bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the under pass structure in Gatot Subroto – Cokroaminoto Intersection-Roads, Denpasar – Bali
Authors: Jaya I Made , Sutapa I Ketut , Suasira I Wayan , Kader Made Suardana , Intara I Wayan 
Published: July 2022

Denpasar represent town with amount of most resident in Bali and have tendency will increasingly. This of course will be followed by accelerating development various sector. This condition will be create various of urban problems, among the others problem is jam of traffic, that caused of existence of unbalanced between growth of very fast vehicle (14%) compared to with accretion of new streets which only reaching 3,6% a year. To overcome the problem one of the effort able to be conducted is by improving the quality of street service which have there, especially at critical joint streets and intersection streets, like Gatot Subroto - Cokroaminoto intersection-roads. However progressively is fast of accretion amount of vehicle, this methode will not can give optimal service, so that require to another way of problem solving. Other Arrangement Alternative to solve this jam is with intersection street is not at a piece of, such as which have been applied at Simpang Dewa Ruci. In general, the type of construction is fly over and underpass, but pursuant to experience at Simpang Dewa Ruci, from the social and culture aspect happened deduction of fly over type.
Символическое градостроительство России XVIII - начала XIX века
Authors: Мазаев Григорий 
Published: July 2022

Важнейшее свойство объектов искусства - воплощение в символических образах категорий общечеловеческого смыс­ла, высших ценностей культуры народа. Градостроительство как сфера архитектурного искусства должно иметь в своём арсенале художественных средств символические образы. Языком выражения этих идей, категорий и символов может быть только планировочная форма города - форма его плана и планировочной организации.
В статье на примере отдельных «идеальных» городов России XVIII - начала XIX века показаны примеры создания специфичных планировок, служащих выражением символи­ческих образов. Привнесённые в Россию идеи спекулятивного масонства выражены в планировке единственного в России города с пятиугольной формой плана - Золочеве. Автору удалось раскрыть сложный алгоритм построения планировки города, показывающий неслучайность её формы, которая выражает всю систему масонской идеологии и даже симво­лику древнего Египта. Однако эти идеи были чужды русской православной культуре.
Следствием стало появление городов, в плане которых пла­нировочными средствами создавались символы православной веры России - Креста. Это ставило город под Божественное покровительство и придавало ему сакральную защиту.
Русские градостроители, увлекаясь европейскими идеями, смогли создать собственные национальные градостроитель­ные образы, отвечающие культуре русского народа.
Changes in Visual Impairment due to Diabetic Retinopathy During 1980–2019 Based on Nationwide Register Data
Authors: Purola Petri K.M. , Ojamo Matti U.I. , Gissler Mika , Uusitalo Hannu M.T. 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate changes in the incidence, prevalence, severity, and onset age of visual impairment (VI) due to diabetic retinopathy (DR) and compare these trends in the screening and treatment of diabetes during 40 years based on Finnish national register data.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included people with VI with nonproliferative DR (NPDR; n = 2,490, 73% women) or proliferative DR (PDR; n = 2,026, 53% women) as the main diagnosis for VI during 1980–2019 in the Finnish Register of Visual Impairment. The number of patients with treated diabetes during 1986–2019 was obtained from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland registers based on reimbursed medication data.

RESULTS
The annual incidence of reported VI due to DR has decreased since it peaked in the 1990s: regarding NPDR, it decreased from 102.3 to 5.5 per 100,000 patients with treated diabetes between the 1990s and 2010s; regarding PDR, the respective change was from 39.9 to 7.4. The incidence of patients with diabetes treated for DR increased during this period. Annual prevalence of reported VI and differences between sexes steadily decreased in the 2000s and 2010s. The severity of reported VI has decreased, and the age at the onset of reported VI increased during the 40 years.

CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence and incidence of VI due to DR have dramatically decreased and shifted to older age during the 40 years despite the increasing prevalence of diabetes. These positive trends highlight the successful development and effectiveness of screening and therapies for diabetes and DR.
Percutaneous transvenous coil embolization of congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in small- and toy-breed dogs: 20 cases (2015–2021)
Authors: Solari Francesca P. , Culp William T. N. , Vilaplana Grosso Federico R. , Case J. Brad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To describe outcomes of small- and toy-breed dogs with a congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (IHPSS) treated with percutaneous transvenous coil embolization (PTCE).

