bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare resource use of patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lauppe Rosa , Liseth Hansen Johan , Fornwall Anna , Johansson Katarina , Rozenbaum Mark H. , Strand Anne Mette , Vakevainen Merja , Kuusisto Johanna , Gude Einar , Smith J. Gustav , Gustafsson Finn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTransthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) is the cardiac manifestation of transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). The aim of this study was to estimate healthcare resource use for ATTR‐CM patients compared with heart failure (HF) patients, in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.Methods and resultsData from nationwide healthcare registers in the four countries were used. ATTR‐CM patients were defined as individuals diagnosed with amyloidosis and cardiomyopathy or HF between 2008 and 2018. Patients in the ATTR‐CM cohort were matched to patients with HF but without ATTR‐CM diagnosis. Resource use included number of visits to specialty outpatient and inpatient hospital care. A total of 1831 ATTR‐CM and 1831 HF patients were included in the analysis. The mean number of hospital‐based healthcare contacts increased in both the ATTR‐CM and HF cohort during 3 years pre‐diagnosis and was consistently higher for the ATTR‐CM cohort compared with the HF cohort, with 6.1 [CI: 5.9–6.3] vs. 3.2 [CI: 3.1–3.3] outpatient visits and 1.03 [CI: 0.96–1.1] vs. 0.7 [CI: 0.7–0.8] hospitalizations. In the first year following diagnosis, patients with ATTR‐CM continued to visit outpatient care (10.2 [CI: 10.1, 10.4] vs. 5.7 [CI: 5.6, 5.9]) and were admitted to hospital more frequently (3.3 [CI: 3.2, 3.4] vs. 2.5 [CI: 2.5, 2.6]) than HF patients.ConclusionsTransthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy imposes a high burden on healthcare systems with twice as many outpatient specialist visits and 50% more hospitalizations in the year after diagnosis compared with HF patients without ATTR‐CM. Studies to investigate if earlier diagnosis and treatment of ATTR‐CM may lower resource use are warranted.
Comparing and contrasting risk factors for heart failure in patients with and without history of myocardial infarction: data from HOMAGE and the UK Biobank
Authors: Rastogi Tripti , Ho Frederick K. , Rossignol Patrick , Merkling Thomas , Butler Javed , Clark Andrew , Collier Timothy , Delles Christian , Jukema J Wouter , Heymans Stephane , Latini Roberto , Mebazaa Alexandre , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Sever Peter , Staessen Jan A. , Thijs Lutgarde , Cleland John G. , Sattar Naveed , Zannad Faiez , Girerd Nicolas 
Published: April 2022

AimsMyocardial infarction (MI) is among the commonest attributable risk factors for heart failure (HF). We compared clinical characteristics associated with the progression to HF in patients with or without a history of MI in the HOMAGE cohort and validated our results in UK Biobank.Methods and resultsDuring a follow‐up of 5.2 (3.5–5.9) years, 177 (2.4%) patients with prior MI and 370 (1.92%) patients without prior MI experienced HF onset in the HOMAGE cohort (n = 26 478, history of MI: n = 7241). Older age, male sex and higher heart rate were significant risk factors of HF onset in patients with and without prior MI. Lower renal function was more strongly associated with HF onset in patients with prior MI. Higher body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure and blood glucose were significantly associated with HF onset only in patients without prior MI (all p for interactions <0.05). In the UK Biobank (n = 500 001, history of MI: n = 4555), higher BMI, glycated haemoglobin, diabetes and hypertension had a stronger association with HF onset in participants without prior MI compared to participants with MI (all p for interactions <0.05).ConclusionThe importance of clinical risk factors associated with HF onset is dependent on whether the patient has had a prior MI. Diabetes and hypertension are associated with new‐onset HF only in the absence of MI history. Patients may benefit from targeted risk management based on MI history.
