bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐related differences in the trends and outcomes of trans‐septal transcatheter mitral valve replacement: Insights from the National Readmissions Database
Authors: Elbadawi Ayman , Tan Bryan E‐Xin , Sammour Yasser , Saad Marwan , Omer Mohamed , Baron Suzanne J. , Sharaf Barry , Abbott J. Dawn , Gordon Paul C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of data regarding the sex‐related differences in the trends and outcomes of trans‐septal transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TS‐TMVR).MethodsThe Nationwide Readmissions Database (2015–2018) was queried for admissions for TS‐TMVR. Propensity matched analysis was conducted to compare outcomes with hospitalizations for TS‐TMVR among women versus men. The main study outcome was in‐hospital mortality.ResultsOur final analysis included 2063 hospitalizations for TS‐TMVR; of whom, 58.1% were women. The proportion of women among those undergoing TS‐TMVR increased from 50% in 2015 to 60.2% in 2018 (Ptrend = 0.04). Compared with men, women undergoing TS‐TMVR were slightly younger, and had a distinct profile of comorbidities. After matching, there was no significant difference in in‐hospital mortality among women versus men undergoing TS‐TMVR (7.8% vs. 6.1%, OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 0.79–2.13). Subgroup analyzes showed an interaction toward higher mortality with women versus men among patients with CKD (Pinteraction = 0.07). There were no significant differences between women and men in in‐hospital complications or length of stay after TS‐TMVR. Compared with men, women undergoing TS‐TMVR were more likely to be discharged to a nursing facility (17.7% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.01) and had higher rates of 30‐day readmissions (22.4% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.01).ConclusionThis nationwide analysis showed an increase in the proportion of women among patients undergoing TS‐TMVR during the study years. There were no differences in in‐hospital mortality, in‐hospital complications, or length of stay between both sexes following TS‐TMVR. Women were more likely to be discharged to nursing facilities and had higher rates of readmission at 30 days even after propensity matching.
Exploring the Mechanism of Cr(VI) Catalyzed Hypochlorous Acid Decomposition**
Authors: Busch Michael , Simic Nina , Ahlberg Elisabet 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChlorate is produced through electrolysis of a chloride containing electrolyte in an undivided cell. Cr(VI) is added to the electrolyte in order to minimize the amount of oxygen formed through the homogeneous decomposition of hypochlorite. Despite the importance of Cr(VI) for the chlorate process we posses only very limited knowledge regarding the active Cr(VI) species and mechanisms through which it aids chlorate formation and inhibits O2 evolution. Using density functional theory (DFT) modeling we present for the first time a detailed reaction mechanism for the chromate catalyzed chlorate formation. Our calculations indicate, that the reaction is initialized by the formation of a Cr(VI)‐O−ClOCl species which forms Cr(VI)‐OClO intermediate. This step is found to be rate determining with a rate constant which is comparable to the disproportionation reaction without catalyst. Chlorate is then obtained either through an uncatalyzed oxidation of chlorite to chlorate or the nucleophilic attack of OCl− followed by a second Cl− elimination step. The comparison of the activity of the different Cr(VI) species reveals that only CrO42− is active whereas HCrO4− and Cr2O72− display sluggish kinetics.
Oxygen‐Functionalized Boron Nitride for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane – The Case for Supported Liquid Phase Catalysis
Authors: Schmatz‐Engert Patrick , Herold Felix , Heinschke Silvio , Totzauer Lea , Hofmann Kathrin , Drochner Alfons , Weidenkaff Anke , Schneider Jörg J. , Albert Barbara , Qi Wei , Etzold Bastian J. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBoron and boron containing materials have created a new class of catalysts for the highly selective conversion of light alkanes to building block olefins. Boron oxide species seem to play an essential role for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. For boron nitride they are created through an induction process under reaction conditions. It is still not obvious how different kinds of oxidative pre‐activation influences the observed activity and selectivity. Here we compare two different oxygen activation strategies of boron nitride, a classical activation by calcination at different temperatures and ball‐milling with varying rotation velocity. These treatments allow to control the amount of introduced boron oxide species from 0.2 to 17.5 wt.‐%, as quantified by alkalimetric titration. The catalytic experimental data together with the pre, post as well as in situ characterization, give insights how the catalyst's surface changes under reaction conditions. On this backdrop it can be deduced that molten boron oxide predominantly acts as catalyst under reaction conditions, and boron nitride as catalyst support.
