bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of an Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) native strain, and its pathogenicity on Eublemma amabilis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Das Purnima , Borah Binita , Saikia Priyanka , Hazarika Lakshmi Kanta , Sharma K. K. , Mohanasundaram A. , Boro Robin Chandra , Kalita Ratna , Gautom Trishnamoni 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Eublemma amabilis Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of lac insect, Kerria spp. (Hemiptera: Tachardiidae: Coccoidea) causing up to 20–25% damage of lac and its encrustation, which has immense industrial utilities. Extensive field monitoring in Regional Lac Insect Field Gene Bank (RLIFGB) resulted in collection of a large number of naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) infected insect cadavers on the lac encrustation of host plant, Flemingia semialata. Pathogenicity test under laboratory conditions showed its efficacy on E. amabilis larvae. Molecular characterization of this EPF by 18S rDNA identified it as Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) (accession number, MH414514.1).

Results
Being a potent EPF, biological parameters viz., conidial density and sporulation were determined and its pathogenicity were evaluated against eggs, larvae and pupae of E. amabilis at different spore dilution under laboratory conditions. The highest mortality rates of larvae and pupae (96 & 72%) and (88 & 72%) were recorded at 107spore/ml both in dipping and spraying methods, respectively. The egg mortality, however, was recorded as 40 and 35% for both methods, respectively, at 107spore/ml, which was significantly lower than other stages of E. amabilis. Field study at (107 spore/ml) recorded 81.18, 59.41 and 76.36% mean population reductions over control during monsoon 2019, winter 2019–2020 and summer 2020, respectively. Biosafety analysis of the native EPF on productivity linked parameters of lac insect was found to be safe suggesting that the native Isaria fumosorosea (MH414514.1) strain, reported first from Assam.

