bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting the Sustainable Development Goals: A context sensitive indicator for sustainable use of water at the facility level
Authors: Wang Xuantong , Hopeward James , Yi Ilcheong , McElroy Mark W. , Sutton Paul C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a low‐cost and scalable method for providing a sustainable water allocation for enterprises based on the hydrological, economic, and demographic contexts of their facilities. Context‐based performance indicators are vital for effectively monitoring and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Currently, the SDGs consist of 17 goals that are associated with 169 targets and 232 indicators. Making valid and objective measurements of the 232 indicators represents a significant challenge for scientists and policy makers. Achieving the SDGs will likely involve significant efforts in developing and sustaining systems for monitoring status and progress, providing incentives, and conducting enforcement. Provision of low‐cost Sustainable Development Performance Indicators (SDPIs) of progress at high spatial and temporal resolution is essential for effective management by governments and businesses. The water allocations we produce are based on a facility's total and consumptive use of water, their contribution to gross domestic product (GDP), their number of full‐time employees, the population and GDP of several geographic contexts, and the annually specific hydrological balance (i.e., precipitation minus evapotranspiration) of those contexts. The allocations and related sustainability assessments are determined for a range of geographic contexts (circular regions centered on the facility with radii of 10, 50, 100, 200, and 300 km respectively). From the hydrological data we give priority to ‘Water for Nature’ and allocate a proportion of the remaining ‘Water for Economy’ to the facility based on their contribution to GDP and the number of full‐time employees they have. This allocation is compared to their actual water withdrawals to provide an indication of the sustainability of their economic activity.
Hydrodynamically Controlled Self‐Organization in Mixtures of Active and Passive Colloids
Authors: Madden Ian P. , Wang Linlin , Simmchen Juliane , Luijten Erik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractActive particles are known to exhibit collective behavior and induce structure in a variety of soft‐matter systems. However, many naturally occurring complex fluids are mixtures of active and passive components. The authors examine how activity induces organization in such multi‐component systems. Mixtures of passive colloids and colloidal micromotors are investigated and it is observed that even a small fraction of active particles induces reorganization of the passive components in an intriguing series of phenomena. Experimental observations are combined with large‐scale simulations that explicitly resolve the near‐ and far‐field effects of the hydrodynamic flow and simultaneously accurately treat the fluid–colloid interfaces. It is demonstrated that neither conventional molecular dynamics simulations nor the reduction of hydrodynamic effects to phoretic attractions can explain the observed phenomena, which originate from the flow field that is generated by the active colloids and subsequently modified by the aggregating passive units. These findings not only offer insight into the organization of biological or synthetic active–passive mixtures, but also open avenues to controlling the behavior of passive building blocks by means of small amounts of active particles.
Janus Hollow Nanofiber with Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Chen Xing , Pu Jie , Hu Xuhui , Yao Yuechao , Dou Yibo , Jiang Jianjun , Zhang Wenjing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractZn–air battery technologies have received increasing attention, while the application is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In order to explore an efficient method to fabricate a high‐performance electrocatalyst via modification of advanced nanostructure, a coaxial electrospinning method with in‐situ synthesis and subsequent carbonization to construct 3D flexible Janus‐like electrocatalysts is developed. The resulting Janus nanofibers have a unique core–shell hollow fiber structure, where NiFe alloy electrocatalysts supported by N‐doped carbon nanobelt are located on the inner wall of the carbon layer, and leaf‐like Co–N nanosheets are anchored on the outer wall of the carbon layer. As a result, the electrocatalyst exhibits excellent bifunctional catalytic performance for ORR and OER, demonstrating the small potential gap value of 0.73 V between the ORR half‐wave potential and the OER potential at 10 mA cm−2, which is even comparable to the mixed commercial noble catalyst with 20% Pt/C and RuO2. The rechargeable Zn–air battery is constructed and displays a large open‐circuit voltage of 1.44 V, high power density (130 mW cm−2) and energy density (874 Wh kg−1). This study provides a concept to synthesize and construct high performance bifunctional electrocatalysts.
7‐Dehydrocholesterol Encapsulated Polymeric Nanoparticles As a Radiation‐Responsive Sensitizer for Enhancing Radiation Therapy
