bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of Variation in the Spectral Slope of the Sleep EEG
Authors: Kozhemiako Nataliia , Mylonas Dimitris , Pan Jen Q. , Prerau Michael J. , Redline Susan , Purcell Shaun M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe 1/fspectral slope of the electroencephalogram (EEG) estimated in the γ frequency range has been proposed as an arousal marker that differentiates wake, nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Here, we sought to replicate and extend these findings in a large sample, providing a comprehensive characterization of how slope changes with age, sex, and its test-retest reliability as well as potential confounds that could affect the slope estimation. We used 10,255 whole-night polysomnograms (PSGs) from the National Sleep Research Resource (NSRR). All preprocessing steps were performed using an open-source Luna package and the spectral slope was estimated by fitting log-log linear regression models on the absolute power from 30 to 45 Hz separately for wake, NREM, and REM stages. We confirmed that the mean spectral slope grows steeper going from wake to NREM to REM sleep. We found that the choice of mastoid referencing scheme modulated the extent to which electromyogenic, or electrocardiographic artifacts were likely to bias 30- to 45-Hz slope estimates, as well as other sources of technical, device-specific bias. Nonetheless, within individuals, slope estimates were relatively stable over time. Both cross-sectionally and longitudinal, slopes tended to become shallower with increasing age, particularly for REM sleep; males tended to show flatter slopes than females across all states. Our findings support that spectral slope can be a valuable arousal marker for both clinical and research endeavors but also underscore the importance of considering interindividual variation and multiple methodological aspects related to its estimation.
Endogenous Circadian Clock Machinery in Cortical NG2-Glia Regulates Cellular Proliferation
Authors: Dean Terry , Koffi Aissia Victoria , Goldstein Evan , Ghaemmaghami Javid , Gallo Vittorio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe molecular circadian clock can be found throughout the body and is essential for the synchronizing cellular physiology with the 24 h day. However, the role of the clock in regulating the regenerative potential of the brain has not been explored. We report here that murine NG2-glia, the largest population of proliferative cells in the mature central nervous system, rhythmically express circadian clock genes in a 24 h period, including the critical clock componentBmal1RNA and BMAL1 protein. Interestingly, daily NG2-glia proliferation preferentially occurs during the time of day in whichBmal1expression is high, while conditional knockout ofBmal1decreases both cortical NG2-glia density and cellular proliferation. Furthermore, in a neurotrauma model, we show that pathology-induced NG2-glia proliferation is also dependent onBmal1expression. Because circadian rhythm disturbances are common in neurologic disorders across the life span, including in traumatic brain injury, these findings bear significant implications for cellular regeneration in brain injuries and disease.
A Midbrain Inspired Recurrent Neural Network Model for Robust Change Detection
Authors: Sawant Yash , Kundu Jogendra Nath , Radhakrishnan Venkatesh Babu , Sridharan Devarajan 
Published: September 2022

We present a biologically inspired recurrent neural network (RNN) that efficiently detects changes in natural images. The model features sparse, topographic connectivity (st-RNN), closely modeled on the circuit architecture of a “midbrain attention network.” We deployed the st-RNN in a challenging change blindness task, in which changes must be detected in a discontinuous sequence of images. Compared with a conventional RNN, the st-RNN learned 9x faster and achieved state-of-the-art performance with 15x fewer connections. An analysis of low-dimensional dynamics revealed putative circuit mechanisms, including a critical role for a global inhibitory (GI) motif, for successful change detection. The model reproduced key experimental phenomena, including midbrain neurons' sensitivity to dynamic stimuli, neural signatures of stimulus competition, as well as hallmark behavioral effects of midbrain microstimulation. Finally, the model accurately predicted human gaze fixations in a change blindness experiment, surpassing state-of-the-art saliency-based methods. The st-RNN provides a novel deep learning model for linking neural computations underlying change detection with psychophysical mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFor adaptive survival, our brains must be able to accurately and rapidly detect changing aspects of our visual world. We present a novel deep learning model, a sparse, topographic recurrent neural network (st-RNN), that mimics the neuroanatomy of an evolutionarily conserved “midbrain attention network.” The st-RNN achieved robust change detection in challenging change blindness tasks, outperforming conventional RNN architectures. The model also reproduced hallmark experimental phenomena, both neural and behavioral, reported in seminal midbrain studies. Lastly, the st-RNN outperformed state-of-the-art models at predicting human gaze fixations in a laboratory change blindness experiment. Our deep learning model may provide important clues about key mechanisms by which the brain efficiently detects changes.
Deiters Cells Act as Mechanical Equalizers for Outer Hair Cells
Authors: Zhou Wenxiao , Jabeen Talat , Sabha Sultan , Becker Jonathan , Nam Jong-Hoon 
Published: September 2022

