bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Fracture Mechanics extension to dynamic loading scenarios
Authors: Chao Correas A. , Cornetti P. , Corrado M. , Sapora A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe coupled criterion of Finite Fracture Mechanics (FFM) has already been successfully applied to assess the brittle failure initiation in cracked and notched structures subjected to quasi-static loading conditions. The FFM originality lies in addressing failure onset through the simultaneous fulfilment of a stress requirement and the energy balance, both computed over a finite distance ahead of the stress raiser. Accordingly, this length results to be a structural parameter, thus able to interact with the geometry under investigation. This work aims at extending the FFM failure criterion to dynamic loadings. To this end, the general requisites of a proper dynamic failure criterion are first shortlisted. The novel Dynamic extension of FFM (DFFM) is then put forward assuming the existence of a material time interval that is related to the coalescence period of microcracks upon macroscopic failure. On this basis, the DFFM model is investigated in case a one-to-one relation between the external solicitation and both the dynamic stress field and energy release rate holds true. Under such a condition, the DFFM is also validated against suitable experimental data on rock materials from the literature and proven to properly catch the increase of the failure load as the loading rate rises, thus proving to be a novel technique suitable for modelling the rate dependence of failure initiation in brittle and quasi-brittle materials.
Explaining the decline in the US labor share: taxation and automation
Authors: Heer Burkhard , Irmen Andreas , Süssmuth Bernd 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study provides evidence for the USA that the secular decline in the labor share is not only explained by technical change or globalization, but also by the dynamics of factor taxation, automation capital (robots), and population growth. First, we empirically find indications of co-integration for the period from the last quarter of the 20th to the first decade of the twenty-first century. Permanent effects on factor shares emanate from relative factor taxation. The latter also have a lasting effect on the use of robots. Variance decompositions reveal that taxing contributes to changes in the two income shares and in automation capital. Second, we analyze and calibrate a neoclassical growth model extended to include factor taxation, automation capital, and capital adjustment costs. Labor and automation capital are perfect substitutes, whereas labor and traditional capital are complements. The model replicates the dynamics of the observed functional income distribution in the USA during the 1965–2015 period. Counterfactual experiments suggest that the fall in the labor share would have been significantly smaller if labor and capital income tax rates had remained at their respective level of the 1960s.
Extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds and their potential antioxidant activities
Authors: Shi Linghong , Zhao Wanrong , Yang Zihong , Subbiah Vigasini , Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor thousands of years, plant has been widely applied in the medical area and is an important part of human diet. A high content of nutrients could be found in all kinds of plants, and the most outstanding group of nutrients that attracts scientists’ attention is the high level of phenolic compounds. Due to the relationship between high phenolic compound content and high antioxidant capacity, plant extracts are expected to become a potential treatment for oxidation stress diseases including diabetes and cancer. However, according to the instability of phenolic compounds to light and oxygen, there are certain difficulties in the extraction of such compounds. But after many years of development, the extraction technology of phenolic compounds has been quite stable, and the only problem is how to obtain high-quality extracts with high efficiency. To further enhance the value of plant extracts, concentration and separation methods are often applied, and when detailed analysis is required, characterization methods including HPLC and LC/GC–MS will be applied to evaluate the number and type of phenolic compounds. A series of antioxidant assays are widely performed in numerous studies to test the antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts, which is also an important basis for evaluating value of extracts. This paper intends to provide a view of a variety of methods used in plants’ phenolic compound extraction, separation, and characterization. Furthermore, this review presents the advantages and disadvantages of techniques involved in phenolic compound research and provides selected representative bibliographic examples.
Application of holistic and integrated LCSA: Case study on laminated veneer lumber production in Central Germany
Authors: Zeug Walther , Bezama Alberto , Thrän Daniela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeWe have to transform our societies and economic systems towards social, ecological, and economic (holistic) sustainability. Bioeconomy (BE) can contribute to sustainable development by substituting fossil-based products with renewable ones; however, sustainability is not intrinsic to BE.MethodsTherefore, we developed a holistic and integrated life cycle sustainability assessment (HILCSA) method containing 91 indicators, implemented in openLCA, using the Ecoinvent and SoCa database, and addressing 15 out of 17 Sustainable Development Goals. We applied it for the first time to show its capabilities by assessing the holistic sustainability of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) relative to hot-rolled steel beams.Results, discussionOur results indicate that renewable bio-based construction materials can have a better holistic sustainability than fossil-based products for nearly all indicators, by less stressing the environment, having a less negative impact on society and being economically more efficient. However, fossil-based components of LVL such as phenolic resin are main contributors of negative impacts and should be reduced and replaced. Renewable resources from agriculture and forestry have significant impacts on land use (change).ConclusionsHILCSA demonstrates to be able to provide comprehensive sustainability assessments as well as aggregated results. BE substitutes indeed can improve sustainability; however, sustainability assessments and HILCSA need to be further developed to allow conclusions to be drawn about absolute sustainability of BE.
