bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Features, Therapeutic Efficacy and Side Effects of Nalbuphine: A Review
Authors: Shiras P. , Ninave Sanjot , Ninave Sudhir 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Opioids can provide effective analgesia and routinely utilized to treat mild severe pain. Problems related with mu- agonist opioids like nausea, emesis, bowel and bladder disturbances, respiratory depression, pruritus and developing tolerance and dependence. This article will review about the utilization of Nalbuphine, which is a mixed opioid agonist- antagonist that FDA has indicated in moderate to severe pain treatment when an opioid drug is essential and alternative treatment methods have failed. The incidence of the common opioid side effects are low in case of Nalbuphine. Non-FDA approved uses of nalbuphine are in labor analgesia, pruritus associated with opioid, opioid-induced urinary retention and respiratory depression. It can be administered with the regularly utilized mu- opioid agonists like morphine, fentanyl etc. as a combination, giving better analgesia along with abating the incidence as well as the severity of side effects caused by mu-agonist.
Methodology: This review article was prepared after a thorough study of the literature using data search engines such as ‘Scopus’,’ PubMed’, ‘Web of Science’, and ‘Google Scholar’. This article referred to prior Nalbuphine observational studies and case reports.
Review Findings: After learning the pharmacology, uses, contraindications of Nalbuphine and reviewing the previous observational studies and case reports about Nalbuphine, the drug can be used for treating moderate to severe pain when an opioid drug is essential and reserve treatment methods have failed. Nalbuphine finds its use also in labor analgesia. The incidence of the usual side effects due to opioids are low in case of Nalbuphine. It can be administered with the regularly utilized mu- opioid agonists like morphine, fentanyl etc. as a combination , giving better analgesia along with abating the incidence as well as the severity of side effects caused by mu-agonist.
Conclusion: Nalbuphine can be utilized for treating moderate to severe pain, as an adjuvant to balanced anesthesia for pre-operative / post-operative pain relief, for labor analgesia and to treat/ reduce the opioid induced side effects.
A Review of Adult Immunization in rural India to Reduce the Burden of Preventable Infectious Disease: Changing Scenario
Authors: Singh Pratyush , Sontakke Tushar , Kumar Sunil 
Published: February 2022

Adult vaccination reporting in India is small despite immense enhancements in childhood vaccination reporting. Therefore, creating awareness regarding the importance of adult protection is extremely important. Grownups are notably vulnerable throughout outbreaks due to associated absence of protection, diminishing immunity, age-associated issues (e.g., chronic conditions and immunosenescence), medication shift, the severity of a load of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) among Indian adults are unidentified. There don't seem to be any national adult protection pointers in the country, and the several medical societies that have discovered adult protection pointers, are variable, making it unclear for the World Health Organization to be compelled to receive those vaccines (based on age, underlying conditions, etc.). Different barricades to adult protection embody immunogen hesitancy, lost chances, and cost. Various stages to help increase adult vaccination in the country may comprise acceptance of national pointers, the teaching of care suppliers and conjointly the general public, and advancement of life-course protection. Notably, among older adults, the increased adult immunogen coverage may facilitate to reduce the burden of VPDs, whereas, it's evident that CHWs build numerous contributions toward strengthening immunization programs, but the restricted variety and quality of obtainable studies build it tough to directly compare CHW interventions to different methods for increasing the immunization coverage. Incorporation of evidence-based methods for CHW choice, retention, and coaching is essential for the fulfillment of India's immunisation program. . In addition, there's a growing ought to develop economic mechanisms for observation of children's vaccination standing to come up with unjust feedback and determine efficient methods. People in rural India have developed faith in vaccines which the increase can see in the demand for COVID vaccine jabs.
