bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐challenging chemotherapy after pembrolizumab in platinum‐refractory urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Uchimoto Taizo , Fukushima Tatsuo , Komura Kazumasa , Fukuokaya Wataru , Adachi Takahiro , Hashimoto Takeshi , Yoshizawa Atsuhiko , Nakamura Ko , Yano Yusuke , Nishimura Kazuki , Nishio Kyosuke , Nakamori Keita , Iwatani Kosuke , Yamamoto Shutaro , Urabe Fumihiko , Mori Keiichiro , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Tsuduki Shunsuke , Takahara Kiyoshi , Inamoto Teruo , Miki Jun , Kimura Takahiro , Ohno Yoshio , Shiroki Ryoichi , Egawa Shin , Azuma Haruhito 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the real‐world clinical benefit of re‐challenging chemotherapy after pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), as there have been several reports suggesting that programmed cell death protein‐1/programmed death‐ligand 1inhibitors can restore platinum sensitivity.Patients and MethodsOf 236 patients treated with pembrolizumab, we excluded 45 patients who did not experience progressive disease (PD) for pembrolizumab during the follow‐up and 86 patients who discontinued pembrolizumab by the diagnosis of PD followed by the best supportive care. A total of 105 patients were identified for a logistic regression propensity score model to compare the survival outcomes between patients treated with continuing pembrolizumab (80) and re‐challenging chemotherapy (25) after the diagnosis of PD for pembrolizumab.ResultsA median overall survival (OS) from PD for pembrolizumab was 11 months in 105 patients. Of 25 patients treated with re‐challenging chemotherapy, platinum‐including chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin; gemcitabine/cisplatin/paclitaxel [GCP]; methotrexate and vinblastine and adriamycin and cisplatin; and methotrexate and carboplatin and vinblastine MCAVI) was offered in 20 patients (80%). The objective response rate (ORR) for the first‐line chemotherapy in the 105 patients was 30%, with a comparable ORR in 25 patients treated with re‐challenging chemotherapy of 28%. GCP as a re‐challenging regimen was offered in 12 of 25 (48%) patients. The ORR for the GCP regimen was 50%. Propensity score matching was performed using putative clinical factors, from which 34 patients were identified as pair‐matched groups. The OS for patients treated with re‐challenging chemotherapy was significantly longer than continuing pembrolizumab (a median of 13.9 and 5.8 months, respectively: P = 0.048).ConclusionRe‐challenging chemotherapy including platinum agents after PD with pembrolizumab offers clinical benefits in patients with mUC.
A narrow focus in research on emotional abuse: A scoping review of definitions and descriptions on emotional abuse in research on child welfare and social work
Authors: Ness Sigrid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious research argues that emotional abuse (EA) is not as well understood as other forms of abuse and that it poses a challenge to professionals concerned with the well‐being of children. The aim of this scoping review is to explore how EA is defined and described in peer‐reviewed studies in the context of child welfare and social work. The electronic databases PsycINFO, Web of Science, Social services abstract, Scopus and Medline were searched to identify studies. Twenty‐six recently published studies that provided a sufficient definition or description of EA were included in the review. Findings were analysed using thematic synthesis. The results indicate a varying and somewhat inconsistent terminology when labelling EA and that definitions and descriptions of EA mainly are gathered from quantitative research. Moreover, the results reveal a lack of research from the perspective of children and youth in contact with CWS and from child welfare workers. Such research may expand current knowledge of the definitions and descriptions on EA by providing a more nuanced understanding of how children and youth experience EA, and elaborate on their susceptibility and resilience in relation to their experiences of EA.
