bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone During the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Li Shouwei , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProxy evidences suggest abrupt southward displacements of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) and Younger Dryas (YD) against a long‐term trend of northward ITCZ migration from Last Glacial Maximum to modern climate. Climate model simulations reveal that the abrupt ITCZ changes in HS1 and YD are mainly driven by ice‐sheet‐induced meltwater while the long‐term ITCZ trend primarily results from orbital variations, rising atmospheric greenhouse gases and ice‐sheet retreats during the last deglaciation. Atmospheric energetics analysis elucidates two important processes driven by meltwater—less net radiation entering the top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) in the Northern Hemisphere than the Southern Hemisphere and a reduced global cross‐equatorial oceanic heat transport from the compensation between Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific heat transports—induce the southward ITCZ shift during HS1. Ice sheet extent changes also create a large interhemispheric TOA radiation asymmetry during HS1, which, however, is not via the surface albedo feedback.
An all optical approach for comprehensive in-operando analysis of radiative and nonradiative recombination processes in GaAs double heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Fan , Castaneda Jose F. , Gfroerer Timothy H. , Friedman Daniel , Zhang Yong-Hang , Wanlass Mark W. , Zhang Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe demonstrate an all optical approach that can surprisingly offer the possibility of yielding much more information than one would expect, pertinent to the carrier recombination dynamics via both radiative and nonradiative processes when only one dominant deep defect level is present in a semiconductor material. By applying a band-defect state coupling model that explicitly treats the inter-band radiative recombination and Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination via the deep defect states on an equal footing for any defect center occupation fraction, and analyzing photoluminescence (PL) as a function of excitation density over a wide range of the excitation density (e.g., 5–6 orders in magnitude), in conjunction with Raman measurements of the LO-phonon plasmon (LOPP) coupled mode, nearly all of the key parameters relevant to the recombination processes can be obtained. They include internal quantum efficiency (IQE), minority and majority carrier density, inter-band radiative recombination rate (Wr), minority carrier nonradiative recombination rate (Wnr), defect center occupation fraction (f), defect center density (Nt), and minority and majority carrier capture cross-sections (σt and σtM). While some of this information is thought to be obtainable optically, such as IQE and the Wr/Wnr ratio, most of the other parameters are generally considered to be attainable only through electrical techniques, such as current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Following a procedure developed herein, this approach has been successfully applied to three GaAs double-heterostructures that exhibit two distinctly different nonradiative recombination characteristics. The method greatly enhances the usefulness of the simple PL technique to an unprecedented level, facilitating comprehensive material and device characterization without the need for any device processing.
TARBP2-stablized SNHG7 regulates blood-brain barrier permeability by acting as a competing endogenous RNA to miR-17-5p/NFATC3 in Aβ-microenvironment
Authors: Ning Hao , Zhang Lu , Zhu Baicheng , Zhou Xinxin , Zhang Tianyuan , Ma Teng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBreakdown of blood-brain barrier (BBB) is recognized as serious pathological marker of Alzheimer’s disease development. Studies confirmed that β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition induced high BBB permeability by disrupting tight junction (TJ) proteins formed from endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we found TARBP2, SNHG7 and NFATC3 in expressions were increased and miR-17-5p expression was decreased in Aβ(1-42)-incubated ECs. Overexpression of TARBP2, SNHG7 and NFATC3 elevated BBB permeability and knockdown of them had converse results. Agomir-17-5p decreased BBB permeability and antagomir-17-5p increased BBB permeability. TARBP2 as a RNA-binding protein (RBP) bound to SNHG7 and resulted in longer half-life of SNHG7. The decreased expression of miR-17-5p had a negative post-transcriptional regulation to NFATC3, leading to the increased expression of NFATC3. In addition, SNHG7 regulated NFATC3 expression by acting as a molecule sponge targeting to miR-17-5p. NFATC3 inhibited TJ proteins expression by functioning as a transcription factor. TARBP2/SNHG7/miR-17-5p/NFATC3 pathway implied a potential mechanism in studies of BBB changes in AD pathological progression.
