bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global transcriptomic characterization of T cells in individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection
Authors: Wang Xiang-Ming , Zhang Ji-Yuan , Xing Xudong , Huang Hui-Huang , Xia Peng , Dai Xiao-Peng , Hu Wei , Zhang Chao , Song Jin-Wen , Fan Xing , Wu Feng-Ying , Liu Fu-Hua , Ke Yuehua , Zhao Yifan , Jiang Tian-Jun , Wang Li-Feng , Jiao Yan-Mei , Xu Ruo-Nan , Jin Lei , Shi Ming , Bai Fan , Wang Fu-Sheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo obtain a comprehensive scenario of T cell profiles and synergistic immune responses, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the peripheral T cells of 14 individuals with chronic human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection, including nine treatment-naive (TP) and eight antiretroviral therapy (ART) participants (of whom three were paired with TP cases), and compared the results with four healthy donors (HD). Through analyzing the transcriptional profiles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, coupled with assembled T cell receptor sequences, we observed the significant loss of naive T cells, prolonged inflammation, and increased response to interferon-α in TP individuals, which could be partially restored by ART. Interestingly, we revealed that CD4+ and CD8+ Effector-GNLY clusters were expanded in TP cases, and persistently increased in ART individuals where they were typically correlated with poor immune restoration. This transcriptional dataset enables a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and is also a rich resource for developing novel immune targeted therapeutic strategies.
Cpx-signalling facilitates Hms-dependent biofilm formation by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Gahlot Dharmender K. , Wai Sun N. , Erickson David L. , Francis Matthew S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBacteria often reside in sessile communities called biofilms, where they adhere to a variety of surfaces and exist as aggregates in a viscous polymeric matrix. Biofilms are resistant to antimicrobial treatments, and are a major contributor to the persistence and chronicity of many bacterial infections. Herein, we determined that the CpxA-CpxR two-component system influenced the ability of enteropathogenicYersinia pseudotuberculosisto develop biofilms. Mutant bacteria that accumulated the active CpxR~P isoform failed to form biofilms on plastic or on the surface of theCaenorhabditis elegansnematode. A failure to form biofilms on the worm surface prompted their survival when grown on the lawns ofY. pseudotuberculosis. Exopolysaccharide production by thehmsloci is the major driver of biofilms formed byYersinia. We used a number of molecular genetic approaches to demonstrate that active CpxR~P binds directly to the promoter regulatory elements of thehmsloci to activate the repressors ofhmsexpression and to repress the activators ofhmsexpression. Consequently, active Cpx-signalling culminated in a loss of exopolysaccharide production. Hence, the development ofY. pseudotuberculosisbiofilms on multiple surfaces is controlled by the Cpx-signalling, and at least in part this occurs through repressive effects on the Hms-dependent exopolysaccharide production.
HPV16 infection decreases vaccine-induced HPV16 antibody avidity: the CVT trial
Authors: Tsang Sabrina H. , Schiller John T. , Porras Carolina , Kemp Troy J. , Herrero Rolando , Schussler John , Sierra Monica S. , Cortes Bernal , Hildesheim Allan , Lowy Douglas R. , Rodríguez Ana Cecilia , Romero Byron , Çuburu Nicolas , Shing Jaimie Z. , Pinto Ligia A. , Sampson Joshua N. , Kreimer Aimée R. ,   on behalf of the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial Group, Cortés Bernal , González Paula , Herrero Rolando , Jiménez Silvia E. , Porras Carolina , Rodríguez Ana Cecilia , Hildesheim Allan , Kreimer Aimée R. , Lowy Douglas R. , Schiffman Mark , Schiller John T. , Sherman Mark , Wacholder Sholom , Pinto Ligia A. , Kemp Troy J. , Sidawy Mary K. , Quint Wim , van Doorn Leen-Jan , Struijk Linda , Palefsky Joel M. , Darragh Teresa M. , Stoler Mark H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe HPV vaccine has shown sustained efficacy and consistent stabilization of antibody levels, even after a single dose. We defined the HPV16-VLP antibody avidity patterns over 11 years among women who received one- or three doses of the bivalent HPV vaccine in the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial. Absolute HPV16 avidity was lower in women who received one compared to three doses, although the patterns were similar (increased in years 2 and 3 and remained stable over the remaining 8 years). HPV16 avidity among women who were HPV16-seropositive women at HPV vaccination, a marker of natural immune response to HPV16 infection, was significantly lower than those of HPV16-seronegative women, a difference that was more pronounced among one-dose recipients. No differences in HPV16 avidity were observed by HPV18 serostatus at vaccination, confirming the specificity of the findings. Importantly, point estimates for vaccine efficacy against incident, six-month persistent HPV16 infections was similar between women who were HPV16 seronegative and seropositive at the time of initial HPV vaccination for both one-dose and three-dose participants. It is therefore likely that this lower avidity level is still sufficient to enable antibody-mediated protection. It is encouraging for long-term HPV-vaccine protection that HPV16 antibody avidity was maintained for over a decade, even after a single dose.
