bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On some dynamic inequalities of Ostrowski, trapezoid, and Grüss type on time scales
Authors: El-Deeb Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present manuscript, we prove some new extensions of the dynamic Ostrowski inequality and its companion inequalities on an arbitrary time scale by using two parameters for functions whose second delta derivatives are bounded. In addition to these generalizations, some integral and discrete inequalities are obtained as special cases of main results.
Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of exosomes in prostate cancer
Authors: Cui Xiaolin , Fu Qiang , Wang Xueying , Xia Pengcheng , Cui Xianglun , Bai Xiaohui , Lu Zhiming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProstate cancer (PC) is a common tumor in men, and the incidence rate is high worldwide. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles released by all types of cells into multiple biological fluid types. These vesicles contribute to intercellular communication by delivering both nucleic acids and proteins to recipient cells. In recent years, many studies have explored the mechanisms by which exosomes mediate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment establishment, and drug resistance acquisition in PC, and the mechanisms that have been identified and the molecules involved have provided new perspectives for the possible discovery of novel diagnostic markers in PC. Furthermore, the excellent biophysical properties of exosomes, such as their high stability, high biocompatibility and ability to cross biological barriers, have made exosomes promising candidates for use in novel targeted drug delivery system development. In this review, we summarize the roles of exosomes in the growth and signal transmission in PC and show the promising future of exosome contributions to PC diagnostics and treatment.
Duplex-specific nuclease and Exo-III enzyme-assisted signal amplification cooperating DNA-templated silver nanoclusters for label-free and sensitive miRNA detection
Authors: Liu Hongli , Zhu Changqiong , Mou Chunyan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDevelopment of novel miRNA detection strategies plays a crucial role in fundamental research and clinical diagnosis of various diseases, such as infantile pneumonia. We herein develop a rapid and sensitive DNA-templated AgNCs-based miRNA detection approach, pinning the hope on an improved detection sensitivity in an easy-to-operate way. In the method, a hairpin probe is designed to specifically bind with target miRNA, and to initiate the DSN enzyme and Exo-III-assisted dual signal recycles. The resultant guanine-rich DNA sequences after signal amplification turn on the fluorescence of the dark AgNCs by hybridizing with the DNA template of the dark AgNCs. The generated signals are correlated with the amounts of target miRNA in the sensing system. Through a series of experiments, the established approach exhibits a great dynamic range of more than seven orders of magnitude with a low limit of detection of 245 aM, holding great promises for miRNA-related researches and disease diagnosis.
Graphical abstract
Topside equatorial spread F-related field-aligned Poynting flux: observations and simulations
Authors: Rodríguez-Zuluaga J. , Stolle C. , Hysell D. , Knudsen D. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectric and magnetic field data from the Swarm constellation mission are used to report on the Poynting flux associated with postsunset topside equatorial spread F. A three-dimensional numerical simulation of plasma density irregularities in the F region ionosphere leading to spread F is used to interpret and support the satellite observations. Here, we focus on quasi-static magnetic and electric fields nearby equatorial plasma depletions (EPDs). The observations show a correlation of the Poynting flux with the plasma number density when background densities are larger than $$\mathrm {10^5 ~cm^{-3}}$$

10
5

cm

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3

—typical of pre-midnight hours. In other words, the Poynting flux increases as EPDs get more depleted. As time passes, both plasma density and Poynting flux decay. For the latter, however, this temporal dependence is evident in the pre-midnight sector only. Concerning spatial variations, the Poynting flux is observed to enhance inside EPDs as a function of magnetic latitude mainly due to the strengthening of field-aligned currents as they flow away from the dip equator. The Poynting flux follows the dynamo theory, wherein the winds in the F region act as the generator at night and the E region conductivity on shared magnetic field lines as the load. That said, the Poynting flux is generally expected to flow along the field lines away from a dynamo source at the dip equator. Nevertheless, observations show unidirectional flows from one magnetic hemisphere to another, suggesting a generator below the satellites’ altitude. The numerical simulations confirm these observations and show that such latitudinal shifts of the generator are due almost entirely to the winds.
Graphical Abstract
The network structure of ICD-11 adjustment disorder: A comparison of clinical and nonclinical samples
Authors: Levin Yafit , Karatzias Thanos , Shevlin Mark , Ben-Ezra Menachem , Maercker Andreas , Bachem Rahel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundInternational Classification of Diseases, 11th revision (ICD-11) adjustment disorder (AjD) is characterized by two main symptom clusters: preoccupation with the stressor and failure to adapt to the stressor. The network analytic approach provides important information on the structural validity of a disorder and reveals which symptoms are most prominent. To date, no study compared the network structure of AjD symptoms in clinical and nonclinical samples, which could potentially inform our understanding of psychopathological mechanisms that underlie AjD and identify core targets for therapy.MethodsA network analysis was conducted on AjD symptoms as assessed by the Adjustment Disorder—New Module (ADNM-8) using data from 330 clinical participants from the UK and a nonclinical sample of 699 participants from Switzerland.ResultsComparisons of network structure invariance revealed differences between the network structure of the clinical and the nonclinical samples. Results highlight that in terms of both edges strength and centrality, failure to adapt symptoms was more prominent in the clinical sample, while the preoccupation symptoms were more prominent in the nonclinical sample. Importantly, global strength was similar across networks.ConclusionsResults provide evidence of the coherence of AjD in the ICD-11 as assessed by the ADNM questionnaire. They tentatively suggest that subclinical AjD may be characterized by emerging preoccupation symptoms that may result in failure to adapt and functional impairment in clinical manifestation of AjD. However, there is a need for replication and longitudinal research to further validate this hypothesis.
Setting Reserve Prices in Second-Price Auctions with Unobserved Bids
Authors: Rhuggenaath Jason , Akcay Alp , Zhang Yingqian , Kaymak Uzay 
Published: July 2022

