bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic positions of Paronychomys Jacobs and Basirepomys Korth and De Blieux relative to the tribe Neotomini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Authors: Kelly Thomas S. , Martin Robert A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA recent study on the fossil history of North American woodrats and their relatives suggested that the Neotomini includes two subtribes: the Neotomina (woodrats; Tsaphanomys, Neotoma, Hodomys, Xenomys) and Galushamyina (reprats: Protorepomys, Galushamys, Miotomodon, Repomys, Nelsonia). The extinct Miocene Lindsaymys was proposed as a possible early neotominan, but not formally included in the Neotomini. In other studies, two extinct genera, Basirepomys and Paronychomys, occasionally have been treated as related to neotominans, but their ancestry had not been formally explored in detail. We performed a phylogenetic analysis on representatives of all genera with 40 dental and mandibular characters likely to be preserved in fossil material. The analysis resulted in a single most parsimonious tree supporting a neotominan-galushamyinan tribal classification of the Neotomini, and securely placed Lindsaymys within the Neotomina. None of the Basirepomys and Paronychomys species or Protorepomys bartlettensis nested within the Neotomini. The three Basirepomys species, possibly a paraphyletic group, are not closely related to Repomys, and Paronychomys (minus P. shotwelli = Tsaphanomys shotwelli) is not closely related to Onychomys, but is a possible sister group to the Neotomini. With the understanding that further study may remove it from Protorepomys, P. bartlettensis is tentatively retained within the genus, representing a relatively underived species possibly ancestral to both neotominan clades. Neotoma species of the extinct subgenus Paraneotoma and extant Neotoma may be paraphyletic at the generic level, but that determination will require further study.
The efficacy of non-invasive, non-convulsive electrical neuromodulation on depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Ying-Chih , Kuo Po-Hsiu , Su Min-I , Huang Wei-Lieh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effects of non-invasive, non-convulsive electrical neuromodulation (NINCEN) on depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance are inconsistent in different studies. Previous meta-analyses on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cerebral electrotherapy stimulation (CES) suggested that these methods are effective on depression. However, not all types of NINECN were included; results on anxiety and sleep disturbance were lacking and the influence of different populations and treatment parameters was not completely analyzed. We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, PsycArticles and CINAHL before March 2021 and included published randomized clinical trials of all types of NINCEN for symptoms of depression, anxiety and sleep in clinical and non-clinical populations. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The main outcome was change in the severity of depressive symptoms after NINCEN treatment. A total of 58 studies on NINCEN were included in the meta-analysis. Active tDCS showed a significant effect on depressive symptoms (Hedges' g = 0.544), anxiety (Hedges' g = 0.667) and response rate (odds ratio = 1.9594) compared to sham control. CES also had a significant effect on depression (Hedges' g = 0.654) and anxiety (Hedges' g = 0.711). For all types of NINCEN, active stimulation was significantly effective on depression, anxiety, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, total sleep time, etc. Our results showed that tDCS has significant effects on both depression and anxiety and that these effects are robust for different populations and treatment parameters. The rational expectation of the tDCS effect is ‘response’ rather than ‘remission’. CES also is effective for depression and anxiety, especially in patients with disorders of low severity.
Developmental relations between facets of morphological awareness in Chinese: a latent change score modeling study
Authors: Koh Poh Wee , Wagner Richard K. , Quinn Jamie M. , Yi Hui , Li Miao , Li Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChinese morphological awareness is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct but there is a lack of understanding of how its dimensions are related. Latent change score modeling was used to examine the bivariate relationships of two facets of oral morphological awareness, namely morpheme and structure awareness in Chinese children in grades one through three. Two hundred and three children in China completed morpheme (homonym awareness) and structure awareness (lexical compounding) tasks across the three grades (M = 6.66, SD = .30 at the first time point). Results indicated that growth in structure awareness was predicted in part by previous levels of morpheme awareness, suggesting that morpheme awareness leads the growth of structure awareness. Educational implications are discussed.
