bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Peptidoyl RNA Hairpin via a Combination of Solid‐Phase and Template‐Directed Chain Assembly
Authors: Bremer Jennifer , Richter Christian , Schwalbe Harald , Richert Clemens 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeptidoyl RNAs are the products of ribosome‐free, single‐nucleotide translation. They contain a peptide in the backbone of the oligoribonucleotide and are interesting from a synthetic and a bioorganic point of view. A synthesis of a stabilized version of peptidoyl RNA, with an amide bond between the C‐terminus of a peptide and a 3′‐amino‐2′,3′‐dideoxynucleoside in the RNA chain was developed. The preferred synthetic route used an N‐Teoc‐protected aminonucleoside support and involved a solution‐phase coupling of the amino‐terminal oligonucleotide to a dipeptido dinucleotide. Exploratory UV‐melting and NMR analysis of the hairpin 5′‐UUGGCGAAAGCdC‐LeuLeu‐AA‐3′ indicated that the peptide‐linked RNA segments do not fold in a cooperative fashion. The synthetic access to doubly RNA‐linked peptides on a scale sufficient for structural biology opens the door to the exploration of their structural and biochemical properties.
Optimal Small Scale Equidistribution of Lattice Points on the Sphere, Heegner Points, and Closed Geodesics
Authors: Humphries Peter , Radziwiłł Maksym 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe asymptotically estimate the variance of the number of lattice points in a thin, randomly rotated annulus lying on the surface of the sphere. This partially resolves a conjecture of Bourgain, Rudnick, and Sarnak. We also obtain estimates that are valid for all balls and annuli that are not too small. Our results have several consequences: for a conjecture of Linnik on sums of two squares and a “microsquare”, a conjecture of Bourgain and Rudnick on the number of lattice points lying in small balls on the surface of the sphere, the covering radius of the sphere, and the distribution of lattice points in almost all thin regions lying on the surface of the sphere. Finally, we show that for a density 1. subsequence of squarefree integers, the variance exhibits a different asymptotic behaviour for balls of volume with .We also obtain analogous results for Heegner points and closed geodesics. Interestingly, we are able to prove some slightly stronger results for closed geodesics than for Heegner points or lattice points on the surface of the sphere. A crucial observation that underpins our proof is the different behaviour of weighting functions for annuli and for balls. © 2022 Courant Institute of Mathematics and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Accurate predictions of barley phenotypes using genomewide markers and environmental covariates
Authors: Neyhart Jeffrey L. , Silverstein Kevin A. T. , Smith Kevin P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPredicting the performance of new plant genotypes under new environmental conditions could accelerate the development of locally adapted and climate resilient cultivars. Enabling these predictions may rely on extending the genomewide prediction framework to include environmental covariates (EC), but such models have generally been tested under limited, less breeding‐realistic contexts. Using a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) multi‐environment dataset, our objectives were to compare multi‐environment prediction models and scenarios that target genotypes from different breeding generations, use different levels and timescales of ECs, and are applied to different agronomic and quality traits. When predicting the phenotypes of previously tested genotypes in untested environments, models that included the interaction of genomewide markers and pre‐selected in‐season ECs resulted in more accurate predictions (rMG or rMP) within (rMG = 0.56–0.94) and across (rMP = 0.63–0.87) environments; similar accuracy was achieved within (rMP = 0.46–0.89) and across (rMP = 0.87–0.95) locations when using only ECs from realistically available historical climate data. Shifting the prediction target to a distinct, untested offspring population slightly reduced model performance within environments or locations, but rMP across environments (rMP = 0.60–0.86) or locations (rMP = 0.87–0.94) remained very high. Though we achieved moderately high rMP for most traits in the challenging scenario of predicting the offspring population in holdout environments, the similarity between training and target environments, like that between populations, will be a limiting factor for enabling accurate predictions of new genotypes under new growing conditions.
