bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of Household Risk Perceptions and Adjustment Intentions to Tornado Hazards in Oklahoma
Authors: Li Yueqi , Wu Hao-Che , Greer Alex , Huntsman David O. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Tornadoes are responsible for considerable property damage and loss of life across Oklahoma. While several studies have explored drivers of tornado adjustment behaviors, their results are not consistent in terms of their significance and direction. To address this shortcoming in the literature, we surveyed households using a disproportionate stratified sampling procedure from counties in Oklahoma that frequently experience tornado threats to explore drivers of adjustments. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore relationships among variables highlighted in the protection motivation theory (PMT) and related literature that affect adjustment intentions and risk perceptions. Overall, we found that the factors highlighted in the PMT are effective at explaining households’ intentions of adopting adjustment behaviors associated with tornado hazards. Threat appraisals, however, were less important than coping appraisals in explaining tornado hazard adjustment intentions. In further analysis, we grouped adjustments as 1) basic (e.g., flashlight, food supply, and water supply) and 2) complex (e.g., insurance and storm shelter), and we found that while coping appraisals are significant drivers of both adjustment categories, the effect of threat appraisals is only significant for complex adjustment intentions. We also found that emotional responses to hazards are major drivers of threat appraisals, stronger than perceived knowledge and hazard salience. Moreover, we found that demographic characteristics affect both adjustment intentions and threat appraisals. The additions to the PMT and categorization of adjustment activities improve our understanding of the PMT in different contexts. Such insights provide scholars and emergency managers with strategies for risk communication efforts.

Significance Statement
Tornadoes have caused considerable property damage and loss of life across the state of Oklahoma. Here, we utilize the protection motivation theory (PMT) to explore drivers of tornado hazard adjustment intentions by surveying households from counties in Oklahoma that frequently experience tornadoes. Overall, we found that threat appraisals and coping appraisals produce differential effects depending on the type of hazard adjustment in question. Our findings show that risk perceptions are not a significant explanatory variable of basic adjustments (e.g., flashlight, food supply, and water supply) but are a significant explanatory variable of complex adjustments (e.g., insurance and storm shelter). Future work should provide broader perspectives on how to advance the PMT to better explain adjustment intentions for various hazards.
Traumatic Cardiac Arrest in Pediatric Patients: An Analysis of the National Trauma Database 2007-2016
Authors: Faulkner Justin , Carballo Christopher , Colosimo Christina , Gratton Austin , Mentzer Caleb , Yon James 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the population of pediatric patients who arrive without signs of life and describe outcomes using a national database. Patients eighteen and younger with no signs of life were pulled from the National Trauma Database (NTDB) from the years 2007-2016. A total of N = 7503 patients were separated into two cohorts for comparison. Subset analysis was also conducted for patients undergoing a thoracotomy. Statistical analysis was performed on the collected data. Over the 9-year period most patients died in the ED or hospital (95.7%), very few patients were discharged home (1.3%), and ED thoracotomies were performed rarely (9%) with most patients dying (97%). Arrival to the trauma bay without signs of life is associated with a dismal prognosis. Clinical judgment must be carefully applied to choose the small number of patients who would benefit from an aggressive approach.
Remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with six ischemic cycles
Authors: Böning Andreas , Flicker Luisa , Rodriguez-Montesinos Julian , Cabrera-Fuentes Hector , Preissner Klaus T , Niemann Bernd , Taghiyev Zulfugar T 
Published: July 2022

Background We have previously shown that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP), which utilizes in part the extracellular RNA (eRNA)/RNase1 pathway, can induce ischemic tolerance in humans. Because RIP has thus far been tested only with four cycles of extremity ischemia/reperfusion, we investigated the influence of six cycles of ischemia on the eRNA/RNase1 pathway in cardiac patients. Methods Six cycles of RIP were carried out in 14 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood samples were taken at 13 timepoints during surgery and at three timepoints after surgery for determining serum levels of RNase1, eRNA, and TNF-α. Trans-cardiac gradients between the myocardial blood inflow and outflow were calculated. Results Between the fourth and the sixth RIP cycles, a noticeable increase in the levels of eRNA (fourth: 151.6 (SD: 44.2) ng/ml vs sixth: 181.8 (SD: 87.5) ng/ml, p = .071), and a significant increase in RNase1 (fourth: 151.1 (SD: 42.6) U/ml vs sixth: 175.3 (SD: 41.2) U/ml, p = .001), were noted. The trans-cardiac gradients of RNase1 and eRNA before and after ischemia were not significantly different ( p = .158 and p = .221; p = .397 and p = .683, respectively). Likewise, the trans-cardiac gradient of TNF-α was similar before and after ischemia. During the first 48 h after the surgery, RNase1 activity rose significantly and exceeded baseline values (135.7 (SD: 40.6) U/ml before and 279.2 (SD: 85.6) U/ml after surgery, p = .001) as did eRNA levels (148,6 (SD: 35.4) ng/ml before and 396.5 (SD: 154.5) ng/ml after surgery, p = .005), whereas TNF-α levels decreased significantly (91.7 (SD: 47.7) pg/ml before and 35.7 (SD: 36.9) pg/ml after surgery, p = .001). Conclusion Six RIP cycles increased the RNase1 levels significantly above those observed with four cycles. More clinical data are required to show whether this translates into a benefit for patients.
Primary Arthroscopic Labral Management: Labral Repair and Complete Labral Reconstruction Both Offer Durable, Promising Results at Minimum 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Scanaliato John P. , Green Clare K. , Salfiti Catherine E. , Patrick Cole M. , Wolff Andrew B. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Increased understanding of the acetabular labrum’s role in hip joint biomechanics has led to a greater focus on the conservation and restoration of normal labral anatomic characteristics; however, labral repair is often not possible in the setting of severe intrasubstance damage or deficiency. Purpose: To compare 5-year postoperative patient-reported outcomes between hips treated with primary complete arthroscopic labral reconstruction and those treated with primary labral repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All hips that underwent primary labral repair or reconstruction by the senior surgeon between January 2015 and December 2015 were included. Hips that had undergone a previous intra-articular procedure were excluded. Visual analog scales and patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments were completed by patients within 1 week before surgery as a baseline measurement, between 22 and 26 months postoperatively for 2-year outcomes, and between 58 and 62 months for 5-year outcomes. PRO scores collected included the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), the 12-Item International Hip Outcome Tool, and the visual analog scale for pain and satisfaction. Pain and satisfaction were assessed using visual analog scales. Results: A total of 68 primary labral repairs and 62 primary complete labral reconstructions were included in the final analysis. Patients in the reconstruction cohort were older (38.3 vs 29.9 years; P < .001), had a higher incidence of severe labral tearing (62.90% vs 5.88%; P < .001), required a greater number of concomitant procedures ( P < .001), and were more likely to have Beck grade III or IV chondral damage (12.94% vs 1.47%; P < .001). Both groups demonstrated statistically significant increases in outcome scores at minimum 5-year follow-up. Patients who underwent labral reconstruction had a significantly greater increase in mHHS from the preoperative assessment to latest follow-up compared with patients undergoing labral repair (27.43 vs 17.13; P = .04). No statistically significant differences between the 2 cohorts were found in achievement of minimal clinically important difference, Patient Acceptable Symptom State, maximum outcome improvement, and substantial clinical benefit at latest follow-up ( P > .05). In total, 2 patients in the repair cohort and 3 patients in the reconstruction cohort required revision arthroscopy ( P = .574). Further, 1 patient from each group converted to arthroplasty ( P = .947). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that primary complete labral reconstruction is a viable surgical option for hips with moderate to severe labral pathology. At minimum 5-year follow-up, labral reconstruction produced similar outcomes to labral repair despite less favorable preoperative patient characteristics in the reconstruction cohort.
