bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term grassland restoration exerts stronger impacts on the vertical distribution of labile over recalcitrant organic carbon fractions in Mollisols
Authors: Hao Xiangxiang , Han Xiao‐Zeng , Li Na , Lei Wanying , Chen Xu , Xing Baoshan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLand use change influences soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution in soil matrix. Conversion of cropland to grassland or forestland has the potential to sequester more carbon and influence the carbon allocation. Soil carbon sequestration happens within different physical and chemical fractions. This study aimed to investigate the vertical distribution of SOC fractions under 29‐yr of cropland, grassland, and forestland of a typical Mollisol and to derive specific factors for SOC fraction changes associated with land use conversion. Soil samples within 100 cm soil depth were fractionated by density and humic methods. Biomass of litter residues and plant roots were also measured. Together with plant root biomass, the contents of total SOC and organic carbon (OC) fractions decreased along soil profile under three land uses. At each soil depth, total SOC and OC fractions followed the same order of grassland > forestland > cropland except for higher OC contents in heavy fraction, fulvic acid, and humin in cropland than those in forestland at the 0–10 cm layer. Compared with forestland and cropland, 29‐yr grassland exerted stronger effects on the profile distribution of labile OC (water‐soluble and light OC fractions) than recalcitrant OC (humic and heavy fractions), significances were observed at 0–80 cm layers for the labile OC and at 0–40 cm layers for the recalcitrant OC (P< .05). Larger root biomass and better soil structure in grassland might facilitate such changes. Grassland restoration, with greater C sequestration potential and larger liable OC contents, may help improve soil quality better than forestland and cropland in this Mollisol region.
Assessing beam shear behavior with distributed longitudinal strains
Authors: Poldon Jack J. , Bentz Evan C. , Hoult Neil A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe demand on the longitudinal reinforcement due to shear has been traditionally based on statics but has rarely been measured. Empirical assumptions needed for the concrete stiffness and the variability of reinforcement strain due to cracking and disturbed regions complicate these measurements, and make the use of conventional strain gauges impractical. This paper investigates the use of distributed measurements from a large reinforced concrete beam test to study the effects of disturbed regions, forces at a crack, shrinkage, and the in situ modulus of elasticity of concrete. The increased demand due to shear on the longitudinal reinforcement was observed, and the Canadian code was shown to provide an accurate upper bound to the measured strain at service loads. The measured longitudinal strains were also used to estimate the average angle of principal compressive stress, and it was observed to decrease with applied load, reaching values as low as 14° near failure.
Prediction and uncertainty quantification of compressive strength of high‐strength concrete using optimized machine learning algorithms
Authors: Han Bing , Wu Yanqi , Liu Lulu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCompressive strength is considered to be one of the most important mechanical properties of high‐strength concrete (HSC). In this study, three machine learning models, ELM, PSO‐ANN, and GS‐SVR were employed to predict the compressive strength of HSC using 681 data records. The five ingredients and the compressive strength of HSC were regarded as input variable features and output target, respectively. Results indicated that the GS‐SVR model showed the best performance in forecasting with theRof 0.992, MAPE of 0.016, RMSE of 1.241, MAE of 0.842, and RRMSE of 0.024, which could be an alternative candidate for strength prediction. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed within the GS‐SVR model to achieve an in‐depth examination of the effect of each single input variable on the compressive strength. The sensitivity of input variables demonstrated that the water is the most sensitive parameter to the compressive strength of HSC, while the superplasticizer is less sensitive. The research of this paper can provide reference and guidance for concrete design and construction.
On modeling of stress‐induced diffusion within micropolar and classical approaches
Authors: Frolova Ksenia P. , Vilchevskaya Elena N. , Bessonov Nikolay M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe paper continues and summarizes our previous investigation on a description of the local increase of hydrogen in the vicinity of the border of a metal specimen after hydrogenation. The local increase is observed after artificial saturation of metal specimens and after operation of metal details in corrosive environments. It can worsen significantly the material properties and its behavior at the macro‐level. A stress‐induced diffusion process in a cylinder is modeled. The paper accounts for the inner stresses and strains by means of chemical potential and by means of the dependence of the diffusion coefficient on elastic strain energy. The stress–strain state is determined within the micropolar theory of elasticity, the results are compared with the ones obtained within the classical theory. Nonuniform fields of stresses and strains result in a nonuniform distribution of hydrogen. Accounting for the couple stress interactions between continuum particles results in a faster saturation of the boundary layer with hydrogen.
