bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Briefe Philipp Jakob Speners
Authors: Heydecke Marcus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Philipp Jakob Spener was one of the most important Lutheran theologians in the last third of the 17th century. For Spener, the letter is a means of information and communication. Spener’s letters contain multiple news items about people, events and new literary publications. He himself published his responsa using excerpts and complete letters for it. Private letters can hardly be found in the printed Responsa collections. However, some of these have been preserved as originals or as copies. The variety of topics is remarkable. Using preserved manuscripts, a historical-critical edition of Spener’s letters is currently being made.
“Weißheit ist nicht Bauen, sondern Niederreissen”
Authors: Klawitter Arne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ‘Letters on German Poets’ written jointly by Ludwig August Unzer and Jakob Mauvillon published under the title Ueber den Werth einiger Deutschen Dichter und über andere Gegenstände den Geschmack und die schöne Litteratur betreffend (2 Vol., 1771/1772) caused a sensation immediately after its appearance. While in the first part Gellert’s entire poetic œuvre is critically dissected and dismantled, in the second part the authors rank the German poets by subjecting their poems to a comprehensive classification according to the aspects of an aesthetic of genius. The radicalism of this aesthetic approach is reflected in the largely devastating criticism that the letters received in leading review journals. However, some judgments, such as the one published in the Frankfurter gelehrten Anzeigen, reveal that these ‘Letters on German Poets’ written according to the Socratic method can be considered in retrospect as a ‘ferment’ of a provocative criticism in the spirit of genius aesthetics and as a harbinger of the Sturm und Drang movement.
Three-Dimensional Static Instability of Gravity Waves and a Possible Parameterization of the Associated Wave Breaking
Authors: Borchert Sebastian , Zängl Günther 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Parameterizations of subgrid-scale gravity waves (GWs) in atmospheric models commonly involve the description of the dissipation of GWs. Where they dissipate, GWs have an increased effect on the large-scale flow. Instabilities that trigger wave breaking are an important starting point for the route to dissipation. Possible destabilizing mechanisms are numerous, but the classical vertical static instability is still regarded as a key indicator for the disposition to wave breaking. In this work, we investigate how the horizontal variations associated with a GW could alter the criterion for static instability. To this end, we use an extension of the common parcel displacement method. This three-dimensional static stability analysis predicts a significantly larger range of instability than does the vertical static stability analysis. In this case, the Lindzen-type saturation adjustment to a state of marginal stability is perhaps a less suitable ansatz for the parameterization of the GW breaking. To develop a possible ansatz for the GW dissipation due to three-dimensional instability, we apply the methods of irreversible thermodynamics, which are embedded in the Gibbs formalism of dynamics. In this way, the parameterization does not only satisfy the second law of thermodynamics, but it can also be made consistent with the conservation of energy and further (non-)conservation principles. We develop the parameterization for a discrete spectrum of GW packets. Offline computations of GW drag and dissipative heating rates are performed for two vertical profiles of zonal wind and temperature for summer and winter conditions from CIRA data. The results are compared to benchmarks from the literature.
Multiyear ENSO Dynamics as Revealed in Observations, Climate Model Simulations, and the Linear Recharge Oscillator
Authors: Iwakiri Tomoki , Watanabe Masahiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events occasionally recur one after the other in the same polarity, called multiyear ENSO. However, the dynamical processes are not well understood. This study aims to elucidate the unified mechanisms of multiyear ENSO using observations, phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models, and the theoretical linear recharge oscillator (RO) model. We found that multiyear El Niño and La Niña events are roughly symmetric except for cases of multiyear La Niña following strong El Niño. The composite multiyear ENSO reveals that anomalous ocean heat content (OHC) in the equatorial Pacific persists beyond the first peak, stimulating another event. This prolonged OHC anomaly is caused by meridional Ekman heat transport counteracting geostrophic transport-induced recharge–discharge process that otherwise acts to change the OHC anomaly. A meridionally wide pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies observed during multiyear ENSO is responsible for the Ekman heat transport and multiple factors such as decadal variability, subtropical processes, and ENSO diversity modulate the ENSO meridional structure. CMIP6 multimodel ensemble shows a significant correlation between the ENSO meridional width and the occurrence ratio of multiyear ENSO, supporting the aforementioned mechanism. A multiyear ENSO-like oscillation was simulated using the linear RO model that incorporates a seasonally varying Bjerknes growth rate and a weak recharge efficiency representing the effect of Ekman transport. When the recharge efficiency parameter was estimated using reanalysis data based on geostrophic transport alone, a multiyear ENSO rarely occurred, confirming the importance of Ekman transport in retarding the recharge–discharge process.
