bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermittent Fasting in Weight Loss and Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: CHAIR Sek Ying , CAI Hua , CAO Xi , QIN Yuelan , CHENG Ho Yu , NG Michael Timothy 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Intermittent fasting is an effective approach to promote weight loss. The optimal model of intermittent fasting in achieving weight management and cardiometabolic risk reduction is an underexplored but important issue.

Purpose
This study was designed to examine the effects of alternate-day fasting (ADF) and 16/8 time-restricted fasting (16/8 TRF) on weight loss, blood glucose, and lipid profile in overweight and obese adults with prediabetes.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted on a sample of 101 overweight and obese adults with prediabetes. The participants were randomized into the ADF group (n = 34), 16/8 TRF group (n = 33), and control group (n = 34). The intervention lasted for 3 weeks. Data on body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, and lipid profile were collected at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and at the 3-month follow-up.

Results
The reductions in body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference in the ADF and 16/8 TRF groups were more significant than those in the control group across the study period (all ps < .05). Moreover, significant reductions on blood glucose and triglycerides were observed in the two intervention groups as well. Furthermore, the reductions in body weight and body mass index in the ADF group were more significant than those in the 16/8 TRF group (all ps < .001). However, differences on the changes in blood glucose, waist circumference, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the two intervention groups were not significant.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The benefits of ADF and 16/8 TRF in promoting weight loss in overweight/obese adults with prediabetes were shown in this study. ADF was shown to have more-significant reduction effects on body weight and body mass index than 16/8 TRF. These findings indicate the potential benefit of integrating intermittent fasting regimens into normal dietary patterns to reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in this population.
Screening Tools for Child Abuse Used by Healthcare Providers: A Systematic Review
Authors: CHEN Chia-Jung , CHEN Yi-Wen , CHANG Hsin-Yi , FENG Jui-Ying 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The early detection of child abuse is essential for children at risk. Healthcare professionals working at hospitals and in the community are often the first to encounter suspected cases of child abuse. Therefore, an accurate identification of child abuse is critical for intervention. However, there is no consensus on the best method to screen for child abuse.

Purpose
This systematic review was designed to evaluate the relevant psychometric properties and critically appraise the methodological quality of child abuse screening tools used by healthcare providers with children less than 18 years old.

Methods
We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Education Resources Information Center, PubMed, Airiti Library, and OpenGray databases for studies on screening tools used to identify abuse in children published through October 2019 in English or Chinese. Information regarding populations, assessment methods, and accuracy parameters were extracted. Study quality was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist and Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria.

Results
Nine hundred thirty-nine abstracts and 23 full-text articles were reviewed for eligibility, and 15 screening tools for child abuse used by healthcare providers were identified. Screening tools often assess the presence of more than one form of abuse, but no single tool covered all forms. Of these, 10 tools screened for a single, discrete type of abuse, including nine physical abuse screening tools (three abusive head trauma tools) and one sexual abuse tool. Eighty percent (n = 12) of the screening tools had a moderate-to-high quality of evidence based on the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria. However, none of these screening tools achieved an adequate level of evidence based on the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
In this systematic literature review, 15 assessment tools of child abuse used by healthcare providers were identified, of which nine screened for physical abuse. Screening tools must be valid, succinct, user-friendly, and amenable for use with children at every point of care in the healthcare system. Because of the paucity of informative and practical studies in the literature, findings related to the quality of child abuse screening tools were inconclusive. Therefore, future research should focus on the use of screening tools in the healthcare system to identify effective screening interventions that may help healthcare providers identify child abuse cases as early as possible.
Prediction and validation of host cleavage targets of SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease
Authors: Yucel Nora , Marchiano Silvia , Tchelepi Evan , Paterlini Germana , McAfee Quentin , Nimmagadda Nehaar , Ren Andy , Shi Sam , Murry Charles , Arany Zoltan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow SARS-CoV-2 causes the observed range of clinical manifestations and disease severity remains poorly understood. SARS-CoV-2 encodes for two proteases (3CLPro and PLPro), vital for viral production, but also promiscuous with respect to host protein targets, likely contributing to the range of disease. Pharmacological inhibition of the 3C-like3 protease has revealed remarkable reduction in hospitalization and death in phase 2/3 clinical studies. However, the mechanisms responsible for the pathology mediated by those proteases are still unclear. In this study, we develop a bioinformatic algorithm, leveraging experimental data from SARS-CoV, to predict host cleavage targets of the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease, or 3CLPro. We capture targets of the 3CL protease described previously for SARS-CoV, and we identify hundreds of new putative targets. We experimentally validate a number of these predicted targets, including the giant sarcomeric protein Obscurin, and show that expression of 3CL protease alone recapitulates the sarcomeric disorganization seen by SARS-CoV-2 infection of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Our data provide a resource to identify putative host cleavage targets of 3CL protease that contribute to mechanisms and heterogeneity of disease in COVID-19 and future coronavirus outbreaks.
