bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Thermal Barrier Top Coating on The Initiation and Growth of Thermally Grown Oxide
Authors: Ogawa K. , Gotoh N. , Shoji T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recently, thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been used in advanced gas turbine plants for improved performance. Usually, TBCs consist of an inner layer of metallic bond coating (MCrAlY) and an outer layer of ceramic top coating. According to several studies, the failure of the TBC is induced by thermal stresses due to the formation of thermally grown oxide (TGO) at the interface between the TBC and MCrAlY. Therefore, it is important to investigate the high temperature oxidation behavior of the interface. In this work, the TGO is characterized in detail. In particular, in order to clarify the role of the TBC top coating in regard to initiation and growth of TGO at the interface, a specimen with TBC and one without TBC were compared. In both specimens, the TGO had two different contrasting layers. One was alumina, and the other was a combination of chromium oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and spinels (hereafter call mixed oxide). The TGO thickness of the specimen with TBC was thicker than that obtained without TBC. These specimens had different oxidation behaviors. It is thought that the reason for the difference in TGO thicknesses of both specimens is due to a difference in oxygen potential, as the oxide compositions in the mixed oxides were different. In case of the specimen with TBC, the mixed oxide consists of chromium oxide, nickel oxide, and cobalt oxide, separately. On the other hand, in case of the specimen without TBC, the mixed oxide consists mainly of spinels such as (Ni, Co)(Cr, Al)2O4.
Correlation Between Spraying Conditions and Micro Crack Density and Their Influence on Thermal Cycling Life of Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Vaßen Robert , Traeger Franziska , Stöver Detlev 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is generally known that the porosity of thermal barrier coatings is essential to guarantee a sufficiently high strain tolerance of the coating during thermal cycling. However, much less is known about the influence of the specific kind of porosity such as micro cracks and typically larger pores on the performance of the coatings. Both features are usually formed during plasma spraying of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). In this investigation the influence of micro cracks on the thermal cycling behavior was studied. The amount of micro cracks within YSZ thermal barrier coatings was changed by changing the powder feed rate. However, only small changes of the total porosity were observed by changing powder feed rate. Mercury porosimetry served as a tool to investigate both the amount of micro cracks and pores in the coating. Additionally, micro crack densities were determined from metallographical investigations. A linear dependence between the amount of fine pores determined by Hg porosimetry and the crack density was obtained for one set of coatings. Thermal cycling specimens with thermal barrier coatings having different micro crack densities were produced and tested in a gas burner test facility. At high surface temperatures above 1300°C failure occurred in the ceramic close to the surface. Under these conditions the samples with increased horizontal micro crack densities showed a significant increase of thermal cycling life.
Behavior and Characterization of Two 7-8 wt% Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Powders and Coatings Produced Using Plasma Spray Deposition
Authors: Bisson J.F. , Moreau C. , Dorfman M. , Dambra C. , Mallon J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two 7-8 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia powders of similar size and chemistry but having different microstructure properties and manufacturing routes were studied. One significant difference was the density and internal porosity of the starting powders. Deposition efficiency (DE) of the low density (LD) powder was found to be higher and less sensitive to changes in the spray process parameters than the high density (HD) powder. Probing the in-flight particle characteristics with the DPV- 2000 made it possible to link the observed DE values with the in-flight particle temperature. For each powder, DE was found to depend mainly on a single variable, the in-flight particle temperature. DE was found to vary strongly with particle temperature for temperatures under 2700°C, whereas the dependence with particle temperature was much less important above 2700°C. Variations in DE seemed to evolve according to variations of the melted fraction of the sprayed material. Since the LD powder was found to achieve higher particle temperatures at given spray conditions, DE was found to be higher for the LD material and the range of variations in DE was found to be much less than that observed with the HD material. Examination of the coating microstructures revealed that a coating produced with the LD powder had slightly higher porosity than that produced with the HD powder at similar inflight parameters. Spraying at higher in-flight particle temperature or velocity, which resulted in higher and more robust DE values, tended to yield coatings with lower porosity, resulting in coating density exceeding the tolerance range specified by some end-users. Increasing the powder feed rate and using conditions that produced a higher in-flight particle temperature were found to increase the porosity up to an acceptable level without significantly degrading DE. Therefore, a solution was found that not only reduced the sensitivity of DE to changes in the spraying conditions but also increased the rate of production by reducing the time required to spray the part.
