bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐performance liquid chromatography quantitative analysis of ephedrine alkaloids in Ephedrae Herba on a perfluorooctyl stationary phase
Authors: Song Chunying , Yu Dongping , Jin Gaowa , Ding Junjie , Zhou Han , Guo Zhimou , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEphedrae Herba is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines, and it has been shown that most of the clinical efficacy for cold and asthma is exerted by its alkaloidal components. A simple and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed using a perfluorooctyl column for the simultaneous determination of five alkaloids (norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and methylephedrine) in Ephedrae Herba. The mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and 15 mM ammonium trifluoroacetate was used to elute the targets in isocratic elution mode. The method was validated for linearity (R2 > 0.999), repeatability, intraday and interday precision, recoveries with trueness (93.87–110.99%), limits of detection (5.35–5.76 µg/mL), and limits of quantification (20 µg/mL). The quantitative results revealed that the developed method was precise and accurate. Then it was successfully applied to determine the difference in the contents of three batches of Ephedrae Herba from three pharmaceutical companies.
Disease and secondary sexual traits: effects of pneumonia on horn size of bighorn sheep
Authors: Martin Alynn M. , Hogg John T. , Manlove Kezia R. , LaSharr Tayler N. , Shannon Justin M. , McWhirter Doug E. , Miyasaki Hollie , Monteith Kevin L. , Cross Paul C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSecondary sexual traits (e.g., horns and antlers) have ecological and evolutionary importance and are of management interest for game species. Yet, how these traits respond to emerging threats like infectious disease remains underexplored. Infectious pneumonia threatens bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations across North America and we hypothesized it may also reduce horn growth in male sheep. We assess the effect of pneumonia on horn size in male bighorn sheep using 12 herd datasets from across the western United States that had horn growth and disease data. Disease resulted in 12–35% reduction in increment (yearly) length and 3–13% reduction in total horn length in exposed individuals. The disease effect was prolonged when pathogens continued to circulate in sheep populations. Further, disease likely delays the age at which horns reach ¾‐curl and prevents achievement of full‐curl. This is further evidenced with 6 of the 12 herds experiencing an increase in average age at harvest following die‐off events.
Incidence of Head and Neck Cancer With Lung Cancer Screening: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jassal Japnam S. , Grauer Jordan S. , Cramer John D. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the incidence of head and neck cancers (HNC) in high‐risk current and/or former smokers with screening low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) chest versus chest x‐ray (CXR).Study DesignSecond analysis of randomized clinical trial.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis examining the incidence of HNC in the National Lung Screening Trial. This was a randomized trial comparing LDCT versus CXR screening for lung cancer detection in high‐risk individuals (30 pack‐year smokers who currently smoke or quit within the last 15 years, aged 55–74). We compared the incidence of HNC in participants screened with LDCT versus CXR. We performed subgroup analyses in participants with mucosal HNC (oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx, nasal/sinus cavity, or nasopharynx) or nonmucosal HNC (thyroid or salivary gland) and examined survival in the two screening arms.ResultsThis trial enrolled 53,452 participants with a median follow‐up of 6.2 years after randomization. The incidence of HNC was 111.8 cases per 100,000 person‐years in the LDCT group versus 87.1 cases per 100,000 person‐years in the CXR group (rate ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.61). There were 11.7 deaths from HNC per 100,000 person‐years in the LDCT group and 12.9 deaths per 100,000 person‐years in the CXR group (hazard ratio 0.80, 95% CI 0.42–1.52).ConclusionsParticipants screened with LDCT had a modestly higher incidence of HNC. As uptake and adherence of lung cancer screening guidelines improve, clinicians should recognize that incidental findings from screening may lead to increased detection of HNC.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1609–1614, 2022
Are journal archiving and embargo policies impeding the success of India's open access policy?
