bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of acrylic acid through aldol condensation of acetic acid with formaldehyde catalyzed by Bi‐,W‐ and Cs‐doped B2O3/SiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Aili , Ye Chunlin , Yu Dejian , Ding Yun , Yin Hengbo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcrylic acid commercially produced by the successively catalytic oxidation of propylene has a high cost. The synthesis of acrylic acid by aldol condensation between coal derivatives, acetic acid and formaldehyde, is an economic alternative to the propylene oxidation process. However, the development of an environmentally friendly and effective catalyst has remained a challenge.RESULTSDiboron trioxide [B2O3(6–20%)]/silica (SiO2) nanocomposites with B2O3 particle sizes of 1–2 nm prepared by the wetness impregnation of boric acid into silica aerogel and subsequent calcination at 500 °C effectively catalyzed the gas‐phase aldol condensation reaction between acetic acid and formaldehyde (trioxymethylene) to acrylic acid with a selectivity of ≈87% at 340–400 °C. Bismuth (Bi‐), tungsten (W‐) and caesium (Cs)‐doped B2O3/SiO2 nanocomposites had higher catalytic activities in the gas‐phase aldol condensation reaction to acrylic acid than the undoped B2O3/SiO2 nanocomposite.CONCLUSIONWeak‐strength Lewis acid and alkali sites of the B2O3(6–20%)/SiO2 nanocomposites co‐catalyzed the aldol condensation reaction to form acrylic acid. The doping of B2O3/SiO2 nanocomposites with Bi, W and Cs components results in the formation of BiBO3, WO3 and CsBO2 phases, which lead to an increase in acidity and basicity resulting in higher catalytic activity in the formation of acrylic acid. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Breast microscopic cancer segmentation and classification using unique 4‐qubit‐quantum model
Authors: Amin Javaria , Sharif Muhammad , Fernandes Steven Lawrence , Wang Shui‐Hua , Saba Tanzila , Khan Amjad Rehman 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe visual inspection of histopathological samples is the benchmark for detecting breast cancer, but a strenuous and complicated process takes a long time of the pathologist practice. Deep learning models have shown excellent outcomes in clinical diagnosis and image processing and advances in various fields, including drug development, frequency simulation, and optimization techniques. However, the resemblance of histopathologic images of breast cancer and the inclusion of stable and infected tissues in different areas make detecting and classifying tumors on entire slide images more difficult. In breast cancer, a correct diagnosis is needed for complete care in a limited amount of time. An effective detection can relieve the pathologist's workload and mitigate diagnostic subjectivity. Therefore, this research work investigates improved the pre‐trained xception and deeplabv3+ design semantic model. The model has been trained on input images with ground masks on the tuned parameters that significantly improve the segmentation of ultrasound breast images into respective classes, that is, benign/malignant. The segmentation model delivered an accuracy of greater than 99% to prove the model's effectiveness. The segmented images and histopathological breast images are transferred to the 4‐qubit‐quantum circuit with six‐layered architecture to detect breast malignancy. The proposed framework achieved remarkable performance as contrasted to currently published methodologies.HighlightsThis research proposed hybrid semantic model using pre‐trained xception and deeplabv3 for breast microscopic cancer classification in to benign and malignant classes at accuracy of 95% accuracy, 99% accuracy for detection of breast malignancy.
Racial and ethnic differences in pediatric unintentional injuries requiring hospitalization
Authors: Jeffries Kristyn , Puls Henry T. , Hall Matthew , Bettenhausen Jessica L. , Markham Jessica L. , Synhorst David C. , Dowd M. D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThis study aims to comprehensively examine racial and ethnic differences in pediatric unintentional injuries requiring hospitalization by age across injury mechanisms.Study DesignThis was a retrospective, nationally representative cross‐sectional analysis of discharge data within the 2016 Kids' Inpatient Database for 98,611 children ≤19 years with unintentional injuries resulting in hospitalization. Injury categories included passengers and pedestrians injured in a motor vehicle crash, falls, drownings, burns, firearms, drug and nondrug poisonings, suffocations, and other injuries. Relative risk (RR) for injuries requiring hospitalization were calculated for children of Black, Hispanic, and Other races and ethnicities compared with White children, and then RR were further stratified by age. Excessive hospitalizations were calculated as the absolute number of hospitalizations for each race and ethnicity group that would have been avoided if each group had the same rate as White children.ResultsBlack children were significantly more likely to be hospitalized compared with White children for all injury mechanisms except falls, and in nearly all age groups with the greatest RR for firearm injuries (RR 9.8 [95% confidence interval: 9.5–10.2]). Differences were associated with 6263 excessive hospitalizations among all racial and ethnic minority children compared with White children.ConclusionsRacial and ethnic minority children represent populations at persistent disproportionate risk for injuries resulting in hospitalization; risk that varies in important ways by injury mechanism and children's age. These findings suggest the importance of the environmental and societal exposures that may drive these differences, but other factors, such as provider bias, may also contribute.
