bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing tourniquet number has no effect on amikacin concentration within the radiocarpal joint in horses undergoing intravenous regional limb perfusion
Authors: Bergstrom Thomas C. , Kilcoyne Isabelle , Magdesian K. Gary , Nieto Jorge E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether IV regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) performed in the cephalic vein with a wide rubber tourniquet (WRT) applied proximal and distal to the carpus results in a higher peak concentration (Cmax) of amikacin in the radiocarpal joint (RCJ), compared with the Cmax for IVRLP using a single WRT proximal to the carpus.

Animals
7 healthy adult horses.

Procedures
Horses underwent IVRLP using standing sedation with 2 g of amikacin sulfate diluted to 60 mL by use of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution in the cephalic vein with 2 different tourniquet techniques; proximal WRT (P) and proximal and distal WRT (PD). Synovial fluid was collected from the RCJ at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes after IVRLP. Tourniquets were removed after the 30-minute sample was collected. Blood samples from the jugular vein were collected at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 29, and 31 minutes after IVRLP. Amikacin concentration was quantified by a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Median peak concentration (Cmax) of amikacin and time to maximum drug concentration (Tmax) within the RCJ were determined.

Results
Median peak concentration in the RCJ was 1331.4 μg/mL with technique P and 683.1 μg/mL with technique PD. Median Tmax occurred at 30 minutes with technique P and 25 minutes with technique PD. No significant (Cmax, P = 0.18; Tmax, P = 0.6) difference in amikacin Cmax or Tmax between techniques was detected.

Clinical Relevance
Placement of 2 WRTs offers no advantage to a single proximal WRT when performing IVRLP to deliver maximal amikacin concentrations to the RCJ using IVRLP.
Influence of forest growth conditions on the density of wood in the Amur region
Authors: Romanova Natalia A. , Zhirnov Alexander B. , Yust Natalia A. , Fucheng Xu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the system of logging machines, a factor such as the density of wood affects all components of the system. However this dependence can be more noticeable in the performance of wood felling, where logging machines have approximately the same saw body, such as a chain saw. In this regard, the problem of determining the dependence of the chainsaw on the density of wood, substantiation of effective options for the number of chainsaws in the assortment and whiplash method of logging is quite relevant. In the Far East of Russia, in particular, in the Amur region, the forest growth conditions are different from the western ones and therefore the properties of the woof differ from the generally accepted ones. The article describes forest growth conditions that influence the properties of the wood in areas of the Amur region. Using the method of density determination, the density of larch, pine and birch were studied first time in the areas of the region. The dependence of the density on humidity, age, species, season of the year and the area of growth was found out. The research results showed that in the Amur region at a humidity of 70% the density of larch varies from 745 to 1 089 kg m−3, pine from 435 to 1 081 kg m−3, birch from 403 to 878 kg m−3.
Forest educators as bearers and implementers of deep ecology ideas
Authors: Macháčková Karolina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
People think very little about the consequences of consumer and ecological manners. Responsibility for raising children to sustainable behaviour is transmitted to educational institutions that bear the full weight of this burden. Non-teaching experts such as foresters enter the educational process. These specialists are called “forest educators”. At the 14th European Forest Pedagogics Congress 2019 in Latvia, 167 forest educators from Europe met, and 52 of them were willing to participate in a qualitative research survey. This paper aimed to identify why foresters, as people without pedagogical education and despite the unfavourable funding, become educators. The following questions guided this research: What leads them to start organizing educational and adventure programmes for children and the public? Is their intrinsic motivation based on an unconscious level to implement ideas of Deep Ecology? Philosophy of Arne Naess and semi-structured interviews with forest educators in the form of the Pyramid Model of Wengraf, through which qualitative data were obtained, methodologically approached this paper. Interviews with foresters revealed their values, needs, motivation, dominant psychological-ethical moments and prosocial behaviour that brings inner satisfaction and pedagogical activity as an added value of their profession. Forest educators have a unique philosophical system related to nature and the environment. They subconsciously follow and develop the ideas of Deep Ecology through the methods of Forest Pedagogy. The paper presents the way of involving forest educators into the distance and online teaching due to the Coronavirus pandemic, as well as the topic for further research in this area.
Occurrence of pathogenic fungi on commercially available medicinal plants and packaged seeds
Authors: Irzykowska Lidia , Wielgusz Katarzyna 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Introduction
Pathogenic fungi decrease the quality of commercially available medicinal plants and packaged seeds. Some of fungal pathogens can produce mycotoxins harmful to human health.

