bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of recessive c.430G>A (p.(Gly144Arg)) thyroid peroxidase variant with primary congenital hypothyroidism in cats
Authors: Van Poucke Mario , Van Renterghem Emilie , Peterson Mark E. , van den Berg Marit F. , Stock Emmelie , Peelman Luc J. , Daminet Sylvie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a rare endocrine disorder in cats with a largely unknown genetic cause.ObjectivesDescribe the clinical presentation of CH in 11 affected cats and identify the causal genetic variant.AnimalsEleven CH‐cats from 10 unrelated families, 11 CH‐free family members, 21 unrelated CH‐free cats, and 155 unrelated nondiagnosed cats from different breeds.MethodsCase control study of CH‐cats and their siblings (2019‐2021). Diagnosis was based on low to low‐normal serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations, high thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations and clinical signs compatible with CH. We identified the causal variant using Sanger sequencing, genotyping via PCR‐RFLP and variant interpretation using ACMG/AMP guidelines.ResultsAll CH‐cats (5 weeks‐8 years) had disproportionate dwarfism. A goiter was not palpable in all. Thyroid scintigraphy with radiopertechnetate showed abnormally high uptake by thyroid glands, whereas scintigraphy with radioiodine showed abnormally low uptake, compatible with a defect in iodine organification by thyroid peroxidase (TPO). All cases were homozygous for TPO variant XM_006930524.4:c.430G>A(p.(Gly144Arg)), while none of the CH‐free cats were. All sampled parents were heterozygous for this recessive variant. This variant was found in 15 cat breeds with an estimated allele frequency of 9%.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDisproportionate dwarfism, abnormally high TSH and abnormally low to low‐normal T4 concentrations are diagnostic for CH in cats. All cases had dyshormonogenesis demonstrated by thyroid scintigraphy. This novel TPO missense variant (not described in humans) causes CH in cats and awareness of it can assist in diagnosis and breeding.
Compassion or Corruption? Temporalities of Care and Nationhood in Papua New Guinean Nursing Education
Authors: Andersen Barbara A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNurse educators in Papua New Guinea (PNG) must prepare students for often demoralizing working conditions. This article analyzes classroom and practical lessons in a PNG Highlands nursing college. A variety of pedagogical practices, including role plays and other simulation technologies, were used to socialize students to imagine patients’ relatives while making clinical decisions, and to contemplate their own relatives and ancestors in reflecting on their moral commitments to health care. Such practices generate a mode of medical citizenship shaped by a regime of biocommunicability in which Christianity and education are thought to transform one's capacity to detach from the emotional appeals of kin. These pedagogies link the individual subjectivities of health workers to a persistent, though fragile, vision of the nation in which transgenerational, urban–rural kinship is a synecdoche for nationhood (and its deferral), despite professional counternarratives that cast these kinship ties as a slippery slope toward “corruption.” [medical citizenship, temporalities of care, nursing simulation, nationhood, Papua New Guinea]
Care experiences of older people with mental health needs and their families in emergency medical services settings
Authors: Goode Deborah , Ryan Assumpta , Melby Vidar , Slater Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are challenges to person‐centred care provision in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) settings. The environment is often busy and noisy which can influence the experience of older people and their carer/partners when they attend emergency departments. Older people with mental health needs are a vulnerable group of people who are at risk of not having their needs met in acute care settings. This is due to complex presentations and increased pressures on the EMS system.AimThe aim of the paper was to explore the care experience of older people with mental health needs and their carer/partners in pre‐hospital and in‐hospital Emergency Medical Services settings.MethodThis study used an interpretive qualitative approach incorporating in‐depth, individual interviews to gather information on the experience of the older person with mental health needs and carers/partners. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis.ResultsFifteen individual interviews were carried out with older people with mental health needs (n = 10) and with carers/partners (n = 5). Six themes on ‘Getting there, getting in and getting out’, ‘Seeing the person’, ‘Perceptions and experiences of the pre‐hospital and Emergency Department (ED)’, ‘The effects of the experience on personal well‐being’, ‘Older person/carer/partner perceptions and experiences of the EMS staff’ and ‘Making it better’ emerged from the data.ConclusionsThe results suggest that previous experiences with the emergency care system influence the way older people with mental health needs and their carers make decisions on current and future care needs. Negative experiences can be influenced by the layout and organisation of the ED. Participants remain reluctant to discuss or disclose their diagnosis in the Emergency Medical Services setting due to a perceived stigma. Health and social care systems and services need to undergo transformations to ensure that all people who access services are treated fairly and effectively.
