bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance & clinical utility of oropharyngeal versus nasopharyngeal swabs in COVID-19
Authors: Radhakrishnan Suma , Afsal E. Muhammed , Anitha P. M. , Perumbally Hafees Abdullah , Ajitha B. K. , Pulloor Niyas Kudukkil , Ali K. P. Rafeeq , Ajayan K. V. , Kanyadath Anas Mohammed , Verkoli Anvar Sadath , Sukumaran Chinchu , Nazeer Hafeefa Abdul , Sherif Mohammed , Navya V. , Nishitha N. K. , Sabir V. T. , Kottayi Shakeeber , Suchina E. K. , Thashreefa T. K. , Vaheed K. Abdul , Kulooth Fathima , Kumar V. S. Suvanish , Chandran Praseeda , Thekkedath Usha , Radhakrishnan Chandni 
Published: December 2022

Background & objectives:
The oropharyngeal (OP) and nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples are the most recommended clinical specimens for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in an individual through the quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) method. The primary objective of this study was to compare the performance of NP and OP swabs for the diagnosis of COVID-19 among 2250 concomitant samples (1125 NP + 1125 OP) using rRT-PCR test.

Methods:
This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in southern India. The study compared the specificity and efficacy of the two samples (NP & OP swabs) in 1125 individuals suspected having COVID-19 infection. The rRT-PCR values from all the samples were compared based on gender, age group and viral load. The differences between unmatched proportion and matched proportion were analysed. Agreement between the two methods was assessed using Kappa statistic. Absolute sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) for OP and NP swabs were analysed.

Results:
The study identified a fair degree of agreement between OP and NP swabs in diagnosis of COVID-19 (kappa = 0.275, P<0.001). There was also a fair degree of agreement between NP and OP swabs irrespective of gender, age or duration of symptoms. NP swabs had better sensitivity and NPV as compared to OP swabs, however, specificity and PPV were 100 per cent for both.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The present study showed that both OP and NP swabs had similar sensitivity and specificity for predicting the presence of SARS-CoV-2.
Oral HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in New Delhi, India
Authors: Vashisht Shruti , Rai Sanjay , Kant Shashi , Haldar Partha , Misra Puneet , Goswami Kiran , Reddy D.C.S. 
Published: December 2022

Background & objectives:
The overall adult prevalence of HIV in India was estimated to be 0.22 per cent in 2019. The HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM), a high-risk group for HIV, was estimated to be 4.3 per cent, which is 16 times higher than the national average. In Delhi, the estimated prevalence among MSM was 1.8 per cent. Despite free HIV testing services being made available by the National AIDS Control Programme for more than two decades, many MSM were not aware about their HIV status. Therefore, newer testing strategies are needed. Oral HIV self-testing (HIVST) has proved to be one such promising innovation. At present, there are no programme guidelines on HIVST and oral HIVST kit is not available in India. The aim of this study was to understand the perceived advantages and disadvantages of introduction of oral HIVST strategy among MSM.

Methods:
MSM who were registered with the selected non-governmental organizations working as targeted intervention sites in Delhi, India, were recruited for focus group discussions (FGDs) between January and May 2021. For the purpose of this study, MSM were defined as males who had anal/oral sex with male/hijra partner in the past one month. A total of six FGDs were conducted using a prepared FGD guide. The FGD guide included questions on problems faced during conventional HIV testing, participants’ awareness, acceptability and perceptions of oral HIVST. The data were manually coded and entered in NVivo release 1.5 and themes were identified.

