bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The deposition and significance of an Ediacaran non‐glacial iron formation
Authors: Yang Xiuqing , Mao Jingwen , Li Rongxi , Jiang Zongsheng , Yu Miao , Xu Lingang , Reershemius Tom , Planavsky Noah J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost Neoproterozoic iron formations (NIF) are closely associated with global or near‐global “Snowball Earth” glaciations. Increasingly, however, studies indicate that some NIFs show no robust evidence of glacial association. Many aspects of non‐glacial NIF genesis, including the paleo‐environmental setting, Fe(II) source, and oxidation mechanisms, are poorly understood. Here, we present a detailed case study of the Jiapigou NIF, a major non‐glacial NIF within a Neoproterozoic volcano‐sedimentary sequence in North Qilian, northwestern China. New U–Pb geochronological data place the depositional age of the Jiapigou NIF at ~600 Ma. Petrographic and geochemical evidence supports its identification as a primary chemical sediment with significant detrital input. Major and trace element concentrations, REE + Y systematics, and εNd(t) values indicate that iron was sourced from mixed seawater and hydrothermal fluids. Iron isotopic values (δ56Fe = −0.04‰–1.43‰) are indicative of partial oxidation of an Fe(II) reservoir. We infer that the Jiapigou NIF was deposited in a redox stratified water column, where hydrothermally sourced Fe(II)‐rich fluids underwent oxidation under suboxic conditions. Lastly, the Jiapigou NIF has strong phosphorous enrichments, which in other iron formations are typically interpreted as signals for high marine phosphate concentrations. This suggests that oceanic phosphorus concentrations could have been enriched throughout the Neoproterozoic, as opposed to simply during glacial intervals.
Accuracy, realism and general applicability of European forest models
Authors: Mahnken Mats , Cailleret Maxime , Collalti Alessio , Trotta Carlo , Biondo Corrado , D'Andrea Ettore , Dalmonech Daniela , Marano Gina , Mäkelä Annikki , Minunno Francesco , Peltoniemi Mikko , Trotsiuk Volodymyr , Nadal‐Sala Daniel , Sabaté Santiago , Vallet Patrick , Aussenac Raphaël , Cameron David R. , Bohn Friedrich J. , Grote Rüdiger , Augustynczik Andrey L. D. , Yousefpour Rasoul , Huber Nica , Bugmann Harald , Merganičová Katarina , Merganic Jan , Valent Peter , Lasch‐Born Petra , Hartig Florian , Vega del Valle Iliusi D. , Volkholz Jan , Gutsch Martin , Matteucci Giorgio , Krejza Jan , Ibrom Andreas , Meesenburg Henning , Rötzer Thomas , van der Maaten‐Theunissen Marieke , van der Maaten Ernst , Reyer Christopher P. O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractForest models are instrumental for understanding and projecting the impact of climate change on forests. A considerable number of forest models have been developed in the last decades. However, few systematic and comprehensive model comparisons have been performed in Europe that combine an evaluation of modelled carbon and water fluxes and forest structure. We evaluate 13 widely used, state‐of‐the‐art, stand‐scale forest models against field measurements of forest structure and eddy‐covariance data of carbon and water fluxes over multiple decades across an environmental gradient at nine typical European forest stands. We test the models' performance in three dimensions:accuracy of local predictions(agreement of modelled and observed annual data),realism of environmental responses(agreement of modelled and observed responses of daily gross primary productivity to temperature, radiation and vapour pressure deficit) andgeneral applicability(proportion of European tree species covered). We find that multiple models are available that excel according to our three dimensions of model performance. For the accuracy of local predictions, variables related to forest structure have lower random and systematic errors than annual carbon and water flux variables. Moreover, the multi‐model ensemble mean provided overall more realistic daily productivity responses to environmental drivers across all sites than any single individual model. The general applicability of the models is high, as almost all models are currently able to cover Europe's common tree species. We show that forest models complement each other in their response to environmental drivers and that there are several cases in which individual models outperform the model ensemble. Our framework provides a first step to capturing essential differences between forest models that go beyond the most commonly used accuracy of predictions. Overall, this study provides a point of reference for future model work aimed at predicting climate impacts and supporting climate mitigation and adaptation measures in forests.
