bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Root Removal and Bulblet Size on Leaf Emergence from Scale Bulblets of Easter Lily
Authors: Matsuo E. , Ohkurano T. , Arisumi K. , Sakata Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Root removal from either large or small bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. delayed leaf emergence and lowered the leaf emergence percentage when grown at 25° or 20°C. Root removal from large bulblets delayed leaf emergence at 15°, but root removal from small bulblets did not affect leaf emergence.
Sucrose Concentration and Osmolarity as Factors Affecting in Vitro Wax Accumulation in Jojoba Embryos
Authors: Wang Yi-Chang , Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Immature zygotic embryos of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis Link) (average 5.6 mm in length about 2 months after pollination) were cultured on semisolid or in liquid basal medium for 8 weeks. On semisolid medium supplemented with 3%, 9%, or 21% sucrose, zygotic embryos attained 54, 125, or 48 mg dry weight with 11, 42, or 19 mg wax esters, respectively. In liquid medium embryos attained 5, 171, or 68 mg dry weight with >1, 11, or 3 mg wax esters. When the osmolarity of liquid medium supplemented with 3% sucrose was increased with mannitol to the equivalent of 9% sucrose, embryos grew to 69 mg and wax accumulation increased to 5% on a dry-weight basis; on semisolid medium increased osmolarity achieved with mannitol-sucrose combinations tended to decrease growth and wax accumulation over that achieved with sucrose alone.
‘Advantage’, ‘Pilgrim’, and ‘Companion’ Celery
Authors: Honma Shigemi , Lacy M. L. , Murakish H. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station has announced the release of celery [Apium graveolens L. (Dulce group)] cultivars Advantage, Pilgrim, and Companion. ‘Advantage’ is resistant to bolting, ‘Pilgrim’ is resistant to bolting and Fusarium yellows [Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii (R. Nelson and Sherb.) Race 2], and ‘Companion’ is resistant to Fusarium yellows race 2 and early blight (Cercospora apii Fres.). These cultivars should be useful for commercial production and for breeding purposes. All 3 cultivars have been grown and evaluated on organic soil in Michigan, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Canada.
‘Tuskegee’ Lagerstroemia
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Tuskegee’ is the first Lagerstroemia indica L. × L. fauriei Koehne cultivar with dark pink to near red flowers and is the 4th U.S. National Arboretum mildew-(Erysiphe lagerstroemiae E. West.) resistent introduction from the controlled hybridization of the parental species. The 3 prior L. indica × L. fauriei introductions are ‘Muskogee’, NA 38448; ‘Natchez’, NA 38449; and ‘Tusca-rora’, NA 41787 (4, 5). In addition, 6 L. indica cultivars (‘Catawba’, NA 28861; ‘Cherokee’, NA 30167; ‘Conestoga’, NA 28862; ‘Potomac’, NA 28863; ‘Powhatan’, NA 28864; and ‘Seminole’, NA 30166) (2, 3), introduced by the U.S. National Arboretum, are highly mildew tolerant, but not immune.
A Simple, Inexpensive, Precise Temperature Control Chamber
Authors: Spomer L. Art 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A simple temperature control system constructed from a $10 homemade, precise, solid-state, proportional thermoregulator, resistive heating element, and insulated enclosure is described. It is intended as one of a series of small heated units, each set to a different temperature and placed in a single, large, refrigerated area, such as a large cooler or air-conditioned room, but can be modified for cooling in a heated area. Its demonstrated temperature control precision over 24 hr was ± 0.02°C at the thermal sensor at a set point of 25° and ambient of 19° ± 2.5°. Control temperature precision, range, and span are determined by thermoregulator components, enclosure construction, and ambient conditions. This or similar systems have been used successfully in seed germination, postharvest, cell culture, and nutrient release studies.
