bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of the McMurray Test for Meniscal Tear in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients
Authors: Sarkisova Natalya , DeGuzman Laura , Wren Tishya A. L. , Zaslow Tracy L. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to identify the accuracy of the McMurray test in the adolescent and pediatric population.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Tertiary care, institutional.

Patients:
Inclusion criteria included patients who presented with unilateral knee pain and were seen by pediatric sports medicine physicians. Patients were excluded if their knee pain was related to any underlying conditions. Three hundred patient charts were reviewed, and 183 patients (age range: 8-18 years, mean: 14 years; 74 male) met the inclusion criteria.

Interventions:
Symptoms at initial visit (knee pain).

Main Outcome Measures:
Presence of a meniscal tear using the McMurray test.

Results:
Eighty-four percent (160/191) of patients had a McMurray test documented as performed by the physician, and 17% (27/160) elucidated a positive response. Of 26 patients who had a positive McMurray and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 16 (62%) showed a meniscal tear on their MRI. However, of the 87 patients who had a negative McMurray and still underwent MRI, 25 (29%) had a positive meniscal tear. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 39%, 86%, 62%, and 71%, respectively.

Conclusion:
In a pediatric and adolescent population, the McMurray test was negative for 61% (23/38) of meniscal tears identified on MRI.

Clinical Relevance:
Although the test can be a useful tool as a part of a thorough evaluation, combining it with mechanical symptoms, patient history and imaging may be more helpful to diagnose a meniscus tear.
Unilateral Optic Nerve Diffusion Restriction After Sinus Surgery Secondary to Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Parikh Parth P. , Harahsheh Ehab Y. , Dumitrascu Oana M. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Permanent perioperative vision loss is caused by ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) or central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Whereas diffusion restriction of the optic nerve (ON) on brain magnetic resonance imaging has been previously reported in perioperative posterior ION (PION), there are no reports of ON diffusion restriction in patients diagnosed with acute perioperative CRAO. We present a case of perioperative CRAO to highlight this neuroimaging finding for neuroradiologists and neurologists.

Case Report:
A 71-year-old male without vascular risk factors underwent maxillary bilateral antrostomy and septoplasty for chronic sinusitis. Twenty to thirty minutes upon awakening, he complained of painless left eye vision loss. Ophthalmoscopic examination showed retinal whitening, segmented arterioles, and hyperemic disc. Brain MR-diffusion weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient revealed ON diffusion restriction in the proximal segment. Despite attempted reperfusion, left eye remained with no light perception at 6 months. Patients undergoing nonocular surgeries who develop perioperative vision loss related to PION may exhibit ON diffusion restriction but usually have normal ophthalmoscopic findings. CRAO shows retinal whitening, edema, segmentation of arterioles, and cherry red spot on ophthalmoscopy. A recent study reported that ON diffusion restriction in nonperioperative CRAO cases has a sensitivity and specificity of 55% and 70% to 100%. Here, PION was initially considered based on imaging. However, given the neuro-ophthalmic findings, a proximal embolus in the central retinal artery, obstructing its entrance into the proximal ON was deemed more likely.

Conclusion:
We highlight that proximal ON diffusion restriction on brain magnetic resonance imaging can be diagnostic of proximal thromboembolic CRAO. Future studies should evaluate the diagnostic utility and accuracy of MR-diffusion weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient in perioperative visual loss.
A Novel Validated Breast Aesthetic Scale
Authors: Duraes Eliana F. R. , Durand Paul , Morisada Megan , Scomacao Isis , Duraes Leonardo C. , de Sousa Joao Batista , Abedi Nasim , Djohan Risal S. , Bernard Steven , Moreira Andrea , Schwarz Graham S. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Breast aesthetics impacts patients’ quality of life after breast reconstruction, but patients and surgeons frequently disagree on the final aesthetic evaluation. The need for a comprehensive, validated tool to evaluate breast aesthetics independently from the patient motivated this study.

Methods:
The 13-item Validated Breast Aesthetic Scale was developed after several internal meetings, and worded to be understood by a nonspecialist. Three items are common for both breasts, with the remaining being side-specific. To test the internal consistency of the scale subitems, postoperative photographs after different breast reconstruction techniques were graded by a six-member panel. To test interrater and intrarater correlation across time, four physicians evaluated the results of abdominally based breast reconstructions following nipple-sparing mastectomies.

