bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Green Infrastructure for Coping with Climate Extremes in Holguín: Ecological Engineering Solutions in the Cuban Context
Authors: Schneider Petra , Pilzecker Carsten , Reinstorf Frido 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNature can make important contributions to the mitigation of climate extremes through urban green infrastructure (UGI) as of nature‐based solutions (NbS). Ecosystem‐related planning methodologies are a comprehensive approach to foster sustainable development. Moreover, NbS contribute to land recycling and soil restoration, as well as wastewater purification and disaster risk reduction. In the frame of sustainable urbanization, NbS may support the water cycle restoration on all catchment scales, as well as the improvement of water quality. In addition, NbS generate further additional benefits like ecosystem services and can be considered more cost‐effective on the long term. The present contribution illustrates the options for the development of tailored UGI in the urban realm through a showcase from Holguín (Cuba) and the estimation of the respective ecosystem services net benefits using the i‐Tree software. Here, beside the development of an UGI potential map, three pilot sites are investigated to apply ecological engineering solutions.
Venous and arterial thrombosis associated with abemaciclib therapy for metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Watson Nathan W. , Wander Seth A. , Shatzel Joseph J. , Al‐Samkari Hanny 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib is a mainstay of treatment for hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. However, increased venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates in multiple clinical trials resulted in a black‐box warning for this agent. Thrombosis rates in unselected real‐world populations receiving abemaciclib remain ill defined.MethodsA multicenter observational cohort study was conducted of patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving abemaciclib. The primary end point was thrombosis during treatment or within 30 days of discontinuation. Multivariable logistic models assessed predictors of VTE, and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model assessed mortality.ResultsA total of 364 patients were included, with a median treatment duration of 5.5 months. Twenty‐six patients developed 27 (7.4%) thrombotic events (17 VTE, nine arterial thrombosis, and one with both events). No baseline characteristics were associated with increased VTE risk in multivariable modeling. Patients developing VTE during therapy had a higher risk of death than those who did not (hazard ratio, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.07–4.13). Median survival in patients who developed VTE compared with those who did not was 9.6 vs 25.8 months, respectively. The rate of VTE and any thrombosis during abemaciclib therapy was 9.1 and 13.7 events per 100 person‐years, respectively, which is notably higher than rates observed in clinical trials.ConclusionsIn a real‐world setting, abemaciclib was associated with a VTE rate approximately two‐fold greater than the already elevated rates reported in the MONARCH trials. Patients developing thrombosis on abemaciclib had a significantly higher risk of death. Given these findings, studies evaluating the role of thromboprophylaxis in patients receiving abemaciclib are needed.
Flow‐induced shear stress and deformation of a core–shell‐structured microcapsule in a microchannel
Authors: Hou Tuo , Ren Yong , Chan Yue , Wang Jing , Yan Yuying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA numerical model was developed and validated to investigate the fluid–structure interactions between fully developed pipe flow and core–shell‐structured microcapsule in a microchannel. Different flow rates and microcapsule shell thicknesses were considered. A sixth‐order rotational symmetric distribution of von Mises stress over the microcapsule shell can be observed on the microcapsule with a thinner shell configuration, especially at higher flow rate conditions. It is also observed that when being carried along in a fully developed pipe flow, the microcapsule with a thinner shell tends to accumulate stress at a higher rate compared to that with a thicker shell. In general, for the same microcapsule configuration, higher flow velocity would induce a higher stress level over the microcapsule shell. The deformation gradient was used to capture the microcapsule's deformation in the present study. The effect of Young's modulus on the microcapsule shell on the microcapsule deformation was investigated as well. Our findings will shed light on the understanding of the stability of core–shell‐structured microcapsule when subjected to flow‐induced shear stress in a microfluidic system, enabling a more exquisite control over the breakup dynamics of drug‐loaded microcapsule for biomedical applications.
