bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fc receptor-like 1 (FCRL1) is a novel biomarker for prognosis and a possible therapeutic target in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Yousefi Zahra , Sharifzadeh Sedigheh , Zare Farahnaz , Eskandari Nahid 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), which can involve various types of mature B-cells. The incidence of DLBCL has been increased, additional research is required to identify novel and effective prognostic and therapeutic molecules. Fc receptor-like 1 (FCRL1) act as an activation co-receptor of human B-cells. Aberrant expression of this molecule has been reported in a number of B-cell-related disorders. Moreover, the clinical significance and prognosis value of FCRL1 in DLBCL not completely identified.
Methods
In this study, the expression levels of FCRL1 was determined in thirty patients with DLBCL and 15 healthy controls (HCs). In addition, the correlation between FCRL1 expressions with clinicopathological variables of DLBCL patients were examined. Then, the potential roles of FCRL1 in proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution of B-cells from DLBCL patients were determined using flow cytometry analysis, after knockdown of this marker using retroviral short hairpin RNA interference. Quantitative real time-PCR, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were also used to identify the possible effects of FCRL1 knockdown on expression levels of BCL-2, BID, BAX, intracellular signaling pathway PI3K/p-Akt, and p65 nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in B-cells of DLBCL.
Results
Statistical analysis revealed higher levels of FCRL1 expression in B-cells of DLBCL patients compared to HCs at both protein and mRNA levels. A positive correlation observed between the expression of FCRL1 with some clinicopathological parameters of DLBCL patients. In addition, FCRL1 knockdown significantly decreased cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis as well as G1 cell cycle arrest in B-cells of DLBCL patients. The levels of p65 NF-κB and PI3K/p-Akt expression markedly reduced after knockdown of FCRL1 expression.
Conclusions
These results suggested FCRL1 as a potential novel biomarker for prognosis and/or a possible effective therapeutic target for treatment of patients with DLBCL.
Towards Understanding Accountability for Physicians Practice in India
Authors: Mathew Mary , Klabbers Gonnie ,   3.	Guido de Wert,   4.	Anja Krumeich
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The lack of accountability is considered to be a major cause of the crisis in health care in India. Physicians as key stakeholders in the health care delivery system have traditionally been accountable for health concerns at the doctor-patient interface. Following social and organizational dynamics, the interpretations of accountability have broadened and shifted in recent literature, expanding accountability to the community, national and global levels and to social domains. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive framework of accountability in medical practice that can be used as a vehicle for further contextualized research and policy input. Through literature review, this paper is presented in two parts. First, a description of accountability of a physician inclusive of the social domains is extracted by posing three pertinent questions: who is accountable? accountability to whom? and accountability for what? which addresses the roles, relationships with other stakeholders and domains of accountability. Second, a framework of accountability of a physician is designed and presented to illustrate the professional and social domains. This study revealed a shift from individual physician’s accountability to collective accountability involving multiple stakeholders through complex reciprocal and multi-layered mechanisms inclusive of the social dimensions. We propose a comprehensive framework of accountability of the physician to include the social domains that is multidimensional and integrative of all stakeholders. We discuss the utility of the framework in the Indian health care system and how this can facilitate further research in understanding the social dimensions of all stakeholders.
Molecular study of Rotavirus A infection in children with diarrhea, before and after vaccine introduction in Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo
Authors: Lenguiya Hossana Léadisaelle , NIAMA Roch Fabien , MAYENGUE PEMBE ISSAMOU , Leblanc GAMPOUO GANDZA , Igor LOUZOLO , MBONGOLO Nadia Claricelle LOUKABOU , FILA-FILA Grâce Petula Urielle , LOKO Sagesse Raïssa Ginelle , Cynthia NKOUA BADZI , DOSSOU-YOVO Louis Régis , Félix KOUKOUIKILA-KOSSOUNDA 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute gastroenteritis due to Rotavirus A infection is common in both developing and developed countries and is responsible for approximately 215,000 annual deaths especially in developing countries. In 2014, the Republic of Congo joined the immunization program recommended by WHO and introduced Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Belgium) into its national immunization schedule. However, information on the genetic diversity of Rotavirus strains in Congo is derived from a single pre-vaccination study conducted in the southern Brazzaville area.
