bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sporadic non-ampullary duodenal adenoma with low-grade dysplasia: Natural history and clinical management
Authors: Ikenoyama Yohei , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Namikawa Ken , Tokai Yoshitaka , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Fujisaki Junko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Management strategies for sporadic non-ampullary duodenal adenoma with low-grade dysplasia (LGD) are not well established. This study aimed to analyze progression factors and determine suitable treatment strategies for LGD lesions.
Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed consecutive LGD lesions (n = 125) in patients followed up for ≥ 6 months (median, 45 months) and evaluated the changes in clinicopathological features during follow-up. All LGD lesions were classified into two groups: stable LGD (no increase or < 5 mm increase in tumor size, with unchanged histological dysplasia grade) and progressive LGD (≥ 5 mm increase in tumor size and/or progression to high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma).
Results Eighty-six LGD were classified as stable and 39 as progressive. Location on the oral side of the papilla of Vater, large initial tumor size ( ≥ 10 mm), macroscopically complex type, red color, and nodularity were significantly frequent in progressive LGD than in stable LGD. In multivariate analysis, large initial tumor size (odds ratio [OR], 10.2; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 3.3–32.1; P < 0.001) and location on the oral side of the papilla of Vater (OR: 1.8, 95 % CI: 1.4–12.5; P = 0.012) were significant factors for progression. Moreover, initial tumor size < 5 mm rarely progressed (0%–3.9 %); however, initial tumor size ≥ 20 mm and 10–19 mm located on the oral side of the papilla of Vater had a high-risk progression rate (75.0–85.7 %).
Conclusions According to the risk stratification of progression factors by initial tumor size and location, we can determine suitable treatment indications for LGD lesions.
The role of a novel self-expanding metal stent in variceal bleeding: a multicenter Australian and New Zealand experience
Authors: Khan Saad , Gilhotra Rajit , Di Jiang Caroline , Rowbotham David , Chong Andre , Majumdar Avik , White Campbell , Huelsen Alex , Brooker Jim , O’Beirne James , Schauer Cameron , Efthymiou Marios , Vaughan Rhys , Chandran Sujievvan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Refractory variceal bleeding is associated with high mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. A fully-covered self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) has been reported to have excellent rates of technical success and initial bleeding control; however, studies to date are small and limited to Europe and Asia. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this SEMS for control of refractory variceal bleeding (VB).
Patients and methods A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all patients who received the SX-ELLA Danis SEMS for management of VB at 9 tertiary centers across Australia and New Zealand. A total of 32 SEMS had been deployed in 30 patients (median age 53.3).
Results Technical success of SEMS placement was achieved in 100 % of cases, resulting in immediate control of bleeding across 31 of 32 cases (96.9 %). Re-bleeding with SEMS in situ occurred in three of 32 cases (9.4 %). Mean SEMS in-dwelling time was 6.4 days. Delayed SEMS migration occurred in 6.3 % of cases. Interventional radiological therapy for management of varices within 6 weeks was performed in 12 of 30 patients (40 %). Death with SEMS in situ occurred in seven of 30 patients (23.3 %). Seven-day bleeding-related mortality was 16.7 %, 14-day mortality 23.3 %, and 6-week mortality 33.3 %. Three of 30 patients (10 %) received orthotopic liver transplantation following SEMS insertion, including two patients within 6 weeks.
Conclusions SX-Danis Ella SEMS is highly effective for immediate control of refractory VB and bridging to definitive therapy because it has excellent technical success rates, appears to be relatively easy to use, and has low rates of serious adverse events.
Gesundheitliche Themen von LSBTIQ+Personen in der ärztlichen Ausbildung in Deutschland
