bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of photodegradation on fungal colonization on wood during initial stage of brown-rot decay
Authors: Wang Yujiao , Xue Jing , Peng Yao , Cao Jinzhen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Photodegradation and decay may happen simultaneously on wood under many exposure conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of photodegradation on fungal colonization during initial stage of brown-rot decay of wood. For this purpose, southern pine (Pinus spp.) wood was exposed to accelerated UV weathering for different durations, and then decayed by a brown-rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum). The changes in wood microstructure, chemical composition, surface color, crystallinity, fungal colonization pathways, and photodegradation products after weathering and decay were evaluated and characterized. The results showed that both weathering and decay led to obvious color change on wood surface. The photodegradation of wood resulted in the formation of cracking in cell wall, thus creating new voids. The photodegradation products, which mainly consisted of phenols, diterpenoid acids, and other lignin derived compounds, appeared in the cell lumen. During the initial stage of brown-rot decay, fungal hyphae invaded into wood through inherent voids such as ray cells, axial tracheids, and pits, and completed the initial colonization after 20 days. After photodegradation, hyphae could also invade wood from the new voids, and the acidic photodegradation products promoted the non-enzymatic degradation process of brown-rot. However, lignin derived compounds seemed to inhibit the further activity of decay fungi.
Medical students’ perceptions of understanding skills needed in treating cardiac patients through simulation-based encounters in a clinical skills curriculum
Authors: Mann Brian G. , Obisesan Olawunmi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Context
Simulation-based education can enhance medical students’ understanding of clinical concepts as they learn the key elements needed to treat patients with various medical conditions. The integration of simulation programs into medical school curricula increases students’ exposure to this type of learning.

Objectives
To determine the effectiveness of simulation activities on medical students’ perceptions of understanding cardiac rhythm identification and the pharmacology skills necessary to manage a stable patient with cardiac arrhythmia.

Methods
A retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted utilizing a quasi-experimental one-group pretest/posttest study of a convenience sample of 159 second-year medical students in the southeastern United States during the 2017–2018 academic year. Because this was a one-group pretest/posttest study, only second-year medical students whose data could be matched were included. A 5-point Likert scale, previously developed as part of the clinical skills course, was utilized to collect ordinal understanding of cardiac rhythm identification and the pharmacologic management of a stable patient with cardiac arrhythmia. The intervention was an 18-min simulated patient encounter involving a high-fidelity mannequin (SimMan 3G or Essential) with supraventricular tachycardia.

Results
Of the 159 students, the number of students who reported a good perception of understanding of cardiac rhythm identification presimulation activity increased from 44.0% (70) to 52.2% (83) postsimulation activity. The number who reported a good perception of understanding of the pharmacologic management of a stable patient with cardiac arrhythmia presimulation increased from 37.7% (60) to 49.1% (78) postsimulation. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test model was fitted to examine improvements in perceptions of understanding of cardiac rhythm identification and the pharmacologic management of cardiac arrhythmia. The results suggested that participation in simulation activities elicited a statistically significant improvement in the students’ perceptions of understanding of cardiac rhythm identification and the pharmacologic management of cardiac arrhythmia (p=0.000).

Conclusions
As medical education continues to evolve, simulation-based education may be helpful in enhancing medical students’ understanding of cardiac rhythm identification and the pharmacology skills necessary to manage a stable patient with cardiac arrhythmia.
The association of grandparental co-residence and dietary knowledge with excess body weight among children aged 7–15 years in China
Authors: Zhu Yaxin , Wang Wei , Le Ying , Yang Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the impact of grandparent’s co-residence and dietary knowledge on the overweight and obesity risk among school-age children in China.

Methods
Data of 790 children aged 7–15 years were retrieved from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Co-residential status was evaluated using household and individual ID. Dietary knowledge was assessed using 17 dietary statements, which was scored by participants. Three principal factors were extracted by factor analysis. Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the influence of grandparent’s co-residence and dietary knowledge on the weight status of the child.

Results
The overweight and obesity incidence of the children increased significantly when they co-reside with two grandparents (OR=1.447, 95CI: 1.001–2.090, p=0.049). Mother’s dietary knowledge regarding to protein-related food choices (PT) scored higher was associated with the increased risk (OR=1.270, 95CI: 1.059–1.523, p=0.010). For grandmother’s dietary knowledge, the higher score in balanced food consumption (BF) was associated with the decreased overweight and obesity risk (OR=0.456, 95CI: 0.294–0.706, p<0.001). Grandfather’s dietary knowledge in BF showed the similar result (OR=0.454, 95CI: 0.271–0.759, p=0.003).

