bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COPD identification and grading based on deep learning of lung parenchyma and bronchial wall in chest CT images
Authors: Zhang Lin , Jiang Beibei , Wisselink Hendrik Joost , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Xie Xueqian 
Published: February 2022

Objective Chest CT can display the main pathogenic factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema and airway wall remodeling. This study aims to establish deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models using these two imaging markers to diagnose and grade COPD. Methods Subjects who underwent chest CT and pulmonary function test (PFT) from one hospital (n = 373) were retrospectively included as the training cohort, and subjects from another hospital (n = 226) were used as the external test cohort. According to the PFT results, all subjects were labeled as Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Grade 1, 2, 3, 4 or normal. Two DenseNet-201 CNNs were trained using CT images of lung parenchyma and bronchial wall to generate two corresponding confidence levels to indicate the possibility of COPD, then combined with logistic regression analysis. Quantitative CT was used for comparison. Results: In the test cohort, CNN achieved an area under the curve of 0.899 (95%CI: 0.853–0.935) to determine the existence of COPD, and an accuracy of 81.7% (76.2–86.7%), which was significantly higher than the accuracy 68.1% (61.6%–74.2%) using quantitative CT method (p < 0.05). For three-way (normal, GOLD 1–2, and GOLD 3–4) and five-way (normal, GOLD 1, 2, 3, and 4) classifications, CNN reached accuracies of 77.4 and 67.9%, respectively. Conclusion CNN can identify emphysema and airway wall remodeling on CT images to infer lung function and determine the existence and severity of COPD. It provides an alternative way to detect COPD using the extensively available chest CT. Advances in knowledge CNN can identify the main pathological changes of COPD (emphysema and airway wall remodeling) based on CT images, to infer lung function and determine the existence and severity of COPD. CNN reached an area under the curve of 0.853 to determine the existence of COPD in the external test cohort. The CNN approach provides an alternative and effective way for early detection of COPD using extensively used chest CT, as an important alternative to pulmonary function test.
Risk factors for self-harm and suicidal ideation and behaviour in adolescents and young adults: a protocol for an umbrella review of systematic reviews
Authors: Mc Evoy David , Walsh Cathal , Clarke Mary 
Published: February 2022

Background:There are many primary studies on the risk and protective factors for self-harm and suicidal ideation and/or behaviour in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) age group. Moreover, there have been many systematic reviews on these primary studies. Some of these focus on a specific population, a geographic area, a specific risk factor or a socioeconomic group, whereas others are more general in their approach. An umbrella review of these systematic reviews is an appropriate design to synthesise the available research regarding the main risks and protective factors for self-harm and suicidal ideation and/or behaviour in AYAs and to establish the relative strength of the associations of these risk and protective factors. Methods and analysis: The PRISMA-P checklist was used for this protocol. The databases to be used for this umbrella review will be Ovid Medline, Embase, APA PsycInfo, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, and Scopus. Systematic reviews included will date as far back as the year 2010 and up to the present so as to ensure that the evidence is contemporary and up-to-date. Two authors, including the first author, will independently screen the results for inclusion. The AMSTAR 2 checklist will be used for the quality assessment process and the overall strength of the body of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE tool. Prospero registration number: CRD42021282277
Public attitudes to a human challenge study with SARS-CoV-2: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Barker Caroline , Collet Katharine , Gbesemete Diane , Piggin Maria , Watson Daniella , Pristerà Philippa , Lawerence Wendy , Smith Emma , Bahrami-Hessari Michael , Johnson Halle , Baker Katherine , Qavi Ambar , McGrath Carmel , Chiu Christopher , Read Robert C. , Ward Helen 
Published: February 2022

