bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserved Neutralizing Epitopes on the N-Terminal Domain of Variant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins
Authors: Wang Zijun , Muecksch Frauke , Cho Alice , Gaebler Christian , Hoffmann Hans-Heinrich , Ramos Victor , Zong Shuai , Cipolla Melissa , Johnson Briana , Schmidt Fabian , DaSilva Justin , Bednarski Eva , Tanfous Tarek Ben , Raspe Raphael , Yao Kaihui , Lee Yu E. , Chen Teresia , Turroja Martina , Milard Katrina G. , Dizon Juan , Kaczynska Anna , Gazumyan Anna , Oliveira Thiago Y. , Rice Charles M. , Caskey Marina , Bieniasz Paul D. , Hatziioannou Theodora , Barnes Christopher O. , Nussenzweig Michel C. 
Published: February 2022

SummarySARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination produces neutralizing antibody responses that contribute to better clinical outcomes. The receptor binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike trimer (S) constitute the two major neutralizing targets for the antibody system. Neutralizing antibodies targeting the RBD bind to several different sites on this domain. In contrast, most neutralizing antibodies to NTD characterized to date bind to a single supersite, however these antibodies were obtained by methods that were not NTD specific. Here we use NTD specific probes to focus on anti-NTD memory B cells in a cohort of pre-omicron infected individuals some of which were also vaccinated. Of 275 NTD binding antibodies tested 103 neutralized at least one of three tested strains: Wuhan-Hu-1, Gamma, or PMS20, a synthetic variant which is extensively mutated in the NTD supersite. Among the 43 neutralizing antibodies that were further characterized, we found 6 complementation groups based on competition binding experiments. 58% targeted epitopes outside the NTD supersite, and 58% neutralized either Gamma or Omicron, but only 14% were broad neutralizers. Three of the broad neutralizers were characterized structurally. C1520 and C1791 recognize epitopes on opposite faces of the NTD with a distinct binding pose relative to previously described antibodies allowing for greater potency and cross-reactivity with 7 different variants including Beta, Delta, Gamma and Omicron. Antibody C1717 represents a previously uncharacterized class of NTD-directed antibodies that recognizes the viral membrane proximal side of the NTD and SD2 domain, leading to cross-neutralization of Beta, Gamma and Omicron. We conclude SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or Wuhan-Hu-1 mRNA vaccination produces a diverse collection of memory B cells that produce anti-NTD antibodies some of which can neutralize variants of concern. Rapid recruitment of these cells into the antibody secreting plasma cell compartment upon re-infection likely contributes to the relatively benign course of subsequent infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants including omicron.
Spatial Growth Rate of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Lineages in England, September 2020–December 2021
Authors: Smallman-Raynor M.R. , Cliff A.D. ,   The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper uses a robust method of spatial epidemiological analysis to assess the spatial growth rate of multiple lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in the local authority areas of England, September 2020–December 2021. Using the genomic surveillance records of the COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, the analysis identifies a substantial (7.6-fold) difference in the average rate of spatial growth of 37 sample lineages, from the slowest (Delta AY.4.3) to the fastest (Omicron BA.1). Spatial growth of the Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA) variant was found to be 2.81× faster than the Delta (B.1.617.2 and AY) variant and 3.76× faster than the Alpha (B.1.1.7 and Q) variant. In addition to AY.4.2 (a designated variant under investigation, VUI-21OCT-01), three Delta sublineages (AY.43, AY.98 and AY.120) were found to display a statistically faster rate of spatial growth than the parent lineage and would seem to merit further investigation. We suggest that the monitoring of spatial growth rates is a potentially valuable adjunct to routine assessments of the growth of emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages in a defined population.
Autism in a dish: ES cell models of autism with copy number variations reveal cell-type-specific vulnerability
Authors: Nomura Jun , Zuko Amila , Kishimoto Keiko , Mutsumine Hiroaki , Fukatsu Kazumi , Nomura Yoshiko , Liu Xiaoxi , Nakai Nobuhiro ,   ES library team, Takahashi Eiki , Kouno Tsukasa , Shin Jay W. , Takumi Toru 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYHuman genetics has identified numerous single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other psychiatric disorders. However, the lack of standardized biological resources impedes understanding of the common pathophysiology of ASD. Here, using next-generation chromosome engineering based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we established a biological resource including 65 genetically modified mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) lines as genetic models of human SNVs and CNVs. To illustrate cell-type and CNV specific molecular features of ASD, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (37,397 cells in total), morphological, and physiological analyses using 12 representative cell lines with CNVs highly associated with ASD. These results uncover gene ontology (GO) terms, canonical pathways, upstream regulators, and related neuropsychiatric disorders in a cell-type and CNV specific manner.
Research on flexible skin technique for adaptive bump inlet structure
Authors: Zhao Chang , Zhou Li , Qiu Tao 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
Adaptive bump inlet can adaptively change the shape of inlet bump surface according to the flight speed of aircraft, ensuring that the inlet has good inlet-engine match performance in a wide speed range. This paper aims to use a composite flexible skin reinforced by shape memory alloy (SMA) fiber as the deformable structure at bump surface to realize the adjustable bump surface of adaptive bump inlet.

