bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Supplementary Light on Anthocyanin Synthesis in ‘McIntosh’ Apples1
Authors: Proctor J. T. A. , Creasy L. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Attached green apples of the cultivar ‘McIntosh’ exposed to the natural prevailing light within the tree canopy supplemented by continuous irradiation for 48 hours demonstrated that “Daylight” or “Grolux” fluorescent lamps were more efficient than incandescent or mercury-vapor lamps in promotion of anthocyanin synthesis. No anthocyanin was formed at energy levels less than 0.5 mW/cm2 for 48 hours. This suggested a minimum energy requirement of about 100 joules/cm2 for the initiation of anthocyanin synthesis, or a minimum intensity for response. The potential of these apples to synthesize anthocyanin when exposed to supplementary light was greatest about August 20. The anthocyanin induced in green apples within the tree by suplementary irradiation was gradually lost after the energy source was removed. Length of the induction stage for anthocyanin formation in continuous irradiation was the same, about 12-15 hours, for both attached and detached apples. If attached green apples were exposed to alternating light and dark periods, instead of continuous irradiation, 9 hours of supplementary irradiation (about 58 joules/cm2) at an intensity of 0.5 mW/cm2 was adequate to initiate pigment synthesis.
The Influence of Succinic Acid-2,2-dime thy lhydrazide on Peach Quality1,2
Authors: Sims E. T. , Gambrell C. E. , McClary J. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Succinic acid -2,2-dimethylhydrazide (Alar) was applied at various postbloom spray intervals and concentrations to ‘Ranger’ peaches from 1965 to 1969 and to ‘Cardinal’ and ‘Blake’ peaces in 1969. Fruit of each cultivar was harvested at a uniform firmness to determine the influence of Alar on quality attributes not directly associated with changes in fruit maturity. Color attributes, particularly flesh color, were enhanced by Alar over a wide range of spray dates to a much greater degree than other quality attributes at a given maturity. The results indicated a stimulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by Alar without a corresponding effect on other attributes normally considered to be indicators of physiological maturity.
Boron Tolerance of Squash, Melon, Cucumber, and Corn1
Authors: El-Sheikh Adel M. , Ulrich A. , Awad S. K. , Mawardy A. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Squash (Cucurbita pepo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), muskmelon (Cucumis melo) and corn (Zea mays.) plants were grown in sand culture with B as the variable. The plants were harvested when they showed a definite gradation of B toxicity symptoms from severe to none. Mature blades were analyzed for total B.
A significant decrease in top growth took place in corn and cucumber for culture solutions with B concentrations greater than 2 ppm; in squash and muskmelon, greater than 4 ppm. A 50% decrease in top growth took place in solutions with 6, 12, 12 and 16 ppm of B for cucumber, squash, muskmelon and corn, respectively, with cucumber the most sensitive and corn the least sensitive to B supply. The critical concentrations for B toxicity in mature blades at the onset of decreased top growth are 100, 400, 800 and 1,000 ppm, dry basis, for corn, cucumber, muskmelon and squash, respectively.
The Use of Correlated Responses in Sweetpotato Selection1
Authors: Jones Alfred 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The applicability of the method of correlated responses to selection of sweetpotatoes in a breeding program is illustrated by use of previously determined correlations between 21 traits Examples of the kinds of changes that might be expected due to correlated responses are pointed out. It is further demonstrated that knowledge of such responses can assist plant breeders in making prudent selections and in the design of improved breeding procedures. Agreement of predicted and realized correlated responses indicates that this technique is suited to use with the sweetpotato. Through mass selection procedures, cultivars with most any combination of traits desired should be possible.
Phytochrome Control of Flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium on Very Short Photoperiods1
Authors: Cathey H. M. , Borthwick H. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Inhibitory effects on flowering of chrysanthemums caused by far-red light at the beginning of certain inductive long nights were investigated. Such effects were found only under photoperiods shorter than those that occur naturally, even in midwinter, in latitudes where chrysanthemums are produced commercially. The results, therefore, do not apply to greenhouse or field practice but contribute to a better understanding of the control of flowering by light. These results are explained in terms of control by phytochrome. The active form of phytochrome (Pfr) is present during, and at the close of, every photoperiod. During the photoperiod it performs a flower-promoting function. If the photoperiod is too short, the promotive function must be completed by the Pfr left in the plant at the beginning of the dark period. In such a case, the promotive action appears to be low during the early hours of darkness, but reaches a climax after about 6 hr. Simultaneously with completion of its promotive action in darkness, Pfr decreases to a very low level, and it must remain at this low level during the remainder of the dark period for flowering to occur. Thus, far-red light at the beginning of darkness removes Pfr before the latter completes an essential promotive function; and red light, at a later hour of darkness, reintroduces Pfr at a time when its presence inhibits flowering.
T-Box Transcription Factor 2 Enhances Chemoresistance of Endometrial Cancer by Mediating NRF2 Expression
Authors: Zhuang Shichao , Ding Ning , Zhang Ting , Yu Xiaohui 
Published: August 2022

