bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children’s Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Associated Factors: Multi-center Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gemechu Getahun B. , Habtamu J , Zarihun K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background- Sub- optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy will lead drug resistance, treatment failure, clinical deterioration, death and failure to thrive in children. Studies conducted among children below 15 years old were limited in Ethiopia in general and in study area in particular. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess status of children’s adherence to ART and associated factors in study area. Methods- We conduct a facility-based cross-sectional study by including total of 282 children <15 years, who received Anti retro viral therapy for at least one month. All children/caregivers who were attending ART clinic during data collection period were consecutively recruited to the study. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Result- Out of 282 caregivers included with their children, 226(80.2%) were females (mean age= 38.6 and SD = 12.35) and out of the total children, half (50%) were female and 246(87.2%) were between the ages 5–14 years (mean age= 8.5 and SD = 2.64). Two hundred forty six (87.2%) children had adherence status of ≥95% in the month prior to interview. Children whose caregivers were residing in urban were 3.3 (95% CI: 1.17, 9.63) times more adherent to ART than those whose caregivers were residing in rural. Children whose caregivers were biological parent were 2.37(95% CI: 1.59, 3.3) times more adherent than those whose caregivers were non biological parent. Also children of caregivers who were knowledgeable about ART treatment, were 4.5(95% CI: 1.79, 9.8) times more adherent to ART than their counter partsConclusion and recommendation- Adherence status of children in our study area was comparable. Being biological caregivers, residing in urban and knowledgeable about ART treatment were facilitate adherence to ART. Ongoing education about treatment and further study with multiple adherence assessment method were recommended.
Molecular Characterization of Novel Cucurbit Aphid Borne Yellows Virus Strains Infecting Squash and Watermelon in India
Authors: Krishnan Nagendran , Kumari Shweta , Pandey Koshlendra Kumar , Pandey Sudhakar , Behera Tusar Kanti , Gandhi Karthikeyan , Kenyon Lawrence 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The pathogen responsible for yellowing and downward rolling of leaves of squash and watermelon plants from Uttar Pradesh state, India, was identified as probably strains of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) through RT-PCR using universal Polerovirus primers followed by sequencing. The full-length genome sequences of an isolate from squash (POL-SQ - 5650 nt) and one from watermelon (POL-WM - 5647nt) were determined by sequencing the products from RT-PCR with six sets of primers with overlapping products. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates had closest identity with a recombinant strain obtained between CABYV and Melon aphid-borne yellows virus (MABYV) reported from Taiwan infecting Luffa aegyptiaca (CABYV-R-TW82) rather than other Asian, American, or European isolates. The deduced amino acid sequences of the P0, P1 and P1-P2 proteins showed >10% variation, whereas the P3, P4 and P3-P5 proteins showed <10% variation when compared to the corresponding proteins of other strains of CABYV worldwide. Thus, according to the Polerovirus species demarcation threshold, these new sequences should be regarded as representing strains of a novel previously undescribed Polerovirus species. However, based on their sequence similarity and phylogenetic grouping with the recombinant strain from Taiwan we suggest these sequences represent recombinant strains of CABYV. These are the first full-length genome sequences for CABYV strains from India and this study adds watermelon as host for CABYV in India.
The Mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 Induces Metabolic and Molecular Perturbations Leading to Cell Death in Arabidopsis Cell Culture
Authors: Lanubile Alessandra , De Michele Roberto , Loi Martina , Fakhari Safieh , Marocco Adriano , Paciolla Costantino 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a fungal toxin produced by Fusarium spp. able to exert pleiotropic toxicity in plants. FB1 is known to be a strong inducer of the programmed cell death (PCD); however, the exact mechanism underling the plant-toxin interactions and the molecular events that lead to PCD are still unclear. Therefore, in this work we provided a comprehensive investigation of the response of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana at the nuclear, transcriptional, and biochemical level after the treatment with FB1 at two different concentrations, namely 1 and 5µM during a time-course of 96 h. FB1 induced oxidative and nitrosative bursts and a rapid cell death in Arabidopsis cell cultures, which resembled a HR-like PCD event. Different genes involved in the regulation of PCD, antioxidant metabolism, photosynthesis, resistance, and sugar transport were upregulated, especially during the late treatment time and with higher FB1 concentration. Among the antioxidant enzymes and compounds studied, only glutathione appeared to be highly induced in both treatments, suggesting that it might be an important defense molecule induced during FB1 exposure. Collectively, these findings highlight the complexity of the defense network of A. thaliana and provide important information for the understanding of the physiological, molecular, and biochemical responses to counteract FB1-induced toxicity.
Anlotinib Combined with Temozolomide Therapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma (IDH-wt and TERTp-mut) After Standard Treatment
Authors: Wang Tianwei , Liao Zhijun , Wang Ruizhi , Ye Ming , Liao Keman , Bai Yongrui , Gao Meimei , Jiang Zhao , Qiu Yongming , Huang Renhua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose

IDH1-wt glioblastoma patients with TERTp-mut had the worst prognosis, and no effective management strategy was established after tumor recurrence. The median overall survival (OS) of recurrent GBM patients who only received supportive therapy was approximately 1.0 month. We reported survival outcomes of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) treated with anlotinib combined with temozolomide therapy (ACTT), and to explore the management strategy of rGBM.
Methods

The clinical data of 14 rGBM patients treated with ACTT was collected. Therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects were evaluated in every 2 months of treatment. We also included 16 patients treated with bevacizumab (Bev), 22 with TMZ, 28 with re-operation, 21 with re-irradiation, and 75 with supportive care to make comparison. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the survival of ACTT group versus other treatment groups.
Results

Fourteen rGBM patients treated with ACTT were enrolled. After 2-month of ACTT, the overall response and disease control rate were 50.0% and 92.9%, respectively. The 6-months PFS rate was 78.6%, and the 1-year survival rate was 50.0%. The median PFS and OS in ACTT group were 11.0 and 13.0 months, respectively. The median PFS and OS in Bev-group was 4.0 and 8.0 months. The patients treated with ACTT had better PFS than that in Bev-group. And compared to all the others treatment groups, ACTT could prolong survival.
Conclusion

The treatment regimen of ACTT maybe reliable, safe, and effective for rGBM. The patients can gain survival benefits from ACTT, and prolonged survival were observed compared with other treatment regimens.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Trifocal and Extended Depth of Focus Lenses Implantation using Standard Automated Perimetry Parameters
Authors: Abe Ricardo Y , Silva Maíra Gomes Barbosa da , Alves Thiago Nogueira , Hida Wilson Takashi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate reliability and global indices parameters from standard automated perimetry (SAP) in normal eyes undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery with implantation of trifocal or extended depth of focus intraocular lens (IOL).Methods: Prospective comparative study. Comparison of trifocal IOL AcrySof IQ PanOptix® and extended depth of focus intraocular lens (EDOF) Tecnis Symfony® IOL. Patients underwent SAP pre- and postoperatively. Reliability indices (false negative rate - FN, false positive rate – FP), global indices (foveal sensitivity threshold, visual field index - VFI, standard pattern deviation – PSD, mean deviation MD) and test duration were analyzed.Results: A total of 23 eyes from 13 patients were in the trifocal IOL group and a total of 22 eyes from 14 patients were in the EDOF group The following results were obtained by analyzing pre- and postoperative SAP of EDOF IOL: the rate of change of FN was 1.95/1.41% (p=0.61); FP 1.64/1.27 (p=0.60); MD -1.60/-1.08dB (p=0.15); foveal sensitivity was 34.5/33.9dB (p=0.41); VFI 98.5/98.4% (p>0.99); PSD 1.85/1.86 (p=0.07); and for test duration 305.81/298.36s (p=0.35); all respectively. Analysis of pre- and postoperative parameters of trifocal IOL was: the rates of change of FN 1.22/1.83% (p=0.29); FP 1.65/1.48% (p=0.95); MD -1.55/-1.37dB (p=0.19) ; foveal sensitivity 33.9/34.9dB (p=0.47) ; VFI 98.6/98.3% (p=0.62); PSD 1.58/2.05 (p=0.02); and test duration 297.17/298.57s (p=0.87); all respectively. Conclusion: We identified a change in the PSD parameters in the trifocal IOL group. No other significant changes were identified in SAP parameters after implantation of trifocal AcrySof IQ PanOptix® and EDOF Tecnis Symfony® IOL. Longitudinal evaluation showed no changes in SAP after Trifocal and EDOF IOL implantation in normal subjects.
Transcriptomics Analysis and Candidate Genes Associated With Xinjiang Jujubes in Response to Alternaria Alternata Infection
Authors: Fan Yingying , Zhang Ruili , Liu Xiaoqin , Ma Yushan , Wang Yan , Liu Fengjuan , He Weizhong , Wu Aibo , Wang Cheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBlack spot disease, caused by Alternaria altrenata, is one of the most destructive diseases of jujube worldwide. To better understand the resistance mechanisms of jujube to A. altrenata infection to be able to improve disease control and resistance breeding. Two different cultivars, Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. Jun jujube (susceptible) and Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. Hui jujube (resistant), were tested. ResultsIn this study, we identified 2235 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the disease-resistant cultivar and 4958 in the susceptible cultivar. To better understand these DEGs, the datasets were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) database. Most of them were associated with plant phytohormone synthesis and signal transduction, flavonoid synthesis, and glutathione metabolism. The expression of 6 DEGs associated with disease resistance were detected by real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), consistent with the results of Illumina transcriptome sequencing. Moreover, the expression level of the six DEGs differently in Jun jujube and Hui jujube, verified they are defense response factors. Conclusions﻿The present study identified several candidate resistance genes and signal transduction pathways that may contribute to black spot disease resistance in jujube, which will assist the investigation of resistance mechanisms in the response of jujube to A. altrenata infection.
Association Between Decreased Srpk3 Expression And An Increase In Substantia Nigra Alpha-Synuclein Levels In An MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Seo Min Hyung , Yeo Sujung 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is known as the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which is caused by destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of the brain; however, the reason for the death of dopaminergic neurons remains unclear. An increase in α-synuclein (α-syn) is considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of PD. In the current study, we investigated the association between PD and serine/arginine-rich protein specific kinase 3 (Srpk3) in MPTP-induced parkinsonism mice model and in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+. Srpk3 expression was significantly downregulated, while tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) decreased and α-synuclein (α-syn) increased after 4 weeks of MPTP intoxication treatment. Dopaminergic cell reduction and α-syn increase were demonstrated by inhibiting Srpk3 expression by siRNA in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, a decrease in Srpk3 expression upon siRNA treatment promoted dopaminergic cell reduction and α-syn increase in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+. These results suggest that the decrease in Srpk3 expression due to Srpk3 siRNA caused both a decrease in TH and an increase in α-syn. This raises new possibilities for studying how Srpk3 controls dopaminergic cells and α-syn expression, which may be related to the pathogenesis of PD. Our results provide an avenue for understanding the role of Srpk3 during dopaminergic cell loss and α-syn increase in the SN. Furthermore, this study could support a therapeutic possibility for PD in that the maintenance of Srpk3 expression inhibited dopaminergic cell reduction.
Development of Core Outcome Sets for Clinical Trials in Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Ferreira Natália dos Reis , Marto Carlos Miguel , Oliveira Aleli Tôrres , Rodrigues Maria João , DosSantos Marcos Fabio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) is a generic term applied to describe musculoskeletal disorders that affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the masticatory muscles and the related structures. TMD comprises two groups of disorders, namely intra-articular TMD and masticatory muscle disorders. There is still difficulty in establishing the effectiveness of different therapeutic modalities for TMD with robust evidence, despite the large volume of publications in the area. The lack of outcomes standardization may represent a limiting factor in the search for scientific evidence.
Objective

