bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1978
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to apple trees at Monmouth (Test 1) and Winthrop, Maine, (Tests 2 and 3) as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi and at 250-350 gal/acre. In Test 1, the trees were sprayed on May 31 (petal fall), June 7, 16, 29, July 12, 26, August 8, and 21 (first cover through seventh cover). Each material was applied on all dates. The fungicide program (formulations are rates/100 gal) consisted of Polyram 80W 1 lb and Benlate 50W 2 oz at 11 dates; Solubar .5 lb on May 16; Omite 6EC 4 oz on May 23, 31, and June 6; Epsom salts 15 lb on June 6 and 20; and Amid-Thin 8.4W .25 lb on June 13. In addition, Polyram 80W 2 lb was tank-mixed with each insecticide at each spray. In Tests 2 and 3, trees were sprayed on June 1 (petal fall), 9, 21, July 6, 19, August 2, and 15-16 (first cover through sixth cover). Each material was applied on alldates. The fungiside program (rates/100 gal) consisted of Difolatan 4F 4 qt at half-inch green and Polyram 80W 2 lb at each cover; Polyram was tank-mixed with each treatment. There were 4 to 5 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized, complete-block design was utilized with 2 Mcintosh and 2 Spartan cultivars per treatment in Test 1; 4 Mcintosh per treatment in Test 2; and 2 Melba, 2 Cortland, and 1 Red Delicious per treatment in Test 3. Except for the test trees, these orchards were unsprayed. On August 29-30, three-fourths box of apples was picked from each tree and generally ca. 430 to 520 apples were examined per treatment on September 5-16 for external egg punctures (apple maggot), egg-laying scars (plum curculio), and typical feeding injuries (codling moth and lesser appleworm). Apple with maggot egg punctures were sliced to determine success of egg hatch and/or of maggot survival (success indicated by a larval penetration of more than 1/4 inch). Aphid and leafhopper counts were based on 10 randomly selected vegetative terminals around each tree. All live aphids found on July 17 and 24 (also August 11 for Test 3) on the distal 4 unfurled and 1 furled leaves and on the stem included by these leaves were recorded. Leafhopper evaluation was based on speckling feeding spots found on August 24-25 on the fifth and seventh leaves. European red mites were counted on July 24-28 and August 7-10 on 25 leaves collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. The leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. No pest population exerted very serious pressure in these tests. July and August were unusually hot and dry.
Apple, Effects Of Methomyl (Lannate-L) on Apple Aphids*, 1980
Authors: David P. J. , Horsburgh R. L. , McCaffrey J. P. , Ponton L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Since the eggs of many predatory insects are present when apple aphids normally infest apple trees, and data have already been gathered on the ovicidal effects of Lannate-L on the eggs of some of these beneficials, a test was conducted on Jun 27 to assess the effects of several dosages of Lannate-L on the pest species. Eleven trees located in the historical variety orchard at the research station, Steeles Tavern, Va. were included in the experiment. Each tree received one of the ten treatments or the water control. The treatment rates ((litre (ounce) of Lannate-L/378.5 litre (100 gallons) water)) were: 0.95 (32); 0.83 (28); 0.71 (24); 0.59 (20); 0.47 (16); 0.35 (12); 0.24 (8); 0.18 (6); 0.12 (4); 0.06 (2); water control. Thirty terminals were counted per tree before treatment and the number of infested terminals was recorded (Table I). A terminal was considered infested if aphids were found on greater than 25 percent of the leaf surface area. All treatments were applied at 14.06 kg/cm2 (200 psi) with a hand gun on a truck-mounted Swqnson sprayer equipped with a 132.49 litre/min. (35 gpm) pump. Post treatment counts were taken 48 hours after treatment and recorded as percent infested terminals (Table I).
Control of Tomato Fruitworm on Tomato, 1978
Authors: Stevens Larry M. , Cruz Frank , Bias Tom 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Inarajan, Guam. Seedlings were transplanted into the field (volcanic ash with a Mariana limestone base) on Dec 15, 1977. Each plot consisted of 3 rows 12 ft long and 5 ft apart. Each row consisted of 7 plants. Plants were grown to 5 ft tall on suspended strings. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used. There were 3 treatments plus a control. Treatments were applied starting on Feb 10, 1978, and continued every 4 days until Apr 19. All tomatoes formed prior to Feb 10 were removed so all fruit would be treated. Fruitworm damage was assessed by examining all immature fruit on the plants on Feb 23, Mar 30, and Apr 27, recording damaged vs. undamaged. All ripe fruit were harvested throughout the production of the plant and recorded as damaged or undamaged.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1980
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded Jan 8, 1980 in Rockdale soil. Plots were thinned to one plant per foot. Each plot was a single row on 6 ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied weekly from Feb 8 to Apr 17 for a total of 11 applications. Due to an insufficient amount of ZR 3210, the following applications were missed: 0.2 lb rate, applications Jul 10; 0.1 lb rate, applications Aug 10; 0.5 lb rate, applications Sep 10. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 250 psi, and in 100 gal of water per acre. On Apr 9 the number of tomato pinworm mines per 3 leaves (first 3 fully expanded leaves from the terminal) and the number of vegetable leafminer mines per leaf (third fully expanded leaf from the terminal) were counted on 10 randomly selected plants per plot. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested Apr 25. The percents tomato pinworm and tomato fruitworm damaged fruit were determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot. The vegetable leafminer and tomato fruitworm populations were normal, whereas the tomato pinworm population was considerably lower than usual. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Georgia, 1980
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on the University of Georgia Beckham Farm in Pike Co. Sprays were applied on May I with ground equipment calibrated to deliver 40 gal per acre at 32 psi. Plots were 20 x 20 ft with 10 ft untreated borders and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Larval densities were estimated at pretreatment and I, 7, and 10 days postapplication by using 5-180° sweep samples per plot.
