bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI for rectal cancer: correlation of diffusion and perfusion characteristics with clinical-pathologic factors
Authors: Zhou Bijing , Zhou Yiming , Tang Yibo , Bao Yun , Zou Liping , Yao Zhenwei , Feng Xiaoyuan 
Published: May 2022

Background Colorectal cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a promising alternative method for staging the cancer. Purpose To evaluate parameters of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and their relationships with clinical-pathologic factors in rectal cancers. Material and Methods A total of 51 patients with histopathologically proven rectal cancer who underwent preoperative pelvic MRI were prospectively enrolled. Parameters (ADC, D, D*, and f) derived from IVIM–diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were independently measured by two radiologists. Student’s t-test, receiver operating characteristic curves, and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results ADC, D, and D* were significantly higher in pT1–2 tumors than in pT3–4 tumors (1.108 ± 0.233 vs. 0.950 ± 0.176, 0.796 ± 0.199 vs. 0.684 ± 0.114, 0.013 ± 0.005 vs. 0.008 ± 0.003, respectively; P < 0.05). D* exhibited a strong correlation with the tumor stage ( r = −0.675, P < 0.001). In poorly differentiated cluster (PDC) grading, ADC, D*, and f were significantly lower in high-grade tumors than in low-grade tumors (0.905 ± 0.148 vs. 1.064 ± 0.200, 0.008 ± 0.002 vs. 0.011 ± 0.005, and 0.252 ± 0.032 vs. 0.348 ± 0.058, respectively; P < 0.05). The f value exhibited a significantly strong correlation with the PDC grades ( r = −0.842, P < 0.001), and higher sensitivity and specificity (95.2% and 75.9%) than those shown by the ADC, D, and D* values. Conclusion IVIM parameters, especially f, demonstrated a strong correlation with histologic grades and showed a better performance in differentiating between high- and low-grade rectal cancers. These parameters would be helpful in predicting tumor aggressiveness and prognosis.
Research on optimization method of process parameters for SiC components robotic bonnet polishing
Authors: Huang Xuepeng , Wang Zhenzhong , Shen Bingyi , Lei Pengli , Fu Zhenfeng 
Published: May 2022

Silicon carbide (SiC) materials are widely used in the fields of advanced optics, such as SiC mirrors. To improve the polishing efficiency and surface quality of SiC components, reduce the cost of polishing equipment and shorten the production cycle, a robotic bonnet polishing (RBP) technology based on industrial robots was proposed. To obtain the global optimal parameters, a regression orthogonal experiment was designed by using the response surface methodology (RSM). The material removal model capturing the main process parameters was established successfully. The predicted optimal process parameters were verified by experiments. Under the optimal process parameters, the predicted material removal rate (MRR) is 0.0543 mm³/min , with an error of 9.8%. The relationship between main process parameters and surface roughness (RMS) was established by the support vector machine (SVM), and the predicted optimal value is 8.58 nm, with an error of 10.26%. Thus, the precise and controllable polishing of SiC components can be realized by RBP technology.
Sexual satisfaction and its associations with patient-reported outcomes in a cohort of women living with human immunodeficiency virus in Sweden
Authors: Carlsson-Lalloo Ewa , Berg Marie , Rusner Marie , Svedhem Veronica , Mellgren Åsa 
Published: May 2022

