bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining Latitudinal Extent of Energetic Electron Precipitation Using MEPED On‐Board NOAA/POES
Authors: Babu E. M. , Tyssøy H. Nesse , Smith‐Johnsen C. , Maliniemi V. , Salice J. A. , Millan R. M. , Richardson I. G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnergetic Electron Precipitation (EEP) from the plasma sheet and the radiation belts ionizes the polar lower thermosphere and mesosphere. EEP increases the production of NOx and HOx, which will catalytically destroy ozone, an important element of atmospheric dynamics. Therefore, measurement of the latitudinal extent of the precipitation boundaries is important in quantifying the atmospheric effects of the Sun‐Earth interaction. This study uses measurements by the Medium Energy Proton Electron Detector (MEPED) of six NOAA/POES and EUMETSAT/METOP satellites from 2004 to 2014 to determine the latitudinal boundaries of EEP and their variability with geomagnetic activity and solar wind drivers. Variation of the boundaries for different electron energies and Magnetic Local Time (MLT) is studied. Regression analyses are applied to determine the best predictor variable based on solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices. The highest correlation was found for the pressure‐corrected Dst index when applying a linear regression model. A model of the equatorward EEP boundary is developed separately for three different energy channels, >43, >114, and >292 keV, and for 3 hour MLT sectors. For >43 keV EEP, 80% of the equatorward boundaries predicted by the model are within ±2.2° cgmlat. The model exhibits a solar cycle bias where it systematically exaggerates the equatorward movement of the EEP region during solar minimum. The highest accuracy of the model is found in periods dominated by corotating interaction regions/high speed solar wind streams. The result will be a key element for constructing a model of EEP variability to be applied in atmosphere climate models.
Tracking the Subsolar Bow Shock and Magnetopause
Authors: Sibeck D. G. , Silveira M. V. D. , Collier M. R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal magnetohydrodynamic models predict that plasma velocities vary almost linearly from 0 km s−1 at the nose of the stationary magnetopause on the stagnation streamline to a limiting value of 0.25 VSW for high solar wind Alfvénic Mach numbers at the nose of the bow shock, where VSW is the solar wind velocity. This paper presents a proof‐of‐concept study showing how two‐point measurements of the plasma velocity in the subsolar magnetosheath can be used to determine gradients in the plasma velocity and consequently the steady‐state or slowly moving locations of both the nose of the magnetopause and the nose of the bow shock. The results may be of use to those binning magnetosheath observations to develop empirical models, those testing models for magnetopause erosion or deposition in response to magnetic reconnection, and those determining the stand‐off distance of the bow shock as a function of solar wind conditions.
Distinct Dynamical and Structural Properties of Marine Stratocumulus and Shallow Cumulus Clouds in the Eastern North Atlantic
Authors: Jeong Jong‐Hoon , Witte Mikael K. , Glenn Ian B. , Smalley Mark , Lebsock Matthew D. , Lamer Katia , Zhu Zeen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLow‐level clouds in a marine environment are examined using multiple ground‐based instruments. We used Doppler radar and Doppler lidar measurements (a) to examine cloud properties including cloud base and top height and thickness and (b) to investigate vertical velocity (w) statistics throughout the subcloud and in‐cloud layers. Marine stratocumulus (Sc) and shallow cumulus (Cu) clouds have distinct properties in their horizontal and vertical extent. We also find that the two cloud types have different thermodynamic (coupled and decoupled conditions) and dynamical characteristics for the first four moments of the w distributions (mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis). We identify a strong dependence of subcloud mean w on near‐surface horizontal wind direction, implying that topographic effects exert a substantial impact on boundary layer dynamics and cloud properties at Graciosa Island. Our findings strongly suggest that care must be taken when interpreting island‐based observations as representative of a generic marine dynamical environment. This information also can be useful for guiding and constraining the future global model development using an observational data set.
