bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enfants perdus ou isolés pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: Chartain Lucile , Szollosi Vanessa 
Published: September 2022

Les sources relatives au rapatriement d’enfants en France depuis l’Allemagne, à l’issue de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, sont parfois difficiles à identifier en raison de leur dispersion dans les fonds d’archives des différents acteurs du processus. Aux Archives nationales, trois fonds méritent un éclairage particulier : les dossiers du bureau de l’enfance du ministère de la Santé et de la Population, le fonds de l’Organisation internationale des réfugiés (OIR) et les collections de la copie numérique des archives du Service international de recherches (SIR). La présentation de ces trois fonds précise l’historique de leur constitution et de leur conservation, leur mode d’organisation et le type de documents qu’ils renferment, ainsi que les éventuelles spécificités de chacun d’eux. Un exemple de reconstitution d’un parcours d’enfant illustre enfin l’intérêt de leur étude croisée.
Du droit naturel aux droits de l’humanité. La norme immanente du droit politique et la résistance à l’injustice chez Rousseau
Authors: Lenne-Cornuez Johanna 
Published: September 2022

Quoique Rousseau substitue la norme du droit politique à celle du droit naturel, sa position n’est assimilable ni au positivisme ni à un pur procéduralisme. La norme de justice immanente du contrat social produit une norme externe à tout ordre établi, permettant d’évaluer la justice des sociétés. Si le consentement n’est légitime qu’à la condition d’une réciprocité réelle, la limite du consentement se situe là où ce qui est perdu ne peut pas être compensé ni restitué sous une autre forme. Les droits de l’humanité peuvent alors être définis comme les droits inaliénables de tout individu : le droit à la vie et à la jouissance d’une égale liberté. Cette contribution cherchera à définir le droit de résistance qui peut être conçu à partir des droits de l’humanité, ainsi que les attitudes contestatrices de l’ordre établi que Rousseau envisage.
La métalogique de Jankélévitch. Néant, vie, pensée
Authors: Berland Frédéric 
Published: September 2022

L’importance des sources néoplatoniciennes de la philosophie première de Jankélévitch s’inscrit dans la lignée de l’enseignement de Bréhier qui le met sur la voie d’une « négation libératrice ». La fidélité à Bergson et la lecture de Schelling ne pouvaient néanmoins que reconduire la tentative de dépassement de la logique qui en résulte à une forme d’expérience pure qui recherche la plénitude dans une adéquation à la vie. Ainsi, « l’évanouissante entrevision » à laquelle Jankélévitch nous condamne à tendre sans jamais l’atteindre, rivés que nous sommes à notre finitude, marque-t‑elle tout autant une forme de distance vis-à-vis de la philosophie de Plotin. La compréhension de cet héritage critique pourra ainsi nous permettre de mieux cerner ce qui sépare le vitalisme de Jankélévitch de l’idéalisme néoplatonicien, c’est-à-dire ce qui demeure incompatible entre la logique de la vie et la dialectique de la pensée.
La morale et le Dieu sans être
Authors: Gutkin-Guinfolleau Pierre-Alban 
Published: September 2022

Cet article propose une interprétation de la métaphysique de Jankélévitch telle qu’elle se présente dans Philosophie première (1953). L’élaboration d’une déontologie métaphysique conduit Jankélévitch, par-delà le destin onto-théologique des métaphysiques classiques, à déployer une théologie « désontologisée », c’est-à-dire un discours sur Dieu dépouillé de l’être et de l’existence. Une telle détermination théologique de la métaphysique met alors nécessairement le métaphysicien à l’épreuve de l’expression de ce qui n’existe pas et qui pourtant fait exister. Ce que nous comprenons ainsi comme un échec du discours métaphysique sur son objet théologique, dans l’ordre de la métaphysique, possède toutefois une fonction dans l’œuvre de Jankélévitch : fournir son modèle à l’action morale humaine. Dans un double mouvement, cette lecture achemine donc la métaphysique vers la théologie, avant de redéployer la morale depuis cette théologie.
Jankélévitch et la musique, approche stylistique. Face au mystère, philosopher more poetico
Authors: Fiat Éric 
Published: September 2022

