bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential gene expression and unbalanced homeolog expression bias in 4 million-year-old allopolyploids of Nicotiana section Repandae
Authors: Ostovar Talieh , Landis Jacob B , McCarthy Elizabeth W , Sierro Nicolas , Litt Amy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Allopolyploidy, a phenomenon prevalent in angiosperms involving hybridization and whole-genome duplication, results in species with multiple subgenomes, altering genome structure and gene expression, leading to novel phenotypes. Allopolyploids often experience unbalanced homeolog expression bias, the preferential expression of homeologs from one of the two progenitor genomes. To explore the consequences of allopolyploidy and unbalanced homeolog expression bias, we investigate global gene expression and the fate of homeologs in Nicotiana (Solanaceae). We focus on Nicotiana section Repandae, including three allotetraploid species, N. nudicaulis, N. repanda, and N. stocktonii, derived from diploid progenitors N. sylvestris and N. obtusifolia ∼4.3 million years ago. We identify genes with differential expression and investigate expression of candidate genes for flower size variation. Our results show expression differences with the allopolyploids intermediate between the two progenitor species, with a slight bias toward N. obtusifolia. Moreover, we demonstrate unbalanced homeolog expression bias toward the N. obtusifolia subgenome across developmental stages in the allopolyploids, with a stronger bias in N. nudicaulis. In contrast, unbalanced homeolog expression bias shifts toward N. sylvestris for flower size genes in N. nudicaulis, showing that genes involved in particular phenotypes can display different patterns of unbalanced homeolog expression than the overall transcriptome. We also see differential expression of several known flower size genes across corolla developmental stages. Our results highlight the role of unbalanced homeolog expression bias in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of Nicotiana species and provide a foundation for future research into the ecological and evolutionary implications of allopolyploidy in flowering plants.
Integration of digital phenotyping, GWAS and transcriptomic analysis revealed a key gene for bud size in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Zhang Shuran , Chen Si , Fu Zhilu , Li Fang , Chen Qiyu , Ma Jianqiang , Chen Yuanquan , Chen Liang , Chen Jiedan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is among the most significant beverage crops globally. The size of tea buds not only directly affects the yield and quality of fresh leaves, but also plays a key role in determining the suitability of different types of tea. Analyzing the genetic regulation mechanism of tea bud size is crucial for enhancing tea cultivars and boosting tea yield. In this study, a digital phenotyping technology was utilized to collected morphological characteristics of the apical buds of 280 tea accessions of representative germplasm at the ‘two and a bud’ stage. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that the length, width, perimeter, and area of tea buds followed a normal distribution and exhibited considerable variation across natural population of tea plants. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of phenotypic extreme materials revealed a strong negative correlation between the expression levels of four KNOX genes and tea bud size. A key candidate gene, CsKNOX6, was confirmed by further genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Its function was preliminarily characterized by heterologous transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of CsKNOX6 reduced the leaf area in transgenic plants, which initially determined that it is a key gene negatively regulating bud size. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of KNOX genes in tea plants and provides some references for uncovering the genetic regulatory mechanisms behind tea bud size.
HemeTEAM India: Together Everyone Achieves More
Authors: Rahul Bhargava , Shrinidhi Nathany , Vikas Dua , Ritu Garg , Arun Danewa , Arun Danewa , Sohini Chakraborty , Neha Panda Rastogi , Aastha Gupta , Aastha Gupta , Madhur Arora , Chitresh Yadav , Kumar Nikhil M , Anusha Swaminathan , Akash Jaiswal , Richa Soni , Swati Bhayana , Sunisha Arora , Singh Surbhi , Prerna Mahajan , Karthika Rudrakumar , Paritosh Garg , Aakriti Kothari , Kanika Verma , Manish Saini , Varma Haristuti , Shikha Singh , Nursing Sukhdeep , Poonam Nursing , Veronica Nursing , Kiran Nursing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Interprofessional team-based care has been known to aid in better patient focused care and outcomes. However, the same concept in the space of BMT (bone marrow transplant) especially in this part of the world is currently elusive. This single center experience from a BMT unit of India depicts the effectiveness of interdisciplinary care.

Methods
An interdisciplinary team was built and experts from different medical and allied specialties were onboarded along with establishment of state-of-the-art laboratories. The conceptualization of an integrative approach and development of HemeTEAM India began in 2020, and implementation in 2021. The evaluation of outcomes was performed on 31 December, 2020, and on 31st July, 2024 to compare the differences in outcomes after implementation of HemeTEAM India

Results
A total of 550 transplants were conducted before 2021. From 2021 to 2024, 500 more transplants were done. The day 100 mortality, hospital acquired infection rate and antibiotic stewardship reduced by ~70% after 2021. The uptake of genomics-based testing increased to 95%, with genetically informed treatment in 65%. The average length of hospital stay reduced from 21 days to 19 days and ICU stay from 7 days to 3 days. The net profit increase from 12%to 16%, with a cost benefit of ~$10000 to the patient.

