bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic foraging: Understanding hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) prey item energy values and distribution within a marine protected area
Authors: Baumbach Dustin S. , Zhang Renwu , Hayes Christian T. , Wright Marsha K. , Dunbar Stephen G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbances affect the health of coral reefs worldwide and may also impact hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) foraging areas, potentially decreasing sponge numbers, while increasing macroalgae. Few studies have been conducted to understand energy content of hawksbill prey. We investigated observed (Geodia neptuni and Kallymenia limminghii) and potential (Xestospongia muta and Halimeda opuntia) hawksbill prey abundances and their energy contents in the Sandy Bay West End Marine Reserve, and related prey distribution to hawksbill distribution within the reserve. We analysed prey abundances by conducting in‐water habitat transects followed by point count analyses. In‐water hawksbill observations were recorded to provide total times turtles foraged on prey. We then measured energy content of prey types using microbomb calorimetry. Habitat assessments indicated sponges were most abundant in West Bay and West End, whereas macroalgae were most abundant in West End. Foraging observations indicated juvenile hawksbills spent more time foraging on G. neptuni (x̅ = 236.5 s) than K. limminghii (x̅ = 98.0 s) and no time foraging on either X. muta or H. opuntia. Energy content was higher for G. neptuni (4.09 kJ g−1) and K. limminghii (12.88 kJ g−1) than X. muta (2.48 kJ g−1) and H. opuntia (1.27 kJ g−1). Hawksbills were frequently observed feeding in West Bay where sponges were abundant and were also observed foraging on K. limminghii throughout this area. Fewer hawksbills were observed in West End and Sandy Bay than in West Bay, and these areas had fewer sponges compared with West Bay. Hawksbills benefit from foraging on the abundant observed sponge and macroalgae within their home ranges, allowing them to conserve energy and increase potential net energy gains from high energy prey.
Lack of leaf carbonic anhydrase activity eliminates the C4 carbon‐concentrating mechanism requiring direct diffusion of CO2 into bundle sheath cells
Authors: DiMario Robert J. , Giuliani Rita , Ubierna Nerea , Slack Aaron D. , Cousins Asaph B. , Studer Anthony J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase (CA) performs the first enzymatic step of C4 photosynthesis by catalysing the reversible hydration of dissolved CO2 that diffuses into mesophyll cells from intercellular airspaces. This CA‐catalysed reaction provides the bicarbonate used by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase to generate products that flow into the C4 carbon‐concentrating mechanism (CCM). It was previously demonstrated that the Zea mays ca1ca2 double mutant lost 97% of leaf CA activity, but there was little difference in the growth phenotype under ambient CO2 partial pressures (pCO2). We hypothesise that since CAs are among the fastest enzymes, minimal activity from a third CA, CA8, can provide the inorganic carbon needed to drive C4 photosynthesis. We observed that removing CA8 from the maize ca1ca2 background resulted in plants that had 0.2% of wild‐type leaf CA activity. These ca1ca2ca8 plants had reduced photosynthetic parameters and could only survive at elevated pCO2. Photosynthetic and carbon isotope analysis combined with modelling of photosynthesis and carbon isotope discrimination was used to determine if ca1ca2ca8 plants had a functional C4 cycle or were relying on direct CO2 diffusion to ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase within bundle sheath cells. The results suggest that leaf CA activity in ca1ca2ca8 plants was not sufficient to sustain the C4 CCM.
Ruxolitinib for the treatment of steroid refractory pediatric chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Belina Morgan E. , Driscoll Timothy A. , Blanchard Sarah K. , Cardones Adela R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) of the skin is a serious cause of long‐term morbidity and mortality among patients who receive hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Systemic corticosteroids remain first‐line treatment for cutaneous cGVHD; however, there is currently no consensus on second‐line therapy for steroid‐refractory disease. We herein present a case of a pediatric patient with severe cGVHD of the skin, nonresponsive to corticosteroids, who was successfully treated with a prolonged course of ruxolitinib with minimal side effects.
