bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low mental health literacy and its association with depression, anxiety and poor sleep quality in Chinese elderly
Authors: Ding Kai‐Rong , Wang Shi‐Bin , Xu Wen‐Qi , Lin Li‐Hua , Liao Dan‐Dan , Chen Hong‐Bei , Tan Wen‐Yan , Huang Jia‐Hao , Hou Cai‐Lan , Jia Fu‐Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMental health literacy (MHL) is rarely reported in the Chinese elderly. This study explored the pattern of MHL in the Chinese elderly in relation to depression, anxiety and poor sleep quality.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among older adults in Guangzhou, south China. Participants were investigated face‐to‐face using the Chinese National Mental Health Literacy Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 item (PHQ‐9), the 7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Mental Health Literacy Scale contains three dimensions: mental health knowledge, mental health skills (such as social support, cognitive reappraisal and attentional distraction) and mental health awareness. Multivariate logistic regression was used for examining the association between MHL and mental health.ResultsA total of 506 older adults were recruited. The percentage of depression, anxiety, and poor sleep quality were 16.6%, 7.9% and 40.9%, respectively. MHL dimensions independently associated with depression included cognitive reappraisal (OR = 1.95, p < .001), attentional distraction (OR = 0.61, p = 0.044) and awareness (OR = 0.56, p = 0.027). MHL dimensions independently associated with anxiety symptoms included cognitive reappraisal (OR = 1.90, p = 0.011) and attentional distraction (OR = 0.44, p = 0.016). MHL dimensions independently associated with poor sleep quality included social support (OR = 0.75, p = 0.022), cognitive reappraisal (OR = 1.55, p = 0.003) and attentional distraction (OR = 0.65, p = 0.016).ConclusionGiven the low MHL and its association with poor mental health in the Chinese elderly, policymakers and health professionals should improve the older adults' MHL, which could be conducive to the prevention and control of their mental health problems.
Corporate social responsibility and market entry
Authors: Buccella Domenico , Wojna Michał 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIs the decision of firms to pursue social interest and promote social progress philanthropic or motivated by strategic reasons? Using a simple Spence–Dixit entry model game with homogeneous goods, this paper studies the possible anticompetitive effect of the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the form of “consumer friendliness” (i.e., firms’ attention to the welfare of consumers). It is shown that, when the market becomes contestable, the incumbent can select to adopt CSR to hamper to a greater extent the potential entrant, regardless of its choice to engage in CSR activities. In other words, CSR can become a strategic barrier to entry.
Employment to output elasticities and reforms towards flexicurity: Evidence from OECD countries
Authors: Görg Holger , Hornok Cecília , Montagna Catia , Onwordi George E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLabor market reforms in the direction of “flexicurity” have been widely endorsed as a means to increase an economy's ability to adjust to negative shocks while offering adequate social safety nets. This paper empirically examines how such reforms influence employment's responsiveness to output fluctuations (employment–output elasticity). To address this question, we employ a single equation error correction model with policy interactions on a panel of OECD countries, which also incorporates the period of the Great Recession, and distinguish between passive and active labor market policy types. Flexicurity is represented by three policy measures: unemployment benefit generosity, the flexibility of hiring and firing rules, and spending on active labor market policies. We find that the effects of any single policy change are shaped by the broader existing policy mix within which it takes place. A hypothetical flexicurity reform towards the policy mix of Denmark, a well‐known example of the flexicurity regime, is found to increase or leave unchanged countries' short‐run employment–output elasticities, depending on the initial policy mix. These results are robust to accounting for a large set of additional labor market institutions.
