bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and XFEM Simulation Research on HTPB Propellant Precracks Based on Microscopic Observation and DIC
Authors: Gao Bo , Li Zhuo , Ji Yongchao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this research, penetrating cracks with different angles were prefabricated on viscoelastic propellant material specimens. Tensile tests were carried out on a universal testing machine, microscopic observations were performed, and strain fields on specimen surface and around the crack were obtained based on digital image correlation (DIC) method. The crack propagation law of pre‐cracked specimens within 30 % strain has been studied. Microscopic images (50x magnification) of stretching process were recorded. Stress‐strain curves and tensile microscopic images of different prefabricated crack angles were obtained, finite element simulations of tensile tests were carried out by finite element method, and experimental and simulation results were compared. It was concluded that the crack propagation process of hydroxy‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant could be mainly divided into three stages, namely linear, nonlinear and failure stages. DIC analysis method quantitatively determined strain field on specimen surface and intuitively showed the variation law of strain field. The feasibility of XFEM method for crack propagation in propellant materials was verified.
Recent developments in SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines: A systematic review of the current studies
Authors: Sadeghalvad Mona , Mansourabadi Amir Hossein , Noori Maryam , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Masoomikarimi Masoomeh , Alimohammadi Masoumeh , Rezaei Nima 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDesigning and manufacturing efficient vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a major objective. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the most important vaccines under construction worldwide, their efficiencies and clinical results in healthy individuals and in those with specific underlying diseases. We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Sciences by 1 December 2021 to identify published research studies. The inclusion criteria were publications that evaluated the immune responses and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines in healthy individuals and in those with pre‐existing diseases. We also searched the VAERS database to estimate the incidence of adverse events of special interest (AESI) post COVID‐19 vaccination. Almost all investigated vaccines were well tolerated and developed good levels of both humoural and cellular responses. A protective and efficient humoural immune response develops after the second or third dose of vaccine and a longer interval (about 28 days) between the first and second injections of vaccine could induce higher antibody responses. The vaccines were less immunogenic in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with haematological malignancies. In addition, we found that venous and arterial thrombotic events, Bell's palsy, and myocarditis/pericarditis were the most common AESI. The results showed the potency of the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines to protect subjects against disease. The provision of further effective and safe vaccines is necessary in order to reach a high coverage of immunisation programs across the globe and to provide protection against infection itself.
Factor analysis of mixed data for anomaly detection
Authors: Davidow Matthew , Matteson David S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnomaly detection aims to identify observations that deviate from the typical pattern of data. Anomalous observations may correspond to financial fraud, health risks, or incorrectly measured data in practice. We focus on unsupervised detection and the continuous and categorical (mixed) variable case. We show that detecting anomalies in mixed data is enhanced through first embedding the data then assessing an anomaly scoring scheme. We propose a kurtosis‐weighted Factor Analysis of Mixed Data for anomaly detection to obtain a continuous embedding for anomaly scoring. We illustrate that anomalies are highly separable in the first and last few ordered dimensions of this space, and test various anomaly scoring experiments within this subspace. Results are illustrated for both simulated and real datasets, and the proposed approach is highly accurate for mixed data throughout these diverse scenarios.
Improved Renal Function in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patients
Authors: Yasuda Ken-ichi , Nobeyama Yoshimasa , Asahina Akihiko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), or von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant disease that presents with various symptoms, including café-au-lait spots and neurofibromas. NF1 patients occasionally suffer from renal artery vasculopathy, which impairs renal function, while results of a previous report suggested that male NF1 patients have a low creatinine level in peripheral blood. The assessment of renal function in NF1 patients remains inadequate. In this study, renal function in NF1 was assessed. We recruited 308 patients consisting of 149 NF1 patients (77 males and 72 females) and 159 control patients (102 males and 57 females). Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and haemoglobin A1c in peripheral blood as well as protein, occult blood and sugar in urine were examined. In addition, the estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated. The mean age and body mass index did not differ significantly between the NF1 patients and controls for both sexes. For both sexes, i) the mean creatinine value was significantly lower in the NF1 patients than in the controls; ii) the mean blood urea nitrogen value did not differ significantly between the NF1 patients and controls; iii) the mean blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio was significantly higher in the NF1 patients than in the controls; iv) the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly higher in the NF1 patients than in the controls; and v) the mean haemoglobin A1c value was significantly lower in the NF1 patients than in the controls. In conclusion, NF1 patients may have improved renal function. The clinical significances should be further examined.