A clinicopathologic and molecular analysis of five cases of bronchiolar adenoma with rare mutations
Authors: Takeda‐Miyata Naoko , Miyagawa‐Hayashino Aya , Hamada Shinshichi , Nagamine Michiko , Fujii Tomomi , Imura Tetsuya , Tsunezuka Hiroaki , Shimomura Masanori , Yamaguchi Tadanori , Yanada Masashi , Inoue Masayoshi , Konishi Eiichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBronchiolar adenoma (BA) is a rare benign lung tumor that shows proliferation of bland bronchiolar‐type epithelium containing a continuous layer of basal cells. This tumor entity has been newly added to the recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification 5th edition. This entity encompasses a spectrum of lesions: the classic ciliated muconodular papillary tumor (CMPT) and the non‐classic CMPT. Although BA is reported to have driver mutations including BRAF V600E, EGFR, and KRAS, the molecular profile of BA is still incompletely understood. Five resected BAs at our institutions were analyzed. The BA lesions were subdivided into two groups: three proximal‐type BAs and two distal‐type BAs. NRAS codon 12/13 mutation and EML4 exon 20‐ALK exon 20 fusion were found in two of the three proximal‐types. BRAF V600E mutation was found in one of the two distal‐types. Two cases coexisted with lung adenocarcinoma, with EGFR exon 19 deletion and KRAS mutation, respectively. No recurrence was observed at a median of 12 months (range 2–84 months) of follow‐up. BA has uncommon variants of mutation seen in lung adenocarcinoma. NRAS mutation and ALK fusion partner has not been reported previously. The present cases may reinforce the distinctive biology of BA from lung adenocarcinoma.
Field studies of anthracnose symptoms and pathogen infection in different phases of the persimmon growing season
Authors: Dolinski Marcos Antonio , Carraro Thiago de Aguiar , Gorayeb Eduardo Silva , May De Mio Louise Larissa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnthracnose is the main disease of persimmon and is caused by Colletotrichum spp. The study of field epidemiology is essential for the development of efficient management of this disease. In this study, we investigated infection by Colletotrichum spp. throughout the persimmon growing season to understand the host–pathogen interactions better. We observed the production of primary inoculum of persimmon anthracnose and described how epidemics progress from secondary infections during the fruit crop season. The field study was carried out in an organic orchard with three susceptible persimmon cultivars, Fuyu, Kakimel and Jiro, for three consecutive seasons. Our results indicate that the pathogen survives in 1‐year‐old shoots, which are the sources of primary inoculum. Later that growing season, the inoculum reaches flowers and new shoots, developing symptoms and producing the secondary inoculum. Fruit drop was also observed, with or without symptoms of anthracnose, throughout the plant cycle. In some of the symptomless fruit, collected from the plant and from the ground where they had fallen, latent infections of Colletotrichum spp. were detected. Shoots, flowers, immature and ripened fruit remained infected throughout the growing season, producing conidia that could lead to new secondary infections within and among plants. The incidence of anthracnose in fruit at harvest and postharvest proved to be less relevant for disease management. Practices for chemical and cultural control of the disease throughout the persimmon growing season are discussed.
Comparison of automated total nucleated cell counts vs manual cell counts in the amniotic fluid for the classification of disease status in healthy and diseased pigs
Authors: Krogh Anne K. H. , Nguyen Duc N. , Bochsen Louise , Nielsen Lise N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn increase in the total nucleated cell count (TNCC) of amniotic fluid can detect inflammation in the amniotic cavity. Traditionally, a manual count is employed, but the technique suffers from inaccuracy and is labor intensive. Automated cell counting could enhance precision and timeliness.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyze the cell counts in the amniotic fluid of preterm pigs using an automated method and compared the results with manual cell counts. We also tested if increased TNCC is associated with an inflammatory group in a porcine model of chorioamnionitis.MethodsAmniotic fluids from 34 preterm pigs were analyzed blindly using two automatic settings of the ADVIA 2120i hematology analyzer (whole blood [WB] and cell poor [CP] settings) and manually by two observers using Neubauer chambers. Inter‐ and intra‐variability were calculated. The correlation analysis of TNCC/μL in amniotic fluid was determined between the methods, including Deming and Bland‐Altman analyses. Fischer’s exact tests compared the known health status of the pigs to the outcomes of the automatic and manual TNCC.ResultsInter‐ and intra‐observer variability of the manual TNCC were high, although the correlation of TNCC between (r = .95,P < .0001) and within observers (r = .98,P < .0001;r = .89,P < .0001) was good. Correlation between the manual and CP TNCC was moderate and significant (r = .50,P = .014). Manual and WB TNCC were not correlated. The CP (P = .003) and manual (P = .0001) analyses accurately classified the disease state of the pigs.ConclusionsAn acceptable correlation between automatic CP TNCC and manual counting was demonstrated. Both methods could accurately classify the disease state of the pigs.
