bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of larval density and additional anchoring surface on the life‐history traits of a laboratory colonized Anopheles funestus strain
Authors: Zengenene Munyaradzi Prince , Munhenga Givemore , Okumu Fredros , Koekemoer Lizette Leonie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOptimal rearing conditions, inclusive of larval rearing density, are critical for sustained mosquito productivity. There is limited information on favourable conditions for the larval rearing of Anopheles funestus, the dominant malaria vector in east and southern Africa. This work investigated the effects of larval rearing densities and additional anchoring surface on An. funestus development using a life table approach. Larval cohorts were reared at four different larval densities using the same rearing surface area, larval food concentrations and temperature conditions. Rearing larvae at high densities extended the larval developmental time and reduced adult productivity. Adding an extra larval anchoring surface when rearing larvae at high density resulted in extended larval developmental time, increased larval survivorship and produced bigger adults. These findings improve our understanding of the relationship between larval density and developmental traits in An. funestus and provides baseline information for An. funestus rearing under laboratory conditions.
Personalist Resonances in Robert Grosseteste's Christology
Authors: Smith Brett W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRobert Grosseteste articulated an unusual view of Christ's death that resonates with Karol Wojtyla's personalist conception of love as self-gift. Grosseteste argued that the cause of Christ's death was not crucifixion but the active breathing forth of his spirit as he hung on the cross. Grosseteste said that in this act Christ took all the faithful into an Aristotelian friendship in which Christ is the “other self” of each one of the redeemed. As a result, the redeemed form a single mystical person with Christ. Grosseteste's account of Christ's death seems consonant with Wojtyla's personalism in three ways. First, it makes the moment of Christ's death into an active gift of self. Second, parallel to the way an ordinary self-donation depends on self-possession and results in self-discovery, Christ's self-donation depends on his power to lay down his life and results in the realization of the mystical personhood of Christ in the Church. Third, Grosseteste treats the love between the persons of the Trinity as involving the self-donation of the Son to the Father. This article contains three sections. The first two treat Grosseteste and his resonance with Wojtyla. The third draws conclusions for contemporary Christology and anthropology.
Epidemiology of cardiovascular death in kidney failure: An Australian and New Zealand cohort study using data linkage
Authors: Khou Victor , De La Mata Nicole L. , Kelly Patrick J. , Masson Philip , O'Lone Emma , Morton Rachael L. , Webster Angela C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimCardiovascular mortality risk evolves over the lifespan of kidney failure (KF), as patients develop comorbid disease and transition between treatment modalities. Absolute cardiovascular death rates would help inform clinical practice and health‐care provision, but are not well understood across a continuum of dialysis and transplant states. We aimed to characterize cardiovascular death across the natural history of KF using a lifespan approach.MethodsWe performed a population‐based cohort study of incident patients commencing kidney replacement therapy in Australia and New Zealand. Cardiovascular deaths were identified using data linkage to national death registers. We estimated the probability of death and kidney transplant using multi‐state models, and calculated rates of graft failure and cardiovascular death across demographic factors and comorbidities.ResultsAmong 60 823 incident patients followed over 381 874 person‐years, 25% (8492) of deaths were from cardiovascular disease. At 15 years from treatment initiation, patients had a 15.2% probability of cardiovascular death without being transplanted, but only 2.3% probability of cardiovascular death post‐transplant. Females had a 3% lower probability of cardiovascular death at 15 years (15.3% vs. 18.6%) but 4% higher probability of non‐cardiovascular death (54.5% vs. 50.8%). Within the first year of dialysis, cardiovascular mortality peaked in the second month and showed little improvement across treatment era.ConclusionDespite improvements over time, cardiovascular death remains common in KF, particularly among the dialysis population and in the first few months of treatment. Multi‐state models can provide absolute measures of cardiovascular mortality across both dialysis and transplant states.
