bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meso-Level Dynamics of Atrocities
Authors: Jacobs Rachel , Straus Scott 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes the meso-level dimensions of mass atrocity, which is illustrated through cases of genocide in Rwanda and Darfur, Sudan, and communist mass violence in Cambodia. This chapter asks how meso-level actors shape the patterns of violence during mass atrocity. In doing so, the authors offer three pathways through which meso-level actors can escalate, or restrain, violence. The three pathways are: first, top-down policies of violence that meso-level actors put into place; second, from-the-middle dynamics where meso-level actors escalate violence for their own independent interests; and third, information distortions by meso-level actors about the progress of national policies that lead to deaths.
Sexual Violence as a Practice of War
Authors: Thuy Seelinger Kim , Wood Elisabeth Jean 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the implications of recent social science on sexual violence by armed actors for the investigation and prosecution of atrocity crimes. It focuses on a fundamental challenge to both: rape and other forms of sexual violence may be committed frequently by members of an armed organization without being ordered or authorized as policy. This, we term a practice. When frequent, it is driven by the gender norms held by combatants and those held by commanders. Attention to these social dynamics enhances prosecutors’ gender analysis and investigation of an armed conflict, illuminating the relationships between different acts of violence. Charging sexual violence that occurs as a practice calls for specific characterizations of the offense and type of responsibility. Because it features complicity, tolerance, and foreseeability, modes of liability such as aiding and abetting, command/superior responsibility, and joint criminal enterprise are most relevant.
Customary Responses
Authors: Quinn Joanna R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne approach to dealing with conflict and atrocity has been the use of traditional or customary practices. Such practices are well beyond the scope of most discussions of transitional justice and other post-conflict rebuilding scenarios, which tend to include now-standard practices like truth commissions, trials, and compensation. Yet the literature shows that customary practices are often used after atrocity to help with the rebuilding process. This chapter first argues that their use mimics many of the other practices of transitional justice; and second, it considers the modalities by which such practices could be used in dealing with atrocity crimes.
Trance-Forming the Nation
Authors: Schmidt Joshua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Israel is a transnational epicenter for psychedelic trance-dance music and culture whose central activity involves attending festive dance parties. While initially avant-garde, currently idiosyncratic forms of trance-dance culture are found among diverse mainstream Israeli communities. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, the chapter examines paradoxes in the way that national-Orthodox Israeli youth apply trance-dance events to assuage current-day needs and concerns.
Three Reflections on the Holocaust
Authors: Pappas Rebecca , Shilling Alexx , Hyman Yehuda , Miller Suzanne 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this chapter the choreographers Alexx Shilling, Yehuda Hyman, and Suzanne Miller describe dances that both respond to and turn away from the defining legacy of the Holocaust. Shilling narrates the creation of her performance work Absence: A History. For both Shilling and her performers, the stage became a laboratory for re-imagining and re-embodying ancestral histories—destabilizing testimony and photography as the primary means of remembering. Hyman, vacationing in Germany, discovered that a memorial fountain had been built on the unexcavated remains of a former synagogue. He writes an instruction manual on how to prepare and execute a Jewish dance action and logs the action itself as well as its repercussions over the following two years. Moshe, Moishe, Moses documents Needle and Thread, a commemorative performance that grew from a list of six hundred names of Holocaust victims collected by Yad Vashem World Holocaust Remembrance Center. Miller discusses how a rigorous choreography provides a means to bear the loss and honor the lineage of her Jewish forebears.
(Not Just) Az der rebbe tantst
Authors: Gellerman Jill 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter sketches a nuanced survey of Hasidic dance from the eighteenth-century East European Jewish repertoire to twenty-first-century American practice. In this study, examining the collective body of dance involves both men’s and women’s traditions, co-territorial intersections, stylistic variations, neo-Hasidic interpretations, and gender differences at dance events. Consequently, the study challenges the notion of what has come to be considered “Hasidic dance” and suggests a more inclusive portrait in the modern era beyond the quintessential dancing rebbe. The essay addresses debates on definition, anti-Hasidic polemics, and Hasidic oral tradition as early dance documents, Jewish nationalism and neo-Hasidic dance, dance details in Yiddish literature, and ethnography, the undo-ing of neat divisions between secular and sacred in simcha dancing, and the impact of the Holocaust on Hasidic dance.