Individually addressable and flexible pressure sensor matrixes with ZnO nanotube arrays on graphene
Authors: Park Junbeom , Ghosh Ramesh , Song Minho S. , Hwang Yunjae , Tchoe Youngbin , Saroj Rajendra Kumar , Ali Asad , Guha Puspendu , Kim Bosung , Kim Sang-Woo , Kim Miyoung , Yi Gyu-Chul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe report the fabrication of individually addressable, high-density, vertical zinc oxide (ZnO) nanotube pressure sensor arrays. High-sensitivity and flexible piezoelectric sensors were fabricated using dimension- and position-controlled, vertical, and free-standing ZnO nanotubes on a graphene substrate. Significant pressure/force responses were achieved from small devices composed of only single, 3 × 3, 5 × 5, and 250 × 250 ZnO nanotube arrays on graphene. An individually addressable pixel matrix was fabricated by arranging the top and bottom electrodes of the sensors in a crossbar configuration. We investigated the uniformity and robustness of pressure/force spatial mapping by considering the pixel size, the number of ZnO nanotubes in each pixel, and the lateral dimensions of individual ZnO nanotubes. A spatial resolution as high as 1058 dpi was achieved for a Schottky diode-based force/pressure sensor composed of ZnO nanotubes on a flexible substrate. Additionally, we confirmed the excellent flexibility and electrical robustness of the free-standing sensor arrays for high-resolution tactile imaging. We believe that this work opens important opportunities for 1D piezoelectric pressure/force sensor arrays with enormous applications in human-electronics interfaces, smart skin, and micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems.
On the origins of conductive pulse sensing inside a nanopore
Authors: Lastra Lauren S. , Bandara Y. M. Nuwan D. Y. , Nguyen Michelle , Farajpour Nasim , Freedman Kevin J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanopore sensing is nearly synonymous with resistive pulse sensing due to the characteristic occlusion of ions during pore occupancy, particularly at high salt concentrations. Contrarily, conductive pulses are observed under low salt conditions wherein electroosmotic flow is significant. Most literature reports counterions as the dominant mechanism of conductive events (a molecule-centric theory). However, the counterion theory does not fit well with conductive events occurring via net neutral-charged protein translocation, prompting further investigation into translocation mechanics. Herein, we demonstrate theory and experiments underpinning the translocation mechanism (i.e., electroosmosis or electrophoresis), pulse direction (i.e., conductive or resistive) and shape (e.g., monophasic or biphasic) through fine control of chemical, physical, and electronic parameters. Results from these studies predict strong electroosmosis plays a role in driving DNA events and generating conductive events due to polarization effects (i.e., a pore-centric theory).
Microbial functional changes mark irreversible course of Tibetan grassland degradation
Authors: Breidenbach Andreas , Schleuss Per-Marten , Liu Shibin , Schneider Dominik , Dippold Michaela A. , de la Haye Tilman , Miehe Georg , Heitkamp Felix , Seeber Elke , Mason-Jones Kyle , Xu Xingliang , Huanming Yang , Xu Jianchu , Dorji Tsechoe , Gube Matthias , Norf Helge , Meier Jutta , Guggenberger Georg , Kuzyakov Yakov , Spielvogel Sandra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau’s Kobresia pastures store 2.5% of the world’s soil organic carbon (SOC). Climate change and overgrazing render their topsoils vulnerable to degradation, with SOC stocks declining by 42% and nitrogen (N) by 33% at severely degraded sites. We resolved these losses into erosion accounting for two-thirds, and decreased carbon (C) input and increased SOC mineralization accounting for the other third, and confirmed these results by comparison with a meta-analysis of 594 observations. The microbial community responded to the degradation through altered taxonomic composition and enzymatic activities. Hydrolytic enzyme activities were reduced, while degradation of the remaining recalcitrant soil organic matter by oxidative enzymes was accelerated, demonstrating a severe shift in microbial functioning. This may irreversibly alter the world´s largest alpine pastoral ecosystem by diminishing its C sink function and nutrient cycling dynamics, negatively impacting local food security, regional water quality and climate.
