bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutworm Control in No-Till Field Corn, 1985
Authors: Graustein Mark R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Agway variety 849X field corn was planted 23 Apr on the University of Delaware farm in Newark, DE. The corn was planted in a fallow field containing various annual grasses and leguminous weeds using a Buffalo no-till planter. Standard no-till weed control and fertilization practices were followed. Plots consisted of 4 rows, 25 ft long on 30 inch centers. Six insecticide treatments, replicated 4 times, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Both the Lorsban 15G and Counter 15G were applied as a “T” band at planting. The Aastar 15G treatment was banded over the row by hand using a shaker can on 16 May. The spray treatments were applied on 16 May using a CO2 propelled backpack sprayer. Three R and D Sprayer Inc. HC4 hollow cone nozzles were mounted on a 30 inch hand held boom and delivered a total of 26.4 gal per acre at 40 psi in a uniform spray swath. Steel barriers 6 ft × 6 ft × 6 inches high were placed in the approximate center of each plot. Each barrier enclosed 2 rows and was sunk into the ground 1 inch to prevent subsurface escape of the cutworms. Each barrier also had a 1 inch horizontal lip attached along the inside top to deter escape of the cutworms. On 14 May 40 cutworms were released in each barrier. Twenty worms were placed along the outside of the 2 rows. A furrow ¼ inch wide and ½ inch deep was dug between the 2 rows and 20 cutworms were placed in it and covered lightly with soil. Cut plant counts were taken 16, 19, 22, 25, and 29 May. During each observation, cut plants were marked with small mixer straws. For consistency, a marked plant was still considered cut even though it recovered in later observations.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against First Generation European Corn Borer Larvae, 1986
Authors: Higgins R. A. , Blodgett S. , Gibb T. J. , Shufran K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Naturally infested late whorl stage yellow field corn was treated on 13 Jun. Sixteen insecticides and 2 untreated control plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Granular products were applied on 2 row plots and liquid products were applied to 4 row plots all of which were 10 m long with a row width of 91 cm. Sprays were applied in water (20 GPA) using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer. The boom was equipped with 8 nozzles 45° nozzles to spray 4 rows. Granular products were applied with a modified electric drive Noble applicator. Band spreaders were positioned approximately 5 cm above the whorl and distributed products over a 20 cm band.
Apple, First Generation White Apple Leafhopper Control Test, 1986
Authors: Beers E. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An insect growth regulator compound was evaluated for control of first generation WALH nymphs. This test was conducted in a 4-year-old orchard with over-tree irrigation. A randomized complete block design was used, with 4 single-tree replicates per treatment. Materials were applied as a dilute spray to the point of drip with a handgun sprayer operating at 400-500 psi. Per acre rates were based on 400 gal/acre. Treatment timings were selected to coincide with petal fall (10 May), 75 degree days after codling moth biofix (16 May), and first appearance of fourth instar WALH nymphs (15 May). WALH densities were determined by counting nymphs on 20 randomly selected leaves showing leafhopper feeding injury from each tree (80 leaves per treatment). Posttreatment mite populations were assessed by collecting 20 randomly selected leaves from each tree (100 leaves per treatment), brushing them in a mite brushing machine, and counting mites of each species recovered.
Field Corn, Seedcorn Maggot Control, 1985
Authors: Oleson J. D. , Gray M. E. , Spike B. P. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting-time insecticides for seedcorn maggot control were tested at Ames, IA. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Seed furrows 30 ft long with 40 inch spacing were opened on 25 Apr. A bait slurry consisting of meat-and-bone meal, fish emulsion and water was added to the furrows at the rate of 2.5 qt/30 ft. The moist bait attracted ovipositioning female flies. On 30 Apr corn (nontreated or insecticide treated seed) was hand planted in the furrows and granular insecticides were applied with Noble® metering units mounted on a bicycle applicator. Granules were applied as in-furrow, 7 inch band over a partially closed furrow (T-band) or 7 inch band. Banded treatments were incorporated with a rake dragged lightly over the soil surface. On 28 May the seeds were carefully extracted from three 1-m sections of row, inspected for damage, and rated on the following 1 to 4 damage scale: (1) seed undamaged; (2) seed damaged, but plant established; (3) seed damaged and plant showing some signs of stress; (4) seed damaged, no plant or questionable establishment. Percentage damaged seeds was also computed. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.
