bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Predictors of Aspiration Pneumonia among Stroke Patients in Western Amhara Region, North-West Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow up Study
Authors: Bayeh Tadios Lidetu , Muluneh Essey Kebede , Wassie Gizachew Tadesse 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Aspiration pneumonia is one of the major complications among hospitalized stroke patients with global incidence ranging from five to 83 percent and hospital mortality rate of up to 70 percent. This study aimed to assess the incidence and identify predictors of aspiration pneumonia among stroke patients in Western Amhara region, North West Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted on a simple random sample of 568 stroke patients in Western Amhara region admitted at Felege Hiwot referral hospital. Log binomial regression model, a generalized linear model with log link, was applied to identify significant predictors of aspiration pneumonia.Results: Cumulative incidence of aspiration pneumonia among the 568 sampled patients was 23.06%. Males were 1.71 times more at risk to acquire aspiration pneumonia than females (ARR=1.71, 95 percent CI 1.07-2.74). Patients with vomiting and dysphagia were more risky to acquire aspiration pneumonia as compared to patients without vomiting and dysphagia (ARR=1.81, 95 percent CI 1.04-3.14) and (ARR=1.95, 95 percent CI 1.10-3.48) respectively. Patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis and patients with Glasgow Comma Scale greater than twelve were less risky to acquire aspiration pneumonia as compared to who not received antibiotic prophylaxis and Glasgow Comma Scale less than eight (ARR=0.10, 95 percent CI 0.04-0.28), (ARR=0.45, 95 percent CI 0.22-0.94) respectively. Conclusion: The cumulative incidence of aspiration pneumonia among sampled patients was 23.06%. Vomiting, dysphagia, antibiotic treatment and Glasgow Comma Scale showed significant correlation with the acquiring of aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, we recommend health care providers to give special attention for patients with these risk factors to prevent aspiration pneumonia.
Javanese Homo erectus on the move in SE Asia ca. 1.8 Ma
Authors: Husson Laurent , Salles Tristan , Lebatard Anne-Elisabeth , Zerathe Swann , Braucher Régis , Noerwidi Sofwan , Aribowo Sonny , Mallard Claire , Carcaillet Julien , Natawidjaja Danny H. , Bourlès Didier , team ASTER 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The terminal migration of Homo erectus in Southeast Asia during Early Pleistocene is cardinal to our comprehension of the evolution of the genus Homo. However, the limited consideration of the rapidly changing physical environment, together with controversial datings of hominin bearing sites, make it challenging to secure the robust timeline needed to unveil the behavior of early humans. Here, we reappraise the first appearance datum of Javanese H. erectus by adding the most reliable age constraints based on cosmogenic nuclides 10Be and 26Al produced in situ to a compilation of earlier estimates. We find that H. erectus reached Java and dwelled at Sangiran, Java ca. 1.8 Ma. Using this age as a baseline, we develop a probabilistic approach to reconstruct their dispersal routes, coupling ecological movement simulations to landscape evolution models forced by reconstructed geodynamic and climatic histories. We demonstrate that the hospitable terra firma conditions of Sundaland facilitated the prior dispersal of hominins to the edge of Java, where they conversely could not settle until the Javanese archipelago emerged from the sea and connected to Sundaland. The dispersal of H. erectus across Sundaland occurred over at least tens to hundreds kyr, a time scale over which changes in their physical environment, whether climatic or physiographic, may have become primary forcings on their behavior. Our comprehensive reconstruction method to unravel the peopling timeline of SE Asia provides a novel framework to evaluate the evolution of early humans.
