bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 26S proteasome in Entamoeba histolytica: Functional Annotation and modelling to investigate differences from the host proteasomes
Authors: Joshi Nidhi , Hosen SK Yasir , Narooka Anil Raj , Gourinath S. , Tiwari Swati 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Proteasomes are conserved proteases that are crucial for proteostasis in eukaryotes. They are promising drug targets for protozoan parasites. We present a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the 26S proteasome subunits of Entamoeba histolytica. While showing overall conservation, critical substitutions in structurally and functionally important residues were observed in both regulatory (RP) and core particle (CP) subunits. Comparative sequence analysis suggests that the substrate translocation channel of E. histolytica has a changed polarity, and is possibly wider, compared to host proteasomes. The proteolytic subunits show differences in the substrate binding sites, especially the S1 and S3 binding pockets of the β1 subunit, that shows T22M, A27V, T31K R45T substitutions suggesting differences in size and charge of the pockets. Similarly, β2 has T52L and E22V and β5 has A22R, A27S, S115D and E116G substitutions. These changes in the substrate binding pockets suggest differences in substrate preference and susceptibility to inhibitors compared to host proteasomes. Computational models of β4 and β5 subunits, and a docked β4-β5 model were developed. A binding pocket between β4-β5, similar to that of Leishmania tarentolae was observed. Selective inhibitors for visceral leishmaniasis, LXE408 and compound 8, docked well to this pocket. This sequence based analysis predicts potential points of differences from the host proteasomes that can be experimentally tested, and can be utilized to develop selective inhibitors against E. histolytica.
Construction of Deep Learning-Based Disease Detection Model in Plants
Authors: Jung Minah , Song Jong Seob , Shin Ah-Young , Choi Beomjo , Go Sangjin , Kwon Suk-Yoon , Park Juhan , Park Sung Goo , Kim Yong-Min 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Accurately detecting disease occurrences of crops in early stage is essential for quality and yield of crops through the decision of an appropriate treatments. However, detection of disease needs specialized knowledge and long-term experiences in plant pathology. Thus, automated system for disease detecting in crops will play an important role in agriculture by constructing early detection system of disease. To develop this system, construction of stepwise disease detection model using images of diseased-healthy plant pairs and a CNN algorithm consisting of five pre-trained models. The disease detection model consists of three step classification models, crop classification, disease detection, and disease classification. Unknown is added into categories to generalize the model for wide application. In the validation test, the disease detection model classified crops and disease types with high accuracy (97.09%). The low accuracy of non-model crops was improved by adding these crops to the training dataset implicating expendability of the model. Our model has a potential to apply to smart farming of Solanaceae crops and will be widely used by adding more various crops as training dataset.
Impact of Pre-transplant Individual Comorbidities on Risk of ICU Admission and Survival Outcomes Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Jamy Omer , Dasher John , Chen Alice , Salzman Donna , Bhatia Ravi , Bhatia Smita 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct) can require intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the post-transplant period. Whereas outcomes of ICU admission are known to be poor, little is known about the pre-transplant risk factors leading to them. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 304 patients to investigate the impact of pre-transplant individual comorbidities on acute inpatient complications, focusing on ICU admission, ventilator support and multi-system organ failure, following allo-hsct. During the initial hospitalization, 33 (11%) patients required ICU admission, 29 (10%) required ventilator support and 33 (11%) developed multi-system organ failure. Risk factors for ICU admission and ventilator support included pre-transplant infection, pre-transplant diabetes, time to neutrophil engraftment, donor type and HSCT era. Risk factors for multi-system organ failure included pre-transplant diabetes, time to neutrophil engraftment and HSCT era. For ICU patients, the 60-day and 6-month mortality was 58% and 67%, respectively and the median overall survival was 1.4 months. Patients with diabetes and infection at the time of HSCT and delayed neutrophil engraftment during transplant are at an increased risk for ICU admission, ventilator support and multi-system organ failure. Patients admitted to the ICU are also at a high risk for mortality leading to poor survival.
