bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Issue on State-of-the-Art Actuators: Design, Analysis, Control, Materials, Systems, and Applications
Authors: Furutani Katsushi 
Published: July 2022

Actuators are components that are essential to the moving, manipulating, or deforming of objects. Historically, conventional electromagnetic motors as well as pneumatic and hydraulic actuators have been developed to sophistication. In the past several decades, however, many other kinds of actuators based on novel principles have also been proposed. These have employed physical or/and chemical effects, such as piezoelectric, electrostatic, or giant magnetostrctive effects, as well as thermal expansion, phase transformation, or ion mobility in polymers. Not only the novel actuators but also conventional ones have been continually evolving in astounding ways. These actuators have been embedded not only in conventional machines but also in smart ones, such as artificial muscles for robots and power assist systems, electric vehicles, and machine tools. By combining the actuators with the Internet of Things (IoT), they are also used to test equipment. In addition, there is no doubt that the technologies involved in the development of novel actuators and the improvement of their efficiency are key to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as actuators currently consume a huge aggregate amount of energy. In sum, actuators have the potential to be central to the development of innovative machines.
This special issue features one review, six research papers, and three technical papers on the most recent advances in various types of actuators. These papers cover topics that include magnetic levitation technologies for precision motion control, electromagnetic motors, fluid power actuators, electrostatic actuators embedded in micro-electromechanical systems, and an ultrasonic motor, plus their applications.
All the papers were refereed through careful peer reviews. I believe that this special issue will help the readers to enhance their understanding and knowledge of actuators and their applications. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the excellent contributions of all the authors, and I appreciate the incisive efforts of reviewers in producing this special issue.
Monitoring the exposure and emissions of antibiotic resistance: Co-occurrence of antibiotics and resistance genes in wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Steenbeek Ruud , Timmers Peer H. A. , van der Linde Danielle , Hup Kay , Hornstra Luc , Been Frederic 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new momentum to ‘wastewater-based epidemiology’ (WBE). This approach can be applied to monitor the levels of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), which in terms are used to make inferences about the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human settlements. However, there is still little information about temporal variability in ARG levels measured in wastewater streams and how these influence the inferences made about the occurrence of AMR in communities. The goal of this study was hence to gain insights into the variability in ARG levels measured in the influent and effluent of two wastewater treatment plants in The Netherlands and link these to levels of antibiotic residues measured in the same samples. Eleven antibiotics were detected, together with all selected ARGs, except for VanB. Among the measured antibiotics, significant positive correlations (p &gt; 0.70) with the corresponding resistance genes and some non-corresponding ARGs were found. Mass loads varied up to a factor of 35 between days and in concomitance with rainfall. Adequate sampling schemes need to be designed to ensure that conclusions are drawn from valid and representative data. Additionally, we advocate for the use of mass loads to interpret levels of AMR measured in wastewater.
Possibility of a case of pneumonia caused by green tea contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and countermeasures against it
Authors: Oie Shigeharu , Kawai Shinya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We report a patient who developed pneumonia after prolonged use of spray bottle containing green tea for hydration purposes. The cause was suspected to be a contamination of green tea because the patient's symptoms persisted and did not improve until stopping the use of the spray bottle and we also found the green tea in the spray bottle to harbor a high number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.2 × 107 colony forming units (cfu)/mL). It is not uncommon to use green tea for hydration or gargling purposes in some patient care settings considering the antibacterial effects of catechins contained in green tea. Our findings suggest the importance of keeping vigilance on consuming green tea in spray bottles in hospital settings since it may readily be contaminated by pathogens such as P. aeruginosa.
Landslide susceptibility modelling in Nyahode and Buzi sub-catchments of Zimbabwe
Authors: Muchaka Forgiveness Abraham , Gumindoga Webster , Meck Lydia Maideyi , Gwitira Isaiah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Landslides are natural hazards that have different susceptibility across landsurface terrains and are mostly triggered by high rainfall intensity. Cyclone Idai, which affected the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe in 2019, resulted in at least 634 deaths, and over 300 missing people due to landslides and floods, necessitating investigations to understand hydrometeorological hazards in the area. This study aimed at modelling landslide susceptibility using field and remote sensing data in Nyahode and Buzi sub-catchments. The mapped landslide inventory was used in the building and validation of the landslide susceptibility model. A geostatistical approach was used for landslide susceptibility model building with 11 landslide conditioning factors: slope degree, slope aspect, altitude, lithology, land use/land cover, distance from the river, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, topographic wetness Index, and soil clay content, soil sand content, and soil silt content. The landslide susceptibility map was categorized into four classes, namely low, moderate, high, and very high. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve used to validate obtained landslide susceptibility. Results show a frequency success rate of 0.85 and a frequency predictive rate of 0.82 indicating a very good accuracy in the identification of landslide susceptibility areas. The utilized method provides affordable, faster, practical, and more reliable results useful in land use planning, water resources, and disaster risk management as well as catchment protection actions to reduce the impact of landslide hazards.
Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient water treatment method for various sewage:- A review
Authors: Song Yongxing , Hou Ruijie , Zhang Weibin , Liu Jingting 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the development of industry and the rapid growth of population, the current water treatment technologies face many challenges. Hydrodynamic cavitation as a green and efficient means of water treatment has attracted much attention. During the hydrodynamic cavitation, enormous energy could be released into the surrounding liquid which causes thermal effects (local hotspots with 4600 K), mechanical effects (pressures of 1500 bar) and chemical effects (hydroxyl radicals). These conditions can degrade bacteria and organic substance in sewage. Moreover, the combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and other water treatment methods can produce a coupling effect. In this review, we summarize the methods of hydrodynamic cavitation and the performance of water treatment for different types of sewage. The application of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors with different structures in water treatment are also evaluated and discussed. The design and optimization of high-performance hydrodynamic cavitation reactor are the most crucial issues for the application of hydrodynamic cavitation in water treatment. Finally, recommendations are provided for the future progress of hydrodynamic cavitation for water treatment.
The Role of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Reduction of Mortality from
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Lian Tingting 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. However, exact role of these inhibitors particularly in the reduction of mortality of non-small cell lung cancer is unclear so far. As a result, we used RevMan 5 to conduct a meta-analysis of accessible data from randomised clinical trials.