To determine RVA prevalence and genotype distribution in Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire before and after the Rotarix vaccine introduction.
Methods: From February to September 2013 and from August 2017 to February 2018, stool samples were collected from children under 5 years of age suffering from gastroenteritis in Congolese hospitals before and after vaccine introduction. RVA was detected using the ELISA and the VP7 and VP4 genes were genotyped by multiplex RT-PCR. All data analyses were performed using the R software, version 3.4.
Results: Of 154 stool samples analyzed, 45.4% were positive from 108 samples before vaccination introduction and the genotypes G1P [8] (77.5%), G9P [8] (2%), G1G2P [6] P [8] 6%) and G1G9P [8] (2%) were detected. In the post-vaccination period, cases of Rotavirus gastroenteritis were 16% and 4.7% in Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire, respectively representing 52.17% of 46 samples. The genotypes G1P [8] (40%), G1P [4] P [6] (20%), G8P [8] (20%) and G12P [8] (20%) were detected.
Conclusions: RVA is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under five years of age. In the Republic of Congo, we found a considerable genetic diversity of Rotavirus strains and a decrease in cases of gastroenteritis five years after vaccine introduction. Some cases of vaccinated patients who have developed Rotavirus diarrhea have been reported. As a result, it is still important to continue monitoring Rotavirus strains and evaluate the impact of Rotavirus vaccine in Congo.
Detection of COVID-19 using wavelet transform
Authors: Bida Falah A. , Naser Hayder A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Covid-19 is a disease that affects the respiratory system of the human body, and detecting this disease is a complex and one of the main challenges. This work proposed a technique for detection of COVID-19 by integrating multifocal images based on wavelet transduction. In order to improve the detection of COVID-19, Magnet resonant imagery (MRI) and computation tomography (CT) have been used. The multifocal image is included in order to support the diagnosis made by the clinicians. The seven-wave based algorithm bior2.2, coif2, db2, dmey, rbio2.2, sym4 and haar, respectively, was used to achieve a range of results. This approach effectively combines the data obtained from CT and MRI scans to produce a merged image that improves disease diagnosis efficiency by using MATLAB to determine the efficiency of the algorithm. The signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the entropy factor are used to measure the image fusion efficiency. The statistical analysis of the final images demonstrated the superiority of the image attributes over both the CT image and the MRI.
Potential synergistic effect of Alhagi graecorum ethanolic extract with two conventional food preservatives against some foodborne pathogens
Authors: Shaker Abdulrhman S. , Marrez Diaa A. , Ali Mohamed A. , Fathy Hayam M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present study aim to screen the antibacterial activity and synergistic interaction of A. graecorum Boiss. ethanolic extract with two food preservatives against five strains of foodborne bacteria. Disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration were used for antibacterial assay, checkerboard assay and time-kill curve were used for the combination studies. HPLC analysis and molecular docking study were performed to corroborate the in vitro results. The ethanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains with inhibition zones from 7.5 to 9.3 mm and MIC values ranged between 1.2 and 1.8 mg ml− 1. The combination of the ethanolic extract with Na-benzoate or Na-propionate resulted in synergistic and additive interactions against the tested bacteria with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) ranges 0.31–0.63 and no antagonism was shown. Time-kill curve assay showed that the synergistic and additive combinations have inhibitory effects on the tested strains. The ethanolic extract combination with Na-benzoate or Na-propionate can be used for development new sources of food preservatives. Testing new different natural plant extracts with food preservatives will help develop new antibacterial agents.
