bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective RET inhibitors shift the treatment pattern of RET fusion-positive NSCLC and improve survival outcomes
Authors: Lu Chang , Wei Xue-Wu , Zhang Yi-Chen , Chen Zhi-Hong , Xu Chong-Rui , Zheng Ming-Ying , Yang Jin-Ji , Zhang Xu-Chao , Zhou Qing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Rearranged during transfection (RET) fusions are important genetic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Selective RET inhibitors are setting a new paradigm in RET-driven NSCLC. However, the real-world treatment patterns, outcomes and toxicity remain largely unknown.

Methods
Data from RET fusion-positive NSCLC patients treated in our centre were retrospectively analysed. Of them, patients diagnosed before and after August 2018 were included in analysis of treatment patterns; and patients received selective RET inhibitors were eligible for analysis of adverse events (AEs).

Results
Patients diagnosed before August 2018 (n = 30) predominantly received chemotherapy and immunotherapy (83%) as initial therapy, while patients diagnosed after August 2018 (n = 39) mainly received selective RET inhibitors (38.5% at first-line; 50.0% at second-line). In the total 69 patients, overall survival (OS) was prolonged in patients treated with selective RET inhibitors versus untreated patients (median 34.3 versus 17.5 months; p = 0.002) during a median follow-up of 28.7 months. But there was no difference between patients treated with immunotherapy versus untreated patients. In the 38 patients received selective RET inhibition, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.9 months. AEs ≥ grade 3 occurred in 42.1% patients and were not associated with PFS (p = 0.63) or OS (p = 0.60). Haematological toxicity ≥ grade 3 occurred in 31.6% patients and was the leading cause of drug discontinuation.

Conclusion
Selective RET inhibitors are increasingly being adopted into clinical practice and are associated with improved OS. However, treatment-related ≥ grade 3 AEs, especially haematologic AEs, occur frequently in real-world setting.
Gelingende Ethik-Lehre in der Medizin. Erkenntnisse aus der Lehrforschung
Authors: Michl Susanne , Katsarov Johannes , Eichinger Tobias 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Frage nach den Faktoren, die eine wirksame Ethik-Lehre in der Medizin ausmachen, blieb bislang weitgehend unbeantwortet. Vor allem im deutschsprachigen Raum wird hier zu wenig Forschung betrieben. Aufgrund fehlender wissenschaftlich aussagekräftiger Evaluationsstudien lässt sich somit mitunter nur vermuten, wie wirksam bestimmte Lehrformate und -methoden in der Ethik-Lehre tatsächlich sind. Die Auswahl von Lehrformaten und -methoden, die Ethik-Dozierende für das Erreichen eines festgelegten Lernziels einsetzen, wird häufig nicht nach evidenzbasierten Kriterien, sondern auf der Grundlage von guten oder schlechten Lehrerfahrungen sowie von unmittelbarem Feedback der Studierenden getroffen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden nach einem kurzen Überblick über Evaluationsverfahren ethischer Kompetenzen Erkenntnisse aus ausgewählten internationalen Wirksamkeitsstudien vorgestellt und auf ihre Relevanz für den Medizinethik-Unterricht diskutiert. Wenngleich die Erkenntnisse aus diesen Evaluations- und Meta-Studien aus anderen, angrenzenden Bereichen wie der Forschungsethik und anderen Lehrkontexten kommen, so können sie doch als Diskussionsanstoß dienen und dazu beitragen, Eckpunkte für die Gestaltung wirksamer Ethik-Lehre in der Medizin im deutschsprachigen Raum zu definieren.
Tracking local and regional climate im/mobilities through a multidimensional lens
Authors: Tschakert Petra , Neef Andreas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recent scholarship on climate mobilities and mobility justice calls for dynamic, relational, and agent-centered approaches to comprehend the complex decision-making that compels certain people to leave the places they call home, encourages or forces others to stay put, and acknowledges those who engage with mobile populations in host countries. Yet, these efforts fall short of advancing a coherent conceptual framework to make sense of the multifaceted, subjective, and affective aspects of climate-related movements and deliver more inclusive research agendas in the context of regional environmental change. This article aims to address this gap by introducing a multidimensional visual heuristic that we call the im/mobility cube. This framework makes it possible to systematically examine relational and intersectional struggles of mobility and (dis)placement, along three interconnected axes: the lived experiences of moving, remaining in place, and receiving mobile subjects upon arrival; the role of climate change as part of a complex web of drivers; and the consequences that mobility and immobility have on people’s lives, livelihoods, and well-being, from desirable benefits to intolerable losses. This heuristic foregrounds the embodied inequalities and often intimate kinopolitical struggles that im/mobile populations face, at the juncture of their aspirations and capabilities, complex subject-making processes, and ever shifting relations of power. As such, our conceptual lens sharpens the focus on the simultaneity and linkages of climate-driven im/mobility encounters within regional contexts and their diverse and courageous protagonists.
CR embeddings of CR manifolds
Authors: Cowling M. G. , Ganji M. , Ottazzi A. , Schmalz G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe improve results of Baouendi, Rothschild and Treves and of Hill and Nacinovich by finding a much weaker sufficient condition for a CR manifold of type (n, k) to admit a local CR embedding into a CR manifold of type $$(n+\ell ,k-\ell )$$