Cosmology and signals of light pseudo-Dirac dark matter
Authors: González Mariana Carrillo , Toro Natalia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the cosmological evolution, allowed parameter space, and observational prospects for a dark sector consisting of thermally produced pseudo-Dirac fermions with a small mass splitting, coupled to the Standard Model through a dark photon. This scenario is particularly notable in the context of sub-GeV dark matter, where the mass-off-diagonal leading interaction limits applicability of both CMB energy injection constraints and standard direct detection searches. We present the first general study of the thermal history of pseudo-Dirac DM with splittings from 100 eV to MeV, focusing on the depletion of the heavier “excited” state abundance via scatterings and decays, and on the distinctive signals arising from its small surviving abundance. We analyze CMB energy injection bounds on both DM annihilation and decay, accelerator-based probes, and new line-like direct-detection signals from the excited DM down-scattering on either nuclei or electrons, as well as future search prospects in each channel. We also comment on the relevance of this signal to the few-keV Xenon1T electron excess and on possible diurnal modulation of this signal, and introduce a signal-strength parametrization to facilitate the comparison of future experimental results to theoretical expectations.
New superstrata from three-dimensional supergravity
Authors: Ganchev Bogdan , Houppe Anthony , Warner Nicholas P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We find a two-parameter family of generalized superstrata that emerge as smooth, supersymmetric solutions in three-dimensional gauged supergravity coupled to additional scalar fields. This new family of generalized superstrata are smooth microstate geometries and may be thought of as supersymmetric Coulomb-branch extensions of the original superstrata in which the underlying supertube undergoes an elliptical deformation. These solutions had already been obtained numerically, and as series solutions, to the equations of motion, and some of them were conjectured to be supersymmetric. Here we prove the supersymmetry of an entire two-parameter family and we obtain a highly non-trivial analytic and smooth solution for a one-parameter limit in which the global symmetry of the metric is enhanced to SO(3). We also confirm that the other known families of microstrata are not supersymmetric. We conclude with a cursory analysis of some of the singular brane distributions that can be accessed from three-dimensional gauged supergravity while preserving the same supersymmetries as the superstratum, and therefore of the three-charge black hole.
Destroying the event horizon of a nonsingular rotating quantum-corrected black hole
Authors: Yang Si-Jiang , Zhang Yu-Peng , Wei Shao-Wen , Liu Yu-Xiao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The destruction of the event horizon of a nonsingular black hole, which is not prevented by the weak cosmic censorship conjecture, might provide us the possibility to access quantum regime of gravity inside black hole. We investigate the possibility of overspinning a nonsingular rotating quantum-corrected black hole by a test particle and a scalar field in this paper, and analyse the effect of the quantum parameter on the destruction of the event horizon. For the test particle injection, both extremal and near-extremal black holes cannot be overspun due to the existence of the quantum parameter. And the larger the quantum parameter the harder the black hole to be overspun. It seems that the quantum parameter acts as a protector to prevent the black hole to be destroyed. However, for the test scalar field scattering, both extremal and near-extremal black holes can be destroyed. Due to the loop quantum gravity correction, the angular velocity of the extremal black hole shifts from that of the extremal Kerr black hole. This provides a small range of wave modes to destroy the event horizon of the quantum-corrected black hole.
Massless S matrices for AdS3/CFT2
Authors: Frolov Sergey , Sfondrini Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The AdS3/CFT2 correspondence features massless non-relativistic modes on the string worldsheet in lightcone gauge. We study in detail these excitations and highlight how they naturally split between chiral (left-moving) and anti-chiral (right-moving) representations. In light of this split we discuss the constraints on the two-particle worldsheet S matrix imposed by braiding and physical unitarity, parity, time-reversal, and crossing invariance. We also comment on the implication of this split in the mirror kinematics.
