bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between mutuality and contributions to self-care in family caregivers of patients with heart failure: multiple mediating effects of resilience and self-efficacy
Authors: Chen Cancan , Zhao Qiuge , Zhang Xiuting , Yang Qiaofang , Dong Xiaoyu , Zhang Yilin , Fan Xiuzhen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Previous studies have indicated a positive association between mutuality and caregiver contributions to heart failure self-care (CC-HFSC). However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms in the relationship. This study aimed to determine whether resilience and self-efficacy play multiple mediating roles in the association between mutuality and CC-HFSC.

Methods and results
In this cross-sectional, correlational study, a self-reported survey was conducted in 259 patient–caregiver dyads recruited from two hospitals in China using a convenience sampling method. Better mutuality (r = 0.27, P &lt; 0.01), resilience (r = 0.23, P &lt; 0.01), and self-efficacy (r = 0.34, P &lt; 0.01) were correlated with greater CC-HFSC maintenance. Better mutuality (r = 0.29, P &lt; 0.01), resilience (r = 0.20, P &lt; 0.01), and self-efficacy (r = 0.35, P &lt; 0.01) were correlated with greater CC-HFSC management. In multiple mediation models, self-efficacy independently [effect = 0.061, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.024–0.119)] and resilience and self-efficacy serially [effect = 0.017, 95% CI (0.007–0.036)] mediated the association between mutuality and CC-HFSC maintenance. Meanwhile, self-efficacy independently [effect = 0.058, 95% CI (0.020–0.113)] and resilience and self-efficacy serially [effect = 0.018, 95% CI (0.007–0.038)] mediated the association between mutuality and CC-HFSC management.

Conclusions
Resilience and self-efficacy were multiple mediators in the association between mutuality and CC-HFSC. Interventions targeting the facilitation of mutuality, and then increasing resilience and self-efficacy may be beneficial for improving CC-HFSC.
Dual roles for nuclear RNAi Argonautes in Caenorhabditis elegans dosage compensation
Authors: Davis Michael B , Jash Eshna , Chawla Bahaar , Haines Rebecca A , Tushman Lillian E , Troll Ryan , Csankovszki Györgyi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dosage compensation involves chromosome-wide gene regulatory mechanisms which impact higher order chromatin structure and are crucial for organismal health. Using a genetic approach, we identified Argonaute genes which promote dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Dosage compensation in C. elegans hermaphrodites is initiated by the silencing of xol-1 and subsequent activation of the dosage compensation complex which binds to both hermaphrodite X chromosomes and reduces transcriptional output by half. A hallmark phenotype of dosage compensation mutants is decondensation of the X chromosomes. We characterized this phenotype in Argonaute mutants using X chromosome paint probes and fluorescence microscopy. We found that while nuclear Argonaute mutants hrde-1 and nrde-3, as well as mutants for the piRNA Argonaute prg-1, exhibit derepression of xol-1 transcripts, they also affect X chromosome condensation in a xol-1-independent manner. We also characterized the physiological contribution of Argonaute genes to dosage compensation using genetic assays and found that hrde-1 and nrde-3 contribute to healthy dosage compensation both upstream and downstream of xol-1.
Novel genetic basis of resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac inHelicoverpa zea
Authors: Benowitz Kyle M , Allan Carson W , Degain Benjamin A , Li Xianchun , Fabrick Jeffrey A , Tabashnik Bruce E , Carrière Yves , Matzkin Luciano M 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCrops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis have advanced pest management, but their benefits are diminished when pests evolve resistance. Elucidating the genetic basis of pest resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins can improve resistance monitoring, resistance management, and the design of new insecticides. Here, we investigated the genetic basis of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in the lepidopteran Helicoverpa zea, one of the most damaging crop pests in the United States. To facilitate this research, we built the first chromosome-level genome assembly for this species, which has 31 chromosomes containing 375 Mb and 15,482 predicted proteins. Using a genome-wide association study, fine-scale mapping, and RNA-seq, we identified a 250-kb quantitative trait locus on chromosome 13 that was strongly associated with resistance in a strain of Helicoverpa zea that had been selected for resistance in the field and lab. The mutation in this quantitative trait locus contributed to but was not sufficient for resistance, which implies alleles in more than one gene contributed to resistance. This quantitative trait locus contains no genes with a previously reported role in resistance or susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. However, in resistant insects, this quantitative trait locus has a premature stop codon in a kinesin gene, which is a primary candidate as a mutation contributing to resistance. We found no changes in gene sequence or expression consistently associated with resistance for 11 genes previously implicated in lepidopteran resistance to Cry1Ac. Thus, the results reveal a novel and polygenic basis of resistance.