(
n
+
ℓ
,
k
-
ℓ
)

. While their results require the existence of a finite dimensional solvable transverse Lie algebra of vector fields, we require only a finite dimensional extension.
A simple and efficient technique for suturing and knotting during endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Chen Rongxin , Liu Shu , Jiang Aixin , Wumaier Aizezi , Yang Yuanxia , Yu Xinyue , Meng Ziwei , Mao Yuxiang , Liang Xuanwei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluated the long-term outcomes of endoscopic suturing and knotting-dacryocystorhinostomy (eSK-DCR) without the use of a stent or mitomycin C.

Methods
A prospective interventional case series was performed on patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) who underwent eSK-DCR at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from October 2019 to December 2019. The surgeon sutured the lacrimal sac mucosa with the nasal mucosa by tying knots under endoscopic DCR. Subject demographics, preoperative data and postoperative data were collected, including clinical presentation, Munk score for epiphora, surgical indications, operation time, duration of knotting, number of knots, endoscopic ostium size, complications, and anatomical and functional success. Anatomic success was defined as patent ostium on lacrimal irrigation, and functional success was defined as subjective improvement in symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS software (Version 20.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Results
A total of 60 patients (71 eyes) underwent pure eSK-DCR. Of these, 95.0% (57/60) were females. The mean age of the patients was 54.7 years. The mean surgical time was 37.60 min, and the average time for each knotting was 2.86 min. Endoscopic evidence found that all patients showed patent ostium and normal healing of the flaps after 4 weeks. The Munk scores dropped significantly at 6 months postoperatively compared to preoperative scores (P < 0.0001). Although 4 patients (7 eyes) were lost to follow-up at the end of the 2-year period, the anatomical and functional success remained stable during the 2-year follow-up period (anatomical, 100%; functional, 87.5%). No serious complications were detected during the follow-up period.

Conclusion
Pure eSK-DCR is a simple and reliable therapeutic method for the management of NLDO. The surgical outcomes were good and remained stable beyond 6 months postoperatively.
Entwicklung und Implementierung der Datenplattform GeMuKi-Assist im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Gemeinsam gesund: Vorsorge plus für Mutter und Kind“
Authors: John Michael , Häusler Benny , Giertz Christian , Klose Stefan , Lück Isabel , Moreira Andrea , Kuchenbecker Judith , Lorenz Laura , Krebs Franziska , Nawabi Farah , Stock Stephanie , Bau Anne-Madeleine ,   die GeMuKi-Projektgruppe
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Forschungsprojekt „Gemeinsam gesund: Vorsorge plus für Mutter und Kind“ (GeMuKi) will die fachübergreifende Gesundheitsberatung für Schwangere und junge Eltern stärken. Für die Durchführung dieser innovativen und komplexen Intervention wurde eine eigene Datenplattform (GeMuKi-Assist) mit digitalen Anwendungen für die beteiligten Fachakteure, Teilnehmerinnen und Studienkoordinatorinnen entwickelt.

