bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Norm domestication challenges for local climate actions: A lesson from Arizona,USA
Authors: Yazar Mahir 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch on norm domestication in multi‐level governance structures is overlooked in urban climate governance and policy literature. This paper conceptualizes multi‐scalar interactions of norm domestication for local climate actions. The city of Phoenix, which operates under the “purple” (blue cities and red legislatures) state of Arizona, is analyzed to illustrate how a local government can take up the climate actions left in the void at the state and federal levels. The empirical findings reveal important temporal politics at the state level that influenced the local government's climate norm domestication. The period of Democratic party leadership diffused climate norms at the state‐level and positioned the local government more as a climate policy‐taker, adopting decisions from the state legislature. Swings in the state‐level executive orders under the subsequent period of Republican leadership, however, forced the local government to seek some common ground for norm domestication, usually related to the nonpartisan goals of economic development. Consequently, local climate actions are subject to depoliticization of climate change from the higher‐level governance structures. Overall, decarbonization targets are not being directed in ways that lead to a broader shift in the socio‐technical system but would support short‐term emission reductions if multiple institutions, both at the state and sub‐state levels, created spaces for collaboration rather than competition.
DES‐Type Interactions To Promote Solvent‐Free and Metal‐Free Reactions between Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles and Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Martos Mario , Pérez‐Almarcha Yanira , Pastor Isidro M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNitrogen‐containing heterocycles are of great interest to organic chemists since they are present in a wide array of bioactive molecules. The use of allylic alcohols to carry out the allylation of heterocycles has been described as a sustainable alternative for this type of functionalization. Among the plethora of methodologies described, the use of metals, solvents, or hazardous reagents is ubiquitous. The protocol described in this work has provided a solven‐ and metal‐free alternative, being mediated by the easy‐to‐synthesize and reusable 1,3‐bis(carboxymethyl)imidazolium chloride. The protocol has proved to be compatible with several nitrogen‐containing heterocycles (i. e. indole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole, carbazole, indazole, and benzotriazole) and allylic alcohols, providing the allylated‐heterocycles in up to quantitative yield, and it's possible to perform the reaction in preparative scale. Based on various green metrics (atom economy, stoichiometric factor, reaction mass efficiency, materials recovery parameter, E‐factor, and EcoScale), the overall greenness significance of the methodology has been proved.
There is an ‘I’ in truth: How salient identities shape dynamic perceptions of truth
Authors: Wang Chris , Platow Michael J. , Newman Eryn J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research examined the hypothesis that people judge as true those claims aligned with the normative content of their salient social identities. In Experiment 1a, participants’ social identities were manipulated by assigning them to ‘inductive‐thinker’ and ‘intuitive‐thinker’ groups. Participants subsequently made truth judgements about aphorisms randomly associated with ‘science’ and ‘popular wisdom’. Those with salient inductive‐thinker social identities judged science‐based claims as more truthful than popular wisdom‐based claims to a greater extent than those with salient intuitive‐thinker social identities. Experiment 1b was a preregistered replication, with additional conditions eliminating an alternative semantic‐priming explanation. In Experiment 2, American Conservatives and Liberals judged as more true claims associated with the ideological content of their social identities. This difference was attenuated through a manipulation that framed participants as more moderate than they had originally indicated. Overall, these experiments suggest an identity‐truth malleability, such that making salient specific social identities can lead to related perceptions of truth normatively aligned with those identities.
Gliovascular interface abnormality in mice with endothelial cell senescence
Authors: Kawauchi Shoji , Mizoguchi Taiji , Horibe Sayo , Tanaka Toru , Sasaki Naoto , Ikeda Koji , Emoto Noriaki , Hirata Ken‐ichi , Rikitake Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the brain, neurons, glial cells, vascular endothelial cells (ECs), and mural cells form a functional structure referred to as the neurovascular unit (NVU). The functions of the NVU become impaired with aging. To gain insight into the mechanism underlying the aging‐related changes in the NVU, we characterized in the present study the gliovascular interface in transgenic mice expressing a dominant‐negative form of the telomeric repeat‐binding factor 2 (TERF2) specifically in ECs using the Tie2 promoter. In these transgenic mice, senescence occurred in the cerebral ECs and was accompanied by upregulation of the mRNAs of proinflammatory cell adhesion molecules and cytokines. It is noteworthy that in the deep layers of the cerebral cortex, astrocytes exhibited an increase in the signals for S100β as well as a decrease in the polarization of the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) to the perivascular endfeet of the astrocytes. Mechanistically, the perivascular localization of dystroglycan and its ligand, laminin α2, was decreased, and their localization correlated well with the perivascular localization of AQP4, which supports the notion that their interaction regulates the perivascular localization of AQP4. The diminished perivascular localization of laminin α2 may be attributed to its proteolytic degradation by the matrix metalloproteinase‐2 released by senescent ECs. Pericyte coverage was increased and negatively correlated with the decrease in the perivascular localization of AQP4. We propose that aging‐related changes in ECs induce a mild morphological alteration of astrocytes and affect the localization of AQP4 at the gliovascular interface.
