bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milk-Based Bionutrient Trials to Improve Outcomes in Preterm Infants: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Embleton Nicholas D. , Berrington Janet E. 
Published: December 2022

Objective Bionutrients (or immunonutrients) are dietary components present in milk, or supplements that could be added to milk diets, that impact health and disease. With few exceptions, most of these are present in human breastmilk and the majority are also present in amniotic fluid.
Study Design Bionutrients can be proteins and peptides including enzymes, hormones, immunoglobulins, and growth factors and can also be molecules such as human milk oligosaccharides, amino acids, or lipids such as docosahexaenoic acid. Many of these have ancient origins, are found in other species, and existed before mammalian lactation evolved. Bionutrients may act in diverse ways when administered enterally: they may impact gut bacterial communities or epithelial cell metabolism, or they may pass into the lamina propria where they interact with the gut and systemic immune systems. Clinical trials have often used bovine analogs such as lactoferrin or may use artificially synthesized or recombinant compounds including insulin, bile salt stimulated lipase, or oligosaccharides.
Results Challenges arise because the bioactivity of proteins, such as lactoferrin, may be affected by processing and pasteurization meaning that the impacts of commercial products may differ. The challenge of determining the optimal bioactivity of any single preparation may be even greater in complex compounds such as milk fat globule membrane. It is also possible that bioactivity is affected by the milk matrix, that is, may differ between formula and human milk.
Conclusion Finally, it is important to appreciate that nutrients do not function in isolation, and most will not act like drugs, that is, they may take several days or longer to exert an affect.
Key Points
Different Settings of Nonsynchronized Bilevel Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Respiratory Function in Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cavigioli Francesco , Bresesti Ilia , Gatto Sara , Castoldi Francesca , Gavilanes Danilo , Gazzolo Diego , Agosti Massimo , Kramer Boris , Lista Gianluca 
Published: December 2022

Objective With this study, we evaluated the short-term effects of different modes and settings of noninvasive respiratory support on gas exchange, breathing parameters, and thoracoabdominal synchrony in preterm infants in the acute phase of moderate respiratory distress syndrome.
Study Design A feasibility crossover trial was conducted in neonates < 32 weeks' gestation on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (n-CPAP) or bilevel n-CPAP. Infants were delivered the following settings in consecutive order for 10 minutes each: • n-CPAP (5 cm H2O) • bilevel n-CPAP 1 (Pres low = 5 cm H2O, Pres high = 7 cm H2O, T-high = 1 second, rate = 30/min) • n-CPAP (5 cm H2O) • bilevel n-CPAP 2 (Pres low = 5 cm H2O, Pres high = 7 cm H2O, T-high = 2 second, rate = 15/min) • n-CPAP (5 cm H2O). During each phase, physiologic parameters were recorded; the thoracoabdominal synchrony expressed by the phase angle (Φ) and other respiratory patterns were monitored by noncalibrated respiratory inductance plethysmography.
Results Fourteen preterm infants were analyzed. The mean CPAP level was significantly lower in the n-CPAP period compared with bilevel n-CPAP 1 and 2 (p = 0.03). Higher values were achieved with bilevel n-CPAP 2 (6.2 ± 0.6 vs. 5.7 ± 0.5 cm H2O, respectively; p < 0.05). No statistical difference in the Φ was detected, nor between the three settings.
Conclusion Our study did not show any superiority of bilevel n-CPAP over n-CPAP. However, nonsynchronized bilevel n-CPAP might be helpful when additional pressure is needed.
Key Points
Anaphore et marqueurs du discours
Authors: Saiz-Sánchez Marta 
Published: December 2022

RésuméLes marqueurs d’accord et de désaccordoui,nonetsiont été décrits traditionnellement en termes d’anaphore ou de mot-phrase puisque leur interprétation sémantique dépend du contexte antérieur. Toutefois, dans l’interaction spontanée, ces marqueurs ne sont pas toujours les équivalents d’un segment de discours antérieur. Parfois ils renvoient à l’énonciation, à un contenu sémantique inféré, voire à une situation extralinguistique. Après avoir présenté plusieurs travaux sur différents types d’anaphores, nous proposons le concept d’anaphore situationnellepour décrire le fonctionnement référentiel deoui,nonetsi. Ces marqueurs reprennent un schéma situationnel avec des variables qui s’actualisent avec la situation énonciative. Cette proposition permet d’unifier la description anaphorique des trois marqueurs dans tous les cas de figure.
