bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D simulations of AGB stellar winds
Authors: Siess L. , Homan W. , Toupin S. , Price D. J. 
Published: August 2022

Aims. We present the implementation of the treatment of particle ejection and dust nucleation in the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code PHANTOM. These developments represent the first step toward a more complete modeling of dust-driven winds emanating from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars that can be used for comparison with high resolution imaging of these stars.
Methods. The AGB outflow is modeled by injecting the SPH particles from a spherical inner boundary. This boundary is a series of concentric shells, with the AGB star at its center, and the particles are positioned on these shells on the vertices of an isocahedron geodesic surface. The outermost shell is ejected with a predefined radial velocity, and subsequent lower shells replenish the ejected ones, all rotated randomly to improve the isotropy of the outflow. The physical properties of the particles on these shells are set by solving the 1D analytic steady wind equations. The formation of dust is calculated starting from a compact chemical network for carbon-rich material, which creates the building blocks of the solid-state particles. Subsequently, the theory of the moments is used to obtain dust growth rates, without requiring knowledge on the grain size distribution.
Results. We tested our implementation against a series of 1D reference solutions. We demonstrate that our method is able to reproduce Parker-type wind solutions. For the trans-sonic solution, small oscillations are present in the vicinity of the sonic point, but these do not impact the trans-sonic passage or terminal wind velocity. Supersonic solutions always compare nicely with 1D analytic profiles. We also tested our implementation of dust using two formalisms: an analytic prescription for the opacity devised by Bowen and the full treatment of carbon-dust formation. Both simulations reproduce the 1D analytic solution displaying the expected additional acceleration when the gas temperature falls below the condensation temperature.
Sharp conditions on fractional ID-(g, f)-factor-critical covered graphs
Authors: Liu Hongxia 
Published: August 2022

