bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warum läuft Forrest Gump?
Authors: Wydra Georg 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungEs erscheint logisch, dass das Gesundheitsmotiv im Gesundheitssport als eine
notwendige und hinreichende Voraussetzung für ein
gesundheitsorientiertes Verhalten angesehen wird. An der Gesundheitsorientierung
des Sports hat die Sportpädagogik bereits in den 1980er-Jahren Kritik
geübt, weil hierbei das Sporttypische auf der Strecke bliebe und der
Sport bis zur Unkenntlichkeit verändert werde. Das Wesen des Sports
liegt in seiner Zweckmäßigkeit ohne Zweck bzw. dass er
autotelisch ist. Der Sport braucht keine besondere Begründung. Die
Beweggründe liegen in ihm selbst.Auch aus psychologischer Sicht ist im Rahmen von Gesundheitsprogrammen eine
intrinsische Motivation anzustreben. In verschiedenen psychologischen
Modellvorstellungen zur Motivation werden Abstufungen zwischen den Extrempolen
extrinsischer und intrinsischer Motivation unterschieden. External:
Gründe für Aktivität kommen von außen (…
die Krankenkasse finanziert Kurs). Introjiziert: Gründe werden
akzeptiert, sind aber noch nicht verinnerlicht (… der Arzt hat es
empfohlen). Identifiziert: Gründe sind verinnerlicht (…
für meine Gesundheit). Integriert: Selbstbestimmtes Verhalten (…
nicht nur für meine Gesundheit). Intrinsisch: Gründe liegen im
Sporttreiben selbst (… es macht Spaß). Angestrebt werden sollte
immer eine intrinsische Motivation bzw., dass das Sporttreiben Sinn macht und
nicht nur zweckorientiert ist.Das ist genau die Motivation, die auch der Filmheld Forrest Gump angibt, als er
von Journalisten gefragt, warum er unentwegt läuft. Er versucht zu
erklären, dass er damit keinen besonderen Zweck verfolgt. Er
läuft, weil es Sinn macht. Wenn also die intrinsische Motivation das
Ziel von gesundheitsorientierten Sportprogrammen sein soll, müssen auch
die Leitziele des Gesundheitssports kritisch hinterfragt werden.Anstelle der „Befähigung zum gesundheitsorientierten
Sporttreiben“ bzw. „Entwicklung bewegungsbezogener
Gesundheitskompetenz“ sollten Leitziele formuliert werden, die die
intrinsische Motivation in den Blick nehmen. Die Bewegungskompetenz wurde als
ein entsprechendes Leitziel formuliert: Bei der Bewegungskompetenz handelt sich
um das Insgesamt der Fähigkeiten, Fertigkeiten und Kognitionen sowie
emotionalen, motivationalen und volitionalen Voraussetzungen, um sich
freiwillig, selbstbestimmt, freudvoll und sinnerfüllend zu bewegen.
Prolonged Cholestatic Jaundice Associated with Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase IA Deficiency
Authors: Mirza Nida , Bharadwaj Ravi , Malhotra Smita , Sibal Anupam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) deficiency is a type of fatty acid oxidation disorder in which long chain fatty acids cannot be transported into mitochondria for further processing and storage in our body. Typically, the patients present with lethargy, hypoglycemia, and raised serum transaminase levels before 2 years of age. Cholestatic jaundice as manifestation of this deficiency has been reported rarely; here, we report an adolescent male with CPT1A deficiency who developed prolonged cholestatic jaundice following a febrile illness.
Health Insurance Coverage and Survival Outcomes among Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A SEER Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Diaz Ashley , Bujnowski Daniel , Chen Haobin , Pendergrast Keaton , Horowitz Peleg , Das Paramita , Roxbury Christopher 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives Insurance coverage plays a critical role in head and neck cancer care. This retrospective study examines how insurance coverage affects nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survival in the United States using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database.
Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 2,278 patients aged 20 to 64 years according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) codes C11.0–C11.9 and ICD-O histology codes 8070–8078 and 8080–8083 between 2007 and 2016 were included and grouped into privately insured, Medicaid, and uninsured groups. Log-rank test and multivariable Cox's proportional hazard model were performed.
Main Outcome Measures Tumor stage, age, sex, race, marital status, disease stage, year of diagnosis, median household county income, and disease-specific survival outcomes including cause of death were analyzed.
Results Across all tumor stages, privately insured patients had a 59.0% lower mortality risk than uninsured patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.410, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.320, 0.526], p < 0.01). Medicaid patients were also estimated to have 19.0% lower mortality than uninsured patients (HR: 0.810, 95% CI: [0.626, 1.048], p = 0.108). Privately insured patients with regional and distant NPC had significantly better survival outcomes compared with uninsured individuals. Localized tumors did not show any association between survival and type of insurance coverage.
Conclusion Privately insured individuals had significantly better survival outcomes than uninsured or Medicaid patients, a trend that was preserved after accounting for tumor grade, demographic and clinicopathologic factors. These results underscore the difference in survival outcomes when comparing privately insured to Medicaid/uninsured populations and warrant further investigation in efforts for health care reform.
Synthesis and electrochemical performance of V2O5 nanosheets for supercapacitor
Authors: Li Miao , Ai Taotao , Kou Lingjiang , Song Jiajia , Bao Weiwei , Wang Yong , Wei Xueling , Li Wenhu , Deng Zhifeng , Zou Xiangyu , Wang Huhu 
Published: May 2022

Electrode materials are the key to the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. This study reports the electrochemical properties of V2O5 supercapacitors. V2O5 nanosheets with different morphologies were prepared by controlling the solvent under a facile hydrothermal method. The phase and the morphology of the samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of V2O5 nanosheets with different morphologies were studied by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The charge transfers resistance decreases from 3.2 Ω of V2O5 particles to 2.0 Ω of V2O5 nanosheets. V2O5 nanosheets exhibit higher specific capacity (375 F g−1) than V2O5 particles (318 F g−1) in K2SO4 solution. The cycling capacity retention keeps 96.8% for 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 in K2SO4 solution, indicating better cycling stability.
The effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on synthesis and release of steroid hormones by the porcine conceptuses during the peri-implantation period
Authors: Franczak Anita , Drzewiecka Ewa Monika , Kozlowska Wiktoria , Zmijewska Agata , Wydorski Pawel Jozef , Koziorowska Anna 
Published: May 2022

Context Electrical devices and power systems are the sources of EM-waves which propagate everywhere in the environment. Aims The study aimed to determine whether EMF induced changes in the steroidogenesis of conceptuses and whether progesterone (P4) may be a possible protectant against the effects of EMF radiation. Methods The entire porcine conceptuses were collected during the peri-implantation period (days 15–16 of pregnancy), divided into fragments (100 mg) and treated in vitro with EMF (50 Hz or 120 Hz, 2 or 4 h exposure), and examined to determine of CYP17A1, HSD3B1, CYP19A3, and HSD17B4 mRNA transcript and encoded protein abundance and the release of steroid hormones. Selected fragments of conceptuses were treated with P4. Key results In conceptuses incubated without P4, EMF at 120 Hz decreased androstenedione (A4) and testosterone (T) release after 2 h and increased oestrone (E1) release at 50 Hz and 120 Hz after 4 h exposure. In P4-treated conceptuses, EMF (50 and 120 Hz, 4 h exposure) decreased CYP19A3 mRNA transcript abundance, and increased (120 Hz, 2 h exposure) oestradiol-17β (E2) release. Conclusions The EMF radiation alters androgen and oestrogen synthesis and release from the conceptuses of pigs during the peri-implantation period. The P4 exerts protective effects on androgens and E1 release but it sensitises the conceptuses when comes to the mechanism of oestrogen synthesis and release during EMF radiation. Implications The effect of EMF radiation on the steroidogenic pathway in conceptuses may induce disturbances in their proper development and implantation.
