bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening the Oral Health System in Nigeria
Authors: Amedari Mcking Izeiza , Ogunbodede Eyitope O. , Uti Omolara G. , Aborisade Adetayo O. , Amedari Ifeoma Katerine 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The present study aimed to describe the building blocks of the oral health system, including the role that the community plays in strengthening the oral health system in Nigeria.

Methodology:
This research was a scoping review of the existing literature retrieved from search engines and databases. Thus, we utilised grey literature, peer-reviewed literature, policy documents and websites. The oral health system was analysed using the World Health Organisation's Health systems framework, and we adapted this framework by introducing a seventh block, community participation. We also inserted the links between the oral health service delivery and oral health workforce blocks of the framework to improve the oral health outcomes.

Results:
More dental clinics are required to improve the availability and accessibility of oral health services. Dental workforce expansion is imperative. This can be approached by training of junior cadre dental professionals and incorporating community health practitioners to deliver basic oral care. There is an unregulated access to medication to treat dental conditions; hence, oral disease treatments need to be included in the country's treatment guidelines to improve standard of care. The government needs to improve on overall health spending and invariably increase oral health care allocation urgently. Furthermore, the country's stewardship of oral health care is hinged on well disseminated and implemented national policies on oral health. The oral health system can achieve its overall goals with community participation, engagement and ownership.

Conclusion:
Strengthening the oral health system in Nigeria requires urgent attention on each building block and cross-cutting interventions across the system's building blocks. The role of the community will need to be recognised because it is vital in sustaining any organisational change.
The Risk Factors and Pattern of Traumatic Dental Injuries in 10–12-Year Olds in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Okolo Chizoba Chineme , Oredugba Folakemi A. , Denloye Obafunke O. , Adeyemo Yewande Isabella 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) rank among the most common conditions in children and adolescents. Nigerian dental trauma data are largely based on studies that were conducted in the southern parts of Nigeria. This study was designed to identify the risk factors and the pattern of TDIs among school-age children in northern Nigeria.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to identify the risk factors for and to determine the pattern of dental injuries among 10–12-year-old males in Kano, northern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
Six hundred and ninety-six 10–12-year olds were selected through a multistage sampling of school children, street children and rehabilitated children in Kano and examined for TDIs using the WHO protocols. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was considered when P < 0.05.

Results:
Six hundred and ninety-four 10–12-year olds participated in the study; The prevalence of TDIs was 6.6%. Being a street-child was associated with 30% higher risk for dental injuries (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.60 - 3.1; P = 0.48), whereas living as a rehabilitated street child (aOR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.19 - 0.88; P = 0.02) and older age were associated with a reduced risk (aOR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.39 - 1.01; P = 0.06) to injuries. The most common type of trauma was enamel–dentine injuries or Ellis II, and the most common cause was falls. Street children and low-age groups had more single-tooth injuries (85.7% and 85.0%, respectively). The commonly injured teeth were the maxillary right and left central incisors.

Conclusion:
Living on the street and young age were associated with the likelihood for injuries in male adolescents in Kano. The maxillary central incisors were the commonly affected teeth.
Translation of pain self-efficacy questionnaire into Gujarati language and analysis of psychometric properties in subjects with musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Bhatt Vidhi Paras , Shah Nehal , Bhrambhatt Krishna M , Kapadia Dharti 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a leading cause of disability worldwide. Musculoskeletal conditions are typically characterized by pain which is often persistent and limits one's mobility, dexterity, and functional ability, reducing people's ability to work and participate in social roles with associated impacts on mental well-being. The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) is a 10-item questionnaire, developed to assess the confidence of people with ongoing pain; in performing activities with pain. The PSEQ scale is applicable to all persisting pain presentations. The study aims to translate PSEQ into Gujarati and analyze its psychometric properties in subjects with musculoskeletal pain.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Prior permission from the author was taken for the translation of PSEQ scale into Gujarati language. The translation procedure was carried out according to the guidelines provided by the WHO with forward and backward translation. Thereafter to analyze the psychometric properties of the scale, a total of 30 subjects (mean age of 45.43 ± 17.02) with different MSDs were enrolled in the study. The concurrent validity was obtained by establishing a correlation between the Gujarati translated version of PSEQ (PSEQ-G) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The intra-rater reliability was established by test-retest method within a span of 2 days. The questionnaire was again administered after 1 week by two different investigators to test the inter-rater reliability.

