bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of using Infographics as an Aid for Reading Comprehension
Authors: Revathy a/p Manickam  , Azlina binti Abdul Aziz  
Published: November 2022

The Malaysian education system highly regards the English language that the language is being taught in both primary and secondary schools for 11 years long. However, the Malaysian pupils seem to have not acquired the reading skills good enough. Therefore, the pupils need to have a support system that would enable them to make a better connection with their reading materials especially English reading materials and to lessen the cognitive load that they experience during their reading session. The purpose of this action research is to determine the effectiveness of using infographics to enhance reading comprehension among primary school pupils with average and weak English language proficiency. Sixteen Year 5 pupils from a semi-urban primary school at Pahang, Malaysia were chosen as its research participants. This study was inspired by the theory of Multimedia Learning by Richard E. Meyer. The data of this research was collected through tests; before the intervention and after the intervention. The data were collected from the test and were analyzed. The finding of this research shows that there is a significant improvement in the mean score from the pre-test to the post-test. The pupils were able to comprehend the text better through the intervention.
Experimental investigation of heat treated alloy for hardness using multiple linear regression model
Authors: M. Maruthi Rao  , NVVS Sudheer  
Published: November 2022

Quenching media, temperature and time plays vital role to improve the mechanical properties of metal and alloys. Tap water blend with cow urine different compositions hot metal at different temperature interval and quenched the blend and find the hardness values Al 2585 alloy. Cow urine contains different ingredients to enhance the mechanical properties of the meal and alloy. Ingredients like sodium and silicon some other elements present homogeneously improve properties like tensile strength, yield strength and hardness. Sodium refine the micro structure and silicon interlocking the grain boundaries of the metal. The model defined the relationship existing between the two variables of % of blend and temperature of specimen and hardness value, the dependent variables. This was correlated with existing theories are the relationship between Hardness and two variables. A analytical model was developed for the fore casting of hardness, it was proved and certified to be a positive valuation tool for estimating the hardness on the heat treatment process.
Theoretical research of the process of separating impurities from cotton flow on the vibrating inclined mesh surface
Authors: Salokhiddinova Makhliyo Nurmukhammad Qizi  , Muradov Rustam 
Published: November 2022

The theoretical and experimental analysis of movement processes of raw cotton on the inclined surface (a tray) is given in the article and different factors influencing cotton cleaning process are studied. Based on developed models, there is an opportunity to determine the efficiency of raw cotton being cleaned under different angles of the inclined plane and the change in its volume. It was observed that pattern of change in coefficient of cotton cleaning efficiency by time as a result of vibration of a tray is closely dependent on compression module and increase in cleaning efficiency was observed.
Awareness and Perception Towards Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV Guidelines Among Health Providers at the Saudi Maternity Hospital, Sudan
Authors: Haji Bashuura , Abdalla Afaf , Elnasry Soad , Mohammed Aeisha , Fadlalmola Hammad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is a basic approach to control the HIV epidemic. The goal of this research is to learn more about healthcare practitioners' knowledge, attitudes, and practices to PMTCT.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional institutional study was conducted amongst nurses, working at the Saudi maternity Hospital in Sudan. The data is collected by using a questionnaire designed for the study to collect the necessary data addressing knowledge, attitude, and factors associated with PMTCT services. Data analysis achieved by a statistical package for social science (SPSS) V 20, presented in figures and tables.
Result: From the respondent's answers find the mode of transmissions more than half of the nurse's selected needle stick (51.2%), encouraging women for HIV test during the pregnancy (97.5%), more than two-thirds (67.5%) felt worried when they are caring pregnant women with HIV. On the other hand, (91.2%) of the respondents indicate a willingness to assist with the delivery of a baby born to a mother with HIV/AIDS.
Conclusion: Without extensive training and an increase in staffing levels of knowledge, the quality of and access to PMTCT services will likely impact negatively.
Comparison of Methods of Isolation and Quantification of Cell Free DNA from Plasma of Patients with Breast Cancer.
Authors: Asiyah Bukhari  , Zahid Khan  , Asif Ali  , Nighat Nawaz  
Published: November 2022

