bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Concepts for Solution and Solid‐State Emitters – A Modern Viewpoint on Classical and Non‐Classical Approaches
Authors: Huber Alexander , Dubbert Justin , Scherz Tim D. , Voskuhl Jens 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor a long time, luminescence phenomena were strictly distinguished between the emission of isolated molecules in dilute solutions or close‐packed structures such as in powders or aggregates. This changed with the breakthrough observation of dual‐state efficient materials, which led to a rapid boost of publications examining the influence of structural features to achieve balanced emission with disregarded molecular surroundings. Some first general structural design concepts have already been proposed based on reoccurring patterns and pivotal motifs. However, we have found another way to classify these solution and solid‐state emitters (SSSEs). Hence, this minireview aims to present an overview of published structural features of SSSEs while shining light on design concepts from a more generalized perspective. Since SSSEs are believed to bridge the gap of hitherto known aggregation‐sensitive compound classes, we hope to give future scientists a versatile tool in hand to efficiently design novel luminescent materials.
Protonated Porphyrins: Bifunctional Catalysts for the Metal‐Free Synthesis of N‐Alkyl‐Oxazolidinones
Authors: Cavalleri Matteo , Damiano Caterina , Manca Gabriele , Gallo Emma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe protonation of commercially available porphyrin ligands yields a class of bifunctional catalysts able to promote the synthesis of N‐alkyl oxazolidinones by CO2 cycloaddition to corresponding aziridines. The catalytic system does not require the presence of any Lewis base or additive, and shows interesting features both in terms of cost effectiveness and eco‐compatibility. The metal‐free methodology is active even with a low catalytic loading of 1 % mol, and the chemical stability of the protonated porphyrin allowed it to be recycled three times without any decrease in performance. In addition, a DFT study was performed in order to suggest how a simple protonated porphyrin can mediate CO2 cycloaddition to aziridines to yield oxazolidinones.
Simultaneous Optimization of Efficiency, Stretchability, and Stability in All‐Polymer Solar Cells via Aggregation Control†
Authors: Xian Kaihu , Zhou Kangkang , Li Mingfei , Liu Junwei , Zhang Yaowen , Zhang Tao , Cui Yong , Zhao Wenchao , Yang Chunming , Hou Jianhui , Geng Yanhou , Ye Long 
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive SummaryWith the emergence of Y‐series small molecule acceptors, polymerizing the small molecule acceptors with aromatic linker units has attracted significant research attention, which has greatly advanced the photovoltaic performance of all‐polymer solar cells. Despite the rapid increase in efficiency, the unique characteristics (e. g., mechanical stretchability and flexibility) of all‐polymer systems were still not thoroughly explored. In this work, we demonstrate an effective approach to simultaneously improve device performance, stability, and mechanical robustness of all‐polymer solar cells by properly suppressing the aggregation and crystallization behaviors of polymerized Y‐series acceptors. Strikingly, when introducing 50 wt% PYF‐IT (a fluorinated version of PY‐IT) into the well‐known PM6:PY‐IT system, the all‐polymer devices delivered an impressive photovoltaic efficiency of 16.6%, significantly higher than that of the control binary cell (15.0%). Compared with the two binary systems, the optimal ternary blend exhibits more efficient charge separation and balanced charge transport accompanying with less recombination. Moreover, a high‐performance 1.0 cm2 large‐area device of 15% efficiency was demonstrated for the optimized ternary all‐polymer blend, which offered a desirable PCE of 14.5% on flexible substrates and improved mechanical flexibility after bending 1000 cycles. Notably, these are among the best results for 1.0 cm2 all‐polymer OPVs thus far. This work also heralds a bright future of all‐polymer systems for flexible wearable energy‐harvesting applications.
Visible Light‐Induced C‐5 Selective C—H Radical Borylation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with NHC‐Boranes
Authors: Zheng Huitao , Lu Hao , Su Chaobo , Yang Runlong , Zhao Limin , Liu Xiang , Cao Hua 
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive SummaryA visible‐light‐induced C‐5 selective C—H borylation of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with NHC‐BH3 via Minisci‐type radical borylation reaction has been developed for the first time. The present sustainable protocol provides a new family of regioselectively C5‐borylated imidazopyridines that would otherwise be difficult to prepare. It is a supplement to site‐selective borylation of azines (nitrogen‐containing aromatic heterocycles) and the assembly of sp2 carbon‐boron bond.
