bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellulose in secondary xylem of Cactaceae: chemical composition and anatomical distribution
Authors: Maceda Agustín , Soto-Hernández Marcos , Terrazas Teresa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cellulose is the main polymer that gives strength to the cell wall and consists of crystalline-microfibrils and amorphous-matrix cellulose located in the primary and secondary cell walls of the plants. In the Cactaceae family, there are studies on the composition of lignin but not on the composition of cellulose. Therefore, the objective of his work is to analyze the chemical composition and distribution of cellulose in the cells of the xylem tissue. Twenty-five species of Cactaceae were collected, dried, and milled. The extractables were removed until obtaining extractive-free wood. Subsequently, cellulose was purified, readings with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were made, and the crystallinity indexes were calculated. In addition, for the anatomical analysis of wood, stem sections for each plant were fixed, cut, and stained with safranin O / fast green to observe them under the epifluorescence microscope with three excitation and emission bands. The results showed that crystalline cellulose percentages were different between non-fibrous and fibrous species. In non-fibrous species, the values for crystalline cellulose were above 60%. The fluorescence emission of cellulose in all species was red, the distribution of cellulose in non-fibrous species was in the primary wall; while in the fibrous species, the distribution was in the internal walls and the pits. The high percentages of crystalline cellulose may be related to its distribution in the non-lignified parenchyma and primary walls of tracheary elements with helical or annular thickenings of non-fibrous species, possibly offering structural rigidity and as part of the defense system against pathogens.
Shikonin triggers GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in tumours by regulating autophagy via the ROS–MAPK14/p38α axis
Authors: Ju Xiaoli , Wang Jiayou , Wang Jin , Guo Lanfang , Zhang Heng , Wang Qiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Shikonin (SK), a botanical drug extracted from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has been shown to inhibit tumour growth through apoptosis and necrosis. However, whether SK induces pyroptosis in cancer cells is still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that SK treatment induced gasdermin E (GSDME)-dependent pyroptosis in tumour cells. The activation of BAX/caspase-3 signalling was essential for GSDME-mediated pyroptosis by SK. Mechanistically, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by SK treatment initiated GSDME-dependent pyroptosis. SK stimulation induced protective autophagy in a ROS-dependent manner, and repressed autophagy significantly enhanced SK-induced pyroptosis. Moreover, MAPK14/p38α, a ROS sensor, modulated SK-induced autophagy and ultimately affected GSDME-dependent pyroptosis. This study demonstrated that SK initiates ROS signalling to drive pyroptosis in cancer cells and implicates SK as having an anticancer effect by inducing tumour cell death.
A query interface for clinical research with Chinese electronic health record using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Li Mengyang , Cai Hailing , Chen Yani , Lu Xudong , Duan Huilong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The recruitment of clinical trials is a challenging task. Traditionally, the time-consuming task is accomplished manually or assisted by form-based tools. Electronic health record (EHR) contains comprehensive information which can speed up the process. The development of natural language processing (NLP) makes it possible to reduce manual effort. To our knowledge, there are almost no query interfaces based on NLP techniques for Chinese EHR.Methods: A query interface based on NLP was developed. Firstly, we collected and annotated eligibility criteria(EC) from the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Then, an information extraction(IE) system was developed to parse them including named entity recognition(NER), relation classification(RC), and concept matching(CM). Next, the extracted information was post-processed(PP) to generate formal queries. Finally, we built a natural language query interface based on the system.Results: 4691 stroke-related EC were collected for annotation. 91.23% F1 score was achieved for the NER task. For the RC task, 92.75% F1 score was achieved. For the CM task, 90.78% accuracy was achieved and an evaluation result showed 42.42% of entities from NER results can be matched with EHR. And a natural language query interface has been implemented and applied in clinical research about stroke. Conclusions: We build a query interface for Chinese EHR based on NLP techniques. The proposed information extraction pipeline can support medical professionals to reduce the information gap with minimal human effort when interacting with Chinese EHR.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Approximating Electrical and Thermal Conductivities of Cu-CNT Composites
Authors: Ejaz Faizan , Hwang Leslie K , Son Jangyup , Kim Jin-Sang , Lee Dong Su , Kwon Beomjin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article explores the deep learning approach towards approximating the effective electrical and thermal conductivities of copper (Cu)-carbon nanotube (CNT) composites with CNTs aligned to the field direction. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are trained to map the two-dimensional images of stochastic Cu-CNT networks to corresponding conductivities. The CNN model learns to estimate the Cu-CNT composite conductivities for various CNT volume fractions, interfacial electrical resistances, Rc = 20 Ω − 20 kΩ, and interfacial thermal resistances, R”t,c = 10− 10 m2K/W − 10− 7 m2K/W. For training the CNNs, we optimize the hyperparameters such as learning rate, minibatch size, and hidden layer neurons. Without iteratively solving the physical governing equations, the trained CNN model approximates the electrical and thermal conductivities within a second with an accuracy greater than 98%, which may take longer than 100 minutes for a convectional numerical simulation. This work demonstrates the potential of the deep learning surrogate model for the complex transport processes in composite materials.