Patients' perceptions of the mechanisms underlying alcohol use problems after bariatric surgery: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Er Esin , Durieux Nancy , Vander Haegen Marie , Flahault Cécile , Etienne Anne‐Marie 
Published: September 2022

SummaryAlcohol‐related problems increase after bariatric surgery. The objective of this review was to synthesize findings of qualitative studies on patients' perceptions of the mechanisms leading to problematic alcohol consumption after bariatric surgery. This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic review of qualitative evidence. A comprehensive search strategy was performed in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus and Google Scholar. Study selection, data extraction and critical appraisal of included studies were undertaken by two independent reviewers. Confidence in review findings was assessed using the ConQual approach. Four studies were included in this review and led to the development of four synthesized results: (1) persistence or reappearance of psychological problems after bariatric surgery; (2) using alcohol as a coping strategy, sometimes as a replacement for food; (3) changes in the physiological response to alcohol; and (4) importance of increased information about alcohol‐related risks and long‐term counselling. Confidence in the synthesized results ranged from moderate to low. The results indicated postoperative problematic alcohol consumption is a complex issue, involving psychological and physiological mechanisms. Several recommendations are formulated based on the results obtained. More qualitative and quantitative studies are needed to better understand this phenomenon given the few existing qualitative studies on this topic and some divergent results found between qualitative and previous quantitative research.
Inferior versus medial approach in laparoscopic colectomy with complete mesocolic excision and D3 lymphadenectomy for right‐sided colon cancer: A propensity‐score‐matched analysis
Authors: Hiyoshi Yukiharu , Sakamoto Takashi , Mukai Toshiki , Nagasaki Toshiya , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Akiyoshi Takashi , Fukunaga Yosuke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimIn laparoscopic colectomy with complete mesocolic excision and D3 lymphadenectomy for right‐sided colon cancer, either an inferior approach (IA) or a medial approach (MA) is selected in our institution based on the surgeon's preference. The present study compared the treatment outcomes between IA and MA.MethodThis retrospective, single‐centre study using propensity score matching analysed the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in patients with right‐sided colon cancer from 2010 to 2019 at Cancer Institute Hospital.ResultsAfter patient selection, 1011 patients remained for the analysis, of which 67% underwent IA surgery and 33% underwent MA surgery. After propensity score matching (1:1), 325 patients in each group were analysed. Regarding the short‐term outcomes, there were no significant differences in the operation time, rate of conversion to open surgery or postoperative complication rate (Clavien–Dindo Grade ≥ III) between the two groups, although the intra‐operative median blood loss was significantly less in the IA group than in the MA group (IA, 13 ml vs. MA, 20 ml, P < 0.0001). Regarding the long‐term outcomes, the relapse‐free survival, liver‐relapse‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival and overall survival were all similar between groups.ConclusionBoth the IA and MA in laparoscopic colectomy with complete mesocolic excision and D3 lymphadenectomy for right‐sided colon cancer are safe and feasible approaches; the IA may have an advantage over the MA in terms of reduced intra‐operative blood loss. Based on their similar oncological outcomes, either the IA or MA can be selected, based on one's preference.
Alcohol‐related brain damage: A mixed‐method evaluation of an online awareness‐raising programme for frontline care and support practitioners
Authors: Ward Rebecca , Roderique‐Davies Gareth , Hughes Harriet , Heirene Robert , Newstead Simon , John Bev 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol‐related brain damage (ARBD) is an umbrella term referring to the neurocognitive impairments caused by excessive and prolonged alcohol use and the associated nutritional deficiencies. This study evaluated the outcomes of an online research‐informed training program for ARBD which aimed to improve client outcomes by promoting support staff's awareness and confidence in working with clients who may have (or who are at risk of developing) the condition.MethodsStaff working within a large non‐governmental non‐profit housing organisation (n = 883) enrolled in the training program. Questionnaires were used pre‐ and post‐training to collect self‐reported awareness of ARBD and confidence in supporting individuals with the condition. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 27 staff members approximately 10 weeks post‐completion of the program. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by employing qualitative content analysis.ResultsFindings from the questionnaires indicated a significant increase in all measures after completing the training program. Three main themes were developed based on the interview data: changes to awareness and understanding; professional practice; and training‐specific characteristics. Participants reported changes in their ability to identify potential service users with ARBD and confidence in doing so.Discussion and ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that online training programs can be effective in improving support staff's ability to identify ARBD, potentially leading an increase in signposting service users to relevant services. The research‐informed nature of the training demonstrates that translating research findings directly to frontline workers can have a substantial impact and may improve outcomes for this client group.