Higher tree diversity is linked to higher tree mortality
Authors: Searle Eric B. , Chen Han Y. H. , Paquette Alain 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceDespite a significant amount of recent research describing how tree species diversity improves forest productivity, few studies examine how tree diversity affects tree mortality, which is a key ecosystem function that drives succession, composition, and competition. Using a plot network from across Canada and the United States, here we show that plots with higher tree diversity also experience higher tree mortality. This effect becomes even more prominent when tree diversity effects are modeled holistically; in particular, more-diverse plots have higher stem densities, translating into higher mortality probabilities. We call for the use of integrated model frameworks when examining the response of forest ecosystem functions to diversity, thus ensuring proper accounting of direct and indirect effects.
Deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson’s disease can restore dynamics of striatal networks
Authors: Adam Elie M. , Brown Emery N. , Kopell Nancy , McCarthy Michelle M. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is highly effective for treating the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the neural mechanisms by which DBS acts are unknown. PD symptoms are tied to altered brain rhythms in basal ganglia (BG) and particularly the striatum. We develop a biophysical model of a BG neural pathway and show how beta oscillations can emerge throughout BG in PD. We then establish a mechanism by which DBS in STN can interrupt these abnormal rhythms and restore the brain’s capability to produce and regulate normal rhythms lost with dopamine depletion. Our research suggests mechanisms to leverage striatal gamma and theta oscillations to counter aberrant dynamics and enhance the therapeutic effects of DBS.
Intermodel comparison for the radiological assessment of the Zapadnoe and Tessenderlo case studies with implications for selection of remediation strategy
Authors: Pepin Stéphane , Black Paul , Koliabina Daria , Paulley Alan , Bruffel Louise , Punt Adrian , Shubayr Nasser , Zhu Ming , Yankovich Tamara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Risk assessment provides a key input for determining the need for and extent of remedial actions necessary for sites contaminated with naturally occurring radioactive material or nuclear legacy sites. The choice of a modelling approach for risk assessment, and the corresponding toolsets should fit the assessment context, taking account of the complexity, and be clearly related to the questions to be addressed in the decision-making process. One of the objectives of Working Group 1 of IAEA Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments II (MODARIA II) Programme is to perform intermodel comparisons for case studies of selected sites, in particular, to help illustrate the applicability of different models and approaches as inputs to decision-making processes. This intercomparison exercise, which included the analysis of potential consequences on the management strategy for contaminated sites, has been performed for two sites: The former uranium mill tailings facility at Zapadnoe, Ukraine, and the phosphate processing facility at Tessenderlo, Belgium. Several models and computer codes have been used for one or both of these cases: AMBER, GoldSim, NORM And LegacY Site Assessment, Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRG)-dose compliance concentration calculator, and RESRAD-OFFSITE. The assessments explore the implications of using differing assessment frameworks and assumptions, as well as alternative modelling tools, on model outputs and as input for corresponding decisions on remediation strategy. This paper reviews both similarities and differences in the results of assessments performed using these different models. It discusses how different approaches can complement one another to help build confidence in the evidence base underpinning decisions. It also discusses the appropriateness of the different modelling approaches in a given assessment context. In one of the case studies in particular (Tessenderlo case study), the remediation strategy is essentially driven by the contamination of the site with heavy metals, such as cadmium. This has significant consequences on the choice of the most adequate approaches and scenarios for assessing the radiological risk and balancing their relative importance with other impacts. The development of a holistic approach to risk assessment is, therefore, highlighted.
Kidney transplantation or dialysis in older adults—an interview study on the decision-making process
Authors: Schoot Tessa S , Perry Marieke , Hilbrands Luuk B , van Marum Rob J , Kerckhoffs Angèle P M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
In older patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), the choice between kidney transplantation (KT) and dialysis may be more complex than in younger patients because of a higher prevalence of comorbidities and frailty. This study aims to provide greater insight into the current decision-making process by exploring the expectations, experiences and health outcome priorities of all stakeholders.

