bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Thousand Cankers Disease in High-value Plantings of Black Walnut (Fagales: Juglandaceae) in Washington State
Authors: Smallwood Christopher J , Ethington Matthew W , Ginzel Matthew D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The health and productivity of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is currently threatened by Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD), a pest complex comprised of an insect vector, the walnut twig beetle (WTB) (Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and associated pathogenic fungi (Geosmithia morbida Kolařík, Freeland, Utley, and Tisserat) (Hypocreales: Bionectriaceae). There is an urgent need for tools to manage TCD and avoid catastrophic losses in high-value plantations of black walnut. In this case study, we evaluated the efficacy of IPM strategies in three TCD-infested black walnut plantations in Walla Walla, WA. At the beginning of our study, average weekly captures of WTB per trap varied across sites; low (~32), moderate (~111), and high (&gt;1,300). Each site received a separate management tactic: 1) girdled trap trees alone; 2) the insecticide emamectin benzoate alone or in combination with the fungicide propiconazole to protect healthy crop trees with superior form; and 3) the combination of girdled trap trees and chemically-protected crop trees. Walnut twig beetle populations remained at consistently low levels at both plantations after girdled trap trees were deployed. In plantations where crop trees were treated, the crown condition of those that received emamectin benzoate alone matched or exceeded that of trees treated with the combination of emamectin benzoate and propiconazole and the untreated control trees. Our findings suggest that using both trap trees and emamectin benzoate in an integrated approach has the most potential to reduce WTB populations and protect valuable crop trees in black walnut stands threatened by TCD.
Clinician-Reported Impact of Germline Multigene Panel Testing on Cancer Risk Management Recommendations
Authors: Horton Carolyn , Blanco Kirsten , Lo Min-Tzu , Speare Virginia , LaDuca Holly , Dolinsky Jill S , Kurian Allison W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
With increased adoption of multi-gene panel testing (MGPT) for hereditary cancer, management guidelines now include a wider range of predisposition genes. Yet little is known about whether MGPT results prompt changes to clinicians’ risk management recommendations and whether those recommendations adhere to guidelines.

Methods
We assessed cancer risk management recommendations made by clinicians ordering MGPT for hereditary cancer at a diagnostic laboratory using an internet-based survey. We received paired pre- and posttest responses for 2172 patients (response rate = 14.3%). Unpaired posttest responses were received in 168 additional patients with positive results. All tests were 2-sided.

Results
Clinicians reported a change in risk management recommendations for 76.6% of patients who tested positive for a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant, with changes to surveillance being most common (71.1%), followed by surgical (33.6%), chemoprevention (15.1%), and clinical trial (9.4%) recommendations. Clinicians recommended risk-reducing interventions more often for patients with pathogenic variants in high-risk than moderate-risk genes (P &lt; .001), whereas surveillance recommendations were similar for high-risk and moderate-risk genes. Guideline adherence was high for surveillance (86.3%) and surgical (79.6%) recommendations. Changes to risk management recommendations occurred in 8.8% and 7.6% of patients with uncertain and negative results, respectively.