Results:
A total of 67 respondents participated in the FGDs. A total of 28.4 per cent MSM were beggars at traffic lights, 12 per cent were sex workers and 11.9 per cent were bar/event dancers. Nearly half (50.7%) of the participants had undergone HIV testing less than twice in the preceding one year. None of the MSM were aware about oral HIVST. Perceived advantages of oral HIVST were ease of use, confidentiality and the non-invasive pain-free procedure. Perceived concerns included lack of post-test counselling, linkage to care, poor mental health outcomes and forced testing.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Most MSM had positive perceptions about oral HIVST. Therefore, it is likely that the introduction of oral HIVST may result in higher uptake of HIV testing among MSM.
A note on the nuclear dimension of Cuntz–Pimsner -algebras associated with minimal shift spaces
Authors: He Zhuofeng , Wei Sihan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor every minimal one-sided shift space X over a finite alphabet, left special elements are those points in X having at least two preimages under the shift operation. In this paper, we show that the Cuntz–Pimsner
$C^*$
-algebra
$\mathcal {O}_X$
has nuclear dimension
$1$
when X is minimal and the number of left special elements in X is finite. This is done by describing concretely the cover of X, which also recovers an exact sequence, discovered before by Carlsen and Eilers.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Cholera and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene among Internally Displaced Persons in Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique
Authors: Di Gennaro Francesco , Occa Edoardo , Chitnis Ketan , Guelfi Giorgia , Canini Andrea , Chuau Inusso , Cadorin Simone , Bavaro Davide F. , Ramirez Lucy , Marotta Claudia , Cotugno Sergio , Segala Francesco V. , Ghelardi Angelo , Saracino Annalisa , Periquito Isabel M. , Putoto Giovanni , Mussa Ally 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT.
In disaster situations, cholera outbreaks represent a public health emergency due to their high fatality rates and high spreading risk through camps for refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). The aim of this study is to examine water, sanitation, and hygiene attitudes and cholera knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among people living in resettlement sites in Cabo Delgado, the northernmost province of Mozambique. Between January 1 and March 31, 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted by administering a face-to-face interview to IDPs and residents in six relocation sites in Cabo Delgado Province. A total of 440 people were enrolled in the study. Overall, 77.8% (N = 342) were female, 61% (N = 268) were younger than 35 years old, and 60.5% (N = 266) reported primary school to be the highest education level. Seventy-five percent (N = 334) of participants lived with children under 5 years old. Thirty-one percent (N = 140) and 11.8% (N = 52) of the respondents reported, respectively, at least one cholera case and at least one diarrheal-related death among their family members in the previous 2 years. In multivariate analysis, being female, being younger than 35 years old, having attained a higher education level, owning a phone, or having soap at home were factors significantly associated with improved cholera KAP. In severely deconstructed social contexts, continuous education and community sensitization are crucial to achieve and maintain positive cholera prevention attitudes.
Digitalization of Creative Spaces of the Caspian Region Youth
Authors: Teterskiy Sergey V. , Izmailov Aman I. , Dakhina Elena R. , Ilyasova Svetlana V. 
Published: December 2022

The results the Google Forms survey conducted among young people living the Caspian bordering countries (Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan) revealed the main problems in the development of creative spaces for the youth self-fulfillment: lack of such places or their inaccessibility, lack of variety of the services provided, low level of their digitalization. At the same time, according to the respondents, digital spaces, which are developing especially rapidly during the pandemic, are disparate and sometimes dangerous (because of manipulations and fraud). The need of young people for systematizing and structuring creative spaces both in real and virtual environment is evident. The digital platform Discover Your Mission Through Nine Sources of Giving was developed and successfully implemented within the framework of this study. Thanks to this platform, the students of Astrakhan State University were consciously choosing and building creative spaces (in the roles of followers, creators, mentors). Creative spaces make it possible to find a useful activity according to one’s mission and connect it with the future profession or with volunteer, business, blogging activities and research work (graduation thesis or dissertation). Immersion of young people into creative spaces and the process of its digitalization (in three areas: instant messaging, using social media for professional needs, professional software) resulted in the increase of responsibility for their lives and for the development of the Caspian region in comparison with the control study group.
Digital Transformation of the Russian Historical Education
Authors: Timofeeva Elena G. , Dorofeeva Anastasiya A. 
Published: December 2022

