bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
636. EVOLUTION OF THE INDICATION OF COLONIC INTERPOSITION FOR THE ESOPHAGUS - THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
Authors: Lai Wai Yin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although the stomach is the most common organ used for reconstruction after esophagectomy, some situations precluded its use. The colon is a common alternative. The outcomes of colonic interposition from previous literature were very variable. Our study aims at reviewing the evolution in the indications and outcomes of colonic interposition over the past 38 years.
This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent colonic interposition from November 1982 to October 2021 at our centre. Primary outcomes included 30- and 90-day mortality. Secondary outcomes include surgical complications including anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stricture and graft ischaemia.
The major indication of colonic interposition shifted from palliation of esophageal cancer to substitute conduit for curative esophagectomy in the study period. Its use was also extended to the treatment of caustic esophageal injuries in recent years.
In terms of surgical techniques, there were significantly higher rates of the retrosternal route of reconstruction and more use of the right colon in recent years.
In patients who underwent colonic interposition after curative esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, the 30- and 90-day mortality were 1.9% and 5.7% respectively. The occurrence of anastomotic leakage, stricture and graft ischaemia were 9.6%, 17.3% and 7.7% respectively.
Colonic interposition represents a viable option when the stomach cannot be used to replace the diseased esophagus. Despite its complexity, we demonstrated reasonable survival and comparable outcomes of the technique.
648. HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1α (HIF-1α) STIMULATES THE PROGRESSION OF ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA BY ACTIVATING THE WNT/β-CATENIN SIGNALLING PATHWAY
Authors: Toyozumi Takeshi , Tang Kang , Murakami Kentaro , Endo Satoshi , Matsumoto Yasunori , Otsuka Ryota , Kinoshita Kazuya , Sasaki Takuma , Iida Shinichiro , Morishita Hiroki , Hu Jie , Uesato Masaya , Urahama Ryuma , Kurata Yoshihiro , Nakano Akira , Matsubara Hisahiro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor -1α (HIF-1α) and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway has been reported to be involved in tumor progression in various types of cancers. However, the molecular mechanism by which HIF-1α regulate malignant features in esophageal squamous cell carcninoma (ESCC) are still poorly understood. This study aimed to clarify the significance of the crosstalk between HIF-1α and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ESCC.
The oncogenic role of HIF-1α in ESCC was investigated using in vitro and in vivo assays. The clinicopathological significance of HIF-1α, β-catenin and TCF4/TCF7L2 in ESCC were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Then we performed qRT-PCR, western blotting, Cell Counting-8 assay, trans-well assay, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, Co-IP and ChIP assays, chemo resistance test in vitro, tumor xenograft model in vivo.
The expression level of HIF-1α, β-catenin, and TCF4/TCF7L2 in ESCC cell lines were elevated under hypoxia in vitro. HIF-1α knockdown suppressed proliferation, igration/invasion and EMT progression, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis and inhibited 5-fluorouracil chemoresistance in vitro. In vivo assays showed that HIF-1α is essential in maintaining tumour growth and 5-fluorouracil chemoresistance. Mechanically, we identified the complex between HIF-1α and β-catenin, HIF-1α can directly bind to the promoter region of TCF4/TCF7L2. The mRNA level of HIF-1α, β-catenin and TCF4/TCF7L2 were increased in ESCC tumor tissues. High levels of HIF-1α and TCF4/TCF7L2 were correlated with poor prognosis in ESCC.
HIF-1α serves as an oncogenic transcriptional factor in ESCC, probably by directly targeting TCF4/TCF7L2 and activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our study clarifies the critical role of HIF-1α in ESCC progression.
650. ROBOTIC ESOPHAGEAL LEIOMYOMA ENUCLEATION
Authors: Jiwnani Sabita , Gopinath Srinivas Kodaganur , Niyogi Devayani , Tiwari Virendra , Karimundackal George , Pramesh CS 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leiomyomas are rare benign esophageal neoplasms. Surgery is indicated in symptomatic patients or if malignancy is suspected. A 20-year-old female presented with dysphagia to solids. Contrast enhanced computed tomography showed a 33-mm by 30-mm by 51 mm well circumscribed lobulated mass arising from the right anterolateral wall of the upper thoracic esophagus, causing luminal narrowing and abutting the azygos vein. An esophageal ultrasound performed for confirmation showed the lesion arising from the muscularis propria.
Patient was scheduled for a robotic leiomyoma excision. Patient was placed in left lateral position, lung isolation was obtained with a double lumen tube. Four standard ports were placed in the sixth intercostal space. Robotic instruments used were the monopolar scissors, Maryland bipolar forceps, fenestrated bipolar forceps for dissection and needle holder for suturing. The leiomyoma was identified, mediastinal pleura and muscle layer were incised longitudinally. The leiomyoma was dissected all around in the submuscular plane taking care not to injure the underlying mucosa. However, while delivering the deep lobulated portion, there was an inadvertent injury to the mucosa.
