bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of TSPO Modulators on Electroencephalogram Activity and Exploratory Behavior
Authors: Hines Rochelle M. , Aquino Elaine A. , Khumnark Matthew I. , Dávila Maria P. , Hines Dustin J. 
Published: April 2022

Network communication in the CNS relies upon multiple neuronal and glial signaling pathways. In addition to synaptic transmission, other organelles such as mitochondria play roles in cellular signaling. One highly conserved mitochondrial signaling mechanism involves the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Originally, TSPO was identified as a binding site for benzodiazepines in the periphery. It was later discovered that TSPO is found in mitochondria, including in CNS cells. TSPO is implicated in multiple cellular processes, including the translocation of cholesterol and steroidogenesis, porphyrin transport, cellular responses to stress, inflammation, and tumor progression. Yet the impacts of modulating TSPO signaling on network activity and behavioral performance have not been characterized. In the present study, we assessed the effects of TSPO modulators PK11195, Ro5-4864, and XBD-173 via electroencephalography (EEG) and the open field test (OFT) at low to moderate doses. Cortical EEG recordings revealed increased power in the δ and θ frequency bands after administration of each of the three modulators, as well as compound- and dose-specific changes in α and γ. Behaviorally, these compounds reduced locomotor activity in the OFT in a dose-dependent manner, with XBD-173 having the subtlest behavioral effects while still strongly modulating the EEG. These findings indicate that TSPO modulators, despite their diversity, exert similar effects on the EEG while displaying a range of sedative/hypnotic effects at moderate to high doses. These findings bring us one step closer to understanding the functions of TSPO in the brain and as a target in CNS disease.
Extraction Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Hepatoma Activity of Acidic Polysaccharides From Scutellaria barbata D. Don
Authors: Su Wenwen , Wu Leilei , Liang Qichao , Lin Xiaoyue , Xu Xiaoyi , Yu Shikai , Lin Yitong , Zhou Jiadong , Fu Yang , Gao Xiaoyan , Zhang Bo , Li Li , Li Dan , Yin Yongkui , Song Gaochen 
Published: April 2022

The Chinese medicinal herb Scutellaria barbata D. Don has antitumour effects and is used to treat liver cancer in the clinic. S. barbata polysaccharide (SBP), one of the main active components extracted from S. barbata D. Don, exhibits antitumour activity. However, there is still a lack of research on the extraction optimization, structural characterization, and anti-hepatoma activity of acidic polysaccharides from S. barbata D. Don. In this study, the optimal extraction conditions for SBP were determined by response surface methodology (RSM): the material-liquid ratio was 1:25, the extraction time was 2 h, and the extraction temperature was 90°C. Under these conditions, the average extraction efficiency was 3.85 ± 0.13%. Two water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from S. barbata D. Don, namely, SBP-1A and SBP-2A, these homogeneous acidic polysaccharide components with average molecular weights of 1.15 × 105 Da and 1.4 × 105 Da, respectively, were obtained at high purity. The results showed that the monosaccharide constituents of the two components were fucose, galactosamine hydrochloride, rhamnose, arabinose, glucosamine hydrochloride, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose; the molar ratio of these constituents in SBP-1A was 0.6:0.3:0.6:30.6:3.3:38.4:16.1:8:1.4, and that in SBP-2A was 0.6:0.5:0.8:36.3:4.4:42.7:9.2:3.6:0.7. In addition, SBP-1A and SBP-2A contained uronic acid and β-glucan, and the residue on the polysaccharide was mainly pyranose. The in vitro results showed that the anti-hepatoma activity of SBP-2A was better than that of SBP-1A and SBP. In addition, SBP-2A significantly enhanced HepG2 cell death, as cell viability was decreased, and SBP-2A induced HepG2 cell apoptosis and blocked the G1 phase. This phenomenon was coupled with the upregulated expression of P53 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, as well as the downregulated expression of the cell cycle-regulating protein cyclinD1, CDK4, and Bcl-2 in this study. Further analysis showed that 50 mg/kg SBP-2A inhibited the tumour growth in H22 tumour-bearing mice, with an average inhibition rate of 40.33%. Taken together, SBP-2A, isolated and purified from S. barbata showed good antitumour activity in vivo and in vitro, and SBP-2A may be a candidate drug for further evaluation in cancer prevention. This study provides insight for further research on the molecular mechanism of the anti-hepatoma activity of S. barbata polysaccharide.
