bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related topographic map of magnetic resonance diffusion metrics in neonatal brains
Authors: Bobba Pratheek S. , Weber Clara F. , Mak Adrian , Mozayan Ali , Malhotra Ajay , Sheth Kevin N. , Taylor Sarah N. , Vossough Arastoo , Grant Patricia Ellen , Scheinost Dustin , Constable Robert Todd , Ment Laura R. , Payabvash Seyedmehdi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccelerated maturation of brain parenchyma close to term‐equivalent age leads to rapid changes in diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of neonatal brains, which can complicate the evaluation and interpretation of these scans. In this study, we characterized the topography of age‐related evolution of diffusion metrics in neonatal brains. We included 565 neonates who had MRI between 0 and 3 months of age, with no structural or signal abnormality—including 162 who had DTI scans. We analyzed the age‐related changes of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values throughout brain and DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD]) along white matter (WM) tracts. Rate of change in ADC, FA, and MD values across 5 mm cubic voxels was calculated. There was significant reduction of ADC and MD values and increase of FA with increasing gestational age (GA) throughout neonates' brain, with the highest temporal rates in subcortical WM, corticospinal tract, cerebellar WM, and vermis. GA at birth had significant effect on ADC values in convexity cortex and corpus callosum as well as FA/MD values in corpus callosum, after correcting for GA at scan. We developed online interactive atlases depicting age‐specific normative values of ADC (ages 34–46 weeks), and FA/MD (35–41 weeks). Our results show a rapid decrease in diffusivity metrics of cerebral/cerebellar WM and vermis in the first few weeks of neonatal age, likely attributable to myelination. In addition, prematurity and low GA at birth may result in lasting delay in corpus callosum myelination and cerebral cortex cellularity.
Hematologic malignancies and COVID‐19 infection: A monocenter retrospective study
Authors: Azhdari Tehrani Hamed , Ramezaninejad Soodeh , Mardani Masoud , Shokouhi Shervin , Darnahal Maryam , Hakamifard Atousa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionHematologic malignancies are risk factors for severe COVID‐19 infection. Identification of risk factors correlated with mortality in these groups of patients is important in the assessment strategy. We studied the characteristics of patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID‐19 and then analyzed the predictors of mortality.MethodsEligible for the analysis were hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies and confirmed COVID‐19 infection observed between January 2020 and March 2021. Patients were categorized based on the type of malignancy and phase of the treatment.ResultsA total of 194 COVID‐19 infected patients with hematologic malignancies were included. The median age was 44 (15–81) years; 135 of them were males and 59 were females. Acute myeloid leukemia was the most frequent cancer type (43.8%). A total of 119 patients had severe COVID‐19 and 61 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. A total of 92 deaths occurred in all cases for an overall case‐fatality rate of 47%. Male gender, preinduction and induction phase of the treatment, intensive care admission, low levels of oxygen saturation, Rhesus (RH) factor positivity, and higher fibrinogen level correlated with mortality.ConclusionThis study focuses on the epidemiology, risk factors, outcomes, and predictors of mortality of COVID‐19 among patients with hematologic malignancies. Patients with hematologic malignancies are at high risk of mortality.
