bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis glycolipoprotein LprG inhibits inflammation through NF‐κB signaling of ERK1/2 and JNK in LPS‐induced murine macrophage cells
Authors: Abekura Fukushi , Park Junyoung , Lim Hakseong , Kim Hee‐Do , Choi Hyunju , Lee Moon‐Jo , Kim Cheorl‐Ho 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMycobacterium tuberoculosis (Mtb) is a contagious pathogen that causes human tuberculosis (TB). TB is a major global health threat that causes 9.6 million illnesses and 1.5 million deaths per year. Recent studies have suggested Mtb‐secreted proteins as new candidates for therapeutic drugs and vaccines. LprG is a Mtb‐secreted surface glycolipoprotein encoded by lprG (Rv1411c), which forms an operon with Rv1410c, where Rv1410c encodes P55, an efflux pump membrane protein. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have reported on the target‐binding activity, cell envelope biosynthesis, and mycobacterial virulence of LprG. However, the anti‐inflammatory effect of LprG in macrophages has not yet been investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that LprG can suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation in a macrophage model. LprG inhibited LPS‐stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production. LprG also suppressed expression of inducible cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the transcriptional and protein levels. In addition, LprG decreased mRNA expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Furthermore, LprG attenuated nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) translocation and IκB phosphorylation. Moreover, LprG specifically inhibited phosphorylated kinases such as c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (p‐JNK) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (p‐ERK1/2), but not p‐p38. Taken together, these results suggest that LprG inhibits LPS‐stimulated inflammation via downregulation of NO, COX‐2, iNOS, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines through the NF‐κB, AP‐1, and MAPK signaling pathways. The present study will aid in the development of anti‐inflammatory medications using Mtb. The organism, which has long been regarded as a human pathogenic or human health‐threating agent, can be utilized as a future medical resource.
The greener, the happier? The effects of greenspace on residents' happiness in contemporary urban China
Authors: He Guangye , He Li , Zhang Boyang , Ge Ting , Chen Yunsong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, research has begun to touch upon the associations between the natural environment and individuals' subjective wellbeing; however, whether such associations would vary among different groups of people remains under‐studied. Using four waves (2010–2013) of data from the Chinese General Social Survey, we investigate the group‐specific correlation between environment—specifically, greenspace exposure—and individuals' happiness in contemporary urban China. For this study, the normalized difference vegetation index at the county level is a proxy for greenspace exposure. The results from the ordered logit model indicate that county‐level green vegetation is associated with individuals' happiness level, but such effects vary with a household's relative deprivation. While greenspace exposure is positively associated with happiness among individuals from less deprived families, it is negatively associated with happiness among those from deprived households. These findings contribute to the body of knowledge of the heterogeneous effect of greenspace on residents' subjective well‐being.
Improving trainee clinical documentation through a novel curriculum in internal medicine
Authors: Weber Danielle E. , Held Justin D. , Jandarov Roman A. , Kelleher Matthew , Kinnear Benjamin , Sall Dana R. , O'Toole Jennifer K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical documentation is a key component of practice. Trainees rarely receive formal training in documentation or assessment of their documentation. Effective methods of improving documentation remain unknown.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine if the implementation of a documentation curriculum led to improvement in admission note quality.DesignsAdmission notes written prior to implementation of the curriculum and after the curriculum intervention were assessed. Notes were assessed from two‐time frames for both years to account for improvement with time not associated with the intervention.Settings and ParticipantsAdmission notes written by University of Cincinnati interns were assessed.InterventionsThe documentation curriculum consisted of educational sessions and routine admission note assessments with feedback.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAdmission notes were assessed via the 16 checklist items and two global assessment items of the Admission Note Assessment Tool (ANAT).ResultsSix ANAT items showed statistically significant differences. The review of systems item improved with the intervention only (odds ratio: 3.61, p < .001) while the assessment and plan item 1 and global assessment item 2 improved with time only (β = .08, p = .03 and β = .25, p = .02, respectively) in univariate models. In univariate models the physical exam item, diagnostic data item 2, and global assessment item 1 showed improvement with both intervention and time, respectively, with additive effects seen in models with both intervention and time.ConclusionSeveral aspects of documentation can improve with a formal documentation curriculum which includes a routine assessment with feedback, and some aspects of documentation improve with time.