Preliminary Studies in Photographic Determination of Tree Shade Capacities
Authors: Gardner Timothy J. , Sydnor T. Davis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Photographs of five fully foliaged shade tree canopies (Acer. rubrum, Gleditsia triacanthos inermis, Gymnocladus dioicus, Pyrus calleryana, and Zelkova serrata) were taken using four film types, 50- and 28-mm lenses, and a range of three f-stops. Photographs of four leafless shade tree canopies (Gleditsia, Gymnocladus, Pyrus, and Zelkova) were taken using three film types and two lenses, at two f-stops. Film densities were determined with a light source and quantum sensor system for negatives of fully foliaged and leafless canopies and correlated with mean percentage of shade measured with a pyranometer. Pan-X film, at the correct f-stop setting, gave the highest correlation to mean percentage of the fully foliaged canopies. The 50-mm lens gave a higher correlation than the 28-mm lenses. Plus-X film, at an f-stop one above the proper setting, gave the highest correlation to mean percentage of shade of the leafless canopy. Plus-X film produced the most consistent results when photographs of the leafless canopy were taken during different days and times of the day. Using a densitometer to measure film density of the negatives gave high correlations to mean percentage of shade of the leafless canopy.
Air Ion Exposure System for Plants
Authors: Morrow Robert C. , Tibbitts Theodore W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A system was developed for subjecting plants to elevated air ion levels. This system consisted of a rectangular Plexiglas chamber lined with a Faraday cage. Air ions were generated by corona discharge from frayed stainless steel fibers placed at one end of the chamber. This source was capable of producing varying levels of either positive or negative air ions. During plant exposures, environmental conditions were controlled by operating the unit in a growth chamber.
Use of a Microcomputer to Compare Container Fertilization Costs
Authors: Yeager Thomas H. , Ingram Dewayne L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fertilizer is the 2nd largest supply item purchased by commercial nurseries (1). The cost of fertilizer and labor for application has been estimated as 11% of production costs for a container nursery (2). Although fertilization (fertilizer and labor) costs are a small part of production costs, they are manageable. Thus, the ability to calculate fertilization cost accurately and rapidly assists the nursery operator in making timely management decisions. A microcomputer program was developed to calculate fertilization cost per container for one or combinations of the following methods of fertilizer application (MOA): broadcast, incorporation, injection, and top-dress.
Comparative Studies of Conventional and No-tillage Systems for Snap Bean Production
Authors: Bellinder Robin R. , Wilson Henry P. , Hines Thomas E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reports concerning the success of no-till (NT) production of vegetable crops are mixed, with results influenced by soil type, precipitation, mulching, and weed control. Similar yields have been obtained with no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) of sweet corn (4), tomatoes (3), potatoes (2), and cabbage (1). Conversely, yield suppression in NT has been reported for cucumbers (3), cabbage (5), and tomatoes and bell peppers (4). Beste (3) reported that lima bean yields were similar in both tillage systems. Snap beans have been grown successfully in NT systems, and yields have been equivalent to or greater than CT snap beans (6-8).
Effect of Fertilizer Rate on Growth of Fibrous-rooted Begonia
Authors: Chase A. R. , Poole R. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Information regarding fertilization of Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum, Hort. (fibrous-rooted begonia) is sparse and does not provide sufficient parameters for plant production (1-3). The purpose of the following experiment was to evaluate effects of various rates of a slow-release fertilizer on plant growth.
‘Happy Centennial’ Forsythia
Authors: Svejda Felicitas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Happy Centennial’ is a freely flowering dwarf shrub with small foliage. It is attractive in early spring when in bloom and as a foliage plant in summer and fall. ‘Happy Centennial’ was derived from (F. ovata ‘Ottawa’ × F. europaea Deg. & Bald.) × F18. F18 is a seedling of unknown origin found in the ornamental gardens at Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa. The cross F. ovata ‘Ottawa’ × F. europaea was carried out in 1962 by D.R. Sampson, also of the Plant Research Centre. This seedling is a sibling to ‘Northern Gold’ (2).
Seasonal Total and NO3-N Levels in the Leaves of Orange and Grapefruit Trees Growing in a Humid Climate
Authors: Wutscher Heinz K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf NO3 concentration in ‘Hamlin’ orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) declined in midsummer when temperature and rainfall were at their maximum. Total N concentration remained steady after declining in the spring. The decrease in NO3-N concentration during the hottest time of the year contrasts with a peak at this time in dry citrus-growing areas.