Coding and noncoding genes involved in atrophy and compensatory muscle growth in Nile Tilapia
Authors: Ali Ali R. , Shaalan Walaa M. , Al-Tobasei Rafet , Salem Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Improvements in growth-related traits reduce fish time and production costs to reach market size. Feed deprivation and refeeding cycles have been introduced to maximize aquaculture profits through compensatory growth. However, the molecular compensatory growth signature is still uncertain in Nile tilapia. In this study, fish were subjected to two weeks of fasting followed by two weeks of refeeding. The growth curve in refed tilapia was suggestive of a partial compensatory response. Transcriptome profiling of starved and refed fish was conducted to identify genes regulating muscle atrophy and compensatory growth. Pairwise comparisons revealed 5,009 and 478 differentially expressed (DE) transcripts during muscle atrophy and recovery, respectively. Muscle atrophy appears to be mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy/lysosome systems. Autophagy-related 2A, F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7, F-box only protein 32, miR-137, and miR-153 showed exceptional high expression suggesting them as master regulators of muscle atrophy. On the other hand, the muscle compensatory growth response appears to be mediated by the continuous stimulation of muscle hypertrophy which exceeded normal levels found in control fish. For instance, genes promoting ribosome biogenesis or enhancing the efficiency of translational machinery were upregulated in compensatory muscle growth. Additionally, myogenic microRNAs (e.g., miR-1 and miR-206), and hypertrophy-associated microRNAs (e.g., miR-27a-3p, miR-29c, and miR-29c) were reciprocally expressed to favor hypertrophy during muscle recovery. Overall, the present study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle mass in fish. The study pinpoints extensive growth-related gene networks that could be used to inform breeding programs and also serve as valuable genomic resources for future mechanistic studies.
Safety and outcomes of combined immune checkpoint inhibitor and radiation therapy for patients with melanoma brain metastases
Authors: Desagneaux Andréa , Charles Julie , Kastler Adrian , Dols Anne -Marie , Leccia Marie-Thérèse , Elhalawani Hesham , Aizer Ayal , Flandin Isabelle , Verry Camille 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
In spite of the promising results of systemic treatment in melanoma, the development of brain metastases remains a common issue, often prompting use of Radiation Therapy (RT). The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) and brain RT with a focus on timing of both treatments.
METHODS
This retrospective study included all consecutive patients treated for a brain metastatic melanoma with an ICI (anti – CTLA4 or anti – PD1 or both) and brain RT from December 1, 2010 and April 30, 2018. The concurrent group was defined by an ICI performed within 4 weeks before or after RT. Primary endpoint was neurological adverse events graded with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0.
RESULTS
Fifty - three consecutive patients were included. A total of 81 RT courses were performed: 23 with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and 58 with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). The majority of RT (63%, n = 51) was delivered with concurrent ICI. Acute neurological Adverse Events (AE) ≥ grade 3 occurred for 12.3% of RT course, with no difference between concurrent and non – concurrent groups. The median OS after RT was 11.5 months for the entire cohort with 15.9 months for SRT in comparison to 2.7 months for WBRT. The objective response rate was significantly better for concurrent ICI – SRT group at 66.7% compared to 40% for non-– concurrent group (p = 0.04). One-year LC probability was higher in the concurrent group than in the non-concurrent group, respectively 72. % vs 38.5% (p = 0.007).