Help or harm? The impact of property titling on women's acceptance of intimate partner violence
Authors: Shwachman Kaminaga Allison , Sheldon Hannah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe examine if having legal documentation of one's property rights reduces women's tolerance of intimate partner violence (IPV) in eight countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Whilst property titling may have numerous benefits, decreased justification of IPV does not appear to consistently be one of those benefits. Results indicate that out of eight countries examined, only in Ethiopia and Benin did inclusion of women's names on property titles reduce acceptance of IPV. Our findings reinforce the notion that context matters. Whilst in some countries, policies that promote titling may have positive spillover effects, in other contexts, property titling simply is not enough to counter traditional beliefs that IPV is socially acceptable.
Environmental risk factors and genetic markers of Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus infection among Uygur population in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Xin , Fang Qiwen , Zhu Sibo , Wu Xuefu , Yuan Huangbo , Liu Zhenqiu , Xu Yiyun , Chen Tao , Zeng Yan , Zhang Tiejun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is endemic in Xinjiang, China. Determinants of KSHV seropositivity among high‐risk groups are not well understood. We seek to identify genetic and environmental predisposing factors for KSHV infection among Uygurs in this endemic region. A cross‐sectional study was performed among the Uygur population in Xinjiang, China. KSHV‐antibodies were detected using immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles were genotyped. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to explore the environmental and genetic risk factors of KSHV seropositivity. Finally, a total of 721 participants were included. The seroprevalence of KSHV was 24.1% among this population. Sweet‐food preference (odds ratio [OR] 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–3.34), and coronary heart disease (OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.24–2.94) were statistically correlated with KSHV infection. HLA‐DQB1*06:09 were found to significantly increase the risk of KSHV infection under all 3 models (ORAllelic = 4.06; ORDominant = 3.27; and ORRecessive = 8.06). Six SNPs (SNP0260, SNP0361, SNP0797, SNP0852, SNP1159, and SNP1375) in the DQB1 and DRB1 region and haploid type GTCTAACTAATC in block 17 were statistically associated with KSHV infection. We demonstrated that genetic variations in HLA‐DQB1/DRB1 and environmental risk factors were strongly associated with KSHV infection among this population.
Neural heterogeneity underlying late adolescent motivational processing is linked to individual differences in behavioral sensation seeking
Authors: Demidenko Michael I. , Huntley Edward D. , Weigard Alexander S. , Keating Daniel P. , Beltz Adriene M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdolescent risk‐taking, including sensation seeking (SS), is often attributed to developmental changes in connectivity among brain regions implicated in cognitive control and reward processing. Despite considerable scientific and popular interest in this neurodevelopmental framework, there are few empirical investigations of adolescent functional connectivity, let alone examinations of its links to SS behavior. The studies that have been done focus on mean‐based approaches and leave unanswered questions about individual differences in neurodevelopment and behavior. The goal of this paper is to take a person‐specific approach to the study of adolescent functional connectivity during a continuous motivational state, and to examine links between connectivity and self‐reported SS behavior in 104 adolescents (MAge = 19.3; SDAge = 1.3). Using Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation (GIMME), person‐specific connectivity during two neuroimaging runs of a monetary incentive delay task was estimated among 12 a priori brain regions of interest representing reward, cognitive, and salience networks. Two data‐driven subgroups were detected, a finding that was consistent between both neuroimaging runs, but associations with SS were only found in the first run, potentially reflecting neural habituation in the second run. Specifically, the subgroup that had unique connections between reward‐related regions had greater SS and showed a distinctive relation between connectivity strength in the reward regions and SS. These findings provide novel evidence for heterogeneity in adolescent brain‐behavior relations by showing that subsets of adolescents have unique associations between neural motivational processing and SS. Findings have broader implications for future work on reward processing, as they demonstrate that brain‐behavior relations may attenuate across runs.
