bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Key Sectors in the Regional Economy: A Network Analysis Approach Using Input-Output Data
Authors: DePaolis Fernando , Murphy Phil , Kaluza M.Clara DePaolis 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
By applying network analysis techniques to large input-output system, we identify key sectors in the local/regional economy. We overcome the limitations of traditional measures of centrality by using random-walk based measures, as an extension of BlÅNochl et al. (2011). These are more appropriate to analyze very dense networks, i.e. those in which most nodes are connected to all other nodes. These measures also allow for the presence of recursive ties (loops), since these are common in economic systems (depending to the level of aggregation, most firms buy from and sell to other firms in the same industrial sector). The centrality measures we present are well suited for capturing sectoral effects missing from the usual output and employment multipliers.We also develop an R package (xtranat) for the processing of data from IMPLAN® models and for computing the newly developed measures.
Companies' Digitalization Challenges and Opportunities in a Post-COVID-19 World
Authors: Bhat Aaqib Nisar , Kaswan Suresh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 has had a major impact on the world economy, company operations, and individuals. However, technology is additionally helping several businesses in adapting to and overcoming this crisis obligatory by COVID-19. The augmented usage of technology in people' and businesses' daily lives in response to the present extraordinary situation is proof of the digital acceleration process. This preliminary analysis investigates the consequences of digital transformation processes in 3 corporate areas: labor and social relations, promoting and sales, and technology. The influence of digitalization is probably going to be cross-cutting across all areas, encouraging the introduction of recent digital merchandise and services based on the flexibleness concept. Furthermore, new modes of operating will increase the demand for brand new talent no matter wherever people live. Furthermore, cybersecurity and privacy will become 2 crucial elements that may assist the integrated development of net of Things technological solutions, artificial intelligence, and machine learning.
“The springs are untouchable”: amid community management and government neglect, the last springs in peri-urban areas of Mexico City
Authors: Angela Caro-Borrero , Carmona-Jiménez Javier , García-Temis Lisset Gabriela , Martínez-Moreno María Fernanda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In Latin America, conservation is a subject that cannot be understood outside of the social processes that determine the different conceptions, uses and customs related to nature and water. Mexico is an example of ecosystem diversity, where rural populations see their homes and ecosystems threatened by the uncontrolled advance of the urban sprawl. In addition, the lack of governance in water matters leaves both ecosystems and people in a situation of vulnerability. The aim of this research was to determine the ecological and social indicators of the state of conservation and management of the springs in Mexico City’s Conservation Soils, through: ecological quality, biological diversity and the management of rural-urban communities of water resources. The springs still conserve elements of good ecological quality and unique traits, making these sites hotspots of local diversity. However, ongoing activities endanger its integrity, such as in situ water extraction, the lack of local organization for the management of water resources and the poor presence of government institutions to accompany water management. The establishment of a citizen and government participation system for water management is recommended, considering local economic development, socio-cultural complexity, ecosystem richness and fragility, and the socio-ecological context in which these water distribution mechanisms are established. As well, actions that includes a census of water bodies and the economic activities that depend on them, the ecological evaluation of actively used springs and water distribution agreements at the local level that consider the previous points.
The Effect of Health Financing Reforms on incidence and management of childhood infections in Ghana: A matching difference in differences impact evaluation
Authors: Odjidja Emmanuel Nene , Ansah-Akrofi Ruth , Iradukunda Arnaud , Kwanin Charles , Saha Manika 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In 2003, Ghana abolished direct out of pockets payments and implemented health financing reforms including the national health insurance scheme in 2004. Treatment of childhood infections is a key component of services covered under this scheme, yet, outcomes on incidence and treatment of these infections after introducing these reforms have not been covered in evaluation studies. This study fills this gap by assessing the impact on the reforms on the two most dominant childhood infections; fever (malaria) and diarrhoea. Nigeria was considered as a control country and using four data points (pre and post reforms periods) from the demographic health surveys, we calculate the probability of treatment based on background covariates. All analysis were conducted in STATA (psmatch2, psgraph and pstest) and statistical significance was considered when p-value ≤ 0.05. After matching, it was determined that health reforms significantly increased general medical care for children with diarrhoea (25 percentage points) and fever (40 percentage points). Also for those receiving care specifically in government managed facilities for diarrhoea (14 percentage points) and fever (24 percentage points).This denotes that introducing health financing reforms can have marginal impact on child health outcomes.
A cross-sectional study to assess and compare the oral hygiene status, knowledge, perceptions amongst the students studying in government and private schools of rural areas of Chambal region
Authors: Piyanka Namdev  , Goyal Swati , Ullas Saxena  , Kaushal Gangil  , Vivek Pathak  , Ashish Kushwah  
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE- To assess and compare the oral hygiene status, knowledge, perceptions amongst the age group of 10 to 15-year-old students studying in government and private schools of rural areas of the Chambal region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS- The cross-sectional study was carried out at randomly selected secondary schools of the Chambal region carried out approximately for a period of 2 months. Prior permission to examine the children would be obtained from the appropriate authorities before starting the study and the survey will be scheduled accordingly. The informed written consent and verbal assent will be obtained from the parents as well as to children respectively before the study. The investigator underwent training and calibration in January and February 2019. First, the literature of the two indices was thoroughly reviewed and a discussion was conducted with the staff of the Department of Public Health Dentistry. A calibration exercise was then performed on 30 adolescents who were examined by the investigator, as well as a previously trained examiner. Cohen’s kappa values were calculated to assess the inter-examiner reliability. Substantial inter-rater agreement (ĸ = 0.80) was obtained.
RESULT- The difference in the debris score between the private school children and government school children for the study population as a whole statistically significant (P = 0.01) The mean debris score for the private school children was 0.7829 and the mean debris score for government school children were 0.9457. The difference in the calculus score between the private school children and government school children for the study population as a whole not statistically significant (P = 0.21) The mean calculus score for the private school children was 0.8206 and the mean calculus score for government school children were 0.7192.
CONCLUSION- The results of the study concluded that there were differences in oral health information obtained between public and private school students. This difference in the level of knowledge may be due to differences in the level of education between the two types of students. Students have responded well to engaging in oral health education for children and can undoubtedly be instrumental in this work. However, if schoolchildren are given the right training, learning materials, and support from dentists who are experienced in public health, it can bring about a change in the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of our country's students.
Excision of Lower Lip Mucocele Using Scalpel and Diode Laser: Two Case Reports
Authors: Ajmal Md. , Dureha Roli , Khan Suleman  A , Navit Saumya 
Published: May 2022