CONCLUSIONS
Combined RT and ICI is well tolerated with acceptable neurological adverse events. Stereotactic radiation therapy delivered concurrently with ICI is associated with improved local control.
Distribution characteristics and clinical significance of circulating CD8 + CD28 - regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Yu Xin , Lin Yao , Chen Hui , Huang Li-Na , Song Yi-Yan , Gu Bin-Bin , Ye Zhi-Jian , Xu Ping , Zhang Jian-Ping , Xu Jun-Chi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) may be closely related to the progression of PTB. In this study, the distribution characteristics and clinical importance of CD8+CD28- Treg cells in patients with tuberculosis were systematically analyzed, and the role and importance of CD8+CD28- Treg cells in influencing the immune response and progression of tuberculosis were discussed, which will provide immunological indices and reference values for the clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis.Methods: Flow cytometry, sputum smears and CT imaging were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of CD8+CD28- Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with PTB and the correlation between CD8+CD28- Treg cells and clinical and immune indices.Results: Compared with those in the healthy control (HCs) group, the percentages of CD4+CD25high and CD8+CD28- Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with PTB increased significantly. Further analysis showed that compared with that in the HCs group, the percentage of CD4+CD25high Treg cells in the Stage II group increased significantly. The percentages of CD4+CD25high and CD8+CD28- Treg cells increased significantly in patients in the Stage II group. The proportion of CD8+CD28-Treg cells was directly proportional to the positive degree of sputum smears, while CD4+CD25high Treg cells did not show this effect.The correlations between the percentage of CD4+CD25high and CD8+CD28- Treg cells and the percentage of lymphocyte subsets were examined. CD8+CD28-Treg cells were negatively correlated with CD4+T cells and positively correlated with the CD8+T cell ratio in the HCs and PTB groups. CD4+CD25highTreg cells were positively correlated with CD4+T cells only in the PTB group.Conclusions: This study was the first to show that the proportion of CD8+CD28- Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with PTB was significantly increased, and the increase in CD8+CD28-Treg cells was related to the progression of PTB, which may affect the proportion of immune cell subsets by inhibiting the immune response, resulting in the progression of PTB.
Multi-phased ASM evolution and rainfall response during Heinrich Stadial 5
Authors: Liu Dianbing , Mi Xiang , Liu Shushuang , Wang Yongjin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Changes in Asian summer monsoon (ASM) circulation and regional precipitation were reconstructed from stalagmite δ 18 O and trace element records from Wulu Cave in southern China, covering Chinese Interstadial (CIS) 13 to Heinrich Stadial (HS) 5. During HS 5, the evolution of δ 18 O-based ASM can be divided into four stages, i.e., an abrupt onset/termination and unstable mid-HS 5 (a slow ASM decline followed by a stepwise ASM strengthening). The extent of ASM weakening in mid-HS 5, relative to the mean δ 18 O value, reaches 58% of the total magnitude of HS 5. In contrast, multi-stage variability is less clear in element-inferred rainfall variations, which feature a stadial/interstadial pattern. During CIS 13, large-amplitude element oscillations are accompanied by a rapid decline at the onset of HS 5, with a limited range of variability in HS 5. The rainfall reduction in mid-HS 5, in comparison with the mean level, approximates 33% of the full event, practically equivalent to that during Chinese Stadial (CS) 14. It suggests a pronounced sensitivity of ASM and an inertial precipitation response to HSs. During HS 5, a cooling in the eastern tropical Pacific could favor a formation of La Niña state and a wetting in southern China. The timing of HS 5 in our record (48.53±0.12 ka, 47.19±0.12 ka) agrees well with the central age of spatially-separated cave records (48.72±0.14 ka, 47.35±0.24 ka). At the onset of HS 5, Asian hydroclimate changes are coeval with bipolar ice-core records, but lead the Greenland warming by 300 years at the termination or are synchronous with Greenland records via atmospheric CH 4 constraints. This at least implicates that the monsoonal rainfall is less sensitive to climate perturbations during HS 5.
