bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fiji Sugar Industry: Sustainability Challenges and the Way Forward
Authors: Dean Mohseen Riaz Ud 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the problems facing the sugar industry in Fiji. It expands on the difficulties of world trade and the macro- and micro-problems that affects the sugar industry sternly. It also discusses local challenges associated with sugarcane crop production and sugar manufacturing in the country. Additionally, it provides an overview of some of the specific issues directly facing smallholder sugarcane growers. This study is based on a customised mixed-methods research conducted in the year 2015 in the sugarcane-producing areas on the islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu in Fiji. The 33 farmers and members of their households in the study comprised both descendants of the Girmitiya community brought from India under the colonial rule and the native iTaukei sugarcane farmers, who rely primarily on cash incomes derived from the sale of sugarcane and other diversified farm products. This paper demonstrates that the sugar industry in Fiji is currently facing a ‘perfect storm’—wave after wave of major difficulties coming all at once—and the country is beginning to tackle these problems only as they reach crisis point.
Siamese coding network and pair similarity prediction for near-duplicate image detection
Authors: Fisichella Marco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNear-duplicate detection in a dataset involves finding the elements that are closest to a new query element according to a given similarity function and proximity threshold. The brute force approach is very computationally intensive as it evaluates the similarity between the queried item and all items in the dataset. The potential application domain is an image sharing website that checks for plagiarism or piracy every time a new image is uploaded. Among the various approaches, near-duplicate detection was effectively addressed by SimPair LSH (Fisichella et al., in Decker, Lhotská, Link, Spies, Wagner (eds) Database and expert systems applications, Springer, 2014). As the name suggests, SimPair LSH uses locality sensitive hashing (LSH) and computes and stores in advance a small set of near-duplicate pairs present in the dataset and uses them to reduce the candidate set returned for a given query using the Triangle inequality. We develop an algorithm that predicts how the candidate set will be reduced. We also develop a new efficient method for near-duplicate image detection using a deep Siamese coding neural network that is able to extract effective features from images useful for building LSH indices. Extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets confirm the effectiveness of our deep Siamese coding network and prediction algorithm.
Time evaluation and its accuracy in eating disorders: differences in relation to interoceptive awareness
Authors: Meneguzzo Paolo , Mancini Cecilia , Ormitti Aurora , Bonello Elisa , Todisco Patrizia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Time evaluation has been poorly studied in eating disorder (ED) patients despite its relationship with body awareness, which is a core psychopathological feature in EDs and is influenced by impulsivity, interoception, and working memory. This study aims to evaluate time estimation and its accuracy across the ED spectrum in connection with specific and general psychopathology.

Methods
A group of 215 women was enrolled in a computerized task involving the estimation of 1-min intervals. Impulsivity and body awareness constructs (self-monitoring, depersonalization, interoceptive deficit) were evaluated and examined for significant correlations with time estimation and the accuracy of the measure.

Results
Patients with EDs showed an impaired ability to estimate time, with an accuracy that positively correlated with compulsive self-monitoring (p = 0.03). Differences between diagnostic subgroups showed an overestimation of time in anorexia nervosa patients and an underestimation of time in binge eating disorder patients, whose time estimation was also less accurate.

Conclusion
The relationship between time estimation and compulsive self- monitoring might corroborate the presence of an imbalanced integration of information in patients with EDs that was not present in the community women included in the study. Time perception should be further evaluated in the ED field, and longitudinal changes due to psychopathological recovery or BMI changes should be examined.

Level of evidence
Level III: Evidence obtained from a well-designed cohort or case–control analytic study.
