bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Accuracy of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients with Dye Technique
Authors: Ramesh Rakesh S. , Srigeri R. Raxith , Vijayalakshmi V. V. , Sugara Medha , Shivanna Paramesh S. , Singh Jaiveer 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
In recent years, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) has been largely replaced by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) as the standard technique for axillary staging in patients with early stage breast cancer. There has been little data from Indian subcontinent regarding SLNB in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) where complete ALND still remains the gold standard.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty one cases of LABC that had received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy were subjected to SLNB (using methylene blue dye) followed by complete ALND (Levels I–III). The sentinel lymph node (SLN) accuracy parameters were calculated employing standard definitions.

Results:
The SLN identification rate in the present study was 95.2%. The sensitivity of SLNB was 75% while overall, false negative rate (FNR) was 25%. With 3 or more SLNB improved sensitivity and decreased FNR.

Conclusions:
SLNB with methylene blue 'dye alone' method-cost effective, reliable, and almost as accurate as dual agent mapping method even in post-NACT LABC who become cN0.
An Assessment of Axillary Lymph Node Positivity in Clinically Node-Negative Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Harinath T. , Oommen T. Alex , Shyni P. M. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Routine use of mammography and early detection of carcinoma breast show fewer cases of node positivity at detection. These patients may undergo unnecessary axillary surgery for a staging procedure. The present study assessed the percentage of axillary lymph node positivity in early-stage node-negative breast cancer and studied the association of positive nodes with factors such as age, menstrual status, clinical staging, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) score, pathological staging, histological type of tumour, lymphovascular emboli and receptors.

Methodology:
This observational study was conducted between 2018 and 2019 at a tertiary care hospital. Data of 84 cases of clinically node-negative early-stage carcinoma breast were collected from records, tabulated and analysed.

Results:
Thirty-three percentage had metastatic lymph nodes. There was positive association of incidence with age (post-menopausal women - 36.6%), increase in BIRADS score, histological grade of cancer, lymphovascular emboli - 42.8%, oestrogen and progesterone receptors and triple-negative breast cancer - 55.5%.

Conclusions:
As one-third of the specimens were having metastatic deposits in lymph nodes, axillary dissection cannot be avoided even though clinically node negative.
Relation Between New Trauma Score and Probability of Survival in Head Injury Patients
Authors: Nair Anand P. , Unnikrishnan E. P. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
The Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is widely used to determine the prognosis of trauma patients. A new trauma score (NTS) based on the revised parameters is now introduced including the adoption of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), revision of the systolic blood pressure (BP) interval and the incorporation of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive performance of the NTS for in-hospital mortality compared with the RTS and other trauma scores.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to know the validity of NTS for the prediction of mortality in head injury patients presenting to the hospital casualty.

Methodology:
It was a cohort study of 200 cases of trauma-related emergencies, presenting to the casualty of a tertiary care centre, including road traffic accidents, fall from height and assault. The name, age, sex, time of occurrence and time of examination of the patient and associated injuries were noted along with the mode of injury. Each patient was scored as per the NTS and assigned points. The final outcome was noted at the time of discharge and probability of survival calculated.

Results:
The probability of survival of a patient with a NTS of 12 was found to be 0.9999, 0.0892 for an NTS of 3 and nil for score of 3. The outcome based on GCS was related but weaker than NTS.

Conclusion:
In this study, it was found that patients with an NTS of 12 had a probability of survival of 99.99%. Below the score of 3, death was inevitable. These simple observations of pulse, BP, GCS, together with assessment of mechanisms of injury give a rapid assessment of those patients in need of treatment and expert management and provide important guidelines for triage.
Blunt Trauma Abdomen
Authors: Thomas Jasion , Oommen Alex 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Trauma is the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in the first four decades of life. It remains a major public health problem amongst all countries, regardless of the socioeconomic status. Abdomen is the third most frequently injured body region. Most preventable deaths are those occurring in the abdomen. The paper studied the cause of injury, clinical presentation and management adopted for the patients admitted following blunt trauma abdomen for 1 year and compared the causes of injury and organs injured.

Methodology:
This is an observational study based on 241 cases of blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) with respect to clinical presentation, cause of injury, management and organs injured.

Results:
Demographic data such as age and sex, cause of injury, commonly injured organs and the management done were observed and compared. It was found that BAT commonly involves young males in the age group of 20–40 years. Road traffic accident (RTA) is found to be the most common cause of injury. Conservative management was done in 217 out of 241 patients. Out of 241 blunt trauma cases presented, liver was the most common organ injured and 118 patients with liver trauma were managed conservatively and 4 patients were taken up for surgery. Out of 112 splenic trauma patients, 106 were managed conservatively and 6 were taken up for splenectomy. Hollow viscus injury followed by pneumoperitoneum was directly taken up for surgery with no role of non-operative management. Out of 12 patients with mesenteric injury, 10 patients were taken up for surgery (primary suturing of torn mesentery) and 2 were conservatively managed. Multiple organs are usually involved in most of the cases rather than an isolated organ injury. Conservative management was done in 24 patients out of 241 blunt trauma abdomen patients.