Singular thoughts, singular attitude reports, and acquaintance
Authors: Lee Jeonggyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is widely accepted among philosophers that there is a tension between acquaintance constraints on singular thought and the plausible assumption that the truths of singular attitude reports ensure the subject's having singular thoughts. From this, anti‐acquaintance theorists contend that acquaintance constraints must be rejected. As a response, many acquaintance theorists maintain that there is good reason to doubt a strong connection between singular attitude reports and singular thoughts. In this paper, however, I defend the acquaintance theory by arguing that there is in fact no tension at all. I consider three objections regarding singular attitude reports against the acquaintance theory: (i) ultra‐liberal singular attitude reports, (ii) the “There is something that S believes to be F” locution, and (iii) infelicities of singular attitude reports. Then, I argue that none of them succeed in showing a genuine tension.
An assessment of the Libyan baccalaureate nursing education during political turmoil
Authors: Edwards Lori , Corley Andrew G. , Lucea Marguerite B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince the Libyan Revolution in 2011, the country's nursing workforce has been struggling. Libyan nursing schools have focused on rebuilding the country's supply of nurses after many emigrated. Wanting to infuse the workforce with more baccalaureate‐prepared nurses, Libyan nursing faculty invited nursing and public health representatives from a US‐based academic medical institution and a non‐governmental medical organization to collaborate with local stakeholders in a country‐wide assessment. The purpose of this article is to outline the national programs’ strengths and weaknesses and make recommendations for developing a strategy to elevate nursing education to meet international standards. This can serve as a launching point to strengthen Libya's health services provision capacity, particularly during this time of transition when opportunities may become available to move in new directions. The approach and findings may have wider application to other countries who are similarly experiencing civil and political turmoil.
Attentional and meta‐cognitive processes underlying mind wandering episodes during continuous naturalistic reading are associated with specific changes in eye behavior
Authors: Oyarzo Pablo , D. Preiss David , Cosmelli Diego 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough eye movements during reading have been studied extensively, their variation due to attentional fluctuations such as spontaneous distractions is not well understood. Here we used a naturalistic reading task combined with an attentional sampling method to examine the effects of mind wandering—and the subsequent metacognitive awareness of its occurrence—on eye movements and pupillary dynamics. Our goal was to better understand the attentional and metacognitive processes involved in the initiation and termination of mind wandering episodes. Our results show that changes in eye behavior are consistent with underlying independent cognitive mechanisms working in tandem to sustain the attentional resources required for focused reading. In addition to changes in blink frequency, blink duration, and the number of saccades, variations in eye movements during unaware distractions point to a loss of the perceptual asymmetry that is usually observed in attentive, left‐to‐right reading. Also, before self‐detected distractions, we observed a specific increase in pupillary diameter, indicating the likely presence of an anticipatory autonomic process that could contribute to becoming aware of the current attentional state. These findings stress the need for further research tackling the temporal structure of attentional dynamics during tasks that have a significant real‐world impact.
fMRI replicability during emotional scene viewing: Functional regions and sample size
Authors: Sambuco Nicola 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent findings have questioned the replicability of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the study of affective processing, reporting low replicability of emotional enhancement during a face‐matching task. However, poor replicability may instead reflect a lack of emotional engagement for face matching. In the current study, replicability of emotional enhancement was tested in a large (N = 160) sample when emotional engagement was assessed during pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant picture viewing, which reliably engages affective reactions in both the brain and the body. Replicability was computed using a subsampling technique, in which random sets of subjects of different sample sizes (N = 20, 40, 60, 80) were selected from the entire dataset, and replicability of emotional enhancement for peaks, clusters, and voxels were averaged across 500 permutations for each sample size. Consistent with previous findings, fMRI replicability increased with increasing sample size. On the other hand, even with relatively small samples, fMRI replicability for peaks, clusters, and voxels during emotional, compared to neutral, scene viewing was good to excellent. Importantly, replicability varied in different brain regions, with excellent replicability at both the cluster and peak level with an N of 40, at the most conservative threshold (p < .001), in the amygdala and the visual cortex. The data argue against general recommendations regarding sample size in fMRI studies of emotion, suggesting instead that degree of replicability depends on successful emotional engagement in task‐related brain regions.
