bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Health Monitoring of civil structures through FEM high-fidelity modelling
Authors: Mirasoli G , Brutti C , Groth C , Mancini L , Porziani S , Biancolini M E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
FEM high-fidelity modeling is a useful method for evaluating the dynamic behavior of civil structures and their state of damage through the processing of real-time vibration data in the frame of the general Structural Health Monitoring. The development of reliable digital twin involves the use of high-fidelity models, which must be validated with experimental data. In this study, a prototype of a bridge, composed by a frame structure of steel beams and a slab made in concrete and asphalt, was considered. Two of the main beams have a bolted connection that have been used to simulate a local damage of the structure. FEM models have been validated with experimental data, thus they are able to evaluate both static and dynamic behavior of the bridge and its state of health, referred to benchmark structure. The bridge was degraded considering the breakage of one or more plates of the bolted connection, or an accidental overload capable of creating plastic deformations. The proposed models identify damage of the structure through two different methods: shift of natural frequencies, and evaluation of frequency response of the structure (FRF) at the sensor nodes. The second method is more suitable since the variations of observed variables is more consistent. Therefore, with these models, it is possible to carry out monitoring operations for the predictive maintenance of the structure and defining the limits that the observed variables can undergo in order to still consider the structure suitable for the operating loads.
Experimental investigation on crack propagation paths in spur gears
Authors: Curà F , Mura A , Corsaro L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Spur gears subjected to bending fatigue may nucleate cracks at the tooth root fillet. In thin rim gears these cracks may propagate in a safe way (through the tooth) or in catastrophic way (through the rim). Crack propagation direction is mainly influenced by both wheel geometry parameters and crack initiation point, as already pointed out by theoretical and numerical results available in literature. Aim of this work is to set up an experimental activity in order to verify the onset of the bending crack and its propagation path in spur gears with different geometries. In particular, a special device connected to a standard fatigue machine was realized to perform bending tests for both standard and thin rim gears. During bending tests, an IR thermocamera was utilized to monitor the surface thermal profile in the tooth root fillet zone.
Multiscale stress analysis of porosity clusters as mechanical models of degenerated graphite defects in cast iron
Authors: Rizzoni R , Livieri P , Tovo R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We extend previous results for the stress analysis of a cluster of degenerated graphite in spheroidal cast iron, modelled as a multiscale three-dimensional composite. At the microscale, precipitates of degenerated graphite are modelled as spheroidal voids in a linear elastic matrix. At the mesoscale, clusters of degenerated graphite are aggregates of spheroidal voids. These aggregates are studied by means of a numerical analysis based on finite element simulations. As a second approach, the clusters are seen as homogeneous inclusions made of an equivalent porous elastic material. The average elastic properties of the porous material are calculated using an approach proposed by Tandon and Weng and based on Eshelby’s equivalent principle and Mori-Tanaka’s estimate. Comparison of the two approaches gives encouraging results in terms of average properties.
Corrosion Resistance Behaviour of recycled AlSi10Mg alloy: Surface Morphology and Acoustic Emission Investigation
Authors: Barile C , Casavola C , Vimalathithan PK , Renna G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The corrosion resistance behaviour of recycled AlSi10Mg alloy prepared using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process is investigated. The specimens are exposed to salt solution attack (5% NaCl) atomized in uniform droplets, inside a controlled Salt Spray Test (SST) chamber for 1000 h. The surface morphology of the specimens exposed to different predefined exposure times (0 h, 6 h, 48 h, 168 h, 480 h and 1000 h) are investigated under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The SEM micrographs shows the salient features of the corrosion attack such as the formation both of pits and corrosion products on samples surface in different exposure times in the SST chamber. Similarly, the Acoustic Emission (AE) signals generated during the corrosion process are recorded for the different exposure times. The AE waveforms are studied using advanced waveform processing techniques. The waveforms, in their time-frequency domain, provide detailed information on the characteristic features of the acoustic source. The different AE sources have been characterized from the time-frequency analysis of the waveforms.
Simulation of freight trains with up to three traction units in radio communication
Authors: Cantone L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Paper reports the main results of a systematic study on longitudinal train dynamics (LTD) of long freight trains, equipped with radio communication. The simulation results have been used to prepare an experimental test campaign to test the Distributed Power System (DPS) technology. The simulations refer to up/down and level track and they compare the LTD of trains with and without DPS, for different train operations and radio link conditions. The DPS technology is proved (by simulations and test) to be a very effective way to increase the efficiency of future freight trains.
