bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of biological treatment used before harvesting and storage methods on the quality, health and microbial characteristics of unripe hazelnut in the husk (Corylus avellana L.)
Authors: Markuszewski Bogumił , Bieniek Anna Adriana , Wachowska Urszula , Bieniek Arkadiusz , Krzymińska Izabela 
Published: January 2022

Background
The hazelnut (Corylus avellana) is still one of the most profitable nut crop species. In recent years, however, there has been growing interest in this species in the form of “fresh nuts” that are picked before falling out of the fruit cover. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage conditions for hazelnuts protected with biological preparations on selected morphological features of the fruits, their health status and the count of bacteria and fungi colonizing the fruits.

Results
The hazelnuts harvested from the trees protected with a preparation containing Pythium oligandrum and stored for 2 months under the controlled atmosphere conditions and in Xtend® bags (MAP) had the greatest weight and the highest percentage of the kernel. After 3 months of storage, the hazelnuts had reduced commercial value. Only a few hazelnuts displayed symptoms of infectious diseases caused by species of Botrytis and Monilia. The protection applied before the hazelnut harvesting contributed to a multiple increase in the bacterial and yeasts count on the husks and shells of the hazelnuts stored for 3 months. The bacterial count on the nuts stored under the controlled atmosphere (CA, 3%O2:3%CO2, a temperature of 0–1 °C, humidity of 85–95%) and under the controlled atmosphere conditions and in Xtend® bags (MAP) increased significantly. An analysis of the ITS region sequence revealed the presence of bacteria Arthrobacter luteolus and Pantoea agglomerans. A Koch test proved that both non-pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic fungi can cause the browning of the C. avellana leaf under conditions of high humidity. The application of a controlled atmosphere is recommended for a short-term storage of hazelnuts in the husk.

Conclusion
This research showed that 2 months’ storage of hazelnuts under controlled atmosphere conditions and Xtend® bags (MAP) prevented a reduction in the weight of hazelnuts in the husk, without the husk, and of the kernel and prevented the nut separation from the husk. In general, the application of biopreparations for the protection of the hazelnut had a positive effect on the kernel weight and size.
Dimensional changes of commercial and novel polyvinyl siloxane impression materials following sodium hypochlorite disinfection
Authors: Ud Din Shahab , Sajid Muhammad , Saeed Asfia , Chaudhary Farooq Ahmad , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Sarfraz Juneda , Ahmed Bilal , Patel Mangala 
Published: January 2022

Background
Dental impressions are used to record anatomy of teeth and surrounding oral structures. Impression materials become contaminated with saliva and blood requiring disinfection, which may have negative impact on dimensional stability of materials.

Objective
Comparatively evaluate linear dimensional changes of synthesized Tetra-functional (dimethylsilyl) orthosilicate (TFDMOS) containing Polyvinylsiloxane (PVS) impressions following sodium hypochlorite disinfection.

Methods
Percentage dimensional changes of three commercial PVS (Elite HD Monophase, Extrude and Aquasil Ultra Monophase) and five experimental PVS impression materials were measured. Experimental material contained novel cross-linking agent (TFDMOS) and a non-ionic surfactant (Rhodasurf CET-2) that is Exp-A (without TFDMOS), Exp-B (with TFDMOS), Exp-C (TFDMOS+ 2% Rhodasurf CET-2), Exp-D (TFDMOS+ 2.5% Rhodasurf CET-2) Exp-E (TFDMOS+ 3% Rhodasurf CET-2). Samples were made using rectangular stainless-steel molds (40 × 10 × 3 mm3) and linear dimensional changes were measured using a calibrated travelling microscope at 10× magnification after immersion in distilled water (D.W) and 1% Sodium Hypochlorite solution at two different time intervals i.e., 30 min and 24 h.

Results
Samples immersed in 1% NaOCl showed significant (p < 0.05) dimensional changes after 30 min of immersion. Exp-E showed significantly greater dimensional changes than their control (Exp-A and Exp-B). In distilled water, there were no significant difference among the tested materials. Aquasil exhibited highest expansion (0.06%) in both solutions. At 24 h, among the commercial materials, Extrude had the greatest expansion followed by Aquasil and Elite in DW while Aquasil showed the greatest expansion followed by Extrude and Elite in NaOCl.

