bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Social Activity of Polish Migrants in the Republic of Ireland from the Perspective of Their Religiosity
Authors: Sadlon Wojciech 
Published: September 2022

Background This article is focused on social activity of Polish migrants in the Republic of Ireland in the context of change in their religiosity after coming to Ireland. Purpose This research applies statistical methods to the study of the impact of change in religiosity going beyond answering the question of whether migration is a disruptive event that either alienates immigrants from religious practices or, instead, ‘theologizes’ them. Methods It statistically verifies the correlation between social activity and change in religiosity and linear regression models of Polish migrants in Ireland and presents the results of a survey on Polish migrants in Ireland based on Respondent-Driven Sampling conducted in 2018 and 2019 (n = 520). Results The results highlight that the process of change in religiosity has two different patterns. The first one concerns both migrants who declare ‘no degree of religious change’ in themselves and these who affirm ‘a decline’ in their religious attitudes. The second mode of religious change concerns a minority of Polish migrants who declare themselves to have experienced a religious revival in Ireland. This group who feel themselves to have undergone a religious revival is socially active and participates in local activities in Ireland. The linear regression analysis demonstrates that a statistically significant relationship exists between social activity and especially prayer when controlling for demographic characteristics. Conclusions and Implications Migration not only deconstructs religiosity but, for the group of Polish migrants studied, it was accompanied by religious renewal and social activism. Statistical methods should take into account the fact that religiosity is not a deterministic characteristic of individuals but rather as pertaining to the individual's independent properties and capable of exerting autonomous influences’.
Updates in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Anwar Javeria , Kong Wing Tai , Balakrishnan Bathmapriya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated disease triggered by a known or unknown antigen. While reversible in the early stages of disease, progression toward irreversible pulmonary fibrosis may occur. This narrative review summarizes recent publications highlighting a methodical approach toward the diagnosis, classification, and management of fibrotic and nonfibrotic HP.

Recent Findings
Establishing the diagnosis of HP is often challenging given its variable clinical course, extensive inciting agents, and overlapping features with other interstitial lung diseases. Recently, HP has been re-classified into nonfibrotic and fibrotic subtypes based on radiographic and histopathological features. Chronic fibrotic HP is associated with significant functional impairment and increased mortality. In addition to antigen avoidance, immunosuppression is the cornerstone of management in nonfibrotic HP. Antifibrotic agents have emerged as a therapeutic option in halting the progression of chronic fibrotic HP.

Summary
The combination of clinical, radiographical, and histopathological data will assist in increasing the diagnostic certainty of HP. The new dichotomization of HP is thought to provide better prognostication for patients. This review provides clinicians with a current and evidence-based approach toward the management of patients with HP.
Exploring the Perceived Relevance of University Mathematics Studies by First-Semester Teaching Students
Authors: Büdenbender-Kuklinski Christiane , Hochmuth Reinhard , Liebendörfer Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs earlier research results suggest that many mathematics teaching students criticize a missing relevance in their studies, we explore explanations and interrelationships of their relevance assessments. We aim at finding out how one could support the students in attributing relevance to their study programs. A two-fold model for relevance assessments in mathematics teacher education is proposed, consisting of relevance content and relevance reasons. We investigate students' relevance perceptions of mathematical topics and of topics’ complexities, as well as their rating of individual and societal/ vocational relevance reasons, all in relation to their perception of the relevance of their overall program of study. Contrary to earlier research findings, our results suggest that mathematics teaching students already do attribute relevance to many content areas and that a preparation for the teaching profession is not the only reason for them to assign relevance. There also seem to be many students who would attribute relevance if they could develop as individuals and pursue their interests. We suggest that giving students opportunities to set individual priorities in their studies could hence support their relevance assessments. As low relevance assessments seem to be connected to students’ motivational problems, students might profit from motivational support, as well.