Do DLC-like features in Raman spectra of tribofilms really mean they are DLC formed by friction?
Authors: Li Yu-Sheng , Jang Seokhoon , Khan Arman , Martin Tobias , Wang Q. Jane , Martini Ashlie , Chung Yip-Wah , Kim Seong H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many previous studies of tribofilms have interpreted D- and G-bands in Raman spectra as evidence that diamond-like carbon (DLC) was formed during sliding. DLC and other amorphous-carbon films are produced by high-energy processes or high-temperature pyrolysis. Since neither of these conditions commonly occurs in a sliding interface, it seems unlikely that such materials could be produced during simple frictional sliding. To understand this apparent contradiction, we systematically analyzed tribofilms produced from vapor and liquid lubrication experiments using Raman spectroscopy with varied laser power and wavelength. The results provide evidence that DLC-like features in Raman spectra of tribofilms formed from organic molecules originate, not by tribochemical synthesis in situ during the tribo-testing as suggested previously, but rather from post-synthesis photochemical degradation of carbonaceous organic matter during the Raman analysis.
Biochemical and transcriptome analysis reveals pigment biosynthesis influenced chlorina leaf formation in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl
Authors: Ye Xiu-Xian , Chen Yi-Quan , Wu Jian-She , Zhong Huai-Qin , Lin Bing , Huang Min-Ling , Fan Rong-Hui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl is a perennial herb of the Orchidaceae family; a yellow-green mutant and a yellow mutant were obtained from the wild type, thereby providing good material for the study of leaf color variation. Pigment content analysis revealed that chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanin were lower in the yellow-green and yellow mutants than in the wild type. Transcriptome analysis of the yellow mutant and wild type revealed that 78,712 unigenes were obtained, and 599 differentially expressed genes (120 upregulated and 479 downregulated) were identified. Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, candidate genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (five unigenes) and the chlorophyll metabolic pathway (two unigenes) were identified. Meanwhile, the low expression of the chlorophyll and anthocyanin biosynthetic genes resulted in the absence of chlorophylls and anthocyanins in the yellow mutant. This study provides a basis for similar research in other closely related species.
An Improved Pathfinder Algorithm (ASDR-PFA) based on Adaptation of Search Dimensional Ratio for solving constrained optimization problems and optimal Feature Selection
Authors: Mahapatra Ajit Kumar , Panda Nibedan , Pattanayak Binod Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The pathfinder algorithm (PFA) is a recently introduced meta-heuristic approach that is mathematically modelled by the cooperative behaviour of animal groups during a search for the best food zone. The PFA procedure comprises two phases: the pathfinder phase and the follower phase. In the former phase, the pathfinder explores new regions in the search space with its versatile explorative power. And during the later phase, followers change position following the leader and their perception, as a result, it makes it easy for the algorithm to fall in local optima leading to slow convergence. To alleviate such issues, this article introduces an improved approach to PFA named ASDR-PFA with the incorporation of a parameter termed search dimensional ratio (SDR) to generate new candidate solutions using the previous best one. The power of ASDR-PFA lies in its technique of updating the SDR parameter dynamically that attunes the balance between exploration and mining ability leading to a faster convergence towards the optimum. The proficiency of the ASDR-PFA has been examined and established using a set of 16 IEEE basic benchmark functions, applied to solve six constrained optimization complications and optimal feature selection (OFS) problems as well. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is performed on the experimental results attained by the proposed approach with five contemporary meta-heuristic methods to demonstrate its superiority.
Implementation of a New Non-Isolated High Step-up DC-DC Converter
Authors: Sabouri Hamid , Sedaghati Reza , Shahir Farzad Mohammadzadeh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A new non-isolated dc-dc boost converter topology is proposed in this study based on the voltage-lift technique. The proposed converter has higher voltage gain during higher duty cycles compared to other recent dc-dc boost converters. This converter provides a common ground between load and source, so it can be used to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI). The analyses conducted in CCM indicate a reduction in losses and switching stress besides simpler switching controllability, lower costs, and smaller size of the circuits. The experimental results confirm the reliability and validity of the theoretical basis of the study.
