bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and investigation of hybrid PON‐FSO system employing modified NZCC code under distinct weather conditions
Authors: Kumari Meet , Narayan Yogendra , Arya Vivek 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a hybrid time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (TWDM‐PON) and wavelength division multiplexing optical code division multiple access (WDM‐OCDMA) with free space optics (FSO) for bidirectional 160/40 Gbps transmission has been proposed. Also, to offer the information to 64 users over 60 km fiber and 600 m FSO channels under diverse climate conditions have been presented. Also, to resist the fiber impairments, interference, noise and losses under the effect of unfavorable climate conditions in hybrid fiber‐FSO link, a modified new zero‐cross correlation (NZCC) code is effectively used in the system to enhance the system ability to access shared bandwidth with users' security. The performance of the designed PON system has been analysed and investigated for diverse FSO (10–600 m) and fiber distance (0–60 km) under distinct climate conditions. Based on mathematical and simulation analysis, the designed system using modified NZCC code is shown to provide better performance than other OCDMA codes. The designed system with hybrid fiber‐FSO link improves the performance of the system in terms of high received optical power of 3 dBm and support 110 users simultaneously at acceptable BER of 10−9, under fiber impairments, climate conditions and turbulences. Additionally, on comparing the designed system's performance with the prior latest work in literature reveals its superiority than others in codes and system design.
Improving crop yield potential: Underlying biological processes and future prospects
Authors: Burgess Alexandra J. , Masclaux‐Daubresse Céline , Strittmatter Günter , Weber Andreas P. M. , Taylor Samuel Harry , Harbinson Jeremy , Yin Xinyou , Long Stephen , Paul Matthew J. , Westhoff Peter , Loreto Francesco , Ceriotti Aldo , Saltenis Vandasue L. R. , Pribil Mathias , Nacry Philippe , Scharff Lars B. , Jensen Poul Erik , Muller Bertrand , Cohan Jean‐Pierre , Foulkes John , Rogowsky Peter , Debaeke Philippe , Meyer Christian , Nelissen Hilde , Inzé Dirk , Klein Lankhorst René , Parry Martin A. J. , Murchie Erik H. , Baekelandt Alexandra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe growing world population and global increases in the standard of living both result in an increasing demand for food, feed and other plant‐derived products. In the coming years, plant‐based research will be among the major drivers ensuring food security and the expansion of the bio‐based economy. Crop productivity is determined by several factors, including the available physical and agricultural resources, crop management, and the resource use efficiency, quality and intrinsic yield potential of the chosen crop. This review focuses on intrinsic yield potential, since understanding its determinants and their biological basis will allow to maximize the plant's potential in food and energy production. Yield potential is determined by a variety of complex traits that integrate strictly regulated processes and their underlying gene regulatory networks. Due to this inherent complexity, numerous potential targets have been identified that could be exploited to increase crop yield. These encompass diverse metabolic and physical processes at the cellular, organ and canopy level. We present an overview of some of the distinct biological processes considered to be crucial for yield determination that could further be exploited to improve future crop productivity.
Measures of climate for inclusion and diversity: Review and summary
Authors: Park Sohee , Park Sunyoung , Shryack Jessica 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to review diversity climate and inclusive climate scales and identify their features. By using three key concepts present in the diversity and inclusion climate literature (fairness, uniqueness, and belongingness), 13 measures were analyzed and summarized according to individual, group, leadership, and organizational levels. Both inclusive and diversity climate measures are based on the assumption that individual differences should be perceived, accepted, and valued in organizations. Inclusive climate measures specifically emphasize how much individuals feel a sense of belongingness to their groups or organizations while still feeling free to maintain and express their differences and uniqueness. Measures for diversity climate focus on the ways in which organizations can support diverse employees and how organizations can provide fair and equal opportunities to employees regardless of their differences. Discussion and implications are presented.
Takotsubo syndrome and COVID‐19: A systematic review
Authors: Ghasemi Hoomaan , Kazemian Sina , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Shafie Mahan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsTakotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy, is characterized by acute and transient left ventricular dysfunction and has increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Herein, we aim to review studies on TTS that were associated with COVID‐19 infection, vaccine, and other COVID‐19‐related etiologies including psychosocial stressors.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus up to May 12, 2022. We included case reports, case series, and original articles that reported at least one TTS case associated with COVID‐19, or TTS cases after receiving COVID‐19 vaccines, or TTS cases secondary to psychological stress due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist.ResultsSixty‐seven articles including 102 cases were included. Hypertension was the most frequently accompanying comorbidity (N = 67 [65.6%]) and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 36.5%. Among COVID‐19 patients, the in‐hospital mortality rate was 33.3%. On the other hand, only one COVID‐19‐negative individual expired (2.3%). The most common presenting clinical symptom was dyspnea in 42 (73.6%) patients. the mean time interval from the first symptom to admission was 7.2 days. The most common chest imaging finding was ground‐glass opacity which was reported in 14 (31.1%) participants. The most common abnormalities were T‐wave inversion in 35 (43.2%) and ST‐segment elevation in 30 (37%). Brain natriuretic peptide and troponin were elevated in 94.7% and 95.9% of participants, respectively.ConclusionThe TTS in patients with COVID‐19 is almost rare, whereas it could lead to a great mortality and morbidity. An individual with COVID‐19, especially an elderly woman, presented with dyspnea in addition to a rise in brain natriuretic peptide and troponin should be evaluated for TTS.
