bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving the Distance-Based Critical Node Problem
Authors: Salemi Hosseinali , Buchanan Austin 
Published: January 2022

In critical node problems, the task is to identify a small subset of so-called critical nodes whose deletion maximally degrades a network’s “connectivity” (however that is measured). Problems of this type have been widely studied, for example, for limiting the spread of infectious diseases. However, existing approaches for solving them have typically been limited to networks having fewer than 1,000 nodes. In this paper, we consider a variant of this problem in which the task is to delete b nodes so as to minimize the number of node pairs that remain connected by a path of length at most k. With the techniques developed in this paper, instances with up to 17,000 nodes can be solved exactly. We introduce two integer programming formulations for this problem (thin and path-like) and compare them with an existing recursive formulation. Although the thin formulation generally has an exponential number of constraints, it admits an efficient separation routine. Also helpful is a new, more general preprocessing procedure that, on average, fixes three times as many variables than before. Summary of Contribution: In this paper, we consider a distance-based variant of the critical node problem in which the task is to delete b nodes so as to minimize the number of node pairs that remain connected by a path of length at most k. This problem is motivated by applications in social networks, telecommunications, and transportation networks. In our paper, we aim to solve large-scale instances of this problem. Standard out-of-the-box approaches are unable to solve such instances, requiring new integer programming models, methodological contributions, and other computational insights. For example, we propose an algorithm for finding a maximum independent set of simplicial nodes that runs in time O(nm) that we use in a preprocessing procedure; we also prove that the separation problem associated with one of our integer programming models is NP-hard. We apply our branch-and-cut implementation to real-life networks from a variety of domains and observe speedups over previous approaches.
Functional status of community-dwelling older adults after inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Peiris Casey L , Shields Nora , Lowe Anna , Tan Germaine , Taylor Nicholas F 
Published: January 2022

Background/aims:Factors that influence functional ability in older adults after rehabilitation are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate how older people function in their community after being discharged from inpatient rehabilitation.MethodsA cross-sectional study was undertaken of community-dwelling older adults (n=86, 75 ± 6 years) discharged from rehabilitation in the previous 12 months. Basic functional independence was assessed using the Functional Independence Measure and complex functional independence was assessed using the Frenchay Activities Index. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess any association between predetermined factors and function.ResultsFunctional Independence Measure scores and physical activity levels after being discharged accounted for 50% of the variance in basic function (R2=0.50, F=40.75, P<0.001). Frenchay Activities Index scores, physical activity, age, sex and migrant status accounted for 68% of variance in complex function (R2=0.68, F=29.75, P<0.001).ConclusionsClinicians are encouraged to implement strategies to improve function at discharge from rehabilitation and to promote physical activity among older people at risk of poor function following rehabilitation.
Ten-year results of a prospective cohort of large-head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty
Authors: van Lingen Christiaan P. , Ettema Harmen B. , Bosker Bart H. , Verheyen Cees C. P. M. 
Published: January 2022

Aims Large-diameter metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) has demonstrated unexpected high failure rates and pseudotumour formation. The purpose of this prospective cohort study is to report ten-year results in order to establish revision rate, prevalence of pseudotumour formation, and relation with whole blood cobalt levels. Methods All patients were recalled according to the guidelines of the Dutch Orthopaedic Association. They underwent clinical and radiographical assessments (radiograph and CT scan) of the hip prosthesis and whole blood cobalt ion measurements. Overall, 94 patients (95 hips) fulfilled our requirements for a minimum ten-year follow-up. Results Mean follow-up was 10.9 years (10 to 12), with a cumulative survival rate of 82.4%. Reason for revision was predominantly pseudotumour formation (68%), apart from loosening, pain, infection, and osteolysis. The prevalence of pseudotumour formation around the prostheses was 41%, while our previous report of this cohort (with a mean follow-up of 3.6 years) revealed a 39% prevalence. The ten-year revision-free survival with pseudotumour was 66.7% and without pseudotumour 92.4% (p < 0.05). There was poor discriminatory ability for cobalt for pseudotumour formation. Conclusion This prospective study reports a minimum ten-year follow-up of large-head MoM THA. Revision rates are high, with the main reason being the sequelae of pseudotumour formation, which were rarely observed after five years of implantation. Blood ion measurements show limited discriminatory capacity in diagnosing pseudotumour formation. Our results evidence that an early comprehensive follow-up strategy is essential for MoM THA to promptly identify and manage early complications and revise on time. After ten years follow-up, we do not recommend continuing routine CT scanning or whole cobalt blood measurements, but instead enrolling these patients in routine follow-up protocols for THA. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(1):61–67.
Optical Sensor System for Chemical Flow Rate Monitoring with Direct Nozzle Injection
Authors: Folkerts Chandler , Luck Joe D. , Pitla Santosh Kumar , Ge Yufeng 
Published: January 2022

