bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of Longmu Tang granule for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: study protocol for a single-centred, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Li Ya-qin , Shen Tao-tao , Wang Qing-ying , Ma Meng-xi , Tian Feng-yan , She Yuan-yao , Tao Yi-cheng , Wang Jing-jing , Chi Hui-yan , Lang Na , Ren Jian-xun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing skin disease that has long-term physical and mental health impacts on children with this condition. Current treatments mainly include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-allergic interventions, systemic therapy, and recently emerging target-focused agents. However, these treatments have limited effectiveness and unwanted side effects. The use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of AD has a long history, with promising efficacies, low toxicity, and improvements in the quality of life of patients with AD. Longmu Tang granule, a TCM, has been used to effectively treat AD since 2008 through doctors’ prescriptions. To scientifically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Longmu Tang granule, we proposed to launch a single-centred, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Methods
In this single-centred, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted at Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, a total of 60 participants will be randomly assigned (1:1) to receive the Longmu Tang granule or placebo granule for 8 weeks. The primary outcome will be evaluated using the index of Scoring Atopic Dermatitis. The secondary outcomes will be evaluated using the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index and the number cancellation test. The mechanistic evidence will be the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including immunoglobulin E, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6.

Discussion
The results of this trial will provide evidence of the efficacy and safety of the Longmu Tang granule and prove its anti-inflammatory action in patients with AD.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Chictr.org ID: ChiCTR2100041591. Registered on 1 January 2021
Dipylidium caninum in the twenty-first century: epidemiological studies and reported cases in companion animals and humans
Authors: Rousseau Julieta , Castro Andry , Novo Teresa , Maia Carla 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Dipilidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum. Fleas and, less frequently, lice act as an intermediate host, and their ingestion is required for infection to occur. While the disease mainly affects domestic and wild carnivores, it is also considered a zoonotic disease, with most human cases reported in children. Dipylidium caninum is considered to be the most common tapeworm infesting companion animals, but dipilidosis in humans is rare. The aims of this review were to improve current understanding of the epidemiology of this parasitosis and its management by the medical and veterinary community.

Methods
A comprehensive review of the published literature during the last 21 years (2000–2021) on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures of D. caninum infection and dipilidiosis in companion animals and humans was conducted.

Results
Using predefined eligibility criteria for a search of the published literature, we retrieved and screened 280 publications. Of these, 161 (141 epidemiological studies, 20 case reports [16 human cases]) were considered for inclusion in this review. This parasitosis is present worldwide; however, despite being the most frequent cestode infection in animals, it is often underdiagnosed using common coprological techniques. Its diagnosis in humans has also proved challenging, being frequently confused with pinworm infection, leading to inappropriate treatment and to the persistence of the disease over time. Prevention measures include control of ectoparasites in animals and the environment, as well as regular deworming of animals, most commonly with praziquantel.

Conclusions
The diagnosis of dipilidiosis remains challenging in both animals and humans, primarily due to the low sensitivity of the diagnostic methods currently available and a lack of knowledge of the morphological characteristics of the parasite. Although treatment with the appropriate anti-cestode compounds is well tolerated and results in resolution of the infection, indiscriminate use of these compounds may predispose to an increase in resistance. Given the worldwide distribution of this parasite, it is essential to act on several fronts, with a focus on health education for children and animal owners and the control of intermediate hosts, both in animals and in the surrounding environment.

Graphical Abstract
Eight tips for the implementation of the first licenced peanut allergy oral immunotherapy into clinical practice
Authors: Portnoy Jay , Ciaccio Christina E. , Beausoleil Janet , Du Toit George , Fineman Stanley , Tilles Stephen A. , Zhang June , Lawrence Claire , Yassine Mohamed , Mustafa S Shahzad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Shared learnings from the early use of novel therapies can aid in their optimization. The recent introduction of peanut oral immunotherapy (peanut OIT; Palforzia [Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Allergen Powder-dnfp]) for peanut allergy addresses a significant unmet need but also highlights the requirement for consideration of several factors by both prescribers and patients.

Objective
To provide guidance for prescribers of licenced peanut OIT to facilitate treatment delivery and improve outcomes.

Methods
Clinicians with experience of licenced peanut OIT (United States n = 6, United Kingdom n = 1) participated in a series of interviews and group discussions designed to elicit tips for successful implementation.

