bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moment Estimators of Relatedness From Low-Depth Whole-Genome Sequencing Data
Authors: Herzig Anthony Francis , Ciullo Marina , Leutenegger Anne-Louise , Perdry Hervé , Consortium FranceGenRef 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background.
Estimating relatedness is an important step for many genetic study designs. A variety of methods for estimating coefficients of pairwise relatedness from genotype data have been proposed. Both the kinship coefficient and the fraternity coefficient for all pairs of individuals are of interest. However, when dealing with low-depth sequencing or imputation data, individual level genotypes cannot be confidently called. To ignore such uncertainty is known to result in biased estimates. Accordingly, methods have recently been developed to estimate kinship from uncertain genotypes.
Results.
We present new method-of-moment estimators of both the coefficients and calculated directly from genotype likelihoods. We have simulated low-depth genetic data for a sample of individuals with extensive relatedness by using the complex pedigree of the known genetic isolates of Cilento in South Italy. Through this simulation, we explore the behaviour of our estimators, demonstrate their properties, and show advantages over alternative methods. A demonstration of our method is given for a sample of 150 French individuals with down-sampled sequencing data.
Conclusions.
We find that our method can provide accurate relatedness estimates whilst holding advantages over existing methods in terms of robustness, independence from external software, and required computation time. The method presented in this paper is referred to LowKi (Low-depth Kinship) and has been made available in an R package (https://github.com/genostats/LowKi).
No impact of psychosocial stress on glioblastoma development
Authors: Durrechou Quentin , Engelhardt Julien , Jecko Vincent , Domblides Charlotte , Catry-Thomas Isabelle , Loiseau Hugues , Planchon Charlotte , De Grimal Sandrine , BRONNIMANN Charlotte 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
No impact of psychosocial stress on development of glioblastomaPurpose: Psychosocial stress represents an important source of questions in the potential implication of origin of cancer. The aim of the study was to assess stress prevalence prior to diagnosis of wild-type IDH glioblastoma.Methods: This prospective single-center study enrolled consecutive new cases of wild-type IDH glioblastoma diagnosed between December 2019 and March 2021 at the University Hospital of Bordeaux. A standardized patient self-assessment stress questionnaire explored both the presence of stressor exposure and the intensity of patient stress level prior to the diagnosis. Four groups were included: high stressors/high stress, high stressors/low stress, low stressors/low stress, and low stressors/high stress. Patient characteristics were collected. Statistical analysis was based on the Chi-square test and the Kaplan-Meier survival estimator.Results: Sixty-four patients with a median age of 66 years were included. Glioblastoma involved predominantly the frontal lobe (39%). Thirty-six patients (56.3%) presented a low stressor/low stress profile. Stress corresponded mainly to the death of a loved one or to family health problems. Among working professionals, 20 patients (67.5%) reported low-intensity work stress. A history of depression was found in 30%. Progression-free survival at 6 months was 45.3% and median overall survival was estimated to be 16.5 months. Level and presence of stress did not differ based on location of tumour. No association was found between stress and tumour progression or overall survival.Conclusion: A majority of patients in this study had low exposure to stressors as well as low stress level. Psychological stress did not seem to favour the emergence of glioblastoma or survival.
Analysis of Wear Mechanisms and Chip Morphology During Machining of Tool Steel Using TiAlSiCrN-Coated WC-Co Ball end Mills
Authors: Ahmed Farooq , Kumaran S. Thirumalai , Ahmad Furqan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Machining of difficult-to-cut materials with high surface quality is a challenging task that requires a precise machining approach with an efficient cutting tool. Among the tool performance evaluation parameters, rate of wear, chip morphology and surface quality are the vital aspects to establish a relationship between the input conditions and the machining quality. In this study, tool geometrical parameters i.e. rake, clearance and helix angles were selected to analyse the effect of geometry on wear behavior and the chip morphology during the ball end milling of tool steel. Increase in rate of wear with machining length was analysed based on the different tool geometry combinations. Tool geometry with rake angle 3°, clearance angle 10° and helix angle 32° was found to have least wear length at 56μm. The study provides basis for the selection of geometry parameters considering the wear mechanisms and the chip morphology. The influence of the change in tool geometry on surface quality was also analysed and reported.
