bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-scale-dependent X-ray to UV time lags of NGC 4593 using high-intensity XMM–Newton observations with Swift and AstroSat
Authors: Beard Max W J , McHardy Ian M , Kumari Kavita , Dewangan Gulab C , Papadakis Iossif , Bhattacharya Dipankar , Singh Kulinder Pal , Kynoch Daniel , Pahari Mayukh 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a 140 ks observation of NGC 4593 with XMM–Newton providing simultaneous and continuous pn X-ray and OM UV (UVW1 2910 Å) light curves, which sample short-time-scale variations better than previous observations. These observations were simultaneous with 22 d of Swift X-ray and UV/optical monitoring reported previously, and 4 d of AstroSat Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT), far (FUV 1541 Å) and near (NUV 2632 Å) UV allowing lag measurements between them and the highly-sampled XMM. From the XMM, we find that UVW1 lags behind the X-rays by 29.5 ± 1.3 ks, ∼half the lag previously determined from the Swift monitoring. Re-examination of the Swift data reveals a bimodal lag distribution, with evidence for both the long and short lags. However, if we detrend the Swift light curves by LOWESS filtering with a 5 d width, only the shorter lag (23.8 ± 21.2 ks) remains. The NUV observations, compared to pn and SXT, confirm the ∼30 ks lag found by XMM, and after 4 d filtering is applied to remove the long-time-scale component, the FUV shows a lag of ∼23 ks. The resultant new UVW1, FUV, and NUV lag spectrum extends to the X-ray band without requiring additional X-ray to UV lag offset, which if the UV arises from reprocessing of X-rays implies direct illumination of the reprocessor. By referencing previous Swift and HST lag measurements, we obtain an X-ray to optical lag spectrum, which agrees with a model using the KYNreverb disc-reprocessing code, assuming the accepted mass of 7.63 × 106 M⊙ and a spin approaching maximum. Previously noted lag contribution from the BLR in the Balmer and Paschen continua are still prominent.
Exploration of simple scenarios involving fuzzy dark matter cores and gas at local scales
Authors: Álvarez-Rios Iván , Guzmán Francisco S 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We introduce a tool that solves the Schrödinger–Euler–Poisson system of equations and allows the study of the interaction between ultralight bosonic dark matter, whose dynamics is described with the Schrödinger–Poisson system and luminous matter which, as a first approximation, is modelled with a single component compressible ideal fluid. The two matter fields are coupled through the Poisson equation, whose source is the addition of both, dark matter and fluid densities. We describe the numerical methods used to solve the system of equations and present tests for each of the two components, which show the accuracy and convergence properties of the code. As simple possible applications we present some toy scenarios: (i) the merger between a core of dark matter with a cloud of gas, (ii) the merger of bosonic dark matter plus fluid configurations, and (iii) the post-merger properties, including the dark matter offset from gas and the correlation between oscillations of the bosonic core and those of the gas.
Trends in Individualized Affordability of Factory-Made Cigarettes: Findings of the 2008–2020 International Tobacco Control Netherlands Surveys
Authors: Geboers Cloé , Candel Math J J M , Chaloupka Frank J , Nagelhout Gera E , de Vries Hein , van den Putte Bas , Shang Ce , Fong Geoffrey T , Willemsen Marc C 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionCigarette affordability, the price of tobacco relative to consumer income, is a key determinant of tobacco consumption.Aims and MethodsThis study examined trends over 12 years in individualized factory-made cigarette affordability in the Netherlands, and whether these trends differed by sex, age, and education. Data from 10 waves (2008–2020) of the International Tobacco Control Netherlands Surveys were used to estimate individualized affordability, measured as the percentage of income required to buy 100 cigarette packs (Relative Income Price [RIP]), using self-reported prices and income. The higher the RIP, the less affordable cigarettes are. Generalized estimating equation regression models assessed trends in individualized affordability over time and by sex, age, and education.ResultsAffordability decreased significantly between 2008 and 2020, with RIP increasing from 1.89% (2008) to 2.64% (2020) (p ≤ .001), except for 2008–2010, no significant year-on-year changes in affordability were found. Lower affordability was found among subgroups who have a lower income level: Females (vs. males), 18–24 and 25–39-year-olds (vs. 55 years and over) and low or moderate-educated individuals (vs. highly educated). Interactions between wave and education (p = .007) were found, but not with sex (p = .653) or age (p = .295). A decreasing linear trend in affordability was found for moderately (p = .041) and high-educated (p = .025), but not for low-educated individuals (p = .149).ConclusionsCigarettes in the Netherlands have become less affordable between 2008 and 2020, yet this was mostly because of the decrease in affordability between 2008 and 2010. There is a need for more significant increases in tax to further decrease affordability.ImplicationsOur findings suggest that cigarettes have become less affordable in the Netherlands between 2008 and 2020. But, this appears to be the result of a steep decrease in affordability between 2008 and 2010. Affordability was lower among groups who have on average lower incomes (females, young adults, and low- and moderate-educated individuals), and differences in trends across education levels could be explained by per capita income changes. Our individualized measure indicated lower affordability than published aggregate affordability estimations. Future tax increases should be large enough to result in a lower affordability.
The role of resistivity in hot accretion flows with anisotropic pressure: Comparing magnetic field models
Authors: Ghoreyshi Sayyedeh Masoumeh , Khesali Alireza 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In hot accretion flows, such as the accretion flow in the Galactic center (Sgr A*) and in M 87, the collisional mean free path of the charged particles is significantly larger than the typical length-scale of the accretion flows. Under these conditions, the pressure perpendicular to the magnetic field and that parallel to the magnetic field are not the same; therefore, the pressure is anisotropic to magnetic field lines. On the other hand, the resistivity as a dissipative mechanism plays a key role in the structure and the heating of hot accretion flows. In the present paper, we study the dynamics of resistive hot accretion flows with anisotropic pressure when the magnetic fields have even z-symmetry about the midplane. By presenting a set of self-similar solutions, we find that if the magnetic fields have even z-symmetry or the viscosity form depends on the strength of magnetic field, the disc properties can be entirely different. In the presence of symmetric fields, the velocity components and the disc temperature increase considerably. Also, we show that the increase in infall velocity and temperature due to the anisotropic pressure can be more significant if the resistivity is taken into account. Our results indicate that the resistivity can be an effective mechanism for the heating of hot accretion flows in the high-limit of the magnetic diffusivity parameter. Moreover, the heating due to the anisotropic pressure is comparable to the resistive heating, only when the strength of anisotropic pressure is about unity. The increase of disc temperature can lead to the acceleration of the electrons in such flows. This helps us to explain the origin of phenomena such as the flares in Sgr A*. Our results predict that the presence of resistivity makes it easier for outflows to launch from hot accretion flows.
Young Adult Pain Rehabilitation: Interdisciplinary Development and Preliminary Outcomes of a Novel Treatment Program
Authors: Morrison Eleshia J , Tsai-Owens Michele S , Luedtke Connie A , Eickhoff Andrea L , Evans Michele M , Oetjen Laurel A , Johannsen Amanda L , Schiebel Cindy J , Boyum Kirsti K , Reynolds Andrea L , Dresher Emily R , Ellingson Andrea M , Harrison Tracy E , Rohe Daniel E , Gilliam Wesley P , Loukianova Larissa L , Harbeck-Weber Cynthia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Young adults with chronic pain and symptoms experience disruptions to their social, emotional, physical, and vocational functioning. Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs for pediatric and adult populations are not designed specifically to address the developmental needs of young adults.

