bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short and Long Term Effects of Splenectomy on Memory B Cell Level in Children
Authors: Paul Shantona Rani , Islam Mohammad Saiful , Ali Md Nowshad , Shahid SM Ahsan , Hossain Md Zamil 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Splenectomy has long been used to treat benign hematological abnormalities such as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), some hemolytic anemias- especially hereditary spherocytosis and thalassemia, and prehepatic portal hypertension. The discovery that splenectomized individuals are more vulnerable to encapsulated organism infection has been attributed to the spleen's lack of filtration and the development of anticarbohydrate antibodies. Recent research in such splenectomized patients suggests that the lack of this specific anticarbohydrate antibody in these participants is attributable to a decreased number of Memory B cells (a subgroup of B lymphocytes in charge of T-independent responses). Traditional vaccinations, which are given to splenectomized patients to protect them from being infected by encapsulated organisms, can only act in the presence of both the spleen and its functioning marginal zone. As a Result, the study will look at the level of memory B cells in the blood after three months and 1-year post-splenectomy.
Aim of the study: The objective of the study was to observe the short- and long-term effects of splenectomy on memory B cells in children. Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted at the Pediatric Surgery Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh. The study duration was one year, from July 2015 to August 2016. A total of 26 children were selected through a purposive sampling technique for this study, where the control group consisted of 10 children, and the case group consisted of 16 splenectomized children.
Result: Among the case group participants, 56.25% were from the oldest age group of 12-15 years, and 37.5% were from the age group of 8-11-years. Male prevalence was high in both the control and the case group. Beta thalassemia was the primary indication for splenectomy for 81.25% of case group patients. Mean B lymphocyte was 39700.2 in the control group, 3655.3 at the 3-month follow-up of case group participants, and 3381.7 for those who had follow-up1-year after splenectomy. The mean amount of IgM memory B cells in the control group was 17.92%; at the 3-month follow-up of the case, it was 18.96%, and at the 1-year follow-up, it was 4.34%.
Conclusion: In post-splenectomy individuals, immunological constitutions in memory B cells do not support a T-independent response and, therefore, vaccination.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-1: 39-44
Correlation Between BMI And LH Level and LH/FSH Ratio-A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Parvin Rukhsana , Ahmmad Be Nazir , Ara Rawshan , Begum Monowara , Khatun Rokeya , Rashid Maliha 
Published: August 2022

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common reproductive endocrinopathy of women during their childbearing age. Elevated LH/FSH ratio, abnormally high androgen level and relatively high endogenous estrogen production are indicative of PCOS. The diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome remains controversial with some considering transvaginal sonography with the combination of clinical criteria for diagnosis. In this study, we tried to determine whether there is any impact of BMI on LH or LH/FSH ratio in PCOS for better management in the future.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Those clinically presented as obese, hirsute, and with menstrual disturbances were non-smokers and had not been on any medications for the last three months before the study. Age groups ˂20 and ˃40 years, non-PCOS with infertility, and nonobese patients were excluded from the study.
Results: Among the total 58 patients, BMI in the range of 25-28 kg/m 2 was found in the highest frequency in 44 cases (75.9%), high LH level group in 33 cases (56.9%). LH/FSH ratio ˃2 found in 27 cases (46.66%). The correlation between BMI and LH/FSH ratio showed the highest frequency in 21 cases in the BMI group (25-28kg/m 2 ) (p ˂0.009). Random LH level amplitude was found higher in low BMI (25-28kg/m 2 ) than lower in higher BMI (28-34kg/m 2 ) (p ˂0.003).
Conclusion:Assessments of basal LH levels and the LH/FSH ratio in hyperandrogenic anovulatory women would be clinically meaningful when BMI is taken into account.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-1: 71-76
Practices of Complementary Feeding of Mothers Attending a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in the Northern Part of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Khalilur , Islam KM Saiful , Tarafder Manirul Haque , Ali Rustam , Amin Ruhul , Das Mrinal Kanti 
Published: August 2022

Background: Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood are essential to ensure growth and development, and it depends significantly on the pattern of complementary feeding. As Bangladesh is a high burden of infant malnutrition, the present study was designed to assess the practices regarding complementary feeding among mothers attending a tertiary care hospital. Objective: To observe the attitude and practices of mothers regarding complementary feeding. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics in Rajshahi Medical Hospital for one year. A total of 227 mothers of children aged between 6 to 24 months attending pediatric OPD at Rajshahi Medical Hospital were included in this study. Data collection was conducted through a pre-designed questionnaire. After data collection of data, data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0.