Plasma Sprayed Coatings with Engineered Microstructures
Authors: Basu S.N. , Ye G. , Cui C. , Gevelber M. , Wroblewski D. , Fincke J.R. , Swank W.D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An advanced closed loop control system that enables tight control of the particle and substrate states has been developed. This unique capability allows deposition of coatings under very controlled conditions. This enables the construction of detailed process/property maps that can lead to a fundamental understanding of the formation mechanisms of key microstructural features during the plasma deposition process. The microstructural development during processing is discussed in light of the physics of microcrack formation during plasma deposition, including the effect of particle and substrate states on splat solidification, thermal gradients and residual stresses.
Phase Precipitation in NiCoCrAlY Bondcoat at High Temperature
Authors: Koomparkping T. , Damrongrat S. , Niranatlumpong P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thermal barrier coating (TBC) is applied on a surface of a gas turbine blade to provide a thermal barrier and oxidation resistant properties for the components. The ability to resist oxidation of the coating arises from the self-healing, protective Al2O3 scale on top of the bondcoat, which is formed during service. However, if Al depletion occurs within the coating, the protective scale will lose its self-healing ability, and hence, its oxidation resistant property. This paper investigated the depletion of Al within the bondcoat by studying the microstructure of the bondcoat on a gas turbine blade after it has been in 4,000 hour service at 1,200°C. The results showed that Al depletion had occurred at a different level throughout the turbine blade. In the area where Al depletion had not yet occurred, precipitation of a (Ni,Al)-rich phase was detected. Most of the Al was contained within this phase, leaving only small amount of Al in the surrounding matrix. A well-defined boundary was observed between the depleted and non-depleted regions.
Influence of Polymer Composition on the Deposition of UHMWPE Coatings
Authors: Gawne D.T. , Bao Y. , Zhang T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has remarkable properties in the bulk state and has substantial potential for use as a protective coating on metals. However, the molecular architecture responsible for these exceptional properties also causes difficulties in the formation of coatings by flame spraying. This paper studies two UHMWPE materials with molecular weights of 2 million and 6 million. The flow of splats for each UHMWPE and blends of selected polyethylenes were characterized and a model developed for the flow of these polymers with respect to polymer composition, viscosity and thermal spray parameters. The model was applied to the polyethylene system and the experimental results show that controlling the composition and the process parameters is essential for the deposition of high-quality coatings.
Evaluation of Thermally Sprayed and Other Polymeric Coatings for use in Natural Gas Pipeline Components
Authors: Vuoristo P. , Leivo E. , Turunen E. , Leino M. , Järvelä P. , Mäntylä T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several polymeric coatings, including flame sprayed polyethylene (PE), were evaluated for use in parts of natural gas pipelines. The components of interest were for instance large valves, T-joints, weld joints of pipes and pipe bends. More than 30 different coatings were selected to laboratory scale testing and evaluation. After first preliminary tests, the most potential coatings were selected further for more detailed and long term laboratory scale studies. After these tests were finished, one coating concept, i.e. fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) + flame sprayed PE, was prepared on a small natural gas valve body for demonstration purposes. Besides this coating concept, also some other coatings, e.g. liquid epoxy + flame sprayed PE and some polyurethane coatings were found to be potential coatings for the application. The test methods and results are presented in this paper.
Fracture and Rheological Behavior of Oxide Aluminum-Polymer Composite Sliding Bearing
Authors: Kireitseu M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the present paper rheological behavior of the Oxide Aluminum-Polymer Composite Sliding Bearing was examined. The requirements to the rheological models were formulated regarding adequate strain-strain state of the bearing. Rheological models of the composite sliding bearing have been proposed and were confirmed by in-situ experiments using principal Hertzian theory as the background. Load rating tests have revealed ultimate stresses of the sliding bearing and the strain-deformation modes of the sliding bearing ’ elements. The Oxide Aluminum-Polymer Composite Sliding Bearing was presented in the form of the complex elastic-tenacious-plastic rheological model. The metal-polymer layer was modeled by the rheological model consisted from two elastic elements and one tenacious element. As a prototype of the model, we studied a model comprising the Maxwells’ model and an elastic element. In general, a rheological equation depends on a level and form of strain applied. Analysis of the models and experimental results revealed better understanding of nanocomposite fracture and degradation mechanics. The nanocomposite exhibits linear relation of strain curve, whereas unloaded composite shows retardation of deformations (elastic return). The relations of experimental data and calculated data revealed very close agreement of developed rheological model and real mechanical behavior of the nanocomposite.
