bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesion identification and malignancy prediction from clinical dermatological images
Authors: Xia Meng , Kheterpal Meenal K. , Wong Samantha C. , Park Christine , Ratliff William , Carin Lawrence , Henao Ricardo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider machine-learning-based lesion identification and malignancy prediction from clinical dermatological images, which can be indistinctly acquired via smartphone or dermoscopy capture. Additionally, we do not assume that images contain single lesions, thus the framework supports both focal or wide-field images. Specifically, we propose a two-stage approach in which we first identify all lesions present in the image regardless of sub-type or likelihood of malignancy, then it estimates their likelihood of malignancy, and through aggregation, it also generates an image-level likelihood of malignancy that can be used for high-level screening processes. Further, we consider augmenting the proposed approach with clinical covariates (from electronic health records) and publicly available data (the ISIC dataset). Comprehensive experiments validated on an independent test dataset demonstrate that (1) the proposed approach outperforms alternative model architectures; (2) the model based on images outperforms a pure clinical model by a large margin, and the combination of images and clinical data does not significantly improves over the image-only model; and (3) the proposed framework offers comparable performance in terms of malignancy classification relative to three board certified dermatologists with different levels of experience.
Negative energy dust acoustic waves evolution in a dense magnetized quantum Thomas–Fermi plasma
Authors: Abd-Elzaher M. , Atteya A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPropagation of nonlinear waves in the magnetized quantum Thomas–Fermi dense plasma is analyzed. The Zakharov–Kuznetsov–Burgers equation is derived by using the theory of reductive perturbation. The exact solution contains both solitary and shock terms. Also, it is shown that rarefactive waves propagate in most cases. Both the associated electric field and the wave energy have been derived. The effects of dust and electrons temperature, dust density, magnetic field magnitude, and direction besides the effect of the kinematic viscosity on the amplitude, width, and energy of the formed waves are discussed. It is shown that the negative energy wave is formed and its value is enhanced due to the increase of the kinematic viscosity and the ambient magnetic field which lead to an increase in the instability. The present results are helpful in controlling the stabilization of confined Thomas–Fermi dense magnetoplasma that are found in white dwarfs and in the high-intensity laser-solid matter interaction experiments.
Understanding the physical mechanism of intrinsic noise inside viscous isotropic solids
Authors: Fa Lin , Wang Yimei , Gong Hong , Liu Dongning , Jiang Jing , Li Lili , Liang Jifeng , Sun Hao , Zhang Yandong , Zhao Meishan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report acoustic impulse-response and system function of particle vibration inside viscous, dense solids and explain the physical mechanism of intrinsic-noise generation. With an external disturbance of a harmonic force acting on particles inside viscous solid media, the system of particle vibration goes through a gradual transition from a static state to a steady harmonic vibrational state. Based on the damped oscillator model, the transition frequency spectrum resembles the intrinsic noise generated by vibrating particles in viscous isotropic solids, which delivers a crucial understanding for applications to invert stratum characteristics around the drilled oil well and its abnormal geological structure.
Limb, joint and pelvic kinematic control in the quail coping with steps upwards and downwards
Authors: Andrada Emanuel , Mothes Oliver , Stark Heiko , Tresch Matthew C. , Denzler Joachim , Fischer Martin S. , Blickhan Reinhard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmall cursorial birds display remarkable walking skills and can negotiate complex and unstructured terrains with ease. The neuromechanical control strategies necessary to adapt to these challenging terrains are still not well understood. Here, we analyzed the 2D- and 3D pelvic and leg kinematic strategies employed by the common quail to negotiate visible steps (upwards and downwards) of about 10%, and 50% of their leg length. We used biplanar fluoroscopy to accurately describe joint positions in three dimensions and performed semi-automatic landmark localization using deep learning. Quails negotiated the vertical obstacles without major problems and rapidly regained steady-state locomotion. When coping with step upwards, the quail mostly adapted the trailing limb to permit the leading leg to step on the elevated substrate similarly as it did during level locomotion. When negotiated steps downwards, both legs showed significant adaptations. For those small and moderate step heights that did not induce aerial running, the quail kept the kinematic pattern of the distal joints largely unchanged during uneven locomotion, and most changes occurred in proximal joints. The hip regulated leg length, while the distal joints maintained the spring-damped limb patterns. However, to negotiate the largest visible steps, more dramatic kinematic alterations were observed. There all joints contributed to leg lengthening/shortening in the trailing leg, and both the trailing and leading legs stepped more vertically and less abducted. In addition, locomotion speed was decreased. We hypothesize a shift from a dynamic walking program to more goal-directed motions that might be focused on maximizing safety.