ANIMALS
20 small- and toy-breed dogs with an IHPSS.

PROCEDURES
All dogs underwent CT angiography for shunt evaluation as well as PTCE. Medical records were reviewed for pertinent data, and owners and primary veterinarians were contacted for long-term follow-up information.

RESULTS
Dogs ranged from 1.5 to 10.0 kg (mean ± SD, 6.32 ± 2.57 kg) in weight. The equipment used to perform PTCE tended to be smaller than that previously described for larger breed dogs. Intra- and postoperative complication rates were 20% (4/20) and 5% (1/20), respectively, and included hypotension, bradycardia, hypercapnia, ventricular premature contractions, hypothermia, and regurgitation. Dogs were discharged a median of 3 days (range, 1 to 3 days) after surgery, and all dogs survived to discharge. Clinical signs resolved in 95% (19/20) of the dogs a median of 21 days after the procedure. One- and 2-year survival rates were 92%. Three dogs had died by the time of data collection; 2 of these dogs died of causes related to the IHPSS 267 and 1,178 days, respectively, after the procedure.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Percutaneous transvenous coil embolization was a safe and effective option for treatment of IHPSS in small- and toy-breed dogs and offered a minimally invasive alternative to open surgical techniques. Complication and survival rates in this cohort were similar to or better than those reported in previous studies evaluating PTCE and open surgical techniques for treatment of IHPSS in dogs.
A Novel Data Mining Approach for Defect Detection in the Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Process
Authors: Bártová Blanka , Bína Vladislav 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This research aims to propose an effective model for the detection of defective Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) in the output stage of the Surface-Mount Technology (SMT) line. The emphasis is placed on increasing the classification accuracy, reducing the algorithm training time, and a further improvement of the final product quality. This approach combines a feature extraction technique, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and a classification algorithm, the Support Vector Machine (SVM), with previously applied Automated Optical Inspection (AOI). Different types of SVM algorithms (linear, kernels and weighted) were tuned to get the best accuracy of the resulting algorithm for separating good-quality and defective products. A novel automated defect detection approach for the PCB manufacturing process is proposed. The data from the real PCB manufacturing process were used for this experimental study. The resulting PCALWSVM model achieved 100 % accuracy in the PCB defect detection task. This article proposes a potentially unique model for accurate defect detection in the PCB industry. A combination of PCA and LWSVM methods with AOI technology is an original and effective solution. The proposed model can be used in various manufacturing companies as a postprocessing step for an SMT line with AOI, either for accurate defect detection or for preventing false calls.
What the youth of a large Russian city knows and thinks about vandalism: the case of Yekaterinburg
Authors: Rudenkin Dmitry Vasil'evich 
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the dominant public opinion of Russian urban youth about vandalism and its forms of manifestation. The author notes that the current practice of research in social and humanitarian science is mainly focused on the analysis of specific cases of vandalism and the motivation of its subjects, while the specifics of mass representations of young people about this phenomenon remains poorly understood. Referring to the data of his own sociological research, the author seeks to take a step in overcoming this imbalance and establish the dominant attitude of Russian urban youth to the phenomenon of vandalism. The hypothesis of the work is that the ground for the spread of youth vandalism is largely created by the superficiality and flexibility of the attitude of the mass youth audience to this phenomenon. The analysis carried out in the course of the study shows that this hypothesis turned out to be fair. It was found that vandalism as a phenomenon causes mass condemnation of young people only at the level of abstract judgments, while the real attitude of young people to processes in urban space turns out to be flexible. Many young people have an extremely narrow idea of what vandalism is, and do not consider a number of destructive activities in urban space to be its manifestations. This space itself is not perceived as inviolable: the possibility of unauthorized transformations in it does not cause mass rejection of young people. And already existing vandal damage is often simply not noticed. In general, the analysis showed that educational activities should be no less important vector of prevention of youth vandalism than the existing areas of such work.
Course of the V3 segment of the vertebral artery relative to the suboccipital triangle as an anatomical marker for a safe far lateral approach: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Sriamornrattanakul Kitiporn , Akharathammachote Nasaeng , Chonhenchob Areeporn , Mongkolratnan Atithep , Niljianskul Nattawut , Phoominaonin I-Sorn , Ariyaprakai Chanon , Wongsuriyanan Somkiat 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The third segment of the vertebral artery (V3) is vulnerable during far lateral and retrosigmoid approaches. Although the suboccipital triangle (SOT) is a useful anatomical landmark, the relationship between V3 and the muscles forming the triangle is not well-described. We aimed to demonstrate the relationship between the V3, surrounding muscles, and SOT in clinical cases.

