bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast water–fat separation using deep learning–based single‐shot MRI
Authors: Chen Xinran , Wang Wei , Huang Jianpan , Wu Jian , Chen Lin , Cai Congbo , Cai Shuhui , Chen Zhong 
Published: January 2022

PurposeTo present a deep learning–based reconstruction method for spatiotemporally encoded single‐shot MRI to simultaneously obtain water and fat images.MethodsSpatiotemporally encoded MRI is an ultrafast branch that can encode chemical shift information due to its special quadratic phase modulation. A deep learning approach using a 2D U‐Net was proposed to reconstruct spatiotemporally encoded signal and obtain water and fat images simultaneously. The training data for U‐Net were generated by MRiLab software (version 1.3) with various synthetic models. Numerical simulations and experiments on ex vivo pork and in vivo rats at a 7.0 T Varian MRI system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) were performed, and the deep learning results were compared with those obtained by state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. The structural similarity index and signal‐to‐ghost ratio were used to evaluate the residual artifact of different reconstruction methods.ResultsWith a well‐trained neural network, the proposed deep learning approach can accomplish signal reconstruction within 0.46 s on a personal computer, which is comparable with the conjugate gradient method (0.41 s) and much faster than the state‐of‐the‐art super‐resolved water‐fat image reconstruction method (30.31 s). The results of numerical simulations, ex vivo pork experiments, and in vivo rat experiments demonstrate that the deep learning approach can achieve better fidelity and higher spatial resolution compared to the other 2 methods. The deep learning approach also has a great advantage in artifact suppression, as indicated by the signal‐to‐ghost ratio results.ConclusionSpatiotemporally encoded MRI with deep learning can provide ultrafast water–fat separation with better performance compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Effect of magnetic field on the mixed convection in double lid‐driven porous cavities filled with micropolar nanofluids
Authors: Ahmed Sameh E. , Hussein Ahmed Kadhim , Mansour M. A. , Afrand Masoud , Morsy Zeinab , Kolsi Lioua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effect of magnetic field inclination and double lid‐driven on the mixed convection in a square cavity is investigated based on the local thermal non‐equilibrium model. The cavity was filled with a copper–water micropolar nanofluid saturated with a porous medium. The top and bottom walls are considered moving to the left or right directions at a constant velocity. In the current work, the ranges of parameters are as follow: Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 50), length of the heat source (0.2 ≤ ≤ 0.8), Richardson number (0 ≤ ≤ 10), Reynolds number (0 ≤ ≤ 100), location of the heat source (0.3 ≤ D ≤ 0.7), vortex to molecular viscosity ratio (0 ≤ ≤ 2), Nield number (1 ≤ ≤ 100) and solid volume fraction (0 ≤ ≤ 0.1). It was found that the heat transfer decreases as the dimensionless heat source location and the Nield number increase. Also, the growing in the Nield number enhances the rate of the heat transfer for the porous phase and increases the thermal equilibrium state of the system.
Thermal degradation behavior and structures of thermoplastic cassava starch/sisal fiber composites
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Liao Liangyan , Xiong Junmei , Liang Zesheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe thermoplastic cassava starch (TPS)/sisal fiber (SF) composites were prepared by melt blending. The effects of SF content and its surface treated by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and silane coupling agent (KH550) on the thermal degradation behavior and structures of TPS were investigated by thermogravimetric‐mass spectrometry (TG‐MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The thermal decomposition temperatures of TPS/SF composites increase with the SF content. The thermal decomposition products of TPS/SF composites are mainly methane, H2O, acetylene, formaldehyde, methanol and CO2. The thermal stability of composites containing SF treated by NaOH is better than that of KH550. TPS/SF composites show A + V types crystal, and the sample containing SF treated by NaOH has the highest V type crystal. The experimental results reveal that the content and the surface of SF play an important role in the thermal stability and structures changes of TPS/SF composites.