Lymphadenopathy post‐COVID‐19 vaccination with increased FDG uptake may be falsely attributed to oncological disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Bshesh Khalifa , Khan Wafa , Vattoth Ahamed Lazim , Janjua Emmad , Nauman Areej , Almasri Muna , Mohamed Ali Ateeque , Ramadorai Vinutha , Mushannen Beshr , AlSubaie Mai , Mohammed Ibrahim , Hammoud Mais , Paul Pradipta , Alkaabi Haya , Haji Aliyaa , Laws Sa'ad , Zakaria Dalia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has caused a global pandemic that continues to cause numerous deaths to date. Four vaccines have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as of July 2021 to prevent the transmission of COVID‐19: Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Janssen. These vaccines have shown great efficacy and safety profile. One side effect that has been widely reported is post‐COVID‐19 vaccination lymphadenopathy. Due to the mimicry of the lymphadenopathy for metastases in some oncologic patients, there have been reports of patients who underwent biopsies that showed pathologic confirmation of benign reactive lymphadenopathy secondary to the COVID‐19 vaccine. Therefore, understanding the incidence of lymphadenopathy post‐COVID‐19 vaccinations will help guide radiologists and oncologists in their management of patients, both present oncologic patients, and patients with concerns over their newly presenting lymphadenopathy. A systematic literature search was performed using several databases to identify relevant studies that reported lymphadenopathy post‐COVID‐19 vaccination. Our results revealed that several cases have been detected in patients undergoing follow‐up fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron emission tomography‐computerized tomography scans where lymph nodes ipsilateral to the vaccine injection site show increased uptake of FDG. Thus, knowledge of the incidence of lymphadenopathy may help avoid unnecessary biopsies, interventions, and changes in management for patients, especially oncologic patients who are at risk for malignancies.
Oxidative stress status and vitamin D levels of asymptomatic to mild symptomatic COVID‐19 infections during the third trimester of pregnancy: A retrospective study in Metz, France
Authors: Schmitt Guillaume , Labdouni Sary , Soulimani Rachid , Delamare Catherine , Bouayed Jaouad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is believed that the subtle equilibrium between tolerance and immunity during the unique biological state of pregnancy, which is characterized by further physiological and hormonal changes, rends pregnant women more vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). In this retrospective study, confirmed COVID‐19‐positive pregnant women (n = 15) during their third trimester, comprising asymptomatic (n = 7) and mild symptomatic (n = 8), and healthy pregnant controls (n = 20), were enrolled between June 1, 2020 and June 1, 2021 from the Hospital CHR Metz‐Thionville in Metz, France. Vitamin D concentrations, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and oxidative stress markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione levels, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the total antioxidant capacity, measured the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), were evaluated in the serum of patients and controls. Results showed that all pregnant women (patients and controls) enrolled in this study were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/ml). However, mild COVID‐19 pregnant women were severely vitamin D deficient (<12 ng/ml), which may suggest a link between vitamin D deficiency and the symptomatology of COVID‐19 illness in singleton pregnancy. No differences between the levels of CRP and the majority of the studied oxidative stress markers in COVID‐19‐positive pregnant women (asymptomatic and/or mildly symptomatic patients) versus COVID‐19‐negative pregnant women were found, suggesting the absence or a low magnitude of oxidative stress in pregnant women with COVID‐19. This may also explain the absence of severe courses of COVID‐19 infection. More studies are warranted to investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation and antioxidant‐rich diets in the prevention against severe forms of COVID‐19 in pregnant women.
