bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on a small‐signal analysis method for PMSG considering LVRT control and frequency regulation
Authors: Xiao Fan , Xia Yongjun , Zhang Kanjun , Li Hengxuan , Chen Kun , Li Peng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn a high proportion of new energy grids or a 100% new energy source of power grid, the dynamic performance of PMSG under fault conditions is very important. However, the current small signal model lacks detailed and deep analysis of a permanent‐magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based wind power generation under LVRT control. Here, a small signal model of a PMSG under pre‐fault, fault and after fault failure recovery stages are established. This paper employs linear analyses to characterize the dynamic performance of a PMSG‐based wind power generation system under LVRT control and practical generator characteristics. In particular, the conflict between frequency regulation and LVRT is discussed based on the constructed model. On this basis, the impact of dc‐link bandwidth on the system performance during failure recovery stage is discussed, and the active damping method is analysed to improve the performance of PMSG during failure and failure recovery stages. Finally, time‐domain simulations are utilized to verify the analyses and models discussed. The research results in this paper are helpful to promote and improve the performance of PMSG during LVRT conditions.
COLF‐GAN: Learning to axial super‐resolve focal stacks
Authors: Xiao Zhaolin , Liu Huan , Jin Haiyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn order to generate a denser focal stack, a cooperative generative adversarial network is proposed to learn the refocusing ability from light field imaging. To keep the axial continuity, the proposed framework is designed to learn features of a focal stack in both axial directions. Different from the classic generative adversarial network, our generative module consists of a forward prediction sub‐network and a backward prediction sub‐network, taking the forward‐and‐backward focal stacks as their inputs, respectively. The bi‐directional predictions are then fused by a weighting process, which is guided by an adversarial module. The proposed network is trained on light field focal stacks conducted via digital refocusing. Without loss of the refocus continuity, one can axial super‐resolve a focal stack by using the trained model. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on different types of focal stacks produced by both light fields and traditional camera shootings is validated. The experimental results indicate that the refocus variation of a focal stack can be well learned and predicted without a complete light field. Therefore, the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional digital refocusing in terms of run‐time.
Single‐phase small capacitor motor drive system with high‐efficiency buck active power decoupling converter
Authors: Zhang Chao , Xu Lei , Zhu Xiaoyong , Du Yi , Quan Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel active power decoupling circuit (APDC) based on modified Buck converter to reduce the DC‐link voltage ripple of small capacitor motor drive systems. The APDC is placed between the Boost PFC circuit and the DC‐link, and has two energy flow paths, and the sum of the power decoupling capacitor and the DC‐link capacitor voltage equals to the output voltage of the Boost converter. With these configurations, the voltage of the decoupling capacitor can be precisely controlled to be the same as the AC component of the output voltage of the Boost converter, thereby effectively reducing the DC‐link voltage ripple. Another unique feature of the proposed APDC is that the inductor works in discontinuous current mode and only work for half of the time, which not only reduces the current stress of power switches, but also further improves the efficiency of the proposed APDC. Then, an instantaneous voltage control method is investigated to reduce the DC‐link voltage drop, which significantly improve the dynamic performance of the motor. The design guideline of key components is given in detail. The feasibility of the small capacitor motor drive system based on the proposed APDC is verified by experimental results.
Numerical demonstration of a transactive energy trading model for microgrids
Authors: Crasta Cletus , Mishra Sambeet , Agabus Hannes , Palu Ivo , Wen Fushuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBidirectional power flow is becoming increasingly commonplace in modern distribution systems with the integration Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs). This has facilitated in bringing generation closer to end‐consumers, thus leading to the emergence and rapid growth of microgrids. Additionally, due to the technological revolution in Information and Communications Technology (ICT), innovative business models have developed where willing and able participants of the power system can participate in the electricity market. In line with this evolution of both the electric power system and its participants, Energy‐as‐a‐Service (EaaS) is emerging as an increasingly prominent business model to address electrical grid challenges economically. EaaS encourages electricity grid customers to play a more active role and participate in different electricity markets. This paper introduces and simulates a variant of a Transactive Energy (TE) trading algorithm for microgrids. The paper describes the model in brief how multiple microgrids assets can trade electricity to ensure more efficient and economical local resource utilization. The main motivations of this research paper is to validate and test the suitability of the TE trading algorithm for a variety of conditions. The coordinated TE trading model can optimize expansion and investment planning especially at the distribution level.
