bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Potential Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Barks Extract of Persea americana (Mill) and its Solvent Fractions against Randomly Selected Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Ikpefan E. O. , Omosor K. K. , Ikpefan J. O. , Olowojoba J. I. 
Published: December 2022

Persea americana stem barks are used locally in parts of Nigeria in treating bacterial infections. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial potential of the methanol extract and fractions against S. aureus, B. substilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans and Aspergilus species. The plant material was extracted with 80% methanol and partitioned into chloroform and aqueous phases which were evaluated for antimicrobial activities using agar well diffusion method. The methanol extract inhibited the growth of the test organisms; P. aeruginosa showed the most activity at 100mg/mL. The CHCl3 fraction of the plant extract was ineffective against gram negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) at low concentrations. The CHCl3 fraction was most effective against S. aureus at 50mg/mL but ineffective against gram-negative organisms at lower concentrations. The extract's H2O fraction had the most antimicrobial activity. The H2O fraction inhibited B. substilis at 50mg/mL (8.50±1.08mm).Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, among others were observed in the extract and fractions. Owing to the higher antimicrobial activity in the H2O fraction, the active antimicrobial compounds could be polar in nature. The higher inhibitory activity recorded by the H2O fraction supports the folkloric use of P. Americana.
Willingness to Accept COVID-19 Vaccine among Anaesthetists in Nigeria
Authors: Akhideno II , Alenoghena IO 
Published: December 2022

Background: Critical measures in the prevention and control of COVID-19 disease require health care professionals. This study aimed to assess the willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine among anaesthetists in Nigeria.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving the total population of anaesthetists in Nigeria was carried out with the use of self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0 statistical software.
Results: A total of 195 respondents were assessed during this study. All of them were aware of COVID-19 disease, 119 (61%) had a good knowledge of COVID-19 disease while 57 (29.2%) and 19 (9.7%) had fair and poor knowledge, respectively. Over half of the respondents, 103 (52.8%) were willing to accept the vaccine. Predictors of willingness to accept the vaccine included being of the male gender (AOR=2.5, 95%CI=1.213-5.246, p=0.013), being from the South-west geopolitical zone (AOR=3.134, 95% CI= 1.353- 8.651, p=0.020) and having a good knowledge of the vaccine (AOR=14.910, 95%CI=6.114-36.359, p= <0.001).
Conclusion: Slightly over half of the respondents were willing to accept COVID 19 vaccines. There is an urgent need for tertiary health institutions in Nigeria to sensitize anaesthetists especially the females on the need to accept the vaccine.
The Role of the Ward Health System in COVID-19 Pandemic Response in Nigeria: A Case Study of Edo State
Authors: Alenoghena IO , Omuemu VO 
Published: December 2022

