bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents’ Knowledge and Attitude toward Childhood Vaccination in Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mobark Mugahid A. , Alhazmi Hossam Essa , Altowayan Waleed M. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Childhood vaccination programs participate greatly in reducing the spread of vaccine preventable diseases. Beside the noticeable success of vaccination, there are still parents’ questions and hesitancy regarding childhood vaccination.
Aims: This study evaluated the knowledge and attitude of parents in Qassim region towards childhood vaccination with the aim to measure the degree of the local community acceptance of childhood vaccination with aspiration to add an effective literature information in this field.
Study Design: A cross sectional survey study using a Google form designed questionnaire.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Qassim in Saudi Arabia from October 2020 to December 2020.
Methodology: We included 403 parents. The data was collected using a questionnaire divided in to three parts; socio-demographic, knowledge and attitude, and side effects. The knowledge was evaluated by seven items with answers set in to ‘Yes’, ‘No’ and ‘Don’t know’. The attitude by seven items with fixed-answers of ‘Agree’, ‘Neutral’ and ‘Disagree’. In the third part side effects like fever, pain, diarrhea, skin rash and seizures were directly asked. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of data.
Results: Among 403 participants, the majority were young adult female with a bachelor degree. The parents have good levels of knowledge and attitude towards child hood vaccination and the levels are significantly differed among various demographic variables. The parents’ attitude is linearly influenced by their level of knowledge (P-value is <0.001).
Conclusion: Beside the good parents’ knowledge that positively influenced by their attitude toward childhood vaccination with a considerable local public awareness in this field, parents recommended more awareness campaigns on vaccination’s benefits and risks.
Characterization of the Interfacial Defect Layer in Chalcopyrite Solar Cells by Depth‐Resolved Muon Spin Spectroscopy
Authors: Alberto Helena V. , Vilão Rui C. , Ribeiro Eduardo F. M. , Gil João M. , Curado Marco A. , Teixeira Jennifer P. , Fernandes Paulo A. , Cunha José M. V. , Salomé Pedro M. P. , Edoff Marika , Martins Maria I. , Prokscha Thomas , Salman Zaher , Weidinger Alois 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs devices become smaller and more complex, the interfaces between adjacent materials become increasingly important and are often critical to device performance. An important research goal is to improve the interface between the absorber and the window layer by inserting buffer layers to adjust the transition. Depth‐resolved studies are key for a fundamental understanding of the interface. In the present experiment, the interface between the chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber and various buffer layers are investigated using low‐energy muon spin rotation (μSR) spectroscopy. Depth resolution in the nm range is achieved by implanting the muons with different energies so that they stop at different depths in the sample. Near the interface, a region about 50 nm wide is detected where the lattice is more distorted than further inside the absorber. The distortion is attributed to the long‐range strain field caused by defects. These measurements allow a quantification of the corresponding passivation effect of the buffer layer. Bath‐deposited cadmium sulfide provides the best defect passivation in the near interface region, in contrast to the dry‐deposited oxides, which have a much smaller effect. The experiment demonstrates the great potential of low energy μSR spectroscopy for microscopic interfacial studies of multilayer systems.
Quantifying Wetting Dynamics with Triboelectrification
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Scaraggi Michele , Zheng Youbin , Li Xiaojuan , Wu Yang , Wang Daoai , Dini Daniele , Zhou Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWetting is often perceived as an intrinsic surface property of materials, but determining its evolution is complicated by its complex dependence on roughness across the scales. The Wenzel (W) state, where liquids have intimate contact with the rough surfaces, and the Cassie–Baxter (CB) state, where liquids sit onto air pockets formed between asperities, are only two states among the plethora of wetting behaviors. Furthermore, transitions from the CB to the Wenzel state dictate completely different surface performance, such as anti‐contamination, anti‐icing, drag reduction etc.; however, little is known about how transition occurs during time between the several wetting modes. In this paper, wetting dynamics can be accurately quantified and tracked using solid–liquid triboelectrification. Theoretical underpinning reveals how surface micro‐/nano‐geometries regulate stability/infiltration, also demonstrating the generality of the authors’ theoretical approach in understanding wetting transitions. It can clarify the functioning behavior of materials in real environment.
