bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COV-ECGNET: COVID-19 detection using ECG trace images with deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Rahman Tawsifur , Akinbi Alex , Chowdhury Muhammad E. H. , Rashid Tarik A. , Şengür Abdulkadir , Khandakar Amith , Islam Khandaker Reajul , Ismael Aras M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe reliable and rapid identification of the COVID-19 has become crucial to prevent the rapid spread of the disease, ease lockdown restrictions and reduce pressure on public health infrastructures. Recently, several methods and techniques have been proposed to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus using different images and data. However, this is the first study that will explore the possibility of using deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models to detect COVID-19 from electrocardiogram (ECG) trace images. In this work, COVID-19 and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were detected using deep-learning techniques. A public dataset of ECG images consisting of 1937 images from five distinct categories, such as normal, COVID-19, myocardial infarction (MI), abnormal heartbeat (AHB), and recovered myocardial infarction (RMI) were used in this study. Six different deep CNN models (ResNet18, ResNet50, ResNet101, InceptionV3, DenseNet201, and MobileNetv2) were used to investigate three different classification schemes: (i) two-class classification (normal vs COVID-19); (ii) three-class classification (normal, COVID-19, and other CVDs), and finally, (iii) five-class classification (normal, COVID-19, MI, AHB, and RMI). For two-class and three-class classification, Densenet201 outperforms other networks with an accuracy of 99.1%, and 97.36%, respectively; while for the five-class classification, InceptionV3 outperforms others with an accuracy of 97.83%. ScoreCAM visualization confirms that the networks are learning from the relevant area of the trace images. Since the proposed method uses ECG trace images which can be captured by smartphones and are readily available facilities in low-resources countries, this study will help in faster computer-aided diagnosis of COVID-19 and other cardiac abnormalities.
Concentration and translocation of trace metals in Solidago gigantea in urban areas: a potential bioindicator
Authors: Dambiec M. , Klink A. , Polechońska L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInvasive species usually grow in human-disturbed habitats including urban areas where they face numerous pollutants, including metals that attract special attention due to their non-degradability and high accumulation potential. In this study we evaluated the contents of potentially toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the invasive species Solidago gigantea. The strategy adopted by S. gigantea in response to excess trace metals in the soil was assessed. Metal contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry in leaves, stems and roots of S. gigantea collected from 30 sites located in areas affected by various human activities. Metal concentrations (total and bioavailable fraction) were also determined in corresponding soil samples. Results showed that S. gigantea was able to inhabit strongly polluted sites. High Bioaccumulation Factor but low Translocation Factor values for Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni show that S. gigantea takes up metals from soil but reduces their transport to the aboveground parts and could be classified as a metal-tolerant species with exclusion strategy. The Bioaccumulation Factor values for Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn were remarkably higher in plants growing in areas characterized by low metal concentrations in soil compared to the ones affected by industry, with high metal concentrations. This suggests that S. gigantea that grows in polluted areas can reduce the uptake of potentially toxic metals. Regardless of the limited transport of metals to the aboveground organs, the content of metals in S. gigantea leaves differed between areas differing in human impact and the species can be used as a biomonitor.
Revision Stapes Surgery
Authors: Sakano Hitomi , Harris Jeffrey P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review briefly covers the history of stapedectomy, discusses the indications and problems encountered with revision surgery, and provides case examples with solutions.Recent FindingsRevision surgery is challenging and successful outcome even in the most experienced specialists is 45–71%, which is far less than that of primary surgery.SummaryCareful evaluation of the reasons for reoperation, anticipation of the common problems, and patient education on reasonable expectations are all very important for success.
Thrombin Generation in Trauma Patients: How Do we Navigate Through Scylla and Charybdis?