Armyworm Control in Barley, 1979
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Martin James R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides, representing four different classes of compounds, were examined to determine their efficacy in true armyworm control. Insecticides were applied May 17 in barley located at the Bob Pitman Farm near Kilmarnock, Virginia. A randomized block experimental design was employed with four replications. Individual plots were 20 x 36 ft and 0.6 ft apart (0.01 acre). Each spray concentrate was applied to the barley with a CO2 compressed air sprayer at 27 psi that delivered 32 gallons of finished formulation per acre. The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined on May 19 for the presence of live larvae in a 1 ft2 area in 2 locations per plot.
Grain Aphid Control with Foliar Applied Insecticides, 1980
Authors: Sandvol Larry E. , Wheeler Steve , Pocock Richard , Toya Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fielder wheat and Steveland barley were planted on May 20 at Aberdeen, Idaho in decio silt loam soil. Plots were sprinkler irrigated. Treatments were applied with CO2 hand sprayer at 40 psi and 20 gal/acre. Nozzles were spaced at 18 in on a 8 ft boom. Treatments were replicated 4 times in 10 x 60 ft plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Barley and wheat plots were adjacent. Treatments were applied on Aug 1’80. All aphids found on 5 tillers per plot were recorded.
Aphid Control in Small Grain, 1980
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides at varying rates were applied to mixed feed grain in the soft dough stage. Each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 10 x 20 ft and each chemical was applied at the rate of 50 gal finished spray per acre. Aphids per 5 stems (includes leaves and head) were counted 1, 8, and 15 days after application on each plot.
Controlling European Corn Borers in Virginia, 1980
Authors: Briggs Stephen P. , McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Furadan 10G and 15G were each applied in the furrow, after the planter and before the press wheel, at a rate of 1.2 and 1.8 lb ai/a for control of early season European corn borer infestations. In addition, Furadan 15G was applied at 1.8 lb ai/a in a 5-in band over the row immediately after planting and incorporated to a depth of about 1 in. These materials were applied on Apr 22 in ‘Pioneer 3535’ field corn planted on the Harold Delano Farm near Warsaw, Virginia. On Apr 18, foliar sprays of FMC 45806 and Larvin 500 were applied in an area not treated with granular materials at planting. A CO2 powered back-pack sprayer at 30 psi that delivered 26.5 gal of finished formulation per acre was used to apply the foliar sprays. A randomized block experimental design was used with 4 replications in both experimental areas. Individual plots for the granular formulations were 4 x 600 ft while the foliar sprays were applied in 4 plots 4 x 50 ft and all rows were 3 ft apart. In addition, six cooperator trials were examined where Furadan 10G or 15G was applied at 1.2 to 2.25 lb ai/a in the furrow at planting. Fields were randomly chosen in Richmond and Westmoreland Counties and each field represented one replication. Individual treatments were evaluated for plant height, percent stalks infested with European corn borer larvae, percent lodged stalks, and yield in the treated versus untreated plots.
Efficacy Trials with Topical Applications for Stalk Borer Control, 1980
Authors: Gessell Stanley G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted with a no-till planter onMay 16 in 30 inch rows. The field located near Belleville, Mifflin County, PA was in corn the previous year and was infested with numerous clumps of orchard grass on which stalk borer eggs were readily found. It was chisel plowed and lightly disced before planting. Treatments were single x 50 ft rows with 3 buffer rows between. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates was used.
