bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The link between smoking, drinking and wages: Health, workplace social capital or discrimination?
Authors: Dilmaghani Maryam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing the Canadian General Social Survey of 2016, the present article examines how smoking and drinking associate with earnings. Among both men and women, those who drink have higher wages than the abstainers. The investigation of the channel of impact indicates that health and workplace social capital only explain a small portion of the drinking premium. There is a penalty associated with occasional smoking for men and daily smoking for women. Likewise, health status and workplace social capital cannot fully explain these gaps away. Further explorations, exploiting information on workplace size and union status of the employees, suggest that the patterns are at least partly driven by differentiated treatment and discrimination. The implications are discussed.
Remote programming of cardiac implantable electronic devices: A novel approach to program cardiac devices for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Siddamsetti Sisir , Shinn Alexander , Gautam Sandeep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with MRI‐conditional cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) remain a logistical issue for device programming during the scan. In current practice, a trained person needs to be present on‐site to program CIED for MRI scan. This can cause delay in patient care, rescheduling of tests and increase healthcare costs. A novel remote programming (RP) strategy can be utilized to reprogram the CIED remotely. We sought to explore the feasibility and safety of RP of CIEDs in patients undergoing MRI scan.MethodsWe implemented the Medtronic CIED RP software at our institution after ensuring HIPAA compliance. The MRI technician started the session by contacting an off‐site remote operator and placing a programmer wand from the 2090 Medtronic programmer over the CIED. The remote operator logged into a remote access software and provided a unique access code to the MRI technician. After entering the access code into the programmer, the remote operator was able to program the device as needed. We conducted a periodic audit of the first 209 patients who underwent RP of CIEDs for MRI. Outcomes analyzed were successful completion of RP sessions and time saved per scan.ResultsOf the 209 MRI scans, 51 scans were performed urgently. There were no connectivity and programming problems or need for MRI rescheduling. In‐person reprogramming was not required for any patient. All scans were completed safely in a timely manner, and there were no reports of CIED malfunction. Time saved per scan was estimated to be 28 ± 10 min.ConclusionsRemote programming of CIEDs for MRI scans is a safe and effective strategy.
Attention to audiovisual speech does not facilitate language acquisition in infants with familial history of autism
Authors: Chawarska Katarzyna , Lewkowicz David , Feiner Hannah , Macari Suzanne , Vernetti Angelina 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundDue to familial liability, siblings of children with ASD exhibit elevated risk for language delays. The processes contributing to language delays in this population remain unclear.MethodsConsidering well‐established links between attention to dynamic audiovisual cues inherent in a speaker’s face and speech processing, we investigated if attention to a speaker’s face and mouth differs in 12‐month‐old infants at high familial risk for ASD but without ASD diagnosis (hr‐sib; n = 91) and in infants at low familial risk (lr‐sib; n = 62) for ASD and whether attention at 12 months predicts language outcomes at 18 months.ResultsAt 12 months, hr‐sib and lr‐sib infants did not differ in attention to face (p = .14), mouth preference (p = .30), or in receptive and expressive language scores (p = .36, p = .33). At 18 months, the hr‐sib infants had lower receptive (p = .01) but not expressive (p = .84) language scores than the lr‐sib infants. In the lr‐sib infants, greater attention to the face (p = .022) and a mouth preference (p = .025) contributed to better language outcomes at 18 months. In the hr‐sib infants, neither attention to the face nor a mouth preference was associated with language outcomes at 18 months.ConclusionsUnlike low‐risk infants, high‐risk infants do not appear to benefit from audiovisual prosodic and speech cues in the service of language acquisition despite intact attention to these cues. We propose that impaired processing of audiovisual cues may constitute the link between genetic risk factors and poor language outcomes observed across the autism risk spectrum and may represent a promising endophenotype in autism.