Conclusions
Clinicians report frequent changes to cancer risk management recommendations based on positive results in both high-risk and moderate-risk genes. Reported introduction of interventions in patients with inconclusive and negative results is rare and adherence to practice guidelines is high in patients with positive results, suggesting a low probability of harm resulting from MGPT.
Fisher discriminant analysis method applied in drought detection: an instance in an alpine meadow ecosystem
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ji Ximeng , Tang Yuanyuan , Xu Mingjie , Zhang Yangjian , Zhao Guang , Chen Ning , Zhu Juntao , He Yongtao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fisher discriminant analysis can comprehensively take multiple factors into consideration and effectively conduct separations between two classes. If it can be used to detect the occurrences of drought, drought can be detected more effectively and accurately. Based on 9-year carbon flux and corresponding meteorological data, soil water content (SWC) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were selected as the discriminant factors. Drought occurrences were detected by applying the Fisher discriminant analysis method in an alpine ecosystem in Tibet. Fisher discriminant analysis was successfully applied to detect drought occurrence in an alpine meadow ecosystem. The soil water deficit and atmospheric water deficit were comprehensively taken into consideration. Consequently, this method could detect the onset and end date of droughts more accurately and reasonably. Based on the characteristics of drought and non-drought samples, the discriminant equation was constructed as y = 24.46SWC − 4.60VPD. When y &gt; 1, the days were distributed above the critical line. In addition, when y was greater than one for more than 10 days, it was labeled as one drought event. If the interval between two drought processes was less than 2 days, it was considered one drought event. With increasing the study period and continued accumulation of observation data, the discriminant equation could be further optimized in the future, resulting in more accurate drought detection.
Antibiotic Prescribing in Children Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Spain: Prevalence, Trends, and Associated Factors
Authors: Aguilera-Alonso David , Epalza Cristina , Sanz-Santaeufemia Francisco José , Grasa Carlos , Villanueva-Medina Sara , Melendo Pérez Susana , Cervantes Hernández Eloísa , Urretavizcaya-Martínez María , Pino Rosa , Gómez Marisa Navarro , Orive Javier Pilar , González Zárate Ana , Vidal Lana Paula , González Montero Raúl , Ruiz González Sara , Calvo Cristina , Iglesias-Bouzas María Isabel , Caro-Teller José Manuel , Domínguez-Rodríguez Sara , Ballesteros Álvaro , Mesa Juan , Cobos-Carrascosa Elena , Tagarro Alfredo , Moraleda Cinta 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused an increase in antibiotic use in different settings. We describe the antibiotic prescribing prevalence, associated factors and trends, as well as concomitant bacterial infections in children hospitalized with COVID-19 or multisystemic inflammatory syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 in Spain.
The rise of the partisan nurse and the challenge of moving beyond an impasse in the (re)organization of Dutch nursing work
Authors: Felder Martijn , Kuijper Syb , Lalleman Pieterbas , Bal Roland , Wallenburg Iris 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this article, we reconstruct a Dutch case in which policymakers, experts, and professional organizations proposed to amend a law so as to differentiate between different kinds of nurses and the work they do. In doing so, they specifically sought to support and reposition higher educated nurses. The amendment was met with fierce opposition from within the nursing community, however, and was eventually withdrawn. Drawing on interviews with key actors in the debate and an analysis of policy documents and social media platforms, we reconstruct what happened and how. Our reconstruction is informed by institutional theory, the sociology of professions, and a body of literature that examines populism in its increasingly diverse modes of existence. By combining these bodies of literature, we have sought to expand on an analytical repertoire aimed at capturing the dynamics between individual professionals and their institutional environments. Our approach specifically allowed us to foreground a populist action frame through which opposition was organized and to discuss the destructive and generative potential it has had for future aspirations in the professionalization and (re)organization of nursing work.
Pre-tibial myopericytoma: a case report
