bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life Histories Interviews for the Study of Political Participation
Authors: Bosi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abstract: Life history interviews allow to investigate political participation diachronically, as a long-lasting social activity articulated through the different phases of a life trajectory and forms of engagement. What characterizes the study of political participation through this qualitative methodological tool is, above all, an emphasis on agency, contextualization, and transformation. This chapter introduces the epistemological assumptions of the life history interviews (social–constructionist and symbolic–interpretative), how they have been applied to investigate political participation, in particular from scholars studying unconventional forms of political participation, and identifies the steps for conducting these with activists (planning interviews, selection, preparing a guideline and conducting the interview, transcribing and analyzing). It concludes by highlighting a possible way forwards for the study of political participation by adopting life history interviews.
Civic Engagement
Authors: Ekman Joakim , Amnå Erik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abstract: The chapter focuses specifically on civic engagement as a distinct mode of political activity among citizens in contemporary democracies. In the first section, we review existing definitions of “civic engagement” in the literature, noting in particular the lack of common notions of what it entails, as well as the critique against too wide or all-encompassing definitions. In the second section, we develop a conceptual discussion about civic engagement and political participation, and suggest a thin notion of civic engagement that may be measured in a straightforward way in empirical studies. In the third section, we turn to an overview of recent empirical works on civic engagement and democracy, highlighting key findings and suggesting avenues for further research.
Bridging Electoral and Nonelectoral Political Participation
Authors: Borbáth Endre , Hutter Swen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter examines political participation by citizens who bridge electoral and nonelectoral action forms. While often studied separately, we argue for integrating our understanding of political participation across the two main arenas of mass politics: the electoral and protest arena. We review the scholarly literature, focusing on individual-level drivers and the mobilization context of political participation. We argue that individual-level characteristics do not sufficiently explain variation in the extent of arena bridging. Analyzing voting and attending demonstrations on the individual level in Europe shows that nonelectoral, protest participation complements electoral participation. However, on the macro level, their co-evolution depends on political context conditions and strategies of political parties and social movements. Importantly, the link tends to be closer in moments of crisis and profound cleavage transformation. We back up the literature review with illustrative empirical results about the interplay between electoral and nonelectoral participation based on mass surveys and protest-event analysis.
Political Participation and the Economy
Authors: King Brayden G. , Carberry Edward J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Economic conditions are both the object and the cause of political participation. This chapter explores how changes in the economy—especially worsening economic conditions and growing income inequality —shape both the propensity for individuals to mobilize around political issues as well as the forms of political participation, such as anti-corporate campaigns. We draw on research from three perspectives (institutional embeddedness, strain and breakdown theory, and threat and competition theories) to discuss the intertwining of economic conditions and individuals’ participation in politics. We also highlight research demonstrating that political participation extends beyond the boundaries of institutional politics to include economic targets as well, as people seek to redress economic and environmental grievances.
Class and Educational Inequality in Electoral Participation
Authors: Evans Geoffrey , Hepplewhite Matthew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers the role of class and education in political participation. It focuses on one particular form of participation, namely voting. It describes how recent decades have witnessed growing class-based and education-based differentials in turnout in the West. It examines the dominant theoretical perspective for turnout—resource theory—before moving from such individual-based explanations to the supply side, that is, what political parties offer and whether their policies and personnel match what voters want. As well as considering cross-national evidence, it incorporates a case study of British non-voting patterns and party developments. It shows that Labour, the traditional party of the working class and the least educated, no longer adequately represents this section of society, in terms of policy, appeals, or personnel, with an accompanying pronounced decline in working-class participation. It is likely similar trends and consequences can be observed elsewhere. The chapter ends with a call to rebalance the study of social inequalities in participation to emphasize supply as well as demand.
Bridging Cognitive and Affective Explanations of Political Participation
Authors: Nai Alessandro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates two sets of individual drivers of political participation: cognitive attitudes (knowledge, interest, efficacy) and emotions. Bringing together separate strands of research in cognitive and political psychology literature, the chapter first discusses the importance of cognition and emotion as drivers of participation and voting. Special attention is granted to their interplay—most notably, the fact that emotions should be expected to have a more fundamental role in participation at higher levels of cognitive attitudes. On top of this direct effect, the chapter then discusses the importance of cognition and emotions to mediate the effects of (exposure to) political information. Most notably, focusing on the example of dark political communication (negativity, incivility), the chapter discusses recent evidence illustrating that exposure to such information shapes emotions and cognition, which then in turn drive participation.
Sociology and Political Participation