Authors: Brandt Gerrit , Prüll Livia , Paslakis Georgios 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungZielsetzung Lesbische, schwule, bisexuelle, trans, intergeschlechtliche und queere (LSBTIQ+) Personen erfahren auch heutzutage Diskriminierung und Benachteiligung in vielen Lebensbereichen – auch im Bereich der Gesundheitsversorgung. Studien weisen darauf hin, dass LSBTIQ+Personen einerseits hohe Raten an chronischen körperlichen und psychischen Erkrankungen zeigen, andererseits über negative Erfahrungen mit Behandler_Innen im Gesundheitssystem berichten. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einerseits auf Barrieren und eine unzureichende gesundheitliche Versorgung von LSBTIQ+Personen hinzuweisen, andererseits aber auch, auf relevante Lücken in der medizinischen Ausbildung in Deutschland aufmerksam zu machen, woraufhin spezifische Aktionen folgen sollen.Methodik Zu diesen Zwecken werden sowohl wissenschaftliche Evidenz für die Benachteiligung von LSBTIQ+Personen im Gesundheitssystem als auch wichtige innovative Interventionen in der Ausbildung von medizinischem Personal vorgestellt und diskutiert.Ergebnisse Eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen – in Bezug auf Umfang, Format und Inhalten – Ausbildungsprogrammen sind bereits erprobt und etabliert, allerdings vor allem in englischsprachigen Regionen der Welt. In der medizinischen Ausbildung in Deutschland fehlen dagegen solche Programme.Schlussfolgerung Eine Sensibilisierung für und Erweiterung der Ausbildung von Medizinstudierenden um LSBTIQ+Gesundheitsthemen ist in Deutschland von großer Bedeutung.
Stress durch Elternschaft: Psychometrische Evaluation der deutschen
Version der Parental Stress Scale in der
Allgemeinbevölkerung
Authors: Kölch Michael , Lübke Laura , Müller Sascha , Reis Olaf , Brähler Elmar , Lincke Lena , Spitzer Carsten 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungStress aufgrund von Elternschaft wirkt sich nicht nur negativ auf die Betroffenen
selbst, sondern v. a. auch nachteilig auf die psychische und
körperliche Gesundheit ihrer Kinder aus, was reziprok die Belastung im
Sinne eines Teufelskreises erhöht. Elterlicher Stress scheint ein
negativer Faktor für die psychische Gesundheit auch im Rahmen der
Covid-19 Pandemie zu sein. Daher kommt einer reliablen und validen Erfassung der
elterlichen Stressbelastung sowohl wissenschaftlich als auch klinisch-praktisch
eine hohe Bedeutung zu. Die 18 Items umfassende Parental Stress Scale (PSS) ist
aufgrund ihrer Anwendungsökonomie und soliden psychometrischen Kennwerte
international gut etabliert. In dieser Studie wurde die deutsche Version der PSS
erstmals an Eltern (n=386) von Kindern unter 16 Jahren aus einer
repräsentativen Allgemeinbevölkerungsstichprobe (n=2519)
mit einem Fokus auf der Faktorenstruktur teststatistisch evaluiert. Mittels
konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse konnten die in der internationalen Literatur
berichteten Modelle nicht bestätigt werden. Eine explorative
Faktorenanalyse legte unter Ausschluss eines Items eine zweifaktorielle
Lösung mit den Dimensionen ‚Mangel an Zufriedenheit‘
sowie ‚Sorgen und Belastungen‘ nahe. Beide Subskalen zeigten
eine gute interne Konsistenz mit Werten für McDonalds
ω≥0,87. Entgegen den Annahmen fanden sich keine relevanten
Zusammenhänge zwischen der um ein Item gekürzten Gesamtskala
(PSS-17) einschließlich der Subskalen und soziodemographischen
Merkmalen, jedoch hypothesenkonforme Assoziationen mit familiärer
Dysfunktion sowie aktueller Depressivität und Ängstlichkeit.
Obwohl mit der deutschen Version der PSS Stressbelastung durch Elternschaft
anwendungsökonomisch, ausreichend reliabel und valide erfasst werden
kann, legen die Befunde zur faktoriellen Validität nahe, dass das
Verfahren der Multidimensionalität des zugrundeliegenden Konstrukts nur
bedingt gerecht wird. Dieser Aspekt ist bei der klinischen und
wissenschaftlichen Anwendung einschränkend zu
berücksichtigen.
Depth-resolved magnetization profile of MgO/CoFeB/W perpendicular half magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Bansal V. , Tonnerre J.-M. , Mossang E. , Ortega L. , Fettar F. , Chatterjee J. , Auffret S. , Prejbeanu I.-L. , Dieny B. 
Published: March 2022

