bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Evaluation of Norfloxacin Ocular In-situ Gel
Authors: Vyas Urvashi , Gehalot Narendra , Jain Vikas , Mahajan S C 
Published: November 2022

The study aims to prepare and evaluate the in situ Norfloxacin gel for the treatment of Conjunctivitis. The pronounced fluctuations and repeated administration of conventional eye drops are the main disadvantages of ophthalmic drug delivery. The ocular in situ gelling system is designed to achieve a prolonged therapeutic effect by improving residence time at the application site. Infrared spectroscopy studies of Norfloxacin, Sodium alginate, Gellan gum, and HPMC K4M alone and their physical mixture revealed that Norfloxacin is compatible with all the polymers used. The Ophthalmic in situ gelling system of Norfloxacin was successfully formulated using different gelling agents viz. Sodium alginate, Gellan gum, and HPMC K4M are viscosity-enhancing agents. Prepared in situ gels were subjected to evaluation such as visual appearance, pH, and drug content. All formulations were found transparent and clear, the pH of the formulations was between 7.1 to 7.4, and drug content was found within 95-98% in all in situ gelling systems. All the formulations showed instantaneous gelation when contacted with simulated tear fluid. The viscosity of all formulations decreased as the shear rate increased, indicating the pseudoplastic fluid's character. In vitro release of Norfloxacin from the prepared formulations was studied for 6 hours. Results reveal that all formulations exhibited sustained release of the drug from the gelrite polymeric network over 6 hrs. The stability studies confirmed that in situ gelling formulations of Norfloxacin remained more stable at ambient temperature and humidity. The present work was a satisfactory preliminary study in developing in situ gelling systems of Norfloxacin.
Keywords: Conjunctivitis, Norfloxacin, in situ gel, Sodium alginate, sustained release.
Formulation and Evaluation of Extended Release Gastroretentive Tablets of Metroprolol Succinate
Authors: Varshi Reena , Jain Vikas , Pal Pradeep , Gehalot Narendra 
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to produce a gastroretentive floating tablet of Metoprolol succinate and examine the effects of release retardant on in vitro drug release. Metoprolol succinate is a β1 selective antagonist used as an Anti-hypertensive, Antiarrhythmic, and Anti Angina. Metoprolol succinate has 48% oral bioavailability due to limited absorption from the lower gastrointestinal tract. The Metoprolol succinate floating tablets were designed to increase stomach retention, prolong drug release, and enhance drug bioavailability. To shorten the floating lag time, hydrophilic polymers like Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M, K15M, and K100M), polyethylene oxide (PEO 303), and sodium bicarbonate as a gas-producing agent were incorporated into the formulation of the floating tablets. Different batches of Metoprolol succinate floating tablets were prepared by direct compression. All the formulations were evaluated for various quality control tests, such as weight variation, hardness, friability, swelling index, floating lag time, and total floating time. As a dissolution medium, 0.1 N HCl was used to conduct an in vitro release investigation on the tablets. The present study demonstrates the potential of the sustained-release floating tablets of Metoprolol succinate as an alternative to conventional formulations.
Keywords: Bioavailability, Floating tablet, antihypertensive drugs, extended release, Metoprolol succinate, Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
Profile of Phytochemicals and GCMS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Natural Dried-Seed Removed Ripened Pods Methanolic Extracts of Moringa oleifera
Authors: Suganandam K. , Jeevalatha A. , Kandeepan C. , Kavitha N. , Senthilkumar N. , Sutha S. , Seyed Mohamed Ali , Gandhi Sanyam , Ramya S. , Grace Lydial Pushpalatha G , Abraham GC. , Jayakumararaj R. 
Published: November 2022