Audit in the digital economy
Authors: BEZVERKHYI Kostiantyn , PODDUBNA Nataliia 
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The rapid transformational processes of the economy and the mass digitization of all spheres of life require clear, coherent and systematic approaches to the construction of their activities from the subjects of audit activity. Ukraine is not lagging behind in the introduction of the latest forms of control, and therefore actively incorporates the experience of EU countries into the domestic audit practice. Such a form of control, which is actively introduced into the practice of control and verification work, taking into account the experience of EU countries, is e-audit.
Problem. Serious concerns among users of financial statements, business entities, and entities of audit activities are caused by a massive increase in the amount of data, which requires interested users to search for new, progressive approaches to the construction of their activities, in particular, in terms of a conceptual change in the approach to the construction of the work of audit activities.
The aim of the study is to reveal the essence of the concept of «e-audit» and critically assess theore­tical and practical approaches to the transformation of audit activity in the context of modern business challenges.
Methods. General scientific and special methods are used: theoretical generalization and grouping, formalization, analysis and synthesis; logical generalization of the results.
Results. An author’s approach to revealing the essence of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of electronic audit has been formed.
Conclusions. A conceptual and categorical apparatus of electronic audit has been developed, within which: the concept of «e-audit» is substan­tiated (systematic, independent and documented audit of the correctness, completeness, timeliness and compliance of data (operations, reporting and other documents), which is carried out using modern digital – technologies that automate processes and contribute to more effective achievement of the goal of electronic audit tasks), in which, unlike existing definitions, a systematic approach was applied, which allowed to characterize it from economic and audit approaches to the definition. This contributes to the deepening of the understanding of the essence of concepts, the unification of the terminological apparatus to increase the efficiency of decision-making in the field of control and verification work.
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the English Prosodic Phonology Processing Test (EPPPT): A Multi-Trait Multimethod Approach
Authors: Ayieko Gerry 
Published: September 2022

Most of the prosody perception tests do not capture how listeners perceive and interpret stress, tone, and intonation in the process of listening comprehension. The current study developed the English Prosodic Phonology Processing Test (EPPPT). A sample of 240 Luo speaking high school students were tested using Confirmatory Factory Analysis (CFA) in a multi-trait multimethod matrix. Four traits were measured including word prosody, sentence prosody, juncture, and discourse prosody. Three methods were used including the picture selection task, stress assignment task, and chunking task. CFA confirmed the current taxonomy of the diverse traits of English prosodic phonology: word stress, sentence stress, open and closed junctures, and discourse. The methods yielded statistically significant differences among the discriminant validity of these traits. The model fit was better when the different prosodic traits were specified (convergent validity), while the methods of testing yielded distinguishable, unique types of information about prosodic phonology processing. Using a battery of five tests, the results of EPPPT showed that the traits are quite independent of each other and the method effect is not significant.
Keywords: reliability, validity, EPPPT, Prosody, MTMM
ESL Teachers’ Perceptions regarding the Usefulness of Oral Corrective Feedback at Undergraduate Level
Authors: Sadiq Huma , Hameed Farrukh , Ahmed Hafiz Tahzeeb 
Published: September 2022

This research aims to examine the perceptions of undergraduate level ESL teachers regarding oral feedback and its impact on student learning. In this regard, this study attempts to determine the particular method of corrective feedback (CF) teachers perceive to be useful, how they apply this method in language classroom, and how their feedback affects the learning of students. Hence, the current study examines how the input of L2 teachers influences the motivation, confidence, self-esteem, student-teacher relationship, and identity of students at undergraduate level. Data was collected through two qualitative research tools: “observations” and “semi-structured interviews”. Purposive sampling method was used and eight L2 teachers of a private university were sampled for this study. The observations of the selected teachers were conducted for 18 hours and semi-structured interviews were also conducted afterwards. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that direct CF was perceived and used by L2 teachers as the best way of correcting students. It was found that the participants had practical experience of direct CF. Moreover, it was concluded that direct CF and reasonable inquiries can influence motivation, confidence, self-esteem, and student-teacher relationship. The findings have useful implications for both theory and practice because they improve on the general guidelines for L2 teachers regarding what type of CF can be beneficial for L2 students, how their feedback can encourage or discourage students, and how they can correct the mistakes of students in an effective way.
