bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Label‐free surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection of prostate cancer combined with multivariate statistical algorithm
Authors: Zhao Xin , Xu Qingjiang , Lin Yamin , Du Weiwei , Bai Xin , Gao Jiamin , Li Tao , Huang Yimei , Yu Yun , Wu Xiang , Lin Juqiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to detect human plasma for screening prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and multivariate statistical algorithms. The test was to detect 106 plasma samples, which originated from 39 normal subjects, 26 patients with PCa and 41 patients with BPH. Significant differences in peak intensity at 495, 636, 1135, 1205, and 1675 cm−1 can be observed from the difference spectrogram, which contributes to initially distinguish the cancer group from the normal group. Then, the multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) diagnostic algorithms, as well as recursive weighted partial least square (PLS) method and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, were used to analyze the spectral data. For PCa versus normal group and BPH versus normal group, the classification accuracy of PCA‐LDA was 96.80% and 97.50%, respectively, and the classification accuracy of PLS‐SVM was 100.00% and 100.00%, respectively. In the diagnosis of PCa and BPH, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PCA‐LDA were 65.40%, 75.60%, and 71.06% respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) value of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.788, while the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PLS‐SVM were 88.46%, 87.80%, and 88.06%, respectively, and the AUC value was 0.881. The diagnostic results of PLS‐SVM are better than PCA‐LDA, which supported that PLS‐SVM algorithm has greater potential than PCA‐LDA algorithm in the pre‐diagnosis and screening of PCa.
Physicochemical characterization and fatty acid profiles of testa oils from various coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) genotypes
Authors: Shunmugiah Veluchamy Ramesh , Mary Rose , Beegum Puthiya P. Shameena , Pandiselvam Ravi , Padmanabhan Sugatha , Sathyan Neenu , Shil Sandip , Niral Vittal , Musuvadi Ramarathinam Manikantan , Lokesha Ankanahalli Narayanashetty , Shivashankara Kodathalu Seetharamaiah , Hebbar Kukkehalli Balachandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCocos nucifera (L.) is an important plantation crop with immense but untapped nutraceutical potential. Despite its bioactive potential, the biochemical features of testa oils of various coconut genotypes are poorly understood. Hence, in this study, the physicochemical characteristics of testa oils extracted from six coconut genotypes – namely West Coast Tall (WCT), Federated Malay States Tall (FMST), Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD), Malayan Yellow Dwarf (MYD), and two Dwarf × Dwarf (D × D hybrids) viz., Cameroon Red Dwarf (CRD) × Ganga Bondam Green Dwarf (GBGD) and MYD × Chowghat Green Dwarf (CGD) – were analyzed.RESULTSThe proportion of testa in the nuts (fruits) (1.29–3.42%), the proportion of oil in the testa (40.97–50.56%), and biochemical components in testa oils – namely proxidant elements Fe (34.17–62.48 ppm) and Cu (1.63–2.77 ppm), and the total phenolic content (6.84–8.67 mg GAE/100 g), and phytosterol content (54.66–137.73 mg CE/100 g) varied depending on the coconut genotypes. The saturated fatty acid content of testa oils (67.75 to 78.78%) was lower in comparison with that of coconut kernel oils. Similarly, the lauric acid (26.66–32.04%), myristic (18.31–19.60%), and palmitic acid (13.43–15.71%,) content of testa oils varied significantly in comparison with the coconut kernel oils (32–51%, 17–21% and 6.9–14%, respectively). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis revealed the presence of 18 phenolic acids in coconut testa oil. Multivariate analysis revealed the biochemical attributes that defined the principal components loadings. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the genotypes showed two distinct clusters.CONCLUSIONThis study reveals the genotypic variations in the nutritionally important biochemical components of coconut testa oils. The relatively high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polyphenol content in testa oils warrant further investigation to explore their nutraceutical potential. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Heterologous expression of C30 carotenoid biosynthetic gene crtNM from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Authors: Gou Zongqin , Song Xin , Wang Guangqiang , Xia Yongjun , Ai Lianzhong , Xiong Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDProbiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is widely used in the dairy and other fermented food industries. L. plantarum AR113 harbors a C30 carotenoid operon crtNM based on genomic analysis, but the yield of C30 carotenoid is only 8.1 μg g‐1 DCW.RESULTSTo improve the productivity of C30 carotenoid, crtNM from L. plantarum AR113 was cloned and reconstructed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The proteins crtN and crtM were successfully expressed based on a sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) analysis, and the carotenoid was detected using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). In comparison with the constitutive promoter P44, the use of the inducible T7 promoter significantly increased the carotenoid content in E. coli. The fermentation conditions were also optimized with induction by 0.5 mmol/L IPTG at 20 °C for 7 h. The yield of C30 carotenoid reached 154.5 μg g‐1 DCW, which was 18‐fold higher than that of L. plantarum AR113. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity of C30 carotenoids synthesized by heterologous expression in E. coli was also higher than that of the antioxidant food additive butylated hydroxytoluene.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that E. coli has strong potential as a basic chassis for the production of C30 carotenoids from Lactiplantibacillus with high antioxidant activity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Treatment delay and treatment pattern modifications among epithelial ovarian cancer patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Moterani Vinicius Cesar , Moterani Nino Jose Wilson , Candido dos Reis Francisco Jose 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic disrupted healthcare access and medical treatment, including oncological care. Treatment delay in ovarian cancer could impact survival. We aimed to assess if there were delays and treatment changes in a cohort of epithelial ovarian cancer patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort of epithelial ovarian cancer patients included cases diagnosed during the first 22 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the state of Sao Paulo and those diagnosed in the 22 months preceding the outbreak. Time‐to‐treat was measured in days. In each group, surgery and chemotherapy proportions were assessed according to healthcare insurance status.ResultsA 56.2% reduction in epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosis was identified during the pandemic group compared to the prepandemic group; fewer patients were diagnosed in stage I (p < 0.01). Time‐to‐treat increased from 18.9 to 23 days (p < 0.01). Surgery in the public sector fell from 74.6% to 65.3% during the pandemic, compared to 87.1% to 68.8% in the private sector.ConclusionThere were fewer overall diagnoses, reduced stage I diagnosis, increased time‐to‐treat, and a reduction in the proportion of patients submitted to surgery. Brazil's public healthcare system demonstrated a higher resiliency to treatment change than the private sector.
Micro‐galvanic corrosion of duplex stainless steel annealed at different temperatures evaluated by experiments and a numerical simulation model
Authors: Cao Xinfeng , Hu Xiaojun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, micro‐galvanic corrosion of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) annealed at different temperatures with different phase ratios (α/γ) in a 1 M H2SO4 + 1 M NaCl solution is analyzed by zero resistance ammeter (ZRA), immersion and numerical simulation model. COMSOL Multiphysics is used to solve the numerical simulation model and predict the local current density, potential distribution, and morphology of DSS annealed at different temperatures with different phase ratios. The modeling results are in good agreement with the immersion test results, which indicate that the micro‐galvanic corrosion depth of SAF 2205 DSS annealed at different temperatures initially decreases and then increases with the increase in the phase ratios (α/γ). The best micro‐galvanic corrosion resistance is obtained at an annealing temperature of 1100°C.
Mechanical properties of AA6061T6 and AA6351T6 plates joined by friction stir welding
Authors: Prasad L. , Kumar A. , Jaiswal R. , Kumar A. , Kumar V. , Yadav A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, friction stir welding using a vertical milling machine was performed to join 5 mm thick dissimilar AA6061‐T6 and AA6351‐T6 aluminium alloy plates. The friction stir welding was performed with cylindrical and square pin tools at the tool‘s different rotational and transverse speeds. A dye penetration test (non‐destructive test) was performed to check cracks on welded joints′ surfaces. Tensile strength and hardness were investigated, and microstructure was analyzed. It showed that the welded surfaces were free from any cracks. The maximum ultimate tensile strength of 167.95 MPa was recorded for the square tool pin, while the maximum microhardness was 92 RHN for the cylindrical tool pin. The microstructure analysis of the cross‐section of joints revealed good intermixing of material in the stir zone leading to improved mechanical properties for use in aerospace, automobile, and shipbuilding industries by managing the cost of aluminium welding and increased performance.
