bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pulmonary endothelial amplification loop aggravates ex‐vivo transfusion‐related acute lung injury via increased toll‐like receptor 4 and intra‐cellular adhesion molecule‐1 expression
Authors: Morsing Sofia K. H. , Zeeuw van der Laan Eveline , van Stalborch Annemarieke D. , van Buul Jaap D. , Kapur Rick , Vlaar Alexander P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion‐Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) is a life‐threatening complication of blood transfusions characterized by pulmonary endothelial cell damage and edema, with a high incidence in critically ill patients. The pathophysiology of TRALI is unresolved, but can generally be hypothesized to follow a 2‐hit model in which the first hit is elicited by the underlying clinical condition of the patient (e.g., inflammation, which can be reflected by LPS in experimental models), and the second hit is delivered by the blood transfusion product (e.g., HLA class I antibodies). Here, we report a synergistic role for LPS and HLA class I antibody binding to pulmonary endothelium resulting in enhanced inflammatory responses.Materials and MethodsPulmonary endothelial cells were treated with PBS or low‐dose LPS, exclusively or in combination with anti‐HLA class I. Endothelial surface expression of HLA class I, TLR4, and inflammatory marker ICAM‐1 were measured, and trans‐endothelial migration (TEM) of neutrophils was investigated.ResultsLPS treatment of pulmonary endothelium enhanced HLA class I antibody binding, and combined LPS and HLA class I antibody binding enhanced TLR4 (LPS receptor) and ICAM‐1 expression on the endothelial cell surface. Low‐dose LPS and HLA antibody together also increased neutrophil TEM under physiological flow by on average 5‐fold.ConclusionWe conclude that LPS and anti‐HLA class I antibody have the ability to activate the pulmonary endothelium into a spiral of increasing inflammation, opening the opportunity to potentially block TLR4 to prevent or reduce the severity of TRALI in vivo.
Gabapentin reduces stress and does not affect ocular parameters in clinically normal cats
Authors: Crowe Yvette C. , Groth Allyson D. , Billson Francis M. , White Joanna , Coall Sarah M. , Yates Kelly L. , Premont Johana E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the effects of gabapentin on ocular and behavioral parameters following oral administration in healthy cats.Materials and methodsMasked, placebo‐controlled, randomized crossover‐design study. Ten young, healthy cats were scheduled for two veterinary visits 7 days apart and randomly assigned to receive a compounded capsule containing 100 mg of gabapentin or placebo (100 mg lactose powder) at the first visit and the opposite treatment at the second visit. Respiratory rate, heart rate, stress score, sedation score, compliance score, horizontal pupil diameter, intraocular pressure, and Schirmer tear test‐1 were measured prior to and 1.5, 3, and 6 h following capsule administration. Stress score, sedation score, and compliance score were assigned based on established behavioral scales. Results of the two treatments were statistically compared with ap‐value <0.05 considered significant.ResultsRespiratory rate was significantly reduced at 1.5 (p = 0.049) and 3 (p = 0.03) hours following gabapentin administration. Stress score was significantly reduced at 1.5 (p = 0.01) hours following gabapentin administration. Sedation score was significantly increased at 1.5 (p = 0.015) and 3 (p = 0.03) hours following gabapentin administration. Gabapentin had no significant effect on heart rate, compliance score, or ocular values measured in this study.ConclusionsGabapentin reduces stress and increases sedation at 1.5 h after treatment, with no significant effect on horizontal pupil diameter, intraocular pressure or Schirmer tear test‐1 results.
New Horizons for Geothermal Energy
Authors: Wicks Frank 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The geothermal heat resource is not limited the way fuel or iron or other materials are. But the low efficiency of geothermal power systems is unsatisfying and contributes to often-poor economics. To improve efficiency, engineers could look for a different thermodynamic cycle in the power plant. And, the economics can be improved by developing a facility whereby geothermal heat and electricity is the by-product of a process to produce lithium.
Investigations on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Gas Turbine Exhaust Diffuser With the Modified Shell Profile
Authors: Dong Yuxuan , Li Zhigang , Li Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a shell profile design method based on diffuser flow area curve is proposed to improve the static pressure recovery coefficient of the exhaust diffuser over a range of inlet swirl angles. Based on verifying the reliability of the numerical method, the paper first explored the aerodynamic performance of the exhaust diffuser with the original structure and the modified structure by solving three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes. Numerical results well capture the pressure distribution and flow characteristics in the exhaust diffuser. The numerical results show that the shell profile modification method effectively improves the aerodynamic performance of the exhaust diffuser. Compared with the original exhaust diffuser, the secondary vortex near the outer shell of the modified exhaust diffuser is weakened and the axial reverse pressure gradient near the strut is reduced. The static pressure recovery coefficient of the modified exhaust diffuser is significantly increased under different inlet swirl angles. Especially, under the normal working condition with a medium swirl angle (22 deg), the static pressure recovery coefficient increases by 0.034 with a relative increase of 7.6%. Under the extreme working conditions of a large swirl angle (35 deg), the static pressure recovery coefficient increases by 0.074 with a relative increase of 39%. A test rig for measuring the aerodynamic performance of the exhaust diffuser was built, and the validity of the shell profile design method is further verified through experimental measurements.
Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation, but not Creatyl-L-Leucine, Increased Muscle Creatine Content in Healthy Young Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Askow Andrew T. , Paulussen Kevin J.M. , McKenna Colleen F. , Salvador Amadeo F. , Scaroni Susannah E. , Hamann Jade S. , Ulanov Alexander V. , Li Zhong , Paluska Scott A. , Beaudry Kayleigh M. , De Lisio Michael , Burd Nicholas A. 
Published: August 2022

Creatine (Cr) supplementation is a well-established strategy to enhance gains in strength, lean body mass, and power from a period of resistance training. However, the effectiveness of creatyl-L-leucine (CLL), a purported Cr amide, is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of CLL on muscle Cr content. Twenty-nine healthy men (n = 17) and women (n = 12) consumed 5 g/day of either Cr monohydrate (n = 8; 28.5 ± 7.3 years, 172.1 ± 11.0 cm, 76.6 ± 10.7 kg), CLL (n = 11; 29.2 ± 9.3 years, 170.3 ± 10.5 cm, 71.9 ± 14.5 kg), or placebo (n = 10; 30.3 ± 6.9 years, 167.8 ± 9.9 cm, 69.9 ± 11.1 kg) for 14 days in a randomized, double-blind design. Participants completed three bouts of supervised resistance exercise per week. Muscle biopsies were collected before and after the intervention for quantification of muscle Cr. Cr monohydrate supplementation which significantly increased muscle Cr content with 14 days of supplementation. No changes in muscle Cr were observed for the placebo or CLL groups. Cr monohydrate supplementation is an effective strategy to augment muscle Cr content while CLL is not.
Geoelectric constraints on the Precambrian assembly and architecture of southern Laurentia
Authors: Murphy Benjamin S. , Bedrosian Paul A. , Kelbert Anna 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Using images from an updated and expanded three-dimensional electrical conductivity synthesis model for the contiguous United States (CONUS), we highlight the key continent-scale geoelectric structures that are associated with the Precambrian assembly of southern Laurentia. Conductivity anomalies are associated with the Trans-Hudson orogen, the Penokean suture, the ca. 1.8–1.7 Ga Cheyenne belt and Spirit Lake tectonic zone, and the Grenville suture zone; the geophysical characteristics of these structures indicate that the associated accretionary events involved the closure of ancient ocean basins along discrete, large-scale structures. In contrast, we observe no large-scale conductivity anomalies through the portion of southern Laurentia that is generally viewed as composed of late Paleoproterozoic–early Mesoproterozoic accretionary crust. The lack of through-going conductors places constraints on the structure, petrology, and geodynamic history of crustal growth in southern Laurentia during that time period. Overall, our model highlights the enigmatic nature of the concealed Precambrian basement of much of southern Laurentia, as it in some places supports and in other places challenges prevailing models of Laurentian assembly. The revised CONUS electrical conductivity model thus provides important constraints for testing new models of Precambrian tectonism in this region.
Cost-free pharmacotherapy in smokers with TIA or stroke: QUIT-MED randomised controlled trial
Authors: Reid Robert , Papadakis Sophia , Gocan Sophia , Bourgoin Aline , Laplante Mary Ann , Armstrong Ashley , Aitken Debbie , Sahlas Demetrios , Stotts Grant , Cotie Lisa , Mullen Kerri-Anne , Pipe Andrew , Mir Hassan , Sharma Mukul 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo examine whether cost-free (CF) smoking cessation medication was more effective than a prescription for cessation medication in patients after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke.DesignTwo-site randomised trial.SettingStroke prevention clinics (SPCs) in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsSmokers with TIA or stroke, willing to quit smoking.InterventionSmoking status was assessed in SPC attendees. Smokers were advised to quit smoking and received recommendations for cessation medication and counselling. Consenting participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either a CF medication group or a prescription-only (Rx) group. CF participants immediately received a 12-week supply of cessation medication. Rx participants were given a prescription for 12 weeks of cessation medication. Follow-up counselling was provided for 26 weeks.Main outcomeThe primary outcome was 40-week continuous abstinence verified using a carbon monoxide breath test at 52-week follow-up. Secondary outcomes included abstinence at intermediate timepoints, medication adherence and serious adverse events.ResultsHundred and ninety-four participants were randomised and 131 (67.5%) completed the trial. The 40-week continuous abstinence rate at 52-week follow-up was 15.5% in the CF group versus 14.0% in the Rx group (OR=1.13; 95% CI 0.51 to 2.53). The 14-week continuous abstinence rate at 26-week follow-up was 18.6% in the CF group versus 16.8% in the Rx group (OR=1.20; 95% CI 0.56 to 2.55). Seven-day point-prevalence abstinence at 12 weeks was 38.1% in the CF group versus 26.9% in the Rx group (OR=1.76; 95% CI 0.94 to 3.28). Medication adherence was higher in the CF group versus the Rx group (47.4%±41.2% vs 25.5±36.8%, p<0.001). Serious adverse events occurred in 11.1% of participants and were unrelated to treatment.ConclusionsOur findings were inconclusive; we failed to meet our recruitment target and the effect size was smaller than anticipated. CF medication improved medication adherence.Trial registration numberNCT00962988; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier.