Background:The roles of T-Box transcription factor (TBX2) in endometrial cancer are still not clear. This study was designed to explore the roles of TBX2 in endometrial cancer and the underlying mechanisms.Methods:The knockdown and overexpression of TBX2 in endometrial cancer cell lines were constructed by using lentivirus transduction. The xenograft animal model was established by using stable endometrial cancer cell lines. Cell viability was determined by the CCK-8 assay. The mRNA and protein levels of target genes were determined by using qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. ChIP assay was used to determine the interactions between TBX2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2).Results:The upregulation of TBX2 was observed in endometrial cancer tissues from patients with Cisplatin-resistance and Cisplatin-resistant cells. Interestingly, TBX2 regulated cell viability and Cisplatin resistance of endometrial cancer cells. In addition, the regulatory effects of TBX2 on chemo-resistance of endometrial cancer cells were associated with the NRF2 signaling pathways. Consistently, the endometrial cancer xenograft animal model revealed that TBX2 regulated tumor growth and Cisplatin resistance, and its regulatory effects were in part by the regulation of NRF2 signaling pathways.Conclusion:TBX 2 enhanced Cisplatin resistance of endometrial cancer by regulating the NRF2 signaling pathways.
Comparative Bioavailability Study of a Novel Multi-Day Patch Formulation
of Rivastigmine (Twice Weekly) with Exelon® Transdermal Patch
(Daily)- A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Schurad Bjoern , Koch Cornelius , Schug Barbara , Morte Adelaida , Vaqué Anna , De la Torre Rafael , Iniesta Marc 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Rivastigmine, a reversible AChEI for symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer’s dementia is administered in once daily transdermal patches enabling an easier and continuous drug delivery. A novel multi-day (twice week) patch formulation with greater convenience for patients’ therapeutic management, was developed.

Objective:
To assess the bioequivalence under SS conditions of the multiple-day rivastigmine transdermal patch (Test Product, RID-TDS) in comparison to the once daily Exelon® transdermal patch (Reference Product), both at a release rate of 9.5 mg/24 h.

Design:
Single center, open-label, randomized, multiple dose study in healthy male adults in a 2-period, 2-sequence-crossover design with multiple applications.

Methods:
Patches were applied on 11 consecutive days for Exelon® and 4-3-4-day regimen for the multiday test patch (RID-TDS), separated by a 14-day wash-out period. The safety, local tolerability and inhibitory effect of rivastigmine on plasma BuChE activity were also evaluated.

Results:
57 subjects completed the study according to the protocol. Calculated point estimates and 90% CI for all primary parameters (AUC96-264, Cmax96-264 and Cmin96-264) were within the predefined acceptance interval of 80.00 – 125.00%. They were 113.64% (107.33 – 120.33), 105.14% (98.38 – 112.38) and 107.82% (97.78 – 118.89) respectively. Satisfactory adhesion (CI of mean adhesion above 90%) was demonstrated for RID-TDS but not for Exelon®.

Conclusion:
Bioequivalence was demonstrated between RID-TDS mg twice a week and Exelon® once a day in SS. Patch adhesion favored RID-TDS despite the longer dosing interval. Both products were well tolerated.