KLT factorization of nonrelativistic string amplitudes
Authors: Yan Ziqi , Yu Matthew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We continue our study of the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) factorization of winding string amplitudes in [1]. In a toroidal compactification, amplitudes for winding closed string states factorize into products of amplitudes for open strings ending on an array of D-branes localized in the compactified directions; the specific D-brane configuration is determined by the closed string data. In this paper, we study a zero Regge slope limit of the KLT relations between winding string amplitudes. Such a limit of string theory requires a critically tuned Kalb-Ramond field in a compact direction, and leads to a self-contained corner called nonrelativistic string theory. This theory is unitary, ultraviolet complete, and its string spectrum and spacetime S-matrix satisfy nonrelativistic symmetry. Moreover, the asymptotic closed string states in nonrelativistic string theory necessarily carry nonzero windings. First, starting with relativistic string theory, we construct a KLT factorization of amplitudes for winding closed strings in the presence of a critical Kalb-Ramond field. Then, in the zero Regge limit, we uncover a KLT relation for amplitudes in nonrelativistic string theory. Finally, we show how such a relation can be reproduced from first principles in a purely nonrelativistic string theory setting. We will also discuss connections to the amplitudes of string theory in the discrete light cone quantization (DLCQ), a method that is relevant for Matrix theory.
Combined Curvature and Wall Shear Stress Analysis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: An Analysis of Rupture Risk Factors
Authors: Teng Biyun , Zhou Zhijun , Zhao Yu , Wang Zhe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To discuss the risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture based on geometric and hemodynamic parameters.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of those who were diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm by computed tomography angiography at our hospital between October 2019 and December 2020. Thirty-five patients were included in the ruptured group (13 patients) and the unruptured group (22 patients). We analyzed the differences and correlations of anatomical factors and hemodynamic parameters between the two groups using computational fluid dynamics based on computed tomography angiography.

Results
There were significant differences in the maximum diameter [(79.847 ± 10.067) mm vs. (52.320 ± 14.682) mm, P < 0.001], curvature [(0.139 ± 0.050) vs. 0.080 (0.123 − 0.068), P = 0.021], and wall shear stress at the site of maximal blood flow impact [0.549(0.839 − 0.492) Pa vs. (1.378 ± 0.255) Pa, P < 0.001] between the ruptured and unruptured groups, respectively. And in the ruptured group, wall shear stress at the rupture site was significantly different from that at the site of maximal blood flow impact [0.025 (0.049 − 0.018) Pa vs. 0.549 (0.839 − 0.492) Pa, P = 0.001]. Then, the maximum diameter and curvature were associated with rupture (maximum diameter: OR: 1.095, P = 0.003; curvature: OR: 1.142E + 10, P = 0.012). Most importantly, curvature is negatively correlated with wall shear stress (r = − 0.366, P = 0.033).

Conclusions
Both curvature and wall shear stress can evaluate the rupture risk of aneurysm. Also, curvature can be used as the geometric substitution of wall shear stress.
A better but persistently low health status in women with fibromyalgia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional data analysis
Authors: Koppert Tim Y. , van Middendorp Henriët , Geenen Rinie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultiple overlapping and complementary theoretical arguments suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic could worsen health in fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to determine mental and physical health in women with fibromyalgia before and during the pandemic. In a 3-sample, repeated cross-sectional design, we analyzed questionnaire data from Dutch women with fibromyalgia, collected in three independent samples: before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018; n = 142) and during the first acute (2020; n = 304) and prolonged (2021; n = 95) phases of the pandemic. Eight dimensions of mental and physical health were assessed using The RAND 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (RAND SF-36). Compared to norm group data, both before and during the pandemic, women with fibromyalgia showed high levels of fatigue and pain and low levels of general health, social functioning, physical functioning, role physical functioning (d > 1.2, very large effect sizes), role emotional functioning, and mental health (0.71 < d < 1.2, medium to large effect sizes). Contrary to theoretical expectation, levels at five health variables before vs. during the pandemic did not differ (p > 0.05), and levels of pain (p < 0.001), role physical functioning (p < 0.001), and physical functioning (p = 0.03) (0.014 ≤ pη2 ≤ 0.042, small effect sizes) reflected a healthier status during than before the pandemic. These findings indicate a somewhat better but persistently low health status in women with fibromyalgia during the pandemic. This suggests that the pandemic may include changed circumstances that are favorable for some women with fibromyalgia.