À la fois philosophe et pianiste, ayant beaucoup écrit sur la musique, Jankélévitch longtemps répugna à penser les rapports entre ses deux dilections. Lorsqu’il le fit, ce fut en termes bergsoniens : une certaine impuissance du logos à saisir l’essentiel est la chance du melos ; la pensée du temps comme durée le fait préférer la rhapsodie à la sonate. Mais Jankélévitch ne fit pas qu’écrire sur la musique : il parla, écrivit musicalement. Une approche stylistique tentera de montrer que c’est parce qu’il fut un philosophe du mystère et un moraliste de l’aporie qu’il lui fut impossible de philosopher autrement que more poetico.
Le paradoxe de la politique
Authors: Bruyeron Roger 
Published: September 2022

Vladimir Jankélévitch prétend qu’il n’a pas écrit une philosophie politique à la mesure de son engagement politique. Il semble bien qu’il en soit ainsi et rares sont les commentateurs de son œuvre qui ont traité de cet aspect de sa pensée. Le but de cette réflexion est de tenter de mettre fin à ce jugement en reprenant des analyses éparses qui forment en réalité une pensée politique précise et forte. Le philosophe a pris des positions, a affirmé des principes qui, selon nous, déterminent une pensée paradoxale de la politique, une pensée politique qui secrète en elle sa propre contradiction, ce que l’auteur a nommé le déchirement. En reprenant une expression de G. Simmel, nous soutiendrons que la pensée politique de V. Jankélévitch exprime la tragédie de la politique.
Pour sortir de l’impasse
Authors: Essemlali Lamya 
Published: September 2022

Dans notre époque où les désastres écologiques s’accumulent, s’engager dans l’action directe devient une nécessité. Politique, d’abord, pour lutter contre l’attentisme insupportable des dirigeants face à la catastrophe, mais aussi intime : en choisissant de vouer sa vie à la défense des océans, Lamya Essemlali, présidente de Sea Shepherd France, a d’abord répondu à une nécessité existentielle, celle de donner un sens à sa vie dans une époque qui œuvre à l’aseptiser. Avec cette lettre destinée à la jeune femme qu’elle était à 20 ans, Lamya Essemlali s’adresse à tous les hésitants, jeunes comme moins jeunes, pour montrer que la voie de l’engagement est aussi celle de l’épanouissement.
Investigation of Serum Interleukin 6, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and White Blood Cell Levels during the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paediatric Appendicitis Patients Before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gürünlüoglu Kubilay , Zararsiz Gökmen , Aslan Mehmet , Akbas Sedat , Tekin Mehmet , Gürünlüoglu Semra , Bag Harika Gözükara , Cin Ecem Serbest , Macit Bengü , Demircan Mehmet 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
In this study, we prospectively investigated changes in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and full white blood cell (WBC) counts during the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric patients with appendicitis. We also investigated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment processes of paediatric appendicitis patients.

Materials and Methods:
A non-perforated appendicitis group (n = 110), a perforated appendicitis group (n = 35) and an appendicitis + COVID-19 group (n = 8) were formed. Blood samples were taken upon admission and every day until the three studied parameters returned to normal values. To investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric appendicitis patients, the perforated appendicitis rates and the times from the onset of the first symptoms to the operation before and during the pandemic were compared.

Results:
WBC, IL-6, and hsCRP dropped below the upper limits on the second postoperative day in the non-perforated appendicitis group, four to six days postoperatively in the perforated appendicitis group, and three to six days postoperatively in the appendicitis + COVID-19 group. These parameters were not within normal range in patients who developed complications during follow-up. The time from the onset of abdominal pain to the surgery was significantly longer during than before the pandemic in both the non-perforated appendicitis group and the perforated appendicitis group.

