bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo programming: establishment of epigenome in mammalian oocytes
Authors: Qian Jingjing , Guo Fan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Innovations in ultrasensitive and single-cell measurements enable us to study layers of genome regulation in view of cellular and regulatory heterogeneity. Genome-scale mapping allows to evaluate epigenetic features and dynamics in different genomic contexts, including genebodies, CpG islands, imprinting control regions, promoters, partially methylated domains, and repetitive elements. The epigenome of early embryos, fetal germ cells, and sperms has been extensively studied for the past decade, whereas oocytes remain less clear. Emerging evidence now supports the notion that transcription and chromatin accessibility precede de novo DNA methylation in both human and mouse oocytes. Recent studies have also started to chart correlations among different histone modifications and DNA methylation. We discuss the potential mechanistic hierarchy that shapes the oocyte DNA methylome, also providing insights into the convergent and divergent features between humans and mice.
Ppan is essential for preimplantation development in mice
Authors: Tian Qing , Tian Yu , He Ximiao , Yin Ying , Zhou Li-quan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPETER PAN (PPAN), located to nucleoli and mitochondria, is a member of the Brix domain protein family, involved in rRNA processing through its rRNA binding motif and mitochondrial apoptosis by protecting mitochondria structure and suppressing basal autophagic flux. Ppan is important for cell proliferation and viability, and mutation of Ppan in Drosophila caused larval lethality and oogenesis failure. Yet, its role in mammalian reproduction remains unclear. In this study, we explored the function of Ppan in oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis using conditional knockout mouse model. Deficiency of maternal Ppan significantly downregulated the expression level of 5.8S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA, though it had no effect on oocyte maturation or preimplantation embryo development. However, depletion of both maternal and zygotic Ppan blocked embryonic development at morula stage. Similar phenotype was obtained when only zygotic Ppan was depleted. We further identified no DNA binding activity of PPAN in mouse embryonic stem cells, and depletion of Ppan had minimum impact on transcriptome but decreased expression of 5.8S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA nevertheless. Our findings demonstrate that Ppan is indispensable for early embryogenesis in mice.
Publishing While Female: are Women Held to Higher Standards? Evidence from Peer Review
Authors: Hengel Erin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFemale authors are under-represented in top economics journals. In this paper, I investigate whether higher writing standards contribute to the problem. I find that (i) female-authored papers are 1%–6% better written than equivalent papers by men; (ii) the gap widens during peer review; (iii) women improve their writing as they publish more papers (but men do not); (iv) female-authored papers take longer under review. Using a subjective expected utility framework, I argue that higher writing standards for women are consistent with these stylised facts. A counterfactual analysis suggests that senior female economists may, as a result, write at least 5% more clearly than they otherwise would. As a final exercise, I show tentative evidence that women adapt to biased treatment in ways that may disguise it as voluntary choice.
Identifying the Caenorhabditis elegans vulval transcriptome
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hrach Heather , Mangone Marco , Reiner David J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Development of the Caenorhabditis elegans vulva is a classic model of organogenesis. This system, which starts with 6 equipotent cells, encompasses diverse types of developmental event, including developmental competence, multiple signaling events to control precise and faithful patterning of three cell fates, execution and proliferation of specific cell lineages, and a series of sophisticated morphogenetic events. Early events have been subjected to extensive mutational and genetic investigations and later events to cell biological analyses. We infer the existence of dramatically changing profiles of gene expression that accompanies the observed changes in development. Yet, except from serendipitous discovery of several transcription factors expressed in dynamic patterns in vulval lineages, our knowledge of the transcriptomic landscape during vulval development is minimal. This study describes the composition of a vulva-specific transcriptome. We used tissue-specific harvesting of mRNAs via immunoprecipitation of epitope-tagged poly(A) binding protein, PAB-1, heterologously expressed by a promoter known to express GFP in vulval cells throughout their development. The identified transcriptome was small but tightly interconnected. From this data set, we identified several genes with identified functions in development of the vulva and validated more with promoter-GFP reporters of expression. For one target, lag-1, promoter-GFP expression was limited but a fluorescent tag of the endogenous protein revealed extensive expression. Thus, we have identified a transcriptome of C. elegans vulval lineages as a launching pad for exploration of functions of these genes in organogenesis.
