bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Risk Factors For Kidney Tubule Biomarker Abnormalities Among Hypertensive Adults With Reduced eGFR in the SPRINT Trial
Authors: Ikeme Jesse C , Katz Ronit , Muiru Anthony N , Estrella Michelle M , Scherzer Rebecca , Garimella Pranav S , Hallan Stein I , Peralta Carmen A , Ix Joachim H , Shlipak Michael G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Urine biomarkers of kidney tubule health may distinguish aspects of kidney damage that cannot be captured by current glomerular measures. Associations of clinical risk factors with specific kidney tubule biomarkers have not been evaluated in detail.

METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional study in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial among 2,436 participants with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Associations between demographic and clinical characteristics with urine biomarkers of kidney tubule health were evaluated using simultaneous multivariable linear regression of selected variables.

RESULTS
Each standard deviation higher age (9 years) was associated with 13% higher levels of chitinase-3-like protein-1 (YKL-40), indicating higher levels of tubulointerstitial inflammation and repair. Men had 31% higher levels of alpha-1 microglobulin and 16% higher levels of beta-2 microglobulin, reflecting worse tubule resorptive function. Black race was associated with significantly higher levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (12%) and lower kidney injury molecule-1 (26%) and uromodulin (22%). Each standard deviation (SD) higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (16 mmHg) was associated with 10% higher beta-2 microglobulin and 10% higher alpha-1 microglobulin, reflecting lower tubule resorptive function.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinical and demographic characteristics, such as race, sex, and elevated SBP, are associated with unique profiles of tubular damage, which could reflect under-recognized patterns of kidney tubule disease among persons with decreased eGFR.
Aortopulmonary communication between the arterial trunks in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia
Authors: Zhou Ruofan , Li Xiao , Luo Shuhua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We reported a case of a 14-year-old tetralogy of Fallot/pulmonary atresia patient, where a rare tubular aortopulmonary communication between the arterial trunks allowed for well-growth of the pulmonary vasculature. The patient underwent successful one-stage unifocalization, right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit and ventricular septal defect closure. The tubular communication was considered an aortopulmonary window as opposed to the major aortopulmonary collateral, based on its exclusively intrapericardial course. We highlighted the importance of cross-section imaging in diagnosis and surgical decision-making in such situations.
Sub-inhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime treatment enhances biofilm formation of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium variant strain SH16SP46
Authors: Zhang Xiuling , Wang Mengran , Bao Xue , Li Pengyun , Cui Ailian , Meng Xianrong , Huang Qi , Li Shaowen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most important foodborne and zoonotic pathogens, and monophasic S. Typhimurium is ranked among the top-five Salmonella serovars causing animal and human infections worldwide. Resistance to the third- and higher-generation cephalosporins in Salmonella has attracted great attention. Bacteria are frequently exposed to sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antimicrobials that can trigger diverse adaptive responses such as biofilm formation. Biofilms can promote bacterial defense to external and internal harsh conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sub-MICs of cefotaxime, one of the third-generation cephalosporins, on biofilm formation by non-clinical S. enterica strains. Crystal violet staining demonstrated that cefotaxime at 1/8 MIC enhanced biofilm formation by two monophasic S. Typhimurium strains. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and enzymatic treatment assay revealed that cellulose was the most dominant extracellular matrix component contributing to Salmonella biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that cefotaxime treatment led to bacterial incomplete cell division and filamentous morphology during the whole process of biofilm formation. Our study is the first to report the enhancement effect of cefotaxime on non-clinical, monophasic S. Typhimurium by affecting bacterial morphology. The results will contribute to conducting risk assessments of Salmonella in the pork production chain and guiding the rational use of antimicrobial agents to reduce the risk of biofilm formation.
Association between patient-reported outcomes and impairments in work and activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission: A retrospective analysis using the IORRA database
Authors: Sakai Ryoko , Tanaka Eiichi , Inoue Eisuke , Sato Minako , Tanaka Masaru , Ikari Katsunori , Yamanaka Hisashi , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To explore the patient-reported outcomes (PROs) associated with work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical remission.

Methods
We enrolled patients with RA ≥18 years and with a simplified disease activity index ≤3.3 from the Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis data set collected in October 2017. The pain-visual analogue scale, patients’ global assessment visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese version of the Healthcare Assessment Questionnaire (J-HAQ) Disability Index, and duration of morning joint stiffness were selected as the PROs. To evaluate work productivity and activity, the WPAI for RA instrument (WPAI-RA) was used. To assess the contribution of each PRO to the WPAI-RA score, an analysis of variance model was constructed.

