bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of magnesium supplementation with treadmill exercise improves memory deficit in aged rats by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity: a functional and histological study
Authors: El-Domiaty Heba Fathy , El-Roghy Eman S. , Salem Heba Rady 
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to investigate the possible ameliorative effects of co-supplementation with Mg2+ and treadmill exercise on memory deficit in aged rats. Fifty male albino rats (10 young and 40 aged rats) were divided into 5 groups (10 rats/group): young, aged sedentary, aged exercised, aged Mg2+-supplemented, and aged exercised and Mg2+-supplemented. Memory was assessed using the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Plasma samples were collected for measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP). Subsequently, brain malondialdehyde and catalase levels were measured. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the hippocampi were performed. Our results showed impaired memory in aged sedentary rats, with significantly elevated plasma CRP and brain malondialdehyde levels and decreased brain catalase. The hippocampus of aged sedentary rats showed cellular degeneration, downregulation of synaptophysin (SYP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and caspase-3. Mg2+ supplementation and/or treadmill exercise significantly improved memory tests in aged rats, which could be explained by the upregulation of hippocampal SYP and PCNA expression and downregulation of GFAP and caspase-3 expression with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The combined therapy had a better effect than both treatments alone, confirming the role of Mg2+ supplementation with physical exercise in enhancing age-related memory deficit. Novelty: Magnesium supplementation with treadmill exercise improves memory deficit in aged rats. The possible mechanisms are upregulation of the hippocampal synaptophysin and PCNA, downregulation of GFAP and caspase-3, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
On some new analytical solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear electrical transmission line model
Authors: Ali Khalid K. , Mehanna M. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, from the field of communications in physics and engineering, we select the $$(2+1)$$

(
2
+
1
)

-dimensional nonlinear electrical transmission line equation to be studied. The model under study is one of the models that has important applications in the field of physics and telecommunications engineering. We acquire the soliton solutions by using two simple methods. We present some figures in two and three dimensions to show that these solutions actually have the properties of soliton waves.
Perfect codes and universal adjacency spectra of commuting graphs of finite groups
Authors: Banerjee Subarsha 
Published: February 2022

The commuting graph [Formula: see text] of a finite group [Formula: see text] has vertex set as [Formula: see text], and any two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] are adjacent if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] commute with each other. In this paper, we first study the perfect codes of [Formula: see text]. We then find the universal adjacency spectra of the join of two regular graphs, join of two regular graphs in which one graph is a union of two regular graphs, and generalized join of regular graphs in terms of adjacency spectra of the constituent graphs and an auxiliary matrix. As a consequence, we obtain the adjacency, Laplacian, signless Laplacian, and Seidel spectra of the above graph operations. As an application of the results obtained, we calculate the adjacency, Laplacian, signless Laplacian, and Seidel spectra of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the dihedral group, [Formula: see text] is the dicyclic group and [Formula: see text] is the semidihedral group. Moreover, we provide the exact value of the spectral radius of the adjacency, Laplacian, signless Laplacian, and Seidel matrix of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. Some of the theorems published in [F. Ali and Y. Li, The connectivity and the spectral radius of commuting graphs on certain finite groups, Linear Multilinear Algebra 69 (2019) 1–14; T. Cheng, M. Dehmer, F. Emmert-Streib, Y. Li and W. Liu, Properties of commuting graphs over semidihedral groups, Symmetry 13(1) (2021) 103] can be deduced as corollaries from the theorems obtained in this paper.
Design and Implementation of Shared Memory for Turbo and LDPC Code Interleaver
Authors: Huo Kejia , Hu Zhuhua , Liu Dake 
Published: February 2022

