bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term and long‐term consequences of regeneration on the reproductive investment of a multivoltine lizard
Authors: Fernández‐Rodríguez I. , Braña F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAutotomy is the ability to shed a body part when an animal receives an attack by a predator. It is often followed by regeneration of the lost parts to counteract dysfunctions related to limb amputation. Caudal autotomy is frequently used in lizards to avoid predation and is followed by tail regeneration. Regeneration is a costly process that can limit the resources available for somatic growth, accumulation of reserves and reproduction. We carried out two experiments to evaluate the short‐term and long‐term effects of regeneration following caudal autotomy on the reproductive investment of female wall lizards (Podarcis muralis), an iteroparous multivoltine species that produces 1–3 clutches per breeding season. In the short‐term experiment, we compared the clutches of intact and regenerating females to explore the effects of regeneration during the development of the second clutch (built under an income breeding strategy). In the long‐term experiment, we studied the investment made in the first spring clutch by intact and regenerating females, to assess the effects of regeneration that started prior to wintering, likely affecting the lipid storages required to develop that clutch (built under a capital breeding strategy). Regenerating females of both experiments presented a reduction in clutch mass relative to snout‐vent length, but greater in the short‐term than in the long‐term experiment. Furthermore, in the short‐term experiment, the amount of tail regenerated was negatively correlated with the investment in reproduction, and regenerating females presented higher egg failure rates. These effects were stronger when clutches were built mostly under an income breeding strategy, which suggests that capital breeding may buffer the costs of regeneration on reproduction.
Supporting in situ conservation of the genetic diversity of crop wild relatives using genomic technologies
Authors: Wambugu Peterson W. , Henry Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe last decade has witnessed huge technological advances in genomics, particularly in DNA sequencing. Here, we review the actual and potential application of genomics in supporting in situ conservation of crop wild relatives (CWRs). In addition to helping in prioritization of protection of CWR taxa and in situ conservation sites, genome analysis is allowing the identification of novel alleles that need to be prioritized for conservation. Genomics is enabling the identification of potential sources of important adaptive traits that can guide the establishment or enrichment of in situ genetic reserves. Genomic tools also have the potential for developing a robust framework for monitoring and reporting genome‐based indicators of genetic diversity changes associated with factors such as land use or climate change. These tools have been demonstrated to have an important role in managing the conservation of populations, supporting sustainable access and utilization of CWR diversity, enhancing accelerated domestication of new crops and forensic genomics thus preventing misappropriation of genetic resources. Despite this great potential, many policy makers and conservation managers have failed to recognize and appreciate the need to accelerate the application of genomics to support the conservation and management of biodiversity in CWRs to underpin global food security. Funding and inadequate genomic expertise among conservation practitioners also remain major hindrances to the widespread application of genomics in conservation.
A reproducible sensor pattern to suspect COVID19 pulmonary infection with LATITUDE. Case report and literature review
Authors: Zanchi Simone , La Greca Carmelo , Di Nanni Nunzia , Fogliata Emma , Zani Mariangela , Pecora Domenico 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA 78 year‐old patient with postischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy and severely reduced ejection fraction was implanted with a Boston Scientific RESONATE X4 CRT‐D and followed by LATITUDE remote monitoring platform. From the end of January to the end of March 2021 he was hospitalized for COVID19 pneumonia followed by two episodes of acute heart decompensation with bilateral pleural effusion. We remotely followed the patient and identified a typical Heart Logic sensor pattern linked to the COVID19 pneumonia, different from the one linked to the heart failure (HF). We eventually made a literature review on the topic.
Perioperative use of glucose containing solutions in infants less than 6 months of age: A clinical practice survey among US academic centers
Authors: Salik Irim , Doherty Tara , Kelley Ashley , Jacoby Michael , Mehta Bhupen , Pryjdun Olena , Mclean Maranatha , Barst Samuel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there is a wide breadth of literature on glucose homeostasis in infants, standardization of perioperative hypoglycemia diagnosis and management is lacking.AimsSurvey of academic pediatric anesthesiology departments across the USA to evaluate institutional policies regarding the perioperative use of glucose containing solutions in infants less than 6 months of age.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to 20 United States university affiliated academic pediatric anesthesiology departments.ResultsThe responses suggest that, in the centers surveyed, glucose administration in infants is largely practitioner dependent. Two respondents (10%) claim to have a departmental policy regarding glucose administration in infants less than 6 months of age. In premature infants, 75% of respondents administer glucose. When administering glucose, 75% of physicians surveyed replete infants at their maintenance intravenous fluid rate. There was discrepancy among practitioners regarding initiation of hypoglycemia treatment, 35% treat infants at a blood glucose level of 70 mg/dl, 30% at BG 60 mg/dl, 25% at 50 mg/dl, and 10% are unsure.DiscussionThis survey highlights the lack of consensus, at least among pediatric anesthesiologists working in US academic centers, regarding blood glucose management in infants less than 6 months of age. There is a need to define the indications for using glucose containing solutions in infants during the perioperative period, their ideal content, the appropriate thresholds for hypo‐ and hyperglycemia as well as the optimal point‐of care glucose monitoring intervals.
