bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The endophytic Aspergillus strains: A bountiful source of natural products
Authors: Hagag Ahmed , Abdelwahab Miada F. , Abd El-kader Adel M. , Fouad Mostafa A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fungi that invade plant inner tissues without inducing disease symptoms are known as fungal endophytes. They represent a promising and tremendous reservoir of natural products with valuable biological potentials for application in medicine, agriculture and industry. Among the numerous existing endophytic fungi, Aspergillus strains constitute one of the most prolific sources of secondary metabolites with diverse chemical classes and interesting biological activities. This review covers the literature of the year 2020, reporting the isolation of 202 compounds obtained from more than 10 different endophytic Aspergillus species associated with different host plants. Analysis and interpretation of the collected data revealed that chemical investigation of endophytes belonging to the genus Aspergillus may greatly contribute to the discovery of potential drug leads. The isolated metabolites were chemically various and exhibited diverse biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-plasmodial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunosuppressive and antifungal activities. Moreover, adoption of advanced technology in molecular biology together with modern chemical tools is anticipated to improve the discovery of new biopharmaceuticals from this valuable microbial world in the future.
Perceptions and help‐seeking behaviours among community‐dwelling older people with urinary incontinence: A systematic integrative review
Authors: Yan Fang , Xiao Lily D. , Zhou Keyi , Li Zeen , Tang Siyuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo synthesize research evidence on perceptions and help‐seeking behaviours in community‐dwelling older people with urinary incontinence based on the Capability‐Opportunity‐Motivation‐Behaviours model.BackgroundUrinary incontinence is highly prevalent in community‐dwelling older people, yet only a small proportion seek help from health professionals. Untreated urinary incontinence has a detrimental impact on older people's quality of life and distresses their caregivers.DesignSystematic integrative review.Data sourcesTen databases were searched systematically between 9 November 2020 and 17 December 2020 including Medline (PubMed), CINAHL, Ageline, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Psyclnfo, CNKI, Wanfang and Vip.Review methodsQuality appraisal was applied to assess the quality of selected articles. Data relevant to the review aim were extracted from included articles for analysis. Convergent qualitative synthesis was used to synthesize findings.ResultsTwenty articles were included and two main themes with six sub‐themes were identified. Theme one described three common perceptions including urinary incontinence as a part of normal ageing, a stigma and a health problem. Each perception had a profound impact on older people's motivation to self‐report the problem to health professionals. Theme two revealed three main help‐seeking approaches comprising self‐help, help from friends and help from health professionals. Of these, self‐help was the dominant approach used to conceal urinary incontinence and contributed to social isolation.ConclusionImproving urinary incontinence management in community‐dwelling older people requires the development of their capability and motivation, and increased opportunities to access and gain help from skilled health professionals.ImpactFindings can facilitate resource development to improve health literacy for the general public pertinent to urinary incontinence and associated stigma. Moreover, findings can inform a user‐friendly reporting and referral system for the problem. In addition, findings can inform education and skill training for health professionals, older people and their caregivers to effectively manage the problem.
The P‐Word: Power aversion and responsibility aversion as explanations for the avoidance of power
Authors: Hull Kathryn E. , Overbeck Jennifer R. , Smillie Luke D. , Howe Piers D. L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThough we typically think that power is desirable, individuals will sometimes avoid power. One explanation for this behavior is some individuals are averse to the responsibility associated with power and will therefore avoid positions of power. However, people may also avoid power because they perceive it as being inherently negative. This is supported by research on lay theories of power, which suggests that those who endorse the coercive lay theory perceive powerful people as manipulative and deceitful. In this paper, we propose a new theory of power aversion that expands upon the coercive lay theory to more thoroughly explain how negative perceptions of power cause some individuals to avoid it. We draw from previous research to identify specific negative traits associated with power. Based on this, we propose that some power‐averse individuals believe that possessing power will turn them into immoral, cold, selfish, and unjust people. For this reason, they avoid power. We also consider the relationship between power aversion and responsibility aversion and suggest a convergence between research on responsibility aversion and lay theories of power.
Photoperiod‐independent diapause‐inducing thermal response of Trichogramma larvae: Pattern and mechanisms
Authors: Reznik Sergey , Voinovich Natalia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is well known that photoperiodic induction of insect diapause can be affected by temperature, whereas photoperiod‐independent diapause‐inducing thermal responses received much less attention of researchers. We studied the influence of a wide range (from 3 to 30°C) of constant and alternating temperatures on the rate of development, on pre‐adult survival and on the induction of pre‐pupal diapause in the egg parasitoid Trichogramma telengai. The progeny of females developed at 20°C and photoperiod of L:D = 18:6 or 12:12 was used in this study. The study showed that the pattern of the thermal response of T. telengai is an asymmetric inverted U‐shaped curve determined by two different mechanisms. The right part of the curve represents S‐shaped effect of temperature on the induction of diapause (the threshold for this response is 13–15°C depending on maternal photoperiod), whereas the left part represents an arrest of development caused by the direct effect of low temperature (with the threshold of about 5°C). We conclude that the effect of temperature on the induction of diapause in T. telengai is based on (or at least closely connected with) the thermal influence on the rate of metabolism and development. The results of this study can be used for the prediction of Trichogramma diapause incidence under natural conditions and for the development of the cold storage methods.