Conclusion
This is a single center experience, depicting the effect of an integrative team base approach in a BMT unit providing holistic interdisciplinary care in India. This is the largest and the first of its kind hematology team in the country, and South East Asia, where all aspects for a hematology/transplant patient are available in a single consultation
Heteroresistance associated with the production of fosfomycin-resistant inner colonies during disk diffusion testing among a geographically diverse collection of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates
Authors: Bixby Morgan L , Collins Lindsey B , Daley Ellora C , Salay Jenna M , Oliver Sofia , Bryson Alexandra L , Hirsch Elizabeth B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Fosfomycin susceptibility breakpoints apply only to Escherichia coli despite clinical use against Klebsiella pneumoniae. EUCAST and CLSI have different breakpoints and guidelines for disk diffusion (DD) interpretation that are frequently extrapolated to K. pneumoniae. Guidelines differ in interpreting inner colonies (IC) that grow within the zone of inhibition, but specificity to E. coli leaves knowledge gaps when extrapolating to other uropathogens.

Objectives
To examine the frequency and MIC of K. pneumoniae IC during fosfomycin DD testing and to determine potential relationships between IC production, heteroresistance and fosA presence.

Methods
A collection of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates (n = 262) and their IC (n = 116) underwent broth microdilution testing. Heteroresistance screening and PCR for fosA was performed on susceptible isolates that either never produced (NP) IC (n = 14) or produced ≥5 resistant IC (n = 43).

Results
The MIC range (≤2 to &gt;256 mg/L) of clinical isolates increased to 32 to &gt;1024 mg/L for the IC collection with a median MIC increase of three, 2-fold dilutions. IC producers had 1.71 greater odds (P &lt; 0.01) of a positive heteroresistance screen compared to NP isolates. No relationship was found between fosA presence and either IC production or heteroresistance.

