bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LTNE Effects on Triple-Diffusive Convection in Nanofluids
Authors: Shukla Shushant , Gupta Urvashi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Triple-diffusive convection for nanofluids in which differences in density are derived because of triple diffusion process, i.e., with three diffusing components: nanoparticles, solute, and heat, using more realistic two temperature model with separate thermal energy equations for the two phases of the considered nanofluid has been investigated by making use of the method of superposition and one term Galerkin technique. A complex system with local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) effects along with the Brownian motions and thermophoresis to account for nanoparticles has been considered. The problem is solved for top-heavy arrangement of nanoparticles leading to stationary mode of convection and numerical computations are carried out by using Mathematica software. An additional solute concentration equation supplements the conservation equations due to the existence of solute, which introduces two additional nondimensional parameters, whereas three additional parameters came into existence due to the consideration of LTNE effects. The critical Rayleigh number remains constant for smaller values of interphase heat transfer parameter, whereas it diminishes for the intermediate range and approaches to constant value for higher ranges of the parameters. What all this means is that only the intermediate range of Nield parameter shows stabilizing/destabilizing effects. Interestingly, the additional parameters Lewis number and solute Rayleigh number enhance the effect of destabilization of considered nanofluid layer.
Energy and Exergy Analyses of Multiple Biodiesel Blended Diesel Engine
Authors: Sayyed Siraj , Das Randip Kumar , Kulkarni Kishor 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the experimental investigation of direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine runs with multiple biodiesels–diesel blended and neat diesel fuels along with the energy-exergy analysis to evaluate quantitative and qualitative data for determining energy and exergy efficiencies, losses, and exergy destruction. Second-generation biodiesels are utilized to conduct experiments on engine with constant speed and full throttle condition at a compression ratio of 17.5:1. Energy analysis is based on experimental data, and exergy analysis is performed with the help of derived formula using chemical and molecular structures. Variation in the performance, combustion, and emission parameters for B0, B10, and B20 blends reveals that BTE, AFR, η(mech.), η(vol.), CP, and CO decrease with the increase in BSEC, EGT, MGT, RPR, NHR, CO2, HC, and NOx. Energy-exergy analysis shows that the combustion and exergetic efficiencies are maximum for the B20 blend (+87.73%) and (+52.04%) at 2.5 kW and 3.3 kW BPs. Exergy destructed is observed to be three-fifth of total available exergy. Half of the heat supplied is carried away by cooling water while one-third of heat is converted into brake power, and the remaining heat is lost in exhaust gases and unaccounted losses.
Plant Pigments in Bottom Sediment Cores as Indicators of the Trophic State in Large Shallow Lakes Vozhe and Lacha (Russia)
Authors: Sigareva L. E. , Timofeeva N. A. , Zakonnov V. V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The first data on the content of plant pigments is presented for the cores of bottom sediments sampled in large shallow lakes Vozhe and Lacha located in the upper reaches of the Onega River. In the 1-m core of olive silts, the total concentration of chlorophyll a and pheopigments varied within 35–236 (94.2 ± 3.3) in Lake Vozhe and 58–118 (83.8 ± 1.3) μg/g dry sediment in Lake Lacha. The degree of chlorophyll destruction in the cores from Lake Lacha (98.7 ± 0.2%) was higher than in Lake Vozhe (85.2 ± 0.7%). Considering the average long-term sedimentation rate of 0.2 and 0.4 mm/year in Lakes Vozhe and Lacha, respectively, the annual vertical flux of chlorophyll a and pheopigments is 4.0 and 6.2 mg/(m2 · year) for the last 2500 years, respectively. Nowadays, the average annual rate of pigment accumulation is almost the same in the lakes (5.6 and 5.3 mg/(m2 · year)). Over the period under consideration until now, different patterns of long-term dynamics of pigment accumulation in the studied lakes have been revealed; in particular, there is a positive trend in Lake Vozhe and a negative trend in Lake Lacha.
Severe case of refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura requiring splenectomy after the COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Koilpillai Sarina , Dominguez Bianca , Khan Azeem , Carlan Steve 
Published: June 2022