Numerical analysis of the chemically reactive EMHD flow of a nanofluid past a bi-directional Riga plate influenced by velocity slips and convective boundary conditions
Authors: Algehyne Ebrahem A. , Alharbi Amal F. , Saeed Anwar , Dawar Abdullah , Kumam Poom , Galal Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis report presents the three-dimensional electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of a zinc-oxide–water nanofluid past a bidirectional Riga plate with velocity slips and thermal and mass convection conditions. The Cattaneo–Christov heat and mas flux model, thermal radiation, chemical reaction and activation energy are considered to analyze the flow problem. The volume fraction of the ZnO nanoparticles is taken 6% in this analysis. An appropriate set of similarity variables is used to transform the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. During this process, some parameters are found and influences of these factors on the flow profiles are shown and discussed in detail. A numerical technique called NDSolve is considered for the solution of the nanofluid flow problem. The results showed that higher solid volume fraction and slip parameter have reduced velocities profiles and the increasing solid volume fraction and thermal Biot number have increased the temperature profile. Additionally, the concentration Biot number has increased the concentration profile. The modified Hartmann number has significantly increased the velocity profile. Dual impacts in velocity profiles along primary and secondary direction has been observed due to stretching ratio parameter. A comparison of current results has been carried with a fine agreement amongst current and established results.
WNK1/HSN2 mediates neurite outgrowth and differentiation via a OSR1/GSK3β-LHX8 pathway
Authors: Shimizu Masahiro , Shibuya Hiroshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith no lysine kinase 1 (WNK1) phosphorylates and activates STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase (SPAK) and oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) to regulate ion homeostasis in the kidney. Mutations in WNK1 result in dysregulation of the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 pathway and cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), a form of hypertension. WNK1 is also involved in the autosomal recessive neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II (HSANII). Mutations in a neural-specific splice variant of WNK1 (HSN2) cause HSANII. However, the mechanisms underlying HSN2 regulation in neurons and effects of HSN2 mutants remain unclear. Here, we found that HSN2 regulated neurite outgrowth through OSR1 activation and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Moreover, HSN2-OSR1 and HSN2-GSK3β signalling induced expression of LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8), which is a key regulator of cholinergic neural function. The HSN2-OSR1/GSK3β-LHX8 pathway is therefore important for neurite outgrowth. Consistently, HSN2 mutants reported in HSANII patients suppressed SPAK and OSR1 activation and LHX8 induction. Interestingly, HSN2 mutants also suppressed neurite outgrowth by preventing interaction of between wild-type HSN2 and GSK3β. These results indicate that HSN2 mutants cause dysregulation of neurite outgrowth via GSK3β in the HSN2 and/or WNK1 pathways.
