bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cigarette smoking and adverse health outcomes in patients treated with maintenance dialysis
Authors: Bek Sibel G. , Marschner Simone , Sud Kamal , Johnson David W. , Chow Clara K. , Hawley Carmel , Pilmore Helen , Wong Germaine , Lim Wai , Lee Vincent W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe association of smoking with new‐onset cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, malignancy and mortality in dialysis is well‐known. The smoking prevalence and its association with clinical outcome was assessed.MethodsMulticentre cohort study using ‘ANZDATA’ Registry, 57 838 adults who commenced dialysis (>3 months) between 1990 and 2016 were included. Patients' demographics, initial dialysis modality, presence of comorbidities and smoking history are predictors. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were smoking prevalence, cause‐specific mortality, non‐skin cancers, cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases.ResultsOf the 57 838 patients, 56 512 (mean age of 58.9 ± 15.1 years, 40.1% female, 43% diabetic), had data on smoking history with 13.6% current, 40.7% former and 45.6% never smokers.Former and current smokers had 10% (HR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.13) and 22%(HR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.26) higher risk of all‐cause mortality. They were 13% (HR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.18) and 23% (HR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.29) for CVD mortality. Smoking was associated with higher mortality from respiratory failure (HR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.23, p = .073 and HR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.74, p = .042) for current and former smokers.Current and former smokers had higher risk for non‐skin cancer (HR 1.30; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.42 and HR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.32). Smoking was associated with a higher rate of death from cancer (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.19–1.33) and chronic lung disease (HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.15–1.92). Former and current smokers had a higher adjusted risk for de novo vascular disease (PVD, CVD), CAD (adjusted RR 1.1; 95% Cl: 1.09–1.12).ConclusionsIn dialysis patients, smoking was associated with higher rates of all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory failure, chronic lung disease and malignancy along with higher risks of non‐skin cancers, de novo vascular disease and chronic lung disease.
‘Maybe what I do know is wrong…’: Reframing educator roles and professional development for teaching Indigenous health
Authors: Francis‐Cracknell Alison , Truong Mandy , Adams Karen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSettler colonisation continues to cause much damage across the globe. It has particularly impacted negatively on Indigenous peoples’ health and wellbeing causing great inequity. Health professional education is a critical vehicle to assist in addressing this; however, non‐Indigenous educators often feel unprepared and lack skill in this regard. In this qualitative study, 20 non‐Indigenous nursing, physiotherapy and occupational therapy educators in Australia were interviewed about their experiences and perspectives of teaching Indigenous health. Findings from the inductive thematic analysis suggest educators require skill development to: identify their discomfort in teaching cultural safety; contextualise the sources of this discomfort and; reflect on how this understanding can improve their teaching. Additionally, educators require professional training to become practitioners of cultural humility and to be facilitators and colearners (rather than experts) of the Aboriginal‐led curriculum. Of relevance to this is educator training in how to decentre non‐Indigenous needs and perspectives. Educators can also renew their teaching practices by understanding what a dominant settler paradigm is, identifying if this is problematically present in their teaching and knowing how to remedy this. Crucial to improved cultural safety teaching is institutional support, which includes Indigenous leadership, institutional commitment, relevant policies, and well‐designed professional development.
Curbing environmental degradation through energy transition in ASEAN‐9: Does the interactive role of political will matter?
Authors: Sulaiman Chindo , Zubair Azeem Oluwaseyi , Abdul‐Rahim Abdul Samad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study estimates the impact of energy transition and the interactive role of political will on environmental degradation in the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) over the 1999–2020 period. Using pooled mean group and fully modified ordinary least squares estimators, the estimated results revealed that energy transition and political will have negative impact on environmental degradation in the ASEAN region. Equally, the interaction between energy transition and political will has significant negative effect on environmental degradation of the region. This implies that both energy transition and political will are significant in reducing environmental degradation through carbon dioxide emission reduction. Furthermore, strengthening political will/commitment toward energy transition process in the ASEAN countries would significantly contribute to declining environmental degradation. Thus, the study recommended a number of policy suggestions including raising the level of political commitment by governments toward energy transition to cleaner fuel is needed to achieve environmental quality in ASEAN countries.