Physicians’ and nurses’ perceptions of the factors influencing the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services: a qualitative study
Authors: Sin Conor Ming Ho , Maidment Ian D , Huynh Chi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundStakeholders’ perceptions may influence the implementation of clinical pharmacy services. Although paediatric clinical pharmacy services have been provided in Hong Kong for nearly a decade, there is no research investigating its implementation. The extent to which the implementation of these services is effective must be assessed so the benefits of interventions can be optimised.AimTo identify factors that influence the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services in Hong Kong public hospitals from physicians’ and nurses’ perspectives.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted based on semi-structured interviews of physicians and nurses practicing paediatrics. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines were followed to ensure that this study is reported in a comprehensive and transparent manner.ResultsA total of 6 facilitating factors and 7 barriers were identified. The identified facilitators were improved patient outcomes and service efficiency, trust and confidence, filling clinical gaps as medicine information providers, direct communication within multidisciplinary teams, and reducing healthcare professionals’ workloads. The barriers identified were culture of a medical dominance, a lack of public understanding and recognition, limitations in resources and heavy workloads, the lack of transparent and defined roles within the organisation, the uncertainty of change in the healthcare model, the need for clinical pharmacists to take a more proactive approach, and the lack of involvement in direct patient care activities.ConclusionPhysicians and nurses reported that the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services was adequate, but several key barriers were identified at both the external and internal levels.
Digital Document Analysis Using Weighted Score Convolutional Neural Network and Arc Factored Graph Based Dependency Parsing
Authors: D Rekha D Rekha , V Ramaswamy V Ramaswamy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Digital document analysis is one where software analysts review documents for assessing an appraisal theme. Digital document analysis can be utilized for obtaining available documents in order to extract relevant data. Most of the research work focuses on a semi-supervised based framework for better parsing performance and traditional statistical setting. However, an inappropriate selection during digital documents analysis may lead to entire process being falsified there by reducing the overall accuracy. To address this issue, in our work, a novel method called, Weighted Score Convolutional Network and Arc-factored Graph-based Dependency Parsing (WSCN-AGDP) is proposed. WSCN-AGDP is split into two sections. First section is concerned with the extraction of relevant features (i.e., words from sentences) by employing Stouffer’s Weighted Score-based Convolutional Neural Network model. In the second section, using the extracted features, Graph-based Dependency Parsing is performed by utilizing Spearman Correlated Arc-Factored model. Four indices were calculated namely, digital document parsing time, parsing overhead, false positive rate and precision are being used to quantitatively assess and rate the algorithms. Different document sizes acquired from Reuters-21578 dataset are considered. Experiments have been conducted to analyze the methods.
Mid-aortic syndrome in a paediatric cohort
Authors: Brunet-Garcia Laia , Martínez Fredy Hermógenes Prada , Sainz Angela Lopez , Sánchez-de-Toledo Joan , Bellon Juan Manuel Carretero 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

AimsMid-aortic syndrome (MAS) is an uncommon condition characterized by severe narrowing of the abdominal aorta, usually involving visceral and renal arteries. Most patients are asymptomatic and typically present with incidental hypertension which might evolve into end-organ damage if untreated. Our aim was to review 8 new paediatric MAS cases.MethodsA retrospective observational study of all paediatric patients with MAS diagnosis (April 1992-Novembre 2021) was conducted. Patients underwent systematic evaluation (medical and family history; 12-lead electrocardiogram; echocardiogram; angiography and/or computed tomography or magnetic resonance angiography).Results8 paediatric patients with MAS were included. Median age at diagnosis 2.6 [0.2–4.7] years; median follow-up time 8.6 [6.6–10.0] years. 6/8 patients presented with incidental hypertension, 1/8 with heart murmur and 1/8 with heart failure symptoms.All patients were on antihypertensive treatment. 1/8 patients underwent surgery and 7/8 an endovascular treatment. At the end of the study period, among the 6 patients that underwent a successful endovascular procedure, 2 achieved good blood pressure (BP) control, 2 acceptable BP control, 1 stage 1 hypertension and, another, stage 2 hypertension. There was 1 death during follow-up.ConclusionBP monitoring in paediatric patients is crucial for early recognition of MAS. Treatment should be based on the individual clinical characteristics of patients with careful planning of surgical revascularisation, if possible, after adult growth is completed. Our study demonstrates that endovascular treatment might be a good alternative to surgery. Nevertheless, further trials with larger sample size and longer term follow-up are required to determine the best treatment approach.
