bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carcinoma of Breast Expressing Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2: Case Report
Authors: Moon Prashik , Gomase Kavita , Kasturkar Pooja , Moon Shalini , Taksande Vaishali , Sakharwade Prerana , Sawarkar Achita 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is a systemic disease in which micro metastasis of abnormal cells which can form the secondary malignant cells. Breast carcinoma is the rapid and uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Breast cancer is cancer of breast that develop from breast tissue.
Case History: Clinical findings – patient 49 years old female, having pain in right upper quadrant of right breast, irritation and discomfort in breast, swelling in lower area of breast. Biochemical, Hematological and rediological investigation are decrease.
Investigation: Physical examination -lump is found on right breast which is non tender and slightly movable. USG and Mammography shows A suspicious retroareolar lump in the right breast and two foci pleomorphic macro calcification in right breast, Histopathology – shows both the masses are malignant but in biopsy metastasis not detected.
Therapeutic Intervention: Symptomatic treatment -tab acetaminophen -tab – hydrocortisone. Lumpectomy On the left breast and mastectomy done on right breast. Radiation therapy and Chemotherapy is given before and after surgery and Chemotherapy was continue after the surgery. Hormonal therapy also given for HER2 + receptor .all the complications of chemotherapy is managed by quality nursing care.
Outcome: After all pharmacological, surgical and medical intervention and quality nursing care, patient is now in stable condition. During treatment her treatment response is good and she can very effectively cope up with her disease condition and she is able to do her daily activities effectively.
Condensation‐Controlled Toposelective Vapor Deposition in Nano‐ and Microcavities: Theory, Methods, Applications, and Related Technologies
Authors: Lovikka Ville A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNanotechnology drives technological progress in many frontiers, from electronics to medicine, from tougher composites to adaptive surfaces. As the feature sizes are made smaller, the importance of surfaces is increased. Many of the most powerful methods for surface manipulation are variants of vapor deposition (VD). However, VD is typically not surface‐selective and, therefore, extra work steps are needed to integrate the methods into nanofabrication routines. Furthermore, many fields are moving toward 3D nanostructures, which unavoidably means increasingly complex nanocavities. Capillary condensation (CC) offers new selectivity rules for VD by inherently targeting cavities, which have been the most difficult locations to coat thus far. The most important controlling parameter in CC is the partial pressure, which is primarily adjusted by the reaction chamber, not the substrates or the reagents. In this article, the theory of CC, different reactor setups, materials, reagents and substrates, and various applications of CC in VD techniques are presented. The CC‐based methods are briefly compared to other cavity‐filling methods for gaining perspective on their potential for advancing modern technology. Finally, several observations on the characteristics of the methods, termed collectively as condensation‐controlled toposelective vapor deposition, are analyzed. The implications may affect the way one thinks about VD.
Structural Modifications and Electromagnetic Property Regulations of Ti3AlC2 MAX for Enhancing Microwave Absorption through the Strategy of Fe Doping
Authors: Li Jun , Xu Tongtong , Bai Han , Shen Zhenyu , Huang Yanyan , Xing Wenwen , Zhou Zhongxiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicrowave absorption enhancements through atomic doping in traditional materials remain a significant challenge. Herein, the MAX phase materials of Fe‐doped Ti3AlC2 (xFe‐Ti3AlC2, abbreviated as TFAC‐x, x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) are synthesized via solid‐phase reaction method. The X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and scanning electron microscopy confirm that the TFAC‐x samples are of high quality with multiphase coexistence structure and abundant interfaces. Relying on the improved impedance matching originating from structural modulation, the synergistic effects of dielectric loss and magnetic loss, as well as the enhanced interfacial polarization and defect dipole polarization, both the microwave absorption intensity and bandwidth are greatly strengthened. Accordingly, the minimum reflection loss of TFAC‐3 sample can achieve ‐33.3 dB and the absorption bandwidth could reach 3.9 GHz with the thickness of only 1.5 mm. Moreover, the investigated frequency can cover 86% through regulating their thickness from 1.5 to 5 mm, showing the excellent frequency modulation effect. The revealed improvements in both the microwave absorption performance and properties of TFAC‐x may enlighten the designing of microwave absorption materials and have potentials for widespread applications.