Dye‐Conjugated Spinach RNA by Genetic Alphabet Expansion
Authors: Lee Kyung Hyun , Kimoto Michiko , Kawai Gota , Okamoto Itaru , Fin Andrea , Hirao Ichiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLight‐emitting systems using an RNA aptamer‐dye pair, such as Spinach RNA, are an attractive method for imaging and tracing RNA expression in vitro and in vivo. We present an alternative Spinach method by genetic alphabet expansion using an unnatural base pair system, in which a dye‐conjugated unnatural base substrate is site‐specifically incorporated at a specific position in Spinach RNA by transcription involving the third base pair. The incorporation position was predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. This dye‐conjugated Spinach RNA increased the thermal stability of the fluorescence, the robustness against ion sensitivity, and the resistance against photobleaching. Furthermore, we applied our method to Baby Spinach, a shorter version of Spinach, for dye conjugation toward the visible detection of transcripts. This is the first demonstration of an alternative RNA imaging method for a detection system using genetic alphabet expansion.
Steady‐State and Dynamic Bioanalysis using Carbon Quantum Dot‐based Luminescence Probes
Authors: Liu Yang , Zheng Jiaojiao , Liu Wencai , Yuan Zhiqin , Lu Chao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarbon quantum dots (CQDs) with excellent biocompatibility, tunable emission and designable surface composition have been widely applied for luminescent sensing of diverse biological targets. In addition to homogeneous bioanalysis, dynamic bioanalysis of biological analytes is also achieved with the combination of single‐particle imaging technique. In this review, we majorly conclude the recently adopted steady‐state and dynamic bioanalysis based on CQD luminescence probes. The synthesis and luminescence mechanism of CQDs is first introduced. Regarding the CQD‐based luminescent bioanalysis, sensing principles and tactics are provided. The steady‐state bioanalysis systems are discussed according to the targets. Dynamic bioanalysis platforms are concluded in two aspects: time‐dependent accumulation and real‐time dynamics. This review ends with the discussion of challenges and future trends of CQD probe‐based luminescent bioanalysis.
Development of a Chitosan/Nickel Phthalocyanine Composite Based Conductometric Micro‐sensor for Methanol Detection
Authors: Musa Ibrahim , Raffin Guy , Hangouet Marie , Martin Marie , Alcacer Albert , Zine Nadia , Bellagambi Francesca , Jaffrezic‐Renault Nicole , Errachid Abdelhamid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThin‐film composite of chitosan/nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) was electrochemically deposited on the fingers of interdigitated gold electrodes, applying chronoamperometric polymerization technique. The presence of crystallized NiPc in the chitosan was confirmed by EDX and FTIR analysis. Acetone, ethanol, and methanol gas‐sensing properties of the films prepared at optimum conditions were studied at atmospheric temperature, through differential measurements at an optimized frequency of 10 kHz, using a lock‐in amplifier. The conductometric sensor presents the highest sensitivity of 60.2 μS.cm−1(v/v) for methanol and 700 ppm as the limit of detection. For validation, the methanol content of a commercial rubbing alcohol was determined.
