bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site suitability analysis of indigenous rainwater harvesting systems in arid and data-poor environments: a case study of Sana’a Basin, Yemen
Authors: Aklan Musaed , Al-Komaim Muhammed , de Fraiture Charlotte 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Indigenous rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a promising tool for increasing water availability and conserving groundwater in arid environments. This study aimed to develop a multicriteria analysis (MCA) framework to identify and rank suitable sites for different indigenous RWH systems in data-poor areas taking Sana’a Basin, Yemen, as a case study. Unlike previous research, this study focused only on indigenous RWH systems and, for the first time, considered the site suitability analysis of spate irrigation systems. Five biophysical and six socioeconomic criteria were used to select, prioritize, and map suitable zones for indigenous RWH systems. This study, the first to be conducted in Yemen, found that more than 30% of the case area has a high or very high level of suitability for each of the studied RWH systems. Only 11% to 17% of the area is not suitable for RWH due to socioeconomic activities. Twenty-four percent of the area was considered moderately suitable, and 28% had a low level of suitability for RWH. These results are promising, and the preliminary identification process of suitable areas for indigenous RWH systems is a useful guide for future water resource and land management programs.

Graphical abstract
A Novel Metric to Evaluate the Association Rules for Identification of Functional Dependencies in Complex Technical Infrastructures
Authors: Antonello Federico , Baraldi Piero , Zio Enrico , Serio Luigi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFunctional dependencies in complex technical infrastructures can cause unexpected cascades of failures, with major consequences on availability. For this reason, they must be identified and managed. In recent works, the authors have proposed to use association rule mining for identifying functional dependencies in complex technical infrastructures from alarm data. For this, it is important to have adequate metrics for assessing the effectiveness of the association rules identifying the functional dependencies. This work demonstrates the limitations of traditional metrics, such as lift, interestingness, cosine and laplace, and proposes a novel metric to measure the level of dependency among groups of alarms. The proposed metric is compared to the traditional metrics with reference to a synthetic case study and, then, applied to a large-scale database of alarms collected from the complex technical infrastructure of CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed metric of evaluation of association rules in identifying functional dependencies.
“It’s where learning and teaching begins ‒ is this relationship” — insights on the teacher-student relationship at university from the teachers’ perspective
Authors: Hagenauer Gerda , Muehlbacher Franziska , Ivanova Mishela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPositive teacher-student relationships have been identified as important for teacher and student well-being and for high-quality teaching and learning processes and outcomes. However, research on the perceptions of teachers in higher education on a high-quality relationship with students and the perceived antecedents is still scarce. This study aimed to address this research gap by interviewing 15 Australian higher education teachers about their perception of forming relationships with first-year students. The results suggest that the quality of the teacher-student relationship comprises both a professional and an interpersonal dimension, reflecting the different roles teachers and students assume within it. These two dimensions can be further differentiated into various relational quality indicators, such as approachability, care, support, trust, and others. Furthermore, the results indicate that several contextual and personal attributes contribute to the development of this relationship. Implications about how to shape positive relationships between teachers and students in higher education are discussed.
Betti numbers of fat forests and their Alexander dual
Authors: Fröberg Ralf 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLet k be a field and $$R=k[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]/I=S/I$$

R
=
k
[

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

]
/
I
=
S
/
I

a graded ring. Then R has a t-linear resolution if I is generated by homogeneous elements of degree t, and all higher syzygies are linear. Thus, R has a t-linear resolution if $$\mathrm{Tor}^S_{i,j}(S/I,k)=0$$

Tor

i
,
j

S

(
S
/
I
,
k
)

=
0

if $$j\ne i+t-1$$

j
≠
i
+
t
-
1

. For a graph G on $$\{1,\ldots ,n\}$$

{
1
,
…
,
n
}

, the edge algebra is $$k[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]/I$$

k
[

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

]
/
I

, where I is generated by those $$x_ix_j$$

x
i

x
j

for which $$\{ i,j\}$$

{
i
,
j
}

is an edge in G. We want to determine the Betti numbers of edge rings with 2-linear resolution. But we want to do that by looking at the edge ring as a Stanley–Reisner ring. For a simplicial complex $$\Delta $$
Δ
on $$[\mathbf{n}]=\{1,\ldots ,n\}$$

