bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher performance for women than men in MRI-based Alzheimer’s disease detection
Authors: Klingenberg Malte , Stark Didem , Eitel Fabian , Habes Mohamad , Ritter Kerstin , (ADNI) for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Although machine learning classifiers have been frequently used to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on structural brain MRI data, potential bias with respect to sex and age has not yet been addressed. Here, we examine a state-of-the-art AD classifier for potential sex and age bias even in the case of balanced training data. Methods: Based on an age- and sex-balanced cohort of 432 subjects (306 healthy controls, 126 subjects with AD) extracted from the ADNI data base, we trained a convolutional neural network to detect AD in MRI brain scans and performed ten different random training-validation-test splits to increase robustness of the results. Classifier decisions for single subjects were explained using layer-wise relevance propagation. Results: The classifier performed significantly better for women (balanced accuracy 87.58 ± 1.14%) than for men (79.05 ± 1.27%). No significant differences were found in clinical AD scores, ruling out a disparity in disease severity as a cause for the performance difference. Analysis of the explanations revealed a larger variance in regional brain areas for male subjects compared to female subjects. Discussion: The identified sex differences cannot be attributed to an imbalanced training dataset, and therefore point to the importance of examining and reporting classifier performance across population subgroups to increase transparency and algorithmic fairness. Collecting more data especially among underrepresented subgroups and balancing the dataset are important but do not always guarantee a fair outcome.
Correlations between [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC uptake and absorbed dose from [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE
Authors: Bruvoll R. , Blakkisrud J. , Mikalsen L. , Connelly J. , Stokke C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE is used to treat gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NET), by targeting somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). High SSTR expression assessed on [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT images decides patient eligibility for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE PRRT. This study aimed to investigate potential correlations between therapeutic absorbed dose to tumours and the pre-treatment [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC uptake.Methods: This retrospective study included 301 tumours from 54 patients with GEP-NET. The tumours were segmented on pre-therapeutic [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT, and post-therapy [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE SPECT/CT acquired 24 and 168 hours post administration (also 4 hours for some patients). The SPECT/CT images were used for absorbed dose calculations. Results: Mean SUVmean and SUVmax from [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET was 24.0 (3.6-84.4) and 41.0 (6.7-146.5), and the mean absorbed dose from [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE was 26.9 Gy (2.4-101.9). An absorbed dose prediction model was formed based on a weak, but significant (R2 = 0.44, p<0.05), linear relationship between SUVmean and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE activity concentration at 24 hours, together with a population-averaged pharmacokinetics. The relative error between predicted and calculated absorbed dose was 0.31+/-0.90.Conclusions: Depending on the required accuracy, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET imaging may estimate the [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE absorbed dose. While a linear correlation was found, differences between [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE uptake gave especially high variance.
Release of a photopharmacological drug from its protein target captured by time-resolved serial crystallography
Authors: Wranik Maximilian , Weinert Tobias , Slavov Chavdar , Masini Tiziana , Furrer Antonia , Gaillard Natacha , Gioia Dario , Ferrarotti Marco , James Daniel , Glover Hannah , Carrillo Melissa , Kekilli Demet , Stipp Robin , Skopintsev Petr , Brünle Steffen , Mühlethaler Tobias , Beale John , Gashi Dardan , Nass Karol , Ozerov Dmitry , Johnson Philip , Cirelli Claudio , Bacellar Camila , Braun Markus , Wang Meitian , Dworkowski Florian , Milne Christopher , Cavalli Andrea , Wachtveitl Josef , Steinmetz Michel , Standfuss Jörg 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The binding and release of ligands from their protein targets is central to fundamental biological processes as well as to drug discovery. Photopharmacology introduces chemical triggers that allow the changing of ligand affinities and thus biological activity by light. Insight into the molecular mechanisms of photopharmacology is largely missing because the relevant transitions during the light-triggered reaction cannot be resolved by conventional structural biology. Using time-resolved serial crystallography at a synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser, we have captured the release of azo-combretastatin A4 and the resulting conformational changes in tubulin. Nine structural snapshots from 1 ns to 100 ms complemented by simulations show how cis-to-trans isomerization of the azobenzene bond leads to a switch in ligand affinity, opening of an exit channel, and collapse of the binding pocket upon ligand release. The resulting global backbone rearrangements are related to the action mechanism of tubulin-binding drugs against gout, cancer, and COVID-19.
Comparing the Utility of Palpation-Based and Ultrasound-Guided Teaching Methodologies for Subclavian Central Venous Access Using Formalin-Embalmed Cadavers
Authors: Skidmore Chad , Loveless Bosten , Muir Maxton , Limov Abigail , Fritsch Alexa , Thomas Rebecca , Yancey Taylor , Nigh Andrew , Zapata Isain , Mason Nena Lundgreen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study compares the utility of palpation-based and ultrasound-guided teaching techniques for subclavian central venous access using formalin-embalmed cadavers.
