bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervention Goals for Preschoolers With Language Difficulties and Disorders: A Scoping Review Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework
Authors: Kwok Elaine , Cermak Carly A. , Hatherly Kathryn , Cunningham Barbara Jane 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The primary aim of this scoping review was to categorize language therapy goals reported in intervention studies for preschoolers (i.e., children from birth to 5;0 [years;months]) with language difficulties and disorders within the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. A secondary aim was to determine whether different therapy goals were reported for two language difficulty/disorder subtypes (i.e., comparing language difficulty/disorder associated with a biomedical condition to those without an associated biomedical condition).

Method:
The scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley (2005) guidelines. Articles were retrieved from speechBITE, with age (under 5 years), intervention area (language), and study design (all but systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines) specified as inclusion criteria. Language goals were extracted and categorized into the ICF components, and the distribution of goals across ICF components was compared for studies involving children with the two language difficulty/disorder subtypes.

Results:
A total of 287 articles were identified; 140 met inclusion criteria. Of the 293 goals extracted, 48% aligned with the activities component of the ICF framework, followed by participation (26%), environmental factors (20%), body functions and structures (3%), and personal factors (3%). Most participation-focused goals were reported from intervention studies involving preschoolers with a language difficulty/disorder associated with a biomedical condition.

Conclusions:
Few participation-focused goals were reported in intervention studies for preschoolers with language difficulty/disorder without an associated condition. Future work is needed to support integrating the ICF framework in goal setting for both research and practice.
Vocabulary Growth in Mandarin-Speaking Children With Bilateral Cochlear Implants, Bimodal Stimulation, or Unilateral Cochlear Implants During the First Year After Activation
Authors: Xu Lei , Luo Jianfen , Wang Min , Xie Dianzhao , Chao Xiuhua , Li Jinming , Liu Xianqi , He Shuman , Spencer Linda , Guo Ling-Yu 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate vocabulary development in Mandarin-speaking children with bilateral cochlear implants (CIs), bimodal stimulation (CI plus hearing aids [HAs]), or unilateral CIs during the first year after CI activation.

Method:

Participants included 23 children with simultaneous bilateral CIs, 23 children with bimodal stimulation, and 15 children with unilateral CIs. They all received CIs before 30 months of age. Parents were asked to endorse words that their child could understand only or understand and say using the
Early Vocabulary Inventory for Mandarin Chinese
at the day of CI activation and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after CI activation. Receptive and expressive vocabulary sizes were computed.

Results:
Growth curve analysis revealed that children with simultaneous bilateral CIs demonstrated faster growth of receptive vocabulary than those with bimodal stimulation, followed by those with unilateral CIs. Moreover, children with simultaneous bilateral CIs reached the 100-word mark for receptive vocabulary earlier than children with bimodal stimulation, followed by those with unilateral CIs. There were no significant differences among the three groups in expressive vocabulary.

Conclusions:
Bilateral CIs have an advantage over bimodal stimulation in early receptive vocabulary development in Mandarin, a tone language. HA usage is still recommended for those who receive one CI.
Prologue to the Forum: Speech and Language Tele-Intervention: The Future Is Now
Authors: Frizelle Pauline , McGill Megann 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

This prologue introduces the
LSHSS
Forum: Speech and Language Tele-Intervention: The Future Is Now. The aims of the forum are (a) to report on the process of moving established in-person interventions to virtual delivery and (b) to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with empirically based guidance on designing and implementing tele-interventions, in order to support academic success for school-age children with speech and language needs. The included articles explore the process, benefits, and challenges of providing intervention in speech, language, and literacy domains in a virtual environment with children.

Conclusion:
Although there are some logistical challenges, established treatments such as those targeting morphosyntax as well as communication partner training can be adapted for successful delivery online. In addition, the forum supports the delivery of an app-based articulation-focused intervention. SLPs report a number of challenges in relation to adapting and delivering interventions through telepractice, and parents express concerns in relation to SLPs' online evaluation of complex speech sound difficulties for children born with cleft lip and palate. Finally, using the principles of Minimal Intervention Needed for Change, a systematic approach to the adaptation of evidence-based interventions for online delivery, is outlined.
Near‐ground propagation in automotive radar and communication obstructed deployments: Measurements and modelling
Authors: Solomitckii Dmitrii , Semkin Vasilii , Turunen Matias , Allén Markus , Valkama Mikko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWireless communication and radars will play a crucial role for autonomous vehicles in the nearest future. However, the blockage caused by surrounding cars can degrade communication performance, while automotive radars are never aimed to operate in such conditions. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose the concept of near‐ground propagation, reducing the blockage effect in the road traffic conditions. Specifically, the radio waves may freely propagate under the blocking car's bottom if the antennas are placed as low as possible to the road. Based on the measured and modelled results presented in the paper, it may be claimed that near‐ground communication and radar sensing are feasible and may combat even heavily obstructed cases. Nevertheless, some challenges associated with antenna locations were encountered. For example, it was discovered that antenna height at 0.5 m acts less effectively against blockage than at 0.3 m. Next, the 27 dB excess loss at the 0.5 m antenna height in the radar deployment is larger than 17 dB at 0.3 m. In its turn, the higher ground clearance of the blocking vehicle positively affects the near‐ground performance. Additionally, the signal propagation at the grazing angle crucially reduces the relevant losses.
SOLIS
Authors: Bianchi E. , Ceccarelli C. , Codella C. , López-Sepulcre A. , Yamamoto S. , Balucani N. , Caselli P. , Podio L. , Neri R. , Bachiller R. , Favre C. , Fontani F. , Lefloch B. , Sakai N. , Segura-Cox D. 
Published: March 2022

