bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass index rebound and pubertal timing in girls with and without a family history of breast cancer: the LEGACY girls study
Authors: Houghton Lauren C , Wei Ying , Wang Tianying , Goldberg Mandy , Paniagua-Avila Alejandra , Sweeden Rachel L , Bradbury Angela , Daly Mary , Schwartz Lisa A , Keegan Theresa , John Esther M , Knight Julia A , Andrulis Irene L , Buys Saundra S , Frost Caren J , O’Toole Karen , White Melissa L , Chung Wendy K , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Heavier body mass index (BMI) is the most established predictor of earlier age at puberty. However, it is unknown whether the timing of the childhood switch to heavier BMI (age at BMI rebound) also matters for puberty.

Methods
In the LEGACY Girls Study (n = 1040), a longitudinal cohort enriched with girls with a family history of breast cancer, we collected paediatric growth chart data from 852 girls and assessed pubertal development every 6 months. Using constrained splines, we interpolated individual growth curves and then predicted BMI at ages 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9 years for 591 girls. We defined age at BMI rebound as the age at the lowest BMI between ages 2 and 8 years and assessed its association with onset of thelarche, pubarche and menarche using Weibull survival models.

Results
The median age at BMI rebound was 5.3 years (interquartile range: 3.6–6.7 years). A 1-year increase in age at BMI rebound was associated with delayed thelarche (HR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.83–0.97) and menarche (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.79–0.94). The magnitude of these associations remained after adjusting for weight between birth and 2 years, was stronger after adjusting for BMI at age 9, and was stronger in a subset of girls with clinically assessed breast development.

Conclusions
Earlier BMI rebound is associated with earlier pubertal timing. Our observation that BMI rebound may be a driver of pubertal timing in girls with and without a family history of breast cancer provides insight into how growth and pubertal timing are associated with breast cancer risk.
Patients’ knowledge, attitudes and concerns regarding the disposal of expired/unused medication
Authors: Jankie Satish , Barsatee Naveeta , Dookhan Vicky , Sookdeo Kadita , Hernandez Sasha , Villarroel Stuart Arlene 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Unused/expired medicines that are improperly disposed of can enter soil and water supply and have negative implications for public health. This study aimed to assess patients’ knowledge and understanding of medication disposal practices and their willingness to participate in a medication takeback programme.

Methods
A self-administered questionnaire comprising of 26 questions based on demographics, knowledge, beliefs, practices and concerns was utilized in this study. The study was conducted over 12 weeks at outpatient pharmacy sites located in the four Regional Health Authorities in Trinidad. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used for statistical analysis.

Key findings
A total of 547 persons completed the questionnaire. Knowledge of the dangers of improper medication disposal was highest in those aged 18–25 years (P = 0.007) and having secondary/tertiary level education (P = 0.002). Disposal of unused/expired medication via household thrash (86.1%) was the most commonly encountered practice. Only 14.1% (n = 77) of respondents asked the pharmacist for advice on best disposal practice, although 47.3% (n = 259) thought that the pharmacist should be the main source of advice for information on medication disposal practices. There was a willingness to participate in a medicine takeback programme from 82% (n = 449) of the respondents, and the majority (67.5%) (n = 303) would prefer it if medication takeback programmes were implemented at private community pharmacies.

