bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Military Culture and Institutional Trust: Evidence from Conscription Reforms in Europe
Authors: Bove Vincenzo , Di Leo Riccardo , Giani Marco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDoes military conscription reduce the distance between the ordinary citizen and the state? Decades after its abolition, numerous European policy makers from across the political spectrum advocate the reintroduction of conscription to foster civic virtues, despite a lack of empirical evidence in this respect. Leveraging quasi‐random variation in conscription reforms across 15 European countries, we find that cohorts of men drafted just before its abolition display significantly and substantially lower institutional trust than cohorts of men who were just exempted. At the same time, ending conscription had no effect on institutional trust among women from comparable cohorts. Results are neither driven by more favorable attitudes toward the government, nor by educational choices. Instead, this civil–military gap unfolds through the formation of a homogeneous community with uniform values. We argue that reintroducing a compulsory military service may not produce the effects anticipated by its advocates.
Specific IgE against the house dust mite allergens Der p 5, 20 and 21 influences the phenotype and severity of atopic diseases
Authors: Walsemann Theresa , Böttger Marisa , Traidl Stephan , Schwager Christian , Gülsen Askin , Freimooser Sina , Roesner Lennart Matthias , Werfel Thomas , Jappe Uta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHouse dust mites (HDM) are among the most important sources for airborne allergens with high relevance for atopic diseases. Routine tests contain only 4 of 32 registered allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Clinical relevance and pathomechanistic properties of many allergens are not well understood.ObjectiveThe association of several HDM allergens with allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and atopic dermatitis was investigated to identify allergens with biomarker potential and to transfer them into diagnostics.MethodsEight out of nine D. pteronyssinus allergens (nDer p 1, rDer p 2, rDer p 5, rDer p 7, rDer p 10, rDer p 13, rDer p 20, rDer p 21, rDer p 23) were recombinantly expressed and purified. Sensitization patterns of 384 HDM‐allergic individuals exhibiting different clinical phenotypes were analyzed with a serum‐saving multiplex array.ResultsSensitization to more than three mite allergens (sensitization count) was associated with allergic asthma and/or atopic dermatitis. Reactions to Der p 5 and Der p 21 were more frequent in allergic asthma compared to allergic rhinitis. Atopic dermatitis patients were more often sensitized to Der p 5, Der p 20, and Der p 21 among others. Der p 20‐IgE > 80 kU/L was associated with severe atopic dermatitis in 75% of patients.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the clinical importance of the sensitization count and of certain allergens (Der p 5, Der p 20, and Der p 21) not available for routine diagnostics yet. Implementing them as well as the sensitization count in diagnostic measures will improve diagnosis and risk assessment of HDM‐allergic patients.
Causal relationships between birth weight, childhood obesity and age at menarche: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Lianke , Xu Fei , Zhang Qiang , Chen Jiajun , Zhou Qianyu , Sun Changqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesObservational studies suggest birth weight and childhood obesity are closely associated with age at menarche. However, the relationships between them are currently inconsistent and it remains elusive whether such associations are causal. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate whether there existed causal relationships between birth weight, childhood obesity and age at menarche.Design, Patients and MeasurementsA two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. The standard inverse variance weighted MR analyses were adopted to evaluate the causal effects of birth weight (n = 143,677), childhood body mass index (BMI) (n = 39,620) on age at menarche (n = 182,416) with summary statistics from large‐scale genome‐wide association studies (GWASs). Meanwhile, we validated our MR results with some sensitivity analyses including maximum likelihood, weighted‐median and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier methods.ResultsThe present study showed that each one standard deviation (1‐SD) lower birth weight was predicted to result in a 0.1479 years earlier of age at menarche (β = .1479, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.0422–0.2535; p = 0.0061). We also found that genetically predicted 1‐SD increase in childhood BMI was causally associated with early age at menarche (β = −.3966, 95% CI = −0.5294 to −0.2639; p = 4.73E−09).ConclusionsOur MR study suggests the causal effect of lower birth weight and higher childhood BMI on the increased risk of earlier menarche. It may be the opportune time to carry out weight control intervention in prenatal and early childhood development periods to prevent early menarche onset, thus decreasing the future adverse consequences.
