bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scotch Pine, Pales Weevil and Pissodes Weevil Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Scotch pine Christmas tree stumps, from trees cut for the previous holiday season, were treated in a local plantation with three insecticides and four isolates of the fungus Peniphoragigantea1 A randomized block design was replicated six times. Overwintering adults were crawling over the stumps at the time of application. Stump surface was sprayed with a compressed air sprayer operating at 30 psi. On September 7, 1978 the bark was removed from the treated stumps and the number of chip cocoons tabulated. The Pissodes weevils have been variously identified by taxonomists as P. pissodes, P. approximate and P. nemorensis over a several year period. Probably a complex of species in involved.
Sod Webworm Control in Kentucky Bluegrass, 1977
Authors: Hellman John L. , Newton Perry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for the control of webworms on moderately infested two year old bluegrass sod field. Precounts in checks averaged 2.5 larvae/sq ft. At time of treatment, Aug 2’77, 80% of the larvae were in the last instar. Plots were 10 x 10 ft laid out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. The granular treatments of Bendiocarb 5G was applied by hand shaker can and the remaining granules were applied by a drop type lawn spreader. Sprays were applied at a rate of 30 gpa with a boom mounted on a wheeled ‘sulky’ type of frame. Pressure of 40 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Post treatment counts (3 sq ft samples/plot) were made on Aug 4’77 by cutting the grass sample area down to the thatch layer and soaking each area with a weak solution of pyrethrins in water. The number of larvae forced to the surface after eight minutes was recorded.
Kentucky Bluegrass, Cutworm Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of 14 treatments was applied to a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana on June 14, 1978. At the time of treatment adult moths were flying and egg deposition for the first generation had begun. Plots were 7 by 14 feet and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pressure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Granular applications were made with a 7 foot wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. Half of each plot was sampled on July 12 and 25 by applying a mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and counting the number of larvae that emerged.
Chickens, SevinR Sprayed at Different Concentrations and Rates for Control of Northern Fowl Mite, 1978
Authors: Hall R. D. , Vandepopuliere J. M. , Jaynes W. , Lyons J. J. , Foehse M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was conducted near Springfield, Mo., using hens housed 7 per cage in single-tier wire units. Three rows in the 12,000 hen open-sided facility were subdivided into plots containing 200 birds each and SevinR or control treatment assigned randomly. Treatments were replicated 3 times; therefore, a total of 600 hens housed on both sides of a row received identical applications. Randomization of treatment replicates throughout the house minimized any cumulative effect of prevailing wind. Analysis of mite populations was made by inspecting a total of 30 hens selected at random from each treatment and rating them according to the following index: 0 - no mites, 1=1-5 mites, 2 = 6-15 mites, 3 = 16-50 mites, 4 = 51-100 mites, 5 = 101-500 mites, and 6 = more than 500 mites. Pretreafment counts indicated that all hens supported uniform mite infestations. SevinR was applied via a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 2-nozzle boom designed to treat both sides of a row of cages from underneath. Treatment rates of carbaryl were as follows: 1.0% ai - 2 litres/100 hens, 0.5% ai - 4 litres/100 hens 0.25% ai - 8 litres/100 hens, 0.125% ai - 16 litres/100 hens.
