bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ECG method for positioning the tip of peripherally inserted central catheters in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhao Conghui , Zhu Yuxin , Yin Xinxin , Zhang Congcong , He Yingxia , Gao Jingfang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo observe the changes of F waves on electrocardiograms (ECGs) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation during the insertion of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), and to analyze the application effect of the ECG method (through F wave changes) for guiding PICC tip positioning.MethodsSeventy‐two patients who met the inclusion criteria and needed a PICC catheter were selected as the research subjects. We observed waveforms in the ECGs when the tip of the catheter reached a predetermined position. The chest X‐ray results were used as the gold standard to calculate the sensitivity and specificity, and judge the safety and accuracy of ECG‐guided PICC tip positioning in patients with atrial fibrillation.ResultsOf the 72 patients, there was no significant difference between the ECG method and chest X‐ray results (χ2 = 0.2, p > 0.05). Sixty‐one patients had F wave changes on ECG and 10 had no obvious changes (X‐ray results confirmed that five patients had a tip position that was too shallow, two had ectopic tip positions, and three were located in the correct place). The sensitivity of the method was 95.7% and the specificity was 80%.ConclusionAs the ECG baselines of patients with persistent atrial fibrillation were difficult to judge and the F wave was irregular, we found that the F wave was significantly higher than before catheter insertion and fell back while withdrawing the catheter, so the catheter should be fed until the F wave significantly increased as the correct position of the catheter tip.
Effects of pharmacist interventions on cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes: An umbrella review of meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rattanavipanon Wipharak , Chaiyasothi Thanaputt , Puchsaka Punyawee , Mungkornkaew Rachata , Nathisuwan Surakit , Veettil Sajesh K. , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn 
Published: February 2022

AimsTo grade the evidence from published meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed effects of pharmacist intervention on cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to July 2021. Meta‐analyses of RCTs were eligible. Quality of evidence were assessed by GRADE approach.ResultsFrom 9308 publications, 149 full‐text articles were evaluated for eligibility, and 24 studies with 85 unique meta‐analyses that assessed effects of pharmacist intervention on cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes were selected. Overall, 71.7% (61/85) of unique meta‐analyses showed significant impacts of pharmacist intervention. For the quality of evidence, 63.4% of meta‐analyses had large heterogeneity (I2 > 50%) while 1.2, 16.5, 32.9 and 49.4% of meta‐analyses were graded as high, moderate, low and very low quality based on GRADE approach, respectively. Among meta‐analyses with moderate quality, pharmacist interventions significantly mitigated risk factors (including 6/3 mmHg reduction of blood pressure, increased the rate of lipid control, glucose control and smoking cessation (pooled odds ratio, [95% confidence interval] 1.91 [1.55, 2.35], 3.11 [2.3, 4.3] and 2.3 [1.33, 3.97], respectively) and improved medication adherence (1.67 [1.38, 2.02]). Furthermore, pharmacist interventions significantly reduced all‐cause mortality (0.72 [0.58, 0.89]) and improved quality of life in patients suffering from chronic heart failure.ConclusionThis umbrella review found convincing evidence that pharmacist intervention can provide a wide range of benefits in cardiovascular disease management, ranging from risk factor control, improvement in medication adherence and, in some settings, reduction in morbidity and mortality.
An e‐Delphi study to obtain expert consensus on the level of risk associated with preventable e‐prescribing events
Authors: Heed Jude , Klein Stephanie , Slee Ann , Watson Neil , Husband Andy , Slight Sarah Patricia 
Published: February 2022

AimsWe aim to seek expert opinion and gain consensus on the risks associated with a range of prescribing scenarios, preventable using e‐prescribing systems, to inform the development of a simulation tool to evaluate the risk and safety of e‐prescribing systems (ePRaSE).MethodsWe conducted a two‐round e‐Delphi survey where expert participants were asked to score pre‐designed prescribing scenarios using a five‐point Likert scale to ascertain the likelihood of occurrence of the prescribing event, likelihood of occurrence of harm and the severity of the harm.ResultsTwenty‐four experts consented to participate with 15 pand 13 participants completing rounds 1 and 2, respectively. Experts agreed on the level of risk associated with 136 out of 178 clinical scenarios with 131 scenarios categorised as high or extreme risk.ConclusionWe identified 131 extreme or high‐risk prescribing scenarios that may be prevented using e‐prescribing clinical decision support. The prescribing scenarios represent a variety of categories, with drug–disease contraindications being the most frequent, representing 37 (27%) scenarios, and antimicrobial agents being the most common drug class, representing 28 (21%) of the scenarios. Our e‐Delphi study has achieved expert consensus on the risk associated with a range of clinical scenarios with most of the scenarios categorised as extreme or high risk. These prescribing scenarios represent the breadth of preventable prescribing error categories involving both basic and advanced clinical decision support. We will use the findings of this study to inform the development of the e‐prescribing risk and safety evaluation tool.
