bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyroptosis-Related Signatures for Predicting Prognosis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ren Tong , Guo Xuhui , Zhang Jingyang , Liu Zhenzhen 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundFemale breast cancer (BC) has become the most common cancer in the world, and its mortality was considerably higher in transitioning vs. transitioned countries. Pyroptosis, an inflammation-dependent programmed cell death mediated by inflammasomes, has been observed in human colorectal tumors and gliomas. However, the characteristics of pyrolysis-related genes and their influence and mechanism on the tumorigenesis and progress of BC were unknown.MethodsBased on the global public database, we used comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to systematically analyze the expression of pyroptosis-related genes in BC and their relationship in tumor progression. In addition, BC patients were divided into two groups, and the clinical features and outcomes could be better predicted by the consistent clustering of pyroptosis-related genes. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was used to establish a risk score. Then, we further explored the prognostic value and clinical features of pyroptosis genes. Finally, we used the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) platform to identify the expression at protein levels of the key genes.ResultsWe confirmed that the expression of pyroptosis-related genes was different in BC and normal breast tissues. A high frequency of somatic mutations occurred in BC. In addition, 33 pyroptosis-related proteins interacted frequently. Based on univariate analysis and the LASSO Cox model, five pyroptosis-related genes [including GADMA, interleukin-6 (IL-6), NLR pyrin domain-containing protein 6 (NLRP6), caspase-1 (CASP1), and caspase-9 (CASP9)], were obtained to calculate a risk score. The risk score was identified as an independent risk factor for the prognosis of BC and might play an auxiliary role in clinical classification. The HPA platform confirmed that the expression trends of the key genes were consistent with our previous studies.ConclusionPyroptosis had an important effect on the progression of BC. And the pyroptosis-related genes could be used as new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for BC.
Wound Irrigation Using Wet Gauze May Reduce Surgical Site Infection Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy
Authors: Al-Sawat Abdullah , Mun Ji Yeon , Yoon Sung Hoon , Lee Chul Seung 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes of wet gauze and conventional irrigation after laparoscopic appendectomy to determine whether wet gauze irrigation can help reduce surgical site infection (SSI).MethodsA total of 308 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy were included in this study between December 2018 and May 2020. Of these, 132 (42.9%) received gauze irrigation (group 1), and 176 patients (57.1%) received conventional irrigation (group 2). Pre-operative outcomes and complications, including SSI, were compared after propensity score matching (PSM) to adjust for baseline differences and selection bias.ResultsAfter 1:1 PSM, 92 well-matched patients in each group were evaluated. Regarding perioperative outcomes between groups 1 and 2, the rate of severe complications (Clavien-Dindo Classification grades III, IV, and V), operative time, and readmission rate did not differ between the groups. Superficial/deep SSIs were observed more frequently in group 2 (8/92 cases) than in group 1 (1/92 cases; p = 0.017). The organ/space SSIs rate was not significantly different between the two groups (1/92 group 1 and 0/92 group 2, p = 0.316). However, post-operative hospital stay was significantly longer in group 2 (2.8 ± 1.3 days) than in group 1 (1.6 ± 1.2 days; p &lt; 0.001). In the univariate analyses, wound irrigation using wet gauze was an independent protective factor for superficial or deep SSI (p = 0.044).ConclusionsWound irrigation using wet gauze after fascia closure has a significant beneficial effect on reducing post-operative superficial/deep SSI following laparoscopic appendectomy.
Efficacy and Safety of Sphincter-Preserving Surgery in the Treatment of Complex Anal Fistula: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huang Hua , Ji Lijiang , Gu Yunfei , Li Youran , Xu Shanshan 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThere are many surgical methods of sphincter preservation in treating complex anal fistula, but the therapeutic effects of each operation are different. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the impact of other treatment methods through a network meta-analysis to evaluate the best sphincter preservation method for treating complex anal fistula.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP Journal Database, and the Wanfang Database to collate randomized controlled trials on sphincter-preserving surgery for complex anal fistula.ResultsA total of 29 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The cure rates showed no statistically significant differences between any two interventions (P &gt; 0.05). The recurrence rate results showed that the rate of patients after Fistulectomy was higher than others (P &lt; 0.05). The incidence rate of complications showed that the incidence rate after fistulectomy treatment was higher than that of others (P &lt; 0.05). The surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) was used to arrange their advantages and disadvantages, and a larger SUCRA value indicates that the intervention may be more effective. The results showed that TROPIS may have the highest cure rate (SUCRA = 78.6%), stem cell transplantation (SCT) may have the lowest recurrence rate (SUCRA = 85.5%), and imLIFT may have the least complications (SUCRA = 88.2%).ConclusionAccording to the existing literature data, for patients with complex anal fistula, TROPIS may be the surgical method with the highest cure rate, SCT may be the treatment method with the lowest recurrence rate, and imLIFT may be the surgical method with the lowest incidence of postoperative complications.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020221907.