Methods:
Operative videos of patients with the vertebral artery (VA) and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms treated with occipital artery-PICA bypass through the far lateral approach were examined. Videos from January 2015 to October 2021 were retrospectively reviewed to determine anatomy of the V3 and the SOT.

Results:
Fourteen patients were included in this study. The ipsilateral V3 was identified without injury in all patients using the bipolar cutting technique. The lateral 68.2% of the horizontal V3 segment, including the V3 bulge, was covered by the inferomedial part of the superior oblique muscle (SO). The medial 23.9% was covered by the inferolateral part of the rectus capitis posterior major muscle. The inferomedial part of the horizontal V3 segment is located within the SOT.

Conclusion:
Most of the V3, including the V3 bulge, were located beneath the SO and the inferomedial part of V3 located within the SOT. Elevation of the SO should be performed carefully using the bipolar cutting technique to avoid injury to the V3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the V3 relative to the SOT in the clinical setting.
Spinal arachnoiditis and syringomyelia: Review of literature with emphasis on postinfectious inflammation and treatment
Authors: Nadeem Syed Faisal , Baig Ahmer Nasir , Tariq Qurat ul Ain , Shamim Muhammad Shahzad 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Arachnoiditis refers to chronic inflammation of the arachnoid mater and subarachnoid space due to three major etiologies: chemical, mechanical, and postinfectious. As a rare disease with variable symptomatology and severity at presentation, arachnoiditis can be extremely debilitating with many complications, prominent among which is syringomyelia.

Methods:
We reviewed current literature concerning postinfectious spinal arachnoiditis and associated syringomyelia with emphasis on the treatment options that have been used to date and discuss their respective benefits and drawbacks.

Results:
It is critical to understand the natural history and potential complications of patient with postinfectious arachnoiditis. Surgical and medical treatments both have their own merits and demerits. Different surgical approaches have been employed with variable success rates.

Conclusion:
At present, no consensus exists regarding management of these patients due to the variable nature of the disease that affects treatment efficacy; however, surgical intervention in selected cases may be beneficial.
Acute ischemic stroke secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt dysfunction in a child with Moyamoya syndrome
Authors: Vitulli Francesca , Spennato Pietro , Cicala Domenico , Mirone Giuseppe , Scala Maria Rosaria , Cinalli Giuseppe 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Patients with brain vascular disease and hydrocephalus may be predisposed to acute ischemic stroke in case of shunt dysfunction and subsequent increased intracranial pression. Patients with brain tumor may develop hydrocephalus as a consequence of obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways and radiation-induced moyamoya syndrome secondary (RIMS) to radiotherapy (RT).

Case Description:
A 15-year-old male patient, affected by hydrocephalus and RIMS, presented acute cerebral ischemia after an episode of shunt malfunction. The shunt was promptly revised and the areas of ischemia visible at magnetic resonance imaging significantly decreased.

Conclusion:
Children who receive RT for brain tumor, particularly if the circle of Willis region is involved, require close surveillance for the development of vasculopathy and consequent stroke. This surveillance must be even tighter if the patient has been treated with ventricular shunt for the possible synergistic interaction between the two causes on reducing cerebral perfusion and increasing the risk of acute ischemic events.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF METHODS OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF THE THREADED PART OF DRILL PIPES
Authors: Бобров А.Л. , Бехер С.А. , Шляхтенков С.П. 
Published: July 2022