Objective
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) released in response to necrosis in cancer patients The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of two commercial and two manual methods for cell-free DNA extraction. as well as to search for a method that is easy to extract the DNA from the plasma and cost-effective.
Methods
Plasma samples seven in number of patients of Breast Cancer was taken. We evaluated DNA quantity and its subsequent amplification obtained by four different cfDNA isolation methods; Modified Phenol Chloroform Isoamyl, Triton Heat Phenol, EpiQUik Circulating Cell-Free DNA isolation Easy kit” (EpiGentek) and “Nucleospin cfDNA kit”. Extracted DNA was quantified using Qubit and quantitative real-time PCR.
Results
Quantity of cf DNA varied between different extractions methods of a total of seven samples analyzed. The highest quantity was found from the samples extracted from the Nucleospin XS kit and the extraction efficiency was significantly higher in a pairwise comparison with the other three methods (p-value <0.0001). The concentration of the cfDNA obtained by all four methods was assessed on a Qubit fluorometer. The concentration was higher for the Nucleospin ?MPC?THP?Epiquik kit The qPCR values were consistently higher for Nucleospin XS as compared to all others. This indicates good amplifiability of Nucleospin XS
Conclusion
We tested four methods of cf DNA extraction. In our hands, Nucleospin XS gave the best yield and amplifiability. It is a quick and cost-effective method and sensitive for quantification of cfDNA on Real-time PCR. Therefore, it is highly recommended for clinical use of plasma as a liquid biopsy.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Salivary Gland Tumors in General Hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Shehzadi Chanda , Awais Sadia , Fatima Zeeshan , Atique Bisma , Irum Aqsa , Beenish Islam  , Khan Mirwaise , Afzal` Sabeera 
Published: November 2022