The mucosal tear was repaired with interrupted sutures utilising 4-0 Polydiaxanone sutures and the muscle layer was closed with V-Lock sutures. A check endoscopy was performed on table along with air insufflation with saline in the pleural cavity to check for an air leak. A nasogastric tube was placed, specimen was retrieved in a bag through the assistant port. Surgery was completed in 155 minutes with 50 ml blood loss. Post-operative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on full diet on the fourth post-operative day. Histopathology showed a SMA and desmin-positive spindle cell neoplasm without conspicuous mitotic activity.
Precise dissection in a confined space is possible due to wrist-like movements, three-dimensional view and magnification offered by the robot. Repair of the injured mucosa and myotomy closure to prevent future diverticulum formation is easily accomplished with robotic suturing. Intraoperative endoscopy is useful in evaluating the integrity of the mucosa and muscle repair. Hence a robotic approach may be superior to a thoracoscopic/open leiomyoma enucleation and can be utilised even in moderate size masses.
Transcatheter treatment of severe aortic stenosis in patients with complex coronary artery disease: case series and proposed therapeutic algorithm
Authors: Soriano Francesco , Montalto Claudio , Calderone Dario , Nava Stefano , Esposito Giuseppe , Saia Francesco , Oreglia Jacopo A , Søndergaard Lars 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and complex coronary artery disease with a clinical indication to both transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) pose a clinical dilemma since it is unclear which lesion should be treated first and careful planning is required.

Case summary
We report two cases of AS with complex PCI (ASCoP) features. In the first one, easy coronary cannulation with an Acurate Neo2 valve and commissural alignment was predicted; therefore, TAVI was performed first, and subsequently complex high-risk PCI of the left main was performed in the same procedure but without the burden of ongoing severe AS. In the second case, complex coronary cannulation after TAVI with an Evolut PRO valve was predicted; therefore, balloon aortic valvuloplasty and Impella placement were performed first to allow for complex, high-risk multivessel PCI and subsequent TAVI. In both cases, a single-stage approach was preferred to reduce the use of large-bore arterial access with possible consequent adverse events.

Discussion
In this case series, we illustrate a possible approach to the treatment of ASCoP patients. In such complex cases, a thorough preprocedural planning is mandatory, and clinical decision-making should be centred upon the predicted chance of cannulation of coronary arteries after TAVI.
Adding gene transcripts into genomic prediction improves accuracy and reveals sampling time dependence
Authors: Perez Bruno C , Bink Marco C A M , Svenson Karen L , Churchill Gary A , Calus Mario P L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent developments allowed generating multiple high-quality ‘omics’ data that could increase the predictive performance of genomic prediction for phenotypes and genetic merit in animals and plants. Here, we have assessed the performance of parametric and nonparametric models that leverage transcriptomics in genomic prediction for 13 complex traits recorded in 478 animals from an outbred mouse population. Parametric models were implemented using the best linear unbiased prediction, while nonparametric models were implemented using the gradient boosting machine algorithm. We also propose a new model named GTCBLUP that aims to remove between-omics-layer covariance from predictors, whereas its counterpart GTBLUP does not do that. While gradient boosting machine models captured more phenotypic variation, their predictive performance did not exceed the best linear unbiased prediction models for most traits. Models leveraging gene transcripts captured higher proportions of the phenotypic variance for almost all traits when these were measured closer to the moment of measuring gene transcripts in the liver. In most cases, the combination of layers was not able to outperform the best single-omics models to predict phenotypes. Using only gene transcripts, the gradient boosting machine model was able to outperform best linear unbiased prediction for most traits except body weight, but the same pattern was not observed when using both single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes and gene transcripts. Although the GTCBLUP model was not able to produce the most accurate phenotypic predictions, it showed the highest accuracies for breeding values for 9 out of 13 traits. We recommend using the GTBLUP model for prediction of phenotypes and using the GTCBLUP for prediction of breeding values.
M6A RNA Methylation-Based Epitranscriptomic Modifications in Plasticity-Related Genes via miR-124-C/EBPα-FTO-Transcriptional Axis in the Hippocampus of Learned Helplessness Rats
Authors: Roy Bhaskar , Ochi Shinichiro , Dwivedi Yogesh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Impaired synaptic plasticity has been linked to dynamic gene regulatory network changes. Recently, gene regulation has been introduced with the emerging concept of unique N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-based reversible transcript methylation. In this study, we tested whether m6A RNA methylation may potentially serve as a link between the stressful insults and altered expression of plasticity-related genes.

