bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross modality fusion for modality-specific lung tumor segmentation in PET-CT images
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Bin , Deng Shengming , Meng Qingquan , Chen Xinjian , Xiang Dehui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) images have been widely used, it is still challenging to accurately segment the lung tumor. The respiration, movement and imaging modality lead to large modality discrepancy of the lung tumors between PET images and CT images. To overcome these difficulties, a novel network is designed to simultaneously obtain the corresponding lung tumors of PET images and CT images. The proposed network can fuse the complementary information and preserve modality-specific features of PET images and CT images. Due to the complementarity between PET images and CT images, the two modality images should be fused for automatic lung tumor segmentation. Therefore, cross modality decoding blocks are designed to extract modality-specific features of PET images and CT images with the constraints of the other modality. The edge consistency loss is also designed to solve the problem of blurred boundaries of PET images and CT images. The proposed method is tested on 126 PET-CT images with non-small cell lung cancer, and Dice similarity coefficient scores of lung tumor segmentation reach 75.66 ± 19.42 in CT images and 79.85 ± 16.76 in PET images, respectively. Extensive comparisons with state-of-the-art lung tumor segmentation methods have also been performed to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed network.
Semi-supervised deep networks for plasma state identification
Authors: Zorek Matěj , Škvára Vít , Šmídl Václav , Pevný Tomáš , Seidl Jakub , Grover Ondřej 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Correct and timely detection of plasma confinement regimes and edge localized modes (ELMs) is important for improving the operation of tokamaks. Existing machine learning approaches detect these regimes as a form of post-processing of experimental data. Moreover, they are typically trained on a large dataset of tens of labeled discharges, which may be costly to build. We investigate the ability of current machine learning approaches to detect the confinement regime and ELMs with the smallest possible delay after the latest measurement. We also demonstrate that including unlabeled data into the training process can improve the results in a situation where only a limited set of reliable labels is available. All training and validation is performed on data from the COMPASS tokamak. The InceptionTime architecture trained using a semi-supervised approach was found to be the most accurate method based on the set of tested variants. It is able to achieve good overall accuracy of the regime classification at the time instant of 100 µs delayed behind the latest data record. We also evaluate the capability of the model to correctly predict class transitions. While ELM occurrence can be detected with a tolerance smaller than 50 µs, detection of the confinement regime transition is more demanding and it was successful with 2 ms tolerance. Sensitivity studies to different values of model parameters are provided. We believe that the achieved accuracy is acceptable in practice and the method could be used in real-time operation.
Current quench and vessel currents characterisation at the COMPASS tokamak
Authors: Matveeva E , Havlicek J , Artola F J , Yanovskiy V , Havranek A , Adamek J , Gerardin J , Imrisek M , Loarte A , Ficker O , Hronova O , Weinzettl V , Panek R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The characterisation of plasma current quench and understanding of its underlying physical processes play a crucial role when designing large fusion devices such as ITER. For the first time, an extensive analysis of the COMPASS tokamak disruption database is presented. A unique set of magnetic diagnostics allows the investigation of local toroidal and poloidal vessel currents, including currents flowing along the open magnetic field lines from the plasma to the vacuum vessel (VV) (i.e., halo currents). Area-normalised current quench times are in agreement with the ITPA 1.67 ms m−2 lower limit. Extremely fast I

p
quench rates of up to 0.6 MA ms−1 are observed during runaway electron campaigns at COMPASS, which are under the ITPA lower limit. Vertical movement of the plasma column is accelerated by the I

p
quench during major disruptions. Toroidal vessel currents of around 2% – 4% of the predisruptive plasma current

I

p

d
i
s
r

are observed during I

p
quench. Net poloidal eddy currents are obtained by Mirnov coils and diamagnetic loop, reaching 3% of

I

p

d
i
s
r

. Using the Mirnov coils it is shown that the halo current magnitude grows and its poloidal profile broadens with increasing plasma current I

