bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of obinutuzumab and ofatumumab in the treatment of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Doyle Andrew J. , Stubbs Matthew J. , Lester Will , Thomas Will , Westwood John‐Paul , Thomas Mari , Percy Charles , Prasannan Nithya , Scully Marie 
Published: April 2022

SummaryRituximab, an anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, can be used to treat immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) during acute presentation or disease relapse. Undesirable side‐effects include severe hypersensitivity reactions, particularly anaphylaxis and rituximab‐induced serum sickness, with a minority not maintaining a response to treatment. Alternative humanised anti‐CD20 treatments, obinutuzumab and ofatumumab, have been used. A review of the UK TTP Registry showed 15 patients received these drugs over 26 treatment episodes (eight obinutuzumab and 18 ofatumumab). Indications for alternative anti‐CD20 treatment were severe infusion‐related reactions, acute rituximab‐induced serum sickness and a short duration of disease remission. All patients achieved disease remission (ADAMTS13 [A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13] activity ≥30 iu/dl) after a median 15 days and 92% of episodes achieved complete remission (≥60 iu/dl). Seven patients required further treatment for disease relapse with a median relapse‐free survival of 17.4 months. All patients continued to respond to re‐treatment with the preceding drug when relapse occurred. There were four adverse events in 26 treatment episodes (15%) – two infections and two infusion reactions. These results suggest that obinutuzumab and ofatumumab may be considered as an alternative option to rituximab in the treatment of iTTP with a comparable safety profile, absence of significant hypersensitivity reactions and sustained normalisation of ADAMTS13.
Lack of congruence between fundamental and realised aridity niche in a lineage of water beetles
Authors: Pallarés Susana , Millán Andrés , Lobo Jorge M. , Pérez Abraham , Sánchez‐Fernández David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Coping with aridity is a physiological challenge for all organisms, including freshwater ones. Aridity shapes distributions of aquatic species at fine and large geographical scales. Specifically, for aquatic beetles, the desiccation resistance of the adults is a potential constraint for the colonisation of arid regions.

We assessed the congruence between the fundamental and realised aridity niche in eight species of a Palearctic lineage of water beetles (subgenus Lumetus, genus Enochrus, family Hydrophilidae). We also estimated the relative explanatory capacity of aridity‐related versus other environmental variables in species distributions.

Most of the species, even those most sensitive to desiccation stress in laboratory experiments, occur in areas with high aridity within the Palearctic region. Our results suggest a lack of association between the physiological (desiccation resistance) and environmental distance matrix (realised aridity niche), or between either of these and phylogenetic distances. Aridity‐related variables had generally a similar explanatory capacity in explaining the distribution of species than non‐related ones.

