bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between tinnitus and headache in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alluhaymid Yousef M. , Alsiwat Lojain J. , Basodan Sundus , Almomani Murad Omar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Our aim was to estimate prevalence rates of different headache forms among tinnitus patients in Arabia, to investigate whether there is a relationship between tinnitus laterality and headache laterality in patients with unilateral tinnitus and unilateral headache, to explore the relationship between tinnitus and headache over time, and to know the effect of headache pain medications in tinnitus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Method:
The study is a quantitative observational cross-sectional study with a convenient sample by data from patients with tinnitus. The participants received a self-administrated electronic questionnaire measuring demographics, prevalence of an associated headache, and the relationship between tinnitus and headache.

Results:
A total of 226 patients enrolled themselves into the study, and all of them came from the capital city Riyadh of Saudi Arabia. 58% were females, and the remainder of them were males. Females reported significantly more ear tinnitus than males, and patients aged 51 years or older were significantly less inclined to report ear tinnitus compared to those younger; however, those aged 20–31 years were found to be significantly more inclined to report ear tinnitus. There was a statistically significant association between patients experiencing headaches and those experiencing ear tinnitus. Surprisingly, patients who take medications of any type to alleviate their headaches were significantly less inclined to report ear tinnitus than those who do not take medications. However, patients with ear tinnitus experienced longer headache duration in years than those who had no history of tinnitus. Moreover, those people who experienced right-sided tinnitus tended to report significantly more right-sided headaches, and the same goes for left-sided headaches.

Conclusion:
Our results showed that there is a relationship between headaches and tinnitus. Painkillers also showed a protective effect against tinnitus. High awareness about the relationship between headaches and tinnitus among physicians and patients may lead to early recognition and lead to early implementation of primary prevention, which is the cornerstone of family medicine practice, and treatment without referring to other specialties. However, the pathophysiology is still not clear. Further studies should be performed to know the pathophysiology.
Readmission rates and predictors of avoidable readmissions in older adults in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Samuel Stephen V. , Viggeswarpu Surekha , Wilson Benny P. , Ganesan Maya P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context:
Thirty-day readmissions are used to gauge health care accountability, which occurs as part of the natural course of the illness or due to avoidable fallacies during the index admission. The utility of this metric is unknown in older adults from developing countries.

Aim:
To ascertain the unplanned 30-day readmission rate and enumerate predictors of avoidable hospital readmission among early (0–7 days) and late (8–30 days) readmissions.

Settings and Design:
A retrospective chart audit of 140 older adults who were readmitted to a premier tertiary care teaching hospital under Geriatrics from the neighboring states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala were undertaken.

Methods and Materials:
Data from health records were collected from the hospital electronic database from May 2015 to May 2020. The data was reviewed to determine the 30-day readmission rate and to ascertain the predictors of avoidable readmissions among both early and late readmissions.

Results:
Out of 2698 older adults admitted to the geriatric wards from the catchment areas, the calculated 30-day hospital readmission rate was 5.18%, and 41.4% of these readmissions were potentially avoidable. The median duration from discharge to the first readmission was ten days (Interquartile range: 5–18 days). Patients had to spend INR 44,000 (approximately 602 USD) towards avoidable readmission. The most common causes for readmission included an exacerbation, reactivation, or progression of a previously existing disease (55.7%), followed by the emergence of a new disease unrelated to index admission (43.2%). Fifty-eight patients (41.4%) were readmitted within seven days following discharge. Early readmissions were seen in patients with malignancies [8 (13.5%) vs. 4 (4.8%); P = 0.017], on insulin (P = 0.04) or on antidepressants (P = 0.01). Advanced age was found to be an independent predictor of avoidable early readmission (OR 2.99 95%CI 1.34–6.62, P = 0.007), and admission to a general ward (as compared to those admitted in a private ward) was an independent predictor of early readmissions (OR 2.99 95%CI 1.34–6.62, P = 0.007).

Conclusion:
The 30-day readmission rate in a geriatric unit in a tertiary care hospital was 5.2%. Advanced age was considered to be an independent predictor of avoidable early readmission. Future prospective research on avoidable readmissions should be undertaken to delineate factors affecting 30-day avoidable hospital readmissions in developing nations.
Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among secondary and above-education-level students in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aynalem Bewket Yeserah , Alemu Addisu Alehegn , Zeleke Liknaw Bewket , Kassa Getachew Mullu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Risky sexual behavior is defined as the behavior that increases the susceptibility of an individual to problems related to sexuality and reproductive health. The main aim of this study was to determine the pooled prevalence of risky sexual behavior and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods:
Systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) rules were used. During the searching period, MEDLINE, PUBMED, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and CINAHL were used with search terms. The STATA form 14 program was utilized to perform the meta-analysis. I2 statistics was used to test heterogeneity, and publication bias was assessed using Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was presented using forest plots.

