bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public health awareness of climate change's impact on health
Authors: Zust Barbara , Jost Rose 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveClimate change impacts the public's health. People are at risk for extreme weather events in the 21st century. The purpose of this study was to assess Public Health agencies’ awareness of climate change's impact on health, and what protective and preventive strategies the agencies have in place.MethodUsing mixed method research, a survey was designed to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Following IRB approval, surveys were sent to eight Public Health agencies in the USA's rural and urban Midwest, and rural Alaska.AnalysisQuantitative data were analyzed using simple frequencies and means. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and Public Health frameworks.ResultsThirty‐three agency personnel completed the surveys. All agencies identified emerging, new health problems. Seven agencies had climate change doubters and/or opposition from the community regarding climate change reality. All eight agencies were underfunded.ConclusionPublic Health agencies need financial resources to prepare for climate change threats and events. Climate change is a global reality. The world needs to collectively work together on this issue.
Innovation and partnerships: Meeting the health care needs of a houseless population
Authors: Fox Kelly , Benes Lindsay L. , Harrington Emily 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAchieving health equity in the houseless population will take innovation, collaboration, and forward‐thinking alternative models of health care. Using a foundation of disruptive innovation and an evidence‐based care model, a group of nurses drew upon established partnerships to create Oregon's first nurse‐owned and fully nurse‐operated clinic serving the houseless population. The Harrington Health Clinic offers primary care, mental and behavioral health care, health and wellness, palliative care, and telemedicine services to men in a transitional housing program. Since its launch in January 2021, the clinic has served over 100 men spanning nearly 400 visits. The clinic attributes much of its success to registered nurses and nurse practitioners operating at the top of their scope, an academic affiliation that promotes learning‐centered practices, and partnership with organizations similarly committed to just and equitable care. Through high quality, equitable primary care, this nurse managed and owned clinic has created a replicable solution that can impact houseless populations across the country.
Age differences in neural response to reward and loss in children
Authors: Gibb Brandon E. , Tsypes Aliona , Israel Elana , Owens Max 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe goal of this study was to examine age‐related differences in children’s reward processing. Focusing on reward outcome processing, we used event‐related potentials to examine substages of neural response to gain versus loss feedback in a sample of 7–11‐year‐old children (M = 9.67, SD = 1.40) recruited from the community (N = 234; 47.6% girls, 66.2% non‐Hispanic European American). Using principal components analysis (PCA), we focused on temporospatial combinations that closely resembled the RewP, fb‐P3, and fb‐LPP in temporal and spatial distributions. Two of these, the PCA factors reflecting the RewP and fb‐LPP, demonstrated age‐related differences in response to gains versus losses. Age‐related changes in the RewP were specific to gain feedback, with RewP amplitudes to gain, but not loss, increasing from middle to late childhood. In contrast, age‐related changes in fb‐LPP were specific to loss feedback, with fb‐LPP amplitudes to losses, but not gains, decreasing from middle to late childhood. Follow‐up analyses revealed that children younger than age 8 exhibited larger fb‐LPP responses to loss than gain, whereas children older than age 10 exhibited larger RewP responses to gain than loss. Similar results were obtained using mean amplitude‐based ERP indices and the results do not appear to have been due to age‐related differences in the latency or location of the ERPs themselves. These results highlight the importance of examining distinct substages of reward outcome processing and suggest that robust neural responses to loss feedback may emerge earlier in childhood than responses to gains.
Structural insights into proteins from white spot syndrome virus: Perspectives on structure‐based anti‐viral strategies
Authors: Datta Aritreyee , Hossain Shaikh Nausad , Mohapatra Chinmayee , Vasudevan Dileep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes severe disease in crustaceans, specifically shrimp, leading to substantial economic losses to the aquaculture industry. Existing treatment methods fail to sufficiently curb the occurrence and spread of the disease, necessitating the development of effective control and treatment strategies. Structural studies have primarily focused on envelope proteins and a few non‐structural proteins involved in host entry, viral replication, viral assembly and host immune evasion, thus presenting themselves as potential drug targets. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the insights gained from such structural elucidations to contribute to developing novel therapeutic strategies. In addition, we touch upon the current and future perspectives towards structure‐based drug or vaccine development against WSSV.
