bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular Biometry Among Cataract Surgery Candidate Patients In Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Regassa Tolossa Tufa , Sori Sisay Bekele , Ababor Jafer Kedir , W/Mikael Dagmawit Kifle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background: Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in the world. The precision of biometry is crucial for meeting the expectations of patients undergoing cataract surgery. To meet these expectations, attention to accurate biometry measurements is critical. Ocular biometric parameters such as axial length (AL), corneal power (K), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) vary with gender, age, and ethnicity, and hence are different among different populations. This study aimed to determine the means and ranges for axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal power values, and pattern of astigmatism and cataract surgery candidate patients of Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based, prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all adult patient candidates for cataract surgery in Jimma Medical Centre Ophthalmology clinic. Each participant underwent non-cycloplegic autorefraction and a full ophthalmic examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurement, and fundus examination (if visible). The corneal curvature (K), AL, and ACD were measured using IOLMaster (Carly Zeiss Meditech AG Jene, Germany).Results:The study evaluated 308 eyes of consecutive cataract surgery candidates with a mean age of 61.05 years ± 10.11 (SD). The mean AL and ACD were 23.20 ± 0.72 mm and 2.92 ± 0.37 mm respectively. The mean ± SD keratometry readings (K1 and K2) were 43.23 ± 1.49D and 44.29 ± 1.54D respectively.The mean K value was 43.75 ± 1.45D. The median corneal astigmatism was 1.00D. The mean ± SD and median of intra-ocular lens power were 21.60 ± 1.62D and 21.50D. Gender-based analysis of AL and K readings revealed statistically significant shorter AL in female eyes (22.92 ± 0.75mm) than in males (23.39 ± 0.64mm) (p=0.000), but more keratometric readings in females (44.06 ± 1.60D) than males (43.55 ± 1.30D) (p=0.003). The anterior chamber is deep in males as compared to females (2.93mm Vs 2.90mm). The mean ± SD IOL power was 21.30 ± 1.50D in males and 22.08 ± 1.70D in females (p=0.006). Against-the-rule astigmatism (ATR) was found in 177 eyes (57.50%). The axis of corneal astigmatism turned in the ATR direction with age.Conclusions: The mean AL was 23.20 ± 0.72mm, the mean K reading was 43.75 ± 1.45 diopter(D), and the mean ACD was 2.92 ± 0.37mm. The mean corneal astigmatism was 1.13D and the ATR axis was the predominant finding. Females had a statistically significantly shorter mean axial length as compared to males but more keratometric readings. The anterior chamber is deep in males as compared to females though not statistically significant. The mean IOL power needed to achieve emmetropia was 21.60D.
Alterations in the tegument surface of adult fluke, Fasciola gigantica, after in vitro treatment with the crude venom of the oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis
Authors: Abdelsater Naser , Amer Omar , Elshehaby Mohammed , Mohamed Sara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Triclabendazole is the only known effective treatment against both pre-adult and adult worms infecting the hepatic parenchyma and bile ducts, respectively. We aimed to investigate the antiparasitic activity of the venom of the wasp, Vespa orientalis (WV), against the adult Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) worm, as WV has known pharmacological properties. We assessed its anthelmintic efficacy using 40 adult F. gigantica flukes collected from slaughtered cattle divided into four groups (10 each). Three worms in each group were treated with 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml of WV, while a fourth untreated one was used as control. After WV treatment, the tegument area of the fluke’s body was assessed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This revealed several tegumental alterations all over the fluke's body, including sunken spines due to local swelling, complete disappearance of spines from their sockets, furrowing and sloughing of the basal lamina, splitting off some spines to resemble an “open jaw,” broken oral and ventral sucker teguments, increased swelling of the ventral sucker with loss of its ridges, severe swelling and smoothening of the ventral sucker due to loss of normal transverse ridges, deformed cirrus, and swollen sensory papillae with blebs. The sensory papillae were completely disrupted and dislodged, leaving pits and a series of holes throughout the basal lamina and severely eroded, turning into lesions exposing the basement membrane. These findings indicate that WV can be potentially used to treat fascioliasis. However, further in vivo studies on the activity of WV treatment are recommended.