COVID-19 symptoms are reduced by targeted hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea
Authors: George Carolin Elizabeth , Scheuch Gerhard , Seifart Ulf , Inbaraj Leeberk Raja , Chandrasingh Sindhulina , Nair Indu K. , Hickey Anthony J. , Barer Michael R. , Fletcher Eve , Field Rachel D. , Salzman Jonathan , Moelis Nathan , Ausiello Dennis , Edwards David A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDehydration of the upper airways increases risks of respiratory diseases from COVID-19 to asthma and COPD. We find in human volunteer studies involving 464 human subjects in Germany, the US, and India that respiratory droplet generation increases by up to 4 orders of magnitude in dehydration-associated states of advanced age (n = 357), elevated BMI-age (n = 148), strenuous exercise (n = 20) and SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 87), and falls with hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea by calcium-rich hypertonic salts. We also find in a protocol of exercise-induced airway dehydration that hydration of the airways by calcium-rich salts increases oxygenation relative to a non-treatment control (P < 0.05). In a random control study of COVID-19 positive subjects (n = 40), thrice-a-day delivery of the calcium-rich hypertonic salts (active) suppressed respiratory droplet generation by 51% ± 11% and increased oxygen saturation over three days of treatment by 48.08% ± 9.61% (P < 0.001), while no changes were observed in the nasal-saline control group. Self-reported symptoms significantly declined in the active group and did not decline in the control group. Hydration of the upper airways appears promising as a non-drug approach for reducing risks of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19.
Exhaled volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sukaram Thanikan , Tansawat Rossarin , Apiparakoon Terapap , Tiyarattanachai Thodsawit , Marukatat Sanparith , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Chaiteerakij Roongruedee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile for diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well studied. We determined VOCs profile in exhaled breath of 97 HCC patients and 111 controls using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Support Vector Machine algorithm. The combination of acetone, 1,4-pentadiene, methylene chloride, benzene, phenol and allyl methyl sulfide provided the highest accuracy of 79.6%, with 76.5% sensitivity and 82.7% specificity in the training set; and 55.4% accuracy, 44.0% sensitivity, and 75.0% specificity in the test set. This combination was correlated with the HCC stages demonstrating by the increased distance from the classification boundary when the stage advanced. For early HCC detection, d-limonene provided a 62.8% sensitivity, 51.8% specificity and 54.9% accuracy. The levels of acetone, butane and dimethyl sulfide were significantly altered after treatment. Patients with complete response had a greater decreased acetone level than those with remaining tumor post-treatment (73.38 ± 56.76 vs. 17.11 ± 58.86 (× 106 AU, p = 0.006). Using a cutoff of 35.9 × 106 AU, the reduction in acetone level predicted treatment response with 77.3% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, 79.4%, accuracy, and AUC of 0.784. This study demonstrates the feasibility of exhaled VOCs as a non-invasive tool for diagnosis, monitoring of HCC progression and treatment response.
