bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐ and multiple herbicide resistance in Lolium multiflorum across Uruguay
Authors: Marques Hill Sofía , Vila‐Aiub Martin , Hernández Manuel , Kaspary Tiago E. , García Milton A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerbicide resistance is currently one of the most important problems in agricultural systems, threatening their sustainability. In Uruguay, there have been increasing reports of herbicide failures to control LOLMU (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) populations. However, methodical characterization of herbicide resistance cases is lacking. Seeds from 66 LOLMU populations were collected from cropping fields and screened in greenhouse conditions with the recommended (1×) and half the recommended (1/2×) label dose of glyphosate, clethodim, pinoxaden and a formulation with iodosulfuron‐methyl‐sodium and mesosulfuron‐methyl (IodoMeso). Populations were classified as resistant when mortality was equal to or lower than 80% in response to 1× doses, assessed 28 days after treatment (DAT). Results show that 80% of LOLMU populations were resistant to glyphosate, followed by 49%, 36% and 24% resistance to IodoMeso, pinoxaden and clethodim respectively. Moreover, 52% of the tested populations were resistant to more than one herbicide, with an important frequency of populations resistant to glyphosate and IodoMeso (17%) and to all tested herbicides (16%). In addition, a high correlation of resistance levels was found between pinoxaden and clethodim resistant populations (R2 = 0.84). Geographic distribution of tested populations suggests that multiple herbicide resistance is concentrated in fields with a longer history of herbicide use. Overall, these results confirm that herbicide resistance in LOLMU is widespread in agricultural regions of Uruguay and that significant number of multiple resistance cases already exist and are expected to increase rapidly if management practices are not adjusted quickly and substantially. This survey represents a key input to improve herbicide‐resistant LOLMU management strategies.
The influence of Late Ordovician volcanism on the marine environment based on high-resolution mercury data from South China
Authors: Wang Yong , Tan Jingqiang , Wang Wenhui , Zhou Lian , Tang Peng , Kang Xun , Xie Wenquan , Wang Zhanghu , Dick Jeffrey 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVolcanic ash interbeds in the Late Ordovician strata in South China record highfrequency volcanic activity. To assess the impact of these volcanic events on the climate and marine biological evolutionary crisis during the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction (LOME), we present high-resolution measurements of mercury (Hg) concentrations and organic carbon isotope ratios (δ13Corg) in an Ordovician–Silurian sedimentary succession (Muchanggou section). The results show that high-frequency volcanic ash layers and Hg enrichments developed synchronously in the Katian graptolite P. pacificus (Lower Subzone) and T. typicus biozones and are coupled with a negative shift of ~1‰ in δ13Corg, which reflects the perturbation of the surface carbon and mercury cycles by intense volcanic activity. Based on volcanic Hg fluxes, it is estimated that more than 1.1 × 1013 tons of CO2 were emitted by the Katian volcanic activities in South China, which interrupted the growth of the polar ice sheet and the rapid cooling of tropical oceans in the mid-Boda event. As volcanism weakened, increased weathering led to the growth of the polar ice sheet and cooling in the Hirnantian. Both regional and global biodiversity declined rapidly with the end of volcanism, which suggests that the marine ecological crisis was related to a series of disruptions in biogeochemical cycles in the post-volcanic period.
On Coverings of Tori with Cubes
Authors: Bogdanov I. I. , Grigoryan O. R. , Zhukovskii M. E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We obtain new bounds and exact values of the minimum number of cubes with side length $$\varepsilon \in (0,\;1)$$ covering the torus $${{[\mathbb{R}{\text{/}}\mathbb{Z}]}^{3}}$$.
