bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disrupting networks of hate: characterising hateful networks and removing critical nodes
Authors: Alorainy Wafa , Burnap Pete , Liu Han , Williams Matthew , Giommoni Luca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHateful individuals and groups have increasingly been using the Internet to express their ideas, spread their beliefs and recruit new members. Understanding the network characteristics of these hateful groups could help understand individuals’ exposure to hate and derive intervention strategies to mitigate the dangers of such networks by disrupting communications. This article analyses two hateful followers’ networks and three hateful retweet networks of Twitter users who post content subsequently classified by human annotators as containing hateful content. Our analysis shows similar connectivity characteristics between the hateful followers networks and likewise between the hateful retweet networks. The study shows that the hateful networks exhibit higher connectivity characteristics when compared to other “risky” networks, which can be seen as a risk in terms of the likelihood of exposure to, and propagation of, online hate. Three network performance metrics are used to quantify the hateful content exposure and contagion: giant component (GC) size, density and average shortest path. In order to efficiently identify nodes whose removal reduced the flow of hate in a network, we propose a range of structured node-removal strategies and test their effectiveness. Results show that removing users with a high degree is most effective in reducing the hateful followers network connectivity (GC, size and density), and therefore reducing the risk of exposure to cyberhate and stemming its propagation.
A sharp Bernstein–type inequality and application to the Carleson embedding theorem with matrix weights
Authors: Kraus Daniela , Moucha Annika , Roth Oliver 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe prove a sharp Bernstein-type inequality for complex polynomials which are positive and satisfy a polynomial growth condition on the positive real axis. This leads to an improved upper estimate in the recent work of Culiuc and Treil (Int. Math. Res. Not. 2019: 3301–3312, 2019) on the weighted martingale Carleson embedding theorem with matrix weights. In the scalar case this new upper bound is optimal.
On approximation of functions by rational functions in weighted generalized grand Smirnov classes
Authors: Jafarov Sadulla Z. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLetGbe a doubly connected domain in the complex plane$$\mathbb {C}$$C, bounded by Ahlfors 1-regular curves. In this study the approximation of the functions by Faber–Laurent rational functions in the$$\omega $$ω-weighted generalized grand Smirnov classes$$\mathcal {E}^{p),\theta }(G,\omega )$$Ep),θ(G,ω)in the term of therth$$,~r=1,2\ldots ,$$,r=1,2…,mean modulus of smoothness are investigated.
Psychological Interventions Prior to Cancer Surgery: a Review of Reviews
Authors: Grimmett Chloe , Heneka Nicole , Chambers Suzanne 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Patients with cancer who have high levels of psychological distress have poor treatment compliance and worse outcomes. This “review of reviews” provides a narrative synthesis of the impact of psychological prehabilitation interventions on individuals awaiting cancer surgery.

Recent Findings
Twenty reviews of prehabilitation with psychological interventions were identified. There is a trend towards improved psychological outcomes following intervention, particularly when psychologist-led. However, there was considerable heterogeneity within interventions, outcome measures, and timing of assessment precluding numeric synthesis. Methodological limitations including non-blinding, absence of stratification, and underpowered studies were also pervasive.