Numerical Investigation on the n-Heptane Spray Flame at Hydrous Ethanol Premixed Condition
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Peng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In hydrous ethanol-diesel dual-fuel combustion modes, premixed hydrous ethanol would have an impact on the diesel combustion and soot production. In this work, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model coupled with kinetic mechanism, the influence of premixed hydrous ethanol on combustion and soot formation of n-heptane spray flame in the combustion vessel was investigated, and the influence of different parameters of premixed atmosphere on the n-heptane spray combustion was also explored. The simulation results indicated that the premixed atmosphere could inhibit the n-heptane spray combustion. The ignition delay (ID) time and the flame lift off length (FLoL) gradually increased, and the soot generation decreased with a rise of water content and ethanol premixed equivalence ratio. In addition, compared with the chemical inhibitory effect of oxygenated ethanol molecule on the ID time of n-heptane, the impact of the decrease in charge temperature caused by the hydrous ethanol vaporization on the ID time was more obvious. It could also be found with the reduction in the ambient O2 concentration, the ID time and FLOL of n-heptane increased, and the soot generation significantly reduced. However, if the initial ambient temperature was high as 1000 K, the combustion of hydrous ethanol would enhance the charge temperature, which counteracted some combustion delay effect caused by the premixed atmosphere.
Experimental Investigation of Enhanced Grooves for Herringbone Grooved Journal Bearings
Authors: Bättig Philipp K. , Wagner Patrick H. , Schiffmann Jürg A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a theoretical and experimental investigation of the potential of enhanced groove geometries to increase the bearing clearance of a Herringbone Grooved Journal Bearing (HGJB) supported rotor. The theoretical study investigates various groove geometries of different complexities and their effect on the stability threshold of a particular rotor geometry. The theoretical results obtained from a rigid-body rotordynamic model suggest an increase of more than 300% in instability onset speed when enhanced groove geometries are used compared to a classical, helically grooved rotor featuring the same radial bearing clearance. As part of the experimental investigation, one rotor shaft with classical grooves, representing the baseline rotor, and four rotors of identical diameter and clearance, but featuring enhanced grooves of varying degrees of complexity, were manufactured and experimentally tested. Good agreement between the experimentally determined speed of instability onset and the prediction was found for the investigated enhanced groove patterns. Experimental results of the classical rotor suggest the onset of instability to occur at a rotational speed of 56 krpm, whereas a speed of 180 krpm was achieved when enhanced groove geometries were applied to the rotor, which agrees very well with the theoretically predicted results and confirms the potential of enhanced groove geometries to stabilize HGJBs. Furthermore, the rotor featuring only a varying groove angle along the rotor axis was found to perform similarly to fully enhanced grooves of varying groove width, depth, and angle, hence representing a good trade-off between performance increase and design cost.
Digital Twin to Detect Nuclear Proliferation: A Case Study
Authors: Ritter Christopher , Hays Ross , Browning Jeren , Stewart Ryan , Bays Samuel , Reyes Gustavo , Schanfein Mark , Pluth Adam , Sabharwall Piyush , Kunz Ross , Shields Ashley , Koudelka John , Zohner Porter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis case study describes the development of technologies that enable digital-engineering and digital-twinning efforts in proliferation detection. The project presents a state-of-the-art approach to support International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards by incorporating diversion-pathway analysis, facility misuse, and the detection of indicators within the reactor core, applying the safeguards-by-design concept, and demonstrates its applicability as a sensitive monitoring system for advanced reactors and power plants. There are two pathways a proliferating state might take using the reactor core. One is “diversion,” where special fissionable nuclear material—i.e., Pu-239, U-233, U enriched in U-233/235—that has been declared to the IAEA is removed surreptitiously, either by taking small amounts of nuclear material over a long time (known as protracted diversion) or large amounts in a short time (known as abrupt diversion). The second pathway is “misuse,” where undeclared source material—material that can be transmuted into special fissionable nuclear material: depleted uranium, natural uranium, and thorium—is placed in the core, where it uses the neutron flux for transmutation. Digital twinning and digital engineering have demonstrated significant performance improvement and schedule reduction in the aerospace, automotive, and construction industries. This integrated modeling approach has not been fully applied to nuclear safeguards programs in the past. Digital twinning, combined with machine learning technologies, can lead to new innovations in process-monitoring detection, specifically in event classification, real-time notification, and data tampering. It represents a technological leap in evaluation and detection capability to safeguard any nuclear facility.
