bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of eclipse timing: the case of V471 Tauri
Authors: Kundra Emil , Hambálek Ľubomír , Vanaverbeke Siegfried , Dubovský Pavol , Logie Ludwig , Rau Steve , Dubois Franky 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The post-common envelope binary V471 Tauri has been an object of interest for decades. V471 Tau shows various phenomena due to its evolutionary state and unique properties, e.g. its magnetic accretion and eclipse timing variation (ETV). Previous authors explained the ETVs by different sometimes contradictory theories. In this paper, we present and analyse the variability of the eclipse timing of this star. We observed V471 Tauri over the last 10 yr and covered the second cycle of its period variation. Based on our analysis of the presented data, we assess the possible existence of a brown dwarf in this system and derive its orbital parameters. We compare the results of our dynamical modelling to the solution predicted by Applegate-mechanism theories, which have been developed in recent studies. We found that the observed ETV cannot be explained only by the presence of additional components to the binary.
Common-envelope shaping of planetary nebulae – IV. From protoplanetary to planetary nebula
Authors: García-Segura Guillermo , Taam Ronald E , Ricker Paul M 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present 2D hydrodynamical simulations of the transition of a protoplanetary nebula (PPN) to a planetary nebula for central stars in binary systems that have undergone a common-envelope event. After 1000 yr of magnetically driven dynamics (PPN phase), a line-driven stellar wind is introduced into the computational domain and the expansion of the nebula is simulated for another 10 000 yr, including the effects of stellar photoionization. In this study we consider central stars with main sequence (final) masses of 1 (0.569) and 2.5 (0.677) M⊙, together with a 0.6-M⊙ main-sequence companion. Extremely bipolar, narrow-waisted PPNe result in bipolar planetary nebulae, while the rest of the shapes mainly evolve into elliptical planetary nebulae. The initial magnetic field’s effects on the collimated structures, such as jets, tend to disappear in most of the cases, leaving behind the remnants of those features in only a few cases. Equatorial zones fragmented mainly by photoionization (1-M⊙progenitors), result in ‘necklace’ structures made of cometary clumps aligned with the radiation field. On the other hand, fragmentation by photoionization and shocked wind (2.5-M⊙progenitors) give rise to the formation of multiple clumps in the latitudinal direction, which remain within the lobes, close to the center, which are immersed and surrounded by hot shocked gas, not necessarily aligned with the radiation field. These results reveal that the fragmentation process has a dependence on the stellar-mass progenitor. This fragmentation is made possible by the distribution of gas in the previous post-common-envelope PPN as sculpted by the action of the jets.
Testing for spectral index variations in polarized CMB foregrounds
Authors: de Belsunce Roger , Gratton Steven , Efstathiou George 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a Bayesian parametric component separation method for polarized microwave sky maps. We solve jointly for the primary cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal and the main Galactic polarized foreground components. For the latter, we consider electron-synchrotron radiation and thermal dust emission, modelled in frequency as a power law and a modified blackbody, respectively. We account for inter-pixel correlations in the noise covariance matrices of the input maps and introduce a spatial correlation length in the prior matrices for the spectral indices β. We apply our method to low-resolution polarized Planck 2018 Low and High Frequency Instrument (LFI/HFI) data, including the SRoll2 re-processing of HFI data. We find evidence for spatial variation of the synchrotron spectral index, and no evidence for depolarization of dust. Using the HFI SRoll2 maps, and applying wide priors on the spectral indices, we find a mean polarized synchrotron spectral index over the unmasked sky of $\bar{\beta }_{\rm sync}=-2.83\pm 0.62$. For polarized thermal dust emission, we obtain $\bar{\beta }_{\rm dust}=1.43\pm 0.24$. Using our recovered CMB maps and associated uncertainties, we constrain the optical depth to reionization, τ, using a cross-spectrum-based likelihood-approximation scheme (momento) to be τ = 0.0598 ± 0.0059. We confirm our findings using a pixel-based likelihood (pixLike). In both cases, we obtain a result that is consistent with that found by subtracting spatially uniform foreground templates. While the latter method is sufficient for current polarization data from Planck, next-generation space-borne CMB experiments will need more powerful schemes such as the one presented here.