Involvement of Non‐Starch Lipids from Endogenous Wheat in the Development of Bread Dough Rancidity During Frozen Storage
Authors: Zhao Wenxiu , Xu Xueming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe involvement of free and bound lipids on the development of rancidity in wheat–bread dough is studied following frozen storage for 24 months. Lipid oxidation and oxidative stability are determined by assaying peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, which indicate that lipid oxidation starts after three months. High performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography are used to characterize changes in lipid profile and fatty acid composition, respectively. The bound lipid fraction is mainly composed of polar glycolipids and phospholipids, and their content decreases with storage time because the unsaturated fatty acids in the bound lipid fraction are oxidized. It appears that endogenous wheat lipids, especially the polar lipids with amphiphilic structures and surface activity are most exposed to oxygen because they accumulate at the interface around, and stabilize, the gas cells in the foam structure of the bread.Practical Applications: This study has demonstrated that polar lipids, such as galactolipids, are the most susceptible to oxidation, apparently because they are enriched at the gas bubble interface, where they improve gas bubble stability, but they are also in close contact with oxygen in the gas bubbles. An important practical finding from this study is that lipid oxidation was negligible in the first 3 months of frozen storage (−10 °C) and only became extensive after 6 months. This is important information for the baking industry.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stability of Cupcake Oil: Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Dracocephalum kotschyi Essential Oil versus TBHQ
Authors: Hematian Sourki Abdollah , Pasalar Hanieh , Ghani Askar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGiven the phytochemical properties of Dracocephalum kotschyi, this research considers the effects of adding its essential oil to cupcakes and investigation of the its oil oxidative stability. At first D. kotschyi’s essential oil (DKEO) is identified and measured by GC/MS. The results show that the most important components of DKEO are α‐pinene (25.50%), geranial (14.01%), limonene (12.39%), and neral (11.07%). Chemical analyses on pH, acidity, peroxide value, p‐Anisidine value, and total oxidation value (TOTOX) show that increasing the concentration of DKEO reduces the oxidation rate and increases the oxidative stability of the cupcake's oil during storage. Sensory evaluation shows that DKEO used concentration does not have favorable effects on some organoleptic properties of cupcakes. Despite the positive effects of DKEO on maintaining the oxidative stability of cupcake's oil during baking and storage, lower concentrations of it are recommended, along with combinatory usages of this essential oil with other commonly used essential oils in the confectionery industry (such as cinnamon, ginger, and cardamom essential oils), whereby consumers can be gradually accustomed to new flavors.Practical applications: The present study introduces the Dracocephalum kotschyi as a rich source of antioxidants. In the present study, valuable data are presented to compare the application of natural antioxidants of D. kotschyi versus a synthetic antioxidant like tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in a popular product. In addition, D. kotschyi is introduced as a natural antioxidant potential to the oil industry and oil‐dependent food industries, which can not only reduce the nutritional risks of synthetic antioxidants, but also increase the marketability of oil‐rich food products.
Measurements and modeling of CO2 adsorption behaviors on granular zeolite 13X: Impact of temperature and time of calcination on granules properties in granulation process using organic binders
Authors: Aghaei Mahsa , Anbia Mansoor , Salehi Samira 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCO2 adsorption on granulated zeolite 13X by organic binders were studied by volumetric measurements. The goal of research was finding the optimum thermal conditions after shaping by organic binders to enhance the mechanical strength and adsorption capacity of granules. Previously published literature investigated the usage of traditional inorganic binders and the effect of organic binders has never been surveyed. Polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol were added to zeolite powder as organic binders and the effect of calcination temperature and calcination time on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of granules were studied. The textural/structural and morphological features of synthesized adsorbents were characterized by N2 isotherm, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential thermal analysis (DTA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results showed that using high temperatures and longer periods for the calcination had a favorable effect on their mechanical properties but their effects on the physical properties were negative. Thermodynamic investigations were employed to understand the adsorption behavior. Equilibrium adsorption demonstrated that Langmuir model was the most suitable model for description CO2 adsorption and the maximum adsorption capacity was 4.02 (mmol/g). The thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The value of isosteric heat of adsorption was analyzed based on Clausius–Clapeyron equation.
