bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypolipidemic effect of chromium-modified enzymatic product of sulfated rhamnose polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Ye Han , Cui Jiefen , Chi Yongzhou , Liu Ruizhi , Wang Peng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSulfated rhamnose polysaccharide (SRP) derived fromEnteromorpha proliferais a metal-ion chelating agent that could potentially be used to treat diabetes. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of a variant of SRP on DIABETES. First, we synthesized and characterized SRPE-3 chromium(III) [SRPE-3-Cr(III)] complex using an enzymatic method. The maximum chelation rate was 18.2% under optimal chelating conditions of pH 6.0, time 4 h, and temperature 60 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed important sites for Cr(III)-binding were O–H and C=O groups. We then studied the hypolipidemic effects of SRPE-3-Cr(III) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFSD). Decreased blood glucose content, body fat ratio, serum TG, TC, LDL-C, and increased serum HDL-C were observed after treatment with SRPE-3-Cr(III). In addition, SRPE-3-Cr(III) significantly reduced leptin, resistin, and TNF-α levels, and increased adiponectin contents relative to T2DM. Histopathology results also showed that SRPE-3-Cr(III) could alleviate the HFSD-lesioned tissues. SRPE-3-Cr(III) also improved lipid metabolism via a reduction in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase activities in the liver. SRPE-3-Cr(III) at low doses exhibited better lipid-lowering activities, hence, could be considered to be a novel compound to treat hyperlipidemia and also act as an anti-diabetic agent.
Structural and electronic properties of Sn sheets grown on Cd(0001)
Authors: Shi Ming-Xia , Li Zuo , Yang Da-Xiao , Tao Min-Long , Sun Kai , Yang Ji-Yong , Wang Jun-Zhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate the growth and electronic properties of the Sn sheets on Cd(0001) with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that both the first and second layer of Sn reveal the epitaxial growth with a 1 × 1 commensurate lattice. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STS) measurements indicate the Sn monolayer exhibits a metallic behavior. DFT calculations indicate that all the Sn atoms in the first Sn layer occupy the energetically preferable hcp-hollow sites. Very small amount of charge is transferred from Cd(0001) to the Sn monolayer, indicating the interface of Sn/Cd(0001) is governed by the weak van der Waals interaction.
Energy supply based on wind-solar power in Germany
Authors: Lustfeld Hans 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWind-solar power has an intrinsic huge volatility and the obvious question arises, is it possible to marginalize it to an extent that the power generation can sufficiently be synchronized with the electric power consumption being volatile as well. We present a novel function describing the volatile system as a whole. The new function, in turn, depends on three characteristic numbers, which means that the volatility of this system is characterized by those numbers. Using the data of the total electric power consumption and the total wind-solar power generation in Germany for the last seven years (2015–2021) taken every 15 minutes we determine the characteristic numbers from these data and get the result that marginalizing the volatility is possible with a minimum of required storage capacity, provided (i) a surplus of wind-solar power is supplied about doubling the number of devices, (ii) smart meters are installed, (iii) a different kind of wind turbines and solar panels is partially used. Our results suggest that all the present electric energy required in Germany can be obtained from wind-solar power if (i), (ii) and possibly (iii) are fulfilled. And our results indicate that, because of the minimal necessary storage capacity, controlled wind-solar power can in addition produce the energy for transportation, warm water, space heating and in part for process heating, requiring an increase of the electric energy production in total by a factor of 5. Then, however, a huge number of wind turbines and solar panels is required changing the appearance of German landscapes fundamentally. Our method can be applied to the wind-solar power problem of any country provided a reliable basis of power data exists over a sufficiently long period.
A Distributed Attribute Reduction Algorithm for High-Dimensional Data under the Spark Framework
Authors: Wu Zhengjiang , Mei Qiuyu , Zhang Yaning , Yang Tian , Luo Junwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAttribute reduction is an important issue in rough set theory. However, the rough set theory-based attribute reduction algorithms need to be improved to deal with high-dimensional data. A distributed version of the attribute reduction algorithm is necessary to enable it to effectively handle big data. The partition of attribute space is an important research direction. In this paper, a distributed attribution reduction algorithm based on cosine similarity (DARCS) for high-dimensional data pre-processing under the Spark framework is proposed. First, to avoid the repeated calculation of similar attributes, the algorithm gathers similar attributes based on similarity measure to form multiple clusters. And then one attribute is selected randomly as a representative from each cluster to form a candidate attribute subset to participate in the subsequent reduction operation. At the same time, to improve computing efficiency, an improved method is introduced to calculate the attribute dependency in the divided sub-attribute space. Experiments on eight datasets show that, on the premise of avoiding critical information loss, the reduction ability and computing efficiency of DARCS have been improved by 0.32 to 39.61% and 31.32 to 93.79% respectively compared to the distributed version of attribute reduction algorithm based on a random partitioning of the attributes space.