Pear, Pear Psylla Control, 1978
Authors: Bode W. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted in a 1.5-acre planting of 6-yr-old ‘d-Anjou’ pear trees. Dilute sprays were applied to single-tree plots with a hand gun and hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Unsprayed trees were alternated with treated trees within rows. Experiment 1 (Table 1) consisted of 6 prebloom treatments, 5 of which were miscible oil-insecticide combinations, applied Apr 18 (budburst) and Apr 25 (clusterbud). Single-tree plots were replicated 6 times in a complete randomized-block design. Effects of the treatments on pear psylla were evaluated by taking 5 spur leaf clusters at random from each plot and examining them with a stereo microscope. The numbers of eggs and nymphs per sample were recorded. Experiment 2 (Table 2) consisted of 4 treatments applied at petal fall (May 19). Single-tree plots were replicated 6 times in a complete randomized-block design. The plots which received prebloom treatments of Perthane + oil and mancozeb on Apr 18 and 25 were also included in this evaluation. May 18 and 24 counts of psylla eggs and nymps again were made by removing 5 spur leaf clusters from each plot and examining them with a stereo microscope. Counts of eggs and nymphs on Jun 6 were made from 10 leaves taken at random from growing terminal shoots of each plot. Adult pear psylla were sampled Jun 7 by counting the number that were jarred from 3 branches/tree onto an 18-inch square cloth-covered tray. Experiment 3: (Cover spray treatments) Fourteen treatments were applied to single-tree plots replicated 5 times each in a complete randomized-block design. Treatmgits were applied Jun 20 (Table 3), Jul 6 (Table 4), and Aug 17 (Table 5), with the exception of the two Pydrin treatments which were not reapplied on Aug 17. Counts of psylla eggs and nymphs were made from 10 leaves collected randomly from 10 shoot terminals/per plot. Adults were again sampled with an 18-inch square beating tray. All data were subjected to analysis of variance and were grouped using the Waller-Duncan K-ratio t test or DMRT.
Topical Toxicity of Insecticides to Strawberry Sap Beetle Adults, Ohio, 1978
Authors: Weiss Michael J. , Williams Roger N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Strawberry sap beetle adults were laboratory-reared and maintained on autoclaves prunes at 23 ± 2°C and 70% RH under a 16-hr photoperiod. Stock solutions (0.01%) of each insecticide tested were prepared from technical grade materials and diluted with technical grade acetone. Two replicates of 20beetles each (mixed sex and age) were anesthetized by placing them in a 9.0-cm plastic petri dish and placing the dish on a cold surface (ca. 1.0° C). Topical applications (1 μl/beetle) were applied to the venter of the abdomen with a 0.25-cc glass syringe using a microapplicator. After treatment, beetles were placed in inverted 9.0-cm plastic petri dishes lined with filter paper discs. A 10% honey solution was added to the filter paper via a plastic squeeze bottle. The honey solution provided a carbohydrate source as well as water. Controls consisted of 2 replicates which were treated with the solvent and 2 replicates which were not treated. All beetles were placed in an insect-rearing room maintained under the above conditions. Mortality was assessed 24 hr after treatment.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1978
Authors: Bullock Robert C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Small quantities of two candidate organotin miticides were tested for control of citrus rust mite on infested fruit. Mature oranges on ten]8-yr-old trees were examined for presence of rust mites. Ten fruit on each tree with population densities of at least 10 mites in each of two 1.2 cm2 lensfields searched per fruit were selected for use. Fruit was assigned randomly to a treatment and tagged for identification. Foliage and twigs touching the selected fruit were pruned to prevent immediate reinfestation. Quart aliquots equivalent to the rate/100 gal for each material were prepared and fruit immersed for 10 sec in the solution on Nov 28“77. Population densities per two 1.2-cm2 lensf ield per fruit were determined periodically after treatment.
Pecan Stem Phylloxera Control in Mississippi, 1977
Authors: Polles S. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on mature ‘Success’ pecan trees ta Shelby, Mississippi. Seven experimentol treatments and an untreated check were tested in 10-tree plots replicated twice in a completely random design. Applications were timed to accord with phylloxera emergence and bud development. On Mar 31 and Apr 12 each tree received ca. 12 gal of spray applied with a John Bean 757 sprayer. On May 12 the number of galls on a total of 30 terminals randomly collected from each plot was counted.
Cabbage Foliar Protective Insecticide Spray Study, 1978
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY on ‘Wisconsin Golden Acres 84’ white cabbage in a field replanted in cabbage for the third year. The crop was transplanted Jun 8’78 in a randomized block design (28 rows of cabbage) with three replications and 24-inch row spacing. Dacthal 75W was used preemergence at 12 lbs/acre and 200 lbs 20-20-20 fall applied and disced in. Bravo 6F at 1 qt/A was applied with Cub tractor boom sprayer weekly as maintenance. Broadcast foliar sprays using CO2 bottle sprayer and a 5’ swath passes per plot at 30 GPA and 30 psi. Weekly sprays started Jun 27’78 and continued Jul 5, 12, 18, 25, Aug 1, 8, and 15. At harvest, Aug 25’78, 10 mature cabbage heads per plot were cut, weighed and rated for insect damage. The following foliar feeding injury index rating on heads was used: 1) only slight or a trace of chewing; 2) less than 10% chewing on leaves; 3) severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4) severe feeding on 50% of leaves; and 5) 100% severely injured.
