bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple fluid sources in skarn systems: Oxygen isotopic evidence from the Haobugao Zn-Fe-Sn deposit in the southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China
Authors: Liu Lijie , Zhou Taofa , Fu Bin , Ireland Trevor R. , Zhang Dayu , Liu Guangxian , Yuan Feng , Zha Xiangping , White Noel C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Diverse fluid sources and complex fluid flow paths in skarn systems appear to be well documented. Nevertheless, in situ microanalysis of oxygen isotopes by secondary ion microprobe (SIMS) in skarn minerals can provide further high spatial resolution information on this complexity and the formation of skarns and associated ore deposits. In this study, we investigated the Haobugao skarn Zn-Fe-Sn deposit (0.36 M tonnes Zn) in the southern Great Xing’an Range, northeast (NE) China, and the associated Early Cretaceous Wulanba biotite granite. Based on drill hole logging, four early skarn phases are recognized: proximal red-brown garnet-hedenbergite exoskarn, central green garnet exoskarn, light brown garnet-diopside exoskarn, and distal pyroxene skarn. Oxygen isotope analyses of garnet, pyroxene, and other minerals from skarn, oxide, and quartz-sulfide stages were carried out using SIMS to determine the origin and evolution of the skarn-forming hydrothermal system. Garnet from exoskarn has a much wider range in δ18OVSMOW, between –8.1 and +6.0‰, than other stages and minerals. The estimated δ18O values of fluids in equilibrium with the Haobugao skarn vary widely from –5.1‰ to +8.9‰, suggesting that the skarn formed via episodic flux of magmatic fluid and meteoric water. Low δ18O values of cassiterite and quartz from quartz-sulfide stage rocks are +1.2 to +3.6‰, and +5.7 to +5.9‰, respectively, indicating significant contributions of meteoric water during deposition of Pb-Zn sulphides. Therefore, meteoric fluids were periodically present throughout most of the stages of skarn formation at Haobugao.
Synthesis and structural analysis of CaFe2O4-type single crystals in the NaAlSiO4-MgAl2O4-Fe3O4 system
Authors: Ishii Takayuki , Criniti Giacomo , Wang Xiaoyu , Glazyrin Konstantin , Ballaran Tiziana Boffa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrthorhombic CaFe2O4-structured (Cf) Na-rich aluminous silicate (space group Pbnm) is a major mineral of metabasaltic rocks at lower mantle conditions and can, therefore, significantly affect the physical properties of subducted oceanic crusts. We attempted to synthesize single crystals of Cf-type phases in the systems NaAlSiO4, NaAlSiO4-MgAl2O4, NaAlSiO4-MgAl2O4-Fe3O4, and NaAlSiO4-MgAl2O4-Fe3O4-H2O at 23–26 GPa and 1100–2200 °C. Under dry conditions, single crystals of Cf-type phase up to 100–150 μm in size were recovered from 23 GPa and 2000–2200 °C. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and composition analyses suggest that the synthesized Cf-type phases have a few percent of vacancies in the eightfold-coordinated site with Na, Mg, and Fe2+ and partially disordered Al and Si in the octahedral sites. Iron-bearing Cf-type phases have 32–34% Fe3+ that is hosted both in the octahedral sites and in the eightfold-coordinated site. In NaAlSiO4-MgAl2O4-Fe3O4-H2O system, no formation of Cf-type phase was observed at 24 GPa and 1100–2000 °C due to the formation of hydrous Na-rich melt and Al-rich oxides or hydroxides, suggesting the possible absence of Cf-type phase in the hydrous basaltic crust. The single-crystal syntheses of Cf-type phases will be useful for investigating their physical properties, potentially improving models of lower mantle structure and dynamics.
Features of neurological status in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Zabirova K. R. , Gamirova R. G. , Gorobets E. A. , Gaynetdinova D. D. , Volgina S. Ya. 
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the features of the neurological status, characterizes group differences in motor functions in children with autism spectrum disorders depending on the presence and severity of delayed psychological and speech development.Material and methods. The analysis of data on the neurological status of children with autism spectrum disorders was based on 51 patients records for the period from 2016 to 2021; 43 boys (84%) and 8 girls (16%) aged 3 to 10 years. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to the criterion of the presence or absence of a severe delay in psychological and speech development. The first group included children with severe forms of delayed psychological and speech development — 23 (45%), the second — 28 (55%) patients with mild forms or without delayed psychological and speech development.Results. The children in the first group were characterized by the predominance of diffuse muscular hypotension (96%); stereotypies manifested in movements looking like «wings» (22%), other stereotyped movements (48%); disorders such as echolalia, ataxia, pyramidal insufficiency syndrome, and strabismus were equally common in both groups.Conclusion. Analysis of the data showed the predominance of several neurological disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders who have a severe delay in psychological and speech development and made it possible to identify neurological characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders regardless of the level of psychological and speech development.
Blood serotonin concentration in children with COVID-19
Authors: Khusnutdinova L. R. , Sadykova D. I. , Nigmatullina R. R. 
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 has a risk of thrombotic complications. Serotonin plays an important role in pathogenesis of thrombosis.Purpose. To evaluate level of serotonin and its metabolite in the blood of children with COVID-19.Methods. This study included 72 children aged 3 to 17 years. Of these, 43 patients (mean age 11.2 ± 4.8 years) diagnosed with COVID-19 without comorbidities made up the study group, 29 healthy children (mean age 11.8 ± 3.8 years) — the control group. Concentration of serotonin and its metabolite (5-HIAA) in the blood was determined using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Computed tomography data were used to determine severity of lung damage.Results. In our study children with COVID-19 aged 3 to 17 years had significantly higher serotonin and its metabolite levels compared to the control group. Concentration of serotonin in plasma in main group was 20–30 times higher than in the same-age control. The 5-HIAA/serotonin ratio in children with COVID-19 is significantly lower than in the control group. Levels of serotonin and 5-HIAA in children with COVID-19 depending on the severity of CT-scan lung damage showed no significant differences.Conclusion. Serotonin and its metabolite levels in plasma of children with COVID-19 is significantly increased. It may be related to platelet hyperactivation in SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased risk of thrombosis, which requires further research.
Laboratory indicators of nutritional status in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Rakhmaeva R. F. , Kamalova A. A. 
Published: November 2022