Keywords: educational techniques, ESL teaching, oral corrective feedback
English Vowel Sounds: An Empirical Study of Gamification Strategy at Nursery Level
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Ali , Mahmood Anser , Syed Ali Furqan 
Published: September 2022

The current empirical study aimed to stimulate and measure the competence level of children for learning vowel sounds at nursery level at Right School, Model Town, Sillanwali. Sound-bingo strategy was used for distinguishing and learning vowel sounds in the context of gamification efficacy. Gamification frameworks can boost dedication, while also developing learning execution at the same time. In any case, only a few studies have been undertaken to address the constructs used to analyse the effects of gamification on people. The current study implemented Mathew Nudds and Casey Callaghan’s ‘Theory of Auditory Perception’ as its theoretical framework. According to the theory, the information we hear is comprehensible. The researchers used the purposive sampling technique and an achievement exam to obtain data for this study. Data was collected from two distinct groups of twenty-five students apiece, named Iqbal and Quaid, respectively. Quaid group was designated as the control group and Iqbal group as the experimental group. Utilising the gamification technique, both groups were subjected to a test without learning. Sound-bingo technique was utilised to deliver a specific corpus of vowel sounds to Iqbal group. The results revealed that when an activity is gamified, a meaningful goal needs to be provided before the action can be adequately rated. An all-around organised game could help to enhance children’s motivation, commitment, and mental turn of events. The current study concludes that gamification can influence the students’ attitudes toward language learning and its effective application can help them learn better.
Keywords: achievement test, English vowel sounds, gamification, interest, nursery class, sound-bingo technique
PENGARUH MARKETING MIX (4P) TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Wardiman Ivan Godang 
Published: September 2022

The rapid development of the retail industry has led to increasingly high competition. Marketing strategy is something that must be done by every industry to maintain and increase revenue and protect consumers. This study aims to analyze and test the product, price, location or distribution, and promotion variables on consumer purchasing decisions at Alfamart Teluk Kuantan. This research includes quantitative research and uses a questionnaire method to obtain data. Data analysis used multiple regression analysis and T test and F test. The results based on the T test found that the promotion variable had a significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions, while the product, price, and distribution variables had no effect on purchasing decisions at Alfamart Teluk Kuantan. The F test found that the four variables simultaneously affect consumer purchasing decisions at Alfamart Teluk Kuantan.
Keywords: Alfamart, marketing mix, purchasing decisions

Abstrak
Berkembangnya industri retail secara pesat menyebabkan persaingan yang semakin tinggi. Strategi pemasaran merupakan hal yang wajib dilakukan oleh setiap industri untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan pendapatan serta menjaga konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan menguji variabel produk, harga, lokasi atau distribusi, dan promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen di Alfamart Teluk Kuantan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif serta menggunakan metode kuesioner untuk memperoleh data. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dan uji T dan uji F. Hasil berdasarkan uji T diketahui bahwa variabel promosi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen, sedangkan variabel produk, harga, dan distribusi tidak berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian di Alfamart Teluk Kuantan. Uji F menemukan bahwa keempat variabel secara simultan mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen di Alfamart Teluk Kuantan.
Kata kunci: Alfamart, bauran pemasaran, keputusan pembelian,
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI MELALUI ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR
Authors: Fransyah Kris , Qodriah Sari Laelatul , Hartati Wiwi 
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of work ability and work motivation on employee performance through Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Case Study at the LPP RRI Cirebon Office). This study uses four variables, namely work ability (X1), work motivation (X2), Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Z), and employee performance variable (Y). The method used is a quantitative method. The sample in this study amounted to 54 respondents who are employees of LPP RRI Cirebon. The data used are primary data and secondary data in the form of interviews, questionnaires, literature studies and document studies. Data analysis using multiple regression and Sobel test. The results of this study indicate that partially the work ability variable has a significant positive effect on OCB, work motivation has a significant positive effect on OCB, work ability has no significant positive effect on employee performance, work motivation has a significant positive effect on employee performance, OCB has a significant positive effect on performance. employees, then based on the Sobel test results show that OCB mediates the effect of work ability on employee performance, OCB mediates the effect of work motivation on employee performance.
Keywords: Work Ability, Work Motivation, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Employee Performance.
Dilacerated distolingual root of mandibular first molar mimicking cementoblastoma: case report by radiographic findings
Authors: Wulansari Dwi Putri , Rachmawati Ika , Azhari Azhari 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: This case report aimed to report an extra root number of mandibular first molars that are mimicking benign cementoblastoma in the periapical radiograph and clarified using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination.
Case Report: A 22-year-old female patient was referred from private clinic to Radiology Department of Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital for a CBCT examination of the left mandibular first molar with benign cementoblastoma as the provisional diagnosis.
Conclusion: It is necessary to consider CBCT examination in order to obtain accurate diagnosis of the presence of distolingual root.