p
. Geometric features of the VV structure and in-vessel component positions on the poloidal vessel current measurements are discussed.
The role of the particle aspect ratio in the discharge of a narrow silo
Authors: Pongó Tivadar , Fan Bo , Hernández-Delfin Dariel , Török János , Stannarius Ralf , Hidalgo Raúl Cruz , Börzsönyi Tamás 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The time evolution of silo discharge is investigated for different granular materials made of spherical or elongated grains in laboratory experiments and with discrete element model (DEM) calculations. For spherical grains, we confirm the widely known typical behavior with constant discharge rate (except for initial and final transients). For elongated particles with aspect ratios between 2 ⩽ L/d ⩽ 6.1, we find a peculiar flow rate increase for larger orifices before the end of the discharge process. While the flow field is practically homogeneous for spherical grains, it has strong gradients for elongated particles with a fast-flowing region in the middle of the silo surrounded by a stagnant zone. For large enough orifice sizes, the flow rate increase is connected with a suppression of the stagnant zone, resulting in an increase in both the packing fraction and flow velocity near the silo outlet within a certain parameter range.
Quantum interference of electrons through electric-field-induced edge states in stacked graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Nguyen Mai-Chung , Nguyen Huy-Viet 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, we investigate, by means of numerical simulations, the quantum interference of electrons in stacked graphene structures consisting of two unequal width, armchair-edged graphene nanoribbons. Electronic states residing near the edges of the system are induced when an external electric field is applied normal to the ribbons. By reversing the direction of electric field in the central region, one can create an electronic analogue of the optical Fabry-Pérot (FP) interferometer. Electronic junctions formed at the boundaries between the central region and the left and right ones in the former play the role of the partially reflected mirrors in the latter. The observed conductance oscillations demonstrate that electrons in the edge states transporting through the system experience quantum interference similar to that of light waves passing through an optical FP interferometer. Moreover, electronic states formed at the junctions enhance inter-edge scattering which affects electron transmission significantly. The possibility to control electron transport via electric gates is also considered.
Enhancement of structural, linear and non-linear optical properties of Ti1−xCa2xO2 solid solutions
Authors: Ezairi Sara , Elouafi Assaad , Lmai Fatima , Tizliouine Abdesslam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Structural and morphological analyses of the Ti1−xCa2xO2 solid solutions and their complete linear and non-linear optical properties were investigated. Ti1−xCa2xO2 (0≤ x ≤0.5) powders were successfully synthesized via solid-state reaction route. The XRD patterns confirmed that the pure and doped samples exhibited anatase TiO2 phase. The crystallite size of TiO2 decreased to 82 nm after Ca doping. Furthermore, the dislocation density and lattice deformation are increased with increasing calcium concentration. SEM analysis revealed that Ti1−xCa2xO2 (0≤ x ≤0.5) powders have a granular structure and with doping, atom aggregations take on softer shapes. Energy dispersive x-ray Analysis (EDX) showed the appropriate composition for the ions depicted in the structure. Using spectrophotometric data, linear and non-linear optical parameters were obtained and associated with the Ca content. The band gap of TiO2 has shifted from 3.11 to 2.8 eV with dopant concentration. As the percentage of Ca increased, the dielectric constant and optical conductivity also increased. The dispersion energy, plasma frequency, non-linear refractive index and Sellmeier’s parameters were also calculated and discussed with respect to Ca doping. The optical results obtained revealed the potential of the Ti1−xCa2xO2 (0≤ x ≤0.5) samples for optical and optoelectronic applications.
Towards 1% accurate galaxy cluster masses: including baryons in weak-lensing mass inference
Authors: Cromer Dylan , Battaglia Nicholas , Miyatake Hironao , Simet Melanie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Galaxy clusters are a promising probe of late-time structure growth, but constraints on cosmology from cluster abundances are currently limited by systematics in their inferred masses. One unmitigated systematic effect in weak-lensing mass inference is ignoring the presence of baryons and treating the entire cluster as a dark matter halo. In this work we present a new flexible model for cluster densities that captures both the baryonic and dark matter profiles, a new general technique for calculating the lensing signal of an arbitrary density profile, and a methodology for stacking those lensing signal to appropriately model stacked weak-lensing measurements of galaxy cluster catalogues. We test this model on 1400 simulated clusters. Similarly to previous studies, we find that a dark matter-only model overestimates the average mass by 7.5%, but including our baryonic term reduces that to 0.7%. Since two more variables are marginalized over when we include our baryonic term the posteriors on the cluster mass calibration are larger than the dark matter-only model. Additionally, to mitigate the computational complexity of our model, we construct an emulator (surrogate model) which accurately interpolates our model for parameter inference, while being much faster to use than the raw model. We also provide an open-source software framework for our model and emulator, called maszcal, which will serve as a platform for continued efforts to improve these mass-calibration techniques. In this work, we detail our model, the construction of the emulator, and the tests which we used to validate that our model does mitigate bias. Lastly, we describe tests of the emulator's accuracy.
Upper limits on the dark matter content in globular clusters