Fixed drug eruptions – the common and novel culprits since 2000
Authors: McClatchy Jessica , Yap Tami , Nirenberg Alexander , Scardamaglia Laura 
Published: October 2022

SummaryA fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a common cutaneous adverse drug reaction which occurs following administration of an offending drug. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the list of drugs causing FDE, with a focus on emerging drug culprits reported since the start of the century. Across published literature, triggers for FDE are widely varied. The most frequently implicated drugs include analgesics (nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] and paracetamol) and antibiotics. Co‐trimoxazole is perhaps the most well described single agent. Since the start of the century there have been over 200 drugs named in case reports on FDE. Newer, novel agents of note include cyclooxygenase‐2 specific inhibitors, fluconazole, and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. Other implicated drugs include vaccines, such as various SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines.Drugs incriminated in FDE vary based on the geographical region studied and prescribing patterns at a given time. Newer drugs continue to enter the market and are playing an increasing role in the field of FDE. Awareness of rarer culprits and emerging novel agents can help identify a trigger, allowing for prompt withdrawal of the causative agent, preventing recurrence.
Migration‐based simulations for Canadian trees show limited tracking of suitable climate under climate change
Authors: Boisvert‐Marsh Laura , Pedlar John H. , de Blois Sylvie , Le Squin Amael , Lawrence Kevin , McKenney Daniel W. , Williams Charlene , Aubin Isabelle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models typically project climatically suitable habitat for trees in eastern North America to shift hundreds of kilometres this century. We simulated potential migration, accounting for various traits that affect species' ability to track climatically suitable habitat.LocationEastern Canada, covering ~3.7 million km2.MethodsWe simulated migration‐constrained range shifts through 2100 using a hybrid approach combining projections of climatically suitable habitat based on two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5, RCP8.5) for three time periods and two species distribution modelling approaches with process‐based models parameterized using data related to dispersal ability and generation time. We developed a unique “migration kernel” that uses seed dispersal traits and observed migration velocities to obtain kernel shape and dispersal probabilities for each tree species. We then calculated lags between the migration‐constrained range limits obtained through simulations and limits of climatically suitable habitat.ResultsAll species demonstrated northward range shifts at the leading edge of their simulated distribution through 2100, but the magnitude and rate of that shift varied by species and time period. Climatically suitable habitat limits were found to be north of simulated distribution limits across both RCPs, with lags increasing through time. On average, simulated distribution that remained within climatically suitable habitat declined more under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5, with large areas of the rear edge of the simulated distribution becoming partially or completely climatically unsuitable for many species.Main conclusionsClimatically suitable habitat limits projected for 2100 far exceeded migration‐constrained range limits for all 10 tree species, particularly for temperate species. This study underlines the limited extent to which tree species will track climate change via natural migration. Integrating observed migration velocities, seed dispersal and generation time with SDM outputs allows for more realistic evaluations of tree migration ability under climate change and may help orient forest conservation and restoration efforts.
Modelling the spatial extent of post‐fire sedimentation threat to estimate the impacts of fire on waterways and aquatic species
Authors: Ward Michelle , Southwell Darren , Gallagher Rachael V. , Raadik Tarmo A. , Whiterod Nick S. , Lintermans Mark , Sheridan Gary , Nyman Petter , Suárez‐Castro Andrés F. , Marsh Jessica , Woinarski John , Legge Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimFires can severely impact aquatic fauna, especially when attributes of soil, topography, fire severity and post‐fire rainfall interact to cause substantial sedimentation. Such events can cause immediate mortality and longer‐term changes in food resources and habitat structure. Approaches for estimating fire impacts on terrestrial species (e.g. intersecting fire extent with species distributions) are inappropriate for aquatic species as sedimentation can carry well downstream of the fire extent, and occur long after fire. Here, we develop an approach for estimating the spatial extent of fire impacts for aquatic systems, across multiple catchments.LocationSouthern Australian bioregions affected by the fires in 2019–2020 that burned >10 million ha of temperate and subtropical forests.MethodsWe integrated an existing soil erosion model with fire severity mapping and rainfall data to estimate the spatial extent of post‐fire sedimentation threat in waterways and in basins and the potential exposure of aquatic species to this threat. We validated the model against field observations of sedimentation events after the 2019–20 fires.ResultsWhile fires overlapped with ~27,643 km of waterways, post‐fire sedimentation events potentially occurred across ~40,449 km. In total, 55% (n = 85) of 154 basins in the study region may have experienced substantial post‐fire sedimentation. Ten species—including six Critically Endangered—were threatened by post‐fire sedimentation events across 100% of their range. The model increased the estimates for potential impact, compared to considering fire extent alone, for >80% of aquatic species. Some species had distributions that did not overlap with the fire extent, but that were entirely exposed to post‐fire sedimentation threat.ConclusionsCompared with estimating the overlap of fire extent with species' ranges, our model improves estimates of fire‐related threats to aquatic fauna by capturing the complexities of fire impacts on hydrological systems. The model provides a method for quickly estimating post‐fire sedimentation threat after future fires in any fire‐prone region, thus potentially improving conservation assessments and informing emergency management interventions.
