bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method development for determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in industrial waste through gas chromatography/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Yuxiang , Yang Lili , Chen Changzhi , Li Cui , Zheng Minghui , Jin Rong , Wang Wenwen , Yang Nan , Li Yinming , Liu Guorui 
Published: May 2022

RationalePolyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are dioxin‐like compounds that are ubiquitous in the environment. However, their unintentional emissions from industrial sources have received little attention and there is no method available for determination of PHCZs in industrial waste. This research develops a method for determination of PHCZs in industrial waste.MethodsIn this research, a glass column packed with activated silica serves as a rapid and efficient clean‐up pretreatment for purification. An isotope dilution gas chromatography/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method was established for simultaneous determination of eleven PHCZs in industrial samples.ResultsThe regression coefficients of the standard curves for the congeners were all >0.99. The method detection limit ranged from 1.46 to 3.82 ng/mL for liquid samples and from 0.009 to 0.021 ng/g for solid samples. The precision described by the relative standard deviation ranged from 2.4% to 18.4% for liquid samples and from 5.5% to 35.8% for solid samples. The recovery ranges for the liquid and solid samples were 82%–123% and 83%–137%, respectively. 3‐Chlorocarbazole (3‐CCZ) and 36‐dichlorocarbazole (36‐CCZ) can be detected in both chemical bottom liquid from vinyl chloride production and fly ash from medical waste incineration by this method.ConclusionsAn efficient method is established for determination of PHCZs from industrial waste. The discovery of 3‐CCZ and 36‐CCZ highlights the importance of identification of potential industrial sources of PHCZs and clarification of their contribution to environmental risks. Our method could be applied to investigate industrial emission of PHCZs.
Evaluation of the green development level of tourism in ecological conservation areas: A case study of Beijing
Authors: Tang Chengcai , Zheng Qianqian , Zhong Quanlin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe excessive speed of development for tourism seriously restricts the sustainable development of ecological conservation areas (ECAs). In this study, we take Beijing's ecological conservation area (BECA) as the study area, and construct the model of the green development level of tourism (GDLT) in ECAs to measure and analyze the spatial–temporal evolution and factors influencing of GDLT in BECA. Our results demonstrate that the GDLT in BECA continued to rise from 2011 to 2017, but the spatial distribution was unbalanced. The main factors influencing GDLT in BECA have been the endowment level of green tourism resources and the construction level of the regional ecological civilization. The new method to measure GDLT in ECAs presented here can provide reference for the green development of tourism in ECAs. The findings can construct the theory of the green development of tourism in ECAs, and enrich the theory of tourism geography and tourism ecology from the perspective of the green development concept.
Phytoglycogen Encapsulation of Lanthanide‐Based Nanoparticles as an Optical Imaging Platform with Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Rodrigues Emille M. , Calvert Nicholas D. , Crawford Justin C. , Liu Nan , Shuhendler Adam J. , Hemmer Eva 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLanthanide‐based upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are largely sought‐after for biomedical applications ranging from bioimaging to therapy. A straightforward strategy is proposed here using the naturally sourced polymer phytoglycogen to coencapsulate UCNPs with hydrophobic photosensitizers as an optical imaging platform and light‐induced therapeutic agents. The resulting multifunctional sub‐micrometer‐sized luminescent beads are shown to be cytocompatible as carrier materials, which encourages the assessment of their potential in biomedical applications. The loading of UCNPs of various elemental compositions enables multicolor hyperspectral imaging of the UCNP‐loaded beads, endowing these materials with the potential to serve as luminescent tags for multiplexed imaging or simultaneous detection of different moieties under near‐infrared (NIR) excitation. Coencapsulation of UCNPs and Rose Bengal opens the door for potential application of these microcarriers for collagen crosslinking. Alternatively, coloading UCNPs with Chlorin e6 enables NIR‐light triggered generation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, the developed encapsulation methodology offers a straightforward and noncytotoxic strategy yielding water‐dispersible UCNPs while preserving their bright and color‐tunable upconversion emission that would allow them to fulfill their potential as multifunctional platforms for biomedical applications.