Increasing Medical Student Exposure to Neurosurgery: The Educational Value of Special Study Modules, Student Selected Components, and Other Undergraduate Student Projects
Authors: Tiefenbach Jakov , Kaliaperumal Chandrasekaran , Demetriades Andreas K. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesNeurosurgery is a tertiary specialty, and exposure to medical students limited. One way to increase engagement and offer experience in neurosurgery is through Student Selected Components (SSC), Special Study Modules (SSM), or independent projects. Our aim was to assess the educational value of such projects and evaluate their effectiveness in exposing students to the field.MethodsA survey was designed and distributed to Edinburgh University medical students and alumni who completed a neurosurgical project within the last 5 years. The survey was anonymous and collected responses over a fortnight. The results were analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2020 Software.ResultsTwenty-four respondents completed the survey −42% were students and 58% junior doctors. Respondents overwhelmingly enjoyed their project (96%) and reported increased interest in neurosurgery (62%). The project helped improve their knowledge of neurosurgical procedures, pathologies, and/or clinical presentations and allowed connections with the local department. On a Likert scale, 37% felt they gained a good insight into the field. Only 33% felt the project was a good “taster” for the specialty. This is reasonable given that 92% of projects focused on data analysis, and none were designed as clinical attachments. A large number of students had their work published (50%) and presented at conferences (55%).ConclusionLack of exposure to neurosurgery at medical school is a known limitation within a busy curriculum. Selected Components/Special Study Modules/independent projects help students learn about certain aspects of neurosurgery and raise their level of interest. A majority of participants either achieved presentation at conferences or published their work. However, our results suggest neurosurgical projects complement but do not replace traditional clinical attachments in providing insight into the craft of this specialty.
Placental Macrophages Following Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Relation to Placental Pathology
Authors: Sharps Megan C. , Garrod Ainslie , Aneni Emmanuel , Jones Carolyn J. P. , Batra Gauri , Heazell Alexander E. P. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn December 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified. Whilst pregnant women appear to be at risk of severe infection, pre-term birth, and stillbirth, it is unclear whether placental dysfunction is a consistent feature of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. We aim to describe the immune response in placentas of women who had COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and investigate whether there are any associated morphological changes.MethodsThe placentas of women testing positive for COVID-19 during their pregnancy were compared to contemporaneous controls who were not known to have had COVID-19 during pregnancy. Samples of each placenta were sent for histopathological analysis or underwent immunohistochemical staining for CD163, CD20, CD3, CD31, and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. A subset of samples were sent for transmission electron microscopy.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the number of CD163+ macrophages in the Post COVID group (p = 0.0020). There was no difference in the percentage of CD3+, CD20+ cells, but there was an increase in placental vascularity in the Post COVID group compared to controls (p = 0.026).There were no structural differences observed between the samples sent for EM analysis. However, one of the placentas from the Post COVID group was seen to have several large sub-apical vacuoles in the syncytiotrophoblast. We did not observe any virions within the vacuoles and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein staining was negative for the sample. Histopathological investigations indicated that there was no specific placental pathology caused by maternal COVID-19 infection in this cohort of samples.ConclusionsThis study did not confirm previous studies which describe a possible increase in cases of both maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion, and placentitis in women who had COVID-19, which were seen in association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. It remains unclear whether observed abnormalities are caused by maternal infection, or whether maternal infection exacerbates existing placental pathology; understanding why some placentas generate these abnormalities is a key goal.
Method of Medical Prevention of Massive Blood Loss During Delivery of Women with Abnormally Invasive Placenta
Authors: Курлович И.В. , Гошкевич Е.А. , Ващилина Т.П. , Сушкова О.С. 
Published: February 2022

В статье описан метод медицинской профилактики массивной кровопотери при родоразрешении женщин с приращением плаценты. Сформулированы основные положения и рекомендации по ведению и родоразрешению беременных с указанным осложнением. Представлен междисциплинарный подход к оказанию медицинской помощи. Определены срок и условия родоразрешения, необходимость дородовой госпитализации, профилактика и лечение анемии во время беременности, предоперационная подготовка, тип разреза на коже, место рассечения матки, применение рентгенэндоваскулярных и хирургических кровосберегающих технологий, условия выполнения реконструктивно-пластической органосохраняющей операции или гистерэктомии, интраоперационные и послеоперационные осложнения.