Influence of plasma nitriding on dry wear, corrosion and tribocorrosion performance of 17‐4 precipitation hardening stainless steel
Authors: Mindivan F. , Aktas G.R. , Bayram A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlasma nitriding treatment of 17‐4 precipitation hardening stainless steels was carried out at 400 °C and 450 °C using a direct current unit. The nitriding layer thicknesses of the plasma nitrided at 400 °C and 450 °C were measured as 37.29 μm and 49.97 μm, respectively. The plasma nitrided sample at 400 °C presented dominant martensite and retained austenite phases; however, the height of main martensite diffraction peaks increased at 450 °C. The hardness results demonstrated that the samples at 400 °C and 450 °C were 2.9 and 3.1 times as hard as the untreated sample, respectively. The wear rate values of the sample at 450 °C showed a decrease by 19 % in the corrosive salt solution and 57 % in the dry‐sliding condition compared with that of untreated sample. The corrosion potential of the sample at 400 °C had more positive potential value and lower current density value than those of at 450 °C. The corrosion resistance of the sample at 400 °C improved due to the positive effect of the retained austenite phase. In this study, the wear was more dominant rather than corrosion, therefore plasma nitrided sample at 450 °C showed the best dry wear and tribocorrosion resistance.
Hydrogen induced cracking and stress corrosion cracking behavior of the weld metals in 17‐4 precipitation hardening stainless steel after double over aging treatment
Authors: Adelian A. , Ranjbar K. , Tavakoli Shoushtari M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis research studied the effect of two‐stage over aging treatment on corrosion behavior of the weld metals in the 17‐4 precipitation hardening stainless steel. Gas tungsten arc welding was performed under solution annealed condition. After the welding, weld metal was subjected to double over aging treatments. Hydrogen induced cracking and stress corrosion cracking standard tests were carried out on weld metals before and after ageing treatment. Charpy impact test and microhardness test were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of weld metals. Microstructural examinations of the welding zones were performed by the optical microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the as‐weld lath and coarse martensite were transferred to severely tempered martensite after over aging treatment with the formation of reversed austenite. In the latter case, the reversed austenite was about 30 % compared to 7 % before over aging treatment. The over aged weld metals were significantly more resistant to hydrogen induced cracking, and exhibited a longer time‐to‐failure in stress corrosion cracking test. The weld metal in the as‐weld condition in hydrogen induced cracking test showed severe cracking and failed rapidly in the stress corrosion cracking test.
Prevalence and Incidence of Nonmotor Symptoms in Individuals with and Without Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Paracha Mariam , Herbst Konnor , Kieburtz Karl , Venuto Charles S. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe prevalence ratio (PR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR) of nonmotor symptoms (NMS) were calculated for early Parkinson's disease (PD) versus non‐PD from 2 observational studies.MethodsNMS were assessed through the self‐reported Non‐Motor Symptom Questionnaire in the online Fox Insight study and through self‐ and clinician‐rated scales in the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) study. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted/matched PR and IRR were estimated for each NMS by PD status using Poisson regression.ResultsMost NMS occurred more frequently in PD. Among 15,194 Fox Insight participants, sexual dysfunction had the largest adjusted PR (12.4 [95% CI, 6.9–22.2]) and dysgeusia/hyposmia had the largest adjusted IRR over a 2‐year median follow‐up (17.0 [95% CI, 7.8–37.1]). Among 607 PPMI participants, anosmia had the largest PR (16.6 [95% CI, 6.1–44.8]). During the 7‐year median follow‐up, hallucinations had the largest IRR (13.5 [95% CI, 6.3–28.8]).ConclusionAlthough many NMS are more common in early PD than in non‐PD, their occurrence may differ with time (hallucinations) or data collection methods (sexual dysfunction).