Conclusions:
Our results show that WBC, IL-6, and hsCRP are useful laboratory parameters that can complete clinical examinations in the diagnosis of appendicitis in paediatric patients and the identification of complications that may develop postoperatively.
What's best, online or on-site? The write a scientific paper course
Authors: Grech Victor , Myatt Jeremy Borg , Cuschieri Sarah 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The ability to publish is a career-critical skill but requires the acquisition of a wide and disparate skill set. The Write a Scientific Paper (WASP) course was created in Malta in 2010, an intensive, three-day event. WASP is an accredited event held in Malta, London, and Bahrain. The COVID pandemic forced WASP to go online. This study compared satisfaction with WASP online as opposed to in-person by analyzing course feedback pre- and post-pandemic.

Methods:
Google forms are used to collect anonymous feedback on a Likert scale for various aspects of each WASP. The period 2017 to 2022 was used to compare four courses on-site and five courses online. Feedback on: Rate lectures, handouts, WASP overall and how likely are you to recommend WASP was compared.

Results:
Response rates were >60% and almost all Cronbach's Alpha values were >0.7. High satisfaction scores were achieved in all four questions (>4/5). There were no significant differences except in lectures, which scored well but fared slightly worse overall online.

Conclusions:
Migrating online does not necessarily lead to change/s in presentation contents but transforms delivery. Our results indicate that WASP is accepted online but the slightly lower lectures score implies that WASP might be better delivered in-person than online. However, students remained happy to recommend WASP and this accords with other studies that overall, student satisfaction with online education is common. It is hoped that as the pandemic recedes, webinars complement and not continue to totally replace traditional in-person meetings.
Feasibility of intraoperative quantitative neuromuscular blockade monitoring in children using electromyography
Authors: Owusu-Bediako Kwaku , Munch Ryan , Mathias Jay , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Quantitative train-of-four (TOF) monitoring remains essential in optimizing anesthetic outcomes by assessing the depth and recovery from neuromuscular blockade. Despite this, residual neuromuscular blockade, defined as a TOF ratio <0.90, remains a concern in both adult and pediatric patients. Quantitative TOF monitoring has seen limited use in infants and children primarily due to a lack of effective equipment. This study evaluates a new electromyography (EMG)-based TOF monitor in pediatric patients undergoing inpatient surgical procedures including laparoscopic (restricted arm access) surgery.

Methods:
Pediatric patients undergoing inpatient surgery requiring the administration of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) were enrolled. The EMG electrodes were placed along the ulnar nerve on the volar aspect of the arm to provide neurostimulation. The muscle action potentials from the abductor digiti minimi muscle were recorded. Neuromuscular responses were recorded by the device throughout surgery at 20-s intervals until after tracheal extubation. Data recorded on the monitor's built-in memory card were later retrieved and analyzed.

Results:
The study cohort included 100 pediatric patients (62% male). The average age was 11 years (IQR: 8, 13) and the average weight was 39.6 kg (30, 48.7). Automatic detection of supramaximal stimulus was obtained in 95% of patients. The muscle action potential mean baseline amplitude (in mV) was 7.5 mV (6, 9.2). The baseline TOF ratio was 100% (100, 104). After administration of a neuromuscular blocking agent, monitoring of the TOF ratio was successful in 93% of the patients. After antagonism of neuromuscular blockade, monitoring was possible in 94% of patients when using an upgraded algorithm. The baseline amplitude recovered to 6.5 mV (5, 7.8), and the TOF ratio recovered to a mean of 90.1% (90,97) before tracheal extubation.

Conclusion:
Our results indicate that neuromuscular monitoring can be performed intraoperatively in pediatric patients weighing between 20 and 60 kg using the new commercially available EMG-based monitor. Automatic detection of neuromuscular stimulating parameters (supramaximal current intensity level and baseline amplitude of the muscle action potential) by an adult neuromuscular monitor is feasible in pediatric patients receiving nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.
Effect of two different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on oxygenation and ventilation during pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery in children
Authors: Bhardwaj Neerja , Sarkar Soumya , Yaddanapudi Sandhya , Jain Divya 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used to attenuate the changes in respiratory parameters because of pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic (LAP) surgery. As the ideal level of PEEP during LAP in children is not known, this study compared the effect of 5- and 10–cm H2O of PEEP on oxygenation, ventilator, and hemodynamic parameters during pediatric LAP.