Alternative Performance Measures: A Structured Literature Review of Research in Academic and Professional Journals
Authors: Herr Sascha B. , Lorson Peter , Pilhofer Jochen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor more than two decades, the reporting of so-called ‘alternative performance measures’ (APMs) has been a common phenomenon in external financial reporting. APMs are voluntarily disclosed and generally unaudited performance measures. Typically, APMs modify earnings measures calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) by (subjectively) adjusting certain earnings components. In the academic literature, with the information motive on the one hand and the motive of (adversarial) investor influence on the other hand, two alternative explanations for the voluntary reporting of alternative performance measures are discussed, which are difficult, if not impossible, for external stakeholders to disentangle. Taking into account the recent developments in more than 250 published articles in the last decade, this paper critically reviews a wide range of literature from the United States (U.S.), Europe and, to a less extent, Australia/Asia. In particular, we analyse a comprehensive sample of more than 400 research papers published in academic and professional journals as well as other publications which are important in the academic discourse. The purpose of this paper is to identify relevant research gaps that provide starting points for future research. For this purpose, our methodological approach strictly follows structured literature review (SLR) methodology in order to minimise researcher idiosyncrasies. Thus, our SLR facilitates a decided derivation of research gaps based on a reliable and valid analytical framework which has been deductively derived from previous research.
Die chronische Pankreatitis
Authors: Steiner Emanuel , Maieron Andreas 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungBei der chronischen Pankreatitis handelt es sich um eine entzündliche, fibrosierende Erkrankung mit progredientem Verlust der exokrinen und endokrinen Funktion.Im Verlauf ist sie zusätzlich durch Alterationen des Gangsystems, im Sinn von Kalzifizierungen und Stenosen, sowie durch das Auftreten von Pseudozysten und Pankreasgangsteinen charakterisiert.Die exokrine und endokrine Insuffizienz zusammen mit einem komplexen Schmerzsyndrom führen dabei zu einer massiven Einschränkung der Lebensqualität. Schmerzexazerbationen sind hierbei meist auf akute Entzündungsschübe, eine Obstruktion des Pankreasgangs (bzw. Gallengangs) und lokale Komplikationen, wie Pseudozysten, zurückzuführen.Ziel ist eine frühe Diagnose und Reduktion der Risikofaktoren (Alkohol und Nikotin), um einen Progress der Erkrankung anzuhalten. Weiterhin ist eine adäquate Schmerztherapie (WHO-Stufenschema) und eine Substitution der exokrinen und endokrinen Insuffizienz mit Optimierung der Nährstoffversorgung zum Erhalt der Lebensqualität und Prävention einer katabolen Stoffwechsellage notwendig.Bei fehlender Schmerzkontrolle, genauso wie bei Verdacht auf Komplikationen der chronischen Pankreatitis, sollte die Zuweisung in ein Zentrum für Pankreaserkrankung erfolgen. Hier besteht die Möglichkeit, im multidisziplinären Setting eine etwaige Therapieeskalation (medikamentös/endoskopisch/chirurgisch) zu evaluieren und umzusetzen.
Bayesian finite-population inference with spatially correlated measurements
Authors: Chan-Golston Alec , Banerjee Sudipto , Belin Thomas R. , Roth Sarah E. , Prelip Michael L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCommunity-based public health interventions often rely on representative, spatially referenced outcome data to draw conclusions about a finite population. To estimate finite-population parameters, we are posed with two challenges: to correctly account for spatial association among the sampled and nonsampled participants and to correctly model missingness in key covariates, which may be also spatially associated. To accomplish this, we take inspiration from the preferential sampling literature and develop a general Bayesian framework that can specifically account for preferential non-response. This framework is first applied to three missing data scenarios in a simulation study. It is then used to account for missing data patterns seen in reported annual household income in a corner-store intervention project. Through this, we are able to construct finite-population estimates of the percent of income spent on fruits and vegetables. Such a framework provides a flexible way to account for spatial association and complex missing data structures in finite populations.
