bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Degree of Deacetylation of Chitosan/Chitin on Human Neural Stem Cell Culture
Authors: Chang Fei‐Chien , Zhou Yang , James Matthew Michael , Zareie Hadi M. , Ando Yoshiki , Yang Jihui , Zhang Miqin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStem cell therapy and research for neural diseases depends on reliable reproduction of neural stem cells. Chitosan‐based materials have been proposed as a substrate for culturing human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in the pursuit of clinically compatible culture conditions that are chemically defined and compliant with good manufacturing practices. The physical and biochemical properties of chitosan and chitin are strongly regulated by the degree of deacetylation (DD). However, the effect of DD on hNSC behavior has not been systematically investigated. In this study, films with DD ranging from 93% to 14% are fabricated with chitosan and chitin. Under xeno‐free conditions, hNSCs proliferate preferentially on films with a higher DD, exhibiting adherent morphology and retaining multipotency. Lowering the DD leads to formation of neural stem cell spheroids due to unsteady adhesion. The neural spheroids present NSC multipotency protein expression reduction and cytoplasmic translocation. This study provides an insight into the influence of the DD on hNSCs behavior and may serve as a guideline for hNSC research using chitosan‐based biomaterials. It demonstrates the capability of controlling hNSC fate by simply tailoring the DD of chitosan.
Globally generated vector bundles with small c1 on projective spaces, II
Authors: Anghel Cristian , Coandă Iustin , Manolache Nicolae 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe complete the classification of globally generated vector bundles with on projective spaces by treating the case on , . It turns out that there are very few indecomposable bundles of this kind: besides some obvious examples there are, roughly speaking, only the (first twist of the) rank 5 vector bundle which is the middle term of the monad defining the Horrocks bundle of rank 3 on , and its restriction to . We recall, in an appendix, from one of our previous papers, the main results allowing the classification of globally generated vector bundles with on . Since there are many such bundles, a large part of the main body of the paper is occupied with the proof of the fact that, except for the simplest ones, they do not extend to as globally generated vector bundles.
Enhancing the Performance of Electret‐Free Phototransistor Memory by Using All‐Conjugated Block Copolymer
Authors: Yang Wei‐Chen , Chen Yi‐Wen , Yu Yang‐Yen , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Higashihara Tomoya , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConjugated polymers are of great interest owing to their potential in stretchable electronics to function under complex deformation conditions. To improve the performance of conjugated polymers, various structural designs have been proposed and these conjugated polymers are specially applied in exotic optoelectronics. In this work, a series of all‐conjugated block copolymers (PII2T‐b‐PNDI2T) comprising poly(isoindigo–bithiophene) (PII2T) and poly(naphthalenediimide–bithiophene) (PNDI2T) are developed with varied compositions and applied to electret‐free phototransistor memory. Accordingly, these memory devices present p‐type transport capability and electrical‐ON/photo‐OFF memory behavior. The efficacy of the all‐conjugated block copolymer design in improving the memory‒photoresponse properties in phototransistor memory is revealed. By optimizing the composition of the block copolymer, the corresponding device achieves a wide memory window of 36 V and a high memory ratio of 7 × 104. Collectively, the results of this study indicate a new concept for designing electret‐free phototransistor memory by using all‐conjugated block copolymer heterojunctions to mitigate the phase separation of conjugated polymer blends. Meanwhile, the intrinsic optoelectronic properties of the constituent conjugated polymers can be well‐maintained by using an all‐conjugated block copolymer design.
Stakeholders and corporate social responsibility: What makes firms tip over to CSR investments?
Authors: Siyahhan Baran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the growing role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the associated environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors, even corporations within the same industry take a vastly different approach in how they manage CSR. What makes corporations adopt more ESG‐aligned investments? What role do stakeholders play? This paper studies the role of government policy and consumer activism in CSR investments. The model shows the complementary nature between different stakeholders and between different government policy tools in inducing CSR investments. Economic uncertainty can amplify or dampen the effect of government policy and consumer activism. I derive testable implications of the model.
Understanding nonprofit leaders' perceptions of organizational efficiency
Authors: Berrett Jessica L. , Sudweeks Jayce 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith limited resources and increased demand, efficiency is essential for nonprofits. However, there is minimal research into understanding nonprofit leaders' perceptions of efficiency. This study is based on interviews with Habitat for Humanity leaders across the United States. Applying a case study approach with qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics, two key findings emerge. First, some nonprofit leaders are conflating efficiency and effectiveness. Second, in more than half of the cases, nonprofit leaders' perceptions of their organizations' efficiency failed to align with a commonly accepted objective measure of efficiency applied to those organizations. These results raise concerns and have significant implications for nonprofit performance and communication with key stakeholders.