Method:
After obtaining approval from the Institute Ethics Committee and written informed parental consent, 30 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II children aged 2–10 years, undergoing LAP were randomized to receive PEEP of 5- or 10–cm H2O during pneumoperitoneum. Baseline hemodynamic and ventilatory parameters, PaO2, and PaCO2 were measured 2 min after tracheal intubation, 2 min and 1 h after pneumoperitoneum, and after deflation of pneumoperitoneum. Oxygenation index, dynamic compliance, and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (D (A-a) O2) were calculated at the above-mentioned time points. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test and repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.

Results:
The oxygenation index and D(A-a)O2 decreased in PEEP 5 Group and increased in PEEP 10 Group after pneumoperitoneum, the difference between the two groups being statistically significant (P = 0.001). The dynamic compliance decreased in PEEP 5 Group and increased or remained the same in PEEP 10 Group after pneumoperitoneum, the difference between the two groups being significant (P = 0.001). There were no significant changes in the hemodynamic parameters in the two groups.

Conclusion:
Use of 10-cm H2O PEEP during pneumoperitoneum in children improves ventilation and oxygenation, without significant hemodynamic changes.
Major depressive disorder (MDD), antidepressants, and uncontrolled hypertension
Authors: Paraskeva Anteia , Theodosopoulou Polyxeni 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents the leading cause of mental disability worldwide. While relations between MDD and alterations to the cardiovascular system have been studied before, the autonomic dysfunction caused by the disease and the medical therapies involved during treatment has not been widely reported. Our case aims to prove such linkage exists and is a potent hazard during major operative procedures.

Methods:
Studies have associated the disorder with a concomitant dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, predisposing patients to hypertension. We present the case of a patient presenting with an intraoperative hypertensive spike that could be attributed to such a dysregulation of the autonomic system, in the absence of any other possible explanation.

Results:
The observed intraoperative hypertensive spike was managed pharmacologically, and the patient did not experience any further hemodynamic instability or postoperative complications.

Conclusion:
Our case tries to highlight a disregarded aspect of perioperative management for patients suffering from MDD.
Low-dose spinal block combined with epidural volume extension in a high-risk cardiac patient
Authors: Almeida Carlos R. , Vieira Ligia S. , Cunha Pedro , Gomes Ana 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Anesthetic management of patients with severe cardiac disease can be challenging during prolonged surgical procedures. Thus, alternative neuraxial anesthetic techniques have been described to avoid general anesthesia in these patients.

Methods:
A case-based systematic literature review on low-dose spinal block combined with different methods of epidural block extension in high-risk cardiac patients was performed.

Results:
We describe the successful management of a patient with poor left ventricular function who underwent excision arthroplasty of an infected hip prosthesis under low-dose spinal block with levobupivacaine 5 mg and fentanyl 15 μg combined with saline epidural volume extension (EVE). Epidural ropivacaine 0.75% was administered as a bolus of 5 ml followed by an infusion at 5 ml/h later during the course of surgery.