In this work, we used the soft X-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity to study the depth-resolved out-of-plane (oop) magnetization profile of a CoFeB/MgO sample with W/Ta cap layer after annealing at 400°C. It is a powerful technique to probe buried magnetic interfaces of ultra-thin films by combining the depth-resolved information of X-ray reflectivity with the species selectivity of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. It allowed us to resolve the oop magnetization within a 1.36 nm thick CoFeB layer by the measurement of angle-dependent specular reflectivity at large scattering angles (up to 80°). We determined a graded magnetic distribution for both Fe and Co with a 20% increase at the interface with MgO, decreasing slightly over a thickness of 0.7 nm from MgO before it rapidly decreases to 50% at the interface with W. After applying a non-saturating magnetic field in the plane of the sample, we also quantified a similar magnetization profile with an inclined moment configuration. This indicates that the magnetization gradient is a robust property of the CoFeB layer in the studied sample.
Micro-structuration effects on local magneto-transport in [Co/Pd]IrMn thin films
Authors: Walker C. , Parkes M. , Olsson C. , Keavney D. , Fullerton E. E. , Chesnel K. 
Published: March 2022

We measured the local magneto-transport (MT) signal with an out-of-plane magnetic field, including magneto-resistance (MR) and Extraordinary Hall effect (EHE), in exchange-biased [Co/Pd]IrMn thin multilayers that are micro-structured with a 100 μm window. We found that when measured locally around the window, the MT signal deviate from the expected behavior. We studied possible causes, including film micro-structuration, electrical contact geometry as well as magnetic field angular tilt. We found that tilting the magnetic field direction with respect to the normal direction does not significantly affect the MT signal, whereas the positioning and geometry of the contacts seem to highly affect the MT signal. For comparison purposes, we carried these MT measurements using the Van-der-Pauw method on a set of four microscopic contacts directly surrounding the window, and on another set of micro-contacts located outside the window, as well as a set of four contacts positioned several millimeters away of each other at the corners of the wafer. If the contacts are sufficiently far apart, the EHE and MR signals have the expected shape and are not significantly affected by the presence of the window. If, on the other hand, the contacts are micro-positioned, the shape of the EHE signal is drastically deformed, and may be modeled as a mix of the standard EHE and MR signals measured on the outer contacts. Furthermore, if the micro-contacts are located directly around the window, the deformation is amplified, and the weight of the MR signal in the mix is further increased by about 40 %. This suggests that the electron path in the Hall geometry is disturbed by both the proximity of the electrodes and by the presence of the window, which both contribute to the deformation for about two-third and one third, respectively.
Responses of grazing households to different levels of payments for ecosystem services
Authors: Shen Weiwei , Zhou Ting , Chang Hong , Qiu Xiao , Liu Yahong , Sun Hailian , Zhai Xiu , Yang Hongbo , Liu Guihuan , Yang Wu 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs have been implemented globally to protect ecosystems while securing the well-being of affected people. Reasonable payment standards are key to successful PES programs. Although some approaches are available for determining payment standards, few studies have applied them for grassland conservation with location indicators and socioeconomic contexts properly considered.

Methods
Using China’s first pilot Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy (GECP) as an example, we analyzed the effects of payment levels, other natural and socioeconomic factors on herders’ willingness to participate in the GECP in Damao County in Inner Mongolia where grassland degradation is happening at an alarming rate due to overgrazing and cropland expansion.

Outcomes

Our results show that households with lower herding income, older age, higher education, larger grassland areas, and worse social relationships are more inclined to participate in the GECP. Conservation payment level, as well as natural and socioeconomic contextual factors, significantly affect the response of herdsmen, and a reasonable grassland payment standard with a 95% policy compliance rate should be 8.8 yuan mu
−1
.