Berechnung der kf-Werte geschichteter Aquifere aus geologischem Profil und Transmissivität
Authors: Rausch Randolf , Geiger Werner 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein einfaches Verfahren zur Abschätzung der kf-Werte (Durchlässigkeitsbeiwerte) geschichteter Grundwasserleiter aus geologischem Profil und Transmissivität von Grundwassermessstellen vorgestellt. Vorausgesetzt ist dabei, dass die Mächtigkeiten der einzelnen Schichten sowie die Transmissivitäten, bestimmt aus Pumpversuchen, bekannt sind und die Anzahl der Pumpversuche größer oder gleich der Anzahl der Schichten ist. Die Berechnung der kf-Werte erfolgt durch die numerische Lösung eines überbestimmten Gleichungssystems, das mit Excel berechnet werden kann.
Urbanization and child growth failure in Sub-Saharan Africa: a geographical analysis
Authors: Ru Yating , Haile Beliyou , Carruthers John I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper raises a fundamental question about Sub-Saharan Africa: has urbanization there been accompanied by improvements in personal wellbeing? It then proceeds to open an investigation focused on child health—in the form of child growth failure, including (i) stunting; (ii) wasting; and (iii) underweight—that addresses the question. The main contribution of the work is to reconcile an array of data, collected across different spatial scales and over different timeframes, in a manner that enables some preliminary insight into the relationships explored. Evidence derived from the analysis suggests that the wave of urbanization breaking across Sub-Saharan Africa is associated with improvements in wellbeing, a finding that is qualified by need for further research.
Activation of Cadmium–Imidazole Buffering Coordination Polymer by Sulfur-Doping for the Enhancement of Photocatalytic Degradation of Cationic and Anionic Dyes Under Visible Light
Authors: Mohsen Mostafa , Tantawy Hesham , Naeem Ibrahim , Awaad Mohamed , Abuzalat Osama , Baraka Ahmad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe buffering Cadmium–Imidazole Coordination Polymer (Cd–Im-CP) was synthesized hydrothermally from cadmium chloride and imidazole at 70 °C and then was subjected to doping- by the non-metal sulfur using Na2S solution as a novel modification strategy to produce S–Cd–Im CPs. To investigate doping nature and its effects, Cd–Im CP and S–Cd–Im CPs were characterized applying different analyses techniques, FTIR, Raman, PXRD, SEM/EDX, TGA, and UV–Vis DRS analyses. Characterizations showed the successful chemical doping of sulfur. The inclusion of sulfur within chemical CP structure caused narrowing of material’s bandgap from 4.55 and 3.4 eV to 4.25 and 2.35 eV for S–Cd–Im CPs allowing it for photoresponse towards Visible-light. Both Cd–Im CP and S–Cd–Im CPs were applied for photocatalytic degradation of the selected dyes methylene blue (MB),and methyl orange (MO) employing visible and UV irradiations considering three different initial pH levels to investigate the consequence of sulfur doping. After eliminating the photolysis effect, the best degradation by S–Cd–Im CPs was recorded for MB at initial pH 4 being 13 fold that is for Cd–Im CP. The highest apparent turnover frequencies are 1.2 × 10−3 h−1 for MB at initial pH 10 and 1.03 × 10−4 h−1 for MO at initial pH 4 are given by 10S–Cd–IM CP under Visible-light. Generally, S–Cd–Im CPs remarkably improved photocatalysis degradation of both the dyes for all initial pH levels under Visible-light.
