bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Incidence of Hypertension in Type II Diabetes and It’s Correlation
Authors: Prihantini Nur Nunu , Kurniyanto  , Putri Putu Moradha Kharisma 
Published: February 2025

Aims: to evaluate the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and the incidence of hypertension at the Indonesian Christian University Hospital from 2020-2022.
Study Design: The design used in this study was analytical and observational. The approach is cross-sectional, data collection uses medical records of patients registered at the Indonesian Christian University RSU in 2020-2022.
Place and Duration of Study: The location of data collection was carried out at the Christian University RSU Indonesia which will be held in May 2024.
Methodology: The population in this study were all diabetes mellitus patients with either outpatient or inpatient status hospitalized at the Indonesian Christian University General Hospital 2020–2022, while samples were taken using a total sampling technique with a total sample of 112 patients. Data collection took the form of secondary data, namely medical records of T2DM patients at the Indonesian Christian University General Hospital for the period 2020-2022.
Results: The results showed that 80.4% of patients suffered from T2DM, while 19.6% did not suffer from DM. The highest prevalence of hypertension patients was in grade 1 hypertension, which was 63.4%. In addition, the age group ≥ 66 years has the highest prevalence of hypertension at 40,7%, and female gender dominates with 66,3% of hypertensive patients. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between T2DM and hypertension (p = 0.000). However, 71,4% of the T2DM patient group experienced more hypertension than Non-DM patients.
Conclusion: Based on these results, although there is a statistical relationship between T2DM and the incidence of hypertension, age, and gender factors still have a significant effect on the prevalence of hypertension. That indicates the need for further monitoring of high-risk patients with hypertension, especially among T2DM patients.
Effects of Rock Phosphate, Farmyard Manure, and Vermicompost on Growth, Yield, and Soil Quality in Field Cultivation of Chickpea
Authors: Rinku  , Singh Satyavir , Kumar Awanish , Dayal Guru , Kushwaha Raghvendra Kumar 
Published: February 2025

The study was carried out to find out the effect of Rock phosphate and organic manures on growth, yield and soil quality of chickpea cultivation and suitable doses of FYM, Vermicompost and Rock Phosphate for Chickpea. The Field experiment was conducted at organic research farm Karguan Ji, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University Jhansi (UP), India during rabi season of 2023-2024. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design comprises Three levels of rock phosphate (200, 300 and 400 kg/ha) and two levels of FYM and Vermicompost (100% and 50%) with three replications. The application of FYM, Vermicompost and Rock phosphate were obtained significantly higher values in respect to growth, yield attributes and soil quality of chickpea in all the treatments, over control. The highest values were recorded in respect ofplant height (36.37cm), number of branches/plants (11.48), number of pods/plants (99.92), number of seeds/pods (2.67), grain yield (15.57 q/ha), stover yield (21.26 q/ha), biological yield (36.84 q/ha), 100 seed weight (17.91gram) and harvest index (43.54%).Soil pH: Ranged from 6.23 (T1 and T7) to 6.70 (T2 and T5). Soil Electrical Conductivity (Ec): Ranged from 0.49 dS/m (T5) to 0.65 dS/m (T6).Soil Organic Carbon (OC): Ranged from 0.61% (T0) to 0.94% (T7).Available Nitrogen (N): Ranged from 86.77 kg/ha (T0) to 155.57 kg/ha (T7).Available Phosphorus (P): Ranged from 11.07 kg/ha (T0) to 21.50 kg/ha (T4).Available Potassium (K): Ranged from 155.90 kg/ha (T0) to 201.93 kg/ha (T6).Available Sulphur (S): Ranged from 9.25 Mg/kg (T0) to 19.90 Mg/kg (T4).The combined application of FYM, vermicompost, and rock phosphate significantly enhanced chickpea growth, yield, and soil nutrient availability, demonstrating the potential for improved and sustainable agricultural practices. These findings align with previous research indicating the beneficial effects of organic amendments on soil and plant health.
An empirical theory of isc and voc in the ZnzCd1−zS/Cu2S solar cell
Authors: Mojumder M. A. 
Published: July 2002

