bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐18 serum level before and after intralesional immunotherapy with tuberculin purified protein derivative in patients with cutaneous and genital warts
Authors: Korsa Hadeer Hazem Abo , Nashaat Hebat‐Allah Hassan , Halim Halim Maher , Atwa Mona A. , Mahmoud Marie Radwa El‐Sayed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies demonstrated the efficacy of intralesional purified protein derivative (PPD) immunotherapy in warts eradication. Nevertheless, the precise induced immune mechanisms are undetermined. Injected PPD is hypothesized to induce a delayed hypersensitivity reaction associated with cytokines release. Interleukin (IL)‐18 has a major role in defense against viral infection via inducing interferon‐γ release from T‐helper 1 and natural killer (NK) cells. Moreover, IL‐18 triggers Fas ligand expression on cytotoxic T cells and NK cells enhancing their cytotoxicity against virally infected cells.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the role of IL‐18 in the response to intralesional PPD injection in patients with warts.MethodsThe study included 25 patients with warts and 25 HCs. Patients underwent PPD skin test, and only patients with positive tests were included and received intralesional PPD injections starting 72 h after the test then every 2 weeks until wart clearance or a maximum of 3 sessions. Serum IL‐18 level was measured via enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay in patients (pre‐treatment and 2 weeks after the last injection) and HCs.ResultsAfter 3 sessions of injection, six (24%) patients were designated responders, nine (36%) patients showed partial response, and 10 (40%) patients were designated non‐responders. Serum IL‐18 level, post‐treatment, was significantly higher than pre‐treatment level (p = 0.025) and level in HCs (p = 0.036). Furthermore, the post‐treatment level was significantly higher in responders than non‐responders (p = 0.025).ConclusionIL‐18 is probably implicated in the immune mechanisms induced by PPD injection that cause eradication of warts.
‘Never once was I thinking the c‐word’: Parent perspectives on the facilitators and barriers to getting a childhood cancer diagnosis
Authors: Christensen Vivian , Parker Kellee , Chan Lai Hin Kimi , Saxton Lauren , Cottrell Erika 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo describe the facilitators and barriers of getting from ‘something's not right’ to a childhood cancer diagnosis from the perspective of parents living in the United States of America.BackgroundIt is common for families to experience long trajectories from when they first notice symptoms to receiving a childhood cancer diagnosis. Understanding this trajectory within the social and cultural contexts of the United States healthcare system is the first step in developing strategies for reducing this timeframe and mitigating some of the psychosocial impact for parents in receiving a childhood cancer diagnosis. This study examines the interpretations and meanings parents attributed to their child's symptoms, their decisions regarding seeking medical care, interactions with healthcare providers and the time course of events.DesignAn inductive qualitative inquiry.MethodsIn‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with 55 participants representing 39 unique cases of childhood cancer were conducted. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. COREQ guidelines were followed.ResultsParticipants described multiple barriers and facilitators in their path to receiving a childhood cancer diagnosis. Facilitators included noticing something ‘wasn't right’ and physician in agreement that symptoms were unusual; acute symptoms requiring action; advocating for a diagnosis; and obtaining a second opinion. Barriers included parents having to interpret symptoms in the context of daily life; physician dismissiveness even when symptoms persisted; and not feeling they could question their physician's assessment.ConclusionFamilies experience multiple facilitators and barriers in their trajectory to receiving a childhood cancer diagnosis.Relevance to Clinical PracticeUnderstanding the path to diagnosis from the parent perspective may increase opportunities for shared decision‐making. Clinician educational modules that include family perspectives may improve patient/parent–provider relationships.Participant ContributionParticipants described their family's cancer journey through narrative storytelling. Participants had the opportunity to review and make edits to their transcript.