Nitrogen Availability from Urea in a Pine Bark Medium
Authors: Wright Robert D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the availability of N from urea applied to a pine bark container medium. Results showed that negligible amounts of urea are adsorbed to a pine bark medium compared to NH4-N. However, 71% of the urea applied was hydrolyzed to NH4 within 24 hr and 95% within 40 hr. The rapid hydrolysis would allow N from urea to be available for plant uptake or adsorption to bark soon after application, making urea an acceptable source of N for a pine bark medium.
Crop Productivity Efficiency of Seed Geraniums as Influenced by Plant Density
Authors: Hershey David R. , Merritt Richard H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Geranium seedlings (Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey ‘Mustang’) were greenhouse-grown at a plant density (PD) of 85, 170, 255, or 340 plants/m2 for two time periods (21 to 34 days and 35 to 62 days from sowing). There was a positive linear regression between PD and crop productivity (CP), expressed as g dry matter/day per m2; between PD and crop productivity efficiency (CPE), expressed as percent of energy in the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) incident on the crop that is stored in crop dry matter as energy of combustion; and between PD and leaf area index (LAI) for both time periods. Plant top dry weight, leaf area, length of longest petiole, and main stem length and height were not affected by PD at 35 days from sowing. However, at 63 days from sowing there was a negative linear regression between PD and both plant top dry weight and main stem length, and a positive linear regression between PD and both plant height and length of the longest petiole.
Effect of Soil-applied Paclobutrazol on ‘Cheyenne’ Pecans
Authors: Andersen P. C. , Aldrich J. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paclobutrazol was applied 30 Mar. 1984 as a soil drench to 3rd-leaf pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] ‘Cheyenne’ at concentrations between 0.05 to 2.60 g a.i./cm2 trunk cross-sectional area. Paclobutrazol inhibited tree growth, shoot extension, and trunk and limb growth during 1984 and 1985. Relative water content of leaflets was positively related and leaflet area was negatively related to paclobutrazol concentration. Paclobutrazol promoted lateral branching on a unit length basis on 1983 wood, although no significant relationship was apparent on 1984 wood. Leaflet weight under stress and turgid conditions was reduced with increasing paclobutrazol concentration. Net CO2 assimilation rate, leaf conductance, transpiration rate, leaf chlorophyll, and kernal weight measured during 1985 were not affected by paclobutrazol. The effects of soil-applied paclobutrazol under field conditions persist at least 3 years. Chemical name used: P-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).
Reducing Ammonia Volatilization from Kentucky Bluegrass Turf by Irrigation
Authors: Bowman D. C. , Paul J. L. , Davis W. B. , Nelson S. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ammonia volatilization from urea-N applied to Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. ‘Bensun’) was investigated using a chamber trapping procedure. Urea was spray-applied in a 0.2 cm depth at N of 5 g·m−2 with and without additional irrigation of 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 cm. Losses up to 36% of the applied N occurred when urea was applied without irrigation. Supplemental irrigation of as little as 1.0 cm reduced the loss to 3-8%, while a 4.0-cm irrigation further reduced losses to about 1%. Of the ammonia volatilized, most was lost in the first 24 hr. Maximum N loss was associated with the thatch layer, a zone having high urease activity.
Formal Networks For Women Professionals
Authors: Paparozzi Ellen T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To start such a topic as this, one could turn to a dictionary to define “networking.” Personally, I like to refer to the comics—in this instance the comic strip “Nancy”. The first frame finds Nancy, in class, turned around in her seat earnestly talking to another young colleague. In the next frame Nancy has turned in response to the teacher asking her if she was talking. Nancy replies, “Talking? No Ma'am, I'm not talking. I'm establishing contacts and exchanging information with my peers.” The middle frame shows Nancy grumbling, “OK, whatever you say… ” and the final frame of the comic shows Nancy, at her desk, busily writing “I will not network in class, I will not network in class, I will not network in class.” Yes, some of the terms may have changed, but the point is still why network or, more specifically, why join a formal network or a group that networks?
MacDaniels and Boynton: Some Personal Recollections at Cornell
Authors: Childers Norman F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The report of Laurence H. MacDaniels' death by Isbell and Gortzig (HortScience 22:178-179, Feb. 1987) is detailed and very well done. Most of us old-timers never realized all the great things MacDaniels was doing and had done. What a man!