Influence of precursor concentration on the densification efficiency and properties of SiC/SiC composites
Authors: Chen Mingwei , Qiu Haipeng , Zhang Qiyue , Ma Xin , Zhang Bingyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe SiC/SiC composites were manufactured by polymer precursor impregnation pyrolysis process with near stoichiometric SiC fiber 2D preform as the reinforcing phase, the mixed solution of polycarbosilane (PCS), and xylene as impregnant. The effects of PCS concentration on the densification process, microstructure, and mechanical behavior of SiC/SiC composites were investigated using mechanical property testing, scanning electron microscopy, and other characterization techniques. Results showed the porosity and flexural strength of SiC/SiC composites increased first and then decreased with the increase of PCS concentration. When the concentration of PCS was 55% and 60%, the flexural strength of SiC/SiC composites reached 565.77 and 573.02 MPa, respectively. The mechanical behavior of SiC/SiC composites presented typical pseudoplastic characteristics such as fiber pulling‐out, fiber bridging, and interface layer peeling, which would meet the dual requirements of optimizing the matrix and interface structure.
Prebiotic potential of enzymatically produced ulvan oligosaccharides using ulvan lyase of Bacillus subtilis, NIOA181, a macroalgae-associated bacteria
Authors: Jagtap Ashok S. , Parab Ashutosh S. , Manohar Cathrine S. , Kadam Nitin S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
To characterize the polysaccharide hydrolyzing potential of macroalgae-associated bacteria (MABs) for the enzymatic production of oligosaccharides and determining their prebiotic potential.

Methods and Results
Approximately 400 MABs were qualitatively characterized for polysaccharide hydrolyzing activity. Only about 5%–15% of the isolates were found to have the potential for producing porphyranase, alginate lyase and ulvan lyase enzymes, which were quantified in specific substrate broths. One potential MAB, Bacillus subtilis, NIOA181, isolated from green macroalgae, showed the highest ulvan lyase activity. This enzyme was partially purified and used to hydrolyse ulvan into ulvan oligosaccharides. Structural characterization of ulvan oligosaccharides showed that they are predominantly composed of di-, tri- and tetrasaccharide units. Results showed that the enzymatically produced ulvan oligosaccharides exhibited prebiotic activity by promoting the growth of probiotic bacteria and suppressing the enteric pathogens, which were higher than the ulvan polysaccharide and equivalent to commercial fructooligosaccharides.

Conclusions
A potential MAB, NIOA181, producing ulvan lyase was isolated and used for the production of ulvan oligosaccharides with prebiotic activity.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Rarely studied ulvan oligosaccharides with prebiotic activity can be widely used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in nutraceutical and other healthcare applications.
Issues affecting mental health at a fly‐in‐fly‐out mine site: A subjective impact ratings approach
Authors: Turner Richard , Rubin Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAround a third of fly‐in fly‐out (FIFO) workers in Australia experience relatively high levels of psychological distress. Although a wide range of associated workplace stressors have been proposed in this context, it is unclear to what extent FIFO workers perceive these stressors as having an impact on their mental health. Identifying the issues that workers perceive as having the greatest impact on their mental health can guide the development of interventions in this area. Thus, this cross‐sectional study sampled 742 FIFO workers from a large mine site in Australia to identify which workplace issues were perceived to have the greatest negative impact on their mental health. Of the 32 issues measured, we found that the top ranked issues related to a lack of control at work, lack of sleep, missing home, and poor physical health. These key issues also predicted poorer recent mental health. Based on these findings, several recommendations are put forward for future on‐site wellness promotion programs, including (a) providing workers with more control and autonomy in their work roles, (b) improving sleep hygiene, (c) facilitating regular communication with family and loved ones, and (d) introducing exercise programs and supporting a healthy diet. This type of proactive consultative approach to mental health issues at FIFO sites cannot only mitigate the increased risk of poor mental health but also foster a more cohesive workplace culture.
