bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-cultural differences in consumers' attention to food labels
Authors: Ho Kenneth Fu Xian , Liu Fang , Tarabashkina Liudmila , Volery Thierry 
Published: March 2022

PurposeExtended from Hofstede’s cultural framework, this study investigated the differences between the Australian (representing the Western culture) and Chinese (representing the Eastern Culture) consumers in regard to their attention paid to product attribute cues presented on food labels and the degree of such attention controlling for an individual-level moderator of product involvement.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using face-to-face interviews with semi-structured questionnaires for both Australian and Chinese samples. The questionnaire data were analysed using factorial between-groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) to investigate the influence of culture and product involvement on the attention paid/degree of attention to product nature-related (e.g. brand name), product assurance-related (e.g. country-of-origin) and health-related attribute (e.g. nutritional panel) cues.FindingsThe findings revealed that Chinese consumers, as compared to Australian consumers, paid attention to more product-assurance cues (i.e. country of origin) and health-related cues (i.e. bioactivity indicators). The degrees of attention to these cues were also greater among Chinese consumers than for Australian consumers. Product involvement moderated the relationship between culture and attention towards product nature and product assurance-related cues.Practical implicationsResults from this study enable exporters to customize their labelling design by strategically including label information that is more salient to certain export markets.Originality/valueThis study offers a novel insight into the impact of culture on consumers’ attention to food product attributes and the interaction effects of product involvement on these relationships, hitherto underexplored.
Comparative impacts of long‐term trends in snowmelt and species interactions on plant population dynamics
Authors: Campbell Diane R. , Price Mary V. , Waser Nickolas M. , Irwin Rebecca E. , Brody Alison K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Climate change can impact plant fitness and population persistence directly through changing abiotic conditions and indirectly through its effects on species interactions. Pollination and seed predation are important biotic interactions that can impact plant fitness, but their impact on population growth rates relative to the role of direct climatic effects is unknown.

We combined 13 years of experiments on pollen limitation of seed set and pre‐dispersal seed predation in Ipomopsis aggregata, a subalpine wildflower, with a long‐term demographic study that has documented declining population growth with earlier spring snowmelt date. We determined how pollen limitation and seed predation changed with snowmelt date over 21 years and incorporated those effects into an integral projection model to assess relative impacts of biotic factors on population growth.

Both pollen limitation and the difference in stigma pollen load between pollen‐supplemented and control plants declined over years. Neither pollen limitation nor seed predation changed detectably with snowmelt date, suggesting an absence of indirect effects of that specific abiotic factor on these indices of biotic interactions. The projected biotic impacts of pollen limitation and seed predation on population growth rate were small compared to factors associated with snowmelt date. Providing full pollination would delay the projected date when earlier snowmelt will cause populations to fall below replacement by only 14 years.

Synthesis. Full pollination and elimination of seed predation would not compensate for the strong detrimental effects of early snowmelt on population growth rate, which in I. aggregata appears driven largely by abiotic environmental factors. The reduction over two decades in pollen limitation also suggests that natural selection on floral traits may weaken with continued climate change. These results highlight the value of studying both abiotic factors and biotic interactions to understand how climate change will influence plant populations.
The use of photos to investigate ecological change
Authors: Depauw Leen , Blondeel Haben , De Lombaerde Emiel , De Pauw Karen , Landuyt Dries , Lorer Eline , Vangansbeke Pieter , Vanneste Thomas , Verheyen Kris , De Frenne Pieter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Global change is causing ecosystems to change at unprecedented rates and the urgency to quantify ecological change is high. We therefore need all possible sources of ecological data to address key knowledge gaps.

Ground‐based photos are a form of remote sensing and an unconventional data source with a high potential to improve our understanding of ecological change. They can provide invaluable information on ecological conditions in the past and present at relevant spatiotemporal scales that is very difficult to obtain with other approaches.