Results:
There were 24 studies, and 13,440 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of risky sexual behavior in Ethiopia was 40% (95% CI: 32%, 48%). The associated factors for risky sexual behavior were substance use [OR: 2.41 (95% CI: 1.49, 3.89)], watching pornography [OR: 2.59 (95% CI: 1.01, 6.69)], and night club visit, [OR: 2.53 (95% CI: 1.64, 3.90)].

Conclusion:
Risky sexual behavior among secondary school and above-education-level Ethiopian students was high.
The intergenerational relationship patterns between aging parents and their adult children
Authors: Torabian Maryam , Zanjari Nasibeh , Fadayevatan Reza , Froughan Mahshid , Harouni Gholamreza G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Older parent-child relations and their impact on the elderly’s lives are of importance; thus, the present study aimed to investigate the patterns of the intergenerational relationships between aging parents and their adult children.

Methods:
The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 463 elderly men and women, aged ≥60 years who were residing in Tehran City, Iran. The study participants were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method. The Bai’s (2017) 13-item Intergenerational Relationship Quality Scale for Aging Parents (IRQS-AP) was used to evaluate the patterns of intergenerational relationships among the study subjects. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS. The significance level of the tests was set at P ≥ 0.05. The logistic regression model was employed to investigate the factors related to the patterns of intergenerational relationships.

Results:
The mean ± SD age of the explored aging parents was 67.93 ± 7.0 years. Besides, the mean ± SD number of children in the study participants was 3.55 ± 1.80. The mean ± SD scores of solidarity (structural, associational, consensual, affectual, functional, and normative) and conflict were measured to be (58.95 ± 17.55) and (64.10 ± 20.92), respectively. Furthermore, the mean ± SD score of the ambivalence pattern was calculated as (51.46 ± 21.61). The mean score of conflict was higher than those of solidarity and ambivalence. Additionally, the mean score of consensual-normative solidarity was higher than those of other dimensions of solidarity. The obtained data suggested a significant difference between age and the patterns of intergenerational relationships (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, the mean scores of solidarity and conflict in the examined female elderly and their adult children were higher than those of their male counterparts and their adult children; however, the mean score of ambivalence in the male elderly and their adult children was higher than that in their female counterparts. Logistic regression analysis results indicated that aging parents who were literate (OR = 1.5), those who lived alone (OR = 1.2), and those who assessed their general health status as good (OR = 4), reported high levels of solidarity with their adult children.

Conclusion:
The present research results demonstrated that the level of conflict between aging parents and their adult children exceeded the solidarity level, indicating the intergenerational gap. Therefore, the necessary implications should be adopted to promote intergenerational relationships within the family by providing family counseling. Further research is recommended to consider the essential role of predictive factors, such as age, gender, educational level, occupational status, living arrangements, health status, and socioeconomic status of aging parents concerning the intergenerational relationships between aging parents and their adult children.
Effect of intra-articular hyalase, Ketorolac, marcaine and triamcinolone, versus Ketorolac, marcaine and triamcinolone for reducing knee joint pain other than joint replacement
Authors: Daneshian Maryam , Montazemi Maryam , Abbaskhani Davanloo Ali 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Knee pain is one of the causes of physiological complications in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. It is necessary to provide a solution to reduce pain in these patients. Our study aimed to compare the effect of intra-articular hyalase, ketorolac, marcaine, and triamcinolone versus ketorolac, marcaine, and triamcinolone for reducing knee joint pain after knee surgery.

