bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Grid Resilience Against Extreme Weather Using Large-Scale Customer Power Outage Data
Authors: Zhu Shixiang , Yao Rui , Xie Yao , Qiu Feng , Qiu Yueming (Lucy) , Wu Xuan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent decades, the weather around the world has become more irregular and extreme, often causing large-scale extended power outages. Resilience - the capability of withstanding, adapting to, and recovering from a large-scale disruption - has become a top priority for the power sector. However, the understanding of power grid resilience still stays on the conceptual level mostly or focuses on particular components, yielding no actionable results or revealing few insights on the system level. This study provides a quantitatively measurable definition of power grid resilience, using a statistical model inspired by patterns observed from data and domain knowledge. We analyze a large-scale quarter-hourly historical electricity customer outage data and the corresponding weather records, and draw connections between the model and industry resilience practice. We showcase the resilience analysis using three major service territories on the east coast of the United States. Our analysis suggests that cumulative weather effects play a key role in causing immediate, sustained outages, and these outages can propagate and cause secondary outages in neighboring areas. The proposed model also provides some interesting insights into grid resilience enhancement planning. For example, our simulation results indicate that enhancing the power infrastructure in a small number of critical locations can reduce nearly half of the number of customer power outages in Massachusetts. In addition, we have shown that our model achieves promising accuracy in predicting the progress of customer power outages throughout extreme weather events, which can be very valuable for system operators and federal agencies to prepare disaster response.
A Feasibility (pilot) Mixed Methods Study of an Innovative Non-Pharmacological Breath-Based Yoga and Social Emotional Intervention Program in an At-Risk Youth Sample in London, Canada
Authors: vasudev akshya , Ionson Emily , Sathiaselan Janani , Thatipalli Anurag , Chauhan Aman , Watt Christine , Sukhera Javeed , Speechley Mark , Forchuk Cheryl 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Various service provision models for youth at risk of homelessness have been researched and implemented, including access to housing, physical and mental health resources, etc. However, even with these interventions we remain unaware regarding how best to manage symptoms of depression and anxiety and the rate of drug use in these populations primarily because of lack of feasibility data.
Methods: This paper presents the results of a mixed-methods study in London, Canada, that examined the feasibility of implementing a biopsychosocial intervention, SKY Schools, in at-risk youth aged between 16-25 (n=49). The study also recorded qualitative responses about the program’s usefulness from the perspective of the service users. The SKY Schools intervention consisted of social-emotional learning combined with Sudarshan Kriya Yoga, a standardized yoga-based breathing exercise routine. The intervention program was divided into two phases; an active learning phase and a reinforcement phase.
Results: The results demonstrated that it is feasible to conduct a definitive trial in this population due to a high retention rate (61.2%) and overall positive feedback.
Conclusions: Future researchers may consider the feedback received when designing a randomized control trial to further assess efficacy and tolerability.
Trial Registration: Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier NCT02749240. Registered April 22, 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02749240
Remote Detection of a Lunar Granitic Batholith at Compton-Belkovich
Authors: Siegler Matthew , Fang Jianqing , Lehman-Franco Katelyn , Andrews-Hanna Jeffrey , Economos Rita , Clair Michael St. , Million Chase , III James Head , Glotch Timothy , White Mackenzie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Granites are nearly absent in the Solar System outside of Earth. Achieving granitic compositions in magmatic systems requires multi-stage melting and fractionation, which also increase radiogenic element concentrations. Water and plate tectonics facilitate these processes on Earth, aiding in remelting. Although these drivers are absent on the Moon, small granite samples have been found, but details of their origin and the scale of systems they represent are unknown. We report microwave-wavelength measurements of an anomalously hot geothermal source that is best explained by the presence of a ~50 km diameter granitic system below the thorium-rich, farside feature known as Compton-Belkovich. Passive microwave radiometry is sensitive to the integrated thermal gradient to several wavelengths depth. The 3-37 GHz antenna temperatures of the Chang’E 1 and 2 microwave instruments allow us to measure peak heat flux of ~184 mWm^-2; ~20 times higher than the average lunar highlands. The surprising magnitude and geographic extent of this feature imply an Earth-like, evolved granitic system larger than believed possible on the Moon, especially outside of the Procellarum region. Furthermore, these methods are generalizable: similar uses of passive radiometric data could vastly expand our knowledge of geothermal processes on the Moon and other planetary bodies.
