bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing water uptake into BY‐2 cells by systematically optimizing the cultivation parameters increases product yields achieved by transient expression in plant cell packs
Authors: Opdensteinen P. , Buyel J. F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlant‐based production systems are inexpensive and easy to handle, allowing them to complement existing platforms for the production of protein‐based vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostic reagents. However, screening product candidates in whole plants requires a large facility footprint and is challenging due to natural variations in recombinant protein accumulation. In contrast, plant cell packs (PCPs) allow more than 1000 samples to be screened per day in microtiter plates. PCPs enable rapid development cycles based on transient expression in as little as 3 days, and yield milligram quantities of product for initial quality assessment and functional testing. However, this requires high‐level expression in BY‐2 cells and consistent cell quality across batches. We therefore used a statistical design of experiments (DoE) approach to systematically assess factors that contribute to consistent high yields of recombinant proteins in PCPs. Specifically, we tested the osmolality, pH, carbon source, light source, and additives during cell cultivation, as well as cell and PCP harvest times. The careful adjustment of these factors increased overall productivity by approximately fourfold. Remarkably all cultivation conditions leading to high productivities during transient expression in PCPs were associated with a reduced water uptake into the central vacuole. The universal presence of a vacuole in plant cells indicates that our results should be transferrable to other cells lines. Our findings therefore support the broad application of PCPs for screening and product analysis during the development of protein‐based pharmaceuticals and reagents in plants.
Sustainable business models and innovation strategies to realize them: A review of 87 empirical cases
Authors: Mignon Ingrid , Bankel Amanda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe importance of developing sustainable business models has recently received increased interest in society and among scholars. While firms attempt to innovate their business models towards sustainability or create new businesses to address sustainability issues, it becomes clear that there is no one‐size‐fits‐all model when it comes to sustainable business models. Consequently, firms often struggle to identify, develop, and implement sustainable business models that suit them. This paper aims to address this problem by drawing on the wealth of recently published empirical studies and reviewing 87 cases where firms have performed business model innovation to achieve sustainable business models. Four main sustainable business models are identified that have been achieved through different business model innovation strategies. The review contributes to managers by offering a portfolio of strategies to achieve sustainable business models and to research by clarifying the relation between the business model innovation and sustainable business model concepts.
Impact of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion on prognosis in soft tissue sarcoma patients. A single‐centre study
Authors: Smolle Maria Anna , Helmberg Wolfgang , Matzhold Eva Maria , Barth Dominik Andreas , Sareban Nazanin , Szkandera Joanna , Liegl‐Atzwanger Bernadette , Leithner Andreas , Pichler Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPerioperatively administered (leukocyte reduced) allogeneic red blood cell transfusions (lrRBCTs) may lead to transfusion‐related immunomodulation and reduced overall survival (OS) in cancer patients. Herein, the effect of lrRBCT on local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM), and OS in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients was analysed.MethodsRetrospective study on 432 STS patients (mean age: 60.0 ± 17.8 years; 46.1% female), surgically treated at a tertiary tumour centre. Uni‐ and multivariate survival models were calculated to analyse impact of perioperative lrRBCTs on LR, DM, OS.ResultsPerioperatively, 75 patients (17.4%) had received lrRBCTs. Older patients, deep, large, lower limb STS rather required lrRBCTs (all p < 0.05). No significant association between lrRBCT administration and LR‐ (p = 0.582) or DM‐risk (p = 0.084) was observed. LrRBCT was associated with worse OS in univariate analysis (HR: 2.222; p < 0.001), with statistical significance lost upon multivariate analysis (HR: 1.658; p = 0.059; including age, histology, size, grading, amputation, depth). Adding preoperative haemoglobin in subgroup of 220 patients with laboratory parameters revealed significant negative impact of low haemoglobin on OS (p = 0.014), whilst effect of lrRBCT was further diminished (p = 0.167).ConclusionUnfavourable prognostic factors prevail in STS patients requiring lrRBCTs. Low haemoglobin levels rather than lrRBCT seem to reduce OS.
