bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación del ambiente educacional en residentes de oftalmología durante la pandemia por COVID-19.
Authors: Bayram Suverza Mauricio , León-Luna Ariadna 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has conditioned changes in the clinical and surgical experience during medical specialty training programs.
The clinical environments questionnaires inform about the perception of the student with respect to their autonomy, teaching and social support. PHEEM (Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure) is considered the most suitable instrument for examining the educational environment in postgraduate medical training programs.
Material and methods: The PHEEM questionnaire was used to evaluate the educational environment in ophthalmology residents of Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI
Results: The classification obtained with respect to the total climate was 93.9 points, which classifies it in the group of more positive than negative perception. There were no important gender differences. First-year residents had a more positive perception.
Conclusion: The result of the questionnaire indicates a more positive than negative perception of the educational enviroment, with possibilities for improvement. The periodic evaluation in search of constant improvement in the educational environment will allow a better training of specialists.
Introducción: La pandemia ocasionada por COVID-19 ha condicionado cambios en la experiencia clínica y quirúrgica durante la formación en la especialidad médica.
Los cuestionarios sobre ambientes clínicos (posgrados) se ocupan de la percepción del estudiante con respecto a su autonomía, enseñanza y apoyo social. PHEEM (Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure) se considera el instrumento más adecuado para examinar los entornos educativos en la formación médica de posgrado.
Material y métodos: Se utilizó el cuestionario PHEEM para evaluar el ambiente educacional en residentes de oftalmología del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI.
Resultados: La clasificación obtenida con respecto al clima total fue de 93.9 puntos, lo que la clasifica en el grupo de percepción más positiva que negativa. No hubo diferencias importantes por género. Los residentes de primer año tuvieron una percepción más positiva.
Conclusión: El resultado del cuestionario indica una percepción del AE más positiva que negativa, con posibilidades para mejorar. La evaluación de forma periódica en búsqueda constante mejoría en al ambiente educacional permitirá una mejor formación de especialistas.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Practice and the Acceptance and Attitude of Indian Dental Professionals towards COVID-19 Vaccine – A Cross- Sectional Observational Survey
Authors: Vashisht Ruchi , Wadhawa Bhavita , Goyal Ashima , Shrivastava Richa , Jolly Satnam Singh , Brar Prabhleen K. 
Published: April 2022

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the acceptance, accessibility, experiences, side effects and attitude of dental professionals after administration of the vaccine and their perspective regarding the effect of COVID-19 on dental practice and patient education.
Materials and Methods: This survey is based on the questionnaire that was conducted among Indian dentists. The survey included questions that evaluated dentist’s opinion on COVID-19 vaccination, their acceptance, knowledge, attitude and side effects experienced if any post vaccination and also their perspective regarding the effect of COVID-19 on dental practice and patient education.
Results: Overall 155 dentists contributed to this study (51% general dentists & 49% specialists). 85% of the dentists opted for COVID-19 vaccination, however 56% of them were concerned about the side effects of the vaccine. Fever (21%) and pain at the injection site (20%) were the most prevalent side effects after the vaccine .As far as modifications done in daily practice, only 8% cases were being done considering them as most urgent.
Conclusion: Dental professionals are the reliable source of health information, their acceptance or rejection to COVID-19 vaccine can influence the general population’s uptake of COVID-19 Vaccine.
Testing awareness in focal seizures: Clinical practice and interpretation of current guidelines
Authors: Contreras Ramirez Violeta , Vaddiparti Aparna , Blumenfeld Hal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of focal seizures uses recall of experiences post‐ictally to assess for awareness and not ictal responsiveness to external stimuli, stating that responsiveness is often not tested. We investigated how clinicians assess for seizure awareness by administering an online survey. We found that most respondents use both responsiveness and recall to assess for awareness in the clinic (78%) and in the epilepsy monitoring unit (72%). Furthermore, 60% of respondents believe that the ILAE recommends using both measures. Given our results, we believe that using both responsiveness and recall would provide a more practical classification of impaired consciousness in focal seizures.
