bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle‐tendon architecture in Kenyans and Japanese: Potential role of genetic endowment in the success of elite Kenyan endurance runners
Authors: Kunimasa Yoko , Sano Kanae , Oda Toshiaki , Nicol Caroline , Komi Paavo V. , Ishikawa Masaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe specificity of muscle‐tendon and foot architecture of elite Kenyan middle‐ and long‐distance runners has been found to contribute to their superior running performance. To investigate the respective influence of genetic endowment and training on these characteristics, we compared leg and foot segmental lengths as well as muscle‐tendon architecture of Kenyans and Japanese males (i) from infancy to adulthood and (ii) non‐athletes versus elite runners.MethodsThe 676 participants were divided according to their nationality (Kenyans and Japanese), age (nine different age groups for non‐athletes) and performance level in middle‐ and long‐distance races (non‐athlete, non‐elite and elite adult runners). Shank and Achilles tendon (AT) lengths, medial gastrocnemius (MG) fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness, AT moment arm (MAAT), and foot lever ratio were measured.ResultsAbove 8 years old, Kenyans had a longer shank and AT, shorter fascicle, greater pennation angle, thinner MG muscle as well as longer MAAT, with lower foot lever ratio than age‐matched Japanese. Among adults of different performance levels and independently of the performance level, Kenyans had longer shank, AT and MAAT, thinner MG muscle thickness, and lower foot lever ratio than Japanese. The decrease in MG fascicle length and increase pennation angle observed for the adult Japanese with the increase in performance level resulted in a lack of difference between elite Kenyans and Japanese.ConclusionThe specificity of muscle‐tendon and foot architecture of elite Kenyan runners could result from genetic endowment and contribute to the dominance of Kenyans in middle‐ and long‐distance races.
Long noncoding RNA lnc‐H2AFV‐1 promotes cell growth by regulating aberrant m6A RNA modification in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Xi , Liu Yunxia , Sun Dongyuan , Sun Rongqi , Wang Xiaoxiao , Li Minmin , Song Ning , Ying Jicheng , Guo Tao , Jiang Yingying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial regions, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the occurrence and progression of HNSCC. The lncRNA lnc‐H2AFV‐1 was found to be upregulated in HNSCC tissues; however, the function of lnc‐H2AFV‐1 in regulating HNSCC proliferation and the potential molecular mechanism is unclear. The present study evaluated the expression of lnc‐H2AFV‐1 in HNSCC tissues using quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and associated abundant lnc‐H2AFV‐1 expression with tumor size. Functionally, lnc‐H2AFV‐1 significantly promoted the proliferation of HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Quantified N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation and dot blot assays revealed that total m6A methylation in HNSCC cells was accompanied by lnc‐H2AFV‐1 expression. Western blotting showed that the expression of methyltransferase‐like (METTL) 3 and METTL14 was consistent with that of lnc‐H2AFV‐1, whereas the expression of demethylase fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) was contrary to that of lnc‐H2AFV‐1. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP‐seq) and MeRIP‐qPCR revealed that lnc‐H2AFV‐1 overexpression led to the elevated expression and maximal m6A methylation of intraflagellar transport (IFT) 80 in HNSCC. In addition, METTL3/14 knockdown decreased IFT80 expression. Thus, our findings suggested that lnc‐H2AFV‐1 might be a biomarker that alters m6A modification by regulating the m6A methylases METTL3/14 and FTO and then mediating the downstream target IFT80 to promote HNSCC progression.
