bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing Sudden Death of High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries at Elevated Temperature Through Interfacial Ion‐Flux Rectification
Authors: Wang Yong , Chang Xiwang , Li Zhiyuan , Mei Yueni , Zhang Yixiao , Liu Lei , Wang Ke , Gu Haitao , Li Linsen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries commonly exhibit a gradual loss of Li‐storage capacity during operation and storage. However, they can also abruptly lose much of their capacity in a rollover fashion (i.e., “sudden death”) under aggressive but practically relevant conditions, such as high‐voltage operation or cycling at elevated temperatures. Here the origin of rollover failure is investigated in high‐energy LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2‐graphite (NCA‐Gr) batteries cycled at 55 °C. A combined chemical, structural, and electrochemical studies revealed that severe Li plating at the anode surface is the major reason causing the capacity rollover. The Li plating at elevated temperature is triggered by temperature hotspots resulting from inhomogeneous Li‐ion flux, which is a thermodynamic‐driven mechanism different from the kinetically limited one at low temperature and/or under fast‐charging conditions. A Zr(OH)4‐coated, ion‐rectifying separator is further designed to enable an NCA‐Gr pouch cell with a stable cycle performance for 600 cycles and without a sudden death at 55 °C.
The Edge Effects Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Performance of Platinum/Transition Bimetallic Phosphide Hybrid Electrocatalysts
Authors: Tan Yeshu , Feng Jianrui , Dong Haobo , Liu Longxiang , Zhao Siyu , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi , Bai Ying , Parkin Ivan P. , He Guanjie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlatinum (Pt) is regarded as a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, its application in an alkaline medium is limited by the activation energy of water dissociation, diffusion of H+, and desorption of H*. Moreover, the formation of effective structures with a low Pt usage amount is still a challenge. Herein, guided by the simulation discovery that the edge effect can boost local electric field (LEF) of the electrocatalysts for faster proton diffusion, platinum nanocrystals on the edge of transition metal phosphide nanosheets are fabricated. The unique heterostructure with ultralow Pt amount delivered an outstanding HER performance in an alkaline medium with a small overpotential of 44.5 mV and excellent stability for 80 h at the current density of −10 mA cm−2. The mass activity of as‐prepared electrocatalyst is 2.77 A mg−1Pt, which is 15 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts (0.18 A mg−1Pt). The density function theory calculation revealed the efficient water dissociation, fast adsorption, and desorption of protons with hybrid structure. The study provides an innovative strategy to design unique nanostructures for boosting HER performances via achieving both synergistic effects from hybrid components and enhanced LEF from the structural edge effect.
Toward an Understanding of Bimetallic MXene Solid‐Solution in Binder‐Free Electrocatalyst Cathode for Advanced Li–CO2 Batteries
Authors: Zhao Wentian , Yang Yong , Deng Qinghua , Dai Qingyang , Fang Zhao , Fu Xiaolong , Yan Wuwei , Wu Lizhi , Zhou Yong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLi–CO2 batteries have received extensive attention due to their high energy storage capacity and utilization of CO2 resources. Herein, bimetallic MXene solid‐solution TiVC is prepared and combined with highly conductive graphene for the construction of binder‐free electrocatalyst cathodes for Li–CO2 batteries. Considering the electronic structure, the unique synergy effect between Ti and V in TiVC enhances the interfacial chemical bonding ability, facilitates sufficient exposure of active sites and promotes catalytic interfacial structural reformation, thereby promoting the reversible formation and decomposition of the chemically inert discharge product Li2CO3. Meanwhile, the abundant pores and excellent electron transfer ability of graphene aerogel are conducive to the gas diffusion and ion transport, thus reducing the mass and charge transfer resistance. As a result, the assembled Li–CO2 battery presents an excellent discharge capacity of 27 880 mAh g−1 with a stable discharge plateau of 2.77 V and low overpotential of 1.5 V based on the TiVC‐graphene aerogel electrocatalytic cathode. The density functional theory calculations are further performed to deeply reveal the unique electronic structure information between Ti and V in the solid‐solution TiVC. This study provides inspiration for exploring more bimetallic MXene solid solutions and developing advanced cathode catalysts for flexible Li–CO2 batteries.