Authors: Mayer Nonna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the specific contribution of sociology to the understanding of institutional and extra-institutional forms of political participation. Sociology assumes that all human actions have a social logic, even the most personal, and that political socialization starts in non-political settings—family, workplace, church, associations. The chapter shows how resources linked to social position on the one hand, social interactions and networks on the other, shape the level and modes of political action. It replaces the individuals in the various groups they belong to, that forge their identity and sense of belonging. It uncovers the social roots of political inequality. The first two sections briefly present the sociological paradigms explaining voting and protest. A third section outlines the shifting patterns of political participation in the turbulent twenty-first century, leading to a need to reconsider the classical explanatory models. The conclusion explores avenues for future research.
Micro-Level Effects of Political Participation
Authors: Roth Silke , Saunders Clare 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Varieties of political participation have different micro-effects or biographical consequences for those engaging in political action. Gender, class, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and other markers of difference matter for involvement in political participation and thus also for its consequences. This means that an intersectional perspective is needed to understand the micro-effects or biographical consequences of political participation. In addition, it is important to be mindful to distinguish effects from correlations. We begin this chapter by discussing the concept of “biographical consequences.” We then apply it to different forms of political participation such as voting, protesting and online activism. Subsequently we discuss the impact of political participation on activists’ lives, including employment and family. Our chapter considers burnout as well as professionalization and the sustainability of political participation in the life-course. We close with identifying gaps and needs for further research.
Costly Abstention
Authors: Aytaç S. Erdem , Stokes Susan C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of costly abstention as a driver of mass political participation. The key idea behind costly abstention is the recognition that just as participation in politics is costly, abstention can be costly as well. The costs of abstention are incurred when an individual suffers an intrinsic and psychic tension, or dissonance, upon failing (or anticipating failing) to take part in collective action. It is the interplay between the costs of participation and costs of abstention that determines an individual’s likelihood to participate in collective political action, such as voting and protesting. Costly abstention helps explain real-world patterns in electoral turnout and protest participation that are difficult to make sense of from the perspective of prevailing theoretical approaches.
Dialogic Talk During Collaborative Learning
Authors: Gillies Robyn M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the role of dialogic talk in classrooms and its capacity to promote students’ engagement, problem-solving, and learning. Understanding the role of dialogic talk in promoting student thinking and learning is critically important if teachers are to use this information to create environments where students feel supported, able to contest others’ ideas, consider alternative proposals, and integrate experiences with new knowledge and understandings. Collaborative learning experiences need to be intellectually challenging, provide opportunities for students to cooperate and constructively discuss challenging topics, integrate past experiences with new knowledge and understandings, and help students to learn how to monitor and regulate their own learning. The teacher’s role during these exchanges is to mediate the rules of discourse by steering, encouraging, and refereeing students’ discussions to help them understand the relationship between the language they use in different situations and the behaviors expected. This may include challenging children’s reasons and explanations, or paraphrasing students’ attempts to articulate their thoughts as they guide them to think more deeply about issues under discussion. Ensuring that students have access to the linguistic tools or ways of talking that are needed to enable them to participate in these dialogic exchanges is critically important if they are to reap the benefits widely attributed to this approach to learning and teaching. This chapter discusses three different types of linguistic tools that teachers can utilize to promote dialogic exchanges, understanding, and learning.
Quantizing a multi-pronged open string junction
Authors: Asano Masako , Kato Mitsuhiro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Covariant quantization of a multi-pronged open bosonic string junction is studied beyond static analysis. Its excited states are described by a set of ordinary bosons as well as some sets of twisted bosons on the worldsheet. The system is characterized by a certain large algebra of twisted type that includes a single Virasoro algebra as a subalgebra. By properly defining the physical states, one can show that there are no ghosts in the Hilbert space.
An Instrumental Variable Approach to Dynamic Models
Authors: Berry Steven T , Compiani Giovanni 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a new class of methods for identification and inference in dynamic models with serially correlated unobservables, which typically imply that state variables are econometrically endogenous. In the context of Industrial Organization, these state variables often reflect econometrically endogenous market structure. We propose the use of Generalized Instrument Variables methods to identify those dynamic policy functions that are consistent with instrumental variable (IV) restrictions. Extending popular “two-step” methods, these policy functions then identify a set of structural parameters that are consistent with the dynamic model, the IV restrictions and the data. We provide computed illustrations to both single-agent and oligopoly examples. We also present a simple empirical analysis that, among other things, supports the counterfactual study of an environmental policy entailing an increase in sunk costs.
Are Self-disorders in Schizophrenia Expressive of a Unifying Disturbance of Subjectivity: A Factor Analytic Approach
Authors: Nordgaard Julie , Berge Jonas , Rasmussen Andreas Rosén , Sandsten Karl Erik , Zandersen Maja , Parnas Josef 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The idea that a disorder of the basic self is a central feature in schizophrenia has recently been corroborated in a meta-analysis and a systematic review. Manifestations of the self-disorder can be systematically explored with the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE). In this study, we examined the factorial structure of EASE, and diagnostic efficacy of EASE. We hypothesized that EASE will have a monofactorial structure as an instability of the basic self will result in multiple deformations of self-experience which would be meaningfully interrelated as aspects of a unifying Gestalt.

