bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental differences in myocardial transmembrane Na+ transport: implications for excitability and Na+ handling
Authors: Oshiyama Natália F. , Pereira Ana H. M. , Cardoso Alisson C. , Franchini Kleber G. , Bassani José W. M. , Bassani Rosana A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLittle is currently known about possible developmental changes in myocardial Na+ handling, which may have impact on cell excitability and Ca2+ content. Resting intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i), measured in freshly isolated rat ventricular myocytes with CoroNa green, was not significantly different in neonates (3–5 days old) and adults, but electrical stimulation caused marked [Na+]i rise only in neonates. Inhibition of L‐type Ca2+ current by CdCl2 abolished not only systolic Ca2+ transients, but also activity‐dependent intracellular Na+ accumulation in immature cells. This indicates that the main Na+ influx pathway during activity is the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, rather than voltage‐dependent Na+ current (INa), which was not affected by CdCl2. In immature myocytes, INa density was two‐fold greater, inactivation was faster, and the current peak occurred at less negative transmembrane potential (Em) than in adults. Na+ channel steady‐state activation and inactivation curves in neonates showed a rightward shift, which should increase channel availability at diastolic Em, but also require greater depolarization for excitation, which was observed experimentally and reproduced in computer simulations. Ventricular mRNA levels of Nav1.1, Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 pore‐forming isoforms were greater in neonate ventricles, while a decrease was seen for the β1 subunit. Both molecular and biophysical changes in the channel profile may contribute to the differences in INa density and voltage‐dependence, and also to the less negative threshold Em, in neonates compared to adults. The apparently lower excitability in immature ventricle may confer protection against the development of spontaneous activity in this tissue.Key points
Previous studies showed that myocardial preparations from immature rats are less sensitive to electrical field stimulation than adult preparations.
Freshly isolated ventricular myocytes from neonatal rats showed lower excitability than adult cells, e.g. less negative threshold membrane potential and greater membrane depolarization required for action potential triggering.
In addition to differences in mRNA levels for Na+ channel isoforms and greater Na+ current (INa) density, Na+ channel voltage‐dependence was shifted to the right in immature myocytes, which seems to be sufficient to decrease excitability, according to computer simulations.
Only in neonatal myocytes did cyclic activity promote marked cytosolic Na+ accumulation, which was prevented by abolition of systolic Ca2+ transients by blockade of Ca2+ currents.
Developmental changes in INa may account for the difference in action potential initiation parameters, but not for cytosolic Na+ accumulation, which seems to be due mainly to Na+/Ca2+ exchanger‐mediated Na+ influx.
Middle Miocene climate–carbon cycle dynamics: Keys for understanding future trends on a warmer Earth?
Authors: Holbourn Ann , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Kochhann Karlos G.D. , Matsuzaki Kenji M. , Andersen Nils 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The late early to middle Miocene period (18–12.7 Ma) was marked by profound environmental change, as Earth entered into the warmest climate phase of the Neogene (Miocene climate optimum) and then transitioned to a much colder mode with development of permanent ice sheets on Antarctica. Integration of high-resolution benthic foraminiferal isotope records in well-preserved sedimentary successions from the Pacific, Southern, and Indian Oceans provides a long-term perspective with which to assess relationships among climate change, ocean circulation, and carbon cycle dynamics during these successive climate reversals. Fundamentally different modes of ocean circulation and carbon cycling prevailed on an almost ice-free Earth during the Miocene climate optimum (ca. 16.9–14.7 Ma). Comparison of δ13C profiles revealed a marked decrease in ocean stratification and in the strength of the meridional overturning circulation during the Miocene climate optimum. We speculate that labile polar ice sheets, weaker Southern Hemisphere westerlies, higher sea level, and more acidic, oxygen-depleted oceans promoted shelf-basin partitioning of carbonate deposition and a weaker meridional overturning circulation, reducing the sequestration efficiency of the biological pump. X-ray fluorescence scanning data additionally revealed that 100 k.y. eccentricity-paced transient hyperthermal events coincided with intense episodes of deep-water acidification and deoxygenation. The in-phase coherence of δ18O and δ13C at the eccentricity band further suggests that orbitally paced processes such as remineralization of organic carbon from the deep-ocean dissolved organic carbon pool and/or weathering-induced carbon and nutrient fluxes from tropical monsoonal regions to the ocean contributed to the high amplitude variability of the marine carbon cycle. Stepwise global cooling and ice-sheet expansion during the middle Miocene climate transition (ca. 14.7–13.8 Ma) were associated with dampening of astronomically driven climate cycles and progressive steepening of the δ13C gradient between intermediate and deep waters, indicating intensification and vertical expansion of ocean meridional overturning circulation following the end of the Miocene climate optimum. Together, these results underline the crucial role of the marine carbon cycle and low-latitude processes in driving climate dynamics on an almost ice-free Earth.