Combining the concept of a fractional (g, f)-covered graph with that of a fractional ID-(g, f)-factor-critical graph, we define the concept of a fractional ID-(g, f)-factor-critical covered graph. This paper reveals the relationship between some graph parameters and the existence of fractional ID-(g, f)-factor-critical covered graphs. A sufficient condition for a graph being a fractional ID-(g, f)-factor-critical covered graph is presented. In addition, we demonstrate the sharpness of the main result in this paper by constructing a special graph class. Furthermore, the relationship between other graph parameters(such as binding number, toughness, sun toughness and neighborhood union) and fractional ID-(g, f)-factor-critical covered graphs can be studied further.
Management and outcomes of urethral stricture: single centre experience over 13 years
Authors: Akyuz Mehmet , Ozsoy Emrah , Tokuc Emre , Artuk Ilker , Kayar Ridvan , Bastug Yavuz , Öztürk Metin İshak 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aim: To present a comprehensive summary of the diagnosis,
treatment and follow-up process of patients who underwent open urethroplasty in our tertiary
referral center for the treatment of urethral stricture in the last 13 years.
Materials and methods: Two hundred and forty-five (245) patients
who underwent open urethroplasty between January 2008 and June 2021 were retrospectively
analysed. Detailed history, physical examination, uroflowmetry, retrograde urethrography
and/or voiding cystourethrography and/or urethroscopy were used throughout the preoperative
diagnosis process. While evaluating the postoperative patency rates, the absence of
preoperative voiding symptoms after the operation and Qmax 15 ml/sec and above were taken into
account.
Results: Mean stricture length was 3.8 +/- 1.4 cm. Transurethral
endoscopic interventions in 79 patients (32.2%), catheterisation in 55 patients (22.4%),
trauma in 54 patients (22%), infection in 15 patients (6.2%), and idiopathology in 42 patients
(17.2%) were the causes for the stricture. Buccal mucosal graft was used in 125 patients
(51%), penile skin flap in 32 patients (13%), end-to-end anastomosis in 83 patients (33.8%)
and Heineke-Mikulicz technique in 5 patients (2%). Mean follow-up period was 67.1 +/- 28.9
months. Success rates of patients were 84% (105) in buccal mucosal graft, 78.1% (25) in penile
skin flap, 86.7% (72) with end-to-end anastomosis and 80% (4) with Heineke-Mikulicz
technique.
Conclusion: Among treatment options for urethral stricture,
urethroplasty techniques is the most successful treatment. Consideration of the factors
leading to the formation of the stricture, with the intraoperative findings and surgical
experience will maximize the benefit the patient receives.
Measures of Knee Capability in Handball Players Differ by Age: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mayer Constantin , Rühlemann Alina , Busch Andre , Jäger Marcus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe return to sport after knee injury is challenging. This is burdensome for sports with a high incidence of injuries, such as team handball. Various tests guide decision making, but often the athlete’s preinjury performance of these measures remains unknown. Moreover, objective return-to-sport criteria of a matching population are missing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate objective measures of knee capability in handball depending on players’ age. Two hundred sixty-one handball players performed a functional test battery designed to evaluate knee capability after an anterior cruciate ligament injury: two- and one-legged stability analysis, jumps, speed tests, and agility assessments. For age-specific evaluation, athletes were divided into three age groups (16–19; 20–29;≥30 years). Male players showed differences in two and one-legged jumping height (p<0.02) as well as power per body weight (p<0.01) between age groups. Young female players reached better results in two-and one-legged stability. Besides the quick feet test, results of females did not differ between age groups. Functional knee stability in healthy handball players is partly influenced by age, and females show better results in stability and male athletes in power measurements. This aspect should be considered for return to sports testing and underlines the importance of performance measures in athletic testing.
The Efficacy of Physical Fitness Training on Dance Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dang Yanan , Chen Ruoling , Koutedakis Yannis , Wyon Matthew Alexander 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGreater levels of physical fitness have been linked to improved dance performance and decreased injury incidence. The aim was to review the efficacy of physical fitness training on dance injury. The electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure were used to search peer-reviewed published articles in English or Chinese. Studies were scored using Strength of the Evidence for a Conclusion and a risk bias checklist. 10 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial 2450 publications. These studies offered physical fitness training for professional (n=3) and pre-professional dancers (n=7), participant sample size ranged between 5 to 62, ages from 11 to 27 years, and most participants were females. Assessment scores were classified as Fair (n=1), Limited (n=7), and Expert Opinion Only (n=2) and risk of bias scores ranged from 22.7–68.2%. After physical fitness training, 80% of studies reported significant benefits in injury rate, the time between injuries, pain intensity, pain severity, missed dance activities and injury count. This review suggests that physical fitness training could have a beneficial effect on injury incidence in dance. The evidence is limited by the current study methodologies.
Association of Muscle Fibers with Histopathology in Doughnut Specimens Following Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy and Their Impacts on Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Narayanaswamy Chetty Y. V. , Sreevathsa M. R. , Chowdari G. Akhil , Rao Koteshwara 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is widely practiced worldwide since its introduction to the world of proctology and replaced conventional hemorrhoidectomy in treating hemorrhoids. The technique of executing the procedure dictates the outcomes and complications. Here, we attempted to establish the cause of postoperative complications and attributed them to the presence of muscle of fibers in the excised doughnut specimens.
Materials and Methods A prospective observational analysis of histopathological specimens obtained from patients who underwent stapled hemorrhoidopexy using procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids-03 circular staplers in the department of surgery of a tertiary care hospital in southern India was performed, and the correlation between the presence or absence of muscle fibers in the specimens and postoperative complications was evaluated. The patients were followed up for 12 months after the procedure.
Results In this study, 155 patients, including 54, 91, and 10 patients with Grade 2, Grade 3, and Grade 4 hemorrhoids, respectively, were included. Group A consisted of 19 patients with muscle fibers on the specimens, whereas Group B consisted of 139 patients without muscle fibers on the specimens. Early complications within 7 days after the procedure were as follows: 21 and 0.7% of the patients in Groups A and B, respectively, presented with postoperative pain with a visual analog scale score of more than 4; 47 and 6% of the patients in Groups A and B, respectively, presented with urinary retention; 26 and 2% of the patients in Groups A and B, respectively, presented with bleeding; and 21 and 2.9% of the patients in Groups A and B, respectively, presented with fecal urgency. A significant association was found between the presence of muscle fibers and early complications (p < 0.001). Late complications, such as proctalgia and bleeding, accounting for 36.8 and 6.6% in Groups A and B, respectively, were significantly associated with the presence of muscle fibers in histopathology (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, other late complications, such as incontinence, stenosis, and recurrence, exhibited no association (p > 0.05).