Hybrid energy storage system topology approaches for use in transport vehicles: A review
Authors: Lencwe Mpho J. , Chowdhury Shyama P. Daniel , Olwal Thomas O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh peak current for vehicle starting, recuperation of regenerative braking energy, longer battery lifespan, and more significant acceleration among others in modern transport vehicles (TVs) require increased battery size. Moreover, batteries have high energy density and low power density. Therefore, a big battery pack can weigh more, shorten its lifespan, increase vehicle total mass, and increase battery degradation costs. On the one hand, higher power energy storage systems (ESSs) such as supercapacitors, lithium‐ion capacitors, and superconducting magnetic ESSs have a lower energy density, higher power density, and greater lifespan. Thus, to satisfy the requirements of modern TVs, the combination of higher energy and higher power density can provide enhanced performance and a longer battery lifespan for these vehicles. Available research publications in the literature have addressed a similar problem. However, these publications have reported the findings separately, providing various research and conclusions. Currently, no available literature has compiled an intelligible and combined analysis for addressing hybrid ESS configurations, sizing methods, and energy management strategies to create further knowledge in this domain. There is a need to consolidate a compact and insightful knowledge toward this research direction for a more significant societal and industrial impact. This paper critically reviews the hybrid higher energy density batteries and higher power density ESSs used in TVs. It discusses the integration configurations, applications, and provides sizing methods to achieve the best hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs). Also, applied control methods are described for these HESSs such that the overall system performance matches the vehicle requirements. Lastly, it provides insights and future research direction for HESS configuration, sizing, and control.
Does the tail risk index matter in forecasting downside risk?
Authors: Hung Jui‐Cheng , Liu Hung‐Chun , Yang J. Jimmy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study employs an augmented realized GARCH (RGARCH) model to examine whether two well‐known tail risk measures, namely the SKEW and VVIX indices, can improve the daily value‐at‐risk (VaR) forecasting accuracy for S&P500 index returns. We find that the RGARCH‐VVIX model exhibits better predictive accuracy than the RGARCH and RGARCH‐SKEW models. The VVIX index provides economically valuable information in forecasting VaR. Given its ability to improve both accuracy and efficiency for VaR forecasts, the RGARCH‐VVIX model is helpful for a risk manager to determine capital requirement and for investors to assess the downside risk of their investments.
Poverty reduction through water interventions: A review of approaches in sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Gui Dongwei , Qi Zhiming , Liu Yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWater is a key factor in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of poverty elimination and hunger eradication. The regions of sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA) are stricken with absolute poverty, with 70% of the world's poor. These regions are mainly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Diverse rural livelihoods in SSA and SA demand water interventions with more fruitful and effective outcomes in terms of poverty reduction. Existing water resources are not yet fully exploited in SSA and SA as these regions have a significant potential of 43 and 169 million ha, respectively, for irrigated agriculture through various water interventions. Various water interventions to alleviate poverty through better agricultural productivity across SSA and SA have been identified in this study. Major water intervention options identified include actions to: improve rain water management in rain‐fed agriculture, facilitate community‐based small‐scale irrigation schemes, development and management of groundwater irrigation, interventions to upgrade and modernize existing irrigation systems, facilitate and improve livestock production and promote multiple uses of water. Investment in these water interventions will certainly help to break the poverty trap across diverse rural communities of SSA and SA.
Vertex‐regular 1‐factorizations in infinite graphs
Authors: Costa Simone , Traetta Tommaso 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe existence of 1‐factorizations of an infinite complete equipartite graph (with parts of size ) admitting a vertex‐regular automorphism group is known only when and is countable (i.e., for countable complete graphs) and, in addition, is a finitely generated abelian group of order . In this paper, we show that a vertex‐regular 1‐factorization of under the group exists if and only if has a subgroup of order whose index in is . Furthermore, we provide a sufficient condition for an infinite Cayley graph to have a regular 1‐factorization. Finally, we construct 1‐factorizations that contain a given subfactorization, both having a vertex‐regular automorphism group.