A simple empirical theory has been given for the short-circuit current (isc ) and the open-circuit voltage (voc ) of the ZnzCd1−zS/CU2S solar cell. The heterojunction band lineup at the interface is assumed to be determined by the pinning of the Fermi level at the collector surface by the copper impurity/cation vacancy level. Since the impurity level remains fixed with respect to the collector valence-band edge and the collector band gap goes up with z, such a pinning produces a potential barrier (‘‘spike’’) at the junction. The height of the spike increases with z. An estimate is made of the Cd impurity level in the emitter. This level is believed to act as the recombination center for electrons diffusing back to the emitter from the collector conduction band. These electrons would normally face a strong opposing field but because of an expected incipient Zener breadkdown of the potential barrier in the narrow highest field region they would face a substantially smaller opposing field. Zener breakdown field for CdS is known and for the mixed sulfide we have considered this field as a parameter obtained by fitting the voc values. The parameter, thus
obtained, varies with z smoothly in a logarithmic scale and is within an order of magnitude of the Zener breakdown field for CdS. We have given some physical arguments to show that the Zener breakdown and consequent reduction of the field does not necessarily mean a widening of the depletion layer. While for CdS the known Zener breakdown field gives a value of voc in good agreement with the experiment, it is a measure of the expected correctness of the fitted values of this field that, in conjunction with the heights of the conduction-band spike, they give reasonable isc values. The generally consistent values of the parameters of the cell measured in different specimens are ascribed to the self-doping and self-compensating properties of the collector material. An explanation of the crossover of dark and light current-voltage characteristics for different types of cells has been given. Since it is futile to aim at any numerical accuracy in view of the uncertainties in some of the material parameters, the main emphasis has been on the explanation of the trends of the variation of the parameters with z. This explanation has been given in terms of a few physically reasonable assumptions. Although at least one experimental result tends to confirm the position of the recombination level, a few specific experiments have been suggested which would hopefully sustain the assumptions of the theory.
Specific heat of uniaxial spin glasses in the mK range and fields of 6 T (abstract)
Authors: Meierling H. , Wassermann E. F. 
Published: July 2002

The magnetic contribution to the specific heat Cm(T) of polycrystalline Ising-like spin glasses (SG) ScEr(1.05; 2.5 at. % Er) and ZnMn (195, 270 ppm Mn) has been measured in the temperature range 0.1&lt;T&lt;2.5 K, using a nonadiabatic heat pulse method. Cm(T) of the x-y–like SG CdMn (488 ppm Mn) has been measured on single crystals in external fields (Bex≤6 T) with Bex either ⊥ or ∥ to the c axis. The data are compared with susceptibility measurements.1 For all samples the behavior of Cm(T) is similar to that in archetypal SG’s. There is scaling and a linear dependence Cm(T) for T→0. The high-temperature data do not follow a simple 1/T or 1/T2 law. In contrast to the results from mean-field calculations for uniaxial systems we find no peaks in Cm(T). Yet, the relatively sharp maxima in Cm(T) at Tm of ScEr and ZnMn are close to the freezing temperatures T∥g. In CdMn T⊥g from χ(T) lies well below Tm. The data for ScEr and ZnMn can be fitted within a two-level system model. For CdMn Cm is strongly
dependent on Bex and shows anisotropic behavior. For Bex⊥ c (parallel to the easy axis) Cm(T,B) is SG-like for all fields and comparable to isotropic SG’s. With increasing fields Tm shifts to higher temperatures and the slope in the linear range decreases. For Bex∥c (hard direction) the behavior is quite different. For Bex &lt;2 T the linear slope in Cm(T) and Tm are only weakly dependent on Bex. Increasing the field leads to a remarkable reduction of Cm(T) around Tm, and Cm(T) becomes nonlinear for T→0. This can be understood in terms of new mean-field calculations on anisotropic Ising-SG’s by Usadel,2 who predicts a breakdown of the SG interactions in strong magnetic fields transverse to the easy axis.
Chaotic advection of fluid particles in a field of point vortices and vortex rings
Authors: Meleshko V. V. , Konstantinov M. Yu. , Gurzhi A. A. , Konovaljyk T. P. 
Published: July 2002