Histological, Haematological, and thyroid hormones toxicity of oral exposure to CuO/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles in female rats
Authors: Mohammed Raghad S. , Aadim Kadhim A. , Ahmed Khalid A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Advancements in nanomedicine helped scientists design a new class of nanoparticles known as hybrid nanoparticles (core/shell) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. An essential requirement for the successful use of nanoparticles in biomedical applications is their low toxicity. Therefore, toxicological profiling is necessary to understand the mechanism of nanoparticles. The current study aimed to assess the toxicological potential of CuO/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles with a size of 30 nm in Albino female rats. In vivo toxicity was evaluated by oral administration of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 (mg/L) of CuO/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles to a female rate for 30 consecutive days. The toxicological evaluation revealed significant (p < 0.01) alteration in white blood cells (WBC) at a 5 (mg/L) dose. Also, increase in red blood cells (RBC) at 5, 10 (mg/L) doses, while hemoglobin (Hb) levels and hematocrit (HCT) increased at all doses. This maybe indicates that the CuO/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles stimulated the rate of blood corpuscle generation. The anaemia diagnostic indices (mean corpuscular volume MCV and mean corpuscular haemoglobin MCH) remained unchanged throughout the experiment for all the doses tested 5, 10, 20, and 40 (mg/L). Significant (p < 0.01) growth retardation in all groups treated due to rats' infection by Hyperthyroidism induced by thyroxine (T4) level increase. The histological examination indicates that the low concentrations of CuO/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles are safe for desired biomedical applications.
Association of multi-heavy metals exposure and lung function in a typical rural cohort of Northwest China
Authors: Zheng Ling , Yu Yunhui , Tian Xiaoyu , He Li , Shan Xiaobing , Niu Jingping , Yan Jun , Luo Bin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Heavy metal exposure is associated with decreased lung function, but the relationship between metals co-exposure and lung function in rural areas of northwest China remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the effects of single or co-exposure of heavy metals on lung function in a rural cohort of northwest China.
Methods
All participants were recruited from the Dongdagou-Xinglong (DDG-XL) rural cohort of Gansu province. Urine levels of 10 common heavy metals were detected, including cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), stibium (Sb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn). The lung function was detected by measuring percentages of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%) as well as the ratio of FEV1/FVC. We also analyzed the association between heavy metals and pulmonary ventilation dysfunction (PVD). Restricted cubic spline, logistic regression, linear regression and bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to analyze the relationship between heavy metals exposure and lung function.
Results
Finally, a total of 382 participants were included in this study with the average age of 56.69 ± 7.32 years, 82.46% of them used solid fuels for heating and cooking. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher concentration of Hg, Mn, Sb and lower Mo may be risk factors for PVD. And linear regression showed that FEV1% and FVC% were negatively correlated with Sb, Hg, Mn, but positively correlated with Mo. Through BKMR model, we found the lung function decreased with the increase of heavy metals concentration. In addition, Hg and Mn made an enormous contribution to the decline of lung function. Simultaneously, subgroup analyses showed that the males, the people with BMI ≥ 24kg/m2 and used solid fuels showed a higher risk of PVD when exposed to Co, Zn and Hg.
Conclusions
This study found that heavy metals exposure were associated with impairment of lung function regardless of single exposure or co-exposure, particularly for Hg and Mn.
Identifying Clinical Features, Frailty and Treatment Responses of Late-onset Axial Spondiloarthritis
Authors: Bayrak esra dilsat 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of sacroiliac joints and spine and affects patients in second and third decades of life. However, the incidence of this group of diseases has increased in advanced age.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to broaden the current knowledge about late onset axSpA and compare clinical features with early-onset patients.