The impact of cone beam computer tomography field of view on the precision of digital intra‐oral scan registration for static computer‐assisted implant surgery: A CBCT analysis
Authors: Hamilton Adam , Singh Ashi , Friedland Bernard , Jamjoom Faris Z. , Griseto Neil , Gallucci German O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesRegistration of intra‐oral surface scans to cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) is critical in the digital workflow for static computer‐aided implant surgery (sCAIS). This study aimed to assess the impact of CBCT field of view (FoV) on the precision of digital intra‐oral scan registration.Materials and MethodsCone beam computer tomography data and intra‐oral scans from 20 patients were included. Small FoV CBCT's were created by digitally segmenting a large FoV into three sextants. Virtual implant planning was performed. Digital intra‐oral scans were repeatedly registered onto their corresponding large and small FoV CBCT datasets. The distances and angulations between the matching implant positions of each repeated registration were used to determine the precision of the registration process. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Paired Tests were used to compare the differences between large FoV and small FoV. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p = .05.ResultsDifferences in 3D implant position based on the registration precision between small FoV and large FoV present at both the implant entry point (0.37 ± 0.25 mm vs 0.35 ± 0.23 mm, p = .482) and implant tip (0.49 ± 0.34 mm vs 0.37 ± 0.24 mm, p < .001). Differences in overall angular precision were observed between small FOV and large FoV (1.43 ± 1.36° vs 0.51 ± 0.38°, p < .001).ConclusionCBCT with a small FoV is accompanied by greater precision errors in intra‐oral scan registration. However, when sufficient well‐distributed teeth are visible in small FoV CBCT, the precision of digital intra‐oral scan registration appears to be within clinically acceptable limits for sCAIS.
Is the Mind Inherently Predicting? Exploring Forward and Backward Looking in Language Processing
Authors: Onnis Luca , Lim Alfred , Cheung Shirley , Huettig Falk 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrediction is one characteristic of the human mind. But what does it mean to say the mind is a “prediction machine” and inherently forward looking as is frequently claimed? In natural languages, many contexts are not easily predictable in a forward fashion. In English, for example, many frequent verbs do not carry unique meaning on their own but instead, rely on another word or words that follow them to become meaningful. Upon reading take a the processor often cannot easily predict walk as the next word. But the system can “look back” and integrate walk more easily when it follows take a (e.g., as opposed to *make|get|have a walk). In the present paper, we provide further evidence for the importance of both forward and backward‐looking in language processing. In two self‐paced reading tasks and an eye‐tracking reading task, we found evidence that adult English native speakers’ sensitivity to word forward and backward conditional probability significantly predicted reading times over and above psycholinguistic predictors of reading latencies. We conclude that both forward and backward‐looking (prediction and integration) appear to be important characteristics of language processing. Our results thus suggest that it makes just as much sense to call the mind an “integration machine” which is inherently backward ‘looking.’