Conclusion The technique in taking purse-string sutures and the depth of the suture bite above the dentate line carry the utmost importance in preventing postoperative complications. Therefore, surgeons should refine their technique of appropriate depth to avoid incorporation of muscle fibers while executing the procedure.
Remote Supratentorial Recurrent Medulloblastoma: Case Study and Literature Review
Authors: Dominari Asimina , Antoniades Elias , Capiccelo Antonio , Hatzipantelis Emmanuil , Foroglou Nikolaos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMedulloblastomas comprise 10% of pediatric brain tumors. Subfrontal recurrence is uncommon and has been associated with prone positioning, inadequate irradiation of the cribriform plate area, and hydrocephalus management. We discuss the case report of an 8-year-old boy with subfrontal medulloblastoma recurrence. The literature was reviewed using terms such as “medulloblastoma,” “subfrontal recurrence,” and “child.” Forty-eight cases of subfrontal medulloblastoma recurrence were identified. The mean age at presentation was 12.3 years. Gross total resection was achieved in 44%, most patients received adjuvant radiation therapy, and approximately 25% received chemotherapy. The mean recurrence interval was 2.6 years. The mean number of recurrences per patient was 1.2 and the mean survival period was 3.3 years. Even in the case of meticulous resection and sufficient irradiation, recurrences may still occur. Our case indicates that resection of the recurrent lesion and repeat irradiation may benefit patients with satisfactory short-term results.
A Rare Case of Guillain–Barré Syndrome with Signs of Meningeal Irritation and Treatment-Related Fluctuations/Relapse
Authors: Singh Kushagra , Lohiya Sham , Chaudhary Richa , Lakra Mahaveer , Damke Sachin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGuillain–Barré Syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that can present at any age. The presentation of Guillain–Barré syndrome may be variable as the classic symptoms of areflexia and flaccid paralysis may or may not be present. Here we reported a case of a 15-year-old male patient who presented with complaints of weakness in bilateral lower limbs with inability to sit along with slurred speech and drooling of saliva with positive meningeal signs like neck stiffness and Kernig's sign. His symptoms improved with immunoglobulin therapy. Five days later, the child again had pain and increased weakness with increased work of breathing for which repeat dose and course of immunoglobulins were given. As patients with signs of meningeal irritation may suggest other diseases such as meningitis, it is important to consider atypical cases of Guillain–Barré syndrome along with treatment-related fluctuations as observed in our patient.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Patients with Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms from a University Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Mohan Raj , Kafle Prakash , Rajbhandari Binod , Pradhanang Amit Bahadur , Kumar Shrestha Dipendra , Sedain Gopal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective The risk factors, management strategies, and outcomes of patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) are different compared with that of patients with a single aneurysm. Data are scarce regarding patients with MIAs from developing countries. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes of patients treated microsurgically from Nepal.
Methods The clinical records of patients confirmed to have MIAs and microsurgically clipped between July 2014 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, computed tomography findings, multiplicity and location of aneurysms, management strategies, and the 1-year outcome were abstracted and analyzed.
Results Two hundred cerebral aneurysms were microsurgically clipped in 170 consecutive patients during the study period. Twenty-six (13.0%) patients harbored 60 aneurysms. The mean age of the patients was 58.5 (43–73) years. Smoking and hypertension were found in 20 (76.9%) and 16 (61.5%) patients, respectively. The majority of patients [17 (65.4%)] were in good grades at presentation. Twenty-one patients had two aneurysms, four had three aneurysms, and one patient had five aneurysms. The middle cerebral artery was the commonest (20) followed by distal anterior cerebral artery (14) and anterior communicating artery (13) involved in multiplicity. A single-stage surgery was performed on 17 patients. Serial clipping was performed in six patients. In three patients, a single aneurysm on the contralateral side was left untreated for various reasons. The favorable outcome was achieved in 23 (88.5%) patients whereas three (11.5%) patients had an unfavorable outcome. One patient died.
Conclusion The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in our series are comparable with those described in the published literature from other countries. With an individualized treatment strategy, an acceptable outcome can be achieved in the majority of the patients.
Risk Factors for Cerebral Vasospasm in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Tertiary Care Center Experience
Authors: Khan Muhammad Mohsin , Shaikh Nissar , Yousaf Zohaib , Sultan Hussain , Sadek George , Khan Adnan , Kamran Saadat , Ahmed Ayman Z. , Albanna Walid , Belkhair Sirajeddin , Ayyad Ali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives Cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of consensus on the risk factors leading to cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). In this retrospective study, our objective was to determine the association of risk factors for cerebral vasospasm aSAH.
Methods A total of 259 charts of aSAH patients consecutively admitted to the surgical intensive care unit of Hamad General Hospital from January 2007 to December 2016 were reviewed and included. The patient's demographic data, including comorbidities like hypertension (HTN), was recorded. Variables of interest included measurements of the neurological deficit on admission, the severity of SAH, treatment modality, and the initial computerized tomography scan of the head for intraventricular hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, or hydrocephalus. Multivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analyzed the relationship to identify the association of independent variables.
Results Out of the 259 patients, 34% (n = 87) suffered from cerebral vasospasm. The severity of SAH was associated with the development of cerebral vasospasm (p < 0.05). The presence of HTN and neurological deficits on admission were associated with an increased risk of cerebral vasospasm (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). Hydrocephalus requiring treatment using external ventricular drains decreased the risk of cerebral vasospasm (p < 0.05). Intraventricular and intracerebral hemorrhage were not associated with cerebral vasospasm (p = 0.25, p = 0.16). The endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms was associated with an increased risk of cerebral vasospasm (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Cerebral vasospasm is common among patients admitted with aSAH. It is significantly associated with the history of HTN, the neurological deficit on admission that corelates more strongly to the motor deficit on admission, the severity of hemorrhage (modified Fischer score), and endovascular treatment. External ventricular drainage was associated with a decrease in cerebral vasospasm. The present study's findings shed light on cerebral vasospasm's risk factors in the country and the region.
The Texas A&M University Hypervelocity Impact Laboratory: A modern aeroballistic range facility
Authors: Rogers Jacob A. , Bass Nathaniel , Mead Paul T. , Mote Aniket , Lukasik Gavin D. , Intardonato Matthew , Harrison Khari , Leaverton James D. , Kota Kalyan Raj , Wilkerson Justin W. , Reddy J. N. , Kulatilaka Waruna D. , Lacy Thomas E. 
Published: August 2022

