bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early vigabatrin augmenting GABA-ergic pathways in post-anoxic status epilepticus (VIGAB-STAT) phase IIa clinical trial study protocol
Authors: Maciel Carolina B. , Teixeira Fernanda J. P. , Dickinson Katie J. , Spana Jessica C. , Merck Lisa H. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Sergott Robert , Shan Guogen , Miao Guanhong , Peloquin Charles A. , Busl Katharina M. , Hirsch Lawrence J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Nearly one in three unconscious cardiac arrest survivors experience post-anoxic status epilepticus (PASE). Historically, PASE has been deemed untreatable resulting in its exclusion from status epilepticus clinical trials. However, emerging reports of survivors achieving functional independence following early and aggressive treatment of PASE challenged this widespread therapeutic nihilism. In the absence of proven therapies specific to PASE, standard of care treatment leans on general management strategies for status epilepticus. Vigabatrin—an approved therapy for refractory focal-onset seizures in adults—inhibits the enzyme responsible for GABA catabolism, increases brain GABA levels and may act synergistically with anesthetic agents to abort seizures. Our central hypothesis is that early inhibition of GABA breakdown is possible in the post-cardiac arrest period and may be an effective adjunctive treatment in PASE.

Methods
This is a phase IIa, single-center, open-label, pilot clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment, of a single dose of vigabatrin in 12 consecutive PASE subjects. Subjects will receive a single loading dose of 4500 mg of vigabatrin (or dose adjusted in moderate and severe renal impairment) via enteric tube within 48 h of PASE onset. Vigabatrin levels will be monitored at 0- (baseline), 0.5-, 1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 48-, 72- and 168-h (7 days) post-vigabatrin. Serum biomarkers of neuronal injury will be measured at 0-, 24-, 48-, 72- and 96-h post-vigabatrin. The primary feasibility endpoint is the proportion of enrolled subjects among identified eligible subjects receiving vigabatrin within 48 h of PASE onset. The primary pharmacokinetic endpoint is the measured vigabatrin level at 3 h post-administration. Descriptive statistics with rates and proportions will be obtained regarding feasibility outcomes, along with the noncompartmental method for pharmacokinetic analyses. The area under the vigabatrin concentration-time curve in plasma from zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-tlqc) will be calculated to estimate dose-linear pharmacokinetics.

Perspective
Vigabatrin demonstrates high potential for synergism with current standard of care therapies. Demonstration of the feasibility of vigabatrin administration and preliminary safety in PASE will pave the way for future efficacy and safety trials of this pharmacotherapeutic.
Trial Registration NCT04772547.
Biological and molecular characterizations of fluxapyroxad-resistant isolates of Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Liu Kai , Wen Ziyue , Ma Zhonghua , Shao Wenyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea leads to serious losses in various crops. Fluxapyroxad, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, has been used to control gray mold for several years in China. In this study, we identified six fluxapyroxad-resistant (FluR) isolates from 96 isolates of B. cinerea collected in fields. Phenotypic assays showed that the FluR isolates exhibited defects in mycelial growth, conidiation, sclerotium formation, stress tolerance and virulence. Analysis of nucleotide sequences of succinate dehydrogenase subunit-coding genes revealed that various point mutations, including P225F, N230I, K283N and H272R in BcSdhB, G37S and P80H in BcSdhC, and V9A in BcSdhD, were associated with the resistance to fluxapyroxad in B. cinerea. Sensitivity assays showed that the FluR isolates also exhibited resistance to another SDHI boscalid, but there was no cross-resistance between fluxapyroxad and other fungicides with different modes of action. These results indicate that the resistance of B. cinerea to fluxapyroxad has occurred in fields, and further monitoring and management of the resistance to fluxapyroxad in B. cinerea should be carried out.
Photocatalytic removal of toluene with CdIn2S4/CNFs catalyst: effect of ozone addition
Authors: Liu Run Yu , Trinh Minh Man , Chang Moo Been 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCdIn2S4 (CIS) has attracted widespread attention due to its structural stability and photoelectric properties, however, it is difficult to recycle when after usage. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as a suitable electron acceptor due to its stable physicochemical properties enhanced the mechanical properties and easily to recycle. There are also few reports on applying CIS/CNFs composite as photocatalyst in removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, a novel CIS/CNFs composite was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. Various characterizations, such as X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy proved the successful synthesis of CIS/CNFs composite and revealed that CNFs grow on the surfaces of CIS connected with three-dimensional (3D) conductive network. Under visible light irradiation, degradation of toluene reached the optimal level of 86% as the CIS doped with 3% CNFs. Furthermore, 95% removal efficiency was achieved as 200 ppm ozone was added into the system and mineralization rate is also improved. The 3D network of CNFs can facilitate the effective separation and transfer of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs, protect CIS core from photo-corrosion and easily be recycled. Ultimately, plausible of ozone-enhanced photocatalytic mechanisms were proposed. Hence, this study presents a new photocatalyst with visible-light driven ozone-enhanced photocatalysis process toward VOCs.
A rare case of Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser syndrome with right ectopic kidney diagnosed on MRI
Authors: Singh Rohan Kumar , Patwa Prerna Anup , Mishra Gaurav Vedprakash , Dhande Rajasbala Pradeep , Phatak Suresh Vasant , Harshith Gowda K. B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Meyer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome is rare congenital abnormality in females with a blind ending vagina. There can be associated hypoplasia of uterus. The syndrome is of sporadic origin and affects the reproductive life. Adequate and early diagnosis can help to rule out other associated anomalies.