Effect of Cyanamide in Overcoming Grape Seed Dormancy
Authors: Spiegel-Roy P. , Shulman Y. , Baron I. , Ashbel E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Treatment with a 0.5-2% cyanamide (H2NCN) solution for 5 min effectively substituted for chilling in seed of four Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, allowing immediate germination. Treatment could shorten the breeding cycle.
Effects of 6-BA, GA4+7, and IBA on Growth Resumption of Chilled Apple Roots and Shoots
Authors: Young Eric 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nonchilled, nursery-grown apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were subjected to all combinations of root and/or shoot chilling (5°C) or nonchilling (16°) temperatures for 1500 hr. Trees then were given one of the following six plant growth regulator treatments prior to greenhouse forcing for 30 days: no plant growth regulator; 10-sec shoot dip of either 6-BA, GA4+7, or Promalin; 10-sec root dip of IBA; or IBA on root plus Promalin on shoot. Chilling either the root or shoot alone resulted in partial budbreak, while chilling the entire tree increased budbreak and dry weight of new shoots significantly. New root growth depended primarily on chilling the root. Treatment of the shoot with 6-BA, GA4+7, or Promalin increased budbreak and replaced the requirement for root chilling for this response, but did not affect new shoot dry weight or root growth. Treating the root with IBA significantly increased new root growth, budbreak, and new shoot dry weight, and replaced the requirement for root chilling for these responses. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); gibberellic acid (GA4+7); 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA); mixture of BA and GA4+7 (Promalin).
Variability of Fruit Quality Characteristics Within Sweet Cherry Trees in Central Washington
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Murphey Anne Swindeman 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The variability of color, soluble solids, weight, and firmness of individual sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) on trees from 15 locations throughout the central Washington production district was measured at weekly intervals. Between the first and third harvest, the cv for color decreased from 24% to 9%, for soluble solids from 16% to 13%, was a constant 14% for weight, and increased from 19% to 24% for firmness. Within groups of cherries of similar color, the cv was 13% for soluble solids, 14% for weight, and 19% to 24% for firmness. Firmness measured by durometer or shear press was not correlated with bruising induced by a standardized bruising test. It was concluded that color picking could solve only partially the problem of variability in sweet cherry quality.
Bait Shyness of Pine Voles to Zinc Phosphide and Anticoagulants Stored with Pesticides
Authors: Byers R. E. , Carbaugh D. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Storage of brodifacoum (Volid) and chlorophacinone (Rozol) anticoagulant rodenticides with organic phosphate spray materials in a sealed container for more than 57 days slightly reduced Pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) mortality and bait acceptance of Volid, but did not affect Rozol efficacy. Storage of both materials with zinc phosphide bait did not affect acceptance or mortality of pine voles. Pine voles surviving a 3-day exposure to zinc phosphide surface-coated corn and oat bait (ZnP-grain) (2%, w/w) were much less susceptible to a subsequent 5-day exposure to ZnP-grain or ZP Rodent Bait-AG, 14 days after the first exposure. ZP Rodent Bait-AG caused greater mortality than ZnP-grain in both pre-exposed or voles not previously exposed to ZnP-grain bait. Chemical names used: 2-(P-chlorophenyl)phenyl-acetyl[-l,3]-indandione [Rozol; 0.005% chlorophacinone (CPN)]; and 3-[3-(4′bromo[1, 1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l-napthalenyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one [Volid; 0.001% brodifacoum (BFC)].
Germination of Parsley Seed Primed in Aerated Solutions of Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Akers Stuart W. , Berkowitz Gerald A. , Rabin Jack 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Forest Green’ parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) seeds were leached for 3 days in aerated water at 25°C and then primed in aerated polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 solutions for 4.5 days at 25°. Priming improved earliness of germination at all temperatures of the tests (5°, 15°, 20°, and 25°), with the largest improvement at the coolest temperature. Uniformity of germination, as measured by the mean time between 25% and 75% germination, was not significantly affected by priming. Primed seeds germinated significantly faster than unprimed seeds when water stress was applied by low osmotic potentials (PEG solutions, -0.25, -0.5, or -0.75 MPa, were substituted for water). The latter result supports the hypothesis that priming induces the development of low cellular osmotic potentials. The priming effect was not lost during 8 months of storage, indicating a good treatment longevity.
