bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Analysis of the UK ONS Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey
Authors: Rhodes Sarah , Wilkinson Jack , Pearce Neil , Mueller Will , Cherrie Mark , Stocking Katie , Gittins Matthew , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Van Tongeren Martie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable concern remains about how occupational SARS-CoV-2 risk has evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to ascertain which occupations had the greatest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore how relative differences varied over the pandemic.MethodsAnalysis of cohort data from the UK Office of National Statistics Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey from April 2020 to November 2021. This survey is designed to be representative of the UK population and uses regular PCR testing. Cox and multilevel logistic regression to compare SARS-CoV-2 infection between occupational/sector groups, overall and by four time periods with interactions, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, region, household size, urban/rural neighbourhood and current health conditions.ResultsBased on 3,910,311 observations from 312,304 working age adults, elevated risks of infection can be seen overall for social care (HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.24), education (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.39), bus and coach drivers (1.43; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.97) and police and protective services (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.62) when compared to non-essential workers. By time period, relative differences were more pronounced early in the pandemic. For healthcare elevated odds in the early waves switched to a reduction in the later stages. Education saw raises after the initial lockdown and this has persisted. Adjustment for covariates made very little difference to effect estimates.ConclusionsElevated risks among healthcare workers have diminished over time but education workers have had persistently higher risks. Long-term mitigation measures in certain workplaces may be warranted.What is already known on this topicSome occupational groups have observed increased rates of disease and mortality relating to COVID-19.What this study addsRelative differences between occupational groups have varied during different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic with risks for healthcare workers diminishing over time and workers in the education sector seeing persistent elevated risks.How this study might affect research, practice or policyIncreased long term mitigation such as ventilation should be considered in sectors with a persistent elevated risk. It is important for workplace policy to be responsive to evolving pandemic risks.
Maternal depressive symptoms, neonatal white matter, and toddler social-emotional development
Authors: Lautarescu Alexandra , Bonthrone Alexandra F. , Pietsch Maximilian , Batalle Dafnis , Cordero-Grande Lucilio , Tournier J-Donald , Christiaens Daan , Hajnal Joseph V , Chew Andrew , Falconer Shona , Nosarti Chiara , Victor Suresh , Craig Michael C. , Edwards A. David , Counsell Serena J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMaternal prenatal depression is associated with increased likelihood of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions in offspring. The relationship between maternal depression and offspring outcome may be mediated by in-utero changes in brain development. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have enabled in vivo investigations of neonatal brains, minimising the effect of postnatal influences. The aim of this study was to examine associations between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms, infant white matter, and toddler behaviour. 413 mother-infant dyads enrolled in the developing Human Connectome Project. Mothers completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (median = 5, range = 0-28, n=52 scores ≥ 11). Infants (n=223 male) (median gestational age at birth=40 weeks, range 32.14-42.29) underwent MRI (median postmenstrual age at scan=41.29 weeks, range 36.57-44.71). Fixel-based fibre metrics (mean fibre density, fibre cross- section, and fibre density modulated by cross-section) were calculated from diffusion imaging data in the left and right uncinate fasciculi and cingulum bundle. For n=311, internalizing and externalizing behaviour, and social-emotional abilities were reported at a median corrected age of 18 months (range 17-24). Statistical analysis used multiple linear regression and mediation analysis with bootstrapping. Maternal depressive symptoms were positively associated with infant fibre density in the left (B =.0005, p=.003, q=.027) and right (B=.0006, p=.003, q=.027) uncinate fasciculus, with the left uncinate fasciculus, in turn, positively associated with social-emotional abilities in toddlerhood (B =105.70, p=.0007, q=.004). In a mediation analysis, higher maternal depressive symptoms predicted toddler social-emotional difficulties (B=.342, t(307)=3.003, p=.003), but this relationship was not mediated by fibre density in the left uncinate fasciculus (Sobel test p=.143, bootstrapped indirect effect=.035, SE=.02, 95%CI [-.01,.08]). There was no evidence of an association between maternal depressive and cingulum fibre properties. These findings suggest that maternal perinatal depressive symptoms are associated with neonatal uncinate fasciculi microstructure, but not fibre bundle size, and toddler behaviour.