Conclusion
Experimental PVS had linear dimensional changes within the ISO 4823; 2015 recommended range. However, extended immersion can negatively affect the linear dimensions.
Glycemic Responses by Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Jaggery and Cane Sugar (Saccharum officinarum): A Comparative Study
Authors: Hewa Pathirana H. P. D. T. , Wijesekara I. , Yalegama L. L. W. C. , Jayasinghe M. A. , Waidyarathne K. P. 
Published: January 2022

Aim: Cane sugar (Saccharum officinarum) and (Cocos nucifera) jaggery are prominent sweeteners. The aim of the this study is to evaluate Glycemic Indices (GI) of cane sugar and coconut jaggery using healthy human subjects.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted as a collaborative project with Coconut Research Institute Sri Lanka and National Hospital Colombo Sri Lanka, between 2019 to 2020.
Methodology: Starch fractions (Total starch - TS, Resistant starch – RS and Digestible starch – DS) and sugar profile of two test foods were analyzed. Thirty six (n=36) healthy volunteers were recruited and were subjected to health screening. Fifty grams of digestible carbohydrate containing test food portions were given for each subject who had been fasting for 8 - 12 hours. Intravenous blood samples were collected to analyze blood glucose concentration and GI of food.
Results: Cane sugar contained high percentages of TS (95.86 ± 1.58%), DS (95.73 ± 1.59%) and RS was just 0.13± 0.02%. Coconut jaggery contained a lower percentage of sucrose (76.12±1.62%) and glucose (5.22±0.11%). Healthy volunteers (25.95±3.62 years) whom were having healthy fasting blood glucose concentrations (73.54±8.89 mg/dl) and HbA1c (5.05±0.35 %) were tested with glucose, and the two test foods.
Conclusions: There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between blood glucose response curves and GI of coconut jaggery (65.19±36.53) and cane sugar (60.76±35.80), where both can be considered as moderate GI sweeteners.
Antioxidants Activities and Heavy Metal Profil in Vegetable Oils in Yaounde
Authors: Antoine Vayaraï Manaoda , Thierry Césaire Kenmogne Simo , Jean Baptiste Hzounda Fokou , Hysantine Arrey Arah , Jacques Yinyang , Dieudonne Adiogo 
Published: January 2022