An Inverse Shape‐Memory Hydrogel Scaffold Switching Upon Cooling in a Tissue‐Tolerated Temperature Range
Authors: Tartivel Lucile , Blocki Anna M. , Braune Steffen , Jung Friedrich , Behl Marc , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTissue reconstruction has an unmet need for soft active scaffolds that enable gentle loading with regeneration‐directing bioactive components by soaking up but also provide macroscopic dimensional stability. Here microporous hydrogels capable of an inverse shape‐memory effect (iSME) are described, which in contrast to classical shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) recover their permanent shape upon cooling. These hydrogels are designed as covalently photo cross‐linked polymer networks with oligo(ethylene glycol)‐oligo(propylene glycol)‐oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG‐OPG‐OEG) segments. When heated after deformation, the OEG‐OPG‐OEG segments form micelles fixing the temporary shape. Upon cooling, the micelles dissociate again, the deformation is reversed and the permanent shape is obtained. Applicability of this iSME is demonstrated by the gentle loading of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) without causing any platelet activation during this process. PRP is highly bioactive and is widely acknowledged for its regenerative effects. Hence, the microporous inverse shape‐memory hydrogel (iSMH) with a cooling induced pore‐size effect represents a promising candidate scaffold for tissue regeneration for potential usage in minimally invasive surgery applications.
Engineered Cathode Buffer Layers for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells: A Review
Authors: Bishnoi Swati , Datt Ram , Arya Sandeep , Gupta Sonal , Gupta Ramashanker , Tsoi Wing Chung , Sharma Shailesh N. , Patole Shashikant P. , Gupta Vinay 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article presents an in‐depth insight into the most efficient cathode buffer layers (CBLs) in conventional and inverted organic solar cells (OSCs). The CBL can play a critical role in improving the short circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) of the devices by minimizing the contact resistance and reducing charge recombination at electrode/photoactive layer interface, resulting in the efficient extraction of charge carriers and therefore improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE). This review explores CBL with respect to its effect on the physics of a device and electronic processes at the interface of CBL/photoactive layer and its impact on the overall performance of OSCs. Besides this, the role of CBL, its chemical composition, morphology, thickness, dopants, deposition conditions, etc., and their corresponding effects on the device performance of both conventional and inverted OSCs are discussed in detail. Finally, CBLs that provide the best performance are summarized and their chemical structures are discussed. This article will benefit the researchers working in the domain of OSCs by providing an understanding of the CBL layers, along with various interfacial processes.
Controlled Preparation and Anti‐Sulfate Electrocatalysis of Self‐Assembled Multidimensional PtZn Quasi‐Cubic Nanodendrites
Authors: Xing Qianli , Yan Wei , Wei Chuangyu , Xiao Zuoxu , Jin Zhicheng , Liu Xue , Ren Jianwei , Chen Yanli , Li Xiyou 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe multidimensional PtZn quasi‐cubic nanodendrites (PtZn‐ND) with tremendous amounts of defectively coarse branches, having both highly active high‐index facets and short‐range (100) and (110) terraces resisted to sulfate, are synthesized via facile oil phase route at first time. The growth process is found to start from Pt nano‐cuboid seeds, then PtZn nanoclovers which are formed from epitaxial growth, and then the flower‐like PtZn crystals and finally the novel PtZn‐ND. The formation mechanism of PtZn‐ND, in particular the effects of hexadecyltrimethyammonium bromide (CTAB) and oleic acid (OA) on the morphology, crystal shape and exposure lattice facets, have been comparatively and systematically studied. And it turns out that CTAB mainly controls depositing directions, while OA mainly controls the crystal shape/size. The combination effect results in unique PtZn‐ND structures. The novel PtZn‐ND also displays superior catalytic performance and anti‐sulfate poisoning ability. In particular, the mass activity (MA) and specific activity (SA) are 5.72 and 7.55 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C, and still 2.91 and 5.09 times higher after accelerated durability tests in 0.5 m H2SO4 for oxygen reduction reaction.
