bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 as moral breakdown: Entangled ethical demands experienced by hospital‐based nurses in the early onset of the pandemic
Authors: Mejdahl Caroline Trillingsgaard , Nielsen Berit Kjærside , Mehlsen Mimi Yung , Hollesen Maj Rafn , Pedersen Mathilde Zilén , Engkjær‐Trautwein Georgij , Funch Louise Vase , Terkildsen Morten Deleuran 
Published: June 2022

Abstract2020 saw the rapid onset of a global pandemic caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. For healthcare systems worldwide, the pandemic called upon quick organization ensuring treatment and containment measures for the new virus disease. Nurses were seen as constituting a vital instrumental professional component in this study. Due to the pandemic's unpredictable and potentially dangerous nature, nurses have faced unprecedented risks and challenges. Based on interviews and free text comment from a survey, this study explores how ethical challenges related to “being a nurse” during the COVID‐19 pandemic was experienced and understood by Danish hospital‐based nurses. Departing from anthropologist Jarett Zigon's notion of moral breakdown, the study demonstrates how the rapid onset of the pandemic constitutes a moral breakdown raising ethical demands for nurses. Analytically we identify three different ethical demands experienced by the nurses. These ethical demands are Nursing and societal ethical demands, Nursing and personal ethical demands, and Nursing and conflicting ethical demands. These demands represent not only very different understandings of ethical demands but also different understandings of ethical acts that are seen as necessary to respond to these demands.
Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to the host
Authors: Berry Kirsten A. , Verhoef Mackenzie T. A. , Leonard Allison C. , Cox Georgina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a pathobiont capable of colonizing and infecting most tissues within the human body, resulting in a multitude of different clinical outcomes. Adhesion of S. aureus to the host is crucial for both host colonization and the establishment of infections. Underlying the pathogen's success is a complex and diverse arsenal of adhesins. In this review, we discuss the different classes of adhesins, including a consideration of the various adhesion sites throughout the body and the clinical outcomes of each infection type. The development of therapeutics targeting the S. aureus host–pathogen interaction is a relatively understudied area. Due to the increasing global threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial that innovative and alternative approaches are considered. Neutralizing virulence factors, through the development of antivirulence agents, could reduce bacterial pathogenicity and the ever‐increasing burden of S. aureus infections. This review provides insight into potentially efficacious adhesion‐associated targets for the development of novel decolonizing and antivirulence strategies.
Investigating machine learning's capacity to enhance the prediction of career choices
Authors: Song Q. Chelsea , Shin Hyun Joo , Tang Chen , Hanna Alexis , Behrend Tara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVocational interest measurement has long played a significant role in work contexts, particularly in helping individuals make career choices. A recent meta‐analysis indicated that interest inventories have substantial validity for predicting career choices. However, traditional approaches to interest inventory scoring (e.g., profile matching) typically capture broad, or average relations between vocational interests and occupations in the population, yet may not be accurate in capturing the specific relations in a given sample. Machine learning (ML) approaches provide a potential way forward as they can effectively take into account complexities in the relation between interests and career choices. Thus, this study aims to enhance the accuracy of interest inventory‐based career choice prediction through the application of ML. Using a large sample (N = 81,267) of employed and unemployed participants, we compared the prediction accuracy of a traditional interest profile method (profile matching) to a new machine‐learning augmented method in predicting occupational membership (for employed participants) and vocational aspirations (for unemployed participants). Results suggest that, compared to the traditional profile method, the machine‐learning augmented method resulted in higher overall accuracy for predicting both types of career choices. The machine‐learning augmented method was especially predictive of job categories with high base rates, yet underpredicted job categories with low base rates. These findings have practical implications for improving the utility of interest inventories for organizational practice, contributing to areas such as employee development, recruitment, job placement, and retention.
