bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences on the development of imaginary worlds
Authors: Wolf Mark J. P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Dubourg and Baumard's paper takes a different, and fruitful, approach to the study of imaginary worlds than what is usually found in Media Studies, but omits certain circumstances and influences that shaped their history; this article argues that psychological or behavioral factors are not enough to explain the growth of imaginary worlds, even as they may be important influences.
It's not fiction if you believe it: How imaginary worlds are derived from imaginary realities
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Imaginary worlds are not a consequence of humans' exploratory tendencies as argued in the target article but a recent spinoff of a strong human tendency to create imaginary realities, that is, versions of how the world works that are fabricated (although we believe they are real) in order to allow us to believe we understand it and can control it.
All non-real worlds provide exploration: Evidence from developmental psychology
Authors: Norman Katherine E. , Goldstein Thalia R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
While Dubourg and Baumard argue that predisposition toward exploration draws us to fictional environments, they fail to answer their titular question: “Why Imaginary Worlds?” Research in pretend play, psychological distancing, and theatre shows that being “imaginary” (i.e., any type of unreal, rather than only fantastically unreal) makes exploration of any fictional world profoundly different than that of real-life unfamiliar environments.
The familiar appeal of imaginary worlds
Authors: Shtulman Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Imaginary worlds may satisfy our need to explore, but it's an open question what we are searching for. Research on imagination suggests that if we are searching for something extraordinary – something that violates our intuitions about real-world causality – then we seek it in small doses and in contexts that ultimately confirm our intuitions. Imaginary worlds allow for true novelty, but we may actually prefer ideas that are novel on their surface but familiar at their core.
Imaginary worlds are attractive because they simulate multiple adaptive problems and encode real-world information
Authors: Sugiyama Lawrence 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrganisms don't explore for exploration's sake: exploratory psychology is regulated by inputs from multiple adaptations dedicated to processing information from different domains of ancestral adaptive relevance. As holistic representations of environments, imaginary worlds simulate multiple adaptive problems, solutions, and outcomes, thereby engaging numerous emotional systems and providing potentially useful information. Their popularity is thus best understood in terms of the full spectrum of information domains they comprise.
One Health Requires a Theory of Agency
Authors: Capps Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne health suggests that human and animal health are comparable, but in practice, the concept aligns with the principles of public health ethics. One health ethics, as such, appears to eschew connotations of equality for the natural world. A theory of agency revises that anthropocentric assumption. This article begins with a critique of environmental dualism: the idea that human culture and nature are separate social realms, thus justifying public health as a (unifying) purpose. In response, this article argues that, first, a neuroethics of one health might equally regard humans and (some) animals, which have comparable mental states, as rational agents. Second, rational agency should ground our moral connections to nature in terms of the egalitarian interests we have (as coinhabitants) in the health of the planet. While this article makes a moderate case for interspecific rights (as the first argument asserts), neuroscience is unlikely for now to change how most public institutions regard nonhuman animals in practice. However, the second argument asserts that rational agency is also grounds for philosophical environmentalism. One health ethics, therefore, is a theory of equality and connects culture to nature, and, as such, is a separate, but coextensive approach to that of public health.
Biomarkers in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Glannon Walter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCentral and peripheral biomarkers can be used to diagnose, treat, and potentially prevent major psychiatric disorders. But there is uncertainty about the role of these biological signatures in neural pathophysiology, and their clinical significance has yet to be firmly established. Psychomotor, cognitive, affective, and volitional impairment in these disorders results from the interaction between neural, immune, endocrine, and enteric systems, which in turn are influenced by a person’s interaction with the environment. Biomarkers may be a critical component of this process. The identification and interpretation of biomarkers also raise ethical and social questions. This article analyzes and discusses these aspects of biomarkers and how advances in biomarker research could contribute to personalized psychiatry that could prevent or mitigate the effects of these disorders.
Association between vaccination and preventive routines on COVID-19-related mortality in nursing home facilities: a population-based systematic retrospective chart review
Authors: Nilsson Lena , Andersson Christer , Kastbom Lisa , Sjödahl Rune 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background:
Older and frail individuals are at high risk of dying from COVID-19, and residents in nursing homes (NHs) are overrepresented in death rates. We explored four different periods during the COVID-19 pandemic to analyze the effects of improved preventive routines and vaccinations, respectively, on mortality in NHs.