Context.Deuteration is a precious tool for investigating the origin and formation routes of interstellar complex organic molecules in the different stages of the star formation process. Methyl cyanide (CH3CN) is one of the most abundant interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs); it is of particular interest because it is among the very few iCOMs detected not only around protostars but also in protoplanetary disks. However, its formation pathways are not well known and only a few measurements of its deuterated isotopologue (CH2DCN) have been made to date.Aims.We studied the line emission from CH3CN and its deuterated isotopologue CH2DCN towards the prototypical Class I object SVS13-A, where the deuteration of a large number of species has already been reported. Our goal is to measure the CH3CN deuteration in a Class I protostar, for the first time, in order to constrain the CH3CN formation pathways and the chemical evolution from the early prestellar core and Class 0 to the evolved Class I stages.Methods.We imaged CH2DCN towards SVS13-A using the IRAM NOEMA interferometer at 3mm in the context of the Large Program SOLIS (with a spatial resolution of 1″.8 × 1″.2). The NOEMA images were complemented by the CH3CN and CH2DCN spectra collected by the IRAM-30m Large Program ASAI, which provided an unbiased spectral survey at 3 mm, 2 mm, and 1.3 mm. The observed line emission was analysed using local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE large velocity gradient (LVG) approaches.Results.The NOEMA/SOLIS images of CH2DCN show that this species emits in an unresolved area centred towards the SVS13-A continuum emission peak, suggesting that methyl cyanide and its isotopologues are associated with the hot corino of SVS13-A, previously imaged via other iCOMs. In addition, we detected 41 and 11 ASAI transitions of CH3CN and CH2DCN, respectively, which cover upper level energies (Eup) from 13 to 442 K and from 18 K to 200 K. The non-LTE LVG analysis of the CH3CN lines points to a kinetic temperature of (140 ± 20) K, a gas density nH2≥ 107 cm−3, and an emitting size of ~0″.3, in agreement with the hypothesis that CH3CN lines are emitted in the SVS13-A hot corino. The derived [CH2DCN]/[CH3CN] ratio is ~9%. This value is consistent with those measured towards prestellar cores and a factor 2–3 higher than those measured in Class 0 protostars.Conclusions.Contrarily to what expected for other molecular species, the CH3CN deuteration does not show a decrease in SVS13-A with respect to measurements in younger prestellar cores and Class 0 protostars. Finally, we discuss why our new results suggest that CH3CN was likely synthesised via gas-phase reactions and frozen onto the dust grain mantles during the cold prestellar phase.
Gravity darkening and tidally perturbed stellar pulsation in the misaligned exoplanet system WASP-33
Authors: Kálmán Sz. , Bókon A. , Derekas A. , Szabó Gy. M. , Hegedűs V. , Nagy K. 
Published: March 2022

