bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Using Drill Cuttings as Proppants in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Carrascal-Delgado Fabián , Abedi Sara , Hill A. D. , Zhu Ding 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Unconventional reservoirs are commonly drilled using oil-based mud, creating drill cuttings that are contaminated with hydrocarbons. Drill cuttings disposal is regulated by the state. The drill cuttings are usually disposed of by trucking them to a landfill. The economic and environmental impact is a challenge to the industry. In this study, we have investigated the feasibility of disposing of drill cuttings at the well site by mixing them into the proppant slurry as a part of the proppant during multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. Our study focused on whether the addition of drill cuttings, often composed of very fine particles, significantly impair the conductivity of the proppant pack created in the reservoir. The study provides an environmentally friendly solution to the drill cutting disposal problem with the procedures and limitations, and it helps to reduce the cost of fracturing operations.
Using actual drill cuttings samples from an Eagle Ford well, we have measured the fracture conductivity of mixtures of proppant and drill cuttings for a wide range of drill cuttings fractions. The cuttings-sand mixtures were evaluated following a modified API RP-61 procedure. A conductivity cell was used to perform short-term conductivity experiments applying dry nitrogen gas as fluid, with closure stress applied in incremental steps of 1000 psi from 1000 to 6000 psi. The cuttings were evaluated wet, as received from the rig site after mechanical separation on site, and dried, after being washed for removal of drilling fluid, to compare the effect of drilling fluid in conductivity responses. The effect of cuttings size and chemical composition on conductivity was also studied. 40/70 and 100 mesh sand were used as the proppant.
The results showed that adding up to 25% drill cuttings to the proppant pack had an insignificant effect on the fracture conductivity. The 100-mesh sand proppant retained conductivity with drill cuttings added somewhat better than the 40/70 mesh sand proppant. Because the volume of drill cuttings created in drilling even a quite long lateral is much less than the volume of proppant pumped in just a single stage, our results show that drill cuttings could be disposed of by adding them to the proppant slurry at a rate less than 25% of the proppant rate without causing any deleterious effect on the fracture conductivity created.
Analysis of Current Variation Through a Field Effect Transistor Based on Asymmetric Zigzag Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kheiri Golshad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Field effect transistors are a group of transistors in which the current is controlled by an electric field. Due to the fact that in these transistors only one type of charge carrier (free electron or hole) is involved in generating electric current, they can be considered as monopolar transistors as opposed to bipolar transistors (which carry both majority and minority at the same time. Are involved in them). Field effect transistors have source, drain, and gate tripods. Field effect transistors can be considered as a voltage sensitive device whose input impedance is very high (about 1014 ohms) and its output impedance is relatively high. Nanotube-based field effect transistors are one of the most useful devices used in future electronic applications. In this type of transistors, metal electrodes act as springs and wells on both sides, and the carbon nanotube between the two acts as a conduit for the carriers. Due to the special properties of carbon nanotubes and their resemblance to quantum wires, we call it a one-dimensional system that does not allow carriers to disperse and thus transfer along it. It will be ballistic. The main issue in this research is to calculate the current passing through a nanotube and mention its importance.
Efficient Approaches to Optimize Energy Consumption in 3D Wireless Video Sensor Network under the Coverage and Connectivity Constraints
Authors: Bairagi Kishalay , Mitra Sulata , Bhattacharya Uma 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Two advanced approaches (PA_1, and PA_2) based on a realistic 3D model of video sensor nodes (VSNs) deployed over a 2D target area are proposed to minimize energy consumption in the network maintaining area coverage and connectivity. Reducing the number of active VSNs decreases energy consumption, but lessens area coverage and connectivity too. These conflicting issues are resolved and an optimal solution is obtained by using an integer linear programming based approach PA_1. The problem being an NP-Hard one, PA_1 is not tractable for large instances, and a heuristic PA_2 based on an advanced genetic algorithm, is also developed to obtain the near-optimal solution. Simulation studies are carried out to compare the performance of PA_1, and PA_2 with the other three state-of-the-art approaches (APP_5, APP_6, and ET_3). Among three existing approaches, APP_6/(ET_3) is the best in energy consumption/(area coverage). It is observed that for the same simulation environment, both PA_1, and PA_2 guarantee higher network services, by reducing energy consumption by 40.85% and 33.34% respectively compared to the best existing approach APP_6; and as well as by increasing area coverage by 0.94% than the best existing approach ET_3 for the node density 150 on the target area of size 75x75 square meter. Between PA_1 and PA_2, PA_2 generates sub-optimal solution and PA_1 substantiates its superiority by reducing energy consumption by 11.26% than PA_2 without losing area coverage for the same simulation environment.