Field Evaluation of Insecticides for the Control of Black Cutworm in Field Corn, 1980
Authors: Grausretn Mark , Reese John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on a high organic soil poorly drained field which has had a history of a black cutworm problem for the past ten years. Corn was planted on May 13 in a commercial field located near Selbyville, DE. Plots of 6 x 25 ft were replicated 4 times In a randomized complete block design. The seed treatment was applied as a slurry mixture to a measured amount of seed. Dyfonate 4E was applied as a broadcast pre-planr incorporated treatment. The remainder of the at-planting treatments were applied on May 14. All granular insecticides except Mocap 10G were applied as a 7-in band over the row with a 1 row Gandy applicator. Mocap was applied as a 12-in band over the row. Granular treatments were lightly incorporated using a drag chain. Vydate L was applied as a 8-in band over the row using the wheel barrow type sprayer described below. Pelletized baits were applied to the appropriate plots by hand broadcasting premeasured amounts. Rescue spray treatments were applied on May 30 using a wheel barrow design, CO2-pressurized sprayer with a single flood jet nozzle directing a 15-in spray band over each row delivering 19 gal/acre at 30 psi. Plots were artificially infested with black cutworm larvae (third to sixth instars) at a rate of 10 per 15 ft of row between the middle two rows on May 28. Pretreatment standcounts were taken on 12 ft of row (6-in from each of the middle two rows) on May 28 followed by the artificial infestation of larvae. Standcounts and the number of cut plants per 12 ft of row were recorded on May 30, June 3, June 9, and June 18. No cut plants were observed on June 18 and as a result no significant data was obtained. Corn was harvested from the middle two rows of the plot and yield data was obtained on October 8.
Foliar Sprays to Control Fall Armyworm in Field Corn, 1980
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Pioneer 3320’ field corn was planted, 10-in spacing in 3 ft rows, on Jul 31. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a 25-ft long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Treatments were Initiated on Aug 15 at which time the plants were 2-3 in high. Additional applications were made on Aug 21 & 29 but terminated after that time due to severe lodging which made spraying impossible. Insecticidal performance was determined by counting the number of fall army-worms/10 plants per plot on Sep 6 and also by counting the number of plants/20 with severe whorl injury on this same date. This experiment was designed primarily to check the performance of a number of insecticides under intense fall armyworm stress. Each fall, shortly after Aug 1, fall armyworm infestations become so severe in Tidewater Virginia that it is simply impossible to control them. Often the armyworms get a head start before they are noticed but in this particular case the corn was treated shortly after plant emergence. The first application was made on many newly hatched or emerging 1st instar armyworms.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1980
Authors: Levine Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil insecticides to control corn rootworm larvae were evaluated at 3 locations in Illinois. Corn was planted in 30 in rows on April 28, May 4, and May 14 at Warren (Stephenson Co., NW), Oregon (Ogle Co., NC), and the South Farm of the University of Illinois (Champaign Co., EC), respectively. Varieties planted were DeKalb 55A at Warren, Pioneer 3780 at Oregon, and B73 x M017 at the South Farm. Each insecticide was applied in a 7-in band over the row 2-6 days after planting with Noble metering units attached to a bicycle-wheeled applicator and in-corporated with a hand rake. Each treatment consisted of ] x 60 ft row. Experiments were arranged in randomized complete block designs with 4 replications/ treatment. Counter at 1.0 lb ai/acre was used on the Warren and Oregon fields in 1979; soil insecticides were not used at the South Farm location in 1979. All fields had very high corn rootworm beetle counts during the preceding summer, and analysis of soil samples indicated that economic populations of eggs existed in all fields prior to planting. Two seed treatments were also evaluated for rootworm control at the South Farm location: Orthene at 0.4% ai and Furadan at 3.0% ai by weight of seed. These seeds were planted at the same time as untreated seeds were planted. Root systems were evaluated for rootworm damage in early July by digging and washing plants from each treatment (5 roots per row x 4 reps) and examining the roots for rootworm feeding damage. The standard Iowa 1-6 damage rating scale (l=little or no damage and 6=3 or more nodes of roots destroyed) was used to measure damage.
Corn (Field), Fall Armyworm Control on Field Corn, 1979
Authors: Roberts James E. , Kondratieff Boris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticides were compared for effectiveness in control of fall armyworms. Field corn was planted June 22 in Goochland Co., VA. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Four row plots measured 50 x 12 ft in which the two center rows were used for analysis. All insecticides were applied to the whorl as a foliar application. Liquid formulations were applied using a 4-gal hand held sprayer operating at 40 psi and a rate of 20 gal per acre. Granular materials were applied in a 7-in band over the whorl. Treatments were applied July 26 and insect counts made 1 and 3 days post-treatment. Numbers of small (instars 1-3) and large (instars 4-6) larvae per plant were determined on each sampling date. Plants were selected at random and sacrificed to ensure proper counting of larvae. Data was analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Soil association was Congaree-Chewada. The field had a history of Furadan use.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1980
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifteen foliar insecticide treatments were tested for first brood European corn borer control. Field corn ‘Pioneer 3147’ was planted on April 23. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows (40 in spacing) with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. Corn was thinned to 40 plants/30 row ft. Insecticides were applied on June 17. Granular insecticides were applied with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were sprayed with 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 40 gal/acre powered by a portable CO2 tank. Damage ratings were based on percent of whorls damaged and on stalk feeding (average number of tunnels/10 stalks) by corn borers.