Neural-Symbolic Ensemble Learning for early-stage prediction of critical state of Covid-19 patients
Authors: Fadja Arnaud Nguembang , Fraccaroli Michele , Bizzarri Alice , Mazzuchelli Giulia , Lamma Evelina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have been successfully applied to many domains of interest including medical diagnosis. Due to the availability of a large quantity of data, it is possible to build reliable AI systems that assist humans in making decisions. The recent Covid-19 pandemic quickly spread over the world causing serious health problems and severe economic and social damage. Computer scientists are actively working together with doctors on different ML models to diagnose Covid-19 patients using Computed Tomography (CT) scans and clinical data. In this work, we propose a neural-symbolic system that predicts if a Covid-19 patient arriving at the hospital will end in a critical condition. The proposed system relies on Deep 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNNs) for analyzing lung CT scans of Covid-19 patients, Decision Trees (DTs) for predicting if a Covid-19 patient will eventually pass away by analyzing its clinical data, and a neural system that integrates the previous ones using Hierarchical Probabilistic Logic Programs (HPLPs). Predicting if a Covid-19 patient will end in a critical condition is useful for managing the limited number of intensive care at the hospital. Moreover, knowing early that a Covid-19 patient could end in serious conditions allows doctors to gain early knowledge on patients and provide special treatment to those predicted to finish in critical conditions. The proposed system, entitled Neural HPLP, obtains good performance in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic and precision curves with values of about 0.96 for both metrics. Therefore, with Neural HPLP, it is possible not only to efficiently predict if Covid-19 patients will end in severe conditions but also possible to provide an explanation of the prediction. This makes Neural HPLP explainable, interpretable, and reliable.
Improving the wear resistance of copper tools for pressure die casting by laser melt injection
Authors: Warneke Philipp , Bohlen Annika , Seefeld Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHighly conductive copper alloys are used for various tools in casting and welding technology. In pressure die casting, copper alloys are used for pistons pressing the metal melt into a die. The high thermal conductivity of these alloys allows short process times as a result of high cooling rates. Due to a poor wear resistance, wear occurs on the running surface of the pistons causing the metal melt to spurt out of the shot sleeve. In order to improve the service life of the pistons, a new approach was taken: a reinforcement of the copper alloys with fused tungsten carbide (FTC) particles by laser melt injection (LMI) at high process velocities. FTC provides a hardness between 2700 HV 0.1 and 3500 HV 0.1. During LMI, a melt pool is induced on the substrate by a laser beam and a filler material is injected into this melt pool by a powder nozzle. In contrast to laser cladding, the filler material remains in the solid state and the substrate works as matrix material. Thereby, specific material properties of the substrate—e.g. a high thermal conductivity—can be preserved within the surface layer. It was shown that the FTC particle reinforcement reduced the wear by 69–75%. Abrasion and adhesion were identified as the dominant wear mechanisms. The run-in behavior of FTC particle reinforced and non-reinforced parts was determined.
Micro structuring tool steel components using Precise Electrochemical Machining (PECM)
Authors: Wali Abdul , Platt Timo , Meijer Alexander , Biermann Dirk 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSurface structuring offers great potential for modifying frictional properties for various applications, such as complex forming processes like sheet-bulk metal forming. The production of surface structures in micrometre range is challenging for manufacturing processes in particular when machining hard-to-cut materials like hardened tool steels. Precise electrochemical machining (PECM) has great potential for surface structuring and shaping of metallic materials regardless of their hardness with high surface quality and comparatively very short process times, especially when structuring large areas and batches. Micro structuring of hardened tool steel surfaces using PECM is investigated in this paper. Surfaces of high-speed tool steel and hot-work tool steel are structured using a commercial PECM machine with neutral solution of NaNO$$_3$$

3

as electrolyte. In a process sequence, PECM tools were manufactured in a first step producing selected structures by high-feed milling (HFM) and micromilling (MM). In a further process step, the negative shape of these complex structures was machined using the PECM process. Through this process chain, new types of structures can be generated which have different tribological properties than their corresponding negative shapes of HFM and MM structures. Tribological behaviour and wear properties of the structured surfaces are investigated through ring compression test (RCT).
Osteoclast Recycling and the Rebound Phenomenon Following Denosumab Discontinuation
Authors: Kim Albert S. , Girgis Christian M. , McDonald Michelle M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Inhibition of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) with denosumab is an effective treatment in a number of conditions including osteoporosis where suppression of bone resorption is desired. However, denosumab discontinuation is associated with rebound increase in bone resorption and subsequent loss in bone mass and a rapid return to baseline fracture risk. We review recent data on the rebound increase in bone resorption following denosumab discontinuation and the potential mechanisms behind this phenomenon.