The effect of fecal microbial transplant on intestinal microbial composition in short‐bowel neonatal piglets
Authors: Hinchliffe Tierah , Pauline Mirielle L. , Wizzard Pamela R. , Jovel Juan , Nation Patrick N. , Wales Paul W. , Madsen Karen L. , Turner Justine M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundShort‐bowel syndrome (SBS) in neonates is associated with microbial dysbiosis due to intestinal surgery, prolonged hospitalization, enteral nutrition, and repeated antibiotic exposure. Sepsis and liver disease, leading causes of morbidity and mortality in SBS, may relate to such intestinal dysbiosis. We investigated the safety and feasibility of fecal microbial transplant (FMT) to alter intestinal microbial composition in SBS piglets.MethodsFollowing a 75% distal small‐intestinal resection, piglets were fed parenteral nutrition with an elemental diet and randomized to saline (SAL; n = 12) or FMT (n = 12) treatments delivered by gastric tube on day 2 (d2). The FMT donor was a healthy adult pig. Comparisons were also made to healthy sow‐fed littermate controls (SOW; n = 6). Stool samples were collected daily, and tissue samples were collected at baseline and termination. Microbial DNA was extracted from stool and analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.ResultsAll piglets survived to the end point. On d2–d4, FMT piglets had some differences in microbiota composition compared with SAL, SOW, and donor counterparts. Between base and term, there were transitory changes to alpha and beta diversity in FMT and SAL.ConclusionFMT treatment in postsurgical neonatal piglets with SBS appears safe, with no increase in sepsis and no mortality. In SBS piglets, FMT induced transient changes to the intestinal microbiota. However, these changes did not persist long‐term.
Detection of calcium phosphate species in soil by confocal μ‐Raman spectroscopy#
Authors: Nkebiwe Peteh Mehdi , Sowoidnich Kay , Maiwald Martin , Sumpf Bernd , Hartmann Tobias Edward , Wanke Daniel , Müller Torsten 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRaman spectroscopy is a promising but largely underexplored tool for the detection of phosphates (P) in soil. Although it requires minimal sample preparation, it has been demonstrated mainly in test matrices or substrates to circumvent the typical signal interference caused by fluorescence of organic matter in actual agricultural soils.AimsThe aim of this study was to highlight the Raman spectroscopic detection and identification of distinct calcium phosphate species amended in contrasting soil matrices—including a real arable soil.MethodsPure calcium dihydrogen phosphate [Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O], calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4), and β‐tricalcium phosphate [β‐Ca3(PO4)2] were each amended in Luvos® healing earth, loess from a C‐horizon, and a loam arable soil from an Ap‐horizon at a dose of 1 mmol (10 g soil)–1. The unique Raman signature of each pure calcium phosphate species was determined by confocal μ‐Raman spectroscopy and used subsequently as a reference spectrum to identify the compound in each soil matrix. Controls without added P were also analyzed.ResultsCa(H2PO4)2·H2O, CaHPO4, and β‐Ca3(PO4)2 were each unambiguously detected in the treated soils. Native hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)], quartz (SiO2), feldspar (NaAlSi3O8), calcite (CaCO3), and dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] were also identified, for example, in the Raman microscopic image of the control Luvos® healing earth sample. Intrinsic β‐Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca5(PO4)3(OH) present in Ap‐horizon loam were detected and distinguished from each other by a Lorentzian fitting, which deconvoluted the individual Raman signals from an unresolved peak.ConclusionsThe usefulness of confocal μ‐Raman spectroscopy to detect distinct P species present in agricultural soil could be shown as a proof of concept.
Foreign market knowledge, international opportunity recognition, and the performance of export‐manufacturing firms
Authors: Mostafiz Md Imtiaz , Sambasivan Murali , Goh See Kwong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccumulating foreign market knowledge is critically essential for international entrepreneurs operating in the export‐manufacturing industry to recognise new international opportunities. Foreign market knowledge positively improves the international opportunity recognition process to achieve superior performance of export‐manufacturing firms. Foreign institutional knowledge is the most important among three types of foreign market knowledge that international entrepreneurs should leverage to recognise new opportunities. International entrepreneurs must seek foreign market knowledge from the breadth of various sources in their quest for successful international performance.
Trust in the global value chain in the digital era
Authors: Hosseini Tabaghdehi S. Asieh , Kalatian Hossein 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTrust plays a crucial role in international business interactions, customers' behaviors, and the GVC process in the digital business environment. In a digital environment, trust advances relationship development, which enhances the global value chain interactions among all stakeholders. The recent studies demonstrate declining trust in digital businesses at the international level. International businesses, including large companies, are very uncertain about their future which presents difficulties for the state of the global economic systems.
Blockchains and the disruption of the sharing economy value chains
Authors: Kolade Oluwaseun , Adepoju David , Adegbile Abiodun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of debates and rising public sentiments against “Big Tech,” this paper takes a conceptual approach to explore the possibilities for blockchain technologies to disrupt the governance of the sharing economy value chains. Unlike centralized trust systems employed by multisided digital platforms, blockchains employ a decentralized, open‐source system. Data can be shared, verified, and monitored using a consensus mechanism across multiple nodes. We bring insights and discussions from the extant literature to elucidate two guiding principles of the sharing economy value chains: resource optimization and data monetization. Against this backdrop, we propose a conceptual framework that compares traditional digital platforms' governance mechanisms and value drivers with block‐chained enabled platforms, where resource optimization and data monetization are driven by decentralized platform co‐owners rather than single platform owners. We offer case illustrations to explicate this framework and how it signposts a new, disruptive model for the governance of the collaborative economy, especially in developing countries.
