bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of bacteriophage-encoded endolysin relies on active residues: A molecular perspective
Authors: Easwaran Maheswaran , Govindaraj Rajiv Gandhi , Naderi Misagh , Brylinski Michal , Zoysa Mahanama , SHIN HYUN-JIN , Hong Eui-Ju 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Bacteriophage-encoded endolysins have been recognized as promising antibacterial specialists for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Endolysins have been restricted in the case of treatment of Gram-negative bacteria exogenously, where the outer membrane prohibits access to peptidoglycan. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on the structural and functional mechanism of endolysins of phage EcSw (ΦEcSw), responsible for glycosidase degradation of bacterial peptidoglycans. We conducted a computational study to analyze the protein folding, active domains and active residues of endolysin. The structural similarity-based docking identified the active residues (Glu19 and Asp34) of endolysin involved in the recognition and transglycosylase cleavage of the bacterial peptidoglycan. The enzymatic activities of the computationally predicted and highly conserved catalytic residues were validated through site-directed mutagenesis. The antibacterial assay suggesting that the wild type endolysin have significant lytic activity compare with its mutants including E19D, E19K, D34E, D34H and K19/H34 that can modulate the function of endolysins. Overall, our study utilized protein engineering, gene mutations, and computational models to identify the active residues of functional endolysin. Furthermore, the mutational study corroborated the application of phage endolysins as an antimicrobial therapy for combating multidrug-resistant pathogenic diseases and future pandemics.
Thiazide-associated hyponatremia increases the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events among elderly Taiwanese patients
Authors: Yang Hsun , Hsu Jane Lu , Kuo Yu-Hung , Liao Kuan-Fu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Thiazide-associated hyponatremia (TAH) has been supposed to increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the elderly. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of TAH with the risk of MACE in elderly Taiwanese patients.
Methods: Data from the longitudinal generation tracking database (LGTD 2010) of the Health and Welfare Data Science Center (HWDC) were retrospectively assessed. The TAH study group was defined as using >30 cumulative daily defined doses (CDDDs) thiazide diuretics within one year before diagnosis of hyponatremia. The control group (1:3 propensity score matching) had no diagnosis of hyponatremia but had used >30 CDDDs thiazide diuretics within one year. Data on MACE were extracted using International Classification of Diseases codes. Outcomes were assessed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier analysis.
Results: A total of 1155 and 3465 individuals were enrolled in the TAH and the control groups, respectively. The rates of MACE (11.1% vs. 7.3%) and death (22.8% vs.12.2%) were significantly higher in the TAH group than the control group. In the TAH group, the adjusted HRs were 1.29 for MACE, 1.39 for all-cause death, and 1.61 for stroke.
Conclusion: TAH in patients above 65-years-old is associated with a 29% higher risk of MACE, 39% higher risk of all-cause death, and 61% higher risk of stroke. This work suggests that thiazides prescription in elderly patients should be more careful. However, further research is required to confirm our findings.
Aging aggravates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury and inflammation though inordinate C/EBPα-BMP9 crosstalk
Authors: Liu Rui , Xu Wentao , Sun Yating , Zhu He , Dong Huke , Yin Shi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is almost exclusively produced in the liver and reaches tissues throughout the body as a secreted protein. However, the role and mechanism of BMP9 in aging-associated liver injury and inflammation are still unclear.
Results
Aging significantly aggravates acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI). Increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins α (C/EBPα) and BMP9 was detected in the aged livers, as well as in hepatocytes and macrophages (MФs) isolated from the aged mice. The current results showed that excess BMP9 is directly related to APAP-induced hepatocyte injury and death, evidenced by activated drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 1/5/9 (SMAD1/5/9) signal, higher cell death ratio, inhibited ATG3 and ATG7, blocked autophagy, increased activity of senescence-associated beta‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐Gal), and increased senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Conversely, Bmp9 knockout (Bmp9−/−) could partly alleviate the above signs. Moreover, the expression of BMP9 was found to be regulated by C/EBPα in vitro and in vivo. Notably, BMP9 can also downregulated autophagy through autophagy-related genes (ATG3 and ATG7) in MΦs, which is associated with the aggravation of liver injury and the production of SASP.