Prairie Pothole Management Support Tool: A web application for evaluating prairie pothole flood risk
Authors: Nahkala Brady A. , Kaleita Amy L. , Soupir Michelle L. , VanLoocke Andy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Prairie Pothole Management Support Tool (PPMST) is an open‐source, accessible web application that provides educational and informational evaluations of the flood risk of individual farmed prairie potholes within the Des Moines Lobe (DML) of Iowa. The PPMST provides a comparative numeric assessment of pothole flood risk, predicted from a random forest machine learning model, based on simple field characteristics. The PPMST allows landowners or extension specialists and consultants to assess a range of tillage and artificial drainage options and can compare traditional corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations with perennial planting. The PPMST will be useful for conservation planning and precision agriculture by helping identify and prioritize these marginal land areas for continued farming or conservation.
In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta accumulation is a protective mechanism that ultimately fails
Authors: Rischel Elise Brøchner , Gejl Michael , Brock Birgitte , Rungby Jørgen , Gjedde Albert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHypothesis and predictionsHere, we claim that amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation is a protective mechanism that ultimately fails. We predict that more Aβ accumulates in regions with higher rates of glucose metabolism, reaching a maximum followed by progression of pathology.BackgroundAβ accumulation is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the accumulation does not correlate with cognitive decline, unlike the rates of glucose metabolism.StrategyWe compared averaged and individual estimates of regional binding potentials of [11C]Pittsburgh compound B to regionally averaged and individual values of metabolism of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in brain regions of volunteers with AD.SignificanceThe claim explains the cognitive decline in some patients at a significantly lower level of Aβ deposition than in other patients, as well as the presence of cognitively healthy individuals with high Aβ accumulation. With further support of the hypothesis, the significance of Aβ accumulation in brains of patients with AD may require revision.
Dual Honeycomb‐Superlattice Enables Double‐High Activity and Reversibility of Anion Redox for Sodium‐Ion Battery Layered Cathodes
Authors: Wang Qi , Liao Yuxin , Jin Xin , Cheng Chen , Chu Shiyong , Sheng Chuanchao , Zhang Liang , Hu Bingwen , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnion redox contributes to the anomalous capacity exceeding the theoretical limit of layered oxides. However, double‐high activity and reversibility is challenging due to the structural rearrangement and potential oxygen loss. Here, we propose a strategy for constructing a dual honeycomb‐superlattice structure in Na2/3[Li1/7Mn5/14][Mg1/7Mn5/14]O2 to simultaneously realize high activity and reversibility of lattice O redox. Theoretical simulation and electrochemical tests show that [Li1/7Mn5/14] superlattice units remarkably trigger the anion redox activity and enable the delivery of a record capacity of 285.9 mA g−1 in layered sodium‐ion battery cathodes. Nuclear magnetic resonance and in situ X‐ray diffraction reveal that [Mg1/7Mn5/14] superlattice units are beneficial to the structure and anion redox reversibility, where Li+ reversibly shuttles between Na layers and transition‐metal slabs in contrast to the absence of [Mg1/7Mn5/14] units. Our findings underline the importance of multifunctional units and provide a path to advanced battery materials.
Eu2P2S6: The First Rare‐Earth Chalcogenophosphate Exhibiting Large Second‐Harmonic Generation Response and High Laser‐Induced Damage Threshold
Authors: Huang Xiao , Yang Si‐Han , Li Xiao‐Hui , Liu Wenlong , Guo Sheng‐Ping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetal chalcogenophosphates are receiving increasing interest, specifically as promising infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) candidates. Here, a rare‐earth chalcogenophosphate Eu2P2S6 crystallizing in the monoclinic noncentrosymmetric space group Pn was synthesized using a high‐temperature solid‐state method. Its structure features isolated [P2S6]4− dimer, and two types of EuS8 bicapped triangular prisms. Eu2P2S6 exhibits a phase‐matchable second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response ≈0.9×AgGaS2@2.1 μm, and high laser‐induced damage threshold of 3.4×AgGaS2, representing the first rare‐earth NLO chalcogenophosphate. The theoretical calculation result suggests that the SHG response is ascribed to the synergetic contribution of [P2S6]4− dimers and EuS8 bicapped triangular prisms. This work provides not only a promising high‐performance infrared NLO material, but also opens the avenue for exploring rare‐earth chalcogenophosphates as potential IR NLO materials.