The facilitators and barriers to exercise in the Noongar Aboriginal population in Perth, Australia
Authors: Esgin Tuguy , Hersh Deborah , Rowley Kevin , Macniven Rona , Crouch Alan , Halaki Mark , Newton Robert 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Indigenous Standpoint Theory forms the epistemological foundation for this study and methodological choices were made within this theoretical framework to ensure culturally responsive research processes that engaged the Indigenous agenda of self-determination and rights. The objectives of this research were to determine: (i) Indigenous perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to exercise; (ii) The potential feasibility and sustainability of an exercise intervention. In this context, Participatory Action Research methods were used to design the data-gathering instrument for the study—a questionnaire, co-designed with the Noongar Aboriginal community of Perth, Western Australia. This self-administered questionnaire, distributed to participants by email, post and manual delivery, sought to elicit the factors that impact uptake and retention of regular exercise activities. Questionnaire data included individual demographic detail and specific question responses on labelled 5 point Likert Scales. Specific question responses were tabulated by Likert Scale label category and the response distribution for each question was enumerated. Simple descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency and variance) were used to characterize the data set and the Chi squared test was used to evaluate frequency differences between males and females. A total of 133 participants (71 females) completed the questionnaire. The results indicated that people valued exercise. The most common barriers indicated by participants were exercising with an injury (63%), changing diet (58%), finding time to exercise every day (55%) and exercising the next day with pain from exercising the day before (54%). A larger proportion of males (34%) than females (24%) reported greater ease in finding time to exercise every day (p &lt; 0.05). Facilitators mainly related to the potential social and community benefits of exercising with other people, preferably in small groups, and the importance of a culturally secure venue. These findings shed light on what a culturally secure exercise programme might involve for the Noongar community. As this may have implications for other Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and international First Nations’ Peoples, more focused research is needed on the place of traditional physical activities and the nature of culturally secure exercise programmes and spaces to enable wider application.
The fall and rise of industry participation in fisheries science – a European story
Authors: Mackinson Steven 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased on the Buckland Professor lecture for 2021–2022, this story uses a hypothetical sketch of how the relationship between the fishing industry and scientists evolved over the last century to provide a starting point for a personal account of changes in Science Industry Research Collaboration (SIRC). After a period in the doldrums, SIRC is burgeoning in debate and in practice. Focussing on experiences in the European arena, this story looks at why SIRC is gaining momentum, what is needed to make it useful and meaningful for those involved, and the reasons why there is hope that it is here to stay.
Estimating the long-term effects of mass screening for latent and active tuberculosis in the Marshall Islands
Authors: Ragonnet Romain , Williams Bridget M , Largen Angela , Nasa Joaquin , Jack Tom , Langinlur Mailynn K , Ko Eunyoung , Rahevar Kalpeshsinh , Islam Tauhid , Denholm Justin T , Marais Ben J , Marks Guy B , McBryde Emma S , Trauer James M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Ambitious population-based screening programmes for latent and active tuberculosis (TB) were implemented in the Republic of the Marshall Islands in 2017 and 2018.

Methods
We used a transmission dynamic model of TB informed by local data to capture the Marshall Islands epidemic’s historical dynamics. We then used the model to project the future epidemic trajectory following the active screening interventions, as well as considering a counterfactual scenario with no intervention. We also simulated future scenarios including periodic interventions similar to those previously implemented, to assess their ability to reach the End TB Strategy targets and TB pre-elimination in the Marshall Islands.

