bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0179 Factor Analysis of Multidimensional Sleep Health Domains in Older Adults with Actigraphy: Results from the Einstein Aging Study
Authors: Ji Linying , Wallace Meredith , Master Lindsay , Schade Margeaux , Zhaoyang Ruixue , Derby Carol , Buxton Orfeu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The concept of Sleep Health, based on self-reports in the RU-SATED model, has been recently extended using parameters derived from 4 days of actigraphy in a cohort of older adults, yielding a 5-component model. Using a longer actigraphy time series from a separate study, the current factor analysis evaluates and extends a theoretically-driven, multi-dimensional sleep health construct in older adults.

Methods
Participants (N=291, mean age=77.2 years, 33% males; 47% white, 40% Black, 13% Hispanic/others) enrolled in The Einstein Aging Study were included. A random subsample of 100 participants were used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA); data from the remaining participants (N=191) were used for confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). All 23 objective measures (mean 15.6 valid days +/-SD=1.2) were derived from wrist actigraphy, including 16 from the actigraphy summary statistics, and 7 from extended cosinor models. Fit of CFA models were evaluated by CFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR.

Results
Consistent with prior research, beta was not included in the final factor structure because of its low loading on all six factors. CFA was performed on each factor and model fitting results were satisfactory (CFI &gt; 0.94, TLI &gt;0.92, RMSEA 90% confidence interval ranges from 0 to 0.23, and SRMR &lt;0.05). EFA identified 6 factors, 5 consistent with prior research, and a sixth hypothesized factor (Rhythmicity) not identified previously.REGULARITY (of sleep across days): standard deviations of four sleep measures; midpoint, sleep onset time, night total sleep time (TST), and 24h TST.ALERTNESS/Sleepiness (daytime): amplitude, napping (mins and #/day).TIMING: sleep onset, midpoint, wake-time (of nighttime sleep); up-Mesor, acrophase, down-Mesor.EFFICIENCY: sleep maintenance efficiency, wake after sleep onset.DURATION: night sleep duration, night TST, 24h sleep duration, 24h TST.RHYTHMICITY (pattern across days): mesor, alpha, and minimum.

Conclusion
These findings extend a multidimensional Sleep Health construct to include a Rhythmicity dimension when informed by extended objective data from older adults. Factors can be considered predictors of health outcomes, and targets for sleep interventions.

Support (If Any)
P01-AG003949, R01-AG062622, NIA-AG03949
0181 Characterizing Sleep Regularity from Actigraphy in Younger and Older Adolescents
Authors: Goodhines Patricia , Barker David , Gredvig-Ardito Caroline , Crowley Stephanie , Van Reen Eliza , LeBourgeois Monique , Carskadon Mary 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Many adolescents experience variable sleep timing and restricted duration attributable to biopsychosocial influences. The Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) captures inter-daily stability of sleep/wake intervals as the likelihood of being asleep/awake at consistent times day-to-day. The SRI may capture unique dimensions of adolescent sleep given the ability to capture highly variable sleep/wake timing (including napping); however, SRI’s relative role in maturational sleep processes remains unknown. This study characterizes the SRI and sleep correlates (bedtime, midpoint, risetime, duration, and efficiency) in younger and older adolescents, including age-based comparisons.

Methods
Cross-sectional data were drawn from two cohorts: 30 younger (ages 9-10 years; 13 female; 24 White) and 38 older (ages 15-16 years; 20 female; 26 White) adolescents. Participants provided 7 consecutive nights (M=6.93±0.36) of sleep diaries and actigraphy on a self-selected sleep schedule while attending school. SRI was calculated as the probability of being asleep/wake at two points 24-hours apart (Philips et al., 2017), with higher scores demonstrating more regular sleep across days.

Results
SRI scores and distributions were similar between younger (M=79±9, range=58-94) and older (M=80±7, range=64-91) adolescents (t[66]=-0.58, p=.56). On average, younger adolescents reported a bedtime of 21:41±31, midpoint of 02:14±30, risetime of 06:47±36, and sleep duration of 9.11±0.52 hours. In contrast, older peers reported a later bedtime of 22:46±41 (t[66]=-7.21, p&lt;.001) and midpoint of 02:47±29 (t[66]=-4.66, p&lt;.001), with consistent risetime 06:49±29 (t[66]=-0.17, p=.87), and thus shorter sleep duration of 8.06±0.70 hours (t[66]=6.84, p&lt;.001). In both cohorts, SRI was correlated with less wake-time after sleep onset (rs=-.93 to -.83, ps&lt;.001) and greater sleep efficiency (rs=.80-.93, ps&lt;.001), but not sleep duration or timing (ps=.18-.62).