Heat and mass transfer modeling and quality changes during deep fat frying: A comprehensive review
Authors: Dash Kshirod K. , Sharma Maanas , Tiwari Ajita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe deep fat frying of food involves simultaneous heat and mass transfer between the food product and surrounding oil and hence the frying operation is complex in nature. Heat is transferred from the frying medium to the product surface by convection and from the surface to the core of the food through conduction. The specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and convective heat transfer coefficient are the major factors that greatly affect the rate of heat transfer. The heat transfer study for deep fat frying of food products revealed that the Fourier number was in the range of 0.1–0.5. The fat uptake and moisture loss are the primary modes of mass transfer during this process. For deep fat frying, the mass transfer coefficient for different food materials was found to be in the range of 10−4–10−6 m/s. The moisture diffusivity for various food materials was measured in the range of 10−6–10−10 m2/s. This review presents the different models implemented to assess the heat and mass transfer parameters during deep‐fat frying of different food materials. The effects of frying process parameters on color, texture, and different physical properties of fried food were discussed. Overall, this review includes information related to the frying of different food products that will assist the food processing connoisseurs and industries in predicting and optimizing the frying process parameters to obtain the desired quality in the product and make the process energy efficient.Practical ApplicationsFrying involves the convective heat transfer from the frying medium to the surface of the food product and conduction heat transfer within the food. During frying, the moisture and oil transport are controlled by diffusion gradient and capillary flow. Most of the oil penetrates into the food during cooling through the channels and pores of the product. The physicochemical changes in the fried product are regulated by frying process factors such as frying oil temperature, frying time, and thermal characteristics of the food. The intense heat of frying imparts a rich aroma and texture to fried foods. Modeling and optimization of frying is very important in order to produce high‐quality fried food products. Heat transfer parameters such as thermal diffusivity, heat transfer coefficient, Fourier number, and Biot number are important in analyzing and improving the product's frying operation. The food technologists would be able to analyze the mechanism of oil absorption and produce low‐oil fried food products if they had a better understanding of heat and mass transfer.
Comparative study on the resveratrol extraction rate and antioxidant activity of peanut treated by different drying methods
Authors: Zhu Kaiyang , Liu Wenchao , Ren Guangyue , Duan Xu , Cao Weiwei , Li Linlin , Qiu Caixia , Chu Qianqian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResveratrol is a phenolic compound and has significant benefits for human health. Peanut, rich in resveratrol and with considerable biological activity, is generally considered as the raw material of functional food. Because of the low output of fresh peanut extracts, dried peanut powder often be used for extracting functional components. The effects of hot‐air drying (HD), infrared radiation drying (IRD), and microwave‐freeze‐drying (MFD) on the resveratrol extraction income and antioxidant activity of peanut were study. The most valid and economical method was IRD. The IRD peanut resveratrol extraction ratio was 33.5% and the DPPH free radical eliminate rate was 42.5%. The MFD peanut resveratrol extraction ratio was 40.9% and the DPPH free radical eliminate rate was 40.3%. However, the MFD energy consumption was the most.Practical ApplicationsThis study investigated the effects of different drying methods on the drying characteristics of peanuts and the extraction rate of the antioxidant active substance resveratrol. It was found that MFD could be used to obtain peanut powder with high resveratrol extraction rate and antioxidant activity, and IRD had excellent energy‐saving performance, and the relatively high extraction rate of the corresponding product is more favored by the industry. The results obtained in the current work would help the comprehensive utilization of peanut and provide new ideas for the food industry to extract natural compound.