UCMSCs‐derived exosomal circHIPK3 promotes ulcer wound angiogenesis of diabetes mellitus via miR‐20b‐5p/Nrf2/VEGFA axis
Authors: Liang Zun‐Hong , Lin Shi‐Shuai , Pan Nan‐Fang , Zhong Guo‐Yu , Qiu Zhi‐Yang , Kuang Shao‐Jia , Lin Zhi‐Hu , Zhang Zhi , Pan Yun‐Chuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsExperiments confirmed that circular RNAs contributed to the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). CircHIPK3 was upregulated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its role in DFU remained unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the regulatory functions of exosomal circHIPK3 and its potential mechanisms in DFU.MethodsExosomal size and distribution, marker proteins, and circHIPK3 levels were evaluated by transmission electron microscope, ExoView R200, western blot, and qRT‐PCR. Flow cytometry, MTT, Wound healing assays, and tube formation assays were used to assess the roles of exosomal circHIPK3 in high glucose (HG)‐treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The relationships between Nrf2/VEGFA/circHIPK3 and miR‐20b‐5p, and between Nrf2 and VEGFA were determined by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. We used cell and mice models to investigate the mechanisms of exosomal circHIPK3 under diabetic conditions.ResultsCircHIPK3 was significantly upregulated in exo‐circHIPK3 rather than exo‐vector. Exo‐circHIPK3 remarkably inhibited cell apoptosis but promoted cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in HG‐treated HUVECs. Luciferase reporter and RIP assays showed that miR‐20b‐5p targeted and inhibited Nrf2 and VEGFA, and circHIPK3 acted as a ceRNA of miR‐20b‐5p to inhibit the binding to its downstream genes Nrf2 and VEGFA. Mechanistically, circHIPK3 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis via downregulating miR‐20b‐5p to upregulate Nrf2 and VEGFA. However, the overexpressed miR‐20b‐5p could abolish the promoting effects of circHIPK3 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation under HG conditions.ConclusionUCMSCs‐derived exosomal circHIPK3 protected HG‐treated HUVECs via miR‐20b‐5p/Nrf2/VEGFA axis. The exosomal circHIPK3 might be a therapeutic candidate to treat DFU.
Diabetes and climate change
Authors: Al‐Shihabi Fatima , Moore Anna , Chowdhury Tahseen A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is widely accepted that climate change is the biggest threat to human health. The pandemic of diabetes is also a major threat to human health, especially in rapidly developing nations. Climate change and diabetes appear to have common global vectors, including increased urbanisation, increased use of transportation, and production and ingestion of ultra‐processed foods. People with diabetes appear to be at higher risk of threats to health from climate change, including effects from extreme heat or extreme cold, and natural disasters. Solutions to climate change offer some benefits for the prevention of diabetes and diabetes‐related complications. Moving towards lower carbon economies is likely to help reduce reliance on intensive agriculture, reduce physical inactivity, reduce air pollution and enhance quality of life. It may enable a reduction in the prevalence of diabetes and reduced morbidity from the condition.
