bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of models in the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Steinberg David M. , Balicer Ran D. , Benjamini Yoav , De-Leon Hilla , Gazit Doron , Rossman Hagai , Sprecher Eli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMathematical and statistical models have played an important role in the analysis of data from COVID-19. They are important for tracking the progress of the pandemic, for understanding its spread in the population, and perhaps most significantly for forecasting the future course of the pandemic and evaluating potential policy options. This article describes the types of models that were used by research teams in Israel, presents their assumptions and basic elements, and illustrates how they were used, and how they influenced decisions. The article grew out of a “modelists’ dialog” organized by the Israel National Institute for Health Policy Research with participation from some of the leaders in the local modeling effort.
Reciprocal migration: the coloniality of recent two-way migration links between Angola and Portugal
Authors: Augusto Asaf , Alves Elisa , King Russell , Malheiros Jorge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReciprocal migration—which we define as the mutual exchange of origin and destination by two different migrating groups—is hardly acknowledged in the migration literature. In terms of the temporalities of migration, which are usually seen as sequences or transitions, reciprocal migrations are simultaneous. We analyse the reciprocal migrations between Angola and Portugal over the time-frame of the past 10–15 years. In-depth interviews were carried out with Portuguese migrants in Angola, most of whom moved there in the wake of the post-2008 financial crisis, and with Angolan third-level students and recent graduates in Portugal. A key operational concept in our analysis is the plastic notion of skill and its differential racialisation. Portuguese migrants in Angola are automatically regarded as ‘skilled’ even when they are not, whereas Angolan students and graduates in Portugal, when they seek work, are often viewed as ‘unskilled African migrant workers’. We thus distinguish and deconstruct the geographical binary between transnational origin and destination spaces and the social binary between ‘skilled white bodies’ and ‘unskilled black bodies’. These racialised embodied tropes draw on histories of Portuguese colonisation and the contested notion of ‘Lusotropicalism’, as well as the so-called Lusophone migration system involving complex transnational relations and two-way migration flows. Theoretically we frame this asymmetrical system of reciprocal migration within a modified version of core–periphery relations, as well as the coloniality of power and its enduring influence over the racialisation of skill, education, culture and language across the Portuguese–Angolan transnational space.
Factors associated with mothers’ health care-seeking behaviours for childhood fever in Burkina Faso: findings from repeated cross-sectional household surveys
Authors: Badolo Hermann , Bado Aristide R. , Hien Hervé , Méda Nicolas , Susuman A. Sathiya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Fever is one of the most frequent reasons for paediatric consultations in Burkina Faso, but health care-seeking behaviours and the factors associated with health care-seeking in the event of childhood fever are poorly documented. This study aims to analyse the health care-seeking behaviours and the factors associated with health care-seeking for childhood fever in Burkina Faso.

Methods
This study used the data from the baseline and endline surveys conducted to evaluate the impact of the Performance-Based Financing program in Burkina Faso. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with appropriate healthcare-seeking for childhood fever. Odds ratios were estimated to assess the strength of associations and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for significance tests. Data were cleaned, coded and analysed using Stata software version 16.1.

Results
Among the children under five who had a fever, 75.19% and 79.76% sought appropriate health care in 2013 and 2017, respectively. Being 24–59 months old (AOR: 0.344, 95% CI 0.182–0.649 in 2013 and AOR: 0. 208, 95% CI 0.115–0.376 in 2017), living in a very wealthy household (AOR: 2.014, 95% CI 1.149–3.531 in 2013 and AOR: 2.165, 95% CI 1.223–3.834 in 2017), having a mother with a secondary or higher level of education or having made at least four antenatal care visits were significantly associated with seeking appropriate health care for childhood fever. Living in an area where the health facility is safe was also significantly associated with seeking appropriate care for childhood fevers.

Conclusions
The findings underscore the need to concentrate efforts aiming at sensitizing the population (especially women of childbearing age) to improve sanitation and the use of family planning (household composition), skilled antenatal care and postnatal care to help reduce the prevalence of fever in children under five and improve the use of medical healthcare for childhood fever.
Key factors to establish the ovalbumin-induced atopic dermatitis minipig model: age and body weight
Authors: Kim Young Kyu , Lee JuKyung , Kim Hyeon-Young , Kim Sung-Hwan , Hwang Jeong Ho , Suh Han Na 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Given its similar structure and immune response to the human skin, porcine is a good model for dermal studies. Here, we sensitized ovalbumin (Ova) on minipig back skin for 2–4 weeks to induce chronic atopic dermatitis (AD).

