bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon photonics 2  ×  2 trench coupler design and foundry fabrication
Authors: Shahoei Hiva , Achu Ifeanyi G. , Stewart Evan J. , Tariq Unaiza , Oxford William V. , Thornton Mitchell A. , MacFarlane Duncan L. 
Published: May 2022

A

2

×

2

photonic coupler is realized at the
intersection of two

480

n
m

×

220

n
m

silicon on insulator waveguides. The
designed

2

×

2

coupler is simulated in both High
Frequency Simulator System (HFSS) and Lumerical and shows an equal
split of an input signal into transmitted and reflected signals for a
45 deg,

∼

100

n
m

S
i

O
2

filled trench. The principle of
operation of the coupler is frustrated total internal reflection.
Thus, this behavior is reasonably flat across wavelength, which is
confirmed by Lumerical simulations and by experiment. Also, it has
been shown that this coupler has a flat behavior across trench
thickness for the chosen geometry and material system, which makes it
insensitive to fabrication variation and resolution. We are interested
to make this coupler a part of silicon photonic foundry process
development kits. Therefore, fabrication is done at the AIM Photonics
Foundry to study the performance in the context of the foundry’s
design rules and process flow of the foundry. Good agreement between
theory and experiment is reported herein. A

2

×

2

trench coupler is, when operated in
the single photon or quantum regime, an integrated photonic
realization of a Hadamard gate.
Lack of impact of OCTN1 gene polymorphisms on clinical outcomes of gabapentinoids in Pakistani patients with neuropathic pain
Authors: Shaheen Abida , Alam Syed Mahboob , Azam Fahad , Saleem Salman Ahmad , Khan Moosa , Hasan Syed Saud , Liaquat Afrose 
Published: May 2022

Background and objective
Gabapentinoids are the first-line drugs for neuropathic pain. These drugs are the substrate of organic cation transporter (OCTN1) for renal excretion and absorption across the intestinal epithelium. Gabapentinoids exhibit wide interindividual variability in daily dosage and therapeutic efficacy which makes titration regimens prolonged for optimal efficacy. The present study aimed to investigate the possible influence of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of OCTN1 on therapeutic efficacy and safety of gabapentinoids in neuropathic pain patients of the Pakistani population.

Methods
Four hundred and twenty-six patients were enrolled in the study. All participants were genotyped for OCTN1 rs1050152 and rs3792876 by PCR-RFLP method and followed up for eight weeks. The therapeutic outcomes of gabapentinoids, reduction in pain score, inadequate or complete lack of response, adverse events (AEs) in responders and discontinuation of treatment on account of AEs were recorded for all patients.

Results
There was no significant association of genotypes and alleles of both SNPs on the clinical response of gabapentinoids (P ˃ 0.05). Similarly, significant differences were not found in the reduction of pain scores and AEs among different genotypes in the responders. The present study has reported the association of OCTN1 rs1050152 and rs3792876 polymorphisms with clinical outcomes of gabapentinoids for the first time in the real-world clinical setting.

Conclusion
Our results suggest a lack of influence of OCTN1 genetic variants in the determination of clinical response to gabapentinoids in patients with neuropathic pain in the Pakistani population. These findings signify the role of renal functions in predicting the interindividual variability to therapeutic responsiveness of gabapentinoids.
Using electronic health records to streamline provider recruitment for implementation science studies
Authors: Okorie Chiamaka L. , Gatsby Elise , Schroeck Florian R. , Ould Ismail A. Aziz , Lynch Kristine E. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Healthcare providers are often targeted as research participants, especially for implementation science studies evaluating provider- or system-level issues. Frequently, provider eligibility is based on both provider and patient factors. Manual chart review and self-report are common provider screening strategies but require substantial time, effort, and resources. The automated use of electronic health record (EHR) data may streamline provider identification for implementation science research. Here, we describe an approach to provider screening for a Veterans Health Administration (VHA)-funded study focused on implementing risk-aligned surveillance for bladder cancer patients.