Moringa oleifera has been reported to be the store-house of wide range of bioactive compounds. Most commonly used plant part has been the leaves which are reported to be rich in Vitamins, Carotenoids, Polyphenols, Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids Alkaloids, Glucosinolates, Isocyanides, Tannins and Saponins. Moringa leaves are used as Keerai while, green pods are commonly used as vegetable in the traditional preparation of Sambar in South-India. MO is gaining popularity because of its nutrient-rich root, leaves, flowers and fruits, having immense traditional medicinal uses and proved pharmacological properties. Not much of work has been carried out on analysis of bioactive compounds present in the pods. In the present study an attempt has been made to screen and analyze the range of bioactive compounds present in Moringa oleifera seed removed ripened natural dried pods. Phytochemical screening and GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 12 compounds namely - 7-Octadecyne, 2-methyl- (C19H36); 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (C20H40O); 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (C20H40O); 6,9,12,15-Docosatetraenoic acid, me (C23H38O2); Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)- (C10H20O); 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (C20H40O); Palmitic acid vinyl ester (C18H34O2); .gamma.-Tocopherol (C28H48O2); Vitamin E (C29H50O2); Cholesta-7,9(11)-dien-3-ol, 4,4-dim (C29H48O); gamma.-Sitosterol (C29H50O); Stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol, (3.beta.,24Z)- (C29H48O). Further, in-silico ADMET analysis is expected to provide in-death physiochemical and biomolecular details of these molecules in order to exploit them for production of novel drugs for the pharma market with wide array of bio medical applications.
Keywords: Bioactive Compounds; GCMS; Phytochemical Screening; MOPME; Plant Based Natural Products;
Phytochemical Screening, GC-MS and FTIR analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Costus igneus (CIMLE) as a Natural Source of Drug Lead Molecules for Next-generation Drug-design, Development and Therapeutics
Authors: Vijaya V. , Karunai Selvi B. , Arockia John Paul J. , Ramya S. , Jayakumararaj R. 
Published: November 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that affects people of all ages. Increased prevalence of diabetes worldwide has led to the development of synthetic drugs to provide an interim solution to the ill effects of the issue. However, such drugs, although effective as antihyperglycemic agents, are accompanied by significant side effects, costly, and inaccessible to majority of people in remote in underdeveloped countries. Local medicinal plants have been used by such indigenous people through ages to treat such complicate ailments due to their ease of availability and GRAS nature. As diabetes continues to become prevalent, health care practitioners are considering PBNPs as a potential source of antidiabetic drugs due to their high potency and fewer side effects. To better understand the mechanism of action of medicinal plants, their active phytoconstituents are being isolated and investigated thoroughly. Phytochemical screening followed by GCMS analysis of methanolic leaf extracts of Costus igneus depicted the presence of 19 bioactive compounds viz., Bicyclo [3.1.1]heptane, 2,6,6- trimethyl-; 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl-; phthalic acid; 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen- 1-ol; 5,9,13-Pentadecatrien-2-one, 6,10,14- trimethyl; 2(3H)-Furanone,dihydro-5-methyl-5- pentyl; Hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22- tetracosahexaen-1-yl]-6-methox.; Oxalic acid, cyclohexyl isohexyl ester; 6-Octadecenoic acid; Phytol; 4,8,12,16-Tetramethylheptadecan-4- olide; 5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole; Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; Adamantane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester; Benzopyran-6-ol,3,4-dihydro-; Benzoquinoline; gamma-Tocopherol; dimethyl-5,5'-diphenyl-1H,; 1H-benzo[b]furo[2,3-f]indole that may be ADMET predicted for potential biomedical application in the treatment of diabetics and long term complications associated with the disease.
Keywords: Costus igneus; CIMLE; GCMS; Phytochemical Screening; Antidiabetic Leads; NDDT; Antidiabetic Medicinal Plant
Ayurveda Review on Bandha Vidhi and Clinical Significance of Pichu, Plota, Kavalika and Vikeshika
Authors: Chovatia Shailesh N , Thumar Neha 
Published: November 2022

The Bandhan means bandaging and Acharya Sushruta has described various aspects of Bandhan. Ayurvedamentioned clinical significance of Bandhan, Sthana, Vidhiand Dravyafor Bandhan. The Bandhana gives Shodhan effect and keep wound cleanand improves process of healing. Bandha(bandage) gives steadiness in bones &provides compactness to the joints. Bandhana should be done according to the Kala and condition of disease& Ritu. Bandhana Vidhi utilizes Vranashodhana and Vranaropana drugs thus helps to cure cuts and wounds.Dressing material such as; Pichu, Plota and Kawalika, etc. offersearly healing and improves ability of body to regain physical ability. The Vrana Shodhana and Ropana properties help in the treatment of Vrana. Bandha Vidhisuch as Pichu, Plota, Kavalika and Vikeshika are simple and safe techniques with minimal invasion that can be used effectively for the management of infected wound /ulcer. Present article explores Ayurveda review on Bandha Vidhi and clinical significance of Pichu, Plota, Kavalika and Vikeshika.
Keywords: Ayurveda, BandhaVidhi, Pichu, Plota, Kavalika
Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Brucea javanica Fruit
Authors: Ifora Ifora , Abdillah Rahmad , Shyntia Ridum 
Published: November 2022