A Dual‐Function Additive to Regulate Nucleation Behavior and Interfacial Chemistry for Ultra‐Stable Na Metal Anodes beyond One Year
Authors: Chen Qianwen , Zhuang Weiman , Hou Zhen , Jiang Yabin , Wan Jianyong , Zhang Tianxu , Zhao Yun , Huang Limin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSodium (Na) metal anodes suffer from dendrite formation and inferior reversibility, mainly induced by the inhomogeneous nucleation/growth and fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which hinders their commercial application. Optimizing nucleation behavior or SEI features can improve Na deposition/stripping process, as observed in most currently available approaches, but its long‐term cyclic stability remains a great challenge because these issues are not fully optimized/solved in an individual method. Herein, a dual‐role crown ether additive (CEA) is introduced into electrolytes to circumvent these challenges concurrently. As revealed by experiments and theoretical calculations, CEA possesses a strong affinity with Na+ and effectively regulates desolvation kinetics, leading to the uniform Na nucleation/growth. On the other hand, the resultant Na+/CEA complexes with a strong Lewis acid feature easily attract anions, which enables an anion‐abundant solvation sheath, resulting in a NaF‐rich SEI. Consequently, Na|Cu cells deliver a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.95% beyond one year and stable cyclic stability over 3000 h even under a high depth of discharge (75%), surpassing most previous studies. Furthermore, this concept is readily extended to zinc metal batteries, verifying that simultaneous nucleation control and interfacial chemistry regulation are promising ways to realize stable metal anodes.
Hierarchical Design of Cross‐Linked NiCo2S4 Nanowires Bridged NiCo‐Hydrocarbonate Polyhedrons for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhao Junping , Wang Yahui , Qian Yudan , Jin Huile , Tang Xinyue , Huang Zaimei , Lou Jiayi , Zhang Qingcheng , Lei Yong , Wang Shun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEngineering core‐shell materials with rationally designed architectures and components is an effective strategy to fulfill the high‐performance requirements of supercapacitors. Herein, hierarchical candied‐haws‐like NiCo2S4@NiCo(HCO3)2 core‐shell heterostructure (NiCo2S4@HCs) is designed with NiCo(HCO3)2 polyhedrons being tightly strung by cross‐linked NiCo2S4 nanowires. This rational design not only creates more electroactive sites but also suppresses the volume expansion during the charge–discharge processes. Meanwhile, density functional theory calculations ascertain that the formation of NiCo2S4@HCs heterostructure simultaneously facilitates OH− adsorption/desorption and accelerates electron transfer within the electrode, boosting fast and efficient redox reactions. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction and Raman measurements reveal that gradual phase transformations from NiCo(HCO3)2 to NiCo(OH)2CO3 and then to highly‐active NiCoOOH take place during the cycles. Therefore, NiCo2S4@HCs demonstrates an ultrahigh capacitance of 3178.2 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a remarkable rate capability of 2179.3 F g−1 at 30 A g−1. In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitor NiCo2S4@HCs//AC exhibits a high energy density of 69.6 W h kg−1 at the power density of 847 W kg−1 and excellent cycling stability with 90.2% retained capacitance after 10 000 cycles. Therefore, this novel structural design has effectively manipulated the interface charge states and guaranteed the structural integrity of electrode materials to achieve superior electrochemical performances.
Grain‐Boundary‐Rich Triphasic Artificial Hybrid Interphase Toward Practical Magnesium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Yuanjian , Yang Gaoliang , Zhang Chang , Lieu Wei Ying , Lim Carina Yi Jing , Sun Shengnan , Wang Jianbiao , Jiang Shunqiong , Xing Zhenxiang , Sofer Zdenek , Ng Man‐Fai , Liu Wei , Seh Zhi Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMagnesium metal anodes have attracted widespread attention for their high volumetric capacity and natural abundance, but are precluded from practical applications by poor rate capability and limited lifespan due to sluggish ion‐transfer kinetics and uneven deposition behavior. Herein, for the first time a grain‐boundary‐rich triphasic artificial hybrid interphase, consisting of Sb metal, Mg3Sb2 alloy, and MgCl2, is designed on Mg anode surface by a facile solution treatment method, enabling high‐rate and long‐cycle Mg plating/stripping behavior. The triphasic artificial hybrid interphase affords high magnesiophilicity and ionic conductivity to reduce the energy barriers for Mg2+ desolvation and deposition. Meanwhile, the abundant grain boundaries redistribute Mg2+ flux at the electrode‐electrolyte interface and guide uniform Mg deposition. Accordingly, the as‐designed Mg metal anode achieves ultralong cycling life of 350 h at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2 and a large areal capacity of 5 mAh cm−2, outperforming previously reported Mg metal anodes with artificial interphases. Full cells with Mo6 cathode also show extraordinary stability over a long lifespan of 8000 cycles at a high rate of 5 C. The rational artificial interphase design and the understanding of composition‐structure‐function relationships shed deep insights into the development of fast‐charging and long‐cycling Mg metal batteries.