Novel resistance to the BymovirusBaMMVestablished by targeted mutagenesis of thePDIL5‐1susceptibility gene in barley
Authors: Hoffie Robert Eric , Perovic Dragan , Habekuß Antje , Ordon Frank , Kumlehn Jochen 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe Potyviridae are the largest family of plant‐pathogenic viruses. Members of this family are the soil‐borne bymovirusesbarley yellow mosaic virus(BaYMV) andbarley mild mosaic virus(BaMMV), which, upon infection of young winter barley seedlings in autumn, can cause yield losses as high as 50%. Resistance breeding plays a major role in coping with these pathogens. However, some viral strains have overcome the most widely used resistance. Thus, there is a need for novel sources of resistance. In ancient landraces and wild relatives of cultivated barley, alleles of the susceptibility factorPROTEIN DISULFIDE ISOMERASE LIKE 5–1(PDIL5‐1)were identified to confer resistance to all known strains of BaYMV and BaMMV. Although the gene is highly conserved throughout all eukaryotes, barley is thus far the only species for whichPDIL5‐1‐based virus resistance has been reported. Whereas introgression by crossing to the European winter barley breeding pool is tedious, time‐consuming and additionally associated with unwanted linkage drag, the present study exemplifies an approach to targeted mutagenesis of two barley cultivars employing CRISPR‐associated endonuclease technology to induce site‐directed mutations similar to those described forPDIL5‐1alleles that render certain landraces resistant. Homozygous primary mutants were produced in winter barley, and transgene‐free homozygous M2mutants were produced in spring barley. A variety of mutants carrying novelPDIL5‐1alleles were mechanically inoculated with BaMMV, by which all frameshift mutations and certain in‐frame mutations were demonstrated to confer resistance to this virus. Under greenhouse conditions, virus‐resistant mutants showed no adverse effects in terms of growth and yield.
Embryo production and transplantation in non‐breeding season of meat sheep breeds by stimulating superovulation with different follicle‐stimulating hormone preparations
Authors: Aybazov Magomet , Selionova Marina , Trukhachev Vladimir , Malorodov Victor , Yuldashbayev Yusupjan , Easa Ahmed A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the response of Charolais and Ile‐de‐France meat sheep breeds to stimulate superovulation with various follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) preparations. A total of 14 adult ewes of meat sheep breeds were used in our study as donors, including Charolais breed (n = 8) and Ile‐de‐France breed (n = 6). Donors ewes were randomly divided into two groups in equal numbers (first group, n = 7; second group, n = 7), every group included Charolais breed (n = 4) and Ile‐de‐France breed (n = 3). Ewes in the first group were treated with Folltropin‐V (total dose of 200 mg per ewe, seven injections), and ewes in the second group were treated with FSH‐P (total of 280 IU per ewe, six injections). Thirty‐seven ewes of Edilbay breed used as recipients were divided into two groups (first group, n = 20; second group, n = 17). Our results showed that the number of corpora lutea in donor groups treated with Folltropin‐V was significantly higher than in donor groups treated with FSH‐P (p < .01). A greater number of embryos recovery and embryos suitable for transplantation were found in the first group compared with the second group of donors. After 30 days from transplantation, transabdominal ultrasonography showed that the presence of pregnancy in recipients groups was found in 16 recipient ewes (43.2%), in the first group of recipients were registered nine pregnant ewes of 20 recipient ewes (45.0%), and in the second group of recipients were registered seven pregnant ewes of 17 recipient ewes (41.2%). In conclusion, using Folltropin‐V in Charolais and Ile‐de‐France meat sheep breeds is a more effective scheme for stimulating superovulation than using FSH‐P.
What are the roles of regional and local climate governance discourse and actors? Mediated climate change policy networks in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Stoddart Mark C. J. , Yang Yixi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs a global problem with diverse local and regional impacts, climate change is an inherently multilevel issue. Focusing on Atlantic Canada, we examine regional‐local dimensions of Canadian climate politics, drawing on data from six legacy newspapers (two national outlets, four regional outlets). Claims about the importance of provincial governments and municipalities have low levels of media visibility and are more salient in regional news outlets. However, federal, provincial, local government and political party sources articulate the ideas that regional and local actors have important roles to play in climate action. While these ideas are not highly visible, they are diffuse and high consensus across multilevel political, civil society, and other actors. Articulations of the importance of regional and local climate governance tend to connect this with issues of carbon pricing and other economic dimensions of climate governance. While a few municipal actors are highly visible in the mediated policy network, local policy actors tend to receive little visibility in either national or regional media spheres. By contrast, regional actors from provincial governments and political parties are among the top tier of actors in both national and provincial media. Our analysis highlights the significance of regional political arenas and actors that have received less attention than national governments or municipalities as sites of climate governance.
