bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolving state of food security in Nigeria amidst the COVID-19 pandemic – A review
Authors: Agbugba Ikechi K. , Agbagwa Sunday K. , Anumudu Christian K. , Ekwebelem Osmond C. , Al-Sharify Zainab T. , Isaac-Bamgboye Folayemi J. , Onyeaka Helen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a variety of challenges to Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, especially in the area of health protection, food security, and availability. Food security is a concept that encompasses the availability and accessibility of safe nutritious foods to everyone and is dependent on the maintenance of the food supply chain. The food security status of Nigeria, a developing country that previously was problematic, has been worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic through several fronts including the disruption of the food supply chain, reduced agricultural output as a result of the global lockdown, and lack of access to agricultural facilities and products, such as fertilisers, manpower, and restrictive policies. These factors have generally resulted in food scarcity and price inflations, which increasingly threaten the political and economic stability of households within the country, leading to an insecure future for the people. This review examines how the food security status of households in Nigeria has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of the lockdown and changing business environment on farmers’ food production operations and marketing activities. It further evaluates the pandemics impacts on agro-industrial projects and governments’ efforts in making the agriculture sector more sustainable. Strategies to improve local food production, accessibility and availability, through interventions, including financial incentives/grants to farmers, the revival of moribund agricultural agencies, and encouraging local production and processing of foods are explored.
The role of analytical chemistry in poultry science
Authors: Kosobucki Przemysław , Studziński Waldemar , Zuo Sanling 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Due to the intensification of food production methods, an increase in the importance of analytical chemistry can be observed. Analytical chemistry is on the one hand a scientific activity that brings new elements to the methodology of analytical chemistry, e.g. theoretical fundamentals of analytical methods, and on the other hand, this field of chemistry cannot exist without practical applications. Currently, it is used in all aspects of our life, including food production of particular importance.
Scipione Gonzaga, Fürst von Bozzolo, kaiserlicher Gesandter in Rom 1634–1641
Authors: Becker Rotraud 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the first half of the 17th century, the image of the imperial embassy in Rome was dominated by the long-standing service of the brothers Paolo and Federico Savelli. In comparison, the period in between, during which Scipione Gonzaga held the office, has left hardly any traces. Yet a closer look at his years of service reveals the political problems of those years and shows the prince of Bozzolo to be a committed diplomat. Furthermore, the circumstances of his life show the envoy’s activity in an unusual context, that of a lower-ranking prince in Imperial Italy who sought to gain stature for the empire in order to maintain the limited power attained by himself and his family, and to improve their overall status by acquiring another ancestral entail that had fallen into other hands. Beyond his personal involvement in the costly office, his brothers and other relatives placed themselves at the service of the empire and also entered a network of influential noble families close to the imperial court through marriage. The Gonzaga reigns in Bozzolo and Mantua ended with the War of the Spanish Succession. However, the social and cultural influence they had accumulated lasted longer. Through their family connections, the relatives of the former imperial envoy contributed to the pervasive adoption of the Italian language and way of life, which had become established among the upper classes of Austria, Bohemia and Hungary and remained dominant throughout the reign of Emperor Leopold I.
La ricerca sulle fonti e le sue sfide
Authors: Rando Daniela 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This essay presents a reflection on the so-called auxiliary sciences, starting from the volume published by the Monumenta Germaniae Historica on the occasion of its foundation 200 years ago. The papers of the volume are integrated into the broader international debate on the prospects of medieval studies, both in relation to the „digital turn“ and to the risk that the Middle Ages will become marginalized in university curricula and „irrelevant“ to contemporary society and politics.