Authors: Cockburn Claudia J K , Crene Elliot J D , Cockburn William J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Myopericytoma (MPC) is a rare, benign tumour often presenting as a cutaneous growth commonly in the lower extremities. It is distinguished by its concentric layering of spindle shaped myoid appearing cells perivascularly. These cells diagnostically stain positive to alpha smooth-muscle actin and rarely positive to desmin stain. This case study reviews the presentation of a 56-year-old male with a slow-growing, pre-tibial lesion developing over a 7–8 year period. This lesion was asymptomatic and demonstrated vascular involvement on ultrasound scan. This lesion measured 19 × 15 × 9 mm histologically and contained bland spindle cells surrounding vessels that interestingly stained positive to both alpha smooth-muscle actin and desmin. The histological findings in correlation to clinical presentation and imaging led to a diagnosis of MPC.
A naturally evolved mutation (Ser59Gly) in glutamine synthetase confers glufosinate resistance in plants
Authors: Zhang Chun , Yu Qin , Han Heping , Yu Chaojie , Nyporko Alex , Tian Xingshan , Beckie Hugh , Powles Stephen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlufosinate is an important and widely used non-selective herbicide active on a wide range of plant species. Evolution of resistance to glufosinate in weedy plant species (including the global weed Eleusine indica) is underway. Here, we established the molecular basis of target site glufosinate resistance in Eleusine indica. Full-length E. indica glutamine synthetase (GS) iso-genes (EiGS1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and EiGS2) were cloned, and expression of EiGS1-1 and EiGS1-2 was higher than that of EiGS2. A novel point mutation resulting in a Ser59Gly substitution in EiGS1-1 was identified in glufosinate-resistant plants. Rice calli and seedlings transformed with the mutant EiGS1-1 gene were resistant to glufosinate. Purified mutant EiGS1-1 expressed in yeast was more tolerant to glufosinate than the wild-type variant. These transgenic results correlate with a more glufosinate-resistant GS in the crude tissue extract of resistant versus susceptible E. indica plants. Structural modelling of the mutant EiGS1-1 revealed that Ser59 is not directly involved in glufosinate binding but is in contact with some important binding residues (e.g. Glu297) and especially with Asp56 that forms an intratoroidal contact interface. Importantly, the same Ser59Gly mutation was also found in geographically isolated glufosinate-resistant populations from Malaysia and China, suggesting parallel evolution of this resistance mutation.
Cost-effectiveness of single-dose AmBisome pre-emptive treatment for the prevention of cryptococcal meningitis in African low and middle-income countries
Authors: Rajasingham Radha , Nalintya Elizabeth , Israelski Dennis M , Meya David B , Larson Bruce A , Boulware David R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening is recommended for patients with advanced HIV to reduce AIDS-related mortality. For asymptomatic CrAg-positive persons, fluconazole pre-emptive therapy is standard, despite a ∼25% failure rate. Single-dose liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) is non-inferior to standard treatment for cryptococcal meningitis. We evaluate the threshold of efficacy necessary for AmBisome + fluconazole to be cost-effective as pre-emptive therapy for CrAg-positive persons.
We created a decision analytic model to evaluate CrAg screening and treatment in HIV-infected persons with CD4 &lt; 100 cells/μL. Costs were estimated for screening, pre-emptive therapy, and hospitalization for an example low-income country (Uganda) and middle-income country (South Africa). We used a discounted price range of AmBisome® at ${\$}$16.25 to ${\$}$40 per 50 mg vial for both Uganda and South Africa. We estimated AmBisome efficacy from 75 to 95%. Parameter assumptions were based on prospective CrAg screening studies and clinical trials in Africa. Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated using the age-specific life expectancy in Uganda, per WHO Global Health Observatory data. We modeled the theoretical efficacy of adjunctive AmBisome to determine cost per DALY averted.
In South Africa, at ${\$}$16.25 per vial cost and a minimum efficacy of 85%, adjunctive AmBisome is cost-saving compared to fluconazole monotherapy. Compared to fluconazole pre-emptive therapy in Uganda, AmBisome + fluconazole would cost ${\$}$475, ${\$}$220, or ${\$}$136 per DALY averted if meningitis-free survival efficacy was 80, 85, or 90% at ${\$}$24 per vial cost.
Investing in AmBisome may be cost-effective in low-income settings compared to using fluconazole pre-emptive therapy alone, if efficacy is 85% or greater. AmBisome pre-emptive therapy appears more cost-efficient in middle-income settings where hospitalization costs for meningitis, and GDP per capita are higher.