Transition from pediatric to adult care among patients with epilepsy: Cross‐sectional surveys of experts and patients in Korea
Authors: Jung Seung Yeon , Yu Seung Woo , Lee Keon Su , Yi Yoon Young , Kang Joon Won 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesMany pediatric patients with epilepsy require treatment beyond the pediatric age. These patients require transition to an adult epilepsy center. Currently, many centers worldwide run epilepsy transition programs. However, a standardized protocol does not exist in Korea. The basic data required to establish a transition program are also unavailable. We aimed to assess the status and perceptions of patients and epilepsy care providers on transition.MethodsTo assess the status of epilepsy transition, we retrospectively collected data from patients with epilepsy older than 18 years who visited our pediatric epilepsy clinic between March 1990 and July 2019. To assess the perception of transition, we surveyed patients, parents, pediatric neurologists (PN), and adult epileptologists (AE).ResultsIn a retrospective chart review, 39 of 267 (14.6%) patients visited the adult epilepsy clinic after consulting a pediatric neurologist, and three patients returned to the pediatric center. The average patient age at transition was 23.29 ± 5.10 years. A total of 94 patients or their guardians and 100 experts participated in the survey. About half of the patients or guardians (44.7%) did not want to transition and emotional dependence was the commonest reason. Most patients (52.1%) thought that the appropriate age of transition was above 20 years. PNs had greater concerns about patients' compliance than AEs. Regarding the age of transition, AEs believed that a younger age (18 years) was more appropriate than PNs (20 years).SignificanceThis study describes difficulties in the transition from pediatric to adult epilepsy centers without appropriate support. There were differences in perspectives among patients, parents, and adult and pediatric epilepsy care providers. This study can assist in creating a standardized protocol in Korea.
Psychophysiological interaction analysis for the detection of stimulus‐specific networks in reflex epilepsy
Authors: Zahnert Felix , Belke Marcus , Sommer Jens , Oesterle Julia , Möschl Vincent , Nimsky Christopher , Knake Susanne , Menzler Katja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report detailed functional MRI (fMRI) analyses in a patient with reflex seizures elicited by driving along a specific rural crossroad or by watching a video thereof. Semiology consisted of epigastric aura, followed by a sensory seizure of the left hand and sporadic automotor seizures. The right amygdala‐region (rh‐amygdala) was surgically and electroclinically confirmed as the epileptogenic zone. Presurgical task‐fMRI was performed, during which videos of the driving along that specific crossroad (IC), of another crossroad (NC) or noise were presented. Independent component analysis was conducted, and one component was used to aid in selection of a seed region within the rh‐amygdala for subsequent psychophysiological interaction analysis (PPI). Here, the following regions showed stronger connectivity with the rh‐amygdala seed during the IC condition compared to NC: right > left visual cortex, bilateral insulae, and right secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), potentially explaining epigastric aura and left somatosensory seizure semiology. Contralateral analyses did not reproduce these results. Overall, the ictogenic stimulus elicited enhanced connectivity of the epileptogenic rh‐amygdala with visual cortex and further regions of potential seizure spread (S2, insula) as a putative mechanism of ictogenesis. Our results highlight the potential of PPI in the analysis of stimulus‐dependent networks in patients with reflex epilepsies to gain insight into seizure generation.
Disparities in the impact of the AJCC 8th edition staging system on differentiated thyroid cancer outcomes
Authors: Santamaria‐Barria Juan A. , Graff‐Baker Amanda N. , Chang Shu‐Ching , Khader Adam , Scholer Anthony J. , Garland‐Kledzik Mary , Goldfarb Melanie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of AJCC8 among self‐reported racial/ethnic groups on differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) outcomes is unknown.MethodsMultivariate‐regression evaluated the association between AJCC7 to AJCC8 stage change and race/ethnicity in patients with DTC in the NCDB. Cox‐proportional‐regression evaluated whether AJCC7 to AJCC8 stage change affects overall survival (OS) differently based on reported race/ethnicity.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, Hispanics and Asian‐Pacific‐Islanders (APIs) were 27% and 12% less likely to be down‐staged compared to white‐non‐Hispanics (WNHs) (p < 0.001); black‐non‐Hispanics (BNHs) had no significant down‐staging difference. Down‐staged patients had an increased risk of death compared to patients with unchanged staging, regardless of race/ethnicity. However, based on two‐way interaction, the magnitude of this negative change on survival from down‐staging was only different between WNHs (HR = 2.64) and BNHs (HR = 1.77), (p = 0.04).ConclusionsOutcome disparities persist among self‐reported racial/ethnic groups with AJCC8. Down‐staged patients across all racial/ethnic groups had decreased survival compared to those with unchanged stage, with the least impact in BNHs.