Pushing a balloon: does corporate risk disclosure matter for investment efficiency?
Authors: Khan Mubashir Ali , Yau Josephine Tan Hwang , Marsidi Asri , Ahmed Zeeshan 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effect of corporate risk disclosure on investment efficiency. This study also seeks to contribute to existing literature of corporate risk disclosure by investigating voluntary and mandatory risk disclosure and its effect on the investment efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThis study used two measures of corporate risk disclosure, level and quantity of corporate risk disclosure. A content analysis approach is adopted for non-financial Malaysian firms over the period 2010–2018.FindingsThe empirical results show that level of corporate risk disclosure leads toward efficient investment, whereas quantity of corporate risk disclosure causes inefficient investment when firms disclose more voluntary risks. Further, categorizing corporate risk disclosure into mandatory and voluntary risk disclosure, this study finds that voluntary risk disclosure tends to have higher investment inefficiency, while no evidence was found for mandatory risk disclosure.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to narrow stream of research investigating corporate risk disclosure through level and quantity contributing to the understanding of the level and quantity of risk disclosure in determining organizational investment efficiency.
Innovations in entrepreneurial marketing dimensions: evidence of Halal food SMES in Ghana
Authors: Deku Wisdom Apedo , Wang Jiuhe , Das Narain 
Published: January 2022

PurposeSmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) do not need only traditional marketing strategies in the dynamic business environment of the manufacturing sector. Entrepreneurial marketing dimension (EMD) is an alternative marketing approach for SMEs. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate whether EMD innovation has a positive and significant effect on SMEs performance on Ghanaian Halal food and beverages.Design/methodology/approachCorrelative descriptive research method was used and 432 questionnaires with five-point Likert scale were distributed among owners-managers of manufacturing sectors of Ghanaian Halal food and beverages SMEs producers were chosen by a simple random sampling method. Structural equations modelling structural equations modelling techniques was used to analyse data.FindingsThe result of data analysis indicates a positive and significant effect of EMD on manufacturing SMEs performances of Halal food. Nevertheless, the effect of EMD on the production performance of the aforementioned companies is confirmed positive. The findings also show that production performances of Halal food SMEs result in their financial performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s sample is limited to Halal food SMEs manufacturing in Ghana. More research can be done investigating this relationship from different sectors and in Islamic and non-Islamic countries.Practical implicationsThis research implies that Halal food SMEs manufacturing producers in a country is imperative in Muslim-minority countries. This study gives a benchmark for the non-Muslim-majority countries which endeavour to embark on the Halal SMEs manufacturing food. Muslim-minority countries that envision to succeed in the global Halal market could emulate Ghana’s approach in branding itself as a recognised non-Muslim-majority country in producing Halal foods. This can be done by implementing innovative, proactive, opportunist, risk-taking and customer-oriented initiatives to achieve better market and innovative performances and higher profits.Originality/valueThis paper fills a knowledge gap by presenting the first comprehensive overview of Halal food SMEs manufacturing performance research that enhances the ongoing discussion in hospitality, entrepreneurship and marketing fields in Islamic and non-Islamic contexts.