The main aim of this study was to determine the quality of vegetable oils consumed by the population in Yaoundé.
The study was carried out on 14 vegetable oils sampled following a survey. The antioxidant potentials of these oils were analyzed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, FRAP total antioxidant capacity. The concentrations of some heavy metals (Pb, Cu, and Fe) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry after acid digestion. The acid and peroxide values were assessed using methods described by the Cameroonian standard on vegetable oils.
The sample included 8 brands of which, 5 of refined palm oil, 4 of soybean oil, 1 brand of cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, and cold extracted olive oil, red palm oil bleached palm oil each. The antioxidant activity showed a good correlation, with red palm oil having the greatest antioxidant potential and bleached palm oil having the least antioxidant potential. The Pb, Cu, and Fe contents had the following conformities: 71.4%, 100% respectively. For the acid and peroxide values, we found 50% and 21.4%, respectively. Six of the fourteen (42.9%) analyzed oils contained less than 33 IU/g vitamin A.
These results highlight the poor quality of the oils consumed in Yaoundé.
Correlation between Late Second and Third Trimester Placental Thickness Detected by Ultrasound and Gestational Age in Normal and IUGR Pregnancies
Authors: Elmahdy Basma M. , A. El sokary Amal , AlGergawy Adel E. , El Kholy Dina G. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Ultrasonography has played a significant part in obstetric care. This has progressed from basic 2-D imaging to Doppler imaging to monitor foetal and maternal circulation, as well as 3-D imaging of foetal anatomy .).Obstetrical ultrasound has proven crucial in a variety of ways, two in particular being more accurate pregnancy dating and detection of fetal anomalies. The aim of this study is determine to Correlation between late second and third trimester placental thickness detected by ultrasound and gestational age in normal and IUGR pregnancies.
Methods: This study was a prospective study that was conducted on100 pregnant women who attended the outpatient clinics or admitted at inpatients wards of Obstetrics and Gynecology department, Tanta University during the period from December 2019 to December 2020.
Results In the majority of gestational age groups, the mean placental thickness was lower in group I than that detected in group II (P<0.01) except that detected between 28 and 29 weeks and 29 and 30 weeks, where there was no significant difference between two studied groups regarding placental thickness (P>0.05). In addition, the present study indicated that 26 out of 50 (52%) of newborns in group I had a birth weight below the fifth percentile and 24% of them had a birth weight ranged between 5 th -10 th percentile for gestational age and sex at the time of birth whereas all newborns of group II had a birth weight >10th percentile for gestational age and sex. A comparison of neonates’ birth characteristics and outcomes between two groups showed a statistically significant difference in the birth weight among both studied groups
Conclusions: The mean placental thickness was steadily increased with increased gestational age both IUGR and normal fetal weight cases. in addition, In the majority of gestational age groups, the mean placental thickness was lower in IUGR than that their normal weight conterparts.
Differences in the Association Between Oral Glucocorticoids and Risk of Preterm Birth by Data Source: Reconciling the Results
Authors: Palmsten Kristin , Bandoli Gretchen , Vazquez‐Benitez Gabriela , Chambers Christina D. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate causes of discrepancies in the association between early pregnancy oral glucocorticoid (OGC) use and preterm birth risk among women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in health care utilization data from California Medicaid (Medi‐Cal) and the prospective cohort MotherToBaby Pregnancy Studies.MethodsSeparately, we estimated risk ratios (RRs) between OGC exposure before gestational day 140 and preterm birth risk in data from Medi‐Cal (2007–2013; n = 844) and MotherToBaby (2003–2014; n = 528). We explored differences in socioeconomic status, OGC dose distribution, exposure misclassification, and confounding by RA severity across the data sources.ResultsPreterm birth risk in women without OGC was 17.3% in Medi‐Cal and was 9.7% in MotherToBaby. There was no association between OGC and preterm birth in Medi‐Cal (adjusted RR 1.00 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.71, 1.42]), and a 1.85‐fold (95% CI 1.20, 2.84) increased preterm birth risk in MotherToBaby. When restricting each sample to women with a high‐school diploma or less, preterm birth risk following no OGC exposure was 15.9% in Medi‐Cal and 16.7% in MotherToBaby; adjusted RRs were 1.16 (95% CI 0.74, 1.80) in Medi‐Cal and 0.81 (95% CI 0.25, 2.64) in MotherToBaby. Cumulative OGC dose was higher in MotherToBaby (median 684 mg) than in Medi‐Cal (median 300 mg). An OGC dose of ≤300 mg was not associated with increased preterm birth risk. Exposure misclassification and confounding by RA severity were unlikely explanations of differences.ConclusionHigher baseline preterm birth risk and lower OGC dose distribution in Medi‐Cal may explain the discrepancies. Studies are needed to understand the effects of autoimmune disease severity and undertreatment on preterm birth risk in low‐income populations.