Conclusion
This adolescent sample demonstrated greater sleep/wake regularity compared to previous reports of college students and adolescents/young adults, supporting the hypothesis that SRI may be a proxy for regularity of other aspects of daily living (e.g., fixed school start times). Adolescent SRI appears to be independent of sleep duration (consistent with previous findings) and timing, suggesting that SRI captures a distinct dimension of sleep. This research team plans to proceed with longitudinal analysis to clarify developmental trends, further explicating the potential informative role of SRI.

Support (If Any)
NIH R01 AA013252 and P20 GM139743.
0184 Too Jittery to Sleep? Temporal Associations of Actigraphic Sleep and Caffeine in Adolescents
Authors: Mathew Gina , Reichenberger David , Master Lindsay , Buxton Orfeu , Chang Anne-Marie , Hale Lauren 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The majority of adolescents report consuming a caffeinated beverage on a typical day, which has been linked to poor sleep health in cross-sectional studies. However, it is unknown whether poor sleep predicts caffeine consumption, and/or whether caffeine consumption predicts poor sleep, particularly when sleep is measured objectively. The current study examined within- and between-person associations of actigraphic sleep dimensions with caffeinated beverage consumption in adolescents.

Methods
Data were collected from a micro-longitudinal substudy of the age 15 wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n=589). Adolescents wore a wrist-actigraphy device and completed daily surveys for approximately one week (mean=5.6 days). Daily surveys assessed sleep quality and caffeinated beverage consumption (0=no caffeine, 1=any caffeine). Separate mixed models assessed whether actigraphy-measured sleep duration, timing, maintenance efficiency, and subjective quality predicted next-day caffeinated beverage consumption within and between adolescents. Variability of sleep duration and timing (SD), sleep regularity index, and social jetlag were tested as additional between-person predictors. Lagged models tested whether daily caffeinated beverage consumption predicted sleep that night (n=458; mean=5.2 days).

Results
Between-person results showed that adolescents who had more variable actigraphic sleep duration (OR=1.21, p=.042) and sleep midpoint (OR=1.27, p=.045) had greater odds of consuming caffeinated beverages compared to others. Within-person results showed that on days when adolescents consumed ≥1 caffeinated beverage, they had later sleep onset by (b±SEM) 17±6 mins (p=.003) that night and later wake time by 19±7 mins (p= .011) the next morning, compared to days when they did not consume caffeine. Sleep duration, timing, maintenance efficiency, and subjective quality did not predict next-day caffeinated beverage consumption (all p&gt;.10).

Conclusion
Greater variability in sleep duration and timing and later sleep timing are risk factors for poor emotional and cardiometabolic health. Curbing caffeinated beverage consumption may aid in the maintenance of regular sleep schedules and advance sleep timing in adolescents, potentially improving physical and psychological health.

Support (If Any)
R01HD073352
0199 Iris color predicts melanopsin-driven retinal responses in older but not younger individuals
Authors: Klevens Alison , Wescott Delainey , Drexler Scott , Gamlin Paul , Roecklein Kathryn 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The retina contains melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells, which underlie non-image forming responses to light. The Post-Illumination Pupil Response (PIPR) can assess melanopsin cell responsivity, with applications for sleep disorders, mood disorders, and circadian entrainment. Lighter pigmented irises allow more light to pass through the retina. The present study tested an association between the PIPR and iris pigmentation.

Methods
Participants (N=49) included seasonal depression (n=26) and never-depressed controls (n=23). Photos of participants’ irises were rated using both the Franssen (2008) scale, a set of 24 standardized iris photos, and the Mackey (2011) scale, a 9-category rating system. Red and blue stimuli 13.5 log photons/cm2/s were presented, and infrared pupillometry measured pupil diameter for 40 seconds. We used multilevel regression with a random intercept of participant to predict the PIPR from each iris rating system separately, controlling for age, gender, and circadian time of testing determined from Dim Light Melatonin Onset.

