bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Frequency-Dependent Storage and Loss Shear Moduli at kHz Frequencies using Optical Coherence Elastography
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Lefevre Victor , Balogun Oluwaseyi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nondestructive viscoelastic characterization of soft elastomers and biological materials is crucial to the development of functional elastomeric devices or understanding physiological responses of biomaterials to mechanical stimuli. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) methods based on stress waves have been demonstrated to be capable of measuring viscoelastic properties of soft materials at several kHz. However, most studies rely on single relaxation rheological models to account for viscoelasticity, which may not accurately describe material behaviors over a large frequency range. This work aimed at developing an optical coherence elastography (OCE) based method to quantify shear storage and loss moduli of soft membrane materials without assuming rheological models. The guided elastic wave displacement field in a silicone elastomer (Ecoflex™ 00-10) membrane subjected to monochromatic excitation from 1 kHz to 5 kHz was measured by the OCE method. A guided-wave finite element model was fitted to the frequency-dependent elastic wave speeds and amplitude decay coefficients to estimate frequency-dependent storage and loss shear moduli. The estimated shear storage and loss moduli of the sample were 67-95 kPa and 7.5-25 kPa in the frequency range of 1-5 kHz. This work demonstrated that the proposed OCE method is ideal for nondestructive viscoelastic characterization at frequencies between the operational range of conventional rheometers and high frequency (MHz) ultrasound methods.
Causal effects on complex traits are similar across segments of different continental ancestries within admixed individuals
Authors: Hou Kangcheng , Ding Yi , Xu Ziqi , Wu Yue , Bhattacharya Arjun , Mester Rachel , Belbin Gillian , Conti David , Darst Burcu , Fornage Myriam , Gignoux Christopher , Guo Xiuqing , Haiman Christopher , Kenny Eimear , Kim Michelle , Kooperberg Charles , Lange Leslie , Manichaikul Ani , North Kari , Nudelman Natalie , Peters Ulrike , Rasmussen-Torvik Laura , Rich Stephen , Rotter Jerome , Wheeler Heather , Zhou Ying , Sankararaman Sriram , Pasaniuc Bogdan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Individuals of admixed ancestries (e.g., African Americans) inherit a mosaic of ancestry segments (local ancestry) originating from multiple continental ancestral populations. Their genomic diversity offers the unique opportunity of investigating genetic effects on disease across multiple ancestries within the same population. Quantifying the similarity in causal effects across local ancestries is paramount to studying genetic basis of diseases in admixed individuals. Such similarity can be defined as the genetic correlation of causal effects (radmix) across African and European local ancestry backgrounds. Existing studies investigating causal effects variability across ancestries focused on cross-continental comparisons; however, such differences could be due to heterogeneities in the definition of environment/phenotype across continental ancestries. Studying genetic effects within admixed individuals avoids these confounding factors, because the genetic effects are compared across local ancestries within the same individuals. Here, we introduce a new method that models polygenic architecture of complex traits to quantify radmix across local ancestries. We model genome-wide causal effects that are allowed to vary by ancestry and estimate radmix by inferring variance components of local ancestry-aware genetic relationship matrices. Our method is accurate and robust across a range of simulations. We analyze 38 complex traits in individuals of African and European admixed ancestries (N = 53K) from: Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE), UK Biobank (UKBB) and All of Us (AoU). We observe a high similarity in causal effects by ancestry in meta-analyses across traits, with estimated radmix=0.95 (95% credible interval [0.93, 0.97]), much higher than correlation in causal effects across continental ancestries. High estimated radmix is also observed consistently for each individual trait. We replicate the high correlation in causal effects using regression-based methods from marginal GWAS summary statistics. We also report realistic scenarios where regression-based methods yield inflated estimates of heterogeneity-by-ancestry due to local ancestry-specific tagging of causal variants, and/or polygenicity. Among regression-based methods, only Deming regression is robust enough for estimation of correlation in causal effects by ancestry. In summary, causal effects on complex traits are highly similar across local ancestries and motivate genetic analyses that assume minimal heterogeneity in causal effects by ancestry.
Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: Identifying Risk Factors for Exchange Transfusion in a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Anson Elisabeth , Ridoré Michelande , Rais-Bahrami Khodayar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common diagnoses leading to hospital admission in the newborn population. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to identify trends in patient demographics and risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates admitted to a level IV neonatal intensive care unit with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Our secondary aim was to identify trends in patient demographics and hyperbilirubinemia risk factors among patients who received exchange transfusion(s). Study Design: A retrospective chart review of all neonates admitted to the Children’s National Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with a primary diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 was performed. Patients with a primary diagnosis of direct hyperbilirubinemia were excluded. Hospital electronic medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, record of exchange transfusion and hyperbilirubinemia risk factors. 251 charts of neonates admitted to the NICU for hyperbilirubinemia were reviewed. 221 patients met inclusion criteria. Results: Of these 221 patients, only 9 patients required exchange transfusion (4%). Patients with a peak bilirubin ³25 were statistically more likely to require exchange transfusion than patients with a peak bilirubin <25 (78%, p<0.001). Patients who were exclusively breastfed were less likely to require exchange transfusion (71%, p=0.01). Similarly, patients with a primary diagnosis of breastfeeding jaundice were less likely to require exchange transfusion (69%, p=0.0007). Patients with G6PD deficiency were more likely to require exchange transfusion (44%, p=0.0004). Patients requiring exchange transfusion had lower birth weights than patients who did not require exchange transfusion (2800±765g, p=0.02). Although not statistically significant, all patients who received exchange transfusions were non-white. Conclusion: G6PD, while known to be a relatively benign condition, was associated with a risk of receiving exchange transfusion in jaundiced newborns. Newborns with severe jaundice who were exclusively breastfeed were less likely to receive exchange transfusion.
Physiological properties of the visual system in the Green Weaver Ant, Oecophylla smaragdina
Authors: Ogawa Yuri , Jones Lochlan , Ryan Laura , Robson Simon , Hart Nathan , Narendra Ajay 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Green Weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina are iconic animals known for their extreme cooperative behaviour where they bridge gaps by linking to each other to build living chains. They are visually oriented animals, build chains towards closer targets, use celestial compass cues for navigation and are visual predators. Here, we describe their visual sensory capacity. The major workers of O. smaragdina have more ommatidia (804) in each eye compared to minor workers (508), but the facet diameters are comparable between both castes. We measured the impulse responses of the compound eye and found their response duration (42ms) was similar to that seen in other slow-moving ants. We determined the temporal resolution of the compound eye at the brightest light intensity to be 131.54 Hz, which is relatively fast for a walking insect suggesting the visual system is well suited for a diurnal lifestyle. Using pattern-electroretinography we identified the compound eye has a spatial resolving power of 0.52 cycles deg− 1 and reached peak contrast sensitivity of 2.88 (34.67% Michelson contrast threshold) at 0.05 cycles deg− 1. We discuss the relationship of spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity, with number of ommatidia and size of the lens.
Clinical Significance of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor- Induced Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Murata Daiki , Azuma Koichi , Matama Goushi , Zaizen Yoshiaki , Matsuo Norikazu , Murotani Kenta , Tokito Takaaki , Hoshino Tomoaki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are known to be a risk of drug-induced pneumonitis. However, there are few reports on the relationship between ILAs and immune checkpoint inhibitor-related interstitial lung disease (ICI-ILD). We retrospectively investigated the clinical significance of ILAs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving ICI.
Methods
We defined ILAs as nondependent abnormalities affecting more than 5% of any lung zone, including ground-glass or diffuse centrilobular nodularities, traction bronchiectasis, honeycombing, and nonemphysematous cysts. Early-onset ICI-ILD was defined as developing within 3 months after the initiation of ICI administration.
Results
Of 264 patients with advanced NSCLC, 57 patients (21.6%) had ILAs (43 fibrotic and 14 nonfibrotic ILAs). The difference between the incidence of ICI-ILD in patients with or without ILAs was not significant. Of 193 patients treated by ICI monotherapy, 18 (9.3%) developed early-onset ICI-ILD. Among patients receiving ICI monotherapy, the incidence of early-onset ICI-ILD was significantly higher in patients with than in patients without nonfibrotic ILAs.
