bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ciclo da política pública do saneamento básico no Brasil: uma análise a partir da transversalidade da participação social
Authors: Gomes Matheus Fortunato Barbosa , Lima Artur Duarte de , Andrade Pollyana Karenine Campos de , Ferreira José Gomes 
Published: May 2022

As políticas públicas têm sido estudadas, de modo mais profundo, desde o início da década de 50. Inicialmente, as análises concentraram-se nos EUA, depois Europa, até, eventualmente, ganharem espaço em agendas de pesquisa ao redor do mundo. Por apresentar bases teórico-metodológicas construídas em países centrais, reconhece-se a necessidade de criação, ou, pelo menos, adaptação desses modelos à realidade brasileira. Assim, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar o ciclo da política pública do saneamento básico no Brasil, a partir da participação social, considerada, neste trabalho, de categoria transversal nas etapas de elaboração e implementação da política em discussão. Para isso, utilizamos como base o modelo de elaboração de Planos Municipais de Saneamento Básico proposto pela FUNASA (2012), por apresentar um conjunto de encadeamentos lógicos em fases sequenciais e interdependentes em sua constituição. A Política pública de saneamento básico foi escolhida como um estudo de caso específico a ser explorado no Brasil e pelo fato do controle social ser um de seus princípios fundamentais e parte integrante de sua constituição. O artigo divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira, parte-se do modelo de análise ciclo de políticas públicas (policy cycle) no formato de cinco etapas. E na última parte, a análise propriamente do ciclo da política de saneamento básico no Brasil, a partir da transversalidade da participação social.
Short-term effectiveness of trunk and bimanual hand training on upper limb motor recovery and function in stroke patients
Authors: Sahu Rajesh Kumar , Gugnani Anchit , Ahluwalia Rahul 
Published: May 2022

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of motor impairment in adults and the elderly, necessitating appropriate therapies that might aid upper-limb rehabilitation. Upper-limb rehabilitation is difficult limiting the anticipatory core action using trunk-restraints could be an important factor to consider during Physiotherapy for stroke individuals with upper-arm disability. Different approaches, such as the use of exergames in motor rehabilitation and balance, are being used because they work as motivators, making therapy more enjoyable. Aim: To assess the effects of trunk-restraint reach-to-grasp therapy on trunk arm control following a stroke. The goal of this research was to see how trunk and bimanual hand training affected patients' balance and upper-limb motor function following a stroke. Method: In this work, an experimental design was employed on a randomised control group of 62 stroke patients selected by simple randomization. The research was carried out from September 2020, to august 2021. The Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FMUE) Scale, Modified Ashworth Scale, and the interviewing questionnaire were all employed in this investigation. Results: For the study and control groups, most of the groups that were examined (95.0 percent and 90.0 percent, respectively) had an ischemic stroke.
Evaluation of some biochemical parameters in Iraqi Patients with cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mutlag Majida H. , Yenzeel Jabbar H. , Subhi Mahmood R. 
Published: May 2022

Cardiomyopathy is an affliction of the heart muscle that can result in heart failure.It comes in a variety of phenotypes, such as dilated, hypertrophic, and restricted. This study was aimed to investigate the level of physiological and biochemical parameters in Cardiomyopathy patients. Eighty two diagnosed cardiomyopathy adult patients with age range between (20-70) years, and thirty healthy with same range, were involved in this study during their attendance at Ibn Al-Bitar Center for Cardiac Surgery. The patients were diagnosed by an expert cardiologists based on ECG changes, Echocardiogram, chest x ray. The study was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021, and approved by ethical committees: Ref.: CSEC/0920/0052, September 15, 2020 of department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad. Blood samples were collected the levels of biochemical parameters like troponin T, creatine kinase - MB (CK-MB), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Urea creatinine and electrolytes (Na+, Ca++, K+ and Mg+) were determined for the patients and control. The levels LDH, CRP) and CK-MB showed a highly significant (P<0.01) increase in patients compared with control, While the level of Troponin T showed non-significant (P≥ 0.05) differences.
Liking that It Hurts: The Case of the Masochist and Second-Order Desire Accounts of Pain's Unpleasantness
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent work on pain focuses on the question “what makes pains unpleasant.” Second-order desire views claim that the unpleasantness of pain consists in a second-order intrinsic desire that the pain experience itself cease or stop. This paper considers a significant objection to Second-order desire views by considering the case of the masochist. It is argued that various ways in which the Second-order desire view might try to account for the case of the masochist encounter problems. The conclusion is that until there is a convincing explanation of how Second-order desire views can handle masochistic psychology, theorists should look elsewhere for an account of pains unpleasantness.
Tempo ed età nell’ufficio ecclesiastico. Il decreto del Dicastero per i Laici, la Famiglia e la Vita ( 3 giugno 2021)
Authors: Viana Antonio 
Published: May 2022