I hate you when I am anxious: Anxiety during the COVID‐19 epidemic and ideological hostility
Authors: Balmas Meital , Harel Tal Orian , Halperin Eran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost previous studies that examined the effect of anxiety on hostility towards a distinct group have focused on cases in which we hate those we are afraid of. The current study, on the other hand, examines the relationship between anxiety in one domain and hostility towards a distinct group that is not the source of that anxiety. We focus here on symptoms of anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which have become increasingly frequent, and show that the implications of such mental difficulties are far‐reaching, posing a threat to relationships between ideological groups. In two studies conducted in both Israel and the United States, we found that high levels of anxiety during the COVID‐19 epidemic are associated with higher levels of hatred towards ordinary people from the respective political outgroups, lower levels of willingness to sustain interpersonal relations with these people (i.e., greater social distancing), and greater willingness to socially exclude them. This relationship was mediated by the perception of threat posed by the political outgroup. This study is the first to show that mental difficulty driven by an external threat can be a fundamental factor that explains levels of intergroup hostility.
Singing foreign songs promotes shared common humanity in elementary school children
Authors: Good Arla , Peets Kathleen F. , Choma Becky L. , Russo Frank A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeveral studies support the notion that singing the songs of a foreign culture can reduce prejudice and improve intergroup relations in elementary school children. The current article presents theoretical and empirical support for one potential mechanism underpinning this effect, namely, that singing songs may highlight commonalities and generate a collective identity across intergroup boundaries. Twenty‐nine elementary school children (mean age = 10.73 years) in two predetermined groups participated in a 6‐week, crossover study in which they received two singing interventions: (1) singing songs from their own (ingroup) culture and (2) singing songs from foreign (outgroup) cultures. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses demonstrate that singing foreign songs led to higher levels of perceived commonality toward outgroup others and promoted the adoption of a collective identity. Furthermore, interviews elucidated that singing foreign songs encouraged children to appreciate the unique identity of each culture while acknowledging their shared common humanity, suggesting the cultivation of a dual identity. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Defining smallholders' breeding objectives for common Tigray highland sheep in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Welday Kiflay , Abegaz Solomon , Urge Mengistu , Abebe Ayele , Mezgebe Gebretensae 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA sound breeding objective is a basis for genetic improvement in the overall economic merit of farm animals. This study aimed to define smallholders' sheep breeding objectives using a conjoint‐based choice experiment and bio‐economic model. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed differences (p < 0.001) among the derived weights allocated by farmers to body size, twining rate, mothering ability, libido, tail type, colour and lambing interval which formed the high priority traits. The likelihood values of farmer's top three preferred traits for ram were body size (0.659 ± 0.009), tail type (0.325 ± 0.016) and libido (0.247 ± 0.016) while body size (0.459 ± 0.010), twining rate (0.313 ± 0.010) and mothering ability (0.261 ± 0.010) were more preferred traits for selection of breeding ewes. Conjoint‐based choice experiment and bio‐economic model indicated that live body weight at 6 months of age, twining rate (litter size) and mothering ability (preweaning lamb survival) were the most economically important traits of the breeding ewes. A genetic improvement by one genetic standard deviation (σa) in these traits resulted in a profit of Ethiopian Birr 36.03–60.47/ewe/year. A fair correlation (r = 0.63) was observed between farmers' traits preference (conjoint‐based choice card experiment) and the estimated economic value of traits indicating a good relationship between farmers' preferences for traits and economic values of the traits. This would indicate that weighting traits in selection indexes with farmers' trait selection using a conjoint‐based choice experiment would direct genetic improvement towards desired profitability. Moreover, the fair correspondence between the two methods suggests that bio‐economic modelling, if designed properly considering farmers' concerns, could be used to reflect farmers' breeding objectives. Therefore, for reasonable genetic progress and sheep flock profitability, more attention should be given to litter size, preweaning lamb survival and body weight at 6 months of age as they are preferred by farmers and their economic weights. Further, research on the modalities for complementary use of the two methods to define breeding objectives under smallholder conditions is warranted.
