bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquids Level Calculation in Loaded Gas Wells from Surface Data Using Combined Analytical Modeling of Gaseous Static Liquids Gradient: Part 2
Authors: Nagoo Anand S. , Harms Larry K. , Hearn William J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As the second part of this series, we apply our much improved understanding of gas flow through static recirculating liquid columns and analytical countercurrent multiphase flow modeling to both conventional and unconventional horizontal gas well liquids loading and a deep dive of the process of wellbore liquids flow reversal post-loading.
This part of our work focuses on a step change in understanding the aspect of multiphase flow that is most pertinent to artificial lift - countercurrent liquids loading and gas flow through liquid columns. It is shown that traditional concurrent flow principles and flow pattern maps used in prior commonly used flowing bottom hole pressure correlations do not apply and cannot explain the changing dual pressure gradient profiles in loaded gas wells as a result of flow reversal. Therefore, this work lays the foundation for a change in conversation and focus among the artificial lift community towards countercurrent and static liquid column multiphase flow behaviors prevalent in all liquids-producing gas wells.
We show and field-validate a new computational ability to perform multiphase countercurrent liquids loading calculations that dynamically loads a gas well tubing/casing and the calculations of total pressure gradient that varies with the increasing gas holdup along the static liquid columns of these wells. Additionally, we analyze the process of countercurrent flow and put forward a redefinition of onset of liquids flow reversal in the proper context of prior studies in this field. Our results are used to simulate the liquid levels in loaded gas wells from only basic surface field data. This represents an advance towards low-cost, low-carbon gas well production optimization and the opportunity of simulation-based real-time downhole diagnostics to determine digital liquid levels and reliably accurate FBHP in loaded gas wells without the high-carbon costs of wellsite visits and equipment runs. In terms of reliable digital twin applications for gas wells producing liquids, our new method can be performed in an autonomous way on a wellhead - a sort of "gas well liquid level digital sensor" - a solution that takes advantage of available SCADA surface data and converts it to automated calculations of downhole pressures, flow rates and well liquid levels in response to dynamic well operating conditions.
For the first time in the industry, we present in this work a simultaneous calculation of loaded gas well FBHP and gaseous liquids level from only surface data. In either cases of liquids loaded gas wells or pumping oil wells with gaseous liquid columns above them, the significant pressure gradient (delta-P) that gaseous liquid columns impose on the formation is of great importance in correctly understanding and analyzing well supply capacity and enhancing downhole production rates during production operations.
New Mechanism of Sand Management Above ESPs: Cases Study in Colombia
Authors: Delgado Anderson , Espinosa Jorge , Hernandez Maria , Gonzalez Gustavo , Guanacas Luis , Aya William , Perdomo Juan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the most expensive artificial lift systems in the oil industry is the Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) system, hence the unavoidable need of extending the run life of wells that have installed this system. Following the need of extending the run life, a sand regulator has been designed to protect the pump during shutdowns, and it has been incorporated into traditional sand control configurations to offer extensive protection above and below the pump.
This paper will explain the mechanism of the sand regulator as well as the benefit of installing this system alone above the pump or complemented with a sand control system below the pump. The candidate wells to this integrated solution were selected from MMV (Middle Magdalena Valley) and Putumayo Basins, in Colombia. The wells had sand problems history and it was necessary to review pump designs, pulling reports and sensor parameters. Well conditions such as production, tubing size, and particle size distribution were analyzed to build the best design for every single well. In the design the geometry of the well was assessed to accommodate the cable and CT (Capillary tube) line downhole.