Authors: Koley Moumita , Lala Kanchan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIndia's primary science funding agencies, the Department of Science & Technology, and the Department of Biotechnology (DST & DBT) together formulated an open access (OA) policy in 2014. This policy mandates immediate self‐archival of research articles generated from publicly funded research across all the institutions in suitable repositories. But with inadequate infrastructure and awareness, the OA mandate did not flourish as expected. This paper aims to understand whether journal policies impede the prospect of DST‐DBT OA policy and the possible routes to achieve policy compliance. The analysis presented in this paper tracks down the journal self‐archiving policies of the top 50 popular journals (among Indian authors) from each of the six STEM fields—Biology, Chemistry, Clinical‐Medicine, Engineering, Materials science, and Physics. The results show that most journals have an embargo of 12–24 months on self‐archiving of the post‐print (final author version after peer‐review), which contradicts the DST‐DBT OA mandate. The study also reveals that hybrid journals dominate, and article processing charges craft a new form of inequity for Indian STEM researchers. We expect that these findings will be helpful for the funding agencies to restructure their policies, and negotiate with journal publishers to resolve the contradictions.
Persistent foramen of Huschke: Presentation, evaluation, and management
Authors: Macielak Robert J. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Fillmore W. Jonathan , Lane John I. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveDescribe the presentation and management strategy for patients with symptomatic foramen of Huschke (FH).PatientsAdults with persistent FH confirmed on imaging.InterventionsDiagnosis and management of symptomatic persistent FH.Main outcome measureResolution of otologic symptoms.ResultsA total of four patients with symptomatic, radiographically‐confirmed persistent FH were included. The majority of patients endorsed otalgia (n = 4) and otorrhea (n = 3), and only one patient was noted to have a conductive hearing loss. All patients were noted to have dynamic movement of an external auditory canal mass with mandible manipulation on examination, and all patients had an identifiable fistula on imaging. Patients underwent surgical intervention, including both preauricular (n = 2) and transcanal (n = 2) approaches, and all endorsed symptomatic resolution after convalescence.ConclusionsPersistent FH remains an uncommon and potentially underrecognized cause of otologic symptoms. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, and one must rely on both key examination findings and imaging to confirm this diagnosis. In appropriately selected patients, surgical intervention can provide durable symptomatic resolution.Level of evidenceIV
AGauss–Newtoninversion method based on prior back‐projection information for inverse scattering problems
Authors: Chen Wei , Du Liuge , Zhao Jia , HuYan Siteng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGauss–Newton inversion (GNI) method uses a microwave imaging system to reconstruct the dielectric properties of the target area with high accuracy. But the computational complexity of this method increases significantly as the target area and imaging resolution increase. At present, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used in some researches to provide prior information for GNI algorithm to decrease computational complexity. However, these methods cannot be achieved by microwave imaging system. In this letter, a fast and high‐precision imaging approach combining back‐projection (BP) algorithm with GNI algorithm by using the same set of microwaves equipment is proposed. The size of reconstructed area is reduced and a more suitable initial value is predetermined according to the prior information provided by BP fast imaging algorithm. The permittivity distribution of the target area is then reconstructed by GNI algorithm. Numerical simulations are presented to verify that the use of BP prior information improves the real‐time performance and accuracy of the whole algorithm.