Altered gene expression due to aberrant DNA methylation correlates with responsiveness to anti‐EGFR antibody treatment
Authors: Otsuki Yasufumi , Ouchi Kota , Takahashi Shin , Sasaki Keiju , Sakamoto Yasuhiro , Okita Akira , Ishioka Chikashi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cetuximab gene expression signature and DNA methylation status of colorectal cancer (CRC) are predictive of the therapeutic effects of anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody therapy. As DNA methylation is a means of regulating gene expression, it may play an important role in the expression of cetuximab signature genes. This study aims to determine the effects of aberrant DNA methylation on the regulation of cetuximab signature gene expression. Comprehensive DNA methylation and gene expression data were retrieved from CRC patients in three tumor tissue (TT) cohorts and three normal colorectal mucosa/tumor tissue paired (NCM‐TT) cohorts. Of the 231 cetuximab signature genes, 57 exhibited an inverse correlation between the methylation of promoter CpG sites and gene expression level in multiple cohorts. About two‐thirds of the promoter CpG sites associated with the 57 genes exhibited this correlation. In all 57 gene promoter regions, the methylation levels in NCMs did not differ according to comparisons based on cetuximab signature or DNA methylation status classification of matched TTs. Thus, the altered expression of 57 genes was caused by aberrant DNA methylation during carcinogenesis. Analysis of the association between cetuximab signature or DNA methylation status and progression‐free survival (PFS) of anti‐EGFR antibody agents in the same cohort showed that DNA methylation status was most associated with PFS. In conclusion, we found that aberrant DNA methylation regulates specific gene expression in cetuximab signature during carcinogenesis, suggesting that it is one of the important determinants of sensitivity to anti‐EGFR antibody agents.
Longitudinal antibody responses to peanut following probiotic and peanut oral immunotherapy in children with peanut allergy
Authors: Hsiao Kuang‐Chih , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Ashley Sarah , Lee Cassandra Yuen Yan , Jindal Lalita ,   The PPOIT Study Team, Tang Mimi L. K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionProbiotic and Peanut Oral Immunotherapy (PPOIT) is effective at inducing sustained unresponsiveness (SU) at end‐of‐treatment and this effect persists up to 4 years post‐treatment, referred to as persistent SU. We sought to evaluate (i) how PPOIT altered peanut‐specific humoral immune indices, and (ii) how such longitudinal indices relate to persistent SU.MethodsLongitudinal serum/plasma levels of whole peanut‐ and peanut component‐ (Ara‐h1, ‐h2, ‐h3, ‐h8, ‐h9) specific‐IgE (sIgE) and specific‐IgG4 (sIgG4) antibodies were measured by ImmunoCAP and salivary peanut‐specific‐IgA (sIgA) by ELISA in children (n = 62) enrolled in the PPOIT‐001 randomized trial from baseline (T0) to 4 years post‐treatment (T5). Multivariate regression analyses of log‐transformed values were used for point‐in‐time between group comparisons. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used for longitudinal comparisons between groups.ResultsProbiotic and Peanut Oral Immunotherapy was associated with changes in sIgE and sIgG4 over time. sIgE levels were significantly reduced post‐treatment [T5, PPOIT vs. Placebo ratio of geometric mean (GM): Ara‐h1 0.07, p = .008; Ara‐h2 0.08, p = .007; Ara‐h3 0.15, p = .021]. sIgG4 levels were significantly increased by end‐of‐treatment (T1, PPOIT vs. Placebo ratio of GM: Ara‐h1 3.77, p = .011; Ara‐h2 17.97, p < .001; Ara‐h3 10.42, p < .001) but levels in PPOIT group decreased once treatment was stopped and returned to levels comparable with Placebo group by T5. Similarly, salivary peanut sIgA increased during treatment, as early as 4 months of treatment (PPOIT vs. Placebo, ratio of GM: 2.04, p = .014), then reduced post‐treatment.ConclusionProbiotic and Peanut Oral Immunotherapy was associated with broad reduction in peanut‐specific humoral responses which may mediate the clinical effects of SU that persists to 4 years post‐treatment.