Background: Sexual satisfaction is an important dimension of health-related quality of life that needs to be addressed. Various factors may influence sexual satisfaction in women living with HIV (WLHIV); however, research in this area is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate patients’ self-reported sexual satisfaction and its associations with patient-reported outcomes in WLHIV in Sweden. Methods: Data was retrieved from the InfCareHIV registry for the years 2011–2016. The registry includes a self-reported validated 9-item health questionnaire to assess patient-reported outcomes, side effects and adherence. In total, 1292 WLHIV aged ≥18 years were included, corresponding to 42.8% of the female Swedish InfCareHIV cohort 2011–2016. A total of 2444 questionnaires were included in the study. The patient-reported outcomes used were satisfaction with physical health and psychological health, sexual satisfaction, and experiencing side effects from HIV-medication. Associations were tested in univariable and multivariable models. Results: The study shows that there was a significant association between sexual satisfaction and satisfaction with psychological health ( p ≤ 0.0001). There was a lower probability of reporting sexual satisfaction in women who were of an older age when they received an HIV-diagnosis ( p = 0.033), who had lived for more years with HIV ( p = 0.0004), or who had experienced side effects ( p = 0.028). Conclusions: This national register-based study identified that sexual satisfaction in WLHIV is associated with psychological health and with having experienced side-effects. Patient-reported outcomes can provide valuable information so that the care of WLHIV covers all aspects of health and supports sexual satisfaction, which is an important part of quality of life.
Viral load scale-up in south Sudan: Strategic implementation of tools to monitor HIV treatment success among people living with HIV
Authors: Chun Helen , Russell Anna , Abe Gordon , Katoro Joel , Songok Jackson , Lesuk Grace , Worku Habtamu , Ukaejiofo Onyekachi , Lodiongo Dennis , Olemukun Robert , Kenigsberg Tat’Yana , Aragaw Shambel , Deng Lul Lojok , Bunga Sudhir , Ellenberger Dennis 
Published: May 2022

Introduction As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people with HIV (PWH) in the Republic of South Sudan (RSS) increases, viral load (VL) suppression is critical to protect global HIV response investments. We describe VL scale-up between 2017–2020 in the RSS President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)-supported program. Methods President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) South Sudan developed a VL scale-up plan and tools spanning the VL cascade: pre-test, test and post-test and included assessment of clinical facility and laboratory readiness; clinical and laboratory forms and standard operating procedures for test ordering, specimen collection, processing, results return and utilization; procedures to map clients, monitor turn-around-times (TAT), and an electronic system to monitor VL performance. Results Between 2017 to 2020, VL monitoring was established in 58 facilities, with 59,600 VL samples processed, and improvements in TAT (150–28 days) and rejection rates (1.9%–0.8%). VL documentation improved for dates of ART initiation, VL test request and dispatch, and HIV regimen. Total average time from high VL to repeat VL decreased from 15.9 months to 6.4 months in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Conclusions A concerted approach to VL scale-up has been fundamental as South Sudan strives towards UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets for PWH on ART.
Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and other sexually transmitted pathogens in male urethritis in a sexual health centre in New Caledonia
Authors: Blanco Patrick , Rachline Anne , Tarantola Arnaud , Biron Antoine , Pereyre Sabine , Coutherut Julie , Patoureau Marion 
Published: May 2022

Background: The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is high in New Caledonia (NC), but there are no data on Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). However, the syndromic treatment of urethritis used in the territory includes a single dose of azithromycin, which could generate resistance in MG. Methods: We recruited 217 men referred to the Noumea public medical centre (CMP) with signs of urethritis and meeting the inclusion criteria from May 2016 to March 2018. Each was tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and for the first time in NC for MG by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The prevalence of MG was 10.1% (22/217). Azithromycin resistance of MG (mutation in the 23S rRNA gene) could only be assessed for 10 of the 22 strains. Only one (1/10; 10%) was resistant. The prevalence of other STIs tested was high, as CT, NG and/or TV were associated in 77.3% (17/22) of MG-positive cases. Conclusions: Although co-infections further justify syndromic management, the presence of MG in NC urethritis cases could call treatment guidelines into question.
Anticipated impacts of voluntary assisted dying legislation on nursing practice
Authors: Snir Jessica T , Ko Danielle N , Pratt Bridget , McDougall Rosalind 
Published: May 2022