The Impact of Carbon Capture Storage and Utilization on Energy Efficiency, Sustainability, and Production of an Offshore Platform: Thermodynamic and Sensitivity Analyses
Authors: Allahyarzadeh Bidgoli Ali , Hamidishad Nayereh , Yanagihara Jurandir Itizo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Oil and gas production in FPSOs (floating, production, storage, and offloading) faces a dual challenge: meeting variation in energy demand while decreasing its negative environmental impact. The present article integrates thermodynamic analysis of oil and gas processing plants and screening analysis to determine the most important operational parameters to lower energy demand and increase efficiency and production. Therefore, the main goals of this study are to identify the contribution of the total effect of the operating parameters in an FPSO with CCUS (CO2 capture, utilization, and storage). Twenty-seven thermodynamic and structural design variables are selected as input parameters for the sensitivity analyses. Four machine learning-based screening analysis algorithms such as smooth spline-analysis of variance (SS-ANOVA), PAWN, gradient boosting machine (GBM), and Morris are adapted to achieve the following objectives: (1) overall power consumption of FPSO, (2) CO2 removal efficiency of carbon capture and storage (CCS), (3) power consumption of CCS, and (4) total oil production. The influence of three real crude oil compositions with variations in gas–oil ratio (GOR) and CO2 content is assessed. The combination of thermodynamic and screening analyses showed that the optimal operating pressure parameters of CCS significantly reduce the energy consumption and exergy destruction of the key main and utility plants. Furthermore, the results indicated that total power consumption, CCS efficiency, and CCS power consumption are much more sensitive to the CO2 content of the fluid reservoir than GOR, while the total oil production is influenced only by the GOR content. Finally, for scenarios with high CO2 or GOR content, the effect of design variable interactions is decisive in changing the separation efficiency and/or the compression unit performance.
Role of Adiabatic Flame Temperature on Controlling Operability of a Micromixer-Based Gas Turbine Combustor Holding Premixed Oxy-Flames for Carbon Capture
Authors: Aliyu Mansur , Nemitallah Medhat A. , Said Syed A. M. , Abdelhafez Ahmed , Mansir Ibrahim B. , Habib Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study presents an experimental and numerical investigation to determine the role of adiabatic lame temperature on controlling the operability of a micromixer-based gas turbine model combustor holding premixed CH4/CO2/O2 non-swirl jet flame for carbon capture. The experimental test rig consists of a mixing pipe and multihole/micromixer-like burner of 61 tubes. The numerical aspect of the study is achieved using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach. Models of the ansys Fluent are used to solve elliptical governing equations involved in the combustion system. Since flames under consideration are jet premixed releasing into a quiescent atmosphere, the partially premixed combustion of species model is used. Large eddy simulation (LES) is used as the turbulence model while radiative transfer equation (RTE) is solved using discrete ordinate (DO). A good agreement between experimental and numerical results is achieved. Results indicated that adiabatic flame temperature (Tad) controls the flame macrostructure, oxygen fraction (OF) controls the peak of the product formation rate rather than Tad, and positions of OH radical reaffirmed that Tad controls the flame macrostructure and increasing the OF leads to reaction rate dominancy and, hence, increases the Damkohler number.
Optimization Investment Structure on Petroleum Exploration and Development
Authors: Peng Fei , Luo Dongkun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the decision-making ability of exploration and development investment of petroleum enterprises, our study focuses on the optimization method of investment structure. First, this paper analyzed ten risk factors that are most likely encountered by oil enterprises in exploration and development investment by using Markowitz's portfolio theory. A conclusive objective function was established based on the net present value mean-variance, semivariance, and semi-absolute deviation risk model. Second, studying the link between regional exploration investment and expected reserves, trapping exploration investment and controlling reserves, evaluating exploration investment and proved reserves, the relationship model between reserve price and reserves was constructed through commercializing reserves. By studying the relationship between exploration investment and reserves, development investment and production, we used the portfolio optimization theory to establish a comprehensive model for the optimization of oil and gas multi-stage exploration and development investment structure. Third, based on the established exploration and development portfolio optimization model and the actual economic evaluation needs of oil fields, this study established the medium and long-term investment model, block equilibrium constrained investment structure optimization model, reserve replacement rate constrained investment structure optimization model, and short-term investment structure optimization models. These models provided a basis for different investment decisions of oil and gas exploration and development.
Experimental and Numerical Similitude Study Using a Novel Turbocompressor Test Facility Operating With Helium–Neon Gas Mixtures
Authors: Podeur Maxime , Vogt Damian M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A novel turbocompressor test facility has been designed for helium–neon gas mixtures, and its specific features are presented. To account for the heat transfer originating from the motor coolant, a surrogate model has been derived. By combining these results with additional numerical ones, a similitude study is conducted by quantifying the individual effects and contributions on efficiency of the Reynolds number, tip Mach number, and specific heat ratio. Decoupling the effect of the different parameters shows that their respective contribution on efficiency variation is highly correlated with the Reynolds number actual value. The negative contribution of the tip Mach number and the positive effect of Reynolds number can be used to explain the efficiency variation with the increasing tip Mach number. Specific heat ratio variation leads to minor changes in polytropic efficiency except at low tip Mach numbers.