Background: Salivary gland tumours are relatively rare when compared with other oral neoplasms and morphologically diverse group of lesions. This study aimed to determine the demographic findings and distribution of salivary gland neoplasms. A relatively large group of patients was in Lahore from all over the country especially Punjab.Materials and mathods. A reterospective cross sectional study was performed to diagnose the prevalence of these tumors both benign and malignant in Pakistani population. primary epithelial SGT 76 cases are included in 5 years from 2013-2017. The data was collected from previously designed questionaires.Results:The general features of the relevant salivary gland tumors were analysed in the first section. Out of 74 cases, 47 were males and 29 were females. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was about 41 years. Overall these tumors were seen more frequently in males than in females.The more common site is Parotid glands. The most frequent tumor is pleomorphic adenoma and most prevelant malignant tumor is adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Ultrasound Versus Fluoroscopy for Image Guidance During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Khan Nasir , Hazratullah  , Ahsan Rafi  
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Fluoroscopes are commonly used in PCNL worldwide. While ultrasound is used for screening and localization of renal stones, its role in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is underutilized.
Objective: To compare the operative outcome, postoperative outcome and complications of ultrasound versus fluoroscopy guided PCNL.
Results: The study was performed from 1st April, 2018 to 30th Sept, 2021. A total of 305 patients were enrolled in the study, with 122 cases performed under ultrasound (UG-PCNL) and 183 under fluoroscopy guidance (FG-PCNL). In the ultrasound group, the mean age was 48.65 ± 12.11 years. 45 were females and 77 were males with a mean stone burden of 754.33 ± 241.22 mm2, with the majority of renal units demonstrating moderate to gross hydronephrosis. While in the fluoroscopy group 81 were females and 102 were males with a mean age 46.28 ± 12.65 years and mean stone size of 763.54 ± 288.97mm2. Partial staghorn stones were found in approximately 25.4% in UG-PCNL while 34.4% in FG-PCNL group. Preoperative parameters including age, sex, stone laterality, stone location, stone size, and severity of hydronephrosis did not differ between each group.There was no significant difference in successful tract creation, stone clearance, operation time , hospital stay, complications and ancillary procedure between UG-PCNL and FG-PCNL. Compared to fluoroscopy, ultrasonography had shorter puncture time, higher success rate of first puncture, shorter tract dilatation time, lesser drop in hemoglobin and lesser blood transfusion requirement.
Conclusion: Ultrasound is a safe alternative to fluoroscopy for successful percutaneous renal access and dilatation with similar stone clearance to that of fluoroscopy. The advantages of ultrasonography over fluoroscopy include shorter puncture time, higher success rate of first puncture, lower blood loss, and lower complications. It also avoids radiation exposure and use of contrast media.
Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology as primitive diagnostic tool in local population of Pakistan
Authors: Mehjabeen  , Khan Kashif Mehboob , Ahmed Naveed , Shafaque Mehboob  , Noor Jahan  , Farah Owais  
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasm among patients with thyroid swelling in local population of Pakistan.
Method: It was a retrospective study conducted in ENT and endocrinological department of JPMC Karachi and Khuzdar district between 1st august 2018 to 20th march 2019. The current study was performed to collect data for last five years patients in ENT and endocrinological departments. FNAC in all these patients was performed either by residents or consultants without local anaesthesia, using a 23-gauge needle. Smears were immediately fixed with 95% ethyl alcohol solution, and staining was performed using Papanicolaou, Hemacolour, and Haematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) stain. The results were classified into four groups: inadequate, benign, suspicious, and malignant.
A proforma was used for data collection, including registration number, age, gender, FNAC opinion , FNAC category , biopsy number and histology opinion. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC were calculated using the standard formulae
Results: The overall evaluation of FNAC technique as primitive tool reflected the accuracy of te method up to 87.7%, sensitivity 87.5% and specificity of 88% in local population of Pakistan. The presented study showed the safe use of FNAC with low rate of false negative results and few complicated cases.
Conclusion: FNAC helped to reduce the unnecessary surgery in the subjects with benign lesions and to produce better follow up investigations, therefore, improve the quality of life of the patients with thyroid lesions.
Potential of Organic Manures for Enhancing Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) Production in Pothohar Climatic Condition
Authors: Manzoor Hussain  , Abid Ali  , Saadia  , Muhammad Zeeshan  , Bashir Ahmad  , Abdul Khaliq  , Sher Afzal  , Iqra Mumtaz  , Naeem Arshad Maan  , Abdul Majid Khan  , Asad-ur- Rahman  , Natasha Kanwal  
Published: November 2022

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers is common for higher production of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Chemical fertilizers are costly andhave adverse effect on soil environment. Keeping in view avoidingthe side effects of chemical fertilizers, an experiment was carried out for evaluating the different organic manures to select potential organic manure for better groundnut production during 2018-19 at Groundnut Research Station Attock. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications, fivetreatments consisted of different organic and inorganic fertilizers i.e. T1 (FYM @7.5t/ha), T2 (PM @05t/ha), T3 (NPK @30:80:30 kg/ha), T4 (Vermicompost@ 2.5t/ha) and T5 control (zero fertilizer). Nutrients use efficiency, quality and yield components were recorded. The study revealed that organic manure can enhance the production and quality of Ground nut for replacing the chemical fertilizer. Poultry manure @ 05t/ha significantly produced higher yield (4203 kg/ha), shelling% (71%), 100 seed weight (72.66 g), plant height (31.66 cm), pods/plant(58.00), oil content (42.86%), protein(28.60%) during both the years over rest of treatments. Similarly FYM and vermicompost had better results than the NPK. Therefore it is recommended that poultry manure @05t/ha can improve groundnut yield under pothohar conditions of Pakistan.
Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus among Multigravida Females with the History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kousar Raheela , Islam Farooq , Raza Asim , Imtiaz Sabeeqa 
Published: November 2022