The Impact of an Antithrombotic Stewardship Program on Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Management
Authors: Lee John , Lindsley John , Chasler Jessica , Streiff Michael B. , Naik Rakhi , Shanbhag Satish , Dane Kathryn E. 
Published: July 2022

Background: An antithrombotic stewardship program was implemented to reduce IV DTI use and increase fondaparinux and direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use for suspected or confirmed Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Objectives: This study evaluated the impact of an antithrombotic stewardship program on IV DTI utilization in patients with HIT. Methods: A retrospective analysis of adults receiving IV DTIs or fondaparinux from July 2016 to July 2017 (pre-stewardship) and October 2017 to July 2019 (post-stewardship) was conducted. Results: The median duration of IV DTI administration was not significantly different in HIT-negative patients between the pre- and post-stewardship cohorts (1.6 days (25th percentile (p25), 75th percentile (p75): .5, 3.3) vs 1.7 days (p25, p75: .9, 3.9), P = .31). The median duration of IV DTI administration in HIT-positive patients was 9.9 days (p25, p75: 7.6, 21.0) pre-stewardship and 7.3 days (p25, p75: 4.8, 16.5) post-stewardship ( P = .18). For HIT-positive patients, the time from HIT diagnosis to discharge was 12.8 days (p25, p75: 8.9, 24.9) and 9.2 days (p25, p75: 4.0, 18.1) in the pre- and post-stewardship cohorts, respectively ( P = .07). Fondaparinux and DOAC prescribing rates were 40.7% and 62.2% in the pre- and post-stewardship cohorts, respectively ( P = .09). The percentage of patients with no contraindications to IV DTI alternatives receiving these agents increased from 31.2% to 78.6% ( P = .01) following stewardship implementation. Conclusions: Intravenous DTI alternative utilization increased significantly after stewardship implementation. Stewardship implementation was associated with a non-statistically significant trend towards decreased IV DTI utilization and decreased length of stay for HIT-positive patients.
Conducting Multicenter Residency Research
Authors: Giuliano Christopher , Haan Bradley , Hanni Claudia , Ng Tsz Hin , Yost Raymond 
Published: July 2022

Purpose Conducting well designed pharmacy resident research projects has inherent challenges including inadequate sample size, a lack of time, decreased generalizability, and inadequate research support. A way to overcome these barriers is through conducting multicenter research projects. However, this approach may also bring new challenges. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide a general approach for pharmacy preceptors and leaders on implementation of multicenter residency research. Summary This article includes a general approach to conducting multicenter research from experienced individuals based upon their successes and failures. A timeline-based format is presented to lay the groundwork for implementation of this approach. Key topics in this paper include establishing a research overview committee, research question development, Institutional Review Board considerations, site recruitment, authorship discussions, resident coordination, protocol development, data collection, manuscript development, and considerations after residency. The approach maintains a critical focus on the individual residents ability to achieve American Society of Health-System Pharmacists accreditation standards for conducting research while operating in a collaborative manner. Conclusion Conducting multicenter residency research projects requires a team-based approach and advanced planning. This approach has the potential to improve pharmacy resident project quality.