Introducing Web in a Mixed-Mode Establishment Survey: Effects on Nonresponse
Authors: Gleiser Patrick , Sakshaug Joseph W. , Volkert Marieke , Ellguth Peter , Kohaut Susanne , Möller Iris 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study reports on a mode design experiment in which a Web starting mode was introduced for the first time in the Institute for Employment Research Establishment Panel. A cross-sectional sample of establishments was randomized to be interviewed via the traditional face-to-face procedure or a Web-first sequential mixed-mode design with face-to-face follow-ups. Extensive administrative data were used to estimate and compare nonresponse bias at multiple phases of the sequential mixed-mode design, and assess the relationship between mode design and establishment characteristics on the likelihood of response. We show that the final response rates and nonresponse bias were similar between both mode designs, but these results contrasted with the results at each phase of the sequential mode design. Larger establishments were significantly more likely to respond in the Web mode compared to the face-to-face mode. A moderate cost savings (of about 14% per respondent) was estimated for the Web-first sequential mode design.
Prediction and Outlier Detection in Classification Problems
Authors: Guan Leying , Tibshirani Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider the multi-class classification problem when the training data and the out-of-sample test data may have different distributions and propose a method called BCOPS (balanced and conformal optimized prediction sets). BCOPS constructs a prediction set C(x) as a subset of class labels, possibly empty. It tries to optimize the out-of-sample performance, aiming to include the correct class and to detect outliers x as often as possible. BCOPS returns no prediction (corresponding to C(x) equal to the empty set) if it infers x to be an outlier. The proposed method combines supervised learning algorithms with conformal prediction to minimize a misclassification loss averaged over the out-of-sample distribution. The constructed prediction sets have a finite sample coverage guarantee without distributional assumptions. We also propose a method to estimate the outlier detection rate of a given procedure. We prove asymptotic consistency and optimality of our proposals under suitable assumptions and illustrate our methods on real data examples.
Performance Improvement of a Mixed Flow Turbine Using 3D Blading
Authors: Elliott Matthew , Spence Stephen , Seiler Martin , Geron Marco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mixed flow turbines have reached a level of maturity where iterative performance improvements are very small, with real performance benefits coming from better matching to a given application as opposed to improvements in technology. One ubiquitous design feature of mixed flow turbines used to control stress within the wheel is the radial fiber constraint, wherein blade material is stacked radially outward along the entirety of the blade. While this constraint yields a mechanical benefit, it constrains the aerodynamic design significantly, with the blade shape defined by one camberline. One potential means of realizing a performance improvement is the use of 3D blading, where the blade is not constrained to a radially fibered structure. In such a design, the blade shape could be freely modified to better control blade loading and secondary flows. This study investigated the viability of such 3D blading through optimization of a state of the art mixed flow turbine. An equivalent design was ensured by maintaining the meridional shape and operating conditions of the baseline (BL) wheel, thus facilitating a fair comparison between the radial and 3D wheels. The paper details the optimization including an innovative constraint-driven geometry modification tool, experimental validation of performance predictions, and an investigation into why 3D blading facilitated a performance improvement. The optimization process identified a performance improvement across the entire turbocharger operating line. With performance improvements facilitated through a reduction in tip leakage loss and improved pressure recovery within the conical diffuser. Importantly, the optimized design met targets for mass flow, maximum stress levels, and modal behavior, through the use of the novel geometry modification process.
Finite Element Analysis of the Load Factor and New Design Method for Bolted Joints Consisting of Dissimilar Hollow Cylinders Under Tensile Loads
Authors: Sawa Shunichiro , Sekiguchi Yasuhisa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In designing a bolted joint consisting of dissimilar hollow cylinders, the load factor (the ratio of an increment in axial bolt force to an external tensile load) is important. However, no researches on the characteristics of bolted joints consisting of dissimilar joint members have been conducted. In this paper, the effects of load application positions, the ratio b/a of the outside diameter to the inside diameter of dissimilar hollow cylinders, Young's modulus ratio between the dissimilar hollow cylinders on the load factor, and a load when the interface separation starts are examined using finite element method (FEM) calculations. As a result, it is found that the values of the load factor decrease as the ratio b/a increases, and the load application position approaches the interfaces, while the value of the load factor is independent of the bolt preload. For verification of the FEM calculations, experiments to measure the load factor and a load when the interfaces start to separate were carried out. The FEM results are fairly coincident with the experimental results. It is found that the value of the load factor is less than 0.15 for steel and aluminum joints, it is less than 0.1 for steel and steel joints, and it is less than 0.2 for aluminum and aluminum joints, where the bolt material is steel in this study. Finally, using the obtained load factor, a new design method for bolted joints with dissimilar hollow cylinders is demonstrated for determining the nominal diameter of bolt, the bolt strength grade, a target tightening torque, and a target bolt preload. Additionally, in the design procedure, an issue if a washer should be inserted or not inserted is discussed as well as determination of bolt preload.