Ield Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1986
Authors: Oleson J. D. , Gray M. E. , Spike B. P. , Gifford J. M. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design in a field located 3 miles south of Ames, IA. Treatments were applied to 40-ft rows with 30 inch row spacing. A single border row was used to separate all treatment rows. Rows were marked and the granular and liquid formulations of Beauveria bassiana were applied in 7 inch bands and incorporated with a rototiller to a depth of 4-6 inches. Nobel® metering units mounted on a 4-row John Deere® 7100 model planter delivered granular treatments. A small-plot sprayer also mounted on the planter directed the liquid treatment into the open seed furrow ahead of the closing wheels. A 8008E nozzle at 13 psi delivered 20 gpa. Rootworm feeding was evaluated by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating the damage on the 1-9 scale (1 equal to no feeding, and 9 equal to 3 nodes of roots completely destroyed). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance procedures.
Chemigated Insecticides for Control of First Generation European Corn Borer, Wray, Co, 1986
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Pilcher Stanley D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments for Part I were injected with a Neptune 562 Hydro-tube pump into a Lockwood sprinkler with 360° Senninger low pressure nozzles which delivered 0.29 inches water per acre while operating at 100% speed. Crop variety for Part I was 'Osgold 6882'. Part II treatments were injected with a Pulsa-Feeder Hydracone R-1 pump into a Valley sprinkler with 180° Senninger low pressure nozzles which delivered 0.25” water per acre while operating at 80% speed. Crop variety for Part II was 'Pioneer 3475'. All plots were 10 acres. Treatments were applied on 2 and 3 Jul. Treatments were evaluated on 20 Jul by splitting 4 groups of 10 plants with feeding scars from tassel to first root node and counting all larvae and pupae.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1986
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fourteen in-whorl insecticide treatments were evaluated for first brood European corn borer control at Highland Rim Experiment Station (HRES), Springfield, and Tobacco Experiment Station (TES), Greeneville. Corn was planted at HRES on 8 Apr and at TES on 11 Apr. Plots were 15 ft × 5 rows at HRES and 30 ft × 3 rows at TES. Rows were spaced 38 inches apart. Plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. Plant population was 50 plants/30 row ft. Insecticides were applied on 10 Jun at TES when 68% of the plants were infested (average 5.5 larvae/plant) and on 17 Jun at HRES when 33% of the plants were infested (average 1.4 larvae/plant). Granular insecticides were applied with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were applied using 2.5 gal compressed C02 sprayers at 30 gal/acre. Newly damaged whorls were counted on 19 Jun at TES and 30 Jun at HRES. Grain yield was measured on 18 Sep at HRES (16.7% moisture) and on 21 Oct at TES (15.8%). Soil type at TES was Minvale-Landisburg silt loam and at HRES was Dixon silt loam.
Efficacy of Vydate for Control of Boll Weevil and Cotton Fleahopper, 1983
Authors: Benedict J. H. , Segers J. C. , Treacy M. F. , Walmsley M. H. , Parker R. D. , Maher B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large-plot field test was conducted on the Kocurek Farm near Corpus Christi, TX, to evaluate the efficacy of Vydate for control of boll weevil. Cotton was planted the first week in Mar on rows spaced 38 inches apart. Field plots (8 acre/plot) were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. Applications were made in 5 gal total spray/acre with a John Deere high clearance ground machine on 20, 25, and 30 May. The entire test was oversprayed with Bidrin on 5 and 24 May at 0.1 lb (AI)/acre. Boll weevil damage was determined by collecting 3 samples of 50 squares (1/3 grown and larger) and 50 bolls (ca. 7-days old) per plot per sample date. The 3 samples were averaged to represent a replicate for statistical analysis. Bollworm larvae and damage were assessed by collecting 3 samples of 50 squares and bolls as above. Terminal counts of fleahoppers and blasted squares, and beat bucket samples for beneficials were determined by sampling 50 plants per plot. Fruiting counts, yields, earliness and fiber properties were determined by sampling ca. 6 ft of row at 4 sites per plot. An additional study on boll weevil survival study was conducted by caging female boll weevils on Guthion and Vydate (0.25 lb [AI]/acre) treated plants 5 days post-treatment. Following egg laying, females were removed and the cages left in place for 8 days. All punctured squares were counted and held in the laboratory for boll weevil emergence.
