bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magisterial authority and competing theories of natural law in Calvin'sInstitutes
Authors: Kincaid Elisabeth Rain 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that John Calvin's problematic grant of magisterial authority to enforce proper religious worship contradicts much of his own political theology and in fact depends upon an ambiguity in his natural law theory. I demonstrate this ambiguity by examining the differing claims in theInstitutesregarding which of the tables of the Decalogue are accessible through natural law reasoning. I also consider the significance of this ambiguity for Calvin's political theology. I then suggest a partial retrieval of Calvin's political theology which is both more compelling to many contemporary Christians and in a better alignment with much of Calvin's own political theory.
Ransom theory in a new economy: Recontextualising a metaphor
Authors: Sutherland Andrew W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article demonstrates that an economic context is essential to the metaphor that Anselm of Canterbury and Peter Abelard used in their arguments against a ransom theory of atonement. Contrary to typical analyses, which suggest their metaphor makes a point about obedience or honour that slaves or servants owe to a master or king, this metaphor in fact suggests relations between the lord of a manor and his servi – serfs bound to the land, perpetually indebted to the lord and effectively considered his property. Should servi attempt to desert their lord, he had the right simply to reclaim them wherever they went. Insofar as this right voided the servus’ choice to leave their lord, the metaphorical framework of manorial economy ruled out the ‘rights of the devil’ in a way previous debt-slavery and military frameworks for ransom theory (in themselves) did not.
Will we see God's essence? A defence of a Thomistic account of the beatific vision
Authors: Ortlund Gavin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent discussion regarding the beatific vision has concerned the object of the vision. Thomas Aquinas represents a robust account of the beatific vision according to which God will be seen in his essence by saints and angels in heaven. Others, however, have worried that such a view risks imperilling divine transcendence and incomprehensibility and favour instead an understanding of the beatific vision that is christologically oriented. This article offers a defence of the claim that we will see God's essence in heaven. First, it draws attention to various distinctions in Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologiae concerning how we see the divine essence in heaven. Then, it demonstrates points of continuity between Thomas’ account and that of later Protestants, particularly Calvin and Turretin. Third, following Simon Gaine, it argues that Thomas’ account of the beatific vision is not christologically deficient. Finally, it argues that Thomas’ account has biblical support.
Comparison of dietary share of ultra-processed foods assessed with a FFQ against a 24-h dietary recall in adults: results from KNHANES 2016
Authors: Jung Sukyoung , Park Sohyun , Kim Jee Young 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the performance of an FFQ for estimating dietary contributions of NOVA groups to individuals’ diets with a specific focus on ultra-processed foods (UPF) compared with a single 24-h dietary recall (24HR).Design:All consumed foods and beverages assess with both a 109-item FFQ and a single 24HR were classified into one of four NOVA groups: natural or minimally processed foods (MPF), processed culinary ingredients (PCI), processed foods (PF) and UPF. The contributions of each NOVA group to daily intakes of energy, protein, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, fibre and Na were expressed as crude intake, energy-adjusted intake and percentage intake. Mean differences, correlation coefficients and joint classification were calculated for intakes of energy and nutrients from each NOVA group between the FFQ and the 24HR.Setting:The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016.Participants:Adults aged 19–64 years (n 3189).Results:The smallest group-mean differences between the two methods were observed in UPF (2–40 %). The greatest average Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the FFQ and 24HR were shown in dietary contributions of UPF (r = 0·22–0·25 for MPF; r = 0·02–0·05 for PCI; r = 0·11–0·18 for PF; r = 0·26–0·30 for UPF). The greatest agreement in quartile classification between the FFQ and the 24HR was observed in dietary contributions of UPF (70·0–71·5 % for MPF; 64·2–68·8 % for PCI; 66·9–69·2 % for PF; 71·8–73·9 % for UPF).Conclusions:The use of the FFQ for estimating absolute intake of UPF may not be encouraged in its current form, but it still may be used for relative comparisons such as quantile categorisation.
