bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization, expression and function of the pyrokinins (PKs) in the giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Thongbuakaew Tipsuda , Mukem Sirirak , Chaiyamoon Arada , Khornchatri Kanjana , Kruangkum Thanapong , Cummins Scott F. , Sobhon Prasert 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTPyrokinins (PKs) are neuropeptides that have been found to regulate a variety of physiological activities including reproduction in various insect and crustacean species. However, the reproductive roles of PKs in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, have not yet been investigated. In this study, we identified the MroPK gene from next-generation sequence resources, which encodes a MroPK precursor that shares a high degree of conservation with the C-terminal sequence of FxPRLamide in other arthropods. MroPK is expressed within most tissues, except the hepatopancreas, stomach and gill. Within developing ovarian tissue, MroPK expression was found to be significantly higher during the early stages (stages 1–2) compared with the late stages (stages 3–4), and could be localized to the oogonia, previtellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes. A role for PK in M. rosenbergii reproduction was supported following experimental administration of MroPK to ovarian explant cultures, which led to an increase in the production of progesterone and estradiol and upregulation of expression of steroidogenesis-related genes (3β-HSD and 17β-HSD) and vitellogenin (Vg). Together, these results support a role for MroPK in regulating ovarian maturation via steroidogenesis.
Transcriptomic and functional genetic evidence for distinct ecophysiological responses across complex life cycle stages
Authors: Freda Philip J. , Toxopeus Jantina , Dowle Edwina J. , Ali Zainab M. , Heter Nicholas , Collier Rebekah L. , Sower Isaiah , Tucker Joseph C. , Morgan Theodore J. , Ragland Gregory J. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTOrganisms with complex life cycles demonstrate a remarkable ability to change their phenotypes across development, presumably as an evolutionary adaptation to developmentally variable environments. Developmental variation in environmentally sensitive performance, and thermal sensitivity in particular, has been well documented in holometabolous insects. For example, thermal performance in adults and juvenile stages exhibit little genetic correlation (genetic decoupling) and can evolve independently, resulting in divergent thermal responses. Yet, we understand very little about how this genetic decoupling occurs. We tested the hypothesis that genetic decoupling of thermal physiology is driven by fundamental differences in physiology between life stages, despite a potentially conserved cellular stress response. We used RNAseq to compare transcript expression in response to a cold stressor in Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults and used RNA interference (RNAi) to test whether knocking down nine target genes differentially affected larval and adult cold tolerance. Transcriptomic responses of whole larvae and adults during and following exposure to −5°C were largely unique both in identity of responding transcripts and in temporal dynamics. Further, we analyzed the tissue-specificity of differentially expressed transcripts from FlyAtlas 2 data, and concluded that stage-specific differences in transcription were not simply driven by differences in tissue composition. In addition, RNAi of target genes resulted in largely stage-specific and sometimes sex-specific effects on cold tolerance. The combined evidence suggests that thermal physiology is largely stage-specific at the level of gene expression, and thus natural selection may be acting on different loci during the independent thermal adaptation of different life stages.
Mathematical models on COVID-19 in India: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Panchal Sezal , John Denny , Menon Geetha R. , M.S. Narassima , Shaw Tushar 
Published: May 2022

Background: More than 278 million cases and more than 5.4 million deaths due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were reported worldwide by the end of 2021. More than 34 million cases and more than 478,000 deaths have been reported in India. Epidemiologists, physicians and virologists are working on a number of conceptual, theoretical or mathematical modelling techniques in the battle against COVID-19. Protocol: This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive review of published mathematical models on COVID-19 in India and the concepts behind the development of mathematical models on COVID-19, including assumptions, modelling techniques, and data inputs. Initially, related keywords and their synonyms will be searched in the Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease database managed by World Health Organisation (WHO). The database includes searches of bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE etc.,), preprints (MEDRXIV), manual searching, and the addition of other expert-referred scientific articles. This database is updated daily (Monday through Friday). Two independent reviewers will be involved in screening the titles and abstracts at the first stage and full-texts at the second stage, and they will select studies as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies will be selected for their quality, transparency, and ethical aspects, using the Overview, Design concepts, Details (ODD) protocol and International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research-Society for Medical Decision Making (ISPOR-SMDM) guidelines. Data will be extracted using standardized data extraction tools and will be synthesized for analysis. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion, or with a third reviewer. Conclusions: This systematic review will be performed to critically examine relevant literature of existing mathematical models of COVID-19 in India. The findings will help to understand the concepts behind the development of mathematical models on COVID-19 conducted in India in terms of their assumptions, modelling techniques, and data inputs.
Determinants of caesarean section delivery: a nationwide study in Indonesia
Authors: Nastiti Aria Aulia , Triharini Mira , Santika Ni Komang Ayu , Dewi Yulis Setiya , Barnawi Najla A , Arifin Hidayat 
Published: May 2022

