bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VITREORETINAL INVOLVEMENT BY INDOLENT T-CELL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DIAGNOSED BY FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION
Authors: Salman Ali R. , Ferenchak Kevin , Olsen Timothy W. , Smith Wendy M. , Ketterling Rhett P. , McPhail Ellen D. , Salomao Diva R. , Dalvin Lauren A. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe an exceedingly rare presentation of secondary vitreoretinal involvement by the uncommon entity “indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract” and illustrate the utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosis.

Methods:
This is a case report.

Results:
A 57-year-old woman with presumed iritis on chronic topical prednisolone acetate presented with increased vitreous opacities in the right eye. She had a history of biopsy-confirmed indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract involving the stomach and duodenum, JAK2-rearrangement positive, controlled on maintenance oral methotrexate. Vitreous biopsy was unremarkable with small CD3-positive and CD4-positive and CD20-negative lymphocytes, along with histiocytes and fibroblasts. Immunostains showed CD4 positivity, and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a JAK2 gene rearrangement, consistent with the patient's previously diagnosed indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Intravitreal methotrexate injections were started in the right eye. MRI of the brain and lumbar puncture with cytology, MYD88, IL10, and flow cytometry performed at the time of right eye vitreoretinal lymphoma diagnosis revealed no evidence of central nervous system lymphoma, but subsequent bone marrow biopsy demonstrated 5% involvement by indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, JAK2-rearrangement positive, with a lung nodule on PET computed tomography. She returned 4 months later with fatigue, night sweats, and blurry vision in the left eye with vitreous and anterior chamber cellular infiltration and retinal vasculitis.

Conclusion:
T-cell vitreoretinal lymphoma is rare, and diagnosis can be challenging. Despite inconclusive cytology in this case, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization detected a JAK2 gene rearrangement, which confirmed the involvement by indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and prompted appropriate treatment and workup for recurrent systemic or central nervous system lymphoma.
Fungal Translocation Marker in People Living with HIV Needing Treatment for Onychomycosis: A Protocol for the Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Chen Yaling , Ouyang Jing , Isnard Stéphane , Costiniuk Cecilia T. , Yan Jiangyu , Zhou Xin , Routy Jean-Pierre , Chen Yaokai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Increased microbial translocation and chronic immune activation are two critical problems for people living with HIV (PLWH) in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. Compared with numerous studies on bacterial microbiomic communities, there are only a limited number of studies focusing on fungal microbiomic composition and products in PLWH. This study protocol is used to evaluate the changes in bacterial and fungal microbiome populations induced by terbinafine treatment, which is an antifungal agent widely used amongst PLWH. Twenty-two PLWH on a stable ART regimen for more than six months, who require treatment for onychomycosis, will be recruited. The participants will be followed-up for a 12-week treatment period (oral terbinafine 250 mg daily) and another 12-weeks of terbinafine discontinuation. Plasma and fecal samples will be collected before and after terbinafine treatment, and for 12weeks after the discontinuation of terbinafine. Plasma gut injury and microbial translocation biomarker assays, in addition to testing for gut microbiome composition, will be undertaken. With this pilot study, we will perform formal sample size calculations and test study feasibility for a possible full-scale study.
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio predicts early outcomes in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: a multicenter analysis
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishimura Takashi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Tanaka Takaaki , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Naganuma Atsushi , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Joko Kouji , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi ,   On behalf of the Real-life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group and the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Experts from 48 clinics in Japan (HCC 48) Group
Published: February 2022

Objective:
To investigate whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can predict outcomes in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev).

Methods:
A total of 249 patients with unresectable HCC treated with Atez/Bev were included. We analyzed survival and discontinuation of this therapy in this cohort.