Methods:
The studies were categorised based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria after being collected from PubMed using appropriate MeSH terms. The fixed or random effect model was used based on heterogeneity among studies. The overall estimate was estimated as an odd ratio with a confidence interval of 95 %. The heterogeneity among studies was calculated by I2 and Cochrane Q test. The qualitative analysis of publication bias was done using funnel plot.

Results:
The overall estimate measures [OR 1.02 (0.83, 1.25)] have shown non-significant role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in reduction of deaths of non-small cell lung cancer patients as compared to non-tyrosine kinase inhibitors group. The subgroup analysis of individual tyrosine kinase inhibitors (erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, osimertinib and vandetanib) has also shown similar kind of findings.

Conclusion:
Based on available data, there is no significant role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the reduction of deaths of non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: A Paradigm Shift in Big Data-Driven Drug Design and Discovery
Authors: Pasrija Purvashi , Jha Prakash , Upadhyaya Pruthvi , Khan Mohd. Shoaib , Chopra Madhu 
Published: July 2022

Background:The lengthy and expensive process of developing a novel medicine often takes many years and entails a significant financial burden due to its poor success rate. Furthermore, the processing and analysis of quickly expanding massive data necessitate the use of cutting-edge methodologies. As a result, Artificial Intelligence-driven methods that have been shown to improve the efficiency and accuracy of drug discovery have grown in favor.Objective:The goal of this thorough analysis is to provide an overview of the drug discovery and development timeline, various approaches to drug design, and the use of Artificial Intelligence in many aspects of drug discovery.Methods:Traditional drug development approaches and their disadvantages have been explored in this paper, followed by an introduction to AI-based technology. Also, advanced methods used in Machine Learning and Deep Learning are examined in detail. A few examples of big data research that has transformed the field of medication discovery have also been presented. Also covered are the many databases, toolkits, and software available for constructing Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning models, as well as some standard model evaluation parameters. Finally, recent advances and uses of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in drug discovery are thoroughly examined, along with their limitations and future potential.Conclusion:Artificial Intelligence-based technologies enhance decision-making by utilizing the abundantly available high-quality data, thereby reducing the time and cost involved in the process. We anticipate that this review would be useful to researchers interested in Artificial Intelligence-based drug development.
Current Updates in the Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure with a
Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Dahal Ranjan , Nickel Nils , Mukherjee Debabrata , Alkhateeb Haider 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Heart failure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With improved longevity, the incidence and prevalence of heart failure continue to rise with an estimated prevalence of around 26 million worldwide. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) constitutes around 50% of the total heart failure cases and is the most common cause of heart failure in the elderly population. The cost of heart failure care continues to rise with care for heart failure hospitalization taking the major bulk. The cost was around 30 billion in the US in 2012 and is projected to reach 70 billion by 2030.

Objective:
This study aims to provide updated pharmacotherapy of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods:
We performed a comprehensive literature review to examine the available pharmacotherapeutics in the management of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction using online databases (PubMed and Embase).

Results:
We reviewed multiple studies examining pharmacotherapeutics in the management of HFpEF and reducing heart failure hospitalizations in this cohort. Until recently, our management mainly focused on aggressively managing diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease anticipating improving the outcome. Beta-blockers, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, sildenafil, digoxin, vericiguat, praliciguat, and Ivabradine did not improve heart failure hospitalization in this cohort.