Design
EASE data for 226 patients suffering from various mental disorders were analyzed under a confirmatory factor analysis framework (CFA). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated for the total EASE sums, and sensitivity and specificity values for prediction of schizophrenia spectrum disorders based on different cut-offs were obtained.

Results
Fit indices for the CFA model: RMSEA = 0.036, SRMR = 0.100, CFI = 0.983, TLI = 0.981. The AUC value was 0.946 (95% confidence interval: 0.919–0.974). Sensitivity as well as specificity for schizophrenia spectrum disorders were high.

Conclusion
Our results lend support for EASE exhibiting a monofactorial structure and the notion of self-disorders as a central phenotypic feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Impact of fruit and vegetable benefits on pregnancy outcomes among WIC participants: a natural experiment
Authors: Wang Guangyi , Seligman Hilary , Levi Ronli , Hamad Rita 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Proper nutrition is critical for maternal and neonatal health. In January 2017, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in San Francisco, California, began providing an additional $40 per month in fruit and vegetable (F&V) benefits to pregnant clients with the goal of improving food security and nutrition-related outcomes. We evaluated whether pregnant women on WIC who received this additional F&V benefit exhibited better perinatal and birth outcomes compared with those who received standard WIC benefits. We used 2010–2019 birth certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics. The intervention group consisted of WIC participants living in San Francisco (SF) County (intervention county) and whose first trimester started after January 2017. We used a quasi-experimental synthetic control method to compare trends between the intervention and control groups (a weighted sample of other California counties that did not distribute additional F&V benefits). Outcomes included low birth weight, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age, gestational diabetes, and gestational weight gain. No significant differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes among WIC recipients in SF and synthetic control group were observed after the F&V benefits were distributed. Prior studies have shown that additional F&V benefits have positive effects on maternal and infant outcomes, indicating that F&V vouchers are a promising strategy for supporting equitable health outcomes. Our null results suggest that more rigorous research is needed to determine their optimal dose and duration, especially in high-cost-of-living areas, and to examine more upstream and structural interventions.
Synchronous occurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumor, pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Case report
Authors: Hou Qiaoru , Zhang Wenjun , Niu Jiazeng , Tian Minghua , Liu Jie , Cui Linyang , Li Yingming 
Published: September 2022

Rationale:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common primary mesenchymal tumors in gastrointestinal tract. Synchronous occurrence of GIST and tumors in other organs is rare. We first report an exceedingly rare case of synchronous occurrence of gastric GIST, pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Patient concerns:
A 70-year-old male presented to our hospital because of abdominal pain and dyspepsia. Tumor markers and liver function were abnormal. Abdomen computed tomography showed concurrent tumors in stomach, pancreas, and liver.

Diagnosis:
Pathology confirmed synchronous occurrence of gastric GIST, pancreatic IPMN and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Interventions:
Mass excision, partly gastrectomy, wedge resection of VIII liver segments, and pancreatic-oduodenectomy were performed.

Outcomes:
During the 18-month follow-up, both laboratory tests and computed tomography examination revealed no sign of recurrence or metastasis. Currently, the patient is free of clinical symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, jaundice, and fever.