HighlightsA novel optical sensor system was developed to accurately measure simulated chemical (water with dye) flow rates observed with direct nozzle injection systems for agricultural sprayers.The average error in chemical flow rate estimates was only 2% across a typical range of injection rates.The prototype optical sensor system was capable of detecting dye dilutions to a level of 1:150,000.Abstract. Direct injection systems have the potential to provide several benefits to spray applicators (e.g., easing boom cleanout procedures); however, lag time and proper mixing continue to hinder adoption. Development efforts have typically focused on moving the chemical injection point closer to the nozzle to improve the application rate response. This poses an important challenge for proper metering of the chemical, i.e., accurate measurement of extremely low chemical flow rates. In this study, an optical sensor system was integrated with a typical carrier flowmeter and calibration methodology to measure chemical flow rates for a direct nozzle injection sprayer. The optical sensor used a light-emitting diode (LED) and photodiode pair to measure the absorbance of a dye mixed with a simulated chemical solution. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the measurement accuracy of the system in which sensor output was compared directly to measurements from a spectrophotometer. Results indicated that the calibrated sensor system was able to estimate the simulated chemical flow rate with an average error of 2%. The sensor system was also capable of accurate measurements as the initial concentrations of dye mixed with the chemical solution varied. Keywords: Application equipment, Pesticides, Sprayers, Spraying equipment.
Tunable multiple Fano resonances based on a plasmonic metal-insulator-metal structure for nano-sensing and plasma blood sensing applications
Authors: Rohimah Siti , Tian He , Wang Jinfang , Chen Jianfeng , Li Jina , Liu Xing , Cui Jingang , Hao Yu 
Published: January 2022

A base plasmonic metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide structure consisting of a baffle waveguide and an obround-shaped resonator is designed to produce Fano resonance. The simulation results exhibit that double Fano resonances can be achieved. Based on this structure, an inner obround-shaped resonator is spliced to the former obround-shaped resonator through a slot resonator to form the expanded structure. Then quadruple Fano resonances are produced by the interference between the broadband continuous state arising from the baffle waveguide and the narrowband discrete state arising from the interaction among the inner obround-shaped resonator, the outer obround-shaped resonator, and the slot resonator. The Fano resonance and refractive index sensing characteristics are investigated, and the sensitivity and the figure of merit can reach 1636 nm/RIU and 33562, respectively. Furthermore, the structure filled with blood plasma can be used for detecting plasma concentrations with different refractive indices, and the sensitivity can reach

2.88

n
m
⋅
L

/

g

. The proposed structure with the simple baffle waveguide and obround-shaped resonators may have potential applications in biosensing and nanoscale optical sensing.
The comparison of catheter ablation on hard outcomes versus medical treatment for atrial fibrillation patients: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Song Jikai , Zhang Qinggang , Ye Lifang , Zheng Yaru , Wang Lihong 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe prevailing view is that ablation does not reduce the incidence of stroke and deaths in atrial fibrillation (AF), and guidelines suggest that long-term anticoagulation is required after ablation, regardless of the success of the procedure. We performed a meta-analysis of recent randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) to verify whether ablation compared with drugs reduced the incidence of stroke and deaths.MethodsWe systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for RCTs of AF catheter ablation (CA) compared to medical therapy (MT). The risk ratio (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. A trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to further validate the reliability of the primary outcomes.ResultsSeventeen RCTs were included, comprising 5,258 patients (CA, n = 2760; MT, n = 2498). Compared with medical therapy, CA was associated with a reduction in stroke/transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) (p = 0.035; RR = 0.61 [95% CI, 0.386 to 0.965]; I2= 0.0%) and deaths (p = 0.004; RR = 0.7 [95% CI, 0.55 to 0.89]; I2= 0.0%). CA was associated with improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.000; WMD = 5.39 [95% CI, 2.45 to 8.32]; I2= 84.4%) and the rate of maintenance of sinus rhythm (SR) (p = 0.000; RR = 3.55 [95% CI, 2.34 to 5.40]; I2= 76.7%).ConclusionsCA for AF had more favourable outcomes in terms of stroke/TIAs, deaths, change in LVEF, and the maintenance of SR at the end of follow-up compared to MT. Besides, the TSA results supported this conclusion.
Neorrealismo y cine en Cuba: Historia y discurso en torno a la primera polémica de la Revolución (1951–1962), Anastasia Valecce (2020)
Authors: Rozsa Irene 
Published: January 2022

Review of: Neorrealismo y cine en Cuba: Historia y discurso en torno a la primera polémica de la Revolución (1951–1962), Anastasia Valecce (2020)
West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 211 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-55753-987-8, p/bk, $44.99
Increasing the number of robotic-arm assisted total hip arthroplasty operations performed on an operating list decreases time per case
Authors: Pagkalos Joe , Wainwright Thomas , Middleton Robert 
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives

The introduction of robotic arm-assisted THA may have a significant effect on operating room efficiency. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the operating list case load in robotic arm-assisted THA focusing on operating room utilisation.