Endonasal access to the lateral poststyloid space: Far lateral extension of an endoscopic endonasal corridor
Authors: Li Lifeng , London Nyall R. , Kim Leslie R. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe styloid process constitutes the posterolateral boundary for an endonasal exposure of the infratemporal fossa. This study aims to explore the feasibility of a far‐lateral extension to the lateral poststyloid space via an endonasal corridor. An endonasal dissection was performed on six cadaveric specimens (12 sides). Following an endoscopic endonasal access to the parapharyngeal space, the styloid process and the tympanic portion of the temporal bone were removed to reveal the jugular bulb and the extratemporal facial nerve. Distances from the anterior nasal spine to the relevant landmarks were measured using a surgical navigation device. Through an endonasal corridor, only the anteroinferior aspect of the jugular bulb was exposed. Conversely, the extratemporal facial nerve could be sufficiently exposed, and the deep temporal nerve could be transposed to the stylomastoid foramen. The average horizontal distances from the nasal spine to the posterior tract of V3, styloid process, and facial nerve were 79.33 ± 3.41, 97.10 ± 4.74, and 104.77 ± 4.42 mm, respectively. Access to the lateral poststyloid space via an endonasal corridor is feasible, potentially providing an alternative approach to address select lesions extending to this region. The deep temporal nerve has a similar diameter to that of the facial nerve; thus, providing potential reinnervation of the facial nerve.
Mixed convection and entropy generation of a hybrid nanofluid flow in a tilted channel containing heated blocks
Authors: Ghennai Ahlam , Bessaïh Rachid , Merabet Abderrezak 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA three‐dimensional numerical laminar mixed convection analysis has been examined to investigate thermal transfer, fluid flow, and second law behaviors in an inclined channel with four heated blocks within, submitted under a constant heat flux using Al2O3–Cu water‐based hybrid nanofluid as a circulating fluid. Our main purpose is to perform a close‐to‐reality approach, which leads to results that can be applied in many experimental and industrial fields. This study focuses on the analysis of the effect of Reynolds number (100 ≤ Re ≤ 500), Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri​​​​​​​ ≤ 2), nanoparticles concentration (0 ≤  ≤ 0.05), blocks positions, and inclination of the channel (0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°) to examine the variation of Nusselt number Nu, temperature gradient entropy Sh, fluid friction entropy Sf, and the number of Bejan Be. Results show that the enhancements provided to the Nu number by elevating previous parameters reached a percentage rate of 3.2% when increasing , 12.9% with Ri, and 8.58% with Re; however, the aligned position reveals higher values. There is also an increment in Be number when Ri and Re increase, but in this case, the not‐aligned position reveals the highest values. To predict Nu number values, correlations were developed to examine the effects of , Ri, and Re on Nu, for both aligned and not‐aligned positions.
Continuous versus disrupted subcutaneous tissue closure in cesarean section: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lauterbach Roy , Ben David Chen , Bachar Gal , Justman Naphtali , Matanes Emad , Ginsberg Yuval , Vitner Dana , Beloosesky Ron , Weiner Zeev , Zipori Yaniv 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare rates of surgical‐site infections following continuous, as compared with interrupted, subcutaneous tissue closure technique during cesarean delivery (CD).MethodsA retrospective cohort study during 2008–2018. The study group included women who underwent either elective or emergent CD with continuous subcutaneous tissue closure, while the control group comprised those with interrupted subcutaneous tissue closure. We excluded women with suspected infectious morbidity before CD. The primary outcome was surgical‐site infection (SSI) rate.ResultsThe final analysis included 6281 women. We performed continuous subcutaneous tissue closure in 37.4% (1867/4988) of scheduled CD, and 45.8% (592/1293) of emergent CD. The rate of SSI was significantly lower following continuous than interrupted subcutaneous tissue closure, in both elective CD (2.7% versus 4.5%, respectively, P = 0.031) and emergent CD (3.2% versus 5.4%, respectively, P = 0.036) in nulliparous and multiparous women. Similarly, secondary outcomes such as re‐admission rates, postoperative maternal fever, and need for antibiotic treatment were significantly lower following continuous subcutaneous closure.ConclusionsContinuous subcutaneous closure technique during CD yields a lower rate of surgical‐site complications compared with the interrupted technique.