Conclusion:
The study was conclusive of the fact that young males who sustained BAT due to RTA were the most commonly affected group. It was also conclusive that spleen and liver are the most commonly injured organs in BAT and conservative management should be followed wherever possible.
Marginal Mandibular Nerve Dysfunction after Submandibular Surgeries
Authors: Sugeeth E. , Mani Anna , M. Basheer O. T. M. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Marginal mandibular nerve (MMN) is a branch of facial nerve. It is vulnerable to iatrogenic injuries during surgeries involving submandibular region. This leads to significant post-operative morbidity. Injuries to this nerve can distort the expression of the smile as well as other facial expressions.

Objectives:
The aim of the study is to determine the incidence of MMN dysfunction in the submandibular surgeries and to determine the factors affecting post-operative MMN dysfunction.

Methodology:
This was a longitudinal study conducted in the department of general surgery, in a tertiary care hospital for a period of 1 year in 48 patients undergoing submandibular surgeries. The study subjects were followed up intra-operatively, post-operative day 1 and 2 weeks after surgery for any post-operative MMN dysfunction. The incidence was correlated with different variables using statistical tests.

Results:
Out of 48 subjects, six had post-operative MMN dysfunction, forming 12%. Considering the age, majority of the patients with MMN dysfunction were aged above 60 years. Majority of surgeries in which post-operative MMN dysfunction developed were performed using electrocauteries, and the duration of surgery was 1–2 h. Systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus also contributed.

Conclusion:
The incidence of MMN dysfunction is 12% in the submandibular surgeries with contributory factors being advanced age, diabetes mellitus, prolonged surgeries with excessive traction and use of energy devices such as electrocautery.
Risk Factors of Port-Site Infections in Laparoscopic Surgeries
Authors: Sheeba Mariyam V. K. , Salim J. Muhammed , Raj Rakesh Praveen , Sheriff Riyaz 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Laparoscopic surgery has brought in a paradigm shift in surgery. The ever-expanding applications of laparoscopic surgery have made the study of its complications crucial.

Objectives:
Our aim was to study the incidence of port-site infection (PSI) in laparoscopic procedures and the associated risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
A longitudinal observational study was conducted on 96 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgeries for various ailments and were observed for the development of PSIs and the association with the studied risk factors using the Chi-square test.

Results:
Prolonged duration of surgery (>120 min) was found to have a statistically significant association with increased risk of development of PSI. Obesity, presence of comorbidities and increase in the number of ports also were risk factors that had a statistically significant association with the incidence of PSI. The most common procedure associated with PSI was laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the most common organisms found to be Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Conclusion:
Proper sterilisation techniques and operation theatre aseptic protocol have brought down the incidence of PSI a great deal. Identification of the other hidden risk factors is vital for the elimination of PSI in laparoscopic surgery.
Sodium Abnormalities in Patients with Acute Retention of Urine Due to Bladder Outlet Obstruction
Authors: Paul Riju Joseph , Muhammed Farooq V. P. , Mujeeb Rahman N. M. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Bladder outlet obstruction is the most common cause of urinary retention. Electrolyte disturbances are among one of the most overlooked counterparts of urinary retention. Reports suggest that acute urinary retention can lead to derangements in sodium levels.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to find out the incidence of sodium abnormalities in patients admitted with urinary retention due to bladder outlet obstruction. To compare serum sodium levels before and after relief of bladder outlet obstruction in these patients.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective, observational study design. All patients above 18 years who presented with complaints of acute retention of urine due to bladder outlet obstruction and fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. After history and physical examination, a urinary catheter was placed to empty the bladder. Serum sodium levels were checked before catheterisation, at 24 h and 48 h after catheterisation to note if there is a change in values of serum sodium.

Results:
There were 92 cases of acute urinary retention, of which 88 were male and 4 were female. The mean serum sodium value at the time of catheterisation was 131.64, at 24 h after catheterisation was 133.48 and 48 h later was 134.95.