In 4G turbo and 5G LDPC, in order to realize a flexible, low-power, low-cost shared general-purpose block interleaving hardware module, it faces the challenges of interleaving structure integration, fewer gate circuits, parallel multistream operation, and switching between standards. Facing these challenges, after studying 3GPP TS 36.212 V15.4.0 and 3GPP TS 38.212 V15.4.0 protocols, common part of two major interleaving module standards is found. For the block interleave module in the rate matching of the 4G downlink turbo code and the bit interleave module after the rate matching of the 5G NR downlink LDPC code, this paper first designs a memory and implements the two codes interleaving on it. Then, based on the Altera Quartus prime platform and ModelSim for functional verification. Experimental results show that under SMIC 28 nm, operating frequency 50MHz, after synopsys synthesis, the memory module area is

0.17

μ

m

2

, and the power consumption is 6.45 mW. Through the shared design, 32 bits parallel access, and switching between standards, the proposed scheme reduces the hardware cost, power consumption, and clock overhead, and improves the flexibility of 4G LTE and 5G NR communication downlink hardware implementation.
Variations in Coronary Revascularization Practices and Their Effect on Long‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Rocha Rodolfo V. , Wang Xuesong , Fremes Stephen E. , Tam Derrick Y. , Ko Dennis T. , Džavík Vladimír , Hannan Edward L. , Austin Peter C. , Ouzounian Maral , Lee Douglas S. 
Published: February 2022

Background
The degree of hospital‐level variation in the ratio of percutaneous coronary interventions to coronary artery bypass grafting procedures (PCI:CABG) and the association of the PCI:CABG ratio with clinical outcome are unknown.

Methods and Results
In a multicenter population‐based study conducted in Ontario, Canada, we identified 44 288 patients from 19 institutions who had nonemergent diagnostic angiograms indicating severe multivessel coronary artery disease (2013–2017) and underwent a coronary revascularization procedure within 90 days. Hospitals were divided into tertiles according to their adjusted PCI:CABG ratio into low (0.70–0.85, n=17 487), medium (1.01–1.17, n=15 275), and high (1.18–1.29, n=11 526) ratio institutions. Compared with low PCI:CABG ratio hospitals, hazard ratios (HRs) for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were higher at medium (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14–1.25) and high ratio (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.15–1.27) hospitals during a median 3.3 (interquartile range 2.1–4.6) years follow‐up. When interventional cardiologists performed the diagnostic angiogram, the odds of the patient receiving PCI was higher (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.23–1.52) than when it was performed by noninterventional cardiologists, after accounting for patient characteristics. Having the diagnostic angiogram at an institution without cardiac surgical capabilities was independently associated with a higher risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11), death (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.18), and myocardial infarction (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03–1.17).