“I Would Purposely Try to Keep them Separated”: Language Ideologies, Language Policy, and Beliefs about Emergent Bilinguals in Career and Technical Education
Authors: Emerick Mark R. , Goldberg Jodie L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the policy context of college and career readiness, career and technical education (CTE) is growing in popularity, especially for students who are underserved in academic high school programs. While CTE has shown promise for some students, very little research exists on its potential for emergent bilingual students (EBs). Thus, building on research of deficit perceptions of EBs and language ideologies (LIs), this study examines how LIs and deficit perspectives are reproduced in CTE contexts across Pennsylvania. Using a sequential mixed‐methods design, we found that, while CTE educators held generally positive attitudes toward EBs, they were influenced by monoglossic language ideology and standard language ideology. These LIs, along with other institutional factors, led educators to implement restrictive language policies within their classrooms. These implications serve to inform how, with a lack of clear language policy within CTE programs, teachers relied on their personal beliefs and reproduced deficit ideologies in the creation of classroom‐level policies.
A review on molecular detection techniques of white spot syndrome virus: Perspectives of problems and solutions in shrimp farming
Authors: Islam Sk Injamamul , Mou Moslema Jahan , Sanjida Saloa , Mahfuj Sarower 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis review aims to provide an update on the current scientific understanding of various aspects of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) formation, diagnostic procedures, transmission, ecological effects, pathophysiology and management strategies. In terms of production and financial benefits, the WSSV has been the most virulent in shrimp and several other crustacean sectors around the globe. It spreads vertically from diseased broodstock to post‐larvae and horizontally by cannibalism, invertebrate vectors, freshwater and sediments. In the transfer of white spot disease (WSD) in newly stocked ponds, the survivability of WSSV in sediment is the most important variable. In typical cultural conditions, it is a highly infectious pathogen capable of inflicting total death within 3–10 days after an outbreak. Some of the current biosecurity strategies used to keep diseases out of shrimp ponds such as pond water disinfection, quarantine of new stocks before stocking and broader usage of specific pathogen‐free shrimp. The sequencing and characterisation of various WSSV strains have provided details about pathogen biology, pathogenicity and disease. To develop successful control methods, knowledge of these characteristics is essential. In several shrimp‐producing countries in Asia and the Americas, the infections produced by the WSSV have had disastrous socio‐economic consequences. As a result of international trade or migration of diseased species, the World Animal Health Organization recognised several illnesses as posing a substantial hazard to farmed shrimp. WSD is receiving much scientific research due to the potential economic effects of the virus. Research is now being done to understand better the molecular biology and pathophysiology of WSSV, as well as how to treat and prevent the virus. However, further study should be conducted in countries with more resilient host species to understand their role in mitigating disease impacts since these revelations may aid in developing a WSD treatment.
Toxoplasma gondiimimicking metastatic neoplasia in a senior indoor‐only cat
Authors: Weng Jennifer , Cridge Harry 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old cat presented for a 1‐week history of dyspnoea. The cat had a history of allergies that were being managed on cyclosporine. Physical examination revealed an increased respiratory rate and effort, and the cat was oxygen dependent. Thoracic radiographs revealed a severe diffuse nodular pulmonary pattern, suggestive of metastatic neoplasia. An abdominal ultrasound was performed to evaluate for a primary mass or evidence of disseminated disease. A 4.3 × 2.2 cm ileocolic mass was noted. Fine‐needle aspirates of the intestinal mass were poorly exfoliative.Toxoplasma gondiititres were performed (IgM <1:20 and IgG >1:20,480). Fine‐needle aspirates of the pulmonary nodules revealed neutrophilic and macrophagic inflammation with large numbers of 2–4 µm, crescent‐shaped organisms, consistent withToxoplasma gondii. Cyclosporine was discontinued and clindamycin was prescribed. The cat was discharged 3 days later. Repeat imaging revealed resolution of the pulmonary and intestinal lesions. Clinical cure was achieved.