A case of metastatic treatment‐emergent small cell/neuroendocrine prostate cancer with BRCA2 mutation diagnosed by liver biopsy
Authors: Naiki Taku , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Kawai Tatsuya , Komatsu Hirokazu , Nishikawa Ryutaro , Gonda Masakazu , Aoki Maria , Sugiyama Yosuke , Tasaki Yoshihiko , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionTreatment‐emergent small cell/neuroendocrine prostate cancer occurs predominantly in advanced or metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer that arises when prostate adenocarcinoma is transformed after androgen deprivation therapy. The clinical course for the pathogenesis involved or associated genetic information have not been clearly elucidated.Case presentationA Japanese male, 63‐year‐old, underwent a para‐aortic lymph biopsy due to sudden severe bilateral leg edema, with a final diagnosis of stage IV prostate adenocarcinoma. He was initially responsive to upfront abiraterone with androgen deprivation therapy; however, relapse occurred in the liver and bone 10 months after initial treatment, with serum neuron‐specific enolase elevation and without prostate‐specific antigen elevation. Pathological findings of liver tumor revealed treatment‐emergent small cell/neuroendocrine prostate cancer. FoundationOne® CDx was used for cancer‐related gene profiling of liver tumor specimen; a BRCA2 mutation was identified.ConclusionEarly detection of this transformation and pathological diagnosis can improve patient survival when genetic mutations, including BRCA 1/2.
Detection of partial deletion and mosaicism using quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction: Case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: Xu Chenxia , Peng Jianming , Zhang Yanfang , Liang Shaoxia , Wang Degang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y can be detected by the quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) performed with short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Although QF‐PCR is designed to detect whole chromosome trisomy, the partial deletion or mosaic of chromosomes may also be detected.MethodsPartial deletion or mosaic of chromosomes in three cases was detected by QF‐PCR. Karyotyping and chromosome microarray analysis(CMA) were performed. We further reviewed the clinical utility of QF‐PCR in detecting mosaicisms and deletions/duplications.ResultsQF‐PCR demonstrated structurally abnormal 21, X, and Y chromosomes in primary amniotic cells. QF‐PCR results in these three cases showed abnormal peak height/peak area, which could not be interpreted according to the kit instructions. QF‐PCR results suggested that there were partial deletions or mosaicism, which were confirmed by karyotyping and CMA.ConclusionIn addition to detecting trisomies of whole chromosomes, QF‐PCR can also detect deletion and mosaicism of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y, which could suggest the presence of copy number variants (CNVs). Additional testing with genetic technologies, such as karyotyping or microarrays, is recommended when an uninformative pattern is suspected.
Insight into magnesium ions effect on chromosome banding and ultrastructure
Authors: Dwiranti Astari , Mualifah Mualifah , Kartapradja Raden Hannie Dewi Hadyani , Abinawanto Abinawanto , Salamah Andi , Fukui Kiichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMagnesium ion (Mg2+) plays a fundamental role in chromosome condensation which is important for genetic material segregation. Studies about the effects of Mg2+ on the overall chromosome structure have been reported. Nevertheless, its effects on the distribution of heterochromatin and euchromatin region have yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Mg2+ on the banding pattern and ultrastructure of the chromosome. Chromosome analysis was performed using the synchronized HeLa cells. The effect of Mg2+ was evaluated by subjecting the chromosomes to three different solutions, namely XBE5 (containing 5 mM Mg2+) as a control, XBE (0 mM Mg2+), and 1 mM EDTA as cations‐chelator. Chromosome banding was carried out using the GTL‐banding technique. The ultrastructure of the chromosomes treated with and without Mg2+ was further obtained using SEM. The results showed a condensed chromosome structure with a clear banding pattern when the chromosomes were treated with a buffer containing 5 mM Mg2+. In contrast, chromosomes treated with a buffer containing no Mg2+ and those treated with a cations‐chelator showed an expanded and fibrous structure with the lower intensity of the banding pattern. Elongation of the chromosome caused by decondensation resulted in the band splitting. The different ultrastructure of the chromosomes treated with and without Mg2+ was obvious under SEM. The results of this study further emphasized the role of Mg2+ on chromosome structure and gave insights into Mg2+ effects on the banding distribution and ultrastructure of the chromosome.