The ADN Field in Colombia is characterized by heavy oil production (API between 13-18°), with fluid production between 1,000-2,000 BFPD, with a viscosity of 270 - 3090 cP @ 122°F, water cuts oscillating depending on the waterflooding effect (Between 1% to 95%) and high fine sand production (200 – 24,000 ppm). The CH Field wells produce between 1,000 – 6,000 BFPD, with API between 17-20°, high water cuts (&gt; 77%) and a high sand production between 100 – 3,000 ppm. The wells selected had other type of sand control and management systems and were highly affected by frequent shutdowns. The Sand Regulator design was installed in 20 wells and was compared with the performance achieved using traditional sand control solutions. After the installation, production has remained stable in all the wells applied, allowing to reduce the PIP of the well of up to 400 psi. Less current consumption has been observed after each shutdown in all the wells, extending the run life of some wells up to double the average. Sensor parameters were analyzed after each pump restart to determine how difficult it was to restart operation after shutdowns.
Compared to the tools installed above the ESP, this sand regulator allows flushing operation through it with flow ranges from 0.5 to 5 bpm. In addition, the unconventional design of this tool has opened the door to a new concept of ESP protection that works in wells with light or heavy oil and can be refurbished or inspected completely without cutting the tool.
Application of a Mechanistic PAGL Simulation Tool to San Juan Field Operations
Authors: Sayman Ozan , Jones Kelsey , Hale Ryan , Pereyra Eduardo , Sarica Cem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A mechanistic plunger lift tool was developed to estimate cycle mechanics, liquid unloading, and avoid well integrity issues. The study focuses on the plunger-assisted gas lift (PAGL) wells operated with the two-piece plunger under low tubing wellhead pressure conditions.
The fall and upstroke stages of two-piece plungers were analyzed for eleven wells from San Juan Basin. The fall velocity estimation for plunger parts was modeled for; shut-in, transitional and multiphase flow conditions. Fall and upstroke velocities were estimated using drag-based models that feature drag coefficient, wall factor, and two-phase correction. The field data up to three years from each well was compared with the PAGL Tool estimations. The downhole pressure gauge data was analyzed and compared with plunger liquid slug estimations for two wells. Plunger inspection data and shut-in, afterflow time effects on liquid loading and plunger cycle time were investigated.
The PAGL Tool estimations for full-cycle times were in fair agreement with daily production and plunger lift data of 10 of the 11 wells. The field data and tools estimations for 2- 7/8 in tubing show that two-piece plungers can fall against 600 STB/d liquid and 2 mmscf/d gas production rates with little to no shut-in times, and lower operational boundary for surfacing can be as low as 300 mscf/d without requiring a pressure buildup. The lower gas production being sufficient for upstroke movement increases the operational range of PAGL. The main reason was the low wellhead pressure, which causes gas expansion and higher gas velocity along the well to increase drag force hence the upstroke capability of PAGL with lower gas production rates. The downhole pressure data was compared with multiphase flow simulation with plunger hydrostatic pressure removal. Higher afterflow time settings were shown to be increasing the arrival time data, which suggests a growth of the liquid accumulation at the bottom hole.
Field data shows that plunger lift operation is not limited to wells with marginal production, and it can be used before liquid loading conditions. The hydrostatic pressure removal with plunger lift is shown with field data analysis and plunger lift tool estimations. The study presents that the continuous flow plunger lift operational range can be extended to lower production rates if lower wellhead pressure is achieved.
Update of Field Experience with Hydraulically Regulated Progressing Cavity Pumps
Authors: Skoczylas Paul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The patented hydraulically regulated progressing cavity pump (HRPCP) has been tested previously in the oilfield, but its range of application is being expanded. The HRPCP can be used in any well where a PCP would be installed and provides added protection in cases where significant free gas may be present. It is as effective as a standard PCP in pumping high viscosity fluids or fluids with high solids content, or both. It retains its effectiveness as a pump even when no gas is present, although its primary benefit is the increase in PCP run-life when there is free gas present at the pump intake. The present study is to evaluate the performance of the HRPCP in new applications around the world.
Previous publications on the HRPCP have looked at installations in Argentina, Venezuela, and Kuwait. There are now installations in coal seam gas (CSG) in Queensland, Australia, gassy oil wells in Colombia, and heavy oil wells in the Lloydminster area of Canada, and in wells in the newer operations in the Clearwater formation near Slave Lake in Alberta, Canada. In Canada in particular, there have been 27 installations in thirteen fields by six oil companies at the time this paper was prepared.
