bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crime Type Prediction in Saudi Arabia Based on Intelligence Gathering
Authors: Albahli Saleh , Albattah Waleed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of the biggest social problems currently facing major cities around the globe is the high rate of crime. The largest part of the social-economic loss globally is ascribed to criminal activities. Crime also has direct impacts on the nation’s economy, social constructs and country’s global repute. Inadequate policing capital is one of the biggest challenges facing many global economies. As a result, these resources have to be rationed. This implies that some areas will not be covered extensively thus providing favorable environs for perpetrators. To combat crime, more innovative security measures are needed. In this sense, traditional methods are being replaced with modern approaches of machine learning systems that can predict the occurrence of crime. These crime forecasts can be used by legislatures and law enforcers to make effective and informed approaches that can efficiently eradicate criminals and facilitate nation building. This paper seeks to review the literature on the application of machine learning models in crime prediction and to find the influences that have an impact on crimes in Saudi Arabia. The results show that after the four models were trained and tested, the random forest classifier had the highest accuracy of 97.84%.
Development of Adaptive Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping for Time Series Vegetation Classification Using Satellite Images in Solapur District
Authors: Kumawat Manisha , Khaparde Arti 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The global seasonal change and continued rapid growth have maximized the need to assess the urban dwellers’ depend on vegetation for their lives, and also in the urban ecosystem resources. The conventional outcomes devoted to cropland mapping, with the help of high-quality remote sensing data’s. This paper is to investigate and develop a new methodology that pertains to time series analysis for classifying the type of vegetation in a farm area of Ujani Dam located in Solapur District, Maharastra. The proposed model develops a novel adaptive time-weighted dynamic time warping (ATWDTW) for the time series analysis using the satellite images. The gathered satellite images from the farm are processed initially and subjected to analysis by ATWDTW. The TWDTW concept is optimally tuned by the new hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm termed moth flame-based bird swarm optimization (MF-BSA) for enhancing the classification performance. Regarding the false omission rate of the proposed MF-BSA-ATWDTW model attains 5.56% and 29.9% lower than SVM and K-means respectively. From the analysis, it is possible to get a deep insight into the vegetation to be done in each year, and the comparative analysis proves that the proposed model is further adaptable for experimental use in relating and explaining environmental and ecological time-series information.
Privacy-Enhanced Federated Generative Adversarial Networks for Internet of Things
Authors: Zeng Qingkui , Zhou Liwen , Lian Zhuotao , Huang Huakun , Kim Jung Yoon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Federated generative adversarial networks are designed to collaborate across the communication and privacy-constrained edge servers participating in training. However, in the Internet of Things scenario, local updates uploaded by edge servers can lead to the risk of privacy breaches. Gradient-sanitized-based approaches can transmit sanitized sensitive data with strict privacy guarantees, but gradient clipping and perturbation severely degrade convergence performance. In this paper, our proposed algorithm enhances the privacy of terminated raw data through differential privacy before it is transmitted to the edge server. The edge server trains the local generator and discriminator using the perturbed data, which provides privacy guarantees for the gradient attack on the FedGAN without compromising the gradient accuracy. The results of the experimental evaluation show that the algorithm generates images with slightly better quality than that generated by the gradient-sanitized-based approaches while maintaining privacy.
Four decades of experience of prosthetic valve endocarditis reflect a high variety of diverse pathogens
Authors: Oberbach Andreas , Schlichting Nadine , Hagl Christian , Lehmann Stefanie , Kullnick Yvonne , Friedrich Maik , Köhl Ulrike , Horn Friedemann , Kumbhari Vivek , Löffler Bettina , Schmidt Frank , Joskowiak Dominik , Born Frank , Saha Shekhar , Bagaev Erik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProsthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) remains a serious condition with a high mortality rate. Precise identification of the PVE-associated pathogen/s and their virulence is essential for successful therapy and patient survival. The commonly described PVE-associated pathogens are staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most frequently diagnosed species. Furthermore, multi-drug resistance pathogens are increasing in prevalence and continue to pose new challenges mandating a personalized approach. Blood cultures in combination with echocardiography are the most common methods