bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource use within a multidisciplinary foot team clinic
Authors: Liew Huiling , Bates Maureen , Vas Prashanth , Rashid Hisham , Kavarthapu Venu , Edmonds Michael , Manu Chris 
Published: February 2022

Objective: The establishment of multidisciplinary foot team clinics reduces the risk of amputation, but little is known about its resource requirement. This study evaluates the service's resource use for first visit attendees to an established multidisciplinary foot team clinic. Method: A retrospective evaluation was performed for new referrals to the clinic over six months, including demographics, resource use and clinical outcome. Data were extracted electronically with retrospective review of electronic clinical notes. Results: A total of 240 first visit attendees were analysed. Mean age was 64±15years, 63% were male, 72% had type 2 diabetes, 16% had type 1 diabetes, 15% had a previous amputation, and 40% had a previous ulceration. Common presentations were ulcers (62%), osteomyelitis (11%), Charcot foot (19%), foot ischaemia (17%), post-surgical wounds (13%), and osteomyelitis (11%). At first attendance, 79% of patients required specialist services including diabetologist (45%), joint vascular review (23%), joint orthopaedics services (8%), dermatologist (2%), and orthotics services (1%). A total of 4% of patients had complex debridement, 0.4% total nail excision, 0.8% pus drainage, 3% cast-related procedures, and 1% vacuum-assisted dressing. Of the patients, 4% were admitted to hospital, 38% had vascular duplex investigations, 7% had a deep vein thrombosis scan, 16% had magnetic resonance imagine (MRI), and 5% had a bone scan. Conclusion: A functional multidisciplinary foot team clinic requires significant resources—both clinical and administrative—for prompt investigations and revascularisation to sustain low amputation rates. Regular appraisal of resource use helps with clinic and pathway planning.
The efficacy of sodium hypochlorite antiseptic: a double-blind, randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Serena Thomas E , Serena Laura , Al-Jalodi Omar , Patel Keyur , Breisinger Kristy 
Published: February 2022

Objective: According to a recent clinical trial, 82% of hard-to-heal wounds harbour levels of bacteria that impede healing. A follow-up analysis of trial data revealed that the use of antiseptic cleansers did not correlate with bacterial burden. At a minimum, these findings suggest the need for clinical research into the efficacy of antiseptics in reducing bacterial burden. Evidence supporting the bacterial killing ability of antiseptics is largely derived from preclinical and laboratory studies. Few clinical trials have examined bacterial levels and healing rates in hard-to-heal wounds. Fortunately, the advent of fluorescence imaging to detect bacterial burden has simplified the conduct of clinical research examining the effectiveness of antiseptics in the clinic setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a modified sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution in reducing wound size and bacterial load in hard-to-heal wounds. Method: In this randomised, double-blind pilot study, patients were randomised to one of two groups: daily wound cleansing with either normal saline solution (NSS) or NaOCl. Patients and investigators were blinded to the allocation. All wound types were included. Results: A total of 16 patients consented to participate. At the initial visit, the target ulcer was measured and a fluorescence image to evaluate bacterial load obtained. The wound was then cleansed with either NSS or NaOCl and fluorescence imaging repeated. Patients cleansed the wound daily in accordance with the randomisation schedule. They returned to the clinic weekly for four weeks, and on each visit the wound was measured and a fluorescence image captured. Patients receiving NaOCl had a greater percent reduction in wound area versus NSS; although the first phase of the study was not powered for statistical significance, there was a strong trend favouring NaOCl. In addition, there was greater bacterial reduction in the NaOCl group. Conclusion: Based on the results of this pilot study, enrolment has continued in order to increase the study's power. This pilot study suggests that sodium hypochlorite is efficacious in reducing bacterial burden and promoting healing.
Electrically pumped laser transmitter integrated on thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Renaud Dylan , Cheng Rebecca , Shao Linbo , He Lingyan , Zhu Di , Yu Mengjie , Grant Hannah R. , Johansson Leif , Zhang Mian , Lončar Marko 
Published: February 2022