In Colombia, the HRPCPs were installed in new wells that were expected to produce high gas volumes while still producing some sand. In the Australian CSG wells, operators wanted to land the pumps higher in the well to avoid solids problems, knowing that this would result in higher gas volume fraction at the pump intake, so the HRPCP was chosen. In the Canadian heavy oil areas, there can be a higher GOR in many wells than there was in the past, so the gas fraction at the pump intake can now be a larger factor in PCP run-life than in the past. In some of the Canadian wells, the performance data of the previous installation is available for a direct comparison.
Overall, the run-life of the HRPCP has been excellent in comparison to either expectations or to the run-life of previous PCPs in the same wells or fields. In one example well, the previous PCP suffered a significant drop in efficiency (from 60% to 10%) after 90 days. The HRPCP that followed it has been running at 70% efficiency for over 180 days (and still going). In Colombia, the operator saw reduced load on the pump due to the "gas lift" effect from the gas going through the pump and up the tubing, while exceeding expectations for run-life.
Functional interdependence of the actin regulators CAP1 and cofilin1 in control of dendritic spine morphology
Authors: Heinze Anika , Schuldt Cara , Khudayberdiev Sharof , Bommel Bas van , Hacker Daniela , Schulz Toni , Stringhi Ramona , Marcello Elena , Mikhaylova Marina , Rust Marco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The vast majority of excitatory synapses are formed on small dendritic protrusions termed dendritic spines. Dendritic spines vary in size and density that are crucial determinants of excitatory synaptic transmission. Aberrations in spine morphogenesis can compromise brain function and have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Actin filaments (F-actin) are the major structural component of dendritic spines and therefore actin-binding proteins (ABP) that control F-actin dis-/assembly moved into the focus as critical regulators of brain function. Studies of the past decade identified the ABP cofilin1 as a key regulator of spine morphology, synaptic transmission and behavior, and they emphasized the necessity for a tight control of cofilin1 to ensure proper brain function. Here, we report spine enrichment of cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), a conserved multidomain protein with largely unknown physiological functions. Super-resolution microscopy and live cell imaging of CAP1-deficient hippocampal neurons revealed impaired synaptic F-actin organization and dynamics associated with alterations in spine morphology. Mechanistically, we found that CAP1 cooperates with cofilin1 in spines and that its helical folded domain is relevant for this interaction. Moreover, our data proved functional interdependence of CAP1 and cofilin1 in control of spine morphology. In summary, we identified CAP1 as a novel regulator of the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton that is essential for synaptic cofilin1 activity.
Degradation of iprodione by a novel strain Azospirillum sp. A1-3 isolated from Tibet
Authors: Pan Hu , Zhu Bei-ke , Li Jin , Zhou Zi-Qiong , Bu Wen-Bin , Dai Yan-na , Lu Xiang-Yang , Liu Hu-Hu , Tian Yun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A bacterial strain A1-3 with iprodione-degrading capabilities was isolated from the soil for vegetable growing in greenhouses at Lhasa, Tibet. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genotypic data, strain A1-3 was considered to represent a novel species of genus Azospirillum. It was able to use iprodione as the sole source of carbon and energy for growth, 27.96 mg/L iprodione was reduceded within 108 h at 25℃. During the degradation of iprodione by Azospirillum sp. A1-3, iprodione was firstly degraded to N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-dioxoimidazolidine, and then to (3,5-dichlorophenylurea) acetic acid. However, (3,5-dichlorophenylurea) acetic acid cannot be degraded to 3,5-dichloroaniline by Azospirillum sp. A1-3. Azospirillum novel strains with the ability of iprodione degradation associated with nitrogen fixation has never been reported to date, and Azospirillum sp. A1-3 might be a promising candidate for application in the bioremediation of iprodione-contaminated environments.