Elsinoë australis Bitancourt & Jenkins. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: December 2022

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for Elsinoë australis Bitancourt & Jenkins. Dothideomycetes: Myriangiales: Elsinoaceae. Hosts: Citrus spp. especially navel orange (
C. sinensis
) and mandarin (
C. reticulata
); poplar (
Populus tomentosa
and
P. deltoides
).
Candidatus Liberibacter africanus Jagoueix, Bové & Garnier. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: December 2022

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for Candidatus Liberibacter africanus Jagoueix, Bové & Garnier. Alphaproteobacteria: Rhizobiales: Phyllobacteriaceae. Hosts:
Citrus
spp.
Phytophthora ramorum Werres, de Cock & Manin 't Veld. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: December 2022

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for Phytophthora ramorum Werres, de Cock & Manin 't Veld. Oomycetes: Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae. Hosts: wide host range including many ornamental and tree species, especially oak (
Quercus
sp.), tanoak (
Notholithocarpus densiflorus
), Rhododendron, Pieris, Viburnum and Japanese larch (
Larix kaempferi
).
Micro-gas sensor with a suspended micro-heater for ammonia gas detection
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Hsu , Lin Tsung-Wei , Juang Feng-Renn , Huang I-Yu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this research, the ammonia micro-gas sensor is developed by micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. A suspended micro-heater is also integrated on the same chip to provide the optimal operating temperature during sensing. The main processing steps of the implemented micro-sensor in this study involve five photolithographic and seven thin-film deposition processes. In addition, in order to reduce the heat loss of the heater, this study uses anisotropic wet etching of MEMS technology to create a suspension structure that can reduce the heat conduction of silicon. Finally, tungsten trioxide is used as a sensing film to measure the variation of resistance. The chip size of the proposed micro ammonia sensor developed in this paper is 5 mm × 5 mm. At the concentration of 5 ppm ammonia, the sensing response can reach 252%, and the response time is 30 s. The lowest detection limit reaches 40 ppb. In summary, the micro-ammonia gas sensor with a micro-heater developed in this paper has the advantages of high response value, low detection limit and small size.
Study of electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of multilayer graphene films by Monte Carlo method
Authors: Fang Chao , Chen Xiqu , Zhang Juanjuan , Xia Xiaodong , Weng George J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of multilayer graphene films is studied by the Monte Carlo (MC) method. First, we use the transfer matrix method to study the transmission and reflection of electric fields of the incident light passing through the graphene plane and the dielectric interface, and then determine the reflection and transmission probability of the light. In this way, the path of light can be obtained by the MC method. From the distance and emission direction of a large number of lights passing through the film, the expected value of the emitted light field is calculated and the EMI SE is determined. The obtained results of SE are shown to be in good agreement with several sets of experimental data. This model also takes into account the influence of wrinkles of graphene. It is found that EMI SE first increases and then decreases with the increase of wrinkle. The effects of film thickness, conductivity, and dielectric constant on EMI SE in the X-band frequency range are also investigated.