Results
Clinicians identified 8 tips that were considered the most relevant, practical, and impactful for prescribers of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Allergen Powder-dnfp: (1) preparing to provide treatment, (2) assessing the medical indication for treatment and (3) shared decision making, (4) staff education, (5) establishing office processes, (6) managing patient expectations and using anticipatory guidance, (7) optimising adherence and (8) maintaining flexibility throughout the treatment process. In addition, a range of supporting materials (e.g., checklists and action plans) are provided.

Conclusion
The introduction of a novel therapy often requires healthcare providers to modify or adopt practices to effectively employ the treatment. The provision of guidance based upon early real-world experiences of licenced peanut OIT may help inform clinical practice and improve treatment outcomes.
Overlapping anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a case report
Authors: Pan Jialin , Ovlyakulov Begench , Zhou Lili 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis can coexist with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Patients with overlapping anti-NMDAR encephalitis with positive NMDAR antibodies and aquaporin 4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-seropositive NMOSD are rare but should not be ignored.

Case presentation
This report describes a unique case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis coexisting with NMOSD. A 27-year-old male presented with blurred vision, cognitive impairment, psychosis, dysphagia, gait instability and urinary incontinence. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed abnormal signals in the right cerebellar hemisphere, temporal lobe, and corpus callosum. NMDAR antibodies were positive in the CSF. AQP4-IgG antibodies were positive in the serum. The patient's condition was stable following intravenous gamma globulin, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and symptomatic treatments.

Conclusions
This case provides further evidence for the occurrence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis overlapping NMOSD with AQP4-IgG-seropositive in a Chinese patient. However, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of double-positive antibodies remain elusive.
An improved algorithm for superresolution reconstruction of ancient murals with a generative adversarial network based on asymmetric pyramid modules
Authors: Ma Shang , Cao Jianfang , Li Zhaoxia , Chen Zeyu , Hu Xiaohui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ancient Chinese murals are true portrayals of ancient Chinese life, but well-preserved murals are rare. Therefore, ancient mural preservation and repair are critical. To address the poor superresolution reconstruction of mural images with unclear textures and fuzzy details, we developed an improved generative adversarial network (GAN) algorithm based on asymmetric pyramid modules for ancient mural superresolution reconstruction. Asymmetric pyramid modules, which are composed of a series of dense compression units, were used to learn image features. To analyze the reconstructed image features, a perceptual loss function was integrated to optimize the model performance. The use of the improved algorithm for low-resolution mural images increased the image resolution while preserving their original feature details and textures, and the improvement effect was visually observed in terms of indices such as the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity. Compared with other superresolution-related algorithms, the proposed model increased the peak signal-to-noise ratio by 0.20–6.66 dB. The GAN-based mural superresolution reconstruction algorithm proposed in this study effectively improved the performance of reconstructed high-resolution mural images, which increases the significance of the reconstructed image for future research.
Scat piling and strong frugivory of the Balearic lizard, Podarcis lilfordi (Günther, 1874)
Authors: Pérez-Cembranos Ana , Pérez-Mellado Valentín 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In lacertid lizards from Mediterranean islands, frugivory is common, particularly under prey scarcity, a characteristic of small islands. In several populations, the diet of the Balearic lizard, Podarcis lilfordi, is extremely variable and includes fleshy fruits. However, frugivory is sporadic and there are very few examples of dominant fruit consumption.

Results
We describe the existence of an extraordinary fruit consumption of a single plant species, the juniper, Juniperus phoenicea, by the Balearic lizard, P. lilfordi. In addition, for the first time in Lacertidae, we describe the existence of scat piling in the population of these lizards inhabiting Cabrera Island (Balearic Islands, Spain). Scat piling was detected in an isolated location with hundreds of scats deposited by several individuals at a particular place.