Women Electing Oocyte Cryopreservation: Characteristics, Information Sources, and Oocyte Disposition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Giannopapa Maria , Sakellaridi Anna , Pana Anastasia , Velonaki Venetia Sofia 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionRecently, there is a growing interest in cryopreservation for nonmedical reasons, widely known as planned oocyte cryopreservation. This review aims to summarize and understand the characteristics of women who undergo or consider planned oocyte cryopreservation, identify their initial sources of information, and describe the oocyte disposition. This information should assist health professionals with shared decision‐making.MethodsA systematic review was performed and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to January 2021 without any limitation on publication date. Studies were included if they were in English and examined the characteristics of users or potential users of planned oocyte cryopreservation, initial information sources, and the oocyte disposition. Extracted data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The methodological quality of the recruited studies was assessed with the QualSyst criteria.ResultsOf 1074 initially retrieved records, 29 met the inclusion criteria, including 12 qualitative and 17 quantitative studies. Response rates of surveys ranged between 38% and 85%. Most of the users or potential users of planned oocyte cryopreservation were single, highly educated, and employed and had a mean age of 37 years. Media and friends were the most common sources of initial knowledge about planned oocyte cryopreservation, and health professionals were a less common source. The majority of planned oocyte cryopreservation users did not attempt pregnancy with their frozen oocytes, yet they did not regret having undergone the procedure. The results regarding the disposition intentions of unused frozen oocytes are inconsistent.DiscussionMost of the users or potential users of planned oocyte cryopreservation have specific demographic characteristics and do not ultimately use their cryopreserved oocytes. Unused oocytes can be discarded or donated to other women or to research. By understanding the main characteristics of potential users of planned oocyte cryopreservation, health professionals can provide proper counseling and support effective decision‐making.
Efficacy of a topical serum containing L‐ascorbic acid, neohesperidin, pycnogenol, tocopherol, and hyaluronic acid in relation to skin aging signs
Authors: Neves Juliane Rocio , Grether‐Beck Susanne , Krutmann Jean , Correia Priscila , Gonçalves José Euzébio , Sant’Anna Beatriz , Kerob Delphine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging is a process regulated by chronological aging and amplified by exposome factors including chronic UV exposure and pollution, which both induce reactive oxygen species. Topical antioxidants have the potential to counteract this process and to improve skin aging signs, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of a topical antioxidant serum containing 15% L‐ascorbic acid, neohesperidin, Pinus pinaster bark, tocopherol, and hyaluronic acid (HA) ex vivo on air pollution‐induced pigmentation and gene expression, as well as in vivo on skin aging signs in Brazilian volunteers, after 90 days of use.MethodsEx vivo human skin samples were repetitively exposed to Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEP) and subsequently analyzed for changes in pigmentation and gene expression. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 40 healthy adult females with phototype II to IV and visible photoaging signs, including facial hyperpigmentation, through dermatological evaluation and instrumental analysis including Reflectance Confocal Microscopy.ResultsEx vivo, the topical antioxidant serum significantly reduced DEP‐induced skin pigmentation and expression of proinflammatory genes. A significant improvement of skin aging signs was observed after 90 days. Local tolerance was good.ConclusionThe tested serum is effective in protecting human skin ex vivo against air pollution‐induced skin pigmentation/aging and reduced in vivo skin aging signs, with a good safety profile after 90 days of daily use.