Methods:
This clinical study was performed on 30 candidates for knee surgery other than knee replacement from 2019 to 2020. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: hyalase, ketorolac, marcaine, and triamcinolone (group 1) and ketorolac, marcaine, and triamcinolone (group 2). The patient’s pain score was recorded by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and range of motion (ROM) at the end of the first week, the end of the first month, and the end of the third month as well as the sixth month and the twelfth month after surgery.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 42.3 years. On average, the group receiving hyalase (first group) received about 30% better scores and had less pain (P < 0.05). In the first week, first month, and third month, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. But the pain scores for the first and second groups were 3.1 and 4.5 during the sixth to twelfth months, respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, the increase in ROM during the sixth to twelfth months was significantly higher in the group receiving hyalase (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Adding hyalase to ketorolac, marcaine, and triamcinolone could improve pain control in the short and long term and this could be capable of reducing the need for additional drugs.
Growing concerns on male reproductive health amidst COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Agrawal Megha , Kumar Vikas , Vardhan Gyan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Blood–testis barrier is body’s innate mechanism to defend germ cells by creating a physical and immunological barrier. But some viral infections are known to evade it. As ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are present all over the body including male reproductive tract, it is worth exploring how coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could possibly affect male fertility. A review of literature was done using search engines like PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, etc., and all the latest articles up to May 2021 were considered. Some studies have substantiated the presence of orchitis in COVID patients using semen and tissue samples. Though most studies report the absence of virus in testis, involvement of seminiferous tubules has been seen in pathological analysis suggesting defective spermatogenesis. This can be primarily attributed to inflammation and increased vascular permeability. Other factors that could affect male fertility are fever, autoimmune response, drugs, and erectile dysfunction. Male fertility is an important aspect of health care and must be looked into. Further studies can be done to understand host immunity towards SARS-CoV-2 in the testis. It will be worthwhile to know whether viral orchitis and its sequelae are acute or chronic in nature, and if they are reversible. Effect of the virus on female reproductive tract can also be assessed further. Counselling can be given to affected/recovering patients along with correct selection of drugs to prevent these long-term complications.
Prevention of melioidosis
Authors: Mohapatra Prasanta Raghab , Mishra Baijayantimala 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Melioidosis is a complex tropical disease linked with many complications. It is increasingly diagnosed in India. The clinical mimicry of this disease with several other common causes of pneumonia has kept the clinicians in ignorance. Usually, the diagnosis and appropriate management get delayed. The organism closely resembles the common contaminant Pseudomonas and is easily misidentified in microbiology laboratories. The diagnosis is often missed because of poor diagnostic sensitivity of blood culture, the gold standard of the diagnosis. All this contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. The rampant use of high-end broad-spectrum antibiotics like ceftazidime and meropenem at suboptimal dose and duration suppresses the diagnosis without eradicating the disease, leaving the chance of recurrence from its latency even after years. As an infectious disease, the cure and prevention depend on early diagnosis and treatment. An awareness of its peculiar presentations and history can differentiate clinically and suspect the condition much easily from other mimickers of tuberculosis to sepsis. Ultimately, the prevention of melioidosis remains the critical strategy. Increasing the number of cases and intricated management of this fatal but potentially curable disease had prompted us to take up the mission of preventing the disease by spreading knowledge and awareness.
Incidence of recovery from severe pneumonia and its predictors among children 2–59 months admitted to pediatric ward of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia: A retrospective Cohort study
Authors: Amare Rigeat Atsbha , Fisseha Girmatsion , Berhe Awtachew , Tirore Lire Lemma 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Pneumonia is a major reason for hospital admission among children, particularly in resource-poor areas. A hospital stay (length of stay) alone is found to contribute for 46.8% of a household cost for single episode of severe pneumonia. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of recovery from severe pneumonia and predictors among children 2–59 months of age admitted to pediatric ward of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH).

Methods:
A retrospective facility-based cohort study was conducted among under-five-year-old children admitted in ACSH. Three years medical records from July 7, 2015 to July 6, 2018 were reviewed. A total of 285 children with severe pneumonia admitted to pediatric ward of ACSH were included. Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve was used to estimate recovery time. The independent effects of covariates on recovery time are analyzed using multivariate Cox-proportional adjusted model.

Result:
The median survival time was four days (95% CI = 3.732 – 4.268). The incidence of recovery was 92.3%. Co-morbidity (AOR: 3.47, 95%CI, 2.21, 5.4), malnutrition (AOR = 1.9, 95%CI, 1.2, 3.1), duration of chief complaint (AOR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.54, 0.94), and vaccination (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI, 0.13, 0.81) were significant predictors of time to recovery from severe pneumonia.

Conclusion:
High recovery rate and short length of hospital stay was observed in this study. Increased duration of chief complaint, presence of co-morbidity, being malnourished, and vaccination were factors that associated with time to recovery. Therefore focuses have to be given in increasing the community’s health seeking behavior to visit health facility early and especial attention should be given for children with co-morbidity, malnutrition, and unvaccinated children.
Parental knowledge of children’s developmental milestones in Aseer, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Habbash Asma Saad , Qatomah Aishah , Al-Doban Rehab , Asiri Raghad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Better parental knowledge about developmental milestones of children is linked to better parent–child interaction. Only a handful of surveys have been conducted to evaluate parental knowledge of developme ntal milestones in Arabic-speaking countries.