Development and evaluation of an electronic diagnostic algorithm using a combination of a two-step malaria rapid diagnostic test detecting PfHRP2 and pLDH, biomarkers and bacterial pathogen specifics point of care tests for the management of febrile illnesses in children from 6 to 59 months attending outpatient facilities in Burkina Faso.
Authors: Kiemde Francois , Compaore Adelaide , Koueta Fla , Some Athanase M. , Kabore Berenger , Valia Daniel , Rouamba Toussaint , Bocoum Fadima Yaya , Sawadogo Seydou , Nana Macaire , Some Diane Y , Kone Nadine A. , Pagbeleguem Valentin , Sangare Inoussa , Bere Antonia W. , Bonko Massa dit Achille , Tougri Gautier , Youl Sylvie Yeri , Schallig Henk , Tinto Halidou 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
• Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), febrile illnesses remain a major public health problem in children. However, the persistence of hrp2 antigen and the low sensitivity of pLDH RDT negatively affect antimalarials and antibiotics prescription practices. These limitations lead to poor management of febrile diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To improve the diagnosis of these febrile diseases and subsequent prescription of antimicrobials, it is hypothesized that the implementation of an algorithm including a two-step malaria RDT PfHRP2/pLDH supported by point-of-care (PoC) tests for bacterial infections could significantly improve the management of febrile diseases and thereby tackling AMR.• Methods: To assess the value of the proposed algorithm, an open-label randomized controlled trial with three arms, enrolling febrile children from 6 to 59 months is proposed.- In the control arm, febrile children will be managed according to the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI), which is part of the standard of care in Burkina Faso. Treatment will be done according to national guidelines.- In RDTs decisional algorithm (RDT-DA) arm (intervention), the clinical examination based on IMIC will be supported by a two-step malaria RDT and bacterial infections RDTs. Prescription will be left to the discretion of the healthcare workers based on clinical examination and PoC test results- In e-algorithm arm (intervention), artificial intelligence integrating multiple layers of clinical information such as clinical examination, signs/symptoms and medical history, and biological information such as biomarkers (CRP and WBC) and pathogen specific PoC tests, and oximetry will be developed. The e-algorithm will serve to guide the diagnostic and management of febrile infections in children.In the 3 arms, the case report forms will be digitalized. A final follow-up visit (day 7) will be scheduled for all participants. Patients will be asked to come back to the health facilities before the scheduled visit if the symptoms persist or in case of health condition worsening.• Discussion: If successful, this study could contribute to improve the management of febrile diseases and reduce inappropriate use of antimicrobials. • Trial registration: The trial is registered at ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT05285657. Enrolment started on 4th March 2022 with long term outcome being assessed completely by 2023
Descriptive analysis of Snakebite surveillance data in North Bank West Region, The Gambia, 2017 – 2021
Authors: Njie Modou K.O. , Kebbeh Abou , Fofana Modou Lamin , Adewuyi Peter , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Snakebites affect about 5.4 million people worldwide resulting in over 137,880 deaths per year. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the incidence of snakebite cases is generally underestimated despite the adverse effect of snakebite when it occurs. We therefore conducted this study to describe the incidence of snakebites in the North Bank West Region of the Gambia.
Methods
We reviewed snakebite surveillance data from 2017 to 2021 as recorded in health facility registers in North Bank West Region of The Gambia. Variables extracted were age, sex, date reported, health facility name, district of residence, and case outcome. We summarized the data by person, place, and time and results were presented using frequencies and proportions in tables, charts, graphs and maps.
Results
A total of 197 cases were reported, the median age was 20 (IQR:13–30) years, and males were 69.0% (136/197). 35.0% (69/197) of snakebite victims were between age group 10–19 years of age. The 5-year incidence rate was 31 snakebite cases per 100,000 population with a case fatality ratio of 4.1%. Jokadou District recorded the highest number of incidences (14 cases per 10,000) in 2017. 72.6% (143/197) of the snakebites occurred during the rainy season (June-October). The year 2020 recorded the highest incidence of snakebite in the region, 59 snakebite cases per 100,000 population.