Martian Atmospheric Thermal Structure and Dust Distribution During the MY 34 Global Dust Storm From ACS TIRVIM Nadir Observations
Authors: Vlasov P. , Ignatiev N. , Guerlet S. , Grassi D. , Korablev O. , Grigoriev А. , Shakun A. , Patsaev D. , Maslov I. , Zasova L. , Luginin M. , Trokhimovskiy A. , Millour E. , Forget F. , Haus R. , Arnold G. , Montmessin F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Thermal InfraRed channel in honor of professor Vassili Ivanovich Moroz (TIRVIM) of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite onboard ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter has continuously monitored the Martian atmosphere from 13 March 2018 until 2 December 2019, covering almost a complete Martian Year (MY). In the nadir mode of observations, infrared spectra obtained by TIRVIM in the spectral range 600–1,300 cm−1 permit retrievals of vertical temperature profiles from the surface up to 60 km of altitude, surface temperatures and column aerosol optical depths. Here we report the retrieved atmospheric thermal structure and the column dust content during the global dust storm (GDS) of MY 34 monitored from Ls = 182.2° to Ls = 211.8° (Solar Longitude), capturing the evolution of the GDS and the response of the atmospheric thermal structure to the changing dust loading. The global storm caused asymmetric atmosphere heating, predominantly in the southern hemisphere, and changed diurnal contrast of atmospheric thermal structure. We also observe a reduced diurnal contrast of surface temperatures at the peak of the GDS.
Fbxo22 promotes cervical cancer progression via targeting p57Kip2 for ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: Lin Min , Zhang Jianan , Bouamar Hakim , Wang Zhiwei , Sun Lu-Zhe , Zhu Xueqiong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractF-box only protein 22 (FBXO22) is a key subunit of the Skp1-Cullin 1-F-box protein (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Little is known regarding its biological function and underlying molecular mechanisms in regulating cervical cancer (CC) progression. In this study, we aim to explore the role and mechanism of FBXO22 in CC progression. The correlation between FBXO22 and clinicopathological characteristics of CC was analyzed by tissue microarray. MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, protein half-life, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination, and xenograft experiments were performed to assess the functions of FBXO22 and potential molecular mechanisms of FBXO22-mediated malignant progression in CC. The expression of FBXO22 protein in CC tissues was higher than that in adjacent non-tumor cervical tissues. Notably, high expression of FBXO22 was significantly associated with high histology grades, positive lymph node metastasis, and poor outcomes in CC patients. Functionally, ectopic expression of FBXO22 promoted cell viability in vitro and induced tumor growth in vivo, while knockdown of FBXO22 exhibited opposite effects. In addition, overexpression of FBXO22 promoted G1/S phase progression and inhibited apoptosis in CC cells. Mechanistically, FBXO22 physically interacted with the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57Kip2and subsequently mediated its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation leading to tumor progression. FBXO22 protein level was found negatively associated with p57Kip2protein levels in patient CC samples. FBXO22 promotes CC progression partly through regulating the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p57Kip2. Our study indicates that FBXO22 might be a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CC.