Case presentation
We are presenting an interesting case of Mullerian agenesis in a 16-year-old female patient who came to our gynecology department of our hospital with complaints of primary amenorrhea. On imaging, it was found that she was a case of Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome with ectopic kidney. On physical examination, affected individuals appear normal but there was agenesis of uterus which is the common cause of primary amenorrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging findings are discussed in this article. On karyotyping and hormonal evaluation, patient hormones were in range and karyotype was 46, XX.

Conclusion
MRI is mainstay for diagnosis of this condition although other modalities like ultrasound can diagnose hypoplastic uterus and ectopic kidney. A rudimentary uterus hampers the reproductive functioning, and patient needs counseling for the same.
Factors associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in adults attending tertiary care Hospital in Vadodara: a case control study
Authors: Patel Sangita V. , Makwana Alpesh B. , Gandhi Archana U. , Tarani Greenam , Patel Jesal , Bhavsar Vipul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
In India, approximately 75% of population that is over 650 million people have B12 deficiency majority of which is caused by variation in demography, diet, and religion. Conditions such as smoking, alcohol, and antacid use are certain causes for incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency. Looking at various adverse health effects of drinking demineralized water, there is possibility that it may also be one of the newly associated factors for increasing incidence and prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency.

Objective
To assess the risk factors associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.

Methods
A case control study was conducted at SSG Hospital in Vadodara, Gujarat, wherein all the patients visiting the hospital from November 2017 to June 2018 with symptoms suggestive of B12 deficiency and serum B12 level below 200pg/mL were included in the study. Information regarding the vitamin B12 deficiency was obtained from the patients. Controls were selected and matched with cases as per age group to minimize confounding.

Results
Our study showed statistically significant association of vegetarian diet (p value=0.0027, OR=2.00) (odds ratio), dark complexion (0.0069, OR=2.53), socio economic status (p value= 0.0001), and use of RO (reverse osmosis) water (p value=0.0099, OR=3.61) with vitamin B12 deficiency at 95% CI (confidence interval).

Conclusion
Independent association between use of R.O. water, vegetarian diet, socio economic class, and dark complexion with vitamin B12 deficiency.
Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of solid pseudo-papillary neoplasm: Egyptian multi-centric case series and systematic review
Authors: Okasha Hussein , Abbas Wael , Altonbary Ahmed , Hakim Hazem , Ameen Mahmoud Gamal , El-Nady Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSolid pseudo-papillary neoplasm (SPPN) is a rare type of pancreatic tumor accounting for less than 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. Accurate diagnosis of these tumors is very important for proper management. In this study, observations were documented from 18 consecutive cases diagnosed with SPPN using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). The data of 18 consecutive cases were prospectively collected and reviewed. The collected data included age, gender, symptoms, size and site of the lesion, and type of surgery performed, in addition to mortality and recurrence rates.The mean age of the included cases was 33 years, and most of them were females (94.44%). Abdominal pain was the common symptom, and the pancreatic body was the most affected site. EUS-FNA confirmed the diagnosis in all cases when compared to the surgical specimen obtained. Cases were treated either with pancreatico-duodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy. One case (1/18) had early postoperative mortality due to sepsis. The remaining cases developed no recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period of 18 months.SPPN is not a common pancreatic tumor. Confirming the diagnosis plays a crucial role prior to surgery as it facilitates intraoperative planning; therefore, EUS-FNA is a golden standard method used to diagnose. Postoperative survival has improved if the tumor is completely removed. EUS-FNA technique is a minimally invasive technique that can provide high yielding in providing detailed diagnostic analysis of SPPN.
Perineural invasion is a better prognostic factor than extranodal extension in head and neck cancer
Authors: Eryılmaz Melek Karakurt , Korkmaz Mustafa , Karaağaç Mustafa , Artaç Mehmet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic value of perineural invasion (PNI) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains controversial. This study investigated the impact of PNI on prognosis in HNSCC. A total of 49 patients with HNSCC who underwent primary surgical treatment were selected for the study. Univariate analysis of the survival curve was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was carried out by Cox regression.ResultsPNI was present in 17 of 49 (34.7%) patients. The median follow-up was 18.7 months. The median DFS and OS were 16.6 months and 41.9 months, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that PNI was associated with OS (p: 0.02), but not with DFS (p: 0.50). ENE was associated only with DFS in univariate analysis (p: 0.04), but not OS (yes vs. no; 24.1 vs. 44.6 months,p: 0.21), and in multivariate analysis, ENE lost its significance for DFS (p: 0.12). Also, PNI was the only significant independent adverse prognostic factor for OS in multivariate analysis (p: 0.02). The median OS for patients with and without PNI was 17.1 months and 92.1 months, respectively.ConclusionPNI was an independent factor for poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC. The presence of PNI compared to ENE was associated with a greater risk of death in HNSCC. Therefore, it would be appropriate to consider adjuvant therapy in the presence of PNI alone without other adverse risk features.
Infection control, hand hygiene practice and PPE use among phoniatricians and ENT specialists during the COVID-19 pandemic, a UEP survey
Authors: Shadi Mariam S. , Geneid Ahmed , Rubin John S. , Ibrahim Reham Abdelwakil 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Caring for our patients while taking care of our own safety as well as theirs is a major concern during the current pandemic. Therefore, many societies developed guidance documents to educate clinicians about the required precautions. This study aims to assess personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, hand hygiene practice and infection control training among phoniatricians and otolaryngologists during the pandemic. An online survey was administered during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020. Data collected included PPE availability, infection control training, adopted infection control precautions, hand hygiene practice, and use of different PPE elements as well as adherence to its use during potential aerosol generating procedures.

