bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robustness of outcomes in trials evaluating sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors for heart failure
Authors: Usman Muhammad Shariq , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Fonarow Gregg C. , Greene Stephen J. , Friede Tim , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Filippatos Gerasimos , Coats Andrew J. Stewart , Anker Stefan D. , Butler Javed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsRecent trials have evaluated sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure (HF). We sought to assess the robustness of findings from these trials using the fragility index (FI).Methods and resultsFragility index is defined as the minimum number of patients that must be moved from the ‘non‐event’ to the ‘event’ group to turn a statistically significant result to non‐significant. In addition to FI, fragility quotient [(FQ); FI divided by the sample size] was calculated to assess the proportion of events that must be moved to change the significance. For statistically non‐significant outcomes, reverse fragility index (RFI) and reverse fragility quotient (RFQ) were calculated. Robustness of findings after pooling data from all three trials was also assessed. A robust reduction in first HF hospitalization or cardiovascular mortality was seen with dapagliflozin (FI = 62 and FQ = 0.013), empagliflozin (FI = 50 and FQ = 0.013), and sotagliflozin (FI = 60 and FQ = 0.049). Dapagliflozin nominally improved all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, with modest FI (n = 8 and 5) and FQ (0.002 and 0.001). Empagliflozin and sotagliflozin did not demonstrate statistically significant reductions in all‐cause mortality, with modest RFI (empagliflozin: RFI = 26 and RFQ = 0.007; sotagliflozin: RFI = 6 and RFQ = 0.005). A similar trend was seen with cardiovascular mortality (empagliflozin: RFI = 24 and RFQ = 0.006; sotagliflozin: RFI = 7 and RFQ = 0.006). Upon meta‐analysis, the result for first HF hospitalization or cardiovascular mortality was robust (FI = 95 and FQ = 0.010). The reductions in all‐cause (FI = 12 and FQ = 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (FI = 9 and FQ = 0.001), while statistically significant, were fragile.ConclusionImprovement in the composite outcome of first HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death was highly concordant and robust across sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor trials. In contrast, secondary endpoints of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality were statistically fragile, underscoring the need to power trials for mortality to fully understand the benefit of therapies on fatal events.
New Hypercoordinating Organostannanes for the Modular Functionalization of Mono‐ and Polystannanes: Synthetic and Computational Studies**
Authors: Pau Jeffrey , Choi Jung‐Won , Silverthorne Kaitlyn , Ranne Mokhamed , Wylie R. Stephen , Gossage Robert A. , Lough Alan J. , Foucher Daniel A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA series of potentially hypercoordinate tin compounds derived from a substitutionally labile tosyl stannane (5) was produced to gain access to a library of propyloxybiphenyl (11), propylmethoxy (12, 14, 18, 22) or propylthioester (13, 15, 19, 23) stannanes for structure/property/polymerization investigations. Structural characterizations by single crystal X‐ray diffraction of 12, 14, 18 and 19 were also undertaken. The relative energies of hypercoordinate conformers for the propylmethoxystannanes 12, 14, 18, and 22 were determined with DFT methods and the fractional abundance of conformers in the gas and solution (CHCl3) phase were estimated. Relativistic DFT calculations of 119Sn NMR chemical shifts were carried out for a series of non‐hypercoordinate reference compounds and the conformers, allowing the estimation of Boltzmann‐averaged chemical shifts of the hypercoordinate propylmethoxystannanes. A semi‐crystalline homopolymer (25) was isolated from the dehydropolymerization of 22 using Wilkinson's catalyst. Conversion of the liable tosylated polystannane (24) to a new partially substituted polystannane (28) via nucleophile displacement reactions was achieved.
Improvement of Luminescence Characteristics of ZnGa2O4:Tb3+ Nanophosphors by Ce3+ Codoping
Authors: Mu Boshi , Zhao Feng , Chu Yunting , Li Chengren , Sun Jingchang , Zhao Qianyun , Bai Suyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA series of ZnGa2O4:Tb3+,Ce3+ persistent luminescence nanophosphors were prepared by high temperature solid‐state reaction. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the representative samples are consistent with that of the ZnGa2O4 standard card. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the particle size of phosphor is enlarged when the Tb3+ ion is doped, however, it becomes smaller again after the Ce3+ ion is codoped. For ZnGa2O4:Tb3+ nanophosphors, there exist intense 492 and 551 nm blue/green emissions under 280 nm excitation, and the optimum Tb3+ doping concentration is 1.7 mol% and the long afterglow time is about 140 min. The PL and long afterglow characteristics of ZnGa2O4:1.7Tb3+ nanophosphor are significantly improved once the Ce3+ ion is codoped. The PL intensity of ZnGa2O4:1.7Tb3+ nanophosphor is enhanced by 1.5 times and the long afterglow time is extended to 210 min when Ce3+ doping concentrations are 0.3 and 0.5 mol%, respectively. The internal mechanism of the long afterglow effect of ZnGa2O4:1.7Tb3+,0.5Ce3+ nanophosphor is discussed in detail with the help of measurement results of thermoluminescence spectra.
