bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of strategies used and considered to mitigate droughts in California
Authors: Keavney Elizabeth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile California has ideal weather for many activities, beaches, and mountains, the water shortage in the state has caused challenges for its growing population. The state has implemented some water saving measures but must do more to meet its needs as its population continues to increase. This paper explores what has been done and what might be done to seek more sources of water. Existing literature tends to examine individual options, instead of performing a broader comparison. This study uses comparative analysis to evaluate multiple approaches to mitigating the effects of drought in California, comparing cost information, technical maturity, and less easily quantified advantages and disadvantages. The study found that conservation, wastewater recycling, water transfer, and similar options have been used successfully in California in the past and should continue to be used. Because all those approaches except wastewater recycling are reaching their limits, the most feasible method to mitigate future droughts in California is increased use of wastewater recycling. However, it faces some emotional and political obstacles to its widespread use.
Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles-loaded sawdust carbon for malachite green removal from aquatic solutions
Authors: Bonyadi Ziaeddin , Khatibi Fatemeh Sadat , Alipour Fatemeh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMG, an organic compound composed of triphenyl methane, is often widely used in various industries, especially in the food, pharmaceutical and textile industries. This study emphasizes the green synthesis of novel magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles-loaded sawdust carbon (Fe3O4/SC) and their effect on the removal of MG from the aqueous solution. To obtain the optimum conditions of MG removal using the Box–Behnken model, the independent variables such as the initial MG concentration (10–100 mg/L), pH (3–9), reaction time (10–60 min), and Fe3O4/SC nanocomposites dose (0.2–1 g/L) were experimented. According to the quadratic model, the highest removal rate (89.22%) was found at the pH of 8.62, the contact time of 59.86 min, the Fe3O4/SC ncs dose of 0.59 g /L and the MG level of 17.62 mg/L. The MG removal rate follows the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model. The maximum absorption capacity for MG was 41.66 mg/g. These findings suggest that the Fe3O4/SC ncs has a significant potential for the MG adsorption from aqueous solution.
Effect of CO2 on the interfacial tension and swelling of crude oil during carbonated water flooding
Authors: Farahabadi Zahra Taghizadeh , Lashkarbolooki Mostafa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince the influence of carbon dioxide (CO2) on the dynamic interfacial tension of crude oil and aqueous solutions at the elevated temperatures and pressures is an important issue, this investigation is aimed to measure the IFT of crude oil/water, CO2, and carbonated water. The measured values reveal that the IFTs of crude oil/CO2 are decreased through the first interval, while a gradual and continuous reduction in IFT is obtained at the second interval. Although both intercepts and slopes of the first interval lines are more than the second interval for all the studied temperatures, they show a similar trend as a function of temperature. The used vanishing IFT method measurement reveals that the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), first contact miscibility pressure, and intersection point (where the slopes of the linear curves change) of two linear equations have a linear increasing trend as temperature changes. However, this trend was not observed for the aqueous solution saturated with CO2 (i.e., carbonated water) which can be related to the difference between liquid- and gas-phase behavior as well as the formation of carbonic acid in the carbonated water process. IFT values reduced from 18.6 mN/m (@ pH = 8) to 0.3 mN/m (@ pH = 14) with an increase in pH of the aqueous solution, while miscibility conditions can be obtained for CO2 cases at pressures higher than the MMP points. Considerably higher IFT values were measured in the presence of water and carbonated water in the range of 9.1–17.5 mN/m and 12.2–17.4 mN/m, respectively. The most important feature of the CW process can be the swelling factor of crude oil due to the fact that the oil swelling of up to 40% was achieved at elevated temperature (75 °C) and pressure (4500 psi) after only1600 s.
Leveraging collective action and environmental literacy to address complex sustainability challenges
Authors: Ardoin Nicole M. , Bowers Alison W. , Wheaton Mele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeveloping and enhancing societal capacity to understand, debate elements of, and take actionable steps toward a sustainable future at a scale beyond the individual are critical when addressing sustainability challenges such as climate change, resource scarcity, biodiversity loss, and zoonotic disease. Although mounting evidence exists for how to facilitate individual action to address sustainability challenges, there is less understanding of how to foster collective action in this realm. To support research and practice promoting collective action to address sustainability issues, we define the term “collective environmental literacy” by delineating four key potent aspects: scale, dynamic processes, shared resources, and synergy. Building on existing collective constructs and thought, we highlight areas where researchers, practitioners, and policymakers can support individuals and communities as they come together to identify, develop, and implement solutions to wicked problems. We close by discussing limitations of this work and future directions in studying collective environmental literacy.