Assessing patient attitudes toward genetic testing for hereditary hematologic malignancy
Authors: Johnson Addison Q. , Bannon Sarah A. , Farach Laura S. , Hyde Samuel M. , Hashmi S. Shahrukh , Wagner Chelsea , DiNardo Courtney D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince 2003, more than 15 genes have been identified to predispose to hereditary hematologic malignancy (HHM). Although the yield of germline analysis for leukemia appears like that of solid tumors, genetic referrals in adults with leukemia remain underperformed. We assessed leukemia patients' attitudes toward genetic testing and leukemia‐related distress through a survey of 1093 patients diagnosed with acute or chronic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or aplastic anemia. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze patient attitudes. Distress was measured through the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R). Exactly 19.8% of eligible respondents completed the survey. The majority reported interest in (77%) or choosing to have (78%) genetic testing for HHM. Slightly over half identified worry about cost of genetic testing (58%) or health insurance coverage (61%) as possible barriers. PCA identified relevant themes of interest in genetic testing, impact on leukemia treatment, discrimination and confidentiality, psychosocial and familial impacts, and cost of testing. The majority reported low distress. Leukemia patients report high interest in genetic testing, few barriers, and relatively low distress.
Stability of patch‐turnover relationships under equilibrium and nonequilibrium metapopulation dynamics driven by biogeography
Authors: Beissinger Steven R. , Peterson Sean M. , Hall Laurie A. , Van Schmidt Nathan , Tecklin Jerry , Risk Benjamin B. , Richmond Orien M. , Kovach Tony J. , Kilpatrick A. Marm 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTwo controversial tenets of metapopulation biology are whether patch quality and the surrounding matrix are more important to turnover (colonisation and extinction) than biogeography (patch area and isolation) and whether factors governing turnover during equilibrium also dominate nonequilibrium dynamics. We tested both tenets using 18 years of surveys for two secretive wetland birds, black and Virginia rails, during (1) a period of equilibrium with stable occupancy and (2) after drought and arrival of West Nile Virus (WNV), which resulted in WNV infections in rails, increased extinction and decreased colonisation probabilities modified by WNV, nonequilibrium dynamics for both species and occupancy decline for black rails. Area (primarily) and isolation (secondarily) drove turnover during both stable and unstable metapopulation dynamics, greatly exceeding the effects of patch quality and matrix conditions. Moreover, slopes between turnover and patch characteristics changed little between equilibrium and nonequilibrium, confirming the overriding influences of biogeographic factors on turnover.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of superficial siderosis in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Häni Levin , Fung Christian , Jesse Christopher Marvin , Schild Christof , Piechowiak Eike Immo , Dobrocky Tomas , Raabe Andreas , Beck Jürgen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeSpontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an important etiology of infratentorial superficial siderosis (iSS) of the central nervous system. However, the prevalence of iSS amongst patients with SIH is unknown and the imaging findings of iSS might represent a late stage of disease. The aim was to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of iSS in patients with SIH.MethodsConsecutive patients evaluated for SIH at our institution between May 2017 and January 2019 were included. Lumbar CSF samples were analyzed for the presence of ferritin and bilirubin. Magnetic resonance imaging was assessed for the presence of iSS.ResultsTwenty‐four patients with SIH were included. CSF samples were positive for bilirubin in 2/19 (10.5%). CSF ferritin was elevated in 7/23 (30.4%). Signs of iSS on imaging were present in four patients (16.7%). All patients with imaging signs of iSS demonstrated elevated CSF ferritin. Ferritin level was significantly higher amongst patients demonstrating iSS compared to those without (median 45.0 vs. 11.0 μg/l; p = 0.003). Symptom duration was longer in patients with iSS than in patients without iSS (median 40 months vs. 9 months, p = 0.018).ConclusionCerebrospinal fluid alterations indicative of iSS are prevalent amongst patients with SIH. It is speculated that a preclinical phase without symptoms or imaging signs but during which elevated biomarkers of the disease are apparent from CSF analysis might exist. It is suggested that measurement of CSF ferritin is incorporated in the work‐up of patients with SIH to identify those at risk of developing iSS.
