bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associated factors of new subjective cognitive decline complaints after a 6‐month period among community‐dwelling older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Shigeya , Saida Kosuke , Murayama Akihiko , Higuchi Daisuke , Shinohara Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the number of new subjective cognitive decline (SCD) complaints and associated factors in community‐dwelling older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan.MethodA prospective cohort study was conducted in two periods: May to June 2020, and November 2020 to January 2021. We mailed a questionnaire to 1953 older adults in the first survey, and received 700 responses in the second. We analysed 534 participants without SCD in the first survey. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics and administered the Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old‐Old (QMCOO) to assess respondents’ health condition. SCD was operationally defined using the QMCOO as reports of (1) forgetfulness, and (2) difficulty in naming dates. The subjects were divided into two groups by their condition at the second survey: an SCD (new SCD complaints) and a no‐SCD (no new SCD complaints) group.ResultsA total of 85 (15.9%) participants had new SCD complaints. The Mann–Whitney U‐test and chi‐squared test showed that the SCD group had significantly more risk factors of SCD: walking speed (P = 0.001), smoking (P = 0.001), and existence of person with whom the patient could consult when disordered (P = 0.002). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that walking speed (odds ratio (OR) = 2.115, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.259–3.553) and the presence of person to consult (OR = 3.619, 95% CI: 1.553–8.433) were significant related factors of new SCD complaints.ConclusionMaintenance of physical condition and social support were associated with new SCD complaints during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Gram‐negative bacteremia in solid organ transplant recipients: Clinical characteristics and outcomes as compared to immunocompetent non‐transplant recipients
Authors: Eichenberger Emily M. , Troy Jesse , Ruffin Felicia , Dagher Michael , Thaden Joshua T. , Ford Mandy L. , Fowler Vance G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes from Gram‐negative bacteremia (GNB) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are poorly understood.MethodsThis is a single center prospective cohort study comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SOT recipients with GNB to immunocompetent non‐SOT patients with GNB between 1/1/2002 through 12/31/2018. Outcomes of interest included incidence of septic shock, respiratory failure, and time to death. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with incidence of septic shock and respiratory failure. Time to death was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsA total of 297 SOT and 1245 immunocompetent non‐SOT patients were included. Incidence of septic shock did not significantly differ between the groups (SOT 25.3% vs. non‐SOT 24.6%, p = .8225). Overall survival did not significantly differ by transplant status (30‐day survival: SOT 76%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 70, 92, non‐SOT 74%, 95% CI 71, 77: log rank: p = .76). SOT recipients taking three immunosuppressive medications had significantly lower odds of developing septic shock or respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation than those taking ≤1 agent (shock: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.29, 95% CI 0.09, 0.90, p = .0316; respiratory failure: aOR 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.49, p = .0020).ConclusionsSOT recipients with GNB do not experience higher rates of septic shock, respiratory failure, or mortality than immnon‐SOT recipients with GNB. Among SOT recipients, a greater number of immunosuppressive medications may be associated with improved outcomes during GNB. Future studies are needed to understand the potential relationship between levels of immunosuppression and clinical outcome in SOT recipients with GNB.
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A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma or immunoglobulin treatment for people with severe respiratory viral infections due to coronaviruses or influenza
Authors: Kimber Catherine , Lamikanra Abigail A. , Geneen Louise J. , Sandercock Josie , Dorée Carolyn , Valk Sarah J. , Estcourt Lise J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the safety and effectiveness of convalescent plasma (CP) or hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIVIG) in severe respiratory disease caused by coronaviruses or influenza, in patients of all ages requiring hospital admission.MethodsWe searched multiple electronic databases for all publications to 12th October 2020, and RCTs only to 28th June 2021. Two reviewers screened, extracted, and analysed data. We used Cochrane ROB (Risk of Bias)1 for RCTs, ROBINS‐I for non‐RCTs, and GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence.ResultsData from 30 RCTs and 2 non‐RCTs showed no overall difference between groups for all‐cause mortality and adverse events in four comparisons. Certainty of the evidence was downgraded for high ROB and imprecision. (1) CP versus standard care (SoC) (20 RCTS, 2 non‐RCTs, very‐low to moderate‐high certainty); (2) CP versus biologically active control (6 RCTs, very‐low certainty); (3) hIVIG versus SoC (3 RCTs, very‐low certainty); (4) early CP versus deferred CP (1 RCT, very‐low certainty). Subgrouping by titre improved precision in one outcome (30‐day mortality) for the ‘COVID high‐titre’ category in Comparison 1 (no difference, high certainty) and Comparison 2 (favours CP, very‐low certainty). Post hoc analysis suggests a possible benefit of CP in patients testing negative for antibodies at baseline, compared with those testing positive.ConclusionA minimum titre should be established and ensured for a positive biological response to the therapy. Further research on the impact of CP/hIVIG in patients who have not yet produced antibodies to the virus would be useful to target therapies at groups who will potentially benefit the most.
