bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors of Sleep Paralysis in A Population of Polish Students
Authors: Wróbel-Knybel Paulina , Flis Michał , Rog Joanna , Jalal Baland , Karakuła-Juchnowicz Hanna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Sleep paralysis (SP) is a transit dissociative state associated with the REM sleep phase that affects approximately 28.3% of the student population during their lifetime. The reasons for the high prevalence of SP in the student population are not entirely clear. Research indicates possible influencing factors such as the intensification of anxiety symptoms, a tendency to worry, the presence of PTSD symptoms, and behavioral factors such as the consumption of psychoactive substances (caffeine, alcohol, nicotine) and poor sleep hygiene. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of SP and its risk factors in the Polish student population. Methods: The study used a battery online consisting of a set of questionnaires (a personal questionnaire, 2) the SP-EPQ, 3) the PCL -5, 4) the STAI-T, 5) the PSWQ). The questionnaire was sent via Facebook to 4500 randomly selected students from different universities in Poland. The questionnaire was completed by 2598 students. To unify the participant sample, people over 35 were excluded from the study (45 students). Ultimately, data from 2553 students were analyzed. Results: A total of 33.14% of individuals experienced at least one episode of SP in their lives. The highest odds ratio for SP was associated with: the presence of three or more health problems (OR: 2.3; p = 0.002), the presence of any mental disorder (OR: 1.77; p = 0.002), including mood disorders (OR: 2.07 ; p = 0.002), suffering from at least one somatic disorder (OR: 1.34; p = 0.002), a high level of anxiety as a constant personality trait (OR: 1.20; p = 0.035) and smoking (OR: 1.48; p = 0.0002), alcohol consumption (OR: 1.52; p <0.0001), physical activity (OR: 1.31; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The results of our research indicate that a large proportion of students experienced isolated sleep paralysis. Mental and somatic health problems and lifestyle factors were found to predispose to this disorder. Due to the numerous risk factors for SP, it is necessary to conduct additional research to confirm the impact of these factors and to investigate the mechanisms of their influence on SP.
New Model for the Prediction of Vision-Related Outcomes in Young Children with Mechanical Ocular Conditions and Comparison with Other Models
Authors: Shah Mehul A , Shah Shreya , Kataria Apeksha , Gunay Ruhi , Makhloga Sakshi , Vaghela Mrugesha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose Herein, we compared the efficacy among the OTS, POTS, and TOTS for prognosis prediction in Indian children who had mechanical ocular conditions causing traumatic cataract. Methods This prospective, interventional study recruited consecutive children undergoing operation for traumatic cataracts caused by mechanical eye injuries at Drashti Netralaya. The following details were obtained from medical files: the circumstance and time of injuries, penetrating injury type, initial and final visual acuity (VA), time of operation, and associated eye diseases. Specific variables were employed to determine the OTS, TOTS, and POTS. For all patients, the final and predicted VA determined using all scores were compared using Fischer’s exact test; the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were evaluated for all scores by using the AUROC. Results We enrolled 124 eyes. Patients’ mean value for age was 4.6 ± 1.29 years; 44 (35.41%) and 74 (64.5%) were female and male patients, respectively. Visual outcomes significantly improved after operation, and the outcomes did not differ between closed- and open-globe injuries (P = 0.162). The actual and predicted VA did not exhibit a statistically significant difference among the three scores. The TOTS and POTS were more suitable for evaluating low-risk injuries, whereas the OTS could more efficiently examine high-risk cases. Conclusion The TOTS and POTS were more accurate than the OTS in VA prediction after operation in toddlers with traumatic cataracts caused by mechanical globe injury. All the examined scores can be helpful in estimating VA following treatment.
Neuroprotective Efficacy of Edaravone against Arsenic-Induced Behavioral
and Neurochemical Deficits in Rats: Amelioration of Cholinergic
and Mitochondrial Functions
Authors: Arora Mandeep K. , Jangra Ashok , Singh Deepika , Tomar Ritu 
Published: February 2022

Background:
A substantial amount of evidence indicates that long-term arsenic exposure
leads to various types of pathological complications, especially cognitive dysfunction.

Objective:
The present study was designed to assess the neuroprotective potential of edaravone (a
potent free radical scavenger) against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats.

Methods:
Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Arsenic (20 mg/kg/day;
p.o.) and Edaravone (5 and 10 mg/kg/day; i.p.) were administered in different experimental groups for
28 days.