Genetic characterization of populations in the Marquesas Archipelago in the context of the Austronesian expansion
Authors: Tätte Kai , Metspalu Ene , Post Helen , Palencia-Madrid Leire , Luis Javier Rodríguez , Reidla Maere , Tamm Erika , Ilumäe Anne-Mai , de Pancorbo Marian M. , Garcia-Bertrand Ralph , Metspalu Mait , Herrera Rene J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOur exploration of the genetic constitution of Nuku Hiva (n = 51), Hiva Oa (n = 28) and Tahuata (n = 8) of the Marquesas Archipelago based on the analyses of genome-wide autosomal markers as well as high-resolution genotyping of paternal and maternal lineages provides us with information on the origins and settlement of these islands at the fringe of the Austronesian expansion. One widespread theme that emerges from this study is the genetic uniformity and relative isolation exhibited by the Marquesas and Society populations. This genetic homogeneity within East Polynesia groups is reflected in their limited average heterozygosity, uniformity of constituents in the Structure analyses, reiteration of complete mtDNA sequences, marked separation from Asian and other Oceanic populations in the PC analyses, limited differentiation in the PCAs and large number of IBD segments in common. Both the f3 and the Outgroup f3 results provide indications of intra-East Polynesian gene flow that may have promoted the observed intra-East Polynesia genetic homogeneity while ALDER analyses indicate that East Polynesia experienced two gene flow episodes, one relatively recent from Europe that coincides roughly with the European incursion into the region and an early one that may represent the original settlement of the islands by Austronesians. Median Network analysis based on high-resolution Y-STR loci under C2a-M208 generates a star-like topology with East Polynesian groups (especially from the Society Archipelago) in central stem positions and individuals from the different populations radiating out one mutational step away while several Samoan and outlier individuals occupy peripheral positions. This arrangement of populations is congruent with dispersals of C2a-M208 Y chromosomes from East Polynesia as a migration hub signaling dispersals in various directions. The equivalent ages of the C2a-M208 lineage of the populations in the Network corroborate an east to west flow of the most abundant Polynesian Y chromosome.
Directional emission of white light via selective amplification of photon recycling and Bayesian optimization of multi-layer thin films
Authors: Wankerl Heribert , Wiesmann Christopher , Kreiner Laura , Butendeich Rainer , Luce Alexander , Sobczyk Sandra , Stern Maike Lorena , Lang Elmar Wolfgang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the last decades, light-emitting diodes (LED) have replaced common light bulbs in almost every application, from flashlights in smartphones to automotive headlights. Illuminating nightly streets requires LEDs to emit a light spectrum that is perceived as pure white by the human eye. The power associated with such a white light spectrum is not only distributed over the contributing wavelengths but also over the angles of vision. For many applications, the usable light rays are required to exit the LED in forward direction, namely under small angles to the perpendicular. In this work, we demonstrate that a specifically designed multi-layer thin film on top of a white LED increases the power of pure white light emitted in forward direction. Therefore, the deduced multi-objective optimization problem is reformulated via a real-valued physics-guided objective function that represents the hierarchical structure of our engineering problem. Variants of Bayesian optimization are employed to maximize this non-deterministic objective function based on ray tracing simulations. Eventually, the investigation of optical properties of suitable multi-layer thin films allowed to identify the mechanism behind the increased directionality of white light: angle and wavelength selective filtering causes the multi-layer thin film to play ping pong with rays of light.
