bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gingerol-Enriched Ginger Supplementation Mitigates Neuropathic Pain via Mitigating Intestinal Permeability and Neuroinflammation: Gut-Brain Connection
Authors: Shen Chwan-Li , Wang Rui , Yakhnitsa Vadim , Santos Julianna Maria , Watson Carina , Kiritoshi Takaki , Ji Guangchen , Hamood Abdul Naji , Neugebauer Volker 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests an important role of the gut-brain axis in the development of neuropathic pain (NP). We investigated the effects of gingerol-enriched ginger (GEG) on pain behaviors, as well as mRNA expressions of inflammation via tight junction proteins in GI tissues (colon) and brain tissues (amygdala, both left and right) in animals with NP.Methods: Seventeen male rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, spinal nerve ligation (SNL, pain model), and SNL+0.375% GEG (wt/wt in diet) for 4 weeks. Mechanosensitivity was assessed by von Frey filament tests and hindpaw compression tests. Emotional responsiveness was measured from evoked audible and ultrasonic vocalizations. Ongoing spontaneous pain was measured in rodent grimace tests. Intestinal permeability was assessed by the lactulose/D-mannitol ratio in urine. The mRNA expression levels of neuroinflammation (NF-κB, TNF-α) in the colon and amygdala (right and left) were determined by qRT-PCR. Data was analyzed statistically.Results: Compared to the sham group, the SNL group had significantly greater mechanosensitivity (von Frey and compression tests), emotional responsiveness (audible and ultrasonic vocalizations to innocuous and noxious mechanical stimuli), and spontaneous pain (rodent grimace tests). GEG supplementation significantly reduced mechanosensitivity, emotional responses, and spontaneous pain measures in SNL rats. GEG supplementation also tended to decrease SNL-induced intestinal permeability markers. The SNL group had increased mRNA expression of NF-κB and TNF-α in the right amygdala and colon; GEG supplementation mitigated these changes in SNL-treated rats.Conclusion: This study suggests GEG supplementation palliated a variety of pain spectrum behaviors in a preclinical NP animal model. GEG also decreased SNL-induced intestinal permeability and neuroinflammation, which may explain the behavioral effects of GEG.
Broadband Coherent Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Generation in All-Chalcogenide Microstructured Fiber With All-Normal Dispersion
Authors: Xiao Kun , Ye Yudong , Min Rui 
Published: July 2022

We demonstrated numerically the generation of broadband, coherent supercontinuum (SC) spectra in the mid-infrared region using dispersion-engineered all-chalcogenide microstructured fibers (MOFs). The 1-cm-long hexagonal fiber can be made with Ge11.5As24S64.5 glass as a low-refractive-index material embedded in a Ge11.5As24Se64.5 glass matrix. By optimizing the structural parameters, we determined a broad and flat all-normal-dispersion characteristic up to 14 μm. A highly coherent broadband SC with an intensity greater than −3 dB in the range from 5973 to 8695 nm is obtained when the fiber is pumped by a 7 μm laser with pulse duration of 50 fs and peak power of 6 kW. Flat-top SC of −30 dB level can be observed utilizing identical pump pulse parameters, covering wavelengths from 3823 to 13577 nm (&gt;1.5 octaves). This broadband coherent MIR SC source can be applied in frequency metrology, optical coherence tomography, biomedical imaging, and few-cycle pulse compression.