Conclusions
Patients in Trinidad utilized household garbage as their main disposal method. There is a need to implement a medication takeback programme and educate the public on proper medication disposal.
A Quantized Analogue of the Markov–Krein Correspondence
Authors: Goel Gopal K , Yao Andrew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study a family of measures originating from the signatures of the irreducible components of representations of the unitary group, as the size of the group goes to infinity. Given a random signature $\lambda $ of length $N$ with counting measure $\textbf {m}$, we obtain a random signature $\mu $ of length $N-1$ through projection onto a unitary group of lower dimension. The signature $\mu $ interlaces with the signature $\lambda $, and we record the data of $\mu ,\lambda $ in a random rectangular Young diagram $w$. We show that under a certain set of conditions on $\lambda $, both $\textbf {m}$ and $w$ converge as $N\to \infty $. We provide an explicit moment-generating function relationship between the limiting objects. We further show that the moment-generating function relationship induces a bijection between bounded measures and certain continual Young diagrams, which can be viewed as a quantized analogue of the Markov–Krein correspondence.
Lift of the Trivial Representation to a Nonlinear Double Cover
Authors: Tsai Wan-Yu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLet $\widetilde G$ be the nonlinear double cover of the real points of a connected, simply connected, semisimple complex group. In [16], we introduce a set of genuine small representations of $\widetilde G$ with infinitesimal character $\lambda $, denoted $\prod _\lambda ^s (\widetilde G)$. In this paper, we show that $\prod _{\rho /2} ^s (\widetilde G)$ is precisely the set of genuine irreducible representations arising from the Kazhdan–Patterson lifting of the trivial representation, when $\widetilde G$ is simply laced and split.
On Geometry of the Unit Ball of Paley–Wiener Space Over Two Symmetric Intervals
Authors: Ulanovskii Alexander , Zlotnikov Ilya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLet $PW_S^1$ be the space of integrable functions on ${\mathbb {R}}$ whose Fourier transform vanishes outside $S$, where $S = [-\sigma ,-\rho ]\cup [\rho ,\sigma ]$, $0&lt;\rho &lt;\sigma $. In the case $\rho&gt;\sigma /2$, we present a complete description of the set of extreme and the set of exposed points of the unit ball of $PW_S^1$ . The structure of these sets becomes more complicated when $\rho &lt;\sigma /2$.
The Basic de Rham Complex of a Singular Foliation
Authors: Miyamoto David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA singular foliation $\mathcal {F}$ gives a partition of a manifold $M$ into leaves whose dimension may vary. Associated to a singular foliation are two complexes, that of the diffeological differential forms on the leaf space $M / \mathcal {F}$ and that of the basic differential forms on $M$. We prove the pullback by the quotient map provides an isomorphism of these complexes in the following cases: when $\mathcal {F}$ is a regular foliation, when points in the leaves of the same dimension assemble into an embedded (more generally, diffeological) submanifold of $M$, and, as a special case of the latter, when $\mathcal {F}$ is induced by a linearizable Lie groupoid or is a singular Riemannian foliation.
Influence of tedizolid on the cytokine response to the endotoxin challenge in healthy volunteers: a cross-over trial
Authors: Jorda Anselm , Wulkersdorfer Beatrix , Schörgenhofer Christian , Matzneller Peter , Al Jalali Valentin , Bauer Martin , Wölf-Duchek Michael , Lackner Edith , Dorn Christoph , Jilma Bernd , Zeitlinger Markus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Preclinical data suggested anti-inflammatory properties of tedizolid.

Objectives
To investigate the influence of tedizolid on the cytokine response to the human endotoxin challenge and the effect of endotoxaemia on the pharmacokinetics and protein binding of tedizolid.

Methods
In this cross-over trial, 14 male healthy volunteers underwent two treatment periods: (A) 200 mg of tedizolid phosphate once daily for 6 days (3 days orally and 3 days intravenously), followed by an intravenous bolus of 2 ng/kg body weight of LPS on the last treatment day; and (B) intravenous bolus of LPS (2 ng/kg body weight) without concomitant tedizolid treatment. Participants underwent first period A or B, separated by at least 6 weeks. Plasma was sampled to assess cytokines and the pharmacokinetics of tedizolid.