Here we review the use of ground‐based photos in a set of relevant ecological research topics, such as biodiversity and community ecology, phenology, global change ecology and landscape ecology. We highlight three main photo‐based methods in ecological research (repeat photography, time‐lapse photography and public archives), alongside which we discuss three case studies to demonstrate novel applications of these methods, to answer fundamental ecological questions.

Synthesis. Photos can significantly support ecological research to improve our understanding of biotic responses in a rapidly changing world. Photos cover relatively large temporal and spatial scales, and can provide large amounts of information with limited time investment. To exploit their full potential, we need to invest not only in technological advances to compile, process and analyse images but also in proper data management.
Dialectal Layers in West Iranian: A Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Approach to Linguistic Relationships1
Authors: Cathcart Chundra A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses a series of complex and unresolved issues in the historical phonology of West Iranian languages, (Persian, Kurdish, Balochi, and other languages), which display a high degree of irregular, non‐Lautgesetzlich behaviour. Most of this irregularity is undoubtedly due to language contact; I argue, however, that an oversimplified view of the processes at work has prevailed in the literature on West Iranian dialectology, with specialists assuming that deviations from an expected outcome in a given non‐Persian language are due to lexical borrowing from some chronological stage of Persian. It is demonstrated that this qualitative approach yields at times problematic conclusions stemming from the lack of explicit probabilistic inferences regarding the distribution of the data: Persian may not be the sole donor language; additionally, borrowing at the lexical level is not always the mechanism that introduces irregularity. In many cases, the possibility that West Iranian languages show different reflexes in different conditioning environments remains under‐explored. I employ a novel Bayesian approach designed to overcome these problems and tease apart the different determinants of irregularity in patterns of West Iranian sound change. This methodology helps to provisionally resolve a number of outstanding questions in the literature on West Iranian dialectology concerning the dialectal affiliation of certain sound changes. I outline future directions for work of this sort.
Screening for late‐onset gestational diabetes: Are there any clinical benefits?
Authors: Cauldwell Matthew , Chmielewska Basia , Kaur Kiran , van‐de‐l'Isle Yolande , Sherry Anneka , Watt Coote Ingrid , Steer Philip J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the third trimester and managing those who are screen positive on a diabetes pathway affects obstetric and neonatal outcomes.DesignRetrospective study of prospectively collected data.SettingLondon Teaching Hospital.Population or sampleA total of 14 366 women delivering between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2020.MethodsRetrospective chart analysis.Main outcome measuresDiagnosis of late‐onset GDM, obstetric and neonatal outcomes.ResultsFive hundred and thirty‐one women were tested by home glucose monitoring for late‐onset GDM from 33 weeks of gestation. In all, 244 were diagnosed as having GDM (group 1) and managed accordingly, and 287 (group 2) were returned to normal care. A total of 1415 women had GDM diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test before 33 weeks of gestation (group 3). Of the women in group 2, 49.5% had a spontaneous onset of labour compared with only 25.8% and 27% in groups 1 and 3. However, women in group 2 were significantly more likely to have a macrosomic baby (≥4000 g, 25.4%) than groups 1 (16.0%) or 3 (7.2%), and their babies were more likely to be admitted to special care (5.2% versus 2% in group 1). Macrosomic babies were associated with significantly higher rates of shoulder dystocia, third‐ and fourth‐degree tears and postpartum haemorrhage.ConclusionsApparent late‐onset GDM affects a significant proportion of women, and targeted intervention was associated with better obstetric and neonatal outcomes. These results suggest that all pregnancies with risk factors for late‐onset GDM might benefit from active GDM management irrespective of specific glucose thresholds.Tweetable abstractWomen with risk factors for GDM in the third trimester, and their babies, would probably benefit from active management of their blood sugars irrespective of threshold values.
Speeding up the detection of invasive bivalve species using environmental DNA: A Nanopore and Illumina sequencing comparison
