bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Modeling of Brachialis-to-Wrist Extensor Muscle Transfer Function for Daily Activities in Tetraplegia
Authors: Son Jongsang , Fridén Jan , Lieber Richard L. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
We recently reported a novel case demonstrating the feasibility of a brachialis (BRA)-to-extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon transfer, but it is not yet known whether this transfer provides robust functional results across activities. The purpose of this study was to use biomechanical modeling to define the functional capacity of the BRA-to-ECRB tendon transfer in terms of enabling the performance of several activities of daily living.

Methods:
A model of the transferred BRA-ECRB muscle-tendon unit was developed to calculate isometric elbow and wrist joint torque as a function of elbow and wrist angles resulting from different BRA reattachment locations from 50 to 80 mm proximal to the wrist joint crease. Using this model, mathematical optimization predicted the optimal location for BRA reattachment in order to perform each of a number of important upper extremity tasks as well as to calculate a global optimum for performing all of the tasks.

Results:
Analysis of active joint torque showed that the entire elbow torque-angle curve surface shifted “diagonally” toward elbow flexion and wrist extension as the attachment location approached the wrist joint; peak wrist torque was produced at extended wrist angles. Our model predicted that the optimal attachment location for each different task ranged from 54.3 to 74.6 mm proximal to the wrist joint, which is feasible given the anatomy of the muscle-tendon unit. The attachment location to optimize performing all tasks was calculated as 63.5 mm proximal to the wrist joint.

Conclusions:
This study clearly demonstrates that the BRA, which is underused as a donor in tetraplegia surgery, is an excellent donor muscle to provide wrist extension. Biomechanical simulation further highlighted the need to consider not only donor-muscle appropriateness but the patient’s desired function when planning surgical tendon transfers.

Clinical Relevance:
Quantitative evaluation of the way that surgery affects daily tasks rather than simply matching muscle properties may be a more appropriate approach for surgeons to use when choosing and tensioning donor muscles.
Pesquisa cientométrica da alocação de recursos públicos em diferentes campos do conhecimento
Authors: Mateus Gavron Thiago , Menezes Elaine Cristina de Oliveira , Maury Raupp Fabiano 
Published: July 2022

Objetivo da pesquisa: Analisar comparativamente quais diferentes campos de conhecimento têm se dedicado ao estudo das dimensões do processo alocativo.
Enquadramento teórico: O estudo compreende a alocação de recursos públicos como as diferentes formas e sistemas de deliberações políticas sobre o processo de criação e distribuição de riquezas da sociedade, que se consubstanciam no orçamento e no planejamento público sob duas dimensões: sociopolítica e econômico-financeira.
Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura de escopo a partir de metadados, aplicando sobre eles análises estatísticas relacionais de pesquisa bibliográfica. Demonstrou-se as características do tópico de estudo escolhido por meio de recursos cientométricos a partir de um fluxo metodológico sistemático. Foram investigados metadados de 3438 artigos, publicados entre 2016 e 2021, presentes na Web of Science, analisados no software VOS Viewer, buscando identificar nessa literatura linhas mestras e lacunas mais visíveis nos diferentes campos do conhecimento.
Resultados: Os estudos enfatizam a dimensão econômico-financeira. Todavia, percebem-se mudanças, em especial, em pesquisas de países europeus e norte-americanos, que têm revelado preocupação com questões socioambientais, ancoradas na dimensão sociopolítica do processo alocativo.
Originalidade: Trata-se de um estudo cuja revisão de escopo é inédita, sobretudo, por considerar uma visão ampla do processo de alocação de recursos públicos em diferentes campos do conhecimento.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: É salutar a concentração de esforços para o entendimento da temática da alocação de recursos públicos no sentido de verificar quais campos têm produzido estudos sobre suas possibilidades e se tais estudos têm incorporado as diferentes dimensões do processo alocativo. Nessa direção, a pesquisa contribui a partir do momento em que apresenta o que se tem publicado, quem os artigos cocitam, onde publicam, bem como a agenda de pesquisa que tem sido construída.
Emprendimientos mapuchizados: una aproximación a la apropiación cultural de identidades mapuche en redes sociales
Authors: Maliqueo Orellana Victoria 
Published: July 2022

En el presente artículo, doy cuenta de los resultados de la investigación de carácter etnográfico digital en la que realicé una revisión y sistematización de la emergencia de un número considerable de diversos emprendimientos en Instagram tras el estallido social en Chile (2019), que constató el uso de repertorios mapuches como identidad comercial, de manera sobresaliente en comparación con otras décadas.