Aims. WASP-33 is one of the few δ Sct stars with a known planetary companion. By analyzing the stellar oscillations, we search for possible star-planet interactions in the pattern of the pulsation.
Methods. We made use of the Transit and Light Curve Modeller to solve the light curve from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. We include gravity darkening in our analysis.
Results. The stellar oscillation pattern of WASP-33 clearly shows signs of several tidally perturbed modes. We find that there are peaks in the frequency spectrum that are at or near the 3rd, 12th, and 25th orbital harmonics (forb ∼ 0.82 d−1). Also, there is a prominent overabundance of pulsational frequencies rightward of the orbital harmonics, a characteristic of a tidally perturbed stellar pulsation, which is an outcome of star-planet interactions in the misaligned system. There are peaks in both the δ Sct and γ Dor ranges of the Fourier spectrum, implying that WASP-33 is a γ Dor – δ Sct hybrid pulsator. The transit light curves are best fitted by a gravity-darkened stellar model, and the planet parameters are consistent with earlier determinations.
Nonequilibrium topological spin textures in momentum space
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Xiao , Nagaosa Naoto 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Optically excited systems can host unprecedented phenomena and reveal key information. The spin-channel physics in the photoexcited dynamics of quantum matter remains largely unexplored. This study finds the topological surface state under contemporary time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy an exceptionally capable platform in this regard. Spin signals exhibit interesting tornado-like spiral patterns, and the unusual topological optical activity can be indicative of spintronic applications. This exemplifies a purely nonequilibrium topological winding phenomenon, where all the hidden helicity factors in the light–matter-coupled system are robustly encoded. These results open a direction of nonequilibrium topological spin states in quantum materials.
Sacred Skin: The Religious Significance of Medieval Scars
Authors: Dickason Kathryn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile numerous studies have addressed medieval wounds, few scholars have critically examined the religious role of scars in medieval Europe. This article incorporates theological writings, hagiography (saints’ biographies), chivalric romances, and the visual arts to assess the semiotic significance of medieval scars. This article uses Roland Barthes’s notion of semanticization as an organizing principle. As Barthes has shown, the process of meaning-making is contingent upon its social context. Indeed, semanticization allows the conventionality of signs to operate. This article explores how Western medieval Christianity, with its repository of values and symbolism, enabled scars to function as signs. The religious context undergirding medieval scars allowed them to transcend from traces of accidental bodily markings to portals to rich theological significance.
Dual co-catalysts activated hematite nanorods with low turn-on potential and enhanced charge collection for efficient solar water oxidation
Authors: Maity Dipanjan , Pal Debashish , Karmakar Keshab , Rakshit Rupali , Khan Gobinda Gopal , Mandal Kalyan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoanode suffers from significant photocarrier recombination and sluggish water oxidation kinetics for photoelectrochemical water splitting. To address these challenges, this work demonstrates the construction of dual co-catalysts modified Fe2O3 nanorods photoanode by strategically incorporating CoPi and Co(OH)
x
for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. The Fe2O3/CoPi/Co(OH)
x
nanorods photoanode exhibits the lowest ever turn-on potential of 0.4 V
RHE (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) and a photocurrent density of 0.55 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V
RHE, 358% higher than that of pristine Fe2O3 nanorods. The dual co-catalysts modification enhances the light-harvesting efficiency, surface photovoltage and hole transfer kinetics of the hybrid photoanode. The dual co-catalyst coupling also increases the carrier density and significantly reduces the depletion width (1.9 nm), resulting in improved conductivity and favorable band bending, boosting photogenerated hole transfer efficiency for water oxidation.
A state-of-the-art on smart materials actuators over the last decade: control aspects for diverse applications
Authors: Do Xuan Phu , Choi Seung Bok 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A comprehensive review of smart materials actuators is presented from control aspects for various applications. The smart materials actuators considered in this work are actively being applied to diverse control systems: magnetorheological elastomer, magnetorheological fluid, piezoelectric material, shape memory alloy, magneto-strictive material, and electro-active polymer. Both classical and modern control approaches, which have been realized for diverse applications over the last 10 years, are surveyed and discussed using the tables and figures. In order to quickly visualize and compare the different control characteristics of each actuator, the table summarizes several aspects of the specific device/system, controller type, control target, control criterion, inherent property, and outcome. The total publications and appearance of these actuators in every year are shown through the figures to understand the research status and trend easily. In addition, the featured structures of control schemes are analyzed and discussed to provide future research direction for the enhancement of control performance. It is no doubt that this review analysis significantly supports full information so that researchers related to smart materials can understand and compare the salient characteristic of each actuator and hence develop a new or advanced one for a certain control application.
Three-dimensional Dirac semimetal metamaterial enabled by negative couplings