Background: The Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017 passed into law in Victoria, Australia, on the 29 November 2017. Internationally, nurses have been shown to be intimately involved in patient care throughout the voluntary assisted dying process. However, there is a paucity of research exploring Australian nurses’ perspectives on voluntary assisted dying and, in particular, how Victorian nurses anticipate the implementation of this ethically controversial legislation will impact their professional lives. Objectives: To explore Victorian nurses’ expectations of the ethical and practical impacts the voluntary assisted dying legislation will have on their professional lives. Research design: This qualitative study analysed nurses’ free text responses collected as part of a larger mixed methods online survey investigating staff views on the Voluntary Assisted Dying Act. Data were collected during the period between the passing of the voluntary assisted dying legislation and the start date and were analysed using inductive content analysis. Participants and research context: Free text survey responses were analysed from 1873 nurses employed across seven Victorian health services located in both metropolitan and regional areas of the state. Ethical considerations: The study obtained research ethics approval and all participants were informed of the voluntary and anonymous nature of their participation. Findings: This study identified three broad areas of Victorian nurses’ professional lives that they expected to be impacted by the implementation of voluntary assisted dying: professional identity, career development and workplace relationships. Conclusion: Participants anticipate diverse and nursing-specific impacts of the implementation of voluntary assisted dying in Victoria. Their insights can inform health services in jurisdictions considering or already implementing voluntary assisted dying, to develop policies, procedures and staff training programmes that safeguard the well-being and legal rights of their nursing staff.
Ethical challenges and lack of ethical language in nurse leadership
Authors: Storaker Anne , Heggestad Anne Kari Tolo , Sæteren Berit 
Published: May 2022

Background: In accordance with ethical guidelines for nurses, leaders for nurse services in general are responsible for facilitating professional development and ethical reflection and to use ethical guidelines as a management tool. Research describes a gap between employees’ and nurse leaders’ perceptions of priorities. Objective: The purpose of this article is to gain deeper insight into how nurses as leaders in somatic hospitals describe ethical challenges. Design and method: We conducted individual, quality interview with 10 nurse leaders, nine females and one male nurse aged 34–64 years. We used a hermeneutical approach to analyse the data. Ethical considerations: The participants received oral and written information about the study. Participation in the study was voluntary, and the participants were given the opportunity to withdraw. All of them gave written consent. The Norwegian Centre for Research Data approved the research project. In addition, the head of the hospitals gave permission to conduct our study. Findings: Four main areas were identified: deficient ethical language, conflicting demands on nurse leaders regarding staff management, concerns regarding young nurses’ ethical consciousness and restricting factors on the creation of a climate of ethics. The nurse leaders experienced considerable pressure. An unexpected finding was the lack of – and even disregard for – an ethical language. Discussion and conclusion: It is crucial to recognise ethics in all types of nursing approaches and to make it explicit. Ethical language must be implemented in nursing education. It must be recognised and used in clinical practice. Recommendations: We recommend further research be conducted into how nurses understand the concept of ethics and how to incorporate ethical principles into clinical nursing and nurse leadership.
Predictors of Mortality in Neonatal Tetanus: A Retrospective Study From a Medical College in Rural North India
Authors: Ahmed Ayaz , Yadav Meetu , Dhingra Arti , Jain Rakhi , Singh Maha 
Published: May 2022