High Space Efficiency Hybrid Nanogenerators for Effective Water Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhang Chuguo , Yuan Wei , Zhang Baofeng , Yang Ou , Liu Yuebo , He Lixia , Wang Jie , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWater wave energy is a vital renewable‐energy resource, but it is less developed due to the characteristics of water wave with low and varying frequency. Herein, a bifilar‐pendulum coupled hybrid nanogenerator (BCHNG) module, which includes an electromagnetic generator (EMG), two piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), and two multilayer‐structured triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), is incorporated into a vessel‐like platform for wave energy harvesting. The combination of the lightweight TENG and the heavy PENG and EMG can not only increase the ability of power take‐off to capture water wave energy, but also improve the space utilization rate of BCHNG module and facilitate the design of the floating wave energy collecting device. Furthermore, the BCHNG module can harvest the kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy of the water wave at the same time, which benefits from the two degrees of swing freedom of the bifilar‐pendulum. Importantly, thanks to the accurate geometric design and the reasonable utilization of space, the BCHNG module achieves a high peak power density of 358.5 W m−3. The findings not only provide a novel method for the large‐scale development of blue energy, but also offer an opportunity for the development of self‐powered marine resources.
Emerging Three‐Dimensional Integrated Systems for Biomimetic Neural In Vitro Cultures
Authors: Seiti Miriam , Ginestra Paola Serena , Ceretti Elisabetta , Ferraris Eleonora , Ranga Adrian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract3D in vitro neural cultures have gained interest in recent years as promising biomimetic micro‐environments which can regulate cell response to neural guidance cues. Several bioengineered technologies have been developed in combination with biomaterials to produce 3D models, such as scaffold‐based neural constructs, neurospheres, cerebral organoids, and brain‐on‐chip devices. While the strategic selection of bioengineering approaches and associated biomaterials has opened a multitude of opportunities in building increasingly advanced neural tissues, technical limitations remain a challenge in modeling the complexity of in vivo cell–cell and cell–microenvironment interactions. In this context, potential synergies between different model systems can provide solutions for long‐standing in vitro challenges in neural tissue engineering. Here, the authors provide a critical and comprehensive overview of biomimetic in vitro brain modeling strategies, and explore how 3D integrated brain systems can be implemented in multidisciplinary neural tissue engineering, regenerative and personalized medicine, disease modeling, and drug discovery applications.
Optically Isotropic Liquid Crystal Mode Templated by Nanoporous Breath Figure Membrane
Authors: Shin Young‐Chul , Park Ji‐Sub , Joo Kyung‐Il , Kim Hyun Gyu , Manda Ramesh , Choi Jun‐Chan , Kim Hak‐Rin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, a printing‐based scalable method is proposed for the higher density of a liquid crystal (LC) nanodroplet structure suitable for the optically isotropic LC mode where the LC nanodomains are accurately templated by a nanoporous breath figure (BF) membrane. The highly porous BF polymeric template structure is reliably obtained by utilizing self‐structured packing effects of the silica nanospheres achieved by doctor blade coating. A nanocomposite film with densely packed silica nanospheres encapsulated by the UV‐crosslinked polymer matrix is made by controlling the blade coating velocity and blade gap conditions. This provides a higher LC fill‐factor condition of the optically isotropic nanodroplet LC (OI‐NDLC) mode with filling the LCs into the nanopores obtained after selective silica etching. The OI‐NDLC structure templated by the nanoporous BF membrane made with the silica nanospheres of 300 nm can effectively resolve the scattering‐induced optical loss and depolarization issues observable in the OI‐NDLC mode prepared by conventional phase separation approaches due to the sufficiently reduced LC droplet size. The structure exhibits a much‐improved light leakage level in the field‐off optically isotropic state, a higher transmittance level as the field‐induced Kerr operation, and resultant improved contrast ratio properties.
Doubly Doped BaZnOS Microcrystals for Multicolor Luminescence Switching
Authors: Wang Yanze , Chen Bing , Zhang Xin , Suo Hao , Zheng Weilin , Shen Junda , Li Yang Yang , Wang Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuaternary oxysulfide semiconductors with a formula of MZnOS (M = Ca, Sr, or Ba) have recently attracted a lot of attention as host materials for luminescent dopant ions. Among these oxysulfides, the BaZnOS remains largely unexplored for luminescence in comparison with the CaZnOS and SrZnOS counterparts. This study describes a highly efficient and repeatable synthesis of BaZnOS microcrystals comprising a variety of lanthanide and transition metal ions. Spectroscopic investigations reveal a host‐sensitized luminescence in the dopant ions that display distinct temperature dependence of emission intensity. Accordingly, a class of BaZnOS crystals doubly doped with Pr3+ and Mn2+ is further constructed, which shows a sensitive switching of luminescence color in response to temperature change. The advances in these luminescent nanomaterials offer exciting opportunities for temperature sensing (relative sensitivity of 8.58% K–1) and electrochromism applications.