Accounting for Bias in the Estimation ofr2between Two Sets of Noisy Neural Responses
Authors: Pospisil Dean A. , Bair Wyeth 
Published: November 2022

The Pearson correlation coefficient squared,r2, is an important tool used in the analysis of neural data to quantify the similarity between neural tuning curves. Yet this metric is biased by trial-to-trial variability; as trial-to-trial variability increases, measured correlation decreases. Major lines of research are confounded by this bias, including those involving the study of invariance of neural tuning across conditions and the analysis of the similarity of tuning across neurons. To address this, we extend an estimator,r̂ER2, that was recently developed for estimating model-to-neuron correlation, in which a noisy signal is compared with a noise-free prediction, to the case of neuron-to-neuron correlation, in which two noisy signals are compared with each other. We compare the performance of our novel estimator to a prior method developed by Spearman, commonly used in other fields but widely overlooked in neuroscience, and find that our method has less bias. We then apply our estimator to demonstrate how it avoids drastic confounds introduced by trial-to-trial variability using data collected in two prior studies (macaque, both sexes) that examined two different forms of invariance in the neural encoding of visual inputs—translation invariance and fill-outline invariance. Our results quantify for the first time the gradual falloff with spatial offset of translation-invariant shape selectivity within visual cortical neuronal receptive fields and offer a principled method to compare invariance in noisy biological systems to that in noise-free models.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTQuantifying the similarity between two sets of averaged neural responses is fundamental to the analysis of neural data. A ubiquitous metric of similarity, the correlation coefficient, is attenuated by trial-to-trial variability that arises from many irrelevant factors. Spearman recognized this problem and proposed corrected methods that have been extended over a century. We show this method has large asymptotic biases that can be overcome using a novel estimator. Despite the frequent use of the correlation coefficient in neuroscience, consensus on how to address this fundamental statistical issue has not been reached. We provide an accurate estimator of the correlation coefficient and apply it to gain insight into visual invariance.
The Neural Signature of Impaired Inhibitory Control in Individuals with Heroin Use Disorder
Authors: Ceceli Ahmet O. , King Sarah G. , McClain Natalie , Alia-Klein Nelly , Goldstein Rita Z. 
Published: November 2022

Heroin addiction imposes a devastating toll on society, with little known about its neurobiology. Excessive salience attribution to drug over nondrug cues/reinforcers, with concomitant inhibitory control decreases, are common mechanisms underlying drug addiction. Although inhibitory control alterations generally culminate in prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypoactivations across drugs of abuse, patterns in individuals with heroin addiction (iHUDs) remain unknown. We used a stop-signal fMRI task designed to meet recent consensus guidelines in mapping inhibitory control in 41 iHUDs and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Despite group similarities in the stop-signal response time (SSRT; the classic inhibitory control measure), compared with HCs, iHUDs exhibited impaired target detection sensitivity (proportion of hits in go vs false alarms in stop trials;p= 0.003). Additionally, iHUDs exhibited lower right anterior PFC (aPFC) and dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) activity during successful versus failed stops (the hallmark inhibitory control contrast). Lower left dlPFC/supplementary motor area (SMA) activity was associated with slower SSRT specifically in iHUDs and lower left aPFC activity with worse target sensitivity across all participants (p< 0.05 corrected). Importantly, in iHUDs, lower left SMA and aPFC activity during inhibitory control was associated with shorter time since last use and higher severity of dependence, respectively (p< 0.05 corrected). Together, results revealed lower perceptual sensitivity and hypoactivations during inhibitory control in cognitive control regions (e.g., aPFC, dlPFC, SMA) as associated with task performance and heroin use severity measures in iHUDs. Such neurobehavioral inhibitory control deficits may contribute to self-control lapses in heroin addiction, constituting targets for prevention and intervention efforts to enhance recovery.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHeroin addiction continues its deadly impact, with little known about the neurobiology of this disorder. Although behavioral and prefrontal cortical impairments in inhibitory control characterize addiction across drugs of abuse, these patterns remain underexplored in heroin addiction. Here, we illustrate a significant behavioral impairment in target discrimination in individuals with heroin addiction compared with matched healthy controls. We further show lower engagement during inhibitory control in the anterior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (key regions that regulate cognitive control) as associated with slower stopping, worse discrimination, and heroin use measures. Mapping the neurobiology of inhibitory control in heroin addiction for the first time, we identify potential treatment targets inclusive of prefrontal cortex-mediated cognitive control amenable for neuromodulation en route to recovery.
