bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientists’ productivity in science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM), and medicine fields
Authors: Heo Seulkee , Chan Alisha Yee , Diaz Peralta Pedro , Jin Lan , Pereira Nunes Claudia Ribeiro , Bell Michelle L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile studies suggested adverse impacts of COVID-19 on scientific outputs and work routines for scientists, more evidence is required to understand detailed obstacles challenging scientists’ work and productivity during the pandemic, including how different people are affected (e.g., by gender). This online survey-based thematic analysis investigated how the pandemic affected scientists’ perception of scientific and academic productivity in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and medicine fields. The analysis examined if inequitable changes in duties and responsibilities for caregiving for children, family, and/or households exist between scientists who are mothers compared to scientists who are fathers or non-parents. The survey collected data from 2548 survey responses in six languages across 132 countries. Results indicate that many scientists suffered from delays and restrictions on research activities and administrations due to the lockdown of institutions, as well as increased workloads from adapting to online teaching environment. Caregiving responsibility for children and family increased, which compromised time for academic efforts, especially due to the temporary shutdown of social supports. Higher percentages of female parent participants than male parent participants expressed such increased burdens indicating unequal divisions of caregiving between women and men. A range of physical and mental health issues was identified mainly due to overworking and isolation. Despite numerous obstacles, some participants reported advantages during the pandemic including the efficiency of online teaching, increased funding for COVID-related research, application of alternative research methodologies, and fluidity of the workday from not commuting. Findings imply the need for rapid institutional support to aid various academic activities and diminish gender inequity in career development among academicians, highlighting how crisis can exacerbate existing inequalities.
A predictive SO(10) model
Authors: Lazarides George , Maji Rinku , Roshan Rishav , Shafi Qaisar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We discuss some testable predictions of a non-supersymmetric SO(10) model supplemented
by a Peccei-Quinn symmetry. We utilize a symmetry breaking pattern of SO(10) that yields
unification of the Standard Model gauge couplings, with the unification scale also linked to
inflation driven by an SO(10) singlet scalar field with a Coleman-Weinberg potential. Proton
decay mediated by the superheavy gauge bosons may be observable at the proposed Hyper-Kamiokande
experiment. Due to an unbroken Z
2 gauge symmetry from SO(10), the model predicts the presence
of a stable intermediate mass fermion which, together with the axion, provides the desired relic
abundance of dark matter. The model also predicts the presence of intermediate scale topologically
stable monopoles and strings that survive inflation. The monopoles may be present in the Universe
at an observable level. We estimate the stochastic gravitational wave background emitted by the
strings and show that it should be testable in a number of planned and proposed space and land
based experiments. Finally, we show how the observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe is realized
via non-thermal leptogenesis.
Deuteron under strong magnetic fields: Skyrme model study*
Authors: Chen Yan-jun , Wei Jiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We explore the deuteron under strong magnetic fields in Skyrme models. The effects of the derivative dependent sextic term in the Skyrme Lagrangian are investigated, and the rational map approximation is used to describe the deuteron. The influences of strong magnetic fields on the electric charge distribution and mass of the deuteron are discussed.
Exploring HVV amplitudes with CP violation using decomposition and the on-shell scattering amplitude method*
Authors: Feng 冯 Ke-Yao 柯尧 , Wan 万 Xia 霞 , Wang 王 You-Kai 由凯 , Wu 邬 Chao 超 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

violation may play an important role in baryogenesis in the early universe and should be examined comprehensively at colliders. We study the

properties of

vertexes between Higgs and gauge boson pairs by defining a

violation phase angle ξ, which indicates the mixture of

-even and

-odd Higgs states in

in new physics. A series of

amplitudes,

, and

, with a

phase angle are studied systematically to explicitly explain why

violation can only be probed independently in the

process. We obtain a novel amplitude decomposition relation that illustrates that if two preconditions (multilinear momentum dependent vertexes, and the current