Self‐perceptions moderate the effect of implicit theories on preadolescent's attributions of their positive and negative social experiences
Authors: Commisso Melissa , Bukowski William M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAssociations between implicit theories of personality, perceived social competence, and attributions to explain positive and negative outcomes in social tasks were examined in a study of 103 fifth‐ and sixth‐grade girls and boys. Consistent with the basic model formulated by Dweck and Leggett (1988), it was hypothesized that having an entity, rather than an incremental, perspective would vary as a function of the degree to which children had a positive view of their social competence. The results showed that an entity theory of personality was associated with emphasis on the importance of personal characteristics and task difficulty following social failure, whereas an incremental theory was associated with emphasis on the importance of task ease following social success. High scores on the positive perceived social competence measure were associated with emphasis on the importance of personal characteristics, effort and task ease following social success and the importance of personal characteristics, luck and task difficulty following social failure. Preadolescents with an entity theory of personality were less likely to make attributions of personal characteristics and task difficulty to social failure if they had a positive view of their social competence. Preadolescents with an incremental theory of personality were not likely to make these attributions about social failure regardless of whether they viewed their social competencies as positive. These findings indicate that the association between entity and incremental views and social attributions needs to be considered in conjunction with perceptions of the self. They provided support for Deck and Leggett's (1988) model.
Safe handovers: Safe patients‐why good quality structured handovers in the transfusion laboratory are important
Authors: Tuckley Victoria , Davies Jennifer , Poles Debbi , Robbie Chris , Narayan Shruthi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEffective transfer of information relating to patient care is vital in healthcare. In the UK formal handover is an established and well reported process in the clinical setting but less so in transfusion laboratories. Blood transfusions occur within many hospital specialities and across clinical and laboratory staff shifts, making robust handover critical for safe practice. Failure to adequately transfer information relating to pending or ongoing provision of blood components during shift handover in the laboratory can have an adverse impact on patient care.AimsTo identify transfusion errors where laboratory handover was considered a contributory factor.Materials and methodsSerious adverse events and reactions reported to the UK haemovigilance scheme, Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT), involving handover in the transfusion laboratory were reviewed for a 6‐year period.ResultsLaboratory incidents involving handover were mainly associated with incorrect blood component transfused—specific requirements not met (IBCT‐SRNM) and delays in provision of blood components transfusion, with 16.6% of these cases involving major haemorrhage situations. Handover was found to be insufficient in most cases, no handover was completed in 29.5% of cases, inadequate written handover accounted for 14.8% cases, and inadequate verbal for 5.7% of cases.DiscussionPoor handover can lead to laboratory errors, particularly delays in provision of blood components. Embedding effective handover processes in the laboratory and including handover time within the shift working pattern, may help reduce errors and ensure continuity of care.ConclusionHandover should be considered a task that is built into laboratory routine practices, ensuring effective transfer of information and appropriate follow up actions are taken. SHOT have created a handover template which can be adopted in laboratories to formalise this process.
Velocity Field Level Set Method Incorporating Topological Derivatives for Topology Optimization
Authors: Wang Yaguang , Yang Handong , Kang Zhan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The velocity field level set method constructs the velocity field by velocity design variables and basis functions, and thus facilitates the use of general optimizers while still retaining the level set-based implicit topological representation. This paper incorporates the topological derivative concept into the velocity field level set method to enable automatic nucleation of interior holes. In each design iteration, a specified volume fraction of new holes is inserted at locations with smaller values of topological derivatives. Thus, the method provides a way to directly change the structural topology during the boundary evolution using the velocity field based on the shape sensitivity. Compared with the original velocity field level set method, the current implementation can further accelerate the topological and shape evolution during the optimization process. More importantly, the capability of hole nucleation eliminates the need of prescribing initial holes and thus alleviates the dependency of the optimized design on the initial design. Several numerical examples in both 2D and 3D design domains are presented to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.
A General Theory and Analytical Solutions for Post-Buckling Behaviors of Thin Sheets
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Qiu Xinghan , Wang Changguo , Liu Yuanpeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A robust and general theory is of great importance to understanding the mechanism of wrinkling, describing its behaviors and guiding the design of thin sheets. Two widely accepted theories, tension-field theory (Wagner, 1929) and thin-film theory (Cerda and Mahadevan, 2003), have been successfully used in predicting the location and pattern of wrinkling and defining critical conditions for its onset, but they have failed to describe the post-buckling behaviors (i.e., bifurcations, increasing wavenumber, and corresponding changes in morphology). In this paper, we propose a new theory of wrinkling that considers the effects of both mechanical and geometrical characteristics of thin sheets on the spatial variation in wrinkles and is valid for the general problems of post-buckling analyses. By circumventing the Föppl–von Kármán equations, the theory offers a compelling complement to thin-film theory and provides analytical details of wrinkles, especially for closed form of post-buckling behaviors. An energy barrier is introduced to assess the configurational changes of wrinkles as they evolve. Three typical examples are selected for validating the robustness of the theory and exploring its implications. More broadly, the present work provides important guidelines for eliminating wrinkles in thin sheet structures.