Results: A total of 227 parents were interviewed. The mean age of the respondents was 26±8.42 (SD) years. Nearly half (45%) of the mothers belonged to lower-middle-income families. Of all, 82% of the mothers knew about the perception of complementary feeding, and about 21% knew the WHO recommended age for complimentary food initiation (at six months). About 71% and 60% had knowledge about iron-rich food and iodized salt accordingly. Half of them knew the appropriate consistency of complimentary food. About 64% of mothers gave complementary foods ≤2 times a day while 36% fed≥3 times a day. Regarding attitude, 78% of mothers approached the necessity of maintaining dietary diversity and variety of food for a balanced diet. In comparison, 52% preferred homemade food, 22% preferred commercially available food, and 26% preferred a combination of both. About 71.8% of mothers believed in different food taboos. In this study, dilution of cow's milk as a complementary food was done by 76% of mothers, while complementary feeding was discontinued by 80%. About 78% and 65% of the mothers reported washing their hands and utensils and baby's hand before feeding the child, 66% of them covered the food after cooking, and 43% reheated the food before serving.
Conclusion: This study shed light on existing knowledge, attitude, and practice among mothers attending a tertiary care hospital. But to get the exact scenario, further extensive study is recommended.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-1: 83-90
Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase-producing WHO-declared Deadliest Drug-resistant Bacteria in the Rajshahi Region
Authors: Haque Md Ahsanul , Alam Md Shah , Kabir Farjana , Zahan Rozina Aktar , Khan Md Mottalib Hossain , Parvez MM Washee 
Published: August 2022

Background: Carbapenem resistance is a major and ongoing public health problem globally and locally. It occurs mainly among Gram-negative pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Most of the carbapenemase-producing bacteria are multidrug resistant, including 3rd generation of cephalosporin and carbapenems. It may be intrinsic or mediated by transferable carbapenemase-encoding genes. This type of resistance gene is already widespread in certain parts of the world, mainly Europe, Asia, and South America. Objective: To isolate and identify WHO-declared carbapenemase-producing deadliest drug resistance bacteria with their antibiogram in the Rajshahi region.
Materials Method: Cross sectional descriptive study was done from July 2017 to June 2018. Wound swab was collected in different surgical and burn units of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. The specimens were inoculated in blood agar, nutrient agar, and MacConkey's agar media and incubated aerobically at 370 C for 24 hours. Susceptibility tests of the bacterial isolates were done by using the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar media. Carbapenemase-producing bacteria were identified by using the modified Hodge test.
Results: Out of the total 250 samples, culture yielded growth in 213(85.2%) cases, and 37(14.8%) yielded no increase. Females were predominant 146(58.4%) in comparison to males 104(41.6%), with a male-female ratio of 1: 1.4. A maximum of 47.2% of cases were between 19-30 years old. Among the culture-positive isolates, gram-negative organisms were higher (58.8%) than gram-positive (41.2%). S. aureus was the predominant organism 71(30.8%), followed by P. aeruginosa 47(20.3%), E.coli 43(18.7%), and Acinetobacter baumannii 07 (3%). Among seven isolated Acinetobacter baumannii, 47 isolated P. aeruginosa, and 82 isolated Enterobacteriaceae: 6(85.7%), 33(70.2%), and 53(64.6%) were MDR; and 4(57.1%), 12(25.5%) and 14(17%) were carbapenemase-producers respectively.