Brain glycogen content is increased in the acute and interictal chronic stages of the mouse pilocarpine model of epilepsy
Authors: Seo Gi Young , Neal Elliott S. , Han Felicity , Vidovic Diana , Nooru‐Mohamed Fathima , Dienel Gerald A. , Sullivan Mitchell A. , Borges Karin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlucose is the main brain fuel in fed conditions, while astrocytic glycogen is used as supplemental fuel when the brain is stimulated. Brain glycogen levels are decreased shortly after induced seizures in rodents, but little is known about how glycogen levels are affected interictally in chronic models of epilepsy. Reduced glutamine synthetase activity has been suggested to lead to increased brain glycogen levels in humans with chronic epilepsy. Here, we used the mouse pilocarpine model of epilepsy to investigate whether brain glycogen levels are altered, both acutely and in the chronic stage of the model. One day after pilocarpine‐induced convulsive status epilepticus (CSE), glycogen levels were higher in the hippocampal formation, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum. Opposite to expected, this was accompanied by elevated glutamine synthetase activity in the hippocampus but not the cortex. Increased interictal glycogen amounts were seen in the hippocampal formation and cerebral cortex in the chronic stage of the model (21 days post‐CSE), suggesting long‐lasting alterations in glycogen metabolism. Glycogen solubility in the cerebral cortex was unaltered in this epilepsy mouse model. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (Gsk3b) mRNA levels were reduced in the hippocampal formations of mice in the chronic stage, which may underlie the elevated brain glycogen content in this model. This is the first report of elevated interictal glycogen levels in a chronic epilepsy model. Increased glycogen amounts in the brain may influence seizure susceptibility in this model, and this warrants further investigation.
Blood pressure and heart rate responses to orthostatic challenge and Valsalva manoeuvre in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies
Authors: Hamilton Calum A. , Frith James , Donaghy Paul C. , Barker Sally A. H. , Durcan Rory , Lawley Sarah , Barnett Nicola , Firbank Michael , Roberts Gemma , Taylor John‐Paul , Allan Louise M. , O’Brien John , Yarnall Alison J. , Thomas Alan J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesOrthostatic hypotension is a common feature of normal ageing, and age‐related neurodegenerative diseases, in particular the synucleinopathies including dementia with Lewy bodies. Orthostatic hypotension and other abnormal cardiovascular responses may be early markers of Lewy body disease. We aimed to assess whether abnormal blood pressure and heart rate responses to orthostatic challenge and Valsalva manoeuvre would be more common in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI‐LB) than MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI‐AD).MethodsMCI patients (n = 89) underwent longitudinal clinical assessment with differential classification of probable MCI‐LB, possible MCI‐LB, or MCI‐AD, with objective autonomic function testing at baseline. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to active stand and Valsalva manoeuvre were calculated from beat‐to‐beat cardiovascular data, with abnormalities defined by current criteria, and age‐adjusted group differences estimated with logistic models.ResultsOrthostatic hypotension and abnormal heart rate response to orthostatic challenge were not more common in probable MCI‐LB than MCI‐AD. Heart rate abnormalities were likewise not more common in response to Valsalva manoeuvre in probable MCI‐LB. An abnormal blood pressure response to Valsalva (delayed return to baseline/absence of overshoot after release of strain) was more common in probable MCI‐LB than MCI‐AD. In secondary analyses, magnitude of blood pressure drop after active stand and 10‐s after release of Valsalva strain were weakly correlated with cardiac sympathetic denervation.ConclusionsProbable MCI‐LB may feature abnormal blood pressure response to Valsalva, but orthostatic hypotension is not a clear distinguishing feature from MCI‐AD.