ABA-induced SA accumulation causes higher susceptibility inB. junceaas compared to tolerant genotypes againstA. brassicae
Authors: Dixit Shikha , Grover Anita , Pushkar Suchitra , Singh Shashi Bala 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlternaria brassicae,a necrotrophic pathogen causes Alternaria blight in members of the Brassicaceae family. An extensive yield-oriented breeding strategy has rendered Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) susceptible to many fungal pathogens however, Alternaria blight is one of the most pressing challenges of all because it causes almost 40-60% yield loss. Variable degree of tolerance is reported in wild relatives ofB. juncea, Sinapis alba(White mustard) andcamelina sativa(False flax) have been reported to exhibit moderate and high tolerance respectively againstA. brassicae. Phytohormones are the essential regulator of the intricate mechanism of plant defence response. The hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) have been widely studied and recognized as important regulators of plant immune response. In the last decade, research has pointed out that other hormones like abscisic acid (ABA) also participate equally in plant defence. However, the role of ABA in defence responses and its cross-talk with SA and JA has not been fully understood in terms ofBrassica-A. brassicaesystem. In this investigation, three genotypes-B. juncea,S. albaandC. sativawere selected and their response to exogenous application of SA, JA and ABA and their combination withA. brassicaewere studied. Disease assessment, gene expression analysis and quantitative estimation of phytohormones showed that theB. junceaexhibited a weak JA-mediated defence response againstA. brassicaeand synergy between SA-ABA shifted the signalling mechanism to SA-mediated response leading to susceptibility inB. juncea. Tolerant genotypes,S. albaandC. sativaexhibited a robust JA-mediated response againstA. brassicaeand JA-ABA was found antagonistic inBrassica-A. brassicaephyto-pathosystem.
Reduced motor planning underlying inhibition of prepotent responses in children with ADHD
Authors: Valori Irene , Longa Letizia Della , Angeli Alessia , Marfia Gustavo , Farroni Teresa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo flexibly regulate their behavior, children’s ability to inhibit prepotent responses arises from cognitive and motor mechanisms that have an intertwined developmental trajectory. Subtle differences in planning and control can contribute to impulsive behaviors, which are common in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and difficult to be assessed and trained. We adapted a Go/No-Go task and employed a portable, low-cost kinematic sensor to explore the different strategies used by children with ADHD or typical development to provide a prepotent response (dominant condition) or inhibit the prepotent and select an alternative one (non-dominant condition). Although no group difference emerged on accuracy levels, the kinematic analysis of correct responses revealed that, unlike neurotypical children, those with ADHD did not show increased motor planning in non-dominant compared to dominant trials. Despite motor control could have compensated and led to good accuracy in our simple task, this strategy might make inhibition harder in more naturalistic situations that involve complex actions. Combining cognitive and kinematic measures is a potential innovative method for assessment and intervention of subtle differences in executive processes such as inhibition, going deeper than is possible based on behavioral outcomes alone.Significance StatementThis study proposes an innovative method that integrates kinematic measurement with neuropsychological evaluation, thus providing information on the planning and control mechanisms underlying behavioral outcomes. It is applicable to the study not only of inhibition but more generally of executive functions, which are the basis of the ability of children and adults to achieve goal-directed actions. The use of a wearable motion sensor ensures good applicability in research, clinical evaluation, and intervention.
Vestibular contribution to path integration deficits in ‘at-genetic-risk’ for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Coughlan Gillian , Plumb William , Zhukovsky Peter , Aung Min Hane , Hornberger Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPath integration changes may precede a clinical presentation of Alzheimer’s disease by several years. Studies to date have focused on how grid cell changes affect path integration in preclinical AD. However, vestibular input is also critical for intact path integration. Here, we developed a naturalistic vestibular task that requires individuals to manually point an iPad device in the direction of their starting point following rotational movement, without any visual cues. Vestibular features were derived from the sensor data using feature selection. Completing machine learning models illustrate that the vestibular features accurately classified Apolipoprotein E ε3ε4 carriers and ε3ε3 carrier controls (mean age 62.7 years), with 65% to 79% accuracy depending on task trial or algorithm. Our results demonstrate the cross-sectional role of the vestibular system in Alzheimer’s disease risk carriers and may explain individual phenotypic heterogeneity in path integration within this population
Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition promotes microtubule acetylation and facilitates autophagosome-lysosome fusion in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice
Authors: Agrawal Akanksha , Clayton Erin L. , Cavazos Courtney L. , Clayton Benjamin A. , Rodney George G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked genetic disorder. Defective autophagy and disorganized microtubule network contributes to DMD pathogenesis, yet the mechanisms by which microtubule alterations regulate autophagy remain elusive. We show decreased acetylated α-tubulin and enhanced histone deacetylase (HDAC6) expression in mdx mice. Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 increases tubulin acetylation and enhances Q-SNARE complex formation, leading to improved autophagosome-lysosome fusion. HDAC6 inhibition reduces apoptosis, inflammation, muscle damage and prevents contraction induced force loss. HDAC6 inhibition restores peroxiredoxin (PrxII) by increasing its acetylation and protecting it from hyper-oxidation, hence modulating intracellular redox status in mdx mice. Genetic inhibition of Nox2 activity in mdx mice promotes autophagosome maturation. Our data highlight that autophagy is differentially regulated by redox and acetylation in mdx mice. By restoring tubulin acetylation HDAC6 inhibition enhances autophagy, ameliorates the dystrophic phenotype and improves muscle function, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for treating DMD.