Non‐Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductor GaSe Nanobelts for Sensitive Deep Ultraviolet Light Photodetector Application
Authors: Wu Chun‐Yan , Wang Ming , Li Jingyue , Le Yuxuan , Fei Wu , Hu Ji‐Gang , Wu Di , Zhou Yu‐Xue , Luo Lin‐Bao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the authors report the fabrication of a sensitive deep ultraviolet (DUV) photodetector by using an individual GaSe nanobelt with a thickness of 52.1 nm, which presents the highest photoresponse at 265 nm illumination with a responsivity and photoconductive gain of about 663 A W−1 and 3103 at a 3 V bias, respectively, comparable to or even better than other reported devices based on conventional wide bandgap semiconductors. According to the simulation, this photoelectric property is associated with the wavelength‐dependent absorption coefficient of the GaSe crystal, for which incident light with shorter wavelengths will be absorbed near the surface, while light with longer wavelengths will have a larger penetration depth, leading to a blueshift of the absorption edge with decreasing thickness. Further finite element method (FEM) simulation reveals that the relatively thin GaSe nanobelt exhibits an enhanced transversal standing wave pattern compared to its thicker counterpart at a wavelength of 265 nm, leading to an enhanced light–matter interaction and thereby more efficient photocurrent generation. The device can also function as an effective image sensor with acceptable spatial resolution. This work will shed light on the facile fabrication of a high‐performance DUV photodetector from non‐ultrawide bandgap semiconductors.
NIR‐II Emissive Ru(II) Metallacycle Assisting Fluorescence Imaging and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Fan Yifan , Li Chonglu , Bai Suya , Ma Xin , Yang Jingfang , Guan Xiaofang , Sun Yao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the success of emissive Ruthenium (Ru) agents in biomedicine, problems such as the visible‐light excitation/emission and single chemo‐ or phototherapy modality still hamper their applications in deep‐tissue imaging and efficient cancer therapy. Herein, an second nearinfrared window (NIR‐II) emissive Ru(II) metallacycle (Ru1000, λem = 1000 nm) via coordination‐driven self‐assembly is reported, which holds remarkable deep‐tissue imaging capability (≈6 mm) and satisfactory chemo‐phototherapeutic performance. In vitro results indicate Ru1000 displays promising cellular uptake, good cancer‐cell selectivity, attractive anti‐metastasis properties, and remarkable anticancer activity against various cancer cells, including cisplatin‐resistant A549 cells (IC50 = 3.4 × 10−6 m vs 92.8 × 10−6 m for cisplatin). The antitumor mechanism could be attributed to Ru1000‐induced lysosomal membrane damage and mitochondrial‐mediated apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, Ru1000 also allows the high‐performance in vivo NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided chemo‐phototherapy against A549 tumors. This work may provide a paradigm for the development of long‐wavelength emissive metallacycle‐based agents for future biomedicine.
Construction of Bio‐inspired Film with Engineered Hydrophobicity to Boost Interfacial Reaction Kinetics of Aqueous Zinc–Ion Batteries
Authors: Gou Qianzhi , Luo Haoran , Zheng Yujie , Zhang Qi , Li Chen , Wang Jiacheng , Odunmbaku Omololu , Zheng Jing , Xue Junmin , Sun Kuan , Li Meng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc–ion batteries typically suffer from sluggish interfacial reaction kinetics and drastic cathode dissolution owing to the desolvation process of hydrated Zn2+and continual adsorption/desorption behavior of water molecules, respectively. To address these obstacles, a bio‐inspired approach, which exploits the moderate metabolic energy of cell systems and the amphiphilic nature of plasma membranes, is employed to construct a bio‐inspired hydrophobic conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) film decorating α‐MnO2cathode. Like plasma membranes, the bio‐inspired film can “selectively” boost Zn2+migration with a lower energy barrier and maintain the integrity of the entire cathode. Electrochemical reaction kinetics analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the bio‐inspired film can significantly improve the electrical conductivity of the electrode, endow the cathode–electrolyte interface with engineered hydrophobicity, and enhance the desolvation behavior of hydrated Zn2+. This results in an enhanced ion diffusion rate and minimized cathode dissolution, thereby boosting the overall interfacial reaction kinetics and cathode stability. Owing to these intriguing merits, the composite cathode can demonstrate remarkable cycling stability and rate performance in comparison with the pristine MnO2cathode. Based on the bio‐inspired design philosophy, this work can provide a novel insight for future research on promoting the interfacial reaction kinetics and electrode stability for various battery systems.
