bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Persistent Submesoscale Frontal Slick: A Novel Marker of the Mesoscale Flow Field in a Large Lake (Lake Geneva)
Authors: Foroughan Mehrshad , Hamze‐Ziabari Seyed Mahmood , Lemmin Ulrich , Barry David Andrew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSubmesoscale fronts often become visible when the accumulation of biosurfactants in the water surface microlayer causes smooth surfaces, called frontal slicks, to develop. Based on in situ and remotely‐sensed data, a frontal slick was documented for the first time in a lake (Lake Geneva). A quasi‐stationary ∼10‐km long slick formed on the warm side of a surface temperature front with strong horizontal velocity strain. The slick width increased from ∼50 to ∼200 m in ∼1.5 hr due to “feeding” by wind‐driven, rapidly‐moving smaller slicks. Numerical modeling results, confirmed by satellite data, indicated that the boundary between mesoscale gyres isolated warm surface water from cold water associated with wind‐induced coastal upwelling. Measurements and modeling suggest that frontogenetic sharpening of the submesoscale temperature gradient created an active front with strong convergent flow. Such dynamics must be considered in buoyant material transport and the vertical exchange of surface water with deeper layers in lakes.
Lateral Extent of Pyroclastic Surge Deposits at Ubehebe Crater (Death Valley, California) and Implications for Hazards in Monogenetic Volcanic Fields
Authors: Valentine Greg A. , Fierstein Judy , White James D. L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHazard assessments in monogenetic volcanic fields require estimates of the runout of pyroclastic surges that result from phreatomagmatic explosive activity. Previous assessments used runout distances of 1–4 km, with large cases up to 6 km. Surge deposits at Ubehebe Crater (∼2100 y.b.p., Death Valley, California) have been traced ∼9 km from the crater center, and likely originally extended 1–3 km farther. There is no evidence that the Ubehebe Crater activity was unusually energetic; rather, its distal deposits are better preserved than those at most maar volcanoes because of its young age and the arid environment. Numerical simulations illustrate how low temperatures facilitate long runout of phreatomagmatic surges due to reduced expansion of entrained air compared to hot surges, allowing cool surges to retain higher densities than ambient air. We suggest that hazard assessments for volcanic fields with phreatomagmatic, maar‐forming eruptions should consider runout distances in the range of 10–15 km.
Non‐Adiabatic Acceleration of Injected Electrons in the Inner Magnetosphere: Joint Observations by the Van Allen Probe and the BeiDa Imaging Electron Spectrometer
Authors: Chen Xingran , Zhang Hui , Zong Qiugang , Zhou Xuzhi , Zou Hong , Wang Yongfu , Yue Chao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present joint observations of a substorm injection event on 5 February 2016. The enhancements of energetic electron (∼30 to ∼300 keV) fluxes, the drift echoes of the injected electrons, and the quasi‐monochromatic ultralow frequency oscillations embedded in the flux variations were simultaneously observed by the BeiDa Imaging Electron Spectrometer and the Van Allen Probe B. These vivid features of substorm injection were concretely captured by multiple spacecraft within the geosynchronous distance for the first time. The radial separation of the spacecraft (∼0.3 RE) allowed for a quantitative comparison of the electron flux and phase space density (PSD) across different drift shells. It is found that a more intense increase of equatorial PSD occurred at the lower L‐shell (L* ∼5.5), which indicated a non‐adiabatic acceleration of the injected electrons in the inner magnetosphere.
A Global Analysis of Crater Depth/Diameter Ratios on the Moon
Authors: Wu Bo , Wang Yiran , Werner Stephanie C. , Prieur Nils C. , Xiao Zhiyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOn the Moon, the old anorthositic highland rocks and younger basaltic mare units show distinguishable differences in appearance. The craters on the lunar highlands and maria also show variation in morphological characteristics. We analyzed the crater morphologies on a global scale, based on our new global catalog of lunar impact craters (≥1 km in diameter) with morphological information for each crater. We find that there is a global power‐law relationship with an offset term between crater depth‐to‐diameter ratios and crater densities. Small craters (less than ∼4 km in diameter) on the lunar maria are found to be deeper than those on the highlands, indicating differences in target properties and crater degradations. Furthermore, the depths of the deepest simple craters identified on the lunar maria and the highlands provide references that the mare basalts and highland upper megaregolith have thicknesses of ∼2.3 and ∼3.3 km, respectively.