Authors: Reynoso-Cordova Javier , Regis Marco , Taoso Marco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present a systematic analysis on the possible presence of dark mass components inside globular clusters (GCs). A spherical Jeans analysis is applied to the stellar kinematics of 10 nearby GCs. On top of the mass distribution provided by the luminous stellar component, we add either dark matter (DM), described by an NFW or Burkert mass profile, or an intermediate mass black-hole (IMBH), described by a point-like mass. Their existence would have important implications in the context of indirect DM searches. After profiling over the stellar parameters, we find no evidence neither for DM nor for IMBH. Upper limits on the two components are reported.
Model-based Performance Characterization of Software Correlators for Radio Interferometer Arrays
Authors: Vázquez A. J. , Elosegui P. , Lonsdale C. J. , Crew G. B. , Fish V. L. , Ruszczyk C. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Correlation for radio interferometer array applications, including Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), is a multidisciplinary field that traditionally involves astronomy, geodesy, signal processing, and electronic design. In recent years, however, high-performance computing has been taking over electronic design, complicating this mix with the addition of network engineering, parallel programming, and resource scheduling, among others. High-performance applications go a step further by using specialized hardware like Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), challenging engineers to build and maintain high-performance correlators that efficiently use the available resources. Existing literature has generally benchmarked correlators through narrow comparisons on specific scenarios, and the lack of a formal performance characterization prevents a systematic comparison. This combination of ongoing increasing complexity in software correlation together with the lack of performance models in the literature motivates the development of a performance model that allows us not only to characterize existing correlators and predict their performance in different scenarios but, more importantly, to provide an understanding of the trade-offs inherent to the decisions associated with their design. In this paper, we present a model that achieves both objectives. We validate this model against benchmarking results in the literature, and provide an example for its application for improving cost-effectiveness in the usage of cloud resources.
Rogue Planets and Brown Dwarfs: Predicting the Populations Free-floating Planetary Mass Objects Observable with JWST
Authors: Scholz Aleks , Muzic Koraljka , Jayawardhana Ray , Quinlan Lyra , Wurster James 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Free-floating (or rogue) planets are planets that are liberated (or ejected) from their host systems. Although simulations predict their existence in substantial numbers, direct observational evidence for free-floating planets with masses below ∼5 M
Jup is still lacking. Several cycle-1 observing programs with JWST aim to hunt for them in four different star-forming clusters. These surveys are designed to be sensitive to masses of 1–15 M
Jup (assuming a hot-start formation), which corresponds to spectral types of early L to late T for the ages of these clusters. If the existing simulations are not wide off the mark, we show here that the planned programs are likely to find up to 10–20 giant rogue planets in moderate density clusters like NGC1333 or IC348, and several dozen to ∼100 in high-density regions like NGC2024 and the Orion Nebula Cluster. These numbers correspond to 1%–5% of the total cluster population; they could be substantially higher if stars form multiple giant planets at birth. In contrast, the number of free-floating brown dwarfs, formed from core collapse (like stars) is expected to be significantly lower, only about 0.25% of the number of stars, or 1–7 for the clusters considered here. Below 10 M
Jup that number drops further by an order of magnitude. We also show that the planned surveys are not at risk of being significantly contaminated by field brown dwarfs in the foreground or background, after spectroscopic confirmation. Taken together, our results imply that if a population of L and T dwarfs were to be found in these JWST surveys, it is expected to be predominantly made up of rogue planets.
Stellar Structure Model in the Post-Newtonian Approximation
Authors: Kremer Gilberto M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work the influence of the post-Newtonian corrections to the equations of stellar structure are analyzed. The post-Newtonian Lane–Emden equation follows from the corresponding momentum density balance equation. From a polytropic equation of state the solutions of the Lane–Emden equations in the Newtonian and post-Newtonian theories are determined and the physical quantities for the Sun, the white dwarf Sirius B and neutron stars with masses M ≃ 1.4 M
⊙, 1.8 M
⊙ and 2.0 M
⊙ are calculated. It is shown that the post-Newtonian corrections to the fields of mass density, pressure and temperature are negligible for the Sun and Sirius B, but for stars with strong fields the differences become important. For the neutron stars analyzed here the central pressure and the central temperature which follow from the post-Newtonian Lane–Emden equation are about fifty to sixty percent greater than those of the Newtonian theory and the central mass density is about three to four percent smaller.
Edge even and edge odd graceful labelings of Paley Graphs
Authors: Kamaraj T , Thangakani J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Edge even graceful labeling is a novel graceful labelling, introduced in 2017 by Elsonbaty and Daoud. A graph G with p vertices and q edges is called an edge even graceful if there is a bijection f: E(G) → {2, 4,. . ., 2q} such that, when each vertex is assigned the sum of the labels of all edges incident to it mod 2k, where k = max (p, q), the resulting vertex labels are distinct. A labeling of G is called edge odd graceful labeling, if there exists a bijection f from the set of edges E(G) to the set {1,3,5,…,2q-1} such that the induced the map f* from the set of vertices V(G) to {0,1,2,.,.,2q-1} given by f*(u) = Σ