Judgment of Volunteer Competence among Service Professionals: Stereotypes or Skills?
Authors: Jensen Ulrich Thy , Thomsen Mette Kjærgaard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile public service professionals may rely on stereotypes and social categories in exercising who gets what, when and how in clientelist citizen‐state interactions, it remains unclear whether negative judgments similarly pervade in settings where citizens help produce–rather than consume–public services. We propose that service professionals judge volunteers as incompetent based on (1) a lack of the skills necessary to solve specific tasks, and/or (2) negative stereotypes toward volunteers as a means of shielding the privileged position of the profession or safeguarding the quality of services. Using an experiment among 817 nursing home professionals, negative judgments of volunteer competence were invoked simply by priming professionals to think of citizens volunteering in service production. The effect, however, is not conditional on the type of task (complementary vs. core) solved by volunteers, suggesting that judgments of competence mainly stem from stereotypes of volunteer (in)competence in assisting with service production.
Anchored phylogenomics and a revised classification of the planidial larva clade of jewel wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
Authors: Zhang Junxia , Heraty John M. , Darling Christopher , Kresslein Robert L. , Baker Austin J. , Torréns Javier , Rasplus Jean‐Yves , Lemmon Alan , Moriarty Lemmon Emily 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlanidia are free‐living, mobile first‐instar larvae that are notable in their ability to transition across different larval stages of their host, and for completing their development on the host prepupa as ectoparasitoids, effectively acting as larval‐pupal external koinobionts. Chalcidoid taxa with a planidium form a monophyletic group, the planidial larva clade (PLC). We conducted a phylogenomic study of the PLC using anchored hybrid enrichment data. Phylogenetic analyses support the backbone relationship of PLC as: (Eutrichosomatinae, ((Philomidinae, Chrysolampinae), (Perilampinae, Eucharitidae))). Although excluded from the main analyses, the genus Jambiya, based on only 11 loci recovered, was placed as the sister of Chrysolampinae + Philomidinae or Perilampinae + Eucharitidae. Our results demonstrate that Perilampidae (Philomidinae, Chrysolampinae and Perilampinae) are paraphyletic. Divergence dating based on four node calibrations based on fossils suggests that the PLC arose approximately 111 Ma and the evolution of ant parasitism at least 64 Ma. Host associations, direct versus indirect hyperparasitism, ability to attack a host within a cocoon, soft versus hard planidial forms and mobility of the planidium were explored using a likelihood‐based ancestral state reconstruction method. A revised higher‐level classification of the PLC is proposed, with Eutrichosomatinae elevated to Eutrichosomatidae (stat. rev.), Chrysolampinae and Philomidinae placed in Chrysolampidae (stat. rev.), Perilampidae (stat. rev.) restricted to what was referred to as Perilampinae, and Eucharitidae maintained with four subfamilies, with Akapalinae (unknown biology) as sister group to the core Eucharitidae, all of which are ant parasitoids. Jambiya is treated as an incertae sedis taxon within the planidial clade.
