bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of mega‐voltage CT images for completed radiotherapy treatments for dogs and cats reveals uncommon but potentially consequential dose deviation in thoracic and abdominal tumors
Authors: Van Asselt N , Randhawa K , Kvasnica K , Ferris W , Christensen N 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs advanced delivery techniques such as intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) become conventional in veterinary radiotherapy, highly modulated radiation delivery helps to decrease dose to normal tissues. However, IMRT is only effective if patient setup and anatomy are accurately replicated for each treatment. Numerous techniques have been implemented to decrease patient setup error, however tumor shrinkage, variations in the patient's contour and weight loss continue to be hard to control and can result in clinically relevant dose deviation in radiotherapy plans. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) is often the most effective means to account for gradual changes such as tumor shrinkage and weight loss, however it is often unclear when adaption is necessary. The goal of this retrospective, observational study was to review dose delivery in dogs and cats who received helical radiotherapy at University of Wisconsin, using detector dose data (D2%, D50%, D98%) and daily megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) images, and to determine whether ART should be considered more frequently than it currently is. A total of 52 treatment plans were evaluated and included cancers of the head and neck, thorax, and abdomen. After evaluation, 6% of the radiotherapy plan delivered had clinically relevant dose deviations in dose delivery. Dose deviations were more common in thoracic and abdominal targets. While adaptation may have been considered in these cases, the decision to adapt can be complex and all factors, such as treatment delay, cost, and imaging modality, must be considered when adaptation is to be pursued.
Computed tomographic evaluation of the distal limb in the standing sedated horse: Technique, imaging diagnoses, feasibility, and artifacts
Authors: Mathee Nicoli , Robert Mickaël , Higgerty Sheelagh Margaret , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Rogers Angela L , d'Ablon Xavier , Carstens Ann 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn several veterinary institutions, adjustments of CT machines have been made that allow for imaging of the standing horse. The risk of general anesthesia is eliminated and the shorter scan completion time reduces cost to clients. The objective of this retrospective, analytical study was to evaluate the technique, imaging diagnoses, feasibility, and image artifacts of multi‐slice helical CT of horses’ distal limbs acquired under standing sedation. The CT images of 250 horses of various breeds, aged 3–23 years, that underwent standing distal limb CT were evaluated. Three observers assessed the CT images for artifacts and inter‐observer agreement was calculated. Eighty‐six percent (95% confidence interval (CI), 81–90) of the scans were carried out on the forelimbs, while 14% (95% CI, 10–19) were of the hindlimbs. A total of 65% (95% CI, 59–71) of horses that underwent standing sedated CT had single imaging diagnoses. Seventy‐one percent (95% CI, 65–77) of the cases had unilateral lesions, 27% (95% CI, 22–33) had bilateral lesions and 2% (95% CI, 1–4) had no diagnosed lesions. The average CT acquisition time was 17.5 minutes (range = 15–20). The average number of acquisitions per horse was 1.7 (median = 1; range = 1–4). There was good to excellent agreement between all three observers for the presence of motion artifact in the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joints, identification of marked beam hardening artifact, mild solar/ skin dirt, and photon starvation artifact (kappa 0.61‐0.80). No complications were encountered. Standing examination of the distal limb achieved diagnostic image quality that was obtained with minimal acquisition attempts and in a timely manner.