Chemical Control of Boll Weevil and Heliothis SPP. Larvae in Cotton, 1986
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides to control boll weevil and Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Cotton was planted on 24 May in 40-inch rows. Eleven treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 9 rows × 75 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer at the rate of 8.8 gal of spray per acre (3.5 mph, 50 psi, 2 Teejet TX6 nozzles/row). Foliar applications were made on 1, 12, 15, 20, and 25 Aug, and 5, 10, 15, 19, and 24 Sep. Boll weevil damage was estimated by examining 25 squares collected at random in each plot. Heliothis damage and larval numbers were estimated by examining 25 randomly selected plant terminals in each plot. Data were taken from 2 of the middle three rows of each plot 2 to 3 days following treatment. Due to drought conditions, cotton was planted late and maturity was late.
Efficacy of Foliar Insecticides on Early Season Thrips and Aphids and Mid-Season Aphids in Cotton, 1986
Authors: Ratchford Kevin , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Burris Gene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to plots that were 8 rows (40 inches wide) × 65 ft at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with 4 replications. Temik soil treatments were applied at planting (1 May) with a John Deere 7100 series planter, equipped with granular applicators. All plots received an infurrow treatment of Terraclor Super-X fungicide (1.0 + 0.25 lb (AI)/acre). Foliar insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed air system for spraying small plots and delivering 2.5 gal/acre with 2 X-3 hollow cone nozzles/row. The center 6 rows of all plots were sprayed in order to minimize drift. Early season application were sprayed on 2 Jun and evaluated 1, 3, and 7 days after treatment. Efficacy was evaluated by randomly collecting 10 plants from the center 2 rows of each plot. Plants were immediately placed in 1 qt glass jars and transferred to the lab for processing. A solution of water, soap, and bleach was added to the jars, and the samples in individual jars were washed through a series of mesh sieves (#100 and #40) in order to separate insects from plant samples. In the final step of processing, the contents collected on the #100 mesh sieve were washed into a Buchner funnel and collected on filter paper for observation under the microscope. A mid-season application was applied 15 Jun to evaluate effects on aphids. Insecticides were evaluated 7 days after treatment by randomly collecting 5 leaves from the upper third of plants in the center 2 rows of all plots. Leaves were placed in 1 qt glass jars and processed in the same manner as explained above. The test was over-sprayed with conventional insecticides at recommended rates for major pest control during Aug and Sep. The test was defoliated with Harvade (0.5 pt/acre) on 3 Sep. The center 4 rows of each plots were mechanically harvested on 15 Sep and 7 Oct. Yields were converted to lb seedcotton/acre.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Boll Weevil Control in Mississippi, 1986
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four treatments were tested for relative efficacy against Boll Weevil in nonirrigated cotton planted 19 May. Plots 8 rows (38 inch centers) by 50 ft long, separated by 15 ft plowed alleys were located at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 4 cages per replication. Total spray volume was 5 gal/acre at 4 mph and 38 psi. Plots within a replication were sprayed consecutively with the boom being rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. Prior to insecticide application, 4 sleeve cages 44 inches in diam by 28 inches long, fabricated from a light cotton-acetate blend material, were tied in each block by tying the lower end of each cage around a plant ca. 1.5 ft from the terminal, rolling the sleeve down and covering it with aluminum foil to protect if from spray. Immediately following spray application on 8 Jul, the cages were rolled up over treated plants and 10 live laboratory-reared boll weevils were inserted into each cage. The cages were then secured with a string. After 24 hr of exposure the plants with cages were cut from the field and brought to the laboratory where boll weevil mortality was determined. Weevils were classified as live if they kicked actively when submerged in warm water. The study was repeated at 1, 3, and 6 days post treatment.
