bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warm wall in autumn: how to use the solar irradiation in full?
*
Authors: Khavrus Vyacheslav , Gabovich Alexander 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We describe the relationship between changes in solar irradiation of vertical surfaces and the apparent movement of the Sun across the sky during a year. Those changes can substantially prolong the sense of warmth for people both in the countryside and in urban areas. The historical analysis shows that the vertical wall positive effect was noticed hundreds of years ago (the so-called Indian summer). Nevertheless, even the main details of the relevant astronomical and physical phenomena have not been presented for tutorial purposes. In this publication, we tried to fill this lacuna. Specifically, by means of a simple set of equations, we analyzed the contribution of geometrical and atmospheric factors in different seasons for the delivery of solar energy onto south-faced vertical plane and necessary conditions for getting local comfortable warmth. In addition to tackling purely scientific aspects of the problem, we emphasize the pragmatic goals of the solar energy utilization since this source of energy is one of the naturally replenishing resources. In particular, the considered phenomena can be used for development of ecological housing or comfortable alcoves in private gardens suitable for their use during sunny days in late autumn or early spring.
Investigations on enhanced plasma expansion in pseudospark discharge assisted by a magnetic switch
Authors: Yan Jiaqi , Shen Saikang , Sun Guoxiang , Ding Weidong , Wang Weizong , Wang Zhehong , Wang Haibo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Electrode erosion caused by dense plasma in constrictive discharge channel is one of the fundamentally detrimental effects existing in pulsed discharge switches. An enhanced plasma expansion in pseudospark discharge assisted by a magnetic switch (MS) is observed from ICCD images in this paper, accompanied by reduced commutation loss, and the mechanisms are revealed by experiments and simulations. The characteristics of the discharge waveforms and channel images of the pseudospark discharge with and without a series-connected MS are compared, and the influence of the number of magnetic cores is studied. As the loop current increases, the discharge channel expands radically and reaches the maximum as the current rising rate reaches the maximum. As the number of magnetic cores increases from 0 to 8, the maximum diameter of the discharge channel increases from 16 mm to about 38 mm, and the commutation loss is reduced from 30 mJ to 11 mJ. The electrode erosion rate of the case with a MS is lower than that without a MS. A particle in cell/Monte Carlo collision model coupling to nonlinear external circuit elements is established. The simulation results fit well with the experiment phenomena, including the discharge waveforms and the profiles of the discharge channel. The distribution of ions shows more diffused features than that of electrons, while the distribution of electrons is more similar to the discharge channel observed in experiments. The enhanced plasma expansion is mainly caused by the higher radial acceleration component of the charged particles during the magnetically delayed time.
Janus V2AsP monolayer : a ferromagnetic semiconductor with a narrow band gap, a high Curie temperature and controllable magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Wan Wenhui , Zhao Rui , Ge Yanfeng , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The search and design of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors for spintronics applications are particularly significant. In this work, we investigated the electronic and magnetic properties of Janus structure based on Dirac half-metallic vanadium phosphide (VP) monolayer (ML) by first-principles calculations. Due to the vertical symmetry breaking, Janus V2AsP ML becomes an intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductor with a narrow band gap of 0.21 eV. We analyzed the electronic structure and origin of the in-plane easy axis in Janus V2AsP. The electron effective mass is anisotropic and only 0.129 m0 along the x-direction. The Curie temperature

T

c

and magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of Janus V2AsP reach 490 K and 178 µeV per V atom, respectively. A uniaxial tensile stain ɛ

x
of 5% can increase its band gap and MAE to 0.39 eV and 210.6 µeV per V atom while maintaining its

T

c

being above room temperature. Moreover, the direction of the easy axis can be changed between the in-plane x- and y-direction by a small uniaxial tensile strain ɛ

x
of 2%. Our study can motivate further research on the design the magnetic semiconductors in Janus structures based on 2D Dirac half-metals for spintronics applications.
Effective medium theory and its limitations for the description of MoO3 films doped with nanoparticles
Authors: Morales-Luna Michael , Morales-Luna Gesuri 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present work analyses the transmittance and reflectance spectra of molybdenum trioxide film doped by silver nanoparticles as a function of angle of incidence and wavelength. As will be seen in this work, at values of angle of incidence below 40 degrees and with volume filling fraction below 1% also, some differences between the two effective medium theories are presented. First, the volume filling fraction is limited for low values (