What is Wrong with the Recent Semiological Interpretation of Kant’s Religion
Authors: Pasternack Lawrence 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, I challenge the semiological interpretation of Kant’s Religion, particularly as advanced in recent years by James DiCenso and Allen Wood. As I here argue, their interpretations are neither compatible with broader aspects of Kant’s positive philosophy of religion, nor with how Kant himself describes the project of the Religion. Kant wrote the Religion in order to explore the compatibility between his theologically affirmative pure rational system of religion and Christian doctrines, particularly as understood by the Lutherans and Lutheran Pietists of his era, rather than as a treatise on how to make Christian theology compatible with contemporary secularism.
Genetic architecture, physio-biochemical characterization and identification of elite cytoplasmic male sterile (pt-CMS) based combiners in developing antioxidant-rich carrot
Authors: Ghemeray Hemant , Kumar Raj , Behera T. K. , Sharma V. K. , Singh Saurabh , Bhatia Reeta , Dey S. S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExistence of genetic divergence, appropriate characterization of breeding lines for economically important traits and determining parents with favourable alleles is the crux of crop genetic improvement programmes. This study is the first report of unravelling genetics and potential of petaloid-type cytoplasmic male sterile (pt-CMS) lines in carrot. Ten pt-CMS lines were crossed with 10 inbreds in line × tester mating fashion to generate 100 testcross progenies. Nutritional profiling of the 100 testcrosses progenies along with 20 parental types was carried out for two consecutive years for eight important traits to identify superior combiners. The pooled analysis revealed that the carotenoid content in root is under the genetic control of major genes (oligogenic). The pooled analysis revealed less than unity value of σ2A/D and σgca2/σsca2 for majority of the traits depicting preponderance of non-additive gene effects. The pt-CMS lines KT-28A, Kt-62A, KT-80A and KT-95A were identified as good combiners for carotenoids. The cross combination, KT-98A × KS-50 identified as the best heterotic combiner for CUPRAC and FRAP content over the years. Similarly, the combinations, KT-62A × KS-21, KT-80A × New Kuroda and KT-62A × KS-59 were found promising across the years for developing nutritionally rich F1 hybrids. The interaction analysis among the different antioxidant traits and plant pigments unveiled the scope of simultaneous improvement.
Increasing Future Precipitation in the Southwestern US in the Summer and Its Contrasting Mechanism With Decreasing Precipitation in the Spring
Authors: Liang Wengui , Zhang Minghua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt has been known that the southwestern United States (US) has experienced a drying trend during spring as climate warms. Less is known about the projected increase of summer precipitation in the region and its physical mechanisms. By using climate model simulations and moisture budget analysis, we show that in contrast to the spring, the changes of moisture gradient and wind convergence both cause increasing precipitation during summer. The change of the moisture gradient is featured by larger increase of water vapor along the western coast than inland, thus causing enhanced moisture advection in the future climate. The change of the wind convergence is caused by the maximum jet weakening over the continental US near the latitudes of the region, which leads to enhanced moisture convergence.
Crustal Thickening of the Northern Central Andean Plateau Inferred From Trace Elements in Zircon
Authors: Sundell Kurt E. , George Sarah W.M. , Carrapa Barbara , Gehrels George E. , Ducea Mihai N. , Saylor Joel E. , Pepper Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe timing of crustal thickening in the northern Central Andean Plateau (CAP), at 13–20°S, and its relationship to surface uplift is debated. Zircon qualitatively records crustal thickness as its trace element chemistry is controlled by the growth of cogenetic minerals and relative uptake of light and heavy Rare Earth Elements. Jurassic to Neogene zircons from volcanic rocks, sandstones, and river sediments reveal shifts in trace element ratios suggesting major crustal thickening at 80–55 Ma and 35–0 Ma, coincident with high‐flux magmatism. An intervening magmatic lull due to shallow subduction obscures the magmatic record from 55 to 35 Ma during which thickening continued via crustal shortening. Protracted thickening since the Late Cretaceous correlates with early elevation gain of the CAP western margin, but contrasts with Miocene establishment of near modern elevation in the northern CAP and the onset of hyperaridity along the Pacific coast, highlighting their complex spatial and temporal relationship.