Methods: A total of 123 axSpA patients (42 late-onset axSpA, 81 early-onset axSpA) recruited in the study. Patients with symptoms began after 50 years or older were classified as late-onset axSpA. Patients baseline clinical and radiological findings, HLA B27 status, CRP results were recorded. Disease activity was measured by BASDAI index. To assess frailty in late-onset patients, CSF scale was used. Late-onset axSpA patients were reevaluated for frailty after 6 months of treatment.
Results: Female gender was predominant in late-onset axSpA (n:35/42). 57,1%patients were nr-axSpA. Late-onset patients had higher frequency of female gender (p:0,000), peripheral arthritis (p:0,000) and cervical vertebrae involvement (p: 0,002 ) compared with early-onset axSpA patients. NSAIDs response was similar (p:0,572). Median CSF score is 5 at presentation and 3 at month 6 in late-onset axSpA. Patients who received anti-TNF therapy had higher improvement in CSF scores (p:0.003).
Conclusion: AxSpA is very common in general population and has an increasing incidence among elderly patients. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of late-onset patients leads to serious deterioration in daily life activities. Late-onset patients should be included in clinical trials and epidemiological studies.
Traditional Chinese medicine inpatient lung cancer treatment costs in China: a nationwide study
Authors: Nie hanlin , Han Zhaoran , Nicholas Stephen , Maitland Elizabeth , Huang Zhengwei , Chen Sisi , Tuo Zegui , Ma Yong , Shi Xuefeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has long been a widely recognized medical approach and has been covered by China’s basic medical insurance schemes to treat lung cancer. But there was a lack of nationwide research to illustrate the impact of the use of TCM on lung cancer patients’ economic burden in mainland China. Therefore, we conduct a nationwide study to reveal whether the use of TCM could increase or decrease the medical expenditure of lung cancer inpatients in mainland China. Methods This is a 7-year cross-sectional study from 2010 to 2016. The data is a random sample of 5% from lung cancer claims data records of Chinese Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI). Mann-Whitney test was used to compare inpatient cost data with positive skewness. Ordinary least squares regression analysis was performed to compare the total TCM users’ hospitalization cost with TCM nonusers’, to examine whether TCM use is the key factor inducing relatively high medical expenditure. Result. A total of 47,393 lung cancer inpatients were included in this study, with 38,697 (81.7%) of them at least using one kind of TCM approach. The per inpatient medical cost of TCM users was RMB18,798 (USD2,830), which was 65.2% significantly higher than that of TCM nonusers (P < 0.001). The medication cost, conventional medication cost, and nonpharmacy cost of TCM users were all higher than TCM nonusers, illustrating the higher medical cost of TCM users was not induced by TCM only. With confounding factors fixed, there was a positive correlation between TCM cost and conventional medication cost, nonpharmacy cost (Coef. = 0.283 and 0.211, all P < 0.001), indicting synchronous increase of TCM costs and conventional medication cost for TCM users. Conclusion. The use of TCM could not offset the utilization of conventional medicine, demonstrating TCM mainly played a complementary role but not an alternative role in the inpatient treatment of lung cancer, a joint Clinical Guideline that could balance the use of TCM and Conventional medicine should be developed for the purpose of reducing economic burden for lung cancer inpatients.
Awareness and Care for my Autistic Traits (ACAT) program for adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Oshima Fumiyo , Mandy William , Seto Mikuko , Hongo Minako , Tsuchiyagaito Aki , Hirano Yoshiyuki , Sutoh Chihiro , Guan Siqing , Nitta Yusuke , Ozawa Yoshihito , Kawasaki Yohei , Ohtani Toshiyuki , Masuya Jiro , Takahashi Noriko , Sato Noriyuki , Nakamura Shizuka , Nakagawa Akiko , Shimizu Eiji 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: This study examined whether a combination of the Awareness and Care for my Autistic Traits (ACAT) program and treatment-as-usual (TAU) is more effective than only TAU in increasing the understanding of autistic attributes, reducing treatment stigma, and improving mental health and social adaptation among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents/guardians.
