bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NICU Antibiotics and Outcomes (NANO) trial: a randomized multicenter clinical trial assessing empiric antibiotics and clinical outcomes in newborn preterm infants
Authors: Morowitz Michael J. , Katheria Anup C. , Polin Richard A. , Pace Elizabeth , Huang David T. , Chang Chung-Chou H. , Yabes Johathan G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Early-onset sepsis is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the preterm population. Infants perceived to be at increased risk for early-onset sepsis are often treated empirically with broad-spectrum antibiotics while awaiting confirmatory blood cultures, despite an overall incidence of early-onset sepsis of 2–3% among extremely-low-birthweight (ELBW) infants. Recent observational studies associate perinatal antibiotic use with an increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and mortality among ELBW infants. Given currently available data and variability in clinical practice, we designed a prospective multi-institutional randomized controlled trial to determine the safety of early antibiotic use in ELBW infants.

Methods
The NICU Antibiotics and Outcomes (NANO) trial is a multicenter, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. A sample of 802 ELBW preterm infants will undergo web-based stratified block randomization to receive empiric antibiotics (EA; ampicillin and gentamicin) or placebo during routine evaluation for early-onset sepsis. Participating sites will use preexisting institutional protocols for antibiotic dosage and duration. Infants born at participating sites with a gestational age of 29 weeks or less are eligible for enrollment. Exclusion criteria include maternal intrauterine infection, hemodynamic or respiratory instability, delivery by caesarean section for maternal indications without labor or prolonged rupture of membranes, and prior administration of antibiotics. The primary outcome is the composite incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, or death during participants’ index hospitalization. Maternal and infant samples will be collected longitudinally and assessed for differences in microbiome composition and diversity.

Discussion
The NANO trial is designed to compare the rate of adverse outcomes of EA use at birth versus placebo in ELBW preterm infants. If EA at birth worsens clinical outcomes, then the results of the trial may help providers decrease antibiotic utilization in the NICU and subsequently decrease the incidence of complications associated with early antibiotic use in ELBW infants. If we instead find that EA improve outcomes, then the trial will validate a longstanding clinical practice that has not previously been supported by high-quality data. Future studies will assess long-term clinical and microbial outcomes in infants who received empiric antibiotics following delivery.

Trial registration
Trial registration data: June 25, 2019 NCT03997266.
Investigating the efficacy of baricitinib in new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (BANDIT)—study protocol for a phase 2, randomized, placebo controlled trial
Authors: Waibel M. , Thomas H. E. , Wentworth J. M. , Couper J. J. , MacIsaac R. J. , Cameron F. J. , So M. , Krishnamurthy B. , Doyle M. C. , Kay T. W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) places an extraordinary burden on individuals and their families, as well as on the healthcare system. Despite recent advances in glucose sensors and insulin pump technology, only a minority of patients meet their glucose targets and face the risk of both acute and long-term complications, some of which are life-threatening.
The JAK-STAT pathway is critical for the immune-mediated pancreatic beta cell destruction in T1D. Our pre-clinical data show that inhibitors of JAK1/JAK2 prevent diabetes and reverse newly diagnosed diabetes in the T1D non-obese diabetic mouse model. The goal of this study is to determine if the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor baricitinib impairs type 1 diabetes autoimmunity and preserves beta cell function.

Methods
This will be as a multicentre, two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial in individuals aged 10–30 years with recent-onset T1D. Eighty-three participants will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio within 100 days of diagnosis to receive either baricitinib 4mg/day or placebo for 48 weeks and then monitored for a further 48 weeks after stopping study drug. The primary outcome is the plasma C-peptide 2h area under the curve following ingestion of a mixed meal. Secondary outcomes include HbA1c, insulin dose, continuous glucose profile and adverse events. Mechanistic assessments will characterize general and diabetes-specific immune responses.