Amorphous Carbon Films for Electronic Applications
Authors: Kim Ik‐Soo , Shim Chae‐Eun , Kim Sang Won , Lee Chang‐Seok , Kwon Junyoung , Byun Kyung‐Eun , Jeong Unyong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile various crystalline carbon allotropes, including graphene, have been actively investigated, amorphous carbon (a‐C) thin films have received relatively little attention. The a‐C is a disordered form of carbon bonding with a broad range of the CC bond length and bond angle. Although accurate structural analysis and theoretical approaches are still insufficient, reproducible structure–property relationships have been accumulated. As the a‐C thin film is now adapted as a hardmask in the semiconductor industry and new properties are reported continuously, expectations are growing that it can be practically used as active materials beyond as a simple sacrificial layer. In this perspective review article, after a brief introduction to the synthesis and properties of the a‐C thin films, their potential practical applications are proposed, including hardmasks, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pellicles, diffusion barriers, deformable electrodes and interconnects, sensors, active layers, electrodes for energy, micro‐supercapacitors, batteries, nanogenerators, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and nanomembranes. The article ends with a discussion on the technological challenges in a‐C thin films.
Full‐Color Circularly Polarized Luminescence of CsPbX3 Nanocrystals Triggered by Chiral Carbon Dots
Authors: Ru Yi , Zhang Baowei , Yong Xue , Sui Laizhi , Yu Jingkun , Song Haoqiang , Lu Siyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChiral carbon dots (Ch‐CDs) trigger the full‐color circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of CsPbX3 nanocrystals (NCs). Ch‐CDs‐CsPbBr3 NCs are successfully synthesized via simple ligand‐assisted coprecipitation of Ch‐CDs and metal halides precursors at room temperature. Ch‐CDs‐CsPbBr3 retains emission characteristics of the CsPbBr3 with near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and meanwhile has special CPL, with a maximum luminescence dissymmetric factor (glum) of −3.1 × 10−3, which is induced by Ch‐CDs. This is the first report of chiral perovskite which is induced by other chiral nanomaterials. By anion exchange, CPL can cover almost the entire visible light band. Surprisingly, the chiral signal of Ch‐CDs‐CsPbBr3 NCs is in‐versed under excitation state, which can be induced by the charge transfers between Ch‐CDs and perovskite NCs. The combination of perovskites and Ch‐CDs pave away for the design of new chiral perovskite on multifunctional applications.
A Facile Method for Thermally, Light, and Mechanically Stable Organic Solar Cells Using Ultraviolet‐Initiated Crosslinkable Additive
Authors: Choi Yelim , Park Sang Ah , Bae Yurim , Kim Dohyun , Kim Minjun , Park Taiho 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCrosslinkable additive in organic solar cells has great potential to fix metastable bulk heterojunction, supplying solutions for burn‐in loss and long‐term instability. New roles of crosslinkable additive as a solvent additive, radical scavenger, and stretchability enhancer beyond its well‐known role as a crosslinker with morphology frozen effect are reported. According to the main chain structure between Br in end groups, crosslinkable additive is divided into two types of alkyl and siloxane main chain, expecting different roles. First, the alkyl moiety molecule, 1,8‐dibromooctane (DBr‐octane), provides the effects of improved thermal and light stability without any loss in efficiency. The DBr‐octane device shows remarkable enhanced results in burn‐in‐free, maintaining 90% of its initial efficiency after 600 min at 85 °C, and light stability, maintaining 90% of its initial efficiency after 360 min under 1 SUN, in a fullerene system. Second, crosslinkable additive is treated with siloxane main chain molecule, bis(3‐bromopropyl)‐terminated poly(dimethyl siloxane) (DBr‐siloxane), in an active layer to secure stretchability. As a result, the DBr‐siloxane‐treated film stretches up to 70% and the flexible device of the fullerene system maintains an initial efficiency of over 60% after 1000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 1.8 mm.