Optimization of magnetization transfer contrast for EPI FLAIR brain imaging
Authors: Demir Serdest , Clifford Bryan , Lo Wei‐Ching , Tabari Azadeh , Goncalves Filho Augusto Lio M. , Lang Min , Cauley Stephen F. , Setsompop Kawin , Bilgic Berkin , Lev Michael H. , Schaefer Pamela W. , Rapalino Otto , Huang Susie Y. , Hilbert Tom , Feiweier Thorsten , Conklin John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of magnetization transfer (MT) on brain tissue contrast in turbo‐spin‐echo (TSE) and EPI fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, and to optimize an MT‐prepared EPI FLAIR pulse sequence to match the tissue contrast of a clinical reference TSE FLAIR protocol.MethodsFive healthy volunteers underwent 3T brain MRI, including single slice TSE FLAIR, multi‐slice TSE FLAIR, EPI FLAIR without MT‐preparation, and MT‐prepared EPI FLAIR with variations of the MT‐preparation parameters, including number of preparation pulses, pulse amplitude, and resonance offset. Automated co‐registration and gray matter (GM) versus white matter (WM) segmentation was performed using a T1‐MPRAGE acquisition, and the GM versus WM signal intensity ratio (contrast ratio) was calculated for each FLAIR acquisition.ResultsWithout MT preparation, EPI FLAIR showed poor tissue contrast (contrast ratio = 0.98), as did single slice TSE FLAIR. Multi‐slice TSE FLAIR provided high tissue contrast (contrast ratio = 1.14). MT‐prepared EPI FLAIR closely approximated the contrast of the multi‐slice TSE FLAIR images for two combinations of the MT‐preparation parameters (contrast ratio = 1.14). Optimized MT‐prepared EPI FLAIR provided a 50% reduction in scan time compared to the reference TSE FLAIR acquisition.ConclusionOptimized MT‐prepared EPI FLAIR provides comparable brain tissue contrast to the multi‐slice TSE FLAIR images used in clinical practice.
A study on accuracy and precision of fluid volume measurements by nurses, patients and healthy persons in a clinical setting
Authors: Michelsen Charlotte Frydenlund , Svendsen Morten Bo Søndergaard , Bagger Marie Lommer , Konradsen Hanne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the accuracy and precision for assessing fluid intake by examining the ability of nurses, patients and healthy people to visually estimate fluid volumes, thereby reflecting the fluid monitoring process in clinical practice.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study used the convenience sampling method and involved twenty‐five participants from three groups; nurses, patients and healthy people. The participants carried out a set of different visual volume assessments of two types of fluids using two fluid containers. The exact volumes were measured, and the results were compared with the target volumes.ResultsHigh variations were observed in the fluid volume assessments for patients, nurses and healthy persons and also were observed to be an effect of environmental factors (fluid container or fluid type) on volume perceptions. This highlights the importance of finding new and innovative ways of measuring fluids for oral intake in a hospital setting, to ensure accurate and reliable data on fluid balance and thereby increase patient safety.
Advances in the use of electrospinning as a promising technique for obtaining nanofibers to guide epithelial wound healing in diabetics—Mini‐review
Authors: da Costa Pamela Roberta Alves , de Menezes Lívia Rodrigues , Dias Marcos Lopes , da Silva Emerson Oliveira 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiabetes is one of the chronic diseases that most affect the world population, and it is estimated that in a few years it will progressively increase. It can appear at any stage of life, being Type I most common in childhood and Type II in adulthood, but both are related to hyperglycemia. Studies show that physical inactivity, obesity, and poor eating habits can influence the onset and/or worsening of Type II diabetes. Among the complications that diabetics may develop are amputations, these are caused due to the neuropathy that the diabetic develops and ends up losing sensitivity when injured. Consequently, the wounds often become infected ulcers and the tissue dies, leading the patient to undergo surgical procedures for tissue removal. To try to prevent wounds from becoming ulcers and/or to reduce the percentage of amputations, researchers have been using the electro‐spinning technique to form nanofibers. The fibers when electrospun have nanofiber morphology and one of the characteristics of these is the volume/area ratio in which positively increases the properties of the fibers. These are being widely used in tissue engineering as they have been shown to be effective in tissue regeneration. In addition, they prove to be promising in the biomedical area for modified drug release. Polymers such as poly (ε‐caprolactone), poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid), gum tragacanth, among others, are gaining ground in the scientific field to produce nanofibers incorporating some antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory agent. For treating diabetic wounds, preventing amputation processes and an improvement in the quality of life. The aim of this paper is to review the use of the electrospinning technique to aid the healing of diabetic wounds in the scientific literature.