Results
Agreement between raters, calculated using Cohen's κ, was moderate for both scales (Franssen, κ=0.57, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.71, p&lt;0.001; Mackey, κ=0.67, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.81, p&lt;0.001). Bivariate correlations showed age was inversely associated with iris color: older individuals had lighter iris pigmentation. Analyses were therefore stratified by age (older &gt;=31 years: n=24; younger &lt;31 years, n=25). Greater retinal responsivity was associated with lighter iris pigmentation in the older sample (Mackey: unstandardized b=-0.016; SE=0.005; p=0.002; Franssen: unstandardized b=-0.006; SE=0.002, p=0.002), but not the younger sample (Mackey: unstandardized b=-0.0008; SE=0.003; p=0.770; Franssen: unstandardized b=-0.0009; SE=0.002, p=0.619). There was no effect of iris color on PIPR in the whole sample (p’s &gt;0.13).

Conclusion
Iris color explained ~8% of variance in the PIPR, indicating that PIPR studies should recruit samples with similar distributions of iris pigmentation across conditions and ages, as this finding was only seen in the older sample with more individuals with lighter iris pigmentation. Future studies will test iris pigmentation by light exposure interactions on the PIPR. Light stimuli focused to a point on the pupil (i.e., Maxwellian) would eliminate variation in the amount of light incident on the retina due to iris pigmentation.

Support (If Any)
NIMH K.A.R. MH103303
0217 Is the Timing of the Endogenous Circadian Rhythm of Neurobehavioral Functioning Inherently Task-Dependent?
Authors: Muck Rachael , Hudson Amanda , Honn Kimberly , Van Dongen Hans 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Changes in waking neurobehavioral functioning (NF) over time are governed by homeostatic and circadian processes. It has been reported that peak circadian timing varies inherently between tasks, such that the optimal timing for NF would be task-dependent. Here we investigated this idea with a simulated shift work study protocol followed by a 24h constant routine (CR) protocol to experimentally and statistically separate the circadian from the homeostatic process.

Methods
N=13 healthy adults (ages 25.5±3.2y; 9 men) completed a 7-day/6-night in-laboratory study. They were randomized to a 3-day simulated day shift condition (n=7) with nighttime sleep (22:00–06:00) or a 3-day simulated night shift condition (n=6) with daytime sleep (10:00–18:00). They then underwent a 24h CR protocol, during which they stayed awake under constant behavioral and environmental conditions and blood was collected at 1–3h intervals for the assessment of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). During scheduled wakefulness, subjects completed three functionally distinct NF tasks at ~2h intervals: the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Data from these tasks taken during the CR protocol were analyzed with non-linear mixed-effects regression to separate endogenous circadian effects from the homeostatic process.

Results
Following simulated night shift, compared to simulated day shift, on average there was a modest, 1.4h (±0.8h SE) delay in DLMO (F1,11=3.68, p=0.082). As such, the simulated night shift condition produced a 10.6h shift in alignment of the homeostatic process relative to the circadian process. Regardless of prior shift condition, the peak of the circadian rhythm effect on NF occurred post-DLMO by 16.8h (±1.0h) for KSS, 15.9h (±1.4h) for DSST, and 18.6h (±1.0h) for PVT, which was not significantly different (F2,9=1.55, p=0.26).

Conclusion
As proof of principle, we studied three distinct NF assays, and found only small, non-significant differences between them in the timing of underlying circadian rhythmicity. While a larger sample could have yielded statistical significance in our comparison of circadian peak times, the small magnitude of the observed difference does not support the idea of inherent task-dependent differences in the timing of the endogenous circadian rhythm’s influence on NF.

Support (If Any)
CDMRP W81XWH-16-1-0319 and W81XWH-20-1-0442
0241 N3 Slow Wave Duration Correlates with Next-Day Savoring Behavior in Pre-pubertal Children
Authors: Alfano Candice , Baran Bengi , Palmer Cara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Recent meta-analysis (Tomaso et al., 2020) indicates sleep loss to have more profound adverse effects on positive than negative emotion, and experimental studies in adults suggest disruption of slow wave sleep (SWS) in particular mediates these effects (Finan et al., 2015; 2017). In pre-pubertal children, greater SWS has been shown to protect against next day negative affect (Palmer & Alfano, 2017) as well as the development of depression years later (Silk et al., 2007); however specific emotion-based mechanisms underlying these effects have rarely been explored. Pre-pubertal years especially represent a critical developmental window for probing these relationships due to dramatic decreases in SWS that occur during pubertal transition (Carskadon & Dement, 2011).

