bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND PAKISTAN’S SEHAT SAHULAT PROGRAM: A SNAPSHOT ANALYSIS OF READMISSIONS IN ISLAMABAD CAPITAL TERRITORY
Authors: Mashhadi Syed Fawad , Maroof Saira , Hisam Aliya , Masood Sumaira , Riaz Sonia , Malik Asmara Ahmed , Rifaq Faisal , Khan Shahzad Ali , Hafeez Assad 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To examine the impact of 30-day hospital readmission for non-communicable diseases on limited health-care resources of a low-income country like Pakistan in the light of available data from Pakistan’s Sehat Sahulat Program.
Study Design: Retrospective analytical cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Health Services Academy, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Jul 2020.
Methodology: Secondary data of patients readmitted with non-communicable diseases in Sehat Sahulat Program, Islamabad, Pakistan. Universal sampling technique was utilized. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27.
Results: Islamabad (ICT) stands second highest for readmissions (n=1270) in which the 30-days readmission rate was 13.69%. Maximum number of readmissions were found in 50-59 years (344, 27.12%). Of 1270 ICT readmissions, 559 (44%) cases were readmitted with non-communicable diseases while rest of 711 (56%) cases were readmitted for acute infectious diseases or surgical procedures. Of 559 non-communicable diseases cases, 236 (42.21%) readmissions were having one non-communicable disease, 63 (11.27%) readmissions exhibited two or more non-communicable diseases and 260 (46.51%) were readmitted because of cancers (CA). Among males, the most common malignancy was CA lungs/ bronchus 24 (19.8%) while among females, CA Breast 80 (56.3%).
Conclusion: Non-communicable diseases represent a significant burden on resource constrained, low-income countries. In view of the recurrent admissions that these chronic diseases inevitably incur, better resource allocation may help lessen this burden on fragile health systems creating better clinical outcomes for the penurious strata of Pakistan’s population.
CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOME IN CHILDREN WITH LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS. A SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Noor Nida , Wali Rabia Muhammad , Rehman Annis -Ur- , Bakar Muhammad Abu 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To find out the clinical manifestations, treatment given and outcome of children with diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Study Design: Retrospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan 2005 to Dec 2015.
Methodology: Medical charts were reviewed in detail along with the available imaging for the patients. The data included age at the time of diagnosis, extent of the disease, involvement of risk organs, treatment given, response at 6th week of chemotherapy and at the end of the treatment, and outcome in terms of disease progression during the treatment, relapse of disease on follow up and cause of death either due to treatment related mortality or disease complications.
Results: There were 29 patients, 12 patients (41%) had single system and 17 (58%) had multisystem involvement. 7 patients (41%) had risk organ involvement in the multisystem group. All the patients of multisystem and 6 patients of single system were treated according to the Langerhans cell histiocytosis III protocol. Commonest sites of involvement were bone in 22 (75%), followed by lymph nodes in 18 (62%) patients. Disease relapse was seen in 6 patients and all of them had multisystem disease. Mortality was observed only in multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis patients and more than 50% were risk organ positive.
Conclusion: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a highly heterogeneous disease. Some forms are curable without chemotherapy, while the multisystem disease requires aggressive treatment. However, despite intensive treatment, the multisystem disease and risk organs involved have poor...........
DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MEASURING RETICULOCYTE MATURITY INDICES IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA
Authors: Ahmed Tanweer , Mahmood Asad , Uddin Nasir , Robert Helen Mary , Mahmood Rafia , Swatti Usman Tahir 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of reticulocyte maturity indices in iron deficiency anaemia.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2019 to Jun 2020.
Methodology: A total of 340 children, ages between 1 and 5 years of either gender, were divided into two groups based on haemoglobin and ferritin level. Group A comprised of 203 children with haemoglobin >11 g/dL andferritin level >7 ng/ mL. Group B comprised of 137 children with haemoglobin <11g/dL and ferritin <7 ng/mL. Red blood cell and reticulocyte parameters were compared.
Results: Iron deficiency anaemia was found to be 37.6% in the study population. Comparison revealed that the children in groups B had significantly higher mean red cell distribution width (17.1 ± 1.3% vs. 13.3 ± 1.3%) and significantly lower hemoglobin (9.5 ± 1.0 g/dL vs. 12.7 ± 1.0 g/dL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (21.8 ± 2.5 pg vs. 28.6 ± 2.3 pg), mean corpuscular volume (69.4 ± 3.5 fL vs. 80.4 ± 3.3 fL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (31.5 ± 1.8 g/dL vs. 32.7 ± 1.6 g/dL) and serum ferritin level (4.5 ± 2.6 mg/mL vs. 55.9 ± 32.1 ng/mL). No significant differences in the mean total red blood cell count, hematocrit and reticulocytes between two groups were noted (p>0.05) and significant differences were noted in terms of low, medium & high fluorescence ratios in both groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that medium fluorescence ratio and high fluorescence ratio.......
EFFECT OF FINE PARTICULATE MATTER EXPOSURE ON TRIGGERING DEPRESSIVE-LIKE RESPONSE AND TOTAL BODY WEIGHT IN C57BL/6J MICE
Authors: Saleem Saima , Hamid Shabnam , Iram Maria , Jilani Abdul Basit , Umbreen Faiza , Zakria Iram 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To study the effect of fine particulate matter exposure in instigating depressive-like response and total body weight changes in C57BL/6J mice.
Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with the Military Hospital, Rawalpindi and the National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad, from Jun to Sep 2020.
Methodology: Thirty male and female C57BL/6 mice, 8 weeks of age, weighing 37 ± 2 gm were obtained from NIH, Islamabad. They were retained in separate cages in the animal house of NIH under standard laboratory conditions. The animals were divided into two groups, 15 mice in each group (8 males and 7 females) Group A was marked as control, received regular diet and water ad libitum. Group B (experimental group) received dynamic inhalation of 3 mg/m³ fine particles (soot) through air circulation for 6h/d for 12 weeks, in a plastic cabin measuring 2x2x2 feet fitted with two small fans for evenly distribution of PM. The initial and final weight of animals was recorded, and a tail suspension test was performed to assessdepression in form of immobility.
Result: The experimental group after exposure to fine particulate matter showed decreased activity and behavioural deficits with p-value <0.001 and loss in total body weight as compared to the control group with a p-value <0.001.
Conclusion: Fine particulate matter has a significant effect on behaviour and cognition. It also causes a decrease in the total body weight of animals due to stress and agitation.
NUTRITIONAL STATUS ASSESSMENT OF ORPHANAGE CHILDREN IN RAWALPINDI
Authors: Riaz Mehwish , Azam Naila , Mahmood Humaira , Asif Raima , Khan Nazish , Mughal Fatima Ali Raza 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the health and nutritional status of the orphanage, to find frequency of nutritional deficiencies by physical examination findings and to assess their dietary intake and contrast it with individual recommended daily allowances.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Four orphanages of Rawalpindi, from Jan to May 2020.
Methodology: Study was conducted at four orphanages of Rawalpindi on 276 children and adolescents. Children and adolescents in age group of 5-18 years and if they are resident of institution for more than 60 months were included in the study, while children who were extremely sick and mentally retarded were excluded from the study. Data was collected through questionnaire including demographic information, anthropometric assessment, nutritional deficiencies on physical examination and 24 hours food recall. Data was analyzed on SPSS 24.
Results: Results showed that 34 (17%) children and adolescents were underweight, 99 (49.5%) stunted, 21 (10.5%) showed thinness and 9 (4.5%) were overweight. Most common nutrient deficiency was protein calorie malnutrition, Iron deficiency and vitamin A and B 12 deficiency. Study population was consuming less protein, Iron and fats in diet as compared to recommended daily allowances.
Conclusion: Institutionalized children and adolescents are at risk of developing malnutrition due to financial constraints and ignorance of caregivers, which can lead to ill health of children. Programs are required to be undertaken for nutritional development of the orphanage children.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF ANTIBIOTIC-STEROID AND ICHTHAMMOL GLYCERINE WICK IN TREATMENT OF ACUTE OTITIS EXTERNA
Authors: Khan Maryam , Butt Kamran Ashfaq Ahmed , Riaz Naeem , Hassan Zaheer Ul , Ahmed Attique , Wasif Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of steroid antibiotic wick with Ichthammol Glycerol wick in the management of Acute Otitis Externa in terms of tenderness and clearance of discharge/debris.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: ENT Out Patient department of Combined Military Hospital Peshawar and Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, from May to Nov 2018.
Methodology: A total of 250 patients were included and divided into two groups of 125 each. After necessary suction clearance topical Ciprofloxacin/Dexamethasone (Cipotec-D) wick was placed in auditory canal of group A patients and topical Glycerol/Ichthammol wick was placed in group B. Follow up visits were done on 3rd and 7th day of starting the treatment.
Results: Group A patients responded better in terms of tenderness (88%) however both groups had similar response in terms of discharge reduction (7.2% vs 6.4%). In terms of efficacy neither of the treatment proved more efficacious compared to the other (p-value 0.058).
Conclusion: While steroid antibiotic wick is significantly more efficient in terms reducing tenderness, in terms of overall efficacy and discharge reduction Ichthammol/glycerol is equally effective.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL INFERIOR TURBINECTOMY AND ENDOSCOPIC INFERIOR TURBINOPLASTY FOR TREATMENT OF INFERIOR TURBINATE HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Rafique Atif , Raza Maqbool , Khattak Shahid Farooq , Ali Muhammad , Azam Khalid , Zubair Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare efficacy of endoscopic turbinoplasty versus conventional inferior turbinectomy for hypertrophy of inferior turbinate.
Study Design: Comparative prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Department Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Multan, from Jun 2019 to May 2020.
Methodology: This study comprised of 50 patients of various age groups and both genders. Patients were grouped into two groups A and B, each group having 25 patients through random sampling. Patients in group A had endoscopic turbinoplasty whereas patients in group B had partial turbinectomy through conventional surgical method. Patients were followed regularly in both groups and were inspected postoperatively at 2 weeks, after 1 month and after 3 months.
Results: Patients who underwent Endoscopic turbinoplasty experienced less pain (p˂0.05) postoperatively at 2 weeks compared to conventional surgical turbinectomy. In addition, these patients showed statistically significant healing and reduced crusting at 1 month postoperatively. At 3 months post operatively all patients had healed completely as opposed to only 72% with surgical turbinectomy.
Conclusion: Endoscopic turbinoplasty is more effective than conventional surgical technique for inferior turbinate hypertrophy as it leads to less post-operative pain, reduced nasal crusting and earlier healing.
Der mentale Text. Zu den Entstehungsprozessen von Kalevala und Nibelungenlied
Authors: Niedling Christian 
Published: January 2022