Forest-Wide Longleaf Pine Restoration Response to Varying Future Management Intensities in a Transitioning Upland Forest
Authors: Matusick George , Hudson Stephen J , Garrett Caleb Z , Kent James D , Parker James M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Many public land management programs in the southeastern United States have been restoring the longleaf pine forest for more than 20 years, which includes intensive treatment with fire, thinning, chemical control of competition, and tree planting. A shift to more passive management (prescribed burning alone) is anticipated once a critical level of longleaf pine has been established. It remains unclear whether this longleaf pine threshold has been reached and whether intensive management should continue at Fort Benning, Georgia. Using the Landis-II forest landscape model, changes in tree species and forest types were estimated from 2017 to 2117 under four forest management scenarios, ranging from passive (“burn only”) to intensive (“proactive”). The desired future condition includes 75% of upland forest dominated by longleaf pine (&gt;49.5% composition). The proactive scenario resulted in the desired future forest condition, whereas reactive and passive scenarios did not. These results suggest a critical threshold of longleaf pine forest has not been reached at Fort Benning and therefore intensive management approaches are still required. This study shows that even well-established populations of longleaf pine on public lands require maintenance and continued intensive restoration to reach desired forest-wide conditions.
Controlling an Invasive Tree with a Native Fungus: InoculatingAilanthus altissima(Tree-of-Heaven) withVerticillium nonalfalfaein Highly Disturbed Appalachian Forests of Ohio
Authors: Pile Knapp Lauren S , Rebbeck Joanne , Hutchinson Todd , Fraser Jacob , Pinchot Cornelia C 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHighly disturbed forests are commonplace throughout the eastern United States and their residing composition and structure is reflective of their past land use. Management and restoration efforts are complicated by diverse and abundant nonnative invasive plants, including Ailanthus altissima. Verticillium nonalfalfae has been identified as a potential native mycoherbicide option for Ailanthus. To test the efficacy of Verticillium on Ailanthus we designed a study in highly disturbed forests of southern Ohio. At each of five sites, we monitored symptomology, mortality, and rate of spread of stem-inoculated Verticillium on Ailanthus in four inoculated plots and compared it to a control plot. We also monitored native plants for Verticillium symptomology and community responses to Ailanthus control. Our results suggest that Verticillium is an effective tool for controlling Ailanthus with no observed effect on native flora. Further, Verticillium naturally spreads through stands and mortality is slow enough that other resident nonnative invasive plants do not rapidly increase.
The Reception House: A New Space for Managing Infectious Disease ‘Contacts’
Authors: Mooney Graham 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is revealing the many ways in which infectious disease control is a spatialized enterprise. Stay-at-home orders, travel bans and travel corridors, restrictions on visiting patients in hospitals, and many more regulations, speak to the power of space and place in conditioning the transmission of infectious diseases and the human experiences of them. Such spatializations have an extremely long history but were codified and formalized in the later nineteenth century as knowledge of bacteria, incubation periods, and asymptomatic carriers became more sophisticated. Two developments reflected this in Great Britain. First, the new use of the term ‘contact’ as a noun and the naming of ‘contacts’ as a specific population group. Second, the emergence of the ‘reception house’, a building for people living in overcrowded dwellings who had been exposed to people with infectious diseases but who were not yet showing signs of disease. Drawing on recent scholarship at the boundary of medical history, architectural history and the histories of biopolitics, this paper uses public health reports, architectural plans, and newspapers to reveal the multiple ambiguities of these spaces, where the uncertainties of bacteriological science, the demands of the capitalist labour system, and the rationales of liberal governance coalesced.
Systemic chronic diseases coexist with and affect locomotive syndrome: The Nagahama Study
Authors: Morita Yugo , Ito Hiromu , Kawaguchi Shuji , Nishitani Kohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kuriyama Shinichi , Ikezoe Tome , Tsuboyama Tadao , Ichihashi Noriaki , Tabara Yasuharu , Matsuda Fumihiko , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The concept of locomotive syndrome was proposed to highlight older adults who require nursing care services due to the malfunctioning of their locomotive organs. With the coming of a super-ageing society, there is a growing need to understand the relation between systemic chronic diseases and locomotive syndrome.