The factor structure of extrapyramidal symptoms evaluated using the Drug‐Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale in patients with schizophrenia: Results from the 2016 REAP AP‐4 study
Authors: Kubota Chika , Inada Toshiya , Lin Shih‐Ku , Avasthi Ajit , Chee Kok Yoon , Tanra Andi Jayalangkara , Yang Shu‐Yu , Chen Lian‐Yu , Chong Mian‐Yoon , Tripathi Adarsh , Kallivayalil Roy Abraham , Grover Sandeep , Park Seon‐Cheol , Kato Takahiro A. , Xiang Yu‐Tao , Sim Kang , Maramis Margarita M. , Noor Isa Multazam , Tan Chay‐Hoon , Sartorius Norman , Shinfuku Naotaka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionDrug‐induced extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) remains a major problem in clinical psychiatry. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of drug‐induced extrapyramidal symptoms observed in patients with schizophrenia and assessed using the Drug‐Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS).MethodsThe participants were 1478 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia whose EPS was assessed using the DIEPSS in India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan in the 2016 REAP AP‐4 study. The records of the participants were randomly divided into two subgroups: the first for exploratory factor analysis of the eight DIEPSS items, and the second for confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsThe factor analysis identified three factors: F1 (gait and bradykinesia), F2 (muscle rigidity and tremor), and F3 (sialorrhea, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia).ConclusionThe results suggest that the eight individual items of the DIEPSS could be composed of three different mechanisms: acute parkinsonism observed during action (F1), acute parkinsonism observed at rest (F2), and central dopaminergic mechanisms with pathophysiology other than acute parkinsonism (F3).
The role of the basal forebrain in general anesthesia
Authors: Peng Yi‐Ting , Yuan Cheng‐Dong , Zhang Yi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe basal forebrain is a group of nerve nuclei on the ventral side of the ventral ganglion, composed of γ‐aminobutyric acid neurons, glutamatergic neurons, cholinergic neurons, and orexigenic neurons. Previous studies have focused on the involvement of the basal forebrain in regulating reward, learning, movement, sleep–awakening, and other neurobiological behaviors, but its role in the regulation of general anesthesia has not been systematically elucidated. Therefore, the different neuronal subtypes in the basal forebrain and projection pathways in general anesthesia will be discussed in this paper. In this paper, we aim to determine and elaborate on the role of the basal forebrain in general anesthesia and the development of theoretical research and provide a new theory.
Does illicit financial flows crowd‐out domestic investment? Evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa economic regions
Authors: Afolabi Joshua Adeyemi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe effect of illicit financial flows (IFFs) on macroeconomic performance has been subjected to debates in the academic and policy arena, albeit with little evidence on its investment effect. This study contributes to the IFF‐investment literature by focusing on the four economic regions in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), where IFFs have been growing consistently. The Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and panel dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) estimators were utilized to analyse data for the period, 2008–2020. The result signalled inter‐connection among Sub‐Saharan African countries and affirmed the existence of a long‐run relationship among the variables considered. The empirical findings showed that IFFs crowd‐out domestic investment among the four SSA economic regions in the short and long time dimensions. This study, therefore, advocates for synergy among the stakeholders in each economic region to devise deliberate strategies to fight against the menace of IFFs toward successfully achieving Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis after the administration of enfortumab vedotin for urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Mimura Yuji , Kobayashi Aya , Utazu Haruhiko , Matsumoto Yuki , Mizusawa Hiroya 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionEnfortumab vedotin is a novel drug for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, but it is associated with a high incidence of skin reactions (up to 47.0%).Case presentationA 71‐year‐old male was administered enfortumab vedotin for bladder cancer associated with lymph node metastases. Slight erythema of the upper limbs appeared on Day 5. Erythema gradually worsened. On Day 8, second administration was performed. On Day 12, based on the extents of blisters, erosion, and epidermolysis, a diagnosis of toxic epidermal necrolysis was made. The patient died of multiple organ failure on Day 18.ConclusionAs serious cutaneous toxicity may appear early after the start of administration, it is important to consider the timing of the second administration of the initial course carefully. In cases of skin reaction, reduction or discontinuation should be considered.