The outer hair cells in the mammalian cochlea are cellular actuators essential for sensitive hearing. The geometry and stiffness of the structural scaffold surrounding the outer hair cells will determine how the active cells shape mammalian hearing by modulating the organ of Corti (OoC) vibrations. Specifically, the tectorial membrane and the Deiters cell are mechanically in series with the hair bundle and soma, respectively, of the outer hair cell. Their mechanical properties and anatomic arrangement must determine the relative motion among different OoC structures. We measured the OoC mechanics in the cochleas acutely excised from young gerbils of both sexes at a resolution fine enough to distinguish the displacement of individual cells. A three-dimensional finite element model of fully deformable OoC was exploited to analyze the measured data in detail. As a means to verify the computer model, the basilar membrane deformations because of static and dynamic stimulations were measured and simulated. Two stiffness ratios have been identified that are critical to understand cochlear physics, which are the stiffness of the tectorial membrane with respect to the hair bundle and the stiffness of the Deiters cell with respect to the outer hair cell body. Our measurements suggest that the Deiters cells act like a mechanical equalizer so that the outer hair cells are constrained neither too rigidly nor too weakly.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMammals can detect faint sounds thanks to the action of mammalian-specific receptor cells called the outer hair cells. It is getting clearer that understanding the interactions between the outer hair cells and their surrounding structures such as the tectorial membrane and the Deiters cell is critical to resolve standing debates. Depending on theories, the stiffness of those two structures ranges from negligible to rigid. Because of their perceived importance, their properties have been measured in previous studies. However, nearly all existing data were obtainedex situ(after they were detached from the outer hair cells), which obscures their interaction with the outer hair cells. We quantified the mechanical properties of the tectorial membrane and the Deiters cellin situ.
The Impact of Modernization on Traditional Perahus in Banjarmasin South Kalimantan Indonesia in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Susilowati Endang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract: This article studies the impact of modernization on traditional means of transportation in Banjarmasin port, South Kalimantan. Model of Ã Campo which is generally chosen when traditional sector is set against the modern, i.e. adoption, adaptation, relocation, and withdrawal (exit) is used to analyze the issues in this article. The results of this study show only two options that match with the model, i.e. adaptation and relocation when traditional perahu (Indonesian) faced modern shipping and trade in Banjarmasin port. Adaptation is the right choice, as the perahus will continue to exist. Often perahus do not have any other choice but to relocate their shipping and trading activities to a smaller pier in the hinterland of South Kalimantan.Â Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji dampak modernisasi pada alat transportasi tradisional di pelabuhan Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan. Model Ã Campo yang umumnya dipilih ketika sektor tradisional berlawanan dengan yang modern, yaitu adopsi, adaptasi, relokasi, dan penarikan (keluar) digunakan untuk menganalisis isu-isu dalam artikel ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya dua pilihan yang sesuai dengan model, yaitu adaptasi dan relokasi ketika perahu tradisional (Indonesia) menghadapi pelayaran dan perdagangan modern di pelabuhan Banjarmasin. Adaptasi adalah pilihan yang tepat, karena perahu-perahu akan terus ada. Seringkali perahu-perahu tidak punya pilihan lain selain merelokasi aktivitas pelayaran dan perdagangannya ke dermaga yang lebih kecil di pedalaman Kalimantan Selatan.
Architectural Glory and Cultural fusion of Indo-Islamic and Bundeli Architecture during the Later Medieval Period
Authors: Shrivastava Vinay 
Published: September 2022