Optimal planning of solar PV and battery storage with energy management systems for Time‐of‐Use and flat electricity tariffs
Authors: Pan Xincheng , Khezri Rahmat , Mahmoudi Amin , Muyeen SM 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper determines the optimal capacity of solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage (BES) with novel rule‐based energy management systems (EMSs) under flat and time‐of‐use (ToU) tariffs. Four schemes are investigated based on the combinations of flat and ToU tariffs for buying and selling the electricity: (1) Flat‐Flat, (2) ToU‐Flat, (3) Flat‐ToU, and (4) ToU‐ToU. For each scheme, two configurations are evaluated: (i) PV only, and (ii) PV‐BES. The optimization of the grid‐connected household is evaluated based on one‐year realistic data. An uncertainty analysis is presented based on the variations of insolation, temperature, and load. Sensitivity analyses are implemented based on the average daily load, the grid constraint, and the costs of PV and BES. The operational analyses for 48 h in summer and winter are carried out to evaluate the dynamic performance of the systems for high and low solar insolation. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by comparing the results with that of common EMS based on the net metering scheme. It is found that the COE of the proposed EMS for a PV‐BES house with ToU‐Flat scheme (as the best option) is 2 ¢/kWh lower than that of the net metering scheme.
Review of energy sharing: Business models, mechanisms, and prospects
Authors: Chen Yue , Zhao Changhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of distributed generation technology is endowing consumers the ability to produce energy and transforming them into “prosumers”. This transformation shall improve energy efficiency and pave the way to a low‐carbon future. However, it also exerts critical challenges on system operations, such as the wasted backups for volatile renewable generation and the difficulty to predict behaviour of prosumers with conflicting interests and privacy concerns. An emerging business model to tackle these challenges is energy sharing, whose concepts, structures, applications, models, and designs are thoroughly reviewed in this paper, with an outlook of future research to better realise its potentials.
A consistency method of discharge detection results at solar‐blind ultraviolet based on a radiation transmission model
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Li Yonglin , Geng Jianghai , Cui Muhan , Huang Shilong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSolar‐blind ultraviolet (UV) discharge detection based on UV signals in the solar‐blind band from 240 to 280 nm is an effective non‐contact discharge detection method for electrical equipment, but there is still a problem that the detection results of different types of UV imagers are not comparable. To this end, by using standard light source and MODTRAN model, the relationship between the facular area and the radiant flux received by UV imagers was investigated by establishing a radiation transmission model for UV detection under different environmental conditions. Through analysis, it was found that the influence of humidity on the transmittance of the solar‐blind band in atmosphere can be neglected, and the transmittance is slightly affected by atmospheric pressure, temperature, and detection distance under conditions suitable for UV detection. Moreover, a consistency formula for UV detection results was proposed, thus forming a consistency method for detection results suitable for various types of UV imager. Finally, the feasibility of the consistency method was verified by UV discharge detection tests with a rod‐plate model and the absolute irradiance at discharge points of the rod‐plate model measured by a grating spectrometer. The consistency method is conducive to the promotion of UV discharge detection technology.
Evaluation of Uterocervical Angle and Cervical Length as Predictors of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: Singh Pramod Kumar , Srivastava Resham , Kumar Ishan , Rai Sangeeta , Pandey Saurabh , Shukla Ram C. , Verma Ashish 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAim The aim of this article was to evaluate uterocervical angle (UCA) and cervical length (CL) measured at 16 to 24 weeks of gestation using transvaginal sonography (TVS) as predictors of spontaneous preterm birth.Methods In this prospective study, TVS was performed in 159 primigravidas with a singleton, uncomplicated pregnancy at 16 to 24 weeks of gestation to measure the anterior UCA and CL. All the cases were followed until labor to document gestational age at delivery.Results The risk of spontaneous preterm birth was higher in women with obtuse UCA (>95 degrees) with sensitivity of 86.7%, specificity of 93.0%, positive predictive value of 83.0%, negative predictive value of 94.6%, and p-value of <0.001. The difference between the means was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). UCAs ≥105degrees and 95 to 105 degrees were found to be significantly associated with spontaneous preterm births at <34 weeks and 34 to 37 weeks, respectively. CL <2.5 cm was found to predict spontaneous preterm births at <37 weeks with sensitivity of 31.1%, specificity of 95.6%, and p-value of <0.001. UCA was found to be a better predictor of spontaneous preterm birth with a higher coefficient of variation (56.4%) when compared with CL (16.9%).Conclusions UCA proved to be a novel ultrasound parameter that can serve as a better predictor of spontaneous preterm births in comparison to CL. A strong correlation exists between obtuse UCA and a risk of spontaneous preterm birth.
Screening for Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in Women Living with HIV in Mumbai, India - Retrospective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Cancer Center
Authors: Pimple Sharmila A. , Pahwa Vandita , Mishra Gauravi A. , Anand Kavita V. , Pathuthara Saleem , Biswas Sanjay K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of persistent human papillomavirus infection (HPV) of developing cervical cancer precursors and are, therefore, considered at higher risk for cervical cancer. Despite the higher risk, screening for cervical cancer is extremely low among HIV-positive women in India.
