bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey on artificial intelligence in histopathology image analysis
Authors: Abdelsamea Mohammed M. , Zidan Usama , Senousy Zakaria , Gaber Mohamed Medhat , Rakha Emad , Ilyas Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe increasing adoption of the whole slide image (WSI) technology in histopathology has dramatically transformed pathologists' workflow and allowed the use of computer systems in histopathology analysis. Extensive research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) with a huge progress has been conducted resulting in efficient, effective, and robust algorithms for several applications including cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. These algorithms offer highly accurate predictions but lack transparency, understandability, and actionability. Thus, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques are needed not only to understand the mechanism behind the decisions made by AI methods and increase user trust but also to broaden the use of AI algorithms in the clinical setting. From the survey of over 150 papers, we explore different AI algorithms that have been applied and contributed to the histopathology image analysis workflow. We first address the workflow of the histopathological process. We present an overview of various learning‐based, XAI, and actionable techniques relevant to deep learning methods in histopathological imaging. We also address the evaluation of XAI methods and the need to ensure their reliability on the field.This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Health Care
Krylov complexity from integrability to chaos
Authors: Rabinovici E. , Sánchez-Garrido A. , Shir R. , Sonner J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We apply a notion of quantum complexity, called “Krylov complexity”, to study the evolution of systems from integrability to chaos. For this purpose we investigate the integrable XXZ spin chain, enriched with an integrability breaking deformation that allows one to interpolate between integrable and chaotic behavior. K-complexity can act as a probe of the integrable or chaotic nature of the underlying system via its late-time saturation value that is suppressed in the integrable phase and increases as the system is driven to the chaotic phase. We furthermore ascribe the (under-)saturation of the late-time bound to the amount of disorder present in the Lanczos sequence, by mapping the complexity evolution to an auxiliary off-diagonal Anderson hopping model. We compare the late-time saturation of K-complexity in the chaotic phase with that of random matrix ensembles and find that the chaotic system indeed approaches the RMT behavior in the appropriate symmetry class. We investigate the dependence of the results on the two key ingredients of K-complexity: the dynamics of the Hamiltonian and the character of the operator whose time dependence is followed.
Geschichte der Laparoskopie
Authors: Alkatout Ibrahim , Struck Saskia , Pape Julian Maria , Mettler Liselotte , Maass Nicolai , Freytag Damaris , Mechler Ulrich 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Einführung der Laparoskopie in die klinische Routine gilt als herausragender Meilenstein in der Geschichte der Medizin. Die erste Laparoskopie beim Menschen wurde nahezu exakt vor 100 Jahren durchgeführt. Von den 1960er bis in die 1980er Jahre erfolgte die Überleitung der diagnostischen Laparoskopie in die chirurgische Laparoskopie. Diese Entwicklungen stehen in untrennbarem Zusammenhang mit den Gynäkologen Raoul Palmer, Hans Frangenheim und Kurt Semm. Die Geschwindigkeit der Entwicklungen stand in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang mit dem medizintechnischen Fortschritt. Für die Generation der 2000er Jahre ist die Laparoskopie eine Selbstverständlichkeit. Die konventionelle Laparoskopie wurde erweitert und umfasst nun auch robotergestützte chirurgische Verfahren. Wir stehen kurz vor der Einführung der künstlichen Intelligenz und der Augmented-Reality-Technologie in die operative Routine.
Frauenförderung in der Urologie am Beispiel der Habilitation
Authors: Welte Maria-Noemi , Knipper Sophie , Siech Carolin , Greiser Eva Maria , Wiemer Laura , Müller Karina , Bellut Laura , Walach Margarete Teresa , Herlemann Annika , Weinberger Sarah 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Anteil an Ärztinnen im Fachgebiet Urologie nimmt stetig zu. Dabei ist die zunehmende Feminisierung in Führungspositionen noch nicht angekommen. Eine Habilitation, die die Grundlage für eine wissenschaftlich erfolgreiche Karriere ist, wird von Urologinnen in Deutschland deutlich seltener als von ihren männlichen Kollegen erreicht.

Ziel der Arbeit
Um Faktoren für eine effektivere Förderung von Frauen in der Urologie zu identifizieren, wurden die aktuelle Situation sowie Einflussfaktoren auf eine erfolgreiche Habilitation von Frauen in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie e. V. (DGU) untersucht.

