bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preceding anti-spike IgG levels predicted risk and severity of COVID-19 during the Omicron-dominant wave in Santa Fe city, Argentina
Authors: Eberhardt Ayelen T. , Simoncini Melina , Piña Carlos , Galoppo Germán , Parachú-Marco Virginia , Racca Andrea , Arce Sofía , Viotto Evangelina , Facelli Florencia , Valli Florencia , Botto Cecilia , Scarpa Leonardo , Junges Celina , Palavecino Cintia , Beccaria Camila , Sklar Diego , Mingo Graciela , Genolet Alicia , Muñoz de Toro Mónica , Aimar Hugo , Marignac Verónica , Bossio Juan Carlos , Armando Gustavo , Fernández Hugo , Beldomenico Pablo M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has increased infectivity and immune escape compared with previous variants, and caused the surge of massive COVID-19 waves globally. Despite a vast majority (~90%) of the population of Santa Fe city, Argentina had been vaccinated and/or had been infected by SARS-CoV-2 when Omicron emerged, the epidemic wave that followed its arrival was by far the largest one experienced in the city. A serosurvey conducted prior to the arrival of Omicron allowed to assess the acquired humoral defences preceding the wave and to conduct a longitudinal study to provide individual-level real-world data linking antibody levels and protection against COVID-19 during the wave. A very large proportion of 1455 sampled individuals had immunological memory against COVID-19 at the arrival of Omicron (almost 90%), and about half (48.9%) had high anti-spike immunoglobulin G levels (>200 UI/ml). However, the antibody titres varied greatly among the participants, and such variability depended mainly on the vaccine platform received, on having had COVID-19 previously and on the number of days elapsed since last antigen exposure (vaccine shot or natural infection). A follow-up of 514 participants provided real-world evidence of antibody-mediated protection against COVID-19 during a period of high risk of exposure to an immune-escaping highly transmissible variant. Pre-wave antibody titres were strongly negatively associated with COVID-19 incidence and severity of symptoms during the wave. Also, receiving a vaccine shot during the follow-up period reduced the COVID-19 risk drastically (15-fold). These results highlight the importance of maintaining high defences through vaccination at times of high risk of exposure to immune-escaping variants.
On economic modeling of carbon dioxide removal: values, bias, and norms for good policy-advising modeling
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon 
Published: November 2022

Non-technical summary
Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are important scientific tools for advising policymakers and the public on climate mitigation. Recent results of modeling exercises relied upon large amounts of techniques that can capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, undoing current and past emissions. I argue that the reliance on such techniques unduly shifts risk to future generations and away from current high emitting countries. From an ethical point of view, this is problematic. IAM studies need to be more explicit about the value positions that evidence of mitigation pathways depends upon and should represent a wider array of plausible value positions.

Technical summary
This paper analyzes the nonepistemic value judgments involved in modeling Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) techniques. The comparably high uncertainty of these techniques gives rise to epistemic risk when large-scale CDR is relied upon in most scenario evidence. Technological assumptions on CDR are thus entangled with nonepistemic value judgments. In particular, the reliance on large-scale CDR implies shifting risk to future generations and thereby gives a one-sided answer to questions of intergenerational justice. This bias in integrated assessment modeling is problematic given the policy-advising role of integrated modeling. Modeling climate mitigation should focus on transforming these implicit value positions into explicit scenario parameters and should aim to provide scenario evidence on the complete array of value-laden mitigation strategies.

Social media summary
The ethics of mitigation pathways, for example in relation to CDR, must be made transparent and plural.
Callisto's Atmosphere: First Evidence for H2 and Constraints on H2O
Authors: Carberry Mogan Shane R. , Tucker Orenthal J. , Johnson Robert E. , Roth Lorenz , Alday Juan , Vorburger Audrey , Wurz Peter , Galli Andre , Smith H. Todd , Marchand Benoit , Oza Apurva V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe explore the parameter space for the contribution to Callisto's H corona observed by the Hubble Space Telescope from sublimated H2O and radiolytically produced H2 using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. The spatial morphology of this corona produced via photoelectron and magnetospheric electron‐impact‐induced dissociation is described by tracking the motion of and simulating collisions between the hot H atoms and thermal molecules including a near‐surface O2 component. Our results indicate that sublimated H2O produced from the surface ice, whether assumed to be intimately mixed with or distinctly segregated from the dark nonice or ice‐poor regolith, cannot explain the observed structure of the H corona. On the other hand, a global H2 component can reproduce the observation, and is also capable of producing the enhanced electron densities observed at high altitudes by Galileo's plasma‐wave instrument, providing the first evidence of H2 in Callisto's atmosphere. The range of H2 surface densities explored, under a variety of conditions, that are consistent with these observations is ∼(0.4–1) × 108 cm−3. The simulated H2 escape rates and estimated lifetimes suggest that Callisto has a neutral H2 torus. We also place a rough upper limit on the peak H2O number density (≲108 cm−3), column density (≲1015 cm−2), and sublimation flux (≲1012 cm−2 s−1), all of which are 1–2 orders of magnitude less than that assumed in previous models. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results, as well as how they compare to Europa and Ganymede.
