bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in frontoparietal plasticity in humans
Authors: Boroshok Austin L. , Park Anne T. , Fotiadis Panagiotis , Velasquez Gerardo H. , Tooley Ursula A. , Simon Katrina R. , Forde Jasmine C. P. , Delgado Reyes Lourdes M. , Tisdall M. Dylan , Bassett Dani S. , Cooper Emily A. , Mackey Allyson P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeuroplasticity, defined as the brain’s potential to change in response to its environment, has been extensively studied at the cellular and molecular levels. Work in animal models suggests that stimulation to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) enhances plasticity, and that myelination constrains plasticity. Little is known, however, about whether proxy measures of these properties in the human brain are associated with learning. Here, we investigated the plasticity of the frontoparietal system by asking whether VTA resting-state functional connectivity and myelin map values (T1w/T2w ratios) predicted learning after short-term training on the adaptive n-back (n = 46, ages 18–25). We found that stronger baseline connectivity between VTA and lateral prefrontal cortex predicted greater improvements in accuracy. Lower myelin map values predicted improvements in response times, but not accuracy. Our findings suggest that proxy markers of neural plasticity can predict learning in humans.
Chimeric adenoviral (Ad5.F35) and listeria vector prime-boost immunization is safe and effective for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Flickinger John C. , Staudt Ross E. , Singh Jagmohan , Carlson Robert D. , Barton Joshua R. , Baybutt Trevor R. , Rappaport Jeffrey A. , Zalewski Alicja , Pattison Amanda , Waldman Scott A. , Snook Adam E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStrategies to augment immunity to self/neoantigens expressed by cancers are urgently needed to expand the proportion of patients benefiting from immunotherapy, particularly for GI cancers where only a fraction of patients respond to immunotherapies. However, current vaccine strategies are limited by poor immunogenicity, pre-existing vector-specific immunity, and vaccine-induced vector-specific immunity. Here, we examined a prime-boost strategy using a chimeric adenoviral vector (Ad5.F35) that resists pre-existing immunity followed by recombinant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) to amplify immunity to the GI cancer antigen GUCY2C. This previously unexplored combination enhanced the quantity, avidity, polyfunctionality, and antitumor efficacy of GUCY2C-specific effector CD8+ T cells, without toxicity in any tissue, including GUCY2C-expressing intestines and brain. Importantly, this combination was partially resistant to pre-existing immunity to Ad5 which is endemic in human populations and vector-specific immunity did not limit the ability of multiple Lm administrations to repeatedly enhance GUCY2C-specific responses. Broadly, these findings suggest that cancer patient immunizations targeting self/neoantigens, as well as immunizations for difficult infectious diseases (HIV, malaria, etc), may be most successful using a combination of Ad5.F35-based priming, followed by Lm-based boosting. More specifically, Lm-GUCY2C may be utilized to amplify GUCY2C-specific immunity in patients receiving adenovirus-based GUCY2C vaccines currently in clinical trials to prevent or treat recurrent GI cancer.
Engineering the hydroxyl content on aluminum oxyhydroxide nanorod for elucidating the antigen adsorption behavior
Authors: Yu Ge , Liang Zhihui , Yu Zilan , Li Min , Yang Wenqi , Zhang Yawei , Zhao Yuhang , Yang Cheng , Xue Changying , Shi Li , Sun Bingbing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe interaction between the aluminum salt-based adjuvants and the antigen in the vaccine formulation is one of the determining factors affecting the immuno-potentiation effect of vaccines. However, it is not clear how the intrinsic properties of the adjuvants could affect this interaction, which limits to benefit the improvement of existing adjuvants and further formulation of new vaccines. Here, we engineered aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) nanorods and used a variety of antigens including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) to identify the key physicochemical properties of adjuvant that determine the antigen adsorption at the nano-bio interface between selected antigen and AlOOH nanorod adjuvant. By using various physicochemical and biophysical characterization methods, it was demonstrated that the surface hydroxyl contents of AlOOH nanorods affected the adsorptive strength of the antigen and their specific surface area determined the adsorptive capacity of the antigen. In addition, surface hydroxyl contents had an impact on the stability of the adsorbed antigen. By engineering the key intrinsic characteristics of aluminum-based adjuvants, the antigen adsorption behavior with the aluminum adjuvant could be regulated. This will facilitate the design of vaccine formulations to optimize the adsorption and stability of the antigen in vaccine.