The modern Russian education system is on the path of digital modernization, which is accompanied by a paradigm shift in the choice of models of educational institutions, approaches to the management of the educational process, modification of learning conditions, innovations within the methodological arsenal of teachers, modern digital technologies are being introduced. Digital transformation or digitalization of education, along with computerization, individualization, etc., is one of the key trends in the development of the education sector. Undoubtedly, for the successful digital transformation of the educational system Russia needs to solve many tasks, both global (logistics, upgrading professional competencies, stimulating the development of educational IT technologies, etc.) and local. Among the local, but no less significant, tasks is the search for digital learning tools that can improve the effectiveness of the educational environment. It is necessary to answer the question: how is it possible to train qualified specialists basing on digital educational tools? In this article, the authors consider the use of machine learning technology in successful educational practices, as well as highlight “digital products” tested by teachers of the Department of History of Astrakhan State University. Digital transformation of education is considered by the authors of the article in relation to the economic development of the country, The Caspian region and the Astrakhan region, which characterizes the features of the “state order” in the educational sphere.
Ազգային ինքնության կորստի վախերը և դրանց հակազդման ձևերը
Authors: Զաքարյան Սեյրան 
Published: December 2022

Հոդվածում առաջադրվել այն միտքը, որ հայության մեջ տևական ժամանակ տարբեր, հատկապես կեցության անբարենպաստ պայմանների անփոփոխության պատճառներով շեշտը դրվել է ոչ թե կառուցարկված ազգային ինքնության նորացման ու հարստացման, այլ գլխավորապես պահպանման վրա։ Նման դիրքորոշման հիմքում ընկած են ինքնութենական տարրերը կորցնելու վախերը, որոնց հակազդման ակտիվ ձևերից են զինված պայքարն ու ազատամարտը, համաշխարհային ու տարածաշրջանային շարժումներին մասնակցելը, իսկ կրավորական ձևերից են՝ ավանդապահությունը, գաղտնապահությունը, առանձնացում-մեկուսացումը և հեռացումը։ Հոդվածում դիտարկվում են հակազդման կրավորական ձևերը, որոնց հիմքում ընկած է այն դիրքրորոշումը, որ ո՛չ մի դեպքում և ո՛չ մի պայմանով չպետք է հրաժարվել ավանդվածից ու ազգային ինքնության հիմնասյուններից՝ հայրենիքից ազգից, կրոնից ու դավանանքից, պատմական անցյալից և այլն։ Կրավորական ձևերը ազգային ինքնության պահպանման հուսալի մեխանիզմներ էին հատկապես միջնադարում, երբ համատարած գերակշռում էր ավանդական մտածելակերպը և ազգությունը նույնավում էր կրոնի և դավանանքի հետ։ Սակայն տևական ժամանակ ինքնությունը միայն դրանցով պահպանելու ռազմավարությունը դրականի հետ միասին ունեցել է (և ունի) իր բացասական հետևանքները։ Նախ, ավանդապաշտությունը, հատկապես դրա արմատական թևը, մերժում է նորամուծությունները, և դրանով իսկ խոչընդոտում են ինքնության հարստացմանն ու արդիականացմանը։ Երկրորդ, առանձնացման դիրքրորոշումն ենթադրում է մտածելակերպի ու գործելակերպի փոփոխություն, սեփական կյանքի կազմակերպման հիմքերի ու սկզբունքների՝ հզորանալու քաղաքական տեսլականի, ազգային կրթության ու դաստիարակության համակարգի, մշակութային արժեքների պահպանման ձևերի մշակում: Սակայն ինքնատարբերակվելով ու առանձնանալով արտաքին աշխարհից, հայերը հաճախ առաջնորդվել ենք առավելապես գոյատևման կենսափիլիսոփայությամբ և տարբերակվելու նախնական քայլերից այն կողմ չեն անցել, չեն մշակել առանձնացվածի ամբողջական կենսափիլիսոփայություն ու գաղափարախոսություն: Իսկ զարգանալու ու հզորանալու և ժամանակի ոգուն համահունչ գործելու ստուգված ճանապարհը ավանդույթի վերարժևորման, ավանդականի և նորարականի, սեփականի ու օտարի խելամիտ ու ինքնատիպ համադրումն է, ավանդականի վրա հիմնված ինքնության քաղաքակրթական նոր շերտի կառուցումը։
Association of causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes with the clinical profile in the population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Authors: Khurshid Akif , Parveen Zahida , Jan Muddasir Mehmood , Assad Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe current study is designed to assess the various risk factors, prevalence, and clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes (among aged Pakistanis) and gestational diabetes (in pregnant women).Material and methodsThe statistical analysis of a cross-sectional survey included the data of 1479 adults, aged 18–75 years, living in urban and rural areas. Blood glucose was measured by an automatic clinical chemistry analyser. Diabetes was confirmed via an glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) report from each patient’s file admitted in medical and surgical wards. Blood pressures were measured and recorded, and the medical history and prior illness data were collected by interviewing the patients and cross checked with their individual daily progress report.ResultsThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in different age groups in urban and rural areas was 5.3%, among which 9.8% was found to be previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and 7% was newly diagnosed type II diabetes, whereas the percentage of gestational diabetes was 1.36% of the total ratio (5.3%). Type 2 diabetes mellitus affected more women than men, which increased with age. Central obesity and hypertension were highly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus occurrence. The prevalence of previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus with overweight or obesity was 68.4%, with central obesity 32.3%, and with hypertension 56.5%. A significant association (p = 0.005) was found between obesity, as a risk factor, gestational diabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsThese results show that diabetes has reached high proportions, and comprehensive strategies are needed for the prevention and control of the problem of type II diabetes.
