bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cholangitis: Experience from a tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlWabel Ahmed H , Peedikayil Musthafa , AlNasser Sulaiman , AlHusaini Khalid , AlHekail Othman , Alqahtani Saleh A , AlTraif Ibrahim H , AlAshgar Hamad 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a progressive autoimmune cholestatic liver disease that primarily affects females more than males and may lead to end-stage liver disease. We studied baseline characteristics, and the biochemical and clinical response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a first-line treatment option for patients with PBC, in a cohort of patients diagnosed with PBC from Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A total of 30 patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of PBC who were being followed in the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017, were enrolled in the study. The patients with autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and overlap syndromes were excluded. The baseline characteristics of the patients were recorded. The response to UDCA treatment was assessed according to the Barcelona, Paris I, Paris II, and Toronto criteria, and clinical outcomes, and biochemical changes were ascertained.

Results:
The mean age was 46 years ± 11.7 with a female gender predominance of 93% (n = 28). Pruritus was the predominant symptom reported by 90% (n = 27) of the patients. A total of 23 (77.7%) patients underwent liver biopsy and all of them showed histological features suggestive of PBC. Cirrhosis was documented in 30% (n = 9) of the patients at baseline. Overall, 86.7% (n = 26) of the patients were positive for antimitochondrial antibodies. The biochemical response rates to UDCA based on Paris I, Paris II, Barcelona, and Toronto criteria were 73.3, 40, 56.7, and 53.3%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Over 10 years, 30 patients with PBC were diagnosed at a large referral center in Saudi Arabia. The response to UDCA treatment was inadequate.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Praktik Protokol Pencegahan COVID-19 Pada Mahasiswa Prodi D III Keperawatan Nabire
Authors: Ester Ester , Marai Abraham 
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: WHO telah menetapkan COVID-19 sebagai pandemi dunia. Masih terdapat mahasiswa Prodi D III Keperawatan Nabire yang tidak patuh dalam menerapkan protokol pencegahan covid 19 . Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi praktik protokol pencegahan Covid-19 pada mahasiswa Prodi D III Keperawatan Nabire. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain crossectional kepada 56 mahasiswa Prodi D III Keperawatan Nabire pada bulan Juni 2021. Tehnik pengambilan sampel dengan Purposive sampling Waktu penelitian Bulan Juni 2021 dan analisis data dengan chi square. Hasil: tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan praktik protokol pencegahan covid-19 (p-value 0.603), ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan praktik protokol pencegahan covid-19 (p-value 0.022), ada hubungan antara sikap dengan praktik protokol pencegahan covid-19 (p-value 0.003).Kesimpulan: pengetahuan dan sikap berhubungan dengan praktik pencegahan covid 19
Background: WHO has designated COVID-19 as a world pandemic. There are still students of Prodi D III Nursing Nabire who do not comply with implementing the covid 19 prevention protocol. Objective: To find out the factors that affect the practice of the Covid-19 prevention protocol in students of Prodi D III Nursing Nabire. Method: Research with crossectional design to 56 students of Prodi D III Nursing Nabire in June 2021. Sampling technique with Purposive sampling June 2021 research time and data analysis with chi-square. Results: there was no relationship between sex and covid-19 prevention protocol practices (p-value 0.603), there was a relationship between knowledge and the practice of covid-19 prevention protocols (p-value 0.022), there was a relationship between attitudes and practices of covid-19 prevention protocols (p-value 0.003).Conclusion: knowledge and attitudes related to covid 19 prevention practices.
"Entre Primos(as)"
Authors: Monteiro Edilma 
Published: February 2022

A escolha por nomear esse ensaio fotográfico, ‘ENTRE PRIMOS(AS)’: Vivências cotidianas entre ciganos Calon está assentado numa indicação êmica. O termo ‘primo’ é uma expressão utilizada entre os ciganos da etnia calon para denominar outra pessoa cigana, e não necessariamente define uma relação de parentesco. O ‘primo (a)’ é, neste sentido, colocado como categoria para reconhecer uma pessoa calon ou muito próxima ou pertencente a uma rede familiar. Tal dado foi compreendido a partir do envolvimento nos contextos etnográficos. Assim, o termo primo é utilizado para relações com base de aproximação e afetividade, deve ser pensado como uma nomeação que integra o cotidiano dos ciganos Calon no Brasil, (MONTEIRO, 2019). Mas quem são essas pessoas ciganas que veremos nestas imagens?