Background: Human challenge studies involve the deliberate exposure of healthy volunteers to an infectious micro-organism in a highly controlled and monitored way. They are used to understand infectious diseases and have contributed to the development of vaccines. In early 2020, the UK started exploring the feasibility of establishing a human challenge study with SARS-CoV-2. Given the significant public interest and the complexity of the potential risks and benefits, it is vital that public views are considered in the design and approval of any such study and that investigators and ethics boards remain accountable to the public. Methods: Mixed methods study comprising online surveys conducted with 2,441 UK adults and in-depth virtual focus groups with 57 UK adults during October 2020 to explore the public’s attitudes to a human challenge study with SARS-CoV-2 taking place in the UK. Results: There was overall agreement across the surveys and focus groups that a human challenge study with SARS-CoV-2 should take place in the UK. Transparency of information, trust and the necessity to provide clear information on potential risks to study human challenge study participants were important. The perceived risks of taking part included the risk of developing long-term effects from COVID, impact on personal commitments and mental health implications of isolation. There were a number of practical realities to taking part that would influence a volunteer’s ability to participate (e.g. Wi-Fi, access to exercise, outside space and work, family and pet commitments). Conclusions: The results identified practical considerations for teams designing human challenge studies. Recommendations were grouped: 1) messaging to potential study participants, 2) review of the protocol and organisation of the study, and 3) more broadly, making the study more inclusive and relevant. This study highlights the value of public consultation in research, particularly in fields attracting public interest and scrutiny.
APLICATIVO MÓVEL DE TELEORIENTAÇÃO E TELEMONITORAMENTE NO CUIDADO DA COVID 19: Avaliação dos Usuários
Authors: CAVALCANTE FILHO JOAO BATISTA , Triarca Patrick Joaner Lobo , De Paula Luciana Guiamarães Nunes , Godoy Flavia Giovannone de , Santos Maria Heliziane dos 
Published: February 2022

Introdução: O presente estudo é fruto do Projeto de Extensão Universitária Monitora COVID-19 - desenvolvido pela Universidade Federal de Sergipe - que tem por objetivo inserir, sob a orientação de professores da instituição, estudantes de graduação na teleorientação e telemonitoramento realizados através de um aplicativo criado para este fim – Aplicativo Monitora COVID 19. Objetivo: avaliar a satisfação dos usuários do Aplicativo Monitora COVID 19 residentes no estado de Sergipe - Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, através de questões fechadas em questionário produzido pelos pesquisadores e enviado aos usuários do aplicativo por via eletrônica. Resultados: observou-se que 57,32% dos usuários afirmaram estar muito satisfeitos com o uso do aplicativo, enquanto 9 usuários (5,73%) declararam-se muito insatisfeitos com seu uso. Quando analisada questão que utilizou a metodologia Net Promoter Score (NPS) encontrou-se um total de 75,80% de usuários classificados como promotores e 9,55% de detratores, resultando em um NPS de 66,25, considerado muito bom. Conclusão: A pandemia de COVID 19 aumentou as possibilidades de utilização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação para ampliação do acesso ao cuidado em saúde. Nesta experiência, a utilização de um aplicativo para teleorientação e telemonitoramento foi bem avaliada pelos usuários e pode ser um legado das estratégias de enfrentamento da pandemia.
El diablo, personaje literario en el teatro del exilio español de 1939
Authors: Santa María Fernández María Teresa 
Published: February 2022

En diversas obras de teatro del exilio español de 1939 aparece el diablo como uno de los personajes de la trama. En las siete obras estudiadas, que van desde Angélica en el umbral de cielo de Eduardo Blanco Amor, de 1943, hasta Adán y Eva (Diálogos famosos) de Salvador de Madariaga, de 1970, los escritores exiliados dotan al personaje del diablo de rasgos estereotipados, heredados de una tradición bíblica y literaria. Pero, a la vez, aportan una dimensión novedosa que parte de una visión de la religión y de la existencia humana diferente a dichos modelos literarios.
Enhancement of photoacoustic spectroscopy with sorption enrichment for ppt-level benzene detection
Authors: Karhu Juho , Hieta Tuomas 
Published: February 2022