Silencing circFTO inhibits malignant phenotype through modulating DUSP4 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Chen , Zang Yiwen , Wu Siqi , Zhou Quan , Ou Yuxi , Ding Qiang , Wang Hao , Xiong Zuquan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most diagnosed malignancy in kidney. Studies on the role of circular RNAs in kidney cancer are increasing. In this study, we employed high throughput sequencing and tissue micro array to detect and verify one of the key circular RNAs, circFTO, in ccRCC. The effect of circFTO on the proliferation and invasiveness of ccRCC cells and the corresponding mechanism were studied both in vitro and in vivo via multiple methods. We confirmed that circFTO was up regulated in ccRCC and correlated with a more aggressive phenotype. The up regulated circFTO could sponge and block the function of miR-514b-3p, a reported tumor suppressor, and caused overexpression of DUSP4. DUSP4 was found to lead to KRAS/ERK pathway activation, increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibition of autophagy in ccRCC cells, which in the end boosted the proliferation and invasiveness of ccRCC. We thus concluded that circFTO/miR-514b-3p/DUSP4 axis may play an important role in ccRCC development and could be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
A new K+channel-independent mechanism is involved in the antioxidant effect of XE-991 in an in vitro model of glucose metabolism impairment: implications for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Piccirillo Silvia , Preziuso Alessandra , Amoroso Salvatore , Serfilippi Tiziano , Miceli Francesco , Magi Simona , Lariccia Vincenzo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that represents the first cause of dementia. Although there has been significant progress in AD research, the actual mechanisms underlying this pathology remain largely unknown. There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress, metabolic alterations, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key players in the development and worsening of AD. As a result, in the past few years, remarkable attempts have been made to develop neuroprotective strategies against the impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and cell redox status. In the present study, we reveal a novel antioxidant K+ channel-independent effect of the M-current inhibitor XE-991 in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with retinoic acid (RA) and primary rat cortical neurons exposed to the glycolysis inhibitor glyceraldehyde (GA). This experimental approach aimed to create a condition of hypometabolism accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance, as frequently observed in the beginning stage of the disease. We found that XE-991 exerted a neuroprotective action most likely through the resumption of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, which was significantly compromised during GA challenge. We also observed that the enhancement of SOD activity was accompanied by a sequence of positive effects; these included the reduction in basal Ca2+ levels within cytoplasmic and mitochondrial compartments, the decrease in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the modulation of AMPK/mTOR pathway, the recovery of ΔΨm collapse, the increase in the intracellular ATP content and the decrease in amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated form of tau protein (pTau) levels. Collectively, our study reveals an off-target antioxidant effect of XE-991 and paves the way toward the further evaluation of new therapeutic uses of already existing molecules to accelerate the process of developing an effective therapy to counteract AD.
How location and cellular signaling combine to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Akbal Anil , Dernst Alesja , Lovotti Marta , Mangan Matthew S. J. , McManus Róisín M. , Latz Eicke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is a cytosolic innate immune sensor of cellular stress signals, triggered by infection and sterile inflammation. Upon detection of an activating stimulus, NLRP3 transitions from an inactive homo-oligomeric multimer into an active multimeric inflammasome, which promotes the helical oligomeric assembly of the adaptor molecule ASC. ASC oligomers provide a platform for caspase-1 activation, leading to the proteolytic cleavage and activation of proinflammatory cytokines in the IL-1 family and gasdermin D, which can induce a lytic form of cell death. Recent studies investigating both the cellular requirement for NLRP3 activation and the structure of NLRP3 have revealed the complex regulation of NLRP3 and the multiple steps involved in its activation. This review presents a perspective on the biochemical and cellular processes controlling the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome with particular emphasis on structural regulation and the role of organelles. We also highlight the latest research on metabolic control of this inflammatory pathway and discuss promising clinical targets for intervention.
Enhanced oxygen evolution over dual corner-shared cobalt tetrahedra
Authors: Chen Yubo , Seo Joon Kyo , Sun Yuanmiao , Wynn Thomas A. , Olguin Marco , Zhang Minghao , Wang Jingxian , Xi Shibo , Du Yonghua , Yuan Kaidi , Chen Wei , Fisher Adrian C. , Wang Maoyu , Feng Zhenxing , Gracia Jose , Huang Li , Du Shixuan , Gao Hong-Jun , Meng Ying Shirley , Xu Zhichuan J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeveloping efficient catalysts is of paramount importance to oxygen evolution, a sluggish anodic reaction that provides essential electrons and protons for various electrochemical processes, such as hydrogen generation. Here, we report that the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be efficiently catalyzed by cobalt tetrahedra, which are stabilized over the surface of a Swedenborgite-type YBCo4O7 material. We reveal that the surface of YBaCo4O7 possesses strong resilience towards structural amorphization during OER, which originates from its distinctive structural evolution toward electrochemical oxidation. The bulk of YBaCo4O7 composes of corner-sharing only CoO4 tetrahedra, which can flexibly alter their positions to accommodate the insertion of interstitial oxygen ions and mediate the stress during the electrochemical oxidation. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the OER is efficiently catalyzed by a binuclear active site of dual corner-shared cobalt tetrahedra, which have a coordination number switching between 3 and 4 during the reaction. We expect that the reported active structural motif of dual corner-shared cobalt tetrahedra in this study could enable further development of compounds for catalyzing the OER.