Combining interventions to reduce the spread of viral misinformation
Authors: Bak-Coleman Joseph B. , Kennedy Ian , Wack Morgan , Beers Andrew , Schafer Joseph S. , Spiro Emma S. , Starbird Kate , West Jevin D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMisinformation online poses a range of threats, from subverting democratic processes to undermining public health measures. Proposed solutions range from encouraging more selective sharing by individuals to removing false content and accounts that create or promote it. Here we provide a framework to evaluate interventions aimed at reducing viral misinformation online both in isolation and when used in combination. We begin by deriving a generative model of viral misinformation spread, inspired by research on infectious disease. By applying this model to a large corpus (10.5 million tweets) of misinformation events that occurred during the 2020 US election, we reveal that commonly proposed interventions are unlikely to be effective in isolation. However, our framework demonstrates that a combined approach can achieve a substantial reduction in the prevalence of misinformation. Our results highlight a practical path forward as misinformation online continues to threaten vaccination efforts, equity and democratic processes around the globe.
Effects of a healthy lifestyle intervention and COVID-19-adjusted training curriculum on firefighter recruits
Authors: Lan Fan-Yun , Scheibler Christopher , Hershey Maria Soledad , Romero-Cabrera Juan Luis , Gaviola Gabriel C. , Yiannakou Ioanna , Fernandez-Montero Alejandro , Christophi Costas A. , Christiani David C. , Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Kales Stefanos N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere are knowledge gaps regarding healthy lifestyle (HLS) interventions in fire academy settings and also concerning the impacts of the pandemic on training. We enrolled fire recruits from two fire academies (A and B) in New England in early 2019 as the historical control group, and recruits from academies in New England (B) and Florida (C), respectively, during the pandemic as the intervention group. The three academies have similar training environments and curricula. The exposures of interest were a combination of (1) an HLS intervention and (2) impacts of the pandemic on training curricula and environs (i.e. social distancing, masking, reduced class size, etc.). We examined the health/fitness changes throughout training. The follow-up rate was 78%, leaving 92 recruits in the historical control group and 55 in the intervention group. The results show an HLS intervention improved the effects of fire academy training on recruits healthy behaviors (MEDI-lifestyle score, 0.5 ± 1.4 vs. − 0.3 ± 1.7), systolic blood pressure (− 7.2 ± 10.0 vs. 2.9 ± 12.9 mmHg), and mental health (Beck Depression score, − 0.45 ± 1.14 vs. − 0.01 ± 1.05) (all P < 0.05). The associations remained significant after multivariable adjustments. Moreover, a 1-point MEDI-lifestyle increment during academy training is associated with about 2% decrement in blood pressures over time, after multivariable adjustments (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, the impacts of pandemic restrictions on academy procedures compromised physical fitness training, namely in percent body fat, push-ups, and pull-ups.
A hybrid biological neural network model for solving problems in cognitive planning
Authors: Powell Henry , Winkel Mathias , Hopp Alexander V. , Linde Helmut 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA variety of behaviors, like spatial navigation or bodily motion, can be formulated as graph traversal problems through cognitive maps. We present a neural network model which can solve such tasks and is compatible with a broad range of empirical findings about the mammalian neocortex and hippocampus. The neurons and synaptic connections in the model represent structures that can result from self-organization into a cognitive map via Hebbian learning, i.e. into a graph in which each neuron represents a point of some abstract task-relevant manifold and the recurrent connections encode a distance metric on the manifold. Graph traversal problems are solved by wave-like activation patterns which travel through the recurrent network and guide a localized peak of activity onto a path from some starting position to a target state.
Disparities in outcomes among patients diagnosed with cancer in proximity to an emergency department visit
Authors: Pettit Nicholas , Sarmiento Elisa , Kline Jeffrey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA suspected diagnosis of cancer in the emergency department (ED) may be associated with poor outcomes, related to health disparities, however data are limited. This is a retrospective observational cohort of the Indiana State Department of Health Cancer Registry, and the Indiana Network for Patient Care. First time cancer diagnoses appearing in the registry between January 2013 and December 2017 were included. Cases identified as patients who had an ED visit in the 6 months before their cancer diagnosis; controls had no preceding ED visits. The primary outcome was mortality, comparing ED-associated mortality to non-ED-associated. 134,761 first-time cancer patients were identified, including 15,432 (11.5%) cases. The mean age was same at 65, more of the cases were Black than the controls (12.4% vs 7.4%, P < .0001) and more were low income (36.4%. vs 29.3%). The top 3 ED-associated cancer diagnoses were lung (18.4%), breast (8.9%), and colorectal cancers (8.9%), whereas the controls were breast (17%), lung (14.9%), and prostate cancers (10.1%). Cases observed an over three-fold higher mortality, with cumulative death rate of 32.9% for cases vs 9.0% for controls (P < .0001). Regression analysis predicting mortality, controlling for many confounders produced an odds ratio of 4.12 (95% CI 3.72–4.56 for cases). This study found that an ED visit within 6 months prior to the first time of ICD-coded cancer is associated with Black race, low income and an overall three-fold increased adjusted risk of death. The mortality rates for ED-associated cancers are uniformly worse for all cancer types. These data suggest that additional work is needed to reduce disparities among ED-associated cancer diagnoses.