Results:
Cumulative overall survival at 2, 4, 6, and 8 months was 97.6%, 94.9%, 88.9%, and 82.8%, respectively. Cumulative overall survival differed significantly between patients with low (<3.0) versus high (≥3.0) NLR (P = 0.001). Conversely, cumulative progression-free survival did not differ between patients with low versus high NLR. The distribution of response was 1.5% for complete response, 17.1% for partial response, 60.5% for stable disease, and 21.0% for progressive disease. Responses were not different between patients with low and high NLR. Regarding adverse events, immune-related liver injury of any grade and grade of at least 3, decreased appetite of any grade, grade of at least 3 proteinuria, and other adverse events of any grade differed significantly between patients with low and high NLR. There were 56, 18, and 2 patients who discontinued Atez/Bev therapy due to progression of disease, adverse event, and other reasons, respectively. The cumulative discontinuation rate for Atez/Bev therapy due to adverse events differed significantly between patients with low versus high NLR (P = 0.022). Cox proportional hazards modeling analysis with inverse probability weighting showed that NLR of at least 3.0 was significantly associated with overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.369; 95% confidence interval, 1.024–11.080).

Conclusions:
NLR can predict outcomes in patients with unresectable HCC treated with Atez/Bev.
Differences between Bilateral Costal Cartilage in Patients with Microtia: A Retrospective Study Using Three-Dimensional Imaging
Authors: Sun Hefeng , Huang Qinghua , Dong Weiwei , Yang Qinghua 
Published: February 2022

Summary:
Costal cartilage is the ideal medium for auricular framework fabrication in auricular reconstruction surgery. Well-developed cartilage is closely associated with surgical outcomes; however, which costal cartilage is better developed and more suitable for framework fabrication is controversial. This study aimed to examine the laterality differences in costal cartilage development in pediatric patients who have undergone auricular reconstruction surgery for microtia. Preoperative thoracic computed tomography data of 101 microtia patients (age range, 6 to 10 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Computer software was used to create three-dimensional costal cartilage images. The length and volume of the costal cartilage of the sixth, seventh, and eighth ribs were measured from these images. Results indicate that the cartilage of the sixth rib on the left side was significantly longer and had a greater volume than that on the right side. Further, the cartilage of the seventh rib on the left side was significantly longer than that on the right side; however, there was no significant difference in volume. No significant differences were found between the cartilage of the eighth rib on the right and left sides. In general, the costal cartilage of ribs on the left side of the thorax was more developed than that on the right. These results may help clinicians in selecting appropriate donor sites before auricular reconstruction surgery in microtia patients.
Intraoperative adjustment of radiographic standard projections of the spine: Interrater- and intrarater variance and consequences of ‘fluoro-hunting’ considering time and radiation exposure – A cadaveric study
Authors: Mandelka Eric , Barbari Jan El , Kausch Lisa , Privalov Maxim , Grützner Paul Alfred , Vetter Sven Y. , Franke Jochen 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundFor the acquisition of intraoperative fluoroscopic images, standard projections have to be manually adjusted. This process resembles a trial-and-error process and is therefore time-consuming and leads to increased radiation exposure for both patient and staff. In addition, the standard projections adjusted are subject to intra- and interindividual variance. However, to date, only very limited data exist in the literature quantifying the time and radiation exposure caused by the process of manually setting standard projections as well as the intra- and interindividual variance for the manual adjustment of standard projections.Material and MethodsA.p. and lateral standard projections of the vertebral bodies of two fresh-frozen specimen were manually adjusted by two examiners with a different level of experience using a mobile C-arm. The time needed for manual adjustment as well as the number of X-ray shots acquired and the radiation dose caused during this process were documented. Intra- and interindividual variance of the central beam, the orbital rotation and angulation of the C-arm was analyzed.ResultsThe median time needed was 75.9s, with no significant difference between the examiners (p=0.13). 7.1 x-ray images were acquired in average to reach subjective satisfaction with the standard projection with significantly more x-ray shots for the lateral standard (p=0.04) and for the examiner with less experience (p<0.001). Accordingly, the dose caused was more than 50% higher than for the experienced examiner (p=0.01). Mean interindividual variance of the central beam was 7.6° while the intraindividual variance was 4.2°.ConclusionIn summary, this study investigated the interrater and intrarater variance for standard manual level setting in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Additionally, we were able to quantify the time and number of radiographs required for this procedure for different levels of experience, as well as the resulting radiation dose.
