bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behaviour change techniques in cardiovascular disease smartphone apps to improve physical activity and sedentary behaviour: Systematic review and meta-regression
Authors: Patterson Kacie , Davey Rachel , Keegan Richard , Kunstler Brea , Woodward Andrew , Freene Nicole 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Smartphone apps are increasingly used to deliver physical activity and sedentary behaviour interventions for people with cardiovascular disease. However, the active components of these interventions which aim to change behaviours are unclear.

Aims
To identify behaviour change techniques used in smartphone app interventions for improving physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people with cardiovascular disease. Secondly, to investigate the association of the identified techniques on improving these behaviours.

Methods
Six databases (Medline, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Sports Discus, EMBASE) were searched from 2007 to October 2020. Eligible studies used a smartphone app intervention for people with cardiovascular disease and reported a physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour outcome. The behaviour change techniques used within the apps for physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour were coded using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy (v1). The association of behaviour change techniques on physical activity outcomes were explored through meta-regression.

Results
Forty behaviour change techniques were identified across the 19 included app-based interventions. Only two studies reported the behaviour change techniques used to target sedentary behaviour change. The most frequently used techniques for sedentary behaviour and physical activity were habit reversal and self-monitoring of behaviour respectively. In univariable analyses, action planning (β =0.42, 90%CrI 0.07–0.78) and graded tasks (β =0.33, 90%CrI -0.04-0.67) each had medium positive associations with increasing physical activity. Participants in interventions that used either self-monitoring outcome(s) of behaviour (i.e. outcomes other than physical activity) (β = − 0.47, 90%CrI -0.79--0.16), biofeedback (β = − 0.47, 90%CrI -0.81--0.15) and information about health consequences (β = − 0.42, 90%CrI -0.74--0.07) as behaviour change techniques, appeared to do less physical activity. In the multivariable model, these predictors were not clearly removed from zero.

Conclusion
The behaviour change techniques action planning and graded tasks are good candidates for causal testing in future experimental smartphone app designs.
Reshaping the systemic tumor immune environment (STIE) and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in solid tumors
Authors: Xu Liangliang , Zou Chang , Zhang Shanshan , Chu Timothy Shun Man , Zhang Yan , Chen Weiwei , Zhao Caining , Yang Li , Xu Zhiyuan , Dong Shaowei , Yu Hao , Li Bo , Guan Xinyuan , Hou Yuzhu , Kong Feng-Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe development of combination immunotherapy based on the mediation of regulatory mechanisms of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is promising. However, a deep understanding of tumor immunology must involve the systemic tumor immune environment (STIE) which was merely illustrated previously. Here, we aim to review recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics for the studies of STIE, TIME, and their interactions, which may reveal heterogeneity in immunotherapy responses as well as the dynamic changes essential for the treatment effect. We review the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies related to TIME, STIE, and their significance on overall survival, through different immunomodulatory pathways, such as metabolic and neuro-immunological pathways. We also evaluate the significance of the STIE, TIME, and their interactions as well as changes after local radiotherapy and systemic immunotherapy or combined immunotherapy. We focus our review on the evidence of lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, aiming to reshape STIE and TIME to enhance immunotherapy efficacy.
Intravenous IgM-enriched immunoglobulins in critical COVID-19: a multicentre propensity-weighted cohort study
Authors: Rahmel Tim , Kraft Felix , Haberl Helge , Achtzehn Ute , Brandenburger Timo , Neb Holger , Jarczak Dominik , Dietrich Maximilian , Magunia Harry , Zimmer Frieda , Basten Jale , Landgraf Claudia , Koch Thea , Zacharowski Kai , Weigand Markus A. , Rosenberger Peter , Ullrich Roman , Meybohm Patrick , Nierhaus Axel , Kindgen-Milles Detlef , Timmesfeld Nina , Adamzik Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
A profound inflammation-mediated lung injury with long-term acute respiratory distress and high mortality is one of the major complications of critical COVID-19. Immunoglobulin M (IgM)-enriched immunoglobulins seem especially capable of mitigating the inflicted inflammatory harm. However, the efficacy of intravenous IgM-enriched preparations in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is largely unclear.

Methods
In this retrospective multicentric cohort study, 316 patients with laboratory-confirmed critical COVID-19 were treated in ten German and Austrian ICUs between May 2020 and April 2021. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Analysis was performed by Cox regression models. Covariate adjustment was performed by propensity score weighting using machine learning-based SuperLearner to overcome the selection bias due to missing randomization. In addition, a subgroup analysis focusing on different treatment regimens and patient characteristics was performed.