GATA-3 is a proto-oncogene in T-cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Geng Xiangrong , Wang Chenguang , Gao Xin , Chowdhury Pinki , Weiss Jonathan , Villegas José A. , Saed Badeia , Perera Thilini , Hu Ying , Reneau John , Sverdlov Maria , Wolfe Ashley , Brown Noah , Harms Paul , Bailey Nathanael G. , Inamdar Kedar , Hristov Alexandra C. , Tejasvi Trilokraj , Montes Jaime , Barrionuevo Carlos , Taxa Luis , Casavilca Sandro , de Pádua Covas Lage J. Luís Alberto , Culler Hebert Fabrício , Pereira Juliana , Runge John S. , Qin Tingting , Tsoi Lam C. , Hong Hanna S. , Zhang Li , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Ohe Rintaro , Toubai Tomomi , Zevallos-Morales Alejandro , Murga-Zamalloa Carlos , Wilcox Ryan A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeoplasms originating from thymic T-cell progenitors and post-thymic mature T-cell subsets account for a minority of lymphoproliferative neoplasms. These T-cell derived neoplasms, while molecularly and genetically heterogeneous, exploit transcription factors and signaling pathways that are critically important in normal T-cell biology, including those implicated in antigen-, costimulatory-, and cytokine-receptor signaling. The transcription factor GATA-3 regulates the growth and proliferation of both immature and mature T cells and has recently been implicated in T-cell neoplasms, including the most common mature T-cell lymphoma observed in much of the Western world. Here we show that GATA-3 is a proto-oncogene across the spectrum of T-cell neoplasms, including those derived from T-cell progenitors and their mature progeny, and further define the transcriptional programs that are GATA-3 dependent, which include therapeutically targetable gene products. The discovery that p300-dependent acetylation regulates GATA-3 mediated transcription by attenuating DNA binding has novel therapeutic implications. As most patients afflicted with GATA-3 driven T-cell neoplasms will succumb to their disease within a few years of diagnosis, these findings suggest opportunities to improve outcomes for these patients.
High-dose thiotepa, in conjunction with melphalan, followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with pediatric solid tumors, including brain tumors
Authors: Hara Junichi , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Maeda Naoko , Takahara-Matsubara Mariko , Sugimoto Saori , Goto Hiroaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmong pediatric malignancies, solid tumors, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS), are common. Thiotepa, a myeloablative, high-dose chemotherapeutic (HDT) treatment administered prior to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), can cross the blood-brain barrier and rapidly penetrate the CNS. We evaluated thiotepa HDT in conjunction with melphalan in Japanese patients with pediatric CNS/non-CNS solid tumors in a multicenter, open-label, non-comparative study. Thiotepa (200 mg/m2/day) was administered intravenously (IV) over 24 h on days −12, −11, −5, and −4 before scheduled HSCT. Melphalan (70 mg/m2/day) was administered IV over 1 h on days −11, −5, and −4. The safety analysis population comprised 41 patients, of whom 16 (39.0%) had solid tumors and 25 (61.0%) had brain tumors. The most frequently reported adverse events were diarrhea (40/41 [97.6%] patients) and febrile neutropenia (34/41 [82.9%]). No unexpected safety events were observed, and no events resulted in death or treatment discontinuation. All patients experienced bone marrow suppression and 39/41 (95.1%) achieved engraftment (neutrophil count ≥500/mm3 for 3 consecutive days after HSCT). The survival rate at day 100 post-autologous HSCT was 100%. These data confirm the safety of IV thiotepa plus melphalan HDT prior to autologous HSCT for patients with pediatric CNS/non-CNS solid tumors. Trial registration: JapicCTI-173654.
