bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior quadrant epilepsy surgery: case series of a South American hospital
Authors: Velasco Mario , Cárdenas-Cruz Andrés Felipe , Aguilera-Pena María Paula , Vargas-Moreno Alejandro , Nariño Daniel , Pérez Juan Carlos , Zorro Oscar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Posterior quadrant epilepsy (PCE) is a type of focal epilepsy that originates in the parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and the parietal-occipital border of the temporal lobe, or in any combination of these regions. PCE has a low incidence, but it can cause a great burden in disability-adjusted life years. In this retrospective cohort, patients of all ages with a diagnosis of PCE between 2006 and 2019 were evaluated in a referral center in Bogotá, Colombia. A descriptive analysis of demographic data, clinical history, imaging findings, type of surgery, histopathological diagnosis, outcome, and follow-up was performed using the Engel scale.

Methods
This study included refractory PCE patients of all ages who were evaluated by the epilepsy surgery group of the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio from 2006 to 2019. Clinical, imaging and surgical variables were obtained from the medical records and analyzed.

Results
Thirteen patients were included in the study, including 8 males and 5 females. The mean age of diagnosis was 8.8 years, while the mean age of surgery was 25 years. The most frequent clinical finding was intellectual disability. The most common findings on magnetic resonance imaging were encephalomalacia and gliosis. In 61.5% of the patients, the lateralization of video-EEG matched with brain magnetic resonance imaging alteration. The most frequent types of surgery performed were lobectomies, lesionectomies and cortical resections. Seizure-freedom was achieved in approximately one third of the patients; however, more than half of the patients were free of disabling seizures or had significant improvement after surgery.

Conclusions
PCE surgery is scarcely performed worldwide, therefore the effectiveness and outcomes are quite variable in the reported literature. In this study, we show that patients with PCE can obtain great benefits in terms of reduction of seizures with a low risk of surgical complications, encouraging the use of this type of procedure in carefully selected patients.
An efficient approach for anti-jamming in IRNSS receivers using improved PSO based parametric wavelet packet thresholding
Authors: Kambham Jacob Silva Lorraine , Ramarakula Madhu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System provides accurate positioning service to the users within and around India, extending up to 1500 km. However, when a receiver encounters a Continuous Wave Interference, its positioning accuracy degrades, or sometimes it even fails to work. Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) is the most widely used technique for anti-jamming in Global Navigation Satellite System receivers. But the conventional method suffers from threshold drifting and employs inflexible thresholding functions. So, to address these issues, an efficient approach using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization based Parametric Wavelet Packet Thresholding (IPSO-PWPT) is proposed. Firstly, a new parameter adaptive thresholding function is constructed. Then, a new form of inertia weight is presented to enhance the performance of PSO. Later, IPSO is used to optimize the key parameters of WPT. Finally, the implementation of the IPSO-PWPT anti-jamming algorithm is discussed. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated for various performance metrics in four jamming environments. The evaluation results manifest the proposed method’s efficacy compared to the conventional WPT in terms of anti-jamming capability. Also, the results show the ability of the new thresholding function to process various signals effectively. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the improved PSO outperforms the variants of PSO.
Applying implementation frameworks to the clinical trial context
Authors: Stensland Kristian D. , Sales Anne E. , Damschroder Laura J. , Skolarus Ted A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical trials advance science, benefit society, and provide optimal care to individuals with some conditions, such as cancer. However, clinical trials often fail to reach their endpoints, and low participant enrollment remains a critical problem with trial conduct. In these ways, clinical trials can be considered beneficial evidence-based practices suffering from poor implementation. Prior approaches to improving trials have had difficulties with reproducibility and limited impact, perhaps due to the lack of an underlying trial improvement framework. For these reasons, we propose adapting implementation science frameworks to the clinical trial context to improve the implementation of clinical trials.

Main text
We adapted an outcomes framework (Proctor’s Implementation Outcomes Framework) and a determinants framework (the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research) to the trial context. We linked these frameworks to ERIC-based improvement strategies and present an inferential process model for identifying and selecting trial improvement strategies based on the Implementation Research Logic Model. We describe example applications of the framework components to the trial context and present a worked example of our model applied to a trial with poor enrollment. We then consider the implications of this approach on improving existing trials, the design of future trials, and assessing trial improvement interventions. Additionally, we consider the use of implementation science in the clinical trial context, and how clinical trials can be “test cases” for implementation research.