Deep origin of the crossed‐lamellar microstructure in early Cambrian molluscs
Authors: Li Luoyang , Skovsted Christian B. , Topper Timothy P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAragonitic crossed‐lamellar (CL) is one of the most commonly formed and extensively studied molluscan shell microstructures, yet its origin and early evolution within the Mollusca remains poorly understood. Here, a primitive CL microstructure from one of the oldest gastropods, Pelagiella madianensis, and the problematic hyolith Cupitheca sp. of the Cambrian Series 2 Xinji Formation on the North China Platform, was investigated. In P. madianensis, detailed characterization has revealed a typical four‐ordered hierarchical organization of aragonitic crystallites, and a thick layer of organic membranes surrounding its first‐order lamellae. A transitional fibrous microstructure was observed between the outer CL and inner foliated aragonite structural layers. In Cupitheca sp., only the first and second‐order lamellae were visible due to preservation limitations, and the first‐order lamellae were extremely irregular in shape and size, which is consistent with modern representatives. This study demonstrates that the capability to construct highly‐mineralized intricate shells was acquired in early Cambrian stem‐group gastropods. The CL microstructure first emerged in the early Cambrian and as a basal synapomorphic trait in total‐group molluscs. Moreover, presence of the CL microstructure in problematic lophotrochozoans (i.e. hyoliths) is confirmed. This study contributes to a more complete picture of the evolutionary origin and architectural diversity of biomineralized mollusc shells during the Cambrian explosion, and strengthens the phylogenetic links between hyoliths and molluscs.
Comparative transcriptome analysis during tuberous stem formation in Kohlrabi (B. oleracea var. gongylodes) at early growth periods (seedling stages)
Authors: Nuruzzaman Md , Sato Masato , Okamoto Satoru , Hoque Mozammel , Shea Daniel J. , Fujimoto Ryo , Shimizu Motoki , Fukai Eigo , Okazaki Keiichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTuberous stem of kohlrabi is an important agronomic trait, however, the molecular basis of tuberization is poorly understood. To elucidate the tuberization mechanism, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis between kohlrabi and broccoli at 10 and 20 days after germination (DAG) as tuberous stem initiated between these time points. A total of 5580 and 2866 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified between genotypes (kohlrabi vs. broccoli) and growth stages (10 DAG vs. 20 DAG), respectively, and most of the DETs were down‐regulated in kohlrabi. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that the DETs between genotypes are involved in cell wall loosening and expansion, cell cycle and division, carbohydrate metabolism, hormone transport, hormone signal transduction and in several transcription factors. The DETs identified in those categories may directly/indirectly relate to the initiation and development of tuberous stem in kohlrabi. In addition, the expression pattern of the hormone synthesis related DETs coincided with the endogenous IAA, IAAsp, GA, ABA, and tZ profiles in kohlrabi and broccoli seedlings, that were revealed in our phytohormone analysis. This is the first report on comparative transcriptome analysis for tuberous stem formation in kohlrabi at early growth periods. The resulting data could provide significant insights into the molecular mechanism underlying tuberous stem development in kohlrabi as well as in other tuberous organ forming crops.
A Model-Based Approach to Predict Employee Compensation Components
Authors: Erciulescu Andreea L. , Opsomer Jean D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe demand for official statistics at fine levels is motivating researchers to explore estimation methods that extend beyond the traditional survey-based estimation. For this work, the challenge originated with the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, who conducts the National Compensation Survey to collect compensation data from a nationwide sample of establishments. The objective is to obtain predictions of the wage and non-wage components of compensation for a large number of employment domains defined by detailed job characteristics. Survey estimates are only available for a small subset of these domains. To address the objective, we developed a bivariate hierarchical Bayes model that jointly predicts the wage and non-wage compensation components for a large number of employment domains defined by detailed job characteristics. We also discuss solutions to some practical challenges encountered in implementing small area estimation methods in large-scale settings, including methods for defining the prediction space, for constructing and selecting the information that serves as model input, and for obtaining stable survey variance and covariance estimates.