of

is formally proportional to a photon's polarization vector) are satisfied, a higher-point amplitude can be decomposed into a summation of a series of lower-point amplitudes. As a practical example, the amplitude of the

and

processes can be decomposed into a summation of many

amplitudes. We calculate these amplitudes in the framework of the on-shell scattering amplitude method, considering both massless and massive vector gauge bosons with the

violation phase angle. The above two approaches provide consistent results and clearly reveal the

violation ξ dependence in the amplitudes.
RAMP: response-aware multi-task learning with contrastive regularization for cancer drug response prediction
Authors: Lee Kanggeun , Cho Dongbin , Jang Jinho , Choi Kang , Jeong Hyoung-oh , Seo Jiwon , Jeong Won-Ki , Lee Semin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The accurate prediction of cancer drug sensitivity according to the multiomics profiles of individual patients is crucial for precision cancer medicine. However, the development of prediction models has been challenged by the complex crosstalk of input features and the resistance-dominant drug response information contained in public databases. In this study, we propose a novel multidrug response prediction framework, response-aware multitask prediction (RAMP), via a Bayesian neural network and restrict it by soft-supervised contrastive regularization. To utilize network embedding vectors as representation learning features for heterogeneous networks, we harness response-aware negative sampling, which applies cell line–drug response information to the training of network embeddings. RAMP overcomes the prediction accuracy limitation induced by the imbalance of trained response data based on the comprehensive selection and utilization of drug response features. When trained on the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer dataset, RAMP achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve &gt; 89%, an area under the precision-recall curve &gt; 59% and an $\textrm{F}_1$ score &gt; 52% and outperformed previously developed methods on both balanced and imbalanced datasets. Furthermore, RAMP predicted many missing drug responses that were not included in the public databases. Our results showed that RAMP will be suitable for the high-throughput prediction of cancer drug sensitivity and will be useful for guiding cancer drug selection processes. The Python implementation for RAMP is available at https://github.com/hvcl/RAMP.
Ovarian inflammation mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 increased transcripts of maternal effect genes and decreased embryo development
Authors: Ermisch Alison F , Bidne Katie L , Kurz Scott G , Bochantin Kerri A , Wood Jennifer R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Obese women are subfertile and have reduced assisted reproduction success, which may be due to reduced oocyte competence. We hypothesize that consumption of a high-fat/high-sugar diet induces ovarian inflammation, which is a primary contributor to decreased oocyte quality and pre-implantation embryo development. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 (B6) mice with a normal inflammatory response and C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice with a dampened inflammatory response due to dysfunctional Toll-like receptor 4 were fed either normal chow or high-fat/high-sugar diet. In both B6 and C3H females, high-fat/high-sugar diet induced excessive adiposity and hyperglycemia compared to normal chow-fed counterparts. Conversely, ovarian CD68 levels and oocyte expression of oxidative stress markers were increased when collected from B6 high-fat/high-sugar but not C3H high-fat/high-sugar mice. Following in vitro fertilization of in vivo matured oocytes, blastocyst development was decreased in B6-high-fat/high-sugar but not C3H high-fat/high-sugar mice. Expression of cumulus cell markers of oocyte quality were altered in both B6 high-fat/high-sugar and C3H high-fat/high-sugar. However, there were no diet-dependent differences in spindle abnormalities in either B6 or C3H mice, suggesting potential defects in cytoplasmic maturation. Indeed, there were significant increases in the abundance of maternal effect gene mRNAs in oocytes from only B6 high-fat/high-sugar mice. These differentially expressed genes encode proteins of the subcortical maternal complex and associated with mRNA metabolism and epigenetic modifications. These genes regulate maternal mRNA degradation at oocyte maturation, mRNA clearance at the zygotic genome activation, and methylation of imprinted genes suggesting a mechanism by which inflammation induced oxidative stress impairs embryo development.