Conclusions:
Although continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) or epidural anesthesia may limit hemodynamic instability, the possibility of devastating central nervous system infection may prevent CSA use, and epidural block alone may be less reliable than CSA. Epidural block alone may require large volumes of concentrated local anesthetic to obtain sacral block, which may produce hemodynamic instability. The EVE, particularly using saline EVE, has rarely been described in high-risk cardiac patients as an alternative to CSA or epidural block alone, with the intention to avoid general anesthesia, but it has demonstrated efficacy and a low rate of complications. Hemodynamic stability was maintained in most cases.
Rodent models of senile normal-pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Chen Li-Jin , Tsai Sheng-Tzung , Tseng Guo-Fang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its drainage are crucial in clearing metabolic waste and maintaining the microenvironment of the central nervous system for proper functioning. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a serious neurological disorder of the elderly with obstruction of CSF flow outside the cerebral ventricles, causing ventriculomegaly. The stasis of CSF in NPH compromises brain functioning. Although treatable, often with shunt implantation for drainage, the outcome depends highly on early diagnosis, which, however, is challenging. The initial symptoms of NPH are hard to be aware of and the complete symptoms overlap with those of other neurological diseases. Ventriculomegaly is not specific to NPH as well. The lack of knowledge on the initial stages in its development and throughout its progression further deters early diagnosis. Thus, we are in dire need for an appropriate animal model for researches into a more thorough understanding of its development and pathophysiology so that we can enhance the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of NPH following treatment. With this, we review the few currently available experimental rodent NPH models for these animals are smaller in sizes, easier in maintenance, and having a rapid life cycle. Among these, a parietal convexity subarachnoid space kaolin injection adult rat model appears promising as it shows a slow onset of ventriculomegaly in association with cognitive and motor disabilities resembling the elderly NPH in humans.
Role of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of cervical lymph node tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance
Authors: Mukhida Sahjid , Vyawahare Chanda R. , Mirza Shahzad Beg , Gandham Nageswari R. , Khan Sameena , Kannuri Sriram , Bhaumi Shalini 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
Tuberculosis (TB) of lymph node (TB lymphadenitis) is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) whose diagnosis is critically challenging. Although new diagnostic methods have been developed, especially in patients without a history of TB, the cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis diagnosis is still elusive. This study assessed the applicability of GeneXpert in early diagnosis of EPTB, especially cervical lymphadenopathy.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 at the department of microbiology. All the samples of cervical lymph node tissue and lymph node aspirate were followed as per the routine protocol for mycobacterial identification. The sample was divided into two parts: one was used for the new molecular-based GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and the second one was tested by direct and concentrated acid-fast bacilli microscopy by Z-N staining and culture for the detection of MTB.

Results:
Among the 145 samples tested, the GeneXpert detected the DNA of MTB in 89 samples (61.37%), whereas the culture test was positive in 42 (28.93%) specimens. GeneXpert also detected 7 rifampicin resistance cases. GeneXpert sensitivity and specificity results were assessed according to culture results. The sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert assay were 85.71% and 48.54%, respectively.

Conclusion:
GeneXpert MTB/RIF should be used in conjunction with clinical presentation and other molecular investigation in nonrespiratory specimens.
O logotipo do McDonald's na construção do conhecimento
Authors: Tramm Elda Vieira , Cunha Jussara Gomes Araújo 
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho descreve como é possível criar um ambiente de aprendizagem ao estudar a função polinomial do 2º grau, com o objetivo de dar significado às regras e fórmulas, memorizadas, no estudo do gráfico. Este foi desenvolvido com alunos de uma escola pública de Salvador, do 1º ano do Ensino Médio, criado em torno da construção do logotipo do M do McDonald onde o aluno foi o próprio autor desta construção. O material utilizado foi elaborado com o propósito de articular conceitos estudados, reflexões, interpretação e construção de um objeto que fizesse parte da realidade dos alunos. Os recursos utilizados foram: a figura do M do McDonald (tamanho reduzido), o software GeoGebra, o laboratório de informática, o livro didático, guião de perguntas desafiantes (orientando a investigação) durante a utilização do GeoGebra. Após a realização das atividades, foi possível constatar que os alunos ajudavam-se mutuamente e que quando se trabalha com um objeto do contexto real do aluno, as dificuldades , na sua grande maioria, em refletir sobre as definições e conceitos foram superadas e a utilidade do conhecimento, reconhecida. O papel do professor (fazendo devoluções) e, os guiões funcionaram como registro e fio condutor da investigação, foram determinantes para o envolvimento dos alunos uma vez que eles refletiram sobre seus conhecimentos e os reconstruíram. O estudo foi além quando os alunos aplicaram o conceito de vetor (translação horizontal) denominada por eles por arrastar a parábola construtivo deste ambiente. Neste contexto, nem o professor nem o aluno consegue parar de perguntar e investigar.