bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High levels of C‐reactive protein‐to‐albumin ratio (CAR) are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in early stage
Authors: Liu Zishuai , Zhang Rongling , Zhou Wei , Ma Ruize , Han Leqiang , Zhao Zhe , Ge Ziruo , Ren Xingxiang , Zhang Wei , Sun Aijun , Chen Zhihai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractC‐reactive protein‐to‐albumin ratio (CAR) can be used to assess the prognosis of various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between CAR on the prognosis of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). This study included 155 SFTS patients from the Public Health Clinical Center of Dalian from January to December 2021. They were divided into survival and deceased groups based on the clinical prognosis. The independent risk factors for poor prognosis of SFTS patients at an early stage were determined by Cox regression. The efficacy of CAR prediction was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of 155 patients were included in this study, with an average age of 61.98± 11.70 years, including 77 males and 65 females. The mortality rate of the patients enrolled in this study was 14.19%. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that CAR (hazard ratio = 2.585, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.405–4.753, p = 0.002) could be an independent predictor for prognosis in SFTS patients at an early stage. CAR had an AUC of 0.781 (95% CI, 0.665–0.898, p = 0.000), a cutoff value of 0.57, a sensitivity of 0.77, and a specificity of 0.80, with better predictive efficacy, compared to neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR). High levels of CAR are associated with poor prognosis in SFTS patients, and CAR can be used as an independent predictor for SFTS patients.
Relations between in vitro starch digestibility of commercial baked products and their macronutrients
Authors: Li Cheng , Li Enpeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBaked products such as biscuits and breads are the staple foods for a large population, with the starch digestion rate having a crucial effect on human health. Currently, there is a lack of information on general starch digestibility in commercial baked products and its correlation with macronutrient content.ResultsThe present study investigated the starch digestibility of 35 commercial baked products, ranging from low to high moisture contents. Biscuits generally had a slower starch digestion rate than mini‐breads, whereas breads including whole wheat bread had the fastest digestion rate. Additionally, starch digestibility was negatively correlated with the calorie (R2 = 0.71) and fat content (R2 = 0.56) in per serving size, possibly because of the formation of amylose‐lipid complex.ConclusionThe present study provides a database for the in vitro starch digestibility of a large number of food items, which gives general indications on the performance of starch components of commercial products in the human gastrointestinal tract. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Diffractive Nonlocal Metasurfaces
Authors: Overvig Adam , Alù Andrea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetasurfaces are ushering in an era of multifunctional control over optical wavefronts realized with ultrathin planarized devices. Recent advances have been enabling unprecedented control over the frequency response of these surfaces, suggesting that the future of flat optics may tailor both spectral and spatial degrees of freedom in highly multispectral and multifunctional devices. Diffractive nonlocal metasurfaces are opening new opportunities in this direction: they leverage symmetry‐protected scattering from quasi‐bound states in the continuum and, by spatially manipulating controlled geometric perturbations, they support ultrasharp optical responses with wavefront‐manipulating features. Encoded in nonlocal (i.e., spatially extended) resonant modes, the resulting response is observed exclusively within the bandwidth of the resulting Fano resonance, affording ideal features for a wide range of applications. In this perspective, this novel class of metasurfaces are discussed in the broader context of flat optics, highlighting their peculiar operation in contrast to relevant predecessors, and highlighting the opportunities for future advancement and applications. In particular, it is emphasized that nonlocality and selectivity are inherently related, but that spectral and spatial selectivity can be independently tuned in suitably tailored metasurfaces. In turn, this freedom allows the design and implementation of both wavefront‐shaping and wavefront‐selective devices. The novel optical responses, combined with the compatibility with rational design, herald new prospects for active, nonlinear and quantum metasurfaces, ultrathin devices for augmented reality, and compact tailored optical sources.