N6-methyladenosine regulated FGFR4 attenuates ferroptotic cell death in recalcitrant HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Zou Yutian , Zheng Shaoquan , Xie Xinhua , Ye Feng , Hu Xiaoqian , Tian Zhi , Yan Shu-Mei , Yang Lu , Kong Yanan , Tang Yuhui , Tian Wenwen , Xie Jindong , Deng Xinpei , Zeng Yan , Chen Zhe-Sheng , Tang Hailin , Xie Xiaoming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntrinsic and acquired anti-HER2 resistance remains a major hurdle for treating HER2-positive breast cancer. Using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening in vitro and in vivo, we identify FGFR4 as an essential gene following anti-HER2 treatment. FGFR4 inhibition enhances susceptibility to anti-HER2 therapy in resistant breast cancer. Mechanistically, m6A-hypomethylation regulated FGFR4 phosphorylates GSK-3β and activates β-catenin/TCF4 signaling to drive anti-HER2 resistance. Notably, suppression of FGFR4 dramatically diminishes glutathione synthesis and Fe2+ efflux efficiency via the β-catenin/TCF4-SLC7A11/FPN1 axis, resulting in excessive ROS production and labile iron pool accumulation. Ferroptosis, a unique iron-dependent form of oxidative cell death, is triggered after FGFR4 inhibition. Experiments involving patient-derived xenografts and organoids reveals a synergistic effect of anti-FGFR4 with anti-HER2 therapy in breast cancer with either intrinsic or acquired resistance. Together, these results pinpoint a mechanism of anti-HER2 resistance and provide a strategy for overcoming resistance via FGFR4 inhibition in recalcitrant HER2-positive breast cancer.
MYC drives aggressive prostate cancer by disrupting transcriptional pause release at androgen receptor targets
Authors: Qiu Xintao , Boufaied Nadia , Hallal Tarek , Feit Avery , de Polo Anna , Luoma Adrienne M. , Alahmadi Walaa , Larocque Janie , Zadra Giorgia , Xie Yingtian , Gu Shengqing , Tang Qin , Zhang Yi , Syamala Sudeepa , Seo Ji-Heui , Bell Connor , O’Connor Edward , Liu Yang , Schaeffer Edward M. , Jeffrey Karnes R. , Weinmann Sheila , Davicioni Elai , Morrissey Colm , Cejas Paloma , Ellis Leigh , Loda Massimo , Wucherpfennig Kai W. , Pomerantz Mark M. , Spratt Daniel E. , Corey Eva , Freedman Matthew L. , Shirley Liu X. , Brown Myles , Long Henry W. , Labbé David P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstractc-MYC (MYC) is a major driver of prostate cancer tumorigenesis and progression. Although MYC is overexpressed in both early and metastatic disease and associated with poor survival, its impact on prostate transcriptional reprogramming remains elusive. We demonstrate that MYC overexpression significantly diminishes the androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional program (the set of genes directly targeted by the AR protein) in luminal prostate cells without altering AR expression. Analyses of clinical specimens reveal that concurrent low AR and high MYC transcriptional programs accelerate prostate cancer progression toward a metastatic, castration-resistant disease. Data integration of single-cell transcriptomics together with ChIP-seq uncover an increase in RNA polymerase II (Pol II) promoter-proximal pausing at AR-dependent genes following MYC overexpression without an accompanying deactivation of AR-bound enhancers. Altogether, our findings suggest that MYC overexpression antagonizes the canonical AR transcriptional program and contributes to prostate tumor initiation and progression by disrupting transcriptional pause release at AR-regulated genes.
Heterologous immunization with inactivated vaccine followed by mRNA-booster elicits strong immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Authors: Zuo Fanglei , Abolhassani Hassan , Du Likun , Piralla Antonio , Bertoglio Federico , de Campos-Mata Leire , Wan Hui , Schubert Maren , Cassaniti Irene , Wang Yating , Sammartino Josè Camilla , Sun Rui , Vlachiotis Stelios , Bergami Federica , Kumagai-Braesch Makiko , Andréll Juni , Zhang Zhaoxia , Xue Yintong , Wenzel Esther Veronika , Calzolai Luigi , Varani Luca , Rezaei Nima , Chavoshzadeh Zahra , Baldanti Fausto , Hust Michael , Hammarström Lennart , Marcotte Harold , Pan-Hammarström Qiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe recent emergence of the Omicron variant has raised concerns on vaccine efficacy and the urgent need to study more efficient vaccination strategies. Here we observed that an mRNA vaccine booster in individuals vaccinated with two doses of inactivated vaccine significantly increased the plasma level of specific antibodies that bind to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the spike (S) ectodomain (S1 + S2) of both the G614 and the Omicron variants, compared to two doses of homologous inactivated vaccine. The level of RBD- and S-specific IgG antibodies and virus neutralization titers against variants of concern in the heterologous vaccination group were similar to that in individuals receiving three doses of homologous mRNA-vaccine or a boost of mRNA vaccine after infection, but markedly higher than that in individuals receiving three doses of a homologous inactivated vaccine. This heterologous vaccination regime furthermore significantly enhanced the RBD-specific memory B cell response and S1-specific T cell response, compared to two or three doses of homologous inactivated vaccine. Our study demonstrates that mRNA vaccine booster in individuals vaccinated with inactivated vaccines can be highly beneficial, as it markedly increases the humoral and cellular immune responses against the virus, including the Omicron variant.