Methodology

Only cases performed in lists consisting exclusively of conventional primary THA or exclusively robotic primary THAs were included. All patients underwent posterior approach hybrid THA by a single surgeon in a single operating room. The anaesthetic and intra-operative protocols were identical. List duration was defined as the interval from the arrival of the first patient to the operating room department until the last patient entered the recovery area.

Results

A total of 246 primary THA cases (165 robotic arm-assisted, 81 conventional) were included in this retrospective cohort study. The median number of cases per list for robotic THA was 3 (IQR 2,4) and for conventional THA 3 (IQR 3,4).
The mean session duration in lists consisting of four robotic arm THAs was 544 minutes and for four conventional THAs this was 414 minutes. In multiple robotic arm-assisted THA operating lists, the session duration/THA reduced with increasing list volume (Two THA list: 144min/THA, six THA list: 129 min/THA). This finding was upheld when the last 50 robotic cases were analysed independently (Two THA list: 133min/THA, Six THA list: 122min/THA).

Conclusions

This study identified a significant improvement in the operating list utilisation when multiple robotic-arm assisted THA cases were listed in
Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons of the Spinal Cord Superficial Dorsal Horn Diverge in Their Somatosensory Responses and Plasticityin Vivo
Authors: Sullivan Steve J. , Sdrulla Andrei D. 
Published: January 2022

The superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord represents the first site of integration between innocuous and noxious somatosensory stimuli. According to gate control theory, diverse populations of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons within the SDH are activated by distinct sensory afferents, and their interplay determines the net nociceptive output projecting to higher pain centers. Although specific SDH cell types are ill defined, numerous classifications schemes find that excitatory and inhibitory neurons fundamentally differ in their morphology, electrophysiology, neuropeptides, and pain-associated plasticity; yet little is known about how these neurons respond over a range of natural innocuous and noxious stimuli. To address this question, we applied anin vivoimaging approach in male mice where the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6s was expressed either in vGluT2-positive excitatory or vIAAT-positive inhibitory neurons. We found that inhibitory neurons were markedly more sensitive to innocuous touch than excitatory neurons but still responded dynamically over a wide range of noxious mechanical stimuli. Inhibitory neurons were also less sensitive to thermal stimuli than their excitatory counterparts. In a capsaicin model of acute pain sensitization, the responses of excitatory neurons were significantly potentiated to innocuous and noxious mechanical stimuli, whereas inhibitory neural responses were only depressed to noxious stimuli. Thesein vivofindings show that excitatory and inhibitory SDH neurons diverge considerably in their somatosensory responses and plasticity, as postulated by gate control theory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGate control theory posits that opposing spinal excitatory and inhibitory neurons, differently tuned across somatosensory modalities, determine the net nociceptive output to higher pain centers. Little is known about how natural stimuli activate these two neural populations. This study applied anin vivocalcium imaging approach to genetically target these neurons and contrast their responses over a range of innocuous and noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli. Compared with excitatory neurons, we found that inhibitory neurons are more sensitive to innocuous touch and far less sensitive to thermal stimuli. An acute model of pain also revealed that these subtypes undergo divergent mechanosensory plasticity. Our data provide important and novel insights for gate-control inspired models of pain processing.
Register-based information on thyroid diseases in Europe: lessons and results from the EUthyroid collaboration
Authors: Møllehave Line Tang , Eliasen Marie Holm , Strēle Ieva , Linneberg Allan , Moreno-Reyes Rodrigo , Ivanova Ludmila B , Kusić Zvonko , Erlund Iris , Ittermann Till , Nagy Endre V , Gunnarsdottir Ingibjorg , Arbelle Jonathan Eli , Troen Aaron Milton , Pīrāgs Valdis , Dahl Lisbeth , Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Alicja , Trofimiuk-Müldner Malgorzata , de Castro João Jacome , Marcelino Mafalda , Gaberšček Simona , Zaltel Katja , Puig-Domingo Manuel , Vila Lluis , Manousou Sofia , Nyström Helena Filipsson , Zimmermann Michael Bruce , Mullan Karen R , Woodside Jayne Valerie , Völzke Henry , Thuesen Betina Heinsbæk 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Registers of diagnoses and treatments exist in different forms in the European countries and are potential sources to answer important research questions. Prevalence and incidence of thyroid diseases are highly dependent on iodine intake and, thus, iodine deficiency disease prevention programs. We aimed to collect European register data on thyroid outcomes to compare the rates between countries/regions with different iodine status and prevention programs.