Effects of a shared decision making intervention for older adults with multiple chronic conditions; the DICO study
Authors: Pel-Littel Ruth E. , Buurman Bianca M. , de Pol Marjolein H. van , Twisk Jos W.R. , Tulner Linda R. , Minkman Mirella M. , Reimer Wilma J.M. Scholte op , Weert Julia C.M. van 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the effects of a shared decision making (SDM) intervention for older adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs). Methods: A pragmatic trial evaluated the effects of the SDM training for geriatricians and a preparatory tool for patients. From two outpatient geriatric clinics 216 patients with MCCs participated. Researchers observed SDM using the OPTIONMCC tool during video-recorded consultations, and patient- and caregivers reported outcomes regarding patient participation, perceived SDM and decisional conflict. A mixed model analysis was used to assess the level of observed SDM. Patient participation and decisional conflicts were analyzed with a logistic mixed model. Results: The mean age was 77.3 years, and 56.3% of patients were female. No significant difference was found in the overall level of SDM as measured with the OPTIONMCC or in the patient-reported outcomes. However, at item level the items discussing ‘goals’, ‘options’, and ‘decision making’ significantly improved after the intervention. The items discussing ‘partnership’ and ‘evaluating the decision-making process’ showed a significant decrease. 52% of the patients completed the preparatory tool, but the results were only discussed in 12% of the consultations. Conclusions: This study provides scope for improvement of SDM in geriatrics. Engaging older adults with MCCs and informal caregivers in the decision making process should be an essential part of SDM training for geriatricians, beyond the SDM steps of explaining options, benefits and harms. Furthermore, more attention should be paid to the integration of preparatory tools in the consultation.
Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Improves the Prognostication of Patients with Disseminated Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Wald Abigail , Pingpank James , Ongchin Melanie , Hall Lauren , Jones Heather , Altpeter Shannon , Liebdzinski Michele , Hamed Ahmed , Derby Joshua , Nikiforova Marina , Bell Phoenix , Paniccia Alessandro , Zureikat Amer , Gorantla Vikram , Rhee John , Thomas Roby , Bartlett David , Smith Katelyn , Henn Patrick , Theisen Brian , Shyu Susan , Shalaby Akram , Choudry Haroon , Singhi Aatur 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) with disseminated disease are a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable clinicopathologic behavior. Despite the development of prognostic systems, objective biomarkers are needed to accurately stratify patients. With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), it remains unclear if molecular testing can improve the evaluation of disseminated AMN patients with respect to currently used prognostic systems. Therefore, targeted NGS was performed for 183 patients and correlated with patient demographics, AJCC/WHO histologic grade, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, peritoneal cancer index (PCI), completeness of cytoreduction (CC) score, and overall survival (OS). Genomic alterations were identified for 179 (98%) disseminated AMNs and consisted of KRAS (84%), GNAS (59%), TP53 (24%), SMAD4 (19%), PIK3CA (4%), ATM (4%), PTEN (2%), NRAS (2%), BRAF (2%), and CDKN2A (1%). Excluding mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes and GNAS due to their ubiquitous nature among AMNs, collective genomic alterations in TP53, SMAD4, CDKN2A, and the mTOR genes were associated with older mean age (p = 0.019), higher AJCC/WHO histologic grade (p < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.001), perineural invasion (p = 0.003), regional lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), and lower mean PCI (p = 0.038). Patients harboring TP53, SMAD4, ATM, CDKN2A, and/or mTOR gene alterations were found to have lower OS rates of 55% at 5 years and 14% at 10 years, as compared to 88% at 5 years and 88% at 10 years for patients without the aforementioned genomic alterations (p < 0.001). Based on univariate and multivariate analyses, genomic alterations in TP53, SMAD4, ATM, CDKN2A, and/or the mTOR genes in disseminated AMNs were a negative prognostic factor for OS and independent of AJCC/WHO histologic grade, PCI, CC score, and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy treatment (p = 0.006). In summary, targeted NGS improves the prognostic assessment of patients with disseminated AMNs and identifies patients that may require increased surveillance and/or more aggressive management.