Background Studies on factors affecting mortality in neonatal tetanus (NNT) are mostly from other developing countries. Although NNT has been eliminated from India, cases are still occasionally reported from rural areas. Moreover, there is paucity of such studies from India. Hence, this study was aimed to identify risk factors affecting NNT mortality so that case fatality can be minimized especially in resource-limited settings. Methods The records of the 32 neonates diagnosed as NNT over a period of 8 years (2013-2020) were reviewed, and a statistical comparison of various variables between survivors and nonsurvivors was made. Results The overall case fatality rate in our study was 75%. Determinants of mortality in these cases were low birthweight, short incubation period, short period of onset, delay in seeking medical attention, presence of comorbidity, dose of tetanus immunoglobulin < 250 IU, and an unknown entry site of infection. Gender and place of delivery were not associated with increased mortality. Conclusion Improved maternal antenatal care (birthweight and gestation), recognition of the disease at onset of symptoms, and early hospital contact are important, in addition to optimum supportive care, to reduce NNT mortality.
Successful Management of a Case of Congenital Dislocation of Knee With Ipsilateral Developmental Dysplasia of Hip
Authors: Kumar Chandra Mohan , Munshi Sukrit , Asghar Adil , Pandey Ritesh Arvind , Chowdhry Bhabesh Kant 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Congenital dislocation of the knee (CDK) is a rare condition and includes a characteristic hyperextension deformity at the knee with varying degrees of anterior and lateral subluxation. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common disorder and presents frequently to a pediatrician. DDH with CDK is common, but hip pathology usually remains unnoticed because of more obvious deformity at the knee. Through this case, we aim to highlight the association of CDK with DDH and discuss its management. Case Presentation A preterm, 31-week baby girl, appropriate for gestational age, delivered to a primigravida mother with early antenatal oligohydramnios. At birth, the baby had an externally rotated left lower limb and the knee in hyperextension. A clinical diagnosis of CDK with ipsilateral DDH was confirmed further with a radiological evaluation of the left hip and knee. Staged correction of deformities was done starting with the knee, followed by the hip joint. By the 12th week of life, the knee and hip dislocations were corrected satisfactorily, which remained stable till the last follow-up (6 months). Conclusion CDK can present with an ipsilateral DDH, and this possibility needs attention. Newborns having congenital knee dislocation should undergo hip screening for instability by clinical methods. Ultrasound screening of the hip can be done if clinical examination is inconclusive. Such cases can be managed successfully by staged knee and hip disorder correction.
Retrieval of a Broken Umbilical Artery Catheter in a Neonate
Authors: Doodnath Reshma , Landreth-Smith Barrie , Rampersad Barbara 
Published: May 2022

Background Umbilical arterial catheterization is an extremely useful tool in the premature, sick neonate for intensive monitoring and as a source of arterial blood sampling. We describe the case of an inadvertent breakage of an umbilical artery catheter (UAC), to replace it, and the potential complications that can arise. Case Report A premature 33-week infant weighing 1.965 kg was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and had umbilical catheterization. An abdominal X-ray (AXR) was done following the procedure to confirm the position, and the UAC was found to be too low, between T11 and T12. In attempting to replace it, the UAC was transected, with the umbilical stump bleeding, and the internal tip not seen. The patient underwent laparotomy and examination under anesthesia revealed a UAC that was palpable in the right lower quadrant and fluoroscopy revealed a tip in the external iliac artery. This migrated with each subsequent palpation. Meticulous dissection revealed a catheter which was palpable in the right internal iliac artery. The bifurcation was cleared, and vascular slings applied, getting proximal and distal control. The vessel was opened, and the catheter retrieved in its 15-cm entirety. The vessel was repaired with 7/0 Prolene suture. Conclusions This case is intended to highlight that even a trivial procedure of UAC removal must be done carefully with appropriate instrumentation to prevent this complication. For retrieval of this type of vascular foreign body, an open technique can be used with the assistance of fluoroscopy. Endovascular retrieval techniques are also an option but are not available in our setting for this age group.
A blending control for broadband vibration isolation considering zero-infinite stiffness and damping
Authors: Zhou You , Tao Yeying , Zhang ZhengGuang , Li Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2022