Preparation and characterization of thermal‐ and light‐triggered self‐healing azobenzene polymer
Authors: Xue Xiaoqiang , Liang Kang , Wang Xuezi , Huang Wenyan , Yang Hongjun , Jiang Li , Jiang Qimin , Jiang Bibiao , Komarneni Sridhar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBoth temperature‐ and light‐triggered self‐healing azobenzene polymer was successfully synthesized via radical copolymerization of 4‐(furan‐maleimide ethyl) methyl methacrylate (MMA‐FMI), 4′‐(oxyhexyl methacrylate)‐4‐(oxyfuran‐2‐carbomethoxy) azobenzene (MMA‐FAzo) and 6‐(4′‐methoxy‐4‐oxyazobenzene)‐hexyl methacrylate at 50°C. The structure of the polymer was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Interestingly, furan and maleimide thermally reversible groups were introduced into the polymer. After the furan rings on the MMA‐FMI were removed at high temperatures, the exposed maleimide groups were further added with the furan rings on the MMA‐FAzo to form a crosslinked network. The crosslinked polymer film was still soluble in the anisole after heating, which could further illustrate the thermal reversibility of the polymer film and realized the recyclability and reworkability of the side‐chain azobenzene polymer. 1H‐NMR could prove that the crosslinked polymer was completely decrosslinked and the polymer was thermoreversible. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra showed rapid photoisomerization of the polymer, and surface‐relief grating formed on the crosslinked PAzo film was also investigated using illumination from a linearly polarized Kr+ laser beam. The surface modulation depth and grating spacing were about 149 nm, and 1.7 μm, respectively. What is more, the polarized light microscopy showed that the crosslinked polymer film could be self‐repaired under the combined action of UV light and heating.
Amorphous polyamide m‐xylylenediamine‐adipic acid‐isophthalic acid copolymer (MXD6I): Evaluation of oxygen barrier property and free volume in high humidity condition
Authors: Yamanaka Masaki , Muraya Takahiro , Oda Takahumi , Saegusa Nobuya , Watanabe Ryota , Hagihara Hideaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo get insights into the excellent gas‐barrier properties of amorphous polyamide m‐xylylenediamine‐adipic acid‐isophthalic acid copolymer (MXD6I), free‐volume hole size and thermophysical properties of MXD6I were evaluated. The results from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) showed that the free‐volume hole size of MXD6I—which was estimated from the ortho‐positronium (o‐Ps) lifetime and o‐Ps intensity—remained almost unchanged even with a high water‐absorption rate. This indicates that no significant structural changes occurred in MXD6I. In contrast, the free‐volume hole size of the semicrystalline polyamide MXD6 significantly increased due to water absorption. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of MXD6I decreased due to water absorption, but it remained higher than the ambient temperature. The molecular motion of MXD6I is likely to be limited even under high humidity conditions; therefore, nanoscale structural changes such as crystallization are unlikely. We found that the stable gas‐barrier properties of MXD6I can be attributed to its amorphous nature and a high Tg even in a water‐saturated state.
A comprehensive review on polymer composites in railway applications
Authors: Jagadeesh Praveenkumara , Puttegowda Madhu , Oladijo Oluseyi Philip , Lai Chin Wei , Gorbatyuk Sergey , Matykiewicz Danuta , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe main challenging things in railway vehicles are to reduce the consumption of energy for transportation and to decrease the emission of harmful gasses by limiting the consumption of fuel sources. These drawbacks can be overcome by lightweight structures designed for the vehicle bodies and frameworks. The composite materials with fiber reinforcements are the preferred choice for manufacturing lightweight structures to reduce the overall weight of the rail vehicle. The fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials possess light‐weightiness, high strength, high stiffness value and are more durable in nature. The researchers are continuously putting their efforts into new innovations in concern towards the replacement of existing conventional materials by FRP composites in railway applications. This review focuses on the overview of FRP composites, the role of composites in past rail vehicles, the rail vehicle component selection and methodology and FRP composites used for various railway components manufacturing with their challenges. Also, this review included the data of FRP composites used in various countries for different railway components applications. Hence, this review is beneficial for the upcoming researchers as a foundation literature to work on railway vehicle applications using variety of FRP materials. Moreover, the challenges are quoted in this review through the comprehensive analysis of literature and hence it provides the information in the form of research gap, so that it would be helpful for the researchers to overcome all the challenges in their upcoming research works.