Metalation of Aryl‐bis(3‐alkyl‐5‐methylpyrazol‐1‐yl)‐ methane (Alkyl=Me, Ad; Aryl=Ph, C6H4‐2−OH) with NaN(SiMe3)2, KN(SiMe3)2, and Ca{N(SiMe3)2}2
Authors: Mandel Miles J. , Müller Christoph , Görls Helmar , Krieck Sven , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeprotonation of phenyl‐bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)methane (HC(Ph)(PzMe2)2, 1 a) with [(thf)2Ca{N(SiMe3)2}2] in THF at −40 °C yields heteroleptic [(thf)2Ca{N(SiMe3)2}{C(Ph)(PzMe2)2}] (2 a) and finally homoleptic [(thf)Ca{C(Ph)(PzMe2)2}2] (2 b). However, these complexes degrade at room temperature to calcium bis(pyrazolate) and 2‐phenyl‐4,6‐dimethylpyrimidine (3 a). This degradation is accelerated when bulky phenyl‐bis(3‐adamantyl‐5‐methylpyrazolyl)methane (HC(Ph)(PzAd,Me)2, 1 b) is treated similarly and 2‐phenyl‐4‐adamantyl‐6‐methylpyrimidine (3 b) forms quickly. Sodiation of 1 a and 1 b with NaN(SiMe3)2 yields [{HC(Ph)(PzMe2)2}Na{C(Ph)(PzMe2)2}] (4 a) and [{HC(Ph)(PzAd,Me)2}Na{C(Ph)(PzAd,Me)2}] (4 b). The stronger metalation reagent benzylpotassium is able to quantitatively deprotonate 1 b leading to dinuclear [K{C(Ph)(PzAd,Me)2}]2 (4 c). The metathetical approach and the reaction of 4 c with metal(II) halides of Mg, Ca and Zn again leads to degradation and formation of pyrimidine 3 b. This decomposition of the ligand can be circumvented when the sidearm contains the anionic charge. Thus, 2‐hydroxyphenyl‐bis(3‐adamantyl‐5‐methylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (1 c) reacts with [(thf)2Ca{N(SiMe3)2}2] in THF to the homoleptic complex [(thf)4Ca{O−C6H4−CH(PzAd,Me)2}] (2 c). In this complex, THF and pyrazolyl bases compete in the coordination sphere and preparation of a heteroleptic complex fails. To avoid the binding competition between THF and pyrazolyl bases and to stabilize heteroleptic calcium complexes, the reaction has been repeated in toluene yielding [Ca{N(SiMe3)2}{O−C6H4−CH(PzAd,Me)2}]2 (2 d).
On the Synthesis of a T‐Shaped Imido Nickel Complex and Trigonal Amido Nickel Complexes
Authors: Reckziegel Alexander , Battistella Beatrice , Werncke C. Gunnar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of a T‐shaped imido nickel complex is reported, obtained by the reaction of phenyl azide with the linear nickel(I) silylamide complex K{18‐crown‐6}[NiL2] (L=−N(Dipp)SiMe3; Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl). In addition, an unusual shift of a SiMe3 unit from an ancillary ligand to a putative [Ni=NPh] complex is observed. Examination of the resulting [Ni=NDipp] complex for its electronic properties leads to its description as a low‐spin nickel(III) imide and revealed only limited activity with respect to H‐atom abstraction from C−H bonds or nitrene. Attempts to obtain information about the general features of trigonal nickel(II) amide products, that would result from such a H‐atom abstraction reaction, via reaction of linear nickel(II) silylamide [NiL2] with alkali metal salts of primary amides revealed the reduction to the linear nickel(I) complex K{18‐crown‐6}[NiL2]. The same is observed for alkoxides, secondary amides or benzyl. Reaction of the organic salts with the anionic nickel(II) complex NBu4[NiBrL2] under salt elimination also give the linear nickel(I) complex. Partial formation of an otherwise stable T‐shaped nickel(II) can be observed only for the electron‐poor diphenyl amide. This implicates that reduction of the starting nickel(II) complexes by different organic alkali metal salts likely does not occur via a homolytic Ni−R bond cleavage but a direct SET process from the unligated substrate to the nickel(II) ion.