Quantitative Analysis of Tannerella Forsythia Level in Periodontitis Patients with or without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Baalavignesh A. , Jeevitha M. , Jayaraman Selvaraj 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Periodontitis is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease resulting from a complex polymicrobial infection causing tissue destruction as a consequence of perturbation of the homeostasis between sub gingival microflora. T.forsythia has been strongly implicated in the onset of periodontitis. The level of glycemic control is the key to determining increased risk. In adults, HbA1C levels >9% have a higher prevalence rate for periodontitis than those without diabetes. In adults, random blood sugar levels >200mg/dl have higher susceptibility to periodontitis.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in a university setting at Saveetha dental college. Total of 8 samples were collected from November 2020 to February 2021. The subgingival plaque samples containing bacterial cells were pelleted by centrifugation at room temperature. Following centrifugation with all buffer solutions, quantitative RT-PCR was performed with stratagene MX3000P and the relative gene count was calculated using relative CT method. The purified DNA molecules were identified by agarose gel electrophoresis and T. forsythia was identified using this method.
Results: The assessment of mRNA expression of T.forsythia assessed by RT-PCR showed that T.forsythia was seen with more prevalence in patients with periodontitis with diabetes mellitus (n=1.388), than in patients with periodontitis without diabetes mellitus (n=1) ( P=0.0028 < 0.005). The study was statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study shows that T.forsythia is seen with more prevalence in patients with periodontitis with diabetes mellitus when compared to periodontitis without diabetes mellitus.
Additive‐Free, Gelled Nanoinks as a 3D Printing Toolbox for Hierarchically Structured Bulk Aerogels
Authors: Rebber Matthias , Trommler Malte , Lokteva Irina , Ehteram Samanehalsadat , Schropp Andreas , König Sandra , Fröba Michael , Koziej Dorota 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAerogels are highly porous solids that maintain the properties of individual nanomaterials at a macroscopic scale. However, the inability to fabricate hierarchical architectures limits technological implementation in energy storage, gas‐sorption, or catalysis. A 3D‐printing methodology for additive‐free TiO2 nanoparticle‐based aerogels is presented with full control of the nano‐, micro‐, and macroscopic length‐scales. To compensate for ink's low solid loading of 4.0 vol% and to enable subsequent processing into aerogels via supercritical drying, the printing is done in a liquid bath of alkaline pH. The 3D‐printing protocol retains a high specific surface area of 539 m2 g–1 and a mesopore diameter of 20 nm of conventionally casted aerogels while offering an unparalleled designability on the micrometer scale. To illustrate the new geometric freedom of 3D‐printed aerogels, the microstructure of a strongly light‐absorbing, photothermal Au‐nanorod/TiO2 aerogel is defined. To date, photothermal nanomaterials are mainly applied in the form of unstructured films where scalability is limited by light attenuation. Microstructures in 3D enhance light penetration by a factor of four and facilitate spatially defined heating on a macroscopic scale. The process can be generalized for a broad material library and allows to design inks with specific functionality, thus making aerogels adaptable for their target application.
Interfaces and Interphases in Batteries: How to Identify and Monitor Them Properly Using Surface Sensitive Characterization Techniques
Authors: Villevieille Claire 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInterfaces, interphases, surfaces, and bulk are the main elements in a battery that require to be monitored and understood to control battery life during cycling and electrochemical ageing. To date, bulk‐related processes are generally easier to address in terms of characterization techniques because in‐depth investigations of most of these processes can be performed in operando mode (that is, during battery cycling). However, investigations of surfaces, interfaces, and interphases possess some challenges due to the involved nanosize dimensions, which render it difficult to select adequate techniques and interpret data appropriately. In addition, the evolving chemistry can suffer beam damage during investigation, and the use of postmortem/ex situ samples are not fully reliable. Moreover, the definitions of the terms “interface,” “interphase,” “interfacial,” and “interfacial region” are not clearly consistent, the details of which will be discussed in this study. Finally, techniques that can address interfacial processes in batteries are reviewed by highlighting their primary advantages and disadvantages.