Results:
Graded aesthetic outcomes of 53 patients showed that the Cronbach alpha of the subitems of the scale was 0.926, with no single item that, if excluded, would increase it. Twenty-two patients underwent aesthetic outcomes grading at four different time points. The mean overall appearance was 3.71 ± 0.62. The mean grade for overall nipple appearance was 4.0 ± 0.57. The coefficient alpha of the panel overall aesthetic grade across different time points was 0.957; whereas intragrader reliability for graders 1 through 4 individually showed alpha coefficients of 0.894, 0.9, 0.898, and 0.688, respectively. Similar results were found for the other items of the scale.

Conclusions:
The proposed aesthetic scale evaluates different aspects of the breast reconstruction aesthetic result with excellent internal consistency among its subitems. Grading by a gender-balanced, diverse four-member panel using postoperative photographs showed higher reliability and reproducibility compared to single graders.
In vivo transomic analyses of glucose-responsive metabolism in skeletal muscle reveal core differences between the healthy and obese states
Authors: Kokaji Toshiya , Eto Miki , Hatano Atsushi , Yugi Katsuyuki , Morita Keigo , Ohno Satoshi , Fujii Masashi , Hironaka Ken-ichi , Ito Yuki , Egami Riku , Uematsu Saori , Terakawa Akira , Pan Yifei , Maehara Hideki , Li Dongzi , Bai Yunfan , Tsuchiya Takaho , Ozaki Haruka , Inoue Hiroshi , Kubota Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yutaka , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Soga Tomoyoshi , Kuroda Shinya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetabolic regulation in skeletal muscle is essential for blood glucose homeostasis. Obesity causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, leading to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we performed multiomic analysis of the skeletal muscle of wild-type (WT) and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice, and constructed regulatory transomic networks for metabolism after oral glucose administration. Our network revealed that metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive metabolites had a major effect on WT mice, especially carbohydrate metabolic pathways. By contrast, inob/obmice, much of the metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive metabolites was lost and metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive genes was largely increased, especially in carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways. We present some characteristic metabolic regulatory pathways found in central carbon, branched amino acids, and ketone body metabolism. Our transomic analysis will provide insights into how skeletal muscle responds to changes in blood glucose and how it fails to respond in obesity.
Activation of the CA2-vCA1 pathway reverses social discrimination dysfunction inShank3Bknockout mice
Authors: Cope Elise C. , Wang Samantha H. , Waters Renée C. , Vasquez Betsy , Gould Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSocial memory dysfunction is a feature of several neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mutation or deletion of theSHANK3gene, which codes for a synaptic scaffolding protein, has been linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Phelan-McDermid syndrome, conditions associated with impairments in social memory.Shank3Bknockout (KO) mice exhibit several behavioral abnormalities that may be analogous to symptoms of ASD, including social discrimination deficits. The CA2 region of the hippocampus integrates numerous afferents and sends a major output to the ventral CA1 (vCA1), circuitry that plays an important role in social memory. Despite finding few differences in excitatory afferents to the CA2 inShank3BKO mice, chemogenetic activation of CA2 excitatory neurons restored social recognition function to wildtype (WT) levels. Specific activation of the CA2-vCA1 circuitry had a similar effect. Neuronal oscillations in the theta, gamma and, sharp wave ripple ranges have been linked to social memory, but we observed no differences in these measures between WT andShank3BKO mice in the vCA1 in response to social stimuli. However, activation of CA2 excitatory neurons enhanced vCA1 theta power inShank3BKO mice, concurrent with behavioral improvements. These findings suggest that stimulating adult circuitry in a mouse model with neurodevelopmental impairments can be sufficient to invoke latent function, particularly with respect to social memory dysfunction. The extent to which vCA1 network oscillations in the theta range are responsible for rescued behavioral function remains unknown.
Autophagy-cell death balance is maintained by Polycomb-mediated regulation during stem cell differentiation
Authors: Puri Deepika , Kelkar Aparna , Bhaskar Gauri Shankar , Subramanyam Deepa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAutophagy is a conserved cytoprotective process, aberrations in which, lead to numerous degenerative disorders. While the cytoplasmic components of autophagy have been extensively studied, the epigenetic regulation of autophagy genes, especially in stem cells, is less understood. Deciphering the epigenetic regulation of autophagy genes becomes increasingly relevant given the therapeutic benefits of small-molecule epigenetic inhibitors in novel treatment modalities. We observe that, during retinoic acid-mediated differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), autophagy is induced, and identify the Polycomb enzyme EZH2 as a regulator of this process. In mESCs, EZH2 represses several autophagy genes including the autophagy regulatorDram1. EZH2 facilitates the formation of a bivalent chromatin domain at theDram1promoter, which allows the expression of the gene and induction of autophagy during differentiation, while still retaining the repressive H3K27me3 mark. EZH2 inhibition leads to loss of the bivalent domain, and a consequential “hyper- expression” ofDram1, with extensive cell death. This study shows that Polycomb group proteins help maintain an autophagy-cell death balance during stem cell differentiation, in part, by regulating the expression of theDram1gene.
Financial distress, earnings management and Big 4 auditors in emerging markets
Authors: Viana Jr Dante Baiardo C. , Lourenço Isabel , Black Ervin L. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the association between financial distress and accruals-based earnings management in emerging markets, and the role that auditors play in that association.

