bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties of aerial parts of Centaurea tougourensis Boiss. and Reut.
Authors: Bensaad Mohamed Sabri , Dassamiour Saliha , Hambaba Leila , Kahoul Mohamed Amine , Benhoula Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To determine the anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties of the aerial parts of Centaurea tougourensis Boiss. & Reut.
Methods: The effects of n-butanol (n-BuOH) extract of the aerial part of Centaurea tougourensis on carrageenan-induced paw edema and ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage were determined at 2 doses (200 and 400 mg/kg, po) in a mouse model. For each test, the animals were randomly divided into negative and positive control groups, as well as extract-treated groups. The mice were observed for any sign of inflammation for a period of 24h.
Results: Reduction of paw edema by C. tougourensis extract was highly significant (p < 0.001) at a dose of 400 mg/kg 24 h after carrageenan injection, with 55.26 % inhibition, followed very closely by 53.15 % inhibition at the dose of 200 mg/kg; indomethacin group showed an inhibition of 60 %. Histological examination supported the inhibition results. A significant reduction in inflammation by the extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg was also observed. No sign of ulcer was observed with C. tougourensis at the two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg). The total polyphenol content of the n-BuOH extract was 85.44 цg gallic acid equivalent/mg of extract. Tannins were the most abundant fraction (51.87 цg tannic acid equivalent/mg of extract), followed by flavonoids (25.55 цg quercetin equivalent/mg of extract).
Conclusion: The results indicate that C. tougourensis may have potential beneficial effects in the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation and pain, besides its protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract.
Extraction, biological activities and stability of Hylocereus polyrhizus peel extract as a functional food colorant and nutraceutical
Authors: Putthawan Pornhathai , Prompanya Burimnat , Promnet Suthasinee 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To study the biological effects and the stability of H.polyrhizus peel extract as a natural colorant and nutraceutical in foods
Methods: Distilled water, 90 % alcohol mixed with citric acid (2 and 4 %) were used for pigment extraction. Betalain content and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were determined. Cytotoxic effect against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human cervical adenocarcinoma (Hela), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), murine leukemia (P388) and human oral cavity carcinoma (KB) were measured with MTT assay. Then, the effectiveness of different carriers for coating the pigment i.e., lactose, starch and maltodextrin were measured. The thermal and pH stabilities of pigments were determined in samples at temperatures of 50, 70 and 90°C, and at pH values of 2, 7 and 12. Finally, consumer acceptance of cooled jelly containing synthetic dye and betalain pigment was assessed.
Results: Distilled water was the best solvent for extraction, producing 59.9 mg/g of betalain, and 42.39 % DPPH radical scavenging activity. The betalain pigment had high antiproliferative effect against P388 cancer, with 77.50 %, cytotoxicity. The best for carriers were 10 % lactose and 10 % matodextrin (p > 0.05). The samples were unstable when adjusted pH 2 and 12 at all temperatures. Cooled jelly containing 1 % artificial dye had the highest sensory score, followed by 2.5 % natural colorant.
Conclusion: H. polyrhizus pigment has promising potential for application in food products as a functional food colorant and nutraceutical. However, further studies are required the shelf life of pigment.
Job satisfaction among pharmacists practicing in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Iheanacho Chinonyerem O. , Odili Valentine U. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Job satisfaction is positively related to productivity and effectiveness and therefore, vital for effective functioning of any professional practice including pharmacy. The purpose of this study was to assess job satisfaction of pharmacists in Benin City and to gain insight and understanding of their expectations in various practice area.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists in various practice areas in Benin City. Job satisfaction was evaluated among 200 pharmacists recruited using convenient sampling method. The tool used was a pretested, three section self-completion questionnaire which tested job satisfaction and their indicators in pharmacy practice areas using 3 and 5 point Likert-type scales, respectively. Data were compared using ANOVA.
Results: Majority of the respondents were males (116, 58.0%), married (100, 50.0%), and practiced in community pharmacies (96, 48.0%). Their overall satisfaction with their jobs had the mean scores of 2.25 ± 0.591. Compared to other practice areas, the pharmacists in academia had the highest overall job satisfaction score (2.47 ± 0.615) and this was significantly (p=0.01) higher than the overall satisfaction score of hospital pharmacists (2.04 ± 0.576). Increase in salary was the highest indicator of job satisfaction for the respondents (4.26 ± 1.218); which was followed by promotion (4.11±1.207) and recognition (3.91 ±1.254). The least indicators were motivational talk (3.36 ±1.329) and leave from work (3.37 ±1.319).