Endolymphatic Sac Surgery: Understanding the Historical Influence of Circumstance and Statistics
Authors: Hamza Mahmoud M. , Huang Victoria W. , Naples James G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn 1981, Danish physician Jens Thomsen conducted the first and only documented sham‐controlled surgical trial in the history of otolaryngology. This trial is historically significant as it was the first in the field to use a methodologically sound study design to address a frustratingly complex disorder such as Ménière's disease. Despite this, historical interpretations of this work have varied, and questions about the results have been raised. We review the fascinating historical context of this landmark trial and detail how it was influenced by the rise of the randomized controlled trial. We examine how subsequent statistical analyses and interpretations of this historical work have affected surgical treatment paradigms in Ménière's disease, and we look forward to suggest the legacy of this work as a sham‐controlled surgical trial in otolaryngology.
Voice After Cordectomy Type I or Type II or Radiation Therapy for Large T1a Glottic Cancer
Authors: Yılmaz Taner 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveT1a glottic cancer can be treated with transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) or radiation therapy (RT). Dysphonia is the major disadvantage of TLM, and preservation of voice appears to be the best advantage of RT compared to TLM. Studies on voice outcomes of both options gave conflicting results, but there is a tendency toward better voice outcome after TLM compared to the past.Study DesignNonrandomized retrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodsIn total, 172 patients with a cancer lesion involving more than two‐thirds of 1 membranous vocal fold underwent cordectomy type I (n = 56) (C1 group) or type II (n = 59) (C2 group) or RT (n = 57) (RT group). GRBASI (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain, instability), videolaryngostroboscopy, Voice Handicap Index–30, acoustic analysis including F0, jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio, cepstral peak prominence, and cepstral spectral index of dysphonia using running speech, and aerodynamic analysis were performed before treatment and 6 and 24 months after treatment.ResultsStudy groups did not differ significantly on pretreatment voice outcomes (P > .05). The RT group had significantly better voice outcomes at 6 months posttreatment compared to the C1 and C2 groups (P < .05). The C1 group had significantly better voice outcomes at 6 months posttreatment compared to the C2 group (P < .05). The C1 group had significantly better voice outcomes at 24 months posttreatment compared to the RT and C2 groups (P < .05). The RT and C2 groups did not differ significantly at 24 months posttreatment (P > .05).ConclusionVoice outcomes after C2 are equal to RT. C1 has better voice outcomes than RT. C1 and C2 can be the treatment of choice for large T1a glottic cancers.
A Prospective Controlled Study Investigating Odor Identification in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Hans Stephane , Vaira Luigi A. , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , De Marrez Lisa G. , Baudouin Robin , Gheorghe Alexandrea , Sebestyen Andra , Loubieres Charlotte , Karkos Petros D. , Saussez Sven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo psychophysically evaluate olfaction in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Study DesignProspective controlled study.SettingTertiary medical center.MethodsFrom January 2021 to January 2022, patients with LPR diagnosed with hypopharyngeal‐esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring underwent psychophysical evaluation of the sense of smell. Reflux symptoms and findings were assessed with the Reflux Symptom Score (RSS) and Reflux Sign Assessment (RSA). Nasal symptoms were assessed through the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT‐22). From pre‐ to posttreatment, patients underwent identification Sniffin’ Sticks test and olfactory cleft examination. Clinical outcomes were compared between LPR patients and healthy individuals.ResultsIn total, 107 patients and 76 healthy individuals completed the evaluations. LPR patients reported significant higher RSS, RSA, and SNOT‐22 scores. Psychophysical olfactory evaluations were significantly lower in reflux patients compared with controls, while there were no significant differences in olfactory cleft score. RSS and RSA significantly improved from baseline to 3 months posttreatment. SNOT‐22, olfactory cleft endoscopy scale, and psychophysical olfactory evaluations did not change throughout treatment. Patients with higher number of acid pharyngeal reflux events reported lower psychophysical olfactory scores (P = .025).ConclusionLPR disease was associated with low odor identification results in patients without olfactory cleft abnormalities. The sense of smell did not improve after 3‐month therapy. Future controlled studies using threshold, discrimination, and identification testing are needed.