Design/methodology/approach
According to the deformation and load-bearing requirements of adaptive bump, SMA is applied to the design of adaptive bump inlet due to its characteristic of super-elasticity. A kind of SMA fiber is studied. A composite flexible skin reinforced by SMA is proposed, and its mechanical properties are analyzed. On this basis, an adaptive bump inlet is designed in which the composite flexible skin reinforced by SMA is used as bump surface, and the shape of the bump surface is adjusted by way of pressuring. The design scheme and specific parameters of the adaptive bump are given.

Findings
An adaptive bump surface that meets the design requirements of the inlet is designed, which can effectively adjust the inlet throat area with a throat area change rate of 20%.

Originality/value
An adaptive bump inlet with composite flexible skin as a deformable structure at bump surface is designed, and SMA is applied as the reinforcing fiber.
Port logistic issues and challenges in the Industry 4.0 era for emerging economies: an India perspective
Authors: Sarkar Bishal Dey , Shankar Ravi , Kar Arpan Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Purpose In Industry 4.0 era, many existing port logistics systems are inconsistent, old and ineffective and it restricts the effective operations of port logistics. The study aims to understand the issues faced by the players/actors of port logistics in the Industry 4.0 era for emerging economies and to develop a conceptual framework for managing the port logistics issues associated with it and by providing their possible solutions.Design/methodology/approach The study is divided into two parts, first part deals with identifying the major port logistics issues in Industry 4.0 era for emerging economies. It is achieved by conducting a semi-structured interview during the field visit to one of the major container handling ports in India. Second, the study adopts Soft System Methodology (SSM) to understand the issues and challenges faced by various actors of port logistics in the Industry 4.0 era and uses CATWOE analysis to identify the root causes.Findings Issues related to loading/unloading, transit, storage (warehouse), customs clearance, regulatory authorities, port management unit and inland transport connection providers are considered in the study and using SSM a final implementable model has been developed. This study focuses on analyzing and understanding the complete communication and organization structure of the port logistics system. The study identifies the major issues, various inefficiencies and root causes faced by various actors of port logistics during information sharing, cargo movement, the arrangement of the cargo shipments, etc. Further, the study develops a final implementable model by combining the delivery system, criteria system and Industry 4.0-enabled system.Research limitations/implications The study enables concerned authorities like state government, central government and policymakers to have a profound understanding of the issues faced by the actors of the port logistics system. The study brings out valuable insights that help managers and stakeholders to make informed decisions for managing the port logistics issues and develop necessary policies aimed to deliver the cargoes in right place at right time. The current study also has some limitations because of sensitivity associated with concerned areas, due to its confidentiality, lack of availability of complete data and the nonsharing attitude of respondents. Further, the study was conducted only for private container shipping terminals and public container terminals were not included.Originality/value This research analyzes the port logistics sector as a whole system through SSM to identify issues and challenges faced by various actors of port logistics for emerging economies in the Industry 4.0 era. The study develops a comprehensive and integrated framework for reducing the unpredictability of costs and time for key processes. Further, the framework creates a transparent platform and helps in bringing standardization to ports.
Impact of ESG disclosure and financial reporting quality on investment efficiency
Authors: Ellili Nejla Ould Daoud 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impacts of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure and financial reporting quality (FRQ) on investment efficiency.Design/methodology/approachSeveral econometric models have been applied to estimate the impacts of ESG disclosure and FRQ on investment efficiency, using the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as a sample in 2010–2019. Estimations considered subsamples of underinvestment, overinvestment and low and high FRQ values.FindingsEmpirical results show a positive relationship between ESG disclosure, FRQ and investment efficiency, and that this relationship is more important in the underinvestment and high FRQ sub-samples. Results suggest that ESG disclosure improves transparency, mitigates information asymmetry and enhances investment efficiency.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings could help UAE regulators incorporate ESG information into reporting and implement effective mechanisms to increase the extent of ESG information to improve investment efficiency. This study only examined UAE traded companies. Future research should investigate other factors influencing investment efficiency and conduct comparative studies across Gulf Cooperation Council countries.Social implicationsThis study reveals the significant positive impact of ESG disclosure and FRQ on investment efficiency. These findings will help companies optimize their ESG information disclosure, improve the quality of their financial reports and comply with ESG standards. The study aims to develop knowledge that will not only benefit companies regarding the potential impact of ESG disclosure but also help national and international society create a better social environment and reduce climate change.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the relationship between ESG disclosure, FRQ and corporate investment efficiency. The research contributes to understanding the financial impacts of ESG disclosure and FRQ and supports regulators’ efforts to enforce ESG disclosure and improve FRQ.