Evolving channeling in prescribing SGLT‐2 inhibitors as first‐line treatment for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shin HoJin , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Glynn Robert J. , Patorno Elisabetta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i) are increasingly being considered as first‐line treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The benefits of SGLT‐2i from cardiovascular outcome trials may lead to preferential prescribing of SGLT‐2i to patients at high cardiovascular risk, possibly causing confounding in non‐randomized studies of SGLT‐2i as first‐line treatment. We assessed evolving imbalances in characteristics of patients starting SGLT‐2i versus metformin as first‐line monotherapy.MethodsUsing claims data from two US commercial health insurance and Medicare, we identified patients with T2D aged ≥18 years (>65 years in Medicare) initiating first‐line SGLT‐2i or metformin from 2013 through 2019. Standardized differences (SDs) for patient characteristics were assessed during four consecutive calendar time blocks (T1:4/2013‐12/2014; T2:1/2015‐6/2016; T3:7/2016‐12/2017; and T4:1/2018‐12/2019). We also estimated the propensity score of receiving SGLT‐2i versus metformin within each time block and evaluated time trends in model discrimination with c‐statistics.ResultsWe identified 9113 initiators of first‐line SGLT‐2i and 810 348 initiators of first‐line metformin. During T1, SGLT‐2i initiators were younger (SD = −0.24) and less likely to have seen cardiologists (−0.07) with a similar prevalence of CVD (0.04) compared with metformin. During T4, patients were more balanced for age (−0.01). Cardiologist visits (0.08) and CVD (0.25) became more prevalent among SGLT‐2i initiators.ConclusionsWhen comparing initiators of first‐line SGLT‐2i versus metformin, imbalances in patient characteristics evolved from 2013 through 2019, particularly channeling SGLT‐2i to individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Evolving channeling in prescribing first‐line SGLT‐2i should be expected and accounted for in non‐randomized comparative effectiveness research.
Responding to healthcare distrust among underserved communities: Phase II
Authors: Webb Hooper Monica , Mitchell Charlene , Marshall Vanessa J. , Cheatham Chesley , Austin Kristina , Sanders Kimberly , Grafton Lena L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveMedical distrust is both a psychosocial construct and an underappreciated individual social determinant of health with the potential to affect oncology care and clinical trial participation. A community‐based participatory research effort, called the Forward Movement Project (FMP), identified multilevel factors affecting trust for healthcare and research in an underserved urban community. In FMP Phase II, we implemented a community‐responsive approach to provide lay‐oriented education and address misinformation, with the goal of beginning to remediate distrust for healthcare systems and biomedical research.MethodsCommunity residents (N = 154 adults, 64% male, M = 61.5 years old, 53% annual income <$10,000, 83% African American/Black) engaged in participant‐driven dialogues with oncology clinicians/clinical researchers and support services professionals. A program evaluation focused on trust for healthcare and biomedical research.ResultsParticipants reported positive evaluations of both the program and the cancer center clinicians and staff, who were rated as trustworthy (80% strong agreement). However, trust for healthcare systems (“Strongly agree” = 58%) and medical researchers (“Strongly agree” = 50%) following the program was moderate. Over half of the sample (52%) strongly agreed they would participate in a clinical trial compared to before joining this study.ConclusionFindings supported the user‐generated program approach. The FMP is an example of a model for true community engaged research and has implications for rebuilding trust in healthcare and research.