A real-time trace gas detector for benzene is demonstrated. The measurement system takes advantage of modest enrichment through short adsorption periods to reach a ppt-level detection limit with a sampling cycle of 90 s, which includes sample adsorption, desorption, and a spectroscopic measurement. Benzene is collected on Tenax TA sorbent for 30 s and then detected from the enriched samples with photoacoustic spectroscopy. High sensitivity is achieved using cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy and a continuous-wave quantum cascade laser emitting at 14.8 µm wavelength, which corresponds to the absorption wavelength of the strongest benzene infrared band. We reach a detection limit of 150 ppt of benzene, over one sampling cycle. Interference from humidity and other common petrochemicals is evaluated.
Compact, broadband, and low-loss multimode optical switch based on phase-change material for mode division multiplexing systems
Authors: Atri Ali , Zarifkar Abbas , Mehrabi Kolsoom 
Published: February 2022

Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) technology is one of the suitable approaches to increase data transmission capacity in photonic integrated circuits. Multimode optical switches play an important role in MDM interconnection networks. In this article, we present a multimode on–off optical switch using

G

e

2

S

b

2

S

e

4

T

e

1

phase-change material for the first two TE modes (TE0 and TE1) and the first two TM modes (TM0 and TM1) in a wide wavelength range between 100 nm to around 1550 nm. The 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate that for each propagating mode across the bandwidth, the insertion loss and extinction ratio are less than 0.80 dB and more than 20.21 dB, respectively. The proposed switch has a compact footprint of

10.7

µ

m

×

3

µ

m

. The presented switch also tolerates a

±
20

n
m

change in the waveguide width, a

±
10

n
m

silicon waveguide height deflection, and a

±
5

n
m

GSST thickness variation with an insertion loss lower than 0.91 dB and an extinction ratio higher than 19.04 dB.
Mouse models of Japanese encephalitis virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis using a meta-regression approach
Authors: Bharucha Tehmina , Cleary Ben , Farmiloe Alice , Sutton Elizabeth , Hayati Hanifah , Kirkwood Peggy , Al Hamed Layal , van Ginneken Nadja , Subramaniam Krishanthi S. , Zitzmann Nicole , Davies Gerry , Turtle Lance 
Published: February 2022

Background
Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus (JEV) remains a leading cause of neurological infection across Asia. The high lethality of disease and absence of effective therapies mean that standardised animal models will be crucial in developing therapeutics. However, published mouse models are heterogeneous. We performed a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of published JEV mouse experiments to investigate the variation in model parameters, assess homogeneity and test the relationship of key variables against mortality.

Methodology/ Principal findings
A PubMed search was performed up to August 2020. 1991 publications were identified, of which 127 met inclusion criteria, with data for 5026 individual mice across 487 experimental groups. Quality assessment was performed using a modified CAMARADES criteria and demonstrated incomplete reporting with a median quality score of 10/17. The pooled estimate of mortality in mice after JEV challenge was 64.7% (95% confidence interval 60.9 to 68.3) with substantial heterogeneity between experimental groups (I^2 70.1%, df 486). Using meta-regression to identify key moderators, a refined dataset was used to model outcome dependent on five variables: mouse age, mouse strain, virus strain, virus dose (in log10PFU) and route of inoculation. The final model reduced the heterogeneity substantially (I^2 38.9, df 265), explaining 54% of the variability.

Conclusion/ Significance
This is the first systematic review of mouse models of JEV infection. Better adherence to CAMARADES guidelines may reduce bias and variability of reporting. In particular, sample size calculations were notably absent. We report that mouse age, mouse strain, virus strain, virus dose and route of inoculation account for much, though not all, of the variation in mortality. This dataset is available for researchers to access and use as a guideline for JEV mouse experiments.
First PCR Confirmed anthrax outbreaks in Ethiopia—Amhara region, 2018–2019
Authors: Ashenefe Wassie Baye , Fantaw Surafel , Mekonene Yonas , Teshale Amete Mihret , Yitagesu Yohannis , Tsige Estifanos , Getahun Desalegn , Tasew Geremew , Abichu Getachew , Moges Beyene , Abate Ebba , Abayneh Takele , Zeru Taye , Belay Zewdu , Mor Siobhan M. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Anthrax is a disease that affects humans and animals. In Ethiopia, anthrax is a reportable disease and assumed to be endemic, although laboratory confirmation has not been routinely performed until recently. We describe the findings from the investigation of two outbreaks in Amhara region.