Methodik
In diesem Beitrag werden die zentralen Nutzeranforderungen an die Datenplattform GeMuKi-Assist sowie ihre Integration in den Beratungsablauf und Studienprozess beschrieben. Einleitend wird die Funktionsweise der Plattform dargestellt. Im Anschluss werden erste Erfahrungen, Herausforderungen und Erfolgsfaktoren im Umgang mit der Datenplattform während ihrer Nutzung in der GeMuKi-Studie beleuchtet. Dazu wurden Fragebogenerhebungen mit den Studienkoordinatorinnen und (Telefon‑)Interviews mit Fachakteuren und Studienteilnehmerinnen durchgeführt und ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die GeMuKi-App für die Motivation der Schwangeren und jungen Mütter zur Änderung des individuellen Lebensstils wurde gut angenommen. Die Durchführung der Befragung über die App wurde von den Teilnehmerinnen positiv bewertet. Die Anforderung, das Projektteam beim Datenmanagement zu unterstützen, konnte sehr gut umgesetzt werden. Vor allem die Administrationsoberfläche für die Studienkoordinatorinnen ist als innovativ zu betrachten. Bei einigen Fachakteuren ließen sich Vorbehalte gegenüber dem Dokumentieren in zusätzlichen digitalen Datenplattformen feststellen, was mit der begrenzten zeitlichen Kapazität im Praxisalltag, mit Sicherheitsbedenken und mit einem Mangel an Erfahrung bei der Nutzung digitaler Medien zu begründen ist.

Schlussfolgerung
Durch die Implementierung und Nutzung der Datenplattform GeMuKi-Assist konnten die wesentlichen Projektanforderungen umgesetzt werden. Auf Basis der Rückmeldungen von Ärzten und medizinischen Fachakteuren wäre für zukünftige Forschungsprojekte eine tiefere Integration der Funktionen von GeMuKi-Assist in die bestehenden Praxissoftwaresysteme wünschenswert.
Music training and executive functions in adults and children: what role do hot executive functions play?
Authors: Frischen Ulrike , Schwarzer Gudrun , Degé Franziska 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExecutive functions (EFs) are a set of cognitive processes that enable us to control attention and regulate behaviour. Since music training involves these processes to a large extent, positive associations can be assumed. Previous research confirmed this assumption with some studies indicating even causal relationships. However, almost all the research focused on purely analytical processes, so-called cold EFs. By contrast, hot EFs involve processes influenced by emotion and motivation. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to investigate the relationship between music training and hot EFs and to compare these results with the better-studied cold EFs. We conducted two correlative studies with young adults (Study 1) and 9–12-year-old children (Study 2) and collected hot as well as cold executive functions in both age groups. Our results show no clear association between music training and hot EFs. However, we found an association between the age when participants started with music training and decision making. Regarding cold EFs our studies confirm previous research suggesting positive associations with music training. To better investigate the relationship between music training and hot EFs, further reliable and valid measures to capture hot EFs are needed.
Establishing a committee for antemortem reviews of suspect Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cases in Ireland
Authors: Fearon Conor , Howley Rachel , Looby Seamus , Byrne Amber , Heffernan Josephine , Heeney Ciara , Beausang Alan , Cryan Jane , Farrell Michael , O’Dowd Sean , Brett Francesca 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive, neurodegenerative disease. In Ireland, clinical diagnostics and laboratory testing remain the responsibility of the managing clinician and the Neuropathology Department at the Beaumont Hospital, respectively. Centralized review of individual cases is not undertaken.

Aims
To determine how diagnostic processes for CJD could be improved in Ireland and to outline the structure and referral process for a new CJD review panel at the Beaumont Hospital.

Methods
We surveyed Irish neurologists’ experiences on the management of CJD in Ireland. We measured turnaround times (TAT) for CSF samples referred for diagnostic CJD testing. Finally, we retrospectively reviewed imaging of autopsy-proven CJD cases to compare with initial reports.

Results
Ninety-three percent of neurologists supported a national central review of suspect CJD cases. A second clinical opinion was considered to be of likely benefit by 79%. Additionally, 93% reported that a centralized review of neuroradiology would be useful. All respondents felt that expediting turnaround of CSF analysis would be of benefit. The average TAT for CSF testing was 35.4 days. In retrospective review of imaging, all patients demonstrated MRI findings consistent with CJD. However, in only one of these cases were the initial pre-autopsy radiological findings reported as being consistent with CJD.