Interfacial Charge Modulation: An Efficient Strategy for Stable Blue Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liang Shanshan , Wang Shujie , Wu Ziho , Wen Bo , Cai Guofa , Jiang Xiaohong , Huang Guangguang , Li Chenguang , Zhao Yaolong , Du Zuliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are proposed as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation displays, but their commercial application is seriously limited due to the poor performance of blue QLEDs (B‐QLEDs). Herein, this work uses Ti3C2Tx nanosheets to tune the work function (WF) of ZnMgO and to engineer the quantum dot (QD)/electron transport layer (ETL) interface. The B‐QLEDs with ZnMgO‐Ti3C2Tx hybrid ETL exhibit a maximum EQE of 15.81% and a remarkable T50 operation lifetime of 3284 h at 100 cd m−2. In addition to that, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations both confirm that the addition of Ti3C2Tx to ZnMgO can effectively tune the ZnMgO's work function, further give rise to the reduction of QD/ETL energy barrier, which finally results in the alleviation of charge accumulation at the QD/ETL interface. The findings of interface engineering by Ti3C2Tx not only provide a promising strategy for the application of 2D materials in optoelectronic devices, but also pave the way to construct high‐performance light‐emitting diodes.
Ecofriendly Perovskites with Giant Self‐Defocusing Optical Response
Authors: Suárez Isaac , Martínez‐Pastor Juan P. , Oszajca Marek F. , Lüchinger Norman A. , Graves Brian , Agouram Said , Milián Carles , Ferrando Albert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe full optical control of light using sustainable green technologies is one of the incipient challenges of the Photonics community. There are, however, few optical materials able to provide a significant nonlinear refractive index change under small enough intensities (< 1 GW cm−2), and, more importantly, allowing the external control of the magnitude and sign of their nonlinear response. This manuscript demonstrates that Cs2SnI6 lead‐free nanocrystals (NCs) present an extraordinary self‐defocusing response not yet observed up to now in any material. Despite its complex structural form, these NCs are fully characterized here, both experimentally and theoretically, revealing a giant negative refractive change Δn = −0.05 under proper illumination conditions. The nonlinear response is tuned with the intensity, concentration of NCs in the solvent, and propagation distance leading to a crossover where the media transforms to self‐focusing with Δn = +0.002. These results can provide fascinating opportunities in sensing and light–matter interactions for a future ecofriendly photonic technology.
Sustaining capacity building and practical skills training during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons from India
Authors: Owens Susan , Ahluwalia Tania , Douglass Kate , Gidwani Shweta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe scale and duration of the COVID‐19 pandemic posed a threat to provide the required support needed by emergency medicine (EM) trainees in India participating in the masters in EM program, a global partnership between the Ronald Reagan Institute for Emergency Medicine at the George Washington University and 14 institutions in India. While some of this support has been filled by remote education through thrice‐weekly online video conferencing and webinars, the gap in procedural teaching posed a different challenge.MethodsWe developed a two‐part innovation to teach suture skills, a required procedure for EM trainees. The innovation consisted of a hands‐on procedure lab with the opportunity for live feedback followed by an independent competitive skill demonstration. Trainees were notified in advance of materials needed for the procedure lab to encourage attendance and participation.ResultsA total of 160 trainees attended the virtual suture skills lab; 74 trainees (46% of attendees) submitted feedback back of whom 94% were able to practice skills in real time. Written feedback was overwhelmingly positive and included requests to implement this method for other procedural skills. Twenty‐one residents participated in the Innovative Suture Challenge, with the top three submissions receiving accolades in the following grand rounds–style session.ConclusionsThe combination of virtual teaching with the opportunity for real‐time feedback and an integrated project to independently showcase skills learned is a way to continue procedural skills teaching in a remote environment. The aim of this innovation was to test the feasibility, acceptability, and level of engagement of conducting virtual, live supervised suturing remotely across multiple geographical locations. Our next step would be to gather pre and post data to measure the impact. Additionally, we believe this provides a proof‐of‐concept model to further explore sustainable, cost‐effective, and scalable models for remote procedure‐based teaching.