Mapping a Mizrahi Presence in Israeli Concert Dance
Authors: Spiegel Nina S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates the movement influence of one sector of the Mizrahi community on the development of Israeli concert dance: the Yemenite Jewish community. While Yemenite Jewish traditional movement has served as a form of inspiration for a variety of concert dance creations in Israel, its reception and representation have remained complex in Israeli society. Moreover, in depictions of Israeli concert dance, this influence is often sidelined. Although this chapter is not comprehensive, it nonetheless seeks to shift the lens by demonstrating the centrality and continued presence of choreography based on Yemenite themes throughout Israeli history, showing how its reception is interconnected with Mizrahi/Ashkenazi relations in Israeli society, and exploring interpretations of the term “ethnic” and aesthetics of Israeli concert dance. The piece addresses Baruch Agadati, Rina Nikova, and Rachel Nadav in the British Mandate era; and Sara Levi Tanai, Margalit Oved, and Barak Marshall in the statehood era.
From the Other Side
Authors: Feder Dege 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dege Feder was born and raised in a village of devout Ethiopian Jews. The dream of immigrating from Ethiopia to “Yerusalem” (Jerusalem) was a shared one among the people of her village and had been passed down for generations. At the age of eight, Feder immigrated by foot to Yerusalem in secret from the Ethiopian government. This chapter tells the story of Feder’s introduction to movement and her growth as a choreographer through a series of interview questions. In the chapter, she explains how both Ethiopian and Israeli cultures have influenced her work. Feder also touches on what challenges came alongside transitioning from her home village to Yerusalem.
Notes on the Earliest Greco-Syriac Reception of the Dionysian Corpus
Authors: Perczel István 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe first public appearance of the Dionysian Corpus is linked to the intellectual circle of Severus of Antioch, who prized the corpus since they saw in its assertion of the composition with humanity of the ‘simple Jesus’ and in his ‘god-manly activity’ a vindication of their own Christology. This chapter passes under review the earliest textual citations from the corpus and compares them to the corresponding texts in the first Syriac translation by Sergius, the chief physician of Reshaina, who is also the founder of the Syriac philosophical translation movement. Through a comparative philological analysis, the chapter shows that the early citations partly coincide with the form of the text, in which Sergius’ translation contains them, and partly constitute free elaborations upon those. Especially, the strong dyophysite elements that are in the original text of the Dionysian Corpus had to be eliminated or reinterpreted. There is reason, therefore, to posit an earlier Greek redaction, which was current until a new edition, constituting a thorough revision of the first redaction, was made by John of Scythopolis, whose aim was, among others, to sanitize this dubious authority. Given the important role of the Dionysian Corpus in the theological debates, there was need for a koine text that allowed the contesting parties to conduct meaningful debates around it. John’s edition served as such a vulgate version, but there continued the editorial interventions and the translatorial solutions to enhance the text’s value as a witness to their authors’ own theological positions.
John of Scythopolis and the Dionysian Corpus
Authors: Regina Suchla Beate 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The theologian, philosopher, and bishop John of Scythopolis wrote a prologue and scholia to the four treatises and ten letters of Dionysius Areopagita. With this, he was the first scholiast of the Dionysian writings, and his efforts put him at the beginning of a long succession of high-profile commentators and interpreters. His prologue is a well-thought-out composition, which defends the integrity, authenticity, and orthodoxy of the apostolic Dionysius. John’s effort to prove the orthodoxy continues throughout the scholia, which consider the Dionysian treatises and letters primarily from four theological aspects: doctrine of the Trinity, Christology, creation, and eschatology.
Origen’s Pauline Commentaries
Authors: Cocchini Francesca 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Origen greatly admired Paul and used to look at Paul’s apostolate as a model for his own ministry of the Word. The Commentary on Philemon seems to have been Origen’s first commentary on Paul’s letters and it should be seen as a general introduction to the whole Pauline corpus. Most of Origen’s commentaries and homilies on Paul have been transmitted unto us only through indirect tradition: anthologies (the Apology for Origen, composed by Pamphilus and the patristic catenae of the Byzantine age) or lengthy quotations in other works (some of Jerome’s Epistles and Commentaries, the Ecclesiastical History by Eusebius). However, Origen’s most extensive surviving work on Paul’s exegesis is the Commentary on Romans, preserved in Ruphinus’ Latin translation (and adaptation) which is generally regarded as substantially reliable and provides us with an extensive essay as an example of Origen’s exegetical methodology. Although the Pauline letters normally gives only a limited access to allegorical interpretation, nevertheless Origen largely develops his typical spiritual interpretation by making even more explicit the pervasive presence of the Logos in the Apostle’s writings.
Origen’s New Homilies on the Psalms
Authors: Perrone Lorenzo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In 2012 an anonymous collection of 29 psalm homilies was discovered in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek of Munich, and later in that year after a careful checking of the homilies against external sources such as Rufinus and Jerome and internal comparisons with Origen’s works, they were announced to be by Origen. While Origen produced a huge corpus of works on the Psalms, including commentaries, homilies, and scholia, very little of this has survived. The only surviving text of full Psalm homilies previously available was that of Rufinus’ translation of nine homilies on Psalms 36–38. Most of these new homilies were unknown before this discovery. The new homilies shed light on Origen’s literary style as well as on his thought. They appear to come from the later segment of Origen’s life and provide a more complete picture of Origen the Christian and theological scholar.