Active vibration isolation system (AVIS) using the traditional vibration isolation technology, such as reducing suspending stiffness and adding absolute damping, has performance defects due to the residual low-frequency disturbances which still severely restrict the precision machine accuracy. This paper proposes a novel vibration control method combining inertial absolute sensor feedback (ASF) and positive relative sensor feedback (RSF), which can highly improve the low-frequency vibration isolation performance, and the blending control method is analyzed according to the vibration transmission. The results show that ASF strengthens the connection between the payload and the absolute space, while positive RSF weakens the connection between the payload and the base. By introducing ASF and positive RSF blended, the stiffness and damping between the payload and the absolute space can be increased to near infinity, while the stiffness and damping between the payload and the base can be attenuated to near zero. The blending control method includes absolute displacement feedback (ADF), positive relative displacement feedback (RDF), absolute velocity feedback (AVF), and positive relative velocity feedback (RVF). ADF combined with RDF improves the vibration isolation performance at low-frequency, while AVF combined with RVF improves the performance around the inherent frequency and high-frequency. In this way, the payload is hard to be affected by disturbances in a broad frequency region. Finally, the proposed method is verified by experiments and compared with the commonly used sky-hook damping method. It shows that the initial frequency of vibration isolation is reduced from 5.6 Hz (sky-hook damping method) to 1 Hz (the proposed method), the magnitude of vibration transmission starts with −11.1 dB (at 1 HZ), and the maximum magnitude is always below 0 dB from 1 Hz to 50 Hz.
Attitudes Toward People With Schizophrenia Among Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Chen Yi-Han , Hsiao Chiu-Yueh , Chien Hui-Wen 
Published: May 2022

Background: Negative attitudes toward mental disorders are not only an interpersonal issue but also a concern of mental health care. Given that nursing students are future health care providers, it is pivotal to improve their attitudes toward individuals with mental disorders prior to their transition into clinical practice. However, research on nursing students’ attitudes in relation to schizophrenia in Taiwan remains unexplored. Aim: The aim of this article is to examine the correlates of attitudes toward individuals with schizophrenia among Taiwanese undergraduate nursing students. Method: A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was adopted. Self-reported questionnaires were conducted with a convenience sample of 306 Taiwanese undergraduate nursing students. Descriptive statistics, independent t tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlations, and a stepwise regression analysis were performed. Results: Nursing students expressed negative attitudes toward individuals with schizophrenia. Nursing students, who were female, had contact with individuals with mental disorders, and expressed greater empathy and personality traits held more favorable attitudes toward individuals with schizophrenia. The study found that empathy, personality traits, and academic year were the most crucial attributes contributing to attitudes of nursing students toward individuals with schizophrenia. Conclusion: Findings suggest that nursing education programs with empathy- and personality-tailored modules in mental health are pivotal to provide humanistic approaches with supportive attitudes regarding schizophrenia.
Professional Quality of Life and Occupational Stress in Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece
Authors: Latsou Dimitra , Bolosi Fevronia-Maria , Androutsou Lorena , Geitona Mary 
Published: May 2022

Background: Health professionals (HPs) coping with the coronavirus pandemic are at risk of working under stressful conditions impacting their professional well-being. The aim of this paper was to explore HP’s professional quality of life and occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted (from October to December 2020) in a COVID-19 reference hospital, one of the biggest in Attica. The method of convenience sampling has been used. Data collection was carried out through an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire including, apart from HPs’ demographic and occupational characteristics, Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQoL) and Job Stress Measure. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed to physicians and nurses. One hundred eighty-six questionnaires were fully completed (response rate = 78.8%). The analysis was based on descriptive and inductive statistics, using SPSS v25. Results: Participants’ mean age was 41.5 ± 10.4 years; 75.3% were women and 62.4% was nursing staff. ProQoL analysis showed that the majority had moderate compassion satisfaction (74.2%) and burnout (78.5%), while 48.8% had moderate level of secondary post-traumatic stress. The mean value of occupational stress was estimated at 2.76, showing a moderate level of stress. HPs’ demographic and occupational characteristics seemed to affect both work stress and ProQoL ( P ⩽ .05). Occupational stress was positively correlated with both burnout ( r = 0.461, P = .001) and secondary post-traumatic stress ( r = 0.596, P = .001), indicating that an increase in health professionals’ stress at work corresponds to a simultaneous increase in ProQoL. Conclusions: HPs’ professional quality of life and occupational stress seemed to be moderate during the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece. In order to achieve an improvement in HPs’ overall professional well-being, priority should be given to the strengthening of the capacity of the healthcare system as well as to supporting HPs in both stress management and psychological resilience.