Results
The mean age of the 2614 patients was 62.4 years; 85.1% were female. Median values of the WPAI-RA score were 1.1% for absenteeism, 6.5% for presenteeism, 7.4% for work impairment, and 10.2% for activity impairment. Morning joint stiffness contributed the most to absenteeism (18.0%), while pain-VAS contributed the most to presenteeism (57.4%), work productivity loss (51.1%), and daily activity impairment (53.7%). J-HAQ was the second most contributing factor to presenteeism (17.4%), work productivity loss (16.3%), and daily activity impairment (26.0%).

Conclusions
The pain-VAS and J-HAQ highly contributed to WPAI in patients with RA in clinical remission.
Effectiveness and Optimal Duration of Adjunctive Rifampin Treatment in the Management of Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infections After Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Goto Michihiko , Nair Rajeshwari , Livorsi Daniel J , Sekar Poorani , Ohl Michael E , Diekema Daniel J , Perencevich Eli N , Alexander Bruce , Jones Michael P , McDaniel Jennifer S , Schweizer Marin L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Rifampin is recommended as adjunctive therapy for patients with a Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection (PJI) managed with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR), with no solid consensus on the optimal duration of therapy. Our study assessed the effectiveness and optimal duration of rifampin for S aureus PJI using Veterans Health Administration (VHA) data.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with S aureus PJI managed with DAIR between 2003 and 2019 in VHA hospitals. Patients who died within 14 days after DAIR were excluded. The primary outcome was a time to microbiological recurrence from 15 days up to 2 years after DAIR. Rifampin use was analyzed as a time-varying exposure, and time-dependent hazard ratios (HRs) for recurrence were calculated according to the duration of rifampin treatment.

Results
Among 4624 patients, 842 (18.2%) received at least 1 dose of rifampin; 1785 (38.6%) experienced recurrence within 2 years. Rifampin treatment was associated with significantly lower HRs for recurrence during the first 90 days of treatment (HR, 0.60 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .45–.79]) and between days 91 and 180 (HR, 0.16 [95% CI, .04–.66]) but no statistically significant protective effect was observed with longer than 180 days (HR, 0.57 [95% CI, .18–1.81]). The benefit of rifampin was observed for subgroups including knee PJI, methicillin-susceptible or -resistant S aureus infection, and early or late PJI.

Conclusions
This study supports current guidelines that recommend adjunctive rifampin use for up to 6 months among patients with S aureus PJI treated with DAIR.
The Long-Term Effects of Universal Preschool in Boston
Authors: Gray-Lobe Guthrie , Pathak Parag A , Walters Christopher R 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe use admissions lotteries to estimate the effects of large-scale public preschool in Boston on college-going, college preparation, standardized test scores, and behavioral outcomes. Preschool enrollment boosts college attendance as well as SAT test taking and high school graduation. Preschool also decreases high school disciplinary measures including juvenile incarceration, but has no detectable effect on state achievement test scores. An analysis of subgroups shows that effects on college enrollment, SAT-taking, and disciplinary outcomes are larger for boys than for girls. Our findings illustrate possibilities for large-scale modern, public preschool and highlight the importance of measuring long-term and non–test score outcomes in evaluating the effectiveness of education programs.
The Use of a Single Dose of Phenobarbital for Inpatient Management of Benzodiazepine Withdrawal: A Case Report
Authors: Messinger John C. , Hakimi Edmond , Vercollone Lisa 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
The current standard of care for physiological dependence to benzodiazepines requires prolonged outpatient tapers, which present challenges for patients and providers. Novel protocols for accelerated benzodiazepine tapers are needed. We describe a case of successful management of benzodiazepine withdrawal in the inpatient setting using a single, loading dose of phenobarbital with adjunctive valproate therapy.

Case Report
A 61-year-old woman with benzodiazepine use disorder using 3 to 4 mg of alprazolam daily presented to an inpatient medically supervised withdrawal unit requesting discontinuation of all benzodiazepines and other recreational substances by the time of discharge. Benzodiazepine withdrawal was treated with a single, loading dose of intravenous phenobarbital in line with an approved protocol for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, as well as adjunctive valproate therapy. The patient experienced resolution of withdrawal symptoms, had no complications, and ongoing abstinence at 60 days of follow-up.

Discussion
A single loading dose of phenobarbital in the inpatient setting is a viable alternative to prolonged outpatient tapers for the management of benzodiazepine withdrawal. Although this strategy requires further optimization, the prospect of a single-dose treatment for benzodiazepine withdrawal creates exciting opportunities for alternative management options and settings.

Conclusions
This case describes the successful management of benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome using a single loading dose of intravenous phenobarbital derived from an approved protocol for alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis: an update from bench to bedside
Authors: Fuzzi Enrico , Gatto Mariele , Zen Margherita , Franco Chiara , Zanatta Elisabetta , Ghirardello Anna , Doria Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
This review summarizes the recent developments about anti-MDA5 antibody positive dermatomyositis with a focus on its pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment options of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease, its most ominous complication.