SOMMARIO: Introduzione - 1. Varietà di casi di titolarità dell’ufficio - 1.1. Casi di provvisione a vita dell’ufficio - 1.2. Casi di provvisione temporale dell’ufficio - 1.3. Uffici con limite massimo di età - 1.4. Motivi a favore della temporaneità delle nomine e della cessazione per età - 2. Novità del decreto del Dicastero per i Laici, la Famiglia e la Vita (3 giugno 2021) per quanto riguarda i limiti temporali del governo delle associazioni - 2.1 Aspetti generali della normativa - 2.2 Le motivazioni della norma - 2.3. Un profondo cambiamento nello spirito del diritto associativo ecclesiastico - 2.4. La necessaria sussidiarietà - 3. Conclusione.
Time and age in the ecclesiastical office. The Decree of the Dicastery for Laity, Family and Life (June 3rd 2021)
ABSTRACT: The article deals with the incidence of two factors in ecclesiastical offices: the passage of time and the fulfilment of certain age limits in the holder of the office. The first part of the study presents a systematic summary of the general legislation. The second part discusses the novelties and consequences of the treatment of the temporal factor of offices in the regulations published in 2021 by the Dicastery for Laity, Family and Life. The study concludes with an assessment of the norms of the Dicastery's decree with regard to the fundamental freedom of association in the Church.
Christianity in the Modern World: A Study of Religion in a Pluralistic Society
Authors: Kuek Sherman Y.L. 
Published: May 2022

The modern world finds itself pervaded by the phenomenon of pluralism, which presents itself in many different embodiments. The thesis of this book is that the plethora of religious and ideological claims present in global society necessitates that dialogue takes place among the various stakeholders in order to emerge with a set of ethics shared globally for the purpose of mutual responsibility. To that end, dialogue aims to facilitate a peaceable co-existence between monotheistic and polytheistic religions, various ideologies and cultures, and religious and secular spheres of society, all of which have the potential to contribute to this global conversation and endeavour. In the final analysis, pluralism is no longer to be construed as an epistemological dilemma, but rather, an agent for the preservation and sustenance of the human societal order.
READINESS FOR SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE, CHITWAN
Authors: Singh Indu , Paudel Binita 
Published: May 2022

Background: Self-directed learning is a type of instructional strategy where students take charge of their learning process. Self-directed learning is learning approach where learners are responsible towards learning which helps students think critically and perform task confidently. The skills that are learned through self-directed learning remain lifelong and helps to provide patient care in effective way and uplifting the nursing profession. This study was conducted to identify the readiness for self-directed learning among nursing students in Chitwan Medical College.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted. Sample size was 107 nursing students from Bachelor in science of nursing and Bachelor in nursing science program. They were selected by using probability, stratified, simple random technique. A standardized tool (Self Directed Learning Readiness Scale) was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
Results: More than two-third of the nursing students were ready for self-directed learning. The mean score of self control was higher than the mean score of self-management and mean score of desire. The level of the readiness for self-directed learning was significantly associated with age (p=0.036), ethnicity (0.036) and most prefer resource (p=0.010).
Conclusions: Self-directed learning helps for self control towards their learning and enable students move forward towards their career goal. So, the faculties need to focus on the selection resources for learning that help to create desire for learning and promote self-directed learning skills among nursing students.
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT LENGTH OF STAY AND DISPOSAL OF PATIENTS IN CHITWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE, NEPAL
Authors: Lamsal Daya Ram , Raut Krishna Bahadur , Adhikari Parash 
Published: May 2022