Continuing professional development challenges in a&nbsp;rural setting: A&nbsp;mixed-methods study
Authors: Campos-Zamora Melissa , Gilbert Hannah , Esparza-Perez Ramiro I. , Sanchez-Mendiola Melchor , Gardner Roxane , Richards Jeremy B. , Lumbreras-Marquez Mario I. , Dobiesz Valerie A. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction Health professionals in rural settings encounter a wide range of medical conditions requiring broad knowledge for their clinical practice. This creates the need for ongoing continuing professional development (CPD). In this study, we explored the barriers that health professionals in a rural healthcare context faced participating in CPD activities and their preferences regarding educational strategies to overcome these challenges.
Methods This mixed-methods (exploratory sequential) study in a community hospital in rural Mexico includes 22 interviews, 3 focus groups, 40 observational hours, and a questionnaire of healthcare staff.
Results Despite low engagement with CPD activities (67% not motivated), all participants expressed interest and acknowledged the importance of learning for their practice. Barriers to participating include a disparity between strategies used (lecture-based) and their desire for practical learning, institutional barriers (poor leadership engagement, procedural flaws, and lack of resources), and collaboration barriers (adverse interprofessional education environment, ineffective teamwork, and poor communication). Additional barriers identified were inconvenient scheduling of sessions (75%), inadequate classrooms (65%), high workload (60%), ineffective speakers (60%), and boring sessions (55%). Participants’ preferred learning strategies highlighted activities relevant to their daily clinical activities (practical workshops, simulations, and case analysis). The questionnaire had an 18% response rate.
Discussion The barriers to CPD in this rural setting are multifactorial and diverse. A strong interest to engage in context-specific active learning strategies highlighted the need for leadership to prioritize interprofessional education, teamwork, and communication to enhance CPD and patient care. Thes
Scholarly knowledge graphs through structuring scholarly communication: a review
Authors: Verma Shilpa , Bhatia Rajesh , Harit Sandeep , Batish Sanjay 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe necessity for scholarly knowledge mining and management has grown significantly as academic literature and its linkages to authors produce enormously. Information extraction, ontology matching, and accessing academic components with relations have become more critical than ever. Therefore, with the advancement of scientific literature, scholarly knowledge graphs have become critical to various applications where semantics can impart meanings to concepts. The objective of study is to report a literature review regarding knowledge graph construction, refinement and utilization in scholarly domain. Based on scholarly literature, the study presents a complete assessment of current state-of-the-art techniques. We presented an analytical methodology to investigate the existing status ofscholarly knowledge graphs(SKG) by structuring scholarly communication. This review paper investigates the field of applying machine learning, rule-based learning, and natural language processing tools and approaches to construct SKG. It further presents the review of knowledge graph utilization and refinement to provide a view of current research efforts. In addition, we offer existing applications and challenges across the board in construction, refinement and utilization collectively. This research will help to identify frontier trends of SKG which will motivate future researchers to carry forward their work.
Reliability model of open source software considering fault introduction with generalized inflection S-shaped distribution
Authors: Wang Jinyong , Zhang Ce 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, the open source software (OSS) reliability has become one of hot issues. Owing to the uncertainty and complexity of OSS development, testing and debugging environments, OSS are completed dynamically. When detected faults are removed for OSS, they are likely to introduce new faults. Moreover, under the different OSS debugging environments, fault introduction will show different changes. For example, the fault introduction rate shows a decrease change, or increasing first and then decreasing change over time. Considering the complex and dynamic changes in fault introduction, an OSS reliability model that fault introduction obeys a generalized inflection S-shaped distribution is proposed in this paper. Experimental results indicate that the fitting and predictive performance of the proposed model is good. The established model in this paper can adapt the dynamical and complicated changes of fault introduction during OSS debugging. Moreover, the established model can accurately forecast the number of remaining faults in OSS, and assist developers to evaluate the actual OSS reliability.
Are we justified attributing a mistake in diagnosis to an AI diagnostic system?
Authors: Babushkina Dina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResponsible professional use of AI implies the readiness to respond to and address—in ethically appropriate manner—harm that may be associated with such use. This presupposes the ownership of mistakes. In this paper, I ask if a mistake in AI-enhanced decision making—such as AI-aided medical diagnosis—can be attributed to the AI system itself, and answer this question negatively. I will explore two options. If AI systems are merely tools, then we are never justified to attribute mistakes to them, because their failing does not meet rational constraints on being mistaken. If, for the sake of the argument, we assume that AI systems are not (mere) tools, then we are faced with certain challenges. The first is the burden to explain what this more-than-a-tool role of an AI system is, and to establish justificatory reasons for the AI system to be considered as such. The second is to prove that medical diagnosis can be reduced to the calculations by AI system without any significant loss to the purpose and quality of the diagnosis as a procedure. I will conclude that the problem of the ownership of mistakes in hybrid decision making necessitates new forms of epistemic responsibilities.