Novel engineering materials and structures are increasingly designed for use in severe environments involving extreme transient variations in temperature and loading rates, chemically reactive flows, and other conditions. The Texas A&M University Hypervelocity Impact Laboratory (HVIL) enables unique ultrahigh-rate materials characterization, testing, and modeling capabilities by tightly integrating expertise in high-rate materials behavior, computational and polymer chemistry, and multi-physics multiscale numerical algorithm development, validation, and implementation. The HVIL provides a high-throughput test bed for development and tailoring of novel materials and structures to mitigate hypervelocity impacts (HVIs). A conventional, 12.7 mm, smooth bore, two-stage light gas gun (2SLGG) is being used as the aeroballistic range launcher to accelerate single and simultaneously launched projectiles to velocities in the range 1.5–7.0 km/s. The aeroballistic range is combined with conventional and innovative experimental, diagnostic, and modeling capabilities to create a unique HVI and hypersonic test bed. Ultrahigh-speed imaging (10M fps), ultrahigh-speed schlieren imaging, multi-angle imaging, digital particle tracking, flash x-ray radiography, nondestructive/destructive inspection, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and other techniques are being used to characterize HVIs and study interactions between hypersonic projectiles and suspended aerosolized particles. Additionally, an overview of 65 2SLGG facilities operational worldwide since 1990 is provided, which is the most comprehensive survey published to date. The HVIL aims to (i) couple recent theoretical developments in shock physics with advances in numerical methods to perform HVI risk assessments of materials and structures, (ii) characterize environmental effects (water, ice, dust, etc.) on hypersonic vehicles, and (iii) address key high-rate materials and hypersonics research problems.
Temporal-offset dual-comb vibrometer with picometer axial precision
Authors: Iwasaki A. , Nishikawa D. , Okano M. , Tateno S. , Yamanoi K. , Nozaki Y. , Watanabe S. 
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a dual-comb vibrometer where the pulses of one frequency-comb are split into pulse pairs. We introduce a delay between two pulses of each pulse pair in front of the sample, and after the corresponding two consecutive reflections at the vibrating sample surface, the initially introduced delay is canceled by a modified Sagnac geometry. The remaining phase difference between the two pulses corresponds to the change in the axial position of the surface during the two consecutive reflections. The Sagnac geometry reduces the effect of phase jitter since both pulses propagate through nearly the same optical path (in opposite directions), and spurious signals are eliminated by time gating. We determine the amplitude of surface vibration on a surface-acoustic-wave device with an axial precision of 4 pm. This technique enables the highly accurate determination of extremely small displacements.
Mining, capital and dispossession in post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Zamchiya Phillan 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTSome Marxist political economists use accumulation by dispossession to explain processes in which natural resources are enclosed and their users dispossessed through extra-economic means. However, accumulation by dispossession takes an overly omnibus and materialistic approach in trying to cover a wide range of global processes. This article therefore distils accumulation by dispossession’s three central features of coercion, non-voluntary consent and corruption to enhance its local explanatory power of material and incorporeal dispossession in post-apartheid South Africa. This approach magnifies how a triumvirate of traditional leaders, state officials and Ivanplats platinum mine dispossessed people living on customary land in Limpopo, with detrimental effects.
Flat FLRW Universe in logarithmic symmetric teleparallel gravity with observational constraints
Authors: Koussour M , Shekh S H , Hanin A , Sakhi Z , Bhoyer S R , Bennai M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the homogeneous and isotropic flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker Universe in the logarithmic form of

f

Q

gravity, where Q is the non-metricity scalar, specifically,

f

Q

=
α
+
β

log

Q

, where α and β are free model parameters. In this study, we consider a parametrization of the Hubble parameter as

H

z

=
η

(

z
+
1

)

−
γ

+
1

, where γ and η are model/free parameters which are constrained by an R
2-test from 57 points of the Hubble datasets in the redshift range 0.07 < z < 2.36. Further, we investigate the physical properties of the model. We analyze the energy conditions to check the compatibility of the model. We found the strong energy condition is violated for the logarithmic form of

f

Q

gravity due to the reality that the Universe in an accelerating phase. Finally, we discuss some important cosmological parameters in this context to compare our model with dark energy models such as jerk parameter and statefinder parameters.