bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IoT-based Optimal Energy Management in Smart Homes using Harmony Search Optimization Technique
Authors: Saadawi Enas Magdi , Abohamama Abdelaziz Said , Alrahmawy Mohammed Fathi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Internet of things (IoT) has a variety of application domains including smart homes. A smart home is an automated intelligent home where IoT technologies are used to remotely control home appliances, manage home energy, enhance home security, and increase the comfort of home residents. On the other hand, renewable energy resources are highly speared to cover huge electricity demand. To save more energy and maximize energy efficiency, smart homes are engaged with energy management systems. Energy management and optimization solutions can help in decreasing the overall cost of energy while optimizing all operational performance.This paper presents an IoT-based optimal energy management approach depending on the Harmony Search optimization technique to save energy usage in smart homes. PV and wind renewable energy systems are used to feed the home with electricity. These on-site energy sources help smart homes to decrease their dependence on power from the electricity grid. Energy storage systems are used to maintain energy system reliability due to the inherent randomness and intermittence of solar radiation and wind speed. The proposed algorithm depends on-demand response to the price variations in the electric energy over time and applies the Time-of-Use pricing principle for controlling household appliances. IoT technology is applied to exchange data between household appliances and the control center, in addition, to communicating both energy management systems and security systems with the control center. In this paper, the IoT system is based on ZigBee wireless technology which is described as the lowest power consumed wireless technology. The algorithm is applied to a proposed building consisting of five floors, each floor contains two apartments with a total area of 200 meters for one apartment. The obtained results prove the efficacy of the proposed Harmony Search-based optimization method in saving energy and reducing electricity bills in smart homes while satisfying the required constraints. Additionally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is validated against four AI algorithms including Genetic Algorithm, Artificial Immune System, Ant Lion Optimization, and Bat Algorithm. In addition to its simplicity in programming and formulation, the conducted comparison demonstrates a similarity in the results with an advantage in the proposed algorithm in improving both the electricity cost-saving and elapsed runtime
Sparse Convolutional Array for DOA Estimation
Authors: Wang Zikai , Liu Yun , Song Ruiliang , Liu Ning , Liang Qilian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Array signal processing plays an important role in many areas. Besides the Uniform Linear Array, their are many sparse array that have been proposed, for example, Minimum-redundancy array, Co-prime array, nested array, etc. However, most of the array structures have certain disadvantages.

A new type of non-linear sparse sensor array called sparse convolutional array is illustrated which can reduce the number of physical sensors while remain a decent performance in DOA estimation. The sparse convolutional array contains three groups of physical sensors and is able to form a hole-free difference co-array. By adding sensors on two sides instead of the center, the proposed array shows improved performance compares to some other approaches while reminds few physical sensors.

The array geometrical structure is illustrated and the numerical result is provided. We also extended this array structure to two-dimension case and the performance is illustrated.
Impact of a national-scale targeted point-of-care symptomatic Lateral Flow Testing on trends in COVID-19 infections, hospitalisations and deaths during the second epidemic wave in Austria (REAP3)
Authors: Reitzinger Stephanie , Czypionka Thomas , Lammel Oliver , Panovska-Griffiths Jasmina , Leber Werner 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn October 2020, amidst the second COVID-19 epidemic wave and before the second-national lockdown, Austria introduced a policy of population-wide point-of-care lateral flow antigen testing (POC-LFT). This study explores the impact of this policy by quantifying the association between trends in POC-LFT-activity with trends in PCR-positivity (as a proxy for symptomatic infection), hospitalisations and deaths related to COVID-19 between October 22 and December 06, 2020. MethodsWe stratified 94 Austrian districts according to POC-LFT-activity (number of POC-LFTs performed per 100,000 inhabitants over the study period), into three population cohorts: (i) high(N=24), (ii) medium(N=45) and (iii) low(N=25). Across the cohorts we a) compared trends in POC-LFT-activity with PCR-positivity, hospital admissions and deaths related to COVD-19; b) compared the epidemic growth rate before and after the epidemic peak; and c) calculated the Pearson correlation coefficients between PCR-positivity with COVID-19 hospitalisations and with COVID -19 related deaths. ResultsThe trend in POC-LFT activity was similar to PCR-positivity and hospitalisations trends across high, medum and low POC-LFT activity cohorts, with association with deaths only present in cohorts with high POC-LFT activity. Compared to the low