[
n
]
=
{
1
,
…
,
n
}

and a field k, the Stanley–Reisner ring $$k[\Delta ]$$

k
[
Δ
]

is $$k[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]/I$$

k
[

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

]
/
I

, where I is generated by the squarefree monomials $$x_{i_1}\ldots x_{i_k}$$

x

i
1

…

x

i
k

for which $$\{ i_1,\ldots ,i_k\}$$

{

i
1

,
…
,

i
k

}

does not belong to $$\Delta $$
Δ
. Which Stanley–Reisner rings that are edge rings with 2-linear resolution are known. Their associated complexes has had different names in the literature. We call them fat forests here. We determine the Betti numbers of many fat forests and compare our result with what is known. We also consider Betti numbers of Alexander duals of fat forests.
Electronic and thermoelectric properties of group IV–VI van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Rahim A. , Haider W. , Khan A. , Khan Hamdullah , Din H. U. , Shafiq M. , Amin B. , Idrees M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStacking of two-dimensional materials, in the form of heterostructures, is recently considered as a promising candidate for thermoelectric devices application because it can combine the advantages of the individual 2D materials. The structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of group IV–VI [AB/XY (A = Ge, B = O, S, Se, Te, X = C, Sn, Si, Sn, and Y = Se, S)] van der Waals heterostructures are investigated by using first principles calculations. Binding energies and thermal stability showed that all heterobilayers are energetically and thermally stable. Calculated electronic band structure confirmed that IV–VI [AB/XY (A = Ge, B = O, S, Se, Te, X = C, Sn, Si, Sn, and Y = Se, S)] van der Waals heterostructures have indirect with type-II band alignment, which is crucial for separation of photogenerated carriers in solar cell device applications. Transport coefficients including Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and power factor versus chemical potential are calculated by using Boltzmann transport theory which is implemented in BoltzTrap code. Among these heterobilayers, GeO/CSe has considerably large power factor at 800 K, making it more promising for good thermoelectric purposes. These findings pave the way for designing future electronic and thermoelectric devices.
In-verse reflection: structured creative writing exercises to promote reflective learning in medical students
Authors: McLean David , Chiavaroli Neville , Denniston Charlotte , Richardson Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMedical educators recognize the value of reflection for medical students and the role creative writing can play in fostering this. However, direct creative writing tasks can be challenging for many students, particularly those with limited experience in the arts and humanities. An alternative strategy is to utilize an indirect approach, engaging students with structured tasks that obliquely encourage reflection. This paper reports one such approach. We refer to this approach asin-verse reflection, playing on both the structure of the writing and its novel approach to reflection. Students were invited to write, in verse-like structures, about their personal and clinical experiences as medical students. Thematic analysis of their creative outputs and reactions identified four principal themes: the challenges of life as a medical student, the emotional demands of the medical course, a sense of connectedness and solidarity with fellow students, and a sense of marginality within the hospital system. Students generally found the tasks highly engaging and conducive to reflection, producing texts representing significant insights into their experiences as medical students. The reported method offers a relatively simple, structured, and guided approach to reflective writing, adding to the repertoire of methods available to educators in the medical humanities.
Revisiting Major Dry Periods by Rolling Time Series Analysis for Human-Water Relevance in Drought
Authors: Cavus Yonca , Stahl Kerstin , Aksoy Hafzullah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDrought is increasingly gaining importance for society, humans, and the environment. It is analyzed commonly by the use of available hydroclimatic or hydrologic data with little in-depth consideration of specific major dry periods experienced over a region. Also, it is not a common practice to assess the probability of drought categories with a rolling time series and hence the changing knowledge for operational drought monitoring. A combination of such quantitative analysis with a comprehensive qualitative assessment of drought as a human-water relation aimed to fill this gap performing a case study in the Seyhan River Basin, Turkey. Six major dry periods were identified from the precipitation time series of 19 meteorological stations. Major dry periods were analyzed by rolling time series and full time series, and they were also analyzed individually. A major dry period could be important in terms of its duration while another in terms of its severity or intensity, and each with its own impact on the human-water relations that can be influential on the drought mitigation, management and governance. Significantly higher probabilities were calculated for extreme droughts with the use of individual major dry periods. An important outcome from the study is that drought is underestimated in practice with the sole use of the whole data record.
Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of LED Lamp for Visible Light Communications
Authors: de Oliveira Marcelo , Tosta Fernando César Baraviera , Guillen David Esteban Farfán , Monteiro Paulo P. , Pohl Alexandre de Almeida Prado 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVisible light communications (VLC) are an emerging technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodiodes to provide high-speed communication between devices employing the visible light spectrum. Taking advantage of a large unregulated spectrum with capacity for gigabit per second data rates, VLC has the potential to enable the more recent and future telecommunications technologies, such as IoT, 5G and beyond, to unlock their full capabilities, either acting as a sole solution or supporting traditional radiofrequency communications. One of the goals of VLC is to employ illumination LEDs as access points. In this paper we analyze the communication and illumination performance of an LED lamp. Both theoretical and experimental analysis are conducted and results compared. Theoretical analysis are conducted with VLC mathematical model and also with ray-tracing simulations employing the a commercial software. We show that the LED lamp is capable of providing both communication and illumination simultaneously under the proposed scenario. Our results present strong correlation between theoretical and experimental results, indicating that the theoretical model is robust.
Service-oriented Device Connectivity interface for a situation recognition system in the OR
Authors: Junger Denise , Beyersdorffer Patrick , Kücherer Christian , Burgert Oliver 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Context awareness in the operating room (OR) is important to realize targeted assistance to support actors during surgery. A situation recognition system (SRS) is used to interpret intraoperative events and derive an intraoperative situation from these. To achieve a modular system architecture, it is desirable to de-couple the SRS from other system components. This leads to the need of an interface between such an SRS and context-aware systems (CAS). This work aims to provide an open standardized interface to enable loose coupling of the SRS with varying CAS to allow vendor-independent device orchestrations.

