bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Hydroconversion of 5‐HMF to Value‐Added Chemicals: Insights into the Role of Catalyst Properties and Feedstock Purity
Authors: Turkin Aleksei A. , Makshina Ekaterina V. , Sels Bert F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an important bio‐derived platform molecule that is generally obtained from hexoses via acid‐catalyzed dehydration. It can be effectively transformed into a variety of value‐added derivatives, thus being an ideal candidate for fossil replacement. Both HMF oxidation and hydrogenation processes enable the synthesis of numerous chemicals, monomers for polymerization, and biofuel precursors. This Review summarizes the most recent advances in heterogeneous catalytic hydroconversion of HMF into valuable chemicals with strong focus on 2,5‐bishydroxymethyl furan (BHMF), 2,5‐bishydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran (BHMTHF), and 2,5‐dimethyltetrahydrofuran (DMTHF). In addition, multifunctional catalytic systems that enable a tunable production of various HMF derived intermediates are discussed. Within this chemistry, the surprising impact of HMF purity on the catalytic performance, such as selectivity and activity, during its upgrading is highlighted. Lastly, the remaining challenges in the field of HMF hydroconversion to the mentioned chemicals are summarized and discussed, taking into account the knowledge gain of catalyst properties and feedstock purity.
Hydrothermal performance of humid air flow in a rectangular solar air heater equipped with V‐shaped ribs
Authors: Nouri Kadijani Omid , Kazemi Moghadam Hamid , Mousavi Ajarostaghi Seyed Soheil , Asadi Asgar , Saffari Pour Mohsen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this numerical work, heat transfer characteristics of humid air in a rectangular channel as solar air heater equipped with V‐shaped ribs has been investigated. The impacts of geometrical parameters of proposed ribs such as height, pitch, and angle relative to air flow direction, as well as relative humidity and Reynolds number of inlet humid air on thermal performance of proposed solar air heater have been evaluated. The numerical results have been achieved using commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, ANSYS FLUENT 18.2, which works based on finite volume method. Outcomes shows that, over a wide range of operating conditions, utilizing ribs cause thermal boundary layer to separate and reattach, and eventually enhance heat transfer rate. Increasing the rib angle produces stronger secondary flows, leading to higher local velocities and greater heat transfer rate. Moreover, increasing the relative humidity of inlet air from 0% to 50% leads to improve heat transfer by up to 6%. As Reynolds number increases from 4000 to 12,000, average Nusselt number rises by 7.3% and 31.4% for rib pitches of 6 and 16 mm, respectively. The results demonstrate how thermal performance of a solar air heater can be improved by utilizing V‐shaped ribs.
Ethical decision‐making of supervisors of color
Authors: Levitt Dana Heller , Crawford Candice R. , Pamphile Shanta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEthical decision‐making is minimally addressed in counseling supervision literature. Supervisors or color may find challenges given the cultural context of both supervision and ethical decision‐making. The authors interviewed six supervisors of color about ethical decision‐making in supervision. The authors noted four themes: difficulty navigating culture in ethical decision‐making, training limitations, “ethical decision‐making is for White folks,” and making sense of ethical decision‐making in supervision. Implications for supervisor preparation, practice, and research are discussed.
Confidence intervals for point‐of‐stabilization of content uniformity
Authors: Hlávka Zdeněk , Míchal Petr , Otava Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWithin the framework of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing, we are interested in statistical modeling of the initial behavior of the production line. Assuming a gradually changing sequence of a suitable product quality characteristic (e.g., the content uniformity), we estimate the so‐called point‐of‐stabilization (PoSt) and construct corresponding confidence regions based on appropriate asymptotic distributions and bootstrap. We investigate linear, quadratic, and nonlinear gradual change models both in homoscedastic and heteroscedastic setup. We propose a new nonlinear Emax gradual change model and show that it is applicable even if the true model is linear. Asymptotic distribution of the PoSt estimator is known only in a homoscedastic linear and quadratic model and, therefore, bootstrap approximations are used to construct one‐sided PoSt confidence intervals.
Just Caring: Precision Health vs. Ethical Ambiguity: Can we Afford the Ethical and Economic Costs?
Authors: Fleck Leonard M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany see “precision medicine” and “precision health” complementing one another. Precision medicine is critical when we have a life-threatening cancer that could be managed with a targeted cancer therapy. Still, we would rationally prefer whatever medicine might offer that would either prevent the emergence of that cancer or treat it in its earliest stages, the goal of precision health. Dr. Raza, an oncologist, argues in a book titled “The First Cell” that we should abandon paying for targeted therapies for metastatic cancer, and use that money to detect cancer up front using “liquid biopsies” to identify cancer cells in the blood at $500 each, or $100 billion per year. However, I argue that this would be neither a wise nor just use of limited health care resources. Granted, targeted therapies for most patients yield costly marginal gains in life expectancy. Still, we would be sacrificing identified lives for the statistical lives we hoped to save with liquid biopsy tests. We could do Whole Genome Sequencing of the entire population at $3000 per person, looking for the 10% of the population with a heritable cancer, again neither a wise nor just use of limited health care resources. We could fund research to identify biomarkers that would identify cancer patients who would be strong responders to targeted therapies and deny these therapies at social expense to moderate responders. The money saved could be used for targeted precision health efforts. What is really fair? Answering this question requires developing processes of fair and inclusive rational democratic deliberation. What choices are our healthy selves willing to pay for and live with if we develop cancer?