In this work we consider a seller who sells an item via second-price auctions with a reserve price. By controlling the reserve price, the seller can influence the revenue from the auction, and in this paper, we propose a method for learning optimal reserve prices. We study a limited information setting where the probability distribution of the bids from bidders is unknown and the values of the bids are not revealed to the seller. Furthermore, we do not assume that the seller has access to a historical data set with bids. Our main contribution is a method that incorporates knowledge about the rules of second-price auctions into a multiarmed bandit framework for optimizing reserve prices in our limited information setting. The proposed method can be applied in both stationary and nonstationary environments. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art bandit algorithms. In stationary environments, our method outperforms these algorithms when the horizon is short and performs as good as they do for longer horizons. Our method is especially useful if there is a high number of potential reserve prices. In addition, our method adapts quickly to changing environments and outperforms state-of-the-art bandit algorithms designed for nonstationary environments. Summary of Contribution: A key challenge in online advertising is the pricing of advertisements in online auctions. The scope of our study is second-price auctions with a focus on the reserve price optimization problem from a seller’s point of view. This problem is motivated by the real-life practice of small and medium-sized web publishers. However, the proposed solution approach is applicable to any seller who sells an item via second-price auctions and wants to optimize its reserve price during these auctions. Our solution approach is based on techniques from machine learning and operations research, and it would be beneficial especially for sellers who start the selling process without any historical data and can collect the data on the outcomes of the auctions while making reserve price decisions over time. History: Accepted by RamRamesh, Area Editor for Data Science & Machine Learning. Supplemental Material: The supplementary material is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1199 .
Are we meeting the standards set for informed consent in spinal surgery?
Authors: Esemen Y , Mostofi A , Richardson D , Pereira EAC 
Published: July 2022

Introduction Informed consent empowers patients to exercise their autonomy and actively participate in their medical care. Guidance published by the British Association of Spine Surgeons (BASS) lists three components of consent: provision of information booklets, patient-centred dialogue and completion of appropriate consent forms. The aim of the study was to review the quality of the spinal surgery consent process against the BASS guidance in a single tertiary neurosurgery centre in London. Methods Retrospective review of clinic letters and consent forms was performed for 100 consecutive cases of elective, non-instrumented spinal decompression surgeries performed in 2019. Documentation was graded for inclusion of the intended benefit (improvement of pain/prevention of neurological deterioration), alternative management options (including no treatment), surgical options and risks (infection, bleeding, paralysis, sphincter disturbances, dural tear and recurrence). Provision of supplementary information booklets was recorded. Two-tailed Fisher exact test was used to calculate statistical significance where appropriate. Results Documentation of indications and risks of elective spinal surgery, specifically risk of recurrence (62%) and sphincter disturbance (85%), was suboptimal on the consent forms. Documentation of these risks was also poor in clinic letters (<50%). Alternative treatment options were explained in less than half of the clinic letters, and there was no documentation of information booklet provision prior to elective surgeries. Conclusion Lack of informed consent plays a major role in medical malpractice claims in spinal surgery. Poor documentation puts the surgeon in a liable position. BASS guidance could be implemented to create a more standardised process of consent in spinal surgery.
Quality of life of the cancer patients receiving home-based palliative care in Dhaka city of Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Jheelam , Faruque Mithila , Banik Palash Chandra , Ahmad Nezamuddin , Mashreky Saidur Rahman 
Published: July 2022

Background
The concept of home-based palliative care has been recently introduced in Bangladesh, but the patients’ quality of life remains unexplored. This study aimed to assess the quality of life and its determinants of the cancer patients receiving home-based palliative care in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 51 surviving cancer patients above 18 years registered under the home-based care service of the Department of Palliative Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data was collected by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire based on the “Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Palliative (FACIT-Pal)” questionnaire from February to March 2019. Descriptive analysis was done for the socio-demographic, disease and treatment related factors. Mann-Whiteney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and logistic regression were done to determine the relationships between independent variables and QoL.