Exploring correlations between MS and NMR for compound identification using essential oils: A pilot study
Authors: Borges Ricardo Moreira , Resende João Victor Mendes , Pinto Açucena Pucu , Garrido Bruno Carius 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn this era of ‘omics’ technology in natural products studies, the complementary aspects of mass spectrometry (MS)‐ and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based techniques must be taken into consideration. The advantages of using both analytical platforms are reflected in a higher confidence of results especially when using replicated samples where correlation approaches can be used to statistically link results from MS to NMR.ObjectivesDemonstrate the use of Statistical Total Correlation (STOCSY) for linking results from MS and NMR data to reach higher confidence in compound identification.MethodologyEssential oil samples of Melaleuca alternifolia and M. rhaphiophylla (Myrtaceae) were used as test objects. Aliquots of 10 samples were collected for GC–MS and NMR data acquisition [proton (1H)‐NMR, and carbon‐13 (13C)‐NMR as well as two‐dimensional (2D) heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple‐bond correlation (HMBC), and HSQC‐total correlated spectroscopy (TOCSY) NMR]. The processed data was imported to Matlab where STOCSY was applied.ResultsSTOCSY calculations led to the confirmation of the four main constituents of the sample‐set. The identification of each was accomplished using; MS spectra, retention time comparison, 13C‐NMR data, and scalar correlations of the 2D NMR spectra.ConclusionThis study provides a pipeline for high confidence in compound identification using a set of essential oils samples as test objects for demonstration.
Organic/silicon nanowires hybrid solar cells using isobutyltriethoxysilane incorporated poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) as hole transport layer
Authors: Shen Rongzong , Sun Zongheng , Zhou Yurong , Shi Yanbin , Shang Jiacheng , Chen Hu , Zhou Yuqin , Liu Fengzhen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHybrid heterojunction solar cells (HHSCs) using c‐Si nanowires (SiNWs) as the absorber and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the hole selective transport layer (HTL) have been drawing more and more attention due to low cost process as well as high power conversion efficiencies (PCE). However, strong hygroscopicity of the PEDOT:PSS film causes serious degradation of the HHSCs. To improve the stability of the HHSCs, a kind of silane impregnating agent, isobutyltriethoxysilane (IBTEO), was selected as the additive to be added in the PEDOT:PSS solution. The hydrophobicity of the PEDOT:PSS film is much improved by formation of the hydrophobic silicone. The contact area between PEDOT:PSS and SiNWs is dramatically enlarged and more stable Si‐O‐Si bonds were formed at the PEDOT:PSS/SiNWs interface. As a result, the performance and stability of the HHSCs have been significantly improved. A PCE of 18.2% and a FF of 80.5% were obtained for a champion full solution processed PEDOT:PSS/SiNWs HHSC with 1 vol% IBTEO addition. The PCE remains 78% of the initial value after exposed 300 h in the air for the sample with IBTEO added in the PEDOT:PSS solution, while only 7% left for the control device without IBTEO addition.
Iron deficiency in athletes: A narrative review
Authors: Kuwabara Anne M. , Tenforde Adam S. , Finnoff Jonathan T. , Fredericson Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIron deficiency is a concern for athletes due to potential for performance impairments attributed to lower iron status with, or without, accompanying anemia. Despite the high interest in the topic for endurance athletes and medical providers who care for this population, the evaluation and management of athletes with iron deficiency is still evolving, particularly in relation to iron deficiency non‐anemia (IDNA). This narrative review presents causes of iron deficiency in the athlete, clinical presentation, differential diagnoses, diagnostic evaluation, and proposed strategies for treatment.