Introducing Passive Nuclear Safety in Water-Cooled Reactors: Numerical Simulation and Validation of Natural Convection Heat Transfer and Transport in Packed Beds of Heated Microspheres
Authors: Noah Olugbenga O. , Slabber Johan F. , Meyer Josua P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The development of an accident tolerant nuclear fuel for water-cooled reactors would redefined the status of these reactors from traditional active safety to passive safety systems. As a possible solution toward enhancing the safety of light-water reactors (LWRs), loose-coated particles of enriched uranium dioxide (UO2) fuel with the ability to retain gaseous and metallic fission products in the case of a loss of cooling event can be introduced inside Silicon-Carbide cladding tubes of the fuel assembly (see Figs. 1(a) and 1(b)). These coated particles are treated as a bed from where heat is transferred to the cladding tube and the helium gas movement is due to natural convection. A slender geometrical model with tube-to-particle diameter ratio N = 2.503 and porosity ε = 0.546 mimicking the proposed nuclear fuel in the cladding was numerically simulated. This study is to investigate the heat transfer characteristics and flow distribution under buoyancy driven force expected in the cladding tube of the proposed nuclear fuel using a commercial code. Random packing of the particles is achieved by discrete element method (DEM) simulation with the aid of starccm+. The temperature contour and velocity vector plots obtained can be said to be good illustration of anticipated heat transfer and transport phenomenon to occur in the proposed fuel design. Simulated results for particle-to-fluid heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and Rayleigh number which are of prime importance when analyzing natural convection heat transfer performance in fixed bed reactors were validated. Results from this work show close agreement with results obtained in established numerical and experimental works.
Natural Convection and Radiative Heat Transfer From Constant Surface Area Vertical Helical Coils: Effect of Pitch and Height
Authors: Biswal Gloria , Rath Subhasisa , Dash Sukanta Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, numerical simulations are carried out to delineate the natural convection and surface radiation heat transfer characteristics of vertically oriented isothermal helical coils having a constant surface area. Numerical computations using the finite-volume method are carried out in the laminar regime for the following non-dimensional parameter ranges: Rayleigh number (104 ≤ Ra ≤ 108), surface emissivity of the coil (0 ≤ ɛ ≤ 1), pitch to the rod-diameter of the coil (3 ≤ p/d ≤ 7.5), and coil-height to the rod-diameter (40 ≤ H/d ≤ 60). Temperature-dependent fluid properties have been implemented to obtain accurate results. The impact of Ra and ɛ on both convective and radiative heat losses is discussed in detail. At a high Ra of 108, when H/d varies from 40 to 60, the mass flowrate inducted through the coil reduces from 40.6% at p/d = 3 to 11.4% at p/d = 7.5. As a result, the relative strength of convection heat loss declines with a rise in H/d. For a higher emissivity of the coil surface of 0.9 and a lower Ra of 104, heat transfer by convection contributes only 12.66% of the total heat transfer. In contrast, the contribution of radiative heat transfer is only 7.46% for a lower emissivity of the coil surface of 0.1 and a higher Ra of 108.
Investigation Into Etching Effects on the Interface Strength Between Nickel Titanium and Bismuth Tin for the Creation of Metal Matrix Self Healing Composites
Authors: Haider Muhammad Istiaque , Church Benjamin , Rohatgi Pradeep , Salowitz Nathan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents recent research into the effects of etching treatments on the interface strength between nickel titanium (NiTi) fibers and a bismuth tin (BiSn) matrix composing a self-healing metal-metal composite.
Self-healing metallic composites have the potential to create a paradigm shift in the design of engineered structures by changing what is considered a “failure,” resulting in lighter weight and safer structures with reduced maintenance requirements.
Some of the most advanced self-healing metal-metal composites are composed of NiTi shape memory alloy fibers reinforcing an off-eutectic metal matrix. When activated these materials can recover from macroscopic deformations and matrix fracture, returning to their original geometry and then soldering cracks closed. This process restores nearly 100% of original strength without using any consumable adhesives. As a result, this healing process has the potential to be repeated indefinitely.
The strength of the interface between the fibers and matrix is critical to creating high-quality composites because it governs the ability to transfer loads between the matrix and fibers, through the structure. Unfortunately, NiTi forms an inert native titanium oxide (TiO2) surface layer when exposed to air that is notoriously hard to bond to. To overcome this weak bonding most initial work in self-healing using NiTi fibers employed structural anchors within specimens for the NiTi to react against. This approach was functional for demonstrating basic components of self-healing abilities but negated distributed load transfer between the fibers and matrix of the composite structure, creating concentrated load-paths and resulting in a poor composite structure. Chemical etching in an inert environment has been performed to remove the inert TiO2 surface layer from NiTi, but the resulting interface strength has not previously been quantified.