Leveraging COVID‐19 pandemic response for improved health system financing: Lessons from Ghana
Authors: Novignon Jacob , Tabiri Kwasi Gyabaa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed health system funding challenges across many developing countries. The needed infrastructure to effectively respond to the pandemic was absent in many developing countries. This has resulted in policymakers resorting to various strategies to mobilise sufficient resources in response to the pandemic, especially in the early stages. This paper reviewed Ghana's efforts to mobilise domestic and external resources for the health sector in response to the pandemic. The paper also assessed lessons from these strategies and highlights how these lessons could be leveraged to sustain financing for the health sector. Using evidence from desk reviews, we demonstrate the existence of fiscal space through external sources, partnership with non‐state actors, and effective public financial management (budget space). We also show that the COVID‐19 pandemic presents an important momentum to drive future investment in health infrastructure across developing countries.
Determinants of Turkish households' out‐of‐pocket expenditures on three categories of health care services: A multivariate probit approach
Authors: Demir Ayşenur , Alkan Ömer , Bilgiç Abdulbaki , Florkowski Wojciech J. , Karaaslan Abdulkerim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study identifies the driving forces that contribute to the probabilities of incidence of out‐of‐pocket (OOP) expenditures by households in Turkey. Factors affecting the probability of OOP expenditures on medical products/devices/supplies (MP), outpatient services (OTS), and inpatient services (ITS) are examined using the Household Budget Survey data gathered by the Turkish Statistical Institute in 2018. The study applies the multivariate probit model. The incidence of OOP spending varied with 48.9% of the households reporting OOP expenditure on MP, 22.4% on OTS, and 25.4% on ITS. The largest probability changes were associated with household disposable annual income, household type and size, age category, and having private health insurance. Gender and marital status also influenced expenditures in some categories. Lifestyle choices had small and mixed effects, with smoking and alcohol consumption lowering the probability of OOP spending. From a policy standpoint, households with the lowest incomes, large households, and those where the household head was ‘others’ (retiree, student, housewife, not actively working, etc.) or had a condition preventing employment seemed to report OOP expenditures less frequently and may have chosen not to receive healthcare services, leading to the need for more healthcare services later.
Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model for nanofluid flow over a curved stretching sheet: An application of Stefan blowing
Authors: Naveen Kumar Rangaswamy , Suresh Goud J. , Srilatha Pudhari , Manjunatha Pattasale T. , Rani S. Prasanna , Kumar Raman , Suresha S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present work investigates the thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects in nanofluid flow over a curved stretching sheet (CSS). Also, the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and Stefan blowing (SB) conditions are considered for studying heat and mass transport characteristics. The present work's novelty is associated with considerations of convective boundary and SB conditions in nanomaterial flow over a CSS. The coupled partial differential equations are changed to ordinary differential equations by employing suitable similarity variables, and the resultant model is numerically handled using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg's fourth fifth‐order method with the shooting scheme. The stimulation of the involved parameters/numbers on the flow, mass, and heat fields is broadly deliberated using suitable graphs. The present analysis's significant relevant outcomes are that the inclination in thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters increases the heat transfer. The inclined values of the Brownian motion parameter decay the mass transfer. Furthermore, the increased values of both Schmidt number and SB parameter drop the mass transport. The increased values of the Brownian motion parameter and Schmidt number decays the rate of mass transference.