Emission characteristics of flue gas during the chemical-looping combustion process for multi-component solid waste
Authors: Qian Jiang-Bo , Wang Xin-Lei , Wang Jin-Xing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Solid waste has interactions with its flue-gas products during combustion, which offers the possibility of regulating its pollutant emissions. Especially, these interaction pathways would be clearer under anaerobic conditions when the chemical-looping combustion (CLC) process is used. The CLC experiments of multi-component solid waste were conducted on a homemade twin-bed reactor and the characteristics of flue gas were investigated for the effect of the mixing ratio of sewage sludge and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The results indicated that the combustion efficiency was &gt;99.9% for these CLC processes; the highest carbon-conversion rate was obtained at 96.3% for PVC with 60% sludge. The highest NO and SO2 emissions were 26% and 19%, respectively, when the sludge was mixed with 20% PVC. As the proportion of PVC blended into the sludge increased, the time when the concentration of NO in the flue-gas peaks moved backwards, while peak SO2 concentration moved forward. The general trend was to increase first and then decrease. In addition, there were multiple peaks in carbon emissions, corresponding to ~10%, 30% and ~70% of the carbon-conversion rate; nitrogen emissions reached 90% of total emissions before the carbon-conversion rate was 40%; sulphur emissions had a longer cycle and were mainly emitted between 10% and 60% of the carbon-conversion rate. The results are expected to provide a reference for solid-waste source suppressing to inhibit the generation of pollutants.
A magnetoencephalography study of first-time mothers listening to infant cries
Authors: Hoegholt N F , Bonetti L , Stevner A B A , Andersen C E , Hughes M , Fernandes H M , Vuust P , Kringelbach M L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Studies using magnetoencephalography (MEG) have identified the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) to be an important early hub for a “parental instinct” in the brain. This complements the finding from functional magnetic resonance imaging studies linking reward, emotion regulation, empathy, and mentalization networks to the “parental brain.” Here, we used MEG in 43 first-time mothers listening to infant and adult cry vocalizations to investigate the link with mother–infant postpartum bonding scores and their level of sleep deprivation (assessed using both actigraphy and sleep logs). When comparing brain responses to infant versus adult cry vocalizations, we found significant differences at around 800–1,000 ms after stimuli onset in the primary auditory cortex, superior temporal gyrus, hippocampal areas, insula, precuneus supramarginal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and posterior cingulate gyrus. Importantly, mothers with weaker bonding scores showed decreased brain responses to infant cries in the auditory cortex, middle and superior temporal gyrus, OFC, hippocampal areas, supramarginal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus at around 100–300 ms after the stimulus onset. In contrast, we did not find correlations with sleep deprivation scores. The significant decreases in brain processing of an infant’s distress signals could potentially be a novel signature of weaker infant bonding in new mothers and should be investigated in vulnerable populations.
Probability of Response as Defined by a Clinical Decision Support Tool Is Associated With Lower Healthcare Resource Utilization in Vedolizumab-Treated Patients With Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Dulai Parambir S , Wan Yaping , Huang Zhongwen , Luo Michelle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
A previously developed clinical decision support tool (CDST) identified patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) most likely to respond to vedolizumab. This study evaluated the ability of the CDST to predict real-world healthcare resource utilization (HRU).