A power analysis for detecting aging of dry‐stored soybean seeds: Germination versus RNA integrity assessments
Authors: Tetreault Hannah , Fleming Margaret , Hill Lisa , Dorr Emma , Yeater Kathleen , Richards Christopher , Walters Christina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeterioration of seed during dry storage is a major problem for genebanks and seed companies. Germination tests are the gold standard to monitor seed viability; however, these prove to be insensitive during the early stage of storage when viability changes are subtle. Recent findings demonstrate that decline in RNA integrity may be an early indicator of seed longevity during dry storage. The goal of this study was to determine the sensitivity of RNA integrity, measured as RNA integrity number (RIN), regarding how soon changes can be detected and how many seeds are required. We compared the statistical power of germination and RIN assays using a well‐characterized collection of ‘Williams 82’ soybean seeds, with cohorts harvested between 1989 and 2019 and stored at 5 °C. Germination was monitored in 1‐ to 3‐yr intervals since 1989, and RIN was monitored in 1‐ to 2‐yr intervals since 2016 providing an extensive dataset to conduct statistical power analyses. Decline in RIN can be detected in soybean seeds within 10 yr with a RNA monitor test that consumes approximately 30 seeds. In contrast, a germination test detects deterioration in 16 yr using approximately 50 seeds, and by this time, the seed lot is near the limit of longevity and has entered the phase of rapid mortality. Work from this study indicates that early detection of aging using RIN decline can be used to predict the longevity threshold to optimize viability monitoring and regeneration times, preventing loss of valuable samples by overtesting or missing the longevity threshold.
Experimental evaluation of type‐2 fuzzy logic controller adapted to real environmental conditions for maximum power point tracking of solar energy systems
Authors: Gani Ahmet , Sekkeli Mustafa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe conventional angle of incremental conductance (AIC) method fails to track the maximum power point (MPP) when a rapid change in solar irradiation and/or panel temperature appears because it cannot distinguish between rapid changes in photovoltaic (PV) current and voltage under real environmental conditions. The present study describes setbacks of the conventional AIC method and proposes an effective approach based on the combination of AIC and type‐2 fuzzy. The proposed approach offers a significant advantage in terms of maximum power transfer to the load under long‐term weather patterns under which broken clouds appear frequently during a 40‐m testing period. The proposed approach is installed on 250 W module of a 10 kWp real PV plant in Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University. Later, its performance is validated by dSPACE1104 controller card operating in real time with MATLAB/Simulink tools using daily measured data. The experimental results obtained from the laboratory setup based on dSPACE1104 controller card demonstrate the facility and feasibility of the proposed approach for real PV plant with boost power converter and load.
Filtered X least mean fourth‐driven intelligent control for power quality augmentation and dynamic stability reinforcement of grid intertie wind–photovoltaic systems
Authors: Nazir Masood Ibni , Ahmad Aijaz , Hussain Ikhlaq 
Published: July 2022

SummaryAn advanced topology comprising a wind‐turbine driven synchronous generator (SG) and solar photovoltaic (PV) array to address the power quality (PQ) concerns and the uncertainty in renewable energy generation is proposed in this paper. The fluctuations in wind speed and insolation are soaked up by utilizing successively interfaced power electronic converters (PECs), namely, SG side converter (SGC) and utility grid side converter (UGC) integrated with a DC link capacitor and a PV array. SGC is controlled by estimating the rotor position from the stator voltage and current measurement data and maintains unity power factor (UPF) at stator terminals. UGC is controlled by employing filtered X least mean fourth (FXLMF) control, which ensures superior convergence performance and reduced computational complexity. Besides, it performs operations like reactive power compensation, enhancement of PQ, load and power balancing during steady‐state and dynamic conditions. The notion of optimal fuzzy reasoning is instilled which generates a fuzzy scheme with inherent optimal‐tuning characteristics to bring about considerable improvement in system performance. A water cycle algorithm (WCA) tuned fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is employed for dynamic stability enhancement leading to the generation of accurate loss component,
, which bolsters the ability of VSC to accurately extricate weight signals and the fundamental load current component. This improves regulation of DC link voltage during dynamic load, insolation and wind conditions. The veracity of the proposed model is verified under wind gusts and the bell‐shaped irradiance curve. Extensive simulation results obtained in MATLAB corroborate the efficacy of the system.