Бурильные трубы подвергаются в процессе работы нестабильным динамическим нагрузкам и своевременное эффективное выявление развивающихся усталостных трещин является необходимой задачей предотвращения экономических потерь. Работа посвящена сравнительным испытаниям неразрушающими методами контроля бурильных труб в процессе их эксплуатации. В статье приведены результаты неразрушающего контроля наиболее подверженной дефектообразованию резьбовой части бурильных труб для строительных работ. Контроль проводили ультразвуковым, вихретоковым, магнитопорошковым и капиллярным методами. При обсуждении результатов контроля установлено, что наиболее эффективным методом для обнаружения усталостных трещин на ранних стадиях их развития является магнитопорошковый метод, так как этим методом выявляются трещины на наиболее ранних стадиях их развития. Развитые трещины (глубиной более 2 мм) обнаруживаются всеми использованными методами. По результатам исследований предложен двухэтапная система периодического диагностирования резьбовой части бурильных труб, когда на ранней стадии обнаруживаются усталостные трещины магнитопорошковым методом за развитием которых наблюдают другими методами неразрушающего контроля.
Drill pipes are exposed to unstable dynamic loads during operation, and timely and effective detection of developing fatigue cracks is a necessary task to prevent economic losses. The work is devoted to comparative testing by non-destructive methods of control of drill pipes during their operation. The article presents the results of non-destructive testing of the most susceptible to defect formation of the threaded part of drill pipes for construction work. The control was carried out by ultrasonic, eddy current, magnetic particle and capillary methods. When discussing the test results, it was found that the most effective method for detecting fatigue cracks at the early stages of their development is the magnetic particle method, since this method detects cracks at the earliest stages of their development. Developed cracks, which more than 2 mm deep, are detected by all methods used. Based on the results of the research, a two-stage system for periodic diagnosing of the threaded part of drill pipes is proposed, when fatigue cracks are detected at an early stage by the magnetic particle method, the development of which is monitored by other methods of non-destructive testing.
Zasada proporcjonalności a prawo administracyjne – zagadnienia wybrane
Authors: Duniewska Zofia 
Published: July 2022

Przedmiot badań: Przedmiotem badań jest zasada proporcjonalności – współmierności środka i celu – i jej doniosłość w obszarze prawa administracyjnego. Jest to najrozleglejsza gałąź prawa. Przepisy tego prawa ingerują nieustannie w życie wspólnot społecznych i jednostek. Prawo administracyjne ma pełnić funkcję publiczną ukierunkowaną na dobro wspólne właściwie wyważone z innymi prawnie chronionymi dobrami. Jego regulacje mają m.in. przeciwdziałać antynomii i konfliktom interesów przy zastosowaniu optymalnych środków prawnych do osiągnięcia celu prawa.
Cel badawczy: Celem opracowania jest ukazanie źródeł, pojęcia, istoty i znaczenia wielowymiarowej zasady proporcjonalności oraz zestawienie jej z rolą i z cechami prawa administracyjnego. W artykule podjęto próbę wskazania sytuacji i przyczyn potwierdzających, że współmierność środka prawnego do osiągnięcia wyznaczonego prawnie celu nabiera szczególnego znaczenia w przepisach prawa administracyjnego regulujących zwłaszcza status prawny jednostek.
Metoda badawcza: W artykule wykorzystano głównie metodę teoretyczno-prawną i dogmatyczno-prawną. Uwzględniono dorobek doktryny i judykatury.
Wyniki: Przeprowadzona analiza potwierdziła duże znaczenie zasady proporcjonalności w prawie administracyjnym. Wynika to zwłaszcza ze specyfiki tego prawa. Prawo administracyjne i zasada proporcjonalności mają służyć jednostkom i chronić je przed arbitralnością i nadmierną ingerencją władzy publicznej. Nakaz przestrzegania zasady proporcjonalności wynika wprost z przepisów prawa bądź też jest z nich wyprowadzany. Poszanowanie tej zasady jest jednym z warunków stworzenia regulacji prawnej adekwatnej do potrzeb społecznych, służącej dobru i słuszności. Jej respektowanie wpływa też na wzrost autorytetu prawa oraz pogłębianie zaufania do jego przepisów.
Podręcznik na czasy kryzysu. O dwóch wydaniach Prawa rzymskiego Kazimierza Kolańczyka po 1975 roku
Authors: Nancka Grzegorz 
Published: July 2022