Transmission range extension strategy of parity–time‐symmetry‐based wireless power transfer system by a boost converter
Authors: Chen Jintao , Xie Fan , Zhang Bo , Chen Yanfeng , Xiao Wenxun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe wireless power transfer (WPT) system based on the parity–time (PT) symmetry can realize stable power transmission with constant efficiency and output power in the PT‐symmetric region. In some applications with long transmission distance requirements, such as medical treatment, it is meaningful to expand the PT‐symmetric region by reducing the critical coupling coefficient. Therefore, a novel WPT system based on PT symmetry with a boost converter in secondary side is proposed in this article to expand the transmission range. The circuit theory is used to analyze the presented system. Then two models with different drive signals of the boost converter are established and simulated respectively to show the effect of the proposed system compared with the original PT‐symmetry‐based WPT system. Finally, the experimental results verify that the proposed system can play a role in extending the stable transmission distance or in suppressing the output power growth of the PT‐symmetric‐based WPT system.
An integrated of buck and half‐bridge high step‐down converter utilizing single‐stage driving design for high‐efficiency energy conversions
Authors: Tseng Kuo‐Ching , Shih En‐Ming , Huang Guan‐Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an integrated of buck and half‐bridge high step‐down converter utilizing single‐stage driving design for high‐efficiency energy conversion is proposed. The proposed converter has the ability to instantly and synchronously transfer energy from input to output within one conversion period. The proposed topology is capable of lowering the primary side voltage of the transformer, so the turns ratio could be reduced. The coupling rate is therefore better along with the leakage inductance. Furthermore, the duty cycle operated in an extreme situation is not necessary. As a combination of the advantages of high step‐down conversion, lower voltage stresses, and fewer amount of semiconductor elements, the feasibility of the proposed topology is verified by the implementation of a 300 W prototype. The proposed integrated topology utilizes the single‐stage energy transfer control algorithm to verify that the proposed experimental circuit has a full load efficiency of 92.4%, in the case of input voltage 380 V and output voltage 5 V, and the maximum efficiency, occurring at 100 W, is 94.55%.
Anthropogenic mortality of large mammals and trends of conflict over two decades in Nepal
Authors: Baral Kedar , Bhandari Shivish , Adhikari Binaya , Kunwar Ripu M. , Sharma Hari P. , Aryal Achyut , Ji Weihong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWildlife conservation in human‐dominated landscapes faces increased challenges due to rising conflicts between humans and wildlife. We investigated the human and wildlife loss rates due to human–wildlife conflict between 2000 and 2020 in Nepal. We concentrated on Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), greater one‐horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis), tiger (Panthera tigirs), and leopard (Panthera pardus) mortality, as well as human mortality caused by these species. Over the 21‐year period, we recorded 1139 cases of wildlife mortality and 887 cases of human mortality. Leopard mortality was the highest, followed by that of greater one‐horned rhinos, tigers, and Asian elephants. Overall, the rate of wildlife mortality has been increasing over the years. Asian elephants were found to be more responsible for crop damage than greater one‐horned rhinos, while leopards were found to be more responsible for livestock depredation than tigers. The generalized linear model indicated that the mortality of wildlife in the districts is best predicted by the additive effect of human mortality, the proportion of agricultural land, and the literacy rate of the districts. Retaliatory wildlife mortality was the most challenging issue for wildlife conservation, especially for the large mammals. Findings from this study are important for mitigation of human–wildlife conflicts, controlling retaliatory killing, and conserving these threatened large mammals.
Sand supply and dune grass species density affect foredune shape along the US Central Atlantic Coast
Authors: Jay Katya R. , Hacker Sally D. , Hovenga Paige A. , Moore Laura J. , Ruggiero Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoastal foredunes form via biophysical feedbacks between sand accretion and burial‐tolerant vegetation and can protect coastlines from hazards such as extreme storms and sea level rise. Predicting how coastal dunes, and the services they provide, will change in the future requires an understanding of the relative roles of the physical and ecological processes that shape their structure and function. Here we assess the relative roles of sand supply, beach morphology, and vegetation in determining foredune morphology, and its change, along a 300‐km stretch of the US Central Atlantic coast. In particular, we used the spatial variability inherent in beaches and dunes of this region to determine the relative importance of shoreline change rate (SCR; a proxy for sand supply to the beach), beach morphology, and grass density of four widespread dune grasses (Uniola paniculata, Ammophila breviligulata, Panicum amarum, and Spartina patens) to foredune morphology metrics (height, width, and aspect ratio) along the North Carolina Outer Banks barrier islands. Foredune morphology and change metrics are correlated with three main factors: multidecadal SCR (1997–2016), beach slope, and dune grass density and species identity. Multidecadal SCR and beach width explained the most variation in, and were positively correlated with, foredune height and width, and were negatively correlated with foredune aspect ratio (height divided by width). In addition, grass density and changes in grass density contributed significantly to foredune morphology change. We found a positive relationship between change in A. breviligulata density and foredune width, which aligns with previous studies on the US Atlantic and Pacific Northwest coasts. Our results demonstrate the interactive roles of beach sand supply and dune grass functional morphology in dune building processes on highly vulnerable coastlines.
COSCO2: AI‐augmented evolutionary algorithm based workload prediction framework for sustainable cloud data centers
Authors: Karthikeyan R. , Balamurugan V. , Cyriac Robin , Sundaravadivazhagan B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWorkload prediction is the necessary factor in the cloud data center for maintaining the elasticity and scalability of resources. However, the accuracy of workload prediction is very low, because of redundancy, noise, and low accuracy for workload prediction in cloud data center. Therefore, in this article, a tree hierarchical deep convolutional neural network (T‐CNN) optimized with sheep flock optimization algorithm based work load prediction is proposed for sustainable cloud data centers. Initially, the historical data from the cloud data center is preprocessed using kernel correlation method. The proposed T‐CNN approach is used for workload prediction in dynamic cloud environment. The weight parameters of the T‐CNN model are optimized by sheep flock optimization algorithm. The proposed COSCO2 method has accurately predicts the upcoming workload and reduces extravagant power consumption at cloud data centers. The proposed approach is evaluated utilizing two benchmark datasets: (i) NASA, (ii) Saskatchewan HTTP traces. The simulation of this model is implemented in java tool and the parameters are calculated. From the simulation, the proposed method attains 20.64%, 32.95%, 12.05%, 32.65%, 26.54% high accuracy, and 27.4%, 26%, 23.7%, 34.7%, 36.5% lower energy consumption for validating NASA dataset, similarly 20.75%, 19.06%, 29.09%, 23.8%, 20.5% high accuracy, 20.84%, 18.03%, 28.64%, 30.72%, 33.74% lower energy consumption for validating Saskatchewan HTTP traces dataset than the existing approaches, like auto adaptive differential evolution algorithm BiPhase adaptive learning‐based neural network, error preventive score in time series forecasting models, time series forecasting methods for cloud data workload prediction, and self‐directed workload forecasting method.
Stabilisierung eines Kriechhangs für den Sicherheitsausbau der S31 Burgenland Schnellstraße
Authors: Drucker Petra , Hofmann Robert , Mayer Harald , Stadelmann Udo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the construction of the S31 Burgenland expressway in the 1980s, a deep‐seated landslide was activated in the Sieggraben area (Central Burgenland, Austria) on the E8 cutting slope over a length of about 200 m. At that time, the high movement rate of the landslide could only be controlled by flattening the slope significantly. At the beginning of the 2000s, additional stabilising piles (dowels) were installed in combination with a deep groundwater drainage system. Although the landslide was stabilised by these measures, discrete zones of weakness, i.e. shear zones, remained in the subsoil due to the original slope movement. For widening the expressway in 2018 to 2021, the toe of the E8 embankment had to be set back by up to about 6 m. Due to this change in the existing stress condition, it was feared that the pre‐existing shear zones would be reactivated. In order to maintain the safety level, structural reinforcement measures as well as a monitoring concept based on the Observational Method were needed during the construction phase.