Association of ABO blood group with in‐hospital adverse outcome and long term persistent symptoms of COVID‐19 infection: A single‐center longitudinal observational study
Authors: Nafakhi Ahmed , Rabeea Ihsan S. , Al‐Darraji Rasha , Nafakhi Hussein , Mechi Ahmed , Al‐Khalidi Alhan , alareedh Mohammed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThere are gaps in knowledge regarding the association between the ABO blood group and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) immediate and long‐term outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association of ABO blood group with COVID‐19 in‐hospital adverse outcomes and to determine whether ABO blood group is associated with post‐COVID‐19 persistent symptoms.MethodsThis was a single‐center longitudinal observational study that included patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of COVID‐19 infection and a positive test for COVID‐19 and were able to attend the out‐patient clinic after 6 months following acute COVID‐19. The main outcomes were intensive care unit admission, the requirement for respiratory support, in‐hospital death, and persistent symptoms. χ2 test and regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data.ResultsA total of 169 patients were enrolled for the assessment of in‐hospital adverse outcomes of whom 86 patients were included for the assessment of persistent symptoms after the exclusion of deceased patients or patients not attended the out‐patient clinic. Patients with blood group B had higher prevalence of in‐hospital death compared to blood group O (39% vs. 13%, p = 0.01) and this persisted after adjusting for sex (odds ratio, OR [confidence interval, CI] = 1.4 [1.1–2.1], p = 0.04), while patients with blood group AB had higher prevalence of requiring respiratory support than blood group O (54% vs. 10%, p = 0.02) and this persisted after adjusting for age (OR [CI] = 1.5 [1.1–2.3], p = 0.02). Concerning the association of ABO blood group and long‐term symptoms, blood group AB showed a higher prevalence of palpitation (p < 0.001) and dizziness (p = 0.02) than other blood groups.ConclusionsBlood groups AB and B are significantly associated with respiratory support use and in‐hospital death, respectively, compared to blood group O. Blood group AB is significantly associated with persistent palpitation and dizziness compared to other blood groups.
Survival after neoadjuvant/induction combination immunotherapy vs combination platinum‐based chemotherapy for locally advanced (Stage III) urothelial cancer
Authors: Einerhand Sarah M. H. , van Dijk Nick , van Dorp Jeroen , de Feijter Jeantine M. , van Montfoort Maurits L. , van de Kamp Maaike W. , Schaake Eva E. , Boellaard Thierry N. , Hendricksen Kees , van der Heijden Michiel S. , van Rhijn Bas W. G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite treatment with cisplatin‐based chemotherapy and surgical resection, clinical outcomes of patients with locally advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) remain poor. We compared neoadjuvant/induction platinum‐based combination chemotherapy (NAIC) with combination immune checkpoint inhibition (cICI). We identified 602 patients who attended our outpatient bladder cancer clinic in 2018 to 2019. Patients were included if they received NAIC or cICI for cT3‐4aN0M0 or cT1‐4aN1‐3M0 UC. NAIC consisted of cisplatin‐based chemotherapy or gemcitabine‐carboplatin in case of cisplatin‐ineligibility. A subset of patients (cisplatin‐ineligibility or refusal of NAIC) received ipilimumab plus nivolumab in the NABUCCO‐trial (NCT03387761). Treatments were compared using the log‐rank test and propensity score‐weighted Cox regression models. We included 107 Stage III UC patients treated with NAIC (n = 83) or cICI (n = 24). NAIC was discontinued in 11 patients due to progression (n = 6; 7%) or toxicity (n = 5; 6%), while cICI was discontinued in 6 patients (25%) after 2 cycles due to toxicity (P = .205). After NAIC, patients had surgical resection (n = 50; 60%), chemoradiation (n = 26; 30%), or no consolidating treatment due to progression (n = 5; 6%) or toxicity (n = 2; 2%). After cICI, all patients underwent resection. After resection (n = 74), complete pathological response (ypT0N0) was achieved in 11 (22%) NAIC‐patients and 11 (46%) cICI‐patients (P = .056). Median (IQR) follow‐up was 26 (20‐32) months. cICI was associated with superior progression‐free survival (P = .003) and overall survival (P = .003) compared to NAIC. Our study showed superior survival in Stage III UC patients pretreated with cICI if compared to NAIC. Our findings provide a strong rationale for validation of cICI for locally advanced UC in a comparative phase‐3 trial.
