bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isavuconazole plasma concentrations in critically ill patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Kriegl Lisa , Hatzl Stefan , Zurl Christoph , Reisinger Alexander Christian , Schilcher Gernot , Eller Philipp , Gringschl Yvonne , Muhr Tina , Meinitzer Andreas , Prattes Juergen , Hoenigl Martin , Krause Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIsavuconazole is an antifungal drug used for treatment of invasive fungal infections. Critically ill COVID-19 and influenza patients require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in cases with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and have risk factors for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Little is known about isavuconazole plasma concentrations during ECMO.ObjectivesTo determine isavuconazole plasma concentrations in seven patients treated with intravenous isavuconazole under ECMO and the influence of the ECMO circuit immediately after the first isavuconazole dose.MethodsCritically ill patients treated with isavuconazole (standard doses) and ECMO were included in this study. Sixty-four blood samples used for measurement of isavuconazole concentrations were collected at several timepoints starting 2 h after the first isavuconazole dose up to 168 h. An additional 27 blood samples were drawn from the inflow and outflow line of the membrane oxygenator to assess any potential isavuconazole clearance effect of the ECMO oxygenation device and the lines.ResultsMedian isavuconazole trough levels above 1 μg/mL (min. 0.83, max. 1.73) or 2 μg/mL (min. 0.84, max. 2.97) were achieved 24 h or 96 h after the first dose of isavuconazole. The isavuconazole plasma concentrations pre (inflow line) and post (outflow line) the membrane oxygenator were directly correlated (ρ = 0.987, R2 = 0.994, P &lt; 0.001). Post membrane oxygenator isavuconazole concentrations were directly correlated to contemporaneous samples obtained from the arterial lines of patients (ρ = 0.942, R2 = 0.945, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsIsavuconazole concentrations might be influenced by the higher volume of distribution due to ECMO therapy, but were not altered by the ECMO oxygenator and achieved median plasma concentrations &gt;1 μg/mL 24 h after the first loading dose.
Determining a methodology of dosimetric quality assurance for commercially available accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy system
Authors: Hirose Katsumi , Kato Takahiro , Harada Takaomi , Motoyanagi Tomoaki , Tanaka Hiroki , Takeuchi Akihiko , Kato Ryohei , Komori Shinya , Yamazaki Yuhei , Arai Kazuhiro , Kadoya Noriyuki , Sato Mariko , Takai Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The irradiation field of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) consists of multiple dose components including thermal, epithermal and fast neutron, and gamma. The objective of this work was to establish a methodology of dosimetric quality assurance (QA), using the most standard and reliable measurement methods, and to determine tolerance level for each QA measurement for a commercially available accelerator-based BNCT system. In order to establish a system of dosimetric QA suitable for BNCT, the following steps were taken. First, standard measurement points based on tissue-administered doses in BNCT for brain tumors were defined, and clinical tolerances of dosimetric QA measurements were derived from the contribution to total tissue relative biological effectiveness factor-weighted dose for each dose component. Next, a QA program was proposed based on TG-142 and TG-198, and confirmed that it could be assessed whether constancy of each dose component was assured within the limits of tolerances or not by measurements of the proposed QA program. Finally, the validity of the BNCT QA program as an evaluation system was confirmed in a demonstration experiment for long-term measurement over 1 year. These results offer an easy, reliable QA method that is clinically applicable with dosimetric validity for the mixed irradiation field of accelerator-based BNCT.
Photographs of Type Details Made by Emery Walker: Addenda to an Article of 1986
Authors: Mosley James 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the album of early photographs of types belonging to Talbot Baines Reed (1852–1893), divided between St Bride’s Library and the library of the Victoria and Albert Museum, and offers some addenda. The collection has importance as the photographs were used by William Morris for the design of his own types, the earliest known use of photography for such a purpose.