Functionalizable and Chemically Recyclable Thermoplastics from Chemoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Bio‐renewable Bifunctional α‐Methylene‐δ‐valerolactone
Authors: Li Jiandong , Liu Fusheng , Liu Yalei , Shen Yong , Li Zhibo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is a highly attractive strategy to develop chemically recyclable polymers to establish a circular plastic economy. Despite the recent advancements, chemically recyclable polymers still face challenges including high energy cost for polymer preparation or recycling, poor monomer recovery selectivity and efficiency as well as undesired material performance. In this contribution, we present the chemoselective controlled ring‐opening polymerization of bio‐renewable bifunctional α‐methylene‐δ‐valerolactone (MVL) to produce exclusive functionalizable polyester using strong base/urea binary catalysts. The obtained polyester with high molar mass exhibits good tensile strength comparable to that of some commodity plastics. Remarkably, the obtained polyester can be depolymerized to recover pristine monomer with a 96 % yield by thermolysis, thus successfully establishing a closed‐loop life cycle.
Aminal‐Linked Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Framework for Rapid Photocatalytic Decontamination of Mustard‐Gas Simulant
Authors: Wang Qian‐You , Liu Jing , Cao Man , Hu Jia‐Hua , Pang Rui , Wang Shan , Asad Muhammad , Wei Yong‐Li , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are appealing photocatalysts for toxic chemical degradation. Great efforts have been devoted to regulate the photocatalytic performance of COFs by tuning their organic building blocks, but the relationship between COF linkage and photochemical properties has rarely been explored. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterisation of a novel aminal‐linked porphyrinic COF, namely Por‐Aminal‐COF. Por‐Aminal‐COF (0.25 mol %) showed excellent photocatalytic activity toward the detoxification of the sulfur mustard simulant with a half‐life (t1/2) of 5 min, which is far lower than that of traditional imine‐linked Por‐COF (t1/2=16 min). Transient absorption spectroscopy indicated that the aminal linkages of Por‐Aminal‐COF facilitated the intersystem crossing process. Thus, Por‐Aminal‐COF showed higher triplet‐state generation efficiency compared with Por‐COF, consequently promoting the activation of oxygen molecular to singlet oxygen.
Inducing Ring Complexation for Efficient Capture and Detection of Small Gaseous Molecules Using SERS for Environmental Surveillance
Authors: Nguyen Lam Bang Thanh , Leong Yong Xiang , Koh Charlynn Sher Lin , Leong Shi Xuan , Boong Siew Kheng , Sim Howard Yi Fan , Phan‐Quang Gia Chuong , Phang In Yee , Ling Xing Yi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGas‐phase surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) remains challenging due to poor analyte affinity to SERS substrates. The reported use of capturing probes suffers from concurrent inconsistent signals and long response time due to the formation of multiple potential probe–analyte interaction orientations. Here, we demonstrate the use of multiple non‐covalent interactions for ring complexation to boost the affinity of small gas molecules, SO2and NO2, to our SERS platform, achieving rapid capture and multiplex detection down to 100 ppm. Experimental and in‐silico studies affirm stable ring complex formation, and kinetic investigations reveal a 4‐fold faster response time compared to probes without stable ring complexation capability. By synergizing spectral concatenation and support vector machine regression, we achieve 91.7 % accuracy for multiplex quantification of SO2and NO2in excess CO2, mimicking real‐life exhausts. Our platform shows immense potential for on‐site exhaust and air quality surveillance.