Difficulties in Writing the Life of Origen
Authors: Urbano Arthur P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The author examines the forces at play in shaping the reception of the figure of Origen himself, either as man of the Church, heretic, or scholar. He compiles and examines the layers of evidence by genres—letters from Origen to Gregory, Africanus, Fabianus; witnesses of contemporaries, including the philosopher Porphyry; portraits from Caesarea, the Apology and Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History, and finally Epiphanius, the heresiarch. By evaluating the ancient and modern scholarly interests in the discussion of each piece of Origen’s biography, the processes of tradition formation begin to appear in their diversity and complexity.
Origen’s Biblical Interpretation and Classical Forensic Rhetoric
Authors: Dunn Geoffrey D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates the presence of classical rhetoric in Origen’s Commentarium in Epistolam ad Romanos. While others suggest that in a genre devoted to exposition rather than persuasion we should not expect to find rhetorical techniques, the position adopted here is that even exposition is an exercise in persuasion. While it is true that there is little ethos or pathos in this commentary, there are many elements of rational argumentation present. Origen’s commentary was directed against Marcionite and Valentinian Gnostic opponents in which Origen took up the conjectural issue to defend the idea of human free will and refute Gnostic determinism. We also find Origen’s reading of Romans being opposed to anthropomorphism. The work has a forensic quality to it in parts, although a great deal of it does not have an identifiable opponent. Even when Origen attempted to reconcile conflicting passages he was engaged in a typical rhetorical tactic.
Arabidopsis HOPS subunit VPS41 carries out plant-specific roles in vacuolar transport and vegetative growth
Authors: Jiang Dong , He Yilin , Zhou Xiangui , Cao Zhiran , Pang Lei , Zhong Sheng , Jiang Liwen , Li Ruixi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex is a conserved, multi-subunit tethering complex in eukaryotic cells. In yeast and mammalian cells, the HOPS subunit vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 (VPS41) is recruited to late endosomes after Ras-related protein 7 (Rab7) activation and is essential for vacuole fusion. However, whether VPS41 plays conserved roles in plants is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), VPS41 localizes to distinct condensates in root cells in addition to its reported localization at the tonoplast. The formation of condensates does not rely on the known upstream regulators but depends on VPS41 self-interaction and is essential for vegetative growth regulation. Genetic evidence indicates that VPS41 is required for both homotypic vacuole fusion and cargo sorting from the adaptor protein complex 3, Rab5, and Golgi-independent pathways but is dispensable for the Rab7 cargo inositol transporter 1. We also show that VPS41 has HOPS-independent functions in vacuolar transport. Taken together, our findings indicate that Arabidopsis VPS41 is a unique subunit of the HOPS complex that carries out plant-specific roles in both vacuolar transport and developmental regulation.
Exploring the impact of knife imagery in anti-knife crime campaigns
Authors: Ramshaw Nicole , Dawson Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In response to rising knife crime levels across England and Wales, mass-media campaigns have sought to highlight the dangers of knife possession by publishing graphic pictures of blades and seized weapons. But what impact does such imagery have on a young audience? Using an experimental design embedded within a London Youth Survey, findings from the current article suggest that knife imagery can help to get the attention of young people, but may also make them feel scared and more worried about knife crime. Moreover, exploratory moderation analyses suggest the impact of knife imagery on feeling scared may be heightened amongst those already most concerned about knife crime. Policy implications are discussed—not least the extent to which it may be desirable to raise young people’s concerns about crime when the decision to carry a knife may itself be grounded in fear of victimization and self-protection.
New indicator for discordance between patient-reported and traditional disease activity outcomes in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Pazmino Sofia , Lovik Anikó , Boonen Annelies , De Cock Diederik , Stouten Veerle , Joly Johan , Doumen Michaël , Bertrand Delphine , Westhovens René , Verschueren Patrick 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
To unravel disease impact in early RA by separately quantifying patient-reported (PRF), clinical (CF) and laboratory (LF) factors. We propose a new indicator, the discordance score (DS), for early identification and prediction of patient’s unmet needs and of future achievement of sustained remission (SR) and RA-related quality of life (QoL).

Methods
Factor-scores obtained by factor analysis in the CareRA trial, allowed to compute DS, reflecting the difference between PRF and the mean of CF and LF. Improvement from baseline to week 104 (%) and area-under-the-curve (AUC) across time points per factor-score were calculated and compared between patients achieving/not achieving sustained (week 16–104) remission (DAS28CRP &lt; 2.6) with ANOVA. Logistic and linear regressions were used to predict SR based on previous factor and discordance scores, and QoL at year 1 and 2 based on DS at week 16.