Imagination and the prosocial personality: Mapping the effect of episodic simulation on helping across prosocial traits
Authors: Campbell Dylan , Tusche Anita , Bo O'Connor Brendan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrior work suggests that imagining helping others increases prosocial intentions and behavior toward those individuals. But is this true for everyone, or only for those who tend toward—or away from—helping more generally? The current study (N = 283) used an imagined helping paradigm and a battery of behavioral and self‐report measures of trait prosociality to determine whether the prosocial benefits of imagination depend upon an individual's general tendency to help others. Replicating prior work, we found links between imagination and prosociality and support for a three‐factor model of prosociality comprising altruistically, norm‐motivated, and self‐reported prosocial behaviors. Centrally, the effects of imagination on prosociality were slightly larger forlessaltruistic individuals but independent of norm‐motivated and self‐reported prosociality. These results suggest leveraging people's abilities for episodic simulation as a promising strategy for increasing prosociality in general, and perhaps particularly for those least likely to help otherwise.
Duo Cadherin‐Functionalized Microparticles Synergistically Induce Chondrogenesis and Cartilage Repair of Stem Cell Aggregates
Authors: Wang Xueping , Xu Xingquan , Zhang Yan , An Xueying , Zhang Xue , Chen Guoqiang , Jiang Qing , Yang Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSC) aggregates incorporated with microparticles of functional materials have shown promising prospects in the field of cell therapy for cartilage repair. Given the importance of cadherins in modulating the stemness and chondrogenesis of MSCs, the use of transforming growth factorβ1 (TGFβ1)‐loaded poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)‐based composite microparticles inspired by duo cadherin (human E‐ and N‐cadherin fusion proteins) to construct a bioartificial stem cell niche in engineered human MSC (hMSC) aggregates to promote chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration is proposed. The hE/N‐cadherin‐functionalized PLGA/chitosan‐heparin‐TGFβ1 (Duo hE/N‐cad@P/C‐h‐TGFβ1) microparticles spatiotemporally upregulates the endogenous E/N‐cadherin expression of hMSC aggregates which further amplifies the chondrogenic differentiation and modulate paracrine and anti‐inflammatory functions of hMSCs toward constructing a favorable microenvironment for chondrogenesis. The Duo hE/N‐cad@P/C‐h‐TGFβ1 microparticles finely regulate the response of hMSCs to biochemical and mechanical signal stimuli in the microenvironment through the cadherin/catenin‐Yes‐associated protein signal transduction, which inhibits the hypertrophy of hMSC‐derived chondrocytes. Furthermore, immunofluorescent and histological examinations show that the Duo hE/N‐cad@P/C‐h‐TGFβ1 microparticles significantly improve regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone in vivo. Together, the application of duo cadherin‐functionalized microparticles is considered an innovative material‐wise approach to exogenously activate hMSC aggregates for functional applications in regenerative medicine.
Two‐Photon Small‐Molecule Fluorogenic Probes for Visualizing Endogenous Nitroreductase Activities from Tumor Tissues of a Cancer Patient
Authors: Yu Changmin , Wang Shuangxi , Xu Chenchen , Ding Yang , Zhang Gaobin , Yang Naidi , Wu Qiong , Xiao Qicai , Wang Limin , Fang Bin , Pu Chibin , Ge Jingyan , Gao Liqian , Li Lin , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNitroreductase (NTR), a common enzymatic biomarker of hypoxia, is widely used to evaluate tumor microenvironments. To date, numerous optical probes have been reported for NTRs detection. Approaches capable of concisely guiding the probe design of NTRs suitable for deep‐tissue imaging, however, are still lacking. As such, direct optical imaging of endogenous NTR activities from tumors derived from cancer patients is thus far not possible. Herein, aided by computational calculations, the authors have successfully developed a series of two‐photon (TP) small‐molecule fluorogenic probes capable of sensitively detecting general NTR activities from various biological samples; by optimizing the distance between the recognition moiety and the reactive site of NTRs from different sources, the authors have discovered and experimentally proven that X4 displays the best performance in both sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, X4 shows excellent TP excited fluorescence properties capable of directly monitoring/imaging endogenous NTR activities from live mammalian cells, growing zebrafish, and tumor‐bearing mice. Finally, with an outstanding TP tissue‐penetrating imaging property, X4 is used, for the first time, to successfully detect endogenous NTR activities from the liver lysates and cardia tissues of a cancer patient. The work may provide a universal strategy to design novel TP small‐molecule enzymatic probes in future clinical applications.