The term “Mucocele” originates from Latin words ‘mucus’ which means ‘fluid’ and ‘coele’ which means ‘cavity’. It is defined as the accumulation of mucus in the oral cavity’s subepithelial tissue secreted from salivary glands and their ducts. It is a frequently occurring salivary gland lesion which is seen in the oral cavity. They occur as mucus extravasation and mucus retention type. They may be obstructive in nature and occur due to trauma to a minor salivary gland duct which results in pooling in the epithelial tissue. Clinically, a mucocele appears as a typical blue colored dome shaped swelling which is soft in consistency and contains salivary fluid. It lies superficial or deeply attached to the tissues.

Management of mucocele includes surgical excision, marsupialization, micro marsupialization, cryosurgery, laser vaporization, and laser excision. Recently, high - intensity lasers have been proven to be more beneficial than conventional surgery as it causes prompt hemostasis, minimal blood loss and reduced healing time of the site.
“A Comparative Evaluation of The Wettability of Four Denture Base Materials to Three Commercially Available Saliva Substitute: An in Vitro Study”
Authors: Srivastava Shitij , Shekhar Abhinav , Jayaswal Amrita , Bhatia Love Kumar , Chaturvedi Anshuman , Chaturvedi Apurva 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT:
AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the wettability of three saliva substitute (Saleva, Wet Mouth and GC Dry Mouth) to four denture base materials (Heat cured, High Impact, Nylon and Cobalt – Chromium metal base).
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 samples were made, 15 each of the four denture based materials used that are Heat cure PMMA, High impact PMMA, Nylon based denture base and cobalt chromium based denture base. Three commercially available saliva substitutes Saleva, Wet Mouth and GC Dry Mouth were taken to compare the wettability of the denture base materials with the help of Contact Angle Goniometer.
Results: According to the result derived from this study, the nylon based denture base material was the most easily wettable denture base material while the greatest hysteresis value was offered by Wet Mouth saliva substitute.
Conclusion: 1. It was concluded that the nylon based denture base material was most easily wettable denture base material and Wet Mouth offered the greatest hysteresis value. 2. It was also concluded that the combination of nylon based denture base material and Wet Mouth offered the greatest retention.
Keywords: Contact angle, denture base material, retention, saliva substitute, wettability
Source of support: Nil
Conflict of interest: None
Formulation and Statistical Evaluation of Tablets Containing Pitavastatin-
Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Selvamuthukumar S. , Gowripattapu Sridevi , Sathis Kumar D. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To formulate and characterize tablets containing Pitavastatin that has been loaded with a self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS).

Methods:
Pitavastatin SNEDDS were prepared with a variety of oils, surfactants, co-surfactants, and solvents to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. The SNEDDS components were preliminarily investigated for drug solubility in various vehicles, excipient miscibility, emulsification rate, and ternary phase diagrams. The tablets were made using a porous carrier made of Aerosil 200 and then loaded with SNEDDS using a simple absorption method. Physical parameters such as tablet hardness, weight variation, disintegration, drug content, and in-vitro drug release were then measured on the tablets.

