bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Education Pathways for Refugees to Strengthen Health Systems
Authors: Velarde Minerva Rivas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to explore how technology-mediated interventions can enable refugee youth to contribute to health care delivery, from a systems approach perspective. Using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) health system building blocks this chapter will assesses the implementation of a blended program for capacity building on the Dadaab refugee complex in Kenya. It will use four of the six building blocks of the WHO’s health system architecture to examine the interaction of human resources, technology, governance, and service. The findings include a qualitative account of the views of refugee youth and health services managers on entering the health workforce, using available technology tools to address training and education needs and governance, mobility, and migration. The conclusion will reflect on how person-centered health systems need to address the social and macro-structural constraints faced by refugees, as well as the human agency of people in this context, as these dynamics are shaping the profile of important aspects of the health workforce and consequently health service delivery in the region.
Systems Thinking for Pastoral Health
Authors: Kaba Mirgissa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ethiopia has invested heavily in strengthening its health system since 2003. As part of this effort, Ethiopia launched its flagship community Health Extension Program (HEP), which provides basic health and medical care close to the community, to increase access to and coverage of essential health services. HEP also resulted in massive increases in workforce training, increased financial and technical support, and improved governance and logistics to ensure access to health services. Nevertheless, not all geographical places and population groups benefited from this flagship program in the same way. Health programs among pastoral communities, for example, remain relatively weak, with a number of outstanding concerns. This chapter describes the contexts of pastoral communities and argues that the failure to apply systems-thinking approaches to understand how pastoral communities understand health—as an linkage between humans, animals, and climate—has had detrimental consequences for health service delivery among pastoral communities in Ethiopia. Suggestions for how to improve health interventions in line with the needs of pastoral communities are put forward.
Heraclitus on Measure and the Explicit Emergence of Rationality
Authors: Long A. A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Prior to Heraclitus the term logos did not connote reason or rationality. This notion emerges in his aphoristic statements where he invokes such concepts as harmony, order, balanced mentality, proportion, and measure. By reference to Plato, we can see that both philosophers shared a systematic idea and ideal of rationality as typified by these values. Heraclitus intuited the unifying power of logos in the world’s physical processes, and he posited the human capacity to think and speak commensurately, hence according to reason. This chapter includes a survey of relevant earlier texts that illuminate his originality. His riddling statements, in their balanced structure, are a representation of the rationality he finds at work in the cosmos and in himself as the spokesman of its logos.
Parmenides on Thinking Being
Authors: Long A. A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rationality in action is the main subject of the discourse Parmenides presents as the revelation of his goddess. The being whose properties she deduces in his Way of Truth is not only what can and must be thought but is also identical to veridical thinking. The author calls this the ‘mind/being identity’ reading, and contrasts it with the more familiar interpretation according to which Parmenides’ being is mindless and simply the object of veridical thought. The reciprocal identity of thinking and being provides the basis (the only basis, given Parmenides’ strict monism) for integrating human inquiry and the human subject with the Way of Truth. This interpretation also situates Parmenides’ thought in the context of his immediate predecessors and successors. Rationality and selfhood come tightly together in this chapter.
Socrates’ Divine Sign
Authors: Long A. A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Socrates was notorious during his lifetime for intermittently experiencing what he called his divine sign (daimonion). This chapter explores Socrates’ adherence to the admonitions of this daimonion, especially their compatibility with his commitment to live a self-examined life and to act only on the best of reasons. Rather than view the divine sign as falling outside rationality, as some scholars propose, Plutarch’s essay on the topic offers an attractive alternative interpretation. There it is conjectured that Socrates experienced an inaudible logos that struck him by its phenomenology as authoritative, thus certifying the link between divinity and rationality.
Witness Testimony and the Principle of Orality
Authors: Roberts Paul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the major evidentiary topic of witness testimony through contextual consideration of the role of witnesses in the criminal trial. Oral witness testimony, delivered live and on oath and subjected to cross-examination in the presence of the jury, is the paradigmatic form of evidence in the common law procedural tradition. We may conceptualize a ‘principle of orality’. In modern criminal litigation, witness testimony is often supplemented or even eclipsed by documents or physical evidence (including forensic science), but remains integral to normative justifications of the orthodox trial model. Principled orality is related to open justice, trial by jury, effective fact-finding, and procedural due process. These traditional rationales have been exposed to two principal strands of critique. First, victims’ advocates have objected to the distressing and humiliating treatment of complainants and other witnesses in the courtroom. Secondly, an expanding corpus of behavioural science research has challenged the empirical basis for asserting (with Wigmore) that witnesses’ demeanour and their answers in cross-examination are reliable guides to truth-finding. Further appraisal of the principle of orality is deferred until detailed procedural rules for adducing, presenting, testing, and evaluating witness testimony have been explored and scrutinized. Doctrinal analysis commences in this chapter with the legal rules on competence; compellability; testimonial privileges; and public interest immunity (PII), including witness anonymity. This discussion implicates fundamental principles of access to information, open—or secret—trials, and ongoing procedural innovation (e.g. appointing special counsel to discharge designated functions).
J.M. Coetzee and Neoliberal Culture
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
J.M. Coetzee is the leading English-language novelist today. He is also, in a characteristically low-key, understated way, a cultural heretic. This book presents his work as a complex, nuanced counterblast to contemporary, global, neoliberal economics and its societies. Not surprisingly, given his many years in South Africa and Australia, Coetzee’s counterblast comes from a ‘global-Southern’ perspective. A growing number of often brilliant critiques of neoliberalism have been appearing, and this book coincides with them. But there has so far been comparatively little sustained and incisive critique of neoliberal culture. Drawing on a wealth of literature, philosophy, and theory, the book helps to remedy that lack. On that basis, it reads Coetzee’s writings as a discreet, oblique but devastating engagement with neoliberal presumptions. It identifies and focuses on various key features of neoliberal culture: its obsession with self-enrichment, mastery, growth; its belief in plenitude, endless resources; its hubris and obsession with (self)-promotion; its desire for ease and easiness, ‘well-being’, euphoria; its fetishization of managerial reason and the culture of security; its unrelenting positivity, its belief in illusory goods and unconvincing progressivisms. By contrast, Coetzee’s writings explore the virtues of irony and self-reduction. He commits himself to difficulty, discomfort, patient and austere if bleak inquiry, rigorous questioning, and radical doubt. Destitution and failure come to look like a serious, dignified form of life and thought. The very tones of Coetzee’s books run counter to those of our neoliberal democracies. They point in a different direction to an insufficient age.