Children with cerebral palsy are at high risk of developing nutritional disorders: malnutrition, osteopenia, micronutrient deficiency. This is facilitated by motor disorders, restriction of actual nutrition, the presence of concomitant drug therapy, and metabolic features.Purpose. The study aims at evaluation of laboratory markers of nutritional status in children with cerebral palsy.Material and methods: for a comprehensive assessment of nutritional status disorders, a cross-sectional analytical study of 175 children with cerebral palsy was carried out. Laboratory studies included the determination in blood of: total protein, glucose, ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine, urea, vitamins A, E, B12, folic acid, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, serum iron, zinc, total iron-binding ability, ferritin, 25-OH vitamin D, parathyroid hormone.Results. Only in 5 (3%) children all the studied laboratory parameters were within the reference values. The most frequently observed in children with cerebral palsy were: 25-OH vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in 68% of children, a decrease in folic acid levels in 32%, an increase in vitamin B12 in 32%, a decrease in cholesterol in 26% and creatinine in 16.6%, a decrease in phosphorus in 14.5%, serum iron in 12.4% and an increase in magnesium in 10.3%.Conclusion. The detected deficiency of some indicators is most likely associated with an unbalanced actual diet of patients with cerebral palsy, although the reduced intake of certain vitamins and microelements was not always reflected in their blood concentrations (vitamin A, E, magnesium, calcium). The levels of zinc, vitamin B12 and A did not decrease in any of the examined children, which casts doubt on the recommendations of ESPGHAN experts in terms of prescribing them to all children with cerebral palsy in routine clinical practice.
Prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart defects in Kazakhstan: a single-center 8 years’ experience
Authors: Gorbunov D. V. , Abikeeva L. S. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose. To give a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the results of prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart defects in the Republic of Kazakhstan based on the treatment of newborns at the head cardiac surgery center.Methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 511 newborns with critical congenital heart defects treated at the National Research Cardiac Surgery Center (NRCSC) in 2012–2019 was performed. The proportion of those operated on was 474/511 (92.8%). The studied parameters were the presence of prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart defects (yes/no); prenatal diagnosis formulation; postnatal diagnosis formulation; discrepancy between pre- and postnatal diagnoses (yes/no); for a prenatally diagnosed newborn — the gestational age at the time of the diagnosis and the region where the diagnosis was firstly made.Results. Prenatally, 297/511 (58.1%) newborns were diagnosed. The rate of discrepancies between pre- and postnatal diagnoses was 62/288 (21.5%). According to the timing of the prenatal diagnosis, newborns were distributed as follows: first trimester screening — 20/272 (7.4%), second trimester screening — 139/272 (51.1%), third trimester screening — 113/272 (41.5%). Up to 22 weeks of gestation, 71/272 (26.1%) patients were diagnosed. Among the newborns treated at the NRCSC, the proportion of those diagnosed prenatally in different regions of the Kazakhstan varies from 20% to 100%.Conclusions. 1) Prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart defects is carried out in all regions of Kazakhstan, providing an acceptable level of detection; 2) in half of the cases, critical congenital heart defects are diagnosed during the second screening, however, there is an experience of their accurate detection as early as during the first screening; 3) individually, doctors of ultrasound diagnostics in Kazakhstan apply an extended protocol for examining the fetal heart; 4) a significant proportion of fetuses diagnosed before the 22nd week of gestation shows the choice of families in favor of carrying of a pregnancy when a critical congenital heart defects is detected; 5) the greatest difficulty for prenatal diagnosis is presented by patients with total anomalous pulmonary veins return.
Assessment of WRF microphysics and cumulus parameterizations in simulating heavy rainfall events over Badulu Oya catchment, Sri Lanka