Psychophysiological responses of women with polycystic ovary syndrome during sessions of high-intensity interval training
Authors: Dos Santos Isis Kelly , Farias-Junior Luiz Fernando , Soares Pichini Gabriel , Medeiros Lopes Ferreira Carlindo Daniel De , Sabino Queiros Victor , Mafaldo Soares Gustavo , De Araújo Tinoco Cabral Breno Guilherme , De Oliveira Maranhão Tecia Maria , Moreira Silva Dantas Paulo 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe study described psychophysiological responses (perceived exertion, affective response) of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) throughout 10 sessions of high-intensity interval training (HIIT).MethodsOverall, 12 physically inactive women with PCOS (age: 26.2 ± 4.1 years; body mass index: 28.5 ± 6.3 kg/m2) performed 10 running HIIT sessions of 50 min [10 × 1-min intervals, 90% of maximal heat rate (HRmax); 3-min active recovery periods, 70% HRmax], including 5-min warm-up and cool-down, with 48-hour intervals. HRmax, rating of perceived exertion (RPE, Borg CR10 scale), and affective responses (Feeling Scale) were assessed in the last 10 s of each interval and recovery period. Each session responses were grouped into session parts (beginning, 1–3; middle, 4–7; end, 8–10) for intervals and recovery periods separately. The generalized estimating equation model served to compare %HRmax, RPE, and affective valence between session parts.ResultsThe intensities of intervals (p < 0.001) and recovery (p < 0.001) increased from session beginning to end, as did RPE of intervals (p < 0.001) and recovery (p < 0.001). Interval affective responses were lower at end compared with beginning (p < 0.040). HIIT intensity (%HRmax) presented a small coefficient of variation (CV, ca. 3%); RPE exhibited medium CV (ca. 20%) between 10 HIIT sessions.ConclusionsPsychophysiological responses of physically inactive PCOS women to running HIIT demonstrate positive affective valence at the beginning of HIIT sessions. As the session progresses, affective valence decreases to neutral and RPE increases.
Asymmetries of isokinetic strength and flexibility in young soccer players: a systematic review
Authors: Ramos Sarah , Corso Marcelo , Brown Amanda , Simão Roberto , Dias Ingrid 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe study aim was to review the isokinetic strength assessment protocols, the obtained peak torque (PT) values, and the hamstring/quadriceps ratio (H/Q); review the unilateral evaluation protocols and normative values for flexibility; and verify the existence of asymmetries between the limbs, muscle imbalances, or bilateral differences (BD) in the strength and flexibility of young soccer players.MethodsThe PRISMA model was used. Searches were conducted in PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS, divided into soccer, isokinetic, and flexibility. Inclusion criteria: articles with a sample of young elite male soccer players with an average age less than 20 years; isokinetic strength assessment: presentation of values for absolute PT and/or H/Q ratio; flexibility assessment: use of unilateral tests for the hip flexion movement. The quality and risk of bias in each study were also analysed.ResultsIn the isokinetic strength, a symmetrical pattern was observed for PT and the H/Q ratio between the limbs and divergent results for BD. Regarding flexibility, it was possible to verify a tendency towards an asymmetry of flexibility, with a more flexible dominant than non-dominant leg. Evaluation protocols and normative values were proposed for the tests of isokinetic strength and flexibility.ConclusionsImbalances for the H/Q ratio, asymmetries, and BD for isokinetic strength and flexibility are not natural aspects of the modality and should be avoided in young soccer players. The monitoring of these characteristics and the use of interventions to restore a symmetrical pattern have become essential since the beginning of sports life.
Describing the tactical knowledge used by young competitive soccer players: A psychophenomenological analysis
Authors: Hallé Petiot Grégory , Bagatin Rafael , Mouchet Alain 
Published: February 2022

PurposeDecision-making is the process through which players choose the most appropriate action to perform in the play. Previous investigations did not clearly portray the specific decisional background of learning players considering the progressing state of their capabilities and game knowledge. The study aimed to describe significant information picked up in situ and how young soccer players applied it to make decisions in the play.MethodsThree male soccer players aged 14 years were interviewed after 2 official district championship games in Portugal. Their games were filmed; the video sequences showing offensive actions were extracted and edited for visualization. Before questioning, each sequence was visualized for recalling the game actions. The explicitation interview technique was used to help the athletes describe in detail their recalled actions. In line with the recommendation in similar studies, a content analysis of the interviews was conducted to identify the decisional background and the links between elements of information picked up in situ and the decision itself.ResultsThe players did not perform a detailed judgement for every decision and were influenced by direct constraints such as opponent pressure. In contrast, they occasionally assessed risks and opportunities emerging in the game depending on their colleagues’ actions and the pitch zone. At times, they relied on their imagination of what their teammates would do with the action outcome.ConclusionsKey elements of the decisional background are common among learning players and can be used as a reference for further investigation or practical intervention in game teaching.