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies against platelet antigens resulting in platelet destruction and inhibition of platelet production. Occasionally, an inciting event such as a virus or vaccination can precipitate ITP. Several cases of ITP have been reported after the BTN162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccines. All reported cases of post-vaccination ITP have resolved with medical therapy until this case.A man in his mid-20s developed bleeding from ITP 2 weeks after receiving the second dose of the Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. All inpatient medical treatment attempts failed. On hospital day 40, a splenectomy was performed and he ultimately recovered and was discharged.Awareness of potential vaccination side effects is a fundamental element of refining and improving patient safety. This case illustrates that given the right circumstances, serious refractory ITP can develop in response to the second dose of the Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
Prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors among HIV-infected adults at the time of ART initiation at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Aemro Agazhe , Workneh Belayneh Shetie , Mekonen Enyew Getaneh , Wassie Mulugeta , Chekol Basazinew 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors at the time of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among HIV-infected adults at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.MethodsAn institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 473 patients’ charts enrolled from 2014 to 2018 at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Patients’ chart numbers were selected from the computer using a simple random sampling technique. Data were entered using Epi Info V.7.2.2.6 and analysed with Stata V.14.0. Anaemia prevalence at the time of ART initiation was computed and described using frequency tables. To identify factors for anaemia, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted. Model fitness was checked using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.ResultsFrom 473 patients’ charts, 468 charts were included in the analysis, and a total of 164 anaemia cases were recorded. The overall prevalence of anaemia among HIV-infected adults at the time of ART initiation was 35.04% (95% CI: 30.84% to 39.49%). After multivariate analysis, an increased risk of anaemia was seen among males (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.45; 95% CI: 1.51 to 3.98); those not attending formal education (AOR=2.38; 95% CI: 1.12 to 5.05); those who had baseline CD4+ T cell count ≤200 cells/mm3(AOR=4.67; 95% CI: 2.78 to 7.85); had body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2(AOR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.42 to 4.16) and had ambulatory/bedridden baseline functional status (AOR=2.69; 95% CI: 1.41 to 5.12).ConclusionThe current study showed that a significant proportion of HIV-infected adults developed anaemia at the time of ART initiation. Hence, giving special attention to those who have not attended formal education, were males, had decreased baseline CD4+ T cell count, had lower BMI and patients with ambulatory/bedridden baseline functional status is crucial to reduce the health impact of anaemia. The result will provide insight into the development of new anaemia preventive strategies.
Assessment of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 OLI for Small-Scale Inland Water Quality Modeling and Monitoring Based on Handheld Hyperspectral Ground Truthing
Authors: Abdelal Qasem , Assaf Mohammed N. , Al-Rawabdeh Abdulla , Arabasi Sameer , Rawashdeh Nathir A. 
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the best available methods for remote monitoring inland small-scale waterbodies, using remote sensing data from both Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellites, utilizing a handheld hyperspectral device for ground truthing. Monitoring was conducted to evaluate water quality indicators: chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and turbidity. Ground truthing was performed to select the most suitable atmospheric correction technique (ACT). Several ACT have been tested: dark spectrum fitting (DSF), dark object subtraction (DOS), atmospheric and topographic correction (ATCOR), and exponential extrapolation (EXP). Classical sampling was conducted first; then, the resulting concentrations were compared to those obtained using remote sensing analysis by the above-mentioned ACT. This research revealed that DOS and DSF achieved the best performance (an advantage ranging between 29% and 47%). Further, we demonstrated the appropriateness of the use of Sentinel-2 red and vegetation red edge reciprocal bands

1
/

B
4
×
B
6

for estimating Chl-a (

R

2

=
0.82

,

RMSE
=
14.52

mg
/

m

3

). As for Landsat-8, red to near-infrared ratio (

B
4
/
B
5

) produced the best performing model (

R

2

=
0.71

,

RMSE
=
39.88

mg
/

m

3

), but it did not perform as well as Sentinel-2. Regarding turbidity, the best model (

R

2

=
0.85

,

RMSE
=
0.87

NTU) obtained by Sentinel-2 utilized a single band (B4), while the best model (with

R

2

=
0.64

,

RMSE
=
0.90

NTU) using Landsat-8 was performed by applying two bands (

B
1
/
B
3

). Mapping the water quality parameters using the best performance biooptical model showed the significant effect of the adjacent land on the boundary pixels compared to pixels of deeper water.
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition and Associated Outcomes by Race and Ethnicity in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Data From CHAMP‐HF
Authors: Chapman Brittany , Hellkamp Anne S. , Thomas Laine E. , Albert Nancy M. , Butler Javed , Patterson J. Herbert , Hernandez Adrian F. , Williams Fredonia B. , Shen Xian , Spertus John A. , Fonarow Gregg C. , DeVore Adam D. 
Published: June 2022

Background
There are limited data on the use of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) in minority populations with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. We used data from the CHAMP‐HF (Change the Management of Patients With Heart Failure) registry to evaluate ARNI initiation and associated changes in health status and clinical outcomes across different races and ethnicities.