Effects of Combining Occupationally Relevant Physical and Cognitive Tasks. A Systematic Review
Authors: Mixter Susanna , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Jahncke Helena , Hygge Staffan , Lyskov Eugene , Hallman David M , Lewis Charlotte 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesPhysical and cognitive tasks occur together in many occupations. Previous reviews of combined tasks have mainly focused on their effects in a sports context. This review investigated to which extent combinations (concurrent or alternating) of occupationally relevant physical and cognitive tasks influence responses reflecting biomechanical exposure, stress, fatigue, performance, and well-being.MethodsWe searched Scopus, Pubmed, Cinahl, and Psychinfo for controlled experiments investigating the effects of combinations of occupationally relevant physical and cognitive tasks in participants aged 18 to 70. In total, we identified 12 447 records. We added recent papers that had cited these studies (n = 573) to arrive at a total of 13 020 publications. After screening for relevance, 61 studies remained, of which 57 were classified to be of medium or high quality. Of the 57 studies, 51 addressed concurrent tasks, 5 alternating tasks, and 1 both concurrent and alternating tasks.ResultsMost studies of concurrent physical and cognitive tasks reported negative effects, if numerically small, on indicators of biomechanical exposure, fatigue, and performance, compared to a physical task alone. Results were mixed for stress indicators, and well-being was too little studied to justify any conclusions. Effects depended on the tasks, including their intensity and complexity. Alternating physical and cognitive tasks did not appear to influence outcomes much, compared to having passive breaks in-between physical tasks.ConclusionsThe reviewed evidence indicated that concurrent physical and cognitive work tasks have negative, yet small effects on biomechanical indicators, fatigue and performance, compared to performing the physical task alone, but only if the physical task is intense, and the cognitive task is complex. Alternating between physical and cognitive tasks may have similar effects as breaking up physical tasks by passive breaks, but studies were few. Future studies should address ecologically valid combinations of physical and cognitive tasks, in particular in controlled field studies devoted to the long-term effects of combined work.
Spatiotemporal behavior of predators and prey in an arid environment of Central Asia
Authors: Franchini Marcello , Atzeni Luciano , Lovari Sandro , Nasanbat Battogtokh , Ravchig Samiya , Herrador Francisco Ceacero , Bombieri Giovanni , Augugliaro Claudio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mechanisms of interactions between apex and smaller carnivores may range from competition to facilitation. Conversely, interactions between predators and prey are mainly driven by the prey reducing the likelihood of encounters with predators. In this study, we investigated (1) the spatiotemporal interactions between an apex (the snow leopard) and a meso-predator (the red fox), and (2) the temporal interactions between the snow leopard and its potential prey (Siberian ibex, argali, Asian wild ass, Tolai hare) through camera trapping in the Mongolian Great Gobi-A. The probability of occurrence for the red fox was higher in the presence of the snow leopard than in its absence. Moreover, the red fox activity pattern matched that of the snow leopard, with both species mostly active at sunset. This positive spatiotemporal interaction suggests that the presence of the snow leopard may be beneficial for the red fox in terms of scavenging opportunities. However, other explanations may also be possible. Amongst prey, the Siberian ibex and the argali were mainly active during the day, whereas the Asian wild ass and the Tolai hare were more nocturnal. These findings suggest that potential prey (especially the Siberian ibex and the argali) may shape their behavior to decrease the opportunity for encounters with the snow leopard. Our results have revealed complex interactions between apex and smaller predators and between apex predator and its potential prey.
Mal de Debarquement Syndrome explained by a vestibulo–cerebellar oscillator
Authors: Burlando Bruno , Mucci Viviana , Browne Cherylea J , Losacco Serena , Indovina Iole , Marinelli Lucio , Blanchini Franco , Giordano Giulia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mal de Debarquement Syndrome (MdDS) is a puzzling central vestibular disorder characterized by a long-lasting perception of oscillatory postural instability that may occur after sea travels or flights. We have postulated that MdDS originates from the post-disembarking persistence of an adaptive internal oscillator consisting of a loop system, involving the right and left vestibular nuclei, and the Purkinje cells of the right and left flocculonodular cerebellar cortex, connected by GABAergic and glutamatergic fibers. We have formulated here a mathematical model of the vestibulo–cerebellar loop system and carried out a computational analysis based on a set of differential equations describing the interactions among the loop elements and containing Hill functions that model input–output firing rates relationships among neurons. The analysis indicates that the system acquires a spontaneous and permanent oscillatory behavior for a decrease of threshold and an increase of sensitivity in neuronal input–output responses. These results suggest a role for synaptic plasticity in MdDS pathophysiology, thus reinforcing our previous hypothesis that MdDS may be the result of excessive synaptic plasticity acting on the vestibulo–cerebellar network during its entraining to an oscillatory environment. Hence, our study points to neuroendocrine pathways that lead to increased synaptic response as possible new therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of the disorder.