Methods
We detected slow waves (0.5 – 4 Hz) during N3 sleep using an automated algorithm among N=18 pre-pubertal children (7-11 years) during a night of normal sleep in relation to next-day savoring; a positive emotion regulation strategy that includes using thoughts and actions to increase the intensity, duration, and appreciation of positive experiences and emotions. Healthy children without any psychiatric disorders completed a night of at-home PSG monitoring (10 hr sleep opportunity). The next morning at 11:00, children returned to the clinic for an in-lab emotional assessment. Before and during the assessment, children were told/reminded that they would be given a piece of chocolate to enjoy at the end of the assessment. After children consumed the chocolate, they were asked several questions about how much they ‘savored’ the experience. All analyses controlled for total sleep time on the PSG night and there were no differences in SWA based on gender.

Results
Results indicated that the average duration of detected N3 SWs (F3/F4) correlated significantly with the extent to which children enjoyed the chocolate overall (r =.50, p &lt;.05), felt they did a good job enjoying the chocolate while eating it (r =.44-.49, p &lt;.05) and looked forward to eating the chocolate during the assessment (r =.46-.50, p &lt;.05).

Conclusion
Although preliminary, these novel findings suggest that greater intensity of SWS may have a modulatory effect on subsequent emotional responses to positive experiences/events, which could be protective for longer term affective health.

Support (If Any)
0263 Slow-wave Disruption Improves Irritability in Males with Major Depression: Potential Implications for Understanding the Impact of Sex Differences on Sleep and Neuroplasticity
Authors: Goldschmied Jennifer , Goldstein Elena , Palermo Emma , Costello Samantha , Games Margaux , Gehrman Philip 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Irritability has been proposed to be a core symptom of male-specific major depressive disorder (MDD), with a greater propensity to experiencing anger attacks and overreacting to minor annoyances compared to females with MDD. Males with MDD have also been shown to exhibit a pattern of reduced slow-wave sleep (SWS) that is not characteristic of females. Because SWS has been implicated in the homeostatic regulation of neuroplasticity, it is possible that this mood dysfunction in males is a result of SWS alterations via impairments in neuroplasticity. Therefore, in this study we aimed to manipulate SWS and examine its impact on mood.

Methods
19 individuals (11 F) with MDD were recruited for an ongoing clinical trial. Participants spent two nights in the sleep laboratory one week apart: a baseline (BL) night, and a night of slow-wave sleep disruption (SWD) utilizing auditory stimulation. Irritability was assessed in the morning following each overnight visit using the 5-item Brief Irritability Test (BITe). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the change in irritability following SWD with condition (BL, SWD) as the within-subject factor and sex (M, F) as the between-subjects factor.

Results
Results revealed a significant Condition x Sex interaction (F(1,17) =10.1, p=.006) for change in irritability scores, with post-hoc t-tests indicating that males with MDD showed a significant decrease in irritability following SWD, t(7)=2.22, p&lt;.05 while women showed a significant increase in irritability, t(10)=-2.34, p&lt;.05. Changes in irritability were not found to be associated with changes in N3.

Conclusion
These data demonstrate that experimentally reducing SWS decreases irritability, a core symptom of mood dysfunction, in males with MDD. As SWS has been theorized to facilitate synaptic downscaling, these results may indicate that maintaining waking levels of synaptic strength in males improves depressive symptomatology and may point to the importance of sex differences in sleep and psychopathology. Moreover, these results suggest that the modulation of neuroplasticity via sleep manipulation may be a potential therapeutic target.

Support (If Any)
K23MH118580 (JG)
0275 Effect of acutely induced severe OSA on AD plasma biomarkers
Authors: Kam Korey , Jun Jonathan , Bubu Omonigho , Mullins Anna , Parekh Ankit , Gu Chenjuan , Pham Luu , Rapoport David , Ayappa Indu , Osorio Ricardo , Varga Andrew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression but a causal relationship is unclear. We hypothesized that OSA can influence (AD) biomarkers including beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, as well as neural filament light chain (NfL).