Methods:
We undertook a population-based systematic retrospective chart review comprising 136 NH facilities in southeast Sweden. All residents, among these facilities, who died within 30 days after a laboratory-verified COVID-19 diagnosis during four separate 92-day periods representing early pandemic (second quarter 2020), middle of the pandemic (fourth quarter 2020), early post-vaccination phase (first quarter 2021), and the following post-vaccination phase (second quarter 2021). Mortality together with electronic chart data on demographic variables, comorbidity, frailty, and cause of death was collected.

Results:
The number of deaths during the four periods was 104, 120, 34 and 4, respectively, with a significant reduction in the two post-vaccination periods (P < 0.001). COVID-19 was assessed as the dominant cause of death in 20 (19%), 19 (16%), 4 (12%) and 1 (3%) residents in each period (P < 0.01). The respective median age in the four studied periods varied between 87and 89 years, and three or more diagnoses besides COVID-19 were present in 70–90% of the respective periods’ study population. Considerable or severe frailty was found in all residents.

Conclusions:
Vaccination against COVID-19 seems associated with a reduced number of deaths in NHs. We could not demonstrate an effect on mortality merely from the protective routines that were undertaken.
Organic Carbon Burial With Reactive Iron Across Global Environments
Authors: Longman Jack , Faust Johan C. , Bryce Casey , Homoky William B. , März Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPreservation of organic carbon (OC) in marine and terrestrial deposits is enhanced by bonding with reactive iron (FeR). Association of OC with FeR (OC‐FeR) provides physical protection and hinders microbiological degradation. Roughly 20% of all OC stored in unconsolidated marine sediments and 40% of all OC present in Quaternary terrestrial deposits is preserved as OC‐FeR, but this value varies from 10% to 80% across global depositional environments. Here, we provide a new assessment of global OC‐FeR burial rates in both marine and terrestrial environments, using published estimates of OC associated with FeR, carbon burial, and probabilistic modeling. We estimate the marine OC‐FeR sink between 31 and 70 Mt C yr−1 (average 52 Mt C yr−1), and the terrestrial OC‐FeR sink at between 146 and 917 Mt C yr−1 (average 446 Mt C yr−1). In marine environments, continental shelves (average 17 Mt C yr−1) and deltaic/estuarine environments (average 11 Mg C yr−1) are the primary settings of OC‐FeR burial. On land, croplands (279 Mt C yr−1) and grasslands (121 Mt C yr−1) dominate the OC‐FeR burial budget. Changes in the Earth system through geological time impact the OC‐FeR pools, particularly in marine settings. For example, periods of intense explosive volcanism may lead to increased net OC‐FeR burial in marine sediments. Our work highlights the importance of OC‐FeR in marine carbon burial and demonstrates how OC‐FeR burial rates may be an order of magnitude greater in terrestrial environments, but here OC‐FeR stocks are most sensitive to the anthropogenic impacts of climatic change.
Novel non-stimulants rescue hyperactive phenotype in an adgrl3.1 mutant zebrafish model of ADHD
Authors: Sveinsdóttir Hildur Sóley , Christensen Christian , Þorsteinsson Haraldur , Lavalou Perrine , Parker Matthew O. , Shkumatava Alena , Norton William H. J. , Andriambeloson Emile , Wagner Stéphanie , Karlsson Karl Ægir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractADHD is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. The first-line therapeutic for ADHD, methylphenidate, can cause serious side effects including weight loss, insomnia, and hypertension. Therefore, the development of non-stimulant-based therapeutics has been prioritized. However, many of these also cause other effects, most notably somnolence. Here, we have used a uniquely powerful genetic model and unbiased drug screen to identify novel ADHD non-stimulant therapeutics. We first found thatadgrl3.1null (adgrl3.1−/−) zebrafish larvae showed a robust hyperactive phenotype. Although the hyperactivity was rescued by three ADHD non-stimulant therapeutics, all interfered significantly with sleep. Second, we used wild-type zebrafish larvae to characterize a simple behavioral phenotype generated by