Anomalous non-equilibrium response in black phosphorus to sub-gap mid-infrared excitation
Authors: Montanaro Angela , Giusti Francesca , Zanfrognini Matteo , Di Pietro Paola , Glerean Filippo , Jarc Giacomo , Rigoni Enrico Maria , Mathengattil Shahla Y. , Varsano Daniele , Rontani Massimo , Perucchi Andrea , Molinari Elisa , Fausti Daniele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe competition between the electron-hole Coulomb attraction and the 3D dielectric screening dictates the optical properties of layered semiconductors. In low-dimensional materials, the equilibrium dielectric environment can be significantly altered by the ultrafast excitation of photo-carriers, leading to renormalized band gap and exciton binding energies. Recently, black phosphorus emerged as a 2D material with strongly layer-dependent electronic properties. Here, we resolve the response of bulk black phosphorus to mid-infrared pulses tuned across the band gap. We find that, while above-gap excitation leads to a broadband light-induced transparency, sub-gap pulses drive an anomalous response, peaked at the single-layer exciton resonance. With the support of DFT calculations, we tentatively ascribe this experimental evidence to a non-adiabatic modification of the screening environment. Our work heralds the non-adiabatic optical manipulation of the electronic properties of 2D materials, which is of great relevance for the engineering of versatile van der Waals materials.
Phase separation and zinc-induced transition modulate synaptic distribution and association of autism-linked CTTNBP2 and SHANK3
Authors: Shih Pu-Yun , Fang Yu-Lun , Shankar Sahana , Lee Sue-Ping , Hu Hsiao-Tang , Chen Hsin , Wang Ting-Fang , Hsia Kuo-Chiang , Hsueh Yi-Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany synaptic proteins form biological condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Synaptopathy, a key feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), is likely relevant to the impaired phase separation and/or transition of ASD-linked synaptic proteins. Here, we report that LLPS and zinc-induced liquid-to-gel phase transition regulate the synaptic distribution and protein-protein interaction of cortactin-binding protein 2 (CTTNBP2), an ASD-linked protein. CTTNBP2 forms self-assembled condensates through its C-terminal intrinsically disordered region and facilitates SHANK3 co-condensation at dendritic spines. Zinc binds the N-terminal coiled-coil region of CTTNBP2, promoting higher-order assemblies. Consequently, it leads to reduce CTTNBP2 mobility and enhance the stability and synaptic retention of CTTNBP2 condensates. Moreover, ASD-linked mutations alter condensate formation and synaptic retention of CTTNBP2 and impair mouse social behaviors, which are all ameliorated by zinc supplementation. Our study suggests the relevance of condensate formation and zinc-induced phase transition to the synaptic distribution and function of ASD-linked proteins.
Rapid acceleration of KRAS-mutant pancreatic carcinogenesis via remodeling of tumor immune microenvironment by PPARδ
Authors: Liu Yi , Deguchi Yasunori , Wei Daoyan , Liu Fuyao , Moussalli Micheline J. , Deguchi Eriko , Li Donghui , Wang Huamin , Valentin Lovie Ann , Colby Jennifer K. , Wang Jing , Zheng Xiaofeng , Ying Haoqiang , Gagea Mihai , Ji Baoan , Shi Jiaqi , Yao James C. , Zuo Xiangsheng , Shureiqi Imad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) is a precursor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which commonly occurs in the general populations with aging. Although most PanIN lesions (PanINs) harbor oncogenic KRAS mutations that initiate pancreatic tumorigenesis; PanINs rarely progress to PDAC. Critical factors that promote this progression, especially targetable ones, remain poorly defined. We show that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPARδ), a lipid nuclear receptor, is upregulated in PanINs in humans and mice. Furthermore, PPARδ ligand activation by a high-fat diet or GW501516 (a highly selective, synthetic PPARδ ligand) in mutant KRASG12D (KRASmu) pancreatic epithelial cells strongly accelerates PanIN progression to PDAC. This PPARδ activation induces KRASmu pancreatic epithelial cells to secrete CCL2, which recruits immunosuppressive macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells into pancreas via the CCL2/CCR2 axis to orchestrate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and subsequently drive PanIN progression to PDAC. Our data identify PPARδ signaling as a potential molecular target to prevent PDAC development in subjects harboring PanINs.