Conclusions
In this study, it was confirmed that the EPF I. fumosorosea can be offered as an effective microbial agent, alternate to insecticide against E. amabilis, either as a stand-alone strategy or in an integrated approach.
Neurodevelopmental disorders including intellectual disability: a clinical tool kit for mental health professionals
Authors: Biswas Asit B. , Casey Patricia 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYThis editorial introduces the first of two special issues of BJPsych Advances on neurodevelopmental disorders, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy. This issue is intended to offer a clinical tool kit for mental health professionals giving guidance on assessment and management of these disorders and associated conditions, such as behaviours that challenge.
Rapid Response Team Activations in Oncologic Ambulatory Sites: Characteristics, Interventions, and Outcomes
Authors: Majeed Jibran , Chawla Sanjay , Bondar Ellen , Chimonas Susan , Martin Steven C. , O'Sullivan Maryellen , Jones Daryl 
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE: Patients with cancer are vulnerable to clinical deterioration. Rapid response teams (RRTs) identify and manage patients with acute changes in clinical status. Although RRTs have been well studied in the hospital setting, there are limited data on patients who require support in the ambulatory or outpatient oncologic settings. Describe baseline characteristics, reasons for activations, interventions, and outcomes of ambulatory oncologic patients receiving RRT activation in a tertiary cancer center. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of adult (age ≥ 18 years) patients requiring RRT activation at multiple ambulatory sites between July 2020 and June 2021. Demographic and clinical data captured include age, sex, race, ethnicity, do not resuscitate status, vital signs, receipt of active cancer treatment within 30 days, and cancer type. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox proportion hazard ratio regression models, outcomes of 90-day mortality and hospitalization were assessed. RESULTS: There were 322 RRT activations among 427,734 visits to 10 ambulatory sites (0.75 RRTs/1,000 visits). The most frequent reasons were syncope (25.2%), fall (24.5%), and adverse reaction to cancer therapy or intravenous contrast (16.5%). One hundred thirty-seven (42.5%) required transfer to an emergency department, of which 81 (59.1%) required hospital admission. At 90 days, 51 (15.8%) had died, with 44 (86.3%) receiving comfort measures. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratio regression showed that heart rate > 100 at RRT presentation and hospitalization after a RRT event were significantly associated with 90-day mortality. CONCLUSION: Although uncommon, patients with cancer undergoing care at ambulatory sites can suffer acute clinical deterioration needing RRT review. The rates of hospitalization and mortality among such patients are high, suggesting the need for improved end-of-life care.
Approach to the Patient With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Belfort-DeAguiar Renata , Lomonaco Romina , Cusi Kenneth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContextNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), causing substantial burden from hepatic and extrahepatic complications. However, endocrinologists often follow people who are at the highest risk of its more severe form with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH (i.e., T2D or obesity with cardiometabolic risk factors). Endocrinologists are in a unique position to prevent cirrhosis in this population with early diagnosis and treatment.ObjectiveThis work aims to offer endocrinologists a practical approach for the management of patients with NAFLD, including diagnosis, fibrosis risk stratification, and referral to hepatologists.Patients(1) An asymptomatic patient with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors, found to have hepatic steatosis; (2) a patient with T2D and NASH with clinically significant liver fibrosis; and (3) a liver transplant recipient with a history of NASH cirrhosis, with significant weight regain and with recurrent NAFLD on the transplanted organ.ConclusionNASH can be reversed with proper management of obesity and of T2D. While no agents are currently approved for the treatment of NASH, treatment should include lifestyle changes and a broader use of structured weight-loss programs, obesity pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Diabetes medications such as pioglitazone and some glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists may also improve liver histology and cardiometabolic health. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and insulin may ameliorate steatosis, but their effect on steatohepatitis remains unclear. Awareness by endocrinologists about, establishing an early diagnosis of fibrosis (ie, FIB-4, liver elastography) in patients at high-risk of cirrhosis, long-term monitoring, and timely referral to the hepatologist are all critical to curve the looming epidemic of cirrhosis from NAFLD.
Aging Is Associated With Lower Neuroactive Steroids and Worsened Outcomes Following Cerebral Ischemia in Male Mice
Authors: Fernandez Neïké , Petit Anthony , Pianos Antoine , Haddad Léna , Schumacher Michael , Liere Philippe , Guennoun Rachida 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death, and aging is the main nonmodifiable risk factor. Following ischemia, neuroactive steroids have been shown to play a key role in cerebroprotection. Thus, brain steroid concentrations at the time of injury as well as their regulation after stroke are key factors to consider. Here, we investigated the effects of age and cerebral ischemia on steroid levels, behavioral outcomes, and neuronal degeneration in 3- and 18-month-old C57BL/6JRj male mice. Ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 hour followed by reperfusion (MCAO/R) and analyses were performed at 6 hours after MCAO. Extended steroid profiles established by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that (1) brain and plasma concentrations of the main 5α-reduced metabolites of progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and corticosterone were lower in old than in young mice; (2) after MCAO/R, brain concentrations of progesterone, 5α-dihydroprogesterone, and corticosterone increased in young mice; and (3) after MCAO/R, brain concentrations of 5α-reduced metabolites of progesterone, 3α5α-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, and 3β5α-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone were lower in old than in young mice. After ischemia, old mice showed increased sensori-motor deficits and more degenerating neurons in the striatum than young mice. Altogether, these findings strongly suggest that the decreased capacity of old mice to metabolize steroids toward the 5α-reduction pathway comparatively to young mice may contribute to the worsening of their stroke outcomes.
Assessment of Spinal Metastases Surgery Risk Stratification Tools in Breast Cancer by Molecular Subtype
Authors: Duvall Julia B. , Massaad Elie , Siraj Layla , Kiapour Ali , Connolly Ian , Hadzipasic Muhamed , Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Williamson Theresa , Shankar Ganesh M. , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Fourman Mitchell S. , Shin John H. 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:
Breast cancer molecular features and modern therapies are not included in spine metastasis prediction algorithms.

OBJECTIVE:
To examine molecular differences and the impact of postoperative systemic therapy to improve prognosis prediction for spinal metastases surgery and aid surgical decision making.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective multi-institutional study of patients who underwent spine surgery for symptomatic breast cancer spine metastases from 2008 to 2021 at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital. We studied overall survival, stratified by breast cancer molecular subtype, and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for demographics, tumor characteristics, treatments, and laboratory values. We tested the performance of established models (Tokuhashi, Bauer, Skeletal Oncology Research Group, New England Spinal Metastases Score) to predict and compare all-cause.

RESULTS:
A total of 98 patients surgically treated for breast cancer spine metastases were identified (100% female sex; median age, 56 years [IQR, 36-84 years]). The 1-year probabilities of survival for hormone receptor positive, hormone receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+, and triple-negative breast cancer were 63% (45 of 71), 83% (10 of 12), 0% (0 of 3), and 12% (1 of 8), respectively (P < .001). Patients with triple-negative breast cancer had a higher proportion of visceral metastases, brain metastases, and poor physical activity at baseline. Postoperative chemotherapy and endocrine therapy were associated with prolonged survival. The Skeletal Oncology Research Group prognostic model had the highest discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73-0.81]). The performance of all prognostic scores improved when preoperative molecular data and postoperative systemic treatment plans was considered.