Methods
This article describes the development of a novel intensive interdisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation program tailored to the unique needs of young adults with chronic pain and symptoms. Tailored content included vocational assessment and consultation, financial literacy education, and sexual health education.

Results
Outcome data demonstrate treatment gains, with reductions in pain interference, pain severity, pain catastrophizing, and depressive symptoms, as well as improvements in mental and physical quality of life, perceived performance, perceived satisfaction with performance, and objective measures of physical functioning.

Conclusions
The article concludes with clinical recommendations for the management of chronic pain and symptoms in young adults, applicable across multiple treatment settings.
Dynamic Interactive Social Cognition Training in Virtual Reality (DiSCoVR) versus Virtual Reality Relaxation (VRelax) for People With a Psychotic Disorder: A Single-Blind Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nijman S A , Pijnenborg G H M , Vermeer R R , Zandee C E R , Zandstra D C , van der Vorm D , de Wit - de Visser A C , Meins I A , Geraets C N W , Veling W 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and HypothesisSocial cognition training (SCT), an intervention for social cognition and social functioning, might be improved by using virtual reality (VR), because VR may offer better opportunities to practice in a potentially more realistic environment. To date, no controlled studies have investigated VR-SCT. This study investigated a VR-SCT, “DiSCoVR”. We hypothesized that DiSCoVR would improve social cognition and social functioning.Study DesignParticipants were randomized to DiSCoVR (n = 41) or VR relaxation (‘VRelax’, n = 40), an active control condition, and completed 16 twice-weekly sessions. Three assessments (baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up) were performed by blinded assessors. The primary outcome was social cognition (emotion perception and theory of mind). Secondary outcomes included social functioning (measured with an interview and experience sampling), psychiatric symptoms, information processing, and self-esteem. Data were analyzed using mixed-models regression analysis. Treatment effects were evaluated by the time by condition interaction terms.Study ResultsNo significant time by condition interactions were found for any of the outcome variables, indicating an absence of treatment effects. Between-group effect sizes ranged from negligible to moderate (Cohen’s d &lt; |0.53|). Main effects of time were found for several outcomes.ConclusionsThese results suggest that DiSCoVR was not effective, possibly because of inadequate simulation of emotional expressions in VR. This lack of efficacy may indicate that current SCT protocols are relatively unsuitable for improving social functioning. Previous studies showed small to moderate effects on higher order social cognition, but the SCT approach may need critical reevaluation, as it may not sufficiently lead to functional improvement.
The Behavioral Mapping of Psychomotor Slowing in Psychosis Demonstrates Heterogeneity Among Patients Suggesting Distinct Pathobiology
Authors: Nadesalingam Niluja , Lefebvre Stéphanie , Alexaki Danai , Baumann Gama Daniel , Wüthrich Florian , Kyrou Alexandra , Kerkeni Hassen , Kalla Roger , Walther Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesPsychomotor slowing (PS) occurs in up to half of schizophrenia patients and is linked to poorer outcomes. As standard treatment fails to improve PS, novel approaches are needed. Here, we applied the RDoC framework using 3 units of analysis, ie, behavior, self-report, and physiology to test, whether patients with PS are different from patients without PS and controls.MethodsMotor behavior was compared between 71 schizophrenia patients with PS, 25 without PS, and 42 healthy controls (HC) using 5 different measures: (1) for behavior, an expert rating scale: Motor score of the Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale, (2) for self-report, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; and for physiology, (3) Actigraphy, which accounts for gross motor behavior, (4) Gait velocity, and (5) coin rotation task to assess manual dexterity.ResultsThe ANCOVAs comparing the 3 groups revealed differences between patients with PS and HC in expert ratings, self-report, and instrumental measures (all P ≤ .001). Patients with PS also scored higher in expert ratings and had lower instrumental activity levels compared to patients without PS (all P ≤ .045). Instrumental activity levels correlated with an expert rating of PS (rho = −0.51, P-fdr corrected &lt;.001) and classified similarly at 72% accuracy.ConclusionsPS is characterized by slower gait, lower activity levels, and slower finger movements compared to HC. However, only actigraphy and observer ratings enable to clearly disentangle PS from non-PS patients. Actigraphy may become the standard assessment of PS in neuroimaging studies and clinical trials.