Association of cholesterol level with dopamine loss and motor deficits in Parkinson disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jeong Seong Ho , Lee Hye Sun , Chung Seok Jong , Yoo Han Soo , Jung Jin Ho , Baik Kyoungwon , Baik Jong Sam , Sohn Young H. , Lee Phil Hyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeCholesterol is vital in neuronal function; however, the influence of cholesterol levels on parkinsonism is unclear. This study investigated the relationship between baseline total cholesterol (TC) levels, dopamine loss, and motor symptoms in drug‐naïve Parkinson disease (PD).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study enrolled 447 drug‐naïve patients with PD who underwent dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging. Multivariate linear regression was used to investigate the effect of cholesterol levels on Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS‐III) total score and each subscore after adjusting for the covariates. An interaction analysis was performed to examine the interaction between TC levels and statin use on the UPDRS‐III scores.ResultsNo significant correlation was found between TC levels and DAT availability after adjusting for potential confounders. Multivariate linear regression showed that TC levels were significantly and negatively associated with the UPDRS‐III total score (β = −0.116, p = 0.013) and bradykinesia subscore (β = −0.145, p = 0.011). Dichotomized analysis according to TC levels showed that TC levels were significantly associated with UPDRS‐III total score, and rigidity, bradykinesia, and axial subscores only in the low TC group. There was an interaction effect between TC levels and statin use for the axial subscores (β = −0.523, p = 0.025). Subgroup analysis showed that TC levels were significantly and negatively associated with the axial subscore in statin users; however, no association was found in statin nonusers.ConclusionsThis study suggests that TC levels affect parkinsonian motor symptoms, especially in subjects with low cholesterol status, whereas the severity of axial motor symptoms is negatively associated with TC levels only in statin users.
Sneaky copulations by subordinate males suggest direct fitness benefits from male–male associations in spotted bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchus maculatus)
Authors: Spezie Giovanni , Fusani Leonida 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMale spotted bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchus maculatus) build and defend a structure of sticks and straw—the bower—decorated with colourful objects to attract mates during the breeding season. Specific non‐territorial, subordinate males are tolerated by resident males at bowers over multiple breeding seasons. Prior research showed that these male–male associations exhibit attributes of coalitionary behaviour and that subordinate males gain delayed benefits from associating with bower owners, namely future bower inheritance. Yet, it remained unclear whether subordinate males may additionally gain direct fitness benefits from attending established bowers. Here, we report on four separate instances of sneaky copulations (or attempts of copulating) by subordinate males at resident males' bowers. Multiple non‐resident males disrupted the ongoing copulations between the bower owner and a receptive female, and these events were followed by violent aggressive interactions. These observations shed new light on same‐sex social dynamics in spotted bowerbirds and support the hypothesis that subordinate males are sexually mature individuals that occasionally obtain access to females while attending established bowers. We discuss these findings in light of the literature on male courtship coalitions and agonistic behaviour in bowerbirds, and highlight further aspects of subordinate behaviour that require empirical investigation.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptional regulator Rv1019 is upregulated in hypoxia, and negatively regulates Rv3230c‐Rv3229c operon encoding enzymes in the oleic acid biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Pushparajan Akhil Raj , Edison Lekshmi K. , Ajay Kumar Ramakrishnan 
Published: October 2022

The main obstacle in eradicating tuberculosis is the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to remain dormant in the host, and then to get reactivated even years later under immunocompromised conditions. Transcriptional regulation in intracellular pathogens plays an important role in their adapting to the challenging environment inside the host cells. Previously, we demonstrated that Rv1019, a putative transcriptional regulator of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, is an autorepressor. We showed that Rv1019 is cotranscribed with Rv1020 (mfd) and Rv1021 (mazG) which encode DNA repair proteins and negatively regulates the expression of these genes. In the present study, we show that Rv1019 regulates the expression of the genes Rv3230c and Rv3229c (desA3) also which form a two‐gene operon in M. tuberculosis. Overexpression of Rv1019 in M. tuberculosis significantly downregulated the expression of these genes. Employing Wayne's hypoxia‐induced dormancy model of M. tuberculosis, we show that Rv1019 is upregulated three‐fold under hypoxia. Finally, by reporter assay, using Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model, we validate that Rv1019 is recruited to the promoter of Rv3230c‐Rv3229c during hypoxia, and negatively regulates this operon which is involved in the biosynthesis of oleic acid.