The Refusal of Theodicy
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ours has been a theodicean age, persuaded that evil is a secondary phenomenon subordinated to a greater good. This chapter provides a brief history of theodicy from Irenaeus to Hegel, contrasting it with its opposite, the Augustinian tradition, and locating neoliberal culture within it. It then identifies various strains of present-day theodicy, focussing at length on cognitivism, neuroscience, and contemporary psychology. In contrast to the contemporary theodicies, Coetzee insists on particularity, responsibility, and gravity, attentiveness and sensitivity rather than anaesthesia; on lucidity, however likely to provoke incomprehension or worse. With reference to the two texts in which he especially focuses on the morality of the human-animal relation, the chapter shows how far Coetzee’s ‘imaginative reason’ entails an art of aporiae, enigmas, ambiguities, and complexities resistant to the bland categories and empty positivities of the modern Panglosses. This art harbours radical doubts about the meaning of humanity.
Afterword
Authors: Lutz Deborah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Afterword comments briefly on the ways this book is a work of nostalgia, looking back on a time when these materialities were almost invisible because so present. Poised at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, Virginia Woolf sometimes felt bored by dusty old books with marginalia. But as this papery technology mostly disappears in the twenty first century, it shines newly as romantic and worthy of celebration and study. Thus has book history become especially fashionable in the last twenty to thirty years, as has the focus on new and old media.
Graphical models: from network reconstruction to Boltzmann machines
Authors: Cocco Simona , Monasson Rémi , Zamponi Francesco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Understanding how the many elementary components of a system, be they neurons, genes, species, … interact to produce a global behaviour is the central scope of data- driven modelling. A simple way to characterise these interactions is to look at the correlations between pairs of components. Yet, pairwise correlations are potentially misleading, as they can reflect indirect effects mediated via third-body components, rather than direct interactions. A more sensible estimate of interactions is provided by the graph of dependencies. Briefly speaking, the idea is to look at the conditional probabilities of a component, or variable, given the other variables. The graph of dependencies characterises how much the other variables condition the distribution of the tagged one. The question we will ask below is: how can this graph, or network, be reconstructed from a set of observations of the variables?
Hume and the ‘metaphysical argument a priori’
Authors: Stewart M. A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Focuses on the a priori causal argument for God’s existence put forward by Demea in Part IX of the Dialogues concerning Natural Religion. Begins the chapter with a precise formulation of the argument, followed by an account and assessment of Cleanthes’s criticism of the argument, and an identification of an eighteenth-century source for precisely the kind of argumentation that Cleanthes deploys. Puts the Dialogues into historical context, and suggests that the encounter in the Dialogues between Demea and Cleanthes should be read as a portrayal on Hume’s part of a real-life disagreement between real-life figures from the Scotland of Hume’s day. Concludes by suggesting that a careful reading of the Dialogues as a whole shows Philo to be allied with Cleanthes against Demea, just as Hume himself was allied with Kames and the moderate Scottish divines against more orthodox Calvinists such as George Anderson.
Understanding European integration with bipartite networks of comparative advantage
Authors: Di Clemente Riccardo , Lengyel Balázs , Andersson Lars F , Eriksson Rikard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Core objectives of European common market integration are convergence and economic growth, but these are hampered by redundancy, and value chain asymmetries. The challenge is how to harmonize labor division to reach global competitiveness, meanwhile bridging productivity differences across the EU. We develop a bipartite network approach to trace pairwise co-specialization by applying the revealed comparative advantage method within and between the EU15 and Central and Eastern European (CEE). This approach assesses redundancies and the division of labor in the EU at the level of industries and countries. We find significant co-specialization among CEE countries but a diverging specialization between EU15 and CEE. Productivity increases in those CEE industries that have co-specialized with other CEE countries after EU accession, while co-specialization across CEE and EU15 countries is less related to productivity growth. These results show that a division of sectoral specialization can lead to productivity convergence between EU15 and CEE countries.
Using the RE-AIM framework to evaluate physical activity-based fall prevention interventions in older adults with chronic conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Choma Elizabeth A , Treat-Jacobson Diane J , Keller-Ross Manda L , Wolfson Julian , Martin Lauren , McMahon Siobhan K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Falls are a serious public health problem, especially for older adults with chronic conditions. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the translational potential of physical activity-based balance interventions for older adults with common chronic conditions guided by the Reach, Effectiveness/Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Databases were searched (2011–2021) to identify studies with physical activity-based fall prevention interventions for older adults with chronic conditions. Data were collected using the RE-AIM coding guide and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for evidence quality. The search yielded 122 articles, of which 14 distinct studies were included. The most reported RE-AIM dimensions across the studies were Reach (46.2%) and Implementation (40.5%), with Effectiveness/Efficacy (29.4%), Adoption (2.0%), and Maintenance (5.4%) being the least reported. Studies were largely conducted in controlled research environments with minimal staff involvement and without long-term follow-up periods. While studies found that physical activity-based programs were effective in improving balance, information on representativeness and adoption/maintenance of programs was lacking. Studies included sufficient details about the intervention (content, dosage, progression). External validity RE-AIM indicators were reported less frequently than internal validity indicators. The studies were of moderate quality overall. Studies often lacked information on indicators critical for understanding how to implement these programs. This review signals the need to investigate the translation of these interventions from controlled research settings to clinical settings to improve the public impact of fall prevention for this population.
Assessing Pain in Older Adults
Authors: Horgas Ann L. , Bruckenthal Patricia , Chen Shaoshuai , Herr Keela A. , Young Heather M. , Fishman Scott 
Published: November 2022