Authors: Su Zhaoxian , Gao Wenlong , Liu Bingyi , Huang Lingling , Wang Yongtian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) semimetals with fourfold degenerate Dirac points are of prominent importance in topological photonics as the parent states to Weyl nodes, line nodes, & etc. The dispersions on all the momentums’ directions are linear, which represents that the Dirac point and topologically protected helicoid surface states may exist. Here, we have demonstrated an acoustic metamaterial with Dirac points by designing the sign of coupling terms, specifically incorporating negative couplings. Tuning the coupling parameter along longitudinal direction, the transition from 3D Dirac point to Weyl points can be obtained. In realistic topological metamaterial designing, the negative coupling is realized by inserting additional off-resonant sites. The simulated band dispersion clearly shows four-band crossing point. The helicoid surface states are also proved. Our study provides a new approach of constructing 3D topological phase and shows the transition between nodal ring and Dirac point. Our results can be the theoretical basement of topological protected devices.
A quantitative comparison of amplitude versus intensity interferometry for astronomy
Authors: Bojer Manuel , Huang Zixin , Karl Sebastian , Richter Stefan , Kok Pieter , von Zanthier Joachim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Astronomical imaging can be broadly classified into two types. The first type is amplitude interferometry, which includes conventional optical telescopes and very large baseline interferometry (VLBI). The second type is intensity interferometry, which relies on Hanbury Brown and Twiss-type measurements. At optical frequencies, where direct phase measurements are impossible, amplitude interferometry has an effective numerical aperture that is limited by the distance from which photons can coherently interfere. Intensity interferometry, on the other hand, correlates only photon fluxes and can thus support much larger numerical apertures, but suffers from a reduced signal due to the low average photon number per mode in thermal light. It has hitherto not been clear which method is superior under realistic conditions. Here, we give a comparative analysis of the performance of amplitude and intensity interferometry, and we relate this to the fundamental resolution limit that can be achieved in any physical measurement. Using the benchmark problem of determining the separation between two distant thermal point sources, e.g., two adjacent stars, we give a short tutorial on optimal estimation theory and apply it to stellar interferometry. We find that for very small angular separations the large baseline achievable in intensity interferometry can more than compensate for the reduced signal strength. We also explore options for practical implementations of very large baseline intensity interferometry (VLBII).
Convex-rogue, half-kink, cusp-soliton and other bidirectional wave-solutions to the generalized Pochhammer-Chree equation
Authors: Jaradat Imad , Alquran Marwan , Qureshi Sania , Sulaiman Tukur A , Yusuf Abdullahi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The generalized Pochhammer-Chree equation is considered and studied for different orders of its nonlinearity terms The Kudryashov-expansion method is used and bidirectional kink, singular-kink, rogue-periodic, and V-shaped wave-solutions are obtained. Moreover, we modify the sine-cosine function method to accommodate the current model and obtain symmetric half-kink, convex-rogue, and cusp bidirectional waves. On the other side, a graphical analysis is conducted to identify the physical shapes of the obtained solutions to the proposed model. Finally, the polynomial function method is implemented to validate the reported solutions.
An integrated front-end vertical hall magnetic sensor fabricated in 0.18 μm low-voltage CMOS technology
Authors: Shu Zhengwu , Jiang Lei , Hu Xingxing , Xu Yue 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An integrated front-end vertical CMOS Hall magnetic sensor is proposed for the in-plane magnetic field measurement. To improve the magnetic sensitivity and to obtain low offset, a fully symmetric vertical Hall device (FSVHD) has been optimized with a minimum size design. A new four-phase spinning current modulation associated with a correlated double sampling (CDS) demodulation technique has been further applied to compensate for the offset and also to provide a linear Hall output voltage. The vertical Hall sensor chip has been manufactured in a 0.18 μm low-voltage CMOS technology and it occupies an area of 1.54 mm2. The experimental results show in the magnetic field range from –200 to 200 mT, the entire vertical Hall sensor performs with the linearity of 99.9% and the system magnetic sensitivity of 1.22 V/T and the residual offset of 60 μT. Meanwhile, it consumes 4.5 mW at a 3.3 V supply voltage. The proposed vertical Hall sensor is very suitable for the low-cost system-on-chip (SOC) implementation of 2D or 3D magnetic microsystems.
Performance enhancement of solution-processed InZnO thin-film transistors by Al doping and surface passivation
Authors: Cai Wensi , Li Haiyun , Li Mengchao , Zang Zhigang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Solution-processed oxide semiconductors have been considered as a potential alternative to vacuum-based ones in printable electronics. However, despite spin-coated InZnO (IZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) have shown a relatively high mobility, the lack of carrier suppressor and the high sensitivity to oxygen and water molecules in ambient air make them potentially suffer issues of poor stability. In this work, Al is used as the third cation doping element to study the effects on the electrical, optoelectronic, and physical properties of IZO TFTs. A hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer called octadecyltrimethoxysilane is introduced as the surface passivation layer, aiming to reduce the effects from air and understand the importance of top surface conditions in solution-processed, ultra-thin oxide TFTs. Owing to the reduced trap states within the film and at the top surface enabled by the doping and passivation, the optimized TFTs show an increased current on/off ratio, a reduced drain current hysteresis, and a significantly enhanced bias stress stability, compared with the untreated ones. By combining with high-capacitance AlO
x
, TFTs with a low operating voltage of 1.5 V, a current on/off ratio of > 10 4 and a mobility of 4.6 cm2/(V·s) are demonstrated, suggesting the promising features for future low-cost, low-power electronics.