bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New and old approaches to nutritional management of acute and chronic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Hanna Ramy M. , Ahdoot Rebecca S. , Rhee Connie M. , Tantisattamo Ekamol , Al Ammar Fawaz , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
It has been well published that a low protein diet (0.6–0.8 g/kg/day) is optimal for nutritional management of chronic kidney disease and with care be used without inducing protein malnutrition.

Recent findings
Though care with this approach must be demonstrated in patients with end-stage renal disease and with prominent protein energy wasting, another category of renal patient exists for whom dietary recommendations need more exploration. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes consortium, actually identifies renal disease as those patients with reduced filtration and those with excessive proteinuria excretion. Proteinuria, indeed, has proven to be a serious marker predisposing renal patients to atherosclerotic heart disease, venous thromboembolism, cerebrovascular accidents, and overall mortality. We discuss what is known about nutritional strategies to curb proteinuria and control inflammation in the setting of glomerulonephritis.

Summary
While this area of management of a set of conditions maybe nascent, it has the potential to provide incredible breakthroughs in nutritional management of auto immune diseases of the kidney specifically and the body writ large.
IMPELLA VERSUS EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION IN CARDIOGENIC SHOCK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Abusnina Waiel , Ismayl Mahmoud , Al-abdouh Ahmad , Ganesan Vaishnavi , Mostafa Mostafa Reda , Hallak Osama , Peterson Emily , Abdou Mahmoud , Goldsweig Andrew M. , Aboeata Ahmed , Dahal Khagendra 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) carries high mortality. The roles of specific mechanical circulatory support (MCS) systems are unclear. We compared the clinical outcomes of Impella versus extracorporal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with CS. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis that was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov (inception through May 10, 2022) for studies comparing the outcomes of Impella versus ECMO in CS. We used random-effects models to calculate risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs). End points included in-hospital, 30-day, and 12-month all-cause mortality, successful weaning from MCS, bridge to transplant, all reported bleeding, stroke, and acute kidney injury. Results: A total of 10 studies consisting of 1,827 CS patients treated with MCS were included in the analysis. The risk of in-hospital all-cause mortality was significantly lower with Impella compared with ECMO (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65–1.00; P = 0.05), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in 30-day (RR, 0.97, 95% CI, 0.82–1.16; P = 0.77) and 12-month mortality (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.74–1.11; P = 0.32). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of successful weaning (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.81–1.15; P = 0.70) and bridging to transplant (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.58–1.35; P = 0.56). There was less risk of bleeding and stroke in the Impella group compared with the ECMO group. Conclusions: In patients with CS, the use of Impella is associated with lower rates of in-hospital mortality, bleeding, and stroke than ECMO. Future randomized studies with adequate sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
LATE POSTPANCREATICODUODENECTOMY HEMORRHAGE: INCIDENCE, RISK FACTORS, MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME
Authors: Jacquemin Mathieu , Mokart Djamel , Faucher Marion , Ewald Jacques , Tourret Maxime , Brun Clément , Tezier Marie , Mallet Damien , Nguyen Duong Lam , Cambon Sylvie , Pouliquen Camille , Ettori Florence , Sannini Antoine , Gonzalez Frédéric , Bisbal Magali , Chow-Chine Laurent , Servan Luca , de Guibert Jean Manuel , Boher Jean Marie , Turrini Olivier , Garnier Jonathan 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:Postpancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) hemorrhage (PPH) is a life-threatening complication after PD. The main objective of this study was to evaluate incidence and factors associated with late PPH as well as the management strategy and outcomes. Methods: Between May 2017 and March 2020, clinical data from 192 patients undergoing PD were collected prospectively in the CHIRPAN Database (NCT02871336) and retrospectively analyzed. In our institution, all patients scheduled for a PD are routinely admitted for monitoring and management in intensive/intermediate care unit (ICU/IMC). Results: The incidence of late PPH was 17% (32 of 192), whereas the 90-day mortality rate of late PPH was 19% (6 of 32). Late PPH was associated with 90-day mortality (P = 0.001). Using multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for late PPH were postoperative sepsis (P = 0.036), and on day 3, creatinine (P = 0.025), drain fluid amylase concentration (P = 0.023), lipase concentration (P < 0.001), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration (P < 0.001). We developed two predictive scores for PPH occurrence, the PANCRHEMO scores. Score 1 was associated with 68.8% sensitivity, 85.6% specificity, 48.8% predictive positive value, 93.2% negative predictive value, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.841. Score 2 was associated with 81.2% sensitivity, 76.9% specificity, 41.3% predictive positive value, 95.3% negative predictive value, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.859. Conclusions: Routine ICU/IMC monitoring might contribute to a better management of these complications. Some predicting factors such as postoperative sepsis and biological markers on day 3 should help physicians to determine patients requiring a prolonged ICU/IMC monitoring.