Recent findings
Anti-MDA5+ dermatomyositis has a heterogeneous clinical spectrum with different patient subsets exhibiting widely different outcomes; severe acute interstitial lung disease is the main factor impacting prognosis. The pathogenetic role of anti-MDA5 antibodies is an active area of investigation.

Summary
Anti-MDA5+ dermatomyositis has a wider spectrum of manifestations than previously thought. A high index of suspicion is needed not to miss atypical presentations. In the setting of acute interstitial lung involvement, once a confident diagnosis is made, an aggressive approach with early combined immunosuppression affords the best chances of survival.
A cursed goodbye kiss from severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 to its pediatric hosts: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Haslak Fatih , Gunalp Aybuke , Kasapcopur Ozgur 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
We aimed to summarize a novel disease called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), which develops several weeks after a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) illness.

Recent findings
Given the rarity of the disease, the question of why a minority of children develop MIS-C is not known. Certain intrinsic susceptibility factors in the host have been described. In addition to hyperinflammation induced by the innate and acquired immune cells, evidence of molecular mimicry was presented for the disease pathogenesis. As there is an increasing number of infected individuals and mass vaccination schedules, concerns regarding the usefulness of the existing diagnostic criteria sets raised.

Summary
Although children are likely to have a milder COVID-19 course compared with adults, MIS-C as a postinfectious and life-threatening complication was reported in the pediatric age. After 2 years of the disease definition, optimal treatment regimes, effective preventive measures, and long-term outcomes are still debated.
Evaluation of Free Valproate Concentration in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Brown Caitlin S. , Liu JiTong , Riker Richard R. , Mara Kristin C. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Fraser Gilles L. , May Teresa L. , Seder David , Gagnon David J. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Protein binding of valproate is variable in ICU patients, and the total valproate concentration does not predict the free valproate concentration, even when correcting for albumin. We sought to quantify valproate free concentration among ICU patients, identify risk factors associated with an increasing free valproate concentration, and evaluate the association between free valproate concentration with potential adverse drug effect.

DESIGN:
Retrospective multicenter cohort study.

SETTING:
Two academic medical centers.

PATIENTS:
Patients greater than or equal to 18 years of age with concomitant free and total valproate concentrations collected in the ICU.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Two-hundred fifty-six patients were included in the study, with a median age of 56 years (42–70) and 65% of patients were male. The median total valproate concentration was 53 µg/mL (38–70 µg/mL), the free valproate concentration was 12 µg/mL (7–20 µg/mL), and the free fraction was 23.6% (17.0–33.9%). Therapeutic discordance between the free and total valproate concentration occurred in 70% of patients. On multivariable analysis, increased free valproate concentration was associated with higher total valproate concentration (per 5 µg/mL increase, increase 1.72 µg/mL, 95% CI, 1.48–1.96) and lower serum albumin (per 1 g/dL decrease, increase 4.60 µg/mL, 95% CI, 2.71–6.49). There was no association between free valproate concentration and adverse effects.

CONCLUSIONS:
The valproate total and free concentration was discordant in the majority of patients (70%). Increased valproate free concentration was associated with hypoalbuminemia and total valproate concentration. Clinical decisions based on total valproate concentration may be incorrect for many ICU patients. Prospective, controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings and their clinical relevance.
New perspectives in liquid biopsy for glioma patients
Authors: Pasqualetti Francesco , Rizzo Milena , Franceschi Sara , Lessi Francesca , Paiar Fabiola , Buffa Francesca M. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. They are characterized by a disappointing prognosis and ineffective therapy that has shown no substantial improvements in the past 20 years. The lack of progress in treating gliomas is linked with the inadequacy of suitable tumor samples to plan translational studies and support laboratory developments. To overcome the use of tumor tissue, this commentary review aims to highlight the potential for the clinical application of liquid biopsy (intended as the study of circulating biomarkers in the blood), focusing on circulating tumor cells, circulating DNA and circulating noncoding RNA.

Recent findings
Thanks to the increasing sensitivity of sequencing techniques, it is now possible to analyze circulating nucleic acids and tumor cells (liquid biopsy).

Summary
Although studies on the use of liquid biopsy are still at an early stage, the potential clinical applications of liquid biopsy in the study of primary brain cancer are many and have the potential to revolutionize the approach to neuro-oncology, and importantly, they offer the possibility of gathering information on the disease at any time during its history.
Surgical management of skull base meningiomas and vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Gambacciani Carlo , Grimod Gianluca , Sameshima Tetsuro , Santonocito Orazio S. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
The aim of this study is to discuss surgical management of meningiomas and schwannomas of skull base.