Modelling of the post-asymptotic giant branch phase as a tool to understand asymptotic giant branch evolution and nucleosynthesis
Authors: Kamath D , Dell’Agli F , Ventura P , Van Winckel H , Tosi S , Karakas A I 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We study a sample of single Galactic post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) stars with known surface chemical composition. Gaia  EDR3 and Gaia  DR3 parallaxes have enabled accurate determinations of the luminosities of these objects, thus making it possible to characterize them in terms of their initial masses, chemical compositions, and progenitor ages. We used extant evolutionary sequences of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars produced using the ATON stellar evolutionary code extended to the post-AGB phase, specifically for this study. The luminosity and surface carbon abundance together prove to be the most valuable indicator of the previous evolution and nucleosynthetic history of the star, particularly regarding the efficiency of mixing mechanisms and the growth of the core. This analysis allows us to place the post-AGB sample into classes based on their evolutionary history on the AGB. This includes low-mass objects that evolved as M-type stars without third dredge-up, carbon stars, and intermediate-mass AGB stars with hot bottom burning (HBB). Additionally, our analysis reveals that AGB nucleosynthesis is not homogeneous, even for stars with similar initial masses and metallicities. The approach of using observations of post-AGB stars to constrain AGB and post-AGB models shed new light on still debated issues related to the AGB evolution, such as the threshold mass required to become a C-star, the minimum mass for HBB and the amount of carbon that can be accumulated in the surface regions of the star during the AGB lifetime, as well as deep mixing experienced during the red giant branch phase.
On the ages of bright galaxies ∼500 Myr after the big bang: insights into star formation activity at z ≳ 15 with JWST
Authors: Whitler Lily , Endsley Ryan , Stark Daniel P , Topping Michael , Chen Zuyi , Charlot Stéphane 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
With JWST, new opportunities to study the evolution of galaxies in the early Universe are emerging. Spitzer constraints on rest-optical properties of z ≳ 7 galaxies demonstrated the power of using galaxy stellar masses and star formation histories (SFHs) to indirectly infer the cosmic star formation history. However, only the brightest individual z ≳ 8 objects could be detected with Spitzer, making it difficult to robustly constrain activity at z ≳ 10. Here, we leverage the greatly improved rest-optical sensitivity of JWST at z ≳ 8 to constrain the ages of seven UV-bright ($M_{\rm uv}\lesssim -19.5$) galaxies selected to lie at z ∼ 8.5–11, then investigate implications for z ≳ 15 star formation. We infer the properties of individual objects with two spectral energy distribution modelling codes, then infer a distribution of ages for bright z ∼ 8.5–11 galaxies. We find a median age of ∼20 Myr, younger than that inferred at z ∼ 7 with a similar analysis, consistent with an evolution towards larger specific star formation rates at early times. The age distribution suggests that only ∼3 per cent of bright z ∼ 8.5–11 galaxies would be similarly luminous at z ≳ 15, implying that the number density of bright galaxies declines by at least an order of magnitude between z ∼ 8.5–11 and $z \sim 15$. This evolution is challenging to reconcile with some early JWST results suggesting the abundance of bright galaxies does not significantly decrease towards very early times, but we suggest this tension may be eased if young stellar populations form on top of older stellar components, or if bright z ∼ 15 galaxies are observed during a burst of star formation.
Isolating the extreme debris disc signature – explorations of eccentric extreme debris discs formed by giant impacts
Authors: Lewis Thomas , Watt Lewis , Leinhardt Zoë M 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
In this work, we used N-body simulations and a radiative transfer package to model the evolution of eccentric debris discs produced by giant impacts between planetary embryos. This included how the morphology and infrared emission of these discs varied with embryo eccentricity and collision true anomaly. We found that eccentric discs inherit the eccentric properties of the centre of mass orbit of the two colliding embryos. However, the orientation of the collision with the respect to this orbit plays a key role in determining how closely the disc material resembles the centre of mass orbit. Additionally, we found that increased eccentricity acted to suppress the formation of certain short-term variations in the disc emission depending on the collision position. These short-term variations have been associated with an observational phenomenon called extreme debris discs. Short-term variability has been suggested as a potential signature for giant impacts.