Background: Pakistan is having higher prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been linked with substantial short- and long-term adverse health results, such as Diabetes Mellitus, increased risk of cardio-metabolic disorders later in life among both women and infants. GDM has seven times significantly increased risk of diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study is to calculate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among multigravida females with the history of gestational diabetes.
Methodology:
A cross sectional study was conducted on 153 women with multigravida having history of gestational diabetes was selected by convenient sampling. This study was conducted between Augusts to December 2021. Data were collected by a self-structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS 24. P value ? 0.05 was considered as significant value.
Results:
Out of total 153, prevalence of diabetes mellitus persists among the females with multigravida and having the history of gestational diabetes was observed 71(46.40%). Obesity, stress, lack of physical activity, Family history of Diabetes, Hypertension, elevated birth weight are some major risk factors of Diabetes mellitus after GDM.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus that persists after GDM have high prevalence and higher risk among multigravida females. For prevention of DM, early diagnosis screening, awareness should create about risk factors of DM and appropriate exercises during gestation period in females should perform.
Keywords: Cross-sectional, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Multigravida, Nulliparous.
Decomposition of Vitamins in Multivitamin Syrups of Different Brands under Various Storage Conditions
Authors: Syed Aziz  Ullah  , Shahwani Ghulam Razaque , Shahwani Muhammad Arsalan , Shahwani Ghulam Mustafa Shahwani , Noman Ul Haq  , Shahwani Nisar Ahmed Shahwani 
Published: November 2022

Stability of multivitamins containing drug products especially the syrups remains one of the most important factor which restrains from getting the desired therapeutic effects as its ingredients decompose quickly as compared to other Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), therefore, stability assessment is necessary to check the effect of climatic conditions on syrups’ decomposition. The study is aimed to assess the level of decomposition of vitamins in different syrups by placing them in stability chambers with different storage conditions and then comparison of assay contents of ingredients in different syrups. Different brands were selected for the estimation of assay values of vitamins/ingredients when stored at Real Time and Accelerated stability conditions as recommended by ICH for the countries categorized in climatic zone IV-A. The samples then analyzed by different analytical techniques such as HPLC, UV- Spectrophotometry and redox titration method at 3rd and 6th month timepoints. The stability study conducted showed that nicotinamide had assay values ranging from 30% to 95%, Pyridoxine 79% to 95%, Thiamine 22 % to 66%, Riboflavin 35% to 58% and Ascorbic acid 21% to 71% at real time (300C) storage condition. The study revealed that nicotinamide had assay values ranging from 26% to 89%, Pyridoxine 71% to 94%, Thiamine 9 to 35%, Riboflavin 24 to 55%, and Ascorbic acid 10 to 55% at accelerated (400C) storage condition. The most stable ingredient was Pyridoxine which showed assay values ranging from 74% to 95% and the most stable sample was Sample no A1.
It is evident from the data presented that the degradation is more frequent when the product were stored under accelerated conditions i.e. 400C±2/75%±5RH when compare with the results of stability studies conducted under real time stability studies’ conditions i.e. 300C±2 C/65%±5RH. It is concluded that such products must be stored below 25oC. The manufacturers of such products should mention ‘Store Below 25 C0’ on the label and outer carton of the product.
Therapeutic Validation of Coriandrum sativum Extract in Emesis and Analgesia
Authors: Syed Akbar  , Faria Khurshid  
Published: November 2022

In the traditional System of Medicine, the leaves and seeds of Coriandrum sativum are used usually as emollient, antii-flammatory, stom-achic, carmi-native, digestive, constipating, astringent, antipyretic, diuretic, appetizer, stimulant, refrigerant, tonic, expectorant, in dyspepsia etc. The aim of this study was to investigate antiemetic and analgesic activity of the whole plant extract of Coriandrum sativum in Wister albino rats and chick emesis models. The anti-emetic activity of the Coriandrum sativum is determined by using the chick emesis model. Antiemetic activity of Coriandrum sativum is determined by percentage inhibition of retching that is tempted with the help of copper sulfate. Copper sulphate is used to persuade emesis in chick. Analgesic activity is established by using the Wister albino rat as an experimental animal. Acetic acid is used to induce writhing in animals. The plant extract decreases the dose dependent writhing in acetic acid induced analgesia in Wister albino rats.
“SADIQ-21”: A New High Yielding and Rust Resistant Bread Wheat Variety
Authors: Ali Imtiaz 
Published: November 2022