This article is part of a series, Supporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home Alone, published in collaboration with the AARP Public Policy Institute. Results of focus groups, conducted as part of the AARP Public Policy Institute's No Longer Home Alone video project, supported evidence that family caregivers aren't given the information they need to manage the complex care regimens of family members. This series of articles and accompanying videos aims to help nurses provide caregivers with the tools they need to manage their family member's health care at home.
This new group of articles provides practical information nurses can share with family caregivers of persons living with pain. To use this series, nurses should read the articles first, so they understand how best to help family caregivers. Then they can refer caregivers to the informational tear sheet—Information for Family Caregivers—and instructional videos, encouraging them to ask questions. For additional information, see Resources for Nurses.
Hereditary angioedema
Authors: Zacek Lisa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Hereditary angioedema is a rare and commonly misdiagnosed disease characterized by recurrent, painful, nonurticarial, and nonpruritic deep tissue swelling attacks, including potentially life-threatening asphyxiation. Nurses can assist in identifying disease hallmarks and provide emergency care, patient support, and education about injectable or infused medications.
Genetic Studies on a Case of Eruptive Disseminated Spitz Nevus and Review of Other 33 Cases
Authors: Fernandez-Flores Angel , Cassarino David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Eruptive disseminated Spitz nevus is an uncommon presentation of Spitz nevi. Only a few tens of cases have been published and only 6 of them have genetic studies. We present an additional case of a 29-year-old woman with dozens of Spitz nevi which had appeared since she was aged 10 years. The nevi were located on arms, inner thighs, legs, and buttocks. Nine of them were biopsied. Four presented severe atypia. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 5 of the biopsied specimens and was negative for PRAME, ROS-1, PDL-1, pan-TRK, and ALK. Molecular studies on the largest lesion demonstrated no NTRK1, NTRK2, or NTRK3 fusions. FISH study for PTEN showed no alteration in that same lesion. Next-generation sequencing was also negative for any detectable mutations in numerous genes analyzed. In conclusion, it seems reasonable to be cautious when evaluating atypia, even if severe, in cases of eruptive disseminated Spitz nevus.
Basal Cell Carcinomas After Radiotherapy Show More Frequent Follicular Differentiation Than Tumors From Sun-Exposed Areas: Immunohistochemical Study With a Special Focus on Infundibulocystic Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cardoso José Carlos , Alves Francisca , Carreira Isabel Marques , Tellechea Oscar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Patients submitted to radiotherapy for tinea capitis in childhood have an increased incidence of scalp basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) but also of other neoplasms, namely, follicular tumors. In a cohort of such patients, we also found a high incidence of infundibulocystic BCCs, an otherwise rare variant. We thus hypothesized that postradiotherapy BCCs could be more prone to display follicular differentiation. We compared the histological and immunohistochemical features of postradiotherapy BCCs [both conventional (16 cases) and infundibulocystic (16 cases)] with those of BCCs arising in sun-exposed areas (16 cases), using markers of follicular differentiation (PHLDA-1, CK15, CD34, β-catenin, and calretinin). Postradiotherapy BCCs showed slightly higher tendency for infundibular and/or trichilemmal differentiation than BCCs from sun-exposed areas (37.5% vs. 18.8%), but this difference was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, infundibulocystic BCCs showed more frequent expression of PHLDA-1 and stronger cytoplasmic expression of CK15 compared with the other lesions. In addition, CD34 highlighted a characteristic meshwork of stromal cells surrounding the epithelial component in all infundibulocystic BCCs, in contrast to the other postradiotherapy BCCs and UV-related BCCs, in which 78.1% were negative or only focally positive. In conclusion, our study suggests a tendency for more frequent follicular differentiation in postradiotherapy BCCs compared with BCCs from sun-exposed areas. In addition, the immunohistochemical study confirms previous data from the literature regarding infundibulocystic BCCs (higher CK15 and PHLDA-1 expression) and shows a distinctive stromal positivity for CD34 that has not been previously acknowledged in these tumors.
Clinical characteristics and factors associated with ICU mortality during the first year of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic in Romania
Authors: Bubenek-Turconi Şerban-Ion , Andrei Stefan , Văleanu Liana , Ştefan Mihai-Gabriel , Grigoraş Ioana , Copotoiu Sanda , Bodolea Constantin , Tomescu Dana , Popescu Mihai , Filipescu Daniela , Moldovan Horatiu , Rogobete Alexandru-Florin , Bălan Cosmin , Moroşanu Bianca , Săndesc Dorel , Arafat Raed 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND
The epidemiology of critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be different worldwide. Despite similarities in medicine quality and formation, there are also significant differences concerning healthcare and ICU organisation, staffing, financial resources and population compliance and adherence. Large cohort data of critically ill patients from Central and Eastern Europe are also lacking.