Design and Evaluation of Lab-Scale, Heat Exchanger Prototypes to Provide Thermal Refugia for Trout
Authors: Rony Rajib Uddin , Gladen Adam C. , LaVallie Sarah , Kientz Jeremy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent years, some streams and fisheries have been experiencing higher surface water temperatures, which negatively impact cold-water trout species. One potential solution is to provide localized refugia of colder water produced via active cooling. The present work focuses on the design and testing of a small-scale prototype heat exchanger, for such a cooling system. An effectiveness-number of transfer units (NTU) approach was used to model the heat exchanger and guide the initial development of the prototypes. Based on the model, a staggered, tube-bundle heat exchanger was used. Various prototypes of the heat exchanger were tested in a 1/10th–scaled model of a section of the creek. The prototypes consisted of just the heat exchanger placed directly in the scaled-stream model and of the heat exchanger placed inside an enclosure with a downstream aperture. The results show that, without the enclosure, the average temperature difference is 0.64 °C, with a corresponding heat transfer requirement of 1.63 kW/°C of cooling. However, with an enclosure, the average temperature difference is 1.95 °C, which required 0.59 kW/°C of cooling. Modifications to the enclosure impact the average temperature difference and the temperature distribution within the enclosure, e.g., decrease the standard deviation of the temperature difference. Thus, the results demonstrate the need for an enclosure to achieve a meaningful cooling effect and to reduce the power requirement for the refugia. The enclosure design can be used to balance the requirements of obtaining the desired temperature difference with a relatively low spatial variation in that temperature difference.
Optimization of Energy Efficiency in Smart Manufacturing Through the Application of Cyber–Physical Systems and Industry 4.0 Technologies
Authors: Matsunaga Fernando , Zytkowski Vitor , Valle Pablo , Deschamps Fernando 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sustainability is a topic that has been addressed and enhanced with significant improvement opportunities by the fourth industrial revolution, which is an essential strategy in the medium- and long-term for industries to adapt to an urgent necessity from society: for competitive and sustainable manufacturing of goods. In that regard, energy efficiency is one of the key aspects for industries that want to achieve a sustainable and carbon neutral production process. This paper approaches how the application of technologies and methodologies can substantially improve processes overall efficiency in terms of energy consumption. This paper is divided in a three-step research, starting with: a systematic review to identify how smart manufacturing and cyber–physical systems are leveraging results in manufacturing energy efficiency; followed by experiments to make real-time monitoring and simulation of industrial energy consumption to optimize processes and reduce energy waste, and as a third and final step results are discussed showing gains in production planning and potential saving opportunities in manufacturing energy consumption and costs.
Analysis of a Novel Nasoenteral Tube Design
Authors: Kirn David S. , Whitman William L. , Hisel Richard D. , Price James 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tube patency is essential for patients who receive enteral nutrition via a small-bore nasoenteral feeding tube. Formation of a clog within these tubes interrupts and delays delivery of nutrition. Unfortunately, current tubes are prone to clogging. A small-bore nasoenteral feeding tube design is proposed with a gradually increasing diameter over its length, which could mitigate clog issues. Small-bore feeding tubes that increase in diameter over their length were evaluated relative to constant diameter tubes to determine if a tapered tube design could reduce the pressure required to clear an established clog in benchtop testing at pressures representative of those achieved safely in the clinical environment. Incorporating a tapered design into an 8 Fr nasal feeding tube significantly reduced the pressure to expel an established clog by 62% (p &lt; 0.05; 279.2 kPa versus 710.8 kPa, respectively). When compared to constant diameter tubes with the same proximal outside diameter, a tapered tube design permits clearance of an established clog at lower pressure.
Static Analysis and Health Monitoring of Pipelines in Nuclear Power Plants With Noise Consideration
Authors: Datta Dhrubajyoti 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study proposes a numerical methodology for the assessment of physical parameters which are critical to damage detection and structural health monitoring of pipelines propagating fluids under high temperatures. The thermal gradient of the fluid, self-weight of the piping system, and the pressure exerted on the pipe walls are taken into consideration for static analysis. The displacement, stresses, and strains are computed for the imposed loads. The boundary conditions for a pipeline element are assigned through translational and rotational springs whose stiffnesses are unknown. The expression for the boundary stiffnesses is derived by coupling the internal pressure due to fluid flow with thermal loading and weight. The dependent and independent parameters for deciphering the degradation of the pipe element are identified to minimize instrumentation for health monitoring. The primary aspects of damage being investigated are wall thinning due to corrosion resulting in stiffness degradation. In practical scenarios, it has been observed that excessive instrumentation of a structural component for health monitoring might result in measurement noise. Hence, artificial noise is introduced to the measurement stresses and strains in a Gaussian distribution form, which is corrected through a numerical algorithm.