Sadiq-21 is a new wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L.) with better yield and rust resistance. It has been released for general cultivation in Punjab in 2021. The variety has been developed through selection from exotic germplasm at Regional Agricultural Research Institute (RARI), Bahawalpur, Pakistan. This variety has high yield potential (>6700 kg ha-1) and is resistant to yellow, leaf and stem rust. The variety can be adapted to rainfed areas of the province due to its better tolerance against moisture stress. Thousand grain weight ranges from 38-40 g, test weight is high (75.7 kg hl-­1). It is less appealing to wheat aphids and responds very well to fertilizers. The grains are amber in colour and contain good protein, starch and gluten percentage (12.9%, 53.9% and 21%, respectively). It has good chapati making quality. It has good yield potential if planted in the first two weeks of November, maintaining a seed rate of 100-120 kg ha-1 and a fertilizer dose of 150-120-60 NPK kg ha-1. It can be concluded that Sadiq-21 has high yield capability and is resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses prevaling in the region.
Comparison of Beetal Goats’ Reproductive Effectiveness under Different Management Approaches
Authors: Mohammad Younus  , Mushtaq Mohammad  , Liaquat Ali Sajidi  , Mushtaq Ahmed  , Muhammad Ashraf  , Mohammad Ashraf  , Anwar Zehri  , Muhammad Rafiq  , Muhammad Aleem  
Published: November 2022

The Beetal goat or Lahori goat is a breed from the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is used for milk and meat production. It is similar to the Jamnapari goat and the Malabari goat. Beetal goats have been widely used for improvement of local goats throughout the subcontinent. These goats are also adapted to stall feeding, thus are preferred for intensive goat farming. The Beetal goat and the Malabari goats are usually compared for their body characteristics. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of beetal goat reproduction under different management techniques. Based on reproductive effectiveness and growth parameters, the results of two goat production management systems, namely (1) seasonal breeding and (2) year-round breeding, were compared. The study was performed out during a one-year period. The data was collected from two farms for this study, the 1st farm was the private farm known as Noor-Hussain Goat Farm in Raiwind and 2nd farm was Bahadurnagar Research Institute in Okara which is run by the government. Adult goats (n=72+) were collected for this study and their reproductive and productive traits were examined (2-bucks with each flock).
FRAMEWORK PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK BERBASIS FLIPPED CLASSROOM TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI MASA PASCA PANDEMI
Authors: Agustin Yolanda Indra , Rindaningsih Ida 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini di latar belakangi oleh rendahnya minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika di masa pasca pandemic. Minat belajar merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu dalam upaya meningkatkan minat belajar siswa sekolah dasar (SD) pada mata pelajaran matematika maka berbagai pendekatan pembelajaran senantiasa dikembangkan, salah satunya adalah pembelajaran matematika realistik. Meski demikian, masih banyak dijumpai rendahnya minat belajar siswa sehingga perlu adanya model pembelajaran yang tepat yakni flipped classroom. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh framework matematika realistik berbasis flipped classroom terhadap minat belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan design Randomized Post-test Only Control Design. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah siswa kelas V MI Nurul Huda Candi Sidoarjo yang terdiri dari dua sampel penelitian sebanyak 20 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 20 siswa kelas kontrol. Teknik analisis data yang di gunakan adalah uji independent sample t-test. Berdasarkan analisis uji perbedaan rata-tata hasil tes minat belajar siswa di peroleh nilai Signifikansi yaitu 0,000 < daripada 0,05. Yang artinya H0 di tolak dan Ha diterima. Oleh karena itu temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh framework pembelajaran matematika realistik berbasis flipped classroom yang dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa.