bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Assessment of APAP (N‐acetyl‐p‐aminophenol)‐Induced Hepatotoxicity Using Multiple MRI Parameters in an Experimental Rat Model
Authors: Chen Dan , Zhao Xinyan , Xu Hui , Ren Hao , Liu Tianhui , Wang Yu , Yang Dawei , Yang Zhenghan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundEarly detection and accurate assessment of N‐acetyl‐p‐aminophenol (APAP)‐induced hepatotoxicity can prevent further aggravation of liver injury and reduce the incidence of liver failure.PurposeTo evaluate the potential of multiple MRI parameters for assessing APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity in an experimental rat model.Study TypeProspective.Animal ModelTwenty‐one APAP‐treated rats and 12 control rats.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T, T1 mapping, Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI, and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM).AssessmentThe severity of histological changes was assessed by a liver pathologist. Rat livers were pathologically classified into three groups: normal (n = 12), mild necrosis (n = 13), and moderate necrosis (n = 8). T1 relaxation time (T1) and diffusion parameters were measured. The reduction rate of T1 (ΔT1%) at different time points, the maximum value of ΔT1%, time period to the maximum value of ΔT1%, and time period from ΔT1max (%) to 2/3 value of ΔT1max (%) (ΔT1‐T2/3) were calculated. Transporters activities like organic anion‐transporting polypeptide 1 (oatp1) and multidrug resistance‐associated protein 2 (mrp2) were compared among different necrotic groups.Statistical TestsANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis. Pearson/Spearman correlation. P < 0.05 was considered statistical significance.ResultsT1 Precontrast and ΔT1‐T2/3 were strongly correlated with the severity of necrosis (r = 0.9094; r = 0.7978, respectively) and showed significant differences between the two groups. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and tissue diffusivity (D) values were significantly lower in the moderate necrosis group than in the normal and mild necrosis groups. The oatp1 activity of the necrosis groups was significantly reduced compared to that of the normal group, but the differences between normal and mild (P = 0.21), normal and moderate group (P = 0.56) were not significant. Meanwhile, enlargement of bile canaliculi and sparse microvilli was observed in the necrotic groups.ConclusionMRI parameters such as precontrast T1 and ΔT1‐T2/3 had promising potential in assessing the severity of early‐stage hepatotoxicity in an APAP overdose rat model.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Using artificial intelligence to improve the diagnostic efficiency of pulmonologists in differentiating COVID‐19 pneumonia from community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: İn Erdal , Geçkil Ayşegül A. , Kavuran Gürkan , Şahin Mahmut , Berber Nurcan K. , Kuluöztürk Mutlu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has quickly turned into a global health problem. Computed tomography (CT) findings of COVID‐19 pneumonia and community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) may be similar. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a popular topic among medical imaging techniques and has caused significant developments in diagnostic techniques. This retrospective study aims to analyze the contribution of AI to the diagnostic performance of pulmonologists in distinguishing COVID‐19 pneumonia from CAP using CT scans. A deep learning‐based AI model was created to be utilized in the detection of COVID‐19, which extracted visual data from volumetric CT scans. The final data set covered a total of 2496 scans (887 patients), which included 1428 (57.2%) from the COVID‐19 group and 1068 (42.8%) from the CAP group. CT slices were classified into training, validation, and test datasets in an 8:1:1. The independent test data set was analyzed by comparing the performance of four pulmonologists in differentiating COVID‐19 pneumonia both with and without the help of the AI. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values of the proposed AI model for determining COVID‐19 in the independent test data set were 93.2%, 85.8%, and 99.3%, respectively, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.984. With the assistance of the AI, the pulmonologists accomplished a higher mean accuracy (88.9% vs. 79.9%, p < 0.001), sensitivity (79.1% vs. 70%, p < 0.001), and specificity (96.5% vs. 87.5%, p < 0.001). AI support significantly increases the diagnostic efficiency of pulmonologists in the diagnosis of COVID‐19 via CT. Studies in the future should focus on real‐time applications of AI to fight the COVID‐19 infection.
Reference Raman spectrum and mapping of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts
Authors: Malyshev Dmitry , Dahlberg Tobias , Öberg Rasmus , Landström Lars , Andersson Magnus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite and among the most infectious diarrhea‐causing pathogens, leading to severe health problems for malnourished children and immunocompromised individuals. Outbreaks are common even in developed countries, originating from water or food contamination and resulting in suffering and large costs for society. Therefore, robust, fast, and highly specific detection strategies of Cryptosporidium are needed. Label‐free detection techniques such as Raman spectroscopy have been suggested; however, high‐resolution reported spectra in the literature are limited. In this work, we report reference Raman spectra at 3 cm−1 resolution for viable and inactivated Cryptosporidium oocysts of the species C. parvum, gathered at a single oocyst level using a laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy system. We furthermore provide tentative Raman peak assignments for the Cryptosporidium oocysts, along with Raman mapping of the oocysts' heterogeneous internal structure. Finally, we compare the C. parvum Raman spectrum with other common enterotoxigenic pathogens: Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium difficile. Our results show a significant difference between C. parvum Raman spectra and the other pathogens.
