bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support for Asynchronous Interaction in Group Experiential Learning
Authors: Meloche Joseph , Hasan Helen , Papakosmas Angelo 
Published: February 2022

To be relevant to the constantly changing work patterns of the real world, effective learning in universities often occurs in small groups facilitated by collaborative environments where participants are dynamically involved in purposeful activities. The research described in this paper is an investigation of purposeful group work devised for experiential learning where a variety of socio-technical tools were used to support asynchronous tasks and communication among the learners. In order to explore the complexity of this collaborative activity a distinctive inductive research approach has been adopted using reflective developmental methods. The data collection and the analysis part of the research involved the reflection of participants on their activity being requested as reports within their course work. Student reports were subject to content analysis using a computer-based tool that creates a conceptual map of collections of documents comparing the ratings and relationships of concepts among different sets of participants. The study was enhanced by the use of Q-methodology that allows the participants to outline their views and to make individual decisions on the relative importance that they place upon the available views of the larger group. Concepts from Activity Theory allowed the researchers to take a holistic contextual approach both to the design of the research and the interpretation of the findings to make some sense of the complexity of the dynamic work-learning dialectic in a socio-technical collaborative setting.
Obstacles and possibilities in police research
Authors: Sollund Ragnhild 
Published: February 2022

Drawing on a Norwegian research project investigating the possible existence of police racism, this article explores challenges related to conducting research in such sensitive sites as the police with reference to methodological and institutional obstacles. The project featured participant observation, in-depth interviews with ethnic minority men, and in-depth interviews with police officers and lays the basis for a discussion of the diverging perspectives on police racism held by the police and by members of ethnic minorities. The degree to which research on the police can reveal the ‘truth’ of policing and thereby contribute to changing police practice is problematised and questions are asked about the extent to which research can contribute to facilitating change within the police that might be of benefit to the relationship between the police and ethnic minorities. A key question raised is whether the existence of a specific police culture, featuring loyalty, a hierarchical organisational structure and the use of discretion may prevent such research methods from revealing ‘true’ data, as well as organisational change. A discussion of problem-oriented policing illustrates some of the obstacles to implementing changes. The article concludes that the police in Oslo do not demonstrate evidence of institutional racism though there is evidence of derogatory language use and stereotyping where ethnic minorities are stereotyped in homologous ways to other marginalised groups who come into contact with the police such as drug users.
Health Workers and Users’ Perspective of Quality of Maternal Health Care in Health Facilities in Somali Region of Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Oladeji Olusola , Farah Abdifatah Elmi 
Published: February 2022

Aims: In spite of progress made in reducing maternal mortality, there remains a high burden of deaths related to the quality of care mothers receive in low- and middle-income countries. Ethiopia health sector transformation plan focused on improving equity and quality of health care at all levels of the system. The study explored health workers and users’ perspectives of quality of maternal health care in health facilities in Somali Region.
Study Design: This was a descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: Somali Region of Ethiopia in October 2021.
Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive design conducted in four project woredas in the region selected using multistage sampling technique. The participants were 23 health workers (health facility providers and health administrators) and 20 pregnant and lactating women purposefully identified and recruited based on their knowledge of maternal health care delivery in the study sites. The WHO framework for quality of maternal and newborn health care was used for the in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.
Results: The health workers had knowledge about what constitutes quality health care which include availability of adequate human resources, drugs and equipment, patient satisfaction and improved service utilization, effective referral services and use of clinical guidelines. Compassionate, respectful and caring health workforce was considered by the users as a major component of quality of care. Three major barriers to providing quality of care in the health facilities were human resource (shortage and high turnover of health workers, poor motivation, poor use of clinical guidelines), management constraints (limited training, and supervision, weak ambulance services for referral) and material constraints (shortage of medical supplies/drugs, equipment and infrastructure).
Conclusion: To ensure quality of maternal and newborn care, the identified barriers should be addressed focusing on the key priority areas.