Electrocatalysis in Room Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries: Tunable Pathway of Sulfur Speciation
Authors: Wang Mingli , Zhang Hong , Zhang Wenli , Chen Qianwang , Lu Ke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBenefiting from the merits of natural abundance, low cost, and ultrahigh theoretical energy density, the room temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT NaS) batteries are regarded as one of the promising candidates for the next‐generation scalable energy storage devices. However, the uncontrollable sulfur speciation pathways severely hinder its practical applications. Recently, various strategies have been employed to tune the conversion pathways of sulfur, such as physical confinement, chemical inhibition, and electrocatalysis. Herein, the recent advances in electrocatalytic effects manipulate sulfur speciation pathways in advanced RT NaS electrochemistry are reviewed, including the promotion of the nearly full conversion of long‐chain polysulfides, short‐chain polysulfides, and small sulfur molecules. The underlying catalytic modulation mechanism that fundamentally tunes the electrochemical pathway of sulfur species is comprehensively summarized along with the design strategies for catalytic active centers. Furthermore, the challenge and potential solutions to realize the quasi‐solid conversion of sulfur are proposed to accelerate the real application of RT NaS batteries.
Incidence of alimentary and respiratory disease in brachycephalic dogs presenting to primary care veterinary practices participating in the SAVSNET project
Authors: Petchell William H. R. , Noble Peter‐John M. , Broome Harriet A. O. , Burrow Rachel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundBrachycephalic dogs clinically affected by brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome have been shown to have a high incidence of gastrointestinal disease, with French Bulldogs (FBD) identified as a particularly affected breed.MethodsClinical records of 750 brachycephalic dogs attending over 500 practices participating in the small animal veterinary surveillance network (SAVSNET) project were analysed in this cohort study to determine the incidence of alimentary and respiratory disease within FBD, Bulldogs (BD) and Pugs attending primary care veterinary practice. Electronic clinical records were studied for treatment or acknowledgement of specific clinical signs that could be attributed to different anatomical locations. Disease of the different anatomical locations was marked as either being present or not present which allowed for statistical analysis.ResultsSignificant differences in the incidence of oesophageal (p = 0.006), gastric (p = 0.001) and intestinal (p = 0.001) diseases were present among the breeds studied. FBD had significantly increased odds ratios of having oesophageal (2.0, 2.2), gastric (2.4, 1.5) and intestinal (1.7, 1.5) diseases relative to Pugs and BD, respectively. Pugs had significantly increased odds ratios of having upper respiratory tract disease relative to BD (1.9).ConclusionThe results show the incidence of gastrointestinal disease and upper respiratory tract disease is significantly different between the brachycephalic breeds studied. Furthermore, the general population of FBD has the highest incidence of gastrointestinal disease.
Unique expression patterns of the embryonal stem cell marker SOX2 and hormone receptors suggest the existence of a subpopulation of epithelial stem/progenitor cells in porcine and bovine endometrium
Authors: Lenz Jiri , Konecna Petra , Tichy Frantisek , Machacova Dominika , Fiala Ludek , Hurnik Pavel , Kyllar Michal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are currently insufficient data on the population of endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cells in farm animals.ObjectivesWith the aim of identifying a potential population of epithelial stem/progenitor cells in the porcine and bovine endometrium, this study immunohistochemically examined the expression patterns of the oestrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as that of the embryonal stem cell marker SOX2.MethodsA total of 24 endometrial tissue samples obtained from cycling pigs (n = 12) and cows (n = 12) were included in our study. Each endometrium was divided into basal, middle and luminal portions. The percentage of marker‐positive cells and the intensity of the immunoreaction in each portion of the endometrium were determined.ResultsInverse expression patterns of SOX2 and progesterone receptors were found in both animal species throughout the oestrous cycle. Strong diffuse SOX2 expression was detected in the basal portions of the glands, while a significant decrease in positivity and a weak immunoreaction were found in the luminal two thirds of the glandular epithelium. Strong progesterone receptor expression was observed in at least 90% of glandular cells in the middle and luminal portions, whereas weak staining and significant decrease in positivity were detected in the basal portions of the glands. One oestrogen receptor expression pattern resembled that of progesterone receptors.ConclusionThe inverse expression patterns of SOX2 and hormone (especially progesterone) receptors suggest that endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cells represent a subset of cells that reside in the basal portions of the endometrial glands in both the bovine and porcine endometrium.