Structural Dynamics and Tunability for Colloidal Tin Halide Perovskite Nanostructures
Authors: Gahlot Kushagra , de Graaf Sytze , Duim Herman , Nedelcu Georgian , Koushki Razieh M. , Ahmadi Majid , Gavhane Dnyaneshwar , Lasorsa Alessia , De Luca Oreste , Rudolf Petra , van der Wel Patrick C. A. , Loi Maria A. , Kooi Bart J. , Portale Giuseppe , Calbo Joaquín , Protesescu Loredana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLead halide perovskite nanocrystals are highly attractive for next‐generation optoelectronics because they are easy to synthesize and offer great compositional and morphological tunability. However, the replacement of lead by tin for sustainability reasons is hampered by the unstable nature of Sn2+ oxidation state and by an insufficient understanding of the chemical processes involved in the synthesis. Here, an optimized synthetic route is demonstrated to obtain stable, tunable, and monodisperse CsSnI3 nanocrystals, exhibiting well‐defined excitonic peaks. Similar to lead halide perovskites, these nanocrystals are prepared by combining a precursor mixture of SnI2, oleylamine, and oleic acid, with a Cs‐oleate precursor. Among the products, nanocrystals with 10 nm lateral size in the γ‐orthorhombic phase prove to be the most stable. To achieve such stability, an excess of precursor SnI2 as well as substoichiometric Sn:ligand ratios are key. Structural, compositional, and optical investigations complemented by first‐principle density functional theory calculations confirm that nanocrystal nucleation and growth follow the formation of (R‐NH3+)2SnI4 nanosheets, with R = C18H35. Under specific synthetic conditions, stable mixtures of 3D nanocrystals CsSnI3 and 2D nanosheets (Ruddlesden–Popper (R‐NH3+)2Csn−1SnnI3n+1 with n > 1) are obtained. These results set a path to exploiting the high potential of Sn halide perovskite nanocrystals for opto‐electronic applications.
Multifunctional and Mechanically Robust Porous Diamond with Large Electroactive Surfaces via Electrically Conductive and Insulating Templates for 3D Electrode Applications
Authors: Ashcheulov Petr , Hák Ondřej , Sedláková Silvia , Taylor Andrew , Baluchová Simona , Schwarzová‐Pecková Karolina , Davydova Marina , Kopeček Jaromír , Klimša Ladislav , Vondráček Martin , Honolka Jan , Mortet Vincent 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHighly functional 3D biological systems, which are ordinary in this physical world, suggest that traditional planar/flat materials when assembled into 3D variants, can deliver significantly higher levels of functionality and efficiency. Thanks to its set of unique properties, diamond has received significant recognition as the material of choice for a variety of functional platforms, however, implementation of diamond in real‐world applications has lagged behind alternative materials, which offer a greater degree of versatility. In this regard, for applications to benefit from diamond‐specific properties, approaches on fabrication of diamond beyond the common planar form in a practical and scalable manner are required today. Capitalizing on the ability to synthesize diamond over large areas, this study demonstrates fabrication of porous boron‐doped diamond (BDD) in freestanding form and on wafer‐compatible sizes. Porous BDD electrodes deliver robust electrochemical stability and exceptional electrical characteristics. Aiming to utilize the full potential of diamond properties, this study examines the impact of the BDD porous structure on the ability of electrodes to effectively remove organic pollutants from simulated wastewater and to provide enhanced sensitivity/selectivity of biologically active compounds. This study represents an important step in achieving diamond with extended functionality suitable for industrial/commercial scale implementation.