A Review on Internal Resorption
Authors: Nagne Mrunali , Ikhar Anuja 
Published: February 2022

Tooth Resorption is classified majorly into internal and external resorption as given by Andreason.
The lesion puts the dentist in a predicament for treatment of the lesion, as it is often discovered accidentally, decreasing the prognosis as it is found later. Since the lesion usually affects the esthetically important region, it places the dentist in a quandary on what to do. Various factors affecting the pathophysiology of the lesion are the inflammatory process, stimulation of clastic cells. The etiology for the lesion is trauma in the majority of the cases. However, it may also be caused by excessive heat production during cavity preparation and in untreated carious lesions. Clinically it appears to be typically asymptomatic, although when it is actively progressing, the lesion shows symptoms of pulpitis as it mainly occurs due to chronic inflammation of the pulp. Histopathologically the lesion shows connective tissue of pulp which is inflamed and infiltrated by neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. The granulation tissue dominates the lesion. Radiographically the lesion occurs as oval to round radiolucency in the crown. The treatment performed is root canal treatment (RCT), as terminating the progressing resorptive process is the goal, and by doing so, further damage to the tooth can be prevented. Internal resorption will result in loss of tooth unless it is treated.
Role of Endogenous Serotonin Replica Mediated Through β-Catenin/Wnt Signaling in Lung Cancer Prevention and Prognosis - an in-vitro Study in A549 Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Rishikesan M. , Prathap Lavanya , Jayaraman Selvaraj , Preetha S. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Lung cancer is still the most common cause of carcinoma-related death in the globe. Non-pharmacological treatments such as physical activity and exercise have been shown to improve quality of life and provide better results in lung cancer patients. Lung cancer patients usually lack adequate amounts of physical activity and exercise, both of which can improve quality of life.
Aim: To analyse Chemotherapeutic potential of endogenous serotonin replica mediated through β-catenin/Wnt signaling in lung tumor cell lines (A549).
Methods and Materials: The National Centre for Cell Sciences (NCCS), Pune, India, provided the human lung cancer cell line (A549). MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. Real-time PCR was used to examine -Catenin mRNA, Wnt mRNA, and GSK mRNA gene expression. The significance of the acquired data was determined using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test with Graph Pad Prism version 5. Duncan's test was used to determine significance at the 0.05 level.
Results: The Results suggest that maximum inhibition of cell growth was at concentration (2-4 mM/ml) used in this study when compared to control. The cancer cells were significantly inhibited and it was found that there was notable reduction in GSK mRNA gene expression, β-Catenin, Wnt when compared to control at a dose of 2 mM/ml.
Conclusion: It may be concluded, based on the analyses' findings and the study's limitations, that the role of exercise induced endogenous serotonin may act as the regulator of wnt/β-catenin signaling in lung cancer cells. The exercise may help in maintaining the equilibrium of the gene expression by modeling Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and act as a protective factor in prevention.
Ease of Care Giving for Children: Parent Perceptions of the Physical Demands of Care Giving for Children with Cerebral Palsy in Indian Context
Authors: Sankar U. Ganapathy , Monisha R. 
Published: February 2022

Care giving for children with cerebral palsy engages the complete parenting measure of how difficult to safely manage and help their children with cerebral palsy to complete the activities of daily living skills. The aim of the current study was to examine the consistency and test-retest reliability and construct validity of the group methods on the ease of parenting for children with cerebral palsy and 10 parents of children without motor delay in the age group of 18 to 60 months were included and parents were instructed complete the ease of care giving and have to be present with the therapist assessed gross motor function. The Rasch model of item response was used to develop interval level scale. Results declare the high internal consistency and test retest reliability. It has been identified that ease of care giving varies with different ages for parents with cerebral palsy children. Parents of children with gross motor defects reported more trouble in care giving than parents of children with intact gross motor skill. Rasch analysis was used to hierarchical ordering of items with logical sequence. Findings of the current study suggested that ease of care giving for children with cerebral palsy as a reliable and valid measure of parent’s perception of their trouble to safely help their children perform their ADL skills in Indian context. There is a need for health care professionals to evaluate the family needs in parenting their children with cerebral palsy.