On the Appropriateness of Grief to Its Object
Authors: RATCLIFFE MATTHEW , RICHARDSON LOUISE , MILLAR BECKY 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHow we understand the nature and role of grief depends on what we take its object to be and vice versa. This paper focuses on recent claims by philosophers that grief is frequently or even inherently irrational or inappropriate in one or another respect, all of which hinge on assumptions concerning the proper object of grief. By emphasizing the temporally extended structure of grief, we offer an alternative account of its object that undermines these assumptions and dissolves the apparent problems. The principal object of grief, we suggest, is a loss of life possibilities, which is experienced, understood, and engaged with over a prolonged period. Other descriptions of grief's object identify more specific aspects of this loss in ways that do not respect a straightforward distinction between concrete and formal objects.
MODERN LIFE-CARE TONTINES
Authors: Hieber Peter , Lucas Nathalie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe tendency of insurance providers to refrain from offering long-term guarantees on investment or mortality risk has shifted attention to mutual risk pooling schemes like (modern) tontines, pooled annuities or group self annuitization schemes. While the literature has focused on mortality risk pooling schemes, this paper builds on the advantage of pooling mortality and morbidity risks, and their inherent natural hedge. We introduce a modern “life-care tontine”, which in addition to retirement income targets the needs of long-term care (LTC) coverage for an ageing population. In contrast to a classical life-care annuity, both mortality and LTC risks are shared within the policyholder pool by mortality and morbidity credits, respectively. Technically, we rely on a backward iteration to deduce the smoothed cashflows pattern and the separation of cash-flows in a fixed withdrawal and a surplus from the two types of risks. We illustrate our results using real life data, demonstrating the adequacy of the proposed tontine scheme.
Changes in intravenous and oral antimicrobial prescriptions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: an experience at a tertiary-care center
Authors: Murakami Shutaro , Takamatsu Akane , Akazawa Manabu , Goto Takao , Miwa Toshiki , Terayama Yoshiyasu , Honda Hitoshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a tertiary-care center was analyzed using interrupted time-series analysis. Among intravenous antimicrobials, the use of azithromycin and third-generation cephalosporins significantly decreased during the current pandemic. Similarly, the use of oral antimicrobials, including azithromycin and fluoroquinolones, also decreased.
Corporate Governance In Russian State-Owned Enterprises: Real Or Surreal?
Authors: Nurgozhayeva Roza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe narrative that defines privatisation, corporatisation, and the separation of ownership and regulatory functions as the key prerequisites for a successful state-owned enterprises’ (SOE) governance structure represents the literature's leading approach. This approach has been embedded in national laws and policies across many countries. Nonetheless, some legal scholars have scrutinised and questioned this single-minded perspective, emphasising the impact of existing institutional conditions and calling for an alternative understanding of corporate governance dynamics in different SOEs. Notwithstanding a vigorous debate on SOEs, it almost exclusively focuses on China, while Russia, being another large state-driven economy, has been missing. This article fills this gap and offers a comparative and critical perspective on the state ownership system in Russia. The analysis of Russian SOEs reveals classic governance and incentive problems attributable to state ownership. However, the question is how despite close affiliation to the State and high transaction costs caused by state interference, Russian SOEs have gained a substantial international market presence. This article answers this paradox.
New records of injured Cambrian and Ordovician trilobites
Authors: Bicknell Russell D.C. , Smith Patrick M. , Howells Thomas F. , Foster John R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecords of abnormal fossil arthropods present important insight into how extinct forms responded to traumatic damage and developmental complications. Trilobites, bearing biomineralized dorsal exoskeletons, have arguably the most well-documented record of abnormalities spanning the Cambrian through the end-Permian. As such, new records of malformed, often injured, trilobites are occasionally identified. To further expand the documentation of abnormal specimens, we describe malformed specimens of Lyriaspis sigillum Whitehouse, 1939, Zacanthoides sp. indet., Asaphiscus wheeleri Meek, 1873, Elrathia kingii (Meek, 1870), and Ogygiocarella debuchii (Brongniart, 1822) from lower Paleozoic deposits. In considering these forms, we propose that they illustrate examples of injuries, and that the majority of these injuries reflect failed predation. We also considered the origin of injuries impacting singular segments, suggesting that these could reflect predation, self-induced damage, or intraspecific interactions during soft-shelled stages. Continued examination of lower Paleozoic trilobite injuries will further the understanding of how trilobites functioned as prey and elucidate how disparate trilobite groups recovered from failed attacks.