Changing paradigms in oncology: Toward noncytotoxic treatments for advanced gliomas
Authors: von Knebel Doeberitz Nikolaus , Paech Daniel , Sturm Dominik , Pusch Stefan , Turcan Sevin , Saunthararajah Yogen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlial‐lineage malignancies (gliomas) recurrently mutate and/or delete the master regulators of apoptosis p53 and/or p16/CDKN2A, undermining apoptosis‐intending (cytotoxic) treatments. By contrast to disrupted p53/p16, glioma cells are live‐wired with the master transcription factor circuits that specify and drive glial lineage fates: these transcription factors activate early‐glial and replication programs as expected, but fail in their other usual function of forcing onward glial lineage‐maturation—late‐glial genes have constitutively “closed” chromatin requiring chromatin‐remodeling for activation—glioma‐genesis disrupts several epigenetic components needed to perform this work, and simultaneously amplifies repressing epigenetic machinery instead. Pharmacologic inhibition of repressing epigenetic enzymes thus allows activation of late‐glial genes and terminates glioma self‐replication (self‐replication = replication without lineage‐maturation), independent of p53/p16/apoptosis. Lineage‐specifying master transcription factors therefore contrast with p53/p16 in being enriched in self‐replicating glioma cells, reveal a cause‐effect relationship between aberrant epigenetic repression of late‐lineage programs and malignant self‐replication, and point to specific epigenetic targets for noncytotoxic glioma‐therapy.
Multispectral retinal video‐ophthalmoscope with fiber optic illumination
Authors: Kolar Radim , Vicar Tomas , Odstrcilik Jan , Valterova Eva , Skorkovska Karolina , Kralik Martin , Tornow Ralf‐Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMultispectral imaging is used in various applications including astronomy, industry and agriculture. In retinal imaging, the single‐shot multispectral image stack is typically acquired and analyzed. This multispectral analysis can provide information on various structural or metabolic properties. This paper describes the multispectral improvement of a video‐ophthalmoscope, which can acquire retinal video sequences of the optic nerve head and peripapillary area using various spectral light illumination. The description of the multispectral video imaging is provided and several applications are described. These applications include multispectral retinal photoplethysmography, visualization of spontaneous vein pulsation and multispectral RGB image generation.
Specific bio‐functionalCBD‐PR1Ppeptide bindingVEGFto collagen hydrogels promotes the recovery of cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: Yin Jia , Shi Chunying , He Wenli , Yan Wenjing , Deng Jin , Zhang Bing , Yin Mengmeng , Pei Haitao , Wang Haiping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIschemic stroke was a leading cause of death and long‐term disability. It was an effective way to improve cerebral ischemia injury by promoting angiogenesis and neuroprotection. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was a potent pro‐angiogenic factor, and had neuroprotective effect. A short peptide (PR1P) derived from the extracellular VEGF‐binding glycoprotein‐Prominin‐1 was reported to specifically bind to VEGF. In order to realize sustained release of VEGF, a bio‐functional peptide‐CBD‐PR1P was constructed, which target VEGF to collagen hydrogels to limit the diffusion of VEGF. When the collagen hydrogels loading with CBD‐PR1P and VEGF were injected into the cerebral ischemic cortex, increased angiogenesis, decreased apoptosis and enhanced neurons survival were observed in the ischemic area, that promoted the motor functional recovery of cerebral ischemic injury. Thus, this targeting delivery system of VEGF provided a promising therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia.
Pregnancy Vitamin D Supplementation and Childhood Bone Mass at Age 4 Years: Findings From the Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study (MAVIDOS) Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Curtis Elizabeth M. , Moon Rebecca J. , D'Angelo Stefania , Crozier Sarah R. , Bishop Nicholas J. , Gopal‐Kothandapani Jaya Sujatha , Kennedy Stephen H. , Papageorghiou Aris T. , Fraser Robert , Gandhi Saurabh V. , Schoenmakers Inez , Prentice Ann , Inskip Hazel M. , Godfrey Keith M. , Javaid M. Kassim , Eastell Richard , Cooper Cyrus , Harvey Nicholas C. ,   the MAVIDOS Trial Group
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTIn the Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study (MAVIDOS) randomized trial, vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy did not lead to greater neonatal bone mass across the trial as a whole, but, in a prespecified secondary analysis by season of birth, led to greater neonatal bone mass among winter‐born babies. Demonstrating persistence of this effect into childhood would increase confidence in a long‐term benefit of this intervention. We investigated whether antenatal vitamin D supplementation increases offspring bone mineralization in early childhood in a prespecified, single‐center follow‐up of a double‐blinded, multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial based in the UK (MAVIDOS). A total of 