Solution‐Processed h‐BN Film as an Alignment Layer for Liquid Crystal Devices: Realization of a Non‐Polymer Approach for Unidirectional Alignment over Unprecedentedly Large Areas
Authors: Pisharody Gayathri Ramachandra , Sahoo Priyabrata , Rao Doddamane Sreenivasamurthy Shankar , Matte Hema Sundara Siva Ramakrishna , Prasad Subbarao Krishna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFabrication of liquid crystal devices heavily relies on the alignment layer providing the mandatory unidirectional orientation of the nematic molecules. Drawbacks of the traditional mechanically rubbed polymer layer have prompted to find better alternatives. However, cost‐effective methods for large‐area unidirectional alignment are still elusive. The latest attempt has been to use 2D materials deposited through the well‐known chemical vapor deposition process, invariably inviting all the associated complexities including high‐temperature processing, cumbersome transfer onto the required substrate, etc. Most importantly, the achieved domain size over which the nematic molecules exhibit unidirectional planar orientation, has been too small (sub‐mm2) for employable devices. Here, the authors present a room temperature solution process for obtaining h‐BN dispersion and directly depositing it as a film on the device substrate using the electrophoretic technique. The achieved layer far surpasses the size limitation mentioned above, resulting in unidirectional LC orientation over at least 4 cm2 and promising for much larger areas with the electrical and electro‐optic switching performance being comparable to an industry‐standard device. The success of this simpler method establishes 2D materials as strong contenders for achieving non‐contact LC alignment and, in a broader sense, brings the much‐needed impetus to explore new horizons for solution‐processed devices.
Remarkable Stability Improvement with a High‐Performance PEALD‐IZO/IGZO Top‐Gate Thin‐Film Transistor via Modulating Dual‐Channel Effects
Authors: Kim Yoon‐Seo , Lee Won‐Bum , Oh Hye‐Jin , Hong TaeHyun , Park Jin‐Seong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD)‐based bilayer IZO (back channel)/IGZO top‐gate thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with different IZO and IGZO layer thicknesses are fabricated to evaluate the correlation between thickness and electrical characteristics/reliability caused by dual‐channel modulation. The dual‐channel formed by IZO stacked on the backchannel improves both mobility and reliability of devices as the IZO layer thickness increases. In the TCAD simulation, as the thickness of IZO increases, the current flowing through the IZO channel among the dual channels increases and the main channel transition from IGZO to IZO occurs above a certain IZO layer thickness. The main channel transition to IZO, which has high mobility and is located in the backchannel away from the gate insulator (GI), leads to a mobility increase with a lower threshold voltage (Vth) shift and a remarkable improvement of reliability deteriorated by the GI. As a result, PEALD‐based IZO/IGZO TG TFTs exhibit both high mobility (≈40 cm2 V−1 s−1) and high stability (ΔVth = ‐0.07 V) of a positive bias temperature stress up to 10 800 s. This suggests that ALD‐based dual‐channel regulation by nanoscale thickness control of the stacking oxide semiconductor can overcome the trade‐off between mobility and reliability.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Oxidation of Diazenyl‐Protected Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Isoindolines for the Synthesis of Functionalized Lactams
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Yanhong , Wang Bin , Jin Weiwei , Xia Yu , Liu Chenjiang , Zhang Yonghong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA visible‐light‐induced oxidation of diazenyl‐protected tetrahydroisoquinolines and isoindolines for the synthesis of structurally diverse lactams is developed. The reaction was carried out with Eosin Y‐Na2 as an organic photocatalyst and molecular oxygen as an oxidant, and the desired functionalized N‐aryldiazenyl‐lactams were obtained under mild and transition metal‐free conditions. The utility of this method is showcased by the gram‐scale synthesis and deprotection of the N‐aryldiazenyl‐lactam product.magnified image
Plastic Monolithic Mixed‐Conducting Interlayer for Dendrite‐Free Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Xiong Bing‐Qing , Chen Shunqiang , Luo Xuan , Nian Qingshun , Zhan Xiaowen , Wang Chengwei , Ren Xiaodi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) hold a critical role in enabling high‐energy‐density and safe rechargeable batteries with Li metal anode. Unfortunately, nonuniform lithium deposition and dendrite penetration due to poor interfacial solid–solid contact are hindering their practical applications. Here, solid‐state lithium naphthalenide (Li‐Naph(s)) is introduced as a plastic monolithic mixed‐conducting interlayer (PMMCI) between the garnet electrolyte and the Li anode via a facile cold process. The thin PMMCI shows a well‐ordered layered crystalline structure with excellent mixed‐conducting capability for both Li+ (4.38 × 10–3 S cm–1) and delocalized electrons (1.01 × 10–3 S cm–1). In contrast to previous composite interlayers, this monolithic material enables an intrinsically homogenous electric field and Li+ transport at the Li/garnet interface, thus significantly reducing the interfacial resistance and achieving uniform and dendrite‐free Li anode plating/stripping. As a result, Li symmetric cells with the PMMCI‐modified garnet electrolyte show highly stable cycling for 1200 h at 0.2 mA cm–2 and 500 h at a high current density of 1 mA cm–2. The findings provide a new interface design strategy for solid‐state batteries using monolithic mixed‐conducting interlayers.