Conclusions: The Biomarkers That Could Be Born
Authors: Strand Roger , Bremer Anne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this short chapter, the editors draw their main conclusions. Using Antonio Gramsci’s analysis of what constitutes a crisis, it begins by reviewing the unsustainable political economy of cancer research as an obstacle for cancer biomarkers. It proceeds to conclude that the imaginary of precision oncology poses inherent risks and limitations to the development of cancer care. Instead, the authors argue for a notion of personalised cancer research and care that combines the advancement of biomarkers with a patient-centred focus. For incurable cancers biomedical research could be better directed towards needs to reduce suffering and ensure integrity and dignity for patients.
Forest GUMP: A Tool for Explanation
Authors: Murtovi Alnis , Bainczyk Alexander , Steffen Bernhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present Forest GUMP (for Generalized, Unifying Merge Process) a tool for providing tangible experience with three concepts of explanation. Besides the well-known model explanation and outcome explanation, Forest GUMP also supports class characterization, i.e., the precise characterization of all samples with the same classification. Key technology to achieve these results is algebraic aggregation, i.e., the transformation of a Random Forest into a semantically equivalent, concise white-box representation in terms of Algebraic Decision Diagrams (ADDs). The paper sketches the method and illustrates the use of Forest GUMP along an illustrative example taken from the literature. This way readers should acquire an intuition about the tool, and the way how it should be used to increase the understanding not only of the considered dataset, but also of the character of Random Forests and the ADD technology, here enriched to comprise infeasible path elimination.
Cutting rule for cosmological collider signals: a bulk evolution perspective
Authors: Tong Xi , Wang Yi , Zhu Yuhang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We show that the evolution of interacting massive particles in the de Sitter bulk can be understood at leading order as a series of resonant decay and production events. From this perspective, we classify the cosmological collider signals into local and nonlocal categories with drastically different physical origins. This further allows us to derive a cutting rule for efficiently extracting these cosmological collider signals in an analytical fashion. Our cutting rule is a practical way for extracting cosmological collider signals in model building, and can be readily implemented as symbolic computational packages in the future.
One-loop same helicity YM amplitudes from BG currents
Authors: Chattopadhyay Pratik , Krasnov Kirill 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We propose and prove a new formula for the one-loop all same helicity Yang-Mills amplitudes. These amplitudes are seen to arise as a sum of products of two tree-level Berends-Giele currents connected by an effective propagator. To make sense of the propagators one needs to introduce the so-called region, or dual momenta. The formula is proven by observing that it readily implies the correct collinear limit properties. The only non-trivial part of the proof is establishing that our formula for the amplitude is invariant under shifts of the region momenta.
Differences in stopover duration and body mass change among Emberiza buntings during autumn migration in the Russian Far East
Authors: Collet Léna , Heim Wieland 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStopover periods between flights are essential for migrating birds, and the time birds spend at stopover sites as well as the refuelling rate is determined by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as competition and environmental conditions. While most studies on stopover ecology have been conducted along the Nearctic-Neotropical and the Palaearctic-African flyways, little is known about species migrating along the East Asian flyway. To address this, we compared stopover duration and body mass change of 13 closely related Emberiza bunting species during autumn migration in the Russian Far East. We found significant differences in stopover duration between the species but no differences in body mass change. Overall, stopover duration decreased during the season, suggesting that late-arriving individuals leave earlier due to external factors like unfavourable climatic conditions or food availability or as a result of their endogenous spatiotemporal migration program. We also found that stopover duration correlates with the fat score at arrival and the geographic position of breeding grounds. Juveniles stayed longer at the stopover site than adults, suggesting that the latter might be able to migrate more efficiently. No sex-specific differences in stopover duration were found. We found that body mass change was positively correlated with stopover duration and arrival date. We argue that buntings modulate their stopover duration depending on the energy required to continue migration. Our results suggest the applicability of optimal migration theory for the East Asian flyway.
