bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and endoscopic study of dyspepsia in overweight and obese patients
Authors: Basha K.M. Farhanulla , Vaishnav Bhumika T. , Sharma Pragya , Thakkar Nirali , Kartheek Minna 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
Globally, the prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate. Obese patients often suffer from chronic dyspeptic symptoms. The aim of the study was to know the gross and histologic upper gastrointestinal mucosal changes and the prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) infection in overweight and obese dyspeptic patients.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional, observational study was done on 100 patients with dyspepsia and a body mass index (BMI) of ³25 kg/m2. The study was done between August 2019 and September 2021 at a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India.

Statistical Analysis:
Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and Fischer exact tests were applied to study the association between categorical variables. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant with a confidence level of 95%.

Results:
There were 59 males and 41 females. The mean age of the study subjects was 41.95 ± 12.32 years and the age range was 19–67 years. The maximum number of patients (36%) were in the age group of 50–59 years. Hypertension (45%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (30%) were the common comorbidities present. Heartburn and regurgitation were the most common symptoms, present in 37% and 35% of the subjects, respectively. Inflammatory lesions oesophagitis (28%) and gastritis (43%) were the common findings in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE). The stomach was the most common site with lesions. On histopathological examination, erosive gastritis (33%) and oesophagitis (28%) were confirmed. A total of 86% of obese subjects had at least one grossly abnormal finding. The prevalence of H. Pylori was 32%. Obese subjects had significantly more abnormal findings on UGIE compared to overweight subjects (P < 0.05). Obese patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus had significantly abnormal findings on UGIE compared to non-diabetic obese patients (P < 0.05). Obese patients with higher body mass index (BMI) and the presence of H. Pylori infection were more likely to have abnormal UGIE findings.

Conclusions:
Inflammatory and erosive lesions of the stomach and oesophagus are more common in obese dyspeptic patients. UGIE should be the investigation of choice and should be performed in overweight and obese patients with dyspepsia to predict and prevent Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and their related complications.
Complete heart block in COVID-19 without prior cardiac disease
Authors: NP Kavya , Sudan Aditya , Patel Nupur B , Panda Prasan K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is not rare but underdiagnosed. We report a 78-year-old man with COVID-19 and complete heart block, timely managed by teamwork involving internist, cardiologist, and intensivist. This case highlights the importance of involvement of the conducting system of the heart in COVID-19 that needs immediate life-saving intervention, especially in community.
Psychometric properties of the Tamil version of Perceived Stress Scale among diabetes mellitus patients in Puducherry, South India
Authors: Rajaa Sathish , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Ramakrishnan Jayalakshmy 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), developed in 1983, is one among the widely used global scales to assess the perceived psychological stress status. Hence, our study aimed at developing a Tamil version of THE 10-item PSS (TPSS-10) and assess its construct validity and internal consistency among patients with diabetes in Puducherry, South India.

Methods:
We translated the TPSS-10 by language experts and pilot-tested the sample with a subsample of diabetes patients. The finalized version of TPSS-10 was administered to 117 Tamil-speaking diabetic patients availing services from the rural health center in Puducherry, South India. Construct validity was assessed using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the principal component analysis (PCA). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was also done to obtain the goodness-of-fit. Reliability of questionnaire was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha.

Results:
Two factors were obtained with Eigenvalues of 4.61 and 2.16. Both factors explained 67.8% of the total variance. The two-factor model assessed by CFA found a χ2 value of 714.99 (P < 0.001). Goodness-of-fit revealed acceptable comparative fit indices (0.93). The reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) for complete TPSS-10 was 0.86, indicating good internal consistency.