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging for Multiple Biomarkers by Serial Collapse of Targeting Microbubbles with Distinct Acoustic Pressures
Authors: Li Zhenzhou , Lai Manlin , Zhao Shuai , Zhou Yi , Luo Jingna , Hao Yongsheng , Xie Liting , Wang Yaru , Yan Fei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUltrasound molecular imaging (UMI) has shown promise for assessing the expression levels of biomarkers for the early detection of various diseases. However, it remains difficult to simultaneously image multiple biomarkers in a single systemic administration, which is important for the accurate diagnosis of diseases and for understanding the dynamic intermolecular mechanisms that drive their malignant progression. The authors develop an ultrasound molecular imaging method by serial collapse of targeting microbubbles with distinct acoustic pressures for the simultaneous detection of two biomarkers. To test this, αvβ3‐targeting lipid microbubbles (L‐MBα) and VEGFR2‐targeting lipid‐PLGA microbubbles (LP‐MBv) are fabricated and simultaneously injected into tumor‐bearing mice at 7 and 14 days, followed by the low‐intensity acoustic collapse of L‐MBα and high‐intensity acoustic collapse of LP‐MBv. The UMI signals of L‐MBα and LP‐MBv are obtained by subtracting the first post‐burst signals from the first pre‐burst signals, and subtracting the second post‐burst signals from the first post‐burst signals, respectively. Interestingly, the signal intensities from UMI agree with the immunohistochemical staining results for αvβ3 and VEGFR2. Importantly, they find a better fit for the invasive behavior of MDA‐MB‐231 breast tumors by analyzing the ratio of αvβ3 integrin to VEGFR2, but not the single αvβ3 or VEGFR2 levels.
Investigation of Ordering on Oxygen‐Deficient LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4‐δ Thin Films for Boosting Electrochemical Performance in All‐Solid‐State Thin‐Film Batteries
Authors: Kim Jong Heon , Jung Ji‐Won , Cho Su‐Ho , Kim Il‐Doo , Park Yun Chang , Seo Dong‐Hwa , Kim Hyun‐Suk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAll‐solid‐state thin‐film batteries (ASSTFBs) are promising next‐generation battery systems, but critical challenges such as low‐energy‐density remain. The low‐energy‐density might persist with low‐voltage cathode material; hence, high‐voltage cathode material development is required. While LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNM) has been considered a promising high‐voltage cathode material. This study investigates the electrochemical properties of LNM thin films based on the correlation between the ordering of cations (Ni and Mn) and oxygen vacancies (VO). The authors find that the cations’ order changes from a disordered structure to an ordered structure with an increased oxygen flow rate during deposition. The optimized LNM fabricated using a 60:40 ratio of Ar to O2 exhibits the highest rate capability (321.4 mAh cm−3 @ 20 C) and most prolonged cycle performance for 500 cycles. The role of VO within the LNM structure and the lower activation energy of ordered LNM compared to disordered LNM through first‐principles density functional theory calculations is elucidated. The superior electrochemical performance (276.9 mAh cm−3 @ 0.5 C) and high cyclic performance (at 93.9%, 500 cycles) are corroborated by demonstrating flexible ASSTFB cells using LiPON solid‐state electrolyte and thin‐film Li anode. This work paves the way for future research on the fabrication of high‐performance flexible ASSTFBs.