Seeing and extrapolating motion trajectories share common informative activation patterns in primary visual cortex
Authors: Agostino Camila Silveira , Merkel Christian , Ball Felix , Vavra Peter , Hinrichs Hermann , Noesselt Toemme 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe natural environment is dynamic and moving objects become constantly occluded, engaging the brain in a challenging completion process to estimate where and when the object might reappear. Although motion extrapolation is critical in daily life—imagine crossing the street while an approaching car is occluded by a larger standing vehicle—its neural underpinnings are still not well understood. While the engagement of low‐level visual cortex during dynamic occlusion has been postulated, most of the previous group‐level fMRI‐studies failed to find evidence for an involvement of low‐level visual areas during occlusion. In this fMRI‐study, we therefore used individually defined retinotopic maps and multivariate pattern analysis to characterize the neural basis of visible and occluded changes in motion direction in humans. To this end, participants learned velocity‐direction change pairings (slow motion‐upwards; fast motion‐downwards or vice versa) during a training phase without occlusion and judged the change in stimulus direction, based on its velocity, during a following test phase with occlusion. We find that occluded motion direction can be predicted from the activity patterns during visible motion within low‐level visual areas, supporting the notion of a mental representation of motion trajectory in these regions during occlusion.
Exploratory analysis of interleukin‐38 in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients
Authors: de Graaf Dennis M. , Teufel Lisa U. , de Nooijer Aline H. , van Gammeren Adriaan J. , Ermens Antonius A. M. , Gaál Ildikó O. , Crișan Tania O. , van de Veerdonk Frank L. , Netea Mihai G. , Dinarello Charles A. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Arts Rob J. W. ,   the Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases COVID‐19 Study Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionA major contributor to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) progression and severity is a dysregulated innate and adaptive immune response. Interleukin‐38 (IL−38) is an IL‐1 family member with broad anti‐inflammatory properties, but thus far little is known about its role in viral infections. Recent studies have shown inconsistent results, as one study finding an increase in circulating IL‐38 in COVID‐19 patients in comparison to healthy controls, whereas two other studies report no differences in IL‐38 concentrations.MethodsHere, we present an exploratory, retrospective cohort study of circulating IL‐38 concentrations in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients admitted to two Dutch hospitals (discovery n = 148 and validation n = 184) and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects. Plasma IL‐38 concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, disease‐related proteins by proximity extension assay, and clinical data were retrieved from hospital records.ResultsIL‐38 concentrations were stable during hospitalization and similar to those of healthy control subjects. IL‐38 was not associated with rates of intensive care unit admission or mortality. Only in men in the discovery cohort, IL‐38 concentrations were positively correlated with hospitalization duration. A positive correlation between IL‐38 and the inflammatory biomarker d‐dimer was observed in men of the validation cohort. In women of the validation cohort, IL‐38 concentrations correlated negatively with thrombocyte numbers. Furthermore, plasma IL‐38 concentrations in the validation cohort correlated positively with TNF, TNFRSF9, IL‐10Ra, neurotrophil 3, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, CHL1, CD244, superoxide dismutase 2, and fatty acid binding protein 2, and negatively with SERPINA12 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein.ConclusionsThese data indicate that IL‐38 is not associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. However, moderate correlations between IL‐38 concentrations and biomarkers of disease were identified in one of two cohorts. While we demonstrate that IL‐38 concentrations are not indicative of COVID‐19 severity, its anti‐inflammatory effects may reduce COVID‐19 severity and should be experimentally investigated.
Low serum level of 25‐OH vitamin D relates to Th17 and treg changes in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Chen Bai , Jin Liugen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSerum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level alters in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T‐ helper type 17 (Th17) cells are involved in immune response. Th17‐mediated proinflammatory responses contribute to tumorigenesis, and Treg plays different roles in different periods of CRC. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with significant variations in peripheral immune cells. This study investigated the relationship between Th17 and Treg cells and 25(OH)D level in CRC.MethodsNinety‐five CRC patients were included, as well as 80 healthy controls during the same period at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University. 25(OH)D level was analyzed through electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA). Th17 and Treg levels were evaluated through flow cytometry. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐17, IL‐23, and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), were analyzed through commercial enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits.Results25(OH)D levels were downregulated in the serum of CRC patients. Decreased 25(OH)D level contributed to CRC pathogenesis. Decreased 25(OH)D level in CRC correlated with increased Treg and Th17 cell ratios and TGF‐β1, IL‐10, IL‐17, and IL‐23 levels in peripheral blood.ConclusionDecreased 25(OH)D level in the serum of CRC patients had negative correlation with Treg and Th17 ratios and relative cytokines levels.