Design/methodology/approach
This study relies on a sample of 33,455 firm-year observations from 20 emerging markets, covering a large period of analysis of 20 years. A multivariate analysis is performed by considering the level of financial distress as the dependent variable, and the accruals-based earnings management and dummies for the type of auditor as the main independent ones.

Findings
The authors predict and find empirical evidence that firms facing greater financial distress engage in income-increasing accruals-based earnings management in emerging markets, and that such engagement is lower in firms audited by Big 4 firms compared to those audited by non-Big 4 auditors. The authors also find significant differences across Big 4 audit firms in their role of constraining income-increasing earnings management strategies in firms with high levels of financial distress.

Originality/value
The study adds to previous literature by investigating the association between financial distress and accruals-based earnings management in a comprehensive sample of 20 emerging markets, by providing important overall cross-country empirical evidence that has not been addressed by previous literature. The authors also bring new knowledge by discussing the role played by the Big 4 audit firms in limiting earnings management practices by firms with high levels of financial distress. Such a limitation serves as an important external corporate governance mechanism to restrain managers’ opportunistic behaviour in firms facing financial distress – especially in emerging economies characterized overall by institutional voids.
Understanding the market potential of products from alternative food networks in a transition economy—a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Möllers Judith , Bäuml Theresa , Dufhues Thomas 
Published: March 2022

PurposeEthical consumption is on the rise amidst concerns about the environmental and health impacts of industrial agriculture. In light of increasingly complex food choices, alternative food networks have emerged. However, their success depends on a deeper understanding of the product attributes that guide (ethical) consumer decisions. This study focuses on the preferences of consumers when choosing and buying fresh vegetables in Romania.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a discrete choice experiment to determine how consumers make trade-offs across a set of product attributes, such as local origin and production method.FindingsThe study analysis sheds light on the importance of food attributes relevant to ethical consumers. The main barrier to making an ethically driven choice is convenience. While local production remains of lower importance than the production method, the authors show that the Romanian consumers surveyed strongly prefer non-certified “traditional” vegetables over certified organic products.Originality/valueThis study is pioneering with a state-of-the-art discrete choice setting looking at a set of product attributes that reflect the demand of ethical consumers in an understudied transitional context. The authors go beyond the current debate on the trade-off between organic vs local food labels by introducing traditional small-scale production as a separate attribute level. The food attribute preferences of different consumer segments and a market simulation offer relevant insights how to market fresh vegetables to health- and environmentally-conscious urban people.
Investigating the barriers of blockchain technology integrated food supply chain: a BWM approach
Authors: Khan Shahbaz , Kaushik Mohit Kant , Kumar Rajeev , Khan Waseem 
Published: March 2022

PurposeBlockchain is an evolving technology that has an impact on a variety of industries and related operations including food supply chain. There are several challenges associated in the implementation of blockchain in the food supply chain. As a result, the goal of this research is to identify and analyse the barriers associated with the implementation of blockchain in food supply chains.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive literature review is conducted to identify 16 primary barriers associated with the implementation of blockchain technology in the food supply chain and experts finalise these identified barriers and further categorise them into four groups. Furthermore, the best worst method is used to prioritise the finalised barriers.FindingsThe findings suggest that “technological barriers” and “organisational barriers” are primary barriers among the identified barriers for the implementation of blockchain. These barriers could be mitigated through supply chain collaboration, efficient blockchain technology development through research and development, and increasing technical competence.Research limitations/implicationsIn terms of limitation, there is a possibility that some barriers were overlooked in the literature review process, and expert judgement might be prejudiced. This paper examines the blockchain implementation in the food supply chain, to assist policymakers in overcoming these barriers and ensuring effective adoption.Originality/valueThis study focuses on the effective implementation of blockchain technology in the food supply chain in the context of emerging economies.
Belt and Road Initiative and OFDI from China: the paradox of home country institutional environment between state and local governments
Authors: Yao Haitang , Zhong Mengqing , Liu Wei , Chen Bo 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This study aims to explore the effect of the home country institutional environment on firms’ outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and how it is affected by institutional environment differences across home country subregions. Drawing on transaction cost theory, this paper examined the relationship between the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Chinese firms’ OFDI, as well as the moderating roles of local government officials’ career horizons and state ownership.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 5,018 Chinese firm-year observations with foreign investment activities was used over 11 years to estimate a panel-feasible generalized least square regression model.