Accuracy of cytological examination of Tao brush endometrial sampling in diagnosing endometrial premalignancy and malignancy
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Raimondo Diego , Raspollini Arianna , Oliviero Alessia , Travaglino Antonio , Santoro Angela , Renzulli Federica , Lopez Giovanni , Maio Carlo Michele Di , Casadio Paolo , Zannoni Gian Franco , Seracchioli Renato , Mollo Antonio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough Tao brush has become one of the most studied and used endometrial cytological samplers, concerns remain about the adequacy of the cytological sample compared with definitive histology. We aimed to assess accuracy of cytological examination from Tao brush sampling in diagnosing endometrial premalignancy and malignancy through a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Seven electronic databases were searched from January 2000 to July 2021 for all studies which allowed assessment of accuracy of Tao brush in diagnosing endometrial premalignancy and malignancy. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and area under the curve (AUC) on summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. Five studies with 774 patients were included. In diagnosing endometrial premalignancy and malignancy, cytological examination from Tao brush endometrial sampling showed pooled sensitivity of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90–0.98), specificity of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90–0.94), LR+ of 12.73 (95% CI, 3.94–41.18), LR− of 0.09 (95% CI, 0.05–0.18), DOR of 184.84 (95% CI, 24.37–1401.79), AUC of 0.9757 (standard error: 0.013). In conclusion, cytological examination from Tao brush seems to have a high diagnostic accuracy and might be proposed as both screening and diagnostic tool. However, further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Characterization and analysis of extended‐wear silicone hydrogel contact lenses utilizing novel silicone macromers
Authors: Wuchte Liana , DiPasquale Stephen , Masterson Ashlyn , Vance Abigail , Goff Jonathan , Arkles Barry , Sulaiman Santy , Byrne Mark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContact lenses are one of the most successful biomaterials in history with a global market estimated to be worth over $17 billion in 2025. Silicone hydrogel contact lenses dominate the market and are complex biphasic biomaterials with several critical material properties needed for clinical use. Careful consideration of composition and chemistry is needed to identify formulations of lenses meeting all commercial standards with the potential for improved manufacturability, cost, and/or next generation use. Four silicone macromers were investigated in this work with varying symmetry of siloxane units and macromer structure, number of siloxane groups, branching, length, and concentration. Novel silicone hydrogel lenses were produced and evaluated for optical transmittance, elastic modulus, oxygen transmissibility, water content, and surface wettability. Several lenses met commercial standards and demonstrated an increase in oxygen permeability (Dk) and inverse relationship with elastic modulus and siloxane concentration, respectively. A hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio below 1.4 was needed for a co‐continuous water phase. Substitution of methoxypropyl groups for butyl groups increased hydrophobic microdomains leading to decreased optical quality and mechanical properties. Generally, fluorine‐containing silicone macromers allowed for a wider range of successful compositions, and above a certain hydrophilic composition, the presence of trifluoropropyl groups resulted in improved solubility and optically clear lenses. Data also showed asymmetric siloxane macromers have potential to meet critical lens properties at lower overall siloxane content. New lens materials with wider composition ranges meeting all clinical lens properties is a significant challenge and may significantly expand the field.
Study on the difference of osteogenesis and Notch signaling pathway expression in biphasic calcium‐phosphorus ceramic granule materials with different microstructure
Authors: Zhang Dong , Guo Xiaoshuang , Zong Xianlei , Du Hong , Zhao Jingyi , Du Le , Cao Chunyan , Jin Xiaolei , Song Guodong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDifferent microstructures including micropore diameter, micropore volume, and micropore area of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP, hydroxyapatite: β‐tricalcium phosphate = 8:2) ceramics granules were obtained by varying their sintering temperatures. Sprague–Dawley rat bone marrow‐derived stem cells (BMSCs) were co‐cultured with BCPs in vitro study and the BMSCs showed different degrees of proliferative activity under the influence of three materials. Cell proliferation and vitality were assessed. Three kinds of BCPs were implanted in the dorsal muscle of beagle dogs. At 1, 2, and 3 months, histological analyses were conducted to estimate the rate of osteogenesis. Expression of Notch pathway genes and osteogenic‐related genes were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (q‐rtPCR). The proportion of osteogenesis area increased to:48.75 ± 4.20%, 29.48 ± 1.55%, and 26.58 ± 3.86% at 3 months after the implantation (1050, 1150, 1250). Significant differences were observed in the upregulation of Notch pathway genes among different BCPs. BCPs with different micropore diameters have different ectopic osteogenesis effects and led to up‐regulation of the Notch signaling pathway genes to different extents.