Organizational innovation under constraints: The case of covid patients’ flow management in Parisian hospitals
Authors: Gomez Marie-Léandre , Kerveillant Marie , Langlois Matthieu , Lot Nicolas , Raux Mathieu 
Published: July 2022

The COVID crisis has put hospitals under great stress over the past 2 years and some institutions came close to their breaking points. This has often forced decision makers and the entire institutions to change their practices and the organization of the hospitals in order to continue operating despite limited resources. It has also led some hospitals to develop and implement organizational innovations. This article is based on a qualitative case study analyzing the case of a crisis unit that has implemented various innovative medical and organizational actions in order to manage the flow of resuscitation Covid patients in a large group of hospitals in Paris. This team has implemented a new evaluation scale of resuscitation needs in order to better manage quantitatively and qualitatively the patients’ flow; it has defined medical criteria to select the patients eligible for transfer; it has organized one hundred patients transfers to other hospitals’ intensive care units, in and out of the region, involving private hospitals and private ambulances for a new collaboration. The case allows us to understand innovation in the midst of an extreme situation, when material and human resources are highly constrained, and with very strong time pressure. We highlight the importance of implementing flexible organizational processes and staffing the crisis team with physicians and nurses with specific and complementary skills and experience in flow management and crisis situations.
Hispanics and Hospice: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cardenas Valeria , Fennell Gillian , Enguidanos Susan 
Published: July 2022

Background. Hospice has been shown to improve patient and family satisfaction with care, reduce hospitalizations and hospital costs, and reduce pain and symptoms. Despite more than 40 years of hospice care and related research in the U.S., few studies examining hospice experiences have included Hispanics. Thus, little is known about hospice barriers, facilitators, and outcomes among Hispanics. Aim. This systematic literature review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of studies assessing knowledge of and attitudes toward hospice, barriers and facilitators to hospice use, utilization patterns, and hospice-related outcomes among Hispanics. Design. Between March 2019 and March 2020 we searched Ovid Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and CINAHL, using search terms for hospice care, end-of-life care, Hispanics, and Latinos. All steps were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols. U.S. studies that examined Hispanics’ knowledge and attitudes towards hospice, facilitators or barriers to hospice use, hospice use, and hospice-related outcomes were included. Qualitative studies and non-empirical work were excluded. Study quality was assessed using Hawker’s quality criteria. Results. Of the 4,841 abstracts reviewed, 41 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. These studies largely report lower hospice knowledge and awareness among Hispanics and mixed results around hospice use and outcomes in comparison to Whites. Conclusion. There has been relatively little research focused specifically on Hispanics’ experience with hospice. Future research should focus on testing interventions for overcoming hospice-related disparities among Hispanics and on improving access to quality hospice care among terminally ill Hispanics.
Assessment of the Carcinogenic Potential of Pretomanid in Transgenic Tg.rasH2 Mice
Authors: Ambroso Jeffrey L. , Dillberger John , Bruning-Barry Rebecca , Yang Tian 
Published: July 2022

Pretomanid is a nitroimidazooxazine antimycobacterial drug that was approved as part of a three-drug oral regimen, consisting of bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid, for 6-months treatment of adults with pulmonary extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis or with complicated forms of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis by the food and drug administration in the United States and regulatory bodies in over 10 other countries. Nitroaromatic compounds as a class carry a risk of genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity based on reactive metabolite formation. A battery of good laboratory practice genotoxicity studies on pretomanid indicated that the compound was not genotoxic, however its hydroxy imidazole metabolite (M50) was genotoxic in the Ames assay. To assess the in vivo carcinogenic potential of pretomanid, hemizygous Tg.rasH2 mice were administered pretomanid once daily by oral gavage for 26 weeks. Male mice were given pretomanid in vehicle at doses of 0, 5, 15 and 40 mg/kg/day and female mice were given pretomanid in vehicle at doses of 0, 10, 30 and 80 mg/kg/day. Positive control mice of both sexes received intraperitoneal injections of urethane at 1000 mg/kg on Days 1, 3 and 5. There were no pretomanid-related early deaths, tumors, non-neoplastic microscopic findings, or gross necropsy findings at any dose level. The positive control gave the anticipated response of lung tumors. Oral administration of pretomanid to mice produced plasma exposure to the parent compound (high dose AUC of pretomanid 3 times the clinical AUC at the maximum recommended human dose) and exposure to the M50 metabolite (less than 10% of pretomanid) at all dose levels in both sexes. These data show that pretomanid was not carcinogenic in a transgenic mouse model at systemic exposures greater than human therapeutic exposures.
