bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of electrocardiographic repolarization parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Orosz A , Szabo LA , Vagvolgyi A , Magony S , Nyiraty SZ , Toth B , Pesei F , Abraham GY , Nemes A , Lengyel CS , Varkonyi T , Baczko I 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Research, Development and Innovation Office

Introduction
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial, endocrine disease associated with metabolic disturbances (e.g. hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance) and increased cardiovascular risk. Recent data strongly suggest that different QT variability parameters characterizing cardiac repolarization instability represent novel markers in proarrhythmic risk assessment.

Purpose
In the present study we investigated ECG repolarization parameters, including QT variability parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods
Fifty-five PCOS patients (age: 29±6 years) and 55 age-matched healthy volunteers (age: 29±10 years) were enrolled in the study. Five-minute 12-lead resting electrocardiograms were recorded, the ECGs were digitized and evaluated off-line using the Cardiosys-A01 system (Cardiosys-A01). The following parameters were determined: the frequency corrected QT interval (QTc) using Bazett’s, Fridericia, Framingham and the Hodges formulas; QT dispersion (QTd) and T wave peak-to-end distance (Tpeak-Tend). Among QT variability parameters we analyzed the QT variance (QTv), the QT variability index (QTVI), the short-term beat-to-beat QT and RR interval variability (STV-QT, STV-RR) based on constructed Poincaré plots and the variability ratio (VR).

Results
The RR interval did not differ significantly in PCOS patients compared to controls (821±129 ms vs. 847±99 ms), however the QT interval (373±30 ms vs. 391±27 ms, p&lt;0.01), the QTc calculated with Bazett’s, Framingham, Fridericia and Hodges correction formulas (QTc Bazett’s: 413±18 ms vs. 426±21 ms, p&lt;0.01) and the Tpeak-Tend intervals were significantly shorter (76±10 ms vs. 83±12 ms, p&lt;0.01). The QTd, QTv, and STV-RR did not differ significantly. However, the VR (0.3±0.4 vs. 0.2±0.2, p&lt;0.05), the QTVI (-0,9±0.5 vs. -1,3±0.4, p&lt;0.001), and importantly, the STV-QT were significantly higher in PCOS patients compared to controls (4.0±0.9 ms vs. 3.2±0.9 ms, p&lt;0.0001).

Conclusion
Some of the alterations in repolarization parameters and the significant increase in the short-term beat-to-beat QT interval variability and the QT variability index may indicate increased repolarization instability in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to age-matched controls, however, further studies are needed to establish the exact relation of this finding to increased arrhythmia propensity in this population.
Atrial fibrillation and coronavirus infection
Authors: Sychov OS , Talaieva TV , Gavrilenko TI , Romanova OM , Hetman TV , Stasyshena OV , Ilchyshyna O YA 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): NSC M.D Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology
Coronavirus infection (CI) needs to be specified in terms of the impact on the development of first-onset arrhythmia episodes and the worsening of the course of pre-existing arrhythmias and conduction disturbances.
The aim of our study was to examine the features of the most common and potentially dangerous arrhythmia - atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with COVID-19 infection (CI).
Research methods in this fragment of work the estimation of clinical and anamnestic characteristics of patients (pts) and a course of a disease is resulted.