Efficient Joining Sequence Variation Analysis of Stochastic Batch Assemblies
Authors: Tabar Roham Sadeghi , Lindkvist Lars , Wärmefjord Kristina , Söderberg Rikard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Geometric variation causes functional and aesthetic problems in the assemblies. The challenge is predicting the moments of the distribution of geometric deviations of assemblies to evaluate compliance with the set requirements. The joining operation, i.e., resistant spot welding (RSW), is one of the most crucial steps in the assembly process of nonrigid components, imposing forces on the parts and causes bending and deformation during the assembly, consequently contributing considerably to the final geometric outcome of the assembly. To model the behavior of the assembly realistically and achieve accurate simulation results, considering the sequence of joining is essential. In a digital twin of the assembly process, joining sequences need to be provided for the optimal geometric outcome of the batch of assemblies. The sequence optimization of the joining processes is a time-consuming combinatorial problem to solve. Variation analysis of nonrigid assemblies with stochastic part inputs, including optimal joining sequences, requires an extensive amount of the computational effort. More efficient approaches for evaluating assembly geometric variation are desired. In this article, a computationally efficient approach is proposed for geometric variation analysis and optimization of nonrigid assemblies with stochastic part inputs with respect to the RSW sequences. A clustering approach is proposed categorizing the incoming parts based on the part variation. Sequence optimization is performed, and geometric variation is analyzed for each cluster. The results show that the proposed method drastically reduces the computation time needed for sequence optimization compared to individualized optimization for each assembly.
Concise and Effective Network for 3D Human Modeling From Orthogonal Silhouettes
Authors: Liu Bin , Liu Xiuping , Yang Zhixin , Wang Charlie C. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article, we revisit the problem of 3D human modeling from two orthogonal silhouettes of individuals (i.e., front and side views). Different from our previous work (Wang et al. (2003, “Virtual Human Modeling From Photographs for Garment Industry,” Comput. Aided Des., 35, pp. 577–589).), a supervised learning approach based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) is investigated to solve the problem by establishing a mapping function that can effectively extract features from two silhouettes and fuse them into coefficients in the shape space of human bodies. A new CNN structure is proposed in our work to extract not only the discriminative features of front and side views but also their mixed features for the mapping function. 3D human models with high accuracy are synthesized from coefficients generated by the mapping function. Existing CNN approaches for 3D human modeling usually learn a large number of parameters (from 8.5 M to 355.4 M) from two binary images. Differently, we investigate a new network architecture and conduct the samples on silhouettes as the input. As a consequence, more accurate models can be generated by our network with only 2.4 M coefficients. The training of our network is conducted on samples obtained by augmenting a publicly accessible dataset. Learning transfer by using datasets with a smaller number of scanned models is applied to our network to enable the function of generating results with gender-oriented (or geographical) patterns.
Water Hammers Exploded the Nuclear Power Plants at Fukushima Daiichi
Authors: Leishear Robert A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A fundamental contemporary theory, the Leishear explosion theory, explains major explosions at Three Mile Island and Fukushima Daiichi. Focusing on the Fukushima Daiichi explosions as well as many small nuclear power plant explosions, auto-ignited explosions hammered the largest seismic response at Unit 1 on Mar. 12, 2011. At Unit 3 on Mar. 14, a visibly larger explosion ignited with an observed fireball and smoke cloud but lower seismic forces. On Mar. 15, a Unit 2 reactor system explosion ignited hydrogen in the Unit 4 reactor building to cause damages following ignition, and seismic responses were negligible. Note that a Unit 2 reactor building explosion did not occur, and this fact is questionably attributed to the destructive removal of one of the walls of Unit 2 due to the earlier Unit 1 explosion. All of these explosions were ignited by fluid transients that exploded flammable hydrogen that was created during nuclear reactor core meltdowns, which were initiated by loss of power due to a tsunami. The conclusions presented here build upon earlier publications, where fluid transients auto-ignite hydrogen to explode buildings. In addition, research from Argonne National Laboratory provides background to explain this common cause for nuclear power plant explosions. Although different than the Argonne report conclusions, conclusions here are consistent with observations provided by the Argonne report. New ideas challenge existing beliefs, but the stakes are high since nuclear reactor safety is important to prevent loss of life and catastrophic environmental damages. The next nuclear power plant explosion can be stopped!