Regulating Spatial Localization and Reactivity Biasness of DNAzymes by Metal Ions and Oligonucleotides
Authors: Mahato Rishi Ram , Shandilya Ekta , Shikha  , Maiti Subhabrata 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChemical gradient sensing behavior of catalytically active colloids and enzymes is an area of immense interest owing to their importance in understanding fundamental spatiotemporal complexity patterns in living systems and designing dynamic materials. Herein, we have shown the peroxidase activity of DNAzyme (G‐quadruplex‐hemin complex tagged in a micron‐sized glass bead) can be modulated by metal ions and metal ion‐binding oligonucleotides. Next we demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically, that the localization and product formation ability of the DNAzyme‐containing particle remains biased to the more catalytically active zone where the concentration of metal ion (Hg2+) inhibitor is low. Interestingly, this biased localization can be broken by introduction of Hg2+ binding oligonucleotide in the system. Additionally, a macroscopically asymmetric catalytic product distributed zone has been achieved with this process, showing the possibility of regulation in autonomous spatially controlled chemical processes. This demonstration of autonomous modulation of the localization pattern and spatially specific enhanced product forming ability of DNAzymes will further enable the design of responsive nucleic acid‐based motile materials and surfaces.
Ligand‐Controlled Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Defluorinative Allylation of gem‐Difluorocyclopropanes via σ‐Bond Activation
Authors: Wu Lei , Wang Minyan , Liang Yong , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive SummaryMonofluoroalkenes are important and versatile privileged components in pharmacologically relevant molecules. Here, we report a method for the selective construction of these compounds in a diversity‐oriented fashion through regiodivergent cross‐coupling of gem‐difluorocyclopropanes with allylboronates by employing a palladium catalyst with two different ligands, in which gem‐difluorocyclopropanes were used as allyl electrophiles by C—C and C—F bond activation. In the presence of 2‐biphenylyl(diphenyl)phosphine as ligand, the linear‐selective allyl–allyl bond formation is highly obtained, while utilizing the sterically hindered BrettPhos (dicyclohexyl[3,6‐dimethoxy‐2',4',6'‐tris(1‐methylethyl)[1,1'‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl]phosphine) as the ligand favors the generation of the branched‐selective product. Experimental and computational studies investigated the key steps of the cross‐coupling reactions, revealing the origin of the ligand‐controlled regiodivergence.
A combination of stromal PD‐L1 and tumoral nuclear β‐catenin expression as an indicator of colorectal carcinoma progression and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki , Watanabe Hirono , Hashimura Miki , Matsumoto Toshihide , Yokoi Ako , Nakagawa Mayu , Ishibashi Yu , Ito Takashi , Ohhigata Kensuke , Saegusa Makoto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProgrammed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) and its ligand (PD‐L1) are significant mediators of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. We focused on the immunological impact of PD‐1/PD‐L1 signaling during tumor progression in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and its association with resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in locally advanced rectal carcinoma (LAd‐RC). Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of 100 CRC cases (including 34 RC) without NCRT and 109 NCRT‐treated LAd‐RC cases were performed. Membranous tumoral PD‐L1 expression was identified in 9 of 100 (9%) CRC cases, including 1 of 34 (2.9%) RC cases, but PD‐L1 immunopositivity was not associated with any clinicopathological factors, with the exception of deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) status. In contrast, stromal PD‐L1+ immune cells, which frequently exhibited coexpression of PD‐1 and CD8 markers, were significantly correlated with tumor vessel invasion, nuclear β‐catenin+ tumor budding cancer stem cell (CSC)‐like features, and unfavorable prognosis. In the LAd‐RC cases, stromal CD8+ (but not PD‐L1+) immune cell infiltration in pretreatment‐biopsied samples was significantly and positively associated with therapeutic efficacy. After NCRT, tumoral PD‐L1 expression was observed in only 2 of 83 (2.4%) tumors, independent of dMMR status, whereas high stromal PD‐L1+ and tumoral nuclear β‐catenin positivity were significantly linked to a poor response to NCRT and high tumor budding features. In addition, high stromal PD‐L1 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with poorer overall survival. In conclusion, a combination of stromal PD‐L1+ immune cells and nuclear β‐catenin+ tumor budding may contribute to tumor progression in CRC and resistance to NCRT in LAd‐RC, through formation of niche‐like lesions that exhibit immune resistance and CSC properties.