Results
PRF, CF and LF scores improved rapidly within 8 weeks. PRF improved 57%, CF 90% and LF 27%, in those achieving SR, compared with 32% (PRF: P = 0.13), 77% (CF: P &lt; 0.001) and 9% (LF: P = 0.36) in patients not achieving SR. Patients achieving SR had an AUC of 15.7, 3.4 and 4.8 for PRF, CF and LF, respectively, compared with 33.2, 10.1 and 7.2 in participants not achieving SR (P &lt; 0.001 for all). Early discordance was associated with later factor scores, QoL and self-efficacy.

Conclusions
All factor scores improved rapidly, especially in patients achieving sustained remission. Patient-reported burden improved less. Discordance scores could help predicting the need for additional non-pharmacological interventions to achieve sustained remission and decrease disease impact.
In rheumatoid arthritis patients, total IgA1 and IgA2 levels are elevated: implications for the mucosal origin hypothesis
Authors: Derksen Veerle F A M , Allaart Cornelia F , Van der Helm-Van Mil Annette H M , Huizinga Tom W J , Toes René E M , van der Woude Diane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveMucosal initiated immune responses may be involved in the pathophysiology of RA. The most abundant immunoglobulin at mucosal surfaces is IgA, of which two subclasses exist: IgA1 and IgA2. IgA2 is mainly present at mucosal sites and has been ascribed pro-inflammatory properties. As IgA subclasses might provide insights into mucosal involvement and pro-inflammatory mechanisms, we investigated IgA responses in sera of RA patients.MethodsIn two cohorts of RA patients, the EAC and IMPROVED, total IgA1 and IgA2 were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, IgA subclass levels of RF and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (anti-CCP2) were determined. The association of these IgA subclass levels with CRP and smoking was investigated.ResultsTotal IgA1 and IgA2 were increased in RA patients compared with healthy donors in both cohorts. This increase was more pronounced in seropositive RA vs seronegative RA. For RF and anti-CCP2, both IgA1 and IgA2 could be detected. No strong associations were found between IgA subclasses (total, RF and anti-CCP2) and CRP. In smoking RA patients, a trend towards a selective increase in total IgA2 and RF IgA1 and IgA2 was observed.ConclusionRA patients have raised IgA1 and IgA2 levels. No shift towards IgA2 was observed, indicating that the increase in total IgA is not due to translocation of mucosal IgA into the bloodstream. However, mucosal inflammation might play a role, given the association between smoking and total IgA2 levels. Despite its pro-inflammatory properties, IgA2 does not associate strongly with pro-inflammatory markers in RA patients.
COVID-19 infection and hospitalization risk according to vaccination status and DMARD treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cordtz René , Kristensen Salome , Westermann Rasmus , Duch Kirsten , Pearce Fiona , Lindhardsen Jesper , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Andersen Mikkel P , Dreyer Lene 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to investigate the incidence of COVID-19 hospitalization in unvaccinated and vaccinated patients with RA compared with matched controls, and in patients with RA according to DMARD treatment.

Methods
This was a Danish nationwide matched-cohort study from January to October 2021. Patients with RA were identified in the DANBIO register and matched 1:20 with individuals from the general population on age, sex, and vaccination status. Primary and secondary outcomes were COVID-19 hospitalization (Danish National Patient Register) and first-time positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test (Danish COVID-19 Surveillance Register), respectively. Stratified by vaccination status, incidence rates (IRs) per 1000 person years (PYs) and comorbidity-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) in cause-specific Cox models were calculated with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
In total, 28 447 unvaccinated patients and 568 940 comparators had IRs for COVID-19 hospitalization of 10.4 (8.0–13.4) and 4.7 (4.3–5.1) per 1000 PYs, respectively (aHR 1.88, 1.44–2.46). When fully vaccinated, corresponding IRs were 0.9 (0.5–1.6) and 0.5 (0.4–0.6) per 1000 PYs (aHR 1.94, 1.03–3.66). Unvaccinated RA patients had an aHR of 1.22 (1.09–1.57) for testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 1.09 (0.92–1.14) among vaccinated RA patients. Vaccinated rituximab-treated patients had increased crude IR of COVID-19 hospitalization compared with conventional DMARD–treated patients.

Conclusion
The incidence of COVID-19 hospitalization was increased for both unvaccinated and vaccinated patients with RA compared with controls. Importantly, the parallel decreasing risk for patients with RA suggests a comparable relative benefit of vaccination in most patients.