Stretchable Sweat‐Activated Battery in Skin‐Integrated Electronics for Continuous Wireless Sweat Monitoring
Authors: Liu Yiming , Huang Xingcan , Zhou Jingkun , Yiu Chun Ki , Song Zhen , Huang Wei , Nejad Sina Khazaee , Li Hu , Wong Tsz Hung , Yao Kuanming , Zhao Ling , Yoo Woojung , Park Wooyoung , Li Jiyu , Huang Ya , Lam Hiuwai Raymond , Song Enming , Guo Xu , Wang Yanwei , Dai Zhenxue , Chang Lingqian , Li Wen Jung , Xie Zhaoqian , Yu Xinge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWearable electronics have attracted extensive attentions over the past few years for their potential applications in health monitoring based on continuous data collection and real‐time wireless transmission, which highlights the importance of portable powering technologies. Batteries are the most used power source for wearable electronics, but unfortunately, they consist of hazardous materials and are bulky, which limit their incorporation into the state‐of‐art skin‐integrated electronics. Sweat‐activated biocompatible batteries offer a new powering strategy for skin‐like electronics. However, the capacity of the reported sweat‐activated batteries (SABs) cannot support real‐time data collection and wireless transmission. Focused on this issue, soft, biocompatible, SABs are developed that can be directly integrated on skin with a record high capacity of 42.5 mAh and power density of 7.46 mW cm−2 among the wearable sweat and body fluids activated batteries. The high performance SABs enable powering electronic devices for a long‐term duration, for instance, continuously lighting 120 lighting emitting diodes (LEDs) for over 5 h, and also offers the capability of powering Bluetooth wireless operation for real‐time recording of physiological signals for over 6 h. Demonstrations of the SABs for powering microfluidic system based sweat sensors are realized in this work, allowing real‐time monitoring of pH, glucose, and Na+ in sweat.
High Efficiency Water Splitting using Ultrasound Coupled to a BaTiO3 Nanofluid
Authors: Zhang Yan , Khanbareh Hamideh , Dunn Steve , Bowen Chris R , Gong Hanyu , Duy Nguyen Phuc Hoang , Phuong Pham Thi Thuy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo date, a number of studies have reported the use of vibrations coupled to ferroelectric materials for water splitting. However, producing a stable particle suspension for high efficiency and long‐term stability remains a challenge. Here, the first report of the production of a nanofluidic BaTiO3 suspension containing a mixture of cubic and tetragonal phases that splits water under ultrasound is provided. The BaTiO3 particle size reduces from approximately 400 nm to approximately 150 nm during the application of ultrasound and the fine‐scale nature of the particulates leads to the formation of a stable nanofluid consisting of BaTiO3 particles suspended as a nanofluid. Long‐term testing demonstrates repeatable H2 evolution over 4 days with a continuous 24 h period of stable catalysis. A maximum rate of H2 evolution is found to be 270 mmol h–1 g–1 for a loading of 5 mg l–1 of BaTiO3 in 10% MeOH/H2O. This work indicates the potential of harnessing vibrations for water splitting in functional materials and is the first demonstration of exploiting a ferroelectric nanofluid for stable water splitting, which leads to the highest efficiency of piezoelectrically driven water splitting reported to date.
Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Inner Passivating Hole‐Transfer Interlayers of Poly(amic acid)‐Polyimide Copolymer
Authors: Park Jaewoo , Kim Wonsun , Aggawal Yushika , Shin Kichul , Choi Eun Ha , Park Byoungchoo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnsuring the long‐term stability of high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) has remained a great challenge due to their limited lifetime and durability. Herein, a novel functional interlayer consisting of a poly(amic acid)‐polyimide copolymer is introduced for use in OLEDs. It is shown that an OLED sample with a polyimide‐copolymer interlayer exhibits high peak brightness of nearly 96 000 cd m−2 and efficiency of ≈92 cd A−1, much higher than those (≈73 000 cd m−2 and ≈83 cd A−1) of a well‐organized reference OLED. Moreover, the growth of dark spots is strongly suppressed in the sample OLED and the device lifetime is extended considerably. Further, highly stable and uniform large‐area OLEDs are successfully produced when using the interlayer. These improvements are ascribed not only to the excellent film‐forming and hole‐transferring properties but also to the inner passivating capability of the polyimide‐copolymer interlayer. The results here suggest that the introduction of an inner passivating/encapsulating hole‐transferable polyimide‐copolymer interlayer together with conventional external encapsulation technology represents a promising breakthrough that enhances the longevity of high‐performance next‐generation OLEDs.