Result
The majority of the patients (76.5%) were women. The mean age of the respondents was 56.2±4.8 years. Common primary sites of cancer were breast (39.2%), gastrointestinal (17.6%), and genitourinary system (23.5%). The median duration of getting home-based care was four months. The most prevalent problems were pain, sadness, feeling ill, and lack of satisfaction regarding sexual life. The majority (88.2%) of the patients had an average and above-average quality of life. Although, 92.1%patients had average or above-average social and emotional wellbeing, 60.8% had below-average physical wellbeing. Patients’ marital status, belief about disease prognosis, and duration of getting home-based care had a positive influence, and age negatively influenced the quality of life.

Conclusion
The majority of the patients receiving home-based palliative care in Dhaka city had average or above-average quality of life. However, these patients had better social and emotional wellbeing, but the physical wellbeing and symptom control were below-average according to the individual domain.
Rapid prediction of in-hospital mortality among adults with COVID-19 disease
Authors: Kim Kyoung Min , Evans Daniel S. , Jacobson Jessica , Jiang Xiaqing , Browner Warren , Cummings Steven R. 
Published: July 2022

Background
We developed a simple tool to estimate the probability of dying from acute COVID-19 illness only with readily available assessments at initial admission.

Methods
This retrospective study included 13,190 racially and ethnically diverse adults admitted to one of the New York City Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H) system for COVID-19 illness between March 1 and June 30, 2020. Demographic characteristics, simple vital signs and routine clinical laboratory tests were collected from the electronic medical records. A clinical prediction model to estimate the risk of dying during the hospitalization were developed.

Results
Mean age (interquartile range) was 58 (45–72) years; 5421 (41%) were women, 5258 were Latinx (40%), 3805 Black (29%), 1168 White (9%), and 2959 Other (22%). During hospitalization, 2,875 were (22%) died. Using separate test and validation samples, machine learning (Gradient Boosted Decision Trees) identified eight variables—oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pulse rate, blood urea nitrogen level, age and creatinine—that predicted mortality, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 94%. A score based on these variables classified 5,677 (46%) as low risk (a score of 0) who had 0.8% (95% confidence interval, 0.5–1.0%) risk of dying, and 674 (5.4%) as high-risk (score ≥ 12 points) who had a 97.6% (96.5–98.8%) risk of dying; the remainder had intermediate risks. A risk calculator is available online at https://danielevanslab.shinyapps.io/Covid_mortality/.

Conclusions
In a diverse population of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 illness, a clinical prediction model using a few readily available vital signs reflecting the severity of disease may precisely predict in-hospital mortality in diverse populations and can rapidly assist decisions to prioritize admissions and intensive care.
A cross-sectional study of dental students perception of dental faculty gender differences
Authors: Rashid Shaista , ElSalhy Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate students’ perceptions of differences in learning from faculty of different gender.

Method
This cross-sectional study involved pre-doctoral dental students (years 2 to 4) who had a simulation and/or clinical experience working with dental faculty for at least one year. Students completed a self-administered questionnaire with three sections: demographic, difference between faculty related to their knowledge, skill, critical thinking, acceptance of cultural differences, and students’ preferences in working with faculty in specialty clinics.

Results
A total of 136 students completed the survey (75.4% response rate). Participants were 52.6% women, 62.2% self-identified as Caucasian/White. Students reported that female faculty are more understanding (p = 0.001) and accepting of cultural differences (p<0.001) compared to male faculty (p<0.05). Students reported perceiving female faculty more as being a role model than male faculty (p = 0.034). When comparing male and female students, male student’s perception of male faculty as a role model was significantly higher than female students (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in student’s perceptions between male and female faculty in their knowledge, skills, compassion, critical thinking, providing feedback, communication skills, and grading (p>0.05). Caucasian/White students perceived female faculty as more encouraging for discussions and male faculty as more rigid/inflexible (p<0.05).

Conclusions
Students perceived female faculty as more understanding and culturally competent compared to male faculty. There were no significant differences in student’s perceptions of male and female faculty in their knowledge, skills, compassion, critical thinking, feedback, communication skills, and grading. Students perceived female faculty as role models more than male faculty.
The causal relationship between allergic diseases and heart failure: Evidence from Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Guo Yan-Ge , Zhang Yan , Liu Wei-Li 
Published: July 2022

Background
Emerging evidence shows allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and asthma, are risk factors of heart failure. However, the causal relationship between allergic diseases and heart failure is not clear.