Background The number of caesarean section deliveries among mothers in Indonesia has increased every year. Aim This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and determinants of caesarean section in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional design using the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey was conducted. A total of 12 789 mothers were recruited, and bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used. Results The determinants among women that were significant factors in performing caesarian section deliveries were maternal age >35 years, urban residence, high level of education, poorest wealth index, having more than four visits to antenatal care centres, close proximity to health facilities and first-time birth. Conclusions The rate of caesarean section deliveries in Indonesia was 17.7%. Monitoring and evaluation of the increasing number of caesarean sections without medical necessity and the severity of labour is needed.
Effectiveness of testing hard-to-heal wounds for bacterial protease activity: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Baines Deborah , Carter Marissa , Pimlott Brenda , Reilly Mkyla 
Published: May 2022

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate whether using a point-of-care test for bacterial protease activity (BPA) to target antimicrobial dressing use can improve outcomes for hard-to-heal wounds and reduce cost. Method: Wounds asymptomatic for infection and testing positive for BPA were randomly assigned to two weeks' treatment with a silver antimicrobial dressing in addition to standard of care (SoC) (intervention group) or to SoC only (control group). The patient's outcomes were monitored for 12 weeks. Results: The study included 100 wounds. A reduction in annualised nursing resource of 29.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9–34.1) for hard-to-heal wounds was predicted for the intervention versus control group (44±25.10 intervention group nurse/clinic visits versus 62±31.23 control group nurse/clinic visits; p=0.034). The percentage of patients reporting problems reduced for all EQ5D-3L dimensions for the intervention group, with the largest reductions in ‘pain/discomfort’ (–36.2%) and ‘anxiety/depression’ (–19.1%). Prescription of antibiotics fell by 45% for wound-related infections in the intervention group compared with the control group. In the intervention group the number of patients who did not receive a prescription was 37/50 (74%), nine (18%) patients received one prescription and four (8%) patients received two or more prescriptions. In the control group 29/50 (58%) patients did not receive a prescription, 12 (24%) received one prescription and nine (18%) patients received two or more prescriptions; p=0.068. Conclusion: The utility of the BPA test to reduce predicted annualised nursing time was demonstrated. The strong trend towards reduced antibiotic prescribing and improved quality of life for patients with wounds treated for BPA deserves further study.
Dynamics of single-mode nonclassicalities and quantum correlations in the Jaynes–Cummings model
Authors: Akella Sriram , Thapliyal Kishore , Mani H. S. , Pathak Anirban 
Published: May 2022

Dynamics of atom–field correlations and single-mode nonclassicalities present in the resonant Jaynes–Cummings model are investigated using negativity and entanglement potential for a set of initial states. The study has revealed the interplay among three different types of nonclassicalities present in the model and established that the nonclassicality is continuously exchanged between the field and atom through atom–field correlations. Further, it is observed that the entanglement potential does not capture all single-mode nonclassicality, and there exists some residual nonclassicality in the reduced single-mode states at the output of the beam splitter that is not captured by the entanglement in which single-mode nonclassicality is quantitatively mapped in Asboth’s criterion. Additional layers of beam splitters are added to deplete all the nonclassicality and to reveal that almost all residual nonclassicality is captured with three layers of beam splitters. Further, the reduced states of the atom and field have zero (non-zero) quantum coherence in the Fock basis when the atom–field correlations are maximum if the field (or atom) has zero (non-zero) quantum coherence initially.
High-efficiency reflective metasurfaces for terahertz vortex wave generation based on completely independent geometric phase modulations at three frequencies
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Cheng Yongzhi , Chen Fu , Luo Hui , Li Xiangcheng 
Published: May 2022

One of the considerable disadvantages of a metasurface (MS) is frequency-dependent behavior, which largely restricts its practical applications. To overcome this challenge, a MS is designed to generate vortex beams at three distinct terahertz (THz) frequencies. Specifically, a unit-cell structure comprising three resonators is proposed to operate at three distinct THz frequencies. The cross-polarized reflection coefficients of the unit-cell structure are greater than 70% under circularly polarized (CP) incidence. Based on the geometric phase principle, the full

2
π

phase shift can be obtained at each frequency by rotating the corresponding orientation angles of the three resonators. By carefully arranging the unit-cell structure, orbital angular momenta (OAMs) with topological charges of

l
=

±
1

,

−

2

, and,

−

3

at 0.706 THz, 1.143 THz, and 1.82 THz, respectively, can be generated for a normally incident right CP wave, and OAMs with topological charges of

l
=
−

3

,

−

2

, and

−

1

can be generated for a normally incident left CP wave. The generated reflective vortex beams through the designed MS have good mode purity up to 85% at 0.706 THz, 84% at 1.143 THz, and 74.7% at 1.82 THz, respectively. Moreover, the designed reflective MS reveals a convenient and low-cost way to generate vortex beams with different/same OAM modes at three different resonance frequencies and is beneficial for potential applications in THz communication.
Raman mediated solitonic pulse compression
Authors: Pradhan Akash Kumar , Sen Mrinal , Datta Tanmoy 
Published: May 2022