RESULTS:
The concurrent validity was established with a moderate strength negative correlation between PSEQ-G and VAS (r = -0.398, P < 0.05). The intra-rater reliability was found between 0.887 and 0.980 (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.955) and inter-rater reliability was between 0.848 and 0.958 (ICC = 0. 917). There was a high internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha 0.938. Bland-Altman plot analysis was performed for PSEQ-G scores between the two raters which showed agreement between the two scores within the limits of agreement with a 95% confidence interval. The linear regression showed no proportional bias.

CONCLUSION:
The results showed fair concurrent validity with a weak correlation between VAS and PSEQ-G scores (Gujarati version of PSEQ) and excellent inter-and intra-rater reliability for PSEQ-G in subjects with MSDs.
Pattern of short-term adverse effects in patients undergoing low-dose radioactive iodine therapy
Authors: George Ancy , Annapurna Y. , Harilal P. , Purayil Anila Kumari Vatakke 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The disorders of the thyroid gland are on the rise. It involves the dysregulation of hormone synthesis and release and carcinoma of the thyroid gland among others. Radioactive iodine (RAI – I-131) is now used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinoma. This helps in the destruction of the follicular cells, and the radiation helps in annulling the cancer cells. RAI has many adverse effects including short term and long term; the short-term effects include gastrointestinal disorder, salivary dysfunction, and thyroiditis, while the long-term adverse effects include secondary carcinomas. The facilities for giving RAI therapy (RAIT) are fewer in the state of Kerala and even less in the government sector; further, the adverse effects of RAIT are less studied in our population. Thus, this study aims at finding the pattern of short-term adverse effects of low doses of RAI.

Objectives:
To evaluate the pattern of short-term adverse effects following low doses of RAIT in patients with hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer.

Materials and Methods:
This study was designed as a prospective, observational study conducted in patients attending the department of nuclear medicine for low-dose radioiodine therapy in a tertiary care center. Patients were followed up for any occurrences of adverse effects at 1, 3, and 6 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18, and Chi-square test was done to find the association between dose and adverse drug reactions.

Results:
The study comprised 53 participants, of which 38 (72%) were female. The adverse reactions were reported by 39 participants (74%). Loss of taste and smell in 19 participants (39%), xerostomia in 17 patients (32%), and hair loss in 14 patients (26%) were reported. After 1 month of RAIT, these subsided. The association between gender, age, dose, and adverse effects due to RAIT was tested but was found to have no association (P = 0.979, 0.504, and 0.494, respectively). The complaint of hair loss was higher in female participants, showing a statistically significant association with a P = 0.04. The complete blood counts done pre- and post-RAIT showed a statistically significant decrease in platelet count (P = 0.00) and lymphocytes (P = 0.003), with no clinically significant symptoms or signs.

Conclusion:
RAI produces short-term adverse effects such as loss of taste and smell, xerostomia, and hair loss which are self-limiting. However, there is a need to identify and manage it for better treatment and patient compliance.
Development of a symptoms-based thyroid risk questionnaire to screen for hypothyroidism in India
Authors: Kumar K. M. Prasanna , Sethi Bipin Kumar , Khare Sanjay P. , Padsalge Mahesh , Tripathi Anadya Prakash , Bhole Milind , Roy Dyotona Sen 
Published: July 2022

Context:
In India, many cases of hypothyroidism go undetected due to lack of timely screening.

Aims:
The aim of the study is to develop a symptom-based thyroid risk index (STRI) questionnaire.

Subjects and Methods:
Questionnaire development involved the following steps: (1) hypothyroidism symptom selection and questionnaire construction based on the literature survey, (2) expert (2 endocrinologists and 2 consultant physicians) review, (3) face validation (Phase 1, cross-sectional survey followed by review by a psychometrician, an endocrinologist, and a layperson), and (4) pilot survey (Phase 2). The face validation was conducted in subjects from general population naïve to their thyroid status (Arm 1 [at 2 nonclinical settings], n = 16) and in subjects with hypothyroidism who were treatment-naïve (Arm 2 [at 2 clinical centers], n = 19). Results were summarized descriptively.