On graviton non-Gaussianities in the Effective Field Theory of Inflation
Authors: Cabass Giovanni , Stefanyszyn David , Supeł Jakub , Thavanesan Ayngaran 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We derive parity-even graviton bispectra in the Effective Field Theory of Inflation (EFToI) to all orders in derivatives. Working in perturbation theory, we construct all cubic interactions that can contribute to tree-level graviton bispectra, showing that they all come from EFToI operators containing two or three powers of the extrinsic curvature and its covariant derivatives: all other operators can be removed by field redefinitions or start at higher-order in perturbations. For operators cubic in the extrinsic curvature, where the single-clock consistency relations are satisfied without a correction to the graviton two-point function, we use the Manifestly Local Test (MLT) to efficiently extract the effects of evolving graviton fluctuations to the end of inflation. Despite the somewhat complicated nature of the bulk interactions, the final boundary correlators take a very compact form. For operators quadratic in the extrinsic curvature, the leading order bispectra are a sum of contact and single exchange diagrams, which are tied together by spatial diffeomorphisms, and to all orders in derivatives we derive these bispectra by computing the necessary bulk time integrals. For single exchange diagrams we exploit factorisation properties of the bulk-bulk propagator for massless gravitons and write the result as a finite sum over residues. Perhaps surprisingly, we show these single exchange contributions have only total-energy poles and also satisfy the MLT.
Immune response associated with ischemia and reperfusion injury during organ transplantation
Authors: Tang Qiao , Dong Chong , Sun Qian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is an ineluctable immune-related pathophysiological process during organ transplantation, which not only causes a shortage of donor organs, but also has long-term and short-term negative consequences on patients. Severe IRI-induced cell death leads to the release of endogenous substances, which bind specifically to receptors on immune cells to initiate an immune response. Although innate and adaptive immunity have been discovered to play essential roles in IRI in the context of organ transplantation, the pathway and precise involvement of the immune response at various stages has not yet to be elucidated.

Methods
We combined “IRI” and “organ transplantation” with keywords, respectively such as immune cells, danger signal molecules, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, complement cascade, T cells or B cells in PubMed and the Web of Science to search for relevant literatures.

Conclusion
Comprehension of the immune mechanisms involved in organ transplantation is promising for the treatment of IRI, this review summarizes the similarities and differences in both innate and adaptive immunity and advancements in the immune response associated with IRI during diverse organ transplantation.
Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models: a case study applied to the results of two questionnaires administered to university students
Authors: Correa-Álvarez Cristian David , Salazar-Uribe Juan Carlos , Pericchi-Guerra Luis Raúl 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBayesian multilevel models—also known as hierarchical or mixed models—are used in situations in which the aim is to model the random effect of groups or levels. In this paper, we conduct a simulation study to compare the predictive ability of 1-level Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models with that of 2-level Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models by using the prior Scaled Beta2 and inverse-gamma distributions to model the standard deviation in the 2-level. Then, these models are employed to estimate the correct answers in two questionnaires administered to university students throughout the first academic semester of 2018. The results show that 2-level models have a better predictive ability and provide more precise probability intervals than 1-level models, particularly when the prior Scaled Beta2 distribution is used to model the standard deviation in the second level. Moreover, the probability intervals of 1-level Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models proved to be more precise when Scaled Beta2 distributions, rather than an inverse-gamma distribution, are employed to model the standard deviation or when 1-level Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models, are used.
A novel approach reveals underestimation of productivity in the globally important macroalga, Ascophyllum nodosum
Authors: Lauzon-Guay Jean-Sébastien , Feibel Alison I. , Gibson Malcolm , Mac Monagail Michéal , Morse Bryan L. , Robertson Collette A. , Ugarte Raúl A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAscophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis (Fucales, Fucaceae) is a modular intertidal brown alga that has the particularity of forming an air bladder once a year at the apical tip of the growing shoots. This characteristic provides a means for aging and estimating the growth of individuals. While it has long been recognized that growth can occur in older parts of the frond, this has not been properly assessed until now and has largely been overlooked when calculating the productivity of the species. Recent studies have suggested that the growth and elongation of older segments is minimal and thus has been used to infer past environmental conditions. Here we assessed the length and mass of successive internodal segments from 25 sites spread over both sides of the North Atlantic, covering a wide portion of the distribution of the species. By calculating the ratio of the mass and length of a segment divided by the segment produced the following year, we established that internodal segments continue accumulating mass for 1–5 years and increase in length for 1–3 years at most sites. Segments can almost triple their mass during their second year and more than double their length. These results indicate that previous productivity and growth estimates for A. nodosum based on apical growth alone greatly underestimate the true productivity of the species and its role in coastal carbon cycling. Furthermore, because they grow over several years, internodal segments should not be used to infer past environmental conditions or to reconstruct growth patterns over time.