An anti-inflammatory activation sequence governs macrophage transcriptional dynamics during tissue injury in zebrafish
Authors: Denans Nicolas , Tran Nhung T. T. , Swall Madeleine E. , Diaz Daniel C. , Blanck Jillian , Piotrowski Tatjana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMacrophages are essential for tissue repair and regeneration. Yet, the molecular programs, as well as the timing of their activation during and after tissue injury are poorly defined. Using a high spatio-temporal resolution single cell analysis of macrophages coupled with live imaging after sensory hair cell death in zebrafish, we find that the same population of macrophages transitions through a sequence of three major anti-inflammatory activation states. Macrophages first show a signature of glucocorticoid activation, then IL-10 signaling and finally the induction of oxidative phosphorylation by IL-4/Polyamine signaling. Importantly, loss-of-function of glucocorticoid and IL-10 signaling shows that each step of the sequence is independently activated. Lastly, we show that IL-10 and IL-4 signaling act synergistically to promote synaptogenesis between hair cells and efferent neurons during regeneration. Our results show that macrophages, in addition to a switch from M1 to M2, sequentially and independently transition though three anti-inflammatory pathways in vivo during tissue injury in a regenerating organ.
OH spectator at IrMo intermetallic narrowing activity gap between alkaline and acidic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Jiaxi , Zhang Longhai , Liu Jiamin , Zhong Chengzhi , Tu Yuanhua , Li Peng , Du Li , Chen Shengli , Cui Zhiming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction in base has resulted in large activity gap between acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Here, we present an intermetallic IrMo electrocatalyst supported on carbon nanotubes that exhibits a specific activity of 0.95 mA cm−2 at the overpotential of 15 mV, which is 14.4 and 9.5 times of those for Ir/C and Pt/C, respectively. More importantly, its activities in base are fairly close to that in acidic electrolyte and the activity gap between acidic and alkaline media is only one fourth of that for Ir/C. DFT calculations reveal that the stably-adsorbed OH spectator at Mo site of IrMo can stabilize the water dissociation product, resulting in a thermodynamically favorable water dissociation process. Beyond offering an advanced electrocatalyst, this work provides a guidance to rationally design the desirable HER electrocatalysts for alkaline water splitting by the stably-adsorbed OH spectator.
Photoinduced loading of electron-rich Cu single atoms by moderate coordination for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Fu Weiwei , Wan Jin , Zhang Huijuan , Li Jian , Chen Weigen , Li Yuke , Guo Zaiping , Wang Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSingle-atom catalysts offer maximal atom utilization efficiencies and high-electronegativity heteroatoms play a crucial role in coordinating reactive single metal atoms to prevent agglomeration. However, these strong coordination bonds withdraw electron density for coordinated metal atoms and consequently affect their catalytic activity. Herein we reveal the high loading (11.3 wt%) and stabilization of moderately coordinated Cu-P3 structure on black phosphorus support by a photochemical strategy with auxiliary hydrogen. Single-atom Cu sites with an exceptional electron-rich feature show the $$\triangle {G}_{{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}*}$$
△

G

H
*

close to zero to favor catalysis. Neighboring Cu atoms work in synergy to lower the energy of key water adsorption and dissociation intermediates. The reported catalyst shows a low overpotential of only 41 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 53.4 mV dec−1 for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction, surpassing both isolated Cu single atoms and Cu nanoclusters. The promising materials design strategy sheds light on the design and fabrication of high-loading single metal atoms and the role of neighboring single atoms for enhanced reaction kinetics.
