bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Strategies toward Precision Medicine
Authors: Mohd Isa Isma Liza , Mokhtar Sabarul Afian , Abbah Sunny A. , Fauzi Mh Busra , Devitt Aiden , Pandit Abhay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration is a common cause of discogenic low back pain resulting in significant disability. Current conservative or surgical intervention treatments do not reverse the underlying disc degeneration or regenerate the disc. Biomaterial‐based tissue engineering strategies exhibit the potential to regenerate the disc due to their capacity to modulate local tissue responses, maintain the disc phenotype, attain biochemical homeostasis, promote anatomical tissue repair, and provide functional mechanical support. Despite preliminary positive results in preclinical models, these approaches have limited success in clinical trials as they fail to address discogenic pain. This review gives insights into the understanding of intervertebral disc pathology, the emerging concept of precision medicine, and the rationale of personalized biomaterial‐based tissue engineering tailored to the severity of the disease targeting early, mild, or severe degeneration, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the treatment for disc regeneration and ultimately to alleviate discogenic pain. Further research is required to assess the relationship between disc degeneration and lower back pain for developing future clinically relevant therapeutic interventions targeted towards the subgroup of degenerative disc disease patients.
Photo‐Enhanced‐Coordination Triggered Unprecedented Bistable AIE for Long‐Term Optical Memories
Authors: Jin Hongjun , Cai Yiteng , Li Hongpeng , Liao Peilong , Wu Tongyue , Ma Cheng , Chen Qinghua , Qian Qingrong , Huang Jianbin , Yan Yun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhoto‐triggered chromism has emerged as critically important in materials for advanced soft photonic devices. The conventional photochromic units with reversible color change between two isomers are unstable either thermally or photochemically, which is an important challenge for long‐standing optical devices. Here, a novel photo‐enhanced coordination mechanism leading to stable chromism is reported. Upon tethering the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) moiety diphenyldibenzofulvene (PBF) to a dicarboxylic pyridine group, photo‐irradiation triggers the coordination transition between the carbonate groups and Mg2+ from bidentate to the more stable bridging mode, which further influences the conformation of the remote PBF group, leading to transition of the emission color from cyan to yellow. Under ambient conditions, both coordinating isomers display excellent thermal and photochemical stability. As a result, the photo writings on the films based on the coordinating AIE materials exhibit the long‐term stability, which barely fades even upon heating, vapor fuming, or day‐light exposure. This photo‐enhanced‐coordination enabled bistable chromism is expected to open a new vista in the study of chromism and high durable optical memories.
Modeling and Experimental Verification of Surface Roughness for Grinding Monocrystalline Silicon Lens
Authors: Yang Fanxuan , Sun Yuli , Wang Yaji , Mo Honglei , Zhu Limin , Yuan Hang , Lu Bo , Zhang Guiguan , Zuo Dunwen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to study the formation mechanism of aspheric surface roughness and reveal the influence of processing parameters on the surface roughness. Aiming at the normal grinding method of aspheric surface, taking into account the geometric and kinematic characteristics of the grinding process of aspherical components, the surface roughness model of aspherical parts grinding is established and verified based on the theory of grinding technology. The relative error between the calculated value of the developed grinding surface roughness model and the actual measured value is within 20%. The model and experiments show that when the grinding wheel speed is 6000 r min−1, the workpiece speed is 70 r min−1, and the grinding depth is 70 μm, the aspheric surface roughness increases from about Ra0.1 μm at the center of the workpiece to about Ra0.4 μm at the outer edge of the workpiece. Increasing the grinding wheel speed, reducing the grinding depth and the workpiece speed can significantly reduce the surface roughness and make the aspheric surface roughness distribution tend to be uniform. The theoretical model proposed in this paper provides theoretical guidance for the controllable and efficient machining of aspheric components.
Development and Challenges of Biphasic Membrane‐Less Redox Batteries
Authors: Li Xinyu , Qin Zhenbo , Deng Yida , Wu Zhong , Hu Wenbin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIon exchange membranes (IEMs) play important roles in energy generation and storage field, such as fuel cell, flow battery, however, a major barrier in the way of large‐scale application is the high cost of membranes (e.g., Nafion membranes price generally exceeds USD$ 200 m−2). The membrane‐less technology is one of the promising approaches to solve the problem and thus has attracted much attention and been explored in a variety of research paths. This review introduces one of the representative membrane‐less battery types, Biphasic membrane‐less redox batteries that eliminate the IEMs according to the principle of solvent immiscibility and realizes the phase splitting in a thermodynamically stable state. It is systematically classified and summarizes their performances as well as the problems they are suffering from, and then several effective solutions are proposed based on the modification of electrodes and electrolytes. Finally, special attention is given to the challenges and prospects of Biphasic membrane‐less redox batteries, which could contribute to the development of membrane‐less batteries.