Findings
The results show that the BRI improves Chinese firms’ OFDI in countries along the BRI route. Furthermore, this positive relationship is weaker for firms where provincial officials have longer career horizons and is stronger for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) compared to non-SOEs.

Originality/value
The findings confirm the positive effect of home country institutional environment on firms’ OFDI. Furthermore, the multiple government perspective offers new insight into the effects of the home country’s institutional environment on OFDI.
How does customer cooperation affect employees’ prosocial service behavior in upscale Chinese hotels? An affective social exchange perspective
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Yun , Xu Feng Zeng 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Guided by the affect theory of social exchange, this study aims to examine the affective process underlying the impact of customer cooperation on hotel frontline employees’ prosocial service behavior. Job autonomy was tested as a boundary condition.

Design/methodology/approach
A mix-mode quantitative survey collected data from 818 frontline employees in 14 upscale hotels across China. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test the research hypotheses.

Findings
Results suggest that customer cooperation influences employees’ prosocial service behavior directly and indirectly via employees’ positive affect. Contrary to expectations, job autonomy weakened the relationships among customer cooperation, positive affect and employees’ extra-role customer service but did not moderate the impacts of customer cooperation and positive affect on employees’ role-prescribed customer service.

Originality/value
As an initial attempt to investigate the effects of customer cooperation on two types of frontline employees’ prosocial behavior, this study broadens the application of the affect theory of social exchange and contributes to an understanding of the theory’s boundary conditions by testing a framework under the contextual condition of job autonomy.
Impact of real earnings management on earnings persistence – evidence from India
Authors: Potharla Srikanth 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe present study aims to examine the relationship between real earnings management and earnings persistence and also to test how the group affiliation of the firms influences this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws the sample of listed non-financial firms in the Indian market from the year 2011 to 2018 and applies panel least squares regression with industry and year fixed effects. Future performance of a firm is measured by one year leading value of return on assets. The interaction term of real earnings management and return on assets is used to measure the impact of real earnings management on earnings persistence. The firm-specific controlling variables are also included in the empirical model. The robustness of the results is tested by sub-dividing the sample into group affiliated and non-group affiliated firms.FindingsThe findings of the study reveal that opportunistic earnings management has a significant impact on earnings persistence when real earnings management is measured through abnormal increase in operating cash flows and abnormal reduction in discretionary expenditure. On the other hand, signalling earnings management has a significant impact on earnings persistence when real earnings management is measured through abnormal increase in the level of production. The results also reveal that REM has more negative implications on group affiliated firms compared to non-group affiliated firms supporting the theory of entrenchment effect.Originality/valueThis is the first study in the Indian context which tests the implications of real earnings management on earnings persistence by using three alternative measures of real earnings management. The study contributes to the existing literature on the implications of real earnings management in emerging markets like India.
Tales from two cities: COVID-19 and the localisation of tourism in London and Paris
Authors: Pappalepore Ilaria , Gravari-Barbas Maria 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Drawing on empirical research conducted in London and Paris between July 2020 and June 2021, this paper explores whether these two global metropolises may be able to take the COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity to develop more sustainable forms of urban tourism. More specifically, this study aims to analyse whether new forms of localised tourism have developed as a result of the pandemic, how these have been nurtured and encouraged by the tourism industry in these two cities and the implications of these trends for the sustainable development of tourism in these two cities.

Design/methodology/approach
A combination of research methods was used: an online Delphi method, followed by in-depth one-to-one interviews with selected stakeholders and complemented by the analysis of media articles, policy documents and secondary data.

Findings
The qualitative data analysis highlights some key findings: tourism sustainability gained new importance after the pandemic; however, the crisis did not bring the sustainable revolution some stakeholders wished or expected. Nonetheless, in both cities, tourism marketing adopted a new “hyper-local” approach with the objective of encouraging proximity tourism and involving local residents more; thus, pointing to the need to review traditional definitions of the (urban) tourist.

Originality/value
Although the blurring between tourism and every day in cities has been widely discussed in tourism theory, this paper provides empirical evidence from two world tourism cities, showing some of the wider, practical implications of these theoretical debates for industry and policymaking in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.