Constraints on fracture distribution in the Los Humeros geothermal field from beamforming of ambient seismic noise
Authors: Kennedy Heather , Löer Katrin , Gilligan Amy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Faults and fractures are crucial parameters for geothermal systems as they provide secondary permeability allowing fluids to circulate and heat up in the subsurface. In this study, we use an ambient seismic noise technique referred to as three-component (3C) beamforming to detect and characterize faults and fractures at a geothermal field in Mexico. We perform 3C beamforming on ambient noise data collected at the Los Humeros Geothermal Field (LHGF) in Mexico. The LHGF is situated in a complicated geological area, part of a volcanic complex with an active tectonic fault system. Although the LHGF has been exploited for geothermal resources for over 3 decades, the field has yet to be explored at depths greater than 3 km. Consequently, it is currently unknown how deep faults and fractures permeate, and the LHGF has yet to be exploited to its full capacity. Three-component beamforming extracts the polarizations, azimuths and phase velocities of coherent waves as a function of frequency, providing a detailed characterization of the seismic wavefield. In this study, 3C beamforming of ambient seismic noise is used to determine surface wave velocities as a function of depth and propagation direction. Anisotropic velocities are assumed to relate to the presence of faults giving an indication of the maximum depth of permeability, a vital parameter for fluid circulation and heat flow throughout a geothermal field. Three-component beamforming was used to determine if the complex surface fracture system permeates deeper than is currently known. Our results show that anisotropy of seismic velocities does not decline significantly with depth, suggesting that faults and fractures, and hence permeability, persist below 3 km. Moreover, estimates of fast and slow directions, with respect to surface wave velocities, are used to determine the orientation of faults with depth. The north-east (NE) and north–north-west (NNW) orientation of the fast direction corresponds to the orientation of the Arroyo Grande and Maxtaloya–Los Humeros Fault swarms, respectively. NE and NNW orientations of anisotropy align with other major faults within the LHGF at depths permeating to 6 km.
DOMESTICATION DU PROTOCOLE DE MAPUTO EN MILIEU URBAIN : PORTRAIT DES ATTITUDES DES FILLES ET FEMMES DE LA ZONE DE SANTE DE KARISIMBI ENVERS L’AVORTEMENT
Authors: Eric  Kankunda  , Katundi Kubuya 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Partout dans le monde, les grossesses non désirées sont courantes et plus de la moitié de ces grossesses se terminent par un avortement provoqué, l’interruption volontaire de grossesse. Si l’avortement est plus courant dans certains pays que dans d’autres, il n’existe aucunpays où il ne se produit pas.
Méthodologie
L’étude a été empirique, de nature transversale et analytique sur base de l’objectif adopté ad hoc, à partir duquel nous avons collecté́ les données et procédé́ à la mise en évidence de la perception et des attitudes des filles et femmes envers l’avortement. Le recrutement des participantes s’est effectué dans la Zone de santé de Karisimbi, à Goma au Nord-Kivu en République Démocratique du Congo. Étaient incluses à l’étude, toutes les filles et femmes en âge de procréer (15 à 49 ans) qui acceptaient de participer à l’enquête. Un questionnaire a été élaboré et comprenait deux principales parties Les données étaient saisies et analysées avec le logiciel SPSS (Statistical Package Social Sciences) version 26. Les variables qualitatives étaient exprimées sous formes des fréquences et de pourcentages. Par contre, les variables quantitatives sous formes des moyennes et des écarts type. La force d’association a été estimée par Odds ratio et l’intervalle de confiance à 95 %. Le niveau de signification statistique a été fixé à une valeur p < 0, 05.
Résultats
Les résultats suggèrent que les pilules et les méthodes contraceptives sont plus pratiquées par les participantes à l’étude. Les opinions de se faire avorter résident en majorité sur le cas d’incident de viol. Plus de la moitié des filles et femmes ayant participé à l’enquête, considèrent l’avortement comme un phénomène de la honte au sein de la communauté.
Conclusion
Les fausses idées sur l’avortement empêchent les filles et les femmes à l’accès équitable aux soins de qualité ainsi que de jouir un plein épanouissement de ses droits à la santé reproductive. Il y a donc, la nécessité d’intervention de multi-acteurs pour la promotion efficace du protocole de Maputo dans un contexte de sécurité fragile.
Delad läsekrets och dubbelt seende
Authors: Pankenier Weld Sara 
Published: December 2022