Authors: Delahunty Ian , Li Jianwen , Jiang Wen , Lee Chaebin , Yang Xueyuan , Kumar Anil , Liu Zhi , Zhang Weizhong , Xie Jin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTherapeutics that can be activated by radiation in situ to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy are highly desirable. Herein, 7‐Dehydrocholesterol (7‐DHC), a biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol, as a radiosensitizer, exploiting its ability to propagate the free radical chain reaction is explored. The studies show that 7‐DHC can react with radiation‐induced reactive oxygen species and in turn promote lipid peroxidation, double‐strand breaks, and mitochondrial damage in cancer cells. For efficient delivery, 7‐DHC is encapsulated into poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles, forming 7‐DHC@PLGA NPs. When tested in CT26 tumor bearing mice, 7‐DHC@PLGA NPs significantly enhanced the efficacy of radiotherapy, causing complete tumor eradication in 30% of the treated animals. After treatment, 7‐DHC is converted to cholesterol, causing no detectable side effects or hypercalcemia. 7‐DHC@PLGA NPs represent a radiation‐responsive sensitizer with great potential in clinical translation.
Self‐Healing Polymer Electrolyte for Dendrite‐Free Li Metal Batteries with Ultra‐High‐Voltage Ni‐Rich Layered Cathodes
Authors: Li Zhuo , Fu Jialong , Zheng Sheng , Li Dinggen , Guo Xin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPractical applications of polymer electrolytes in lithium (Li) metal batteries with high‐voltage Ni‐rich cathodes have been hindered by the dendrite growth and poor oxidative stability of electrolytes. Herein, a self‐healing polymer electrolyte is developed by in situ copolymerization of 2‐(3‐(6‐methyl4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐yl)ureido)ethyl methacrylate (UPyMA) and ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate (EGMEA) monomers. With the electrolyte, the dendrite growth is inhibited by spontaneously repairing dendrite‐induced defects, cracks, and voids at the Li/electrolyte interface; the suppressed dendrite growth and associated electro‐chemo behaviors are visualized by the kinetic Mont‐Carlo simulation. Benefitting from the high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window and good interfacial stability, the self‐healing polymer electrolyte enables stable cycling of the LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathode under 4.7 V, achieving a high specific capacity of ≈228.8 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 80.4% over 500 cycles. The new electrolyte is very promising for developing highly safe and dendrite‐free Li metal batteries with high energy density.
Expression profile analysis of sheep ovary after superovulation and estrus synchronisation treatment
Authors: Wang Huie , Feng Xinwei , Muhatai Gemingguli , Wang Lan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSuperovulation is a widely used reproductive technique in livestock production, but the mechanism of sheep's superovulation is not yet clear. Here, a method of superovulation and estrus synchronisation was used to treat female Duolang sheep. After treatment, there were significant differences in serum FSH and LH levels and the number of dominant follicles between the two groups of sheep. We identified a total of 5021 differentially expressed genes (11, 13 and 15 days after treatment) and performed RT‐qPCR analysis to identify several mRNA expression levels. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were involved in the regulation of signalling pathways of follicular development, cell cycle, material synthesis, energy metabolism, such as COL3A1, RPS8, ACTA2, RPL7 RPS6 and TNFAIP6 may play a key role in regulating the development of follicles. Our results show a comprehensive expression profile after superovulation and estrus synchronisation treatment. We provide the basis for further research on breeding techniques to improve the ovulation rate and birth rate of livestock.
Evaluation of a dog with inflammatory mammary carcinoma using 18F‐2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Koo Yoonhoi , Yun Taesik , Chae Yeon , Lee Dohee , Son Mingyun , Ku Dayoung , Kim Hakhyun , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kang Byeong‐Teck 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInflammatory mammary carcinoma is known to be aggressive, which makes thorough evaluation of the severity of tumour infiltration and metastasis important in determining a recommended treatment course. This case report describes the use of 18F‐2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for evaluating the invasiveness and metastasis of inflammatory mammary carcinoma in a dog.
Quantification of tear glucose levels and their correlation with blood glucose levels in dogs