Results
Of the 316 ICU patients, 146 received IgM-enriched immunoglobulins and 170 cases did not, which served as controls. There was no survival difference between the two groups in terms of mortality at 30 days in the overall cohort (HRadj: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.55 to 1.25; p = 0.374). An improved 30-day survival in patients without mechanical ventilation at the time of the immunoglobulin treatment did not reach statistical significance (HRadj: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.05 to 1.08; p = 0.063). Also, no statistically significant difference was observed in the subgroup when a daily dose of ≥ 15 g and a duration of ≥ 3 days of IgM-enriched immunoglobulins were applied (HRadj: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.41 to 1.03; p = 0.068).

Conclusions
Although we cannot prove a statistically reliable effect of intravenous IgM-enriched immunoglobulins, the confidence intervals may suggest a clinically relevant effect in certain subgroups. Here, an early administration (i.e. in critically ill but not yet mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients) and a dose of ≥ 15 g for at least 3 days may confer beneficial effects without concerning safety issues. However, these findings need to be validated in upcoming randomized clinical trials.
Trial registrationDRKS00025794, German Clinical Trials Register, https://www.drks.de. Registered 6 July 2021.
Gasdermin-D activation by SARS-CoV-2 triggers NET and mediate COVID-19 immunopathology
Authors: Silva Camila Meirelles S. , Wanderley Carlos Wagner S. , Veras Flavio Protasio , Gonçalves Augusto Velozo , Lima Mikhael Haruo Fernandes , Toller-Kawahisa Juliana Escher , Gomes Giovanni Freitas , Nascimento Daniele Carvalho , Monteiro Valter V. Silva , Paiva Isadora Marques , Almeida Cícero José Luíz Ramos , Caetité Diego Brito , Silva Juliana Costa , Lopes Maria Isabel Fernandes , Bonjorno Letícia Pastorelli , Giannini Marcela Cavichioli , Amaral Natalia Brasil , Benatti Maíra Nilson , Santana Rodrigo Carvalho , Damasceno Luis Eduardo Alves , Silva Bruna Manuella Souza , Schneider Ayda Henriques , Castro Icaro Maia Santos , Silva Juan Carlo Santos , Vasconcelos Amanda Pereira , Gonçalves Tiago Tomazini , Batah Sabrina Setembre , Rodrigues Tamara Silva , Costa Victor Ferreira , Pontelli Marjorie Cornejo , Martins Ronaldo B. , Martins Timna Varela , Espósito Danillo Lucas Alves , Cebinelli Guilherme Cesar Martelossi , da Fonseca Benedito Antônio Lopes , Leiria Luiz Osório Silveira , Cunha Larissa Dias , Arruda Eurico , Nakaia Helder I. , Fabro Alexandre Todorovic , Oliveira Rene D. R. , Zamboni Dario S. , Louzada-Junior Paulo , Cunha Thiago Mattar , Alves-Filho José Carlos Farias , Cunha Fernando Queiroz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is associated with inflammation, coagulopathy, and organ damage found in severe cases of COVID-19. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the release of NETs in COVID-19 remain unclear.

Objectives
We aim to investigate the role of the Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) pathway on NETs release and the development of organ damage during COVID-19.

Methods
We performed a single-cell transcriptome analysis in public data of bronchoalveolar lavage. Then, we enrolled 63 hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. We analyze in blood and lung tissue samples the expression of GSDMD, presence of NETs, and signaling pathways upstreaming. Furthermore, we analyzed the treatment with disulfiram in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results
We found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly activates the pore-forming protein GSDMD that triggers NET production and organ damage in COVID-19. Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of GSDMD and inflammasome-related genes were increased in COVID-19 patients. High expression of active GSDMD associated with NETs structures was found in the lung tissue of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we showed that activation of GSDMD in neutrophils requires active caspase1/4 and live SARS-CoV-2, which infects neutrophils. In a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the treatment with disulfiram inhibited NETs release and reduced organ damage.