to diagnose PVE, often being the only indication, it exists. In many cases, the diagnostic strategy recommended in the clinical guidelines does not identify the precise microbial agent, and frequently, false-negative blood cultures are reported. Despite the fact that blood culture findings are not always a good indicator of the actual PVE agent in the valve tissue, only a minority of re-operated prostheses are subjected to microbiological diagnostic evaluation. In this review, we focus on the diversity and the complete spectrum of PVE-associated bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens in blood and prosthetic heart valve, their possible virulence potential, and their challenges in making a microbial diagnosis. We are curious to understand if the unacceptable high mortality of PVE is associated with the high number of negative microbial findings in connection with a possible PVE. Herein, we discuss the possibilities and limits of the diagnostic methods conventionally used and make recommendations for enhanced pathogen identification. We also show possible virulence factors of the most common PVE-associated pathogens and their clinical effects. Based on blood culture, molecular biological diagnostics, and specific valve examination, better derivations for the antibiotic therapy as well as possible preventive intervention can be established in the future.
No sex-related differences in infarct size, no-reflow, and protection by ischaemic pre-conditioning in Göttingen minipigs
Authors: Kleinbongard Petra , Lieder Helmut , Skyschally Andreas , Heusch Gerd 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsFemale sex has been proposed to be cardioprotective per se. Studies with myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion and infarct size as endpoint have demonstrated cardioprotection in female, castrated male, and male pigs. These studies are difficult to compare, given the different pig strains, models, durations of ischaemia, and methods of infarct size quantification. The few studies using both female and male pigs reported no differences in infarct size and cardioprotection. We, therefore, prospectively compared infarct size in Göttingen minipigs undergoing ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) without and with ischaemic pre-conditioning (IPC) between female, castrated male, and male pigs.Methods and resultsIn a prospective, randomized approach, 28 Göttingen open-chest, anaesthetized minipigs underwent 60 min ischaemia by distal left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion and 180 min reperfusion without and with IPC by three cycles of 5 min LAD occlusion/10 min reperfusion. Infarct size with I/R was not different between female, castrated male, and male pigs (45 ± 8 vs. 45 ± 13 vs. 41 ± 9% area at risk), as was the reduction in infarct size with IPC (25 ± 11 vs. 30 ± 8 vs. 19 ± 10% area at risk). In addition, the area of no-reflow was not different between female, castrated male, and male pigs with I/R (57 ± 13 vs. 35 ± 7 vs. 47 ± 26% infarct size) or IPC (4 ± 10 vs.12 ± 20 vs. 0 ± 0% infarct size). Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was increased at 10 min reperfusion by IPC but not by I/R to the same extent in female, castrated male, and male pigs (198 ± 30 vs. 230 ± 165 vs. 179 ± 107% of baseline).ConclusionOur data do not support the notion of sex- or castration-related differences in infarct size, coronary microvascular injury, and cardioprotection by IPC.Translational perspectiveThe translation of successful preclinical studies on cardioprotection to the benefit of patients with reperfused myocardial infarction has been difficult. The difficulties have been attributed to confounders such as co-morbidities and co-medications which patients typically have but animals don´t, but also to age and sex. Notably, female sex has been considered as protective per se. We have now, using our established and clinically relevant pig model of reperfused acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic preconditioning as the most robust cardioprotective intervention looked for sex-related differences of infarct size, no-reflow and cardioprotection by ischaemic preconditioning in a prospectively powered approach but found none such difference.
The effect of clear aligners on speech: a systematic review
Authors: Ali Baeshen Hosam , El-Bialy Tarek , Alshehri Abdulrahman , Awadh Wael , Thomas Jacob , Dhillon Harnoor , Patil Shankargouda 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Objective
To assess the effect of clear aligners on the speech of patients undergoing orthodontic therapy through a systematic review of the literature. Search methods and selection criteria: The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42021278694. An electronic search of the Scopus, Embase, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases was done for papers published between January 2000 till September 2021. Studies that evaluated speech difficulties in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners using objective and subjective analyses were included. The evaluated primary outcome was speech difficulties. Secondary outcomes were time to adaptation and recovery from speech difficulties. Study quality was assessed based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Handbook guidelines and ROBINS-I tool.