atomoxetine and screened the 1200 compound Prestwick Chemical Library® for a matching behavioral profile resulting in 67 hits. These hits were re-assayed in theadgrl3.1−/−. Using the previously identified non-stimulants as a positive control, we identified four compounds that matched the effect of atomoxetine: aceclofenac, amlodipine, doxazosin, and moxonidine. We additionally demonstrated cognitive effects of moxonidine in mice using a T-maze spontaneous alternation task. Moxonidine, has high affinity for imidazoline 1 receptors. We, therefore, assayed a pure imidazoline 1 agonist, LNP599, which generated an effect closely matching other non-stimulant ADHD therapeutics suggesting a role for this receptor system in ADHD. In summary, we introduce a genetic model of ADHD in zebrafish and identify five putative therapeutics. The findings offer a novel tool for understanding the neural circuits of ADHD, suggest a novel mechanism for its etiology, and identify novel therapeutics.
Towards overcoming data scarcity in materials science: unifying models and datasets with a mixture of experts framework
Authors: Chang Rees , Wang Yu-Xiong , Ertekin Elif 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile machine learning has emerged in recent years as a useful tool for the rapid prediction of materials properties, generating sufficient data to reliably train models without overfitting is often impractical. Towards overcoming this limitation, we present a general framework for leveraging complementary information across different models and datasets for accurate prediction of data-scarce materials properties. Our approach, based on a machine learning paradigm called mixture of experts, outperforms pairwise transfer learning on 14 of 19 materials property regression tasks, performing comparably on four of the remaining five. The approach is interpretable, model-agnostic, and scalable to combining an arbitrary number of pre-trained models and datasets to any downstream property prediction task. We anticipate the performance of our framework will further improve as better model architectures, new pre-training tasks, and larger materials datasets are developed by the community.
Long-range current-induced spin accumulation in chiral crystals
Authors: Roy Arunesh , Cerasoli Frank T. , Jayaraj Anooja , Tenzin Karma , Nardelli Marco Buongiorno , Sławińska Jagoda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChiral materials, similarly to human hands, have distinguishable right-handed and left-handed enantiomers which may behave differently in response to external stimuli. Here, we use for the first time an approach based on the density functional theory (DFT)+PAOFLOW calculations to quantitatively estimate the so-called collinear Rashba–Edelstein effect (REE) that generates spin accumulation parallel to charge current and can manifest as chirality-dependent charge-to-spin conversion in chiral crystals. Importantly, we reveal that the spin accumulation induced in the bulk by an electric current is intrinsically protected by the quasi-persistent spin helix arising from the crystal symmetries present in chiral systems with the Weyl spin–orbit coupling. In contrast to conventional REE, spin transport can be preserved over large distances, in agreement with the recent observations for some chiral materials. This allows, for example, the generation of spin currents from spin accumulation, opening novel routes for the design of solid-state spintronics devices.
Multidimensional Bose quantum error correction based on neural network decoder
Authors: Wang Haowen , Xue Yunjia , Qu Yingjie , Mu Xiaoyi , Ma Hongyang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBoson quantum error correction is an important means to realize quantum error correction information processing. In this paper, we consider the connection of a single-mode Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code with a two-dimensional (2D) surface (surface-GKP code) on a triangular quadrilateral lattice. On the one hand, we use a Steane-type scheme with maximum likelihood estimation for surface-GKP code error correction. On the other hand, the minimum-weight perfect matching (MWPM) algorithm is used to decode surface-GKP codes. In the case where only the data GKP qubits are noisy, the threshold reaches σ ≈ 0.5 ($$\bar{p}\approx 12.3 \%$$

