bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum selective autophagy alleviates anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Nakagama Shun , Maejima Yasuhiro , Fan Qintao , Shiheido-Watanabe Yuka , Tamura Nastuko , Ihara Kensuke , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a critical role for preventing death of cardiomyocytes induced by excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in response to cytotoxicity of anthracycline antineoplastic drugs through mitigating misfoled proteins accumulation in the hearts. Here, we demonstrate that ER-selective autophagy (ER-phagy) serves as a salvage system which enable cardiomyocytes to survive even if UPR fails to restore ER stress induced by doxorubicin (Dox), an anthracycline drug, by using in-house developed monitoring systems to evaluate the activity of ER-phagy in cardiomyocytes. Notably, ER-phagy contributes to relieving cardiac damage induced by Dox administration and is mediated by CCPG1, an ER-phagy receptor protein. Furthermore, ablation of CCPG1 abolished ER-phagy and worsened Dox-induced cardiac damage by inducing excessive ER stress-associated apoptosis. Our data highlight a compensatory role of CCPG1-driven ER-phagy in reducing Dox toxicity and pose a potential therapeutic target to intervene against Dox induced cardiomyopathy.
Automated de novo drug design and Anti-coronavirus activity studies of 3CLpro inhibitors
Authors: Li Xiangqian , Lin Yuxi , liu Hao , Wang Qian , Wang Zhuoya , Chen Jianing , Liu Ruihua , Wang Zemin , We Zhiqiang , Wang Xin , Shi Dayong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Activity-based lead screening and druggability-based structure optimization are usually torn into two independent processes, although both are related to the chemical structure of target compounds. It leads to an unsatisfactory success ratio and inefficient drug development. DeepRLADS, a de novo molecular design assay, was established based on deep reinforcement learning training, integrating activity screening and structure optimization into a single artificial intelligence (AI)-based drug discovery module. Targeting the relatively easy-verified porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus (PEDV) main protease (Mpro, 3CLpro), a diverse virtual library of potential 3CLpro inhibitors was created by splitting existing inhibitors, digitizing fragments, and de novo design, focusing on their potential biological activities and pharmacological properties. The AI-designed compound 11b has a novel catechol-pyrazoline structure, presenting efficient inhibition against Mpro, surprising protection against PEDV infection, low toxicity, and favorable pharmacokinetic properties in vitro and in vivo. Low-dose oral 11b (5 mg/kg) reversed PEDV-induced diarrhea in 5-day-old piglets and greatly improved the survival rate (from 0% to 100%). A preclinical study (560 cases) in eight independent farms indicated an inspiring recovery rate (survival rate: 95.8% in treated piglets VS 9.1% in untreated piglets). Compound 11b is the first proven chemical efficiently protecting piglets in a large-scale preclinical study with multiple centers. It suggested that the novel strategy used by DeepRLADS was a hopeful approach for further AI-based drug design.
Comparative efficacy and safety of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy localization and CT- guided percutaneous localization in thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Yan , Shen Shui-jun , Wang Can-yun , Zhou Qiao-juan , Jing Qi-Feng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety between electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) and CT-guided percutaneous localization prior to resection of pulmonary nodules.
Methods
Pubmed, Embase, Web of science, and the Cochrane library databases were searched from January 2000 to April 2022 for relevant studies. The primary outcome was the success rate, and the secondary outcomes were the pneumothorax rates and localization time. The meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.4.
Results
Four cohort studies comprising 366 patients (ENB group: 160, CT group: 206) were analyzed. Compared with the CT-guided group, the ENB-guided group was associated with lower pneumothorax rates (relative ratio [RR] = 0.16, 95% CI 0.04–0.65, P = 0.01). No significant differences were found in success rates (relative ratio [RR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99–1.05, P = 0.21) and localization time (mean difference [MD] = 0.99, 95% CI -5.73-7.71, P = 0.77) between the ENB- and CT-guided groups.