COVID‐19 during the index hospital admission confers a ‘double‐hit’ effect on hip fracture patients and is associated with a two‐fold increase in 1‐year mortality risk
Authors: Hall Andrew J. , Clement Nicholas D. ,   IMPACT Revisited Group, MacLullich Alasdair M. J. , White Timothy O. , Duckworth Andrew D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aims were to: (1) determine 1‐year mortality rates for hip fracture patients during the first UK COVID‐19 wave, and (2) assess mortality risk associated with COVID‐19.MethodsA nationwide multicentre cohort study was conducted of all patients presenting to 17 hospitals in March‐April 2020. Follow‐up data were collected one year after initial hip fracture (‘index’) admission, including: COVID‐19 status, readmissions, mortality, and cause of death.ResultsData were available for 788/833 (94.6%) patients. One‐year mortality was 242/788 (30.7%), and the prevalence of COVID‐19 within 365 days of admission was 142/788 (18.0%). One‐year mortality was higher for patients with COVID‐19 (46.5% vs. 27.2%; p < 0.001), and highest for those COVID‐positive during index admission versus after discharge (54.7% vs. 39.7%; p = 0.025). Anytime COVID‐19 was independently associated with 50% increased mortality risk within a year of injury (HR 1.50, p = 0.006); adjusted mortality risk doubled (HR 2.03, p < 0.001) for patients COVID‐positive during index admission. No independent association was observed between mortality risk and COVID‐19 diagnosed following discharge (HR 1.16, p = 0.462). Most deaths (56/66; 84.8%) in COVID‐positive patients occurred within 30 days of COVID‐19 diagnosis (median 11.0 days). Most cases diagnosed following discharge from the admission hospital occurred in downstream hospitals.ConclusionAlmost half the patients that had COVID‐19 within 365 days of fracture had died within one year of injury versus 27.2% of COVID‐negative patients. Only COVID‐19 diagnosed during the index admission was associated independently with an increased likelihood of death, indicating that infection during this time may represent a ‘double‐hit’ insult, and most COVID‐related deaths occurred within 30 days of diagnosis.
Gröbner bases plugged into graphical skills to solve a set of multiple bifurcation equations in structural compound stability problems
Authors: Tanaka Masato , Matsubara Seishiro , Schröder Jörg , Fujii Fumio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA core issue in structural multiple bifurcations (MB) in computational engineering is to identify all existing branching paths emanating from the MB point in compound stability problems. The governing MB equations (MBEs) will commonly result in a set of three (or occasionally two) polynomial equations in asymptotic stability theory when the singular stiffness matrix is subject to a rank deficiency of two (i.e., two null eigenvalues). However, no general solution strategy has been established to solve MBEs so far. This study proposes innovative graphical solution ideas to intuitively visualize multiple path branching in 2D‐ and 3D‐spaces of variables. Although the graphical skills display real solutions in specified search areas on a graphical monitor, it is not assured that “all” real roots are detected. The total number of identified real and complex roots of simultaneous equations must be generally consistent with that predicted algebraically to ensure that all real and complex roots are captured in MB. In computational algebra, Gröbner bases are employed to convert a set of polynomial equations into single recursively solvable equations and can be plugged into visualization steps. Therefore, Gröbner bases and graphical skills are complementary and can be applied to numerically solve a set of plate/shell structural MBEs.