Evaluation of Insecticide Combinations for Heliothis SPP. Control in Mississippi, 1986
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirteen treatments were tested for relative efficacy against Heliothis spp. larvae in nonirrigated cotton planted 19 May and thinned to ca. 20,500 plants/acre. Plots 8 rows (38 inch centers) by 50 ft long, separated by 15 ft plowed alleys were located at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Insecticides were applied to 8 rows by a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air spray system and 3 TX-3 nozzles/row with 15 inch drops between rows. Total spray volume was 5 gal/acre at 4 mph and 38 psi. Plots within a replication were sprayed consecutively with the boom being rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. Treatment dates were 23 Jul, 30 Jul, and 14-15 Aug. All plots received additional applications of insecticide for control of early season thrips, boll weevils and aphids as needed throughout the season. Aphids were evaluated by counting the number of aphids on 3 leaves of 2 plants in each plot on 1 Aug. Heliothis spp. larvae were counted by whole plant search of 10 plants in the 2 center rows of each plot. Yield was obtained by picking the 2 center rows of each plot by mechanical picker on 24 Oct
Evaluation of Baythroid for Control of Boll Weevil on Dryland Cotton, 1986
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Anderson R. M. , Schmidt K. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large-plot field study was conducted on a commercial farm near Corpus Christi, TX, to evaluate the effectiveness of Baythroid for control of boll weevil on dryland cotton. Treatments were compared in 87-row by 800-ft plots of cotton planted 18 Mar on 38-inch rows. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a paired-block design. At one end of the test field, a 35-row by 100-ft plot was left untreated so that we could estimate intensity of weevil infestation during the study. Treatment applications were initiated at ca. 2 wk past first-bloom. Baythroid at 0.022 lb (AI)/acre was applied on 17, 20, 23, 26, 30 Jun, and 3 Jul. Baythroid at 0.033 lb (AI)/acre was applied on 17, 20, 23, 26 Jun and 3 Jul. All applications were made with a Hahn high-clearance spray machine calibrated to deliver 5.0 gal total spray/ acre through size 6-X hollow-cone nozzles (3 nozzles/row) at 40 psi. Efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by inspecting 25 randomly chosen squares and bolls in each plot for the presence of damage from boll weevil. Seed cotton was hand-harvested from designated 10-ft sections of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Evaluation of the Yield Enhancement Potential of Fundal, 1984
Authors: Walmsley M. H. , Benedict J. H. , Zummo G. R. , Maher B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fundal was evaluated in 2 different spray strategies, 4 applications vs. 6 applications, for effects on early season insect pest densities and subsequent cotton yields. The test field was located near Corpus Christi, TX. Test plots were 5.5 to 6 acres, ca. 32 rows wide and 2,450 ft long, planted 10 Mar in rows spaced 38 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized block design: (1) 6 weekly applications of Fundal in a 20 inch band at 0.125 lb (AI)/acre beginning at the first true leaf stage, (2) 4 weekly applications banded at 0.125 lb (AI)/acre beginning at the pinhead square stage (6th true leaf), and (3) an untreated check. Treatment (1) was initiated on 6 Apr and (2) on 27 Apr. All applications were made with a Hahn high-clearance spray machine calibrated to deliver 5.0 gal total spray/acre through 6-X hollow cone nozzles at 40 psi. All plots were oversprayed with Bidrin on 18 Apr and Vydate on 4 May to control fleahoppers and boll weevils. Data collected were counts of aphids, thrips, fleahoppers, boll weevils, and bollworms, and insect damage per 50 terminals or squares. These data were measured weekly, 3 days after each spray, until 5 weeks after first bloom. Stratified hand harvests of 41/1000 acre samples per plot were collected 17 and 24 Jul. Machine stripped harvests of ca. 0.35 acre/plot were taken 26 Jul.