Dynamic simulation of a solar ejector‐based trigeneration system using TRNSYS‐EES co‐simulator
Authors: Pourmoghadam Peyman , Jafari Mosleh Hassan , Karami Maryam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a new configuration of a solar combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system is proposed to recover the waste thermal energy of a steam power plant, which provides the cooling and heating needs of an apartment complex located in Tehran. The required energy of the system is supplied by the parabolic trough solar collectors (PTCs) and, if necessary, an auxiliary heater is also used. An ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) and a steam Rankine cycle are used for cooling and power generation, respectively. The cycle is dynamically modeled over a year using a TRNSYS‐EES co‐simulator. It is found that the highest Rankine cycle efficiency is obtained in the cold months (January) because of the decrease of turbine backpressure. With increasing the turbine inlet temperature from 190 to 210°C, the Rankine cycle and the overall cycle efficiencies increased about 1% and 2%, respectively. The maximum cooling, heating, and power generation, as well as the maximum solar fraction, are obtained at the turbine inlet temperatures of 210°C, which are 185.46, 598.65, 680.49 kW, and 70%, respectively. The annual overall performance and the solar fraction of the proposed CCHP system are 32.5% and 9.5%, respectively, based on 3000 m2 collector aperture area. The exergy analysis indicated that the maximum annual exergy destruction is related to the solar collectors, which have comprised 27% of the total exergy destruction. In addition, the yearly exergy efficiency of the proposed system is 39.9%.
Data‐driven identification of the spatiotemporal structure of turbulent flows by streaming dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Yang Rui , Zhang Xuan , Reiter Philipp , Lohse Detlef , Shishkina Olga , Linkmann Moritz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStreaming Dynamic Mode Decomposition (sDMD) is a low‐storage version of dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), a data‐driven method to extract spatiotemporal flow patterns. Streaming DMD avoids storing the entire data sequence in memory by approximating the dynamic modes through incremental updates with new available data. In this paper, we use sDMD to identify and extract dominant spatiotemporal structures of different turbulent flows, requiring the analysis of large datasets. First, the efficiency and accuracy of sDMD are compared to the classical DMD, using a publicly available test dataset that consists of velocity field snapshots obtained by direct numerical simulation of a wake flow behind a cylinder. Streaming DMD not only reliably reproduces the most important dynamical features of the flow; our calculations also highlight its advantage in terms of the required computational resources. We subsequently use sDMD to analyse three different turbulent flows that all show some degree of large‐scale coherence: rapidly rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection, horizontal convection and the asymptotic suction boundary layer (ASBL). Structures of different frequencies and spatial extent can be clearly separated, and the prominent features of the dynamics are captured with just a few dynamic modes. In summary, we demonstrate that sDMD is a powerful tool for the identification of spatiotemporal structures in a wide range of turbulent flows.
Cholangiocarcinoma progression depends on the uptake and metabolization of extracellular lipids
Authors: Ruiz de Gauna Mikel , Biancaniello Francesca , González‐Romero Francisco , Rodrigues Pedro M. , Lapitz Ainhoa , Gómez‐Santos Beatriz , Olaizola Paula , Di Matteo Sabina , Aurrekoetxea Igor , Labiano Ibone , Nieva‐Zuluaga Ane , Benito‐Vicente Asier , Perugorria María J. , Apodaka‐Biguri Maider , Paiva Nuno A. , Sáenz de Urturi Diego , Buqué Xabier , Delgado Igotz , Martín César , Azkargorta Mikel , Elortza Felix , Calvisi Diego F. , Andersen Jesper B. , Alvaro Domenico , Cardinale Vincenzo , Bujanda Luis , Banales Jesús M. , Aspichueta Patricia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) includes a heterogeneous group of biliary cancers with a dismal prognosis. We investigated if lipid metabolism is disrupted in CCA and its role in tumor proliferation.