Gamma‐ray irradiation and microbiota transplantation to separate the effects of chemical and microbial diurnal variations on the fermentation characteristics and bacterial community of Napier grass silage
Authors: Dong Zhihao , Li Junfeng , Wang Siran , Zhao Jie , Dong Dong , Shao Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo investigate the contributions of chemical and microbial diurnal variations in fermentation characteristics and bacterial community of Napier grass silage, gamma‐ray irradiated Napier grass harvested at 07.00 h (AM), 12.00 h (M) and 17.00 h (PM) was inoculated with the microbiota derived from Napier grass harvested at AM, M and PM in a 3 (irradiated forage: AMG, MG and PMG) × 3 (microbiota: AMM, MM and PMM) design and then ensiled for 14 and 60 days.RESULTSNapier grass harvested at various times had different chemical compositions and epiphytic microbiota prior to ensiling. For silages inoculated with the same microbiota, the pH values, residual water soluble carbohydrates and dry matter contents increased, and lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, ethanol and volatile fatty acids contents decreased in PMG and MG silages compared to AMG silages. MM and PMM inoculum promoted lactic acid fermentation as indicated by higher lactic acid contents and lactic/acetic acid ratios in MM and PMM‐inculated silages compared to those in AMM‐inoculated silages after 60 days of ensiling. During ensiling, epiphytic microbiota affected the Chao1 index, operational taxonomic units (OTUs) number and Shannon index, as well as the abundances, of more than half of the top 10 abundant genera, whereas chemical composition did not affect any of the bacterial diversity and richness indices and only showed significant impacts on the abundances of two genera.CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that chemical diurnal variation exerted an influence mainly on the extent of fermentation, whereas microbial diurnal variation affected more the bacterial community and fermentation types during Napier grass ensiling. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Utilization of chestnut shell lignin in alginate films
Authors: Sogut Ece , Seydim Atif Can 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDLignocellulosic structures obtained from agricultural wastes can re‐design sustainable packaging materials. The present study investigated the utilization of lignocellulose (LS), alkali lignin (L) and hydroxymethylated (modified) lignin (ML), separated from chestnut shells in alginate (AL) films at 100 and 200 mg g−1 (10% and 20%, w/w based on AL), as reinforcing agents. Lignin modification and concentration effects on the AL films were characterized by water vapor permeability (WVP), as well as morphological, mechanical, optical, thermal and active properties.RESULTSFourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that extracted L and LS had different structures, and the modification of L resulted in a peak shift and a decrease in peak intensities between 1250 and 800 cm−1. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity tests showed that films containing L had higher activity values (P < 0.05). WVP of the films containing ML was the lowest (P < 0.05) and the results revealed that 20% (w/w) concentration had an adverse effect on the WVP of films. The addition of L, LS and ML increased the tensile strength, elastic modulus and thermal properties (P < 0.05) compared to AL control films. With an increasing concentration, films containing L‐based structures showed higher opacity and relatively lower L* values (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThese results show that the addition of lignin to biopolymers is a promising method for improving the properties of biopolymers and providing functional attributes. LS had no or little effect on the film properties; however, the modification of L had the advantage of enhancing WVP and thermal properties at the same time as showing a decrease in functional properties compared to L. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
High‐throughput glycosylation analysis of intact monoclonal antibodies by mass spectrometry coupled with capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography
Authors: Naumann Lukas , Schlossbauer Patrick , Klingler Florian , Hesse Friedemann , Otte Kerstin , Neusüß Christian 
Published: January 2022

The analysis of monoclonal antibodies glycosylation is a crucial quality control attribute of biopharmaceutical drugs. High throughput screening approaches for antibody glycoform analysis are required in various stages of process optimization. Here, we present high throughput screening suitable mass spectrometry‐based workflows for the analysis of intact antibody glycosylation out of cell supernatants. Capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography were coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry or Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Both separation methods offer fast separation (10–15 min) and the capability to prevent the separated cell supernatant matrix to enter the mass spectrometry by post‐separation valving. Both mass spectrometry instruments provide comparable results and both are sufficient to determine the glycosylation pattern of the five major glycoforms of the measured antibodies. However, the Orbitrap yields higher sensitivity of 25 μg/mL (CE‐nanoCEasy‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry) and 5 μg/mL (liquid chromatography‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry). Data processing was optimized for a faster processing and easier detection of low abundant glycoforms based on averaged charge‐deconvoluted mass spectra. This approach combines a non‐target glycoform analysis while yielding the same glycosylation pattern as the traditional approach based on extracted ion traces. The presented methods enable the high throughput screening of the glycosylation pattern of antibodies down to low μg/mL‐range out of cell supernatant without any sample preparation.