Development and testing of diagnostic algorithms to identify patients with acromegaly in Southern Italian claims databases
Authors: Crisafulli Salvatore , Fontana Andrea , L’Abbate Luca , Ientile Valentina , Gianfrilli Daniele , Cozzolino Alessia , De Martino Maria Cristina , Ragonese Marta , Sultana Janet , Barone-Adesi Francesco , Trifirò Gianluca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcromegaly is a rare disease characterized by an excessive production of growth-hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, typically resulting from a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. This study was aimed at comparing and measuring accuracy of newly and previously developed coding algorithms for the identification of acromegaly using Italian claims databases. This study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2018, using data from the claims databases of Caserta Local Health Unit (LHU) and Sicily Region in Southern Italy. To detect acromegaly cases from the general target population, four algorithms were developed using combinations of diagnostic, surgical procedure and co-payment exemption codes, pharmacy claims and specialist’s visits. Algorithm accuracy was assessed by measuring the Youden Index, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. The percentage of positive cases for each algorithm ranged from 7.9 (95% CI 6.4–9.8) to 13.8 (95% CI 11.7–16.2) per 100,000 inhabitants in Caserta LHU and from 7.8 (95% CI 7.1–8.6) to 16.4 (95% CI 15.3–17.5) in Sicily Region. Sensitivity of the different algorithms ranged from 71.1% (95% CI 54.1–84.6%) to 84.2% (95% CI 68.8–94.0%), while specificity was always higher than 99.9%. The algorithm based on the presence of claims suggestive of acromegaly in ≥ 2 different databases (i.e., hospital discharge records, copayment exemptions registry, pharmacy claims and specialist visits registry) achieved the highest Youden Index (84.2) and the highest positive predictive value (34.8; 95% CI 28.6–41.6). We tested four algorithms to identify acromegaly cases using claims databases with high sensitivity and Youden Index. Despite identifying rare diseases using real-world data is challenging, this study showed that robust validity testing may yield the identification of accurate coding algorithms.
Longitudinal analyses of serum neurofilament light and associations with obesity indices and bioelectrical impedance parameters
Authors: Hermesdorf Marco , Leppert David , Maceski Aleksandra , Benkert Pascal , Wellmann Jürgen , Wiendl Heinz , Kuhle Jens , Berger Klaus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNeurofilament light is a constituent of the neuronal cytoskeleton and released into the blood following neuro-axonal damage. It has previously been reported that NfL measured in blood serum is inversely related to body mass index. However, no reports exist with regard to body composition assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis or other indicators of obesity beyond BMI. We analyzed the relationship between sNfL and body composition according to the three compartment model. Additionally, associations between sNfL, body shape index, waist-to-height ratio, and BMI were examined. The sample consisted of 769 participants assessed during the baseline examination and 693 participants examined in the course of the follow-up of the BiDirect Study. Associations between sNfL, BMI, BSI, and WtHR were separately analyzed using linear mixed models. Body compartments operationalized as fat mass, extracellular cell mass, and body cell mass were derived using BIA and the relationship with sNfL was analyzed with a linear mixed model. Lastly, we also analyzed the association between total body water and sNfL. We found significant inverse associations of sNfL with BMI and WtHR. The analysis of the three compartment model yielded significant inverse associations between sNfL, body cell mass and body fat mass, but not extracellular mass. Furthermore, total body water was also inversely related to sNfL. A potential mechanism could involve body cell mass and body fat mass as highly adaptive body constituents that either directly absorb sNfL, or promote the formation of new vasculature and thereby increase blood volume.
Fijian medicinal plants and their role in the prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mala Pritika , Khan Gausal A. , Gopalan Romila , Gedefaw Desta , Soapi Katy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMedicinal plants (MPs) are natural sources of active compounds with potential therapeutic benefits in alleviating various illnesses for decades. Fijian people also are using these MPs for the management/prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications. However, till date, none of these Fijian MP’s antidiabetic potential have been explored or evaluated. Here, we investigated the antidiabetic potential of Fijian MPs scientifically. Phytochemicals such as polyphenols were detected to inhibit the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, the two key carbohydrate enzymes linked to T2DM. Therefore, in the present study, the total phenolic content (TPC), α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of five Fijian MPs: Vobo (Mussaenda raiateensis, MR), Vula walu (Blechnum orientale, BO), Gasau (Miscanthus floridulus, MF), Molikaro (Citrus limon, CL) and Beki ni sina (Dicranopteris caudate, DC) collected from mainland region of Vitilevu, Fiji Islands, were evaluated in vitro. The hydromethanolic (ME) and dichloromethane (DM) extracts of these selected MPs were investigated. The ME extracts of BO (0.102 ± 0.009 mM CE) and DC (0.098 ± 0.09 mM Catechin Equivalence [CE]) showed a higher TPC compared with the control [vanillic acid (0.052 ± 0.003 mM CE, *P value &lt; 0.05)]. However, the TPC of MF, MR and CL were found in the range of 0.020 ± 0.009 to 0.009 ± 0.01 mM CE. The ME extracts of MF and MR inhibited α-glucosidase significantly in comparison with acarbose as evidenced from the IC50 values (IC50 of MF = 1.58 ± 0.03 ng/µl; IC50 of MR = 1.87 ± 0.43 ng/µl and IC50 of acarbose = 3.34 ± 0.15 ng/µl). Moreover, DM extracts of MR (IC50 = 1.31 ± 0.29 ng/µl) also showed significantly higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In contrary, MR (IC50 = 16.18 ± 0.16 ng/µl) and CL (IC50 = 9.21 ± 0.51 ng/µl) also showed significant α-amylase inhibitory activity in ME and DM extracts, respectively. These, results suggest that Fijian MPs could be a potential source of natural inhibitors of enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion and thus may possibly be used in managing T2DM.