Compared With Girls, Boys' Psychological Symptoms Are More Likely to Be Influenced by Lifestyle in Chinese Middle School Students
Authors: Lu Jinkui , Tan Chun , Zhou Jianfeng , Sha Mian , Xu Yongli , Qiu Jianhua , Liu Ningling 
Published: July 2022

PurposeTo explore the relationship between Chinese middle school students' lifestyles and psychological symptoms and compare the differences between genders.MethodUsing the method of stratified cluster sampling, 14,356 students aged 13–18 years from 8 cities in China were selected as participants. The Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents was used to estimate psychological symptoms. Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between lifestyle and psychological symptoms.ResultsThe psychological symptom detection rate of Chinese middle school students was 21.37%. The detection rate of psychological symptoms for boys was 22.1%, which was significantly higher than for girls (20.64%, χ2 = 4.608, P &lt; 0.05). According to the Logistic regression analysis, factors that have a positive correlation with the demonstration of psychological symptoms (P &lt; 0.01) include: how the students go to school (by foot or on the vehicle) (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07–1.25); inadequate time for sleep (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.28–1.72); video watching time ≥2 h/d (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13–1.39); never exercise (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 2.07–2.76); never participate in extracurricular exercises (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.27–1.66); have breakfast occasionally (OR = 1.35, 95% CI:1.22–1.50); never have breakfast (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.62–2.24); always have snacks (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.13–1.44); always drink sugared beverages (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.22–1.55); picky with food occasionally (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11–1.33).ConclusionsThere was a positive correlation between unhealthy lifestyle and the occurrence of psychological symptoms, and boys are more easily influenced by lifestyles than girls.
Risk Factors Associated With Increased Anxiety Sensitivity in Children and Adolescents in Northwest China During COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown
Authors: Jin Qiaoyan , Ma Wenxian , Zhang Yang , Wang Huiyuan , Hao Juanjuan , Geng Yan , Zhong Bo , Li Jing , Hou Wei , Lu Shemin 
Published: July 2022

PurposeA large body of evidence has revealed that the sudden outbreak of public health emergencies induces dramatic effects on the mental health of the general public. We aimed to investigate the level of anxiety sensitivity and its risk factors in children and adolescents from northwest China during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in early 2020.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted through the Wenjuanxing platform using a convenience sampling method between 18 and 26 February 2020. The self-designed questionnaire contained sociodemographic characteristics, factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI) scale. The data from 1,091 valid questionnaires from students aged 9–17 years were analyzed using ANOVA, multiple linear regression, and binary logistic regression.ResultsThe average CASI scores were 11.47 ± 6.631, and 642 students (58.9%) had prominent anxiety sensitivity. Gender, education level, family members participating in anti-COVID-19 work, getting ill and needing medical help during the lockdown, feeling afraid or having heart palpitations on hearing things associated with COVID-19, believing that COVID-19 would have adverse impacts on themselves or their family in the future, and fear of infection were identified as significant factors for elevated levels of anxiety sensitivity (p &lt; 0.05). We established a multiple linear regression model for the anxiety sensitivity score. Risk factors found for anxiety sensitivity in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown included studying in secondary or high school, becoming ill during the pandemic, feeling afraid or experiencing rapid heartbeat or palpitations on hearing about the COVID-19 pandemic, thinking that COVID-19 would have an adverse impact on themselves or their family in the future, and fear of infection.ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic and home quarantine, scores measuring the prevalence of anxiety sensitivity in children and adolescents from northwest China were elevated. We should develop measures that especially target possible risk factors to intervene against and prevent anxiety sensitivity in children and adolescents in both the current and future pandemics.
Associations of Childhood Maltreatment With Suicidal Behavior Among Chinese Adolescents: Does It Differ Based on Gender and Biological Rhythm?
Authors: Xie Yang , Xu Huiqiong , Wang Baolin , Wu Xiaoyan , Tao Shuman , Wan Yuhui , Tao Fangbiao 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe impact of biological rhythm disorder (BRD) on the association of childhood maltreatment (CM) and suicidal behavior in adolescents remains unclear. CM increases the risk of suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal planning (SP), and suicidal attempts (SAs). There is less investigation on gender differences in CM's effects on suicidal behavior. It is unknown whether the impacts vary with different levels of BRD.AimsTo identify gender differences in CM's effects on suicidal behavior and to investigate these impacts at different levels of BRD.MethodThe analysis is based on data from 7,986 adolescents recruited from three cities in China between October and December 2019. All participants, aged 14.7 ± 2 years, filled out standard questionnaires involving CM, BRD, and suicidal behavior.ResultsA total of 22.9, 10.8, and 4.7% of the adolescents reported SI/SP/SAs in the past year. Girls are more likely to engage in SI and SP when exposed to the highest level of CM; boys are more likely to engage in SAs than girls. A significant relationship between moderate levels of CM and SI/SP/SAs was only observed in girls exposed to low BRD. Moderate CM is only significantly associated with SI in boys exposed to low BRD. The percentage of low-BRD adolescents who experienced high CM was 31.4%, whereas 58% of high-BRD adolescents experienced high CM in SI. Adolescents with high BRD were more likely to experience high levels of CM in SP and SAs.ConclusionsAdolescents at high risk of suicidal behavior in relation to CM should be targeted accordingly. Improving biological rhythm in adolescents who experience CM could help prevent them from engaging in suicidal behavior.