Phosphine in the Venusian Atmosphere: A Strict Upper Limit From SOFIA GREAT Observations
Authors: Cordiner M. A. , Villanueva G. L. , Wiesemeyer H. , Milam S. N. , de Pater I. , Moullet A. , Aladro R. , Nixon C. A. , Thelen A. E. , Charnley S. B. , Stutzki J. , Kofman V. , Faggi S. , Liuzzi G. , Cosentino R. , McGuire B. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe presence of phosphine (PH3) in the atmosphere of Venus was reported by Greaves et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-020-1174-4), based on observations of the J = 1–0 transition at 267 GHz using ground‐based, millimeter‐wave spectroscopy. This unexpected discovery presents a challenge for our understanding of Venus's atmosphere, and has led to a reappraisal of the possible sources and sinks of atmospheric phosphorous‐bearing gases. Here we present results from a search for PH3 on Venus using the German REceiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies instrument aboard the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy aircraft, over three flights conducted in November 2021. Multiple PH3 transitions were targeted at frequencies centered on 533 and 1,067 GHz, but no evidence for atmospheric PH3 was detected. Through radiative transfer modeling, we derived a disk‐averaged upper limit on the PH3 abundance of 0.8 ppb in the altitude range 75–110 km, which is more stringent than previous ground‐based studies.
Far‐Ultraviolet Photometric Characteristics of JSC‐1A and LMS‐1 Lunar Regolith Simulants: Comparative Investigations With Apollo 10084
Authors: Gimar C. J. , Raut U. , Poston M. J. , Stevanovic A. , Protopapa S. , Greathouse T. K. , Retherford K. D. , Friday J. M. , Grimes J. T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe have characterized the far‐ultraviolet (FUV) spectro‐photometric response of lunar soil simulants JSC‐1A and LMS‐1, reporting notable differences from our previous results for Apollo soil 10084 (Raut et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005567). While JSC‐1A and LMS‐1 were designed to emulate the geotechnical and compositional properties of a low‐Ti and high‐Ti mare soil respectively, these terrestrial simulants lack “space weathering” attributes such as the nanophase iron present in the weathered rims of Apollo grains and glassy agglutinates. Photometric analyses of the JSC‐1A phase curves reveal a ∼3–4 fold increase in single scattering albedo (SSA) and a forward scattering behavior compared to 10084. LMS‐1 is shown to have SSA nearly twice that of 10084 and a near isotropic reflectance. Additionally, both JSC‐1A and LMS‐1 spectra present a blue slope in the FUV, with the JSC‐1A slope ∼10× larger than that reported for the 10084 soil. Our analyses imply that low‐Ti content corroborated using energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, correlates to brighter FUV reflectance and a greater spectral blue slope for JSC‐1A, while space weathering components likely contribute to the backscattering of FUV light by the Apollo soil relative to both simulants. Further work with an extended set of Apollo soils is warranted to deconvolute the relative contributions of weathering and composition to their FUV spectro‐photometric response.
Higher Temperature Sensitivity of Ecosystem Respiration in Low Marsh Compared to High Elevation Marsh Ecosystems
Authors: Carey Joanna C. , Kroeger Kevin D. , Tang Jianwu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSalt marsh habitats contain some of the highest quantities of soil organic carbon (C) per unit area, but increasing anthropogenic stressors threaten their ability to maintain themselves as large C reservoirs in some regions. We quantify rates of C gas exchange (methane [CH4] and carbon dioxide [CO2]) monthly across a 16‐month period from a low nitrogen “reference” salt marsh on Cape Cod in New England using static chambers. While the summer period is the most dynamic period of marsh C gas exchange, we observed substantial fluxes in the early summer through late fall, highlighting the importance of including shoulder seasons in studies of marsh C exchange. We estimate annual ecosystem respiration between 108 and 252 g C m−2 yr−1, which varied based on temperature and elevation. This flux is lower than in other nearby marshes, which we attribute to the frequently inundated, microtidal nature of the site, resulting in the majority of respired CO2 being exported via lateral, not vertical, fluxes from this marsh. We observed significantly higher temperature sensitivity from the low elevation of the marsh compared to the high marsh. Recent acceleration in the rate of sea level rise is leading to a well‐documented expansion of low marsh into high marsh vegetation zones in this marsh system and others in the region. While rates of C burial are higher in the low marsh compared to the high marsh, the higher temperature sensitivity of respiration in the low marsh may diminish the longevity of marsh C stocks with climate warming.