Results
We studied 29 pts, including 9 men and 20 women, aged 65.7 + 1.8 years, who 3.8 + 0.6 months ago underwent CI, and were admitted to our clinic with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation ( AF): 18 pts with paroxysmal, 8 pts with persistent and three people with permanent forms of this arrhythmia. Of these, 18 (62.1%) had AF before COVID-19 (study group 1), and 11 (37.9%) pts had this arrhythmia after CI (study group 2). In pts of the 1st group after CI there was an increased duration of AF paroxysm in all 15 pts with paroxysmal and persistent forms of AF from 1.9 + 0.4 to 59.1 + 2.0 days (p (0.001). In favor of the latter is the fact that in these patients the frequency of arrhythmia paroxysms increased from 2.5 + 0.4 times a year to 53.6 + 1.9 during the same time (up to almost once a week) (p &lt;0.001). In addition, all three pts with persistent AF had a transition from "normosystolic" form of this arrhythmia to "tachysystolic" (100%, p &lt;0,05). Pts of the 1st group more often had coronary heart disease (77.8% vs. 72.7%, p &lt;0.05), a history of myocardial infarction 5.6% vs. 0%, p &lt;0.05), stroke (11.1% vs. 0%, p &lt;0.05), diabetes mellitus (22.2% vs. 0%, p &lt;0.05). Pts in group 1 were older than patients in group 2 (67.7 + 1.9 years versus 63.9 + 2.4 years) (p &lt;0.001). AF in group 1 first appeared on average 6.1 + 0.6 years before the survey, which is significantly greater than the difference in human age of 3.8 +1.9 years (p &lt;0.001) between pts of the 1st and 2nd groups. That is, AF in pts of the 2nd group of CI dishonestly accelerated its development. Finally, the 1st group of women there were 61.1%, which is more than men, which was 38.9% 1.6 times, and in the 2nd group the number of women increased significantly ( and amounted to 81.8% to 18.2% of men), and the ratio of women to men increased to 4.5 - almost three times more than in the group of pts with AF to CI (p &lt;0.001).

Conclusions
Coronavirus infection significantly worsens the course of all forms of atrial fibrillation. COVID-19 increases the likelihood of newly registered atrial fibrillation in pts without significant comorbid and age-related "load". The probability of atrial fibrillation after coronavirus infection in women is higher than in men.
Sympatho-vagal activation during obstructive respiratory events in pigs and blunted atrial arrhythmogenic effects by pharmacological IKACh-inhibition
Authors: Linz B , Hertel JN , Sattler SM , Tfelt-Hansen J , Linz D , Jespersen T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Novo nordisk foundation

Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a sympatho-vagal activation which is suspected to create a complex substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF).

Purpose
In pigs, we investigated atrial arrhythmogenic consequences of simulated obstructive respiratory events by intermittent negative upper airway pressure (INAP) application and tested antiarrhythmic properties of an atria-specific IK,ACh-inhibitor.

Methods
In spontaneously breathing pigs, obstructive respiratory events were simulated by intermittent negative upper airway pressure (INAP) applied via a pressure device connected to the intubation tube. INAP was applied for 75 seconds, every 10 minutes, three times before (vehicle) and two times following infusion of an IK,ACh-inhibitor. P-wave, PQ-duration, atrial effective refractory periods (AERP) and left ventricular hemodynamic parameters (maximum upstroke velocity, minimal downslope velocity and systole duration) were acquired before (Pre-INAP), during (INAP) and after (Post-) INAP. AF-inducibility was determined by a S1S2 atrial pacing protocol.

Results
During vehicle infusion, INAP transiently shortened AERP (Pre-INAP: 147±8ms vs. Post-INAP 105±12 ms; p=0.021) and increased AF-inducibility (Pre-INAP: 10±6% vs. Post-INAP 57±15%; p=0.018). Whereas p-wave duration remained stable, PQ-duration prolonged (Pre-INAP: 130±6ms vs. Post-INAP 142±7ms; p=0.03). Left ventricular maximum upstroke velocity increased (Pre-INAP: 1990±118 mmHg/s vs. Post-INAP 3980±704 mmHg/s; p=0.04), minimal downslope velocity decreased and systole duration shortened (Pre-INAP: 236±6 ms vs. Post-INAP 202±12 ms; p=0.04).
The IK,ACh-inhibitor increased AERP (vehicle 147±8ms vs. IK,ACh-inhibitor 171±9ms; p=0.05) and sufficiently prevented INAP-associated AERP-shortening (Pre-INAP: 171±9ms vs. Post-INAP 180±9ms; p=0.219) and PQ-duration prolongation (Pre-INAP: 116±8ms vs. Post-INAP 113±7ms; p=0.76). INAP-induced changes of left ventricular maximum upstroke/minimal downslope velocity and systole duration remained unaffected in the presence of the IK,ACh-inhibitor.