Authors: Lee Eunji , Kang Seonmi , Shim Jaeho , Jeong Dajeong , Jeong Youngseok , Ahn Junyeong , Seo Kangmoon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNo previous studies have quantified tear glucose (TG) levels in dogs or compared changes in TG and blood glucose (BG) concentrations.ObjectiveTo quantify TG concentration and evaluate its correlation with BG level in dogs.MethodsTwenty repetitive tests were performed in alternate eyes of four dogs, with a minimum washout period of 1 week. Tears and blood were collected at 30‐min intervals with successive glucose injections (1 g/kg) every 30 min. Cross‐correlations of BG and TG levels were assessed. The delay and association between TG and corresponding BG levels were analysed for each dog; samples were collected at 5‐min intervals. The tears were collected using microcapillary tubes. Collected tears and blood were analysed for glucose concentration using a colorimetric assay and commercially available glucometer, respectively.ResultsThe average baseline BG and TG levels were 4.76 ± 0.58 and 0.39 ± 0.04 mmol/L, respectively. Even with highly fluctuating BG levels, a significant cross‐correlation coefficient (r = 0.86, p < 0.05) was observed between changes of BG and TG levels. The delay time between BG and TG levels was 10 min. On average, BG levels were 16.34 times higher than TG levels. There was strong correlation between BG and TG levels (rs = 0.80, p < 0.01). Significant differences in TG concentrations between normoglycaemia, mild hyperglycaemia, and severe hyperglycaemia were found (p < 0.05).ConclusionsCanine TG concentrations have not been quantified previously. Our findings suggest preliminary data for future research on TG levels in dogs and show TG measurement could be used to screen for diabetes mellitus in dogs.
Catalyst design within asymmetric organocatalysis
Authors: Iribarren Iñigo , Garcia Marianne Rica , Trujillo Cristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe field of organocatalysis, more specifically asymmetric organocatalysis, is continuously expanding having grown significantly over the recent years. However, despite this exponential expansion, the ability to determine with any degree of certainty the reaction mechanisms of these types of reactions fails to keep within pace. Due to increasing calculation capacity and methods accuracy, computational methodologies have been established as an essential approach in both a predictive and supportive role to aid the synthetic design of novel catalysts by enabling the prediction of catalytic behaviour. This review is focused on the computationally‐led catalyst design within asymmetric organocatalysis, discussing the different theoretical approaches most commonly utilised.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Quantum Computing > Algorithms
Fine corrections in the effective string describing SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in three dimensions
Authors: Caristo F. , Caselle M. , Magnoli N. , Nada A. , Panero M. , Smecca A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a study of the effective string that describes the infrared dynamics of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in three dimensions. By combining high-precision lattice simulation results for Polyakov-loop correlators at finite temperatures close to (and less than) the deconfinement one with the analytical constraints from renormalization-group arguments, from the exact integrability of the two-dimensional Ising model that describes the universality class of the critical point of the theory, from conformal perturbation theory, and from Lorentz invariance, we derive tight quantitative bounds on the corrections to the effective string action beyond the Nambu-Gotō approximation. We show that these corrections are compatible with the predictions derived from a bootstrap analysis of the effective string theory, and have a value which does not allow to prove the Axionic String Ansatz for this model.
Lepton-pair production at hadron colliders at N3LO in QCD
Authors: Duhr Claude , Mistlberger Bernhard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We compute for the first time the complete corrections at N3LO in the strong coupling constant to the inclusive neutral-current Drell-Yan process including contributions from both photon and Z-boson exchange. Our main result is the computation of the QCD corrections to the inclusive production cross section of an axial-vector boson to third order in the strong coupling in a variant of QCD with five massless quark flavours. Since the axial anomaly does not cancel for an odd number of flavours, we also consistently include non-decoupling effects in the top-quark mass through three loops. We perform a phenomenological study of our results, and we present for the first time predictions for the inclusive Drell-Yan process at the LHC at this order in QCD perturbation theory.
Moduli stabilization in asymptotic flux compactifications