Discussion
This study will determine if baricitinib slows the progressive, immune-mediated loss of beta cell function that occurs after clinical presentation of T1D. Preservation of beta cell function would be expected to improve glucose control and prevent diabetes complications, and justify additional trials of baricitinib combined with other therapies and of its use in at-risk populations to prevent T1D.

Trial registration
ANZCTR ACTRN12620000239965. Registered on 26 February 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04774224. Registered on 01 March 2021
The role of non-Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal diseases
Authors: Waskito Langgeng Agung , Rezkitha Yudith Annisa Ayu , Vilaichone Ratha-korn , Sugihartono Titong , Mustika Syifa , Dewa Nyoman Wibawa I , Yamaoka Yoshio , Miftahussurur Muhammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, the development of next-generation sequencing for human microbiota has led to remarkable discoveries. The characterization of gastric microbiota has enabled the examination of genera associated with several diseases, including gastritis, precancerous lesions, and gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well known to cause gastric dysbiosis by reducing diversity, because this bacterium is the predominant bacterium. However, as the diseases developed into more severe stages, such as atrophic gastritis, premalignant lesion, and gastric adenocarcinoma, the dominance of H. pylori began to be displaced by other bacteria, including Streptococcus, Prevotella, Achromobacter, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Rhodococcus, Lactobacillus, and Phyllobacterium. Moreover, a massive reduction in H. pylori in cancer sites was observed as compared with noncancer tissue in the same individual. In addition, several cases of H. pylori-negative gastritis were found. Among these individuals, there was an enrichment of Paludibacter, Dialister, Streptococcus, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Treponema. These remarkable findings suggest the major role of gastric microbiota in the development of gastroduodenal diseases and led us to the hypothesis that H. pylori might not be the only gastric pathogen. The gastric microbiota point of view of disease development should lead to a more comprehensive consideration of this relationship.
The effects of nano-curcumin supplementation on adipokines levels in obese and overweight patients with migraine: a double blind clinical trial study
Authors: Sedighiyan Mohsen , Abdolahi Mina , Jafari Elham , Vahabi Zahra , Sohrabi Athar Sara , Hadavi Shima , Narimani Zamanabadi Mahnaz , Yekaninejad Mir-Saeed , Djalali Mahmoud 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nano-curcumin supplementation on adipokines levels and clinical signs in obese and overweight patients with migraine.

Results
Forty-four patients with episodic migraine participated in this clinical trial and were divided into two groups nano-curcumin (80 mg/day) and the control group over 2-month period. At the baseline and the end of the research, the serum levels of MCP-1, Resistin, and Visfatin were measured using the ELISA method. In addition, the headache attack frequencies, severity, and duration of pain were recorded. The results of the present study showed that nano-curcumin can significantly reduce MCP-1 serum levels in the nano-curcumin supplemented group (P = 0.015, size effect = 13.4%). In the case of resistin and visfatin, nano-curcumin supplementation exerted no statistically significant changes in serum levels (P > 0.05). Nano-curcumin also significantly reduced the attack frequencies, severity, and duration of headaches (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that targeting curcumin can be a promising approach to migraine management. However, further comprehensive human trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Trial Registration
This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with ID number: IRCT20160626028637N2 on the date 2020-07-10.
$M_{\varphi}M_{\psi}$-convexity and separation theorems
Authors: Bombardelli Mea , Varošanec Sanja 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA characterization of pairs of functions that can be separated by an $M_{\varphi}M_{\psi}$

M
φ

M
ψ

-convex function and related results are obtained. Also, a Hyers–Ulam stability result for $M_{\varphi}M_{\psi}$