Authors: Egeter Bastian , Veríssimo Joana , Lopes‐Lima Manuel , Chaves Cátia , Pinto Joana , Riccardi Nicoletta , Beja Pedro , Fonseca Nuno A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraditional detection of aquatic invasive species via morphological identification is often time‐consuming and can require a high level of taxonomic expertise, leading to delayed mitigation responses. Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection approaches of multiple species using Illumina‐based sequencing technology have been used to overcome these hindrances, but sample processing is often lengthy. More recently, portable nanopore sequencing technology has become available, which has the potential to make molecular detection of invasive species more widely accessible and substantially decrease sample turnaround times. However, nanopore‐sequenced reads have a much higher error rate than those produced by Illumina platforms, which has so far hindered the adoption of this technology. We provide a detailed laboratory protocol and bioinformatic tools (msi package) to increase the reliability of nanopore sequencing to detect invasive species, and we test its application using invasive bivalves while comparing it with Illumina‐based sequencing. We sampled water from sites with pre‐existing bivalve occurrence and abundance data, and contrasting bivalve communities, in Italy and Portugal. Samples were extracted, amplified, and sequenced by the two platforms. The mean agreement between sequencing methods was 69% and the difference between methods was nonsignificant. The lack of detections of some species at some sites could be explained by their known low abundances. This is the first reported use of MinION to detect aquatic invasive species from eDNA samples.
Taking Systems Thinking to the Global Level: Using the WHO Building Blocks to Describe and Appraise the Global Health System in Relation to COVID‐19
Authors: Borghi Josephine , Brown Garrett W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdequately preparing for and containing global shocks, such as COVID‐19, is a key challenge facing health systems globally. COVID‐19 highlights that health systems are multilevel systems, a continuum from local to global. Goals and monitoring indicators have been key to strengthening national health systems but are missing at the supranational level. A framework to strengthen the global system—the global health actors and the governance, finance, and delivery arrangements within which they operate—is urgently needed. In this article, we illustrate how the World Health Organization Building Blocks framework, which has been used to monitor the performance of national health systems, can be applied to describe and appraise the global health system and its response to COVID‐19, and identify potential reforms. Key weaknesses in the global response included: fragmented and voluntary financing; non‐transparent pricing of medicines and supplies, poor quality standards, and inequities in procurement and distribution; and weak leadership and governance. We also identify positive achievements and identify potential reforms of the global health system for greater resilience to future shocks. We discuss the limitations of the Building Blocks framework and future research directions and reflect on political economy challenges to reform.
Drivers of professional fulfillment and burnout among emergency medicine faculty: A national wellness survey by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Authors: Lu Dave W. , Lee Justin , Alvarez Alai , Sakamoto Jeffrey T. , Bird Steven B. , Sundaram Vandana , Lall Michelle D. , Nordenholz Kristen E. , Manfredi Rita A. , Blomkalns Andra L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundProfessional fulfillment and the mitigation of burnout can enhance clinician well‐being and the resiliency of the health care organization. This study examined the extent to which specific individual and workplace factors are associated with professional fulfillment and burnout among a national sample of academic emergency physicians.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey of faculty members of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. Primary outcomes were professional fulfillment and burnout. The survey also examined individual and workplace factors as well as faculty's thoughts of attrition from academic and clinical medicine. Logistic regression was performed to determine the relationships between each outcome and each factor, respectively.ResultsA total of 771 of 3130 faculty completed the survey (response rate 24.6%). A total of 38.7% reported professional fulfillment and 39.1% reported burnout. Meaningfulness of work (odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–2.5), perceived appreciation (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.7–2.1), and the academic work environment (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5–1.9) had the highest odds of being associated with professional fulfillment. In contrast, low score responses for meaningfulness of work (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5–0.6), self‐compassion (0.6, 95% CI 0.5–0.6), and control over schedule (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6–0.7) were most associated with burnout. Faculty with professional fulfillment were less likely to report plans for attrition from academics (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.1–0.2) and from clinical medicine (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.4). Faculty with burnout were more likely to report plans for attrition from academics (OR 7, 95% CI 4.8–10.4) and clinical medicine (OR 5.7, 95% CI 3.9–8.6).ConclusionsIndividual and workplace factors that contributed to professional fulfillment and burnout were identified, with meaningfulness of clinical work demonstrating the strongest association with both occupational phenomena. Knowledge of which factors are most impactful in promoting professional fulfillment and mitigating burnout may be useful in guiding efforts to enhance clinician well‐being.