Distinct Stress‐Dependent Signatures of Cellular and Extracellular tRNA‐Derived Small RNAs
Authors: Li Guoping , Manning Aidan C. , Bagi Alex , Yang Xinyu , Gokulnath Priyanka , Spanos Michail , Howard Jonathan , Chan Patricia P. , Sweeney Thadryan , Kitchen Robert , Li Haobo , Laurent Brice D. , Aranki Sary F. , Kontaridis Maria I. , Laurent Louise C. , Van Keuren‐Jensen Kendall , Muehlschlegel Jochen , Lowe Todd M. , Das Saumya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cellular response to stress is an important determinant of disease pathogenesis. Uncovering the molecular fingerprints of distinct stress responses may identify novel biomarkers and key signaling pathways for different diseases. Emerging evidence shows that transfer RNA‐derived small RNAs (tDRs) play pivotal roles in stress responses. However, RNA modifications present on tDRs are barriers to accurately quantifying tDRs using traditional small RNA sequencing. Here, AlkB‐facilitated methylation sequencing is used to generate a comprehensive landscape of cellular and extracellular tDR abundances in various cell types during different stress responses. Extracellular tDRs are found to have distinct fragmentation signatures from intracellular tDRs and these tDR signatures are better indicators of different stress responses than miRNAs. These distinct extracellular tDR fragmentation patterns and signatures are also observed in plasma from patients on cardiopulmonary bypass. It is additionally demonstrated that angiogenin and RNASE1 are themselves regulated by stressors and contribute to the stress‐modulated abundance of sub‐populations of cellular and extracellular tDRs. Finally, a sub‐population of extracellular tDRs is identified for which AGO2 appears to be required for their expression. Together, these findings provide a detailed profile of stress‐responsive tDRs and provide insight about tDR biogenesis and stability in response to cellular stressors.
Smith Magenis syndrome: First case of congenital heart defect in a patient with Rai1 mutation
Authors: Onesimo Roberta , Delogu Angelica Bibiana , Blandino Rita , Leoni Chiara , Rosati Jessica , Zollino Marcella , Zampino Giuseppe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSmith Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a rare neurobehavioral disorder caused by 17p11.2 microdeletion encompassing Retinoic Acid‐Induced 1 (RAI1) gene (90% of cases) or by RAI1 point mutation (10% of cases). The neuropsychological phenotype of individuals with 17p11.2 deletion and in those with RAI1 variants mostly overlaps. However, cardiac defects have been described only in patients with a deletion so far. Here, we present the first case of a patient affected by SMS caused by RAI1 variant in whom a severe congenital pulmonary valve stenosis was diagnosed at birth, requiring trans catheter dilatation in the first month of life. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum associated with RAI1 variants in SMS, describing a previously unreported association with a congenital heart disease.
Bardet–Biedl syndrome: The pleiotropic role of the chaperonin‐like BBS6, 10, and 12 proteins
Authors: Gupta Neha , D'Acierno Mariavittoria , Zona Enrica , Capasso Giovambattista , Zacchia Miriam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare pleiotropic disorder known as a ciliopathy. Despite significant genetic heterogeneity, BBS1 and BBS10 are responsible for major diagnosis in western countries. It is well established that eight BBS proteins, namely BBS1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 18, form the BBSome, a multiprotein complex serving as a regulator of ciliary membrane protein composition. Less information is available for BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12, three proteins showing sequence homology with the CCT/TRiC family of group II chaperonins. Even though their chaperonin function is debated, scientific evidence demonstrated that they are required for initial BBSome assembly in vitro. Recent studies suggest that genotype may partially predict clinical outcomes. Indeed, patients carrying truncating mutations in any gene show the most severe phenotype; moreover, mutations in chaperonin‐like BBS proteins correlated with severe kidney impairment. This study is a critical review of the literature on genetics, expression level, cellular localization and function of BBS proteins, focusing primarily on the chaperonin‐like BBS proteins, and aiming to provide some clues to understand the pathomechanisms of disease in this setting.