Methods
We performed semi-structured interviews with patients ≥65 years with ESKD (eGFR &lt;15 ml/min/1.73m2, KT recipient or treated with dialysis), patients’ relatives and healthcare professionals (nephrologists, nurses and medical social workers). Interviews were conducted until data saturation and thematically analysed.

Results
We performed 36 interviews (patients n = 18, relatives n = 5, healthcare professionals n = 13). Thematic analysis revealed five themes. Older patients’ health outcome priorities were mostly related to quality of life (QOL). Individual older patients showed marked differences in the preferred level of engagement during the decision-making process (varying from ‘wants to be in the lead’ to ‘follows the nephrologist’) and in informational needs (varying from evidence-based to experience-based). On the contrary, healthcare professionals were quite unanimous on all aspects. They focused on determining eligibility for KT as start of the decision-making process, on clear and extensive information provision and on classical, medical outcomes.

Conclusions
The decision-making process could benefit from early identification of older patients’ values, needs and health outcome priorities, in parallel with assessment of KT eligibility and before discussing the treatment options, and the explicit use of this information in further steps of the decision-making process.
A computational framework to unify orthogonal information in DNA methylation and copy number aberrations in cell-free DNA for early cancer detection
Authors: Wei Qiang , Jin Chao , Wang Yang , Guo Shanshan , Guo Xu , Liu Xiaonan , An Jiaze , Xing Jinliang , Li Bingshan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) provides a convenient diagnosis avenue for noninvasive cancer detection. The current methods are focused on identifying circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)s genomic aberrations, e.g. mutations, copy number aberrations (CNAs) or methylation changes. In this study, we report a new computational method that unifies two orthogonal pieces of information, namely methylation and CNAs, derived from whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data to quantify low tumor content in cfDNA. It implements a Bayes model to enrich ctDNA from WGBS data based on hypomethylation haplotypes, and subsequently, models CNAs for cancer detection. We generated WGBS data in a total of 262 samples, including high-depth (&gt;20×, deduped high mapping quality reads) data in 76 samples with matched triplets (tumor, adjacent normal and cfDNA) and low-depth (~2.5×, deduped high mapping quality reads) data in 186 samples. We identified a total of 54 Mb regions of hypomethylation haplotypes for model building, a vast majority of which are not covered in the HumanMethylation450 arrays. We showed that our model is able to substantially enrich ctDNA reads (tens of folds), with clearly elevated CNAs that faithfully match the CNAs in the paired tumor samples. In the 19 hepatocellular carcinoma cfDNA samples, the estimated enrichment is as high as 16 fold, and in the simulation data, it can achieve over 30-fold enrichment for a ctDNA level of 0.5% with a sequencing depth of 600×. We also found that these hypomethylation regions are also shared among many cancer types, thus demonstrating the potential of our framework for pancancer early detection.
Seizing the Populist Moment: Towards a New Penal Politics?
Authors: Bell Emma 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the context of rising populism across the globe, penal populism has returned with a vengeance. However, somewhat paradoxically, this paper asks if the populist moment may be regarded as an opportunity rather than a threat when it comes to promoting less punitive solutions to the crime problem. This is a moment that appears to be marked by a strong desire for increased popular participation in politics, as exemplified by the gilets jaunes movement in France. It is argued that democratization of the policy-making process through greater representativity and accountability could respond to this desire while promoting justice, especially by refocussing attention away from punishment and demonstrating how political, social, economic and legal justice are inextricably linked together.