Microsite abiotic conditions and juvenile response under three early successional shrub/tree species in a SEMI‐ARID region
Authors: Sales Lucas Diego , Pereira de Oliveira Dayana Maria , Soares Arlete Aparecida , Churka Blum Susana , Sgobaro Zanette Lorenzo Roberto , Boscaini Zandavalli Roberta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn environments with water and nutrient constraints, some early successional shrub/tree species may promote facilitation by ameliorating the microclimate and increasing resource availability. We ask whether early successional semi‐arid shrub/tree species have facilitation effects for other woody species and if they do, which mechanisms are involved and how they affect the water status of juvenile plants. Three early successional woody species; Combretum leprosum, Cenostigma bracteosum and Mimosa tenuiflora, were chosen for investigation. The richness of regenerating woody species and their leaf water potential were used as response variables, while air and soil temperature, leaf area index, humidity and soil attributes were used as explanatory environmental variables. Species growing under the canopy of C. leprosum had better water status and growth at higher soil moisture and lower thermal and solar radiation stress, receiving a facilitative effect. The lower leaf area index, higher radiation and more negative soil water content under the canopy of C. bracteosum in comparison to C. leprosum may have a small negative effect on species richness. M. tenuiflora did not reduce environmental stress, and the species associated with it had low water potential, thus no increase in species richness was detected under its canopy. C. leprosum and C. bracteosum improve the environmental conditions under their canopies and provide favourable microsites for the establishment of other species. The positive effects may be generated by functional traits that modify microclimatic characteristics under the nurse species' canopy and lead to a higher water status of the juveniles growing under it.
Shorebirds adjust resting orientation in response to solar radiation and wind speed
Authors: Cestari César , de Melo Celine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnimals may signal behavioural responses to climate stressors. To date, there has been no study investigating the altered behaviour of birds due to the synergetic effects of wind, solar radiation and ambient temperature in natural environments. We analysed the body orientation of three close‐related Charadriiformes species with different body masses in response to wind speed, wind direction, sun position and ambient temperature on beaches in south‐eastern Brazil. We expected these birds to adjust their postures according to the intensity of climate stressors and their different body masses. We found that regardless of body mass, resting birds faced the wind according to its speed and reduced their surface area exposed to airflow. They also exhibited a perpendicular orientation to the sun in lower ambient temperatures, which correlated with higher wind speeds. The behavioural adjustments of resting birds to concomitant climate stressors may prevent body destabilization and promote thermoregulation and energy savings.
Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 promotes necroptosis in trophoblast cells through activation of dynamin‐related protein 1 in early‐onset preeclampsia
Authors: Zhang Jiejie , Huang Jingrui , Lin Xinxiu , Fei Kuilin , Xie Yingming , Peng Qiaozhen , Li Xun , Xie Liangqun , Dai Lei , Zhang Weishe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesPlacentae from patients with preeclampsia have increased susceptibility to necroptosis and phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) plays a role in many necrosis pathways. We determined whether PGAM5 promotes necroptosis of trophoblast cells and the underlying mechanisms in this study.MethodsThe injury model was established by treating JEG3 cells with hypoxia for 24 h. The functional measurements were assessed by the cell counting kit‐8, propidium iodide (PI)/Annexin V staining, JC‐1 staining and firefly luciferase ATP assay. The expression of proteins in human placentae and JEG3 cells was measured Western blot. PGAM5 was knocked down to study its role in hypoxia‐induced necroptosis.ResultsThe placentae from patients with preeclampsia showed up‐regulation of PGAM5 and decreased levels of p‐Drp1‐S637, accompanied by increased necroptosis‐relevant proteins expression. The expression of PGAM5 in JEG3 cells was up‐regulated under hypoxia, which promoted dephosphorylation of Drp1 at Serine 637 residue, mitochondrial dysfunction (elevated ROS level and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content) and cellular necroptosis (increased PI+/Annexin V+ cells and decreased cell viability), accompanied by increased expression of necroptosis‐relevant proteins; knockdown of PGAM5 attenuated these phenomena.ConclusionsOur results indicate that PGAM5 can promote necroptosis in trophoblast cells through, at least in part, activation of Drp1. It may be used as a new therapeutic target to prevent trophoblast dysfunction in preeclampsia.
Is “thank you” effective even in Japan where “sorry” may be preferred? Toward extending the Find‐Remind‐and‐Bind theory
Authors: Imai Tatsuya 
Published: March 2022