Mental Stress, Workplaces and Nigeria's Employees’ Compensation Act
Authors: Nwankwo Prince Ifeanyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt has been over a decade since the Employees’ Compensation Act (ECA) came into force, introducing, for the first time under Nigeria's employees’ compensation scheme, mental stress as a basis for compensation. However, legal literature on salient aspects of Nigerian employees’ compensation remains scant. This article seeks to bridge this gap and provide a source of legal scholarship to aid the adjudication of mental stress claims in Nigeria. The article discusses when and how work-related mental stress is compensable within the context of the ECA. It finds that, notwithstanding the subjective nature of mental stress and the possibility of feigning mental injury, the ECA establishes broad bases for compensating mental stress, increasing the risk that employees may manipulate the system and obtain benefits even when mental stress is not work-related. The article therefore articulates criteria to defeat fraudulent claims and ensure that only legitimate mental stress claims are compensated.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Spanish Prehospital Advanced Triage Method (META)
Authors: Castro Delgado Rafael , Gan Rick Kye , Cabrera García Víctor , Arcos González Pedro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Mass-casualty incident (MCI) triage systems aim to provide the best possible health care to the greatest number of affected people with the available resources in the context of a mass-casualty event. The Spanish Prehospital Advanced Triage Method (Modelo Extrahospitalario de Triaje Avanzado; META) was designed to improved patient sorting in MCIs.Objective:The aim of this study was to estimate and compare sensitivity and specificity of META and the Manchester Triage System (MTS) in MCIs by retrospectively applying both triage algorithms to real MCI patients from the Emergency and Disaster Research Unit (Unidad de Investigación en Emergencia y Desastres; UIED) MCI database.Method:This was a comparative study of two triage methods using sensitivity and specificity with the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) as the gold standard. A total of 134 MCI patients from the UIED database were included. An MCI in Asturias is defined as an incident that involves four or more victims that require ambulance mobilization.Results:Patients mean age was 39.85 years (95% CI, 35.9-43.8) with an age range from one to 88 years old. In total, 54.4% of the patients were female. The most common types of MCI involved were fires (51.0%), followed by road traffic accident (43.3%) and street fight (3.7%). For MTS, the overall sensitivity was 30.6% (95% CI, 22.9-39.1) and specificity was 66.0% (95% CI, 60.0-71.7). For META triage algorithm, the overall sensitivity was 79.9% (95% CI, 72.1-86.3) and specificity was 89.9% (95% CI, 85.7-93.3).Conclusion:The META triage algorithm is a reliable triage system; thus, it can be recommended to be used in an MCI.
Health Care Organizations’ Interoperability during Multi-Organizational Disaster Management: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gastaldi Silvana , Horlait Melissa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Disaster management (DM) is becoming increasingly complex because of technological advancement and the multi-organization and international contexts. Effective interoperability and adequate collaboration in DM have the potential to spare the human life and to control the economic burden. For those reasons, it’s becoming important to find a way for systems and organizations that exploit, at the same time, the technological interoperability and team’s interoperability.This study aims to provide an overview of the multi-organizational problems and solutions reflecting on achieving interoperability in multi-organizational DM.Methods:The article is structured as a scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist was used to report the results. The selected papers were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklists to screen their methodological quality.The scoping review was conducted systematically searching the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The search algorithm was developed using the three key concepts “interoperability; multi-organizational; disaster medicine” translated into different possible search and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Studies of all research design types were considered.Discussion:The included literature is reporting experiences on interoperability and how it has been applied to health care systems and organizations interacting during a disaster event. Twelve articles were included. Specific problems and solutions were identified regarding the technological and personnel interoperability, such as ineffective integration, technical problems, lack of an interoperability language, and data filtering network. The suggested approach might involve a focus on both the technological as well the human and personnel interoperability with the aim to create a culture of interoperability through compatible technological solutions and joint trainings.Conclusions:This study identified two main approaches during disasters: technology versus personnel interoperability. The suggested approach is to develop a hybrid culture of interoperability through compatible technological solutions combined to joint and multi-disciplinary trainings to achieve the development of a common language.Further research will need a solution-focused approach on the culture and language of interoperability as thematic gathering training, socio-technical networks, and policies/procedural guidelines.