Objective
To evaluate the health status of commercially available medicinal plants and check if packaged seeds of these plants are free from pathogenic fungi.

Methods
An experiment was conducted on potted plants of lemon balm, peppermint and sweet basil, commercially available and intended for direct use by consumers. For microbiological analyses, 100 stems and leaves of each species were randomly taken. Furthermore, the health of 100 seeds of each species was examined using agar plate method.

Results
Ten species and genera of pathogenic fungi were isolated from shoots, leaves and seeds of investigated plants. Some of them are toxin-forming species. Lemon balm was the most infected species.

Conclusion
Bearing in mind the health of consumers, more attention should be paid to the microbiological purity of commercially available medicinal plants and packaged seeds.
HPLC-DAD phenolics screening and in vitro investigation of haemostatic, antidiabetic, antioxidant and photoprotective properties of Centaurea tougourensis Boiss. & Reut.
Authors: Bensaad Mohamed Sabri , Dassamiour Saliha , Hambaba Leila , Bensouici Chawki , Karima Ouffroukh , Kahoul Mohamed Amine 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Introduction
Traditional medicine has an important place in human history and this since antiquity. Indeed, during Egyptian and Chinese civilization era, many detailed manuscripts, describing the therapeutic effect of plants, were found which suggest that folk medicine is the basis of the actual medicine.

Objective
To investigate the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the n-butanol (n-BuOH) and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of the aerial part of Centaurea tougourensis.

Methods
The phytochemical evaluation was done based on HPLC-DAD approach. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), while the hemostatic effect was performed using plasma recalcification time (PRT) method. The antidiabetic capacity was investigated by alpha-amylase inhibition assay and the photoprotective test was evaluated by the measurement of sun protection factor (SPF).

Results
13 phenolic compounds were identified in both extracts of C. tougourensis. These extracts showed antioxidant, haemostatic, antidiabetic and photoprotective properties with a dose-dependent manner. Amounts of n-BuOH activities were found higher, with a respective IC50 value of 0.72±0.07 μg/ml in DPPH assay, an A0.50 value lower than 3.125 μg/ml in CUPRAC assay besides a shortening rate percentage of coagulation (86.71%) in haemostatic assay, a moderate inhibition effect on alpha amylase activity with an IC50 value of (711.5±0.03 μg/ml) and a maximum sun protection factor of (56.035). These results were mostly found highly significant (p<0.001) when compared to respective standards.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated some pharmacological effects of C. tougourensis which suggests that our plant could be a good candidate to treat some illnesses related to oxidative stress, bleeding or skin cancer.
Tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in leaf extract from Carica papaya Linn. plant growing in Uganda
Authors: Nowak Jadwiga , Kiss Anna K. , Wambebe Charles , Katuura Esther , Kuźma Łukasz 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Introduction

Carica papaya L. belongs to Caricaceae family. It is an evergreen tree or shrub with usually unbranched trunk. Previous studies on the methanolic leaf extract of this plant proved the antibacterial, cytotoxic, anticancer and antioxidant effects indicative of promising therapeutic potentials.

Methods
Chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques along with high performance liquid chromatography quantitative analysis were performed to isolate, tentatively identify and quantify polyphenolic compounds in MeOH extract of C. papaya leaves. UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and UHPLC-DAD methods were adopted for qualitative and quantitative analysis respectively. In the case of polyphenol separation, some reference substances were isolated by preparative HPLC.

Results
Six polyphenols were isolated and quantified from C. papaya leaf extract, including three phenolic acids: derivatives of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and three flavonoids: quercetin dirhamnosylhexoside, kaempferol dirhamnosyl-hexoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside. Among them quercetin dirhamnosyl-hexoside was significantly higher (1.9 mg/g extract) than other identified compounds.