Integrated thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) photonics has emerged as a promising platform for the realization of high-performance chip-scale optical systems. Of particular importance are TFLN electro-optic modulators featuring high-linearity, low driving voltage and low propagation loss. However, a fully integrated system requires integration of high power, low noise, and narrow linewidth lasers on TFLN chips. Here we achieve this goal, and demonstrate integrated high-power lasers on TFLN platform with up to 60 mW of optical power in the waveguides. We use this platform to realize a high-power transmitter consisting of an electrically pumped laser integrated with a 50 GHz modulator.
Implementation fidelity of tuberculosis preventive therapy for under five children exposed to sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Kaski district, Nepal: An implementation research
Authors: Ghimire Ashmita , Mahendradhata Yodi , Paudel Sagun , Lama Yonzon Chhoden , K. C. Bhuvan , Sharma Sushmita , Utarini Adi 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
In line with the WHO recommendation, Nepal has started implementing Tuberculosis prevention therapy (TBPT) for under five children exposed to Sputum Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis, as one of the strategies for prevention, care and control of TB. Implementation fidelity study is important to assess on what extent preventive program is being implemented. The objective of the study measured the implementation fidelity of TBPT program Kaski district, Nepal.

Methods
We used a mixed-method explanatory sequential design study. Quantitative data were collected through retrospective review of records from April 2018 to May 2019 and level of adherence was established. Moderating factors influencing the implementation of TBPT were TBPT were assessed qualitatively. Sixteen in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion was conducted purposively with responsible stakeholders. The study was guided by the Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity (CFIR) developed by Carroll.

Results
The majority of the components of the TBPT program were found to be implemented with a moderate level of fidelity. The proportion of under five years children initiate and complete the full course of TBPT was 72.5% and 75.86% respectively. The proportion of index cases traced for household contact, contact tracing within two months and timely initiation of therapy within two months were 54.19%, 82.73% and 86.20%. Moderating factors identified in the implementation of the program were contact tracing and enrollment, partnership and ownership, training resources, medication, awareness and information dissemination.

Conclusion
The TBPT program is being moderately implemented in Kaski districts. Addressing the key challenges identified in contact tracing, partnership/ownership, incentives, training and knowledge of health workers results in more identification of children eligible for TBPT.
Risk of Metachronous Colorectal Advanced Neoplasia and Cancer in Patients With 3–4 Nonadvanced Adenomas at Index Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Park Suyeon , Jeon Seong Ran , Kim Hyun Gun , Jung Yunho , Kwak Min-Seob , Kim Su Young , Kim Jong Wook , Nam Seung-Joo , Oh Eun Hye , Park Seon-Young , Park Soo-Kyung , Byeon Jeong-Sik , Boo Sun-Jin , Baek Dong Hoon , Yoon Soon Man , Chun Jaeyoung , Lee Jooyoung , Choi Miyoung 
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION:
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the available evidence on the risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia (AN) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with 3–4 nonadvanced adenomas (NAAs).

METHODS:
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases up to January 2021 for studies evaluating metachronous AN and CRC risk by comparing 3 groups (1–2 vs 3–4 vs ≥5 NAAs) at index colonoscopy. The estimates for risk of metachronous AN and CRC were evaluated using random-effects models.

RESULTS:
Fifteen studies (n = 36,375) were included. The risk of metachronous AN was significantly higher in the 3–4 NAAs group than in the 1–2 NAAs group (relative risk [RR] 1.264, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.053–1.518, P = 0.012; I2 = 0%); there was no difference between the ≥ 5 NAAs and 3–4 NAAs groups (RR 1.962, 95% CI 0.972–3.958, P = 0.060; I2 = 68%). The risks of metachronous CRC between the 1–2 NAAs and 3–4 NAAs groups (RR 2.663, 95% CI 0.391–18.128, P = 0.317; I2 = 0%) or the 3–4 NAAs and ≥ 5 NAAs groups (RR 1.148, 95% CI 0.142–9.290, P = 0.897; I2 = 0%) were not significantly different.