Phylogeography of mangrove pit vipers (Viperidae, Trimeresurus erythrurus‐purpureomaculatus complex)
Authors: Chan Kin Onn , Sind Law Ing , Thong Law Ingg , Ananthanarayanan Sankar , Rasu Shivaram , Aowphol Anchalee , Rujirawan Attapol , Anuar Shahrul , Mulcahy Daniel , Grismer Jesse L. , Grismer L. Lee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present the first multilocus molecular phylogeny focused on mangrove pit vipers of the Trimeresurus erythrurus‐purpureomaculatus complex based on novel topotypic material and expanded geographic sampling. Previously inferred paraphyly of T. purpureomaculatus was resolved and our results demonstrate distinct phylogeographic patterns that are latitudinally stratified and consistent with isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐environment. A clear genetic break is detected at the Isthmus of Kra biogeographic divide and niche overlap among major genetic clades is limited. The association between colour polymorphisms and phylogeographic structure suggests that contemporary or historical introgression between T. erythrurus and T. purpureomaculatus could have occurred. This study provides a clear roadmap to guide future genomic research to improve our understanding of this charismatic, yet poorly studied group of snakes.
Development of an Open-Source Autonomous Computational Fluid Dynamics Meta-Modeling Environment for Small-Scale Combustor Optimization
Authors: Briones Alejandro M. , Rankin Brent A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work presents an open-source autonomous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) metamodeling environment (OpenACME) for small-scale combustor design optimization in a deterministic and continuous design space. OpenACME couples several object-oriented programing open-source codes for conjugate-heat transfer, steady-state, multiphase incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes CFD-assisted engineering design metamodeling. There are fifteen design variables. Nonparametric rank regression (NPRR), global sensitivity analyses (GSA), and single-objective (SOO) optimization strategies are evaluated. The Euclidean distance (single-objective criterion) between a design point and the utopic point is based on the multi-objective criteria: combustion efficiency (η) maximization and pattern factor (PF), critical liner area factor (Acritical ), and total pressure loss (TPL) minimization. The SOO approach conducts Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) for reacting flow CFD for subsequent local constraint optimization by linear interpolation. The local optimization successfully improves the initial design condition. The SOO approach is useful for guiding the design and development of future gas turbine combustors. NPRR and GSA indicate that there are no leading-order design variables controlling η, pattern factor (PF), Acritical , and TPL. Therefore, interactions between design variables control these output metrics because the output design space is inherently nonsmooth and nonlinear. In summary, OpenACME is developed and demonstrated to be a viable tool for combustor design metamodeling and optimization studies.
Assessment of Student Learning Through Reflection on Doing Using the Latent Dirichlet Algorithm
Authors: Sun Yanwei , Ming Zhenjun , Ball Zachary , Peng Shan , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCan we provide evidence-based guidance to instructors to improve the delivery of the course based on students’ reflection on doing? Over three years at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA, we have collected about 18,000 Take-aways from almost 400 students who participated in an undergraduate design, build, and test course. In this paper, we illustrate the efficacy of using the Latent Dirichlet Algorithm to respond to the question posed above. We describe a method to analyze the Take-aways using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm to extract topics from the Take-away data and then relate the extracted topics to instructors’ expectations using text similarity. The advantage of the LDA algorithm is anchored in that it provides a means for summarizing large amount of take-away data into several key topics so that instructors can eliminate the labor-intensive evaluation of it. By connecting and comparing what students learned (embodied in Take-aways) and what instructors expected the students to learn (embodied in stated Principles of Engineering Design), we provide evidence-based guidance to instructors on how to improve the delivery of AME4163: Principles of Engineering Design. Our objective in this paper is to introduce a method for quantifying text data to facilitate an instructor to modify the content and delivery of the next version of the course. The proposed method can be extended to other courses patterned after AME4163 to generate similar data sets covering student learning and instructor expectations, and the LDA algorithm can be used for dealing with the large amount of textual data embodied in students’ Take-aways.
Multiphysics Design Optimization via Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Kazemi Hesaneh , Seepersad Carolyn C. , Alicia Kim H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work presents a method for generating concept designs for coupled multiphysics problems by employing generative adversarial networks (GANs). Since the optimal designs of multiphysics problems often contain a combination of features that can be found in the single-physics solutions, we investigate the feasibility of learning the optimal design from the single-physics solutions, to produce concept designs for problems that are governed by a combination of these single physics. We employ GANs to produce optimal topologies similar to the results of level set topology optimization (LSTO) by finding a mapping between the sensitivity fields of specific boundary conditions, and the optimal topologies. To find this mapping, we perform image-to-image translation GAN training with a combination of structural, heat conduction, and a relatively smaller number of coupled structural and heat conduction data. We observe that the predicted topologies using GAN for coupled multiphysics problems are very similar to those generated by level set topology optimization, which can then be used as the concept designs for further detailed design. We show that using a combination of multiple single-physics data in the training improves the prediction of GAN for multiphysics problems. We provide several examples to demonstrate this.