Conclusion
The presence of nonfibrotic ILAs is a significant risk for early-onset ICI-ILD in patients with NSCLC undergoing ICI monotherapy. Clinicians should be aware of ILAs, especially nonfibrotic ILAs, before administering ICIs to lung cancer patients.
CIN Grades Possessing Different HPV RNA Location Patterns and RNAscope are Helpful Tools for Distinguishing Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Difficult Cervical Cases
Authors: Chen Ruichao , Zhang Renchao , Zhang Minfen , Liu Shaoyan , Shi Quan , Chen Hui , Xiong Hanzhen , Wang Na , Jiang Qingping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives: The precise grading and characterization of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) has been the focus of pathologists for a long time. This study aimed to explore known strategies for the grading of CINs.Methods: After routine H&E review, 85 lesions graded CIN 1, 2, or 3 were investigated primarily by HPV RNAscope to detect HR-HPV and LR-HPV, in combination with an HPV-DNA test and P16/Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then, the 85 cases were divided into a control group (49 cases) and a test group (36 cases). The former consisted of cases with consistency between morphology, HPV DNA detection and P16/Ki67 IHC. We used them to evaluate HPV RNA distribution patterns in CINs of different grades. The latter were ambiguous cases in which pathologists could not confirm the diagnosis because of inconsistencies between morphology, HPV DNA detection and P16/Ki67 IHC. We reassessed them by comparison to the pattern in the control group.Results: The expression patterns of HPV mRNA signals were different in different CIN lesions. LSIL/CIN1 lesions were mostly expressed in superficial epithelium with diffuse clustered nuclear or cytoplasmic staining; HSIL/CIN2 were characterised by nuclear/cytoplasmic punctate or diffuse cluster nuclear staining in the mid-surface layer, and scattered nuclear/cytoplasmic punctate staining in basal and parabasal cells; whereas HSIL/CIN3 showed full-thickness nucleus/cytoplasmic scattered staining with a punctate pattern. According to the staining pattern, we corrected the diagnosis of 22 cases (22/36, 61.1%). Conclusion: Because of its distinct location pattern, HPV RNAscope has obvious advantages over the HPV-DNA test, and combined with P16/Ki67 IHC, it can help pathologists correctly grade CIN. In addition, it can effectively discriminate true CIN from normal or CIN mimic lesions, such as immature squamous metaplasia, atrophy, and inflammatory/reactive changes. Therefore, HPV RNAscope is a valuable auxiliary diagnostic test to avoid the overtreatment and undertreatment of CIN lesions.
Measurement and Evaluation of Pod Opening Force for Vigna sinensis Endl.1
Authors: Dougherty Richard H. , Hicks J. R. , Bassett M. J. , Fluck R. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A method was developed for measuring the force necessary to rupture pods of Southern peas. The combined responses of single sections from each of 10 pods was shown to be adequate to overcome natural variations. Significant differences were observed between cultivars as maturity advanced. Certain cultivars appeared to increase in toughness from the immature to the intermediate stage of maturity. Spray applications of ascorbic or abscisic acid to Southern pea plants had no apparent effect on pod rupturing force for up to 4 days after application. Pea volume and color also changed with maturity and time after spraying.
Inheritance of Protein and Other Agronomic Traits in a Diallel Cross of Pea1
Authors: Pandey Shivaji , Gritton E. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A diallel cross involving 8 pea (Pisum sativum, L.) cultivars and experimental lines was used to study the inheritance of percent crude protein of dry seeds, and selected agronomic traits. The F1’s averaged very near the midparent for percent protein, showing little heterosis. Heterosis and inbreeding depression were observed for plant height, seed yield, and its components. General combining ability for percent protein was of major importance in all experiments. Specific combining ability for percent protein was indicated only in one of the 2 years tested. GCA and SCA variances were significant for days to bloom, plant height, yield, and its components except for seeds per pod. Maternal effects were important for only the 2 traits days to bloom and plant height.
Estimates of broad sense heritability for percent protein ranged between 54 and 67%; and of narrow sense heritability, between 45 and 67%. The highest narrow sense heritability (80%) was observed for wt/seed and the lowest for yield (8%).