Conclusions
Living with two grandparents is associated with higher overweight and obesity risk, but grandparents with an adequate knowledge in the balanced food consumption may decrease the risk.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(methylene)bis(pyridin-1-ium) bis(1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolato-κ2
S:S)nickel(II), C42H30N14Ni2S8
Authors: Liu Xue-Guo , Chen Wan-Yao , Pan Hui-Yan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
C42H30N14Ni2S8, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.5083(17) Å, b = 10.744(2) Å, c = 12.188(2) Å, α = 80.109(4)°, β = 84.876(4)°, γ = 88.758(3)°, V = 1221.7(4) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0268, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0701, T = 296.15 K.
Role of distinct buffers for maintaining urban-fringes and controlling urbanization: A case study through ANOVA and SPSS
Authors: Shaikh Fahad Ahmed , Malik Kamran , Talpur Mir Aftab Hussain , Abro Kashif Ali 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Urbanization is giving rise to the number of challenges due to its matchless soaring proportion in scenario of management and public welfare. Difference types of buffers are utilized globally depending upon the area of action and purpose to protect development sites from external harms and to avoid factors resulting inequalities from outer boundaries, for instance population growth and development. Effects of urbanization on urban fringes and the land use changes have been conducted for their inter-relation purposiveness to maintain fringes approaching buffer. In this context, this paper studies the different types of buffers to identify their necessity and implications for exploring the appropriate buffer as a conservation approach. In order to deal with the urban boundaries of Hyderabad (delineation of urban fringes), the conversion of agriculture land into residential area due to urbanization have been analyzed. Sample questionnaire survey and analysis were conducted using ANOVA with the help of SPSS 20.0, Arc GIS 10.1 based maps. Resultantly, our findings open new dimension in understanding the buffers implementations on the basis of ANOVA testing observation. To conclude this analysis, it is observed that riparian tree buffer is strongly suggested in comparison with other employed types of buffers for designing land use plans.
Association between food additives and prevalence of allergic reactions in children: a systematic review
Authors: Sadighara Parisa , Safta Mehdi , Limam Intissar , Ghanati Kiandokht , Nazari Zahra , Karami Marzieh , Abedini Amirhossein 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Food additives contain synthetic and natural chemical compounds and are one of the causes of food allergies. In this regard, it is necessary to recognize the food additives that are of special interest for children. In this survey, the relation between food additives and allergic reactions and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders in children was studied. The research studies with keywords “allergic reactions”, “hypersensitivity”, “food additives” and “children” were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SID databases, from 1984 to 2020. Three hundred twenty-seven studies were obtained and only seven articles were finally selected according to exclusion and inclusion criteria. In the final review, seven articles were selected to investigate the relationship between food additives and hypersensitivity reactions. Some clinical factors such as urticaria, eczema, rhinitis and gastrointestinal symptoms and the prevalence of laboratory evidence in atopic children are due to increased exposure to food additives including artificial colors and sweeteners, preservatives, and monosodium glutamate. Clinical signs and laboratory evidence prove a significant association between some food additives and allergenic adverse reactions. It was also found that food additives such as artificial colors and sweeteners, preservatives, and monosodium glutamate are responsible for most cases of hypersensitivity in children, and the prevalence of hypersensitivity to food additives was estimated to be about 1.2% based on data extracted from studies.
The Anthropocene: genesis of a term and popularization in the press
Authors: Zottola Angela , de Majo Claudio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe term Anthropocene first appeared in 2000 when scientists Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer attempted to define the environmental effects of anthropic activities. Since then, it has become a widespread, but also controversial, term in the academic community. As environmental discourses increasingly permeate our lives, it has trespassed the borders of scholarly traditions, becoming acknowledged in popular culture. Bearing in mind the pivotal role the press has in the popularization, dissemination and consequent understanding of given topics, the aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it assesses the popularity of the term Anthropocene in online and printed newspapers around the world. Secondly, it examines the degree of scientificity of the articles included in our analysis to understand the type of discourses journalists are relying on in discussing the Anthropocene. Exploring these questions, through a corpus-based discourse analysis, enabled us to assess the weight of the term ‘Anthropocene’ in contemporary popular debates and its future horizons. The findings highlight a lack of a consistent discussion of the Anthropocene stemming not only from a poor scientific understanding of its ecological drives, but also from the lack of political awareness and a general unpreparedness to face the socio-environmental implications of the Age of Humankind.
Binding interaction of benzamide derivatives as inhibitors of DNA gyrase and Sec14p using Molegro Virtual Docker based on binding free energy
Authors: Ihsan Anaum , Khera Rasheed Ahmad , Iqbal Javed , Asgher Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The docking simulation of benzamide derivatives as ligands and protein targets (DNA–gyrase) was performed and Sec14p binding mode interaction was predicted based on binding free energy analysis. Software Molegro Virtual Docking (MVD) was used to visualize the ligand–protein binding interactions. The results indicated the prevalence of steric or hydrophobic interactions among all the benzamide ligands besides hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions. The compounds B2, B4 against DNA gyrase, and compounds B3, B5 against Sec14p showed an uncompetitive pattern of inhibition as compared with the reference molecule. While compounds B1, B5 exhibited the best MolDock scores, i.e., −109.736 and −114.391 kcal/mol respectively for DNA gyrase, also compounds B1 and B2 against Sec14p displayed −100.105 and −119.451 kcal/mol sequentially. It was evident from the comparison of MolDock score for both the bacterial and fungal protein receptors that all the ligands were found to be more potent against DNA gyrase than Sec14p. However, only compound B2 with MolDock score −119.451 kcal/mol showed exceptional activity against Sec14p and was predicted to have potency as a lead compound to find a new anti-fungal therapeutic agent. Docking studies further highlighted the unique interactions such as tail-end hydrophobic rings of benzamide inhibitors with catalytically important amino acid residues, allowing flexibility in binding to both the receptors different from other inhibitors. These findings showed us that B1, B2 against Staphylococcus aureus and B5 against Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be leading compounds to discover new multidrug-resistant strains.
ADAM17 Regulates p75NTR-Mediated Fibrinolysis and Nerve Remyelination
Authors: Pellegatta Marta , Canevazzi Paolo , Forese Maria Grazia , Podini Paola , Valenzano Serena , Del Carro Ubaldo , Quattrini Angelo , Taveggia Carla 
Published: February 2022