Conclusions
ENB-guided localization has huge prospects as a preoperative marking technique before pulmonary nodule resection.
How much does a minimum weight at discharge delay discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit?
Authors: desai Riddhi , Bhola Monika , Ronis Sarah , Ryan Rita 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective: Determine if discharge at physiologic maturity (PM) (based on national guidelines) even if <1800g, the minimum weight for discharge at our institution, will decrease hospital days (HD).
Methods: We reviewed 129 infants with birthweight 1300g-1800g. Data were analyzed by paired t-test/ Wilcoxon-rank-sum test.
Results: Age at discharge vs. age at PM was 0.55d per infant higher (P-value 0.033) resulting in 71 total HD. For SGA babies, this difference was 1.47d vs 0.19d in non-SGA babies (P–value 0.0243) and this difference was an average of 2.63d (P-value <0.001) for those who reached PM <1800g, contributing to 50 of 71 HD potentially saved.
Conclusion: There was a 0.55-2.6-day difference between age at discharge and age at PM, greater in SGA infants and infants who reached PM prior to 1800g. There might be an opportunity to send infants home earlier to their families if there is no minimum weight required.
CD301b+ macrophages: a new target for improving the efficiency of orthodontic treatment under mild inflammation
Authors: Hu Li , Wang Nan , Zhao Qin , Gong Zijian , Fu Liangliang , Jiaojiao Li 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With improvements in the quality of life and the demand for aesthetics, more and more people are opting for orthodontic treatment, resulting in a surge in adult orthodontic patients in recent years. However, a large body of clinical evidence shows that many orthodontic patients experience periodontal inflammation, which hinders the effect of the treatment or exacerbates the periodontal status. Therefore, determining the key factors that affect orthodontic treatment in an inflammatory environment to improve the efficiency of the treatment is vital. In this study, we focused on the critical role of macrophages during orthodontic treatment in an inflammatory environment. The functional population of macrophages was analyzed in a rat orthodontic model with periodontitis. Macrophages with high expression levels of CD301b improved the periodontal microenvironment and the efficiency of the orthodontic tooth movement. Transplantation of CD301b + macrophages into the model promoted osteogenesis around the orthodontic mobile teeth, improved bone remodeling during the orthodontic process, and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. These findings indicate that CD301b + macrophages may have a positive effect during orthodontic treatment in an inflammatory environment and could be considered as a potential regulatory target.
Combined Carrier Screening and Prenatal Diagnosis for Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Thalassemia and Hereditary Deafness in 2873 Chinese Pregnant Women
Authors: Wang Zhihui , LI yuanyan , Wu jieli , cai xiaohe , chen ruyang , Zhang Lixiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the clinical significance of combined carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis for SMA, thalassemia and hereditary deafness.
Methods
There were 2873 pregnant women from Wenzhou Central Hospital in Wenzhou city Zhejiang Province, China, between February 2020 and January 2022 accepted carrier screening. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva of the screened group. SMN1 exon 7 and/or 8 mutations were detected by real-time quantitative PCR; results were confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. α- and β-globin gene mutations and hereditary deafness gene mutations were detected using PCR and flow-through hybridization techniques. DNA-based prenatal diagnosis was performed on amniotic fluid when parents both carried at least one gene mutation of the three diseases. Prenatal diagnosis was performed for 22 at-risk fetuses.
Results
Among 2873 pregnant women, 419 carried at least one allele associated with the three diseases (14.6%, 419/2873); 70 (2.4%) of these carried SMA alleles, 245 (8.5%) thalassemia genes, and 127 (4.4%) deafness genes. The positive rate of combined carrier screening was higher than that of a single gene test (SMA, 6.1X higher 14.6%/2.4%; thalassemia, 1.7X higher, 14.6%/8.5%; hereditary deafness, 3.3X higher 14.6%/4.4%). After detailed genetic counseling, 350 paternal partners (84%, 350/419) were tested for corresponding mutations. Three couples were SMA carriers, 14 couples were thalassemia carriers, and 5 couples were hereditary deafness gene carriers. All 22 couples underwent prenatal diagnosis; At last, 1 fetus confirmed with SMA, two with α-­thalassemia major and one with hereditary deafness.
