movements, which shaped and were shaped by individual and collective emotions such as compassion, fear, and anger, but also enthusiasm and hope, developed a complex relationship with patriotism and universalism, as well as with the state and other political institutions.
Feeling Political in Demonstrations: Street Politics in Germany, 1832–2018
Authors: Frevert Ute 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on street politics in Germany. Before the establishment of elected parliaments, there were social movements in which citizens united to make public demands for political representation. The practice of democracy in such associations was synonymous with practicing political feelings—democracy involved a high level of emotional excitement and dynamism. The decades preceding the 1848 revolution, the post-revolutionary 1920s and early 1930s (including National Socialist mobilization), and the social movements of the 1970s and 1980s illustrate how emotions served as mobilizing forces and were necessary for sustaining personal involvement and political activism. Yet these examples also shed light on the problematic side of political emotions, which could sometimes block or polarize political debate and obstruct collective action. The more action in the public sphere was defined by passion, the more exclusionary politics could become: this was the argument mounted by early liberalism against women’s political participation.
Feeling Political Through the Radio: President Roosevelt’s Fireside Chats, 1933–1944
Authors: Amico Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Fireside Chats (1933–1944). It zooms in on the case of a president directly addressing the people, seeking to foreground their active participation. Roosevelt’s broadcasts, a series of thirty-one radio speeches heard by a majority of Americans between 1933 and 1945, transformed institutional tasks and obligations into a highly exciting conversation. In a world of competing political rhetoric and much division, and in the middle of the Great Depression, these radio chats put the power of change in every American’s hands by making them feel a new sense of confidence and trust in the federal government. Even those who were not directly helped by Roosevelt’s ‘New Deal’ legislation wrote to him to say how his words and images had converted their anxiety, grievance, and fury into courage and hope. They promised to do all they could to help him and the country, a commitment that served to boost morale and further unite the country during the Second World War. The particular style and means of Roosevelt’s emotional templates were informed by his personality as a politician, his philosophy of democracy, and the medium of radio itself.
Overview
Authors: Thiele Graham , Friedmann Michael , Polar Vivian , Campos Hugo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRoot, tuber, and banana (RT&B) crops play a critical role in food and nutrition security in developing countries, increasingly so in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). They have great potential to contribute to alleviate poverty, improve health and nutrition, and enhance the resilience of smallholder farmers to climate change. However, RT&Bs are characterized by unique challenges including vegetative propagation, genetic complexity, and postharvest constraints with bulkiness and perishability, compared to cereals. They are also characterized by a high yield potential and the ability to deliver micronutrients at large scale. However, until recently they have suffered from neglect in both investment and research. The CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas, which operated from 2012 to 2021, represented a novel and successful innovation model within the agricultural research for development domain not only in scientific terms but also from an organizational perspective. This program built upon the uniqueness of the RT&B crops and contributed to much of the progress reported in the book. This chapter provides an overview of challenges and opportunities facing RT&B crops in processing, marketing and distribution, enhancing productivity, and improving livelihoods. It presents underlying concepts for gender and scaling that feature prominently throughout the book, as well as an updated stance on innovation, touching base on the topic of the jobs to be done. The chapter concludes with an overview and highlights of the different sections and chapters in the remainder of the book.
Building Demand-Led and Gender-Responsive Breeding Programs
Authors: Polar Vivian , Teeken Béla , Mwende Janet , Marimo Pricilla , Tufan Hale Ann , Ashby Jacqueline A. , Cole Steven , Mayanja Sarah , Okello Julius J. , Kulakow Peter , Thiele Graham 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGender-responsive breeding is a new approach to making sure modern breeding takes advantage of opportunities to improve gender equality in agriculture. Conventional research on the acceptability of modern varieties has scarcely addressed gender differences during adoption studies. Gender-responsive breeding starts from a different premise that adoption and social impact will be enhanced if gender is addressed at early stages of variety design and priority setting in breeding. However, until recently, there was no concrete way to integrate gender considerations into the practice of breeding. This chapter draws lessons for the future from three RTB breeding programs innovating with gender-responsive breeding with a focus on piloting novel tools. The new G+ tools are designed to help gender researchers and breeders make joint, evidence-based decisions about the significance of gender differences for customer targeting and trait prioritization in variety development. Their piloting in the context of each program’s practice of gender-responsive breeding throws light on some valuable good practices that contributed to successful innovation.