CONCLUSION:
Spine metastases risk tools were able to predict prognosis at a significantly higher degree after accounting for molecular features which guide treatment response.
Cdk8 attenuates lipogenesis by inhibiting SREBP-dependent transcription in Drosophila
Authors: Li Xiao , Zhang Meng , Liu Mengmeng , Liu Tzu-Hao , Hemba-Waduge Rajitha-Udakara-Sampath , Ji Jun-Yuan 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Fine-tuning of lipogenic gene expression is important for the maintenance of long-term homeostasis of intracellular lipids. The SREBP family of transcription factors are master regulators that control the transcription of lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes, but the mechanisms modulating SREBP-dependent transcription are still not fully understood. We previously reported that CDK8, a subunit of the transcription co-factor Mediator complex, phosphorylates SREBP at a conserved threonine residue. Here, using Drosophila as a model system, we observed that the phosphodeficient SREBP proteins (SREBP-Thr390Ala) were more stable and more potent in stimulating the expression of lipogenic genes and promoting lipogenesis in vivo than wild-type SREBP. In addition, starvation blocked the effects of wild-type SREBP-induced lipogenic gene transcription, whereas phosphodeficient SREBP was resistant to this effect. Furthermore, our biochemical analyses identified six highly conserved amino acid residues in the N-terminus disordered region of SREBP that are required for its interactions with both Cdk8 and the MED15 subunit of the small Mediator complex. These results support that the concerted actions of Cdk8 and MED15 are essential for the tight regulation of SREBP-dependent transcription.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Functional Outcomes Following Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Makker Preet G. S. , Koh Cherry E. , Ansari Nabila , Gonzaga Nicole , Bartyn Jenna , Solomon Michael , Steffens Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Pre-operative physical status and its association with post-operative surgical outcomes is poorly understood in patients with peritoneal malignancy who undergo cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). The aims of this study were to determine the pre-operative physical function in patients having CRS-HIPEC and investigate the association between physical function and post-operative outcomes.

Patients and Methods
Patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC between 2017 and 2021 were recruited at a single quaternary referral hospital in Sydney, Australia. The primary physical function measures were the 6-min walk test (6MWT) and the five-times sit to stand test (5STS). Data were collected pre-operatively and at post-operative day 10, and were analysed according to pre-operative patient characteristics and post-operative outcomes such as length of hospital stay (LOS) and complications.

Results
The cohort of patients that participated in functional assessments consisted of 234 patients, with a median age of 56 years. Patients having CRS-HIPEC performed worse on the 6MWT pre-operatively compared with the general Australian population (p < 0.001). Post-operatively, these patients experienced a further deterioration in 6MWT and 5STS performance and the degree of the post-operative decline in function was associated with post-operative morbidity. A higher level of pre-operative physical function was associated with shorter LOS and minor post-operative complications.

Conclusions
Patients who have undergone CRS-HIPEC were functionally impaired pre-operatively compared with the general population and experience a further deterioration of physical function post-operatively. A higher level of pre-operative physical function is associated with minor post-operative morbidity, which is highly relevant for pre-operative optimisation of patients with cancer.
Phase III Prospectively Randomized Trial of Perioperative 5-FU After Curative Resection for Colon Cancer: An Intergroup Trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E1292)
Authors: Kemeny M. Margaret , Zhao Fengmin , Forastiere Arlene A. , Catalano Paul , Hamilton Stanley R. , Miedema Brent W. , Dawson Nancy A. , Weiner Louis M. , Smith Brian D. , Mason Bernard A. , Graziano Stephen L. , Gilman Paul B. , Venook Alan P. , Pinto Harlan A. , Whitehead Robert P. , O’Dwyer Peter J. , Benson Al B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy should be initiated at the earliest possible time. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and Intergroup evaluated the effect of perioperative fluorouracil (5-FU) on overall survival (OS) for colon cancer.

Patients and Methods
This phase III trial randomized patients to receive continuous infusional 5-FU for 7 days starting within 24 h after curative resection (arm A) or no perioperative 5-FU (arm B). Patients with Dukes’ B3 and C disease received adjuvant chemotherapy per standard of care. The primary endpoint of the trial was overall survival in patients with Dukes’ B3 and C disease. The secondary objective was to determine whether a week of perioperative infusion would affect survival in patients with Dukes’ B2 colon cancer with no additional chemotherapy.