Randomised controlled cognition trials in remitted patients with mood disorders published between 2015 and 2021: A systematic review by the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Targeting Cognition Task Force
Authors: Miskowiak Kamilla W. , Seeberg Ida , Jensen Mette B. , Balanzá‐Martínez Vicent , del Mar Bonnin Caterina , Bowie Christopher R. , Carvalho Andre F. , Dols Annemieke , Douglas Katie , Gallagher Peter , Hasler Gregor , Lafer Beny , Lewandowski Kathryn E. , López‐Jaramillo Carlos , Martinez‐Aran Anabel , McIntyre Roger S. , Porter Richard J. , Purdon Scot E. , Schaffer Ayal , Stokes Paul , Sumiyoshi Tomiki , Torres Ivan J. , Van Rheenen Tamsyn E. , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Young Allan H. , Kessing Lars V. , Burdick Katherine E. , Vieta Eduard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairments are an emerging treatment target in mood disorders, but currently there are no evidence‐based pro‐cognitive treatments indicated for patients in remission. With this systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Targeting Cognition Task force provides an update of the most promising treatments and methodological recommendations.MethodsThe review included RCTs of candidate pro‐cognitive interventions in fully or partially remitted patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. We followed the procedures of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Searches were conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycInfo, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from January 2015, when two prior systematic reviews were conducted, until February 2021. Two independent authors reviewed the studies with the Revised Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool for Randomised trials.ResultsWe identified 16 RCTs (N = 859) investigating cognitive remediation (CR; k = 6; N = 311), direct current or repetitive magnetic stimulation (k = 3; N = 127), or pharmacological interventions (k = 7; N = 421). CR showed most consistent cognitive benefits, with two trials showing improvements on primary outcomes. Neuromodulatory interventions revealed no clear efficacy. Among pharmacological interventions, modafinil and lurasidone showed early positive results. Sources of bias included small samples, lack of pre‐screening for objective cognitive impairment, no primary outcome and no information on allocation sequence masking.ConclusionsEvidence for pro‐cognitive treatments in mood disorders is emerging. Recommendations are to increase sample sizes, pre‐screen for impairment in targeted domain(s), select one primary outcome, aid transfer to real‐world functioning, investigate multimodal interventions and include neuroimaging.
Characterisation of infections in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia receiving venetoclax and a hypomethylating agent
Authors: On Sandy , Rath Carolyn G. , Lan Michelle , Wu Bobby , Lau Kimberly M. , Cheung Edna , Alegria William , Young Rebecca , Tan Marisela , Kim Carrie , Phun Jennifer , Patel Nimish , Mannis Gabriel , Logan Aaron C. , Kennedy Vanessa , Goodman Aaron , Taplitz Randy A. , Young Patricia A. , Wen Raymond , Saunders Ila M. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryWe investigated the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and other infectious complications in patients receiving venetoclax and hypomethylating agent therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This retrospective, multicentre cohort study included adult patients with AML who received at least one cycle of venetoclax and either azacitidine or decitabine between January 2016 and August 2020. The primary outcome was the incidence of probable or confirmed IFI. Secondary outcomes included antifungal prophylaxis prescribing patterns, incidence of bacterial infections, and incidence of neutropenic fever hospital admissions. Among 235 patients, the incidence of probable or confirmed IFI was 5.1%. IFI incidence did not differ significantly according to age, antifungal prophylaxis use, or disease status. In the subgroup of patients with probable or confirmed IFIs, six (50%) were receiving antifungal prophylaxis at the time of infection. The overall incidence of developing at least one bacterial infection was 33.6% and 127 (54%) patients had at least one hospital admission for febrile neutropenia. This study demonstrated an overall low risk of developing probable or confirmed IFI as well as a notable percentage of documented bacterial infections and hospital admissions due to neutropenic fever.