Conclusion: Study participants reported to be satisfied on their job and academics were most satisfied, while hospital pharmacists were the least satisfied. Salary increase, promotion, and recognition were the major factors that influence job satisfaction for the pharmacists.
The Lebanese experience for early career development: Bridging the gap to reach the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Global Competency Framework
Authors: Hajj Aline , Zeenny Rony M. , Akel Marwan , Sacre Hala , Salameh Pascale 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Currently, there is no official national competency framework for pharmacy education or early career development programs in Lebanon. In 2017, the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon attempted to fill that gap by developing and validating a framework using the FIP Global Competency Framework version 1 among others.
Methods: Since this framework has not been implemented by the Lebanese educational bodies, it was deemed necessary to adapt it further, adding innovative aspects according to the recently published FIP Global Competency Framework version 2. This study identified recommendations to ways of improving pharmacy education.
Results: There are missing barriers, which pose major challenges to the implementation of early career training in pharmacy schools in Lebanon. The implementation of these recommendations would produce practice-ready pharmacists with homogeneous competencies.
Conclusion: A critical analysis of the contextual factors affecting the success of early-career training would help set expected outcomes to ensure best fit for society.
IMPLEMENTASI CLOUD STORAGE MENGGUNAKAN OWNCLOUD DAN UBUNTU SERVER STUDI KASUS PADA PT INDONESIA NIPPON SEIKI
Authors: Gunawan Waliadi , Sunandar Elan 
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to produce real work based on the need for cloud storage for ease in the company's business processes which in its benefits are intended for file sharing in the e-mail delivery process and provide security for attached files because infrastructure such as servers and storage media are within the scope of the company. The research method that I use is the prototype
method, where the author first analyzes the needs and from the results of the analysis the authors design the stages that will be carried out and use UML (Unified Modeling Language) as a software modeling tool developed. The results achieved are that the file sharing facility in cloud storage can be used as a medium for sending large files in the process of sending e-mails by uploading files to be sent into cloud storage to then get the download link to be sent via e-mail to then downloaded by the recipient user, and information security can be better maintained because all infrastructure both from the server and storage media are within the scope of the company, this is done to prevent theft of information by irresponsible parties. The conclusion is that before applying cloud storage, the maximum limit for sending email is only 5 Mb, after cloud storage is implemented at the company, the business process of sending e-mails with large file attachment sizes is not a problem because users can utilize cloud storage facilities, and data security. To be guaranteed because cloud storage infrastructure is within the scope of the company.
Educação do Campo e PRONERA: Paulo Freire, presente!
Authors: CARVALHO Sandra Maria Gadelha de , BRITO Célia Maria Machado de 
Published: March 2022

O foco do trabalho é refletir sobre os pilares da Educação do Campo, como expressão da proposta educativa de Paulo Freire. A partir das investigações das autoras, em seus cursos de doutorado e pós-doutorado, são enfocados a constituição própria da Educação do Campo, a formação docente requerida, os avanços alcançados e os desafios postos na atualidade brasileira. Conclui-se por identificar que essa proposta educativa, erigida com os movimentos sociais do campo, tem sofrido investidas de diversas ordens, como tentativas de cerceamento político, cortes de financiamento, entre outros. Todavia, pela própria interpelação da práxis educativa defendida por Freire, os movimentos sociais, professores(as) universitários, docentes e discentes recriam espaços de resistência, por meio remoto, dada a imposição de distanciamento social imposta pela Pandemia da COVID-19, e, assim, buscam assegurar as conquistas alcançadas.Educação do campo. PRONERA. Paulo Freire. ABSTRACTThis work’s focus is on reflecting upon the pillars of rural education, as an expression of Paulo Freire's educational proposal. Based on the authors' investigations in their doctoral and postdoctoral courses, the focus is on the structure of rural education, the required teacher training, the advances achieved and the challenges posed in the current Brazilian situation. The conclusion is the realization that this educational proposal, erected with the social movements of the countryside, has suffered attacks of