bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic and clinical burden associated with respiratory viral infections after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant in the United States
Authors: Ison Michael G. , Marty Francisco M. , Chao Nelson , Moon Seung Hyun , Zhang Zhiji , Chandak Aastha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo‐HCT) recipients are at increased risk for respiratory viral infections (RVIs), which invoke substantial morbidity and mortality. Limited effective antiviral options and drug resistance often hamper successful RVI treatment, creating additional burden for patients and the health care system.MethodsUsing an open‐source health care claims database, we examined differences in clinical outcomes, health resource utilization, and total reimbursements during the 1‐year period following allo‐HCT in patients with and without any RVI infection (respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus). RVIs were diagnosed at any time ≤1 year after allo‐HCT and identified by International Classification of Disease codes. Analyses were stratified by the presence or absence of acute or chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD).ResultsThe study included 13 363 allo‐HCT patients, 1368 (10.2%) of whom had a diagnostic code for any RVI. A higher proportion of patients with any RVI had pneumonia ≤1 year after allo‐HCT compared to patients without any RVI, with or without GVHD. Patients with any RVI had higher all‐cause mortality risk, longer length of post‐allo‐HCT hospital stay, higher readmission rate, and higher number of hospital days after allo‐HCT compared to patients without the infection (all p < .05). Total unadjusted median reimbursements were higher for those with any RVI and each specific RVI assessed than those without the specific infection, with or without GVHD.ConclusionAllo‐HCT patients with RVIs had significantly worse clinical outcomes and increased health resource utilization and reimbursements during the year following allo‐HCT, with or without GVHD.
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Comparison of short‐course antibiotic therapy of 6 or less days with a longer treatment in patients with cholangitis after liver transplantation
Authors: Ferstl Philip G. , Queck Alexander , Bremer Katharina , Filmann Natalie , Weiler Nina , Welker Martin‐W. , Waidmann Oliver , Knabe Mate , Bechstein Wolf O. , Hogardt Michael , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Zeuzem Stefan , Trebicka Jonel , Friedrich‐Rust Mireen , Walter Dirk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesStenosis of the biliary anastomosis predisposes liver graft recipients to bacterial cholangitis. Antibiotic therapy (AT) is performed according to individual clinical judgment, but duration of AT remains unclear.MethodsAll liver graft recipients with acute cholangitis according to the Tokyo criteria grade 1 and 2 after endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) were included. Outcome of patients treated with short AT (<7 days) was compared to long AT (>6 days). Recurrent cholangitis (RC) within 28 days was the primary end point.ResultsIn total, 30 patients were included with a median of 313 (range 34–9849) days after liver transplantation until first proven cholangitis. Among 62 cases in total, 51/62 (82%) were graded as Tokyo‐1 and 11/62 (18%) as Tokyo‐2. Overall median duration of AT was 6 days (1–14) with 36 cases (58%) receiving short AT and 26 (42%) receiving long AT. RC was observed in 10 (16%) cases, without significant difference in occurrence of RC in short versus long AT cases. CRP and bilirubin were significantly higher in patients with long AT, while low serum albumin and low platelets were associated with risk of RC.ConclusionA shorter antibiotic course than 7 days shows good results in selected, ERC‐treated patients for post‐transplantation biliary strictures.