Conclusion: Most of the isolated carbapenemase-producing bacteria are multidrug resistant, and they tend to cause complicated infections. In addition, the expression of specific virulent factors, difficulty in diagnosis, and the non-availability of newer generation antibiotics make them one of the deadliest bacteria.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-1: 91-98
Role of Bronchial Brush Cytology in Diagnosis of Bronchopulmonary Lesions
Authors: Jahan Rukhshana Akhter , Islam Md Rezaul , Majumder Samir , Sultana Rebeka 
Published: August 2022

Bronchial carcinoma is currently the most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The increasing incidence could be due to increased smoking habits, change in lifestyles, increased environmental pollution, and the availability of different modalities to detect lung cancer. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy was introduced in 1968 to evaluate bronchopulmonary lesions. Since then, various methods for obtaining good specimens have become available apart from sputum. A higher positive rate was obtained from specimens collected by fiberoptic bronchoscope. We aimed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of brushings compared with the biopsy of lung lesions. The study was done on 100 patients, of which bronchial brush cytology was done in all 100 cases, and endobronchial biopsy was carried out in 20 cases. This study showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of brushing to be 87.5%, 75%, 85%, 93.13%, and 60%, respectively.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-1: 107-115
Noonan Syndrome with Hepatomegaly and Persistently Elevated Liver Enzymes: A Case Report
Authors: Islam Md Aminul , Begum Shamrose , Haque Md Azizul 
Published: August 2022

Noonan’s syndrome is a polymorphic disorder with some facial features, congenital heart defects, cryptorchidism, etc., and also associated with some autoimmune diseases, lymphatic dysplasias. Here we are reporting a nine years old boy with Noonan's syndrome who has hepatomegaly with persistently raised hepatic enzymes, which remained unexplained.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-1: 137-140
Patrimonio cultural y comunidades: por una visión indivisible de la materialidad y la inmaterialidad
Authors: Arista Zerga Adriana 
Published: August 2022

El patrimonio cultural atendiendo concepción de material o inmaterial, se constituye en un elemento que se enraíza en ciertas cualidades y características de un grupo de individuos, de un espacio geográfico determinado, configurándose también como un elemento de cambio y muchas veces de disrupción dentro de las dinámicas no solo culturales, sino también políticas, sociales y económicas de los países y/o las comunidades.
Al ser este texto parte de una discusión sobre los cincuenta años de la Convención de París de 1972 y los efectos que esta tiene en las comunidades, me gustaría realizar una reflexión que tiene como base la idea de la necesidad de una visión más amplia del patrimonio cultural denominado “material”, una en la que los aspectos materiales e inmateriales sean observados al mismo tiempo y considerados como aspectos indivisibles.
Enfermagem após pandemia do Covid-19
Authors: Flauzino Victor Hugo de Paula , Hernandes Luana de Oliveira , Botion Beatriz Mees , Cunha Amanda Priscilla da , Gomes Daiana Moreira , Vitorino Priscila Gramata da Silva , Cesário Jonas Magno dos Santos 
Published: August 2022

Na mobilização mundial, órgãos de vigilância e sociedade encontra-se juntos no enfrentamento da pandemia, com os profissionais de enfermagem que atuam na linha de frente a pandemia nos serviços de saúde, no início percebeu-se que pouco se conhecia sobre a doença, sua forma de prevenção, patogênese ou tratamento. A enfermagem está no tratamento de casos da Covid-19 e enfrenta sérias implicações para que suas condições de trabalho e sua segurança pessoal sejam reconhecidas. O objetivo específico foi mostrar quais foram as mudanças da Covid-19 na enfermagem. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão bibliográfica na banca de dados do Google Acadêmico, BVS e SciELO, publicadas entre 2020 e 2022, disponíveis de forma completa. A foi incluido 5 artigos das bases da SciELO e Google acadêmico, no BVS teve somente 11 artigos científicos, o que resultou em uma amostra final de 21 artigos científicos de periódicos diferentes.Para mostrar os dados encontrados durante a pesquisa, foi realizada a divisão em duas categorias conforme a sua temática, que foram: Categoria A - Apresentar os principais impactos da Covid-19 na enfermagem; Categoria B - Mostrar quais foram as mudanças da Covid-19 na enfermagem. Os principais impactos a falta de EPI suficiente teve um impacto adverso sobre atuação da enfermagem, o que exacerbou a escassez de mão-de-obra. A Covid-19 trouxe muitas mudanças ao longo do último anos, embora todos tenhamos nos adaptado a essas mudanças no dia-a-dia, o mercado de saúde também teve que se adaptar rapidamente. O coronavírus mudou a enfermagem não só para quem já trabalha na área, mas também para estudantes de enfermagem. A pandemia expôs questões subjacentes e criou novos problemas no recrutamento, preparação educacional, retenção, bem-estar, compreensão da migração da força de trabalho.