Does helping hurt the helper? – An investigation into the impacts of vicarious traumatisation on social work practitioners in Hawke’s Bay, Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Smith Samantha , Hanna Sue 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: This article is based on the findings of a Bachelor of Social Work Honours student research project investigating the impacts of vicarious traumatisation (VT) on a small sample of frontline social work practitioners in the Hawke’s Bay region of Aotearoa New Zealand.METHOD: Semi-structured, one-to-one interviews with the four participants were used to collect the data and the interviews took place in 2019. A thematic analysis approach was applied to identify key themes within and across the data set.FINDINGS: Three of the four social workers had experienced VT resulting from their work with clients with histories of trauma. Participants, however, were also able to identify a range of self- care management strategies they utilised to support and enhance their health and wellbeing. In addition, several important organisational supports were also identified. These included a workplace culture that recognised VT, clinical supervision, Employee Assistance Programme (EAP) services and supportive supervisors and managers.IMPLICATIONS: The study demonstrates that VT and its associated impacts on social workers are important issues requiring ongoing acknowledgement and research in the New Zealand social work context.
Risk assessment models for venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and in the puerperium: a systematic review
Authors: Pandor Abdullah , Daru Jahnavi , Hunt Beverley J , Rooney Gill , Hamilton Jean , Clowes Mark , Goodacre Steve , Nelson-Piercy Catherine , Davis Sarah 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the comparative accuracy of risk assessment models (RAMs) to identify women during pregnancy and the early postnatal period who are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).DesignSystematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and two research registers were searched until February 2021.Eligibility criteriaAll validation studies that examined the accuracy of a multivariable RAM (or scoring system) for predicting the risk of developing VTE in women who are pregnant or in the puerperium (within 6 weeks post-delivery).Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently selected and extracted data. Risk of bias was appraised using PROBAST (Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool). Data were synthesised without meta-analysis.ResultsSeventeen studies, comprising 19 externally validated RAMs and 1 internally validated model, met the inclusion criteria. The most widely evaluated RAMs were the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists guidelines (six studies), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines (two studies), Swedish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology guidelines (two studies) and the Lyon score (two studies). In general, estimates of sensitivity and specificity were highly variable with sensitivity estimates ranging from 0% to 100% for RAMs that were applied to antepartum women to predict antepartum or postpartum VTE and 0% to 100% for RAMs applied postpartum to predict postpartum VTE. Specificity estimates were similarly diverse ranging from 28% to 98% and 5% to 100%, respectively.ConclusionsAvailable data suggest that external validation studies have weak designs and limited generalisability, so estimates of prognostic accuracy are very uncertain.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020221094.
Can we mitigate the psychological impacts of social isolation using behavioural activation? Long-term results of the UK BASIL urgent public health COVID-19 pilot randomised controlled trial and living systematic review
Authors: Littlewood Elizabeth , McMillan Dean , Chew Graham Carolyn , Bailey Della , Gascoyne Samantha , Sloane Claire , Burke Lauren , Coventry Peter , Crosland Suzanne , Fairhurst Caroline , Henry Andrew , Hewitt Catherine , Baird Kalpita , Ryde Eloise , Shearsmith Leanne , Traviss-Turner Gemma , Woodhouse Rebecca , Webster Judith , Meader Nick , Churchill Rachel , Eddy Elizabeth , Heron Paul , Hicklin Nisha , Shafran Roz , Almeida Osvaldo , Clegg Andrew , Gentry Tom , Hill Andrew , Lovell Karina , Dexter-Smith Sarah , Ekers David , Gilbody Simon 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundBehavioural and cognitive interventions remain credible approaches in addressing loneliness and depression. There was a need to rapidly generate and assimilate trial-based data during COVID-19.ObjectivesWe undertook a parallel pilot RCT of behavioural activation (a brief behavioural intervention) for depression and loneliness (Behavioural Activation in Social Isolation, the BASIL-C19 trialISRCTN94091479). We also assimilate these data in a living systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021298788) of cognitive and/or behavioural interventions.MethodsParticipants (≥65 years) with long-term conditions were computer randomised to behavioural activation (n=47) versus care as usual (n=49). Primary outcome was PHQ-9. Secondary outcomes included loneliness (De Jong Scale). Data from the BASIL-C19 trial were included in a metanalysis of depression and loneliness.FindingsThe 12 months adjusted mean difference for PHQ-9 was −0.70 (95% CI −2.61 to 1.20) and for loneliness was −0.39 (95% CI −1.43 to 0.65).The BASIL-C19 living systematic review (12 trials) found short-term reductions in depression (standardised mean difference (SMD)=−0.31, 95% CI −0.51 to −0.11) and loneliness (SMD=−0.48, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.27). There were few long-term trials, but there was evidence of some benefit (loneliness SMD=−0.20, 95% CI −0.40 to −0.01; depression SMD=−0.20, 95% CI −0.47 to 0.07).DiscussionWe delivered a pilot trial of a behavioural intervention targeting loneliness and depression; achieving long-term follow-up. Living meta-analysis provides strong evidence of short-term benefit for loneliness and depression for cognitive and/or behavioural approaches. A fully powered BASIL trial is underway.Clinical implicationsScalable behavioural and cognitive approaches should be considered as population-level strategies for depression and loneliness on the basis of a living systematic review.