Minimal Generators from Positive and Negative Attributes: Analysing the Knowledge Space of a Mathematics Course
Authors: Ojeda-Hernández Manuel , Pérez-Gámez Francisco , López-Rodríguez Domingo , Madrid Nicolás , Mora Ángel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFormal concept analysis is a data analysis framework based on lattice theory. In this paper, we analyse the use, inside this framework, of positive and negative (mixed) attributes of a dataset, which has proved to represent more information on the use of just positive attributes. From a theoretical point of view, in this paper we show the structure and the relationships between minimal generators of the simple and mixed concept lattices. From a practical point of view, the obtained theoretical results allow us to ensure a greater granularity in the retrieved information. Furthermore, due to the relationship between FCA and Knowledge Space theory, on a practical level, we analyse the marks of a Mathematics course to establish the knowledge structure of the course and determine the key items providing new relevant information that is not evident without the use of the proposed tools.
Integrative structural modelling and visualisation of a cellular organelle
Authors: Autin Ludovic , Barbaro Brett A. , Jewett Andrew I. , Ekman Axel , Verma Shruti , Olson Arthur J. , Goodsell David S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractModels of insulin secretory vesicles from pancreatic beta cells have been created using the cellPACK suite of tools to research, curate, construct and visualise the current state of knowledge. The model integrates experimental information from proteomics, structural biology, cryoelectron microscopy and X-ray tomography, and is used to generate models of mature and immature vesicles. A new method was developed to generate a confidence score that reconciles inconsistencies between three available proteomes using expert annotations of cellular localisation. The models are used to simulate soft X-ray tomograms, allowing quantification of features that are observed in experimental tomograms, and in turn, allowing interpretation of X-ray tomograms at the molecular level.
Hexabothriidae and Monocotylidae (Monogenoidea) from the gills of neonate hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnidae) Sphyrna gilberti, Sphyrna lewini and their hybrids from the western North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Dalrymple Kaitlyn M. , de Buron Isaure , Hill-Spanik Kristina M. , Galloway Ashley S. , Barker Amanda , Portnoy David S. , Frazier Bryan S. , Boeger Walter A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeonates of hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnidae), Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834), the sympatric cryptic species, Sphyrna gilberti Quattro et al., 2013, and their hybrids were captured in the western North Atlantic, along the coast of South Carolina, USA, between 2018 and 2019 and examined for gill monogenoids. Parasites were identified and redescribed from the gills of 79 neonates, and DNA sequences from partial fragments of the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase I mitochondrial DNA (COI) genes were generated to confirm species identifications. Three species of monogenoids from Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 and Monocotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 were determined and redescribed. Two species of Hexabothriidae, Erpocotyle microstoma (Brooks, 1934) and Erpocotyle sphyrnae (MacCallum, 1931), infecting both species of Sphyrna and hybrids; and 1 species of Monocotylidae, Loimosina wilsoni Manter, 1944, infecting only S. lewini and hybrids. Loimosina wilsoni 28S rDNA sequences matched those of Loimosina sp. from the southern coast of Brazil. Based on limited morphological analysis, Loimosina parawilsoni is likely a junior synonym of L. wilsoni. This is the first taxonomic study of monogenoids infecting S. gilberti and hybrids of S. gilberti and S. lewini.
Government policy performance and central–local political trust in China
Authors: Zhai Yida 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that poor government policy performance undermines public trust in government. However, there has been insufficient study of how citizens attribute responsibility to different levels of government within an authoritarian unitary context. Inquiry is needed to assess the ways government performance in various policy domains affects central–local political trust. This study uses the case of China to addresses these questions. Results show that, in particular, local governments risk losing public trust for corruption. Nevertheless, the central government loses public trust due to unsatisfying economies. Both local and central governments lose public trust for poor performance regarding environmental protection, food safety problems, public health, and primary/middle school education. The central government cannot always avoid blame, depending on different policy issues. The results indicate that the perceived administrative responsibility of different levels of government affects citizens’ evaluations of the performance of the central and local governments as well as their political trust.