Peptide‐Based Inhibitors that Target the Docking Site of ERK2
Authors: Solomon Ohad , Shpilt Zohar , Sapir Hannah , Marom Shir , Bibas Shai , Chen Yu‐Ju , Tshuva Edit Y. , Yitzchaik Shlomo , Friedler Assaf 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAbnormal kinase activity is highly associated with disease, especially cancer. Thus, kinases are important targets for developing anti‐cancer drugs. The common approach for kinase inhibition is using small molecules that compete with ATP for binding the ATP‐binding site of the kinase. However, since the ATP‐binding site is in many cases common to numerous kinases, it is difficult to achieve selectivity when targeting this site. Here we present an alternative approach of targeting the protein‐protein interactions of kinases as means for achieving selectivity in their inhibition. We demonstrate this approach by using peptides for inhibiting the docking D‐recruitment site (DRS) of the kinase ERK2. We designed a library of peptides, derived from DRS binding sequences of ERK2‐binding proteins. We synthesized the peptides and quantified their interactions with ERK2. Three peptides, derived from the proteins ELK1, SAP1 and SAP2, bound ERK2 in the low micromolar range. These peptides also inhibited the interaction of ERK2 with a surface‐bound ELK1 derived peptide. The peptides penetrated HT29 colon cancer cells and induced a moderate decrease in cell viability. Our approach can be further utilized for developing selective peptide‐based kinase inhibitors.
“Covid‐19 is dangerous”: The role of parental verbal threat information on children's fear of Covid‐19
Authors: Nimphy Cosima A. , Elzinga Bernet M. , Van der Does Willem , Aktar Evin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionTheoretical and empirical evidence suggests that the effect of parental verbal threat information on the offspring's fear acquisition of novel stimuli may be causal. The current study investigated this verbal fear acquisition pathway from parents to children in the unique context of Covid‐19 as a novel environmental threat for parents and children.MethodsUsing an online cross‐sectional survey, we collected data about fear of Covid‐19, parent–child communication, parental anxiety, and child temperament, in the period between June 11th 2020 and May 28th 2021. Participants were 8 to 18‐year‐old children (N = 195; Mage = 14.23; 113 girls) and their parents (N = 193; Mage = 47.82; 146 mothers) living in the Netherlands.ResultsChildren of parents with stronger Covid‐19 fears also reported stronger Covid‐19 fears. Moreover, parents who were more fearful of Covid‐19 provided more threat‐related information about the virus to their children. More parental threat information in turn was related to stronger fear of Covid‐19 in their children, and partly mediated the link between parent and child fear of the virus. The link between parental threat information and children's fear of Covid‐19 was not moderated by child temperament or parental anxiety.ConclusionsParental communication about Covid‐19 may play a role in children's fear acquisition of Covid‐19. The lack of moderation of this link by parental anxiety and child temperament may reflect the potentially adaptive nature of verbal fear transmission during the first year of the pandemic and the nonclinical levels of fear in this community sample.
Sex‐Specific Differences in Gsα‐Mediated Signaling Downstream of PTH1R Activation by Abaloparatide in Bone
Authors: Swami Srilatha , Johnson Joshua , Vecchi Lawrence A , Kim Matthew J , Lanske Beate , Johnson Rachelle W , Wu Joy Y 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTTeriparatide, recombinant parathyroid hormone (PTH[1‐34]), and abaloparatide, an analogue of PTH related‐peptide (PTHrP[1‐34]), are both anabolic medications for osteoporosis that target the PTH receptor PTH1R. PTH1R is a G protein–coupled receptor, and the stimulatory Gs protein is an important mediator of the anabolic actions of PTH1R activation in bone. We have published that mice lacking the α subunit of Gs in osteoprogenitors do not increase bone mass in response to PTH(1‐34). Unexpectedly, however, PTH(1‐34) still increases osteoblast numbers and bone formation rate in male mice, suggesting that PTH1R may have both Gs‐dependent and ‐independent actions in bone. Here we examine the role of Gs signaling in the anabolic actions of abaloparatide. We find that abaloparatide increases bone formation in male mice with postnatal deletion of Gsα in Osx‐expressing osteoprogenitors (P‐GsαOsxKO mice) but not in female P‐GsαOsxKO mice. Therefore, abaloparatide has anabolic effects on bone in male but not female mice that appear to be independent of Gs‐mediated signaling. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The spectrum of plasma renin activity and hypertension diseases: Utility, outlook, and suggestions
Authors: Liu Zhenni , Jin Lizi , Zhou Weiyan , Zhang Chuanbao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlasma renin activity (PRA) is one of the recommended screening indicators for primary aldosteronism (PA) diagnosis and had become increasingly important in hypertension identification, medication guidance, and endocrine disorder confirmation.MethodsTo provide an overview of the PRA measurement progress and clinical value, this review summarizes the main contributing factors related to PRA measurement and necessary precautions during the entire analysis process. We also outline the characteristics of PRA in different endocrine diseases and their clinical utility.ResultsSignificant inconsistency was observed in PRA measurement methods, including immunoassay and isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (ID‐LC/MS/MS), which could be attributed to preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical variations. Meanwhile, consensus about environmental and procedural factors during the entire analytical process, including storage temperature, incubation condition, blank subtraction, and standardized operational procedures across different self‐developed assay laboratories, could be important to minimize analytical variations. Furthermore, commutable uniform calibrators should be prepared to improve consistency, ultimately achieving accurate and reliable measurement of PRA.ConclusionThis review summarizes the clinical utilization of PRA as a biomarker in multiple diseases, elaborating on routine detection methods and the key factors in the analytical process. We also provide feasible strategies for improving standardization and facilitating PRA assessment for larger‐scale clinical applications.