Using a high-throughput, whole-cell hydrogenase assay to identify potential small molecule inhibitors of [NiFe]-hydrogenase
Authors: Sebastiampillai Stephanie , Lacasse Michael J , McCusker Susan , Campbell Tracey , Nitz Mark , Zamble Deborah B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
[NiFe]-hydrogenases are used by several human pathogens to catalyze the reversible conversion between molecular hydrogen and protons and electrons. Hydrogenases provide an increased metabolic flexibility for pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori, by allowing the use of molecular hydrogen as an energy source to promote survival in anaerobic environments. With the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the desire for novel therapeutics, the [NiFe]-hydrogenases are alluring targets. Inhibiting the nickel insertion pathway of [NiFe]-hydrogenases is attractive as this pathway is required for the generation of functional enzymes and is orthogonal to human biochemistry. In this work, nickel availability for the production and function of E. coli [NiFe]-hydrogenase was explored through immunoblot and activity assays. Whole-cell hydrogenase activities were assayed in high throughput against a small molecule library of known bioactives. Iodoquinol was identified as a potential inhibitor of the nickel biosynthetic pathway of [NiFe]-hydrogenase through a two-step screening process, but further studies with immunoblot assays showed confounding effects dependent on the cell growth phase. This study highlights the significance of considering the growth phenotype for whole-cell based assays overall and its effects on various cellular processes influenced by metal trafficking and homeostasis.
A Pilot Randomised Trial Investigating the Effects of Including Efficacy Messaging on Tobacco Warning Labels
Authors: Brinken Lillian , Ferguson Stuart G , Buscot Marie-Jeanne , Schüz Benjamin , Maynard Olivia , Schüz Natalie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionSmokers can respond defensively to health risk communication such as on-pack warning labels, potentially reducing their effectiveness. Theory suggests that risk perception together with self-efficacy reduces defensive responses and predicts target behaviors. Currently, tobacco warning labels globally predominantly target risk and do not explicitly consider efficacy.AimsThis study explores the effectiveness of combining Australian tobacco warning labels with efficacy content to increase quitting intentions.MethodsRCT in 83 smokers over 3 weeks. After a seven-day baseline phase (smoking from usual tobacco packaging), participants were randomized to one of two adhesive labels groups for the remaining 14 days: Standard health warning labels (HWLs) featuring enhanced efficacy messages (experimental group) or unmodified standard HWLs (control group). Participants attached these labels to their tobacco packaging and recorded their cognitions and smoking behavior once daily using Smartphones. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to test theorized effects of the labels on self-efficacy, risk perception, and intentions to quit.ResultsThere was no effect of exposure to efficacy messages on either self-efficacy, risk perceptions, or intentions to quit. However, self-efficacy and risk perceptions were positively associated with quitting intentions at the within-person level.ConclusionsThe predictive relationships between self-efficacy, risk perception, and intention to quit were supported, however, supplementing standard warning labels with efficacy messages had no effect on these cognitions. Whether this is due to conditioned avoidance of HWLS, characteristics of the messages, or limitations imposed by format are unclear.ImplicationsSelf-efficacy and risk perception predict intentions to quit smoking. Adding efficacy content to tobacco health warnings may have the potential to bolster these cognitions but more research is required to determine the contexts in which this would be effective and who would be likely to benefit. The time course by which exposure to efficacy content might influence cessation self-efficacy and downstream quitting intentions also needs to be investigated.
Recurrence of Hypophysitis After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Rechallenge
Authors: Park Benjamin C , Jung Seungyeon , Wright Jordan J , Johnson Douglas B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced hypophysitis is an immune-mediated pituitary inflammation that tends to cause long-term pituitary deficiency. Management of ICI-induced hypophysitis includes corticosteroids for acute inflammation and long-term hormone replacement due to irreversible pituitary cell damage. We report a case of recurrent hypophysitis following ICI rechallenge for metastatic melanoma. A 33-year-old woman with recurrent metastatic melanoma with adrenal, pelvic, and inguinal metastases developed recurrent hypophysitis during treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab which recurred with rechallenge &gt;5 years later. In both cases, headache was the most notable symptom and brain MRI showed pituitary enlargement and edema without evidence of metastases. Central adrenal insufficiency and symptoms caused by mass effect were treated with acute high-dose corticosteroids and long-term replacement corticosteroids. Based on recurrence and failure of symptomatic treatment with continued steroid treatment, ICI was discontinued. This case illustrates that hypophysitis may recur with ICI rechallenge, challenging traditional assumptions that chronic, irreversible irAEs are unlikely to recur or flare. The regenerative potential of pituitary cells after ICI-induced damage or additional damage to previously unaffected cells may be more conceivable than previously realized. Additional research on the potential for recurrent ICI-induced endocrinopathies are needed.