p

¯

≈
12.3
%

). If the measurement is also noisy, the threshold is reached σ ≈ 0.25 ($$\bar{p}\approx 10.02 \%$$

p

¯

≈
10.02
%

). More importantly, we introduce a neural network decoder. When the measurements in GKP error correction are noise-free, the threshold reaches σ ≈ 0.78 ($$\bar{p}\approx 15.12 \%$$

p

¯

≈
15.12
%

). The threshold reaches σ ≈ 0.34 ($$\bar{p}\approx 11.37 \%$$

p

¯

≈
11.37
%

) when all measurements are noisy. Through the above optimization method, multi-party quantum error correction will achieve a better guarantee effect in fault-tolerant quantum computing.
High-resolution estimates of social distancing feasibility, mapped for urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Chamberlain Heather R. , Lazar Attila N. , Tatem Andrew J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSocial distancing has been widely-implemented as a public health measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite widespread application of social distancing guidance, the feasibility of people adhering to such guidance varies in different settings, influenced by population density, the built environment and a range of socio-economic factors. Social distancing constraints however have only been identified and mapped for limited areas. Here, we present an ease of social distancing index, integrating metrics on urban form and population density derived from new multi-country building footprint datasets and gridded population estimates. The index dataset provides estimates of social distancing feasibility, mapped at high-resolution for urban areas across 50 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
A probability prediction method for the classification of surrounding rock quality of tunnels with incomplete data using Bayesian networks
Authors: Ma Junjie , Li Tianbin , Li Xiang , Zhou Shuanglong , Ma Chunchi , Wei Daqiang , Dai Kunkun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe classification of surrounding rock quality is critical for the dynamic construction and design of tunnels. However, obtaining complete parameters for predicting the surrounding rock grades is always challenging in complex tunnel geological environment. In this study, a new method based on Bayesian networks is proposed to predict the probability for the classification of surrounding rock quality of tunnel with incomplete data. A database is collected with 286 cases in 10 tunnels, involving nine parameters: rock hardness, weathering degree, rock mass integrity, rock mass structure, structural plane integrity, in-situ stress, groundwater, rock basic quality, and surrounding rock level. Moreover, the Bayesian network structure is built using the collected database and quantitatively verified by strength analysis. Then, the accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are utilized for model evaluation. The average values of accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, and area under the curve (AUC) are approximately 89.2%, 91%, 92%, 91%, and 0.98, respectively. These results indicate that the established classification model has high accuracy, even with small sample size and imbalanced samples. Ten additional sets of tunnel cases (incomplete data) are also used for verification. The results reveal that compared with the traditional Q-system (Q) and rock mass rating (RMR) classification methods, the proposed classification model has the lowest error rate and is capable of using incomplete data to predict sample results. Finally, sensitivity analysis suggests that the rock hardness and rock mass integrity have the strongest impact on the quality of tunnel surrounding rock. Overall, the findings of this study can serve as a useful reference for future rock mass quality evaluation in tunnels, underground powerhouses, slopes, etc.
Co-aggregation of MSC/chondrocyte in a dynamic 3D culture elevates the therapeutic effect of secreted extracellular vesicles on osteoarthritis in a rat model
Authors: Esmaeili Abazar , Hosseini Samaneh , Kamali Amir , Hosseinzadeh Maryam , Shekari Faezeh , Baghaban Eslaminejad Mohamadreza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis (OA). Some recent strategies could elevate EV's therapeutic properties including cell aggregation, co-culture, and 3D culture. It seems that a combination of these strategies could augment EV production and therapeutic potential. The current study aims to evaluate the quantity of EV yield and the therapeutic effect of EVs harvested from rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) aggregates, chondrocyte aggregates, and their co-aggregates in a dynamic 3D culture in a rat osteoarthritis model. MSC and chondrocytes were aggregated and co-aggregated by spinner flasks, and their conditioned medium was collected. EVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography and characterized in terms of size, morphology and surface markers. The chondrogenic potential of the MSC-ag, Cho-ag and Co-ag EVs on MSC micromass differentiation in chondrogenic media were assessed by qRT-PCR, histological and immunohistochemical analysis. 