bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing plasmonically integrated nanoreactors for efficient catalysis
Authors: Acharya Anubhab , Lee In Su 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlasmonically coupled nanoreactors capable of harnessing light energy and efficiently transforming it to perform chemical reactions are in significant demand in the field of catalysis. The development of unique solution‐phase synthesis techniques for engineering intricate nanoarchitectures by introducing multiple functionalities can dramatically improve the efficacy of these nanostructures. In this context, the precise modulation of the nanostructural features and the integration of other components with the plasmonic nanoparticles within an isolated nanoconfined reaction environment is the current state of the art for their synthesis. This account highlights our achievements in designing different synthesis strategies and elucidating the mechanistic pathways involved in the development of plasmonically integrated nanoreactors. The range of applications of these plasmonic nanoreactors, which employ plasmon‐induced energy for catalytic transformations, is also discussed.
Health‐related quality of life in patients with multiple system atrophy using the EQ‐5D‐5L
Authors: Xiao Yi , Zhang Lingyu , Wei Qianqian , Ou Ruwei , Hou Yanbing , Liu Kuncheng , Lin Junyu , Yang Tianmi , Shang Huifang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease. We aimed to investigate the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and the determinants of HRQoL in patients with MSA.MethodsThe five‐level EuroQol five‐dimensional questionnaire (EQ‐5D‐5L) was used to evaluate patients’ HRQoL. The results of HRQoL were indicated by the EQ‐5D‐5L index values and visual analog scale (EQ VAS) scores. Specific scales were used to measure disease severity, cognition, frontal lobe function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep disorders. The beta mixture model and the linear regression model were used to explore the determinants of HRQoL in patients with MSA.ResultsA total of 205 patients with cerebellar variants (MSA‐C; 53.9%) and 175 patients with parkinsonian variants (MSA‐P; 46.1%) were included in this cross‐sectional study. The mean values of the EQ‐5D‐5L index values and EQ VAS scores were .558 and 59.5, respectively. Problem with mobility was the problem reported by the highest proportion of patients (92.1%), followed by problems with usual activities (88.7%), self‐care (81.3%), anxiety/depression (72.1%), and pain/discomfort (53.9%). The determinants of the lower EQ‐5D‐5L index values in patients with MSA were greater disease severity, fatigue, Parkinson's disease‐related sleep problems (PD‐SP), depressive mood, and anxious mood. Greater disease severity, fatigue, and depressive mood were associated with lower EQ VAS scores.ConclusionThe problem reported most frequently by Chinese individuals with MSA was mobility. In addition to the greater disease severity of MSA, fatigue, PD‐SP, depression, and anxiety were determinants of poor HRQoL.
Fluorescent Talarolactones from Talaromyces sp.
Authors: Yuan Wei‐Hua , Zheng Li‐Feng , Zhuang Li‐Yuan , Zhao Yan‐Xia , Wu Qian‐Yu , Li Qian , Zhou Sheng‐Liang , Tang Jian , Li Hong‐Lei , Zhang Chun‐Li , Wang Yue , Ma Jing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract(+)‐Talarolactone C (1), Talarolactone A (2), Talarolactone B (3, sulfoxide derivative), and Talarolactone D (4, sulfone derivative) were isolated from Talaromyces sp. which was cultured in rice medium with sodium butyrate. The structures of talarolactone analogs above were characterized by a combination of spectroscopic, X‐ray crystallographic, and computational methods. These talarolactones and Talarolactone A sodium (5) with the same carbon skeleton showed different fluorescence characteristics.
Heavy metal content prediction based on Random Forest and Sparrow Search Algorithm
Authors: Chen Ying , Liu Zhengying , Xu Chongxuan , Zhao Xueliang , Pang Lili , Li Kang , Shi Yanxin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractX‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is exceedingly suitable for detecting heavy metal contents in soil. In order to do that, an accurate prediction model based on XRF analysis is necessary. But in practice, the XRF spectral data is susceptible to moisture content in soil, which may lead to inaccurate prediction results. Accordingly, a new prediction model based on Random Forest Regression (RFR) and improved Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) was proposed, which takes the variation of moisture content into consideration. At first, the XRF spectral data were obtained by experiment. Owing to the advantages of training speed and prediction ability, the RFR was employed to predict the heavy metal contents. In order to further improve the performance of RFR, the SSA was selected and improved with theory of good‐point set, which can determine optimum hyper‐parameters of RFR conveniently. It can be found by comparison that the proposed model outperforms other commonly used models.