Conclusions
These findings support the need for improvements to the Irish National CJD Surveillance Unit to maximize antemortem diagnostic accuracy. On foot of this, a clinical CJD Multidisciplinary Team (CJD MDT) has been established to provide a second opinion on (i) the patient’s clinical history, (ii) neuroradiology and (iii) and neurophysiology reports (where available).
Die Anwendung landesinterner Wohnsitzauflagen für Asylberechtigte in Deutschland nach der sogenannten „Flüchtlingskrise“
Authors: Bäuerle Joscha F. , Bandau Frank 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungMit der Änderung des Aufenthaltsgesetzes im Juli 2016 erhielten die Bundesländer die Möglichkeit, landesinterne Wohnsitzauflagen für Asylberechtigte zu erlassen. Der Artikel geht der Frage nach, warum ein Teil der Landesregierungen in der Folgezeit von der Möglichkeit positiver Wohnsitzauflagen Gebrauch machte, während andere Länder auf dieses Instrument verzichteten. Die auf einer Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) basierende Untersuchung zeigt, dass die parteipolitische Ausrichtung der Regierung einen wichtigen Erklärungsfaktor liefert. Linksgeführte Regierungen sind notwendig, damit Asylberechtigten eine freie Wohnsitzwahl gewährt wird. Darüber hinaus kommt es in Flächenländern mit migrationskritischer Bevölkerung unter rechtsgeführten Regierungen zur Anwendung positiver Wohnsitzauflagen, nicht aber unter linksgeführten Regierungen. In diesem Fall werden Wohnsitzauflagen nur angewendet, wenn das betroffene Bundesland eine hohe Zahl an Geflüchteten aufnehmen muss. In Verbindung mit vergleichbaren Studien verdeutlichen die Befunde, dass die Forschung zu Parteieneffekten in der Migrationspolitik von der Berücksichtigung policy-spezifischer Rahmenfaktoren profitiert.
The Dutch national paediatric heart transplantation programme: outcomes during a 23-year period
Authors: Roest Stefan , van der Meulen Marijke H. , van Osch-Gevers Lennie M. , Kraemer Ulrike S. , Constantinescu Alina A. , de Hoog Matthijs , Bogers Ad J. J. C. , Manintveld Olivier C. , van de Woestijne Pieter C. , Dalinghaus Michiel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Since 1998, there has been a national programme for paediatric heart transplantations (HT) in the Netherlands. In this study, we investigated waiting list mortality, survival post-HT, the incidence of common complications, and the patients’ functional status during follow-up.

Methods
All children listed for HT from 1998 until October 2020 were included. Follow-up lasted until 1 January 2021. Data were collected from the patient charts. Survival, post-operative complications as well as the functional status (Karnofsky/Lansky scale) at the end of follow-up were measured.

Results
In total, 87 patients were listed for HT, of whom 19 (22%) died while on the waiting list. Four patients were removed from the waiting list and 64 (74%) underwent transplantation. Median recipient age at HT was 12.0 (IQR 7.2–14.4) years old; 55% were female. One-, 5‑, and 10-year survival post-HT was 97%, 95%, and 88%, respectively. Common transplant-related complications were rejections (50%), Epstein-Barr virus infections (31%), cytomegalovirus infections (25%), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (13%), and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (13%). The median functional score (Karnofsky/Lansky scale) was 100 (IQR 90–100).