Modulation of Solvation Structure and Electrode Work Function by an Ultrathin Layer of Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity in Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Heo Jiyun , Hwang Young‐Eun , Doo Gisu , Jung Jinkwan , Shin Kyungjae , Koh Dong‐Yeun , Kim Hee‐Tak 
Published: May 2022

AbstractZinc ion batteries are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems. However, they suffer from the critical problems of insufficient cycling stability due to internal short‐circuiting by zinc dendrites and zinc metal orphaning. In this work, a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1) is reported as an ion regulating layer and an interface modulator, which promotes a uniform Zn plating and stripping process. According to spectroscopic analyses and computational calculations, PIM‐1 enhances the reaction kinetics of a Zn metal electrode by altering the solvation structure of Zn2+ ions and increasing the work function of the Zn surface. As a result, the PIM‐1 coating significantly improves the cyclability (1700 h at 0.5 mA cm−2) and Coulombic efficiency (99.6% at 3 mA cm−2) of the Zn/Zn2+ redox reaction. Moreover, the PIM‐1 coated Zn operates for more than 200 h at 70% Zn utilization even under 10 mA cm−2 and 110 h at 95% Zn utilization of the Zn metal electrode. A Zn||V2O5 full cell employing the PIM‐1 layer exhibits seven times longer cycle life compared to the cell using bare Zn. The findings in this report demonstrate the potential of microporous materials as a key ingredient in the design of reversible Zn electrodes.
Galvanic‐Cell Deposition Enables the Exposure of Bismuth Grain Boundary for Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Chen Jialei , Chen Shan , Li Youzeng , Liao Xuelong , Zhao Tete , Cheng Fangyi , Wang Huan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetallic bismuth (Bi) holds great promise in efficient conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into formate, yet the complicated synthetic routes and unobtrusive performance hinder the practical application. Herein, a facile galvanic‐cell deposition method is proposed for the rapid and one‐step synthesis of Bi nanodendrites. Compared to the traditional deposition method, it is found that the special galvanic‐cell configuration can promote the exposure of low‐angle grain boundaries. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations indicate the electronical structures can be greatly tailored by the grain boundaries, which can facilitate the CO2 adsorption and intermediate formation. Consequently, the grain boundary‐enriched Bi nanodendrites exhibit a high selectivity toward formate with an impressively high production rate of 557.2 µmol h‐1 cm‐2 at −0.94 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which outperforms most of the state‐of‐the‐art Bi‐based electrocatalysts with longer synthesis time. This work provides a straightforward method for rapidly fabricating active Bi electrocatalysts, and explicitly reveals the critical effect of grain boundary in Bi nanostructures on CO2 reduction.
Khaya revisited: Genetic markers and morphological analysis reveal six species in the widespread taxon K. anthotheca
Authors: Bouka Gaël U.D. , Doumenge Charles , Ekué Marius R.M. , Daïnou Kasso , Florence Jacques , Degen Bernd , Loumeto Jean Joël , McKey Doyle , Hardy Olivier J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKhaya (Meliaceae) is a widespread genus of trees distributed from the tropical forests of Africa to Madagascar and the Comoros. Khaya species are very close morphologically and some contain considerable phenotypic and ecological diversity, raising the question of their delimitation: this is the case of Khaya anthotheca s.l. (sensu lato, including K. nyasica), which is often lumped with K. grandifoliola and K. ivorensis. We tested species delimitation within K. anthotheca by combining population‐genetic and morphological data. First, a visual inspection of over a thousand specimens suggested the existence of five morphogroups. Second, after genotyping 498 samples at 71 nuclear SNPs, Bayesian clustering analyses (STRUCTURE) first identified five genetic clusters (K1–K5), while further analyses subdivided K5 into two clusters. The six genetic clusters obtained are distributed in parapatry or allopatry from West Africa to East Africa, except for cluster K4, which is in sympatry with K3 in Central Africa. The partitioning of genetic clusters is also largely congruent with the morphogroups identified. The morphological differentiation of these clusters was confirmed by statistical analyses of 27 leaf characters. The clear‐cut genetic differentiation between clusters, with few admixed genotypes even in contact zones, argues for the recognition of distinct species following the biological species concept. Our analyses highlight that the current taxonomic treatment of Khaya underestimates by one‐half the total number of species. We identify two new species, circumscribe K. anthotheca and support the rehabilitation at the rank of species of three taxa considered to be synonyms of K. anthotheca (K. agboensis, K. euryphylla, K. nyasica). These results illustrate the strength of combining population‐genetic and morphological data to delineate an African rainforest tree species complex.