Blended care to discontinue benzodiazepine receptor agonists use in patients with chronic insomnia disorder: a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial in primary care
Authors: Coteur Kristien , Henrard Gilles , Schoenmakers Birgitte , Laenen Annouschka , Van den Broeck Kris , De Sutter An , Anthierens Sibyl , Devroey Dirk , Kacenelenbogen Nadine , Offermans Anne-Marie , Van Nuland Marc 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesInternational guidelines recommend using benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRA) for maximally four weeks. Nevertheless, long-term use for chronic insomnia disorder remains a common practice. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of blended care for discontinuing long-term BZRA use in general practice.MethodsA pragmatic cluster randomized controlled superiority trial compared blended care to usual care through urine toxicology screening. In the intervention, care by the general practitioner (GP) was complemented by an interactive e-learning program, based on cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Adults using BZRA daily for minimally 6 months were eligible. Participants were clustered at the level of the GP surgery for allocation (1:1). Effectiveness was measured as the proportion of patients who had discontinued at one-year follow-up. Data analysis followed intention-to-treat principles.ResultsIn total, 916 patients in 86 clusters, represented by 99 GPs, were randomized. Primary outcome data was obtained from 727 patients (79%). At one-year follow-up, 82 patients (18%) in blended care, compared to 91 patients (20%) in usual care, had discontinued. There was no statistically significant effect for the intervention (OR: 0.924; 95% CI: 0.60; 1.43). No adverse events were reported to the research team.ConclusionsThe findings did not support the superiority of blended care over usual care. Both strategies showed clinical effectiveness, with an average of 19% of patients having discontinued at one-year follow-up. Further research is important to study the effect of structurally implementing digital interventions in general practice.Clinical trialBig Bird trial; KCE-17016. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03937180).
Viscoelastic versus conventional coagulation tests to reduce blood product transfusion in patients undergoing liver transplantation
Authors: Aceto Paola , Punzo Giovanni , Di Franco Valeria , Teofili Luciana , Gaspari Rita , Wolfango Avolio Alfonso , Del Tedesco Filippo , Posa Domenico , Lai Carlo , Sollazzi Liliana 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUNDRecent literature suggests viscoelastic test (VET)-guided transfusion management could be associated with reduced blood product administration in patients undergoing liver transplantation.OBJECTIVE(S)To assess the effectiveness of coagulation management guided by VETs compared with conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) in reducing blood product transfusion in patients undergoing liver transplantation.DESIGNSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised (RCTs) and nonrandomised clinical trials performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was previously published (PROSPERO: CRD42021230213)DATA SOURCESThe Cochrane Central Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and the Transfusion Evidence Library were searched up to 30thJanuary 2022.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIASetting: operating room. Patients: liver transplantation recipients. Intervention: use of VETs versus CCTs. Main outcome measures: the primary outcome was the mean number of transfused units for each blood product including red blood cells (RBCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), platelets (PLTs) and cryoprecipitate. Secondary outcomes included mortality rate, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS).RESULTSSeventeen studies (n = 5345 patients), 15 observational and two RCTs, were included in this review. There was a mean difference reduction in RBCs [mean difference: −1.40, 95% confidence interval (95% CI), −1.87 to −0.92;P < 0.001,I2 = 61%) and FFP units (mean difference: −2.98, 95% CI, −4.61 to −1.35;P =  < 0.001;I2 = 98%) transfused in the VETs group compared with the CCTs one. A greater amount of cryoprecipitate was administered in the VETs group (mean difference: 2.71, 95% CI, 0.84 to 4.58;P = 0.005;I2 = 91%). There was no significant difference in the mean number of PLT units, mortality, hospital and ICU-LOS.CONCLUSIONOur meta-analysis demonstrated that VETs implementation was associated with reduced RBC and FFP consumption in liver transplantation patients without effects on mortality and hospital and ICU-LOS. The certainty of evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Further well conducted RCTs are needed to improve the certainty of evidence.
Were hospitals with sustained high performance more successful at reducing mortality during the pandemic’s second wave?
Authors: Al-Amin Mona , Li Kate , Hefner Jennifer , Islam Md Nazmul 
Published: November 2022