Gold–oxoborate nanocomposite‐coated orthodontic brackets gain antibacterial properties while remaining safe for eukaryotic cells
Authors: Łyczek Jan , Bończak Bartłomiej , Krzymińska Izabela , Giżyński Konrad , Paczesny Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study's main objective is to limit bacterial biofilm formation on fixed orthodontic appliances. Bacterial biofilm formation on such devices (e.g., brackets) causes enamel demineralization, referred to as white spot lesions (WSL). WSL is significant health, social and economic problem. We provide a nanotechnology‐based solution utilizing a nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles embedded in a polyoxoborate matrix (BOA: B—boron, O—oxygen, A—gold, Latin aurum). The nanocomposite is fully inorganic, and the coating protocol is straightforward, effective, and ecologically friendly (low waste and water‐based). Prepared coatings are mechanically stable against brushing with a toothbrush (up to 100 min of brushing). Bacteria adhesion and antibacterial properties are tested against Streptococcus mutans—common bacteria in the oral cavity. BOA reduces the adhesion of bacteria by around 78%, that is, from around 7.99 × 105 ± 1.33 × 105 CFU per bracket to 1.69 × 105 ± 3.07 × 104 CFU per bracket of S. mutans detached from unmodified and modified brackets, respectively. Modified fixed orthodontic brackets remain safe for eukaryotic cells and meet ISO 10993‐5:2009 requirements for medical devices. The gathered data show that BOA deposited on orthodontic appliances provides a viable preventive measure against bacteria colonization, which presents frequent and significant complications of orthodontic treatment.
Nitric oxide releasing poly(vinyl alcohol)/S‐nitrosated keratin film as a potential vascular graft
Authors: Liu Xu , Wang Chenshu , Du Mingyu , Dou Jie , Yang Jinyu , Shen Jian , Yuan Jiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) releasing vascular graft is promising due to its merits of thromboembolism reduction and endothelialization promotion. In this study, keratin‐based NO donor of S‐nitrosated keratin (KSNO) was blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and further crosslinked with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) to afford PVA/KSNO biocomposite films. These films could release NO sustainably for up to 10 days, resulting in the promotion of HUVECs growth and the inhibition of HUASMCs growth. In addition, these films displayed good blood compatibility and antibacterial activity. Taken together, these films have potential applications in vascular grafts.
Quadrupole versus dipole photomotors: Symmetry constraints and operating properties
Authors: Dekhtyar Marina L. , Rozenbaum Viktor М. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe operating properties of different‐type Brownian photomotors have been compared in relation to the symmetry interplay between their moving (particle/molecule) and immovable (substrate) units. As found, essentially different symmetry constraints and hence different motor behavior are characteristic of molecules if their electron density redistribution on excitation involves only odd‐order or only even‐order multipole moments. The two respective types of molecules give rise to dipole and quadrupole photomotors. Purely dipole photomotors can operate only on substrates with symmetric charge distribution and their ensemble with random molecular orientations undergoes equidirectional diffusion rather than directed motion. Contrary to this, purely quadrupole photomotors need substrates with antisymmetric charge distribution for directed motion to occur and they can move directionally in an ensemble. Also, quadrupole photomotors provide much smaller velocities of directed motion than their dipole counterparts (as a result of the much weaker interaction of quadrupoles than dipoles with an electric field). The generic distinctions between the two photomotor types are exemplified by donor‐acceptor‐substituted stilbenoids (dipole molecules) and symmetric squaraines (quadrupole molecules). The model used affords the rational design of photomotors by the selection of promising moving molecules and by the continuous wide‐range tuning of charge‐distribution symmetry in substrates.
Bayesian Complex Innovative Trial Designs (CIDs) and Their Use in Drug Development for Rare Disease
Authors: Carlin Bradley P , Nollevaux Fabrice 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs the temporal, financial, and ethical cost of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) continues to rise, researchers and regulators in drug discovery and development face increasing pressure to make better use of existing data sources. This pressure is especially high in rare disease, where traditionally designed RCTs are often infeasible due to the inability to recruit enough patients or the unwillingness of patients or trial leaders to randomly assign anyone to placebo. Bayesian statistical methods have recently been recommended in such settings for their ability to combine disparate data sources, increasing overall study power. The use of these methods has received a boost in the United States thanks to a new willingness by regulators at the Food and Drug Administration to consider complex innovative trial designs. These designs allow trialists to change the nature of the trial (eg, stop early for success or futility, drop an underperforming trial arm, incorporate data on historical controls, etc) while it is still running. In this article, we review a broad collection of Bayesian techniques useful in rare disease research, indicating the benefits and risks associated with each. We begin with relatively innocuous methods for combining information from RCTs and proceed on through increasingly innovative approaches that borrow strength from increasingly heterogeneous and less carefully curated data sources. We also offer 2 examples from the very recent literature illustrating how clinical pharmacology principles can make important contributions to such designs, confirming the interdisciplinary nature of this work.