Self‐reported sleep bruxism in 1990 and 2011 in a nationwide twin cohort: Evidence of trait persistence and genetic liability
Authors: Ahlberg Jari , Lobbezoo Frank , Hublin Christer , Piirtola Maarit , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to different assessment modes employed, a clear picture of the prevalence of sleep bruxism across time cannot be formed. Moreover, studies on the persistent or fluctuating nature of sleep bruxism have yielded divergent and even contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in a nationwide twin cohort whether self‐reported sleep bruxism was correlated longitudinally, pairwise and cross‐twin over a 20‐year period.ObjectivesSelf‐reported bruxism was assessed in 1990 and 2011 by mailed questionnaires in the Finnish Twin Cohort study of same‐sex twins born 1945–1957.MethodsWe assessed the phenotypic stability over time for all participating individuals (n = 4992). Among zygosity verified pairs (n = 516 MZ and n = 837 DZ), we estimated the cross‐sectional zygosity correlations and the zygosity‐specific cross‐twin cross‐time correlations.ResultsReported bruxism appeared rather persistent over time without significant difference regarding zygosity. The overall phenotypic longitudinal correlation was 0.540 and somewhat higher in men (0.596) than in women (0.507). Pairwise trait correlations in 1990 and 2011 were higher in MZ than in DZ pairs. The cross‐twin cross‐time correlations were higher in MZ twins than in DZ twins, but less than the cross‐sectional MZ and DZ pairwise correlations.ConclusionsThe higher correlation of reported sleep bruxism in the cross‐twin cross‐time analyses in MZ than in DZ pairs implies a genetic background for bruxism persistence. Also, bruxism over time in individual twins appears to be fairly persistent and somewhat higher in men than women.
Gender difference in ratings of odor intensity during olfactory training
Authors: Chao Yun‐Ting , Woosch Dorothea , Pieniak Michal , Hummel Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate the role of smell diaries in Olfactory training (OT) and probe gender differences in intensity ratings and measured olfactory function throughout the OT course. Fifty olfactory loss patients (36 women and 14 men) undergoing OT rated odor intensities on a daily basis for at least 12 weeks. They exhibited significant improvement in measured olfactory function after OT; gender had no significant effect. As for the diaries, women rated odors with higher intensities than men, and ratings from women increased with time while men rated odors at the same level. Across all patients, there was a weak positive correlation between ratings and psychophysical test scores (r = 0.30, p = .04). Throughout the OT course, the increase in odor intensity ratings was more pronounced in women than it was in men (F[1, 44] = 7.9, p = .007). However, this gender‐related difference was not found for measured olfactory function, suggesting pronounced gender‐differentiated behaviors in terms of self‐ratings of olfactory function.Practical ApplicationsOT is often used for the rehabilitation of olfactory loss, and a smell diary is suggested to document the perceived odor intensity. The patients can benefit from this rating procedure by surveying the olfactory change, predicting their OT outcomes, and motivating them to maintain training. Our study provides evidence that each gender rates odor intensity in different ways; therefore, the rating scores should be interpreted correspondingly. It also implied that women among well‐trained sensory panelists (e.g., for food quality control) could rate the intensity of stimuli higher than men in the same panel. The rating bias arising from gender should be taken into consideration when it comes to professional sensory evaluation.