Breeding and global population sizes of the Critically Endangered Red-fronted MacawAra rubrogenysrevisited
Authors: Herzog Sebastian K. , Boorsma Tjalle , Saldaña-Covarrubias Guido , Calahuma-Arispe Tomás , Camacho-Reyes Teodoro , Dekker Dirk , Edwards de Vargas Suzanne , García-Cárdenas Máximo , García-Solíz Víctor Hugo , Quiroz-Calizaya Jazmín M. , Quispe-Solíz de Dekker Sayda , Salvatierra-Gómez Marcia M. , Vargas Ramón , Soria-Auza Rodrigo W. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe ‘Critically Endangered’ Red-fronted Macaw is endemic to seasonally dry, rain-shadowed valleys in the south-central Andes of Bolivia. The remoteness and inaccessibility of most of this region have hampered the rigorous collection of reliable range-wide data on the species’ global, local and breeding population sizes. Such data are imperative, however, for effective conservation and management. Estimated to number up to 5,000 birds in the early 1980s, the most recent and thorough survey to date reported a total of only 807 macaws and a breeding population fraction of about 20% in 2011, disjunctly distributed across eight breeding and six foraging areas and divided into four genetic clusters. Ten years later, we reassessed the species’ population sizes and breeding distribution with increased survey effort and geographic coverage. Six teams simultaneously surveyed different sections of the species’ entire known breeding range in four watersheds focusing on nesting sites. We estimated a global population size of 1,160 macaws, a breeding population fraction of 23.8–27.4% (138–159 nesting pairs) and discovered four new breeding areas. Watersheds and breeding areas differed widely in nesting pair and total macaw numbers. The Mizque watershed held 53% of the species’ breeding and 41.5% of its global population and had the highest breeding population fraction of 30.7–34.9%; the Pilcomayo watershed obtained the lowest values (6%, 8.5% and 14.1–18.2%, respectively). Two of the four documented genetic clusters (subpopulations) each held well over 50 breeding individuals. Two of the eight breeding areas documented in 2011 were found unoccupied in 2021. Numbers of nesting pairs per breeding area in 2011 were poorly correlated with those in 2021, and timing of breeding activities also differed between years. Our new data indicate that the Red-fronted Macaw no longer meets IUCN Red List criteria for ‘Critically Endangered’ species and that it should be downlisted to ‘Endangered.’
Acute vasodilator response testing in the adult Fontan circulation using non-invasive 4D Flow MRI: a proof-of-principle study
Authors: McConnell Benjamin , Stoll Victoria M. , Panayiotou Hannah , Piechnik Stefan K. , Neubauer Stefan , van der Geest Rob J. , Myerson Saul G. , Orchard Elizabeth , Bissell Malenka M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground:Pulmonary vasodilator therapy in Fontan patients can improve exercise tolerance. We aimed to assess the potential for non-invasive testing of acute vasodilator response using four-dimensional (D) flow MRI during oxygen inhalation.Materials and Methods:Six patients with well-functioning Fontan circulations were prospectively recruited and underwent cardiac MRI. Ventricular anatomical imaging and 4D Flow MRI were acquired at baseline and during inhalation of oxygen. Data were compared with six age-matched healthy volunteers with 4D Flow MRI scans acquired at baseline.Results:All six patients tolerated the MRI scan well. The dominant ventricle had a left ventricular morphology in all cases. On 4D Flow MRI assessment, two patients (Patients 2 and 6) showed improved cardiac filling with improved preload during oxygen administration, increased mitral inflow, increased maximum E-wave kinetic energy, and decreased systolic peak kinetic energy. Patient 1 showed improved preload only. Patient 5 showed no change, and patient 3 had equivocal results. Patient 4, however, showed a decrease in preload and cardiac filling/function with oxygen.Discussion:Using oxygen as a pulmonary vasodilator to assess increased pulmonary venous return as a marker for positive acute vasodilator response would provide pre-treatment assessment in a more physiological state – the awake patient. This proof-of-concept study showed that it is well tolerated and has shown changes in some stable patients with a Fontan circulation.
Gender roles, generational changes and environmental challenges: an intersectional interpretation of perceptions on healthy diets among iTaukei women and men in Fiji
Authors: McKenzie Briar Louise , Waqa Gade , Hart Ashleigh Chanel , Moala Silatolu Anasaini , Palagyi Anna , Norton Robyn , McLean Rachael , Webster Jacqui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:To investigate perceptions of iTaukei Fijian women and men around diet and the ability to consume a healthy diet.Design:Six focus groups were conducted with women and men separately. Six to ten women and men participated in each group. Discussions were recorded, transcribed, translated and thematically analysed. Themes were mapped to an intersectionality framework to aid interpretation.Setting:Four villages in Viti Levu, Fiji.Participants:Twenty-two women and twenty-four men.Results:Seven overarching themes were identified, including generational changes in food behaviour, strong-gendered beliefs around food and food provision, cultural and religious obligations around food, the impact of environmental change on the ability to consume a healthy diet, perceptions of the importance of food, food preferences and knowledge. Participants across focus groups identified that it was the ‘duty’ of women to prepare food for their families. However, some women reflected on this responsibility being unbalanced with many women now in the formal workforce. Changes between generations in food preferences and practices were highlighted, with a perception that previous generations were healthier. Power dynamics and external factors, such as environmental changes, were identified by women and men as crucial influences on their ability to eat a healthy diet.Conclusion:Embedded traditional perceptions of gendered roles related to nutrition were misaligned with other societal and environmental changes. Given factors other than gender, such as broader power dynamics and environmental factors were identified as influencing diet, viewing nutrition-related issues through an intersectional lens is important to inform equitable food policy in Fiji.