Fine particulate matter exposure aggravates ischemic injury via NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis
Authors: Gao Li , Qin Jie‐Xing , Shi Jian‐Quan , Jiang Teng , Wang Fei , Xie Chong , Gao Qing , Zhi Nan , Dong Qing , Guan Yang‐Tai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsAccumulating evidence has suggested that airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aim to investigate the role and mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in ischemic stroke after PM2.5 exposure.MethodsThe BV‐2 and HMC‐3 microglial cell lines were established and subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) with or without PM2.5 exposure. We used the CCK‐8 assay to explore the effects of PM2.5 on cell viability of BV‐2 and HMC‐3 cells. Then, the effects of PM2.5 exposure on NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis following OGD/R were detected by western blotting, ELISA, and the confocal immunofluorescence staining. Afterwards, NLRP3 was knocked down to further validate the effects of PM2.5 on cell viability, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis after OGD/R in HMC‐3 cells. Finally, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured and the ROS inhibitor N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) was used to investigate whether ROS was required for PM2.5‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis under ischemic conditions.ResultsWe found that PM2.5 exposure decreased the viability of BV‐2 and HMC‐3 cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner under ischemic conditions. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure aggravated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis after OGD/R, as indicated by an increased expression of NLRP3, ASC, pro‐caspase‐1, Caspase‐1, GSDMD, and GSDMD‐N; increased production of IL‐1β and IL‐18; and enhanced Caspase‐1 activity and SYTOX green uptake. However, shRNA NLRP3 treatment attenuated the effects of PM2.5 on cell viability, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis. Moreover, we observed that PM2.5 exposure increased the production of intracellular ROS following OGD/R, while inhibiting ROS production with NAC partially attenuated PM2.5‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis under ischemic conditions.ConclusionThese results suggested that PM2.5 exposure triggered the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis under ischemic conditions, which may be mediated by increased ROS production after ischemic stroke. These findings may provide a more enhanced understanding of the interplay between PM2.5 and neuroinflammation and cell death, and reveal a novel mechanism of PM2.5‐mediated toxic effects after ischemic stroke.
A survey of active and passive concept drift handling methods
Authors: Han Meng , Chen Zhiqiang , Li Muhang , Wu Hongxin , Zhang Xilong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAt present, concept drift in the nonstationary data stream is showing trends with different speeds and different degrees of severity, which has brought great challenges to many fields like data mining and machine learning. In the past two decades, a lot of methods dedicated to handling concept drift in the nonstationary data stream have emerged. A novel perspective is proposed to classify these methods, and the current concept drift handling methods are comprehensively explained from the active handling methods and the passive handling methods. In particular, active handling methods are analyzed from the perspective of handling one specific type of concept drift and handling multiple types of concept drift, and passive handling methods are analyzed from the perspective of single learner and ensemble learning. Many concept drift handling methods in this survey are analyzed and summarized in terms of the comparing algorithms, learning model, applicable drift type, advantages, and disadvantages of the algorithms. Finally, further research directions are given, including the active and passive mixing methods, class imbalance, the existence of novel class in the data stream, and the noise in the data stream.
Interfering with CSE1L/CAS inhibits tumour growth via C3 in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Ye Mei , Chen Yufei , Liu Jianni , Tian Jiawei , Wang Xunda , Fok Kin Lam , Shi Jianwu , Chen Hao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. However, the treatment regimens for TNBC are limited. Chromosome segregation 1‐like (CSE1L), also called cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS), is highly expressed in breast cancer and plays a crucial role in the progression of various tumours. However, the involvement of CAS in TNBC remains elusive. In this study, we showed that the expression of CAS was higher in TNBC samples than in non‐TNBC samples in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Knockdown of CAS inhibited MDA‐MB‐231 cell growth, migration and invasion. Further RNA‐seq analysis revealed that complement pathway activity was significantly elevated. Of note, complement component 3 (C3), the key molecule in the complement pathway, was significantly upregulated, and the expression of C3 was negatively correlated with that of CAS in breast cancer. Lower C3 expression was related to poor prognosis. Interestingly, the expression level of C3 was positively correlated with the infiltration of multiple immune cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that CAS participates in the development of TNBC through C3‐mediated immune cell suppression and might constitute a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