The use of exemplars differs between native and non-native listening
Authors: Nijveld Annika , ten Bosch Louis , Ernestus Mirjam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study compares the role of exemplars in native and non-native listening. Two English identity priming experiments were conducted with native English, Dutch non-native, and Spanish non-native listeners. In Experiment 1, primes and targets were spoken in the same or a different voice. Only the native listeners showed exemplar effects. In Experiment 2, primes and targets had the same or a different degree of vowel reduction. The Dutch, but not the Spanish, listeners were familiar with this reduction pattern from their L1 phonology. In this experiment, exemplar effects only arose for the Spanish listeners. We propose that in these lexical decision experiments the use of exemplars is co-determined by listeners’ available processing resources, which is modulated by the familiarity with the variation type from their L1 phonology. The use of exemplars differs between native and non-native listening, suggesting qualitative differences between native and non-native speech comprehension processes.
A New Thunderstorm Identification Algorithm Based on Total Lightning Activity
Authors: Huang Yijun , Fan Yadong , Cai Li , Cheng Si , Wang Jianguo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a new thunderstorm identification algorithm called combinatorial 8‐connectivity method based on total lightning activity as observed by the Foshan total lightning location system. The influence of spatio‐temporal parameters on the outcome is presented. The evaluation method contains four criteria: the fitting area of lightning clusters, the area proportion of lightning clusters, the number of lightning clusters and the utilization rate of lightning events. It is found that the fitting area adopting grid cells with size 0.02°–0.05° remains constant around 4, 9, 16 and 25 times those using grid cells of 0.01° in size, respectively. The evaluation criteria change by less than 0.61 km2/min in area, less than 0.43%/min in area proportion, less than 1/min in number and less than 2.8% in utilization rate using 0.01° grid cell when the duration of time interval exceeds 6 min and the spatial gap between grid cells with lightning events is more than 2 gaps. Then, the evaluation results of the combined 8‐connectivity method are compared with the results of the connected‐component labeling method (8, 24, 48, 80 and 120‐connectivity method), and it is found that the performance of combined 8‐connectivity method is better to outline lightning cluster. The two methods have been applied to case analysis on 15 May 2014.
Propagating Seismic Waves in VTI Attenuating Media Using Fractional Viscoelastic Wave Equation
Authors: Wang Ning , Xing Guangchi , Zhu Tieyuan , Zhou Hui , Shi Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeismic velocity and attenuation anisotropy are ubiquitous in the crust and upper mantle, significantly modulating the characteristics of seismic wave propagation in the Earth's interior. Accurate seismic wave modeling of velocity and attenuation anisotropy is essential for the understanding of wave propagation in the Earth's interior as well as constructing global and region‐scale seismic full waveform tomography. Here, we derive a decoupled fractional Laplacian (DFL) viscoelastic wave equation to characterize the Earth's frequency‐independent Q behavior in the vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media. We verify the accuracy of the proposed viscoelastic wave equation by 2D synthetic examples; to show its applicability in crustal‐scale seismic modeling, we present an example of 3D seismic wave propagation in the realistic Salton Trough model. Through extensive numerical tests, we conclude that the proposed viscoelastic wave equation is superior in four aspects. First, the viscoelastic wave equation takes VTI anisotropy of both velocity and attenuation into account and can describe the strong direction‐dependent attenuation. Second, our derivation contains spatially independent Laplacians, and thus the proposed wave equation enjoys higher simulation accuracy for heterogeneous Q media. Third, the new viscoelastic wave equation can decouple the amplitude decay and the phase distortion, which is appealing for improving the resolution in seismic imaging and inversion. Lastly, compared to viscoelastic wave equations with time‐fractional operators, our scheme has higher computational efficiency by avoiding substantial wavefield storage.
Craton Formation in Early Earth Mantle Convection Regimes
Authors: Capitanio Fabio A. , Nebel Oliver , Moyen Jean‐François , Cawood Peter A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHow the geological record of cratons reconciles with the tectonic environments in which they formed has remained debated. We use 2D Cartesian geometry numerical models of mantle convection varying temperatures from present day to Archaean‐inferred values, to address the formation of cratons, accounting for melt depletion‐dependent rheological stiffening. For mantle temperatures comparable to present day, melting is negligible and the convective regime depends on the strength of the thermal lithosphere. For mantle potential temperatures higher than present day, high depletion degree and large depleted mantle volumes are formed at low lithospheric strength and high surface mobility, whereas these are negligible beneath a poorly mobile lithosphere. When compared to the models, the record of tectonics and large volumes of high‐degree depleted mantle in Archaean cratons is best explained by a lithosphere initially prone to yielding and mobility. At high mobility, large depletion favors the progressive differentiation of the thermochemical lithosphere, which stiffens and thickens with increasing mantle temperatures. The ensuing reduced heat flow atop a hotter mantle is in agreement with the inferred Archaean thermal evolution, and may rule out the viability of a stagnant lid for the early Earth. Large‐scale depletion stiffening resists plate margin formation and this wanes as heat production decreases, thus may hold the key for the establishment of plate tectonics during secular cooling.