This paper presents an experimental investigation of the strength of the interface between NiTi and BiSn with both the native oxide layer present (control) and after undergoing a chemical etching process in an inert environment to remove the TiO2 layer and coating the NiTi while in the inert environment to prevent re-formation of the TiO2 layer.
Testing was performed using single fibers of NiTi cast into and extending out of a BiSn block. The fiber/wire was mechanically pulled out of the BiSn block while measuring the force applied and recording video of the process.
The experimental evaluation of these interface strengths in this research will enable the efficient design of composite materials to ensure proper load transfer between composite fibers and matrix to maximize strength and support self-healing capabilities.
Digital Information Storage Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Zhang Qianyun , Barri Kaveh , Wang Zhong Lin , Alavi Amir H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Information storage is an important functionality to produce a sense-decide-respond loop in active mechanical metamaterial systems. Here, we propose a new class of mechanical metamaterials with self-powered digital information storage capability. In the so-called mechanically-responsive data storage metamaterials, data is incorporated into a set of self-recovering unit cells that form the material lattice. As the metamaterial structure is loaded, the cells in each layer generate electrical signals that are coded as binary bits to represent the stored data. We show how the proposed designs can serve as sequential access memory data storage devices, where the stored data can be accessed in a deformation sequential order under mechanical stimulations. The stiffness of the metamaterial structure can be rationally designed to create either a flexible/soft or hard data storage system. We further discuss the potential of the proposed technology to create low-cost, non-volatile, and long-term storage solutions for data storage applications.
Modified Triply Periodic Actuator Topologies
Authors: Sparenberg Marc , Melcher Jörg 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The concept of a new piezoelectric actuator design is the focus of an ongoing smart structures research at DLR. It envisages actuator geometries, that have their template in nature and are aimed at optimally transfering their mechanical power to the structure in which they are integrated. The second aspect can only be achieved in case of an impedance matching. We found out, that these very specific designs have highly interesting differential geometry descriptions and that these geometries can be realized in a congenial combined manufacturing procedure: we start with 3D-printed filigree lightweight structures and continue with self-organizing processes. The results are simply, doubly and triply periodic piezoelectric membranes, grids and truss elements. One of their essential properties is their almost perfect stress distribution under mechanical loads. Any notch stresses are prevented. In this paper the first example is the modified catenoid piezoactuator. We continue with a doubly periodic honeycomb structure and finish with triply periodic modified gyroid and diamond-like actuators.
The Physical Qualities of Elite Australian Pace Bowlers: Typical Characteristics and Longitudinal Changes in Men and Women
Authors: Letter Ryan T. , Dwyer Dan B. , Drinkwater Eric J. , Feros Simon A. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To determine whether the most important physical qualities in elite Australian male and female cricket pace bowlers change with age and phase of the cricket season. Methods: An existing longitudinal database (7 cricket seasons) of selected and routinely collected physical testing data from 103 male and 58 female elite Australian pace bowlers age 18–30 years was retrospectively analyzed. Male and female physical testing data from the isometric midthigh pull, 1-repetition-maximum bench pull, run-of-3, and countermovement jump (male only) were analyzed separately by performing linear mixed models on each of the physical qualities. Type III analysis-of-variance tests were conducted to determine if a significant effect existed within the fixed effects of age, season phase, and the age × season phase interaction. Appropriate pairwise comparisons were conducted. Results: Absolute and relative measures of force in the isometric midthigh pull and strength in the 1-repetition-maximum bench pull tests were significantly greater in older male and female pace bowlers. Older male pace bowlers demonstrated significantly faster absolute and relative best run-of-3 times. Conclusions: Most physical qualities across both male and female pace bowlers demonstrated an improvement with age. This is likely due to a training effect and would be anticipated to lead to a gradual enhancement of ball release speed, in accordance with previous research. Future research should look to investigate the relationship between the development of physical qualities and ball release speed among elite male and female pace bowlers.