Use of lipid‐lowering therapies in patients with chronic kidney disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: 2‐year results from Getting to an imprOved Understanding of Low‐Density lipoprotein cholesterol and dyslipidemia management (GOULD)
Authors: Shaik Aleesha , Kosiborod Mikhail , de Lemos James A. , Gao Qi , Mues Katherine E. , Alam Shushama , Bhatt Deepak L. , Cannon Christopher P. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Rosenson Robert S. ,   The GOULD Investigators
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a known risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Per the 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology cholesterol guidelines, high‐risk ASCVD patients with CKD and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels  70 mg/dL should take a high‐intensity statin with ezetimibe and/or a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i).Objective/MethodsWe examined the changes in use of lipid lowering therapies (LLT) over two years in 3304 patients with ASCVD and CKD in the Getting to an imprOved Understanding of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Dyslipidemia Management (GOULD) observational cohort study.ResultsOf those with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, 21.6% (171/791) had intensification of LLT while 10.4% (82/791) had de‐escalation of LLT. Notably, 61.6% (487/791) had no change in LLT regimen over 2 years. Statin use was 83.2% (785/944) at baseline and 80.1% (634/791) at 2 years. Statin/ezetimibe use increased from 2.9% (27/944) to 4.9% (39/791). Statin discontinuation at 2 years was greater with lower eGFR levels across all cohorts.ConclusionDespite the recommendations of multiscociety guidelines, statin use, while high, is not ubiquitous and rates of high‐intensity statin and ezetimibe use remain low in patients with CKD. There remains a significant opportunity to optimize LLT and achieve atheroprotective cholesterol levels in the CKD population.
Evaluating the performance of free space optical communication (FSOC) system under tropical weather conditions in India
Authors: Singh Harjeevan , Mittal Nitin , Singh Harbinder 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe main aim of this study is to examine the performance of the free space optical communication (FSOC) system under the impact of rainfall in various regions of India. The meteorological data of rain intensities, during the years 2014–2017, were outsourced from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) for potential regions in India, comprising the coastal and inland locations for calculating the specific rain attenuation coefficient. Furthermore, we have proposed a 16‐channel FSOC system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), employing coherent detection and digital signal processing (DSP) for investigating the system performance for rainy weather conditions in India. For average rain intensities, the attenuation coefficient for the inland region of Hyderabad is 1.91 dB/km, which is the minimum among all locations considered in this work. Consequently, the proposed system design is capable of supporting an FSOC link of 5 km, for delivering a bit error rate (BER) of the order of 10−6 in the case of Hyderabad. On the flip side, the average rainfall intensities are maximum for the coastal region of Mumbai, and the specific attenuation coefficient is maximum with a value of 4.08 dB/km. Due to this, the maximum possible FSOC range for Mumbai gets restricted to 3.5 km only, ensuring BER of the order of 10−6. Likewise, the proposed FSOC system has performed superior for inland regions of India in comparison with coastal areas of India under the worst rainfall scenario as well.
