bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific metabolic syndrome components predict cognition and social functioning in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe mental disorders
Authors: Sánchez‐Ortí Joan Vicent , Balanzá‐Martínez Vicent , Correa‐Ghisays Patricia , Selva‐Vera Gabriel , Vila‐Francés Joan , Magdalena‐Benedito Rafael , San‐Martin Constanza , Victor Víctor M. , Escribano‐Lopez Irene , Hernández‐Mijares Antonio , Vivas‐Lalinde Juliana , Crespo‐Facorro Benedicto , Tabarés‐Seisdedos Rafael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveObesity and metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) are more prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ). MetS components might be associated with neurocognitive and functional impairments in these individuals. The predictive and discriminatory validity of MetS and its components regarding those outcomes were assessed from prospective and transdiagnostic perspectives.MethodsMetabolic syndrome components and neurocognitive and social functioning were assessed in 165 subjects, including 30 with SZ, 42 with BD, 35 with MDD, 30 with T2DM, and 28 healthy controls (HCs). A posteriori, individuals were classified into two groups. The MetS group consisted of those who met at least three of the following criteria: abdominal obesity (AO), elevated triglycerides (TG), reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), elevated blood pressure (BP), and elevated fasting glucose (FPG); the remaining participants comprised the No‐MetS group. Mixed one‐way analysis of covariance and linear and binary logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsCognitive impairment was significantly greater in the MetS group (n = 82) than in the No‐MetS group (n = 83), with small effect sizes (p < 0.05; η²p = 0.02 – 0.03). In both groups, the most robust associations between MetS components and neurocognitive and social functioning were observed with TG and FPG (p < 0.05). There was also evidence for a significant relationship between cognition and BP in the MetS group (p < 0.05). The combination of TG, FPG, elevated systolic BP and HDL best classified individuals with greater cognitive impairment (p < 0.001), and TG was the most accurate (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsSpecific MetS components are significantly associated with cognitive impairment across somatic and psychiatric disorders. Our findings provide further evidence on the summative effect of MetS components to predict cognition and social functioning and allow the identification of individuals with worse outcomes. Transdiagnostic, lifestyle‐based therapeutic interventions targeted at that group hold the potential to improve health outcomes.
Comparison of two‐stage and three‐stage surgery for obstructing left‐sided colon cancer
Authors: Lin Yu‐Zu , Cheng Hou‐Hsuan , Huang Sheng‐Chieh , Chang Shih‐Ching , Lan Yuan‐Tzu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhether the timing of stoma reversal after emergency diversion for obstructive left‐sided colon cancer affects patient outcomes is unknown. Our study compared the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of two‐ and three‐stage operations for obstructive left‐sided colon cancer.MethodsPatients with obstructive left‐sided colon cancer who underwent staged resection at a referral hospital between January 2002 and December 2015 were retrospectively identified. Patient demographics and outcomes were analysed and compared between the two groups. Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 191 patients were reviewed. The overall complication rate was higher for two‐stage surgery than for three‐stage surgery (57.1% versus 36.0%, p < 0.01). Surgical site infection and/or wound dehiscence were the most common complications. Other complications, including anastomotic leakage, ileus, and bowel obstruction, were not significantly different between the two groups. The five‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival in stage II and III patients were comparable.ConclusionAmong patients with obstructive left‐sided colon cancer who underwent staged resection, two‐stage surgery was associated with a higher complication rate, especially for surgical site infection and/or wound dehiscence, which could be managed by local treatment. The timing of stoma reversal was not associated with survival differences in patients with stage II and III disease. However, issues such as the location of the tumour and diverting stoma, along with the need to resect other upper abdominal organs, should all be considered when deciding between two‐ and three‐stage surgeries.
Effectiveness and safety of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Bhurwal Abhishek , Mutneja Hemant , Bansal Vikas , Goel Akshay , Arora Shilpa , Attar Bashar , Minacapelli Carlos D. , Kochhar Gursimran , Chen Lea Ann , Brant Steve , Seril Darren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere are concerns regarding the effectiveness and safety of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients. This systematic review and meta‐analysis comprehensively summarises the available literature regarding the safety and effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in IBD.MethodsThree independent reviewers performed a comprehensive review of all original articles describing the response of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in patients with IBD. Primary outcomes were (1) pooled seroconversion rate SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in IBD patients (2) comparison of breakthrough COVID‐19 infection rate SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in IBD patients with control cohort and (3) pooled adverse event rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine. All outcomes were evaluated for one and two doses of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine. Meta‐regression was performed. Probability of publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and with Egger’s test.ResultsTwenty‐one studies yielded a pooled seroconversion rate of 73.7% and 96.8% in IBD patients after one and two doses of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine respectively. Sub‐group analysis revealed non‐statistically significant differences between different immunosuppressive regimens for seroconversion. Meta‐regression revealed that the vaccine type and study location independently influenced seroconversion rates. There was no statistically significant difference in breakthrough infection in IBD patients as compared to control after vaccination.ConclusionIn summary, the systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine is safe and effective in IBD patients.