Temporal Sylvian Fissure Arachnoid Cyst In Children: Treatment Outcome Following Microsurgical Cyst Fenestration With Special Emphasis on Cyst Reduction and Subdural Collection
Authors: Tomita Tadanori , Kwasnicki Amanda M. , McGuire Laura S. , DiPatri Arthur J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Controversy remains regarding surgical managements of sylvian fissure arachnoid cyst (SFAC). This review presents our experience in the microsurgical fenestration of pediatric patients with SFAC to define surgical indication, and risks and benefits with special emphasis on postoperative subdural fluid collection (SDFC) and cyst size reduction.
Methods
Thirty-four children with SFAC who underwent microsurgical cyst fenestration at a single institution over 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed for their clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings and postsurgical course. The SFACs were classified by a novel grading system based on the degree of arachnoid cyst extension from the sylvian fissure to the insular cistern shown on MR images; Grade 0 – little or no prominence of sylvian fissure, Grade I - SFAC confined to the sylvian fissure, Grade II – SFAC partially extending to the insular cistern, Grade III – SFAC extending to entire insular cistern.
Results
There were 26 males and 8 females. SFAC was present in the left side in 24. Twelve patients presented with cyst rupturing to the subdural space. Cyst grading did not show significant difference compared with rupture status (p > 0.9). All patients underwent microsurgical cyst fenestration. Postoperative SDFC is common but often resolved overtime in two thirds of the cases with the mean average of 6 months. However, 3 patients had symptomatic postoperative SDFC and needed reoperation shortly after the first operation. Microsurgical cyst fenestrations for SFAC effectively resolved the presenting symptoms and often showed restore intracranial structures on follow-up imaging. Cyst resolution or reduction greater than 75% were noted in 61.8% of the patients postoperatively which was noted in a half of the SFAC of children even with age of 11 year or older. During the follow up, no cyst recurrence or SDFC were noted. Patients with greater surgical reduction of cyst size tended to occur in younger children, and those with lower MR grade.
Conclusion
Our results showed a high reduction rate of SFAC and brain re-expansion after microsurgical fenestration together with symptomatic improvements regardless the patient’s age. Considering the developing CNS during childhood, reductions of a large space occupying lesion followed by restorations of the structural integrity of the developing brain are very desirable. However, a multi-center cooperative prospective longitudinal study on long-term comparative data of those treated and untreated of neuro-psychological outcome and cyst rupture incidence is needed.
Refining the Role of Cervical Spine Immobilization and Stabilization in Pediatric Non-Accidental Trauma, a Retrospective Series of 1008 Patients
Authors: Samples Derek C. , Staulcup Susan , Hovis Gabrielle , Gustin Paul , Meier Maxene , Mirsky David , Hankinson Todd 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Prompt detection of traumatic cervical spine injury is important as delayed or missed diagnosis can have disastrous consequences. Given the understood mechanism of non-accidental trauma (NAT), it is reasonable to suspect that cervical spine injury can occur. Current management of young children being evaluated for NAT includes placement of a rigid collar until clinical clearance or an MRI can be obtained. Currently, there exists a lack of robust data to guide cervical bracing. Anecdotally, our group has not observed a single patient with a diagnosis of NAT who required operative stabilization for cervical spine instability. This study will be the largest series to date and aims to systematically investigate this observation to determine the likelihood that children with a diagnosis of NAT harbor cervical spine instability related to their injuries.
Methods
Patient data from the Children’s Hospital Colorado Trauma Registry diagnosed with non-burn only NAT were reviewed retrospectively. Children less than 4 years of age pulled from the registry from January 1, 2005 - March 31, 2021 were included. Demographic, admission/discharge, imaging, and clinic management data were collected for each patient and analyzed.