Latent class analysis of loneliness and connectedness in US young adults during COVID‐19
Authors: Schmidt Renae D. , Feaster Daniel J. , Horigian Viviana E. , Lee Richard M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in the United States has exacerbated a number of mental health conditions and problems related to prolonged social isolation. While COVID‐19 has led to greater loneliness and a lack of social connectedness, little is known about who are the most affected and how they are impacted. Therefore, we performed a Latent Class Analysis using items from two scales – the UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Social Connectedness Scale – to characterize different experiences of loneliness and connectedness, examine their relationship with mental health and substance use symptoms, including depression, anxiety, drinking, and drug use.MethodsData were drawn from an anonymous one‐time online survey examining the mental health of 1008 young adults (18–35 years old) during COVID‐19. A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to observe and identify classes based on responses to loneliness and connectedness scale items, and to examine the existence of subgroups among this young adult population.ResultsWe identified a 4‐class model of loneliness and connectedness: (1) Lonely and Disconnected – highest probabilities in items of loneliness and disconnectedness, (2) Moderately Lonely and Disconnected – adaptive levels of some isolation and disconnection during COVID‐19, (3) Ambivalent Feelings – displaying negative responses in particular to negatively‐worded items while simultaneously affirming positively worded items, and (4) Connected and Not Lonely – lowest probabilities in items of loneliness and disconnectedness.ConclusionKey findings include (1) the delineation of classes by levels of loneliness and connectedness showcasing differential mental health and substance use symptoms, (2) the utility of item‐level evaluation with LCA in determining specific classes of people in need of outreach and intervention, and (3) the promise of social connection to bolster resilience in young adults.
Single‐level cervical disc arthroplasty in the spine with reversible kyphosis: A finite element study
Authors: Hu Xu , Jiang Majiao , Hong Ying , Rong Xin , Huang Kangkang , Liu Hao , Pu Dan , Wang Beiyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOur previous studies found the single‐level cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) might be a feasible treatment for the patients with reversible kyphosis (RK). Theoretically, the change of cervical alignment from lordosis to RK comes with the biomechanical alteration of prostheses and cervical spine. However, the biomechanical data of CDA in the spine with RK have not been reported. This study aimed at establishing finite element (FE) models to (1) explore the effects of RK on the biomechanics of artificial cervical disc; (2) investigate the biomechanical differences of single‐level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and CDA in the cervical spine with RK.MethodsThe FE models of the cervical spine with lordosis and RK were constructed, then three single‐level surgical models were developed: (1) RK + ACDF; (2) RK + CDA; (3) lordosis + CDA. A 73.6‐N follower load combined with 1 N·m moment was applied at the C2 vertebra to produce cervical motion.ResultsAt the surgical level, “lordosis + CDA” had the greatest ROM (except for flexion) while “RK + ACDF” had the minimum ROM. However, at adjacent levels, the ROM of “RK + ACDF” increased by 4.05% to 38.04% in comparison to “RK + CDA.” “RK + ACDF” had the greatest prosthesis interface stress, while the maximum prosthesis interface stress of “RK + CDA” was at least 2.15 times higher than “lordosis + CDA.” Similarly, “RK + ACDF” had the greatest intradiscal pressure (IDP) at adjacent levels, while the IDP of “RK + CDA” was 1.6 to 6.7 times higher than “lordosis + CDA.” At the surgical level, “RK + CDA” had the greatest facet joint stress (except for extension), which was 1.9 to 11.2 times higher than “lordosis + CDA.” At the adjacent levels, “RK + CDA” had the greatest facet joint stress (except for extension), followed by “RK + ACDF” and “lordosis + CDA” in descending order.ConclusionsRK significantly changed the biomechanics of CDA, which is demonstrated by the decreased ROM and the significantly increased prosthesis interface stress, IDP, and facet joint stress in the “RK + CDA” model. Compared with ACDF, CDA overall exhibited a better biomechanical performance in the cervical spine with RK, with the increased ROM of surgical level and facet joint stress and the decreased ROM of adjacent levels, prosthesis interface stress, and IDP.