Conclusion:
EMPEROR-PRESERVED (Empagliflozin) and PRESERVED-HF (Dapagliflozin) results in the management of HFpEF look promising irrespective of diabetes status. Sacubitril-valsartan and Empagliflozon are the only medications approved for its management as per the PARAGON-HF and EMPEROR-PRESERVED studies respectively.
Visible Light-Emitting Diode Light-Driven Aerial Oxidation of Aldehydes
under Catalyst and Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Banerjee Subhash , Patel Ashok Raj , Patel Geetika , Das Sajal , Sharma Bhaskar 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Green and sustainable method for the oxidation of aldehydes into acids is
now in demand as carboxylic acids are important and versatile intermediates. In this context, visible
LED light-promoted aerial oxidation can be efficient and greener protocol.

Objective:
Herein, we have demonstrated a visible LED light-promoted efficient and greener protocol
for the aerial oxidation of aromatic aldehydes into corresponding acids in the absence of any additives,
base, catalyst, and oxidant.

Methods:
The oxidation of aromatic aldehydes was irradiated by an LED light at room temperature
under an open atmosphere, monitored by TLC. The rate of oxidation was also monitored using different
LED lights by UV-Vis studies. The products were purified by column chromatography using silica
gel, and the mixture of ethyl acetate/petroleum ether as an eluting solvent and the pure products were
confirmed by their melting point determination and NMR spectroscopic analysis.

Results:
The aldehydes were successfully converted into corresponding acids with good isolated
yields (60-90 %) by this protocol, where blue LED light (l ~ 490 nm) was found to be the best choice.

Conclusion:
The present protocol of aerial oxidation of aromatic aldehydes into corresponding acids
under visible LED light has been carried out in the absence of catalyst, oxidant, base, and any other
additives. The higher isolated yields, no byproduct formation, and neat reaction conditions are the major
advantages of the protocol.
Clinical Characteristics of Down Syndrome with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Azzahra Safira , Utari Agustini , Soetadji Anindita 
Published: July 2022

Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21, causes overexpression of genes in most affected organs, including congenital heart disease (CHD). CHD is found in 40-60% of people with DS, with a high mortality rate in early life.Clinical signs and symptoms often found are essential indicators of early diagnosis of CHD. This study aimed todetermine the clinical characteristics of DS children with and without CHD. This study was a retrospective study.The study was conducted on August until October 2019. We took data from the inpatient and outpatient medicalrecords database for the years 2017-2019 in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. Some informationincludes clinical signs and symptoms, nutritional status, comorbidities, and frequency of hospitalization in amonth were collected. A total of 66 patients were diagnosed with DS, consisting of 44 DS patients with CHDand 22 DS patients without CHD. There were no differences in nutritional status, interrupted breastfeeding, chestretraction, respiratory rate, thyroid disorder, hearing abnormalities, acute otitis media, and obstructive sleepapnea in both groups (p> 0.05). There were significant differences in the clinical characteristics of cyanosis(p=0.005), heart murmur (p=<0.001), and frequency of acute respiratory tract infection in a year (p=<0.001), andfrequency of hospitalization per month (p=0.039) in DS children with and without CHD. In conclusion, we foundsignificant difference in clinical characteristic in DS children with and without CHD.
Hubungan Diabetes Melitus dengan Kejadian Mortalitas pada Pasien Terkonfirmasi Covid-19 Tahun 2020: Systematic Review
Authors: Hunafa Ahda Faza , Harahap Salman Paris , Yulianti Retno , Nugraha Yudhi 
Published: July 2022

COVID-19 merupakan penyakit saluran napas disebabkan oleh strain coronavirus yang baru ditemukan, yaitu severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diabetes melitus (DM) diduga meningkatkan keparahan dan angka kematian pasien COVID-19. Pemahaman mengenai COVID-19 disertai DM hingga kini belum lengkap karena penyakit ini terus menyebar dengan cepat. Telaah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan DM dengan kejadian mortalitas pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 tahun 2020 melalui systematic review. Pencarian jurnal dilakukan pada bulan Mei hingga 8 Juli 2020 di pusat literatur publikasi dengan kata kunci “COVID-19” AND “Glycemic Control” OR “Diabetes Control” AND “Mortality” sesuai Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). Telaah kritis dilakukan berdasarkan pedoman instrumen telaah National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and the Research Triangle Institute International. Data diperoleh dari 8 jurnal yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian; dibagi menjadi kategori DM terkontrol dan atau tidak terkontrol. Hasil telaah menunjukkan tingginya persentase kejadian mortalitas pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 yang disertai dengan DM, terutama lebih tinggi pada kelompok pasien dengan DM tidak terkontrol yaitu 11% dengan nilai risk ratio 2,56.
Kata kunci: COVID-19, diabetes melitus, kontrol glikemik, kontrol diabetes, mortalitas.