Methods
Our goal was to identify providers at 6 pre-specified facilities who performed ≥10 surveillance cystoscopy procedures among bladder cancer patients in the 12 months prior to recruitment start on January 16, 2020, and who were currently practicing at 1 of 6 pre-specified facilities. Using VHA EHR data (using CPT, ICD10 procedure, and ICD10 diagnosis codes), we identified cystoscopy procedures performed after an initial bladder cancer diagnosis (i.e., surveillance procedures). Procedures were linked to VHA staff data to determine the provider of record, the number of cystoscopies they performed, and their current location of practice. To validate this approach, we performed a chart review of 105 procedures performed by a random sample of identified providers. The proportion of correctly identified procedures was calculated (Positive Predictive Value (PPV)), along with binomial 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Findings
We identified 1,917,856 cystoscopies performed on 703,324 patients from October 1, 1999—January 16, 2020, across the nationwide VHA. Of those procedures, 40% were done on patients who had a prior record of bladder cancer and were completed by 15,065 distinct providers. Of those, 61 performed ≥ 10 procedures and were currently practicing at 1 of the 6 facilities of interest in the 1 year prior to study recruitment. The random chart review of 7 providers found 101 of 105 procedures (PPV: 96%; 95% CI: 91% to 99%) were surveillance procedures and were performed by the selected provider on the recorded date.

Implications
These results show that EHR data can be used for accurate identification of healthcare providers as research participants when inclusion criteria consist of both patient- (temporal relationship between diagnosis and procedure) and provider-level (frequency of procedure and location of current practice) factors. As administrative codes and provider identifiers are collected in most, if not all, EHRs for billing purposes this approach can be translated from provider recruitment in VHA to other healthcare systems. Implementation studies should consider this method of screening providers.
Persistent cryoglobulinemia after antiviral treatment is associated with advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Batsaikhan Batbold , Huang Ching-I. , Yeh Ming-Lun , Huang Chung-Feng , Lin Yi-Hung , Liang Po-Cheng , Hsieh Ming-Yen , Lin Yi-Ching , Huang Jee-Fu , Chuang Wan-Long , Lee Jin-Ching , Yu Ming-Lung , Kuo Hsing-Tao , Dai Chia-Yen 
Published: May 2022

Background
High dosage and longer duration of antiviral treatment has been suggested to treat cryoglobulinemia patients. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of antiviral treatment in cryoglobulinemia patients and analyze the associated factors of persistent cryoglobulinemia.

Methods
Totally 148 patients after completion of anti-HCV treatment were enrolled in our study. Serum cryoglobulinemia precipitation was assessed and analyzed for the associated factors after antiviral therapy.

Results
Fifty-one (34.5%) out of 148 patients were positive for serum cryoglobulinemia after completion of antiviral therapy. In multivariate analysis, advanced fibrosis (Odds Ratio [OR]– 4.13, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]– 1.53–11.17, p = 0.005) and platelet counts (OR-0.98, 95% CI– 0.97–0.99, p = 0.010) were independently and significantly associated with persistent cryoglobulinemia. The factors associated with the persistent cryoglobulinemia in SVR patients were advanced fibrosis (OR-1.93, 95% CI– 1.02–3.65, p = 0.041) and platelet count (OR-0.98, 95% CI– 0.96–0.99, p = 0.041) by multivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed persistent (OR-4.83, 95% CI– 1.75–13.36, p = 0.002) was significantly associated with advanced fibrosis in patients with cryoglobulinemia follow up after antiviral therapy.

Conclusions
The prevalence of the persistent cryoglobulinemia is 34.5% after completing antiviral therapy and it is associated with advanced fibrosis, also HCV clearance.
KLASTERISASI PROVINSI DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN FAKTOR PENYEBARAN COVID-19 MENGGUNAKAN MODEL-BASED CLUSTERING t-MULTIVARIAT
Authors: Hamidah Nor , Santoso Rukun , Rusgiyono Agus 
Published: May 2022