This study aims to develop a core outcome sets (COS) for clinical trials in intra-articular TMD and masticatory muscle disorders.
Methods

The protocol for determining the COS-TMD will consist of three phases: 1. Synthesis of TMD Management Intervention Outcomes. The identification of outcomes will be carried out through a systematic review, which will include randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions used in TMD management. 2. Through a two-round international Delphi survey, the list of outcomes will be scored by three panels of stakeholders. 3. A representative sample of key stakeholders will be invited to participate in a face-to-face meeting where they can discuss the results of the Delphi survey and determine the final core set.
Conclusions

The implementation of this protocol will determine the COS-TMD, which will be made available for use in all TMD clinical studies. The use of COS when planning and reporting TMD clinical trials will reduce the risk of publication bias and enable proper comparison of results found by different studies.
Structural, FTIR, Optical and Dielectric Properties of Zn1-xAlxO Ceramics For Advanced Applications
Authors: Sedky Ahmed , Ali Atif Mossad , Algarni H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report here the structural, FTIR, optical and dielectric properties of Zn1−xAlxO with x = 00.00 < x ≤ 0.20)). The wurtzite structure is conformed to all samples and the lattice constants, crystallite diameter, porosity and average crystalline size are generally decreased. The residual stress is compressive for pure samples, but it is changed to tensile for the doped samples. Interestingly, Debye temperature and elastic modulus are increased as x increases to 0.10, followed by a decrease at x = 0.20. Two different energy gaps Egh and Egl are apparent for each sample, corresponding of two transition absorption peaks. Interestingly, the ΔE = (Egh – Egl) ~ 0.60 for all samples. Further, the residual dielectric constant is decreased by increasing x to 0.10, followed by a sharp increase at x = 0.20 while the opposite behavior for (N/m*). The dielectric constant ε′ is slightly increased as x increases to 0.025, followed by a sharp increase as x increases to 0.20, as well as the ac conductivity σ/. The conduction is electronic for x ≤ 0.025 samples, but it is changed to hole with an increase of x to 0.20. The binding energy Wm was decreased as x increases to 0.20, but there is no exact trend against x for the behaviors of minimum hopping distance Rmin and density of localized states N. In addition, the density of states at Fermi level N (EF) has an optimum value at 195 KHz for all samples. The F-factor for solar cell design is increased as x increases to 0.10, but it is almost constant at x = 0.20. The Cole-Cole plot is a straight line for x = 0.00, a semicircle arc for x = 0.025 and a complete semicircle for x ≥ 0.05. The impedance resistance of grain Z\(g) and grain boundaries Z\(gb) are gradually decreased by increasing x to 0.20. These outcomes indicate that the addition of Al to ZnO shifts the mechanical, optical, and dielectric medium to higher values, which is strongly recommended for the design of optoelectronic and solar cell instruments.
Changes in Retinal Vasculature and Thickness After Femtosecond Laser-assisted Cataract Surgery and Conventional Cataract Surgery Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Zhang Hong , Tan Liangzhang , Tian Fang , Gong Xue , Chen Lu , Ma Zhiqiong , Liang Jingli , Li Xiaorong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose To assess the changes in retinal vasculature and thickness after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods Fifty-six eyes of 56 patients with age-related cataract were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into FLACS or conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS) due to the choice of operation. Vessel density (VD) and thickness at the macular area and optic nerve head (ONH) were checked by OCTA at baseline and at 1 day, 1 month and 3 months after cataract surgery.Results In the FLACS group: The radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density displayed a significant reduction during the follow-up (P < 0.05), even when the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was not significantly changed. There was a significant negative correlation between the changes in RPC density and