A cohort study of the impact of COVID‐19 on the quality of life of people newly diagnosed with dementia and their family carers
Authors: Hicks Ben , Read Sanna , Hu Bo , Wittenberg Raphael , Grahamslaw Amanda , Karim Anomita , Martin Evelyn , Nuzum Eleanor , Reichental Jacob , Russell Alice , Siddle Elaine , Storey Bryony , Tipping Eva , Baxter Kate , Birks Yvonne , Brayne Carol , Brimblecombe Nicola , Dangoor Margaret , Dixon Josie , Gridley Kate , Harris Peter R. , Knapp Martin , Miles Eleanor , Perach Rotem , Robinson Louise , Rusted Jennifer , Stewart Rob , Thomas Alan J. , Banerjee Sube 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 has impacted people with dementia and their family carers, yet little is known about effects on overall quality of life.MethodsIn a UK cohort study, pre‐ and post‐pandemic data were collected from 114 carers and 93 recently diagnosed people with dementia. Latent growth curve modeling examined change in quality of life.ResultsCarers reported significant decline in quality of life, although no change was demonstrated by people with dementia. In multivariable analyses, higher levels of cognitive impairment, deprivation, study site, and lower number of memory clinic contacts were associated with greater decline in carer quality of life.DiscussionMaintaining life quality for people with dementia during the pandemic appears to have come at the expense of their family carers. This inequity has fallen hardest on those caring for people with more severe dementia, in deprived areas, and with least support from memory services. These effects may be prevented or reversed by post‐diagnostic care.
Ethical considerations within pragmatic randomized controlled trials in dementia: Results from a literature survey
Authors: Nicholls Stuart G. , Carroll Kelly , Nix Hayden P. , Li Fan , Hey Spencer Phillips , Mitchell Susan L. , Weijer Charles , Taljaard Monica 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis review aims to describe the landscape of pragmatic randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias with respect to ethical considerations.MethodsSearches of MEDLINE were performed from January 2014 until April 2019. Extracted information included: trial setting, interventions, data collection, study population, and ethical protections (including ethics approvals, capacity assessment, and informed consent).ResultsWe identified 62 eligible reports. More than two‐thirds (69%) included caregivers or health‐care professionals as research participants. Fifty‐eight (94%) explicitly identified at least one vulnerable group. Two studies did not report ethics approval. Of 57 studies in which patients were participants, 55 (96%) reported that consent was obtained but in 37 studies (67%) no mention was made regarding assessment of the patients’ capacity to consent to research participation.DiscussionFew studies reported protections implemented when vulnerable participants were included. Shortcomings remain when reporting consent approaches and capacity assessment.