Conclusion
These results demonstrated that GSDMD-dependent NETosis plays a critical role in COVID-19 immunopathology and suggests GSDMD as a novel potential target for improving the COVID-19 therapeutic strategy.
Halting the Canadian STRIDER randomised controlled trial of sildenafil for severe, early-onset fetal growth restriction: ethical, methodological, and pragmatic considerations
Authors: von Dadelszen Peter , Audibert François , Bujold Emmanuel , Bone Jeffrey N. , Sandhu Ash , Li Jing , Kariya Chirag , Chung Youkee , Lee Tang , Au Kelvin , Skoll M. Amanda , Vidler Marianne , Magee Laura A. , Piedboeuf Bruno , Baker Philip N. , Lalji Sayrin , Lim Kenneth I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate to improve outcomes in pregnancies complicated by early-onset, dismal prognosis, fetal growth restriction (FGR). Eligibility: women ≥ 18 years, singleton, 18 + 0–27 + 6 weeks’ gestation, estimated fetal weight < 700 g, low PLFG, and ≥ 1 of (i) abdominal circumference < 10th percentile for gestational age (GA); or (ii) reduced growth velocity and either abnormal uterine artery Doppler or prior early-onset FGR with adverse outcome. Ineligibility criteria included: planned termination or reversed umbilical artery end-diastolic flow. Eligibility confirmed by placental growth factor (PlGF) < 5 th percentile for GA measured post randomization. Women randomly received (1:1) either sildenafil 25 mg three times daily or matched placebo until either delivery or 31 + 6 weeks. Primary outcome: delivery GA. The trial stopped early when Dutch STRIDER signalled potential harm; despite distinct eligibility criteria and IRB and DSMB support to continue, because of futility. NCT02442492 [registered 13/05/2015].ResultsBetween May 2017 and June 2018, 21 (90 planned) women were randomised [10 sildenafil; 11 placebo (1 withdrawal)]. Baseline characteristics, PlGF levels, maternal and perinatal outcomes, and adverse events did not differ. Delivery GA: 26 + 6 weeks (sildenafil) vs 29 + 2 weeks (placebo); p = 0.200. Data will contribute to an individual participant data meta-analysis.
Effect of high temperature on Wolbachia density and impact on cytoplasmic incompatibility in confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Gharabigloozare Yeganeh , Bleidorn Christoph 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Environmental constraints, especially temperature, have been identified as a key in understanding host-symbiont relationships, as they can directly impact the fitness of the symbiont population and the host development. Here we investigated the effect of temperature during the host development on the density of intracellular bacteria of the Wolbachia, wTcon strain within the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum. The wTcon can induce a complete cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in T. confusum beetles; therefore, we observed the effect of heat stress on the symbiont-mediated CI.

Results
The density of CI inducing Wolbachia in the Tribolium confusum is temperature-specific. Our observation of the beetles reared in five different temperatures (30–34 °C) measured the highest Wolbachia density at 30–31 °C and lowest at 34 °C within a single insect generation. In this species, changes in the density of Wolbachia related to higher temperature did not influence CI. However, the fertility of beetles reared in higher temperatures showed a substantial decrease in the number of laid and hatched eggs. Thus, we can confirm the effect of high temperature on lowering the wTcon density and no impact on induction of cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in T. confusum beetles.
Changes in home visit utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicenter cross-sectional web-based survey
Authors: Hamano Jun , Tachikawa Hirokazu , Takahashi Sho , Ekoyama Saori , Nagaoka Hiroka , Ozone Sachiko , Masumoto Shoichi , Hosoi Takahiro , Arai Tetsuaki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
Home care is one of the essential community health care services; thus, identifying changes of home care utilization before and during the COVID-19 pandemic would be useful for researchers and policymaker to reconsider the home care system, the support needed for home care staff, and the collaborative system with hospitals in the COVID-19 era. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional web-based anonymous survey of the directors of home visit facilities in Japan in August 2021.

Results
A total of 33 participants from 37 facilities responded to the survey. The number of patients dying at home and newly requested home visits increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (74.2%, 71.0%). One possible reason was the restricted visitation of inpatient facilities (93.5%). The underlying disease that the largest number of participants perceived as having increased compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic was cancer (51.6%). There were no significant differences in being in a rural area or the number of doctors in perceived changes in home visit utilization. Our study indicated that the director of home visit facilities thought the number of patients dying at home and newly requested home visits had increased compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Relative contributions of six lifestyle- and health-related exposures to epigenetic aging: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Kim Kyeezu , Zheng Yinan , Joyce Brian T. , Jiang Hongmei , Greenland Philip , Jacobs David R. , Zhang Kai , Liu Lei , Allen Norrina B. , Wilkins John T. , Forrester Sarah N. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Hou Lifang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
DNA methylation-based GrimAge acceleration (GrimAA) is associated with a wide range of age-related health outcomes including cardiovascular disease. Since DNA methylation is modifiable by external and behavioral exposures, it is important to identify which of these exposures may have the strongest contributions to differences in GrimAA, to help guide potential intervention strategies. Here, we assessed the relative contributions of lifestyle- and health-related components, as well as their collective association, to GrimAA.