Authors: Grimm Thomas W. , Plauschinn Erik , van de Heisteeg Damian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a novel strategy to systematically study complex-structure moduli stabilization in Type IIB and F-theory flux compactifications. In particular, we determine vacua in any asymptotic regime of the complex-structure moduli space by exploiting powerful tools of asymptotic Hodge theory. In a leading approximation the moduli dependence of the vacuum conditions are shown to be polynomial with a dependence given by sl(2)-weights of the fluxes. This simple algebraic dependence can be extracted in any asymptotic regime, even though in nearly all asymptotic regimes essential exponential corrections have to be present for consistency. We give a pedagogical introduction to the sl(2)-approximation as well as a detailed step-by-step procedure for constructing the corresponding Hodge star operator. To exemplify the construction, we present a detailed analysis of several Calabi-Yau three- and fourfold examples. For these examples we illustrate that the vacua in the sl(2)-approximation match the vacua obtained with all polynomial and essential exponential corrections rather well, and we determine the behaviour of the tadpole contribution of the fluxes. Finally, we discuss the structure of vacuum loci and their relations to several swampland conjectures. In particular, we comment on the realization of the so-called linear scenario in view of the tadpole conjecture.
Global symmetries and partial confinement
Authors: Hanada Masanori , Holden Jack , Knaggs Matthew , O’Bannon Andy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In gauge theories, spontaneous breaking of the centre symmetry provides a precise definition of deconfinement. In large-N gauge theories, evidence has emerged recently that between confined and deconfined phases a partially-deconfined phase can appear, in which only a subset of colours deconfine. In the partially-deconfined phase, the centre symmetry is spontaneously broken, raising the question of whether an order parameter exists that can distinguish completely- and partially-deconfined phases. We present two examples in gauge theories of global symmetries that are spontaneously broken in the confined phase and preserved in the deconfined phase, and we show that this symmetry is spontaneously broken in the partially-deconfined phase. As a result, in these theories the transition from complete to partial deconfinement is accompanied by the spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry. The two examples are CP symmetry in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 super-Yang-Mills with a massive gluino and theta-angle θ = π, and chiral symmetry in a strongly-coupled lattice gauge theory. For $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SYM we also present numerical evidence that the same phenomenon occurs at finite N ≥ 30. We thus conjecture that global symmetries may provide order parameters to distinguish completely and partially deconfined phases generically, including at finite N.
Graded Hilbert spaces, quantum distillation and connecting SQCD to QCD
Authors: Ünsal Mithat 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The dimension of the Hilbert space of QFT scales exponentially with the volume of the space in which the theory lives, yet in supersymmetric theories, one can define a graded dimension (such as the supersymmetric index) that counts just the number of bosonic minus fermionic ground states. Can we make this observation useful in non-supersymmetric QFTs in four dimensions? In this work, we construct symmetry graded state sums for a variety of non-supersymmetric theories. Among the theories we consider is one that is remarkably close to QCD: Yang-Mills theory with Nf = Nc fundamental Dirac fermions and one adjoint Weyl fermion, QCD(F/adj). This theory can be obtained from SQCD by decoupling scalars and carry exactly the same anomalies. Despite the existence of fundamental fermions, the theory possess an exact 0-form color-flavor center (CFC) symmetry for a particular grading/twist under which Polyakov loop is a genuine order parameters. By a two-loop analysis, we prove that CFC-symmetry remains unbroken at small β due to grading. Chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken within the domain of validity of semi-classics on ℝ3 × S1 in a pattern identical to Nf = Nc SQCD on ℝ4 and the two regimes are adiabatically connected. The vacuum structures of the theory on ℝ4 and ℝ3 × S1 are controlled by the same mixed ’t Hooft anomaly condition, implying a remarkable persistent order.
Adjoint maps between implicative semilattices and continuity of localic maps
Authors: Erné Marcel , Picado Jorge , Pultr Aleš 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study residuated homomorphisms (r-morphisms) and their adjoints, the so-called localizations (or l-morphisms), between implicative semilattices, because these objects may be characterized as semilattices whose unary meet operations have adjoints. Since left resp. right adjoint maps are the residuated resp. residual maps (having the property that preimages of principal downsets resp. upsets are again such), one may not only regard the l-morphisms as abstract continuous maps in a pointfree framework (as familiar in the complete case), but also characterize them by concrete closure-theoretical continuity properties. These concepts apply to locales (frames, complete Heyting lattices) and provide generalizations of continuous and open maps between spaces to an algebraic (not necessarily complete) pointfree setting.
On a Solution of the Multidimensional Truncated Matrix-Valued Moment Problem
Authors: Kimsey David P. , Trachana Matina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe will consider the multidimensional truncated $$p \times p$$

