bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive enteric glial cells participate in paralytic ileus by damaging nitrergic neurons during endotoxemia
Authors: Li Na , Xu Jing , Gao Hui , Zhang Yuxin , Li Yansong , Chang Haiqing , Tan Shuwen , Li Shuang , Wang Qiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Paralytic ileus is common in patients with septic shock, which may cause high morbidity and mortality. Enteric neurons and enteric glial cells (EGCs) participate in the regulation of intestinal motility, but little is known about their interaction in endotoxemia. We aim to investigate whether reactive EGCs have harmful effects on enteric neurons and participate in intestinal motility disorder in mice during endotoxemia. Methods: In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce endotoxemia in mice, and intraperitoneal injections of fluorocitrate (FC) before LPS injections to inhibit the reactive EGCs. The effects of reactive EGCs on intestinal motility were analyzed by motility assays in vivo and colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) ex-vivo. The number of enteric neurons was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining HuCD, nNOS and CHAT in vivo. In addition, we stimulated EGCs with IL-1β and TNF-α in vitro and cultured the primary enteric neurons in the conditioned medium, detecting the apoptosis and morphology of neurons through staining TUNEL, cleaved Caspase-3 protein and Anti-β-III tubulin.Results: The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was significantly upregulated in LPS-injected animals, indicating EGCs were transformed into a reactive state. Inhibition of reactive EGCs improved intestinal motility and peristaltic reflex, and increased the density of the neuronal population in the colonic myenteric plexus significantly, especially the nitrergic neurons. In vitro, the apoptotic rate of enteric neurons significantly increased, and the dendritic complexity and the number of primary neurites were significantly reduced in the conditioned medium of reactive EGCs.Conclusion: Reactive enteric glial cells participated in paralytic ileus by damaging nitrergic neurons during endotoxemia. It may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for intestinal motility disorders during endotoxemia or sepsis.
Life Table Construction for Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae): The Effect of Different Plant Nutrient Conditions on Insect Performance
Authors: Xie Runshi , Wu Bin , Gu Mengmeng , Qin Hongmin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae; CMBS) is an invasive pest species that primarily infest crapemyrtles (Lagerstroemia spp.) in the United States. Recent reports have revealed the dire threat of CMBS to attack not only crapemrytles but also the U.S. native species with expanded host plants such as American beautyberry (Callicarpa spp.) and Hypericum kalmianum L. (St. Johnswort). A better understanding of plant-insect interaction will provide better and environmental-friendly pest management strategies. In this study, we constructed the first comprehensive life table for CMBS to characterize its biological parameters, including developmental stages, reproductive behavior, and fecundity. The indirect effect of three plant nutrient conditions (water, 0.01MS, and 0.1MS) on CMBS populations was examined using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The demographic analyses revealed that the plant nutrient conditions had significantly altered CMBS development in terms of the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (λ), the net reproductive rate (R0), and mean generation time (T). Higher r, λ, and R0 were recorded under nutrient-deficient conditions (water), while CMBS reared on plants with healthier growing conditions (0.1MS) had the most prolonged T. Overall, CMBS shows better insect performance when reared on plants under nutrient-deficient conditions.
Detecting Contact In Language Trees: A Bayesian Phylogenetic Model With Horizontal Transfer
Authors: Neureiter Nico , Ranacher Peter , Efrat-Kowalsky Nour , Kaiping Gereon , Weibel Robert , Widmer Paul , Bouckaert Remco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Phylogenetic trees are a central tool for studying language evolution and have wide implications for understanding cultural evolution as a whole. For example, they have been the basis of studies on the evolution of musical instruments, religious beliefs and political complexity. Bayesian phylogenetic methods are transparent regarding the data and assumptions underlying the inference. One of these assumptions -- that languages change independently -- is incompatible with the reality of language evolution, particularly with language contact. When speakers interact, languages frequently borrow linguistic traits from each other. Phylogenetic methods ignore this issue, which can lead to errors in the reconstruction. More importantly, they neglect the rich history of language contact. A principled way of integrating language contact in phylogenetic methods is sorely missing.