Results
Based on their country of residences, eligible 154 participants were grouped into 4 groups and their responses were compared.

Conclusion
Following the suggested recommendations, while adequate for some precautions, was still not satisfactory. Certain defects that are specific to particular groups had also been identified.
Facies prediction with Bayesian inference: Application of supervised and semisupervised deep learning
Authors: Singh Sagar , Tsvankin Ilya , Zabihi Naeini Ehsan 
Published: January 2022

Accurate delineation of geologic facies and determination of live fluids from seismic reflection data is crucial for reservoir characterization during petroleum exploration. Facies classification or fluid identification is often done manually by an experienced interpreter, which makes this process subjective, laborious, and time-consuming. Several machine-learning models have been proposed to automate multiclass facies segmentation, but significant practical challenges (e.g., limited scope of labels for training purposes, skewed data distribution, inefficient performance evaluation metrics, etc) still remain. We present supervised and semisupervised Bayesian deep-learning methodologies to improve analysis of seismic facies depending on the scope of the labeled data. The developed networks reliably predict facies distribution using seismic reflection data and estimate the corresponding uncertainty. Therefore, they provide more consistent and meaningful information for seismic interpretation than commonly used deterministic approaches. We apply the proposed deep-learning models to field data from the North Sea to demonstrate the generalized-prediction capabilities of our methodology. In the case of sufficient availability of manually interpreted labels (or facies), the supervised learning model accurately recovers the facies distribution. When the amount of the interpreted labels is limited, we efficiently apply the semisupervised algorithm to avoid overfitting.
Galenic syndromes: combinations of mental state and personality disorders too closely entwined to be separated
Authors: Tyrer Peter , Mulder Roger , Newton-Howes Giles , Duggan Conor 
Published: January 2022