Skin-inspired scalable superhydrophobic coatings with strong mechano-chemical-thermal robustness
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Bu Xinyu , li wanbo , Ji Xingxiang , Tao Furong , Gai Ligang , Jiang Haihui , Liu Libin , Wang Zuankai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Designing environment-friendly, scalable superhydrophobic coatings with a wide spectrum of robustness in mechanochemical strength, interfacial adhesion, and flame retardancy is critical to low-carbon economy and green environment, especially for green buildings. Simultaneously achieving these preferred functionalities dominated by either interfacial or bulky properties has proved challenging. Herein, we propose an integral skin-inspired triple-layered coating (STC) that resolves conflicting demands imposed by individual features on the structure, component, and thermal property of materials. The STC demonstrates sustained anti-wetting and anti-corrosion even under harsh environments, strong adhesion and anti-abrasion, and excellent flame retardancy, all of which enhance its durability and lifetime so as to eliminate the maintenance and repair, thereby reducing cost and energy consumption. Together with facile spraying fabrication process, our STC paves the way to construct a green and resource-saving society.
Trigonometric Shock Waves in the Kaup-Boussinesq System
Authors: Ivanov Sergey , Kamchatnov Anatoly 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We consider the modulationally stable version of the Kaup-Boussinesq system which models propagation of nonlinear waves in various physical situations. It is shown that the Whitham modulation equations for this model have a new type of solutions which describe trigonometric shock waves. In the Gurevich-Pitaevskii problem of evolution of an initial discontinuity these solutions correspond to a non-zero wave excitation on one of the sides of the discontinuity. As a result, the problem of evolution of a trigonometric shock propagating along a rarefaction wave is developed. Our analytical results are confirmed by numerical calculations.
Assessing the Impact of Pro-Environmental Factors on Sustainable Gasoline Consumption and Pollution Control by Saudi Arabian Residents
Authors: Khan Sania 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Saudi Arabia is one of the most oil-rich countries in the world, and oil production is the country's primary source of income. The aspects of greenhouse gas emissions and the harm they cause to the environment and residents were overlooked because of the continuous emphasis on economic growth and a high reliance on oil resources. Consequently, the environmental issues have become challenging for residents and questionable for industries. Despite various environmental awareness and pollution control studies around the world, Saudi Arabia's pollution rate appears to be increasing. The study attempted to understand the impact of pro-environmental factors on pollution control and sustainable gasoline consumption in order to fill a research gap in the literature. Environmental awareness, self-efficacy and self-identity, ecological attitude, contextual factors, and social norms were considered as factors to investigate local residents’ sustainable consumption and pollution control behaviour. The primary data was collected from 216 local residents and analyzed using multiple regression. The results demonstrated the positive significant impact of pro-environmental variables on sustainable consumption and efforts to pollution control. The study further presents practical implications for the Saudi government and environmentalists.
