bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le cercle vicieux du désir dans La Peau de chagrin
Authors: Maestrali Antonia 
Published: November 2022

Cet article se propose d’explorer les différentes facettes du désir présentées dans le roman : le désir d’argent, de réussite, mais aussi bien sûr le désir amoureux et charnel. Le désir rejoint le thème de l’énergie, au cœur du parcours qui accompagne l’étude de l’œuvre en classe de première. Cette notion semble particulièrement riche car porteuse de contradictions, le désir s’envisageant comme une puissance à la fois vitale et morbide dans le roman, ou pour reprendre les termes du parcours : à la fois créatrice et destructrice. À travers le personnage de Raphaël de Valentin, différentes questions susceptibles d’intéresser les élèves peuvent se poser : jusqu’où est-on prêt à aller pour obtenir ce que l’on désire ? Y a-t‑il de bons et de mauvais désirs ? Réaliser ses désirs rend-il heureux ? Au-delà du protagoniste, d’autres personnages seront analysés comme différents avatars du désir (Rastignac, le vieillard, Euphrasie et Aquilina…), et l’ensemble du système des personnages pourra être étudié à travers le prisme de la circulation du désir.
Acid pickling of carbon steel
Authors: Anderez Arkaiz , Alguacil Francisco J. , López Félix A. 
Published: November 2022

This study reviews the possibilities of recovering the pickling waters from carbon and galvanised steel. Acid pickling with hydrochloric acid (HCl) is the most widely used chemical process to remove iron oxides from the metal surface without any significant attack on the steel itself. The acid pickling bath contains mainly ferrous chloride (FeCl2) produced by the reaction between the steel and free hydrochloric acid. However, zinc chloride (ZnCl2) is also found in the pickling of carbon steel parts prior to galvanisation, as the hooks and tools used to hang the carbon steel parts are also galvanised and reuse again polluting with Zn the pickling waters. Pickling water recovery or recycling technologies primarily seek the reuse of HCl in two ways. Partially by recovering the unreacted HCl or fully by breaking the FeCl2 bond through Pyrolysis technologies such as fluidised bed and spray roasting which in turn produces another iron oxide by-product. However, the most common by-product produced by pickling water recovery and recycling technologies is ferric chloride (FeCl3), as it is a coagulant widely used in wastewater treatment. However, if the pickling water contains ZnCl2 or other metals, the production of FeCl3 becomes unattractive and the pickling water is neutralised and deposited in landfill sites. This study also discusses a wide range of technologies capable of recovering all or part of the pickling water, including galvanic pickling water, that are usually excluded from circular economy strategies.
Le chantier est un atelier : l’architecte dans ses différents rôles et le processus de transformation à l’œuvre sur le chantier de l’église Saint-Sulpice à Paris (1700-1750)
Authors: Losserand Léonore 
Published: November 2022

Dans la suite des nombreuses études sur la construction de l’église Saint-Sulpice à Paris, cet article propose de montrer les contingences qui ont influencé les décisions prises en cours de chantier. Au-delà du clivage artiste/commanditaire, trop réducteur, on comprend que l’architecte – ici Jean-Nicolas Servandoni – n’est pas l’unique maître à bord et doit tenir compte des différents avis et réalités matérielles au cours du chantier, jusqu’à voir le projet initial passablement modifié. Cela est possible par la réévaluation du pouvoir décisionnaire en matière de chantier au sein des paroisses en général et de celle de Saint-Sulpice en particulier. Car la partition jouée par le conseil de fabrique n’est pas à négliger, non plus que celle du curé – le célèbre abbé Languet de Gergy. Ce dernier n’est pas un cas isolé à son époque, même si le terme de « curé bâtisseur » est anachronique. De plus, la pérennité des méthodes de construction – de plus en plus standardisées – dans les chantiers impose des reprises partielles lors de la mise en œuvre et lorsqu’il s’agit de modifier ce qui a déjà été construit. Enfin, la manière de produire des dessins en cours de chantier, qui pour modifier, qui pour préciser – voire inventer – certains éléments du bâti, montre que le chantier est un lieu de transformation du projet, une sorte de laboratoire d’un chantier pérenne. Production de l’homme de l’art – l’architecte –, le dessin de chantier, production graphique de nature variée en cours de chantier qui vient modifier ou préciser le dessein de l’architecte, est aussi une manière moderne de construire.
Recherches sur Servandoni
Authors: La Gorce Jérôme de 
Published: November 2022