Conclusions
Clinical trials can be considered beneficial evidence-based interventions suffering from poor implementation. Adapting implementation science approaches to the clinical trial context can provide frameworks for contextual assessment, outcome measurement, targeted interventions, and a shared vocabulary for clinical trial improvement. Additionally, exploring implementation frameworks in the trial context can advance the science of implementation through both “test cases” and providing fertile ground for implementation intervention design and testing.
The effect of nonlinear loads on the underground distribution cables: a case study
Authors: Elsharkawy Tamer M. Z. , Osman Gomaa F. A. , Salem Waleed A. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNonlinear loads have become more prevalent in all applications, including computers, transformers, and adjustable speed drives. The harmonic level of the underground distribution cables rises as a result of these loads. As a result, the cable layers' temperatures are affected by the harmonic levels. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the temperature distribution of a cable conductor and the soil around it under cyclic loading conditions, including the impact of linear and nonlinear loads. The IEC 60,853-2 standard is used to consider the thermal model of an underground cable. The finite element method is investigated to obtain a heat map of the cable layers and their surrounding soil. In this study, the small-scale model was constructed in the laboratory. The cable is installed using two methods at the same loading conditions. The heat transfer in the four-core low-voltage cable installation is measured. Furthermore, total harmonic distortion is measured using a Fluke 125 scope meter. The experimental results from the laboratory model proved that there was an extreme increase in the temperature of cable layers when the cable was installed inside the polyvinyl chloride duct in the soil compared with its installation directly buried in the soil. The results of the experimental tests are compared with simulation results.
Khettaras in the Tafilalet oasis (Morocco): contribution to the promotion of tourism and sustainable development
Authors: Beraaouz Mohamed , Abioui Mohamed , Hssaisoune Mohammed , Martínez-Frías Jesús 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe khettaras constitute a hydraulic system for mobilising water by gravity from the water table to the surface to irrigate fields in oases. This system, which has been fairly widespread in North Africa, in particular in Algeria (foggara) and Morocco (khettaras), was introduced several centuries ago in the oases of southeastern Morocco and has continued to operate despite various natural and anthropic constraints. Based on these ingenious and millennial hydraulic systems, successive civilisations living in these environments have been able to establish laws and regulations for the management and mobilisation of natural resources, especially water. Indeed, to get the most out of these systems, users have had to abide by rules (Al Orf/Azref) designed to protect, promote, and care for the systems to enhance their sustainability. These hydraulic systems have declined in recent years, notably due to extensive groundwater pumping, climate variability (severe droughts), and the local population’s disinterest for this type of development. Therefore, we have unfortunately witnessed the loss of a thousand-year-old local ancestral know-how that had been developed by different succeeding civilisations in the area. Recent initiatives (2008–2011) have been undertaken by the Moroccan government for the restoration and development of some abandoned khettaras in the Tafilalet Oasis so that they could be utilised in the development of an oasis-based cultural tourism and integrated in a tourist circuit known asMajhoul.This initiative, still in its infancy, has constituted an alternative and a fairly encouraging development for this national and world heritage.
Upconversion nanoparticles for super-resolution quantification of single small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Huang Guan , Liu Yongtao , Wang Dejiang , Zhu Ying , Wen Shihui , Ruan Juanfang , Jin Dayong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough small EVs (sEVs) have been used widely as biomarkers in disease diagnosis, their heterogeneity at single EV level has rarely been revealed. This is because high-resolution characterization of sEV presents a major challenge, as their sizes are below the optical diffraction limit. Here, we report that upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can be used for super-resolution profiling the molecular heterogeneity of sEVs. We show that Er3+-doped UCNPs has better brightness and Tm3+-doped UCNPs resulting in better resolution beyond diffraction limit. Through an orthogonal experimental design, the specific targeting of UCNPs to the tumour epitope on single EV has been cross validated, resulting in the Pearson’s R-value of 0.83 for large EVs and ~ 65% co-localization double-positive spots for sEVs. Furthermore, super-resolution nanoscopy can distinguish adjacent UCNPs on single sEV with a resolution of as high as 41.9 nm. When decreasing the size of UCNPs from 40 to 27 nm and 18 nm, we observed that the maximum UCNPs number on single sEV increased from 3 to 9 and 21, respectively. This work suggests the great potentials of UCNPs approach “digitally” quantify the surface antigens on single EVs, therefore providing a solution to monitor the EV heterogeneity changes along with the tumour progression progress.
Treatment of Cushing Disease With Pituitary-Targeting Seliciclib
Authors: Liu Ning-Ai , Ben-Shlomo Anat , Carmichael John D , Wang Christina , Swerdloff Ronald S , Heaney Anthony P , Barkhoudarian Garni , Kelly Daniel , Noureddin Mazen , Lu Lin , Desai Manish , Stolyarov Yana , Yuen Kevin , Mamelak Adam N , Mirocha James , Tighiouart Mourad , Melmed Shlomo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
Preclinical studies show seliciclib (R-roscovitine) suppresses neoplastic corticotroph proliferation and pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) production.