Scaling Readiness: Learnings from Applying a Novel Approach to Support Scaling of Food System Innovations
Authors: Schut Marc , Leeuwis Cees , Sartas Murat , Andrade Luis Alejandro Taborda , van Etten Jacob , Muller Anna , Tran Thierry , Chapuis Arnaud , Thiele Graham 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScaling of innovations is a key requirement for addressing societal challenges in sectors such as agriculture, but research for development programs struggles to make innovations go to scale. There is a gap between new complexity-aware scientific theories and perspectives on innovation and practical approaches that can improve strategic and operational decision-making in research for development interventions that aim to scale innovations. To bridge this gap, Scaling Readiness was developed. Scaling Readiness is an approach that encourages critical reflection on how ready innovations are for scaling in a particular context for achieving a particular goal and what appropriate actions could accelerate or enhance scaling to realize development outcomes. Scaling Readiness provides decision support for (1) characterizing the innovation and innovation system; (2) diagnosing the current readiness and use of innovations; (3) developing strategies to overcome bottlenecks for scaling; (4) facilitating multi-stakeholder negotiation and agreement; and (5) navigating the implementation process. This chapter explains how Scaling Readiness was used in the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB) and describes how Scaling Readiness informed the design and management of the RTB Scaling Fund, an instrument for identifying and nurturing scaling-ready innovations. We introduce the key principles and concepts of Scaling Readiness and provide a case study of how Scaling Readiness was applied for scaling a cassava flash dryer innovation in different countries in Africa and Central America. The chapter concludes with a reflection and recommendations for the further improvement and use of Scaling Readiness.
Transferring Cassava Processing Technology from Brazil to Africa
Authors: Alves Alfredo Augusto Cunha , de Oliveira Luciana Alves , Motta Joselito da Silva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCassava is currently the fourth most important food production crop in tropical and developing countries. Cassava root and its by-products are the main source of calories for the diets of 800 million people in Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia. Over the past 20 years, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) and collaborators have been developing innovations for the use and postharvest processing of cassava. These technologies have been transferred and disseminated to technicians, entrepreneurs, producers, and processors of cassava from several African countries. This South-South cooperation has been conducted in Brazil through short trainings, workshops, and technical visits requested by national R&D institutions, cooperatives, cassava producers, and processors associations and sponsored by international agencies and foundations. In this chapter, we present an overview of the technology transfer activities of Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura carried out for Africa, focusing on technological innovations that result in products and by-products of cassava root processing, especially those with great potential for adoption and opening new markets for Africa (e.g., precooked and frozen cassava, cassava chips, among others). The selection of these innovations was based on observations of the trainees’ preferences and interests for technologies that they envisioned willingness to apply and share the technology when returning to their countries.
Coin-based Secure Computations
Authors: Komano Yuichi , Mizuki Takaaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the history of cryptography, many cryptographic protocols have relied on random coin tosses to prove their security. Although flipping coins is indispensable in this manner, the coins themselves have never been in the spotlight. Therefore, we would like to make physical coins rise to the level of cryptography, just as a deck of physical playing cards has been used to perform a secure multi-party computation. Such a card-based protocol is known to be helpful both to perform a secure computation without any black-box computers and to understand the principles of secure protocols. In this paper, we propose a new framework of secure multi-party computation using physical coins, named a coin-based protocol. One advantage of the use of coins is that they are more ubiquitous than cards. Whereas a face-down card can conceal the information about its face side, one side of a coin reveals the information of its other side. Hence, more careful design is required for a secure coin-based protocol than for a card-based one. We formalize a computational model of the coin-based protocol and explicitly give protocols for NOT, AND, COPY, OR, and XOR computations. We also discuss the composability of the extended protocols and how to implement them in practice.