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Prevalence and characteristics of ocular diseases in Sphynx cats: A retrospective assessment (2012–2021) and comparison withnon‐Sphynxcats
Authors: Sarfaty Havi , Ezra‐Elia Raaya , Sebbag Lionel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe the prevalence of ocular diseases in Sphynx cats, and compare disease characteristics with other feline breeds.MethodsMedical records of Sphynx cats presented to an ophthalmology referral center between 1/2012 and 4/2021 were examined. Cats of other breeds examined during the same period served as controls.ResultsOne hundred ten Sphynx cats were examined during the study period, diagnosed with corneal sequestrum (n = 42 cats), lower eyelid entropion (n = 25), presumed herpetic keratoconjunctivitis (n = 19), conjunctivitis (n = 7), corneal ulcers (n = 6), nasolacrimal duct atresia/obstruction (n = 6), corneal dystrophy (n = 3), eosinophilic keratitis (n = 2), uveitis (n = 2), non‐ulcerative keratitis (n = 1), and cataract (n = 1). Corneal sequestrum was significantly more common in Sphynx versus non‐Sphynx cats (odds ratio = 8.0, 95% CI = 5.3–12.2,p < .001), and age of diagnosis was significantly younger in Sphynx cats (2.0 ± 1.5 years vs. 5.9 ± 4.0 years,p < .001). Corneal sequestrum recurrence was noted in 19.4% Sphynx eyes and 6.4% non‐Sphynx eyes undergoing surgery (p = .015). Lower eyelid entropion—most often bilateral (80%)—was significantly more common in Sphynx versus non‐Sphynx cats (odds ratio = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.3–7.1,p < .001), and age of diagnosis was significantly younger in Sphynx cats (0.9 ± 1.4 years vs. 3.5 ± 3.3 years,p < .005).ConclusionsCorneal sequestrum and entropion were overrepresented and diagnosed at an earlier age in Sphynx cats when compared with the general feline population. Given the high prevalence, early age of onset, and relatively high recurrence of corneal sequestrum in Sphynx cats, further studies are warranted to better understand etiopathogenesis and preferred therapies.
Serotonin 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT1B receptor‐mediated inhibition of glutamatergic transmission onto rat basal forebrain cholinergic neurones
Authors: Nishijo Takuma , Suzuki Etsuko , Momiyama Toshihiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCholinergic neurones in the basal forebrain (BF) project into various brain regions and receive excitatory inputs from the cortex and brain stem. These cholinergic neurones receive serotonergic fibres from the dorsal raphe nuclei. This study was aimed to elucidate serotonin (5‐HT)‐induced modulation of glutamatergic transmission onto rat BF cholinergic neurones identified with Cy3‐192IgG. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were evoked by focal stimulation. Bath application of either 5‐HT, the 5‐HT1A receptor agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT (DPAT), or the 5‐HT1B receptor agonist CP93129 (CP), inhibited the amplitude of EPSCs. In the presence of both 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT1B receptor antagonists, the 5‐HT‐induced effect disappeared. The paired‐pulse ratio (PPR) and coefficient of variation (CV) of the EPSCs were increased by CP, whereas DPAT had no effect on PPR or CV. DPAT inhibited the inward currents induced by puff application of l‐glutamate, which were unaffected by CP. DPAT suppressed the amplitude of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) without affecting their frequency. CP decreased the frequency of mEPSCs in more than half of the neurones examined, whereas the amplitude was unaffected. DPAT or CP alone inhibited the NMDA receptor‐mediated currents. 5‐HT‐induced inhibition of EPSCs was reduced in the presence of ω‐agatoxin TK (Aga). Furthermore, CP‐induced inhibition of EPSCs was eliminated in the presence of Aga. DPAT‐induced inhibition of EPSCs was unchanged in the presence of Aga. These results suggest that activation of 5‐HT1A receptors reduces the sensitivity of postsynaptic glutamate receptors to glutamate, whereas presynaptic activation of 5‐HT1B receptors inhibits glutamate release by blocking P/Q‐type calcium channels.
