bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lengthening Behavior of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods in Early-Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Heyer Jessica H. , Anari Jason B. , Baldwin Keith D. , Mitchell Stuart L. , Luhmann Scott J. , Sturm Peter F. , Flynn John M. , Cahill Patrick J. ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Spine Study Group
Published: November 2022

Background:
The “law of diminishing returns” is described for traditional growing rods. Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) have become a preferred implant for the surgical treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS). We examined a large cohort of patients with EOS to determine whether the law of diminishing returns applies to MCGRs.

Methods:
A prospectively collected, multicenter registry was queried for patients with EOS treated with MCGRs. Patients with only spine-based implants and a minimum of 2 years of follow-up were included; patients with congenital scoliosis, single rods, <3 lengthenings, or >25% missing data were excluded. Patients were analyzed in 3 cohorts: primary MCGR (pMCGR) had first-time MCGR implants, secondary MCGR (sMCGR) were converted from an MCGR to a new MCGR, and conversion MCGR (cMCGR) were converted from a non-MCGR implant to MCGR.

Results:
A total of 189 patients in the pMCGR group, 44 in the cMCGR group, and 41 in the sMCGR group were analyzed. From post-MCGR placement to the most recent follow-up or pre-definitive procedure, there were no differences in the changes in major Cobb angle, T1-S1 height, or T1-T12 height over time between the pMCGR and cMCGR groups. There was a decrease in length achieved at subsequent lengthenings in all cohorts (p < 0.01), and the sMCGR group had a significantly poorer ability to lengthen at each subsequent lengthening versus the pMCGR and cMCGR groups (p < 0.02). The 1-year survival rate was 90.5% for pMCGR, 84.1% for sMCGR, and 76.4% for cMCGR; 2-year survival was 61.5%, 54.4%, and 41.4%, respectively; and 3-year survival was 37.6%, 36.7%, and 26.9%, respectively. Excluding MCGRs still expanding, 27.6% of pMCGRs, 8.8% of sMCGRs, and 17.1% of cMCGRs reached the maximum excursion. Overall, 21.7% reached the maximum excursion. Within the pMCGR cohort, idiopathic and neuromuscular etiologies had a decline in lengthening achieved over time (p < 0.001), while syndromic EOS demonstrated a preserved ability to lengthen over time (p = 0.51). When the etiological groups were compared with each other, the neuromuscular group had the least ability to lengthen over time (p = 0.001 versus syndromic, p = 0.02 versus idiopathic).

Conclusions:
The MCGR experiences the law of diminishing returns in patients with EOS. We found that only 21.7% of rods expanded to within 80% of the maximum excursion.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion and Infectious Complications Following Pediatric Spinal Fusion
Authors: Eisler Lisa , Hassan Fthimnir , Lenke Lawrence G. , Chihuri Stanford , Hod Eldad A. , Li Guohua 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Substantial bleeding occurs during spinal fusion surgery in the pediatric population, and many patients receive allogeneic red blood cell transfusion (ARBT) for the treatment of resulting perioperative anemia. ARBT is thought to increase vulnerability to postoperative infections following major surgical procedures, but studies of this relationship in children undergoing spinal fusion have yielded conflicting results.

Methods:
Patients who underwent spinal fusion before the age of 18 years were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) 2016 to 2019 databases, along with patient and procedure-specific characteristics, transfusion events and volumes, and postoperative infectious complications such as wound-related infection, pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), and sepsis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses provided adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between ARBT and each infection outcome and the overall risk of infection.

Results:
Among 19,159 patients studied, 714 (3.7%) developed a total of 931 episodes of postoperative infection. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, perioperative ARBT was independently associated with postoperative pneumonia (aOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.40 to 2.68), UTI (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.19 to 2.73), sepsis (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.10 to 2.28), and the overall risk of infection (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.64). The risk of any postoperative infection increased in a dose-response fashion with transfusion volume.

