bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-230 A Story Told in Four Parts: Embedded Validity Indicators’ Effectiveness in Predicting Word Choice Test Validity Classification
Authors: Basurto Karen S , Tse Phoebe K , Wisinger Amanda M , Obolsky Maximillian A , Ovsiew Gabriel P , Resch Zachary J , Soble Jason R , Jennette Kyle J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Many individual embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) have been independently cross-validated as validity indices among various clinical populations; however, research examining the additional predictive value from combining multiple embedded PVTs is more limited. The study's purpose was to examine the accuracy of eight embedded PVTs for predicting pass/failure performance on a well-validated freestanding PVT, the Advanced Clinical Solutions: Word Choice Test (WCT).
Method: The study consisted of 225 adults referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation that included the following embedded PVTs: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Forced Choice (FC), RAVLT Effort Score, Brief Visual Memory Test-Revised Recognition Discrimination (BVMT-RD), Digit Span Age Corrected Scaled Score, Reliable Digit Span, Stroop Color and Word Test Word Reading T-Score, Letter Fluency T-Score, and Trail Making Test Part A T-Score. The sample was 56% female and racially diverse (40% Black, 35% White, 17% Hispanic, 5% Asian, and 2% other ethnicities) with a mean age of 45.96 (SD=16.12) and mean education of 13.96 (SD=2.73) years.
Results: A forward stepwise logistic regression was performed to predict WCT pass/fail using the embedded PVTs as predictors. The model was achieved in three steps (p95% accuracy in correctly classifying WCT pass group.
Conclusion: RAVLT-FC, BVMT-RD, and TMT-A combined reliably predict WCT pass/fail group. Verbal and attention based embedded PVTs were found to have the most robust predictive capacity of WCT validity status.
A-232 Head-To-Head Comparison of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test Effort Score and Forced Choice Embedded Performance Validity Indicators Among Patients with and without Verbal Memory Impairment
Authors: Barwegen Kearston , Resch Zachary J , Ovsiew Gabriel P , Jennette Kyle J , Soble Jason R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: This study directly compared the classification accuracies of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Effort Score (ES) and Forced Choice (FC) embedded performance validity indicators among patients with and without verbal memory impairment.
Methods: This study included data from 268 ethnoracially and diagnostically diverse (41% Black; 36% White; 16 % Hispanic; 5% Asian; 2% other), with mean age of 46.13 (SD=16.08) and mean education of 13.91 years (SD=2.80). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses assessed classification accuracy via areas under the curve (AUCs) and facilitated selection of optimal cut-scores and their associated sensitivities/specificities for the RAVLT ES and FC among the unimpaired verbal memory (≥37T) (n=135) and impaired memory (≤36T) (n=76) subsamples.
Results: Among the overall sample, ES has acceptable classification accuracy (AUC=.724), with an optimal cutoff of ≤2 (26% sensitivity/90% specificity). FC also had acceptable accuracy (AUC = .764), with an optimal cut score ≤12 (47% sensitivity/90% specificity). For the unimpaired group, ES (AUC = .863) had an optimal cut score of ≤10 (67% sensitivity/90% specificity) and Forced Choice (AUC = .836) had an optimal cutoff of ≤14 (75% sensitivity/87% specificity). In the memory impaired group, ES no longer had significant classification accuracy (AUC = .477), whereas FC remained significant (AUC = .639), with an optimal cut score of c11 (30% sensitivity/90% specificity).
Conclusion: When compared head-to-head, RAVLT FC was a superior performance validity measure for both memory impaired and unimpaired patients compared to the ES, which only worked well as a validity index among those without significant memory impairment.
A-251 A Community-Based Longitudinal Study of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in Georgia
Authors: Shiukashvili Nino , Mikeladze Nino , Chikobava Saba , Kobulashvili Tamar , Tsuladze Mariam , Zamtaradze Gvantsa , Janelidze Marina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: As the average population ages, dementia has become one a leading challenge for health care systems in developing and developed countries. Dementia is a progressive disorder associated with the decline of cognitive function and the ability to carry out daily activities. Along with the development of screening tools to detect early-stage MCI, it is important to find out the time-line for the MCI progression. There is little recent information available on the natural course of MCI in Georgia.
