bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of Osteoporosis among General Population in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Mula Abdullah , Khan Abdul Sattar 
Published: January 2022

Background: Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that if not detected and treated early, it can lead to serious complications. It is a silent disease because the patient is usually asymptomatic; therefore, perception of this disease is very important.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate osteoporosis perception among general population in eastern province, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online self-administered questionnaire. A modified questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire assessed the understanding of symptoms, risk factors, preventive factors, and treatment availability of osteoporosis. The study included all people in eastern province, Saudi Arabia. The sample size was 391. It was conducted from September 2018 to May 2021.
Results: 61.6% of 391 participants questioned did not have a good perception of osteoporosis. There was a variability in the correct response rate, which indicates the presence of gaps in some aspects of osteoporosis perception more than the others do. The cut-off score was 50%.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, people in eastern province, Saudi Arabia have poor perception of osteoporosis. Therefore, efforts should be made to establish educational campaigns and use the new technologies in order to raise osteoporosis perception.
Case Report on Cellulitis
Authors: Ughade Minal , Sakharwade Prerana , Kumari Darshana , Taksande Archana , Sakharkar Sheetal , Tembhare Vaishali , Ankar Ruchira , Sawarkar Achita 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cellulitis is a bacterial infection that causes an inflammatory condition of the skin that affects the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. 2016 (Lee and Levell). Cellulitis of the lower limbs is a potentially dangerous condition (Halpern et al, 2008). Rubor or erythema, which is warm to the touch and often combined with a degree of localised oedema, is the most common symptom. However, because diagnosis is dependent exclusively on clinical data, it is commonly misdiagnosed [1]. There are a number of different illnesses that have symptoms that are similar to cellulitis. The purpose of this page is to provide information on the clinical symptoms of lower limb cellulitis as well as treatment options ensuring that practitioners are capable of making an accurate diagnosis and developing successful treatment programmes [2].
Clinical Findings: Fever, pain over right lower leg, wound present right dorsal foot, weariness, malaise, and swelling were the patient’s main complaints.
Diagnostic Evaluation: Haemoglobin 14.7%,total RBC count 4.77, total WBC count 16100, platelet count 1.56, KFT – UREA -57 CREATININE -2.0 potassium- 4.6, LFT ALKALINE PHOSPHATE -105, ALBUMIN3- 0 TOTAL BILIRUBIN- 1.4 micro report is normal. His liver function and coagulation studies were normal. A diagnostic work-up that includes blood cultures, dengue, malaria smear, typhoid, and other tests. The following tests were sent: leptospirosis, monospot and stool investigations, and Clostridium difficile PCR [3].
Therapeutic Intervention: Four primary analgesic drugs, antibiotics drug in penicillin.
Conclusion: My patient, a 65-year-old man, was hospitalised to the Hospital's medicine ward on June12, 2021.Fever, pain over right lower leg, wound present right dorsal foot, fatigue, malaise, and edema were among the symptoms that the patient had. His health improved when he received appropriate treatment. The patient was follow up after 1 weak [4].
Ex vivo Antimicrobial Evaluation of Different Drugs Using RT-PCR Test
Authors: Hitesh Gupta , Manpreet Arora , Abhiney Puri , Mamta Singla 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Various medicaments are used in conjugation with mechanical cleaning and shaping to render root canals free of microbes. The different medicaments used tend to react among themselves sometimes resulting in deleterious products. For this reason use of alternative medicine, therapy is advocated.
Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial extent of different homeopathic drugs in comparison to the Ayurvedic and Allopathic medicines.
Materials and Methods: A biofilm model of 8 mm dentine discs was prepared from single-rooted teeth, which were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. 100 samples were divided into six groups Group I: Saline (negative Control), Group II: 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Group III: Propolis, Group IV: RHUS Glabra, Group V: Zincum Oxydatum. The infected biofilm was then treated with the medicaments for seven days followed by testing to obtain threshold cycle (Ct) values using the Real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. DNA isolation was carried out and amplification was done using 16S rRNA gene sequence-based nested species-specific primers. DNA denaturation was done using DNA Thermocycler and a threshold cycle was obtained using Real-time Polymerize chain reaction technique.