Conclusions
The high population density of lizards at the island of Cabrera and the great versatility of foraging behavior of this species allows us to hypothesize that scat piles could act as an attractor for numerous individuals, that is, as inadvertent social information. If that hypothesis is correct, it would result in the concentration of several individuals foraging on a single or a few ripening plants. We cannot, however, rule out that individuals concentrated due to the scarcity of ripening plants in other areas, without any influence of the presence of several lizards, as attractors to the site. Our findings modify previous descriptions of the diet of the Balearic lizard in Cabrera made with smaller samples. In some places and periods of the year, frugivory on a single plant species can be extremely intense and only large sample sizes of scats allow to find these particular trends in the foraging ecology of insular lizards.
Copper-mediated DNA damage caused by purpurin, a natural anthraquinone
Authors: Kobayashi Hatasu , Mori Yurie , Iwasa Ryo , Hirao Yuichiro , Kato Shinya , Kawanishi Shosuke , Murata Mariko , Oikawa Shinji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Purpurin (1,2,4-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone), a natural red anthraquinone pigment, has historically been used as a textile dye. However, purpurin induced urinary bladder tumors in rats, and displayed a mutagenic activity in assay using bacteria and mammalian cells. Many carcinogenic dyes are known to induce bladder cancers via DNA adduct formation, but carcinogenic mechanisms of purpurin remain unknown. In this study, to clarify the mechanism underlying carcinogenicity of purpurin, copper-mediated DNA damage induced by purpurin was examined using 32P-labeled DNA fragments of human genes relevant to cancer. Furthermore, we also measured 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), an indicator of oxidative DNA damage, in calf thymus DNA.

Results
Purpurin plus Cu(II) cleaved 32P-labeled DNA fragments only under piperidine treatment, indicating that purpurin caused base modification, but not breakage of the DNA backbone. In the absence of Cu(II), purpurin did not induce DNA cleavage even with piperidine treatment. Purpurin plus Cu(II) caused piperidine-labile sites predominantly at G and some T residues. Bathocuproine, a Cu(I) chelator, completely prevented the occurrence of piperidine-labile sites, indicating a critical role of Cu(I) in piperidine-labile sites induced by purpurin plus Cu(II). On the other hand, methional, a scavenger of a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and catalase showed limited inhibitory effects on the induction of piperidine-labile sites, suggesting that ROS could not be major mediators of the purpurin-induced DNA damage. Considering reported DNA adduct formation by quinone metabolites of several carcinogenic agents, quinone form of purpurin, which is possibly generated via purpurin autoxidation accompanied by Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox cycle, might lead to DNA adducts and piperidine-labile sites. In addition, we measured contents of 8-oxodG. Purpurin moderately but significantly increased 8-oxodG in calf thymus DNA in the presence of Cu(II). The 8-oxodG formation was inhibited by catalase, methional and bathocuproine, suggesting that Cu(I)-hydroperoxide, which was generated via Cu(I) and H2O2, caused oxidative DNA base damage.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that purpurin induces DNA base damage possibly mediated by Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox cycle both with and without ROS generation, which are likely to play an important role in its carcinogenicity.
Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Osteoporosis and Fragility Fractures
Authors: Ciuffi Simone , Marini Francesca , Fossi Caterina , Donati Simone , Giusti Francesca , Botta Annalisa , Masi Laura , Isaia Giancarlo , Marcocci Claudio , Migliaccio Silvia , Minisola Salvatore , Nuti Ranuccio , Tarantino Umberto , Iantomasi Teresa , Brandi Maria Luisa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context
Measurement of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers of fragility fracture risk has recently become a subject of investigation.

Objective
Measure by next-generation sequencing (NGS), global miRNA expression in serum samples of osteoporotic subjects vs individuals with normal bone mineral density (BMD).

Design
Samples were collected from patients with different bone phenotypes and/or fragility fractures who did not receive any antiresorptive and/or bone-forming drug at the time of blood collection.

Setting
Samples and data were collected at 7 medical centers in Italy.

Patients
NGS prescreening: 50 osteoporotic patients vs 30 individuals with normal BMD. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) validation: 213 patients with different bone phenotypes, including the NGS-analyzed cohort.

Results
NGS identified 5 miRNAs (miR-8085, miR-320a-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-4497, miR-145-5p) differentially expressed in osteoporosis cases without fractures vs controls. ddPCR validation confirmed lower c-miR-23a-3p expression in osteoporotic patients, with or without fracture, than in osteopenic and normal subjects and increased c-miR-320a-3p expression in osteoporotic patients with fracture and lower expression in osteoporotic patients without fracture. ddPCR analysis showed a significantly increased expression of miR-21-5p in osteoporotic patients, with or without fracture, than in osteopenic and normal subjects, not evidenced by the NGS prescreening.