Objective: Inflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of many diseases, excessive inflammation increases immune cell activation, which can destroy tissues and body health. When inflammation occurs, multiple pro-inflammatory mediators are overproduced, leading to a variety of diseases such as rheumatism, diabetes, and cardiovascular problems. Brucea javanica has been used as traditional medicine as a therapy for anti-tumor, amebic dysentery, diarrhea, malaria, and intestinal inflammation. Therefore, in this study, we explored the effect of ethanol extract Brucea javanica Fruit on anti-inflammation activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and the COX-2 inhibitory effect in vivo.
Methods: In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extracts was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat paws edema method at doses of 50, 100, and 200mg/kg and further investigated the effect of Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory using ELISA readers.
Results: The ethanolic extract of Brucea javanica Fruit exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by oral intake of 50 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract and Brucea javanica inhibited rat paw edema by 50.91% significantly compared to Celecoxib by 58.52%. Moreover, Brucea javanica showed COX-2 inhibition by 16,40% compared to Celecoxib by 20,50%.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that Brucae javanica Fruit extracts have promising anti-inflammatory activity directed against COX-2 enzymatic activity.
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Brucea javanica, Malur, Buah Makasar, Cyclooxygenase.
Potential analgesic activity of the methanolic F4 fraction of leaf extracts of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae)
Authors: Dembele Ousmane , Haidara Mahamane , Ndong Awa , Barbosa Firmin , Sy Guata Yoro , Wélé Alassane 
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Pain management is provided by analgesics. While considerable progress has been made in recent years due to better knowledge of the pathophysiology and mechanism of pain, the search for new, more effective analgesics with fewer side effects remains relevant. Previous work carried out at the pharmacology laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology of UCAD (Senegal) had shown an anti-inflammatory activity of the ether extract, as well as that of the methanolic fraction and of ethyl acetate from Annona senegalensis leaves. This study concerns the fractionation of the total methanolic and ethyl acetate fractions by chromatography on a Sephadex column. A phytochemical characterization of the fractions obtained, followed by the study of the analgesic activity of the derivative fractions of the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts carried out in mice.
Methods: Sephadex gel fractionation yielded ten fractions. Characterization tests were carried out on the total extracts and the different derivatives fractions.
Results: Phytochemical characterization of the fractions revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols and triterpenes. The F4 and F'4 fractions, rich in sterols and triterpenes, significantly reduced the number of cramps at low doses (1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg).
Conclusion: The presence of sterols and triterpenes in the methanolic F4 fraction of the leaves of Annona senegalensis could be the cause of the analgesic activity of the plant.
Keywords: Annona senegalensis, phytochemistry, sterols and triterpenes, analgesic.
Immunotherapy: A New Revolutionary Treatment in Cancer
Authors: Bhasme Prajakta Shivaji , Sarukh Vikram Sadashiv , Sole Shital Digambar , Bhandari Aarti Sampatlal , Bhosale Vaishnavi Rajendra , Khandagale , Sandip Suresh 
Published: November 2022

Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that aids your immune system to fight cancer. The immune system helps your body fight infections and other diseases. It is made up of white blood cells and organs and tissue of the lymph system. Immunotherapy is a uses substance made from living organisms to treat cancer. 1 Immunotherapy is treatment that focuses on boosting the body’s own immune response against cancer tumors. Cancer cells can be treacherous targets for both therapeutic agent and the body’s natural defense line the immune system. But a new approach to “rewiring macrophages, the body’s pathogen and debris eaters, could offer a fresh boost to cancer immunotherapy. 2
Keywords: Immunotherapy, cancer treatment, immune system, natural defense line
Factor XIII Gene Polymorphisms among Sudanese Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Khartoum State 2022
Authors: Ibrahim Wessam Salah , Algader Abubker Alsiddig Abd , Abdallah Esraa Kamal Almahy , Hasssan Manasik Siddig , Hamed Sawsan A. , Gassoum Alsadig , Alabid Tyseer , Merghani Maye  M. , Babiker Nihad Elsadig 
Published: November 2022