Pervasive role of the long noncoding RNA DNM3OS in development and diseases
Authors: Fellah Sandy , Larrue Romain , Truchi Marin , Vassaux Georges , Mari Bernard , Cauffiez Christelle , Pottier Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThousands of unique noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are expressed in human cells, some are tissue or cell type specific whereas others are considered as house‐keeping molecules. Studies over the last decade have modified our perception of ncRNAs from transcriptional noise to functional regulatory transcripts that influence a variety of molecular processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcription, post‐transcriptional modifications, or signal transduction. Consequently, aberrant expression of many ncRNAs plays a causative role in the initiation and progression of various diseases. Since the identification of its developmental role, the long ncRNA DNM3OS (Dynamin 3 Opposite Strand) has attracted attention of researchers in distinct fields including oncology, fibroproliferative diseases, or bone disorders. Mechanistic studies have in particular revealed the multifaceted nature of DNM3OS and its important pathogenic role in several human disorders. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of DNM3OS functions in diseases, with an emphasis on its potential as a novel therapeutic target.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
FBXW2 inhibits prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis via promoting EGFR ubiquitylation and degradation
Authors: Zhou Tao , Chen Tingting , Lai Bin , Zhang Wenfeng , Luo Xi , Xia Ding , Fu Weihua , Xu Jie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFBXW2 is a poorly characterized F-box protein, as a tumor suppressor that inhibits growth and metastasis of lung cancer by promoting ubiquitylation and degradation of oncogenic proteins, including SKP2 and β-catenin. However, what the biological functions of FBXW2 in prostate cancer cells and whether FBXW2 targets other substrates to involve in progression of prostate cancer is still unclear. Here, we reported that overexpression of FBXW2 attenuated proliferation and metastasis of PCa models both in vitro and in vivo, while FBXW2 depletion exhibited the opposite effects. Intriguingly, FBXW2 was an E3 ligase for EGFR in prostate cancer. EGFR protein level and its half-life were extended by FBXW2 depletion, while EGFR protein level was decreased, and its half-life was shortened upon overexpression of FBXW2, but not its dominant-negative mutant. Importantly, FBXW2 bond to EGFR via its consensus degron motif (TSNNST), and ubiquitylated and degraded EGFR, resulting in repression of EGF function. Thus, our data uncover a novel that FBXW2 as a tumor suppressor of prostate cancer, inhibits EGFR downstream by promoting EGFR ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in repression of cell proliferation and metastasis.
Händehygiene im OP – (k)ein Thema?
Authors: Menzel Justus , Kühn Annika , Beck Diana , Schock Bettina , Chaberny Iris F. 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Zielstellung
Eine hohe Händehygiene-Compliance (HHC) ist eine effektive Maßnahme zur Prävention von nosokomialen Infektionen. Die WHO empfiehlt direkte Beobachtungen als Goldstandard, um die HHC zu stratifizieren. Hohe Compliance-Raten bei der chirurgischen Händedesinfektion legen eine hohe Gesamt-Compliance im OP-Bereich nahe. Zahlen zur hygienischen Händedesinfektion im OP sind allerdings rar. Ziel war es, die HHC systematisch zu beobachten und durch maßgeschneiderte Interventionen zu steigern.

Methode
Um die HHC in den Jahren 2017 und 2018 zu erfassen, wurde ein Beobachtungsbogen genutzt. Chirurgen und Op.-Pflege sowie Anästhesisten und Anästhesiepflege wurden erfasst. Für die Erprobung einer maßgeschneiderten Intervention wurden 2 OP-Bereiche ausgewählt. Zur Überprüfung der Effektivität erfolgten nur in einem OP-Bereich eine maßgeschneiderte Fortbildung und sog. Compliance-Begleitungen mit direktem Feedback durch die Hygienefachkräfte. In dem anderen OP-Bereich erfolgte keine Intervention.

Ergebnis
Über 1500 Indikationen zur Händehygiene wurden in den Jahren 2017 und 2018 im operativen Bereich erfasst. Die Gesamt-Compliance der Interventionsgruppe konnte im Beobachtungszeitraum von 40 auf 75 % gesteigert werden (p < 0,001). Die Gesamt-Compliance der Kontrollgruppe veränderte sich nicht signifikant (48 auf 55 %; p = 0,069).

Diskussion
Durch die hohe Compliance-Rate bei der chirurgischen Händedesinfektion entstand die Annahme, die Compliance bei der hygienischen Händedesinfektion sei ebenfalls auf einem hohen Niveau. Im Rahmen der Feedbackgespräche zeigte sich, dass die Mitarbeiter nicht wussten, dass die Indikationen der „5 Momente der Händehygiene“ auch im OP anzuwenden seien, und zeigten somit ihr Unwissen über die assoziierten Indikationen.