Controllability for Problems with Mixed Constraints
Authors: Arutyunov A. V. , Zhukovskiy S. E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
For a controlled system with mixed equality- and inequality-type constraints and
a geometric constraint that is a nonempty closed convex set, sufficient conditions for the existence
of feasible positional controls are obtained in terms of first derivatives of mappings that define the
mixed constraints. In addition, in terms of the first and second derivatives of these mappings,
sufficient conditions for the existence of feasible positional controls are found that are also
applicable in the case of degeneration of the first derivatives of the mappings.
Is life satisfaction associated with future mental health service use? An observational population-based cohort study
Authors: Michalski Camilla A , Diemert Lori M , Hurst Mack , Goel Vivek , Rosella Laura C 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the prospective association between life satisfaction and future mental health service use in: (1) hospital/emergency department, and (2) outpatient settings.Design and settingPopulation-based cohort study of adults from Ontario, Canada. Baseline data were captured through pooled cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 2005–2014) and linked to health administrative data for up to 5 years of follow-up.Participants131 809 Ontarians aged 18 years and older.Main outcome measureThe number of mental health-related visits in (1) hospitals/emergency department and (2) outpatient settings within 5 years of follow-up.ResultsPoisson regression models were used to estimate rate ratios in each setting, adjusting for sociodemographic measures, history of mental health-related visits, and health behaviours. In the hospital/emergency setting, compared to those most satisfied with life, those with the poorest satisfaction exhibited a rate ratio of 3.71 (95% CI 2.14 to 6.45) for future visits. In the outpatient setting, this same comparison group exhibited a rate ratio of 1.83 (95% CI 1.42 to 2.37). When the joint effects of household income were considered, compared with the highest income and most satisfied individuals, the least satisfied and lowest income individuals exhibited the highest rate ratio in the hospital/emergency setting at 11.25 (95% CI 5.32 to 23.80) whereas in the outpatient setting, the least satisfied and highest income individuals exhibited the highest rate ratio at 3.33 (95% CI 1.65 to 6.70).ConclusionThe findings suggest that life satisfaction is a risk factor for future mental health visits. This study contributes to an evidence base connecting positive well-being with health system outcomes.
Multivariate decomposition analysis of sex differences in functional difficulty among older adults based on Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018
Authors: Srivastava Shobhit , Muhammad T , Paul Ronak , Thomas Arya Rachel 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThis study investigates the gender disparities in difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and explores its contributing factors among older adults in India.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted using country representative survey data.Setting and participantsThe present study uses the data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018. Participants included 15 098 male and 16 366 female older adults aged 60 years and above in India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDifficulty in ADL and IADL were the outcome variables. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were carried out to present the preliminary results. Multivariate decomposition analysis was used to identify the contributions of covariates that explain the group differences to average predictions.ResultsThere was a significant gender differential in difficulty in ADL (difference: 4.6%; p value<0.001) and IADL (difference: 17.3%; p value<0.001). The multivariate analysis also shows significant gender inequality in difficulty in ADL (coefficient: 0.046; p value<0.001) and IADL (coefficient: 0.051; p value<0.001). The majority of the gender gap in difficulty in ADL was accounted by the male–female difference in levels of work status (18%), formal education (15% contribution), marital status (13%), physical activity (9%), health status (8%) and chronic morbidity prevalence (5%), respectively. Equivalently, the major contributors to the gender gap in difficulty in IADL were the level of formal education (28% contribution), marital status (10%), alcohol consumption (9%), health status (4% contribution) and chronic morbidity prevalence (2% contribution).ConclusionDue to the rapidly increasing ageing population, early detection and prevention of disability or preservation of daily functioning for older adults and women in particular should be the highest priority for physicians and health decision-makers.