Efficacy and Safety of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors as Adjuvant Treatments for Patients with Hypercholesterolemia Treated with Statin: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Yi-Ting , Ho Li-Ting , Hsu Hsin-Yin , Tu Yu-Kang , Chien Kuo-Liong 
Published: April 2022

Background: The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are potent LDL-C lowering agents. However, few head-to-head studies evaluated the efficacy on the lowering in other atherogenic apolipoproteins and safety of PCSK9 inhibitors at different dosages as an add-on statins therapy in hypercholesterolemia patients.Methods: This study is a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized control trials to compare the efficacy of lipid reduction and adverse events of PCSK9 inhibitors in statin-treated hypercholesterolemia patients. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched till April 20, 2021, for randomized controlled trials. Random-effect network meta-analyses were undertaken to compare the differences in the percent reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels and the risk of AEs among different PCSK9 inhibitors.Results: A total of 22 articles with 42,786 patients were included. The lipid reductions in LDL-C, ApoB, and Lp(a) with add-on PCSK9 inhibitors vs. placebo in statin-treated patients across all trials were 50–63%, 43–52%, and 23–31%, respectively. Evolocumab 140 mg Q2W was ranked the best among all treatment strategies for lowering LDL-C, ApoB, and Lp(a) levels, and the treatment difference was 68.05% (95% confidence interval (CI), 62.43% to 73.67) in LDL-C reduction, 54.95% (95% CI, 49.55% to 60.35%) in ApoB reduction, and 34.25% (95% CI, 27.59% to 40.91%) in Lp(a) reduction compared with the placebo. No significant risk difference of adverse events between PCSK9 inhibitors and placebo was found.Conclusion: PCSK9 inhibitors showed a significant effect on the reduction in LDL-C, ApoB, and Lp(a) levels in statin-treated patients. Evolocumab 140 mg Q2W showed significantly larger degrees of LDL-C, ApoB, and Lp(a) reduction.
Association of Risperidone With Gastric Cancer: Triangulation Method From Cell Study, Animal Study, and Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Vincent Chin-Hung , Hsu Tsai-Ching , Lin Chiao-Fan , Huang Jing-Yu , Chen Yi-Lung , Tzang Bor-Show , McIntyre Roger S. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To examine the effects of risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic agent, on gastric cancer.Methods: A triangulation method comprising bench studies, including cell and animal experiments, and a retrospective cohort study, was subsequently performed.Results: The bench study indicated that risperidone exerted more prominent tumor inhibition effects than other atypical antipsychotics on the proliferation of KATO-III cells, a human gastric cancer cell line. Significant and dose-dependent cell viability was observed in Hs27 cells (control cells) in the presence of risperidone compared with in KATO-III cells. Both in vivo and in vitro results indicated that risperidone significantly inhibited the proliferation of KATO-III cells by inducing ROS and apoptosis, and that it suppressed the growth of xenografted KATO-III tumors in nude mice. In addition, the population-based cohort study found that risperidone users had reduced risks of gastric cancer compared with non-users, with lowered adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for two induction periods (HR = 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–0.83 for the one-year induction period, and HR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.61–0.75 for the two-year induction period).Conclusion: The findings are consistent with anticancer effects associated with risperidone, but further research and evaluations are warranted.
Increased Expression of Syncytin-1 in Skeletal Muscle of Humans With Increased Body Mass Index
Authors: Ravichandran Jayachandran , Roust Lori R. , Katsanos Christos S. 