Results
The screening activities conducted in 2017 and 2018 were estimated to have reduced TB incidence and mortality by around one-third in 2020, and are predicted to achieve the End TB Strategy milestone of 50% incidence reduction by 2025 compared with 2015. Screening interventions had a considerably greater impact when latent TB screening and treatment were included, compared with active case finding alone. Such combined programmes implemented at the national level could achieve TB pre-elimination around 2040 if repeated every 2 years.

Conclusions
Our model suggests that it would be possible to achieve TB pre-elimination by 2040 in the Marshall Islands through frequent repetition of the same interventions as those already implemented in the country. It also highlights the importance of including latent infection testing in active screening activities.
Increasing serotonin concentrations alter calcium metabolism in periparturient dairy goats
Authors: Zhang ZhiFei , Du Wei , Liu WenYi , Wong Braden T , Zheng HuiLing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Due to the large amounts of calcium transferred to milk from mammary glands, periparturient dairy goats face challenges with calcium metabolism disorder and hypocalcemia. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), the product of 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan (5-HTP) catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase 1, is a multifunctional monoamine thought to be a homeostatic regulator of the animal. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of intramuscular 5-HTP injections on calcium homeostasis in the goat mammary glands. In the in vivo experiment, 30 multiparous Guanzhong dairy goats were randomly assigned to 2 groups, one group was injected with 5-HTP intramuscularly and the other group was injected with normal saline. From the first 10 d of the expected date for delivery, 5-HTP or saline was injected into goats through the shoulder muscle every morning before feeding, with a dose of 1 mg/kg per body weight. In the in vitro experiment, goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC) were treated with 100 μM 5-HT for the evaluation of 5-HT in calcium transportation. The results demonstrated that 5-HTP treatment had no effect on the basic composition of colostrum (P &gt; 0.05) but increased the serum 5-HT concentrations on days −5, −4, −3, and 5 relative to parturition (P &lt; 0.05). The 5-HTP injection group had greater serum calcium concentration on day 4 and greater serum parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) on days −5, −4, −1, 3, 4, and 5 compared with the saline injection group (P &lt; 0.05). It was further confirmed that 5-HT could increase intracellular calcium levels by increasing PTHrP and decreasing plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPases1 (PMCA1) in GMEC (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, 5-HTP treatment in multiparous goats during the transition period from pregnancy to lactation is a feasible way to protect goats from calcium metabolism disorder.
Are amphipodsOrchestia grillus(Bosc, 1802) (Amphipoda: Talitridae) infected with the trematodeLevinseniella byrdi(Heard, 1968) drawn to the light?
Authors: Johnson David S 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA parasite can change its host’s behavior in spectacular ways. When the saltmarsh amphipod Orchestia grillus (Bosc, 1802) is infected with the trematode Levinseniella byrdi (Heard, 1968) it is bright orange and is found in the open unlike uninfected individuals. I tested the hypothesis that infected amphipods are found in the open because L. byrdi reverses their innate photophobia. During daytime treatments and when placed in a dark chamber, 0% of the uninfected and 20% of the infected amphipods, on average, moved to the light chamber after 30 minutes. When placed in a light chamber, 91% of the uninfected and 53% of the infected amphipods, on average, went to the dark side after 30 minutes. These results clearly indicate that O. grillus is normally photophobic, but not drawn to light when infected with L. byrdi. Instead, L. byrdi appears to neutralize the amphipod’s photophobia. Uninfected O. grillus are typically found under vegetation. I hypothesize that O. grillus with L. byrdi infections wander into open, unvegetated habitats randomly. In addition, 94% of infected amphipods could be touched by a finger in the field suggesting they can be easily caught by predators. Levinseniella byrdi infects at least three other amphipod hosts, Chelorchestia forceps (Smith & Heard, 2001), Uhlorchestia spartinophila (Bousfield & Heard, 1986), and U. uhleri (Shoemaker, 1930). The parasite-manipulation hypothesis suggests that the parasite-induced changes (conspicuous body color and neutralized light response) are adaptive for L. byrdi to make amphipod hosts more susceptible to bird predators, the definitive hosts. This hypothesis remains to be tested.