Improvement of FGF7 Thermal Stability by Introduction of Mutations in Close Vicinity to Disulfide Bond and Surface Salt Bridge
Authors: An Young Jun , Lee Kyeong Won , Jung Ye-Eun , Jeong Ye Eun , Kim Su-Jin , Woo Jurang , Jin Jonghwa , Lee Won-Kyu , Cha Kiweon , Cha Sun-Shin , Lee Jung-Hyun , Yim Hyung-Soon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFibroblast Growth Factor 7 (FGF7), a growth factor specific to epithelial cells, has attracted attention as a therapeutic protein. However, FGF7 has a limitation in its use due to low protein stability. Here, the mutations were designed to increase the stability of FGF7 by analyzing its 3D structure and sequence of other FGFs. Palifermin, N-terminal truncated FGF7 is known to have improved stability and was used as control protein in our study. The K126 and K178 were substituted into glutamate to form salt bridge with the neighboring residue R175 respectively and A120C mutation was introduced in close vicinity to disulfide bond between C133 and C137. The data of Circular Dichroism (CD) showed that all mutant proteins tested had higher Tm value than Palifermin and Tm of A120C/K126E/K178E FGF7 mutant protein was 15.24 °C higher than that of Palifermin. The results of cell proliferation activity and soluble protein analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) after 37 °C or 45 °C incubation exhibited that the stability of A120C mutant protein and A120C-including mutant proteins was improved. These results suggest that the mutation of amino acid in close vicinity to disulfide bond and the salt bridge at the surface of FGF7 enhanced thermal stability and make FGF7 more useful for pharmaceutical and cosmetical application.
Effect of economic development, income inequality, transportation, and environmental expenditures on transport emissions: evidence from OECD countries
Authors: Hussain Zahid , Khan Muhammad Kaleem , Shaheen Wasim Abbass 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Environmental quality has been pondered as an essential aspect of sustainable development across the global economies. Several factors such as economic development, income inequality, transportation, and environmental expenditures drastically influence environmental quality. More specifically, the transport sector is a major contributor to carbon emissions which deteriorate the environmental quality. Therefore, this study investigates whether economic development, transportation, environmental expenditures, and income inequality affect transport-carbon emissions for the OECD countries. Furthermore, panel time-series data period from 2000 to 2020 and cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag method are used for transport-oriented environmental examination. Results demonstrate that transportation upsurges transport-carbon emission level by 46.45% on average. Moreover, the joint effect of economic development and environmental taxes significantly reduces transport-carbon emissions by 14.70%. Findings further suggest that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between economic development and transport emission. Besides, income inequality, environmental expenditures, and green transportation are negatively associated with the coefficient of transport-carbon emissions. More interestingly, income inequality is negatively correlated with transport-carbon emissions across the sample countries. Furthermore, the joint effect of income inequality and economic development increases the emission level released by the transport sector. Thus, this research recommends some policies: countries should control traffic movements and increase environmental expenditures, and produce green transport vehicles to tackle environmental issues.
Generational Differences in Subjective Well-Being in Australia
Authors: Botha Ferdi , Vera-Toscano Esperanza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe test for differences in subjective well-being across four pre-defined generations in Australia born between 1928 and 1994: The Lucky Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. We focus on overall life satisfaction and range of domain satisfactions. We find that Baby Boomers are less satisfied with life than thosce born before and after them. We observe similar patterns when considering domains such as finances and housing. However, differences in satisfaction with employment opportunities show the opposite pattern, with Baby Boomers and Generation X’s reporting higher satisfaction as compared to the Lucky Generation and especially those from Generation Y. Family and labour marketcv status have greater effects than cohort of birth on many of the domains studied; however, the cohort effects are significant and non-negligible, particularly concerning satisfaction with life, employment opportunities, and housing.
Das Puppeninterview zur Erfassung subjektiver Krankheitsannahmen krebskranker Kinder
Authors: Schepper Florian , Herzog Kristina , Herrmann Jessy , Martini Julia 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Subjektive Krankheitsannahmen beinhalten Annahmen über Symptome, emotionale Reaktionen, Verlauf, Konsequenzen und Kontrollierbarkeit einer Erkrankung. Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass subjektive Krankheitsannahmen mit der Krankheitsverarbeitung und dem psychischen Wohlbefinden assoziiert sind. Bisher gibt es kein Erhebungsinstrument zur Befragung von Kindern, sodass hier oftmals nur der Bericht der Eltern verfügbar ist.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel ist die Entwicklung und psychometrische Überprüfung eines Puppeninterviews zur altersgerechten Erfassung subjektiver Krankheitsannahmen für Kinder ab 4 Jahren. Beschreibung von Durchführungsempfehlungen mit Indikation und Kontraindikation.

Methode
Das Puppeninterview zur Erfassung subjektiver Krankheitsannahmen wurde auf Grundlage des „Illness Perception Questionnaire“ (IPQ-R) und des „Berkeley Puppet Interviews“ entwickelt und an zwei Stichproben (n = 11 und n = 64) überprüft.