In search of a cut‐off apnea–hypopnea index in type 3 home portable monitors to diagnose and treat obstructive sleep apnea: a mathematical simulation
Authors: Buyse Bertien , Borzée Pascal , Kalkanis Alexandros , Testelmans Dries 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) uses similar apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) cut‐off values to diagnose and define severity of sleep apnea independent of the technique used: in‐hospital polysomnography (PSG) or type 3 portable monitoring (PM). Taking into account that PM theoretically might underestimate the AHI, we explored whether a lower cut‐off would be more appropriate. We performed mathematical re‐calculations on the diagnostic PSG‐AHI (scored using AASM 1999 rules) of 865 consecutive patients with an AHI of ≥20 events/h who started continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). For a PSG‐AHI of ≥15 events/h re‐scored using AASM 2012 rules (PSG‐AHIAASM2012), a PM‐respiratory event index (REI)AASM2012 cut‐off point of ≥15 events/h resulted in a post‐test probability of 100% of having the disease, but with negative tests in 57.1%. A PM‐REIAASM2012 cut‐off of 8 events/h, still resulted in a positive post‐test probability of 100% but with negative tests in only 34.3%. Combination of the cut‐off values with clinical estimation of being ‘at high risk’ based on Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Berlin Questionnaire scores only resulted in a small reduction in the percentage of negative tests (respectively 52.7% and 32.7%). After 6 months, CPAP adherence was not lower using the PM‐REIAASM 2012 cut‐off ≥8 events/h in comparison to ≥15 events/h (median 5.7 vs. 5.8 h/night, p = 0.368) and the reduction in ESS was similar too (median –4 and –5 points, p = 0.083). Consequently, using a lower PM‐REIAASM2012 cut‐off could result in cost savings because of less negative studies and lesser need for a confirmatory PSG or a performance of a CPAP trial.
Hepatitis C active viremia over time in an ED‐based testing programme: Impact, disparities and surveillance tool
Authors: Reynolds Lindy , Franco Ricardo , Prados Myles , Rodgers Joel B. , Hand Delissa T. , Walter Lauren A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) surveillance is a critical component of a comprehensive strategy to prevent and control HCV infection and HCV‐related chronic liver disease. The emergency department (ED) has been increasingly recognized as a vital partner in HCV testing and linkage. We sought to consider active RNA HCV viremia over time in patients participating in an ED‐based testing programme as a measure of local HCV surveillance and as a barometer of ED‐testing programme impact. We performed a retrospective analysis of individuals participating in our ED‐based HCV testing programme between 2015 and 2021. Chi‐square tests were used to compare the demographic characteristics of HCV antibody positive tests with active viremia to those without active viremia. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the trend in active viremia risk over time in the overall study population as well as in key subpopulations of interest. Of 5456 HCV antibody positive individuals, 3102 (56.8%) had active viremia. In the overall study population, we found that the risk of active viremia decreased by 4.8% per year during the study period (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.97|p < .0001). Baby boomers experienced a 9% decrease in active viremia risk per year over the study period while non‐baby boomers only had a 2% decrease in risk per year (p = .0009). Compared with insured patients, uninsured patients had a smaller decrease in risk of active HCV viremia per year (p = .003). No significant differences in the risk of active viremia over time were observed for gender (p = .4694) or by primary care provider status (p = .2208). In conclusion, this ED‐based testing and linkage programme demonstrates significantly decreased active HCV viremia over time. It also highlights subpopulations, specifically non‐baby boomers and uninsured patients, who may benefit from focused interventions to improve access to and adoption of definitive HCV care.
Predicting early‐age stress evolution in restrained concrete by thermo‐chemo‐mechanical model and active ensemble learning
Authors: Liang Minfei , Chang Ze , He Shan , Chen Yu , Gan Yidong , Schlangen Erik , Šavija Branko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEarly‐age stress (EAS) is an important index for evaluating the early‐age cracking risk of concrete. This paper encompasses a thermo‐chemo‐mechanical (TCM) model and active ensemble learning (AEL) for predicting the EAS evolution. The TCM model provides the data for the AEL model. First, based on Fourier's law, Arrhenius’ equation, and rate‐type creep law, a TCM model is built to simulate the heat transfer, cement hydration, and viscoelasticity, which together determine the EAS evolution. Then, a material model composed of an eXtreme Gradient Boosting model and adjusted Model Code 2010 is built to allow for parametric study and database construction. Finally, an AEL framework is built, which incorporates principal component analysis (PCA), Gaussian process, and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM). This study resulted in the following findings: (1) The dimensionality of the 672‐by‐1 EAS vector can be effectively reduced by PCA, and the first principal component (PC) is a global index representing the magnitude of the EAS; (2) the mechanical field of the TCM model is validated by testing data. Correlation analysis on the first PC quantifies the influence of various input parameters of the TCM model, which is in accordance with common understandings of the EAS evolution process. (3) The AEL and one‐shot ensemble learning (OSEL) both achieve high prediction performance in the testing set, whose R2 reaches 0.961 and 0.948, respectively. Thanks to the uncertainty‐based query procedure, comparing with OSEL, AEL shows advantages in prediction performance over the whole training history. (4) AEL can significantly reduce the number of samples required for training, which can be a major improvement in efficiency considering the computational cost of the TCM model.