Muscarinic‐3‐receptor positive allosteric modulator ASP8302 in patients with underactive bladder. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: van Till Jan Willem Olivier , Arita Eri , Kuroishi Kentaro , Croy Richard , Oelke Matthias , van Koeveringe Gommert A. , Chapple Christopher R. , Yamaguchi Osamu , Abrams Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to evaluate safety and efficacy of ASP8302, a novel positive allosteric modulator for the muscarinic M3 receptor (M3‐PAM), in patients with underactive bladder (UAB).MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled multicenter study was performed in adult male/female subjects with UAB, defined as incomplete bladder emptying (postvoid residual volume [PVR] > 100 ml) without significant bladder outlet obstruction and/or overactive bladder. Subjects were randomized (1:1) to receive 4‐week oral once‐daily administration of 100 mg ASP8302 or matching placebo. Primary endpoint was a change from baseline in PVR measured by catheterization after standardized bladder filling (PVRC2). Other endpoints included PVR and bladder voiding efficiency (BVE) measured in various ways, uroflowmetry, bladder diary, and questionnaires. Pressure‐flow studies were performed in a subgroup.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐five patients were randomized (ASP8302 group: 65 patients, placebo group: 70 patients). The median change in PVRC2 was −40.0 ml (ASP8302) versus −35.0 ml (placebo) and the difference between groups was −5.0 ml (p = 0.960). In males, functional and symptomatic outcomes improved, for example, maximum urine flow rate (Qmax) and detrusor pressure at Qmax (Pdet.Qmax) increased (mean difference in change ASP8302 vs. placebo: 3.8 ml/s, p = 0.031 and 12.7 cm H2O, p = 0.034, respectively). Urinary incontinence episodes/24 h decreased in males with preexisting incontinence (mean difference: −0.35; p = 0.028). The incidence of adverse events was similar between study groups (ASP8302: 33.3%, placebo: 31.4%). In the included subjects, both baseline urine flow and bladder voiding pressure was low. Compared with PVR, simultaneous BVE measurements were more consistent between various methods (spontaneous vs. standardized bladder filling, catheterization vs. ultrasound [US]).ConclusionsASP8302 was safe and well tolerated in patients with UAB identified by nonurodynamic clinical criteria, but it did not show efficacy in the primary endpoint. However, in males it showed improvement of symptoms and functional parameters. BVE (using US) is a more optimal outcome measure than PVR in UAB.
Acceptability and perceived value of urodynamics from the patient perspective: A narrative review
Authors: Serati Maurizio , Braga Andrea , Rosier Peter F. W. M , de Wachter Stefan , Uren Alan , Finazzi‐Agrò Enrico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe value and application of urodynamic evaluation (UDS) have been a controversial topic in recent years. Gaining robust data on the patient viewpoint in this area is important since, even when UDS findings do not change the management plan, the objective diagnostic information gained from UDS may be valued by patients. Moreover, insights from UDS may empower treating physicians to counsel patients more effectively and manage their expectations regarding treatment outcomes.ObjectiveThis expert narrative review aims to analyze the findings of published studies in this area, looking at two topics in turn: (a) the tolerability and acceptability of the UDS procedure itself from the patient perspective and (b) patient perceptions of the clinical value of insights provided by UDS.Design, Setting, Participants, and Outcome MeasurementsAn evidence assessment was conducted using selected articles from the literature reporting data on patients' perspectives on the tolerability, acceptability, utility, and value of the urodynamic investigation.Results and LimitationsAlthough pain, discomfort, and infection risks are frequently used as a rationale to skip UDS when initial management fails, there is good evidence that, from the patients' perspective, the procedure is very well tolerated in most cases. There are only a few articles available that assess patient perceptions of the usefulness of UDS, but those that do exist appear to demonstrate that the insights gained from UDS are widely welcomed by patients in the interest of receiving a more tailored and personalized treatment approach.ConclusionFrom the patient perspective, UDS appears to be a well‐accepted and well‐tolerated diagnostic tool in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, particularly when an appropriate explanation is provided before the examination. Our review also highlights that patients value the objective information provided by UDS and that this outweighs the temporary invasiveness of the test. This information is particularly relevant in light of the relative lack of evidence in the literature about patient expectations of specialist care in functional urology, which may have hindered progress with quality of care.