Modelling pasture management practices for soil organic carbon gain in livestock systems
Authors: Schimpf Karen Gisele , Errecart Pedro Manuel , Canziani Graciela Ana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOur ability to develop strategies to mitigate climate change includes an understanding of, and our capacity to predict soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in livestock systems. Here we assess the capability of the Sustainable Grazing System (SGS) Pasture Model for predicting pasture growth (elongated wheatgrass, Thinopyrum ponticum) and SOC accumulation in different environments and under a range of pasture management practices in hydrohalomorphic soils located in South‐eastern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. After Model calibration, aerial net primary productivity (ANPP) and TSOC content under two grazing intensities (7.5 and 11 cm post‐grazing target heights) and two N fertilization levels (0 and 100 kg N ha−1 yr−1) were simulated over a 10 year‐period. The SGS Pasture Model predicted 87% of the observed ANPP, with observed and predicted ANPPs averaging 1.46 and 1.42 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively. There were differences in simulated ANPP between fertilized and unfertilized treatments both at high and low grazing intensities for the last year of the period. Total SOC contents from the modelling showed differences between high (83.7 to 84.2 Mg ha−1) and low (86.8 to 87.5 Mg ha−1) grazing intensities, with treatments receiving N also showing higher carbon stocks. The positive effect of reduced grazing intensity on soil carbon was explained by an increased input of aerial and subterranean dry matter into the soil. Sensitivity analysis showed that SGS is a robust model, capable of performing effectively under a variety of conditions. Hence, it can be used for exploring management practices to mitigate the impact of livestock systems on emissions and SOC stocks.
Overprint of secondary Du folding in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, SW Japan: Implications for strain ellipsoids and Paleogene tectonics of the east‐Eurasian margin
Authors: Aoya Mutsuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo contrasting results of strain analyses, constriction and flattening, are recognized in the Sambagawa high‐pressure/temperature metamorphic belt, SW Japan. An unverified proposal to account for this situation is that the constrictional strain ellipsoids develop only in areas where there is strong overprinting by a secondary Du‐phase folding after a penetrative Ds‐phase deformation. Field studies in the Hibihara district, central Shikoku, which is located between a southern constrictional region and a northern flattening region, reveal there is a map‐scale contrast in the effect of Du: outcrop‐scale Du upright folds are common in the southern region while they are rare in the northern region. Field measurements show that overall orientation of Ds strain is characterized by E–W stretching and vertical shortening, while that of Du strain is characterized by N–S shortening and vertical extension. The shortening caused by Du in the southern high‐Du‐strain regions estimated by the fold‐curve tracing method are down to about 70%–56% and by removing this Du shortening most of the constrictional strain ellipsoids are restored back to the flattening field with only a few exceptions, suggesting that pre‐Du strain states of the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks were dominantly of the flattening type. These results support the previous ideas that invoke differences in the strength of Du overprinting for the two different types of strain ellipsoids observed in the Sambagawa belt. From a tectonic point of view, the semi‐penetrative occurrence of Du folds throughout the Sambagawa belt, which stretches about 800 km in SW Japan, suggests that the Du phase can be related to some ancient plate movement. The significant shortening subnormal to the orogen that characterizes Du may reflect a shift to orogen‐subnormal subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate at around 60 Ma.