First Observations From a New Meteor Radar at McMurdo Station Antarctica (77.8°S, 166.7°E)
Authors: Marino J. , Palo S. E. , Rainville N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA new 36.17 MHz all‐sky meteor radar was installed at McMurdo Station Antarctica (77.8°S, 166.7°E) in February 2018 to provide wind measurements in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region (70–120 km). This instrument is the highest latitude meteor radar currently in operation in the southern hemisphere; it joins two other meteor radars within the Antarctic Circle. The radar will provide long‐term continuous wind measurements of the polar region, and contribute to a greater understanding of MLT dynamics. This work describes the radar hardware and its context with other instruments in the region. The paper provides an overview of the spatial and temporal variation in meteor echoes over the observation period of March 2018 through October 2021. It also provides an analysis of the mean winds and solar tides over the first three years of operation; including a description of an observed 12 hr summertime wind oscillation consistent with previously documented observations of a westward propagating 12 hr non‐migrating tide of zonal wavenumber 1.
A Comprehensive Assessment of Floodwater Depth Estimation Models in Semiarid Regions
Authors: Teng J. , Penton D. J. , Ticehurst C. , Sengupta A. , Freebairn A. , Marvanek S. , Vaze J. , Gibbs M. , Streeton N. , Karim F. , Morton S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSimple models continue to be important for continental‐scale floodwater depth mapping due to the prohibitively expensive cost of calibrating and applying hydrodynamic models. This paper investigates the accuracy of three simple models for floodwater depth estimation from remote sensing derived water extent and/or Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in semiarid regions. The three models are Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND; Nobre et al., 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.051), Teng Vaze Dutta (TVD; Teng et al., 2013, http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/97033?index=1), and Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET; Cohen, Brakenridge, et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12609). The model accuracy and nature of errors are established using industry's best practice hydrodynamic models as benchmarks in three regions in eastern Australia. The overall results show that FwDET tends to underestimate (by 0.32 m at 50th percentile) while HAND and TVD overestimate floodwater depth for almost all floods (by 0.97 and 0.98 m, respectively). We quantify how switching DEM from 5 m LiDAR to national or global data sets DEM‐H (Gallant et al., 2011, https://ecat.ga.gov.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/72759), MERIT (Yamazaki et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR024873), or FABDEM (Hawker et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4d4f) can affect different models differently; and we evaluate model performance against reach geomorphology and magnitude of flood events. The findings emphasize the importance of choosing a model that is fit for the intended application. By describing the applicability, advantages, and limitations of these models, this paper assists practitioners to choose the most appropriate model based on characteristics of their study area, type of problems they try to solve, and data availability.
Falls on an inpatient rehabilitation spinal injuries unit: the characteristics, circumstances, and consequences
Authors: Marshall Kathryn , Fleming Jennifer , Atresh Sridhar , Scott Justin, R. , Gustafsson Louise , Patterson Freyr 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Study design
Retrospective audit

Objectives
To describe the nature of falls and fallers in a spinal injuries unit (SIU) and identify factors associated with having more than one fall (recurrent fallers) and falls with physical or psychological consequences (consequential falls).

Setting
An Australian inpatient rehabilitation SIU.

Methods
Data were retrospectively extracted from falls incident reports and electronic medical records over a 5-year period. Data were analysed descriptively to summarise participant and fall details. Univariate analyses identified candidate variables for further investigation in a multivariate model for recurrent fallers and consequential falls.