Relationship between yield and lodging traits of maize under different planting densities
Authors: Jiang Long , Zhang Jingzhe , Chen Dinayuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is one of the main food crops in China but the problems with lodging have seriously affected the quality and production. In this study, lodging resistant and density tolerant varieties of maize were screened. The relationships between rind penetration strength (RPS), stalk breaking strength (SBS), and yield under two different planting densities were studied. Eight hybrid combinations were set up under the planting densities of 75,000 and 90,000 plants ha–2 and their effects on yield were determined with a regression equation method. The results showed that density had a greater effect on yield through its effect on lodging rate. Finally, high‐yielding maize varieties JKY143 and JKY182 with stronger planting density tolerance were selected to provide reference points and technical support for maize‐breeding programs focusing on plant density tolerance and lodging resistance.
Longitudinal changes in cerebral blood flow and their relation with cognitive decline in patients with dementia: Current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Weijs Ralf W.J. , Shkredova Daria A. , Brekelmans Anna C.M. , Thijssen Dick H.J. , Claassen Jurgen A.H.R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe pathophysiology underlying cognitive decline is multifactorial, with increasing literature suggesting a role for cerebrovascular health. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important element of cerebrovascular health, which raises questions regarding the relation between CBF and cognitive decline. Cross‐sectional studies demonstrate lower CBF in patients with cognitive decline compared to healthy age‐matched peers. Remarkably, longitudinal studies do not support a link between CBF reductions and cognitive decline. These studies, however, are often limited by small sample sizes and may therefore be underpowered to detect small effect sizes. Therefore, through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies, we examined whether longitudinal changes in global CBF are related to cognitive decline in subjects with Alzheimer's disease, and qualitatively described findings on regional CBF. Considering the growing impact of dementia and the lack of treatment options, it is important to understand the role of CBF as a prognostic biomarker and/or treatment target in dementia.
Manganese‐Catalysed Deuterium Labelling of Anilines and Electron‐Rich (Hetero)Arenes
Authors: Bourriquen Florian , Rockstroh Nils , Bartling Stephan , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is a constant need for deuterium‐labelled products for multiple applications in life sciences and beyond. Here, a new class of heterogeneous catalysts is reported for practical deuterium incorporation in anilines, phenols, and heterocyclic substrates. The optimal material can be conveniently synthesised and allows for high deuterium incorporation using deuterium oxide as isotope source. This new catalyst has been fully characterised and successfully applied to the labelling of natural products as well as marketed drugs.
Promising Deep‐Ultraviolet Birefringent Materials via Rational Design and Assembly of Planar π‐Conjugated [B(OH)3] and [B3O3(OH)3] Functional Species
Authors: Jiao Jiahao , Cheng Meng , Yang Rong , Yan Yuchen , Zhang Min , Zhang Fangfang , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBirefringent materials play a significant role in modulating polarized light in optical communication and the laser industry. However, the discovery of deep ultraviolet (DUV,λ<200 nm) birefringent materials still faces a serious challenge. Herein, we propose hydroxylated π‐conjugated [B(OH)3] and [B3O3(OH)3] units for designing DUV birefringent materials. Innovatively, four new hydroxyborates have been synthesized under mild synthesis conditions. They present four novel pseudo layers that benefit from the large degree of freedom assembly modes of [B(OH)3] and [B3O3(OH)3] genes and large birefringence (0.057–0.123@532 nm). Moreover, the Cs3[B(OH)3]2Cl3crystal features a short DUV cutoff edge (180 nm), which further indicates that the reported compounds are potential DUV birefringent crystals. Free and flexible assembly modes of π‐conjugated [B(OH)3] and [B3O3(OH)3] groups endow them a particular advantage as significant genes for exploring promising DUV birefringent materials.