Results:
Labrafac Lipophilewl1349 (Oil), Tween 80 (Surfactant) and Egg lecithin (Co-surfactant) were selected for the preparation of SNEDDS. Tablets with high porosity suitable for loading with SNEDDS and containing the super-disintegrants, achieved complete dissolution of Pitavastatin from the tablets. In vitro release of Pitavastatin from SNEDDS and the tablets was similar (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
SNEDDS of Pitavastatin is a promising approach to achieving a solid dosage form of the liquid-loaded drug delivery systems for enhancing the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug, and hence also its bioavailability.
Rational Study of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Color of Camellia
assamecia Based on Vacuum Drying and Hot Air Drying Effect
Authors: Das Abhijit , Kalita Deka Anamika , Chakraborty Runu , Raychaiudhuri Utpal 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The present study was conducted to determine the effect vacuum and
hot air drying on antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and color of Camellia Assamica collected
from Bokaghat, Chirang, Golaghat and Mongoldoi of Assam.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to observe effect on antioxidant, antimicrobial activity
and colour of Camellia Assamica and compare the data with hot air oven drying.

Methods:
The scavenging activity of the sample was found to be 93.97% for DPPH and 0.657
(μg/ml); in the color analysis for the vacuum dried sample it was ΔL* = 39.5-54.6 CIE, and the
chroma a*= from –5.0 to –4.01 CIE units CIE units and 15.7-20.7 better than hot air drying.

Results and Conclusion:
Analytically cholorophyll Ch-a =1.51, Ch-b = 1.08 and carotenoids and
Cx+c = 0.64 are determine and the vacuum dried tea extract has shown potent antimicrobial activity
with inhibition zone of 15mm and 10 mm for S. aureus and against E.coli respectively.
Is there a Concordance between CHA2DS2 VASc and HAS-BLED Scores in Middle Eastern Patients with Nonvalvular AF? Analysis of the Jordan Atrial Fibrillation (JoFib) Study
Authors: Jarrah Mohamad I. , Alrabadi Nasr , Alzoubi Karem. H. , Mhaidat Qasim N. , Hammoudeh Ayman 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF) is a common arrhythmia that potentially contributes to stroke and systemic embolization. Anticoagulants may contribute to the risk of bleeding in these patients. Reports of NVAF on Middle Eastern populations are scarce and outdated. This study investigated the concordance between congestive heart failure, hypertension, ≥75 years of age, diabetes mellitus, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, 65 to 74 years of age group, sex category (CHA2DS2 VASc), and Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly (HAS-BLED) scores, and the risks of stroke and bleeding in Jordanian NVAF patients.

Methods:
Results were extracted from the Jordan Atrial Fibrillation (JoFib) multicenter registry (NCT03917992). To assess the risk of stroke, a CHA2DS2 VASc score was used. The HAS-BLED score was used to assess the risk of bleeding. Subgroup analysis for males and females was carried out.

Results:
We included 1823 NVAF patients, almost equally distributed among males and females. The overall mean age was 68.2 years. Most patients had a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 (71.5%). Almost half of the patients were smokers, 45.5% had diabetes, and 76.3% had hypertension. Paroxysmal AF was the most common subtype (38%), followed by the permanent (28.6%), long-standing (17.3%), and persistent types (16.1%). Females had a significantly higher CHA2DS2 VASc score than males (p=0.012). For the risk of bleeding, 48.9% of patients had a low risk, 31.5% had intermediate risk, and 19.6% had a high risk. A correlation was found between the two scoring systems. Out of the 357 patients who had a high HAS-BLED score, 354 (99.2%) patients also had a high CHA2DS2 VASc score.

Conclusion:
In almost all NVAF patients with a high risk of bleeding (high HAS-BLED score), the use of anticoagulants is highly recommended and strongly indicated according to the CHA2DS2 VASc score stratification. Therefore, strict strategies of well-controlled administration of anticoagulants should always be considered and followed in Middle Eastern patients with NVAF and a high risk of bleeding.
Prevalence of Suicidal Tendencies and Associated Risk Factors among Nigerian University Students: A Quantitative Survey
Authors: Lawrence Kehinde 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
Using a quantitative survey research approach, this study aims to investigate some risk factors associated with suicidal tendencies among undergraduate students in Nigeria. There is concern by society about the recent reported increased rate of suicide among undergraduate students in Nigeria

Methods:
A multistage sampling method was used to select 2 100 undergraduate students in South West Nigeria. A questionnaire consisting of indices of suicidal tendencies was used to collect data and logistic regression was employed as a statistical tool.