Authors: Mitrophanov Alexander Y. , Vandyck Kofi , Tanaka Kenichi A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewCoagulopathy is a complex pathological condition manifested through the insufficient or excessive tendency to form blood thrombi, which can be caused by trauma and surgery. A promising strategy to mitigate coagulopathy is the balanced restoration of the generation of thrombin — the main enzyme in the blood-coagulation system. We review studies focusing on thrombin, traumatic coagulopathy, and hemostatic balance — a concept aimed to avoid abnormally weak or excessively strong coagulation responses.Recent FindingsThrombin generation is impacted by coagulopathic conditions described by complex patterns, possibly depending on various factors. New methodologies of thrombin-generation measurement and analysis are emerging. Combinations of pro- and anticoagulant proteins can restore thrombin generation in coagulopathy. Balanced therapeutic strategies to improve thrombin generation may lead to favorable clinical outcomes.SummaryThrombin generation is an essential target of pharmacological intervention in traumatic and surgical coagulopathy.Graphic Abstract
Effect of process parameters and heat treatments on delta-phase precipitation in directed energy deposited alloy 718
Authors: Sreekanth Suhas , Hurtig Kjell , Joshi Shrikant , Andersson Joel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article outlines a detailed study of solution treatments and delta precipitation treatments carried out on laser-directed energy deposited (DED) alloy 718 specimens. Two different sets of DED process parameters were used in high and low energy conditions that yield different microstructural features to study the effect of process parameters on delta precipitation. These two conditions were subjected to solution treatment at 1010 °C and 1050 °C each for 1 h, which improved homogeneity and altered grain texture with introduction of annealing twins. The as-built and solution-treated specimens served as the initial reference condition for subsequent delta processing treatments (DPT) performed at three temperatures of 850 °C, 900 °C, and 950 °C to study the effect of short- and long-term exposures ranging from 1 to 48 h. When as-built specimens were subjected to DPT, interdendritic delta precipitates were observed at Nb-rich regions. In contrast, solution-treated specimens under short-term exposure to DPT resulted in intergranular delta phase precipitates whereas under long-term exposures to DPT yielded predominantly intragranular delta precipitates, which grew denser and longer with increased time of treatment. For longer exposure times of 24 and 48 h, a continuous film of intergranular delta phase was noticed. The morphology, location, and volume fraction of delta phase precipitates studied in this research are imperative for designing the performance of alloy 718 built by DED process.
Imaging of pulmonary infections after lung transplantation: a pictorial essay of early and late computed tomography findings
Authors: Giraudo Chiara , Rizzon Giulia , Mazzai Linda , Loy Monica , Balestro Elisabetta , Motta Raffaella , Pezzuto Federica , Polverosi Roberta , Calabrese Fiorella , Rea Federico 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPulmonary infections are among the most common complications after lung transplants and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Computed tomography is one of the main non-invasive diagnostic tools for detecting lung infections but characterizing the correct etiology may be very challenging. Indeed, although several pathogens show typical patterns at imaging, others, such as bacteria, may demonstrate quite unspecific features. Therefore, additional parameters, like the timing of the infection, should be evaluated to support the radiologists in narrowing the differential diagnoses. In fact, it has been demonstrated that several pathogens, like Candida albicans, usually occurring within the first month after the transplant, frequently occur at specific time points. Thus, aim of this review is to make radiologists and clinicians familiar with the computed tomography patterns of pulmonary infections occurring after lung transplant, considering the etiology and the time of onset, according to the extensive experience gained in our tertiary center.
Application of integrated management bundle incorporating with multidisciplinary measures improved in-hospital outcomes and early survival in geriatric hip fracture patients with perioperative heart failure: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fu Mingming , Zhang Yaqian , Guo Junfei , Zhao Yuqi , Hou Zhiyong , Wang Zhiqian , Zhang Yingze 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
In elderly, hip fracture is often complicated by perioperative heart failure, related to worse prognosis. We aimed to analyze the effects of integrated management bundle incorporating with multidisciplinary measures on in-hospital outcomes and early survival in elderly hip fracture patients with perioperative heart failure.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 421 hip fracture patients aged 65 and over who developed perioperative heart failure were included. According to different perioperative management modes applied, patients were retrospectively divided into multidisciplinary management group (Group A), including 277 patients, and integrated management bundle group (Group B), including 144 patients. The B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, complications, length of stay, and hospitalization costs were observed and compared between two groups. Overall survival was compared by Kaplan–Meier methods. Cox regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors associated with overall survival.