Results
Gross observation, serum cytokine level, epidermal thickness, and epidermal integrity did not change after 4 weeks of Ova induction compared with the control, indicating AD modeling failure. Only the neutrophils in the blood and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid changed slightly until 3 or 2 weeks after Ova sensitization, respectively. The successful and failed Ova-induced AD minipig models only differ in age and body weight of the minipigs. The minipigs, 12 months old with a 30-kg median weight, had a two-fold thicker dermis than minipigs 8–10 months old, with an 18.97-kg median weight, resulting in impaired Ova permeability and immune response.

Conclusion
Age and body weight are key factors that should be considered when developing an Ova-induced AD minipig model.
Methylphenidate for prison inmates with ADHD: yes or no?
Authors: Cortese Samuele 
Published: October 2022

SummaryIn a double-blind randomised controlled trial by Asherson et al., involving prisoners with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the rates of response to osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-methylphenidate) and placebo were very similar (~50%). I critically discuss this trial against other international literature, highlighting the key issues in the field in terms of clinical practice and research.
Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Approach Leveraging Real-World Clinical Narratives as a Predictor of Survival in Advanced Cancer
Authors: Lin Frank Po-Yen , Salih Osama S.M. , Scott Nina , Jameson Michael B. , Epstein Richard J. 
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE Predicting short-term mortality in patients with advanced cancer remains challenging. Whether digitalized clinical text can be used to build models to enhance survival prediction in this population is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a single-centered retrospective cohort study in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clinical correspondence authored by oncologists at the first patient encounter was extracted from the electronic medical records. Machine learning (ML) models were trained using narratives from the derivation cohort, before being tested on a temporal validation cohort at the same site. Performance was benchmarked against Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS), comparing ML models alone (comparison 1) or in combination with PS (comparison 2), assessed by areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for predicting vital status at 11 time points from 2 to 52 weeks. RESULTS ML models were built on the derivation cohort (4,791 patients from 2001 to April 2017) and tested on the validation cohort of 726 patients (May 2017-June 2019). In 441 patients (61%) where clinical narratives were available and PS was documented, ML models outperformed the predictivity of PS (mean AUC improvement, 0.039, P < .001, comparison 1). Inclusion of both clinical text and PS in ML models resulted in further improvement in prediction accuracy over PS with a mean AUC improvement of 0.050 ( P < .001, comparison 2); the AUC was > 0.80 at all assessed time points for models incorporating clinical text. Exploratory analysis of oncologist's narratives revealed recurring descriptors correlating with survival, including referral patterns, mobility, physical functions, and concomitant medications. CONCLUSION Applying ML to oncologists' narratives with or without including patient's PS significantly improved survival prediction to 12 months, suggesting the utility of clinical text in building prognostic support tools.
Germline Testing and Somatic Tumor Testing forBRCA1/2Pathogenic Variants in Ovarian Cancer: What Is the Optimal Sequence of Testing?
Authors: Kwon Janice S. , Tinker Anna V. , Santos Jennifer , Compton Katie , Sun Sophie , Schrader Kasmintan A. , Karsan Aly 
Published: October 2022

PURPOSEIn 2020, ASCO recommended that all women with epithelial ovarian cancer have germline testing for BRCA1/2 mutations, and those without a germline pathogenic variant (PV) should have somatic tumor testing to determine eligibility for a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. Consequently, the majority of patients with ovarian cancer will have both germline testing and somatic testing. An alternate strategy is tumor testing first and then germline testing if there is a PV in the tumor and/or significant family history. The objective was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the two testing strategies.METHODSThe Markov model compared the costs (US dollars) and benefits of two testing strategies for newly diagnosed ovarian cancer: (1) ASCO strategy and (2) tumor testing triage for germline testing. Data were applied from SOLO-1, and costs were from wholesale acquisition prices, Medicare, and published sources. Sensitivity analyses accounted for uncertainty around various parameters. Monte Carlo simulation estimated the number tested and identified with germline and somatic BRCA PV for olaparib maintenance treatment annually in the US population.RESULTSThe ASCO strategy was more effective but more costly than tumor testing triage in identifying patients for olaparib, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $281,296 US dollars per progression-free life year gained. Assuming 10,000 eligible patients with ovarian cancer annually, Monte Carlo simulation yielded comparable numbers of patients with BRCA PV in the germline and tumor with the ASCO and tumor testing triage strategies (2,080 v 2,062, respectively), but substantially higher number of patients tested using the ASCO strategy (8,052 v 3,076).CONCLUSIONThe ASCO strategy may identify more BRCA PVs but is not cost-effective. Tumor testing in epithelial ovarian cancer as triage for germline testing is the favored strategy in this health care system.
Insidious Concern
Authors: Elster Mikey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article examines media that couches criticism of trans medicine, pediatrics, and activism in terms of “care” or “concern” for trans people and youth in particular. It identifies these as “insidious concerns,” speech acts, utterances, and proclamations that would harm that which they claim to care for or about. It proceeds to argue that this type of discourse is endemic to a wider crisis of social reproduction exacerbated by neoliberal economic restructuring. Through historical contextualization, cultural analysis, and ethnography, this article highlights the racist, nationalist, and reactionary undercurrents motivating the current trans panic in the United States. It concludes that theoretical attention to social reproduction might offer new insights for trans studies that can act as counterdiscourse to “insidious concern.”
Trends in authorship demographics for manuscripts published in endocrine journals - A 70-year analysis
Authors: Jain Arpit , Madan Hritik , Singh Kamaldeep , Agarwal Yash , Midha Bharat , Gulati Shreya , Batra Priyanka , Batra Ankur , Chaturvedi Salil , Teja Kolli Shiny , Reddy Bejugam Vishal , Kim Hyesung , Jain Priyanshu , Arora Ipsa , Prabhu Madhav , Arya Shreyas , Chugh Yashasvi , Piplani Shobhit 
Published: October 2022