Results
Two hundred and eighty-three articles were screened to identify seven studies (n = 332 patients) that assessed speech difficulty with aligners, of which two were randomized trials. Meta-analysis was not performed due to the heterogeneity in the study designs. Five studies compared speech difficulty with aligners to fixed appliances. Two studies showed a moderate risk of bias and five studies had a serious risk of bias. Level of evidence was downgraded to low due to the methodological insufficiencies and risk of bias in the studies. All seven studies reported that aligners could influence the clarity and delivery of speech, similar to fixed appliances. Various phonemes were affected including /s/,/z/,/zh/,/sh/,/th/,/ch/ on wearing aligners. Errors in articulation of consonants and sibilants were noted with lisping and speech impairment. These speech difficulties were temporary and most patients recovered in 7–14 days while few patients took 30-60 days to recover.

Conclusion
The likelihood of speech difficulties appears high with clear aligners. However, patients adapt quickly and speech returns to normal. The results of this review must be interpreted with caution and more well-designed randomized trials examining long-term effects of aligners on speech are indicated.

Clinical Significance
Orthodontists should counsel patients opting for clear aligner treatment of the potential transient speech difficulties.

Registration
The protocol for this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42021278694.
Women’s Relative Resources and Couples’ Gender Balance in Financial Decision-Making
Authors: Klesment Martin , Van Bavel Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate how the relative education and earnings of husbands and wives are associated with self-reported decision-making within the family. Using European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions 2010 data for 27 European countries (n = 72,638), we find that women who earn more than their partner are more likely to report that they alone make the major financial and other important decisions. Men are more likely than women to be reported as financial decision makers if women contribute less than a quarter to joint earnings. However, in line with predictions based on traditional gender display, the association with relative earnings is not linear: among couples in which wives earn almost all of the income, we find that husbands are reported to have more say in financial decision-making than among couples in which both contribute a substantial part of the joint income. This non-linear pattern does not hold similarly for general decision-making. The discrepancy suggests that major financial issues, which were traditionally within the male realm, may be more susceptible to gender display than other family decisions.
Cardiac magnetic resonance identifies raised left ventricular filling pressure: prognostic implications
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Gosling Rebecca , Swoboda Peter , Jones Rachel , Rothman Alexander , Wild Jim M , Kiely David G , Condliffe Robin , Alabed Samer , Swift Andrew J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Non-invasive imaging is routinely used to estimate left ventricular (LV) filling pressure (LVFP) in heart failure (HF). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is emerging as an important imaging tool for sub-phenotyping HF. However, currently, LVFP cannot be estimated from CMR. This study sought to investigate (i) if CMR can estimate LVFP in patients with suspected HF and (ii) if CMR-modelled LVFP has prognostic power.

Methods and results
Suspected HF patients underwent right heart catheterization (RHC), CMR and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) (validation cohort only) within 24 h of each other. Right heart catheterization measured pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was used as a reference for LVFP. At follow-up, death was considered as the primary endpoint. We enrolled 835 patients (mean age: 65 ± 13 years, 40% male). In the derivation cohort (n = 708, 85%), two CMR metrics were associated with RHC PCWP:LV mass and left atrial volume. When applied to the validation cohort (n = 127, 15%), the correlation coefficient between RHC PCWP and CMR-modelled PCWP was 0.55 (95% confidence interval: 0.41–0.66, P &lt; 0.0001). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance-modelled PCWP was superior to TTE in classifying patients as normal or raised filling pressures (76 vs. 25%). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance-modelled PCWP was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio: 1.77, P &lt; 0.001). At Kaplan–Meier analysis, CMR-modelled PCWP was comparable to RHC PCWP (≥15 mmHg) to predict survival at 7-year follow-up (35 vs. 37%, χ2 = 0.41, P  = 0.52).

Conclusion
A physiological CMR model can estimate LVFP in patients with suspected HF. In addition, CMR-modelled LVFP has a prognostic role.
Autopsy in the era of advanced cardiovascular imaging
Authors: Basso Cristina , Stone James R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Historically, autopsy contributed to our current knowledge of cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, and pathology. Major advances in the understanding of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, congenital heart diseases, and cardiomyopathies, were possible through autopsy investigations and clinicopathological correlations. In this review, the importance of performing clinical autopsies in people dying from cardiovascular disease, even in the era of advanced cardiovascular imaging is addressed. Autopsies are most helpful in the setting of sudden unexpected deaths, particularly when advanced cardiovascular imaging has not been performed. In this setting, the autopsy is often the only chance to make the correct diagnosis. In previously symptomatic patients who had undergone advanced cardiovascular imaging, autopsies still play many roles. Post-mortem examinations are important for furthering the understanding of key issues related to the underlying diseases. Autopsy can help to increase the knowledge of the sensitivity and specificity of advanced cardiovascular imaging modalities. Autopsies are particularly important to gain insights into both the natural history of cardiovascular diseases as well as less common presentations and therapeutic complications. Finally, autopsies are a key tool to quickly understand the cardiac pathology of new disorders, as emphasized during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
An inevitable or modifiable trajectory towards heart failure in high-risk individuals: insights from the nurse-led intervention for less chronic heart failure (NIL-CHF) study
Authors: Chan Yih-Kai , Stickland Nerolie , Stewart Simon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
We extended follow-up of a heart failure (HF) prevention study to determine if initially positive findings of improved cardiac recovery were translated into less de novo HF and/or all-cause mortality (primary endpoint) in the longer term.

