bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences between blood and cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary Acidic protein levels: The effect of sample stability
Authors: Simrén Joel , Weninger Haley , Brum Wagner S. , Khalil Shilla , Benedet Andréa L. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Ashton Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionRecent evidence has shown that the marker of reactive astrogliosis, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), has a stronger relationship with cerebral amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology in blood than in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This study investigates if pre‐analytical treatment of blood and CSF contribute to these unexpected findings.MethodsPaired CSF and serum samples from 49 individuals (Aβ‐negative = 28; Aβ‐positive = 21) underwent a series of seven freeze‐thaw cycles (FTCs). All samples were analyzed for GFAP and neurofilament light (NfL) using single molecule array technology including a fresh unfrozen sample from each patient.ResultsFTC significantly affected CSF GFAP concentration (−188.12 pg/ml per FTC) but not serum GFAP. In the same samples, NfL remained stable. Serum GFAP had a higher discrimination of Aβ burden than CSF GFAP, irrespective of FTC, which also included unfrozen samples.DiscussionThis study demonstrates large stability differences of GFAP in CSF and serum. However, this disparity does not seem to fully explain the stronger association of serum GFAP with Aβ pathology. Further work should investigate mechanisms of GFAP release into the bloodstream under pathological conditions.
An environmental DNA approach to informing restoration of the functionally extinct oyster, Ostrea angasi
Authors: Coutts Alexander , O'Brien Allyson , Weeks Andrew R. , Swearer Stephen E. , van Rooyen Anthony , Branigan Simon , Morris Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The success of oyster reef restoration can be enhanced by data on the distribution of remnant populations to inform the selection of suitable restoration locations. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction‐based environmental DNA (eDNA) assay was designed to provide distribution data for the oyster, Ostrea angasi, whose reefs are functionally extinct in Port Phillip Bay, Australia.
Ostrea angasi eDNA accumulation and decay was measured in aquaria containing oysters in low and high densities, prior to testing the efficacy of the eDNA approach for detection of oysters at 15 field sites. Ostrea angasi eDNA accumulated significantly faster in aquaria where more individuals were present, while eDNA became undetectable 2–6 days after oysters were removed in low‐density treatments.
The eDNA samples were successful at detecting O. angasi in the field when taken in close proximity of an oyster population. Increasing the sample number and volume could maximize oyster detection, demonstrating the potential of eDNA to identify suitable sites for the restoration of functionally extinct marine ecosystems.
Critical Role of LMCD1 in Promoting Profibrotic Characteristics of Lung Myofibroblasts in Experimental and Scleroderma‐Associated Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Bogatkevich Galina S. , Atanelishvili Ilia , Bogatkevich Andrew M. , Silver Richard M. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a serious complication and leading cause of mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). In this study, we explored the role of LIM and cysteine‐rich domains protein 1 (LMCD1) as a novel factor in the pathogenesis of SSc‐related ILD (SSc‐ILD).MethodsThe expression and effects of LMCD1 were studied in lung tissue samples and fibroblasts from SSc‐ILD patients and control subjects as well as in lung tissue samples from animal models.ResultsLMCD1 was consistently elevated in lung tissue samples and in fibroblasts isolated from SSc‐ILD patients as compared to controls. Additionally, LMCD1 was found to be highly expressed in the lung in the fibroblast‐specific protein (FSP)–driven, constitutively active transforming growth factor β receptor type I (TGFβR1) transgenic mouse model of ILD and the bleomycin‐induced mouse model of ILD. In lung fibroblasts from SSc‐ILD patients, LMCD1 is an essential factor for the TGFβ‐induced generation of type I collagen, fibronectin, and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). Depletion of LMCD1 by small interfering RNA reduced the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and lowered transcriptional activity and expression of α‐SMA, as well as decreased the proliferation and contractile activity of SSc‐ILD lung fibroblasts. In dense fibrotic areas of affected lung tissue, lung LMCD1 colocalized with α‐SMA. In cultured scleroderma lung fibroblasts, LMCD1 colocalized and interacted with serum response factor which mediates LMCD1‐induced contractile activity of lung fibroblasts.ConclusionOur study identifies LMCD1 as a profibrotic molecule contributing to the activation of myofibroblasts and the persistent fibroproliferation observed in SSc‐ILD. Thus, LMCD1 may be a potential novel therapeutic target for patients with SSc‐ILD.
Preparation of a novel group of chemiluminescent N‐substituted acridinium esters
Authors: Smith Keith , Mu Xiaojing , Li Zhaoqiang , Woodhead J. Stuart , El‐Hiti Gamal A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral novel N‐substituted acridinium esters 7–16 containing a 10‐methyl, 10‐dodecyl, or 10‐(ω‐[succinimidyloxycarbonyl]alkyl) group have been synthesized and their chemiluminescent properties have been tested. Their chemiluminescent efficiencies and hydrolytic stabilities have been found to be affected by the characteristics of the group on the nitrogen atom. Dibromo‐substituted leaving groups slightly accelerate the chemiluminescence process.