Recent findings
Meningiomas and schwannomas are typically benign neoplasm with a good prognosis after surgery. Patients should be treated individually related to several features: size and localization of tumor and its proximity with deep critical neurovascular structures, neurological status, age and comorbidity. Also, the widespread use of neuroimaging and the progressive and constant aging of the populations inevitably result in the increase of detection rate of incidental (asymptomatic) neoplasm.
Nowadays, there are still controversies about the correct management strategy.

Summary
Surgery represents the gold standard treatment, with the objective of gross total resection; however, it is not always feasible due to localization, encasement of neuro-vascular structure, invasion of cranial nerve and brain parenchyma. Stereotactic radiosurgery and radiation therapy are important to achieve a satisfactory functional outcome and tumor control in case of residue or recurrence. A multidisciplinary approach is pivotal.
Imaging for illuminating actionable pathways in breast cancer
Authors: Gilardi Laura , Airò Farulla Lighea Simona , Ceci Francesco 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Nuclear medicine has the potential to explore and illuminate several pathways in breast cancer (BC) offering different radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) designed to target specific tumor characteristics. The aim of this critical review is to give an overview about emerging opportunities in PET imaging, underlining the future potential contribution in the management of BC patients.

Recent findings
Beside 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose (FDG), new generation tracers for PET imaging have been recently proposed to investigate specific characteristics in breast cancer, both targeting tumor cells and the tumor micro-environment (TME).

Summary
FDG-PET is a procedure that received extensive clinical validation. However, its role in BC is still suboptimal due to the low-FDG avidity of specific tumor subtypes. Human epidermal growth receptor-2 and integrin targeted PET radiotracers might provide useful information selecting patients more likely to respond to target therapy. FluoroEstradiol (FES) is a FDA-approved PET radiotracer targeting the estrogen receptor (ER), useful to investigate metastatic ER+ patients, to assess in vivo ER heterogeneity and to evaluate hormonal therapy efficacy. Inhibitors of the fibroblast activation protein (FAPi) targeting the cancer-associated fibroblast can explore the TME with PET imaging. FAPi is also proposed a theranostic agent for radio-ligand therapy.
Basal Cell Carcinoma With Perineural Invasion: A Systematic Review and Pooled Survival Analysis
Authors: Abushukur Yasmine , Ibrahim Yousef , Cascardo Camilla , Keeley Jacob , Knackstedt Thomas 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
Perineural invasion (PNI) is considered a high-risk histopathologic feature in many skin cancers. Perineural invasion is a well-known poor prognostic factor of squamous cell carcinoma, but is poorly understood in the context of basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

OBJECTIVE
To analyze available demographic, clinical, and treatment data for BCC with PNI and the effect of these variables on recurrence patterns, disease progression, and cancer-specific mortality (CSM).

METHODS
A systematic review and pooled-survival analysis was performed using case reports and series of patients with perineural BCC.

RESULTS
This review included 159 patients from 49 publications. Of these cases, 57 patients reported at least one recurrence. Where reported, median follow-up time was 31 months for patients without recurrence (n = 79) and 21 months for patients with recurrence (n = 32). The cumulative incidence of CSM at 5 years was 8.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.028–0.186) and the overall five-year survival was 90.9% (95% CI 0.796–0.961).

CONCLUSION
Male gender, multifocal nerve involvement, presence of clinical symptoms, and PNI detected on imaging are associated with poor prognosis of BCC with PNI. The high rate of disease recurrence and suboptimal cumulative incidence of CSM highlights the importance of early clinical detection, before the onset of symptomatic PNI and multifocal nerve involvement.
Transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention: to repair or to replace?
Authors: Hagemeyer Daniel , Ong Geraldine , Peterson Mark D. , Fam Neil P. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
The burden of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is high in the aging population, almost 4% in the age group over 75 have moderate or more TR. This carries a poor prognosis and an increased incidence of mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and rehospitalization in symptomatic patients with severe TR is observed. Percutaneous tricuspid valve intervention has emerged as a viable therapeutic option, with an increasingly large toolbox of both tricuspid repair and replacement devices. The optimal strategy, timing and patient selection for transcatheter intervention are yet to be determined. This review focuses on the current strengths and limitations of transcatheter tricuspid repair vs. replacement, drawing on lessons learned from surgery.

Recent findings
Early outcome studies have been published in the last 2 years for many of the new percutaneous tricuspid valve devices. We have summarized these results and compared them to surgical tricuspid valve repair and replacement. We found that surgical data shows a tendency to better outcome with tricuspid valve repair compared to replacement. For transcatheter interventions studies comparing repair and replacement are lacking but both interventions show good procedural success rates and are efficient in reducing the grade of tricuspid regurgitation.

Summary
Transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions offer a safe and effective alternative to tricuspid surgery or medical therapy. The decision between valve replacement and repair should be based on patient anatomy, operator experience and device availability until head-to-head comparison of different devices are available.