Conclusions
Patients undergoing diagnostic angiography in hospitals with higher PCI:CABG ratio had higher rates of adverse outcomes, including major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization. Presence of on‐site cardiac surgery was associated with better survival and lower major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.
Observational evidence of regional increasing hot extreme accelerated by surface energy partitioning
Authors: Wang Ren , Gentine Pierre , Li Longhui , Chen Jianyao , Ning Liang , Yuan Linwang , Lü Guonian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLand-atmosphere interactions play an important role in the changes of extreme climates, especially in hot spots of land-atmosphere coupling. One of the linkages in land-atmosphere interactions is the coupling between air temperature and surface energy fluxes associated with soil moisture variability, vegetation change, and human water/land management. However, existing studies on the coupling between hot extreme and surface energy fluxes are mainly based on the parameterized solution of climate model, which might not dynamically reflect all changes in the surface energy partitioning due to the effects of vegetation physiological control and human water/land management. In this study, for the first time, we used daily weather observations to identify hot spots where the daily hot extreme (i.e., the 99th percentile of maximum temperature, Tq99th) rises faster than local mean temperature (Tmean) during 1975–2017. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between the trends in temperature hot extreme relative to local average (ΔTq99th/ΔTmean) and the trends in evaporative fraction (ΔEF), i.e., the ratio of latent heat flux to surface available energy, using long-term latent and sensible heat fluxes which are informed by atmospheric boundary layer theory, machine learning, and ground-based observations of flux towers and weather stations. Hot spots of increase in ΔTq99th/ΔTmean are identified to be Europe, southwestern North America, Northeast Asia, and Southern Africa. The detected significant negative correlations between ΔEF and ΔTq99th/ΔTmean suggested that the hotspot regions are typically affected by annual/summer surface dryness. Our observation-driven findings have great implications in providing realistic observational evidences for the extreme climate change accelerated by surface energy partitioning.
Evaluating the Performance of Satellite-Based Precipitation Products Using Gauge Measurement and Hydrological Modeling: A Case Study in a Dry Basin of Northwest China
Authors: Liu Yi , Zheng Yuejun , Li Wenpeng , Zhou Tiantian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSatellite-based precipitation products are commonly evaluated using gauge measurement, yet their regional evaluation and hydrological applicability have not been sufficiently studied, especially for dry basins. In this study, we evaluated the performance of four state-of-the-art remotely sensed precipitation products (CMORPH, GSMaP, IMERG, and PERSIANN-CDR) and their ensemble products (the reliability ensemble averaging and three-cornered hat methods) over the Heihe River basin, northwest China. Both direct evaluation using gauge measurement during 2001–19 and indirect evaluation using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model during 2001–10 were conducted. Our results showed that 1) for point-to-pixel evaluation, GSMaP and IMERG products with high spatial resolution effectively captured the quantile distribution of gauge data; 2) compared to the spatially interpolated gauge data, all products underestimated the precipitation, among which GSMaP provided the closest interannual variability to the observations; 3) these products had better detection abilities upstream and during the rainy season, indicating that their performance was affected by the rain intensity—in particular, GSMaP exhibited the best ability; 4) the spatial patterns of individual products were inconsistent, while the ensemble products could reduce the bias with the gauge data; and 5) for hydrological modeling, streamflow simulation driven by GSMaP had the best performance, and the ensemble precipitation using the three-cornered hat method was better than that using the reliability ensemble averaging method. Collectively, these findings illustrated the reliability of GSMaP in representing the precipitation characteristics in similar arid areas and elucidated the advantages of using the three-cornered hat method.
Interannual Variations in Summer Extreme Precipitation Frequency over Northern Asia and Related Atmospheric Circulation Patterns
Authors: Hong Haixu , Sun Jianqi , Wang Huijun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the spatial–temporal variations in summer extreme precipitation event (EPE) frequency over northern Asia and related atmospheric circulations. The division analysis indicates that three subregions of western Siberia (WS), eastern Siberia (ES), and eastern Mongolia–northeastern China can be identified, and the EPE variations over WS and ES are focused on here. On an interannual time scale, higher EPE frequencies are related to a similar dipole pattern in the upper troposphere [anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) to the west (southeast) of these two subregions] and a local anomalous cyclone in the lower troposphere. The dipole pattern leads to anomalous air divergence in the upper troposphere and compensating ascending motion over the subregions; the local anomalous cyclone in the lower troposphere leads to water vapor convergence. These anomalous atmospheric circulations therefore provide favorable dynamic and moisture conditions for higher EPE frequencies. Further analysis indicates that the WS EPE frequency is influenced by the combination of polar–Eurasian (POL) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) patterns, while the ES EPE frequency is influenced by Scandinavian (SCAND) [British–Baikal Corridor (BBC)] pattern over 1987–2004 (2005–15). The alternate influence on the ES EPE frequency may result from the interdecadal change in the structure of SCAND and BBC patterns. In addition, the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) shows enhanced influence on ES EPE frequency after the late 1990s, which could be due to interdecadal strengthening and extending of the anomalous cyclone around Lake Baikal. This cyclone is concurrent with EASM, and its changes favor water vapor transported by EASM to ES after the late 1990s.
Characterization of Internal Tide Incoherence: Eulerian versus Lagrangian Perspectives
Authors: Caspar-Cohen Zoé , Ponte Aurélien , Lahaye Noé , Carton Xavier , Yu Xiaolong , Gentil Sylvie Le 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Lagrangian and Eulerian surface current signatures of a low-mode internal tide propagating through a turbulent balanced flow are compared in idealized numerical simulations. Lagrangian and Eulerian total (i.e., coherent plus incoherent) tidal amplitudes are found to be similar. Compared to Eulerian diagnostics, the Lagrangian tidal signal is more incoherent with comparable or smaller incoherence time scales and larger incoherent amplitudes. The larger level of incoherence in Lagrangian data is proposed to result from the deformation of an Eulerian internal tide signal induced by drifter displacements. Based on the latter hypothesis, a theoretical model successfully predicts Lagrangian autocovariances by relating Lagrangian and Eulerian autocovariances and the properties of the internal tides and jet. These results have implications for the separation of balanced flow and internal tides signals in the sea level data collected by the future Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission.
Assimilating Retrieved Water Vapor and Radar Data from NCAR S-PolKa: Performance and Validation Using Real Cases
Authors: Do Phuong-Nghi , Chung Kao-Shen , Lin Pay-Liam , Ke Ching-Yin , Ellis Scott M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the assimilation of the S- and Ka-band dual‐wavelength-retrieved water vapor data with radial wind and reflectivity data. The vertical profile of humidity, which provides environmental information before precipitation occurs, was obtained at low levels and thinned into averaged and four-quadrant profiles. Additionally, the following two strategies were examined: 1) assimilation of water vapor data with radar data for the entire 2 h and 2) assimilation of water vapor data in the first hour, and radial velocity and reflectivity data in the second hour. By using the WRF local ensemble transform Kalman filter data assimilation system, three real cases of the Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation experiment were examined through a series of experiments. The analysis results revealed that assimilating additional water vapor data more markedly improved the analysis at the convective scale than assimilating radial wind and reflectivity data alone. In addition, the strategy of assimilating only retrieved water vapor data in the first hour and radial wind and reflectivity data in the second hour achieved the optimal analysis and subsequent very short-term forecast. The evaluation of quantitative precipitation forecasting demonstrated that assimilating additional retrieved water vapor data distinctly improved the rain forecast compared with assimilating radar data only. When moisture data were assimilated, improved nowcasting could be extended up to 4 h. Furthermore, assimilating moisture profiles into four quadrants achieved more accurate analysis and forecast. Overall, our study demonstrated that the humidify information in nonprecipitation areas is critical for further improving the analysis and forecast of convective weather systems.
Using a Passive Back Exoskeleton During a Simulated Sorting Task: Influence on Muscle Activity, Posture, and Heart Rate
Authors: Bär Mona , Luger Tessy , Seibt Robert , Rieger Monika A. , Steinhilber Benjamin 
Published: February 2022