Results
Following the endotoxin challenge, the peak plasma concentration (median [IQR]; 280 [155–502] versus 287 [132–541]  pg/mL; P = 0.875) and AUC0–24 (979 [676–1319] versus 1000 [647–1632]  pg·h/mL; P = 0.638) of interleukin-6 remained unchanged with and without concomitant tedizolid treatment. The peak concentration and AUC0–24 of TNF-α remained also unchanged with and without tedizolid (47 [31–61] versus 54 [27–69]  pg/mL; P = 0.73 and 197 [163–268] versus 234 [146–280]  pg·h/mL; P = 0.875, respectively). The total maximum concentration (mean ± SD; 2.94 ± 0.69 versus 2.96 ± 0.62 mg/L), total AUC0–24 (22.3 ± 3.8 versus 21.1 ± 3.6 mg·h/L) and protein binding (21.4% ± 1.7% versus 21.6% ± 1.9%) of tedizolid were similar with and without the endotoxin challenge.

Conclusions
Tedizolid did not attenuate the LPS-induced cytokine response in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, endotoxaemia did not influence the plasma pharmacokinetics of tedizolid.
Clinical Utility and Analytical Aspects of Direct Measurements of Free Hormones Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods
Authors: Kushnir Mark M , Nelson Heather A , Doyle Kelly 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The free hormone (FH) hypothesis states that hormone action and the corresponding biological effects are mediated by the unbound (free) fraction of hormone in circulation. The in vivo relationship between protein-bound and FH is complex and dynamic. In most individuals, measurement of total hormone (TH) is usually adequate to reflect the hormone status; however, certain physiological conditions and/or medications can affect protein binding and alter FH concentration. In these cases, measurement of FH will provide a better measure of the bioactive hormone status than measurement of the TH. Measurement of FH presents many challenges, as the concentrations are very low and there are number of pitfalls, which may affect the measured concentrations.

Content
In this review, we discuss techniques used in the separation and direct quantitation of FH concentrations in biological samples using mass spectrometry for analysis. We also highlight clinical situations in which FH analysis is warranted and when mass spectrometry should be the preferred methodology over immunoassays.

Summary
Equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration, or size-exclusion separation coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry provides a sensitive and specific method to measure FH concentrations. These direct methods are useful in iatrogenic or physiological states that alter hormone binding or metabolism.
Considerations and best practices in animal science 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing microbiome studies
Authors: Weinroth Margaret D , Belk Aeriel D , Dean Chris , Noyes Noelle , Dittoe Dana K , Rothrock Michael J , Ricke Steven C , Myer Phillip R , Henniger Madison T , Ramírez Gustavo A , Oakley Brian B , Summers Katie Lynn , Miles Asha M , Ault-Seay Taylor B , Yu Zhongtang , Metcalf Jessica L , Wells James E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Microbiome studies in animal science using 16S rRNA gene sequencing have become increasingly common in recent years as sequencing costs continue to fall and bioinformatic tools become more powerful and user-friendly. The combination of molecular biology, microbiology, microbial ecology, computer science, and bioinformatics—in addition to the traditional considerations when conducting an animal science study—makes microbiome studies sometimes intimidating due to the intersection of different fields. The objective of this review is to serve as a jumping-off point for those animal scientists less familiar with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analyses and to bring up common issues and concerns that arise when planning an animal microbiome study from design through analysis. This review includes an overview of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, its advantages, and its limitations; experimental design considerations such as study design, sample size, sample pooling, and sample locations; wet lab considerations such as field handing, microbial cell lysis, low biomass samples, library preparation, and sequencing controls; and computational considerations such as identification of contamination, accounting for uneven sequencing depth, constructing diversity metrics, assigning taxonomy, differential abundance testing, and, finally, data availability. In addition to general considerations, we highlight some special considerations by species and sample type.
A Population-Based Study of Treatment and Survival in Older Glioma Patients
Authors: Reiner Anne S , Lobaugh Stephanie M , Gonen Selin , Diamond Eli L , Panageas Katherine S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Population-based analyses of patterns of care and survival of older patients diagnosed with grade II-III oligodendroglioma (OLI) or astrocytoma (AST) can aid clinicians in their understanding and care of these patients.