Conclusions
In summary, the present study highlights the crucial roles for the C/EBPα-BMP9 crosstalk and provides insights into the interrelationship between hepatocytes and MΦs during acute liver injury.
Verifiable Threshold Changeable Secret Image Sharing scheme based on LWE problem
Authors: Dehkordi Massoud Hadian , Mashhadi Samaneh , Farahi Seyed Taghi , Noorallahzadeh Mohommad Hosein 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

In threshold secret image sharing (t, n) schemes, each of n shareholders has a share of secret image S. By having at least t shares, the dealer D can retrieve the secret image S. In such traditional secret image sharing schemes, there is no ability to change the threshold. In fact, the security policy of the secret recovery phase may change, and the number of shareholders present at the phase of secret recovery may need to change, in this case, we need secret sharing schemes with a changeable threshold. In this paper, a changeable secret image sharing scheme based on Learning With Error problem is introduced. We also use Bloom Filter for non-interactive verification of participants’ shares.
Anatomy of nanomagnetic switching at a 3D Topological Insulator PN junction
Authors: Xie Yunkun , Vakili Hamed , Ganguly Samiran , Ghosh Avik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A P-N junction engineered within a Dirac cone system acts as a gate tunable angular filter based on Klein tunneling. For a 3D topological insulator with a substantial bandgap, such a filter can produce a charge-to-spin conversion due to the dual effects of spin-momentum locking and momentum filtering. We analyze how spins filtered at an in-plane topological insulator PN junction (TIPNJ) interact with a nanomagnet, and argue that the intrinsic charge-to-spin conversion does not translate to an external gain if the nanomagnet also acts as the source contact. Regardless of the nanomagnet's position, the spin torque generated on the TIPNJ is limited by its surface current density, which in turn is limited by the bulk bandgap. Using quantum kinetic models, we calculated the spatially varying spin potential and quantified the localization of the current versus the applied bias. Additionally, with the magnetodynamic simulation of a soft magnet, we show that the PN junction can offer a critical gate tunability in the switching probability of the nanomagnet, with potential applications in probabilistic neuromorphic computing.
A Novel Implementation of Binary Coded Decimal Based Logic Divider Uding Vedic Direct Flag Method and its Application in Key Generation in RSA Gryptographic Algorithm.
Authors: a Balamanikandan , KARUNAMURTHI SARANYA , k suresh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Reversible logic does not dissipate energy and information loss never occurs. So, this futuristic technology is forced towards many applications involving less energy dissipation. This work targets the design of new Vedic divider circuit and its implementation using reversible gates. Direct Flag Vedic Division Method (DFVDM) is a new methodology and it is addressed in this proposed work using reversible logic. We have utilized basic reversible gates in the block level construction and showed that the proposed Reversible Direct Flag Vedic Division Method (RDFVDM) implementation is having quantum parameter as well as ASIC parameter efficiency. This divider circuit inherits many advantages such as fewer garbage outputs, minimum quantum cost. Simulation investigations have been done by CADENCE EDA Tool. The proposed Vedic divider is also compared using the reversible structural metrics like garbage outputs, constant inputs, quantum cost with existing works and results showcases that RDFVDM excels than the equivalent designs.
Prognosis Role of E2F1 in Cancer: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Jingjing , Bi Wen , Lu Fang , Pan Bei , Xiong Mengqiu , Nie Zhenlin , He Bangshun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
E2F1 has been confirmed to be highly expressed in a variety of cancers. To better understand the prognostic value of E2F1 in cancer patients, this study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic value of E2F1 in cancer according to published data.
Method
PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI Database were searched until May 31th, 2022 by using key words to retrieve the published literatures on the role of E2F1 expression in the prognostic value of cancer. The literatures were identified according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled result of hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated with Stata17.0 software.