Objective To evaluate using a back exoskeleton in a simulated sorting task in a static forward bent trunk posture on muscle activity, posture, and heart rate (HR). Background Potentials of exoskeletons for reducing musculoskeletal demands in work tasks need to be clarified. Methods Thirty-six healthy males performed the sorting task in 40°-forward bent static trunk posture for 90 seconds, in three trunk orientations, with and without exoskeleton. Muscle activity of the erector spinae (ES), biceps femoris (BF), trapezius descendens (TD), rectus abdominis (RA), vastus laterals (VL), and gastrocnemius medialis was recorded using surface electromyography normalized to a submaximal or maximal reference electrical activity (%RVE (reference voluntary electrical activity)/%MVE). Spine and lower limb postures were assessed by gravimetric position sensors, and HR by electrocardiography. Results Using the exoskeleton resulted in decreased BF muscle activity [−8.12%RVE], and minor changes in ES [−1.29%MVE], RA [−0.28%RVE], VL [−0.49%RVE], and TD [+1.13%RVE] muscle activity. Hip and knee flexion increased [+8.1°; +6.7°]. Heart rate decreased by 2.1 bpm. Trunk orientation had an influence on BF muscle activity. Conclusion Using the back exoskeleton in a short sorting task with static trunk posture mainly reduced hip extensor muscle activity and changed lower limb but not spine posture. Implications of using a back exoskeleton for workers’ musculoskeletal health need further clarification. Application The detected changes by using the Laevo® illustrate the need for further investigation prior to practical recommendations of using exoskeletons in the field. Investigating various work scenarios in different kind of workers and long-term applications would be important elements.
Quality of Life and Functionality of Head and Neck Cancer Patients Are Diminished As a Function of Sarcopenia and Obesity
Authors: Martínez-Herrera Brenda-Eugenia , Trujillo-Hernández Benjamín , Sat-Muñoz Daniel , González-Barba Faviola , Cruz-corona Eduardo , Bayardo-López Luis Héctor , Solórzano-Meléndez Alejandro , Oñate-Zubdia David-Abdiel , Morán-Galavíz Ruben-Eduardo , Flores-Carlos Juan-Daniel , Dávalos-Cobián Carlos , Salazar-Páramo Mario , Nava-Zavala Arnulfo-Hernán , Gómez-Sánchez Eduardo , Balderas-Peña Luz-Ma-Adriana 
Published: February 2022