A comprehensive analysis of Raman mediated solitonic compression of pulses inside a silicon nanocrystal embedded slotted photonic crystal waveguide (SPCW) is presented. The ultrahigh Raman gain coefficient of the silicon nanocrystal material, being fortified further by the intense optical confinement inside the SPCW, essentially outweighs the contribution of the Kerr in the self-phase modulation phenomenon that is responsible for the solitonic propagation of a pulse. This work particularly emphasizes the contribution of Raman nonlinearity in the soliton dynamics, which however has been neglected conventionally, leading to an unprecedented miniaturization in both the operating power and footprint. Spatiotemporal evolution of pulses inside the SPCW has been calculated using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation considering the slow-light regime. A compression factor as high as 44.3 is obtained using a 30 µm long SPCW with a peak input power of 8 mW at 1550 nm.
Self-driven highly responsive p-n junction InSe heterostructure near-infrared light detector
Authors: Patil Chandraman , Dong Chaobo , Wang Hao , Nouri Behrouz Movahhed , Krylyuk Sergiy , Zhang Huairuo , Davydov Albert V. , Dalir Hamed , Sorger Volker J. 
Published: May 2022

Photodetectors converting light signals into detectable photocurrents are ubiquitously in use today. To improve the compactness and performance of next-generation devices and systems, low dimensional materials provide rich physics to engineering the light–matter interaction. Photodetectors based on two-dimensional (2D) material van der Waals heterostructures have shown high responsivity and compact integration capability, mainly in the visible range due to their intrinsic bandgap. The spectral region of near-infrared (NIR) is technologically important, featuring many data communication and sensing applications. While some initial NIR 2D material-based detectors have emerged, demonstrations of doping-junction-based 2D material photodetectors with the capability to harness the charge-separation photovoltaic effect are yet outstanding. Here, we demonstrate a 2D p-n van der Waals heterojunction photodetector constructed by vertically stacking p-type and n-type indium selenide (InSe) flakes. This heterojunction charge-separation-based photodetector shows a threefold enhancement in responsivity in the NIR spectral region (980 nm) as compared to photoconductor detectors based on p- or n-only doped InSe. We show that this junction device exhibits self-powered photodetection operation, exhibits few pA-low dark currents, and is about 3–4 orders of magnitude more efficient than the state-of-the-art foundry-based devices. Such capability opens doors for low noise and low photon flux photodetectors that do not rely on external gain. We further demonstrate millisecond response rates in this sensitive zero-bias voltage regime. Such sensitive photodetection capability in the technologically relevant NIR wavelength region at low form factors holds promise for several applications including wearable biosensors, three-dimensional (3D) sensing, and remote gas sensing.
Facing salient and non-salient time sequence orientation types expressed by adverbs in English, Mandarin and Serbian
Authors: Stamenković Dušan , Figar Vladimir , Tasić Miloš 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article intends to provide insight into how speakers of English, Mandarin, and Serbian perceive spatio-temporal relations expressed by specific pairs of adverbials. In two studies participants were presented with simple sentences describing the metaphorical movement of events on the timeline (e.g., “The meeting was moved from the morning to the afternoon.”) and were asked to decide whether the event had been moved along the sagittal, vertical or transverse axis (forward/backward, up/down, left/right). The main aim of the first study, which was conducted with 104 native speakers of Serbian, was to explore the effects of axis-orientation and individual time units on participants’ preferences and response times. The target time units used were dates, hours, months, days of the week, and years. The results showed significant differences in response times between the transverse and sagittal axis conditions on the one hand (with shorter reaction times), and the vertical axis condition on the other. Moreover, the distribution of answers showed a high degree of inconsistency when it came to moving events to a previous point in time. The main aim of the second study was to identify potential differences in responses and response times to different orientations and time units between four experimental groups: native speakers of English with no second language, native speakers of English with knowledge of a second language, native speakers of Mandarin (with English as a second language), and native speakers of Serbian (also with English as a second language). The study was conducted with 126 participants. The design of the second study was largely parallel to that of the first, but it involved three trials and different time units (parts of the day, days of the week and months). The Mandarin speakers gave the quickest responses in the first two trials when deciding on the vertical axis. Moreover, reaction times were significantly shorter in the parts-of-the-day condition (e.g., “morning”, “afternoon”), across the three trials. In addition, Mandarin speakers showed an inverted trend in responses on the sagittal axis compared to the remaining three groups. While some of our results corroborate previous research on the topic, the study also provides novel empirical evidence on how Serbian speakers conceptualize time using spatial terms.