Methods and results
The Nurse-led Intervention for Less Chronic HF (NIL-CHF) study was a single-centre randomized trial of nurse-led prevention involving cardiac inpatients without HF. At 3 years, 454 survivors (aged 66 ± 11 years, 71% men and 68% coronary artery disease) had the following: (i) a normal echocardiogram (128 cases/28.2%), (ii) structural heart disease (196/43.2%), or (iii) left ventricular diastolic dysfunction/left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVDD/LVSD: 130/28.6%). Outcomes were examined during median 8.3 (interquartile range 7.8–8.8) years according to these hierarchal groups and change in cardiac status from baseline to 3 years. Overall, 109 (24.0%) participants had a de novo HF admission or died while accumulating 551 cardiovascular-related admissions/3643 days of hospital stay. Progressively worse cardiac status correlated with increased hospitalizations (P &lt; 0.001). The mean rate (95% confidence interval) of cardiovascular admissions/days of hospital stay being 0.09 (0.05–0.12) admissions/0.33 (0.13–0.54) days vs. 0.27 (0.20–0.34) admissions/2.20 (1.36–3.04) days per annum for those with a normal echocardiogram vs. LVDD/LVSD at 3 years. With progressively higher event rates, the adjusted hazard ratio for a de novo HF admission and/or death associated with a structural abnormality (24.5% of cases) and LVDD/LVSD (36.2%) at 3 years was 1.57 (0.82–3.01; P = 0.173) and 2.07 (1.05–4.05; P = 0.035) compared with a normal echocardiogram (10.9%). Mortality also mirrored the direction/extent of cardiac status/trajectory.

Conclusions
These data suggest the positive initial effects of NIL-CHF intervention on cardiac recovery contributed to better long-term outcomes among patients at high risk of HF. However, prevention of HF remains challenging.
Randomized comparison of atrioventricular node re-entry tachycardia and atrial flutter catheter ablation with and without fluoroscopic guidance: ZeroFluoro study
Authors: Lehar Frantisek , Szegedi Nándor , Hejc Jakub , Jez Jiri , Soucek Filip , Kulik Tomas , Siruckova Anna , Sallo Zoltan , Nagy Klaudia Vivien , Merkely Bela , Geller László , Starek Zdeněk 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Interventional cardiology procedures may expose patients and staff to considerable radiation doses. We aimed to assess whether exposure to ionizing radiation during catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) can be completely avoided.

Methods and results
In this prospective randomized study, patients with SVT (atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia n = 94, typical atrial flutter n = 29) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to catheter ablation with conventional fluoroscopic guidance (CF group) or with the EnSite Precision mapping system [zerofluoro (ZF) group]. Acute procedural parameters, increased stochastic risk of cancer incidence and 6-month follow-up data were assessed. Between May 2019 and August 2020, 123 patients were enrolled. Clinical parameters were comparable. Median procedural time was 60.0 and 58.0 min, median fluoroscopy time and estimated median effective dose were 240 s vs. 0 and 0.38 mSv vs. 0 and arrhythmia recurrence was 5% and 7.9% in the CF and ZF groups, respectively. The acute success rate was 98.4% in both groups. No procedure-related complications were reported. At an average age of 55.5 years and median radiation exposure of 0.38 mSv, the estimate of increased incidence was approximately 1 in 14 084. The estimated mortality rate was 1 per 17 857 exposed persons.

Conclusions
The procedural safety and efficacy of the zero-fluoroscopic approach are similar to those of conventional fluoroscopy-based ablation for atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia and atrial flutter. Under the assumption of low radiation dose, the excessive lifetime risk of malignancy in the CF group due to electrophysiology procedure is reasonably small, whilst totally reduced in zero fluoroscopy procedures.
Wearables, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence in arrhythmias and heart failure: Proceedings of the European Society of Cardiology Cardiovascular Round Table
Authors: Leclercq Christophe , Witt Henning , Hindricks Gerhard , Katra Rodolphe P , Albert Dave , Belliger Andrea , Cowie Martin R , Deneke Thomas , Friedman Paul , Haschemi Mehdiyar , Lobban Trudie , Lordereau Isabelle , McConnell Michael V , Rapallini Leonardo , Samset Eigil , Turakhia Mintu P , Singh Jagmeet P , Svennberg Emma , Wadhwa Manish , Weidinger Franz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Digital technology is now an integral part of medicine. Tools for detecting, screening, diagnosis, and monitoring health-related parameters have improved patient care and enabled individuals to identify issues leading to better management of their own health. Wearable technologies have integrated sensors and can measure physical activity, heart rate and rhythm, and glucose and electrolytes. For individuals at risk, wearables or other devices may be useful for early detection of atrial fibrillation or sub-clinical states of cardiovascular disease, disease management of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart failure, and lifestyle modification. Health data are available from a multitude of sources, namely clinical, laboratory and imaging data, genetic profiles, wearables, implantable devices, patient-generated measurements, and social and environmental data. Artificial intelligence is needed to efficiently extract value from this constantly increasing volume and variety of data and to help in its interpretation. Indeed, it is not the acquisition of digital information, but rather the smart handling and analysis that is challenging. There are multiple stakeholder groups involved in the development and effective implementation of digital tools. While the needs of these groups may vary, they also have many commonalities, including the following: a desire for data privacy and security; the need for understandable, trustworthy, and transparent systems; standardized processes for regulatory and reimbursement assessments; and better ways of rapidly assessing value.