Repellency and insecticidal activity of seven Mugwort (Artemisia argyi) essential oils against the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis
Authors: Luo De-Yue , Yan Zhen-Tian , Che Lin-Rong , Zhu Junwei Jerry , Chen Bin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnopheles sinensis is the main vector of malaria with a wide distribution in China and its adjacent countries. The smoke from burning dried mugwort leaves has been commonly used to repel and kill mosquito adults especially in southern Chinese provinces. In this study, the essential oils of mugwort leaves collected from seven provinces in China were extracted by steam distillation and their chemical compositions were analyzed. Among a total of 56–87 chemical constituents confirmed by GC–MS analyses, four compounds, eucalyptol, β-caryophyllene, phytol and caryophyllene oxide, were identified with appearances from all seven distilled essential oils. The effectiveness varied in larvicidal, fumigant and repellent activities against An. sinensis from these seven essential oils with different geographic origins. The essential oil from Hubei province showed the highest larvicidal activity against the 4th instar larvae of An. sinensis, with a median lethal concentration at 40.23 µg/mL. For fumigation toxicity, essential oils from 4 provinces (Gansu, Shandong, Sichuan and Henan) were observed with less than 10 min in knockdown time. The essential oil distilled from Gansu province displayed the highest repellent activity against Anopheles mosquitoes and provided similar level of protection as observed from DEET. Eucalyptol was the most toxic fumigant compound and phytol showed the strongest larvicidal activity among all tested mugwort essential oil constituents.
Trend of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in South Korea
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Song In-Ae 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examined and compared the clinical characteristics of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients who received and did not receive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. The national health insurance database of South Korea was used to obtain real-world data. All adult patients admitted to intensive care units for ARDS treatment between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2019 were included in this study. Of the 10,173 patients with ARDS included in the analysis, 740 (7.3%) received ECMO support for a mean duration of 1.6 days (standard deviation [SD]: 2.8 days) and were assigned to the ECMO group. The ECMO group had a significantly lower mean age at 57.0 years (SD: 15.7 years) than the non-ECMO group (71.8 Â years [SD: 15.1 Â years], P < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression, a 1-year increase in age was associated with a 5% lower prevalence of ECMO support. The annual case volume was classified into four groups by quartile ratio (Q1 [lowest], Q2, Q3, and Q4 [highest]), and Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups showed a higher prevalence of ECMO support than the Q1 group. ECMO support was also performed more frequently in high case volume centers than in low case volume centers for ARDS patients.
Demographics and histopathological characteristics of enucleated microphthalmic globes
Authors: Alkatan Hind M. , Bedaiwi Khalid M. , Al-Faky Yasser H. , Maktabi Azza M. Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrophthalmia is a rare ocular anomaly with a poorly understood etiology that is most likely related to heritable and/or environmental factors. Many papers have been published pertaining to the clinical manifestations and management of this condition; however, few reports have reported detailed histopathological findings, which are the focus of this study, in addition to highlighting the basic demographics in these cases. This was a retrospective, observational study of all consecutive enucleated microphthalmic globes (with or without cysts) at 2 tertiary eye hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Globes were classified into 2 groups: severe microphthalmos (axial length or mean diameter less than 10 mm in infancy or 12 mm after age 1 year) and mild microphthalmos based on larger measurements. Clinical and demographic data collected included sex, age at enucleation, eye involvement, nationality/region, consanguinity, family history of eye anomaly, pregnancy, systemic disease, or syndromes. For histopathological data, a descriptive analysis was mostly performed. For correlations of some of our qualitative data, Fisher’s exact test was used. Eleven cases (6 mild and 5 severe microphthalmos) were initially identified with a female to male ratio of 4:7. Ten patients were Saudis, 7 of whom were from the central region. Consanguinity was found in 36% (4/11), and 3 of them had other ocular or systemic abnormalities (duodenal atresia, microcephaly, kidney agenesis, cryptophthalmos, and dysmorphic facial features). Histopathological data were available for 10 cases, half of which showed a coloboma and/or anterior segment anomaly. There was no significant correlation among gender, severity of microphthalmos or the presence of coloboma, although severe microphthalmic globes had a higher median of abnormal intraocular structures (9-interquartile range = 2 compared to 6-interquartile range = 1 in the mild group). Aphakia was found in half of the globes with associated anterior segment dysgenesis. We have concluded that microphthalmos is a visually disabling congenital anomaly that can be isolated or associated with other periocular or systemic anomalies, possibly in relation to consanguinity in our cases. Congenital aphakia was found in half of these cases and was mostly associated with absent Descemet’s membrane and agenesis of anterior chamber angle structures, supporting previously suggested embryological concepts. These findings necessitate further wider genetic testing and proper premarital counseling in Saudi Arabia.