Summary
Providing psychological support early in the cancer pathway and prior to surgery has the potential to improve psychological health and outcomes. The application of existing knowledge in psycho-oncology, including distress screening, is needed in the prehabilitation setting. Consistent outcome assessments, accurate reporting of intervention components and delivery methods, and a consideration of effective systems and economical implementation strategies would facilitate advancements in this field.
Equilibrium stressability of multidimensional frameworks
Authors: Karpenkov Oleg , Müller Christian , Panina Gaiane , Servatius Brigitte , Servatius Herman , Siersma Dirk 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe prove an equilibrium stressability criterion for trivalent multidimensional frameworks. The criterion appears in different languages: (1) in terms of stress monodromies, (2) in terms of surgeries, (3) in terms of exact discrete 1-forms, and (4) in Cayley algebra terms.
Die Medienberichterstattung zur Vermögens- und Erbschaftsbesteuerung in Deutschland: eine korpuslinguistische Analyse
Authors: Theine Hendrik , Grisold Andrea 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag untersucht die Berichterstattung zur Vermögens- und Erbschaftsbesteuerung im frühen 21. Jahrhundert (2000 bis 2018) in sieben deutschen Tages- und Wochenzeitungen (Welt am Sonntag, Die Zeit, Der Spiegel, Die Welt, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Süddeutsche Zeitungundtaz).Der Artikel ist in der Tradition der Politischen Ökonomie der Medien verortet, die die mediale Verbreitung von Diskursen über gesellschaftliche Prozesse als konstitutiv auch für Präferenzen zu wirtschaftspolitischen Fragen ansieht. Medien geben nicht nur Informationen weiter, sondern tragen zur Konstruktion der sozialen Realität bei, indem die Diskurse in die Bevölkerung diffundieren. Internationale empirische Forschungen zur Medienberichterstattung über ökonomische Ungleichheit und die diesbezüglichen Umverteilungsmaßnahmen bilden die Grundlage der hier vorgestellten Studie.Die Analyse stützt sich auf Methoden der Korpuslinguistik und kommt zu vier zentralen Ergebnissen: erstens zeigt sich im Zeitverlauf, dass die Intensität der Berichterstattung von starken zeitlichen Schwankungen gekennzeichnet ist. Eine systematische Zunahme der Berichterstattung ist dabei aber nicht festzustellen, obwohl die Thematik im Kontext der stark ausgeprägten Vermögensungleichheit steht, deren verstärkte Debatte besteht. Der inhaltliche Fokus liegt zweitens auf der (partei)politischen Ebene, hat eine eindeutig monetäre Dimension, und lässt einen Zusammenhang mit gesellschaftspolitischen und wirtschaftlichen Diskursen, die im Kontext der Vermögens- und Erbschaftsbesteuerung stehen (z. B. ökonomische Ungleichheit, Umverteilungswirkungen usw.), auffällig wenig erkennen. Die Analyse einzelner, ausgewählter Zeiträume verstärkt drittens den Befund, dass die (partei)politische Ebene dabei im Vordergrund steht, da Kontroversen im politischen Raum und Reformdebatten die dominanten Anlässe der Berichterstattung darstellen. Viertens ergibt die Analyse der einzelnen Zeitungen, dass die Ausrichtung der Berichterstattung in allen Zeitungen durchaus ähnlich ausgerichtet ist; einige Differenzen ergeben sich hinsichtlich unternehmensbezogener Aspekte (Die Welt, Welt am SonntagundFAZ), Details zur Ausgestaltung der Steuern (Süddeutsche Zeitung) sowie dem Zusammenhang zwischen Erbschafts- und Vermögenssteuern mit Krisenentwicklungen und dem Klimawandel (taz).