Background: Measuring patients Length of Stay (LOS) in the emergency Department (ED) is one of the assessments of quality indicators in terms of clinical, managerial and public satisfaction pro­spective. Waiting time standard is defined and its impact is analyzed in many hospitals especially in developed countries. Policy of emergency operations to reduce length of stay helps to manage overcrowding, spares time to treat critical patient and minimize preventable death. The study was done to assess length of stay and disposal of patients visiting emergency department in Chitwan Medical College.
Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted from 01/10/2018 to 30/09/2019 at Chitwan Medical college, Nepal. Patients electronic records were retrieved from medical record section of all patients visiting to emergency department. Ethical approval was obtained from ethical review committee.
Results: Medial Length of Stay (LOS) was 3.84 hours (Interquartile range 0.4 hours to 84 hours) 54.54% discharged, 40.83% admitted from ED.
Conclusion: Median Length of Stay (LOS) in the Emergency Department (ED) was 3.84 hours which is satisfactory as compared to similar studies. Majority of patients discharged after treatment from ED.
LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CYST OF THE PAROTID IN HIV NEGATIVE INDIVIDUAL: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Amatya Paras Raj , Limbu Tilak Raj , Baral Sovit Jung , Bastakoti Shankar 
Published: May 2022

Benign Lymphoepithelial cyst (BLEC) of parotid gland are more common in HIV positive patients and is rare in HIV negative individuals. We present a 16-year-old HIV negative female who presented with a painless, gradually increasing swelling in the left parotid region. Excisional biopsy was done and HPE showed benign lymphoepithelial cysts. The rarity of this lesion in a HIV negative patient is the main reason for reporting this case.
ANATOMICAL STUDY OF DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY
Authors: Gautam Ajeevan , Sintakala Chandan 
Published: May 2022

Background: The dorsalis pedis artery is the dorsal artery of the foot. The knowledge of any variation in the course and distribution of the artery is clinically important and it is used to record peripheral pulsation. The aim of this study was to study origin, course, relation and branches of the artery. The length and diameter of surgically important branch were recorded.
Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at dissection hall of anatomy department at Chitwan medical college. Thirty lower limbs from fifteen cadavers were dissected for the study. Photographs were taken at different site of dissection and on finding anomalies. Newborn specimens and Conical enlargements if present were excluded.
Results: The diameter of the artery ranged from 3.0 to 4.6mm and its length ranged between 5.6cm to 8.4cm.The length of deep plantar artery was between 5.6cm to 8.4cm. Double lateral tarsal artery was found in (24)80% of the studied specimen and (6)20% were with single lateral tarsal artery. In 90% of the specimen medial tarsal artery originated as proximal and distal branch form medial aspect of dorsalis pedis. The arcuate artery emerged directly from dorsalis pedis artery in (100%) all studied specimen. The 2nd ,3rd and 4th metatarsal artery were placed on their corresponding intermetatarsal space.
Conclusions: Awareness of anatomical variation of vasculature of foot is important for the vascular surgeons, angiographers and reconstruction surgeons. Dorsalis pedis artery is excellent for the revascularization since it is the largest artery below the ankle joint.
LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION ESTIMATION BY POINT OF CARE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS ADMITTED IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Rana Suraj , Shrestha Bishow Kumar , Pant Chiranjibi , Adhikari Shital , Regmi Sudhir 
Published: May 2022