Modeling colorectal cancer: A bio‐resource of 50 patient‐derived organoid lines
Authors: Engel Rebekah M , Jardé Thierry , Oliva Karen , Kerr Genevieve , Chan Wing Hei , Hlavca Sara , Nickless David , Archer Stuart K , Yap Raymond , Ranchod Pravin , Bell Stephen , Niap Ann , Koulis Christine , Chong Ashley , Wilkins Simon , Dale Trevor C , Hollins Andrew J , McMurrick Paul J , Abud Helen E 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. To improve outcomes for these patients, we need to develop new treatment strategies. Personalized cancer medicine, where patients are treated based on the characteristics of their own tumor, has gained significant interest for its promise to improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary side effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential utility of patient‐derived colorectal cancer organoids (PDCOs) in a personalized cancer medicine setting.MethodsPatient‐derived colorectal cancer organoids were derived from tissue obtained from treatment‐naïve patients undergoing surgical resection for the treatment of CRC. We examined the recapitulation of key histopathological, molecular, and phenotypic characteristics of the primary tumor.ResultsWe created a bio‐resource of PDCOs from primary and metastatic CRCs. Key histopathological features were retained in PDCOs when compared with the primary tumor. Additionally, a cohort of 12 PDCOs, and their corresponding primary tumors and normal sample, were characterized through whole exome sequencing and somatic variant calling. These PDCOs exhibited a high level of concordance in key driver mutations when compared with the primary tumor.ConclusionsPatient‐derived colorectal cancer organoids recapitulate characteristics of the tissue from which they are derived and are a powerful tool for cancer research. Further research will determine their utility for predicting patient outcomes in a personalized cancer medicine setting.
Individual fibre separation in 3D fibrous materials imaged by X‐ray tomography
Authors: Depriester Dorian , Rolland du Roscoat Sabine , Orgéas Laurent , Geindreau Christian , Levrard Benjamin , Brémond Florian 
Published: March 2022

SummaryModelling the physical behaviour of fibrous materials still remains a great challenge because it requires to evaluate the inner structure of the different phases at the phase scale (fibre or matrix) and the at constituent scale (fibre). X‐ray computed tomography (CT) imaging can help to characterize and to model these structures, since it allows separating the phases, based on the grey level of CT scans. However, once the fibrous phase has been isolated, automatically separating the fibres from each other is still very challenging. This work aims at proposing a method which allows separating the fibres and localizing the fibre–fibre contacts for various fibres geometries, that is: straight or woven fibres, with circular or non‐circular cross sections, in a way that is independent of the fibres orientations. This method uses the local orientation of the structure formed by the fibrous phase and then introduces the misorientation angle. The threshold of this angle is the only parameter required to separate the fibres. This paper investigates the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in various conditions, for instance by changing the image resolution or the fibre tortuosity on synthetic images. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to real images or samples made up of synthetic solid fibres.
“Motivations, demography, and clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder among people seeking cosmetic treatments: A study of 199 patients”
Authors: Dobosz Maria , Rogowska Patrycja , Sokołowska Ewa , Szczerkowska‐Dobosz Aneta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMotivations for getting aesthetic medicine treatments concern not only the improvement of the physical appearance but also internal aspects such as feeling more confident or happier. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a disorder that affects from 5 to 15% of aesthetic medicine clients and characterizes by an obsessive preoccupation with a non‐visible or minimal defect in appearance.AimsThe aim of the study was to assess the main motivations, demography, and clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder among people seeking cosmetic treatments.MethodsA single‐center study was performed using an anonymous questionnaire on 199 patients of the private aesthetic medicine clinic in Gdansk, Poland.ResultsA typical client of an aesthetic clinic is a woman aged 40 to 50, with higher education, who undergoes aesthetic treatments more than twice a year, mainly with botulinum toxin injections. The most common motivations are the desire to achieve a fresh look, the will to reduce the signs of aging, and to invest in oneself. Furthermore, over 38% of patients stated that they were having critical and recurring thoughts about their appearance, which affected their daily functioning and caused a decrease in their well‐being. Almost 20% of them performed repetitive activities, such as frequently looking in the mirror or asking others for opinions about their appearance. 15.6% of patients presented at least two characteristic features of BDD.ConclusionsPatients seeking cosmetic treatments may suffer from body dysmorphic disorder, thus the need for aesthetic medicine practitioners to be aware of this disease.