Results
There were 1,008 patients included in the cohort. The age at presentation ranged from 5 days to 4 years (mean 10.4 months). No patient had X-ray or CT findings concerning for cervical instability. Three patients had MRI findings concerning for cervical instability. Two of these underwent external bracing and the third died from unrelated injuries during their hospitalization. Only four patients were discharged in a cervical collar and all were ultimately cleared from bracing. No patient underwent a spinal stabilization procedure.
Conclusions
While the mechanism of injury in many NAT cases would seem to make significant cervical spine injury possible, this single center retrospective review of a large experience indicates that such injury is exceedingly rare. Further study is merited to understand the underlying pathophysiology. However, it is reasonable to consider cervical collar clearance in the setting of normal radiographs and a reassuring neurological exam. Furthermore, if concerns exist regarding cervical spine instability on MRI, an initial trial of conservative management is warranted.
Improving polarization description in positron-molecule scattering: a model potential approach
Authors: Sanchez Sergio D , Barbosa Alessandra Souza , Frighetto Francisco Fernandes 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the present article we have proposed and tested a new polarization scheme within the Schwinger Multichannel method based on a model potential to describe positron-molecule polarization and correlation. For this test, we have calculated integral and differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of positrons by pyrazine and compared these results with the existing theoretical and experimental data. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the possible bound state, we have also obtained the scattering lenghts. Our current results greatly improved previous {\it ab-initio} calculations showing a significantly better agreement between the theoretical results and experimental results, particularly at low angles for the differential cross sections.
Growing Carbon Nanotubes In-site via Chemical Vapor Deposition and Resin Pre-coating Treatment on Anodized Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Substrates for Stronger Adhesive Bonding with Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Cheng Fei , Xu Yang , Zhang Jinheng , Wang Lin , Wan Qi , Li Wanpeng , Wang Lei , Lv Zhenfei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Adhesive bonding between titanium (Ti) alloy and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is extensively utilized to achieve lightweight and sufficient strength in aircraft structures. In this study, acid pickling, anodizing, heating treatments and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method were applied to Ti-6Al-4V Ti substrates, and CFRPs were grinded to compare the performances. The resin pre-coating (RPC) technique was employed to improve voids defects at substrate channel root. SEM images indicated Ti substrates surface were covered with growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via CVD and epoxy resin were guided into channel root to reduce defects using RPC treatment. Single lap shear tests results exhibited adhesive bonding strengths of anodized composites were higher than that of acid pickled composites. RPC technique applied to Ti substrates after growing CNTs improved shear strengths by 22.3% than adhesive bonding directly. The combined treatments of anodizing, CVD and RPC had the shear strength of 23.98 MPa improved by 123.5% than that of acid pickling, which was higher and more stable than the one by external introduction of CNTs via RPC. The failure mode changed from adhesive failure to dominated cohesive failure. Therefore, the novel combined treatments are effective and suitable for aerospace industries.
Understanding the Thermal Stability of TKX-50, ABTOX and their Key Precursors through Band Gaps and MESP: A DFT Approach
Authors: Adak P. K. , Singh Sunil Kumar , Singh Jaivindra , Mahesh Siribattula , Jain M. K. , Banerjee Shaibal , Khan Md Abdul Shafeeuulla 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
TKX-50 (Dihydroxylammonium 5,5’-bistetrazolate-1,1’-dioxide) is a recent time invention by Klapotke et. al in the field of high energy materials and it out performs all the existing materials by means of performance parameters. It is rising as potential energetic material due to favorable thermal insensitivity, low toxicity and safe handling. The decomposition temperature (Tmax) values of precursors such as glyoxime (I), 1,2-Dichloroglyoxime (II), 1,2-Diazidoglyoxime (III) and bistetrazoledihydroxide (IV) and ending products TKX-50 (V) and ABTOX (VI) have been attempted to correlate with the results obtained from molecular electrostatic potentials and band gaps calculated from the difference of ionization potential and electron affinity. The molecular electrostatic potential values of azido attached -NO group of III is much less than that of hydro/chloro attached -NO group of I/II and that of tetrazole groups IV, V and VI. The band gaps calculated have shown the stability trend in the increasing order of III < II < I < IV < V < VI which is well corroborated with stability trend drawn from experimentally determined decomposition temperatures. Further, employing conceptual density functional theory (DFT) molecular descriptors, band gap values were calculated via the difference of ionization potential and electron affinity to understand the thermal stability of TKX-50, ABTOX and its precursors.