Cette étude répond à un certain nombre de questions essentielles concernant la vie et l’œuvre de Servandoni, qui avait des origines à la fois française (Lyon) et italienne (Florence). Son principal mécène était le pape et son travail a été influencé par la Rome antique et le Vatican (Le Bernin). Au début de sa carrière, il devint célèbre dans toute l’Europe, et sa réputation ne cessa de grandir après sa mort en 1766. Il fut actif à Londres, Lisbonne, Bruxelles, Dresde, Stuttgart et Vienne où, lors du mariage de l’archiduc Joseph d’Autriche et d’Isabelle de Bourbon-Parme en 1759 il transforma l’une des salles de la Hofburg, celle des Redoutes, pour accueillir trois divertissements : un festin, un bal et le spectacle musical de Gluck, Tetide. Remarquons toutefois qu’il ne remporta pas toujours des succès à Paris dans les domaines de l’architecture et de la peinture.
Nursing students’ perception on their readiness to combat gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tomas Nestor , Rupare Gideon 
Published: November 2022

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a critical public health concern, demanding for global coordinated efforts. While nursing students form part of a healthcare team with significant roles in identifying and responding to abused victims, studies assessing their readiness to combat GBV are limited in Namibia.Aim: To assess undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions and to determine the relationship of the study variables to readiness to combat GBV during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Namibia.Setting: This study was conducted at a university satellite campus in Namibia.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 105 third and fourth-year undergraduate nursing students using ADKAR model. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 27.0, for descriptive statistics and logistic regression in determining relationships between study variables.Results: The study results show a mean readiness of 1.65 ± 0.19. Most respondents perceived themselves ready (73.3%), whereas 26.7% were not. Readiness was common with reinforcement (89.5%) and awareness (84.8%), knowledge (81.9%) and desire (76.2%) subscales. Predictors of readiness in this study were gender and age (R2 = 0.40; R2 = 0.37; p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study highlight that age and gender were significant predictors for readiness among the undergraduate students in Namibia. The results highlight the importance of GBV education in a nursing curriculum. A qualitative design is recommended for future studies.Contribution: The results of this study will support global efforts in strengthening the health system response on GBV incidences.
Improving population health through targeted policies on water sanitation and hygiene: Case study of water, sanitation and hygiene related practices in the Hohoe Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Mensah Derrick , Ayanore Martin A. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Policies that improve the availability of safe drinking water, good hygiene practices and adequate sanitation conditions are considered crucial ingredients to sustain and improve the health of all populations. To attain the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals require concerted efforts globally to improve or health related morbidity outcomes as a result of poor water sources, sanitation and unhygienic conditions.Aim: The study assessed water, sanitation and hygiene related practices among household residents in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana with the aim of mapping out targeted policies required to improve urban population health in Ghana.Setting: Hohoe Municipality, Ghana.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data among 403 household residents in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana. Participants were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire, entered, cleaned and analyzed in STATA version 13.1.Findings: About 16.4% of the participants practiced open defecation. Overall, 58% of the 403 household residents had adequate hygiene practice levels. Percentages of participants that had improved, unimproved and piped drinking water sources were 67%, 14% and 19% respectively.Conclusion: Participants generally had a fairly adequate hygiene practice level and access to improved drinking water source. While almost half of the participants did not own or shared a private toilet facility. Our findings underscore the need for WASH interventions including policies to improve upon WASH practices among the households in Hohoe Municipality.
Evaluation of the Potential Protectivity of Both Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale on the Cadmium-Induced Testicular Damage in Rats
Authors: El-Aziz Gamal Said Abd , Hindi Emad A. , Aggad Waheeb S. , Alturkistani Hani A. , Halawani Mervat M. , Alyazidi Anas S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background:
Cadmium (Cd) is a widely spread environmental pollutant, listed among the unsafe metals due to known toxic effects on multiple organs, including the testes. In this study, we aim to evaluate the potential protectivity of garlic and ginger extracts on Cd-induced damage of the testis in rats.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-six adult male albino rats were alienated into seven groups; control group, garlic-treated group, and ginger-treated group were given garlic and ginger extracts at doses of 250 mg and 120 mg/kg b.wt/day, Cd-treated group received 8.8 mg/Kg b.wt/day of Cd chloride, and the protected groups were given Cd and co-treated with garlic, ginger, or both extracts. The testes were subjected to different procedures to assess the oxidative status and histopathological changes.