Authors: Gimhan P. G. S. , Neluwala Panduka , Acierto Ralph Allen , Raghavan Srivatsan V. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Extreme rainfall events leading to severe hydrological impacts warrant an accurate prediction of such events not only on time but also in magnitude. Sri Lanka is a South Asian country that is frequently affected by severe tropical storms. The primary aim of this study was to improve heavy rainfall events forecast during the North-East monsoon over the Badulu Oya catchment, Sri Lanka. This aim was accomplished by simulating precipitation for two extreme North-East monsoon rainfall events using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model. A detailed comparison was made between the 24-h spatial distribution of model rainfall and observations obtained from rainfall gauges. Verification was evaluated based on three deterministic approaches. Each rainfall event was simulated multiple times using 15 different parameterization scheme combinations including six microphysics and four cumulus schemes at a 3 km grid resolution. The filtered best model combinations were validated using observations from another two heavy North-East monsoon rainfall events. The key finding from these evaluations was that model configurations with WSM5, WSM6, Kessler and WDM6 microphysics, and KF, BMJ and MKF cumulus schemes displayed the overall best performances. Therefore, these combinations have a good potential for operational use in numerical weather prediction over the said catchment.
Influence of the spatial configuration of available data on hydraulic conductivity estimates for a geostatistical-Kalman filter method
Authors: Júnez-Ferreira Hugo Enrique , Herrera Graciela S. , Ávila-Carrasco José Roberto 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Accurate hydraulic conductivity estimates are vital for groundwater evaluation. Usually, interpolations of hydraulic conductivity data are needed to obtain spatial estimates over larger areas, but the results present a high uncertainty which can be reduced by adding a secondary variable in the estimation. In this paper, the influence of the number and spatial configuration of hydraulic conductivity (K) and hydraulic head (HH) data on the estimation of K is evaluated using univariate and bivariate geostatistical-Kalman filter approaches (similar to kriging and cokriging, respectively). A synthetic case based on a transient groundwater flow model is used to generate different numbers, spatial arrays, and data. With these data, variogram models for the univariate and bivariate cases were fitted and used to calculate the corresponding covariance matrices for the Kalman filter. The results show that K estimates are more reliable when HH data is added than when only K is used, independently of the number and distribution of the data, since there is a better agreement between the calculated errors and estimate error variances. HH data provides valuable information only where K is not sampled. This evaluation could support the design of optimal sampling strategies to obtain reliable K estimates.
Inflow combination forecast of reservoir based on SWAT, XAJ model and Bayes model averaging method
Authors: Chang Zongye , Jiang Zhiqiang , Wang Pengfei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInflow forecast plays an indispensable role in reservoir operation. Accuracy and effectiveness of model prediction play a decisive role in it. In this paper, the certainty coefficient, root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute deviation (MAE) and Nash-Suthcliffe coefficient (NSE) are used to consider the effect of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Xin'anjiang (XAJ) model on the inflow prediction of Jinxi Reservoir. Results indicate that the certainty coefficient of XAJ model is 90.95% and SWAT model is 84.98%. The NSE of SWAT model is 84.42% and the NSE of XAJ model is 82.33% in which the NSE of the SWAT model is superior to the XAJ model. In view of this, based on the two hydrological models results, Bayes Model Averaging (BMA) method is used to study the inflow combination forecast. The SWAT-XAJ coupling model based on BMA method is proposed. During the calibration period and the verification period, compared with single model, the maximum increment of the deterministic coefficient of BMA is 2.87%, the maximum decrement of RMSE is 82.00, and the maximum increment of NSE is 6.80%. This shows that the new model can effectively overcome the shortcomings of single hydrological model and give full play to the advantages of different forecasting models.
Drugs in the GIST Field (Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Trial Staging)
Authors: Huang Chen , Ma Xinli , Wang Ming , Cao Hui 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Molecular targeted therapies are the most important type of medical treatment
for GIST, but the development of GIST drugs and their targets have not been summarized.