Conclusions:
ARBT in pediatric spinal fusion is associated with significantly increased risks of postoperative pneumonia, UTI, and sepsis. The overall risk of postoperative infection increases with the volume transfused. Enhanced efforts to minimize perioperative anemia and ARBT should be considered as a means of improving patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Television-Viewing Time and Bodily Pain in Australian Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes: 12-Year Prospective Relationships
Authors: Dzakpasu Francis Q. S. , Owen Neville , Carver Alison , Sethi Parneet , Brakenridge Christian J. , Salim Agus , Urquhart Donna M. , Cicuttini Flavia , Dunstan David W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Bodily pain is a common presentation in several chronic diseases, yet the influence of sedentary behaviour, common in ageing adults, is unclear. Television-viewing (TV) time is a ubiquitous leisure-time sedentary behaviour, with a potential contribution to the development of bodily pain. We examined the longitudinal relationships of TV time with bodily pain trajectories; and further, the potential moderation by type 2 diabetes (T2D) status.
Method: Data were from 4099participants (aged 35 to 65 years at baseline) in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab), who took part in the follow-ups at 5 years, 12 years, or both. Bodily pain (from SF36 questionnaire: a 0 to 100 scale, where lower scores indicate more-severe pain), TV time, and T2D status [normal glucose metabolism (NGM), prediabetes, and T2D] were assessed at all three time-points. Multilevel growth curve modelling used age (centred at 50 years) as the time metric, adjusting for potential confounders, including physical activity and waist circumference.
Results: Mean TV time increased, and bodily pain worsened across the three-time points. Those with T2D had higher TV time and more-severe bodily pain than those without T2D at all time points. In a fully adjusted model, the mean bodily pain score for those aged 50 years at baseline was 76.9(SE: 2.2) and worsened significantly by 0.3(SE: 0.03) units every additional year (p <0.001). Those with initially more-severe pain had a higher rate of increase in pain severity. For every one-hour increase in daily TV time, there was a significant increase in pain severity [by 0.69(SE: 0.17) units each additional hour; p <0.001], accounting for the linear change in age and confounders. Above 2.5 hours/day of TV time, the association was significantly more-pronounced in those with T2D than in those without (prediabetes or NGM).
Conclusion: Increments in TV time predicted increased severity of bodily pain over 12 years in middle-aged and older Australian adults, and this was more pronounced in those with T2D. While increasing physical activity is a mainstay of the prevention and management of chronic health problems, these new findings highlight the potential of reducing sedentary behaviours in this context.
Electronic Platform-based Education for Radiology Residents: Results of a Two-Year Survey
Authors: Quaia Emilio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Electronic platform-based resident education is increasing. The aim of this study was to identify the most reliable predictor variables related to the usage of electronic platform-based educational material for radiology residents which can predict a successful final year multiple choice test.
Methods
A two year survey was conducted based on the records of an electronic platform-based educational material for radiology residents. Radiology resident education was based on the educational content of two educational electronic platform databases. A pool of questions were addressed by each resident after reading the content of each electronic section related to a specific topic. A per-resident analysis was performed between the number of per-topic addressed questions and number of electronic platform content access, in terms of login access number, during the academic year (predictor variables) and final percentage of correct answers on final year electronic test (outcome variable). Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was determined using correlation analysis.
Results
Total login times (OR, 3; 95% CI, 2.2 -4), login frequency per month (OR, 4; 95% CI, 3.1–5.3), the number of per-topic addressed questions (OR, 3; 95% CI, 2.2 -4), and the number of topic-verified correct answers to multiple choice test (OR, 30.5; 95% CI, 12.8–80.9) all showed a statistically significant correlation with final percentage of correct answers on final year electronic test.
Conclusion
The number of correct answers to multiple choice test was related to the number and frequency of login access number, the number of per-topic addressed questions and the number of topic-verified correct answers to multiple choice test. The electronic-based educational material contributes significantly to a successful radiology residency program.
Effect of anthocyanins on gut health markers, Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio and short-chain fatty acids: A systematic review via meta-analysis
Authors: Kapoor Payal , Tiwari Apoorv , Sharma Saloni , Tiwari Vandita , Sheoran Bhawna , Ali usman , Garg Monika 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Researchers discovered that diets rich in anthocyanin-rich fruits and vegetables significantly impacted gut flora. To conclude that large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials are difficult to conduct; therefore, merging data from multiple small studies may aid. A systematic review collects and analyses all research on a certain subject and design. This comprehensive review and meta-analysis examined the influence of dietary anthocyanins on Firmicutes/Bacteroide (Fir/Bac) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content. The current meta-analysis study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Diets high in anthocyanins substantially reduced the Fir/Bac ratio in the trials that were assessed. Among three SCFAs, highest impact was observed on the acetic acid; followed by propionic acid and then butanoic acid. The meta-analyses result also obtained sufficient heterogeneity, as indicated by I2 values. There is strong evidence that anthocyanin supplementation improves rodent gut health biomarkers (Fir/Bac and SCFAs), reducing obesity-induced gut dysbiosis, as revealed in this systematic review/meta-analysis. Anthocyanin intervention duration and dosage significantly influenced the Fir/Bac ratio and SCFA. Anthocyanin-rich diets were more effective when consumed over a more extended period and at a high dosage.