Development of a 2D finite element model for the investigation of the tread braked railway wheels thermo-mechanical behaviour
Authors: Magelli M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The main drawback of tread braking is the rail wheel heating due to friction sliding. Thermal stresses and strains can lead to wheel surface damages while at the same time fast cooling from high temperature can cause microstructural changes, with possible local formation of brittle martensite. Nowadays, the investigation of the wheel and shoe thermomechanical interaction is typically performed using finite element (FE) codes. The paper shows the development, implementation and preliminary validation of a 2D plane FE model for the calculation of the thermal field produced in a tread braked wheel due to drag and stop braking operations. The model includes a structural contact module for the static calculation of the normal and tangential contact pressure at the wheel-shoe interface and a thermal transient module, which computes the wheel temperature considering the friction heat flux and the cooling due to air convection and rail chill.
Vehicle stability controller HiL validation on static simulator
Authors: Alfatti F , Annicchiarico C , Capitani R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the automotive world, Hardware in the Loop (HiL) methodologies are used to speed up the design and calibration process of the various mechatronics components installed on the vehicle. Installing production parts on advanced driving simulator enables the performance assessment in realistic scenarios, including a test driver earlier in the design process. The scope of this work is to evaluate the effect of ABS and ESC system, replicating their influence on the steering wheel. A brake by wire production system has been installed on a static simulator, equipped with a EPSiL steering bench, capable of accurately replicate tie-rod forces on a production steering unit. Full brake, sine steer maneuvers have been carried out both on real vehicle and on virtual environment. The system showed its capabilities of replicating the same functionalities of the real vehicle, extending the static simulator potentialities to support the activities on calibration and test of vehicle systems.
Energy harvester duty cycle evaluation for railway vehicle health monitoring
Authors: Russo C , Monaco M Lo , Somà A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The recent growth of the IoT (Internet of Things) technologies makes these connected devices suitable for monitoring and diagnostic in different applications. Through these devices, a wireless sensor network has become a smart solution for monitoring structures, vehicles, and other devices. Each node in the network can be placed in an inaccessible or unsafe location for human intervention and provide a real-time data stream, useful for the diagnostic and maintenance of the structure. In this context, the power node becomes a fundamental problem since the replacement of batteries is a disadvantage both for environmental disposal and for the related costs. Thus, the interest in the so-called AIOT (Autonomous Internet of Things) is growing, and the energy harvester generators can be a possible solution to this problem. In this scenario, an inductive linear generator having a non-symmetrical gravitational suspension is presented. The main characteristics of the generator and the magnetic suspension are introduced with the description of the Matlab/Simulink model that simulates the same behavior. In this work, a first study of the duty cycle of the generator to power a wireless sensor node for industrial application is presented as well. This study is carried out with a particular focus on the acceleration frequency evaluation of railway vehicles to better understand the possible effective power that can be extracted from the harvester. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that the generator sizing cannot be separated from the detailed knowledge of the energy source and of the sensing/monitoring system that must be powered.
Numerical investigations on a photonic nanojet coupled plasmonic system for photonic applications
Authors: Agrawal Tulika , Dey Soumyodeep , Bhattacharya Shubhayan , Singh Gurvinder , Bisht Prem B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A photonic nanojet (PNJ) from a microcavity is a narrow and intense beam of light used to enhance the emerging electric field. Metal nanoparticles (NPs), on the other hand, confine a strong field in their vicinity due to the resonance of the free electrons with the incident field. A hybrid combination of a microcavity with a NP can drastically enhance the output field. In this work, a systematic numerical study of the microcavity-NP system has been carried out to investigate the effect of the shape of the metal NPs on the output field strength. The single and their dimer NPs with different dimer nanogaps with PNJ producing microcavity have been investigated. Splitting of the broad dipole mode of the NP has also been observed. As an application of this study, the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy factor of the order of 107 has been estimated for nano-cube dimer NP-microcavity hybrid system.