Method:
Drugs in the field of GIST were analyzed and collated through Pharmaprojects, ClinicalTrials.
gov and PharmaGO databases.

Results:
As of 2021, there are 75 drugs that have appeared in the GIST clinical trials. The six most frequent
targets in GIST clinical trials, in descending order of frequency, were KIT, PDGFRA, KDR
(VEGFR2), FLT3, FLT1 (VEGFR1), and FLT4/VEGFR3. Only 8 drugs are in preclinical research.
There are challenges in the development of new drugs for GIST.

Conclusion:
This article analyzes and summarizes the general situation of GIST drugs, the target distribution
of GIST drugs, and the trends in GIST drug-related clinical trials.
The Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib Alone and in Combination with
Other Drugs in Previously Treated Advanced Thymic Epithelia Tumors: A
Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Li Shuo , Zhou Haiyan , Zhang Xiqin , Bu Bing , Tao Rongjie , Zhang Hui , Yu Jinming 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare thoracic malignancies with no
standard second-line treatment. Tumor angiogenesis is closely associated with the pathogenesis and
invasiveness of TETs. Anlotinib is a small-molecule multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)
which inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. Published studies have demonstrated
the promising clinical effect of multitarget TKIs sunitinib and lenvatinib in previously treated TETs.
However, TKIs have a high incidence of adverse events (AEs).

Objective:
In this study, we investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of anlotinib in previously
treated TET patients.

Methods:
We collected clinical data of 22 patients from Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute
between October 2018 and March 2022. These patients were diagnosed with advanced TETs and
received at least the first-line (1st-line) treatment. We analyzed the clinical effects between anlotinib
monotherapy and anlotinib combination therapy in the second-line (2nd-line) or anlotinib
treatment in different lines.

Results:
These 22 patients included 18 cases of thymic carcinoma (TC) and 4 cases of thymoma
(T). 68.2% of patients were males, and the median age was 53 years. Fourteen patients (63.6%)
received anlotinib monotherapy and 8 patients (36.4%) received anlotinib combination therapy.
The objective response rate (ORR) was 9.1% in the overall patients. The median progression-free
survival (PFS) in the overall population was 12 months (14 months for T and 9 months for TC),
and the median overall survival (OS) was 24 months (survival was not reached for T and was 24
months for TC). The incidence of AEs was 50%, most of them were grades I and II, and the incidence
of grades III and IV AEs was 9%.