Results:
Cd-treated rats showed a significant reduction in the testis weight and morphometric measurements of the seminiferous tubules compared to the control group. Cd administration resulted in a marked drop in the testosterone level and activities of antioxidative enzymes. Moreover, Cd induced histopathological changes in the seminiferous tubules. Co-administration of garlic and ginger extracts with the Cd showed partial improvement in the investigated parameters toward the control figures and improvement in the morphological changes. Co-treating both extracts together and the Cd resulted in complete normalization of these adverse effects of Cd.

Conclusion:
These findings indicated that garlic and ginger extracts could ameliorate the harmful effects of Cd on the testis. This effect was more prominent when garlic and ginger extracts were co-administered together with Cd.
Comparison and Validation of Multiple Detectors against Monte Carlo Simulation for the Use of Small-Field Dosimetry
Authors: Parveen Nazia , Ramachandran Prabhakar , Seshadri Venkatakrishnan , Perrett Ben , Fielding Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the Exradin W2 scintillator, PTW microDiamond, IBA Razor Nano, and IBA Razor chamber detectors for small-field dose measurements and validate the measured data against the EGSnrc user code and observe the variation between daisy-chained and direct measurement methods for the above detectors.

Materials and Methods:
The W2 scintillator, microDiamond, Razor Nano, and Razor chamber detectors were used to measure the in-plane and cross-plane profiles and the output factors (OFs) at 10 cm depth, and 90 source-to-surface distance for 6MV X-rays (Elekta Versa HD). The field sizes ranged from 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm to 5 cm × 5 cm. The BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc user codes (EGSnrc) were used to simulate the reference profiles. Gamma analysis was performed to compare the measured and simulated dose distributions.

Results:
The OFs measured with the W2 scintillator, microDiamond, Razor Nano chamber, Razor chamber, and the calculated Monte Carlo (MC) showed agreement to within 1% for the 3 cm × 3 cm field size. The uncertainty in the MC simulation was observed to be 0.4%. The percent difference in OFs measured using daisy-chained and direct measurement methods was within 0.15%, 0.4%, 1.4%, and 2.4% for microDiamond, W2 scintillator, Nano, and Razor chamber detectors, respectively.

Conclusion:
The lateral beam profiles and OFs of W2 scintillator, microDiamond, Razor Nano, and Razor chambers exhibit good agreement with the MC simulation within the nominal field sizes. Our results demonstrate that we can achieve considerable time-saving by directly measuring small-field OFs without daisy-chained methods using microDiamond and W2 scintillator. In terms of ease of use, sensitivity, reproducibility, and from a practical standpoint, we recommend microDiamond for small-field dosimetry.
Dose Estimation Using Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter and EBT3 Films for Various Treatment Techniques in Alderson Rando Phantom and Estimation of Secondary Cancer Incidence for Carcinoma of Left Breast
Authors: Sushma N. , Kaginelli Shanmukhappa , Sathiyaraj P. , Vasanthan Sakthivel , Ganesh K. M. 
Published: November 2022

Aim:
The aim of this study was to measure the dose to planning target and organ at risk (OAR) using Alderson Rando phantom for various treatment techniques in left breast radiotherapy and to estimate the secondary cancer incidence.

Materials and Methods:
Eleven different combinations of plans containing four techniques (three dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy [IMRT], volumetric modulated arc therapy [VMAT], and combination of 3DCRT and VMAT plans (HYBRID)) were created with 6 MV FF and 6 MV FFF (flattening filter and flattening filter-free) photon energies in phantom. Planned target volume and OAR doses in 23 different locations were measured using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) and EBT3 films. Assuming the age of exposure as 30 years, lifetime attributable risk (LAR) was estimated based on excess absolute risk (EAR) models outlined in the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII report.