Spectral Narrowing and Enhancement of Directional Emission of Perovskite Light Emitting Diode by Microcavity
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Yang Chenying , Fan Zhuping , Chen Xu , Chen Zeng , Su Yirong , Zhu Hanbo , Sun Fangling , Jiang Tingming , Zhu Wenjuan , Shen Weidong , He Jianjun , Zhu Haiming , Liu Xu , Yang Yang (Michael) 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted much attentions due to the superior optoelectronic properties such as pure spectrum, high photoluminescence quantum yield, tunable emission, and ease of fabrication. Though lots of progresses have been made on PeLEDs and optically pumped lasers, microcavity perovskite lasing device under electrical pumping remains extremely challenging. Microcavity perovskite LEDs can be considered as a step toward laser diode due to the common structure of resonant cavity. In this study, a new type of metal‐dielectric microcavity PeLED is designed and fabricated by using 2.5 pairs of TiO2/SiO2 distributed bragg reflector (DBR) and Al as cavity coplanar mirrors. A microcavity device with forward spectral full‐width at half‐maximum of 11.8 and 9.5 nm, under electrical and optical excitations, respectively, the directional forward emission within 30° is enhanced by 3 times compared to the control device without cavity is realized. To the best of the knowledge, this study demonstrates the narrowest spectrum for three‐demisional PeLEDs so far, it helps to expand the color space in display applications and may also serve as a reference device for solution processed perovskite exciton–polariton electroluminescent devices and electrically driven vertical cavity surface emitting lasers due to the similar device structure and processing.
Quantum Interference in Wilkinson Power Dividers
Authors: Hernández Osmery , Ortega‐Gomez Angel , Bravo Mikel , Liberal Iñigo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractScaling up quantum technologies entails the challenge of developing large‐scale and high‐performance photonic quantum networks. Engineering novel optical components, with a compact footprint and advanced functionalities, might help addressing this challenge by reducing the size and complexity of optical networks. Here, quantum interference phenomena in Wilkinson power dividers (WPDs), a popular element of microwave networks, is investigated. It is theoretically demonstrated that WPDs grant access to coherent perfect absorption (CPA) quantum state transformations (single photon CPA, coherent absorption of N00N states, two‐photon nonlinear absorption, and absorption of coherence in squeezed light) in CPA networks with a smaller footprint and a reduced number of elements. Additionally, it is shown how a WPD can be designed in a pure silicon‐on‐insulator platform by taking advantage of radiative losses. These findings might represent an important step forward in the development of CPA quantum networks.
Broadband Multichannel Cylindrical Vector Beam Generation by a Single Metasurface
Authors: Wen Dandan , Pan Kai , Meng Jiajun , Wu Xuanguang , Guo Xuyue , Li Peng , Liu Sheng , Li Dong , Wei Bingyan , Xie Xin , Yang Dexing , Zhao Jianlin , Crozier Kenneth B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBeams with spatially‐varying polarization states have been the topic of much interest recently due to the unusual ways in which they can interact with matter. Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) represent the most commonly used type and feature cylindrically‐symmetric polarization distributions. The optical systems employed thus far for their generation have usually only been able to produce a single CVB. To generate and observe multiple CVBs, bulky optical systems with stringent alignment tolerances have been needed. Here, a method to generate an array of CVBs using a single optical element, namely a transmission‐mode dielectric metasurface, is demonstrated. The incident light is split into an array of left and right‐handed circularly polarized vortex beams that superpose with a controllable phase difference. An array of CVBs with 12 channels over a broad wavelength range is experimentally demonstrated. This study's method produces a significant increase in the number of polarization channels compared to previous reports and solves the long‐standing challenge of unequal intensity distributions. It furthermore improves the flexibility of the vector field control by not only generating CVBs of different orders but also controlling their polarization rotation. This method may pave the way for applications in optical communications, laser machining, and optical trapping.