Our results indicate that desiccation resistance has not been an important physiological constraint for the colonisation of arid environments by this clade and suggest that other non‐physiological factors are more important in shaping their distributions along aridity gradients. The studied beetle lineage might conserve a high basal desiccation resistance from relatively recent terrestrial ancestors, which could have provided a physiological advantage for the colonisation of arid areas. Further research could shed light on whether these unexpected results are common to other groups of aquatic insects living in arid areas or are particular to this group of beetles.
Stimulatory role of nectin‐4 and p95‐ErbB2 in multilayered T47D cell proliferation
Authors: Kedashiro Shin , Kameyama Takeshi , Mizutani Kiyohito , Takai Yoshimi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultilayered proliferation in an adherent culture as well as proliferation in a suspension culture is a characteristic feature of cancer cells. We previously showed using T47D human mammary cancer cells that nectin‐4, upregulated in many cancer cells, cis‐interacts with ErbB2 and its trastuzumab‐resistant splice variants, p95‐ErbB2 and ErbB2ΔEx16, and enhances DNA synthesis mainly through the PI3K‐AKT pathway in an adherent culture. We showed here that only the combination of nectin‐4 and p95‐ErbB2, but not that of nectin‐4 and ErbB2 or that of nectin‐4 and ErbB2ΔEx16, cooperatively enhanced multilayered T47D cell proliferation through the Hippo pathway–mediated SOX2 gene expression in an adherent culture. T47D cells expressed the components of the apical junctional complex (AJC) consisting of adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions and cell polarity molecules, but not the AJ component afadin. The AJC and apicobasal polarity were disorganized in T47D cells in a monolayer and T47D cells stably expressing both nectin‐4 and p95‐ErbB2 in multilayers. These results indicate that nectin‐4 and p95‐ErbB2 play a stimulatory role in multilayered proliferation in an adherent culture.
Predictors for the detection of arrhythmia requiring pacemaker/ICD implantation—Results from a loop recorder study
Authors: Kreimer Fabienne , Aweimer Assem , Backhaus Julian Felix , Pflaumbaum Andreas , Mügge Andreas , Gotzmann Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are few large studies on which factors are associated with the occurrence of arrhythmias. Implantable loop recorders (ILR) are useful in detecting arrhythmia due to prolonged and continuous ECG monitoring. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify and evaluate clinical characteristics and ECG parameters for predicting arrhythmias requiring pacemaker/ICD implantation by analyzing a study cohort with ILR.MethodsThis bicentric study comprised a study cohort of 451 patients (mean age 64 ± 16 years, 209 women) receiving ILR implantation between 2011 and 2021. Patients were followed up on a 3 monthly outpatient interval. All arrhythmias with a pacemaker or ICD indication were considered clinically relevant. The primary study endpoint was the detection of clinically relevant arrhythmia.ResultsDuring a follow up of 678 ± 392 days, a clinically relevant arrhythmia was detected in 81 of 451 patients (18%). Multivariate analysis revealed five independent risk factors: coronary artery disease (HR 1.954, CI 1.077–3.546, p = .028), atrial fibrillation (HR 2.253, CI 1.201–4.228, p = .011), previous syncope (HR 6.404, CI 3.202–12.808, p < .001), right bundle branch block (HR 4.370, CI 2.215–8.621, p < .001) and left bundle branch block (HR 2.685, CI 1.116–6.461, p = .028). Our risk model, based on these independent predictors, divided the study cohort into patients with low (2%), intermediate (18%), medium (34%), and high (45%) risk for clinically relevant arrhythmia.ConclusionBy the use of ILR, a clinically relevant arrhythmia has been detected in almost one fifth of the study cohort. In addition, clinical and electrocardiographic parameters were shown to be suitable predictors of clinically relevant arrhythmia.
Motivated reasoning and the ethics of belief