The Effect of Reflecting Surfaces on the Solar Radiation Regime and Carbon Dioxide Fixation of a Glasshouse Rose Crop1
Authors: Stanhill G. , Moreshet S. , Jurgrau M. , Fuchs M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The use of a highly reflecting layer of aluminized polyester to increase the amount of downward solar radiation in a rose glasshouse was investigated during midwinter. Solar radiation at the south end of the untreated glasshouse was 20% higher than that at the north end during this season, corresponding to similar differences in the number of flowers produced in mid-winter. Covering the north wall with a reflecting layer increased the solar radiations flux density above a roe crop canopy by 7.5% for about half the length of the cropped area. Covering the paths with the same material increased the downward solar radiation by an average of 3%, the effect being twice as great adjacent to the south wall. Much larger increases were inferred in the flux of upward solar radiation reaching the under surfaces of the canopy. Carbon dioxide fixation of the upper leaves of the rose canopy was linearly related to incident solar radiation. The effect of the reflecting surfaces on rose yield calculated from this relationship was in general agreement with that previously derived from the seasonal correlation between flower production and solar radiation.
Ancymidol Performance as Altered by Potting Media Composition1
Authors: Tschabold E. E. , Meredith W. C. , Guse L. R. , Krumkalns E. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The response of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. to drench applications of ancymidol was reduced if the potting media contained high quantities of ground pine bark. Aqueous movement of ancymidol was restricted by pine bark and sand in leaching tests. Bioassays with Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. indicated that the immobile ancymidol fraction in upper segments of pine bark and sand columns retained excellent biological activity.
Floral Development and Compatibility Studies of Carica Species1
Authors: Mekako H. U. , Nakasone H. Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The period between flower bud emergence and anthesis for Carica goudotiana (Tr. & Pl.) Solms, C. cauliflora Jacq., C. parviflora (A. DC.) Colms., C. monoica Desf. and C. papaya L. ranged from 27-47 days. Flowers of C. parviflora showed peak anthesis between 8 and 10 AM, while in the other 4 species, peak anthesis occurred between 4 and 8 PM. Pollen of the 5 species and C. pennata Heilborn, Svensk showed satisfactory viability in vitro. Pollen germination was best in media at pH 5.5-7.5. Sibmating C. cauliflora, C. pennata, and C. parviflora produced fruit sets above 80%, although seed viability of the latter 2 species was low. Under the conditions of this study, relatively strong intraspecific incompatibility was shown between green and red segregants of C. goudotiana and between El Salvador and Venezuela collections of C. cauliflora as indicated by low fruit set percentages. Only C. cauliflora from El Salvador produced good fruit set and high seed viability from sib-pollinations.
Reduction Air Pollution Injury to Foliage of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Using Tolerant Cultivars and Chemical Protectants,1
Authors: Klingaman Gerald L. , Link Conrad B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Forty-five chrysanthemum cultivars exposed to ozone in a controlled environment chamber exhibited a wide range of sensitivity with several showing sufficient sensitivity to be damaged by ambient oxidant concentrations. Chemical protection of foliage from ambient air pollution was tested on pollution sensitive ‘King’s Ransom’ and pollution tolerant ‘Yellow Jess Williams’. Chemical protectants included 1) benomyl, 2) thiophanate ethyl, 3) triarimol, 4) ancymidol, 5) SADFI, and 6) Folicote. No visible injury was observed on unprotected ‘Yellow Jess Williams’, but extensive injury occurred on older foliage of ‘King’s Ransom’. Full season protection was observed on ‘King’s Ransom’ receiving treatments of benomyl, thiophanate ethyl or ancymidol but ancymidol delayed anthesis and reduced flower count.
Inheritance of Transverse Cotyledon Cracking Resistance in Snap Beans, (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)1
Authors: Dickson M. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A diallel of 8 cultivars of snap beans and all F2’s among them was evaluated for transverse cotyledon cracking, “TVC”. Over-dominance was indicated but also TVC inheritance appeared to be complex. The 3 resistant parents had dominant genes for TVC, and the most susceptible parents recessive genes. Crosses between resistant and susceptible cultivars produced more resistant progeny than from crosses of resistant and intermediate cultivars.