Background Health-related quality of life (QoL) is a measure that allows us to know the patient’s perception of well-being and how it is affected by their disease and treatments. In cancer patients, sarcopenia has been associated with low scores on various instruments used to assess the QoL; however, little information is available on the effects of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity on the QoL of patients with head and neck cancer (H&NC). Methods In this cross-sectional study with 71 H&NC patients aged between 40 and 80 years, we describe the scores on the instruments EORTC QLQ C-30 and EORTC QLQ-H&N35 according to the sarcopenia phenotype (NSG, nonsarcopenic group; SG, sarcopenic group; and SOG, sarcopenic obesity group), hand-grip strength, gait speed, total lymphocyte count, albumin, cholesterol and C-reactive protein, and the relationships between these variables. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity was 48% and 28%, respectively. The QoL analysis showed that NSG had higher scores on the physical functioning scale [NSG 93 (83–100); SG 73 (52–88); SOG 83 (53–93), P = .009] and lower scores on the fatigue scale [NSG 11 (0–22); S 39 (30–67); SOG 44 (14–56); P = .004]. The NSG had a higher hand-grip strength (31.1 kg) than SG (24.1 kg, P = .007) and SOG (26.3 kg, P = .001), and a lower C-reactive protein. The SG and SOG showed no differences between them. Conclusions Patients with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity have lower physical performance and a higher level of fatigue than nonsarcopenic patients. This loss of function can maintain or worsen sarcopenia due to the patient’s self-restraint in physical exertion that encourages an increase in muscle tissue.
Anticoagulation practices associated with bleeding and thrombosis in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; a multi-center secondary analysis
Authors: Bailly David K , Reeder Ron W , Muszynski Jennifer A , Meert Kathleen L , Ankola Ashish A , Alexander Peta MA , Pollack Murray M , Moler Frank W , Berg Robert A , Carcillo Joseph , Newth Christopher , Berger John , Bell Michael J , Dean J M , Nicholson Carol , Garcia-Filion Pamela , Wessel David , Heidemann Sabrina , Doctor Allan , Harrison Rick , Dalton Heidi , Zuppa Athena F 
Published: February 2022

To determine associations between anticoagulation practices and bleeding and thrombosis during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), we performed a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data which included 481 children (<19 years), between January 2012 and September 2014. The primary outcome was bleeding or thrombotic events. Bleeding events included a blood product transfusion >80 ml/kg on any day, pulmonary hemorrhage, or intracranial bleeding, Thrombotic events included pulmonary emboli, intracranial clot, limb ischemia, cardiac clot, and arterial cannula or entire circuit change. Bleeding occurred in 42% of patients. Five percent of subjects thrombosed, of which 89% also bled. Daily bleeding odds were independently associated with day prior activated clotting time (ACT) (OR 1.03, 95% CI= 1.00, 1.05, p=0.047) and fibrinogen levels (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84, 0.96, p <0.001). Thrombosis odds decreased with increased day prior heparin dose (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81, 0.97, p=0.006). Lower ACT values and increased fibrinogen levels may be considered to decrease the odds of bleeding. Use of this single measure, however, may not be sufficient alone to guide optimal anticoagulation practice during ECMO.