Subtypes in Patients Taking Prescribed Opioid Analgesics and Their Characteristics: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Rauschert Christian , Seitz Nicki-Nils , Olderbak Sally , Pogarell Oliver , Dreischulte Tobias , Kraus Ludwig 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundOwing to their pharmacological properties the use of opioid analgesics carries a risk of abuse and dependence, which are associated with a wide range of personal, social, and medical problems. Data-based approaches for identifying distinct patient subtypes at risk for prescription opioid use disorder in Germany are lacking.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify distinct subgroups of patients using prescribed opioid analgesics at risk for prescription opioid use disorder.MethodsLatent class analysis was applied to pooled data from the 2015 and 2021 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse. Participants were aged 18–64 years and self-reported the use of prescribed opioid analgesics in the last year (n = 503). Seven class-defining variables based on behavioral, mental, and physical health characteristics commonly associated with problematic opioid use were used to identify participant subtypes. Statistical tests were performed to examine differences between the participant subtypes on sociodemographic variables and prescription opioid use disorder.ResultsThree classes were extracted, which were labeled as poor mental health group (43.0%, n = 203), polysubstance group (10.4%, n = 50), and relatively healthy group (46.6%, n = 250). Individuals within the poor mental health group (23.2%, n = 43) and the polysubstance group (31.1%, n = 13) showed a higher prevalence of prescription opioid use disorder compared to those of the relatively healthy group.ConclusionThe results add further evidence to the knowledge that patients using prescribed opioid analgesics are not a homogeneous group of individuals whose needs lie in pain management alone. Rather, it becomes clear that these patients differ in their individual risk of a prescription opioid use disorder, and therefore identification of specific risks plays an important role in early prevention.
Exploring Factors Affecting Health Care Providers' Behaviors for Maintaining Continuity of Care in Kerala, India; A Qualitative Analysis Using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Joseph Linju , Greenfield Sheila , Lavis Anna , Lekha T. R. , Panniyammakal Jeemon , Manaseki-Holland Semira 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionAccess to patients' documented medical information is necessary for building the informational continuity across different healthcare providers (HCP), particularly for patients with non-communicable diseases (NCD). Patient-held health records (PHR) such as NCD notebooks have important documented medical information, which can contribute to informational continuity in the outpatient settings for patients with diabetes and hypertension in Kerala. We aimed to use the theoretical domains framework (TDF) to identify the perceived HCP factors influencing informational and management continuity for patients with diabetes and hypertension.MethodsWe re-analyzed semi-structured interview data for 17 HCPs with experience in the NCD programme in public health facilities in Kerala from a previous study, using the TDF. The previous study explored patients, carers and HCPs experiences using PHRs such as NCD notebooks in the management of diabetes and hypertension. Interview transcripts were deductively coded based on a coding framework based on the 14 domains of TDF. Specific beliefs were generated from the data grouped into the domains.ResultsData were coded into the 14 domains of TDF and generated 33 specific beliefs regarding maintaining informational and management continuity of care. Seven domains were judged to be acting as facilitators for recording in PHRs and maintaining continuity. The two domains “memory, attention and decision process” and “environmental context and resources” depicted the barriers identified by HCPs for informational continuity of care.ConclusionIn this exploration of recording and communicating patients' medical information in PHRs for patients with diabetes and hypertension, HCPs attributions of sub-optimal recording were used to identify domains that may be targeted for further development of supporting intervention. Overall, nine domains were likely to impact the barriers and facilitators for HCPs in recording in PHRs and communicating; subsequently maintaining informational and management continuity of care. This study showed that many underlying beliefs regarding informational continuity of care were based on HCPs' experiences with patient behaviors. Further research is needed for developing the content and appropriate support interventions for using PHRs to maintain informational continuity.