The impact of institutional delivery on neonatal and maternal health outcomes: evidence from a road upgrade programme in India
Authors: Shajarizadeh Ali , Grépin Karen Ann 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionPersistently high rates of neonatal and maternal mortality have been associated with home births in many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, causal evidence of the effect of institutional deliveries on neonatal and maternal health outcomes is limited in these settings.MethodsWe investigate the effect of institutional deliveries on neonatal mortality and maternal postpartum complications in rural India using data from the 2015–2016 Indian Demographic and Health Survey and an instrumental variable methodology to overcome selection bias issues inherent in observational studies. Specifically, we exploit plausibly exogenous variation in exposure to a road upgrade programme that quasi-randomly upgraded roads to villages across India.ResultsWe find large effects of the road construction programme on the probability that a woman delivered in a health facility: moving from an unconnected village to a connected village increased the probability of an institutional delivery by 13 percentage points, with the biggest increases in institutional delivery observed in public hospitals and among women with lower levels of education and from poorer households. However, we find no evidence that increased institutional delivery rates improved rates of neonatal mortality or postpartum complications, regardless of whether the delivery occurred in a public or private facility, or if it was with a skilled birth attendant.ConclusionPolicies that encourage institutional delivery do not always translate into increased health outcomes and should thus be complemented with efforts to improve the quality of care to improve neonatal and maternal health outcomes in LMICs.
Neurodevelopmental, cognitive, behavioural and mental health impairments following childhood malnutrition: a systematic review
Authors: Kirolos Amir , Goyheneix Magdalena , Kalmus Eliasz Mike , Chisala Mphatso , Lissauer Samantha , Gladstone Melissa , Kerac Marko 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSevere childhood malnutrition impairs growth and development short-term, but current understanding of long-term outcomes is limited. We aimed to identify studies assessing neurodevelopmental, cognitive, behavioural and mental health outcomes following childhood malnutrition.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health and PsycINFO for studies assessing these outcomes in those exposed to childhood malnutrition in low-income and middle-income settings. We included studies assessing undernutrition measured by low mid-upper arm circumference, weight-for-height, weight-for-age or nutritional oedema. We used guidelines for synthesis of results without meta-analysis to analyse three outcome areas: neurodevelopment, cognition/academic achievement, behaviour/mental health.ResultsWe identified 30 studies, including some long-term cohorts reporting outcomes through to adulthood. There is strong evidence that malnutrition in childhood negatively impacts neurodevelopment based on high-quality studies using validated neurodevelopmental assessment tools. There is also strong evidence that malnutrition impairs academic achievement with agreement across seven studies investigating this outcome. Eight of 11 studies showed an association between childhood malnutrition and impaired cognition. This moderate evidence is limited by some studies failing to measure important confounders such as socioeconomic status. Five of 7 studies found a difference in behavioural assessment scores in those exposed to childhood malnutrition compared with controls but this moderate evidence is similarly limited by unmeasured confounders. Mental health impacts were difficult to ascertain due to few studies with mixed results.ConclusionsChildhood malnutrition is associated with impaired neurodevelopment, academic achievement, cognition and behavioural problems but evidence regarding possible mental health impacts is inconclusive. Future research should explore the interplay of childhood and later-life adversities on these outcomes. While evidence on improving nutritional and clinical therapies to reduce long-term risks is also needed, preventing and eliminating child malnutrition is likely to be the best way of preventing long-term neurocognitive harms.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021260498.
The banana project: a qualitative study of caregivers’ and teachers’ experiences of preschool children participating in a free banana school fruit scheme in rural Tanzania
Authors: Ebitu Anne Katrine Sandnes , Fegran Liv , Haraldstad Kristin , Johannessen Berit , Chiduo Mercy Grace , Hovland Olav Johannes 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionGood nutrition is the foundation of sustainable growth and development among children. The United Nations aims to achieve food security and improve nutrition through its Sustainable Development Goal 2 - Zero Hunger. In close collaboration with local communities and authorities, the Tanga International Competence Centre, Tanzania, supports projects aimed at achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. One of their initiatives, The Banana Project, which is a free school fruit scheme, started in 2011 based on a recognised need for nutritional support among preschool children at a rural school in Tanga District. In the interest of improving nutrition, the free school fruit scheme provides one banana 5 school days a week to each child in the class. This study aimed to explore caregivers’ (parents and/or guardians) and teachers’ experiences with preschool children’s participation in the project, with a specific focus on nutrition and health.MethodsThis qualitative study was performed in 2017. A total of 16 semistructured indepth interviews with 14 caregivers and 2 teachers of the preschool children participating in the project were conducted. Data were analysed using a hermeneutic perspective.ResultsCaregivers and teachers of the preschool children participating in the intervention experienced that bananas (1) reduced children’s hunger and nutritional deficiency, (2) increased fruit intake and improved their appetite for other foods, (3) improved their physical health and provided energy, and (4) supported cognitive and socioemotional development.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the banana intervention has several benefits to preschool children and has an impact on their families. To improve health and reduce the risk of malnutrition of children in rural Tanzania, The Banana Project can be an recommended as a simple, cost-effective and sustainable health and nutrition promotion initiatives.