Intraocular water movement visualization using 1H-MRI with eye drops of O-17 labeled saline: a first-in-human study
Authors: Tomiyasu Moyoko , Sahara Yasuka , Mitsui Etsuko , Tsuchiya Hiroki , Maeda Takamasa , Tomoyori Nobuhiro , Kawashima Makoto , Nogawa Toshifumi , Kishimoto Riwa , Takado Yuhei , Higashi Tatsuya , Mizota Atsushi , Kudo Kohsuke , Obata Takayuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundVisualization of aqueous humor flow in the human eye is difficult because gadolinium, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, does not readily cross the blood-retinal and blood-aqueous barriers of capillaries that supply water to the eye. The proton (1H) of oxygen-17 water (H217O) has a very short transverse relaxation time (T2), and the T2-weighted (T2W) 1H-MRI signal intensity of a region with H217O is lower than that with only H216O.PurposeTo observe the distribution of H217O in the human eye, and the flow into and out of the anterior chamber of H217O, using dynamic T2W 1H-MRI.Materials and MethodsSeven ophthalmologically normal adult volunteers under 40 years old participated in this study. During dynamic imaging, the subject self-administered 10 mol% H217O saline (0.92–1.37 mL) to their right eye for 1 min. Time-series images were created by subtracting the image before the eye drops from each of the images obtained after the eye drops. The “normalized signal intensity of the right anterior chamber” (rAC) in each image was obtained by dividing the signal intensity of the right anterior chamber region-of-interest by that of the left. Changes in transverse relaxation rate and H217O concentration (PO17) were calculated from the rAC. The inflow and outflow constants of H217O in the right anterior chamber were also determined.ResultsDecreased signal intensity after the H217O eye drops was observed in the anterior and posterior chambers, but not in the vitreous body. The rAC signal intensity decreased after the eye drops, and then recovered to close to rAC(0) at 40 min. The inflow and outflow constants were 0.53 ± 0.19 and 0.055 ± 0.019 min-1, respectively, and the peak value of PO17 was 0.19 ± 0.04% (mean ± SD).ConclusionH217O saline eye drops distributed in the human anterior and posterior chambers. Further, the eye drops smoothly flowed into, and slowly out of, the anterior chamber.SummaryO-17 water dropped into human eyes as a T2-weighted MRI contrast agent was distributed in the anterior and posterior chambers, with smooth flow into, and slow outflow from, the anterior chamber.Key findingsIn seven healthy volunteers, dynamic T2-weighted 1H-MRI showed that the signal intensity in the anterior chamber decreased smoothly after H217O eye drops and then slowly recovered, reaching a value close to that observed before the eye drops, after 40 minutes, with inflow and outflow constants of H217O of 0.53 ± 0.19 min-1 and 0.055 ± 0.019 min-1, respectively. The signal changes were limited to the anterior and posterior chambers and were not observed in the vitreous body.