Supervisors’ approaches to the early entrustment of clinical tasks: an observational study in general practice
Authors: de Jonge Laury P J W M , Govaerts Marjan J B , Timmerman Angelique A , Muris Jean W M , Kramer Anneke W M , Van der Vleuten Cees P M 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesAt the very start of medical residency training, entrustment of clinical tasks may be a major challenge, on which current scientific knowledge is scarce. This study therefore aimed to gain insight into the process of supervisors’ decision making underlying the entrustment of clinical tasks at the start of one-on-one supervisor–trainee working relationships.SettingThis study was performed in a general practice (GP) training department in the Netherlands.ParticipantsFor this study, we recruited supervisor–trainee pairs who were just about to start the first year of GP residency training. Of 10 eligible supervisor–trainee pairs, 4 participated.DesignWe used a qualitative, social-constructivist research approach. Data from naturalistic non-participant observations and semistructured interviews with supervisors in four GP practices were triangulated and analysed using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsSupervisors’ early entrustment decisions were based on generic trainee qualities such as self-reflexivity, knowing one’s limitations and asking for help in time, rather than on task-specific performance. At the start of residency training, supervisors’ primary concern was to create a safe working and learning environment in which trainees could and would ask for timely supervision while being entrusted with challenging tasks. Supervisors used idiosyncratic entrustment strategies that were influenced by their propensity to trust, previous experiences with trainees, and their perspective on learning and teaching.ConclusionEntrustment decisions require high levels of safety for all stakeholders involved. Especially at the beginning of supervisor–trainee relationships, establishing an educational alliance in which entrustment is the subject of ongoing trainee–supervisor conversations is essential to achieve and maintain and optimal balance between trainee learning and patient safety. Additional research may further our understanding of early entrustment decision making and the role of generic trainee qualities in different settings.
Exploring COVID-19 circuit breaker (CB) restrictions at a migrant worker dormitory in Singapore: a case study and nested mixed-method analysis of stress management and mental health
Authors: Wong Melvyn Chung Pheng , Tan Chuen Seng , Chan Alyssa Yenyi , Khaled Nazrana , Hasan Md Tahmid , Panchapakesan Chitra , Tripathi Shilpi , Afsana Kaosar , Lwin May O. , Chen Mark I-Cheng , Hildon Zoe Jane-Lara 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionMeasures to mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak in the migrant worker dormitories in Singapore included lockdown and isolation of residents for prolonged periods. In this paper, we explore efforts to ease tensions and support mental health under these conditions.MethodsCase study of dormitory residents under lockdown from April to August 2020 comprises a nested mixed-method approach using an online questionnaire (n=175) and semistructured interviews (n=23) of migrant workers sampled from the survey (August to September 2020). Logistic regression models were used to analyse survey data. Semistructured interviews were analysed using applied thematic analysis.ResultsSurvey and interview data showed that mental health was largely protected despite initial rising tensions over restrictions during lockdown. Sources of tension negatively affecting low stress responses included job related worries, OR=0.07 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.18, p<0.001), poor communication with employers, OR=0.12 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.44, p<0.001) and loneliness, OR=0.24 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.55, p<0.001). Interview narratives concurrently revealed themes around job insecurity and the effects of the lockdown ‘not being good for mind and body’, the imposition of new rules and regulations compounded by the most emphasised concern—worry about family back home.Interviewees shared how their adaptive capability played a pivotal protective role alongside social support and solidarity; aided by regular use of messaging applications, which supported mental health, OR=4.81 (95% CI 1.54 to 15.21, p<0.01). Employers were described as central to alleviating tensions, providing feedback loops to improve dorm conditions. Employees feeling their employers cared about their health and well-being was especially protective to mental health, OR=17.24 (95% CI 4.00 to 85.74, p<0.001). Gratitude and trust in government and healthcare provision was widely acknowledged. Concurrently, related attitudes such as believing in the timeliness and appropriateness of the lockdown also protected mental health, OR 2.85 (95% CI 1.08 to 7.39, p=0.03).ConclusionTensions are mapped to protective solutions informing guidelines for future outbreak stress management response.