Predator movements in relation to habitat features reveal vulnerability of duck nests to predation
Authors: Peterson Sarah H. , Ackerman Joshua T. , Keating Meghan P. , Schacter Carley R. , Hartman C. Alex , Casazza Michael L. , Herzog Mark P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNest predation is the main cause of nest failure for ducks. Understanding how habitat features influence predator movements may facilitate management of upland and wetland breeding habitats that reduces predator encounter rates with duck nests and increases nest survival rates. For 1618 duck nests, nest survival increased with distance to phragmites (Phragmites australis), shrubs, telephone poles, human structures, and canals, but not for four other habitat features. Using GPS collars, we tracked 25 raccoons (Procyon lotor) and 16 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) over 4 years during waterfowl breeding and found marked differences in how these predators were located relative to specific habitat features; moreover, the probability of duck nests being encountered by predators differed by species. Specifically, proximity to canals, wetlands, trees, levees/roads, human structures, shrubs, and telephone poles increased the likelihood of a nest being encountered by collared raccoons. For collared skunks, nests were more likely to be encountered if they were closer to canals, trees, and shrubs, and farther from wetlands and human structures. Most predator encounters with duck nests were attributable to a few individuals; 29.2% of raccoons and 38.5% of skunks were responsible for 95.6% of total nest encounters. During the central span of duck nesting (April 17–June 14: 58 nights), these seven raccoons and five skunks encountered >1 nest on 50.8 ± 29.2% (mean ± SD) and 41.5 ± 28.3% of nights, respectively, and of those nights individual raccoons and skunks averaged 2.60 ± 1.28 and 2.50 ± 1.09 nest encounters/night, respectively. For collared predators that encountered >1 nest, a higher proportion of nests encountered by skunks had evidence of predation (51.9 ± 26.6%) compared to nests encountered by raccoons (22.3 ± 17.1%). Because duck eggs were most likely consumed as raccoons and skunks opportunistically discovered nests, managing the habitat features those predators most strongly associated with could potentially reduce rates of egg predation.
Heterobridged Hexa‐ and Octanuclear Ruthenium‐Thiolate/Halide Wheels: Synthesis, X‐ray Crystal Structure, and Spectroscopic Characterization
Authors: Xu Guang‐Tao , Huang Jie‐Sheng , Chan Sharon Lai‐Fung , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMolecular wheels composed of edge‐shared metal‐ligand coordination octahedra usually feature metal ions that are linked by bridging ligands possessing the same type of donor atoms. Herein we describe heterobridged wheels {Run(μ‐SR)n(μ‐X)n}(CO)2n (R=Trip; n=6, X=Cl, Br; n=8, X=I), which were formed in the reactions between Ru3(CO)12, 2,4,6‐triisopropylbenzenethiol (HSTrip) and HX (X=Cl, Br) or I2. These hexa‐ and octanuclear heterobridged wheels featuring thiolate/halide mixed bridging ligands have all been characterized by X‐ray crystallography as well as spectroscopic means including NMR, IR and ESI‐MS.
Mediation analysis of multiple mediators with incomplete omics data
Authors: Kidd John , Raulerson Chelsea K. , Mohlke Karen L. , Lin Dan‐Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in using multiple types of omics features (e.g., DNA sequences, RNA expressions, methylation, protein expressions, and metabolic profiles) to study how the relationships between phenotypes and genotypes may be mediated by other omics markers. Genotypes and phenotypes are typically available for all subjects in genetic studies, but typically, some omics data will be missing for some subjects, due to limitations such as cost and sample quality. In this article, we propose a powerful approach for mediation analysis that accommodates missing data among multiple mediators and allows for various interaction effects. We formulate the relationships among genetic variants, other omics measurements, and phenotypes through linear regression models. We derive the joint likelihood for models with two mediators, accounting for arbitrary patterns of missing values. Utilizing computationally efficient and stable algorithms, we conduct maximum likelihood estimation. Our methods produce unbiased and statistically efficient estimators. We demonstrate the usefulness of our methods through simulation studies and an application to the Metabolic Syndrome in Men study.
Factors influencing correlations between CPT and DPH
Authors: Henzinger Christoph , Krösbacher Clemens , Vogt Stefan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the widespread availability and superior information provided by the cone penetration test (CPT), dynamic probes like the DPH (dynamic probe heavy) remain an important soil investigation method under certain circumstances. In order to make use of the results of the DPH in the context of the vast body of interpretation and design methods developed for CPT tests, the drop count N10 of the DPH is correlated to the tip resistance qc of the CPT. There are numerous correlations between both values available in the standards and in the literature. However, any soil‐related differences, limitations, and factors influencing those correlations are not necessarily obvious. The present paper presents a simple framework for the illustration of influencing factors and the interpretation of correlations between DPH and CPT. The proposed framework is based on the information provided in EN ISO 22476‐1 and published scientific literature. Linear correlation factors based on the proposed framework are derived. These factors are then compared with our own field data and information from the literature.