Background: Over the previous few decades, trends in author demographics have significantly changed. Such trends have already been studied for many sub-specialties but endocrinology is among the few branches that are yet to see an analysis of such trends. This paper aims to fill this gap. Methods: Journal of Endocrinology and General & Comparative Endocrinology are two landmark journals that publish articles from around the world. Each decade during the 70-year period from 1961 to 2021 has been examined in this study. Funding source, first author – senior author gender, their demographics and proportion of papers with at least one female author were the parameters considered while studying each publication. It was predicted that the number of female authors per paper would increase with time, as would the range of degrees held by the authors, demographical variations in authorship, and the funding source. The aim was also to determine the distribution of female first authors and senior authors in endocrinology journals over a 70-year period, as well as to check the gender combinations using the Punnett square. Results: Female first authors rose from 7% to 29.6% (p<0.0006) between 1961 and 2021, whereas female senior authors rose from 15.6% to 22.2%. Despite women's small contributions to first and senior authors, female participation rose from 17.48% (25/143) to 70% (170/250) between 1961 and 2021. Male-Female and Female-Male combinations rose with Chi-Square = 124.6, (p<0.0001). Europe and the Americas had the most female academic medical contributors (p<0.0001) Regardless of author status, female participation rose from 17.48% in 1961 to 68% in 2021. Conclusion: In papers published in endocrinology journals, there was a rising trend in female contributions to academic medicine. Even with the large growth of female endocrinologists, there is still a disparity in why the increase in female authors is comparably fewer.
Isolation and identification of fluoride sensitive and fluoride resistant Streptococcus mutans strains from dental carries of diabetic patients using conventional methods in Sudan.
Authors: M. Elhage Nuha , El Sanousi S.M. , Hassab Elrasul Rami Y , I.Elhag Wafa 
Published: October 2022

Background Dental caries also known as cavities are the most predominant disease today. Streptococcus mutans can form a biofilm on the tooth surface, produce high levels of lactic acid following fermentation of dietary sugars, and are resistant to the adverse effects of low pH, properties which are essential for oral micro biota. The aim of this study was to isolate S. mutans and characterize their antimicrobial properties against sodium fluoride. Fresh dental caries samples were collected from diabetic patients. The isolates were identified based on their acidogenic, biochemical test, and antimicrobial properties. Methods The socio-demographic data collected through a structure designated questionnaire and the biological data collected through sterile cotton swabs. For analysis of data, Statistical Package for Social Sciences software, version 23.0 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used. Results Only 32 of the 80 samples (40%) gave a positive growth for S. mutans on MSBA (mitis salivarius bacitracin agar). The sensitivity of the isolates against sodium fluoride was tested by preparing NaF of four different concentrations (80, 125, 250, and 500) mg\L. Fifty percent of isolates were found to be resistant to NaF at a concentration of 80 mg/L, while 28% were resistant to 125 mg/L NaF, 16% to 250 mg/L and 3% to 500mg/L NaF. The majority of the participants were aged between 51–60 years (33%), were female (54%), had type II diabetes mellitus (64%), and the duration of their diabetes was less than five years (35%). Conclusions By using the information in this study, we were able to discover strains of S. mutans that are resistant to fluoride. This study can be used as an essential key to study the genetic mutation that occurred.
Midterm results of chronic anterior instability of the sternoclavicular joint managed using a standardized treatment algorithm
Authors: Athanatos Lambros , Kulkarni Kunal , Tunnicliffe Helen , Samaras Michail , Singh Harvinder P. , Armstrong Alison L. 
Published: October 2022