Background: Preventive measures remain the hallmark of effective containment of epidemics such as the recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. These measures are best applied using existing framework for healthcare delivery and epidemic response such as the ward health system (WHS). The structure of the WHS is interrelated to that of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system for effective surveillance and outbreak response in the community. This paper examines the established pattern in disease prevention and the role of the WHS system in COVID-19 pandemic response in Edo State, Nigeria.
Discussion: Disease prevention seeks to avert the occurrence of disease, arrest its progress, and reduce its consequences once it is established. The various taskforce and committees that were formed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Edo State were not integrated with existing local government Epidemic Preparedness and Response committees and the Rapid Response Teams. They also had no links with the already established ward development and village development committees in the communities.
Conclusion: There is an existing framework for disease prevention and control based on the WHS in Edo State, however, this system was not integrated into the COVID-19 pandemic response activities. Incorporating and strengthening partnerships with the existing WHS framework would be key for effective pandemic response in the future.
Oral hygiene and gingival disease among children with structural heart disease at a tertiary hospital in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkadir M.B. , Adeyemi M.F. , Owolabi B.I. , Issa A. , Suberu H.D. , Oladele D.P. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Poor oral hygiene and gingival disease are factors that increase risk of infective endocarditis in children with structural heart disease. The objectives were to evaluate the oral hygiene status of children with structural heart disease and the prevalence of dental caries/ gingival disease among them.
Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Subjects were children aged6 months to 14 years with structural heart disease. Relevant sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. The Decayed, Missing Filled –Teeth (DMF-T) index and Simplified Oral Hygiene index-S (OHI-S) were used to evaluate for dental caries and oral hygiene respectively.
Results: Forty-eight subjects were recruited. Median (IQR) age was 1.88 (0.50 – 6.75) years. Commonest structural heart diseases were ventricular septal defects (19 subjects; 39.6%), rheumatic heart disease (6; 12.5%), and Tetralogy of Fallot (5; 10.4%). Prevalence of dental caries amongst subjects was 11.4% (four of the 35). Six (12.5%) had gingival disease and one (2.9%) had poor oral hygiene. Thirty-two (91.4%) subjects had their mouth cleaned daily, while only four (12.5%) of these had it cleaned at least twice a day.
Conclusion: Dental caries and poor oral hygiene are common amongst children with structural heart disease.
Family caregivers' burden and coping strategies with clients living with schizophrenia in neuropsychiatry specialist hospital in Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa O.S. , Kehinde F.O. 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Caring for schizophrenic clients has an enduring effect and leads to a substantial level of burden for the caregivers. This study assessed the caregivers' burden and coping strategies with patients living with schizophrenia.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to assess the family caregivers' burden and coping strategies with clients living with schizophrenia in Neuropsychiatry Specialist Hospital. The Zarit Burden Interview Scale was used to assess the participants' level of burden while the Brief CopeScale was utilized for the assessment of their coping strategies. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.
Results: 63.5% of the family caregivers were married.53%had a mild to moderate burden, 38% had a moderate to a severe burden, 1% had severe, and only 8% had little or no burden. The family caregivers utilized a mix of coping strategies. The coping strategy most commonly used among the respondents was 'Religion' mean being 2.9270±0.86466 SD.
Conclusion: A significant number of family caregivers experience a burden related to the care of their loved ones. Therefore, healthcare providers must offer psychological support to and teach family caregivers effective coping strategies necessary for reducing their burden of care.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE PEMBIASAAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Berlianti Reri , Kurniawan Kurniawan , Cikdin Cikdin 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap gambaran implementasi metode pembiasaan dalam pembalajaran PAI pada siswa kelas 2 Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah 1A Ujung Tanjung, Kabupaten Lebong, Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpul data yaitu wawancara virtual dan menggunakan media Whatsapp, karena mengingat bahwa kondisi saat penelitian masih dalam menjaga jarak sosial di masa pamdemi Covid-19. Setelah data terkumpul, tahapan selanjutnya adalah tahap analisis data yaitu pemilihan data, penyajian dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menemukan simpulan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru PAI SD Muhammadiyah 1A dengan menggunakan metode pembiasaan terdapat beberapa tahapan antara lain: memilih materi yang tepat ketika akan menerapkan metode pembiasaan; menjelaskan materi yang cara memberikan contoh praktis yang mudah di pahami dan diikuti oleh siswa; mengajak siswa untuk bersama mempraktekkan setelah materi diberikan;dan memerintahkan siswa untuk membiasakan materi yang telah diberikan secara mandiri baik di sekolah maupun di rumah
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF AZ-ZARNUJI
Authors: Acip  , Khaerunnisa  
Published: December 2022