Control of Heliothis Species and Boll Weevils in Cotton, 1980
Authors: Burris Gene , Clower D.F. , Rogers R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were 8 x 95 ft and were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design with 25 ft alleys. Nemacur 1.5 lb ai/acre was applied “in furrow” to control nematodes and thrips. Insecticide treatments were applied using a John Deere 6000 high clearance sprayer equipped with an auxiliary compressed air system with 2 X-3 hollow cone spray tips per row delivering 2.5 GPA of total solution. Applications were made on July 15, 21, 26, 31 and August 6, 11, 16, and 22. Twenty five squares/plot/replicate were examined from the center rows within 48 hr after treatment. Cotton was machine harvested from two rows and weights were converted to lb seed cotton per acre.
Cotton Bollworm: Adult Mortality with Sevinmol 4, 1980
Authors: Gould Paul M. , Young Jerry H. , Price Richard G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this test was to establish the minimum rate of Sevinmol 4 which will give a consistent mortality rate among both male and female adults. Laboratory testing with male and female Heliothiszea (Boddie) adults, reared in laboratory conditions, were conducted In May. A randomized complete block design was used with ten replications. Four concentrations of Sevinmol 4 were mixeXJ with a carrier consisting of 80% water - 20% molasses. The adults were tested within 12 hr after emergence from the pupal stage. No supplemental feeding was given. Each replication contained three adults per treatment. Male and female adults were tested separately in the same time period. Mortality rates were recorded every.2hr fori 2 hr. A final mortality counts was recorded at 24 hr.
Cotton, Tarnished Plant Bug Control, 1980
Authors: Muehleisen D.P. , Gaylor M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 213 cotton was planted on Apr 18 at the Tennessee Valley Substation of Auburn University at Belle Mina, AL. Each plot was ca 1 acre and arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Test chemicals were applied to all plots with a high clearance sprayer on Jul 15 at a rate of ca 10 gpa and 40 psi with 3 nozzles/row. Data were collected by the “beat sheet” method. The 1st post-treatment sample consisted of 6 row ft at 2 locations per plot. All samples were taken in the center of each plot. Insects were field identified and verified in this laboratory.
Chemical Control of Thrips on Cotton, 1980
Authors: Price Richard G. , Young Jerry H. , Gould Paul , Ree Bill 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were conducted at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, Oklahoma. In test 1, Pioneer Brand 4789A was planted on May 12 at 20 lb per acre in a McLain silty loam soil which had been treated with 0.75 lb of Treflan on March 20. Cotton plants in the 3 to 4 leaf stage were side dressed with granular materials on June 6 using a Dempster fertilizer attachment. Granules applied with a Noble granular chemical applicator were deposited 3 in into the soil and approximately 3 to 6 in from the plants. In test 2, Westburn M was planted on June 10 at 20 lb per acre in a Turtle silt loam soil. No herbicide applications were made prior to planting. Immediately after planting, rows were side dressed using the equipment and procedures previously mentioned. Eight-row plots, 150 ft replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design were used in both tests. Thrips populations were determined by taking 10 plants from each plot and placing them in a berelese funnel for 3 hr. Rainfall amounts just prior and during the test were as follows: June 8, 0.15 in; June 9, 0.2 in; June 20, 1.2 in; and June 22, 0.68 in.
Field Evaluation of Foliar Insecticides for Postflowering Mung Bean Insects, Pangasinan, Philippines 1979-80
Authors: Litsinger J. A. , dela Cruz C.G. , Paragna F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three trials on farmers’ mung bean fields planted on Dec 11 in the village of Pao, Manaoag municipality, Pangasinan province evaluated 16 foliar insecticides against post-flowering mung bean insects, predominantly Heliothis. Each insecticide was applied 25 and 35 days after crop emergence (Test 1 and 2) at 700 l/ha spray volume to 4 replicated plots (50 m2) by a manually operated, 19-1 knapsack sprayer with a fan jet nozzle in randomized complete block design. All plots, including the check received preflowering insecticide - 0.5 kg ai Azodrin/ha on 2 and 12 days after crop emergence (DE). Decis at 0.03 kg ai/ha was included in each trial as the standard check. Plastic sheeting (1-m wide) was held between plots to prevent spray drift. Mung bean (300,000 plants/Via) was broadcast sown and harrowed into tilled seedbeds (plowed and harrowed by draft animal power) on fields previously planted to puddled rice during the monsoon season. Fields were irrigated once to ensure even germination. Rainfall was 6 mm, RH averaged 79%, and the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures were 32°C and 18°C, respectively for the 25-60 DE crop interval.