Time for Action: Assessment of Knowledge on Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points of Food Handlers in Standard Hotels in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Lateefat Habeeb Modupe , Henry Sawyerr Olawale , Adewoye Solomon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are two million reported cases of food poisoning in Nigeria with estimated deaths of 200,000 people from food poisoning and 20,000 deaths from exposure to food pesticides annually – children inclusive. These hotels make provision of letting room, food and refreshment services in restaurant, bars and banqueting rooms, conference/mailing rooms and leisure facilities it was expressed that, threat identified with the production of food items can be minimized to a permissible limit or eliminated through the utilization of HACCP procedure. This study assessed the knowledge of HACCP of food handlers in standard hotels in Lagos State. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design and was conducted in Lagos. All the hotels classified by the Nigeria Tourism Development Corporation (NTDC, 2001) as either three, four or five star-rated were targeted. A purposive and stratified sampling technique was used to select the study units who constituted the respondents for the study with a total of 31 hotels involved in the study. A questionnaire was used to get information on knowledge on HACCP and its implementation by 31 food handlers. Data were presented in tables. Findings from this study has revealed that under 20% of the respondents in the various hotels use HACCP has the quality control strategy, less than 50% understand the concept of HACCP. Results also revealed that there is an insignificant relationship between years of service in the food establishment and the knowledge on HACCP at P value (0.05). More results revealed that there is no significant relation between formal training and knowledge on food safety. Results also revealed that there is no significant relationship between knowledge of HACCP by food handlers and their implementation in food preparation with P-value at (0.05). This insignificant relationship between formal training and knowledge on food safety could mean that there may be other factors preventing food handlers from implementing food safety practice, this may include time, cost of carrying out the practices or even personal attitude of the food handlers during food handling. Food handlers should be taught food safety practices practically rather than theoretically.
Cervical and systemic innate immunity predictors of HIV risk linked to genital herpes acquisition and time from HSV-2 seroconversion
Authors: Govender Y. , Morrison C , Chen P , Gao X , Yamamoto H. , Chipato T. , Anderson S. , Barbieri R. , Salata R. , Doncel G. F. , Fichorova R. N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine innate immunity predictors of HIV-1 acquisition as biomarkers of HSV-2 risk and biological basis for epidemiologically established HIV-1 predisposition in HSV-2 infected women.MethodsWe analyzed longitudinal samples from HIV-1 negative visits of 1019 women before and after HSV-2 acquisition. We measured cervical and serum biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation previously linked to HIV-1 risk. Protein levels were Box–Cox transformed and odds ratios for HSV-2 acquisition were calculated based on top quartile or below/above median levels for all HSV-2 negative visits. Bivariate analysis determined the likelihood of HSV-2 acquisition by biomarker levels preceding infection. Linear mixed-effects models evaluated if biomarkers differed by HSV-2 status defined as negative, incident, or established infections with an established infection cut-off starting at 6 months.ResultsIn the cervical compartment, two biomarkers of HIV-1 risk (low SLPI and high BD-2) also predicted HSV-2 acquisition. In addition, HSV-2 acquisition was associated with IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-3α, ICAM-1 and VEGF when below median levels. Systemic immunity predictors of HSV-2 acquisition were high sCD14 and IL-6, with highest odds when concomitantly increased (OR=2.23, 1.49-3.35). Concomitant systemic and mucosal predictors of HSV-2 acquisition risk included: 1) serum top quartile sCD14 with cervical low SLPI, VEGF and ICAM-1, or high BD-2; serum high IL-6 with cervical low VEGF and ICAM-1, SLPI, IL-1β and IL-6, and 3) serum low CRP with cervical high BD-2. Most cervical biomarkers were decreased after HSV-2 acquisition compared to the HSV-2 negative visits, with incident infections associated with a larger number of suppressed cervical biomarkers and lower serum IL-6 levels compared to established infections.ConclusionsA combination of systemic immunoinflammatory and cervical immunosuppressed states predicts HSV-2 acquisition. A persistently suppressed innate immunity during incident infection may add to the increased HIV-1 susceptibility.Key MessagesA combination of altered systemic and cervical immunity precedes and predicts risk of HSV-2 acquisition.Factors causing cervical mucosal imbalance (low SLPI and high BD-2) may predispose to both HIV-1 and HSV-2 acquisitionIn comparison to non-infected, HSV-2 infected women show suppressed cervical innate immunityCompared to women with established HSV-2 infection, those with incident infections within 6 months from seroconversion are more immunosuppressed both at the mucosal and peripheral level, adding to the biology of HIV predisposition.