OBJECTIVES
The study objectives were to describe the clinical characteristics of patients admitted to Romanian ICUs with SARS-CoV-2 infection and to identify the factors associated with ICU mortality.

DESIGN
Prospective, cohort, observational study.

SETTING
National recruitment, multicentre study, between March 2020 to March 2021.

PATIENTS
All patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to Romanian ICUs were eligible. There were no exclusion criteria.

INTERVENTION
None.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
ICU mortality.

RESULTS
The statistical analysis included 9058 patients with definitive ICU outcome. The multivariable mixed effects logistic regression model found that age [odds ratio (OR) 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23 to 1.31], male gender (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.4), medical history of neoplasia (OR 1.74; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.22), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.88), type II diabetes (OR 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.43), chronic heart failure (OR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.49), dyspnoea (OR 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.5), SpO2 less than 90% (OR 3; 95% CI, 2.5 to 3.5), admission SOFA score (OR 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.09), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on ICU admission (OR 1.35; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.63) and the need for noninvasive (OR 1.8, 95% CI, 1.5 to 1.22) or invasive ventilation (OR 28; 95% CI, 22 to 35) and neuromuscular blockade (OR 3.5; 95% CI, 2.6 to 4.8), were associated with larger ICU mortality.
Higher GCS on admission (OR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.83), treatment with hydroxychloroquine (OR 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.95) and tocilizumab (OR 0.58; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.71) were inversely associated with ICU mortality.

CONCLUSION
The SARS-CoV-2 critically ill Romanian patients share common personal and clinical characteristics with published European cohorts. Public health measures and vaccination campaign should focus on patients at risk.