Discussion:
Our study concludes that the TPSS-10 questionnaire is internally valid and consistent with good reliability coefficient after its administration to Tamil-speaking urban diabetic patients in order to measure perceived stress. However, further research is warranted to content-validate the tool with a standard diagnostic instrument.
COVID-19 presenting as acute adominal pain: A case series
Authors: Balakrishana Arjun Mallasandra , Usmani Saad H. , Mahto Subodh Kumar , Gupta Kritika , Kant Nishi , Pasricha Nitasha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus infection presents primarily as a respiratory illness, however, extra-pulmonary manifestations are known to occur, including gastrointestinal manifestations. Hereby, we report three cases of the COVID-19 infection who presented with acute-onset abdominal pain during illness. All three patients had respiratory symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and abdominal symptoms consistent with acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, and acute appendicitis. All three patients improved in terms of acute abdominal pain; however, the overall clinical course, the three illnesses were variable because of differences in underlying organ involment and pathophysiology.
Cancer prevention and control in India can get a boost through primary health care-based approach: A review
Authors: Lohiya Ayush , Daniel Roy A. , Smith Robert D. , Nagar Mukesh , Shankar Abhishek , Lahariya Chandrakant 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
India has a rising burden of cancer with an estimated 70% of the cancers caused by modifiable and preventable risk factors. This review was conducted to document the status, analyse the situation and propose the way forward for cancer prevention in India. A desk review of the online databases and reports from the government websites was conducted. The ongoing initiatives including cancer registries, medical and health education and training, and community-based programmes were analysed. This review was done from July 2019 to February 2021. Cancers of the breast, cervix, and lip and oral cavity are the three most common malignancies, with distinct regional variations in India and account for 34% of the 1.15 million cancer cases diagnosed annually. The major initiatives were focused initially on cancer treatment and prevention was added nearly a decade ago. Even with those, the scope and coverage of cancer prevention and treatment services has remained in hospitals and urban settings. India needs to build upon the ongoing approach which seems to be focused on “tracking the cancer, teaching the future and helping the masses” by implementing non-vertical primary healthcare cancer prevention and control approach. Cancer prevention should be made an integral part of the health interventions, rapidly extended to primary healthcare services and facilities, linked with specialised treatment facilities, as India aims for universal health coverage. The opportunity provided by the Ayushman Bharat Programme launched in 2018 should be leveraged for rapid expansion and effective coverage of cancer prevention and treatment interventions in India.
A cross sectional study on evaluating the corneal endothelial cell density and central corneal thickness in eyes with primary glaucoma
Authors: Sugumaran Asvini , Devasena Meera A. , Thomas Mary , Periyathambi Dharssana 
Published: September 2022

Background:
This study aims at evaluating glaucoma-induced damage to the corneal endothelium and the effect of central corneal thickness (CCT) on the intra-ocular pressure (IOP) measurement in patients newly diagnosed with primary glaucoma.

Methods:
It is a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 60 newly diagnosed primary glaucoma patients >18 years. They underwent fundus examination, four-mirror gonioscopy, and perimetry for confirming the diagnosis. Evaluation and analysis of corneal endothelial cell density and CCT were performed. Chi square test was performed to find out the association between glaucoma, corneal endothelial cell density, and CCT.

Results:
Evaluation of 60 patients revealed that by age distribution, the corneal endothelial cell density was lower in the 51–65 year age group and an age-related decrease in corneal endothelial cell density and CCT was found in newly diagnosed primary glaucoma patients. The mean CCT was 525 micrometers in patients with IOP between 20 to 40 mm Hg and 528 micrometers in patients with IOP between 41 to 60 mm Hg. The mean corneal endothelial cell density was 2361 cells/mm2 in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 2284 cells/mm2 in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). The mean CCT was 525 micrometers in POAG and 528 micrometers in PACG.

Conclusions:
The corneal endothelial cell density was lower in patients with PACG when compared with POAG, and the average CCT showed no significant difference in POAG and PACG patients. However, CCT was increased in patients with a higher intra-ocular pressure. The corneal endothelial cell density was lower in patients with a high intra-ocular pressure.
Congenital granular cell tumor in a 2-day-old infant—An unusual situation of a dental emergency
Authors: G Sajan Anand , V Phani Himaja Devi , Palla Santosh , Pratti Sesha Deepthi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCongenital granular cell tumor (CGCT) in newborns is a rare tumor occurring in the oral cavity, leading to difficulty in breast-feeding, mouth closure, and even respiration. This is rarely diagnosed perinatally and may be confused with a wide range of congenital, benign, or malignant growths during the clinical examination. The CGCT may be studied by ultrasonography to get a positive affirmation on the clinical diagnosis and, for basic pre-surgical guidance before excision. A histological study is needed to provide a final diagnosis and rule out any possible aggressive tumors. The report highlights the role of dental surgeons and clinical pathologists in providing prompt primary care for an unusual pediatric swelling under rural Indian settings.
Study of electrolyte disturbance in chronic liver disease patients attending a hospital in Kumaon region
Authors: Singh Yatendra , Nagar Dilwer , Singh Makrand , Maroof Mohd 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Pathophysiological changes secondary to cirrhosis predispose patients of chronic liver disease to develop various electrolyte disturbances which have a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and prognosis of these patients. This study aims to estimate the level of electrolyte disturbance and its association with the severity, complication, and outcome in chronic liver disease patients attending a hospital in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand.

Methods:
Our study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted on 100 chronic liver disease patients at the OPD/IPD Department of Medicine, Dr. Sushila Tiwari Hospital, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, from January 2020 to September 2021.