Attribution of Observed Recent Decrease in Low Clouds Over the Northeastern Pacific to Cloud‐Controlling Factors
Authors: Andersen Hendrik , Cermak Jan , Zipfel Lukas , Myers Timothy A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMarine low clouds cool the Earth's climate, with their coverage (LCC) being controlled by their environment. Here, an observed significant decrease of LCC in the northeastern Pacific over the past two decades is linked quantitatively to changes in cloud‐controlling factors. In a comparison of different statistical and machine learning methods, a decrease in the inversion strength and near‐surface winds, and an increase in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are unanimously shown to be the main causes of the LCC decrease. While the decreased inversion strength leads to more entrainment of dry free‐tropospheric air, the increasing SSTs are shown to lead to an increased vertical moisture gradient that enhances evaporation when entrainment takes place. While the LCC trend is likely driven by natural variability, the trend‐attribution framework developed here can be used with any method in future analyses. We find the choice of predictors is more important than the method.
A New Perspective on Drought Propagation: Causality
Authors: Shi Haiyun , Zhao Yiyang , Liu Suning , Cai Hejiang , Zhou Zhaoqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe essence of propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought is the cause‐effect relationship between precipitation and runoff. This study challenged the reliability of applying linear or non‐linear correlation (i.e., closeness/similarity, a non‐directional scalar) to study drought propagation (i.e., causality, a directional vector). Meanwhile, in the field of hydrometeorology, causality analysis is burgeoning in model simulations, but still rare in analyzing the observations. Therefore, this study aims to provide a new perspective on drought propagation (i.e., causality) using convergent cross mapping (CCM) based on pure observations. Compared with the results in previous studies, the effectiveness of applying causality analysis in drought propagation study was proven, indicating that causality analysis would be more powerful than correlation analysis, especially for detecting drought propagation direction.
Plume‐Lithosphere Interaction and Delamination at Yellowstone and Its Implications for the Boundary of Craton Stability
Authors: Shi Ya‐Nan , Morgan Jason P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDelamination of the lower lithosphere has occurred under different tectonic settings, thereby inducing strong lateral lithospheric strength heterogeneities. Here, we examine a recent case of plume‐induced lithosphere delamination associated with the Yellowstone plume. We propose that interaction between the Yellowstone plume and western North American lithosphere is what led to delamination of the lower lithosphere beneath the Columbia River Basalt (CRB) roughly ∼17 Myr ago. The excess melting that occurred when this “hole” was being filled by Yellowstone plume material was the primary trigger for the CRB excess melting event. The delaminated lower lithosphere currently lies to the northeast of the CRB; it can be clearly identified in recent seismic tomographic models. We suggest that both weak zones, for example, lithosphere‐crossing faults or suture zones, or vertical weaknesses associated with hotspot tracks, and strong zones (regions not underlain by weak mid‐lithosphere discontinuity material) can become the lateral boundaries of lithosphere delamination.
TAO Data Support the Existence of Large High Frequency Variations in Cross‐Equatorial Overturning Circulation
Authors: Baker L. E. , Bell M. J. , Blaker A. T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLarge amplitude oscillations in the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) have been found near the equator in all major ocean basins in the NEMO ocean general circulation model. With periods of 3–15 days and amplitudes of ∼±100 Sv in the Pacific, these oscillations have been shown to correspond to zonally integrated equatorially trapped waves forced by winds within 10°N/S of the equator. Observations of dynamic height from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) mooring array in the equatorial Pacific also exhibit spectral peaks consistent with the dispersion relation for equatorially trapped waves. Here, we revisit the TAO observations to confirm that the amplitude of the oscillations is consistent with the simulations, supporting the modeled large amplitude MOC oscillations. We also show that the zonal structure of the frequency spectrum in both observations and simulations is predicted by changes in the baroclinic wave speed with variation in stratification across the ocean basin.