Associative effects of ensiling mixtures of sweet sorghum and korshinsk pea shrub on fermentation quality, chemical composition, and in vitro rumen digestion characteristics
Authors: Sun Zhiqiang , Li Yuan , Liu Guibo , Gao Run , Bao Jinze , Wang Lei , Wu Zhe , Yu Zhu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSilages processed with gramineous grass and wood feed mixtures may have positive associative effects on silage quality and animal performance when ruminants are fed those silages. The present study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation quality, chemical composition, and in vitro rumen digestion characteristics of silages produced with mixtures of sweet sorghum (SS) and korshinsk pea shrub (KP) in six different ratios of fresh weights: 100:0 (0%KP), 80:20 (20%KP), 60:40 (40%KP), 40:60 (60%KP), 20:80 (80%KP), and 0:100 (100%KP). As the proportion of KP increased in the silages, the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, starch, total phenolics, hydrolysable tannins, and condensed tannins decreased (p < 0.05), while the pH value and the contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ether extract, crude protein, and ash increased (p < 0.05). The silages were evaluated in 48 h incubations with rumen liquor. The in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility, and in vitro gas production decreased as the proportion of KP increased (p < 0.05). This study suggests that ensiling SS–KP at a ratio of 80:20 is a practical method for preserving such low‐DM forages (SS) and that these silage mixtures offer an opportunity to optimize the nutrient supply for ruminant production.
Poverty, noncommunicable diseases, and perceived health risks among older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic in urban Thailand
Authors: Pothisiri Wiraporn , Vicerra Paolo Miguel Manalang , Buathong Thananon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had negative impacts on vulnerable populations worldwide. This study aimed to examine the association between the health worries of urban older people in Thailand and covariates related to income and non‐income poverty, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and metabolic risk factors (MRFs). The study utilized the 2021 Survey on Housing and Support Services for Poor Older Adults, which sampled lower‐income urban adults aged at least 55 years from five national regions. Bivariate analyses were performed to determine the relationships of NCDs and MRFs with the covariates. Then, binary logistic regression was used to analyze outcomes of perceived health risks including becoming infected with COVID‐19, declining health status, and being unable to access health care. Higher educational attainment and income levels were observed to be negatively correlated with worse health status and the inability to access health care. Subjective household crowding consistently had a positive association with the three health concerns. Having MRFs was related only to concerns about health status and access to health care during the pandemic. Welfare and health policies need to improve their responsiveness to the needs of the older population, especially for protection from socioeconomic shocks such as those seen with the current pandemic.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure–response of anti‐programmed cell death protein‐1 monoclonal antibody dostarlimab in advanced solid tumours
Authors: Melhem Murad , Hanze Eva , Lu Sharon , Alskär Oskar , Visser Sandra , Gandhi Yash 
Published: March 2022

AimDevelop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model to characterise the pharmacokinetics (PK) of anti‐programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) antibody dostarlimab, identify covariates of clinical relevance, and investigate efficacy/safety exposure–response (ER) relationships.MethodsA PopPK model was developed using Phase 1 GARNET (NCT02715284) trial data for dostarlimab (1, 3 or 10 mg kg−1 every 2 wk; 500 mg every 3 wk or 1000 mg every 6 wk; 500 mg every 3 wk × 4 then 1000 mg every 6 wk [recommended regimen]) serum concentrations over time. Concentration–time data were analysed using nonlinear mixed effects modelling with standard stepwise covariate modelling. ER was explored for treatment‐related adverse events and overall response rate (ORR) using logistic regression.ResultsPopPK model/adverse event ER analyses included 546 patients (ORR ER analysis n = 362). Dostarlimab PK was well described by a 2‐compartment model with time‐dependent linear elimination. Time‐dependent clearance decreased over time to a maximum of 14.9%. At steady state, estimated dostarlimab geometric mean coefficient of variation % clearance was 0.179 (30.2%) L d−1; volume of distribution was 5.3 (14.2%) L; terminal elimination half‐life was 23.5 (22.4%) days. Statistically significant covariates were age, body weight, sex, time‐varying albumin and alanine aminotransferase for clearance; body weight, albumin and sex for volume of distribution of the central compartment. Hepatic or renal impairment did not affect PK. There were no clinically significant ER relationships.ConclusionDostarlimab PK parameters are similar to other anti‐programmed cell death protein‐1 antibodies. The clinical impact of covariates on exposure was limited‐to‐moderate, supporting recommended dostarlimab monotherapy therapeutic dosing.