A Case Report on Primary Infertility
Authors: Vaidya Aishwaraya , Kasturkar Pooja , Uke Trupti , Gomase Kavita , Gawai Jaya , Singh Seema , Pohekar Savita 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: All womens want to become mothers. Infertility is defined as unable to or failure to conceive within one or more years of regular unprotected coitus. Primary infertility denotes patients who have never conceived.
Clinical Findings: The main symptom of primary infertility is the inability to get pregnant. A menstrual cycle is not continued. That's too long (35 days or more), too short (less than 21 days), irregular or absent results of patients not ovulating. Late menstrual cycle, pain in menstrual cycle, infertility, there might be no other signs or symptoms.
Diagnostic Evaluation: serological test, semen test in her husband, sonography, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy.
Investigation of BHCG value: BHCG value greater than 25 indicates positive results.
Therapeutic Intervention: Inj. Chorion(Human chorionic gonadotropin) 500 IU, Inj. Filgastrium(Neupogen) 300IU every third day, Inj. Lomoh 20mg Alternate day, Tab. Esrobet 2mg×TDS, Tab. Ecosprin 150mg×OD.
Outcomes: After In-vitro fertilization treatment patients show improvement. Patients can be pregnant,with the help of In-vitro fertilization treatment.
Conclusion: My patient was admitted in gynaecology ward no. 08, AVBRH (Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital) with case of primary infertility and complaints of infertility, late menstrual cycle and repeated abortion after IVF (In-vitro fertilization) treatment patient condition improved and got pregnant. ET(Embryo transfer) was done on 15/11/2021.
Folic Acid Supplementation Diminishes Diabetes Induced Neural Tube Defects by Recovering Impaired Embryo Gene Expression Through Its Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Li Kevin , Chen Xuyang , Hu Yuan , Gao Bingyan 
Published: February 2022

Aimes: This study aimed to determine whether folic acid supplementation could decrease the neural tube defects (NTDs) in embryos caused by hyperglycemia and the mechanism is associated with its antioxidative activity.
Study Design: Diabetic pregnancy model were made and folic acid, Vitamin E and control were given to mice. Then the neural tube defects rate, oxidative stress markers and embryos size were measured and were analyzed.
Methodology: We injected folic acid to diabetic mice to score NTDs rate, measured embryos size, assayed ROS scavenging enzymes and Pax3 expression and oxidative stress marker including malondiadehyde and H2O2 as well as the vitamin E controls.
Results: Injection of folic acid during gestation could diminish neural tube defect rate of diabetic mice and recover the Pax3 expression inhibition which is similar to vitamin E, but no effect was observed on nondiabetic mice. Folic acid supplementation also normalized the embryos size, decreased oxidative stress level including malondiadehyde and H2O2 in diabetic mice and decreased the intracellular ROS of embryonic cells on day 8.5 induced by high glucose incubation in a dose-dependent manner. No effects were observed on ROS scavenging enzymes activity by folic acid supplementation.
Conclusion: Overall, the conclusion is that folic acid supplementation could diminish NTDs induced by hyperglycemia, the mechanism is associated with its antioxidant activity which can reduce the oxidative stress and recover the inhibition of Pax3 expression.