Analysis of the genomic landscapes of Barbadian and Nigerian women with triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Hercules Shawn M. , Liu Xiyu , Bassey-Archibong Blessing B. I. , Skeete Desiree H. A. , Smith Connell Suzanne , Daramola Adetola , Banjo Adekunbiola A. , Ebughe Godwin , Agan Thomas , Ekanem Ima-Obong , Udosen Joe , Obiorah Christopher , Ojule Aaron C. , Misauno Michael A. , Dauda Ayuba M. , Egbujo Ejike C. , Hercules Jevon C. , Ansari Amna , Brain Ian , MacColl Christine , Xu Yili , Jin Yuxin , Chang Sharon , Carpten John D. , Bédard André , Pond Greg R. , Blenman Kim R. M. , Manojlovic Zarko , Daniel Juliet M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype that disproportionately affects women of African ancestry (WAA) and is often associated with poor survival. Although there is a high prevalence of TNBC across West Africa and in women of the African diaspora, there has been no comprehensive genomics study to investigate the mutational profile of ancestrally related women across the Caribbean and West Africa.MethodsThis multisite cross-sectional study used 31 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from Barbadian and Nigerian TNBC participants. High-resolution whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the Barbadian and Nigerian TNBC samples to identify their mutational profiles and comparisons were made to African American, European American and Asian American sequencing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Whole exome sequencing was conducted on tumors with an average of 382 × coverage and 4335 × coverage for pooled germline non-tumor samples.ResultsVariants detected at high frequency in our WAA cohorts were found in the following genesNBPF12,PLIN4,TP53andBRCA1. In the TCGA TNBC cases, these genes had a lower mutation rate, except forTP53(32% in our cohort; 63% in TCGA-African American; 67% in TCGA-European American; 63% in TCGA-Asian). For all altered genes, there were no differences in frequency of mutations between WAA TNBC groups including the TCGA-African American cohort. For copy number variants, high frequency alterations were observed inPIK3CA, TP53, FGFR2andHIF1ANgenes.ConclusionThis study provides novel insights into the underlying genomic alterations in WAA TNBC samples and shines light on the importance of inclusion of under-represented populations in cancer genomics and biomarker studies.
A Better Deal? Negotiated Responses to the Proceeds of Grand Corruption
Authors: Clancy Áine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJudicially supervised negotiated settlements have featured heavily of late in discourse on responses to financial crimes committed by corporations. The United States has recently concluded a series of proceeds of kleptocracy settlements with individuals using processes which, from transparency and accountability perspectives, compare favourably to England’s asset recovery practice. This paper seeks to foster a conversation on whether the use of negotiated responses could or should be extended to arrangements with natural persons who are suspected of laundering the proceeds of grand corruption in England. It addresses some reservations that arise where negotiated responses to official corruption are employed and seeks to identify principled and practical justifications for the use of settlements instead of public civil recovery proceedings. It also draws on the US and English experiences in entering into settlements with companies for bribery offences in attempting to identify some of the main pitfalls and benefits implicit in utilising negotiated responses to corruption. The paper concludes by tentatively endorsing as an imperfect but pragmatic option the use of settlements as an alternative to existing asset recovery measures for corruptly-acquired assets.
An evaluation of the genetic connectivity and temporal stability of the blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus: a case study of spawning females’ grounds in the Western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Agulló Melania , Heras Sandra , García-Marín José-Luis , Vera Manuel , Abras Alba , Planella Laia , Roldán María Inés 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus has been intensively exploited by trawling fishery in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Implementation of an adequate management plan needs complete genetic data of the non-spawning and spawning grounds of the species. During the reproductive period, the species forms spawning aggregations in the middle slope, mainly constituted of mature females carrying spermatophores. Seven spawning females’ grounds in the Western Mediterranean Sea from Gulf of Lions (France) to Cabo de Palos (Spain) were sampled during two consecutive years, 2016 and 2017. This study assessed for the first time the levels of genetic diversity within spawning grounds, the genetic divergence among them and estimated the degree of temporal genetic stability using multilocus genotyping. Our results showed a high connectivity of the spawning females’ grounds that remains stable during the two analysed years, explained by passive larval dispersal, together with juveniles and adults’ migration. We advise that a future management plan for A. antennatus fishery should consider the Mediterranean Subarea GSA6 as a single unit, but it should be combined with local monitoring in order to ensure the sustainable exploitation of the populations.