Results: The threshold cycle (Ct) values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis that revealed a significant difference between the groups and among all 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate, being the highest (30.3460±0.02505) followed by Propolis (30.1365±0.02621) then RHUS Glabra (30.0865±0.02581) better than Zincum Oxydatum (29.8070±0.02319) and least being Saline (29.6380±0.02505).
Conclusion: All the homeopathic medicines showed antimicrobial properties comparable to the allopathic and ayurvedic drugs. Among RHUS Glabra and Zincum Oxydatum, RHUS Glabra performed significantly better.
The use of Ophthalmic Dorzolamide in Al-Kharj
Authors: Ahmad Nehad J. , Salkini Mohamad Ayman 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The present study was to explore the use of ophthalmic dorzolamide in Al-Kharj.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study that includes reviewing the electronic prescriptions of ophthalmic dorzolamide among outpatients in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Results: Only 24 patients received ophthalmic dorzolamide during the study. The age of more than 54% of the patients was more than 59 years and more than 54% of them were males. More than 54% of the patients received ophthalmic dorzolamide for 2 months and 37.50% of them received ophthalmic dorzolamide for 3 months. All of the prescriptions were prescribed by ophthalmology department and more than 95% of the prescriptions were written by residents.
Conclusion: The present study showed that ophthalmic dorzolamide was uncommonly prescribed in Al-Kharj. Further studies are needed to explore the frequency of using dorzolamide in other settings and to explore the frequency of using other eye drops that are used to decrease intraocular pressure.
Determining the Role of Minerals and Trace Elements in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Wankhede Shivam , Jankar Jayshri 
Published: January 2022

Minerals and trace elements are micronutrients that are required for human health but are only available in trace amounts. Regardless, their organic chemistry roles are well established. Micronutrient deficiencies have been connected to a number of human health issues. This critique focuses on a handful of these mineral and chemical element shortages, as well as their effects on polygenic illness and internal secretion resistance. The degree of trace components varies substantially across entirely different populations depending on the food composition. Trace elements play a major role in many boy processes. Trace elements and minerals are required for a scope of natural synthetic responses, just as working as chemical and protein stabilizers and cofactors. Certain elements control fundamental organic cycles by restricting to the receptor locales of the semipermeable film or changing the state of the receptor to keep specific particles from entering the cell. Micronutrients have a dual role: they keep cell structures stable at ideal levels, however their inadequacy prompts different courses, which can prompt illness. These imperative micronutrients assume a significant part in human wellbeing and have an immediate relationship with Diabetes Mellitus. Here we have reviewed the role of copper [Cu], selenium [Se], and Zinc [Zn].
Case Report on Tricuspid Atresia
Authors: Jawanjal Himanshu , Pohekar Savita 
Published: January 2022

The absence of the tricuspid valve is one of the more unusual types of congenital heart illness. Before the introduction of heart surgery, it was only of scholarly interest, However, now that such conditions may be alleviated medically, the problem has taken on more significance, and every effort must be made to identify the anatomical weakness in cases of congenital cardiac disease.[1]
Clinical Findings: Cyanosis, feeding difficulties, cyanosis, shortness of breath and fast breathing, sluggish development, and a heart murmur are the most common symptoms.
Therapeutic Intervention: Tab .Lasix 40mg OD, dioxin drop0.5ml, Furoped drop 0.5 ml ,Syp A-2.5ML
Outcomes: After treatment, the patient shows improvement. His breathing difficulty and heart rate arebeing improved.
Conclusion: My child was admitted to the AVBRH's pediatric ICU with cyanosis of blurred vision and breathing difficulties. His condition has improved upon obtaining adequate therapy.
