bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder trajectories following traumatic injury: Identification and validation in two independent samples
Authors: Tomas Carissa W. , Fitzgerald Jacklynn M. , Bergner Carisa , Hillard Cecilia J. , Larson Christine L. , deRoon‐Cassini Terri A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to its heterogeneity, the prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development after traumtic injury is difficult. Recent machine learning approaches have yielded insight into predicting PTSD symptom trajectories. Using data collected within 1 month of traumatic injury, we applied eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) to classify admitted and discharged patients (hospitalized, n = 192; nonhospitalized, n = 214), recruited from a Level 1 trauma center, according to PTSD symptom trajectories. Trajectories were identified using latent class mixed models on PCL‐5 scores collected at baseline, 1–3 months posttrauma, and 6 months posttrauma. In both samples, nonremitting, remitting, and resilient PTSD symptom trajectories were identified. In the admitted patient sample, a unique delayed trajectory emerged. Machine learning classifiers (i.e., XGB) were developed and tested on the admitted patient sample and externally validated on the discharged sample with biological and clinical self‐report baseline variables as predictors. For external validation sets, prediction was fair for nonremitting versus other trajectories, areas under the curve (AUC = .70); good for nonremitting versus resilient trajectories, AUCs = .73–.76; and prediction failed for nonremitting versus remitting trajectories, AUCs = .46–.48. However, poor precision (< .57) across all models suggests limited generalizability of nonremitting symptom trajectory prediction from admitted to discharged patient samples. Consistency in symptom trajectory identification across samples supports prior studies on the stability of PTSD symptom trajectories following trauma exposure; however, continued work and replication with larger samples are warranted to understand overlapping and unique predictive features of PTSD in different traumatic injury populations.
Incidence and Prevalence of Cough in a Rural Health System: A 20‐Year Study
Authors: Altman Kenneth W. , Young Amanda J. , Gupta Mudit , Pichardo Priscilla F. A. , Troup Melissa A. , Blank Jackie 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveUnderstanding the cough population is critical to addressing clinical needs and gaps in best practice. We sought to characterize and stratify cough patients with the hypothesis that there are opportunities to improve access to care in our health system and characterize the population.MethodsFollowing institutional review board exempt status, a retrospective electronic record review was performed on all patients coded with ICD‐9 786.2 or ICD‐10 is R05 from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2020 at our health system. Inclusion criteria were one or more visits for cough. The subgroup with more than one visit in each of 2 years was classified as multiple encounters. Patients were characterized by sex, age at first cough encounter, number of cough encounters, smoking status, and insurance status. Results were stratified by year, calculating frequencies, and percentages.ResultsThere were 302,284 unique patients diagnosed with cough, among 1,764,387 patients seen in our health system, representing an average incidence of 3.0% (2.7%–3.7%) and prevalence of 4.9% (3.1%–5.6%). New single encounter cough patients totaled 179,963, and new multiple encounter cough patients totaled 122,321. Of the 39,828,073 total encounters, there were 469,802 for new or existing cough (1.17%–1.73% annually). The age at initial presentation demonstrated 36.5% seen <10 years old, with an even distribution over the remaining decades of life. The majority were seen for cough once, but 23.8% of group two patients had two or more visits for cough in a year.ConclusionWe demonstrate a lower‐than‐expected incidence and prevalence of cough in our health population, suggesting challenges with access to care when compared to 10% prevalence and 3% of encounters previously documented in the literature. The study also provides a platform to explore the importance of pediatric cough, as well as population health and the longitudinal journey of cough patients in underserved areas.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:1191–1196, 2023
Functional Cyanine‐Based PVA:PVP Polymers as Antimicrobial Tools toward Food and Health‐Care Bacterial Infections
Authors: Marcelo Gonçalo A. , Galhano Joana , Duarte Maria Paula , Kurutos Atanas , Capelo‐Martínez Jose Luis , Lodeiro Carlos , Oliveira Elisabete 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rising of multidrug‐resistant bacteria and their associated proliferation as harmful microorganisms boosts the creation of new antibacterial surfaces and biomaterials with applications ranging from health to food packing. Herein, low‐cost antibacterial PVA:PVP copolymers containing cyanine derivatives (1, 2, and 3) and their respective Cu2+ complexes are successfully obtained and tested against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. The possible application in food packing is addressed by covering the surface of typical paper mockups with the doped polymers. All dye‐doped polymers present a broad‐spectrum antibacterial effect against Gram‐positive bacteria, especially for Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, with PVA:PVP@3 and PVA:PVP@3‐Cu being the most effective. Moreover, polymers containing cyanine derivatives present interesting inhibition effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), where the production of its characteristic blue/green virulent pigment is not observed. Of the coated paper mockups, PVA:PVP:paper@2 and PVA:PVP:paper@2‐Cu are most effective against B. cereus and S. aureus, while PVA:PVP:paper@3 and PVA:PVP:paper@3‐Cu are most effective against the MRSA strain. In these formulations, direct contact inhibition mechanisms appear to be more significant than diffusional mechanisms, due to cyanine release hindrance, making them very interesting and versatile platforms for medical and food applications.