Endothelial dysfunction and increased carotid intima–media thickness in patients with spondyloarthritis without traditional cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Ben Tekaya Aicha , Boukriba Seif , Fendri Ahmed , Rouached Leila , Saidane Olfa , Bouden Selma , Tekaya Rawdha , Ben Salem Kamel , Mahmoud Ines , Habiba Mizouni , Abdelmoula Leila 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe aim of our study was to assess subclinical atherosclerosis in spondyloarthritis (SpA) by combining three ultrasound methods (flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) and Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)) and to determine the predictive factors of theses parameters.MethodsThis was a case control study conducted over 12 months including 47 patients with SpA-free-cardiovascular (CV) disease in comparison with age and sex matched 47 healthy controls. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological features as well as therapeutic modalities were recorded in our patients. All subjects had Doppler ultrasound with measurement of cIMT, FMD and ABI. Ultrasound measurements were compared between patients and controls. Linear regression was performed and assessed by machine learning to determine the predictive models of markers of subclinical atherosclerosis.ResultsWe found higher cIMT (p<0.0001), lower FMD (p=0.008) and higher left ABI (0.048) in patients with SpA compared with controls. cIMT was positively correlated to patient-related parameters (age, systolic blood pressure) and disease parameters (age at onset of SpA, disease duration and renal involvement). Biologically, cIMT was positively correlated with creatinine, blood-glocose, total cholesterol (CT) and CT/cholesterol-high density lipoprotein ratio. FMD was negatively correlated with male gender, age, systolic blood pressure, creatinine, blood glucose and Left Lequesne Index. ABI was significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure. Multiple regression analysis identified age, CT and creatinine as independents predictive factors for increased cIMT. Regarding endothelial dysfunction, blood glucose and Left Lequesne Index were the independents predictive factors of decreased FMD.ConclusionOur study supported the accelerated subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with SpA. This subclinical atherosclerosis was mainly mediated by traditional CV risk factors.
Operative rates in acute diverticulitis with concurrent small bowel obstruction
Authors: Glaser Jeffrey , Farrell Michael Steven , Caplan Richard , Rubino Matthew 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe prevalence of diverticulitis has steadily increased during the past century. One possible complication of large bowel diverticulitis (LBD) is the concurrent development of a small bowel obstruction (SBO). The literature regarding these joint diagnoses is primarily limited to small case series from the 1950s. Consequently, no official recommendations or recent literature exists to guide decision making.MethodsThis is a retrospective case–control study with 5:1 matching by demographics, comorbidities, and Hinchey classification of patients presenting with concomitant LBD and SBO and patients with LBD alone. The primary outcome assessed was the need for same admission surgical intervention.ResultsPatients with concurrent LBD and SBO were more likely to require surgical intervention (OR 4.2, p<0.001) and more likely to receive an open operation than patients with only LBD (p<0.001). The length of stay (LOS) was longer for LBD with SBO (mean LOS +3.2 days, p=0.003).DiscussionPatients with concurrent LBD and SBO are more likely to fail non-operative management. Given this, along with their longer LOS and higher rate of open surgery, earlier surgical intervention may improve outcomes and reduce hospital LOS.Level of evidence4.