Outcomes of Tympanoplasty After Cleft Palate Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Poupore Nicolas S. , Smaily Hussein , Carroll William W. , Pecha Phayvanh P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze graft success rates and hearing outcomes in patients with a history of cleft palate (CP) repair undergoing tympanoplasty.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL.Review MethodsPer PRISMA guidelines, the databases were searched from date of inception through December 14, 2021. Studies of patients with previous CP repair who underwent tympanoplasty were included. Meta‐analysis of proportions, continuous measures, odds ratios (ORs), and meta‐regression were used to analyze graft success and hearing outcomes after tympanoplasty.ResultsA total of 323 patients with CP repair and 1169 controls were included. The proportion of graft success was 86.7% (95% CI, 76.1%‐94.5%) in patients with CP repair and 88.8% (95% CI, 76.9‐96.8) in controls. There was no difference in odds of graft success between patients with CP repair and controls (OR, 1.0 [95% CI, 0.5‐1.8]; P = .870). Age was not a significant moderator of graft success in patients with CP repair (r = 0.1 [95% CI, −0.2 to 0.3]; P = .689) or controls (r = −0.0 [95% CI, −0.1 to 0.1]; P = .952). Comparing mean differences between pre‐ and postoperative air‐bone gap was not statistically significant in patients with CP repair and controls (0.2 dB [95% CI, −3.1 to 3.4]; P = .930). Odds of functional success (postoperative air‐bone gap <20 dB) were not different between the groups (OR, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.5‐1.4]; P = .450).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis does not endorse anatomic or functional differences between patients with CP repair and controls after tympanoplasty. However, there is a paucity of evidence for younger children. Further studies are warranted to elucidate specific risk factors for tympanoplasty outcomes in young patients with previous CP repair.
Palliative paramedicine: Comparing clinical practice through guideline quality appraisal and qualitative content analysis
Authors: Juhrmann Madeleine L , Anderson Natalie E , Boughey Mark , McConnell Duncan S , Bailey Paul , Parker Lachlan E , Noble Andrew , Hultink Amber H , Butow Phyllis N , Clayton Josephine M 
Published: August 2022

Background: Palliative care is an emerging scope of practice for paramedicine. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the opportunity for emergency settings to deliver palliative and end-of-life care to patients wishing to avoid intensive life-sustaining treatment. However, a gap remains in understanding the scope and limitations of current ambulance services’ approach to palliative and end-of-life care. Aim: To examine the quality and content of existing Australian palliative paramedicine guidelines with a sample of guidelines from comparable Anglo-American ambulance services. Design: We appraised guideline quality using the AGREE II instrument and employed a collaborative qualitative approach to analyse the content of the guidelines. Data sources: Eight palliative care ambulance service clinical practice guidelines (five Australian; one New Zealand; one Canadian; one United Kingdom). Results: None of the guidelines were recommended by both appraisers for use based on the outcomes of all AGREE II evaluations. Scaled individual domain percentage scores varied across the guidelines: scope and purpose (8%–92%), stakeholder involvement (14%–53%), rigour of development (0%–20%), clarity of presentation (39%–92%), applicability (2%–38%) and editorial independence (0%–38%). Six themes were developed from the content analysis: (1) audience and approach; (2) communication is key; (3) assessing and managing symptoms; (4) looking beyond pharmaceuticals; (5) seeking support; and (6) care after death. Conclusions: It is important that ambulance services’ palliative and end-of-life care guidelines are evidence-based and fit for purpose. Future research should explore the experiences and perspectives of key palliative paramedicine stakeholders. Future guidelines should consider emerging evidence and be methodologically guided by AGREE II criteria.
Lower expression of KAI1 as a biomarker of poor survival prognosis of melanoma combined with colorectal cancer metastasis
Authors: Du Xudong , Wang Bo , Liu Lei , Li Yang , Wang Zheng-xiang , Zhang Guang-jing , Yang Xiu-fang 
Published: August 2022

Objective This study aimed to investigate the correlation between KAI1 (CD82) and miR-633 expression and prognosis and survival time of patients with melanoma combined with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Clinical and follow-up data of melanoma and CRC patients were recorded, and the expression levels of KAI1 and miR-633 were detected. Pearson chi-square tests and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze the relationship between prognosis and related parameters in these patients. Cox proportional risk regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used. Results Overall, 195 patients were included. KAI1 and miR-633 expression levels were significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients with melanoma combined with CRC. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of KAI1 and miR-633 were significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that low expression levels of KAI1 and high expression levels of miR-633 indicated shorter survival time for patients. Conclusions KAI1 expression was significantly correlated with melanoma and CRC patient prognosis. When KAI1 expression levels were low, the patient survival time was poor.
Compensation of Dynamic Fixation Systems in the Quality of Reduction of Distal Tibiofibular Joint in Acute Syndesmotic Complex Injuries: A CT-Based Analysis
Authors: Spindler Fabian T. , Gaube Federico P. , Böcker Wolfgang , Polzer Hans , Baumbach Sebastian F. 