In Situ Kinetics Reveal the Influence of Solvents and Monomer Structure on the Anionic Ring‐Opening Copolymerization of Epoxides
Authors: Dreier Philip , Matthes Rebecca , Barent Ramona D. , Schüttner Sandra , Müller Axel H. E. , Frey Holger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn‐depth understanding of copolymerization kinetics and the resulting polymer microstructure is crucial for the design of materials with well‐defined properties. Further, insights regarding the impact of solvents on copolymerization kinetics allows for precisely tuned materials. In this regard, in situ 1H NMR spectroscopy enables precise monitoring of the living anionic ring‐opening copolymerization (AROP) of ethylene oxide (EO) with the glycidyl ethers allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) and ethoxy vinyl glycidyl ether (EVGE), respectively. Determination of reactivity ratios reveals slightly higher reactivity of both glycidyl ethers compared to EO, emphasizing a pronounced counterion chelation effect by glycidyl ethers in AROP. Implementation of density functional theory (DFT) calculations further illustrates the complexation capability of ether‐containing side groups in glycidyl ethers, in analogy to crown ethers (“crown ether effect”). Investigation of the copolymerization in i) THF‐d8 and ii) DMSO‐d6 shows an increasing disparity of reactivity ratios for both glycidyl ethers compared to EO, clearly related to decreasing solvent polarity.
A Comparative Investigation of Various Binders for Silicon Anodes: Interactions with Other Components, Rheological Property, and Behavior in Operando Dilatometry
Authors: Li Xin‐Zhi , Yuan Shu‐Xia , Ding Guo‐Sheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBenefitting from its outstanding advantages, silicon (Si) has been considered as one of the best candidates of anode materials for next‐generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Among various influencing factors on the electrochemical performance of Si anodes, binder attracts more and more attention though occupying only a small portion. Well‐designed binders play a critical role in improving cycling performance of Si anodes. Herein, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), sodium alginate (SA), polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are selected as binders, and their effects on the electrochemical performance are investigated. PAA, CMC, and SA form both dynamic hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds with Si while PAN and PVDF form monotonous hydrogen bonds with Si. Defects of PAA and CMC in slurry mixing and subsequent drying process originated from high modulus and poor liquidity are exposed. The binder influence on expansion/contraction behavior of silicon anodes is innovatively investigated in real time. Electrodes with PAA binder exhibit the greatest expansion but the highest reversibility, which contributes to superior electrochemical performance. This article aims to provide useful information for failure mechanism analysis of binders as well as design of advanced binders for high energy LIBs.