Epileptic spasms: A South African overview of aetiologies, interventions, and outcomes
Authors: Raga Sharika V. , Essajee Farida , Solomons Regan , Van Toorn Ronald , Wilmshurst Jo M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo better understand the aetiologies of epileptic spasms in infants, as well as the safety and efficacy of high dose corticosteroids in tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) endemic resource‐limited settings.MethodThis was a retrospective analysis of infants with epileptic spasms managed at the tertiary referral centres in the Western Cape, South Africa.ResultsOf 175 children with epileptic spasms, the median age at onset was 6 months (interquartile range 4–8 months). Structural aetiologies were most common (115 out of 175 [66%]), with two‐thirds related to perinatal insults. A lead time to treatment (LTTT) of less than 1 month was more likely in the epileptic encephalopathy/developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) group: 58 out of 92 (63%), compared to 28 out of 76 (37%) of those with developmental encephalopathy (p = 0.001). Failure to recognize preceding developmental delay was common. Ninety‐nine children (57%) received first line hormonal therapy such as adrenocorticotropic hormone. A total of 111 out of 172 children (65%) from the developmental encephalopathy and epileptic encephalopathy/DEE groups had clinical and/or electroencephalogram resolution of spasms within 14 days. In our population, children in whom an aetiology could not be identified were statistically more likely to have moderate to profound developmental delay at 1 year of age: 33 out of 44 (p = 0.001). Based on reported incidence of epileptic spasms, 23 to 58 cases per annum would be expected but a far smaller proportion presented to our centres.InterpretationWhilst this is the largest cohort of infants with epileptic spasms from sub‐Saharan Africa, the study size is less than expected; this may reflect misdiagnosis and failure of referral pathways. Despite a reported shorter LTTT, infants with DEE had worse developmental outcomes compared to international studies. Hormonal therapy was safe and effective in our setting, despite exposure to high levels of tuberculosis and HIV.What this paper adds

The number of unreferred cases of epileptic spasms in South Africa remains high.
Caregivers and health care workers in primary care facilities often fail to recognize developmental delay.
The burden of disease from hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy remains high in our resource‐limited setting.
Hormonal treatment (e.g. adrenocorticotropic hormone) was safe and effective despite the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis.
Clinicopathological features of cytokeratin 5‐positive pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Terada K , Yoshizawa A , Sumiyoshi S , Rokutan‐Kurata M , Nakajima N , Hamaji M , Sonobe M , Menju T , Date H , Haga H 
Published: October 2022

Cytokeratin 5 (CK5) is a marker for pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma; however, CK5 is sometimes present in pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC), and there is insufficient information regarding the clinicopathological features of CK5‐positive ADC. We aimed to explore the clinicopathological characteristics of CK5‐positive ADC using immunohistochemistry. We prepared the following two cohorts: a resected cohort containing 220 resected tumours for primarily studying the detailed morphological characteristics, and a tissue microarray (TMA) cohort containing 337 samples for investigating the associations of CK5 expression with other protein expressions, genetic and prognostic findings. CK5‐positive ADC was defined to have ≥ 10% tumour cells and presence of CK5‐positive tumour cells in the resected and TMA cohorts, respectively. CK5‐positive ADCs were identified in 91 (16.3%) patients in the combined cohort. CK5‐positive ADCs had male predominance (P = 0.012), smoking history (P = 0.001), higher stage (P < 0.001), histological high‐grade components (P < 0.001), vascular invasion (P < 0.001), mucinous differentiation (P < 0.001), spread through airspaces (P < 0.001), EGFR wild‐type (P < 0.001), KRAS mutations (P < 0.001), ALK rearrangement (P < 0.001) and ROS1 rearrangement (P = 0.002). In the resected cohort, more than half the CK5‐positive ADCs (19 cases, 65.5%) showed mucinous differentiation; the remaining cases harboured high‐grade components. In the TMA cohort, CK5‐positive ADCs correlated with TTF‐1 negativity (P = 0.002) and MUC5B, MUC5AC and HNF4alpha positivity (P < 0.001, 0.048, < 0.001). Further, CK5‐positive ADCs had significantly lower disease‐free and overall survival rates than CK5‐negative ADCs (P < 0.001 for each). Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed that CK5 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor. CK5‐positive ADCs showed aggressive clinical behaviour, with high‐grade morphology and mucinous differentiation.