DISCUSSION:
Although the risk of metachronous AN was greater in the 3–4 NAAs group than in the 1–2 NAAs group, the risk of metachronous AN and CRC between the 3–4 NAAs and ≥ 5 NAAs groups was not different. This suggests that further studies on metachronous AN and CRC risk in the 3–4 NAAs group are warranted to confirm a firm ≥5-year interval surveillance colonoscopy.
Effect of Types and Dosages of Foliar Fertilizers on Morphology and Production of Clitoria ternatea
Authors: Sariffudin Apriyani Nur , Umami Nafiatul , Suhartanto Bambang , Suwignyo Bambang , Kustantinah Kustantinah 
Published: February 2022

<p class="16">The aim of this study was to determine effect of types and dose levels of foliar fertilizers on morphology and production of <em>Clitoria ternatea</em>. This study was conducted from September to November 2020 at Forage Research Garden for Animal Feed and Pasture, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Materials used were <em>Clitoria ternatea</em>, liquid organic fertilizer of rabbit and gandasil D fertilizer. This study was designed in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial pattern of 2x4. The fertilizer dosages were: 0,1.5,3.0 and 4.5 g/l/plot. The parameters measured were plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of branches, fresh and dry matter productions. Data were analyzed by the analysis of variance at 5%, with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that types of foliar fertilizers did not affect morphological characteristics and production of<em> Clitoria ternatea</em> (P&gt;0.05), but the fertilizer dosages had significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on morphological characteristics except for leaf area and production of <em>Clitoria ternatea</em>. The higher the dose level of foliar fertilizer the greater the plant height, stem diameter and number of branches. Dosage of 4.5 g/l/plot resulted in the highest plant height, stem diameter and number of branches each 160.02, 1.14 cm and 18.96 branches, respectively. Dosage of4.5 g/l/plot gave the highest fresh and dry matter production of 19.22 and 16.75 tons/ha. It is concluded that increasing the dosage level of foliar fertilizer up to 4.5 g/l/plot resulted in an increased quantity measures of several morphological characteristics and production.</p>
A sharp global estimate and an overdetermined problem for Monge-Ampère type equations
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed , Porru Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider Monge-Ampère type equations involving the gradient that are elliptic in the framework of convex functions. Through suitable symmetrization we find sharp estimates to solutions of such equations. An overdetermined problem related to our Monge-Ampère type operators is also considered and we show that such a problem may admit a solution only when the underlying domain is a ball.
Investigation of the mechanism of a solar flare by means of MHD simulations above the active region in real scale of time: The choice of parameters and the appearance of a flare situation
Authors: Podgorny Alexander Igorevich , Podgorny Igor Maximovich , Borisenko Alexei Vasilevich 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The observed primordial energy release of solar flare in the corona is explained by the mechanism of S. I. Syrovatskii, according to which the flare energy is accumulated in the current sheet. The flare release of the current sheet energy causes the observed manifestations of the flare, which are explained by the electrodynamical model of a solar flare proposed by I. M. Podgorny. According to this model, hard X-ray beam radiation on the solar surface is explained by the acceleration of electrons in field aligned currents caused by the Hall electric field in the current sheet. The study of the flare mechanism is impossible without performing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations above a real active region (AR), in which the calculation begins several days before the appearance of flares. When setting the problem, no assumptions were made about the flare mechanism. An absolutely implicit finite-difference scheme, conservative with respect to the magnetic flux, has been developed, which is implemented in the PERESVET code. MHD simulation in the real scale of time can only be carried out, thanks to parallel computations using compute unified device architecture (CUDA) technology. Methods have been developed that made it possible to stabilize the numerical instability arising near the boundary of the region. Calculation above AR 10365 for low viscosities (