Unveiling the Proton‐Feeding Effect in Sulfur‐Doped Fe−N−C Single‐Atom Catalyst for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Chen Shanyong , Li Xiaoqing , Kao Cheng‐Wei , Luo Tao , Chen Kejun , Fu Junwei , Ma Chao , Li Hongmei , Li Ming , Chan Ting‐Shan , Liu Min 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeteroatom‐doping in metal‐nitrogen‐carbon single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is considered a powerful strategy to promote the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), but the origin of enhanced catalytic activity is still elusive. Here, we disclose that sulfur doping induces an obvious proton‐feeding effect for CO2RR. The model SAC catalyst with sulfur doping in the second‐shell of FeN4 (Fe1−NSC) was verified by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Fe1−NSC exhibits superior CO2RR performance compared to sulfur‐free FeN4 and most reported Fe‐based SACs, with a maximum CO Faradaic efficiency of 98.6 % and turnover frequency of 1197 h−1. Kinetic analysis and in situ characterizations confirm that sulfur doping accelerates H2O activation and feeds sufficient protons for promoting CO2 conversion to *COOH, which is also corroborated by the theoretical results. This work deepens the understanding of the CO2RR mechanism based on SAC catalysts.
Population genomics reveal low differentiation and complex demographic histories in a highly fragmented and endangered freshwater mussel
Authors: Gladstone Nicholas S. , Garrison Nicole L. , Lane Tim , Johnson Paul D. , Garner Jeffrey , Whelan Nathan V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Freshwater mussels are an important element of freshwater biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services. However, mussels are among the most imperilled groups of organisms in the world. Although research has increased in recent years, information about range‐wide genetic diversity and historical demography of most species is lacking. One such species is Cumberlandian combshell Epioblasma brevidens, which is listed as endangered under the US Endangered Species Act.
Genetic diversity of E. brevidens was analysed using a high‐resolution RADseq approach and included the previously overlooked Bear Creek population. Hypotheses were tested about population decline, comparative genetic diversity and population structure with model‐based approaches enabled by a genome‐scale dataset.
Estimates of genetic differentiation among populations of E. brevidens were lower than past analyses, suggesting higher historical population connectivity than previously known. Demographic analyses indicate relatively recent splits among E. brevidens populations in the late Pleistocene to early Holocene, with clear founder effects in two populations. The Clinch River population has the highest genetic diversity and effective population size, despite demographic analyses revealing decline of this population since the Pleistocene. Analyses of both population structure and migration show evidence of past gene flow, but all populations are currently isolated by artificial barriers.
Analyses indicate that populations began to decline before industrialization, but fragmentation and population extirpation has been exacerbated by modern habitat destruction. Relatively high genetic diversity in the Bear Creek population indicates that water quality improvements in the last 20 years have had a positive impact on population viability, offering promise for targeted management actions. In contrast, the Big South Fork population that has been presumed stable showed low genetic diversity and effective population size. Furthermore, genetic structure among sampled populations indicates that reintroduction efforts should use broodstock from as close to the reintroduction site as possible.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel hybrid compounds between 1,4‐benzodioxane and imidazolium salts
Authors: Liu Zhengfen , Zhang Yaguan , Dong Jianwei , Fang Yongsheng , Jiang Yonggang , Yang Xiaodong , Cheng Feixiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of novel hybrid compounds between 1,4‐benzodioxane and imidazolium salts was designed and prepared. The compounds were evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumor cell lines (K562, SMMC‐7721, and A‐549). The structure–activity relationship results demonstrated that the 2‐methyl‐benzimidazole or 5,6‐dimethyl‐benzimidazole ring and substitution of the imidazolyl‐3‐position with a 4‐phenylphenacyl substituent were critical for promoting cytotoxic activity. Particularly, compound 25 was found to be the most potent compound with IC50 values of 1.06–8.31 μM against the three human tumor cell lines and exhibited higher selectivity to K562 and SMMC‐7721 cells with IC50 values 4.5‐ and 4.7‐fold lower than cisplatin. Moreover, compound 25 inhibited cell proliferation by inducing the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SMMC‐7721 cells.