We present contacTrees, a Bayesian phylogenetic model with horizontal transfer for language evolution. The model efficiently infers the phylogenetic tree of a language family and contact events between its clades. The implementation is available as a package for the phylogenetics software BEAST 2.

We apply contacTrees in a simulation study and a case study on a subset of well-documented Indo-European languages. The simulation study demonstrates that contacTrees correctly reconstructs the history of a simulated language family, including simulated contact events. Moreover, it shows that ignoring contact can lead to systematic errors in the estimated tree height, rate of change and tree topology, which can be avoided with contacTrees. The case study confirms that contacTrees reconstructs known contact events in the history of Indo-European and finds known loanwords, demonstrating its practical potential. The model has a higher statistical fit to the data than a conventional phylogenetic reconstruction, and the reconstructed tree height is significantly closer to well-attested estimates. Our method closes a long-standing gap between the theoretical and empirical models of cultural evolution. The implications are especially relevant for less documented language families, where our knowledge of past contacts and linguistic borrowings is limited. Since linguistic phylogenies have become the backbone of many studies of cultural evolution, the addition of this integral piece of the puzzle is crucial in the endeavour to understand the history of human culture.
Active/Secondary Pulmonary Tuberculosis Classification Model Based on Deep Learning of CT Images and Its Clinical Applications
Authors: Li Hongjun , Nijiati Mayidili , Zhou Renbing , Damaola Miriguli , Li Li , Qian Baoxin , Abulizi Abudoukeyoumujiang , Zou Xiaoguang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: To develop a CT image-based deep learning framework (3D-ResNet) as a new technology for the early warning of active and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: Chest CT images of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (n=1,160) and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis (n=1,131) diagnosed via bacteriological examination were retrospectively collected to analyze differences between the clinical and imaging presentations of the two diseases. Lung field regions were presegmented by using a 3D Nested UNet model, and a 3D-ResNet model was developed for training the classification model. The data were randomly grouped at a ratio of 7:2:1 for training, validation and testing. Area under the curve (AUC), accuracy (ACC), recall and F1 scores were used as model evaluation metrics, and class activation mapping were used to evaluate the activation regions of interest.Results: Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were older than those with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis. Additionally, patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were observed to cough more, and patients with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis experienced more chest pain. The differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The AUC values of the model on the validation and test datasets were 0.948 and 0.945, respectively, with ACC values being 0.973 and 0.969, Recall values being 0.941 and 0.949 and F1 scores being 0.977 and 0.969, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 3D-ResNet can be used as a rapid auxiliary diagnostic tool for differentiating active pulmonary tuberculosis and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis, which can help patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in receiving timely treatment, in reducing transmission and in avoiding overtreatment. Additionally, this tool can aid secondary pulmonary tuberculosis patients who are misdiagnosed as having active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Robotic Grasp/Motion Planning for Efficient Packing Assuming Multiple Grippers
Authors: Iwao Kazuki , Koyama Keisuke , Wan Weiwei , Nishi Takao , Harada Kensuke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is challenging for a robot to densely pack various types of objects into a box because the packing posture of an object depends on the grasp configuration of the gripper. In this study, assuming multiple grippers, we propose a method for automatically planning the motion of a robot that packs objects into a box , considering whether the grippers can grasp the objects and pack them in a box. The proposed method first determines the appropriate gripper candidates for grasping each object. The initial solution is then generated by arranging the objects in random order and placing them in the available space in order, considering the gripper for each object. To increase the filling rate of each container and reduce the final number of required containers, the system repeatedly exchanges and replaces the objects in each container. Finally, the grasping and placement postures using the appropriate gripper are obtained for each object position, based on which the packing motion is planned. Through simulation and experiments, we determine the container and the position where the object is to be inserted, and confirm that the object can be placed in a suboptimal position by planning the grasping motion of the robot without collision using a gripper that can grasp the object.