Methods
We analysed the second-visit dataset of the Nagahama Study. The association analysis was performed to identify the chronic diseases that were risk factors associated with the occurrence and the progression of locomotive syndrome in both the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

Results
Hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic renal failure, osteoporosis, anaemia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease were independently correlated with locomotive syndrome through the deterioration of body pain, social activity, and cognitive function in the cross-sectional study. Multiple chronic diseases had additive effects and significantly increased the risk of locomotive syndrome. In the longitudinal study, osteoporosis and kidney disease were significantly correlated with the worsening of the total GLFS-25 score.

Conclusions
Locomotive syndrome coexisted with various systemic chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Osteoporosis and kidney disease were significantly correlated with the progression of locomotive dysfunction. The management of various chronic diseases may be useful to prevent locomotive syndrome and vice versa.
Evaluating the diagnostic validity of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) in pediatric posterior fossa tumor patients
Authors: Hoffmann-Lamplmair Doris , Leiss Ulrike , Peyrl Andreas , Slavc Irene , Czech Thomas , Gram Alexandra , Pletschko Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the severity of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) in patients treated for pediatric posterior fossa tumors (PFT) and evaluate its diagnostic validity and predictive value for long-term effects.

Methods
Using neuropsychological test data from 56 patients with PFT (average age: 14 years), the severity of deficits in the CCAS core areas (executive functions, verbal functions, visuospatial abilities and emotions/behaviour) was examined. Neuropsychological and academic long-term outcomes of patients with CCAS were compared to two control groups of PFT patients (treated with either surgery or surgery followed by radio-/chemotherapy) without the syndrome. Risk factors associated with various deficits were considered.

Results
All but one PFT patient suffered from slight to severe impairments in at least one CCAS domain, while complete CCAS occurred in 35.7%. Seven years after tumor diagnosis CCAS patients performed worse in information processing, logical reasoning, verbal functions, visuospatial skills, and executive functioning and required more special educational support compared to the control groups. CCAS patients performed equally poor as patients treated with chemo-/radiotherapy in tasks measuring information processing speed. Risk factors were significantly associated with deficits in information processing speed but not CCAS emergence.

Conclusions
Deficits in the core CCAS domains are commonly found in PFT patients, but varying in severity, which suggests the syndrome to be continuous rather than dichotomous. However, the validity of CCAS diagnosis was low and unspecific. The exclusion of relevant functions typically impaired in PFT patients (eg, information processing) resulted in difficulties being overlooked.
Experience with telemedicine amongst rheumatology clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international survey
Authors: Chock Yu Pei Eugenia , Putman Michael , Conway Richard , Danila Maria I , Hoyer Bimba , Hsieh Evelyn , Jayatilleke Arundathi , Kilian Adam , Leipe Jan , Liew Jean W , Machado Pedro M , Robinson Philip C , Singh Namrata , Ung Natasha , Yeoh Su-Ann , Wallace Zachary S , Grainger Rebecca , Cappelli Laura C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess rheumatology clinicians’ perceptions of telemedicine as well as their experiences before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional online survey and collected responses from rheumatology clinicians worldwide between November 2020 and February 2021, regarding use and perceptions of telemedicine in rheumatology. We summarized data with descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis for free-text responses.

Results
The survey was completed by 349 rheumatology clinicians from 49 countries; 59% were female and one-third were 30–50 years old. Academic affiliations were held by 55% of participants and 44% were from North America. Prior to the pandemic, 24% of participants had experience with telemedicine, while about three-quarters used telemedicine for the first time during the pandemic. Overall, 56% thought they provided less adequate care with telemedicine. More than half of clinicians felt that telemedicine was adequate for evaluating crystalline arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, and lupus flares. Telemedicine was felt to be inadequate for flares of myositis, vasculitis, and scleroderma. Technical problems were reported in 29% of telemedicine encounters and were most commonly related to patient-encountered difficulties.