Przedmiot badań: Kwestia nauczania prawa rzymskiego w powojennej Polsce należy do zagadnień dość złożonych. Ważną datą jest rok 1975, kiedy w życie weszła reforma studiów prawniczych wtłaczająca prawo rzymskie w ramy nowo powstałego przedmiotu historia prawa. Zbiegło się to z kolejnymi edycjami podręcznika autorstwa poznańskiego profesora Kazimierza Kolańczyka.
Cel badawczy: Celem badań jest analiza okoliczności związanych z powstaniem drugiego i trzeciego wydania podręcznika Prawo rzymskie autorstwa Kazimierza Kolańczyka. Podstawę dla analizy stanowiły materiały archiwalne związane z tworzeniem kolejnych edycji pracy. W artykule starano się wskazać, jakie założenia chciał zrealizować autor pracy, a także jakie postulaty stawiane były przez odbiorców dzieła. Celem opracowania jest również odniesienie się do znaczenia kolejnych wydań podręcznika wobec dokonanej wówczas reformy studiów prawniczych.
Metoda badawcza: W artykule wykorzystano metodę historyczno-prawną.
Wyniki: Podręcznik Kazimierza Kolańczyka w drugim wydaniu zawierał modyfikacje i ulepszenia niezwykle dokładnie przemyślane przez autora opracowania. Dzięki temu praca stała się nie tylko nieco dłuższa, ale i jeszcze bardziej przystępna dla czytelnika. Trzecie wydanie nie zawierało znaczących różnic względem wydania drugiego. Ogłoszenie obu wydań było jednak niezwykle istotne w kontekście reformy studiów prawniczych, w tym także przywrócenia właściwego miejsca prawa rzymskiego w kanonie studiów prawniczych
Education Care Community as Solution for Education Inequality in West Sumatera within Post-Covid Times
Authors: Zani Nindya Raihan , Rahayu Selvia 
Published: July 2022

Acquiring an education is one of the Human Rights manifestations. Through education, someone can develop themselves to live a better life. Nowadays, the development of education in Indonesia is unequally distributed. The circumstances where students in urban are easier to access education than students in rural who have difficulty accessing education still exist. Furthermore, education inequality is exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic that changed the education system towards e-learning. It required students to quickly adapt to these conditions, although they are not ready to deal with them. West Sumatra is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has been implemented e-learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It causes educational inequality. Indirectly, the COVID-19 pandemic has divided students into several social classes due to their ability to access e-learning. Even though, education is a fundamental right for all human beings. This research dissected West Sumatra as the object of research. This aims to determine the extent of educational inequality that occurred in West Sumatra due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was uncovered by the concept of Marxism to articulate the educational inequality in West Sumatra during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research provides solutions based on the concept of capacity building, namely the establishment of The Education Care Community as a facilitator for students along West Sumatra to access education easily in the post-COVID times. This is done to realize equality of education for all students.
PERAN KOLABORASI SISTER CITY AS-JERMAN DALAM MEMBANGUN CLIMATE RESILIENCE
Authors: Yanottami Nagari , Livia Diva , Kurniawati Dyah Estu 
Published: July 2022

Fenomena yang disebut “paradiplomacy” ini digunakan untuk mempercepat pelibatan kerjasama internasional dengan memberikan akses yang lebih besar di samping pemerintah Negara. Oleh karena itu, negara tidak lagi menjadi satu-satunya aktor, tetapi aktor lokal mulai mengambil alih dan berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan hubungan internasional untuk kepentingan aktor masing-masing. Konsep Sister City atau Twinning atau sering juga disebut kota kembar, merupakan kerjasama antar kota, yang secara formal disepakati dan mengikat sebagai sister city jangka panjang. Dalam konsep ini, isu apapun bisa menjadi tema kerjasama, termasuk isu lingkungan dan bencana. Perdebatan besar tentang paradiplomasi dalam studi IR muncul di sekolah Realis dan Konstruktivisme. Artikel ini mengkaji perspektif lain dalam hubungan internasional, yaitu Paradiplomacy dan Sister city, serta keterkaitan antara konsep-konsep kunci tersebut dengan meninjau artikel-artikel yang telah ditulis sebelumnya. Artikel ini dibagi menjadi beberapa bagian. Pertama, pengenalan bagaimana isu perubahan iklim dan konsep sister city di perkotaan dapat menjadi alternatif tindakan adaptasi dan mitigasi. Kemudian metodologi dan sumber data yang digunakan dalam makalah ini dijelaskan. Selanjutnya temuan-temuan tersebut akan dibahas dengan mengacu pada latar belakang teori. Terakhir, makalah ini menjabarkan beberapa kesimpulan dan implikasi kebijakan untuk peran sister city di AS-Jerman agar menjadi kota yang tahan dan tangguh dalam menghadapi risiko perubahan iklim.
Kata Kunci: paradiplomasi; kota kembar; perubahan lingkungan