Results
We included 744 participants (391 men and 353 women) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study with blood DNA methylation information at CARDIA Exam Year (Y) 20 (2005–2006, mean age 45.9 years). Six cumulative exposures by Y20 were included in the analysis: total packs of cigarettes, total alcohol consumption, education years, healthy diet score, sleep hours, and physical activity. We used quantile-based g-computation (QGC) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) methods to assess the relative contribution of each exposure to a single overall association with GrimAA. We also assessed the collective association of the six components combined with GrimAA. Smoking showed the greatest positive contribution to GrimAA, accounting for 83.5% of overall positive associations of the six exposures with GrimAA (QGC weight = 0.835). The posterior inclusion probability (PIP) of smoking also achieved the highest score of 1.0 from BKMR analysis. Healthy diet and education years showed inverse contributions to GrimAA. We observed a U-shaped pattern in the contribution of alcohol consumption to GrimAA. While smoking was the greatest contributor across sex and race subgroups, the relative contributions of other components varied by subgroups.

Conclusions
Smoking, alcohol consumption, and education showed the highest contributions to GrimAA in our study. Higher amounts of smoking and alcohol consumption were likely to contribute to greater GrimAA, whereas achieved education was likely to contribute to lower GrimAA. Identifying pertinent lifestyle- and health-related exposures in a context of collective components can provide direction for intervention strategies and suggests which components should be the primary focus for promoting younger GrimAA.
Arterial spin labeling of nasopharyngeal carcinoma shows early therapy response
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhu Juan , Wang Yaxian , Wang Fei , Yang Hualin , Wang Nan , Chu Qingyun , Yang Qing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to determine the value of arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging in assessing the early efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods
Fifty-five patients with locoregionally advanced NPC underwent conventional 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ASL before and after chemoradiotherapy (prescribed dose reached 40 Gy). Based on the response evaluation criteria for solid tumors (RECIST 1.1), the patients were divided into the partial response and stable disease groups. MRI re-examination was performed one month after chemoradiotherapy completion, and patients were divided into residual and non-residual groups. We investigated inter-group differences in ASL-based tumor blood flow (TBF) parameters (pre-treatment tumor blood flow, post-treatment tumor blood flow, and changes in tumor blood flow, i.e., Pre-TBF, Post-TBF, ΔTBF), correlation between TBF parameters and tumor atrophy rate, and value of TBF parameters in predicting sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy.

Results
There were differences in Pre-TBF, Post-TBF, and ΔTBF between the partial response and stable disease groups (p < 0.01). There were also differences in Pre-TBF and ΔTBF between the residual and non-residual groups (p < 0.01). Pre-TBF and ΔTBF were significantly correlated with the tumor atrophy rate; the correlation coefficients were 0.677 and 0.567, respectively (p < 0.01). Pre-TBF had high diagnostic efficacies in predicting sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy and residual tumors, with areas under the curve of 0.845 and 0.831, respectively.

Conclusion
ASL permits a noninvasive approach to predicting the early efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for NPC.
T2 relaxation time for the early prediction of treatment response to chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Ge Yuxi , Jia Yanlong , Li Xiaohong , Dou Weiqiang , Chen Zhong , Yan Gen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Poor responders to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) can still have a good prognosis if the treatment strategy is changed in time. However, no reliable predictor of early-treatment response has been identified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of T2 relaxation time in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the early prediction of a pathological response to CRT in LARC.

Methods
A total of 123 MRIs were performed on 41 LARC patients immediately before, during, and after CRT. The corresponding tumor volume, T2 relaxation time, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values at different scan time points were obtained. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the T2 relaxation time between pathological good responders (GR) and non-good responders (non-GR). The area under the curve (AUC) value was used to quantify the diagnostic ability of each parameter in predicting tumor response to CRT.

Results
Twenty-one (51%) and 20 (49%) were GRs and non-GRs, respectively. T2 relaxation time showed an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of > 0.85 at three-time points. It was significantly lower in the GR group than in the non-GR group during and after CRT. The early T2 decrease had a high AUC of 0.91 in differentiating non-GRs and GRs, similar to 0.90 of the T2 value after CRT.

Conclusions
T2 relaxation time may help predict treatment response to CRT for LARC earlier, rather than having to wait until the end of CRT, thereby alleviating the physical burden for patients with no good response.
Machine learning-based cloud IOT platform for intelligent tourism information services
Authors: Bi Fangfei , Liu Haotian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThanks to the continuous development of the tourism industry, the application of Internet of things (IoT) begins to boom among modern tourists. Smart tourism utilizes Internet of things to facilitate the information dissemination and exchange, making IoT technology an indispensable part of next-generation travelling tool kits. In this paper, based on visitor selection behavior, we develop a hybrid intelligent categorization approach. Particularly, our proposed method of categorization could help tourists decide whether or not to visit a sightseeing attraction in a minutes. Cross-validation testing and performance assessment show that our designed platform can work effectively and efficiently by considering a variety of factors.