Size‐Controlled Nanosculpture of Cylindrical Pores across Multilayer Graphene via Photocatalytic Perforation
Authors: Guirguis Albert , Dumée Ludovic F. , Eyckens Daniel J. , Stanfield Melissa K. , Yin Yanting , Andersson Gunther G. , Kong Lingxue , Henderson Luke C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the bottlenecks in realizing the potential of nanoporous graphene assemblies is the difficulty of engineering narrow pores and high surface density distributions, with a nanometer resolution across multilayer graphene assemblies using scalable approaches. Here, the authors develop a photocatalyzed perforation protocol to incorporate nanopores across modified graphene assemblies via localizing the oxidation during the photo‐excitation process between photo‐initiators and graphitic assemblies under the ultraviolet–visible stimuli. Nanopores are engineered across the graphene nanostructures with a pore size range varying from 20 to 100 nm depending on the irradiation duration, as well as tunable densities of 101–103 pores/µm2 on the same order of the loaded nanocatalysts to the graphene surfaces. By fine‐tuning the graphene chemistry and the physical dimension of photo‐initiators, as well as their concentrations across graphitic planes used during the perforation, the diameter, and the density distributions of generated nanopores across graphene, can be rationally confined, avoiding merging between pores during the nanopore formation. These porosity parameters engineered across graphene nanosieves are in the same order obtained by other nanolithographic techniques. Plus, this sustainable route may boost the potential of porous graphene assemblies in energy‐efficient nanotechnologies based on separation and catalytic processes.
Glycosylated MoS2 Sheets for Capturing and Deactivating E. coli Bacteria: Combined Effects of Multivalent Binding and Sheet Size
Authors: Xu Shaohui , Bhatia Sumati , Fan Xin , Nickl Philip , Haag Rainer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) holds great promise for antibacterial applications owing to its strong photothermal performance and biocompatibility. Most of its antibacterial explorations have sought enhanced antibacterial potency through designing new hybrid inorganic materials, the relationship between its physiochemical properties and antibacterial activities has yet to be explored. This work is the first to investigate the combination effects of different sized and functionalized MoS2 sheets on their antibacterial activities. The bacterial capture abilities of 3 µm mannosylated, galactosylated, and glucosylated sheets, as well as 300 nm mannosylated sheets, all with similar sugar densities, are compared. Only mannosylated MoS2 sheets are found to agglutinate normal Escherichia coli (E. coli) and large mannosylated MoS2 sheets show the strongest E. coli agglutination. Despite slightly weaker photothermal performance under near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, large mannosylated MoS2 sheets exhibit higher antibacterial activity than the smaller sheets. By much stronger specific multivalent binding, large sheets capture E. coli more efficiently and compensate for their reduced photothermal activity. Besides providing a facile approach to eliminate E. coli bacteria, these findings offer valuable guidance for future development of 2D nanomaterial‐based antibacterial agents and filter holder materials, where large‐functionalized sheets can capture and eliminate bacteria powerfully.
A Multispectral Single‐Layer Frequency Selective Surface Absorber for Infrared and Millimeter Wave Selective Bi‐Stealth
Authors: Shim Hyeon Bo , Han Kiwook , Song Jookwon , Hahn Jae W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe multispectral electromagnetic (EM) absorber based on the frequency selective surface (FSS) has been applied with interest in the field of stealth technology due to its ability to avoid detectors or guided weapons at multiple wavelengths simultaneously. The multispectral absorption performance is generally accomplished by stacking different types of FSS absorbers in multiple layers. Herein, a thin and flexible multispectral single‐layer FSS (MSLF) absorber is presented using a micro‐holed, macroscale FSS combined with an infrared (IR) absorbing ground. The FSSs are simplified to MSLF by changing the absorbing layered microstructure to a transmitting microstructure. Dual‐band millimeter waves (MMWs) are absorbed by the macroscale resonance cavity, while the target IR waves are absorbed by the IR absorbing ground after penetrating the micro‐hole array pattern. Thermal emission is reduced significantly due to its low emissivity at IR bands other than the target IR. It is confirmed analytically and experimentally that patterns of various sizes do not exhibit functional crosstalk. The demonstrated multispectral absorption and low thermal emission make this a very promising material for IR−MMW selective bi‐stealth. Furthermore, the proposed structure can be applied to existing macroscale patterns in order to increase their applicability by providing additional selectivity without any functional interference.