Facile Preparation of Light‐Weight Polyetheretherketone/Graphite/FeCo Ternary Heterogeneous Composite Foam with High Compressive Strength and Excellent Integrated Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance
Authors: Wu Shuoqi , Xu Pan , Wang Shan , Qi Desheng , Wang Le , Meng Lingcheng , Ge Shuyuan , Yue Xigui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe preparation of the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials with 3D porous structural, light weight, and high mechanical strength has been receiving greater attention for a long time. A series of light‐weight polyetheretherketone/graphite/FeCo ternary heterogeneous composite foams (PEEK/C/FeCo) with high mechanical strength are prepared via thermally induced phase separation. Based on the high compressive strength of PEEK resin and its stable skeleton formed by thermally induced phase separation, the composite foam has high compressive strength and low density. In addition, during the thermally induced phase separation process, porous structures are formed inside the PEEK, and graphite and FeCo particles are uniformly dispersed between the pore structures, the composite foams possess excellent porous structure, moderate dielectric loss, and magnetic loss, exhibiting good absorbing properties. With the low density of 0.49 g cm−3 and high compressive strength of 6.40 MPa, the as‐synthesized optimal sample (PEEK‐50/C‐40/FeCo‐10) achieves a minimum reflection loss up to −35.9 dB covering a bandwidth of 3.6 GHz for a thickness of 1.5 mm. In a word, this study provides a novel, economical, and efficient way to obtain a light foam with high mechanical strength and good EMW absorbing property.
Sensitivity of Sniffer Dogs for a Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Gao Chang‐Qing , Wang Shan‐Ni , Wang Mei‐Mei , Li Jing‐Jing , Qiao Jiao‐Jiao , Huang Juan‐Juan , Zhang Xu‐Xiang , Xiang Ya‐Qin , Xu Qian , Wang Jun‐Ling , Liu Zheng‐Hua , Wang Jian‐Gang , Chen Zhi‐Heng , Hu Ping‐An , Song Zhi , Gu Shao‐Juan , Zhang Ru‐Xu , Lei Li‐Fang , Zhan Ke‐Bin , Long Yi‐Ting , Zhang Yang , Ye Min , Zhong Zhe , Liu Yun‐Bo , Zhang Chen , He Zheng‐Ming , Fang Xiang , Peng Jian‐Guo , Wang Chun‐Yu , Xu Hui , Xia Bing‐Hua , Shen Lu , Tang Bei‐Sha , Zheng Cui‐Wei , Li Ya‐An , Guo Ji‐Feng 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease (PD) remain complex, which is especially problematic for nonmovement disorder experts. A test is required to establish a diagnosis of PD with improved accuracy and reproducibility.ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of tests using sniffer dogs to diagnose PD.MethodsA prospective, diagnostic case‐control study was conducted in four tertiary medical centers in China to evaluate the accuracy of sniffer dogs to distinguish between 109 clinically established medicated patients with PD, 654 subjects without PD, 37 drug‐naïve patients with PD, and 185 non‐PD controls. The primary outcomes were sensitivity and specificity of sniffer dog's identification.ResultsIn the study with patients who were medicated, when two or all three sniffer dogs yielded positive detection results in a sample tested, the index test sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 91% (95% CI: 84%–96%), 95% (95% CI: 93%–97%), and 19.16 (95% CI: 13.52–27.16) and 0.10 (95% CI: 0.05–0.17), respectively. The corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios in patients who were drug‐naïve were 89% (95% CI: 75%–96%), 86% (95% CI: 81%–91%), and 6.6 (95% CI: 4.51–9.66) and 0.13 (95% CI: 0.05–0.32), respectively.ConclusionsTests using sniffer dogs may be a useful, noninvasive, fast, and cost‐effective method to identify patients with PD in community screening and health prevention checkups as well as in neurological practice. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Risk‐reducing mastectomy decisions among women with mutations in high‐ and moderate‐ penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes
Authors: Comeaux Jacob G. , Culver Julie O. , Lee John E. , Dondanville Danielle , McArthur Heather L. , Quinn Emily , Gorman Nicholas , Ricker Charité , Li Ming , Lerman Caryn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWomen harboring mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes are at increased lifetime risk of developing breast cancer and are faced with decisions about risk management, including whether to undergo high‐risk screening or risk‐reducing mastectomy (RRM). National guidelines recommend BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers consider RRM, but that carriers of moderate penetrance mutations (e.g., ATM or CHEK2) should be managed based on family history. We aimed to investigate determinants of decision for RRM, and hypothesized that mutation status, age, family history, partner status, and breast cancer would impact RRM decision making.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study assessing RRM decisions for 279 women.ResultsWomen with BRCA and moderate penetrance gene mutations, a personal history of breast cancer, or a first degree relative with a history of breast cancer were more likely to undergo RRM. Breast cancer status and age showed an interaction effect such that women with breast cancer were less likely to undergo RRM with increasing age.ConclusionAlthough national guidelines do not recommend RRM for moderate penetrance carriers, the rates of RRM for this population approached those for BRCA mutation carriers. Further insights are needed to better support RRM decision‐making in this population.