Influence of left ventricular unloading on pediatric post-cardiotomy veno-arterial extracorporeal life support outcomes
Authors: Meani Paolo , Lorusso Roberto , Kowalewski Mariusz , Isgrò Giuseppe , Cazzaniga Anna , Satriano Angela , Ascari Alice , Bernardinetti Mattia , Cotza Mauro , Marchese Giuseppe , Ciotti Erika , Kandil Hassan , Di Dedda Umberto , Aloisio Tommaso , Varrica Alessandro , Giamberti Alessandro , Ranucci Marco 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe effectiveness of veno-arterial extracorporeal life support (V-A ECLS) in treating neonatal and pediatric patients with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) and requiring cardio-circulatory assistance is well-known. Nevertheless, the influence of left ventricle (LV) distension and its countermeasure, namely LV unloading, on survival and clinical outcomes in neonates and children treated with V-A ECLS needs still to be addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of LV unloading on in-hospital survival and complications in neonates and children treated with V-A ECLS.MethodsThe clinical outcomes of 90 pediatric patients with CHD under 16 years of age supported with V-A ECLS for post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock (CS) were retrospectively reviewed in relationship with the presence or absence of an active LV unloading strategy.ResultsThe patient cohort included 90 patients (age 19.6 ± 31.54 months, 64.4% males), 42 of whom were vented with different techniques (38 with atrial septostomy (AS) or left atria cannula, two with cannula from LV apex, 1 with intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), and one with pigtail across the aortic valve). The LV unloading strategy significantly increased the in-hospital survival (odds ratio [OR] = 2.74, 95% CI 1.06–7.08; p = 0.037). On the contrary, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation decreased the related survival (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 1.09–0.96; p = 0.041). The most common complications were infections (28.8%), neurological injury (26%), and bleeding (25.6%). However, these did not differently occur in venting and no-venting groups.ConclusionIn pediatric patients with CHD supported with V-A ECLS for post-cardiotomy CS, the LV unloading strategy was associated with increased survival.
Study on the genetic mechanism of high-temperature geothermal system and its engineering impact in the Woka graben, Tibet
Authors: Zhang Wen , Xu Mo , Wu Sen 
Published: August 2022

The geothermal resource has become the significant constitution of renewable and clean energies in the world. This study focuses on the genetic mechanism of a high-temperature geothermal system and its engineering impact in the Woka graben, southern Tibet, via hydrochemical and isotopic analyses. The hydrochemical types are mainly SO4-Na type, SO4-Cl-Na type, and HCO3-SO4-Na type. Geothermal water is characterized as medium to alkaline affinity with low total dissolved solids. D-O isotopes indicate that geothermal water is recharged by atmospheric precipitation at the elevation of 5193–5247 m. Na-K-Mg equilibrium diagram shows partial equilibrium or mixed water, and the proportion of cold water mixing is 73–83%. The temperature ranges of shallow and deep geothermal reservoirs are from 96.85°C to 119.57°C and from 120°C to 200°C, respectively. Geothermal water is heated by melting crust and controlled by deep faults. For major construction projects in the Woka graben, detailed investigation and demonstration should be conducted to avoid the geothermal water channel as much as possible, or to divert the geothermal water and reasonably arrange the construction sequence to overcome the problem.