Objective
To evaluate seliciclib as an effective pituitary-targeting treatment for patients with Cushing disease (CD).

Methods
Two prospective, open-label, phase 2 trials, conducted at a tertiary referral pituitary center, included adult patients with de novo, persistent, or recurrent CD who received oral seliciclib 400 mg twice daily for 4 consecutive days each week for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint in the proof-of-concept single-center study was normalization of 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC; ≤ 50 µg/24 hours) at study end; in the pilot multicenter study, primary endpoint was UFC normalization or ≥ 50% reduction in UFC from baseline to study end.

Results
Sixteen patients were consented and 9 were treated. Mean UFC decreased by 42%, from 226.4 ± 140.3 µg/24 hours at baseline to 131.3 ± 114.3 µg/24 hours by study end. Longitudinal model showed significant UFC reductions from baseline to each treatment week. Three patients achieved ≥ 50% UFC reduction (range, 55%-75%), and 2 patients exhibited 48% reduction; none achieved UFC normalization. Plasma ACTH decreased by 19% (P = 0.01) in patients who achieved ≥ 48% UFC reduction. Three patients developed grade ≤ 2 elevated liver enzymes, anemia, and/or elevated creatinine, which resolved with dose interruption/reduction. Two patients developed grade 4 liver-related serious adverse events that resolved within 4 weeks of seliciclib discontinuation.

Conclusion
Seliciclib may directly target pituitary corticotrophs in CD and reverse hypercortisolism. Potential liver toxicity of seliciclib resolves with treatment withdrawal. The lowest effective dose requires further determination.
Metabolomic Profile of Children Conceived With Medically Assisted Technologies
Authors: Tolani Alisha T , Cedars Marcelle I , Zablotska Lydia B , Rinaudo Paolo F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and non–in vitro fertilization fertility treatments (NIFT) are treatments for infertility. These technologies may have long-term health effects in children such as increased hypertension, glucose intolerance, and hypertriglyceridemia. Few studies have compared children born following ART and NIFT to those conceived spontaneously by subfertile couples.

Objective
This work aimed to describe metabolic differences in children conceived by ART and NIFT compared to children conceived spontaneously by infertile couples.

Methods
Children conceived by parent(s) receiving infertility care at the University of California, San Francisco, between 2000 and 2017 were invited to participate in the Developmental Epidemiological Study of Children born through Reproductive Technology (DESCRT). Serum metabolomic analyses were conducted using samples from 143 enrolled children (age range 4-12 years, 43% female) conceived using NIFT or ART (with fresh or frozen embryos with and without intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]) and children conceived spontaneously by subfertile couples. Principal component analysis and multivariable regression were used to compare the distribution of metabolites between groups.

Results
There was no separation in metabolites based on treatment or sex. NIFT-conceived children showed no differences compared to spontaneously conceived controls. Only spontaneously conceived children had different metabolomics profiles from children conceived from fresh ART, frozen ART, and all ICSI. Pantoate and propionylglycine levels were elevated in fresh ART compared to the spontaneous group (P &lt; .001). Propionylglycine levels were elevated in the ICSI (both fresh and frozen) vs the spontaneous group (P &lt; .001). Finally, 5-oxoproline levels were decreased in frozen ART compared to the spontaneous group (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
NIFT-conceived children did not show any metabolic differences compared with spontaneously conceived children. The metabolic differences between ART-conceived children and children conceived spontaneously were small but unlikely to be clinically significant but should be examined in future studies.
Predictive value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in visceral fat activity to detect colorectal cancer metastases (prospective observational cohort study)
Authors: Suleimanov Amil , Saduakassova Aigul , Vinnikov Denis , Pokrovsky Vadim , Mamyrbekova Saltanat , Daniyarova Anara , Kozhabek Lyaila 
Published: October 2022