Pyogenic granuloma of the cornea in a pony: Uncommon complication of corneal wound healing
Authors: Regnier Alain , Landrevie Clara , Robin Marie‐Claire , Einsweiler Delphine , Douet Jean‐Yves , Raymond‐Letron Isabelle 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 6‐year‐old miniature Shetland pony mare was referred for evaluation of a left corneal mass, which developed from the healing tissue of a corneal traumatic ulceration that had occurred 4 weeks previously. On gross examination, a spherical, smooth‐surfaced, and pink‐colored lesion of about 1 cm in diameter was protruding from the left palpebral fissure. Ophthalmic examination revealed that it was attached to the scar tissue of the cornea, and that one corpora nigra was adherent to the posterior face of corneal wounded area, without sign of uveitis. The remainder of the ophthalmic examination was unremarkable. The mass was excised, and cryotherapy was used as an adjunctive therapy. Histopathology of the resected mass was consistent with a pyogenic granuloma on the basis of radially oriented proliferating capillaries, embedded in immature granulation tissue containing an infiltrate of neutrophils, plasma cells and eosinophils. There were no histological features of malignancy. 2 months after surgery, the ventral part of the fibrotic corneal scar was slightly raised by a pink tissue, suggesting possible recurrence of the initial lesion. A second cryotherapy was performed over the leukoma area. No recurrence has been noted for a follow‐up period of more than 25 months. Pyogenic granuloma is a benign proliferative fibrovascular response that typically develops after trauma or surgery. Corneal involvement is rare in humans, and to the authors' knowledge has never been documented in veterinary ophthalmology.
Preclosure povidone‐iodine lavage in total hip replacement surgery: Infection outcomes and cost–benefit analysis
Authors: Israel Sarah K. , Jaramillo Ericka , Liska William D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report the outcomes and cost–benefit analysis of preclosure povidone‐iodine lavage (PrePIL) used to reduce the risk of infection following total hip replacement (THR) surgery.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsOne thousand six hundred ninety‐nine dogs, 17 cats.MethodsThe medical records of 2213 consecutive THR cases were reviewed to determine the incidence of infection. The last 102 were treated with PrePIL using a commercially sourced 0.035% povidone‐iodine solution. Postoperative infection rates were compared. A cost–benefit analysis was used to calculate if a PrePIL protocol is economically feasible.ResultsTwenty‐one THRs out of 2111 (0.99%) that did not have PrePIL developed infection. Infection occurred in none of the 102 PrePIL cases. Cost analysis revealed a PrePIL break‐even cost at $49.74 and a break‐even infection rate of 0.949%. No complications were identified related to the use of PrePIL.ConclusionPreclosure povidone‐iodine lavage appeared to be efficacious in lowering THR infection rates, and it appeared to be safe for this use based on our 102 consecutive cases. The cost of the PrePIL was minimal compared to the overall cost to resolve THR infection and the potential effect on hip function prognosis. The math formulas developed can be used by surgeons to calculate cost effectiveness and break‐even cost based on their THR infection rate, and to compare to the cost of a THR revision and infection resolution.Clinical significanceAt current costs, PrePIL can be used in 2415 THR cases at a similar cost of a single revision surgery and resolution of a periprosthetic infection.
Outcome in 38 dogs surgically treated for hepatic abscessation
Authors: Dickerson Vanna , Poses Breanna , Hyndman Philip , McPhetridge Jourdan , Scharf Valery , Matz Brad , Singh Ameet , Grimes Janet A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report outcomes following surgical treatment of hepatic abscessation in dogs.Study designRetrospective.AnimalsThirty‐eight dogs.MethodsRecords from 6 institutions were evaluated for dogs undergoing surgical treatment for hepatic abscessation between 2010 and 2020. Signalment, clinical signs, medical therapy, surgical treatment, and postoperative outcome was obtained from medical records. Long‐term outcome was recorded when possible. Median survival time was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier product‐limit method.ResultsPeritoneal effusion was documented in 32/38 dogs preoperatively, with septic peritonitis confirmed in 21/23 samples. Liver lobectomy was the most common surgery (27 dogs). A single organism was cultured in 24/35 dogs, most commonlyEscherichia coli. Hepatic neoplasia was identified in 11/36 dogs. Dogs were hospitalized for a median of 5 days (range, 3‐17) with complications recorded in 21 dogs (regurgitation, aspiration pneumonia, and pancreatitis most commonly). Two dogs died intraoperatively, and 6 dogs died prior to discharge. Median survival time for dogs surviving to discharge was 638 days. Of these, 19 were lost to follow up a median of 301 (range, 3‐1418) days postoperatively and 11 died a median of 291 (range, 7‐1292) days postoperatively. No abscess recurrence was noted.ConclusionSeptic peritonitis was a common sequela to hepatic abscessation. Perioperative complications were recorded in approximately one‐third of dogs. In dogs surviving the postoperative period, long‐term prognosis was good.Clinical significanceDogs treated surgically for hepatic abscessation have a high risk of perioperative complications but favorable long‐term prognosis and apparent low risk of recurrence.