3D Interdigital Electrodes Dielectric Capacitor Array for Energy Storage Based on Through Glass Vias
Authors: Fang Zhen , Gao Libin , Chen Hongwei , Deng Bowen , Jili Xiaobing , Li Wenlei , Liang Tianpeng , Qu Sheng , Chen Yuzhe , Liang Kexin , Zhang Jihua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDielectric capacitors are ideal for high power pulse system due to their high‐power density. However, the traditional dielectric capacitor cannot achieve large capacitance density and combine with the high breakdown voltage. Through this research, the internal structure of photosensitive glass can be transformed into multilayer interdigital electrodes structure through photolithography and laser induced processes. It is realized through the transition from the 2D structure to the 3D interdigital electrodes dielectric capacitor. In this case, the specific surface area electrode structure presents exponential increase and dielectric layers thickness decrease, which provide a large capacitance density. The new 3D capacitors, via reducing the roughness of the electrode surface, a uniform porous inner wall improves the breakdown strength (8.15 MV cm−1, which is 2 times to photolithographic). As a result, these highly‐density regular electrodes array effectively improve the capacitance density to 48.5 nF cm−2, which is 422 times larger than that of planar structure. Moreover, the new 3D capacitors fabricated by laser‐induce exhibit smoother inner wall surface and more rounded shape of electrode holes, achieving very large energy storage density of ≈3.4 Wh kg−1 (14.688 J cm−3) and power density of ≈6.48 × 1011 W kg−1.
Comparison of Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) with AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis 4 Score (FIB‐4), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score (NFS) for NAFLD patients
Authors: Cheng Yu‐Ming , Wang Chia‐Chi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe serum level of Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) has been found to increase with the severity of liver fibrosis in biopsy‐proved nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the comparison of M2BPGi with noninvasive fibrosis markers such as AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), Fibrosis 4 Score (FIB‐4), and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) in NAFLD patients remains unclear. The participants of Tzu Chi NAFLD cohort (TCNC) including health controls or NAFLD patients were enrolled in Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital. NAFLD was defined as fatty liver in imaging without hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), drug, alcohol, or other known causes of chronic liver disease. A total of 777 subjects were included for final analysis. The serum levels of M2BPGi correlated with APRI, FIB‐4 score, and NFS, respectively (P < .001). Of them, 376 (48.4%) were NAFLD patients and 401 were healthy controls. In the group of health controls or NAFLD patients, the M2BPGi levels were significantly higher in female subjects than those of male subjects (P = .027 and 0.006, respectively). Categorized by age, the levels of M2BPGi were significantly higher in elder age groups either in healthy controls or NAFLD patients (P < .05). Compared with healthy controls, NAFLD patients had significantly higher levels of BMI, waist circumference, metabolic components, and liver fibrosis markers such as APRI, NFS, and M2BPGi (P < .05), but no difference in FIB‐4 score (P = .685). According to FIB‐4 score, “intermediate‐ or high‐risk group” had higher APRI, NFS, and M2BPGi than low‐risk group. The serum M2BPGi levels correlated with three noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis including APRI, FIB‐4 score, and NFS. They were significantly higher in female or elder population. Furthermore, APRI, NFS, and M2BPGi were different between NAFLD patients and healthy controls, but no FIB‐4 score. According to FIB‐4 score to determine the risk of liver fibrosis, APRI, NFS, and M2BPGi were also different between low risk and “intermediate or high risk” of NAFLD patients, suggesting a surrogate marker for assessing liver fibrosis of NAFLD patients.