Development of dynamic grouting under laboratory and field conditions
Authors: Zirgulis Giedrius , Nejad Ghafar Ali , Chaudhari Ojas Arun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhen it comes to underground structures, water ingress from the surrounding formations leads to several environmental, economic and sustainability issues. To obtain the sealing, the grouting of rock fractures is done. Today, in the grouting operations, which are commonly conducted in almost all the tunnel and subsurface infrastructure projects, the pressure applied is static. This type of applied pressure might be suitable for the large fracture apertures > 100 μm, but it has been acknowledged that it is difficult to obtain sufficient penetration through smaller apertures, where filtration of cement particles starts to occur. Research is already done to overcome this issue by applying dynamic grouting pressure instead of static. It was proved that this approach erodes the formed filter cakes and improves grout penetrability in fractures below 100 μm. This research focuses on low‐frequency rectangular pressure impulse as an alternative to other methods. The goal is to improve grout spread in micro‐fractures (especially in apertures < 70 μm). During the investigation, a prototype dynamic injection equipment was built and tested under laboratory conditions. The 4 m variable aperture long slot (VALS) was used in the experiments to simulate rock fractures. The test showed better grout penetrability using dynamic pressure approach. At the current time of writing this article, preparation works are done for field test of prototype equipment at SKB Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) at Äspö, Sweden.
Die Bohr‐ und Injektionsarbeiten des Bauloses SBT 1.1 – Tunnel Gloggnitz
Authors: Hauer Hannes , Ekici Zafer , Entfellner Manuel , Puttinger Andreas , Passmann Svend , Hofmann Thomas , Peintner Christine , Wannenmacher Helmut , Kratz Thorsten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Semmering Base Tunnel (SBT), which has a total length of 27.3 km, is one of the most important construction projects in the Baltic‐Adriatic railway corridor. The base tunnel crosses the foothills of the Eastern Alps and connects the two federal states of Lower Austria and Styria. Due to the complex rock conditions, extensive and novel grouting systems are used. The primary target of the grouting is to reduce the permeability of the rocks and reduce the water entry (peak water ingress in the tunnelling area up to 300 l/s), as well as to improve the rock mass strength in some parts.Based on the grouting design, specific drilling and grouting procedures with various grouting materials were developed for sealing and tempering the water‐bearing areas of Grassberg and Otterstock. Innovations include the development of a standpipe packer and a cased grouting‐pipe system with grouting valves to prevent erosion along the drilling line for use in unstable borehole conditions. The combined cement/polyurethane suspension (hybrid grout) allows an extended economical use of cement suspensions.
Neubau des Pumpspeicherwerks Forbach
Authors: Stech Hans‐Joachim , Achatz Robert , Strasser Peter , Thermann Karsten , Caccavo Gabriella , Gommel Ulrich , Kamuf Ingo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Rudolf‐Fettweis hydropower plant, owned and operated by EnBW Energie Baden‐Württemberg AG, is situated in the Murg valley in the Northern Black Forest. The construction of a new underground Lower Basin is planned to upgrade the existing hydropower station. The in‐situ rock mass consists of Forbach Granite with local weakness zones, as encountered in the boreholes. Considering the extent of the project area, a 3D geological prediction model was used to allow a better interpretation of the spatial relationships of weakness zones in the rock mass and to optimize the orientation of the underground caverns. Adverse effects for the public were counteracted at a very early stage, so that the project received a high level of public acceptance. The present paper describes the current state of the project.