Magnetic Targeting of Gadolinium Contrast to Enhance MRI of the Inner Ear in Endolymphatic Hydrops
Authors: Le Trung N. , Oakden Wendy , Mukherjee Subhendu , Ferdous Zannatul , Kuroiwa Maya , Liu Violet M. , Zhang Zhifen , Situ Yumai , Paul Brandon , Stanisz Greg 
Published: June 2022

Objectives1. Determine the feasibility and efficiency of local magnetic targeting delivery of gadolinium (Gad) contrast to the inner ear in rodents. 2. Assess any potential ototoxicity of magnetic targeting delivery of Gad in the inner ear. 3. Study the utility of magnetic targeting delivery of Gad to visualize and quantify endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in a transgenic mouse model.Study DesignControlled in vivo animal model study.MethodsParamagnetic Gad was locally delivered to the inner ear using the magnetic targeting technique in both rat and mouse models. Efficiency of contrast delivery was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ototoxicity of Gad was examined with histology of the cochlea and functional audiological tests. The Phex mouse model was used to study EH, hearing loss, and balance dysfunction. Magnetic targeting delivery of Gad contrast was used in the Phex mouse model to visualize the effects of EH using MRI.ResultsMagnetic targeting improved the delivery of Gad to the inner ear and the technique was reproducible in both rat and mouse models. The delivery method did not result in microstructural damage or any significant hearing loss in a normal animal. Magnetic targeting of Gad in the Phex mouse model allowed detailed visualization and quantification of EH.ConclusionThis study provided the first evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of the local magnetic targeting delivery of gadolinium contrast to the inner ear and its application to the visualization and quantification of EH. Laryngoscope, 133:914–923, 2023
Real time volumetric MRI for 3D motion tracking via geometry‐informed deep learning
Authors: Liu Lianli , Shen Liyue , Johansson Adam , Balter James M. , Cao Yue , Chang Daniel , Xing Lei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo develop a geometry‐informed deep learning framework for volumetric MRI with sub‐second acquisition time in support of 3D motion tracking, which is highly desirable for improved radiotherapy precision but hindered by the long image acquisition time.MethodsA 2D–3D deep learning network with an explicitly defined geometry module that embeds geometric priors of the k‐space encoding pattern was investigated, where a 2D generation network first augmented the sparsely sampled image dataset by generating new 2D representations of the underlying 3D subject. A geometry module then unfolded the 2D representations to the volumetric space. Finally, a 3D refinement network took the unfolded 3D data and outputted high‐resolution volumetric images. Patient‐specific models were trained for seven abdominal patients to reconstruct volumetric MRI from both orthogonal cine slices and sparse radial samples. To evaluate the robustness of the proposed method to longitudinal patient anatomy and position changes, we tested the trained model on separate datasets acquired more than one month later and evaluated 3D target motion tracking accuracy using the model‐reconstructed images by deforming a reference MRI with gross tumor volume (GTV) contours to a 5‐min time series of both ground truth and model‐reconstructed volumetric images with a temporal resolution of 340 ms.ResultsAcross the seven patients evaluated, the median distances between model‐predicted and ground truth GTV centroids in the superior‐inferior direction were 0.4 ± 0.3 mm and 0.5 ± 0.4 mm for cine and radial acquisitions, respectively. The 95‐percentile Hausdorff distances between model‐predicted and ground truth GTV contours were 4.7 ± 1.1 mm and 3.2 ± 1.5 mm for cine and radial acquisitions, which are of the same scale as cross‐plane image resolution.ConclusionIncorporating geometric priors into deep learning model enables volumetric imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution, which is particularly valuable for 3D motion tracking and has the potential of greatly improving MRI‐guided radiotherapy precision.