Electrochemically Triggered Energy Release from an Azothiophene‐Based Molecular Solar Thermal System
Authors: Franz Evanie , Kunz Anne , Oberhof Nils , Heindl Andreas H. , Bertram Manon , Fusek Lukas , Taccardi Nicola , Wasserscheid Peter , Dreuw Andreas , Wegner Hermann A. , Brummel Olaf , Libuda Jörg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMolecular solar thermal (MOST) systems combine solar energy conversion, storage, and release in simple one‐photon one‐molecule processes. Here, we address the electrochemically triggered energy release from an azothiophene‐based MOST system by photoelectrochemical infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PEC‐IRRAS) and density functional theory (DFT). Specifically, the electrochemically triggered back‐reaction from the energy rich (Z)‐3‐cyanophenylazothiophene to its energy lean (E)‐isomer using highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as the working electrode was studied. Theory predicts that two reaction channels are accessible, an oxidative one (hole‐catalyzed) and a reductive one (electron‐catalyzed). Experimentally it was found that the photo‐isomer decomposes during hole‐catalyzed energy release. Electrochemically triggered back‐conversion was possible, however, through the electron‐catalyzed reaction channel. The reaction rate could be tuned by the electrode potential within two orders of magnitude. It was shown that the MOST system withstands 100 conversion cycles without detectable decomposition of the photoswitch. After 100 cycles, the photochemical conversion was still quantitative and the electrochemically triggered back‐reaction reached 94 % of the original conversion level.
Evaluation of model‐free predictive current control in three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drives fed by three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped inverters
Authors: Yu Feng , Zhou Chenhui , Wang Zinuo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article evaluates the model‐free predictive current control for three‐level inverter‐fed permanent magnet synchronous motor drives based on a full‐update technique of dq‐axes current variations. The proposed method is implemented in three steps. First, the defined feature current variations are calculated relying on the projection relationship between the corresponding voltage vectors and are assigned to obtain the other current variations of the same category to enhance the updating frequency of dq‐axes current variations and the current quality as well. Second, a voltage pre‐selection is conducted in the predictive current control by virtue of the applied voltage vector. In this case, the enumeration of all available vectors is effectively omitted, yielding the reduced computational burden. At last, the unbalanced neutral‐point voltage of three‐level inverter is eliminated to improve the control performance. Experimental and simulated results have been employed to highlight the favorable performance of the proposed control strategy.
Generation of an Ihh‐mKate2‐Dre knock‐in mouse line
Authors: Li Rongyu , Cai Yunting , Lin Huisang , Dong Lei , Tang Mingchuan , Lang Yiming , Qi Yini , Peng Yanli , Zhou Bin , Yang Guan , Teng Yan , Yang Xiao 
Published: June 2022

SummaryIndian hedgehog (Ihh), a member of the Hh family, plays important roles in vertebrate development and homeostasis. To improve our understanding of the function of Ihh‐expressing cells and their progeny as well, we generate an Ihh‐mKate2tomm20‐Dre knock‐in mouse line that can label Ihh‐positive cells with a fluorescence protein mKate2 and trace Ihh‐positive cells and their progeny via Dre‐mediated recombination. Consistent with previous reports, we verified Ihh expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes of growth plate and granulosa cells of ovarian follicles by mKate2 immunostaining, and meanwhile confirmed Dre activity in these cells via a Dre reporter mouse line Rosa26‐confetti2. We also found, for the first time, that Ihh can mark some cell types, including retinal ganglion cells, Purkinje cells, and gallbladder epithelial cells. Taken together, the Ihh‐mKate2tomm20‐Dre mouse is a genetic tool for examining the precise expression profile of Ihh and tracing Ihh‐expressing cells and their progeny.