A semi-analytical model for the temporal evolution of the episodic disc-to-star accretion rate during star formation
Authors: Das Indrani , Basu Shantanu 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We develop a semi-analytical formalism for the determination of the evolution of the stellar mass accretion rate for specified density and velocity profiles that emerge from the runaway collapse of a prestellar cloud core. In the early phase, when the infall of matter from the surrounding envelope is substantial, the star accumulates mass primarily because of envelope-induced gravitational instability in a protostellar disc. In this phase, we model the envelope mass accretion rate from the isothermal free-fall collapse of a molecular cloud core. The disc gains mass from the envelope, and transports matter to the star via a disc accretion mechanism that includes episodic gravitational instability and mass accretion bursts according to the Toomre Q-criterion. In a later phase, mass is accreted on to the star due to gravitational torques within the spiral structures in the disc, in a manner that analytical theory suggests has a mass accretion rate ∝t−6/5. Our model provides a self-consistent evolution of the mass accretion rate by joining the spherical envelope accretion (dominant at the earlier stage) with the disc accretion (important at the later stage), and accounts for the presence of episodic accretion bursts at appropriate times. We show using a simple example that the burst mode can provide a good match to the observed distribution of bolometric luminosities. Our framework reproduces key elements of detailed numerical simulations of disc accretion and can aid in developing intuition about the basic physics as well as to compare theory with observations.
Detailed abundances of the wide pairs of stars with and without planets: the binary systems 16 Cyg and HD 219542
Authors: Ryabchikova T , Pakhomov Yu , Mashonkina L , Sitnova T 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We present results of the comparative analysis of the two wide binary systems – 16 Cyg, with a giant gas planet orbiting around 16 Cyg B, and HD 219542 without planet detected. Atmospheric parameters of the binary components and the Sun were determined using their high-resolution spectra and the sme tools for automatic spectral analysis. By applying the synthetic spectrum method, we derived abundances of 29 and 23 chemical elements in 16 Cyg and HD 219542, respectively. For 19 of these elements, our results are based on the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium line formation. For both 16 Cyg and HD 219542, we obtained a small abundance difference between the A and B components: +0.019 ± 0.012 and −0.014 ± 0.019, respectively, suggesting only a weak influence of the giant gas planet formation on chemical composition of the host star atmosphere. For HD 219542 A and B, trends of the relative-to-solar abundances with the dust condensation temperature are similar to the literature data for the solar analogues without detected planets. The components of 16 Cyg reveal very similar behaviour of [X/H] with the condensation temperature; however, it is different from that for HD 219542. This indicates a specific chemical composition of the cloud from which the 16 Cyg binary system formed.
Doubling of minute-long quasi-periodic pulsations from super-flares on a low-mass star
Authors: Doyle J Gerry , Irawati Puji , Kolotkov Dmitrii Y , Ramsay Gavin , Nhalil Nived Vilangot , Dhillon Vik S , Marsh Tom R , Yadav Ram Kesh 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Using the ULTRASPEC instrument mounted on the 2.4-m Thai National Telescope, we observed two large flares, each with a total energy close to 1034 erg with sub-second cadence. A combination of a wavelet analysis, a Fourier transform plus an empirical mode decomposition, reveals quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) that exhibit an apparent doubling of the oscillation period. Both events showed oscillations of a few minutes over a interval of several minutes, and despite the availability of sub-second cadence, there was no evidence of sub-minute oscillations. The doubling of the QPP periods and shorter lifetime of shorter-period QPP modes strongly favour resonant dynamics of magnetohydrodynamic waves in a coronal loop. We estimate loop lengths to be 0.2–0.7 R⋆, in agreement with a typical length of solar coronal loops. These observations presents rare and compelling evidence for the presence of compact plasma loops in a stellar corona.