Precession of magnetars: dynamical evolutions and modulations on polarized electromagnetic waves
Authors: Gao Yong , Shao Lijing , Desvignes Gregory , Jones David Ian , Kramer Michael , Yim Garvin 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Magnetars are conjectured to be highly magnetized neutron stars (NSs). Strong internal magnetic field and elasticity in the crust may deform the stars and lead to free precession. We study the precession dynamics of triaxially deformed NSs incorporating the near-field and the far-field electromagnetic torques. We obtain timing residuals for different NS geometries and torques. We also investigate the polarized X-ray and radio signals from precessing magnetars. The modulations on the Stokes parameters are obtained for thermal X-rays emitted from the surface of magnetars. For radio signals, we apply the simple rotating vector model (RVM) to give the modulations on the position angle (PA) of the polarization. Our results are comprehensive, ready to be used to search for magnetar precession with timing data and polarizations of X-ray and radio emissions. Future observations of precessing magnetars will give us valuable information on the geometry and the strength of the strong magnetic fields, the emission geometry, as well as the equation of state of NSs.
Where are the extremely metal-poor stars in the Milky Way and Andromeda? Expectations from TNG50
Authors: Chen Li-Hsin , Pillepich Annalisa , Glover Simon C O , Klessen Ralf S 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We analyse the location of extremely metal-poor stars (EMPs; [Fe/H] &lt; −3) in 198 Milky Way (MW)/M31-like galaxies at z = 0 in the TNG50 simulation. Each system is divided into four kinematically defined morphological stellar components based on stellar circularity and galactocentric distance, namely bulge, cold disc, warm disc, and stellar halo, in addition to satellites (with stellar mass $\ge 5\times 10^6\, {\rm M}_\odot$). According to TNG50 and across all simulated systems, the stellar halo of the main galaxy and satellites present the highest frequency of EMPs (largest MEMP, comp-to-Mtot, comp stellar mass ratio), and thus the highest chances of finding them. Such frequency is larger in lower-mass than high-mass satellites. Moreover, TNG50 predicts that the stellar halo of the main galaxy always hosts and thus contributes the majority of the EMPs of the system. Namely, it has the highest mass ratio of EMPs in it to all the EMPs in the system (largest MEMP, comp-to-MEMP(&lt; 300kpc)). However, notably, we also find that 33 MW/M31-like galaxies in TNG50 have cold discs that contribute more than 10 per cent to the total EMP mass, each with $\gtrsim 10^{6.5-7}\, {\rm M}_\odot$ of EMPs in cold circular orbits. These qualitative statements do not depend on the precise definition of EMP stars, i.e. on the adopted metallicity threshold. The results of this work provide a theoretical prediction for the location of EMP stars from both a spatial and kinematic perspective and across an unprecedented number of well-resolved MW/M31-like systems.
Dissipative magnetic structures and scales in small-scale dynamos
Authors: Brandenburg Axel , Rogachevskii Igor , Schober Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Small-scale dynamos play important roles in modern astrophysics, especially on galactic and extragalactic scales. Owing to dynamo action, purely hydrodynamic Kolmogorov turbulence hardly exists and is often replaced by hydromagnetic turbulence. Understanding the size of dissipative magnetic structures is important in estimating the time-scale of galactic scintillation and other observational and theoretical aspects of interstellar and intergalactic small-scale dynamos. Here we show that, during the kinematic phase of the small-scale dynamo, the cutoff wavenumber of the magnetic energy spectra scales as expected for large magnetic Prandtl numbers, but continues in the same way also for moderately small values – contrary to what is expected. For a critical magnetic Prandtl number of about 0.3, the dissipative and resistive cutoffs are found to occur at the same wavenumber. In the non-linearly saturated regime, the critical magnetic Prandtl number becomes unity. The cutoff scale now has a shallower scaling with magnetic Prandtl number below a value of about three, and a steeper one otherwise compared to the kinematic regime.