Trial Registration number:
Protocols are registered in ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03659435 and EudraCT: 2018-001570-18
Elimination, Containment, and Mitigation of COVID-19: A Personal Story
about International Travels
Authors: Hon Kum L. , Leung Karen K.Y. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The author and his wife report their unique experience of international travels during the COVID-19 pandemic, and discuss issues encountered in various countries.

Methods:
Narrated discussion of issues encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Discussion:
“Zero-COVID” versus “Living with COVID-19” strategies are compared. Children have unique issues with COVID-19 pandemic. Evaluation of efficacy of the approaches in pandem-ic with time should consider the main types of interventions (e.g., border management/quarantine; physical distancing; mask use; case isolation, testing and contact tracing; vaccination). The key met-rics that can be used to compare the impacts of different strategies between the cities (e.g., cumula-tive case rate, cumulative mortality rate, case fatality risk, stringency index, economic performance) should be identified. Research in these approaches can help manage future pandemics in corona-viruses and emerging infections. The UK started with very loose mitigation ('herd immunity') and then switched to a suppression approach in 2021, followed by "living with the virus" approach. Whereas HK has been targeting towards elimination throughout. In between, countries like Singa-pore, Australia and New Zealand have shifted from zero-COVID strategy to living with the virus. It is easier to have effective social control measures in Hong Kong because it has clear borders and an authoritarian government, but it did not have a clear exit policy when Omicron spread.
Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Patients with Peripartum
Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mujkanovic Jasmin , Qayyum Abbas Ali 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease, defined as idiopathic cardiomyopathy occurring towards the end of pregnancy or in the months following delivery, abortion or miscarriage. We aim to raise awareness of this condition and give an overview of current knowledge as well as an insight and comparison of clinical trials focusing on randomized controlled trials.

Material and methods:
Systematic literature searches were conducted using PubMed up to December 2021. Studies published involving clinical trials and interventions in women with PPCM after 1970 were selected.

Results:
Randomized controlled trials have shown that addition of Bromocriptine to standardized heart failure therapy improves outcome in terms of recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), symptoms and death. Bromocriptine 2.5 mg twice daily for two weeks followed by 2.5 mg once daily for six weeks had the best trend anAddition of Levosimendan to standardized heart failure therapy had no effect, whereas addition of Selenium had an improvement in heart failure symptoms but did not reduce risk in terms of unrecovered LVEF or death. One prospective study showed a potential usage of TNF-alfa inhibitors, but was never tried in a randomized clinical trial.d outcome.

Conclusion:
PPCM is a rare and potentially fatal disease. New insights in pathophysiology, genetics and clinical studies, particularly randomized controlled trials have shown that addition of Bromocriptine has a beneficial effect in terms of improved LVEF and death. However, some clinical studies have shown promising results using anti-inflammatory pharmacological agents with an improvement in LVEF. We suggest that targeting an anti-inflammatory route may prove beneficial in patients with PPCM. However, further research is highly warranted.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features and Misdiagnosis of Spinal Epidural
Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Xiao Meng-Qiang , Zhang Meng , Ye Jing-Zhi , Li Hong-Yi , Huang Pei-Kai , Chen Jun , Liu Jing-Feng 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Spinal epidural cavernous hemangiomas (SECHs) are rare, and merely a few
have previously been described in case reports. The present study aims to explore the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of SECHs and analyze the causes of their preoperative misdiagnosis.

Methods:
The present retrospective study included 11 patients (three male and eight female patients,
mean age ± standard deviation: 47.55±17.39 years old) with histopathologically confirmed SECH between January 2015 and April 2021. The MRI features of SECH were analyzed by two radiologists.

Results:
The cervical, thoracic and thoracolumbar segments were involved in 2, 7 and 2 patients, respectively. All lesions grew along the long axis of the spine. The tumors were shuttle-shaped in six
patients, oval in two patients, pseudopodia-shaped in one patient, clamp-shaped in one patient, and
growing outward along the intervertebral foramen in one patient. Nine SECHs had relatively uniform
isointense or hypointense T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and hyperintense T2-weighted imaging
(T2WI) signals. On the T2WI, filamentary low-signal shadows (i.e., the hairline or grid sign) with
significant contrast enhancement and asymptotic strengthening were observed. Two SECHs had mixed
high and low signals on T1WI and T2WI, with significant heterogeneous enhancement, hemorrhage,
and hemosiderin deposition. The SECH was misdiagnosed as meningioma, neurofibromatosis and
schwannoma in 1, 1 and 4 patients, respectively, while this was not diagnosed in one patient. The preoperative diagnosis was correct in merely approximately 36% of patients. Among the four patients
with a correct preoperative diagnosis, hemosiderin deposition was found in three patients and small
tortuous vascular shadows were found in one patient.