Loss of LXN promotes macrophage M2 polarization and PD-L2 expression contributing cancer immune-escape in mice
Authors: Li Yaping , Tan Yanhui , Li XiuZhen , Chen Xuanming , Wang Lingzhu , Zhang Lijun , Xu Shaohua , Huang Kebing , Shu Wei , Liang Hong , Chen Ming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLatexin (LXN) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and inflammatory response and as a tumor suppressor in many tumors. However, whether LXN regulates tumorigenesis through immune regulation remains uncertain. Here, we demonstrate that LXN deficiency increases hematopoietic stem cells, as well as affects the proportion of immune cells in the peripheral system. Animal studies show that mice loss of LXN promotes tumor growth in subcutaneous tumor model and AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer model. We found that loss of LXN promotes macrophage M2 polarization and PD-L2 expression in macrophage, thus, inhibits the function of T cells. Adoptive transfer of wild-type macrophage rescues the function of T cells in LXN-deficient mice. LXN deficiency in hematopoietic lineage exacerbates colorectal carcinogenesis, and targeted inhibition of PD-L2 ameliorates cancer growth in LXN-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that LXN inhibits STAT3 transcriptional activity by targeting inhibition of JAK1 in macrophages. LXN deficiency enhances PD-L2 expression rather than PD-L1 in macrophages, which lead to inhibition of T cells in tumor microenvironment. Collectively, we define a critical role of LXN/JAK1/STAT3 signal in macrophage and highlights the potential role of LXN in tumor immune-escape by regulating macrophage polarization, as well as the expression of immune checkpoint PD-L2.
Interaction between DLC-1 and SAO-1 facilitates CED-4 translocation during apoptosis in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Yang Haibin , Jiang Ling , Zhao Chan , Wang Mengjun , Hu Boyi , Yu Cong , Wei Zhiyi , Tse Yu Chung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractApoptosis is one of the major forms of programmed cell death, and it serves vital biological functions in multicellular animal and plant cells. The core mechanism of apoptosis is highly conserved in metazoans, where the translocation of CED-4/Apaf-1 from mitochondria to the nuclear membrane is required to initiate and execute apoptosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this translocation are poorly understood. In this study, we showed that SAO-1 binds DLC-1 and prevents its degradation to promote apoptosis in C. elegans germ cells. We demonstrated that SAO-1 and DLC-1 regulate CED-4/Apaf-1 nuclear membrane accumulation during apoptosis. Isothermal titration calorimetry-based assay and high-resolution crystal structure analysis further revealed that SAO-1 interacted with DLC-1 to form a 2:4 complex: each of the two β-sheets in the SAO-1 peptide interacted with two DLC-1 dimers. Point mutations at the SAO-1-DLC-1 binding interface significantly inhibited apoptotic corpse formation and CED-4 nuclear membrane accumulation within C. elegans germ cells. In conclusion, our study provides a new perspective on the regulation of CED-4-mediated apoptosis.
Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of complement component 4A is increased in first episode schizophrenia
Authors: Gracias Jessica , Orhan Funda , Hörbeck Elin , Holmén-Larsson Jessica , Khanlarkani Neda , Malwade Susmita , Goparaju Sravan K. , Schwieler Lilly , Demirel İlknur Ş. , Fu Ting , Fatourus-Bergman Helena , Pelanis Aurimantas , Goold Carleton P. , Goulding Anneli , Annerbrink Kristina , Isgren Anniella , Sparding Timea , Schalling Martin , Yañez Viviana A. Carcamo , Göpfert Jens C. , Nilsson Johanna , Brinkmalm Ann , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Engberg Göran , Piehl Fredrik , Sheridan Steven D. , Perlis Roy H. , Cervenka Simon , Erhardt Sophie , Landen Mikael , Sellgren Carl M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPostsynaptic density is reduced in schizophrenia, and risk variants increasing complement component 4A (C4A) gene expression are linked to excessive synapse elimination. In two independent cohorts, we show that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) C4A concentration is elevated in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) who develop schizophrenia (FEP-SCZ: median 0.41 fmol/ul [CI = 0.34–0.45], FEP-non-SCZ: median 0.29 fmol/ul [CI = 0.22–0.35], healthy controls: median 0.28 [CI = 0.24–0.33]). We show that the CSF elevation of C4A in FEP-SCZ exceeds what can be expected from genetic risk variance in the C4 locus, and in patient-derived cellular models we identify a mechanism dependent on the disease-associated cytokines interleukin (IL)−1beta and IL-6 to selectively increase neuronal C4A mRNA expression. In patient-derived CSF, we confirm that IL-1beta correlates with C4A controlled for genetically predicted C4A RNA expression (r = 0.39; CI: 0.01–0.68). These results suggest a role of C4A in early schizophrenia pathophysiology.