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a sudden bleeding into the tissues of the brain, into its ventricles, or into both. It is the second most common subtype of stroke and is a critical disease usually leading to severe disability or death.
Material and method: This study was a cross sectional hospital-based study, conducted at the research laboratory of the national center of neurological sciences (NCNS), Khartoum, Sudan during the period June 2022 to August 2022.It included all patients attended with intracerebral hemorrhage. DNA extraction was done from blood of all patients and control. PCR for factor XIII gene was carried out and thus Sanger sequencing to both cases and controls.
Results: The PCR results showed; 100% samples were positive for factor XIII gene.Sequencing result showed the detection of threepolymorphisms in factor XIII gene (G>T, A>G and C>T) .
Conclusion: The detected factor XIII gene polymorphisms (G>T, A>G and C>T) might be associated with intercereberal hemorrhage among Sudanese patients.
Keywords: Factor XIII, gene, polymorphism, hemorrhage, stroke, cerebrovascular
Nanoparticles of Cerium Dioxide and Pristine (Unmodified) Fullerene C60 Protect Living Cells against Adverse Environmental Exposure: Does it Work?
Authors: Falko Oksana V. , Chizhevskiy Viktor V. , Klochkov Vladimir K. , Yevlash Viktoria V. 
Published: November 2022

We believe that unmodified hydrated C60 fullerene (C60FWS) and nanocrystalline cerium dioxide (NCD) are promising for biological research. It is knowns that these nanoparticles protect living cells from damaging environmental factors such as radioactive and ultraviolet radiation, temperature, hypoxia, toxic substances, etc. However, little attention has been paid in scientific reports to the use and study of these nanoparticles as possible adaptogens. In our studies, we tried to protect the culture of cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis with C60 and NCD from adverse conditions. The choice of Spirulina platensis is due to its sensitivity to adverse environmental factors. The results obtained show that the absence of toxic effects of C60 and NCD of selected concentrations on the Spirulina platensis culture has been found. Nanoparticles C60 and NCD maintained the culture of Spirulina platensis for at least 4 weeks in the absence of nutrients, light, low pH storage conditions and low temperature. Cyanobacteria stored for 1–4 weeks in distilled water with nanoparticles showed increased proliferative activity compared to samples stored at the same time in the standard Zarrouk’s nutrient medium.
Keywords: fullerene C60, nanocrystalline cerium dioxide, Spirulina platensis, adaptogens.
Measurement of Protein C Levels among Sudanese Children and Infants with Sepsis at Khartoum state, 2022
Authors: Mohamod Zakaria Mohamed , Merghani Maye M. , Babiker Nihad Elsadig 
Published: November 2022

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
Materials and methods: This was cross sectional study conducted at Baraah pediatric center, Khartoum, Sudan during the period from May 2022 to August 2022, to measure protein C level in Sudanese children and infants with Sepsis. 50 patients were selected as a case group (46% were female and 54% were male.), and apparently healthy donors were selected as control group. 2.8 ml of venous blood samples were collected in Tri Sodium Citrate Anticoagulant. CRP and the blood culture were done for all the patients. The protein C level was performed using Ichroma device.
Results: Protein C results revealed the mean of protein C in case was (63.7±8.9 ), and in the control group was(79.8±11.1 ), when compared protein C mean between case and control groups there was a highly significant decreased with ( p value 0.00) Also in the case group there was an insignificant differences between protein C, age, gender, and culture, p value >0.05), . In addition the result showed insignificant correlation between protein C and CRP(p value ≥0.05). The most common types of isolated bacteria in sepsis patients was Klebsiella
Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a significant decrease in protein C level in patients with sepsis.
Keywords: protein C , CRP sepsis , bacteria , Klebsiella
Comparison and Assessment of Prescribing Pattern of Psychotropic Agents in Bipolar Affective Disorder with Mania and Depression
Authors: SHAJAHAN AJMAL , K R Angel Princy , M S Mahima , Safwan Muhammed , M A Fathima Jaleela 
Published: November 2022