Conclusion
The results of present study provide a new data on polyphenols composition of C. papaya plant derived from Uganda and promote research on its possible standardization and use as a dietary supplement and/or herbal medicine.
The Diverse and Heterogeneous Clinical Features of Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Chebysheva Svetlana Nikolaevna , Zholobova Elena Spartakovna , Geppe Natalya Anatolevna , Aleksanyan Karina Vladimirovna , Meleshkina Angelina Valerevna , Nikolaevich Khitrov Alexandr , Borisovich Saltykov Alexandr , Isaevna Tachieva Bella , Ivanovich Vorobyev Sergey , Sergeevna Bolevich Stefani , Brankovich Bolevich Sergey 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis (JPsA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that accounts for 3-10% of all juvenile arthritis. The main objective is to identify the clinical features of psoriatic arthritis in children. This study was open-label, single-center, prospective, observational (1989-2020) cohort clinical study included 85 patients (3-17.0 y/o) who met Vancouver and I/E criteria. The features of skin and articular syndromes in children with JPsA were revealed. In most patients with PSA, the disease began at the age of 6.6 years. In childhood, arthritis is usually preceded by psoriasis. The most common clinical form of psoriasis is plaque psoriasis. At the onset of the disease, symmetric polyarthritis predominates. During the disease, transformation of the joint syndrome with a predominance of rheumatoid arthritis is noted. All observed patients showed pronounced osteoporosis, which is not characteristic of JPsA.
The use of dermoscopy in distinguishing the histopathological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma: A retrospective, morphological study
Authors: Popadić Mirjana , Brasanac Dimitrije 
Published: February 2022

Background
The role of dermoscopy in distinguishing the histopathological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is not fully elucidated.

Aims
To determine the accuracy of dermoscopy in diagnosing different BCC subtypes.

Methods
The dermoscopic features of 102 histopathologically verified BCCs were studied retrospectively. The tumours were classified as superficial (n=33,32.3%), nodular (n=46,45.1%) and aggressive (n=23,22.6%) BCCs by histopathology. Statistical analysis included Cohen’s kappa test, proportion of correlation, measures of diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic odds ratio and the credibility ratio of positive (LR+) and negative (LR−) tests.

Results
The highest value in all performed tests was seen in superficial BCCs (kappa 0.85; proportion of correlation 93%; diagnostic accuracy 93.1%), good correlation was noted in nodular BCCs (kappa 0.62, proportion of correlation 80%; diagnostic accuracy 80.4%) but dermoscopic correlation with histopathology was low for aggressive BCCs (kappa 0.13; proportion of correlation 79%; diagnostic accuracy 78.4%). Short, fine telangiectasias (83.3%) showed the greatest importance for the diagnosis of superficial BCCs, blue-grey ovoid nests (61.8%) had the highest diagnostic accuracy in nodular BCCs, while arborising vessels (79.4%) was the most significant dermoscopic feature for the diagnosis of aggressive BCCs.

Limitations
This was a retrospective analysis and included only Caucasian patients from a single centre.

Conclusion
The highest agreement of dermoscopic features with the histologic type was found in superficial BCCs. We did not find any specific dermoscopic structure that could indicate a diagnosis of aggressive BCC. The presence of relevant dermoscopic features in the evaluated cases was determined by the depth of tumour invasion and not by its histology.
Nobility revolts : the parliament of Flanders’ magistrates disobeying Louis XIV’s orders
Authors: Dhalluin Sébastien 
Published: February 2022