Investigation of quinolone‐tethered aminoguanidine as novel antibacterial agents
Authors: Angula Klaudia T. , Legoabe Lesetja J. , Jordaan Audrey , Warner Digby F. , Beteck Richard M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA recent study identified quinolone‐based thiosemicarbazone with an MIC90 value of 2 µM against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Herein, we report further optimization of the previous hit, which led to the discovery of quinolone‐tethered aminoguanidine molecules with generally good antitubercular activity. Compounds 7f and 8e emerged as the hits of the series with submicromolar antitubercular activity, exhibiting MIC90 values of 0.49/0.90 and 0.49/0.60 µM, respectively, in the 7H9 CAS GLU Tx medium. This shows a fivefold increase in antitubercular activity compared to the previous study. Target compounds were also screened against ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens. However, the series generally exhibited poor antibacterial activities, with only compounds 8d and 8e demonstrating >50% growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 32 µg/ml. The compounds displayed selective antitubercular activity as they showed no cytotoxicity effects against two noncancerous human cell lines. In silico studies predict 7f to have good solubility, no inhibitory effect on cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, and to be a non‐pan‐assay interfering compound.
Ginkgo biloba in the management of the COVID‐19 severity
Authors: Al‐kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Kaushik Ajeet , Kujawska Małgorzata , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is linked with inflammatory disorders and the development of oxidative stress in extreme cases. Therefore, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant drugs may alleviate these complications. Ginkgo biloba L. folium extract (EGb) is a herbal medicine containing various active constituents. This review aims to provide a critical discussion on the potential role of EGb in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The antiviral effect of EGb is mediated by different mechanisms, including blocking SARS‐CoV‐2 3‐chymotrypsin‐like protease that provides trans‐variant effectiveness. Moreover, EGb impedes the development of pulmonary inflammatory disorders through the diminution of neutrophil elastase activity, the release of proinflammatory cytokines, platelet aggregation, and thrombosis. Thus, EGb can attenuate the acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID‐19. In conclusion, EGb offers the potential of being used as adjuvant antiviral and symptomatic therapy. Nanosystems enabling targeted delivery, personalization, and booster of effects provide the opportunity for the use of EGb in modern phytotherapy.
A HBDI‐Based Fluorescent Probe for Labeling Endoplasmic Reticulum in Living Cells
Authors: Ruan Nanan , Yu Xiang , Li Huan , Wang Yang , Huang Chusen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle in eukaryotic cells and is closely involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins, as well as the storage, regulation, and release of calcium. A series of signaling pathways within the ER play a crucial part in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer. Thus, it is necessary to design ER‐targeting probes to monitor these signaling pathways. Additionally, precision medicine also requires new ER‐targeting group to facilitate the delivery of drug cargoes to the ER. However, only a limited number of ER‐targeting groups have been used for the design of fluorescent probes for ER imaging in living cells, as well as the development of ER‐targeted drug delivery systems. Herein, a new ER‐targeting fluorescent probe (BDI‐ER) was designed and prepared. BDI‐ER contains the hydrophilic fluorophore, derived from the core structure of GFP, and two hydrophobic octadecane chains. The amphipathic nature of BDI‐ER facilitates localization in the ER. Live cell imaging demonstrated selective localization of BDI‐ER towards ER compared to other organelles. Additionally, co‐localization imaging in various cell lines indicate that BDI‐ER is effective at targeting the ER.
A pattern‐based controller for a class of production processes with input delay
Authors: Wang Mushu , Pan Weigang , Lu Yanrong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor the problem of stabilizing a non‐Newton mechanical system with input delay, a pattern‐based state‐feedback controller is proposed. At the beginning of the paper, pattern‐based dynamic description is introduced, and a discrete‐time state‐space model with input delay (DSMID) is obtained from the description method. Then based on the DSMID, an augmentation state‐space model without input delay is built by using the lifting technique. A stabilization method is put forward, and the relationship between stability and the feature of output‐class partition is given. At last, two simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.