Conclusion
During obstructive respiratory events simulated by INAP in pigs, left ventricular hemodynamic changes demonstrated elevated sympathetic tone, while atrial electrophysiological parameters resemble elevated parasympathetic tone at the same time. This was associated with increased AF-susceptibility. Pharmacological IK,ACh-inhibition blunted INAP-induced impairment of atrial electrophysiology without affecting left ventricular hemodynamic changes. Hence, pharmacological IKACh-inhibition may constitute a promising treatment strategy in AF-patients with OSA.
Sex-Differences in Phenology: A Tinbergian Perspective
Authors: Williams Cory T , Chmura Helen E , Deal Cole K , Wilsterman Kathryn 
Published: May 2022

SynopsisShifts in the timing of cyclic seasonal life-history events are among the most commonly reported responses to climate change, with differences in response rates among interacting species leading to phenological mismatches. Within a species, however, males and females can also exhibit differential sensitivity to environmental cues and may, therefore, differ in their responsiveness to climate change, potentially leading to phenological mismatches between the sexes. This occurs because males differ from females in when and how energy is allocated to reproduction, resulting in marked sex-differences in life-history timing across the annual cycle. In this review, we take a Tinbergian perspective and examine sex-differences in timing of vertebrates from adaptive, ontogenetic, mechanistic, and phylogenetic viewpoints with the goal of informing and motivating more integrative research on sexually dimorphic phenologies. We argue that sexual and natural selection lead to sex-differences in life-history timing and that understanding the ecological and evolutionary drivers of these differences is critical for connecting climate-driven phenological shifts to population resilience. Ontogeny may influence how and when sex-differences in life-history timing arise because the early-life environment can profoundly affect developmental trajectory, rates of reproductive maturation, and seasonal timing. The molecular mechanisms underlying these organismal traits are relevant to identifying the diversity and genetic basis of population- and species-level responses to climate change, and promisingly, the molecular basis of phenology is becoming increasingly well-understood. However, because most studies focus on a single sex, the causes of sex-differences in phenology critical to population resilience often remain unclear. New sequencing tools and analyses informed by phylogeny may help generate hypotheses about mechanism as well as insight into the general “evolvability” of sex-differences across phylogenetic scales, especially as trait and genome resources grow. We recommend that greater attention be placed on determining sex-differences in timing mechanisms and monitoring climate change responses in both sexes, and we discuss how new tools may provide key insights into sex-differences in phenology from all four Tinbergian domains.
Invasive Bullfrogs Maintain MHC Polymorphism Including Alleles Associated with Chytrid Fungal Infection
Authors: LaFond Jacob , Martin Katherine R , Dahn Hollis , Richmond Jonathan Q , Murphy Robert W , Rollinson Njal , Savage Anna E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Maintenance of genetic diversity at adaptive loci may facilitate invasions by non-native species by allowing populations to adapt to novel environments, despite the loss of diversity at neutral loci that typically occurs during founder events. To evaluate this prediction, we compared genetic diversity at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and cytochrome b (cytb) loci from 20 populations of the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) across theinvasive and native ranges in North America and quantified the presence of the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Compared to native populations, invasive populations had significantly higher Bd prevalence and intensity, significantly higher pairwise MHC and cytb FST, and significantly lower cytb diversity, but maintained similar levels of MHC diversity. The two most common MHC alleles (LiCA_B and Rapi_33) were associated with a significant decreased risk of Bd infection, and we detected positive selection acting on four peptide binding residues. Phylogenetic analysis suggested invasive populations likely arose from a single founding population in the American Midwest with a possible subsequent invasion in the northwest. Overall, our study suggests that the maintenance of diversity at adaptive loci may contribute to invasion success and highlights the importance of quantifying diversity at functional loci to assess the evolutionary potential of invasive populations.
The Concept of Anxiety in Ontological Security Studies