Der Beitrag vergleicht die Diskussion der Epengenese des Nibelungenliedes im Spektrum der Theorien Karl Lachmanns und Andreas Heuslers und den so genannten Kalevala-Prozess. Beide Epen werden als semi-oral bzw. traditionsorientiert betrachtet. Den Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung bilden die Prolegomena ad Homerum Friedrich August Wolfs von 1795 und die daraus entstandene Homerische Frage. Die Auseinandersetzung mit Wolf beeinflusste die Nibelungenforschung nachhaltig und stimulierte den so genannten Kalevala-Prozess in entscheidender Weise. Für die Entstehung des Kalevala sind auch die zeitgenössische Ossian-Debatte und Herders Einflüsse zu berücksichtigen.
Die Dokumentation der mündlichen finno-karelischen Sängertradition – der Dichtung hinter dem Kalevala – sowie des Epenprozesses des Kalevala ermöglicht die Betrachtung der Epenentstehung aus der traditionalistischen und der individualistischen Perspektive, d. h. der Überlieferungsprozesse, Variationsbildung und des Sänger-Individuums. Das Konzept des „mentalen Textes“ von Lauri Honko wird daran anknüpfend mit aktuellen Ansätzen der Nibelungenüberlieferung im semi-oralen bzw. traditionsorientierten Bereich verglichen.
Chandra Muzaffar, Exploring Religion in Our Time
Authors: Hazri Tengku Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