Three weeks of combined resisted and assisted in-water training for adolescent sprint backstroke swimming: a case study
Authors: Saleh Al-Shdoukhi Khalid Abdullah , Petersen Carl , Clarke Jenny 
Published: February 2022

PurposeResisted and assisted in-water training methods are often employed in swimming training but their effectiveness remains unsubstantiated for different strokes and age groups. The study aim was to quantify the effects of a 3-week combined assisted and resisted in-water training program on 50- and 100-m adolescent backstroke performance.MethodsIn addition to regular swimming training, 9 (5 male, 4 female; age: 15.4 ± 1.7 years; 50-m backstroke FINA points: 346 ± 142) competitive backstroke swimmers performed a combined in-water machine-resisted and bungee-assisted training program 3 days/week with 3 resisted and 3 assisted 25-m sprints per session. Before and after the 3-week training, 50- and 100-m backstroke time trials were undertaken, with stroke rate, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion collected.ResultsThere was a significant small improvement in 100-m backstroke times (3.4 ± 3.4% faster; ES = 0.27, p < 0.01), but only a trivial improvement in 50-m backstroke times (1.0 ± 3.1% faster; ES = 0.07, p = 0.19). Females had substantially greater improvements than males in both 50-m (2.4 ± 2.7% faster vs. –0.2 ± 3.2% slower) and 100-m (5.1 ± 2.6% faster vs. 2.0 ± 3.5% faster) backstroke time trials, but with the small sample size, this warrants further investigation.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that adding a 3-week combined in-water resisted and assisted training was likely more beneficial for the longer 100-m distance; females seemed to benefit more than males.
Analysis of the appropriateness of orthopaedic computed tomography scans as exemplified by lower extremity bones and joints
Authors: Latos Tomasz , Sztwiertnia Paweł , Wierzchołowski Wojciech , Walecki Jerzy Michał 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe objective of this study is to analyse the appropriateness of lower extremity coputed tomography (CT) scans as performed in a large orthopaedic hospital.Material and methodsA total of 1410 CT scans acquired in the years 2014-2018 were analysed for compliance with the “Guidelines for Physicians Issuing Diagnostic Imaging Referrals” (iRefer). These guidelines were published by the Royal Radiologist Society and recommended for use by the Polish Medical Society of Radiology, the National Consultant for Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, and the Minister of Health. In addition, the study involved the analysis of information provided on CT referrals by referring clinicians.ResultsNearly 21% of CT referrals were found to be unsubstantiated based on the diagnosis made by the referring physician, the body region of interest, and the clinical department. Most referrals identified as non-compliant with the guidelines were related to cancers followed by inflammatory conditions. The lowest number of unjustified exams was reported for endoprostheses and injury-related cases.ConclusionsThe study revealed a significant degree of non-compliance with the diagnostic algorithm as defined in the iRefer guidelines, particularly in cases of cancers and inflammatory conditions. Consequently, the patient’s exposure to ionizing radiation is increased. Incorrect decisions regarding the appropriate diagnostic imaging technique are founded on the lack of appropriate cooperation between the clinician and the radiologist, insufficiency or lack of information provided on the referral, as well as the defensive attitude of referring physicians. It is therefore necessary to change appropriate in-hospital management and cooperation models.
AUDIT COMMITTEE EFFECTIVENESS TOWARDS QUALITY OF FINANCIAL REPORTING OF COOPERATIVES IN NORTHERN PHILIPPINES
Authors: Nay-ud Madelyn 
Published: February 2022

This study explores the factors influencing effectiveness of audit committee that improve quality of financial reporting and eventually enhance good cooperative governance. The target population was the duly registered cooperatives in Ifugao province in Northern Luzon, Philippines. The findings from both correlation and regression analysis revealed that audit committee independence, audit committee financial competence and audit committee meetings had statistically significant relationship with the quality of financial reporting. From the findings, the study concluded that members of audit committee of cooperatives must have high level of independence, financially competent and hold quality meetings to enhance the quality of their financial reporting. The current study may have provided some useful insights into the importance of audit committee effectiveness towards quality of financial reporting in the context of cooperatives in Ifugao, Philippines but there are some limitations. Firstly, the generalization of the results focused on cooperatives in Ifugao province. Hence, expanding the reach for cooperatives or other organizations will also enhance and provide a comprehensive data. Secondly, the data was confined to only a few variables. Thus, it would be interesting to incorporate audit committee honorarium, audit committee transparency and cultural influence as other variables for future studies on audit committee attributes and quality of financial reporting.
Keywords: Audit Committee Effectiveness, Cooperatives, Good Governance and Quality of Financial Reporting.