Methodik
Ein Online-Fragebogen wurde an 1343 weibliche Mitglieder der DGU in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz verschickt. Die Antworten von 521 Ärztinnen wurden bezüglich Basischarakteristika und in Bezug auf Forschungsförderung statistisch ausgewertet. Der primäre Endpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Habilitationsrate.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurde der Fragebogen von 521 in der Urologie beschäftigten Ärztinnen zwischen 25 und 67 (Median 37) Jahren ausgefüllt. Hiervon waren die meisten Ärztinnen in Weiterbildung (n = 168, 32 %), arbeiteten in Vollzeit (n = 324, 62 %) und hatten Kinder (n = 277, 53 %). Insgesamt waren 359 (69 %) der Teilnehmerinnen promoviert und 63 (12 %) arbeiteten noch an ihrer Promotion. 30 (5,8 %) Urologinnen waren habilitiert. In univariablen logistischen Regressionsmodellen waren das Alter (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1,06), das Arbeitszeitmodell (Teilzeit OR: 0,19), ein Forschungsaufenthalt (OR: 21,4), eine Freistellung (OR: 13,7), die Teilnahme an einem Förderprogramm (OR: 6,9) oder Mentoring-Programm (OR: 7,0) unabhängige Prädiktoren für eine erreichte Habilitation. Ob eine Urologin Kinder hatte, war kein unabhängiger Prädiktor. In multivariablen logistischen Regressionsmodellen waren Alter (OR: 1,08) sowie ein Forschungsaufenthalt (OR: 9,04) unabhängige Prädiktoren für eine erreichte Habilitation.

Schlussfolgerungen
Eine Förderung von Habilitationen unter Ärztinnen im Fachgebiet Urologie erscheint erstrebenswert, um den Frauenanteil in Führungspositionen zu steigern. Die Ergebnisse der Datenauswertung zeigen, dass insbesondere die Förderung von Forschungsaufenthalten explizit für Frauen ein vielversprechender Ansatz ist.
Perception of clinical research among patients and healthy volunteers of clinical trials
Authors: Bergmann Felix , Matzneller Peter , Weber Maria , Yeghiazaryan Lusine , Fuereder Thorsten , Weber Thomas , Zeitlinger Markus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Clinical research relies on data from patients and volunteers, yet the target sample size is often not achieved. Here, we assessed the perception of clinical research among clinical trial participants to improve the recruitment process for future studies.

Methods
We conducted a single-center descriptive and exploratory study of 300 current or former participants in various phase I–III clinical trials. Questionnaires were either distributed to current clinical trial participants or emailed to former subjects.

Results
Subjects strongly agreed or agreed that contributing to improving medical care (> 81%), contributing to scientific research (> 79%), and trusting their treating physicians (> 77%) were motives for study participation. Among healthy volunteers, financial motives positively correlated with the number of clinical trials they had participated in (p < 0.05). Higher age positively correlated with expectation of best available treatment during study participation among patients (p < 0.05). Less than 8% of all subjects expressed “great concern” about the potential risks of sharing their personal information as part of the study. Subjects displayed “great trust” or “trust” in medical staff (86.6%) and in government research institutions (76.4%), and “very little trust” or “little trust” in pharmaceutical companies (35.4%) and health insurance companies (16.9%).

Conclusion
Altruistic motives and trust in treating physicians were predominant motives for clinical trial participation. Older patients expected to receive the best available treatment during participation. Healthy volunteers who reported financial motives had participated in more clinical trials. Consistent with great trust in medical staff and government research institutions, little concern was expressed about the misuse of personal data during the trial.
Low-level circulation over Central Equatorial Africa as simulated from CMIP5 to CMIP6 models
Authors: Taguela Thierry N. , Pokam Wilfried M. , Dyer Ellen , James Rachel , Washington Richard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe evaluate and compare the simulation of the main features (low-level westerlies (LLWs) and the Congo basin (CB) cell) of low-level circulation in Central Equatorial Africa (CEA) with eight climate models from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the corresponding eight previous models from CMIP5. Results reveal that, although the main characteristics of the two features are reasonably well depicted by the models, they bear some biases. The strength of LLWs is generally overestimated in CMIP5 models. The overestimation is attributed to both divergent and rotational components of the total wind with the rotational component contributing the most in the overestimation. In CMIP6 models, thanks to a better performance in the simulation of both divergent and rotational circulation, LLWs are slightly less strong compared to the CMIP5 models. The improvement in the simulated divergent component is associated with a better representation of the near-surface pressure and/or temperature difference between the Central Africa landmass and the coastal Atlantic Ocean. Regarding the rotational circulation, and especially for HadGEM3-GC31-LL and BCC-CSM2-MR, a simulated higher 850 hPa pressure is associated with less pronounced negative vorticity and a better representation of the rotational circulation. Most CMIP5 models also overestimate the CB cell intensity and width in association with the simulated strength of LLWs. However, in CMIP6 models, the strength of key cell characteristics (intensity and width) are reduced compared to CMIP5 models. This depicts an improvement in the representation of the cell in CMIP6 models and this is associated with the improvement in the simulated LLWs.