<

1%) and second the scattering amplitude cannot be ignored for these cases. The novelty of this work is that the use of the effective medium model (refractive index) shows limitations in the description of the optical properties when it was applied to thin solid films.
Design of plasma shutters for improved heavy ion acceleration by ultra-intense laser pulses
Authors: Matys M , Bulanov S V , Kucharik M , Jirka M , Nikl J , Kecova M , Proska J , Psikal J , Korn G , Klimo O 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the application of the plasma shutters for heavy ion acceleration driven by a high-intensity laser pulse. We use particle-in-cell and hydrodynamic simulations. The laser pulse, transmitted through the opaque shutter, gains a steep-rising front and its peak intensity is locally increased at the cost of losing part of its energy. These effects have a direct influence on subsequent ion acceleration from the ultrathin target behind the shutter. In our 3D simulations of silicon nitride plasma shutter and a silver target, the maximal energy of high-Z ions increases significantly when the shutter is included for both linearly and circularly polarized laser pulses. Moreover, application of the plasma shutter for linearly polarized pulse results in focusing of ions toward the laser axis in the plane perpendicular to the laser polarization. The generated high energy ion beam has significantly lower divergence compared to the broad ion cloud, generated without the shutter. The effects of prepulses are also investigated assuming a double plasma shutter. The first shutter can withstand the assumed sub-ns prepulse (treatment of ns and ps prepulses by other techniques is assumed) and the pulse shaping occurs via interaction with the second shutter. On the basis of our theoretical findings, we formulated an approach toward designing a double plasma shutter for high-intensity and high-power laser pulses and built a prototype.
Surface topography effect on tribological performance of water-lubricated journal bearing under mixed-EHL regime
Authors: Prajapati Deepak K , Ramkumar P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Water-lubricated journal bearings (WLJB) are one of the important components of the stern tube shaft. Surface topography of WLJB is an important aspect in the design of stern tube shaft, and significantly affects the lubrication characteristics of WLJB. This work aims to investigate the effect of non-Gaussian surface topography on tribological performance of water-lubricated journal bearing (WLJB) under mixed-elastohydrodynamic lubrication (mixed-EHL) regime. The non-Gaussian flow factors, and a normalized Weibull probability density function is used to tackle the non-Gaussian roughness in hydrodynamic and asperity contact models respectively. From results, it is observed that skewness (S

sk
) significantly affects both asperity contact pressure and hydrodynamic pressure along circumferential direction of bearing. It is concluded that for skewness, S