Relationship Between Shoulder Pain and Joint Reaction Forces and Muscle Moments During 2 Speeds of Wheelchair Propulsion
Authors: Chang Li-Shan , Ke Xiong-Wen , Limroongreungrat Weerawat , Wang Yong Tai 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine shoulder joint reaction forces and muscle moments during 2 speeds (1.3 and 2.2 m/s) of wheelchair propulsion and to investigate the relationship between joints reaction forces, muscle moments, and shoulder pain. The measurements were obtained from 20 manual wheelchair users. A JR3 6-channel load sensor (±1% error) and a Qualisys system were used to record 3-dimensional pushrim kinetics and kinematics. A 3-dimensional inverse dynamic model was generated to compute joint kinetics. The results demonstrated significant differences in shoulder joint forces and moments (P < .01) between the 2 speeds of wheelchair propulsion. The greatest peak shoulder joint forces during the drive phase were anterior directed (Fy, 184.69 N), and the greatest joint moment was the shoulder flexion direction (flexion moment, 35.79 N·m) at 2.2 m/s. All the shoulder joint reaction forces and flexion moment were significantly (P < .05) related to shoulder pain index. The forces combined in superior and anterior direction found at the shoulder joint may contribute to the compression of subacromial structure and predispose manual wheelchair users to potential rotator cuff impingement syndrome.
Racialized Women in Sport in Canada: A Scoping Review
Authors: Joseph Janelle , Tajrobehkar Bahar , Estrada Gabriela , Hamdonah Zeana 
Published: November 2022

Background: This scoping literature review examines: What literature exists about the sport and physical activity experiences of racialized cis and trans women, adolescents, and girls in Canada? Methods: English language peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and gray literature published January 1, 2000, up to May 31, 2020, were examined. The databases used were SPORTDiscus via EBSCO, Sociological Abstracts, Sport Medicine and Education Index, and Google Scholar. The 42 studies and 15 gray literatures found included 1430 participants explicitly specified as racialized women/girl participants. Results: There was a paucity of literature on the topic overall with none (n = 0) focused on experiences of racialized trans women. The limited research notes some successful programs that address racialized women’s needs. However, the research also shows widespread experiences of discrimination against women based on racial group and language and limited access to culturally relevant or welcoming sporting opportunities, such as women-only programs and spaces. Conclusions: Much more research should be done to disaggregate “immigrants” into specific racial and ethnic groups, attend to intersectional identities and barriers, understand a wide range of involvement (eg, including coaching, high performance sport, recreation, exercise, university sport, mentorship programs), document racism and White privilege, and describe the joys of participation in sport for racialized women.
Does an integrated school eye health delivery model perform better than a vertical model in a real-world setting? A non-randomised interventional comparative implementation study in Zanzibar
Authors: Chan Ving Fai , Yard Elodie , Mashayo Eden , Mulewa Damaris , Drake Lesley , Price-Sanchez Carlos , Omar Fatma 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundFew studies on school eye health programmes have shown they were cost-effective. We compared the performance (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM)) between an integrated model (IM) and a vertical model (VM) of school eye health delivery in Zanzibar.MethodsThe set of RE-AIM performance indicators of the IM (n=9) and VM (n=10) cohorts was compared. The VM implemented only the eye health interventions, while the IM had the eye health interventions conducted within the school feeding programme. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 36 stakeholders to understand the challenges and outcomes experienced when implementing both models.ResultsThe IM achieved higher screening coverage, voluntary follow-up rate, screening validity and spectacle compliance than VM. This was due to effective coordination between implementers, motivated teachers to prevent vision problems and related negative impacts in children, and activities implemented timeously post-training. Both models recorded low wearing compliance. All schools in the IM cohort completed screening activities, but two schools in the VM cohort did not. Both models ceased activities after the funding stopped. Local stakeholders emphasised that evidence from this study can be used to advocate for more resources for children’s eye health.ConclusionsThe IM cohort achieved better reach, effectiveness, adoption rate and implementation performance than the VM cohort. The poor maintenance performance indicators in both arms postfunding call for improvement to the implementation strategy to ensure the sustainability of school eye health. In the optics of scaling up, an integrated approach is recommended.