A retrospective analysis of the uses of BoNT‐A in daily dermatological practice
Authors: Hügül Hüray , Özkoca Defne , Kutlubay Zekayi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionBotulinum toxin‐A (BoNT‐A) has been increasingly used in the cosmetic dermatology daily routine. The treatment areas of BoNT‐A are glabellar lines, forehead wrinkles, periorbital lines (crow's feet), eyebrow lifting, perioral lines, platysmal bands, masseter hypertrophy, and hyperhidrosis. The aim of this study was to reveal the epidemiologic characteristics of the patients treated with BoNT‐A and the frequencies of treatment areas.Patient and MethodsThe patients were grouped into five categories: facial wrinkles, platysmal bands, masseter hypertrophy, axillary hyperhidrosis, and palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. Each patient received either onabotulinum toxin‐A (diluted with 2 cc saline) or abobotulinum toxin‐A (diluted with 3 cc saline) treatment. The patients' age, gender, and the total numbers of treatment received in each area were noted. SPSS version 21 was used for the statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 1614 patients were included: 165 (6.5%) male and 1509 (93.5%) female. There is no difference between genders in terms of treatment area (p = 0.855). The number of treatment sessions is independent of the patients’ gender (p = 0.703). The mean age of the patients was 46.6 years. There is a relationship between the patients’ age and treatment area (sig 0.000). There is no relationship between the number of repetitive treatments and the patients’ age (p=0.081). The number of repetitive treatments is dependent to the treatment area (p < 0.001).ConclusionFacial wrinkles, platysmal bands, and masseter hypertrophy are the most commonly treated areas. The treatment area is dependent on the age as platysmal bands are more commonly treated in older patients; however, no relationship between gender and treatment area was found. BoNT‐A treatment for hyperhidrosis is not as commonly repeated as for that of cosmetic concerns.
Labour is labour: what surrogates can learn from the Sex Work Is Work movement
Authors: ARMSTRONG SYLVIE 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThough it is widely accepted that United Kingdom (UK) surrogacy laws are in need of reform, how they should be reformed remains a matter of considerable disagreement. This article explores a new regulatory suggestion: labour law. Building on the extensive sociological and anthropological literature that has conceptualized contract pregnancy as a form of work, it considers whether and how this might translate into a new regulatory framework, drawing on the Sex Work Is Work movement for inspiration. Though recognizing that this would require substantial changes to some of the present features of UK surrogacy law, it shows that there may be significant potential in this pre‐existing set of protections, improving the position of surrogates without dramatically changing the culture of the practice.
Association between sleep bruxism, use of antidepressants, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Massahud Maria Letícia de Barros , Bruzinga Fábio Fernandes Borém , Diniz Silvana Alkmim de Miranda , Seraidarian Karolina Kristian de Aguilar , Lopes Regina de Magalhães , Barros Vinícius de Magalhães , Seraidarian Paulo Isaias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSleep bruxism (SB) is a condition regulated centrally, with a multifactorial etiology, which can occur secondary to systemic disorders and the use of certain medications.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify associations between SB, obstructive sleep apnea, and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and the use of antidepressants.Material and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 240 individuals underwent full‐night polysomnography for medical reasons. Anamnesis was performed to collect data about the use of antidepressants and general health conditions. Polysomnography was performed to analyse sleep data and assess respiratory‐related events and apnea and hypopnea index (AHI). The polysomnographic assessment of SB was performed, from electrodes placed on masseter muscles and chin. SB was defined by the presence of more than two events of rhythmic masticatory muscles activity per hour of sleep. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the presence of SB and AHI, the severity of OSAHS, and the use of antidepressants.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between bruxers and non‐bruxers when comparing AHI (48.28 ± 25.84; p = .001) and severity of OSAHS (p = .015). Regarding the use of antidepressants, comparative analyses did not show correlations with bruxism (p = .072). However, logistic regression suggests that the use of these medications may represent increased odds for SB development (OR =2.387; p = .005).ConclusionThe relationship between the use of antidepressants and SB remains inconclusive. SB is associated with OSAHS, mainly in its severe form. Therefore, identifying SB can raise the suspicion of the occurrence of other systemic disturbances.
The meanings of tolerance: Discursive usage in a case of ‘identity politics’
Authors: Verkuyten Maykel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe notion of tolerance is widely embraced across many settings and is generally considered critical for the peaceful functioning of plural societies, and within organizations, institutions, and many professions. However, the concept of tolerance has various meanings and can be discursively used in different ways and for different purposes. The various understandings and their usage can have different implications for normative views and real‐world decision making. This paper focuses on two main understandings of tolerance and how these are flexibly used in a debate about the case in which a social work student was excluded from further study by an university committee. This case serves as a particular illumination of the broader societal context of ‘cultural wars’ and ‘identity politics’ in which the notion of tolerance features prominently. It is examined how those who did and did not support the university decision deployed in different ways the notion of tolerance. It is concluded that tolerance has different cultural meanings which can be used for various ends in debates about contentious issues and for justifying or criticizing impactful decisions.