Angiographic tapering sign as a surrogate marker for large vessel occlusion due to intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis and its clinical implication: a retrospective matched case–control study
Authors: Cho Kwang-Chun , Son Nak-Hoon , Choi Jin Wook , Jung Woo Sang 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether the initial DSA appearance of the occlusion during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) can help distinguish the nature of the underlying lesion and predict radiological and clinical outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed cases of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent MT for anterior circulation occlusion between March 2017 and February 2020. Underlying intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) was determined based on the presence of fixed stenosis after endovascular treatment. Patients were categorized based on the appearance of the occlusion observed in the initial DSA as tapering sign (+) or (−) groups. We performed 1:2 propensity score matching to establish a proper control group among the tapering sign (−) group. We analyzed and compared baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes between the two groups.ResultsA total of 293 patients (tapering sign (+), n=47; tapering sign (−), n=246) were included in the analysis. The procedure time of MT was significantly longer for the tapering sign (+) group, and the successful recanalization rate after MT was significantly lower in the tapering sign (+) group than in the tapering sign (−) group. Logistic regression showed that ICAS-related occlusion was strongly associated with a positive angiographic tapering sign, and the angiographic tapering sign was a negative factor for the first-pass effect during MT. However, a 3-month good functional outcome was not significantly associated with the angiographic tapering sign.ConclusionsThe tapering sign on the initial DSA could be a surrogate marker for ICAS-related occlusion and procedural difficulty. However, its clinical significance remains unclear.
Involvement of the transient receptor potential A1 in morphine-induced conditioned place preference and physical dependence in mice
Authors: Ahmadian Salami Ali , Alavi Mohaddeseh Sadat , Souri Mohammad Saeid , Roohbakhsh Ali 
Published: October 2022

The main side effects of opioid use are physiological and psychological dependence. The transient receptor potential channels, including transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), are involved in various neurological disorders. We aimed to evaluate the effect of TRPA1 inhibition on morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and physical dependence. For induction of CPP, morphine (10 and 20 mg/kg) was administrated for four consecutive days to male BALB/c mice. The effects of HC030031 (TRPA1 antagonist, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) on the expression and reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP were evaluated. For induction of physical dependence, morphine was injected three times a day for 3 days. Withdrawal-related behaviors such as jumping and defecation were precipitated by the administration of naloxone to morphine-dependent mice. The effect of HC030031 on jumping and defecation was assessed. The results showed that 20 mg/kg of morphine elicited a significant CPP. HC030031 reduced the expression of morphine CPP without any change in the locomotor activity. It also decreased the reinstatement of morphine CPP. HC030031 mitigated morphine withdrawal via reducing jumping and defecation. The present study demonstrated that HC030031 decreased morphine-associated CPP and physical dependence. It is presumed that TRPA1 has interaction with the main pharmacological effects of morphine.
Grain size effect on electrical properties of dry friable sand
Authors: Gomaa Mohamed M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current experiment is designed to look into the effect of pore size dispersion on the electrical properties of some friable sand samples at frequencies ranging from 10–4 to 100 kHz. A large amount of friable sand was sieved. Individual grain sizes were collected and compacted under appropriate pressure to create a sample that would later be measured electrically. The grain size dispersion covers a range from 5 mm up to 56 µm (5 mm, 3.15 mm, 2.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.63 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.056 mm). The samples were compressed into a disk of appropriate size. The observed changes will be due solely to grain size dispersion. The electrical properties of the samples were able to recognize different grain size effects. The main dominant and controlling factor on the electrical properties of the specimens is grain size, in addition to texture or surface roughness. The electrical properties of curves revealed that the conductivity and dielectric constant increase as grain size decreases. Conductivity increases due to an increase in conducting clusters between grains, i.e., the formation of apparently semi-conducting clusters between grains. The decrease in porosity between grain sizes, i.e., the volume of air between grains, has resulted in an increase in the dielectric constant. This is accepted logically because grain size decreases the number of pore voids or throats between grains. In addition, as grain size decreases, so does the complex impedance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that relationships between the electrical properties of friable sand and grain size dispersion have been studied.