Microglial TNFα orchestrates protein phosphorylation in the cortex during the sleep period and controls homeostatic sleep
Authors: Pinto Maria J , Cottin Léa , Dingli Florent , Laigle Victor , Ribeiro Luís F , Triller Antoine , Henderson Fiona , Loew Damarys , Fabre Véronique , Bessis Alain 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSleep intensity is adjusted by the length of previous awake time, and under tight homeostatic control by protein phosphorylation. Here, we establish microglia as a new cellular component of the sleep homeostasis circuit. Using quantitative phosphoproteomics of the mouse frontal cortex, we demonstrate that microglia‐specific deletion of TNFα perturbs thousands of phosphorylation sites during the sleep period. Substrates of microglial TNFα comprise sleep‐related kinases such as MAPKs and MARKs, and numerous synaptic proteins, including a subset whose phosphorylation status encodes sleep need and determines sleep duration. As a result, microglial TNFα loss attenuates the build‐up of sleep need, as measured by electroencephalogram slow‐wave activity and prevents immediate compensation for loss of sleep. Our data suggest that microglia control sleep homeostasis by releasing TNFα which acts on neuronal circuitry through dynamic control of phosphorylation.
Structural and biochemical basis of interdependent FANCI‐FANCD2 ubiquitination
Authors: Lemonidis Kimon , Rennie Martin L , Arkinson Connor , Chaugule Viduth K , Clarke Mairi , Streetley James , Walden Helen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDi‐monoubiquitination of the FANCI‐FANCD2 (ID2) complex is a central and crucial step for the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks via the Fanconi anaemia pathway. While FANCD2 ubiquitination precedes FANCI ubiquitination, FANCD2 is also deubiquitinated at a faster rate than FANCI, which can result in a FANCI‐ubiquitinated ID2 complex (IUbD2). Here, we present a 4.1 Å cryo‐EM structure of IUbD2 complex bound to double‐stranded DNA. We show that this complex, like ID2Ub and IUbD2Ub, is also in the closed ID2 conformation and clamps on DNA. The target lysine of FANCD2 (K561) becomes fully exposed in the IUbD2‐DNA structure and is thus primed for ubiquitination. Similarly, FANCI's target lysine (K523) is also primed for ubiquitination in the ID2Ub‐DNA complex. The IUbD2‐DNA complex exhibits deubiquitination resistance, conferred by the presence of DNA and FANCD2. ID2Ub‐DNA, on the other hand, can be efficiently deubiquitinated by USP1‐UAF1, unless further ubiquitination on FANCI occurs. Therefore, FANCI ubiquitination effectively maintains FANCD2 ubiquitination in two ways: it prevents excessive FANCD2 deubiquitination within an IUbD2Ub‐DNA complex, and it enables re‐ubiquitination of FANCD2 within a transient, closed‐on‐DNA, IUbD2 complex.
XAF1 prevents hyperproduction of type I interferon upon viral infection by targeting IRF7
Authors: Liu Bao‐qin , Liu Rong‐bei , Li Wen‐ping , Mao Xin‐tao , Li Yi‐ning , Huang Tao , Wang Hao‐li , Chen Hao‐tian , Zhong Jiang‐yan , Yang Bing , Chai Ren‐jie , Cao Qian , Jin Jin , Li Yi‐yuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 and IRF7 are master regulators of type I interferon (IFN‐I)‐dependent antiviral innate immunity. Upon viral infection, a positive feedback loop is formed, wherein IRF7 promotes further induction of IFN‐I in the later stage. Thus, it is critical to maintain a suitably low level of IRF7 to avoid the hyperproduction of IFN‐I. In this study, we find that early expression of IFN‐I‐dependent STAT1 promotes the expression of XAF1 and that XAF1 is associated specifically with IRF7 and inhibits the activity of XIAP. XAF1‐knockout and XIAP‐transgenic mice display resistance to viral infection, and this resistance is accompanied by increases in IFN‐I production and IRF7 stability. Mechanistically, we find that the XAF1‐XIAP axis controls the activity of KLHL22, an adaptor of the BTB‐CUL3‐RBX1 E3 ligase complex through a ubiquitin‐dependent pathway. CUL3‐KLHL22 directly targets IRF7 and catalyzes its K48‐linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. These findings reveal unexpected functions of the XAF1‐XIAP axis and KLHL22 in the regulation of IRF7 stability and highlight an important target for antiviral innate immunity.