Background
In 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic emerged. Variation in COVID-19 patient outcomes between hospitals was later reported.

Purpose
This study aims to determine whether sustainers—hospitals with sustained high performance on Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Total Performance Score (HVBP-TPS)—more effectively responded to the pandemic and therefore had better patient outcomes.

Methodology
We calculated hospital-specific risk-standardized event rates using deidentified patient-level data from the UnitedHealth Group Clinical Discovery Database. HVBP-TPS from 2016 to 2019 were obtained from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Hospital characteristics were obtained from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database (2019), and county-level predictors were obtained from the Area Health Resource File. We use a repeated-measures regression model assuming an AR(1) type correlation structure to test whether sustainers had lower mortality rates than nonsustainers during the first wave (spring 2020) and the second wave (October to December 2020) of the pandemic.

Results
Sustainers did not have significantly lower COVID-19 mortality rates during the first wave of the pandemic, but they had lower COVID-19 mortality rates during the second wave compared to nonsustainers. Larger hospitals, teaching hospitals, and hospitals with higher occupancy rates had higher mortality rates.

Conclusion
During the first wave of the pandemic, mortality rates did not differ between sustainers and nonsustainers. However, sustainers had lower mortality rates than nonsustainers in the second wave, most likely because of their knowledge management capabilities and existing structures and resources that enable them to develop new processes and routines to care for patients in times of crisis. Therefore, a consistently high level of performance over the years on HVBP-TPS is associated with high levels of performance on COVID-19 patient outcomes.

Practice Implications
Investing in identifying the knowledge, processes, and resources that foster the dynamic capabilities needed to achieve superior performance in HVBP might enable hospitals to utilize these capabilities to adapt more effectively to future changes and uncertainty.
Evaluation of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Adolescents With Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Shao Wen , Zheng Yi , Li Qingxia , Shao Kangning , Zhao Fujun , Guan Lin , Zhang Zhixia , Li Fenghua 
Published: November 2022

Objective
This study aims to provide an evaluation of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in hospitalized adolescents with major depressive and bipolar disorders by examining its treatment outcomes as well as comparing it with outcomes of hospitalized patients, treated as usual (TAU).

Methods
This is a retrospective study based on medical records documented between April 2011 and December 2017 from Beijing An Ding Hospital. Patients were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. The study included 288 inpatients, with 2 groups of 171 patients treated by ECT and 117 TAU. The primary outcome was measured using the severity subscale of Clinical Global Impression. Mann-Whitney U test, χ
2 test, and linear regression with mixed models were used to analyze the data.

Results
Symptom severity reduced significantly for both groups (β = −0.62, t
975.93 = −20.54, P < 0.001). The TAU group was associated with lower score on the severity subscale of Clinical Global Impression (β = 0.28, t
980.32 = 8.36, P < 0.001). The ECT group had a higher remission rate (28.65%) than the TAU group (16.24%), but the time required for remission was longer (U [N
ECT = 49, N
TAU = 19] = 615, z = 2.10, P = 0.04). Adverse events of ECT were barely observed.

Conclusion
Electroconvulsive therapy is an efficacious and safe treatment for adolescents. However, as the superiority in efficacy was not evident in ECT group, its prescription should be prudently considered for younger patients who respond well to other treatments.