Multi-directional-motion-coupling-based Extreme Motion Control of Distributed Drive Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Ding Weiping , Wang Kai , Yang Mingliang , Li Yang , Liu Zibin , Wang Haiying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To improve the multi-directional motion control accuracy and driving stability of Distributed Drive Autonomous Vehicles (DDAVs) under extreme conditions, the extreme speed estimation method based on dynamic boundary and the motion control law design method based on vehicle multi-directional motion coupling dynamic model are proposed. The stable driving state of DDAVs is identified by the dynamic boundary composed of yaw rate, sideslip angle and roll angle, and then the extreme speed of stable driving is estimated. The eight-degrees-of-freedom(8-DOF) DDAVs vehicle dynamics model is used to design the control law of steering wheel angle, wheel torque and active suspension actuation force. Based on the above methods and sliding mode algorithm, the Multi-directional Motion Coupling Control System (MMCCS) of DDAVs is designed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by double-line-shifting and serpentine driving simulations under different road adhesion conditions. The superiority of the method is proved by comparing the existing integrated control method.
Association of anemia and platelet activation with necrotizing enterocolitis with or without sepsis among low birth weight neonates: a case–control study
Authors: jiang zhou , Ye guangyong , Zhang songying , Zhang long 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the value of the proportion of large platelets (PLCR) and platelet crit (PCT) in predicting necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in low birth weight (LBW) neonates.A total of 155 LBW (< 2500 g) neonates with NEC admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the hospital from January 1, 2017 to November 30, 2019 were included in the case group. According to the 1:3 case-control study design, a total of 465 LBW neonates without NEC (3 for each LBW neonate with NEC) in the NICU born ≤ 24 h before or after the birth of the cases were included in the control group.During the study period, a total of 6946 LBW neonates were born, and 155 had NEC, including 98 who also had sepsis. Neonatal sepsis was the most important risk factor and confounding factor for NEC in LBW neonates. Further stratified analysis of the sepsis showed that in LBW neonates without sepsis, anemia, high PLCR, and high PCT increases the risk of NEC, and the receiver operating characteristic curve area of PLCR was 0.739, the sensitivity was 0.770, the specificity was 0.610, and the cutoff value was 33.55.Conclusion: The data showed that 2/100 LBW neonates were prone to NEC, and stratified analysis of confounding factors of sepsis identified the risk factors of NEC in LBW neonates. This study first reported the significant value of PLCR in the early prediction of NEC occurrence in LBW neonates without sepsis.
A CD45RO+ stem cell memory T cell population intermediate to canonical stem cell memory and central memory T cells in human cancer.
Authors: Powell Daniel , Eiva Monika , Brown Erica , Pandey Veethika , Benton Alexander , Thomas Stacy , Meng Wenzhao , Rosenfeld Aaron , Prak Eline Luning 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
T memory stem cells (Tscm) are integral for effective immunotherapy and antitumor responses, but little is known about Tscm immunobiology in solid human tumors. Here we identify self-renewing and multipotent Tscm tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in human cancer and present a novel Tscm subset which expresses CD45RO, is derived from CD45RO- Tscm T cells, and is capable of self-renewal and multipotency. From the analysis of CD45RO+ Tscm differentiation, phenotyping, gene expression, and the broader TCR repertoire, we find CD45RO+ Tscm cells are hierarchically positioned in between canonical CD45RO- Tscm cells and central memory T cells. Notably, CD45RO+ Tscm cells exhibit a gene expression profile with effector capabilities and a tumor-specific phenotype that is more similar to T cells associated with successful immunotherapy than canonical Tscm. Overall, we identify a novel Tscm subset in human cancer which has distinct phenotypic, transcriptional, and effector-like attributes that position it as an attractive subset for future research in the setting of cancer immunotherapy.