Community resilience assessment via agent‐based modeling approach
Authors: Aghababaei Mohammad , Koliou Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a comprehensive community‐level model is developed advancing the use of agent‐based modeling for the purpose of community resilience planning. Agents to simulate businesses, healthcare system, and people are introduced, which are utilized along with a set of developed agents for the education system, utilities, and households to create an agent‐based model of the Centerville testbed subjected to tornado hazards. Resilience measures are also introduced to quantify the resilience of the community and its systems and make it possible to assess various strategies related to pre‐disaster preparedness for informed decision‐making. The results show the capability of the proposed computational model to capture the complex behaviors and dynamics of interdependent systems within a community and to evaluate the impact of disruptions on the community as well as a series of resilience measures (mitigation strategies) for the purposes of community planning. Therefore, the proposed model and its findings could provide a new tool for interested community stakeholders and decision‐makers assessing mitigation strategies to enhance the recovery time and resilience of the community.
Systematic review of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis: The contribution of neuroimaging
Authors: de Oliveira Vítor Falcão , Magri Marcello Mihailenko Chaves , Levin Anna S. , Silva Guilherme Diogo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced neuroimaging demonstrated that neurological involvement occurs in up to 30% of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) cases. Current knowledge of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPCM) is based on a 2009 systematic review. However, in the last decade, several new cases have been published, with modern neuroimaging techniques.ObjectivesWe believe a new systematic review is needed to summarise these advances.MethodsWe searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and LILACS for studies from January 2010 to May 2022. Case series and case reports of NPCM were included. We performed a metaproportion to estimate a summary proportion with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThirty‐four studies including 104 patients were evaluated. We combined our data with the results from the previous review that included 257 cases, totalling 361 patients. We found no new important demographic, clinical or laboratory characteristics. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we found that 72% (95%CI: 38–91) had hyperintensity on T1‐weighted image; 84% (95%CI: 71%–92%) had hypointensity on T2‐weighted image; 80% (95%CI: 66–89) had contrast enhancement with the classical ring‐enhancing pattern. All 8 patients undergoing spectroscopy presented lipid peaks. We found a 16% mortality, lower than in the previous review (44%).ConclusionNPCM presents a characteristic pattern on MRI that may help to differentiate it from other causes of single or multiple brain lesions. Albeit there is a frequent pattern, it is not specific, as other granulomatous diseases may show similar findings. Advances in neuroimaging with early diagnosis and appropriate management of the disease may have contributed to reducing its mortality.
Sugar‐sweetened beverages and periodontal disease: A systematic review
Authors: Gupta Vandana , Dawar Anika , Bhadauria Upendra Singh , Purohit Bharathi M. , Nilima Nilima 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis systematic review aims to determine the association between the consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) and periodontal disease. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed to conduct a literature search on five electronic databases till January 2022. Systemically healthy individuals consuming SSBs and presenting periodontal disease (gingivitis/periodontitis) were included. The modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the Grading of Recommendation Assessment Development and Evaluation criteria were respectively used to assess the risk of bias and the evidence's quality. Of the 1303 eligible records identified in the initial search, ten studies (nine cross‐sectional and one case–control) were selected for the final review. Among the included articles, five reported SSBs intake in the form of carbonated soft drinks, two as sugary drinks, two as soft drinks, and one as coffee with added sugar. Four studies reported gingivitis as an outcome, while the remaining six studies reported periodontitis using validated indices. The included studies were of medium to high quality. Consumption of SSBs may increase gingival bleeding, thereby gingivitis and the risk of periodontitis. Intake of added sugars like SSBs should be considered as a potential factor during gingival/periodontal risk assessment. Further studies are warranted to establish additional evidence of association.