This article analyzes the glory and article fusion of Indo Islamic in South Asia during the Period of Pran Nath Temple Prana. In this research paper, after studying the primary source material available in Prannath temple, Panna, new facts have been compiled and analyzed from them, and new facts have been exposed. An intensive field survey has also been used in this research paper to shed light on the untouched points. Research result shows that: (1) In this region of Bundelkhand, the temple of Mahamati Prannath has become the center of religious tourism. Thousands of pilgrims have come over here in the Winter Festival in November every year after Dushahara for Sharad Purnima International Festival, (2) The temple of Prannath has become the architectural hub in Bundelkhand and provides so many primary sources to the researcher. Kuljam Swaroop, the pious Grantha of Pranami Sect, have preserved here in original form. This holy and religious grantha gives us valuable information for the regional history of Bundelkhand. (3) The temple of Prannath is a vast center of Communal harmony and Hindu-Muslim unity in this region (4) The Temple of Prannath provides a primary historical source regarding local history, history of Rulers of Bundelkhand, especially Maharaja Chatrasal, who was the disciple of Mahamati Prannath. The heritage of Bundeli and Islamic Architecture is very important for tourism objects.Artikel ini menganalisis kejayaan dan peleburan artikel Indo Islam di Asia Selatan pada Masa Prana Kuil Pran Nath. Dalam makalah penelitian ini, setelah mempelajari bahan sumber utama yang tersedia di Candi Prannath, Panna, fakta-fakta baru telah dikumpulkan dan dianalisis darinya, dan fakta-fakta baru telah terungkap. Sebuah survei lapangan intensif juga telah digunakan dalam makalah penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan poin-poin yang belum tersentuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Di kawasan Bundelkhand ini, Candi Mahamati Prannath menjadi pusat wisata religi. Ribuan peziarah telah datang ke sini dalam Festival Musim Dingin pada bulan November setiap tahun setelah Dushahara untuk Festival Internasional Sharad Purnima, (2) Kuil Prannath telah menjadi pusat arsitektur di Bundelkhand dan menyediakan begitu banyak sumber utama bagi peneliti. Kuljam Swaroop, Grantha yang saleh dari Sekte Pranami, telah diawetkan di sini dalam bentuk aslinya. Grantha suci dan religius ini memberi kita informasi berharga untuk sejarah regional Bundelkhand. (3) Kuil Prannath adalah pusat luas kerukunan Komunal dan persatuan Hindu-Muslim di wilayah ini (4) Kuil Prannath menyediakan sumber sejarah utama mengenai sejarah lokal, sejarah Penguasa Bundelkhand, terutama Maharaja Chatrasal, yang murid Mahamati Pranath. Peninggalan Bundeli dan Arsitektur Islam sangat penting untuk objek wisata.
Rubber, Oil Palm and Accumulation in Rural West Kalimantan, 1910s - 2010s
Authors: Semedi Pujo 
Published: September 2022

The article argues that social tensions in Indonesian oil palm cultivation have social origins internal to the communities that have adopted oil palm, and it traces some of these origins back across several processes of land conversion. In the early 20th century, the adoption of rubber among West Kalimantan farmers led to the privatization of land tenure and wealth accumulation in the hand of village traders, tokeh, that eventually caused social tension within the community. More money has come to the farmers following the conversion of land from rubber to oil palm since the 1990s, and the money is accompanied by a quicker pace of land accumulation in the hands of the village rich and plantation companies. This process opens a path for the grow of local, village-based capitalism.Artikel ini menyampaikan bahwa ketegangan sosial berkaitan dengan budidaya sawit di Indonesia bersumber dari dari dinamika sosial di dalam masyarakat petani saat mereka mengadopsi tanaman pasar ini. Pada awal abad ke-20, adopsi karet di kalangan petani Kalimantan Barat menyebabkan privatisasi penguasaan tanah dan penumpukan kekayaan di tangan pedagang desa, tokeh, yang akhirnya menimbulkan ketegangan sosial di dalam masyarakat. Uang dalam jumlah yang lebih besar diterima para petani setelah mereka mengganti karet dengan sawit sejak tahun 1990-an. Kedatangan uang tersebut dibarengi dengan laju akumulasi tanah yang lebih cepat di tangan orang-orang kaya desa dan perusahaan perkebunan. Proses ini membuka jalan bagi tumbuhnya kapitalisme lokal berbasis pedesaan.Cite this article: Semedi, P. (2022). Rubber, Oil Palm and Accumulation in Rural West Kalimantan, 1910s - 2010s. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(1), 33-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.29470
Weber’s Ideal Type and the Indonesian Historical Writing
Authors: Akhyat Arif 
Published: September 2022