Diagnostic and prognostic performance of urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin in patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury
Authors: Gambino Carmine , Piano Salvatore , Stenico Matteo , Tonon Marta , Brocca Alessandra , Calvino Valeria , Incicco Simone , Zeni Nicola , Gagliardi Roberta , Cosma Chiara , Zaninotto Martina , Burra Patrizia , Cillo Umberto , Basso Daniela , Angeli Paolo 
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) commonly occurs in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (uNGAL) could help discriminate between different etiologies of AKI. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of uNGAL in (1) the differential diagnosis of AKI, (2) predicting the response to terlipressin and albumin in patients with hepatorenal syndrome‐AKI (HRS‐AKI), and (3) predicting in‐hospital mortality in patients with AKI.

Approach and Results:
One hundred sixty‐two consecutive patients with cirrhosis and AKI were included from 2015 to 2020 and followed until transplant, death, or 90 days. Standard urinary markers and uNGAL were measured. Data on treatment, type, and resolution of AKI were collected. Thirty‐five patients (21.6%) had prerenal AKI, 64 (39.5%) HRS‐AKI, 27 (16.7%) acute tubular necrosis‐AKI (ATN‐AKI), and 36 (22.2%) a mixed form of AKI. Mean values of uNGAL were significantly higher in ATN‐AKI than in other types of AKI (1162 ng/ml [95% CI 423–2105 ng/ml] vs. 109 ng/ml [95% CI 52–192 ng/ml]; p < 0.001). uNGAL showed a high discrimination ability in predicting ATN‐AKI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.854; 95% CI 0.767–0.941; p < 0.001). The best‐performing threshold was found to be 220 ng/ml (sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 78%). The same threshold was independently associated with a higher risk of nonresponse (adjusted OR [aOR], 6.17; 95% CI 1.41–27.03; p = 0.016). In multivariable analysis (adjusted for age, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease, acute‐on‐chronic liver failure, leukocytes, and type of AKI), uNGAL was an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality (aOR, 1.74; 95% CI 1.26–2.38; p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
uNGAL is an adequate biomarker for making a differential diagnosis of AKI in cirrhosis and predicting the response to terlipressin and albumin in patients with HRS‐AKI. In addition, it is an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality.
Cilostamide, a phosphodiesterase 3A inhibitor, sustains meiotic arrest of rat oocytes by modulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate level and the key regulators of maturation promoting factor
Authors: Gupta Anumegha , Trigun Surendra Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCilostamide, a phosphodiesterase 3A (Pde3A) inhibitor, is known to increase intraoocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level which is involved in sustaining meiotic arrest of the oocytes. To explore the mechanisms involved in the cilostamide‐mediated meiotic arrest of the oocytes, the present study describes the effects of cilostamide on cAMP level and related factors involved in maturation of the oocytes at its different meiotic stages; diplotene, metaphase I (MI) and metaphase II (MII). The oocytes from these three stages were collected from rat ovary and incubated with 10 µM cilostamide for 3 h in CO2 incubator. The levels of cAMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and the key players of maintaining meiotic arrest during oocyte maturation; Emi2, Apc, Cyclin B1, and Cdk1, were analyzed in diplotene, MI and MII stages. Pde3A was found to be expressed at all three stages but with the lowest level in MI oocyte. As compared to the control sets, the cAMP concentration was found to be highest in MII whereas cGMP was highest in the diplotene stage of cilostamide‐treated group. The treated group showed declined reactive oxygen species level as compared with the control counterparts. Relatively increased levels of the Emi2, Cyclin B1, and phosphorylated thr161 of Cdk1 versus declined levels of phosphorylated thr14/tyr15 of Cdk1 in diplotene and MII stage oocytes are known to be involved in maintaining meiotic arrest and all these factors were found to undergo similar pattern of change due to the treatment with cilostamide. The findings thus suggest that cilostamide treatment promotes meiotic arrest by Pde3A inhibition led increase of both cAMP and cGMP level vis‐a‐vis modulation of the related regulatory factors such as Emi2, CyclinB1, and phosphorylated status of Cdk1 in diplotene and MII stage oocytes. Such a mechanism of meiotic arrest could allow the oocyte to prepare itself for meiotic maturation and thereby to improve oocyte quality.