Auswirkungen der außergewöhnlichen Schneeschmelze 2019 auf den Speicherhang Hochmais
Authors: Holzmann Michael , Perzlmaier Sebastian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe rockslide systems along the Gepatsch reservoir in the Kaunertal valley are among the best investigated and monitored slopes in the Alps since TIWAG began operating the Kaunertal power plant in 1964. The rockslide systems consist of several individual slabs with variable activity. Only the deformation characteristics of the Hochmais slab shows transient behaviour and depends on external influences such as reservoir operation. No effects from heavy precipitation or snowmelt on the deformation characteristics were observed prior to 2019. The large amount of precipitation accumulated as snow in the winter of 2018/2019, combined with cool spring weather and low reservoir level, resulted in an increased deformation rate of the Hochmais slab due to excessive snowmelt in June 2019. The maximum deformation rate of several mm per week was the highest activity of the Hochmais slab since the end of the first impoundment period in 1966. In response to this exceptional situation, the engineers at TIWAG, in conjunction with external experts and the competent authorities, temporarily restricted the reservoir operation. The increased rates of deformation of the Hochmais slab decreased to the expected level in the late summer of 2019
Survival and causes of death among people with clinically diagnosed dementia with Lewy bodies: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Zuo Meimei , Yue Wenjie , Zhang Ding , Liu Shuai , Gan Jinghuan , Wang Xiao‐Dan , Wu Hao , Ji Yong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveA comprehensive study of the survival and causes of death of people with clinically diagnosed Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) were few. The aim of our study was to investigate the survival and causes of death of DLB.MethodsThe patients diagnosed with probable DLB were consecutively enrolled from five memory clinics in China across a 5‐year period (2017–2021) with mortality data updated to December 2021. The endpoint was all‐cause death. Survival analysis including Cox regression by groups (time both from disease onset and the first visit to death) and causes of death were evaluated.ResultsOf the 108 patients with DLB, 54 (50%) were men and the time from onset of disease to the first visit to the memory clinic (lag time) was 24 (12–48) months. During follow‐up, 28.7% (n = 31) of the patients died. The median survival time both from disease onset and the first visit were 81 (95% cognitive impairment (CI) 69.09–92.91) and 45 (95% CI 34.78–55.22) months, respectively. The use of antipsychotic drugs (HR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03–0.75), moderate to severe dementia (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR]) at the first visit (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.62) and the longer lag time (HR 0.943, 95% CI 0.92–0.97) predicted a shorter survival. Failure to thrive (stopped eating, drinking) or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) maybe the most common cause of death (41.7%), followed by pneumonia or aspiration (29.2%).ConclusionsThe factors associated with survival time were disease severity level, antipsychotic drug use and lag time to seek medical advice. Failure to thrive or MODS and pneumonia were probably the most common cause of death. The long‐term outcomes of DLB patients may be helpful to guide clinicians counseling patients and caregivers.
One hundred most‐cited articles in head and neck surgery and analysis of female authorship
Authors: Trent Monica S. , Michelle Lauren , Roman Kelsey , Kim Joshua K. , Haidar Yarah M. , Tjoa Tjoson , Abouzari Mehdi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile female head and neck surgeons have made significant contributions to the field, women's achievements in scientific communication have traditionally been underreported.MethodsA search of high‐impact journals in the field of head and neck surgery was performed in the Elsevier's Scopus database to identify the top 100 most‐cited articles.ResultsThe top 100 most‐cited articles (during the span of 1953 and 2016) had the highest total number of citations between 2005 and 2009. Women accounted for 36% of first authors and 25% of corresponding authors. Change in the relative number of first female authors in these top 100 articles did not increase significantly between 1950 and 2019.ConclusionThe proportion of female first authors in head and neck surgery has not significantly increased over the past several decades, despite greater numbers of female trainees. Our findings support the need for additional research on female representation in head and neck surgery.
Application of heat transfer on MHD shear thickening fluid flow past a stretched surface with variable heat source/sink
Authors: Venkata Ramudu A. C. , Anantha Kumar K. , Sugunamma V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore the viscous dissipation stimulus on the steady convective magnetohydrodynamic shear thickening liquid stream across a vertically stretched sheet. The impact of thermic heat, first‐order velocity slip, and variable heat generation/absorption are considered and also ignored the effect of magnetic Reynold's number. We converted flow controlling equations into the set of dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations by employing similarity variables to solve these coupled equations by R–K and shooting technique. The effect of different dimensionless variables on velocity, heat, friction factor, and local Nusselt numbers are presented through graphs and tables. Depreciation in velocity and growth in temperature distribution is detected when the Casson fluid parameter is increased. Temperature is the increasing function of the Eckert number.