Tetramethylpyrazine Retards the Progression and Fibrogenesis of Endometriosis
Authors: Huang Shenghui , Xiao Fengyi , Guo Sun-Wei , Zhang Tingting 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of more efficacious, non-hormonal therapeutics for endometriosis is still an unmet medical need begging to be fulfilled. Growing evidence indicates that endometriotic lesions are wounds undergoing repeated tissue injury and repair, and, as such, platelets play an important role in lesional progression. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a compound derived from a herb that has been used for thousands of years to combat “blood stasis” in traditional Chinese medicine, is a prescription drug in China for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. We tested the hypothesis that TMP can decelerate lesional progression through arresting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT), and fibrogenesis. We found in our in vitro experiments that TMP treatment suppresses platelet-induced EMT, FMT, cellular contractility, and collagen production in a concentration-dependent manner. We also showed that in a mouse model of endometriosis, treatment with TMP significantly reduced lesion weight and the extent of lesional fibrosis and improved hyperalgesia, mostly likely through the reduction of lesional aggregation of platelets and the lesional expression of markers of EMT, FMT, and fibrogenesis. In light of our results and in view of its excellent safety profiles, TMP appears to be a promising drug candidate for treating endometriosis.
Elastic stiffness estimation of aggregate–ITZ system of concrete through matrix porosity and volumetric considerations: explanation and exemplification
Authors: Revilla-Cuesta Víctor , Skaf Marta , Santamaría Amaia , Romera Jesús M. , Ortega-López Vanesa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The modulus of elasticity of a concrete depends on the elastic stiffness of both the cementitious matrix and the aggregate–ITZ system, which includes any slippage mechanisms under loading between the aggregate and the cementitious matrix within the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A procedure is presented in this paper to estimate the elastic stiffness of an aggregate–ITZ system within a cementitious matrix, by considering the relative volumes and the porosities of the concrete components. The method was validated by determining the elastic stiffness of both the limestone–ITZ and the electric arc furnace slag (EAFS)–ITZ systems when embedded in a slag-based cementitious matrix. The greater stiffness of the EAFS–ITZ system in comparison with the natural aggregate system explained the higher strength and modulus of elasticity of the concrete following additions of EAFS. Moreover, having determined those parameters, the elastic moduli of concretes with a similar cementitious matrix could then be accurately estimated.
Overview and risk factors for postcraniotomy surgical site infection: A four-year experience
Authors: Corsini Campioli Cristina , Challener Douglas , Comba Isin Y. , Shah Aditya , Wilson Walter R. , Sohail M. Rizwan , Van Gompel Jamie J. , O’Horo John C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Despite evidence favoring perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) use in patients undergoing craniotomy to reduce rates of surgical site infections (SSIs), standardized protocols are lacking. We describe demographic characteristics, risk factors, and ABP choice in patients with craniotomy complicated with SSI.