Conclusion:
An increase in serum sodium levels was noted in the majority of the patients who were catheterised. We infer that hyponatraemia is seen in acute urinary retention and that it gets corrected on catheterisation.
Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum against bacteria causing gastrointestinal tract infections in humans
Authors: Sanusi S.B. , Lawal S.M. , Usman A. , Musa F.M. , Ardo B. 
Published: May 2022

Detarium microcarpum is used by different ethnic groups for treatment of various diseases in Nigeria and several parts of West African. The phytochemical constituents of the stembark extract of D.microcarpum were analyzed using qualitative methods. The antibacterial activity of the stembark extracts against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were tested using the agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical investigation revealed that presence of tannins, saponin, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols and terpenoids. The plant extracts exhibited anti bacterial potential against the tested organisms at different concentrations 100 mg/mL , 50mg/mL 25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL )), with S. aureus having the highest zone of inhibition of 21 mm at 100 mg/mL with ethanolic extract. Therefore, this study suggests that D. microcarpum stembark has phytochemical constituents. The antibacterial activity exhibited by the extracts could be as a result of the phytochemicals presents.
Personal Selling Dalam Meningkatkan Penjualan Polis Asuransi PT Prudential Life Assurance Syariah Cabang Binjai
Authors: Lasmi Aida , Yusrizal Yusrizal 
Published: May 2022

This research was conducted at PT. Prudential Life Assurance Medan branch. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research and field research, using document study tools, interviews and observations. The final step in the research method is data analysis. There are 200 licensed marketers. Both work actively and passively. The number of customer premiums fluctuates every year. So the results of the study show that the level of sales of policies and premiums cannot be separated from the popularity and image of a good company in the eyes of the community and the competence of a marketer or agent in personal selling activities carried out as well as the efforts made by agents who play a role in maintaining and increasing market share. market by always maintaining good communication with policyholders.
Keywords: Personal Selling, Sales, Insurance Policy
Efektivitas Penyaluran Zakat di Baznas Kabupaten Asahan
Authors: Ayu Putri Evi , Akmal Tarigan Azhari 
Published: May 2022

Zakat is an obligation for a Muslim to issue a number of property owned and given to parties who are entitled to receive it, there needs to be a measurement of effectiveness in the distribution of zakat in order to know how BAZNAS performs in zakat management and can improve the quality of performance. This study intends to measure the effectiveness of zakat distribution in BAZNAS Asahan Regency through ACR (Allocation to Collection Ratio). ACR is used to see the comparison between the funds collected with the funds that have been successfully distributed by BAZNAS. The research method used is field research of qualitative research type. The results obtained from this study are the effectiveness of zakat distribution in BAZNAS Asahan Regency in 2019 by 246%, in 2020 by 486%, with a total average ACR of 366%. With the percentage above, baznas distribution is included in the category of ACR highly effective. This means that the distribution to BAZNAS Asahan Regency is very effective. Implications of this study so that BAZNAS Asahan Regency can continue to maintain or even improve the quality of zakat distribution which currently occupies the highly-effective category.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Zakat Distribution, ACR (Allocation to Collection)
An experimental study to evaluate acute dermal toxicity of Rasakriya in Wistar rats
Authors: Hafiz Asma , Dave Omprakash , D Toshikhane Hemant 
Published: May 2022

Background – Rasakriya is a herbo-mineral preparation explained under the heading of Shashti upakrama by Acharya Sushruta in the management of Dushtavrana. Safety of drugs prior to application to see its efficacy is very important as Chronic Wound is more prone for infection.
Objective – To evaluate Acute Dermal toxicity of Rasakriya on Female Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods – The study was conducted as per the OECD guidelines 402. The study was conducted under two Headings i.e. Sighting study and Limit test study. In Sighting study the prepared Rasakriya at the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight was applied on the depilated area and observed for the signs of Toxicity for 14 days, later limit test group animals were similarly treated and observed for 14 days. Observation was done for body weight changes, clinical signs of toxicity and mortality.
Results – Dermal application of Rasakriya did not exhibit any signs toxicity with respect to Dermal, Circulatory, Respiratory, Central Nervous System and Behavioural pattern. There were no unscheduled deaths reported in animals during the study period, so, the animals were rehabilitated after the completion of the study.
Conclusion – Rasakriya is safe for application as mortality and signs of toxicity were not observed in the study.
Keywords – Rasakriya, Acute Dermal Toxicity, Sighting Study, Limit Test Study.
A case study on Psoriasis with special reference to Kitibha Kushtha
Authors: Chauhan Smita , Kumbhar Prakash , Krishna Rinjin , Patharkar Janhvi 
Published: May 2022