Processes of formation of vortex rings and mushroom structures in the ocean, in geological structures in Earth’s mantle, and in various applications in chemical technology,1 provide conditions for advanced interest in the phenomena of internal mixing. In order to model such processes, an approach based on a direct study of the trajectories of motion of Lagrangian particles in a Eulerian velocity field currently attracts special attention. Although the ideas of such an approach may be found in the works of Maxwell2 and Reynolds,3 comparatively little has been done toward obtaining a clear view of what goes on, except in the simplest cases. To the more complicated cases belong the processes of chaotic advection of particles in bounded domains.4 This paper presents the results of a study of properties of chaotic particle advection of an ideal fluid in unbounded and bounded domains under free motion of point vortices or vortex rings. Data on the process of particle motion for particles that initially form the ‘‘atmosphere’’ of a vortex pair when it interacts with a single vortex, or with other noncollinear vortex pairs, are presented for a two-dimensional unbounded domain. Depending on the type of interaction—either ‘‘direct’’ or ‘‘exchange’’ collision or mutual trapping5–7—an estimate of the effectiveness of stirring of atmosphere particles and chaotization of their trajectories is given.
The problem of advection of particles in a two-dimensional rectangular domain with a free vortex is solved. Although the locked trajectory of the vortex and the period of its revolution are explicitly calculated by means of Jacobi and Weierstrass elliptic functions, a complicated dependence of the streamfunction on time leads to the formation of ‘‘whorls’’ and ‘‘tendrils,’’ and to effective stirring of some domains. Poincaré sections of particles for characteristic values of the geometrical parameters of the domain and initial positions of the vortex are given. Various types of interaction such as ‘‘leap-frogging,’’ passing and mutual trapping,8 are studied for the axisymmetric motion of two coaxial vortex rings with the intensities of vorticity of the same or different signs. An analysis of chaotization of the motion for particles initially forming the atmosphere of the rings has been carried out for some cases of interaction.
Should Cancer Survivors Fear Radiation‐Induced Sarcomas?
Authors: Feigen Malcolm 
Published: July 2002

Purpose/Results. Ionizing radiation is carcinogenic and the induction of a second malignancy is a serious potential
long‐term complication of radiotherapy. The incidence of radiation‐induced sarcomas was evaluated from many large
epidemiological surveys of long‐term cancer survivors reported in the literature over the past 30 years and only one case
was found for every 1000 patients irradiated.Discussion. Although greater numbers of cancer patients are receiving radical radiotherapy and surviving free of disease
for longer intervals, cases of radiation‐induced sarcomas are rare and should not deter patients from accepting radiotherapy
as treatment for curable cancers. With improvements in the administration of radiotherapy over the past two decades
which are resulting in less damage to bone and soft tissues, it is likely that fewer cases of this condition will be seen in
the future. If these sarcomas are diagnosed early, long‐term survival can be achieved with surgical excision and possibly
re‐irradiation, as occurs in other types of sarcomas.
Prostatic Leiomyosarcoma: The Case for Combined Modality Therapy
Authors: El-Sharkawi Salah , Vaughton Keith 
Published: July 2002

Patient. A 65‐year old man who had previously undergone surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia presented with
symptoms of recurrent bladder outflow obstruction. Cystoscopy revealed the presence of recurrent tissue.Results. Histology identified a leiomyosarcoma. Several years after further surgery and radiotherapy, the patient presented
with secondaries in the lungs and brain, but there was no evidence of local recurrence.Discussion. It is suggested that combined modality therapy (conservative surgical resection followed by adjuvant radical
radiotherapy) be the initial treatment for prostatic leiomyosarcoma.
Vertebrate Isoforms of Actin Capping Protein β Have Distinct Functions in Vivo
Authors: Hart Marilyn C. , Cooper John A. 
Published: July 2002

Actin capping protein (CP) binds barbed ends of actin filaments to regulate actin assembly. CP is an α/β heterodimer. Vertebrates have conserved isoforms of each subunit. Muscle cells contain two β isoforms. β1 is at the Z-line; β2 is at the intercalated disc and cell periphery in general. To investigate the functions of the isoforms, we replaced one isoform with another using expression in hearts of transgenic mice.
Mice expressing β2 had a severe phenotype with juvenile lethality. Myofibril architecture was severely disrupted. The β2 did not localize to the Z-line. Therefore, β1 has a distinct function that includes interactions at the Z-line. Mice expressing β1 showed altered morphology of the intercalated disc, without the lethality or myofibril disruption of the β2-expressing mice.
The in vivo function of CP is presumed to involve binding barbed ends of actin filaments. To test this hypothesis, we expressed a β1 mutant that poorly binds actin. These mice showed both myofibril disruption and intercalated disc remodeling, as predicted.
Therefore, CPβ1 and CPβ2 each have a distinct function that cannot be provided by the other isoform. CPβ1 attaches actin filaments to the Z-line, and CPβ2 organizes the actin at the intercalated discs.
Zeros of Dedekind zeta functions in the critical strip
Authors: Tollis Emmanuel 
Published: July 2002

In this paper, we describe a computation which established the GRH to height

92
92

(resp.