Design:
Retrospective case series from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2020.

Setting:
Tertiary-care referral center.

Patients:
Adults who underwent craniotomy and were diagnosed with an SSI.

Methods:
Logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to identify factors associated with SSIs.

Results:
In total, 5,328 patients undergoing craniotomy were identified during the study period; 59 (1.1%) suffered an SSI. Compared with non-SSI cases, patients with SSI had a significantly higher frequency of emergency procedures: 13.5% versus 5.8% (P = .02; odds ratio [OR], 2.52; 95% confidene interval [CI], 1.10–5.06; P = .031). Patients with SSI had a higher rate of a dirty (5.1% vs 0.9%) and lower rate of clean-contaminated (3.3% vs 14.5%) wound class than those without infection (P = .002). Nearly all patients received ABP before craniotomy (98.3% in the SSI group vs 99.6% in the non-SSI group; P = .10). Combination of vancomycin and cefazolin as dual therapy was more prevalent in the group of patients without infection (n = 1,761, 34.1%) than those with SSI (n = 4, 6.8%) (P < .001), associated with decreased odds for SSI (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.005–0.42; P ≤ .001).

Conclusions:
SSI are frequently seen after an emergent neurosurgical procedure and a dirty wound classification. Combination of prophylactic cefazolin and vancomycin is associated with decreased risk for SSI.
Taking the New Year's Resolution Test seriously: eliciting individuals’ judgements about self-control and spontaneity
Authors: Grubiak Kevin P. , Isoni Andrea , Sugden Robert , Wang Mengjie , Zheng Jiwei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSelf-control failure occurs when an individual experiences a conflict between immediate desires and longer-term goals, recognises psychological forces that hinder goal-directed action, tries to resist them but fails in the attempt. Behavioural economists often invoke assumptions about self-control failure to justify proposals for policy interventions. These arguments require workable methods for eliciting individuals’ goals and for verifying occurrences of self-control failure, but developing such methods confronts two problems. First, it is not clear that individuals’ goals are context-independent. Second, facing an actual conflict between a desire and a self-acknowledged goal, a person may consciously choose not to resist the desire, thinking that spontaneity is more important than self-control. We address these issues through an online survey that elicited individuals’ self-reported judgements about the relative importance of self-control and spontaneity in conflicts between enjoyment and health-related goals. To test for context-sensitivity, the judgement-elicitation questions were preceded by a memory recall task which directed participants’ attention either to the enjoyment of acting on desires or to the satisfaction of achieving goals. We found little evidence of context-sensitivity. In both treatments, however, judgements that favoured spontaneity were expressed with roughly the same frequency and strength as judgments that favoured self-control.
Carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in infants following an outbreak in the neonatal intensive care unit: time to clearance of carriage and use of molecular methods to detect colonization
Authors: Schechner Vered , Lellouche Jonathan , Stepansky Sarit , Mandel Dror , Grisaru-Soen Galia , Wullfhart Liat , Schwartz David , Carmeli Yehuda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmong 46 infants colonized with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium during an outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit, the estimated time until half had achieved clearance was 217 days. All 40 infants who completed follow-up cleared carriage by 1 year. No predictors of prolonged carriage (> 6 months) were identified.
Partisanship, Fiscal Transfers, and Social Spending in Korea: The Politics of Partial Decentralization
Authors: Ha Eunyoung , Lee Dong Wook 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the last three decades, many Asian democracies have decentralized their political systems to promote the democratic, equal, and efficient distribution of national resources across regions. Nonetheless, most of these countries, including South Korea, are still in a stage of “partial fiscal decentralization,” in which locally elected officials have spending authority, while a significant portion of their financing relies on transfers from the central government. This article argues that the decentralized distribution is significantly influenced by the partisan interests of central and local governments. The central government transfers more funds to local governments that their co-partisans govern, and local incumbents follow partisan policy priorities to obtain the allocation of available fiscal resources. This argument is strongly supported by the empirical analysis of subsidy transfers and regional social expenditures in South Korea from 2002 to 2015. First, we find that the central government in Korea transfers larger subsidies to politically aligned regions. Second, regional governments with larger subsidy transfers have higher levels of social expenditures. Third, governors or mayors affiliated with a progressive party spend significantly more on social welfare and education than do those affiliated with a conservative party.
Managing physical and virtual work environments during the COVID-19 pandemic: improving employee well-being and achieving mutual gains
Authors: Pinnington Ashly H. , Ayoko Oluremi B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractContemporary organisations continue to use flexible workspace configurations and increasingly are adopting more automated and intelligent digital systems to organise work. Workspace configurations have various forms and arrangements composed of the physical workspace (such as open-plan office spaces) and virtual workspace (e.g., teleworking). The aim of this Special Issue (SI) is to stimulate inquiry into the role of management, organisation and HRM in promoting mutual gains for employers and employees working in these environments. The essence of mutual gains is that HRM practices lead to greater employee well-being and increased employee performance, the latter being especially important to employers for achieving organisational goals. In ‘managing physical and virtual work environments during the Covid-19 pandemic’, we consider how work is organised in challenging physical and virtual workspace configurations as well as how people engage in activities that are paced and informed by automated and digital technologies. Our aim is to encourage exciting research on the role and implementation of management, organisation and HRM in physical and virtual workspace configurations, stimulate new scholarly discussions on the topic, and increase understanding of the application of new technology systems and tools. A specific objective of this SI is therefore to increase academic knowledge on the opportunities and challenges faced by employees working in different physical and virtual workspace conditions, and consider the consequences for employee well-being (Guest, 2017; Van De Voorde, Paauwe, & Van Veldhoven, 2012).
The non-thermal emission from the colliding-wind binary Apep
Authors: del Palacio S. , Benaglia P. , De Becker M. , Bosch-Ramon V. , Romero G. E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Therecently discovered massive binary system Apep is the most powerful synchrotron emitter among the known Galactic colliding-wind binaries. This makes this particular system of great interest to investigate stellar winds and the non-thermal processes associated with their shocks. This source was detected at various radio bands, and in addition the wind-collision region was resolved by means of very-long baseline interferometric observations. We use a non-thermal emission model for colliding-wind binaries to derive physical properties of this system. The observed morphology in the resolved maps allows us to estimate the system projection angle on the sky to be