Approach and Results
The in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic capacity of five human CCA cell lines was analyzed. Proteome, lipid content, and metabolic fluxes were evaluated in CCA cells and compared with normal human cholangiocytes (NHC). The Akt1/NOTCH1 intracellular cytoplasmic domain (Nicd1)‐driven CCA mouse model was also evaluated. The proteome of CCA cells was enriched in pathways involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. The EGI1 CCA cell line presented the highest tumorigenic capacity. Metabolic studies in high (EGI1) versus low (HUCCT1) proliferative CCA cells in vitro showed that both EGI1 and HUCCT1 incorporated more fatty acids (FA) than NHC, leading to increased triglyceride storage, also observed in Akt1/Nicd1‐driven CCA mouse model. The highly proliferative EGI1 CCA cells showed greater uptake of very‐low‐density and HDLs than NHC and HUCCT1 CCA cells and increased cholesteryl ester content. The FA oxidation (FAO) and related proteome enrichment were specifically up‐regulated in EGI1, and consequently, pharmacological blockade of FAO induced more pronounced inhibition of their tumorigenic capacity compared with HUCCT1. The expression of acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase ACADM, the first enzyme involved in FAO, was increased in human CCA tissues and correlated with the proliferation marker PCNA.

Conclusions
Highly proliferative human CCA cells rely on lipid and lipoprotein uptake to fuel FA catabolism, suggesting that inhibition of FAO and/or lipid uptake could represent a therapeutic strategy for this CCA subclass.
One‐year changes in the prevalence and positive psychological correlates of depressive symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic among medical science students in northeast of Iran
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyedmohammad , Grimwood Samuel , Dadgari Ali , Basirinezhad Mohammad Hasan , Montazeri Rasoul , Ebrahimi Hossein 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic has imposed a significant psychological burden on many across society especially students studying medical sciences. This study intended to investigate the one‐year changes in the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic among medical science students.MethodsA cross‐sectional study in Shahroud, Iran administering a convenience sampling method (January to February 2021). Online self‐reported questionnaires included Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Paloutzian‐Ellison Spiritual Well‐Being Questionnaire, Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale and the University Student Depression Inventory. Data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Independent t‐test and Multiple Regression Analysis).ResultsA total of 306 medical science students were investigated in this study. The mean scores 1 year after the outbreak of COVID‐19 were for depression (81.25 ± 26.04), spiritual well‐being (80.98 ± 18.06), self‐esteem (26.89 ± 2.20), and life satisfaction (19.68 ± 6.81). The results indicated that depression mean score was significantly higher in post outbreak assessment (71.92 ± 22.94 vs 81.25 ± 26.04) (P < .001). Fifty percentage of changes in depression can be predicted by studied variables. A high score of depression was directly associated with a higher level of self‐esteem. Moreover, increased interest in the field, scores of spiritual well‐being, and life satisfaction were inversely and significantly associated with depression.ConclusionsIran's education system has been significantly affected, with the addition to the COVID‐19 pandemic imposing a psychological burden such as depression, exacerbating this within medical science students compared to a year ago. Spiritual well‐being and life satisfaction as positive psychology constructs were recognized as protective factors against depression during the pandemic. Spiritual and social support should be integrated in psychological interventions within university settings for medical science students.
On hamiltonian line graphs of hypergraphs
Authors: Gu Xiaofeng , Lai Hong‐Jian , Song Sulin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA graph is supereulerian if it has a spanning eulerian subgraph. Harary and Nash‐Williams in 1968 proved that the line graph of a graph is hamiltonian if and only if has a dominating eulerian subgraph, Jaeger in 1979 showed that every 4‐edge‐connected graph is supereulerian, and Catlin in 1988 proved that every graph with two edge‐disjoint spanning trees is a contractible configuration for supereulerianicity. Utilizing the notion of partition‐connectedness of hypergraphs introduced by Frank, Király, and Kriesell in 2003, we generalize the above‐mentioned results of Harary and Nash‐Williams, of Jaeger and of Catlin to hypergraphs by characterizing hypergraphs whose line graphs are hamiltonian, and showing that every 2‐partition‐connected hypergraph is a contractible configuration for supereulerianicity.
Recognizing interval bigraphs by forbidden patterns
Authors: Rafiey Arash 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLet be a connected bipartite graph with vertices and edges. We give an time algorithm to decide whether is an interval bigraph. The best known algorithm has time complexity and it was developed by Muller in 1997. Our approach is based on an ordering characterization of interval bigraphs introduced by Hell and Huang in 2003. We transform the problem of finding the desired ordering to choosing strong components of a pair‐digraph without creating conflicts. We make use of the structure of the pair‐digraph as well as decomposition of bigraph based on the special components of the pair‐digraph. This way we make explicit what the difficult cases are and gain efficiency by isolating such situations.