40
40

) for cubic number fields (resp. quartic number fields) with small discriminant. We use a method due to E. Friedman for computing values of Dedekind zeta functions, we take care of accumulated roundoff error to obtain results which are mathematically rigorous, and we generalize Turing’s criterion to prove that there is no zero off the critical line. We finally give results concerning the GRH for cubic and quartic fields, tables of low zeros for number fields of degree

5
5

and

6
6

, and statistics about the smallest zero of a number field.
On Bojarski’s index formula for nonsmooth interfaces
Authors: Mitrea Marius 
Published: July 2002

Let

D
D

be a Dirac type operator on a compact manifold

M

{\mathcal {M}}

and let

Σ
\Sigma

be a Lipschitz submanifold of codimension one partitioning

M

{\mathcal {M}}

into two Lipschitz domains

Ω

±

\Omega _{\pm }

. Also, let

H

±

p

(
Σ
,
D
)

{\mathcal {H}}^{p}_{\pm }(\Sigma ,D)

be the traces on

Σ
\Sigma

of the (

L

p

L^{p}

-style) Hardy spaces associated with

D
D

in

Ω

±

\Omega _{\pm }

. Then

(

H

−

p

(
Σ
,
D
)
,

H

+

p

(
Σ
,
D
)
)

({\mathcal {H}}^{p}_{-}(\Sigma ,D),{\mathcal {H}}^{p}_{+}(\Sigma ,D))

is a Fredholm pair of subspaces for

L

p

(
Σ
)

L^{p}(\Sigma )