Methods and Results

CHAMP‐HF was a prospective, observational registry of US outpatients with chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction. We compared patients starting ARNI with patients not starting ARNI using a propensity‐matched analysis. Patients were grouped as Hispanic, non‐Hispanic Black, non‐Hispanic White, or non‐Hispanic other individuals, where “non‐Hispanic other” consists of all patients who did not identify as Hispanic, Black, or White. Health status was assessed using the 12‐item Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed with multivariable models that included race and ethnicity, ARNI initiation, and an interaction term between race and ethnicity and ARNI initiation. Cox proportional hazards models were used for death/HF hospitalization, and multiple regression was used for change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score. The analysis included 1516 patients, with 758 patients in each group (ARNI and no ARNI). Changes in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score after ARNI initiation were similar among all race and ethnicity groups (mean [SD], non‐Hispanic White individuals, 3.5 [19.0]; non‐Hispanic Black individuals, 2.0 [17.0]; non‐Hispanic other individuals, 5.5 [20.3]; and Hispanic individuals, 3.2 [20.1]), with no statistically significant interaction between race and ethnicity and ARNI initiation (
P
=0.21). There was similarly no statistically significant interaction between race and ethnicity and ARNI initiation for HF hospitalization (
P
=0.82) or all‐cause mortality (
P
=0.92).

Conclusions
In a large registry of outpatients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, the association between ARNI initiation and outcomes did not differ by race and ethnicity. These data support the use of ARNI therapy for chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction irrespective of race and ethnicity.
Impact of Financial Considerations on Willingness to Take Sacubitril/Valsartan for Heart Failure
Authors: Rao Birju R. , Speight Candace D. , Allen Larry A. , Halpern Scott D. , Ko Yi‐An , Matlock Daniel D. , Moore Miranda A. , Morris Alanna A. , Scherer Laura D. , Thomson Mary C. , Ubel Peter , Dickert Neal W. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Sacubitril/valsartan improves health outcomes for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction relative to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, but it carries higher out‐of‐pocket costs. Neither the impact of cost nor how to integrate cost into medical decisions is well studied.

Methods and Results

To evaluate the impact of out‐of‐pocket costs and a novel cost‐priming intervention on willingness to take sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, participants with self‐reported heart disease were surveyed using the online Ipsos Knowledge Panel. Participants were presented with a modified decision aid for sacubitril/valsartan and then, in a 3×2 factorial design, randomly assigned to 1 of 3 cost conditions ($10, $50, or $100/month) and to a control group or cost‐priming intervention, defined by being asked questions about their financial situation before learning about the benefits of sacubitril/valsartan. Of the 1013 participants included in the analysis, 85% of respondents were willing to take sacubitril/valsartan at $10, 62% at $50, and 33% at $100 (
P
<0.0001). In a multivariable logistic regression model, participants were more likely to take sacubitril/valsartan at $10 versus $100 (odds ratio [OR], 14.3 [95% CI, 9.4–21.8]) and $50 compared with $100 (OR, 3.6 [95% CI, 2.5–5.1]). Overall, participants in the cost‐primed group were more willing to take sacubitril/valsartan than those not primed to consider their financial situation (63% versus 56%,
P
=0.04). There was no statistically significant interaction between cost conditions and cost priming. Perceived benefit of sacubitril/valsartan over angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers decreased as cost increased but did not vary by cost priming.

Conclusions
Commonly encountered out‐of‐pocket costs of sacubitril/valsartan may impact individuals’ willingness to take the medication even when recommended by their physicians. Priming individuals to consider personal finances before learning about the drug increased willingness to take sacubitril/valsartan.
Impacts of Instrumented Bottom Frame on Flow and Turbulence Measurements
Authors: Chen Zhixing , Bian Changwei , Jiang Wensheng , Lu Youyu , Mao Xinyan , Liu Xiaolei , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A series of laboratory experiments are carried out to demonstrate the impacts of instrumented bottom frame legs on flow and turbulence. The magnitudes of vertical velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, dissipation, and shear stress induced by the frame legs depend on several factors, including the diameter and number of the frame legs, distances between the legs and the observational location, and the magnitude of the incoming flow and its direction with respect to the layout of the frame. In situ observations were carried out near the mouth of the Yellow River using two acoustic Doppler velocimeters mounted on a bottom frame. The estimated vertical velocity and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate show a significant asymmetry with flood and ebb tidal flows. This asymmetry can be partly explained by the influences of the bottom frame legs. Finally, the design and deployment principles of bottom frames are discussed for the purpose of reducing the impacts of the frame legs.