Engagement in vice food and beverage consumption: The role of perceived lack of control
Authors: Lunardo Renaud , Jaud David , Jaspers Esther 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrior research has established a link between lacking control over one's life, the resulting stress, and the maladaptive outcome of eating disorders. However, such research has left unexamined the exact link among perceptions of control, stress, and unhealthy food choices. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying the exact sequence linking these variables and explaining why stress induced by low control leads to engagement in vice food consumption. Based on self‐licensing theory, we predict that a perceived lack of control indirectly prompts people to engage in vice food and beverage consumption, because a lack of control leads to higher personal stress and, consequently, a need to escape through self‐indulgence. Across one survey‐based study in France and two experiments (in the United States and the United Kingdom), we find consistent support for our hypothesis. The results support the prediction that a perceived lack of control increases the consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages. Specifically, when consumers feel a lack of control over their life, they experience stress, seek an escape from this stress, and end up self‐indulging through the consumption of vice food and beverages. For public policy‐makers and brand managers, the results suggest that having people perceive more control over their life is of particular importance to staying healthy.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyelectrolyte‐Triazine Gels Using Cation–π Interactions and Multiple Hydrogen Bonds for Adjustable Interfacial Adhesion
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Chen Hanyu , Peng Xueyin , Li Dapeng , Wang Wei , Chen Mengfan , Hu Dezheng , Long Shijun , Huang Yiwan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe poor adhesion performance of typical gels still remains a challenge to find a simple method to achieve strong and reversible adhesion with the existence of water. Here, a poly(acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride‐co‐2‐vinyl‐4‐6‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine) (P(DAC‐co‐VDT)) gel with high and adjustable interfacial adhesion is fabricated by combining cation‐triazine π interaction and multiple hydrogen bonding and through a one‐pot route. Characterization of the gels reveals that the two types of interactions are introduced into the gel network and that the gel–gel and gel–glass interfacial adhesion can be readily adjusted in a wide range from 15.98 to 123.60 kPa. This approach enables the creation of high‐strength composites using P(DAC‐co‐VDT) gel as matrix, anionic monomer sodium p‐styrene sulfonate as ion concentration adjustor, and discrete quartz sands as filler with easy and repeated moldability and self‐healing capability.
Assessing growth of infants with chylothorax receiving fortified skimmed human breast milk
Authors: Clark Brittani , Froh Melissa , Karls Catherine , Feuling Mary Beth , Goday Praveen , Uhing Michael , Handler Stephanie S. , Nghiem‐Rao T. Hang , Polzin Elizabeth 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLearning OutcomeTo learn how skimmed human milk (SHM) can be used in infants with chylothorax to support adequate weight gain and nutrition while receiving human milk.BackgroundTraditional nutrition management for chylothorax is to limit long‐chain triglycerides (LCTs) and provide a diet high in medium‐chain triglycerides (MCTs). Transition from human milk to formula has been required to provide the ratio of MCT to LCT required to stop the accumulation of chyle. Although SHM may provide the right fat content for a baby with chylothorax, previous studies have shown slow growth in infants receiving SHM.ObjectiveTo demonstrate that infants receiving SHM fortified with high‐MCT infant formula will have age appropriate growth without re‐accumulation of chyle.Design/MethodsBetween 2017 and 2019, term infants with the diagnosis of chylothorax who were previously receiving human milk and transitioned to fortified SHM were monitored for growth and reaccumulation of chyle.ResultsThe six infants who were prescribed fortified SHM with high‐MCT infant formula using standardized recipes did not show reaccumulation of chyle and showed positive weight gain in five of the six study patients. The infants gained a mean weight of 30.5 g/day (±19.5), and their weight z scores improved by a mean of +0.29 (±0.33).ConclusionsFortified SHM is a safe treatment option that can provide adequate nutrition for the infant with chylothorax to gain weight appropriately for age.
