bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar spectral management for natural photosynthesis: from photonics designs to potential applications
Authors: Shen Lihua , Yin Xiaobo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhotosynthesis is the most important biological process on Earth that converts solar energy to chemical energy (biomass) using sunlight as the sole energy source. The yield of photosynthesis is highly sensitive to the intensity and spectral components of light received by the photosynthetic organisms. Therefore, photon engineering has the potential to increase photosynthesis. Spectral conversion materials have been proposed for solar spectral management and widely investigated for photosynthesis by modifying the quality of light reaching the organisms since the 1990s. Such spectral conversion materials manage the photon spectrum of light by a photoconversion process, and a primary challenge faced by these materials is increasing their efficiencies. This review focuses on emerging spectral conversion materials for augmenting the photosynthesis of plants and microalgae, with a special emphasis on their fundamental design and potential applications in both greenhouse settings and microalgae cultivation systems. Finally, a discussion about the future perspectives in this field is made to overcome the remaining challenges.
Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the appendix with ganglioneuromatosis: a case report
Authors: Sato Ayami , Sato Yu , Hiruta Nobuyuki , Oshiro Takashi , Yoshida Yutaka , Urita Tasuku , Kitahara Tomoaki , Kadoya Kengo , Nabekura Taiki , Moriyama Yuki , Okazumi Shinichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary cancer of the appendix, especially signet-ring cell carcinoma, is an uncommon disease, and it is rarely suspected before surgery. Diffuse intestinal ganglioneuromatosis that is not associated with neurofibromatosis-1 or multiple endocrine neoplasia 2b is also rare. The most frequent symptoms caused by it are changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, and occlusive episodes.

Case presentation
The patient was a 48-year-old woman who had a month-long history of chronic abdominal pain, fullness, constipation, and diarrhoea. Enhanced computed tomography showed a 100-mm irregular swelling in the appendix and thickening of the appendiceal wall with cystic dilatation. Based on a preoperative diagnosis of appendiceal cancer, the patient underwent laparoscopic ileocecal resection with D3 lymph node dissection. Pathological diagnosis revealed a signet-ring cell carcinoma of the appendix with ganglioneuromatosis. The patient completed four courses of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPEOX) as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and 23-month postoperative outcome was noneventful without recurrence.

Conclusion
We report a signet-ring cell carcinoma of the appendix that was detected early because of its presence with ganglioneuromatosis.
Feasibility of the Transport PLUS intervention to improve the transitions of care for patients transported home by ambulance: a non-randomized pilot study
Authors: Munjal Kevin G. , Yeturu Sai Kaushik , Chapin Hugh H. , Tan Nadir , Gregoriou Diana , Garcia Daniela , Grudzen Corita , Hwang Ula , Morano Barbara , Neher Hayley , Gorbenko Ksenia , Youngblood Glen , Misra Anjali , Dietrich Staley , Gonzalez Cyndi , Appel Giselle , Jacobs Erica , Siu Albert , Richardson Lynne D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The growing population of patients over the age of 65 faces particular vulnerability following discharge after hospitalization or an emergency room visit. Specific areas of concern include a high risk for falls and poor comprehension of discharge instructions. Emergency medical technicians (EMTs), who frequently transport these patients home from the hospital, are uniquely positioned to aid in mitigating transition of care risks and are both trained and utilized to do so using the Transport PLUS intervention.

Methods
Existing literature and focus groups of various stakeholders were utilized to develop two checklists: the fall safety assessment (FSA) and the discharge comprehension assessment (DCA). EMTs were trained to administer the intervention to eligible patients in the geriatric population. Using data from the checklists, follow-up phone calls, and electronic health records, we measured the presence of hazards, removal of hazards, the presence of discharge comprehension issues, and correction or reinforcement of comprehension. These results were validated during home visits by community health workers (CHWs). Feasibility outcomes included patient acceptance of the Transport PLUS intervention and accuracy of the EMT assessment. Qualitative feedback via focus groups was also obtained. Clinical outcomes measured included 3-day and 30-day readmission or ED revisit.

Results
One-hundred three EMTs were trained to administer the intervention and participated in 439 patient encounters. The intervention was determined to be feasible, and patients were highly amenable to the intervention, as evidenced by a 92% and 74% acceptance rate of the DCA and FSA, respectively. The majority of patients also reported that they found the intervention helpful (90%) and self-reported removing 40% of fall hazards; 85% of such changes were validated by CHWs. Readmission/revisit rates are also reported.