Results
From August 1993 to May 2000, 859 patients were enrolled and 855 randomized (arm A: 427; arm B: 428). The trial was terminated early due to slow accrual. The median follow-up is 15.4 years (0.03–20.3 years). Among patients with Dukes’ B3 and C disease, there was no statistically significant difference in OS [median 10.3 years (95% CI 8.4, 13.2) for perioperative chemotherapy and 9.3 years (95% CI 5.7, 12.3) for no perioperative therapy, one-sided log-rank p = 0.178, HR = 0.88 (95% CI 0.66, 1.16)] or disease-free survival (DFS). For patients with Dukes’ B2 disease, there was also no significant difference in OS (median 16.1 versus 12.9 years) or DFS. There was no difference between treatment arms in operative complications. One week of continuous infusion of 5-FU was tolerable; 18% of arm A patients experienced grade 3 or greater toxicity.
Stationary Discounted and Ergodic Mean Field Games with Singular Controls
Authors: Cao Haoyang , Dianetti Jodi , Ferrari Giorgio 
Published: October 2022

We study stationary mean field games with singular controls in which the representative player interacts with a long-time weighted average of the population through a discounted and ergodic performance criteria. This class of games finds natural applications in the context of optimal productivity expansion in dynamic oligopolies. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the mean field equilibria, which are completely characterized through nonlinear equations. Furthermore, we relate the mean field equilibria for the discounted and ergodic games by showing the validity of an Abelian limit. The latter also allows us to approximate Nash equilibria of—so far unexplored—symmetric N-player ergodic singular control games through the mean field equilibrium of the discounted game. Numerical examples finally illustrate in a case study the dependency of the mean field equilibria with respect to the parameters of the games. Funding: The authors acknowledge financial support from the Alan Turing Institute and CMAP, École Polytechnique during this project. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Project-ID 317210226 – SFB 1283.
Exponential-Size Neighborhoods for the Pickup-and-Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Pacheco Toni , Martinelli Rafael , Subramanian Anand , Toffolo Túlio A. M. , Vidal Thibaut 
Published: October 2022

Neighborhood search is a cornerstone of state-of-the-art traveling salesman and vehicle routing metaheuristics. Whereas neighborhood exploration procedures are well-developed for problems with individual services, their counterparts for one-to-one pickup-and-delivery problems are more scarcely studied. A direct extension of classic neighborhoods is often inefficient or complex because of the necessity of jointly considering service pairs. To circumvent these issues, we introduce major improvements to existing neighborhood searches for the pickup-and-delivery traveling salesman problem and new large neighborhoods. We show that the classic Relocate Pair neighborhood can be fully explored in [Formula: see text] instead of [Formula: see text] time. We adapt the 4-Opt and Balas–Simonetti neighborhoods to consider precedence constraints. Moreover, we introduce an exponential-size neighborhood called 2k-Opt, which includes all solutions generated by multiple nested 2-Opts and can be searched in [Formula: see text] time using dynamic programming. We conduct extensive computational experiments, highlighting the significant contribution of these new neighborhoods and speedup strategies within two classical metaheuristics. Notably, our approach permits us to repeatedly solve small pickup-and-delivery problem instances to optimality or near-optimality within milliseconds, and therefore, it represents a valuable tool for time-critical applications, such as meal delivery or mobility on demand. Funding: This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [Grants 308528/2018-2, 315361/2020-4, 422470/2021-0], and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Grants E-26/202.790/2019, E-26/201.417/2022, E-26/010.002232/2019]. Supplemental Material: The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1176 .
A narrative review of teen mothers’ long-term outcomes: what birth cohort studies tell us
Authors: SmithBattle Lee , Flick Louise H. 
Published: October 2022

Studies examining the relationship between young maternal age and maternal outcomes are often cross-sectional or short term. We review birth cohort studies that investigate life course outcomes of teen mothers past age 25. Strengths of birth cohort studies include a focus on a complete cohort, rather than a sample, and prospective data collection beginning before or at birth. Limitations are high cost, attrition and unmeasured background factors. Some 20 studies from six countries met study criteria. This narrative review describes how teenage mothers fare as adults, identifies factors that modify outcomes and examines whether outcomes reflect specific time periods or cohorts.
Childhood disadvantage was a greater marker of teen mothering in more recent cohorts, even in countries with strong social welfare programmes. The effects of young maternal age on all outcomes diminished when strong controls adjusted for selectivity into teen mothering.