Methods
The Optum and Truven healthcare databases were searched for patients with CD treated with vedolizumab (Optum, n = 358; Truven, n = 1445) or an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agent (Optum, n = 814). Patients were stratified using the 5-variable (prior bowel surgery, prior fistulizing disease, prior anti-TNF exposure, albumin, C-reactive protein) and a new modified 3-variable (without laboratory data) CDST. Annualized expenditures and HRU were compared with both CDSTs across response probability groups for a 12-month period.

Results
In the Optum data set, the 5- and 3-variable CDSTs identified lower rates of surgery or hospitalization in CD patients with higher probability of vedolizumab response. Per-patient total costs were 2.5 times lower for CD patients with high versus low probability of vedolizumab response ($12 943 vs $32 931). The 5- and 3-variable CDSTs did not consistently identify anti-TNF-treated CD patients with higher HRU. The 3-variable CDST also identified vedolizumab-treated CD patients with higher probability of response and lower probability for surgery or hospitalization in the Truven data set.

Conclusions
The 5-variable CDST identified CD patients treated with vedolizumab, but not an anti-TNF agent, at higher risk for HRU. The 3-variable CDST offers similar performance but more flexibility by removing laboratory data requirements for prediction. These validated CDSTs can be integrated into population health monitoring algorithms using real-world data.
Predicting mortality in patients with anastomotic leak after esophagectomy: development of a prediction model using data from the TENTACLE—Esophagus study
Authors: Ubels Sander , Klarenbeek Bastiaan , Verstegen Moniek , Bouwense Stefan , Griffiths Ewen A , van Workum Frans , Rosman Camiel , Hannink Gerjon ,   the TENTACLE—Esophagus Collaborative Group
Published: December 2022

SummaryAnastomotic leak (AL) is a common but severe complication after esophagectomy, and over 10% of patients with AL suffer mortality. Different prognostic factors in patients with AL are known, but a tool to predict mortality after AL is lacking. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for postoperative mortality in patients with AL after esophagectomy. TENTACLE—Esophagus is an international retrospective cohort study, which included 1509 patients with AL after esophagectomy. The primary outcome was 90-day postoperative mortality. Previously identified prognostic factors for mortality were selected as predictors: patient-related (e.g. comorbidity, performance status) and leak-related predictors (e.g. leucocyte count, overall gastric conduit condition). The prediction model was developed using multivariable logistic regression and validated internally using bootstrapping. Among the 1509 patients with AL, 90-day mortality was 11.7%. Sixteen predictors were included in the prediction model. The model showed good performance after internal validation: the c-index was 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.75–0.83). Predictions for mortality by the internally validated model aligned well with observed 90-day mortality rates. The prediction model was incorporated in an online tool for individual use and can be found at: https://www.tentaclestudy.com/prediction-model. The developed prediction model combines patient-related and leak-related factors to accurately predict postoperative mortality in patients with AL after esophagectomy. The model is useful for clinicians during counselling of patients and their families and may aid identification of high-risk patients at diagnosis of AL. In the future, the tool may guide clinical decision-making; however, external validation of the tool is warranted.
Long-term fear of cancer recurrence in patients treated endoscopically for early Barrett’s neoplasia
Authors: Rosmolen Wilda D , Pouw Roos E , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I , Bergman Jacques J , Sprangers Mirjam A , Nieuwkerk Pythia T 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Previous studies on fear of cancer recurrence after endoscopic treatment for early Barrett’s neoplasia focused on fear during a relatively short period after the intervention. The aim of this study was to explore whether fear of cancer (recurrence) persists during long-term follow-up in patients treated endoscopically for Barrett’s neoplasia compared to patients treated surgically for a more advanced stage of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Participants previously participated in a prospective longitudinal study investigating quality of life and fear of cancer recurrence and were treated endoscopically for early Barrett’s neoplasia (high-grade dysplasia—T1sm1N0M0) or surgically for a more advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (T1N0M0–T3N1M0). For the present study, participants were again invited to complete a set of questionnaires including the fear of cancer recurrence scale (FORS), worry for cancer scale (WOCS), and the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS Anxiety). Thirty-nine patients were eligible in the endoscopy group and 28 in the surgical group. The median time between the baseline measurement (original study) and the long-term follow-up assessment was 4 years (interquartile range 3–5 years). Fear and worry for cancer recurrence and general anxiety diminished over time in both treatment groups. However, at long-term follow-up, endoscopically treated patients had significantly higher levels of worry for cancer and general anxiety than surgically treated patients. Fear of cancer recurrence did not significantly differ between endoscopically and surgically treated patients. We found that worry and fear of cancer recurrence and general anxiety in endoscopically treated patients declined over time, but not as much as in surgically treated patients.
Waiting times of women vs. men undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Stehli Julia , Johnston Rozanne , Duffy Stephen J , Zaman Sarah , Gusberti Tomoe D H , Dagan Misha , Stub Dion , Walton Antony 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
Increasing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) rates have resulted in prolonged waiting times. These have been associated with heart failure hospitalizations (HFH) and mortality yet sex differences have not yet been reported.