QuantiFERON‐cytomegalovirus to predict clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Thompson Grace , Boan Peter , Purtill Duncan , Cooney Julian , Cannell Paul , Wright Matthew , John Mina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundControlling cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection through prophylaxis or pre‐emptive therapy remains an important contributor to outcomes after allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplant (alloHCT). Predicting clinically significant CMV infection (csCMVi) after day 100 remains a challenge.MethodsWe examined the abilty of the QuantiFERON‐CMV assay (QFN‐CMV) at day 100 (d100) and day 150 (d150) after alloHCT to predict csCMVi after these time points, with median follow‐up of 3.1 years (range 1.3–4.3 years).ResultsIn 46 transplants (donor seropositive (D+) recipient seronegative (R‐) = 12, D+R+ = 25, D‐R+ = 9; matched related = 13, unrelated donor = 32, haploidentical = 1), for the prediction of freedom from csCMVi >d100, QFN‐CMVd100 (positive compared to negative/indeterminate) had sensitivity 62% (23/37), specificity 100% (9/9), positive predictive value 100% (23/23), and negative predictive value 39% (9/23). For the prediction of freedom from csCMVi >d150, QFN‐CMVd150 (positive compared to negative/indeterminate) had sensitivity 62% (18/29), specificity 83% (5/6), positive predictive value 95% (18/19), and negative predictive value 31% (5/16).ConclusionPositive QFN‐CMV at d100 and d150 strongly predicted freedom from csCMVi after these time points. QFN‐CMV could be utilized to predict the need for pre‐emptive therapy and CMV viral load monitoring after day 100 post‐alloHCT.
ERGIC2 and ERGIC3 regulate the ER‐to‐Golgi transport of gap junction proteins in metazoans
Authors: Guan Liying , Yang Yongzhi , Liang Jingjing , Miao Yue , Shang Angyang , Wang Baolei , Wang Yingchun , Ding Mei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe extremely dynamic life cycle of gap junction connections requires highly efficient intracellular trafficking system especially designed for gap junction proteins, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we identified that the COPII‐associated proteins ERGIC2 (ER‐Golgi intermediate compartment) and ERGIC3 are specifically required for the efficient intracellular transport of gap junction proteins in both Caenorhabditis elegans and mice. In the absence of Ergic2 or Ergic3, gap junction proteins accumulate in the ER and Golgi apparatus and the size of endogenous gap junction plaques is reduced. Knocking out the Ergic2 or Ergic3 in mice results in heart enlargement and cardiac malfunction accompanied by reduced number and size of connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junctions. Invertebrates' gap junction protein innexins share no sequence similarity with vertebrates' connexins. However, ERGIC2 and ERGIC3 could bind to gap junction proteins in both worms and mice. Characterization of the highly specialized roles of ERGIC2 and ERGIC3 in metazoans reveals how the early secretory pathway could be adapted to facilitate the efficient transport for gap junction proteins in vivo.
Time from apheresis platelet donation to cold storage: Evaluation of platelet quality and bacterial growth
Authors: Brown Bethany L. , Wagner Stephen J. , Hapip C. Anne , Fischer Erin , Getz Todd M. , Thompson‐Montgomery Dedeene , Turgeon Annette 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCold storage reduces posttransfusion survival of platelets; however, it can improve platelet activation, lower risk of bacterial contamination, and extend shelf‐life compared to room temperature (RT) storage. To facilitate large‐scale availability, manufacturing process optimization is needed, including understanding the impact of variables on platelet potency and safety. Short time requirements from collection to storage is challenging for large blood centers to complete resuspension and qualify platelets for production. This study evaluated the impact of time from platelet component collection to cold storage on in vitro properties and bacterial growth.Study design and methodsDouble‐apheresis platelet components were collected from healthy donors, suspended in 65% PAS‐III/35% plasma, and split into 2 equal units. One unit was placed into cold storage within 2 h and the other unit after 8 h. Eight matched pairs were evaluated for 12 in vitro parameters. Twenty‐four matched pairs were evaluated with 8 bacterial strains tested in triplicate. Samples were tested throughout 21 days of storage.ResultsIn vitro properties were not different between 2 and 8 h units, and trends throughout storage were similar between arms. Time to cold storage did not significantly impact bacterial growth, with <1 log10 difference at all timepoints between units.DiscussionOur studies showed that extending time to cold storage from 2 to 8 h from collection did not significantly increase the bacterial growth, and the platelet component quality and function is maintained. The ability to extend the time required from collection to storage will improve blood center logistics to feasibly produce CSPs.