Impact of social media on learning English language during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Muftah Muneera 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis research shows how social media has affected learning at present during the COVID-19 pandemic and how it has become the largest and most convenient area of communication. In the current scenario, it seems that social networking sites not only had a profound impact on our social structure and intra-social interaction, but also affected education in general and learning English language in particular. It has been proven that these various social media platforms have created a realm of digital environment in today's new-age learning. Social media platforms are social networking sites through which people interact and communicate with each other easily and conveniently. Undoubtedly and unquestionably, social networking has been proven to be a global phenomenon that has caused a vast paradigm shift in the world of Learning and education during the current pandemic. Therefore, the present study aims to reach the extent of the impact of the various social media platforms on learning English language during the COVID-19 pandemic from the students' point of view.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted at the undergraduate level for English language learners. The sample comprised 166 undergraduate students at Najran University. A survey questionnaire was administered to find out the impact of various social media platforms and social networking sites on learning English language in the academic year of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to highlight possible suggestions for improving future virtual language learning.FindingsThe findings of the study contributed to the area of online learning of English language during the COVID-19 pandemic. Final results confirmed that the utilization of social media has been significantly perceived to have positively impacted learning English language in terms of writing style, reading skills, listening and lexical variation, communication skills and grammar usage.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study can serve as fundamental indicators to implement prompt pedagogical reformations, for which a number of pedagogical implications can be proposed. Another equally important pedagogical implication is to design and provide professional development and training sessions to both students and educators on the ultimate utilization of social media as instructional technologies in the context of English language teaching and learning.Originality/valueThis research provides insights in developing policies to assist with the integration and utilization of social media platforms as instructional technologies in the context of English language teaching and learning and how institutions can respond to the advent of advancing technology, especially during and after the COVID-19 era. A model to improve online English language learning process is recommended as a guideline for all educators offering online learning.
Reflection and synthesis: How moral agents learn and moral cultures evolve
Authors: Burch-Brown Joanna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne aim of moral education is to help society progress from morally imperfect conventions towards more perfect ones. According to a popular view, reflecting judgment is the vehicle of this progress. In this paper, I argue that although reflection is important, it is not enough; moral development also requires practical synthesis. Moral development takes place by securing new connections—conceptual, affective, volitional and behavioural—that bring thoughts, feelings, motivations and actions into alignment with higher reason, to instantiate respect for all who are ends in themselves. Constructing parallels from Kant's theoretical philosophy, I identify three kinds of synthesis that are central to moral practice. If I am right, then a key task for moral education is to support the development of these capacities of practical synthesis.
Farmers’ preferences toward an outcome‐based payment for ecosystem service scheme in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Katsuya , Hanley Nicholas , Kuhfuss Laure 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe estimate farmers’ preferences for outcome‐based (or results‐based) payment for ecosystem service scheme in Japan. To this end, we use a two‐stage stated preference approach—the first stage models farmers’ decisions to adopt outcome‐based contracts using a discrete choice experiment. The second stage estimates the areas of land which farmers who choose to participate will enrol in the scheme. Based on a sample of 333 respondents, our results show that most farmers are willing to participate in outcome‐based contacts. A variety of contract attributes are found to influence farmers’ decisions on participation. However, once a farmer decides to participate, their decision on how much farmland to enrol in is likely to be influenced solely by the per‐hectare payment. Therefore, to encourage more farmers to participate and enrol more farmland, policy‐makers’ decisions on the level of payments offered are critically important.
Changes in key aroma‐active compounds and sensory characteristics of sunflower oils induced by seed roasting
Authors: Yin Wen‐ting , Shi Rui , Li Shi‐jia , Ma Xue‐ting , Wang Xue‐de , Wang An‐na 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the changes in aroma composition and perception of sunflower oils induced by seed roasting using sensory‐oriented flavor analysis. Volatile compounds were extracted by solvent‐assisted flavor evaporation and headspace solid‐phase microextraction. Odorants were characterized by gas chromatography‐olfactometry‐mass spectrometry and aroma extract dilution analysis. The cold‐pressed and roasted sunflower oils contained 13 and 50 odorants, respectively, with the flavor dilution factors between 1 and 256. Fifty‐six odorants were newly identified in sunflower oils. Quantification of 26 important odorants by the external standard method revealed apparent changes induced by seed roasting in loss of terpenes, formation of Maillard reaction products, and the increase in lipid oxidation products. The most important odorants (odor active values, OAVs = 1–1857) in the cold‐pressed sunflower oil included α‐pinene (11,145 µg/kg), β‐pinene (4068 µg/kg), linalool (56 µg/kg), hexanal (541 µg/kg), octanal (125 µg/kg), α‐phellandrene (36 µg/kg), and (E)‐2‐octenal (69 µg/kg), contributing to the raw sunflower seed, woody, green, earthy, and sweet aromas of the oil. The most important contributors (OAVs = 1–884) to the roasted, smoky, and burnt aromas of the roasted sunflower oil were 2‐ and 3‐methylbutanal (6726 and 714 µg/kg), 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine (2329 µg/kg), 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine (12,228 µg/kg), 2,3‐dimethylpyrazine (238 µg/kg), 2,3‐pentanedione (1456 µg/kg), 2‐pentylfuran (1332 µg/kg), 2,3‐dimethyl‐5‐ethylpyrazine (213 µg/kg), and 1‐pentanol (693 µg/kg). Aroma recombination of the key odorants in odorless sunflower oil adequately mimicked the general aroma profiles of sunflower oils. This study provides an important foundation for understanding the relationship between oil processing and aroma molecules of sunflower oils.Practical ApplicationThe clear changes observed in the composition and concentrations of key aroma compounds explained the changes in sensory characteristics of sunflower seed oils induced by seed roasting on a molecular basis. Characterizing the key aroma‐active composition of sunflower oil and investigating its relationship with oil processing could provide important practical applications for the sunflower oil industry in flavor regulation, quality control, product development, and process optimization.