This paper explains subject–object relations in Max Weber's idealist-structural concept. A sociologist and philosopher of history, Weber argued that social change cannot be separated from structural and dialectic thought as well as the ideal type behind its structural creations. Examining various historical cases offers a perspective on objectivity and subjectivity. Subject– object relations create dialectical relationships that reconstruct knowledge and awareness of historical reality. Historical reality, thus, is the final step in the creation of knowledge that comes from the subject. The paper seeks to understand how Weber's concept of ideal type has influenced historical philosophy in general and Indonesian historiography in particular. This article concludes that historians no longer simply describe and explain facts, but also provide alternative "new constructions": ethical, moral, and superstructural values that determine historical patterns and trends.Tulisan ini menjelaskan relasi subjek-objek dalam konsep structural-idealisme Weber. Sebagai sosiolog dan filsuf sejarah, Weber berargumentasi bahwa perubahan social terjadi sebagai akibat hubungan struktur dan proses-proses dialektik sebagai bentuk idealisme dibalik semua proses social yang terjadi. Relasi subjektivitas dan objektivitas membentuk struktur dialektik yang kemudian memunculkan pengetahuan tentang apa yang disebut realitas sejarah. Realitas sejarah dengan demikian merupakan proses pengetahuan yang dibentuk dari relasi subjektivitas-objektivitas. Tulisan ini menjelaskan bagaimana konsep Ideal Weber itu dipahami dan pengaruhnya terhadap penulisan sejarah Indonesia? Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa sejarawan Indonesia, langsung atau tidak langsung, menggunakan konsep ideal Weber dalam karyanya yang tidak hanya berbicara deskripsi dan narasi dalam menjelaskan sejarah, namun ada konstruksi baru pengaruh nilai-nilai, etika dan suprastruktur yang kuat dan menjadi cara menentukan pola dan kecendrungan sejarah.Cite this article: Akyat, A. (2022). Weber’s Ideal Type and the Indonesian Historical Writing. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(1), 86-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.32171
Diffusive drug delivery in the brain extracellular space from a cellular scale microtube
Authors: Störi Marie-Joe , Oluwasanya Pelumi W. , Proctor Christopher M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effectiveness of state-of-the-art systemic treatments for neurological disorders is hampered not only by the difficulty in crossing the blood brain barrier but also off-target drug interactions. In this study, a delivery method is simulated for a novel U-shaped microtube locally infusing drugs directly into the extracellular space of the brain and relying on diffusion as a transport mechanism. The influence of flow rate, drug properties and device geometry are investigated. It is anticipated that these findings will accelerate progress on both developmental and applied drug delivery and materials research.
Graphical abstract
Postmodernistyczne boje z religią – próba zarysowania problemu
Authors: Duk Andrzej 
Published: September 2022

It is often said that in modern times we are dealing with a strong tendency to secularize all manifestations of personal and social life. And indeed, when it comes to the traditional understanding of religion, this is the case. Some even argue that religion is a naturally vanishing phenomenon, which means that there is no future for it (Dennett). However, many postmodern humanists have a different view. They argue, for example, that the present times are not so secularized (Habermas), and religion also plays an important role in the lives of individuals (Kristeva) and societies (Bauman), which should be used for the good of the emerging new culture. However, this understanding of the new religion stripped of its transcendental references is also questioning the durability and value of the new culture based on it.
Rozeznawanie dziewicy konsekrowanej w kierownictwie duchowym
Authors: Stypułkowska Beata 
Published: September 2022

This paper deals with the issue of responsibility of a consecrated virgin for her formation, part of which is discernment in spiritual direction. It brings up the question of persons who can serve a consecrated virgin with spiritual guidance, namely the spiritual director, the permanent confessor, and the diocesan bishop. It discusses the sources of spiritual life, which are the Word of God, i.e., Scripture and Tradition, the spirituality of the consecrated virgin and liturgy, and the voice of the heart, in the aspect of spiritual direction. The issue of obedience and internal resistance in spiritual direction is addressed. The process of individual discernment as it relates to spiritual direction is also discussed.
A consequence of the notional existence of an effectively calculable yet non-recursive function
Authors: Olszewski Adam 
Published: September 2022