Conclusion
Combined carrier screening for these three genetic diseases improves screening efficiency, increases the positive detection rate and reduces economic expenditure. We recommend a combined antenatal screening program to prevent SMA, thalassemia major and hereditary deafness at birth.
Neural correlates of delusion in Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Kwak Seyul , Kim Hairin , Kim Keun You , Lee Dasom , Oh Da Young , Nam Gieun , Lee Jun-Young 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and delusions are highly prevalent among people with dementia. However, multiple roots of neurobiological bases and shared neural basis of delusion and cognitive function remain to be characterized. By utilizing a fine-grained multivariable approach, we investigated distinct neuroanatomical correlates of delusion symptoms across a large population of dementing illnesses. In this study, 750 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease completed brain structural imaging and neuropsychological assessment. We utilized principal component analysis followed by varimax rotation to identify the distinct multivariate correlates of cortical thinning patterns. Five of the cognitive domains were assessed whether the general cognitive abilities mediate the association between cortical thickness and delusion. The result showed that distributed thickness patterns of temporal and ventral insular cortex (component 2), inferior and lateral prefrontal cortex (component 1), and somatosensory-visual cortex (component 5) showed negative correlations with delusions. Subsequent mediation analysis showed that component 1 and 2, which comprises inferior frontal, anterior insula, and superior temporal regional thickness accounted for delusion largely through lower cognitive functions. Specifically, executive control function assessed with the Trail Making Test mediated the relationship between two cortical thickness patterns and delusions. Our findings suggest that multiple distinct subsets of brain regions underlie the delusions among older adults with cognitive impairment. Moreover, a neural loss may affect the occurrence of delusion in dementia largely due to impaired general cognitive abilities.
Clinical and Subclinical Arteriosclerotic Disease in Octagenarians With Hip Fracture. A Case – Control Study.
Authors: Capdevila-Reniu Aina , Navarro-López Margarita , Sierra-Benito Cristina , Sapena Victor , Suárez-Lombraña Ana , Solari Bryan David , Arroyo Marta , Camafort-Babkowski Miguel , López-Soto Alfonso 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases share risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. Hip fracture and cardiovascular diseases are very common in older people.
Objectives: Evaluate clinical and subclinical arteriosclerotic disease in older patients with hip fracture compared with patients without fracture in order to increase knowledge about the relation between both diseases in old patients.
Method: Age- and sex matched case-control study of octogenarians with and without recent hip fracture. Vascular risk factors, subclinical vascular diseases (assessed by carotid plaques, carotid intima media thickness and arterial stiffness) as well as cardiovascular diseases were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic models were used to estimate Odds Ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess the association arteriosclerosis and hip fracture.
Results: We analyzed 95 patients per group with a median age of 82 [79-87] years of whom 77.9% were female. Patients in both groups have elevated rates of vascular disease (25%) without differences between them. Patients with hip fracture had higher subclinical arteriosclerotic alterations with higher percentage of carotid plaques (OR 3.25 [1.06 - 9.97]) compared with the control group.
Conclusions: Old patients with hip fracture had significantly higher presence of subclinical alterations but not increase on rate of cardiovascular arteriosclerotic disease compared with those without hip fracture. Is mandatory to increase our knowledge in shared risk factors for both diseases to enhance fracture prevention or vice versa.