The cliche is now almost ubiquitous, that religion is back on stage and is now defining the shape of the public sphere. If the West once heralded the Promethean revolt against Heaven, it is now acknowledging that religion is a force to be reckoned with, insofar as it is now recognised that the secular and loss of the transcendent from the vision of humanity has been responsible for many of humanity’s catastrophes today.
Mohamed Ajmal Abdul Razak (ed.), Islam Hadhari: Bridging Tradition and Modernity
Authors: Mustapha Norhayati 
Published: January 2022

As a manner of introduction, the editor of the book under review gives the background to Islam Hadhari or Civilisational Islam, essentially a comprehensive blueprint for progress postulated by the then Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato’ Seri (now Tun) Abdullah Ahmad Badawi in the 2004 National Front Manifesto.
In “Civilizational Dialogue and the Islamic World”, Seyyed Hossein Nasr traces the Greek, Sanskrit, and Latin Christian origins of the word ‘civilisation’. He speaks of the “Presiding Idea”, or “heavenly-given dispensation” that underlies all traditional civilisations, and attributes the decline of Islamic civilisation from the eighteenth century onward partly to colonisation and partly to the (erroneous) efforts of the Muslims themselves to uncritically emulate the West. Islamic civilisation, he concludes, is still best suited for inter-civilisational dialogue, occupying as it does the globe’s “middle belt”.
Response to Daniel Martin Varisco: Review of Christoph Marcinkowski (transl., intro.): Measures and Weights in the Islamic World. An English Translation of Professor Walther Hinz's Handbook 'Islamische Mase und Gewichte', with a foreword by Professor Clif
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph 
Published: January 2022

Since its publication, Measures and Weights in the Islamic World has established itself as a standard work - at least in the English-speaking Muslim world.
There can be no doubt that reviews, when done out of purely professional interest, might be considered a valuable tool for raising scholarly standards. The reviewer is not personally known to me as we are apparently working in different fields - Varisco (Hofstra University, Hempstead NY, United States) seems to be largely involved in anthropology, with emphasis on Yemen, whereas I have so far contributed toward the study of contemporary and historical Shi’ism as well as security issues and Iranian Studies.
Barry Wain, Malaysian Maverick: Mahathir Mohamad in Turbulent Times
Authors: Bakar Osman 
Published: January 2022

The content of this book under review seems to justify its title. Those who know Mahathir Mohamad - the former Malaysian Prime Minister - quite well both as a person and as a political leader would have no hesitation in agreeing with the book’s author to call him the Malaysian maverick. Barry Wain has the qualification to write about Mahathir’s political career and his successes and failures as a political leader. An Australian journalist with much experience in the profession, Wain has lived in Asia for nearly 40 years, including covering Malaysia from 1984 to 1992 for the Asian Wall Street Journal.
The Shari'ah's Stand on Abandoned Children
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim 
Published: January 2022

Muslim jurists have addressed the issue of an abandoned child (laqit) from different angles beginning with the existence of a basic obligation to save its life. There is general consensus that it is a collective obligation (fard al-kifayah) of the community to save the abandoned child, and it is an obligation in the first place of the individual who finds it. That obligation is elevated to an emphatic personal duty (fard al-ayn) of the finder in the event of imminent fear over the death and injury of the child. This is due to he explicit Qur’anic emphasis on the sanctity of life contained in the injunction that “one who saves one life is as if he has saved the whole of humankind”. It is accordingly regarded as an act of great merit and service to humanity for the one who actually saves life.
The Blame-Game: The Politicisation of Western and Muslim Sexual Vices
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph 
Published: January 2022

In 2005, the Research Centre of Malaysia’s International Islamic University (IIUM) published a study entitled Sexual Identity: Effeminacy among University Students which features a shocking documentation of male Malay Muslim youths openly engaging in ‘cross-gender’ dressing and other ‘immoral’ acts with fellow (male) students on the campus of IIUM - Malaysia’s prime institution of Islamic higher education. The following addresses this serious issue which is also closely related to the topic of the present issue of this journal - the present-day ideals and realities of the family institution.
Understanding the Causes of the Debt-Crisis: Interest-Based Financing
Authors: Abdullah (Leslie Terebessy) Abdul Karim 
Published: January 2022