Significance Statement
Instrumented bottom frames are widely used for observations in the oceanic bottom boundary layer and above. However, the impacts of frame legs on the observed flow and turbulence have rarely been investigated. A series of laboratory experiments demonstrate that frame legs can induce vertical flow and enhanced turbulence, and the magnitudes of these influences vary with the size and layout of the frame legs and the magnitude and direction of the background flow. The results of the laboratory experiments can partially explain an “asymmetry” behavior of the vertical flow and turbulent kinetic energy with the flood and ebb tidal flows, derived from in situ observations near the mouth of the Yellow River.
Comparison of outcomes and complications in conventional versus ultrasound-accelerated catheter directed thrombolysis for treatment of pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Farrokhi Mehrdad , Khurshid Maria , Yarmohammadi Bardia , Mangouri Amir , Alipour-Khabir Yalda , Alipour-Khabir Sevda , Sargazi Moghadam Nasibeh , Mosalanejad Shima , Nourizadeh Sama , Jafari Sina , Amani-Beni Reza , Hosseini-Saryazdi Seyyed-Mohammad , Zarei Shiva , Sanjarian Sahar , Babasafari Hesam‐aldin , Shakori Poshteh Shiva , Masoudi Negar , Zahedpasha Reza , Kiani Moein , Jalalifar Fatemeh , Taheri Fatemeh 
Published: June 2022

Background Acute submassive a massive pulmonary embolism are known as leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in emergency departments. Choosing the optimal type of catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) for treatment of pulmonary embolism presents a quandary to the practitioners. To the best of our knowledge, there is no meta-analysis comparing superiority of conventional CDT and ultrasound-accelerated catheter directed thrombolysis (USACDT). Therefore, in this meta-analysis, we aimed to compare conventional CDT with USACDT regarding clinical outcomes and safety profile. Methods A systematic literature search of previous published studies comparing conventional CDT with USACDT regarding clinical outcomes and safety profile was carried out in the electronic databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane from inception to December 2021. Data were analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA, version 3). Results The meta-analysis included nine studies with a total of 705 patients. Our meta-analysis showed that there is no significant difference between two groups with respect to pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (SMD: −0.084; 95% CI: −0.287 to 0.12; p: 0.41), RV/LV (SMD: −0.003; 95% CI: −0.277 to 0.270; p: 0.98), and Miller score (SMD: −0.345; 95% CI: −1.376 to 0.686; p: 0.51). Similarly, we found no statistically significant differences between two groups regarding major and minor bleeding ( p > .05). Conclusion Our meta-analysis showed that when compared with USACDT, conventional CDT provides similar clinical and hemodynamic outcomes or safety for treatment of pulmonary embolism without the need for very expensive technologies. However, randomized clinical trials are required to further investigate cost-effectiveness of USACDT in comparison with conventional CDT.
A nationwide mobility service guarantee for Austria: possible design scenarios and implications
Authors: Laa Barbara , Shibayama Takeru , Brezina Tadej , Schönfelder Stefan , Damjanovic Dragana , Szalai Elke , Hammel Manuel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
We present a sketch for a nationwide “Mobility Service Guarantee” (MSG) for Austria. The approach follows a new paradigm, turning away from car-centric transport policy and planning and towards the extensive provision of public transport. The approach is complemented by the provision of demand-responsive transport services and the support of vehicle sharing as well as active mobility. This combination should serve as an effective alternative option to the use of private cars.

Purpose
The aim of this study is to develop a tangible definition of a nationwide MSG in the Austrian context as well as possible design scenarios.

Methods
We took a multi-dimensional approach, using literature review to research existing concepts of mobility guarantees, analysing secondary data on current mobility behaviour and public transport provision and conducting stakeholder workshops.

Results
We define possible scenarios envisioning a nationwide MSG including different extents of maximum distance to public transport stops and minimum frequency. We discuss the limitations of the MSG with respect to spatial, temporal and modal coverage, as well as how such a guarantee could be embedded in the existing legal system.

Conclusions
We conclude that a nationwide MSG could be an important element of sustainable transport policy that should be embedded in a wider strategy of infrastructure and service design as well as demand management.