We previously reported that a-disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)17 is a key protease regulating myelin formation. We now describe a role for ADAM17 during the Wallerian degeneration (WD) process. Unexpectedly, we observed that glial ADAM17, by regulating p75NTRprocessing, cell autonomously promotes remyelination, while neuronal ADAM17 is dispensable. Accordingly, p75NTRabnormally accumulates specifically when ADAM17 is maximally expressed leading to a downregulation of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression, excessive fibrin accumulation over time, and delayed remyelination. Mutant mice also present impaired macrophage recruitment and defective nerve conduction velocity (NCV). Thus, ADAM17 expressed in Schwann cells, controls the whole WD process, and its absence hampers effective nerve repair. Collectively, we describe a previously uncharacterized role for glial ADAM17 during nerve regeneration. Based on the results of our study, we posit that, unlike development, glial ADAM17 promotes remyelination through the regulation of p75NTR-mediated fibrinolysis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe α-secretase a-disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)17, although relevant for developmental PNS myelination, has never been investigated in Wallerian degeneration (WD). We now unravel a new mechanism of action for this protease and show that ADAM17 cleaves p75NTR, regulates fibrin clearance, and eventually fine-tunes remyelination. The results presented in this study provide important insights into the complex regulation of remyelination following nerve injury, identifying in ADAM17 and p75NTRa new signaling axis implicated in these events. Modulation of this pathway could have important implications in promoting nerve remyelination, an often-inefficient process, with the aim of restoring a functional axo-glial unit.
Directional Tuning of Phase Precession Properties in the Hippocampus
Authors: Yiu Yuk-Hoi , Leutgeb Jill K. , Leibold Christian 
Published: February 2022