p
×
p

Hermitian matrix-valued moment problem. We will prove a characterisation of truncated $$p \times p$$

p
×
p

Hermitian matrix-valued multisequence with a minimal positive semidefinite matrix-valued representing measure via the existence of a flat extension, i.e., a rank preserving extension of a multivariate Hankel matrix (built from the given truncated matrix-valued multisequence). Moreover, the support of the representing measure can be computed via the intersecting zeros of the determinants of matrix-valued polynomials which describe the flat extension. We will also use a matricial generalisation of Tchakaloff’s theorem due to the first author together with the above result to prove a characterisation of truncated matrix-valued multisequences which have a representing measure. When $$p = 1$$

p
=
1

, our result recovers the celebrated flat extension theorem of Curto and Fialkow. The bivariate quadratic matrix-valued problem and the bivariate cubic matrix-valued problem are explored in detail.
Lagrangian Fibrations
Authors: Huybrechts D. , Mauri M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe review the theory of Lagrangian fibrations of hyperkähler manifolds as initiated by Matsushita. We also discuss more recent work of Shen–Yin and Harder–Li–Shen–Yin. Occasionally, we give alternative arguments and complement the discussion by additional observations.
Does the COVID-19 personal protective equipment impair the surgeon’s performance?
Authors: Kolb Jan P. , Hättich Annika , Strahl André , Rolvien Tim , Hennigs Jan K. , Barg Alexej , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Hartel Maximilian J. , Schlickewei Carsten 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Despite increasing vaccination rates, new viral variants of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) are advancing the COVID 19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic and continue to challenge the entire world. Surgical care of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients requires special protective measures. We hypothesized that "COVID-19" personal protective equipment (PPE) during surgery of SARS-CoV-2 positive or potentially positive patients would negatively affect the surgeon and thus the surgical outcome.

Materials and methods
Ten experienced trauma surgeons participated in the study. Each surgeon performed two simulated surgeries of a distal tibial fracture on a Sawbone® under standardized conditions either wearing regular PPE or special COVID-19 PPE. Baseline values at rest were acquired for heart rate, blood pressure, saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2), respiratory rate and capillary blood gas (CBG) analysis including capillary partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and carbon dioxide (pCO2), followed by four different standardized tests of attentional performance (TAP). Subsequently, the surgeon performed the first surgery according to a randomly determined order, with regular or COVID-19 PPE conditions in an operation theatre. After each surgery vital signs were acquired and CBG and TAP were performed again.

Results
In our simulated surgical procedure heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not show relevant differences. Percutaneously measured SpO2 decreased with additional layers of PPE, while CBG parameters were not affected. TAP tests showed a significant impairment of attention if PPEs were compared to the baseline, but both PPEs had similar results and no meaningful differences could be measured.

Conclusions
According to our results, for surgical procedures additional PPE required during COVID-19 pandemic does not relevant affect the surgeon’s mental and physical performance. Surgeries under COVID-19 PPE conditions appear safe and do not increase patient risk.

Level of evidence
Level I.