Delensing the CMB with the cosmic infrared background: the impact of foregrounds
Authors: Baleato Lizancos Antón , Challinor Anthony , Sherwin Blake D , Namikawa Toshiya 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The most promising avenue for detecting primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation is through measurements of degree-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-mode polarization. This approach must face the challenge posed by gravitational lensing of the CMB, which obscures the signal of interest. Fortunately, the lensing effects can be partially removed by combining high-resolution E-mode measurements with an estimate of the projected matter distribution. For near-future experiments, the best estimate of the latter will arise from co-adding internal reconstructions (derived from the CMB itself) with external tracers such as the cosmic infrared background (CIB). In this work, we characterize how foregrounds impact the delensing procedure when CIB intensity, I, is used as the matter tracer. We find that higher point functions of the CIB and Galactic dust such as 〈BEI〉c and 〈EIEI〉c can, in principle, bias the power spectrum of delensed B-modes. To quantify these, we first estimate the dust residuals in currently available CIB maps and upcoming, foreground-cleaned Simons Observatory CMB data. Then, using non-Gaussian simulations of Galactic dust – extrapolated to the relevant frequencies, assuming the spectral index of polarized dust emission to be fixed at the value determined by Planck – we show that the bias to any primordial signal is small compared to statistical errors for ground-based experiments, but might be significant for space-based experiments probing very large angular scales. However, mitigation techniques based on multifrequency cleaning appear to be very effective. We also show, by means of an analytical model, that the bias arising from the higher point functions of the CIB itself ought to be negligible.
Eccentric orbits and apsidal motion in the eclipsing binaries EK Cep and HS Her
Authors: Latković Olivera , Gazeas Kosmas , Markov Haralambi , Čeki Atila , Palafouta Sofia 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the first modern analysis of two young eclipsing binaries, EK Cep and HS Her, based on new ground-based CCD multicolour light curves and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations, radial velocity curves, and eclipse timing measurements. The orbital and stellar parameters of the stars are determined by Roche modelling, and their evolutionary status is examined using a grid of isochrones and evolutionary tracks. We find that HS Her is 25–32 Myr old and its components are on the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS); at the age of 16–20 Myr, the primary of EK Cep is also on the ZAMS, but its secondary is a pre-main-sequence star. Both binaries have slightly eccentric orbits and display apsidal motion. Based on updated eclipse timings and spectroscopic evidence, we rule out the presence of a previously hypothesized tertiary component in HS Her.
UGPS J194310+183851: an unusual optical and X-ray faint cataclysmic variable?
Authors: Morris C , Maccarone T J , Lucas P W , Strader J , Britt C T , Miller N , Swihart S J , Cooper W J , Drew J E , Guo Z 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The growing number of multi-epoch optical and infrared sky surveys are uncovering unprecedented numbers of new variable stars, of an increasing number of types. The short interval between observations in adjacent near-infrared filters in the UKIDSS Galactic Plane Survey (UGPS) allows for the discovery of variability on the time-scale of minutes. We report on the nature of one such object, through the use of optical spectroscopy, time series photometry, and targeted X-ray observations. We propose that UGPS J194310.32+183851.8 is a magnetic cataclysmic variable star of novel character, probably featuring a longer than average spin period and an orbital period likely to be shorter than the period gap (i.e. Porb &lt; 2 h). We reason that the star is likely a member of the short-period intermediate-polar subclass that exists below this period boundary, but with the additional feature that system’s spectral energy distribution is fainter and redder than other members of the group.
Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies – IX. Helium abundance estimates
Authors: Dors O L , Valerdi M , Freitas-Lemes P , Krabbe A C , Riffel R A , Amôres E B , Riffel R , Armah M , Monteiro A F , Oliveira C B 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
For the first time, the helium abundance relative to hydrogen (He/H), which relied on direct measurements of the electron temperature, has been derived in the narrow line regions (NLRs) from a local sample of Seyfert 2 nuclei. In view of this, optical emission line intensities [3000 &lt; λ(Å) &lt; 7000] of 65 local Seyfert 2 nuclei (z &lt; 0.2), taken from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 15 and additional compilation from the literature, were considered. We used photoionization model grid to derive an Ionization Correction Factor (ICF) for the neutral helium. The application of this ICF indicates that the NLRs of Seyfert 2 present a neutral helium fraction of ∼50 per cent in relation to the total helium abundance. We find that Seyfert 2 nuclei present helium abundance ranging from 0.60 to 2.50 times the solar value, while ∼85 per cent of the sample present oversolar abundance values. The derived (He/H)–(O/H) abundance relation from the Seyfert 2 is stepper than that of star-forming regions (SFs) and this difference could be due to excess of helium injected into the interstellar medium by the winds of Wolf–Rayet stars. From a regression to zero metallicity, by using Seyfert 2 estimates combined with SFs estimates, we obtained a primordial helium mass fraction Yp = 0.2441 ± 0.0037, a value in good agreement with the one inferred from the temperature fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background by the Planck Collaboration, i.e. $Y_{\rm p}^{\rm Planck}=0.2471\pm 0.0003$.