Analysis on the localized corrosion of hydraulic support after short-term service in coal mine
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Yanjia , Yuan Juntao , Zan Chaofei , Huang Lezheng , Zhang Huihui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The corrosion of hydraulic support has brought huge economic losses to coal enterprises. Using laser cladding stainless steel coating on the surface can improve its wear resistance and corrosion resistance. However, dense corrosion pits appeared on the hydraulic support coated 304 stainless steel after 25 d use in a coal mine. At present, there are few studies on the corrosion effect of this laser cladding layer under the actual mine. In this work, the oxide scales are characterized by 3D Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with x-ray Energy Spectrometer (EDS), x-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS) and x-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Based on the results, the localized corrosion mechanism is discussed. It was found that the corrosion products were mainly a mixture of (Fe,Cr)2O3 and CaCO3. The maximum pitting rate calculated from the depth data of pits. which were collected by ultra-depth of field optical microscopy, was 2.32 mm a−1. The mechanism of corrosion of hydraulic support was discussed form perspectives of the under-deposit corrosion and corrosive ions (i.e. Cl− and S2)− in the environment.
Physical characterization and biological tests of bioactive titanium surfaces prepared by short-time micro-arc oxidation in green electrolyte
Authors: Zaniolo Karina M , Biaggio Sonia R , Cirelli Joni A , Cominotte Mariana A , Bocchi Nerilso , Rocha-Filho Romeu C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are the most used biomaterials in dental and orthopedic implant applications. However, despite the good performance of these materials, implants may fail; therefore, several surface modification methodologies have been developed to increase the bioactivity of the metal surface, accelerating the osseointegration process while promoting improved corrosion performance. In this work, the production of a TiO2 coating on titanium through a short-time micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in a green electrolyte (obtained by a mixed solution of K3PO4 and Ca(CH3COO)2.H2O) is proposed, aiming at obtaining a porous oxide layer with Ca and P incorporation through an environmentally friendly experimental condition. The morphology, chemical composition, crystalline structure, wettability, hardness and bioactivity of the modified Ti surfaces were characterized. The MAO process at 250 V for 1 min in the green electrolyte solution allowed the production of a highly porous oxide surface in the anatase crystalline phase, with effective Ca and P incorporation. Pre-osteoblastic cells were used in in-vitro assays to analyze viability, adhesion, proliferation and ability to perform extracellular matrix mineralization on the Ti surfaces (polished and MAO-treated Ti). The MAO-treated Ti surface exhibited better results in the bioactivity tests, presenting more calcium phosphate precipitates. This surface also presented higher hardness, lower hydrophilicity and better performance in biological tests than the polished surface. The here-reported MAO-treated Ti surface is promising for dental implants, especially in patients having poor bone quality that requires greater stimulation for osteogenesis.
B-dot probe measurements on plasma plume expansion across the magnetic field
Authors: Behera Narayan , Singh R K , Prakash G Veda , Patel Kiran , Joshi H C , Kumar Ajai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Time-varying diamagnetism in laser-produced plasma moving across a transverse magnetic field for different field strengths has been studied using fast imaging and magnetic probe. The emphasis of the present work is on the development of suitable B-dot probe, quantitative analysis of induced diamagnetic field in an expanding plasma plume and its effect on the applied magnetic field profiles. A Helmholtz coil with pulsed power system is used to produce uniform magnetic field varying from 0.13 T to 0.57 T. Helmholtz coil allows the plume imaging along the magnetic field lines, which gives the direct structural information of the induced diamagnetic cavity. A high frequency three-axis B-dot probe has been developed to measure the transient magnetic field. Different experimental approaches have been used to test the response, sensitivity and calibration of the developed probe. It has been observed that induced magnetic field displaced the external magnetic field that is plasma plume shows the diamagnetic behaviour for considered magnetic field range. The probe signals in directions orthogonal to the applied/induced magnetic lines are correlated with the distortion in applied magnetic field in three dimensional space, which is consistent with recently simulated topology of external magnetic field in similar experimental conditions [Patel et al, 2021 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
63 115020 ].