POC-LFT-activity cohort, the high-activity cohort had steeper pre-peak daily increase in PCR-positivity (2.24 more cases per day, per district and per 100,000 inhabitants; 95% CI: 2.0-2.7; p<0.001) and hospitalisations (0.10; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.18; p<0.15), and 6 days earlier peak of PCR-positivity. Th high-activity cohort also had steeper daily reduction in the post-peak trend in PCR-positivity (-3.6; 95% CI: -4.8, -2.3; p<0.001) and hospitalisations (-0.2; 95% CI: -0.32, -0.08; p<0.05). PCR-positivity was positively correlated to both hospitalisations and deaths, but with lags of 6 and 14 days respectively. ConclusionsHigh POC-LFT-use was associated with increased and earlier case finding during the second Austrian COVID-19 epidemic wave, and early and significant reduction in cases and hospitalisations during the second national lockdown. A national policy promoting symptomatic POC-LFT in primary care, can capture trends in PCR-positivity and hospitalisations. Symptomatic POC-LFT delivered at scale and combined with immediate self-quarantining and contact tracing can thus be a proxy for epidemic status, and hence a useful tool that can replace large-scale PCR testing.
Expanding the speech and language phenotype in Koolen-de Vries syndrome: late onset and periodic stuttering a novel feature
Authors: John Miya St , Reyk Olivia van , Koolen David , de Vries Bert , Amor David , Morgan Angela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Speech and language impairment is core in Koolen-de Vries syndrome (KdVS), yet only one study has examined this empirically. Here we define speech, language, and functional/adaptive behaviour in KdVS; while deeply characterising the medical/neurodevelopmental phenotype in the largest cohort to date. Speech, language, literacy, and social skills were assessed using standardised measures, alongside an in-depth health and medical questionnaire. 81 individuals with KdVS were recruited (35 female, mean age 9 y 10mo), 56 of whom harboured the typical 500–650 kb 17q21.31 deletion. The core medical phenotype was intellectual disability (largely moderate), eye anomalies/vision disturbances, dental problems, sleep disturbance, musculo-skeletal abnormalities, and cardiac defects. Most were verbal (62/81, 76.5%), while minimally-verbal communicators used alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) successfully in spite of speech production delays. Speech was characterised by apraxia (39/61, 63.9%) and dysarthria (28/61, 45.9%) in verbal participants. Stuttering was described in 36/47 (76.6%) verbal participants and followed a unique trajectory of late onset and fluctuating presence. Receptive and expressive language abilities were commensurate, but literacy skills remained a relative weakness. Social competence, successful behavioural/emotional control, and coping skills were areas of relative strength, while communication difficulties impacted daily living skills as an area of comparative difficulty. Notably, KdVS individuals make communication gains beyond childhood and should continue to access targeted therapies throughout development, including early AAC implementation, motor speech therapy, language/literacy intervention, as well as strategies implemented to successfully navigate activities of daily living that rely on effective communication.
Direct numerical simulations and acoustic analyses of flapping-uvula-induced flow evolutions within normal and constricted pharynx
Authors: Xi Jinxiang , Wang Junshi , Si Xiuhua April , Dong Haibo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are often associated with uvula vibrations and pharynx constrictions. However, successful treatment of snoring or accurate diagnosis of OSA has been proven challenging. This study aimed to identify acoustic indexes that were sensitive to underlying airway structural or kinematic variations. Six physiologically realistic models were developed that consisted of three pharynx constriction levels (M1-3) and two uvula-flapping kinematics (K1-2). Direct numerical simulations (DNS) were performed to resolve spatial and temporal flow dynamics and an immersed boundary method was used to approximate the uvula vibrations. Time-varying acoustic pressures at six points in the pharynx were analyzed using different algorithms in frequency- or frequency-time domains. Signature flow structures formed near the uvula for different uvula motions and in the pharynx for different pharyngeal constriction levels. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) showed that the acoustic energy was mainly distributed in four peaks (flapping frequency and three harmonics) with descending magnitudes. Their amplitudes and distribution patterns differed among the six models but were not substantial. The continuous wavelet transforms (CWT) showed clearly separated acoustic cycles (in both frequency and time) in the uvula-induced flows and revealed a cascading bifurcation pattern in the input-output semblance map. Specifically, the multifractal spectrum was sensitive to uvula flapping kinematics but not pharynx constrictions. By contrast, the input-output cross-correlation and Hilbert phase space showed high sensitivity to pharynx constrictions but low sensitivity to uvula kinematics. The frequency-time analyses of DNS-predicted pressures offered insight into the acoustics signals that were not apparent in original signals and could be used individually or in combination in diagnosis or treatment planning for snoring/OSA patients.