Method: A 7-year longitudinal study was conducted to track MCI progression, comparing individuals with initially healthy cognition (N=52) to patients showing symptoms of MCI (N=51). This study used MoCA as an indicator of cognitive change over the 7-year period. The MoCA was administered twice approximately 7 years apart and IADLs-at the end of the research. Participants were classified as MCI or cognitively intact based, on the results of the MoCA results.
Results: Healthy individuals had a very limited decline in MoCA scores (M=-0.004, p&lt;.001); MCI group also showed a some decrease in MoCA scores (M=-1.2, p&lt;.002) without any changes in IADLs scores; whereas 17.6% of healthy individuals progressed to MCI at the end of the research (M=- 4.8, p&lt;.03), associated with the significant decline of the IADLs scores (M=-2, St.dev=3.2, p&lt;.03), as well.
Conclusion: Progression of MCI based on MoCA and IADLs results can indicate patients’ declining ability for self-care. Because MCI patients will need increased care and monitoring as the disease progresses, the social burden of caring for these patients will likely also increase.
A-259 Interpersonal Dominance Predicts Treatment Resistance in Adolescents Without, But Not With, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Rosa Izhani , Kaseda Erin , Kirsch Alexandra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with interpersonal challenges in adolescents. Greater interpersonal dominance has been found to predict poorer therapeutic alliance in adolescents, but previous work has not examined a potential moderating impact of ADHD. The goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between dominance and treatment resistance as measured by the Personality Assessment Inventory-Adolescent (PAI-A) in a mixed clinical sample.
Method: Data were collected from 144 adolescents referred for neuropsychological evaluation (M=15.27 years, Range=12-19, 41.0% female, 47.9% diagnosed with ADHD). ADHD diagnosis was determined through neuropsychological clinical evaluation of behavior, mood, and cognitive functioning across settings. Exploratory moderation analysis was conducted to examine if interpersonal dominance predicts treatment rejection and to see if the relationship is moderated by ADHD status.
Results: Controlling for ADHD status, the main effect of dominance was significant, such that higher interpersonal dominance was associated with greater treatment rejection (t=2.38, p=.019). No main effect for the relationship between ADHD status and treatment rejection when controlling for dominance was observed. In participants without ADHD, dominance significantly predicted treatment rejection (t=2.38, p=.019), but the effect was no longer significant in adolescents with ADHD.
Conclusion: Based on self-report of personality, interpersonal dominance is related to treatment rejection in adolescents without ADHD, but not adolescents with ADHD. Symptoms of ADHD such as impulsivity and behavioral disinhibition may impact responses related to interpersonal functioning and thus ratings for adolescents with ADHD may not reflect the same constructs important for treatment considerations.
A-272 Neuropsychological Performance in Cognitively Normal Native and Non-Native English Speakers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Paredes Jory , Prince Thea , Schwartz Eliezer 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Compare neuropsychological test performance of native English speakers (NES) and English as a second language speakers (ESLS), and investigate the effect of native language writing systems.
Method: Dataset was obtained from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC). Participants were required to have normal cognition, which was determined by the evaluating clinicians. All neuropsychological tests were administered in English. Participants were age and education-matched. Twenty-five ESLS (Mage= 69.80; MEdu= 15.44) and 25 NES (Mage= 69.84; MEdu= 15.68) met inclusion criteria.