En 1668, après avoir conquis une importante partie des territoires des Pays-Bas espagnols, Louis XIV établit à Tournai un conseil souverain chargé d’administrer la justice aux nouveaux sujets de la Couronne. Cette juridiction est érigée en parlement en 1686 et son ressort évolue au fil des guerres menées par le Roi Soleil. Transférée à Cambrai en 1709 après la perte de Tournai lors de la guerre de Succession d’Espagne, la cour emménage définitivement à Douai en 1714. Malgré les promesses du maintien des particularismes locaux formulées dans les actes de capitulation des villes, la monarchie tente insidieusement de rapprocher la pratique judiciaire du ressort du parlement de Flandre de celle du reste du royaume de France. La justice, comme l’armée, l’administration et l’Église, est une institution majeure permettant progressivement l’assimilation des territoires conquis. C’est à cette fin que l’ordonnance criminelle de 1670 est envoyée pour enregistrement à la cour et que de nombreux textes de droit pénal viennent dicter les politiques répressives à appliquer. L’historiographie présente généralement les officiers de ce parlement comme dociles envers la monarchie. Pourtant, le dépouillement des arrêts rendus par cette juridiction a permis de révéler deux exemples de désobéissance manifeste aux ordres de Louis. En appliquant les anciens usages des Pays-Bas espagnols, les magistrats n’hésitent pas à faire ouvertement primer leurs intérêts financiers sur les ordres du roi.
Étude des potentialités des systèmes d’application contrôlée des gouttes (CDA) pour les traitements phytosanitaires en céréaliculture (synthèse bibliographique)
Authors: Salah Sofiene Ouled Taleb , Cock Nicolas De , Massinon Mathieu , Schiffers Bruno , Dorbolo Stéphane , Lebeau Frédéric 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. L’application contrôlée des gouttes (CDA) présente le double avantage de réduire à la fois l’étendue de la distribution des tailles des gouttes et le volume appliqué par rapport aux buses hydrauliques conventionnelles. Littérature. Cette revue investigue la potentialité de la CDA par rapport aux buses hydrauliques dans le cadre du désherbage précoce des adventices (2-3 feuilles). En termes de rétention, les études reliant les caractéristiques des gouttes (taille, vitesse et direction) et l’architecture, la densité et la mouillabilité du feuillage, en fonction de la formulation de bouillies, ont été abordées. Ces études montrent que des gouttes de 300 µm avec un adjuvant approprié et des jets émis 60° vers l’avant par rapport à la verticale contribuent à l’augmentation de la rétention sur les cibles problématiques à port dressé. L’effet des réductions des volumes d’application pour ces deux techniques est étudié sur base de la moyenne, du coefficient de variation et du taux de couverture des dépôts. Néanmoins, les résultats de ces études ne peuvent être généralisés du fait des différences de réglages opératoires entre les deux techniques d’application. Quant à la dérive, les atomiseurs CDA orientés horizontalement présentent un potentiel de dérive plus important que les buses hydrauliques pour lesquelles le spray est orienté vers le bas. La dérive augmente avec la vitesse du vent et diminue lorsque le diamètre médian volumétrique (DV50) augmente. Conclusions. De nouveaux réglages des atomiseurs de la CDA en termes de DV50 et de direction du jet peuvent répondre aux défis de l’agriculture de précision. Les pistes d'innovations proposées sont d’une part une amélioration de la résistance à l’usure des dents situées en bordure des disques et, d’autre part, une distribution granulométrique plus étroite.
Effet de la gestion des feuilles d'élagage du palmier à huile sur le stock de carbone et les propriétés physico-chimiques du sol dans les palmeraies villageoises du Bénin
Authors: Aholoukpè Hervé Nonwègnon Sayimi , Amadji Guillaume Lucien , Blavet Didier , Chotte Jean-Luc , Deleporte Philippe , Dubos Bernard , Flori Albert , Jourdan Christophe 
Published: February 2022

Description du sujet. Au Bénin, la culture du palmier à huile est largement répandue en milieu villageois. L’étude porte sur l’impact du recyclage des feuilles d’élagage sur les propriétés du sol des palmeraies. Objectifs. Évaluer l'effet de deux modes de gestion des feuilles élaguées dans la palmeraie sur le stock de carbone et les propriétés physico-chimiques du sol. Méthode. Six palmeraies villageoises de deux classes d'âges (7-12 ans et 13-24 ans) ont été retenues dans le sud-est du Bénin afin de comparer les propriétés du sol de deux zones : les zones de restitution totale des feuilles d'élagage (RT) et celles de restitution nulle des feuilles (RN) représentant le témoin. Dans chaque palmeraie, le sol sous chaque modalité de recyclage des feuilles a été prélevé, sur fosses, jusqu’à 50 cm de profondeur à proximité de six palmiers. Les propriétés du sol ont été déterminées par des méthodes d’analyse conventionnelles et par la spectroscopie proche infrarouge. Résultats. Les stocks de carbone et d'azote sous RT à l'âge adulte sont de 58 Mg·ha-1 et 4,3 Mg·ha-1, respectivement et sont significativement supérieurs aux stocks dans tous les autres traitements (34,6 Mg C·ha-1 et 2,9 Mg N·ha-1). Le recyclage des feuilles a amélioré la fertilité du sol jusqu’à 20 cm de profondeur dans les palmeraies adultes. La porosité et la densité apparente du sol ont été aussi améliorées. Conclusions. La gestion des feuilles élaguées dans les palmeraies modifie les propriétés du sol qui sont nettement améliorées en surface après 10 ans de recyclage des feuilles.
Synergistic effects of polyploidization and elicitation on biomass and hyoscyamine content in hairy roots of Datura stramonium
Authors: Belabbassi Ouarda , Khelifi-Slaoui Majda , Zaoui Djamila , Benyammi Roukia , Khalfallah Nadra , Malik Sonia , Makhzoum Abdullah , Khelifi Lakhdar 
Published: February 2022