Clinical evaluation of switching from immediate‐release to prolonged‐release lithium in bipolar patients, poorly tolerant to lithium immediate‐release treatment: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pelacchi Federica , Dell'Osso Liliana , Bondi Emi , Amore Mario , Fagiolini Andrea , Iazzetta Paolo , Pierucci Daniela , Gorini Manuela , Quarchioni Elisa , Comandini Alessandro , Salvatori Enrica , Cattaneo Agnese , Pompili Maurizio ,   SALT Study Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe effect of switching from lithium immediate release (Li‐IR) to lithium prolonged release (Li‐PR) on lithium‐induced tremor after 1 and 12 weeks of treatment was evaluated in a randomized, multicenter, open trial, in bipolar patients from the participating sites with a tremor severity ≥2 (Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser [UKU] rating scale) despite optimal lithium titration.MethodsThe primary endpoint was the evaluation of tremor by means of the UKU scale after 1 week of treatment. Secondary endpoints included manic Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and depressive symptoms (Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale), a global assessment of the patient's status (Clinical Global Impression), polyuria/polydipsia (UKU item 3.8) and patient‐reported outcomes.ResultsOwing to difficulties in including suitable patients the enrollment phase was closed when 73 patients were randomized. Notwithstanding the lower number of patients, in the modified intention‐to‐treat population (n = 70) the primary endpoint was statistically significant: tremor improved after 1 week in 62.9% in Li‐PR group against 20.0% of patients in Li‐IR group (p = .0006; two‐tailed Fisher's exact test). The difference remained statistically significant after 4 (p = .0031) and 12 weeks (p = .0128). The same analysis performed in the PP population confirmed these results. Among the secondary endpoints, only the factor convenience of the treatment satisfaction questionnaire showed a statistically significant difference between groups. There were no apparent differences in the safety profile of the two formulations.ConclusionsThis study is the first comparative documentation of a potential benefit of the prolonged‐release formulation in reducing the symptom tremor, a well‐known adverse effect of lithium therapy. Indeed, the study results should be interpreted taking into account the sample size lower than planned.
MYCN amplification plus 1p36 loss of heterozygosity predicts ultra high risk in bone marrow metastatic neuroblastoma
Authors: Yue Zhi‐Xia , Xing Tian‐Yu , Zhao Wen , Zhao Qian , Wang Xi‐Si , Su Yan , Gao Chao , Liu Shu‐Guang , Ma Xiao‐Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to better understand the prognostic effect of multiple genetic markers and identify more subpopulations at ultra high risk of poor outcome in bone marrow (BM) metastatic neuroblastoma (NB).MethodsWe screened the MYCN, 1p36 and 11q23 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) statuses of 154 patients by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization of BM cells. The clinical characteristics of patients with the three markers and their associations with prognosis were analysed.ResultsMYCN amplification and LOH at 1p36 and 11q23 were identified in 16.2%, 33.1% and 30.5% of patients, respectively. There were strong associations between MYCN amplification and 1p36 LOH as well as 11q23 LOH. Both MYCN amplification and 1p36 LOH were strongly associated with high levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neuron‐specific enolase, more than 3 metastatic organs, and more events. 11q23 LOH occurred mainly in patients older than 18 months, and those who had high LDH levels. In univariate analysis, patients with MYCN amplification had poorer prognosis than those without. Patients with 1p36 LOH had a 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival lower than those without. 11q23 LOH was associated with poorer EFS only for patients without MYCN amplification. In a multivariate model, MYCN amplification was independently associated with decreased EFS in all cohorts. 11q23 LOH was an independent prognostic factor for patients without MYCN amplification, whereas 1p36 LOH was not an independent marker regardless of MYCN amplification. Compared with all cohorts, patients with both MYCN amplification and 1p36 LOH had the worst outcome and clinical features.ConclusionsPatients with both MYCN amplification and 1p36LOH had the worst survival rate, indicating an ultra high‐risk group. Our results may be applied in clinical practice for accurate risk stratification in future studies.