(in Kato’s sense) whose index is the same as the index of the Dirac operator

D
D

considered on the whole manifold

M

{\mathcal {M}}

.
Effects of Weight Change on Knee and Hip Radiographic Measurements and Pain Over Four Years: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Joseph Gabby B. , McCulloch Charles E. , Nevitt Michael C. , Lynch John , Lane Nancy E. , Link Thomas M. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of weight loss and weight gain on hip and knee radiographic changes, pain, and joint replacement over 4 years.MethodsParticipants (n = 2,752) from the Osteoarthritis Initiative were classified as those with weight gain (more than 5% gain), weight loss (more than –5% loss), or as controls (–3% to 3% change) over 4 years. Generalized estimating equations (adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index) were used to assess the relationship between the weight‐change group and 4‐year changes in knee radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) (Kellgren/Lawrence [K/L] grade), hip OA (Croft summary grade), joint space narrowing (JSN), and joint pain.ResultsFor radiographic knee OA, weight loss was associated with significantly lower odds of K/L grade worsening over 4 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.69 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.53–0.91], P = 0.009), and weight gain was significantly associated with higher odds of medial knee JSN (OR 1.29 [95% CI 1.01–1.64], P = 0.038) compared to controls. For knee pain, weight loss was significantly associated with knee pain resolution over 4 years (OR 1.40 [95% CI 1.06–1.86], P = 0.019) while weight gain was associated with knee pain development (OR 1.34 [95% CI 1.08–1.67], P = 0.009) compared to controls. For all hip outcomes, no significant associations (P > 0.05) were found with weight‐change groups. The associations between the weight‐change group and total hip or total knee replacement were not significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionThis large, longitudinal study (n = 2,752 with 4‐year follow‐up) suggests that weight loss may protect against, and weight gain may exacerbate, radiographic and symptomatic knee OA, while weight change (at a 5% threshold) does not have significant effects on hip OA.
Proton‐Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition in a Population‐Based Study
Authors: Liew Jean W. , Peloquin Christine , Tedeschi Sara K. , Felson David T. , Zhang Yuqing , Choi Hyon K. , Terkeltaub Robert , Neogi Tuhina 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThere are no proven effective medical treatments to prevent calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD). Hypomagnesemia is a known CPPD risk factor. The present study was undertaken to carry out a real‐world epidemiologic study on proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) use, which can cause hypomagnesemia, and CPPD risk.MethodsWe conducted a time‐stratified, propensity score (PS)–matched cohort study using the UK‐based IQVIA Medical Research Data. We compared risk of incident CPPD among PPI users versus H2 blocker users using Cox proportional hazards models. We used greedy matching of incident PPI users 1:1 to incident histamine receptor 2 (H2) blocker users in 1‐year cohort accrual blocks. Subjects were censored at time of drug switch. We evaluated incident use of PPI and H2 blockers prior to incident CPPD using a nested case–control study within the same cohort, matched 1:4 by age and sex using risk‐set sampling.ResultsWe identified 81,102 PPI and H2 blocker initiators, with 113 and 63 incident cases of CPPD, respectively. In the case–control study when compared with nonusers, both PPI and H2B users had higher risk of incident CPPD, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.79 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.55–2.07) and 1.52 (95% CI 1.14–2.03), respectively. Incident PPI use was nonsignificantly associated with incident CPPD (hazard ratio 1.03 [95% CI 0.75–1.41]) compared with H2 blocker use.ConclusionIn this study using real‐world data, incident use of PPIs was not associated with a higher risk of CPPD compared with incident H2 blocker use, although use of PPI and H2 blockers had higher risk compared with nonuse.
Efficient Non‐Doped Blue Electro‐fluorescence with Boosted and Balanced Carrier Mobilities
Authors: Wang Runze , Li Tengyue , Liu Chaoke , Xie Mingliang , Zhou Huayi , Sun Qikun , Yang Bing , Zhang Shi‐Tong , Xue Shanfeng , Yang Wenjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne of the most important issues of the organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) is the highly efficient blue‐emissive material, which demands both excellent photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) and balanced carrier mobilities. Herein, a series of blue‐emissive donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) materials with fluorene π‐bridge and their D–A analogues are synthesized and discovered with a theoretical combined experimental method. Based on the excellent electron mobility of the oxadiazole (OXZ) acceptor, it is further proven that the insertion of the fluorene π‐bridge can not only contribute to the formation of hybrid local and charge‐transfer excited state with high PLQY, but also give rise to the hole mobilities by enhanced intermolecular face‐to‐face stacking. As a result, the non‐doped OLED of TPACFOXZ exhibits a high maximum external quantum efficiency approaching 10% with boosted and balanced hole and electron mobilities of 5.60 × 10−5 and 6.60 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, which are among the best results of the non‐doped blue fluorescent OLEDs.
Recent Advances in Packaging Technologies of AlGaN‐Based Deep Ultraviolet Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liang Shenghua , Sun Wenhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlGaN‐based deep ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes (UV LEDs) have gained rapidly growing attention due to their wide applications in water purification, air disinfection, and sensing as well as optical communication. Moreover, deep UV radiation has been verified as one of effective way to inactivate COVID‐19. However, although numerous efforts have been made in deep UV LED chips, the reported highest external quantum efficiency (EQE) of them is 20.3%, which is far lower than that of visible LEDs. The EQE of commercial packaged AlGaN‐based deep UV LEDs is usually lower than 5%, which will cause serious reliability problems as well. Therefore, it is very urgent to improve EQE and reliability of the devices from packaging level. In this review, a systematical summarization about the packaging technologies of AlGaN‐based deep UV LEDs has been analyzed and future prospects have been made as well. Firstly, this work provides a brief overview of the devices and analyzes why the packaging level reduces EQE and reliability in theory. Then, systematically reviews the recent advances in packaging technologies and deep UV micro‐LEDs. Finally, conclusions and outlooks are given as well. This review is of great significance for promoting the development of the packaging technologies for AlGaN‐based deep UV LEDs.
Exome and RNA‐Seq analyses of an incomplete penetrance variant in USP9X in female‐specific syndromic intellectual disability
Authors: Li Dong , March Michael E. , Wang Tiancheng , Merengwa Victoria , Sertori Finoti Livia , Schrier Vergano Samantha A. , Hakonarson Hakon , Bhoj Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPathogenic variants in USP9X, on X chromosome, have been implicated in syndromic intellectual disability (ID) in both males and females with distinct craniofacial features. We report a truncating variant, c.885_889delAAAAG, p.(Lys296Serfs*4), in the USP9X gene with incomplete penetrance in two nontwin female siblings with phenotypic resemblance to female‐specific syndromic ID (MIM 300969, also known as MRX99F). To investigate the possible genetic etiology of the reduced penetrance, X‐inactivation, RNA‐Seq, and full quad exome analyses were attempted, but failed to identify a promising candidate modifier. While the penetrance of pathogenic variants in USP9X in female appears to be high (95%) and the variants frequently occur de novo, incomplete penetrance should be considered.