Are menstrual symptoms associated with central sensitization inventory? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: de Arruda Guilherme Tavares , Driusso Patricia , Rodrigues Jéssica Cordeiro , de Godoy Amanda Garcia , Degani Adriana , Danna‐dos‐Santos Alessander , Avila Mariana Arias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDysmenorrhoea is a prevalent pain condition that affects women of reproductive age, who are monthly exposed to this pain, usually until they reach adult age, or even after that, which can predispose them to Central Sensitization. The present study aimed to observe the association between menstrual characteristics and central sensitivity symptoms in women.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Brazilian women (n = 10,402) answered an online form comprised of questions regarding their gynaecological history, the Numerical Rating Scale for pain and the Central Sensitization Inventory, part A. For the analysis, we separated women into two groups: the Central Sensitivity Symptoms group (n = 5200) and the no Central Sensitivity Symptoms group (n = 5202). We performed a binary logistic regression with the backward insertion method for the variables withp < 0.05 in the bivariate analysis between groups. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsPrevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 67.3%, and 32.2% of women in the Central Sensitivity Symptoms group reported pain >8 during their menstrual period. The logistic regression showed that greater levels of menstrual pain (odds ratio 1.12), gynaecological diseases (odds ratio 1.51), presence of dysmenorrhoea since adolescence (odds ratio 1.20) and irregular menstrual cycles (odds ratio 1.47) increased the likelihood of women presenting with Central Sensitivity Symptoms (p < 0.05 for all comparisons).ConclusionsThe present study shows that Central Sensitivity Symptoms are present in about 50% of women and are associated with menstrual characteristics such as dysmenorrhoea‐related pain intensity, cycle regularity, presence of dysmenorrhoea since adolescence accompanied by gynaecological diseases.SignificanceCentral sensitivity symptoms occur in 50% of women and are more present in women with dysmenorrhoea. They are associated with cycle regularity, presence of dysmenorrhoea since adolescence and gynaecological diseases.LimitationsWomen that suffer from dysmenorrhoea and are of higher socio‐economic and educational levels may have been more propense to respond to the invitation; as such, the findings of the present study should be carefully interpreted.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of conventional spinal cord stimulation on chronic pain and health perceptions: A longitudinal controlled trial
Authors: Brill Silviu , Defrin Ruth , Aryeh Itay Goor , Zusman Adva Meseritz , Benyamini Yael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness and long‐term outcomes of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are not fully established, especially considering that data from patients who withdrew from the trial are rarely analysed, which may lead to overestimation of SCS efficacy. We evaluated short‐ and long‐term effects of SCS on chronic pain and perceived health, beyond natural variability in these outcomes.MethodsIn a prospective design, 176 chronic pain patients referred to SCS were evaluated five times (baseline; retest ~6 weeks later; post‐SCS trial; 8 and 28 weeks post‐permanent implantation). Patients whose SCS trial failed (Temp group) were followed up and compared to those who underwent permanent SCS (Perm group).ResultsAnalyses revealed a non‐linear (U‐shaped) trend significantly different between the two groups. In the Perm group, a significant improvement occurred post‐SCS implantation in pain severity, pain interference, health‐related quality of life and self‐rated health, which was followed by gradual worsening and return to baseline values at end of follow‐up. In the Temp group, only minor changes occurred in these outcomes over time. On average, baseline and end of follow‐up values in the Perm and Temp groups were similar: ~40% in each group exhibited an increase in pain severity over time and 38% and 33%, respectively, exhibited reductions in pain severity over time.ConclusionsSince the greatest improvement in the outcome measures occurred from baseline to post‐SCS trial (T1–T3) followed by a gradual decline in the effect, it appears that SCS may not be effective for the majority of chronic pain patients.SignificanceThis longitudinal study evaluated short and long term effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on chronic pain outcome measures, beyond their natural variation in time. Despite significant short term improvements, by the end of the seven months' follow‐up, the outcomes in the treatment group (people who received the permanent implantation) were similar to those of the control group (people whose SCS trial failed and did not continue to permanent implantation) suggesting SCS may not be cost‐effective for chronic pain patients.