Wnt/β‐catenin plays a dual function in calcium hydroxide induced proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in vitro human dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Liu Yu , Liu Nan , Na Jing , Li Chiyu , Yue Gan , Fan Yubo , Zheng Lisha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimCalcium hydroxide is the gold standard material for pulp capping and has been widely used in clinical dentistry. Calcium hydroxide promotes proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. Our study investigated the role of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in calcium hydroxide‐induced proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human DPSCs.MethodologyProtein and gene expression was detected by western blot (WB), immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). Cell viability was analysed using the Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. Wound‐healing assay was used to analyse cell migration. The expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was detected using ALP staining. Mineralization was analysed by alizarin red staining.ResultsCalcium hydroxide increased the protein expression of phosphorylated‐GSK3β/GSK3β, β‐catenin and the gene expression of LEF‐1. Inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin abolished calcium hydroxide‐induced proliferation and migration of DPSCs in 24 h. However, incubation with calcium hydroxide for 7 days and 14 days reduced Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin promoted calcium hydroxide‐induced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in DPSCs.ConclusionWnt/β‐catenin pathway plays a dual role in calcium hydroxide‐regulated DPSC behaviour. Incubation with calcium hydroxide promoted rapid proliferation and migration of DPSCs, while prolonged incubation negatively regulated osteogenic differentiation and mineralization.
Study of alumina ceramic parts fabricated via DLP stereolithography using powders with different sizes and morphologies
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Zhou Shixiang , Wu Jianfeng , Liu Shaoheng , Ma Sitong , Cheng Tiantian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSelecting suitable ceramic powders for the preparation of UV‐curable ceramic suspensions, which are well suited for printing processes and production of high‐performance ceramic components, is a crucial factor in the practical industrial application of digital light processing (DLP) stereolithography. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of alumina ceramic parts fabricated via DLP stereolithography using a variety of alumina powders with varying sizes and morphologies. Experiments were conducted to examine the rheological response, recoating performance, and curing behavior of UV‐curable alumina suspensions. Additionally, the thermal decomposition behavior of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed green‐bodies, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of 3D‐printed sintered alumina components were thoroughly investigated. The best physical and mechanical performances were achieved by printing 55 vol% suspensions prepared using near‐spherical AA04 alumina powders (median diameter .4 μm). This study elucidates the effects of ceramic particle size and morphology on the entire technological process of DLP‐based ceramic stereolithography, thereby establishing the guidelines for the fabrication of high‐performance 3D‐printed ceramic objects in industrial and engineering production by selecting appropriate ceramic powders.
“We have nothing to hide”: Legitimacy narratives, researcher positionality and the ethics of accessing the Dutch deportation apparatus
Authors: Cleton Laura 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article presents a reflection on the contentious access negotiations involved in researching the Dutch deportation apparatus. Previous studies described how hostility towards researchers and the opacity within migration control regimes more generally lead to difficulties for conducting academic research. This article instead relies on a self‐reflexive account of two successful access negotiations to question what acquiring access tells us about the workings of migration control, and what consequences entering into a relationship with powerful actors has for academic knowledge production. I argue that granting access as such serves an important function for the deportation apparatus, as it helps to legitimise state power and assert their moral authority. By selectively facilitating access and enabling scrutiny by researchers, journalists and the wider public, I argue that the deportation apparatus strategically performs transparency and “voluntary accountability.”
The effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on infant development and maternal mental health in the first 2 years of life
Authors: Sperber Jessica F. , Hart Emma R. , Troller‐Renfree Sonya V. , Watts Tyler W. , Noble Kimberly G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigated how exogenous variation in exposure to the COVID‐19 pandemic during the first year of life is related to infant development, maternal mental health, and perceived stress. Ninety‐three socioeconomically diverse pregnant women were recruited before the pandemic to participate in a longitudinal study. Infants ranged in age at the beginning of lockdown (0–9.5 months old), thus experiencing different durations of pandemic exposure across the first year of life. The duration of pandemic exposure was not associated with family demographic characteristics, suggesting it captured exogenous variability. We tested associations between this exogenous variation in pandemic exposure and child and family outcomes. We also examined whether mother‐reported disruptive life events were correlated with child and family outcomes. We found no association between duration of pandemic exposure in the first year of life and infant socioemotional problems, infant language development, or maternal mental health and perceived stress symptoms, at 12 or 24 months. However, we found that self‐reported exposure to pandemic‐related disruptive life events predicted greater maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress at 12 months, and greater depression and anxiety at 24 months. Socioeconomic status did not moderate these associations. These findings suggest cautious optimism for infants raised during this period.