Discussion
Our study confirmed levels of c-miR-23a-3p and c-miR-21-5p as able to distinguish osteoporotic patients and subjects with normal BMD. Increased levels of c-miR-320a-3p specifically associated with fractures, independently by BMD, suggesting c-miR-320a-3p as a prognostic indicator of fracture risk in osteoporotic patients, to be confirmed in prospective studies on incident fractures.
Kif9 is an active kinesin motor required for ciliary beating and proximodistal patterning of motile axonemes
Authors: Konjikusic Mia J. , Lee Chanjae , Yue Yang , Shrestha Bikram D. , Nguimtsop Ange M. , Horani Amjad , Brody Steven , Prakash Vivek N. , Gray Ryan S. , Verhey Kristen J. , Wallingford John B. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Most motile cilia have a stereotyped structure of nine microtubule outer doublets and a single central pair of microtubules. The central pair of microtubules are surrounded by a set of proteins, termed the central pair apparatus. A specific kinesin, Klp1 projects from the central pair and contributes to ciliary motility in Chlamydomonas. The vertebrate ortholog, Kif9, is required for beating in mouse sperm flagella, but the mechanism of Kif9/Klp1 function remains poorly defined. Here, using Xenopus epidermal multiciliated cells, we show that Kif9 is necessary for ciliary motility and the proper distal localization of not only central pair proteins, but also radial spokes and dynein arms. In addition, single-molecule assays in vitro reveal that Xenopus Kif9 is a long-range processive motor, although it does not mediate long-range movement in ciliary axonemes in vivo. Together, our data suggest that Kif9 is integral for ciliary beating and is necessary for proper axonemal distal end integrity.
Αναλυτικό Πρόγραμμα Σπουδών της Νεοελληνικής Γλώσσας για το Γυμνάσιο για μαθητές με μαθησιακές δυσκολίες στο Γυμνάσιο
Authors: ΑΡΓΥΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ ΧΡΙΣΤΙΝΑ , ΠΑΤΟΥΝΑ ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΑ 
Published: May 2022

Η εκπαίδευση είναι αγαθό και υποχρέωση κάθε ευνομούμενης πολιτείας να την παρέχει σε όλους τους μαθητές. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο θα πρέπει να παρέχεται η κατάλληλη εκπαίδευση και σε μαθητές με μαθησιακές δυσκολίες, που σημαίνει νέα ΑΠΣ και βιβλία, που θα λαμβάνουν υπόψη αυτούς τους μαθητές με τις όποιες ιδιαιτερότητές τους Έχοντας αυτά υπόψη ως υπεύθυνη Σύμβουλος στο Παιδαγωγικό Ινστιτούτο (Π.Ι.) για τη ΝΕ Γλώσσα στο Γυμνάσιο και αφού μελετήθηκε μια ευρύτατη σχετική βιβλιογραφία, οργανώσαμε πρώτα τα ΑΠΣ και ΔΕΠΠΣ, σύμφωνα με τα οποία έγιναν τα νέα βιβλία του γυμνασίου και στη συνέχεια προτείναμε νέα ΑΠΣ ΝΕ Γλώσσας και Λογοτεχνίας για μαθητές με μαθησιακές δυσκολίες, εστιάζοντας ιδιαίτερα στη μεθοδολογία και τις δραστηριότητες. Αυτά δεν έγιναν, εκτός από κάποια θεωρητικά στοιχεία που αξιοποιήθηκαν σε ένα πρόγραμμα παραγωγής συμπληρωματικού υλικού, το οποίο δυστυχώς δεν φέρει το όνομά μας ως συγγραφέων, υπάρχει μόνον στην Ο. Ε[1] της Αργυροπούλου Χριστίνας.Θεωρούμε ότι οι μαθητές με μαθησιακές δυσκολίες μπορούν στην ίδια τάξη με τους άλλους συμμαθητές τους να εργάζονται με τη βοήθεια δεύτερου εκπαιδευτικού, καθώς θα διδαχθούν όλες οι ενότητες του γλωσσικού μαθήματος με τους στόχους και τους σκοπούς (ΑΠΣ, ΥΠΕΠΘ- Π.Ι. 2002: 61-63) και με τις θεμελιώδεις έννοιες διαθεματικής προσέγγισης, όπως αυτές αναφέρονται στο ΔΕΠΠΣ του μαθήματος (ΦΕΚ 303/13-3-03 και εκδ. ΥΠΕΠΘ- Π.Ι. 2002: 61-63). Όμως οι ενδεικτικοί διδακτικοί στόχοι δεν είναι δεσμευτικοί, ούτε η σειρά διδασκαλίας των περιεχομένων, καθώς ο εκπαιδευτικός μπορεί να επιλέξει όποια σειρά κρίνει πιο πρόσφορη για τον μαθητικό πληθυσμό στόχο. Ο μαθητής ασκείται στην παραγωγή προφορικού και γραπτού λόγου, στον άξονα: ακούω, κατανοώ, μιλώ, γράφω. Έχουν προστεθεί δραστηριότητες που προσιδιάζουν στον συγκεκριμένο μαθητικό πληθυσμό στόχο, τις οποίες ο εκπαιδευτικός μπορεί να τροποποιήσει ή να επινοήσει δικές του, εμπλέκοντας βιωματικά τους μαθητές. Η βιωματική μάθηση είναι αρχή για όλους τους μαθητές και πολύ περισσότερο για μαθητές με μαθησιακά προβλήματα. Ο τομέας της διδασκαλίας της γλώσσας ως μητρικής επηρεάστηκε τα τελευταία χρόνια από τις εξελίξεις που έγιναν στις επιστήμες της Γλωσσολογίας, της Ψυχολογίας, της Κοινωνιολογίας και της Παιδαγωγικής. Ο τομέας της αγωγής των παιδιών με μαθησιακές δυσκολίες ωφελήθηκε σημαντικά από τα πορίσματα των επιστημών αυτών και από τις μεθόδους που ακολουθούνται στη διδασκαλία της γλώσσας ως μητρικής, με αποτέλεσμα να μπορούμε να προτείνουμε ένα θεωρητικό και πρακτικό πλαίσιο για τη διδασκαλία της ελληνικής γλώσσας στο γυμνάσιο για μαθητές και μαθήτριες με μαθησιακές δυσκολίες.
Aνάλυση και ανίχνευση μαθησιακών δυσκολιών στα μαθηματικά μέσω της αλληλεπίδρασης των μοντέλων επεξεργασίας των αριθμών και των νευροεπιστημών.
Authors: ΚΑΡΑΓΙΑΝΝΑΚΗΣ ΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ , ΠΑΠΑΔΑΤΟΣ ΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ 
Published: May 2022