Rhizopus homothallicus, an emerging pathogen causing cavitary lung lesions
Authors: Taneja juhi , Chatterjee Kuhu , Sachdeva Ruchi Arora , Abbas S Zafar , Sen MK 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Rhizopus homothallicus is a new emerging pathogen causing Mucormycosis.
Case Presentation: We report a case of pneumonia caused by Rhizopus homothallicus in a 54 year old type 2 diabetic patient. The organism was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and preliminary identified by fungal morphology and finally by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region.
Conclusion: Mucormycosis may be associated with cavitary lung lesions in the backdrop of poorly controlled diabetes or other immunosuppressed states. Pulmonary mucormycosis may have variable clinical and radiological presentations. Therefore, strong clinical suspicion and prompt management can prevent high fatality associated with the disease.
Preliminary exploration of facial electromyographic indices of pain in people undergoing hand surgery
Authors: Panchevski Filip , Mavridou Ifigeneia , Gjoreski Hristijan , Gjoreski Martin , Kiprijanovska Ivana , Stankoski Simon , Nduka Charles , Broulidakis John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAssessing pain levels in real-world conditions, such as during active surgery, can be challenging. Self-reports, often considered globally as ‘ground-truth’ can be unreliable, episodic and ill-suited to routine monitoring or use with non-verbal patients. Lately, physiological measurements have been explored as an objective method for assessing the symptoms of pain increase on the body. We investigated the effects of pain (high pain) using facial mask – emteqPRO, equipped with seven facial electromyographic (fEMG) sensors.Our aims were to: (i) investigate the efficacy of continuous physiological monitoring within surgery at a hospital environment, and (ii) to produce initial findings and show how pain increase affects the data from fEMG sensors.
Public perceptions, knowledge and factors associated with the acceptability of genetically modified foods in Kampala city, Uganda
Authors: Nowamukama Miria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFood is a basic human need important for the survival of all human beings. The rapidly growing world population puts pressure on food sources, inviting the need to devise mechanisms to sustain it. Biotechnology has developed important measures for improving plants and livestock as a remedy for food security with aim to achieve the Sustainable Development goal two (2). Globally, the adoption and use of genetically modified foods (GMFs) has been controversial as it is in Uganda today due to concerns related to the risk uncertainties. This study was therefore conducted to assess the public perceptions, knowledge and factors that influence the acceptability of genetically modified foods in Kampala City.This was a cross sectional quantitative study that involved one hundred and ninety-eight participants. The data were collected using a survey tool and summarized using descriptive and linear regression analysis.The findings of this study showed that almost two-thirds of participants (129/198, 65%) had some basic knowledge on genetically modified foods. About 45.3% (90/198) of the participants perceived genetically modified foods as being unsafe for human consumption. Eighty-eight participants (44.3%) perceived them as being associated with major human health and environmental safety concerns. The acceptability of these foods was significantly associated with gender, education level, nutritional value and health effects. Female participants were more likely to accept genetically modified foods (OR.4.84 95% CI: 1.37 - 7.68). Those who perceived genetically modified foods as being of high nutrition value were more likely to accept them (OR. 3.07, 95% CI: 1.27 - 7.37).The public is predominantly aware of genetical modified foods since a big proportion had basic knowledge about them although with a lot of misinformation. People with a higher education level had positive perceptions on the use of these foods hence a need to educate the public to dispel misinformation that influences their acceptability
Multivalent Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Demonstrate a Greater Breadth in T cell but not Antibody Responses
Authors: Wang Hsuan-Yuan (Sherry) , Li Leike , Nelson Cody S. , Barfield Richard , Valencia Sarah , Chan Cliburn , Muramatsu Hiromi , Lin Paulo J.C. , Pardi Norbert , An Zhiqiang , Weissman Drew , Permar Sallie R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains the most common congenital infection and infectious complication in immunocompromised patients. The most successful HCMV vaccine to-date, an HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine adjuvanted with MF59, achieved 50% efficacy against primary HCMV infection. A previous study demonstrated that gB/MF59 vaccinees were less frequently infected with HCMV gB genotype strains most similar to the vaccine strain than strains encoding genetically distinct gB genotypes, suggesting strain-specific immunity accounted for the limited efficacy. To determine whether vaccination with multiple HCMV gB genotypes could increase the breadth of anti-HCMV gB humoral and cellular responses, we immunized 18 female rabbits with monovalent (gB-1), bivalent (gB-1+gB-3), or pentavalent (gB-1+gB-2+gB-3+gB-4+gB-5) gB lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleoside-modified RNA (mRNA-LNP) vaccines. The multivalent vaccine groups did not demonstrate higher magnitude or breadth of the IgG response to the gB ectodomain or cell-associated gB compared to that of monovalent vaccine. Also, the multivalent vaccines did not show an increase in the breadth of neutralization activity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis against HCMV strains encoding distinct gB genotypes. Yet, peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived T cell responses elicited by multivalent vaccines were of a higher magnitude compared to that of monovalent vaccinated animals against a vaccine-mismatched gB genotype at peak immunogenicity. Our data suggests that inclusion of multivalent gB antigens is beneficial to increase the magnitude of T cell response but not an effective strategy to increase the breadth of anti-HCMV gB antibody responses. Further studies are required to validate whether the multivalent gB mRNA vaccines could effectively increase the T cell response breadth.