Serum Calprotectin Level is Independently Associated with Carotid Plaque Presence in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: T Cheng Isaac , Meng Huan , Li Martin M , Li Edmund K , Wong Priscilla C , Yan Byran P , Lee Alex PW , So Ho , Tam Lai-Shan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Whether calprotectin could play a role in augmenting cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to elucidate the association between serum calprotectin and subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in patient with PsA. Method Seventy-eight PsA patients (age: 52±10 years, 41 [52.6%] male) without CV disease were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the presence of plaque were determined by high-resolution ultrasound. Arterial stiffness was measured by brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) and augmentation index (AIx) Calprotectin levels in serum were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results 29/78 (37.2%) of patient had carotid plaque (CP+ group). Serum calprotectin levels were significantly higher in the CP+ group (CP- group: 564.6 [329.3-910.5] ng/ml; CP+ group: 721.3 [329.3-910.5] ng/ml, P=0.005). Serum calprotectin level correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=0.244, P =0.033) and PsA disease duration (r=0.245, P =0.030). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the levels of Ln-calprotectin were significantly associated with the presence of CP (OR: 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.22, 8.38]; P=0.018), and mean cIMT (β: 0.35, 95% CI [0.02, 0.68]; P=0.038) after adjusting for baseline covariates. The optimal cut-offs for discriminating patients with and without CP were calprotectin >569ng/ml (AUC: 0.688; sensitivity: 79%; specificity: 51%; P=0.006) and FRS >9% (AUC: 0.645; sensitivity: 62%; specificity: 67%; P=0.033). Conclusion Serum calprotectin level may be a good biomarker for CV risk stratification in PsA. Further studies are required to confirm whether this pathway is associated with CV events in PsA.
Effects of regulated dry season irrigation on tree water use, root zone moisture dynamics and yield of cacao in a rainforest zone of Nigeria
Authors: Agele Samuel , agbona Ademola , ogunleye abel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of regulated dry season irrigation on tree water use, root zone moisture dynamics and yield of cacao in a rainforest zone of Nigeria. Following cessation of rainfall in November, irrigation commenced from December 2017 to May 2018. Irrigation amount was computed based on cumulative class A Pan evaporation. Irrigation treatments were coded as IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3, consisting of water application using EPan *Pan coefficients (Kcp) of 1.0; 0.70 and 0.50 (9.6, 6.8 and 4.8 l/tree/day). Irrigation water applied at 5-days interval was discharged via point source emitters (2.8 l/h discharge rate ) on drip lines laterally installed per row of trees. Irrigation requirements were on the average, 4.49, 3.14 and 2.44 mm, total water applied per irrigation events were 1009.88, 706.92 and 504.94 mm per plot ( 225 m2 ), total seasonal water applied were 33858, 23701 and 16929 mm, and soil moisture contents were 52, 45 and 28% for the respective IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3. Tree evapotranspiration (ETc) were 4.54, 3.19 and 2.32 mm/day while seasonal sums were 809, 566 and 404 mm while the ratio of ETc to EPan were 0.9, 0.69 and 0.53 for IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3. Tree water use efficiencies were 0.3 and 0.04 t/mm for Y/ETc and 0.16 to 0.19 kg/mm for Y/Irrigation respectively. Cacao pod and bean yields were 35.4, 22.1 and 10.3 t/ha and 2.29, 1.37 and 1.03 t/ha while yields decreased by 60 and 40% under IrT3 and IrT2 compared with IrT1. The study identified suitable Pan coefficients for scheduling irrigation during the dry season for cacao, full irrigation (EPan*1.0) applied at 9.6 l/tree/day will be needed to replenish soil water depletion to satisfy crop consumptive water use ( transpiration and soil evaporation components). The low pressure gravity-drip irrigation system alleviated climate stress during the dry season and improved cacao performance in a tropical rainforest environment.