Running direction in the hippocampus is encoded by rate modulations of place field activity but also by spike timing correlations known as theta sequences. Whether directional rate codes and the directionality of place field correlations are related, however, has so far not been explored, and therefore the nature of how directional information is encoded in the cornu ammonis remains unresolved. Here, using a previously published dataset that contains the spike activity of rat hippocampal place cells in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 subregions during free foraging of male Long-Evans rats in a 2D environment, we found that rate and spike timing codes are related. Opposite to a preferred firing rate direction of a place field, spikes are more likely to undergo theta phase precession and, hence, more strongly affect paired correlations. Furthermore, we identified a subset of field pairs whose theta correlations are intrinsic in that they maintain the same firing order when the running direction is reversed. Both effects are associated with differences in theta phase distributions and are more prominent in CA3 than in CA1. We thus hypothesize that intrinsic spiking is most prominent when the directionally modulated sensory-motor drive of hippocampal firing rates is minimal, suggesting that extrinsic and intrinsic sequences contribute to phase precession as two distinct mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHippocampal theta sequences, on the one hand, are thought to reflect the running trajectory of an animal, connecting past and future locations. On the other hand, sequences have been proposed to reflect the rich, recursive hippocampal connectivity, related to memories of previous trajectories or even to experience-independent prestructure. Such intrinsic sequences are inherently one dimensional and cannot be easily reconciled with running trajectories in two dimensions as place fields can be approached on multiple one-dimensional paths. In this article, we dissect phase precession along different directions in all hippocampal subareas and find that CA3 in particular shows a high level of direction-independent correlations that are inconsistent with the notion of representing running trajectories. These intrinsic correlations are associated with later spike phases.
The New Pact on Migration and Asylum as a Response to Current Migration Challenges– Selected Issues
Authors: Doliwa-Klepacka Anna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly affected the movement of people within the European Union, both in terms of nationals of the Member States and others. On many occasions, as an instrument to combat or contain the spread of the virus, EU Member States have made use of the possibility of temporarily reintroducing border controls in the Schengen area, or even temporarily closing their national borders. Despite the Covid-19 pandemic, the migratory pressure on the countries of the European Union has not ceased, although the scale of this phenomenon has decreased in many areas. A separate problem is also the influx of illegal migrants to the territory of European Union Member States and the effective implementation of instruments to combat this practice. The regulations in force in the European Union in the area of migration and asylum were developed under different conditions, i.e. standard migration flows, and despite many modifications (e.g. in the context of the competences and tasks of Frontex) they have not proved effective in emergency situations. Consequently, many attempts have been made to amend these regulations. In 2020, they were replaced by a new comprehensive Pact on Migration and Asylum. The aim of this paper is to present and analyze selected legal problems related to the influx of irregular migrants to the European Union in the light of current migration trends and to show, against this background, the main demands for changes contained in the submitted legislative proposals.
Analysis Tolerance of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) In instant noodles With Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry
Authors: Rachma Firstca Aulia , Saptawati Tunik 
Published: February 2022

Background: MSG has become one of the most widely used food flavorings in the world, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) reported an average per capita intake of MSG in the United States of 550 mg / day in 1973. The use of MSG as a food additive has been regulated by its use. WHO. This rule stipulates that daily consumption of MSG per person should not exceed the safe threshold of 120 mg / kg / day. MSG is proven to be a risk factor for obesity. The increase in body weight in mice occurred after MSG was given as much as 15-30 mg / kg or the equivalent of 1-2 g / person. Based on the description above, it is known that there is a significant influence of MSG in the health sector if consumed in excess. Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting further research related to MSG levels in instant noodle samples in the Semarang city area. Aim: The purpose of this study was to test the MSG levels in instant noodles with a spectrophotometer. Method: The tools used are a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu), NaCl and MSG salts. MSG used in instant noodles, 0.5% Ninhydrin Reagent. Result: MSG levels from each of the 10 samples of instant noodles that are traded in Semarang City, the highest levels are found in sample J of 4.70% and the lowest MSG levels are in sample G of 2.90%. Conclusion: Instant noodles sold in the city of Semarang are positive for Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and The results of quantitative analysis, where the MSG levels contained in each sample of instant noodles in Semarang City show that it is still below the standard for adults.
Formulation and Evaluation of Antioxidant Peel-Off Mask Ethanol Extract Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia sp.) Using DPPH 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Method
Authors: Ayuningtyas Nurista Dida , Febrianto Yahya , Prasetyo Alno 
Published: February 2022

Background: Myrmecodia sp extract is known to be effective as an antioxidant on a concentration of 5-50 ppm. Antioxidants are substances that can scavenge free radicals. Free radicals can cause skin damage. Peel off mask is a cosmetic product that function as a dead skin peel mechanically containing synthetic polymers that are quite safe and effective. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant effectiveness of the Myrmecodia sp extract. Method: The research used variations in the Myrmecodia sp extract of 2 %, 3%, and 4 %. The evaluation was carried out on the physical properties of the peel off mask and the antioxidant activity test. The antioxidant activity test used the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. Statistical tests were carried out on the physical properties of the preparation and IC50 peel off mask using the one-way ANOVA test with a 95% confidence level.
Result: Based on this research, it was found that the gel peel-off mask preparation of Myrmecodia sp. extracts has organoleptic of a bit thick, brown and odourless. The value of adhesion is between 10.33-13.04 seconds, pH 6.27-6.75, viscosity 17.00-22.67 dPas, and drying time 17.33-24.33 minutes. The test for the antioxidant activity of IC50 peel off mask at F 2, F 3 and F 4 was 49.4 ppm, 39.41 ppm and 35.25 ppm respectively. Conclusion: The peel-off gel mask of Myrmecodia sp. extracts has the potential as an antioxidant with the strong ability category.