Deep convolutional neural networks for filtering out normal frames in reviewing wireless capsule endoscopy videos
Authors: Amoli Ehsan Roodgar , Arabalibeik Hossein , Soleimani Hossein Asl , Mahmoudi Tahereh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has provided us with the ability to non-invasively visualize the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with high quality. This work presents an assistant diagnostic system to accelerate the costly and time-consuming process of manually evaluating captured videos. Due to the fact that the major portion of WCE frames is Normal, a diagnostic model with a high negative predictive value (NPV) is desired and is highly demanded by gastroenterologists. In this study, we have proposed six deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) to satisfy the need for high classification accuracy and high NPV. The proposed architectures consist of a convolutional part coming from some well-known trained networks and a specifically designed classifier part. VG_BFCG exhibited the best classification performance (test_acc:0.967, NPV: 0.989). As a contribution, we realized that the proposed architectures could avoid mislabeling new pathologies not included in the training dataset, which implies the generalization of NPV. These new pathologies are the most common GI pathologies in patients including Ulcer, Erosion, Polyp, Blood, Erythematous, and Lymphoid hyperplasia, which are presented to the proposed networks in order to assess the generalization accuracy of the Normal class. DN_BFCG exhibited the best generalization accuracy (>0.99) for all new pathologies proving that the decision boundary obtained for Normal class is robust and generalizable.
The prevalence, hospitalization outcomes and risk factors of euthyroid sick syndrome in patients with diabetic ketosis/ketoacidosis
Authors: DENG XIAOYI , Yi Min , Li Wangen , Ye Huiyu , Chen Zhishan , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: To investigate the prevalence of euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) and to evaluate the outcomes and risk factors associated with ESS among hospitalized patients with diabetic ketosis (DK) or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).Methods: Laboratory and clinical data of 396 adult hospitalized DK/DKA patients with or without ESS were collected and analyzed. Spearman linear analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate correlated factors of thyroid hormones and risk factors of ESS.Results: Most of the individuals were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (359/396, 90.7%). The prevalence of ESS was 57.8% (229/396). Patients in ESS group were older and had a longer course of diabetes. Levels of thyroid hormones, serum lipids, and parameters reflecting acidosis were significantly decreased in ESS group. The proportion of patients with infection, acute renal injury and DKA was significantly higher in ESS group than in control group, accompanied by longer hospitalization stay and higher hospitalization costs. Free triiodothyronine was positively correlated with albumin, eGFR, parameters reflecting acidosis and lipid profiles (All P < 0.001), and was negatively correlated with age, onset age, 24-hour urine albumin, hsCRP and WBC count (All P < 0.001). Hypoalbuminemia, low level of carbon dioxide combining power, high level of HbA1c and WBC, and co-infection were shown to be risk factors for ESS (OR = 0.866, 0.933, 1.112, 1.146, 1.929, respectively; All P < 0.05).Conclusions: The prevalence of ESS was high in adult DK/DKA patients. Patients with ESS had inferior clinical and socioeconomic outcomes. Early recognition and management of patients with ESS may be necessary to improve outcome.