Ο τρόπος με τον οποίο επεξεργάζεται ο άνθρωπος τους αριθμούς, με βάση τις πιο πρόσφατες έρευνες, φαίνεται να συγκλίνει με το μοντέλο του τριπλού κώδικα επεξεργασίας του αριθμού, σύμφωνα με το οποίο κάθε αριθμός μπορεί να αναπαρασταθεί με αναλογικό, εικονιστικό και λεκτικο-ακουστικό τρόπο. Ωστόσο, γνωρίζουμε πως η ανάπτυξη των αριθμητικών δεξιοτήτων πραγματοποιείται μέσα από διάφορες εμπειρίες, οι οποίες βασίζονται σε εγκεφαλικές διεργασίες που εξακολουθούμε να κατανοούμε πάρα πολύ λίγα πράγματα σχετικά με αυτές. Μελέτες νευροεπιστημών, χρησιμοποιώντας τεχνικές νευροαπεικόνισης, έχουν αρχίσει να φωτίζουν τις νοητικές διεργασίες που εμπλέκονται κατά την επεξεργασία του αριθμού σε κάθε τρόπο αναπαράστασης του ξεχωριστά, αλλά και στην επανακωδικοποίηση του από τη μία μορφή αναπαράστασης στης άλλη. Στην παρούσα εργασία μελετώνται τα ελλείμματα των παραπάνω νοητικών διεργασιών που παρουσιάζουν τα άτομα με Μαθησιακές Δυσκολίες στα Μαθηματικά. Μέσα από τη μελέτη των ερευνητικών αυτών ευρημάτων, καταλήγουμε σε ένα μοντέλο επεξεργασίας και αναπαράστασης των μαθηματικών εννοιών το οποίο αποτελείται από τις εξής κύριες συνιστώσες: επίγνωση αριθμού, μνήμης, οπτικοχωρική και συλλογιστικής. Με βάση αυτό το μοντέλο, παρουσιάζονται νέες προοπτικές που ανακύπτουν τόσο για την ανίχνευση, όσο και για το σχεδιασμό τρόπων παρέμβασης Ειδικών Μαθησιακών Δυσκολιών στα Μαθηματικά.