Pendidikan akhlak sangat penting untuk digalakan karena merupakan bagian dari agama, apalagi pada zaman ini penomena merosotnya akhlak pelajar sangat nampak dan jelas yang menggambarkan gagalnya proses pendidikan di sekolah-sekolah, kurangnya peran pendidkan akhlak di keluarga dan sikap acuhnya sebagian masyarakat sehingga lahirlah generasi yang bermental preman, tidak bertanggung jawab dll. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai pendidikan akhlak dalam pespektif Az- Zarnuji yang tertuang pada karyanya dalam bidang akhlak yaitu kitab Ta’lîm Al-Muta’allim Tharîq At-Ta’allum yang menjadi bahan ajar kaum santri di pesantren-pesantren tradisonal di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif jenis reseach library dengan pendekatan historis dan pilosofis. Hasil penilitian menunjukkan bahwa kitab ta’limul muta’allim menjelaskan seluruh aspek akhlak yaitu (1). Akhlak pelajar terhadap Allah. (2). Akhlak pelajar terhadap diri sendiri, (3). Akhlak pelajar terhadap guru, (4). Akhlak pelajar terhadap orang tua, (5). Akhlak pelajar terhadap teman, (6). Akhlak pelajar terhadap ilmu, (7). Akhlak pelajar ketika belajar.
Analisis Tingkat Kejenuhan Belajar Siswa Kelas I pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Daulay Agus Satria , Saragih Cindi Safitra , Sitorus Jesika , Suryadi Yeanny 
Published: December 2022

Permasalahan dalam belajar di sekolah diantaranya adalah turunnya motivasi siswa saat mengikuti pembelajaran. Rasa jenuh membuat motivasi dari belajar menurun, sehingga kondisi di dalam kelas menjadi tidak koperatif terhadap materi ajar. Hal yang paling mempengaruhi kejenuhan siswa tersebut adalah sikap guru dalam menguasai kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan media pembelajaran yang mengandung muatan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, mampu menekan kejenuhan siswa saat belajar, sehingga hasil belajar yang didapatkan lebih tinggi sesudah media tersebut digunakan oleh guru. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk memperoleh serta mengetahui perbedaan motivasi dan tingkat kejenuhan siswa atau hasil belajar pada muatan Bahasa Indonesia antara pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran dan dengan yang tidak menggunakan media pembelajaran pada kelas 1 SD. Hasil penelitian membuktikan, tingkat kejenuhan menurun dengan ukuran nilai yang meningkat, yaitu sebesar 20,25%, dimana sebelum menggunakan media hanya mencapai 60,20%. Sedangkan setelah penerapan media mencapai 80,45%.
English Language Proficiency through the TOEFL Test Taken by UMNAW Postgraduate Students
Authors: Prawiyata Yugi Diraga , Barus Ulian 
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this research was to find out how the English proficiency of UMNAW postgraduate students was measured with the TOEFL test consisted of three main sections; Listening Comprehension, Structure and Written Expression, and Reading Comprehension. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative research design in which the researcher described and analyzed students’ English proficiency based on the TOEFL test. The fourth-year postgraduate students of the Indonesian Language Education Study Program in the Academic Year 2021/2022 total of 10 people the population of the research. Based on the research findings, it can be classified that in Listening Comprehension Section one student got the highest score 28 and one students got the lowest score of 18. In the Structure and Written Expression Section, one student got the highest score 24 and one student got the lowest score of 15. In Reading Comprehension Section, one student got the highest score 28 and one student got the lowest score of 19. After being converted, one student got the highest score 453 and one student got the lowest score 440. Furthermore, it can be classified that UMNAW postgraduate students taking the TOEFL test are at a Low Intermediate level. This research is then expected to be a reference for further research and can be more perfectly developed.
Symbolism in The Animated Film Raya and the Last Dragon
Authors: Wulan Sri , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Putri Nada Febriansyah 
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study is to find out the major symbols in the animated film entitled Raya and the Last Dragon. The film presented lots of signs. This study focuses on the major symbols in the film. The major symbols are most frequently mentioned and presented in the film. They are considered representative symbols in the film. The major symbols were analyzed by the application of the qualitative approach. Five symbols are presented in this study. To begin with, the land of heart symbolically means the center of prosperity. The heart is considered the land of welfare. In addition, Kumandra means the land of harmony and peace. The people live harmoniously and peacefully with nature in Kumandra. Furthermore, Dragon’s Gem has also a symbolical meaning of unity. The gem gives a message of being united. Additionally, Sisu is the last dragon awakened by Raya, the protagonist. Sisu also gives a symbolic meaning of trust. Sisu teaches other characters to trust each other. Lastly, Drunn implies a symbolical meaning. It conveys the threat of sustainable development for humans and the environment. All in all, the five major symbols in the film contain meanings. Their meanings are the message of the film. Above and beyond, the five symbols give a message of living with unity, harmony, and peace with nature to maintain environmental sustainability. The five symbols as well prove reading a literary work is advantageous because the readers can be enlightened by the moral message of the literary work.
Effect Of Taking Oral Honey In Reducing Postoperative Tonsillectomy Pain And Analgesic Dosage
Authors: Dr. Gehan Refat Hefnawy  
Published: December 2022

