bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence activity at hibernacula differs among four bat species affected by white‐nose syndrome
Authors: Jackson Reilly T. , Willcox Emma V. , Zobel John M. , Bernard Riley F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrior to the introduction of white‐nose syndrome (WNS) to North America, temperate bats were thought to remain within hibernacula throughout most of the winter. However, recent research has shown that bats in the southeastern United States emerge regularly from hibernation and are active on the landscape, regardless of their WNS status. The relationship between winter activity and susceptibility to WNS has yet to be explored but warrants attention, as it may enable managers to implement targeted management for WNS‐affected species. We investigated this relationship by implanting 1346 passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in four species that vary in their susceptibility to WNS. Based on PIT‐tag detections, three species entered hibernation from late October to early November. Bats were active at hibernacula entrances on days when midpoint temperatures ranged from −1.94 to 22.78°C (mean midpoint temperature = 8.70 ± 0.33°C). Eastern small‐footed bats (Myotis leibii), a species with low susceptibility to WNS, were active throughout winter, with a significant decrease in activity in mid‐hibernation (December 16 to February 15). Tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus), a species that is highly susceptible to WNS, exhibited an increase in activity beginning in mid‐hibernation and extending through late hibernation (February 16 to March 31). Indiana bats (M. sodalis), a species determined to have a medium–high susceptibility to WNS, remained on the landscape into early hibernation (November 1 to December 15), after which we did not record any again until the latter portion of mid‐hibernation. Finally, gray bats (M. grisescens), another species with low susceptibility to WNS, maintained low but regular levels of activity throughout winter. Given these results, we determined that emergence activity from hibernacula during winter is highly variable among bat species and our data will assist wildlife managers to make informed decisions regarding the timing of implementation of species‐specific conservation actions.
The role of knowledge in supporting the revitalisation of traditional landscape governance through social innovation in Slovakia
Authors: Špaček Martin , Melnykovych Mariana , Kozová Mária , Pauditšová Eva , Kluvánková Tatiana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we determine the role of knowledge in the development and consolidation of social innovation (SI) on the revitalisation of traditional farming in marginalised rural settings. We seek to address the following questions: (i) how the co‐production of knowledge in SI initiatives for the revitalisation of traditional farming might influence its development path, and (ii) how the networking of local and external actors accelerates knowledge co‐production and triggers the reconfiguration of social practices towards sustainability transformation. To answer these questions, we applied mixed‐method approach by investigating the example of SI initiative (the case of Vlkolínec UNESCO site in Slovakia). We conducted a focus group, semi‐structured and structured interviews, historical analysis and social network analysis with the actors involved in the SI. Based on the empirical results we revealed how mix of local and external knowledge and knowledge co‐production can enhance the development of SI through the networking of numerous local stakeholders, particularly science and policy representatives. This knowledge sharing and knowledge co‐production strengthened the development path of the SI in seeking to initiate effective measures for local people to return to traditional small‐scale farming, supporting traditional crafts, creating new green jobs and conditions for improving the quality of life for local people, and new services for sustainable tourism. Our results highlight the importance of external knowledge in the expansion of bonding social capital, and the establishment of a regional knowledge network of local and external actors to trigger SI in rural areas. The analyses reveal that multi‐actor networks that support knowledge exchange play an important role in SI development paths.
In Celebration of the 65th Birthday of Rinaldo Poli
Authors: Fliedel Christophe , Guillo Pascal , Manoury Eric 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRinaldo Poli's significant contribution to coordination chemistry, catalysis and computational chemistry has been benefitting scientific communities for decades. In addition, Rinaldo Poli has been providing valuable support to many chemistry societies and journals. This special collection presents about 30 excellent research articles and reviews in celebration of Rinaldo Poli's 65th birthday.
Studies towards the Total Synthesis of Amycolamicin: A Chiral Auxiliary‐Based Diels‐Alder Approach towards the Decalin Core
Authors: Frossard Thomas M. , Trapp Nils , Altmann Karl‐Heinz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of (1S,2S,5R)‐5‐((4‐methoxybenzyl)oxy)‐2‐methyl‐8‐methylene‐1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐octahy‐dronaphthalene‐1‐carboxylic acid (2) is described, which comprises the bicyclic core structure of the natural product amycolamicin (1). The bicyclic ring‐system was established via an intramolecular Diels‐Alder reaction of a triene carrying a SuperQuat chiral auxiliary. The latter could be readily removed by methanolysis in excellent yield, which allowed for effective conversion of a hydroxy group at C(1) into the methylene group present in the natural product. The intramolecular Diels‐Alder reaction could also be performed with a triene incorporating a classical, phenylalanine‐derived Evans auxiliary, but the removal of the latter from the initial Diels‐Alder product was hampered by competing attack of nucleophiles on the endocyclic carbonyl group in the oxazolidinone ring. Acid 2 could be converted into an acyl cyanide that features as a key advanced intermediate in one of the three total syntheses of amycolamicin reported to date.