Results and Discussion:
Findings suggest that 151 (7.5%) of the respondents with risk factors such as alcoholism (OR = 1.02, {1.01–1.04}) and helplessness (OR = 1.04, {1.01–1.06}) reported strong and significant association (p < 0.05) with suicidal tendencies. Depression (OR = .985, {.960–1.01}), hopelessness (OR = .999, {.971–1.01}), self-worry (OR = 1.00, {.988–1.02}), self-doubt (OR = 1.00, {.983–1.03}), inefficacy (OR = .991, {.966–1.02}), age (OR = 1.00, {.043–2.325}), and gender (OR = 1.04, {.724–1.50}) showed weak and insignificant association with suicidal tendencies (p > 0.05). This study concludes that there is a slight prevalence of suicidal tendencies among undergraduate students, and that there is a need to introduce suicidal prevention education into the university curriculum as a way of containing the prevalence of suicide among adolescents and youths.

Conclusion:
For individuals identified with suicidal tendencies, studies should focus on the development of psychosocial interventions that can be used, such as counselling by psychologists and public health and social health workers. In the interim, urgent regular suicide awareness and prevention programs are suggested.
Defining Weapon Systems with Autonomy: The Critical Functions in Theory and Practice
Authors: Hayir Nurbanu 
Published: May 2022

The rise of the use of Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) in the battlefield has engendered numerous ongoing legal debates, including that on their legal definition. There have been various approaches with respect to defining them in relation to their interaction with humans, the complexity of the technology behind them, and the features of their functions. The latter has been particularly endorsed by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), which defines AWS as weapon systems with autonomy in their critical functions of target selection and attack. None of these approaches received unanimous approval by States. Though scholars have addressed the advantages and the disadvantages of the first two approaches, not many amendments have been introduced on the functional approach of the ICRC.
The wording of the ICRC definition is vague and requires a framework on what should be defined as critical as well as on the functions of weapon systems. The critical nature of the function must be determined in relation to its relevance in terms of international humanitarian law (IHL) regulating AWS, which is the most important element in their definition. This analysis will benefit to resolve the impasse in the debate on the legal definition of AWS and further the efforts to regulate them.
Participant Experiences of a COVID-19 Virtual Clinical Study Using the Current Health Remote Monitoring Platform: Case Study and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Pugmire Juliana , Lever Taylor Jessie , Wilkes Matt , Wolfberg Adam , Zahradka Nicole 
Published: May 2022

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with a positive viral test were enrolled in a study, within 48 hours, to remotely monitor their vital signs to characterize disease progression and recovery. A virtual trial design was adopted to reduce risks to participants and the research community in a study titled Risk Stratification and Early Alerting Regarding COVID-19 Hospitalization (RiskSEARCH). The Food and Drug Administration–cleared Current Health platform with a wearable device is a continuous remote patient monitoring technology that supports hospital-at-home care and is used as a data collection tool. Enrolled participants wore the Current Health wearable device continuously for up to 30 days and took a daily symptom survey via a tablet that was provided. A qualitative substudy was conducted in parallel to better understand virtual trial implementation, including barriers and facilitators for participants.

Objective
This study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators of the user experience of interacting with a virtual care platform and research team, while participating in a fully virtual study using qualitative and quantitative data.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted to understand participants’ experience of participating in a virtual study during a global pandemic. The schedule included their experience of enrollment and their interactions with equipment and study staff. A total of 3 RiskSEARCH participants were interviewed over telephone, and transcriptions were inductively coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Themes were mapped onto the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify and describe the factors that influenced study adherence. Quantitative metrics, including adherence to wearable and scheduled tasks collected as part of the RiskSEARCH main study, were paired with the interviews to present an overall picture of participation.

Results
All participants exceeded our definition of a fully adherent participant and reported that participation was feasible and had a low burden. The symptoms progressively resolved during the trial. Inductive thematic analysis identified 13 main themes from the interview data, which were deductively mapped onto 11 of the 14 TDF domains, highlighting barriers and facilitators for each.

Conclusions
Participants in the RiskSEARCH substudy showed high levels of adherence and engagement throughout participation. Although participants experienced some challenges in setting up and maintaining the Current Health kit (eg, charging devices), they reported feeling that the requirements of participation were both reasonable and realistic. We demonstrated that the TDF can be used for inductive thematic analysis. We anticipate expanding this work in future virtual studies and trials to identify barriers and enabling factors for implementation.
How does taking a Canadian Studies course influence how American students think about Canada?
Authors: Piroth Scott 
Published: May 2022

In this article, I discuss what American students think about Canada before and after taking a Canadian Studies course. I reflect on what I am trying to convey when I teach Canadian Studies courses regarding how Canada differs from the United States and why it is important for Americans to study Canada. The article reports results from a survey of students who have taken Introduction to Canadian Studies in past semesters. These results are discussed in the broader contexts of what American students think about Canada and how taking the course influences these views.