Immunohistochemical analysis of caspase expression in the brains of individuals with obesity or overweight
Authors: Gómez‐Apo Erick , Silva‐Pereyra Juan , Soto‐Abraham Virgilia , Mondragón‐Maya Alejandra , Sanchez‐Lopez Javier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMechanisms underlying the negative effects of obesity on the brain are still unknown. Obesity is associated with oxidative stress in the brain and neuroinflammation that promotes neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic low‐grade neuroinflammation in obesity could be associated with lower volumes of gray matter and lower neuronal density. If neuroinflammation mediated by the expression of cytokines and chemokines leads to apoptosis, this can be assessed by examining caspase expression. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of caspases in the 16 brains of donors with obesity/overweight (n = 8; Body Mass Index [BMI] = 31.6 ± 4.35 kg/m2; 2 females; Age = 52.9 ± 4.76 years) and normal weight (n = 8; BMI = 21.8 ± 1.5 kg/m2; 3 females; Age = 37.8 ± 19.2 years). Sixteen human brain samples were processed. Serial paraffin sections were examined by anti‐caspase immunochemistry (caspase‐3, caspase‐4, caspase‐6, caspase‐1, caspase‐8, and caspase‐9 antibodies). Postmortem samples of cerebral cortex tissue were captured as photomicrographs and the images obtained were analyzed using ImageJ software to obtain the percentage of positive caspase expression. Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U tests were performed to compare caspase expression between samples from donors with obesity/overweight and normal weight. Taking into consideration the immunohistochemistry results, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes was used to model molecular interactions. Results showed that brain samples from individuals with obesity/overweight exhibited significantly greater values of positive expression for Caspase‐1 (U = 16.5, p = 0.05, Cohen d = 0.89) and −8 (U = 15, p = 0.03, Cohen d = 0.99) than those from donors with normal weight. This study contributes to the knowledge about the inflammatory effects of obesity/overweight on brain, suggesting the activation of the alternative inflammasome pathway in which interact caspase‐1 and ‐8.
Improving governance outcomes for water quality: Insights from participatory social network analysis for chalk stream catchments in England
Authors: Ball Jennifer , Hauck Jennifer , Holland Robert A. , Lovegrove Amy , Snaddon Jake , Taylor Gail , Peh Kelvin S.‐H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Globally important chalk streams in England are in poor ecological health, in part due to inadequate water quality. Addressing this issue requires an understanding of the governance systems that surround water quality. The complexity and uncertainty inherent in hydrological systems has led to the emergence of integrated and adaptive forms of governance. In these multi‐actor governance systems, the structure of the relationships between actors (the social network) has been shown to affect governance processes and outcomes.

Using participatory social network analysis, we mapped and analysed the social networks for the River Test and River Itchen in Hampshire, United Kingdom, to identify actors and their roles, determine the network characteristics and identify interventions to improve governance.

Although the results suggest a well‐connected network of actors from the state, private sector and civil society, we find that decision‐making is not decentralised. Bureaucratic governance by central state actors dominates. However, trust in these central state actors and private actors in the networks is low, which undermines collaboration and co‐ordination in the network.

Devolving authority to local actors, building trust in the networks and improving connections to important actors could help to improve governance outcomes for water quality.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Dissemination of an evidence‐based behavioral intervention to alleviate distress in caregivers of children recently diagnosed with cancer: Bright IDEAS
Authors: Voll Megan , Fairclough Diane L. , Morrato Elaine H. , McNeal Demetria M. , Embry Leanne , Pelletier Wendy , Noll Robert B. , Sahler Olle Jane Z. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFour multisite randomized clinical trials of > 1400 caregivers of children newly diagnosed with cancer showed that the Bright IDEAS (BI) paradigm of problem‐solving skills training is an acceptable and efficacious approach to alleviating the high levels of distress they experience. To facilitate providing evidence‐based caregiver support as recommended in the pediatric oncology standards of care, the project described here was designed to disseminate BI to 200 psychosocial professionals.ProcedureWe partnered with the Children's Oncology Group (COG), Association of Pediatric Oncology Social Workers (APOSW), Association of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nurses (APHON), and special interest group in pediatric hematology/oncology of the Society for Pediatric Psychology (SPP). Membership surveys revealed substantial enthusiasm for training in BI. We structured training to include review of the evidence base for BI, role plays, and strategies for implementation at individual sites. Four conference calls designed to enhance implementation were held one, two, three, and five months after training.ResultsTen 1.5‐day workshops were held in conjunction with annual meetings of COG, APOSW, APHON, and SPP. A total of 209 psychosocial clinicians from 134 sites were trained. Evaluations were highly favorable. Trainees had provided BI to 545 individuals as of the last conference call.ConclusionsInitial dissemination goals were met. BI is now available at numerous pediatric oncology centers, but it has not become part of routine care. Future work focused on implementation might consider top‐down approaches that include direct communication with pediatric oncologists and hospital leaders about the benefits of incorporating this evidence‐based intervention systemically.