Interembodiment, Inheritance, and Intergenerational Health
Authors: Bunkley Emma Nelson 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article introduces the concept of interembodiment, animated bodily entanglements between people, to illustrate the shared sense of illness that transgresses discrete biological bodies. Drawing on 15 months of ethnographic research in Senegal, West Africa, this article expands common understandings of inheritance and intergenerational health by exploring how women caring for others with metabolic disorders come to interembody the afflicted's symptoms, regardless of their own diagnostic status. These experiences trouble the clear distinction between communicability and noncommunicability and disrupt Western understandings of unshared biologies. Through the concept of interembodiment, we can see how noncommunicable diseases come to be communicated. Interembodiment helps explain aspects of intergenerational health between mothers and daughters and allows for broader understandings that encompass multiple biologies. Shifting the focus of health and illness from the individual to multiple interembodied biologies allows for a more nuanced understanding of disease and disease transmission, which could enable global health and public health programs to better address noncommunicable diseases around the world.
Pediatric spinal anesthesia at a tertiary care hospital: Eleven years after
Authors: Eizaga Rebollar Ramón , García Palacios María Victoria , Morales Guerrero Javier , Torres Morera Luis Miguel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric spinal anesthesia is an old technique whose use is not widespread, in spite of reducing the risk of cardiorespiratory events (hypoxemia, bradycardia, and hypotension) associated with general anesthesia, especially in neonates and infants. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the pediatric spinal anesthesia program at our tertiary care hospital over 11 years.MethodsTwo hundred children, between 8 days and 13 years of age, who underwent lower body surgery under spinal anesthesia from May 2010 to July 2021 were included. Demographic and procedural data were collected, and success, failure, and complication rates calculated.ResultsThe success rate was 97.5% (n = 195). The incidence of complications was 2% (n = 4). They were 2 cases of intraoperative hypoxemia and 2 cases of postoperative postdural puncture headache , and they quickly resolved with no sequelae.ConclusionPediatric spinal anesthesia is a safe and effective technique with good acceptance among anesthesiologists. Thus, the implementation of a pediatric spinal anesthesia program at a tertiary care hospital is feasible and affordable.
Morbidity and mortality following noncardiac surgical procedures among children with autosomal trisomy
Authors: Matthews Leslie J. , Mpody Christian , Nafiu Olubukola O. , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrisomy 13 (T13), trisomy 18 (T18), and trisomy 21 (T21) are the most common autosomal trisomies. One unifying feature of all trisomies is their association with major congenital malformations, which often require life‐prolonging surgical procedures. Few studies, mostly among cardiac surgery patients, have examined the outcome of those who undergo surgical procedures. We examined the differences in postsurgical outcomes between the trisomy groups.MethodUsing the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset, we identified children (<18 years of age) with T13, T18, or T21 who underwent noncardiac surgery (2012–2018). We estimated the incidence of mortality and indicator of resource utilization (unplanned reoperation, unplanned tracheal reintubation, and extended length of hospital stay).ResultsOf the 349 158 inpatient surgical cases during the study period, we identified 4202 children with one of the autosomal trisomies of interest (T13: 152; T18: 335; and T21: 3715). The rates of postoperative mortality were substantially higher for T18 and T13 than T21 and nontrisomy children (T18 vs. T21: 11.1% vs. 1.6%, adjusted odds ratio: 5.01, 95%CI: 2.89,8.70, p < .01), (T13 vs. T21: 8.1% vs. 1.6%, adjusted odds ratio: 2.86, 95%CI: 1.25,6.54, p = .01). Children with T18 had the highest rates of extended length of stay (62.7%) and prolonged mechanical ventilation (32.5%). T18 and T13 neonates had the highest surgical mortality burden (T13: 26.5%, T18: 31.8%, and T21: 2.8%).ConclusionApproximately, one‐third of T18 and T13 neonates, who had surgery, died, underscoring the lethality of these trisomies and the need for a comprehensive preoperative ethical discussion with families of these children.
Genome‐wide association study for yield‐related traits in sesame (Sesamum Indicum)
Authors: Tesfaye Tewodros , Tesfaye Kassahun , Keneni Gemechu , Alemu Tesfahun , Alemu Admas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSesame is an important oil crop in Ethiopia and other regions in terms of both area coverage and production. However, productivity is low due to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, dissecting the genetic basis of quantitatively inherited yield‐related traits is instrumental to developing stable and high‐yielding varieties. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was performed with a diverse set of 300 sesame accessions tested in two environments and 2997 SNP markers. In total, 21 significant marker–trait associations (MTAs) were detected for seven yield‐related traits, including days to flower initiation (DFI), days to 50% flowering (DF), days to physiological maturity (DM), capsule length (CAPL), seeds per capsule (SPC), 1000‐seed weight (TSW) and bacterial blight (BBL). The majority of MTAs detected on LG 3, 7 and 8 were associated with traits related to physiological periods. Dissecting genetic control of flowering time and maturity has a pivotal contribution to fostering sesame breeding and developing new varieties adaptable to changing climatic conditions. Our GWAS results will assist in incorporating alleles into the elite sesame germplasm through marker‐assisted selection.