Discussion and Conclusion
Our findings can inform governments to develop effective PES programs to balance the need of human well-being improvement and grassland conservation in China and beyond.
Self-force effects in post-Minkowskian scattering
Authors: Gralla Samuel E , Lobo Kunal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We revisit the old problem of the self-force on a particle moving in a weak-field spacetime in the context of renewed interest in two-body gravitational scattering. We analytically calculate the scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational self-force on a particle moving on a straight-line trajectory at a large distance from a Newtonian star, and use these results to find the associated correction to its motion. In the gravitational case we must also include the matter-mediated force, which acts at the same perturbative order as the gravitational self-force. We further augment the gravitational results with geodesic calculations at second order in the central body mass to determine the full, explicit solution to the two-body gravitational scattering problem at second post-Minkowskian order (2PM). We calculate the momentum transfer (which reproduces Westpfahl’s old result), the change in mechanical angular momentum (which matches the radiative flux recently computed by Damour), and the change in mechanical mass moment (the time-space components of the angular momentum tensor), which has not previously appeared. Besides the new 2PM results of explicit trajectories and all conserved quantities, this work clarifies the role of gravitational self-force in PM scattering theory and provides a foundation for higher-order calculations.
The effect of the Doppler mismatch in microwave electrometry using Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler–Townes splitting
Authors: Zhou Fei , Jia Feng-Dong , Mei Jiong , Liu Xiu-Bin , Zhang Huai-Yu , Yu Yong-Hong , Liang Wei-Chen , Qin Jian-Wei , Zhang Jian , Xie Feng , Zhong Zhi-Ping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We have systematically investigated the influence of the gas temperature (T), the Rabi frequencies of the probe laser (Ωp), the coupling laser (Ωc) and the radio-frequency (RF) (ΩRF) on the Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes (AT) splitting (Δf) by defining a general Doppler mismatch factor D
g = ΩRF/Δf in the Rydberg atom-based microwave electrometry. The effect of T on D
g is studied in detail from 0 to 1000 K, the results show that D
g is insensitive to T when T < 10 μK or T > 10 K, while D
g changes significantly with 10 K

>

T
>
10

μ
K

. Then the effects of Ωp, Ωc and ΩRF on factor D
g at T = 300 K (typical room temperature) and T = 10 μK (typical temperature of cold atom by laser cooling) are studied in detail, respectively. The results show that the linewidth of Rydberg EIT (ΓEIT) can be used as a key parameter to characterize the dependence of D
g on Ωp and Ωc in both cases. D
g is insensitive to T, Ωp and Ωc when ΩRF > 3ΓEIT which means that ΓEIT determines the lower limit of the linear region of the RF electric field strength measured by EIT–AT splitting. More interesting, the range where D
g is insensitive to Ωp and Ωc can be greatly expanded by lowering the gas temperature to 10 μK. The ranges of parameters where D
g is insensitive to T, Ωp, Ωc and ΩRF are given, and such relationship can be easily scaled to other atomic systems. The results can help the selection of various parameters in the experiments and specific applications to ensure the accuracy of measuring the RF electric field.
Numerical investigation on performance of ultra-thin GaAs solar cells enabled with frontal surface pyramid array
Authors: Peng Y S , Yao M H , Liu Z M , Tu J L , Cao Q J , Gong S F , Hu Y T , Zhou S L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the optical and electrical characteristics of ultra-thin GaAs solar cell with front-surface pyramid array are investigated systematically. The results show that the cell with pyramid array could significantly improve the photon absorption efficiency due to synergistic effects of antireflection and diffraction compared with reference solar cells with single and double anti-reflective coating (ARC), and the maximal integrated quantum efficiency of 0.88 is obtained for pyramid cells, much higher than that of 0.75 and 0.71 for double and single ARC solar cells, respectively. Electric simulation demonstrates the total recombination rate of solar cell with pyramid array is higher than that of reference solar cells due to higher carrier concentration. The radiative recombination dominated in the base and emitter region, while the Shockely-Read-Hall recombination becomes the primary recombination mechanism in the space charge region, both which are much higher than Auger recombination. Surface recombination has little impact on the photovoltaic performance due to the presence of wide bandgap window layer. For pyramid cell, the