sk
= −1 to 1, lambda ratio falls between 1 to 3. The relation between altitude angle and skewness is established. The effect of bearing length to diameter (L/D) ratio on lubrication performance of WLJB is also discussed in detail.
Phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy for microstructure measurement by sweeping the repetition rate of femtosecond laser
Authors: Ning Huiwen , Huang Liu , Yan Liping , Lin Ye , Chen Benyong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy (PSDHM) for microstructure measurement by sweeping the repetition rate of femtosecond laser, and a multiple reflection arrangement between two quasi-parallel mirrors is constructed for optical multiplication. High precision phase-shifting can be achieved by sweeping the repetition rate of the femtosecond laser referenced to a Rb atomic clock without any mechanical sweeping. Optical multiplication can shorten the spatial distance of the optical delay line used for pulses alignment, make the PSDHM structure compact and stable, and avoid certain environmental disturbances. In the experiments, a ten-step phase-shifting test was first carried out for evaluating the phase-shifting accuracy, and the phase-shifting error was calculated to be in the range of −1° to 0.25°. Then, a USAF 1951 resolution target and a microstructure standard target were measured using a four-step PSDHM, and the measurement results were compared with those from a stylus profiler and a white light interferometer, respectively. The lateral resolution of PSDHM was tested to be about 2.1 μm, and the maximum error of the longitudinal measurement was within 6 nm. Experiments verify that the PSDHM system has good performance in terms of phase-shifting accuracy, surface topography measurement and coherent noise suppression.
A comparative study on the effect of CO2 laser parameters on drilling process of polycarbonate and PMMA polymers complemented by design expert
Authors: Abdulwahab Ansam E , Hubeatir Kadhim A , Imhan Khalil I 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this research, micro-drilling with a CO2 laser was conducted on two types of polymer, polycarbonate (PC) and poly methyl methacrylic (PMMA), due to their desirable chemical and physical characteristics. Design-Expert analysis has been used to better understand the laser drilling process and reduce the number of experiments needed. Based on Box–Behnken design (BBD), the experiments were designed to examine the influence of the laser parameters on the micro-drilling process. The impact of parameters, such as power (P), exposure time (t), and focal plane position (FPP), on the depth, entry diameter, and heat-affected zone (HAZ) was investigated using the statistical analysis technique ANOVA. To conduct virtual tests alongside the experimental study, the temperature distribution of the drilling mechanism was simulated using the COMSOL Multiphysics program. The refined accuracy of the simulation predicted the geometry of the hole and presented outcomes that favorably correspond with the experimental results. Experiments were optimized using numerical optimization to attain the ideal hole in CW mode for various values of laser power, exposure time, and FPP. A significant improvement in hole quality was achieved. The acquired data were validated using confirmation tests. The outcomes for the ideal full hole revealed the minimum HAZ (60 μm), with a minimum diameter (360 μm), and 1 mm hole depth occurred at zero FPP for PMMA, with laser power of 3 W and at 0.17 s. Meanwhile, for PC, the ideal hole with minimum HAZ (90 μm), minimum diameter (350 μm), and 1 mm hole depth was achieved at zero FPP, with laser power of 3.6 W and at 0.1 s.
Mathematical modelling for biomitigation of lead from waste water using packed-bed biofilm reactor
Authors: Bose Moumita 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A mathematical model was developed from first principle to predict the concentration distribution in the axial direction in a packed bed biofilm reactor used for the removal of lead from wastewater by bioremediation. The biocatalyst was prepared by immobilizing Acinetobacter
sp. 158 (isolated in-house from a native source) on a sintered sticky Earthen sphere using an attached growth technique. To evaluate the intrinsic kineticparameters necessary for the simulation, batch mode studies of the same system were carried out, and the cell growth dynamics were established. It was observed that within the concentration of lead from 0.01 kg m−3 to 0.04 kg m−3 the system followed the Monods substrate uninhibited model equation. The first order differential equation obtained through thesteady-state mass balance in the axial direction of the packed bed contained no adjustable parameters, and the equation was solved analytically. Within the lead concentration range 0.01 kg m−3−0.04 kg m−3 and flow velocity 1.43 m h−1 −5.73 m h−1 experimental data shows best alignment with the simulated values. The close fit of such experimental data with the simulated values indeed clearly indicates the validity of the proposed deterministic model equation.
Community-based participatory research on the impact of greenspace on violent crime
Authors: Shepley Mardelle McCuskey , Ames Rebecca Lauren , Leitão Renata Marques , Coleman Gloria 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background. The positive impact of greenspace on human health has been well documented, including several literature reviews and meta-analyses that have examined the broad benefits of nature connections. Researchers have also examined the relationship between nature and crime reduction and identified potential mechanisms underlying this outcome, such as the physiological impact of nature, lowered temperatures due to a reduction in the heat island effect, and places for community interaction. However, a critical shortcoming of this study is the lack of deep community involvement in the research process. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is critical to ensuring that the findings are meaningful to communities and translatable. This study expands on recent literature reviews on greenspace outcomes by focusing on community-engaged research (CER). By gathering and summarizing studies on this topic, we address two subjects: (a) strategies that can be used to improve community engagement, and (b) environmental factors that impact community outcomes in greenspace settings. Methods. To explore these issues, we used a modified version of Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for a structured literature review, employing the Web of Science, EbscoHost, Scopus, ProQuest Global, and Google Scholar databases. Results. We retrieved 772 publications using permutations of keywords related to violent crime, greenspaces, and CBPR. After eliminating duplicates, the reviewers worked in parallel to evaluate 700 titles and abstracts and identified 51 potentially relevant papers, ten of which met the requirements for inclusion in this analysis. Discussion. Based on the studies explored in this literature review, we identified the following strategies for improving CER: building partnerships, facilitating power-sharing, utilizing community-specific indicators of success, embracing perspectives of communities of color, and empowering community researchers. In the sample of studies described here, the factors contributing to the relationship between greenspace and violent crime were maintenance, activity programming, green interventions, and community involvement.
Sex bias in social deficits, neural circuits and nutrient demand in Cttnbp2 autism models
Authors: Yen Tzu-Li , Huang Tzyy-Nan , Lin Ming-Hui , Hsu Tsan-Ting , Lu Ming-Hsuan , Shih Pu-Yun , Ellegood Jacob , Lerch Jason , Hsueh Yi-Ping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders caused by both genetic and environmental factors are strongly male-biased neuropsychiatric conditions. However, the mechanism underlying the sex bias of autism spectrum disorders remains elusive. Here, we use a mouse model in which the autism-linked gene Cttnbp2 is mutated to explore the potential mechanism underlying the autism sex bias.
Autism-like features of Cttnbp2 mutant mice were assessed via behavioural assays. C-FOS staining identified sex-biased brain regions critical to social interaction, with their roles and connectivity then validated by chemogenetic manipulation. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses established sex-biased molecular deficits at synapses, prompting our hypothesis that male-biased nutrient demand magnifies Cttnbp2 deficiency. Accordingly, intakes of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and zinc were experimentally altered to assess their effect on autism-like behaviours.
Both deletion and autism-linked mutation of Cttnbp2 result in male-biased social deficits. Seven brain regions, including the infralimbic area of the medial prefrontal cortex (ILA), exhibit reduced neural activity in male mutant mice but not in females upon social stimulation. ILA activation by chemogenetic manipulation is sufficient to activate four of those brain regions susceptible to Cttnbp2 deficiency and consequently to ameliorate social deficits in male mice, implying an ILA-regulated neural circuit is critical to male-biased social deficits. Proteomics analysis reveals male-specific downregulated proteins (including SHANK2 and PSD-95, two synaptic zinc-binding proteins) and female-specific upregulated proteins (including RRAGC) linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, which are likely relevant to male-biased deficits and a female protective effect observed in Cttnbp2 mutant mice. Notably, RRAGC is an upstream regulator of mTOR that senses BCAA, suggesting that mTOR exerts a beneficial effect on females. Indeed, increased BCAA intake activates the mTOR pathway and rescues neuronal responses and social behaviours of male Cttnbp2 mutant mice. Moreover, mutant males exhibit greatly increased zinc demand to display normal social behaviours.
Mice carrying an autism-linked Cttnbp2 mutation exhibit male-biased social deficits linked to specific brain regions, differential synaptic proteomes and higher demand for BCAA and zinc. We postulate that lower demand for zinc and BCAA are relevant to the female protective effect. Our study reveals a mechanism underlying sex-biased social defects and also suggests a potential therapeutic approach for autism spectrum disorders.
Structural and functional alterations in cerebral small vessel disease: an ALE-based meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yingying , Liu Xin , Jia Xuejia , Li Haoyuan , Jia Xiuqin , Yang Qi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the most important causes of stroke and dementia. Although increasing studies have reported alterations of brain structural or neuronal functional activity exhibited in patients with CSVD, it is still unclear which alterations are reliable. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to establish which brain structural or neuronal functional activity changes in those studies were consistent. Activation likelihood estimation revealed that changes in neuronal functional activity in the left angular gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate cortex/left medial prefrontal cortex, right rolandic operculum, and alterations of gray structure in the left insular cortex/superior temporal gyrus/claustrum were reliable in sporadic CSVD. Decreased neuronal functional activity in the caudate head, anterior cingulate cortex, and reduced gray matter volume in the insular cortex/superior temporal gyrus/claustrum were associated with CSVD-related cognitive impairment. Furthermore, unlike sporadic CSVD, the reliable alterations of neuronal functional activity in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy were concentrated in the left parahippocampal gyrus. The current study presents stable brain structural and neuronal functional abnormalities within the brain, which can help further understand the pathogenesis of CSVD and CSVD-cognitive impairment and provide an index to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment protocols.