Enteral nutrition tolerance in patients receiving neuromuscular blockade
Authors: Sabino Kim M. , Bridgman Ellen , Deming Kaitlyn , Deming Maria , Fuller Julie , Parker Kristen , Mueller Jane , Nadler Evan , Wakefield Dotty 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundNutrition support is an essential part of critical care medicine. It is commonly accepted that for the critically ill patient, enteral nutrition (EN) is favored. For the patient who receives neuromuscular blockades, EN may be held, or initiation delayed, because of concerns for EN intolerance. We hypothesized there would be no difference in EN tolerance between groups receiving cisatracurium while receiving EN compared with those not receiving cisatracurium.MethodsThis was a retrospective study that included 459 patients from a combined medical and surgical intensive care unit. There were 44 patients who received cisatracurium with EN and 415 who received EN alone. Data collected included gastric residual volume (GRV) and emesis occurrences, new‐onset abdominal pain, new or worsening abdominal distention, and bowel ischemia.ResultsThere were more patients with new or worsening abdominal distention in the group receiving cisatracurium (31.82% vs 14.94%; P < 0.01) as well as occurrences of GRV > 300 ml (P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding emesis, new‐onset abdominal pain, or bowel ischemia.ConclusionOur findings suggest that it is acceptable to provide patients with EN who are receiving cisatracurium.
Influence of chopped fibers on the interfacial bonding of glass fiber reinforced epoxy skin/polyurethane core in a sandwich composite
Authors: Devaraj Selwyn Jebadurai , Arputham Arul Jeya Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn sandwich composites, interfacial bonding between face sheets and core has to be strengthened to prevent debonding. In this work, sandwich composites with polyurethane core and glass fiber reinforced epoxy face sheets were prepared by vacuum infusion process. Chopped fibers of glass, carbon, and kevlar with length 12 mm were introduced between core and face sheets during fabrication in order to improve face‐core bonding. The influence of chopped fibers is investigated by testing flexural, compressive, shear, and fracture toughness properties of prepared specimens according to ASTM standards. Sandwich specimens with chopped glass fibers exhibited, superior interfacial bonding between the face and the core and hence improved the mechanical properties of sandwich composite. The chopped glass fiber embedded sandwich composite has an increased flexural strength of 32.77% and compressive strength of 21.43% when compared with plain sandwich composite. In addition, the shear strength and fracture toughness behavior of specimens with chopped glass fibers are superior when compared to other chopped fibers incorporated in the interfacial region. The interfacial region between skin and core was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chopped glass fibers in the interfacial region showed better adhesion property along with the epoxy.
Enhancing the thermal and electrical conductivities of silicone rubber composites by constructing a 1D‐3D collaborative network
Authors: Wang Yang , Chen Shubin , Cai Yanchao , Lin Tengfei , Gao Min , Zhao Chunlin , Wu Xiao , Lin Cong , Zhai Rongyang , Liu Jie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe construction of conduction pathways is considered to be a crucial issue for the thermal and electric transfer ability improvement of silicon rubber. Fabricating three‐dimensional (3D) conductive scaffolds is attractive for rapid heat and electricity conduction in silicon composites. In the present work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and conductive sponges (CSs) were chosen to construct a 1D‐3D collaborative network in a silicone matrix. Novel silicone rubber composites with preferable thermal and electrical conductivity properties were fabricated. The morphology, thermostability, electroconductibility, and mechanical properties were studied. This kind of silicone‐based composite with high thermal and electrical conductivity has broad applications for thermal management in emerging electronic devices.
Auxiliary functional group diffusion dialysis membranes for acid recovery
Authors: Cheng Congliang , Shen Hai Yang , Gong Yifei , Chen Wei , Li Ping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnion exchange membranes with auxiliary group were prepared by quaternized brominated polyphenylene oxide and hydroxyl tertiary amine. The basic properties of the membrane were characterized using ion exchange capacity, water content, linear expansion rate, thermal weight loss, acid resistance and microstructure of membrane, and so forth. The application of the membrane in the recovery of acid by diffusion dialysis (DD) was also explored showing the excellent comprehensive performance where the dialysis coefficient of HCl (UH+) increases from 0.011 to 0.033 m/h, but the separation factor (S) is over 35.6. Comparing with the commercial DF‐120 membrane (0.009 m/h, 18.5), the auxiliary hydroxyl with group can improve DD performance of the membrane markedly. Our finding shows the membranes with auxiliary hydroxyl group developed here have great potential for high‐efficiency acid recovery by diffusion dialysis.