Nowcasting COVID-19 Deaths in England by Age and Region
Authors: Seaman Shaun R. , Samartsidis Pantelis , Kall Meaghan , De Angelis Daniela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the trajectory of the daily number of COVID-19 deaths is essential to decisions on how to respond to the pandemic, but estimating this trajectory is complicated by the delay between deaths occurring and being reported. In England the delay is typically several days, but it can be weeks. This causes considerable uncertainty about how many deaths occurred in recent days. Here we estimate the deaths per day in five age strata within seven English regions, using a Bayesian model that accounts for reporting-day effects and longer-term changes in the delay distribution. We show how the model can be computationally efficiently fitted when the delay distribution is the same in multiple strata, for example, over a wide range of ages.
Treatment of an edentulous patient over 23 years showing the influence of systemic health on oral health and quality of life
Authors: Ettinger Ronald L , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis case history follows the treatment of a 61‐year‐old edentulous woman over a period of 23 years. The patient was wearing complete dentures for 25 years prior to treatment, was in pain, and having difficulty eating. Many treatments were tried, including multiple soft liners, hydroxyapatite to improve her mandibular ridge, and finally an implant‐supported‐overdenture. However, in spite of using all the technical procedures and materials available to us at the time of treating the patient, we were unable to sustain the comfort and quality of life for this patient. This happened because of the severe resorption of her mandible, with an intolerance to occlusal loading, and the continuous deterioration of her systemic health.
Active Structural Control of Base-Isolated Building Using Equivalent-Input-Disturbance Approach With Reduced-Order State Observer
Authors: Miyamoto Kou , She Jinhua , Nakano Satoshi , Sato Daiki , Chen Yinli 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Active base isolation has been studied in the last few decades to improve the control performance of base isolation. As a two-degree-of-freedom active disturbance-rejection method, the equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) approach shows its validity for structural control. It uses a state observer to estimate the effect of disturbances on a control input channel. However, since the model of a base-isolated building has high degrees-of-freedom, the resulting control system has a high order. Thus, the use of a full-order state observer results in the complexity of a control-system implementation. To solve this problem, this paper presents an EID control system that uses a reduced-order state observer (ROSO) to reduce the expense of control-system implementation and ensure system reliability. First, the condition of using an ROSO in an EID control system is derived, and the configuration of an ROSO-based EID control system is presented. Next, the concept of perfect regulation is used to design the gain of the state observer. A stability condition of the system with prescribed control performance is derived in the form of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) that is used to design the gain of the state feedback. Finally, the seismic control of a base-isolated building demonstrates the validity of the method.
New Parameter for Analysis of Ionospheric Disturbances and the Search for Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes Based on Barbier’s Formula
Authors: Pulinets S. A. , Khegai V. V. , Legen’ka A. D. , Korsunova L. P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A new relative parameter (δBarbier) is proposed for the analysis of ionospheric disturbances and the search for ionospheric precursors of earthquakes. The parameter is derived on the basis of the semiempirical Barbier’s formula, in which directly and simultaneously measured ionospheric parameters are used: the critical frequency of F2 layer of the ionosphere foF2 and the virtual minimum height of F region h'F. The time prior to a 6.2-magnitude earthquake that occurred in the vicinity of the ground-based station of vertical ionospheric sounding MAUI (Hawaii) on June 26, 1989, is considered as an example of the use of this parameter and its interpretation. We show that δBarbier ≤ 0 during dark hours, from 2000 to 0400 local time, against the geomagnetically quiet background (Kp ≤ 2+) on June 25, 1989, i.e., the day before the earthquake. This behavior is interpreted as a decrease (as compared to the median) in the glow intensity of the atomic oxygen O(1D) emission in the red line (630 nm) estimated from ionospheric data, which is associated with the dissociative recombination of $${\text{O}}_{2}^{ + }$$ ions at altitude of the F region during this time. The studied effect can be seismogenic and can serve an ionospheric precursor of an earthquake.