1123 women in early pregnancy with a baseline 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level 25–100 nmol/L from three research centers (2008–2014) were randomized to 1000 IU/d cholecalciferol or matched placebo from 14 weeks of gestation to delivery. Offspring born at the Southampton, UK research center were assessed at age 4 years (2013–2018). Anthropometry and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) were performed (yielding whole body less head [WBLH] bone mineral content [BMC], areal bone mineral density [aBMD], bone area [BA], and body composition). Of 723 children, 564 (78.0%) children attended the 4‐year visit, 452 of whom had a useable DXA. Maternal vitamin D supplementation led to greater WBLH aBMD in the children compared with placebo (mean [95% confidence interval {CI}]: supplemented group: 0.477 (95% CI, 0.472–0.481) g/cm2; placebo group: 0.470 (95% CI, 0.466–0.475) g/cm2, p = 0.048). Associations were consistent for BMC and lean mass, and in age‐ and sex‐adjusted models. Effects were observed across the whole cohort irrespective of season of birth. Maternal‐child interactions were observed, with a greater effect size among children with low milk intake and low levels of physical activity. Child weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were similar by maternal randomization group. These findings suggest a sustained beneficial effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy on offspring aBMD at age 4 years, but will require replication in other trials. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Distinct patterns of gene expression during regeneration and asexual reproduction in the annelid Pristina leidyi
Authors: del Olmo Irene , Verdes Aida , Álvarez‐Campos Patricia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRegeneration, the ability to replace lost body parts, is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom often connected to asexual reproduction or fission, since the only difference between the two appears to be the stimulus that triggers them. Both developmental processes have largely been characterized; however, the molecular toolkit and genetic mechanisms underlying these events remain poorly unexplored. Annelids, in particular the oligochaete Pristina leidyi, provide a good model system to investigate these processes as they show diverse ways to regenerate, and can reproduce asexually through fission under laboratory conditions. Here, we used a comparative transcriptomics approach based on RNA‐sequencing and differential gene expression analyses to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in anterior regeneration and asexual reproduction. We found 291 genes upregulated during anterior regeneration, including several regeneration‐related genes previously reported in other annelids such as frizzled, paics, and vdra. On the other hand, during asexual reproduction, 130 genes were found upregulated, and unexpectedly, many of them were related to germline development during sexual reproduction. We also found important differences between anterior regeneration and asexual reproduction, with the latter showing a gene expression profile more similar to that of control individuals. Nevertheless, we identified 35 genes that were upregulated in both conditions, many of them related to cell pluripotency, stem cells, and cell proliferation. Overall, our results shed light on the molecular mechanisms that control anterior regeneration and asexual reproduction in annelids and reveal similarities with other animals, suggesting that the genetic machinery controlling these processes is conserved across metazoans.
Domestication and the comparative embryology of birds
Authors: Cordero Gerardo A. , Werneburg Ingmar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudies of domesticated animals have greatly contributed to our understanding of avian embryology. Foundational questions in developmental biology were motivated by Aristotle's observations of chicken embryos. By the 19th century, the chicken embryo was at the center stage of developmental biology, but how closely does this model species mirror the ample taxonomic diversity that characterizes the avian tree of life? Here, we provide a brief overview of the taxonomic breadth of comparative embryological studies in birds. We particularly focused on staging tables and papers that attempted to document the timing of developmental transformations. We show that most of the current knowledge of avian embryology is based on Galliformes (chicken and quail) and Anseriformes (duck and goose). Nonetheless, data are available for some ecologically diverse avian subclades, including Struthioniformes (e.g., ostrich, emu) and Sphenisciformes (penguins). Thus far, there has only been a handful of descriptive embryological studies in the most speciose subclade of Aves, that is, the songbirds (Passeriniformes). Furthermore, we found that temporal variances for developmental events are generally uniform across a consensus chronological sequence for birds. Based on the available data, developmental trajectories for chicken and other model species appear to be highly similar. We discuss future avenues of research in comparative avian embryology in light of the currently available wealth of data on domesticated species and beyond.