Aims There remains a lack of consensus regarding the management of chronic anterior sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) instability. This study aimed to assess whether a standardized treatment algorithm (incorporating physiotherapy and surgery and based on the presence of trauma) could successfully guide management and reduce the number needing surgery. Methods Patients with chronic anterior SCJ instability managed between April 2007 and April 2019 with a standardized treatment algorithm were divided into non-traumatic (offered physiotherapy) and traumatic (offered surgery) groups and evaluated at discharge. Subsequently, midterm outcomes were assessed via a postal questionnaire with a subjective SCJ stability score, Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS, adapted for the SCJ), and pain visual analogue scale (VAS), with analysis on an intention-to-treat basis. Results A total of 47 patients (50 SCJs, three bilateral) responded for 75% return rate. Of these, 31 SCJs were treated with physiotherapy and 19 with surgery. Overall, 96% (48/50) achieved a stable SCJ, with 60% (30/50) achieving unrestricted function. In terms of outcomes, 82% (41/50) recorded good-to-excellent OSIS scores (84% (26/31) physiotherapy, 79% (15/19) surgery), and 76% (38/50) reported low pain VAS scores at final follow-up. Complications of the total surgical cohort included a 19% (5/27) revision rate, 11% (3/27) frozen shoulder, and 4% (1/27) scar sensitivity. Conclusion This is the largest midterm series reporting chronic anterior SCJ instability outcomes when managed according to a standardized treatment algorithm that emphasizes the importance of appropriate patient selection for either physiotherapy or surgery, based on a history of trauma. All but two patients achieved a stable SCJ, with stability maintained at a median of 70 months (11 to 116) for the physiotherapy group and 87 months (6 to 144) for the surgery group. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(10):815–825.
Getting it right first time: national survey of surgical site infection 2019
Authors: Gatfield SA , Atkinson KV , Fountain D , Machin JT , Navaratnam AV , Hutton M , Briggs TWR 
Published: October 2022

Introduction Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Deep SSI, or prosthetic joint infection (PJI), is associated with revision surgery involving longer operative times with higher infection rates, longer length of stay (LoS) and high costs in addition to the catastrophic effect on the patient. The surveillance of SSI is important for patient decision making, identification of outliers for support and maximising focussed improvement. This paper reports the findings of the second Getting it Right First Time (GIRFT) national SSI survey for orthopaedic and spinal surgery. Methods Data were submitted prospectively by 67 orthopaedic units and 22 spinal units between 1 May 2019 and 31 October 2019. For a patient to be included, they had to present with SSI within the study period and within 1 year of the index procedure. Results A total of 309 SSIs were reported from primary and revision, total hip, knee, shoulder, elbow and ankle replacements, and 58 SSIs were reported from lumbar spine single level discectomy or decompression, lumbar spine single-level instrumented posterior fusion, posterior cervical spine decompression and instrumented fusion and posterior correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. SSIs rates have remained low compared with the 2017 survey. There were variations in SSI rates by procedure, with primary shoulder replacement reporting the lowest (0.4%) and revision shoulder replacement the highest (2.5%) rates. Conclusions The authors recommend that the elective surgical restart following the COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity for all units to implement a full SSI prevention bundle to minimise the risk of infection and improve patient outcomes.
Diagnosing and treating leprosy in a non-endemic setting in a national centre, London, United Kingdom 1995–2018
Authors: Lockwood Diana N. , McIntosh Amy , Armstrong Margaret , Checkley Anna M. , Walker Stephen L. , McBride Angela 
Published: October 2022

Background
Leprosy is rare in the United Kingdom (UK), but migration from endemic countries results in new cases being diagnosed each year. We documented the clinical presentation of leprosy in a non-endemic setting.

Methods
Demographic and clinical data on all new cases of leprosy managed in the Leprosy Clinic at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London between 1995 and 2018 were analysed.

Results
157 individuals with a median age of 34 (range 13–85) years were included. 67.5% were male. Patients came from 34 different countries and most contracted leprosy before migrating to the UK. Eighty-two (51.6%) acquired the infection in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan. 30 patients (19.1%) acquired leprosy in Africa, including 11 from Nigeria. Seven patients were born in Europe; three acquired their leprosy infection in Africa, three in South East Asia, and one in Europe. The mean interval between arrival in the UK and symptom onset was 5.87 years (SD 10.33), the longest time to diagnosis was 20 years.
Borderline tuberculoid leprosy (n = 71, 42.0%), and lepromatous leprosy (n =, 53 33.1%) were the commonest Ridley Jopling types. Dermatologists were the specialists diagnosing leprosy most often. Individuals were treated with World Health Organization recommended drug regimens (rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine).

Conclusion
Leprosy is not a disease of travellers but develops after residence in an leprosy endemic area. The number of individuals from a leprosy endemic country reflect both the leprosy prevalence and the migration rates to the United Kingdom. There are challenges in diagnosing leprosy in non-endemic areas and clinicians need to recognise the symptoms and signs of leprosy.