What do propositions explain? Inflationary vs. deflationary perspectives and the case of singular propositions
Authors: García-Carpintero Manuel , Palmira Michele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper we take up the question of the explanatory significance of the notion of propositional content. Our first goal is to disentangle two types of approach: According to what we callinflationism, propositions should be taken seriously enough to expect explanatory payoffs from them. The alternativedeflationaryapproach rejects this claim. Our second goal is to explore the inflationism vs. deflationism contrast in depth by focusing on the distinction between singular and general propositions. We argue that inflationism fails and outline a variety of deflationism that offers the best prospects for explaining the singular/general divide.
The good, the bad and the insignificant—assessing concept functions for conceptual engineering
Authors: Jorem Sigurd 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany theorists of conceptual engineering appeal to the functions, roles, purposes or aims of concepts to articulate how conceptual engineering ought to be done. The functional approach to conceptual engineering is well-motivated: It promises a good account of the limits of revision, and of what makes some concept good. In this paper, I raise a problem for the functional approach which concerns the existence ofharmfulandmethodologically insignificantconcept functions. I examine whether we can deal with these problematic functions by adopting a technical notion of function. I thus review the prospects for using the notions of a contextually stable function, of a designed function, of a proper function, and of a system function as our operative notion of function. None of them help us resolve the problem. On this basis, I argue that advocates of the functional approach should be committed to a comparatively weak claim, according to which functions must be assessed case-by-case, and that we are best served by employing an unsophisticated notion of function, according to which the function of a concept just is something the concept is used for.
Integrating Pore-Scale Flow MRI and X-ray μCT for Validation of Numerical Flow Simulations in Porous Sedimentary Rocks
Authors: Karlsons K. , de Kort D. W. , Alpak F. O. , Dietderich J. , Freeman J. J. , Appel M. , Mantle M. D. , Sederman A. J. , Gladden L. F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSingle-phase fluid flow velocity maps in Ketton and Estaillades carbonate rock core plugs are computed at a pore scale, using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulations performed directly on three-dimensional (3D) X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) images (≤ 7 µm spatial resolution) of the core plugs. The simulations are then benchmarked on a voxel-by-voxel and pore-by-pore basis to quantitative, 3D spatially resolved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) flow velocity maps, acquired at 35 µm isotropic spatial resolution for flow of water through the same rock samples. Co-registration of the 3D experimental and simulated velocity maps and coarse-graining of the simulation to the same resolution as the experimental data allowed the data to be directly compared. First, the results are demonstrated for Ketton limestone rock, for which good qualitative and quantitative agreement was found between the simulated and experimental velocity maps. The flow-carrying microstructural features in Ketton rock are mostly larger than the spatial resolution of the µCT images, so that the segmented images are an adequate representation of the pore space. Second, the flow data are presented for Estaillades limestone, which presents a more heterogeneous case with microstructural features below the spatial resolution of the µCT images. Still, many of the complex flow patterns were qualitatively reproduced by the LBM simulation in this rock, although in some pores, noticeable differences between the LBM and MRI velocity maps were observed. It was shown that 80% of the flow (fractional summed z-velocities within pores) in the Estaillades rock sample is carried by just 10% of the number of macropores, which is an indication of the high structural heterogeneity of the rock; in the more homogeneous Ketton rock, 50% of the flow is carried by 10% of the macropores. By analysing the 3D MRI velocity map, it was found that approximately one-third of the total flow rate through the Estaillades rock is carried by microporosity—a porosity that is not captured at the spatial resolution of the µCT image.