Association between use of liraglutide and liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tan Yijiong , Zhen Qin , Ding Xiaoying , Shen Tingting , Liu Fang , Wang Yufan , Zhang Qidi , Lin Renkun , Chen Lili , Peng Yongde , Fan Nengguang 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivePatients with type 2 diabetes have a high risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related liver fibrosis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have demonstrated efficacy in improving NAFLD, while their effectiveness on liver fibrosis is limited in type 2 diabetic patients.Materials/MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed in type 2 diabetic patients. The study subjects were divided into two groups based on the use of liraglutide or not, and propensity score matching (PSM) was also conducted. After 12 months follow-up, liver fibrosis was assessed by NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). The association between liraglutide use and liver fibrosis was analyzed by multivariable linear regression.ResultsIn the current study, a total of 1,765 type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled. 262 patients were liraglutide user and 1,503 were nouser. After 12 months follow-up, liraglutide use tended to be associated with reduced prevalence of advanced fibrosis (3.1% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.218). After adjustment for confounding factors, multivariable linear regression revealed that liraglutide use was negatively associated with decreased NFS (β= -0.34, P = 0.043), FIB4 (β= -0.26, P = 0.044) and LSM (β= -4.95, P = 0.007) in type 2 diabetics. The results after PSM were similar to those before PSM.ConclusionsLiraglutide treatment is associated with decreased liver fibrosis in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Effects of sacubitril/valsartan on both metabolic parameters and insulin resistance in prediabetic non-obese patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Cloro Cosima , Zaffina Isabella , Sacchetta Luca , Arturi Federico , Clausi Cristina , Lucà Stefania , Pelle Maria Chiara , Giofrè Federica , Armentaro Giuseppe , Forte Valentina , De Rosa Francesco Mario , Sciacqua Angela , Arturi Franco 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe effects of sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) on metabolic parameters and insulin resistance (IR) in non-obese/prediabetic patients have not been previously described.AimTo evaluate the effects of sac/val on glycemic and metabolic parameters, Homeostatic Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), and echocardiographic parameters in prediabetic patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).MethodsFifty-nine patients with HFrEF (EF &lt; 35%) but without obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus have been enrolled. All the patients at baseline and week 24 underwent complete anthropometrical evaluation and were subjected to an echocardiogram test. IR has been assessed by HOMA-IR.ResultsAfter 24-week of treatment with sac/val, a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (109 ± 9 vs 103 ± 8 mg/dl, p &lt; 0.0001), fasting plasma insulin (16 ± 4 vs 10 ± 4 UI/L), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) value (6% ± 0.5% vs 5.3% ± 0.3%, p &lt; 0.0001) was observed. Similarly, we observed a significant improvement in IR (HOMA-IR, 4.4 ± 0.9 vs 2.5 ± 0.6, p &lt; 0.0001). The echocardiogram evaluation showed a significant reduction of the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (168 ± 24 vs 158 ± 22 ml, p &lt; 0.05), a significant reduction of the left ventricular end-systolic volume (111 ± 26 vs 98 ± 22 ml, p &lt; 0.005), and a significant reduction of E/e′ ratio. Sac/val use was also associated with an average 5.1% increase in ejection fraction.ConclusionsOur data seem to indicate that sal/val enhances metabolic control and improves insulin resistance also in prediabetic non-obese patients with HFrEF.
Retrospective analysis of the relationship between bone mineral density and body composition in a health check-up Chinese population
Authors: Li Yuxin , Huang Zhen , Gong Yan , Zheng Yansong , Zeng Qiang 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis study was designed to explore the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition indicators in Chinese adults (≥50 years) in order to provide a scientific basis for optimal bone health management.MethodIndividuals ≥50 years old who received physical examinations and routine check-ups at the Health Management Research Institute of PLA General Hospital from September 2014 through March 2022 were included as research subjects in this study. Basic clinical and demographic information were recorded for all subjects, along with smoking and drinking status, height and body weight. A panel of routine blood chemistry and metabolite markers were measured, along with lean muscle mass and body fat mass using body composition bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and bone mineral density (BMD) were calculated for all individuals. For comparative analysis, individuals were grouped based on their BMI, BFP, SMI and BMD T-score. Follow-up examinations were performed in a cohort of 1,608 individuals matched for age, sex, smoking and drinking history for ≥5 years,ResultsIn this large cross-sectional study, age, smoking, homocysteine (Hcy) and blood glucose levels were established as independent risk factors for osteoporosis. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex, BMI, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), SMI, BFP, smoking, blood levels of inorganic phosphate (P) and K+ were all significantly associated with osteoporosis risk (P&lt;0.05). A subset of these factors- BMI, SMI, BFP and K+, were determined to be protective. In the cohort followed for ≥5 years, SMI and BMD decreased while BFP and BMI increased significantly (P&lt;0.001) over time.ConclusionRisk of osteoporosis may be reduced by increasing body weight, particularly lean muscle mass, while simultaneously controlling BFP.