La pregunta que propuse responder fue ¿cuáles son las expresiones de apropiación cultural de la identidad mapuche de emprendimientos de Instagram no pertenecientes a este pueblo, en Chile, en el periodo posterior al estallido social? El objetivo consistió en identificar publicaciones que manifestaran expresiones de apropiación cultural, tipificarlas y entender el carácter de sus narraciones; establecer comparaciones y analizar perfiles de acuerdo con las publicaciones.
Para ello, trabajé con el método etnográfico digital, revisando esta red social y seleccionando publicaciones de emprendimientos, y realizando entrevistas en profundidad de forma remota a emprendedores mapuches y efectuando un focus group virtual mixto compuesto por diferentes personas, mapuches y no mapuches, diversidad que me permitió acceder a distintos puntos de vista sobre el tema. En tanto, en la propuesta teórica destaco la revisión de autores referentes a la apropiación cultural y etnicidad, como perspectivas que expongo con la finalidad de establecer una visión que complejice este escenario, donde los límites entre la valorización de una cultura otra como la mapuche y la instrumentalización comercial son difusos.
Interactions between Glossina pallidipes Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus and tsetse endosymbionts in wild tsetse populations
Authors: Dieng Mouhamadou M. , Augustinos Antonios A. , Demirbas-Uzel Güler , Doudoumis Vangelis , Parker Andrew G. , Tsiamis George , Mach Robert L. , Bourtzis Kostas , Abd-Alla Adly M. M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Tsetse control is considered an effective and sustainable tactic for the control of cyclically transmitted trypanosomosis in the absence of effective vaccines and inexpensive, effective drugs. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is currently used to eliminate tsetse fly populations in an area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) context in Senegal. For SIT, tsetse mass-rearing is a major milestone that associated microbes can influence. Tsetse flies can be infected with micro-organisms, including the primary and obligate Wigglesworthia glossinidia, the commensal Sodalis glossinidius, and Wolbachia pipientis. In addition, tsetse populations often carry a pathogenic DNA virus, the Glossina pallidipes Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus (GpSGHV) that hinders tsetse fertility and fecundity. Interactions between symbionts and pathogens might affect the performance of the insect host.
Methods
In the present study, we assessed associations of GpSGHV and tsetse endosymbionts under field conditions to decipher the possible bidirectional interactions in different Glossina species. We determined the co-infection pattern of GpSGHV and Wolbachia in natural tsetse populations. We further analyzed the interaction of both Wolbachia and GpSGHV infection with Sodalis and Wigglesworthia density using qPCR.
Results
The results indicated that the co-infection of GpSGHV and Wolbachia was most prevalent in Glossina austeni and Glossina morsitans morsitans, with an explicit significant negative correlation between GpSGHV and Wigglesworthia density. GpSGHV infection levels of more than 103.31 seems to be absent when Wolbachia infection was present at high density (> 107.36, suggesting a potential protective role of Wolbachia against GpSGHV.
Conclusion
The result indicates that Wolbachia infection might interact (with an undefined mechanism) antagonistically with SGHV infection protecting tsetse fly against GpSGHV, and the interactions between the tsetse host and its associated microbes are dynamic, likely species-specific and significant differences may exist between laboratory and field conditions.
Assessment of Quality of Ground Water Body of Neelangarai and Triplicane Area in Chennai, Tamil Nadu in the Post Inundation Circumstances
Authors: Rajendran A. , Mansiya C. , Shanmuganathan M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although flood hit the entire part of Chennai, Tamil nadu some three years ago, the quality of water is still found to be worse because of major inundation in these areas. The current inspection deals with the physico-chemical analysis of the ground water samples collected from ten locations in Neelangarai and Triplicane area in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and assessed using Heber Water Quality Index (HWQI) in the post tsunami circumstances. The factors examined were pH, fecal coliform, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and turbidity. In addition to these parameters, pointers like electrical conductivity and salinity were also taken into consideration. The overall HWQI outcomes for all the trials in Neelangarai area were determined between 65.02 and 72.25 and Triplicane area was 66.64 - 70.71, which suggest that all the samples are medium to good in quality and could use for human consumption.
Impact of a disability-targeted livelihoods programme in Bangladesh: Study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of STAR+
Authors: Banks Lena Morgon , Das Narayan , Davey Calum , Adiba Afsana , Ali M Mahzuz , Shakespeare Tom , Fleming Coral , Kuper Hannah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
There is little evidence on the impact of livelihood interventions amongst people with disabilities. Effective programmes are critical for reducing the heightened risk of poverty and unemployment facing persons with disabilities. STAR + is a skills development and job placement programme targeted to out-of-school youth with disabilities (ages 14–35) living in poverty. It is a disability-targeted adaptation to an existing, effective intervention (STAR), which has been designed to address barriers to decent work for people with disabilities. This protocol describes the design of a cluster randomised controlled trial of STAR + in 39 of the 64 districts of Bangladesh.