In Situ Quantifying the Physical Parameters Determining the Efficiency of OLEDs Relying on Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Up‐Conversion
Authors: Xiao Shu , Qiao Xianfeng , Lin Chengwei , Chen Liangjian , Guo Runda , Lu Ping , Wang Lei , Ma Dongge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTriplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) up‐conversion is an effective way to utilize triplet excitons in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the parameters characterizing the triplet excitons and relevant TTA process in OLEDs under working conditions have not been quantified. Here, an in situ method is established to map these parameters for further ascertaining their impact on device efficiency. The physical parameters, including triplet recombination rate, TTA rate, typical current JTTA, and saturated ratio, can be in situ quantified by transient electroluminescence technique. The expression of JTTA shows that minimizing the triplet quenching and maximizing the TTA rate are effective ways to lower JTTA. While highly efficient devices require a lower JTTA. Guided by these criteria, the device efficiency is promoted by weakening the triplet quenching via blending two materials. These investigations establish an in situ method to quantify the physical parameters that allow identifying the useful TTA materials and optimizing the design of device structures.
Phosphoinositide Conversion Inactivates R‐RAS and Drives Metastases in Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Huayi , Prever Lorenzo , Hsu Myriam Y. , Lo Wen‐Ting , Margaria Jean Piero , De Santis Maria Chiara , Zanini Cristina , Forni Marco , Novelli Francesco , Pece Salvatore , Di Fiore Pier Paolo , Porporato Paolo Ettore , Martini Miriam , Belabed Hassane , Nazare Marc , Haucke Volker , Gulluni Federico , Hirsch Emilio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and a major cause of death in women worldwide. Although early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention significantly improve patient survival rate, metastasis still accounts for most deaths. Here it is reported that, in a cohort of more than 2000 patients with breast cancer, overexpression of PI3KC2α occurs in 52% of cases and correlates with high tumor grade as well as increased probability of distant metastatic events, irrespective of the subtype. Mechanistically, it is demonstrated that PI3KC2α synthetizes a pool of PI(3,4)P2 at focal adhesions that lowers their stability and directs breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. PI(3,4)P2 locally produced by PI3KC2α at focal adhesions recruits the Ras GTPase activating protein 3 (RASA3), which inactivates R‐RAS, leading to increased focal adhesion turnover, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Proof‐of‐concept is eventually provided that inhibiting PI3KC2α or lowering RASA3 activity at focal adhesions significantly reduces the metastatic burden in PI3KC2α‐overexpressing breast cancer, thereby suggesting a novel strategy for anti‐breast cancer therapy.
Response of maize hybrids under limited irrigation capacities: Yield and yield components
Authors: Schwartz Robert C. , Bell Jourdan M. , Baumhardt R. Louis , Colaizzi Paul D. , Hiltbrunner Bridgette A. , Witt Travis W. , Brauer David K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGrain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the semiarid Texas High Plains (THP) is greatly reduced when irrigation cannot meet peak water requirements. Drought‐tolerant hybrids may mitigate yield losses resulting from water deficits. We examined the effect of irrigation capacity (8.47 and 4.23 mm d–1) and planting rates (74,000 and 95,000 seeds ha–1) during three growing seasons (2016–2018) on grain yield and yield components of three maize hybrids, two of which were considered drought tolerant. Crop water deficits at the low irrigation level usually extended temporally from seventh leaf collar to dough stage. Mean grain yields varied from 5.2 Mg ha–1 under the low irrigation level to 19.9 Mg ha–1 at the high irrigation level. Hybrid did not influence grain yield and aboveground biomass in all 3 yr. Although kernel number and kernel mass were significantly influenced by hybrid across all years, this did not result in grain yield differences because greater kernel mass compensated for reduced kernel number. Harvest index did not significantly differ between conventional and drought‐tolerant hybrids. In 2016, grain yield was significantly influenced by plant density only at the low irrigation level, with 44% greater yields at the low plant density. For the patterns and level of water stress observed during these three growing seasons, the three hybrids performed similarly. Besides using hybrids well adapted to the region, mitigation of yield reductions under limited irrigation capacities in the THP can be achieved by concentrating irrigation on less land area and optimizing planting rates.