Cabbage Maggot Control Using Dasanit 6E, 1978
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments consisted of two 50-ft rows planted in blocks and replicated 4 times. Insecticide applications were based on a 24-inch row width because this is the row width most commonly used by cole crop growers in New York State. Seeds were planted with a tractor-mounted Stan-Hay 2-row precision seeder on Jun 7. The over-furrow sprays at planting time were applied in 63 gal. H2O/A through a PTO driven delivery system mounted on the tractor. A single flat fan nozzle (1510), rotated sideways to produce a 3-4 inch wide spray band over the closed furrow, was mounted on a bracket just above and behind each packer wheel. Seeds were planted at 15/ft and thinned on Jun 27 to 1 every 1.5 feet. Timed sprays for reduction of succeeding generations of cabbage maggot flies were applied to both crops on Jul 17 and to cabbage only on Aug 18. Delivery of these sprays was made through a PTO driven tractor-mounted 2-row sprayer with 3 flat fan (110015) nozzles/row at 55 gals. H2O/A. Damage assessments were made on Oct 4 by pulling 10 roots/treatment/replication, washing them, and counting the number of cabbage maggot tunnels in each root.
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm Control, 1978
Authors: All J. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Funks G80 planted Apr 28, 1978, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was Applying sandy loam. Randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots x 20 ft long x 38-inch row width x 2-ft alleys; 5 replicates. Plants treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 50 gal/A directed on the plant ears. The sprays were applied on Jun 27, 29, and on Jul 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13. All ears in the center 18 ft of row were examined on Jul 17 for the presence of corn earworm larvae or damage.
Control of the Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sweet corn was planted Apr 4’77. Plots were I-row, 40-ft in. length and were separated by 1 row of unsprayed corn. Row spacing was 3 ft. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Soil was a loamy sand and received 4.5 in. rain + 8 in. irrigation. Sprays were applied with a hand held compression sprayer equipped with a single nozzle directed to the silks at 25 gal/acre and 30-40 psi. Spray intervals were 1 and 2 days from May 28 -Jun 7. Plots were harvested Jun 14 and ears were scored for feeding damage (good = no damage, trace = &lt; 1 cm feeding, unmarketable = &gt; 1 cm feeding).
Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer Control in Sweet Corn, 1977
Authors: Flood Brian R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted Jun 2477 (app. 1000 HU 50) so that expected European corn borer and corn earworm moth flights would coincide with ear formation. Four randomized complete blocks each 80 ft long x 168 rows were used. Each block contained 20 chemical treatments and 5 stratified untreated checks. Each replicate consisted of four rows of corn with two border rows between treatments. Ten border rows were left on the edge of each block. Insecticides were applied with a modified commercial Hagie Hiboy equipped to spray each 4-row plots with six D2/23 Tee Jet tips per row at 30 gpa. Applications were initiated at 80% silk on Aug 17 and retreatments were made on Aug 21, 24, 27, and 31. At harvest, 14 days after the last application, 25 ears from the middle two rows of each replicate were examined for “early” or “late” instar larvae of the European corn borer and corn earworm. The number of “early” European corn borer or corn earworms is an indicator of residual control after the last application. Damage to each ear was assessed as “none (clean)”, “tip only”, and “tip and side”. Third generation European corn borers heavily infested the area after the last treatment but did little ear damage and were not considered in the damage assessment. Earworm pressure was intense and was the main cause of economic damage in this test.