Palaeoproteomics guidelines to identify proteinaceous binders in artworks following the study of a 15th-century painting by Sandro Botticelli’s workshop
Authors: Di Gianvincenzo F. , Peggie D. , Mackie M. , Granzotto C. , Higgitt C. , Cappellini E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUndertaking the conservation of artworks informed by the results of molecular analyses has gained growing importance over the last decades, and today it can take advantage of state-of-the-art analytical techniques, such as mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Protein-based binders are among the most common organic materials used in artworks, having been used in their production for centuries. However, the applications of proteomics to these materials are still limited. In this work, a palaeoproteomic workflow was successfully tested on paint reconstructions, and subsequently applied to micro-samples from a 15th-century panel painting, attributed to the workshop of Sandro Botticelli. This method allowed the confident identification of the protein-based binders and their biological origin, as well as the discrimination of the binder used in the ground and paint layers of the painting. These results show that the approach is accurate, highly sensitive, and broadly applicable in the cultural heritage field, due to the limited amount of starting material required. Accordingly, a set of guidelines are suggested, covering the main steps of the data analysis and interpretation of protein sequencing results, optimised for artworks.
Secretion of the siderophore rhizoferrin is regulated by the cAMP-PKA pathway and is involved in the virulence of Mucor lusitanicus
Authors: Alejandre-Castañeda Viridiana , Patiño-Medina J. Alberto , Valle-Maldonado Marco I. , Nuñez-Anita Rosa E. , Santoyo Gustavo , Castro-Cerritos Karla V. , Ortiz-Alvarado Rafael , Corrales-Escobosa Alma R. , Ramírez-Díaz Martha I. , Gutiérrez-Corona J. Felix , López-Torres Adolfo , Garre Victoriano , Meza-Carmen Víctor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by Mucorales, with a high mortality rate. However, only a few virulence factors have been described in these organisms. This study showed that deletion of rfs, which encodes the enzyme for the biosynthesis of rhizoferrin, a siderophore, in Mucor lusitanicus, led to a lower virulence in diabetic mice and nematodes. Upregulation of rfs correlated with the increased toxicity of the cell-free supernatants of the culture broth (SS) obtained under growing conditions that favor oxidative metabolism, such as low glucose levels or the presence of H2O2 in the culture, suggesting that oxidative metabolism enhances virulence through rhizoferrin production. Meanwhile, growing M. lusitanicus in the presence of potassium cyanide, N-acetylcysteine, a higher concentration of glucose, or exogenous cAMP, or the deletion of the gene encoding the regulatory subunit of PKA (pkaR1), correlated with a decrease in the toxicity of SS, downregulation of rfs, and reduction in rhizoferrin production. These observations indicate the involvement of the cAMP-PKA pathway in the regulation of rhizoferrin production and virulence in M. lusitanicus. Moreover, rfs upregulation was observed upon macrophage interaction or during infection with spores in mice, suggesting a pivotal role of rfs in M. lusitanicus infection.
New multi-criteria decision-making technique based on neutrosophic axiomatic design
Authors: Abdel-Basset Mohamed , Mohamed Mai , Mostafa Nehal N. , El-Henawy Ibrahim M. , Abouhawwash Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere are several multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches presented in the literature with their characteristics. Although traditional MCDM approaches are considered a proper implementation to select the best alternative from available types, they failed to consider uncertainty which is quite high and desires to be thoughtfully measured in the selection process. This research focuses on extending MCDM in the neutrosophic environment using axiomatic design (AD) as a novel contribution to selecting appropriate Computed Tomography (CT) devices. We present a new linguistic scale for evaluating criteria and alternatives based on single-valued triangular neutrosophic numbers (SVTrN). The proposed approach is superior to other existing approaches due to its simplicity and ability to simulate natural human thinking via considering truth, indeterminacy, and falsity degrees. Then, applying it will increase the value of imaging for medical decision-making and decrease needless costs. So, this study can be valuable to researchers by helping them consider the appropriate medical imaging system selection problem theoretically under uncertainty, and for governments and organizations to design better satisfying medical imaging evaluation systems.
Ampere–Oersted field splitting of the nonlinear spin-torque vortex oscillator dynamics
Authors: Abreu Araujo Flavio , Chopin Chloé , de Wergifosse Simon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate the impact of the DC current-induced Ampère–Oersted field on the dynamics of a vortex based spin-torque nano-oscillator. In this study we compare micromagnetic simulations performed using mumax$$^3$$

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and our analytical model based on the Thiele equation approach. The latter is improved by adding two important corrections to the Thiele equation approach. The first is related to the magneto-static contribution and depends on the aspect ratio of the magnetic dot. The second is a full analytical description of the Ampère–Oersted field contribution. The model describes quantitatively the simulation results in the resonant regime as well as the impact of the Ampère–Oersted field. Depending on the relative orientation between the vortex in-plane curling magnetisation (chirality) and the Ampère–Oersted field a strong splitting phenomenon appears in the fundamental properties (frequency and vortex core position) of the nano-oscillator. Thus, we show that the Ampère–Oersted field should not be neglected as it has a high impact on the spin-torque vortex oscillator dynamics.
Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics analysis and optimization prediction of urban green infrastructure: a case study of Beijing, China
Authors: Ma Yin , Zheng Xinqi , Liu Menglan , Liu Dongya , Ai Gang , Chen Xueye 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe reasonable layout of green infrastructure is conducive to the low-carbon, livable and high-quality sustainable development of cities. The framework of spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and prediction analysis of Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) was constructed by integrating morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and CA-Markov in the study. We analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of UGI in Beijing from 1990 to 2019, predicted its future change trend in 2030, and put forward the optimization scheme for the ecological network of UGI. The area change of UGI presented a "V" shape from 1990 to 2019 in Beijing, and the turning point was around 2009. Its spatial distribution revealed a significant heterogeneity. The comprehensive change rate index showed a "rising and then falling" trend from 1990 to 2019. Core with an area of over 1000 km2 had inclined "C" shape, connecting the north, west and south of the study area. Among the three prediction scenarios for 2030, the area of UGI under the ecological conservation priority scenario is the largest, accounting for 86.35% of the total area. The area of UGI under the economic development priority scenario is the smallest, accounting for 76.85%. The optimization of zoning and road network are effective measures to improve the connectivity of UGI in Beijing. This study is beneficial to extend the research ideas of UGI and promote sustainable urban development.
Residential green space and air pollution are associated with brain activation in a social-stress paradigm
Authors: Dimitrov-Discher Annika , Wenzel Julia , Kabisch Nadja , Hemmerling Jan , Bunz Maxie , Schöndorf Jonas , Walter Henrik , Veer Ilya M. , Adli Mazda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe examined the influence of three major environmental variables at the place of residence as potential moderating variables for neurofunctional activation during a social-stress paradigm. Data from functional magnetic resonance imaging of 42 male participants were linked to publicly accessible governmental databases providing information on amount of green space, air pollution, and noise pollution. We hypothesized that stress-related brain activation in regions important for emotion regulation were associated positively with green space and associated negatively with air pollution and noise pollution. A higher percentage of green space was associated with stronger parietal and insular activation during stress compared with that in the control condition. More air pollution was associated with weaker activation in the same (but also extended) brain regions. These findings may serve as an important reference for future studies in the emerging field of “neuro-urbanism” and emphasize the importance of environmental factors in urban planning.
Effects of mental fatigue on risk preference and feedback processing in risk decision-making
Authors: Jia Huiqiao , Lin Chiuhsiang Joe , Wang Eric Min-yang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMental fatigue is a common phenomenon in modern people, especially after a long period of mental work. Individuals frequently have to make critical decisions when in a mentally fatigued state. As an important and complex cognitive function, risk decision-making might be influenced by mental fatigue, which is consequent with increased distraction and poor information processing. However, how mental fatigue shapes individuals’ decision-making remains relatively unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mental fatigue on risk decision-making performance and risk-preference in a simple gambling task, using both behavioral methods and event-related potential techniques. Forty young adults were divided into a mental fatigue group and a no-fatigue group and participated in the experiments. Results showed that individuals with mental fatigue tended to be more risk-averse than those without fatigue when facing risk options. The P300 amplitudes were smaller and FRN amplitudes were larger in the mental fatigue group than in the no-fatigue group. These findings provide insight into a relationship between mental fatigue and risk decision-making, from the perspective of the neurological mechanism.
Sex-based differences in the use of post-fire habitats by invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina)
Authors: Kaiser Shannon W. , Greenlees Matthew J. , Shine Richard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWildfires can modify habitat attributes, and those changes may differentially affect males versus females within a species if there is pre-existing niche divergence between the sexes. We used radio-tracking and dissections to study invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina), and performed transect counts on native frogs and cane toads 12 months after extensive fires in forests of eastern Australia. Both toads and native frogs were encountered more frequently in burned sites than in unburned sites. Most microhabitat features were similar between burned versus unburned areas, but fire had differential impacts on the ecology of male versus female toads. In burned areas females were less numerous but were larger, in better body condition, and had consumed more prey (especially, coleopterans and myriapods). The impact of fire on attributes of retreat-sites (e.g., temperature, density of vegetation cover) also differed between the sexes. More generally, intraspecific divergence in ecological traits within a species (as a function of body size as well as sex) may translate into substantial divergences in the impacts of habitat change.