This article looks at riba-based financing from the perspective of efficiency, within the context of Islam. In particular, it tries to address the question whether interest-based financing results in a more efficient allocation of resources, as claimed by its supporters, than financing on the basis of profit and loss sharing, as claimed by the supporters of Islamic finance. Efficiency is used in this article primarily in its macroeconomic sense, in which it signifies the production of goods and services that meet the needs of the people, without generating persistent surpluses or shortages.
The Value of Islamic Tourism: Perspectives from the Turkish Experience
Authors: Duman Teoman 
Published: January 2022

The aims of this article are twofold. One is to propose a framework to better understand the terms Islamic tourism and value. Marketing scholars have long studied perceived value and proposed various conceptualisations of the term. However, further explorations are needed to broaden the concept so as to fit the needs and expectations of Muslim consumers. Although Muslims make up one of the largest tourist markets in the world, the perceived value of tourism offerings oriented toward this market has not been clearly defined. Therefore, a framework to present an Islamic view of the concept constitutes the first aim of this article. A second aim is to provide an overview of the halal tourism market in Turkey. Current developments in the Turkish halal tourism market and the value of Turkish tourism offerings are discussed in detail. Current issues and proposals for future studies are addressed at the end of the article.
The Arab Spring: Malaysian Responses
Authors: Bakar Osman 
Published: January 2022

The Malaysian public generally, and political observers and academics in particular, have been following the unfolding of events in the Arab world - the so-called Arab Spring - since the beginning with great interest and also deep concern. There was great interest among Malaysians, because the phenomenon was unexpected and extraordinary. They do feel that the Arabs deserve a real change for the better, especially in the political sphere. However, like many Arabs themselves, they are used to being pessimistic about genuine change in the Arab world. With this kind of pessimism, many Malaysians see the eruption of the people’s protests as something unexpected.
Many are the Crimes Committed in the Name of Islam
Authors: Fakhro Ali Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

During the French Revolution, a cry began to spread: “Oh, Freedom, How many crimes are committed in your name!” Today, in Arab and Muslim lands, we appear to need a similar rallying call: “Oh Islam, How many crimes are committed in your name!”
The Arab and Islamic worlds do not have the right any longer to disregard or pass over in silence the crimes that sweep across the planet on a daily basis in the name of Islam. It is not only a matter of mistakes and excesses committed under the false banner of jihad for Islam. These are unspeakably crazed and wanton crimes, sordid and full of treachery. There can be no doubt that they are committed to the beat of Satan’s drumming the Satan who is the enemy of both God and Man. They are terrifying events that defame Islam’s reputation and disgrace Muslims, and distort the meaning and objectives of the Quranic message and key terms such as al-jihad, as well as other words that are arbitrarily wrested from their context in a Holy Quranic verse to be deployed in political skirmishes.
R. Skidelsky and C. W. Wigstrom, Eds., The Economic Crisis and the State of Economics
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Karim 
Published: January 2022

The Economic Crisis and the State of Economics, published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2010, is a product of a symposium held with the purpose of identifying the causes of the current financial crisis as well as prescribing remedies. Robert Skidelsky, organiser of the symposium, is a British economic historian, former politician, and author of the acclaimed three-volume biography of J. M. Keynes. He is Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, UK. Christian Westerlind Wigstrom is a graduate student of philosophy at Merton College, Oxford.
Sarmila Bose, Dead Reckoning: Memories of the 1971 Bangladesh War
Authors: Al-Mubarak Tawfique 
Published: January 2022

In 1971, by a devastating war, Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) achieved independence from (West) Pakistan. Since then, both parties have documented and presented their research findings on the war. However, many of these findings have lacked credibility. Perhaps the only objective account on the 1971 war has been Richard Sisson and Leo Rose’s War and Secession: Pakistan, India and the Creation of Bangladesh (1991). Sarmila Bose’s recent work, Dead Reckoning, today constitutes a significant contribution to the research on Bangladesh’s war of independence, all the more so for its unique methodology in using multiple sources of original information and cross-checked eyewitness testimonies from all parties involved. Pakistani army personnel as well as Bangladeshi muktijoddhas (freedom fighters) and victims of the war were interviewed to authenticate currently available materials, many of which appear to have been exaggerated with the force of emotion. This distinguishes the work from many other books authored by proponents of either party to the conflict. This book is certainly an eye-opener for researchers on the 1971 war.