Background: Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) by non-cardiologist is a safe and rapidly evolving diagnostic modality for the assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study aims to correlate the eyeball estimation of LVEF (EBEF) with modified Simpson’s method and linear measurement in M-mode parasternal long axis view (PLAX).
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College. POCUS was performed in all ICU patients on the day of admission with optimal image acquisition and LVEF was estimated by three different methods and correlation of results were analyzed.
Results: Out of total 52 patients studied, median age was 58.38 ± 17.58 years (range: 24 – 89 years). There were 28 males (53.8%) and 24 females (46.2%) in this study. LVEF measured by eyeballing method and modified Simpson’s method had excellent correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.956, P<0.001). However, there was only a good correlation (r= 0.882, P<0.001) between linear measurement method in M-mode view and Simpson’s method. It was found that eyeballing method underestimates EF as measured by Simpson’s method by an average of 2.33% (95% CI: 1.12 – 3.55%).Similarly, EF measurement by linear method overestimates EF as compared to results observed by Simpson’s method by an average of 6.57% (95% CI: 4.87 – 8.27%).
Conclusions: Excellent correlation was observed between EBEF and modified Simpson’s method while linear measurements in M-mode may give incorrect estimation of EF especially in patients with regional wall motion abnormality.
FETO-MATERNAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING LABOR INDUCTION AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER
Authors: Pandit Upendra , Sharma Basant , Joshi Rakshya , Chaudhari Julli , Singh Prekshya , Sharma Asmita 
Published: May 2022

Background: Labor induction is one of the most common Obstetrics interventions worldwide. It has got significant risks and benefits. Careful selection of cases for induction improves the feto­maternal outcomes. So, the study was designed to assess the fetomaternal outcome and factors associated with mode of delivery following the induction of labor.
Methods: It was a descriptive observational study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from July 17, 2018, to July 16, 2019. The study comprised of 264 mothers admitted in the labor ward subjected to labor induction as clinical management of labor and delivery. Data analyzed with chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) wherever appropriate.
Results: Of 2950 deliveries, the induction rate was 8.94%. Out of them, 264 mothers undergone labor induction. A caesarean was the highly associated mode of deliveries 168(63.63%) due to in­duction failure 94(55.97%) followed by fetal distress 37(22%). The mean birth weight of neonates was 3.09±0.41 kg. Apgar score in one minute and hospital stay showed a significant difference (p-value .002), in modes of deliveries. No significant association was observed in maternal and fetal complications like PPH, endometritis, and low Apgar score <7 in five minutes. The majority of neonates admitted for observation at the care unit. The neonatal mortality was two.
Conclusions: Caesarean mode of delivery highly was associated with labor induction due to in­duction failure and fetal distress. Carefully selected cases improve morbidity and fetomaternal outcomes following labor induction.
CLINICAL AND SONOHYSTEROGRAPHY EVALUATION OF INFERTILE WOMEN
Authors: Pandit Upendra , Baral Lekhnath 
Published: May 2022

Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an integral part of the Conventional clinical evalu­ation of infertile women. Now a day, Sonohysterography is a modern technique widely used in the clinical evaluation. The objective of this study was to identify pelvic pathology; compare the effect and findings of tubal patency test between Sonohysterosalpingography and single film HSG radiograph.
Methods: This is a prospective evaluation of infertile women who attended the infertility unit of the gynecology department from 2017 March to 2018 October. Women 220 clients were subjected to clinical including SHSG evaluation followed by a single film HSG radiograph on the single sitting. The Chi-square test, multinomial logistic regression analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics version 20.
Results: Women had bilateral tubal patency 181(82.2%) in SHSG and conformed the same number later by HSG. SHSG showed bilateral tubal occlusion in 33 (15%) whereas HSG conformed only in 22(10%) and block was seen in 18(8.18%) only by HSG. The pathological findings were polycystic ovaries in 33 (15%), Fibroid uterus 11 (5%), ovarian cysts 5(2%), endometrial polyps in 2 cases, en­dometriotic cyst with hydrosalpinx 8(4%). Procedural side effects were no pain in 69(31.1%), mild pain 125(56.3%), Moderate pain 21(9.5%), vasovagal symptoms 7(3.1%).
Conclusions: The outcome of the Sonohysterosalpingraphy (SHSG) test for tubal patency is sig­nificantly synergized by concurrent HSG in the same sitting. The combined test is best indicated if SHSG alone is not able to demonstrate the sign of tubal patency.
PROLAPSE RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE AMONG MARRIED WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE
Authors: Khanal Gayatri , Ghimire Prakash , Shrestha Niki , Koirala Subash 
Published: May 2022