Methods
The subclavian veins of 20 formalin-embalmed cadavers were imaged with ultrasound to evaluate vein patency and sonographic clarity prior to venous access. Twenty-three first-year medical students were trained to access the subclavian vein using palpation-based techniques. Training involved ten minutes of didactic orientation and ten minutes of hands-on practical instruction using cadavers. Participant confidence was measured using a 10-point Likert scale on pre- and post-training questionnaires. Objective skills testing for each participant included quantifying the number of skin punctures and recording the time elapsed from skin puncture to fluid flashback into the syringe.
Results
Participant confidence significantly increased following training in both ultrasound and palpation training groups across all questionnaire items (p < 0.0001). The ultrasound group had less skin punctures (p < 0.001) and less failures (1) than the palpation group (6). Participants in the ultrasound group were more confident than those in the palpation group in their ability to locate the vein and select the optimal site for needle access (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Formalin-embalmed cadavers provide a safe and stress-free environment in which to learn subclavian vein access. This method is effective for instructing students to use both palpation and ultrasound-based techniques. Utilizing ultrasound equipment and formalin-embalmed cadavers which are readily available in most medical institutions significantly increases trainee confidence, an essential factor in physician performance that may lead to fewer complications. However, participants also became confident in the palpation-based venous access technique, which would prove useful in cases when ultrasound is unavailable or too time-consuming. Introducing this type of hands-on practice to students early in their medical education may provide them the opportunity to administer their first live-patient clinical procedure with increased confidence in their procedural skillsets.
LncRNA HEIH expression in cancer prognosis: A review and meta- analysis
Authors: Wang Xuhua , Chen Zhaoyuan , Zhou Huaqiang , Liu Wuyang , Luo Jiaquan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown that HEIH is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and plays a role as an oncogene in cancer. The present meta-analysis aims to elucidate the relationship between HEIH expression and prognosis and clinicopathological features among cancer patients.Materials and methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE database were comprehensively and systematically searched. pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were employed to assess the relationship between HEIH expression and clinical outcomes and clinicopathological features in cancer patients.Results: The present study finally enrolled 11 studies which included 1227 cancer patients. The combined results indicated that HEIH overexpression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (pooled HR=2.03, 95% CI 1.74–2.38, P < 0.00001).Meanwhile, regarding clinicopathology of cancer patients, upregulated HEIH expression was closely related to larger tumor size (OR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.52–4.65, P = 0.0006), advanced tumor T stage (OR = 2.41, 95 % CI: 1.54–3.77, P = 0.0001), advanced TNM stage (OR = 4.76, 95% CI: 2.73–8.29, P < 0.00001), distant metastasis (OR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.75–4.96, P < 0.0001) and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.05–4.07, P = 0.04), respectively.Conclusions: High expression of HEIH in some cancers predicts shorter overall survival and higher clinical stage as well as larger tumor size. HEIH has great potential to become a prognostic marker for cancer patients.
Challenging Organizational Factors Associated With Admission Delay to the Intensive Care Unit – a Novel Quality Indicator
Authors: Jakobson Daniel J. , Bashkin Osnat , Kalatskaya Viktoria , Veinberg Halel , Chernoguz Evgeny , Nesi Vicky , Levy Chezy , Sherer Yaniv 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:Delays in admitting patients to the ICU can defer the timely initiation of life-sustaining therapies and invasive monitoring, jeopardizing the success of the treatment. The current study aimed to assess the factors related to delays in admission times of critically ill patients transferred to the ICU using a proactive approach to admission process analysis.Methods:A specifically designed software was created to follow up, compare and measure the defined laps of the time to admission, implemented at the ICU for six months. Measurements included five time-lapse, referral department, and work shift at admission. Data of 1004 patients admitted to the ICU between July 2017 to January 2020 were analyzed in a retrospective observational study.Results:A significant shortening of time to admission before and after the intervention done by the institutional Quality Control Commission. The mean time to admission was shortened by 14 minutes, from a mean of 92.4 minutes to 78.6 minutes. Insights about the organizational factors delaying transfer provide meaningful information for future efficacy interventions.Conclusions:The current study shows the positive effect of a protracted follow-up of the complex process divided into several stations, where possible preventable situations can be found and modified.Trial registration:The study was approved by the Ashkelon Academic College Ethics Committee (Approval # 25/1-2020).