Overview on Small Intestinal Diverticulosis
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Salah , Saeed M. Alqahtani, Yazeed , Muidh J. Al Mutibah, Salma , Farag N. Alomrani, Nawaf , Mohammed O. Alshammari, Nasser , Obaid Ba Nafea, Bushra Abdulrahman , Ali H. Alaenzi, Yousef , Mansour M. Halawani, Omar , Hussain A. Alzahib, Ibrahim , Abdulrahman D. Almalki, Musab , Saad F. Albalawi, Faisal , Mushabab T. Alqahtani, Turki , Ali S. Alshehri, Mohammed , Owaidh R. Al Sharif, Abdullah , Matbouli Hadeel Majed A. 
Published: January 2022

Diverticulosis is a digestive system condition in which numerous sac-like protrusions form (diverticula). Diverticula in the small intestine are significantly less prevalent than diverticula in the colon. The aetiology of this illness is unknown. Peristalsis anomalies, intestinal dyskinesis, and high segmental intraluminal pressures are thought to cause it to develop. Small intestinal diverticula (SID) are incident is very low and rare, also they are usually asymptomatic. A nonspecific inflammatory condition might be the reason for the person's visit to the emergency room. In order to restrict the differential diagnosis and reveal a localized inflammatory lesion, ultrasound and computed tomography are frequently used. The objective of therapy is to reduce intestinal spasms, and the best way to do so is to consume a fiber-rich diet (vegetables, fruits, and cereals). Surgical treatment for diverticulosis is not required. Giant diverticula, on the other hand, need surgery since they are more prone to get infected and perforated. This review aims to overview the disease etiology, epidemiology, evaluation, and management.
Unconventional assemblies of bisacylhydrazones: The role of water for circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Cho Hye Jin , Jeong Dong Yeun , Moon Hwihyun , Kim Taewoo , Chung You Kyoung , Lee Yeongdong , Lee Zonghoon , Huh Joonsuk , You Youngmin , Song Changsik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the precise molecular arrangement of chiral supramolecular polymers is essential not only to comprehend complex superstructures like proteins and DNA but also for the development of next‐generation optoelectronic materials, including materials displaying high‐performance circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Herein, we report the first chiral supramolecular polymer systems based on hydrazone–pyridinium conjugates comprising alkyl chains of different lengths, which afforded control of the apparent supramolecular chirality. Although supramolecular chirality is governed basically by the remote chiral centers of alkyl chains, helicity inversion was achieved by controlling the conditions under which the hydrazone building blocks underwent aggregation (i.e., solvent compositions or temperature). More importantly, the addition of water to the system led to aggregation‐induced hydrazone deprotonation, which resulted in a completely different self‐assembly behavior. Structural water molecules played an essential role, forming the assembly's channel‐like backbone, around which hydrazone molecules gathered as a result of hydrogen bonding interactions. Further co‐assembly of an achiral hydrazone luminophore with the given supramolecular polymer system allowed the fabrication of a novel CPL‐active hydrazone‐based material exhibiting a high maximum value for the photoluminescence dissymmetry factor of −2.6 × 10−2.
Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Indoles and Anilines with Aryltrialkoxysilanes
Authors: Xie Qi , Zhang Xiuqi , Liu Huijin , Zhang Fukuan , Luo Xuzhong , Luo Haiqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein, we report an efficient copper‐catalyzed aerobic Chan‐Lam type N‐arylation of various indoles and anilines with structurally diverse aryltrialkoxysilanes under mild conditions. This silicon‐based protocol enables the efficient C−N cross‐coupling of indoles and anilines with user‐friendly organosilicon reagents by employing inexpensive and nontoxic Cu(OAc)2, which is efficient and practical without the addition of other ligands, bases, and metal oxidants. This transformation is compatible with a wide range of substrates, and typically proceeds with high efficiency as well as with good functional group compatibility. A plausible mechanism involving the formation of Cu(III) species in the reaction was tentatively proposed.