Gastroduodenal ulceration detected endoscopically in cats: retrospective study of 61 patients
Authors: Bottero Enrico , Pierini Alessio , Ruggiero Pietro , Cattaneo Deborah , Campanile Andrea , Benvenuti Elena 
Published: July 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the endoscopic appearance of gastroduodenal ulcers (GDUs), and to assess the clinical, ultrasonographic and histological data, as well as long-term follow-up, in cats. Methods The medical record databases of five veterinary endoscopists were evaluated between January 2016 and 2020, in a retrospective study. Cats with at least one gastric or duodenal ulcer detected by endoscopic examination were included. All the medical records of the selected cats were reviewed and information was collected regarding breed, age, sex, neuter status, medical history, clinical signs, and ultrasonographic, endoscopic and histological findings. The cats were evaluated at 6, 12 and 18 months. Results Sixty-one cats with a median age of 9.0 years (range 2.0–16.0) were included in the study. The most common complaints were vomiting (n = 55; 90%) and hyporexia (n = 40; 66%); haematemesis was reported in 12 (20%) cats. Endoscopy showed GDUs in the following locations: gastric body in 28 cats (46%), antropyloric area in 34 cats (56%), fundus in 13 cats (21%) and duodenum in eight cats (13%). A single GDU was found in 42 cats (69%) and multiple GDUs were seen in 19 cats (31%). Histopathological evaluation revealed benign lesions in 33 (54%) cats and malignant lesions in 28 (46%; 24 high-grade lymphoma, one low-grade lymphoma and three carcinoma). High-grade lymphoma was detected only in the stomach. Cats diagnosed with malignant GDUs (median 10.5, range 4–16) were significantly older than cats with benign lesions ( P = 0.002). Conclusions and relevance GDUs are common and were detected in 5.1% of cats undergoing an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The risk of a malignant ulcer increases proportionally with each year of increasing age. GDU location, number and morphological appearance do not provide any indication of the nature of the ulcer; however, duodenal ulcers are frequently benign. Endoscopic examination facilitates the early and minimally invasive detection of GDUs in cats.
Causes and predictors of failed same-day home discharge following primary hip and knee total joint arthroplasty: a Canadian perspective
Authors: Gazendam Aaron M , Tushinski Daniel , Patel Mansi , Bali Kamal , Petruccelli Danielle , Winemaker Mitchell , DeBeer Justin , Gillies Leslie , Best Katie , Fife Jennifer , Wood Thomas J 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Same-day home (SDH) discharge in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has increased in popularity in recent years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the causes and predictors of failed discharges in planned SDH patients. Methods: A consecutive cohort of patients who underwent total knee (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) that were scheduled for SDH discharge between 01 April 2019 and 31 March 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, causes of failed discharge, perioperative variables, 30-day readmissions and 6-month reoperation rates were collected. Multivariate regression analysis was undertaken to identify independent predictors of failed discharge. Results: The cohort consisted of 527 consecutive patients. 101 (19%) patients failed SDH discharge. The leading causes were postoperative hypotension (20%) and patients who were ineligible for the SDH pathway (19%). 2 individual surgeons, later operative start time (OR 1.3; 95% CI, 1.15–1.55; p = 0.001), ASA class IV (OR 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4–8.2; p = 0.006) and undergoing a THA (OR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2–3.1, p = 0.004) were independent predictors of failed SDH discharge. No differences in age, BMI, gender, surgical approach or type of anaesthetic were found ( p  > 0.05). The 30-day readmission or 6-month reoperation were similar between groups ( p  > 0.05). Conclusions: Hypotension and inappropriate patient selection were the leading causes of failed SDH discharge. Significant variability existed between individual surgeons failed discharge rates. Patients undergoing a THA, classified as ASA IV or had a later operative start time were all more likely to fail SDH discharge.