Aggregation in carbon dots
Authors: Ru Yi , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Lu Siyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) possess outstanding luminescence properties, making them widely used in optical displays, anti‐counterfeiting systems, bioimaging, and sensors. Presently, there is much debate about the classification of CDs, as well as their formation process, structure, and fluorescence mechanisms. Aggregation plays an important role in the formation and fluorescence (e.g., aggregation‐induced emission) of CDs, yet is seldom studied in detail. This review aims fill this knowledge gap, by first exploring how aggregation leads to the formation of different types of CDs (e.g., graphene quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, and carbonized polymer dots), followed by a detailed examination of the effect of aggregation‐induced morphology on the luminescence properties and application of CDs. Finally, opportunities and challenges for the application of CDs in various applications are discussed, with the need for better mechanistic understanding of aggregation‐induced luminescence being an imperative.
Phase Covariant Channel: Quantum Speed Limit of Evolution
Authors: Baruah Riya , Paulson K. G. , Banerjee Subhashish 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe quantum speed of evolution for the phase covariant map is investigated. This involves absorption, emission, and dephasing processes. The maps under various combinations of the above processes are considered to investigate the effect of phase covariant maps on quantum speed limit time. For absorption‐free phase covariant maps, combinations of dissipative and CP‐(in)divisible (non)‐Markovian dephasing noises are considered. The role of coherence‐mixedness balance on the speed limit time is checked in the presence of both vacuum and finite temperature effects. The rate at which Holevo's information changes and the action quantum speed of evolution for specific cases of the phase covariant map are also investigated.
Regular Electric Field in Electromagnetic Coupled to a Scalar Field
Authors: Mazharimousavi S. Habib 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the framework of an electromagnetic field coupled nonminimally with a scalar field in flat spacetime, the existence of a non‐singular electric field is proved for a point electric charge or electric monopole. In analogy with the Maxwell‐dilaton system introduced by Gibbons and Wells, first, a Maxwell‐anti‐dilaton system is constructed where the radial electric field of a static electric monopole is coupled to an anti‐dilaton. The field equations are solved analytically for the electric and dilaton fields and observe the nonsingular electric field. Also, the self‐energy of the electric monopole is found to be finite. Furthermore, the formalism to a Maxwell‐scalar field is generalized where a mechanism is introduced upon which the coupled regular‐electric field and scalar field is obtained. The formalism shows that for a given regular electric field there are two supersymmetric coupling functions corresponding to a scalar and a phantom field.
Interactions of HCN with NO in pressurized oxy‐combustion
Authors: Lv Zhaomin , Rahman Zia ur , Wang Xuebin , Xiong Xiaohe , Tan Houzhang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe process of recycling flue gas to the boiler of a pressurized oxy‐combustion system could affect the final concentration of NOx, which is very important for an appropriate design of the carbon capture process. During the recycling process, HCN, as the main intermediate of the reburn reaction, may interact with NO significantly to determine the final NO emissions. The current study aims to assess the gas‐phase interactions of HCN and NO in a CO2 atmosphere, which is customary to pressurized oxy‐combustion conditions. A kinetic modeling study of the oxidation of HCN in the presence of NO has been performed under POC conditions and in the 973–1473 K temperature range. The influences of the stoichiometry, pressure, H2O concentration, and NO inlet concentration are analyzed. The results show that the HCN–NO interaction reduces both HCN and NO and that the interaction increases as pressure increases when the temperature is above 1073 K, whereas the opposite is found in low‐temperature regions. The effect of stoichiometric parameters also strongly depends on temperature but follows the opposite trend compared with the effect of pressure. These differences contribute to the suppressive effect on O2 decomposition and the positive effect on H2O decomposition at elevated pressures. An optimal temperature for NO reduction is shifted to lower temperature with increasing pressure and H2O concentration. The analysis of the total fixed nitrogen (TFN) indicates that for an actual boiler (5% O2), the temperature should be controlled at 1373, 1223, 1173, and 1173 K, respectively, as the pressure increases from 1 to 15 atm. Finally, a 21‐species and 69‐step reduced chemistry is developed and validated to accurately predict the interaction of HCN with NO at elevated pressures.