Conclusions:
SECH presents as a long spindle-shaped mass, and the “'pen cap sign” is common at the
lesion edges. SECH also exhibits a hairline or grid sign on T2WI. Furthermore, some lesions present
with hemorrhage and hemosiderin deposition. Therefore, the hairline, grid sign and hemosiderin deposition are valuable diagnostic features of SECH.
Current Approaches in Healing of Wounds in Diabetes and Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Gupta Sumeet , Chauhan Samrat , Chalotra Rishabh , Rathi Akshay , Saini Monika , Deol Shweta , Lard Mehak 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting more than 8.5 % adult population
in the world. Among various issues caused by diabetes, wound healing is a major cause of concern.

Objective:
Injuries are most common, and can be caused normally by abrasion, laceration (cuts),
injury, etc. But in diabetes, they do not heal so easily and cause problems. It can be due to a compromised
immune system, neuropathy, poor circulation, infections etc., which could lead to amputation
or even death. Current therapies for the treatment of wound healing in diabetic patients, have
side effects of their own, as there is no particular drug for the healing of wounds.

Methods:
Numerous surveys in literature were carried out to reveal the obstacles in diabetic
wound healing and current approaches to its management with emphasis on alternative therapies.
Relevant peer-reviewed research publications were searched through various online bibliographic
databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate (all
English-language articles).

Results:
Repurposed drugs include a class of statin, phenytoin, estrogen, and DPP4 inhibitors.
Plants with wound healing activity include Rosmarinus officinalis, Radix Rehmannia, Carica papaya,
Aloe vera, Catharanthus roseus, Punica granatum, etc. have been explored in pre-clinical
studies. Besides these studies, a lot of other studies, including clinical trials, have been performed
for wound healing in diabetes by using different procedures like Honey-dressing, Royal Jelly, Extracorporeal
Shock wave therapy, Manuka honey-impregnated dressing, LeucoPatch system, etc.

Conclusion:
In this review, an approach was made to study wound healing in diabetes and various
options that could be best suited for the treatment of wounds in diabetes.
Recent Advancements in Herbal Bioactive-based Nanoformulations for the
Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Rath Goutam , Biswasroy Prativa , Pradhan Deepak , Haldar Jitu , Kar Biswakanth , Ghosh Goutam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Psoriasis is a multifaceted inflammatory dermatological skin disease characterized by Tcell
(T-lymphocyte) activation, hyperproliferation, and abnormal epidermal keratinocyte differentiation.
Natural bioactive agents from plants including Psoralea corylifolia, Nigella sativa, Curcuma
longa, Capsicum annum, Smilax china, Woodfordia fructicosa, and others have recently gained a
lot of attention for their anti-psoriatic properties. However, inadequate drug absorption, lack of
specificity in drug release, and unintended skin reactions largely restrict their clinical efficacy.
Nanoformulations improve the pharmacodynamic characteristics that overcome drug delivery challenges
and enhance the anti-psoriatic activity. Nanostructured systems such as liposome, ethosome,
liposphere, and others have been reported to improve plant extract solubility, penetration, bioavailability,
bioactivity, and minimize undesirable effects, providing the way for the development of
herbal nanoformulation. This review enlights the therapeutic efficacy of lead phytocompounds and
its nanoformulations in managing psoriasis.
The Glucose-Regulated Protein78 (GRP78) in the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)
Pathway: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Breast Cancer
Authors: Karimabad Mojgan Noroozi , Sadeghipour Maryam Mohammad , Torabizadeh Seyedeh Atekeh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Amongst all types of cancers, breast cancer is recognized as the most common cancer and a principal cause
of morbidity and mortality in women. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways are primarily activated in cancer
cells and activate a signaling network called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Many tumors, by activating the UPR
pathway, allow them to adapt and grow under stressful conditions. UPR is usually inactive in non-tumor cells, while it
is active in tumor cells, so it is appropriate to develop new breast cancer therapies. A protein that regulates UPR is 78
KDa Glucose-Regulated Protein (GRP78). Usually, the GRP78 level in the cell is relatively low but increases significantly
under stresses that affect the ER and calcium homeostasis, and increases resistance to chemotherapy. GRP78
drug suppressors could provide promising anticancer therapeutics. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism
of GRP78 in cancer and identifying drugs that target GRP78 is essential for the treatment of breast cancer. In this review,
we investigate the role of GRP78 in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
High Prevalence of Panton-valentine Leukocidin-encoding Genes in
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Inpatients with
Invasive Infections at a University Hospital in Southern Brazil
Authors: Yamada-Ogatta Sueli Fumie , da Silva Raquel Soares , Duarte Felipe Crepaldi , Danelli Tiago , Olak Anna Paula Silva , Magalhães Gerusa Luciana Gomes , Pelisson Marsileni , Cardim Stefani Lino , Gonçalves Guilherme Bartolomeu , Vespero Eliana Carolina , Tavares Eliandro Reis , Yamauchi Lucy Megumi , Perugini Marcia Regina Eches 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of a wide diversity of infections in humans, and the expression of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) has been associated with severe clinical syndromes.