The gold standard: developing a maturity model to assess collaborative scheduling
Authors: Scala Natalie M. , Liu Min , Alves Thais da Costa Lago , Schiavone Vincent , Hawkins Dominique 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe overall contribution of this work is to provide a usable maturity model for collaborative scheduling (CS) that extends the literature, identifies inconsistencies in schedule development, and improves collaboration in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachVia subject matter expert elicitation and focus groups, the maturity model establishes five pillars of collaboration—scheduling significance, planners and schedulers, scheduling representation, goal alignment with owner, and communication. The maturity model is then validated through iterative feedback and chi-squared statistical analysis of data obtained from a survey. The five pillars are tied to the literature and previous work in CS.FindingsThe analysis shows that current industry projects are not consistent in collaboration practice implementation, and the maturity model identifies areas for collaboration improvement. The study's contributions to the body of knowledge are (1) developing a maturity model-based approach to define and measure the current level of collaboration and (2) discovering the level of consistency in scheduling collaboration practice implementation.Practical implicationsThe findings provide a benchmark for self-evaluation and peer-to-peer comparison for project managers. The model is also useful for project managers to develop effective strategies for improvement on targeted dimensions and metrics.Originality/valueThe construction engineering and management (CEM) literature does not contain targeted models for scheduling collaboration in the context of maturity and, broadly speaking, neither does the literature at large. The literature also lacks actionable items as presented for the maturity model for collaborative scheduling (MMCS).
Analysis of heat and mass transport characteristics in microchannel reactors with non-uniform catalyst distributions for hydrogen production
Authors: Li Shian , Yang Zhi , Liu Yihui , Shen Qiuwan , Yang Guogang , Sunden Bengt Ake 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the heat and mass transport characteristics in microchannel reactors with non-uniform catalyst distributions.Design/methodology/approachA two-dimensional model is developed to study the heat and mass transport characteristics in microchannel reactors. The heat and mass transport processes in the microchannel reactors with non-uniform catalyst distribution in the catalytic combustion channel are also studied.FindingsThe simulated results are compared in terms of the distributions of species mole fraction, temperature and reaction rate for the conventional and new designed reactors. It is found that the chemical reaction, heat and mass transport processes are significantly affected and the maximum temperature in the reactor is also greatly reduced when a non-uniform catalyst distribution is applied in the combustion catalyst layer.Practical implicationsThis study can improve the understanding of the transportation characteristics in microchannel reactors with non-uniform catalyst distributions and provide guidance for the design of microchannel reactors.Originality/valueThe design of microchannel reactors with non-uniform catalyst distributions can be used in methane steam reforming to reduce the maximum temperature inside the reactor.
Safe-haven investments against stock returns in Pakistan: a role of real estate, gold, oil and US dollar
Authors: Imran Zulfiqar Ali , Ahad Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
This study aims to compare the safe-haven properties of different asset markets such as gold, dollar, oil and disaggregated real estate sector (house, plot and residential) against equity returns in Pakistan over the monthly period of January 2011–December 2020.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use wavelet coherence to encapsulate the overall dependence and correlation of asset classes. Further, the authors also study the potential of diversification at the tail of returns distribution by applying the wavelet value-at-risk (VaR) framework.

Findings
The results of wavelet coherence show that the dependence is weaker (stronger) in the short (long)-term investment horizon. Moreover, the findings of wavelet VaR reveal that the degree of co-movement between gold and equity returns greatly affects the portfolio risk followed by residential property and oil.

Practical implications
The findings are beneficial for the individual investor, fund managers and financial advisors looking for the optimal portfolio combination that hedges the excessive negative movements in equity returns subject to the heterogeneity in the investment horizon.