Evaluating Data‐type Heterogeneity in Interactive Visual Analyses with Parallel Axes
Authors: Matute José , Linsen Lars 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe application of parallel axes for the interactive visual analysis of multidimensional data is a widely used concept. While multidimensional data sets are commonly heterogeneous in nature, i.e. data items contain both numerical and categorical (including ordinal) attribute values, the use of parallel axes often assumes either numerical or categorical attributes. While Parallel Coordinates and their large variety of extensions focus on numerical data, Parallel Sets and related methods focus on categorical attributes. While both concepts allow for displaying heterogeneous data, no clear strategies have been defined for representing categories in Parallel Coordinates or discretization of continuous ranges in Parallel Sets. In practice, type conversion as a pre‐processing step can be used as well as coordinated views of numerical and categorical data visualizations. We evaluate traditional and state‐of‐the‐art approaches with respect to the interplay of categorical and numerical dimensions for querying probability‐based events. We also compare against a heterogeneous Parallel Coordinates/Parallel Set approach with a novel interface between categorical and numerical axes . We show that approaches for mapping categorical data to numerical axis representations can lead to lower accuracy in answering probability‐based questions and higher response times than hybrid approaches in multiple‐event scenarios.
Cemented versus screw‐retained zirconia‐based single‐implant restorations: 5‐year results of a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lamperti Sofia T. , Wolleb Karin , Hämmerle Christoph H.F. , Jung Ronald E. , Hüsler Jürg , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare cemented and screw‐retained one‐piece zirconia‐based restorations in terms of clinical, radiographic, and technical outcomes 5 years after insertion.Materials and methodsThirty‐four patients with single‐tooth implants were randomly restored with either a cemented lithium disilicate crown on a one‐piece customized zirconia abutment (CEM, 17 patients) or a screw‐retained crown based on a directly veneered one‐piece customized zirconia abutment (SCREW, 16 patients). All patients were recalled for a baseline examination (7–10 days after crown insertion) and then annually up to 5 years. The following outcomes were assessed: marginal bone level (changes), technical, and clinical (bleeding on probing, plaque control record, probing depth, and keratinized tissue) parameters. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to assess differences between the two groups.ResultsAt 5 years, 26 patients (13 in each group) were re‐examined. The survival rates on the implant and restorative levels were 100% and 82.4% (equally for both groups), respectively. At 5 years, the median marginal bone level was located at −0.15 mm (IQR: −0.89 mm; 0.27 mm) (CEM) and −0.26 mm (IQR: −0.38 mm; 0.01 mm) (SCREW) below the implant shoulder (intergroup p = .9598). The median changes between baseline and the 5‐year follow‐up amounted to −0.23 mm (CEM; intragroup p = .0002) and −0.15 mm (SCREW; intragroup p = .1465) (intergroup p = .1690). The overall technical complication rate at 5 years was 15.4% (CEM) and 15.4% (SCREW) (intergroup p = 1.00). Clinical parameters remained stable over time (baseline to 5 years).ConclusionsAt 5 years, screw‐retained and cemented restorations rendered largely the same clinical, technical, and radiographic outcomes. Technical complications were frequent in both groups.