Liver volume based prediction model for patients with hepatitis B virus‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Hu Chunhua , Jiang Na , Zheng Jie , Li Chenxia , Huang Huihong , Li Juan , Li Hongbing , Gao Zhijie , Yang Nan , Xi Qi , Wang Jing , Liu Zitong , Rao Kemeng , Zhou Heping , Li Tianhui , Chen Yi , Zhang Yuelang , Yang Jian , Zhao Yingren , He Yingli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (HBV‐ACLF) is a life‐threatening disease with high short‐term mortality. Early and accurate prognosis is significant for clinical decisions, in which liver volume (LV) imparts important information. However, LV has not been considered in current prognostic models for HBV‐ACLF.MethodsThree hundred and twenty‐three patients were recruited to the deriving cohort, while 163 were enrolled to validation cohort. The primary end‐point was death within 28 days since admission. Estimated liver volume (ELV) was calculated by the formula based on healthy population. Logistic regression was used to develop a prediction model. Accuracy of models were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe ratio of LV to ELV (LV/ELV%) was significantly lower in non‐survivors, and LV/ELV% ≤82% indicated poor prognosis. LV/ELV%, Age, prothrombin time (PT), the grade of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), ln‐transformed total bilirubin (lnTBil), and log‐transformed HBV DNA (Log10 HBV DNA) were identified as independent predictors to develop an LV‐based model, LEAP‐HBV. The mean area under the ROC (AUC) of LEAP‐HBV was 0.906 (95% CI, 0.904‐0.908), higher than other non‐LV‐based models.ConclusionLiver volume was an independent predictor, and LEAP‐HBV, a prediction model based on LV, was developed for the short‐term mortality in HBV‐ACLF.This study was registered on ClinicalTrails (NCT03977857).
Late Pleistocene glaciation history of the southern Black Forest, Germany: 10Be cosmic‐ray exposure dating and equilibrium line altitude reconstructions in Sankt Wilhelmer Tal
Authors: Hofmann Felix Martin , Preusser Frank , Schimmelpfennig Irene , Léanni Laëtitia , Aster team (Georges Aumaître, Karim Keddadouche & Fawzi Zaid  
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTDuring the Late Pleistocene, an ice cap temporarily rested on the highest summit of the Black Forest, Feldberg, and on the surrounding region. Moraines inside the last glaciation maximum ice extent document subsequent glacial standstills and/or re‐advances, but the chronology of the deglaciation remains largely unknown. In Sankt Wilhelmer Tal, moraines were mapped, and suitable moraine boulders were sampled for 10Be cosmic ray exposure (CRE) dating. Equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) during moraine formation were reconstructed to evaluate whether these can be used for local stratigraphical correlations. Geomorphological mapping revealed numerous ice‐marginal positions in the main valley and in two tributary valleys. CRE ages and ELAs indicate two discrete phases of glacial standstills and/or re‐advances by 17–16 ka at the latest and no later than 14 ka, respectively. Differing ELAs across the study area preclude the use of ELAs for local stratigraphical correlations. Recalculated 10Be CRE ages from other localities in Central Europe indicate similar periods of moraine formation, thus raising the question of a common climatic forcing. Additional sets of CRE ages are needed to answer this question. In addition, future studies should concentrate on determining the age of the last glaciation maximum in the Black Forest.
Application of a novel nylon needle filter‐based solid‐phase extraction device to determination of 1‐hydroxypyrene in urine
Authors: Yue Shi‐Wen , Zhou Yi‐Lian , Peng Xi‐Tian , Zhao Qin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, a simple and miniaturized solid‐phase extraction device was constructed by connecting a commercial nylon needle filter to a syringe, which was applied for extracting 1‐hydroxypyrene from a urine sample via hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions. The nylon membrane in the needle filter acted as the solid‐phase extraction adsorbent, meanwhile, it filtered the particles in the urine sample. To obtain high extraction efficiency, key parameters influencing extraction recovery were investigated. The entire pretreatment process was accomplished within 5 min under the optimal conditions. By coupling high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet, a rapid, low‐cost, and convenient nylon needle filter‐based method was established for the analysis of 1‐hydroxypyrene in a complex urine matrix. Within the linearity range of 0.2–1000 μg/L, the method exhibited a satisfactory correlation coefficient (R = 0.9999). The limit of detection was 0.06 μg/L, and the recoveries from urine sample spiked with three concentrations (5, 20, and 100 μg/L) ranged from 105.8% to 113.1% with the relative standard deviations less than 6.7% (intra‐day, n = 6) and 8.9% (inter‐day, n = 4). Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for detecting 1‐hydroxypyrene in urine samples from college students, smokers, gas station workers, and chip factory workers. The detected concentration in actual urine samples ranged from 0.46 to 5.26 μg/L. Taken together, this simple and cost‐effective nylon needle filter‐based solid‐phase extraction device showed an excellent application potential for pretreating hydrophobic analytes from aqueous samples.