COVID-19 Lockdown and Lifestyle Changes in Saudi Adults With Types 1 and 2 Diabetes
Authors: Al-Daghri Nasser M. , Almiman Abeer A. , Wani Kaiser , Khattak Malak N. K. , Aljohani Naji J. , Alfawaz Hanan , Al-Hameidi Abdulaziz , Aldisi Dara , Alkhaldi Ghadah , Sabico Shaun 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle changes and other common related effects of the lockdown in Saudi adults with diabetes mellitus (DM), both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Methods265 T1D and 285 T2D individuals were included in this cross-sectional survey during lockdown using an online questionnaire and compared with 297 participants without DM. Variables included demographics, treatment changes, use of supplements, change in sleeping habits and physical activity, dietary changes, social and mental health, and education and awareness during COVID-19 lockdown.ResultsThe COVID-19 lockdown was associated with more treatment doses in people with T1D but not in those with T2D (p = 0.003). More participants with T1D and T2D than the control group reported that they felt symptoms of depression during lockdown (ORs of 1.83, p = 0.008 and 2.2, p = 0.001, respectively) and that lockdown affected them psychologically (ORs of 1.64, p = 0.019 and 1.85, p = 0.005, respectively). More participants with T1D than controls reported that their physical activity decreased during lockdown (OR of 2.70, p = 0.024). Furthermore, significantly lesser participants in both DM groups than controls agreed that the health education regarding COVID-19 covered everything (ORs of 0.41, p &lt; 0.001 and 0.56, p &lt; 0.001, respectively for T1D and T2D groups). Regarding dietary habits, the DM groups reported more changes in either the number of daily meals, meal content, or mealtimes than the control group.ConclusionsCOVID-19 lockdown-associated lifestyle changes were more prevalent in individuals with T1D and T2D compared to control. Findings may assist public health authorities in outlining their responses in pandemics and promote healthy lifestyle adaptations in this high-risk cohort to limit adverse effects in future lockdowns.
Optimizing Smoking Cessation Counseling in a University Hospital: Results and Pitfalls
Authors: de Frel Daan L. , Janssen Veronica R. , Meijer Eline , Atsma Douwe E. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundHealthcare professionals (HPs) can play a substantial role in smoking cessation counseling (SCC) but in practice often skip this task due to time constraints. This study evaluates the implementation of the rapid Ask-Advise-Connect (AAC) method in a University hospital setting.MethodsThis mixed methods pre-post interventional study was performed at the Cardiology department of a University hospital and consisted of (1) a quantitative assessment of patient smoking registration and HP connection rates to external SCC from the Electronic Medical Record, (2) semi-structured interviews with 10 HPs to assess their attitudes toward AAC, and (3) a blended intervention aimed to implement AAC. The blended intervention consisted of face-to-face and online AAC psychoeducation for HPs followed-up with motivational messages on their smart pagers over a period of 6 weeks.ResultsIn total, 48,321 patient registrations and 67 HPs were included. Before AAC implementation, HPs assessed smoking status in 74.0% of patients and connected 9.3% of identified smokers with SCC. Post intervention, these percentages did not increase (73.2%, p = 0.20; and 10.9%, p = 0.18, respectively). Nonetheless, the vast majority (90%) of HPs feel it is important to discuss patient smoking, and view it as their duty to do so. Main barriers to AAC reported by HPs were forgetfulness and time pressure.ConclusionThis study shows that this AAC intervention does not increase Asking after smoking status or Connection of patients to SCC in a University Hospital. However, HPs hold positive attitudes toward AAC. A better understanding of the mechanisms required for optimizing HPs practice behavior is needed.