A New Voltammetric Approach for the Determination of Biomimetic Catalyst Kinetic Constants Based on Substrate Consumption
Authors: Mikysek Tomáš , Frühbauerová Michaela , Švancara Ivan , Novák Miroslav , Sýs Milan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present study, a new voltammetric method is introduced for the determination of kinetic parameters of artificial metalloenzymes (biomimetic complexes) mimicking the catecholase activity towards 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol (3,5‐DTBC) or 2,5‐di‐tert‐butylhydroquinone, and representing a promising alternative to common spectrophotometric method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the electrochemical approach, two binuclear copper(II) complexes bearing the same pentadentate ligand and different ionic ligands were selected. Apparent kinetic parameters, such as maximum velocity (Vmax), Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km), and turnover number (kcat), obtained by the described method employing differential‐pulse voltammetry were in good agreement with the data evaluated from UV‐Vis spectrophotometric measurements.
Interspecific variation in cooperative burrowing behavior byPeromyscusmice
Authors: Bedford Nicole L. , Weber Jesse N. , Tong Wenfei , Baier Felix , Kam Ariana , Greenberg Rebecca A. , Hoekstra Hopi E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnimals often adjust their behavior according to social context, but the capacity for such behavioral flexibility can vary among species. Here, we test for interspecific variation in behavioral flexibility by comparing burrowing behavior across three species of deer mice (genus Peromyscus) with divergent social systems, ranging from promiscuous (Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus) to monogamous (Peromyscus polionotus). First, we compared the burrows built by individual mice to those built by pairs of mice in all three species. Although burrow length did not differ in P. leucopus or P. maniculatus, we found that P. polionotus pairs cooperatively constructed burrows that were nearly twice as long as those built by individuals and that opposite-sex pairs dug longer burrows than same-sex pairs. Second, to directly observe cooperative digging behavior in P. polionotus, we designed a burrowing assay in which we could video-record active digging in narrow, transparent enclosures. Using this novel assay, we found, unexpectedly, that neither males nor females spent more time digging with an opposite-sex partner. Rather, we demonstrate that opposite-sex pairs are more socially cohesive and thus more efficient digging partners than same-sex pairs. Together, our study demonstrates how social context can modulate innate behavior and offers insight into how differences in behavioral flexibility may evolve among closely related species.
Estimation of short‐run predictive factor for US growth using state employment data
Authors: Basistha Arabinda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe estimate a predictive single factor model targeted to unobserved common growth in gross domestic product and gross domestic income (GDI) using a state‐space framework with select state employment data. We use likelihood‐based comparison to select the states to estimate the dynamic factor. The results show improved in‐sample and out‐of‐sample performance than threshold principal component factors and financial spreads. Out‐of‐sample evaluations indicate larger gains for GDI growth with 14% to 20% lower mean squared forecast errors than other alternatives. Sectoral employment factors based on selected sectors using the state‐space framework also show forecasting gains. An expanded model using both sectoral and state employment data shows that their common component is the primary predictive factor.
