bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational Therapy for People Living With Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1: Importance and Effectiveness of an Intervention Plan at the Level of Prevention and Rehabilitation
Authors: Sampaio Edilson Coelho , Aben-Athar Cintia Yolette Urbano Pauxis , Pinto Denise da Silva , Vallinoto Antonio Carlos Rosário , Cayres Vallinoto Izaura Maria Vieira 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionHuman T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy (HAM) restricts activities of daily living (ADLs), affecting health and quality of life. Occupational therapy is used to promote independence during ADL in people living with HTLV (PLHTLV).ObjectiveTo quantify the clinical aspects, levels of functionality, performance in ADLs and occupational roles of PLHTLV and propose an occupational therapeutic intervention.MethodA cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was designed with 40 PLHTLV monitored at two referral laboratories of the Federal University of Pará. The Evandro Chagas Research Institute Neurological Disability Scale (EIPEC-2), the Barthel Index and the Occupational Roles Identification List were applied. The G test and Fisher’s exact test (to identify associations between qualitative variables), the Mann–Whitney test (to identify associations between quantitative variables) and Pearson correlation analysis (to identify associations between the total Barthel Index and EIPEC-2 scores) were performed with Microsoft Excel and BioEstat 5.0, and the significance level was set atp≤ 0.05.ResultsMotor aspects, the presence of spasticity, sensory aspects, and pain in the lumbar region and lower limbs were significantly (p= 0.0002) higher among symptomatic individuals, who also had more difficulties urinating, traveling up and down stairs and transferring from a chair to a bed. Being a worker, performing housework and socializing (with friends or family members) were the most affected activities among HAM patients.ConclusionThe impact of HAM on PLHTLV should include an intervention plan with occupational therapists in rehabilitation programs to create an important third-level prevention initiative, which may help achieve short-, medium-, and long-term goals. Asymptomatic PLHTLV should also be able to prevent future ADL impairment.
Efficacy of Povidone Iodine Against Microbial Biofilms in Breast Implants With Different Textures: Results From an in vitro Study
Authors: Fernández-Ibarburu Borja , Díaz-Navarro Marta , Ibarra Gorka , Rivera Andrés , Hafian Rama , Irigoyen Ãlvaro , Carrillo Raquel , Pérez-Cano Rosa , Muñoz Patricia , García-Ruano Ángela , Lasso José M. , Guembe María 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIn the practice of breast augmentation and reconstruction, implant irrigation with various solutions has been widely used to prevent infection and capsular contracture, but to date, there is no consensus on the optimal protocol to use. Recently, application of povidone iodine (PI) for 30 min has shown in vitro to be the most effective irrigating formula in reducing contamination in smooth breast implants. However, as 30 min is not feasible intraoperatively, it is necessary to determine whether shorter times could be equally effective as well as to test it in both smooth and textured implants.MethodsWe tested the efficacy of 10% PI at 1′, 3′, and 5′ against biofilms of 8 strains (2 ATCC and 6 clinical) of Staphylococcus spp. on silicone disks obtained from Mentor® and Polytech® implants of different textures. We analyzed the percentage reduction of cfu counts, cell viability and bacterial density between treatment (PI) and control (sterile saline, SS) groups for each time of application. We consider clinical significance when &gt; 25% reduction was observed in cell viability or bacterial density.ResultsAll textured implants treated with PI at any of the 3 exposure times reduced 100% bacterial load by culture. However, none of the implants reached enough clinical significance in percentage reduction of living cells. Regarding bacterial density, only 25–50 μm Polytxt® Polytech® implants showed significant reduction at the three PI exposure times.ConclusionPI is able to inhibit bacterial growth applied on the surface of breast implants regardless of the exposure time. However, no significant reduction on living cells or bacterial density was observed. This lack of correlation may be caused by differences in texture that directly affect PI absorption.