Broad sense heritabilites varied from 37.8% to 57.5%. Narrow sense heritability of 26.9% to 46.6% based on F2 and backcross data were obtained while regression analysis of F5 on F4 indicated narrow sense heritability of 37%. Parental performance could only be identified followingtest crossings and growing out subsequent generations.
Response of Acer rubrum L. to Supplemental Lighting, Reflective Aluminum Soil Mulch, and Systemic Soil Insecticide1,2
Authors: Cathey Henry M. , Smith Floyd F. , Campbell Lowell E. , Hartsock James G. , McGuire Judson U. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Growing Acer rubrum L. plants under an integrated system of supplemental lights for 4-hours (2200-0200) at 10 ft-c., aluminum reflective soil mulch, and disulfoton soil insecticide treatments, produced nursery liners in 1 season that were equal to 2- or 3-year-old seedlings grown by conventional methods. Increased available light in response to the reflective radiation from the A1 soil mulch was the most significant single factor. Added growth effects were obtained by combining chemical soil treatments under aluminum mulch along with the supplemental lighting. Amber lights and incandescent lights were equally stimulative. Potato leafhoppers (Empoasca fabae (Harris)), which commonly stunt tip growth of many deciduous nursery liners, were repelled by the aluminum mulch and killed by the disulfoton insecticide.
Incidence of Blackline in Juglans regia L. Propagated on Various Rootstock Species1
Authors: Martin George C. , Forde Harold I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a 16-year field study, all graft combinations of Persian walnut, Juglans regia scions with other rootstock species were susceptible to blackline. ‘Sinensis #5’, a selection of J. regia, did not exhibit symptoms of blackline when used as an interstock. In no case was blackline observed in graft combinations between J. regia.
Evaluation of Fruit Abscission and Flower Bud Promotion Capabilities of Ethephon and SADH on Apples1
Authors: Lord W. J. , Greene D. W. , Damon R. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] at rates of 100 to 1000 ppm caused fruit abscission of apples (Malus pumila Mill. cv. Cortland and Mutsu) when applied 26 to 44 days after full bloom. Ethephon alone or in combination with SADH (succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide) caused fruit abscission of ‘Early McIntosh’ when applied 30 days after full bloom. When sprayed shortly after completion of June drop, no abscission occurred. Although no fruit abscission followed the post-June drop treatment, flower bud initiation was increased. SADH appeared to enhance the fruit abscission capabilities of ethephon.
The Role of Seed Abortion and Parthenocarpy in the Production of Blank Pistachio Nuts as Affected by Rootstock1
Authors: Crane Julian C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Production of blank nuts in ‘Kerman’ pistachio was the result of both parthenocarpy and seed abortion, the latter being responsible for the major portion. The degree of parthenocarpy was relatively uniform throughout the entire tree population, but seed abortion varied according to the history of blank production of the individual trees. Production of blanks, therefore, appeared to be governed by the seedling rootstocks.
Bolting and Other Responses of Onion (Allium cepa L.) to Growth-Regulating Chemicals1
Authors: Corgan J. N. , Montano Jose M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA) increased bolting from 4.2 to 12.8% in fall-planted ‘Yellow Grano’ onion when applied 5 times at 500 ppm from 3/9 to 5/21. A single GA treatment 4/12 did not affect bolting. GA at 1000 ppm applied 11/1 and 12/9 had no effect on bolting or total seed yields of 3 short-day cultivars, but it limited seed yield per umbel. January 14 and February 21 treatments of 1000 ppm increased bolting percentage from 42 to about 60 and the February 21 treatment increased seed yield. Germination percentage of harvested seed was not affected by treatment. All GA treatments caused leaf growth from lateral buds.
Spring application of 2-chloroethyphosphonic acid (ethephon) at 500 and 1000 ppm, N-6 Benzyladenine (BA) at 100 ppm or succinic acid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (SADFI) at 5000 ppm did not affect bolting percentage.
Ethephon treatments inhibited internal scale browning of onions held in common storage for 3 months. October or Nov. ethephon treatments at 2500 ppm reduced bolting from 42 to 29%, and a dual ethephon application 10/8 and 11/1 resulted in only 11% bolting.