Zirkumventrikuläre Organe und phänodynamische
Osteopathie
Authors: Weber Karl-Heinz 
Published: September 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie zirkumventrikulären Organe sind
stecknadelkopfgroße Organe, die in der Medianebene um den III. und IV.
Hirnventrikel liegen. Da sie sich hinter der Blut-Hirn-Schranke befinden, besteht eine
direkte Kommunikation zwischen dem Nerven- und dem Durchblutungssystem. In winzigen
perivaskulären Räumen finden lebenswichtige fluide Regulationsprozesse
statt, die durch Synchronisation in der phänodynamischen Osteopathie so lange
wie möglich erhalten werden sollen.
Qualität in der Pflege mitbestimmen und gestalten
Authors: Lukuc Sarah 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die Situation in der Gesundheitsversorgung ist im Wandel. Um als attraktiver Arbeitgeber wahrgenommen zu werden, bedarf es einiger Anstrengung. Das Programm Pflegeattraktiv ist eine Möglichkeit hierzu und bietet eine Anleitung für einen nachhaltigen Kulturwandel. Sieben Knappschaft Kliniken wurden bereits zertifiziert.
Magnet® ist keine Raketenwissenschaft
Authors: Wuzel Elena , Dienst Sebastian , Maucher Helene 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit vielen Jahren wird hierzulande darüber diskutiert, ob das amerikanische Magnet®-Konzept auch ins deutsche Gesundheitswesen übertragen werden kann. Hier mehr über die Grundlagen.
Buurtzorg braucht Begleitung – und Zeit
Authors: Heeser Alexandra-Corinna 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungBuurtzorg ist nichts anderes als das niederländische Wort für Nachbarschaftspflege. Dahinter verbirgt sich ein Unternehmen der ambulanten Pflege aus Holland, das sich von den deutschen Grundsätzen der Pflegeorganisation fundamental unterscheidet. Das Zauberwort dabei lautet: Selbstorganisation. Es funktioniert in den Niederlanden. Wer also hierzulande etwas ändern will, sollte sich mal den Nachbarn genauer ansehen.
Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation – Welche
Möglichkeiten zur Behandlung von Hypersensibilitäten gibt
es?
Authors: Bekes Katrin 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungBei der Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH) handelt es sich um einen
qualitativen Defekt des Schmelzes, der klassischerweise an einem bis zu vier
bleibenden ersten Molaren mit oder ohne Beteiligung der Inzisiven auftritt.
Charakteristisch für das Krankheitsbild sind Opazitäten, ggf.
fortschreitende posteruptive Schmelzeinbrüche und das Auftreten von
Hypersensibilitäten. Insbesondere überempfindliche
MIH-Zähne können für den Behandler eine Herausforderung
sein. Das Therapiespektrum reicht hier von dem regelmäßigen
Gebrauch von Pasten bis zur Versiegelung der Zähne.