Welfare state support during theCOVID‐19 pandemic: Change and continuity in public attitudes towards social policies in Germany
Authors: Ebbinghaus Bernhard , Lehner Lukas , Naumann Elias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOur analysis asks whether the pandemic situation affects welfare state support in Germany. The pandemic has increased the health and income risks calling for welfare state intervention. While increased needs, more deservingness, and higher state responsibility during such a crisis would suggest augmented support generally and among those at risk, this might be a short‐term effect and cost considerations could reverse this trend. We study public attitudes towards four key social policy areas based on the German Internet Panel (GIP). We use three waves prior and further three waves since the pandemic had been declared in March 2020. The analysis shows both continuity in the popularity of social policies, in particular health and pensions, and some short‐term increase in support for unemployment and family policies. The results after nearly 2 years suggest rather continuation with some thermostatic short‐term boosts in support instead of any long‐lasting change.
CFD simulations of wind flow across scarped foredunes: Implications for sediment pathways and beach–dune recovery after storms
Authors: Bauer Bernard O. , Wakes Sarah J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBeach–dune systems are dynamic geomorphic environments subject to erosion during storms and reconstruction during swell‐dominated inter‐storm periods. Wave‐cut scarps are frequently carved into the beach–dune profile, occasionally eroding the stoss slope of the foredune. Although the rapid phases of erosion have been researched and modelled extensively, relatively little is known about beach–dune recovery, especially scarp healing by aeolian processes. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling was deployed in this study to yield insights into different flow patterns across beach–dune profiles with three model foredunes (unscarped, 1 m scarp, 2 m scarp) for varying wind approach angles (α = 0–45°). The results show that the presence of a scarp substantially modifies the flow dynamics on the backbeach in front of the foredune. Vertical profiles of turbulence kinetic energy indicate that the influence of this flow‐modified zone extends out to about −7hfrom the scarp base (wherehis the scarp height). The reduction in onshore wind speed that is characteristic of this flow‐modified zone favours sand deposition on the backbeach and sand ramp development at the base of the scarp. Shore‐normal wind approach angles yield discontinuous roller‐like vortices with reversing (offshore) flow components at the sand surface, accompanied by the evolution of echo dunes. Oblique wind approach angles yield corkscrew (helicoidal) vortices that lead to the formation of continuous sand ramps alongshore. A conceptual model of scarp healing based on ideas previously discussed in the literature and enhanced by the CFD simulation results highlights the importance of sand ramps for reconnecting the transport system on the beach to the foredune stoss slope, thereby facilitating foredune growth and maintenance.
Light use efficiency of lettuce cultivation in vertical farms compared with greenhouse and field
Authors: Jin Wenqing , Formiga Lopez David , Heuvelink Ep , Marcelis Leo F. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVertical farming is a relatively new fresh fruit and vegetable production system, where lamps (mostly light emitting diodes [LED]) are the sole light source. A high light use efficiency (LUEinc), defined as shoot dry weight per incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD; g mol−1) integral, is crucial for the economic viability of vertical farming. Very different values for LUEinc have been reported in the literature and it is not clear whether LUEinc is higher in vertical farming than in greenhouse or open field cultivation. Values of LUEinc of lettuce grown in a vertical farm (53 studies), greenhouse (13 studies) and open field (8 studies) were collected from literature, as well as relevant cultivation aspects such as lettuce weight at harvest, cultivation period (plant age at harvest), daily light integral, cumulative daily light integral for the whole cultivation period, planting density and CO2 concentration. The average LUEinc for lettuce grown in a vertical farm was 0.55 g mol−1 which was higher than 0.39 g mol−1 for greenhouse‐grown lettuce. Both were substantially higher than for field‐grown lettuce (0.23 g mol−1). The maximum measured LUEinc for lettuce grown in a vertical farm (1.63 g mol−1) is close to the published maximum theoretical value, which ranges from 1.26 to 1.81 g mol−1. Since all environmental factors can be fully controlled, vertical farming has the capability to achieve the theoretical maximum LUEinc. Using the highest reported LUEinc based on shoot fresh weight (44 g mol−1 at 200 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD and 16 h photoperiod), it is estimated that each layer of a vertical farm can potentially produce annually up to 700 kg of lettuce per m2 at 500 μmol m−2 s−1 of continuous light.