Non-invasive assessment of normal and impaired iron homeostasis in living human brains
Authors: Filo Shir , Shaharabani Rona , Hanin Daniel Bar , Adam Masha , Ben-David Eliel , Schoffman Hanan , Margalit Nevo , Habib Naomi , Shahar Tal , Mezer Aviv 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStrict iron regulation is essential for normal brain function. The iron homeostasis, determined by the milieu of available iron compounds, is impaired in aging, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, non-invasive assessment of different molecular iron environments implicating brain tissue’s iron homeostasis remains a challenge. We present a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology sensitive to the iron homeostasis of the living brain (the r1-r2* relaxivity).In vitro, our MRI approach reveals the distinct paramagnetic properties of ferritin, transferrin and ferrous iron. In thein vivohuman brain, we validate our approach against ex vivo iron compounds quantification and gene expression. Our approach varies with the iron mobilization capacity across brain regions and in aging. It reveals brain tumors’ iron homeostasis, and enhances the distinction between tumor tissue and non-pathological tissue without contrast agents. Therefore, our approach may allow for non-invasive research and diagnosis of iron homeostasis in living human brains.Graphical abstractNon-invasive assessment of normal and impaired iron homeostasis in living human brains.
Repeated birth injuries lead to pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and impairment in regeneration
Authors: Duran Pamela , Zelus Emma , French Saya , Burnett Lindsey , Christman Karen L. , Alperin Marianna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesChildbirth is a key risk factor for pelvic floor muscle (PFM) injury and dysfunction, and subsequent pelvic floor disorders (PFDs). Multiparity further exacerbates these risks. Using the pre-clinical rat model of simulated birth injury (SBI), we previously identified that an SBI leads to PFM atrophy and fibrosis. We hypothesized that multiple SBIs further overwhelm PFM regenerative capacity, leading to functionally relevant pathological alterations long-term.Study DesignRats underwent SBI and were allowed to recover for 8 weeks to undergo another SBI. Animals were sacrificed at acute, subacute, and long-term time points post-second injury (N=3-6/time point), and pubocaudalis (PCa) was harvested to assess ex vivo muscle function, histomorphological properties and gene expression.ResultsAcutely following the 1st SBI, PCa force was decreased relative to controls. At 4 weeks, PCa force was recovered and remained unchanged at 8 weeks. Similarly, lower PCa force was observed immediately after repeated SBI. In contrast to functional recovery after 1st SBI, PCa force remained lower at 4 weeks post-2nd SBI and continued to be decreased even after 12 weeks after repeated injury. Fiber size was smaller at the long-term time points after 2nd SBI compared to controls and single SBI groups. As opposed to the resolution of centralized nuclei at 8 weeks post-1st SBI, regenerating myofibers persisted even at 12 weeks post-2nd SBI. In contrast to the peak of collagen content at 4 weeks post-1st SBI, this parameter raised progressively over 12 weeks after repeated SBIs. Prolonged inflammatory response, impairment in muscle anabolism, and sustained expression of ECM remodeling genes were observed after repeated SBIs.ConclusionsRepeated birth injuries delay PFM regeneration and impair function in the pre-clinical rat model.
The Rosenbluth sampling Calculation of Hydrophobic-Polar Model
Authors: Wierzbiński Marcin , Crimi Alessandro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLattice proteins are models resembling real proteins. They comprise an energy function and a set of conditions specifying the interaction between elements occupying adjacent lattice sites. In this paper we present an approach examining the behavior of chains of a large number of molecules. We investigate this by solving a restricted random walk problem on a cubic lattice and square lattice. More specifically, we apply the hydrophobic-polar model to examine the spatial characteristics of protein folds using the Monte Carlo method. This technique is the so-called Rosenbluth sampling method for solving restricted random walk problems. Specifically, by solving such walks we obtain plausible folds. In addition, this method can be extended to solve the hydrophobic-polar model. In this paper, we describe this method as an algorithm that calculates the energy spectrum for the hydrophobic-polar model, and the related formula for estimating the number of folds. Moreover, we estimate the number of folds for each sequence using hydrophobic-polar model energy estimation. On test sequences the predicted protein folds were obtained with a mismatch of one unit according to the energy. We also observe that the estimated number of folds depends only on the length and not on the type of sequence. This promising strategy can be extended to quantify other proteins in nature.
The space between the rock and the hard place: personality disorder diagnosis in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Downs Claire Marie , Rayner-Smith Kelly 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The assessment for and diagnosis of personality disorder (PD) continue to be contentious, with many prominent practitioner psychologists arguing against this specific label and providing a credible alternative framework to psychiatric diagnosis more generally. This paper aims to summarise the literature and support practitioners identifying PD in people with intellectual disabilities (ID).

