bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regularization for Linear System Identification
Authors: Pillonetto Gianluigi , Chen Tianshi , Chiuso Alessandro , De Nicolao Giuseppe , Ljung Lennart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRegularization has been intensively used in statistics and numerical analysis to stabilize the solution of ill-posed inverse problems. Its use in System Identification, instead, has been less systematic until very recently. This chapter provides an overview of the main motivations for using regularization in system identification from a “classical” (Mean Square Error) statistical perspective, also discussing how structural properties of dynamical models such as stability can be controlled via regularization. A Bayesian perspective is also provided, and the language of maximum entropy priors is exploited to connect different form of regularization with time-domain and frequency-domain properties of dynamical systems. Some numerical examples illustrate the role of hyper parameters in controlling model complexity, for instance, quantified by the notion of Degrees of Freedom. A brief outlook on more advanced topics such as the connection with (orthogonal) basis expansion, McMillan degree, Hankel norms is also provided. The chapter is concluded with an historical overview on the early developments of the use of regularization in System Identification.
Regularization in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Pillonetto Gianluigi , Chen Tianshi , Chiuso Alessandro , De Nicolao Giuseppe , Ljung Lennart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMethods for obtaining a functiongin a relationship$$y=g(x)$$y=g(x)from observed samples ofyandxare the building blocks for black-box estimation. The classical parametric approach discussed in the previous chapters uses a function model that depends on a finite-dimensional vector, like, e.g., a polynomial model. We have seen that an important issue is the model order choice. This chapter describes some regularization approaches which permit to reconcile flexibility of the model class with well-posedness of the solution exploiting an alternative paradigm to traditional parametric estimation. Instead of constraining the unknown function to a specific parametric structure, the function will be searched over a possibly infinite-dimensional functional space. Overfitting and ill-posedness are circumvented by using reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces as hypothesis spaces and related norms as regularizers. Such kernel-based approaches thus permit to cast all the regularized estimators based on quadratic penalties encountered in the previous chapters as special cases of a more general theory.
Regularization for Nonlinear System Identification
Authors: Pillonetto Gianluigi , Chen Tianshi , Chiuso Alessandro , De Nicolao Giuseppe , Ljung Lennart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this chapter we review some basic ideas for nonlinear system identification. This is a complex area with a vast and rich literature. One reason for the richness is that very many parameterizations of the unknown system have been suggested, each with various proposed estimation methods. We will first describe with some details nonparametric techniques based on Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space theory and Gaussian regression. The focus will be on the use of regularized least squares, first equipped with the Gaussian or polynomial kernel. Then, we will describe a new kernel able to account for some features of nonlinear dynamic systems, including fading memory concepts. Regularized Volterra models will be also discussed. We will then provide a brief overview on neural and deep networks, hybrid systems identification, block-oriented models like Wiener and Hammerstein, parametric and nonparametric variable selection methods.
Einführung: heute das Morgen gestalten – veränderte Formen der Zusammenarbeit in den Gemeinden, Städten und Regionen
Authors: Abt Jan , Blecken Lutke , Bock Stephanie , Diringer Julia , Melzer Michael 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungStädte und Gemeinden sind die zentralen Orte und Akteure für eine erforderliche sozial-ökologische Transformation. Diese Transformation ist multidimensional: Ob demografische Veränderungen, Zuwanderung, Energie- und Mobilitätswende oder die nahezu alle Lebensbereiche verändernde Digitalisierung – Themen müssen gemeinsam bedacht und tragfähige, übergreifende Lösungen gefunden werden. Diese wachsende Komplexität trifft zugleich auf zurückgehende Ressourcen in den Kommunen. Eine wachsende Überforderung der kommunal Verantwortlichen ist vielerorts die Folge. Aus diesem Grund werden veränderte Formen der Zusammenarbeit von Politik, Verwaltung, Wirtschaft und Zivilgesellschaft in den Gemeinden, Städten und Regionen immer stärker thematisiert und praktiziert.Einleitend für diesen Band werden mit dem demografischen Wandel, regionalen Disparitäten und kommunal beschränkten Handlungsspielräumen drei zentrale Herausforderungen skizziert und beispielhafte Anforderungen für eine zukunftsfähige Kommunalentwicklung illustriert. Diese bildeten zugleich den Ausgangspunkt der BMBF-Fördermaßnahme „Kommunen innovativ“ im Rahmen dessen sich dieser Band mit neuen Formen der Zusammenarbeit auseinandersetzt.
Erfolgreiche Innenentwicklung durch Aktivierung privater Eigentümer*innen
Authors: Dettweiler Martina , Linke Hans-Joachim 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIm BMBF-Forschungsprojekt AktVis wurden Methoden zur Aktvierung von Innenentwicklungspotenzialen durch ein dreistufiges Beteiligungsverfahren unter Anwendung einer 3D-Visualisierung erarbeitet und getestet. Dabei spielte die Sensibilisierung der Bürgerschaft, insbesondere der privaten Eigentümer*innen, für die Notwendigkeit und den Mehrwert einer Innenentwicklung vor Ort eine entscheidende Rolle. In diesem Beitrag soll die Frage beantwortet werden, wie die Notwendigkeit der Innenentwicklung privaten Eigentümer*innen bewusstgemacht werden kann, um damit geeignete Maßnahmen anzustoßen.