Mental health burden of high school students, and suggestions for psychosocial support, 1.5 years into the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria
Authors: Dale Rachel , Jesser Andrea , Pieh Christoph , O’Rourke Teresa , Probst Thomas , Humer Elke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and containment efforts seem to be particularly challenging for adolescents. This study assessed mental health in high school students 1.5 years after the pandemic began in Austria. A cross-sectional survey was carried out from September to November 2021. Well-being (WHO-5), depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep quality were assessed. A total of 1505 adolescents participated (78% girls). The cut-offs for clinically relevant symptoms were exceeded by 62% girls and 38.1% boys for depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 11), 49% girls and 29% boys for anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 11) and 28% girls and 17% boys for insomnia (ISI score ≥ 15). The prevalence of suicidal ideation (item 9 of the PHQ-9) within the last 2 weeks was 47% in girls and 32% in boys. These data collected in autumn 2021 (the start of the second semester of reopened schools; t2) were compared to data collected in February 2021 (one semester after remote schooling; t1). A matched pairs analysis according to age, gender, region, school type and migration background resulted in a total sample size of N = 2514 adolescents. Results showed small deteriorations in mental health (i.e., well-being, depression, insomnia, suicidal ideation) in girls at t2 compared to t1, and an increase in suicidal thoughts in boys (all p-values < 0.05). Qualitative data show that young people have a need for more psychological support, both professional and informal, as well as increased mental health literacy. Results suggest that mental health burden in adolescents remains high 1.5 years into the pandemic and highlight the need to implement timely psychological support.
Aesthetic judgments of 3D arts in virtual reality and online settings
Authors: Gulhan Doga , Durant Szonya , Zanker Johannes M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmpirical aesthetics is beginning to branch off from conventional laboratory-based studies, leading to in-situ, immersive, often more accessible experiments. Here, we explored different types of aesthetic judgments of three-dimensional artworks in two contexts: virtual reality (VR), aiming for an immersive experience, and online settings aiming for an accessible setup for a remote audience. Following the pilot experiment conducted to select a set of 3D artworks, in the first experiment, participants freely engaged with virtual artworks via an eye-tracking-enabled VR headset and provided evaluations based on subjective measures of aesthetic experience such as ratings on liking, novelty, complexity, perceived viewing duration; and the objective viewing duration was also recorded. Results showed positive, linear, and mostly moderate correlations between liking and the other perceived judgment attributes. Supplementary eye-tracking data showed a range of viewing strategies and variation in viewing durations between participants and artworks. Results of the second experiment, adapted as a short online follow-up, showed converging evidence on correlations between the different aspects contributing to aesthetic judgments and suggested similarity of judgment strategies across contexts. In both settings, participants provided further insights via exit questionnaires. We speculate that both VR and online settings offer ecologically valid experimental contexts, create immersive visual arts experience, and enhance accessibility to cultural heritage.
Regional Left Ventricular Fiber Stress Analysis for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Response
Authors: Albatat Mohammad , Finsberg Henrik Nicolay , Arevalo Hermenegild , Sundnes Joakim , Bergsland Jacob , Balasingham Ilangko , Odland Hans Henrik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective treatment for a subgroup of heart failure (HF) patients, but more than 30% of those selected do not improve after CRT implantation. Imperfect pre-procedural criteria for patient selection and optimization are the main causes of the high non-response rate. In this study, we evaluated a novel measure for assessing CRT response. We used a computational modeling framework to calculate the regional stress of the left ventricular wall of seven CRT patients and seven healthy controls. The standard deviation of regional wall stress at the time of mitral valve closure (SD_MVC) was used to quantify dyssynchrony and compared between patients and controls and among the patients. The results show that SD_MVC is significantly lower in controls than patients and correlates with long-term response in patients, based on end-diastolic volume reduction. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, patients with lower SD_MVC respond better to therapy. The patient with the highest SD_MVC was the only non-responder in the patient cohort. The distribution of fiber stress at the beginning of the isovolumetric phase seems to correlate with the degree of response and the use of this measurement could potentially improve selection criteria for CRT implantation. Further studies with a larger cohort of patients are needed to validate these results.