VidAnalytics: ML-based Video Analysis for Identification of Target Audience in Business Development
Authors: Mehta Dhruv , Gandhi Harvy , Parekh Jinay , Sharma Tanya , Kanani Pratik , Kore Aniket 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Content creators throughout the globe are confronted with an issue that cannot be solved by creativity. In today's competitive marketing landscape, ensuring that your product is advertised to the correct audience in the proper direction is critical. A video Indexer combines multiple audio and video Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies into a single integrated service, simplifying development. This paper presents a clean, one-stop solution that will instantly assist anyone wishing to sell their product by abstracting away all the dirty API calls and loading windows. This is done by offering three core services: label identification (video analysis), keyword identification (audio analysis), and sentiment analysis. Combining insights from these channels provides a list of Reddit communities that the user can then target to market their content effectively. Furthermore, by recognizing the sentiments inside the video, the user has an advantage by acquiring specific target markets for where to distribute their content. Additionally, intelligent emotion filtering allows users to customize the message's tone.
Nutritional status and associated factors among adult on Antiretro-viral therapy in Gamo zone public health facilities, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kabtu Nigus , Feleke Tesfaye , Kefelew Etenesh , Temesgen Darik , Yihune Manaye , Zerihun Eshetu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction:

Nutritional status is continuing a major public health concern in low income countries. Now a day, sub-Saharan African countries are facing double burden of malnutrition. There are evidences on underweight among general population, but limited evidences on overweight/obesity among people living with HIV. Thus, this study is designed to assess nutritional status and associated factors among adult on antiretroviral therapy.

Objective:

To assess nutritional status and associated factors among adults on antiretroviral therapy in Gamo zone public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods:

Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 10 to April 10, 2022, among systematically selected 414 adults on antiretroviral therapy. The data were collected by using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, patient record review, and physical measurements. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. A p-value < 0.05 with its 95% CI was considered as a statistically significant and interpreted accordingly.

Results:

The magnitude of Underweight and Overweight/Obese were 28.3% (95% CI: 24.0-32.9)) and 13.3% (95% CI: 10.2–17.0)) respectively. Divorced (AOR = 3.71(1.345–7.496)), not finishing CPT (AOR = 2.96(1.41–6.231)), taking < 5 food groups (AOR = 2.87(1.574–5.266)), food insecure (AOR = 2.69(1.163–6.234)), and chewing khat (AOR = 2.78(1.09–7.114)) were significantly associated with underweight as compared to normal. Whereas, drinking alcohol (AOR = 1.61(1.09–3.61)), and monthly income of < 2000 ETB (AOR = 0.33(0.115–0.954)) were significantly associated with overweight/obese as compared to normal among adults on antiretroviral therapy.

Conclusion:

The magnitude of underweight among adult on Antiretro viral therapy is higher and magnitude of overweight/obese among adult on Antiretro viral therapy is lower as compared from most of the previous studies. Divorce, taking < 5 food groups, food insecured and chewing khat were factors for underweight, and income and alcohol drinking were factors for overweight/obese. Therefore, this finding shows the need to implement nutritional supplement and health education to improve the nutritional status of adults living with HIV in the study area.
Rogue waves on the periodic background in the extended mKdV equation
Authors: Zhen Yanpei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We construct new exact solutions for the extended mKdV (emKdV) equation, The exact solutions are obtained by nonlinearization of spectral problem associated with the travelling periodic waves and using the one-fold, two-fold Darboux transformation. We consider the dnoidal travelling periodic wave and cnoidal travelling periodic wave of the emKdV equation. Since the dnoidal travelling periodic wave is modulationally stable, the algebraic solutions propagating on dnoidal periodic background. However, since the cnoidal travelling periodic wave is modulationally unstable, the rogue wave generated on the cnoidal periodic background.