Experimental assessment for the thermal performance of scrap tire blocks as external wall insulators
Authors: Hashem Alaa Liaq , Farhood Husam Jasim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, the advantage of reusing scrap tires in scrap rubber block (SRB) to improve thermal insulation in buildings was examined experimentally. By testing the use of SRB in black and white colors as external wall insulators and comparing their performance with walls without insulation. The results indicated that a wall with scrap tire blocks gave the best thermal insulation results when the outer face was painted white. The decrement factor () and the rate of heat loss increase, while the rate of heat gain decreases. This was done through the mechanisms of heat transfer by conduction through the layers of the wall and the effect of adding the rubber block on its thermal properties. The results showed that the use of rubber blocks reduces the temperature of the inner surface of the wall by 3–4°C lower than the traditional wall. The thermal diffusion inside the wall was determined effectively in the case of a wall with the rubber block, where the temperature of the inner surface reaches its maximum value by about 0.5‐h difference from the traditional wall in the case of the wall with the rubber block in black color, and 9.5‐h in the case with the white block.
The impact of COVID‐related economic shocks on household mental health in Pakistan
Authors: Baranov Victoria , Grosjean Pauline , Khan Fatima Jamal , Walker Sarah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe combine data collected just prior to the unfolding of COVID‐19 with follow‐up data from July 2020 to document the adverse economic effects of the pandemic and resulting impact on parental and child mental well‐being in peri‐urban Pakistan. 22% of the households in our sample are affected by job loss, with monthly income down 38% on average. Our difference‐in‐difference results show that job loss is associated with a 0.88 standard deviation (SD) increase in adult mental distress scores (K10), a 0.43 SD reduction in a Hope index of children's aspirations, agency and future pathways, and a 0.39 SD increase in children's depression symptoms. In addition, we observe higher levels of parental stress and anger reported by children, as well as an increase in reported prevalence of domestic violence. Overall, we document that the pandemic has disproportionately and negatively affected the economic and mental well‐being of the most vulnerable households in our sample.
Survival and prognosis of metastatic head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Di , Chai Yue , Wei Yuce , Qi Fei , Dong Mei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of patients with metastatic head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (HNACC).MethodThe clinical data of metastatic HNACC from 1999 to 2020 at the National Cancer Center of China were retrospectively collected.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐four patients with metastatic HNACC were enrolled and median overall survival (OS) was 45.6 months. Univariate analysis indicated that smoking history, disease‐free interval (DFI), number and sites of metastases, and systemic therapy were associated with OS. In the multivariate analysis, non‐smokers, DFI ≥3 years, and lung metastasis were prognostic factors. Local therapy for localized disease could prolong survival in patients with both recurrent and metastatic disease.ConclusionNo smoking history, DFI ≥3 years, and lung metastasis were favorable prognostic factors. Local therapy for metastases could not provide survival benefits, but local therapy for localized disease may prolong survival. Whether initial systemic therapy could improve prognosis needs further exploration.
In vivo imaging of calcium dynamics in zebrafish hepatocytes
Authors: Pozo‐Morales Macarena , Garteizgogeascoa Inés , Perazzolo Camille , So Juhoon , Shin Donghun , Singh Sumeet Pal 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
Hepatocytes were the first cell type for which oscillations of cytoplasmic calcium levels in response to hormones were described. Since then, investigation of calcium dynamics in liver explants and culture has greatly increased our understanding of calcium signaling. A bottleneck, however, exists in observing calcium dynamics in a noninvasive manner because of the optical inaccessibility of the mammalian liver. Here, we aimed to take advantage of the transparency of the zebrafish larvae to image hepatocyte calcium dynamics in vivo at cellular resolution.

Approach and Results:
We developed a transgenic model expressing a calcium sensor, GCaMP6s, specifically in zebrafish hepatocytes. Using this, we provide a quantitative assessment of intracellular calcium dynamics during multiple contexts, including growth, feeding, ethanol‐induced stress, and cell ablation. Specifically, we show that synchronized calcium oscillations are present in vivo, which are lost upon starvation. Starvation induces lipid accumulation in the liver. Feeding recommences calcium waves in the liver, but in a spatially restricted manner, as well as resolves starvation‐induced hepatic steatosis. By using a genetically encoded scavenger for calcium, we show that dampening of calcium signaling accelerates the accumulation of starvation‐related lipid droplets in the liver. Furthermore, ethanol treatment, as well as cell ablation, induces calcium flux, but with different dynamics. The former causes asynchronous calcium oscillations, whereas the latter leads to a single calcium spike.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate the presence of oscillations, waves, and spikes in vivo. Calcium waves are present in response to nutrition and negatively regulate starvation‐induced accumulation of lipid droplets.