Objectives:
The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PVL-encoding genes in S. aureus isolated from clinical samples of inpatients with invasive infections in a teaching hospital in Southern Brazil. Furthermore, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of bacterial isolates were analyzed.

Methods:
A total of 98 S. aureus isolates recovered from different body sites were characterized according to their antimicrobial susceptibility profile, methicillin-resistance and SCCmec typing, genetic relatedness and occurrence of virulence-encoding genes such as icaA, lukS-PV/lukF-PV and tst.

Results:
Sixty-eight (69.4%) isolates were classified as methicillin-resistant and among them, four (5.9%) did not harbor the mecA gene. The mecA-harboring methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were grouped into SCCmec types I (6.3%), II (64.1%), III (6.3%), IV (15.6%), V (4.7%), and VI (1.6%). One isolate (1.6%) was classified as non-typeable (NT). Seventy isolates (71.4%) were classified as multidrug-resistant. The overall prevalence of virulence-encoding genes was as follows: icaA, 99.0%; tst, 27.5%; and lukS-PV/lukF-PV, 50.0%. The presence of tst gene was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) compared to MRSA isolates.

Conclusion:
The present study reports a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus harboring lukS-PV/lukF-PV and tst genes in invasive infections. The continuous monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and virulence of S. aureus is an important measure for the control of infections caused by this bacterium.
WITHDRAWN: Poloxamer and gelucire solid dispersion prepared by solvent evaporation; an effective means for solubility enhancement of tinidazole
Authors: Ahirrao Sapana , Kale Durgesh , Bhambere Deepak , Kuber Dinesh 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Many BCS Class II and IV drugs possess high therapeutic potential but shows less bioavailability due to poor solubility. Hence present study is focused on improvement of solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug; tinidazole.

Methods:
Solid dispersion of tinidazole were prepared with gelucire and poloxamer using various methods; kneading, fusion and solvent evaporation. Formulations were evaluated by saturation solubility, drug content, in vitro dissolution rate, FTIR, DSC, XRD and stability study. Optimised solid dispersions of gelucire and poloxamer provided dissolution rates faster than that of pure drug.

Results:
In vitro dissolution studies revealed that formulation batch Sg14 shows 94.43 percent drug release with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.949 and batch Sp14 shows 97.69 percent drug release with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.993. DSC study revealed that there was no interaction between drug and carrier whereas the XRD study of optimised formulation batches demonstrates that there was a significant decrease in crystallinity when compared with XRD pattern of pure drug tinidazole. Significant change in solubility and in vitro dissolution rate of tinidazole would be due to amorphous state maintained in the optimised formulation batches.

Conclusion:
Hence overall formulation and evaluation studies of present research work indicate that solid dispersion by solvent evaporation method is an effective means to improve the solubility of tinidazole.