Development and implementation of a hemovigilance program at a university veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Haines Jillian M. , Ngwenyama Thandeka R. , Martin Linda G. , Wardrop K. Jane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the development and implementation of a small animal hemovigilance program at a university veterinary teaching hospital.DesignRetrospective observational descriptive study performed between October 2014 and March 2019.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsDogs and cats receiving blood product transfusions .InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main Results A hemovigilance working group composed of veterinary specialists in clinical pathology, internal medicine, and emergency and critical care was established. This group developed evidence‐based definitions of transfusion reactions, reaction classification systems, and a transfusion reaction reporting form. The reporting form contained sections for patient information, transfusion information, administration details, and reaction details. Reaction events were classified by reaction type, severity grade, and imputability to the transfusion. Following implementation of the hemovigilance program, transfusion reaction data were collected and examined for the period spanning October 2014 and March 2019. During the study period, 718 canine transfusions (4 whole blood, 400 packed RBC [pRBC], 300 fresh frozen plasma [FFP], 7 platelet rich plasma, and 7 cryoprecipitate) and 124 feline transfusions (5 whole blood, 95 pRBC, and 24 FFP) were administered. There were 32 total reactions (27 canine and 5 feline), with the most common reaction being febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (19/32; 59%). The incidence rate of transfusion reactions was found to be 3.8% in dogs and 4.0% in cats. For the confirmed reactions, classification criteria for case definition, reaction severity grade, and imputability were able to be determined and recorded. This allowed targeted interventions to be implemented in order to potentially reduce future reactions.ConclusionsA hemovigilance program can be instituted successfully in a veterinary hospital setting and once developed, standardized reporting tools could be utilized by multiple hospitals and provide the basis for more widespread reaction reporting in veterinary medicine.
Retrospective evaluation of acute salbutamol (albuterol) exposure in dogs: 501 cases
Authors: Crouchley Joanna , Bates Nicola 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the common clinical signs, with onset and duration, treatments given, and outcome in dogs with acute, accidental exposure to salbutamol.DesignRetrospective study.AnimalsFive hundred and one canine cases reported to the UK's Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS).Measurements and Main ResultsA review of all records in the VPIS database for dogs exposed to salbutamol was carried out. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the records of 501 dogs were further analyzed. The most common clinical signs were tachycardia (80.6%), tachypnea (32.9%), depression (21.0%), and vomiting (19.2%). The dose was unknown in most cases as the dogs typically pierced a salbutamol inhaler. The blood potassium concentration was measured in at least 142 dogs and hypokalemia was reported in 21.2% (106/501), 18 (17%) of which had associated weakness, twitching, or collapse. Three dogs had paralysis probably as a result of hypokalemia, although no potassium concentration was reported in these cases. Arrhythmias occurred in 17 dogs (3.4%), and 7 required pharmacological intervention. There were no reports of persistent cardiac injury or thermal injury from the compressed gas present in some salbutamol products. Signs were rapid in onset, generally within 1–3 h, and, where time to outcome was recorded (n = 172), 78% of dogs recovered within 24 h. Of the 501 dogs, no treatment was required in 27.9%. Beta‐blockers were used in 39.5%, intravenous fluids in 28.7%, and potassium supplementation in 15.8%. Overall, 30 dogs remained asymptomatic (6.0%), 469 recovered (93.6%), and 2 dogs (0.4%) died.ConclusionsMost dogs exposed to salbutamol rapidly develop clinical signs; these were commonly increased heart and respiration rates. Hypokalemia and arrhythmias (particularly ventricular arrhythmias) are potential complications. Any dog that chews a salbutamol inhaler should be assessed promptly for signs of toxicosis. Prognosis in dogs with acute salbutamol exposure is good, but more guarded in those with severe tachycardia and at risk of cardiac injury.