Research progress on ncRNAs regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in diabetes
Authors: Wu Yifan , Lan Huixin , Zhang Deju , Hu Ziyan , Zhang Jing , Li Zhangwang , Xia Panpan , Tang Xiaoyi , Cai Xia , Yu Peng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus and its complications are major health concerns worldwide that should be routinely monitored for evaluating disease progression. And there is currently much evidence to suggest a critical role for mitochondria in the common pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Mitochondrial dynamics are involved in the development of diabetes through mediating insulin signaling and insulin resistance, and in the development of diabetes and its complications through mediating endothelial impairment and other closely related pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are closely linked to mitochondrial dynamics by regulating the expression of mitochondrial dynamic‐associated proteins, or by regulating key proteins in related signaling pathways. Therefore, this review summarizes the research progress on the regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics by ncRNAs in diabetes and its complications, which is a promising area for future antibodies or targeted drug development.
Effects of genetic counselor disabilities on their professional experiences: A qualitative investigation of North American counselors' perceptions
Authors: Darr Kahlen , McCarthy Veach Patricia , Wurtmann Elisabeth , LeRoy Bonnie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe National Society of Genetic Counselors' policies recognize the value of diversity in the profession. Yet North American genetic counselors are very homogeneous with respect to self‐identified disabilities. One step towards diversifying the profession is understanding the experiences of genetic counselors who have disabilities. This is the first study to specifically explore academic and professional experiences of genetic counselors who self‐identify as having a disability and their perceptions of whether/how their disability has played a role in their experiences. Participants were recruited through an online screening survey sent via NSGC and American Board of Genetic Counseling e‐blasts. Twenty‐four respondents who met eligibility criteria and provided contact information participated in individual semi‐structured phone interviews. Questions explored challenges and supports, interactions with others, and effects of disability on career development. Inductive analysis yielded three themes: Disability Affects Career Choices, Disability Poses Unique Career Supports and Challenges, and Disability Affects Professional Functioning in Various Ways, and seven domains (major topics within themes). Experiences included, among others, counselors must balance their disability (e.g., management, treatment) with work and/or academic demands; they desire open communication around disability and accommodation needs; disability enhances their ability to empathize with patients; countertransference is prevalent; positive and negative interactions, respectively, contribute to feelings of inclusion and exclusion; a clinicalized healthcare culture views persons with disabilities as symptoms and not individuals, and subtle stigma and discrimination exist and is perceived as possibly worse for counselors whose disabilities are not visible. Understanding academic and professional experiences of genetic counselors with disabilities and efforts to improve access and supports may promote a more inclusive environment and help to diversify the profession.
The attrition problem: The role of police officer's decision making in rape cases
Authors: Sinclair Olivia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRape offences in England and Wales garner incredibly low levels of convictions. The policing stage of a complaint experiences high levels of case discontinuances. The aim of this research is to explore police officer's decision making in rape cases and how that shapes the attrition of cases. The method employed in this study is qualitative interviews, with retired or serving police officers, with the use of vignettes. This study found that police officers prioritise and continue with cases that they predict to be most likely to reach a conviction. Such predictions are guided by assessments over the strength of the evidence in cases, informed by a range of legal and extra‐legal factors. An overarching prediction employed is how likely a jury would be to convict a case. However, the participants reported that they find it incredibly difficult to accurately predict jury verdicts, making such decisions premised on a flawed logic.