Assessing the impact of mental health difficulties on young people’s daily lives: protocol for a scoping umbrella review of measurement instruments
Authors: Krause Karolin Rose , Chung Sophie , Rodak Terri , Cleverley Kristin , Butcher Nancy J , Szatmari Peter 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionAn important consideration for determining the severity of mental health symptoms is their impact on youth’s daily lives. Those wishing to assess ‘life impact’ face several challenges: First, various measurement instruments are available, including of global functioning, health-related quality of life and well-being. Existing reviews have tended to focus on one of these domains; consequently, a comprehensive overview is lacking. Second, the extent to which such instruments truly capture distinct concepts is unclear. Third, many available scales conflate symptoms and their impact, thus undermining much needed analyses of associations between the two.Methods and analysisA scoping umbrella review will examine existing reviews of life impact measures for use with children and youth aged 6–24 years in the context of mental health and well-being research. We will systematically search six bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the COSMIN database of systematic reviews of outcome measurement instruments), and conduct systematic record screening, data extraction and charting based on methodological guidance by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data synthesis will involve the tabulation of scale characteristics, feasibility and measurement properties, and the use of summary statistics to synthesise how these instruments operationalise life impact. The protocol was registered prospectively with the Open Science Framework (osf.io/ers48).Ethics and disseminationThis study will provide a comprehensive road map for researchers and clinicians seeking to assess life impact in youth mental health, providing guidance in navigating available measurement options. We will seek to publish the findings in a leading peer-reviewed journal in the field. Formal research ethics approval will not be required.
Identification of outcomes to inform the development of a core outcome set for surgical innovation: a targeted review of case studies of novel surgical devices
Authors: Wilson Nicholas , Macefield Rhiannon C , Hoffmann Christin , Edmondson Matthew J , Miller Rachael L , Kirkham Emily N , Blencowe Natalie S , McNair Angus G K , Main Barry G , Blazeby Jane M , Avery Kerry N L , Potter Shelley 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveOutcome selection and reporting in studies of novel surgical procedures and devices lacks standardisation, hindering safe and effective evaluation. A core outcome set (COS) to measure and report in all studies of surgical innovation is needed. We explored outcomes in a specific sample of innovative surgical device case studies to identify outcome domains specifically relevant to innovation to inform the development of a COS.DesignA targeted review of 11 purposive selected case studies of innovative surgical devices.MethodsElectronic database searches in PubMed (July 2018) identified publications reporting the introduction and evaluation of each device. Outcomes were extracted and categorised into domains until no new domains were conceptualised. Outcomes specifically relevant to evaluating innovation were further scrutinised.Results112 relevant publications were identified, and 5926 outcomes extracted. Heterogeneity in study type, outcome selection and reporting was observed across surgical devices. Categorisation of outcomes was performed for 2689 (45.4%) outcomes into five broad outcome domains. Outcomes considered key to the evaluation of innovation (n=66; 2.5%) were further categorised as surgeon/operator experience (n=40; 1.5%), unanticipated events (n=15, 0.6%) and modifications (n=11; 0.4%).ConclusionOutcome domains unique to evaluating innovative surgical devices have been identified. Findings have been combined with multiple other data sources relevant to the evaluation of surgical innovation to inform the development of a COS to measure and report in all studies evaluating novel surgical procedures/devices.
Reliability and validity of assessment methods available in primary care for bladder outlet obstruction and benign prostatic obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a systematic review
Authors: Vredeveld Tom , van Benten Esther , Beekmans Rikie E P M , Koops M Patrick , Ket Johannes C F , Mollema Jurgen , Ramaekers Stephan P J , Pool Jan J M , Coppieters Michel W , Pool-Goudzwaard Annelies L 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo systematically review the literature regarding the reliability and validity of assessment methods available in primary care for bladder outlet obstruction or benign prostatic obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).DesignSystematic review with best evidence synthesis.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsMen with LUTS due to bladder outlet obstruction or benign prostatic obstruction.Review methodsPubMed, Ebsco/CINAHL and Embase databases were searched for studies on the validity and reliability of assessment methods for bladder outlet obstruction and benign prostatic obstruction in primary care. Methodological quality was assessed with the COSMIN checklist. Studies with poor methodology were excluded from the best evidence synthesis.ResultsOf the 5644 studies identified, 61 were scored with the COSMIN checklist, 37 studies were included in the best evidence synthesis, 18 evaluated bladder outlet obstruction and 17 benign prostatic obstruction, 2 evaluated both. Overall, reliability was poorly evaluated. Transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound showed moderate to good validity to evaluate bladder outlet obstruction. Measured prostate volume with these ultrasound methods, to identify benign prostatic obstruction, showed moderate to good accuracy, supported by a moderate to high level of evidence. Uroflowmetry for bladder outlet obstruction showed poor to moderate diagnostic accuracy, depending on used cut-off values. Questionnaires were supported by high-quality evidence, although correlations and diagnostic accuracy were poor to moderate compared with criterion tests. Other methods were supported by low level evidence.ConclusionClinicians in primary care can incorporate transabdominal and transrectal ultrasound or uroflowmetry in the evaluation of men with LUTS but should not solely rely on these methods as the diagnostic accuracy is insufficient and reliability remains insufficiently researched. Low-to-moderate levels of evidence for most assessment methods were due to methodological shortcomings and inconsistency in the studies. This highlights the need for better study designs in this domain.