Comparison of Insecticides to Control Grasshoppers in Non-Crops Land in West Central Nehraska, 1985
Authors: Johnson Gregory D. , Campbell John B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In-secticides were tested against grasshoppers at the University of NE-Sandhills Ag Lab (SAL) and the University of NE-Dryland Farm. Test plots at SAL measured 30 m × 12 m and 30 m × 6 m at the Dryland Farm. Treatments were randomized and replicated 3 times. Test one treatments were applied 26 Jun '84 at each location using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer calibrated at 4 mph at 40 psi to deliver ca. 22 gal per acre. Test two treatments were applied 24 Jun '85 at each location through a 3 m boom with adjustable Conejet nozzles (Tip no. 5500) powered by a 12 volt motor driven pump. The sprayer was mounted on a Honda ATC vehicle and calibrated at 30 psi to deliver ca. 17 gal/acre. Grasshopper populations were monitored using a one meter square screened aluminum fram0065c
Lesser Cornstalk Borer Control in Sorghum in North Florida, 1986
Authors: Gilreath M. E. , Funderburk J. E. , Sprenkel R. K. , Gorbet D. W. , Herzog D. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sorghum was planted 16 Jul at a seeding rate of ca. 7 lb/acre in Jackson Co. Experimental design was an RCB with 4 replicates. Plot size was four rows by 100 ft. Standard practices were followed for sorghum production and weed and disease control. Treatments made at planting were applied with a tractor mounted applicator equipped with an electronic metering device set to deliver granules immediately in front of the press wheel. Spray treatments were applied in 25 gal/acre of spray at the 3-4 leaf stage (29 Jul) with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with three nozzles/row and set at 36 psi. Beauveria bassiana (Abbott Laboratories, RS-252, 1 × 1010 coni-dia/g) was applied in a 0.01% Tween 20 solution. All other spray materials were applied in water alone. Efficacy data were taken 25-26 Aug, at the 8-10 leaf stage. Stand density was determined by counting the number of live plants in three 1-m by 1-row samples/plot. LCB damage and density were evaluated by uprooting and visually inspecting all plants in each 1-m sample for larvae or characteristic damage symptoms. Yield data were taken 29-30 Oct by harvesting two 2-row by 8-ft samples/plot.
Insecticidal Control of Sorghum Webworm in Louisiana, 1985
Authors: Riley Thomas J. , Riley Edward G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated for control of the sorghum webworm at the LSU, Idlewild Experiment Station, East Feliciana Parish, LA. Grain sorghum was planted in a conventional manner on 25 May. Insecticide treatments were 50 ft × 1 row with an untreated row between treatments. A completely randomized block design was used with 4 replications, 5 ft alleys between replicates and 38 inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied using a backpack CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 16 gal/acre at 55 psi through a single Teejet 8002 E nozzle. Sprays were applied approximately 6 inches above the sorghum heads on 6 Aug. The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated on 9 Aug by counting the number of live webworms on 5 randomly selected sorghum heads from each treatment in each replication. Webworms were counted by clipping and bagging the heads, shaking them over a white porcelain pan, and counting the number of live webworm larvae.
Evaluation of Spray Timing with Lorsban and Asana to Control Sorghum Midge in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, 1986
Authors: Royer T. A. , Cartwright B. , Fernandez D. , East D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in 4 row by 50 ft plots of ‘Pioneer 8244’ variety grain sorghum planted 26 Mar at the TAMU-Hoblitzelle Farm near Mercedes, TX. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Lorsban 4E and Asana HP were sprayed through a CO2 powered, backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gal/acre (1 TX6 hollow cone nozzles/row, 40 psi, 2 mph). Lorsban XRM was delivered at 2.5 gal/acre (1 TX2 hollow cone nozzle/row, 40 psi, 2 mph). Asana HP @ 0.0125 and Lorsban XRM @ 0.125 lb (AI)/acre were applied on 3, 4, 5, or 6 day intervals. Lorsban 4E @ 0.25 lb (AI)/acre was applied on 3 and 6 day intervals. The first application for all treatments was made on 31 May. Efficacy was evaluated by cutting 3 sorghum heads from each plot on 13 Jun and holding them in rearing chambers made from 1 qt cardboard ice cream containers. Emergent midges were collected in an 8 ml vial that was inserted into the side of the rearing chamber. Counts of adult midges were recorded daily until emergence had ceased. Sorghum plots were harvested on 16 Jul with a 4-row combine and weighed.