Materials and Methods:
The study is a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based observational investigation using a simple random sampling scheme. The sampling frame consisted of all parents attending the family medicine services during the period of conduct of the study. Poisson regression modelling techniques were used to analyse the adjusted effect of sociodemographic factors on knowledge score.

Results:
Three hundred and seventy-five parents agreed to be included in the study. Only 29 (7.7%) had an excellent knowledge level. Poor knowledge was found among 141 (37.6%) participants. Also, 180 (48%) participants were found to have an acceptable level of knowledge. Mothers achieved acceptable knowledge of developmental milestones better than fathers, and better knowledge was found in less-crowded houses. Physical developmental milestones were known by 304 (81.1%) participants, followed by cognitive development milestones (n = 78, 20.8%), social development milestones (n = 47, 12.5%) and emotional development milestones (n = 85, 22.7%). The internet was the most used source (n = 83, 22.1%). The most avoided sources were educational workshops (n = 230, 61.3%), followed by doctors (n = 159, 42.4%) and social media (n = 130, 34.7%).

Conclusions:
We confirmed in this work that parental knowledge of children’s developmental milestones is suboptimum among Saudi parents. Use of the internet and avoidance of healthcare professionals is a source of concern. Care is required for children coming from overcrowded homes in terms of their developmental progress. Focus should be on educating parents about the social and emotional developmental milestones.
Construction of the health risk assessment index system for assessing the chronic diseases based on the general health
Authors: Hao Ran , Zhang Meng , Jin Haoyu , Zuo Jinfan , Hu Jie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims:
This study aimed to construct a standardized health risk assessment index system (HRAIS) under the guidance of general health and facilitate the family doctors to carry out chronic disease management.

Methods:
Available chronic disease surveillance systems and indexes were reviewed to identify potential indexes. The Delphi method was performed to establish the HRAIS, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the index weight.

Results:
HRAIS included four first-level indexes and 38 second-level indexes. The authority coefficient was 0.86. The Kendall’s W for the two rounds of Delphi consultation were 0.202 and 0.210 (p < 0.001). The weights of the first-level indexes from high to low were physiological health (0.409), psychosocial health (0.290), health-related behaviors (0.205), and environment (0.097). Thus, HRAIS is a multi-dimension and multi-index tool, which can be used as a guideline for family doctors in early screening, early intervention, and classified management of main chronic diseases.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of rabies during an outbreak in Samtse Municipality, Bhutan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lhendup Karma , Wangdi Kinley 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
A rabies outbreak in dogs occurred on February 22, 2021, in the Samtse Municipality, Bhutan. A rapid response team (RRT) was activated comprising of human and animal health teams to investigate and contain this outbreak. An assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on rabies was elicited during this period to develop evidence-based education material.

Methods:
A face-to-face KAP questionnaire was administered to a volunteer member of 55 households in two communities (Norbuling and Xing Workshop areas) following the rabies outbreak in the Samtse Municipality from March 15 to 22, 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic characteristics. The associations between the KAP scores were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results:
Of the 55 respondents, 63.6% (35) had poor knowledge, 90.9% (50) and 63.6% (35) reported good attitude and practice toward rabies. Three (5.5%) participants had not heard about rabies. The other misconceptions were that rabies can be prevented with antibiotics (67.3%, 37), dressing the bite wounds (20.0%, 11), and seeking treatment from the local healer (5.5%, 3). Correct knowledge was reported on excessive salivation as the sign of the rabid animal (58.2% 32), rabies prevention through vaccination (81.8%, 45), and seeking medical care on the same day (94.5%, 52). Eighty-nine percent (49) vaccinated their dogs and domestic animals annually, 100% received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after an animal bite, 78.2% (43) washed the animal bite wounds with soap and water, and 9.1% (5) would consult the local healer for animal bites. A majority (78.2%, 43) of them agreed that rabies is a serious public health problem in the Samtse Municipality and 49.1% (27) agreed that the public was adequately informed about rabies. A positive correlation was observed between the knowledge-practice scores (r = 0.3983, P value = 0.0026), and attitude-practice scores (r = 0.4684, P value < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The poor knowledge of rabies in this study needs to be addressed urgently. The main misconceptions included were that rabies is not fatal, dressing animal bite wounds, and seeking dog and animal bite care from local healers. Health education should focus on these misconceptions.