New Paleomagnetic and Chronological Constraints on the Late Triassic Position of the Eastern Qiangtang Terrane: Implications for the Closure of the Paleo‐Jinshajiang Ocean
Authors: Yu Liang , Yan Maodu , Domeier Mathew , Guan Chong , Shen Miaomiao , Fu Qiang , Xu Wanlong , Xu Zunbo , Niu Zhichao , Yang Liye , Shi Rendeng , Zhang Weilin , Zan Jinbo , Zhang Dawen , Li Bingshuai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe tectonic evolution of the Paleo‐Jinshajiang Ocean, and in particular the time of its closure, is debated. Here we present new constraints on the evolution of this region from an integrated paleomagnetic and geochronologic study of the Late Triassic Batang Group volcanic rocks in Qamdo, Eastern Qiangtang Terrane (EQT). Two zircon U‐Pb ages indicate that the volcanic rocks erupted at ∼227–222 Ma. New paleomagnetic results yield a robust Late Triassic paleopole of 57.6°N, 176.4°E (A95 = 7.8°), corresponding to a paleolatitude of 32.5 ± 7.8°N for the study area. Integrated with other lines of paleomagnetic and geological evidence, we show that the northward drift of the EQT placed it at the same paleolatitude as the Tarim Block by ∼227–222 Ma, which suggests that the Paleo‐Jinshajiang Ocean in the Qamdo region closed before that time, and likely around ∼230 Ma.
Multi‐Event Study on the Connection Between Subauroral Polarization Streams and Deep Energetic Particle Injections in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Califf S. , Zhao H. , Gkioulidou M. , Manweiler J. W. , Mitchell D. G. , Tian S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnergetic electron flux enhancements for 100s keV energies are often observed at low L shells (L < 4) in the inner magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms. However, protons with similar energies do not penetrate as deeply as electrons. Electric fields from subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) have been proposed as a mechanism to explain the difference between the 100s keV electron and proton behavior by altering the particles’ drift paths and allowing electrons to access lower L shells than protons. Although the primary signature of SAPS is a strong radial electric field, there are corresponding westward/eastward azimuthal electric fields on the eastern/western regions of the SAPS that cause inward/outward radial transport and a differential response between the oppositely drifting electrons and protons. We examine three events where SAPS were observed by the Van Allen Probes near the same time and L shell range as 100s keV electron enhancements deep within the inner magnetosphere. The observations demonstrate that 100s keV electrons were progressively transported radially inward and trapped at low L shells that were consistent with the spatial extent of the SAPS electric fields. Proton flux enhancements were limited to <100 keV energies and were only observed temporarily in the SAPS region, indicating that these particles were on open drift paths. The particle observations are consistent with the differential drift paths for electrons and protons predicted by a simple SAPS electric field model, suggesting that SAPS play an important role in 100s keV particle dynamics at low L shells in the inner magnetosphere.
Reconstructing Fine‐Scale Ocean Variability via Data Assimilation of the SWOT Pre‐Launch In Situ Observing System
Authors: Archer Matthew R. , Li Zhijin , Wang Jinbo , Fu Lee‐Lueng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAfter the surface water and ocean topography (SWOT) satellite launches in 2022, an in‐situ field campaign will be conducted to estimate the ocean state for calibration and validation (CalVal) purposes. It is demonstrably difficult to capture the sea surface height (SSH) features that are the focus of SWOT, with short time periods (<20 days) and fine‐scale spatial structures (15–150 km). Therefore, a critical component of the SWOT CalVal will be a data assimilation (DA) system coupled to a primitive equation numerical model that can estimate: (a) the 2D SSH over the SWOT swaths, and (b) the 3D dynamical (velocity) field. To explore the ability of DA to meet the challenges of SWOT fine‐scale observations, a multiscale DA system based on an extended 3D variational method has been developed. Here, we present a strategic evaluation of this DA system, with a focus to assimilate in‐situ data from an observing system to best represent the fine‐scale ocean variability at the CalVal site. The DA estimate is compared to independent observations taken during the 2019 pre‐launch field campaign 300‐km off Monterey Bay, California. The key result is this DA system can reconstruct the upper 500‐m steric height with O(1‐cm) error at hourly resolution, and subcentimeter error for periods longer than 2 days.