Genomic prediction for meat and carcass traits in Nellore cattle using a Markov blanket algorithm
Authors: Lopes Fernando Brito , Baldi Fernando , Brunes Ludmilla Costa , Oliveira e Costa Marcos Fernando , da Costa Eifert Eduardo , Rosa Guilherme Jordão Magalhães , Lobo Raysildo Barbosa , Magnabosco Cláudio Ulhoa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study was carried out to evaluate the advantage of preselecting SNP markers using Markov blanket algorithm regarding the accuracy of genomic prediction for carcass and meat quality traits in Nellore cattle. This study considered 3675, 3680, 3660 and 524 records of rib eye area (REA), back fat thickness (BF), rump fat (RF), and Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF), respectively, from the Nellore Brazil Breeding Program. The animals have been genotyped using low‐density SNP panel (30 k), and subsequently imputed for arrays with 777 k SNPs. Four Bayesian specifications of genomic regression models, namely Bayes A, Bayes B, Bayes Cπ and Bayesian Ridge Regression methods were compared in terms of prediction accuracy using a five folds cross‐validation. Prediction accuracy for REA, BF and RF was all similar using the Bayesian Alphabet models, ranging from 0.75 to 0.95. For WBSF, the predictive ability was higher using Bayes B (0.47) than other methods (0.39 to 0.42). Although the prediction accuracies using Markov blanket of SNP markers were lower than those using all SNPs, for WBSF the relative gain was lower than 13%. With a subset of informative SNPs markers, identified using Markov blanket, probably, is possible to capture a large proportion of the genetic variance for WBSF. The development of low‐density and customized arrays using Markov blanket might be cost‐effective to perform a genomic selection for this trait, increasing the number of evaluated animals, improving the management decisions based on genomic information and applying genomic selection on a large scale.
Prevalence and predictors of clinical inertia in patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with a single oral antidiabetic drug
Authors: Suzuki Ryo , Kazumori Kiyoyasu , Usui Tatsuya , Shinohara Masahiko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionClinical inertia, defined as a failure of healthcare providers to initiate or intensify treatment when indicated, is one of the challenges in achieving glycemic targets in type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsUsing a Japanese medical database compiled from Diagnostic Procedure Combination hospitals, this retrospective study investigated clinical inertia in type 2 diabetes patients treated with a single oral antidiabetic drug. We analyzed predictors of clinical inertia, measured the time to treatment intensification, and monitored patients' glycemic control and renal function for 2 years. The index date was defined as the first date of hemoglobin A1c ≥7.0% during the 180 (±60) days after the first oral antidiabetic drug was prescribed.ResultsClinical inertia was identified in 35.3% of patients. The median time to treatment intensification from the index date was 75.5 days. The proportion of patients achieving hemoglobin A1c <7.0% within 2 years was 33.8% with clinical inertia, and 47.9% without clinical inertia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Charlson Comorbidity Index score and an interval between visits of ≥6 weeks significantly increased the risk of developing clinical inertia, and hyperlipidemia and higher hemoglobin A1c at baseline significantly decreased the risk.ConclusionsThis study showed that clinical inertia in type 2 diabetes patients treated with a single oral antidiabetic drug might have a lasting effect on long‐term glycemic control. Our findings will inform clinicians of the characteristics of patients associated with clinical inertia and the importance of providing appropriate treatment under clinical practice guidelines.