Conclusions
The Transport PLUS intervention is a feasible, easily implemented tool in preventative community paramedicine with high levels of patient acceptance. Further study is merited to determine the effectiveness of the intervention in reducing rates of readmission or revisit. A randomized control trial has since begun utilizing the knowledge gained within this study.
Corporate governance looking back to look forward in Pakistan: a review, synthesis and future research agenda
Authors: Khan Sattar , Kamal Yasir , Hussain Shahid , Abbas Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe basic aim of this paper is to systematically review the corporate governance research trends in Pakistan and to give directions for future researchers in this field. The methodology adopted in this paper is “Systematic Literature Review,” 108 papers have been used from the period 2002–2020 along with 17 research theses in this study. The findings of this study show two trends in corporate governance research first one form 2008 to 2016 and the second one is from 2017 to 2020. The first trend shows that corporate governance (variables) is linked with traditional topics such as firm performance, dividend policy, capital structure, cost of capital and earnings management. The theory which is mostly used in the first corporate governance trend is the agency theory. In the second trend, corporate governance (variables) are linked with multiple issues while taking various theoretical perspectives such as risk taking, tunneling, CSR, investment portfolios, board-related issues, financial distress and much more. This paper has identified and filled the research gap by writing a comprehensive review paper of the prevailing corporate governance literature and has given directions for future researchers to consider it. To the best of researchers’ knowledge, this is the first study that has systematically reviewed and synthesized the corporate governance literature by adopting the systematic literature review methodology in Pakistan an emerging economy. It is an extensive effort for the purpose to encourage the interested researchers/scholars to add and expand their contributions to the corporate governance literature in Pakistan on the potentially identified areas of corporate governance.
Prognostic Role of Targeted Methylation Analysis in Paraffin-embedded Samples of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Lippert Juliane , Altieri Barbara , Morrison Breanna , Steinhauer Sonja , Smith Gabrielle , Lorey Antonia , Urlaub Hanna , Kircher Stefan , Sitch Alice , Fassnacht Martin , Ronchi Cristina L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Context
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare aggressive disease with heterogeneous prognoses. Previous studies identified hypermethylation in the promoter region of specific genes to be associated with poor clinical outcome.

Objective
Comparative analysis of promising hypermethylated genes as prognostic markers and evaluation of their added value to established clinical prognostic tools.

Design
We included 237 patients with ACCs. Tumor DNA was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Targeted pyrosequencing was used to detect promoter region methylation in 5 preselected genes (PAX5, GSTP1, PYCARD, PAX6, G0S2). The prognostic role of hypermethylation pattern was compared with the Stage, Grade, Resection status, Age, Symptoms (S-GRAS) score. Primary endpoints were progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS), with disease-free (DFS) as secondary endpoint.