Methods
To test this hypothesis, we examined plasma tau, NfL, Aβ42, and Aβ40 in a randomized crossover study of OSA vs. 3-night CPAP withdrawal in 30 subjects with severe OSA adherent to CPAP. We compared the overnight change in evening to morning plasma samples across the untreated night (off) versus CPAP treated night (on). Paired t-tests were used to compare measures across sleep conditions while hierarchical linear regression with difference in the overnight change of each biomarker between conditions were set as dependent variables with age and sex as covariates.

Results
Of the 30 subjects, mean age was 52 years and 27% were women. As expected, CPAP withdrawal caused sleep disruption and recurrence of underlying OSA. Sleep architecture measures including %N3 (Off: 6.1% [3.7-8.5], On: 15.1% [10.6-19.6], p&lt;0.001), %REM (Off: 11.8% [8.8-14.7], On: 20.6% [18.3-22.9], p&lt;0.001), and measures of breathing such as AHI4% (Off: 63/hr [54-72], On: 3/hr [2-4], p&lt;0.001), SpO2 below 90% (Off: 20 min [14-26], On: 1 min [0-3], p&lt;0.001), and SpO2 min (Off: 77% [74-80], On: 88% [86-90], p&lt;0.001) were all significantly different in the untreated versus CPAP treated nights. Compared to CPAP treatment, the overnight change in NfL was increased relative to CPAP withdrawal while the overnight change in Aβ40 was decreased relative to CPAP withdrawal. No change was observed with tau or Aβ42. We found that difference in %N3 between the on- and off-CPAP conditions significantly explained an additional 15.7% of the variance beyond a base model including age and sex alone. No other difference in sleep architecture or apnea severity/hypoxemic burden metric significantly contributed to the variance in overnight change in Aβ40 between conditions, and we identified no significant predictors for variance in overnight change in NfL.

Conclusion
This study presents some of the first evidence for an effect of acute CPAP withdrawal on neurodegenerative and amyloid plasma biomarkers and implicates a role for N3 sleep in this effect.

Support (If Any)
AASMF Focus award, NIDDK P30DK072488, R01AG066870, K24HL109156
0289 Affect and Affective Personality during a Simulated First Night Shift
Authors: Ply Christopher , Pilcher June 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Shiftwork contributes to work-related stress and chronic partial sleep deprivation. A first night shift can be particularly problematical for many workers since they are required to adjust to working at night following a period of sleeping at night. Part of this adjustment involves emotional stability and reactivity including affect. The purpose of this study is to examine how affect and a related construct, affective personality, changes during a simulated first night shift.

Methods
Ninety undergraduate students, 60 males and 30 females (22.1 ± 3.0 years), participated in a simulated first night shift. As part of the night shift, the participants completed the PANAS test (using the cue: how they felt lately) assessing positive and negative affect four times during the simulated shift (6:30 pm, 10:30 pm, 3 am, 7:30 am). The PANAS data were grouped using median split values from the 6:30 pm survey into high and low positive and negative affect groups to represent four categories of affective personality (Self-Actualizing: high positive, low negative; High Affective: high positive, high negative; Self-Destructive: low positive, high negative; Low Affective: low positive, low negative).

Results
A 2x4 ANOVA found significant changes across the night for affect (p&lt;.0001), a significant difference between positive and negative affect (p&lt;.0001), and a significant interaction (p&lt;.0001) with positive affect decreasing during the night but negative affect remaining stable. A Friedman Test found significant changes in affective personality across the night (p&lt;.0001) with decreasing occurrences of Self-Actualizing and High Affective but increasing occurrences of Self-Destructive and Low Affective personality types.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that positive affect decreases during a first night shift which could reduce workers’ competence resulting in more performance errors and potential safety hazards. The change in affective personality suggests that these groupings are not personality traits but instead could be considered affective personality states. Managers and organizations should anticipate decreases in the positive affective personality states during a first night shift and may find that workers will be less adaptive and efficient.

Support (If Any)
This research funded in part by the Creative Inquiry Program at Clemson University.