INTRODUCTION: Bipolar disorder is a recurring chronic disorder characterized by mood, state, and energy fluctuations. Individuals differ in symptoms, course, severity, and response to treatment. It is critical to know the current knowledge of the evolving pharmacological and psychological strategies in bipolar disorder.
Primary Objective: To compare and assess the prescribing pattern of psychotropic agents in bipolar affective disorder with mania and depression in a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Secondary Objectives:

Determination of risk and cofactors associated with Bipolar Disorder
Assessment of treatment modalities

DESIGN: Prospective observational study
RESULTS: The most commonly prescribed drug combination was Mood stabilizer + Antipsychotics + Benzodiazepine combination, 5(33.3%) in bipolar depression and9(60.0%) in bipolar mania. A very small percentage of patients(6.7%) received ECT. The most commonly prescribed drug was valproic acid (Mood stabilizer), 7(46.7%) in bipolar depression and 14(93.3%) in bipolar mania.
CONCLUSION: According to the data, Mood stabilizers were found to be the most commonly prescribed drug. Combination treatments are prevalent, reflecting the complexity of managing bipolar disorder. Although various genetic and environmental risk factors are identified, the attributable risk of individual elements is often less.
KEYWORDS: Bipolar disorder, Mania, Depression, Valproic acid
Relationship Blood Pressure and Exercise with Vitamin D Levels in Employees
Authors: Margo Eveline , Meiyanti , , Chondro Fransisca , Kartadinata Erlani , Yohana , 
Published: November 2022

In Indonesia prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is 63%, so although Indonesia is a tropical country on the equator, it doesn’t guarantee vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency can cause bone deformity and the risk of various chronic diseases such as diabetes, autoimmune diseases, arthritis, cancer, obesity, the distraction of lipid profile, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases can be increased. Increases blood pressure in globally remains the leading cause of death. In Indonesia, hypertension prevalence reached 47.8% with 70% of them suffering from undiagnosed hypertension. About 50-90% of vitamin D is mainly synthesized in the skin after exposure to UVB whereas only a minor part is derived from dietary sources. Exercise in the morning can help synthesize vitamin D. Because of that, the aim of this study is to research the relationship between blood pressure and exercise with vitamin D levels. The study was conducted on 63 employees with range aged 19-60 years in February 2021 at USAKTI Faculty of Medicine, East Jakarta. The research design used in this study was an observational analytic with cross-sectional approach and analyzed by chi-square test. This research presents a significant relationship between blood pressure with vitamin D levels (p=0.044), meanwhile exercise doesn’t have any significant relationship with vitamin D levels (p=0.565). This study shows vitamin D can impact blood pressure, while vitamin D source not only from sun exposure but can be taken from food or supplements.
Keywords: blood pressure, exercise, vitamin D levels
Post-Covid Era: Predictive Aspect of Psychological Condition Due to Sudden Pandemic
Authors: Ojha Smriti , Singh Amrita , Pandey Ayoni , Kumar Siddhant , Mishra Sudhanshu 
Published: November 2022

Covid-19 has impacted the lives of people in various aspects positive as well as negative. It has an
impact on different areas of life, including the economy, industries, global markets, agriculture,
human health, etc. The virus caused disruptions to daily life and restrictions on activities in many communities during its multiple outbreaks. Hope for a potential end to the pandemic emerged with the stepping up of vaccination campaigns. However, the continual appearance of mutant strains and vaccine hesitancy has been problems both nationally and internationally. People's normal activities, routines, and livelihoods have been disrupted by self-isolation and quarantine, potentially leading to an increase in loneliness, anxiety, depression, insomnia, excessive alcohol and drug use, and self-harm or suicidal activity. The psychological aspects of the post-covid-19 era are the effect of covid-19 on CNS, and physiological and psychological diseases caused due to covid-19. The article explains Post Trauma Stress Disorder as a psychological scar, Social evils arising due to covid-19, and predictive reasons for the increase in mental illness
Keywords- Covid-19, Pandemic, Mental Health, Post Trauma Stress Disorder, Depression, Anxiety