Rm
=
1

0

9

{\rm{Rm}}=1{0}^{9}

,

Re
=
1

0

7

{\rm{Re}}=1{0}^{7}

,

ν

Art Phoosphere

=

ν

Magn Art Phoosphere

=
1

0

−
4

{\nu }_{\text{Art Phoosphere}}={\nu }_{\text{Magn Art Phoosphere}}=1{0}^{-4}

) showed the appearance of a singular X-type line, in the vicinity of which a current sheet with accumulated magnetic energy for a flare can form. Also, by means of MHD simulation the appearance of singular lines above a real AR is shown, in which the magnetic field is a superposition of an X-type field and a diverging magnetic field. In such a superposition of configurations, even if the diverging field predominates, the formation of a current sheet is possible, which can explain the appearance of a flare of not very high power. The coincidence of the position of the source of the flare thermal X-ray radiation with the places of appearance of the current sheets confirms the mechanism of the solar flare, based on the accumulation of energy in the magnetic field of the current sheet.
Microorganism community composition analysis coupling with 15N tracer experiments reveals the nitrification rate and N2O emissions in low pH soils in Southern China
Authors: He Feifei , Yu Haohao , Liu Dandan , Li Zheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nitrification in agricultural soil is an important process for food production. In acidic soil, nitrification is however also considered to be a major source of N2O production. The nitrification rate largely depends on the community composition of ammonia-oxidizing organisms. To obtain a view of the nitrification rates and N2O emission situations in low pH soils in Southern China and understand their relations with the microbial community composition, here we conducted 15N tracer experiments and microorganism community composition analysis using four acidic agricultural soil samples collected in Southern China. A single dominant community (relative abundance >68%) of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea was observed in the soils with pH = 4.81–6.02. A low amount of

NO

3

–

{\text{NO}}_{3}^{\mbox{--}}

was produced from the nitrification in the strongly acidic soil (pH = 4.03), and the calculated nitrification rate in this soil was significantly lower than those of other soils with pH = 4.81–6.02. High N2O emissions but low 15N–N2O emissions were observed in the soil with pH = 4.03. Our results suggest that, under aerobic conditions, soil pH is an important factor affecting nitrification through modifying the microorganism composition.
On Montgomery’s pair correlation conjecture: A tale of three integrals
Authors: Carneiro Emanuel , Chandee Vorrapan , Chirre Andrés , Milinovich Micah B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study three integrals related to the celebrated pair correlation conjecture of H. L. Montgomery. The first is the integral of Montgomery’s function

F
⁢

(
α
,
T
)

{F(\alpha,T)}

in bounded intervals, the second is an integral introduced by Selberg related to estimating the variance of primes in short intervals, and the last is the second moment of the logarithmic derivative of the Riemann zeta-function near the critical line. The conjectured asymptotic for any of these three integrals is equivalent to Montgomery’s pair correlation conjecture. Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we substantially improve the known upper and lower bounds for these integrals by introducing new connections to certain extremal problems in Fourier analysis. In an appendix, we study the intriguing problem of establishing the sharp form of an embedding between two Hilbert spaces of entire functions naturally connected to Montgomery’s pair correlation conjecture.
The meaning-making and semiotic value of Chinese words: a contextual perspective
Authors: Li Jiapan , Meng Kai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
From the contextual perspective of functional linguistics, this paper emphasizes the role of two types of extra-word context – situational context and structural context – in the meaning-making process of Chinese words. We found that if a word is embedded with situational context, such as the X+lǐng (领) category, the meaning-making process of the word needs to force the word-forming components to be semantically transferred in the situational context. If a word is embedded with event context (i.e. special situational context), such as the X+mén (门) category, the meaning-making of the word needs to fill the semantics of the word-forming components in the context of the event. Words rely on structural context to construct meaning. If a word contains an explicit and marked structural context, such as yǒu (有)+N, then the meaning-making of the word is also explicit, and there is no need to assign structural meaning to any one of its components. If a word contains an explicit structural context, with entry-qualified schema, such as X+N