Authors: Krickel-Choi Nina C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The growing literature on ontological security theory (OST) in international relations, ontological security studies (OSS), is characterized by great internal diversity. This internal pluralism is one of its greatest strengths, but it is also potentially confusing, for example, when different works using an ontological security lens arrive at contradictory conclusions without it being obvious why. In order to make sense of this diversity, this article traces two interrelated conceptual divergences related to the notion of anxiety. The first one concerns the observation that anxiety is seemingly both debilitating and an impediment to action, as well as a call to action, inspiring adaptation and change. The second divergence centers on whether ontological security is at all attainable, which is largely a matter of whether anxiety is best understood as an extraordinary and temporally limited condition or as an ever-present and normal part of life. This article argues that the divergent answers to these questions, and the problems they give rise to, are primarily the result of ambiguity with regard to the key concept of anxiety. The malleable nature of the concept of anxiety engenders deviating interpretations and applications among scholars. While awareness of these issues already goes a long way toward making sense of some of the diversity within OSS, this article further suggests ways to increase the conceptual clarity of anxiety and to address the two issues of change and attainability. Doing so increases our conceptual understanding of OST.
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide as a Negative Predictor of Adjuvant Gemcitabine Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Guenther Michael , Gil Lina , Surendran Sai Agash , Palm Melanie Alexandra , Heinemann Volker , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Mayerle Julia , Engel Jutta , Werner Jens , Boeck Stefan , Ormanns Steffen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Adjuvant gemcitabine (aGC) is one standard of care after pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resection. No biomarker for its efficacy is established. As bacteria mediate gemcitabine resistance, we analyzed whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as surrogate for bacterial colonization is prognostic in PDAC patients treated with aGC or without aGC adjuvant gemcitabine. We detected LPS in 86 tumors from 376 patients, which defined a specific microbiome as revealed by 16 s-rRNA-sequencing. In the 230 aGC patients, LPS conferred worse disease-free survival (8.3 vs 13.7 months; hazard ratio = 1.75, 95% confidence interval = 1.22 to 2.49; log-rank P = .002) and overall survival (21.7 vs 28.5 months; hazard ratio = 1.80, 95% confidence interval = 1.23 to 2.57; log-rank P = .001) but not in the 146 naGC patients, which was confirmed in an independent validation cohort (n = 178). LPS may serve as a negative predictor for aGC efficacy in PDAC, which suggests a role for microbiome modification to overcome bacteria-mediated chemotherapy resistance.
Introduction
Authors: Walker Michael L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The book opens with a personal account from arrest to confinement in a Golden County jail. It is designed to (a) introduce the issue of mental health in American jails, (b) situate American jails within the broader institution of punishment, (c) describe organic ethnography as a methodology, (d) describe the book’s aim, and (e) orient the reader to the author’s writing style. American jails constitute a unique punishment experience worthy of investigation in its own right and yet, a study of social life in the Golden County jail system can illuminate how people respond to uncertainty and vulnerability, how perceptions of time change in response to uncertainty, and how the features of organizational living lead to the development of specific cultural habits and technologies. The author defines and describes what is meant by “organic ethnography” and how that methodology figured into the gathering, analysis, and presentation of data for this book.
The Insurmountable Darkness of Love
Authors: Christie Douglas E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The primary aim of this book is to reconsider the meaning of darkness within contemplative spiritual practice. The book examines how a sustained, critical attention to apophatic spiritual traditions can help us respond to the gaps, silences and empty places that have become such a prominent feature of contemporary experience. Contemplative practice rooted in darkness reflects a deep respect for the unsayable, but also comes to expression in a rich and varied poetry of darkness that limns loss and absence with great delicacy and grace and courage. This book considers how critical retrieval of this poetry—especially that arising from ancient Christian traditions of the via negativa—can help us engage and respond to our own experiences of loss and absence. And how our experience of contemplative spiritual practice can be revitalized by attending more carefully to the darkness that so often surrounds and courses through it. Not only as part of personal practice but also as part of the shared work of recovering and deepening what the Christian mystical tradition often refers to simply as “the common life.” Or what the fourteenth century Flemish mystic Hadewijch of Antwerp calls “the insurmountable darkness of love.”