Published: August 2022

Background: There is an ongoing discussion on how to best stabilize syndesmotic injuries. Previous studies have indicated a better quality of reduction of the distal tibiofibular joint (DTFJ) for the suture button systems compared to syndesmotic screw fixation. Still, the reason for this superiority remains unclear. The aims of this retrospective study were to (1) analyze the deviation of the tibial and fibular drilling tunnels of the suture button system and (2) to compare these to the quality of reduction of the DTFJ assessed on bilateral postoperative CT images. Methods: Included were all adult patients who underwent syndesmotic stabilization for an acute injury using a suture button system, with postoperative, bilateral CT imaging over a 10-year period. A total of 147 patients were eligible. Based on individually reconstructed axial CT slices, the postoperative quality of reduction of the DTFJs was rated on bilateral CT images. Furthermore, the rotation and translation of the suture button drilling tunnels were analyzed. Based on these measurements, the intraoperative reduction of the DTFJ was recalculated and again rated. Using these values, the correction potential of suture button systems on the reduction of the DTFJ was analyzed. Results: (1) The drilling tunnel deviated considerably for both rotation |2.3±2.1 degrees| (range: |0.0-13.1 degrees|) and translation |0.9±0.8 mm| (range: |0-4.3 mm|). Based on the deviation of the drilling tunnels in fibula and tibia, the calculated intraoperative reduction of the DTFJ was classified as malreduced in 35.4%. (2) The DTFJ was postoperatively identified as malreduced in 17% of patients. Overall, the suture button system tended to compensate toward a more anatomical reduction both in the axial and sagittal plane. Conclusion: A suture button system postoperatively deviates and apparently has the capacity to compensate for intraoperative malreduction. Analysis of the drilling tunnels revealed that the use of a rigid fixation system would have doubled the postoperative malreduction rate.
Healthcare Workers’ Compliance With Standard Precautions and Associated Factors in Bahir Dar Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Mulat Endalew Salie , Abebe Melake Bealemlay , Geremew Abraham , Baraki Negga , Mengistu Dechasa Adare , Sintie Alamirew Tamagnu , Muche Temesgen Liku , Mulugeta Demmu Yohannes , Alemeshet Asefa Yohanis , Deriba Wegene , Alemu Fekade Ketema , Ayele Dinku Mekbib , Berhanu Ashenafi , Dirirsa Gebisa 
Published: August 2022

Background: According to the literature analysis, the majority of the studies focused primarily on public health institutions. Although assessing the compliance of healthcare workers in private and public institutions would give comprehensive evidence on existing problems and appropriate prevention method, as a result, research on adherence to standard precautions are still required. Rely on existing research, to the best of the investigator’s knowledge, compliance with standard precautions in hospitals of Bahir Dar town has not been assessed. Therefore, this study will contribute to narrowing these gaps and determining the scope of problems with standard precautions. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 442 healthcare workers working in hospitals from June 10 to 30, 2021. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Pre-tested and structured questionnaires and an observational checklist were used to collect the required data. The data were entered into EpiData and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to assess the association between independent and outcome variables. Odd ratios at 95% CI were used to measure the strength of the association between the outcome and explanatory variables. Finally, a P-value of <.05 was considered as a cut-off point for statistical significance. Results: Of the 442 healthcare workers who participated in the study, 41% were compliant with standard precautions. Furthermore, 68.1% and 51.8% of the respondents had good knowledge and a positive attitude toward infection prevention, respectively. Consistent water supply availability (AOR = 1.92 and 95% CI = 1.63, 6.27), and access to infection prevention guidelines (AOR = 1.73 and 95% CI = 1.08, 2.77), and availability of personal protective equipment (AOR = 2.32 and 95% CI = 1.35, 3.98) were some of the factors significantly associated with health care workers’ compliance. Conclusions: The current study found that only about two-fifths of the healthcare workers complied with standard precautions. The study suggests that there is a significant risk of developing an infection. Therefore, the concerned organizations; Bahir Dar Zonal Health Office, and respective sectors including Amhara Regional Health Office and the Federal Ministry of Health must take appropriate measures to improve the implementation of safety practices.
Digital learning and the lopsidedness of the education in government and private primary schools during the COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal, India
Authors: Sarkar Bappa , Islam Nazrul , Das Pinku , Miraj Abdul , Dakua Manoj , Debnath Manoj , Roy Ranjan 
Published: August 2022

Since March 2020, all academic institutions have been closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and have been encouraged online mode of education to the students in West Bengal, India. The most profound negative effect of the school closure has been noticed on primary education. This research examines how school closures in both government and private primary schools in West Bengal result in uneven teaching-learning opportunities in formal and non-formal education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study was conducted based on an online survey in West Bengal using a structured questionnaire. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Shapiro-Wilk Test, Pearson Chi-squared (χ2) test, and logistic regression were used to check the relationships among the variables. Based on 473 responses to an online survey administered to the parents and educated family members of 3–10 years aged children from both government and private primary schools in West Bengal. The authors' analysis shows the teaching-learning opportunities varied significantly. Further, the study revealed a noticeable gap between government and private primary schools. The study depicts that students from urban areas have more accessibility to online education than those living in rural areas. The study revealed that 98.7% of private schools and 33.7% of students from government primary schools could access online education. Statistically significant differences were observed between both categories of schools in academic affairs during the pandemic.