Simultaneous determination of serum tryptophan metabolites in an older Chinese population
Authors: Wang Sheng , Feng Rui , Chen Guan‐Jun , Sang Yan‐Ru , Kong Li , Yu Shui‐Xin , Tao Fang‐Biao , Liu Kai‐Yong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTryptophan (TRP) and its metabolites exhibit significant biological effects and are strongly associated with age‐related disease and mortality. However, reports on quantitatively analyzing these metabolites in older individuals are not available. We used ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to optimize and validate a method for isotope dilution analysis of TRP metabolites in older individuals. The targeted analytes are TRP, serotonin or 5‐hydroxytryptamine, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, indole‐3‐acetic acid, indole‐3‐propionic acid, and tryptamine. The serum sample was purified using solid‐phase extraction and was separated on a Waters HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). The analytes were detected in the multiple reaction monitoring mode under positive ionization. TRP was confirmed and measured after being diluted 100 times. This method exhibited satisfactory linearity (r > 0.99). The intrabatch and interbatch accuracies (85.7–114%) and precisions (<15%) were acceptable. The standard‐normalized matrix effects ranged from 51.6 to 145%. This method was successfully applied to a cohort of 1021 older Chinese individuals, and this study may enable further understanding of the metabolic phenotypes associated with TRP in other populations.
How academic performance influences social integration: The moderation effect of cultural distance among Chinese cross‐borderers
Authors: Jieyi Hu , Kiu Cheung Chau , Baojian Xie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundInternal migration or cross‐border migration differs from traditional migration. The influence of academic performance on social integration among migration or cross‐border student groups has drawn attention.MethodA survey collected data from cross‐border students in Mainland China.The sample included 616 university students (bachelor's, master's, and doctoral students) coming from Hong Kong studying in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province.ResultsThe moderating effect of cultural distance in the relationship between academic performance and social integration was significantly negative (β = –0.081, p < 0.05). The effect of academic performance on social integration was significantly positive (β = .104, p < .05). Length of time studying in the Mainland, social status, entrance exam score (which might affect the current academic performance), and acquiescence are as the control variable in examining the role of cultural distance in the effect of academic performance on social integration. This result embodies the functionalist theory.ConclusionThe host society is the structural whole requiring the function of social integration, whereas education is the structural component fulfilling the function. When cultural distance is large, the function of education for social integration decreases. The practical implication for enhancing social integration is relieving or bridging the distance.
Intracortical myelin in individuals with alcohol use disorder: An initial proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Morris Vanessa , Bock Nicholas , Minuzzi Luciano , MacKillop James , Amlung Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionDisruption of cortical gray matter and white matter tracts are well‐established markers of alcohol use disorder (AUD), but less is known about whether similar differences are present in intracortical myelin (ICM, i.e., highly myelinated gray matter in deeper cortical layers). The goal of this study was to provide initial proof‐of‐concept for using an optimized structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence to detect differences in ICM in individuals with AUD compared to control participants reporting drinking within recommended guidelines.MethodsThis study used an optimized 3T MRI sequence for high intracortical contrast to examine ICM‐related MRI signal in 30 individuals with AUD and 33 healthy social drinkers. Surface‐based analytic techniques were used to quantify ICM‐related MRI signal in 20 bilateral a priori regions of interest based on prior cortical thickness studies, and exploratory vertex‐wise analyses were examined using Cohen's d effect size.ResultsThe global distribution of ICM‐related signal was largely comparable between groups. Region of interest analysis indicated that AUD group exhibited greater ICM‐related MRI signal in precuneus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, middle anterior cingulate, middle/posterior insula, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Cohen's ds = 0.50–0.75). Four regions (right precuneus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) remained significant (p < .05) after covarying for smoking status.ConclusionThese findings provide initial evidence of ICM differences in a moderately sized sample of individuals with AUD compared to controls, although the inflation of type 1 error rate necessitates caution in drawing conclusions. Robustly establishing these differences in larger samples is necessary. The cross‐sectional design cannot address whether the observed differences predate AUD or are consequences of heavy alcohol consumption.