Microbial degradation of polyethylene terephthalate: a systematic review
Authors: Benavides Fernández Cesar David , Guzmán Castillo Michelly Paola , Quijano Pérez Silvia Andrea , Carvajal Rodríguez Lida Vivian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlastic pollution levels have increased rapidly in recent years, due to the accumulation of plastic waste, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Both high production and the lack of efficient methods for disposal and recycling affect diverse aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems owing to the high accumulation rates of plastics. Traditional chemical and physical degradation techniques have caused adverse effects on the environment; hence, the use of microorganisms for plastic degradation has gained importance recently. This systematic review was conducted for evaluating the reported findings about PET degradation by wild and genetically modified microorganisms to make them available for future work and to contribute to the eventual implementation of an alternative, an effective, and environmentally friendly method for the management of plastic waste such as PET. Both wild and genetically modified microorganisms with the metabolic potential to degrade this polymer were identified, in addition to the enzymes and genes used for genetic modification. The most prevalent wild-type PET-degrading microorganisms were bacteria (56.3%, 36 genera), followed by fungi (32.4%, 30 genera), microalgae (1.4%; 1 genus, namelySpirulinasp.), and invertebrate associated microbiota (2.8%). Among fungi and bacteria, the most prevalent genera wereAspergillussp. andBacillussp., respectively. About genetically modified microorganisms, 50 strains ofEscherichia coli, most of them expressing PETase enzyme, have been used. We emphasize the pressing need for implementing biological techniques for PET waste management on a commercial scale, using consortia of microorganisms. We present this work in five sections: an Introduction that highlights the importance of PET biodegradation as an effective and sustainable alternative, a section on Materials and methods that summarizes how the search for articles and manuscripts in different databases was done, and another Results section where we present the works found on the subject, a final part of Discussion and analysis of the literature found and finally we present a Conclusion and prospects.
Facial identity protection using deep learning technologies: an application in affective computing
Authors: Mase Jimiama M. , Leesakul Natalie , Figueredo Grazziela P. , Torres Mercedes Torres 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAutomatic prediction of human attributions of valence and arousal using facial recognition technologies can improve human–computer and human–robot interaction. However, data protection has become an issue of great concern in affect recognition using facial images, as the facial identities of people (i.e. recognising who a person is) could be exposed in the process. For instance, malicious individuals could exploit facial images of users to assume their identities and infiltrate biometric authentication systems. Possible solutions to protect the facial identity of users are to: (1) extract anonymised facial features in users’ local machines, namely action units (AU) of facial images, discard their facial images and send the AUs to the developer for processing, and (2) employ a federated learning approach i.e. process users’ facial images in their local machines and only send their locally trained models back to the developer’s machine for augmenting the final model. In this paper, we implement and compare the performance of these privacy-preserving strategies for affect recognition. Results on the popular RECOLA affective datasets show promising affect recognition performance in adopting a federated learning approach to protect users’ identities, with Concordance Correlation Coefficient of 0.426 for valence and 0.390 for arousal.
An urban infrastructure assessment system built on geo-tagged images and machine learning
Authors: Zhang Ding , Yi Hongdu , Chen Yang , Jiang Nan , Shao Jinxin , Liu Liu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn modern era, the maintenance of public infrastructure often takes up a large share of financial budget for a city. The management of these urban assets is supported by a frequently updated inventory reflecting facility conditions. Traditional methods relying on inspection staff or sensors are faced with two main challenges: comprehensive and standardized data collection; quick and automatic assessment process. In this technical note, we introduce a unified method for condition assessment, purely based on street views and machine learning to develop perception quantification models with pairwise labeling datasets. In this way, the two problems could be solved with automatic and scalable processes, updatable algorithms, and affordable costs The method has been tested in the city of Ulaanbaatar, in which a benchmark covering the assessment of eight types of urban infrastructure (roadway, road curbs, road markings, road signs, sidewalks, catch basins, guardrails, and manholes) is demonstrated.