Healthcare workers’ compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures, and associated factors, in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zenbaba Demisu , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Beressa Girma , Desta Fikreab , Atlaw Daniel , Bogale Daniel , Chattu Vijay Kumar 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveCompliance with COVID-19 prevention measures limits infection occurrence and spread in healthcare settings. According to research conducted in Ethiopia, compliance with COVID-19 preventative strategies is inconsistent among healthcare providers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the national pooled proportion of healthcare workers (HCWs) who adhere to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors with good compliance.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis of all identified studies with cross-sectional study design.Data sourcesA comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, HINARI, Science Direct, Cochrane Library databases and Google Scholar search engines from January 2020 to September 2021.Data extraction and synthesisThis review included all observational studies conducted in Ethiopia that reported the proportion of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors among HCWs. Two independent authors assessed the methodological quality of studies using Joanna Briggs Institute’s meta-analysis of statistical assessment and review instrument. The effect estimates for pooled proportion and pooled OR (POR) were determined.ResultsFrom retrieved 611 original studies, 21 studies were included in the meta-analysis with a total of n=7933 HCWs. The pooled proportion of good compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures among HCWs was 49.7% (95% CI: 42.3% to 57.1%). Being male (POR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.52 to 3.21), service years (>3 years) (POR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.94 to 3.64), training (POR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.78 to 2.98), positive attitude (POR=3.14, 95% CI: 1.66 to 5.94) and good knowledge (POR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.92 to 2.89) were factors significantly associated with good compliance towards COVID-19 preventive measures.ConclusionOur study indicated that approximately one in every two HCWs had good compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures. There must be more emphasis on providing further training sessions for the HCWs to improve their compliance with COVID-19 preventative measures.
Long-term human papillomavirus vaccination effectiveness and immunity in Rwandan women living with and without HIV: a study protocol
Authors: Murenzi Gad , Shumbusho Fabienne , Hansen Natasha , Munyaneza Athanase , Gage Julia C , Muhoza Benjamin , Kanyabwisha Faustin , Pierz Amanda , Tuyisenge Patrick , Anastos Kathryn , Castle Philip E 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionProphylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in protecting women against cervical infections, high-grade abnormalities and cancer caused by the targeted HPV types. However, the evidence for their effectiveness in women living with HIV (WLWH) is less clear.MethodsWLWH and HIV-negative women who likely did (birth cohorts 1996 and later) and WLWH and HIV(−) negative who likely did not (birth cohorts before 1996) receive HPV vaccination (n=3028; 757 participants for each of the four groups). Between groups, we will compare cervicovaginal, anal and oral prevalent and 6–12 month persistent HPV6/11/16/18 infections as measured using a modified AmpFire HPV genotyping assay that tests for 15 high-risk or intermediate-risk HPV genotypes, HPV6 and HPV11. We will also compare the HPV immune response in HPV-vaccinated WLWH to HPV-vaccinated HIV-negative women using an anti-HPV16 and anti-HPV18 ELISA. Vaccination status will be confirmed through national vaccination records.AnalysisWe will calculate point prevalence and prevalence of 6–12 month persisting infections by individual HPV-type specific infections and groups of infections for each anatomic site and for each group of women. Results will be stratified by age at vaccination, age at enrolment and the number of doses (3 vs 2) as well as other factors possibly associated with HPV prevalence. Differences in endpoints between groups, overall and between subgroups, will be tested for statistical significance (p<0.05) using Fisher’s exact or Pearson χ2 test. Differences in geometric mean titres and seropositivity will be tested for statistical significance using the Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests, respectively.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine Institutional Review Board and the Rwanda National Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Prevalence and correlates of self-reported cardiovascular disease in Mongolia: findings from the 2019 Mongolia STEPS cross-sectional survey
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of cardiovascular disease (ischaemic heart disease and/or stroke (IHDS)) in Mongolia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNational community-based sample of people aged 15–69 years in Mongolia.Participants6654 people (15–69 years, mean 41.3) who participated in the 2019 Mongolia STEPS survey.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-reported prevalence of IHDS and biological and social covariates. Determinants of IHDS were estimated with logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of IHDS was 14.0%, 15.6% among women and 12.3% among men. Older age (45–69 years), being married or cohabiting, and urban residence were positively associated, and male sex was negatively associated, with IHDS. Additionally, experience of threats, hypertension, current tobacco use, passive smoking, sedentary behaviour and high physical activity were positively associated with IHDS.ConclusionsAlmost one in seven people aged 15–69 years had IHDS in Mongolia. Several factors amenable to public health intervention for IHDS were identified, including experience of threats, hypertension, current tobacco use, passive smoking and sedentary behaviour.