Effectiveness and safety of carboxytocin versus oxytocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Haiyan , Xu Lei , Li Yu , Zhao Shurong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study compared the effectiveness and safety of carbetocin and oxytocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodsA systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies published up to February 2019. Next, two independent reviewers screened the studies according to the selection criteria as well as the strategies recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Data were then extracted and evaluated. All statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.1.ResultsA total of 24 studies involving 37 383 patients were included for analysis. For cesarean section patients, carbetocin was superior to oxytocin in reduction of the need for additional uterine contraction (odds ratio [OR] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.35, 0.65], p < 0.00001), PPH (OR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.51, 0.95], p = 0.02), blood loss (mean [MD] = −64.36, 95% CI [−107.78, −20.93], p = 0.004), and transfusion (OR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.42, 0.82], p = 0.002), and there was no significant difference in severe PPH (OR = 0.84, 95% CI [0.66, 1.090], p = 0.19). For vaginal delivery patients, carbetocin was superior to oxytocin in reduction of the need for additional uterine contractions (OR = 0.48, 95% CI [0.25, 0.93], p = 0.03), PPH (OR = 0.28, 95% CI [0.09, 0.91], p = 0.03), and blood loss (MD = −63.52, 95% CI [−113.43, −13.60], p = 0.01), and there were no significant differences in severe PPH (OR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.40, 1.69], p = 0.59) and transfusion (OR = 0.60, 95% CI [0.22, 1.61], p = 0.31). With regard to safety, for cesarean section patients, carbetocin was superior to oxytocin in reduction of the incidence of headache (OR = 0.72, [0.55, 0.95], p = 0.02), and there were no significant differences in nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, flushing, tremors, itching, dizziness, and fever. For vaginal delivery patients, there were no significant differences in nausea, vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, flushing, tremors, itching, dizziness, and fever between the two drugs.ConclusionFor patients undergoing cesarean section and vaginal delivery, carbetocin was superior to oxytocin in effectiveness and similar in safety. Therefore, carbetocin is expected to be an alternative uterine contraction agent for preventing PPH.
Does the use of omega‐3 fatty acids as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy provide additional benefits in the treatment of periodontitis? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Castro dos Santos Nidia C. , Furukawa Monique V. , Oliveira‐Cardoso Ingrid , Cortelli Jose Roberto , Feres Magda , Van Dyke Thomas , Rovai Emanuel S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis review aimed to assess the impact of dietary omega‐3 fatty acids as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal treatment when compared with periodontal treatment alone on periodontal clinical parameters of periodontitis patients. We included only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with at least 3‐months follow‐up of non‐surgical periodontal therapy, in combination with dietary omega‐3 fatty acids. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS databases were searched for articles published up to October 2021. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted to determine the change in clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival index (GI) after therapy. Of the eight hundred eighty‐four potentially relevant papers retrieved from the electronic databases, 10 RCTs were selected for qualitative analysis, and of these, 8 RCTs were included in meta‐analysis. RCTs showed a significant PPD reduction/CAL gain associated with the use of omega‐3 fatty acids. The pooled estimates revealed significant overall PPD reduction of 0.42 mm (95% CI 0.15, 0.68) and CAL gain 0.58 mm (95% CI 0.24, 0.92). In individuals with periodontitis, the use of omega‐3 fatty acid dietary supplementation as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal treatment can provide additional benefits in CAL gain and PPD reduction, compared with non‐surgical periodontal treatment alone.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on rural and urban cancer patients' experiences, health behaviors, and perceptions