Incidence and risk factors of hospitalisations for respiratory syncytial virus among children aged less than 2 years
Authors: Na'amnih Wasef , Kassem Eias , Tannous Shebly , Kagan Viktoria , Jbali Athar , Hanukayev Elizabeth , Freimann Sarit , Obolski Uri , Muhsen Khitam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The study aim was to examine the incidence and risk factors of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis hospitalisations and disease severity among infants. We compared demographic and health characteristics of children aged 0–23 hospitalised for RSV bronchiolitis (cases, n = 1227) during 2008–2018 and control children (n = 554) of the same age admitted for non-respiratory disease. RSV antigen was detected in nasal swabs by immunochromatography. Multiple logistic regression models were applied. The average annual incidence of hospitalisation for RSV bronchiolitis was 12.6 per 1000 and 1.7 per 1000 (P < 0.001) among infants and toddlers, respectively, with winter seasonality (November–March). The risk of hospitalisation for RSV bronchiolitis increased among children aged 0–5 months (OR 7.66; 95% CI 5.61–10.45) and 6–11 months (OR 12.88, 95% CI 8.48–19.55), compared to those aged 12–23 months. Additional risk factors were living in low vs. higher socio-economic status towns (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.14–1.95), having chronic medical conditions (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.61–4.70), birth month (October–January vs. June–September) (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.60–2.99) and history of stay in neonatal intensive care unit at birth (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.27–4.41). Male children and those who had pneumonia were more likely to have severe RSV bronchiolitis. In conclusion, the burden of hospitalisations for RSV bronchiolitis is high, especially in young infants. Effective preventive measures such as RSV active vaccines can reduce the risk of hospitalisations for RSV bronchiolitis among these vulnerable groups.
Palliative vertical vein stenting in a critical neonate with obstructed infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Chaturvedi Kanupriya , Deshmukh Apurva , Thakur Prashant , Lal Amit , Prabhu Atul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeonatal total anomalous pulmonary venous connection has an incidence of about ∼1–2%.1 The clinical presentation of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in the neonatal period is dependent on the presence or absence of pulmonary venous obstruction, which is usual when the veins connect to the umbilicovitelline system, as in infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection presents with severe respiratory distress, metabolic acidosis, and cyanosis and requires urgent surgical intervention. However, critically ill neonates with obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection have a higher surgical morbidity and mortality, and pre-operative stabilisation can improve outcomes in them. We present a case of a septic term neonate with obstructed infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection who underwent emergency palliative stent placement for immediate relief of pulmonary venous obstruction.
Decision-making depends on language: A meta-analysis of the Foreign Language Effect
Authors: Del Maschio Nicola , Crespi Federico , Peressotti Francesca , Abutalebi Jubin , Sulpizio Simone 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the present meta-analysis, we investigated the robustness and the magnitude of the Foreign Language Effect (FLE) – that is, the putative effect of language context (native versus foreign language) on decision-making. We also investigated whether the FLE is moderated by language experience – measured by second language age of acquisition and proficiency – or by methodological choices – the types of decision problems adopted, the presentation modality of the tasks administered, and the perspective in which problems are framed. Our results showed a reliable FLE, which was not moderated by language experience or methodological choices. We discuss our findings in relation to available theories of FLE, and indicate possible future directions to improve our understanding of the interplay between bilingualism and decision-making.