Results: Independent samples t-test revealed statistically significant group differences for: Digit Span Forward (DSF) length, Digit Span Backward (DSB), DSB length, Animal Fluency, Trail Making Test-Part A (TMT-A), Trail Making Test-Part B (TMT-B), WAIS-R Digit Symbol (WAIS-R), and Boston Naming Test (BNT). Results showed medium effect sizes that ranged from .62–.78; although, group means were in the average range. The 50 participants were further divided into three groups: native-English speakers only (NES-O), English as a second language speakers with Latin-based language origin (ESLS-LO), and English as a second language speakers with symbolic language origin (ESLS-SO). Post-hoc Hochberg’s GT2 test showed ESLS-LO and NES-O significantly differed on DSB, TMT-B, and WAIS-R. Additionally, ESLS-SO and NES-O significantly differed on the BNT. For these measures, the standardized mean difference was large (d= .80-1.10).
Conclusions: These preliminary findings indicate that NES significantly differ in most areas of cognition than ESLS, which suggests that although considered “cognitively normal,” there is greater need for neuropsychological measures that utilize normative samples that better represent all cultures, including ones with different linguistic backgrounds.
A-290 Ejection Fraction and Trail Making Test-B in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Kung Jennifer , Connors Eric J , Hauson Alexander O , Pollard Anna A , Sarkissians Sharis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Ejection fraction (EjF) is used as a clinical indicator of cardiac function and has been associated with reduced executive functioning among heart failure (HF) patients (Hoth, 2008). However, other HF studies have found no association between EjF and neurocognitive measures (Putze, 1998; Wolfe, 2006). This meta-analysis examines the relationship between EjF and executive functioning using the Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B).
Data Selection: As part of a larger study, two researchers independently searched eight databases, extracted required data, and calculated effect sizes of HF neuropsychological data. Inclusion criteria for articles were: (a) adults diagnosed with HF, (b) matched control group on demographics (e.g. age), and (c) standardized neuropsychological testing. Exclusion criteria included: (a) comorbidity of HF with other types of major organ failure (i.e., lung or liver failure), (b) data that compared groups with different New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes of HF, or (c) studies not published or translated into English. Eight articles (HF n= 592 and HC n = 268) were analyzed.
Data Synthesis: The TMT-B evidenced a statistically significant and medium effect size estimate (g = 0.568, p &lt; 0.001). The heterogeneity of TMT-B was not statistically significant. The meta-regression analysis between EjF and effect size was also not statistically significant (Q=.434, df=1, p=.510).
Conclusions: TMT-B detects executive functioning deficits associated with heart failure. A meta-regression did not reveal a significant relationship between EjF and TMT-B. It is likely that other factors moderated this relationship making it difficult to detect an association between these two variables in a diverse sample of studies.
A-302 Identi-Fi: Development and Validation of a Visual Organization Test
Authors: Greene Jennifer , Greene Jennifer , Molina Eduardo , Morera Carrie Champ , Reynolds Cecil , McCaffrey Robert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Visual organization measures are critical to assess accurately neuropsychological integrity. The Identi-Fi was developed to improve upon existing measures of visual organization by providing updated norms, updated visual stimuli, and reducing the need for motor responses.
Method: The Identi-Fi requires examinees to recognize illustrations which have been cut up and rearranged in the stimulus book. It consists of two subtests: Visual Recognition and Visual Matching, comprising the Visual Organization Index (VOI). The Identi-Fi was standardized utilizing a nationally-representative sample of 901 participants, aged 5 to 79 years. Multiple lines of reliability and validity evidence were examined.
Results: Cronbach’s alpha for the VOI was .90; the test-retest correlation was .81. The VOI had a significant negative correlation (r = -.62; p &lt; .01) with Hooper Visual Organization Test (VOT). This was expected given the similarity in construct and that on the Hooper VOT, higher T scores indicate worse performance, while on Identi-Fi, higher T scores and standard scores indicate better performance. The Reynolds Intellectual Screening Test, Second Edition (RIST-2) Index was also significantly correlated with the Identi-Fi VOI (r = .41) demonstrating correlations with intelligence (p &lt; .05). All clinical groups observed significant mean differences on the VOI compared to the control group (p &lt; .01) with the largest effect sizes for the intellectual disability (d = 2.59) and dementia (d = 1.88) groups.