Results:
Hypothyroid symptoms were incorporated into the questionnaire in the form of 18 questions under four sections and were assigned a score from 1 to 4 based on the strength of literature evidence. The questionnaire underwent face validation followed by incorporation of expert review and recommendations. In Arm 1, 12 subjects (75%) had thyroid-stimulating hormone levels >4.5 mIU/L indicating hypothyroidism. The total mean (standard deviation) STRI score was 25.4 (10.7) in the Arm 1 (29.8 [8.2] in the 12 hypothyroid-positive subjects) and was 18.6 (10.8) in the Arm 2.

Conclusions:
The STRI questionnaire was successfully face validated for its applicability in clinical and nonclinical settings. The questionnaire, finalized after expert committee review and recommendations, will be validated for its sensitivity and specificity to detect symptoms of hypothyroidism in a pan-India pilot study.
Comparison of Two Serological Assays in Detecting Strongyloides Infection in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Osman Emelia , Amin Nur Azma , Noon Thieeraporn Phraseart Ma , Lahat Siti Nuratiqah Hanani , Rosli Mohamad Syairazi , Sham Shazia Farhana , Periyasamy Petrick Ramesh , Ghazali Nuraffini , Manap Siti Nor Azreen Abd , Noordin Rahmah 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Strongyloides infection may develop into fatal hyperinfection and dissemination syndrome in immunocompromised hosts. Despite suboptimal specificity issues, the detection of IgG antibodies by ELISA has been central in the serodiagnosis of Strongyloides infection. Recently, an IgG4-based lateral-flow test (SsRapid) using recombinant NIE (rNIE) protein with good diagnostic performance has been reported. This study assessed the result concordance between a commercial IgG-ELISA and the SsRapid. Additionally, we determined the Strongyloides seroprevalence and its association with clinical manifestations. Immunocompromised patients (N = 200) were from Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, hematological malignancy, and solid organ cancers. Their plasma samples were tested using a commercial IgG-ELISA and SsRapid. A fair concordance (κ = 0.27–0.33; P < 0.05) between the tests was demonstrated. The SsRapid exhibited a significantly higher (P < 0.05) seroprevalence (10.5% [21/200]) compared with IgG-ELISA (7.5% [15/200]). After adsorption with rNIE, all SsRapid-positive samples tested negative with the rapid test, thus showing binding specificity. There was no significant association with clinical manifestations. This study revealed that SsRapid is a useful diagnostic tool for Strongyloides infection, and there is a notable seroprevalence among the immunocompromised patients.
Resolución laparoscópica de perforación diverticular en paciente con fistula colo-vesical.
Authors: Avellaneda Nicolás , Carrie Augusto , Santillan Mateo 
Published: July 2022

Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 65 años de edad con antecedente de enfermedad diverticular a nivel sigmoideo complicada con una fístula colo-vesical, en plan quirúrgico para resolución de su patología.
2 semanas antes de la fecha quirúrgica, concurre a guardia por dolor abdominal agudo, haciéndose el diagnóstico de perforación intestinal secundaria a su enfermedad de base.
Se decide tomar conducta quirúrgica, realizándose una laparoscopía exploradora donde se evidencia peritonitis localizada a nivel del espacio parietocólico izquierdo, con absceso interasas y adherencias de intestino delgado a tumor inflamatorio sigmoideo. Por último, también se evidencia la fístula colo-vesical previamente diagnosticada.
El video muestra la resolución quirúrgica mini-invasiva del cuadro, transcurriendo el período postoperatorio sin complicaciones.
ТОВАРОВЕДЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА МЯСНЫХ КОПЧЕНО-ВАРЕНЫХ
ИЗДЕЛИЙ ИЗ СВИНИНЫ
Authors: Муравьева Н. А. , Лютова Е.В. 
Published: July 2022