Tracking the prevalence of a fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus), using environmental DNA
Authors: Congram Megan , Torres Vilaça Sibelle , Wilson Chris C. , Kyle Chris J. , Lesbarrères David , Wikston Madison J. H. , Beaty Lynne , Murray Dennis L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChytridiomycosis, a primary disease driving widespread and unprecedented amphibian declines, is caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Tracking Bd through space and time requires monitoring protocols that efficiently and reliably assess pathogen prevalence and intensity, which in turn requires an understanding of environment–pathogen dynamics. Environmental DNA (eDNA) was used to track Bd prevalence and intensity in 95 waterbodies in southern Ontario, Canada, and assess zoospore counts relative to biotic, abiotic, and geographic factors. Bd was also monitored on a semi‐weekly basis in 10 waterbodies to better understand patterns of temporal variability. Bd showed variable prevalence, with 47% and 29% of waterbodies having zoospores detected in May and July, respectively. Patterns of prevalence were markedly variable both within and across waterbodies, indicating high spatio‐temporal heterogeneity. Bd prevalence was not related to environmental factors, geographic variables, or amphibian species richness, but intensity was negatively related to estimated canopy cover. In intensively sampled waterbodies, Bd counts were highly variable through time, with some sites switching from detection to non‐detection (and vice versa) across 2‐week intervals. We conclude that eDNA can be a useful tool for monitoring Bd zoospores in wetlands but emphasize the need for additional research into environmental and methodological factors affecting zoospore detection and abundance before this method should be widely adopted.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and D‐dimer are biomarkers of death risk in severe COVID‐19: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Terra Patrícia Oliveira Cunha , Donadel Camila Dermínio , Oliveira Luciana Correa , Menegueti Mayra Gonçalves , Auxiliadora‐Martins Maria , Calado Rodrigo Tocantins , De Santis Gil Cunha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsOver 4 million deaths from coronavirus disease (COVID)‐19 have been reported in the world. Several biomarkers have been identified that predict disease severity, but there is still a need to identify biomarkers for death risk in severe COVID‐19. We aim to define amongst the biomarkers already identified those which are mostly associated with increased death rate in patients with severe COVID‐19.MethodsIn this retrospective study conducted in three public hospitals linked to the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, patients with severe COVID‐19 were evaluated regarding biomarkers (neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio‐NLR, D‐dimer, fibrinogen) of death risk, obtained before administration of corticosteroids.ResultsThirty‐nine (32.8%) of the 119 patients included (104 [87.4%] on mechanical ventilation) died during hospitalization. Non‐survivor group had higher median (range) NLR (12.63 [2.6‐115] vs 7.43 [0.43‐31.8]; P = .001), D‐dimer (2.17 [0.27‐20.00] vs 1.57 [0.28‐20.00]; P = .03), but lower fibrinogen (631 [353‐1078] vs 705 [407‐1200]; P = .02). The group with NLR ≥ 10 and D‐dimer ≥ 2 μg/mL had a higher death risk than the group with NLR < 10 and D‐dimer < 2 μg/mL (OR: 5.39; CI 95%: 1.5‐19.42; P = .01).ConclusionHigh NLR and D‐dimer, especially when combined, are predictors of death risk for patients with severe COVID‐19 and should be incorporated into their evaluation.
Case formulation of interpersonal patterns and its impact on the therapeutic process: Introduction to the issue
Authors: Critchfield Kenneth L. , Gazzillo Francesco , Kramer Ueli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAuthors included in this issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In‐Session come from diverse theoretical orientations but discuss methods of case conceptualization that share these assumptions: (1) that interpersonal patterns are salient to a good understanding of patient personality and problems and (2) that an individual formulation is helpful in responsively tailoring in‐session processes to meet therapeutic goals. We believe these assumptions resonate with many practitioners working across settings, levels of severity, and theoretical orientations. Each author offers an overview of theory as well as a detailed case description that emphasizes the implications of each formulation for the subsequent process of therapy. A final paper provides commentary across the source papers. The issue is thus evocative not only about clinical practice issues but also of underlying theory. It speaks to the challenges and possibilities of transtheoretical integrated practice and research within our focal domain of common interest, interpersonal relationships.