Ellman’s Reagent Prevents Dephosphorylation of Histones During Isolation of Mitotic Chromosomes
Authors: Paulson James R. , Mause Erica R. Vander , Dillinger Elizabeth , Luedeman Megan E. , Usman Bakhtawar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Histones H1 and H3 are highly phosphorylated in mitotic HeLa cells but are rapidly dephosphorylated by endogenous protein phosphatases during isolation of metaphase chromosomes. We show that this dephosphorylation can be prevented by including the sulfhydryl reagent 5,5’-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) (Ellman’s reagent, or DTNB) in the isolation buffer. The minimal amount of DTNB required is approximately stoichiometric with the number of sulfhydryl groups in the lysate. Inhibition of the protein phosphatases can subsequently be reversed by treatment with dithiothreitol or 2-mercaptoethanol. DTNB is compatible with isolation of either metaphase chromosome clusters or individual metaphase chromosomes. It should be useful in investigations of chromatin and chromosome structure and biochemistry and in the study of possible functions for mitotic histone phosphorylation.
GIS application in identifying suitable areas for solar panel installation in Mashhad County of Iran
Authors: Dastorani Mostafa , Shalamzari Masoud Jafari 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Most areas of the Iran enjoy more than 300 days of good sunshine for photovoltaic energy production and the potential for wind energy production is also immense. In this paper we evaluated the suitability of Mashhad County in Iran for the installation of photovoltaic panels. Mashhad is a mega city with a growing population due to its religious importance and the travelling pilgrims coming to the city to visit the Holy Shrine each year. We evaluated the area based on several factors including including topographic features (slope gradient, slope direction and height), roads and infrastructure, built-up areas, environmentally protected areas, solar photovoltaic output potential, air temperature, land cover and active fault lines. Since most of the area is flat with minor elevations, there is no limitation for energy production. The largest share of the area has slope gradient of less than 15% (3303 km2), this factor also imposes no limitation. In terms of elevation also 42% (4335 km2) of the area below 2000m which is suitable for wind farm construction. There are some 72 active faults in the area. In total, 7.3% of the total area is covered with protected areas accounting for ~ 720 km2 which is not suitable for solar farms. In terms of land cover, 72% of the area is available for constructing solar farms. There is also no limitation in terms of air temperature and potential PV output. The final suitability map was obtained by combining these layers and then divided into five classes. Based on our results, the suitable class had the largest share of the final map. Highly suitable areas comprise 14.1% of the total area. The excluded lands from the analysis due to the limiting factors made up approximately 56% equal to 5811 km2. In total, Mashhad County is considerable potential for solar energy production.
An ancestral western diet causes transgenerational changes in offspring feeding behavior with associated alterations in brain mitochondrial proteome and microRNAs.
Authors: Murashov Alexander , Pak Elena , Mar Jordan , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey , Bhat Krishna , O'Brien Kevin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Clustering of obesity in families suggests that cultural inheritance, genetics, and epigenetics work together to affect children's eating habits. Emerging evidence in various species including Drosophila indicates that inter/transgenerational inheritance may play a significant role in programming offspring metabolism and behavior. In the current study, taking advantage of Drosophila physiological simplicity and genetic pliability we explored whether environmental factors, such as ancestral diet, can cause metabolic disturbances and alterations in offspring feeding behavior. Here, we demonstrate that ancestral Western diet increases offspring food consumption with concomitant changes in locomotor activity, triglyceride levels, and mitochondrial density in the brain. Mechanistically, the generational differences were associated with changes in brain proteome and miRNAs. RNAi-based knockdown approach implicated miR-10-3p as a potential factor in transmitting epigenetic information across generations. Together, this study suggests that ancestral nutrition may contribute to the programming of offspring feeding behavior through alterations in miRNAs.
R2R3-MYB transcription factor GEMMA CUP-ASSOCIATED MYB1 mediates the cytokinin signal to achieve proper organ development in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Aki Shiori S. , Morimoto Tomoyo , Ohnishi Taiki , Oda Ayumi , Kato Hirotaka , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Nishihama Ryuichi , Kohchi Takayuki , Umeda Masaaki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cytokinin, a plant hormone, plays essential roles in organ growth and development. The type-B response regulator-mediated cytokinin signaling is repressed by type-A response regulators and is conserved in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Its signal coordinates the development of diverse organs on the thallus body, such as the gemma cup, rhizoid, and air pores. Here we report that the type-B response regulator MpRRB upregulates the expression of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor GEMMA CUP-ASSOCIATED MYB1 (MpGCAM1) in M. polymorpha. Whereas both Mpgcam1 and Mprrb knockout mutants exhibited defects in gemma cup formation, the Mpgcam1 Mprra double mutant, in which cytokinin signaling is activated due to the lack of type-A response regulator, also formed no gemma cups. This suggests that MpGCAM1 functions downstream of cytokinin signaling. Inducible overexpression of MpGCAM1 produced undifferentiated cell clumps on the thalli of both wild-type and Mprrb. However, smaller thalli were formed in Mprrb compared to the wild-type after the cessation of overexpression. These results suggest that cytokinin signaling promotes gemma cup formation and cellular reprogramming through MpGCAM1, while cytokinin signals also participate in activating cell division during thallus development.