Dynamical shapes of droplets of cyclodextrin-surfactant solutions
Authors: Romero-Arias J. Roberto , Luviano Alberto S. , Costas Miguel , Hernandez-Machado Aurora , Barrio Rafael A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a series of experiments with droplets of aqueous cyclodextrin-surfactant solutions, in which the volume is reduced after the equilibrium spherical shape is reached. The final shape of the drop after this perturbation is found to be dependent on the concentration of inclusion complexes in the bulk of the solution. These inclusion complexes are formed by two cyclodextrin molecules and one surfactat molecule. We propose a model to describe these dynamical processes. Dipole–dipole interactions on the surface of the drop trigger a competition between water surface tension and dipole–dipole interaction energies. The results of the model reproduce the spherical and rod-like shapes found in the experiments.
Lyα irradiation of solid-state formamide
Authors: Suhasaria T. , Mennella V. 
Published: March 2022

Context. Formamide (NH2CHO) has been proposed as a potential prebiotic precursor in the scientific discourse on the origin of life. It has been observed in different environments in space, including protostellar regions and comets. The abundance and stability of NH2CHO in the early stages of star formation can be better understood by incorporating the formation and destruction data in astrochemical models.
Aims. We carried out an experimental investigation to study the destruction of pure NH2CHO ice at 12 K as a result of the interaction with Lyα (121.6 nm) photons.
Methods. We studied UV photo destruction of NH2CHO using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
Results. After UV processing, the intensity of NH2CHO IR bands decreased and new bands corresponding to HCN, CO, NH4+ OCN−, HNCO, and CO2 appeared in the spectrum. We then derived the destruction and cumulative product formation cross-sections.
Conclusions. A comparison of destruction rates derived from the cross-section in a cold and dense molecular cloud for different energetic processing agents reveals that UV photons induce NH2CHO destruction at a level that is one order of magnitude greater than that affected by cosmic rays; however, it is three orders of magnitude lower than that of H atoms.
Robust observable control of open and closed quantum systems
Authors: Bhutoria Vaibhav , Koswara Andrew , Chakrabarti Raj 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In recent work, we introduced the asymptotic theory of quantum robust control, which enables control of moments of quantum observables and gates in the presence of Hamiltonian uncertainty or field noise. In this paper, we extend this theory of quantum robust control to encompass two of the most important generalizations: robust control of arbitrary quantum observables and robust control of quantum systems sustaining environmental decoherence. In addition, we present deterministic Pareto optimization algorithms that can be applied in conjunction with either asymptotic or leading order measures of robustness. This enables robust control of any observable in quantum systems with any initial density matrix, and for which the entropy can change arbitrarily during the time evolution. Methods for robust optimal control of open quantum systems are presented that maximize the expected value of a quantum control objective while minimizing the expected environmentally induced decoherence.
Building production management competencies for building students: academia and construction industry perspectives
Authors: Obaju B.N. , Fagbenle O.I. , Amusan L.M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study examined the competencies required by building students for building production management and the barriers to their competency in the practice of building production management in the construction industry. Using a quantitative research method, a total of 302 construction professionals and 35 building programme lecturers completed a set of questionnaires survey. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as mean score and Mann Whitney test. Study findings identified setting out of different building types, interpretation of architectural drawings and specifications, tendering and contract processes, and construction of various components and effective communication on construction sites as the most significant competencies for building production management practice in the construction industry. However, the study discovered a significant difference in the competencies for building production management practice between construction professionals and building lecturers. Also, the study identified poor institutional and industry collaboration, underfunding of institutions, insufficient equipment and infrastructure for training, and theoretical training rather than practical training as the major barriers to the competency of building production management practice in the construction industry. The study suggested a more vital collaboration between the construction industry with tertiary institutions in needs assessment, funding, provision of infrastructures and involvement in the practical training of students