New method of kinetic modeling for CO2 absorption into blended amine systems: A case of MEA/EAE/3DEA1P trisolvent blends
Authors: Zheng Wenchao , Luo Qinlan , Liu Sen , Wang Nan , Luo Xiao , Gao Hongxia , Liang Zhiwu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to establish an accurate kinetic model for the aqueous amine blends, monoethanolamine (MEA), 2‐(ethylamino) ethanol (EAE), and 3‐(diethylamino)‐1‐propanol (3DEA1P) have been chosen as a typical CO2 absorption trisolvents. The reaction kinetics of aqueous amine blends with carbon dioxide have been investigated first combining experiments and molecular simulations. The stopped‐flow technology has been used to obtain the observed reaction rate constant of the overall reactions over the temperature range of 293 to 313 K and at different amine concentrations. A theoretical kinetic model, based on the first‐principles quantum‐mechanical simulations, has been put forward to interpret the reactions between CO2 and the aqueous trisolvent amine blends systems. The proposed model, based on the zwitterion mechanism and the base‐catalyzed mechanism, shows good prediction with an acceptable absolute average deviation (AAD) of 6.32%, and has been found to be satisfactory in determining the kinetics of the involved complicated reactions.
Neuropsychiatric features of Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Shelkowitz Emily , Gantz Marie G. , Ridenour Ty A. , Scheimann Ann O. , Strong Theresa , Bohonowych Jessica , Duis Jessica 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by hypotonia and poor feeding in infancy which progresses to hyperphagia in early‐mid childhood, as well as developmental delays, a spectrum of behavioral and psychiatric concerns, endocrinopathies, orthopedic issues, and less commonly, seizures, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy with or without cataplexy. This study used data in the Global PWS Registry (N = 893) to explore the onset and severity over time of the neuropsychiatric features reported in individuals with PWS and explored its associations with sleep disorders, seizures, and psychiatric symptoms. Results demonstrate that seizures are more common in the deletion subtype and that narcolepsy and cataplexy are more common in individuals who have sleep‐related seizures. Finally, this work shows that anxiety and compulsive behaviors are persistent features of PWS that may arise early in childhood, and that anxiety is associated with higher frequency of other comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. In conclusion, this study is one of the largest to date characterizing sleep disorders and neuropsychiatric characteristics of individuals with PWS and reports on the novel association between sleep disorders and seizures. This study is also one of the first to offer details on the nature of the progression of these features in individuals with PWS.
Novel zinc (II) and nickel (II) complexes of a quinazoline‐based ligand with an imidazole ring: Synthesis, spectroscopic property, antibacterial activities, time‐dependent density functional theory calculations and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Li Cheng‐Guo , Chai Yong‐Mei , Chai Lan‐Qin , Xu Li‐Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTwo complexes [Zn(L)2(CH3OH)2](NO3)2 (1) and [Ni(L)3]·(NO3)2 (2) (L = 2‐[2‐imidazolyl]‐4‐methyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinazoline‐N3‐oxide) were obtained successfully by means of slow evaporation solution technique (SEST) and characterized using elemental analysis, FT‐IR, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopic. X‐ray diffraction revealed that the metal in complex 1 is chelated by two L ligands and two lattice methanol molecules, whereas in 2 by three L ligands, counterbalanced by nitrate ions. The crystal structures of both showed infinite 1‐D, 2‐D, and 3‐D supramolecular architecture due to intermolecular interactions. Most strikingly, Zn (II) complex showed different fluorescence properties in diverse solvents. The antimicrobial activities of all compounds were compared and showed perceptible efficiency against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. Electrostatic potential (ESP) calculation was used to predict the nucleophilic and electrophilic attack sites. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results showed good agreement with experimental data, as well as the frontier molecular orbital energy gaps were detected by time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT method with HOMO–LUMO calculations. Additionally, the non‐covalent interactions of both complexes were further quantified and explored with the help of Hirshfeld surface analysis.