International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction
Authors: Patel Zara M. , Holbrook Eric H. , Turner Justin H. , Adappa Nithin D. , Albers Mark W. , Altundag Aytug , Appenzeller Simone , Costanzo Richard M. , Croy Ilona , Davis Greg E. , Dehgani‐Mobaraki Puya , Doty Richard L. , Duffy Valerie B. , Goldstein Bradley J. , Gudis David A. , Haehner Antje , Higgins Thomas S. , Hopkins Claire , Huart Caroline , Hummel Thomas , Jitaroon Kawinyarat , Kern Robert C. , Khanwalkar Ashoke R. , Kobayashi Masayoshi , Kondo Kenji , Lane Andrew P. , Lechner Matt , Leopold Donald A. , Levy Joshua M. , Marmura Michael J. , Mclelland Lisha , Miwa Takaki , Moberg Paul J. , Mueller Christian A. , Nigwekar Sagar U. , O'Brien Erin K. , Paunescu Teodor G. , Pellegrino Robert , Philpott Carl , Pinto Jayant M. , Reiter Evan R. , Roalf David R. , Rowan Nicholas R. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Schwob James , Seiden Allen M. , Smith Timothy L. , Soler Zachary M. , Sowerby Leigh , Tan Bruce K. , Thamboo Andrew , Wrobel Bozena , Yan Carol H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O).MethodsUsing previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence‐based review, or evidence‐based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus.ResultsThe ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies.ConclusionThis critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
Clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 infection among patients with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Mingfei , Kazis Lewis E. , Xia Weiming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) and COVID‐19 share common risk factors including hypertension. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) are frequently prescribed antihypertension medications.MethodsThis study analyzed 436,823 veterans tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We conducted both classical and propensity score weighted logistic models to compare COVID‐19 outcomes between patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to those without cognitive impairment, and examined effect of ACEI/ARB prescription.ResultsThere was a statistically significant association between AD and increased odds of infection and mortality. MCI was not found to be a risk factor for infection. Subjects with MCI exhibited poor clinical outcomes. Prescribing ARBs but not ACEIs was significantly associated with a lower risk of COVID‐19 occurrence among AD and MCI patients.DiscussionExploring beneficial effects of existing medications to reduce the impact of COVID‐19 on patients with AD or MCI is highly significant.Highlights
There is significant association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and increased risk of COVID‐19 infection and odds of mortality.
Subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) defined by claims data exhibit poor clinical outcomes, but MCI was not found to be a risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
Prescribing angiotensin II receptor blockers was significantly associated with a lower risk of COVID‐19 occurrence among AD/MCI patients.
Association of Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 Allele with Enlarged Perivascular Spaces
Authors: Pinheiro Adlin , Demissie Serkalem , Scruton Ashlea , Charidimou Andreas , Parva Pedram , DeCarli Charles , Seshadri Sudha , Romero José R. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveEnlarged perivascular spaces have emerged as markers of cerebral small vessel disease and are linked to perivascular drainage dysfunction. The apolipoprotein E‐ɛ4 (APOE‐ɛ4) allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's neuropathology, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We studied the relationship between APOE‐ɛ4 and the topography and burden of enlarged perivascular spaces to elucidate underlying mechanisms between APOE‐ɛ4 and adverse clinical outcomes.MethodsWe included 3,564 Framingham Heart Study participants with available genotypes and magnetic resonance imaging. Enlarged perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia and centrum semiovale were rated using a validated scale. We related APOE‐ɛ4 allele presence to high burden of enlarged perivascular spaces in each region and a mixed score reflecting high burden in both regions using multivariable logistic regression. Exploratory analyses incorporated presence of cerebral microbleeds and assessed effect modification by hypertension.ResultsMean age was 60.7 years (SD = 14.6), 1,644 (46.1%) were men, 1,486 (41.8%) were hypertensive, and 836 (23.5%) participants were APOE‐ɛ4 carriers. APOE‐ɛ4 was associated with high burden of enlarged perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16, 1.81) and mixed regions (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.68). Associations were slightly stronger in hypertensive subjects.InterpretationThe APOE‐ɛ4 allele plays a modest role in the burden of enlarged perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying small vessel disease type in community‐dwelling individuals with predominant centrum semiovale enlarged perivascular spaces, which may be hypertensive angiopathy in our sample. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:23–31
Temperature‐Controlled and Photoexcited Multitasking Janus Metasurface in the Terahertz Region
Authors: Guo Zi‐Han , Sun Yuan‐Zhe , Zeng Li , Zhang Hai‐Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a photoexcited multitasking Janus metasurface (MJM) based on the phase‐changed material vanadium dioxide and the photosensitive materials silicon and germanium in the terahertz (THz) region is proposed, which also exploits the directionality feature of electromagnetic waves. The MJM can switch its functionalities between working band shifting and full‐space polarized wave control, and six functions can be implemented by exciting the switchable materials. By regulating the power of the incident pump beam, it is feasible to complete band adjustment in terms of normal incidence, i.e. the band range of polarization conversion ratio >0.9 changing from 1.23 THz–1.91 THz to 0.98 THz–1.91 THz in the reflection state and axial ratio (AR) <3 dB band range toggling between 0.69 THz–1.08 THz and 0.67 THz–0.96 THz in the transmission state. However, for the backward incidence,, it presents reflective linear‐to‐circle (LTC) polarization conversion (PC), with AR <3 dB domain of 0.99 THz–1.63 THz. The multiple reflection interference theory and electric field distributions are introduced to interpret the high performance. Moreover, the designed device exhibits a high angular tolerance for achieving LTC PC. The integration of numerous functions in a single structure endows the MJM with the great benefit for efficient polarization‐controlled applications.