Dispelling myths concerning the wave power-marsh retreat relationship
Authors: Bloemendaal Lucila Houttuijn , FitzGerald Duncan , Hughes Zoe , Novak Alyssa , Georgiou Ioannis 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Salt marshes are threatened by rising sea levels and human activities, and a major mechanism of marsh loss is edge retreat or erosion. To understand and predict loss in these valuable ecosystems, studies have related erosion to marsh hydrodynamics and wave characteristics such as wave power. Across global studies, erosion was found to be largely linearly related to wave power, with this relationship having implications on the resilience of marshes to extreme events such as storms. However, there is significant variability in this relationship across marshes because of marsh heterogeneity and the uniqueness of each physical setting. Here, we further investigate whether this linear relationship applies globally, and add a new dataset from the Great Marsh in Massachusetts (USA). We find that most marsh wave power and erosion data are not normally-distributed, and when statistically treating the data appropriately, the resulting relationships vary from previously published curves. We show the importance of maintaining statistical assumptions when performing regressions, as well as emphasize the site-specificity of these relationships. Without calibration using robust regressions at each marsh, erosion related to wave attack is not fully constrained, resulting in unreliable predictions of future marsh resilience and response to climate change.
Coptisine inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting ubiquitination of IGF2BP1
Authors: Fan Jinhua , Zhou Liming , Xu Minmin , Wang Hongmei , Chen Xiantao , Huang Lu , Ma Zhengcai , Li Xiaoduo , Liu Kewei , Li Juan , Gui Zhenwei , Xiong Mengyuan , Wang Qiaojiao , Li Jingwei , Ye Xiaoli , Li Xuegang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of death in humans. Clinical investigations have reported that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is overexpressed in HCC, promoting oncogene activation, and is associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis. Previous research from our laboratory found that coptisine (COP) could inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells, but the exact mechanism was unknown.
Methods
The activity of COP against HCC was evaluated by the experiments with HCC cells and HuH7 xenografted mice. Based on transcriptome analysis, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and mass spectrometry analysis, the key direct target of COP in inhibiting the proliferation of HCC were discovered. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to study the biological function of IGF2BP1 in HCC. Screening of E3 ligases and deubiquitin enzyme interacting with IGF2BP1 by IP-mass spectrometry and website prediction. The molecular mechanism of COP causes protein ubiquitination and degradation of IGF2BP1 was demonstrated by CO-IP, immunofluorescence and protein stability assays.
Result
The results disclosed that COP could inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells and tumors and IGF2BP1 was identified as the direct target of COP. IGF2BP1 overexpression and silencing in vivo and in vitro confirmed that IGF2BP1 could significantly influence the growth of liver cancer cells and tumors. Mechanistic studies revealed that COP could either increase the interaction between E3 ligase Pre-mRNA Processing Factor 19 (PRPF19) and IGF2BP1 or decrease the deubiquitin function of the deubiquitin enzyme Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 10 (USP10), resulting in increased ubiquitin degradation of IGF2BP1.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that COP has an anti-HCC activity by reducing IGF2BP1 expression. It opens up new avenues for research into modern pharmacology and the molecular mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine against tumors.