Anatomical and audiological considerations in branchiootorenal syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Biggs Kirsty , Crundwell Gemma , Metcalfe Christopher , Muzaffar Jameel , Monksfield Peter , Bance Manohar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveEstablish anatomical considerations, audiological outcomes, and optimal management in patients with branchiootic/branchiootorenal syndrome (BO/BOR).MethodsDatabases reviewed: Medline, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Collection, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Clinical or radiological studies of patients with BOR syndrome describing either the audiological profile or anatomical changes were included. Articles in which BOR syndrome was associated with other syndromes, and those that were focused only on general and genetic aspects of BOR syndrome were excluded. Articles were assessed using Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine (OCEBM) grading system and the Brazzelli risk of bias tool for nonrandomized studies.ResultsSearches identified 379 articles. Of these, 64 studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting outcomes in 482 patients from at least 95 families. In 308 patients, hearing loss was categorized as sensorineural (29%), conductive (20%), and mixed (51%). Hearing outcomes were variable in terms of onset, pattern, and severity; ranging from mild to profound deafness. One hundred sixty‐nine patients presented with inner ear anomalies, 145 had middle, and 151 had external ear abnormalities. In 44 studies, 58 ear operations were described. Mixed outcomes were reported in patients managed with hearing aids or middle ear surgery; however, successful cochlear implantation was described in all five cases.ConclusionThe anatomical and audiological profiles of patients with BO/BOR are variable. A range of surgical procedures were described, however lacked objective outcome measures. Given the range of anatomical variants, management decisions should be made on an individual basis including full audiological and radiological assessment.Level of evidenceNA.
Salt spray corrosion behavior and electrochemical performance of Al and Ti reinforced Ni60 coating by laser cladding
Authors: Chao Zhang , Dejun Kong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNi60 coatings with the additions of Al and Ti were prepared on S355 steel by laser cladding. The microstructure and phases of obtained coatings were analyzed using an ultra‐depth of field microscope and X‐ray diffraction, respectively. The effects of Al and Ti additions on the salt spray corrosion and electrochemical performances were investigated using a salt spray corrosion chamber and electrochemical workstation, and the corrosion mechanism was also discussed by the models of defect reactions and pitting corrosion. The results show that the crystal microstructure of Ni60 coatings with the Al and Ti additions is changed from dendritic to massive and granular. After the neutral salt spray test, the corrosion forms of Ni60, Ni60–Al, and Ni60–Al–Ti coatings are mainly pitting and intergranular corrosion in which the Ni60–Al–Ti coating exhibits the highest anti‐corrosion performance. The improvement of electrochemical performance for the Ni60–Al–Ti coating is attributed to the high compact structure and passive film, which provides fewer oxygen vacancies in the corrosion process due to the additions of Al and Ti.
Surface Adaptable and Adhesion Controllable Dry Adhesive with Shape Memory Polymer
Authors: Lee Sung Ho , Song Hyun Woo , Park Han Jun , Kwak Moon Kyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGecko feet consist of numerous micro/nano hierarchical hairs and exhibit a high adhesion onto various surfaces by van der Waals forces. The gecko, despite its mighty adhesion, can travel efficiently with a rapid adhesion switching due to the end of the hairs on the gecko feet are slanted in one direction. Herein, a shape memory polymer (SMP)‐based switchable dry adhesive (SSA), inspired by gecko feet, having tremendous surface adaptability and adhesion switching capability, is reported. The SSA shows not only high adhesion to the various surfaces (≈332.8 kPa) but also easy detachment (nearly 3.73 kPa) due to the characteristic of SMP, which can reversibly recover from a deformed shape to its initial shape. On the basis of the novel adhesion switching property, it is suggested the SSA‐applied advanced glass transfer system can lead to feasible application. This experiment confirms that an ultrathin and light glass film is transferred easily and sustainably, and it is believed that the SSA may be a breakthrough and a powerful alternative for not only conventional dry adhesives but also the next‐level transfer systems.