bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing 3D printed biological platform for advancing simulated microgravity and space mechanobiology research
Authors: Silvani Giulia , Bradbury Peta , Basirun Carin , Mehner Christine , Zalli Detina , Poole Kate , Chou Joshua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe advancement of microgravity simulators is helping many researchers better understanding the impact of the mechanically unloaded space environment on cellular function and disfunction. However, performing microgravity experiments on Earth, using simulators such as the Random Positioning Machine, introduces some unique practical challenges, including air bubble formation and leakage of growth medium from tissue culture flask and plates, all of which limit research progress. Here, we developed an easy-to-use hybrid biological platform designed with the precision of 3D printing technologies combined with PDMS microfluidic fabrication processes to facilitate reliable and reproducible microgravity cellular experiments. The system has been characterized for applications in the contest of brain cancer research by exposing glioblastoma and endothelial cells to 24 h of simulated microgravity condition to investigate the triggered mechanosensing pathways involved in cellular adaptation to the new environment. The platform demonstrated compatibility with different biological assays, i.e., proliferation, viability, morphology, protein expression and imaging of molecular structures, showing advantages over the conventional usage of culture flask. Our results indicated that both cell types are susceptible when the gravitational vector is disrupted, confirming the impact that microgravity has on both cancer and healthy cells functionality. In particular, we observed deactivation of Yap-1 molecule in glioblastoma cells and the remodeling of VE-Cadherin junctional protein in endothelial cells. The study provides support for the application of the proposed biological platform for advancing space mechanobiology research, also highlighting perspectives and strategies for developing next generation of brain cancer molecular therapies, including targeted drug delivery strategies.
A database of physical therapy exercises with variability of execution collected by wearable sensors
Authors: García-de-Villa Sara , Jiménez-Martín Ana , García-Domínguez Juan Jesús 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis document introduces the PHYTMO database, which contains data from physical therapies recorded with inertial sensors, including information from an optical reference system. PHYTMO includes the recording of 30 volunteers, aged between 20 and 70 years old. A total amount of 6 exercises and 3 gait variations were recorded. The volunteers performed two series with a minimum of 8 repetitions in each one. PHYTMO includes magneto-inertial data, together with a highly accurate location and orientation in the 3D space provided by the optical system. The files were stored in CSV format to ensure its usability. The aim of this dataset is the availability of data for two main purposes: the analysis of techniques for the identification and evaluation of exercises using inertial sensors and the validation of inertial sensor-based algorithms for human motion monitoring. Furthermore, the database stores enough data to apply Machine Learning-based algorithms. The participants’ age range is large enough to establish age-based metrics for the exercises evaluation or the study of differences in motions between different groups.
How experts’ own inconsistency relates to their confidence and between-expert disagreement
Authors: Litvinova Aleksandra , Kurvers Ralf H. J. M. , Hertwig Ralph , Herzog Stefan M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPeople routinely rely on experts’ advice to guide their decisions. However, experts are known to make inconsistent judgments when judging the same case twice. Previous research on expert inconsistency has largely focused on individual or situational factors; here we focus directly on the cases themselves. First, using a theoretical model, we study how within-expert inconsistency and confidence are related to how strongly experts agree on a case. Second, we empirically test the model’s predictions in two real-world datasets with a diagnostic ground truth from follow-up research: diagnosticians rating the same mammograms or images of the lower spine twice. Our modeling and empirical analyses converge on the same novel results: The more experts disagree in their initial decisions about a case (i.e., as consensus decreases), the less confident individual experts are in their initial decision—despite not knowing the level of consensus—and the more likely they are to judge that same case differently when facing it again months later, regardless of whether the expert consensus is correct. Our results suggest the following advice when faced with two conflicting decisions from a single expert: In the absence of more predictive cues, choose the more confident decision.
Abnormal thalamocortical connectivity of preterm infants with elevated thyroid stimulating hormone identified with diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Jang Yong Hun , Kim Jinsup , Kim Sangwoo , Lee Kyungmi , Na Jae Yoon , Ahn Ja-Hye , Kim Hyuna , Kim Bung-Nyun , Lee Hyun Ju 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile thyroid disturbances during perinatal and postnatal periods in preterm infants with congenital hypothyroidism reportedly disrupt neuronal development, no study has considered the effect of thyroid disturbances in premature infants with subclinical hypothyroidism with elevations of thyroid stimulating hormone. We aimed to identify altered fiber integrity from the thalamus to cortices in preterm infants with subclinical hypothyroidism. All preterm infants born were categorized according to thyroid stimulating hormone levels through serial thyroid function tests (36 preterm controls and 29 preterm infants with subclinical hypothyroidism). Diffusion tensor images were acquired to determine differences in thalamocortical fiber lengths between the groups, and cerebral asymmetries were investigated to observe neurodevelopmental changes. Thalamocortical fiber lengths in the subclinical hypothyroidism group were significantly reduced in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, heschl’s gyrus, lingual gyrus, and calcarine cortex (all p < 0.05). According to the asymmetric value in the orbitofrontal regions, there is a left dominance in the subclinical hypothyroidism group contrary to the controls (p = 0.012), and that of the cuneus areas showed significant decreases in the subclinical hypothyroidism group (p = 0.035). These findings could reflect altered neurodevelopment, which could help treatment plans using biomarkers for subclinical hypothyroidism.