В рамках лабораторной работы по дисциплине «Товароведение продуктов
биотехнологии из сырья животного происхождения» осуществилась товароведческая оценка
копчено-вареных изделий из свинины, по органолептическим, физико-химическим
показателям (массовая доля бека, жира, сухих веществ, содержание поваренной соли и
нитритов натрия), а также оценены функционально-технологические свойства исследуемых
образцов. Все показатели сравнивали с нормативными показателями соответствующего
ГОСТа, на основании чего сделан вывод о соответствии продуктов категории качества,
указанного производителем. В целях обеспечения отсутствия рекламы и во избежание
введения читателей в заблуждение производители образцов не указываются в статье. За
дополнительной информацией можно обратиться к автору.
ТОВАРОВЕДЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА МАСЛА СЛИВОЧНОГО
Authors: Некрасова Ю. О. , Лютова Е.В. 
Published: July 2022

Сливочное масло входит в число продуктов, которые отличаются высоким
содержанием жира. Сливочное масло – продукт, произведенный из коровьего молока на
эмульсионной жировой основе путем отделения жировой фазы. Оно является ценным
продуктом переработки молока ввиду богатого химического состава, который
характеризуется большим содержанием молочного жира, что говорит о высокой усвояемости
данного продукта. Объектом исследования являлись три образца масла сливочного
жирностью 82,5 %. В ходе исследований сливочное масло оценивалось по следующим
показателям: органолептическая оценка, массовые доли жира, влаги и сухого обезжиренного
вещества, а также термоустойчивость. Затем вышеупомянутые показатели сравнивались с
нормативными значениями, которые регламентируются в ГОСТ 33632 – 2015 и ГОСТ 32261-
2013.
ТОВАРОВЕДЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА КУРИНЫХ ЯИЦ
Authors: Король С. , Лютова Е.В. 
Published: July 2022

Куриное яйцо – очень распространенный продукт в питании человека. Самые
популярные и доступные яйца на прилавках в магазине – куриные. Яйца богаты
питательными веществами, которые необходимы нам, а также являются полезными
источниками некоторых из труднодоступных питательных веществ, таких как витамины D, Е
и B12, минерального йода. Яйца считаются «полноценным» источником белка, поскольку они
содержат все девять незаменимых аминокислот, которые мы должны получать из своего
рациона. Желток содержит большое количество каротинов, особенно лютеина и зеаксантина,
которые важны для предотвращения дегенерации желтого пятна и катаракты. Яйца также
являются источником витамина А, необходимого для хорошего зрения.
СЕВЕРНЫЙ МОРСКОЙ ПУТЬ: СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКАЯ РОЛЬ ДЛЯ РОССИИ
Authors: Кутузова А.А. , Киян А.А. , Фаустова О.Г. 
Published: July 2022

В статье анализируются факторы, определяющие стратегическое значение Северного
морского пути для закрепления преимущества Российской Федерации в водах Северного
Ледовитого океана. В настоящее время Арктика представляет собой зону особого интереса
многих стран, а для нашего государства регион играет решающую роль не только в
политическом, но и в военном, экономическом, научном, социальном аспектах деятельности.
СЕВЕРНЫЙ МОРСКОЙ ПУТЬ КАК ВАЖНЕЙШАЯ ЧАСТЬ
ЛЕДОВОГО ШЕЛКОВОГО ПУТИ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Authors: Якушева Д.А. 
Published: July 2022

В работе рассмотрено современное состояние и перспективы развития
Северного морского пути как важнейшей части Ледового шелкового пути.
Актуальность исследования связана с обострением международной конкуренции в
Арктике в условиях борьбы за ресурсы и пути сообщения. Предметом
исследования являются современное состояние и перспективы развития Северного
морского пути. Теоретическая значимость данного исследования состоит в
проведенном анализе Северного морского пути как важнейшей части Ледового
шелкового пути.
Mucormycosis and Its Co-Relation with Raised Ferritin Levels
Authors: Chahande Dr. Sandeep , Kashid Dr. Gajanan M. , Gaikwad Dr. Ashok , Futane Dr. Abhijit , Purohit Dr. Siddharth A. , Waghmare Dr. Shamal K. , Palwe Dr. Harshala 
Published: July 2022