Long‐term risk of death in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Kohorst John J. , Ghanavatian Shirin , Davis Mark D. P. , Weaver Amy L. , Schleck Cathy D. , Swanson David L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with substantial morbidity. Few studies have addressed the natural history and mortality rates associated with HS. A higher risk of cardiovascular death in patients with HS has been reported. We investigated whether patients with HS have an increased overall risk of death compared with age‐ and gender‐matched referents.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, with incident HS between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2008, and age‐ and gender‐matched referents. The main outcomes and measures were the overall and cause‐specific risks of death.ResultsWe identified 226 incident cases of HS and 678 age‐ and gender‐matched referents among Olmsted County residents during the study period. Compared to referents, patients with HS had a significantly higher risk of all‐cause death (hazard ratio [HR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.53–4.03, P < 0.001) and cardiovascular‐ or cerebrovascular‐related death (HR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.10–7.40, P = 0.03). However, these risks were attenuated by adjusting for smoking history: all‐cause HR, 1.65 (95% CI, 0.97–2.82, P = 0.07) and cardiovascular‐ or cerebrovascular‐related HR, 2.03 (95% CI, 0.71–5.81, P = 0.18). The 71% of patients were former or current smokers at the time of HS diagnosis.ConclusionsHidradenitis suppurativa patients have a substantially increased risk of death from any cause, including cardiovascular or cerebrovascular causes; the risk is especially dependent on smoking history.
The burden of costs on health services from patients with venous leg ulcers in Singapore
Authors: Nazeha Nuraini , Lee Jia Yi , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Meng Lingyan , Ho Pei , Ng Yi Zhen , Graves Nicholas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHealthcare costs arising from venous leg ulcers (VLU) are expected to increase due to an aging population and increased prevalence of comorbidities. We aim to estimate the healthcare resources incurred by VLU patients, and to quantify the extent to which predictors explain variation in cost‐related outcomes. Retrospective patient‐level cohort data for VLU patients were analysed using generalised linear regression models. Data were extracted from a tertiary hospital registry in Singapore, between 2013 and 2017. The outcome variables were length of stay per admission; inpatient and outpatient bill per admission; whether a patient underwent a surgical treatment of the venous system; and, whether they visited the emergency department. Cost outcomes were reported in Singapore dollars (S$). A total of 162 VLU patients were included with a mean age of 67.5 (±14.4). For the inpatient setting the mean length of stay was 8.1 days and the mean inpatient bill was S$7886. For outpatients, the mean number of dressings was 29.4, and mean outpatient bill was S$6962. Heart disease patients incurred longer hospital stays and larger inpatient bills per admission and females had greater odds of undergoing a surgical procedure on the venous system. Certain VLU patient groups were found to be associated with larger cost outcomes.
Effect of isotretinoin (Netlook) on the testis of adult male albino rats and the role of omega 3 supplementation: A histological and biochemical study
Authors: Al‐Shahed Fatma Al‐Zahraa N. , Shoeb Hala H. , El‐Shawwa Mohammad M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIsotretinoin is an oral retinoid which used across the world in the treatment of patients especially adolescents complaining of acne. In spite of the prevalent clinical use of isotretinoin, the generation of oxidative stress with the affection of several organs leads to the limitation and restriction of its use. Omega‐3 (N‐3) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) with powerful antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the histological and biochemical changes occurring in the rat testis following isotretinoin intake and to evaluate the role of omega 3 supplementation in ameliorating testicular damage. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided equally into three groups. Group I is the control group, group II received isotretinoin (1.0 mg/kg/day) dissolved in distilled water and group III received isotretinoin (1.0 mg/kg/day) and omega 3 (400 mg/kg/day). Testis samples were collected and processed for light and electron microscopic examination. The blood samples were collected for biochemical assessments. Results indicated that isotretinoin caused histological changes in all stages of spermatogenesis and alterations of the hormonal assay. These changes in the rat testis which were corrected by omega 3 use.