Intratumoral delivery of dendritic cells plus anti-HER2 therapy triggers both robust systemic antitumor immunity and complete regression in HER2 mammary carcinoma
Authors: Ramamoorthi Ganesan , Kodumudi Krithika , Snyder Colin , Grover Payal , Zhang Hongtao , Greene Mark I , Basu Amrita , Gallen Corey , Wiener Doris , Costa Ricardo L B , Han Hyo S , Koski Gary , Czerniecki Brian J 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeted antibodies in combination with chemotherapy has improved outcomes of HER2 positive (pos) breast cancer (BC) but toxicity of therapy remains a problem. High levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with increased pathologic complete responses for patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Here we sought to investigate whether delivery of intratumoral (i.t.) multiepitope major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II HER2 peptides-pulsed type I polarized dendritic cells (HER2-DC1) in combination with anti-HER2 antibodies without chemotherapy could enhance tumor regression by increasing anti-HER2 lymphocyte infiltration into the tumor.MethodsBALB/c mice bearing orthotopic TUBO tumors, BALB/c mice bearing subcutaneous (s.c.) CT26 hHER2 tumors, or BALB-HER2/neu transgenic mice were all treated with i.t. or s.c. HER2-DC1, anti-HER2 antibodies, paclitaxel, T-DM1 or in combination. Immune response, host immune cells and effector function were analyzed using flow cytometry, interferon-γ ELISA and cytokine/chemokine arrays. The contributions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were assessed using depleting antibodies and FcγR KO mice. Molecular changes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot.ResultsHER2-DC1 combined with anti-HER2 antibodies delivered i.t. compared to s.c. induced complete tumor regression in 75–80% of treated mice, with increased tumor infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T, B, natural killer T cells (NKT) and natural killer cells, and strong anti-HER2 responses in all HER2pos BC models tested. The therapy caused regression of untreated distant tumors. Labeled HER2-DC1 migrated prominently into the distant tumor and induced infiltration of various DC subsets into tumors. HER2-DC1 i.t. combined with anti-HER2 antibodies displayed superior antitumor response compared to standard chemotherapy with anti-HER2 antibodies. Lasting immunity was attained which prevented secondary tumor formation. The presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and ADCC were required for complete tumor regression. In the HER2pos BC models, HER2-DC1 i.t. combined with anti-HER2 antibodies effectively diminished activation of HER2-mediated oncogenic signaling pathways.ConclusionsHER2-DC1 i.t. with anti-HER2 antibodies mediates tumor regression through combined activation of T and B cell compartments and provides evidence that HER2-DC1 i.t. in combination with anti-HER2 antibodies can be tested as an effective alternative therapeutic strategy to current chemotherapy and anti-HER2 antibodies in HER2pos BC.
The freighted social histories of HIV and hepatitis C: exploring service providers’ perspectives on stigma in the current epidemics
Authors: valentine kylie , Smith Anthony K J , Persson Asha , Gray Rebecca , Bryant Joanne , Hamilton Myra , Wallace Jack , Drysdale Kerryn , Newman Christy E 
Published: June 2022

A virus has a social history. In the case of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV, this history is one involving stigma and discrimination, advocacy and activism, and recent dramatic improvements in treatment. These social histories influence the experience of people who live with the viruses, and those who work with them. One aspect of this is the impact of social changes on the biographical disruption and integration brought about by illness. Healthcare practitioners who see significant improvements in the effectiveness of treatment for a condition over the course of their professional life will incorporate those changes into their own history and their relationship to that condition.This article is based on a study of the experiences of serodiscordance, or mixed infection status, in families living with HIV and two types of viral hepatitis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. The article explores the perspectives of healthcare workers who work with people affected by these viruses, who were asked about their experiences in working with serodiscordance in families. Interviews revealed that changing social meanings given to bloodborne viruses, and changes to treatment over time, held a significant place in the accounts that service providers gave of their work. In asking them to describe their work with HIV and HCV, we were also asking about work that has been shaped by changing patterns and sources of stigma, and recently reshaped by changes in treatment and outcomes. While typically the experiences of patients and their families are used to investigate the social histories of diagnosis and stigma, the professional perspectives and life stories of the service providers who work with them are also revealing. We heard accounts in which histories as well as current regimes were prominent, illuminated further by insights from the sociology of health on narrative and biographical disruption.