Association Between Copper and Global Cognition and the Moderating Effect of Iron
Authors: Choe Young Min , Suh Guk-Hee , Lee Boung Chul , Choi Ihn-Geun , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Hyun Soo , Kim Jee Wook 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundDespite the known association between abnormal serum copper levels and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or cognitive decline, the association between copper, iron, and cognition remains poorly investigated. We examined the association between serum copper levels and global cognition measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in older adults with normal copper levels. We also explored the moderating effect of iron on this association.MethodsThe study enrolled 99 non-demented adults between 65 and 90 years of age. All the participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessments and serum copper measurements. Global cognitive performance was measured by the MMSE. All copper levels were within the normal range and were stratified into three categories: &lt; 87 (low), 87–98 (medium), and &gt; 98 (high: used as a reference category) μg/dL.ResultsSerum copper level (as a continuous variable) was significantly associated with MMSE score (B = 0.065, 95% confidence interval = 0.023–0.108, p = 0.003). Low serum copper group showed significantly decreased MMSE score compared to high copper one (B = −2.643, 95% confidence interval = −4.169 to -1.117, p &lt; 0.001), while middle copper category had no difference (B = −1.211, 95% confidence interval = −2.689 to 0.268, p = 0.107). There was a significant low serum copper ×iron interaction effect on the MMSE score (B = 0.065, 95% confidence interval = 0.016–0.114, p = 0.010). Subgroup analyses showed that low serum copper was significantly associated with a low MMSE score in the low-iron (B = −4.174, 95% confidence interval = −6.607 to −1.741, p = 0.001) but not high-iron subgroup (B = −0.721, 95% confidence interval = −2.852 to 1.409, p = 0.495).ConclusionOur findings from non-demented older adults suggest that a low serum copper level within the normal range was associated with AD or cognitive decline and this is moderated by iron. To prevent AD or cognitive decline, clinicians need to pay attention to avoiding low serum copper and iron levels, even within the clinical normal range.
Deep Learning-Enabled Clinically Applicable CT Planbox for Stroke With High Accuracy and Repeatability
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhu Junkai , Zhao Jinli , Li Wenyi , Zhang Xin , Meng Xiaolin , Chen Taige , Li Ming , Ye Meiping , Hu Renfang , Dou Shidan , Hao Huayin , Zhao Xiaofen , Wu Xiaoming , Hu Wei , Li Cheng , Fan Xiaole , Jiang Liyun , Lu Xiaofan , Yan Fangrong 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) plays an essential role in classifying stroke, quantifying penumbra size and supporting stroke-relevant radiomics studies. However, it is difficult to acquire standard, accurate and repeatable images during follow-up. Therefore, we invented an intelligent CT to evaluate stroke during the entire follow-up.MethodsWe deployed a region proposal network (RPN) and V-Net to endow traditional CT with intelligence. Specifically, facial detection was accomplished by identifying adjacent jaw positions through training and testing an RPN on 76,382 human faces using a preinstalled 2-dimensional camera; two regions of interest (ROIs) were segmented by V-Net on another training set with 295 subjects, and the moving distance of scanning couch was calculated based on a pre-generated calibration table. Multiple cohorts including 1,124 patients were used for performance validation under three clinical scenarios.ResultsCranial Automatic Planbox Imaging Towards AmeLiorating neuroscience (CAPITAL)-CT was invented. RPN model had an error distance of 4.46 ± 0.02 pixels with a success rate of 98.7% in the training set and 100% with 2.23 ± 0.10 pixels in the testing set. V-Net-derived segmentation maintained a clinically tolerable distance error, within 3 mm on average, and all lines presented with a tolerable angle error, within 3° on average in all boundaries. Real-time, accurate, and repeatable automatic scanning was accomplished with and a lower radiation exposure dose (all P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsCAPITAL-CT generated standard and reproducible images that could simplify the work of radiologists, which would be of great help in the follow-up of stroke patients and in multifield research in neuroscience.