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic non-infectious autoimmune dermatosis characterized by periodic flare-ups of sharply defined red patches, covered by a silvery, flaky surface. In Psoriasis, relapsing nature is commonly seen, which suggests the need for long-term treatment. Worldwide the prevalence of psoriasis is estimated to be approximately 2–3%. In India, the prevalence of psoriasis may vary from region to region due to variable environmental and genetic factors. Case-A 22year old nulliparous female patient suffering from psoriasis for 4 years visited the hospital for treatment. Considering the signs and symptoms of the disease, it was diagnosed as Kitibha Kushtha and Shodhan – Shaman chikitsa were planned. Conclusion: Repeated Shodhan chikitsa helped in prevention of relapse of psoriasis and internal medications showed significant improvement in all the cardinal symptoms as well as lesions of the patients.
Pengetahuan tentang Perempuan Pekerja Seks terhadap Pencegahan, Tindakan Pencarian Pertolongan Pengobatan Infeksi Menular Seksual
Authors: Febrian Sukma 
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengetahuan perempuan dari pekerja seks terhadap pencegahan serta tindakan dari pencarian bantuan pengobatan IMS. Dengan systematic review dari study primer yang dilakukan oleh penulis sebelumnya. Penelitian ini merupakanÂ systematic review. Artikel yang ditelusur secara komputer melalui GOOGLE SCHOLAR. Pemilihan artikel menggunakan diagram alir PRISMA. 9 artikel yang dijadikan systematic reviewmenyatakan pengetahuan PSK terkait Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) baik tetapi dalam praktiknya masih banyak PSKÂ yang tidak mau menggunakan pengaman seperti kondom karna pendapatan ekonomi. Pengetahuan pekerja seks komersial dalam upaya pencegahan dapat dikatakan masuk kategori baikyaitu kesadaran PSKÂ terhadap pekerjaan yang dilakukan memiliki resiko tinggi untuk bisa terkena penyakit IMS/HIV AIDS. Dalam praktik pencarian pertolongan pengobatan masih rendah karena tidak mau menggunakan kondom, penggunaan kondom dalam pencegahan PIMS berpengaruh pada pendapatan. Suntik KB hormon bahan-bahan tradisional serta penggunaan antibiotik masih ada dikalangan PSK dalam melakukan pencegahan dan pengobatan.
Hubungan Pengetahuan tentang Penyakit HIV/AIDS dengan Sikap Pencegahan HIV/AIDS
Authors: Prayitno Suhadi , Bachrun Edy 
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dengan sikap pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada remaja. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian korelasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross-sectional. Responden sebanyak 110 siswa/i. pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner melalui Google Form. Analisis yang digunakan adalah Spearman Rank degan taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini, sebegaian besar pengetahuan tentang penyakitÂ HIV/AIDS pada siswa/i di SMKN 1 Bendo Baik, dan memiliki sikap pencegahan penularan yang positif. Uji Spearman Rank didapatkan hasil Ha Diterima, sehingga ada hubungan. Selain itu didapatkan koefisien korelasi 0,347 yang berartikorelasilemah. Semakin baik tingkat pengetahuan maka akan membentuk sikap pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS yang positif. Begitupun sebaliknya, jika pengetahuan tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS semakin kurang maka akan membentuk sikap pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS yang negatif. Mereka yang memiliki sikap pencegahan HIV/AIDS yang positif umumnya mendukung dan sangat menyetujui upaya-upaya pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS.
Seasonal Effects on Wound Susceptibility and Canker Expansion in Honeylocusts Inoculated with Thyronectria austro-americana
Authors: Jacobi W. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractField-grownGleditsia triacanthosseedlings were inoculated each month for two years with the fungusThyronectria austro-americana. Resulting canker sizes were recorded monthly for one year after inoculation. The season in which inoculations occurred had a significant effect on average canker size. Canker size was largest after summer and fall inoculations, and smallest after winter and spring inoculations. Canker expansion ceased 7 - 10 months after inoculation in the fall, winter, and summer, and 3 - 4 months after spring inoculations. Thus, cankers resulting from spring inoculations were small and only expanded for a few months before host defenses stopped expansion. Cultivars (Skyline, Imperial, Sunburst) and one seedling selection (Thornless) were inoculated at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days after wounding in the spring, summer, and fall of 1986 and 1987. Wounds remained susceptible to infection between 7 and 14 days in all but one season during the experiment. In 1986, spring wounds remained susceptible for 21 days. Thus, the season of inoculation did not greatly affect the duration wounds remained susceptible.
Small Mammals in Plant Cover Types on an Electric Transmission Right-of-Way
Authors: Bramble W.C. , Yahner R.H. , Byrnes W.R. , Liscinsky S.A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA study of the abundance and diversity of small mammals in common plant cover types was made on an electric transmission right-of-way (ROW) in central Pennsylvania in 1989 and 1990. Two mechanical and five herbicide treatments had been applied in 1987 on four replicated ROW areas. A diverse and abundant population was found on the ROW, which included eight mammalian species with an average total density of 71.0 individuals per acre. Population density of all species combined in the six common ROW cover types ranged from 32.7 in the fescue grass type to 100.4 in the witchhazel type. Density of small mammals in the adjoining forest averaged 101.6 per acre, with only two species present.