Soil-landscape characterization and mapping to advance the state of spatial soil information on Ethiopian highlands: Implications for site-specific soil management
Authors: Seifu Weldemariam , Elias Eyasu , Gebresamuel Girmay , Legesse Gudina , Tefera Wolde 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Currently, soil characterization and classification are becoming the primary source of information for precision agriculture, land use planning, and management. Thus, this study was focused on perusing the landscape-scale spatial variation of soils in data-scarce areas using toposequence-based ground sampling to characterize and classify the soils. Six typical profiles representing major landforms were opened and studied for their morphological characteristics and physical and chemical properties. Results revealed that the soils were shallow to very deep in depth, moderately acidic to moderately alkaline in soil reaction, non-saline in salinity, and clay to sandy loam in texture. The soils were found to be very low to low in organic carbon, very low to medium in TN, low to medium in av. P, very low in av. S, very low to low in av. B, high to very high in CEC and very low to very high in base saturation. The soils were also found deficient in Zn and sufficient in Fe, Cu, and Mn. Following the field survey and soil analytical results, five main reference soil groups, mollic Leptosols (Eutric), Prothovertio Luvisols (Clayic, Aric, Escalic), Skeletic Fluvisols (Arenic, Densic), Haplic Leptosols (Skeletic), Haplic Vertisols (Endocalcaric, Ochric), and Haplic Cambisols (Arenic, Aric) were identified in the different parts of the topographic positions. Profile − 2, 3, 5, and 6 were classified in I to IV land capability class (LCC) and grouped as arable land with some limitations. They were also in a suitable to a marginally suitable range. The severe constraints to crop cultivation in the area are generally low fertility, erosion hazard, and climate for all soil units. Therefore, continuous manure and compost integration with chemical fertilizer, reducing complete crop residue removal, and soil and water conservation measures are essential to overcome these common and other production limitations.
Perioperative blood loss factors associated with decreased level of postoperative hemoglobin in stable femoral pertrochanteric fracture groups treated with PFNA.
Authors: Juszczak Bartłomiej , Broniatowska Elżbieta , Pardała Tomasz 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aim : The purpose of this analysis was to
compare simple pertrochanteric fractures (PTFs) AO31-A1.2 and PTFs
with the detachment of lesser trochanter AO31-A1.3 along with the
risk factors of perioperative blood loss in terms of their impact
on postoperative level of hemoglobin.
Methods : This study analysed the clinical data of
334 unilateral, stable PTFs classified as AO31-A1.2 (205 cases) and
AO31-A1.3 (129 cases) treated with proximal femoral nail
antirotation (PFNA). First postoperative level of hemoglobin and
hemoglobin drop (difference between first on admission to hospital
and first postoperative hemoglobin levels) were chosen as the
principal outcome. Analyzed patients were not transfused between
hemoglobin measurements. Multivariate linear regression analysis
was performed to study perioperative blood loss risk factors in
patients undergoing surgery.
Results : Pertrochanteric fractures with the
detachment of lesser trochanter (AO31-A1.3) are associated with
both greater hemoglobin drop (p=0.011) and lower postoperative
hemoglobin level (p=0.078). AO31-A1.3 type of fracture is also
correlated with greater risk of postoperative blood transfusion
(p=0.038). Female were associated with lower postoperative
hemoglobin than men irrespective of the type of fracture (9.31 g/dl
vs 10.1 g/dl; p<0.0001).
Multi linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, type of
fracture, fracture gap displacement, preoperative level of
hemoglobin and angle of the fracture gap significantly affect
postoperative level of hemoglobin.
Conclusion: Despite being recognized as stable PTF
with the detachment of lesser trochanter (AO31-A1.3) is burdened
with greater risk of postoperative anemia and blood transfusion
than simple PTF (AO31-A1.2). Fracture gap displacement and angle of
fracture gap are useful predictors for lower level of postoperative
hemoglobin.