An evidence-based somatic acupressure intervention for managing the breast cancer fatigue-sleep disturbance-depression symptom cluster: Development and validation following the Medical Research Council framework
Authors: Tan Jing-Yu (Benjamin) , Wang Tao , Zhao Isabella , Polotan Mary Janice , Eliseeva Sabina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSomatic acupoint stimulation (SAS) has been frequently utilised as a promising intervention for individual cancer-related symptom management such as fatigue, sleep disturbance and depression. However, research evidence regarding the role of SAS in mitigating the fatigue-sleep disturbance-depression symptom cluster (FSDSC) has been scant. This study was conducted to develop an evidence-based SAS intervention protocol that can be further implemented in a Phase II randomized control trial (RCT) to manage the FSDSC in breast cancer survivors. MethodsThe Medical Research Council Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Intervention (MRC framework) was employed to guide the development procedures of the SAS intervention protocol, including identification of existing evidence base; identification of theories and practice standards; and validation of the SAS intervention protocol. A content validity study was performed through an expert panel to assess the scientific and practical appropriateness of the SAS intervention protocol. The content validity index (CVI), including item level-CVI and protocol-level CVI, were calculated to evaluate the consensus level of the expert panel.ResultsKey components of SAS protocol, including acupoint formula, SAS modality, technique, intensity and frequency, were identified for both a true and a placebo SAS intervention based on the best available research evidence retrieved from systematic reviews and clinical trials, relevant theories particularly the inflammatory process, yin-yang theory, and zang-fu organs and meridians theory, and acupressure practical standards. The true SAS intervention was determined as a daily self-administered acupressure on specific acupoints for seven weeks. The placebo SAS was designed as light acupressure on non-acupoints with the same frequency and duration as the true SAS. Excellent content validity was achieved after one round of expert panel assessment, as all the key components of the true and placebo SAS protocols were rated as content valid (CVI ranged from 0.86 to 1.00).ConclusionA research-informed, theory-driven and practically feasible SAS intervention protocol for the FSDSC management in breast cancer survivors was developed following the MRC framework. The feasibility and acceptability of the SAS intervention will be further tested in breast cancer survivors through a Phase II RCT.
Downregulation of miR-211 expression in blood plasma of infertile men compared to the fertile controls
Authors: Naeimi Nasim , kouchesfehani homa Mohseni , Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb Hamidreza , Movahed Saeed , Moudi Bita , Asemirad Azam , Sheibak Nadia , heidari zahra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background: Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive after one year of having regular unprotected sex. Changes in the expressions of miRNAs are associated with impaired spermatogenesis and can be used as potential biomarkers of infertility in males. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-211 as a predictive factor in plasma samples of intertile men compared to the controls Methods: In this case-control study, blood plasma samples were taken from the infertile men (n=103) non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) or severe oligozoospermia (SO) and the control group (n=121). The expression of circulating miR-211 in plasma samples were assessed by qRT-PCR. A relative quantification strategy was adopted using the2–ΔΔCT method to calculate the target miR-211 expression level in both study groups.Results: Plasma miR-211 levels were significantly lower in infertile men compared to the control (0.544±0.028 and 1.203±0.035, respectively, p<0.001). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that miR-211 expression level correlated with sperm parameters, including sperm concentration, sperm total motility, progressive motility, and normal morphology (P<0.001).Conclusions: It seems that decreased expression level of miR-211 in blood plasma can be used as a novel male infertility biomarker for evaluation, diagnosis, and confirmation of semen analysis results.
Genome-wide identification of auxin-responsive microRNAs in the poplar stem
Authors: Yang Lihua , Ping Tao , Lu Wenjin , Song Sangfa , Wang Jianli , Wang Qiao , Chai Guohua , Bai Yuer , Chen Yan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Wood (secondary xylem) of forests is widely used used in construction, paper making, furniture, and as a feedstock for biofuels. Wood development is strictly regulated by the phytohormone auxin and MicroRNAs (miRNAs). Currently, the regulatory mechanisms of auxin-induced miRNAs during wood formation in tree species remain unclear.Methods and results Here, we investigated the effect of auxin application on wood development in poplar and identified miRNAs in the stems treated with different concentrations (0 mg/L, CK; 5 mg/L, Low; 10 mg/L, High) of indol-3-butyric acid (IBA). High-throughput sequencing showed that the 24-nt sRNAs were the most abundant classes in three types of small RNA libraries. A total of 118 known miRNAs and 134 novel miRNAs were obtained. Sixty-nine unique developmental-related miRNAs exhibited specific expression patterns in response to auxin, which was consistent with the influence of auxin on wood development. 269 target genes of 69 auxin-responsive miRNAs were predicted. Of them, three novel miRNAs had the most number (≥9) of target genes, which correspondingly belong to SPL, GRF and ARF families. The evolutionary relationships and tissue expression patterns of these target genes were further analyzed. The relative expression levels of four representative miRNAs and their partial target genes were confirmed by using RT-qPCR.Conclusions The present study provides new insights into auxin-responsive miRNAs during wood development in trees.
Urban-rural differences in the pregnancy-related adverse outcome
Authors: Mehrnoush Vahid , Ranjbar Amene , Darsareh Fatemeh , Shekari Mitra , Jahromi Malihe Shirzadfard 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Adverse pregnancy outcomes are influenced by a myriad of biological, social, and environmental factors. Little is known about potential urban-rural differences in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of this study is to look into the urban-rural differences in the trend of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Methods
We retrospectively assessed the pregnancy outcome of singleton pregnant mothers who gave birth at Khaleej-e-Fars Hospital (a tertiary hospital) in Bandar Abbas, Iran, between January 1st, 2020, and January 1st, 2022. Mothers were divided into two groups based on living residency: 1) urban group and 2) rural group. Demographic factors, obstetrical factors, maternal comorbidities, and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were extracted from the electronic data of each mother. The Chi-square test was used to compare differences between the groups for categorical variables. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association of adverse pregnancy, childbirth, and neonatal outcome with living residency.
Results
Of 8888 mothers that gave birth during the study period, 2989 (33.6%) lived in rural areas. Adolescent pregnancy was more common in the rural area. Urban mothers had a higher education than rural mothers. Rural mothers were more likely to have a preterm birth, post-term pregnancy, and vaginal birth. Mild to moderate anemia was more common in rural mothers. Multivariate logistic regression showed that rural mothers were at higher risk for preterm birth aOR 1.81 (CI:1.24–2.99), post-term pregnancy aOR 1.5 (CI: 1.07–2.78), anemia aOR 2.02 (CI:1.07–2.34), LBW aOR 1.89 (CI: 1.56–2.11), need for neonatal resuscitation aOR 2.66 (CI: 1.78–3.14), and NICU admission aOR 1.98 (CI:1.34–2.79). On the other hand, the risk of cesarean section was significantly lower compared to urban mothers aOR 0.58 (CI: 0.34–0.99).
Conclusions
Our study discovered that mothers living in rural areas had a higher risk of developing anemia, preterm birth, post-term pregnancies, LBW, need for neonatal resuscitation, and NICU admission, but a lower risk of cesarean section. More research is required to better understand the reasons for the observed urban-rural differences and to guide a multifaceted response to reduce adverse neonatal outcomes.
On Solutions of Differential Equations by Laplace Reproducing Kernel Method
Authors: Attia Nourhane , Akgül Ali 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ordinary differential equations describe several phenomena in different fields of engineering and physics. The aim that we want to achieve here is to combine the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method (RKHSM) with the Laplace transform operator to give birth to a new method that is highly effective compared with the classical RKHSM. In this paper, we used the Laplace-RKHSM to construct new numerical solutions for non-linear ordinary differential equations. The Laplace-RKHSM systematically produces analytic and approximate solutions in the series's form. We tested three applications for showing the performance and efficiency of the new Laplace-RKHSM.AMS (2010) Subject Classifications: 46E22, 34A08.
On Function of Evolution of Distribution for Time Homogeneous Markov Processes
Authors: Bielecki Tomasz R. , Jakubowski Jacek , Wi±niewolski Maciej 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A study of time homogeneous, real valued Markov processes with a special property and a non-atomic initial distribution is provided. The new notion of a function of evolution of distribution which determines the dependency between one dimensional distributions of a process is introduced. This, along with the notion of bridge operators which determine the backward structure, as opposed to the forward structure determined by the usual semi-group operators, paves a way to the new approach for dealing with nite-dimensional distributions of Markov processes. This, in particular, produces explicit formulas which eec-tively simplify the computations of nite-dimensional distributions, giving an alternative to the standard approach based on computations using the chain rule of transition densities. Various examples illustrating the new approach are presented.