Methods
We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis between allergic diseases and heart failure using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies from large GWAS consortia, with total sample size of 1.2 million. Independent instrumental variables for asthma and atopic dermatitis (P<1×10−5) were used as the exposure. We applied five models for the Mendelian randomization analysis. Finally, we performed the sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the results.

Results
We have identified 55 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for asthma 54 independent SNPs for atopic dermatitis as our instrumental variables. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) analysis showed asthma was significantly associated with increased risk of heart failure (ORIVW = 1.04, 95% CI, 1.01–1.07, P = 0.03). The Mendelian randomization analysis using the other four models also showed consistent results with the IVW analysis. Similarly, atopic dermatitis was also significantly associated with an increased risk of heart failure (ORIVW = 1.03, 95% CI, 1.01–1.06, P = 0.01), consistent with the other four models. The sensitivity analysis showed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or results were driven by single SNPs.

Conclusion
Our study identified asthma and atopic dermatitis as a causal risk factor for heart failure and suggest inflammatory pathogenesis as a key factor contributing to the underlying mechanism. These findings emphasize the importance of asthma and allergy control in the prevention and management of heart failure.
Depressive symptoms before and after Parkinson’s diagnosis—A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Song Shengfang , Luo Zhehui , Li Chenxi , Huang Xuemei , Shiroma Eric J. , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Chen Honglei 
Published: July 2022

Background
Depression is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is however unclear when and how depressive symptoms develop and progress in the course of PD development.

Objective
To assess how depressive symptoms evolve in PD, using repeated measures.

Methods
In 2994 older adults, ages 70–79 years, depressive symptoms were assessed 8 times over 11 years using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). For each PD patient at each time point, we calculated the difference between CESD-10 score and its expected value estimated based on data from individuals without PD, and then realigned the time scale in reference to the year of PD diagnosis. We examined longitudinal changes in CESD-10 scores before and after PD diagnosis using a joint modeling approach to account for competing risks of non-participation and death.

Results
A total of 79 PD patients were identified at enrollment or during the follow-up, with repeatedly assessed depressive symptom data up to 9 years before and after PD diagnosis. We found a monotonic trend of increasing CESD-10 score in PD patients throughout the observational period (p = 0.002). The observed scores became higher than expected approximately 7 years before PD diagnosis and significantly different 1 year before PD diagnosis.

Conclusions
Increasing depressive symptomatology appears to precede PD diagnosis by a few years.
Demarcaciones regionales y microrregional:
Authors: Trujillo-Díaz Ana Gabriela , Cruz-Morales Juana 
Published: July 2022

La historia sobre las demarcaciones regionales de la Sierra Madre de Chiapas (SMCh) y la Frailesca se funda en procesos políticos enlazados, inicialmente, con la importancia económica y más recientemente con lo ambiental. El objetivo es abordar, brevemente, la génesis de las poblaciones “irregulares” localizadas al interior de un Área Natural Protegida (ANP) al sur del estado de Chiapas, México. Se realizó una breve cronología con los principales elementos que favorecieron la demarcación de las dos regiones para posteriormente analizar sus implicaciones sociales en la demarcación de la microrregión de la Sierra de Villaflores. Se encontró que las demarcaciones regionales tanto de la SMCh como de la Frailesca perpetuaron la reproducción de relaciones sociales caciquiles; cuyos efectos se acentúan a escala microrregional pues ha provocado una distinción, interna y externa, entre los ejidos y las poblaciones “irregulares”.
Palabras clave: Poder. Finca. Rezago agrario. Ecosistemas. Áreas Naturales Protegidas.
Correlation between Hematologic Parameters and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in the Full-Term Pregnant Patients in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Sukri Muhamad 
Published: July 2022

Objective: We investigated the role of hematologic parameter such as hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelet, hemoglobin platelet ratio (HPR), hemoglobin white blood cells ratio (HWR) in full-term pregnant patients and correlate the result with their urine culture following delivery. Methods: Between 2019-2020, a total number of 95 pregnant patients were retrospectively evaluated at the maternal ward.Results: The average age of the subjects was 29.15 (SD ± 5.95), median of parity of 2 (range 1- 4) and mean of gestational age was 37.5 (SD ± 1.67). There is no difference between groups on the surgery types and comorbidities condition. Among the patients, 14 urine cultures produced growth of 105 CFU/ml bacteria. Pearson’s correlation test showed that leukocyte inversely correlated with bacteriuria, meanwhile hemoglobin white blood cell ratio (HWR) is positively correlated with urinary culture result. In the diagnostic performance, HWR had AUC of 0.765 with sensitivity and specificity of 78.6% and 64.2% respectively at the cut off of 11.92.Conclusions: Prediction of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant patient by simple calculation of HWR might be helpful in significantly reducing workload and costs of urine culture. It is a great advantage that the parameters we use in our work are easily accessible and can be performed in emergency conditions.