The spread of Covid-19 had a significant impact in all sectors. Enforcement policies from the government that are appropriate with the conditions for the spread of the virus that are needed to prevent a bigger impact. Clusteritation by province based on data on the spread of Covid-19 is important for the government to set appropriate policies in order to prevent the spread of Covid-19. The data used include data on population density, testing rate, proportion of population 50 years and over, and proportion of population diligently hand-washing in each province. The data factors for the spread of Covid-19 tend to overlap and there are outliers in the data which causes the data not normally distributed. In this study, Model-Based Clustering t-multivariate was used for data clustering. The results show that using Integrated Completed Likelihood, two groups of optimal cluster were obtained. The second cluster has a higher risk of spreading Covid-19 than the first cluster. Keywords : Covid-19, Clustering, Model-Based Clustering t-Multivariat
ANALISIS SENTIMEN REVIEW APLIKASI CRYPTOCURRENCY MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA MAXIMUM ENTROPY DENGAN METODE PEMBOBOTAN TF, TF-IDF DAN BINARY
Authors: Tamardina Fadhilla Atansa , Yasin Hasbi , Ispriyanti Dwi 
Published: May 2022

Pandemi COVID-19 yang belum berhenti menyebabkan kondisi ekonomi Indonesia kian memburuk. Masyarakat yang terkena dampak pemotongan upah akibat pandemi harus mencari cara untuk mendapatkan pendapatan pasif. Salah satu cara untuk mendapatkan hal tersebut adalah berinvestasi. Cryptocurrency adalah salah satu instrumen investasi berbasis aplikasi yang memiliki return tinggi. Aplikasi Pintu adalah aplikasi pertama yang menyediakan fasilitas mobile apps pada penggunanya. Aplikasi yang dirilis pada tahun 2020 ini sudah memiliki banyak ulasan yang diberikan oleh penggunanya. Ulasan ini dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui apakah ulasan yang diberikan bersifat positif atau negatif. Analisis sentimen pada aplikasi Pintu dipilih untuk melihat sentimen pengguna yang akan dibagi menjadi dua kelas sentimen yaitu positif dan negatif. Klasifikasi dilakukan dengan algoritma Maximum Entropy dengan perbandingan metode pembobotan kata Term Frequency (TF), Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) dan Binary. Model klasifikasi terbaik dilihat berdasarkan nilai akurasi yang dievaluasi dengan 5-Fold Cross Validation. Hasil klasifikasi model Maximum Entropy dengan Binary memiliki tingkat akurasi sebesar 83,21% sedangkan hasil klasifikasi model Maximum Entropy dengan Term Frequency hanya sebesar 83,01% dan model Maximum Entropy dengan Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency hanya sebesar 83,20%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada model algoritma Maximum Entropy dengan metode pembobotan kata Term Frequency (TF), Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) dan Binary. Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Binary, Term Frequency, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, Maximum Entropy
Efeito citogenotóxico do ɑ-terpineol em células meristemáticas de Allium cepa L.
Authors: Assunção Ribeiro da Costa Rafael Everton , Nunes de Melo Carlos , Reis Camboim Luiz Fernando , Grabowski Amorim Mateus , De Sousa Rodrigues Gabriela , Brandim Marques Rosemarie , Martins Francielle Alline , De Almeida Pedro Marcos 
Published: May 2022

O ɑ-terpineol é uma molécula utilizada na indústria alimentícia como aromatizante e apresenta atividade antioxidante, antitumoral e antiulcerativa. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito citogenotóxico do ɑ-terpineol em células meristemáticas de Allium cepa. Raízes de A. cepa foram expostas ao controle negativo (Tween 80 a 1%), solvente (água destilada) e positivo (metilmetanosulfonato, 10 µg/mL) e nas concentrações nominais do ɑ-terpineol (4,25; 8,5; 17; 34 e 68 μg/mL) por 48 e 72h. O efeito tóxico foi avaliado pelo tamanho médio de 30 raízes e a citogenotoxicidade pela quantificação do índice mitótico e alterações cromossômicas em 5.000 células de A. cepa em microscópio óptico (400x). A Análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste Tukey (p < 0,05) para avaliar a toxidade e pelo teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0,05) na citogenotoxicidade. O ɑ-terpineol não apresentou efeito tóxico em A. cepa por 48 e 72h, mas foi citotóxico nas concentrações de 34 e 68 μg/mL por 48h e genotóxico nas maiores concentrações de 34 (72h) e 68 μg/mL (48h). A análise individual das alterações cromossômicas mostrou aumento significativo apenas de micronúcleos em 34 μg/mL por 72h de exposição. O ɑ-terpineol não foi tóxico, mas teve ação citogenotóxica nas maiores concentrações, com possibilidade de contaminação ambiental e riscos para a saúde humana e animal, uma vez que o composto é muito utilizado na indústria.
Analytical and clinical performance evaluation of a new high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay
Authors: Yang Shuo , Zhang Qian , Yang Boxin , Li Zijing , Sun Wenyuan , Cui Liyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To validate the analytical performance and diagnostic accuracy for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) with a new high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assay on the automated light-initiated chemiluminescent assay (LiCA®) platform.