Published: April 2022

Obesity negatively impacts skeletal muscle protein metabolism, and also impairs skeletal muscle maintenance and regeneration. We analyzed muscle biopsy samples from humans with increased body mass index (BMI) (i.e. &gt; 30 kg/m2) and controls (i.e., BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2) for expression of syncytin-1, a fusogenic protein regulating skeletal muscle regeneration. When compared to controls, humans with increased BMI and concomitant reduction in muscle protein synthesis had higher expression of syncytin-1 in skeletal muscle (p &lt; 0.05). Across human subjects, muscle protein synthesis correlated inversely (r = −0.51; p = 0.03) with syncytin-1 expression in muscle. Using a C2C12 cell line we found that expression of syncytin-A (i.e, corresponding protein in murine tissue) is increased by insulin, and that this response is impaired in the presence of fatty acids, whose metabolism is altered within the metabolic environment induced by increased BMI. In C2C12 cells, the response of the protein 4E-BP1, which signals increase in protein synthesis in muscle, resembled that of syncytin-A. These findings provide novel insights into the expression of syncytin-1 in skeletal muscle of humans with increased BMI, as well as its basic regulation by insulin and fatty acids in muscle. The findings signify the need for further research into the regulation of syncytin-1 in skeletal muscle of humans with increased BMI, as well as its biological implications for altering muscle protein metabolism and regeneration.
The Effects of the Solution-Focused Model on Anxiety and Postpartum Depression in Nulliparous Pregnant Women
Authors: Huang Cuiqin , Han Wei , Hu Sanlian 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundSolution-focused model (SFM) is an intervention method that fully mobilizes patients’ initiative through their potential. We aimed to investigate the effects of SFM on anxiety and postpartum depression (PPD) in nulliparous pregnant women compared with routine care services.MethodsWe chose the mothers diagnosed as depressed or with depressive tendency by Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at 28 weeks of gestation and divided them into the intervention and control groups. The control group only took the routine pregnancy healthy nursing, while the SFM group took the regular nursing and SFM counselling. Different assessments were conducted at 28 weeks of gestation, post-delivery, and post-intervention to evaluate the anxiety and depression levels of the patients. Finally, nursing satisfaction was evaluated by the nursing satisfaction questionnaire.ResultsCompared with the control group, SFM could decrease the scores of anxiety and depression more effectively and influence sleep quality more positively. We also found that SFM resulted in significantly higher nursing satisfaction than that in the control group (p = 0.0046).ConclusionIn conclusion, SFM could effectively alleviate anxiety and PPD in nulliparous pregnant women.
The Association Between Possible Stressors and Mood Outcomes in Older Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Angevaare Milou J. , van Hout Hein P. J. , Smalbrugge Martin , Blankenstein Annette H. , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. , Twisk Jos W. R. , Joling Karlijn J. 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionResilience incorporates the presence of a positive response to some type of stressor. To properly explore resilience, it is important to systematically identify relevant stressors. We aimed to identify (combinations of) stressors with the strongest relationship with observer-reported and self-reported mood outcomes in older residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in The Netherlands.Materials and MethodsWe included 4,499 older (≥60) residents of 40 LTCFs who participated in the Dutch InterRAI-LTCF cohort between 2005 and 2018. The association of possible stressors (single stressors, number of stressors, and combinations of two stressors) in this population with observer-reported (Depression Rating Scale) and self-reported mood outcomes was analyzed using multilevel tobit models and logistic regressions.ResultsMajor life stressor [“experiences that (threatened to) disrupt(ed) a person's daily routine and imposed some degree of readjustment”] and conflict with other care recipients and/or staff were most strongly associated with both mood outcomes. Furthermore, conflict was a particularly prevalent stressor (24%). Falls, fractures, and hospital visits were more weakly or not associated at all. Overall, the associations were similar for the mood outcomes based on observer-report and self-report, although there were some differences. Multiple stressors were more strongly associated with both mood outcomes than one stressor.ConclusionMajor life stressor and conflict emerged as important stressors for resilience research within the psychological domain in LTCF residents. Further (longitudinal) research is necessary to determine the directionality and relevance of the strong association of conflict with mood for LTCF practice.