Authors: Ellis Jon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years,motivated reasoninghas received significant attention across numerous areas of philosophy, including political philosophy, social philosophy, epistemology, moral psychology, philosophy of science, even metaphysics. At the heart of much of this interest is the idea that motivated reasoning (e.g., rationalization, wishful thinking, and self‐deception) isproblematic, that it runs afoul of epistemic normativity, or is otherwise irrational. Is motivated reasoning epistemically problematic? Is it always? When it is, what is the nature of the violation? Philosophical projects on motivated reasoning require informed positions on these questions, demanding explicit engagement with fundamental issues about epistemic normativity and the ethics of belief. But attention to this has been limited, thwarting progress on a variety of critical questions. In this paper, I distinguish some of the key issues at play and discuss their interactions. At the end, I offer three methodological recommendations for future research on motivated reasoning.
Plasma haemolysis index and interleukine-6 for the early prediction of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. A proof-of-concept study
Authors: Lakhal Karim , Rozec Bertrand , Souab Fouzia , Senage Thomas , Leroy Maxime , Legrand Arnaud , Boissier Elodie , Bigot-Corbel Edith 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Haemolysis and inflammation contribute to cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI). We aimed to assess the performance of plasma haemolysis index (HI) and interleukine-6 (IL-6) for the prediction of all-stage CS-AKI. We also assessed their ability to predict moderate-to-severe CS-AKI and to discriminate persistent from transient CS-AKI. Methods Adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were prospectively included. Haemolysis index and IL-6 were measured immediately after the end of CPB and 6 hours later. Correction for haemodilution relied upon changes in albuminaemia. Persistent CS-AKI was defined as a steady/increasing CS-AKI stage between the 48th and the 60th postoperative hour as compared with the worst stage observed within the 48 first hours. Results Among 82 patients, CS-AKI occurred in 37 (45%) patients. Postoperative HI and IL-6 were positively correlated to the duration of CPB (r ≤ 0.51, p ≤ 0.0003). Whether we considered isolated measurements of HI or IL-6, their indexation to haemodilution or not, their kinetics and/or their combination, the prediction of all stage CS-AKI was inaccurate (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUCROC]≤ 0.68) whereas moderate-to-severe CS-AKI (6 patients only) was predicted with an honourable performance (AUCROC = 0.77 [95%CI 0.67;0.86] and 0.87 [95%CI 0.77;0.93] for HI and IL-6, respectively). The persistent/transient nature of CS-AKI was inaccurately predicted (AUCROC ≤ 0.68). Conclusions In a population in which most CS-AKI cases were mild, although they frequently (41%) persisted >48 hours, CS-AKI was inaccurately predicted by HI and/or IL-6. A better performance for moderate-to-severe CS-AKI prediction is likely. These preliminary findings are yet to be validated.
Predicting lymph node metastasis and prognosis of individual cancer patients based on miRNA-mediated RNA interactions
Authors: Ren Shulei , Lee Wook , Han Kyungsook 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLymph node metastasis is usually detected based on the images obtained from clinical examinations. Detecting lymph node metastasis from clinical examinations is a direct way of diagnosing metastasis, but the diagnosis is done after lymph node metastasis occurs.ResultsWe developed a new method for predicting lymph node metastasis based on differential correlations of miRNA-mediated RNA interactions in cancer. The types of RNAs considered in this study include mRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and pseudogenes. We constructed cancer patient-specific networks of miRNA mediated RNA interactions and identified key miRNA–RNA pairs from the network. A prediction model using differential correlations of the miRNA–RNA pairs of a patient as features showed a much higher performance than other methods which use gene expression data. The key miRNA–RNA pairs were also powerful in predicting prognosis of an individual patient in several types of cancer.ConclusionsDifferential correlations of miRNA–RNA pairs identified from patient-specific networks of miRNA mediated RNA interactions are powerful in predicting lymph node metastasis in cancer patients. The key miRNA–RNA pairs were also powerful in predicting prognosis of an individual patient of solid cancer.
The role of chemotherapy in patients with stage IB gastric adenocarcinoma: a real-world competing risk analysis
Authors: Xie Yangyang , Du Danwei , Song Xue , Li Xiaowen , Ni Zhongkai , Huang Hai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients diagnosed with stage IB gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC).