Methods and results
All patients who underwent TAVI for severe aortic stenosis at a tertiary referral hospital in Australia were prospectively included. Total waiting time was divided into ‘work-up’ waiting time (period from referral date until heart team approval) and, ‘procedural’ waiting time (period from heart team approval until procedure date). Patients were analysed according to sex. Cohorts were matched to correct for differences in baseline and procedural variables. The primary endpoints were waiting times. Secondary outcomes included a composite of 30-day mortality and HFH, quality of life, and mobility. A total of 407 patients (42% women) were included. After matching of the two cohorts (345 patients), women had significantly longer total waiting times than men: median 156 [interquartile range (IQR) 114–220] days in women vs. 147 [IQR 92–204] days in men (P = 0.037) including longer work-up (83 [IQR 50–128] vs. 71 [IQR 36–119], P = 0.15) and procedural waiting times (65 [IQR 44–100] vs. 58 [IQR 30–93], P = 0.042). Increasing waiting times were associated with higher 30-day mortality and HFH (P = 0.01 for work-up waiting time, P = 0.02 for procedural waiting time) and decreased 30-day mobility (P = 0.044 for procedural waiting time) in women, but not in men.

Conclusion
TAVI waiting times are significantly longer in women compared to men and are associated with increased mortality and HFH and reduced mobility at 30-days.
Languages in the primary classroom: teachers’ views and practices
Authors: Copland Fiona , Garton Sue , Barnett Camilla 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article draws on data from a British Council-funded project which aimed both to compare global early English language learning (EELL) pedagogic practices in 2020 with those in 2010 and to investigate current EELL teaching and learning in primary schools. The project had an explicit focus on classroom language practice, that is, the languages teachers (and learners) use to deliver and learn English content, a key pedagogic concern in the literature. This article first compares survey data on classroom language use in 2010 and 2020 before presenting a more in-depth consideration of the 2020 data from fourteen case studies to give an overview of current classroom language practices.
A Combined Intervention of Aerobic Exercise and Video Game in Older Adults: The Efficacy and Neural Basis on Improving Mnemonic Discrimination
Authors: Cui Xiaoyu , Gui Wenjun , Miao Jingwen , Liu Xiaomei , Zhu Xinyi , Zheng Zhiwei , Wan Wenyu , Shao Qi , Kray Jutta , Jiang Yang , Li Juan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Mnemonic discrimination is very vulnerable to aging. Previous studies have reported that aerobic exercise and enriched cognitive stimulation (e.g., video games) could improve mnemonic discrimination in older adults. The animal model suggested that combining the 2 training methods could result in a larger improvement. However, there is limited evidence on the potential superior efficacy of combined intervention with human participants. Moreover, the neural basis of this potential superior is poorly understood.

Methods
We conducted a 16-week intervention trial with 98 community-dwelling older adults assigned to one of the four groups (combined training, aerobic cycling alone, video game alone, or passive control). Mnemonic discrimination was measured as the primary behavioral outcome, hippocampal volume, and functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) were measured as neural indicators.

Results
Participants receiving the combined intervention demonstrated the largest effect size of mnemonic discrimination improvement. Magnetic resonance image results indicated aerobic exercising increased left hippocampal volume, while video-game training counteracted the decline of DMN functional connectivity with aging. The synergy of hippocampal structural and functional plasticity observed in the combined training group explained why the largest intervention benefits were obtained by this group.

Conclusion
Despite the nonrandomized design (i.e., likely self-selection bias), our results provide new evidence that combined intervention of exercise and cognitive training is more effective than single intervention for older adults. Parallel to animal studies, aerobic exercise and the video game with enriched cognitive stimulation could induce hippocampal plasticity through separate structural and functional pathways.

Clinical Trials Registration Number
ChiCTR1900022702