Photonic quadrupole topological insulator using orbital-induced synthetic flux
Authors: Schulz Julian , Noh Jiho , Benalcazar Wladimir A. , Bahl Gaurav , von Freymann Georg 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rich physical properties of multiatomic crystals are determined, to a significant extent, by the underlying geometry and connectivity of atomic orbitals. The mixing of orbitals with distinct parity representations, such as s and p orbitals, has been shown to be useful for generating systems that require alternating phase patterns, as with the sign of couplings within a lattice. Here we show that by breaking the symmetries of such mixed-orbital lattices, it is possible to generate synthetic magnetic flux threading the lattice. We use this insight to experimentally demonstrate quadrupole topological insulators in two-dimensional photonic lattices, leveraging both s and p orbital-type modes. We confirm the nontrivial quadrupole topology by observing the presence of protected zero-dimensional states, which are spatially confined to the corners, and by confirming that these states sit at mid-gap. Our approach is also applicable to a broader range of time-reversal-invariant synthetic materials that do not allow for tailored connectivity, and in which synthetic fluxes are essential.
Constraining extreme precipitation projections using past precipitation variability
Authors: Zhang Wenxia , Furtado Kalli , Zhou Tianjun , Wu Peili , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProjected changes of future precipitation extremes exhibit substantial uncertainties among climate models, posing grand challenges to climate actions and adaptation planning. Practical methods for narrowing the projection uncertainty remain elusive. Here, using large model ensembles, we show that the uncertainty in projections of future extratropical extreme precipitation is significantly correlated with the model representations of present-day precipitation variability. Models with weaker present-day precipitation variability tend to project larger increases in extreme precipitation occurrences under a given global warming increment. This relationship can be explained statistically using idealized distributions for precipitation. This emergent relationship provides a powerful constraint on future projections of extreme precipitation from observed present-day precipitation variability, which reduces projection uncertainty by 20–40% over extratropical regions. Because of the widespread impacts of extreme precipitation, this has not only provided useful insights into understanding uncertainties in current model projections, but is also expected to bring potential socio-economic benefits in climate change adaptation planning.
Subcutaneous power supply by NIR-II light
Authors: Lyu Shanzhi , He Yonglin , Tao Xinglei , Yao Yuge , Huang Xiangyi , Ma Yingchao , Peng Zhimin , Ding Yanjun , Wang Yapei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImplantable medical devices are wished to be recharged via contactless power transfer technologies without interventional operations. Superior to subcutaneous power supply by visible light or electromagnetic wave, second near-infrared (NIR-II) light is predicted to possess 60 times subcutaneous power transmission but hard to be utilized. Here we report a photo-thermal-electric converter via the combination of photothermal conversion and thermoelectric conversion. It is able to generate an output power as high as 195 mW under the coverage of excised tissues, presenting advantages of non-invasion, high output power, negligible biological damage, and deep tissue penetration. As an in vivo demonstration, the output power of a packaged converter in the abdominal cavity of a rabbit reaches 20 mW under NIR-II light irradiation through the rabbit skin with a thickness of 8.5 mm. This value is high enough to recharge an implanted high-power-consumption wireless camera and transfer video signal out of body in real-time.