Methods
BRAC has identified 1,500 youth with disabilities eligible for STAR + across its 91 branch offices (typically a geographical areas covering about 8 km radius from local BRAC office) catchment areas (clusters). BRAC has limited funding to deliver STAR + and so 45 of the 91 branches have been randomly allocated to implement STAR+ (intervention arm). The remaining 46 branches will not deliver STAR + at this time (control arm). Participants in the control-arm will receive usual care, meaning they are free to enrol in any other livelihood programmes run by BRAC or other organisations including standard STAR (being run in 15 control branches). The cRCT will assess the impact of STAR + after 12 months on employment status and earnings (primary outcomes), as well as poverty, participation and quality of life (secondary outcomes). Analysis will be through intention-to-treat, with a random effect at cluster level to account for the clustered design. Complementary qualitative research with participants will be conducted to triangulate findings of the cRCT, and a process evaluation will assess implementation fidelity, mechanisms of impact and the role of contextual factors in shaping variations in outcomes.
Discussion
This trial will provide evidence on the impact of a large-scale, disability-targeted intervention. Knowledge on the effectiveness of programmes is critical for informing policy and programming to address poverty and marginalisation amongst this group. Currently, there is little robust data on the effectiveness of livelihood programmes amongst people with disabilities, and so this trial will fill an important evidence gap.
Trial registration:
This study has been registered with the Registry for International Development Impact Evaluations, (RIDIE Study ID: 6238114b481ad) on February 25, 2022 and the ISRCTN Registry (ID: ISRCTN15742977).
Midgut volvulus adds a neutrophil-driven model of murine sepsis to the experimental hyperinflammation toolbox
Authors: Boettcher Michael , Kiwit Antonia , Lenz Moritz , Rohde Holger , Börnigen Daniela , Alawi Malik , Mohr Christoph , Raluy Laia Pagerols , Trochimiuk Magdalena , Knopf Jasmin , Reinshagen Konrad , Herrmann Martin , Elrod Julia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background:
Severe infections that culminate in sepsis are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite continuous efforts in basis science and clinical research, evidence based-therapy is mostly limited to basic causal and supportive measures. Adjuvant therapies, often remain without clear evidence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the volvulus-sepsis model and to compare it with two established murine sepsis models.
Methods:
The technique of the murine model of midgut volvulus was optimized and was compared to two established models of murine sepsis, namely ceacal ligation and puncture (CLP) and i.p. Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Results:
Midgut volvulus for 15 minutes caused a comparable mortality (40%) as CLP (55%) and peritoneal LPS injection (25%) at 48h. Oxidative stress was comparable, cfDNA, and splenic/hepatic and pulmonary translocation of bacteria were decreased and increased, respectively. DNases were increased compared to the established models. Proteomic analysis revealed Epo, IL1b, Prdx5, Parp1, Ccl2 and IL6 to be upregulated at 48h in comparison to the healthy controls.
Discussion and Conclusion:
Midgut volvulus is a stable and physiological model for sepsis. Depending on the duration and subsequent tissue damage, it represents a combination of ischemia-reperfusion injury and hyperinflammation.
Increasing Occupancy Levels in an Operating Room Environment Increases Detectable Ambient CO 2 Concentrations
Authors: Carroll Gregory T. , Kirschman David L. , Mammana Angela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The air in an operating room becomes more contaminated as the occupancy of the room increases. Individuals residing in a room can potentially emit infectious agents. In order to inhibit and better understand the epidemiology of surgical site infections, it is important to develop procedures to track room occupancy level and respiration. Exhaled CO2 provides a respiratory byproduct that can be tracked with IR light and is associated with human occupancy. Exhaled CO2 can also be used as an indirect measure of the potential release and level of infectious airborne agents. We show that non-dispersive infrared CO2 sensors can be used to detect CO2 in operating room air flow conditions of 20 air changes per hour and a positive pressure of 0.03 in. H2O. The CO2 concentration increased consecutively for occupation levels of one to four individuals, from approximately 65 ppm above the background level when one individual occupied the operating room for twenty minutes to approximately 300 ppm above the background when four individuals were present for twenty minutes. The amount of CO2 detected increases as the number of occupants increase, the activity level increases, the residency time increases and when the ventilation level is reduced.
Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Basilar Artery Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Malik Abid , MBBCh Brian Drumm , D’Anna Lucio , Brooks Isabelle , Low Benjamin , Raha Oishik , Shabbir Khawar , Vittay Orsolya , Kwan Joseph , Brown Zoe , Halse Omid , Jamil Sohaa , Kalladka Dheeraj , Venter Marius , Jenkins Harri , Rane Neil , Singh Abhinav , Patel Maneesh , Hall Charles , Fatania Gavin , Roi Dylan , Lobotesis Kyriakos , Banerjee Soma 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The evidence for mechanical thrombectomy in acute basilar artery occlusion has until now remained inconclusive with basilar artery strokes associated with high rates of death and disability. This systematic review and meta-analysis will summarize the available evidence for the effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy in acute basilar artery occlusion compared to best medical therapy.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed and presented in conformity with the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) to test the primary hypothesis that mechanical thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion is associated with a different rate of good neurological outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤ 3) at day 90. Secondary outcomes included mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and excellent functional outcome (mRS ≤ 2). We calculated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to summarize the effect estimates for each outcome.
Results
We performed a random effects (Mantel-Haenszel) meta-analysis of the four included randomized controlled trials comprising a total of 988 participants. We found a statistically significant improvement in the rates of those with a good functional outcome (mRS 0–3, RR 1.54, 1.16–2.06, p = 0.003) and an excellent functional outcome (mRS 0–2, RR 1.69, 1.05–2.71, p = 0.03) in those who were treated with thrombectomy when compared to best medical therapy alone. Thrombectomy was associated with a higher level of sICH (RR 7.12, 2.16–23.54, p = 0.001) but this was not reflected in a higher mortality rate, conversely the mortality rate was significantly lower in the intervention group (RR 0.76, 0.65–0.89, p = 0.0004).
Conclusions
Our meta-analysis of the recently presented randomized controlled studies is the first to confirm the disability and mortality benefit of mechanical thrombectomy in basilar artery stroke.
Impact of Interface Trap Charges and Temperature on the Performance of Extended Source Double Gate TFET
Authors: Dharmender  , Nigam Kaushal , Kumar Satyendra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the reliability of the extended source double gate tunnel field-effect transistor (ESDG-TFET) by considering the effect of the fixed donor (positive) and acceptor (negative) interface trap charges (ITCs) at the silicon-SiO2 interface and temperature variations ranging from 300K to 480K, on the DC, analog/radio frequency (RF), linearity and harmonic distortion performance parameters. A comparative analysis has been performed between conventional stack gate oxide double gate TFET (SGO-DG-TFET) and ESDG-TFET with similar dimensions. Different performance metrics such as transfer characteristics, parasitic capacitances, gain-bandwidth product (GBP), unity gain frequency (fT), transit time, transconductance frequency product (TFP), and linearity distortion performance parameters such as 2nd and 3rd order transconductance coefficients (gm2, gm3), 2nd and 3rd order voltage intercept points (VIP2, VIP3), 3rd order input intercept point, intermodulation distortion parameters (IIP3, IMD3), and 1dB compression point have been investigated. Moreover, 2nd and 3rd order harmonic distortions (HD2, HD3) and total harmonic distortion (THD) are investigated using technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations. The Tables 2, 3 and 4 show that in terms of percentage variation, ESDG-TFET exhibits less variation as compared to SGO-DG-TFET, which indicates that the ESDG-TFET is more immune to ITCs and temperature variations. Thus, ESDG-TFET can be used for low power switching and analog/RF and high temperature applications.
Modulation of mouse laryngeal inflammatory and immune cell responses by low and high doses of mainstream cigarette smoke
Authors: Easwaran Meena , Martinez Joshua D. , Kim Juyong Brian , Erickson-DiRenzo Elizabeth 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for laryngeal diseases. Despite well-documented cigarette smoke (CS) induced laryngeal histopathological changes, the underlying immunopathological mechanisms remain largely unexplored. The goal of this study was to evaluate inflammatory and immune cell responses in a CS-exposed larynx. Specifically, we used a 4-week subacute whole-body CS inhalation mouse model to assess these responses in the laryngeal mucosa upon exposure to low (LD; 1 h/day) and high dose (HD; 4 h/day) CS. Laryngeal tissues were harvested and evaluated using a 254-plex NanoString inflammation panel and neutrophil/macrophage/T-cell immunohistochemistry (IHC). NanoString global and differential gene expression analysis revealed a unique expression profile only in the HD group, with 26 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs). StringDB KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of these DEGs with proinflammatory pathways including TNF and IL-17. Furthermore, inflammatory responses remained inhibited in conjunction with predicted activated states of anti-inflammatory regulators like PPARG and NFE2L2 upon Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Neutrophil/macrophage/T-cell recruitment responses remained inhibited as corroborated by IHC outcomes. Overall, our key findings are consistent with HD exposures being anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive. Furthermore, the identification of important regulatory genes, and enriched pathways may help improve clinical interventions for CS-induced laryngeal diseases.