Utilization rate and long‐term persistence of combination pharmacotherapy with β3‐agonists and antimuscarinics for overactive bladder refractory to monotherapy in a real‐world setting
Authors: Soda Takeshi , Koike Shuhei , Ikeuchi Ryosuke , Okada Takuya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo assess real‐world treatment profiles, including utilization rate, time to and reasons for discontinuation of combination pharmacotherapy with β3‐agonists and antimuscarinics for refractory overactive bladder (OAB) through a retrospective chart review.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of OAB patients who received β3‐agonists or antimuscarinics at our hospital between 2012 and 2020 and analyzed the clinical course of patients who progressed to combination therapy. Data on age, sex, major complaints, OAB symptom score at the initiation of combination therapy, treatment persistence, and reasons for discontinuation were collected. Treatment persistence was assessed with respect to the median time to discontinuation and persistence rate at 12 months.ResultsOf the 2163 patients receiving β3‐agonists or antimuscarinics, only 84 (3.8%) progressed to combination therapy with both drug classes. At therapy initiation, most (98%) of these patients had moderate to severe OAB symptoms. Median treatment duration and 12‐month persistence rate for combination therapy were 595 days and 64.0%, respectively. The reasons for discontinuation were insufficient treatment efficacy followed by adverse effects including voiding impairment in nearly 10% of the patients. None of the baseline parameters was independently associated with persistence in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionWhile underutilized among OAB patients refractory to monotherapy, combination pharmacotherapy showed a greater persistence rate than published mirabegron or antimuscarinic monotherapy when applied to patients with moderate to severe symptoms. Treatment‐emergent voiding impairment is a concern associated with this mode of therapy. A small sample size at a single institution is the limitation of this study.
Positive psychological well‐being in women with obesity: A scoping review of qualitative and quantitative primary research
Authors: Conradson Heather E. , Hayden K. Alix , Russell‐Mayhew Shelly , Raffin Bouchal Shelley , King‐Shier Kathryn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPositive psychological well‐being (PPWB) is generally associated with improved physical health, mental well‐being, and healthy behaviors. However, it is not clear how PPWB differs in women with obesity or if improving PPWB will improve their health. The objective of this study was to summarize the evidence on PPWB in women with obesity.MethodA scoping review was conducted in APA PsycINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, SocINDEX, Family & Society Studies Worldwide, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases. Primary research studies, with an analysis of adult women with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2with measures of PPWB are included.ResultsThirty‐two studies encompassing >57,000 women with obesity, measured constructs of PPWB included: self‐esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, social support, vitality, happiness, self‐acceptance, and optimism. Most studies showed that PPWB was lower in women with obesity although this association dissipated in studies when health and negative social factors were considered. Improvements in PPWB were associated with weight loss and with successful lifestyle changes with and without weight loss. Positive psychological interventions (PPIs) were used to bolster psychological well‐being. PPIs were associated with improved measures of self‐esteem and well‐being.ConclusionsProspective longitudinal and intervention studies are required to understand how evaluating and fostering PPWB might support gender‐informed obesity care.
Diagnostic yield of whole exome data in fetuses aborted for conotruncal malformations
Authors: Shi Jia‐wei , Cao Haiyan , Hong Liu , Ma Jing , Cui Li , Zhang Yi , Song Xiaoyan , Liu Juanjuan , Yang Yali , Lv Qing , Zhang Li , Wang Jing , Xie Mingxing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated a custom congenital heart disease (CHD) geneset to assess the diagnostic value of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in karyotype‐ and copy number variation (CNV)‐negative aborted fetuses with conotruncal defects (CTDs), and to explore the impact of postnatal phenotyping on genetic diagnosis.MethodsWe sequentially analyzed CNV‐seq and WES data from 47 CTD fetuses detected by prenatal ultrasonography. Fetuses with either a confirmed aneuploidy or pathogenic CNV were excluded from the WES analyses, which were performed following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics recommendations and a custom CHD‐geneset. Imaging and autopsy were applied to obtain postnatal phenotypic information about aborted fetuses.ResultsCNV‐seq identified aneuploidy in 7/47 cases while 13/47 fetuses were CNV‐positive. Eighty‐five rare deleterious variants in 61 genes (from custom geneset) were identified by WES in the remaining 27 fetuses. Of these, five pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV) were identified in five fetuses, revealing a 10.6% (5/47) incremental diagnostic yield. Furthermore, RERE:c.2461_2472delGGGATGTGGCGA was reclassified as LPV based on postnatal phenotypic data.ConclusionWe have developed and defined a CHD gene panel that can be utilized in a subset of fetuses with CTDs. We demonstrate the utility of incorporating both prenatal and postnatal phenotypic information may facilitate WES diagnostics.