The present paper is devoted to a discussion of the role of Church’s thesis in setting limits to the cognitive possibilities of mathematics. The specific aim is to analyse the formalized theory of arithmetic as a fundamental mathematical structure related to the theory of computation. By introducing notional non-standard computational abilities into this theory, a non-trivial enlargement of the set of theorems is obtained. The paper also indicates the connection between the inclusion of new functions through the development of axioms and the potential modification of inference rules. In addition, the paper provides an explanation of the role of inclusion of a certain interpretation of the meaning of the axioms of the theory in that theory.
Status of incidence of cervical cancer in the Republic of Tajikistan
Authors: Abdugaffarova N. A. 
Published: September 2022

Background. Cervical cancer (CC) still occupies a leading position in the structure of oncological diseases in the world. In the Republic of Tajikistan, there is a tendency for the growth of oncological diseases, and CC is consistently ranked second.Objective: comparison of overall incidence rates of CC in the Republic of Tajikistan for the period from 2000 to 2020.Materials and methods. To track the dynamics of CC in the structure of cancer incidence, we studied the data of reports on diseases of malignant neoplasms according to forms No. 7 and No. 35 of the Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period 2000–2020.Results. The incidence rates of cervical cancer in the republic ranged from 4.7–8.7 per 100,000 of the female population. A similar incidence of cervical cancer is noted in the most densely populated regions – Khatlon (3.5–9.9 per 100,000 female population) and Sughd (5.9–10.8 per 100,000 female population), lower rates in districts of republican subordination (3.3–7.9 per 100,000 women), and in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, the rates varied from 4.6 to 14.7 per 100,000 women, being the highest. CC most often occurred at the age of 35–64 years. CC can be detected at stages I–II in 65–83 % of cases. In 10–19 %, this is a locally advanced process that characterizes the III stage of the disease, and on average, every tenth patient with CC treats with an advanced process (stage IV). Every year, 50–93 % of patients die from the number of newly diagnosed cases. The highest rates of newly diagnosed cases of malignant neoplasms were noted in the B. Gafurov district – from 154 to 198 patients. In Panjakent and Kushoniyon district, these figures are 7–10 times lower: 27–74 and 23–44 cases, respectively. CC was the leading nosology in the structure of oncological morbidity in the Kushoniyon district, while in the district of B. Gafurov and the city of Penjikent, breast cancer was the leader for all the years under study.Conclusion. Regional features can have a direct impact on the system of practical health care and their ability to provide quality care to the population, i. e. the remoteness and inaccessibility of the regions of residence determine the possibility of providing full-fledged medical care to the population, and, as a result, higher mortality rates from malignant neoplasms, in particular, CC. Consequently, our republic needs new approaches and views to reduce the mortality of women from CC in conditions of limited resources.
Énoncés définitoires directs français et leurs équivalents lituaniens et polonais dans le corpus parallèle
Authors: Cholewa Joanna , Valiukienė Vita 
Published: September 2022

L’article porte sur les énoncés définitoires avec les marqueurs désigner, signifier, vouloir dire et c’est-à-dire. Les données linguistiques proviennent du corpus parallèle des textes littéraires contemporains français-lituanien-polonais. L’analyse sera focalisée sur les équivalents lituaniens et polonais des marqueurs sélectionnés. Nous chercherons à savoir (1) quels sont ces équivalents dans les deux langues de traduction, (2) s’il y a des régularités dans les traductions des énoncés avec les marqueurs sélectionnés.
Dans le cas de désigner, les traductions polonaise et lituanienne gardent le caractère de l’énoncé définitoire, dans lequel s’exprime la relation signe→chose. Le rapport interprétatif des énoncés définitoires de signification (marqueurs signifier et vouloir dire) est également majoritairement préservé dans la traduction. Par contre, le caractère de reformulation paraphrastique, présent grâce à c’est-à-dire, est préservé en polonais seulement dans 3 cas sur 19 avec czyli. En lituanien, cette relation persiste dans 11 cas grâce à deux marqueurs : tai yra et kitaip tariant.