Methods
Expression of plasticity genes Nr3c1, Creb1, Ntrk2; m6A-modifying enzymes Fto, methyltransferase like (Mettl)-3 and 14; DNA methylation enzymes Dnmt1, Dnmt3a; transcription factor C/ebp-α; and miRNA-124-3p were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the hippocampus of rats that showed susceptibility to develop stress-induced depression (learned helplessness). M6A methylation of plasticity-related genes was determined following m6A mRNA immunoprecipitation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to examine the endogenous binding of C/EBP-α to the Fto promoter. MiR-124–mediated post-transcriptional inhibition of Fto via C/EBPα was determined using an in vitro model.

Results
Hippocampus of learned helplessness rats showed downregulation of Nr3c1, Creb1, and Ntrk2 along with enrichment in their m6A methylation. A downregulation in demethylating enzyme Fto and upregulation in methylating enzyme Mettl3 were also noted. The Fto promoter was hypomethylated due to the lower expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a. At the same time, there was a lower occupancy of transcription factor C/EBPα on the Fto promoter. Conversely, C/ebp-α transcript was downregulated via induced miR-124-3p expression.

Conclusions
Our study mechanistically linked defective C/EBP-α-FTO-axis, epigenetically influenced by induced expression of miR-124-3p, in modifying m6A enrichment in plasticity-related genes. This could potentially be linked with abnormal neuronal plasticity in depression.
Celebrity Refugees and Foreign Policy: The Politics of Fame in International Protection
Authors: Micinski Nicholas R , Lindey Caroline 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Celebrity refugees are a foreign policy tool whereby states grant international protection to famous artists, scientists, or politicians in exchange for some sort of strategic value in international relations. Celebrity refugees bring different types of strategic value—intellectual or ideological capital—and serve the role in propaganda to affirm domestic legitimacy, gain strategic advantage, and embarrass enemy regimes. This article develops an analytical framework for understanding why states offer international protection to celebrities. We apply our theory to four historical cases—Enrico Fermi, Robert F. Williams, Maxim Shostakovich, and Julian Assange—to understand the impact of their strategic value for both the host state and celebrity refugees. The utility of celebrity refugees for states is a global strategy that is not constrained to the Cold War period, as one might initially expect. Ultimately, both powerful and smaller states can protect celebrity refugees to bolster their domestic legitimacy, gain scientific or military advantage, and embarrass their rivals.
Piloting a Proficiency Testing Program for Laboratory Sampling of Animal Feed Materials
Authors: Thiex Nancy J , Ramsey Charles A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLaboratory sampling is a significant source of error in feed testing. Proficiency testing programs such as the Association of American Feed Control Officials Proficiency Testing Program are an effective means of assessing error in and among analytical methods. However, all proficiency test items are comminuted and blended to control variability among items, effectively minimizing sampling error. Currently there is no mechanism for monitoring sampling error among laboratories.ObjectiveThe objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of a proficiency testing program for laboratory sampling methods and provide insight into a program to advance the performance of sampling in laboratories.MethodsThe study involved the fabrication of identical feed test items from feed ingredients and shipping the uncomminuted materials to volunteer laboratories. The volunteer laboratories followed in-house procedures for selecting test portions for routine feed tests. Tests on all the test portions for a single analyte were performed by a single laboratory, so that the variability in test results could be attributed to laboratory sampling processes to select test portions.ResultsThe average RSD, %, for Item A and Item B, respectively, were as follows: protein, 5.08 and 5.23; non-protein nitrogen, 8.90 and 16.6; crude fat, 3.45 and 5.67; vitamin A, 33.9 and 26.9; calcium, 21.9 and 23.6; zinc, 17.9 and 27.9; and copper, 17.4 and 27.9.ConclusionThis study suggests that a proficiency testing program for laboratory sampling is feasible with manual manufacture of the test items, and data can be used to monitor laboratory sampling proficiency and also to compare the performance of different laboratory sampling methods.HighlightsThe data illustrates that each analyte has unique distributional and compositional heterogeneity, thus unique sampling error, even when multiple analytes are determined from a single test portion.
Value choices in European COVID-19 vaccination schedules: how vaccination prioritization differs from other forms of priority setting
Authors: Wiśniowska Karolina , Żuradzki Tomasz , Ciszewski Wojciech 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the limited initial availability of COVID-19 vaccines in the first months of 2021, decision-makers had to determine the order in which different groups were prioritized. Our aim was to find out what normative approaches to the allocation of scarce preventive resources were embedded in the national COVID-19 vaccination schedules. We systematically reviewed and compared prioritization regulations in 27 members of the European Union, the United Kingdom, and Israel. We differentiated between two types of priority categories: groups that have increased infection fatality rate (IFR) compared to the average for the general population and groups chosen because their members experience increased risk of being infected (ROI). Our findings show a clear trend: all researched schedules prioritized criteria referring to IFR (being over 65 years old and coexisting health conditions) over the ROI criteria (eg occupation and housing conditions). This is surprising since, in the context of treatment, it is common and justifiable to adopt different allocation principles (eg introducing a saving more life-year approach or prioritizing younger patients). We discuss how utilitarian, prioritarian, and egalitarian principles can be applied to interpret normative differences between the allocation of curative and preventive interventions.
