bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognizing the relationship between the groundwater level and hydrological time-series: a case study of the Ardabil Plain
Authors: Daneshvar Vousoughi Farnaz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Two approaches were used in the Ardabil Plain to determine the relationship between hydrological time-series (rainfall and runoff) and the groundwater level (GWL). The wavelet-entropy measure (WEM) and the wavelet transform coherence (WTC) were used as two approaches of the wavelet transform (WT). The WEM was considered as a criterion for the degree of fluctuation of the time-series and the WTC represents a common time–frequency space. In the calculation of the WEM, the monthly rainfall, runoff, and the GWL time-series were divided into three different time periods and decomposed into several frequent time-series. Wavelet energies were then calculated for each sub-series. The WEM results show a decrease in rainfall, runoff, and the GWL. The reduction in the WEM represents the reduction in the natural variation of the time-series. The reduction of entropy for runoff, rainfall, and the GWL time-series was about 1.58, 1.36, and 29%, respectively. It can be concluded that the reduction in the fluctuation of the hydrological time-series has relatively little effect on the oscillation patterns of the GWL signal. In this regard, it could be concluded that human activities such as pumping water from wells play a main role in reducing the GWL in the Ardabil Plain. The WTC results show that runoff has the highest coherence (0.9–1) among hydrological variables with the GWL time-series in the frequency bands of 4–8 and 8–16 months.
Patterns of Amino Acid Properties Around Mitochondrial Signal Peptidase I Cleavage-Sites
Authors: Schneider Gisbert , Grammel Oliver , Todt Tilman , Wrede Paul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Target sequences of ntitochondrial signal peptidase I from Neurospora crassa and human nuclear­ encoded matrix precursor proteins were analyzed for characteristic motifs. The distributions of positively charged and hydrophobic residues reveal predominant patterns. Differences between human and Neurospora crassa cleavage-sites seem to exist for position -2 and around position -5. Based on property histograms putative cleavage-site sequences were constructed de novo.
Functional Characterization of the Adenovirus Proteinase Using Fluorogenic Substrates
Authors: Diouri Mounir , Geoghegan Kieran F. , Weber Joseph M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Continuous fluorometric assays with two different substrates have been used to extend functional characterization of the thiol proteinase from adenovirus. Among the effects studied have been those of NaCI
concentration, the addition of DNA and the putative activating peptide pVIct. In addition, it was shown that the specific activities of both wild-type enzyme and a mutant proteinase from a form of the virus in which
maturation is temperature-sensitive were elevated by a similar factor at the nonpermissive temperature of 39°C. This observation supported an earlier demonstration that the mutant proteinase from the temperature-sensitive (ts) form of the virus is not temperature-sensitive in vitro. It is consistent with the concept that temperature­ sensitivity arises from a fault in protein trafficking at nonpermissive temperatures.
A Possible Function of the Flaps of Aspartic Proteases: The Capture of Substrate Side Chains Determines the Specificity of Cleavage Positions
Authors: Tang Jordan , Koelsch Gerald 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
A major function is proposed for the flaps of aspartic proteases. In a free enzyme with opep. flaps, the conserved flap residues, Tyr75 in eukaryotic aspartic proteases and Ile50 in HIV protease, 'capture' side chains of substrates by hydrophobic interaction, which results in placing the interacting substrate side chains in the S1 or S1' pocket for hydrolysis. This mechanism is highly efficient in determining the specificity of cleavage sites.
Antimicrobial Peptides: An Overview of their Structure, Function and
Mechanism of Action
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xu Lijun , Dong Chunming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
In recent years, the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has become an increasing
public health threat. Finding alternatives to antibiotics may be an effective solution to the problem
of drug resistance. Antimicrobial peptides are small peptides produced by various organisms that
are considered to be effective antibiotic substitutes because of their strong, broad-spectrum
antibacterial activity, stability, and diversity, and because target strains do not easily develop
resistance. Recent research on antimicrobial peptides has shown they have broad potential for
applications in medicine, agriculture, food, and animal feed. The source, classification, acquisition
methods, and mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides are very complex. This review
presents an overview of research on the sources, isolation, expression and purification, and
classification of antimicrobial peptides; the relationship between their structural conformation and
function; their mechanisms of action; and application prospects.
Bioadhesive Nanoparticles as Potent Drug Delivery Carriers
Authors: Rençber Seda , Bülbül Ece Ö. , Senyigit Zeynep A. , Okur Neslihan Ü. , Siafaka Panoraia I. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
In recent years, numerous scientists have gained interest in nanotechnology-
based systems, especially for biomedical applications. Then, nanocarriers
present tunable abilities and can be easily functionalized to target specific epithelial cells,
tissues, and organs, while various materials can be chosen and generate nanosized particles.
At present, nanoparticles that possess bioadhesion have been studied as potent drug
carriers since they can easily penetrate and target organs.