Method
A total of 1727 patients were included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2015 and divided into the chemotherapy and no-chemotherapy groups. Then, the methods of Kaplan-Meier analysis, propensity score matching (PSM), and competing risk analysis were implemented.

Results
After PSM, no significant difference was found in the chemotherapy and no-chemotherapy groups in overall survival (OS) (p=0.4) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (p=0.12) in survival curves. The competing risk analysis presented that the 5-year cumulative incidence of cancer-specific death (CSD) was significantly lower in patients receiving chemotherapy (11.5% vs. 20.8%, p=0.007), while no significant discrepancy was observed in other causes of death (OCD) in both groups (10.6% vs. 10.9%, p=0.474). Multivariable competing risks regression models presented a significant correlation between chemotherapy and CSD (HR, 0.51; 95%CI, 0.31–0.82; p=0.007).

Conclusion
The stage IB GAC patients can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy based on this competing risk analysis.
The microbiota-gut-brain axis participates in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by disrupting the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids
Authors: Xiao Weiping , Su Jiabin , Gao Xinjie , Yang Heng , Weng Ruiyuan , Ni Wei , Gu Yuxiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) underlies secondary brain injury following certain metabolic disorders and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis can exacerbate various CNS disorders through aberrantly expressed metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Yet, its relationship with CCH remains to be demonstrated. And if so, it is of interest to explore whether restoring gut microbiota to maintain SCFA metabolism could protect against CCH.

Results
Rats subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) as a model of CCH exhibited cognitive impairment, depressive-like behaviors, decreased gut motility, and compromised gut barrier functions. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing revealed an abnormal gut microbiota profile and decreased relative abundance of some representative SCFA producers, with the decreased hippocampal SCFAs as the further evidence. Using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), rats recolonized with a balanced gut microbiome acquired a higher level of hippocampal SCFAs, as well as decreased neuroinflammation when exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Healthy FMT promoted gut motility and gut barrier functions, and improved cognitive decline and depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in BCCAO rats. Long-term SCFA supplementation further confirmed its neuroprotective effect in terms of relieving inflammatory response and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis following BCCAO.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that modulating the gut microbiome via FMT can ameliorate BCCAO-induced gut dysbiosis, cognitive decline, and depressive-like behaviors, possibly by enhancing the relative abundance of SCFA-producing floras and subsequently increasing SCFA levels.
Infectivity of entomopathogenic nematode against the cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae L.) in polyhouse and in field condition
Authors: Tomar Preety , Thakur Neelam , Sharma Ambika 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is a major insect pest affecting cole crops worldwide. Excessive applications of chemical-based insecticides have a devastating impression over the organisms and environment.

Results
In this study, entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar strain EUPT-S26 (local isolate) was evaluated for Pieris brassicae control under polyhouse and field conditions. Under the polyhouse conditions, the highest insect mortality 91.6 and 94.0% was observed in the plots treated with the nematodes suspension 1500 IJs/ml and 2000 IJs/ml, respectively. Based on the highest cabbage plant protection under polyhouse conditions, H. bacteriophora EUPT-S26 was also applied for field assays in the course of the crop’s productive phase. Data demonstrated from the field treatments signify the highest concentration (2000 IJs/ml) showed the maximum larval mortality and least damage percentage 45 ± 1.07% that remained constant until harvesting; this resulted in the highest productivity in polyhouse and under field conditions.

Conclusion
According to assessed field conditions, it was suggested to perform 3 applications of EPNs during the vegetative phase and at the time of head formation to increase productivity and to reduce damage. The results approved that EPNs are an effective alternative of chemical-based insecticides to control the cabbage butterfly.
Co-segregation of variant NSUN2 Lue198Arg among Iranian family with intellectual disability: a case report
Authors: Moudi Mahdiyeh , Vahidi Mehrjardi Mohammad Yahya , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi , Taheri Mohsen , Metanat Zahra , Ghasemi Nasrin , Dehghani Mohammadreza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disability is characterized by impairments in adaptive behavior and cognitive functioning manifested during the developmental period. Since disabilities are heterogeneous, variant analysis can help us confirm and accurately diagnose children with intellectual disabilities. Some papers reported that bi-allelic variants of the NSUN2 gene caused a group of neurological disorders, including non-syndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability (NS-ARID), Dubowitz syndrome, and familial restrictive cardiomyopathy 1 (RCM1). We report on a consanguineous family with three siblings diagnosed with intellectual disability.Case presentationThe 7-year-old female was referred to Ali-Asghar hospital, Zahedan, Iran, with clinical manifestations comprising moderate intellectual disability, ptosis, long face, and short stature. Chromosome banding, metabolic testing, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations revealed no abnormalities. Accordingly, other affected siblings born of the same parents were considered. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted on the sufferer to consider NS-ARID variants. Findings identified a variant with uncertain significance (NM_017755.6: c.593 T > G) in the NSUN2 gene in the proband. This variant was confirmed through Sanger sequencing of the affected and unaffected family members. Besides, the computational results showed that the L198R exchange could change the interaction between wild-type and other residues in the protein. The affected patients with NS-ARID had similar clinical characteristics and genetic abnormalities.ConclusionTaken together, we described the variant in three Iranian siblings; further expanding of the other variants involved in the disease will be evident by using high-throughput sequencing technologies.
Creative and collaborative reflective thinking to support policy deliberation and decision making
Authors: Spaa Anne , Spencer Nick , Durrant Abigail , Vines John 
Published: April 2022