Research on Ecological Compensation for Construction Land from a Carbon Emission Perspective
Authors: Lei Na , Zhang Yang , Li Juan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Construction lands are the main sources of carbon emissions. In this study, data on the energy consumption, permanent population, and gross domestic product (GDP) of Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2018 were collected. Using a carbon emission assessment model, the emissions from all the cities and the demonstration area in Shaanxi Province were evaluated. Ecological compensation standards for carbon emissions were determined. The analyses showed the following results: (1) From 2010 to 2018, the total and per capita carbon emissions from construction land showed an upward trend. Generally, the carbon emissions per unit GDP for all the cities and the demonstration area in Shaanxi Province showed a downward trend. (2) The total, per capita, and per unit GDP regional carbon emissions in Shaanxi Province varied significantly. In 2010 and 2018, Yulin and Yangling Demonstration Area showed the highest and lowest total carbon emissions, respectively. Yulin and Shangluo showed the highest and lowest per capita carbon emissions, respectively. In 2010, the highest and lowest carbon emissions per unit GDP were from Weinan and Xi’an, respectively, whereas in 2018, they were from Tongchuan and Xi’an, respectively. (3) The construction land area correlates with the carbon emissions from Shaanxi Province between 2010 and 2018, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9248. The fitted function can be used as a model for predicting carbon emissions and can provide a scientific basis for quantitative accounting of carbon emissions from construction land. (4) According to moderate estimates, the ecological compensation that should be provided by all the cities and the demonstration area in Shaanxi Province for 2018 is 1.29 to 1.44 times that for 2010. The growth periods were the shortest and longest for Yangling Demonstration Area and Tongchuan, respectively. These results can act as a reference to plan low-carbon, green, and sustainable economic development in Shaanxi Province.
Regularity and mechanism of fake crackle noise in an electronic stethoscope： A observational study
Authors: Ye Peitao , Li Qiasheng , Jian Wenhua , Liu Shuyi , Tan Lunfang , Chen Wenya , Zhang Dongying , Zheng Jinping 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Electronic stethoscopes are widely used for cardiopulmonary auscultation; their audio recordings are used for the intelligent recognition of cardiopulmonary sounds. However, they generate noise similar to a crackle during use, significantly interfering with clinical diagnosis. This paper will discuss the causes, characteristics, and occurrence rules of the fake crackle and establish a reference for improving the reliability of the electronic stethoscope in lung auscultation.
Methods: A total of 56 participants with healthy lungs (no underlying pulmonary disease, no recent respiratory symptoms, and no adventitious lung sound, as confirmed by an acoustic stethoscope) were enrolled in this study. A 30-s audio recording was recorded from each of the nine locations of the larynx and lungs of each participant with a 3M Littmann 3200 electronic stethoscope, and the audio was output in diaphragm mode and auscultated by the clinician. The doctor identified the fake crackles and analyzed their frequency spectrum. High-pass and low-pass filters were used to detect the frequency distribution of the fake crackles. Finally, the fake crackle was artificially regenerated to explore its causes.
Results: A total of 500 audio recordings were included in the study, with 61 fake crackle audio recordings. Fake crackles were found predominantly in the lower lung. There were significant differences between lower lung and larynx (P < 0.001), lower lung and upper lung (P = 0.005), lower lung and middle lung (P = 0.005), and lower lung and infrascapular region (P = 0.027). Furthermore, morethan 90% of fake crackles appeared in the inspiratory phase, similar to fine crackles, significantly interfering with clinical diagnosis. The spectral analysis revealed that the frequency range of fake crackles was approximately 250–1950 Hz. The fake crackle was generated when the diaphragm of the electronic stethoscope left the skin slightly but not completely.
Conclusion: Fake crackles are most likely to be heard when using an electronic stethoscope to auscultate bilateral lower lungs, and the frequency of a fake crackle is close to that of a crackle, likely affecting the clinician’s diagnosis.