A genome‐wide association study identifies a transporter for zinc uploading to maize kernels
Authors: Chao Zhen‐Fei , Chen Yuan‐Yuan , Ji Chen , Wang Ya‐Ling , Huang Xing , Zhang Chu‐Ying , Yang Jun , Song Tao , Wu Jia‐Chen , Guo Liang‐Xing , Liu Chu‐Bin , Han Mei‐Ling , Wu Yong‐Rui , Yan Jianbing , Chao Dai‐Yin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Zn content in cereal seeds is an important trait for crop production as well as for human health. However, little is known about how Zn is loaded to plant seeds. Here, through a genome‐wide association study (GWAS), we identify the Zn‐NA (nicotianamine) transporter gene ZmYSL2 that is responsible for loading Zn to maize kernels. High promoter sequence variation in ZmYSL2 most likely drives the natural variation in Zn concentrations in maize kernels. ZmYSL2 is specifically localized on the plasma membrane facing the maternal tissue of the basal endosperm transfer cell layer (BETL) and functions in loading Zn‐NA into the BETL. Overexpression of ZmYSL2 increases the Zn concentration in the kernels by 31.6%, which achieves the goal of Zn biofortification of maize. These findings resolve the mystery underlying the loading of Zn into plant seeds, providing an efficient strategy for breeding or engineering maize varieties with enriched Zn nutrition.
Acetate supplementation restores cognitive deficits caused by ARID1A haploinsufficiency in excitatory neurons
Authors: Liu Pei‐Pei , Dai Shang‐Kun , Mi Ting‐Wei , Tang Gang‐Bin , Wang Zhuo , Wang Hui , Du Hong‐Zhen , Tang Yi , Teng Zhao‐Qian , Liu Chang‐Mei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMutations in AT‐rich interactive domain‐containing protein 1A (ARID1A) cause Coffin‐Siris syndrome (CSS), a rare genetic disorder that results in mild to severe intellectual disabilities. However, the biological role of ARID1A in the brain remains unclear. In this study, we report that the haploinsufficiency of ARID1A in excitatory neurons causes cognitive impairment and defects in hippocampal synaptic transmission and dendritic morphology in mice. Similarly, human embryonic stem cell‐derived excitatory neurons with deleted ARID1A exhibit fewer dendritic branches and spines, and abnormal electrophysiological activity. Importantly, supplementation of acetate, an epigenetic metabolite, can ameliorate the morphological and electrophysiological deficits observed in mice with Arid1a haploinsufficiency, as well as in ARID1A‐null human excitatory neurons. Mechanistically, transcriptomic and ChIP‐seq analyses demonstrate that acetate supplementation can increase the levels of H3K27 acetylation at the promoters of key regulatory genes associated with neural development and synaptic transmission. Collectively, these findings support the essential roles of ARID1A in the excitatory neurons and cognition and suggest that acetate supplementation could be a potential therapeutic intervention for CSS.
Ficoflórula associada a macrófitas aquáticas em lagoas temporárias do semiárido da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Baião Viviam Maria de Araujo , Affe Helen Michelle de Jesus , Caires Taiara Aguiar , Leite Kelly Regina Batista , Nunes José Marcos de Castro 
Published: November 2022

O semiárido brasileiro abrange áreas territoriais de oito Estados, desde o Nordeste até o norte de Minas Gerais, apresentando duas estações climáticas bem definidas durante o ano, uma chuvosa (dezembro a abril), e outra seca (maio a novembro). Durante o curto período chuvoso são formadas as lagoas temporárias, ecossistemas que abrigam uma flora bastante peculiar de macrófitas, adaptadas às condições de alta incidência luminosa e a sazonalidade pluviométrica da região. Associada a essa flora aquática, ocorre uma rica comunidade perifítica, que inclui, por exemplo, bactérias, fungos, pequenos metazoários e, especialmente, uma ampla diversidade de microalgas e cianobactérias. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar a ficoflórula perifítica associada às macrófitas aquáticas de lagoas temporárias do semiárido baiano. A amostragem foi realizada em seis lagoas temporárias, localizadas ao longo da BA-052 (Estrada do Feijão), nos municípios de Ipirá (1 lagoa), Morro do Chapéu (3 lagoas), Baixa Grande (1 lagoa) e na BA-143, no Município de Piritiba (1 lagoa), nos meses de julho e setembro de 2013. Foram identificadas sete espécies de macrófitas e 43 táxons de microalgas e cianobactérias perifíticas. Este estudo pioneiro contribui para o preenchimento de lacunas de conhecimento sobre o perifíton de lagoas temporárias, evidenciando que, embora efêmeros, em função do padrão sazonal de chuvas, abrigam uma importante diversidade de macrófitas, bem como uma rica ficoflora. Estes produtores primários são essenciais para o funcionamento desses habitats temporários, proporcionando serviços ecossistêmicos para populações humanas, bem como contribuindo para a biodiversidade de regiões semiáridas.