Results
Of the 566 persons admitted to the SIU, 132 (23%) participants experienced 207 falls over the 5 years. Of the fallers, 41 (31%) were recurrent fallers experiencing between 2 and 7 falls and 78 (59%) experienced a consequential fall. No significant variables were identified for recurrent fallers. For consequential falls, older age (OR = 1.038, 95% CI, 1.012 to 1.064, p = 0.004) and female gender (OR = 3.581, 95% CI, 1.269 to 10.103, p = 0.016) were significant, as well as falls that occurred on a Sunday (OR = 0.196, 95% CI, 0.061 to 0.630, p = 0.006). Falls while transferring were less likely to be consequential (OR = 4.100, 95% CI, 1.706 to 9.856, p = 0.002).

Conclusions
Nearly one quarter of SIU inpatients experienced a fall with almost a third of those who fell experiencing recurrent falls. Older age, female gender, and Sundays were risk factors for falls with consequence.
Acinar ATP8b1/LPC pathway promotes macrophage efferocytosis and clearance of inflammation during chronic pancreatitis development
Authors: Yang Wan-jun , Cao Rong-chang , Xiao Wang , Zhang Xiao-lou , Xu Hao , Wang Meng , Zhou Zhi-tao , Chen Huo-ji , Xu Jia , Chen Xue-mei , Zeng Jun-ling , Li Shu-ji , Luo Min , Han Yan-jiang , Yang Xiao-bing , Feng Guo-dong , Lu Yu-heng , Ni Yuan-yuan , Wu Chan-gui , Bai Jun-jie , Yuan Zi-qi , Jin Jin , Zhang Guo-wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNoninflammatory clearance of dying cells by professional phagocytes, termed efferocytosis, is fundamental in both homeostasis and inflammatory fibrosis disease but has not been confirmed to occur in chronic pancreatitis (CP). Here, we investigated whether efferocytosis constitutes a novel regulatory target in CP and its mechanisms. PRSS1 transgenic (PRSS1Tg) mice were treated with caerulein to mimic CP development. Phospholipid metabolite profiling and epigenetic assays were performed with PRSS1Tg CP models. The potential functions of Atp8b1 in CP model were clarified using Atp8b1-overexpressing adeno-associated virus, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and lipid metabolomic approaches. ATAC-seq combined with RNA-seq was then used to identify transcription factors binding to the Atp8b1 promoter, and ChIP-qPCR and luciferase assays were used to confirm that the identified transcription factor bound to the Atp8b1 promoter, and to identify the specific binding site. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the proportion of pancreatic macrophages. Decreased efferocytosis with aggravated inflammation was identified in CP. The lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) pathway was the most obviously dysregulated phospholipid pathway, and LPC and Atp8b1 expression gradually decreased during CP development. H3K27me3 ChIP-seq showed that increased Atp8b1 promoter methylation led to transcriptional inhibition. Atp8b1 complementation substantially increased the LPC concentration and improved CP outcomes. Bhlha15 was identified as a transcription factor that binds to the Atp8b1 promoter and regulates phospholipid metabolism. Our study indicates that the acinar Atp8b1/LPC pathway acts as an important “find-me” signal for macrophages and plays a protective role in CP, with Atp8b1 transcription promoted by the acinar cell-specific transcription factor Bhlha15. Bhlha15, Atp8b1, and LPC could be clinically translated into valuable therapeutic targets to overcome the limitations of current CP therapies.
Mirror-induced reflection in the frequency domain
Authors: Hu Yaowen , Yu Mengjie , Sinclair Neil , Zhu Di , Cheng Rebecca , Wang Cheng , Lončar Marko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMirrors are ubiquitous in optics and are used to control the propagation of optical signals in space. Here we propose and demonstrate frequency domain mirrors that provide reflections of the optical energy in a frequency synthetic dimension, using electro-optic modulation. First, we theoretically explore the concept of frequency mirrors with the investigation of propagation loss, and reflectivity in the frequency domain. Next, we explore the mirror formed through polarization mode-splitting in a thin-film lithium niobate micro-resonator. By exciting the Bloch waves of the synthetic frequency crystal with different wave vectors, we show various states formed by the interference between forward propagating and reflected waves. Finally, we expand on this idea, and generate tunable frequency mirrors as well as demonstrate trapped states formed by these mirrors using coupled lithium niobate micro-resonators. The ability to control the flow of light in the frequency domain could enable a wide range of applications, including the study of random walks, boson sampling, frequency comb sources, optical computation, and topological photonics. Furthermore, demonstration of optical elements such as cavities, lasers, and photonic crystals in the frequency domain, may be possible.