High‐resolution temporal dynamics of intra‐storm isotopic composition of stemflow and throughfall in a Mediterranean Scots pine forest
Authors: Pinos Juan , Llorens Pilar , Latron Jérôme 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVegetation plays a significant role in the isotopic fractionation of rainwater during rainfall partitioning through the canopy into throughfall and stemflow. Most studies focus on the isotopic composition of throughfall, whereas that of stemflow has been studied much less frequently. Moreover, only three studies to date have investigated stemflow isotopic composition at the intra‐storm scale. Therefore, knowledge of the isotopic shift between rainfall and throughfall/stemflow at fine resolutions is sorely needed in order to better understand water input to forest soils. In this study, intra‐event rainfall, throughfall and stemflow in a Scots pine forest under Mediterranean conditions were monitored (5‐min time step) over a 20‐month period (May 2018 to December 2019) and water samples of each component were collected sequentially by means of automatic samplers for isotopic analysis (18O and 2H). Results obtained for 21 rainfall events show that throughfall was usually more enriched than rainfall and stemflow was more enriched than throughfall. Isotopic differences between rainfall and throughfall/stemflow indicated that throughfall was more depleted during the higher air temperature season whereas stemflow was more enriched. The isotopic shift did not show any direct relationship with either meteorological variables or the amount effect. At the intra‐storm scale, stemflow was more enriched than rainfall and throughfall at the start of the rainfall event and tended to decrease towards the end. Our results suggest that evaporation led to stemflow enrichment due to stemflow residing longer on the vegetative surfaces than throughfall. However, most fractionation factors can occur during the same event. Our study will improve understanding of the physical processes that control stemflow isotopic composition in coniferous trees before reaching the ground, as a step towards improving isotope‐based models for forest‐water interactions.
Does R&D investment drive employment growth? Empirical evidence at industry level from Japan
Authors: Shah Imran Hussain , Kollydas Konstantinos , Lee Pak Yee , Malki Issam , Chu Crystal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStrong demographic headwinds have motivated Japan to strengthen its economy by fostering innovation. This paper draws on a panel of business enterprises operating in 33 industries in Japan to examine how research and development (R&D) activities affect employment. Our findings suggest that employment gains are associated with innovation, both at the aggregate level and within groups of major industries. The positive impact of technological advancement is more pronounced in the manufacturing sector. The results reveal heterogeneous patterns of the key determinants of employment growth based on the level of industries' routine intensity, but they accord well with the compensation theory concerning the connection between innovation and job creation. These results will be of interest for policymakers to design targeted economic strategies by supporting technological development in Japan and could also serve as a compass for other countries with similar workforce structures and macroeconomic characteristics.
Novel therapeutic modalities target cell signaling of Renin‐Angiotensin system/NF‐κB‐induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in urethane‐induced lung cancer in mice: An in vivo study
Authors: Khalaf Marwa M. , Abo‐Youssef Amira M. , Malak Marina N. , Hamzawy Mohamed A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer has risen to the top of the list of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Aliskiren is a direct renin inhibitor.AimThis study aims to investigate the impact of cell signaling of Renin‐Angiotensin system (RAS)/NF‐κB on lung cancer by investigating the potential therapeutic effects of aliskiren for lung cancer treatment in urethane‐induced lung cancer in mice.MethodsMale BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups for 150 days, including (1) normal control; (2) aliskiren (25 mg/kg/i.p) daily, (3) urethane at a dose of 1.5 g/kg (i.p) at Day 1 and 60 (nonsmall cell lung cancer[NSCLC] group) (4) NSCLC mice received carboplatin (15 mg/kg/i.p) every other day for the last 4 successive weeks and (5) NSCLC mice treated with aliskiren daily. Tumor size was determined based on blood sampling, and lungs were isolated for biochemical analysis, western blot analysis assay, and histopathological examination.ResultsUrethane demonstrated significant changes in all biochemical and molecular parameters and histological patterns. Aliskiren‐treated mice had significantly lower levels of NF‐κB p65, Bcl‐2, cyclin D1, ICAM‐1, MMP‐2, and Nrf2, with an increase in the catalytic activity of caspase‐3 due to its RAS inhibitory mechanism. The combined urethane administration with aliskiren demonstrated a significant improvement in the histopathological examination.ConclusionRAS/NF‐B cell signaling is a potential therapeutic target for preventing and treating lung adenocarcinoma, evidenced by the fundamental cytotoxic mechanism and attenuation of metastasis and angiogenesis induced by the treatment of NSCLC mice with aliskiren.