Conclusion
. Most rheumatology clinicians used telemedicine for the first time during the pandemic. The quality of care provided was thought to be inferior to that provided in-person for specific clinical situations. Additional efforts are needed to address barriers to effective telemedicine such as patient-related technology issues, challenges with building rapport, and performing a physical examination and to define the appropriate scope of clinical scenarios conducive to telemedicine.
Central sleep apnea: pathophysiologic classification
Authors: Javaheri Shahrokh , Badr M Safwan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCentral sleep apnea is not a single disorder; it can present as an isolated disorder or as a part of other clinical syndromes. In some conditions, such as heart failure, central apneic events are due to transient inhibition of ventilatory motor output during sleep, owing to the overlapping influences of sleep and hypocapnia. Specifically, the sleep state is associated with removal of wakefulness drive to breathe; thus, rendering ventilatory motor output dependent on the metabolic ventilatory control system, principally PaCO2. Accordingly, central apnea occurs when PaCO2 is reduced below the “apneic threshold”. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of central sleep apnea has evolved appreciably over the past decade; accordingly, in disorders such as heart failure, central apnea is viewed as a form of breathing instability, manifesting as recurrent cycles of apnea/hypopnea, alternating with hyperpnea. In other words, ventilatory control operates as a negative—feedback closed-loop system to maintain homeostasis of blood gas tensions within a relatively narrow physiologic range, principally PaCO2. Therefore, many authors have adopted the engineering concept of “loop gain” (LG) as a measure of ventilatory instability and susceptibility to central apnea. Increased LG promotes breathing instabilities in a number of medical disorders. In some other conditions, such as with use of opioids, central apnea occurs due to inhibition of rhythm generation within the brainstem. This review will address the pathogenesis, pathophysiologic classification, and the multitude of clinical conditions that are associated with central apnea, and highlight areas of uncertainty.
Impacts of added roughage on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and ruminal pH of feedlot steers fed wheat-based feedlot diets containing 30% modified distillers grains with solubles
Authors: Pickinpaugh Wayde J , Neville Bryan W , Moore Rebecca L , Caton Joel S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the inclusion rate roughage in wheat-based diets containing modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS) on feedlot performance (Feedlot Experiment), as well as digestibility, ruminal pH, and ruminal fermentation characteristics (Digestibility Experiment). The feedlot experiment utilized 72 Angus steers (392 ± 46.3 kg initial body weight) which were randomly assigned to 1 of 12 pens, 3 pens per treatment, to evaluate feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Dietary treatments were 1) control; 10% roughage, 2) 12% roughage, 3) 14% roughage, and 4) 16% roughage. The digestibility experiment used four ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers (393 ± 33.0 kg) in a 4 × 4 Latin Square with either 10%, 12%, 14%, or 16% roughage as in the feedlot experiment. However, dietary roughage source was different between these two experiments and included a combination of grass hay and wheat straw (Feedlot Experiment), and corn silage (Digestibility Experiment). All data were analyzed with the Mixed Procedures of SAS. Feed intake was recorded, with duodenal and fecal output calculated using chromic oxide. Ruminal pH and fermentation were assessed. Growth performance and most carcass characteristics were not affected by increasing roughage (P ≥ 0.11). Marbling tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.10) with increasing roughage inclusion. Increasing dietary roughage content had no effect on organic matter intake (P = 0.60) in the digestibility experiment. Intake, duodenal flow, and digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.16). Ruminal pH increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) as rate of roughage inclusion increased. Ruminal concentrations of acetate and butyrate increased, and propionate decreased in a linear fashion (P &lt; 0.01) thereby increasing (P &lt; 0.01) acetate and butyrate to propionate ratio with increasing dietary roughage. Our data indicate that increasing roughage inclusion in wheat-based diets including 30% MDGS increased ruminal pH and shifted ruminal fermentation patterns. Additionally, increasing roughage inclusion did not affect feedlot performance in steers fed wheat at 36% to 42% of dietary dry matter in combination with 30% MDGS.
Reliability of the lateral femoral wall thickness for detecting the potential for treatment failure and implant choice in patients with trochanteric hip fractures: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Selim Amr , Seoudi Nabil , Algeaidy Ibrahim Taha , Barakat Ahmed Samir 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Trochanteric hip fractures represent one of the most challenging injuries in orthopaedic practice. Dynamic hip screw (DHS) remains the gold standard in management of these fractures. Lateral femoral wall thickness (LWT) is an evolving parameter for detecting the potential for lateral wall fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the mean and cutoff levels for LWT that warrant lateral wall fracture and its various implications.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study included 42 patients with trochanteric hip fractures treated with DHS. LWT was assessed in all patients preoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups according to the postoperative integrity of the lateral femoral wall; in group A the patients sustained a lateral femoral wall fracture, and in group B the lateral femoral wall remained intact. All patients were regularly followed up for 12 mo.

Results:
At 12 mo, 12% of patients suffered postoperative lateral wall fracture, while in 88% the lateral femoral wall remained intact. The mean LWT in group A was 18.04 mm compared to 26.22 mm in group B. Revision surgery was 40% in group A and 5% in group B. The cutoff point of LWT below which there is a high chance of postoperative lateral wall fracture when fixed with DHS was 19.6 mm.

Conclusions:
Preoperative measurement of LWT in elderly patients with trochanteric hip fractures is decisive. The cutoff point for postoperative lateral wall fracture according to this study was 19.6 mm; hence, intramedullary fixation should be considered in this situation.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
Media Depiction of Birth Differences of the Upper Extremity: Accuracy of Shared Diagnoses
Authors: Frantz Lisa M. , Wall Lindley B. , Goldfarb Charles A. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
To assess the diagnostic accuracy of public representation of congenital differences of the upper extremities. We hypothesized that there is an over-diagnosis of certain diagnoses such as amniotic constriction band and under-diagnosis of others such as symbrachydactyly and radial deficiency.

Methods:
Publicly shared images and associated diagnoses were searched on publicly available news media and social media accounts published from October 2018 through November 2021 using key terms such as “amniotic band syndrome,” “congenital arm amputation,” and “3D prosthetic arm” as well as The Lucky Fin Project account on Instagram. The images were collected and reviewed by 2 congenital hand surgeons. The surgeons’ diagnoses were then compared to the reported diagnoses associated with each image to assess accuracy.

Results:
A total of 100 images were collected with the reported diagnosis associated with each image. Two images were removed due to evidence of prior surgery. The hand surgeons’ diagnosis disagreed with the reported diagnosis in 60 of 98 (61%) images. Of those 60 inaccurate diagnoses, 2/3 were reported as amniotic constriction band.

Conclusions:
Media and social media depictions of congenital upper extremity differences are frequently inaccurate, and our search demonstrated that the amniotic constriction band is the most commonly reported, inaccurate diagnosis. Accuracy of diagnosis in public media is important given the impact a diagnosis has on those viewing and sharing the images.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV, diagnostic.