Corn Earworm Control, Prosser, WA, 1978
Authors: Pike K. S. , Drake S. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirteen chemicals at various rates were applied to sweet corn using a “Highboy” high-clearance experimental plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 42 gpa at 50 psi. Plots were 4 rows wide on 34-inch centers, 30-feet in length, replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. The two center rows of each plot were sprayed on both sides using TX-3 cone nozzles directed at the ears from above and below. The outside rows of each plot served more as “buffer rows”, i.e., nozzles were directed somewhat downward restricting possible spray drift into adjacent plots. Sprays were applied on Sep 2, 6, 10, 14, 19 and 22. Twenty ears were sampled at random from the center rows of each replicate on Sep 26. Each ear was evaluated for earworm damage, length of feeding damage from eartip, and circumference feeding damage using an index of 0 to 1 where 0 = no feeding, 0.1 = 1 to 2 kernals, 0.2 = eartip up to 1/5 circumference, 0.25 = 1/4, 0.5 = 1/2, 0.75 = 3/4, 1.0 = entire circumference. Additionally, 20 ears/treatment selected at random from two replicates were sampled for fresh corn processing to determine if any chemical treatments affected corn quality, i.e., moisture, color, and soluble solids.
Cucumber and Squash Control of the Vegetable Leafminer and Two-Spotted Mite, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cucumbers and squash were planted Jun 26’77 to a field of loamy sand that received 7 in. of rain and 6 in. of irrigation. Plots were single rows (6 ft row width) and were replicated 4x in randomized complete blocks. Sprays were applied Jul 1, 8, 15, 22, 27 using a 1-nozzle, hand held compression type sprayer at 30 psi and 50 gal/acre. Plots were evaluated Aug 2 by recording vegetable leafminer injury in 10 medium age leaves/plot. Five similar leaves were removed to the laboratory for microscopic examination of 2-spotted mites.
Turnip and Mustard Greens, Diamondback Moth Control, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Turnip and mustard greens were planted on Mar 7‘77. Plots were 2 rows, 1 row turnips and 1 row mustard, 45-ft in length. Distance between rows was 3-ft. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Soil type was a loamy sand and received 7 in. rain + irrigation. The plots were sprayed Apr 14 and 22 using a tractor mounted boom, 3 nozzles/row, 50 psi and 50 gal/A. The treatments were evaluated Apr 18 by vigorously dislodging insects from 9 ft row/plot into an 18 in. square pan. On Apr 27 plots were scored for damage by recording defoliation on 10 leaves/plot using a 0-3 scale (0 = no damage, 1 = 1-2 holes, 2 = 3-5 holes, 3 = &gt; 5 holes).
Control of Aster Leafhopper on Lettuce, 1978
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each treatment consisted of two 45-ft rows bordered on each side by 2 untreated rows and planted in a randomized complete block design with 15-ft- roadways between blocks. The test was planted on Jun 16 using a Stan-Hay 2-row precision seeder. The seeding rate was 15 seeds/ft, but was thinned to ca 1/ft on Jul 20. Spray applications were made using a PTO-driven tractor mounted 2-row sprayer delivering 33.7 gallons H2O/A on a 36-inch row basis through 3 flat fan nozzles (110015)/row. The plot was sprayed 4 times between Aug 2 and Aug 30. Adult leafnoppers were counted at 2 and 6 days after spraying, using a hand sweep net (50 sweeps/treatment).
Cabbage Looper and Fall Armyworm Control on Head Lettuce, 1978
Authors: Straub Richard W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on ‘iceburg’ lettuce planted Jul 20 in organic muck. Plots were single 40 ft rows with 4 replications in randomized complete blocks. Foliar treatments were applied through a CO2 pressurized knapsack sprayer operated at 37 psi delivering 85 gallons/A through 1 overhead nozzle/row. Granules and bait were applied through a cone seeder attachment on a planet-Jr., with an 8 in. band of material being dropped over the tops of plants. Foliar applications were on Sep 4, 12 and 19, granular and bait applications were on Sep 4. Evaluation was at harvest maturity on Sep 25. Samples consisted of 25 randomly selected heads/treatment replicate and heads were considered infested if larvae or fresh larval feeding was observed.