Canyon Wall and Floor Debris Deposits in Aeolis Mons, Mars
Authors: Hughes M. N. , Arvidson R. E. , Dietrich W. E. , Lamb M. P. , Catalano J. G. , Grotzinger J. P. , Bryk A. B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAeolis Mons (informally, Mount Sharp) exhibits a number of canyons, including Gediz and Sakarya Valles. Poorly sorted debris deposits are evident on both canyon floors and connect with debris extending down the walls for canyon segments that cut through sulphate‐bearing strata. On the floor of Gediz Vallis, debris overfills a central channel and merges with a massive debris ridge located at the canyon terminus. One wall‐based debris ridge is evident. In comparison, the floor of Sakarya Vallis exhibits a complex array of debris deposits. Debris deposits on wall segments within Sakarya Vallis are mainly contained within chutes that extend downhill from scarps. Lateral debris ridges are also evident on chute margins. We interpret the debris deposits in the two canyons to be a consequence of one or more late‐stage hydrogeomorphic events that increased the probability of landslides, assembled and channelized debris on the canyon floors, and moved materials down‐canyon. The highly soluble nature of the sulphate‐bearing rocks likely contributed to enhanced debris generation by concurrent aqueous weathering to produce blocky regolith for transport downslope by fluvial activity and landslides, including some landslides that became debris flows. Subsequent wind erosion in Gediz Vallis removed most of the debris deposits within that canyon and partially eroded the deposits within Sakarya Vallis. The enhanced wind erosion within Gediz Vallis was a consequence of the canyon's alignment with prevailing slope winds.
Normalization of impaired emotion inhibition in bipolar disorder mediated by cholinergic neurotransmission in the cingulate cortex
Authors: Nabulsi Leila , Farrell Jennifer , McPhilemy Genevieve , Kilmartin Liam , Dauvermann Maria R. , Akudjedu Theophilus N. , Najt Pablo , Ambati Srinath , Martyn Fiona M. , McLoughlin James , Gill Michael , Meaney James , Morris Derek , Frodl Thomas , McDonald Colm , Hallahan Brian , Cannon Dara M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe muscarinic-cholinergic system is involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), and contributes to attention and the top-down and bottom-up cognitive and affective mechanisms of emotional processing, functionally altered in BD. Emotion processing can be assessed by the ability to inhibit a response when the content of the image is emotional. Impaired regulatory capacity of cholinergic neurotransmission conferred by reduced M2-autoreceptor availability is hypothesized to play a role in elevated salience of negative emotional distractors in euthymic BD relative to individuals with no history of mood instability. Thirty-three euthymic BD type-I (DSM-V-TR) and 50 psychiatrically-healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and an emotion-inhibition paradigm before and after intravenous cholinergic challenge using the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine (1 mg), or placebo. Mood, accuracy, and reaction time on either recognizing or inhibiting a response associated with an image involving emotion and regional functional activation were examined for effects of cholinergic challenge physostigmine relative to placebo, prioritizing any interaction with the diagnostic group. Analyses revealed that (1) at baseline, impaired behavioral performance was associated with lower activation in the anterior cingulate cortex in BD relative to controls during emotion processing; (2) physostigmine (vs. placebo) affected behavioral performance during the inhibition of negative emotions, without altering mood, and increased activation in the posterior cingulate cortex in BD (vs. controls); (3) In BD, lower accuracy observed during emotion inhibition of negative emotions was remediated by physostigmine and was associated with cingulate cortex overactivation. Our findings implicate abnormal regulation of cholinergic neurotransmission in the cingulate cortices in BD, which may mediate exaggerated emotional salience processing, a core feature of BD.