Testing, Validation, and Verification of Robotic and Autonomous Systems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Araujo Hugo , Mousavi Mohammad Reza , Varshosaz Mahsa 
Published: June 2022

We perform a systematic literature review on testing, validation, and verification of robotic and autonomous systems (RAS). The scope of this review covers peer-reviewed research papers proposing, improving, or evaluating testing techniques, processes, or tools that address the system-level qualities of RAS.Our survey is performed based on a rigorous methodology structured in three phases. First, we made use of a set of 26 seed papers (selected by domain experts) and the SERP-TEST taxonomy to design our search query and (domain-specific) taxonomy. Second, we conducted a search in three academic search engines and applied our inclusion and exclusion criteria to the results. Respectively, we made use of related work and domain specialists (50 academics and 15 industry experts) to validate and refine the search query. As a result, we encountered 10,735 studies, out of which 195 were included, reviewed, and coded.Our objective is to answer four research questions, pertaining to (1) the type of models, (2) measures for system performance and testing adequacy, (3) tools and their availability, and (4) evidence of applicability, particularly in industrial contexts. We analyse the results of our coding to identify strengths and gaps in the domain and present recommendations to researchers and practitioners.Our findings show that variants of temporal logics are most widely used for modelling requirements and properties, while variants of state-machines and transition systems are used widely for modelling system behaviour. Other common models concern epistemic logics for specifying requirements and belief-desire-intention models for specifying system behaviour. Apart from time and epistemics, other aspects captured in models concern probabilities (e.g., for modelling uncertainty) and continuous trajectories (e.g., for modelling vehicle dynamics and kinematics).Many papers lack any rigorous measure of efficiency, effectiveness, or adequacy for their proposed techniques, processes, or tools. Among those that provide a measure of efficiency, effectiveness, or adequacy, the majority use domain-agnostic generic measures such as number of failures, size of state-space, or verification time were most used. There is a trend in addressing the research gap in this respect by developing domain-specific notions of performance and adequacy. Defining widely accepted rigorous measures of performance and adequacy for each domain is an identified research gap.In terms of tools, the most widely used tools are well-established model-checkers such as Prism and Uppaal, as well as simulation tools such as Gazebo; Matlab/Simulink is another widely used toolset in this domain.Overall, there is very limited evidence of industrial applicability in the papers published in this domain. There is even a gap considering consolidated benchmarks for various types of autonomous systems.
Activator Protein Accelerates Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Gene Transcription in Cancer Cells
Authors: Ukon Kei , Tanimoto Keiji , Shimokuni Tatsushi , Noguchi Takuya , Hiyama Keiko , Tsujimoto Hiroaki , Fukushima Masakazu , Toge Tetsuya , Nishiyama Masahiko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase is the most extensively investigated predictive marker for individual response to 5-fluorouracil. Clinical responses to the anticancer agent, along with various reports, have clearly shown that dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity is closely correlated to its mRNA levels, but the regulatory mechanisms of its expression have remained unclear. We attempted to clarify the mechanisms and found that activator protein (AP-1) is probably one of the key factors in the transcriptional regulation of DPYD in cancer cells, and that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus ionomycin treatment enhances transcription of DPYD via AP-1 activation. In this study, we characterized our previously subcloned 5′ region of human DPYD, an ∼3.0-kb fragment (accession no. AB162145). Luciferase reporter assay showed that the clone showed strong promoter activities in 293T and HSC42 cells, and comparative analysis using 5′ deletion mutants suggested the existence of several positive and negative regulatory regions, including putative binding sites for AP-1, SP-1, and nuclear factor-κB. PMA/ionomycin treatment increased the mRNA level of DPYD in HSC42 cells, and electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay showed that the complex on the putative AP-1 binding site was drastically induced by PMA/ionomycin treatment. The complexes formed were competed out by preincubation with the cold-consensus AP-1 binding site, and the DNA binding complex formed on the site contained c-Jun and c-Fos, which are components of AP-1 transcription factor. We further identified the functional AP-1 binding site (nucleotide positions from −290 to −280), whose nucleotide mutations abolished PMA/ionomycin-induced DPYD promoter activation.