Divided Audience and Double Vision. The Aesopian Depths of Osip Mandelstam’s Two Tramcars
Though a belief that children’s literature served only as a form of reluctant outlet for writers in the early Soviet period has predetermined a view of these books as mere byproducts of authorial necessity and restrictive censorship, this article argues that such books represent no mere refuge, but rather serve as a site for sophisticated subterfuge. Drawing on Lev Losev’s work On the Beneficence of Censorship, the author claims that children’s literature offered an alternative expressive outlet which Russian writers could use to encode their messages. To illustrate this point, this article exposes what sophisticated Aesopian levels coexist in a little-known artifact of this period – the renowned poet Osip Mandelstam’s picturebook Два Трамвая. Клик и Трам (Two Tramcars. Klik and Tram) (1925). Addressing multiple audiences at once, including censor, child, and adult, this book reveals ambivalence, fissures, and ruptures in its tone, which hint at its Aesopian depths and reveal a more tragic trajectory, one that the political environment and censorship precluded from being openly expressed. Ultimately, this article claims that, through its use of Aesopian language, this unique picturebook offers contextual, intertextual, and subtextual depths that tremendously enrich its system of signification and add adult sophistication beneath the apparently simple surface of a picturebook for children. Thus, the author and adult reader trained to read an Aesopian text accomplish their own communication around darker political and psychological themes as they shelter behind a falsified construction of the child.
IMPLEMENTASI AUTHENTIC ASESSMENT PADA PENDIDIKAN VOKASI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA
Authors: Efendi Raimon 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi masih minimnya kompetensi yang dimiliki pendidik dalam menerapkan penilaian yang efektif dan bermakna serta sesuai dengan kurikulum pendidikan tinggi berbasis kompetensi di abad 21. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pemahaman dosen tentang authentic asessmen, Implementasi dan kesesuaian authentic asessment dalam pembelajaran jaringan komputer, Persepsi dosen dan mahasiswa dalam melaksanakan authentic asessmen, dan kendala dosen dalam mengimplementasikan penilaian autentik dalam pembelajaran jaringan komputer di program studi teknik informatika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan populasi subjek 6 orang dosen prodi teknik informatika dan 34 mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah jaringan komputer. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, wawancara, dan telaah dokumen. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa; Pengetahuan dan kompetensi dosen cukup memadai untuk membuat penilaian otentik sesuai dengan standar penilaian otentik. Dosen sudah mampu menyusun perangkat penilaian otentik, dan mampu menngunakan media penilaian otentik berbasis web. Persepsi dosen dan mahasiswa terhadap authentic asessment dalam hal perencanaan, implementasi teknik dan instrumen dalam menilai ketiga aspek pembelajran masuk dalam kategori baik. Keterbatasan waktu, jumlah komponen/kriteria, kurangnya motivasi mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran yang inovatif masih menjadi kendala dalam pelaksanaan penilaian. Secara keseluruhan penilaian authentic telah diterapkan dengan baik sebagai sebuah inovasi penilaian di pendidikan abad 21.