Context: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common childhood operations. Postoperative complications of tonsillectomy include pain, nausea and vomiting, interruption of oral intake, airway obstruction with respiratory compromise, and primary or secondary postoperative bleeding. Historically, honey has been used for wound control, reducing the inflammation, and healing acceleration. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of honey on reducing of postoperative pain and decreasing of analgesic dosage among tonsillectomy children 3-15 years old. Study Design: quasi-experimental study design was used. Materials and Methods: Forty patients were randomly divided in two equal groups. Control group were treated with traditional treatment (acetaminophen and antibiotic), while, case group were treated with (acetaminophen, antibiotic and 10 ml of pure honey every 8 hours). Data was gathered via interview of child relatives at the first day of operation than through telephone number the researcher fill questionnaire about pain score assess through Visual analogue scale (VAS) and number of painkiller taken through seven follow-up day. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS 17 software and related tests. Results: Pain comparison between two groups illustrated that the average time required for pain relief in patients who received honey was less than the control. The pain intensity was higher during the first 7 days post-operatively in control group. Results also showed that acetaminophen consumption in patients who received honey is lower. Conclusion: Honey has positive effect in reducing post tonsillectomy pain, and decreasing analgesic dosage and it can be used as an adjunctive regimen after surgery for better pain control.
A MÍDIA COMO GRANDE INFLUENCIADORA DA CULTURA PERFECCIONISTA DENTRO DA ODONTOLOGIA ESTÉTICA
Authors: Rafael Cardoso de Oliveira Erick , Rossinholli Gabriel , Maria Tognetti Valdineia 
Published: December 2022

A exigência por padrões estéticos têm aumentado, as pessoas começaram a valorizar sorrisos harmônicos, alinhados e clareados, o que pode estar diretamente ligado a grande participação da mídia, na construção de características consideradas ideias para um sorriso perfeito. O engajamento dos jovens-adultos nas mídias sociais têm mostrado uma nova maneira de consumo desses padrões estéticos. A cultura do perfeccionismo tem sido imposta por influenciadores que se submetem a procedimentos que alteram as características individuais, levando a padronização dos casos. Portanto, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da mídia sobre jovens - adultos na busca de novos parâmetros de beleza, na odontologia estética, através de uma revisão de literatura. Para tal, foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica em base de banco de dados como SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), MEDLINE (Literatura Internacional em Ciência da Saúde) e Google Acadêmico. Através desta revisão pode-se concluir o quão importante são as mídias sociais para a odontologia sendo uma ótima ferramenta para o marketing, porém os cirurgiões devem tomar cuidado em suas publicações, visto que as redes sociais podem influenciar um indivíduo, de forma a moldar a odontologia estética com padrões perfeccionistas inalcançáveis.
Butterfly Diversity at the Different Elevations along Crocker Range Park, in Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Wan Chik Wan Nur Janatulazwa , Mustaffa Nazirah 
Published: December 2022