Archeochemistry reveals the first steps into modern industrial brewing
Authors: Pieczonka Stefan A. , Zarnkow Martin , Diederich Philippe , Hutzler Mathias , Weber Nadine , Jacob Fritz , Rychlik Michael , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA historical beer, dated to the German Empire era, was recently found in northern Germany. Its chemical composition represents a unique source of insights into brewing culture of the late nineteenth century when pioneer innovations laid the foundations for industrial brewing. Complementary analytics including metabolomics, microbiological, sensory, and beer attribute analysis revealed its molecular profile and certify the unprecedented good storage condition even after 130 years in the bottle. Comparing its chemical signature to that of four hundred modern brews allowed to describe molecular fingerprints teaching us about technological aspects of historical beer brewing. Several critical production steps such as malting and germ treatment, wort preparation and fermentation, filtration and storage, and compliance with the Bavarian Purity Law left detectable molecular imprints. In addition, the aging process of the drinkable brew could be analyzed on a chemical level and resulted in an unseen diversity of hops- and Maillard-derived compounds. Using this archeochemical forensic approach, the historical production process of a culturally significant beverage could be traced and the ravages of time made visible.
An improved typhoon simulation method based on Latin hypercube sampling method
Authors: Sun Jian-peng , Lv Guan-jun , Ma Xiao-gang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn order to further improve the prediction accuracy of typhoon simulation method for extreme wind speed in typhoon prone areas, an improved typhoon simulation method is proposed by introducing the Latin hypercube sampling method into the traditional typhoon simulation method. In this paper, the improved typhoon simulation method is first given a detailed introduction. Then, this method is applied to the prediction of extreme wind speeds under various return periods in Hong Kong. To validate this method, two aspects of analysis is carried out, including correlation analysis among typhoon key parameters and prediction of extreme wind speeds under various return periods. The results show that the correlation coefficients among typhoon key parameters can be maintained satisfactorily with this improved typhoon simulation method. The results show that the improved typhoon simulation method can generate the correlations among all typhoon key parameters satisfactorily. Compared with the traditional typhoon simulation method, the improved typhoon simulation method has higher accuracy in predicting the typhoon extreme wind speed in Hong Kong, increasing by about 8% and 11% respectively at 200 m height and gradient height.
Genetic and morphological identification of filarial worm from Iberian hare in Portugal
Authors: dos Santos F. A. Abade , Duarte M. D. , Carvalho C. L. , Monteiro M. , Carvalho P. , Mendonça P. , Valente P. C. L. G. , Sheikhnejad H. , Waap H. , Gomes J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) is an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula and the only hare species found in Portugal, although also being present in some areas of Spain. The reduction of wild hare populations due to several ecological and sanitary factors, has been raising growing concerns in the recent years. Despite different helminth species were already described in Iberian hares in Portugal, to this date, no filarial worms have been identified in this species. Furthermore, only a few studies on lagomorphs’ onchocercid worms are available, referring to other hosts species of hares and/or rabbits. In this study, we describe the presence of filarial worms in the blood vessels of two adult Iberian hares collected in 2019 in continental Portugal. Morphology and sequencing data from the 12S rRNA, coxI, 18S rRNA, myoHC, hsp70 and rbp1 genes, showed that the filaroid species were genetically related with Micipsella numidica. However, the extension of the genetic differences found with M. numidica suggests that the filaroids specimens under study belong to a new species, that we provisionally named Micipsella iberica n. sp.. The body location of this putative new parasite species and its physiological implications indicate that it may constitute a potential menace to the already fragile Iberian hare justifying, therefore, further investigation regarding the morphological characterization, prevalence and real clinical impact of this new parasite in hares.