J

s
c

,

V

o
c

,
η

of 22.65 mA cm−2, 1.120 V and 21.84% are obtained when considering photon recycling effect, respectively, are higher than those of 19.52 mA cm−2, 1.106 V and 18.72% for double ARC solar cell, and those of 18.32 mA cm−2, 1.106 V and 17.60% for single ARC solar cell.
An indentation method for determining the film thickness, Young’s modulus, and hardness of bilayer materials
Authors: Zhao Siwei , Zhang Jianwei , Li Yuanxin , Liu Haitao , Wang Bingbing , Zhao Minghao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Simultaneously determining the film thickness, Young’s modulus, and hardness of film and substrate is a significant challenge due to the substrate effect. A method to solve the inverse problem of characterizing the mechanical properties of bilayer materials for instrumented indentation testing is proposed. This is done in combination with a weight function which could be obtained via finite element simulation. Using the proposed method, the film thickness and Young’s modulus of film-substrate materials, and the hardness values of the film and substrate could be determined. The proposed method is applicable to Vickers, Berkovich, and 70.3° conical indenters. Within the study range, numerical and theoretical results show that this method is both feasible and accurate in determining the above parameters, compared with existing experimental results. The method flow chart to determine the above parameters is also shown. This method separates the coupling effect between the film and the substrate in the bilayer material, giving it practical prospects in the field of indentation testing technology.
In-situ electrochemical synthesis of a high-performance S/VO
x
composite for aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Deng Lei , Yu Dongxu , Sun Ge , Zhang Xinyuan , Wang Chunzhong , Tian Ruiyuan , Du Fei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
V-based materials have attracted wide attention as high-capacity cathode materials for aqueous batteries owing to their unique structures. However, much effort should be made to increase the rate performance and solve the issue of fast capacity fading to meet the ever-growing need for low-cost and safe energy-storage devices. Herein, a novel S/VO
x
composite is synthesized via a very simple in-situ electrochemical-induced phase transition from VS4. The as-prepared composite electrode can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 376 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1, much higher than that of VS4 (150 mAh g−1). Moreover, it shows a good discharge capacity of 260 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 with a retention of ∼100% over 2000 cycles, indicating an impressive electrochemical stability. The outstanding Zn2+ storage performance could be attributed to the characteristics of the composite’s unique structure, highly reversible electrochemical reactions, and fast Zn2+ transport.
Theory of sound attenuation in amorphous solids from nonaffine motions
Authors: Baggioli M , Zaccone A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a theoretical derivation of acoustic phonon damping in amorphous solids based on the nonaffine response formalism for the viscoelasticity of amorphous solids. The analytical theory takes into account the nonaffine displacements in transverse waves and is able to predict both the ubiquitous low-energy diffusive damping ∼k
2, as well as a novel contribution to the Rayleigh damping ∼k
4 at higher wavevectors and the crossover between the two regimes observed experimentally. The coefficient of the diffusive term is proportional to the microscopic viscous (Langevin-type) damping in particle motion (which arises from anharmonicity), and to the nonaffine correction to the static shear modulus, whereas the Rayleigh damping emerges in the limit of low anharmonicity, consistent with previous observations and macroscopic models. Importantly, the k
4 Rayleigh contribution derived here does not arise from harmonic disorder or elastic heterogeneity effects and it is the dominant mechanism for sound attenuation in amorphous solids as recently suggested by molecular simulations.
Fast nonlinear Hoyergram for bearings fault diagnosis under random impact interference
Authors: Yang Zujie , Zhang Zongzhen , Wang Jinrui , Han Baokun , Bao Huaiqian , Liu Zongling , Li Shunming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Random impact interference has always been an important subject in fault diagnosis. In the fast kurtogram (FK), kurtosis is a sparsity index used to locate optimal resonance frequency bands. However, the shortcomings of the kurtosis measure are a tendency to select the random impact with a large amplitude and a relatively weak sparse measure ability, which reduces the accuracy and anti-interference of the FK method. To overcome the effects of random impact interference, this paper proposes a novel bearing fault diagnosis method named the fast nonlinear Hoyergram (FNH), in which the nonlinear Hoyer index is employed to replace kurtosis to improve the fault representation capability under random impulse interference. Firstly, Z-score normalization and a generalized nonlinear sigmoid activation function are used for signal preprocessing, and the scale distribution of the signal is changed to weaken the impact of random impact interference. Secondly, the Hoyer index, which can be viewed as the normalized form of the

l
2

/

l
1

norm, is used to replace kurtosis to improve the sparsity measure capability. Thirdly, in the Hoyergram, the frequency band with the largest Hoyer value can be chosen as the best resonance frequency band for the squared envelope analysis. Finally, the proposed FNH is compared with the FK method through simulation and experimental signals, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.