Design
Register-based cross-sectional study.

Methods
National register data on thyroid diagnoses and treatments were requested from 23 European countries/regions. The provided data were critically assessed for suitability for comparison between countries/regions. Sex- and age-standardized rates were calculated.

Results
Register data on ≥1 thyroid diagnoses or treatments were available from 22 countries/regions. After critical assessment, data on medication, surgery, and cancer were found suitable for comparison between 9, 10, and 13 countries/regions, respectively. Higher rates of antithyroid medication and thyroid surgery for benign disease and lower rates of thyroid hormone therapy were found for countries with iodine insufficiency before approx. 2001, and no relationship was observed with recent iodine intake or prevention programs.

Conclusions
The collation of register data on thyroid outcomes from European countries is impeded by a high degree of heterogeneity in the availability and quality of data between countries. Nevertheless, a relationship between historic iodine intake and rates of treatments for hyper- and hypothyroid disorders is indicated. This study illustrates both the challenges and the potential for the application of register data of thyroid outcomes across Europe.
Investigation of the Physical Properties of a Fabric with a Conductive Fibre
Authors: Sacevičienė Virginija , Klevaitytė Ramunė , Radavičienė Svetlana , Urbelis Virginijus 
Published: January 2022

The aim of this work is to investigate physical and mechanical performance of fabrics with a conductive fibre after washing conditions. Three commercially available fabrics with a conductive fibre and one fabric without a conductive fibre were chosen as a research object. The physical properties of the fabrics were evaluated by the loss of the mechanical performance, changes in structure and magnetic permeability. Fabric elasticity and thickness decrease after washing, except for the fabric without a conductive fibre. Magnetic field permeability of all fabrics decreases after washing. The properties of the fabric with a conductive fibre woven in one direction change the most, its magnetic field permeability is the greatest. In all cases magnetic field permeability at the seam is lower than in separate pieces of the fabric. The highest frequency of the fabric with a thread woven in both directions is at the seam but in all cases the frequencies of separate pieces of fabrics are lower. Tests showed that the best dielectric properties are of the fabric with conductive yarn woven in the weft direction and the highest capacitance change of which is ΔC=74,79%.
Interpreting of Live Press Conferences into Lithuanian Sign Language Under Extreme Conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Stankevič Natalija , Mankauskienė Dalia 
Published: January 2022

The article presents a study of the work of Lithuanian Sign Language (LSL) interpreters in the spring of 2020, when live press conferences on the COVID-19 pandemic were interpreted. At the onset of the pandemic, LSL interpreters, like many other national sign language interpreters, were faced with a new form of live interpreting − interpreting under extreme conditions. Over the years the broadcast news interpreting has become routine for LSL interpreters and can be considered as interpreting under normal conditions. During the pandemic, however, LSL interpreters suddenly found themselves having to interpret live press conferences of politicians and experts on the evolving situation of COVID-19, a major challenge. Until then, none of them had ever had to interpret under similar conditions in an environment of tension and uncertainty, and without special training of how to interpret in an emergency. The study was based on the methodology of R. L McKee (2014) for studying the sign language interpreters’ work under extreme conditions during the natural disasters in Australia and New Zealand and distinguished environmental, linguistic, paralinguistic and interpersonal factors, and on in-depth interview with all 9 LGK interpreters who interpreted during live press conferences on the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines how these four factors influenced the work of LSL interpreters.
High-temperature plastic deformation of $$\langle 110\rangle$$-oriented BaTiO3 single crystals
Authors: Höfling Marion , Porz Lukas , Scherer Michael , Gao Shuang , Zhuo Fangping , Isaia Daniel , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBaTiO3 single crystals were deformed in compression along the $$\langle 110\rangle$$

⟨
110
⟩

crystal axis to study the plastic deformability and dislocation structures at high temperatures under different loading conditions. The yield strength is determined from stress–strain curves under strain rate control, load control, strain rate cycling tests, and under step-wise loading conditions to elucidate the impact of measurement approach in yield strength behavior. A comparison between the chosen methods based on stress-dependent strain rate plots indicates that load control measurements are a suitable alternative to the commonly used strain rate-control experiments in metals. This allows avoiding overloading and providing an estimate of the overall achievable strain rates in a ceramic. Activation energies and activation volumes in the temperature range of 1100–1170 °C indicate a similar mechanical deformation behavior to SrTiO3.
Graphical abstract