The core idea of the find‐remind‐and‐bind theory articulated by (Algoe, 2012, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6, 455) is that receiving expressed gratitude facilitates positive attitudes toward the expressor such as increased prosocial behaviour. The current study tries to observe the phenomena in Japan where apologies are sometimes used when people express gratitude. In this experimental study, 671 Japanese participants received expressions of gratitude, apologies, both, or neither (control condition) in exchange for their help. The results showed that expressed gratitude had the most positive effect compared to the control, apology and both conditions; that is, expressed gratitude most strongly facilitated the message receiver's prosocial behaviour, self‐disclosure, predicted outcome values, and social worth. Expressed apologies showed a limited positive effect. A structural equation model further indicated that predicted outcome values and social worth functioned in unique ways to mediate the link between expressed gratitude and prosocial behaviour as well as self‐disclosure.
Adamgammadex in patients to reverse a moderate rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular block
Authors: Jiang Ying Ying , Zhang Yu Jun , Zhu Zhao Qiong , Huang Yi Dan , Zhou Da Chun , Liu Jing Chen , Li Chao Yu , Liu Jin , Liu Bin , Zhang Wen Sheng 
Published: March 2022

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness, safety and pharmacokinetics of adamgammadex in surgical patients.MethodsForty‐eight patients aged 18–64 years old were randomized to receive adamgammadex (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg.kg−1) or placebo at a ratio of 10:2 for reversal of 0.6 mg.kg−1 rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular block. Neuromuscular function was monitored by TOF‐Watch® SX. When the T2 of train‐of‐four (TOF) reappeared at the end of surgery, patients received an intravenous administration of adamgammadex or placebo.ResultsThe recovery time of the TOF ratio to 0.9 decreased significantly from 39.3 [29.5, 50.2] minutes in the group that received placebo to 3.0 [2.3, 3.9] minutes, P < .0001; 2.1 [1.5, 3.0] minutes, P < .0001; 2.1 [1.8, 3.3] minutes, P < .0001; and 1.8 [1.5, 2.2] minutes, P < .0001 in the 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg.kg−1 adamgammadex groups, respectively. Then, adamgammadex also showed a shortened recovery time for the TOF ratio recovered to 0.8 and 0.7. Adamgammadex was well tolerated, and no cases of anaphylactic reactions, post‐operative bleeding, recurarization, abnormal basic vital signs and prolonged QT intervals were observed. The pharmacokinetics of adamgammadex in plasma increased in dose‐dependent manner. The 24‐hour cumulative fraction of adamgammadex in urine was 65–83%, and that of rocuronium was increased after using adamgammadex from 15% to about 25–30%.ConclusionAdamgammadex was found to be effective for reversal of rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular block, and it was safe and well tolerated in patients.