Results:
The results of various behavioral test paradigms revealed that arsenic caused significant
learning and memory deficits, along with anxiety-like behavior. In biochemical analysis, we found
marked elevations of oxidative-nitrosative stress (indicated by augmentation of lipid peroxidation and
nitrite) and a reduction of glutathione levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex region of arsenictreated
rats. Moreover, arsenic administration caused mitochondrial complexes impairment and reduction
of acetylcholinesterase level. On the other hand, chronic treatment with edaravone (10 mg/kg)
significantly ameliorated the arsenic-induced behavioral deficits and neurochemical anomalies.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that edaravone confers neuroprotection against arsenic-induced
memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior, which may be attributed to the inhibition of oxidativenitrosative
stress and amelioration of cholinergic and mitochondrial functions.
The Perspectives of Health Professionals on Neonatal Genetic Screening
Authors: Abeje Tayachew Admas 
Published: February 2022

Background:After completing the human genome, the project has created opportunities to improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disease. However, the limitations in health professionals (HPs), genetic knowledge, technological resources, and a lack of scientific research prevent global genetic screening from being addressed.Objectives:The objective is to evaluate HPs’ knowledge, attitude, and future outlook toward neonatal genetic screening.Methods:The study was carried out in a cross-sectional survey. A simple random sampling technique was used to select health centers and healthcare professionals. Questionnaires were used to assess HPs knowledge, attitude, and future perspectives towards genetic disease screening.Results:Among the total of 384 HPs, 79.7% and 20.3% had good and poor knowledge on the basic idea of genetic screening, respectively. Similarly, 92.4% and 7.6% of HPs had good and poor knowledge, respectively, on the parental history of genetic disease. Besides, 68.8% and 31.3% of HPs had good and poor knowledge on the possibility of treating genetic diseases. Lastly, 81.3% and 18.5% of HPs had a positive and negative attitude towards genetic screening.Conclusion:The majority of HPs had good genetic knowledge and a positive attitude on the basic idea of genetic screening, parental history, and the possibility of treating genetic disease, respectively. However, the practice of genetic screening is not yet addressed in Ethiopia. Genetic HPs and nongenetic HPs have to encourage the concerned bodies, including the governmental system, to implement genetic screening in Ethiopia.
Subcategories of Fibromyalgia - A New Concept
Authors: Metyas Samy , Chen Christina , Joseph Marina , Hanna Nicholas , Basta Joseph , Khalil Andrew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Fibromyalgia has previously been categorized as primary, secondary, and juvenile fibromyalgia.
However, these definitions do not adequately explain the etiopathology of disease, nor
do they help direct new specific therapies. Herein, we review the previously known categorizations
of fibromyalgia. Based on common patient characteristics and previously studied pathophysiologies,
we propose new subcategorizations of fibromyalgia that we have self-narrated, including hormonal
fibromyalgia, neuroendocrine fibromyalgia, psychologic fibromyalgia, inflammatory fibromyalgia,
and lastly neuropathic fibromyalgia. To verify, add to, and fully describe these selfnarrated
categories of fibromyalgia that we have proposed, future research needs to be done.
Blended Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder (Blend-A): Explorative Mixed Methods Pilot and Feasibility Study
Authors: Tarp Kristine , Rasmussen Johan , Mejldal Anna , Folker Marie Paldam , Nielsen Anette Søgaard 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundIn Denmark, approximately 150,000 people have alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, only approximately 10% seek AUD treatment, preferably outside conventional health care settings and opening hours. The AUD treatment area experiences low adherence to treatment, as well as high numbers of no-show and premature dropouts.ObjectiveThe purpose of the Blend-A (Blended Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder) feasibility and pilot study was to describe the process of translating and adapting the Dutch treatment protocol into Danish and Danish culture with a high amount of user involvement and to report how patients and therapists perceived the adapted version, when trying it out.MethodsThe settings were 3 Danish public municipal outpatient alcohol clinics. Study participants were patients and therapists from the 3 settings. Data consisted of survey data from the System Usability Scale, individual patient interviews, and therapist group interviews. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Stata software and Excel. Qualitative analysis was conducted using a theoretical thematic analysis.ResultsThe usability of the treatment platform was rated above average. The patients chose to use the blended treatment format because it ensured anonymity and had a flexible design. Platform use formed the basis of face-to-face sessions. The use of the self-determined platform resulted in a more thorough process. Patient involvement qualified development of a feasible system. Managerial support for time use was essential. Guidance from an experienced peer was useful.ConclusionsThis study indicates that, during the processes of translating, adapting, and implementing blended, guided, internet-based, and face-to-face AUD treatment, it is relevant to focus on patient involvement, managerial support, and guidance from experienced peers. Owing to the discrete and flexible design of the blended offer, it appears that it may reach patient groups who would not otherwise have sought treatment. Therefore, blended treatment may increase access to treatment and contribute to reaching people affected by excessive alcohol use, who would not otherwise have sought treatment. In addition, it seems that the blended offer may enhance the participants’ perceived satisfaction and the effect of the treatment course. Thus, it appears that Blend-A may be able to contribute to existing treatment offers. Such findings highlight the need to determine the actual effect of the Blend-A offer; therefore, an effectiveness study with a controlled design is warranted.
Methods and Applications of Social Media Monitoring of Mental Health During Disasters: Scoping Review
Authors: Teague Samantha J , Shatte Adrian B R , Weller Emmelyn , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Hutchinson Delyse M 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundWith the increasing frequency and magnitude of disasters internationally, there is growing research and clinical interest in the application of social media sites for disaster mental health surveillance. However, important questions remain regarding the extent to which unstructured social media data can be harnessed for clinically meaningful decision-making.ObjectiveThis comprehensive scoping review synthesizes interdisciplinary literature with a particular focus on research methods and applications.MethodsA total of 6 health and computer science databases were searched for studies published before April 20, 2021, resulting in the identification of 47 studies. Included studies were published in peer-reviewed outlets and examined mental health during disasters or crises by using social media data.ResultsApplications across 31 mental health issues were identified, which were grouped into the following three broader themes: estimating mental health burden, planning or evaluating interventions and policies, and knowledge discovery. Mental health assessments were completed by primarily using lexical dictionaries and human annotations. The analyses included a range of supervised and unsupervised machine learning, statistical modeling, and qualitative techniques. The overall reporting quality was poor, with key details such as the total number of users and data features often not being reported. Further, biases in sample selection and related limitations in generalizability were often overlooked.ConclusionsThe application of social media monitoring has considerable potential for measuring mental health impacts on populations during disasters. Studies have primarily conceptualized mental health in broad terms, such as distress or negative affect, but greater focus is required on validating mental health assessments. There was little evidence for the clinical integration of social media–based disaster mental health monitoring, such as combining surveillance with social media–based interventions or developing and testing real-world disaster management tools. To address issues with study quality, a structured set of reporting guidelines is recommended to improve the methodological quality, replicability, and clinical relevance of future research on the social media monitoring of mental health during disasters.
Psychological Distress and Help-Seeking Facilitators in Quebec Men: Findings From a Province-Wide Survey
Authors: Montiel Corentin , Duhoux Arnaud , Tremblay Gilles , Villeneuve Raymond , Roy Jacques , Lavoie Brigitte , Houle Janie 
Published: February 2022