Detection of diabetic neovascularisation using single-capture 65°-widefield optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Stino Heiko , Niederleithner Michael , Iby Johannes , Sedova Aleksandra , Schlegl Thomas , Steiner Irene , Sacu Stefan , Drexler Wolfgang , Schmoll Tilman , Leitgeb Rainer , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula Margarethe , Pollreisz Andreas 
Published: November 2022

AimTo assess the detection rate of retinal neovascularisation (NV) in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) using widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA) in comparison to ultrawidefield fluorescein angiography (UWF-FA).MethodsSingle-capture 65°-WF-OCTA-imaging was performed in patients with NV at the disc or elsewhere (NVE) detected on UWF-FA using a modified PlexElite system and B-scans were examined for blood flow signals breaching the internal limiting membrane. Sensitivity of WF-OCTA and UWF colour fundus (UWF-CF) photography for correct diagnosis of PDR was determined and interdevice agreement (Fleiss’ κ) between WF-OCTA and UWF-FA for detection of NV in the total gradable area and each retinal quadrant was evaluated.ResultsFifty-nine eyes of 41 patients with PDR detected on UWF-FA were included. Sensitivity of detecting PDR on WF-OCTA scans was 0.95 in contrast to 0.78 on UWF-CF images. Agreement in detecting NVE between WF-OCTA and UWF-FA was high in the superotemporal (κ=0.98) and inferotemporal (κ=0.94) and weak in the superonasal (κ=0.24) and inferonasal quadrants (κ=0.42). On UWF-FA, 63% of NVEs (n=153) were located in the temporal quadrants with 93% (n=142) of them being detected on WF-OCTA scans.ConclusionThe high reliability of non-invasive WF-OCTA imaging in detecting PDR can improve clinical examination with the potential to replace FA as a single diagnostic tool.
Association between gestational diabetes and 6-year incident diabetes: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Casagrande Sarah S , Avilés-Santa M Larissa , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Gallo Linda , Simon Melissa , Kominiarek Michelle , Talavera Gregory , Stuebe Alison M , Potter JoNell , Perera Marisa Judith , Isasi Carmen , Gonzalez Jeffrey S , Rust Keith , Cowie Catherine 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes (GDM) disproportionately affect those of Hispanic/Latino heritage. This study examined the association between GDM and prevalent and incident diabetes in a community-based study of Hispanic/Latina women living in the USA.MethodsParticipants were women aged 18–74 years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos who had at least one pregnancy and had information on self-reported history of GDM at baseline (n=6389). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between GDM and prevalent (2008–2011) and incident (2014–2017) diabetes and interactions between GDM and risk factors for incident diabetes.ResultsAt baseline, 8.7% of participants reported a history of GDM and 18.6% had prevalent diabetes. Women with Mexican heritage had the highest prevalence of GDM history (11.3%) vs women of Cuban (5.0%), Central American (4.9%), and South American (3.8%) heritage (p<0.001 for each comparison to Mexican heritage). Women with self-reported GDM were four times more likely to have prevalent diabetes compared with women without GDM, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and cardiometabolic risk factors (adjusted OR (aOR)=3.94, 95% CI 2.75 to 5.64). Overall incidence of diabetes was 14.3/100 women. Women with GDM at baseline increased their odds of incident diabetes by threefold compared with women without GDM (aOR=3.25, 95% CI 2.09 to 5.05). Women with Cuban or Puerto Rican heritage and GDM had significantly higher odds of incident diabetes compared with women with Mexican heritage (aOR=2.15, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.95; aOR=1.95, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.55, respectively).ConclusionSelf-reported GDM was significantly associated with a threefold higher risk of incident diabetes among Hispanic/Latino women in the USA even after adjusting for several significant predictors of diabetes.