Development of a nomogram combining multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and PSA‐related parameters to enhance the detection of clinically significant cancer across different region
Authors: Zhou Zhien , Liang Zhen , Zuo Yuzhi , Zhou Yi , Yan Weigang , Wu Xingcheng , Ji Zhigang , Li Hanzhong , Hu Mengyao , Ma Lin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveProstate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer among males. This study attempted to develop a clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) risk nomogram including Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) score and other clinical indexes for initial prostate biopsy in light of the different prostate regions, and internal validation was further conducted.Patients and MethodsA retrospective study was performed including 688 patients who underwent ultrasound‐guided transperineal magnetic resonance imaging fusion prostate biopsy from December 2016 to July 2019. We constructed nomograms combining PI‐RADS score and clinical variables (prostate‐specific antigen [PSA], prostate volume (PV), age, free/total PSA, and PSA density) through univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify patients eligible for biopsy. The performance of the predictive model was evaluated by bootstrap resampling. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was appointed to quantify the accuracy of the primary nomogram model for csPCa. Calibration curves were used to assess the agreement between the biopsy specimen and the predicted probability of the new nomogram. The χ2 test was also applied to evaluate the heterogeneity between fusion biopsy and systematic biopsy based on different PI‐RADS scores and prostate regions.ResultsA total of 320 of 688 included patients were diagnosed with csPCa. csPCa was defined as Gleason score ≥7. The ROC and concordance‐index both presented good performance. The nomogram reached an AUC of 0.867 for predicting csPCa at the peripheral zone; meanwhile, AUC for transitional and apex zones were 0.889 and 0.757, respectively. Statistical significance was detected between fusion biopsy and systematic biopsy for PI‐RADS score >3 lesions and lesions at the peripheral and transitional zones.ConclusionWe produced a novel nomogram predicting csPCa in patients with suspected imaging according to different locations. Our results indicated that PI‐RADS score combined with other clinical parameters showed a robust predictive capacity for csPCa before prostate biopsy. The new nomogram, which incorporates prebiopsy data including PSA, PV, age, and PI‐RADS score, can be helpful for clinical decision‐making to avoid unnecessary biopsy.
Association between HLA‐B and HLA‐DRB1 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus in Han population in China
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Yang Yifan , Upreti Bibhuti , Liu Shuang , Cui Ruomei , Cheng Yuqi , Tao Li , Dong Jing , Li Luqiong , Xu Jian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe explored the association between HLA‐B and HLA‐DRB1 polymorphisms and reviewed clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Han population in Yunnan, China.MethodsThere were 295 patients and 265 healthy control subjects (HCs) enrolled in the study. Clinical data and blood samples were collected from the patients. The HLA‐B and HLA‐DRB1 genotypes were detected in SLE patients and HCs.ResultsA total of 74 genotypes on HLA‐B loci were determined in 288 patients as well as 57 genotypes in 265 HCs. The results showed SLE was associated with the HLA‐B*40:01 and HLA‐DRB1*08:03 alleles, and the HLA‐B*46:01, HLA‐DRB1*12:02, DRB1*04:03, DRB1*14:01, DRB1*04:06, and DRB1*11:01 alleles were less likely to appear in SLE patients. Additionally, HLA‐B*07:02 and B*40:06 were associated with disease activity. HLA‐DRB1*03:01, DRB1*13:02, and DRB1*12:01 were associated with proteinuria. Furthermore, HLA‐B*51:01, B*13:02, B*38:02, B*35:01, HLA‐DRB1*15:02, DRB1*15:04, DRB1*15:01, and DRB1*08:03 were correlated with inflammatory factors and immune dysfunction. HLA‐B*15:25 was related to the production of multiple antibodies. HLA‐DRB1*12:02 might be a protective factor for pancytopenia. The haplotype of HLA‐B*40:01/DRB1*08:03 was linked with SLE.ConclusionSLE in Han population in Yunnan province was associated with the HLA‐B*40:01 and HLA‐DRB1*08:03 alleles, and the haplotype HLA‐B*40:01/DRB1*08:03. Several alleles were associated with inflammation, immune disorders, and organ involvement in SLE. Those alleles might be potential genetic markers of SLE.
Multiple importance unscented Kalman filtering with soft spatiotemporal constraint for multi‐passive‐sensor target tracking
Authors: Zhang Hongwei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMulti‐passive‐sensor systems are a common means for the target tracking and their bearings processing is a prerequisite for stable control and nonlinear filtering. This study proposes a mathematical methodology that is based on the incorporating deterministic unscented transition rules into stochastic sequential importance sampling frame and makes use of soft spatiotemporal constraint comprise multiview epipolar geometry constraint and numerical regularization to solve the correspondence problem. A prototype measurement‐driven target tracking frame was developed that can work in real time and achieve filtering improvements of 41%–46% and 43%–48% in terms of root‐mean‐square error and root time‐averaged mean square error compared with the state‐of‐the‐art multiple model Rao–Blackwell particle filtering method, as proven by the simulation results.