Hybrid Hydrogels Based on Methacrylate-Functionalized Gelatin (GelMA) and Synthetic Polymers
Authors: Liang J. , Dijkstra P. J. , Poot A. A. , Grijpma D. W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis review on hybrid hydrogels prepared from methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and synthetic polymers presents their advantageous properties and potential applications in biomedical engineering. It describes the preparation of the different types of frequently used hybrid hydrogel networks: co-networks, interpenetrating networks (IPNs), and semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs) and gives an overview of the different methods of preparing biomedical devices from these materials.
Extension of the Electron Density Enhancement From Middle to High Latitudes Observed by Swarm‐A in Summer of the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Wang Jin , Sun Yang‐Yi , Yu Tao , Chen Gang , Ye Hailun , Yan Xiangxiang , Yang Na , Qi Yifan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe major causal mechanism for the eastward contraction of the electron density (Ne) enhancement associated with the southern Midlatitude Summer Nighttime Anomaly (MSNA) was attributed to the thermospheric neutral wind at the middle geomagnetic latitude in the fixed local time coordinate. In the study, the Ne and horizontal cross‐track ion drifts observed by the Swarm‐A satellite at 462 km altitude show that the horizontal drifts can drive the Ne enhancement of the southern MSNA in the local summer of the Southern Hemisphere. Both the eastward and westward ion drifts transport the enhancement from the middle to the high geomagnetic latitudes, which results in the enhancement evolving at all the longitudes in the whole day.
Contributions of External Forcing to the Decadal Decline of the South Asian High
Authors: Zhang Dapeng , Huang Yanyan , Zhou Botao , Wang Huijun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe South Asian high (SAH) experienced a decadal weakening in the late 1970s under global warming. Based on an evaluation of the historical runs from CMIP6 models, we quantitatively assessed the contributions of different external forcing using “good” models that reasonably simulated the decadal decline of the SAH. All‐forcing runs yielded the weakened SAH after the late 1970s, albeit the decadal decline was underestimated by most models. Compared to the insignificant contributions of greenhouse gas and natural forcing, anthropogenic aerosol played a dominant role in the decadal decline of the SAH. The increased aerosol likely drove a cooling surface over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and East China via its effect on radiation. Consequently, the weakened heat source over the TP and associated thermodynamic effects over East China would have driven a cooling of eddy temperature and cyclonic anomalies in the upper troposphere, respectively, thereby causing the decline of the SAH.
Radium Inputs Into the Arctic Ocean From Rivers: A Basin‐Wide Estimate
Authors: Bullock Emma J. , Kipp Lauren , Moore Willard , Brown Kristina , Mann Paul J. , Vonk Jorien E. , Zimov Nikita , Charette Matthew A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRadium isotopes have been used to trace nutrient, carbon, and trace metal fluxes inputs from ocean margins. However, these approaches require a full accounting of radium sources to the coastal ocean including rivers. Here, we aim to quantify river radium inputs into the Arctic Ocean for the first time for 226Ra and to refine the estimates for 228Ra. Using new and existing data, we find that the estimated combined (dissolved plus desorbed) annual 226Ra and 228Ra fluxes to the Arctic Ocean are [7.0–9.4] × 1014 dpm y−1 and [15–18] × 1014 dpm y−1, respectively. Of these totals, 44% and 60% of the river 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively are from suspended sediment desorption, which were estimated from laboratory incubation experiments. Using Ra isotope data from 20 major rivers around the world, we derived global annual 226Ra and 228Ra fluxes of [7.4–17] × 1015 and [15–27] × 1015 dpm y−1, respectively. As climate change spurs rapid Arctic warming, hydrological cycles are intensifying and coastal ice cover and permafrost are diminishing. These river radium inputs to the Arctic Ocean will serve as a valuable baseline as we attempt to understand the changes that warming temperatures are having on fluxes of biogeochemically important elements to the Arctic coastal zone.