„WIR reden MIT“ – Jugendliche partizipieren an der Entwicklung von Lösungsansätzen für kommunale Zielkonflikte der Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Meyer Christiane , Haubner Randy 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag stellt die Umsetzung und Evaluation eines schulischen Thinktanks in zwei Kommunen vor, der Jugendliche schulisch vorbereitet sowie u. a. bei kommunalen Ratssitzungen begleitet hat, um an der Entwicklung von Lösungsansätzen für kommunale Zielkonflikte der Nachhaltigkeit zu partizipieren (Projektlaufzeit: September 2017 bis August 2020). Das Schulprojekt wird in aktuelle Zielrichtungen von Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung auf unterschiedlichen Maßstabsebenen (global, national, kommunal) eingebettet und im Hinblick auf Zielkonflikte beleuchtet. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird der schulische Thinktank anschließend im Kontext gelingender Vermittlungsformate zur Partizipation von Jugendlichen sowie ihrer Verstetigung reflektiert und kommentiert.
Wie junge Frauen ihre Kleinstadt mitgestalten – die Vielschichtigkeit von freiwilligem Engagement
Authors: Kummel Olivia 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungFreiwilliges Engagement in einer Kleinstadt profitiert von der räumlichen und sozialen Nähe ihrer Einwohner*innen. Was passiert jedoch, wenn über die Hälfte der Bevölkerung ihre Kleinstadt verlässt? Es sind die jungen Menschen, die ihre Kleinstadt mitgestalten. Vor allem das sichtbare öffentliche Engagement der Frauen und ihr verborgenes privates Engagement prägen die kleinstädtische Vielfalt. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Umstände, unter denen junge Frauen einem Engagement nachgehen. Neben der privaten Unterstützung im Familienkreis sind es die „engagierten Netzwerke“, aus denen die engagierten Frauen ihre Kraft schöpfen.
Transparenz 2.0
Authors: von Lucke Jörn , Gollasch Katja 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungEin wesentlicher Ansatz für ein offenes Regierungs- und Verwaltungshandeln ist gelebte Transparenz. Insbesondere durch die stetig fortschreitende Digitalisierung in Staat und Verwaltung wird Transparenz immer mehr möglich. Zugleich fordert die Zivilgesellschaft sie zunehmend ein. Im zweiten Kapitel werden ausgehend von Amts-, Dienst- und Staatsgeheimnissen verschiedene Formen von Transparenz 1.0 vorgestellt. Das Konzept der Informationsfreiheit sowie die damit zusammenhängende Gesetzgebung in Bund und Ländern ergänzen dies. Anschließend werden Ansätze zur Weiterentwicklung zu Transparenz 2.0 & Co vorgestellt und auf weiterführende Themen wie Whistleblowing, digitale Gerichtsöffentlichkeit und Transparenzindizes eingegangen.
Partonic behavior of string scattering amplitudes from holographic QCD models
Authors: Bianchi Massimo , Firrotta Maurizio , Sonnenschein Jacob , Weissman Dorin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the emergence of partonic behavior in scattering processes at large Mandelstam’s variable s from string amplitudes in holographic backgrounds. We generalize the approach of Polchinski and Strassler [1] in two ways. (i) We analyze several holographic confining backgrounds, in particular the hard wall model, the soft wall model and Witten’s model. (ii) In addition to deriving the asymptotic behavior of the amplitudes at fixed angle and in the Regge limit, we also expand the amplitudes around their poles, integrate over the holographic direction and then re-sum the expansion. Due to dependence of the string tension on the holographic coordinate, the resulting singularities take the form of branch points rather than poles and the amplitudes display branch cuts and acquire a finite imaginary part. This may signal the failure of the PS prescription to reproduce the correct analytic structure at low energies. We also observe that the peaks are more pronounced in the region of small s but fade away for large s. In the fixed angle approximation we find in the hard and soft wall models that $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
∼ s2−∆/2 whereas in Witten’s model $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
∼ s3−∆/2 and $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
∼ s7/3−2∆/3 for the 11D and 10D formulations, respectively. In the Regge regime $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
∼ s2t−2+α (log s/t)−1+α where α is the power found in the fixed angle regime. Using the pole expansion the result for each model is Re [$$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
] ∼ s−1, Im [$$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
] ∼ sα. We compute the corresponding amplitudes for mesons using open strings and find qualitatively similar results as for closed strings.
Generalised U-dual solutions in supergravity
Authors: Blair Chris D. A. , Zhidkova Sofia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We discuss the notion of generalised U-duality as a solution generating technique in supergravity. We demonstrate a method to take solutions of type IIA supergravity on a 3-sphere, with NSNS flux, to new solutions of 11-dimensional supergravity, using exceptional geometry techniques. These new solutions are characterised by an underlying 3-algebra structure, and generalise features of solutions obtained by non-abelian T-duality, which involve an underlying ordinary Lie algebra. We focus on an example where we start with the pp-F1-NS5 solution in type IIA supergravity. We discuss the properties of our resulting new solution, including the possibility of viewing it globally as a U-fold, and its M2 and M5 brane charges. In the extremal case, the new solution admits an AdS3 limit, which falls into a recently constructed class of M-theory AdS3 backgrounds — this provides a global completion of our solution with a well-defined holographic dual, similar to the global completions of non-abelian T-dual solutions. Our full solution is a 6-vector deformation of this AdS3 limit. We also explicitly solve the Killing spinor equation in the AdS3 limit, finding a $$ \frac{1}{2}\hbox{-} \mathrm{BPS} $$