Methods
A requirements analysis investigated limiting factors that currently prevent the integration of CAS in today's ORs. These elicited requirements enabled the selection of a suitable base architecture. We examined how to specify this architecture with the constraints of an interoperability standard. The resulting middleware was integrated into a prototypic SRS and our system for intraoperative support, the OR-Pad, as exemplary CAS for evaluating whether our solution can enable context-aware assistance during simulated orthopedical interventions.

Results
The emerging Service-oriented Device Connectivity (SDC) standard series was selected to specify and implement a middleware for providing the interpreted contextual information while the SRS and CAS are loosely coupled. The results were verified within a proof of concept study using the OR-Pad demonstration scenario. The fulfillment of the CAS’ requirements to act context-aware, conformity to the SDC standard series, and the effort for integrating the middleware in individual systems were evaluated. The semantically unambiguous encoding of contextual information depends on the further standardization process of the SDC nomenclature. The discussion of the validity of these results proved the applicability and transferability of the middleware.

Conclusion
The specified and implemented SDC-based middleware shows the feasibility of loose coupling an SRS with unknown CAS to realize context-aware assistance in the OR.
Investigating the Effects of H2O Interaction with Rainscreen Façade ACMs During Fire Exposure
Authors: Casey L. , Simandjuntak S. , Zekonyte J. , Buick J. M. , Saifullah A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPreliminary investigations into adverse reactions between aluminum alloy sheets, used as facings for aluminum composite material rainscreen panels, and water vapor (2Al + 3H2O −> Al2O3 + 3H2) contributing to high-rise façade fire events are reported. Panels containing a PE blend (70% polyethylene 30% calcium carbonate) core were characterised and subsequently exposed to a surface irradiance of 50 kW/m2 using a cone calorimeter, in modified ISO 5660:1/ASTM 1354 procedures, involving water spray. Inverse modeling techniques were applied to determine the effects of water spray on the samples’ combustion parameters. From the current study, evidence for the liberation of diatomic hydrogen (H2) contributing to peak heat release rate during combustion was not found. Observed thermal shock and subsequent degradation led to a greater surface area exposure of combustible inner core material, contributing to an increase for both peak heat release rate (from 393 kW/m2 to 1040 kW/m2) and total energy release (97 MJ/m2 to 117 MJ/m2). Findings suggest no significant increase in the combustibility of aluminum composite panels arises through reduction–oxidation reactions between aluminum-water at 50 kW/m2 irradiance. However, thermomechanical processes, brought upon by environmental conditions and external intervention, may affect the dynamic combustion behavior of aluminum composite panels.
Theoretical and Empirical Foundations for a Unified Pyramid of Human Motivation
Authors: Pincus J. David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRevisions are proposed to the taxonomic model of human motivation of Forbes (Review of General Psychology, 15(2), 85-98, 2011) in order to incorporate a heretofore missing fourth life domain, the spiritual. The growing literature on spiritual motives is systematically reviewed in accordance with literature review standards for theory development (Templier & Paré, 2018) focusing on the objective of identifying comprehensive theoretical systems that explicitly incorporate the spiritual domain as one of a limited set of human life domains. The structure of the Forbes model is contrasted with thirteen theoretical systems that explicitly incorporate the spiritual as a fourth life domain. Consistent with the Forbes model, the spiritual domain is proposed to consist of three modes of existence (Being, Doing, Having) represented as justice motivation, moral motivation, and transcendental motivation, respectively, as well as both promotion and prevention goals within each of the three motives. Empirical evidence is reviewed in support of a revised heuristic device wherein the Spiritual domain is closely linked with the Intrapsychic and Interpersonal domains, but not the Instrumental domain, resulting in a pyramidal structure and corresponding set of testable hypotheses.
Locating optimal position of artificial recharge wells in aquifer using grey wolf optimization algorithm and isogeometric numerical method