Highlights
• Default mode network and salience network are reliable networks affected in sporadic CSVD in resting-state.
• Altered corticostriatal circuitry is associated with cognitive decline.
• Decreased gray matter volume in the insular cortex is stable “remote effects” of sporadic CSVD.
• The parahippocampal gyrus may be a reliable affected brain region in CADASIL.
The left inferior frontal gyrus is causally linked to vocal feedback control: evidence from high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation
Authors: Li Tingni , Chang Yichen , Zhao Shuzhi , Jones Jeffery A , Chen Xi , Gan Chu , Wu Xiuqin , Dai Guangyan , Li Jingting , Shen Ying , Liu Peng , Liu Hanjun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Current models of speech motor control propose a role for the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in feedforward control of speech production. There is evidence, however, that has implicated the functional relevance of the left IFG for the neuromotor processing of vocal feedback errors. The present event-related potential (ERP) study examined whether the left IFG is causally linked to auditory feedback control of vocal production with high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation (HD-tACS). After receiving active or sham HD-tACS over the left IFG at 6 or 70 Hz, 20 healthy adults vocalized the vowel sounds while hearing their voice unexpectedly pitch-shifted by ±200 cents. The results showed that 6 or 70 Hz HD-tACS over the left IFG led to larger magnitudes and longer latencies of vocal compensations for pitch perturbations paralleled by larger ERP P2 responses than sham HD-tACS. Moreover, there was a lack of frequency specificity that showed no significant differences between 6 and 70 Hz HD-tACS. These findings provide first causal evidence linking the left IFG to vocal pitch regulation, suggesting that the left IFG is an important part of the feedback control network that mediates vocal compensations for auditory feedback errors.