UHRF1 overexpression promotes osteosarcoma metastasis through altered exosome production and AMPK/SEMA3E suppression
Authors: Wu Stephanie C. , Kim Ahhyun , Gu Yijun , Martinez Daniel I. , Zocchi Loredana , Chen Claire C. , Lopez Jocelyne , Salcido Kelsey , Singh Sarah , Wu Jie , Nael Ali , Benavente Claudia A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLoss-of-function mutations at the retinoblastoma (RB1) gene are associated with increased mortality, metastasis, and poor therapeutic outcome in several cancers, including osteosarcoma. However, the mechanism(s) through which RB1 loss worsens clinical outcome remains understudied. Ubiquitin-like with PHD and Ring Finger domains 1 (UHRF1) has been identified as a critical downstream effector of the RB/E2F signaling pathway that is overexpressed in various cancers. Here, we determined the role and regulatory mechanisms of UHRF1 in rendering osteosarcoma cells more aggressive. Higher UHRF1 expression correlated with malignancy in osteosarcoma cell lines, clinical samples, and genetically engineered mouse models. Gain- and loss-of-function assays revealed that UHRF1 has cell-intrinsic and extrinsic functions promoting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. UHRF1 overexpression induced angiogenesis by suppressing AMPK activation and Semaphorin 3E (SEMA3E) expression. Further, UHRF1-mediated migration and metastasis resulted, at least in part, through altered expression of extracellular vesicles and their cargo, including urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Novel osteosarcoma genetically engineered mouse models confirmed that knocking out Uhrf1 considerably decreased metastasis and reversed the poorer survival associated with Rb1 loss. This presents a new mechanistic insight into RB1 loss-associated poor prognosis and novel oncogenic roles of UHRF1 in the regulation of angiogenesis and exosome secretion, both critical for osteosarcoma metastasis. This provides substantial support for targeting UHRF1 or its downstream effectors as novel therapeutic options to improve current treatment for osteosarcoma.
The mutational signatures of formalin fixation on the human genome
Authors: Guo Qingli , Lakatos Eszter , Bakir Ibrahim Al , Curtius Kit , Graham Trevor A. , Mustonen Ville 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClinical archives of patient material near-exclusively consist of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks. The ability to precisely characterise mutational signatures from FFPE-derived DNA has tremendous translational potential. However, sequencing of DNA derived from FFPE material is known to be riddled with artefacts. Here we derive genome-wide mutational signatures caused by formalin fixation. We show that the FFPE-signature is highly similar to signature 30 (the signature of Base Excision Repair deficiency due to NTHL1 mutations), and chemical repair of DNA lesions leads to a signature highly similar to signature 1 (clock-like signature due to spontaneous deamination of methylcytosine). We demonstrate that using uncorrected mutational catalogues of FFPE samples leads to major mis-assignment of signature activities. To correct for this, we introduce FFPEsig, a computational algorithm to rectify the formalin-induced artefacts in the mutational catalogue. We demonstrate that FFPEsig enables accurate mutational signature analysis both in simulated and whole-genome sequenced FFPE cancer samples. FFPEsig thus provides an opportunity to unlock additional clinical potential of archival patient tissues.
Substrate multiplexed protein engineering facilitates promiscuous biocatalytic synthesis
Authors: McDonald Allwin D. , Higgins Peyton M. , Buller Andrew R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnzymes with high activity are readily produced through protein engineering, but intentionally and efficiently engineering enzymes for an expanded substrate scope is a contemporary challenge. One approach to address this challenge is Substrate Multiplexed Screening (SUMS), where enzyme activity is measured on competing substrates. SUMS has long been used to rigorously quantitate native enzyme specificity, primarily for in vivo settings. SUMS has more recently found sporadic use as a protein engineering approach but has not been widely adopted by the field, despite its potential utility. Here, we develop principles of how to design and interpret SUMS assays to guide protein engineering. This rich information enables improving activity with multiple substrates simultaneously, identifies enzyme variants with altered scope, and indicates potential mutational hot-spots as sites for further engineering. These advances leverage common laboratory equipment and represent a highly accessible and customizable method for enzyme engineering.