Identification of Grb2‐associated binding protein 3 expression to predict clinical outcomes and immunotherapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhou Xue , Wang Xue , Zhu Xiaowei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the deepening research on tumor microenvironment (TME), immunotherapy has been deemed to be one of the major breakthroughs for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, only some patients respond well to this treatment. It is vital to explore predictive biomarkers for clinical benefit of immunotherapy. Grb2‐associated binding protein 3 (GAB3) exerts essential biological functions in ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer. The potential role of GAB3 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been fully elucidated. RNA‐sequencing data, genetic mutation data, and matched clinical data were obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) databases, then underwent gene expression, prognosis, enrichment, TME, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response analyses utilizing R packages. The mRNA expression level of GAB3 was dramatically decreased in LUAD, and the prognostic analysis indicated that the patients with low GAB3 expression performed unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. In addition, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and subsequent functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that GAB3 was primarily connected with T cell activation and immune response. Finally, GAB3 expression positively correlated with immune infiltrates and immune checkpoint genes, and therapeutic effect of ICB. In summary, our study comprehensively uncovers that GAB3 may function as a promising biomarker to predict clinical outcomes and immunotherapeutic responses in LUAD patients.
Intracellular accumulation and DNA damage caused by methylmercury in glial cells
Authors: Sousa Aline H. , Pereira João P. G. , Malaquias Allan C. , Sagica Fernanda do E. S. , de Oliveira Edivaldo H. C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMercury is widely used in industrial and extractive processes, and the improper disposal of waste or products containing this metal produces a significant impact on ecosystems, causing adverse effects on living organisms, including humans. Exposure to methylmercury, a highly toxic organic compound, causes important neurological and developmental impairments. Recently, the genotoxicity of mercurial compounds has gained prominence as one of the possible mechanisms associated with the neurological effects of mercury, mostly by disturbing the mitotic spindle and causing chromosome loss. In this sense, it is important to investigate if these compounds can also cause direct damage to DNA, such as single and double‐strand breaks. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of methylmercury in cell lines derived from neurons (B103) and glia (C6), exposed to methylmercury (MeHg) for 24 h, by analyzing cell viability, metabolic activity, and damage to DNA and chromosomes. We found that in comparison to the neuronal cell line, glial cells showed higher tolerance to MeHg, and therefore a higher LC50 and consequent higher intracellular accumulation of Hg, which led to the occurrence of several genotoxic effects, as evidenced by the presence of micronuclei, bridges, sprouts, and chromosomal aberrations.
Is the global supply chain hard to reverse? Understanding manufacturing strategies of Chinese, Japanese, and South Korean Firms
Authors: Xie Fujiao , Daniel Shirley J. , Guo Ying , Lee Dongyoung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs the Covid pandemic underscores global supply chain risks, there is a debate on whether to bring US manufacturing back from overseas. This paper provides insights into the heated debate on the global supply chain by examining the competitive manufacturing environments of China, Japan, and South Korea. More specifically, we conduct a cross‐national survey and empirically investigate the manufacturing strategies employed by manufacturing managers in the top Asian players: China, Japan, and South Korea. We examine four dimensions of the manufacturing strategies: quality, inventory, flexibility, and top management involvement. Our findings indicate that Japanese manufacturers are more committed to the cumulative approach to quality management and see enhanced flexibility as a strategic priority. While Chinese managers are also committed to achieving quality, they are more delivery‐driven and thus are more likely to occasionally accept slightly off‐quality components from suppliers to “save” an order. However, in all three countries, managers with a high focus on quality also focus on just‐in‐time management and in turn, on flexibility. There is significantly less agreement among Chinese managers, compared to their Japanese and Korean counterparts, that the top management should be involved in operational planning, goal setting, and the provision of rewards.
Potentially functional genetic variants of the notch signaling pathway genes predict survival of Chinese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Yuanna , Liu Ming , Zhang Ruoxin , Sun Menghong , Wei Qingyi , Zhao Kuaile , Wang Mengyun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Notch signaling pathway is involved in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), although the roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Notch signaling pathway genes in the process remain unknown.MethodsThe present study included 1009 patients with histopathologically diagnosed ESCC at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Two‐stage multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate associations between 13,248 SNPs in 103 Notch signaling pathway genes and overall survival of the patients.ResultsWe found that overall survival of the patients was significantly associated with genotypes of HDAC9 rs1729318 (AT+TT vs. AA: hazard ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.16–1.80, pcombined = 0.001) and HDAC9 rs1339555498 (GT + TT vs. GG: hazard ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence interval = 1.10–1.74, pcombined = 0.005). Further receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that the model with both available clinical factors and these two SNPs improved the area under the ROC curve compared to the model with clinical factors only (1‐year: 0.66 vs. 0.64, p = 0.034). Additional expression quantitative trait loci analysis showed that the rs1729318 T variant genotypes were associated with increased mRNA expression levels of HDAC9 in normal esophageal muscular tissue (p = 0.003).ConclusionsThe results suggest that these two potential functional SNPs on HDAC9 may serve as biomarkers for predicting survival of ESCC patients. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.