Use of combined cerebral and somatic renal near infrared spectroscopy during noncardiac surgery in children: a proposed algorithm
Authors: Franzini Stefania , Brebion Myriam , Crowe Ann‐Marie , Querciagrossa Stefania , Ren Melissa , Leva Ernesto , Orliaguet Gilles 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCerebral near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring has been extensively applied in neonatology and in cardiac surgery, becoming a standard in many pediatric cardiac centers. However, compensatory physiological mechanisms favor cerebral perfusion to the detriment of peripheral tissue oxygenation. Therefore, simultaneous measurement of cerebral and somatic oxygen saturation has been advocated to ease the differential diagnosis between central and peripheral sources of hypoperfusion, which may go undetected by standard monitoring and not mirrored by cerebral NIRS alone. A clinical algorithm already exists in cardiac surgery, aimed to correct intraoperative cerebral oxygen desaturations. A similar algorithm still lacks in noncardiac pediatric surgery. The goal of this paper is to propose a clinical algorithm for the combined use of cerebral and somatic NIRS monitoring during anesthesia in the pediatric population undergoing noncardiac surgery. A panel of experienced pediatric anesthetists developed the algorithm that is based on the clinical experience and intraoperative observations. It aims to lessen the current variability in interpreting NIRS measurement. Multisite NIRS monitoring was achieved applying one pediatric sensor to the forehead for cerebral tissue perfusion reading and a second one to the decumbent lumbar region for recording somatic renal tissue perfusion. The algorithm describes a sequence of acts aimed to identify the putative cause of intraoperative organ tissue desaturation and suggests clinical interventions expected to restore adequate tissue perfusion. It is composed of two arms: the main arm includes patients with an observed decrease in cerebral perfusion (CrO2), the second one includes those with a stable CrSO2 with declining RrSO2. Described also are five clinical cases of infants and neonates in whom pathological alterations of organ perfusion were detected using intraoperative multisite NIRS monitoring, portrayed in the accompanying figures (Annex).
Vitiligo‐like manifestations of graft‐versus‐host disease in a pediatric population
Authors: Dai Julia , Hight Robert S. , Grullon Karina , Xiao Teresa L. , Stein Sarah L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVitiligo‐like changes are an uncommon cutaneous manifestation of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). We report three cases and review the literature of pediatric patients with vitiligo‐like changes associated with GVHD. Improved characterization of this phenomenon may lend insight into the biologic pathways that underlie both vitiligo and GVHD.
‘Self‐confidence and Self‐Conceit Render Men Fools’: Seventeenth‐Century ‘Self‐’ Compounds, Puritan Discourse and Early Modern Subjectivity☆
Authors: Keeble N. H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe unprecedented enlargement of the English lexicon in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries included a conspicuous group of new compounds with ‘self’ as the first element. After only a handful of such compounds in Middle English, nearly 150 were coined in the sixteenth century, and then an astonishing 600 or so in the seventeenth (approaching half of all such compounds recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary). This sudden obsession with one compounded element is unparalleled in English lexical history. It signals a very significant conceptual and ideological shift, one which we might expect to herald modernity's positive emphasis on subjectivity and individuality. However, these compounds came into being to express not the potentiality and value of individual experience but deep anxiety and wariness about ‐ even loathing and castigation of ‐ the self as the primary tool of Satan: Adam and Eve fell though becoming ‘selfists’. This paper explores this disquiet through discussion of a range of such compounds recorded in OED from Puritan texts, to conclude that they articulated not a growing confidence in the self and encouragement to self‐reliance and self‐realisation, but a drive towards self‐abnegation and subjection.