Radiometric calibration stability assessment of Sentinel-1B using point targets at Surat Basin, Australia
Authors: Badatala Sowkhya , Sharma Shweta , Tripathi Saurabh , Patel Parul R. , Mathur Aloke K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe launch of the Sentinel-1B satellite in April 2016 completed the two-satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) constellation of the European Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission. The European Space Agency executed the calibration of this sensor during the commissioning phase and an independent calibration by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in 2016. The calibration parameters must be monitored to assess the stability of the instrument. This study reports the temporal stability assessment of radiometric calibration and image quality parameters of Sentinel-1B SAR data using the corner reflector (CR) array, Surat Basin, Australia. Impulse response functions generated from the CRs in the satellite images were used to derive the image quality parameters. The average radar cross-section difference between estimated and theoretical values (38.40 dB m2) was 0.53 dB m2 for 1.5 m CRs, which is accordant with the absolute radiometric accuracy specified for the Sentinel-1 SAR system. Derived image quality parameters viz. the mean peak-to-side lobe ratio, mean integrated side lobe ratio, and spatial resolutions in the range and azimuth directions were found to be accordant with the specified value for the Sentinel-1 SAR system. The results indicate the excellent quality of the Sentinel-1B data.
Oriented Magnetite Inclusions in Plagioclase: Implications for the Anisotropy of Magnetic Remanence
Authors: Ageeva O. , Habler G. , Gilder S. A. , Schuster R. , Pertsev A. , Pilipenko O. , Bian G. , Abart R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicron to sub‐micron sized ferromagnetic inclusions in rock forming silicate minerals may give rise to particularly stable remanent magnetizations. When a population of inclusions have a preferred crystallographic or shape orientation in a rock, the recorded paleomagnetic direction and intensity may be biased by magnetic anisotropy. To better understand this effect, we investigated plagioclase grains from oceanic gabbro dredged from the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge at 11°–17°N. The plagioclase grains contain abundant needle and lath shaped magnetite inclusions aligned along specific directions of the plagioclase lattice. Electron back scatter diffraction and anisotropy of magnetic remanence measurements are used to correlate the orientation distribution of the magnetite inclusions in the host plagioclase that contains multiple twin types (Manebach, Carlsbad, Albite, and Pericline) with the bulk magnetic anisotropy of the inclusion‐host assembly. In non‐modified plagioclase, the anisotropy ellipsoid of magnetic remanence has oblate shapes that parallels the plagioclase (010) plane. It is suggested that recrystallization of magnetite inclusions during hydrothermal overprint shifts the relative abundance of the inclusions pertaining to the different orientation classes. We show that the maximum axis of the anisotropy ellipsoid of magnetic remanence parallels the plagioclase [001] direction, which in turn controls the recorded remanent magnetization direction. Our results are relevant for paleointensity and paleodirection determinations and for the interpretation of magnetic fabrics.
Along‐Dip Segmentation of the Slip Behavior and Rheology of the Copiapó Ridge Subducted in North‐Central Chile
Authors: Pastén‐Araya F. , Potin B. , Azúa K. , Sáez M. , Aden‐Antoniów F. , Ruiz S. , Cabrera L. , Ampuero J. P. , Nocquet J. M. , Rivera L. , Duputel Z. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe studied the along‐dip influence of the Copiapó ridge subduction in the Atacama region, North‐Central Chile by building a new seismicity catalog, including similar events and non‐volcanic tremors (NVTs). We also obtained a 3‐D tomographic model for P and S‐waves velocity (and the implied Vp/Vs ratio). We identify along‐dip segmentation involving four distinct segments: a locked seismogenic zone hosting ordinary seismicity and clusters of similar events; a transition zone with NVTs and low seismicity; an aseismic zone with slow‐slip events; and a deep zone with abundant intraslab seismicity. The velocity models show differences among these zones, with low velocity anomalies of Vp and Vs coinciding with aseismic slip zones, indicating the possible presence of fluids. Due to the spatial distribution along‐strike and along‐dip of the aseismic zones, we propose that these differences in seismogenic behavior are generated by subduction of the heterogeneous seamounts associated with the Copiapó ridge.