Perceptions of freshwater algal blooms, causes and health among New Brunswick lakefront property owners
Authors: Birk Sapriya , Miller J. David , MacMullin Aidan , Patterson R. Timothy , Villeneuve Paul J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Changes to water conditions due to eutrophication and climate change have resulted in the proliferation of harmful algal blooms in freshwater and marine environments globally, including in Canadian lakes. We developed and administered an online survey to evaluate the awareness of these blooms and the accompanying health risks in a sample of New Brunswick waterfront cottage and homeowners. The survey was distributed to lake and cottage associations in New Brunswick and was completed by 186 eligible respondents. Participants were asked to about information about the water quality of their lake, awareness about algae blooms, sociodemographic and cottage characteristics, and complete a self-rated measure of physical and mental health. While approximately 75% of participants reported that the quality of their lake water was good or very good, 40% indicated that algae blooms were a concern. We found no statistically significant differences in self-reported physical or mental health between those who were aware of algae blooms at their cottage and those who weren’t (p > 0.05). Participants expressed concern about the impacts of algal blooms on the health of their pets, and wildlife. While climate change was the most identified cause of algal blooms, there was substantial heterogeneity in the responses. Taken together, the findings from our survey suggest that cottage owners in New Brunswick are aware and concerned about the impacts of algae blooms, however, there is a need to provide additional information to lake associations about the causes of these blooms.
Altered Gene Expression in Excitatory Neurons is Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Higher Incidence in Women
Authors: Garcia A. Xavier , Xu Jielin , Cheng Feixiong , Ruppin Eytan , Schäffer Alejandro A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving interactions between different cell types in the brain. Previous single-cell and bulk expression Alzheimer’s studies have reported conflicting findings about the key cell types and cellular pathways whose expression is primarily altered in this disease. We reanalyze these data in a uniform, coherent manner aiming to resolve and extend past findings. We further examine if this reanalysis may shed light on the observation that females have substantially higher AD incidence than males.Methods: We reanalyzed three published single-cell transcriptomics datasets including redoing some of their preprocessing. We used the software method MAST within the Seurat package to look for differentially expressed genes comparing AD cases to matched controls for both sexes together and for each sex separately. We used the GOrilla software to search for enriched pathways and other gene sets among the differentially expressed genes. Motivated by the male/female difference in incidence, we studied genes on the X-chromosome, focusing on genes in the pseudoautosomal region and on genes that are heterogeneous across either individuals or tissues for X-inactivation. We additionally obtained bulk AD datasets from the cortex from the Gene Expression Omnibus and used voom-limma for differential expression analysis.Results: Our results resolve the apparent contradiction in the literature, showing that comparing AD patients to unaffected controls, excitatory neurons have more differentially expressed genes than do astrocytes and other cell types. Altered pathways between males and females in excitatory neurons involve synaptic transmission and related pathways. Further analysis suggests that numerous pseudoautosomal region (PAR) genes and X-chromosome heterogeneous genes, including such as BEX1 and ELK1, may contribute to the difference in sex incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. Among autosomal genes, GRIN1, stood out as an overexpressed gene in cases vs. controls in all three single-cell data sets and as a functional candidate gene contributing to several important pathways upregulated in cases.Conclusions: Taken together, these results point to a potential linkage between two longstanding questions concerning AD pathogenesis, involving which cell type is the most important and why females have higher incidence than males.
Natural killer cells are associated with prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Ma Miaomiao , Zhang Tao , Zhang Zegao , Tao Pengcai , Alifu Mayinuer , Zhao Hui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective:Immune cells play an important role in anti-tumor activity. We aimed to investigate the expression of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, natural kill (NK) cells, and interleukin-27 (IL-27) in breast cancer tissues, and to explore their relationship with clinical characteristics and patients’ prognoses.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and IL-27 in a total of 198 breast cancer patients.Results:It was found that the number of positive NK cells was highest in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the Luminal A breast cancer group: the higher the histological grade, the higher the number of positive cases of CD4+ T cells; the higher the clinical stage, the higher the percentage of positive CD8+ T cells. In the Luminal B breast cancer group: the higher the histological grade, the higher the number of positive cases of CD8+ T cells; the higher the clinical stage, the higher the number of positive cases of CD8+ T cells. In the grouping of HER-2 breast cancer, patients with lymph node metastasis had higher CD8+ T cell positive cases; larger tumor volume had higher IL-27 positive cases. In TNBC grouping: the larger the tumor volume, the higher the positive ratio of CD8+ T cells; the higher the number of NK cell positive cases in patients with lymph node metastasis; the higher the number of IL-27 positive cases in patients with larger tumor volume. The survival curve showed that the OS rate of NK cell-negative patients was significantly higher than that of NK cell-positive patients.Conclusion:This study shows that infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells in breast cancer tissue are associated with poor patient prognosis, and NK cell-positive TNBC patients with poor prognosis.