Insight into macroscale superlubricity of polyol aqueous solution induced by protic ionic liquid
Authors: Zheng Zhiwen , Liu Xiaolong , Yu Hongxiang , Chen Haijie , Feng Dapeng , Qiao Dan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrently, macroscale liquid superlubricity remains limited to low applied loads and typical ceramic friction pairs. In this study, a robust macroscale superlubricity with a coefficient of friction (COF) of approximately 0.006 is realized at the bearing steel interface induced by protic ionic liquids (ILs) in propylene glycol aqueous solution, and the lubrication system exhibits excellent anti-corrosion properties. Results show that superlubricity can be achieved by employing ILs with longer alkyl chains over a wide load (< 350 N) and speed (> 700 r/min) range. By systematically investigating factors affecting superlubricity, including the IL structure, ionization degree, test conditions, polyol, water-to-alcohol ratio, and lubrication state, the superlubricity mechanism is discussed. Notably, a thicker and denser stern layer can be formed using ILs with longer alkyl chains, which participates in the tribochemical reaction with the metal substrate to form a tribofilm during rubbing. The hydrogen bond network layer formed by the hydrogen ion and polycol aqueous solution can withstand high applied loads. Water can be used to reduce the shear stress of polyols, and enable superlubricity to be achieved under high-speed rotations. Moreover, an inevitable running-in period serves as a dispersing contact stress and dynamically forms a lubricating film, where the lubrication state locates mixed lubrication and then transforms into boundary lubrication as the roughness of the contact surface increases. This study is expected to significantly promote the development and application of superlubricity in the engineering field.
Food Waste to Livestock Feed: Prospects and Challenges for Swine Farming in Peri-urban Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayathilake Nilanthi , Aheeyar Mohamed , Drechsel Pay 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using farm animals for their natural capability of “recycling” food waste (FW) that is unfit for direct human consumption can support a circular economy as shown in the case of Sri Lanka’s Western Province. The reuse of organic residues including FW as animal feed is a traditional agricultural practice in Sri Lanka but is less studied within an urban FW context. A survey of piggeries using FW in and around the rapidly urbanizing city of Colombo showed that FW is a major feed source in the farms accounting for on average 82% of total feed. About 40% of the farms collected the FW mainly from hotels, restaurants, and institutional canteens. Urban FW is supplied to farmers free of charge when collected directly from the sources, although 26% of the farmers collected FW via intermediaries against a fee. As FW is collected daily, the restaurants appreciate the reliable service, the farmers the low-cost feed, and the municipality the reduced FW volumes to be collected. However, this triple-win situation encounters challenges such as (tourist related) seasonal low supply, which was exacerbated under the Covid-19 lockdown of food services. Another area of concern refers to biosafety. Although the large majority of interviewed farmers boil FW which contains raw meat or fish, there is a paucity of related guidelines and control. Given the benefits of FW use, it is worthwhile to explore how far these informal partnerships could be scaled without increasing transport costs for farmers, while introducing biosafety monitoring. For now, the regulatory environment is highly siloed and does not support material transitions across sector boundaries towards a circular economy.
Exponentially convergent distributed Nash equilibrium seeking for constrained aggregative games
Authors: Liang Shu , Yi Peng , Hong Yiguang , Peng Kaixiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDistributed Nash equilibrium seeking of aggregative games is investigated and a continuous-time algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is designed by virtue of projected gradient play dynamics and aggregation tracking dynamics, and is applicable to games with constrained strategy sets and weight-balanced communication graphs. The key feature of our method is that the proposed projected dynamics achieves exponential convergence, whereas such convergence results are only obtained for non-projected dynamics in existing works on distributed optimization and equilibrium seeking. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of our methods.
Rapid response to a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in a psychiatry hospital—Kanazawa City, Japan, March to April 2020
Authors: Kato Hirofumi , Seki Kikuno , Maeda Yoshiki , Noda Yoko , Iinuma Yoshitsugu , Kitaoka Masami , Kiso Keisuke , Koshida Rie , Kurosu Hitomi , Yamagishi Takuya , Shimada Tomoe , Suzuki Motoi , Sunagawa Tomimasa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in a psychiatry hospital revealed specific challenges in its response such as difficulty in isolation, transfer, and identification of close contacts, suboptimal infection control practices, and shortage of personal protective equipment, which were overcome by support from the public health center and a neighboring university hospital.