M
φ

M
ψ

-convex functions is given.
Some inequalities and numerical results estimating error of approximation for tensor product kind bivariate quantum beta-type operators and pertaining to GBS variant
Authors: Özkan Esma Yıldız 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigate some inequalities estimating the error of approximation for new defined tensor product kind quantum beta-type operators on rectangular regions, and we give an inequality in weighted mean. Moreover, we introduce generalized Boolean sum (GBS) operators pertaining to tensor product kind bivariate quantum beta-type operators, and we also give inequalities estimating the error of approximation for GBS variant concerning the mixed modulus of continuity for Bögel continuous and Bögel differentiable functions, respectively. Finally, we present some applications illustrating numerical results of approximation errors with the help of Maple software.
Continuous refinements of some Jensen-type inequalities via strong convexity with applications
Authors: Nikolova Ludmila , Persson Lars-Erik , Varošanec Sanja 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper we prove new continuous refinements of some Jensen type inequalities in both direct and reversed forms. As applications we also derive some continuous refinements of Hermite–Hadamard, Hölder, and Popoviciu type inequalities. As particular cases we point out the corresponding results for sums and integrals showing that our results contain both several well-known but also some new results for these special cases.
Taking the time for range testing: an approach to account for temporal resolution in acoustic telemetry detection range assessments
Authors: Goossens Jolien , Buyse Jolien , Bruneel Stijn , Verhelst Pieterjan , Goethals Peter , Torreele Els , Moens Tom , Reubens Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn acoustic telemetry studies, detection range is usually evaluated as the relationship between the probability of detecting an individual transmission and the distance between the transmitter and receiver. When investigating animal presence, however, few detections will suffice to establish an animal’s presence within a certain time frame. In this study, we assess detection range and its impacting factors with a novel approach aimed towards studies making use of binary presence/absence metrics. The probability of determining presence of an acoustic transmitter within a certain time frame is calculated as the probability of detecting a set minimum number of transmissions within that time frame. We illustrate this method for hourly and daily time bins with an extensive empirical dataset of sentinel transmissions and detections in a receiver array in a Belgian offshore wind farm.ResultsThe accuracy and specificity of over 84% for both temporal resolutions showed the developed approach performs adequately. Using this approach, we found important differences in the predictive performance of distinct hypothetical range testing scenarios. Finally, our results demonstrated that the probability of determining presence over distance to a receiver did not solely depend on environmental and technical conditions, but would also relate to the temporal resolution of the analysis, the programmed transmitting interval and the movement behaviour of the tagged animal. The probability of determining presence differed distinctly from a single transmission’s detectability, with an increase of up to 266 m for the estimated distance at 50% detection probability (D50).ConclusionWhen few detections of multiple transmissions suffice to ascertain presence within a time bin, predicted range differs distinctly from the probability of detecting a single transmission within that time bin. We recommend the use of more rigorous range testing methodologies for acoustic telemetry applications where the assessment of detection range is an integral part of the study design, the data analysis and the interpretation of results.
The biology of YAP in programmed cell death
Authors: Cheng Yifan , Mao Misha , Lu Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the last few decades, YAP has been shown to be critical in regulating tumor progression. YAP activity can be regulated by many kinase cascade pathways and proteins through phosphorylation and promotion of cytoplasmic localization. Other factors can also affect YAP activity by modulating its binding to different transcription factors (TFs). Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled suicide process present with the scope of eliminating cells unnecessary or detrimental for the proper development of the organism. In some specific states, PCD is activated and facilitates the selective elimination of certain types of tumor cells. As a candidate oncogene correlates with many regulatory factors, YAP can inhibit or induce different forms of PCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and pyroptosis. Furthermore, YAP may act as a bridge between different forms of PCD, eventually leading to different outcomes regarding tumor development. Researches on YAP and PCD may benefit the future development of novel treatment strategies for some diseases. Therefore, in this review, we provide a general overview of the cellular functions of YAP and the relationship between YAP and PCD.
Integrative taxonomy on the rare sky-island Ligidium species from southwest China (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Ligiidae)
Authors: Wang Jin , Yang Jingbo , Zeng Xuegang , Li Weichun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe sky-islandLigidiumspecies fauna in southwest China is poorly known. Before this study, six of the seven sky-island species of the genus were known to be endemic to southwest China. In morphology,Ligidiumspecies are often difficult to identify, and an appraisal of integrative taxonomy is needed.ResultsWe integrated morphology and molecular analyses to delimitLigidiumspecies. Molecular species delimitation based on distance- and evolutionary models recovered seven-candidate lineages from five gene markers (COI, 12S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and NAK). We also estimated that the species divergences of sky-islandLigidiumin southwest China started in late Eocene (40.97 Mya) to middle Miocene (15.19 Mya).Four new species (L. duospinatumLi, sp. nov.,L. acuminatumLi, sp. nov.,L. rotundumLi, sp. nov. andL. tridentatumLi, sp. nov.) are described. Morphological confusion amongL. denticulatumShen, 1949,L. inermeNunomura & Xie, 2000 andL. sichuanenseNunomura, 2002 is clarified by integrative taxonomy.ConclusionThis work confirms that an integrative approach toLigidiumtaxonomy is fundamental for objective classification, and deduced the uplift of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the late Eocene and middle Miocene as one of the principal reasons for the species divergences of sky-islandLigidiumin southwest China. We also inferred that sky-island mountains have a huge reserve of higherLigidiumspecies diversity.
Experience on the first national anti-TB drug resistance survey (DRS) in Timor-Leste
Authors: Lopes Constantino , Kundu Debashish , Da Costa Barreto Ismael , da Cruz Bernardino , Siva Kumar S. , Ramalingam Sureshbabu , Dean Anna S. , Bhatia Vineet , Seenivasan Prabhu , Padmapriyadarsini C. , Auguet Olga Tosas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
A national drug resistance survey (DRS) was implemented for the first time in Timor-Leste (TL) in 2019. The primary objective of the survey was to assess the prevalence of drug resistance among new and previously treated pulmonary TB patients in the country.