The Intellectual Context
Authors: Coffey John 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Evangelicalism is often associated with anti-intellectualism, yet its chief architects were clerical intellectuals like August Hermann Francke, Isaac Watts, Jonathan Edwards, and John Wesley. Recent scholarship has put religion back into eighteenth-century intellectual history and rediscovered the evangelical intelligentsia. This chapter begins by examining the ideological climate of the era, which was variable: depending on time and place, it could be hostile or hospitable toward revealed religion. The chapter then considers the intellectual culture of evangelicalism and the evangelical reception of Enlightenment texts. It plots a path between polarized accounts: a conflict thesis that stereotypes evangelicals as anti-intellectual or counter-Enlightenment, and a compatibility thesis that overplays the affinity between evangelicals and the Enlightenment. The author shows that evangelicals read the modern literati with a sense of alarm but also (at times) with a sense of appreciation. Early evangelicalism was defined by its hostility to both the irreligious and the religious Enlightenment, but evangelicals proved receptive to certain elements of Enlightenment: anti-scholasticism, religious toleration, political economy, social reform, and belief in human progress.
Sport, Society, and Scholarly Inquiry
Authors: Wenner Lawrence A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers the interdisciplinary scope of scholarly inquiry about sport and society and introduces the Handbook. The chapter begins with a stocktaking of the scholarly landscape of research on sport and society, situating sociocultural inquiry in the multifaceted renderings of sport studies in the academic setting. Considered are long-standing formations in physical education (and newer scientized articulations, such as kinesiology, exercise science, human movement studies, human performance). Extensive attention is given to sociocultural inquiry in and through the sociology of sport. Consideration is given to growing interest across the social sciences and humanities in disciplines such as history, religion, philosophy, political science, and psychology. New opportunities and threats to the sociocultural study of sport are assessed in three areas: (1) physical cultural studies, (2) media and communication studies, and (3) sport management. In closing, the volume’s concept and scope are introduced. Chapters in the volume use a common structure—(1) Issues, (2) Approaches, and (3) Debates—and are organized within six sections: (1) Society and Values, (2) Enterprise and Capital, (3) Participation and Cultures, (4) Lifespan and Careers, (5) Inclusion and Exclusion, and (6) Spectator Engagement and Media.
Sport, Spectacle, and Mega-Events
Authors: Horne John 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the age of global television and social media, the capacity of sports mega-events to shape and project images of the host city and nation made them a highly attractive instrument for political and economic elites. It was in this context that the pursuit of hosting sports mega-events, such as the Olympic Games and the FIFA Men’s World Cup, became an increasingly popular strategy of governments, corporations, and civic “boosters” worldwide. Compared with this conventional—or previously dominant—view, the exploding costs and marginal returns in host cities over the past 15 years have nurtured studies with a much more critical outlook and have themselves informed the growth of anti-mega-event protest and activism. The hosting of a mega-event skews all other economic and social priorities, implies significant opportunity costs, and places an undue financial burden on host city populations that fund the global “party.” This chapter considers the key issues, approaches, and debates over sports mega-events that have developed over the past two decades in this light.
Sport, Corruption, and Fraud
Authors: Kihl Lisa A. , Ordway Catherine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The emergent study of corruption in sport has enhanced our understanding of why sport corruption occurs and of countermeasure tactics. Despite scholarship and concerted global and national efforts to limit corruption risks and activities, corruption in sport competitions and management practices is a persistent feature of the sporting industry. This chapter highlights some of the issues related to current types and forms of sport corruption (e.g., match manipulation, fraud, systematic corruption) that transcend national boundaries, sport disciplines, competition levels, and various actors. An assessment is given of the main theoretical approaches used to analyze how and why corruption occurs in national and international governing bodies and in community sport organizations, whether through internal actors or influenced by transnational organized crime groups. Last, an argument is presented to consider the development of a sport integrity system to counteract integrity risks more effectively.
Sport, Health, and Well-Being
Authors: Safai Parissa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sport is often touted by many as good for one’s health and well-being; in fact, Hippocrates is thought to have once said that “sport is the preserver of health.” And yet there is a substantial amount of scholarly research, across a range of disciplines, that problematizes this commonplace assumption. This chapter explores the central question: Is sport participation healthful for well-being? Organized in three parts, the chapter first examines key conceptual challenges associated with unpacking this question. For example, what do we mean when we refer to the concepts of sport, health, and well-being? The second section explores the challenges faced by critical social scientists in disrupting the commonplace notion of sport as good for one’s health, and the third section highlights the questions: Can contemporary sport be good for one’s health, and if so, how?