Evaluating the impact of a digital leadership programme on national digital priorities: a mixed methods study
Authors: Acharya Amish , Black Ruth Claire , Smithies Alisdair , Darzi Ara 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the impact of the United Kingdom's National Health Service Digital Academy (NHSDA) Digital Health Leadership course on high-level recommendations in digital preparedness and the development of a proficient leadership to oversee digital transformation, which has been a longstanding priority within the NHS.DesignA mixed methods study incorporating an online questionnaire, in-depth interviews and focus groups that were then analysed through a thematic analysis, underpinned by a constructivist approach.SettingsAn online mixed methods study of a defined cohort of participants who had completed the NHSDA course.Participants26 participants were recruited to the study, of whom 50% were clinicians, 26.9% in management and 19.2% in data science. All had completed the 2-year NHSDA programme in Digital Health Leadership more than 6 months prior.ResultsInterviews and focus groups elicited two key areas of impact of the course: loco-regional digitisation and the development of a network of change agents. The dissertation project had direct effects on local digital transformation efforts. Most of these projects focused on clinician (11.7%) or service user (10.3%) engagement, as oppose to de novo digital processes (9.4%). The development of a network of digital leaders has facilitated communication between organisations and improved the efficiency of the national digital infrastructure.ConclusionsA bespoke course incorporating a dissertation of practice model for digital health leaders can have broader impact for the attainment of digital priorities. This includes helping trusts to successfully adopt digital solutions, as well as fostering shared organisational learning. These influences, however, are mediated by resource and cultural barriers, which continue to hinder transformation efforts.
Light acupuncture and five-element music therapy for nurses’ mental health and well-being during and post-COVID-19: protocol for a randomised cross-over feasibility study
Authors: Wang Carol Chunfeng , Lo Johnny , Saunders Rosemary , Adama Esther , Bulsara Caroline , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Yang Angela Wei Hong 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionAustralian nurses have experienced higher levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prepandemic. This may have affected their long-term mental health and intention to stay in the profession resulting in a workforce shortage, which further impacts the health of the public. Management is urgently required to improve nurses’ well-being. However, there is limited evidence available. The proposed clinical trial aims to evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic effects of using a combination of light acupuncture and five-element music therapy to improve nurses’ mental health and well-being during and post-COVID-19.Methods and analysisThis randomised, single blinding, two-arm cross-over feasibility study involves a 1-week run-in period, 2-week intervention and 1-week run-in period in between interventions. Thirty-six eligible nurses will be recruited from the community and randomised into either a combination of light acupuncture treatment and five-element music therapy group or no treatment group for 2 weeks. After a 1-week run in period, they will be swapped to the different group. The primary outcome of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a combination of light acupuncture treatment and five-element music therapy to improve nurses’ mental health and well-being. The secondary outcomes will include anxiety and depression, work productivity and activity, and quality of life assessments. Participants will be asked to complete a set of online questionnaires throughout the trial period. All analyses will be performed in R Studio V.1.1.463.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was attained from Edith Cowan University’s Human Research Ethics Committee (No. 2021–02728-WANG). Research findings will be shared with hospitals and in various forms to engage broader audiences, including national and international conferences, presentations, open-access peer-reviewed journal publications, and local community workshop dissemination with healthcare professionals.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12621000957897p https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12621000957897p.aspx