Objectives Given the limited usefulness of cytology-based screening programs, the current study retrospectively evaluated the comparative performance of visual inspection with 5% acetic acid (VIA), conventional cytology, and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing among HIV-positive women attending the cancer screening clinic at the tertiary cancer center.
Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of 291 HIV-positive women attending cervical cancer screening services in a tertiary cancer center in Mumbai was undertaken. All underwent simultaneous screening with VIA, Pap cytology, and HPV DNA testing, followed by diagnostic colposcopy and histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 on histology were estimated.
Results The screen positivity rate for cervical cancer screening by VIA, high-risk HPV DNA, and Pap cytology was 35.7, 34.4, and 6.2% respectively. At the CIN2+ disease threshold, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV estimates were 80.00% (59.30–93.17), 68.42% (62.46–73.96), 19.23% (15.46–23.67), 97.33% (94.30–98.77) for VIA; 80.00% (68.78–97.45), 70.68% (64.81–76.08), 22.00% (18.22–26.32), 98.43% (95.58–99.45) for HPV DNA; and 64.00% (42.52–82.03), 98.12% (95.67–99.39), 76.19% (56.13–88.89), 96.67% (94.50–98.00) for cytology (HSIL cutoff).
Conclusion The diagnostic performance of VIA and HPV DNA was comparable and better than cytology indicating that VIA as a cost-effective cervical cancer screening test can be incorporated within the services under sexually transmitted diseases /HIV testing and counseling centers within the country.
Comparison of Two Standard Treatment Approaches in Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Mohamad Issa , Abu-Hijleh Fawzi , Mayta Ebrahim , Abu-Hejleh Taher , Al-Gargaz Wisam , Al Mousa Abdellatif , Abu-Hijlih Ramiz , Hosni Ali 
Published: February 2022

Objectives To compare outcomes and toxicity of two standard treatment approaches of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
Methods Between 2010 and 2016, patients with NPC, stage II–IVa, treated with induction chemotherapy (IC) (TPF), followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) (induction group), or CCRT, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) (PF) (no-induction group), were retrospectively reviewed. CCRT included platinum-based chemotherapy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Survival outcomes, the pattern of failures, toxicity, and predictors for survival outcomes were evaluated.
Results A total of 110 patients were included, 65 in the induction group and 45 in the no-induction group. There were no significant differences in the DFS and overall survival (OS) at 3 years between the two groups. On multivariate analysis, performance status (1 vs. 0) predicted worse OS. The 3-year cumulative incidence rates for local, regional, and distant failures were 58.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.4–89%), 58.00% (95% CI: 8–88.8%), and 63.90% (95% CI: 14.1–90.2%), respectively. IC had more frequent acute grade (G) II anemia (13 vs. 1, p < 0.01), late G II brain toxicity (4 vs. 1, p < 0.01), and late G II dysphagia (32 vs. 11, p = 0.01).
Conclusions Survival outcomes were comparable between the two groups. IC had more frequent acute G II anemia and late G II brain and esophageal toxicities.
Utilization of the Caprini Score for Risk Stratification of the Arthroplasty Patient in the Prevention of Postoperative Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Krauss Eugene S. , Segal Ayal , Dengler Nancy , Cronin MaryAnne , Pettigrew Janelle , Simonson Barry G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious and predictable complication following arthroplasty. It has been recognized that a strategy utilizing individualized anticoagulation choices based on patient risk stratification results in improved patient outcomes. A 2013 version of the Caprini Risk Score has previously been validated for use in total joint arthroplasty. A Caprini score of 10 or greater assesses the patient as “high risk” while 9 or less is considered “low risk.” Patients scored as “low risk” for postoperative VTE receive enteric coated aspirin 81 mg twice a day for 6 weeks. Patients scored as “high risk” for VTE are prescribed apixaban. This retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of the thromboprophylaxis treatment prescribed based on a standardized risk assessment protocol for the calendar year 2020. Patients having total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, revision total hip arthroplasty, revision total knee arthroplasty, or bilateral arthroplasties by 13 surgeons (N = 873) were reviewed. Patients were risk assessed using the Caprini Risk Score and thromboprophylaxis was prescribed based on the score obtained. The annual rate of VTE was 0.2%. The Caprini Risk Score is an effective approach to individualize thromboprophylaxis choices after total joint arthroplasty.