Results:
Film showed maximum deviations of 6.15% with IMRT_C_FF plan when compared with treatment planning system (TPS). The maximum percentage difference of 1.7% was found with OSLD measurement when compared with TPS for VMAT_T_FFF plan. EAR estimation was done for all the OARs including target. The LARs for left lung, right lung, and right breast were evaluated. The maximum LAR values of 2.92 ± 0.14 were found for left lung with VMAT_C_FFF plans.

Conclusion:
This study shows that both OSLD and EBT3 films are suitable for dose measurements using Rando phantom. OSLD shows superior results when compared with films, especially with relatively larger distances. Maximum LAR values were found with VMAT_C_FFF plans. Considering the secondary cancer risk associated with the patients treated in the younger age group, it is suggested that in vivo dose estimation should be a part of treatment quality audit whenever possible.
Investigation of Different Components of Parallel-Hole Collimator Response to Different Radioisotope Energies Used in Nuclear Medicine Imaging
Authors: Noori-Asl Mahsa , Jeddi-Dashghapou Sara 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
The quality of images obtained from the nuclear medicine imaging systems depends on different factors. One of the most important of these factors is the geometrical and physical characteristics of collimator used for imaging with a given radioisotope.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of different components of collimator response for determining the most suitable parallel-hole collimator for the different radioisotope energies used in nuclear medicine imaging.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, the SIMIND Monte Carlo simulation program is used to determine the contribution of geometrical, penetrating and scattered response components of four hexagonal parallel-hole collimators including low-energy high-resolution (LEHR), low-energy general-purpose (LEGP), medium-energy general-purpose (MEGP), and high-energy general-purpose (HEGP) collimators, for 12 different energies used in nuclear medicine imaging.

Results:
According to the simulation results, the use of both the LEHR and LEGP collimators leads to a geometrical component above 60% for energies between 69 and 171 keV. On the other hand, for energies between 185 and 245 keV, the MEGP collimator and for energy of 364 keV, the HEGP collimator gives the geometrical components above 70% and 60%, respectively, while for energy of 511 keV, the geometrical response of all four collimators is below 20%.