A convergent structure–function substrate of cognitive imbalances in autism
Authors: Hong Seok-Jun , Mottron Laurent , Park Bo-yong , Benkarim Oualid , Valk Sofie L , Paquola Casey , Larivière Sara , Vos de Wael Reinder , Degré-Pelletier Janie , Soulieres Isabelle , Ramphal Bruce , Margolis Amy , Milham Michael , Di Martino Adriana , Bernhardt Boris C 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental diagnosis showing substantial phenotypic heterogeneity. A leading example can be found in verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills, which vary from elevated to impaired compared with neurotypical individuals. Moreover, deficits in verbal profiles often coexist with normal or superior performance in the nonverbal domain.MethodsTo study brain substrates underlying cognitive imbalance in ASD, we capitalized categorical and dimensional IQ profiling as well as multimodal neuroimaging.ResultsIQ analyses revealed a marked verbal to nonverbal IQ imbalance in ASD across 2 datasets (Dataset-1: 155 ASD, 151 controls; Dataset-2: 270 ASD, 490 controls). Neuroimaging analysis in Dataset-1 revealed a structure–function substrate of cognitive imbalance, characterized by atypical cortical thickening and altered functional integration of language networks alongside sensory and higher cognitive areas.ConclusionAlthough verbal and nonverbal intelligence have been considered as specifiers unrelated to autism diagnosis, our results indicate that intelligence disparities are accentuated in ASD and reflected by a consistent structure–function substrate affecting multiple brain networks. Our findings motivate the incorporation of cognitive imbalances in future autism research, which may help to parse the phenotypic heterogeneity and inform intervention-oriented subtyping in ASD.
Long-range functional connections mirror and link microarchitectural and cognitive hierarchies in the human brain
Authors: Wang Yezhou , Royer Jessica , Park Bo-yong , Vos de Wael Reinder , Larivière Sara , Tavakol Shahin , Rodriguez-Cruces Raul , Paquola Casey , Hong Seok-Jun , Margulies Daniel S , Smallwood Jonathan , Valk Sofie L , Evans Alan C , Bernhardt Boris C 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigher-order cognition is hypothesized to be implemented via distributed cortical networks that are linked via long-range connections. However, it is unknown how computational advantages of long-range connections reflect cortical microstructure and microcircuitry.MethodsWe investigated this question by (i) profiling long-range cortical connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cortico-cortical geodesic distance mapping, (ii) assessing how long-range connections reflect local brain microarchitecture, and (iii) examining the microarchitectural similarity of regions connected through long-range connections.ResultsAnalysis of 2 independent datasets indicated that sensory/motor areas had more clustered short-range connections, while transmodal association systems hosted distributed, long-range connections. Meta-analytical decoding suggested that this topographical difference mirrored shifts in cognitive function, from perception/action towards emotional/social processing. Analysis of myelin-sensitive in vivo MRI as well as postmortem histology and transcriptomics datasets established that gradients in functional connectivity distance are paralleled by those present in cortical microarchitecture. Notably, long-range connections were found to link spatially remote regions of association cortex with an unexpectedly similar microarchitecture.ConclusionsBy mapping covarying topographies of long-range functional connections and cortical microcircuits, the current work provides insights into structure-function relations in human neocortex.
Sulcal depth in prefrontal cortex: a novel predictor of working memory performance
Authors: Yao Jewelia K , Voorhies Willa I , Miller Jacob A , Bunge Silvia A , Weiner Kevin S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The neuroanatomical changes that underpin cognitive development are of major interest in neuroscience. Of the many aspects of neuroanatomy to consider, tertiary sulci are particularly attractive as they emerge last in gestation, show a protracted development after birth, and are either human- or hominoid-specific. Thus, they are ideal targets for exploring morphological-cognitive relationships with cognitive skills that also show protracted development such as working memory (WM). Yet, the relationship between sulcal morphology and WM is unknown—either in development or more generally. To fill this gap, we adopted a data-driven approach with cross-validation to examine the relationship between sulcal depth in lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and verbal WM in 60 children and adolescents between ages 6 and 18. These analyses identified 9 left, and no right, LPFC sulci (of which 7 were tertiary) whose depth predicted verbal WM performance above and beyond the effect of age. Most of these sulci are located within and around contours of previously proposed functional parcellations of LPFC. This sulcal depth model outperformed models with age or cortical thickness. Together, these findings build empirical support for a classic theory that tertiary sulci serve as landmarks in association cortices that contribute to late-maturing human cognitive abilities.