Originality/value
This is a primary effort to estimate safe-haven investments opportunities at a large spectrum, including disaggregated real estate sector against stock returns in Pakistan. Moreover, this study uses wavelet coherence and wavelet VaR which have an advantage over traditional analysis for diversification.
A fuzzy Bayesian network-based approach for modeling and analyzing factors causing process variability
Authors: Kar Anwesa , Sharma Garima , Rai Rajiv Nandan 
Published: February 2022

PurposeIn order to minimize the impact of variability on performance of the process, proper understanding of factors interdependencies and their impact on process variability (PV) is required. However, with insufficient/incomplete numerical data, it is not possible to carry out in-depth process analysis. This paper presents a qualitative framework for analyzing factors causing PV and estimating their influence on overall performance of the process.Design/methodology/approachFuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used to evaluate the weight of each factor and Bayesian network (BN) is utilized to address the uncertainty and conditional dependencies among factors in each step of the process. The weighted values are fed into the BN for evaluating the impact of each factor to the process. A three axiom-based approach is utilized to partially validate the proposed model.FindingsA case study is conducted on fused filament fabrication (FFF) process in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique. The result analysis indicates that the proposed model can determine the contribution of each factor and identify the critical factor causing variability in the FFF process. It can also helps in estimating the sigma level, one of the crucial performance measures of a process.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed methodology is aimed to predict the process quality qualitatively due to limited historical quantitative data. Hence, the quality metric is required to be updated with the help of empirical/field data of PV over a period of operational time. Since the proposed method is based on qualitative analysis framework, the subjectivities of judgments in estimating factor weights are involved. Though a fuzzy-based approach has been used in this paper to minimize such subjectivity, however more advanced MCDM techniques can be developed for factor weight evaluation.Practical implicationsAs the proposed methodology uses qualitative data for analysis, it is extremely beneficial while dealing with the issue of scarcity of experimental data.Social implicationsThe prediction of the process quality and understanding of difference between product target and achieved reliability before the product fabrication will help the process designer in correcting/modifying the processes in advance hence preventing substantial amount of losses that may happen due to rework and scraping of the products at a later stage.Originality/valueThis qualitative analysis will deal with the issue of data unavailability across the industry. It will help the process designer in identifying root cause of the PV problem and improving performance of the process.
Sustainable development competencies and student-centered teaching strategies in higher education institutions: the role of professors as gatekeepers
Authors: Rögele Stefan , Rilling Benedikt , Apfel Dorothee , Fuchs Johannes 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the role of professors as gatekeepers for sustainable development competencies (SDC) in disciplinary study programs. It aims to understand which factors are crucial for professors to integrate SDC into their teaching, their basic understanding of SDC, the actual degree of SDC integration and how suitable they perceive student-centered teaching strategies for teaching SDC.

Design/methodology/approach
The results are based on the qualitative content analysis of interviews with 16 professors after they participated in a didactic training program focused on combining student-centered teaching strategies with SDC.

Findings
Psychological factors, like the attribution of responsibility, value orientations and cost-benefit considerations, are not the only reasons for integrating SDC into a course, as disciplinary requirements play their role. When teaching SDC, professors focus on systems-thinking, strategic and normative competencies. They consider student-centered teaching strategies especially suitable to teach systems-thinking and interpersonal competencies.

Social implications
Promoting changes toward teaching SDC may best be done by supporting professors’ intrinsic motivations: by fulfilling the need for growth in teaching skills, activating values and creating an environment in which everybody feels responsible for teaching SDC.

Originality/value
Teaching SDC with student-centered teaching strategies is relevant even in study programs that show little relation to sustainability issues. professors are experts in their field, but not necessarily in the field of sustainability. Understanding how such professors might include sustainable development competency development in their syllabi can widen the influence of SDC on higher education.
Analysis of elliptical dam bearing lubricated with micropolar fluid
Authors: Sharma Sanyam , Krishna Chimata Murali , Singh Rajesh 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate the theoretical performance of elliptical dam bearing (EDB). The objective of this paper is to study the influence of eccentricity ratio, dam parameters and micropolarity parameters on the stability of EDB with respect to micropolar lubrication.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the modified Reynolds’ equation for dynamic state is solved using the finite element method and Galerkin technique. A MATLAB code is written to compute pressure and stability and also to analyse the characteristics. The stability parameters of an EDB are computed for selected values of eccentricity ratios at four levels in the range of 0.20 to 0.35 and for length-diameter ratio of 2.0.

Findings
The results from stability analysis reveal that micropolar lubricated EDB provides better stability at smaller material length due to increased effective viscosity. Hence, it is better to select the smaller characteristic length and higher dam width to achieve optimum performance of these bearings.

Originality/value
Very few researchers investigated the effects of working eccentricity, bearing dam and micropolar fluid parameters on the EDB in the past. It is important to study these aspects for optimum performance of bearings.