Results:
Hyponatremia was observed in 49% of the patients, hypokalemia in 30%, and hypocalcemia in 16% of the patients. The electrolyte levels were similar irrespective of the disease severity and presence of complications. The sodium and potassium levels had a significant association with the outcomes.

Conclusion:
Hyponatremia was the commonest electrolyte disturbance seen in the study patients. No significant association was observed between the electrolyte and severity of the disease and complications.
A study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-liver fat score in overweight and obese individuals
Authors: Koneru Kavya , Bhatt Varsha , Kakrani Arjun , Edara Manaswini , Reddy Vuluvala T. , Jawade Pranav Gopal 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the commonest liver pathologies and is increasing due to increasing obesity. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-liver fat score is a non-invasive diagnostic tool with a sensitivity and specificity of 95%.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional observational study on 50 overweight and obese individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of more than or equal to 25 kg/m2 and fatty liver on ultrasonography (USG). Alcoholics (≥30 g/day for men and ≥20 g/day for women), other etiologies like drugs and patients who had bowel resection surgeries for obesity were excluded from the study. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-liver fat score of more than -0.64 ruled in NAFLD. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Software 20.

Results:
About 33/50 patients had a score of more than -0.64. Metabolic syndrome was present in 29 (58%), dyslipidemia in 38 (76%), and diabetes mellitus (46%) was the commonest comorbidity. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean age, weight, BMI, blood pressure, liver enzymes, fasting lipid profile, serum albumin, glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C), international normalised ratio (INR), and fasting blood sugars between the two groups with scores >-0.64 and ≤-0.64. There was a negative correlation of high-density lipoprotein and a positive correlation of liver enzymes, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, fasting blood sugar level, and HBA1c with a score of >-0.64.

Conclusion:
Higher BMI, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with a score of >-0.64. This score confirmed the ultrasonographically diagnosed fatty liver.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of antibiotics use among primary healthcare physicians, Ministry of Health, Jeddah
Authors: Althagafi Nehal Saad , Othman Sahar Shafik 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Overuse of antibiotics is considered a major public health problem on a global level and leads to existence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in all settings.

Objectives:
To explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice of primary healthcare physicians regarding antibiotic use.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at a random sample of primary healthcare centers (PHCCs), belonging to Ministry of Health, in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All primary healthcare physicians working at chosen PHCCs were recruited. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. It includes five sections; socio-demographic characteristics of physicians, 11 statements to assess knowledge about antibiotic use, 6 statements to assess attitude toward antibiotic use, 6 statements concerning practice of antibiotic prescription, and 12 statements about factors influencing antibiotic prescription.

Results:
The study included 163 primary care physicians. The age of 58.9% ranged between 31 and 40 years. Approximately two-thirds of them were females (64.4%), and majority were Saudi nationals (98.8%). History of attending training courses in antibiotic use and resistance was reported by 47.9% of the physicians. The median (Interquartile range) of knowledge score percentage was 63.64 (45.45-81.82). It was abnormally distributed (p-value of Shapiro–Wilk test was 0.001). Physicians who reported previous attendance of courses in antibiotic use and resistance were more knowledgeable regarding antibiotics use and resistance compared to those who did not attend such courses (Mean ranks were 91.04 and 73.70, respectively (p = 0.018)). Most of the physicians agreed that taking antibiotics as prescribed minimize its side effects (81.6%), and taking antibiotics without rationale indication increase its side effects (81%). Male physicians were more likely than females to agree that use of antibiotics in case of viral infection prevents secondary bacterial infection (27.6% versus 10.5%), P < 0.001. Majority of the participants would increase antibiotic prescription in cases of purulent discharge (83.5%) and to prevent complications (71.1%).

Conclusion:
Knowledge and practice of primary healthcare physicians in Jeddah city regarding antibiotics use and resistance needs improvement. However their attitude toward them was acceptable. Improvement of their knowledge and continuous monitoring of their practice in this regard are warranted.
The prevalence and determinants of anterior cruciate ligament rupture among athletes practicing football in Jeddah Avenues 2020
Authors: Alqarni Fahad Salem , Alshehri Khalid Omair , Alotaibi Turki Muteb , Alsulami Assaf Nahar , Alshehri Abdulaziz Omair , Aseri Khaled Saeed 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a common sport injury and one of the most serious sport injuries affecting non-professionals and professional athletes. It is most commonly torn during sports that involve sudden stops and changes in direction such as football.

Objective:
To measure the prevalence and determinants of anterior cruciate ligament rupture as well as assess knowledge about it among young adult athletes practicing football.