Methods
We identified patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2015 with primary glioma diagnoses (OLI or AST) who were older than 65 years using the latest release of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare–linked database. Medicare claims were used to identify cancer treatments (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy) from 2006 to 2016. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used to describe overall survival (OS). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to associate variables of interest, including treatments in a time-dependent manner, with OS. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from multivariable, cause-specific competing risk models identified associations with treatments. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
We identified 1291 patients comprising 158 with OLI, 1043 with AST, and 90 with mixed histologies. Median OS was 6.5 (95% CI = 6.1 to 7.3) months for the overall cohort, 22.6 (95% CI = 13.9 to 33.1) months for OLI, and 5.8 (95% CI = 5.3 to 6.4) months for AST. Patients who received surgery and patients who received both chemotherapy and radiation therapy in combination experienced better OS (HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.96, and HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.96, respectively). Over the time frame studied, there was a 4.0% increase per year in prescription of chemotherapy (P = .03) and a 2.0% improvement in OS for each calendar year (P = .003).

Conclusions
We provide population-based evidence that patients older than 65 years with grade II-III glioma have experienced increased chemotherapy use as well as improvement in survival over time.
The application of natural compounds in uveal melanoma drug discovery
Authors: Niu Yihe , Wang Ke , Zhu Xue , Zhang Stanley , Cherepanoff Svetlana , Conway R Max , Madigan Michele C , Lim Li-Anne , Zhu Ling , Murray Michael , Zhou Fanfan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumour in adults. UM has a poor overall prognosis and ~50% of patients progress to metastatic disease that has a median survival of 5.2 months. There are currently no proven pharmacological treatments for primary or metastatic UM. Research efforts continue to seek new agents. Many natural compounds have shown promising anti-UM activity in in-vitro and/or in-vivo studies. This review summarises the current findings for natural compounds that may be potentially useful in treating UM.

Key findings
Literature suggests that natural compounds, such as pristimerin, picropodophyllin, oridonin, zeaxanthin, withaferin and FR-900359, may be promising candidate compounds to treat UM. Most of these compounds have demonstrated satisfactory efficacy in inhibiting in-vitro UM cell growth.