Unconventional surgery for thoracic esophageal rupture with empyema and mediastinitis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Deng Yong-jun , Liu Huan-peng , Zou Jian-bin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Treatment of esophageal perforation or rupture is complicated and controversial, especially in advanced cases. In fact, it is generally accepted that thisdisease must be treated individually according to the location, causes and clinical features of rupture or perforation (such as the length timebetween onset and treatment, the degree of mediastinitis or chest infection, the extent of esophageal injury, concurrent medical conditions and hemodynamic stability).
Case presentation: A very rare case was admitted to our department, who was injured 5 days ago by high-pressure gas of a running air compressor and resulted in a long-term longitudinal rupture of the thoracic esophagus. Although the patient suffered from empyema and mediastinitis at the same time, and his condition was very serious, the debridement and desquamation of empyema were still implemented, followed by left thoracic esophagectomy and left neck approach esophagogastrostomy in the same period successfully. The patient got a good result finally.
Discussion and Conclusions：Esophageal rupture caused by high- pressure gas is rare, and surgery is an effective treatment option for such disease. It was safe and technically feasible for our treatment strategy to undertake an esophagectomy with an immediate reconstruction with left neck approach esophagogastrostomy for the patient with an extensive thoracic esophageal rupture and concomitant empyema and mediastinitis.
Different selectivity and biodegradation path of white and brown rot fungi between softwood and hardwood
Authors: Qi Jiyun , Li Fangfang , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Luo Bei , Zhou Yonghui , Fan Mizi , Xia yan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The biodegradation path and mechanism of wood vary depending on diverse fungi and tree species, and fungi possess selectivity in degradation of versatile wood components. In order to clarify the actual and precise selectivity of white rot and brown rot fungi and the biodegradation path in different tree species, softwood (Pinusand C. lanceolata) and hardwood (Populus and H. brasHiensis) were subjected to decay test by white rot fungi T. versicolor, and brown rot fungi G. trabeum and R. placenta with various decay periods.The results showed that the white rot fungi caused selective rot in softwood, which preferentially degraded wood hemicellulose and lignin, but cellulose was retained selectively. Conversely, the white rot fungi caused simultaneous rot in hardwood, which resulted in a rather uniform depletion of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Both brown rot fungi preferentially degraded carbohydrates, but R. placenta had a selectivity for the degradation of cellulose. In addition, microstructure observation showed that both white rot and brown rot infected wood parenchyma cells via pits, and the vessels were the primary paths for spread of mycelium. The research outcomes serve as fundamental knowhows for effective bio-engineering of bioresources, and utilization and protection of bio-products.
The flexibility of the T-X-T hinges between the coordination tetrahedra in various zeolitic frameworks. An empirical structural study.
Authors: Baur Werner H. , Fischer Reinhard X. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent years a large number of precisely determined crystal structure determinations of zeolites, that is compounds based on open frameworks of coordination tetrahedra, has accumulated. This gives us the opportunity to evaluate them in terms of the flexibility of their bond angles T-X-T which serve as hinges between the coordination tetrahedra in zeolites containing various SiO4, AlO4, PO4 and similarly sized ions. Out of about 7,000 known crystal structure descriptions of zeolites we have selected 1187 which are based on single crystal diffraction studies and have estimated standard deviations of their TO bond length of 0.01 Å or less. The mean Si-O-Si angle in zeolitic frameworks with T-sites fully occupied by one type of T-atoms is 152.9° and these angles range from 127.0° to 180°, the mean for Al-O-Si is 141.9°, ranging from 124.8° to 179.3°. Straight angles Si-O-Si do occur in some zeolites.