Solution of Neutron Diffusion Problems by Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method With Consideration of Discontinuity Factors
Authors: Wanai Li , Helin Gong , Chunyu Zhang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeutronics calculations are the basis of reactor analysis and design. Finite element methods (FEM) have gained increasing attention in solving neutron transport problems for the rigorous mathematical formulation and the flexibility of handling complex geometric domains and boundary conditions. In order to reduce the computational errors caused by the homogenization of cross sections, this paper adopts the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DG-FEM) to solve the generalized eigenvalue problem formulated by the neutron diffusion theory and compensates the homogenization error by incorporating discontinuity factors. The results show that the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method can introduce the discontinuity factors with clear mathematical and physical meanings. The computational results of the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method are slightly better than those of the continuous Galerkin finite element method. However, the computation cost of the former is higher than that of the latter. Although good parallel efficiency can be achieved, the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method is not preferable for large-scale problems unless the effect of the discontinuity factors is significant.
Effects of Sideslip Direction on a Rear Fuselage Boundary Layer Ingesting Fan
Authors: Castillo Pardo Alejandro , Hall Cesare A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Boundary layer ingestion (BLI) offers potential reductions in fuel burn and emissions. The propulsive fuselage concept features an aft fan that ingests the 360 deg fuselage boundary layer. A critical condition for this configuration occurs when a sideslip angle arises between the aircraft longitudinal axis and the freestream velocity. The sideslip flow in combination with the airframe generates inlet distortion that depends on the sideslip direction. In particular, the sideslip increases flow into the windward side of the intake and reduces the flow on the opposite side, leading to either co-swirl or counter-swirl at the fan face. This article investigates the effect of sideslip direction on the aerodynamics of an aft BLI fan. Experimental measurements have been taken in a low-speed fan rig with representative total pressure and swirl distortion. These tests have been complemented by full-annulus unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations to understand the impact of sideslip on the rotor and outlet guide vane flow fields. The results show that positive sideslip (sideslip that produces counter-swirl) increases the fan work and incidence, but the additional losses are relatively small. However, negative sideslip results in lower loading, negative incidence, and greater losses. The stage loading was 28% higher and the stage efficiency was 1.65% higher for positive versus negative sideslip. The positive sideslip case was also found to lose some operating range, equivalent to 2% of nozzle area. Overall, the fan design tolerates the sideslip distortion well and demonstrates the importance of the coupling of both swirl and total pressure distortion with the fan aerodynamics.
A Tale of Two Brands: Examining Elite Female Athletes’ Branding and Self-Presentation Strategies Over Time
Authors: Harris Hailey A. , Brison Natasha T. 
Published: August 2022

Branding and self-presentation strategies on text and visual platforms have been explored in a variety of ways such as gendered analyses and content analyses performed on the social media profiles of athletes at multiple levels of sport. The purpose of this study was to examine branding and self-presentation strategies of two highly visible professional female soccer players (i.e., Alex Morgan and Megan Rapinoe) over two different time periods: 2019 and 2020. Results show that branding and presentation strategies can shift over the course of an athlete’s career. Implications from this study include adjusting brand strategies for clients over time, using other athletes’ strategies as their own framework, and promoting brand authenticity in accordance with their daily lives.
Physiology and Performance Prospects of a Women’s Sub-4-Minute Mile
Authors: Cheuvront Samuel N. 
Published: August 2022

When will women run a sub-4-minute mile? The answer seems to be a distant future given how women’s progress has plateaued in the mile, or its better studied metric placeholder, the 1500 m. When commonly accepted energetics principles of running, along with useful field validation equations of the same, are applied to probe the physiology underpinning the 10 all-time best women’s mile performances, insights gained may help explain the present 12.34-second shortfall. Insights also afford estimates of how realistic improvements in the metabolic cost of running could shrink the difference and bring the women’s world record closer to the fabled 4-minute mark. As with men in the early 1950s, this might stir greater interest, excitement, participation, and depth in the women’s mile, the present absence of which likely contributes to more pessimistic mathematical modeling forecasts. The purpose of this invited commentary is to provide a succinct, theoretical, but intuitive explanation for how women might get closer to their own watershed moment in the mile.