Corticospinal Tract Hypoperfusion Associated With Unexplained Early Neurological Deterioration After Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Zhang Danfeng , Zhong Wansi , Chen Luowei , Xu Chao , Yan Shenqiang , Zhou Ying , Ma Xiaodong , Lou Min 
Published: March 2022

Background and PurposeEarly neurological deterioration (END) occurs in 10% among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who are receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Over half of them have no straightforward causes, which is referred to as unexplained END. We aimed to explore whether the presence of baseline corticospinal tract (CST) hypoperfusion could predict the development of unexplained END at 24 h in patients with AIS after receiving IVT.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data from patients with AIS who received IVT. Unexplained END was defined as ≥ 2-point increase of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) from baseline to 24 h without straightforward causes. Hypoperfusion lesions involving CST and other cerebral areas were identified on perfusion maps.ResultsAmong 807 patients, CST hypoperfusion and non-CST hypoperfusion occurred in 488 (60.5%) and 319 (39.5%) patients, respectively. Patients with CST hypoperfusion were more likely to have unexplained END compared with patients with non-CST hypoperfusion (16.6 vs. 2.8%, P &lt; 0.001). Binary logistics regression analysis showed that CST hypoperfusion was independently associated with unexplained END after IVT (OR = 5.64; 95% CI: 2.699–11.785; P &lt; 0.001) after adjusting for baseline NIHSS, onset to needle time, baseline hypoperfusion volume, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension.ConclusionsPatients with CST hypoperfusion were more likely to suffer from unexplained END after IVT, implying potential mechanisms and potential prevention of unexplained END.
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Relation to Gastric Cancer in Afghanistan
Authors: Amiry Freshta , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Barekzai Ahmad Mujtaba , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundDespite the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MD) being associated with a reduced risk of several cancers, there is no report about the highly prevalent diet-disease associations in Afghanistan, particularly about gastric cancer (GC).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between MD and GC in Afghanistan.MethodsThis hospital-based case-control study was carried out on a total number of 270 subjects (90 cases and 180 controls) aged between 20 and 75 years. Using the convenience-sampling method, cases and controls were selected. Cases were patients with GC whose condition was pathologically confirmed. The controls were apparently healthy people who were matched with cases in terms of age (±5 years) and sex. Assessment of dietary intake was done using a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire, designed specifically for Afghanistan. Adherence to the MD pattern was done based on the scores suggested in earlier studies.ResultsOut of 270 studied subjects, 73% were men. We found that subjects in the highest tertile of MD score had 52% decreased odds of GC (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24–0.98, P-trend = 0.05) compared with those in the lowest tertile. After considering potential environmental factors, age, and sex, the observed association disappeared (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.13–1.38, P-trend = 0.41). After further adjustment for BMI in the last model, we found that participants with the highest MD score were 83% less likely to have GC than those in the lowest tertile (OR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.03–0.80, P-trend = 0.14).ConclusionWe found that greater adherence to MD might be associated with a lower odds of GC.
Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis: The Effect of Maternal Diet During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding in a Mediterranean Population
Authors: Vassilopoulou Emilia , Feketea Gavriela , Konstantinou George N. , Zekakos Xypolias Dimitris , Valianatou Mina , Petrodimopoulou Maria , Vourga Vasiliki , Tasios Ioannis , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe aim of the current investigation was to explore the association of food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) with the maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding in Greek infants.MethodsA multicenter retrospective case-control study was conducted in 6 regions in Greece, with 96 mothers of infants with and 141 mothers of infants without a history of FPIAP. Maternal dietary habits during pregnancy and breastfeeding were evaluated with the following validated questionnaires: (a) The Mediterranean Diet Score and (b) The Mediterranean Oriented Culture-Specific Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire.ResultsFPIAP was associated with cow's milk (83.6%), egg (7.3%), wheat (6.4%), and beef (6.4%) in the maternal diet. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet was similar among the mothers. Mothers of FPIAP infants consumed more vegetables. Elastic net prediction models showed that, in this Mediterranean population, increased consumption during pregnancy and lactation of common allergens, whole grain products, homemade food, fish and shellfish, and fruits was associated with a decreased risk of FPIAP. Conversely, a high intake of vegetables, sugar and total fat, and non-stick/grilled cooking, were associated with increased risk of FPIAP, as was a high intake of salt and white flour during lactation only.ConclusionsComponents of a maternal Mediterranean Diet may protect against FPIAP when traditional cooking methods are adopted and fish, fruit, and whole wheat products are consumed frequently during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Interim Analysis of Impact of Adding Low Dose Pulmonary Radiotherapy to Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients: IMpaCt-RT Study