Methods
This nation-wide cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 targeting all new and previously treated sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients. Sputum samples were submitted to the National TB Reference Laboratory for confirmation of TB and to determine resistance to rifampicin by Xpert MTB/RIF. Culture was performed on solid media, and culture isolates of confirmed TB cases were shipped to the WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory in Chennai, India for whole genome sequencing (WGS). Survey summary statistics, data cross-tabulations and analysis of potential risk factors of rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) were conducted using R statistical software (version 3.5.2).

Results
A total of 953 sputum-smear positive patients were enrolled, of which 917 were confirmed as positive for TB by either Xpert MTB/RIF or culture. An electronic web-based system was used for entry and storage of the data. Rifampicin resistance was detected among 0.6% (95% CI 0.2–1.3) of new cases and 2.7% (95% CI 0.5- 8.2) of previously treated cases. WGS was conducted for validation purposes on 65 randomly selected isolates (29% of RR-TB (2/7) and 7% of RS-TB (63/910) by Xpert MTB/RIF or pDST). The original test results agreed with the WGS validation results for 62/64 isolates (97%).

Conclusion
The prevalence of RR-TB in Timor-Leste is relatively low compared to the estimated proportions of RR-TB in the WHO South-East Asia Region (2.5% [95% CI 1.9–3.3] among new cases and 14% [95% CI 7.7–21] among previously treated cases). The rapid sputum collection and transportation mechanism implemented in the survey demonstrates its feasibility in low resource settings and should be replicated for routinely transporting TB specimens from microscopy labs to GeneXpert sites. Establishment of in-country capacity for rapid molecular diagnostics for both first- and second-line DST is an immediate need for achieving universal drug susceptibility testing (DST) to guide appropriate patient management.
Anatomical variants in prostatic artery embolization in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Basiouny Khaled Essam Basiouny Elsayed , Ghazi Mohamed Shaker , Niazi Gamal-eldine Mohamed , Allam Allam Elsayed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most prevalent benign tumor in aged men, and its prevalence is rising with age reaching 8% in the fourth decade of life and up to 90% in the ninth decade. PAE has long been considered as a safe and effective minimally invasive therapy option for individuals with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms caused by prostatic hypertrophy. Because of the varying degrees of atherosclerosis seen in the elderly, PAE is generally a difficult treatment that necessitates a particular amount of knowledge of anatomy and a specific set of abilities. It is critical to emphasize anatomical information about PA that is required for a successful PAE, as well as radiation exposure factors that can be helpful in such a protracted treatment. This thesis provides a pictorial review of PA anatomy and prevalence of related anatomical variants, besides additional anatomical and radiation dosage concerns, and knows the important effect of the anastomosis on non-target embolization as in our study we included large number of cases (83 patients) to cover all types of variations and different types of anastomosis all were covered.