Results
A total of 27.9%, 13.9%, 49%, 49%, and 25.3% of cases showed hypermethylation in PAX5, GSTP1, PYCARD, PAX6, and G0S2, respectively. Hypermethylation in all individual genes—except GSTP1—was significantly associated with both PFS and OS—with hazard ratios (HR) between 1.4 and 2.3. However, only hypermethylation of PAX5 remained significantly associated with OS (P = 0.013; HR = 1.95, 95% CI, 1.2-3.3) in multivariable analysis. A model for risk stratification was developed, combining PAX5 methylation status and S-GRAS groups, showing improved prognostic performance compared to S-GRAS alone (Harrell’s C index: OS = 0.751, PFS = 0.711, DFS = 0.688).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that hypermethylation in PAX5 is associated with worst clinical outcome in ACC, even after accounting for S-GRAS score. Assessing methylation in FFPE material is straightforward in the clinical setting and could be used to improve accuracy of prognostic classification, enabling the direction of personalized management.
Nrf2 dictates the neuronal survival and differentiation of embryonic zebrafish harboring compromised alanyl-tRNA synthetase
Authors: Jin Binbin , Xie Liqin , Zhan Dan , Zhou Luping , Feng Zhi , He Jiangyong , Qin Jie , Zhao Congjian , Luo Lingfei , Li Li 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
tRNA synthetase deficiency leads to unfolded protein responses in neuronal disorders; however, its function in embryonic neurogenesis remains unclear. This study identified an aars1cq71/cq71 mutant zebrafish allele that showed increased neuronal apoptosis and compromised neurogenesis. aars1 transcripts were highly expressed in primary neural progenitor cells, and their aberration resulted in protein overloading and activated Perk. nfe2l2b, a paralog of mammalian Nfe2l2, which encodes Nrf2, is a pivotal executor of Perk signaling that regulates neuronal phenotypes in aars1cq71/cq71 mutants. Interference of nfe2l2b in nfe2l2bΔ1/Δ1 mutants did not affect global larval development. However, aars1cq71/cq71;nfe2l2bΔ1/Δ1 mutant embryos exhibited increased neuronal cell survival and neurogenesis compared with their aars1cq71/cq71 siblings. nfe2l2b was harnessed by Perk at two levels. Its transcript was regulated by Chop, an implementer of Perk. It was also phosphorylated by Perk. Both pathways synergistically assured the nuclear functions of nfe2l2b to control cell survival by targeting p53. Our study extends the understanding of tRNA synthetase in neurogenesis and implies that Nrf2 is a cue to mitigate neurodegenerative pathogenesis.
Fate mapping melanoma persister cells through regression and into recurrent disease in adult zebrafish
Authors: Travnickova Jana , Muise Sarah , Wojciechowska Sonia , Brombin Alessandro , Zeng Zhiqiang , Young Adelaide I. J. , Wyatt Cameron , Patton E. Elizabeth 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Melanoma heterogeneity and plasticity underlie therapy resistance. Some tumour cells possess innate resistance, while others reprogramme during drug exposure and survive to form persister cells, a source of potential cancer cells for recurrent disease. Tracing individual melanoma cell populations through tumour regression and into recurrent disease remains largely unexplored, in part, because complex animal models are required for live imaging of cell populations over time. Here, we applied tamoxifen-inducible creERt2/loxP lineage tracing to a zebrafish model of MITF-dependent melanoma regression and recurrence to image and trace cell populations in vivo through disease stages. Using this strategy, we show that melanoma persister cells at the minimal residual disease site originate from the primary tumour. Next, we fate mapped rare MITF-independent persister cells and demonstrate that these cells directly contribute to progressive disease. Multiplex immunohistochemistry confirmed that MITF-independent persister cells give rise to Mitfa+ cells in recurrent disease. Taken together, our work reveals a direct contribution of persister cell populations to recurrent disease, and provides a resource for lineage-tracing methodology in adult zebrafish cancer models.
Modest increase of KIF11 expression exposes fragilities in the mitotic spindle, causing chromosomal instability
Authors: Dale Katie L. , Armond Jonathan W. , Hynds Robert E. , Vladimirou Elina 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Chromosomal instability (CIN), the process of increased chromosomal alterations, compromises genomic integrity and has profound consequences on human health. Yet, our understanding of the molecular and mechanistic basis of CIN initiation remains limited. We developed a high-throughput, single-cell, image-based pipeline employing deep-learning and spot-counting models to detect CIN by automatically counting chromosomes and micronuclei. To identify CIN-initiating conditions, we used CRISPR activation in human diploid cells to upregulate, at physiologically relevant levels, 14 genes that are functionally important in cancer. We found that upregulation of CCND1, FOXA1 and NEK2 resulted in pronounced changes in chromosome counts, and KIF11 upregulation resulted in micronuclei formation. We identified KIF11-dependent fragilities within the mitotic spindle; increased levels of KIF11 caused centrosome fragmentation, higher microtubule stability, lagging chromosomes or mitotic catastrophe. Our findings demonstrate that even modest changes in the average expression of single genes in a karyotypically stable background are sufficient for initiating CIN by exposing fragilities of the mitotic spindle, which can lead to a genomically diverse cell population.
The role of neuropeptides in regulating ecdysis and reproduction in the hemimetabolous insect Rhodnius prolixus
Authors: Sterkel Marcos , Volonté Mariano , Albornoz Maximiliano G. , Wulff Juan Pedro , Sánchez Mariana del Huerto , Terán Paula María , Ajmat María Teresa , Ons Sheila 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
In ecdysozoan animals, moulting entails the production of a new exoskeleton and shedding of the old one during ecdysis. It is induced by a pulse of ecdysone that regulates the expression of different hormonal receptors and activates a peptide-mediated signalling cascade. In Holometabola, the peptidergic cascade regulating ecdysis has been well described. However, very little functional information regarding the neuroendocrine regulation of ecdysis is available for Hemimetabola, which display an incomplete metamorphosis. We use Rhodnius prolixus as a convenient experimental model to test two hypotheses: (1) the role of neuropeptides that regulate ecdysis in Holometabola is conserved in hemimetabolous insects; and (2) the neuropeptides regulating ecdysis play a role in the regulation of female reproduction during the adult stage. The RNA interference-mediated reduction of ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) mRNA levels in fourth-instar nymphs resulted in lethality at the expected time of ecdysis. Unlike in holometabolous insects, knockdown of eth and orcokinin isoform A (oka) did not affect oviposition in adult females, pointing to a different endocrine regulation of ovary maturation. However, eth knockdown prevented egg hatching. The blockage of egg hatching appears to be a consequence of embryonic ecdysis failure. Most of the first-instar nymphs hatched from the eggs laid by females injected with dsRNA for eclosion hormone (dsEH), crustacean cardioactive peptide (dsCCAP) and dsOKA died at the expected time of ecdysis, indicating the crucial involvement of these genes in post-embryonic development. No phenotypes were observed upon corazonin (cz) knockdown in nymphs or adult females. The results are relevant for evolutionary entomology and could reveal targets for neuropeptide-based pest control tools.
One-step curing process of conductive paste based on a UV pulse laser for a frequency selective surface
Authors: Han Yunlong , Xue Fei , Zhang Pin , Xiao Juanlu 
Published: August 2022