Methods
Comprehensive analytical validations were performed, and the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) from apparently healthy individuals were established. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the assay for NSTEMI.

Results
The limit of quantitation (LoQ) were 1.9 ng/L (20% CV) and 5.1 ng/L (10% CV). The sex-specific 99th percentile URLs were 17.6 ng/L (4.2% CV) for men (age 20–79y) and 14.2 ng/L (4.9% CV) for women (age 19–89y) in serum, 14.4 ng/L (4.9% CV) for men (age 19–88y) and 12.9 ng/L (5.2% CV) for women (age 19–87y) in plasma, respectively. Detection rates in healthy individuals were from 98.7 to 99.1%. The correlation coefficient and median bias between LiCA and Architect were 0.985 and 0.1% (−2.0–2.9%) in full analytical range of serum specimens. In lower range (<100 ng/L), LiCA had an overall positive bias 6.7% (−1.6–13.3%), R=0.949. At the specific medical decision levels (15.2, 26.2 and 64.0 ng/L), assay difference was estimated to be <10%. No significant differences on AUC, sensitivity and specificity, NPV and PPV were found between LiCA and Architect for the diagnosis of NSTEMI.

Conclusions
LiCA hs-cTnI is a precise, highly sensitive and specific assay that meets the requirement of a 3rd generation (level 4) high-sensitivity method. The diagnostic accuracy of LiCA assay for NSTEMI is comparable to the established Architect hs-cTnI assay.
The Consumer Benchmark, Vulnerability, and the Contract Terms Transparency: A Plea for Reconsideration
Authors: Esposito Fabrizio , Grochowski Mateusz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Transparency counts amid the most typical and inherent elements of the current consumer protection toolbox in EU law. For a long time, the exact premises of this requirement have been understood in a standardized way, taking the concept of an average consumer as the benchmark. The case of 93/13/EEC Directive (UCTD) is particularly striking in this regard. The necessary connection between the average consumer and transparency comes almost without saying in both the CJEU case law, and in the scholarship provisions on the UCTD. However, Articles 4(2) and 5 of the UCTD merely refer to a consumer. The focus on the average consumer therefore reduces the scope of application suggested by the plain meaning of these provisions. The article takes a critical stance towards the communis opinio that there is a necessary connection between the average consumer and transparency in the UCTD. Relying on both legal and economic reasons, the paper supports a twofold claim: (1) The system of EU law requires, sometimes, to assess the transparency of a term from the perspective of vulnerable consumers. (2) This more demanding standard shall be used when the average consumers operating on the market do not offer herd protection to the vulnerable consumers. The article shows that the communis opinio rests on a faulty assumption, namely that vulnerable consumers are protected when core terms are transparent for the average consumer. The article shows that this is not the case under common circumstances. Demanding core terms to be transparent for the vulnerable consumer in those circumstances contributes to reaching a high level of consumer protection.
European Union Litigation
Authors: Esposito Fabrizio , Almeida Lucila de 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the most relevant cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between the beginning of June 2021 and the end of December 2021. Out of a total of 329 judgments decided in this period, 55 had a contract law dimension.
Deutsche Hypothekenbanken zwischen Sicherheitsdenken und Spekulationsfieber: Immobilienfinanzierung im Bauboom des späten 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Sattler Friederike 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
German mortgage banks based on stock, more frequently founded from the early 1860s, used the traditional Pfandbrief system to cope with the growing tasks of urban and housing construction. Its safety for both creditors as well as debtors of real estate financing depended not least on a clear limitation of business activities. During the building boom of the late 19th century, however, many mortgage banks undertook a massive expansion of their business and developed highly complex corporate structures, so that the well-established rules for lending on real estate were increasingly undermined. Using the examples of the “Pommern-” and the “Preußenbankgruppe”, the article explores the distortions resulting from the building boom of the late 19th century and analyses the economic, penal, and legislative means that were used to solve them. The study concludes that, due to their severity, the crisis phenomena in the real estate market of the 1890s led to a uniform regulation of mortgage banks across the Reich for the first time, which indeed achieved a sustainable stabilization of the Pfandbrief system: the price, however, was the isolation of German mortgage banking from developments in Western Europe.
Gegen Immobilienspekulation und steigende Mieten?