Methods: Forty-nine adolescents and their parents/guardians were randomly assigned to either a combination of ACAT and TAU (COMB) group or only TAU group. The COMB group received six weekly 100-min ACAT sessions while the TAU group received no additional intervention. The primary outcome was the change in the understanding of autistic attributes (Autism Knowledge Quiz-Child: AKQ-C), administered to autistic adolescents from pre-to post-intervention. The secondary outcomes included the change in AKQ-parent version (AKQ-P) administered to their parents/guardians, treatment stigma, improving mental health, and social adaptation among autistic adolescents and their parents/guardians. All measures except for the self-rating scales were scored by asessors blind to the group assignment.
Results: The individuals (both autistic adolescents and their parents/guardians) in the COMB group, showed an increased score of the AKQ-C and AKQ-P than did those in the TAU group. Autistic adolescents in the COMB group also demonstrated reduced treatment-related stigma and behavioral problems than those in the TAU group, while there were no group differences in the change in social adaptation. For parents/guardians, there were no group differences in the change in treatment-related stigma, mental health, adaptive skills, or attitudes toward their children.
Conclusions: The results suggest that the ACAT could be an effective treatment modality for both autistic adolescents and their parents/guardians to increase the understanding of autistic attributes. The ACAT may positively affect self-understanding, reduce treatment stigma, and stabilize behavioral issues for autistic adolescents, but it may not effectively reduce treatment barriers or improve mental health for parents/guardians. Further research should consider whether additional support for parents/guardians could be beneficial.
Trial registration: Registration number - UMIN000029851 and date of registration - 06/01/2018.
Conceptual Design of the Optical System of the 6.5m Wide Field MUltiplexed Survey Telescope with Excellent Image Quality
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Jiang Haijiao , Shectman Stephen , Yang Dehua , Cai Zheng , Shi Yong , Huang Song , Lu Lu , Zheng Yamin , Kang Shaonan , Mao Shude , Huang Lei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Astrophysics and cosmology in the coming decades urgently need a large field-of-view (FOV), highly multiplexed spectroscopic survey telescope satisfying challenging image quality and stability requirements. The 6.5m MUltiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST) proposed by Tsinghua University will be constructed on the Saishiteng Mountain of Northwest China to improve the spectroscopic survey capability of ground-based optical telescopes. In this paper, we demonstrate the conceptual design of the optical system of MUST. MUST will adopt a 6.5m primary mirror, a 2.45m secondary mirror, and a multiple-element widefield corrector (WFC) to ensure excellent image quality with an 80% encircled energy size of image spots less than ~ 0.6 arcsec in diameter for the entire 3° FOV and the whole 50° zenith angle range. Thanks to its compact 6.5m Ritchey-Chretien system and 20000 optical fibers on its Cassegrain focus, MUST will carry out state-of-the-art wide-field spectroscopic surveys with efficiency ~ 19 times higher than the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) using a measure proposed by Ellis et al. Upon completion around 2029, MUST will be one of the world's largest and most advanced wide-field spectroscopic survey telescopes and a new essential reference for the future development of wide-field survey telescopes. It will enable significant advances in many fields in astrophysics and cosmology.