tRNA‐derived fragments in gastric cancer: Biomarkers and functions
Authors: Kohansal Maryam , Ghanbarisad Ali , Tabrizi Reza , Daraei Abdolreza , Kashfi Mojtaba , Tang Hailin , Song Cailu , Chen Yongming 
Published: August 2022

AbstracttRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs), non‐coding RNAs that regulate protein expression after transcription, have recently been identified as potential biomarkers. We identified differentially expressed tRFs in gastric cancer (GC) and the biological properties of tRFs in predicting the malignancy status of GCs as possible biomarkers. Until 15 February 2022, two independent reviewers did a thorough search in electronic databases of Scopus, EMBASE and PubMed. The QUADAS scale was used for quality assessment of the included studies. Ten articles investigating the clinical significance of tRFs, including 928 patients, were analysed. In 10 GC studies, seven tRFs were considerably upregulated and five tRFs were significantly downregulated when compared to controls. Risk of bias was rated low for index test, and flow as well as timing domains in relation to the review question. The applicability of the index test, flow and timing and patient selection for 10 studies was deemed low. In this study, we review the advances in the study of tRFs in GC and describe their functions in gene expression regulation, such as suppression of translation, cell differentiation, proliferation and the related signal transduction pathways associated with them. Our findings may offer researchers new ideas for cancer treatment as well as potential biomarkers for further research in GC.
Use of pulsed electric field to extract rapeseed oil and investigation of the qualitative properties of oils
Authors: Mazroei Seydani Lida , Gharachorloo Maryam , Asadi Gholamhassan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRapeseed is one of the most commercially important oil crops in the world due to its high amount of oil stored in seeds and high nutritional value. In this study, the pulsed electric field (PEF) was used as a nonthermal pretreatment before extraction of rapeseed oil to increase extraction efficiency and improve the quality characteristics of rapeseed oil. Four levels of electric field intensity (0, 1, 4, and 7 kV/cm) with 30 and 80 pulse numbers and pulse width of 20 μs were applied and after treatment the samples were transferred to a cold press machine for oil extraction. Oil extraction efficiency, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, fatty acids profile, oxidative stability, total phenolic content, peroxide, and acid values of extracted oil were determined. The results indicated that an increase in the electric field intensity and pulse number, total phenolic compounds and oxidative stability of rapeseed oil increased compared to the control (p < .05). Treating at 4 kV/cm and 80 pulse numbers was obtained as the highest extraction efficiency (46.11%), while with the further increase of the electric field intensity, the efficiency of the oil extraction process decreased (the extraction efficiency at 7 kV/cm and 80 pulse numbers was 45.94%). The highest phenolic compounds (320.04 ppm) and energy input (31.36 kJ/kg) were related to the intensity of 7 kV/cm and 80 pulse numbers. This study showed that the use of PEF is a suitable method for rapeseed pretreatment with no detrimental effects on extracted rapeseed oil quality.Practical ApplicationsIn recent years, new technologies such as PEF have been used in oil extraction due to their positive effects. The selection of nonthermal technologies to reduce process time, energy consumption, and economic issues as an industrial goal to improve food quality has been considered. The technology proposed in this study shows, that applying PEF for treating the rapeseed before oil extraction should be presented as an appropriate pretreatment in oil extraction industries. The PEF also showed a suitable impact on the quality of the rapeseed characterized.