Efficient Neutron Irradiation Procedure for Uniform Dopant Distributions in Silicon Doping
Authors: Mohamed Nader M. A. , Osman Mosa , Abdelrazek Ibrahim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Neutron transmutation doping (NTD) is one of the several techniques used for n-type doping with good homogeneity. NTD performances were investigated in this work within a project funded by the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Egypt, for the “production of doped Silicon Wafers for Solar Panels and Basic Electronics,” 2015–2018. The Egypt second research reactor (ETRR-2) has two irradiation positions for silicon doping using NTD. The two positions can accommodate silicon ingots with large diameters up to six inches. One crucial parameter that affects the quality of the product is the distribution of the dopant in the irradiated ingot. The irradiation facility provides the option of rotating the sample during irradiation for flattening the radial distribution of the dopant. Since the neutron flux is not flat along the irradiation position due to leakage and the effect of control rods, the generated dopant will be not flat along the axial direction. To overcome this problem, this paper proposed an irradiation procedure to smooth the dopant distribution along the axial direction. Such procedure can be applied for NTD facilities that has not an acceptable axial neutron flux distribution in silicon doping process. The procedure is based on loading the irradiation position by two ingots staked end to end and, at the middle of the irradiation duration, the two ingots swap their places. This strategy was verified by MCNP5 calculations and experimentally.
Coupled Heat Transfer Properties of Aluminum/Titanium Alloy Plates With Kerosene Active Cooling
Authors: Hu Guohao , Zhong Fengquan , Du Mengmeng , Wang Qinyang , Kang Honglin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Active cooling is an effective thermal protection method for plates under high thermal loading. In this paper, characteristics of coupled heat transfer of aluminum alloy and titanium alloy plates with kerosene active cooling are studied numerically and experimentally. The effects of cooling channel spacing as well as the inlet parameters of kerosene on the maximum temperature and temperature uniformity of the plate are investigated with varied heat fluxes. Besides, the thermal resistance and flow resistance of kerosene cooling are also analyzed. The experimental results show that the 2a12-type aluminum alloy plate can be cooled to a maximum temperature of 460 K with kerosene cooling under a mass flowrate of 24.7 g/s and heat flux of 6–11 kW/m2. The numerical results show that the maximum temperature is mainly affected by the channel spacing and heat flux. Compared to the titanium alloy plate, the aluminum alloy plate is more likely to be affected by the coolant mass flowrate. In addition, the conductive thermal resistance of aluminum alloy plates is 0.0017–0.0079 m2 K/W and is 0.015–0.073 m2 K/W for titanium alloy plates. For both materials, conductive thermal resistance dominates the total thermal resistance of plates with active cooling.
Investigations on the Cycle Performance of a Diffusion Absorption Heat Transformer Using HCOOK as an Alternative to LiBr
Authors: Wang Shikuan , Liu Yilun , Wang Qin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A diffusion absorption heat transformer (AHT) is very potential to improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce carbon emission, because it can be totally driven by waste heat without electricity consumption. On the base of a simulation model, the cycle performance of a diffusion absorption heat transformer using HCOOK-H2O-R134a-TEGDME and LiBr-H2O-R134a-TEGDME is compared under specified temperatures of Generator A, Generator B, evaporator, condenser, low-temperature (LT) absorber, and high-temperature (HT) absorber. The influences of six temperatures on cycle performance are assessed and coefficient of performance (COP) is found more sensitive to the temperatures of Generator B and high-temperature absorber. High COP corresponds to small diffusion gas supply ratio and small proportion of the heat input to Generator A in the total thermal power input. The employment of HCOOK instead of LiBr is beneficial to increasing COP in optimized conditions. In the design temperature conditions, COP can be increased from 0.170 to 0.178 in the system using HCOOK instead of LiBr. Meanwhile, diffusion gas supply ratio, proportion of the heat input to Generator A, and pumping ratio (PR) of Lifting Tube B can be decreased to 0.368, 0.022, and 0.098, respectively. The diffusion absorption heat transformer will provide a new way to lift the temperature of low-grade heat for more availability without electricity input and improve the energy utilization efficiency.
Comprehensive Numerical Analysis on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger With Fins
Authors: Lu Peng , Yang Qinshan , Wei Jian , Wu Peiyang , Huang Hulin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE), as a high-efficiency and compact heat exchanger, shows a high potential in high temperature, high pressure, and some extreme environments, thus, it is widely used in nuclear power generation, refrigeration, aerospace, etc. In this paper, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of heat transfer channels with different fins were numerically analyzed, by changing helium inlet temperature and mass flowrate. The results indicate that, with the increase of helium mass flowrate, Nusselt number and pressure loss grow, while Colburn factor and Fanning friction factor drop. As helium inlet temperature rises, Nusselt number, Colburn factor, and pressure loss grow, whereas Fanning friction factor decreases. In addition, the heat transfer characteristics of the channels with different fins are higher than that of the finless channel, among which the circular finned channel has the best heat transfer performance. In spite of a slightly degraded flow performance, the comprehensive performance of the finned channels is superior to that of the finless channel, and the elliptical finned channel has the best performance, followed by airfoil finned channel and circular finned channel.