Herbicide Effects During Leatherleaf Fern Bed Establishment
Authors: Stamps Robert H. , Poole Richard T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Effects of repeated applications of preemergence herbicides (alachlor, metolachlor, oxadiazon, and simazine) at 1 ×, 2 ×, and 4 × rates to leatherleaf fern [Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst.) Ching] beds were studied. During the first two years of bed establishment, all herbicides reduced weed coverage compared to commercial practice (hand-weeding 3 times per year), but only simazine and oxadiazon suppressed weed coverage to commercially acceptable levels between hand-weedings. In year 3, when the fern beds had become well-established, all herbicide treatments provided adequate weed suppression. Simazine was phytotoxic to the fern and reduced yield. Metolachlor increased rhizome mortality compared to commercial practice. Herbicide and weed-free treatments had no effect compared to commercial practice on frond fresh and dry weights or postharvest water uptake and longevity of cut fronds. Chemical names used: 2-chloro-N-2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide (alachlor); 2 chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide (metolachlor); 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(l-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one (oxadiazon); 6-chloro-N, N′-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (simazine).
Effect of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Carbon Monoxide on Celery in Storage
Authors: Reyes Andres A. , Smith Richard B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce DC.) stored at 0°-1°C in 1.5% O2 had better marketable quality than that stored in air after 11 weeks. Marketable celery was improved by using 2.5-7.5% CO in the storage atmosphere, but not by 2-4% CO2. Decay was most severe on celery stored in 21% O2. Botrytis cinerea Pers. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary were the most frequent isolates recovered from decayed celery.
Volatile Production and Decay During Storage of Cucumbers Waxed, Imazalil-treated, and Film-wrapped
Authors: Risse L. A. , Chun D. , McDonald R. E. , Miller W. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Film-wrapped cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) stored 14 or 21 days at 7°C plus 3 days at 21° had less weight loss than nonwrapped cucumbers but not less than waxed or wrapped/waxed cucumbers. Waxed cucumbers, however, had an increased incidence of decay 3 days after transfer to 21°, from a 14- and 21-day storage period at 7°. Wrapped cucumbers had a higher incidence of decay than nonwrapped cucumbers only after 21 days of storage at 7°. Dipping of cucumbers in imazalil (IM) reduced the incidence of decay during all storage periods. While wrapping cucumbers did not increase volatile production, waxing increased emanations of acetaldehyde, ethanol, and methanol, indicating anaerobic respiration. Chemical names used: l-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl]-1H-imidazole (imazalil).
Postharvest Responses of ‘Spartan’ Apples to Preharvest Paclobutrazol Treatment
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Steffens G. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit of ‘Spartan’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees treated in April with paclobutrazol maintained greater firmness and had less internal breakdown than control fruit after 7 months in storage at 0°C. However, ACC level, ethylene production, respiration, soluble solids, sorbitol, fructose, glucose, sucrose, and malic acid content of the fruit after 0° storage and during ripening at 20° were not affected. Chemical names used: β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol); 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC).
Changes in Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Ethylene Mixtures Stored in Plastic or Glass Syringes
Authors: Blankenship Sylvia M. , Hammett Larry K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gaseous mixtures of O2 + CO2 in N2 or ethylene in air were held in glass or plastic syringes for up to 30 hr under different temperatures and conditions. Concentration changes in the gases were followed over time to determine the best method to hold gas samples until analyses. At 25°C, ethylene loss was less from glass than plastic syringes. Twenty minutes at 25° was the maximum holding time before a statistically significant change in concentration occurred for 10 μl·liter−1 ethylene samples in plastic syringes. Plastic syringes absorbed ethylene. Ethylene loss from plastic syringes at 25° was linear within the constraints of the experiment over 30 hr, with the loss of 10 μl·liter−1 ethylene being more rapid than loss from 1 μl·liter−1. Carbon dioxide and O2 levels changed less from glass than plastic syringes at 25°. Holding ethylene or CO2 + O2-filled syringes under saturated NaCl or MgSO4, respectively, did not influence the change in CO2 or ethylene level from the syringes. The change in O2 concentration was less in plastic syringes held in a MgSO4 solution than plastic syringes held in air.