The role of satellite information in forecasting, modeling, and mapping the 2019 Mozambique flood
Authors: Adler Robert , Gu Guojun , Zhou Naijun , Wu Huan , Matgen Patrick , Galantowicz John , Schumann Guy , Yilmaz Koray K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe application and value of the Global Flood Monitoring System (GFMS) and various remote‐sensing‐based flood products are examined in the context of the severe flood event in Mozambique associated with Cyclone Idai in March 2019. Short‐term forecasts of rainfall and flooding are shown to be useful and validated to some degree by satellite‐based rainfall from the Global Precipitation Monitoring (GPM) Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) product. However, detailed validation of the satellite‐based rainfall for this event is limited and examination of other similar cases indicates a possible underestimate at high rainfall amounts. GFMS inundation based on the IMERG rainfall and models are compared to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and other inundation estimates. Results indicate a generally good correspondence, but with the GFMS calculations underestimating the area of broad flooding, but overestimating in smaller streams. The GFMS underestimation compared to a SAR‐based estimate in one particular area seems related to rainfall underestimation. Similar generally good results were found when comparing the GFMS calculations to the FloodScan passive microwave‐based inundation. The various inundation estimates are available at different latencies and likely have different accuracies, indicating a need for integration of these types of information to provide the user community with the best consolidated information and in a timely manner.
Serum immunoglobulin E and Interleukin‐17 levels in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: A case–control study
Authors: Nassar Amany A. , Bakr Noha M. , Elyousefi Enas H. I. , Elkholy Basma M. , Fawzy Manal M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a skin disorder mainly mediated by T helper (Th)‐1 and Th‐17 cells. Recently, high serum immunoglobulin (Ig)‐E levels were detected in psoriatic patients. The etiopathogenesis of IgE overproduction in psoriatic patients is still unknown, but IL‐17 has been suggested to be responsible for this abnormality.ObjectiveTo compare levels of IgE and IL‐17 in the sera of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (CPP) to healthy subjects.MethodsThis study included 40 patients with CPP and 40 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals. Serum IgE and IL‐17 concentrations were measured using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.ResultsLevels of IgE and IL‐17 were significantly higher in the sera of psoriatic patients than in controls (p = 0.001 and 0.024, respectively). Psoriatic patients with abnormally high serum IgE levels had higher serum IL‐17 levels than those with normal serum IgE levels, but the difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.080). Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between serum IgE and IL‐17 concentrations in psoriatic patients (p = 0.385).ConclusionsIt is possible that IgE and IL‐17 interact in psoriasis pathogenesis; however, this was not evident in the current study, possibly due to the small sample size. Therefore, other potential causes of elevated IgE levels in psoriatic patients should be investigated. Moreover, the interaction between IgE and IL‐17 should be investigated in patients with other clinical variants of psoriasis.
Physical Activity at School Recess: A Key Element in Balancing Social Disparities
Authors: Ariz Usue , Fernández‐Atutxa Ainhoa , Rivas‐Fang Oscar , Ruiz‐Litago Fátima 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSince children are generally not achieving desirable levels of physical activity (PA), schools can provide an opportunity to increase their active time. This study aimed to describe individual‐ and social‐level variables associated with PA at school recess in a culturally diverse primary school.METHODSThis observational cross‐sectional study included 131 children attending primary school. PA data were measured via accelerometry during school recess and analyzed in relation to data on sociodemographics, anthropometrics, and PA outside school. Data were analyzed using generalized linear modeling and logistic regression.FINDINGSGirls were more sedentary and engaged in less moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than boys (p < .001), while older girls were less active than younger girls (p < .001). Also, non‐Caucasian children were less sedentary (p < .001) and engaged in more MVPA (p = .007). Belonging to ethnic minorities was also associated with lower socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and less PA outside of school and on weekends.CONCLUSIONSGirls (especially older girls) and children from lower socioeconomic contexts should be prioritized when promoting PA.IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICYSchool recess can be used as an effective strategy aimed at increasing PA and reducing social inequalities.