Model‐Informed Approach Supporting Drug Development and Regulatory Evaluation for Rare Diseases
Authors: Li Ruo‐Jing , Ma Lian , Li Fang , Li Liang , Bi Youwei , Yuan Ye , Li Yangbing , Xu Yuan , Zhang Xinyuan , Liu Jiang , Bhattaram Venkatesh Atul , Wang Jie , Schuck Robert , Pacanowski Michael , Zhu Hao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA rare disease is defined as a condition affecting fewer than 200 000 people in the United States by the Orphan Drug Act. For rare diseases, it is challenging to enroll a large number of patients and obtain all critical information to support drug approval through traditional clinical trial approaches. In addition, over half of the population affected by rare diseases are children, which presents additional drug development challenges. Thus, maximizing the use of all available data is in the interest of drug developers and regulators in rare diseases. This brings opportunities for model‐informed drug development to use and integrate all available sources and knowledge to quantitatively assess the benefit/risk of a new product under development and to inform dosing. This review article provides an overview of 4 broad categories of use of model‐informed drug development in drug development and regulatory decision making in rare diseases: optimizing dose regimen, supporting pediatric extrapolation, informing clinical trial design, and providing confirmatory evidence for effectiveness. The totality of evidence based on population pharmacokinetic simulation as well as exposure‐response relationships for efficacy and safety, provides the regulatory ground for the approval of an unstudied dosing regimen in rare diseases without the need for additional clinical data. Given the practical and ethical challenges in drug development in rare diseases, model‐informed approaches using all collective information (eg, disease, drug, placebo effect, exposure‐response in nonclinical and clinical settings) are powerful and can be applied throughout the drug development stages to facilitate decision making.
The contribution of non‐tropical cyclone vortices to the rainfall of the Philippines
Authors: Olaguera Lyndon Mark P. , Matsumoto Jun , Manalo John A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWeaker disturbances than tropical cyclones (TCs) such as tropical depressions and cold surges can significantly induce heavy rainfall and flooding events over the Philippines. However, the analysis of these disturbances including their rainfall contributions are often neglected in previous studies. As the first attempt to address this research gap, this study investigates the rainfall contribution of non‐TC vortices over the Philippines from 1979 to 2020. Only those rainfall‐producing non‐TC vortices that formed and appeared within a 500‐km radius from the Philippine coastline were examined in this study. A total of 7,686 non‐TC vortex days (50% of the total days during the analysis period) were identified. The mean rainfall contribution of these non‐TC vortices was found to be highest over the northeastern Mindanao Island (80–90% of the mean daily rainfall) and lowest over the central and western regions of Luzon Island (50–60%). Seasonal analysis of the occurrence frequency of these vortices shows that they are most frequent during the December–February (DJF) season. In this season, the rainfall contribution may increase to 50–80% of the mean daily rainfall over the whole country, while in the other seasons, the rainfall contribution may only increase to as much as 60%. Higher frequency of extreme rainfall days associated with these non‐TC vortices were also found during the DJF season. The frequency of occurrence and percentage rainfall contribution of these non‐TC vortices in relation to the different phases of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO) during boreal summer (June–October) and the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) during boreal winter (December–April) were also examined. Higher frequency and percentage rainfall contribution over the country were found during Phases 4–6 of both the BSISO and MJO, during which their respective active convections transition from the Maritime Continent to the western North Pacific.
Interannual variability of the double easterly jets over the tropical western Pacific and their effects on tropical cyclone genesis
Authors: Zhan Xinyue , Wen Zhiping , Guo Yuanyuan , Huang Sihua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDifferent from other upper‐tropospheric jet stream that owns the single jet axis, the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) generally splits into two branches over the tropical western Pacific where the TEJ inflows from June to September, with the north branch locating near 20°N and the south branch appearing near the equator. However, how these double easterly jets change from year to year and whether they have effects on the tropical cyclones (TCs) over the tropical western Pacific are still unknown. Observational evidence has demonstrated that the double easterly jets in the TEJ's inflow region exhibit an out‐of‐phase relationship in the interannual time scale and is significantly related to the TCs genesis. Corresponding to a stronger south branch and a weaker north branch, the accelerated (decelerated) easterly wind for the south (north) branch would induce a northerly (southerly) ageostrophic wind, thus triggering an upper‐tropospheric divergence between the double easterly jets. This divergence can further lead to anomalous ascending flows over the western North Pacific, which turns out to be the primary cause that increases the TCs number over there. The results highlight that the out‐of‐phase variation of the double easterly jets could dynamically modulate the occurrence of the TCs over the western North Pacific by inducing the secondary vertical circulation.