Effects of riboflavin on boar sperm motility, sperm quality, enzyme activity and antioxidant status during cryopreservation
Authors: Dong Ruilan , Luo Lan , Liu Xiaobin , Yu Guanghui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding riboflavin to boar sperm freezing extender on the challenge of cryopreservation.MethodsDifferent concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 μM) of riboflavin were added to the freezing extender. Spermatozoa motility, membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and enzyme activities were analysed once 10 min after thawing. Q‐PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Caspase3, Bcl‐2 and Bax.ResultsThe results showed that the addition of 10 μM riboflavin to boar sperm freezing extender significantly increased the frozen‐thawed sperm progressive motility compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase improved after adding riboflavin to the extender (p < 0.05). During freezing‐thawing, the boar sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosomal integrity, plasma membrane and DNA at 10 μM in the riboflavin group increased by 6.6%, 9.6%, 5.49% and 5.62% (p < 0.05), respectively, compared with the control group. The addition of 10 μM riboflavin to the extender significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (p < 0.05) content, whereas it increased the ATP content (p < 0.05) of boar sperm during freezing‐thawing. Furthermore, the expression of Caspase‐3 and Bax (p < 0.05) were significantly lower, whereas the expression of BCL‐2 (p < 0.05) was greater than the control group when adding 10 μM riboflavin to the extender.ConclusionsRiboflavin showed cryoprotective capacity to the freezing extender used for boar sperm during the process of freezing‐thawing, and the optimal concentration of riboflavin for the frozen extender was 10 μM.
Successful treatment of carbon monoxide toxicity with high flow nasal oxygen compared to mechanical ventilation
Authors: Gazsi Katrina , Goic Joana Barandier , Butler Amy Lynn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo dogs were presented to the emergency room for suspected carbon monoxide toxicity associated with a furnace malfunction. Both dogs exhibited signs of impaired ambulation, abnormal mentation, and respiratory distress. Arterial co‐oximetry confirmed elevated carboxyhaemoglobin levels (27.6% and 23.6%). Initial treatment consisted of bilateral nasal oxygen administration. Due to progression of clinical signs, dog 1 was mechanically ventilated and dog 2 was administered high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO). After approximately 3 hours of treatment, both dogs had improved carboxyhaemoglobin levels of 4.9% and 5.2%, respectively, and had significant improvement of reported clinical signs. The calculated half‐life of carboxyhaemoglobin in dog 1 with mechanical ventilation was 150 minutes, and in dog 2 was 167 minutes with HFNO. Both dogs survived to discharge and no long‐term complications were reported. This is the first described case using HFNO as a treatment option for carbon monoxide toxicity in dogs.