Heterogeneously Catalyzed Carboxylic Acid Hydrogenation to Alcohols
Authors: Karam Leila , Neumann Constanze N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis critical review discusses the synthesis of alcohols via hydrogenation of carboxylic acids promoted by heterogeneous metal catalysis. The introductory chapter rationalizes the comparative reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives, which is proceeded by a description of different mechanisms for carboxylic acid hydrogenation. Reaction pathways are discussed that give rise to undesired side products, before comparing the reactivity of different classes of carboxylic acid substrates with a focus on biomass‐derived carboxylic acids. The final portion of the review aims to guide researchers in the selection of appropriate reaction conditions, such as the choice of solvent, transition metal, and catalyst support.
Material Ductility and Buckling Behaviour of Eurocode‐compliant Cold‐formed Steel Hollow Columns
Authors: Landolfo Raffaele 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSquare and rectangular cold‐formed hollow sections are generally produced by either direct forming or indirect forming. These methods allow manufacturing nominally similar geometries of the cross‐sections, but leading to some different mechanical characteristics. The present paper addresses cold‐formed structural hollow sections produced by indirect forming that are characterized by the greater residual stresses, focusing on (i) the ductility of the cold‐formed material in the corners and flat parts of the section; (ii) the reliability of the buckling curves given by EN1993‐1‐1 for this type of columns. The reliability assessment is performed using first order reliability method on a detailed and validated numerical model developed in OpenSees. The results show that the current curve “c” in EN1993‐1‐1 underestimates the buckling capacity of stocky members.
Ductility and Strength of High‐strength Bolted Connections for High‐strength Constructional Steels
Authors: Li Guo‐Qiang , Lyu Yi‐Fan , Wang Yan‐Bo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper conducts an investigation on ductility and strength of high strength bolted connections for high strength constructional steels. Ductility and strength of different bolted connection types are comprehensively studied and compared. It is found that reduction in material elongation capacity for high strength steels has negligible effect on the ductility of bolted connections. When the net cross‐section failure is prevented, similar ductility is found for the bearing‐type bolted connection with different number of bolts. In addition, the misalignment of bolt hole will not introduce negative effect on ductility and strength of the connection. The load‐displacement curve for the connection with misaligned bolt hole will coincide with the connection without misaligned bolt hole. It is concluded that similar ductility of bearing‐type connection is maintained with increasing steel grade while strength of multi‐bolt connection in high strength steel can still be calculated by summation of each individual bolt.
Distortion – Induced Fatigue Failure at Main Girders of a Railway Bridge – Strain Measurements in Service and Analyses Based on Fracture Mechanics
Authors: Derler Christoph , Unterweger Harald 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAt the main girders of a three span continuous plate girder railway bridge, built in the 1970s, through‐thickness cracks were detected in the web, at the location of the transverse stiffener to main girder connections. Based on former Austrian standards for steelwork, the transverse stiffeners are not welded to the main girder flanges in order to increase their fatigue resistance. Instead, fitting pieces between the stiffeners and the bottom flanges were used.Within the paper the geometry and the location of the cracks are presented. For the global stresses, due to moments and shear forces, numerical simulations of the train passages were done. Based on these global stresses only, the fatigue damage for the main girders was evaluated at each position of a transverse stiffener connection. Since there was no significant agreement between the distribution of the global fatigue damage along the main girder and the crack positions, the out‐of‐plane distortion in the web gap region was expected as the obvious cause for the cracks.To verify the complex local stress field in the web gap region (interaction of global and local stresses), comprehensive strain measurements were done during service. The relevant results, including passages of slow and fast individual locomotives, passenger and freight trains, are presented and compared.Finally, based on the measured stress range spectra the further crack growth behavior was analyzed and the residual fatigue life was predicted using a linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach where also the mixed‐mode conditions at the crack tips were considered.
Geometrical Digital Twinning of a Tapered, Horizontally Curved Composite Box Girder Bridge
Authors: Chacón Rolando , Ramonell Carlos , Puig‐Polo Càrol , Mirambell Enrique 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA composite bridge located in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona represents one of the sites for demonstrating the capabilities of digital twins on maintenance of built assets. Digital twins can be deemed to as digital living replica of the physical one that provides real time information throughout adequate connectivity (sensors, images, remote sensing) and provides automated visualization of the asset for decision‐making purposes (performance indicators that are assessed regularly). This demonstrator is an 846 meters long composite bridge with plates and a concrete slab. The plates are tapered along a portion of its length. The bridge is horizontally curved with a bifurcation at its end. One of the challenges in this demonstrator is to reproduce realistically the “as built” shape of the plates using a terrestrial laser scanner for simulation purposes. The outcome of this specific side of the digital twinning (other sides also include many sensor‐ and image‐based methods) is of great interest for maintenance managers. Understanding the real configuration of the asset represents an accurate starting point for subsequent modelling.