Maternal factors associated with interbirth intervals in Australia: Results from a population‐based longitudinal study
Authors: Mishra Gita D. , Baneshi Mohammad Reza , Dobson Annette J. , Tooth Leigh R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveShort and long intervals between successive births are associated with adverse birth outcomes, especially in low‐income and middle‐income countries, yet the birth intervals in high‐income countries remain relatively understudied. The aim was to examine maternal factors associated with birth intervals in Australia.MethodsThe sample comprised 6130 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health who were born in 1973‐1978, had two or more births, and responded to regular surveys between 1996 and 2018. Interbirth interval (IBI) was defined as the time between successive live births. Maternal factors were examined using accelerated failure time models.ResultsFor women with only two births (n = 3802), the median time to the second birth was 34.0 months (IQR 23.1, 46.2) with shorter IBI associated with higher socioeconomic status (eg, university education (31.9 months), less income stress (31.1)), and longer IBI associated with age over 35 (39.7), fair/poor health (43.0), untreated fertility problems (45.5), miscarriage (39.4), or abortion (41.0). For women with three or more births (n = 2328), the median times to the second and third births were 31.2 months (19.9, 42.1) and 36.5 months (25.3, 50.1), respectively; some factors were consistent between the first IBI and second IBI (eg, university education and being married were associated with shorter IBI), whereas income stress was associated with longer first IBI but not with second IBI.ConclusionsUnderstanding maternal factors associated with birth intervals in a high‐income country like Australia may enable more nuanced tailoring of guidelines for prepregnancy care.
Short flowers for long tongues: Functional specialization in a nocturnal pollination network of an asclepiad in long‐tongued hawkmoths
Authors: Amorim Felipe W. , Marino Salvador , Sanz‐Veiga Priscila Andre , Ollerton Jeff , Oliveira Paulo Eugênio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince Darwin, very long and narrow floral tubes have been known to represent the main floral morphological feature for specialized long‐tongued hawkmoth pollination. However, specialization may be driven by other contrivances instead of floral tube morphology. Asclepiads are plants with a complex floral morphology where primary hawkmoth pollination had never been described. We detailed here the intricate pollination mechanism of the South American asclepiad Schubertia grandiflora, where functional specialization on long‐tongued hawkmoth pollinators occurs despite the short floral tube of this species. We studied two plant populations in the Brazilian Cerrado and recorded floral visitors using different approaches, such as light‐trapped hawkmoths for pollen analysis, direct field observations, and IR motion‐activated cameras. Finally, using a community‐level approach we applied an ecological network analysis to identify the realized pollinator niche of S. grandiflora among the available niches in the pollinator community. Throughout a period of 17 years, long‐tongued hawkmoths were consistently recorded as the main floral visitors and the only effective pollinators of S. grandiflora. Flowers rely on highly modified corona and gynostegium, and enlarged nectar chambers, to drive visitors and pollination mechanism. Despite its relative short‐tube, network analysis placed S. grandiflora in the module including exclusively long‐tongued hawkmoth pollinators and the most phenotypically specialized sphingophilous plants in the community. These results represent the first example of functional specialization in long‐tongued hawkmoths in an asclepiad species. However, this specialization is uncoupled from the long floral tubes historically associated with the sphingophily syndrome.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Helicobacter pylori‐induced DNA double‐stranded break in the development of gastric cancer
Authors: Murata‐Kamiya Naoko , Hatakeyama Masanori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInfection with cagA‐positive Helicobacter pylori strains plays an etiological role in the development of gastric cancer. The CagA protein is injected into gastric epithelial cells through a bacterial Type IV secretion system. Inside the host cells, CagA promiscuously associates with multiple host cell proteins including the prooncogenic phosphatase SHP2 that is required for full activation of the Ras–ERK pathway. CagA–SHP2 interaction aberrantly activates SHP2 and thereby deregulates Ras–ERK signaling. Cancer is regarded as a disease of the genome, indicating that H. pylori‐mediated gastric carcinogenesis is also associated with genomic alterations in the host cell. Indeed, accumulating evidence has indicated that H. pylori infection provokes DNA double‐stranded breaks (DSBs) by both CagA‐dependent and CagA‐independent mechanisms. DSBs are repaired by either error‐free homologous recombination (HR) or error‐prone non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) or microhomology‐mediated end joining (MMEJ). Infection with cagA‐positive H. pylori inhibits RAD51 expression while dampening cytoplasmic‐to‐nuclear translocalization of BRCA1, causing replication fork instability and HR defects (known as “BRCAness”), which collectively provoke genomic hypermutation via non‐HR‐mediated DSB repair. H. pylori also subverts multiple DNA damage responses including DNA repair systems. Infection with H. pylori additionally inhibits the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, thereby dampening DNA damage‐induced apoptosis, while promoting proliferation of CagA‐delivered cells. Therefore, H. pylori cagA‐positive strains promote abnormal expansion of cells with BRCAness, which dramatically increases the chance of generating driver gene mutations in the host cells. Once such driver mutations are acquired, H. pylori CagA is no longer required for subsequent gastric carcinogenesis (Hit‐and‐Run carcinogenesis).