A comprehensive aerobiological study of the airborne pollen in the Irish environment
Authors: Markey Emma , Clancy Jerry Hourihane , Martínez-Bracero Moisés , Maya-Manzano Jose María , Smith Matt , Skjøth Carsten , Dowding Paul , Sarda-Estève Roland , Baisnée Dominique , Donnelly Aoife , McGillicuddy Eoin , Sewell Gavin , O’Connor David J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRespiratory allergies triggered by pollen allergens represent a significant health concern to the Irish public. Up to now, Ireland has largely refrained from participating in long-term aerobiological studies. Recently, pollen monitoring has commenced in several sampling locations around Ireland. The first results of the pollen monitoring campaigns for Dublin (urban) and Carlow (rural) concerning the period 2017–2019 and 2018–2019, respectively, are presented herein. Additional unpublished pollen data from 1978–1980 and, 2010–2011 were also incorporated in creating the first pollen calendar for Dublin. During the monitoring period over 60 pollen types were identified with an average Annual Pollen Integral (APIn) of 32,217 Pollen × day/m3 for Dublin and 78,411 Pollen × day/m3 for Carlow. The most prevalent pollen types in Dublin were: Poaceae (32%), Urticaceae (29%), Cupressaceae/Taxaceae (11%), Betula (10%), Quercus (4%), Pinus (3%), Fraxinus (2%), Alnus (2%) and Platanus (1%). The predominant pollen types in Carlow were identified as Poaceae (70%), Urticaceae (12%), Betula (10%), Quercus (2%), Fraxinus (1%) and Pinus (1%). These prevalent pollen types increased in annual pollen concentration in both locations from 2018 to 2019 except for Fraxinus. Although higher pollen concentrations were observed for the Carlow (rural) site a greater variety of pollen types were identified for the Dublin (urban) site. The general annual trend in the pollen season began with the release of tree pollen in early spring, followed by the release of grass and herbaceous pollen which dominated the summer months with the annual pollen season coming to an end in October. This behaviour was illustrated for 21 different pollen types in the Dublin pollen calendar. The correlation between ambient pollen concentration and meteorological parameters was also examined and differed greatly depending on the location and study year. A striking feature was a substantial fraction of the recorded pollen sampled in Dublin did not correlate with the prevailing wind directions. However, using non-parametric wind regression, specific source regions could be determined such as Alnus originating from the Southeast, Betula originating from the East and Poaceae originating from the Southwest.
Experiences of Mental Health Care Among Women Treated for Postpartum Psychosis in England: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Roxburgh Emily , Morant Nicola , Dolman Clare , Johnson Sonia , Taylor Billie Lever 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPostpartum psychosis has been found to affect 0.89–2.6 per 1000 women. Onset is typically rapid and severe. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are crucial for a good prognosis. Our aim in this study was to understand women’s experiences of mental health care and services for psychosis in the postnatal period. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women who reported being treated for postpartum psychosis. Findings were analysed thematically. Women reported that healthcare professionals across maternity and mental health services often lacked awareness and knowledge of postpartum psychosis and did not always keep them or their partners/families informed, supported, and involved. Women wanted better collaboration between and within services, and more efficient, appropriate, and timely care. They valued inpatient services that could meet their needs, favouring Mother and Baby Units over general psychiatric wards. Early Intervention in Psychosis services and specialist perinatal community mental health teams were also well liked.
Is the Growth of Companies Influencing Their Financial Condition Depending on Their Size: S&P 500 Listed Companies Example
Authors: Bolek Monika , Gniadkowska-Szymańska Agata 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe goal of this paper is related to the analysis of the earnings per share growth and the financial condition of companies as measured by Altman Z-Score Model and their relation. The research has been carried out on the example of S&P500 Index listed companies. The correlation and OLS panel data models with fixed effects were tested. The results indicate that the relationship between the EPS growth and Altman Z-Score is not linear and the smaller the company, the higher its growth index. In most of cases the growth of EPS influenced the Altman Z-scores in a positive way. On contrary in the group of medium size companies, EPS growth influenced the financial condition in a negative way. The article fills the gap related to the growth, the size and financial condition of the company that can improve if the management of growth is efficient.
“It’s hard to feel a part of something when you’ve never met people”: defining “learning community” in an online era
Authors: Prodgers Lucy , Travis Elizabeth , Pownall Madeleine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFeeling part of a community of learners has been shown to foster students’ engagement and sense of belonging, leading to higher retention and achievement of learning outcomes. The pivot to online teaching caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a reappraisal of all aspects of the student experience, including students’ capacity and opportunity to engage in meaningful learning communities online. There has been some emergent literature which considers how to facilitate online learning communities in the emergency remote teaching context prompted by COVID-19. However, there is a notable lack of literature which considers how learning communities are defined, understood, and negotiated by students in this unique teaching context. Given how students’ perceptions of learning communities contributes to Higher Education policy (e.g. through the National Student Survey), this is important to understand. In the present study (N = 309), we qualitatively investigated students’ understanding and definition of the term “learning community” during a time of emergency pivot to online teaching and learning. A reflexive thematic analysis of students’ first-hand responses generated three dominant themes: “Feeling connected: Bridging the gap whilst physically distanced”, “Feeling included: Visible and valued”, and “Feeling together: Mutuality and the shared experience”. We discuss the implications for these conceptualisations of an online learning community and suggest ways forward for Higher Education pedagogy.