Wie entstehen Märkte? Ein Vergleich idealtypischer Erklärungsansätze in Ökonomie und Wirtschaftssoziologie
Authors: Aspers Patrik , Bengtsson Petter , Dobeson Alexander 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Theorien des Ökonomischen wird die Frage nach der Entstehung von Märkten vergleichsweise randständig behandelt. Wie der Artikel zeigt, lassen sich die dominanten Erklärungsmuster in drei Gruppen zusammenfassen, die jeweils einem idealtypischen Leitkonzept der Marktgestaltung folgen: wechselseitige Anpassung, Organisation und soziale Felder. Während Theorien der wechselseitigen Anpassung von der quasi-natürlichen Genese von Märkten im Prozess reziproker Anerkennungsprozesse der Marktteilnehmer ausgehen, fokussieren Organisationstheorien die bewusste Gestaltung relevanter Institutionen, insbesondere, aber nicht nur durch den Staat. Die durch Bourdieu und Fligstein inspirierte Theorie sozialer Felder nimmt die außerökonomische Einbettung von Marktentstehungsprozessen in den Blick, liefert jedoch keinen genuinen Beitrag zur Interpretation solcher Prozesse im engeren Sinne. Der eingehende analytische Vergleich der jeweiligen Literatur zeigt die Anwendbarkeit der jeweiligen Erklärungsmuster. So betrifft das Phänomen der wechselseitigen Anpassung vor allem ungeplante Prozesse und Märkte mit starker Produktdifferenzierung, das Phänomen der Organisation hingegen vor allem „gerahmte“ Märkte für standardisierte Produkte sowie Wertpapiermärkte. Theorien sozialer Felder adressieren übergreifend den sozialen Kontext und die Machtkämpfe, in denen Märkte als politisch-kulturelle Strukturen ausgehandelt werden. Auf Basis dieser Beobachtung plädiert der Beitrag für eine integrierende Perspektive, die die Vorteile der jeweiligen Ansätze ohne Reduktion auf ein Paradigma in sich vereint.
Assessment of CrFeCoNi and AlCrFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloys as Bond Coats for Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Ossiansson M. , Gupta M. , Löbel M. , Lindner T. , Lampke T. , Joshi S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a relatively new group of multicomponent alloys that have shown great potential for applications requiring tribological and oxidation resistant properties. Consequently, thermally sprayed coatings of different HEA chemistries have received increasing research attention. In this paper, atomized equimolar CrFeCoNi and AlCrFeCoNi feedstocks were used for high velocity air-fuel spraying (HVAF) to produce overlay coatings using two different nozzle configurations. The microstructure, phase constitution and hardness of the coatings were analyzed along with the primary aim of testing the coatings for their oxidation behavior. The performance of the two HEA chemistries was compared with two commercial MCrAlY coatings that are well-established bond coat materials for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). An investigation was conducted to test the coatings’ performance as bond coats by applying suspension plasma sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia top coats and evaluating the thermal cycling behavior of the TBCs. The AlCrFeCoNi-coating was found to demonstrate a lower oxidation rate than the CrFeCoNi-coating. However, the AlCrFeCoNi-coating was found to form more rapid oxide scales compared with the commercial bond coat material that also contained reactive elements.
Radiotherapy update: current role of radiotherapy in the treatment of lymphomas
Authors: Waldstein Cora 
Published: April 2022

SummaryRadiotherapy (RT) remains an important modality in the modern treatment of lymphomas. In Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), its role is stage-dependent. In early stage favorable HL, RT is an essential component of combined treatment. In early unfavorable and advanced stage HL, RT can be omitted if patients are positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) negative after chemotherapy. In non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), RT can be used as definitive treatment of indolent lymphoma. In aggressive NHL, the role of RT is limited to consolidation therapy of bulky disease, extranodal involvement and in elderly patients. Overall, technology evolved from extended fields to involved-node (INRT) and involved-site radiotherapy (ISRT), with concurrent reduction in doses. This short review summarizes current evidence and provides a future outlook with regard to the role of RT in the treatment of lymphomas.