Conclusion
There was a high incidence of snakebite cases recorded and Jokadou District recording the highest with the peak occurring during the rainy season. We recommend that the Regional Health Directorate work with health facilities to regularly organize health education activities for the communities, especially during the start of the rainy season.
Correlation analysis between the use of digital devices and neck and shoulder pain among college students and lifestyle education
Authors: Wang Weiheng , Zhang Yongxing , Liu Yi , Wang Xinyu , Lv Chencong , Bin Xiao , Xi Yanhai , Xu Guohua , Deng Guoying , Ye Xiaojian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is frequent complaint among college students, especially neck and shoulder pain (NSP). No study so far has demonstrated a correlation between the use of digital devices and the prevalence of NSP among college students in China. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey investigating this relationship among college students in Shanghai was urgently needed.Objective: The relationship between digital device usage, lifestyle, and the prevalence of self-reported NSP among college students in Shanghai, and neck muscle activity of different degrees of spinal curvature was investigated to provide suggestions for healthy spinal curvature lifestyle education. Methods: 6000 students were randomly enrolled, and a self-reported questionnaire was conducted to assess the prevalence and severity of NSP. The students’ demographic characteristics, habits of using digital devices, and lifestyles were recorded. c2 tests were used to compare the prevalence of NSP; univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for NSP. A musculoskeletal model of the standard human body was established with the AnyBody platform to test the neck muscle activity of different degrees of spinal curvature.Results: Among the 4848 college students (80.8%) who completed the survey, the prevalence of NSP was 39.1%, with more girls (45.0%) reporting NSP than boys (32.4%). The logistic regression indicated that gender, inappropriate posture and using digital devices for long time had a significant correlation with NSP. Neck muscle activity increased as spinal inclination increased based on the AnyBody platform.Conclusion: NSP seems to be a common condition among college students in Shanghai. Gender, inappropriate posture and using digital devices for long time are closely associated with NSP. The greater the anterior cervical and lumbar flexion, the higher the activity of cervical muscles. Healthy lifestyle education should be used to decrease the NSP among college students.
How entanglements determine the morphology of
semicrystalline polymers
Authors: Wang Zefan , Schäfer Mareen , Petzold Albrecht , Saalwächter Kay , Thurn-Albrecht Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Crystallization of polymers from entangled melts generally leads to the formation of semicrystalline materials with a nanoscopic lamellar morphology. Controlling this structure is key to the rational design, application and possible reuse of thermoplastic
materials, but there is no consensus yet on the factors that control the thickness of the amorphous layers. We elucidate the effect of entanglements on the morphology in a series of model blends of high-molecular-weight polymers with unentangled
oligomers leading to a reduced entanglement density as characterized by rheological measurements in the melt. Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments after isothermal
crystallization reveal a reduced thickness of the amorphous layers, while the crystal thickness remains largely unaffected. A simple yet quantitative model without adjustable parameter is suggested, according to which the measured thickness of the
amorphous layers adjusts itself in such a way that the entanglement concentration reaches a specific maximum value.
Decreasing hazards from glacial lakes in Alaska since the 1960s
Authors: Rick Brianna , McGrath Daniel , McCoy Scott , Armstrong William 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As ice retreats due to climate change, glacial lakes can form and grow. Rapid lake drainage can produce devastating outburst floods leading many to propose that hazards from glacial lakes are increasing. Outburst flood compilations do show an increase in number of events over time, however, recent studies attribute such trends to observational bias. This leaves large uncertainty about current and future glacial-lake hazards. Here, we focus on ice-dammed lake drainages in Alaska, as a third of documented events globally occurred in this region. Using multitemporal satellite imagery, we documented 1150 drainages from 106 lakes over 1985–2020, with an apparent increase in event frequency. However, accounting for increasing number of satellite images, we find no temporal trend in drainage frequency. Furthermore, we document a loss of >75% of ice-dammed lakes since the 1960s. This suggests a decrease in regional flood hazard and motivates an unbiased look at other regions.