bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiography, CT‐angiography and post‐mortem findings in a foal with a congenital type 3 vascular ring anomaly
Authors: Moioli Melania , Amphimaque Bénédicte , Wyler Michelle , Kaiponen Taina Susanna , Gurtner Corinne , Unger Lucia 
Published: November 2022

SummaryCongenital vascular ring anomalies (VRA) have been occasionally described in horses. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report providing radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of a congenital type 3 persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) in a foal. A 1.5 months old Franches‐Montagnes colt was presented for growth retardation with a history of mild intermittent bilateral nasal discharge occasionally containing milk and coughing since birth. Thoracic radiographs and ultrasound, oesophagoscopy, positive contrast oesophagography and CT angiography were performed. A final diagnosis of persistent right fourth aortic arch, with left ligamentum arteriosum and aberrant left subclavian artery (type 3 VRA) and subsequent aspiration pneumonia was achieved. Due to the poor physical condition, the presence of severe aspiration pneumonia and most importantly the lack of a surgical option for a type 3 VRA, the colt was euthanised and the post‐mortem examination confirmed the oesophagography and CT angiography findings.
Chemsex in HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis users: Assessment of mood disorders and addictive behavior
Authors: Peyriere Hélène , Jacquet Jean‐Marc , Peries Marianne , Tribout Vincent , Broche Béatrice , Mauboussin Jean‐Marc , Makinson Alain , Perrollaz Cyril , Ferreyra Milagros , Rouanet Isabelle , Montoya‐Ferrer Ana , El‐Majjaoui Said , Corriol‐Bonifas Florence , Fraisse Thibaut , Grau Fanny , Laureillard Didier , Nagot Nicolas , Reynes Jacques , Donnadieu‐Rigole Hélène 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe assessment of mood disorders and addiction linked to the practice of chemsex is of interest given the psychoactive substances used. The aim of this study was to assess risky sexual and addictive behavior to chemsex and related anxiety/depression symptoms in individuals receiving HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In this cross‐sectional study, all adults presenting for PrEP renewal at French sexual health centers were enrolled from January 2018 to March 2019. Participants completed a questionnaire on chemsex (i.e., the use of psychoactive substances before/during sex), including adapted Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) to chemsex addiction (questions of ASSIST were modified to focus on chemsex). Anxiety/depression was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. In the last 3 months before enrollment, 39.8% (94/236) of participants reported chemsex. The main psychoactive substances consumed during chemsex were cathinones (74.6%), gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (66.3%), and other psychostimulants (60%). The median score of the chemsex‐focused ASSIST was 8 [IQR25–75: 3–15]; 72.2% of participants had a score justifying at least a brief intervention (>4). In multivariate analyses, anxiety and cathinones consumption were associated with an ASSIST score >4: OR 13.65 (95%CI 1.68–662.7), P = 0.0062, and OR 8.468 (95%CI 2.066–43.059), P = 0.0014, respectively. The level of addiction to the practice of chemsex can be difficult to estimate for the user, and the ASSIST makes it possible to evaluate this addiction and to direct the subjects toward specialized consultations of addictology, sexual health, or PrEP renewals. The implementation of the modified ASSIST in these consultations can allow early systematic screening and counseling.
Declining Amazon biomass due to deforestation and subsequent degradation losses exceeding gains
Authors: Fawcett Dominic , Sitch Stephen , Ciais Philippe , Wigneron Jean Pierre , Silva‐Junior Celso H. L. , Heinrich Viola , Vancutsem Christelle , Achard Frédéric , Bastos Ana , Yang Hui , Li Xiaojun , Albergel Clément , Friedlingstein Pierre , Aragão Luiz E. O. C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the Amazon, deforestation and climate change lead to increased vulnerability to forest degradation, threatening its existing carbon stocks and its capacity as a carbon sink. We use satellite L‐Band Vegetation Optical Depth (L‐VOD) data that provide an integrated (top‐down) estimate of biomass carbon to track changes over 2011–2019. Because the spatial resolution of L‐VOD is coarse (0.25°), it allows limited attribution of the observed changes. We therefore combined high‐resolution annual maps of forest cover and disturbances with biomass maps to model carbon losses (bottom‐up) from deforestation and degradation, and gains from regrowing secondary forests. We show an increase of deforestation and associated degradation losses since 2012 which greatly outweigh secondary forest gains. Degradation accounted for 40% of gross losses. After an increase in 2011, old‐growth forests show a net loss of above‐ground carbon between 2012 and 2019. The sum of component carbon fluxes in our model is consistent with the total biomass change from L‐VOD of 1.3 Pg C over 2012‐2019. Across nine Amazon countries, we found that while Brazil contains the majority of biomass stocks (64%), its losses from disturbances were disproportionately high (79% of gross losses). Our multi‐source analysis provides a pessimistic assessment of the Amazon carbon balance and highlights the urgent need to stop the recent rise of deforestation and degradation, particularly in the Brazilian Amazon.