De novo cloning and functional characterization of potassium channel genes and proteins in the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) (Decapoda: Astacidea: Astacidae)
Authors: Ergin Bora , Saglam Berk , Taskiran Ekim Z , Bastug Turgut , Purali Nuhan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Current knowledge about the molecular properties of the crustacean ion channels is rather limited even if crustaceans have been widely used as a model in neuroscience. We cloned for the first time two different potassium channel genes from the freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823), one of the genes functionally expressed in the Xenopus oocytes. The open-reading frames of the genes were 1,203 and 3,447 bp, respectively. The nucleic acid sequence of the genes and associated proteins were similar to those of a typical potassium channel. BLAST analyses indicated that one of the cloned genes had a substantial similarity to an inward-rectifier potassium channel whereas the other gene was similar to a high-conductance-KCa type potassium channel reported in related species. Transmembrane topology and three-dimensional structure of the coded proteins were calculated and functional regions of the channel proteins responsible for ion selectivity, voltage sensing, gating, and calcium binding were identified. One of the cloned channel genes has been expressed in the Xenopus oocytes. Analysis of the expressed potassium currents confirmed that the cloned gene was coding a typical Kir-type potassium channel with ATP sensitivity.
Final report on plasma ctDNA T790M monitoring during EGFR-TKI treatment in patients with EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer (JP-CLEAR trial)
Authors: Naka Go , Yokoyama Takuma , Usui Kazuhiro , Ishida Hiroo , Kishi Kazuma , Uemura Kohei , Ohashi Yasuo , Kunitoh Hideo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Osimertinib is active against T790M-positive epidermal growth factor receptor mutant non-small cell lung cancer. We enrolled 122 sensitive epidermal growth factor receptor mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients who were planned to receive or were receiving first-/second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors without disease progression and monitored plasma T790M every 1–2 months using the cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2. We previously reported the concordance between T790M status in plasma and tissue. This is the final report on the sensitivity of plasma T790M and the efficacy of sequential osimertinib. The sensitivity was 21.1% (95% confidence interval: 6.1–45.6%). The best overall response was 25.0% (95% confidence interval: 9.8–46.7) in the plasma T790M-positive group and 28.6% (95% confidence interval: 8.4–58.1) in the plasma T790M-negative but tissue T790M-positive group. Median progression-free survival was 7.9 months (95% confidence interval: 4.7–17.5) for the former and 4.4 months (95% confidence interval: 3.0–N.E.) for the latter, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.74).
Forest Contracting Businesses in the US Southwest: Current Profile and Workforce Training Needs
Authors: Vaughan Damon , Edgeley Catrin , Han Han-Sup 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe surveyed forestry contractors in three sectors (logging, mastication, and trucking) across the states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. Our survey sought to gather current demographic and background information on contractors as well as establish how a forest operations training center might address their employee training needs. Most of the businesses surveyed were small, with owner ages tending to be high (over 50) but employee ages much lower (under 40). Finding skilled workers was identified as the greatest barrier to success by the respondents, underscoring the need for more training opportunities. The majority of respondents (86%) did not have access to any external training programs. Survey results indicated a high demand for training programs for forestry contractors in the Southwest, which could play a vital role for the region to achieve landscape-scale forest restoration goals.