Analysis and design of a 1.7‐ to 27.1‐GHz low‐noise amplifier
Authors: Hu Jianquan , Ma Kaixue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis letter illustrates a 1.7‐ to 27.1‐GHz single‐stage cascode low‐noise amplifier (LNA) with high and flat gain response. In the presented LNA, to obtain high and flat gain response in the broad bandwidth, the Micro‐strip type pHEMT is utilized as the common‐source stage so as to alleviate the gain bandwidth degradation caused by parasitic parameters. Meanwhile, multiple inductive‐peaking inductors are employed to enhance the gain. By optimizing the combination of several bandwidth extension techniques, the experimental results indicate that the exhibited LNA achieves high average gain up to 14.6 dB with ±1.5 dB variation, 2.4 dB typical noise figure, and 14‐dBm OP1dB in the frequency range from 1.7 to 27.1 GHz. Fabricated by using 0.15‐μm GaAs pHEMT process, the presented LNA occupies a chip area of 0.96 mm2.
Reproducibility of resistance exercise therapy interventions in trials for chronic low back pain is challenging: A systematic review
Authors: MacPherson Kevin L. , Hughey Lindsey , Rhon Daniel I. , Young Jodi L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveDetermine reproducibility of resistance exercise regimens in trials for CLBP and determine if recently available checklists are effective.MethodsFour databases (Medline, PubMed, Cochrane and CINAHL) were searched for keywords related to back pain and resistance exercise. Reproducibility was assessed using two checklists, the 12‐item Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) and the 19‐item Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT). The proportion reporting was analysed, with additional comparison of trials pre‐ and post‐availability of each checklist. A generalised linear regression was conducted with checklist items as the dependent variable and year of publication as the independent (PROSPERO ID = #CRD42020186036).ResultsOverall, details that facilitate reproducibility were under‐reported. No trials reported all checklist items, while only 18 trials (35.5%) and 5 trials (9.8%) reported 75%+ of checklist items for the TIDieR and CERT, respectively. A median of 8 (IQR 2) of 12 TIDieR criteria were reported and a median of 9 (IQR 7) of 19 criteria were reported for the CERT. There was no difference pre/post checklist publication (TIDieR median before = 8 (IQR 2), after = 8 (IQR 2.25); CERT mean before = 9 (IQR 5.25), after = 9 (IQR 7)). Regression failed to support improved reporting over time. The majority of studies (86.3%) were scored as having an elevated risk of bias.ConclusionsReproducibility of resistance exercise in CLBP trials appears questionable due to low levels of reporting. The publication reporting checklists have not resulted in improvement. Real‐world reproducibility is questionable. There is a need to improve reporting to maximise reproducibility.Impact statementThe present results reveal a demand in improved reporting to ensure both enhanced clinical translation in the real‐world and replicability to enhance knowledge of best‐practice for resistance exercise in the CLBP population.
A posteriori error estimator for a multiscale hybrid mixed method for Darcy's flows
Authors: Batistela Gustavo Alcalá , de Siqueira Denise , Devloo Philippe R. B. , Gomes Sônia M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article presents a computable and efficient procedure for a posteriori error estimations of approximate solutions of Darcy's flows given by a Multiscale Hybrid Mixed method. Based on a partition of the domain by polytopal macro subregions, this is a strategy for efficient simulations of problems with strongly varying solutions. The flux approximations interacting with the skeleton (subregion boundaries) are strongly constrained by a given trace space. Whilst the dimension of the piecewise polynomial trace space is expected to be as low as possible, the small‐scale features of the solution are supposed to be accurately resolved by completely independent local stable mixed solvers, the trace variable playing the role of Neumann boundary data. As the method already gives an equilibrated global H(div)‐conforming flux approximation, the methodology for the error estimation only requires a potential reconstruction. In addition to usual residual errors and indicators associated with the potential reconstruction, the estimation also takes into account the effect of discretizations of practical nonhomogeneous Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. Based on the proposed a posteriori error estimator, ‐adaptive algorithms are constructed to guide a proper choice of the trace space. The performance of the error estimator and the adaptive scheme is numerically investigated through a set of illustrating test problems.