causee
, then the meaning-making of the word is also explicit. However, because of the relative vagueness of the grammatical and semantic nature of the components, the structural meaning tends to be transferred to a certain component, and the construction provides sufficient structural context for its new meaning-making. Based on the above analysis, this article constructs the meaning-making procedure of Chinese words and explores the semiotic values of context dependence, hierarchy, variability, and sociality that Chinese words show in the process of meaning-making.
Study of the reactivity of aminocyanopyrazoles and evaluation of the mitochondrial reductive function of some products
Authors: Bellili Soumaya , Coltman Nicholas J. , Hodges Nikolas J. , Allouche Fatma 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This research investigated the general high-throughput synthetic protocol for the accelerated synthesis of functionalized trifluoromethylpyrazolopyrimidines
3
and N-(5-cyano-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) benzamide
4
from aminocyanopyrazole
1
precursors. The action of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) with aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines
2
was found to produce triazolopyrimidinones
5
. The MTT test that quantifies mitochondrial reductive function demonstrated that in both cell lines tested (PE/CA-PJ41 and HePG2 cells), the benzamide compounds
4
are moderately toxic with PE/CA-PJ41 cells and more sensitive than HePG2 cells.
On the Optimization of the Microstructure in Powder Metallurgical Ag–SnO2–In2O3 Contact Materials
Authors: Heringhaus Frank , Beuers Jörg , Braumann Peter , Kempf Bernd , Koffler Andreas , Susnik Ervin , Wolmer Roger 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Since their introduction, contact materials based on Ag– SnO2 have been significantly improved with respect to their applicability and their performance. Only recently, however, have the manufacturers embarked upon optimizing the microstructure of these materials, e. g., determining the optimal particle size, improving homogeneity, or tailoring of the phase arrangement, rather than solely modifying the material’s composition. The intent of this paper is to describe a process for the production of composite powders for electric contacts, the versatility of which allows the modification of all three parameters: particle size, homogeneity, and phase arrangement. Results are presented on a new generation of Ag–SnO2–In2O3 contact materials that were manufactured with this process.
Methods for Characterising the Precipitation of Nanometer-Sized Secondary Hardening Carbides and Related Effects in Tool Steels
Authors: Ebner Reinhold , Leitner Harald , Caliskanoglu Devrim , Marsoner Stefan , Jeglitsch Franz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNanometer-sized secondary hardening carbides are the most relevant microstructural constituents regarding the properties of tool steels. Due to their extreme fineness, direct inspection by microscopy is difficult and time consuming despite the progress recently achieved, e. g. by energy filtering transmission electron microscopy. Indirect methods are therefore additionally employed to obtain more detailed information on the processes taking place. Differential scanning calorimetry and in-situ hot hardness testing are demonstrated as powerful methods for the determination of kinetic data. In combination with results from a recently developed tensile specimen and test procedure for hard materials with low ductility, more detailed conclusions can be drawn on the effects of secondary hardening carbides on the strength and the thermal stability.
Novel in situ-Infiltrated Al2O3-Metal Composites
Authors: Claussen N. , Schneider G. A. , Travitzky N. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Al2O3–TiAl and Al2O3-containing refractory Ni- and Fealloy composites have been fabricated by reactive in situ infiltration of TiO2 and metal oxide/metal compacts loaded with large-sized (> 5 lm) Al particles. When the compacts were heated to ignition temperature (∼ 900 °C) under pressure, thermal explosion with temperatures > 2000 °C took place leading to fully dense composites. These were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Fracture strengths and toughnesses of 47 vol.% Al2O3–TiAl were 650 MPa and 6.4 MPapm, of 26 vol.% Al2O3-containing Fe-based alloys were 1100 MPa and 18 MPapm, and those of 12 vol.% Al2O3-containing Ni-base alloys were 1450 MPa and 23 MPapm, respectively.