Conclusions
Production of ≥5 IC among clinical K. pneumoniae isolates was frequent and often resulted in an increased IC isolate MIC. Significantly greater odds of heteroresistance among IC producers were found when compared to NP isolates. Thus, presence of IC during fosfomycin DD testing should prompt avoidance of fosfomycin treatment.
“A Leg Lamp Story”
Authors: Larnerd Joseph H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
I cannot see the leg lamp from the film A Christmas Story (directed by Bob Clark, 1983) without going back to the night my dad walked into our home with a nail in his foot. His injury eventually led to a partial leg amputation. This piece of reflective writing interweaves research on the leg lamp—an understudied icon of twentieth-century decorative arts in the United States—through recollections of my dad’s life.
Diverse roles of ethylene in maize growth and development and its importance in shaping plant architecture
Authors: Aragón-Raygoza Alejandro , Strable Josh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The gaseous plant hormone ethylene is a key developmental and growth regulator, and a pivotal endogenous response signal to abiotic and biotic interactions, including stress. Much of what is known about ethylene biosynthesis, perception and signaling comes from decades of research primarily in Arabidopsis thaliana and other eudicot model systems. In contrast, detailed knowledge on the ethylene pathway and response to the hormone is markedly limited in maize (Zea mays L.), a global cereal crop that is a major source of calories for humans and livestock, as well as a key industrial biofeedstock. Recent reports of forward screens and targeted reverse genetics have provided important insight into conserved and unique differences of the ethylene pathway and downstream responses. Natural and edited allelic variation in the promoter regions and coding sequences of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes alters maize shoot and root architectures, and plays a crucial role in biomass and grain yields. This review discusses recent advances in ethylene research in maize with an emphasis on ethylene’s role in regulating growth and development of the shoot and root systems, and ultimately how this crucial hormone impacts plant architecture and grain yield.
Audiovisual Alterity
Authors: Austin Michael L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Drawing on a wide range of examples and case studies from a wide range of genres of popular music, Audiovisual Alterity explores the representation of “others” from marginalized, subaltern communities in music videos since the 1950s. This book continues the academic discussion regarding depictions of race, ethnicity, and gender in music videos, but extends the conversation to include representations of Asians and Pacific Islanders, Indigenous communities, the LGBTQIA+ community, religious minorities, the incarcerated, and other “others.” It accounts for the expanding definition of “music video,” and examines depictions of alterity in both traditional music videos and those created for emerging and social media, such as online video-sharing sites and smartphone apps. It also includes analyses of several recent controversies involving cultural appropriation and the representations of culture, race, indigeneity, gender, class, sexuality, and sexual orientation in music videos. Further, it considers music videos in which “others” represent themselves, with their own voice, and on their own terms.
Digital Natives and Cultural Tourists
Authors: Austin Michael L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the issues surrounding the depiction of Native Peoples in music videos, especially the use of “redface,” including instances in which non-Native people culturally appropriate Indigenous dress and customs, and reinforce racist stereotypes with the inclusion of tropes that frame Indigenous people as “Indian princesses,” “noble savages,” “barbarians,” “drunkards,” or “sexy squaws” in music videos. The chapter investigates a number of case studies involving the (mis)representation of Indigenous communities in various music videos, including those made for country music from the 1990s, contemporary K-pop, and recent pop music. It also includes a number of music videos in which young Indigenous rappers have appropriated hip-hop aesthetics to represent the realities of daily life on reservations in North America and to celebrate their own communities.
Homosexual Invisibility, Heterosexual Advocates
Authors: Long Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 3 examines the 1990s efforts by HIV-negative heterosexual elites to address the invisibility of HIV/AIDS, focusing on urban gay men rather than the rural outbreak. Influenced by the emerging transnational AIDS institution and American gay men’s advocacy models, these early challengers aimed to highlight sexual rights in HIV responses by making homosexuality legible to the health administration. The fragmentation and marginalization of the health bureaucracy facilitated communication across borders and drove some officials to embrace transnational HIV/AIDS practices in search of professional identities. Ironically, their efforts were rejected by Chinese gay communities who saw the state’s gaze as a potential source of danger. Despite the failure of initial advocacy endeavors, the focus on homosexuality created transnational connections that later became critical in the large-scale mobilization of the Chinese AIDS movement.
Quantitative Participation as a Managerial Tool
Authors: Long Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores how transnational organizations navigated the delicate balance between coercion and persuasion to insert civil society participation into China’s new projectified contracting AIDS governance. It highlights a shift, late in the first decade of the twenty-first century, when transnational organizations moved from traditional political strategies to a more technical approach to reconcile the conflict between authoritarian bureaucrats, foreign agencies, and grassroots activists. The coalition of transnational organizations and Chinese AIDS activists eventually succeeded in compelling the government to include grassroots advocacy groups in policymaking by framing political controversies around civil society as managerial problems to be resolved by “participation techniques.” These techniques—as formalized, standardized, and repetitive actions designed to facilitate participatory democracy in decision-making and program implementation—blended politics with managerialism, quantification, and market value. Despite their short-term success, the adoption of participation techniques changed local advocacy agendas with administrative projects that would eventually destroy AIDS activism and defeat transnational agencies’ intentions.
Seeing Gay Men like a Project
Authors: Long Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter begins to discuss how the technicalization of HIV issues shaped both Chinese health bureaucrats and activists in the 2010s. Health authorities, aiming to boost China’s global stature, eagerly adopted transnational quantitative indicators and produced trend-setting records of high numerical intervention outputs. Meanwhile, participation techniques allowed local officials to reappropriate gay men’s organizations to fulfill performance goals. From 2011 to 2018, gay activists served as instrumental brokers, aiding in the data collection among gay individuals for projects. On one hand, this process drastically enhanced the visibility and endurance of gay activism by absorbing gay men’s groups into a homophobic state apparatus. On the other hand, it extended the state’s surveillance into homosexual bodies while elevating China to a global leader in meeting quantitative health targets.
Erasing the Dead