Results
A total of 83 patients (166 sides) were analyzed. Double arterial supply on the same side was noted in 1 patient (1.2%). In 3 patients (3.6%), only a unilateral PA was identified. PA origin frequencies were computed. Penile, rectal, vesical anastomoses, and anastomosis with the other side were identified with 7 (8.4%), 3 (3.6%), 2 (2.4%), and 8 (9.6%) of PAs, respectively. Mean skin radiation dose was 479 mGy.

Conclusions
When treating BPH with PAE, understanding PA anatomy is critical for achieving the best results. The anatomy of the PA is critical for preventing non-target embolization and is directly related to the correct identification of the anatomical pattern of the prostate arteries, and we should also take into account the presence of contralateral anastomoses; it is possible to achieve both prostate lobes through catheterization of the prostatic artery on only one side.
SARS COV-2 and other viral etiology as a possible clue for the olfactory dilemma
Authors: Mansour Ossama I. , Taha Mohamed Shehata , Mahmoud Mohammad Salah , Ezzat Waleed Farag , Askoura Anas , Allam Mohamed Farouk , Girgis Samia Abdo , Omran Azza , Agwa Sara Hassan , Mohamed Mohamed Naguib 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Post-viral anosmia is responsible for more than 40% of cases of anosmia. Anosmia has been a neglected symptom in the primary healthcare setting until the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection highlighted new atypical symptoms of the disease, including anosmia, which has become one of the diagnostic symptoms of the disease, and epidemiological concern. We aimed to detect the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection within patients presented with anosmia and to test for other respiratory viruses in the negative COVID-19 patients. We also detected the recovery of anosmia and IgM/IgG against COVID-19. We prospectively included 60 outpatients with the major complaint of anosmia. Nasopharyngeal swabs were done for SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR, and if negative, PCR to other respiratory pathogens was tested. After one month, we inquired about the recovery of smell loss together with testing for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

Results
Sixty patients were enrolled in the study. Forty-six patients (76.7%) were SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive and 14 (23.3%) were negative. Rhinovirus was the commonest isolated pathogen in the negative cases (5/14). Complete recovery of anosmia occurred in 34 patients (56.7%), while partial recovery in 24 (40.0%), and no recovery in 2 patients (3.3%). The median time to complete recovery was 10 days. 28.3% (13/46) of the patients showed negative antibody response for both IgG and IgM.

Conclusions
Sudden-onset anosmia is a symptom that is highly predictive of being COVID-19-infected. While recovery is expected within 2 weeks, some patients have no antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
Disease Models & Mechanisms helps move heart failure to heart success
Authors: Hooper Kirsty , Hmeljak Julija 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Heart failure affects ∼64 million people worldwide, resulting in high morbidity, mortality and societal cost. Current treatment strategies are primarily geared at slowing the progression to an advanced disease state, but do not reverse or cure heart failure. A more comprehensive understanding of the underlying biology and development of preclinical models of this heterogeneous group of disorders will improve diagnosis and treatment. Here, we summarise recent preclinical and translational research in this area published in Disease Models & Mechanisms. We also discuss how our Journal is propelling this field forward by launching a Special Issue and ongoing subject collection, ‘Moving Heart Failure to Heart Success: Mechanisms, Regeneration & Therapy’.