Results
A total of 421 patients were enrolled for analysis, including 277 in Group A and 144 in Group B. BNP and CRP levels were significantly decreased compared with admission (P < 0.05). Furthermore, BNP and CRP in Group B decreased much more than those in Group A (P < 0.05). The reductions were observed in length of stay, hospitalization costs and incidence of pulmonary infection, hypoproteinemia, and acute cerebral infarction in Group B (all P < 0.05). The Kaplan–Meier plots showed significantly superior overall survival in Group B. Integrated management bundle was independent favorable prognostic factors.

Conclusions
The integrated management bundle incorporating with multidisciplinary measures significantly improved the therapeutic effect of perioperative heart failure, reduced inflammatory response, and yielded better hospital outcomes. It brought better survival benefits for geriatric hip fracture patients with perioperative heart failure. The results of this study can play an important role in clinical work and provide a valuable theoretical basis for selection of management model in elderly hip fracture patients with perioperative heart failure.
Mental Health and COVID-19 Pandemic Stressors Among Latina/o/x College Students with Varying Self and Parental Immigration Status
Authors: Enriquez Laura E. , Morales Alberto Eduardo , Rodriguez Victoria E. , Chavarria Karina , Ro Annie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has produced significant psychological distress for college students due to the sudden proliferation of stressors. We examine whether and how self and parental immigration status contributes to Latina/o/x college students’ mental health and pandemic stressors during the initial months of the pandemic. We draw on quantitative and qualitative survey data collected in March–June 2020 with 1,600 Latina/o/x University of California undergraduate students from three self-identified groups: undocumented students, US citizens with at least one undocumented parent, and US citizens with lawfully present parents. Quantitative analyses reveal that the pandemic produced widespread negative mental health effects but the severity of these effects did not differ by self/parental immigration status. Our qualitative analyses identify common pandemic-related stressors across our three student groups (financial insecurity, COVID-19 virus concerns, academic strains, and social dynamics); however, undocumented students and US citizens with undocumented parents identify unique aspects of these stressors due to legal vulnerabilities. Self and parental undocumented status also compromises the ability to manage common pandemic stressors because of immigration status-related exclusion from necessary resources. Ultimately, we argue that the high-stress nature of the pandemic elevated mental distress across all student groups, but the structural exclusion of undocumented immigrants contributes to unique experiences of stress among Latina/o/x undocumented students and US citizen students with undocumented parents.
How good is a living donor? Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of donor demographics on post kidney transplant outcomes
Authors: Bellini Maria Irene , Nozdrin Mikhail , Pengel Liset , Knight Simon , Papalois Vassilios 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims
Living donor kidneys are considered the best quality organs. In the attempt to expand the donor pool, the donor’s age, sex and body mass index (BMI) might be considered as potential determinants of the kidney transplant outcomes, and thus guide recipient selection. We aimed to investigate the effects of donor demographics on kidney function, graft and recipient survival, delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection (AR).

Methods
Systematic review and meta-analysis. EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, BIOSIS, CABI, SciELO and Cochrane were searched using algorithms. NHBLI tools were used for risk of bias assessment. Mean difference (MD), standardized mean difference (SMD), and risk ratio (RR) were calculated in Revman 5.4

Results
Altogether, 5129 studies were identified by the search algorithm; 47 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. No significant difference in recipient 1-year survival was found between recipients of donors aged < 50 vs donors aged > 50 (RR = 0.65 95% CI: 0.1–4.1), and recipients of donors aged < 60 vs donors aged > 60 (RR = 0.81 95% CI: 0.3–2.3). Graft survival was significantly higher in recipients of grafts from donors aged < 60. Risk of AR (RR = 0.62 95% CI: 0.5–0.8) and DGF (RR = 0.28 95% CI: 0.1–0.9) were significantly lower in recipients of grafts from donors aged < 60. One-year serum creatinine was significantly lower in recipients from donors aged < 60 years compared to donors aged > 60 years (MD = 0.3 mg/dl 95% CI: 0.1–0.9), although there was high heterogeneity. Recipients of grafts from male donors had lower 1-year serum creatinine (MD = 0.12 mg/dl 95% CI: 0.2–0.1) and higher eGFR compared to recipients of female donors (p < 0.00001). Donor obesity increased the incidence of delayed graft function but not acute rejection (RR = 0.66 95% CI: 0.32–1.34).

Conclusions
Older donor age was associated with worse post-transplant outcomes and recipients of male donors had better 1-year eGFR. Donor obesity affects the incidence of delayed graft function, but not the incidence of acute rejection in recipients.