Conclusion:
The results of this study show that for two low-energy single-photopeak radioisotopes, Tc-99m and I-123, the LEHR and LEGP collimators, and for high-energy single-photopeak radioisotope, I-131, the HEGP collimator are most suitable collimators. For dual-photopeak In-111 radioisotope and triple-photopeak Ga-67 radioisotope, the MEGP and HEGP collimators and for triple-photopeak Tl-201 radioisotopes, the LEHR and LEGP collimators are proposed as most suitable collimators.
Sonographic Findings in Patients with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital
Authors: Yahuza M.A. , Abba M. , Fatima N.M. , Dambele M.Y. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy is a common presentation in acute gyneacological settings. Ultrasonography is a popular and faster option for evaluating patients with these conditions. This is because it is a readily available, safe, and non-invasive imaging method for evaluating pregnancies, especially in the first trimester.
Objective: To assess thesonographic findings in pregnant patients with first-trimester vaginal bleeding.
Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study from patient’s record that was presented to the radiology department for a pelvic ultrasound on account of vaginal bleeding in their first trimester pregnancies for the year 2020. A prepared data collection sheet was used to document the sonographic findings for further analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and the results were presented in tables.
Results: A total of 120 pregnant patients were recruited, with their ages ranging from 17- 47 years. The mean age was 29.59± 6.68 years. Threatened abortion was the common finding (32.5%), followed by complete abortion (30.8%), incomplete abortion (24.2%), missed abortion (5%), and ectopic pregnancy (3.3%). Anembyonic pregnancy had (2%) while inevitable abortion and molar gestation had (1.7%) each.
Conclusion: Ultrasonography has proven to be a reliable diagnostic tool for patients with the first trimester bleeding Threatened and incomplete abortion were the common sonographic findings. Patients presenting with this clinical indication stand a chance to enjoy the timely results from ultrasound which will facilitate physicians' decision on the next ideal management for better outcomes.
Sonographic Dimension of Fetal Nuchal Translucency in Kano Metropolis: A single Center Study
Authors: Abba M. , Aisha J.A. , Barde M. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Nuchal Translucency Thickness (NTT) is a hypo-echoic region of subcutaneous fluid accumulation in the posterior neck region at the level of the cervical spine between the skin and soft tissues and is mostly found at 11–13 weeks of fetal gestation. It is visualised with a mid-sagittal ultrasound view of the fetus in a neutral position. The NTT provides a risk assessment for chromosomal abnormalities which has been used as a marker of possible fetal abnormalities. Hence, the justification to conduct the present study.
Aim: To establish the mean fetal nuchal translucency thickness with corresponding gestational age (GA) and to assess the correlation between Crown Rump Length (CRL), GA, and NTT among apparently healthy pregnant women.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 apparently normal consenting pregnant women in their late first trimester in the Radiology department of Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano from February 2021 to May 2021. Ultrasonographic measurements of the crown-rump length (CRL), gestational age (GA), and NTT were performed on pregnancies within 11 to 13 weeks of gestation. Their 2.5th, 25th, median and 97.5th percentiles of the NTT, GA, and CRL were determined using SPSS version 23 (IBM, 2017). Indicate correlation… as part of the analysis.
Results: Median NTT at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation was found as 3.0±0.10mm. The NT thickness increased with increasing CRL and gestational week in the first trimester. The correlation coefficient between NTT and CRL as well as GA were 0.472 and 0.451, respectively.
Conclusion: The overall mean NTT in Kano fetuses was determined. These should be useful for first-trimester screening in ruling out potential fetal chromosomal abnormalities in Kano, Nigeria.
Identification des critères et risques de la création du corridor écologique transfrontalier entre le Liberia et la Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Ouattara Karim , Yeo Elisée Napari , Kone Inza , Schafner Blandine 
Published: November 2022

Depuis plusieurs décennies la pression sur les aires protégées s’accroit à travers des infiltrations humaines pour la chasse, l’agriculture et l’orpaillage. De nos jours, les couloirs écologiques constituent une alternative durable face à la fragmentation et à l’isolement des aires protégées. Afin d’anticiper sur les éventuelles conséquences d’un isolement consommé du Parc national de Taï en Côte d’Ivoire et celui de Grebo Khran au Liberia, les gouvernements des deux pays ont décidé de mettre en place un corridor écologique entre ces parcs. Dans l’optique de réussir ce processus de conservation, une étude a été menée pour identifier les critères et les risques à prendre en compte dans la mise en place d’un tel couloir écologique. Pour cela, une analyse bibliographique basée sur l’écologie de plusieurs espèces animales a été réalisée en combinaison avec des consultations inclusives à travers des enquêtes et des rencontres ciblées avec les parties prenantes, dont les communautés locales, les décideurs et les scientifiques. Ainsi, cette étude a décrit les principaux critères et risques institutionnels, socio-économiques et écologiques ainsi que les principaux risques sanitaires. Il ressort de l’étude que le développement d’un tel couloir écologique repose sur des fondements écologiques et des enjeux institutionnels et socio-économiques.
For several decades the pressure on protected areas has been increasing through human infiltration for hunting, agriculture, and gold mining. Nowadays, ecological corridors are a sustainable alternative to the fragmentation and isolation of protected areas. In order to anticipate the possible consequences of a consummate isolation of the Taï National Park in Côte d'Ivoire and the Grebo Khran National Park in Liberia, the governments of both countries have decided to establish an ecological corridor between these parks. With a view to the success of this conservation process, a study was carried out to identify the criteria and risks to be considered in the establishment of such an ecological corridor. For this purpose, a literature review based on the ecology of several animal species was carried out in combination with inclusive consultations through surveys and targeted meetings with stakeholders, including local communities, decision makers and scientists. The study described the main institutional, socio-economic, and ecological criteria and risks, as well as the main health risks. This study shows that the development of such an ecological corridor is based on ecological foundations and institutional and socio-economic issues.