Mothers’ and fathers’ executive function both predict emergent executive function in toddlerhood
Authors: Ribner Andrew , Devine Rory T. , Blair Clancy , Hughes Claire ,   NewFAMS Investigators
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere are multivariate influences on the development of children's executive function throughout the lifespan and substantial individual differences can be seen as early as when children are 1 and 2 years of age. These individual differences are moderately stable throughout early childhood, but more research is needed to better understand their origins. To some degree, individual differences in executive function are correlated between mother and child, but no research to date has examined these associations prior to when children are preschool age, nor have any studies considered the role of fathers’ and mothers’ executive function in tandem. Here, we use a sample of 484 families (Mothers 89.2% white; Fathers 92.5% white) in three countries (UK, USA, Netherlands) to investigate the role of each parents’ executive function on the development of children's (49.7% female) executive function from 14 (M = 14.42, SD = 0.57) to 24 (M = 24.47, SD = 0.78) months, as well as parenting practices that underlie these associations. Results of structural equation models suggest stability in some—but not all—components of executive function and growing unity between components as children age. We replicate extant findings such that mothers’ executive function predicts children's executive function over and above stability and extend these findings to include associations between father and child skills. We find an additive role of fathers’ EF, similar in magnitude to the role of mothers’ EF. Finally, for both mothers and fathers we find that sensitivity and autonomy supportive practices mediate the relations between parents’ and children's executive function.
Prevalence and determinants of pain in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Results from the German INHIBIT registry
Authors: Mork Hannah , Motte Jeremias , Fisse Anna Lena , Grüter Thomas , Brünger Jil , Stoykova Zornitsa , Bulut Yesim , Athanasopoulos Diamantis , Sturm Dietrich , Tegenthoff Martin , Gold Ralf , Enax‐Krumova Elena , Pitarokoili Kalliopi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposePain, fatigue and depression in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are often underestimated, as the focus lies on sensorimotor dysfunction and gait instability. The aim of this study was to investigate their prevalence, characteristics and contribution to disability in a prospective cohort of 84 patients with CIDP.MethodsPain, fatigue, depression and quality of life were measured using the Pain Detect Questionnaire, Krupp's Fatigue Severity Scale, Beck Depression Inventory II and the German Short‐Form 36 Health Survey. Sensorimotor deficits and disability were assessed using the Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment overall disability score, the Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale, the Medical Research Council sum score and the Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment sensory sum score. The interrelation between the five factors was assessed using analysis of variance and linear regression analysis.ResultsPain was reported in 62%, mostly of moderate and severe intensity, whereas pain characteristics indicated neuropathic pain (NP) in 29%. Sensory dysfunction was stronger in NP patients compared to pain‐free patients (p = 0.001). Pain of any type, especially NP, was associated with more pronounced fatigue symptoms (p = 0.010). Depressive symptoms were more frequent in patients with pain compared to the pain‐free patients (61% vs. 33%, p = 0.02) and were more severe and frequent in NP than in non‐NP patients (p = 0.005). Patients with pain had a worse physical quality of life than pain‐free patients (p = 0.001).ConclusionPain, depression and fatigue are relevant disability factors in CIDP affecting quality of life. Sensory dysfunction is associated with NP. Therefore, evaluation of CIDP‐related disability should include pain and sensory function for adequate monitoring of therapeutic interventions.