The article describes a method of medical prevention of massive blood loss during delivery of women with abnormally invasive placenta. The main provisions and recommendations for the management and delivery of pregnant women with this complication are formulated. An interdisciplinary approach to the provision of medical care is presented. The terms and conditions of delivery, the need for prenatal hospitalization, the prevention and treatment of anemia during pregnancy, preoperative preparation, the type of incision on the skin, the site of uterine dissection, the use of X-ray endovascular and surgical blood-saving technologies, the conditions for performing reconstructive-plastic organ-preserving surgery or hysterectomy, intraoperative and postoperative complications.
Retest Reliability and Ecological Validity of the Scale of Attitudes in the Field of Healthcare
Authors: Карпинский К.В. , Бойко С.Л. 
Published: February 2022

Представлены результаты валидизации опросника «Шкала аттитюдов в области здравоохранения», предназначенного для измерения оценочных отношений испытуемого к различным субъектам, объектам и явлениям в сфере здравоохранения, на материалах белорусских популяционных выборок суммарной численностью 835 человек, в том числе в период распространения инфекции COVID-19. Опросник позволяет диагностировать индивидуальную выраженность антилекарственного, рентного, стоического, антиэлитарного, антибюрократического, деонтологического аттитюда, а также аттитюда возрастной дискриминации и фаворитизма в отношении врача. В ходе психометрической проверки опросника подтверждены его экологическая валидность, консистентная и ретестовая надежность. Представленная методика может использоваться в психодиагностических обследованиях и научных (психологических и медико-социологических) исследованиях, объектом которых выступает человек как субъект отношений с работниками и организациями здравоохранения по поводу здоровья, болезни и медицинской помощи.
There are presented the results of validation of the questionnaire “Scale of attitudes in healthcare” developed to measure the evaluation of the relationship of the subject to different subjects, objects, and phenomena in the field of health, based on the materials of the Belarusian population samples of total number of 835 people, including in the period of the infection COVID-19. The questionnaire lets to diagnose the individual severity of anti-drug, rent, stoic, anti-elitist, anti- bureaucratic, deontological attitudes, as well as the attitudes of age discrimination and favoritism towards the doctor. During the psychometric verification of the questionnaire, its environmental validity, consistency and retest reliability were confirmed. The presented method can be used in psychodiagnostic examinations and scientific (psychological and medical-sociological) studies, theobject of which is a person as a subject of relations with health care professionals and organizations on the issues of health, illness and medical care.
Biological Markers Affecting the Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacotherapy in Schizophrenia. Review
Authors: Голубева Т.С. , Докукина Т.В. , Объедков В.Г. , Гилеп А.А. , Гайдукевич И.В. , Башко Н.П. , Бокуть О.С. , Мороз А.В. 
Published: February 2022

В обзоре литературы приведены данные о биологических маркерах, влияющих на эффективность и безопасность применения психотропных лекарственных средств при шизофрении. Оценка совокупности данных о наличии в генотипе пациента полиморфизмов генов изоферментов системы цитохрома Р450, транспортного белка Р-гликопротеина, молекул – мишеней психотропных лекарственных средств и функционально связанных с ними белков, а также данных о «метаболическом фенотипе» пациента может быть полезна при выборе тактики лечения.
The literature review provides data on biological markers that affect the efficacy and safety of psychotropic drugs in schizophrenia. Assessment of the data on the presence of polymorphisms of genes of isoenzymes of the cytochrome P450 system, P-glycoprotein transport protein, target molecules of psychotropic drugs, and proteins functionally associated with them in the patient’s genotype, as well as the data on the patient’s “metabolic phenotype” can be useful in choosing the tactics of treatment.
Life Span Prediction in Elderly Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Писарук А.В. , Асанов Э.О. , Войнаровская Г.П. , Шаповаленко И.С. , Дыба И.А. 
Published: February 2022

Цель. Разработка метода прогнозирования продолжительности жизни пациентов пожилого возраста с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) с помощью искусственной нейронной сети. Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных обследований 382 пациентов с ИБС в возрасте 60-80 лет, находившихся на стационарном лечении в ГУ «Институт геронтологии им. Д.Ф. Чеботарева НАМН Украины» в 1997-2014 гг. и умерших вследствие кардиоваскулярных причин. Анализировались данные об образе жизни, вредных привычках, сопутствующих заболеваниях, поле, а также возрасте пациентов на момент обследования. Для прогнозирования длительности жизни использована искусственная нейронная сеть MLP, обученная на массиве данных о пациентах. Результаты. По данным ANOVA, на продолжительность жизни достоверно влияют такие факторы, как пол, возраст на момент обследования, курение, характер труда, флуктуации артериального давления, наличие гипертонической болезни. Стандартная ошибка прогнозирования продолжительности жизни с помощью искусственной нейронной сети составила 4,38 года, а средняя абсолютная ошибка - 3,3 года. Выводы. Использование нейронной сети позволяет с высокой точностью прогнозировать продолжительность жизни пациентов с ИБС пожилого возраста. Наиболее информативными показателями для прогнозирования продолжительности жизни у пациентов с ИБС пожилого возраста с помощью нейронной сети являются курение, характер труда и пол.