Methods
Following reports of suspected outbreaks in Wag Hamra zone (Outbreak 1) and South Gondar zone (Outbreak 2), multi-sectoral teams involving both animal and public health officials were deployed to investigate and establish control programs. A suspect case was defined as: sudden death with rapid bloating or bleeding from orifice(s) with unclotted blood (animals); and signs compatible with cutaneous, ingestion, or inhalation anthrax ≤7 days after exposure to a suspect animal (humans). Suspect human cases were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Samples were collected from humans with suspected anthrax (Outbreak 1 and Outbreak 2) as well as dried meat of suspect animal cases (Outbreak 2). A case was confirmed if a positive test was returned using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results
In Outbreak 1, a total of 49 cows died due to suspected anthrax and 22 humans developed symptoms consistent with cutaneous anthrax (40% attack rate), two of whom died due to suspected ingestion anthrax. Three people were confirmed to have anthrax by qPCR. In Outbreak 2, anthrax was suspected to have caused the deaths of two livestock animals and one human. Subsequent investigation revealed 18 suspected cases of cutaneous anthrax in humans (27% attack rate). None of the 12 human samples collected tested positive, however, a swab taken from the dried meat of one animal case (goat) was positive by qPCR.

Conclusion
We report the first qPCR-confirmed outbreaks of anthrax in Ethiopia. Both outbreaks were controlled through active case finding, carcass management, ring vaccination of livestock, training of health professionals and outreach with livestock owners. Human and animal health authorities should work together using a One Health approach to improve case reporting and vaccine coverage.
Syndromic surveillance: A key component of population health monitoring during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in France, February-June 2020
Authors: Thiam Marie-Michèle , Pontais Isabelle , Forgeot Cécile , Pedrono Gaëlle ,   SurSaUD® Regional Focal Point,   SOS Médecins,   Group of Emergency Medicine Doctors, Paget Louis-Marie , Fouillet Anne , Caserio-Schönemann Céline 
Published: February 2022

Background
The French syndromic surveillance (SyS) system, SurSaUD®, was one of the systems used to monitor the COVID-19 outbreak.

Aim
This study described the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19-related visits to both emergency departments (EDs) and the network of emergency general practitioners known as SOS Médecins (SOSMed) in France from 17 February to 28 June 2020.

Methods
Data on all visits to 634 EDs and 60 SOSMed associations were collected daily. COVID-19-related visits were identified using ICD-10 codes after coding recommendations were sent to all ED and SOSMed doctors. The time course of COVID-19-related visits was described by age group and region. During the lockdown period, the characteristics of ED and SOSMed visits and hospitalisations after visits were described by age group and gender. The most frequent diagnoses associated with COVID-19-related visits were analysed.

Results
COVID-19 SyS was implemented on 29 February and 4 March for EDs and SOSMed, respectively. A total of 170,113 ED and 59,087 SOSMed visits relating to COVID-19 were recorded, representing 4.0% and 5.6% of the overall coded activity with a peak in late March representing 22.5% and 25% of all ED and SOSMed visits, respectively. COVID-19-related visits were most frequently reported for women and those aged 15–64 years, although patients who were subsequently hospitalised were more often men and persons aged 65 years and older.