Attainment of Favorable Microstructure for Residual Stress Reduction Through High-Temperature Heat Treatment on Additive Manufactured Inconel 718 Alloy
Authors: Kumar Vijayakumar Praveen , Jebaraj Alfred Vinoth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The mitigation of residual stress in additive manufactured metal parts through post-heat treatment helps to enhance life during service. The present work aims to investigate the effect of the high-temperature heat treatment at 1065°C on microstructural changes, residual stress patterns, and hardness of Inconel 718 metal blocks fabricated through the Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. The non-destructive X-ray diffraction technique known as cos α method was used to measure the surface residual stress by capturing the Debye ring. It was found that the existence of columnar dendrites with laves phases in the interdendritic region along the building direction was dissolved after heat treatment. The resultant microstructure showed homogeneous equiaxed grains with the formation of annealing twins along with strengthening phases (γ’ and γ’’) and tiny metal carbides on the grain boundaries. Further, the residual stress magnitude in the as-built sample was found to be 77% higher on the corners compared to the center region of the top surface. The average value of residual stress on the top surface was found to be 35.5% lesser than the lateral side surface of the sample. It was observed that the distribution of residual stress is not uniform in as-built condition. The heat-treated sample showed uniform distribution of compressive residual stresses in all the locations. This phenomenon happened due to the increase in diffusion of atoms present in the high-stress regions migrated to low-stress regions till attain their equilibrium condition. During this action, the stresses present in the grain interiors were altered considerably and resulted in complete recrystallization with the precipitation of more strengthening phases and annealing twins. The high-temperature post-heat treatment also affects the hardness leads to 23.03% increase in average microhardness mainly induced resistance to dislocation motion by precipitation of strengthening phases in the γ matrix.
On the Injectivity of an Integral Operator Connected to Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Adam Dumitru 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In 1993, using the Beurling equivalent formulation of the RH ([3]),Alcantara-Bode proved ([2]): the RH holds if and only if the integraloperator on the Hilbert space L2(0; 1) having the kernel function defined by the fractional part of (y/x), is injective.Since then, the injectivity of this integral operator has not beenaddressed even if the investigation of the injectivity of this operatorcould be made out of context, by other means than of pure mathematics. In line with this observation is our approach using the operator approximations on a dense family of subspaces on separable Hilbert spaces in order to address its injectivity.One of the results obtained in this paper, Theorem 2.1 states that given an linear, bounded operator strict positive definite on a dense family of subspaces, having its sequence of injectivity parameters bounded inferior by a strict positive constant, is injective. (The parameters are the inverse condition numbers of the operator restrictions on the family of the subspaces.)Using a version of this theorem on L2(0; 1) we proved (Theorem4.1) the injectivity of the integral operator used by Alcantara-Bode in[2] for his equivalent formulation of RH.
Nutritional Relationships and Accumulation Capacity of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea var. Italica) Grown Under the Stress Caused by Some Heavy Metals Seen in Agricultural Areas
Authors: ADİLOĞLU Sevinç 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Agricultural soils lose their properties as a result of pollution caused by traffic, industry, agricultural activities, and urban activities. Among various techniques for the remediation of agricultural soils, phytoremediation is the most cost effective and applicable technique. Phyto extraction technique of phytoremediation has been applied with broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in this study to remediate some heavy metals (Cd, Cr, and Pb). The study was carried out in controlled conditions in pots according to randomized blocks design using three replicates. Cadmium was applied as only cadmium (30 mg/kg), and together with a chelator as Cd (30 mg/kg) + EDTA, in triplicates. Chromium was applied as only chromium (10 mg/kg), and together with a chelator as Cr (10 mg/kg) +EDTA. Similarly, lead was applied as only lead (100 mg/kg), and together with a chelator as Pb (100 mg/kg) + EDTA. After 30 days of incubation, one broccoli was cultivated in each pot. Plants were harvested after 2 months of experimental period. Agro-morphological traits of the plants were measured. Some macro and micro nutrient elements and Cd, Cr and Pb elemental analyses were carried out from root and shoot pf the plants. Among the agro-morphological traits, plant wet weight was the highest in lead applied pots. This was statistically significant at 5% and they fell into different groups with control pots according to Duncan test. The highest root and shoot dry weights were detected in lead and chromium applied pots. Changes in chlorophyll contents were found to be statistically insignificant. The highest lead, cadmium and chromium contents in the body of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) were found to be 14.0 mg/kg, 6.67 mg/kg and, 5.17 mg/kg, respectively, in the chelated applications. The order of accumulation in the root was Cr>Pb>Cd. The results revealed that this plant played a role in the remediation of lead>cadmium>chromium as a hyper accumulator plant, and broccoli grown in neutral soils could be used as a hyper accumulator plant in the phytoremediation technology.