Algorithmic transparency and interpretability measures improve radiologists’ performance in BI-RADS 4 classification
Authors: Jungmann Friederike , Ziegelmayer Sebastian , Lohoefer Fabian K. , Metz Stephan , Müller-Leisse Christina , Englmaier Maximilian , Makowski Marcus R. , Kaissis Georgios A. , Braren Rickmer F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the perception of different types of AI-based assistance and the interaction of radiologists with the algorithm’s predictions and certainty measures.

Methods
In this retrospective observer study, four radiologists were asked to classify Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System 4 (BI-RADS4) lesions (n = 101 benign, n = 99 malignant). The effect of different types of AI-based assistance (occlusion-based interpretability map, classification, and certainty) on the radiologists’ performance (sensitivity, specificity, questionnaire) were measured. The influence of the Big Five personality traits was analyzed using the Pearson correlation.

Results
Diagnostic accuracy was significantly improved by AI-based assistance (an increase of 2.8% ± 2.3%, 95 %-CI 1.5 to 4.0 %, p = 0.045) and trust in the algorithm was generated primarily by the certainty of the prediction (100% of participants). Different human-AI interactions were observed ranging from nearly no interaction to humanization of the algorithm. High scores in neuroticism were correlated with higher persuasibility (Pearson’s r = 0.98, p = 0.02), while higher consciousness and change of accuracy showed an inverse correlation (Pearson’s r = −0.96, p = 0.04).

Conclusion
Trust in the algorithm’s performance was mostly dependent on the certainty of the predictions in combination with a plausible heatmap. Human-AI interaction varied widely and was influenced by personality traits.

Key Points
• AI-based assistance significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists in classifying BI-RADS 4 mammography lesions.
• Trust in the algorithm’s performance was mostly dependent on the certainty of the prediction in combination with a reasonable heatmap.
• Personality traits seem to influence human-AI collaboration. Radiologists with specific personality traits were more likely to change their classification according to the algorithm’s prediction than others.
Dietary fatty acid intake in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the DIPP birth cohort study
Authors: Hakola Leena , Vuorinen Anna-Leena , Takkinen Hanna-Mari , Niinistö Sari , Ahonen Suvi , Rautanen Jenna , Peltonen Essi J. , Nevalainen Jaakko , Ilonen Jorma , Toppari Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Knip Mikael , Virtanen Suvi M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim was to study the associations between dietary intake of fatty acids in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsThe prospective Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study included children with genetic susceptibility to T1D born between 1996 and 2004. Participants were followed up every 3 to 12 months up to 6 years for diet, islet autoantibodies, and T1D. Dietary intake of several fatty acids at the age of 3 months to 6 years was assessed 1–8 times per participant with a 3-day food record. Joint models adjusted for energy intake, sex, HLA genotype and familial diabetes were used to investigate the associations of longitudinal intake of fatty acids and the development of islet autoimmunity and T1D.ResultsDuring the 6-year follow-up, 247 (4.4%) children of 5626 developed islet autoimmunity and 94 (1.7%) children of 5674 developed T1D. Higher intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.47, 0.82), arachidonic acid (0.69; 0.50, 0.94), totaln-3 fatty acids (0.64; 0.48, 0.84), and long-chainn-3 fatty acids (0.14; 0.04, 0.43), was associated with a decreased risk of islet autoimmunity with and without energy adjustment. Higher intake of total fat (0.73; 0.53, 0.98), and saturated fatty acids (0.55; 0.33, 0.90) was associated with a decreased risk of T1D only when energy adjusted.ConclusionIntake of several fatty acids was associated with a decreased risk of islet autoimmunity or T1D among high-risk children. Our findings support the idea that dietary factors, includingn-3 fatty acids, may play a role in the disease process of T1D.
Vibration energy harvesting for cars: semi-active piezo controllers
Authors: Pepe G. , Doria A. , Roveri N. , Carcaterra A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnergy harvesting represents one of the recent challenging subjects related to vibration and control. The scale of energy harvesters and storage can involve a wide power range, and the scale of some milliwatt is the elective field of piezoelectric applications. This paper investigates the power frontiers of the piezoelectric-based harvesters applied to automotive units. The analysis, supported by experimental data, aims at estimating the upper bound of the specific power of this technology for powering small devices on board cars. Passive optimally tuned piezoelectric harvester and semi-active controlled ones are compared, based on a new control strategy named VFC-Variational Feedback Control, recently developed by the authors. This new technique makes it possible to increase the total energy storage drained from car vibrations. However, the real advantage for their use relies on a sharp balance between the harvested power and the costs for the additional hardware mass transport. Numerical simulations of circuitry and experimental vibration data provides references to assess the energy convenience in installing this type of devices on board.