Sustained Oncogenic Signaling in the Cytostatic State Enables Targeting of Nonproliferating Persistent Cancer Cells
Authors: Kim Lisa M. , Kim Paul Y. , Gebreyohannes Yemarshet K. , Leung Cheuk T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Many advanced therapeutics possess cytostatic properties that suppress cancer cell growth without directly inducing death. Treatment-induced cytostatic cancer cells can persist and constitute a reservoir from which recurrent growth and resistant clones can develop. Current management approaches primarily comprise maintenance and monitoring because strategies for targeting nonproliferating cancer cells have been elusive. Here, we used targeted therapy paradigms and engineered cytostatic states to explore therapeutic opportunities for depleting treatment-mediated cytostatic cancer cells. Sustained oncogenic AKT signaling was common, while nonessential, in treatment-mediated cytostatic cancer cells harboring PI3K-pathway mutations, which are associated with cancer recurrence. Engineering oncogenic signals in quiescent mammary organotypic models showed that sustained, aberrant activation of AKT sensitized cytostatic epithelial cells to proteasome inhibition. Mechanistically, sustained AKT signaling altered cytostatic state homeostasis and promoted an oxidative and proteotoxic environment, which imposed an increased proteasome dependency for maintaining cell viability. Under cytostatic conditions, inhibition of the proteasome selectively induced apoptosis in the population with aberrant AKT activation compared with normal cells. Therapeutically exploiting this AKT-driven proteasome vulnerability was effective in depleting treatment-mediated cytostatic cancer cells independent of breast cancer subtype, epithelial origin, and cytostatic agent. Moreover, transient targeting during cytostatic treatment conditions was sufficient to reduce recurrent tumor growth in spheroid and mouse models. This work identified an AKT-driven proteasome-vulnerability that enables depletion of persistent cytostatic cancer cells harboring PTEN–PI3K pathway mutations, revealing a viable strategy for targeting nonproliferating persistent cancer cell populations before drug resistance emerges.

Significance:
This study finds that sustained oncogenic signaling in therapy-induced cytostatic cancer cells confers targetable vulnerabilities to deplete persistent cancer cell populations and reduce cancer recurrence.
CDK4/6 Inhibition Enhances Oncolytic Virus Efficacy by Potentiating Tumor-Selective Cell Killing and T-cell Activation in Refractory Glioblastoma
Authors: Xiao Jingshu , Liang Jiaming , Fan Junjie , Hou Panpan , Li Xiaodong , Zhang Haipeng , Li Kai , Bu Lang , Li Ping , He Miao , Zhong Yongheng , Guo Liping , Jia Penghui , Xiao Qiaoqiao , Wu Junyu , Peng Hong , Li Chunmei , Xing Fan , Guo Deyin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most aggressive human cancers. Although oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has been proposed as a potential approach to treat GBM, it frequently fails because GBM cells are usually nonpermissive to OV. Here, we describe a dual-step drug screen for identifying chemical enhancers of OV in GBM. From a high-throughput screen of 1416 FDA-approved drugs, an inhibitor of CDK4/6 was identified as the top enhancer, selectively increasing potency of two OV strains, VSVΔ51 and Zika virus. Mechanistically, CDK4/6 inhibition promoted autophagic degradation of MAVS, resulting in impaired antiviral responses and enhanced tumor-selective replication of VSVΔ51 in vitro and in vivo. CDK4/6 inhibition cooperated with VSVΔ51 to induce severe DNA damage stress and amplify oncolysis. In GBM xenograft models, combined treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitor and VSVΔ51 significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Further investigation revealed that CDK4/6 inhibitor and VSVΔ51 synergistically induced immunogenic cell death and boosted antitumor immunity. Together, this study features a promising approach of treating aggressive GBM through the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitor with OV.

Significance:
This study proposes inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases as a clinically translatable combinatorial strategy to enhance the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy in GBM.