Introduction It has been well established that men are not inclined to seek psychosocial help. Although barriers preventing psychosocial help-seeking behaviors in men have been extensively documented, few studies have investigated perceived facilitators and preferences involved in these behaviors. Methods Based on an online survey of 2095 Quebec men, this descriptive study explores men’s psychological distress and help-seeking behaviors, perceptions of effective facilitators of help-seeking behaviors, and psychosocial intervention preferences. Results About 30% of the men surveyed presented some form of psychological distress, and very few had used psychosocial services in the last year. Most men did not have a preference regarding the gender of their therapist, although they reported favoring solution-focused interventions and appreciating a continuity in the therapeutic relationship. Men also highly rated the importance of free or low-cost services to facilitate help-seeking behaviors. Finally, they indicated a high probability of consulting, if their doctor would tell them to, or if they noticed that their situation affected on their children, or if they experienced suicidal ideation. Discussion Understanding what encourages men to seek help for mental health difficulties and their preferences in services and intervention may lead to greater service use and improved mental health.
Utilization of Library Resources Among Graduate Students of Leyte Normal University (LNU)
Authors: Alcober Luzviminda Fabillar 
Published: February 2022

This study assessed the utilization of the resources of the Leyte Normal University Learning Resource Center by the graduate students enrolled in various graduate curricular program offerings for the AY 2018, 2019, and 2020. The assessment concentrated on the subject area, borrowers per program, professional journals and magazines, and databases, e-books, and internet connectivity during the academic years 2018, 2019, and 2020. In this context, utilization was focused. Utilizing the survey design, statistically treated data showed that books are commonly borrowed resources and that borrowing frequency is dependent on the enrollment of a curricular program offering. Bulk of borrowers were recorded for AY 2018 and 2019. Taking things holistically, the general circulation of the library is deemed helpful to its immediate users. An intervention plan was prepared further to promote the richness of the resources in the library and consequently attract more users.
A Study on the Ultimate Velocity for Vehicles Going through Roadway Curves to Avert Sideslip
Authors: Cao X. , Yanagisawa N. , Kurosawa N. , Miyashita H. 
Published: February 2022