Result
A total of 17 articles were included in this study involved in 4481 cancer patients. The pooled results showed that higher E2F1 expression was significantly correlated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.10, 95%CI:1.03–1.16, I2 = 95.3%, PHeterogeneity=0.000) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.41, 95%CI:1.33–1.49, I2 = 95.2%, PHeterogeneity=0.000) of cancer patients. Such a significant association of was maintained subgroup of sample size of patients (> 150: for OS, HR = 1.77, 95%CI:1.25–2.51, and for DFS, HR = 0.91, 95%CI:0.28–2.98; or < 150: for OS, HR = 1.93, 95%CI:0.94–3.06, and for DFS, HR = 4.39, 95%CI:4.05–4.76), ethnicity (Asian: for OS, HR = 1.65, 95%CI:1.19–2.29, and for DFS, HR = 1.08, 95%CI:0.25–4.61; or not Asian: HR = 3.55, 95%CI:1.92–6.55, and for DFS, HR = 2.87, 95%CI:1.15–7.14), the data from database (clinical: for OS, HR = 1.24, 95%CI: 0.54–2.82, and for DFS, HR = 1.40, 95%CI:0.40–4.94; or database: for OS, HR = 2.29, 95%CI:1.72–3.06, and for DFS, HR = 3.09, 95%CI:1.12–8.49), paper published year (after 2014: for OS, HR = 1.90, 95%CI:1.41–2.55;and for DFS,HR = 1.87, 95%CI:1.21–2.89; or before 2014: for OS, HR = 1.40, 95%CI:0.27–7.13, and for DFS, HR = 1.22, 95%CI:0.10-15.59);cancer type (female specific cancer: for OS, HR = 1.41, 95%CI:0.43–4.65, and for DFS, HR = 0.64, 95%CI:0.15–2.72; or non-gender specific cancers: for OS, HR = 2.00, 95%CI:1.30–3.09, and for DFS, HR = 2.95, 95%CI:1.47–5.91).
Conclusion
E2F1 could be served as a prognostic biomarker in cancer patients and higher levels of in cancer patients could predict shorter OS and DFS.
A hemodynamics study of adrenal veins with four-dimensional computed tomography using quantitative time-density curve characteristics
Authors: He Xi , Sueyoshi Eijun , Nagayama Hiroki , Koike Hirofumi , Uetani Masataka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Present study quantitatively analyzed adrenal venous flow using four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT).
Materials and Methods
We reviewed 4D CT images of 55 patients [mean age, 52 years ± 11 (standard deviation); 23 females] who underwent adrenal venous sampling (AVS) between August 2017 and February 2021. Time–density curves (TDC) were referred for the adrenal venous enhancement. The clinical factors affecting hemodynamics were assessed using uni- and multivariate linear regression analyses.
Results
The right and left adrenal veins (RAV and LAV, respectively) were visualized in all cases. Mean peak enhancement values in RAV and LAV were 247 ± 67 and 292 ± 70 Hounsfield units (P < 0.01), and were reached at 44.43 ± 6.86 and 45.39 ± 7.53 seconds (P < 0.01), respectively. The body mass index (BMI), plasma renin activity and potassium were significant factors influencing the peak enhancement of RAV blood flow [standardized regression coefficients, -0.327 (P = 0.017), -0.346 (P = 0.013), 0.426 (P = 0.016), respectively]. A linear relationship between sex and the time-to-peak was observed for RAV [standardized regression coefficient, 0.348 (P = 0.046)].
Conclusion
RAV had a lower contrast effect than LAV and reached its peak faster. BMI, plasma renin activity, and potassium were associated with flow density in RAV. Sex independently influenced the time-to-peak.
Ionothermal synthesis of magnetic N-doped porous carbon to immobilize Pd nanoparticles: An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for reduction of nitroaromatic compounds
Authors: Taheri Sahar , Heravi Majid M , Saljooqi Asma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Carbon materials play important roles as a catalyst or catalyst-support for reduction reactions owing to their high porosity, large specific surface area, great electron conductivity, and excellent chemical stability. In this paper, a mesoporous N-doped carbon substrate (exhibited as N-C) has been synthesized by ionothermal carbonization of glucose in the attendance of histidine. The N-C substrate was modified by Fe3O4 nanoparticles (N-C/Fe3O4), and then Pd nanoparticles were stabilized on the magnetic substrate to synthesize an eco-friendly Pd catalyst with high efficiency, magnetic, reusability, recoverability, and great stability. To characterize N-C/Fe3O4-Pd nanocatalyst, different microscopic and spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM/EDX, and TEM were applied. Moreover, N-C/Fe3O4-Pd showed high catalytic activity in reducing nitroaromatic compounds in water at ambient temperatures when NaBH4 was used as a reducing agent. The provided nanocatalyst's great catalytic durability and power can be ascribed to the synergetic interaction among well-dispersed Pd nanoparticles and N-doped carbonaceous support.