Grasshopper genome reveals long-term conservation of the X chromosome and temporal variation in X chromosome evolution
Authors: Li Xinghua , Mank Judith , Ban Liping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present the first chromosome-level genome assembly of the grasshopper, Locusta migratoria, one of the largest insect genomes. We use coverage differences between females (XX) and males (X0) to identify the X chromosome gene content and find that the X chromosome shows both complete dosage compensation in somatic tissues and an underrepresentation of testes-expressed genes. Remarkably, X-linked gene content from L. migratoria is highly conserved across four insect orders, namely Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Diptera, and the 800 Mb grasshopper X chromosome is homologous to the fly ancestral X chromosome despite 400 million years of divergence, suggesting either repeated origin of sex chromosomes with highly similar gene content, or long-term conservation of the X chromosome. We use this broad conservation of the X chromosome to test for temporal dynamics to Fast-X evolution, and find evidence of a recent burst evolution for new X-linked genes in contrast to slow evolution of X-conserved genes. Additionally, our results reveal the X chromosome represents a hotspot for adaptive protein evolution related migration and the locust swarming phenotype. Overall, our results reveal a remarkable case of conservation and adaptation on the X chromosome.
An Organic Convolution Model of the Ventral Visual Pathway Can Explain the Curvature Selective Shape Tuning Found in Area V4
Authors: Gold Carl 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This modeling study investigates whether an orderly convergence of neuronal selectivities from cortical areas V1 and V2 can produce curvature selective receptive fields found in area V4. A model of the ventral visual pathway from V1 to V4 is composed of approximately 500,000 individual integrate and fire units. The V1 and V2 models are based on recent findings about the composition of V2 receptive fields. A novel proposal is made for how V4 neurons may create selectivity for varying degrees of local curvature through the orderly convergence of afferent inputs from V2. The study employs a novel method for simulating individual spikes in large numbers of model neurons using tensor programming and GPU hardware: Assuming that convergent functional micro-architectural patterns repeat in topographically organized visual space, the details of individual unit depolarization and spike time is modeled using convolution operations combined with a model for the time course of post-synaptic potentials. The few parameters in the model are set manually, and this is sufficient to qualitatively reproduce the V4 recordings. This demonstrates that convolution is a useful model for understanding fast feed forward processing in the ventral visual path and that convolution technologies can be used for the realistic simulation of large numbers of neurons at an intermediate level of biological detail.
Salt intake assessed by three-days’ 24-hour urine in relation to intestinal microbiota and metabolites in Chinese boarding school children and adolescents
Authors: Dong Jie , Yu Xiaoran , Li Liping , Xiang Shiting , Li Xun , Huang Caizhi , Qin Yongquan , Zhu Shaolun , Zheng Jie , Yan Yinkun , Mi Jie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
More and more studies have shown that high salt intake changed intestinal microbiota and host metabolites. However, no studies have explored the association of a high-salt diet with intestinal microbiota and metabolites in children and adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between salt intake and intestinal microbiota and host metabolites in Chinese boarding school children and adolescents based on 24-h urinary sodium excretion over three consecutive days.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in three boarding schools, from September to October 2021. In 153 children, we analyzed the diversity of intestinal microbiota as well as microbiota composition in normal salt (salt intake < 5.8 g/day) diet and a high salt diet (salt intake ≥ 5.8 g/day) and used linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis to find differential bacterial taxa. Subsequently, we explored the association of salt intake with fecal metabolites and 24-h urinary metabolites in the subgroup analysis.
Results
The high salt diet was associated with decreased diversity and increased abundance of conditionally pathogenic bacteria that have been linked to metabolic syndromes risk factors, such as Prevotella and Lachnospira (P < 0.05). High salt intake was associated with concentrations of several fecal metabolites, including Isobutyric acid and 2-Furoic acid, and several urinary metabolites such as Proline and Pentadecanoic acid in comparison with the normal salt diet. In addition, these metabolites also showed some correlation with differences in intestinal microbiota due to different salt intake levels.
Conclusions
Our findings show that the level of salt intake is associated with the intestinal microbiota and host metabolites in children and adolescents, thus providing some basis for explaining the pathogenesis of a high salt diet affecting human health and filling gaps in this area of research in children.