Multi-omics integration in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma reveals therapeutic targets and EAC-specific regulation of protein abundances
Authors: O’Neill J Robert , Mayordomo Marcos Yébenes , Mitulović Goran , Al Shboul Sofian , Bedran Georges , Faktor Jakub , Hernychova Lenka , Uhrik Lukas , Gomez-Herranz Maria , Kocikowski Mikołaj , Save Vicki , Vojtěšek Bořivoj , Arends Mark ,   OCCAMS consortium, Hupp Ted , Alfaro Javier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEfforts to address the poor prognosis associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have been hampered by a lack of biomarkers to identify early disease and therapeutic targets. Despite extensive efforts to understand the somatic mutations associated with EAC over the past decade, a gap remains in understanding how the atlas of genomic aberrations in this cancer impacts the proteome. Differences in transcript and the corresponding protein abundances remain under-explored, leaving gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disease.MethodsWe performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of 23 EACs and matched adjacent normal esophageal and gastric tissues. We explored the correlation of transcript and protein abundance used tissue-matched RNAseq and proteomic data from 7 patients and further integrated these data with a cohort of EAC RNA-seq data (n=264 patients), whole-genome sequencing (n=454 patients) and external published datasets.ResultsWe quantified protein expression from 5897 genes in EAC and patient-matched normal tissues. Several biomarker candidates with EAC-specific expression were identified including the transmembrane protein GPA33. We further verified the EAC-enriched expression of GPA33 in an external cohort of 115 patients and confirm this as an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target. To further extend the insights gained from our proteomic data, an integrated analysis of protein and RNA expression in EAC and normal tissues revealed several genes with poorly correlated Protein and RNA abundance, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of protein expression. These outlier genes including SLC25A30, TAOK2, and AGMAT, only rarely demonstrated somatic mutation suggesting post-transcriptional drivers for this EAC-specific phenotype. AGMAT was demonstrated to be over-expressed at the protein level in EAC compared to adjacent normal tissues with an EAC-specific post-transcriptional mechanism of regulation of protein expression proposed.ConclusionsBy quantitative proteomic analysis we have identified GPA33 as an EAC-specific biomarker. Integrated analysis of proteome, transcriptome, and genome in EAC has revealed several genes with tumor-specific post-transcriptional regulation of protein expression which may be an exploitable vulnerability.