1
2

‐
BPS
solution.
An Analogy of the Carleson–Hunt Theorem with Respect to Vilenkin Systems
Authors: Persson L.-E. , Schipp F. , Tephnadze G. , Weisz F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper we discuss and prove an analogy of the Carleson–Hunt theorem with respect to Vilenkin systems. In particular, we use the theory of martingales and give a new and shorter proof of the almost everywhere convergence of Vilenkin–Fourier series of$$f\in L_p(G_m)$$f∈Lp(Gm)for$$p>1$$p>1in case the Vilenkin system is bounded. Moreover, we also prove sharpness by stating an analogy of the Kolmogorov theorem for$$p=1$$p=1and construct a function$$f\in L_1(G_m)$$f∈L1(Gm)such that the partial sums with respect to Vilenkin systems diverge everywhere.
Completely Compact Herz–Schur Multipliers of Dynamical Systems
Authors: He Weijiao , Todorov Ivan G. , Turowska Lyudmila 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe prove that if G is a discrete group and $$(A,G,\alpha )$$

(
A
,
G
,
α
)

is a C*-dynamical system such that the reduced crossed product $$A\rtimes _{r,\alpha } G$$

A

⋊

r
,
α

G

possesses property (SOAP) then every completely compact Herz–Schur $$(A,G,\alpha )$$

(
A
,
G
,
α
)

-multiplier can be approximated in the completely bounded norm by Herz–Schur $$(A,G,\alpha )$$

(
A
,
G
,
α
)

-multipliers of finite rank. As a consequence, if G has the approximation property (AP) then the completely compact Herz–Schur multipliers of A(G) coincide with the closure of A(G) in the completely bounded multiplier norm. We study the class of invariant completely compact Herz–Schur multipliers of $$A\rtimes _{r,\alpha } G$$