The Characteristic of a Novel Metalloproteinase from Puccinia Helianthi
Authors: Lu Yan , Song Yang , Li Xinchun , Zhang Meng , Jing Lan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective In phytopathogenic fungi, several metalloproteinase have been implicated in virulence, but pathogenesis roles in rust are largely unknown. Here, we identified a M36 family metalloproteases from Puccina helianthi genome, designated PhMEP1, aimed to reveal the biological characteristics related to pathogenicity.Result Bioinformatics analysis showed that PhMEP1contains some of the conserved zinc-binding and active site motifs characteristics of metalloproteinase which might well be a new fungalysin-like peptidase in the M36 family. The PhMEP1 protein was over expressed as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. The recombinant expression products of PhMEP1 could hydrolyze azocasein and the hydrolytic activity was suppressed by metal ion chelating agents such as 1,10-phenanthroline and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). The subcellular localization of PhMEP1 was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy of the leaves from a 2-day-old Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings expressed PhMEP1-GFP fusion that showed green fluorescent protein (GFP) signal accumulated in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells.Conclusion PhMEP1 may serve as a pathogenicity factor contributing to P. helianthi penetration and infection.
Effects of Electron Donors and Acceptors on Cr(VI) Removal in Biotic Fe0 Columns Preloaded with Microorganisms
Authors: Li Weiquan , Li Mingxi , Yin Weizhao , Lv Sihao , Zhong Jiawei , Li Ping , Deng Hong , Wu Jinhua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The removal of Cr(VI) from groundwater by zero-valent iron (Fe0) and microorganisms under different nutrients and electron-accepting conditions was investigated using continuously-flowed column reactors with an abiotic Fe0 column as the control. Both abiotic and biotic Fe0 columns were operated at low and relatively high concentrations of organic substrates (sodium acetate and humic acid) and electron acceptors (nitrate and sulfate). Sodium acetate and humic acid were found to be effective substrates for the biotic Fe0 system to remove Cr(VI) since microorganisms were able to gain extra reducing capacity from two nutrients and simultaneously avoid the passivation effect of humic acids on Fe0 by metabolizing them. For nitrate and sulfate, varied influences were observed in the biotic Fe0 system. The former showed apparent inhibition on Cr(VI) removal as it competed with Cr(VI) for electrons, and the inhibition became more severe while nitrate concentrations increased. Differently, highly reactive minerals such as green rusts and iron sulfide could be generated on the biotic Fe0 surface under sulfate-reducing conditions. They significantly enhanced Cr(VI) removal by providing more adsorptive and reductive sites. Overall, though the biotic Fe0 column exhibited a longer life-span and higher Cr(VI) removal capacity than the abiotic Fe0 column, the effects of organic substrates and electron acceptors should still be taken into account when applying biotic Fe0 systems for Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater remediation.
Clinical Observations on Infliximab Treatment of Infantile Onset Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Kang Min , Lai Jianming , Zhang Dan , Xu Yingjie , Zhu Jia , Li Ming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

To study short-term clinical effectiveness and safety of infliximab (IFX) treatment of infants with Takayasu arteritis (TA).
Methods

We investigated the therapeutic effectiveness of IFX in 10 infantile TA in a retrospective case series. Evaluation included assessment of clinical symptoms, laboratory testing, and vascular imaging.