Morphological diversity, phenolic acids, and antioxidant properties in eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv): Selection of superior populations for agri‐food industry
Authors: Hatami Mehrnaz , Karimi Mahnaz , Aghaee Ahmad , Bovand Fatemeh , Ghorbanpour Mansour 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv) a widespread species of the Apiaceae reveals high nutritional value and therapeutic properties due to the significant content of biologically active metabolites such as essential oils, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. The present study was performed to evaluate the morphological and biochemical variability and antioxidant properties of naturally grown populations of eryngo. One‐way ANOVA showed significant (p < .01) differences in the majority of parameters measured among the studied populations. The range of fresh weight was from 1.3 to 12.0 g/plant, while dry weight varied from 0.01 to 6.0 g/plant. The highest variation was observed for essential oil yield (CV = 205.32%) followed by essential oil content (CV = 126.23%) and chicoric acid content (CV = 71.18%). Total phenolics content varied from 8.85 to 88.15 mg GAE/g extract. Total flavonoids value ranged from 5.41 to 134.40 mg QE/g extract. Rosmarinic acid and chicoric acid contents varied from 0.118–1.234 and 0.014–0.597 μg/g DW, respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity varied from 76.12 to 513.5 μg/mL, while it ranged from 156.7 to 477.1 μg/mL with the ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating assay. Rosmarinic acid and chicoric acid showed a significant and positive correlation (r0.01 = 0.81 and r0.05 = 0.40) with total phenolics, respectively. The Ward dendrogram analysis revealed two different clusters based on the parameters measured, confirming high morpho‐phytochemical variability among the individuals and populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed eight PCs which contributed to 99.97% of the overall variance, and leaf length, essential oil content, and antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH and Fe2+ chelating techniques were the most effective attributes for characterizing and selecting the studied population. Based on the traits related to vegetative yield and antioxidant properties, eight individuals from two populations were superior for breeding and/or farming programs.
Nutritional management of urolithiasis in dogs and cats
Authors: Trehy Mary 
Published: July 2022

Background: An increasing number of techniques are becoming available for the management of canine and feline uroliths. Some require referral to a specialist hospital and can be costly and/or invasive. When used appropriately, dietary manipulation may reduce the need for such interventions and can delay or prevent urolith recurrence.Aim of the article: This article focuses on nutritional management options for a variety of urolith types, and outlines the clinical settings in which these options are appropriate.
Playful Multiliteracies: Fan‐Based Literacies' Role in English Language Arts Pedagogy
Authors: Lammers Jayne C. , Magnifico Alecia M. , Wang Anlun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStandards and their corresponding assessments have continued to narrow English language arts (ELA) curricula, pushing more playful, creative composition to the margins or to out‐of‐school pursuits. Simultaneously, students enjoy writing creatively in many extracurricular spaces and activities, like fanfiction. Building from research showing that fan‐based literacies align with ELA curriculum, this collective case study explores how three secondary ELA teachers incorporated their professional learning about fandoms into their classrooms. Framed in multiliteracies and theories of play, qualitative data generated through interviews, surveys, and artifact collection were iteratively analyzed to establish themes that illuminate how these teachers valued fan‐based literacies within their curricula. Findings reveal teacher perspectives about fanfiction's role in fostering analytic reading of texts, cultivating creative responses to literature, scaffolding essay writing about real questions, and engaging students in the work of ELA. An argument for centering playful reading and writing in classrooms is presented.
Histomorphology and ultrastructure of the proventriculus of the broad breasted white turkey (Meleagris gallopavo, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Madkour Fatma A. , Kandyel Ramadan M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aims to examine the functional morphology of the proventriculus of the broad breasted white turkey (BBWT) (Meleagris gallopavo, Linnaeus 1758) using gross anatomy, light microscopy, gross/histomorphometric analysis, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The proventriculus was characterized internally by many elevated papillae with a mound, leafy flower, and lotus flower‐shapes. Each papilla was enclosed by concentrically organized mucosal folds with distinct or indistinct proventricular gland openings on its top. Longitudinal folds and grooves at the junction of the proventriculus with the esophagus exhibited various sized and shaped openings of esophageal glands with irregular outlines. Histologically, the surface epithelium of the proventriculus was covered by a thin layer of cuticle, particularly evident at its junction with the gizzard. The lamina epithelialis and propria, and secretory units of proventricular lobules were infiltrated by aggregations of lymphocytes and lymphoid follicles (nodules). Variably shaped glandular lobules of proventricular glands occupied the submucosa, surrounded by thin strands of smooth muscle fibers derived from muscularis mucosa. Triangular, cuboidal, or columnar‐shaped secretory oxyntico‐peptic cells lined the secretory units. Many telocytes (pyramidal or fusiform‐shaped cell bodies with lengthy telopodes) were observed in interstitial tissue. Further, two types of argyrophilic endocrine cells were identified within the glandular epithelium. The morphology of the M. gallopavo proventriculus reflects its dietary habits and behavior.