Lay Summary
We evaluate the efficacy necessary for AmBisome + fluconazole to be cost-effective to prevent cryptococcal meningitis. We found that if AmBisome pre-emptive therapy has an efficacy of 85% or greater, it is likely to be cost-effective in low-income settings.
Collision of two stellar associations in the nearby Gum Nebula
Authors: Yep Alexandra C , White Russel J 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Based on Gaia DR2 data and new CHIRON radial velocities, we have discovered that two nearby stellar associations UPK 535 (318.08 ± 0.29 pc, $25^{+15}_{-10}$ Myr, 174 stars) and Yep 3 (339.54 ± 0.25 pc, $45^{+55}_{-20}$ Myr, 297 stars) in the Gum Nebula have recently collided. We project stars’ current positions, motions, and measurement uncertainties backward and forward through time in a 10 000-trial Monte Carlo simulation. On average, the associations’ centres of mass come within 18.89 ± 0.73 pc of each other 0.84 ± 0.03 Myr ago. A mode of 54 ± 7 close (&lt;1 pc) stellar encounters occur during the collision. We cannot predict specific star–star close encounters with our current ∼7.6 pc distance precision and 21.5 per cent complete radial velocity sample. Never the less, we find that two stars in UPK 535 and two stars in Yep 3 undergo a nonspecific close encounter in &gt;70 per cent of trials and multiple close encounters in ∼30 per cent. On average, the closest approach of any two stars is 0.13 ± 0.06 pc, or 27 000 ± 12 000 au. With impulse-tracing values up to $2.7^{+3.1}_{-1.1}$ M⊙ pc−2 km−1 s, such close encounters could perturb stars’ Oort cloud comets (if present), cause heavy bombardment events for exoplanets (if present), and reshape Solar system architectures. Finally, an expansion of our simulation suggests other associations in the region are also interacting. Association collisions may be commonplace, at least in the Gum Nebula straddling the Galactic plane, and may spur Solar system evolution more than previously recognized.
APEX at the QSO MUSEUM: molecular gas reservoirs associated with z ∼ 3 quasars and their link to the extended Ly α emission
Authors: Muñoz-Elgueta N , Arrigoni Battaia F , Kauffmann G , De Breuck C , García-Vergara C , Zanella A , Farina E P , Decarli R 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Cool gas (T∼104 K) traced by hydrogen Ly α emission is now routinely detected around z ∼ 3 quasars, but little is known about their molecular gas reservoirs. Here, we present an APEX spectroscopic survey of the CO(6-5), CO(7-6), and [C i](2-1) emission lines for nine quasars from the QSO MUSEUM survey, which have similar UV luminosities, but very diverse Ly α nebulae. These observations ($\lesssim ngle ~\rm rms~\rangle =2.6$ mJy in 300 km s−1) detected three CO(6-5) lines with 3.4≤ICO(6-5) ≤5.1 Jy km s−1, 620≤FWHM≤707 km s−1, and three [C i](2-1) lines with 2.3$\le I_{\rm [C{\small I}](2-1)} \le$15.7 Jy km s−1, 329≤FWHM≤943 km s−1. For the CO and [C i] detected sources, we constrain the molecular gas reservoirs to be $\rm M_{H_{2}} = (0.4-6.9) \times 10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$, while the non-detections imply $\rm M_{H_{2}} \lt 1.1\times 10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$. We compare our observations with the extended Ly α properties to understand the link between the cool and the molecular gas phases. We find large velocity shifts between the bulk of Ly α and the molecular gas systemic redshift in five sources (from ∼−400 to ∼+1200 km s−1). The sources with the largest shifts have the largest Ly α line widths in the sample, suggesting more turbulent gas conditions and/or large-scale inflows/outflows around these quasars. We also find that the brightest ($I_{\rm [C{\small I}](2-1)}=15.7\pm 3.7~\rm Jy~km~s^{-1}$) and the widest (FWHM∼900 km s−1) lines are detected for the smallest and dimmest Ly α nebulae. From this, we speculate that host galaxy obscuration can play an important role in reducing the ionizing and Ly α photons able to escape to halo scales, and/or that these systems are hosted by more massive haloes.
On-ground and on-orbit time calibrations of GECAM
Authors: Xiao S , Liu Y Q , Peng W X , An Z H , Xiong S L , Tuo Y L , Gong K , Zhang P , Zhang K , Zheng S J , Li C Y , Gao M , Guo D Y , Li X Q , Liang X H , Liu X J , Qiao R , Sun X L , Wang J Z , Wen X Y , Xu Y B , Yang S , Zhang D L , Zhang Fan , Zhang Fei , Zhao X Y , Qi J L , Han X B , Li Z D , Huang J , Song L M , Cai C , Yi Q B , Zhao Y , Song X Y , Huang Y , Ge M Y , Ma X , Li X B , Li B , Wang P , Wang J , Zhang Y Q , Zhang Z , Zhang X L , Zhao H Y , Guo Z W , Chen C , Xie S L , Zhang S N 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
High time resolution and accuracy are of critical importance in the studies of timing analysis and time delay localization of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) and pulsars. The Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) consisting of two micro-satellites, GECAM-A and GECAM-B, launched on 2020 December 10, is aimed at monitoring and locating X-ray and GRBs all over the sky. To achieve its scientific goals, GECAM is designed to have the highest time resolution (0.1 $\mu {\rm s}$) among all GRB detectors ever flown. Here, we make a comprehensive time calibration campaign including both on-ground and on-orbit tests to derive not only the relative time accuracy of GECAM satellites and detectors, but also the absolute time accuracy of GECAM-B. Using the on-ground calibration with a $\rm ^{22}Na$ radioactive source, we find that the relative time accuracy between GECAM-A and GECAM-B is about 0.15 $\mu {\rm s}$ (1σ). To measure the relative time accuracy between all detectors of a single GECAM satellite, cosmic-ray events detected on orbit are utilized since they could produce many secondary particles simultaneously record by multiple detectors. We find that the relative time accuracy among all detectors onboard GECAM-B is about 0.12 $\mu {\rm s}$ (1σ). Finally, we use the novel Li-CCF method to perform the absolute time calibration with Crab pulsar and SGR J1935+2154, both of which were jointly observed by GECAM-B and Fermi/GBM, and obtain that the time difference between GECAM-B and Fermi/GBM is 3.06 ± 6.04 $\mu {\rm s}$ (1σ).
Multivariate analysis of associations between clinical sequencing and outcome in glioblastoma
Authors: Yang Peter H , Tao Yu , Luo Jingqin , Paturu Mounica , Lu Hsiang-Chih , Ramkissoon Shakti , Heusel Jonathan W , Leuthardt Eric C , Chicoine Michael R , Dowling Joshua L , Dunn Gavin P , Duncavage Eric , Dahiya Sonika , Chattherjee Arindam R , Kim Albert H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Many factors impact survival in patients with glioblastoma, including age, Karnofsky Performance Status, postoperative chemoradiation, IDH1/2 mutation status, MGMT promoter methylation status, and extent of resection. High-throughput next-generation sequencing is a widely available diagnostic tool, but the independent impact of tumors harboring specific mutant genes on survival and the efficacy of extent of resection are not clear.