Comparison of topical benzyl benzoate vs. oral ivermectin in treating scabies: A randomized study
Authors: Meyersburg Damian , Welponer Tobias , Kaiser Andreas , Selhofer Sylvia , Tatarski Rafaella , Handisurya Alessandra , Bauer Johannes Wolfgang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundScabies is an itchy, parasitic infection of the skin. Recent reports indicate there is a decreasing efficacy of the standard treatment of choice, topical 5% permethrin cream.ObjectiveTo evaluate the comparative efficacy, safety and tolerability of topical benzyl benzoate (BB) with oral ivermectin in the treatment of scabies.MethodsPatients with dermoscopy‐verified scabies visiting the dermatologic outpatient clinic were assessed for enrolment in the study. In total, 224 patients were enrolled and sequentially randomized into two equally sized groups. Group A received topical 25% or 10% BB for the daily use over a period of three consecutive days, group B received oral ivermectin (200 μg/kg body weight) twice, 1 week apart. Treatment outcome was evaluated by dermoscopy at a 3‐week follow‐up visit.ResultsTreatment resulted in a cure rate of 87% in group A and 86% in group B. After initial therapy failure in group A, six out of eight patients showed treatment response upon repeated application of BB, five of five when retreated with ivermectin and two of two with BB plus ivermectin, respectively. In group B, successful retreatment was observed in three out of three patients with ivermectin, two of two patients with BB and 11 of 11 patients with the combination of BB plus ivermectin, respectively. Tolerability and safety profile of oral ivermectin was excellent, while BB produced short burning sensations in 14%.ConclusionTopical BB and oral ivermectin have shown comparable good therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, both agents constitute an adequate first‐line therapy in the treatment of scabies. A combination of both agents may be considered in recalcitrant and extensively infested cases, additionally to crusted scabies.
Development of a pea protein‐/chitosan‐based bioactive film using Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols as a bioactive ingredient
Authors: Nan Xijun , Zhou Quancheng , Ji Wei , Chen Xuanhong , Li Jiayi , Wang Honglei , Dong Leichao , Meng Xue , Sheng Guihua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe study was designed to develop a pea protein‐ (PP) and chitosan (CS)‐based bioactive composite film using purified Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols (AMP) as a bioactive ingredient (PP‐CS‐AMP). First, AMP was extracted and purified, and the antioxidant properties of AMP were tested, and the result indicated that AMP showed stronger antioxidant properties than vitamin C (Vc). Second, five kinds of PP‐CS film were developed: PP including unextruded pea protein (NEP), extrusion pea protein (EP), papain co‐extruded pea protein (PEP), neutral protease co‐extruded pea protein (NPEP), and double enzyme combined extrusion pea protein (DCEP). The five kinds of PP‐CS film were characterized and evaluated for various functions and properties; principal component analysis and membership evaluation were used to analyze the comprehensive scores of the films. It was observed that the NPEP‐CS film obtained the highest score. Extrusion and enzyme extrusion treatments improved the structure and properties of PP, and therefore enhanced the properties of PP‐CS film. Finally, NPEP‐CS‐AMP film was developed (AMP content 0, 4.0% and 8.0%, w/v) and tested for their performance, and the results suggested that the addition of 4.0% AMP gives the NPEP‐CS‐AMP film excellent physical and antioxidant properties.Novelty impact statement

Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols (AMP), as a bioactivity ingredient was firstly incorporated into pea protein (PP) ‐ chitosan (CS) film.

Extrusion and enzyme extrusion can improve the structure and properties of PP, which is beneficial to improvement on the properties of PP‐CS film.

NPEP‐CS‐AMP film exhibit excellent physical properties, structural performance and high antioxidant activity.
Depth‐damage curves for rail rapid transit infrastructure
Authors: Martello Michael V. , Whittle Andrew J. , Lyons‐Galante Hannah R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEstimates of flood‐related damages and costs often rely on asset‐specific depth‐damage curves that characterize the fragility of a given asset. To date, there are very few depth‐damage curves that are potentially applicable to rail rapid transit infrastructure, and no studies attempt to construct these relationships specifically these asset classes. Given the lack of empirical performance data or asset‐specific reliability tests, we solicited expert engineering judgment to characterize the fragility of transit assets to saltwater flood exposure. We validate the resulting synthetic depth‐damage relationships via a benchmarking approach and demonstrate consistency with previously published depth‐damage curves for similar asset classes. The solicitation framework presented can easily be extended to other infrastructure assets and systems, potentially serving as a key step toward a more rigorous quantification of the potential risks posed to infrastructure by natural hazards and climate change.