Background:Co-creation in policymaking is of increasing interest to national governments, and designers play a significant role in its introduction.
Aims and objectives:We discuss instances from our fieldwork that demonstrated how UK Policy Lab used design methods to gain insight into the design-oriented methods introduced to policymakers’ practices, and how these may influence conventional policy design processes.
Methods:This paper reports on the learnings from a two-month participant observation at UK Policy Lab conducted in early 2019.
Findings:We found that, beyond human-centred and future-oriented practices, the designers working at this unit appropriate design as a reflective practice for the context of policymaking. We discuss how the use of visual and creative methods of design are utilised by policy designers to facilitate co-creative reflective practices, and how these make a valuable contribution to policymaking practices in UK Government.
Discussion and conclusions:As deliberation and decision making is influenced both by what is thought about as well as who is doing the thinking, reflective practices allow notions and assumptions to be unpicked. Moreover, when done as a group activity, reflection leads to a co-production of a deepened understanding of policy challenges.
Consequently, we argue, the reflective practices introduced by Policy Lab are an essential contribution to developing a co-creation tradition in evidence-informed policymaking processes.
Il videogioco in Italia: Storie, Rappresentazioni, Contesti, Marco Benoît Carbone and Riccardo Fassone (eds) (2020)
Authors: Fiumara Francesco 
Published: April 2022

Review of: Il videogioco in Italia: Storie, Rappresentazioni, Contesti, Marco Benoît Carbone and Riccardo Fassone (eds) (2020)
Milan: Mimesis, 336 pp.,
ISBN 978-8-85755-222-4, p/bk, €25.00
Pediatric Cancer Registry at MAHAK Pediatric Cancer Treatment and Research Center: A Single-Center Study from Iran
Authors: Faranoush Mohammad , Mehrvar Narjes , Sadeghi Yasaman , Tashvighi Maryam , Alebouyeh Mardawig , Mehrvar Azim 
Published: April 2022

Background: The childhood cancer registry in Iran is a hospital-based system and there is not any unique and national registry system for pediatric malignancies in Iran. According to the limitations and requirements, this study was designed to clarify the aspect of childhood malignancies in Iran and promote establishing the Iranian national childhood cancer registry system.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional longitudinal study was implied on 1500 patients younger than 20-years old diagnosed with any malignancy and admitted at MAHAK Pediatric Cancer Treatment and Research Center (MPCTRC) from 2007 to 2014. Data collection was based on a validated questionnaire with three categories including demographic data, clinical data and type of malignancy, and outcomes. Collected data were analyzed using methods for qualitative and quantitative variables (P-Value < 0.05) by SPSS software version 22. The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meyer method.
Results: This study was implied on 1500 children with a mean age of 6.1 years old. The most common malignancy was acute leukemia (30.7%) followed by central nervous system tumors (27%). At the onset of starting treatment, the rate of conferring with relapse, metastasis, and secondary malignancies was 29%, 19.5%, and 1% respectively. In addition, 52 patients had bone marrow transplantation of whom, 14 cases died. Totally, 42% of patients died and the 3-years, 5-years, and 10-years overall survival rates were 67.7% ± 0.01, 60.3% ± 0.01, and 53.8% ± 0.01, respectively.
Conclusion: Establishing a population-based pediatric cancer registry in Iran is necessary and will be useful for improving the survival rate of mentioned patients.