Conclusion
SyS allowed for population health monitoring of the COVID-19 epidemic in France. As SyS has more than 15 years of historical data with high quality and reliability, it was considered sufficiently robust to contribute to defining the post-lockdown strategy.
Determining vitreous viscosity using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
Authors: Srikantha Nishanthan , Teijeiro-Gonzalez Yurema , Simpson Andrew , Elsaid Naba , Somavarapu Satyanarayana , Suhling Klaus , Jackson Timothy L. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
Vitreous humor is a complex biofluid whose composition determines its structure and function. Vitreous viscosity will affect the delivery, distribution, and half-life of intraocular drugs, and key physiological molecules. The central pig vitreous is thought to closely match human vitreous viscosity. Diffusion is inversely related to viscosity, and diffusion is of fundamental importance for all biochemical reactions. Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) may provide a novel means of measuring intravitreal diffusion that could be applied to drugs and physiological macromolecules. It would also provide information about vitreous viscosity, which is relevant to drug elimination, and delivery.

Methods
Vitreous viscosity and intravitreal macromolecular diffusion of fluorescently labelled macromolecules were investigated in porcine eyes using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated (FITC) dextrans and ficolls of varying molecular weights (MWs), and FITC-bovine serum albumin (BSA) were employed using FRAP bleach areas of different diameters.

Results
The mean (±standard deviation) viscosity of porcine vitreous using dextran, ficoll and BSA were 3.54 ± 1.40, 2.86 ± 1.13 and 4.54 ± 0.13 cP respectively, with an average of 3.65 ± 0.60 cP.

Conclusions
FRAP is a feasible and practical optical method to quantify the diffusion of macromolecules through vitreous.
Assessment of medical management in Coronary Type 2 Diabetic patients with previous percutaneous coronary intervention in Spain: A retrospective analysis of electronic health records using Natural Language Processing
Authors: González-Juanatey Carlos , Anguita-Sá́nchez Manuel , Barrios Vivencio , Núñez-Gil Iván , Gómez-Doblas Juan Josá , García-Moll Xavier , Lafuente-Gormaz Carlos , Rollán-Gómez María Jesús , Peral-Disdie Vicente , Martínez-Dolz Luis , Rodríguez-Santamarta Miguel , Viñolas-Prat Xavier , Soriano-Colomé Toni , Muñoz-Aguilera Roberto , Plaza Ignacio , Curcio-Ruigómez Alejandro , Orts-Soler Ernesto , Segovia Javier , Maté Claudia ,   SAVANA Research Group, Cequier Ángel 
Published: February 2022

Introduction and objectives
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) previously revascularized with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at high risk of recurrent ischemic events. We aimed to provide real-world insights into the clinical characteristics and management of this clinical population, excluding patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, using Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology.

Methods
This is a multicenter, retrospective study based on the secondary use of 2014–2018 real-world data captured in the Electronic Health Records (EHRs) of 1,579 patients (0.72% of the T2D population analyzed; n = 217,632 patients) from 12 representative hospitals in Spain. To access the unstructured clinical information in EHRs, we used the EHRead® technology, based on NLP and machine learning. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were considered: MI, ischemic stroke, urgent coronary revascularization, and hospitalization due to unstable angina. The association between MACE rates and the variables included in this study was evaluated following univariate and multivariate approaches.

Results
Most patients were male (72.13%), with a mean age of 70.5±10 years. Regarding T2D, most patients were non-insulin-dependent T2D (61.75%) with high prevalence of comorbidities. The median (Q1-Q3) duration of follow-up was 1.2 (0.3–4.5) years. Overall, 35.66% of patients suffered from at least one MACE during follow up. Using a Cox Proportional Hazards regression model analysis, several independent factors were associated with MACE during follow up: CAD duration (p < 0.001), COPD/Asthma (p = 0.021), heart valve disease (p = 0.031), multivessel disease (p = 0.005), insulin treatment (p < 0.001), statins treatment (p < 0.001), and clopidogrel treatment (p = 0.039).

Conclusions
Our results showed high rates of MACE in a large real-world series of PCI-revascularized patients with T2D and CAD with no history of MI or stroke. These data represent a potential opportunity to improve the clinical management of these patients.