The part results of a study on the factors influencing safety as driving a vehicle at road curve are reported in this paper. A motivation doing this research is to reduce casualties in traffic road accidents since many accidents happened at road curve sections. An improved mathematical model is constructed based on the mechanical analysis of vehicle motion. In the model, excepting the factor of road surface superelevation angle, the effects of longitudinal gradient of road curve and wind force are also taken into consideration. Two typical road curves respectively in two existing roadways in Nagano Prefecture, Japan are selected as the investigated road curves, which include the road curve section where a bus traffic accident well known has occurred. Four types of vehicles including bus are taken as the studied objects. The relationship between the ultimate velocity for vehicle to travel bending a road curve and to safely avert sideslip and relative parameters is built. The predicted results are given and discussed. The results show that the ultimate velocity as one of the important parameters to avert bus accident decreases with wind speed increasing. With the curve radius increasing, the ultimate velocity increases in all road surface conditions, in which the ultimate velocity for bus traveling on dry road surface increases most quickly, then on wet road surface, snow accumulation road surface and frozen road surface successively for ranges of velocity limited to 110 km/h and a curve radius to 350 m. For same wind speed, the bigger the longitudinal gradient ?, the smaller the ultimate velocity.
Some Features of Seismicity in Bulqiza-Macukull Fault Zone During This Century
Authors: Kanani Xhorda , Ormeni Rrapo 
Published: February 2022

During two decades of this century, the Albanian and its surrounding seismicity is dominated by high values. One active fault zone, determined on the foci and energy of earthquakes is Bulqiza-Macukull zone. On August 11, 2018 a moderate Ms5.2 earthquake sequence burst in the Bulqiza-Macukull tectonic fault zone. The main shock was located 8 km northwest of Bulqiza town and was felt over a larger area of northern, central and southern Albania. The Bulqiza-Macukull tectonic segment is exposed on the ground at a length of about 35 km, according to the SE-NW direction. The database of this study, composed of 305 seismic events with ML>1.0 is characterized by tectonic earthquakes activity in this fault zone. The focal mechanisms solution of the moderate earthquake indicate stress regime in this zone. The analysis of main aspects of seismicity during this century provides us correct interpretations of seismotectonics, geodynamic phenomena of the Earth's crust. The Bulqiza-Macukull transversal fault zone presents a threat to the nearby urban and hydropower areas.
Towards African Renaissance: A Linguistic Study of Ayi Kwei Armah’s Two Thousand Seasons
Authors: Omo-Ojugo Grace Iyengumena 
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the exploration of Africa concept of a dream world – a continent marching towards a rebirth, towards that utopia that Joseph Edoki wrote about in The Upward Path (Edoki, 2008). This Africa concept of rebirth does not believe in jumping the gun to get to the utopia, but rather beams the searchlight on the opportunities, challenges and prospects that are littered all along the trajectory of the journey to that utopia Africans look forward to. For long, Africa as a continent was captured in slavery and this took its toll on the people as they developed inferiority complex, low self-esteem, no love loss, among others. Thus, at the expiration of colonialism, so much damage had been done. Ayi Kwei Armah’s Two Thousand Seasons (Armah, 1979) warns against a repeat of the cause of the desolation in the first place, and then illustrates that the only escape route is to return to “The Way” which Africans have lost. Thus, the text is about a people depressed, a people neglected, and a people striving to recover their identity even from the hands of their own people. This paper is a linguistic study of Armah’s Two Thousand Seasons set to investigate the novelist’s level of success in the employment of the creative linguistic features aimed at driving home his message about African struggle for survival on the one hand, and highlighting the difficulties encountered in the course of pursuing rebirth on the other hand. Halliday’s Systemic Functional Approach has been adopted in this work.
Perspectives on the Development of the EU Crisis Management System
Authors: Stankov Vasil Hristov 
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the main features of the European Union crisis management system and outlines the endeavors undertaken to improve it further by introducing a more proactive approach through enhancing the response mechanism and expanding the capabilities for prevention, preparedness and resilience. The article highlights the ability of the EU crisis management to meet the challenges of the security environment and respond to different scenarios, including overseas political-military crises having a strong impact on various aspects of common security. Furthermore, the article explores the capabilities of the Union to conduct military and civilian missions and operations within the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and analyzes their specific contribution to international peace and security. The article underlines the importance of self-reliant strategic airlift as a token of strategic autonomy and a provider of flexible mobility options. It goes on to argue that matters of strategic air mobility should be addressed along with the concerns preventing the use of the EU multinational battlegroups so far. Then, the article identifies the Strategic Compass, due to be adopted in 2022, as a platform for a common strategic vision for the Union’s security and defense priorities, a sound basis for consensus on future response options and a facilitator for further integration of the military component of defense into the EU crisis management system. It also maintains that increased responsibilities would impose higher requirements upon the key elements of the crisis management process. The article points to intelligence as an integrated effort supporting CSDP military and civilian missions. Finally, it suggests three main approaches to the development of the European crisis management system and concludes that the main goal should be reinforcing the role of the EU as one of the pillars of international peace and security.