Objective:
Aim of this study was to explore the various applications of the bioadhesive
nanoparticles found in the literature.

Methods:
Authors have studied the literature finding that bioadhesive nanoparticles can
be administered via routes such as oral, topical, ocular, dermal, vaginal, etc., according to
the clinician’s opinion and treatment choice. Therefore, the knowledge of general characteristics
of bioadhesive nanoparticles, the bioadhesion theory, and other properties of
nanoparticles should be known for developing innovative bioadhesive drug nanocarriers.

Results:
In this review article, the authors state the current knowledge of theories. In addition,
the present categories of nanoparticles and their basic characteristics are also discussed.
Finally, the biomedical applications of bioadhesive nanocarriers and the several
administration routes are extensively reviewed.

Conclusion:
The review article aims to cover the most current bioadhesive nanoparticles
for drug delivery to assist any scientist who desires to study or develop innovative bioadhesive
formulations.
The Effect of Calycosin-7-O-β-D-Glucoside and its Synergistic Augmentation of
Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis in SK-OV-3 Cells
Authors: Huang Jin-Zhi , Li Liang-Liang , Tan Xiao-Yu , Wu Zhao-Yi , Chen Dan-Wei , Luo Xin 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
This study aims to examine the synergetic augmentation of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside
(CG) on cisplatin (CDDP) to induce apoptosis of human epithelial ovarian SK-OV-3 cancer cells.

Methods:
The SK-OV-3 cells were divided into four groups: control, CDDP monotherapy, CG monotherapy,
and combined CDDP and CG treatment. The cell counting kit-8 method detected cell proliferation at different
times and under different treatments. Hoechst 33258 staining and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide double
staining methods were used to observe the apoptosis of the SK-OV-3 cells. The caspase-3 enzyme activity detection
method, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and western blot were used to detect
the apoptosis-related factors and the activities of the enzyme in SK-OV-3 cells.

Results:
The inhibition rates of SK-OV-3 cell proliferation when exposed to 10 μM of CDDP, 50 μM of CG,
and a combination of 10 μM of CDDP and 50 μM of CG were 23.2% ± 1.1%, 26.7% ± 2.0%, and 46.7% ±
1.3% after 48 h, respectively. Following the use of the drug combination, the apoptosis rate and caspase-3 enzyme
activity were significantly higher than in the single-drug treatment group; the data differences were also
significant (p < 0.05). At the protein and ribonucleic acid levels, CG significantly enhanced the effect of CDDP
on p53, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, and Bcl-2.

Conclusion:
In vitro, CG significantly increases the CDDP-induced apoptosis of the SK-OV-3 cells through the
p53 pathway at the cellular level. In addition, using the drugs in combination reduces the toxicity and side effects
caused by using CDDP alone.
Nanocrystals: An Approachable Delivery System for Anticancer Therapeutics
Authors: Khairnar Pooja , Handa Mayank , Shukla Rahul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Cancer accounts for the high mortality rate and limits the life expectancy of an individual. As per the
WHO report of 2020, cancer accounts for >10 million deaths globally. Scientists are continuously pitching toward
the development of novel techniques to combat this menace and enhance the efficacy of prevailing molecules. In the
early phases of the drug development process, >40% of promising new therapeutic molecules are hydrophobic. Low
aqueous solubility results in compromised bioavailability on administration. This limitation is a major drawback for
the therapeutic use of anticancer drugs. Drug nanocrystals (NCs) have sparked a lot of interest in drug delivery. This
might be due to their excellent physicochemical characteristics like tailored dissolution, high drug loading efficiency,
extended circulation period, and high structural stability. There are ‘n’ a number of the characteristics that make drug
nanocrystals a promising formulation for the treatment of cancer. In the last few years, many hydrophobic or lipophilic
drugs like camptothecin, paclitaxel, cyclosporin, busulfan, and thymectacin have been formulated as drug
nanocrystals against anticancer therapeutics. Various formulation technologies have been developed in conjunction
with nanocrystal development. This includes top-down approaches, bottom-up approaches, as well as combination
technology. In this article, we will focus on the various manufacturing processes, biological fate and therapeutic
applications of NCs, and future perspectives in the management of cancer.
Overview of Advancement in Biosensing Technology, Including its
Applications in Healthcare
Authors: Deshmukh Rohitas , Mishra Sakshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Clinical analysis necessitates using rapid and dependable diagnostic methodologies and
approaches. Biomarkers may be an appropriate choice to fulfill this objective, as they are designed
uncomplicated in use, specialized for the desired metabolite, susceptible to ongoing analysis and
providing excellent outcomes, relatively affordable in the budget, and easily accessible. Biosensing
devices are increasingly extensively utilized for treatment, and therefore a variety of applications
such as prudence treatment and illness advancement surveillance, environment sensing,
product standard, medicine development, toxicology, and scientific engineering. Biosensors can
be developed using a wide variety of ways. Its combination with high-affinity macromolecules
enables them to monitor a diverse variety of solutes in a specific as well as responsive manner.
Enhanced sensing innovation leads to the detection of infection as well as the monitoring of people's
reactions after treatment. Sensing tools are essential for a range of low and better implantable
implants. Nanosensors offer a lot of prospects because they are simple, flexible, yet economical to
develop. This article presents a detailed overview of breakthroughs in the subject and demonstrations
of the variety of biosensors and the extension of nanoscience and nanotechnology methodologies
that are applicable today.
Role and Therapeutic Potential of RAGE Signaling in Neurodegeneration
Authors: Pehar Mariana , Kinscherf Noah Alexander 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been shown to play an active role in the development of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alz-heimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Although originally iden-tified as a receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE is a pattern recognition receptor able to bind multiple ligands. The final outcome of RAGE signaling is defined in a context and cell type specific manner and can exert both neurotoxic and neuroprotective functions. Contributing to the complexity of the RAGE signaling network, different RAGE isoforms with distinctive signaling capabilities have been described. Moreover, multiple RAGE ligands bind other receptors and RAGE antagonism can significantly affect their signaling. Here, we discuss the outcome of cell-type specific RAGE signaling in neurodegenerative pathologies. In addition, we will review the dif-ferent approaches that have been developed to target RAGE signaling and their therapeutic poten-tial. A clear understanding of the outcome of RAGE signaling in a cell type- and disease-specific manner would contribute to advancing the development of new therapies targeting RAGE. The abil-ity to counteract RAGE neurotoxic signaling while preserving its neuroprotective effects would be critical for the success of novel therapies targeting RAGE signaling.
Development and Validation of A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-
Mass Spectroscopy Assay for the Bioequivalence Study of
Guanfacine Extended Release (GXR) Tablet in Human Plasma
Authors: Zou Qiaogen , Wang Jinying 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Guanfacine, an α2-adrenergic (α2A) agonist long indicated to treat hypertension, is now being used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents. A simple rapid high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method to detect and quantify guanfacine provides a basis for studying its bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics in human plasma. This assay involves quantitation of guanfacine using its stable isotope labeled internal standard (IS) guanfacine-13C-15N3, without impact of ion suppression in plasma matrix. Electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were used for guanfacine and guanfacine-13C-15N3 at the transitions m/z 246.1→60.1 and m/z 250.0→159.1 respectively. The sample preparation is optimized in this method with an accurate and simple protein precipitation method employing methanol. Linearity was demonstrated over within the range of 0.0500-10.0 ng/mL for guanfacine in plasma with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The method showed excellent reproducibility, Aaccuracy (Relative Error) of the method ranged from -2.897.2% to 108.98.9% even at the the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), and total precision, expressed as the coefficient of variation, was between 1.6% and 10.5%. The average recoveries of guanfacine at three spiked levels of 0.150, 1.00 and 7.50 ng/mL waswere 103.93%, 97.91% and 100.22%, respectively. The validated method was applied successfully to a bioequivalence study of a fixed-dose of extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride (GXR) tablet (Test formulation) and Intuniv® (Reference formulation) in Chinese healthy subjects, 42 subjects under fasting condition and 30 subjects under feeding condition. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 3.2.8, and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax for guanfacine were all within 80.00-125.00%, suggesting that the two formulations were bioequivalent in terms of rate and extent of absorption.
Role of Nanobacteria in the Development of Nephrolithiasis: A Systematic
Study
Authors: Samarghandian Saeed , Alemzadeh Effat , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Aschner Michael , Pourbagher-Shahri Ali Mohammad , Alemzadeh Esmat , Salehinia Hamid , Ranjbar Garmroodi Bardia Zamani , Bideh Milad , Abedi Farshid 
Published: June 2022

Background & aims:
Nanobacteria are unconventional agents that are 100-fold smaller than common bacteria. It has been hypothesized that nanobacteria are responsible for kidney stone formation. This systematic review was designed to address this question related to the role of nanobacteria in the development of nephrolithiasis.

Method:
Keywords related to nanobacteria and nephrolithiasis on MeSH were identified and were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science until Oct 2021. The full text of identified papers was obtained and assessed based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. The review is based on articles that have focused on the role of nanobacteria in nephrolithiasis.

Result:
A total of 17 studies were identified based on the inclusion criteria; however, nine studies qualified for this systematic review. The findings of the 9 articles indicated the role of nanobacteria in nephrolithiasis. After assessing the quality of the study, 7 papers were included in this systematic study.

Conclusion:
Regarding the limitation of the short number of evidence to recognize how nanobacteria cause kidney stones, nevertheless it is obvious that high concentrations of nanobacteria are directly related to initiating crystal nucleation in the kidney and lead to nephrolithiasis; some variables like physiochemical factors, gender and so on could certainly affect crystallization in kidneys. Also, therapeutic decisions for these issues are limited to antibiotics. our findings by focusing on the impact of nanobacteria on kidneys bring a new overview to the study of the factors related to them.
Can Nanobubble Ozone Liposomes be a New Agent in the Fight Against
Foodborne Infections?
Authors: Alkan Perihan Erkan , Güneş Mesut Ertan , Sabanci Ahmet Ümit 
Published: June 2022

Backrounds:
In our study, a nanoparticle liposome molecule with patent application number TR2021004032 was used, and the Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) was found to be 1562 ppm. According to the ASTM F 1980 standard, it has been determined that the nanoparticle liposome solution kept at 37 days and 55 oC in return for one-year stability preserves its effectiveness. Our study aimed to show that the newly developed solution maintains its effectiveness for a long time.

Methods:
In this study, a nanobubble ozone liposome solution containing 2% ZnCl2 was used. The aging tests were conducted according to the ASTM F 1980 [1] standards. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) level of the nanobubble ozone liposome solution with 2% ZnCl2 was determined as 1.562 ppm for strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) by the CLSI M07 A9 [2] standard test method. To assess the time-dependent antibacterial effect of the nanobubble liposome solution with 2% ZnCl2, the solution’s efficiency at a concentration of 2000 ppm and for different time intervals was tested on strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (ATCC® 14028™) and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC® 7644™).

Results:
The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the strains of S. enterica subsp. enterica started at the end of the 10th minute and the solution was effective after 30 minutes. For strains of L. monocytogenes, it was observed that the activity started at the end of the 2nd minute and the product was effective after the 10th minute. According to the ASTM F 1980 standards, it was found that the nanobubble ozone liposome solution retained its effectiveness in one-year stability tests.

Conclusion:
As a result, the nanoparticle liposome solution, a new product, does not lose its stability and effectiveness for a long time, contrary to what is known. Although the half-life of gaseous ozone is as short as 20 minutes, the stability in the nanoparticle liposome solution has been determined as at least one year. Since nanoparticle liposome solution is a natural and slow-release product, nanobubble ozone liposome solution with 2% ZnCl2 may be used as a newly developed agent against contaminations in food processing facilities caused by biofilm-forming microorganisms through the use in disinfections of surfaces that are in direct contact with food products.
Recent Updates on the Pharmacological Potential of Plant-based Rutin
Authors: Pandey Abhay K. , Pandey Akanksha , Kumar Ramesh , Mishra Amita , Pandey Akhilesh 
Published: June 2022

Backgrounds:
Flavonoids have been found to be beneficial in the treatment of several
diseases owing to their intense biological activity, bioavailability, and safety aspects. Rutin, an important
polyphenolic flavonoid, is consumed on a daily basis in the diet. Rutin, also known as vitamin
P and quercetin-3-O- rutinoside, is a nontoxic and non-oxidizable molecule. It is present in
vegetables, food items, and beverages.

Objectives:
The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the medicinal
attributes, metabolism, biological and pharmacological activities, and mechanisms of action of rutin.
Limitations and future prospects on rutin related research are also described.

Methods:
Various search engines and databases were used for literature search with keyword combinations
including rutin, antioxidant, pharmacological efficacy, bioavailability, clinical studies, and
molecular targets.

Results:
A wide range of in vitro and in vivo studies on rutin suggested its potential biological and
pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic,
renoprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and anticancer activities. Rutin exhibited the
drug action by modulating various signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT pathway, β-catenin
signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, and apoptotic pathways.

Conclusion:
The available data suggest the potential therapeutic utility of rutin against a diverse
number of disorders, mainly derived from its antioxidant activity and the modulation of signaling
pathways. Further, it helps in minimizing the side effects of the therapy for the treatment of several
chronic diseases. Thus promising activities of rutin make it a potent drug candidate.
Structural and Electrical Properties of CuS Nanoparticles and PPy/CuS
Hybrid Nanocomposite Chemically Synthesized by Facile Approach
Authors: Taunk Manish , Singh Narinder 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
In the present study, cupric sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized
in deionized (DIW) water using an eco-benign, simple, and cost-effective chemical route
that requires no surfactant or template.

Methods:
Polypyrrole/cupric sulfide (PPy/CuS) hybrid nanocomposite (HNC) was synthesized
using an in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization method in the presence of obtained CuS NPs.
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the hexagonal structure of CuS, whose crystalline
nature was preserved in the HNC. For CuS NPs and PPy/CuS HNC, elastic properties, such
as intrinsic microstrain, internal stress, dislocation density, strain energy density, stacking faults,
and intercrystalline separation, were used to analyze the crystal imperfections and distortions.

Results:
Field emission scanning electron spectroscopy (FESEM) micrographs revealed that CuS
NPs and PPy/CuS HNC have particulate and globular morphology, respectively. The values of
the average intrinsic strain, dislocation density, internal stresses, and strain energy density of
PPy/CuS HNC were estimated to be ~2 × 10-3, ~8.8166 × 1015 m-2, 164.263 MPa, and 127.278 KJ
m−3, respectively, which were observed to be higher than those of CuS NPs.

Conclusion:
The DC electrical conductivity of as-synthesized samples was measured at room
temperature in pelletized form, using the standard four-probe method, and conductivity values
were estimated to be ~480 Scm-1 and ~4 Scm-1 for CuS NPs and PPy/CuS HNC, respectively.