Conclusion:
As yet, no cases simultaneously with gastric GIST, pancreatic IPMN and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma have been described in literatures. This report increases the knowledge to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed therapy for coexistence of the described 3 types of neoplasm.
Assessment of health-related quality of life in patients with adult onset Still disease: Results from a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Ruscitti Piero , Rozza Gelsomina , Di Muzio Claudia , Biaggi Alice , Iacono Daniela , Pantano Ilenia , Iagnocco Annamaria , Giacomelli Roberto , Cipriani Paola , Ciccia Francesco 
Published: September 2022

We aimed to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Adult onset Still disease (AOSD) patients, a rare systemic auto-inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology usually affecting young adults.
In this multicentre cross-sectional study, AOSD patients and age and gender matched healthy controls (HCs) were included. All patients had a low or absent clinical expressiveness, they were categorized as having a monocyclic pattern or a chronic disease course. The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), European Quality of Life Questionnaire (EUROQoL), 36-Items Short-Form Healthy Survey (SF-36), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue subscale (FACIT-F), 100 mm-visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, fatigue, and global health assessment, were used to evaluate HRQoL. The results were compared between patients and HCs, analyzed according to clinical course, and correlated with clinical features at the time of diagnosis.
HRQoL resulted to be altered in 53 AOSD patients compared to 53 age and gender matched HCs. Many SF-36 domains differed between the 2 groups, mainly those of physical functioning which were reduced in AOSD respect to HCs. Furthermore, HAQ, FACIT-F, EuroQoL, VAS state of health, VAS pain, and VAS fatigue significantly differed between AOSD and HCs. No substantial differences were found comparing monocyclic pattern with chronic disease course.
AOSD patients showed an impairment of many SF-36 domains, HAQ, FACIT-F, EuroQoL, VAS state of health, VAS pain, and VAS fatigue when compared to matched HCs, despite a low or absent clinical expressiveness; these findings were similarly retrieved in both monocyclic pattern and chronic disease course.
A ferroptosis-associated lncRNAs signature predicts the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Dengchuan , Zhang Limei , Zhang YingJie , Zhang Yonggang , Xu Shi 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mounting evidence shows that lncRNAs can be used as prognostic biomarkers of HCC. Here, we developed a multi-lncRNA prognostic signature comprising ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in HCC.

Methods:
Gene expression data and clinical information of HCC were obtained from the TCGA dataset. Differentially expressed genes of ferroptosis (DE-Ferrs) were screened. Correlation analysis was carried between lncRNAs and DE-Ferrs to identify ferroptosis-related lncRNAs. lncRNAs associated with prognosis and ferroptosis were identified using Univariate Cox analysis. Data from a TCGA dataset were randomly grouped into training and verification sets. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method analysis was carried out to identify lncRNAs with prognostic value. These lncRNAs were used to construct a prognostic signature using the training set. The signature was validated in the verification set.

Results:
A total of 90 DE-Ferrs-related lncRNAs were identified which were significantly correlated with HCC prognosis. Seven lncRNAs were used to construct a 7-lncRNA signature. The area under the curves for 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 0.748, 0.681, and 0.659 in the training set, and 0.791, 0.731, and 0.815 in the validation set, respectively. The results demonstrated that a high-risk score was significantly associated with a high tumor grade, high infiltration of macrophages and fibroblasts in the tumor, and high expression of m6A methylation regulatory factors. A nomogram was constructed using the risk score and clinical features for predicting the prognosis of HCC. The nomogram showed high prediction accuracy.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the established 7 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs signature can accurately predict HCC prognosis.
Communication, information, and knowledge in the pandemic by COVID-19 in Brazil
Authors: Campolino Luana Moura , Bernardes João Marcos , Alonso Melissa Spröesser , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Ruiz-Frutos Carlos , Domínguez-Salas Sara , Días Adriano 
Published: September 2022

As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is asserting itself as a health crisis, it is necessary to assess the knowledge and perceptions of people about the disease. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of the general population about COVID-19 and how the media influence this knowledge.
This is a cross-sectional study with 5066 participants who answered an online questionnaire between April and May 2020. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models.
Over 75% have obtained a high degree of knowledge regarding signs, symptoms, and transmission, 95% stated to check the veracity of the information received, and also showed that the total knowledge about COVID-19 was associated with the level of instruction, with the perception of the quality of information disseminated by the media, and with the risk perception.
Despite the high level of knowledge of participants, the results pointed to the need to reinforce information for individuals with less education and the importance of avoiding denialism that reduces the risk perception about COVID-19.