Methods
We utilized a widely available diagnostic platform (FoundationOne CDx) to perform high-throughput next-generation sequencing on 185 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma in our tertiary care center. We performed multivariate analysis to control for clinical parameters with known impact on survival to elucidate the independent prognostic value of prevalent mutant genes and the independent impact of gross total resection.

Results
When controlling for factors with known prognostic significance including IDH1/2 mutation and after multiple comparisons analysis, CDKN2B and EGFR mutations were associated with reduced overall survival while PTEN mutation was associated with improved overall survival. Gross total resection, compared to other extent of resection, was associated with improved overall survival in patients with tumors harboring mutations in CDKN2A, CDKN2B, EGFR, PTEN, TERT promoter, and TP53. All patients possessed at least one of these 6 mutant genes.

Conclusions
This study verifies the independent prognostic value of several mutant genes in glioblastoma. Six commonly found mutant genes were associated with improved survival when gross total resection was achieved. Thus, even when accounting for known predictors of survival and multiple mutant gene comparisons, extent of resection continues to be strongly associated with survival.
Changes in Smoking Behavior, Stress, and Sleep Duration Among Israeli Hospital Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bar-Zeev Yael , Shauly-Aharonov Michal , Neumark Yehuda , Hirshoren Nir 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Being on the COVID-19 frontline could negatively impact healthcare workers mental health.

Aims and Methods
We examined smoking behavior changes and the association with changes in stress levels and sleeping patterns among hospital workers during the pandemic. An online survey was conducted among employees of a large tertiary medical center in Israel. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status, changes in smoking behavior (for smokers only), stress levels, and sleeping duration during the pandemic, perceptions of risk for COVID-19 infection and disease severity, presence of a chronic illness, COVID-19 exposure and infection status, and involvement in treating COVID-19 patients. Multinominal logistic regression modeling assessed the effects of covariates on smoking behavior change.

Results
Overall, 920 healthcare workers participated. More than half (59%) reported an increase in stress and 28% reported changes in sleep duration. Thirty-five percent of current smokers (n = 132), reported smoking more. Increased stress was associated with an increase in smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–9.4, p = .016), and an increase in sleeping hours was significantly associated with a decrease in smoking (OR = 6.42, 95% CI 1.2–32, p = .02). Among smokers who reported perceived levels of stress to be the same or slightly higher than prepandemic, a strong inverse association was observed between sleep and smoking.

Conclusions
The mental health consequences of the pandemic, specifically for health workers, could lead to negative changes in smoking behaviors. Together with offering stress-management skills and coping strategies, mental health support should target smoking behaviors and sleep disturbances.

Implications
A high proportion of healthcare employees working in a large tertiary medical center in Israel reported increased stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among smokers, increased stress levels were associated with increased smoking, suggesting that smoking may be a coping mechanism for COVID-19-related stress. Offering stress-management skills and coping strategies can mitigate the negative impact on health workers’ smoking behavior, and reduce stress-related increases in smoking behavior.