Comparison of MiniMed 780G system performance in users aged younger and older than 15 years: Evidence from 12 870 real‐world users
Authors: Arrieta Arcelia , Battelino Tadej , Scaramuzza Andrea E. , Da Silva Julien , Castañeda Javier , Cordero Toni L. , Shin John , Cohen Ohad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate real‐world glycaemic outcomes and goals achieved by users of the MiniMed 780G advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) system aged younger and older than 15 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsData uploaded by MiniMed 780G system users from 27 August 2020 to 22 July 2021 were aggregated and retrospectively analysed based on self‐reported age (≤15 years and >15 years) for three cohorts: (a) post‐AHCL initiation, (b) 6‐month longitudinal post‐AHCL initiation and (c) pre‐ versus post‐AHCL initiation. Analyses included mean percentage of time spent in AHCL and at sensor glucose ranges, insulin delivered and the proportion of users achieving recommended glucose management indicator (GMI < 7.0%) and time in target range (TIR 70‐180 mg/dl > 70%) goals.ResultsUsers aged 15 years or younger (N = 3211) achieved a GMI of 6.8% ± 0.3% and TIR of 73.9% ± 8.7%, while spending 92.7% of time in AHCL. Users aged older than 15 years (N = 8874) achieved a GMI of 6.8% ± 0.4% and TIR of 76.5% ± 9.4% with 92.3% of time in AHCL. Time spent at less than 70 mg/dl was within the recommended target of less than 4% (3.2% and 2.3%, respectively). Similar outcomes were observed for each group (N = 790 and N = 1642, respectively) in the first month following AHCL initiation, and were sustained over the 6‐month observation period.ConclusionsThis real‐world analysis shows that more than 75% of users with T1D aged 15 years or younger using the MiniMed 780G system achieved international consensus‐recommended glycaemic control, mirroring the achievements of the population aged older than 15 years.
Present status and future directions – Managing perforations
Authors: Clauder Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRoot perforations are severe complications and are associated with compromised endodontic treatment outcomes, especially when bacterial infection is allowed to establish. Perforations may occur due to pathological processes or treatment consequences. Various dental materials have been proposed over the years for perforation repair with varying degrees of success. The use of bioactive materials, such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and other calcium‐silicate cements, promotes a favourable environment for regeneration and has been used successfully for perforation repair. This is in contrast to materials used previously that often led to unpredictable outcomes. With the increasing range of new bioactive endodontic materials available, the number of potential materials being used for repair of root perforations is growing. Though promising to date, there is little evidence to support the use of most of these new materials. The aim of this narrative review is to provide the background, clinical techniques and outcome of nonsurgical and surgical perforation repair.
Activation of T cell checkpoint pathways during β‐cell antigen presentation by engineered dendritic cells promotes protection from type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gudi Radhika R. , Perez Nicolas , Karumuthil‐Melethil Subha , Li Gongbo , Vasu Chenthamarakshan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDefective immune regulation has been recognized in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Immune regulatory T cell check‐point receptors, which are generally upregulated on activated T cells, have been the molecules of attention as therapeutic targets for enhancing immune response in tumour therapy. Here, we show that pancreatic β‐cell antigen (BcAg) presentation by engineered tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) that express CTLA4 selective ligand (B7.1wa) or a combination of CTLA4, PD1 and BTLA selective ligands (B7.1wa, PD‐L1 and HVEM‐CRD1 respectively; multiligand‐DCs) causes an increase in regulatory cytokine and T cell (Treg) responses and suppression of the effector T cell function as compared with engineered control‐DCs. Non‐obese diabetic mice treated with BcAg‐pulsed CTLA4‐ligand‐DCs and multiligand‐DCs at pre‐diabetic and early‐hyperglycaemic stages showed significantly lower degree of insulitis, higher frequencies of insulin‐positive islets, profound delay in and reversal of hyperglycaemia for a significant duration. Immune cells from the tDC‐treated mice not only produced lower amounts of IFNγ and higher amounts of IL10 and TGFβ1 upon BcAg challenge, but also failed to induce hyperglycaemia upon adoptive transfer. While both CTLA4‐ligand‐DCs and multiligand‐DCs were effective in inducing tolerance, multiligand‐DC treatment produced an overall higher suppressive effect on effector T cell function and disease outcome. These studies show that enhanced engagement of T cell checkpoint receptors during BcAg presentation can modulate T cell function and suppress autoimmunity and progression of the disease in T1D.