On nudges that fail
Authors: Rela Nara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to respond to Cass Sunstein's question: ‘Why are some nudges ineffective, or at least less effective than choice architects hope and expect?’—particularly in view not only of the rational basis in decision-making but also of the direct influence of emotions on the behavior of those who must choose. In this study, I used findings from psychology surveys, specifically considering the influence of emotions on the fallibility of nudges in social interactions when wealth is compared. Special attention is dedicated to vanity, a combined emotion that leads to emotional choices, which arises in self-presentation and self-comparison when external signs of wealth are displayed. Imagination plays an important role in simulation to the extent that it causes failure in further nudges. In conclusion, I argue that vanity impels people to act differently, as expected of choice architects.
Understanding the Limitations of Behavioralism: Lessons from the Field of Maritime Delimitation
Authors: Yildiz Ezgi , Yüksel Umut 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDo states take court decisions into account when formulating policies? If so, how do they process new judicial input and make policies in response to them? While self-interest and incentives are the usual elements involved in a rational choice explanation of policymaking, behavioralist scholarship casts doubt on whether decisionmakers are able to identify and pursue their interests in a rational manner. We draw on rational and behavioral approaches to formulate different expectations about the process of policymaking and updating in the context of maritime delimitation. We focus on how states formulate policies about the appropriate method of maritime delimitation given relevant decisions of the International Court of Justice. Using a dataset of continental shelf delimitation policies, we find evidence that at least some states change policies in line with court decisions. However, we are unable to distinguish between mechanisms consistent with rational choice and those suggested by behavioralism. We discuss why behavioralist explanations of policymaking processes are difficult to test in a large-N setting. Moreover, we discuss why additional evidence from interviews also proves insufficient, notably due to actors’ tendency to rationalize state policies. We end by suggesting how these problems can be addressed in future research.
Regulators’ Mindsets, Ingroup Favoritism, and the National Treatment Obligation in World Trade Organization Law
Authors: Hirsch Moshe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDecision-making processes leading to governmental measures affecting international trade involve socio-cognitive processes, biases, and sociocultural factors. The legal prohibition of discrimination against imported products constitutes a fundamental principle of World Trade Organization (WTO) law, but discrimination against foreign products is widespread. This study explores the contribution of social cognitive and sociological literatures to international trade scholarship concerning the “national treatment” obligation. Ingroup favoritism bias, related cognitive biases, such as confirmation bias, and sociocultural processes, such as “loyalty norms”, facilitate and support discrimination against foreign products.One of the most contested issues regarding the interpretation of GATT Article III concerns the role of regulators’ intention in establishing a violation of this provision. The approach undertaken by the WTO Appellate Body is characterized by a preference for the “objective” test of regulators’ intention (focusing on intention revealed in the regulatory measure itself), and a reluctance to take into account regulators’ “subjective” intentions, discerned from regulators’ statements and a variety of other sources. In contrast to the WTO Appellate Body’s approach, this contribution suggests that once presented with credible evidence regarding key-role regulators’ intentions, manifested in both the regulatory measure itself and in a variety of other items of evidence, it is desirable that WTO tribunals assign adequate probative weight to such intentions. In addition, where it is credibly proven that ingroup favoritism norms prevail in the key role regulator’s social environment, it is advisable to grant some probative weight to such social norms. Assigning a probative weight to regulators’ subjective intentions and relevant norms is justified by the significant influence of intentions and norms on the prospects of discriminatory behavior.The article highlights three principal types of regulators’ mindsets: mindful, mindless, and bias-resisting. Mindful regulators deliberately intend to restrict internal sale of foreign goods through discriminatory measures. Mindless regulators do not aim to discriminate against imported goods, and the disparate impact influences of their regulations are relegated to the background. Bias-resisting regulators intend to grant equal treatment to domestic and imported products and resist ingroup biases.