imageKey points
We performed a patch‐clamp study to investigate serotonin (5‐HT)‐induced modulation of glutamatergic transmission onto cholinergic neurones in the rat basal forebrain slices.
Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were inhibited by 5‐HT as well as agonists of 5‐HT1A or 5‐HT1B receptors. 5‐HT‐induced inhibition was antagonized by co‐application of 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT1B receptor antagonists.
The effects of 5‐HT receptor agonists on the paired‐pulse ratio, coefficient of variation of EPSCs, inward currents induced by puff application of l‐glutamate as well as miniature EPSCs suggest that activation of 5‐HT1A receptors decreases the sensitivity of postsynaptic glutamate receptors to glutamate, whereas 5‐HT1B receptors presynaptically inhibit glutamate release.
The 5‐HT1B agonist‐induced inhibition was eliminated in the presence of a P/Q‐type calcium channel blocker, whereas the 5‐HT1A agonist still inhibited the EPSCs even in the presence of the blocker.
The present study reveals different pre‐ and postsynaptic mechanisms underlying 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT1B receptor‐mediated modulation of excitatory transmission.
Peptide Hormones in Medicine: A 100-Year History
Authors: Martinovich V. P. , Baradzina K. U. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This review is devoted to the 100-year history of the investigation of peptide hormones and the creation of drugs on their basis, starting from the insulin discovery and its introduction into a medical practice in 1921. The basic groups of the peptide hormones are discussed: neurohypophyseal hormones, hypothalamic releasing hormones, incretins, insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and calcitonin. The first therapeutic agents based on the peptide hormones were created by a traditional approach that involved the isolation of peptides from animal tissues, their purification to individual compounds, determination of their primary structure, their chemical synthesis or their deep purification, and the creation of a pharmaceutical substance. A modern approach to creation of peptide hormone drugs is based on their consideration as ligands of the corresponding cellular receptors and the use of computer modeling, efficient synthesis methods, and high-throughput screening. The combination of these methods enabled the development of analogs which would be more active than the corresponding natural compounds, exhibit other activities in addition to the hormonal regulation, and be resistant to biodegradation. Such therapeutic agents have been designed on the basis of agonistic and antagonistic analogs of somatostatin and luliberin, and have found wide application in hormonal regulation and cancer treatment. Over the past two decades, the glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) has been intensively investigated as a potential therapeutic agent. In our review, we describe modifications which resulted in the most highly effective long-acting drugs. Now, natural hormones and their analogs are widely present in the pharmaceutical market.
Some remarks on criticality and thermodynamics of the dynamic phantom AdS black holes
Authors: Shahzad M. Umair , Nosheen Lubna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the thermodynamic phase-transition, thermal stability and criticality of dynamic phantom AdS black hole (BH) in the presence of electric charge e and magnetic charge g. To accomplish this, we construct the specific heat and other important thermodynamical parameters which help us to investigate the stability and criticality. The thermodynamical properties of dynamic phantom AdS BH are examined by utilizing the specific heat $$(C_P)$$