Conclusion
Children who undergo HT have an excellent survival rate up to 10 years post-HT. Even though complications post-HT are common, the functional status of most patients is excellent. Waiting list mortality is high, demonstrating that donor availability for this vulnerable patient group remains a major limitation for further improvement of outcome.
Potential of storm water storage tank outflow construction in the prevention of sewerage overload
Authors: Dąbrowski Wojciech , Nowak Michał 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe impact of a storm water storage tank outflow construction on its required volume is discussed. A dimensioning of the tank by a rational method applied for small sewerage systems is presented. For large systems, subroutines should be developed to take into consideration the construction details of complex storage tanks in the software enabling real time modelling of sewerage systems. Such subroutines can be tested under simple conditions using rational methods of sewerage modelling, including the approach described in the paper. In the example discussed here for two different positions of the sewer delivering to and collecting stormwater out of the tank both the tank required volume and the outflow as a function of time visibly depended on the sewer position. This was proofed for a rectangular chamber storage tank of the same bottom surface area. However, if the bottom surface area and the storage tank height were calculated in such a way to enable the same maximum value of an outflow from the tank for two different positions of the sewer both the tank volume and the outflow as a function of time were proved to be very similar. Concluding the tank volume depends visibly on the construction of outflow, but the height of the tank can be adjusted in such a way to keep the same maximum outflow for different details of the outflow construction. After this adjustment, the volume of the tank was proved to be almost independent of the construction of outflow from the tank.
Mean nocturnal baseline impedance and endoscopic mucosal impedance measurements in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: a new tool for follow up and management?
Authors: Ilia Sergeev , Monica Velosa , Daniel Sifrim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the second most common cause of chronic esophageal inflammation after GERD, with increasing incidence and prevalence across all age groups. Since current diagnosis and follow up of EoE require endoscopy with biopsies, there is an increased interest in non or less invasive tests for its diagnosis and follow up. Baseline mucosal impedance measurement allows evaluation of mucosal barrier properties and is widely accepted as an adjunct method in GERD diagnosis. As EoE is associated with increased mucosal permeability, the use of baseline impedance to evaluate mucosal integrity has been investigated in several studies. It was found that baseline mucosal impedance, measured either during 24 h reflux monitoring or during endoscopy, was significantly lower in all parts of the esophagus in EoE patients. Impedance measurement correlated with eosinophil counts on biopsies, offering a tool to monitor treatment response. Additionally, baseline impedance patterns differed between those responding to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment and those resistant to PPI, potentially allowing to tailor future treatment to the individual patient. In summary, baseline impedance measurement offers a potential tool for diagnosis and follow up in EoE. Its exact place in EoE treatment is yet to be determined and requires further future studies.
Forty Years of Air Temperature Change over Iran Reveals Linear and Nonlinear Warming
Authors: Kazemzadeh Majid , Noori Zahra , Jamali Sadegh , Abdi Abdulhakim M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpatiotemporal analysis of long-term changes in air temperature is of prime importance for climate change research and the development of effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. Although there are considerable studies on air temperature change across the globe, most of them have been on linear trends and time series analysis of nonlinear trends have not received enough attention. Here, spatiotemporal patterns of monthly and annual mean (Tmean), maximum (Tmax), and minimum (Tmin) air temperature at 47 synoptic stations across climate zones in Iran for a 40-yr period (1978–2017) are analyzed. A polynomial fitting scheme (Polytrend) is used to both monthly and annual air temperature data to detect trends and classify them into linear and nonlinear (quadratic and cubic) categories. The significant (non-significant) trends in Tmean, Tmax, and Tmin across all climate zones are 41.1% (58.9%), 34.1% (65.9%), and 46% (54%), respectively. The highest magnitude of increasing trends is observed in the annual Tmin (0.47°C decade−1) and the lowest magnitude is for the annual Tmax (0.4°C decade−1). Across the country, increasing trends $$(\bar x = 37.2\% )$$
(

x
¯

=
37.2
%
)
have higher spatial coverage than the decreasing trends $$(\bar x = 3.2\% )$$
(

x
¯

=
3.2
%
)
. Warming trends in Tmean (65.3%) and Tmin (73.1%) are mainly observed in humid climate zone while warming trends in Tmax are in semi-arid (43.9%) and arid (34.1%) climates. Linear change with a positive trend is predominant in all Tmean (56.7%), Tmax (67.8%), and Tmin (71.2%) and for both monthly and annual data. Further, the linear trends have the highest warming rate in annual Tmin (0.83°C decade−1) and Tmean (0.46°C decade−1) whereas the nonlinear trends have the highest warming rate in annual Tmax (0.52°C decade−1). The linear trend type is predominant across the country especially in humid climate zones whereas the nonlinear trends (quadratic and cubic) are mainly observed in the arid climate zones. This study highlights nonlinear changes and spatiotemporal trends in air temperature in Iran and contributes to a growing body of climate change literature that is necessary for the development of effective mitigation and adaptation strategies in the Middle East.