Cross-tissue correlations of genome-wide DNA methylation in Japanese live human brain and their blood, saliva, and buccal epithelial tissues
Authors: Nishitani Shota , Isozaki Makoto , Yao Akiko , Higashino Yoshifumi , Yamauchi Takahiro , Kidoguchi Masamune , Kawajiri Satoshi , Tsunetoshi Kenzo , Neishi Hiroyuki , Imoto Hirochika , Arishima Hidetaka , Kodera Toshiaki , Fujisawa Takashi , Nomura Sadahiro , Kikuta Ken-ichiro , Shinozaki Gen , Tomoda Akemi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Neuroepigenetics considers genetic sequences and the interplay with environmental influences to elucidate vulnerability risk for various neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, evaluating DNA methylation of brain tissue is challenging owing to the issue of tissue specificity. Consequently, peripheral surrogate tissues were used, resulting in limited progress compared with other epigenetic studies, such as cancer research. Therefore, we developed databases to establish correlations between the brain and peripheral tissues in the same individuals. Four tissues, resected brain tissue, blood, saliva, and buccal mucosa (buccal), were collected from 19 patients (aged 13–73 years) who underwent neurosurgery. Moreover, their genome-wide DNA methylation was assessed using the Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip arrays to determine the cross-tissue correlation of each combination. These correlation analyses were conducted with all methylation sites and with variable CpGs, and with when these were adjusted for cellular proportions. For the averaged data for each CpG across individuals, the saliva–brain correlation (r = 0.90) was higher than that for blood–brain (r = 0.87) and buccal–brain (r = 0.88) comparisons. Among individual CpGs, blood had the highest proportion of CpGs correlated to the brain at nominally significant levels (19.0%), followed by saliva (14.4%) and buccal (9.8%). These results were similar to the previous IMAGE-CpG results; however, the correlation analysis between the correlation coefficients of the datasets revealed a relatively low degree of correlation (brain vs. blood: r = 0.27, saliva; r = 0.18, and buccal; r = 0.24). To the best of our knowledge, this is the fourth study in the literature initiating the development of databases for correlations between the brain and peripheral tissues in the same individuals. We present the first database developed from an Asian population, specifically Japanese samples (AMAZE-CpG), which would contribute to interpreting individual epigenetic study results from various Asian populations.
Diagnosis and Management of Keratoconus by Eye Care Practitioners in Kenya
Authors: Rashid Zahra , Moodley Vanessa , Mashige Khathutshelo Percy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: To explore current eye care practice in keratoconus diagnosis and management in Kenya.
Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed to ophthalmic clinical officers (OCO) and optometrists.
Results: A total of 203 responses were received from 52 OCOs and 151 optometrists with a response rate of 24.4% and 53.5% respectively. The majority reported having access to retinoscopes (88.5%; p=0.48) and slit lamps (76.7; p=0.14). Few practitioners did not have access to a corneal topographer (13.5%; p=0.08) and rigid contact lens (CL) fitting sets (OCOs 5.8%, optometrists 33.8%; p<0.01). One-third did not feel that retinoscopy (38.7%; p=0.21), slit lamp findings (30.3%; p=0.10) and corneal topography (36.6%; p= 0.39) are important investigations in keratoconus diagnosis. Corneal topography was not recommended in two-thirds of patients (59.0%; p=0.33) with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). The majority counselled against eye rubbing in mild (73.6%; p=0.90) VKC, 52.9% in moderate (p=0.40) and 43.6% in severe (p=0.24) cases. The majority prescribed spectacles in mild (90.2%; p=0.95), 29% (p=0.97) in moderate and 1.9% (p=0.05) in severe cases. When the binocular best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with spectacles was ≤ 6/18, 76.9% of OCOs and 58.9% of optometrists referred for CLs (p=0.02). When binocular BCVA with CLs dropped to ≤6/18, 83.7% (p=0.18) referred to the ophthalmologist for surgical intervention. Few OCOs fitted rigid CLs (15.4% OCOs, 51.0% optometrists; p=0.01), majority referred to optometrists (82.7% OCOs, 43.7% optometrists; p<0.01). Progression was monitored in 70.1% (p=0.11) of mild, 50.9% (p=0.54) moderate and 25.3% (p=0.31) advanced cases. Few OCOs (15.4%) performed corneal cross-linking (CXL). Keratoconus patients were referred to an ophthalmologist when BCVA dropped (50.4%; p=0.35) and on signs of progression (59.8%; p=0.37). About one-quarter (26.1%; p=0.10) referred for CXL regardless of age and progression, two-thirds (68.5%; p=0.46) when keratoconus was progressing and a few (5.4%; p=0.13) did not know when to refer. Co-management with ophthalmologists was reported by 58.0% (p=0.06) of respondents.
Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the need to map services for keratoconus patients, review current curricula and continuous education priorities for mid-level ophthalmic workers, develop guidelines for the diagnosis and management of keratoconus and improve interdisciplinary collaboration.