Effect of mood and worker incentives on workplace productivity
Authors: Coviello Decio , Deserranno Erika , Persico Nicola , Sapienza Paola 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study the causal effect of mood on the productivity of call-center workers. Mood is measured through an online “mood questionnaire” which the workers are encouraged to fill out daily. We find that better mood actually decreases worker productivity for workers whose compensation is largely fixed. The negative effect of mood is attenuated for workers whose compensation is based on performance (high-powered incentives). This finding holds both at a correlational level and in two IV settings, where mood is instrumented for by weather or, alternatively, by whether the local professional sports team played/won the day before. We rule out a number of threats to the exclusion restrictions, and discuss the mechanisms that could generate our findings (JEL J24, J28, M52, C26).
Abdominal wall intramuscular desmoid fibromatosis: a case report
Authors: Choe Erica , Kata Anna , Mahadevan Lakshmi Shree Kulumani , Bhanot Parag 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Desmoid tumors are rare benign myofibroblastic neoplasms that do not have metastatic potential. In this study, we report a case of a desmoid tumor in the left rectus abdominis muscle of a female patient. Computed tomography, abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were obtained preoperatively. We performed a complete resection with negative margins. Microscopic evaluation revealed a desmoid tumor. To definitively diagnose abdominal wall masses, imaging modalities must be used in conjunction with clinical history and histologic findings. For these masses, surgical resection is the preferred line of treatment.
Uniform Laws and Projects
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on uniform laws and projects. English law was the common language of international trade for a long time. Legal development led to the creation of international instruments establishing the framework for international trade. The three international instruments are international conventions, uniform projects, and sets of rules on uniform trade practice. Additionally, the instruments address aspects of sales transactions beyond the relationship of buyer and seller in the fields of transportation and payment. The limitation of international sales law was covered at the 1974 United Nations Convention. The chapter also mentions how all uniform projects contain rules on the most important issues of validity.
General Remarks on the Ambit of Sales Law
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the ambit of sales law. It clarifies how sales law is expected to protect different interests between the merchants and consumers. Many civil law jurisdictions operate on the dual system which meant there are numerous laws layers to apply to a sales transaction. One of the examples is commercial codes which impose a duty to give notice of any defects if both seller and buyer are merchants. A sales contract is subject to the rules of respective commercial codes determines by the parties involved. The chapter also tackles the matter of modern consumer protection laws.
General Remarks on Contract Formation
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter cites the causes and considerations in the process of contract formation. Traditionally, sales law is treated as a specialized subset of contract law. The elements of cause and consideration originated from the French legal tradition. All legal systems employing the concept of cause have traditionally distinguished the classes of cause: Impulsive cause, efficient cause, and final cause. On the other hand, consideration can be described as something of value exchanged for the promise of another. The doctrine of consideration, moreover, is one of the classic differences between common law and civil law.
Offer and Acceptance
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks into offer and acceptance. Almost all legal systems act on the assumption that a contract is based on offer and acceptance. The essentialia negotii in a sales contract should be principally understood as the goods, their quantity, and the price. Additionally, an offer of a contract should be created with legally enforceable obligations. Acceptance is effectuated by express declaration, thus silence or inactivity are invalid responses. The chapter also includes the significance of a letter of intent or memorandum of understanding in modern trade. It mentions the possible issues with language during international business transactions.
Illegality and Immorality
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on illegality and immorality. Every legal system claims the right to void a contract if it is legally or morally offensive while it principally protects societal and political interests. In terms of the sale of goods, civil law and religious legal systems tend to expressly deal with immorality, whereas common law systems remain vague over it. The chapter clarifies that illegal transactions are often treated differently from immoral transactions, but legislation can often blur the line. However, not every instance of illegality or immorality will render a contract incapable of performance. Many civil law systems can give restitution where a contract is found to be invalid.
Industrial and Intellectual Property Rights
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on industrial and intellectual property rights. Intellectual property rights do not affect the principal legal position of the buyer, as a title can be acquired without any problems, and the goods in principle can be resold and the title retransferred to other parties. Industrial and intellectual property rights can impact the seller-buyer relationship, however, it has not sparked a wave of legal reform. The chapter also tackles the issue of non-conformity and CISG in terms of industrial and intellectual property rights. Moreover, the awareness of the buyer of the intellectual or industrial property right excludes the seller from liability.