A novel design of in‐line static mixer for permanganate/bisulfite process: Numerical simulations and pilot‐scale testing
Authors: Lei Han , Guan Xiaohong , Sun Yuankui , Yan Hexiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of chemical technologies to wipe out contaminants within an incredibly short period of time have been developed recently, while their application was always hindered by the inefficient or improper mixing of reactants. To address this issue, the present work proposed a new static mixer named Tai‐Chi which consists of blade, fin, and spoiler elements. Tai‐Chi mixer can slice and divert the solutions inside and generate high shear flow to promote mixing process. Numerical simulations helped to determine the optimal operating conditions for Tai‐Chi mixer, including laying its components anterior to the injection nozzles and keeping the velocity rate ratio of main pipe to branch pipe within the range of 0.5 to 1. Numerical simulations further proved that Tai‐Chi mixer could strike a great balance between mixing performance (coefficient of variation [CoV] reaches 0.1 within 5 to 7 pipe diameters downstream) and head loss (nearly a half of other high shear static mixer in the market). Data of pilot‐scale testing by Tai‐Chi mixer confirm that 80% sulfamethoxazole could be eliminated in permanganate/bisulfite process within 8 pipe diameters, as well as showed the superiority of Tai‐Chi's mixing performance in early stage compared with other static mixers in the market.Practitioner Points
A Tai‐Chi static mixer with blade, fin, and spoiler elements is devised.
The optimal condition of flow rate and installment of Tai‐Chi mixer is determined.
Ultra‐fast mixing is achieved by Tai‐Chi (CoV < 0.1 within 5–7 pipe diameters).
Pilot‐scale test verifies the mixing efficiency of Tai‐Chi mixer.
Full‐scale transition from denitrification to partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA) in deep‐bed filters: Operational strategies for and benefits of PdNA implementation
Authors: Fofana Rahil , Parsons Michael , Long Chenghua , Chandran Kartik , Jones Kimberly , Klaus Stephanie , Trovato Bob , Wilson Chris , De Clippeleir Haydee , Bott Charles 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study shows for the first time more than 2 years of operation of a mainstream anammox application at full‐scale under temperate climate. This implementation of partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA) in deep bed filters at the HRSD York River treatment plant was demonstrated to achieve the benefits of shortcut nitrogen removal without nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) out‐selection. The transition from denitrification to PdNA filters required bleeding ammonium to the filters using an optimized ammonium versus NOx (AvN) control in the upstream aeration tanks and maintaining a nitrate residual in the filter effluent through feedforward/feedback control. The latter actions led to savings of 85% in methanol, 100% in alkalinity, and 35% in capacity enhancement. Up to 6 mg NH4+‐N/L with an average of 2.2 ± 0.98 mg NH4+‐N/L was removed through the anammox pathway, which accounted for about 15% of the overall plant nitrogen removal. Anammox enrichment was confirmed by activity testing and molecular analysis. The large excess of AnAOB capacity present in the filters (5–10 times more than normal operation) resulted in stable and reliable operation through winter conditions and showed potential for further intensification.Practitioner Points
For the first time, long‐term mainstream anammox was established full‐scale through PdNA implementation in deep‐bed filters.
PdNA implementation required upstream aeration control optimization to provide a blend of ammonium and nitrate to the filters.
Efficient anammox enrichment and retention resulted in reliable PdNA performance under different seasonal and influent conditions.
PdNA implementation resulted in significant methanol and alkalinity savings and upstream capacity enhancement as ammonia removal depended less on aerobic nitrification.
In the event of NOB out‐selection and presence of nitrite, carbon savings in PdNA polishing filters can be enhanced via partial nitritation–anammox.
Metal‐mediated decarbonylation of phosphanyl‐phosphaketenes to afford phosphanyl‐phosphinidine complexes
Authors: Feld Joey , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of group 10 metal complexes bearing a phosphanyl‐phosphinidene ligand, [(H2C)2(NDipp)2]P=P (Dipp=2,6‐di‐iso‐propylphenyl), is reported. These compounds can be accessed by the decarbonylation of a phosphanyl‐phosphaketene with metal nucleophiles including M(PtBu3)2 (M=Pt, Pd) and Ni(COD){[C(NMes)(CH)2N]2CH2}.
Method for Evaluating Information Security Level in Organisations
Authors: Seeba Mari , Mäses Sten , Matulevičius Raimundas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a method for evaluating information security levels of organisations using a developed framework. The framework is based on Estonian Information Security Standard categories which is compatible with ISO 27001 standard. The framework covers both technical and organisational aspects of information security.The results provide an overview of security to the organisation’s management, compare different organisations across the region, and support strategic decision-making on a national level.