Results

Fever was the presenting symptom for 8 of 10 infants with TA. In the acute episode, leucocyte and inflammatory indices increased significantly. Vascular imaging showed that the most commonly-involved arteries were carotid arteries, abdominal aortas, and coronary arteries (9 cases, 90%). Two weeks after IFX treatment, leukocyte and platelet counts decreased, and hemoglobin levels increased. There were significant clinical differences 6 weeks after treatment compared with before treatment (p<0.05). Inflammatory indices decreased significantly 2 weeks after starting IFX treatment compared with before treatment (p<0.05). Vascular lesions began to recover within 1.5-3 months of initiating IFX therapy, and the involved vessels significantly recovered within 13 months. Some arteries remained stenotic, intimal thickening and uneven lumen wall thickness.
Conclusions

TA is rare in infancy. Fever may be the main manifestation of illness, often accompanied by significantly increased inflammatory indices. Early use of IFX appears to be effective, significantly decreasing inflammatory markers and improving clinical features, leading to partial remission of vascular lesions and sustain remissions for some infants. Use of IFX reduced or eliminated need for glucocorticoids. IFX has a reasonable safety profile and does not appear to affect normal growth and development of infants with TA.
Distinct Dyadic Quality of Life Profiles Among Advanced Lung Cancer Patient-Caregiver Dyads: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Wang Hui , Deng Tiantian , Cao Cong , Feng Danjun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to identify the heterogeneity of dyadic quality of life (QoL) profiles, determine whether these profiles differ in terms of demographic and medical factors, neuroticism, resilience, and family functioning, and explore the combined effect of patient and caregiver neuroticism, resilience, and family functioning on dyadic QoL profiles.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 304 advanced lung cancer patient-caregiver dyads enrolled from radiotherapy and chemotherapy departments at three tertiary hospitals. Self-report questionnaires were administered to patient-caregiver dyads to assess demographic and medical characteristics, neuroticism, resilience, family functioning and QoL.
Results
The latent profile analysis identified four subgroups of dyadic QoL: patient low-caregiver high profile (38.82%), patient high-caregiver high profile (22.37%), patient high-caregiver low profile (19.74%), and patient low-caregiver low profile (19.08%). Additionally, when both patients and their caregivers had a high level of neuroticism or low level of resilience, and low family functioning, compared with only member having them, there was a higher risk of poorer dyadic QoL.
Conclusions
Our study identified the four heterogeneities of dyadic QoL profiles among advanced lung cancer patient-caregiver dyads. Future dyadic interventions should consider the heterogeneity of dyadic QoL in this population and prioritize patient-caregiver dyads who are at risk of poor dyadic QoL. Furthermore, when high neuroticism, low resilience, or family functioning coexist between patients and their caregivers, both parties exhibit much lower dyadic QoL.
Tracing the Origins of Glioblastoma by Investigating the Role of Gliogenic and Related Neurogenic Genes/Signaling Pathways in GBM Development: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shafi Ovais , Siddiqui Ghazia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumors. The etiology and the factors determining its onset are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the origins of GBM and for this purpose it focuses primarily on developmental gliogenic processes. It also focuses on impact of the related neurogenic developmental processes in glioblastoma oncogenesis. It also addresses why glial cells are at more risk of tumor development compared to neurons.Methods: Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving glioblastoma, gliogenesis, neurogenesis, stemness, neural stem cells, gliogenic signaling and pathways, neurogenic signaling and pathways, astrocytogenic genes. Results: The origin of GBM is dependent on dysregulation in multiple genes and pathways that accumulatively converge the cells towards oncogenesis. There are multiple layers of steps in glioblastoma oncogenesis including the failure of cell fate specific genes to keep the cells differentiated in their specific cell type such as p300, BMP, HOPX, NRSF/REST and others. There are genes and signaling pathways that are involved in differentiation and also contribute to GBM such as FGFR3, JAK-STAT, hey1 and others. The genes that contribute to differentiation processes but also contribute to stemness in GBM include notch, Sox9, Sox4, c-myc gene overrides p300 and then GFAP, leading to upregulation of nestin, SHH, NF-κB and others. GBM mutations pathologically impact the cell circuitry such as the interaction between Sox2 and JAK-STAT pathway, resulting in GBM development and progression.Conclusion: Glioblastoma originates when the gene expression of key gliogenic genes and signaling pathways become dysregulated. This study identifies key gliogenic genes having the ability to control oncogenesis in glioblastoma cells, including p300, BMP, PAX6, HOPX, NRSF/REST, LIF, TGF beta. It also identifies key neurogenic genes having the ability to control oncogenesis including PAX6, neurogenins including Ngn1, NeuroD1, NeuroD4, Numb, NKX6-1 Ebf, Myt1, ASCL1 and others. This study also postulates how aging contributes to the onset of glioblastoma by dysregulating the gene expression of NF-κB, REST/NRSF, ERK, AKT, EGFR and others.