Authors: Peoples Anita R. , Oswald Laura B. , Ose Jennifer , Daniels Bailee , Himbert Caroline , Hathaway Cassandra A. , Gigic Biljana , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Lin Tengda , Grossman Douglas , Tward Jonathan , Varghese Thomas K. , Figueiredo Jane C. , Toriola Adetunji T. , Beck Anna , Scaife Courtney , Shibata David , LaStayo Paul , Gonzalez Brian , Salas Karen , Ashworth Anjelica , Matsen Cindy , Christenson Cristina , Ma Debra S. , Colman Howard , Hunt Jason P. , Jones Kevin B. , Lee Catherine J. , Larson Mikaela , Onega Tracy , Akerley Wallace L. , Li Christopher I. , Schneider Martin , Penedo Frank J. , Siegel Erin M. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Ulrich Cornelia M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted many facets of life. We evaluated pandemic‐related health care experiences, COVID‐19 prevention behaviors and measures, health behaviors, and psychosocial outcomes among rural and urban cancer patients.MethodsAmong 1,472 adult cancer patients, who visited Huntsman Cancer Institute in the past 4 years and completed a COVID‐19 survey (August‐September 2020), we assessed the impact of the pandemic on medical appointments, prevention/health behaviors, and psychosocial factors, stratified by urbanicity.FindingsMean age was 61 years, with 52% female, 97% non‐Hispanic White, and 27% were residing in rural areas. Rural versus urban patients were more likely to be older, not employed, uninsured, former/current smokers, consume alcohol, and have pandemic‐related changes/cancellations in surgery appointments (all P<.05). Changes/cancellations in other health care access (eg, doctor's visits) were also common, particularly among urban patients. Urban versus rural patients were more likely to socially distance, use masks and hand sanitizer, and experience changes in exercise habits and in their daily lives (all P<.05). Less social interaction and financial stress were common among cancer patients but did not differ by urbanicity.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the COVID‐19 pandemic had a substantial impact on cancer patients, with several challenges specific to rural patients. This comprehensive study provides unique insights into the first 6 months of COVID‐19 pandemic‐related experiences and continuity of care among rural and urban cancer patients predominantly from Utah. Further research is needed to better characterize the pandemic's short‐ and long‐term effects on rural and urban cancer patients and appropriate interventions.
The effect of bolus size on masticatory parameters at swallowing threshold in children using a hard, solid, artificial test food
Authors: Wintergerst Ana , Gómez‐Zúñiga Roberto Samuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effect of different bolus sizes on food breakdown has been studied in adults, but not in children. The objective of this study was to study median particle size (MPS) and other parameters of masticatory function at swallowing threshold (ST) in 8–10‐year‐old‐children with two different bolus sizes. A randomized crossover trial was undertaken in 89 eight to ten‐year‐old children. The study was performed with informed consent and ethical approval. The artificial test food used was made of a condensation silicone (Optosil Comfort) following a standardized protocol. Two bolus sizes (three or four quarters of a 20‐mm diameter, 5‐mm thick tablet) were randomized to avoid an order effect and tested in different sessions. Variables were: MPS (X50) at ST, number of cycles until ST, sequence and cycle duration as well as cycles/g. Comparisons were performed with paired t and Wilcoxon tests, regressions and correlations were run. Cutoff for statistical significance was .05. Statistically significant differences were found for all variables; X50 (2.5 ± 0.8 vs. 2.8 ± 0.7 mm, p < .001), cycles until ST (38 vs. 40, p = .022), sequence (25 vs. 27 s, p = .003), and cycle duration (650 vs. 683 ms, p = .015) and cycles/g (27 vs. 21 cycles/g, p < .001), three or four quarters, respectively. In conclusion, in children, as in adults, chewing on a bigger bolus size leads to a larger MPS (X50) at ST. When chewing on a larger bolus the number of cycles increases, but not enough to swallow the same particle size since the number of cycles/g is less with a bigger bolus size.
On Witnessing, Standing with, and Collaborating: Thoughts on Expertise, Knowledge Production, and the Ethics of Compensation
Authors: Burrell Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnthropologists have struggled with the issue of how to “give back” to the people who have welcomed us, collaborated with us, and become our friends. Expert witnessing for the asylum cases of members of communities that have opened their doors to us is one way of addressing uneven relationships and power dynamics. I provide expertise for cases almost exclusively from a place where I have worked for decades in Guatemala, a site of intensive migration. This contribution discusses the convergence of research and asylum claims, the donations to a scholarship fund I request as compensation, and the realm of the everyday in the construction of legal narratives.