Recent Findings
Osteoclasts have been considered to be highly specialised cells that undergo apoptosis after fulfilling their function of bone resorption. However, recent studies suggest that osteoclasts are longer lived cells which migrate through vasculature and are capable of undergoing fission into a novel cell type (the osteomorph) and re-fusion in a process termed osteoclast recycling.

Summary
The life cycle of the osteoclast is more complex than previously appreciated. Osteoclast recycling provides a novel mechanistic framework to examine changes in osteoclast biology in response to treatment of bone diseases and provides an exciting new avenue towards personalised medicine.
Spiritualität und kultursensible Begleitung am Lebensende
Authors: Wasner Maria 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungWenn die Diagnose einer schweren unheilbaren Erkrankung gestellt wird, bricht für die meisten Menschen eine Welt zusammen, nichts ist mehr wie es vorher war. Dies kann einen allumfassenden Schmerz auslösen. Cicely Saunders, die Begründerin der modernen Hospizbewegung, prägte dafür den Begriff des „total pain“: Schmerz, der sich auf körperlicher oder psychischer Ebene äußert, der Beziehungen auf den Prüfstand stellt (sozialer Schmerz) und der an den eigenen spirituellen Überzeugungen (spiritueller Schmerz) zweifeln lässt. Ziel der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung ist daher der Erhalt oder die Verbesserung der Lebensqualität von schwerkranken und sterbenden Menschen und ihren Zugehörigen durch die Prävention und/oder Linderung dieses Schmerzes auf allen Ebenen. Der Beitrag erläutert, wie eine kultursensible Begleitung gelingen kann, welchen Stellenwert Spiritualität dabei einnimmt und welchen Beitrag die Soziale Arbeit leisten kann.
Assessment of the performance of satellite rainfall products over Makkah watershed using a physically based hydrologic model
Authors: Al-Areeq Ahmed M. , Al-Zahrani Muhammad A. , Sharif Hatim O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMakkah region is one of the most flash flood-prone areas of Saudi Arabia due to terrain characteristics and the synoptic-scale weather conditions that intensify through interaction with the local topography causing high convective short-lived rainfall events, although these conditions are quite infrequent. Most of these events last for less than two hours. This study aims to assess the performance of five satellite precipitation products over a 1725 km2 sparsely gauged, arid basin. A fully distributed, physically based hydrologic model was forced by the five satellite precipitation products, and the evaluation included the hydrographs and runoff maps predicted by the model. Moreover, the propagation of the satellite rainfall errors into runoff predictions was quantified. Large variations and significant biases were found in satellites precipitation estimates compared to the available ground rainfall measurements. The Early IMERG product showed the best agreement with the reported total rainfall accumulations followed by Late IMERG while the other products significantly underestimated precipitation accumulations. Comparison with estimated runoff peaks showed that the Early IMERG product has the lowest errors in runoff peaks. Therefore, the hydrographs produced by the Early IMERG product were used as a reference to quantify the propagation of satellite precipitation errors into runoff predictions over the Makkah watershed. The results clearly indicated that both systematic and random rainfall errors were significantly amplified in runoff predictions.
Why hibernate? Predator avoidance in the edible dormouse
Authors: Ruf Thomas , Bieber Claudia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe address the question of ultimate selective advantages of hibernation. Biologists generally seem to accept the notion that multiday torpor is primarily a response to adverse environmental conditions, namely cold climate and low food abundance. We closely examine hibernation, and its summer equivalent estivation, in the edible dormouse, Glis glis. We conclude that in this species, hibernation is not primarily driven by poor conditions. Dormice enter torpor with fat reserves in years that are unfavourable for reproduction but provide ample food supply for animals to sustain themselves and even gain body energy reserves. While staying in hibernacula below ground, hibernators have much higher chances of survival than during the active season. We think that dormice enter prolonged torpor predominantly to avoid predation, mainly nocturnal owls. Because estivation in summer is immediately followed by hibernation, this strategy requires a good body condition in terms of fat reserves. As dormice age, they encounter fewer occasions to reproduce when calorie-rich seeds are available late in the year, and phase advance the hibernation season. By early emergence from hibernation, the best territories can be occupied and the number of mates maximised. However, this advantage comes at the cost of increased predation pressure that is maximal in spring. We argue the predator avoidance is generally one of the primary reasons for hibernation, as increased perceived predation pressure leads to an enhanced torpor use. The edible dormouse may be just an example where this behaviour becomes most obvious, on the population level and across large areas.