various orders, such as attempts at political curtailment, funding cuts, among others. However, through the very own questioning of the educational práxis that is defended by Freire, social movements, university professors, teachers and students remotely recreate spaces of resistance, given the social distancing imposed by the COVID-19 Pandemic, seeking to ensure the advances achieved. Rural education. PRONERA. Paulo Freire. RESUMENEl enfoque del trabajo es reflexionar sobre los pilares de la Educación Rural, como expresión de la propuesta educativa de Paulo Freire. A partir de las investigaciones de los autores, en sus cursos de doctorado y posdoctorado, se enfoca la constitución específica de la Educación Rural, la formación docente requerida, los avances logrados y los desafíos planteados en la situación brasileña. Se concluye identificando que esta propuesta educativa, erigida con los movimientos sociales rurales, ha sufrido ataques de diversos órdenes, como intentos de restricción política, recortes de fondos, entre otros. Sin embargo, por el propio cuestionamiento de la praxis educativa defendida por Freire, movimientos sociales, profesores universitarios, docentes y estudiantes recrean espacios de resistencia, por medios remotos, ante la imposición del distanciamiento social impuesto por la Pandemia COVID-19, y, así, buscan asegurar los logros alcanzados.Educación rural. PRONERA Paulo Freire.
Peran Kepala Sekolah sebagai Inovator dalam Meningkatkan Kreativitas Guru pada Proses Pembelajaran
Authors: Puspita Rahayu Dewi , Halima Halima , Arfin Arfin 
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peran kepala sekolah sebagai inovator dalam meningkatkan kreativitas guru pada proses pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 15 Konawe Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian bersifat deskriptif kualitatif, dengan informan penelitian berjumlah 12 orang yang terdiri dari kepala sekolah, 6 orang Guru, dan 5 orang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan empat tahap yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa peran kepala sekolah sebagai inovator dalam meningkatkan kreativitas guru pada proses pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 15 Konawe Selatan, ditentukan yakni: a) menggerakan, mengarahkan, mempengaruhi, mendorong, membimbing semua personel sekolah untuk dapat bekerja sama dalam membangun dan menjaga lingkungan sekolah serta selalu melakukan supervisi rutin, b) kepala sekolah memberikan gagasan-gagasan baru, dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam bentuk variasi dalam menggunakan metode dan media serta kemampuan dalam memecahkan masalah di dalam kelas.
Quantification of the dust optical depth across spatiotemporal scales with the MIDAS global dataset (2003–2017)
Authors: Gkikas Antonis , Proestakis Emmanouil , Amiridis Vassilis , Kazadzis Stelios , Di Tomaso Enza , Marinou Eleni , Hatzianastassiou Nikos , Kok Jasper F. , García-Pando Carlos Pérez 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Quantifying the dust optical depth (DOD) and its uncertainty across
spatiotemporal scales is key to understanding and constraining the dust
cycle and its interactions with the Earth System. This study quantifies the
DOD along with its monthly and year-to-year variability between 2003 and
2017 at global and regional levels based on the MIDAS (ModIs Dust AeroSol)
dataset, which combines Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-Aqua retrievals and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and
Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), reanalysis
products. We also describe the annual and seasonal geographical
distributions of DOD across the main dust source regions and transport
pathways. MIDAS provides columnar mid-visible (550 nm) DOD at fine spatial
resolution (0.1∘×0.1∘), expanding the current
observational capabilities for monitoring the highly variable spatiotemporal
features of the dust burden. We obtain a global DOD of 0.032±0.003 – approximately a quarter (23.4 %±2.4 %) of the global aerosol
optical depth (AOD) – with about 1 order of magnitude more DOD in the
Northern Hemisphere (0.056±0.004; 31.8 %±2.7 %) than in
the Southern Hemisphere (0.008±0.001; 8.2 %±1.1 %) and
about 3.5 times more DOD over land (0.070±0.005) than over ocean
(0.019±0.002). The Northern Hemisphere monthly DOD is highly
correlated with the corresponding monthly AOD (R2=0.94) and
contributes 20 % to 48 % of it, both indicating a dominant dust
contribution. In contrast, the contribution of dust to the monthly AOD does
not exceed 17 % in the Southern Hemisphere, although the uncertainty in
this region is larger. Among the major dust sources of the planet, the
maximum DODs (∼1.2) are recorded in the Bodélé Depression
of the northern Lake Chad Basin, whereas moderate-to-high intensities are
encountered in the Western Sahara (boreal summer), along the eastern parts
of the Middle East (boreal summer) and in the Taklamakan Desert (spring).