Performance and responsiveness to change of PROMIS UE in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Pines Yaniv , Gordon Dan , Alben Matthew , Kwon Young W. , Zuckerman Joseph D. , Virk Mandeep S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Upper Extremity Computer Adaptive Test (PROMIS UE CAT) is a newer patient‐reported outcome measure for upper extremity physical function. To date, no longitudinal study exists assessing PROMIS UE CAT responsiveness in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study is to report PROMIS UE CAT responsiveness to change and correlation to legacy instruments in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Ninety‐six patients (97 shoulders) undergoing TSA completed the PROMIS UE, Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and after 6 months. Spearman's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated between PROMIS UE and other scores at each time‐point. Responsiveness to change was assessed using the effect size (Cohen's d) and standardized response mean compared with the preoperative time‐point. Floor and ceiling effects were also assessed. PROMIS UE CAT demonstrated positive responsiveness at all time‐points after TSA. It demonstrated excellent correlation (range: 0.68–0.84) with ASES, SST, and OSS at all postoperative time‐points, but the correlation was weaker (r < 0.6, except OSS) preoperatively. Only OSS and SST showed ceiling effects at the 6–12‐month time‐point (16.8% and 18.2%, respectively). PROMIS UE CAT responsiveness to change and strength of correlation with legacy instruments improves with time elapsed after TSA. Further quantification of meaningful responsiveness to change will require estimation of the minimal clinically important difference and substantial clinical benefit for PROMIS UE CAT.
From webs, loops, shunts, and pumps to microbial multitasking: Evolving concepts of marine microbial ecology, the mixoplankton paradigm, and implications for a future ocean
Authors: Glibert Patricia M. , Mitra Aditee 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEmerging knowledge of mixoplankton—ubiquitous microbes that employ phototrophy and phagotrophy synergistically in one cell—reshapes our knowledge of the flow of materials and energy, with wide‐reaching impacts on marine productivity, biodiversity, and sustainability. Conceptual models of microbial interactions have evolved from food‐chains, where carbon‐fixing phytoplankton are conceived as being grazed solely by zooplankton that, in turn, support fisheries and higher trophic levels, to microbial webs, loops, and shunts, as knowledge about abundance, activity, and roles of marine microbial organisms—as well as the complexity of their interactions—has increased. In a future world, plankton that depend on a single strategy for acquiring nutrition (photo‐autotrophy or phago‐heterotrophy) may be disadvantaged with increasing temperatures and ocean acidification impacting vital rates, thermal stratification decreasing water column nutrient exchange, and anthropogenic pollution shifting amounts, forms, and proportions of nutrients. These conditions can lead to stoichiometric imbalances that may promote mixoplanktonic species with an increasing likelihood of harmful blooms. Such changes in plankton species composition alters the interconnectivity of oceanic microbes with direct consequences on biogeochemical cycling, trophic dynamics, and ecosystem services. Here, the implications of the mixoplankton paradigm relative to traditional concepts of microbial oceanography in a globally‐changing, anthropogenically‐impacted world are explored.
Nonvolatile Reconfigurable Electromagnetically Induced Transparency with Terahertz Chalcogenide Metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Kuan , Chen Xieyu , Lian Meng , Jia Jingyuan , Su Ying , Ren Haonan , Zhang Shoujun , Xu Yihan , Chen Jiajia , Tian Zhen , Cao Tun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetasurface analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) provides a compact platform for generating a narrow‐band transmission window with very sharp spectral features. They hold promise for many appealing applications including ultrasensitive detectors, slow‐light devices, nonlinear optical devices etc. In particular, reconfigurable EIT metasurfaces are crucial for expanding the capability of light field control, which are promising for terahertz (THz) communications and optical networks. Yet, the investigation on reconfigurable EIT metasurfaces with nonvolatile operation remains scarce. Here, reversible switching of the metasurface‐induced transparency in the THz spectrum is experimentally realized. The reconfigurable response (reversible spectral shift) is obtained by integrating a nonvolatile chalcogenide phase change material, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST225) into the meta‐atoms. A giant reversible switching of EIT takes place under an excitation of nanosecond laser pulses, showing a reconfigurable group delay of the THz waves. The proposed reconfigurable THz metadevices may provide a new route for the ultrafast laser induced switching and reconfigurable slow‐light devices.