Quasi-real-time inversion of significant earthquake rupture process based on Earthquake Early Warning System of China: Applications to the 2017 Mw 6.5 Jiuzhaigou earthquake and the 2022 Mw 6.7 Menyuan earthquake
Authors: Wang Jie-Min , Liang Yuan-Yuan , Wu Zhe , Pu Ju , Ma Pifeng , Wang Fengji , Yin Haitao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The significant earthquake rupture process shows the earthquake focal physics, the earthquake generation process and Earth vibration superposition propagation process. Almost all studies of the large earthquakes' rupture process took several days to publish after the origin time. With the growth of Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems in China, the parts of the system are already in operation. The earthquake early warning network with dense station distribution gives us a better choice, making it possible to invert the earthquake rupture process in quasi-real-time. The 2017 Jiuzhaigou Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province of China and the 2022 Menyuan Mw 6.7 earthquake occurred in Qinghai Province of China. The 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake and the 2022 Menyuan earthquake were respectively recorded by hundreds of strong motion instruments, and the waveform data were transmitted back to the data analysis center in real time. With the help of the automatic site selection procedure and the automated preprocessing procedure, the rupture process of earthquakes can be published in 30 minutes after the earthquake origin time.
Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in Real World Setting in Patients with Cryptogenic Stroke and an Implantable Loop Recorder
Authors: Kim Seulgi Erica , Khawaja Muzamil , Kim Jitae Alex , Safavi-Naeini Payam , Pickett June , Molina-Razavi Joanna , Saeed Mohammed , Razavi Mehdi , Rasekh Abdi , Chelu Mihail 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Implantable loop recorders (ILR) are used to screen for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS). However, there is limited real-world data regarding the long-term rate of AF detection using ILR and management consequences in patients with CS. The objective is to assess the rate of AF detection in patients with CS in a real-world study over 36 months of follow-up and its consequences on stroke prevention.
Methods
This retrospective study included patients with an ILR placed for CS at Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center between January 2014 and July 2021. The primary outcome was AF detection in patients with ILR. The secondary outcome was the rate of subsequent strokes after ILR placement in patients with or without diagnosed AF. The AF detection rate in our cohort was compared to the rate in CRYSTAL-AF Trial at 36-month follow-up. The impact of AF detection on clinical management was examined.
Results
We identified 225 patients. 51.1% were women and 38.2% African American. Among 85 patients with ILR labeled AF, 43 patients had true AF, and 42 had incorrectly labeled AF (48.3% false positive). The estimated AF detection rate at 36 months follow-up was 28.6% (95% CI, 26.6%-30.6%). 58.1% of patients with AF were initiated on oral anticoagulation, 80.0% of whom were started on a direct oral anticoagulant. 13.8% of patients had recurrent strokes after ILR implantation; 4 of whom were diagnosed with AF.
Conclusion
Compared to CRYSTAL-AF, the AF detection rate in our cohort is similar, but this cohort includes a higher proportion of female and African American patients. Most patients with recurrent strokes after ILR implant did not have AF during 36 months of monitoring.
Development of an in-house real time q-PCR assay for the detection of jak2 mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Ullah Naeem , Khan Sadiq Noor , Ullah Jamshid , Zareef Adil , Saeed Waqar , Ahmad Nasir , Qayum Saima , Jabbar Abdul , Khan Aamir Ali , Yousafzai Yasar Mehmood 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) are rare heterogeneous hematological disorders usually characterized by one or more lineages of myeloid cells in bone marrow and increase number of normal and abnormal cells. Janus kinase 2 valine to phenylalanine (JAK2-V617F) is usually present in Philadelphia-negative MPNs. Pathogenic mutation in JAK2-V617F cause’s valine to phenylalanine substitution in JAK2 gene on exon-14. Different methods such as Allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR), Amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR), High resolution melting (HRM) analysis and Molecular beacon probe-based RT-PCR are already available to diagnose JAK2-V617F mutation. In current study, we aimed to develop and optimize real-time PCR assay which will be available locally and be feasible, less expensive and less labor extensive. The DNA was extracted from 128 patients and analyzed on our optimized method using newly designed primers and probe. Standards were generated using in-vitro synthesized sequence (Kinco Biological) and Standard curve was obtained. Predicted sensitivity of the method is at least5% for allele burden of the mutation. The total of 128 MPN patients were included in the present study and 54 (42.1%) were JAK2-V617Fpositive according to the optimized protocols. The study concluded that TaqMan Real time PCR is sensitive, efficient and less expensive for the detection of JAK2-V617F mutation.