Unveiling the complexity and ecological function of aquatic macrophyte–animal networks in coastal ecosystems
Authors: Manca Federica , Mulà Clelia , Gustafsson Camilla , Mauri Achille , Roslin Tomas , Thomas David N. , Benedetti‐Cecchi Lisandro , Norkko Alf , Strona Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTNetwork theory offers innovative tools to explore the complex ecological mechanisms regulating species associations and interactions. Although interest in ecological networks has grown steadily during the last two decades, the application of network approaches has been unequally distributed across different study systems: while some kinds of interactions (e.g. plant–pollinator and host–parasite) have been extensively investigated, others remain relatively unexplored. Among the latter, aquatic macrophyte–animal associations in coastal environments have been largely neglected, despite their major role in littoral ecosystems. The ubiquity of macrophyte systems, their accessibility and multi‐faceted ecological, economical and societal importance make macrophyte–animal systems an ideal subject for ecological network science. In fact, macrophyte–animal networks offer an aquatic counterpart to terrestrial plant–animal networks. In this review, we show how the application of network analysis to aquatic macrophyte–animal associations has the potential to broaden our understanding of how coastal ecosystems function. Network analysis can also provide a key to understanding how such ecosystems will respond to on‐going and future threats from anthropogenic disturbance and environmental change. For this, we: (i) identify key issues that have limited the application of network theory and modelling to aquatic animal–macrophyte associations; (ii) illustrate through examples based on empirical data how network analysis can offer new insights on the complexity and functioning of coastal ecosystems; and (iii) provide suggestions for how to design future studies and establish this new research line into network ecology.
Critical thermal limits in ants and their implications under climate change
Authors: Nascimento Geraldo , Câmara Talita , Arnan Xavier 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTCritical thermal limits (CTLs) constrain the performance of organisms, shaping their abundance, current distributions, and future distributions. Consequently, CTLs may also determine the quality of ecosystem services as well as organismal and ecosystem vulnerability to climate change. As some of the most ubiquitous animals in terrestrial ecosystems, ants are important members of ecological communities. In recent years, an increasing body of research has explored ant physiological thermal limits. However, these CTL data tend to centre on a few species and biogeographical regions. To encourage an expansion of perspectives, we herein review the factors that determine ant CTLs and examine their effects on present and future species distributions and ecosystem processes. Special emphasis is placed on the implications of CTLs for safeguarding ant diversity and ant‐mediated ecosystem services in the future. First, we compile, quantify, and categorise studies on ant CTLs based on study taxon, biogeographical region, methodology, and study question. Second, we use this comprehensive database to analyse the abiotic and biotic factors shaping ant CTLs. Our results highlight how CTLs may affect future distribution patterns and ecological performance in ants. Additionally, we identify the greatest remaining gaps in knowledge and create a research roadmap to promote rapid advances in this field of study.
Real‐world efficacy of treatment with benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab and reslizumab for severe asthma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Charles David , Shanley Jemma , Temple Sasha‐Nicole , Rattu Anna , Khaleva Ekaterina , Roberts Graham 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSevere asthma is a major cause of morbidity. Some patients may benefit from biological therapies. Most evaluations of these treatments are derived from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but few patients are eligible for these trials. Studies involving more diverse groups of participants exist, but there is a lack of precise pooled estimates.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to evaluate the real‐world efficacy of recently and nearly licensed biological therapies for severe asthma to assess the generalizability of the RCT data.MethodsClinical outcomes including exacerbation rate, oral corticosteroid usage, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were examined. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist tool. The certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE).ResultsA total of 21 studies examining biologicals in real‐world settings were identified; they mostly focused on benralizumab and mepolizumab. The introduction of biologicals reduced the annualized exacerbation rate significantly by −3.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] −4.53, −3.04), −3.17 (95% CI −3.74, −2.59) and −6.72 (95% CI −8.47, −4.97) with benralizumab, mepolizumab and reslizumab, respectively. Likewise, improvements were observed in FEV1 (0.17 L 95% CI 0.11, 0.24) and FeNO (−14.23 ppb 95% CI −19.71, −8.75) following the treatment with mepolizumab. After treatment with benralizumab, there was an increase in FEV1 (0.21 L 95% CI 0.08, 0.34).ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that anti‐IL5 biologicals may improve the clinical outcomes of patients with severe asthma in a clinic environment with similar effect sizes to RCTs. The data were mainly retrospective and unadjusted, so estimated effect sizes may not be reliable. More data are needed to acquire accurate effect estimates in different subpopulations of patients.