The butterfly diversity and assemblages at five substations located at the different elevations along the Crocker Range Park, ranging from 396m to 1,891m a.s.l were documented in this study. The butterfly samplings were conducted from April to December 2019, involving 10 sampling sessions. The butterflies were sampled by using 20 baited traps and an aerial net at 20 sampling stations. A total of 727 individuals were sampled comprising 187 species. Nymphalidae was the dominant family at the five substations, which accounted for approximately 53% of the total species and 71% of the total individuals recorded, while Ypthima pandocus was the dominant species. The highest number of species was recorded at Keningau substation (965-1,062 m a.s.l) but the highest number of individuals was recorded at Mahua substation (1060-1,249 m a.s.l). Mount Alab substation recorded the least number of butterfly species and individuals. The overall pattern indicated that the butterfly species and abundance were relatively high at an elevation range of about 960-1,250 m a.s.l. Keningau substation was the most diverse area as shown by Shannon-Wiener Index (H’=2.885), followed by Inobong, Mahua and Ulu Kimanis substations. Ten endemic species were sampled in this study with most of these found at an elevation above 965 m a.s.l. The information obtained from this study would contribute to a better understanding of the elevational diversity pattern of tropical biota and also could serve as baseline data for conservation management at Crocker Range Park in facing threats on biodiversity, including global warming.
Interannual variability of the initiation of the phytoplankton growing period in two French coastal ecosystems
Authors: Poppeschi Coline , Charria Guillaume , Daniel Anne , Verney Romaric , Rimmelin-Maury Peggy , Retho Michaël , Goberville Eric , Grossteffan Emilie , Plus Martin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Decadal time series of chlorophyll a concentrations sampled at high
and low frequencies are explored to study climate-induced impacts on the
processes inducing interannual variations in the initiation of the
phytoplankton growing period (IPGP) in early spring. We specifically detail
the IPGP in two contrasting coastal temperate ecosystems under the influence
of rivers highly rich in nutrients: the Bay of Brest and the Bay of Vilaine.
In both coastal ecosystems, we observed a large interannual variation in
the IPGP influenced by sea temperature, river inputs, light availability
(modulated by solar radiation and water turbidity), and turbulent mixing
generated by tidal currents, wind stress, and river runoff. We show that the
IPGP is delayed by around 30 d in 2019 in comparison with 2010. In situ observations
and a one-dimensional vertical model coupling hydrodynamics,
biogeochemistry, and sediment dynamics show that the IPGP generally does not
depend on one specific environmental factor but on the interaction between
several environmental factors. In these two bays, we demonstrate that the IPGP
is mainly caused by sea surface temperature and available light conditions,
mostly controlled by the turbidity of the system before first blooms. While
both bays are hydrodynamically contrasted, the processes that modulate the IPGP
are similar. In both bays, the IPGP can be delayed by cold spells and flood
events at the end of winter, provided that these extreme events last several
days.
SCS423 Bonora: um novo cultivar de pessegueiro
Authors: Della Bruna Emilio , Moreto Alexsander Luis , Dalbó Marco Antônio , Petry Henrique Belmonte 
Published: December 2022

Resumo – O cultivar SCS423 Bonora (Registro Nacional de Cultivares n. 33849) foi desenvolvido pelo programa de Melhoramento Genético de Pessegueiro da Epagri, na Estação Experimental de Urussanga. Tem como genitores os cultivares Ouromel 4 e Pampeano. Os frutos são de tamanho médio a grande com polpa firme e formato arredondado. A aparência dos frutos, a coloração branca da polpa e a baixa acidez são características que agradam ao consumidor, fazendo com que este cultivar seja um dos preferidos. Requer aproximadamente 200 horas de frio hibernal com menos de 7,2°C. É indicado para o plantio nas regiões Sul, Alto Vale do Itajaí, Oeste e Extremo Oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. Sua floração é precoce, sendo medianamente resistente à bacteriose (Xanthomonas arborícola pv., Pruni) e ao cancro dos ramos ou cancro de Botriosphera, causado pela Botryosphera spp.