Purpose. Development of a method of life span prediction in elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) using an artificial neural network. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of data from examinations of 382 patients with CAD of 60-80 years old hospitalized at the State Institution “Institute of Gerontology named after D.F. Chebotaryov of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” in 1997-2014, who died due to cardiovascular causes, was conducted. The data on lifestyle, pernicious habits and comorbidities of the patients were analyzed. To predict the life span an artificial neural network MLP taught on the data of patients was used. Results. The ANOVA data showed that the life span is significantly affected by such factors as gender, age at examination, smoking, nature of work, blood pressure fluctuations, and hypertension presence. The standard error in life span prediction using an artificial neural network was 4.38 years, and the mean absolute error was 3.3 years. Conclusions. The neural network lets to predict the life span of patients with CAD with high accuracy. The most informative indicators for life span prediction in patients with CAD by neural network are smoking, nature of work, and gender.
Expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 in Healthy Oral Mucosa
Authors: Казеко Л.А. , Захарова В.А. , Субботко И.Л. , Бенеш Ю.Д. 
Published: February 2022

Цель. Оценить характер экспрессии тканевого ингибитора матриксных металлопротеиназ-2 (ТИМП-2) в биоптатах здоровой слизистой оболочки полости рта.Материалы и методы. Забор биопсийного материала был выполнен у 30 пациентов. Биоптаты здоровой слизистой оболочки были получены во время дентальной имплантации.Результаты. Эпителиальная и стромальная экспрессия ТИМП-2 наблюдалась во всех проанализированных случаях. Умеренная экспрессия преобладала в эпителии, низкая экспрессия – в строме.Заключение. Здоровая слизистая оболочка полости рта характеризуется низкой и умеренной экспрессией ТИМП-2.
Purpose. To evaluate features of the expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) in biopsies of healthy oral mucosa.Methods. Sampling of biopsy material was performed in 30 patients. Biopsies of healthy oral mucosa were obtained during the dental implantation procedure.Results. Epithelial and stromal expression of TIMP-2 was observed in all analyzed cases. Moderate expression prevailed in the epithelium, low expression in the stroma.Conclusion. Healthy oral mucosa is characterized by low and moderate expression of TIMP-2.
Features of Mechanical Treatment of Root Canals with Rotating Tool Systems S-Profile
Authors: Данилова Д.В. , Зиновенко О.Г. , Новак Н.В. , Федоринчик О.В. , Цикра Н.В. 
Published: February 2022

Обзорная статья посвящена проблеме выбора оптимальных вращающихся инструментов для механической обработки корневых каналов. В статье описаны представители файлов с s-образным поперечным сечением. Такой дизайн рабочей части обеспечивает инструментам хорошую режущую эффективность, уменьшенную силу трения, способность выводить дентинные опилки в апикальном направлении. Однако системы файлов с s-образным поперечным сечением, выпущенные разными производителями, существенно отличаются друг от друга. Для более ранних версий вращающихся инструментов s-стиля характерны линейки, состоящие из 4–5 инструментов, что обуславливает многоступенчатый подход к обработке корневых каналов. Современные вращающиеся инструменты, базовые комплекты которых состоят в среднем из 3 файлов, позволяют производить манипуляции 2–3 инструментами. Кроме того, улучшенные механические свойства благодаря специальной термической обработке никельтитанового сплава позволяют применять данные файлы многократно, а также в каналах со сложной анатомией. Преобладающая 04-конусность данных инструментов соответствует принципам рационального препарирования корневого канала и биологической целесообразности.
The review article is devoted to the problem of choosing the optimal rotating instruments for mechanical processing of root canals. The article describes representatives of files with an s-shaped cross-section. This design of the working part provides the instruments with good cutting efficiency, reduced friction force, and the ability to remove dentin chips in the apical direction. However, s-shaped file systems from different manufacturers differ significantly from each other. Earlier versions of the s-style rotary instruments feature a ruler of 4 to 5 instruments, resulting in a multi- step approach to root canal treatment. Modern rotating instruments, the basic sets of which consist, on average, of 3 files, allow manipulation of 2–3 instruments. In addition, the improved mechanicalproperties, due to the special heat treatment of the nickel-titanium alloy, make it possible to use these files multiple times, as well as in canals with complex anatomy. The predominant 04 taper of these instruments corresponds to the principles of rational root canal preparation and biological expediency.