Surface protein modification of living bacteria: a promising antitumor therapeutic strategy
Authors: He Zhongming , Chen Kun , An Yu , He Jie , Zhang Xiaoli , Tang Lannan , Sun Fa , Jiang Kehua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: Validating the feasibility of surface modification of Escherichia coli (E. coli) with bovine serum albumin (BSA), and propose a approach of protein modification on living bacterial surface to to develop a new antitumor therapeutic strategy. Methods: Based on the advantages of live bacteria and albumin in drug delivery and antitumor therapy, E. coli and BSA were used as the live bacteria and target protein, respectively. Through the bridging action of biotin and streptavidin, the surface of E. coli was modified by BSA. To enhance the chemotaxis ability, tumor adhesion and targeting ability of E. coli vector, we report a new method of using living bacterial surface protein modification as a tool to develop a promising antitumor therapeutic strategy. Results: BSA modification on the surface of E. coli was feasible and enhanced the tumor targeting ability and adhesion capacity of E. coli to tumor cells. Conclusion: Protein modification on the surface of living bacteria was effective and easy, and the novel strategy would enable the development of a new model of live bacteria as anti-tumor therapy.
Multi-cancer early detection with a spectroscopic liquid biopsy platform
Authors: Cameron James M. , Sala Alexandra , Antoniou Georgios , Brennan Paul M. , Butler Holly J. , Conn Justin J.A. , Connal Siobhan , Curran Tom , Hegarty Mark G. , McHardy Rose , Orringer Daniel , Palmer David S. , Smith Benjamin R. , Baker Matthew J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A rapid, low-cost, sensitive, multi-cancer early detection (MCED) test would be transformational in the diagnostics field. Earlier cancer detection can increase survival rates and quality of life of patients. An effective test must accurately identify the small proportion of patients with typically non-specific symptoms who have cancer. Such symptoms do not easily segregate by organ system, necessitating a multi-cancer approach. In this large-scale study (n = 2094 patients) we applied the Dxcover® Cancer Liquid Biopsy to differentiate cancer against non-cancer patients, as well as organ specific tests to identify cancers of the brain, breast, colorectal, kidney, lung, ovary, pancreas, and prostate. The test uses Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze all macromolecules in a minute volume of patient serum, and machine learning algorithms to build a classifier of the resultant spectral profiles to detect cancer. This approach can be fine-tuned to maximize either sensitivity or specificity depending on the requirements from different healthcare systems and cancer diagnostic pathways. The cancer v asymptomatic non-cancer classification detected 64% of stage I cancers when specificity was 99% (overall sensitivity 56%). When tuned for higher sensitivity, this model identified 99% of stage I cancers (while specificity was 58%). When examining cancer against all non-cancer (including symptomatic patients), the sensitivity-tuned model enabled 90% sensitivity with 61% specificity, with detection rates of 93% for stage I, 84% for stage II, 92% for stage III and 95% for stage IV. For organ specific cancer classifiers, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve values were calculated for all cancers: brain (0.90), breast (0.75), colorectal (0.91), kidney (0.91), lung (0.91), ovarian (0.86), pancreatic (0.85) and prostate (0.86). Cancer treatment is more effective when given earlier and this low-cost strategy can facilitate the requisite earlier diagnosis.
The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and cobalamin deficiency in patients with chronic urticaria.
Authors: Abadeh Armin , Herman Sari M , Abdalian Rupert 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThere is a paucity of studies reporting the presence of systemic symptoms and micronutrient deficiency in patients with chronic urticaria, and these data are lacking in a Canadian population.Objective To report the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and cobalamin deficiency in a Canadian patient population diagnosed with chronic urticaria. MethodsA retrospective chart review of 100 adult patients with chronic urticaria was conducted. Demographic characteristics, medications, presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and laboratory findings were abstracted from electronic medical records. ResultsSeventy percent of patients with chronic urticaria reported experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms. The most common symptom identified was gastroesophageal reflux (42%). Cobalamin deficiency, defined as serum B12 ≤250 pmol/L, was identified in 31.7% of the patients. Among those patients with urticaria and B12-deficiency, 68% reported gastrointestinal symptoms. ConclusionsThis is the first study to provide data on the high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and cobalamin deficiency in a Canadian population diagnosed with chronic urticaria. Early recognition and management of systemic symptoms and micronutrient deficiency may lead to a more comprehensive approach to management of these patients.