Operational Impact Excitation Method for Milling Robot End Frequency Response Function Identification Under Movement State and Pose-Dependent Dynamic Compliance Analysis
Authors: Tang Xiaowei , Li Zepeng , Yan Rong , Peng Fangyu , Fan Zheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Robot milling has become an important means of machining large structural parts, and the dynamic compliance of the robot end is the key factor affecting machining quality and efficiency. The dynamic characteristics of the milling robot end are different in movement state and static state and have significant pose dependence. In order to effectively evaluate the dynamic compliance of the robot end in the workspace under the movement state, the operational impact excitation method for robot joint relative frequency response function (FRF) identification based on operational modal analysis (OMA) used in machine tool is established, the inertial force generated by the joint acceleration and deceleration movements is used as the excitation force, the robot end relative dynamic compliance index (RERDCI) is proposed to evaluate the dynamic compliance of robot end in different poses, and verified by cutting experiments. Based on RERDCI, the effect of the robot pose on end dynamic compliance is analyzed, and some theoretical guidance for improvement of dynamic performance to resist vibration in milling is given.
Control of Rotatory Decoupled Antagonistic SMA Actuators
Authors: Gorges Tom , Molitor Philipp , Britz Rouven , Goergen Yannik , Motzki Paul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
For repeated actuation in shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators, a restoring force is needed to return to the initial starting position after activation. Therefore, SMA wires are often coupled with mechanical springs, which lengthen said wires again after activation through heating and resulting contraction. In more advanced SMA actuation systems a second SMA wire is used as an actively controllable restoring element instead of passively working spring forces. A disadvantage of these antagonistic SMA actuator systems is that after activation of the first SMA wire, the return movement cannot be carried out immediately by the antagonistic partner. This delay caused by the first SMA wire’s cooling time leads to longer cycle times. To compensate for this disadvantage, a decoupled antagonistic SMA actuator has been developed. This enables the actuator to move back to its initial position immediately, regardless of the state of the antagonistic SMA wire. This work deals with the construction as well as the control of two rotatory decoupled antagonistic SMA actuators. The first actuator enables a 90° rotational movement through 2 mm of SMA wire stroke via a gear drive. The second actuator contains a bistable element to enable two energy-free switching positions. This bistable element serves as output device of the actuator and an output stroke of 8 mm is realized by an SMA wire stroke of 1.9 mm.
Management of early graft candidiasis in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Tan Jaimee , Wild Abigail , Reid Graeme , Shantier Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

Balancing adequate immunosuppression with the risk of infection after renal transplantation remains a challenge. The presence of comorbidities adds to the challenge. Although infrequent, invasive fungal infections result in high morbidity and mortality risk in renal transplant recipients. This can be attributed to the intense immunosuppression in the first 6 months after renal transplantation, minimal symptomatology and the high mortality associated with fungal infections.Due to minimal available evidence, clinical judgement guides management of graft candidiasis. There is a need to develop evidence-based management guidelines for the treatment of fungal infections in renal transplants. Here, we report a case of early-onset candidiasis in a transplanted kidney and present the histological findings, multidisciplinary discussions and treatment given.
Likelihood of germline mutation with solitary retinoblastoma based on tumour location at presentation
Authors: Dockery Philip W , Ruben Megan , Duffner Emily R , Levin Hannah J , Lally Sara E , Shields Jerry A , Shields Carol L 
Published: November 2022

Background/aimsTo evaluate the likelihood of germline mutation in patients presenting with solitary retinoblastoma based on tumour location at first examination.MethodsRetrospective analysis of solitary unilateral retinoblastoma for likelihood of germline mutation (family history of retinoblastoma and/or genetic testing indicating germlineRB1mutation and/or development of additional new or bilateral tumours) based on tumur location at presentation (macular vs extramacular).ResultsOf 480 consecutive patients with solitary retinoblastoma, 85 were in the macula (18%) and 395 were extramacular (82%). By comparison (macular vs extramacular tumours), macular tumours had smaller basal diameter (12.7 mm vs 18.9 mm, p<0.001) and smaller tumour thickness (6.1 mm vs 10.7 mm, p<0.001). Patients with macular tumours demonstrated greater likelihood for germline mutation (23% vs 12%, OR=2.18, p=0.011), specifically based on family history of retinoblastoma (13% vs 2%, OR=4.64, p=0.004), genetic testing showing germlineRB1mutation (27% vs 15%, OR=2.04 (95% CI 1.04 to 4.01), p=0.039), development of new tumours (13% vs 3%, OR=5.16 (95% CI 2.06 to 12.87), p=0.001) and/or development of bilateral disease (9% vs 2%, OR=4.98 (95% CI 1.70 to 14.65), p=0.004).ConclusionsAmong patients with solitary unilateral retinoblastoma, those presenting with macular tumour (compared with extramacular tumour) show 2.18 times greater likelihood for germline mutation and an even higher likelihood of development of subsequent tumours. Solitary macular retinoblastoma should raise an index of suspicion for likely germline mutation and multifocal disease.