(

C
P

)

, volume expansivity $$(\beta )$$

(
β
)

, isothermal compressibility $$(\kappa )$$

(
κ
)

, Temperature vs Entropy (T–S), Pressure vs Volume (P–V) and Gibbs free energy G, graphically. Specific heat against entropy describes the divergency behaviour, which produces the second-order phase transition. We also obtain isenthalpic curves for both systems in the T–P plane and determine the cooling and heating regions by utilizing Joule–Thomson expansion. Moreover, we discuss the behaviour of (P–V) isotherm that is equal to the liquid/gas transition of the Van-Der Waals fluid is exactly matched to 3/8 also known as a universal number. Furthermore, we investigate Swallow-tail behaviour and also discuss the stability and instability of the small black hole (SBH), Intermediate black hole (IBH) and large black hole (LBH).
Tirons of the world: a review of ‘tironid’ amphipods, description of new genera and species, and establishment of a new subfamily Tironinae Stebbing, 1906 stat. nov. (Crustacea, Synopiidae)
Authors: JUST JEAN 
Published: May 2022

The classification of a group of Synopiidae is reviewed based primarily on new material from Australasia and the northern Pacific. A synopiid subfamily, Tironinae Stebbing, 1906 stat. nov. is diagnosed for the following six genera (3 new) consisting of 38 species (18 new): Tiron Lilljeborg, 1865, with 6 species, T. spiniferus Stimpson (type species), T. antarcticus K.H. Barnard, 1932, T. biocellatus J.L. Barnard, 1962, T. canadense sp. nov., T. lilljeborgi sp. nov., and T. sagamiense sp. nov.; Tironella gen. nov. with 3 species, T. altifrons (Reid, 1951, ex Tiron) comb. nov., T. bathyalis sp. nov. (type species), and T. pervicax (J.L. Barnard, 1967, ex Pseudotiron) comb. nov.; Glandulotiron gen. nov. with 15 species, G. pilocaputis sp. nov. (type species), G. salsevisio sp. nov., G. hexamatius sp. nov., G. spinipes sp. nov., G. concavus sp. nov., G. septimus sp. nov., G. meruspinosus sp. nov., G. bassianus sp. nov., G. curvispinus sp. nov., G. aotearoensis sp. nov., G. postremus sp. nov., G. griffithsi sp. nov., G. intermedius (Reid, 1951; ex Tiron) comb. nov., G. quadrioculatus (Dang & Le, 2012; ex Tiron) comb. nov., and G. australis (Stebbing, 1908; ex Tiron) comb. nov.; Pseudotiron Chevreux, 1895 with 4 species, P. bouvieri Chevreux, 1895, P. coas J.L. Barnard, 1967, P. golens J.L. Barnard, 1962, P. miratus sp. nov.; Metatiron Rabindranath, 1972, with 4 species, M. brevidactylus (Pillai, 1954, type species), M. bonaerensis Alonso de Pina, 1998, M. triocellatus (Goeke, 1982) and M. tropakis (J.L. Barnard, 1972); and Minitiron gen. nov. with 6 species, M. orpheus sp. nov. (type species), M. bellairsi (Just, 1981; ex. Metatiron) comb. nov., M. caecus (Ledoyer, 1979; ex. Metatiron) comb. nov., M. galeatus (Hirayama, 1988; ex Tiron) comb. nov., M. ovatibasis (Hirayama, 1988; ex Tiron) comb. nov., M. thompsoni (Walker, 1904; ex Tiron) comb. nov.
Three species currently in Pseudotiron (P. longicaudatus Pirlot, 1934; P. sublongicaudatus Dang & Le, 2012; P. livingstonae Lörz & Coleman, 2013) are removed to Synopiidae incertae sedis. Metatiron brevidactylus (Pillay, 1957) by Ledoyer (1979) is removed to Minitiron incerta sedis. Species in the new genus Glandulotiron and a new species of Pseudotiron possess rows of elongate glands in uropods and the telson previously unknown in amphipods. A new key is presented for synopiid genera together with a key to world tironin genera and separate keys for the individual tironin genera. Global distribution and more detailed Australian distribution of the tironins are shown.
Surgical Outcome in Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgical Operations with Clostridium Difficile Infection
Authors: Fazl Alizadeh Reza , Li Shiri , Sullivan Brittany , Manasa Morgan , Ruhi-Williams Perisa , Nahmias Jeffery , Carmichael Joseph , Nguyen Ninh T. , Stamos Michael J. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Postoperative Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has associated morbidity, but it is unknown how it impacts different operations. We sought to determine the incidence and postoperative morbidity following abdominal surgery. Method: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2015-2019) was utilized to evaluate adult (≥18 years-old) patients who developed CDI following laparoscopic abdominal operations. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate outcomes. Results: A total of 973 338 patients were studied and the overall incidence of CDI was .3% within 30 days of operation. Colorectal surgery had the highest incidence of CDI (1601/167 949,1.0%) with significantly longer mean length of stay (LOS) (8.0 days± 9.0, P < .01) compared to other surgical procedures. CDI patients also had a longer mean length of stay (6.6± 8.0 vs 2.1 ± 3.6 days, P < .01) and increased mortality (1.8% vs .2%, AOR: 4.64, CI: 3.45-5.67, P < .01) compared to patients without CDI. Conclusions: This national analysis demonstrates that CDI is a significant complication following abdominal surgery and is associated with increased LOS and mortality. Furthermore, laparoscopic colorectal surgery appears to have the greatest risk of CDI. Future research is needed to determine the exact cause in order to decrease the incidence of CDI by reconsidering the protocol of antibiotic use within the high-risk population.
The Effect of Think Aloud on Performance and Brain Oxygenation During Cycling – An Exploratory Study
Authors: Whitehead Amy , Montgomery Catharine , Swettenham Laura , Robinson Nicola J. 
Published: May 2022