Layer-specific, retinotopically-diffuse modulation in human visual cortex in response to viewing emotionally expressive faces
Authors: Liu Tina T. , Fu Jason Z , Chai Yuhui , Japee Shruti , Chen Gang , Ungerleider Leslie G. , Merriam Elisha P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractViewing faces that are perceived as emotionally expressive evokes enhanced neural responses in multiple brain regions, a phenomenon thought to depend critically on the amygdala. This emotion-related modulation is evident even in primary visual cortex (V1), providing a potential neural substrate by which emotionally salient stimuli can affect perception. How does emotional valence information, computed in the amygdala, reach V1? Here we use high-resolution functional MRI to investigate the layer profile and retinotopic distribution of neural activity specific to emotional facial expressions. Across three experiments, human participants viewed centrally presented face stimuli varying in emotional expression and performed a gender judgment task. We found that facial valence sensitivity was evident only in superficial cortical layers and was not restricted to the retinotopic location of the stimuli, consistent with diffuse feedback-like projections from the amygdala. Together, our results provide a feedback mechanism by which the amygdala directly modulates activity at the earliest stage of visual processing.
Resolving puzzles of the phase-transformation-based mechanism of the strong deep-focus earthquake
Authors: Levitas Valery I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeep-focus earthquakes that occur at 350–660 km are assumed to be caused by olivine → spinel phase transformation (PT). However, there are many existing puzzles: (a) What are the mechanisms for jump from geological 10−17 − 10−15 s−1to seismic 10 − 103 s−1strain rates? Is it possible without PT? (b) How does metastable olivine, which does not completely transform to spinel for over a million years, suddenly transform during seconds? (c) How to connect shear-dominated seismic signals with volume-change-dominated PT strain? Here, we introduce a combination of several novel concepts that resolve the above puzzles quantitatively. We treat the transformation in olivine like plastic strain-induced (instead of pressure/stress-induced) and find an analytical 3D solution for coupled deformation-transformation-heating in a shear band. This solution predicts conditions for severe (singular) transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and self-blown-up deformation-transformation-heating process due to positive thermomechanochemical feedback between TRIP and strain-induced transformation. This process leads to temperature in a band, above which the self-blown-up shear-heating process in the shear band occurs after finishing the PT. Our findings change the main concepts in studying the initiation of the deep-focus earthquakes and PTs during plastic flow in geophysics in general.
TRPM8 contributes to sex dimorphism by promoting recovery of normal sensitivity in a mouse model of chronic migraine
Authors: Alarcón-Alarcón David , Cabañero David , de Andrés-López Jorge , Nikolaeva-Koleva Magdalena , Giorgi Simona , Fernández-Ballester Gregorio , Fernández-Carvajal Asia , Ferrer-Montiel Antonio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTRPA1 and TRPM8 are transient receptor potential channels expressed in trigeminal neurons that are related to pathophysiology in migraine models. Here we use a mouse model of nitroglycerine-induced chronic migraine that displays a sexually dimorphic phenotype, characterized by mechanical hypersensitivity that develops in males and females, and is persistent up to day 20 in female mice, but disappears by day 18 in male mice. TRPA1 is required for development of hypersensitivity in males and females, whereas TRPM8 contributes to the faster recovery from hypersensitivity in males. TRPM8-mediated antinociception effects required the presence of endogenous testosterone in males. Administration of exogenous testosterone to females and orchidectomized males led to recovery from hypersensitivity. Calcium imaging and electrophysiological recordings in in vitro systems confirmed testosterone activity on murine and human TRPM8, independent of androgen receptor expression. Our findings suggest a protective function of TRPM8 in shortening the time frame of hypersensitivity in a mouse model of migraine.