Clinical validation of an artificial intelligence-assisted algorithm for automated quantification of left ventricular ejection fraction in real time by a novel handheld ultrasound device
Authors: Papadopoulou Stella-Lida , Sachpekidis Vasileios , Kantartzi Vasiliki , Styliadis Ioannis , Nihoyannopoulos Petros 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsWe sought to evaluate the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of a novel handheld ultrasound device (HUD) with artificial intelligence (AI) assisted algorithm to automatically calculate ejection fraction (autoEF) in a real-world patient population.Methods and resultsWe studied 100 consecutive patients (57 ± 15 years old, 61% male), including 38 with abnormal left ventricular (LV) function [LV ejection fraction (LVEF) &lt; 50%]. The autoEF results acquired using the HUD were independently compared with manually traced biplane Simpson’s rule measurements on cart-based systems to assess method agreement using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), linear regression analysis, and Bland–Altman analysis. The diagnostic accuracy for the detection of LVEF &lt;50% was also calculated. Test–retest reliability of measured EF by the HUD was assessed by calculating the ICC and the minimal detectable change (MDC). The ICC, linear regression analysis, and Bland–Altman analysis revealed good agreement between autoEF and reference manual EF (ICC = 0.85; r = 0.87, P &lt; 0.001; mean bias −1.42% with limits of agreement 14.5%, respectively). Detection of abnormal LV function (EF &lt; 50%) by autoEF algorithm was feasible with sensitivity 90% (95% CI 75–97%), specificity 87% (95% CI 76–94%), PPV 81% (95% CI 66–91%), NPV 93% (95% CI 83–98%), and a total diagnostic accuracy of 88%. Test–retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.91, P &lt; 0.001; r = 0.91, P &lt; 0.001; mean difference ± SD: 0.54% ± 5.27%, P = 0.308) and MDC for LVEF measurement by autoEF was calculated at 4.38%.ConclusionUse of a novel HUD with AI-enabled capabilities provided similar LVEF results with those derived by manual biplane Simpson’s method on cart-based systems and shows clinical potential.
An efficient root transformation system for CRISPR/Cas9-based analyses of shoot–root communication in cucurbit crops
Authors: Geng Shouyu , Sohail Hamza , Cao Haishun , Sun Jingyu , Chen Zhi , Zhou Lijian , Wang Wenbo , Ye Runwen , Yang Li , Bie Zhilong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCucurbit crops are suitable models for studying long-distance signaling in horticultural plants. Although thousands of substances are graft transmissible in cucurbits, functional studies have been hampered by the lack of efficient genetic transformation systems. Here, we report a convenient and efficient root transformation method for several cucurbit crops that will facilitate studies of functional genes and shoot–root crosstalk. We obtained healthy plants with completely transformed roots and non-transgenic shoots within 6 weeks. Furthermore, we combined this root transformation method with grafting, which allowed for gene manipulation in the rootstock. We validated our system by exploring salt tolerance mechanisms using a cucumber (Cucumis sativus)/pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) (scion/rootstock) graft in which the sodium transporter gene High-affinity K+ transporter1 (CmoHKT1;1) was edited in the pumpkin rootstock and by overexpressing the pumpkin tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter gene Sodium hydrogen exchanger4 (CmoNHX4) in cucumber roots.
BigMouth: development and maintenance of a successful dental data repository
Authors: Walji Muhammad F , Spallek Heiko , Kookal Krishna Kumar , Barrow Jane , Magnuson Britta , Tiwari Tamanna , Oyoyo Udochukwu , Brandt Michael , Howe Brian J , Anderson Gary C , White Joel M , Kalenderian Elsbeth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Few clinical datasets exist in dentistry to conduct secondary research. Hence, a novel dental data repository called BigMouth was developed, which has grown to include 11 academic institutions contributing Electronic Health Record data on over 4.5 million patients. The primary purpose for BigMouth is to serve as a high-quality resource for rapidly conducting oral health-related research. BigMouth allows for assessing the oral health status of a diverse US patient population; provides rationale and evidence for new oral health care delivery modes; and embraces the specific oral health research education mission. A data governance framework that encouraged data sharing while controlling contributed data was initially developed. This transformed over time into a mature framework, including a fee schedule for data requests and allowing access to researchers from noncontributing institutions. Adoption of BigMouth helps to foster new collaborations between clinical, epidemiological, statistical, and informatics experts and provides an additional venue for professional development.
The Effect of Soil Type and Moisture Level on the Development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Kökdener Meltem , Şahin Yurtgan Müjgan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effects of the soil type and the moisture contents on the some life-history parameters of Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The larval and pupal survival, duration of development periods, and the weight of pupae and adult of L. sericata were examined at three different types of soil (clay, loamy, and sandy) with five moisture contents (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%). The post feeding L. sericata larvae were transferred to a plastic cup filled with soils with different moisture content, and all cups were kept at 27°C, 65% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. In this article, the effects on some life-history parameters were compared with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Accordingly, the findings of this article indicate that moisture contents of soils and soil type have a significant effect on the development time of L. sericata. Furthermore, it has been found that larvae can survive on extremely wet substrates (75–100% humidity), although their development time is longer than other moisture content. Pupal and adult weight was significantly different among soil type and soil moisture. Our results provide a reference information for sufficient estimation of the effects of changes in moisture-related to soil type or climate on studies of forensic and biological control of L. sericata.