Beyond the familial: The development of emotional communication with mothers, fathers, and strangers
Authors: Salvadori Eliala A. , Colonnesi Cristina , Elsammak Linnea , Oort Frans J. , Messinger Daniel S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInteraction with unfamiliar partners is a component of social life from infancy onward. Yet little is known about preverbal communication with strangers. This study compared the development of infant communication with strangers to communication with mothers and fathers and examined the contribution of temperament to partner‐specific communication patterns. A sample of 58 infants was observed at four and eight months during separate home‐based face‐to‐face interactions with three partners (mother, father, and stranger). Infant visual, facial, and vocal communication behaviors were coded microanalytically. Each parent reported on infant temperament at both ages. Multilevel regression analyses indicated that infants gazed longer at strangers than at fathers, exhibited less smiling to strangers than to mothers, and produced fewer vocalizations with strangers than with either parent. Both age and temperament moderated these differences. Vocal communication with fathers became more frequent at eight months; smiling to mothers was accentuated among infants with higher levels of temperamental surgency. Importantly, levels of communication behaviors with strangers were concurrently and longitudinally associated with those with mothers and fathers. Overall, findings suggest that infant emotional communication patterns are modulated by individual temperamental differences and are reproduced in and over time, though at different levels, when interacting with novel partners.
Bias, Fairness and Accountability with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Zhou Nengfeng , Zhang Zach , Nair Vijayan N. , Singhal Harsh , Chen Jie 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms has led to opportunities as well as challenges in their use. In this overview paper, we begin with a discussion of bias and fairness issues that arise with the use of AI techniques, with a focus on supervised machine learning algorithms. We then describe the types and sources of data bias and discuss the nature of algorithmic unfairness. In addition, we provide a review of fairness metrics in the literature, discuss their limitations, and describe de‐biasing (or mitigation) techniques in the model life cycle.
Topical application of oxygen nano‐bubble water enhances the healing process of ischaemic skin wound healing in an animal model
Authors: Aoki Kohei , Ida Yukiko , Fukushima Noritoshi , Matsumura Hajime 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigated the usefulness of oxygen nano‐bubble water as an oxygen‐rich liquid for wound healing, by analysing its effect on the wound‐healing process in rats. Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 36) were divided into two groups: the wound‐healing model group without ischaemia (n = 18) and the ischaemic group (n = 18). In each rat, an 8 mm diameter full‐thickness skin defect wound was created on the back; in rats in the ischaemic group, a bi‐pedicle flap (width, 3.6 cm; length, 8.6 cm) was also created. The wounds of six rats from each group were then treated with AQUACELL soaked with oxygen nano‐bubble water, and compared with those of control rats, which were treated with purified water (same as that used to make the oxygen nano‐bubble water; n = 6) or physiological saline solution (n = 6). There was no significant difference in epithelialisation rate and number of days of epithelialisation among the subgroups in the wound‐healing model group. In the ischaemic group, there was a significant improvement in the wound‐healing rate and time of the oxygen nano‐bubble water subgroup. Oxygen nano‐bubble water therapy enhances the ischaemic wound‐healing process.
Radiation heating test and development of porous MgAl2O4 ceramics with high thermal shielding effect based on Mie theory
Authors: Akamine Shuko , Ogasawara Toshio , Ogawa Chiharu , Aoki Takuya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPorous MgAl2O4 ceramics designated as THERMOSCATTTM have diffuse reflectance based on the Mie theory. The reflectance greatly suppresses radiation heat transfer and has low emissivity at 1–5 μm wavelengths. Their thermal conductivity has been measured as less than 0.3 W/(m K) at 1500°C. Furthermore, porous MgAl2O4 ceramics have near‐zero hemispherical spectral emissivity values at 0.35–5 μm wavelengths. High heat resistance and low emissivity materials in the atmosphere are useful for the innermost layer of industrial furnaces to confine energy efficiently. Additionally, this material is useful as a radiation reflectors, such as in stand‐off thermal protection systems. This study elucidated the suppression of radiation transfer in porous MgAl2O4 ceramics attributable to low thermal emissivity. Therefore, the thermal insulation performance under radiation heating in vacuum, the emissivity validity evaluation of low‐emissivity porous materials using finite element analysis, and microstructure effects on radiation heating performance and mechanical properties were investigated.