Deep learning unresolved lensed light curves
Authors: Denissenya Mikhail , Linder Eric V 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Gravitationally lensed sources may have unresolved or blended multiple images, and for time varying sources, the light curves from individual images can overlap. We use convolutional neural nets to both classify the light curves as due to unlensed, double, or quad lensed sources and fit for the time delays. Focusing on lensed supernova systems with time delays Δt ≳ 6 d, we achieve 100 per cent precision and recall in identifying the number of images and then estimating the time delays to σΔt ≈ 1 d, with a 1000× speedup relative to our previous Monte Carlo technique. This also succeeds for flux noise levels $\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. For Δt ∈ [2, 6] d, we obtain 94–98 per cent accuracy, depending on image configuration. We also explore using partial light curves where observations only start near maximum light, without the rise time data, and quantify the success.
Ancestrally Reconstructed von Willebrand Factor Reveals Evidence for Trench Warfare Coevolution between Opossums and Pit Vipers
Authors: Drabeck Danielle H , Rucavado Alexandra , Hingst-Zaher Erika , Dean Antony , Jansa Sharon A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Opossums in the tribe Didelphini are resistant to pit viper venoms and are hypothesized to be coevolving with venomous snakes. Specifically, a protein involved in blood clotting (von Willebrand factor [vWF] which is targeted by snake venom C-type lectins [CTLs]) has been found to undergo rapid adaptive evolution in Didelphini. Several unique amino acid changes in vWF could explain their resistance; however, experimental evidence that these changes disrupt binding to venom CTLs was lacking. Furthermore, without explicit testing of ancestral phenotypes to reveal the mode of evolution, the assertion that this system represents an example of coevolution rather than noncoevolutionary adaptation remains unsupported. Using expressed vWF proteins and purified venom CTLs, we quantified binding affinity for vWF proteins from all resistant taxa, their venom-sensitive relatives, and their ancestors. We show that CTL-resistant vWF is present in opossums outside clade Didelphini and likely across a wider swath of opossums (family Didelphidae) than previously thought. Ancestral reconstruction and in vitro testing of vWF phenotypes in a clade of rapidly evolving opossums reveal a pattern consistent with trench warfare coevolution between opossums and their venomous snake prey.
Symptoms compatible with Rome IV functional bowel disorder in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Wang Lei , Song Chuan , Wang Yiwen , Hu Lidong , Liu Xingkang , Zhang Jiaxin , Ji Xiaojian , Man Siliang , Zhang Nana , Li Gang , Yang Yunsheng , Peng Lihua , Wei Zhimin , Huang Feng 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To determine the frequency of symptoms meeting Rome IV functional bowel disorder (FBD) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), investigate factors associated with FBD symptoms, and assess whether having FBD symptoms might influence AS disease activity.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 153 AS patients without known colonic ulcers and 56 sex- and age-matched controls to evaluate FBD (or its subtypes) symptoms. Disease characteristics were also evaluated in the AS group.