CXCL1/CXCR2 is Involved in White Matter Injury in Neonatal Rats via the Gut-Brain Axis
Authors: Yang Can , Feng Zhiyuan , Deng Hong , Dai Lu , He Ling , Yin Linlin , Zhao Jing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate whether CXCL1/CXCR2 mediates intestinal injury or white matter injury by delivering inflammatory mediators through the gut-brain regulation axis.Methods: Immature rats were administered 3% dextran sulfate sodium via intragastric administration at different time points to construct necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) models. Meanwhile, hypoxia and ischemia were induced in 3–7-day-old rats to construct hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) and NEC+HIBI models. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes in neonatal rat intestinal and brain tissues. Western blotting detected CXCL1 and CXCR2 expression in NEC, HIBI, and NEC+HIBI rat intestinal and brain tissues.Results: Compared with normal rats, pathological damage to periventricular white matter was observed in the NEC group. Furthermore, neonatal rats in the HIBI and NEC+HIBI groups showed inflammation and necrosis in the intestinal tissues. Western blotting results suggested that CXCL1 and CXCR2 expression levels were upregulated to varying degrees in the intestinal and brain tissues of NEC, HIBI, and NEC+HIBI neonatal rats compared to that in the normal group. Compared with the HIBI group, the expression of CXCL1 and CXCR2 continued to increase in NEC+HIBI rats at different time points.Conclusions: CXCL1/CXCR2 may be involved in white matter injury in neonatal rats by delivering intestinal inflammatory mediators through the gut-brain axis.
Suppression of iNOS/HIF-1α/MMP-9/α-SMA/collagen Axis of Fibrosis and Systemic Hypertension in Thioacetamide-induced Liver Injury by Resveratrol
Authors: Ebrahim Hasnaa , Kamar Samaa , Haidara Mohamed , Latif Noha Abdel , Ellatif Mohamed Abd , Al-Ani Bahjat , Dawood Amal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Chronic liver injury can lead to hepatic failure and the only available method of treatment would be liver transplantation. The link between nitrosative stress (iNOS), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis and hypertension in treatment with the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, resveratrol (RES) was not investigated before. Consequently, we injected rats with either 200 mg/kg TAA for 8 weeks starting at week 2 (model group) or pretreated them before TAA injections with RES (20mg/kg) for two weeks and continued on RES and TAA until being culled at week 10 (protective group). In the model group, we documented the induction of hepatic fibrosis and upregulation of tissue iNOS, HIF-1α, and the pro-fibrotic biomarkers α-SMA and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) that was significantly (p ≤ 0.0014) ameliorated by RES. RES also significantly (p ≤ 0.0232) reduced triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), very low-density lipoprotein (vLDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) induction by TAA. Also, a significant (p<0.0001) positive correlation between iNOS/HIF-1α/α-SMA/collagen axis and hypertension and liver injury biomarkers was observed. These findings indicate that the hepatotoxic compound, TAA augments iNOS/HIF-1α/MMP-9/α-SMA/collagen mediated fibrosis and hypertension, and is inhibited by RES for 10 weeks.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Application of Terbium and Sulfur Co-doped Titanium Nanomaterials
Authors: Wang Zhencui , Wang Yuanjiao , Tang Tianle 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Titanium-based nanomaterials co-doped with terbium (Tb) and sulfur (S) were fabricated by sol-gel method via a facile step. Physicochemical properties of the resulting composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Methylene blue (MB) was used as a degradation target for evaluating the photocatalytic performance. The factors which influence the photocatalytic activity were investigated, including calcined temperatures and S doping amount. Tb, S (2 wt%) co-doped TiO2 composite calcined at 600°C exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity with a degradation rate of 72.4% in 3 h. The reaction constant was 0.11529, 0.26025, 0.35038, and 0.41462 h−1 for undoped TiO2, Tb-doped TiO2, S-doped TiO2, and Tb, S co-doped TiO2, respectively. Importantly, synergistic effect of terbium and sulfur dopants was profoundly discussed. Furthermore, recycling tests and acute toxicity experiments were carried out to confirm the reusability and biosafety of Tb, S co-doped TiO2.
Transcriptome Analysis of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Myocardium in Repaired TOF Patients with Pulmonary Regurgitation Revealed the Genetic Features of the Right Ventricle Dysfunction
Authors: Fan Qiang , Ling Yunfei , Wang Yabo , Luo Shuhua , An Qi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect. Surgical repair can prolong the survival time of TOF patients, but the right ventricle (RV) function of repaired TOF (rTOF) patients will gradually deteriorate because of the residual pulmonary regurgitation (PR). Although pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) can delay the progression of RV dysfunction, it cannot avoid the ultimate RV failure. We conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of RV outflow track (RVOT) myocardium specimens collected from 6 rTOF patients with PR to define the genetic features of RV dysfunction in this set of patients. We found significant differential expression of a total of 30 genes among which 15 genes were up-regulated and the other 15 genes were down-regulated. There differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched for the biological pathways ‘calcium signaling’, ‘cAMP signaling’, ‘Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes’ and ‘Dopaminergic synapse’. This study presents the first global comparative transcriptome profiling of RV dysfunction using RNA-seq and reveals the different gene expression pattern in rTOF patients with PR. These findings have potential translational value because they identify new candidate prognostic markers and targets for the treatment of RV dysfunction.