Over oceans, major long-range dust transport is observed primarily along the
tropical Atlantic (intensified during boreal summer) and secondarily in the
North Pacific (intensified during boreal spring). Our calculated global and
regional averages and associated uncertainties are consistent with some but
not all recent observation-based studies. Our work provides a simple
yet flexible method to estimate consistent uncertainties across
spatiotemporal scales, which will enhance the use of the MIDAS dataset in a
variety of future studies.
Meteorology impact on PM2.5 change over a receptor region in the regional transport of air pollutants: observational study of recent emission reductions in central China
Authors: Sun Xiaoyun , Zhao Tianliang , Bai Yongqing , Kong Shaofei , Zheng Huang , Hu Weiyang , Ma Xiaodan , Xiong Jie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. As an important issue in atmospheric environment, the
contributions of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions to
air pollution have been little assessed over receptor regions in regional
transport of air pollutants. In the present study of 5-year observations and
modeling, we targeted the Twain-Hu Basin (THB), a large region of heavy PM2.5 pollution in central China, to assess the
effects of meteorology on PM2.5 change over a receptor region in the regional transport of
air pollutants. Based on observations of environment and meteorology over
2015–2019, the Kolmogorov–Zurbenko (KZ) filter was performed to decompose
the PM2.5 variations into multiple timescale components over the THB,
where the short-term, seasonal and long-term components accounted for,
respectively, 47.5 %, 41.4 % and 3.7 % of daily PM2.5 changes.
The short-term and seasonal components dominated the day-to-day PM2.5
variations with long-term component determining the change trend of PM2.5 concentrations over recent years. As the emission- and
meteorology-related long-term PM2.5 components over the THB were
identified, the meteorological contribution to the declining PM2.5 trend
presented a distinct spatial pattern over the THB with northern positive
rates up to 61.92 % and southern negative rates down to −24.93 %. The
opposite effects of meteorology on PM2.5 pollution could accelerate and
offset the effects of emission reductions in the northern and southern THB,
which is attributed to the upwind diffusion and downward accumulation of air
pollutants over receptor regions in regional PM2.5 transport. It is
noteworthy that the increasing conversion efficiencies of SO2 and
NO2 to sulfate and nitrate for secondary PM2.5 could have offset the
effect of PM2.5 emission reduction on air pollution in the THB during
recent years, revealing the enhancing contribution of gaseous precursor
emissions to PM2.5 concentrations under control of anthropogenic
emissions of PM2.5 and the gaseous precursors over
receptor regions in the regional transport of air pollutants. Our results
highlight the effects of emission mitigation and meteorological changes on
the source–receptor relationship of the regional transport of air pollutants with the
implication of long-range transport of air pollutants for regional and
global environment changes.
Characteristics and beach safety knowledge of beachgoers on unpatrolled surf beaches in Australia
Authors: Uebelhoer Lea , Koon William , Harley Mitchell D. , Lawes Jasmin C. , Brander Robert W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The majority of drowning deaths on Australian beaches occur significant distances away from lifeguard services. This study uses results of 459 surveys of beachgoers at five beaches unpatrolled by lifeguards in New South Wales, Australia, to improve understanding of who visits these beaches and why, and to identify risk factors associated with their beach safety knowledge and behaviour. Many unpatrolled beach users were infrequent beachgoers (64.9 %) with poor rip current hazard identification skills, who did not observe safety signage that was present, and yet intended to enter the water to swim (85.6 %) despite being aware that no lifeguards were present. The survey found that the main reasons why beachgoers visited unpatrolled beaches were because they were conveniently close to their holiday accommodation, or they represented a quieter location away from crowds. Future beach safety interventions in Australia need to extend beyond the standard “swim between the flags” message in recognition that many Australian beaches will remain unpatrolled, yet still frequented, for the foreseeable future. Future beach safety interventions for unpatrolled beaches should be tailored towards the varied demographic groups of beach users.