Bench‐stable potassium complexes for living and isoselective ring‐opening polymerization of rac‐lactide
Authors: Ren Fangping , Li Xinlei , Xian Ji , Han Xinning , Cao Luya , Pan Xiaobo , Wu Jincai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo develop bench‐stable and nontoxic catalysts for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of lactides is of importance with the aim of reducing costs in industrial production. Although, recently, some potassium complexes have been reported for the living polymerization of rac‐lactide (rac‐LA), the moisture sensitivities of these complexes prevent their further applications in the mild polymerization condition. In this work, three bench‐stable potassium phenolates as isoselective catalysts for the ROP of rac‐LA were reported, and the moisture stability of these complexes does not inhibit their high activity under mild conditions even in the presence of trace water (2.0 equivalent relative to the catalysts) or unpurified solvents. The controllable polymerization reactions can afford polylactides with desirable molecular weights, which can be high up to Mn = 80.0 kg/mol at an anhydrous condition and Mn = 54.3 kg/mol in presence of trace water. A best isoselectivity of Pm = 0.83 also can be achieved in this system at −70°C.
On degree based topological indices of self‐assembled tetraphenylethylene and terpyridine rosettes
Authors: P Noah Antony Daniel Renai , S Roy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA technique is described to compute topological indices for supramolecular rosettes of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and terpyridine (TPY) ligands with its applications on physicochemical and biological properties. This technique, we have applied to a self‐assembled TPE and TPY supramolecular graphs which is obtained in the form of rosette cycles. Also these type of rosettes graph finds significant applications in electrical sensors, light emitting diodes, bioimaging and photoelectric devices, and so forth. As regarded to the next generation sensing applications with a typical induced aggregative emission behavior, tetraphenylethylene can be utilized in constructing fluorescent probes. For this supramolecular systems we have done a work by computing some topological indices such as the variants of Zagreb Index, Randić Index, Sum Connectivity Index, ABC Index, and Harmonic Index.
Effects of aging and oviductal hormones on testes, epididymides, and sperm of hamster
Authors: Miyashita Manami , Fujinoki Masakatsu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeAging is a major cause of decreased fertility. Using hamster, we examined the effects of aging on testes, epididymides, and sperm. Additionally, we examined whether progesterone (P4), melatonin (Mel) and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) mitigated effects of aging on sperm.MethodsYoung (10–16 weeks), Adult (5–7 months), Aged (13–15 months), and Old (19–22 months) hamsters were used. Weights of bodies, testes, and epididymides were measured. Testes and epididymides were studied by histological microscopy. Sera were obtained to determine testosterone concentrations. Sperm were analyzed by video‐microscopy.ResultsBy aging, body weights increased but weights of testes and epididymides decreased. Most hamsters were normozoospermia, although several old hamsters were azoospermia. In testes and epididymides, desquamation and structures resembling residual bodies (SRRBs) were observed. Although desquamation was not always related to aging, SRRBs occurred by aging. Testosterone concentrations were not changed in normozoospermic hamsters, but it was significantly reduced in old azoospermic hamster. Aging significantly reduced sperm ability to exhibit hyperactivation. Additionally, aging significantly increased the straight‐line velocity (VSL). P4, Mel, and 5‐HT lessened the reduction in sperm hyperactivation and the increasing of VSL.ConclusionAging reduces qualities of testes, epididymides, and sperm, and P4, Mel, and 5‐HT recover reduced quality of sperm.