The Inner Mountain
Authors: Christie Douglas E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the desert as locus of apophatic contemplative practice, in particular the question of what it means to face and respond to what Paul Bowles calls “the baptism of solitude.” The “Inner Mountain” refers to the remote corner of the Egyptian desert where St. Antony of Egypt, one of the key early Christian monastic figures, lived. It is also a critical metaphor for exploring the question of what it means to seek spiritual meaning in silence and solitude, and how to relinquish a narrow, controlling gaze and cultivate an openness toward a more capacious vision that enables one to behold the other in love. The chapter considers what it means to enter the desert, and what it means to cultivate contemplative awareness—amid loss and loneliness—in silence, stillness, and darkness.
Introduction
Authors: Waters Matt 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The study of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, and its founder Cyrus the Great, has until recently been dominated by the portrayals preserved in Greek, Roman, and biblical sources. Advances in modern understanding of ancient Near Eastern languages (from their initial rediscovery in the nineteenth century and continued work in progress), many written in cuneiform scripts, have led to significant advances, especially in the last generation of modern scholarship. The historical period c. 650–550 bce, from the denouement of the Elamite kingdoms and the Assyrian Empire to the rise of Cyrus the Great, still remains a dark age in many ways, especially as regards Cyrus’ predecessors as kings of Anshan in Fars. It is clear nonetheless that the Achaemenids’ predecessors in Assyria, Babylonia, and Elam left a significant imprint on Cyrus and his family.
On the March
Authors: Waters Matt 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cyrus the Great’s first major conquest involved that of the Medes in northern Iran. The question of whether the “Median Empire,” as described in Greek sources, ever existed as a centralized, bureaucratic state continues to be debated. When contemporaneous Assyrian and Babylonian evidence is compared to the later Greek evidence, it seems unlikely. Nonetheless, the Medes were a formidable power, and Cyrus’ victory not only made the Persians the dominant power in Iran but also paved the way for his subsequent campaigns. Cyrus’ subsequent conquest of the Lydian kingdom in the 540s stretched his empire throughout Anatolia, including several Greek city-states on the western coast, and brought the wealth and resources of Croesus’ Sardis under Persian control. As recorded in the Greek and Babylonian traditions, Cyrus’ victories were heralded by several dreams and portents, which reinforced the idea of divine favor associated with him.
George Berkeley and Romanticism
Authors: Townsend Chris 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
George Berkeley’s mainstream legacy amongst critics and philosophers, from Samuel Johnson to Bertrand Russell, has tended to focus on his claim that the objects of our perception are in fact nothing more than our ideas. Yet there’s more to Berkeley than idealism alone, and the poets we now group under the label ‘Romanticism’ took up Berkeley’s ideas in especially strange and surprising ways. As this book shows, the poets Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Shelley focused less on Berkeley’s arguments for idealism than they did on his larger, empirically derived claim that nature constitutes a kind of linguistic system. It is through that ‘ghostly language’ that we might come to know ourselves, each other, and even God. This book is a reappraisal of the role that Berkeley’s ideas played in Romanticism, and it pursues his spiritualized philosophy across a range of key Romantic-period poems. But it is also a rereading of Berkeley himself, as a thinker who was deeply concerned with language and with written—even literary—style. In that sense it offers an incisive case study into the reception of philosophical ideas into the workings of poetry, and of the role of poetics within the history of ideas more broadly.
How to Fund a Revolution
Authors: Adams R. J. C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the National Loan, a war bond that was sold in Ireland to supporters of the republican government known as Dáil Éireann. It places the National Loan in the context of previous popular political fundraising campaigns in Ireland, such as Daniel O’Connell’s Catholic Rent and Repeal Rent, the fundraising efforts of John Redmond’s Irish Parliamentary Party via the United Irish League, of the Ulster Volunteers, the Irish National Aid Association and Volunteers’ Dependents Fund, and the Anti-Conscription Fund. It shows how a drop in domestic funding presaged the Irish Parliamentary Party’s defeat in the 1918 general election. It also places the Dáil’s fundraising efforts alongside those of its contemporary self-proclaimed nation states in Lithuania, Georgia, and West Ukraine.