Modulating gene regulation function by chemically controlled transcription factor clustering
Authors: Wu Jiegen , Chen Baoqiang , Liu Yadi , Ma Liang , Huang Wen , Lin Yihan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that transcriptional protein condensates (or clusters) may play key roles in gene regulation and cell fate determination. However, it remains largely unclear how the gene regulation function is quantitatively tuned by transcription factor (TF) clustering and whether TF clustering may confer emergent behaviors as in cell fate control systems. Here, to address this, we construct synthetic TFs whose clustering behavior can be chemically controlled. Through single-parameter tuning of the system (i.e., TF clustering propensity), we provide lines of evidence supporting the direct transcriptional activation and amplification of target genes by TF clustering. Single-gene imaging suggests that such amplification results from the modulation of transcriptional dynamics. Importantly, TF clustering propensity modulates the gene regulation function by significantly tuning the effective TF binding affinity and to a lesser extent the ultrasensitivity, contributing to bimodality and sustained response behavior that are reminiscent of canonical cell fate control systems. Collectively, these results demonstrate that TF clustering can modulate the gene regulation function to enable emergent behaviors, and highlight the potential applications of chemically controlled protein clustering.
Polygonal non-wetting droplets on microtextured surfaces
Authors: Lou Jing , Shi Songlin , Ma Chen , Zhou Xiaohuan , Huang Dong , Zheng Quanshui , Lv Cunjing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions between liquids and solids is important for many areas of science and technology. Microtextured surfaces have been extensively studied in microfluidics, DNA technologies, and micro-manufacturing. For these applications, the ability to precisely control the shape, size and location of the liquid via textured surfaces is of particular importance for the design of fluidic-based systems. However, this has been passively realized in the wetting state thanks to the pinning of the contact line, leaving the non-wetting counterpart challenging due to the low liquid affinity. In this work, confinement is imposed on droplets located on well-designed shapes and arrangements of microtextured surfaces. An active way to shape non-wetting water and liquid metal droplets into various polygons ranging from triangles, squares, rectangles, to hexagons is developed. The results suggest that energy barriers in different directions account for the movement of the contact lines and the formation of polygonal shapes. By characterizing the curvature of the liquid-vapour meniscus, the morphology of the droplet is correlated to its volume, thickness, and contact angle. The developed liquid-based patterning strategy under active regulation with low adhesion looks promising for low-cost micromanufacturing technology, DNA microarrays, and digital lab-on-a-chip.
Regulation of the evolutionarily conserved muscle myofibrillar matrix by cell type dependent and independent mechanisms
Authors: Ajayi Peter T. , Katti Prasanna , Zhang Yingfan , Willingham T. Bradley , Sun Ye , Bleck Christopher K. E. , Glancy Brian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSkeletal muscles play a central role in human movement through forces transmitted by contraction of the sarcomere. We recently showed that mammalian sarcomeres are connected through frequent branches forming a singular, mesh-like myofibrillar matrix. However, the extent to which myofibrillar connectivity is evolutionarily conserved as well as mechanisms which regulate the specific architecture of sarcomere branching remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate the presence of a myofibrillar matrix in the tubular, but not indirect flight (IF) muscles within Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover, we find that loss of transcription factor H15 increases sarcomere branching frequency in the tubular jump muscles, and we show that sarcomere branching can be turned on in IF muscles by salm-mediated conversion to tubular muscles. Finally, we demonstrate that neurochondrin misexpression results in myofibrillar connectivity in IF muscles without conversion to tubular muscles. These data indicate an evolutionarily conserved myofibrillar matrix regulated by both cell-type dependent and independent mechanisms.