Effective Point‐of‐Use Filtration for Lead Removal
Authors: Kutzing Sandra , Rego Carol , Schoettle Tom , Adeem Kareem , Stewart Tiffany 
Published: January 2022

Key TakeawaysA point‐of‐use (POU) filter program helped the City of Newark, N.J., remove lead from the city's drinking water as a temporary measure while corrosion‐control treatment was applied and lead service lines were removed.Customer education and participation were crucial in the analysis of the POU filter program for lead removal at the tap.Use of faucet filters or pitcher filters (with appropriate maintenance), along with regular flushing, yielded superior lead reduction in Newark.
Is psychological distress associated with carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms and nerve conduction study findings? A case–control study from Syria
Authors: Alsharif Aya , Al Habbal Aya , Daaboul Yaman , Al Hawat Lama , Al Habbal Osama , Kakaje Ameer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist which causes severe symptoms. However, psychological aspects can affect patients' perception of this pain and can cause similar pain in some instances. This study aims to determine the association between symptoms severity, functional status, and nerve conduction studies (NCS) of adult patients with CTS and their anger, anxiety, and depression status.MethodsThis case–control study was conducted in clinics in Damascus, Syria. Controls were frequency matched by gender and age from a general clinic. Interviews based on questionnaires were used that included the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ‐A), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Dimensions of Anger Reactions Scale‐5 (DAR‐5), and NCS.ResultsOverall, 242 patients (121 cases) were included in this study. Cases with CTS had significantly higher anxiety and depression when compared to controls, but not higher anger. Cases with higher anxiety, depression, and anger had significantly more CTS symptoms and less functional status. Anxiety was also higher in cases with normal NCS in the case group. When using regression, anxiety and depression remained significantly associated with having CTS.ConclusionAnxiety and depression are more prominent with CTS. Furthermore, having anxiety and depression were associated with more CTS symptoms in the hand. Having anger was also associated with more CTS symptoms among cases. These findings emphasize the importance of psychological aspects when having hand pain or CTS symptoms as these patients might have these symptoms despite having normal NCS.
Development of a Thioredoxin‐Based Cofactor Regeneration System for NADPH‐Dependent Oxidoreductases
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Müller Beatrice , Kirkeby Tanja Ørtoft , Kara Selin , Loderer Christoph 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNicotinamide cofactor‐dependent oxidoreductases have become a valuable tool for the synthesis of high value chiral compounds. The feasibility of biocatalytic processes involving these enzymes stands and falls with the efficiency of the regeneration of cofactors. In this study, we describe a novel NADPH regeneration method based on the natural thioredoxin electron delivery system. Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and thioredoxin reductase (TR) from Thermus thermophilus were characterized for the dithiol‐dependent reduction of NADP+, revealing good catalytic activities and a particularly remarkable thermostability. The TR/Trx1 system was then coupled with two representative NADPH‐dependent oxidoreductases, alcohol dehydrogenase and cyclohexanone monooxygenase. Reaction conditions for both systems were optimized for reaction yield and selectivity. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the TR/Trx1‐system for its application as NADPH regeneration system.
Random Occupation of Multimetal Sites in Transition Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Boosting the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yao Yuechao , Ma Zhongtao , Dou Yibo , Lim Sung Yul , Zou Jizhao , Stamate Eugen , Jensen Jens Oluf , Zhang Wenjing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeveloping robust oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts with excellent performance is essential for the conversion of renewable electricity to clean fuel. Herein, we present a facile concept for the synthesis of efficient high‐entropy metal‐organic frameworks (HEMOFs) as electrocatalysts in a one‐step solvothermal synthesis. This strategy allows control of the microstructure and corresponding lattice distortion by tuning the metal ion composition. As a result, the OER activity was improved by optimizing the coordination environment of the metal catalytic center. The optimized Co‐rich HEMOFs exhibited a low overpotential of 310 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, better than a RuO2 catalyst tested under the same conditions. The finding of lattice distortion of the HEMOFs provides a new strategy for developing high‐performance electrocatalysts for energy conversion.