Lung Immune Prognostic Index Could Predict Metastasis in Patients With Osteosarcoma
Authors: He Xuanhong , Wang Yitian , Ye Qiang , Wang Yang , Min Li , Luo Yi , Zhou Yong , Tu Chongqi 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe lung immune prognostic index (LIPI), composed of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), is a novel prognostic factor of lung cancer. The prognostic effect of the LIPI has never been verified in osteosarcoma.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the osteosarcoma patients with metachronous metastasis from January 2016 to January 2021 in West China Hospital. We collected and analyzed the clinical data and constructed the LIPI for osteosarcoma. The correlation between the LIPI and metastasis was analyzed according to the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were conducted to clarify the independent risk factors of metastasis. The nomogram model was established by R software, version 4.1.0.ResultsThe area under the curve (AUC) and best cutoff value were 0.535 and 91, 0.519, and 5.02, 0.594 and 2.77, 0.569 and 227.14, 0.59 and 158, and 0.607 and 2.05 for ALP, LMR, NLR, PLR, LDH, and dNLR, respectively. The LIPI was composed of LDH and dNLR and showed a larger AUC than other hematological factors in the time-dependent operator curve (t-ROC). In total, 184 patients, 42 (22.8%), 96 (52.2%), and 46 (25.0%) patients had LIPIs of good, moderate, and poor, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). Univariate analysis revealed that pathological fracture, the initial CT report of suspicious nodule, and the NLR, PLR, ALP, and the LIPI were significantly associated with metastasis, and multivariate analysis showed that the initial CT report of suspicious nodule and the PLR, ALP, and LIPI were dependent risk factors for metastasis. Metastatic predictive factors were selected and incorporated into the nomogram construction, including the LIPI, ALP, PLR, initial CT report, and pathological fracture. The C-index of our model was 0.71. According to the calibration plot, this predictive nomogram could accurately predict 3- and 5-year metachronous metastasis. Based on the result of decision curve and clinical impact curve, this predictive nomogram could also help patients obtain significant net benefits.ConclusionWe first demonstrated the metastatic predictive effect of the LIPI on osteosarcoma. This LIPI-based model is useful for clinicians to predict metastasis in osteosarcoma patients and could help conduct timely intervention and facilitate personalized management of osteosarcoma patients.
Determinants of Rabies Post-exposure Prophylaxis Drop-Out in the Region of San-Pedro, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: N'Guessan Rose Delima , Heitz-Tokpa Kathrin , Amalaman Djedou Martin , Tetchi Sopi Mathilde , Kallo Vessaly , Ndjoug Ndour Andrée Prisca , Nicodem Govella , Koné Issiaka , Kreppel Katharina , Bonfoh Bassirou 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the fact that death from rabies is 100% preventable with a course of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatment, canine rabies still causes about 59,000 human deaths worldwide annually, half of which are occurring in Africa. In Côte d'Ivoire, rabies remains a threat partly due to the high drop-out rate of the life-saving human PEP treatment among people exposed to dog bites. Each year, half of the victims starting treatment, do not complete the course. The current study therefore assessed the determinants for drop-out of the life-saving treatment among people exposed to rabies in the department of San-Pedro in Côte d'Ivoire.MethodsA mixed-methods approach was used, including questionnaires, observation, individual interviews and focus group discussions, to gather socio-demographic and economic data from 235 participants about possible reasons for abandoning treatment. The study population consisted of patients and medical and veterinary health professionals who were selected using stratified sampling and purposive selection from a database available at the Rabies Center of San Pedro.ResultThe drop-out of PEP treatment was related to perception bias and a habit of low attendance of health care and vaccination centers in the population. Quantitative analysis shows differences between rural and urban areas and an association with age when it comes to treatment completion. The dropout rate was most significant among patients who, in case of other illness, did not routinely see a doctor or go to vaccination centers. The rate of abandonment was higher among those who believed that dog-related injuries could be easily treated at home, and who believed that a person with rabies could be cured without completing the preventive treatment. Insufficient provision of health information on rabies and logistic constraints related to the practical organization of treatment, including the long distance to the anti-rabies center and weaknesses in the patient follow-up procedure, did not contribute to the completion of PEP.ConclusionEstablished determinants for drop-out provide a framework for effective design and implementation of rabies control strategies to accelerate rabies deaths elimination efforts. In particular, access to PEP and community knowledge about rabies need to be improved and integrated in the health system and education system, respectively.