SummaryMany mental disorders are linked to personality, but this is rarely recognised in clinical practice. It is suggested here that when the links are very close, the two can be joined. Galenic syndromes are so named because Galen was the first physician to recognise the links between personality and disease.
Psychiatric and psychosocial characteristics of suicide completers: A 13-year comprehensive evaluation of psychiatric case records and postmortem findings
Authors: McMorrow C. , Nerney D. , Cullen N. , Kielty J. , VanLaar A. , Davoren M. , Conlon L. , Brodie C. , McDonald C. , Hallahan B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCurrently, there are limited data comparing demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals who died by probable suicide and who did and did not previously attend mental health services (MHSs). This study compared demographic and clinical factors for both groups, in a Western region of Ireland over a 13-year period. Postmortem reports between January 1, 2006 and March 31, 2019 were reviewed for 400 individuals who died by probable suicide. Relevant sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted from individuals’ lifetime case notes. One hundred and fifty nine individuals (40%) had attended MHSs at some stage (“attendee”). Hanging was the most common method of suicide (61%), followed by drowning (18%) for both attendees and nonattendees of MHSs, with more violent methods utilized overall by nonattendees (p = 0.028). Sixty-eight percent of individuals who previously attempted hanging subsequently died utilizing this method. A higher proportion of attendees were female compared to nonattendees of MHSs (28.9 vs. 14.5%, p = 0.001). Recurrent depressive disorder (55%) was the most common diagnosed mental health disorder. For individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 39% had antipsychotic medications detectable in their toxicology reports. In conclusion, the majority of people who died by probable suicide had never had contact with MHSs, and nonattendees overall were more likely to utilize violent methods of suicide. Nonconcordance with psychotropic medications in psychotic patients and previous hanging attempt were highlighted as potential risk factors for death by probable suicide.
Context-Based Identification of Muscle Invasion Status in Patients With Bladder Cancer Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Yang Ruixin , Zhu Di , Howard Lauren E. , De Hoedt Amanda , Schroeck Florian R. , Klaassen Zachary , Freedland Stephen J. , Williams Stephen B. 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE Mortality from bladder cancer (BC) increases exponentially once it invades the muscle, with inherent challenges delineating at the population level. We sought to develop and validate a natural language processing (NLP) model for automatically identifying patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). METHODS All patients with a Current Procedural Terminology code for transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT; n = 76,060) were selected from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) database. A sample of 600 patients (with 2,337 full-text notes) who had TURBT and confirmed pathology results were selected for NLP model development and validation. The NLP performance was assessed by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F1 score, and overall accuracy at the individual note and patient levels. RESULTS In the validation cohort, the NLP model had average overall accuracies of 94% and 96% at the note and patient levels. Specifically, the F1 score and overall accuracy for predicting muscle invasion at the patient level were 0.87% and 96%, respectively. The model classified nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with overall accuracies of 90% and 93% at the note and patient levels. When applying the model to 71,200 patients VA-wide, the model classified 13,642 (19%) as having MIBC and 47,595 (66%) as NMIBC and was able to identify invasion status for 96% of patients with TURBT at the population level. Inherent limitations include a relatively small training set, given the size of the VA population. CONCLUSION This NLP model, with high accuracy, may be a practical tool for efficiently identifying BC invasion status and aid in population-based BC research.
Loss of plac8 expression rapidly leads pluripotent stem cells to enter active state during planarian regeneration
Authors: Lee Hayoung , Hikasa Kanon , Umesono Yoshihiko , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Agata Kiyokazu , Shibata Norito 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The regenerative ability of planarians relies on their adult pluripotent stem cell population. Although all stem cells express a piwi homolog, recently it has become possible to classify the piwi+ stem cell population into specialized subpopulations according to the expression of genes related to differentiation. However, piwi+ stem cells behave practically as a homogeneous population after amputation, during which stem cells show accelerated proliferation, named ‘induced hyperproliferation’. Here, we show that plac8-A was expressed in almost all of the stem cells, and that a decrease of the plac8-A expression level led to induced hyperproliferation uniformly in a broad stem cell subpopulation after amputation. This reduction of plac8-A expression was caused by activated JNK signaling after amputation. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK signaling caused failure to induce hyperproliferation and resulted in regenerative defects. Such defects were abrogated by simultaneous knockdown of plac8-A expression. Thus, JNK-dependent suppression of plac8-A expression is indispensable for stem cell dynamics involved in regeneration. These findings suggest that plac8-A acts as a molecular switch of piwi+ stem cells for entry into the regenerative state after amputation.
Lrrcc1 and Ccdc61 are conserved effectors of multiciliated cell function
Authors: Nommick Aude , Boutin Camille , Rosnet Olivier , Schirmer Claire , Bazellières Elsa , Thomé Virginie , Loiseau Etienne , Viallat Annie , Kodjabachian Laurent 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Ciliated epithelia perform essential functions in animals across evolution, ranging from locomotion of marine organisms to mucociliary clearance of airways in mammals. These epithelia are composed of multiciliated cells (MCCs) harboring myriads of motile cilia, which rest on modified centrioles called basal bodies (BBs), and beat coordinately to generate directed fluid flows. Thus, BB biogenesis and organization is central to MCC function. In basal eukaryotes, the coiled-coil domain proteins Lrrcc1 and Ccdc61 have previously been shown to be required for proper BB construction and function. Here, we used the Xenopus embryonic ciliated epidermis to characterize Lrrcc1 and Ccdc61 in vertebrate MCCs. We found that they both encode BB components, localized proximally at the junction with striated rootlets. Knocking down either gene caused defects in BB docking, spacing and polarization. Moreover, their depletion impaired the apical cytoskeleton and altered ciliary beating. Consequently, cilia-powered fluid flow was greatly reduced in morphant tadpoles, which displayed enhanced mortality when exposed to pathogenic bacteria. This work illustrates how integration across organizational scales make elementary BB components essential for the emergence of the physiological function of ciliated epithelia.