Dynamic Behavior and Stability Analysis of Nonlinear Modes in the Fourth Order Generalized Ginzburg-Landau Model with Near PT-symmetric Potentials
Authors: Zhang Jiarui , Zhang Jiaqi , Zheng Zhaolin , Lin Da , Shen Yujia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We investigate the fourth order generalized Ginzburg-Landau equation (GGLE) which can be widely used in hydrodynamics and nonlinear optics. There are three major ingredients. Firstly, bilinear form of the fourth order GGLE is obtained by means of Hirota method. Then we get the analytical soliton solution with different dynamic behaviors in two cases, corresponding to the constant and variable coefficients respectively. Secondly, some numerical simulations with near PT-symmetric potentials are carried out. When the potential is closer to conventional PT-symmetric potential, the nonlinear modes tend to unstable. But by increasing the value of imaginary part of potentials, It can be found that the amplitude of nonlinear mode is periodically oscillating. Thirdly, we consider the excitations of nonlinear modes and get some stable cases that have not been acquired in second part.
Determination of Toxic Metals Burden and Related Risk Factors in Pregnant Women: A Biological Monitoring in Sabzevar, Iran
Authors: Hadavifar Mojtaba , Mohammadnia Esmail , Rasaeifar Sahar , Miri Hamid Heidarian , Rastakhiz Mitra , Souvizi Behnaz , Mohammad-Zadeh Mohammad , Akrami Rahim , Kazemi Ali 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Nowadays, the adverse effect of toxic metals on humans is well-known especially in the fetal period such as preventing cognitive development and congenital abnormalities of the central nervous system.
Methods

This study aims to evaluate the toxic metals burden in mothers and newborns in Sabzevar. One hundred eighty samples including placental blood and umbilical cord blood were taken from ninety mothers referred to Shahidan Mobini Hospital for delivery. The samples were analyzed using inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES).
Results

The results of this study revealed that 21.52%, 26.19%, and 60.71% of maternal blood samples (placental blood) and 16.47%, 56.47% and 20% of umbilical cord blood samples were higher than the US centers for disease control (CDC) recommended levels for Pb, Cd and As respectively. According to the multiple linear regression analysis, the Pb (p=0.054), As (p<0.001), and Se (p <0.001) levels had an association with the mother's living area. Also, there is significant association between Se (0.021) and age of the mother.
Conclusion

However, the Se values in its optimum concentrations in the blood (60-140 µg/L) can decrease the adverse effects of toxic metals, 72.5% of the pregnant women had Se values below the 60 µg/L and only 6% of pregnant women had Se levels higher than 140 µg/L. We concluded that the mothers inhabiting in the rural areas need more Se sources in their diets.
Reinforce Learning-Based Collision Avoidance in Network Assisted Automated Driving
Authors: chen yu , Han Wei , Zhu Qinghua , Liu Yong , Zhao Jingya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the field of autonomous driving, obstacle avoidance is of great significance for safe driving. At present, in addition to traditional obstacle avoidance algorithms including VFH algorithm, artificial potential field method, a large number of related researches are focused on algorithms based on vision and neural networks. Researches on these algorithms have achieved some results, and some of which have completed real road tests. However, most of algorithms consider only local environmental information which may cause local optimum in complex driving environments. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the environmental information beyond the sensor's perceptual ability for autonomous driving in complex environment. In the network assisted automated driving system, networked vehicles can obtain road obstacles’ and condition information through roadside sensors and mobile network, so as to gain extra sensing ability. Therefore, network assisted automated driving is of great significance in obstacle avoidance. Under this background, this paper presents an automatic driving obstacle avoidance strategy combining path planning and reinforcement learning. At first, a global optimal path is planned through global information, then merge the global optimal path and vehicle information into a vector. Use this vector as input of reinforcement learning neural network and output vehicle control signals to follow optimal path while avoiding obstacles.