Background: Uterine Prolapse (UP) is a very common morbid condition in Nepal among women during reproductive health. Awareness on uterine prolapse can prevent huge number of UP cases. Thus, this study is designed to find out the knowledge and Attitude towards uterine prolapsed among married women of reproductive age (MWRA).
Methods: A community –based cross-sectional study was conducted in Daulichaur VDC of Ba­jhang district among 313 Married women of Reproductive age (15-49). Semi structure tool was used to collect the data. Data collection was done from March 2016 to April 2016. Data was col­lected through face to face interview by using interview schedule. Descriptive (frequency and percentage), (Chi-square, Pearson correlation) analysis were used for data analysis.
Results: This study revealed that almost three fourth (70%) of respondents had low level of knowl­edge and only 17.6% had positive attitude regarding uterine prolapse. The level of knowledge was associated with age, occupation status and educational status. The level of attitude was associ­ated with age, educational status and occupational status. There was significant positive relation­ship between level of knowledge and attitude (r= 0.363, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: MWRA of the Daulichaur VDC had low level of knowledge and Positive attitude re­garding uterine prolapse. The findings of this study suggest that there is an urgent need to educate and create awareness regarding UP to promote the health status of MWRA.
CONSUMPTION OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO AND ARECA NUT AMONG ADOLESCENTS OF BHAKTAPUR, NEPAL
Authors: Joshi Ujjwal , Pradhan Megha , Dahal Sirjana , Tyagi Krishan Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Background: Smokeless tobacco use is prevalent in Nepal, and various Smokeless tobacco products are widely available in the country. Areca nut chewing habit is common in Nepal especially in the Terai region adjoining India. This study was aimed to assess the Smokeless Tobacco use and betel nut chewing among adolescents of Bhaktapur and to assess their knowledge about Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF).
Methods: Cross-sectional study was performed among adolescents (age group 10-18) years studying in high schools and colleges in Bhaktapur. Random sampling methods was carried out to select 400 adolescents after taking written consent for questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.
Results: Among 400 adolescents, only 24 (6%) admitted to using smokeless tobacco and tobacco based products. One hundred sixty-two (40.5%) participants had experienced betel nut chewing where the most common form was betel nut alone. Sixty one (37.8%) of them had tried at special traditional functions. OSMF was never heard before among 392 (98%) of participants.
Conclusions: Smokeless tobacco usage was seen to be less among the participants but areca nut chewing was comparatively high. Traditional functions and predominant usage of betel nut chewing at home emphasizes the need for awareness of harmful effect of betel nut chewing in any forms to be reinforced at one’s home and community. Knowledge about OSMF was seen to be scanty in the adolescents.
OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS: AWARENESS AND PRACTICE AMONG THE ADULTS OF MUSHAHAR COMMUNITY
Authors: Mahato Sanam , Bajracharya Shanti 
Published: May 2022

Background: Over-the-counter drugs are the medicines that are sold without prescription of med­ical person. Though over-the-counter drugs are believed to be relatively safe, their inappropriate use could have serious implications. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness and practice on over-the-counter drugs among the Mushahar adults of Nawalparasi district, Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 102 respondents. Non-proba­bility purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample using semi-structured question­naire. Data was collected through face to face exit interview. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data.
Results: Majority (91.2%) of the respondents knew that over-the-counter drugs are the unpre­scribed drugs by medical person and majority (95.1%) of the respondents used in case of fever and 83.3% of the respondents used because of easy accessibility More than half (52.9%) of the respondents had practiced over-the-counter drugs at least once within the first six months of data collection. The most preferred over-the-counter drugs were analgesics i.e 44.4%. On analyzing, there found a strong association between awareness level on demographic variables of educa­tional status and occupation with the consumption of over-the-counter drugs as p value was <0.05.
Conclusions: Study revealed that people use over-the-counter drugs because of easily availability and the most commonly used drugs were analgesics. So, different awareness programmes to the community and timely monitoring and intervention from the government is needed to prevent the rampant of over the counter drugs.