Wide-area transepithelial sampling with computer-assisted analysis to detect high grade dysplasia and cancer in Barrettʼs esophagus: a multicenter randomized study
Authors: van Munster Sanne N. , Leclercq Philippe , Haidry Rehan , Messmann Helmut , Probst Andreas , Ragunath Krish , Bhandari Pradeep , Repici Alessandro , Munoz-Navas Miguel , Seewald Stefan , Lemmers Arnaud , Fernández-Esparrach Glòria , Pech Oliver , Schoon Erik J. , Kariv Revital , Neuhaus Horst , Weusten Bas L. A. M. , Siersema Peter D. , Correale Loredana , Meijer Sybren L. , de Hertogh Gert , Bergman Jacques J.G.H.M. , Hassan Cesare , Bisschops Raf 
Published: September 2022

Background Current surveillance for Barrett’s esophagus (BE), consisting of four-quadrant random forceps biopsies (FBs), has an inherent risk of sampling error. Wide-area transepithelial sampling (WATS) may increase detection of high grade dysplasia (HGD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In this multicenter randomized trial, we aimed to evaluate WATS as a substitute for FB.
Methods Patients with known BE and a recent history of dysplasia, without visible lesions, at 17 hospitals were randomized to receive either WATS followed by FB or vice versa. All WATS samples were examined, with computer assistance, by at least two experienced pathologists at the CDx Diagnostics laboratory. Similarly, all FBs were examined by two expert pathologists. The primary end point was concordance/discordance for detection of HGD/EAC between the two techniques.
Results 172 patients were included, of whom 21 had HGD/EAC detected by both modalities, 18 had HGD/EAC detected by WATS but missed by FB, and 12 were detected by FB but missed by WATS. The detection rate of HGD/EAC did not differ between WATS and FB (P = 0.36). Using WATS as an adjunct to FB significantly increased the detection of HGD/EAC vs. FB alone (absolute increase 10 % [95 %CI 6 % to 16 %]). Mean procedural times in minutes for FB alone, WATS alone, and the combination were 6.6 (95 %CI 5.9 to 7.1), 4.9 (95 %CI 4.1 to 5.4), and 11.2 (95 %CI 10.5 to 14.0), respectively.
Conclusions Although the combination of WATS and FB increases dysplasia detection in a population of BE patients enriched for dysplasia, we did not find a statistically significant difference between WATS and FB for the detection of HGD/EAC as single modality.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Isoindolinones Enabled by Organocatalytic Functionalization of Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Mao Bin , Wang Jin-Long 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn enantioselective intramolecular heterocyclization with in situ generated 3-hydroxyisoindolinone-derived N-acyliminium ions has been successfully accomplished. In the presence of a catalytic amount of a chiral phosphoric acid, functionalized 3,3-disubstituted isoindolinones bearing N-acyl-N,O-acetal moieties were obtained with good yields and a high level of stereocontrol (up to 98:2 er). This efficient method proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits broad scope with respect to both 3-hydroxyisoindolinones and hydroxyl partners.
Extrinsic Compression of the Gastric Wall by a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alencar Guilherme dos Santos de , Trindade Érico Samuel Gomes Galvão da , Sarquis Lucas Mansano , Foltran Rodrigo Stremel , Jaouhari Eduardo Talib Bacchi , Borba Luis Alencar Biurrum 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is commonly used in the treatment of hydrocephalus and may present complications in up to 30% of patients. The present report addresses an uncommon complication in the abdominal cavity, in which the catheter caused extrinsic compression of the gastric wall.
Case report A 30-year-old man presented a decreased level of consciousness, associated with severe headache and vomiting. He had a history of congenital neurotoxoplasmosis and VP shunt insertion at 7 years of age. Imaging exams demonstrated the formation of an encapsulated retrogastric pseudocyst and extrinsic compression of the gastric wall by a VP shunt catheter. Through videolaparoscopy, decompression of the gastric wall and removal of the pseudocyst were performed, with the reestablishment of the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. An analysis of the distal fragment of the removed catheter revealed obstruction by fibrotic material. The patient was discharged with a reestablished baseline after four days of hospitalization.
Comments The literature shows that ∼ 47% of the complications presented by patients are related to the distal end of the catheter, and 8.2% of these come from migration to the abdominal cavity. However, there is an extreme paucity of studies that demonstrate extrinsic compression of the gastric wall by a VP shunt catheter. Therefore, we suggest that further studies on complications involving the VP shunt be performed to improve diagnostic and therapeutic results, in addition to complementing the literature on this complication.