A UPR Perspective on Capital Punishment and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nazir Amna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR), established in 2006, has been hailed as an innovative mechanism of the United Nations’ Human Rights Council. The peer review mechanism assesses the human rights records of all UN Member States and provides recommendations to further the global promotion and protection of human rights. This article provides an analysis of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s third UPR in 2018 with a specific focus on the State’s use of capital punishment. It explores the challenges faced by the UPR and issues recommendations to foster meaningful discourse, in the international community, to protect the right to life and engender change at the domestic level.
Ultrafast laser-induced integrated property–structure modulation of Ge2Sb2Te5 for multifunction and multilevel rewritable optical recording
Authors: Zhao Kang , Han Weina , Han Zihao , Zhang Xiaobin , Zhang Xingyi , Duan Xiaofeng , Wang Mengmeng , Yuan Yanping , Zuo Pei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we report an approach for tuning the surface morphology and phase of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) by using an ultrafast laser in a one-step process. Four surface micro/nanostructures with specific phase states were sequentially formed by changing the pulse energy: the modified ripple structure, the completely crystallized structure, the ablated nanodots, and the ablated ripple structure. A high correlation existed between the surface micro/nanostructures and their property. Through integrated property–structure modulation, multifunctional optical recording could be achieved by using modified ripples with specific crystallized phase states. The geometric grating morphology caused by the volume shrinkage effect during crystallization enabled modified ripples to exhibit a structural color based on the grating’s diffraction effect. Moreover, the considerable change in the reflectivity of the crystallized area enabled easy grayscale identification. On the basis of the spatially resolved phase-transition threshold effect, the integrated modulation of the geometric nanograting proportion and degree of crystallization was conducted in multilevel states. Notably, different from the fixed ablated surface structures, the printed modified surface structures could be erased and rewritten by controlling its phase state. This paper presents a promising method for producing dynamic tunable metasurfaces, conducting optical anticounterfeiting, and achieving information storage.
Broadband saturable absorption in germanene for mode-locked Yb, Er, and Tm fiber lasers
Authors: Wang Qingbo , Kang Jianlong , Wang Pan , He Jiangyong , Liu Yicong , Wang Zhi , Zhang Han , Liu Yan-ge 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Passively mode-locked lasers have been widely investigated as one of the effective methods to obtain ultrashort pulses. As an important part of passively mode-locked fiber lasers, the exploration of 2D material-based saturable absorber has become one of the hotspots in ultrafast photonics in recent years. Germanene, a novel 2D Dirac material, with ultrafast optical response and broadband optical absorption, is a promising alternative material for saturable absorber in mode-locked fiber lasers. In this paper, germanium nanosheets are prepared via liquid-phase exfoliated method, with the saturable absorption property systematically characterized in three major wavebands of the near-infrared region. The generation of ultrashort pulses based on germanene saturable absorber in fiber lasers is further realized, in a broad waveband (1000 nm) centered at 1061.1, 1559.3 and 1883.5 nm, respectively. In addition, noise-like pulses operation with central wavelength of 1558.6 nm is also obtained, and the formation of rogue waves is further demonstrated via statistical analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental verification of the broadband saturable absorption property of germanene-based devices, covering three major fiber laser wavelengths from 1.0 to 2.0 μm.
Crystal structure of 1-isopropyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine, C11H15N5
Authors: Wang Yanjiao , Tang Xiaoqin , Liu Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
C11H15N5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.5677(16) Å, b = 8.1755(15) Å, c = 14.846(3) Å, β = 93.783(4)°, V = 1158.7(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0473, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1425, T = 173 K.
Crystal structure of bis{2-(tert-butyl)-6-((E)-((4-((E)-1-(methoxyimino)ethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenolato-κ2
N,O}zinc(II), C40H46N4O4Zn
Authors: Zhao Ji-Xing , Wu Lei-Fang , Chen Da-Qun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
C40H46N4O4Zn, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.0198(4) Å, b = 28.0212(9) Å, c = 12.0655(4) Å, β = 110.727(2)°, V = 3800.8(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0442, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1076, T = 173(2) K.
Crystal structure of 6,9-diamino-2-ethoxyacridinium 3,5-dinitrobenozate — dimethylsulfoxide — water (1/1/1), C24H27N5O9S
Authors: Mirocki Artur 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
C24H27N5O9S, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.5749(4) Å, b = 10.0368(5) Å, c = 17.9111(10) Å, α = 87.224(4)°, β = 83.678(4)°, γ = 85.414(4)°, V = 1348.04(12) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0562, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1477, T = 295(2) K.