Inflammation and immune activation are associated with risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in BCG-vaccinated infants
Authors: Satti Iman , Wittenberg Rachel E. , Li Shuailin , Harris Stephanie A. , Tanner Rachel , Cizmeci Deniz , Jacobs Ashley , Williams Nicola , Mulenga Humphrey , Fletcher Helen A. , Scriba Thomas J. , Tameris Michele , Hatherill Mark , McShane Helen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTuberculosis vaccine development is hindered by the lack of validated immune correlates of protection. Exploring immune correlates of risk of disease and/or infection in prospective samples can inform this field. We investigate whether previously identified immune correlates of risk of TB disease also associate with increased risk of M.tb infection in BCG-vaccinated South African infants, who became infected with M.tb during 2-3 years of follow-up. M.tb infection is defined by conversion to positive reactivity in the QuantiFERON test. We demonstrate that inflammation and immune activation are associated with risk of M.tb infection. Ag85A-specific IgG is elevated in infants that were subsequently infected with M.tb, and this is coupled with upregulated gene expression of immunoglobulin-associated genes and type-I interferon. Plasma levels of IFN-$$\alpha$$
α
2, TNF-$$\alpha$$
α
, CXCL10 (IP-10) and complement C2 are also higher in infants that were subsequently infected with M.tb.
Generating intense electric fields in 2D materials by dual ionic gating
Authors: Weintrub Benjamin I. , Hsieh Yu-Ling , Kovalchuk Sviatoslav , Kirchhof Jan N. , Greben Kyrylo , Bolotin Kirill I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe application of an electric field through two-dimensional materials (2DMs) modifies their properties. For example, a bandgap opens in semimetallic bilayer graphene while the bandgap shrinks in few-layer 2D semiconductors. The maximum electric field strength achievable in conventional devices is limited to ≤0.3 V/nm by the dielectric breakdown of gate dielectrics. Here, we overcome this limit by suspending a 2DM between two volumes of ionic liquid (IL) with independently controlled potentials. The potential difference between the ILs falls across an ultrathin layer consisting of the 2DM and the electrical double layers above and below it, producing an intense electric field larger than 4 V/nm. This field is strong enough to close the bandgap of few-layer WSe2, thereby driving a semiconductor-to-metal transition. The ability to apply fields an order of magnitude higher than what is possible in dielectric-gated devices grants access to previously-inaccessible phenomena occurring in intense electric fields.
Cooperative assembly of p97 complexes involved in replication termination
Authors: Kochenova Olga V. , Mukkavalli Sirisha , Raman Malavika , Walter Johannes C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe p97 ATPase extracts polyubiquitylated proteins from diverse cellular structures in preparation for destruction by the proteasome. p97 functions with Ufd1-Npl4 and a variety of UBA-UBX co-factors, but how p97 complexes assemble on ubiquitylated substrates is unclear. To address this, we investigated how p97 disassembles the CMG helicase after it is ubiquitylated during replication termination. We show that p97Ufd1-Npl4 recruitment to CMG requires the UBA-UBX protein Ubxn7, and conversely, stable Ubxn7 binding to CMG requires p97Ufd1-Npl4. This cooperative assembly involves interactions between Ubxn7, p97, Ufd1-Npl4, and ubiquitin. Another p97 co-factor, Faf1, partially compensates for the loss of Ubxn7. Surprisingly, p97Ufd1-Npl4-Ubxn7 and p97Ufd1-Npl4-Faf1 also assemble cooperatively on unanchored ubiquitin chains. We propose that cooperative and substrate-independent recognition of ubiquitin chains allows p97 to recognize an unlimited number of polyubiquitylated proteins while avoiding the formation of partial, inactive complexes.
RG/RGG repeats in the C. elegans homologs of Nucleolin and GAR1 contribute to sub-nucleolar phase separation
Authors: Spaulding Emily L. , Feidler Alexis M. , Cook Lio A. , Updike Dustin L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe intrinsically disordered RG/RGG repeat domain is found in several nucleolar and P-granule proteins, but how it influences their phase separation into biomolecular condensates is unclear. We survey all RG/RGG repeats in C. elegans and uncover nucleolar and P-granule-specific RG/RGG motifs. An uncharacterized protein, K07H8.10, contains the longest nucleolar-like RG/RGG domain in C. elegans. Domain and sequence similarity, as well as nucleolar localization, reveals K07H8.10 (NUCL-1) to be the homolog of Nucleolin, a protein conserved across animals, plants, and fungi, but previously thought to be absent in nematodes. Deleting the RG/RGG repeats within endogenous NUCL-1 and a second nucleolar protein, GARR-1 (GAR1), demonstrates these domains are dispensable for nucleolar accumulation. Instead, their RG/RGG repeats contribute to the phase separation of proteins into nucleolar sub-compartments. Despite this common RG/RGG repeat function, only removal of the GARR-1 RG/RGG domain affects worm fertility and development, decoupling precise sub-nucleolar structure from nucleolar function.