Changes in Causes of Maternal Mortality in Zimbabwe 2007-08 to 2018-19: Findings From Two Reproductive Age Mortality Surveys
Authors: Musarandega Reuben , Ngwenya Solwayo , Murewanhema Grant , Machekano Rhoderick , Magwali Thulani , Nyström Lennarth , Pattinson Robert , Munjanja Stephen Peter , Nyakura Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Reducing maternal mortality is a priority of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1 which requires frequent epidemiological analysis of trends, patterns and causes of maternal deaths. We conducted two reproductive age mortality surveys (RAMOS) to analyse the epidemiology of maternal mortality in Zimbabwe; assessing changes in the causes of death between 2007-08 and 2018-19. Methods: We collected data for deaths among women of reproductive ages (WRAs), and pregnancy-related deaths (PRDs) in 11 districts using multi-stage cluster and simple random sampling. We calculated mortality incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) per 10000 WRA with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in ICD-10 groups. We calculated IR and IRR (per 10000 births) for PRDs with 95% CIs in ICD-MM groups. We also calculated maternal mortality ratios (MMR), per 100 000 live births, for selected causes of PRDs.Results: We identified 6188 deaths among WRAs and 325 PRDs in 2007-08, and 1856 and 137 respectively in 2018-19. Mortality in WRAs decreased by 81% in certain infectious or parasitic diseases, by 82% in diseases of the respiratory system, and by 79% in diseases of the digestive system. Pregnancy-related deaths from direct causes decreased by 61% and deaths from indirect causes by 84%. HIV/AIDS-related deaths decreased by 81% in WRAs and by 91% in pregnant women. However, direct causes of death still had a three-fold MMR (151 deaths) than indirect causes (51 deaths per 100 000), and obstetric haemorrhage alone had equal MMR as all indirect causes in 2018-19. Conclusion: HIV-related mortality has declined significantly in Zimbabwe in WRAs and pregnant women, though it is still an important cause of death. Zimbabwe has also reduced pregnancy-related deaths from direct causes significantly, through multipronged interventions. The focus is to improve coverage and quality of antenatal care to reduce deaths from indirect causes, and increase access to emergency obstetric care to further reduce deaths from the direct causes.
Loss of Zfp335 triggers cGAS/STING-dependent apoptosis of post-β selection pre-T cells
Authors: Ratiu Jeremy , Barclay William , Wang Qun , Wellford Sebastian , Mehta Naren , Harnois Melissa , DiPalma Devon , Roy Sumedha , Contreras Alejandra , Shinohara Mari , Wiest David , Zhuang Yuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Production of a diverse peripheral T cell compartment requires massive expansion of the bone marrow progenitors that seed the thymus. There are two main phases of expansion during T cell development, following T lineage commitment at the DN2 stage and following successful rearrangement and selection for functional TCRβ chains in DN3 thymocytes, which promotes development of DN4 cells to the DP stage. Signals driving expansion of DN2 thymocytes are well studied, however, factors regulating the proliferation and survival of DN4 cells remain poorly understood. Here, we uncover an unexpected link between the transcription factor Zfp335 and control of cGAS/STING-dependent cell death in post-β-selection DN4 thymocytes. Zfp335 controls survival by sustaining expression of Ankle2, which suppresses cGAS/STING-dependent cell death. Together, this study identifies Zfp335 as a key transcription factor controlling the survival of proliferating post-β-selection thymocytes and demonstrates a key role for the cGAS/STING pathway driving apoptosis of developing T cells.