High-resolution African HLA resource uncoversHLA-DRB1expression effects underlying vaccine response
Authors: Mentzer Alexander J. , Dilthey Alexander T. , Pollard Martin , Gurdasani Deepti , Karakoc Emre , Carstensen Tommy , Muhwezi Allan , Cutland Clare , Diarra Amidou , Antunes Ricardo da Silva , Paul Sinu , Smits Gaby , Wareing Susan , Kim HwaRan , Pomilla Cristina , Chong Amanda Y. , Brandt Debora Y.C. , Nielsen Rasmus , Neaves Samuel , Timpson Nicolas , Crinklaw Austin , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S. , Rautanen Anna , Kizito Dennison , Parks Tom , Auckland Kathryn , Elliott Kate E. , Mills Tara , Ewer Katie , Edwards Nick , Fatumo Segun , Peacock Sarah , Jeffery Katie , van der Klis Fiona R.M. , Kaleebu Pontiano , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Peters Bjorn , Sette Alessandro , Cereb Nezih , Sirima Sodiomon , Madhi Shabir A. , Elliott Alison M. , McVean Gil , Hill Adrian V.S. , Sandhu Manjinder S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow human genetic variation contributes to vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness is unclear, particularly in infants from Africa. We undertook genome-wide association analyses of eight vaccine antibody responses in 2,499 infants from three African countries and identified significant associations across the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus for five antigens spanning pertussis, diphtheria and hepatitis B vaccines. Using high-resolution HLA typing in 1,706 individuals from 11 African populations we constructed a continental imputation resource to fine-map signals of association across the class II HLA observing genetic variation explaining up to 10% of the observed variance in antibody responses. Using follicular helper T-cell assays,in silicobinding, and immune cell eQTL datasets we find evidence ofHLA-DRB1expression correlating with serological response and inferred protection from pertussis following vaccination. This work improves our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying HLA associations that should support vaccine design and development across Africa with wider global relevance.TeaserHigh-resolution typing of HLA diversity provides mechanistic insights into differential potency and inferred effectiveness of vaccines across Africa.
Long-term, multi-event surprise enhances autobiographical memory
Authors: Antony James W. , Van Dam Jacob , Massey Jarett R. , Barnett Alexander J. , Bennion Kelly A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeurobiological and psychological models of learning emphasize the importance of prediction errors (surprises) for memory formation. These effects have focused on memory for information surrounding a momentary surprising event; however, it is less clear whether surprise that unfolds across multiple events and timescales impacts memory. We asked basketball fans about their most positive and negative autobiographical memories of individual plays, games, and seasons, allowing surprise measurements spanning seconds, hours, and months. We used advanced analytics on National Basketball Association play-by-play data and betting odds spanning 17 seasons, >22K games, >5.6M plays to compute and align the estimated surprise values of each memory. We found that surprising events biased positive memories on the scale of seconds and months and negative memories across all three timescales. Critically, game and season memories could not be explained by surprise at shorter timescales, suggesting that long-term, multi-event surprise influences memory. These results expand the role of surprise in models of learning and reinforce its relevance in real-world domains.
Profound impact of hippocampal output on the interpretation of tactile input patterns in SI neurons
Authors: Etemadi Leila , Enander Jonas M.D. , Jörntell Henrik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDue to continuous state variations in neocortical circuits, individual SI neuronsin vivodisplay a variety of intracellular response types to repeated presentations of the exact same tactile input pattern. The specific intracellular response obtained depends on a time-evolving combination of the specific input with the current neocortical state. To manipulate the internal cortical state, we here used brief electrical stimulation of the output region of the hippocampus, which preceded the delivery of specific tactile afferent input patterns to digit 2 of the anesthetized rat. We find that hippocampal output had a diversified and remarkably strong impact on the specific set of intracellular response types each SI neuron displays to each given tactile input pattern. The findings show that hippocampal output can profoundly impact the state-dependent interpretation of tactile inputs in SI neurons and hence influence their perception, potentially with affective and semantic components.
Fcγ receptor-dependent antibody effector functions are required for vaccine protection against infection by antigenic variants of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mackin Samantha R. , Desai Pritesh , Whitener Bradley M. , Karl Courtney E. , Liu Meizi , Baric Ralph S. , Edwards Darin K. , Chicz Taras M. , McNamara Ryan P. , Alter Galit , Diamond Michael S. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTEmerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with antigenic changes in the spike protein are neutralized less efficiently by serum antibodies elicited by legacy vaccines against the ancestral Wuhan-1 virus. Nonetheless, these vaccines, including mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2, retained their ability to protect against severe disease and death, suggesting that other aspects of immunity control infection in the lung. Although vaccine-elicited antibodies can bind Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) and mediate effector functions against SARS-CoV-2 variants, and this property correlates with improved clinical COVID-19 outcome, a causal relationship between Fc effector functions and vaccine-mediated protection against infection has not been established. Here, using passive and active immunization approaches in wild-type and Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) KO mice, we determined the requirement for Fc effector functions to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The antiviral activity of passively transferred immune serum was lost against multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains in mice lacking expression of activating FcγRs, especially murine FcγR III (CD16), or depleted of alveolar macrophages. After immunization with the preclinical mRNA-1273 vaccine, protection against Omicron BA.5 infection in the respiratory tract also was lost in mice lacking FcγR III. Our passive and active immunization studies in mice suggest that Fc-FcγR engagement and alveolar macrophages are required for vaccine-induced antibody-mediated protection against infection by antigenically changed SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron strains.