An Efficient Method for the Preparation of Sulfonamides from Sodium Sulfinates and Amines
Authors: Tian Haiying , Li Ruiyan , Guo Fang , Chen Xiuling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSulfonamides have a special role on medicine due to their broad biological activities, as bacterial infections, diabetes mellitus, oedema, hypertension prevention and treatment. In addition, sulfonamides are also useful in herbicides and pesticides. Herein, we communicate an efficient strategy for the preparation of sulfonamides via NH4I‐mediated amination of sodium sulfinates. This new method provides a general and environmentally friendly access to sulfonamide compounds and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
Pedigree reconstruction for triploid apple cultivars using single nucleotide polymorphism array data
Authors: Howard Nicholas P. , Micheletti Diego , Luby James J. , Durel Charles‐Eric , Denancé Caroline , Muranty Hélène , Ordidge Matthew , Albach Dirk C. 
Published: August 2022

Societal Impact StatementMany economically, culturally, and historically important apple cultivars are triploids, which have three copies of each chromosome instead of the more typical two copies in diploids. Despite their prevalence and importance, there have been conflicting reports regarding their origin and their ability to beget diploids. New genetic analysis methodologies outlined in this study have clarified the genetic origin of triploid apple cultivars and suggest that triploidy has been a dead end in historic apple pedigrees. The specific results of this study have resolved the pedigrees of many cultivars, including the famous English cultivar Cox's Orange Pippin and the oldest known US cultivar Roxbury Russet.Summary

In apple (Malus × domestica), most cultivars are diploid, though a sizeable number are triploids, which tend to be stronger growing, more robust, and bear larger fruit. However, triploidy is also associated with strongly reduced fertility. Some recorded pedigrees for historical apple cultivars include triploids as parents of diploids, despite this reputation of poor fertility. This information, coupled with some initiatives using triploids in breeding efforts, result in confusion about how possible or common it is for triploids to be parents of diploid offspring. To date, no studies have systematically evaluated and identified pedigrees of triploid apple cultivars to resolve these contradictions.
Here, we describe a method to make triploid genotype calls using Illumina Infinium single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data through a novel Python script: ploidyClassifier. SNP data for 219 unique triploids was compared alongside 2498 unique diploid apple accessions to conduct pedigree reconstruction.
Unreduced gamete‐donating parents were identified for over half of the triploid accessions. From those, reduced gamete‐donating parents were identified for nearly half. Full or partial pedigrees for many classic triploids were uncovered, including that of the oldest known American cultivar, ‘Roxbury Russet’. All tested pedigrees from literature that listed triploids as parents of diploids were deemed false, including that of the well‐known ‘Cox's Orange Pippin’, whose previously unreported second parent was also identified here as ‘Rosemary Russet’.
These results together suggest that historic triploids are mostly or solely the product of diploid parentage and that triploidy has been a dead end in historic apple pedigrees.
Early development of pembrolizumab‐induced fulminant myositis and cardiotoxicity in a patient with metastatic thymoma
Authors: Jang Soo Yeon , Lee Sung Yong , Lee Hye Lim , Choi Juwhan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein, we report the case of a 48‐year‐old woman with metastatic thymoma who developed fulminant myositis with cardiotoxicity after one cycle of pembrolizumab treatment. She presented with severe muscle weakness and dyspnea, and her laboratory test results revealed increased muscle and cardiac enzyme levels. Despite an urgent initiation of systemic steroids, her muscle weakness and hypercapnia worsened, for which intravenous immunoglobulin G was initiated. However, hypercapnia did not improve, but the patient recovered completely after plasma exchange. Patients with thymic neoplasms could be susceptible to fulminant forms of immune‐related adverse effects because they lack normal thymic physiology. Clinicians must not hesitate to consider immunoglobulin G administration and plasma exchange therapy as the next treatment steps for steroid‐refractory patients.