Materials and Methods:
An analytical cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire was carried out during the period from December 2019 to March 2020 among a sample of Saudi athletes recruited from natural grass, artificial turf, and dirt football fields in the Jeddah region. A structured questionnaire composed of four parts was used to collect data: socio-demographic variables, questions to assess awareness and knowledge of ACL, questions to assess the prevalence and determinants of ACL, and description of cases and the Arabic version of the Lysholm Knee Score (LKS) to assess the impact of ACL injury on patients’ daily life.

Results:
The study included 320 participants. Their age ranged between 15 and 40 years with an arithmetic mean of 27.9 and a standard deviation of ±6.8 years. The majority of them were males (97.8%). The prevalence of ACL injury was 14.7% among the participants; it was significantly higher among overweight and obese subjects (P = 0.042) as well as those who reported more than 10 training weekly hours (P = 0.034). Most of the playgrounds at the time of injury were either artificial turf (44.7%) or dirt football fields (34%). Overall, the level of adequate knowledge about ACL was observed among most of the participants (70.3%). The only factor significantly associated with the level of participants’ knowledge about ACL was the level of physical activity, P = 0.011. The total of LKS ranged between 21 and 100 with a median (inter-quartile range) of 82.5 (57–91).

Conclusion:
The prevalence rate of ACL injury among athletes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is within the world wide range. Their awareness and knowledge of ACL are encouraging, although some risk factors were not well known. The quality of life of injured athletes was high, irrespective of demographic as well as physical factors and the history of surgical repair.
Diabetes in pregnancy study group of India, the answer for gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis dilemma: May be not!!!!
Authors: Gupta Arpit , Daga Prachi 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
For many years, there has been a lack of consensus over the appropriate diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the significance of the diagnosis. Multiple guidelines on diagnostic criteria across the world have complicated the diagnosis and further management of the disease, also complicating the healthcare delivery system.

Aim:
To compare the prevalence of GDM according to Modified Carpenter & Coustan, International association of Diabetes & Pregnancy Group (IADPSG) and DIPSI.

Settings and Design:
It was cross sectional observational study, conducted at KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh between Aug 2016 and Sept 2017. 162 patients were enrolled after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Methods and Material:
The study population was derived by screening pregnant females attending for their routine antenatal check up from 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. Plasma glucose levels was measured following 8hrs of overnight fasting. The pregnant females were given 82.5 glucose (equivalent to 75gm anhydrous glucose). Venous blood sample was collected for estimating plasma glucose at 0,1and 2hr.

Results:
In our study the prevalence of GDM among study population according to IADPSG criteria was 22.64%, as per Modified Carpenter & Coustan criteria was 17.61% while that as per DIPSI criteria was 13.21%.

Conclusions:
Considering IADPSG criteria as gold standard DIPSI is missing 66.6% of patients diagnosed as GDM by IADPSG. Considering Modified C&C criteria as gold standard over the years DIPSI is missing 64.2% of patients diagnosed as GDM by C&C.
The role of military medicine and the significance of training military medicine
Authors: Raeeszadeh Mohammad , Goodarzi Hassan , Moghaddam Jamal Akhavan , Bahaghighat Machian Mohamad Sadegh , Gooshki Hossein Shamsi , Khoshi Abolfazl 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Military forces are exposed to various kinds of special diseases for their occupational condition. As an academic discipline, Military Medicine serves to meet the healthcare needs of the forces. Professional Military Medicine has started working nearly from modern wars time in the 20th century. Regarding the growing global trends of war, terrorism, and natural disasters as well as modern changes in war strategies, weapons, and their consequences, Military Medicine is undergoing an evolution process. This review study was conducted to investigate the role and place of Military Medicine and the related approaches, medical curriculum, and the priority of developing specialized academic subfields of Military Medicine in Iran. Military physicians are in great need of knowledge, attitude, and skills. Today, Military Medicine includes a specialized approach, mobility, resuscitation, and stabilization of the injured as well as pre-hospital practices. Developing a specialized field for military emergency medicine with a special curriculum has been a priority in Iran that can meet the requirements of military forces for successful missions. Medical medicine departments of Military Medicine schools require new educational plans and curricula with specialized Military Medicine approaches and developments based on emerging needs. The most appropriate and the best option for military missions and emergencies in Iran is the physicians educated and specialized in Military Medicine.
Normalized COVID-19 prevention and control management
Authors: Ren Yu , Luo Hua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) virus swept the world in December 2019, it brought widespread side-effects. While there is no specific treatment for COVID-19, individuals and collectives often respond rapidly to develop a routine, making the prevention and control of COVID-19 normalized and institutionalized and creating vaccines successfully in a short time. However, this situation also exposed a spectrum of problems triggered by lockdown, isolation, and vaccinations. Herein, we analyze the prevention management of COVID-19 from epidemic psychology in order to provide a new sight for overcoming the psychological problems of COVID-19.