Co‐creation of information materials within the assent process: From theory to practice
Authors: Fons‐Martinez Jaime , Ferrer‐Albero Cristina , Diez‐Domingo Javier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe informed consent process is key to safeguarding the autonomy of the participant in medical research. For this process to be valid, the information presented to the potential participant should meet their needs and be understood by them. The i‐CONSENT project has developed ‘Guidelines for adapting the informed consent process in clinical trials’ which aim to improve informed consent so that they are easier to understand and better adapted to the needs and preferences of the target population. The best way to tailor information to the characteristics and preferences of the target population is to involve the community itself.MethodsFollowing guidelines developed by i‐CONSENT, assent materials were co‐created for a mock clinical trial of the human papillomavirus vaccine in adolescents. During the process, two design thinking sessions were conducted involving a total of 10 children and 5 parents. The objectives of the sessions were to find out the children's opinion of the informed consent (assent in their case) process in clinical trials, identify the parts that were most difficult to understand and alternatives for their presentation and wording, identify the preferred formats for receiving the information and the main characteristics of these formats, design a video explaining the clinical trial and evaluate a tool for assessing comprehension.ResultsAssent materials were co‐created in three formats: a web‐based material following a layered approach; a video in story format; a pdf document with an innovative way of presenting information compared to traditional assent documents. In addition, the Comprehension of Assent Questionnaire was co‐designed, based on the Quality of Informed Consent questionnaire.ConclusionThe design thinking methodology has proven to be an easy and useful tool for involving children in designing information tailored to their needs and preferences.Patient or Public ContributionA sample of the target population participated in the design and piloting of the materials created using design thinking methodology. In addition, patient representatives participated in the design and evaluation of the guidelines developed by the i‐CONSENT project that were followed for the development of the materials in this study.
Butterfly diversity, richness, and density patterns in Sierra Nevada (SE Spain): Conservation implications under a global change scenario
Authors: Barea‐Azcón José Miguel , Pérez‐Luque Antonio Jesús , Olivares Francisco Javier , Guerrero Mariano , Galiana‐García Miguel , Chaves María Dolores , Olvera Miguel , Munguira Miguel L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Understanding factors that regulate the patterns of diversity, richness, and density of organisms is of enormous importance to manage biodiversity in a global change context.
We investigate the importance of environmental factors in regulating the patterns of diversity, richness, and density of diurnal butterflies in the Sierra Nevada mountain range (SE Spain).
Diversity, richness, and density seem to be strongly correlated, being mainly defined by land‐use and topographic‐related variables. The sites with the highest values correspond to areas of dense scrubland, near patches of forest, oriented to the west and with a high rate of solar radiation but not excessively exposed from the topographical point of view. Topographic wetness index seems to be also important but with a positive relation in the case of density and negative in the case of diversity and richness.
Our results show a pattern of mid‐elevation maxima, with highest values between 1600 and 2000 masl and lower in the summits and the piedmont (<1400 masl). This brings us the possibility to identify a series of areas of high value for the conservation of butterflies in this protected area, with important applications towards the conservation and management of this group of insects.
Finally, a series of management recommendations to improve the conservation status of the butterfly communities in the Sierra Nevada protected area are inferred. One of the main recommendations is based on the maintenance of spatial heterogeneity, taking into account traditional land uses that enhance biodiversity.