Re/diss/assembling “Educational Imaginaries” through Regionalism – The Construction of the Caribbean Education Policy Space
Authors: Jules Tavis, d. , Arnold Richard , Donnelley-Power Caitlin , Jacobs Holly , Rainey Madeline 
Published: March 2022

This paper uses a Cultural Political Economy (CPE) approach to examine the rise of what we call "educational imaginaries" within the Caribbean Community’s (CARICOM) educational policy space by looking at how this has occurred through the four modes of selectivity – structural selectivity, agential selectivity, discursive selectivity, and technological selectivity.
The Romanian Sentiment of Being
Authors: Noica Constantin 
Published: March 2022

The link between language and thought formed a major new exploration of twentieth-century philosophy. Languages nuance our ideas and perceptions. Though from various angles, Heidegger, Derrida, Wittgenstein forged new ways of understanding the relationship between our views of the external world and our culturally and linguistically pre-determined modes of expression.
Another giant in this field of exploration is the Romanian philosopher Constantin Noica (1909–1987), who has so far remained generally unknown to the Western World because of the Iron Curtain. The Romanian Sentiment of Being (Sentimentul românesc al ființei), first published in Romanian in 1978, is a philosophical work at the intersection of metaphysics and philosophy of language. The title of this book may be deceptive. “Romanian” does not mean ethnically circumscribed; it does not limit ontology to nationality but rather reflects on how language can carry ontological thought.
The Romanian Sentiment of Being invites the readers to meditate on the fundamental theme of being and how it is expressed in a culture in time. This being in time marks the tension between moment and eternity, captured in the fairytale "Ageless Youth and Deathless Life" ("Tinerețe fără batrânețe și viață fără de moarte"), which Noica interprets in detail. The translation of the story will be found in the appendix. Noica also analyzes one of the most famous poems in Romanian, Mihai Eminescu’s "The Evening Star" ("Luceafărul"), and readers will find its translation in the appendix.
-
Méri István és középkori régészeti falukutatásunk születése
Authors: Fodor István 
Published: March 2022

Méri István szegény parasztcsaládból származott, nagy nehézségek árán végezte el a középiskolát, majd 1932-ben a Nemzeti Múzeumba került, ahol restaurátor lett, nyaranként őskori ásatásokon dolgozott. 1942-1944-ben Kolozsváron az Erdélyi Tudományos Intézet munkatársa lett, itt végezte első középkori ásatásait (Kidé, Kolozsvár-Fő tér). Egyetemi tanulmányait Budapesten és Kolozsváron végezte. 1945 után a Néptudományi Intézet, majd 1949-től a Nemzeti Múzeum munkatársa. 1948-49-ben Túrkeve-Móricon tár fel későközépkori falutelepülést, majd 1950-51-ben Tiszalök-Rázompusztán hazánkban elsőként tárja fe l egy> Árpád-kori falu jelentős részét. Ezzel az ásatással és dolgozataival ő teremti meg hazánkban az Árpád-kori falukutatás elméleti és gyakorlati alapjait. Az ötvenes években az ELTE-n oktatja a hallgatókat, megteremti a falukutató régészeti iskolát. Az Orosháza-kardoskúti ásatása (1955-57) feldolgozásában kijelöli falufeltárásaink helyét a nemzetközi kutatásban. Felismerései máig nem évültek el, falukutatóink élvonala az ő nyomdokain halad.
Régészeti kutatások a visegrádi Sibrik-dombon
Authors: Buzás Gergely , Boruzs Katalin , Merva Szabina , Tolnai Katalin 
Published: March 2022

Visegrád ókori és középkori műemlék-együttesének fontos részét képezik a Sibrik-dombon és az azt övező Várkert-völgyben feltárt római- és középkori lelőhelyek. A tanulmány a 2013–2015-ben végzett ásatások eredményeit ismerteti. Az új ásatások során derült fény arra, hogy az elhagyott római falak között már az államalapítás korát megelőzően, a 8. század végétől és a 9. században folyt élet, majd a késő Árpád-korig bizonyítható a központi hely használata.