Role of Imaging in Dental Implantology: A Review
Authors: Chandak Shreyash , Lohe Vidya , Sune Ravikant , Mohod Swapnil , Meshram Mrunal 
Published: February 2022

Dental radiography has long been a fascinating and useful diagnostic tool in the field of dentistry with the ever-increasing number of imaging modalities this has never been more true. The only sort of (non-surgical) bone examination necessary for implant therapy is radiography. The decision to image and which imaging modalities to utilize is dependent on several variables, including identifying the quality and amount of bone in order to decide the optimal position for implant placement, detecting the presence or absence of pathosis, and patient availability at a reasonable expense. Furthermore, while selecting radiographic examinations, it is critical to reduce patient exposure to radiation to a minimum. This article reviews current implant planning concepts utilizing various radiographic modalities, as well as their application to enhance the clinician's role in efficient implant placement. The importance of pre-surgical treatment planning for successful implant therapy cannot be overstated. In this case, diagnostic imaging is critical. Various imaging techniques are accessible to help in the placement of the implant in the correct position with respective facility and predictability. Among the modalities referenced are intraoral radiography, panoramic radiography, computed tomography and cone beam CT. The use of CBCT is utilized by the specialist to outline the method of the course of nerves in the jawbone and to decide the legitimate insert length. Inserts ought not be embedded into the sinuses. The vicinity of maxillary sinus may be accurately seen with CBCT. The surgeon can take exact measurements and pick the optimal implant length to prevent puncturing the maxillary sinus. For the optimal support, the right implant size can be chosen. The surgeon can use CBCT to analyze the accessible bone and select the dimensions that are suitable for the region. The CBCT programming produces improved picture, oblique and curved planar reorganization. Furthermore, minimizing the patient's radiation dosage during radiographic testing should always be a primary priority.
Assessment of Hematological and Serum Electrolytes Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Mice
Authors: Ikwuka David Chibuike , Anyaehie Bond Ugochukwu , Iyare Eghosa E. , Ugwu Princewill , Katchy Amechi Uchenna , Igbokwe Gabriel Ejike , Uzoigwe Jide Uzowulu , Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso , Ezeudensi Kelechi Love 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: There is growing interest on trying to explore the importance of fasting to health as it has been practiced as religious exercises for centuries. This study assessed the haematological and serum electrolytes effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on mice.
Methods: Fifty (50) male mice were randomly assigned into five (5) groups A, B, C, D and E (n=10). Group A (control) was fed normal chow ad libitum, experimental groups B,C,D and E were fasted seven weeks intermittently for 12, 18, 24 and 48 hours respectively. Blood samples were collected and analysed for haematological and electrolyte indices. Data obtained were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.
Results: Our findings revealed no significant differences in the RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC between the different fasting groups and the control. There was increase significantly in group C for Red density width-coefficient of variance (RDW-CV) and group C and E for Red density width-standard deviation (RDW-SD). Platelet count decreased, plateletcrit increased significantly in group C. There were no significant differences in the mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet-large cell count (P-LCC) and Platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR). Sodium ion decreased significantly in group C and chloride ion decreased significantly in group B, C and E. There were no significant differences in serum potassium ion and bicarbonate ion.
Conclusion: 12, 24 and 48 hours IF are safe and do not negatively influence hematological indices and electrolyte levels but 18 hours IF could have a slight negative effect on platelet count, plateletcrit and sodium ion levels.
Nanopore 16S sequencing enhances the detection of bacterial meningitis after neurosurgery
Authors: Jang Yoonhyuk , Kim Seondeuk , Kim Narae , Son Hyoshin , Ha Eun Jin , Koh Eun Jung , Phi Ji Hoon , Park Chul‐Kee , Kim Jeong Eun , Kim Seung‐Ki , Lee Sang Kun , Cho Won‐Sang , Moon Jangsup , Chu Kon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveNosocomial bacterial meningitis is one of the major complications after neurosurgery. We performed nanopore 16S amplicon sequencing from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to evaluate bacterial meningitis in patients who underwent neurosurgery.MethodsAmong the patients who visited the neurosurgery department of Seoul National University Hospital between July 2017 and June 2020, those with clinically suspected bacterial meningitis were included. 16S rDNA PCR was performed from the CSF, and nanopore sequencing was performed for up to 3 h. The reads were aligned to the BLAST database. In each case, the culture and the 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis were simultaneously performed and compared with each other, and we retrospectively reviewed the medical records. Genuine infection was determined by the identical results between conventional culture study and the sequencing, or clinically determined in cases with inconsistent results between the two methods.ResultsOf the 285 samples obtained from 178 patients who had 16S rDNA PCR, 41 samples (14.4%) were diagnosed with genuine infection. A total of 56.1% (23/41) of the samples with genuine infection showed a false‐negative culture test. In particular, 16S amplicon sequencing was useful in evaluating patients at the initial tests who had infection with intraventricular hemorrhage (Culture false‐negative rate = 100%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (Culture false‐negative rate = 77.8%), and systemic cancer (Culture false‐negative rate = 100%), which are risk factors for central fever. Moreover, 16S amplicon sequencing could suggest the possibility of persistent bacterial meningitis in empirical antibiotic use.ConclusionCSF nanopore 16S sequencing was more effective than conventional CSF culture studies in postoperative bacterial meningitis and may contribute to evidence‐based decisions for antibiotic maintenance and discontinuation.