Association between Body Mass Index and Risk of Gastric Cancer by Anatomic and Histologic Subtypes in Over 500,000 East and Southeast Asian Cohort Participants
Authors: Jang Jieun , Lee Sangjun , Ko Kwang-Pil , Abe Sarah K. , Rahman Md. Shafiur , Saito Eiko , Islam Md. Rashedul , Sawada Norie , Shu Xiao-Ou , Koh Woon-Puay , Sadakane Atsuko , Tsuji Ichiro , Kim Jeongseon , Oze Isao , Nagata Chisato , Tsugane Shoichiro , Cai Hui , Yuan Jian-Min , Gao Yu-Tang , Ozasa Kotaro , Matsuyama Sanae , Kanemura Seiki , Shin Aesun , Ito Hidemi , Wada Keiko , Sugawara Yumi , Chen Yu , Ahsan Habibul , Boffetta Paolo , Chia Kee Seng , Matsuo Keitaro , Qiao You-Lin , Rothman Nathaniel , Zheng Wei , Inoue Manami , Kang Daehee , Park Sue K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground:This study was performed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and gastric cancer in East and Southeast Asia where most of gastric cancer is non-cardia gastric cancer.Methods:On the basis of 8,997 gastric cancer cases among the Asia Cohort Consortium participants from China, Japan, Korea, and Singapore (N = 538,835), we assessed gastric cancer risk according to BMI by calculating hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results:A U-shaped associations between BMI and gastric cancer risk were observed. Gastric cancer risks in underweight group (&lt;18.5 kg/m2) and in obesity group (≥27.5 kg/m2) were higher than reference BMI group (23–24.9 kg/m2; HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05–1.25 for underweight; HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03–1.22 for obesity, respectively). The associations of underweight and obesity with gastric cancer risk were consistent in the analyses for non-cardia gastric cancer, intestinal-type gastric cancer, and late-onset gastric cancer. No significant association of underweight and obesity with the risk of cardia gastric cancer, diffuse-type gastric cancer, and early-onset gastric cancer was observed. In addition, we found that the U-shaped association between BMI and gastric cancer risk remained in nonsmokers, while only underweight was related to increased gastric cancer risk in smokers.Conclusions:BMI has a U-shaped association with gastric cancer risk in East and Southeast Asian population, especially for the non-cardia gastric cancer, intestinal-type gastric cancer, and late-onset gastric cancer.Impact:Future studies with consideration of anatomic location and histology of gastric cancer are needed to establish the association of underweight as well as obesity with gastric cancer risk.
Targeting Ferroptosis Vulnerability in Synovial Sarcoma: Is It All About ME1?
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Gan Boyi 
Published: July 2022

SummaryUnderstanding metabolic dependencies and their therapeutic vulnerabilities is key to precision oncology. Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is frequently overexpressed in cancers with protumorigenic effects. In contrast, consistent loss of ME1 expression in synovial sarcoma compared with other sarcomas indicates a unique ferroptosis liability for precision therapy in this form of cancer.See related article by Brashears et al., p. 3573
The Combination of Radiotherapy and Complement C3a Inhibition Potentiates Natural Killer cell Functions Against Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sodji Quaovi H. , Nambiar Dhanya K. , Viswanathan Vignesh , von Eyben Rie , Colburg Deana , Binkley Michael S. , Li Caiyun G. , Olcina Monica M. , Chang Daniel T. , Le Quynh-Thu , Giaccia Amato J. 
Published: July 2022

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, against which current immunotherapy strategies are not effective. Herein, we analyzed the immune cell composition of the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas and found that the presence of intratumoral natural killer (NK) cells correlates with survival. Subsequent analysis also indicated that NK cell exclusion from the microenvironment is found in a high percentage of clinical pancreatic cancers and in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Mechanistically, NK cell exclusion is regulated in part by complement C3a and its receptor signaling. Inhibition of the C3a receptor enhances NK cell infiltration in syngeneic mouse models of pancreatic cancer resulting in tumor growth delay. However, tumor growth inhibition mediated by NK cells is not sufficient alone for complete tumor regression, but is potentiated when combined with radiotherapy. Our findings indicate that although C3a inhibition is a promising approach to enhance NK cell–based immunotherapy against pancreatic cancer, its combination with radiotherapy holds greater therapeutic benefit.Significance:Immunotherapeutic agents are not effective against pancreatic cancer. We show that the inhibition of complement C3a enhances NK cell infiltration in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer, resulting in tumor growth delay. This effect is further potentiated by radiotherapy, thereby leading to significant antitumor activity compared with either therapy alone.