Assessment of the galvanic corrosion of bi‐metallic couple 7075‐T6‐aluminum alloy/microalloyed dual‐phase steel
Authors: Torres Vianey , Mayen‐Mondragon Rodrigo , Genesca Juan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of a galvanic coupling consisting of a 7075‐T6‐aluminum alloy and a low‐carbon low‐manganese microalloyed dual‐phase steel was studied in a 3% NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. Corrosion behavior of the individual materials was assessed from potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements conducted on the individual couple components. The corrosion rate of the individual samples was found to be seven times larger on the microalloyed steel than on the aluminum alloy. From a comparison of corrosion current densities, the galvanic couple was found to sustain a nonsignificant galvanic effect—the latter in contrast to what may be determined considering differences in their respective corrosion potentials. According to the applied mixed‐potential theory and the zero‐resistance‐ammeter measurements performed directly on the galvanic couple, the aluminum‐alloy acted as the anodic member of the galvanic couple. Such behavior was justified by kinetic parameters rather than thermodynamic ones, considering the favorable rate of the oxygen reduction reaction on the microalloyed steel surface.
Unmet Needs of Women Living with Parkinson's Disease: Gaps and Controversies
Authors: Subramanian Indu , Mathur Soania , Oosterbaan Annelien , Flanagan Richelle , Keener Adrienne M. , Moro Elena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPersonalized medicine considering sex, gender, and cultural context has become the vanguard of delivery of care. However, women's issues in Parkinson disease (PD), especially from a psychosocial standpoint, have been an overlooked field. The key research areas include women‐inclusive drug and device studies and genetic and hormonal considerations. Moreover, women with PD need to be educated and empowered on how to communicate their symptoms and needs, get engaged in research, get organized as a community, and support one another. Women with PD need tools to help track and convey their unique motor and nonmotor symptoms and psychological and social support needs. The management of PD needs to be customized to include the unique stages of women's lives, including menstrual cycles, pregnancy, perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause. Specific guidelines for the use of hormonal treatments and customized dopamine replacement dosing need to be developed. Women need guidance on culturally sensitive wellness and self‐care strategies that are customized for them. Basic core competencies in knowledge for all clinicians treating women with PD need to be established, including how to accurately diagnose, proactively identify, and treat the symptoms of PD in women and to ensure timely referral for specialty care, advanced therapies, and research studies. Caregivers and families need guidance on holistically supporting women with PD. The voices of women living with PD must be amplified to catalyze real change in this neglected field. This paper provides an overview of the current knowledge, gaps, and possible strategies to deal with the unmet needs of women living with PD with a focus on the clinical and psychosocial aspects. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Head CT dose reduction with organ‐based tube current modulation
Authors: Ota Joji , Yokota Hajime , Kobayashi Takenori , Ogata Yuki , Kubo Takumi , Chida Koichi , Masuda Yoshitada , Uno Takashi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundA helical head CT examination uses a pitch factor (PF) of <1.0, resulting in a part of the slice being directly irradiated twice. This raises the possibility of double irradiation, which may increase the amount of radiation to the lens. Organ‐based tube current modulation (OBTCM) is an effective method for reducing lens exposure because it reduces the dose to the anterior aspect of the patient. However, it is challenging to visualize the complex dose distribution when factoring in double irradiation.PurposeTo visualize twice‐irradiated areas in helical head CT in three dimensions and to clarify the exposure reduction effect of OBTCM.Material and methodsA leuco crystal violet (LCV) dosimeter was placed into an empty polyethylene terephthalate bottle 16.5 cm in diameter. Helical scans were performed without and with OBTCM using the following parameters: tube voltage 120 kV, tube current 600 mA, pitch factor 0.637, rotation time 0.5 s, 80 (detector rows) × 0.5 mm (detector collimation), and ten scans. Exposed areas were visualized using an optical computed tomography (OCT) system designed by our group. The dose reduction rate of OBTCM was defined as the ratio of the average values of the histogram with the dose value on the x‐axis and the frequency on the y‐axis without and with OBTCM at 90° to the anterior midline.ResultsThe LCV dosimeter visualized the spiral‐shaped twice‐irradiated areas. Double irradiation resulted in a dose of 2.19/1.90 and 1.38/1.19 Gy (15.0% and 15.9% increase) without and with OBTCM, respectively. The dose reduction using OBTCM was 29.6% at 90° anterolateral.ConclusionThe LCV dosimeter visualized the complex three‐dimensional irradiated areas and enabled dose measurement in twice‐irradiated areas. Increased exposure from double irradiation was attenuated by OBTCM.