Reviewing clinical considerations and guideline recommendations of C1 inhibitor prophylaxis for hereditary angioedema
Authors: Anderson John , Maina Njeri 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHereditary angioedema (HAE), a rare disease that is characterized by painful and recurring non‐allergic swelling episodes, is caused by the deficiency or dysfunction of C1 inhibitor (C1INH) protein. A comprehensive HAE management plan may require long‐term prophylaxis (LTP) in addition to on‐demand treatment to help “normalize” patients' lives so that they may fully engage in work, school, family, and leisure activities.AimThe main objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of updated guideline recommendations specific to LTP of HAE and discuss clinical considerations and pharmacologic management options, with a focus on C1INH.Materials and MethodsThe authors reviewed relevant HAE literature for current recommendations regarding LTP and the role of C1NH.ResultsAcute HAE attacks are treated with on‐demand medication; however, there is a consensus that LTP should routinely be considered for risk reduction and prevention of future episodes. The 2017 World Allergy Organization/European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology guidelines recommend that all patients with HAE be evaluated for LTP routinely and the 2020 HAE Association (HAEA) guidelines emphasize that the decision to use LTP should not be based on rigid criteria, but rather should be based on individual patient needs. Both guidelines recommend C1INH as first‐line/preferred therapy for LTP in a range of patient types including adults, children/adolescents, and pregnant/lactating patients. The HAEA also recommends the kallikrein inhibitor, lanadelumab, as a first‐line option for LTP. HAE pathway‐specific agents for LTP have not been associated with notable safety concerns.DiscussionPlasma‐derived C1INH has been available for 40+ years in Europe and impacts multiple targets within the HAE pathway. C1INH has been used for on‐demand treatment and LTP. A subcutaneous formulation of plasma‐derived C1INH is approved for LTP and produces functional C1INH activity levels consistently above the threshold needed for protection from HAE attacks. Other pathway‐specific options for LTP include the plasma kallikrein inhibitors, lanadelumab‐flyo and berotralstat, approved for adults and pediatric patients aged ≥12 years. C1INH is approved for adults and pediatric patients aged ≥6 years.ConclusionAssessing the need for LTP is vital in the ongoing dialogue between clinicians and patients, as both disease‐related factors and patient preferences may change over time. Among available options for LTP, plasma‐derived C1INH is the broadly recommended first‐line option for LTP in patients with HAE, including pregnant/lactating women and pediatric patients (≥6 years).
MicroRNA‐144‐3p controls the apoptosis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension via the BMPR2/Smad4 signaling pathway
Authors: Shi Chao , Liu Xiaolei , Rahman Jalil Ur , Liu Ge , Jiang Yiyao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study was to determine the molecular mechanism of miR‐144‐3p in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).MethodsLuciferase assays detected the binding site of miR‐144‐3p. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measured the expression of downstream genes of Smad4 in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). Cell apoptosis was analysed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. In a monocrotaline‐induced rat PAH model, the integrity of PAECs was detected by hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. The protein expression of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2)/Smad4 signaling pathway was analysed by Western blotting.ResultsMiR‐144‐3p targeted Smad4 directly and down‐regulated the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA), Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and c‐myelocytomatosis (MYC) in PAECs. There was a significant change in the apoptosis of PAECs transfected with miR‐144‐3p. After transfection, the phosphorylation of Smad4 decreased only at 24 h. The integrity of PAECs was improved by miR‐144‐3p. There was a down‐regulation in BMPR2, Smad1/5 and p‐Smad1/5 in the PAH group. The fold change in Smad4 and p‐Smad4 expression decreased significantly in the PAH‐miR group. Moreover, we observed decreased α‐SMA, CTGF and c‐MYC expression and an up‐regulation of vascular endothelial (VE)‐cadherin.ConclusionsMiR‐144‐3p modulates apoptosis and phenotype switching of PAECs via phosphorylation of the BMPR2/Smad4 signaling pathway.