A control‐based observer approach for estimating energy intake during pregnancy
Authors: Ranghetti Luca , Rivera Daniel E. , Guo Penghong , Visioli Antonio , Savage Williams Jennifer , Symons Downs Danielle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGestational weight gain outside of Institute of Medicine guidelines poses a risk to both the mother and her unborn child. Behavioral interventions such as Healthy Mom Zone (HMZ) that aim to regulate gestational weight gain require self‐monitoring of energy intake, which is often significantly under‐reported by participants. This article describes the use of a control systems approach for energy intake estimation during pregnancy. It relies on an energy balance model that predicts gestational weight based on physical activity and energy intake, the latter treated as an unmeasured disturbance. Two control‐based observer formulations relying on Internal Model Control and Model Predictive Control, respectively, are presented in this article, first for a hypothetical participant, then on data collected from four HMZ participants. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, with generally best results obtained when estimating energy intake over a weekly time period.
Fast and incremental loop closure detection with deep features and proximity graphs
Authors: An Shan , Zhu Haogang , Wei Dong , Tsintotas Konstantinos A. , Gasteratos Antonios 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the robotics community has extensively examined methods concerning the place recognition task within the scope of simultaneous localization and mapping applications. This article proposes an appearance‐based loop closure detection pipeline named “Fast and Incremental Loop closure Detection (FILD++). First, the system is fed by consecutive images and, via passing them twice through a single convolutional neural network, global and local deep features are extracted. Subsequently, a hierarchical navigable small‐world graph incrementally constructs a visual database representing the robot's traversed path based on the computed global features. Finally, a query image, grabbed each time step, is set to retrieve similar locations on the traversed route. An image‐to‐image pairing follows, which exploits local features to evaluate the spatial information. Thus, in the proposed article, we propose a single network for global and local feature extraction in contrast to our previous work (FILD), while an exhaustive search for the verification process is adopted over the generated deep local features avoiding the utilization of hash codes. Exhaustive experiments on eleven publicly available data sets exhibit the system's high performance (achieving the highest recall score on eight of them) and low execution times (22.05 ms on average in New College, which is the largest one containing 52,480 images) compared to other state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Insights into Antiperovskite Ni3In1‐xCuxN Multi‐Crystalline Nanoplates and Bulk Cubic Particles as Efficient Electrocatalysts on Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Su Hang , Tang Yanqun , Shen Haoming , Zhang Hao , Guo Penghui , Gao Lei , Zhao Xin , Xu Xiaoshan , Li Suqin , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntrinsic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and the mechanism of antiperovskite Ni3In1‐xCuxN bulk cubic particles and multi‐crystalline nanoplates are thoroughly investigated. Stoichiometric Ni3In0.6Cu0.4N reaches the best HER performance, with an overpotential of 102 mV in its multi‐crystalline nanoplates obtained from the LDH‐derived method, and 143 mV in its bulk cubic particles from the citric method. DFT calculation reveals that Ni‐In or Ni‐Cu paired on the (100) plane serve as primary active sites. The Ni‐Cu pair exhibits stronger OH* and H* affinity that correspondingly reduce OH* and H* adsorption free energy. Introducing specific amounts of the Ni‐Cu pair, that is In:Cu = 0.6:0.4 in Ni3In0.6Cu0.4N, can optimize OH* and H* adsorption free energy to facilitate water dissociation in the HER process, while avoiding OH* adsorption getting too strong to block active sites. Besides, Ni3In0.6Cu0.4N turns the water adsorption step spontaneous, which may be attributed to the shifted d‐band center and polarizing effect from surface In‐Cu charge distribution. This work expands the scope for material design in an antiperovskite system by tailoring the chemical components and morphology for optimal reaction free energy and performance.