$\psi \approx 85^\circ$

. The observed radio flux densities also allow us to characterise both the intrinsic synchrotron spectrum of the source and its modifications due to free–free absorption in the stellar winds at low frequencies; from this, we derive mass–loss rates of the stars of

$\dot{M}_\mathrm{WN} \approx 4\times10^{-5}\;\mathrm{M}_\odot\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$

and

$\dot{M}_\mathrm{WC} \approx 2.9\times10^{-5}\;\mathrm{M}_\odot\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$

. Finally, the broadband spectral energy distribution is calculated for different combinations of the remaining free parameters, namely the intensity of the magnetic field and the injected power in non-thermal particles. We show that the degeneracy of these two parameters can be solved with observations in the high-energy domain, most likely in the hard X-rays but also possibly in

$\gamma$

-rays under favourable conditions.
Explaining Machine Learning Decisions
Authors: Zerilli John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe operations of deep networks are widely acknowledged to be inscrutable. The growing field of Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged in direct response to this problem. However, owing to the nature of the opacity in question, XAI has been forced to prioritise interpretability at the expense of completeness, and even realism, so that its explanations are frequently interpretable without being underpinned by more comprehensive explanations faithful to the way a network computes its predictions. While this has been taken to be a shortcoming of the field of XAI, I argue that it is broadly the right approach to the problem.
Two Notions of Ecological Function
Authors: Dussault Antoine C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses Millstein’s (2020) criticism of the consensus view formed against selected-effects ecological functions. I argue that Millstein’s defense of coevolution-based selected-effects ecological functions applies to a notion of function as anactivity, whereas proponents of the consensus view are concerned with a notion of ecological function as the contribution of an organism, population, species, or abiotic item to the maintenance of its community and/or the functioning of its ecosystem. Millstein’s arguments hence do not invalidate the consensus view but draw attention to a notion of function that has been neglected in philosophical discussions and that deserves more attention.
U–Pb geochronology of Upper Triassic – Lower Jurassic detrital sequences from SE margin of the South China Block: implications for Palaeo-Pacific subduction and tectonic evolution
Authors: Kong Jin-Tao , Xu Zhong-Jie , Tao Guo-Zhi , Cheng Ri-Hui , Wang Liao-Liang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe performed U–Pb dating of detrital zircons and conducted petrological and whole-rock geochemical analyses to assess the provenance of the Upper Triassic – Lower Jurassic clastic rocks in the southeastern margin of the South China Block. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages are mainly classified into age groups of 2000–1700, 900–700, 490–390 and 280–210 Ma, consistent with derivation from the Jiangnan orogenic belt, Nanling Belt, as well as Wuyi and Yunkai domains. Lower Jurassic samples yield a special main age population of 200–190 Ma, and these detrital zircon grains have low Th/U and Nb/Hf ratios and high Th/Nb and Hf/Th ratios, showing they are derived from a continental magmatic arc. However, the cross-correlation and likeness coefficients of kernel density estimates of Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic sandstones are 0.8608 and 0.8403, indicating that their populations are highly similar. Since the tectonic setting is the key factor in controlling the relationship between source and sink, the stable supply of identical provenance suggests that the tectonic setting did not significantly change during Late Triassic – Early Jurassic time. Sandstone petrography, regional facies distribution and the detrital zircon age patterns all reflect a consistent tectonic setting for the South China Block during Late Triassic – Early Jurassic time. The Palaeo-Pacific subduction therefore did not control the tectonic evolution of the South China Block until after the Early Jurassic Epoch.