Climate-smart agriculture: Greenhouse gas mitigation in climate-smart villages of Ghana
Authors: Anuga Samuel Weniga , Fosu-Mensah Benedicta Yayra , Nukpezah Daniel , Ahenkan Albert , Gordon Christopher , Silvanus Baye Richmond 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach that helps guide actions to transform agri-food systems towards green and climate-resilient practices and it remains prominent in food systems transformation in the light of increasing climate change impacts. Unfortunately, the quantification of the greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential of CSA approaches is currently limited. Using the Cool Farm Tool (CFT), this paper quantifies the GHG mitigation of CSA based on farm-level experimental data. Individual interviews and focus group discussions were also conducted to identify farmers’ choices and willingness to adopt CSA practices. The study compared the GHG emission mitigation of CSA practices for two scenarios (baseline and mitigation). The study found that organic fertilizer input, residue incorporation, no-inorganic fertilizer and no-pesticide input reduced GHG emission intensity of sorghum (to 93.2 ± 25 kg CO2e GHG kg− 1 sorghum), rice (79.2 ± 22 kg CO2e GHG kg− 1 rice) and groundnut (69.7 ± 20 kg CO2e GHG kg− 1 groundnut) compared to the baseline. Lower GHG emission intensity was achieved with higher crop yield under CSA interventions. The study recommends that CSA promoters such as the Consultative Group for International Agriculture Research (CGIAR), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Bank focus on crop-specific CSA practices for higher GHG mitigation. CSA promoters such as the CGIAR, FAO and the World Bank should embrace participatory processes such as farmer schools to increase CSA uptake.
Treating a genre as a database: a digital research methodology for studying Chinese local gazetteers
Authors: Chen Shih-Pei , Yeh Calvin , Wang Sean , Che Qun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As digital humanities research relies on the digitization of sources, many of its applications are based on access to data on a huge scale that makes quantitative analyses and distant reading (or a birds-eye view) possible. Based on this assumption, we show how the genre of Chinese local gazetteers, with its volume, consistent structures, and broad geographic and temporal range, provides an ideal case to benefit from the digital approach. This paper introduces the Local Gazetteers Research Tools (LoGaRT), a suite of research tools designed for studying Chinese local gazetteers based on the philosophy that any comprehensive genre, such as Chinese local gazetteers, when accompanied with tools that aim to bring a collective lens to the genre, can greatly enrich the ways that scholars approach it and can transform the genre into a research infrastructure that enables new types of research. We report on how LoGaRT opens up new perspectives for researching Chinese history by showing case studies and the scholarly breakthroughs made by our research group. With this paper we hope to provide one possible answer to the question of how digital methods can contribute to humanities research. Even though LoGaRT is developed for a specific Chinese genre, we argue that the proposed research methodology and the corresponding user workflow and tools developed in our software can be applied to other genres or collections of sources when certain criteria are met.
The genomic and bulked segregant analysis of Curcuma alismatifolia revealed its diverse bract pigmentation
Authors: Liao Xuezhu , Ye Yuanjun , Zhang Xiaoni , Peng Dan , Hou Mengmeng , Fu Gaofei , Tan Jianjun , Zhao Jianli , Jiang Rihong , Xu Yechun , Liu Jinmei , Yang Jinliang , Liu Wusheng , Tembrock Luke R. , Zhu Genfa , Wu Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCompared with most flowers where the showy part comprises specialized leaves (petals) directly subtending the reproductive structures, most Zingiberaceae species produce showy “flowers” through modifications of leaves (bracts) subtending the true flowers throughout an inflorescence. Curcuma alismatifolia, belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, a plant species originating from Southeast Asia, has become increasingly popular in the flower market worldwide because of its varied and esthetically pleasing bracts produced in different cultivars. Here, we present the chromosome-scale genome assembly of C. alismatifolia “Chiang Mai Pink” and explore the underlying mechanisms of bract pigmentation. Comparative genomic analysis revealed C. alismatifolia contains a residual signal of whole-genome duplication. Duplicated genes, including pigment-related genes, exhibit functional and structural differentiation resulting in diverse bract colors among C. alismatifolia cultivars. In addition, we identified the key genes that produce different colored bracts in C. alismatifolia, such as F3′5'H, DFR, ANS and several transcription factors for anthocyanin synthesis, as well as chlH and CAO in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway by conducting transcriptomic analysis, bulked segregant analysis using both DNA and RNA data, and population genomic analysis. This work provides data for understanding the mechanism of bract pigmentation and will accelerate breeding in developing novel cultivars with richly colored bracts in C. alismatifolia and related species. It is also important to understand the variation in the evolution of the Zingiberaceae family.