Authors: Singh Pritanjali , Mandal Avik , Singh Dharmendra , Kumar Subhash , Kumar Amarjeet , Rakesh Amrita , Ranjan Rakesh , Verma Manika , Rai Deependra Kumar , Bhushan Divendu , Shankar Abhishek , Sinha Arkaprava , Saini Rohit , Saha Arijit , Thovarayi Ashwin , Baral Anindya Kumar , Chauhan Samyak , Kumar Rajhans , Kakoty Priya , Modak Bithika , Ranjan Alok 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTreatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia remains largely supportive till date and multiple clinical trials took place within the short span of time to evaluate the role of investigational therapies. The anti-inflammatory effect of low dose whole lung radiation in treating pneumonia has been documented earlier. This clinical trial analyzed the effect of low dose radiation therapy (LDRT) in a moderately affected COVID-19 pneumonia patient cohort and has evaluated its effect in stopping the conversion of moderate disease into severe disease.MethodsPatients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia as characterized by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India, were randomized (1:1) to low dose whole lung radiation versus no radiation. All treatment of patients was concurrently being given as per institutional protocol. Patients were followed up with clinical and laboratory parameters monitored on Days 1, 3, 7, and 14. Computed tomography scan (CT scan) of thorax was performed on Days 1 and 7. Patients were evaluated for conversion of moderate into severe disease as per National Early Warning Score-2 (NEWS-2 score) as the primary end point. The secondary endpoints included changes in ratio between peripheral capillary oxygen saturation and fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2), biochemical markers, 25-point CT severity score, and radiation induced acute pulmonary toxicities.FindingsAt the interim analysis, there were seven patients in the radiation arm and six in the control. A whole lung LDRT improved the outcome of SpO2/FiO2 at Day 3; however it did not convert into a statistically significant improvement for the NEWS-2 score. The serum levels of LDH, CRP, Ferritin and D-dimer were significantly reduced on 14 days in the LDRT arm in comparison to the baseline value but were not significant between the two groups.InterpretationLDRT seems to have the potential to prevent moderate COVID-19 pneumonia from a deteriorating to severe category. However, further randomized clinical trial with an adequate number of such patients is warranted to establish the definitive role of LDRT in the management of COVID-19 pneumonia.FundingAn intramural research project bearing code: I-27/621, was sanctioned from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2021/06/033912, 25th May 2021) ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php
Propofol Inhibits Proliferation and Augments the Anti-Tumor Effect of Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel Partly Through Promoting Ferroptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Sun Chen , Liu Pan , Pei Lijian , Zhao Mengyun , Huang Yuguang 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is relatively common in women and is associated with a poor prognosis after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Currently, the mechanism underlying the relationship between propofol and breast cancer is controversial and limited to cell apoptosis. Moreover, there are only a few studies on the effect of propofol on the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of TNBC cells. Therefore, this study explored whether propofol and its commonly used clinical formulations affect the proliferation and chemotherapeutic effects on TNBC cells by regulating cell ferroptosis.MethodsWe selected MDA-MB-231 cells, and the effects of propofol, propofol injectable emulsion (PIE), or fospropofol disodium, alone or combined with doxorubicin or paclitaxel on cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, ferroptosis-related morphological changes, intracellular Fe2+ levels, and the expression and localization of ferroptosis-related proteins were investigated.ResultsWe found that propofol significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, and all three propofol formulations augmented the anti-tumor effects of doxorubicin and paclitaxel. The results from the ROS assay, transmission electron microscopy, intracellular Fe2+ assay, western blotting, and multiplex immunohistochemistry revealed that propofol not only induced apoptosis but also triggered ferroptosis-related changes, including morphological changes of mitochondria, increased intracellular ROS levels, and intracellular iron accumulation in MDA-MB-231 cells. The ferroptosis-related p53-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway was also altered under different treatment propofol, doxorubicin, or paclitaxel regimens.ConclusionPropofol showed anti-proliferation effects on TNBC cells and could be a potential adjuvant to enhance the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of TNBC cells partly by promoting cell ferroptosis.