Sport, Emotion, and Engagement
Authors: Potrac Paul A. , Gearity Brian T. , Nichol Adam J. , Hall Edward T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Emotions are an essential feature of social life. They are the glue that can bind people together or, instead, drive them apart. In recent years, sociologists have increasingly considered (1) how emotions such as guilt, joy, anger, and pride are enacted, embodied, and produced in, as well as through, relations with others, and (2) the consequences of emotional experience for individual and group life. Unfortunately, there has been a paucity of corresponding inquiry within the sociology of sport. This chapter considers some of the ways in which the subdiscipline might productively engage with emotions in the sporting milieu. In order to achieve this goal, the chapter is divided into three sections. The first section addresses foundational issues regarding the sociological study of emotion. The second section provides an overview of several theoretical approaches that have been used to advance our understanding of emotion. The final section considers some of the ways in which this theorizing could be utilized to frame and enrich research in the sociology of sport subdiscipline.
Sport, Labor, and Migration
Authors: Molnár Győző 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers a discussion on some of the general features of sport labor migration research. The treatment draws on general migration literature and contemporary events to demonstrate the current significance of migrations. The focus then shifts to issues in sport labor migrations research, including the existing gaps between general and sport migration research and the need for broadening the sport array of migration research, moving toward interdisciplinary approaches and reconsidering traditional, Western-based research practices. The chapter first offers an overview of key theoretical approaches present in this area of research, focusing on Marxism, cultural studies, process sociology, and transnational mobility. Each theoretical approach is considered in relation to its classical roots and sport labor migration. This is followed by a section that explores debates around the history, role, and limitations of migratory typologies. There are advantages to engaging with general migration typologies to enhance sport research, while acknowledging the limitations of ideal-typical representations. The concluding section offers a brief summary of the chapter and a recommendation for researchers interested in sport labor migration regarding the importance of continually revisiting their own and others’ work and reflecting on the pertinence and meaning of the research they do.
Sport, Athletic Careers, and Retirement
Authors: Roderick Martin , Kamperman Lauren M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The careers of athletes are the subject of routine, populist debate. Academic analyses of athletes’ work histories and careers generally lack conceptual and empirical depth, in part because of the paucity of methodological innovation in this field. While sociologists and psychologists have undertaken studies of athletic careers, only rarely do they collaborate. Studies undertaken by sociologists tend to employ ethnographic methodological approaches to grasp the nature and meaning of athlete subjective experiences; sport psychologists have focused attention on describing career stages and identifying transitional demands and coping strategies associated with career development. The transition away from sport has received concentrated analysis and constitutes the key career transition, with research examining complex and uneven experiences of loss and liberation “post-sport.” Interesting recent scholarly development in this field concerns the notion of dual careers, which focuses on the challenges that athletes experience in their attempts to combine sport and work/education.
Sport, Aging, and Adaptation
Authors: Pike Elizabeth C. J. , Mathie Elspeth J. , Buckley Daniel D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The world’s population is aging at such a rate that persons over 65 now outnumber children under 5, representing one of the most significant social transformations in the 21st century. Sport and physical activity play a key role in helping people to adapt to their aging bodies, while societies adapt to their changing demographics. This chapter examines key social models, theories, and methods in understanding these trends, paying particular attention to the experiences of those living with dementia and the need for researchers to adapt their methodology to be appropriate to the older adults they are researching. The case is made that citizens of most countries have a responsibility to adapt to being members of an aging society, that sport can make a positive contribution to the process of adaptation, and that effective adaptation will take place only if it is multifaceted, multilevel, and multipartnered.
Sport, Social Inclusion, and Development
Authors: Sherry Emma , Raw Katherine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the ways in which sport can contribute to social inclusion and individual or community development. Sport has been demonstrated to act as a tool for community development and inclusion for individuals and groups who have traditionally been excluded from participating or leading organized sport. The chapter first provides an overview and conceptualization of both social inclusion and sport for development before discussing the mechanisms used to achieve social inclusion in the sport for development context. The chapter discusses the different approaches to social inclusion in organized sport settings, under the broad focus of increasing diversity and inclusion. It also outlines different approaches to social inclusion and development experienced by different groups, as not all social groups experience the same discrimination in the sport system. This critical section discusses the diversity of experience and mechanisms for social inclusion, including gender, sexuality, ethnicity, disability, and social class. In addition, the chapter provides an intersectional analysis that illustrates how sport can potentially address the traditional exclusionary structures that exist within broader society, while acknowledging the genuine criticisms and debates on the efficacy of a social inclusion agenda in the sport sector.