Volcanic Climate Warming Through Radiative and Dynamical Feedbacks of SO2 Emissions
Authors: Guzewich Scott D. , Oman Luke D. , Richardson Jacob A. , Whelley Patrick L. , Bastelberger Sandra T. , Young Kelsey E. , Bleacher Jacob E. , Fauchez Thomas J. , Kopparapu Ravi K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVolcanic flood basalt eruptions have been linked to or are contemporaneous with major climate disruptions, ocean anoxic events, and mass extinctions throughout at least the last 400 M years of Earth's history. Previous studies and recent history have shown that volcanically‐driven climate cooling can occur through reflection of sunlight by H2SO4 aerosols, while longer‐term climate warming can occur via CO2 emissions. We use the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry‐Climate Model to simulate a 4‐year duration volcanic SO2 emission of the scale of the Wapshilla Ridge member of the Columbia River Basalt eruption. Brief cooling from H2SO4 aerosols is outweighed by dynamically and radiatively driven warming of the climate through a three orders of magnitude increase in stratospheric H2O vapor.
A Revised Adiabatic Temperature Profile for the Mantle
Authors: Katsura Tomoo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study reevaluates the adiabatic temperature profile of the Earth's mantle. The global average temperature at the 410‐km discontinuity is estimated to be 1839 (38) K by comparing the globally averaged depths of the 410‐km discontinuity with the previously determined phase diagram of the olivine‐wadsleyite transition in the system (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 at two temperatures. The temperature at the 410‐km discontinuity is extrapolated to shallower and deeper regions using the adiabatic temperature gradient, which is estimated from the pressure‐volume‐temperature relations and heat capacities of the major mantle minerals, namely, olivine, wadselyite, ringwoodite, and bridgmanite. The experimental temperatures and pressures in the original studies used in these evaluations are recalculated using the recently proposed pressure correction on EMF of the W97Re3‐W75Re25 thermocouple. The uncertainties are evaluated by the Monte Carlo simulation. The temperatures on the adiabatic temperature profile are found to be 1646 (35), 1994 (40), 1960 (40), and 2587 (60) K, respectively, at a 50‐km depth, just above the 660‐km discontinuity, just below the 660‐km discontinuity, and at 2,800‐km depth. The lower mantle temperatures in the current estimation are lower than those given by Katsura et al. (2010), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2010.07.001. The 50‐km depth temperature is slightly higher but generally agrees to that estimated from the melting of depleted peridotite.
A Landscape Evolution Modeling Approach for Predicting Three‐Dimensional Soil Organic Carbon Redistribution in Agricultural Landscapes
Authors: Kwang Jeffrey S. , Thaler Evan A. , Quirk Brendon J. , Quarrier Caroline L. , Larsen Isaac J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoil erosion diminishes agricultural productivity by driving the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC). The ability to predict SOC redistribution is important for guiding sustainable agricultural practices and determining the influence of soil erosion on the carbon cycle. Here, we develop a landscape evolution model that couples soil mixing and transport to predict soil loss and SOC patterns within agricultural fields. Our reduced complexity numerical model requires the specification of only two physical parameters: a plow mixing depth, Lp, and a hillslope diffusion coefficient, D. Using topography as an input, the model predicts spatial patterns of surficial SOC concentrations and complex 3D SOC pedostratigraphy. We use soil cores from native prairies to determine initial SOC‐depth relations and the spatial pattern of remote sensing‐derived SOC in adjacent agricultural fields to evaluate the model predictions. The model reproduces spatial patterns of soil loss comparable to those observed in satellite images. Our results indicate that the distribution of soil erosion and SOC in agricultural fields can be predicted using a simple geomorphic model where hillslope diffusion plays a dominant role. Such predictions can aid estimates of carbon burial and evaluate the potential for future soil loss in agricultural landscapes.