Outcome of selective root canal retreatment—A retrospective study
Authors: Brochado Martins João Filipe , Guerreiro Viegas Olavo , Cristescu Roberto , Diogo Patrícia , Shemesh Hagay 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimSelective root canal retreatment is when the treatment is limited to root(s) with radiographic evidence of periapical pathosis. The goals of this retrospective study were as follows: (i) evaluate the clinical and radiographic (periapical radiographs [PR] or cone‐beam computerized tomographs [CBCT]) outcome of selective root canal retreatment after ≥12 months follow‐up; (ii) evaluate the periapical status of the unretreated roots; and (iii) assess tooth survival.MethodologyA retrospective study (January 2018 to April 2021) was conducted to identify permanent multirooted teeth that underwent selective root canal retreatment. Clinical records, PR and CBCT were examined to ascertain variables of interest. Outcomes (per root and per tooth) were classified into ‘favourable’ or ‘unfavourable’ using well‐established clinical and radiographic healing criteria. Treatment outcomes for the whole tooth and per root were compared as well as bivariate associations between the treatment outcome of the retreated roots and the treatment‐related parameters (quality of root filling, sealer extrusion, iatrogenic mishaps and type of restoration) were analysed using Fisher's exact test (α = .05). Survival was recorded in months.ResultsA total of 75 teeth (195 roots) in 75 subjects were available for outcome analysis. The favourable outcome per tooth was 86.7%. At follow‐up, 92.6% of the retreated roots had a favourable outcome. From the unretreated roots, 3.5% showed radiographic signs of an emerging periapical lesion. No statistical difference was shown between the outcomes per root and per tooth between both groups. None of the treatment‐related parameters had a direct influence on the outcome of the retreated roots. The survival rate at 12–48 months after retreatment was 91.5%.ConclusionsSelective root canal retreatment is associated with a favourable outcome in a majority of cases. Unretreated roots rarely developed radiographic signs of a new periapical lesion at follow‐up. Future high‐quality clinical trials with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up periods are required to confirm these findings.
Design of spark plasma sintering parameters and preparation of Al2O3/TiB2/TiC micro–nano composite ceramic tool material
Authors: Wang Dong , Bai Yifan , Qiu Bo , Yu Hongtao , Li Zhibao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA microstructure evolution model for the ceramic materials was constructed, and the spark plasma sintering parameters were optimized using the model to shorten the designing period and reduce the consumption of the material. Based on the optimized sintering parameters, the ceramic tool material with a composition of Al2O3, TiB2, and TiC proved to be a success. It verified that the materials prepared under the optimized sintering parameters exhibited excellent mechanical properties. The results showed when sintered at 1600°C, under the pressure of 40 MPa and with the holding period of 7 min, the materials with 70% Al2O3, 20% TiB2, and 10% nano‐TiC possess the relatively best performance, with the hardness, fracture toughness, and flexure strength being 20.3 GPa, 10.5 MPa/m2, and 839.5 MPa, respectively.
Evaluation of nuclear transmutation effects due to beta decay on borosilicate glasses
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhu Shikun , Chen Xu , Mao Jiangjiang , Lv Peng , Peng Haibo , Wang Tieshan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the study of deep geological disposal of high‐level radioactive waste (HLW), beta decay has been widely studied, whereas the nuclear transmutation effects due to beta decay on vitrification are generally neglected. In this work, a series of sodium borosilicate glasses doped with cesium was fabricated. The nuclear transmutation due to beta decay evolving with the deposited time was simulated by substituting for cesium with barium. The macroscopic properties of the glasses, including density, hardness, and Young's modulus, were measured using the Archimedes (buoyancy) method and nanoindentation, respectively. The microscopic structures of the glasses were characterized by grazing incident X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The nuclear transmutation effects were significant. With the substitution of barium for cesium, the density, hardness, and modulus of the glasses increased and eventually tended to saturation. A decrease of [BO3] units and an increase of [BO4] units were observed in the infrared spectra and NMR spectra. In addition, the results were systematically compared to previous strontium‐doping work in order to evaluate nuclear transmutation effects due to beta decay on vitrification in HLW comprehensively. The comparison demonstrated that the nuclear transmutation effect of cesium is completely opposite to that of strontium. The research is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding on the nuclear transmutation effects due to beta decay in HLW on vitrification.
Virgin coconut and mustard oleogels as affected by beeswax and candelilla wax: functional, textural, rheological and morphological characteristics
Authors: Sharma Savita , Parmar Vijaya , Sharma Rajan , Singh Baljit 
Published: November 2022

SummaryEdible oleogels were developed using two oleogelators (beeswax and candelilla wax), at different concentrations of 6%, 9% and 12% w/w in virgin coconut and mustard oils using the direct dispersion method to study the techno‐functional characteristics. The different parameters including oil loss, temperature sweep tests, texture profiles and FT‐IR analysis demonstrated the formation of well‐structured oleogels with improved stability upon an increase in oleogelator concentrations. Crystal pattern exhibited by confocal scanning microscopy was majorly affected by the function of chemically distinct oils, more than the different oleogelators employed. It was found that the increase in smoke point was directly proportional to the level of oleogelator concentration in the oleogels, making them a suitable medium for frying. Intriguingly, on the basis of distinctive features, candelilla‐based oleogels were firmer with better and more stable crystals than beeswax‐based oleogels at the same level of concentration in both oils.