Clinical and biochemical distinctions for a metabolite repair disorder caused by NAXD or NAXE deficiency
Authors: Van Bergen Nicole J. , Walvekar Adhish S. , Patraskaki Myrto , Sikora Tim , Linster Carole L. , Christodoulou John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe central cofactors NAD(P)H are prone to damage by hydration, resulting in formation of redox‐inactive derivatives designated NAD(P)HX. The highly conserved enzymes NAD(P)HX dehydratase (NAXD) and NAD(P)HX epimerase (NAXE) function to repair intracellular NAD(P)HX. Recently, pathogenic variants in both the NAXD and NAXE genes were associated with rapid deterioration and death after an otherwise trivial fever, infection, or illness in young patients. As more patients are identified, distinct clinical features are emerging depending on the location of the pathogenic variant. In this review, we carefully catalogued the clinical features of all published NAXD deficiency patients and found distinct patterns in clinical presentations depending on which subcellular compartment is affected by the enzymatic deficiency. Exon 1 of NAXD contains a mitochondrial propeptide, and a unique cytosolic isoform is initiated from an alternative start codon in exon 2. NAXD deficiency patients with variants that affect both the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms present with neurological defects, seizures and skin lesions. Interestingly, patients with NAXD variants exclusively affecting the mitochondrial isoform present with myopathy, moderate neuropathy and a cardiac presentation, without the characteristic skin lesions, seizures or neurological degeneration. This suggests that cytosolic NAD(P)HX repair may protect from neurological damage, whereas muscle fibres may be more sensitive to mitochondrial NAD(P)HX damage. A deeper understanding of the clinical phenotype may facilitate rapid identification of new cases and allow earlier therapeutic intervention. Niacin‐based therapies are promising, but advances in disease modelling for both NAXD and NAXE deficiency may identify more specific compounds as targeted treatments. In this review, we found distinct patterns in the clinical presentations of NAXD deficiency patients based on the location of the pathogenic variant, which determines the subcellular compartment that is affected by the enzymatic deficiency.
Single-cell immune profiling reveals long-term changes in myeloid cells and identifies a novel subset of CD9+ monocytes associated with COVID-19 hospitalization
Authors: Pandori William J , Padgett Lindsey E , Alimadadi Ahmad , Gutierrez Norma A , Araujo Daniel J , Huh Christine J , Olingy Claire E , Dinh Huy Q , Wu Runpei , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Chee Serena J , Ottensmeier Christian H , Hedrick Catherine C 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can result in severe immune dysfunction, hospitalization, and death. Many patients also develop long-COVID-19, experiencing symptoms months after infection. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the immune response to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, gaps remain in our knowledge of how innate immunity influences disease kinetics and severity. We hypothesized that cytometry by time-of-flight analysis of PBMCs from healthy and infected subjects would identify novel cell surface markers and innate immune cell subsets associated with COVID-19 severity. In this pursuit, we identified monocyte and dendritic cell subsets that changed in frequency during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlated with clinical parameters of disease severity. Subsets of nonclassical monocytes decreased in frequency in hospitalized subjects, yet increased in the most severe patients and positively correlated with clinical values associated with worse disease severity. CD9, CD163, PDL1, and PDL2 expression significantly increased in hospitalized subjects, and CD9 and 6-Sulfo LacNac emerged as the markers that best distinguished monocyte subsets amongst all subjects. CD9+ monocytes remained elevated, whereas nonclassical monocytes remained decreased, in the blood of hospitalized subjects at 3–4 months postinfection. Finally, we found that CD9+ monocytes functionally released more IL-8 and MCP-1 after LPS stimulation. This study identifies new monocyte subsets present in the blood of COVID-19 patients that correlate with disease severity, and links CD9+ monocytes to COVID-19 progression.