Background: To evaluate functional visceral adipose tissue (VAT) activity assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as a predictive factor of metastases in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: We reviewed study protocols and PET/CT data of 534 CRC patients; 474 patients were subsequently excluded for various reasons. The remaining 60 patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma were then prospectively assessed and were exposed to 18F-FDG PET/CT after a surgical treatment and chemoradiotherapy. Age, histology, stage, and tumor grade data were recorded. Functional VAT activity was verified with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) using 18F-FDG PET/CT and tested as a predictive factor of later metastases in eight subdomains of abdominal regions (RE – epigastric region, RLH – left hypochondriac region, RRL – right lumbar region, RU – umbilical region, RLL – left lumbar region, RRI – right inguinal region, RP – hypogastric (pubic) region, RLI – left inguinal region) and pelvic cavity (P) in the adjusted regression models. In addition, we studied the best areas under the curve (AUC) for SUVmax with the corresponding sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). Results: In both adjusted for age regression models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, 18F-FDG accumulation in RLH (cut-off SUVmax 0.74; Se 75%; Sp 61%; AUC 0.668; p=0.049), RU (cut-off SUVmax 0.78; Se 69%; Sp 61%; AUC 0.679; p=0.035), RRL (cut-off SUVmax 1.05; Se 69%; Sp 77%; AUC 0.682; p=0.032) and RRI (cut-off SUVmax 0.85; Se 63%; Sp 61%; AUC 0.672; p=0.043) could predict later metastases in CRC patients, as opposed to age, sex, primary tumor location, tumor grade and histology. Conclusions: Functional VAT activity was importantly related to later metastases in CRC patients and can be used as their predictive factor.
Case Report: Localized Ewing’s sarcoma of the scapula in an adult
Authors: Elafram Rafik , Ben Romdhane Majdi , Khassairi Nayssem , Ben Rjeb Sarrah , Toumi Saiffallah , Sghaier Majdi 
Published: October 2022

Background: Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) of the scapula is a rare entity. It is often discovered late at the metastatic stage of the disease because of its deep location. This neoplasm is common in children and adolescents. We present the first reported case of a localized Ewing’s sarcoma of the scapula in an adult over 40 years-old. Case presentation: A 48-year-old man presented with left shoulder pain evolving for one year. Physical examination showed a painful, ill-defined swelling of the left shoulder measuring 5 x 3 cm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed showing a mass of the left scapula invading the soft tissues of the shoulder suggestive of a sarcoma. The patient underwent a surgical biopsy finding an ES of the scapula with no secondary localization on the computerized tomography (CT) scan nor on the bone scintigraphy. Neo-adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy was started obtaining a total response. Therefore, the patient underwent a total left scapulectomy. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ES with a complete response to chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was then indicated. After 3 years of follow-up, no local or distant recurrence was found. Discussion: ES is a high-grade aggressive lesion that most commonly originates in bone. The ES may affect any bone but is frequent in femur, tibia and ilium, the tumors arising from the scapula comprise fewer than 4% of all ES. No cases of localized Ewing’s sarcoma in adults have been reported to our knowledge. The diagnosis is confirmed by immunohistochemical examination and cytogenic. A multimodal treatment approach including a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation can modestly improve local tumor outcomes. Metastatic tumors still have poor diagnosis. Conclusions: ES occurs rarely in adults greater than 20 years-old, and tumors localized in the scapula are even rarer. Histopathology differentiates it from other primary bone/soft tissues tumors.
Increase in colonic PRopionate as a method of prEVENTing weight gain in adults aged 20–40 years (iPREVENT): protocol of a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group trial to investigate the efficacy of inulin-propionate ester versus inulin (control) in the prevention of weight gain over 12 months
Authors: Pugh Jennifer E , Anjum Aisha , Petropoulou Katerina , Thom George , Mccombie Louise , Tashkova Martina , Alaraj-Alshehhi Sumayya , Babalis Daphne , Prechtl Christina , Lean Mike J , Prevost A. Toby , Vasconcelos Joana C. , Preston Tom , Morrison Douglas , Frost Gary 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Overweight and obesity affects over 70% of the UK population and is a major risk factor for the development of co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There now exists a considerable evidence base for the management of obesity. However, this is not the case for the prevention of obesity. Preventing weight gain in periods of life where there is an elevated risk of fat mass expansion could be beneficial to preventing associated diseases in later life. This protocol investigates the impact of novel food ingredient inulin propionate ester (IPE) in the prevention of weight gain. This trial aims to investigate the primary hypothesis that IPE has a superior effect on preventing body weight gain, compared with inulin, in young (<40 years old) adults over 12 months, whilst also investigating several complementary mechanisms that may explain the prevention of weight gain and improved long-term energy balance from consuming IPE. Methods: In this multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group study, eligible participants will be randomly assigned to consume 10g IPE or 10g inulin (control) daily for 12 months. Study visits will be conducted at baseline, two-month, six-month and 12-month time points. The primary outcome is weight gain from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes will examine changes in metabolic and cardiovascular health biomarkers, body composition and appetite. A mechanistic sub-group will explore causal mechanisms around energy balance, body composition, appetite regulation and the gut microbiota. Based on the power calculation, the sample size required is 270 participants or 135 per study group. Ethics and dissemination: The trial protocol and participant-facing documents have been reviewed and approved, by the London Hampstead Ethics Committee (REC Reference 19/LO/0095, 29th January 2019). Upon completion, the trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences. Trial registration number: ISRCTN16299902, 1st March 2018.