50 μg of MSC-ag-EVs, Cho-ag-EVs and Co-ag-EVs was injected intra-articularly per knee of OA models established by monoiodoacetate in rats. After 8 weeks follow up, the knee joints were harvested and analyzed by radiographic, histological and immunohistochemical features. MSC/chondrocyte co-aggregation in comparison to MSC or chondrocyte aggregation could increase EV yield during dynamic 3D culture by spinner flasks. Although MSC-ag-, Cho-ag- and Co-ag-derived EVs could induce chondrogenesis similar to transforming growth factor-beta during in vitro study, Co-ag-EV could more effectively prevent OA progression than MSC-ag- and Cho-ag-EVs. Our study demonstrated that EVs harvested from the co-aggregation of MSCs and chondrocytes could be considered as a new therapeutic potential for OA treatment.
Partisanship and Covid-19 vaccination in the UK
Authors: Klymak Margaryta , Vlandas Tim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines the association between partisanship and vaccination in the UK. The lower vaccination rates among Republicans in the US have been linked to ideology and President Trump’s anti-vaccination rhetoric. By contrast, both ruling and opposition parties in the UK promoted the national vaccination program. Using two datasets at constituency and individual levels, we analyse whether there are partisan differences in uptake when vaccination garners cross-party support. Our findings contrast in important ways from the US case. First, the correlation between partisanship and vaccination is the opposite to that of the US: both Conservative constituencies and individuals are associated with higher vaccination rates than Labour across almost all age groups. Thus, right-leaning individuals do not necessarily vaccinate less, at least when their political party is in power and supportive of vaccination. Second, partisanship alone accounts for a large share of variation in vaccination rates, but this association appears largely driven by socio-economic and demographic differences: older and economically better off individuals and constituencies tend to be more vaccinated. Once these controls are included, the correlation between Conservative partisanship and vaccination shrinks substantially. Hence, the ideological source of the partisan gap in vaccination rates appears smaller than in the US.
Neuromuscular mechanisms of motor adaptation to repeated gait-slip perturbations in older adults
Authors: Wang Shuaijie , Pai Yi-Chung , Bhatt Tanvi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIndividuals can rapidly develop adaptive skills for fall prevention after their exposure to the repeated-slip paradigm. However, the changes in neuromuscular control contributing to such motor adaptation remain unclear. This study investigated changes in neuromuscular control across different stages of slip-adaptation by examining muscle synergies during slip training. Electromyography signals during 24 repeated slip trials in gait were collected for 30 healthy older adults. Muscle synergies in no-adaptation (novel slip), early-adaptation (slip 6 to 8), and late-adaptation trials (slip 22 to 24) were extracted. The similarity between the recruited muscle synergies in these different phases was subsequently analyzed. Results showed that participants made significant improvements in their balance outcomes from novel slips to adapted slips. Correspondingly, there was a significant increase in the muscle synergy numbers from no-adaptation slips to the adapted slips. The participants retained the majority of muscle synergies (5 out of 7) used in novel slips post adaptation. A few new patterns (n = 8) of muscle synergies presented in the early-adaptation stage to compensate for motor errors due to external perturbation. In the late-adaptation stage, only 2 out of these 8 new synergies were retained. Our findings indicated that the central nervous system could generate new muscle synergies through fractionating or modifying the pre-existing synergies in the early-adaptation phase, and these synergies produce motor strategies that could effectively assist in recovery from the slip perturbation. During the late-adaptation phase, the redundant synergies generated in the early-adaptation phase get eliminated as the adaptation process progresses with repeated exposure to the slips, which further consolidates the slip adaptation. Our findings improved the understanding of the key muscle synergies involved in preventing backward balance loss and how neuromuscular responses adapt through repeated slip training, which might be helpful to design synergy-based interventions for fall prevention.