ON THE STRUCTURE OF COMPUTABLE REDUCIBILITY ON EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS OF NATURAL NUMBERS
Authors: ANDREWS URI , BELIN DANIEL F. , SAN MAURO LUCA 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe examine the degree structure
$\operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbf {ER}}}$
of equivalence relations on
$\omega $
under computable reducibility. We examine when pairs of degrees have a least upper bound. In particular, we show that sufficiently incomparable pairs of degrees do not have a least upper bound but that some incomparable degrees do, and we characterize the degrees which have a least upper bound with every finite equivalence relation. We show that the natural classes of finite, light, and dark degrees are definable in
$\operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbf {ER}}}$
. We show that every equivalence relation has continuum many self-full strong minimal covers, and that
$\mathbf {d}\oplus \mathbf {\operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbf {Id}}}_1}$
needn’t be a strong minimal cover of a self-full degree
$\mathbf {d}$
. Finally, we show that the theory of the degree structure
$\operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbf {ER}}}$
as well as the theories of the substructures of light degrees and of dark degrees are each computably isomorphic with second-order arithmetic.
HSTWFC3/Grism observations of the candidate ultra-high-redshift radio galaxy GLEAM J0917–0012
Authors: Seymour N. , Drouart G. , Noirot G. , Broderick J. W. , Turner R. J. , Shabala S. S. , Stern D. K. , Bellstedt S. , Driver S. , Davies L. , De Breuck C. A. , Afonso J. A. , Vernet J. D. R. , Galvin T. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe presentHubble Space TelescopeWide Field Camera 3 photometric and grism observations of the candidate ultra-high-redshift ($z>7$) radio galaxy, GLEAM J0917–0012. This radio source was selected due to the curvature in its 70–230 MHz, low-frequency Murchison Widefield Array radio spectrum and its faintness inK-band. Follow-up spectroscopic observations of this source with the Jansky Very Large Array and Atacama Large Millimetre Array were inconclusive as to its redshift. Our F105W and F0986M imaging observations detect the host of GLEAM J0917–0012 and a companion galaxy,$\sim$one arcsec away. The G102 grism observations reveal a single weak line in each of the spectra of the host and the companion. To help identify these lines we utilised several photometric redshift techniques including template fitting to the grism spectra, fitting the ultraviolet (UV)-to-radio photometry with galaxy templates plus a synchrotron model, fitting of the UV-to-near-infrared photometry withEAZY, and fitting the radio data alone withRAiSERed. For the host of GLEAM J0917–0012 we find a line at$1.12\,\mu$m and the UV-to-radio spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting favours solutions at$z\sim 2$or$z\sim 8$. While this fitting shows a weak preference for the lower redshift solution, the models from the higher redshift solution are more consistent with the strength of the spectral line. The redshift constraint byRAiSERedof$>6.5$also supports the interpretation that this line could be Lyman$-\alpha$at$z=8.21$; howeverEAZYfavours the$z\sim 2$solution. We discuss the implications of both solutions. For the companion galaxy we find a line at$0.98\,\mu$m and the SED fitting favours solutions at$z<3$implying that the line could be the [OII]$\lambda3727$doublet at$z=1.63$(although theEAZYsolution is$z\sim 2.6\pm 0.5$). Further observations are still required to unambiguously determine the redshift of this intriguing candidate ultra-high-redshift radio galaxy.