The Correlation between Diabetes Mellitus and Mortality of Patient with Confirmed COVID-19: Systematic Review
Abstract
COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the new coronavirus strain, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is suspected as one of the causes that intensify the number of death of the COVID-19 patients. The literatures for DM in COVID-19 have been updated as the disease swiftly spreading. This study aims to know the relation between DM and the mortality of confirmed patients of COVID-19 in 2020 using systematic review method. Journal searches are conducted from April to July 8th 2020 in publication literature center with keywords “COVID-19” and “Glycemic Control” or “Diabetes Control” and “Mortality” reported in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). Critical appraisal is made based on National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and the Research Triangle Institute International. The data are collected from 8 journals that involved the research criteria (controlled DM and not controlled DM ). This study proved high number of mortality cases of COVID-19 confirmed patients with DM. Uncontrolled DM group has the higher percentage of mortality cases of 11% with a Risk Ratio (RR) of 2.56.
Keywords: COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, diabetes control, mortality.
The Relationship Between Absolute Poverty Income Inequality in Rural and Urban Areas in Indonesia: The Granger Causality Approach
Authors: Mustika Candra , Haryadi Haryadi , Junaidi Junaidi , Zamzami Zamzami 
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the relationship between poverty and inequality in rural and urban areas by using the Granger causality test approach. This research method uses the Granger causality test analysis tool with rural and urban areas as objects in all provinces in Indonesia with use data from thirty four province and period year from 2014 until 2020. The results of the Granger causality test for rural areas show that there is a realtionship unidirectional relationship between poverty and inequality, the relationship shows significant inequality that causes poverty in rural areas, that meaning in rural area absolute poverty happen because inequality income distribution, while the results of causality tests for urban areas show that there is no relationship at all between poverty and inequality in the urban areas. that meaning In urban areas no causality between absolute poverty and inequality income distribution, this result shows that poverty and inequality in urban areas do not contain a direct one way or two-way relationship.
Effect of Penicillium chrysogenum Concentration on The Production and Characteristic of Pectinase Enzyme from Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Peel Waste
Authors: Setyaji Bayu , Herawati Maria Marina 
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of Penicillium chrysogenum isolates on the production of pectinase enzymes from pineapple peel waste. The experiment was arranged in CRD (completely randomized design) with six different isolate concentrations (4%; 8%; 14%; 16%; 20%; and 24%). The experiment constituted of three stages, namely production of enzymes by using Penicillium chrysogenum isolates, enzyme harvesting with a goal to obtain a crude extract of the enzymes, and enzyme characterization. Parameters in this study included enzyme activity, optimum temperature, optimum pH, Km value, and Vmax value. Results showed that the highest yield (1.87 g) was obtained from the 24% treatment and the lowest in the 4% treatment at 1.63 g. The highest enzyme activity in the 24% treatment was 1.924 U/ml and the lowest was in the 4% treatment, namely 0.949 U/ml. The highest Vmax value was 0.690 U/ml from the 24% treatment and the lowest was 474 from the 4% treatment. Conversely, the highest Km (0.040 mg/ml) value was found in 4% treatment and the lowest (0.016 mg/ml) was observed in 24% treatment. Keywords: Characteristics, Enzyme, Fungi, Pectinase, Pineapple
The Effect of Smoking Treatment on Infection Level, Dormancy, and Physiological Quality of Shallot Seed
Authors: Wariyanti Wariyanti , Nelwan Leopold O. , Sutrisno Sutrisno 
Published: July 2022

Plant-derived smokes has antimicrobial activity and have been reported to have the ability to promote germination for various kinds of plant seeds. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of coconut shell burning smoke against the level of fungal infection, dormancy, and the physiological quality of shallot seed bulb. The research design used was a factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the smoking time (t), with 3 levels of treatments (t1 = 40 minutes, t2 = 80 minutes, t3 = 120 minutes) and the second factor is the temperatures of the biomass reactor (T), with 2 treatments (T1 = 200 ± 50 oC and T2 = 300 ± 50 oC). The smoking process using the pyrolysis-external heating method was carried out without affecting the moisture content of the seeds. The smoking with reactor temperature of 300 oC and duration of 40 minutes gave the same effect as the treatment of the highest temperature and duration, two of these treatments gave the highest antimicrobial effect and dormancy compared to other treatments. The smoking with 300 oC reactor temperature and 40 minutes duration gave an average dormancy of 96.3±10.1 (DAH) and 50.7±1.8 % infection. Keywords: Choconut shell smoke, Dormancy, Fungi infection, Physiological quality, Shallot seed bulbs