Energy simulation modelling for water-energy-food nexus system: A systematic review
Authors: Vahabzadeh Masoud , Afshar Abbas , Molajou Amir 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recently, research literature and policy settings have increasingly emphasized the necessity of water-energy-food (WEF) interaction to evaluate a nexus system thoroughly and, as a result, make comprehensive decisions. This study thoroughly evaluated energy subsystem simulations, focusing on the role of energy within the WEF nexus system. The energy model using the WEF nexus approach, on the other hand, has not yet been reviewed. Multidimensional insights will be provided for the proper usage of energy models in the context of the WEF nexus model through examinations of energy subsystem simulation models inside the WEF nexus approach from previous research. This study provides a systematic review of 459 articles regarding energy simulation modelling issues relating to the WEF nexus system. The energy subsystem simulation in the WEF nexus system is modelled in both online (one-way) and offline modes (Two-way). The review highlighted that the energy simulation in the WEF nexus system simulation struggles to represent its system boundary compatible with the water and food subsystems. Additionally, the return flow from cooling towers and energy consumption of different crops did not address comprehensively to make a holistic decision within the WEF nexus system.
Predicting Difficulty Level of Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Using Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Elborolosy Samir Ali , Salem Walid S , Hamed Mohammed Omran , Sayed Arwa Saad , Helmy Bahaa El-din , Elngar Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work presents three automated pre-trained models to predict the difficulty of extracting the mandibular third molar using a dataset of 2414 panoramic radiography images based on pre-processed (shifted and rotated) from left and right mandibular third molar instances. In this research, we employed the four distinct architectural models, namely VGG-16, VGG-19, MobileNetV2, and ResNet50 to identify the difficulty of removing a mandibular third molar. We categorized the dataset into four categories of complexity to help in categorization (Normal, Easy, Medium, and difficult). As a result, VGG-16, VGG-19, MobileNetV2 and ResNet50 had prediction accuracies of 81%, 82%, 79% and 44%, respectively. Findings affirmed that the proposed deep learning model using VGG-19 could be a good tool to predict the difficulty of extracting a mandibular third molar using a panoramic radiographic image.
Disentangling genetic variation and heterosis pattern for sexual compatibility and key nut traits within self, single and double hybrid crosses of kola [Cola nitida (Vent) Schott and Endl.]
Authors: Nyadanu Daniel , Lowor Samuel Tetteh , Pobee Prince , Dogbatse Jerome Agbesi , Akpertey Abraham , Brarko-Marfo Micheal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sexual incompatibility among kola genotypes accounted for over 50% yield loss. Compatible and high yielding varieties are being searched to develop commercial orchards. The objective of this study was to identify self-compatible and compatible partners of kola genotypes from self, single and double hybrid crosses and assess heterosis pattern in resulting hybrids for sexual compatibility and key nut yield and quality traits. Three field gene banks of kola (JX1, GX1, MX2) and one advanced germplasm (Bunso progeny) of C. nitida in Ghana were then assessed for sexual compatibility, nut yield and nut quality. Data were collected on pod set, pseudo-pod set, pod weight, number of nuts per pod, nut weight, brix, potential alcohol and nut firmness. Crosses resulted in significant (P < 0.001) differential pod set within Bunso progeny, JX1, GX1 and MX2 crosses; while pseudo-pod set differed only within JX1 and MX2 crosses (P < 0.001). Very large prevalence of mid-parent, heterobeltiosis, and economic heterosis was observed for sexual compatibility, outturn and brix for the single and double hybrid crosses. Heterosis was prominent among the double hybrid crosses as compared to the single hybrid crosses indicating that recurrent selection of compatible kola varieties from advanced generations of kola could be rewarding. The top five crosses with best heterosis for sexual compatibility and an appreciable positive heterosis for outturn and brix were B1/11 × B1/71 × B1/157 × B1/149, B1/11 × B1/71 × B1/296 × B1/177, GX1/46 × GX1/33 × B1/212 × B1/236, JX1/90 × JX1/51 and JX1/51 × JX1/36. These materials could serve as sources of beneficial alleles for improving Ghanaian kola hybrids and populations for yield and sexual compatibility.