An Overview of Smartphone Apps
Authors: Wells Charlotte , Spry Carolyn 
Published: February 2022

Health-based mobile applications (mHealth) are downloadable applications on a smartphone or similar device for use in health care, either by the person directly or by a health care provider. This Horizon Scan summarizes the available information and provides an overview of health apps on smartphones that are not connected to specialized medical equipment, describing examples of emerging apps in different clinical areas, who they might benefit, and their operational issues.
There are over 350,000 mobile applications available for download in app stores, used for a variety of disease areas. These areas include chronic disease, stress, mental health, fitness, sleeping problems, general medication adherence and tracking, and vital sign measurements.
The scan identified that health apps often fall into 1 of 4 categories: informational applications, diagnostic applications, disease management applications, and fitness tracking applications.
Numerous apps were identified that are available for use by people in Canada. Health apps offer the potential to provide convenience, flexibility, accessibility, and personalized health information. However, the majority of health apps that require evidence of benefit for users have not been assessed in appropriately designed studies that examine their clinical efficacy, or safety. The apps that have been tested in some research studies may have numerous shortcomings in areas such as app design, user engagement, user satisfaction, and retention.
This scan describes some operational considerations for apps that relate to their lack of evidence-base, concerns about biases in app design, and the need for equity focused app development. It was noted in the literature that many apps do not provide appropriate privacy and confidentiality for consumers, which may put people at risk of data breaches or inappropriate use of personal data.
Human and livestock faecal biomarkers at the prehistorical encampment site of Ullafelsen in the Fotsch Valley, Stubai Alps, Austria – potential and limitations
Authors: Lerch Marcel , Bromm Tobias , Geitner Clemens , Haas Jean Nicolas , Schäfer Dieter , Glaser Bruno , Zech Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The Ullafelsen at 1869 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in the Tyrolean Stubai
Alps next to Innsbruck is an important (geo)archeological reference site
for the Mesolithic period. Buried fireplaces on the Ullafelsen plateau were
dated at 10.9 to 9.5 ka cal BP and demonstrate together with thousands of
flint stone artifacts the presence of hunter-gatherers during the Early
Holocene. Grazing livestock has been a predominant anthropozoological impact
in the Fotsch Valley presumably since the Bronze Age (4.2–2.8 ka). In
order to study the human and/or livestock faeces input on the Ullafelsen, we
carried out steroid analyses on 2 modern ruminant faeces samples from cattle
and sheep, 37 soil samples from seven archeological soil profiles, and 9
soil samples from five non-archeological soil profiles from the Fotsch
Valley used as reference sites. The dominance of 5β-stigmastanol and
deoxycholic acid in modern cattle and sheep faeces can be used as markers
for the input of ruminant faeces in soils. The OAh horizons, which have
accumulated and developed since the Mesolithic, revealed high contents of
steroids (sterols, stanols, stanones and bile acids); the eluvial light layer (E (LL)) horizon
coinciding with the Mesolithic living floor is characterized by medium
contents of steroids. By contrast, the subsoil horizons Bh, Bs and BvCv
contain low contents of faecal biomarkers, indicating that leaching of
steroids into the podsolic subsoils is not an important factor. High content
of 5β-stigmastanol and deoxycholic acid in all soil samples gives
evidence for faeces input of ruminants. The steroid patterns and ratios
indicate a negligible input of human faeces on the Ullafelsen. In
conclusion, our results reflect a strong faeces input by livestock, rather
than by humans as found for other Anthrosols such as Amazonian dark earths.
Further studies need to focus on the question of the exact timing of faeces
deposition.
On the vorticiry budget and vertical velociry distribution associated with a life cycle of a monsoon depression
Authors: DAGGUPATY S. M. , SIKKA D. R. 
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses the results obtained from a diagnostic study of a monsoon depression which formed in the northern part of the Bay of Bengal, The depression, while intensifying, progressed westwards across India with a speed of about 5° longitude per day, The computed vertical velocity is in good agreement with the observed asymmetric distribution of rainfall around the depression, The presence of a low level of nondivergence, i.e. around 850 mb, is found to have a significant role in the dynamics of the monsoon depression.
The important result of the computed vorticity budget over the period of the intensification of the depression is the detection of a middle and upper tropospheric cyclonic vorticity depletion with time due to large scale dynamics in the western sector of the depression. This result is rather unexpected because of the' fact that the depression's observed cyclonic vorticity increases, not only in the lower troposphere but also in the middle and upper troposphere while progressing westwards. It has been shown that the presence of deep convective cloud activity in the western sector provides the necessary process to compensate the negative vorticity tendency in the middle and upper troposphere. Through a simple parameterization, it has been shown quantitatively that the transport of subgrid scale vorticity by deep convective clouds in the western sector is significant.
This mechanism of vertical transport of extremely rich boundary layer cyclonic vorticity by deep convective clouds is found to be very essential for the intensification and, as well, for the westward movement of the monsoon depression