Conclusion(s): Evidence suggests Identi-Fi provides a reliable and valid measurement of visual organization when used as described. Independent research is sought for additional evidence.
A-303 Preliminary Analysis of the Influence of Age and Education on the Boston Cognitive Assessment (BoCA)
Authors: Ferguson Hayden , Turok Nora , Gold Dov , Vyshedskiy Andrey , Piryatinsky Irene 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Remote cognitive assessment is increasingly common for efficient screening of patients' cognitive status. The Boston Cognitive Assessment (BoCA), is a brief, digital, global screening instrument that can be administered in-person or remotely. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the BoCA, the present study explored the effect of age and education on performance.
Method: A sample of 61 cognitively healthy adults (19-82 years old) with 12-20 years of education completed the BoCA in-person. BoCA performance is rated along eight subscales (Immediate Recall, Delayed Recall, Visuospatial, Executive Functioning, Mental Rotation, Attention, Language, Mental Math, and Orientation) with a total score of 30. A regression analysis assessed if age or education predicted BoCA scores. BoCA performance was evaluated based on age with and without adjusting for educational attainment.
Results: The regression analysis yielded a significant model with age being a significant predictor of total BoCA scores. Education did not contribute significantly. An ANOVA based on age revealed a significant effect on the Total BoCA score and specific subscales (Immediate and Delayed Memory). When adjusting for educational attainment, an ANCOVA identified significant differences within the total BoCA score and subscales of Delayed Memory and Language.
Conclusions: After correcting for level of education, results from the present study suggest that participants' age does affect the total BoCA score of cognitively healthy users. This has implications for future BoCA users, as age-adjusted scores may be necessary to prevent false positive identification of cognitive impairment using the BoCA. Potential explanations for discrepancies among age groups are discussed.
A-304 Neurocognitive considerations for Fitness for Duty Evaluations and Its Impact on Occupational Functioning in Police Psychology
Authors: Rimmer Meredith 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The current abstract sought to examine (1) how neurocognitive impairments may impact occupational functioning in police officers; (2) the relationship between co-morbid disorders and cognitive functions when conducting fitness for duty evaluations; and (3) the need for future research on conducting neuropsychological assessments and fitness for duty evaluations.
Data Selection: A systematic review of the literature was utilized. Studies reviewed were empirically valid and focused on neurocognitive impairments, fitness for duty evaluation for police officers, and co-morbid psychological factors that influence cognitive performance in public safety personnel.
Data Synthesis: The impact of impaired brain functioning can affect a police officer’s judgment, reasoning, ability to resist impulses as well as their behavior and/or changes in personality (e.g., aggression) (Stephen, E. B., Bina, P., Michael B., 2020). Research has shown that PTSD is associated with mild impairments on several neurocognitive functions among police officers. Further, depression and PTSD appear to have a cumulative negative impact on speed of processing information and cognitive performance (LeBlanc, V. R., Regehr, C., Jelley, R. B., & Barath, I , 2007). Therefore, even mild subclinical cognitive difficulties experienced by police officers may affect their social and occupational functioning.
Conclusions: These considerations illustrate that neurocognitive impairments, psychological disorders, behavioral and/or personality changes are often co-morbid conditions. Therefore, there is a need for more research on comprehensive neuropsychological assessments associated with occupational functioning as part of fitness for duty evaluations. Research in this area is necessary for defining best practices in fitness for duty evaluations and is paramount for promoting public safety.