Summary
The evidence regarding the anti-UM effects of natural compounds is mainly limited to in-vitro studies; to date, only a small number of these agents have been evaluated in vivo. The molecular mechanisms underpinning the anti-UM properties of these compounds remain largely undefined. Further studies are required to evaluate the in-vivo anticancer activity, appropriate dosage regimen and safety of natural compounds that could be developed for use in UM.
Out of Print: Excising and Preserving the Daniel Tradition in Early Printed Greek Bibles
Authors: Grillo Jennie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The life in print of the Greek version of Daniel is a case study in the ways in which editors and printers mediate notional texts into particular material objects shaped by their own contingencies. From antiquity onwards all MSS of the Greek Bible naturally include the ‘Additions’ which distinguish the longer Greek texts from the shorter Hebrew and Aramaic tradition, and this continues into the age of print: the Greek pluses are integral in the first two complete printed Greek Bibles, the Complutensian Polyglot published in 1522 and the Aldine edition of 1518–19. This all changes with Johannes Lonicerus’ 1526/4 Septuagint: Lonicerus excises the ‘additional’ material in the Greek texts of the book of Daniel to create a totally synthetic Greek version, a Greek Bible laid over the template of the Hebrew and trimmed to fit it, yielding a Greek text that had never previously existed in Greek. This practice continues right into the modern scholarly study of the Septuagint, only ending with Tischendorf’s 1850 Septuagint. Yet alongside this pattern of excision is a balancing pattern of persistence, as the motif of the Three Hebrews singing and praying in the fire proves surprisingly difficult to eradicate.
Starch synthase II plays a crucial role in starch biosynthesis and the formation of multienzyme complexes in cassava storage roots
Authors: He Shutao , Hao Xiaomeng , Wang Shanshan , Zhou Wenzhi , Ma Qiuxiang , Lu Xinlu , Chen Luonan , Zhang Peng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Starch is a glucose polymer synthesized by green plants for energy storage and is crucial for plant growth and reproduction. The biosynthesis of starch polysaccharides is mediated by members of the large starch synthase (SS) protein superfamily. Here, we showed that in cassava storage roots, soluble starch synthase II (MeSSII) plays an important role in starch biosynthesis and the formation of protein complexes with other starch biosynthetic enzymes by directly interacting with MeSSI, MeSBEII, and MeISAII. MeSSII-RNAi cassava lines showed increased amylose content and reduced biosynthesis of the intermediate chain of amylopectin (B1 type) in their storage roots, leading to altered starch physicochemical properties. Furthermore, gel permeation chromatography analysis of starch biosynthetic enzymes between wild type and MeSSII-RNAi lines confirmed the key role of MeSSII in the organization of heteromeric starch synthetic protein complexes. The lack of MeSSII in cassava also reduced the capacity of MeSSI, MeSBEII, MeISAI, and MeISAII to bind to starch granules. These findings shed light on the key components of the starch biosynthesis machinery in root crops.
Simulating time-varying strong lenses
Authors: Vernardos G 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a self-consistent and versatile forward modelling software package that can produce time series and pixel-level simulations of time-varying strongly lensed systems. The time dimension, which needs to take into account different physical mechanisms for variability such as microlensing, has been missing from existing approaches and it is of direct relevance to time delay, and consequently H0, measurements and caustic crossing event predictions. Such experiments are becoming more streamlined, especially with the advent of time domain surveys, and understanding their systematic and statistical uncertainties in a model-aware and physics-driven way can help improve their accuracy and precision. Here, we demonstrate the software’s capabilities by exploring the effect of measuring time delays from lensed quasars and supernovae in many wavelengths and under different microlensing and intrinsic variability assumptions. In this initial application, we find that the cadence of the observations and combining information from different wavelengths plays an important role in the correct recovery of the time delays. The mock lenses in time software package is available at https://github.com/gvernard/molet.
Spectral study of the diffuse synchrotron source in the galaxy cluster Abell 523
Authors: Vacca Valentina , Shimwell Timothy , Perley Richard A , Govoni Federica , Murgia Matteo , Feretti Luigina , Giovannini Gabriele , Loi Francesca , Carretti Ettore , Cova Filippo , Gastaldello Fabio , Girardi Marisa , Enßlin Torsten , Akamatsu Hiroki , Bonafede Annalisa , Bonnassieux Etienne , Boschin Walter , Botteon Andrea , Brunetti Gianfranco , Brüggen Marcus , Finoguenov Alexis , Hoang Duy , Iacobelli Marco , Orrú Emanuela , Paladino Rosita , Röttgering Huub , van Weeren Reinout , Vitello Fabio , Wittor Denis 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe galaxy cluster Abell 523 (A523) hosts an extended diffuse synchrotron source historically classified as a radio halo. Its radio power at 1.4 GHz makes it one of the most significant outliers in the scaling relations between observables derived from multiwavelength observations of galaxy clusters: it has a morphology that is different and offset from the thermal gas, and it has polarized emission at 1.4 GHz typically difficult to observe for this class of sources. A magnetic field fluctuating on large spatial scales (∼1 Mpc) can explain these peculiarities but the formation mechanism for this source is not yet completely clear. To investigate its formation mechanism, we present new observations obtained with the LOw Frequency ARray at 120–168 MHz and the Jansky Very Large Array at 1–2 GHz, which allow us to study the spectral index distribution of this source. According to our data the source is observed to be more extended at 144 MHz than previously inferred at 1.4 GHz, with a total size of about 1.8 Mpc and a flux density $S_{\rm 144\, MHz}=(1.52\pm 0.31)$ Jy. The spectral index distribution of the source is patchy with an average spectral index α ∼ 1.2 between 144 MHz and 1.410 GHz, while an integrated spectral index $\alpha \, \sim \, 2.1$ has been obtained between 1.410 and 1.782 GHz. A previously unseen patch of steep spectrum emission is clearly detected at 144 MHz in the south of the cluster. Overall, our findings suggest that we are observing an overlapping of different structures, powered by the turbulence associated with the primary and a possible secondary merger.