Analytical solution for one‐dimensional steady‐state contaminant transport through a geomembrane layer (GMBL)/compacted clay layer (CCL)/attenuation layer (AL) composite liner considering consolidation
Authors: Yan Huaxiang , Xie Haijian , Ding Hao , Yang Dandi , Chen Cong , Chen Yunmin , Chen Yun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA composite liner system consisting of a geomembrane layer (GMBL), a compacted clay layer (CCL) and an attenuation layer (AL) is widely used in the modern landfills. The field and experimental observations highlight the potential detrimental effects on breakthrough of contaminants induced by consolidation of soil liner when a relatively high applied stress is caused by the waste placement. A one dimensional steady‐state model is developed to investigate the behaviour of contaminant transport in GMBL/CCL/AL composite liner system considering consolidation. Effects of the consolidation process on the transport of typical contaminants are investigated by the proposed analytical solution. The analytical results show that the magnitude of volume compressibility coefficient in the AL is important in controlling the overall magnitude of the consolidation induced effects. The process of consolidation shows a larger impact on the absorbable pollutants compared to the non‐absorbable pollutants. This may be due to the fact that the migration of solid particles induced by the consolidation may assist the transport of contaminant absorbed on them. The thickness of the AL shows large impacts on the bottom flux for the case with a high volume compressible coefficient. Increasing the thickness of AL from 1 to 3 m can results in a factor of 2.6 increase of the bottom flux. Increasing the thickness of the AL leads to a larger consolidation advection and a longer consolidation path, which may be the dominant mechanisms for contaminant transport compared to the diffusion process.
Effects of chemically functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles on the UV‐shielding characteristics of polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals
Authors: Wang Xiao , Hu Wei , Chen Hongren , Saeed Mohsin Hassan , Huang Junyi , Hu Junmei , Ren Yunxiao , Xu Jianjun , Zhang Lanying , Yu Meina , Zhang Haiquan , Yang Huai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, smart windows based on polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) composites have garnered enormous interest owing to their electrically switchable properties. However, the low UV‐shielding characteristics of these films limit their widespread application. Here, we reported novel PDLC composite films doped with functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance the UV‐shielding efficiency. The TiO2 NPs were chemically functionalized by 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that APTS functionalized TiO2 NPs tended to cluster in the polymer network instead of liquid crystal droplets, and MPTS functionalized TiO2 NPs were independently and uniformly dispersed in the polymer network. Particularly, optical studies showed that the TiO2(MPTS)/PDLC composite film can effectively shield 95.9% UV light at on‐state, and 99.16% at off‐state. Furthermore, compared to traditional PDLC film (without TiO2 NPs), the total response time of the TiO2(MPTS)/PDLC film is reduced from 60.4 to 13.4 ms, and the contrast ratio (CR) was increased by more than twofold from 35.6 to 97.26.