Prevalence of Non-communicable Chronic Morbidities (Nccms) and Associated Factors Among Persons Aged 60 Years and Above Inbulambuli District, Eastern Uganda
Authors: James Wanziima , David Ndungutse , Freddrick Ndobooli , Ddamulira Christopher 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: The epidemiology of Non-Communicable Chronic Morbidities (NCCMs) is crucial in informing prevention and control initiatives for health systems in the developing world to handle the extra disease burden common in the aging population. Unfortunately, such evidence on the NCCMs and the associated factors remains scarce in Uganda and in Bugisu Sub-Region in particular just like in the rest of the Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, against this background, a study was undertaken to establish the prevalence of NCCMs and its associated factors among the elderly persons aged 60 years and above in Bulambuli District, Eastern Uganda.
Methods: A population-based cross sectional study design in which questionnaires and a key interview guide were administered to study subjects as part of the data collection process. Self-report, medical records and checklist of the typical symptoms were adopted in the diagnoses of NCCMs among elderly persons aged 60 years and above in Bulambuli district between late January and February 2020. SPSS software version 20.0 was used for data analysis and a Logistic Regression model was fitted to identify factors that independently influenced prevalence of NCCMs.
Results: A total of 317 subjects aged 60 years were recruited in the study and slightly more than half (55.0%) were less than 70 years and less than half (45.0%) were aged 70 years and above. The general prevalence rate of NCCMs was found to be 85.5%. The prevalence of the specific NCCMs was 71.0% for visual impairment, edentulousness (57.4%), Hypertension (33.4%), Diabetes mellitis (10.4%), Asthma (9.5%) and least common was Stroke at (9.1%). The statistically significant associated factors were family history of NCCMs (AOR = 4.80; 95% CI: 1.88-12.27; p = 0.001), poor state of housing (AOR = 3.22; 95% CI: 1.18-8.75; p = 0.022), cooking in a poorly ventilated kitchen (AOR = 4.53; 95% CI: 1.56-13.19; p = 0.006), and physical inactivity (AOR = 6.13; 95%CI: 2.04-18.46; p= 0.001).
Conclusions: There is generally a high burden of Non-Communicable Chronic Morbidities among elderly persons aged 60 years and above calling for more attention by the Ministry of Health and other ministries responsible for the elderly in Uganda and the developing world in general. There is need to pay attention to housing and kitchen conditions that were found to be significant influencing factors. Clear interventions are required to address the highly prevalent conditions among the elderly to improve on their quality of life.
Comparison of 18F-OC PET/CT, 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT/MRI in the detection and evaluation of neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Chen Donghe , Yang Shuye , Chen Jingjing , Li Tiancheng , Liu Yinuo , Zhao Xin , Zhang Tingting , Xu Mimi , Wang Huatao , Zhao Kui , Su Xinhui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Gallium-68 (68Ga)-labeled somatostatin analog (SSA) PET imaging has been widely used in clinical practice. Compared with 68Ga, 18F has a great practical and economic advantage. The characteristics of 18F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide (18F-OC) have been even more rarely described. Herein, this retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 18F-OC PET/CT in detecting NENs, as well as to compare it with 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT/MRI.
Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the data of 93 patients who had undergone 18F-OC PET/CT scans. Moreover, of 45 patients with suspected NENs, 42 patients underwent enhanced CT scans, 38 patients underwent MRI scans, and 5 patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Of 48 NENs patients for detecting metastasis or recurrence, these patients had enhanced CT (n = 36), MRI (n = 30) and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans (n = 14). A total of 276 suspected NENs lesions were found in these 93 patients. Histopathologic (n = 198) or radiographic follow-up (n = 78) served as the reference standard for the final diagnosis.