Ergebnisse
Die Anwendbarkeit, Verständlichkeit und Nützlichkeit des Puppeninterviews wurde für die Akut- und Nachsorgephase gezeigt, wobei sich die Krankheitsannahmen je nach Krankheitsphase unterscheiden können. Es zeigten sich erwartungskonforme Interskalenkorrelationen im Puppeninterview (z. B. Chronizität – Konsequenzen für die Lebensführung: r = 0,690, p ≤ 0,05), hypothesenkonforme Ergebnisse zur Konstruktvalidität (z. B. Chronizität – internale Kontrolle r = −0,711, p ≤ 0,05) und zufriedenstellende interne Konsistenzen. Mitunter besprachen die Kinder mit den Puppen mögliche Bewältigungsstrategien, was zu einer Entlastung beitrug.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Einschätzungen der Eltern können zukünftig durch eine zuverlässige Erhebung von subjektiven Krankheitsannahmen bei Kindern ab 4 Jahren ergänzt werden, um medikamentöse und psychosoziale Interventionen gezielt anzupassen.
The Narrative Policy Framework: A Traveler’s Guide to Policy Stories
Authors: Schlaufer Caroline , Kuenzler Johanna , Jones Michael D. , Shanahan Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe last decade has seen the rise of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) as a valuable theoretical framework for advancing knowledge of the policy process. In this article, we investigate the NPF’s “travel” capacities across geographies, political systems, policy fields, levels of analysis, methodological approaches, and other theories of the policy process. We assess these capabilities by reviewing extant research and mapping newly explored territories. While we find that the NPF embodies all necessary conditions to travel to different settings, the empirical applications remain largely confined to the U.S. and European contexts, environmental policy, the meso level of analysis, the use of content analysis of documents as a methodological approach, and only a few combinations with other theories of the policy process. Our findings indicate that the NPF can travel well. However, we call for further research to conceptualize the NPF’s macro level, to replicate NPF scholarship beyond liberal democratic institutional contexts, and to affirm the framework’s capacity to be generalizable in varied settings.
Die Bedeutung der Orientierung am Islam für Extremismuspräventionsangebote in der pädagogischen Arbeit mit muslimischen Jugendlichen
Authors: Langner Joachim , Zschach Maren 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht pädagogische Angebote, die junge Menschen gegen islamistischen Extremismus stärken sollen und fragt, wie Fachkräfte den Islam als Teil ihrer pädagogischen Arbeit verstehen. Auf der empirischen Basis von Interviews mit pädagogischen Mitarbeitenden werden unterschiedliche Typen pädagogischer Handlungsorientierungen in Bezug auf Religion in der Auseinandersetzung mit islamistischem Extremismus herausgearbeitet. Diese deuten eine Orientierung am Islam als Teil der Identität der Jugendlichen und ihrer Orientierung in der Migrationsgesellschaft (1), als eine Perspektive auf die Alltagspraxis der jungen Menschen, die Vergemeinschaftung unterstützt (2), oder als Weg zur Erschließung von Antworten auf extremistische Ideologien aus den autoritativen Quellen des Islams (3).Abschließend wird diskutiert inwiefern spezifische religionspädagogische Angebote den Fachkräften als Türöffner in die Lebenswelt der jungen Menschen fungieren und für den Aufbau einer vertrauensvollen Beziehung genutzt werden und inwiefern sich Mitarbeitende teilweise auf ein starkes Eigenverständnis als Muslime beziehen, was ggf. andere Qualitäten ihrer professionellen Identität in den Hintergrund treten lässt.
Heterogenität motivationaler Merkmale im Unterrichtskontext
Authors: Lazarides Rebecca , Schiepe-Tiska Anja 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDer angemessene Umgang mit Heterogenität gilt als eine der zentralen Herausforderungen aber auch als eine bedeutsame Chance für Schule und Unterricht. Dabei wird häufig die Frage diskutiert, wie Unterricht adaptiv das Leistungsniveau von Lernenden berücksichtigen kann. Im vorliegenden Beitrag gehen wir der Frage nach, wie Unterrichtsgestaltung die unterschiedlichen motivationalen Lernvoraussetzungen von Schülerinnen und Schülern und ihr unterschiedliches motivationales Erleben von Lernsituationen angemessen aufgreifen kann. Dabei werden zunächst theoretische und empirische Perspektiven auf motivationale Heterogenität und ihr Zusammenwirken mit geschlechtsbezogenen, sprachlichen oder sozialen Heterogenitätsdimensionen diskutiert. Anschließend befassen wir uns mit der Frage, wie und unter welchen Bedingungen Unterricht adaptiv unterschiedliche motivationale Lernvoraussetzungen aufgreifen kann und schlagen ein Prozessmodell motivational adaptiver Unterrichtsgestaltung vor, aus dem auch praktische Implikationen für Lehrkräftebildung und Unterrichtspraxis abgeleitet werden.