Onion Maggot Control, 1978
Authors: Seymour P. K. , Wilsey W. T. , Davis A. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two test plots for onion maggot control were planted on Elba (Apr 19) and Oswego (May 9 and 12) mucklands, two major onion growing areas of New York. Plots consisted of single row 30-ft treatments, 15-inches apart, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. From each 30-ft row only the middle 20-ft was used to record data. All treatments were applied in the furrow with a hand operated cone seeder, planting 9 seeds/ft and delivering 75 gals H2O/A through a gravity fed system. Dithane M-45 (80 WP) at the rate of 3 lbs formulation/A accompanied each treatment for control of onion smut. After emergence, stand counts were taken. Counts to check for thepresence of damaged (flagged) plants started in Jun and continued until plant mortality ceased in July. Each injured plant was inspected for maggot damage and removed from the plot area. On Aug 23 at Elba and on Sep 13 at Oswego the onions in the center 20 ft of each row were harvested. Each treatment was topped, counted and weighed.
Control of the Cowpea Curculio and European Cornborer on Southern Peas Test 2, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peas were planted Aug 10‘77. Plots were 2 rows (3 ft between rows), 68 ft long, and were replicated 4 times in randomized complete blocks. Soil was loamy sand and received 10 in. rain and 3 in. irrigation. Plots were sprayed Sep 8, 22, 26, 29, Oct 3 and 6 using a tractor mounted boom, 3 nozzles/row, 50 gal/acre, 50 psi. On Oct 7 and 12, 25 plots/plot were examined for European cornborer holes in the pod and cowpea curculio stings on the hull and shelled peas.
Eppermint, Fumibotys Fumalis Control, Washington, 1978
Authors: Pike K. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An infested 3-year-old peppermint field near Harrah, WA, was selected to study two insecticides for control of Fumibotys fumalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae. F. fumalis is a serious new rhizome-boring soil pest of peppermint in central Washington. Insecticides were applied as broadcast sprays on Sep 28, using a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on a bicycle-wheeled carriage, calibrated to deliver 25 gpa at 40 psi. Soil temperature was 72°F at a depth of 2 inches on the date of spraying. Plots were 8 x 30 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Following insecticide application, plots were sprinkler irrigated for 12 hours. Mint height was 1 to 2 inches. Soil was classified as an Ashue loam, with a pH of 6.5, percent organic matter 1.4. Efficacy data were based on three 0.5 ft2 soil samples/replicate (soil depth sampled, 3 inches). Samples were placed in Berlese funnels for 48 hours for larval recovery.
Potato Pest Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1978
Authors: Cancelado Rafael E. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 24, at Rosemount, Mn. Treatments were applied to 4-row plots, 45-ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from Jun 27. Insecticides were applied Jul 18, Aug 1, 16, and 29, and Sep 15, in 100 gal water/acre at ca. 300 psi. A tractor-drawn boom sprayer with 3 drop nozzles/row was used. Potato leafhopper nymphs, green peach aphid and potato aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot. Counts were made the day before and the day after spraying, except applications intended for Aug 15 were delayed until Aug 16, and for Sep 12 until Sep 15.
Potato Insecticide In-Furrow Application Study, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and assess the effects of in-furrow insecticide applications applied at planting for insect control on potatoes as well as their effect on tuber yields. Potatoes were planted and insecticide treated on Jun 1 ‘77 with the excep-tion of the Dacamox 15G treatments applied Jun 3‘77. Seed pieces (size B) were treated with Agway Potato Seed Treatment 8D @ 1 lb/100 lbs of seed. Bravo 6F fungicide sprays were used starting Jul 17‘77 at 1 qt/acre in weekly sprays applied at 50 GPA at 80 psi with a tractor mounted 20‘ boom sprayer to control disease. A randomized block of two row plots of three replications (plot size 6' x 20') with 36 inch row spacing was used. Sencor herbicide was used preemergence at 1 lb ai/acre with fertility of 1400 lbs 10-10-10/A plus starter fertilizer. Insecticide amounts were individually weighed out for each 40‘ of row and granulars applied by hand as in-furrow treatments over the planted seed pieces prior to hill closing. Liquid formulations were added to quart bottles of water and applied as in-furrow drenches. Insects were sampled on Jul 15‘77 and Oct 27‘77. No foliar phytotoxicity was observed resulting from any of the chemical treatments used in this study.