Cultivated human intestinal fungusCandida metapsilosisM2006B attenuates colitis by secreting acyclic sesquiterpenoids as FXR agonists
Authors: Huo Xiaokui , Li Dawei , Wu Fan , Li Shenghui , Qiao Yanling , Wang Chao , Wang Yan , Zhou Changjiang , Sun Liqun , Luan Zhilin , Yan Qiulong , Wang Jiayue , Zhang Yu , Zhao Ting , An Yue , Zhang Baojing , Tian Xiangge , Yu Zhenlong , Ma Xiaochi 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveDysbiosis of the intestinal fungal community has been observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, its potential role in IBD development and prevention remains unclear. Here, we explored the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of intestinal fungi isolated from human faeces on colitis in mice.DesignIntestinal fungal strains with differential abundance in IBD were cultivated in human faeces and their effects on various mouse models of experimental colitis were evaluated. In addition, the bioactive metabolites secreted by the target fungus were accurately identified and their pharmacological effects and potential molecular targets were investigated in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe abundance ofCandidaspp was significantly higher in patients with IBD. After large-scale human intestinal fungal cultivation and functional analysis,Candida metapsilosisM2006B significantly attenuated various models of experimental colitis in wild-type, antibiotic-treated, germ-free, andIL10-/-mice by activating farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Among the seven acyclic sesquiterpenoids (F1–F7) identified as major secondary metabolites of M2006B, F4 and F5 attenuated colitis in mice by acting as novel FXR agonists. The therapeutic effects of M2006B and its metabolites on colitis via specific FXR activation were confirmed inFxr-/-mice.ConclusionThis study revealed thatC. metapsilosisM2006B significantly attenuated colitis in mice and identified two acyclic sesquiterpenoids (F4 and F5) as major active metabolites of M2006B. Notably, these metabolites were able to effectively treat experimental colitis by selectively activating FXR. Together, this study demonstrates that M2006B could be a beneficial intestinal fungus for treating and preventing IBD.
Miscommunication about the US federal Tobacco 21 law: a content analysis of Twitter discussions
Authors: Dobbs Page D , Schisler Eric , Colditz Jason B , Primack Brian A 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTobacco 21 is a law that sets the minimum legal sales age of tobacco products to 21. On 20 December 2019, the USA passed a federal Tobacco 21 law. The objective of this study is to explore Twitter discussions about the federal Tobacco 21 law in the USA leading up to enacted.MethodsTwitter messages about Tobacco 21 posted between September and December 2019 were collected via RITHM software. A 2% sample of all collected tweets were double coded by independent coders using a content analysis approach.ResultsFindings included three content categories of tweets (news, youth and young adults and methods of avoiding the law) with eight subcodes. Most news tweets incorrectly described the law as a purchase law (54.7%). However, Tobacco 21 is in fact a sales law—it only includes penalties for tobacco retailers who sell to under-age purchasers. About one-fourth (27%) of the tweets involved youth and young adults, with some claiming the law would reduce youth smoking and others doubting its ability to limit youth access to tobacco products. Few tweets (2.5%) mentioned methods of circumventing the policy, such as having an older peer purchase tobacco.ConclusionsAs several countries explore raising their age of sale of tobacco laws to 21, they should couple policy enactment with clear and accurate communication about the law. Compliance agencies at all levels (eg, local, regional, national) can use social media to identify policy loopholes and support vulnerable populations throughout the policy implementation process.
Authentication of variable length messages in quantum key distribution
Authors: Bibak Khodakhast , Kapron Bruce M. , Srinivasan Venkatesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAuthentication plays a critical role in the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. We propose using Polynomial Hash and its variants for authentication of variable length messages in QKD protocols. Since universal hashing is used not only for authentication in QKD but also in other steps in QKD like error correction and privacy amplification, and also in several other areas of quantum cryptography, Polynomial Hash and its variants as the most efficient universal hash function families can be used in these important steps and areas, as well. We introduce and analyze several efficient variants of Polynomial Hash and, using deep results from number theory, prove that each variant gives an ε-almost-Δ-universal family of hash functions. We also give a general method for transforming any such family to an ε-almost-strongly universal family of hash functions. The latter families can then, among other applications, be used in the Wegman–Carter MAC construction which has been shown to provide a universally composable authentication method in QKD protocols. As Polynomial Hash has found many applications, our constructions and results are potentially of interest in various areas.