Efficient synthesis of novel 4-benzoyl-7-thioxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H- pyrimido[5,4-e][1,3]oxazine-2,5(3H)-diones via one-pot three-component reaction under thermal and microwave conditions
Authors: Asadi Sara , Mehrabi Hossein 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Concise and attractive synthesis of a new class of 4-benzoyl-7-thioxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-pyrimido[5,4-e][1,3]oxazine-2,5(3H)-diones was attained with impressive yields, by means of a convenient and elegant condensation reaction between thiobarbituric acid and aryl glyoxals in the presence of N-methyl urea in EtOH under reflux and microwave conditions. Some specific merits of the current procedure, including availability of the starting materials, low reaction time, high reaction yield, operational simplicity, no harmful by-products, and the isolated product is in pure form. Structures of all the freshly synthesized products have been deduced by their FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis.
Measurements of three-dimensional changes in the position of unopposed molars for a short period: A retrospective observational study based on cone- beam computed tomography
Authors: Wang Anqi , Cao Jie , Zhang Haoyun , Zhang Bo , Yang Gang , Hu Wenjie , DDS Kwok‑Hung Chung 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the spatial changes of unopposed molars after extraction of their antagonists using data from cone beam computed tomography.
Methods
A total of 59 patients with 68 unopposed molars were included in this study. Three-dimensional models reconstructed from the cone beam computed tomography data before and after loss of the antagonist were superimposed to measure the spatial changes. The overeruption and tipping of target teeth were calculated by coordinate values.
Results
The result of overeruption over the study period (9.2 ± 4.3 months) was expressed by two values: the mean overeruption of molar cups (0.432 mm) and the maximum overeruption of cusps (0.753 mm), which were statistically significant compared to the baseline level (p༜0.001). The average tipping was 1.717 degrees in the buccal direction.
Conclusions
Unopposed molars displayed overeruption throughout the study period (9.2 ± 4.3 months), which indicated that the clinicians should pay attention to the possibilities of overeruption and make appropriate interventions in their clinical practice. The establishment of three-dimensional measuring methods using cone beam computed tomography data would help analyzing spatial changes.
Finite Element Analysis of Proximal Femur Bionic Nail (PFBN), Froximal Femoral Anti-rotation Intramedullary Nail and InterTan for Treatment of Reverse Obliquity Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Xiong Chen , Zhang Lijia , Wang Yanhua , Chen Wei , Zhang Xiaomeng , Yu Kai , Ju Jiabao , Chen Xiaofeng , Ji Yun , Zhang Yingze , Zhang Dianying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background:Reverse intertrochanteric fracture is an unstable type of fracture. Current guidelines recommend intramedullary fixation, but there are still complications such as screw removal, hip varus, nail withdrawal, and nail fracture. The objective of this study was to use finite element analysis to compare the biomechanical properties of the novel proximal femoral bionic intramedullary nail (PFBN), proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nail (PFNA) and combined compression interlocking intramedullary nail (InterTan) in the treatment of reverse obliquity intertrochanteric fractures [AO/OTA 31-A3.1]. Methods:The three-dimensional models of PFBN, PFNA, InterTan and the A3.1 intertrochanteric fracture model were established by using modeling software such as Mimics and Unigraphics. Different force loads were implemented using ANSYS software to compare finite element biomechanical parameters, such as maximum stress in the implant and maximum stress and displacement at the proximal femur. Results: In this finite element study, we found that the distribution trend of maximum femoral stress and displacement in the femoral model of the three internal fixation groups was similar, but the maximum stress and maximum displacement were the lowest in the PFBN group, and the maximum stress of the internal fixation implant in PFBN group was lower than that in the PFNA group and the InterTan group. The maximum stress and displacement of the femur in the PFNA group were 403.71MPa and 14.274mm, the maximum stress and displacement in the InterTan group were 362.72MPa and 10.678mm, and the maximum stress and displacement in the PFBN group were 186.23MPa and 9.7068mm.In the internal fixation implant model, the maximum stress of the PFNA group was 1445MPa, the maximum stress of the InterTan group was 919.62 MPa, and the maximum stress of the PFBN group was the lowest, 911.77MPa. Conclusion:Compared with PFNA and InterTan, PFBN designed by the lever - fulcrum - reconstruction theory can provide better biomechanical stability. It is a feasible choice for the future treatment of reverse intertrochanteric fracture.