Review of Extensor Mechanism Injuries in the Dislocated Knee
Authors: Okoye Munachukwudi , Wissman Abigail , Wissman Robert D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKnee dislocations, aka multiligamentous injuries, are uncommon but devastating injuries often following high-energy trauma. Tears of the major knee stabilizers are well documented; however, injuries of the knee extensor mechanism are less commonly reported. The extensor mechanism is comprised of the patella, patellar tendon, and quadriceps tendons. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality of internal derangements of the knee due to its excellent soft tissue contrast. In this article, we will discuss the normal imaging findings of the extensor mechanism and review abnormalities following knee dislocation.
Aging Affects Hemispheric Asymmetry on a Competing Speech Task
Authors: Greenwald Ralf R. , Jerger James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examined the effects of aging on the hemispheric asymmetry of event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by morphosyntactic anomalies in a competing speech paradigm. The experimental groups consisted of children, young adults, and elderly persons.The ERPs were recorded from 32 scalp sites while participants listened to a continuous narrative presented quasidichotically via loudspeakers. Participants responded when they heard an anomalous word embedded within a popular fairy tale. Anomalous words evoked a robust positivity in the 700– to 900–msec latency range in all participants. Comparison of area measures from waveforms at the lateral frontal, frontotemporal, temporal, temporoparietal, and parietal electrode sites revealed asymmetry in hemispheric positivity. In children and young adults, asymmetry peaked in the 600– to 800–msec range and favored the left hemisphere in both target-right and target-left conditions. In seniors, however, asymmetry peaked at 1100 msec, favored the left hemisphere in the target-right condition, and favored the right hemisphere in the target-left condition. These results support the concept that aging affects hemispheric asymmetry during linguistic processing.
Abbreviations : EEG = encephalographic, ERP = event-related potential, VEOG = vertical electro-oculographic activity
Paired-Comparison Hearing Aid Preferences: Evaluation of an Unforced-Choice Paradigm
Authors: Punch Jerry L. , Rakerd Brad , Amlani Amyn M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFifteen normal-hearing listeners compared nine frequency-response slopes in a round-robin paired-comparison tournament as they listened to passages of connected discourse against a competing noise background at a +3–dB signal-to-noise ratio. All participants listened in an AB paradigm, in which they were forced to choose which of two signals (A or B) produced better speech intelligibility, and an ABN paradigm, in which they were allowed a third choice of No Preference (N). For both paradigms, listeners generally preferred frequency shaping that either cut low frequencies or boosted high frequencies, and intra- and intersession reliability was high overall. Although listeners’ most-preferred responses tended to converge on the same frequency-response slope in the two paradigms, the reliability of these responses was significantly higher for ABN than for AB. The use of the ABN paired-comparison paradigm deserves further study, therefore, as a method to fit multimemory hearing aids.
Abbreviations: AB = traditional (forced-choice) paired-comparison paradigm, ABN = experimental (unforced-choice) paired-comparison paradigm, RSIR = Revised Speech Intelligibility Rating test, SIR = Speech Intelligibility Rating test, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio
Efficacy of Directional Microphone Hearing Aids: A Meta-Analytic Perspective
Authors: Amlani Amyn M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe literature suggests that directional microphone hearing aids (DMHAs) are a viable means for improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for hearing-impaired listeners. The amount of directional advantage they provide, however, remains relatively unclear because of variability observed among individual studies. The present investigation was undertaken in an attempt to establish the degree of advantage provided by DMHAs. Data were synthesized from 72 and 74 experiments, respectively, on omnidirectional hearing aids and DMHAs representing both favorable and unfavorable outcomes. Using a meta-analytic approach, 138 weighted averages were derived for a variety of comparable independent and dependent variables. Comparisons were made for hearing-impaired and normal-hearing listeners. Findings are discussed with regard to their clinical and research implications.
Abbreviations: BTE - behind the ear, Cl95 = 95 percent confidence interval, DA = directional advantage, DMHA = directional microphone hearing aid, DSP = digital signal processing, HI = hearing impaired, ITE = in the ear, NH = normal hearing, ODHA = omnidirectional microphone hearing aid, RT = reverberation time, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio.
Newborn Hearing Screens May Give a False Sense of Security
Authors: Mann Toni , Cuttler Karrie , Campbell Chanda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCertain risk factors result in a higher incidence of delayed-onset hearing loss. Ten subjects who passed auditory brainstem response birth screenings and later returned with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss are examined in this report. Although not all subjects in this report had respiratory distress, this study reveals a high correlation between mechanical ventilation and delayed-onset hearing loss.
Abbreviations: ABR = auditory brainstem response, ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, JCIH = Joint Committee on Infant Hearing, MAS = meconium aspiration syndrome, NICU = neonatal intensive care unit, OAE = otoacoustic emissions, PFC = persistent fetal circulation, PPHN = persistent hypertension of the newborn, RDS = respiratory distress syndrome