A

⋊

r
,
α

G

and provide a description of this class in the case of the irrational rotation algebra.
Tinea capitis bei Kindern – ein buntes Krankheitsbild
Authors: Drerup Katharina Antonia , Brasch Jochen 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungBei der Tinea capitis (TC) handelt es sich um eine Infektion der behaarten Kopfhaut durch Dermatophyten, ganz überwiegend durch anthropophile und zoophile Arten. Hauptsächlich sind Kinder betroffen. Die Inzidenz der TC nimmt in Deutschland aktuell aufgrund verschiedener Ursachen zu, wie z. B. der Migrationsbewegung aus Afrika und Reisen. Auch das Erregerspektrum verändert sich. Da das klinische Bild einer TC sehr unterschiedlich sein kann, sind initiale Fehldiagnosen häufig. Um diagnostische Irrtümer und unwirksame Therapieversuche zu vermeiden, sollten Pädiater:innen mit allen Aspekten der TC vertraut sein. Dazu werden die Klinik sowie die Erreger der TC erläutert; des Weiteren werden die Diagnostik sowie leitliniengerechte Therapie der TC dargestellt. Darüber hinaus werden Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung von Reinfektionen oder Infektionen anderer Kinder erklärt.
Systemic therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): an evidence-based recommendation of the German interdisciplinary RCC guidelines group
Authors: Grünwald V. , Bergmann L. , Brehmer B. , Eberhardt B. , Kastrati Karin , Gauler T. , Gehbauer G. , Gschwend J. , Johannsen M. , Klotz T. , Protzel C. , Schenck M. , Staehler M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The treatment landscape in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has evolved dramatically in recent years. Within the German guideline committee for RCC we evaluated current medical treatments and gave recommendations.

Methods
A systematic review of published evidence for medical treatment of mRCC was performed (July 2016–August 2019) to cover the duration from last guideline update in 2016. Evidence was graded according to SIGN (http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign50.pdf). Recommendations were made on the basis of a nominal group work with consensus approach and included patient advocates and shareholder of the German RCC treatment landscape. Each recommendation was graded according to its strength as strong recommendation (A) or recommendation (B). Expert statements were given, where appropriate.

Results
Strong first-line recommendations (IA) exist for axitinib + pembrolizumab (all risk categories) and ipilimumab + nivolumab (intermediate or poor risk only). Axitinib + avelumab is a recommended first-line treatment across patients with any risk category (IB). In patients who are not candidates for immune check point inhibitor (ICI) combinations, targeted agents should be offered as an alternative treatment. Subsequent treatment after ICI-based combinations remain ill-defined and no standard of care can be formulated.

Conclusion
ICI-based combinations are the first-line standard of care and should be considered accordingly. There is an unmet medical need for pivotal studies that define novel standards in patients with failure of ICI-based combinations.
Is hypnotic assessment relevant to neurology?
Authors: Fontanelli Lorenzo , Spina Vincenzo , Chisari Carmelo , Siciliano Gabriele , Santarcangelo Enrica L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Studies conducted in healthy subjects have clearly shown that different hypnotic susceptibility, which is measured by scales, is associated with different functional equivalence between imagery and perception/action (FE), cortical excitability, and information processing. Of note, physiological differences among individuals with high (highs), medium (mediums), and low hypnotizability scores (lows) have been observed in the ordinary state of consciousness, thus independently from the induction of the hypnotic state, and in the absence of specific suggestions. The potential role of hypnotic assessment and its relevance to neurological diseases have not been fully explored. While current knowledge and therapies allow a better survival rate, there is a constant need to optimize rehabilitation treatments and quality of life. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of hypnotizability-related features and, specifically, to discuss the hypothesis that the stronger FE, the different mode of information processing, and the greater proneness to control pain and the activity of the immune system observed in individuals with medium-to-high hypnotizability scores have potential applications to neurology. Current evidence of the outcome of treatments based on hypnotic induction and suggestions administration is not consistent, mainly owing to the small sample size in clinical trials and inadequate control groups. We propose that hypnotic assessment may be feasible in clinical routine and give additional cues into the treatment and rehabilitation of neurological diseases.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy newborn screening: the first 50,000 newborns screened in Taiwan
Authors: Chien Yin-Hsiu , Lee Ni-Chung , Weng Wen-Chin , Chen Li-Chu , Huang Yu-Hsuan , Wu Chao-Szu , Hwu Wuh-Liang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD/Duchenne) is a progressive X-linked muscular disease with an overall incidence of 1:5,000 live male births. Recent availability in treatment for DMD raised the need of early diagnosis, and DMD became as a selective item of newborn screening (NBS) since Feb. 2021 in our center.