Outdoor Activity in the Daytime, but Not the Nighttime, Predicts Better Mental Health Status During the COVID-19 Curfew in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al Anouti Fatme , Thomas Justin , Karras Spyridon , El Asswad Nour 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and the associated infection prevention and control measures had a negative impact on the mental health of many people. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), infection control measures implemented after March 24th, 2020, placed necessary restrictions on people's freedom of movement.AimThis study aimed to assess the association between levels of daytime vs. nighttime outdoor activity and mental health among a sample of UAE residents during the lockdown period.MethodAn opportunity sample of 245 participants completed an online survey assessing levels of depression, somatic symptoms, daytime and nighttime activity levels.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression revealed that daytime activity, but not nighttime activity, was associated with a lower risk of clinically significant depressive and somatic symptomatology.ConclusionThe association of better mental health with daytime not nighttime outdoor activity could be possibly attributed to vitamin D, but further studies are needed to confirm this speculation.
Association Between Air Pollutants and Pediatric Respiratory Outpatient Visits in Zhoushan, China
Authors: Liu Wen-Yi , Yi Jing-Ping , Shi Leiyu , Tung Tao-Hsin 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the time-series relationship between air pollutants and the number of children's respiratory outpatient visits in coastal cities.MethodsWe used time series analysis to investigate the association between air pollution levels and pediatric respiratory outpatient visits in Zhoushan city, China. The population was selected from children aged 0–18 who had been in pediatric respiratory clinics for eight consecutive years from 2014 to 2020. After describing the population and weather characteristics, a lag model was used to explore the relationship between outpatient visits and air pollution.ResultsWe recorded annual outpatient visits for different respiratory diseases in children. The best synergy lag model found a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 for every 4–10% increase in the number of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits (P &lt; 0.05). The cumulative effect of an increase in the number of daily pediatric respiratory clinics with a lag of 1–7 days was the best model.ConclusionsPM2.5 is significantly related to the number of respiratory outpatient visits of children, which can aid in formulating policies for health resource allocation and health risk assessment strategies.
Why Do Patients With Ischaemic Heart Disease Drop Out From Cardiac Rehabilitation in Primary Health Settings. A Qualitative Audit of Patient Charts
Authors: Ravn Maiken Bay , Uhd Maria , Svendsen Marie Louise , Ørtenblad Lisbeth , Maribo Thomas 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundCardiac rehabilitation (CR) and medical treatment are integrated parts of the intervention for cardiac patients and are a class 1A recommendation. However, CR dropout is reported to be relatively high and little is known about the reasons for CR dropout in primary health settings.AimThis study investigates causes for CR dropout through a qualitative audit of medical charts among patients with ischaemic heart disease.MethodsThis was a qualitative retrospective audit of patient's medical charts. Patients who dropped out from CR between 1 January and 31 December 2018 in five primary health settings were included. Local patient charts provided information related to causes and formed the basis of the analysis. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 690 patients were referred for and commenced CR and 199 (29%) dropped out. Twenty-five (12.6%) patients finished CR but were excluded due to standards of ≥180 days between CR meetings, leaving 118 patients included. Four themes as causes for patient's dropout were identified: (1) CR-programmes, (2) logistical, (3) intrapersonal and (4) clinical factors.ConclusionThis study identified new focus areas to which health professionals may attend in reducing drop-out from CR. Organisation of CR, challenges with combining labor market attachment and CR, focus on patient education and comorbidities. The results underline the importance of health professionals emphasizing the benefits of CR and explains that CR enhances long-term labor market attachment. Furthermore, health professionals should encourage participation in patient education and adapt exercise to the individual patient's potential.
The Anesthesiologist's Perspective Regarding Non-intubated Thoracic Surgery: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rosboch Giulio Luca , Lyberis Paraskevas , Ceraolo Edoardo , Balzani Eleonora , Cedrone Martina , Piccioni Federico , Ruffini Enrico , Brazzi Luca , Guerrera Francesco 
Published: April 2022

Non-intubated thoracic surgery (NITS) is a growing practice, alongside minimally invasive thoracic surgery. To date, only a consensus of experts provided opinions on NITS leaving a number of questions unresolved. We then conducted a scoping review to clarify the state of the art regarding NITS. The systematic review of all randomized and non-randomized clinical trials dealing with NITS, based on Pubmed, EMBASE, and Scopus, retrieved 665 articles. After the exclusion of ineligible studies, 53 were assessed examining: study type, Country of origin, surgical procedure, age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologist's physical status, airway management device, conversion to orotracheal intubation and pulmonary complications rates and length of hospital stay. It emerged that NITS is a procedure performed predominantly in Asia, and certain European Countries. In China, NITS is more frequently performed for parenchymal resection surgery, whereas in Europe, it is mainly employed for pleural pathologies. The most commonly used device for airway management is the laryngeal mask. The conversion rate to orotracheal intubation is a~3%. The results of the scoping review seem to suggest that NITS procedures are becoming increasingly popular, but its role needs to be better defined. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to better define the role of the clinical variables possibly impacting on the technique effectiveness.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://osf.io/mfvp3/, identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/MFVP3.