Modeling Concurrent Hydroclimatic Extremes With Parametric Multivariate Extreme Value Models
Authors: Sharma Shailza , Mujumdar P. P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEstimating the dependence structure of concurrent extremes is a fundamental issue for accurate assessment of their occurrence probabilities. Identifying the extremal dependence behavior is also crucial for scientific understanding of interactions between the variables of a multidimensional environmental process. This study investigates the suitability of parametric multivariate extreme value models to correctly represent and estimate the dependence structure of concurrent extremes. Probabilistic aspects of multivariate extreme value theory with point process representation are discussed and illustrated with application to the concurrence of rainfall deficits, soil moisture deficits, and high temperatures. Application is concerned with the investigation of extremal behavior and risk assessment in Marathwada, a drought‐prone region of Maharashtra state, India. To characterize the multivariate extremes, marginal distributions are specified first and transformed into unit Fréchet margins. Standardized distributions are represented by a Poisson point process and coordinates of data points are transformed to pseudo‐polar coordinates to make the dependence form more explicit. The extremal dependence structure is described through angular densities on the unit simplex. Strong dependence is observed between soil moisture deficits and high temperatures, whereas rainfall deficits are mildly dependent on these two variables. Overall, a weak dependence is observed between the variables considered. Estimated extremal dependence is further used to compute probabilities of a few critical extreme combinations. Results demonstrate the ability of parametric multivariate models to characterize the complex dependence structure of concurrent extremes. These models can provide a powerful new perspective for appropriate statistical analysis of dependent hydroclimatic extremes in higher dimensions.
Identification of cytotoxic T cells and their T cell receptor sequences targeting COVID-19 using MHC class I-binding peptides
Authors: Hikichi Tetsuro , Sakamoto Michiko , Harada Makiko , Saito Maki , Yamane Yuka , Tokumura Kimihisa , Nakamura Yusuke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) was first reported in China in December 2019, various variants have been identified in different areas of the world such as United Kingdom (alpha), South Africa (beta and omicron), Brazil (gamma), and India (delta). Some of SARS-CoV-2 variants, each of which is characterized by a unique mutation(s) in spike protein, are concerned due to their high infectivity and the capability to escape from neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccinations. To identify peptide epitopes that are derived from SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and possibly induce CD8+ T cell immunity, we investigated SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides that are likely to bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. We identified a total of 15 peptides that bind to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*24:02, HLA-A*02:01, or HLA-A*02:06, and possibly induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs); thirteen of them corresponded to ORF1ab polyprotein, one peptide to spike protein and the remaining one to membrane glycoprotein. CD8+ T cells that recognize these peptides were detected in peripheral blood samples in three individuals recovered from COVID-19 as well as non-infected individuals. Since most of these peptides are commonly conserved among other coronaviruses including SARS-CoV and/or MERS-CoV, these might be useful to maintain T cell responses to coronaviruses that are pandemic at present and will become the future threat. We could define pairs of TRA and TRB sequences of nine CTL clones that recognize SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides. We might use these SARS-CoV-2-derived peptide-reactive TCR sequences for investigating the history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The projected impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on breast cancer deaths in England due to the cessation of population screening: a national estimation
Authors: Duffy Stephen W. , Seedat Farah , Kearins Olive , Press Mike , Walton Jackie , Myles Jonathan , Vulkan Daniel , Sharma Nisha , Mackie Anne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Population breast screening services in England were suspended in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we estimate the number of breast cancers whose detection may be delayed because of the suspension, and the potential impact on cancer deaths over 10 years.

Methods
We estimated the number and length of screening delays from observed NHS Breast Screening System data. We then estimated additional breast cancer deaths from three routes: asymptomatic tumours progressing to symptomatically diagnosed disease, invasive tumours which remain screen-detected but at a later date, and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) progressing to invasive disease by detection. We took progression rates, prognostic characteristics, and survival rates from published sources.

Results
We estimated that 1,489,237 women had screening delayed by around 2–7 months between July 2020 and June 2021, leaving 745,277 outstanding screens. Depending on how quickly this backlog is cleared, around 2500–4100 cancers would shift from screen-detected to symptomatic cancers, resulting in 148–452 additional breast cancer deaths. There would be an additional 164–222 screen-detected tumour deaths, and 71–97 deaths from DCIS that progresses to invasive cancer.

Conclusions
An estimated 148–687 additional breast cancer deaths may occur as a result of the pandemic-related disruptions. The impact depends on how quickly screening services catch up with delays.