Mental health of people without access to health services: a retrospective study of patients attending a humanitarian clinic network in Germany in 2021
Authors: Mugambwa Kashung Annie , Lutchmun Wandini , Gach Janina , Bader Carolin , Froeschl Guenter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Germany has a statutory health insurance system. However, a substantial part of the population still suffers from limited access to regular health services. While humanitarian organizations are partially filling this gap, people without regular access show a high prevalence of mental health conditions (MHCs). This study investigates the prevalence and social determinants of MHCs in patients attending the clinics of a humanitarian health network in three major cities in Germany, as well as potential barriers to healthcare access in this population.
Methods:
We performed a descriptive, retrospective study of adults attending the outpatient clinics of the humanitarian organization Ärzte der Welt, in Berlin, Hamburg and Munich, in 2021. Medico-administrative data was collected using a digital questionnaire at first presentation to the clinics. We report the prevalence of both subjective and diagnosed MHCs and the perceived barriers to healthcare access in this population. We performed a logistic regression analysis to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with high risk of MHCs.
Results:
Our study population consisted of 1,071 first presenters to the clinics in 2021. The median age at presentation was 32 years and 57.2% of the population were male. 81.8% experienced a form of homelessness, 40% originated from non-EU countries and only 12.4% had regular statutory health insurance. 101 (9.4%) patients had a mental health diagnosis. In addition, 128 (11.9%) patients reported feeling depressed, 99 (9.2%) reported a lack of interest in daily activities, and 134 (12.5%) lacked emotional support in situations of need on most days. The most reported barrier to accessing health services was high health expenses, reported by 61.3% of patients. In the bivariate analysis we found significant associations for MHCs with age, insurance status and region of origin.
Conclusions:
People without access to regular health services have a high need for mental health services. As a chronic condition, this is even more difficult to manage outside of regular services, where humanitarian clinics are only filling the gap in serving basic health needs.
Using latent class growth analysis to detect group developmental trajectories in preclinical medical education
Authors: Song Xiaomei , Jia Yuane 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Medical educators and programs are deeply interested in understanding and projecting the longitudinal developmental trajectories of medical students after these students are matriculated into medical schools so appropriate resources and interventions can be provided to support students’ learning and progression during the process. As students have different characteristics and they do not learn and progress at the same pace, it is important to identify student subgroups and address their academic needs to create more equitable learning opportunities. Using latent class growth analysis, this study explored students’ developmental trajectories and detected group differences based on their coursework performance in Anatomy within the two years of preclinical education in one medical school. Four subgroups were identified with various intercepts and slopes. There were significant group differences between these groups and their standardized scores in MCAT and UCMLE Step 1. The study provides evidence about the heterogeneity of the student population and points out future research directions.
Effects of genomic homozygosity on total fitness in an invertebrate: lethal equivalent estimates for Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Frankham Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Estimates of susceptibility to inbreeding depression for total fitness are needed for predicting the cost of inbreeding and for use in population viability analyses, but no such valid estimates are available for any wild invertebrate population. I estimated the number of lethals equivalents for total fitness in recently wild-caught populations of Drosophila melanogaster using published data on the total fitness of homozygosity versus heterozygosity for each of the major chromosomes (the X, second, and third) under competitive conditions. As there are no data for the fitness effects of homozygosity for the small fourth chromosome which represents 1.0% of the euchromatic genome, this was accounted for by attributing the homozygosity for the three large chromosome to an inbreeding coefficient of 0.99 when computing lethal equivalents for total fitness. Total genomic homozygosity is predicted to be essentially lethal in D. melanogaster. The corresponding haploid lethal equivalents estimate for total fitness was 5.4. The lethal equivalent value lies within the range for vertebrates but tends to be higher than for most outbreeding plants which are often purged as they exhibit up to 20% selfing (by definition). As D. melanogaster has its genome sequenced and annotated and has lethal equivalent estimates for total fitness for individual chromosomes as well as its total genome, it provides an excellent opportunity for evaluating genomic estimates of mutation load.