Collaborative variable neighborhood search for multi-objective distributed scheduling in two-stage hybrid flow shop with sequence-dependent setup times
Authors: Cai Jingcao , Lu Shejie , Cheng Jun , Wang Lei , Gao Yin , Tan Tielong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDistributed scheduling is seldom investigated in hybrid flow shops. In this study, distributed two-stage hybrid flow shop scheduling problem (DTHFSP) with sequence-dependent setup times is considered. A collaborative variable neighborhood search (CVNS) is proposed to simultaneously minimize total tardiness and makespan. DTHFSP is simplified by incorporating factory assignment into machine assignment of a prefixed stage, and its solution is newly represented with a machine assignment string and a scheduling string. CVNS consists of two cooperated variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithms, and neighborhood structures and global search have collaborated in each VNS. Eight neighborhood structures and two global search operators are defined to produce new solutions. The current solution is periodically replaced with a member of the archive farthest from it. Experiments are conducted , and the computational results validate that CVNS has good advantages over the considered DTHFSP.
A computational study of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as potential nanostructures to combat SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Dahri Mohammad , Sadeghi Mohammad Moein , Abolmaali Samira Sadat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has a critical surface protein called spike protein (S protein), which is the target of many vaccines and drugs developments. Among non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, main protease (Mpro) has drawn much attention to itself for designing antiviral drugs since it is very crucial for the virus replication in host cells. In the first part of the present study, the application of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), one of the developing nanomaterials in the deformation and consequently inhibition of S protein binding to the receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), is investigated. In this line, various S protein inhibitors were designed virtually, including ZIF, UIO, and IRMOF that their interactions with S protein and were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results revealed that ZIF is the best candidate among the investigated MOFs with the least amount of energy interference with S protein. In the second part, the interaction of three-dimensional (3D) MOFs (such as ZIF, IRMOF, and HKUST) with SARS-CoV-2 Mprowas investigated. HKUST had the most potent interaction with Mproand showed more promise in deforming this protein's secondary structure among all materials tested. Furthermore, we investigated the interaction of HKUST-OH with Mproto determine the effect of functionalization. The findings of this study could be used in future studies to introduce bioconjugates of MOFs and biological molecules (e.g., antibody or nanobody) or to use MOFs as carriers for antiviral drug delivery.
Multilayer network analysis of FMD transmission and containment among beef cattle farms
Authors: Yi Chunlin , Yang Qihui , Scoglio Caterina M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a highly contagious livestock viral disease, foot-and-mouth disease poses a great threat to the beef-cattle industry. Direct animal movement is always considered as a major route for between-farm transmission of FMD virus. Sharing contaminated equipment and vehicles have also attracted increasing interests as an indirect but considerable route for FMD virus transmission. With the rapid development of communication technologies, information-sharing techniques have been used to control epidemics. In this paper, we built farm-level time-series three-layer networks to simulate the between-farm FMD virus transmission in southwest Kansas by cattle movements (direct-contact layer) and truck visits (indirect-contact layer) and evaluate the impact of information-sharing techniques (information-sharing layer) on mitigating the epidemic. Here, the information-sharing network is defined as the structure that enables the quarantine of farms that are connected with infected farms. When a farm is infected, its infection status is shared with the neighboring farms in the information-sharing network, which in turn become quarantined. The results show that truck visits can enlarge the epidemic size and prolong the epidemic duration of the FMD outbreak by cattle movements, and that the information-sharing technique is able to mitigate the epidemic. The mitigation effect of the information-sharing network varies with the information-sharing network topology and different participation levels. In general, an increased participation leads to a decreased epidemic size and an increased quarantine size. We compared the mitigation performance of three different information-sharing networks (random network, contact-based network, and distance-based network) and found the outbreak on the network with contact-based information-sharing layer has the smallest epidemic size under almost any participation level and smallest quarantine size with high participation. Furthermore, we explored the potential economic loss from the infection and the quarantine. By varying the ratio of the average loss of quarantine to the loss of infection, we found high participation results in reduced economic losses under the realistic assumption that culling costs are much greater than quarantine costs.