Measuring patient engagement with HIV care in sub‐Saharan Africa: a scoping study
Authors: Keene Claire M. , Ragunathan Ayesha , Euvrard Jonathan , English Mike , McKnight Jacob , Orrell Catherine ,   the InCARE Stakeholder Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionEngagement with HIV care is a multi‐dimensional, dynamic process, critical to maintaining successful treatment outcomes. However, measures of engagement are not standardized nor comprehensive. This undermines our understanding of the scope of challenges with engagement and whether interventions have an impact, complicating patient and programme‐level decision‐making. This study identified and characterized measures of engagement to support more consistent and comprehensive evaluation.MethodsWe conducted a scoping study to systematically categorize measures the health system could use to evaluate engagement with HIV care for those on antiretroviral treatment. Key terms were used to search literature databases (Embase, PsychINFO, Ovid Global‐Health, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane and the World Health Organization Index Medicus), Google Scholar and stakeholder‐identified manuscripts, ultimately including English evidence published from sub‐Saharan Africa from 2014 to 2021. Measures were extracted, organized, then reviewed with key stakeholders.Results and discussionWe screened 14,885 titles/abstracts, included 118 full‐texts and identified 110 measures of engagement, categorized into three engagement dimensions (“retention,” “adherence” and “active self‐management”), a combination category (“multi‐dimensional engagement”) and “treatment outcomes” category (e.g. viral load as an end‐result reflecting that engagement occurred). Retention reflected status in care, continuity of attendance and visit timing. Adherence was assessed by a variety of measures categorized into primary (prescription not filled) and secondary measures (medication not taken as directed). Active self‐management reflected involvement in care and self‐management. Three overarching use cases were identified: research to make recommendations, routine monitoring for quality improvement and strategic decision‐making and assessment of individual patients.ConclusionsHeterogeneity in conceptualizing engagement with HIV care is reflected by the broad range of measures identified and the lack of consensus on “gold‐standard” indicators. This review organized metrics into five categories based on the dimensions of engagement; further work could identify a standardized, minimum set of measures useful for comprehensive evaluation of engagement for different use cases. In the interim, measurement of engagement could be advanced through the assessment of multiple categories for a more thorough evaluation, conducting sensitivity analyses with commonly used measures for more comparable outputs and using longitudinal measures to evaluate engagement patterns. This could improve research, programme evaluation and nuanced assessment of individual patient engagement in HIV care.
Hit and run oncogeneses in head and neck cancers requires greater investigation
Authors: Goon Peter , Sudhoff Holger , Goerner Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHead and neck cancers are unique in so far that two major oncogenic viruses, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Human papillomavirus (HPV) infect adjacent anatomy and cause nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancers, respectively. Dominant recognized carcinogens are alcohol and tobacco but some head and neck cancers have been found to have mixed carcinogens (including betel leaf, areca nuts, slaked lime, viruses, etc.) involved in their oncogenesis and conversely, groups of patients with unknown or less dominant carcinogens involved in their development. These cancers may have had viral involvement in the past but then lost most of their viral nucleic acids (be they DNA and/or RNA) below a detection threshold, thus rendering them virus‐negative. Some of these virus‐negative tumors appear to have mutagenic signatures associated with virus‐positive cancers, for example, from the APOBEC defense mechanism which is known to mutate viral nucleic acids as well as cause collateral damage to host DNA, with subsequent development of strongly viral prejudiced mutational signatures. These mechanisms are likely to be less efficient at oncogenesis than traditional EBV and HPV oncogenes directly driving mutagenesis, thus accounting for the smaller frequencies of these cancers found. More profound investigations of these unusual tumors are warranted to dissect out these mechanistic pathways.