Bone‐density testing interval and transition to osteoporosis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients on TSH suppression therapy
Authors: Park Hyunju , Park Jun , Yoo Heejin , Kim Seonwoo , Koh Jang Hyun , Jee Jae Hwan , Min Yong‐Ki , Chung Jae Hoon , Kim Tae Hyuk , Kang Mira , Kim Sun Wook 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThyrotropin (TSH) suppression therapy is a standard treatment after surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). It may be associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, there are no guidelines for bone mineral density (BMD) testing intervals to screen for osteoporosis in these patients. Therefore, we evaluated the timing of repeated BMD testing in DTC patients with TSH suppression according to baseline T‐scores.Design, Patients, and MeasurementWe retrospectively evaluated 658 DTC patients who underwent BMD testing more than twice between January 2007 and January 2020. A 1:3 propensity score matching was conducted to compare the timing of repeated BMD tests between the DTC and non‐DTC groups. We stratified the participants into four groups based on their baseline T‐scores: normal (−1.00 or higher), mild osteopenia (−1.01 to −1.49), moderate osteopenia (−1.50 to −1.99), and severe osteopenia (−2.00 to −2.49). Additionally, the 10% of patients in each group that transitioned to osteoporosis were analysed.ResultsThe estimated BMD testing interval for 10% of patients who developed osteoporosis was 85 months for patients with initially mild osteopenia, 65 months for those with moderate osteopenia, and 15 months for those with severe osteopenia in the DTC group. In the non‐DTC group, the testing intervals for mild, moderate, and severe osteopenia were 98, 57, and 13 months, respectively. On multivariate analysis, baseline T‐score (mild osteopenia: hazard ratio [HR] 5.91, p = .105; moderate osteopenia: HR, 25.27, p = .02; and severe osteopenia: HR, 134.82, p < .001) and duration of TSH suppression (tertile 2: HR, 2.25, p = .005; Tertile 3: 1.78, p = .033) were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in the DTC group.ConclusionThis study provides guidance for the timing of repeated BMD tests in women over 50 years of age with TSH suppression. The rescreening interval for BMD testing can be modified based on the baseline T‐score. The appropriate BMD testing intervals in female DTC patients were similar to those in non‐DTC females.
Electro‐acupuncture and its combination with adult stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury treatment: A summary of current laboratory findings and a review of literature
Authors: Zeng Yuan‐Shan , Ding Ying , Xu Hao‐Yu , Zeng Xiang , Lai Bi‐Qin , Li Ge , Ma Yuan‐Huan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe incidence and disability rate of spinal cord injury (SCI) worldwide are high, imposing a heavy burden on patients. Considerable research efforts have been directed toward identifying new strategies to effectively treat SCI. Governor Vessel electro‐acupuncture (GV‐EA), used in traditional Chinese medicine, combines acupuncture with modern electrical stimulation. It has been shown to improve the microenvironment of injured spinal cord (SC) by increasing levels of endogenous neurotrophic factors and reducing inflammation, thereby protecting injured neurons and promoting myelination. In addition, axons extending from transplanted stem cell‐derived neurons can potentially bridge the two severed ends of tissues in a transected SC to rebuild neuronal circuits and restore motor and sensory functions. However, every single treatment approach to severe SCI has proven unsatisfactory. Combining different treatments—for example, electro‐acupuncture (EA) with adult stem cell transplantation—appears to be a more promising strategy. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress over the past two decades by our team especially in the use of GV‐EA for the repair of SCI. By this strategy, we have shown that EA can stimulate the nerve endings of the meningeal branch. This would elicit the dorsal root ganglion neurons to secrete excess amounts of calcitonin gene‐related peptide centrally in the SC. The neuropeptide then activates the local cells to secrete neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3), which mediates the survival and differentiation of donor stem cells overexpressing the NT‐3 receptor, at the injury/graft site of the SC. Increased local production of NT‐3 facilitates reconstruction of host neural tissue such as nerve fiber regeneration and myelination. All this events in sequence would ultimately strengthen the cortical motor‐evoked potentials and restore the motor function of paralyzed limbs. The information presented herein provides a basis for future studies on the clinical application of GV‐EA and adult stem cell transplantation for the treatment of SCI.
Precursors of self‐regulation in infants at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Garon Nancy , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Bryson Susan E. , Smith Isabel M. , Brian Jessica , Roncadin Caroline , Vaillancourt Tracy , Armstrong Vickie L. , Sacrey Lori‐Ann R. , Roberts Wendy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch concerning temperament in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has suggested a consistent profile of low positive affect, high negative affect, and low regulation (Visser et al., 2016). One area receiving less attention is individual differences among children diagnosed with ASD. The primary objective of this study was to use a person‐centered approach to explore heterogeneity of early temperament precursors of regulation in a large sample of infants with elevated familial likelihood of ASD. Early precursors of regulation included temperament assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months whereas outcome measures were diagnosis of ASD, cognitive ability and adaptive behavior at 36 months. Participants included 176 low‐likelihood and 473 elevated‐likelihood infants, 129 of whom were diagnosed with ASD at 3 years. Results supported a three‐profile solution: a well‐regulated profile (high positive affect and high attentional focus and shifting), a low attention focus profile (higher attentional shifting compared to attentional focus), and a low attention shifting profile (higher attentional focus compared to attentional shifting). A higher proportion of children diagnosed with ASD were classified into the low attention shifting profile. Furthermore, children with the well‐regulated profile were differentiated from the other profiles by a pattern of higher social competence and lower dysregulation whereas children with the low attention focus profile were distinguished from the other profiles by higher cognitive ability at 3 years. The findings indicate that the combination of early positive affect with attention measures may provide an enhanced tool for prediction of self‐regulation and later outcomes.