Remarriage migration of women in Asia: The case of Japan
Authors: Ishii Sari K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to confirm the diversity of intra‐Asian female marriage migrants in Japan with comprehensive statistics. Methodologically, I used quantitative method, collecting appropriate data from local demographic and immigration statistics in Japan. Simultaneously, I reviewed related empirical studies on the various factors affecting marriage migration, including those written in the local language (Japanese). Results indicate that 42.9 per cent of intra‐Asian female marriage migrants in Japan were middle‐aged women whose marriages to Japanese men were their second. Beyond a simple development–migration nexus perspective on marriage migration in Asia, middle‐aged women entering Japan for their second marriage often aim to escape social stigmatization and poverty and to overcome the difficulties of marrying late or remarrying in their own countries. A more complex intersectionality of gender–class–age stigmatization should be considered to understand marriage migration. The findings have important policy implications for both origin and destination countries.
Which social contacts with natives matter? Attitudes towards gender roles of Muslim immigrants and their children in Western Europe
Authors: Ng Ka U. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSocial contacts with mainstream individuals play a central role in acculturation. Yet, research has paid little attention to examining whether social contact with natives is linked to egalitarian gender role attitudes among Muslim immigrants and their children. Using a unique data set including 4584 Muslim immigrants and the second generation in six western European countries (EURISLAM), the study investigates whether public‐ and private‐sphere social contacts with natives are associated with attitudes towards women's employment and men's domestic roles. The findings show that immigrants and their children who report stronger private‐sphere social ties, that is native friends and family members, hold more egalitarian attitudes towards women's employment and men's domestic roles. However, public‐sphere social contacts (at the workplace and in the neighbourhood) are not associated with these attitudes. These results support theories stating that private‐sphere social contact with natives is important in gender role ideology acculturation among Muslim families.
The impact of social capital on successful ageing of empty nesters: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chang Hui , Zhou Jia , Wang Zhiwen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the impact of social capital on successful ageing among empty nesters in China.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe data for this study came from the survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018. Overall, 6098 empty nesters aged 60 years and over were included. Successful ageing was defined according to Rowe and Kahn's model. Social capital includes social trust, social support, reciprocity and social networks. Multivariable logistic regression and a classification and regression tree model were applied to estimate the impact of social capital on successful ageing. For this study, we followed the Reporting of Studies Conducted Using Observational Routinely Collected Health Data (RECORD) reporting guidelines, an extension of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.ResultsThe successful ageing rate of empty nesters in China was 9.2%. Empty nesters who had a higher level of reciprocal behaviour and caregiving support in several dimensions of social capital and who were members of organizations in their social networks have had higher odds of achieving successful ageing. We also observed interactions with social capital associated with successful ageing, suggesting that special attention should be given to empty nesters who are less educated, have no caregiving support, live in rural areas, have worse self‐rated health, are older, do not have reciprocal behaviours and are unmarried.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that social capital, especially in terms of reciprocity, caregiving support and organizational membership in a social network, can contribute to the achievement of successful ageing among empty nesters.ImpactThis study confirms the impact of social capital on the successful ageing of empty nesters for the first time and provides new ideas for state, community and health care workers to address ageing issues.No Patient or Public ContributionBecause of the public database data used in this study, all data were collected by survey agency personnel, so this section is not applicable to this study.
The effects of FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism on the association between breast cancer and dietary intake
Authors: Doaei Saeid , Abdollahi Sepideh , Mohseni Golsa Khalatbari , Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Akbari Mohammad Esmail , Poorhosseini Seyed Mohammad , Bagheri Seyedeh Elaheh , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Tabesh Ghasem Azizi , Moslem Alireza , Hasanpour Ardekanizadeh Naeemeh , Omidi Saeed , Hekmatdoost Azita , Alam Rajabi Mahdi , Mosavi Jarrahi Seyed Alireza , Goodarzi Mark O. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in females worldwide and is related to genetic and environmental factors. Dietary components may strongly influence the risk of BC. A possible association was also reported between the fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and BC. This study aimed to investigate the impact of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism on the association between BC and dietary intake. This study was conducted on 180 women with BC as the case group and 360 healthy women as the control group. The dietary intakes were assessed by a valid 168‐item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The FTO gene was genotyped for rs9939609 polymorphism. After adjusting the confounding variables, there was no significant association between dietary intake and BC in individuals without risk allele. A positive association between dietary intake of omega‐6 fatty acids and BC was found only in individuals with risk allele of FTO gene (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.08–1.60, p: 0.006). FTO gene risk allele may influence the effect of diet on breast cancer risk. Further studies are needed to assess the possible effects of the FTO genotype on the association between BC risk and dietary components.