Moment Resistance Analysis of Thin‐walled Stiffened Sections by the Alternative Method of EN1993: Part:1‐3
Authors: Carvalho Carlos , Prola Luís 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThin‐walled sections distortional buckling phenomena is treated in EN1993 part:1‐3 (EC3‐1‐3) through the calculation of reduced thickness of stiffeners group, mainly by the application of the simplified method presented in this specification which comes with a limitation of applicability to non‐standard sections or with multiple stiffeners that can result in over conservative or insecure results.With the objective of facilitating de study/utilization of such kind of sections by designers, maintaining a safe set of results and without the overwhelming amount of calculations, the alternative method in clause 5.5.1(7) is used, applied only to the distortional analysis and correspondent effective thickness of stiffenersThis alternative method allows the use of Linear Buckling Analysis (LBA), which, in this paper, are obtained through the Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) by the GBTUL computer application that applies this theory in the identification of distortional modes and buckling critical loads calculation. The results are then incorporated in EC3‐1‐3 algorithm as defined in clause 5.5.1(7). For the application of this alternative method the LBA results are integrated with EC3‐1‐3 using the Class4Section application, updated for this paper, which uses the critical buckling loads for the calculation of the critical stress of stiffeners group. This more generic approach by the alternative method is easily implemented in computational environment.Following previous work by the authors, the section moment capacity is analyzed in this paper by applying this alternative method and comparing it with available experimental results for selected thin‐walled sections mainly used in flexural problems, namely Sigma and Omega section types, as well as the most commonly known C and Z sections, but with multiple stiffeners.
Experimental and Numerical Studies of Bolted Lap Joints at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Der Batuhan , Wald František 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental and numerical studies of bolted double lap joints at ambient and elevated temperatures. Nine experiments conducted at the Czech Technical University in Prague investigated the mechanical behavior of bolted lap joints at 20°, 400° and 600°C. The design strengths of steel joints subjected to tensile forces are predicted using European standards for steel structures. The general finite element (FE) software ABAQUS/Standard 6.14 is employed for the numerical analysis. In this work, different numerical models are prepared to investigate a modeling technique of the bolted joints The plates are modelled using solid and shell elements and the bolt is represented by solid element and a combination of beam elements coupled to surfaces. All the studied models consider the contact behavior. The numerical models are validated using data from experimental tests. The analytical model serves for verification of numerical models. The validation and verification approved the numerical models. Consequently, the modeling techniques used in this research can give reasonable results to predict the resistance bolted joints at elevated temperature and can be used to predict the resistance in design level.
Ductile Fracture Simulation of Stainless Steel Coupons Under Monotonic Tensile Forces
Authors: González‐de‐León Isabel , Arrayago Itsaso , Nastri Elide , Real Esther 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStainless steel alloys exhibit a nonlinear stress‐strain behaviour which can be precisely described by the Ramberg‐Osgood material model up to the ultimate stress. However, there is no consensus on the ductile fracture model under monotonic loading, which affects the post‐necking stress‐strain behaviour, to be adopted for stainless steels, even though the fracture model may have clear applications in structural design, such as in predicting joint failure in direct design approaches. This study presents the calibration of the fracture parameters for two of the most common ductile fracture models: the modified critical stress model and the Lee and Wierzbicki model. The calibrations are based on experimental results from tensile coupons tests on austenitic, ferritic and duplex stainless steel, extracted from cold‐formed tubes and sheet material, and on advanced finite element simulations. The calibrated values show a low dispersion for each of the analysed materials, indicating that the fracture parameters are an inherent property of the material, and which have been found to be slightly higher for the more ductile alloys. Average values of the fracture parameters for different stainless steels are also preliminarily proposed for their direct application in finite element simulations.
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Cross‐sectional Behaviour of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Zhang Ruizhi , Amraei Mohsen , Piili Heidi , Gardner Leroy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPowder bed fusion (PBF) is an additive manufacturing method that enables complex metallic components to be manufactured with high precision. The microstructure, mechanical properties and cross‐sectional behaviour of PBF additively manufactured stainless steel circular hollow sections are investigated through experiments in this paper, with a view to applications in construction. The experimental programme included tensile coupon tests, microstructural characterisation, initial geometric imperfection measurements and compression tests on PBF 316L stainless steel cylindrical shells with large diameter‐to‐thickness (D/t) ratios. Advanced measurement methods – 3D laser scanning and digital image correlation, were employed to measure the specimen geometries prior to testing and deformation fields during testing, respectively. The possible anisotropy in mechanical properties was examined through tensile coupon tests and correlated with the underlying microstructural and textural features. Compression tests were performed to investigate the resistance against local buckling of thin‐walled cylindrical shells produced by PBF. All cylindrical shells buckled below their yield loads with a chequerboard failure mode and revealed the anticipated trend of reducing capacity relative to the yield load with increasing local slenderness, reflecting the increasing susceptibility to local buckling.