Performance and Meat Quality of West African Dwarf (WAD) Sheep Fed with Improved Dried Elephant Grass Supplemented with Legume Straw Under Different Rearing Systems
Authors: Ishola Hakeem - , Abdulrahman Ololade Latifat , Ambali Yusuf Olatunji , Olooto Felicia Motunrayo , Nafiu Nofiu Babatunde , Ayanda Ibrahim Folorunsho 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
8 weeks growth and meat quality of WAD sheep study were carried out to compare the digestibility of improved dried elephant grass (EG) (Pennisetum purpureum) supplemented with legume straw (LS) (Lablab purpureus) reared under indoor feeding system (IFS) and free grazing (FG). Twenty-four male west African dwarf (WAD) winner sheep with initial average body weight of 16 ± 0.5kg were assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design arrangement. Treatments consisted of T1 (sheep on EG and LS free grazing), indoor feeding system IFS; T2 (EG 80%, LS 20%), T3 (EG 70%, LS 30%) and T4 (EG 60%, LS 40%). The results showed that the final body weight of sheep on indoor feeding system T4 differed significantly (P < 0.05) from that of sheep on free grazing, T2 and T3. Physico-chemical properties were better in sheep meat on IFS (EG 60%, LS 40%) compared with other system including FG, control treatment. The sensory perception and fatty acid profiles of sheep meat on IFS were better compared with the sheep meat on FG system. These results showed that rearing of WAD sheep on indoor feeding system were better in terms of growth performance and its meat quality and could serve as an alternative to free grazing especially in region where there are incessant clashes between herders and crop farmers.
Modified Van der Pol-Helmholtz oscillator equation with exact harmonic solutions
Authors: AKPLOGAN Abdou Raimi Olagnika , ADJAÏ Kolawolé Kêgnidé Damien , AKANDE Jean , AVOSSEVOU Gabriel Y. H. , MONSIA Marc Delphin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present an exceptional Lienard equation consisting of a modified Van der Pol-Helmholtz oscillator equation. The equation, a frequency-dependent damping oscillator, does not satisfy the classical existence theorems but, nevertheless, has an isochronous centre at the origin. We exhibit the exact and explicit general harmonic and isochronous solutions by using the first integral approach. The numerical results match very well analytical solutions.Mathematics Subject Classi cation (2010). 34A05, 34A12, 34A34, 34C25, 34C60.
Numerical Simulation of a Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) Event Over Northern India Using WRF Modelling System
Authors: Wasson Gitesh , Das Someshwar , Panda S. K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Atmospheric turbulence is a primary meteorological hazard to en-route air traffic. The role of Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) for various processes in the atmosphere is still ambiguous. An Air India flight AI462 encountered severe CAT on 19 April 2018. The present study simulates the CAT event and is focused on understanding and investigating favourable conditions for the occurrence of CAT. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model V4.0.3 has been used to simulate the turbulence. The 6-hourly NCEP FNL Operational Global Analysis data at 0.25° X 0.25° resolution is taken as input to provide the model's initial and lateral boundary conditions. For simulating the atmospheric environments at the time of the event, Yonsei University Scheme, WSM 3-Class Simple Ice Scheme, Kain-Fritsch (New-Eta) Scheme, Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM) Scheme, and Revised MM5 Monin-Obukhov Scheme are used. This study shows that Vertical Velocity, Geopotential Thickness, Wind Shear and Bulk Richardson Number Shear are correlated with CAT as the model predicted both upward and downward velocity very close to each other between 400 hPa and 550 hPa levels along with strong geopotential thickness gradient and strong wind shear gradient near the accident location. This could lead to CAT. Model simulated variations in CAT Index with change in time and pressure levels. CAT dissipates as we go higher in the atmosphere above 550 hPa.