Determinants of depressive symptoms increase in older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Czech cohort study using repeated assessments
Authors: Dalecká Andrea , Pikhart Hynek , Bartošková Anna , Čapková Naděžda , Bobák Martin 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundNumerous studies reported higher levels of mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic but only a minority used repeated measurements. We investigated change in depressive symptoms in the Czech ageing cohort and the impact of pre-existing and COVID-19-related stressors.MethodsWe used data on 2853 participants (mean age 73.4 years) from the Czech part of the prospective Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort that participated in postal questionnaire surveys before (September 2017–June 2018) and during the pandemic (October 2020–April 2021). Participants reported their depressive symptoms using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale including 10 (CESD-10) tool. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to create representative components of the pandemic-related stressors. The impact of the stressors on change in depressive symptoms was tested using multivariable linear regression, after adjustment for age and potential confounders.ResultsThree patterns of the pandemic-related stressors (‘financial stressors’, ‘social and perception stressors’ and ‘death and hospitalisation stressors’) were extracted from the PCA. The mean CESD-10 score increased from 4.90 to 5.37 (p<0.001). In fully adjusted models, significantly larger increases in depression score were reported by older people (β=0.052; p=0.006), those with poor self-rated health (β=0.170; p<0.001), those who experienced death or hospitalisation of a close person (β=0.064; p<0.001), social deprivation (β=0.057; p<0.001), delays in healthcare (β=0.048; p=0.005) and those who suffered from COVID-19 (β=0.045; p=0.008).ConclusionThis study confirms an increase in depressive symptoms in older persons during the pandemic and identified several pandemic-related risk factors suggesting that public health policies should address this vulnerable group by adopting the preventing strategies.
Generalized Barrow entropic holographic dark energy with Granda–Oliver cut-off
Authors: Garg Priyanka , Pradhan Anirudh , Bhardwaj Vinod Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Holographic dark energy (HDE) models are significantly different from standard dark energy (DE) models since they are based on holographic principles rather than mentioning a term in Lagrangian. Nojiri et al. [Barrow entropic dark energy: A member of generalized holographic dark energy family, Phys. Lett. B 825 (2022) 136844] proposed a generalized Barrow HDE (BHDE) model depending on particle horizon and future horizon, where the infra-red cut-off is considered as a usual cut-off. In this paper, we have revisited the generalized BHDE adopting the Granda–Oliver cut-off as the standard cut-off for the model. We have generalized BHDE behaviors with two different cut-offs, future horizon [Formula: see text] and particle horizon [Formula: see text]. The holographic cut-off is extended to depend on [Formula: see text], where a is the scale factor. Using this formalism, we demonstrated that the Barrow entropic DE model is equivalent to the generalized HDE model, where two ways are used to compute the respective holographic cut-off: first, in terms of particle horizon and its derivative, and second, future horizon and its derivative. We use 57 observational data points to determine the current Hubble constant [Formula: see text]. We have studied the behavior of few quantities, such as DE density [Formula: see text], pressure [Formula: see text], equation of state (EoS) parameter under the observational data. Here, we have to find the EoS parameter for generalized HDE, equivalent to Barrow entropic DE model. Besides this, we have also discussed k-essence and tachyon DE models.
An Empirical Analysis of Racial Segregation in Higher Education
Authors: Hinrichs Peter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper documents how segregation between Black students and White students across U.S. colleges has evolved since the 1960s, explores potential channels through which changes occur, and studies segregation across majors within colleges. The main findings are: (1) Black–White dissimilarity fell sharply in the late 1960s and early 1970s and has fallen more gradually since then. White students' exposure to Black students rose almost continuously from 1968 through 2011 before declining somewhat in recent years. Meanwhile, Black students' exposure to White students increased sharply in the late 1960s and early 1970s and has fluctuated since. (2) There has been regional convergence, although colleges in the South remain more segregated than those in any other region when measured by dissimilarity or by Black students' exposure to White students. (3) A major channel for the decline in segregation is the declining share of Black students attending historically Black colleges and universities. Differences in which U.S. state students attend college play only a small role in creating segregation, and there is moderate evidence that segregation is related to college selectivity stratification by race. (4) Although there is segregation within universities, most segregation across major × university cells occurs across universities.