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Think Aloud (TA) on performance in trained and untrained participants, using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, during incrementally paced cycling. A mixed design was implemented with cycling expertise (10 untrained vs. 9 trained) as the between groups variable and trial stage (5 stages of increasing effort), and condition (silent vs. TA) as within groups independent variables (IVs). Dependent measures were changes in cortical oxygenation (O2Hb) in 12 areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and physiological indicators of percentage heart rate maximum (%HRmax), average power output (APO), peak power output (PPO), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate ([La]b) over time. Trained cyclists had higher APO and significantly higher PPO from stages 2–5, in addition to a greater increase in PPO over the duration of the test (range 168W–480 W vs. 133W–313 W). There were significant main effects of stage on %HRmax, Bla and RPE ( p < .001), with effect sizes (ήp2) ranging from .31 to .97. On average, HRmax%, [La]b and RPE were significantly lower after stage 2 onwards within the TA trial than the silent trial, even though similar power outputs were obtained. Thus, the TA trial elicited a better pacing strategy. There was no main effect of group on changes in O2Hb, though O2Hb did change as a function of stage in four areas of the PFC, and as a function of condition in one area. In this first study to assess the effects of TA on performance during self-paced cycling, TA did not disrupt performance outcomes at low through to high levels of physical exertion for either untrained or trained participants.
Bivalirudin versus heparin anticoagulation in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Huang Daochao , Guan QiongChan , Qin Jie , Shan Renfei , Wu Jinhong , Zhang Chuang 
Published: May 2022

Objective Bivalirudin has been suggested as an alternative to heparin for anticoagulation in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Nevertheless, there is limited evidence about the benefit of bivalirudin in ECMO patients compared with heparin. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effect of bivalirudin versus heparin on clinical outcomes in patients receiving ECMO. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception up to 1 April 2022 for cohort studies and randomized controlled trials comparing bivalirudin versus heparin in patients who received ECMO. The primary outcome was short-term death. Secondary outcomes included thrombotic events and bleeding events. Results We selected 12 retrospective cohort studies with 1232 ECMO patients focusing on bivalirudin anticoagulation (n = 497) versus heparin anticoagulation (n = 735). Two hundred and one of 497 patients (40.4%) in the bivalirudin group versus 350 of 735 patients (47.6%) in the heparin group did not survive to hospital discharge. Compared with the heparin group, bivalirudin anticoagulation did not significantly decrease in-hospital mortality in patients receiving ECMO (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.79–1.13; p = 0.546). Fifty-seven of 374 patients (15.2%) in the bivalirudin versus 99 of 381 patients (26.0%) in the heparin group suffered from thrombotic events. Compared with the heparin group, bivalirudin anticoagulation did not significantly decrease the rate of thrombotic events for patients receiving ECMO (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.45–1.35; p = 0.378). However, bivalirudin anticoagulation significantly decreased the incidence of bleeding events compared to the heparin group (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25–0.95; p = 0.035). Conclusions Compared with heparin anticoagulation, bivalirudin did not decrease the rates of short-term mortality and thrombotic events, but reduced the incidence of bleeding events in patients receiving ECMO.
Association of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene rs4680 Polymorphism and Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Dwivedi Archana , Dwivedi Nidhi , Kumar Anand , Singh Varun K. , Pathak Abhishek , Chaurasia R. N. , Mishra V. N. , Mohanty Sujata , Joshi Deepika 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) can cause levodopa induced dyskinesia (LID). Genetic predisposition has a significant role to play in inter-individual heterogeneity in the clinical manifestation of LID. Despite accumulating evidence for the role of COMT gene polymorphism (rs4680) as a genetic basis for LID, to date results have been inconsistent. Early assessment of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) genotype might be helpful to stratify PD patients concerning their individual risk for LID. Method In this meta-analysis, we have used 9 studies, which were selected through online databases. Statistical analysis was performed using R (v-3.6) software. 5 genetic models have been used in the present study: Allele model (A vs. G), Dominant model (AA+AG vs. GG), Homozygote model (AA vs. GG), Co-dominant/heterozygote model (AG vs. GG), and Recessive model (AA vs. AG + GG). Results The results indicated a significant association between COMT rs4680 (Val158Met) polymorphism and LID risk. The genotype AA of COMT rs4680 is a risk factor for LID in PD patients under the recessive model (AA vs GG+AG) in the random-effect model. Analysis based on ethnicity showed that COMT rs4680 SNP allele A is a risk factor for LID development in Asian PD patients, while GG genotype is a risk factor for LID development in non-Asian PD patients using different genetic models. Conclusion The results of the present meta-analysis support that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of LID in PD patients having ethnic variations.