Psychosis and substance abuse increase the COVID-19 mortality risk
Authors: Catalan Ana , Aymerich Claudia , Bilbao Amaia , Pedruzo Borja , Pérez José Luis , Aranguren Nerea , Salazar de Pablo Gonzalo , Hedges Emily , Gil Patxi , Segarra Rafael , González-Pinto Ana , Fernández-Rivas Aranzazu , Inchausti Lucía , McGuire Philip , Fusar-Poli Paolo , González-Torres Miguel Ángel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global challenge. High mortality rates have been reported in some risk groups, including patients with pre-existing mental disorders.MethodsWe used electronic health records to retrospectively identify people infected due to COVID-19 (between March 2020 and March 2021) in the three territories of the Basque Country. COVID-19 cases were defined as individuals who had tested positive on a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models and multilevel analyses with generalized estimated equations were used to determine factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality and hospital admission.ResultsThe COVID-19 mortality rate was increased for patients with psychotic disorders [odds ratio (OR) adjusted: 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.09–1.94), p = 0.0114] and patients with substance abuse [OR adjusted: 1.88, 95% CI (1.13–3.14, p < 0.0152)]. The mortality rate was lower for patients with affective disorders [OR adjusted: 0.80, 95% CI (0.61–0.99), p = 0.0407]. Hospital admission rates due to COVID-19 were higher in psychosis [OR adjusted: 2.90, 95% CI (2.36–3.56), p < 0.0001] and anxiety disorder groups [OR adjusted: 1.54, 95% CI (1.37–1.72), p < 0.0001]. Among admitted patients, COVID-19 mortality rate was decreased for those with affective disorders rate [OR adjusted: 0.72, 95% CI (0.55–0.95), p = 0.0194].ConclusionsCOVID-19-related mortality and hospitalizations rates were higher for patients with a pre-existing psychotic disorder.
Bisimulation as a logical relation
Authors: Hermida Claudio , Reddy Uday , Robinson Edmund , Santamaria Alessio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate how various forms of bisimulation can be characterised using the technology of logical relations. The approach taken is that each form of bisimulation corresponds to an algebraic structure derived from a transition system, and the general result is that a relation R between two transition systems on state spaces S and T is a bisimulation if and only if the derived algebraic structures are in the logical relation automatically generated from R. We show that this approach works for the original Park–Milner bisimulation and that it extends to weak bisimulation, and branching and semi-branching bisimulation. The paper concludes with a discussion of probabilistic bisimulation, where the situation is slightly more complex, partly owing to the need to encompass bisimulations that are not just relations.
Immunisation rates and predictors of undervaccination in infants with CHD
Authors: Murray Ann M. , Lee Grace M. , Brown David W. , Saia Theresa A. , Gongwer Russell , Nakamura Mari M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVaccination coverage for infants with CHD is unknown, yet these patients are at high risk for morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable illnesses. We determined vaccination rates for this population and identified predictors of undervaccination. We prospectively enrolled infants with CHD born between 1 January, 2012 and 31 December, 2015, seen in a single-centre cardiology clinic between 15 February, 2016 and 28 February, 2017. We assessed vaccination during the first year of life. Subjects who by age 1 year received all routine immunisations recommended during the first 6 months of life were considered fully vaccinated. We also evaluated influenza vaccination during subjects’ first eligible influenza season. We obtained immunisation histories from primary care providers and collected demographic and clinical data via a parent survey and chart review. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of undervaccination. Among 260 subjects, only 60% were fully vaccinated. Vaccination rates were lowest for influenza (64.6%), rotavirus (71.1%), and Haemophilus influenzae type b (79.3%). Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass during the first year of life was associated with undervaccination (51.5% versus 76.4% fully vaccinated, adjusted odds ratio 2.1 [95% confidence interval 1.1–3.9]). Other predictors of undervaccination were out-of-state primary care (adjusted odds ratio 2.7 [1.5–4.9]), multiple comorbidities (≥2 versus 0–1, adjusted odds ratio 2.0 [1.1–3.6]), and hospitalisation for >25% of the first year of life (>25% versus ≤25%, adjusted odds ratio 2.1 [1.1–3.9]). Targeted quality improvement initiatives focused on improving vaccination coverage for these infants, especially surrounding cardiac surgery, are needed.