Regorafenib in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Xu Donghao , Liu Yu , Tang Wentao , Xu Lingsha , Liu Tianyu , Jiang Yudong , Zhou Shizhao , Qin Xiaorui , Li Jisheng , Zhao Jiemin , Ye Lechi , Chang Wenju , Xu Jianmin 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundRegorafenib improves progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Here, we report the treatment patterns of regorafenib in the third- or late-line setting for mCRC in four centers in China.Patients and MethodsPatients with refractory mCRC in four centers in China administered regorafenib from February 1, 2018 to June 31, 2021 were enrolled. Patients were grouped into 3 cohorts, namely, the monotherapy (regorafenib alone), chemo (regorafenib plus chemotherapy), and immune [regorafenib plus anti-PD1 (programmed cell death 1) antibodies] groups. Demographic, clinical, survival and safety data were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 177 patients were included in this study. Of them, 116 (65.5%) were treated with regorafenib alone, while 28 (15.9%) and 33 (18.6%) were administered regorafenib plus chemotherapy and anti-PD1 antibodies, respectively. The median followed-up time was 9.2 months. The disease control rate (DCR) was 40.7%. The median PFS (mPFS) was 2.43 months and the median OS (mOS) was 12.2 months. The immune group had longer median PFS (3.5 m vs. 2.2 m, p = 0.043) compared with the monotherapy group. Patients administered regorafenib plus chemotherapy had longer median OS (15.9 m vs. 8.4 m, p = 0.032) compared with the monotherapy group. Patients who began regorafenib treatment at 120 mg had longer median PFS and OS compared with those who began at 80 mg (PFS: 3.7 m vs. 2.0 m; p &lt;0.001; OS: 13.4 m vs. 10.2 m; p = 0.005). Patients with a final dose of 120 mg had longer median PFS and OS compared with the 80 mg or less group (PFS: 5.0 m vs. 2.3 m; p = 0.045; OS: UR (unreach) vs. 10.9 m; p = 0.003). There were 87.0% (154/177) patients who experienced AEs. Three groups had similar rates of AEs (86.2% vs. 89.3% vs. 87.9%; p = 0.89).ConclusionPatients administered regorafenib alone or regorafenib in combination with other agents were relieved to some extent, with a disease control rate of 40.7%. Regorafenib plus anti-PD1 antibodies showed better PFS, while regorafenib plus chemotherapy had the most benefit in OS. There was no significant difference among three groups in terms of AEs.
Comparison of Health-Related Quality of Life Between Ileal Conduit Diversion and Orthotopic Neobladder in Women: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xing Wenzhou , Zeng Sheng , Xu Zhaoliang , Xing Shaoqiang , Liu Qian 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundOrthotopic neobladder (ONB) reconstruction and ileal conduit diversion (ICD) can have different impacts on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with bladder cancer.PurposeTo conduct a meta-analysis to explore the comparison of HRQOL between ICD and ONB in women.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for available papers published from inception up to December 2020. The outcomes were the score data from HRQOL questionnaires. The random-effects model was used for all analyses.ResultsFour studies (six datasets; 283 patients) were included. In the EORTC-QLQ-C30, there were no differences between ICD and ONB regarding cognitive functioning (weighted mean difference (WMD)=1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): -20.52,22.88, P=0.915), global health (WMD=1.98, 95%CI: -15.26,19.22, P=0.822), emotional functioning (WMD=0.86, 95%CI: -19.62,21.33, P=0.935), physical functioning (WMD=0.94, 95%CI: -11.61,13.49, P=0.883), role functioning (WMD=-4.94, 95%CI: -12.15,2.27, P=0.180), and social functioning (WMD=-4.71, 95%CI: -20.83,11.40, P=0.567). There were no differences between ONB and ICD for specific symptoms (fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and pain) and single items (dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, and financial difficulties) (all P&gt;0.05). In EORTC-QLQ-BLM30, there were no differences between ICD and ONB regarding bowel symptoms (WMD=5.45, 95%CI: -15.30,26.20, P=0.607), body image (WMD=-13.12, 95%CI: -31.15,4.92, P=0.154), sexual functioning (WMD=-5.55, 95%CI: -14.96,3.85, P=0.247), and urinary symptom (WMD=5.50, 95%CI: -7.34,18.34, P=0.401), but one study reported better future perspective with ONB (WMD=-14.9, 95%CI: -27.14,-2.66, P=0.017).ConclusionWomen who underwent ONB do not appear to have a statistically significantly better HRQOL than women who underwent ICD, based on EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EORTC-QLQ-BML30.