Authors: Poursalehi F. , Akbarpour A. , Hashemi S. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe construction of injection wells is one of the direct methods of artificial recharge and determining their optimal location is one of the important issues that are discussed in the topics of projects related to the rehabilitation of aquifers. In this research, a simulation–optimization model was proposed to determine the optimal location of injection wells using the Isogeometric analysis (IGA) numerical model and the Grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO). In this regard, first, a groundwater model based on Isogeometric analysis was created to simulate groundwater flow in a hypothetical aquifer. Finally, after ensuring the accuracy of the simulator model, the optimal location of 10 injection wells was evaluated under two scenarios based on different values of hydraulic conductivity and specific yield. The accuracy of the simulation model is computed based on three error criteria ME, MAE and RMSE were the evaluation criteria which equaled −0.96%, 1.11%, and 0.0146 m, respectively. The achieved results showed that the Isogeometric analysis model has high accuracy. The results of the IGA-GWO model indicated that after constructing injection wells in the optimal location, the groundwater table on average in 10 injection wells rises more than 50 cm in both scenarios. The results also showed that due to the change in aquifer hydraulic conductivity and specific yield in different regions and the defined boundary conditions in the problem, the optimal location of injection wells are in regions with more hydraulic conductivity and more specific yield. Also, injection in regions with more drops will increase the groundwater table.
Division of district metered areas (DMAs) in a part of water supply network using WaterGEMS (Bentley) software: a case study
Authors: Kowalska B. , Suchorab P. , Kowalski D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDesigning of District metered areas (DMA) schemes is a key element in developing a technique for detecting and removing unreported leaks in a water distribution system (WDS) called active leakage control. The design of DMA is very specific to individual networks’ hydraulic and often constitutes one area with pressure managed zones. This paper presents the division of a selected water supply network zone into DMA areas. Based on the spatial distribution of the flow rate and the geometrical structure of the network (routes, pipe diameters, existing gate valves) in the analyzed water supply zone, the main transmission trunks were separated (DN150 ÷ DN500 diameter range) and were excluded from the division into metering areas. DMA areas were separated from the remaining parts of the network, using the district metered areas module, supporting the division of water supply networks into metering zones, available in the WaterGEMS software by Bentley. The number of nodes in the area was 200 as the main criterion for separating DMAs. The separated areas were combined into 3 main DMA zones, in which the sum of the pipe lengths varied between 2500 ÷ 3800 m. For each of the DMAs, the water supply route was determined individually, seeking a one-sided inflow to the isolated area. In two out of three cases, this goal has been achieved. In the third case, it turned out necessary to provide two-sided water inflow. The analysis of the correct operation of DMAs was based on the hydraulic modeling of WDS.
Potential application of graphene nanoplatelets as a high temperature lubricant for hot rolling
Authors: Wang Long , Tieu Anh Kiet , Ma Ming , Li Jiaqing , Hai Guojuan , Zhu Hongtao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGraphene has been shown to be a promising solid lubricant to reduce friction and wear of the sliding counterparts, and currently is reported to only function below 600 °C. In this study, its potential as a lubricant above 600 °C was studied using a ball-on-disc tribo-meter and a rolling mill. Friction results suggest that a reduction up to 50% can be obtained with graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) under lubricated conditions between 600–700 °C when compared with dry tests. and this friction reduction can last more than 3 min. At 800 and 900 °C, the friction reduction is stable for 70 and 40 s, respectively, which indicates that GnP can potentially provide an effective lubrication for hot metal forming processes. Hot rolling experiments on steel strips indicate that GnP reduces the rolling force by 11%, 7.4%, and 6.9% at 795, 890, and 960 °C, respectively. These friction reductions are attributed to the easily sheared GnP between the rubbing interfaces. A temperature higher than 600 °C will lead to the gasification of the residual graphene on the strip surface, which is believed to reduce the black contamination from traditional graphite lubricant.
Supernovae and their cosmological implications
Authors: Cappellaro Enrico 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSupernovae (SNe) are luminous optical transients, which, despite being rare events in a single galaxy, nowadays are discovered at a rate of ten per day. They populate a growing zoo of different types linked to a variety of progenitors and explosion mechanisms. Through a biased selection of a century of researches, I will review how SNe have became a leading tool to probe the cosmic expansion. I will mainly focus on SNe of type Ia, originating from the thermonuclear explosion of white dwarfs, that were demonstrated to be excellent distance indicators after proper calibration and standardisation. Two decades ago, SNe Ia provided the surprising result that the cosmic expansion is accelerated by a misterious dark energy. Recently, with the decisive contribution of Cepheids variables as primary distance indicators, SN Ia allowed to measure the value of the Hubble-Lemaître constant, $$H_0$$

H
0

, with an error of only 1%. It turned out that the value of $$H_0$$

H
0

based on SNe Ia is in tension with the one measured through the fit of the CMB fluctuations. If confirmed, this finding requires a deep revision of the standard cosmological model.