femtosecond laser-assisted pre-treatment time (FLAPT) at 1 day and 1 month after cataract surgery respectively (both P < 0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, the macular thickness had a significant increase in all regions (all P < 0.05). In the CPS group, the retinal VD and thickness did not show statistically significant changes in all regions during the follow-up (all P > 0.05). However, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was significantly improved in both groups postoperatively (both P < 0.001).Conclusions OCTA provided a promising analysis of retinal vascular alterations, demonstrating the reduction of RPC density and the increase of macular thickness after FLACS. However, these changes had no effect on the improvement of visual acuity after cataract surgery.
Analysis of Voltage Rise Phenomena in Electrical Power Network With High Concentration of Renewable Distributed Generations
Authors: AKINYEMI AYODEJI , Musasa Kabeya , Davidson Innocent 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The increasing penetration levels of Renewable Distributed Generation (RDG) into power system have proven to bring both positive and negative impacts. The occurrence of under voltage at the far end of a conventional Distribution Network (DN) may not raise concern anymore with RDGs integration into the power system. However, a high penetration of RDG into power system may cause problems such as voltage rise or over-voltage and reverse power flows at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) between RDG and DN. This research paper presents the voltage rise and reverse power flow effects in power system with high concentration of RDG. The analysis is conducted on a sample DN, i.e., IEEE 13-bus test system, with RDG by considering the most critical scenario such as low power demand and peak power injection to DN from RDG. The Simulations are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software, a mathematical model of a distribution grid, integrating RDG is developed for studying the effects of voltage rise and bidirectional flow of power. Furthermore, a control strategy is proposed to be installed at PCC of the DN to control/or mitigate the voltage rise effects and to limit the reverse power flow when operating in a worst critical scenario of minimum load and maximum generation from RDG. The proposed control strategy also mitigates the voltage-current harmonic signals, improve the power factor, and voltage stability at PCC. Finally, recommendations are provided for the utility and independent power producer to counteract the effects of voltage rise at PCC. The study demonstrated that, PCC voltage can be sustained with a high concentration of RDG during a worst-case scenario without a reverse power flow and voltage rise beyond grid code limits.
Synergetic Effect of Physical Activity and Fruit-vegetable Intake on the Decreasing of Cognitive Decline in Older Taiwanese
Authors: Wang Richard Szewei , Wang Bing-Long , Huang Yu-Ni , Wan Thomas T.H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Factors which are associated with cognitive decline among elders include physical activity and the intake of fruit and vegetable, however, long-term effects and the concurrence of physical activity and fruit-vegetable intake are unknown. The present study explores this potential synergy for the mitigation of cognitive decline among a cohort of older Taiwanese in a 16-year longitudinal study. Five population-based surveys from the Taiwan Longitudinal Survey on Aging (1995–2015) involving 4,440 respondents over 53 years old in 1999 were studied. Trends in decrease of cognitive decline were observed for 16 years. Cognitive function was assessed using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). Adjustments made on regression analysis included demographic, socioeconomic, health behavioral, and disease status covariates. The risk of cognitive decline decreased 63% when high physical activity group and high intake of fruit-vegetable group were combined (OR :0.37, 95% CI: 0.23–0.59). More physical activity was combined with greater fruit-vegetable intake, cognitive decline among older Taiwanese was mitigated. This indicates that there may be a synergistic effect of physical activity and fruit-vegetable intake on mitigating cognitive decline. Synergistic personal behavior is a safe, effective, and economical approach to health in later life.