Authors: Long Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Contrary to the success of gay men activists, rural activists affected by contaminated blood struggled to harness participation techniques and faded from the national spotlight. This chapter demonstrates how the prioritization of technical proficiency dismantled the earlier biopolitical unity and formed a hierarchy within the advocacy community. The transgressive collective action of rural activists, lacking epistemic elements, was invalidated. Urban-rural disparities quickly grew as urban gay men took over the leadership of the AIDS movement. Challenges facing rural patients, especially their escalating death rates, were marginalized. Meanwhile, the Chinese government used transnational funds and organizational rules to subtly corrode trust and dismantle local coalitions. Their operations widened the chasm between urban homosexual and rural heterosexual activists, which was “softly” but steadily killing the Chinese AIDS movement between 2011 and 2018.
A New Global Health Leader on the Rise?
Authors: Long Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines China’s post-2015 transition from a recipient of foreign health aid to a rising leader in initiating health interventions in the Global South. It juxtaposes the international acclaim for the new “China model” of public health against the divergent realities of urban gay men, rural people living with HIV/AIDS, and female sex workers. The state’s emphasis on projectified health intervention led to a notable dip in HIV transmission rates, along with the specter of increased urban surveillance and a disregard of the growing death rate of the most vulnerable in rural areas. Through the prism of these varied lives, the chapter underscores the complexities and contradictions in China’s public health system after almost fifteen years of foreign interventions.
Conclusion
Authors: Long Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The concluding chapter recaps the evolution of China’s infectious disease control since 1978 and teases out what this tale tells us about authoritarian politics, advocacy, globalization, and infectious diseases more generally. Based on preliminary fieldwork conducted since 2022, it also delves into how the book’s discussions aid in contextualizing and understanding the COVID-19 pandemic, through both a Chinese and a transnational lens. Many characteristics of HIV/AIDS responses continued, such as reliance on quantitative technocratic surveillance instruments and nonpolitical civil society collaboration, as well as instrumenting public health as a tool to elevate China’s global status. They offer insights into the broader implications of emerging pandemics, as well as China’s relations with the world.
Conclusion
Authors: Alasuutari Pertti 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter summarizes and discusses the book. Cross-cultural travel of ideas, people and goods has always been part of the evolution of the human species, but the formation of the UN system after World War II has had the biggest impact on the development of the current world order. Acknowledging the principle of national sovereignty meant that global power relations were mainly grounded on other means than hierarchical rule backed up by military force. Instead, relations of dominance became primarily based on economic dependencies and policy advice. When all inhabitable parts of the globe were divided into formally independent territorial states and accepted as members of the UN, their leaders were consulted about and eagerly sought for information about allegedly efficient and proper state structures. A national parliament became the key symbol of proper national sovereignty both internally and externally.
Introduction
Authors: Jackson Ashley , Stewart Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Answers to the question ‘What did the war do to the British Empire?’ are usually embedded in a tale of wartime stress, international change, and national decline, the conflict appearing as both instigator and accelerant of imperial dissolution and Britain’s eclipse as a front-rank power. This chapter identifies problems with this hindsight-dominated narrative that distorts understanding of the worldview of the political elite looking forward in 1945. In their eyes, British power and empire were fixed points in the landscape and they expected the British Empire to survive long into the future and for Britain to remain at the pinnacle of the international system. While the environment in which they operated was shaped by significant challenges, there was no hint of imminent collapse, and the governing elite was not interested in decline and decolonization. Yet the ‘declinist’ narrative of post-war British history has caused this extraordinary mindset to be overlooked, further obscured by a marked tendency for historical literature on the period to ‘time jump’ from 1945 to 1947–49, skating over a vital period. This state of affairs has been encouraged by the practice of dividing the past into ‘periods’ that can suppress elements of continuity. This chapter outlines the ‘received wisdom’ narrative, juxtaposes it with the expectations and optimistic mindset of those responsible for running the country, and considers the difference between ‘historical’ time and ‘real’ time.
Foundations of the Superpower Vision
Authors: Jackson Ashley , Stewart Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the centrality of empire and world status to British calculations about the post-war world, based on victory, the realities of power, the normalcy of empire in the international system, habit, and a firm belief that economic recovery was possible. The superpower vision was central to the British political elite’s conceptualization of the future come the end of the Second World War. Bloodied but unbowed, concerned yet unfazed by the trajectories of American and Soviet policy and the economic damage inflicted on the national economy, the British were determined to remain a ‘Big Three’ actor. The chapter articulates reasons permitting this mindset to exist, identifying the presence of some factors (such as a seat at the top table and an intact empire) and the absence of others (such as full awareness of the country’s chances of economic recovery and awareness of the potency of nationalism). It describes the moment of victory in 1945, the implications of the fact of the Empire’s existence, and of the responsibilities of power and status.
Conversations with a Two-Day-Old
Authors: Nagy Emese 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Do newborns engage in dialogues? This chapter explores evidence on social engagement in human neonates and uses case-based descriptive analysis of interactions with newborns. Starting from experimental data on neonates’ responses to communication disturbances, measured by the still-face procedure, it presents a case showing a neonate proactively engaging with the experimenter to resume a broken communication. It provides descriptive analyses of two cases of neonatal imitation and looks at how the babies not only proactively engaged the experimenter, but also, several, temporally coordinated, synchronized imitative cycles emerged between the baby and the experimenter. Given the richness and the complexity of the data that emerges from these cases, the chapter suggests that case-based descriptions should accompany experimental studies to understand data from experiments on neonatal communicative behaviour.
Chatting with Babies
Authors: Lee David N. , Schögler Benjaman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
How do infants chat long before they talk? Trevarthen (1980) demonstrated this precocious ability in a famous recording of six-week-old Laura chatting with her mum. That same conversation became a landmark in developing the musical analysis and understanding of communication we now know as human communicative musicality (Malloch, 1999; Malloch and Trevarthen, 2009). But what biological information forms the substrate for these exchanges, and how is it related to verbal chatting? We must look at both the sounds and gestures. General Tau Theory (Lee et al. 2009) provides a lens through which we can better understand such biological movements, from one-day-old infants to skilled adults, both vocally and bodily (Delafield-Butt et al. 2018; Lee et al. 2018). Can General Tau Theory shine a light on how we communicate? We apply recent advances in the theory to this iconic conversation to ask that very question. With intriguing results . . .