Spatial patterns and determinants of Moraceae richness in China
Authors: Wang Hua-Feng , Xu Xiaoting , Cheng Xia-Lan , Liu Yunpeng , Luo Ao , Lyu Tong , Wang Wen-Long , Nizamani Mir Muhammad , Wang Zhiheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding large-scale patterns of biodiversity and their drivers remains central in ecology. Many hypotheses have been proposed, including hydrothermal dynamic hypothesis, tropical niche conservatism hypothesis, Janzen’s hypothesis and a combination model containing energy, water, seasonality and habitat heterogeneity. Yet, their relative contributions to groups with different lifeforms and range sizes remain controversial, which have limited our ability to understand the general mechanisms underlying species richness patterns. Here we evaluated how lifeforms and species range sizes influenced the relative contributions of these three hypotheses to species richness patterns of a tropical family Moraceae. The distribution data of Moraceae species at a spatial resolution of 50 km × 50 km and their lifeforms (i.e. shrubs, small trees and large trees) were compiled. The species richness patterns were estimated for the entire family, different life forms and species with different range sizes separately. The effects of environmental variables on species richness were analyzed, and relative contributions of different hypotheses were evaluated across life forms and species range size groups. The species richness patterns were consistent across different species groups and the species richness was the highest in Sichuan, Guangzhou and Hainan provinces, making these provinces the hotspots of this family. Climate seasonality is the primary factor in determining richness variation of Moraceae. The best combination model gave the largest explanatory power for Moraceae species richness across each group of range size and life forms followed by the hydrothermal dynamic hypothesis, Janzen’s hypothesis and tropical niche conservatism hypothesis. All these models has a large shared effects but a low independent effect (&lt; 5%), except rare species. These findings suggest unique patterns and mechanisms underlying rare species richness and provide a theoretical basis for protection of the Moraceae species in China.
Turbulent magnetic fields in merging clusters: a case study of Abell 2146
Authors: Chadayammuri Urmila , ZuHone John , Nulsen Paul , Nagai Daisuke , Russell Helen 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities (KHI) along contact discontinuities in galaxy clusters have been used to constrain the strength of magnetic fields in galaxy clusters, following the assumption that, as magnetic field lines drape around the interface between the cold and hot phases, their magnetic tension resists the growth of perturbations. This has been observed in simulations of rigid objects moving through magnetized media and sloshing galaxy clusters, and then applied in interpreting observations of merger cold fronts. Using a suite of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of binary cluster mergers, we show that even magnetic field strengths stronger than yet observed (β = Pth/PB = 50) show visible KHI features. This is because our initial magnetic field is tangled, producing Alfvén waves and associated velocity fluctuations in the intracluster medium (ICM); stronger initial fields therefore seed larger fluctuations, so that even a reduced growth rate due to magnetic tension produces a significant KHI. The net result is that a stronger initial magnetic field produces more dramatic fluctuations in surface brightness and temperature, not the other way around. We show that this is hard to distinguish from the evolution of turbulent perturbations of the same initial magnitude. Therefore, in order to use observations of KHI in the ICM to infer magnetic field strengths by comparing to idealized simulations, the perturbations that seed the KHI must be well understood and (if possible) carefully controlled.
Fast radio bursts as probes of feedback from active galactic nuclei
Authors: Batten Adam J , Duffy Alan R , Flynn Chris , Gupta Vivek , Ryan-Weber Emma , Wijers Nastasha 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are a promising tool for studying the low-density universe as their dispersion measures (DM) are extremely sensitive probes of electron column density. Active galactic nuclei (AGN) inject energy into the intergalactic medium, affecting the DM and their scatter. To determine the effectiveness of FRBs as a probe of AGN feedback, we analysed three different AGN models from the EAGLE simulation series. We measured the mean DM–redshift relation, and the scatter around it, using 2.56 × 108 sightlines at 131 redshift (z) bins between 0 ≤ z ≤ 3. While the DM–redshift relation itself is highly robust against different AGN feedback models, significant differences are detected in the scatter around the mean: weaker feedback leads to more scatter. We find that ∼104 localized FRBs are needed to discriminate between the scatter in standard feedback and stronger, more intermittent feedback models. The number of FRBs required is dependent on the redshift distribution of the detected population. A lognormal redshift distribution at z = 0.5 requires approximately 50 per cent fewer localized FRBs than a distribution centred at z = 1. With the Square Kilometre Array expected to detect &gt;103 FRBs per day, in the future, FRBs will be able to provide constraints on AGN feedback.