Synthesis, spectroscopic, CO‐releasing ability, and anticancer activity studies of [Mn(CO)3(L–L)Br] complexes: Experimental and density functional theory studies
Authors: Thomas Jisha Mary , Vidhyapriya Pitchavel , Sivan Akhil K. , Sakthivel Natarajan , Sivasankar Chinnappan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo different series of manganese(I) tricarbonyl complexes containing phosphine‐based (1–5) and 4′‐substituted 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine‐based ligands (6–10) have been synthesized in order to study their CO‐releasing ability and to investigate their anticancer activity. All the synthesized complexes (1–10) have been fully characterized using standard spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Further 5, 7, and 9 have also been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Although both the sets of ligands are π‐acceptors, they tend to change the Mn—CO bond strength upon complexation, thus affecting the CO release. Photoactivation of 1–5 and 6–10 has been achieved using 365 nm UV irradiation and low intensity visible light, respectively. The MnCO bond strength has been examined using the density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations. In order to find the therapeutic viability of the visible light activated complexes, their cytotoxicity has been investigated both in the dark and under irradiation. The MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay reveals the potential application of some of the synthesized complexes especially towards the lung cancer cells in the dark condition.
Small no‐take areas benefit hard corals more than regulation through fishing permits
Authors: Wright Luka Seamus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Situated in the coral triangle, the Philippines hosts some of the world's most diverse coral reefs. Yet there are few national marine protected areas (MPAs) in place that coincide with these reefs. Municipal MPAs partially alleviate this issue but a controlled comparison of the effects of different small‐scale management strategies on coral reefs is lacking.
Danjugan Island Marine Reserve and Sanctuaries (DIMRS) is one of these community‐based MPAs that encompasses a collection of small (0.3–0.34 km2) marine reserves situated in a larger MPA where fishing is regulated through permits. The unique juxtaposition of different management strategies within DIMRS was used as a model system to test whether reserves are better for corals than limited fishing permits by comparing ecosystem indicators (coral cover, bleaching, disease, and morphological diversity).
Total and live hard corals were 169% and 204% more abundant inside than outside no‐take zones in 2016. This distinction increased between 2002 and 2016 as a result of a more marked decrease in coral cover over time in the partially protected zones. A 70% higher coral community evenness outside the reserves further suggests that scleractinian coral communities on fished reefs are more disturbed.
Live coral cover within the MPAs of DIMRS in 2016 (39 ± 4%) is above the current mean for Philippine reefs (23%) and is comparable with the long‐term average for reefs situated within Philippine MPAs (36%). This study suggests that exceptionally small reserves may benefit hard corals more than regulation via fishing permits.
A reconstruction of the occupation layer of archaeological sites according to a statistical analysis of multispectral imaging
Authors: Zhurbin Igor V. , Zlobina Anna G. , Shaura Alexander S. , Bazhenova Aigul I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the modern era and especially in the 20th century, the territory with most of the archaeological sites in central Russia and the Urals was used as agricultural land. The history of long‐term studies of medieval Finno‐Ugric settlements (Cis‐Urals) makes it possible to distinguish segments of an occupation layer in various states of preservation: superficially disrupted, replaced and transported. Superficially disrupted and replaced layers are found at the settlement site and are believed to be residential and economic areas​​. The transported layer is mainly transported to the slopes of the terraces to which the sites of the Chepetskaya culture are assigned. Therefore, it is necessary to study not only the site of the settlement itself but also the adjacent territory. To reconstruct the boundaries and structure of medieval settlements, a new methodological approach has been proposed. Initially, a statistical analysis of multispectral aerial photography data was carried out: the calculation of Haralick's textural features; the reduction in the number of features by principal component analysis and the segmentation of images based on the obtained features using the k‐means method. This makes it possible to divide the settlement site and the surrounding area into areas with fundamentally different vegetation intensities. A comparison with the geophysical, soil and archaeological survey data allows the interpretation of the identified areas. The research was carried out at the settlement of Kushman‐3 (9th–13th centuries AD). Two lines of defensive structures, which are not manifested in the relief, were identified; the structural parts of the settlement were determined and an interpretation of the way they were used in the Middle Ages was proposed. As a result of the application of the new statistical algorithm, the locations of occupation layer segments in different states of preservation were determined, and the boundaries of the Kushman‐3 settlement were substantiated.