Identification of Stingless Bee Honey Adulteration Using Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Aquaphotomics
Authors: Raypah Muna E. , Omar Ahmad Fairuz , Muncan Jelena , Zulkurnain Musfirah , Abdul Najib Abdul Rahman 
Published: April 2022

Honey is a natural product that is considered globally one of the most widely important foods. Various studies on authenticity detection of honey have been fulfilled using visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy techniques. However, there are limited studies on stingless bee honey (SBH) despite the increase of market demand for this food product. The objective of this work was to present the potential of Vis-NIR absorbance spectroscopy for profiling, classifying, and quantifying the adulterated SBH. The SBH sample was mixed with various percentages (10–90%) of adulterants, including distilled water, apple cider vinegar, and high fructose syrup. The results showed that the region at 400–1100 nm that is related to the color and water properties of the samples was effective to discriminate and quantify the adulterated SBH. By applying the principal component analysis (PCA) on adulterants and honey samples, the PCA score plot revealed the classification of the adulterants and adulterated SBHs. A partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was developed to quantify the contamination level in the SBH samples. The general PLSR model with the highest coefficient of determination and lowest root means square error of cross-validation (RCV2=0.96 and RMSECV=5.88 %) was acquired. The aquaphotomics analysis of adulteration in SBH with the three adulterants utilizing the short-wavelength NIR region (800–1100 nm) was presented. The structural changes of SBH due to adulteration were described in terms of the changes in the water molecular matrix, and the aquagrams were used to visualize the results. It was revealed that the integration of NIR spectroscopy with aquaphotomics could be used to detect the water molecular structures in the adulterated SBH.
Association between vitamin D and incident herpes zoster: a UK Biobank study
Authors: Lin Liang-Yu , Mathur Rohini , Mulick Amy , Smeeth Liam , Langan Sinéad M , Warren-Gash Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundVitamin D has immunomodulatory effects, but any association with herpes zoster (HZ) is unclear.AimTo explore the association between vitamin D status and risk of incident HZ in adults in the UK.Design and settingA cohort study involving participants of UK Biobank (a database containing the health information from half a million individuals) across England, Wales, and Scotland, who had at least one vitamin D testing result with linked primary care electronic health records.MethodThe primary exposure was vitamin D status, categorised as deficient (<25 nmol/L), insufficient (25–49 nmol/L), or sufficient (≥50 nmol/L). The secondary exposures were self-reported vitamin D supplementation at baseline assessment and vitamin D prescription records. The outcome was diagnosed incident HZ, identified from linked primary care or hospital inpatient records. Weibull regression was used, adjusting for potential confounders, including demographic factors, comorbidities, and immunosuppression.ResultsIn total, 177 572 eligible participants were included in the analysis, with a mean follow-up time of 10.1 years (standard deviation 1.9 years). No evidence showed that low vitamin D was associated with a higher incidence of HZ, compared with people with sufficient vitamin D (deficient: adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90 to 1.10; insufficient: HR 1.03, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.10). No evidence was found that supplementing vitamin D or receiving vitamin D prescription was associated with HZ incidence (supplementation: HR 0.88, 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.16; prescription: HR 1.11, 95% CI = 0.91 to 1.34).ConclusionNo association of vitamin D status, supplementation, or prescription with incident HZ was observed. No evidence supported vitamin D supplementation as a strategy to prevent HZ.