A frequency selective surface (FSS) is a two-dimensional periodic array structure, in which a common structure is composed of conductive paste and metal film. An ultraviolet (UV) pulse-laser-induced curing of conductive paste towards FSS was used to simultaneously realize the efficient curing of conductive paste and the removal of surplus materials. Through simple defocus control of the UV pulse laser when irradiating the workpiece, this technology was capable of reducing the energy density and increasing the irradiation range, thus preventing the conductive paste from being ablated and achieving efficient curing. In this context, the curing process of UV curable conductive paste was systematically studied through the Ohmic resistance and bonding force of the cured conductive paste. The curing effects of various conductive paste thicknesses and different laser scanning times at a certain laser scanning speed were also analyzed. The results showed that, after a controllable defocusing treatment, the UV pulse laser could effectively solidify the conductive paste and realize the electrical connection of materials on both sides of the pattern. The peel strength of the conductive paste was greater than 7.1 N/cm. However, the pulse laser curing method needs a longer curing time when compared with the continuous UV curing method.
Double U-groove temperature and refractive index photonic crystal fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Zhao Qianhe , Liu Jin , Yang Haima , Liu Haishan , Zeng Guohui , Huang Bo , Jia Jun 
Published: August 2022

Based on double U-groove photonic crystal fiber (PCF), a surface plasmon resonance sensor with dual parametric detection of temperature and refractive index is proposed. The birefringence of PCF is increased by using germanium ions doped in the core and introducing U-shaped notches on both sides of the D-shaped fiber. The polished surface of the PCF is coated with gold film and PDMS as a temperature sensing channel, and the U-shaped groove is coated with gold film as a refractive index sensing channel. Through the design of the sensor, it is finally possible to achieve independent measurement of the two parameters. The sensor has a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 4715 nm/RIU in the analyte refractive index range of 1.32–1.4, and maximum wavelength sensitivity of 18 nm/°C in the ambient temperature range of

−

30
∘

C

−

50
∘

C

. The proposed sensor has broad application prospects in scenarios such as blood analysis, DNA hybridization analysis, and microenvironmental cell interactions.
Analyzing and measuring the diode laser’s linewidth affected by the driving current’s white noise
Authors: Lu Feifei , Hou Xiaokai , Wang Xin , Guo Miao , Chang Rui , He Jun , Wang Junmin 
Published: August 2022

It is important to study the effect of injection current’s noise on the diode laser’s linewidth. In this paper, the effect of the white noise applied to the injection current on the linewidth of diode laser is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Theoretically, by adding the non-Markov noise term into the Langevin equation, the output laser’s linewidth of the diode laser with the white noise current is obtained. In experiment, an optical Fabry–Perot (F–P) cavity with a linewidth of

∼

1.83

M
H
z

and a finesse of

∼

136

is employed to measure a 1560.5 nm distributed-feedback (DFB)-type diode laser’s linewidth. With an increase of the white noise intensity, the laser linewidth is broadened from

∼

2

to

∼

60

M
H
z

gradually, and the line shape is characterized evolving from Lorentzian function to Gaussian function. At the same level of white noise intensity, the laser linewidth decreases with increase of the injection current. The accuracy of our measurements is verified based on the fiber-delayed and acousto-optic modulator (AOM)-shifted self-heterodyne scheme and the optical F–P cavity linewidth measurement method. The 1560.5 nm laser is boosted by using an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and is frequency doubled to 780.25 nm by a fiber-pigtailed, single-pass PPMgO:LN waveguide module, and the laser linewidth is visually observed and verified by broadening of the saturated absorption spectra of rubidium atoms. Clearly this linewidth manipulation method of diode lasers based on broadband white noise current coupling can be extended to other wavelength diode lasers and can be applied to laser measurement, laser communication, and other fields for different requirements.
Realization of efficient 3D tapered waveguide-to-fiber couplers on a nanophotonic circuit
Authors: Chang Tzu-Han , Zhou Xinchao , Tamura Hikaru , Hung Chen-Lung 
Published: August 2022

We report the realization of efficiently coupled 3D tapered waveguide-to-fiber couplers (TWCs) based on standard lithography techniques. The 3D TWC design is capable of achieving highly efficient flat-cleaved fiber to silicon nitride photonic waveguide coupling, with T ≈ 95 % polarization-insensitive coupling efficiency, wide bandwidth, and good misalignment tolerance. Our fabricated 3D TWCs on a functional nanophotonic circuit achieve T ≈ 85% coupling efficiency. Beyond applications in high-efficiency photon coupling, the demonstrated 3D lithography technique provides a complementary approach for mode field shaping and effective refractive index engineering, potentially useful for general applications in integrated photonic circuits.