Smoking and fracture risk in men: a meta-analysis of cohort studies, using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches
Authors: Xu Yingke , Bao Yueyang , Wang Megan , Wu Qing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPast studies indicate that men are more likely to smoke and be at higher risk of smoking-related conditions than women. Our research aimed, through meta-analysis, to assess the association between smoking and fracture risk in men. The following databases were searched, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, WorldCat, and Open Grey, for identifying related studies. A random-effects model was used to pool the confounder-adjusted relative risk (R.R.). Frequentist and Bayesian hierarchical random-effects models were used for the analysis. The heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated in this study. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, smoking is associated with a significantly increased risk of fracture in both the frequentist approach (R.R., 1.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.22, 1.53) and the Bayesian approach (R.R., 1.36; 95% credible interval: 1.22, 1.54). Significant heterogeneity was observed in the meta-analysis (Higgin's I2 = 83%) and Cochran's Q statistic (p < 0.01). A significant association was also observed in multiple pre-specified sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Similar results were observed in the group containing a large sample size (≥ 10,000 participants), and the group has a small sample size (< 10,000 participants); the pooled R.R was 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.41) and 1.56 (95% confidence interval, 1.37–1.78), respectively. With the Bayesian method, the effect size was 1.23 (95% credible interval, 1.05, 1.45) for the large sample size group and 1.57 (95% credible interval, 1.35, 1.82) for the small sample size group. Smoking is associated with a significant increase in fracture risk for men. Thus, smoking cessation would also greatly reduce fracture risk in all smokers, particularly in men.
Comparison between sand and clay clogging mechanisms of pervious concrete pavement
Authors: Rao Yunkang , Fu Haiying , Yang Tao , Chen Huailin , Zhang Zhe , Ding Haojiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPervious concrete (PC) pavement has been widely accepted as a green infrastructure but is prone to clogging. This study comparatively investigated sand and clay clogging mechanisms of PC and vertical sediment distributions of sand-clogged and clay-clogged PCs. Clay and three sizes of sand were used to clog PC under two exposure methods (no drying and drying). X-ray computed tomography (CT) was used to scan the clogged samples before and after 30 pressure washing cycles. The clogged permeability and permeability after each washing cycle were measured. The clogging patterns of sand depend mainly on sand particle sizes relative to PC pore sizes. The applied fine sand, coarse sand, and medium sand cause easy-passing clogging, surface clogging, and full-depth clogging, respectively. After clay clogging, more than 77% of the total retained clay occurs within the vertical region 24–72 mm below the sample surface; the most clogging (the lowest-permeability layer) occurs at a depth of approximately 48 mm. The dried clay retained within the region 40–120 mm below the surface (especially within the lowest-permeability layer) is hard to wash away because the drying process increases the cohesion of internal clay particles and clay adhesion to the rough, tortuous pore wall of PC. The clogged normalized permeability of 0.154 and permeability recovery ratio of 4.91% in dried clay-clogged samples are lowest among all the samples. However, pressure washing readily washes away the retained undried clay. Accordingly, it is recommended that pressure washing is used to eliminate the clogging effect of dried clay before hot, sunny exposure conditions dry the retained clay. This study provides evidence for developing effective pavement maintenance strategies.
A fine spatial resolution modeling of urban carbon emissions: a case study of Shanghai, China
Authors: Huang Cheng , Zhuang Qianlai , Meng Xing , Zhu Peng , Han Ji , Huang Lingfang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuantification of fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions (CEs) at fine space and time resolution is a critical need in climate change research and carbon cycle. Quantifying changes in spatiotemporal patterns of urban CEs is important to understand carbon cycle and development carbon reduction strategies. The existing spatial data of CEs have low resolution and cannot distinguish the distribution characteristics of CEs of different emission sectors. This study quantified CEs from 15 types of energy sources, including residential, tertiary, and industrial sectors in Shanghai. Additionally, we mapped the CEs for the three sectors using point of interest data and web crawler technology, which is different from traditional methods. At a resolution of 30 m, the improved CEs data has a higher spatial resolution than existing studies. The spatial distribution of CEs based on this study has higher spatial resolution and more details than that based on traditional methods, and can distinguish the spatial distribution characteristics of different sectors. The results indicated that there was a consistent increase in CEs during 2000–2015, with a low rate of increase during 2009–2015. The intensity of CEs increased significantly in the outskirts of the city, mainly due to industrial transfer. Moreover, intensity of CEs reduced in city center. Technological progress has promoted the improvement of energy efficiency, and there has been a decoupling between the economic development and CEs in the city was observed during in 2000–2015.