Authors: Grotegut Anna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on the reasons for the introduction and rapid abolition of the increment value tax on real estate in Germany between 1911 and 1913. It examines the interplay between the land reformers who campaigned for the tax and the political situation that made it possible for all parties to support an increment value tax. It highlights the fact that the tax neither fulfilled the land reform goal of combating speculation nor generated enough revenue, as was criticised. Nevertheless, the tax was exceptional because it represented the first direct financial relationship between the Empire and the municipalities. A changed political landscape made the introduction of a property tax possible, which in the eyes of many made the increment value tax redundant.
Recent discoveries in microbiota dysbiosis, cholangiocytic factors, and models for studying the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Huang Yu , Zhang Shuai , Weng Jie-Feng , Huang Di , Gu Wei-Li 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholangiopathy caused by genetic and microenvironmental changes, such as bile homeostasis disorders and microbiota dysbiosis. Therapeutic options are limited, and proven surveillance strategies are currently lacking. Clinically, PSC presents as alternating strictures and dilatations of biliary ducts, resulting in the typical “beaded” appearance seen on cholangiography. The pathogenesis of PSC is still unclear, but cholangiocytes play an essential role in disease development, wherein a reactive phenotype is caused by the secretion of neuroendocrine factors. The liver–gut axis is implicated in the pathogenesis of PSC owing to the dysbiosis of microbiota, but the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. Alterations in cholangiocyte responses and related signalling pathways during PSC progression were elucidated by recent research, providing novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarise the currently known underlying mechanisms of PSC pathogenesis caused by the dysbiosis of microbiota and newly reported information regarding cholangiocytes in PSC. We also summarise recently reported in vitro and in vivo models for studying the pathogenesis of PSC.
Analysis of pore morphology in oxide electroceramics by automatic image analysis
Authors: Schuster Alexander , Schulz Josef , Fischer Simon , Liersch Antje 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Porosity represents one of the key parameters in the characterization of ceramic materials. Pores remaining after sintering often constitute the origin of direct mechanical or dielectric material failure. Isolated and large-scale pores in the microstructure are particularly problematic; many times these are larger than the average pore diameter. Their detection poses a particular challenge for analytics. The analytical methods used for ceramic materials either detects only part of the porosity or are greatly limited in view of area measurements. Moreover, the analysis of the morphology of detected pores is hardly possible or even impossible for the majority of methods.
This research paper offers a detailed account of the qualitative analysis of porosity in oxide ceramics, with the primary focus being on possibilities for pore detection, the measured distribution functions, and the advantages of this method. This paper will show that the use of digital light microscopy together with coaxial illumination is capable of determining pore morphology and distribution in a fraction of time that would be required by conventional methods. The comparison of the measurement results, aided by well established methods for pore characterization, such as the linear intercept method (according to DIN EN ISO 13383), will enable a reliable validation of the results. Final FESEM analysis was used to enable a detailed study of the identified pores and to verify the results.
Heat Treatment Tests for Reduction of Delta Phase in Alloy 718
Authors: Neidel Andreas , Giller Madeleine , Fischer Boromir 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Large hot-rolled rings made of Alloy 718 were used as semi-finished product for turbomachinery components. Samples taken from one such ring exhibited non-uniform mechanical properties, partly below specified limits. Too high a volume fraction of delta phase in the microstructure was identified as the metallurgical root cause of failure. The case study presented in this contribution shows that such deviation from specified material properties does indeed constitute component failure, since the subject raw forging could not be used as is for fabrication of rotating equipment for gas turbine engines. To salvage the subject part and avoid having to scrap it at high cost, successful heat treatment tests were performed in the laboratory with the aim of eliminating delta phase to an extent, sufficient for property recovery. Heat treatment parameters were derived and recommended to the client. They were successfully applied before final machining and the subject hot-rolled ring was salvaged.