Graphical Abstract
Content-adaptive image compression and encryption via optimized compressive sensing with double random phase encoding driven by chaos
Authors: Gan Zhihua , Chai Xiuli , Bi Jianqiang , Chen Xiuhui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the advancement of multimedia technology and coming of big data era, the size of image data is significantly increased. However, the traditional image encryption methods cannot solve the emerging problems of efficient compression. To settle with this challenge, an effective content-adaptive image compression and encryption method based on compressive sensing and double random phase encoding (DRPE) is proposed in this paper. The original image is converted to one low-frequency part and three high-frequency parts by DWT and then permutated by sorting-based chaotic sequences. Afterward, a novel measurement matrix optimization algorithm based on adaptive step size is presented to measure the high-frequency components. To enhance the security of the scheme, the DRPE, quantization, and diffusion are successively performed on the complex matrix composed of the shuffled low-frequency component and three measurement value matrices to obtain the cipher image. Logistic-Sine chaotic system is utilized to produce the chaotic keystreams for the encryption process, and its system parameter and initial value are determined by the information entropy of the plain image and external key parameters, so that the proposed cipher can withstand known-plaintext and chosen-plaintext attacks effectively. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed image compression and encryption algorithm.
Regulating Sustainable Finance in the Dark
Authors: Zetzsche Dirk A. , Anker-Sørensen Linn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnalyzing the revised EU Sustainable Finance Strategy disclosed in two steps in April and July 2021, we identify as core issues of any sustainability-oriented financial regulation a lack of data on profitability of sustainable investments, a lack of broadly acknowledged theoretical insights (typically laid down in standard models) into the co-relation and causation of sustainability factors with financial data, and a lack of a consistent application of recently adopted rules and standards. The three factors together are now hindering a rational, calculated approach to allocating funds with a view to sustainability which we usually associate with ‘finance’. These deficiencies will be addressed once (1) the EU’s sustainability taxonomy is implemented by most issuers of financial products, (2) several years of taxonomy-based reporting by issuers and originators of financial products is made available, and (3) these data have been used for validating emerging new sustainable finance benchmarks and models for investment and risk management. Until that day (which we expect to be at least 5 years from now), relying on Roberta Romano’s famous adage, regulators seeking to further sustainability by legal means, effectively ‘regulate in the dark.’In order to avoid undesirable and unforeseeable effects of regulation, we argue against any regulation addressing capital requirements, mandating sustainability risk modelling or the inclusion of sustainability factors in investment or remuneration policies. Adopting such rules in the current premature state risks that Europe will not be able to rely on the capital markets to finance the sustainability transformation as planned. Instead, regulators should focus on enhancing expertise on the side of intermediaries and supervisors alike. In particular, regulators should introduce smart regulation tools, such as sandboxes, innovation hubs, and waiver programmes benefiting early adopters of sustainable finance modelling/models, utilizing approaches developed in other fields of experimental financial regulation (in particular Fintech and RegTech).
Graphene-based strain sensing in composites for structural and health monitoring applications
Authors: Zitoun Akram , Fakis Dimitrios , Jayasree Nithin , Omairey Sadik , Oikonomidis Fokion , Stoeva Zlatka , Kazilas Mihalis 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Composite structures are attracting more interest due to their outstanding mechanical properties; thus, their inspection and health assessment are key items for their safe use. In this article we present a graphene-based sensor that evaluates the strain generated within a composite. A finite element model was developed to investigate the mechanism driving the graphene to act as a strain sensor. A prototype sensor was manufactured, using a commercially available graphene ink. The strain in composite samples was measured and the gauge factor identified by applying different load scenarios. The graphene sensor proved to be able to evaluate strain at various levels providing a gauge factor (exceeding 6) higher than commercially available strain gauges.

Article Highlights

Graphene ink can be used to design and develop strain sensing systems

Graphene strain sensors are printed directly on the material allowing great design flexibility. The sensors can either be applied on the surface of the composite material or embedded within the structure.

The measured gauge factor for the graphene strain sensor is higher that the commercial strain sensors.

The graphene strain sensors provided higher sensing capabilities compared to commercially available copper-based strain gauges.

The graphene sensor showed consistent results for different mechanical testing scenarios.

Graphical abstract
Of predators and new men: how ideology matters in constructing military masculinities
Authors: Kiefer Maximilian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is a growing literature on variations of military masculinities in armed groups which focuses mainly, but not exclusively, on Leftist guerrilla groups. Although these empirical studies deal with military masculinities in highly ideologized contexts, it remains theoretically and conceptually unclear how exactly ideology and masculinity constructions are interrelated. Drawing inspiration from civil war literature, I make the theoretical argument that ideology matters in the form of the military masculinity an armed group seeks to construct. I build on the concept of hegemonic masculinity, highlighting its practice-theoretical implications of which the notion of background knowledge is of particular interest. Here, I locate configurations of masculinity as well as ideology. Conceptualizing armed groups as total institutions, ideology, first, shapes the form of the institution and, secondly, is itself conveyed to combatants via socializing practices. It is via these same socialization processes that not only masculinities are carefully constructed but that these gender constructions are thoroughly shaped by ideological thought. My theoretical argument allows for a more nuanced explanation of ideology and military masculinities and, thus, further adds to broader Feminist debates about their variation. At the end, I illustrate the added value of my theoretical argument with empirical notes on the SalvadoranFrente Farabundo Martí de la Liberación Nacional(FMLN).
Ethical issues deriving from the delayed adoption of artificial intelligence in medical imaging
Authors: Placidi Giuseppe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMedical imaging (MI) has assumed a central role in medicine. Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized computer vision and it is also approaching to impact deeply MI. Fundamental ethical matters have raised and teams of experts around the world are involved in defining ethical borders for AI in MI. However, reading the extremely detailed proposals, it is clear that the treated ethical arguments have been completely redefined and specifically structured for AI in MI. Instead, many of them should be inherited from other technologies already in use in MI. The complete re-definition of ethical principles could produce contradictions and delays for AI adoption in MI, thus arising important ethical concerns. In this paper, potential ethical issues related to AI delay are presented: the objective is to contribute to reuse some concepts from other technologies to streamline the arguments and avoid these concerns.