A Centrosymmetric Organic Semiconductor with Donor–Acceptor Interaction for Highly Photostable Organic Transistors
Authors: Zhang Haoquan , Hu Yongxu , Chen Xiaosong , Yu Li , Huang Yinan , Wang Zhongwu , Wang Shuguang , Lou Yunpeng , Ma Xiaonan , Sun Yajing , Li Jie , Ji Deyang , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMolecule design of organic semiconductors (OSCs) for eliminating photoresponse and maintaining high charge mobility concurrently is beneficial to realize intrinsically photostable and high‐performance organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), which has never been reported. Here, a novel organic semiconductor TFP‐TT‐TPA with a centrosymmetric structure is synthesized. Remarkably, OFETs with TFP‐TT‐TPA show negligible photoresponse under light intensity up to 170.4 mW cm−2 (higher than sunlight intensity, about 138 mW cm−2), which ensures that the devices can work stably under sunlight. Through the single‐crystal structure and exciton dynamics analysis, it is found that the specific structure design can make strong intermolecular D–A interaction that occurs in the aggregate state, which facilitates the process of exciton quenching and thus enables the photostable OFETs. This study provides a new strategy for the design of organic semiconductors with intrinsic photostability and the construction of photostable organic optoelectronic devices for applications in light environment.
Sublingual Boosting with a Novel Mucoadhesive Thermogelling Hydrogel Following Parenteral CAF01 Priming as a Strategy Against Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Garcia‐del Rio Lorena , Diaz‐Rodriguez Patricia , Pedersen Gabriel Kristian , Christensen Dennis , Landin Mariana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease of bacterial origin. The high number of asymptomatic cases makes it difficult to stop the transmission, requiring vaccine development. Herein, a strategy is proposed to obtain local genital tract immunity against C. trachomatis through parenteral prime and sublingual boost. Subcutaneous administration of chlamydia CTH522 subunit vaccine loaded in the adjuvant CAF01 is combined with sublingual administration of CTH522 loaded in a novel thermosensitive and mucoadhesive hydrogel. Briefly, a ternary optimized hydrogel (OGEL) with desirable biological and physicochemical properties is obtained using artificial intelligence techniques. This formulation exhibits a high gel strength and a strong mucoadhesive, adhesive and cohesive nature. The thermosensitive properties of the hydrogel facilitate application under the tongue. Meanwhile the fast gelation at body temperature together with rapid antigen release should avoid CTH522 leakage by swallowing and increase the contact with sublingual tissue, thus promoting absorption. In vivo studies demonstrate that parenteral‐sublingual prime‐boost immunization, using CAF01 and OGEL as CTH522 vaccine carriers, shows a tendency to increase cellular (Th1/Th17) immune responses when compared to mucosal or parenteral vaccination alone. Furthermore, parenteral prime with CAF01/CTH522 followed by sublingual boosting with OGEL/CTH522 elicits a local IgA response in the genital tract.