AlGaN‐based solar‐blind avalanche photodetectors with gradually doped charge layer
Authors: Yao Yufei , Jiang Xuecheng , Gu Yan , Yang Guofeng , Wei Chunlei , Xie Zhijian , Zhang Qi , Qian Weiying , Zhu Chun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo improve the performances of AlGaN solar‐blind ultraviolet (UV) avalanche photodetectors (APDs), we propose a separate absorption and multiplication (SAM) AlGaN APD with a gradually doped charge layer. The calculation results indicate that the designed APD can significantly increase the maximum gain by almost 40%, and reduce the breakdown voltage by about 9% compared with the conventional AlGaN APD. The parameters of multiplication layer and p‐type layer are optimized, and the physical mechanism is described in detail, which provides theoretical guidance for high‐performance device structure design and experimental preparation.
The role of land surface schemes in non‐hydrostatic RegCM on the simulation of Indian summer monsoon
Authors: Raju Pemmani Venkata Subba , Karadan Muhammed Muhshif , Prasad Dasari Hari 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the performance of a non‐hydrostatic Regional Climate Model (RegCM) with two land surface parameterizations, namely Biosphere‐Atmosphere Transfer (BAT) scheme and Community Land Model (CLM) scheme on the simulation of summer monsoon over India. The initial and boundary conditions are taken from ERA‐Interim (ERA‐I) reanalysis available at a 0.75° spatial grid. The RegCM is designed with 25 km horizontal resolution and 23 vertical levels, and it integrated for the period 1st January 1982 to 30th September 2016. We used the NOAA Optimum Interpolation Weekly sea surface temperatures, the topography and land‐use data from the United States Geological Survey, and Global Land Cover Characterization. Our results reveal that the summer monsoon precipitation anomaly is reasonably well simulated with BAT and CLM schemes compared to those of India Meteorological Department (IMD) observations. The spatial distributions of temperature anomaly over India with BAT compared to CRU shows cold bias over most of the Indian sub‐continent, whereas the CLM shows large warm bias over central India and monsoon trough region. The low‐level and upper‐level winds are in good agreement with ERA‐I. Further, the analysis of extreme monsoon events (i.e., excess and deficit seasons) reveals that CLM depicts less bias in simulating the excess and deficit precipitation regions as compared to those of BAT. Conversely, BAT simulates temperature well over India in both excess and deficit monsoon seasons. The Taylor's diagram analysis, Added Value Index based on Mean Square Error, and Modified Brier Skill Score are also applied for the extreme rainfall seasons. Our quantitative analysis demonstrates that the CLM have resolved better rainfall features with more skills with respect to that of BAT. The results suggest that CLM have added value in Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) regional climate simulation than the BAT, particularly on simulation of the rainfall characteristics during extreme rainfall seasons.
A benchmarking scoping review of research output from hospital pharmacy departments in Australia
Authors: Penm Jonathan , Narayan Sujita , Alffenaar Jan‐Willem , Johnson Jacinta L. , Mirkov Sanja , Page Amy T. , Pont Lisa G. , Patanwala Asad E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo benchmark annual research output from hospital pharmacy departments in Australian principal referral hospitals.Data sourcesEmbase, Medline, and Scopus.Study selectionAll 29 principal referral hospitals listed by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare were searched using the institution field from 2018–2020. Articles were included if an author was affiliated with a hospital pharmacy department. Conference abstracts, letters, narrative reviews, opinions, commentaries, or editorials were excluded.ResultsA total of 261 research articles were identified from 27 principal referral hospital pharmacy departments from 2018–2020. Median research output over 3 years was five (interquartile range, 3–9) articles. In terms of annual research, hospital pharmacy departments in the 50th and 90th percentile for total publication output published two and ten original research articles every year, respectively. Overall, 56% (n = 145) of the published studies were observational, 35% (n = 90) had a first author with a pharmacy department affiliation, 97% (n = 252) had at least one author with a university affiliation, and in 5% (n = 12) of the articles there was more than one hospital pharmacy department affiliation.ConclusionOn average, hospital pharmacy departments in Australian principal referral hospitals publish two original research articles every year. Nearly all of these articles are published in collaborations with universities.