Analysis of outcome indicators of cancer-related fatigue treated with Chinese medicine
Authors: Li Zhonghui , Zhang Xinwei , Weng Yueyan , Zhou Lei , Wang Fang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
In the direction of evaluating the current status of outcome indicators and control group selection in randomized controlled studies of Chinese herbal compounding for cancer-caused fatigue, and to provide a reference for clinical studies of Chinese herbal compounding for cancer-caused fatigue.
Methods
Randomized controlled studies of Chinese herbal medicine for cancer-caused fatigue in the midst of 2012 and 2022 were searched in CNKI, PubMed, and EMBASE databases on the China Knowledge Network. Two researchers independently conducted the literature review, and then the studies that met the criteria were grouped and analyzed adopting qualitative analysis of outcome indicators and control groups.
Results
A total of 70 randomized controlled studies that met the requirements were included, and after doing statistical analysis, it can draw to the conclusion that the risk of bias in the included studies was high, at the same time, the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)evidence score scale, objective indicators, and safety indicators were underutilized, additionally, there were no uniform standards for the fatigue scale, and the selection of control groups lacked balance and consistency.
Conclusion
The outcome indicators of TCM compound treatment of cancer-caused fatigue should be on the basis of the principle of "diagnosis and treatment" in TCM, the proportion of objective indicators should be exaggerated, as well as the interventions in the control group should be unified.
Efficacy of combination therapy with lenvatinib, programmed cell death 1 inhibitors and transarterial therapy: a propensity score-matching cohort study
Authors: Lang Mengran , Gan Leijuan , Ren Shaohua , Ma Xiaochen , Li Guangtao , Li Huikai , Zhang Ti , Wu Qiang , Cui Yunlong , Zhang Wei , Fang Feng , Li Qiang , Lu Wei , Song Tianqiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose Few studies have investigated the efficacy of triple combination therapy with lenvatinib, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors and transarterial therapy in patients with intermediate/advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed patients with intermediate/advanced HCC treated at Tianjin Cancer Hospital from December 2018 to October 2020 and compared outcomes of lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors and transarterial therapy (LEN-PD1-TH) versus lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors (LENPD1). Propensity score-matching was used. The primary study endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and overall response rate (ORR) assessed using modified RECIST. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify factors that affected prognosis. Results In total, 152 patients were included. Propensity score matching led to 35 matched patients in each group. The median follow-up time was 14 months (95% CI, 10.1-17.9) as of May 2021. The LEN-PD1-TH group had a longer median PFS and OS versus the LEN-PD1 group (15 vs. 9 months; P=0.004 and 14 months vs. NA; P<0.001, respectively). The ORR was significantly higher in the LEN-PD1-TH group versus the LEN-PD1 group (42.9 vs. 20.1%; P=0.039). In multivariate analysis, all triple therapy regimens were associated with improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR]=0.362; 95% CI, 0.185-0.771; P=0.003) and OS (HR=0.143; 95% CI, 0.053-0.383; P<0.001). Child-Pugh class B and Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage (BCLC) C disease were identified as risk factors for PFS, and large tumor size was a risk factor for OS. Patients with extrahepatic metastases, no vascular invasion, tumor diameter <10 cm, tumor number >3, BCLC stage C, and alpha-fetoprotein ≤400 ng/ml showed a tendency to benefit from the triple therapy regimen. The addition of transarterial therapy to lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors did not significantly increase adverse reactions. Conclusions LEN-PD1-TH improved survival outcomes for patients with intermediate to advanced HCC compared to LEN-PD1.