The field of protein function prediction as viewed by different domain scientists
Authors: Ramola Rashika , Friedberg Iddo , Radivojac Predrag 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivationExperimental biologists, biocurators, and computational biologists all play a role in characterizing a protein’s function. The discovery of protein function in the laboratory by experimental scientists is the foundation of our knowledge about proteins. Experimental findings are compiled in knowledgebases by biocurators to provide standardized, readily accessible, and computationally amenable information. Computational biologists train their methods using these data to predict protein function and guide subsequent experiments. To understand the state of affairs in this ecosystem, centered here around protein function prediction, we surveyed scientists from these three constituent communities.ResultsWe show that the three communities have common but also idiosyncratic perspectives on the field. Most strikingly, experimentalists rarely use state-of-the-art prediction software, but when presented with predictions, report many to be surprising and useful. Ontologies appear to be highly valued by biocurators, less so by experimentalists and computational biologists, yet controlled vocabularies bridge the communities and simplify the prediction task. Additionally, many software tools are not readily accessible and the predictions presented to the users can be broad and uninformative. We conclude that to meet both the social and technical challenges in the field, a more productive and meaningful interaction between members of the core communities is necessary.Availability and implementationData cannot be shared for ethical/privacy reasons.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Comparing Petri net-based models of biological systems using Holmes
Authors: Szawulak Bartłomiej , Radom Marcin , Formanowicz Piotr 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivationThe first and necessary step in systems approach to study biological phenomena is building a formal model. One of the possibilities is to construct a model based on Petri nets. They have an intuitive graphical representation on one hand, and on the other, can be analyzed using formal mathematical methods. Finding homologies or conserved processes playing important roles in various biological systems can be done by comparing models. The ones expressed as Petri nets are especially well-suited for such a comparison, but there is a lack of software tools for this task.ResultsTo resolve this problem, a new analytical tool has been implemented in Holmes application and described in this article. It offers four different comparison methods, i.e. the ones based on t-invariants, decomposition, graphlets and branching vertices.Availability and implementationAvailable at http://www.cs.put.poznan.pl/mradom/Holmes/holmes.htmlSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Guided interactive image segmentation using machine learning and color-based image set clustering
Authors: Friebel Adrian , Johann Tim , Drasdo Dirk , Hoehme Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivationOver the last decades, image processing and analysis have become one of the key technologies in systems biology and medicine. The quantification of anatomical structures and dynamic processes in living systems is essential for understanding the complex underlying mechanisms and allows, i.e. the construction of spatio-temporal models that illuminate the interplay between architecture and function. Recently, deep learning significantly improved the performance of traditional image analysis in cases where imaging techniques provide large amounts of data. However, if only a few images are available or qualified annotations are expensive to produce, the applicability of deep learning is still limited.ResultsWe present a novel approach that combines machine learning-based interactive image segmentation using supervoxels with a clustering method for the automated identification of similarly colored images in large image sets which enables a guided reuse of interactively trained classifiers. Our approach solves the problem of deteriorated segmentation and quantification accuracy when reusing trained classifiers which is due to significant color variability prevalent and often unavoidable in biological and medical images. This increase in efficiency improves the suitability of interactive segmentation for larger image sets, enabling efficient quantification or the rapid generation of training data for deep learning with minimal effort. The presented methods are applicable for almost any image type and represent a useful tool for image analysis tasks in general.Availability and implementationThe presented methods are implemented in our image processing software TiQuant which is freely available at tiquant.hoehme.com.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
FastRemap: a tool for quickly remapping reads between genome assemblies
Authors: Kim Jeremie S , Firtina Can , Cavlak Meryem Banu , Senol Cali Damla , Alkan Can , Mutlu Onur 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivationA genome read dataset can be quickly and efficiently remapped from one reference to another similar reference (e.g., between two reference versions or two similar species) using a variety of tools, e.g., the commonly used CrossMap tool. With the explosion of available genomic datasets and references, high-performance remapping tools will be even more important for keeping up with the computational demands of genome assembly and analysis.ResultsWe provide FastRemap, a fast and efficient tool for remapping reads between genome assemblies. FastRemap provides up to a 7.82× speedup (6.47×, on average) and uses as low as 61.7% (80.7%, on average) of the peak memory consumption compared to the state-of-the-art remapping tool, CrossMap.Availability and implementationFastRemap is written in C++. Source code and user manual are freely available at: github.com/CMU-SAFARI/FastRemap. Docker image available at: https://hub.docker.com/r/alkanlab/fastremap. Also available in Bioconda at: https://anaconda.org/bioconda/fastremap-bio.