Design/methodology/approach
Relevant National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance and literature were reviewed to provide a service position on the assessment and diagnosis of PD in people with ID.

Findings
For people with intellectual disabilities, the PD label can be even less robustly applied and may be even more pejorative and obstructive. That said, there are people for whom a PD diagnosis has clear clinical utility and opens access to suitable specialist services.

Practical implications
Evidence suggests that a diagnosis of PD can be both facilitative and obstructive, and the assessment and diagnosis process should, therefore, be undertaken with caution.

Originality/value
This paper presents an account of NICE guidance and evidence on the assessment and diagnosis of PD in people with intellectual disabilities.
CSR committees, politicians and CSR efforts
Authors: Guo Jun , Yu Yang 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the relationships among the presence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) committee, politicians on CSR committee and CSR disclosure in 10-Ks using data from S&P 500 firms during 2005–2013.Design/methodology/approachThe authors manually check the information of CSR committees as well as committees with CSR/sustainability functions from proxy statements (DEF 14a). CSR disclosure from 10-Ks is obtained by using a Python library named Beautiful Soup 4 to clean the rough data from the raw format files from EDGAR.FindingsThe authors find that superior sustainability governance is associated with more voluntary CSR disclosure in their 10-K reports. More importantly, they find that CSR committee members with working experiences as politicians play an important role to improve CSR disclosure. In the robustness tests, they find that CSR committee and the politicians on CSR committee are also associated with high KLD CSR score ratings.Practical implicationsThe finding in our paper that politicians on CSR committee can enhance CSR efforts may provide practical implications to some companies. Companies may consider inviting people who have political connections and experience to serve on CSR committees.Originality/valueThe authors find the presence of politicians on CSR committee is associated with CSR disclosure and CSR performance. That's new to the CSR governance literature and makes contributions to CSR disclosures and CSR committee expertise and skills.
Leveraging markets to develop central capabilities: case studies of Cotati, CA, and Brownsville, TX
Authors: Ely-Ledesma Edna 
Published: May 2022

PurposeMarketplaces have been central to civilization, as they foster trade and social life. Marketplaces are built environment (BE) interventions which, when looked at through a historical lens, reflect inequalities and subsequent deployment by people of color (POC). While the resurgence of farmers’ markets is a positive stride towards food justice over the past three decades, studies show that the disparities of class inequality and geographic constraints are key limitations to access for vulnerable populations. The fundamental question of this paper is, how can farmers’ markets use data to strategize and plan in ways that better serve their communities and give them more control?Design/methodology/approachThis paper brings together applied methods in marketplace research and spatial analytical processes geographic information systems (GISs) to inform the research questions through an intersectional model of analysis. Data analysis merges local data collected from the market organization using the Farm 2 Facts toolkit and publicly available data to conduct geospatial analysis of the markets and their surrounding context. Two case studies are explored in Cotati, CA, and Brownsville, TX.FindingsDespite the similarities and nuances of the two case studies, the data show that both markets serve a narrow pool of customers extended a couple of miles from the market. (1) The markets are not serving communities with the most need. (2) Farmers’ markets need to increase affiliation with POC. (3) Farmers’ market locations can impact control over one's environment.Originality/valueThe research builds of Nussbaum's capabilities model and explores three capabilities that are in line with what markets (1) bodily health, (2) affiliation and perhaps most significantly (3) control over one's own environment. Farmers’ market location can impact control over one's environment.
Do broken promises matter? The effects of psychological contract breach on job embeddedness and nurses' work attitudes
Authors: Dechawatanapaisal Decha 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis research investigates the effects of psychological contract breach on the fit, links and sacrifice dimensions of job embeddedness as well as the mediating roles of these three subcomponents in the relationships between psychological contract breach and nurses' work attitudes.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 591 nurses from private general hospitals in northern Thailand. The hypotheses were tested and analyzed by means of a confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling and a bootstrapping procedure.FindingsThe results indicate that psychological contract breach was negatively associated with the three dimensions of job embeddedness, signifying that the fit, links and sacrifice dimensions are distinct constructs. Also, these three subcomponents mediated the relationship between psychological contract breach and loyal boosterism. Only the links and sacrifice dimensions were found to have mediating effects on turnover intention.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research may consider longitudinal data to avoid potential method biases and draw causal inferences among study variables. Employing cross-cultural research in future studies would also be beneficial.Practical implicationsIf possible, health care organizations should not make any promises that they cannot keep or fulfill. Fine-tuning expectation and managing communication in a timely manner may signal commitments to fulfill the contracts and minimize any potential inducement-outcome discrepancies.Originality/valueThis study adds to the literature by furthering understanding of the employee-organization relationship through the lens of psychological contract and job embeddedness theories.