uv∈E(G)
f(uv) (mod 2q) is an injection. A graph which admits edge even (odd) graceful labeling is called an edge even (odd) graceful graph. Paley graphs are dense undirected graphs raised from the vertices as elements of an appropriate finite field by joining pairs of vertices that differ by a quadratic residue. In this paper, we study the construction of edge even (odd) graceful labeling for Paley graphs and prove that Paley graphs of prime order are edge even (odd) graceful.
The Effect of NaOH and LaCoO3 Perovskite on HHO Gas Production Rate
Authors: Mustaqim I Z , Maulana D W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Utilization of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, require a technology to store energy since production and consumption energy isn’t always at the same time. Hydrogen appears as an alternative solution to store energy since it has high energy density and can be easily obtained from water by electrolysis reaction. Electrolysis produces hydrogen and oxygen gas and when it combines forming HHO gas. There are many factors that can influence HHO gas production, such as electrolyte concentration and utilization of catalyst. In this research, we observed the effect of NaOH electrolyte concentration and catalyst LaCoO3 concentration toward production of HHO gas. Catalyst LaCoO3 is synthesized by sol-gel method with calcination over 900°C, however particle of LaCoO3 that formed still submicron-sized. To obtain catalyst LaCoO3 that disperse in electrolyte suspension, it is treated by beads milling process to minimize the size of particle. Experiment result showed that increasing NaOH electrolyte concentration will affect to increment of HHO gas production. The most optimal HHO gas production from all variation of catalyst LaCoO3 is when using 3 M of NaOH electrolyte concentration. However, addition of catalyst LaCoO3 in suspension electrolyte will drop HHO gas production.
Fatigue Failure Analysis of Shaft in As-developed Wind Turbine with Reinforced-welding Elbow
Authors: Daging I Ketut , Basino  , Sukismo Hendro , Wardana Iwan G. , Siahaan Juniawan Preston 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper reports the fatigue analysis for a failure of a shaft in a wind turbine in which reinforced-welding elbow to support the shaft load. The shaft was broken near the reinforcing elbow. When designing mechanical and structural components, the diameter and the characteristics of materials have been considered not to exceed the permissible limit. However, after 40 days of the cycle operation, the shaft was broken at the accepted loading conditions within reasonable limits at a wind speed of 6-10 m/s. The crack initiate fatigue in the shaft is influenced by many variables that may due to uniaxial, bending, torsion, the shape of loading curve, part size, part finish, operating temperature, and atmosphere. For these reasons, it is important to investigate the fatigue behavior on the failure of the shaft. The main goal is to investigate and analyze the fatigue behavior on a broken shaft of the wind turbine gearbox to determine the features that cause the failure. A microscopic investigation of the fatigue-fracture surface was done. The microscopic analysis was carried out in terms of the chemical composition using ARL Spark Spectrometer, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the morphology of the fatigue by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hardness test. Moreover, a theoretical analysis was made to illustrate the results and comparison between these results and the corresponding stress distribution data from a finite element method (FEM) simulation to know how the fatigue fracture began and propagated along the shaft. The result of the analysis shows that the fatigue occurred due to the unbalanced of the bending and torsion stress in the junction of the reinforced-welding elbow with hardness testing at the extreme cracking area is 435 HV. It is emphasized that the microstructure of fatigue surface structure shows sensitization to facilitate intergranular cracking and fatigue corrosion.
Studies of Encapsulation Efficiency and Swelling Behavior of Riboflavin Encapsulated by Alginate and Chitosan
Authors: Anjari Haidar Mutaz , Sarjono Immanuel Jeremia , Danarto YC. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, has an important function to human tissue development and energy metabolism. Riboflavin is sensitive and unstable to external influences such as light and reducing agents. In addition, most of the absorption of nutrients occurs in the intestines so the release of riboflavin in gastric need to be avoided. To overcome this problem, riboflavin was microencapsulated with sodium alginate and chitosan polymer using ionic gelation emulsification method. The purpose of this research was to study the microencapsulation itself, and also to study the effect of the riboflavin composition used upon the encapsulation efficiency and the effect of pH medium on microcapsules swelling behavior. In this research, microcapsule characterization was also carried out using FTIR and SEM. The FTIR result shows that there are crosslinking which indicated by functional groups changes between the samples during the formation of microcapsules. The SEM result show that the dried microcapsule has rougher and wrinkled surface. In efficiency encapsulation study, microencapsulation was carried out by varying the composition of riboflavin, that is 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 mg. Optimal encapsulation efficiency was obtained at 125 mg with an efficiency encapsulation of 51.56%. The microcapsules sample were also tested for their swelling ability by putting the microcapsules into the solution with various pH ranging from 1.2, 2.5, 4.1, 5.2, 6.8 and 8. The swelling test results showed that the characteristics of microcapsules were suitable for the human digestive system because the higher the pH of the medium, then the higher the microcapsules swelling ability.