Diverse CD8+ T-Cell Responses to Renal Cell Carcinoma Antigens in Patients Treated with an Autologous Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Gene-Transduced Renal Tumor Cell Vaccine
Authors: Zhou Xianzheng , Jun Do Youn , Thomas Amy Morck , Huang Xin , Huang Lan-Qing , Mautner Josef , Mo Wa , Robbins Paul F. , Pardoll Drew M. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA phase I clinical trial with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor tumor cell vaccines in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) showed immune cell infiltration at vaccine sites and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to autologous tumor cells indicative of T-cell immunity. To further characterize RCC T-cell responses and identify relevant RCC-associated antigens, we did a detailed analysis of CD8+ T-cell responses in two vaccinated RCC patients who generated the greatest magnitude of DTH response and also displayed a strong clinical response to vaccination (&gt;90% reduction in metastatic tumor volume). Three separate CD8+ T-cell lines (and subsequent derived clones) derived from patient 24 recognized distinct RCC-associated antigens. One recognized a shared HLA-A*0201-restricted antigen expressed by both renal cancer cells and normal kidney cells. This recognition pattern correlated with a positive DTH test to normal kidney cells despite no evidence of impairment of renal function by the patient's remaining kidney after vaccination. A second line recognized a shared HLA-C7-restricted antigen that was IFN-γ inducible. A third line recognized a unique HLA-A*0101-restricted RCC antigen derived from a mutated KIAA1440 gene specific to the tumor. In addition, two independent CTL lines and three clones were also generated from patient 26 and they recognized autologous tumor cells restricted through HLA-A*0205, HLA-A/B/C, and HLA-B/C. These results show that paracrine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor tumor vaccines may generate a diverse repertoire of tumor-reactive CD8+ T-cell responses and emphasize the importance of polyvalency in the design of cancer immunotherapies.
Flat Dysplastic Aberrant Crypt Foci Are Related to Tumorigenesis in the Colon of Azoxymethane-Treated Rat
Authors: Paulsen Jan Erik , Løberg Else Marit , Ølstørn Hege Benedikte , Knutsen Helle , Steffensen Inger-Lise , Alexander Jan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We evaluated the role of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as biomarkers of colon cancer by studying the sequential development (6-28 weeks) from early lesion to tumor in the colon of azoxymethane-exposed F344 rats (15 mg/kg bw × 2). Surface examination of unsectioned methylene blue–stained colon preparations, transilluminated in the inverse light microscope, revealed two types of early lesions: classic elevated ACF and small flat lesions, which we denoted flat ACF and which were characterized by bright blue staining, compressed crypt openings, and crypts not elevated above the surrounding mucosa. At a later stage, the crypts surrounding large flat ACF became enlarged, a change that slightly raised the structure; principally, large flat ACF and nascent tumors displayed the same surface morphology. Furthermore, flat ACF with 18.6 ± 10.6 crypt/focus and tumors showed a uniform picture of severe dysplasia with frequent presence of Paneth cells, compressed crypts, cytoplasmic/nuclear overexpression of β-catenin, and nuclear overexpression of cyclin D1. In contrast, classic elevated ACF with 5.3 ± 2.5 crypts/focus did not display such changes: they showed mainly hyperplasia, mild or moderate dysplasia but never severe dysplasia. Along the time course, the number of flat ACF + tumors, including microscopic and macroscopic, was virtually constant, ∼2.5 lesions/rat. The number of classic elevated ACF was initially ∼180 lesions/rat and terminally ∼80 lesions/rat. Flat ACF grew significantly faster than classic elevated ACF. In conclusion, our data indicate a continuous developmental growth from small flat dysplastic ACF to the stage of a tumor. In contrast, classic elevated ACF do not seem to be as closely related to tumorigenesis.