Description of the subject. The hyoscyamine, a tropane alkaloid, widely used in medicine, can be produced from Datura sp. (Solanaceae). However, its content in the spontaneous roots remains low; therefore, hairy roots (HRs) were envisaged as a potential alternative to improve its biosynthesis. The hairy roots are characterized by a good genetic stability and a rapid growth. Indeed, Datura stramonium HRs have widely been studied in the perspective of improving the yield of hyoscyamine. This study is part of this same perspective. Objectives. This paper aims to study the effects of polyploidization of HRs induced by colchicine in synergy with elicitation (with acetylsalicylic [ASA] or salicylic acids [SA]) on the hyoscyamine content in D. stramonium. Method. Colchicine was applied at different concentrations and periods, on a selected hairy root line (LDS) of D. stramonium obtained by infection with Agrobactrium rhizogenes strain A4. The selection of tetraploid HR lines was performed by the cytogenetic analysis using light microscopy. The effect of polyploidization and elicitation was studied on the biomass (dry weight) and hyoscyamine content of HRs. Results. The untreated HR line (control) shows a diploid level with 2n = 24 chromosomes. However, the HR lines treated with colchicine show, in most cases, an endoreduplication of their genetic material. The survival rate of endoreduplicated lines varies between 30% and 93%, depending on concentration and exposure time to colchicine. Moreover, the tetraploid HR line shows an increase in its biomass and hyoscyamine content in comparison to the diploid HR line (LDS). Further, elicitation of HRs by ASA or AS at the 10-4 M concentration causes a low decrease or increase in dry weight, respectively. However, the same treatments show a significant increase in the yield of hyoscyamine in elicited HR lines. Consequently, our work indicates that the combination of polyploidy and elicitation can lead to significant improvements in hyoscyamine biosynthesis and content due to their synergistic effects. Conclusions. Elicitation of tetraploid hairy root lines improves significantly their content of hyoscyamine.
Changement climatique et production cotonnière au Sénégal : concevoir autrement les stratégies de diffusion des variétés
Authors: Ndour Abdoulaye , Loison Romain , Gourlot Jean-Paul , Ba Karamokho Seydi , Dieng Abdoulaye , Clouvel Pascal 
Published: February 2022

Description du sujet. L’impact du changement climatique remet en cause la stratégie de diffusion variétale de la Société de Développement et des Fibres Textiles au Sénégal (SODEFITEX), basée sur la distinction de deux variétés : l’une adaptée aux conditions humides et l’autre aux risques de sècheresse. À partir de données recueillies en station expérimentale et en parcelles d’agriculteurs de 2004 à 2011, l’étude évalue la pertinence de cette stratégie. Objectifs. L’objectif de l’étude est d’évaluer la méthode de sélection variétale et la performance des variétés cultivées et à l’essai, soumises à des environnements hydriques contrastés du fait de la variabilité spatiale et temporelle de la pluviosité et des pratiques culturales. Méthode. La méthodologie développée permet d’identifier l’occurrence d’un stress hydrique sévère durant les phases critiques de floraison et de développement des capsules vis-à-vis du rendement en coton-graine et la qualité de la fibre. L’indicateur de vécu hydrique produit est ensuite introduit dans l’analyse statistique en tant que co-variable descriptive de l’environnement. Résultats. L’indicateur produit permet de discriminer les rendements en coton-graine en station expérimentale et chez les producteurs. Bien qu’un effet variétal soit constaté sur le rendement égrenage et les caractéristiques technologiques des fibres, aucune variété ne se distingue des autres vis-à-vis du vécu hydrique. Conclusions. À défaut de variété adaptée aux stress hydriques, les résultats militent en faveur de l’adoption d’une seule variété sur le bassin de production. La stratégie de diffusion des variétés mériterait toutefois d’être renouvelée pour mieux rendre compte des conditions de culture en milieu réel et permettre l’évaluation des variétés par les producteurs.