Results
Sixty (39.2%) of 153 AS patients had FBD symptoms, which were more prevalent than controls (23.2%). Besides, symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic diarrhoea were detected in 18 and 43 AS patients, respectively. For the AS group, multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that symptoms of FBD, IBS, and chronic diarrhoea were negatively associated with using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and positively associated with comorbid fibromyalgia, respectively. In exploration about the effects of FBD (or its subtypes) symptoms on AS disease activity by multivariable linear regression analyses, FBD symptoms and chronic diarrhoea had universal positive associations with assessments of AS disease characteristics, respectively.

Conclusions
Patients with AS had frequent symptoms compatible with FBD, IBS, and chronic diarrhoea, proportions of which were lower in those with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. The improvement of FBD symptoms and chronic diarrhoea might be conducive to the disease status of AS patients.
De novosequencing, diploid assembly, and annotation of the black carpenter ant,Camponotus pennsylvanicus, and its symbionts by one person for $1000, using nanopore sequencing
Authors: Faulk Christopher 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe black carpenter ant (Camponotus pennsylvanicus) is a pest species found widely throughout North America. From a single individual I used long-read nanopore sequencing to assemble a phased diploid genome of 306 Mb and 60X coverage, with quality assessed by a 97.0% BUSCO score, improving upon other ant assemblies. The mitochondrial genome reveals minor rearrangements from other ants. The reads also allowed assembly of parasitic and symbiont genomes. I include a complete Wolbachia bacterial assembly with a size of 1.2 Mb, as well as a commensal symbiont Blochmannia pennsylvanicus, at 791 kb. DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation were measured at base-pair resolution level from the same reads and confirmed extremely low levels seen in the Formicidae family. There was moderate heterozygosity, with 0.16% of bases being biallelic from the parental haplotypes. Protein prediction yielded 14 415 amino acid sequences with 95.8% BUSCO score and 86% matching to previously known proteins. All assemblies were derived from a single MinION flow cell generating 20 Gb of sequence for a cost of $1047 including consumable reagents. Adding fixed costs for equipment brings the total for an ant-sized genome to less than $5000. All analyses were performed in 1 week on a single desktop computer.
Is the risk of infection higher during treatment with secukinumab than with TNF inhibitors? An observational study from the Nordic countries
Authors: Glintborg Bente , Di Giuseppe Daniela , Wallman Johan K , Provan Sella A , Nordström Dan , Hokkanen Anna-Mari , Österlund Jenny , Kristianslund Eirik , Kvien Tore K , Gudbjornsson Bjorn  , Hetland Merete Lund , Michelsen Brigitte , Jacobsson Lennart , Askling Johan  , Lindström Ulf 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The positioning of secukinumab in the treatment of axial SpA (axSpA) and PsA is debated, partly due to a limited understanding of the comparative safety of the available treatments. We aimed to assess the risk of the key safety outcome infections during treatment with secukinumab and TNF inhibitors (TNFi).

Methods
Patients with SpA and PsA starting secukinumab or TNFi year 2015 through 2018 were identified in four Nordic rheumatology registers. The first hospitalized infection during the first year of treatment was identified through linkage to national registers. Incidence rates (IRs) with 95% CIs per 100 patient-years were calculated. Adjusted hazard ratios were estimated through Cox regression, with secukinumab as the reference. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate confounding by indication.

Results
Among 7708 patients with SpA and 5760 patients with PsA, we identified 16 229 treatment courses of TNFi (53% bionaïve) and 1948 with secukinumab (11% bionaïve). For secukinumab, the first-year risk of hospitalized infection was 3.5% (IR 5.0; 3.9–6.3), compared with 1.7% (IR 2.3; 1.7–3.0) during 3201 courses with adalimumab, with the IRs for other TNFi lying in between these values. The adjusted HR for adalimumab, compared with secukinumab, was 0.58 (0.39–0.85). In sensitivity analyses, the difference from secukinumab was somewhat attenuated and in some analyses no longer statistically significant.

Conclusion
When used according to clinical practice in the Nordic countries, the observed first-year absolute risk of hospitalized infection was doubled for secukinumab compared with adalimumab. This excess risk seemed largely explained by confounding by indication.