Cation‐Dependent Hydrogel Template‐Activation Strategy: Constructing 3D Anode and High Specific Surface Cathode for Dual‐Carbon Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Pan Zhen , Qian Yong , Li Yang , Lin Ning , Qian Yitai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHere, a universal template‐activation strategy is proposed to prepare two different types of porous carbonaceous materials for potassium ion hybrid capacitor (PIHC) anode and cathode, which is realized by only changing the type of cation (Na+ and K+) in the polysilicic acid‐organic mixed hydrogel precursor originating from adding organic acid into Na2SiO3 and K2SiO3 solution, respectively. TG‐IR data demonstrate that K+ exhibits a stronger etching ability for activating carbonaceous materials during the annealing process. Accordingly, a 3D carbon anode obtained with the assistance of NaOH (NPC‐500) exhibits abundant edge‐N doping (8.14 at%), displaying a high K‐storage capacity of 314.1 mA h g‐1 at 0.2 A g‐1 and a capacity of 219.3 mA h g‐1 at 10 A g‐1 after 10000 cycles. A porous carbon particles cathode prepared in the presence of KOH (KCP‐800) shows a high specific surface area (1326.8 m2 g‐1), contributing to high PF6‐ (de)adsorb capacity of 103.0 mA h g‐1 at 1 A g‐1. Remarkably, the assembled NPC//KCP PIHC delivers a high energy density of 137.7 W h kg‐1 at a power density of 275.4 W kg‐1 even over 20 000 cycles.
Homologous Nitrogen‐Doped Hierarchical Carbon Architectures Enabling Compatible Anode and Cathode for Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Yi Yuyang , Zeng Zhihan , Lian Xueyu , Dou Shixue , Sun Jingyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPotassium‐ion hybrid capacitors (PIHCs) have been considered as an emerging device to render grid‐scale energy storage. Nevertheless, the sluggish kinetics at the anode side and limited capacity output at the cathode side remain daunting challenges for the overall performances of PIHCs. Herein, an exquisite “homologous strategy” to devise multi‐dimensional N‐doped carbon nanopolyhedron@nanosheet anode and activated N‐doped hierarchical carbon cathode targeting high‐performance PIHCs is reported. The anode material harnessing a dual‐carbon structure and the cathode candidate affording a high specific surface area (2651 m2 g−1) act in concert with a concentrated ether‐based electrolyte, resulting in an excellent half cell performance. The related storage mechanism is systematically revealed by in situ electrokinetic characterizations. More encouragingly, the thus‐derived PIHC full cell demonstrates a favorable energy output (157 Wh kg−1), showing distinct advantages over the state‐of‐the‐art PIHC counterparts.
Synthesizing secure software development activities for linear and agile lifecycle models
Authors: Alenezi Mamdouh , Basit Hamid Abdul , Beg Maham Anwar , Shaukat Muhammad Saad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractApplication security is an important concern, and security activities to support software development lifecycle processes, such as specification, design, implementation, and testing are increasingly in need. Despite the plethora of knowledge available for secure software development in online and books, software systems are seldom secure as developers lack security knowledge. The primary reason for this paradox is the diversity and overwhelming nature of the available security knowledge. In this article, we propose to synthesize the well‐known secure software development practices for both linear and agile lifecycle models. Using theMediaWikiplatform, we make this knowledge available to software developers and designers from a single source.
Transfer length of corroded wires in prestressed concrete members
Authors: Anaya Pablo , Martín‐Pérez Beatriz , Rodríguez Jesús , Andrade Carmen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBond is an essential property that guarantees the composite action in prestressed concrete (PC) members. This bond may be degraded due to different reasons, corrosion‐induced damage being one of the most frequent ones. The transfer length is the key indicator that describes the bond properties between prestressing steel and concrete. The analysis and design of PC members with prestressing wires require a realistic assessment of the bond transfer length. This paper presents an analytical study of the influence of the governing geometrical and mechanical variables on bond behavior in PC members undergoing steel corrosion. A model describing the deterioration of the transfer length due to corrosion, calibrated and verified through experimental tests, is proposed along with simplified expressions for the assessment of transfer lengths in PC members with corroded wires.