Instantaneous synthesis and full characterization of organic–inorganic laccase-cobalt phosphate hybrid nanoflowers
Authors: Vojdanitalab Khashayar , Jafari-Nodoushan Hossein , Mojtabavi Somayeh , Shokri Mahtab , Jahandar Hoda , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA novel approach termed the "concentrated method" was developed for the instant fabrication of laccase@Co3(PO4)2•hybrid nanoflowers (HNFs). The constructed HNFs were obtained by optimizing the concentration of cobalt chloride and phosphate buffer to reach the highest activity recovery. The incorporation of 30 mM CoCl2 and 160 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) resulted in a fast anisotropic growth of the nanomaterials. The purposed method did not involve harsh conditions and prolonged incubation of precursors, as the most reported approaches for the synthesis of HNFs. The catalytic efficiency of the immobilized and free laccase was 460 and 400 M−1S−1, respectively. Also, the enzymatic activity of the prepared biocatalyst was 113% of the free enzyme (0.5 U mL−1). The stability of the synthesized HNFs was enhanced by 400% at pH 6.5–9.5 and the elevated temperatures. The activity of laccase@Co3(PO4)2•HNFs declined to 50% of the initial value after 10 reusability cycles, indicating successful immobilization of the enzyme. Structural studies revealed a 32% increase in the α-helix content after hybridization with cobalt phosphate, which improved the activity and stability of the immobilized laccase. Furthermore, the fabricated HNFs exhibited a considerable ability to remove moxifloxacin as an emerging pollutant. The antibiotic (10 mg L−1) was removed by 24% and 75% after 24 h through adsorption and biodegradation, respectively. This study introduces a new method for synthesizing HNFs, which could be used for the fabrication of efficient biocatalysts, biosensors, and adsorbents for industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications.
Self-rated health, socioeconomic status and all-cause mortality in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults
Authors: Fan Yayun , He Dingliu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOur study aims to investigate the association between SRH and all-cause mortality, and to investigate whether the SRH-mortality association varies across different socioeconomic status (SES) groups among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. We used data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including 11,762 participants for the final analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to investigate the association between SRH status and subsequent mortality. There were 724 death events occurred. The results were shown that fair/poor SRH participants tend to die than better SRH peers (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.12–1.91). The association only occurred in those with rural residency (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.05–2.04), those who were literate (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.17–2.33), those with above-average household income (HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.15–3.29) and those working in agriculture and below (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.02–1.88). In conclusion, worse SRH may be a predictor of all-cause mortality among middle-aged and elderly Chinese, especially in people with rural residency, literacy, above-average household income and working in agriculture and below.
Online Computerized Adaptive Tests of Children's Vocabulary Development in English and Mexican Spanish
Authors: Kachergis George , Marchman Virginia A. , Dale Philip S. , Mankewitz Jessica , Frank Michael C. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
Measuring the growth of young children's vocabulary is important for researchers seeking to understand language learning as well as for clinicians aiming to identify early deficits. The MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) are parent report instruments that offer a reliable and valid method for measuring early productive and receptive vocabulary across a number of languages. CDI forms typically include hundreds of words, however, and so the burden of completion is significant. We address this limitation by building on previous work using item response theory (IRT) models to create computer adaptive test (CAT) versions of the CDIs. We created CDI-CATs for both comprehension and production vocabulary, for both American English and Mexican Spanish.

Method:
Using a data set of 7,633 English-speaking children ages 12–36 months and 1,692 Spanish-speaking children ages 12–30 months, across three CDI forms (Words & Gestures, Words & Sentences, and CDI-III), we found that a 2-parameter logistic IRT model fits well for a majority of the 680 pooled vocabulary items. We conducted CAT simulations on this data set, assessing simulated tests of varying length (25–400 items).

Results:

Even very short CATs recovered participant abilities very well with little bias across ages. An empirical validation study with
N
= 204 children ages 15–36 months showed a correlation of
r
= .92 between language ability estimated from full CDI versus CDI-CAT forms.

Conclusion:
We provide our item bank along with fitted parameters and other details, offer recommendations for how to construct CDI-CATs in new languages, and suggest when this type of assessment may or may not be appropriate.
Predictors of Speech Severity and Inconsistency Over Time in Children With Token-to-Token Inconsistency
Authors: McNeill Brigid , McIlraith Autumn L. , Macrae Toby , Gath Megan , Gillon Gail 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:The aim of this study was to describe and explain changes in severity of speech sound disorder (SSD) and token-to-token inconsistency in children with high levels of inconsistency.Method:Thirty-nine children (aged 4;6–7;11 [years;months]) with SSDs and high levels of token-to-token inconsistency were assessed every 6 months for 2 years (i.e., five assessment points). Growth modeling was used to assess relations among therapy support, receptive vocabulary, severity, and inconsistency over time.Results:Children with the most severe SSDs and highest levels of token-to-token inconsistency showed the smallest improvements in speech accuracy over time. Therapy support did not predict changes in speech accuracy or token-to-token inconsistency over time. Receptive vocabulary (measured at the outset of the study) was also a significant predictor of speech accuracy and inconsistency.Conclusions:These findings suggest that an immediate start to intervention (rather than a wait-and-see approach) is recommended for children with inconsistent speech error patterns. The results also highlight the value of developing vocabulary knowledge in addition to improving speech accuracy for some children with inconsistent speech production.