Sympathetic blockage attenuates fasting-induced hepatic steatosis
Authors: Zheng Lin , Gong Lijun , Lu Siyu , Zhou Yiming , Duan Zhigui , Wei Fang , Li Guolin 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackground and AimAlthough it is clear that the central nervous system coordinates whole-body metabolism, the neural mechanism for hepatic steatosis remains unclear. This study is aimed to explore the neural mechanism of fasting-induced hepatic steatosis.MethodsMice were pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine to block sympathetic nerve activity before fasting, and explored the potential effects of chemical sympathectomy on fasting-induced hepatic steatosis and transcriptional changes.ResultsProlonged fasting led to obvious hepatic steatosis, low core temperature, and similar effects to cold-induced white adipose lipolysis. The alterations in hepatic mRNA expression revealed that the hepatic lipid accumulation did not result from the increase of hepatic lipogenesis or the decrease of fatty acid oxidation but from the enhanced fatty acid uptake as indicated by the upregulation of CD36. Blockage of the sympathetic nervous system via chemical sympathectomy attenuated fasting-induced hepatic steatosis and suppressed CD36 upregulation in the liver, but did not obviously alter the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis or fatty acid oxidation.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the sympathetic nervous system orchestrates the mechanism for fasting-induced hepatic steatosis via modulating CD36 expression and adipose fat trafficking into the liver, which provides clues to reveal new targets for fatty liver diseases.HIGHLIGHTSProlonged fasting causes obvious hepatic steatosisSympathectomy attenuates fasting-induced hepatic steatosisSympathectomy attenuates steatosis via suppressing CD36 upregulationIN BRIEFProlonged fasting contributes to sympathetic hyperactivity, but its role in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis remains unclear. Here, we found prolonged fasting led to obvious hepatic steatosis, low core temperature, and subsequent sympathetic stimulation that promoted white adipose lipolysis, hepatic upregulation of CD36, and adipose fat trafficking into the liver.
Peripheral artery disease affects the legs of claudicating patients in a diffuse manner irrespective of the level of the arterial tree primarily involved
Authors: Leutzinger Todd J. , Koutakis Panagiotis , Fuglestad Matthew A. , Rahman Hafizur , Despiegelaere Holly , Hassan Mahdi , Schieber Molly , Johanning Jason M. , Stergiou Nick , Longo G. Matthew , Casale George P. , Myers Sara A. , Pipinos Iraklis I. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveDifferent levels of arterial occlusive disease (aortoiliac, femoropopliteal, multi-level disease) can produce claudication symptoms in different leg muscle groups (buttocks, thighs, calves) in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We tested the hypothesis that different levels of occlusive disease uniquely affect the muscles of PAD legs and produce distinctive patterns in the way claudicating patients walk.Methods97 PAD patients and 35 healthy controls were recruited. PAD patients were categorized to aortoiliac, femoropopliteal and multi-level disease groups using computerized tomographic angiography. Subjects performed walking trials both pain-free and during claudication and joint kinematics, kinetics, and spatiotemporal parameters were calculated to evaluate the net contribution of the calf, thigh and buttock muscles.ResultsPAD patients with different levels of arterial occlusions had different patterns of symptoms in their calves, thighs and buttocks. However, no significant biomechanical differences were found between PAD groups during the pain-free conditions with minimal differences between PAD groups in the claudicating state. All statistical differences in the pain-free condition occurred between healthy controls and one or more PAD groups. A discriminant analysis function was able to adequately predict if a subject was a control with over 70% accuracy, but the function was unable to differentiate between PAD groups.ConclusionsIn-depth gait analyses of claudicating PAD patients indicate that different levels of arterial disease produce symptoms that affect different muscle groups across the lower extremity but impact the function of the leg muscles in a diffuse manner generating similar walking impairments.