Conclusion:
This is the first study reporting the clinical effect of anlotinib in previously treated
TETs patients. The survival data indicate that the efficacy of anlotinib is superior to sunitinib and
lenvatinib. Our results suggest that anlotinib is a promising treatment option for previously treated
TET patients and its toxicity is tolerable. More research and patents are needed in the future to
explore better options for the diagnosis and treatment of TETs.
Combined Effect of Fluoride Mouthwash and Sub-ablative Er:YAG Laser for Prevention of White Spot Lesions around Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Ramezani Kaveh , Ahmadi Elham , Etemadi Ardavan , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad , Omrani Ladan Ranjbar , Akhoundi Mohammad Sadegh Ahmad 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Development of white spot lesions (WSLs) around orthodontic brackets compromises esthetics and necessitates additional dental treatments.

Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of fluoride mouthwash combined with Er:YAG laser irradiation for the prevention of WSLs around orthodontic brackets.

Methods:
Orthodontic brackets were bonded to 50 bovine incisors. The entire tooth surface was coated with acid-resistant varnish except for a margin around the brackets. The microhardness of the teeth was measured at the respective area using the Vickers hardness test. The teeth were then randomly divided into five groups (n=10) of control (Gc), Orthokin fluoride mouthwash (Gf), 100 mJ/cm2 Er:YAG laser (Gl), laser + mouthwash (Glf), and mouthwash + laser (Gfl). Then, the teeth underwent pH cycling according to the standard protocol for demineralization. The microhardness of the teeth was measured again, and the percentage of change in microhardness was calculated. The amount of calcium released during pH cycling was quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test.

Results:
Calcium release (indicative of demineralization) in the Gf, Gfl, and Glf groups was significantly lower than that in the Gc and Gl groups (P<0.05). The reduction in surface microhardness was also the same in the five groups with no significant difference (P>0.05).

Conclusion:
Fluoride mouthwash combined with Er:YAG laser or Er:YAG laser alone cannot decrease the incidence of WSLs around orthodontic brackets compared to fluoride mouthwash alone.
Búsqueda de Hantavirus y Arenavirus en roedores de Villavicencio, Colombia
Authors: Rojas-Gulloso Andrés Camilo , Sánchez-Lerma Liliana , Fuentes-Ramírez Duván , Chinchilla-Acosta Diego Alejandro , Contreras-Cogollo Verónica , Mattar-Velilla Salim 
Published: November 2022

Objective. To search Hantavirus and Arenavirus in small rodents and establish their spatial distribution in disturbed ecosystems in the municipality of Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia. Materials and method. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2018 to October 2019 in periurban and rural areas of the municipality of Villavicencio. Rodents were captured using Sherman-type traps and molecular detection of Hantavirus and Arenavirus was carried out by Polymerase chain Reaction technique. Results. A total of 50 rodents were captured belonged to 3 families and six species, the Muridae (76%) with the highest number of captured individuals, Cricetidae (22%) and Echimydae (2%). All samples were negative for the molecular markers of Hantavirus and Arenavirus. Conclusions. The study of mammalian hosts, particularly small rodents contribute to monitor diseases transmitted by these small mammals that act as reservoirs.
Effect of pH on Pharmaceutical Ingredients / Drugs / Chemicals
Authors: Amir Md , Alam Md Ashfaque , Aftab Md Fauwaz , Nabi Md Gulam , Alam Md Sadre , Rathi Jagdeesh , Thakur Sonpal Singh 
Published: November 2022

The word excipient is derived from the Latin excipere meaning to except, which is simply explained as other than. Pharmaceutical excipients are basically everything other than the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Ideally, excipients should be inert, however, recent reports of adverse reactions have suggested otherwise. Pharmaceutical excipients are substances other than the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) that have been appropriately evaluated for safety and are intentionally included in a drug delivery system. Solubility, which defines the liquid /solid equilibrium, is a key parameter to control a crystallization process. As the API is a weak acid (pKa = 3.7), its solubility increases with the pH. On the basis of the experimental curve of solubility, a model was defined to fit the evolution of the solubility as a function of pH. In the case of this compound, studies revealed a weak influence of the temperature in comparison with the pH. So, the solubility of the compound is slightly impacted by the temperature. Some experiments were carried out in order to compare the solubility of the API, at the same pH and temperature, for different concentrations of impurities found in the process. The results revealed a solubility increase in presence of acetic acid and a high solubility decrease in presence of sodium chloride. By carrying out experiments on common ions salts, the anion chloride Cl− has been identified as the cause of the solubility decrease.
Keywords: Solubility, API, Impurity, Ph