The impact of COVID-19 on urban water use: a review
Authors: Buurman Joost , Freiburghaus Matthias , Castellet-Viciano Lledó 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had significant impact on water utilities, which had to continue providing clean water under safe-distancing measures. Water use patterns were affected, shifting peak demand and changing volumes, though changes varied from place to place. This study analyses the effects of the safe-distancing measures on water use patterns in different countries and cities with the aim of drawing general conclusions on causes and impacts of changes in water use patterns, as well as providing some insights on the impacts on finances of utilities and potential long-term implications. The analysis is based on information collected by the members of the IWA Specialist Group on Statistics and Economics for Belgium, Cyprus, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, Portugal, Romania, the Netherlands and Singapore. Temporal, spatial/sectoral and volume changes can be distinguished. The main temporal change in domestic water use was a delay in the morning peak, while commercial water use patterns changed significantly. In general, the volume of domestic water use increased between about 3% and 8%, while non-domestic water use decreased between about 2% and 11% over 2020. Indirect evidence suggests shifts have taken place between sectors and spatially. The impact on finances of utilities has likely been only short-term.
Competition adsorption of malachite green and rhodamine B on polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride microplastics in aqueous environment
Authors: Zhong Yiping , Wang Kangkang , Guo Changyan , Kou Yuli , Hassan Afaq , Lu Yi , Wang Jide , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) will cause compound pollution by combining with organic pollutants in the aqueous environment. It is important for environmental protection to study the adsorption mechanism of different MPs for pollutants. In this study, the adsorption behaviors of malachite green (MG) and rhodamine B (RhB) on polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were studied in single systems and binary systems, separately. The results show that in single system, the adsorptions of between MPs for pollutants (MG and RhB) are more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm model, the adsorption capacity of both MPs for MG is greater than that of RhB. The adsorption capacities of MG and RhB were 7.68 mg/g and 2.83 mg/g for PVC, 4.52 mg/g and 1.27 mg/g for PE. In the binary system, there exist competitive adsorption between MG and RhB on MPs. And the adsorption capacities of PVC for the two dyes are stronger than those of PE. This is attributed to the strong halogen-hydrogen bond between the two dyes and PVC, and the larger specific surface area of PVC. This study revealed the interaction and competitive adsorption mechanism between binary dyes and MPs, which is of great significance for understanding the interactions between dyes and MPs in the multi-component systems.
Electrochemical oxidation process on palm oil mill effluent waste activated sludge: optimization by response surface methodology
Authors: Yap Branda Jian Tong , Heng Gan Chin , Ng Choon Aun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Biological-based treatment as the conventional treatment for palm oil mill effluent (POME) in open-ponding system face a well known rate-limiting step which is hydrolysis. In this study, electrochemical oxidation (EO) by a ruthenium oxide-coated titanium (Ti/RuO2) electrode was introduced as a pre-treatment for POME waste activated sludge (WAS). Surface morphology and elemental analysis were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. Response surface methodology type central composite design was used in this study to understand the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to validate the model of the studied variables. The correlation coefficients (R2) indicated a close agreement between the experimental results and the predicted values, with high R2 values of 0.9044–0.9773. Multiple response optimization suggested that the range of current density (17–27 mA/cm2) and electrolysis time (55–75 min) at a fixed concentration of sodium chloride (10 g/L), resulted in mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) removal &gt;20%, capillary suction timer (CST) reduction &gt;43%, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) increment &lt;19% and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) increment &gt;25%. EO appears to be an efficient pre-treatment as well as practical way to improve the POME WAS disintegration and dewaterability.
Possessive Constructions in Central Kurdish: A Cognitive Grammar Account
Authors: Fatah Azad Hasan , Aghal Ari Ezzat 
Published: August 2022

This paper seeks to study possessive constructions in CK henceforth from the cognitive grammar perspective. One of the tenets of construal theory is that the speakers of a language deploy alternate constructions to express different conceptual contents. To do so, the humans use construal mechanism to portray and interpret a certain scene from their perspectives. To achieve the objective of the present paper, we apply reference point model, Construal and Figure and ground theories to CK possessive constructions. Possessive constructions are relational structures established by human mental ability to invoke one entity as the reference point and relate it to another entity which is described as the profile determinant. In applying construal theory to CK possessive construction, we argue that different interpretations can be assumed from ezafe (-i) and possessive clitics in conveying possession. With the application of these three theories, a new perspective has been put forward to possessive constructions in CK.