PELATIHAN PENGELASAN DASAR SMAW PADA SISWA SMK DIPONEGORO KARANGANYAR KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN HARD SKILL
Authors: Yono Budi 
Published: November 2022

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini sebagi peningkatan kemampuan dalam bidang pengelasan dasar SMAW. Peserta kegiatan ini adalah siswa SMK diponegoro Kecamatan Karang Anyar Kabupaten Pekalongan.Metode kegiatan yang akan disampaikan kepada siswa SMK Diponegoro KarangAnyar kabupaten Pekalongan dalam bentuk peningkatkan pemahaman pengelasan SMAW, siswa juga dibekali cara menyambung logam dengan posisi T . Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini menghasilkan sebagai berikut : (1). Meningkatkan sumber daya manusia khususnya SMK yang memiliki keahlian profesional dengan ketrampilan, pengetahuan , serta etos kerja yang tinggi. (2). Mengenalkan siswa pada pekerjaan sistem pengelasan listrik SMAW pada dunia industri sehingga pada saatnya mereka terjun ke lapangan pekerjaan yang sesungguhnya dapat beradaptasi dengan cepat (3) Mempersiapkan sumber daya manuasia berkualitas yang sesuai dengan smk diponegoro Karang anyar disimpulkan sebagai berikut : (1). Dengan adanya kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat di SMK Diponegoro Karang Anyar Kabupaten Pekalongan maka memberikan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan diSMK Diponegoro Karang Kabupaten Pekalongan sesuai dengan standar BNSP. (2) memperkenal peralatan mesin las listrik yang cara pemakaianya dengan mudah sesuai dengan prosudur keselamatan Kerja.Kata Kunci : Pengelasan , SMAW , Pengabdian Abstrak The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the ability in the field of basic SMAW welding. Participants of this activity are students of SMK Diponegoro, Karang Anyar District, Pekalongan Regency. The method of activity that will be conveyed to students of SMK Diponegoro KarangAnyar, Pekalongan district is in the form of increasing understanding of SMAW welding, students are also provided with how to join metal with the T position. This community service activity resulted in the following: (1). Improve human resources, especially vocational schools, which have professional expertise with high skills, knowledge and work ethic. (2). Introducing students to the work of the SMAW electric welding system in the industrial world so that at the time they go to work fields that can actually adapt quickly (3) Preparing quality human resources in accordance with SMP Diponegoro Karang Anyar is concluded as follows: (1). With the existence of community service activities at SMK Diponegoro Karang Anyar, Pekalongan Regency, it provides knowledge, understanding and education at SMK Diponegoro Karang, Pekalongan Regency in accordance with BNSP standards. (2) Introducing electric welding machine tools that use them easily in accordance with work safety procedures.Keywords: Welding, SMAW, Community Service
Five Cs as reflective learning attitude among Philippines nursing students
Authors: Acob Joel Rey Ugsang , Setiya Dewi Yulis , Arifin Hidayat 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Philosophical viewpoints from the first-hand source regarded as the best inception of COVID-19 knowledge are not widely explored. Humanity’s understanding grounded on experiences becomes substantial only when stringent documentation of any events is performed carefully. COVID-19 as a phenomenon and as an ongoing struggle has myriad global impacts; hence the study aims to explore the understanding of nursing students’ stances regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in their daily life.
Methods: The study used a qualitative study design with online survey. A total of 41 nursing students were recruited through total sampling technique. The study was conducted to students in a university in the Philippines. Interview guidelines used open questions and were spread online. The data were subjected to thematic analysis.
Results: The thematic analysis revealed five organizing themes, such as communication, commitment, care, collaboration, and change. Those themes were found among nursing students’ stance regarding the COVID-19 phenomenon.
Conclusions: The communication, commitment, care, collaboration, and change as development of a crisis-induced framework from study findings satisfies the essential finding that the pandemic is likewise giving rise to a new normal. Moreover, the results assist nursing students and other health-inspired domains to effectively maintain positivity amidst catastrophic climates.