A Multifunctional Ionic Liquid Additive Enabling Stable and Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Luo Yun , Kong Lingmei , Wang Lin , Shi Xingyu , Yuan Hao , Li Wenqiang , Wang Sheng , Zhang Zhijun , Zhu Wenqing , Yang Xuyong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe electroluminescence performance and long‐term stability of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are greatly affected by the film quality of perovskite emitting layer. Herein, the authors employ an ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BMIm]OTf), to manipulate the growth of quasi‐2D perovskite films by providing heterogeneous nucleation sites. The [BMIm]OTf molecules simultaneously realize uniform perovskite films by reducing the contact angles of precursor solution on the hole transport layer (HTL), and eliminate defect states through bonding [BMIm]+ cations to negatively‐charged uncoordinated Br and OTf− anions to uncoordinated Pb2+ defects that effectively suppresses the defect states assisted nonradiative recombination in perovskite films. As a result, the efficiency and the operational lifetime of the resultant PeLED are enhanced by more than twofold and threefold, respectively, achieving a maximum external quantum efficiency of 17.6% and an operational lifetime of over 500 min at an initial brightness of 100 cd m−2.
Near 90% Transparent ITO‐Based Flexible Electrode with Double‐Sided Antireflection Layers for Highly Efficient Flexible Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Zhang Jinxia , Li Xiaoxuan , Zhong Meiyan , Zhang Zhenzhen , Jia Mingdi , Li Jin , Gao Xiaowen , Chen Langxing , Li Qi , Zhang Wenhua , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs a widely used substrate for flexible electronics, indium‐tin oxide‐based polymer electrodes (polymer‐ITO electrodes) exhibit poorly visible light transmittance of less than 80%. The inferior transmittance for polymer‐ITO electrodes severely limits the performance improvement of polymer‐ITO based electronics. Here, a conceptually different approach of the double‐sided antireflection coatings (DARCs) strategy is proposed to modulate both the air–polymer substrate interface and ITO–air interface refractive index gradient, to synergistically improve the transmittance of polymer‐ITO electrodes. On the basis of SiO2 nanoparticles antireflection layer on polymer substrate, a polymer–metal oxide composite antireflection film is fabricated on the ITO side. Resultantly, the transmittance of ITO‐based flexible electrodes is successfully improved from 76.8% to 89.8%, which is the highest transmittance among the reported ITO‐based flexible electrodes. Furthermore, the photoluminescence emission intensity of luminescent materials enveloped with the DARCs electrodes increases by 74% over that with reference electrodes, demonstrating the DARCs antireflection strategy can efficiently improve the performance of flexible optoelectronic devices. With DARCs electrode, the flexible perovskite solar cells exhibit an enhanced efficiency from 18.80% to 20.85%.
First application of the balanced lowering method to build two bridges in Austria
Authors: Kollegger Johann , Suza Dominik , Proksch‐Weilguni Clemens , Träger Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis new bridge construction method consists of building the bridge girders in a vertical position and of rotating the bridge girders into the final horizontal position. In order to rotate the bridge girders, additional structural elements, in this case compression struts, are required. In some topographical situations, it will be more efficient to produce the bridge girders with this innovative method than with the traditional incremental launching method or the balanced cantilever method. The span of the bridge girders is reduced by the compression struts, which enables considerable savings in construction materials. This article explains the design and the first application of the balanced lowering method to build two bridges across the Lafnitz and Lahnbach rivers as part of the Fürstenfeld Motorway in the southeast of Austria. The good cooperation of the project participants allowed for the successful first‐time application of the method for the two bridges described in this article. The unproblematic application of the balanced lowering method for the prestressed concrete bridge with 2.0 m high bridge girders proved that considerable savings in resources and costs were possible compared to the originally planned steel‐concrete‐composite bridges with 4.2 and 4.6 m high bridge girders.
Use of an ultrasound‐guided sciatic and saphenous nerve block as a part of the multimodal analgesic management in a cria for the stabilisation of a left tibial eminence avulsion fracture
Authors: Gomez‐Martinez Maria Isabel , Adams James , Langley‐Hobbs Sorrel , Khenissi Latifa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 5‐month‐old female cria with body mass of 30 kg was referred to the Langford Vet farm animal practice for management of a left tibial eminence avulsion fracture. Preanaesthetic medication consisted of xylazine 0.3 mg/kg and butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg intravenously, followed by induction of anaesthesia with ketamine 4 mg/kg intravenously. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane vaporised in oxygen. A multimodal analgesic approach consisting of an ultrasound‐guided sciatic and saphenous nerve block using a combination of 2 mg/kg of lidocaine and 10 μg/kg of detomidine and a continuous infusion of ketamine 25 μg/kg/minute were used. Total anaesthetic time was 375 minutes. The cria received paracetamol 5 mg/kg and flunixin meglumine 2 mg/kg intravenously in the postoperative period. The cria was weight bearing on the operated hind limb 3 hours post‐extubation. Intravenous meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg/day) was administered 24 hours postoperatively for 4 days. Amoxicillin 15 mg/kg intramuscularly every 48 hours was continued until discharge.