Effectiveness of immunization with multi-component bacterial immunomodulator in foals at 35th day of life
Authors: Migdał Anna , Migdał Łukasz , Adam Okólski , Migdał Anna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms leading to immunization through the use of a multicomponent bacterial immunomodulator and to find out the relationship between the TLR 4 receptor with selected parameters of innate immunity and to acquire immunity. The study was conducted on 18 Polish Pony Horses foals divided into two study groups: control (n=9) and experimental (n=9). Foals from the experimental group received intramuscular duplicate injection of 5 ml of multi-component bacterial immunomodular at 35 and 40 days of age. RNA isolated from venous blood was used to evaluate the expression of TLR4 genes using RT-PCR. Concentration of Il-6, IL-10, IgM and IgG2 was determined by the ELISA method in blood plasma. Immunostimulation had a significant impact on the level of genes expression for TLR4 expression and IL-6 concentration. No effect of stimulation on IgM and IgG2 concentrations was found. The expression of TLR4 genes as well as the levels of interleukins could be modulated by stimulation with a pharmacological agent multi-component bacterial immunomodulator. The experiment demonstrated a strong positive correlation between TLR4 gene expression and IL-6 concentration and between TLR4 gene expression and IgM concentration.
The lower lip profile change during total distalization of the mandibular dentition
Authors: Chae Hwa Sung , Hong Christine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives

This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the lower lip profile during Class III lower total arch distalization camouflage treatment.
Materials and Methods

The cohort included 45 patients diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion. These patients underwent camouflage orthodontic treatment with lower arch total distalization. Lateral cephalograms at the pre-treatment stage and post-treatment stage were taken. Cephalometric measurements were analyzed to uncover the influencing factors of the lower lip profile. This study defined new variables; i.e., CK and CKA, for detailed soft tissue analysis.
Results

Novel soft tissue measurements presented in this study showed statistically significant changes after treatment. The CK angle and L1 to A Pog, L1 to NB, and IMPA were statistically correlated. Simple regression analysis was conducted between variables. The formulas were ΔCKA = 0.79(Δ L1 to NB) -1.6 and multiple regression resulted in ΔCKA = 0.5(Δ L1 to NB) – 0.42 (‘LL to Eline’, before treatment)
Conclusions

The present study provided evidence that the lower lip evaluation including the novel CKA and CKHA, were significantly related to the mandibular incisal position during total distalization of the mandibular dentition. The results demonstrated that, clinically, significant lip retraction can be obtained. Therefore, non-extraction with distalization must be suggested as the first treatment option in mild skeletal Class III malocclusion patients.
Klotho, much more than an anti-aging protein, an emerging exerkine: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Corrêa Hugo de Luca , Raab Artur Temizio Oppelt , Araújo Thamires Marra , Deus Lysleine Alves , Reis Andrea Lucena , Honorato Fernando Sousa , Rodrigues-Silva Paolo Lucas , Neves Rodrigo Vanerson Passos , Brunetta Henver Simionato , Mori Marcelo Alves Silva , Franco Octávio Luiz , Rosa Thiago Santos 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Klotho is an anti-aging protein with several therapeutic roles in the pathophysiology of different organs, such as the skeletal muscle and kidneys. Available evidence suggests that exercise increases Klotho levels, regardless of the condition or intervention, shedding some light on this anti-aging protein as an emergent and promising exerkine. Objective: Development of a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to verify the role of different exercise training protocols on the levels of circulating soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) protein. Data sources: A systematic search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE through PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CT.gov, and PEDro. Eligibility criteria: Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials that investigated effects of exercise training on S-Klotho levels. Results: We included 12 reports in the analysis, comprising 621 participants with age ranging from 30 to 65 years old. Klotho concentration increased significantly after chronic exercise training (minimum of 12 weeks) (Hedge’ g [95%CI] 1.3 [0.69 – 1.90]; P < 0.0001). Moreover, exercise training increases S-Klotho values regardless of the health condition of the individual or the exercise intervention, with the exception of combined aerobic + resistance training. Furthermore, protocol duration and volume seem to influence S-Klotho concentration, since the effect of the meta-analysis changes when subgrouping these variables. Conclusion: Altogether, circulating S-Klotho protein is altered after chronic exercise training and it might be considered an exerkine. However, this effect may be influenced by different training configurations, including protocol duration, volume, and intensity.