Results
Forty-five patients with suspected NENs were confirmed by histopathological examination via resection or biopsy. 18F-OC PET/CT showed high radiotracer uptake in the lesions of G1-G3 NENs. 18F-OC PET/CT showed superior performance, with 96.3% sensitivity, 77.8% specificity and 88.9% accuracy in diagnosing NENs compared to CT/MRI. When a standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 8.3, target-to-background ratio (TBR) of 3.1 and SUVmax of hypophysis (SUVhypophysis) of 15.4 were cutoff points for differentiating NENs from non-NENs lesions, 18F-OC PET/CT had the best equilibrium between sensitivity and specificity. For a total of 276 suspected NENs lesions, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 18F-OC were 90.5%, 82.1% and 88.8%, respectively, in the diagnosis of NENs and were higher than those of 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT/MRI. Furthermore, the TBR of 18F-OC PET was higher than that of 18F-FDG PET (P = 0.0118), especially in pancreas (P = 0.0024), liver (P < 0.0001) and G2 NENs (P < 0.0001). The SUVmax and TBR of 18F-OC PET/CT showed a significant correlation with the degree of CT enhancement in G2 but not in G1 or G3. Moreover, there was a higher blood supply and lower 18F-OC TBR in G1 and G2 NENs than in G3.
Conclusions
18F-OC PET/CT is a promising imaging modality for initial diagnosis and detecting metastasis or postoperative recurrence in NENs.
Pre-Flight Body Weight Effects on Urinary Calcium Excretion in Space
Authors: Thamer Semran , Stevanovic Mirjana , Buckey Jay 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Microgravity-induced bone loss increases urinary calcium excretion which increases kidney stone formation risk. Not all individuals show the same degree of increase in urinary calcium and some pre-flight characteristics may help identify individuals who may benefit from in-flight monitoring. In weightlessness the bone is unloaded, and the effect of this unloading may be greater for those who weigh more. We studied whether pre-flight body weight was associated with increased in-flight urinary calcium excretion using data from Skylab and the International Space Station (ISS). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of Skylab and ISS data was conducted. The study was reviewed and approved by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) electronic Institutional Review Board (eIRB) and data were sourced from the Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health (LSAH) database. The effect of weight on urinary calcium excretion was examined using linear mixed effect models with day-in-flight, weight, and program (Skylab or ISS) as fixed effects and the subject’s responses over time as random effects. RESULTS: The combined Skylab and ISS data included 45 participants (9 Skylab, 36 ISS). Both weight and day in flight were positively related to urinary calcium excretion. There was also an interaction between weight and day in flight with higher weight associated with higher calcium excretion earlier in the mission. DISCUSSION: Several factors can affect urinary calcium excretion in space including baseline urinary calcium excretion, dietary intake, and genetic makeup. This study shows that pre-flight weight is also a factor and could be included in the risk assessments for bone loss and kidney stone formation in space.
A quantitative meta-analysis: Is organ on a chip cell cultures better than static cell cultures?
Authors: Dufva Martin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As many consider organ on a chip for better in vitro models, it is timely to extract quantitative data from the literature to compare responses of cells under flow in chips to corresponding static incubations. Of 2251 screened articles, 361 articles described flow for cell culture and 113 contained the correct static control. Analysis of 1386 ratios between biomarkers measured in cells under flow and static cultures, respectively, showed that flow resulted in quantitative advantages with statistical significance in cells from the blood vessels, intestine, tumours, and the liver. This correlates with the overrepresentation of these tissue types in the literature. The median improvements were about a two-fold for these tissues and less for others. Stronger improvements by flow were linked to specific cell types and biomarkers combinations. Only the calcium uptake in osteocytes, and the CYP3A4 activity and Muc2 mRNA levels in Caco2 cells were reproductible induced by flow in several independent articles. However, the degree of improvement differed between articles suggesting that chip architectures or type of static control has an effect. The analysis shows that cells under flow mostly are similar to static cultures and that advantages are linked to specific biomarker and cell type combinations.