Materials and methods
Dried blood spots (DBS) muscle-type creatine kinase (CK) isoform was measured with a commercialized kit with age-adjusted cutoffs. Subjects with an elevation of CK in the first screen were requested for a re-screen 2 weeks later. A DBS whole-exome sequencing (WES) panel for dystrophin and other neuromuscular-related genes was applied to confirm the diagnosis for subjects with persistent hyperCKemia.

Results
During a 1-year period, 50,572 newborns (male 26,130) received DMD screening at a mean age of 2 days (SD 1 day). Among them, 632 (1.2%) had an elevated CK value. A re-screen at a mean age of 14 days (SD 8 days) revealed 14 subjects with persistent hyperCKemia, and DMD was confirmed in 3 of them. The incidence of DMD in Taiwan was 1:8,710 (95% CI 1 in 2,963 to 1 in 25,610) live birth males. Results of DMD DBS also assisted in Pompe newborn screening.

Conclusions
NBS for DMD enables earlier management of the disease. The high re-screening rate could potentially be waived by moving the DBS WES assay to a second-tier test. The long-term benefit and the impact of newborn screening on the prognosis of DMD, however, remain further elucidated.
Birds and the ‘Post Tower’ in Bonn: a case study of light pollution
Authors: Korner Pius , von Maravic Irina , Haupt Heiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring six consecutive autumn seasons we registered birds that were attracted to an illuminated 41-storey building in Bonn, Germany, the so-called ‘Post Tower’. Casualties on the ground were disoriented by the light and in most cases collided with the building. All-night observations with numbers of casualties, effective light sources, moon, and weather parameters registered hourly allowed for analyses of the role of these factors for the attraction and disorientation of numerous migratory birds. As expected, the conspicuous façade illumination was responsible for many casualties (fatal or non-fatal). Additionally, the illuminated roof logos and even faint light sources like the emergency lights were attractive and led to casualties. Moon and rain were negatively correlated with casualties, but there was no clear correlation with other weather parameters. Turning off lights was key, but effects of other ex post mitigation measures were limited: shutters were not originally intended for the attenuation of light emissions, control technology was insufficient, and there was a lack of willingness of the building owner to reduce light emissions consistently, even during core bird migration periods. Conservation recommendations are derived from this case study.
Geolocator tagging of east Siberian Bluethroats
Authors: Bensch Staffan , Sokolovskis Kristaps , Willemoes Mikkel , Ivanov Stepan , Vartanyan Sergey , Solovyeva Diana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Bluethroat subspecies Cyanecula svecica svecia occurs throughout the northern Palearctic. European C. s. svecia has been shown to follow a route west of the Himalaya to winter quarters in southern Asia. Out of 30 Bluethroats tagged with geolocators in eastern Siberia, we obtained one track suggesting that it migrated east of the Himalaya to a wintering area located in Myanmar. The different routes of western and eastern C. s. svecia implicate the presence of a migratory divide in Siberia, either formed in situ during the post-glacial colonization process or resulting from a secondary contact between different refuge populations.
A Multi-disciplinary and Comparative Approach to Evaluating Pre-trial Detention Decisions: Towards Evidence-Based Reform
Authors: Dhami Mandeep K. , van den Brink Yannick N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe decision to remand a defendant into custody pre-trial is one of the most controversial criminal justice decisions because it deprives individuals of their liberty while they are presumed to be innocent of a crime. Indeed, pre-trial detention decisions can have significant consequences for defendants, which need to be balanced against the potential implications of bail for public safety and the course of criminal proceedings. Despite this, court-based bail and remand decision-making remains relatively underexplored. In this paper, we compare court-based bail/remand decision-making in England and Wales and The Netherlands. We focus on (i) the procedure and structure of decision-making, (ii) the substantive relevant legal frameworks, (iii) the courts in which the decisions are made and the decision-makers in those courts, (iv) the conditions characterizing the decision task, and (v) the court’s reasoning of bail and remand in custody decisions. Using a comparative and multi-disciplinary approach, relying on Law, Criminology, and Psychology, we make predictions about bail and remand in custody rates in the two jurisdictions as well as the decision performance of court-based decision-makers. These predictions are then evaluated using available (official) statistics and past research. We identify the need to collect more nuanced statistical data on bail and remand in custody rates and point to potentially fruitful avenues for future research. A comparative, multi-disciplinary, evidence-based approach can underpin remand reform in England and Wales, The Netherlands, and beyond.