Background: Mucormycosis has emerged as an epidemic within the COVID-19 pandemic due to widespread use of corticosteroids and immune-modulators like Tocilizumab, in the management of COVID-19 pneumonia,. It is an invasive fungal disease which spreads by angioinvasion and rapidly spreads to adjacent tissues. If untreated its outcomes are dangerous and often fatal. Uncontrolled diabetes, malignancies and dialysis are predisposing factors. Raised blood iron is an important factor in pathogenesis and rapid progression of fungal invasion that needs to be investigated. Aim: To establish a correlation between raised serum ferritin level and aggressiveness of Mucormycosis. Methodology: A retrospective study was done from February 2021 to February 2022 of patients diagnosed with mucormycosis by middle meatal biopsy and microscopy along with CT & MRI scan of PNS with brain. They were treated either surgically or conservatively. All the blood parameters including serum ferritin level, were carried out. A comparison was done on extent of disease in patients in-relation to their serum ferritin level. Results: Our study suggested that higher levels of ferritin are often associated with aggressive form the disease. Zygomycetes are dependent on environmental iron for their growth. Higher the serum ferritin level, more aggressive & widespread is mucormycosis. Conclusion: Serum free iron aggravates mucormycosis. Measures should take to control the serum ferritin in patients under risk for mucormycosis. Iron chelating agents or novel methods like anti-ftr1 immune serum should be developed for controlling the disease at its earlier stages.
Management of Vyanga Vis-A-Vis Melasma Through Ayurveda- A Case Series
Authors: Mythrey R C  , Dhanwantari Saste  
Published: July 2022

Melasma is a skin condition characterized by dark spots and patches on the nose, cheeks, forehead and jaw line. Although it is completely harmless, it causes skin discoloration which is difficult to fade away with routine skin care. Melasma can lead to social isolation and stigmatization adversely affecting the quality of daily life which definitely has a major impact on individual’s psychological state and social relationship.
The symptomatology of Vyanga given in various available Ayurvedic classics are Mandala (circular patches), Shyava (brown), Tanu (thin), Niruja (painless), etc. The clinical features of melasma can be correlated with Vyanga and condition can be treated based on the Vyanga Chikitsa.
Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Haritakyadi Lepa in the management of Vyanga and to review the etiopathology and the clinical aspect of the Vyanga.
Result: Based on the collected data, efforts were made to evaluate the efficacy of Haritakyadi Lepa followed by Sadyo Virechana with Manibhadra Guda in the subjects of melasma vis-à-vis Vyanga.
Conclusion: In contemporary science, topical steroids have been described in the management of melasma. Alternative to that Haritakyadi Lepa along with Madhu selected for treatment, has shown very effective result in Vyanga.
HUBUNGAN KEJADIAN PUTTING SUSU LECET DENGAN KEBERHASILAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF
Authors: Agustin Nurul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract Mother’s milk exclusive is very important for baby’s grow, but there are many mother who can’t give her exclusive milk, the one of that is caused the mother’s hilt is chafed. It caused because the mother not understanding how to give her milk correctly, and if mother’s hilt is chafed, the mother became reluctant to give her milk and she will give a formula milk for her baby. The purpose of this research is for knowing the correlation incident of chafed hilt with the success of giving exclusive mother’s milk to the baby at the age 7-12 month in UPT Puskemas Jetis Mojokerto. The kind of this research is correlation with cross control phenomenological with the number of population counted 34 respondents. Samples was taken by Total Sampling, that is taken all of the population as sample counted 34 respondents .Instrument of data collecting was closed ended questioner and the process through editing, coding, scoring and tabulating. After that, data being analyzed by Crosstabs. So, H0 rejected and H1 accepted, it mean there is correlation incident of chafed hilt with the success of giving exclusive mother’s milk to the baby at the age 7-12 month in UPT Puskemas Jetis Mojokerto.
Efficient Monitoring for an Urban IPM Program
Authors: Ball John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntegrated pest management (IPM) is gradually becoming part of commercial tree services. Many IPM programs for various insect and disease problems have been developed during the past decade and they can be adapted into a business. Unfortunately IPM has not yet become fully integrated into tree service companies. Two drawbacks to an urban IPM program are monitoring costs and the public’s reluctance to purchase monitoring as part of a total tree care package. A study was performed to determine how a monitoring program could be made more efficient and inexpensive enough to encourage homeowners to purchase this vital part of any IPM service.