Partial least squares enhance multi-trait genomic prediction of potato cultivars in new environments
Authors: Ortiz Rodomiro , Reslow Fredrik , Montesinos-López Abelardo , Huicho José , Pérez-Rodriguez Paulino , Montesinos-López Osval , Crossa José 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is of paramount importance in plant breeding to have methods dealing with large numbers of predictor variables and few sample observations, as well as efficient methods for dealing with high correlation in predictors and measured traits. This paper explores in terms of prediction performance the partial least squares (PLS) method under uni-trait (UT) and multi-trait (MT) prediction of potato traits. The first prediction was for tested lines in tested environments under a five-fold cross-validation (5FCV) strategy and the second prediction was for tested lines in untested environments (herein denoted as leave one environment out cross validation, LOEO). There was a good performance in terms of predictions (with accuracy mostly > 0.5 for Pearson’s correlation) the accuracy of 5FCV was better than LOEO. Hence, we have empirical evidence that the UT and MT PLS framework is a very valuable tool for prediction in the context of potato breeding data
The spatial-temporal effect of air pollution on individuals’ reported health and its variation by ethnic groups in the United Kingdom: A multilevel longitudinal analysis
Authors: Ahad Mary Abed Al , Demšar Urška , Sullivan Frank , Kulu Hill 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Air pollution affects the individuals’ health negatively; though it is unclear whether this effect is stronger for ethnic minorities compared to the rest of population. This study uses longitudinal data to investigate the spatial-temporal effect of air pollution on individuals’ reported health and its variation by ethnicity in the United-Kingdom (UK).
Methods
Longitudinal individual-level data from Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study including 67,982 adult individuals with 404,264 repeated responses over 11years (2009–2019) were utilized and were linked to yearly concentrations of NO2, SO2, and particulate-matter (PM10, PM2.5) pollution once at the local authority and once at the census Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) of residence for each individual. This allows for analysis at two geographical scales over time. The association between air pollution and individuals’ health (Likert scale: 1–5, Excellent to poor) and its variation by ethnicity was assessed using three-levels mixed-effect linear models. The analysis distinguished between spatial (between areas) and temporal (across time within each area) effects of air pollution on health.
Results
Higher concentrations of NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 pollution were associated with poorer health. Decomposing air pollution into between (spatial: across local authorities or LSOAs) and within (temporal: across years within each local authority or LSOA) effects, showed a significant between effect for NO2 and SO2 pollutants at both geographical scales, while a significant between effect for PM10 and PM2.5 was shown only at the LSOAs level. No significant within effects were detected at either geographical level. Indian, Pakistani/Bangladeshi, Black/African/Caribbean and other ethnic groups and non-UK-born individuals reported poorer health with increasing concentrations of NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 pollutants in comparison to the British-white and UK-born individuals.
Conclusions
Using longitudinal data on individuals’ health linked with air pollution data at two geographical scales (coarse local authorities and detailed LSOAs), this study supports the presence of a spatial-temporal association between air pollution and poor self-reported health, which is stronger for ethnic minorities and foreign-born individuals in the UK, partly explained by location-specific differences. Air pollution mitigation is necessary to improve the individuals’ health, especially for ethnic minorities who are affected the most.
Predicting Cholangiocarcinoma in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Using Artificial Intelligence, Clinical and Laboratory Data
Authors: Hu Chang , Iyer Ravishankar , Juran Brian , McCauley Bryan , Atkinson Elizabeth , Eaton John , Ali Ahmad , Lazaridis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients have a risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Establishing predictive models for CCA in PSC is important.
Methods: In a large cohort of 1,459 PSC patients seen at Mayo Clinic (1993-2020), we quantified the impact of clinical/laboratory variables on CCA development using univariate and multivariate Cox models and predicted CCA using statistical and artificial intelligence approaches. We explored plasma bile acid (BA) levels’ predictive power of CCA (subset of 300 patients, BA cohort).
Results: Eight significant risk factors (false discovery rate: 20%) were identified with univariate analysis; prolonged inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was the most important one. IBD duration, PSC duration, and total bilirubin remained significant (p<0.05) with multivariate analysis. Clinical/laboratory variables predicted CCA with cross-validated C-indexes of 0.68–0.71 at different time points of disease, significantly better compared to commonly used PSC risk scores. Lower chenodeoxycholic acid, higher conjugated fraction of lithocholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid, and higher ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid were predictive of CCA. BAs predicted CCA with a cross-validated C-index of 0.66 (std: 0.11, BA cohort), similar to clinical/laboratory variables (C-index=0.64, std: 0.11, BA cohort). Combining BAs with clinical/laboratory variables leads to the best average C-index of 0.67 (std: 0.13, BA cohort).
Conclusions: In a large PSC cohort, we identified clinical and laboratory risk factors for CCA development and demonstrated the first artificial intelligence based predictive models that performed significantly better than common risk scores. More predictive data modalities are needed for clinical adoption of these models.
A systematic evaluation of human expert agreement on optical coherence tomography biomarkers using multiple devices
Authors: Michl Martin , Neschi Martina , Kaider Alexandra , Hatz Katja , Deák Gábor , Gerendas Bianca , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectives:To assess the agreement in evaluating optical coherence tomography (OCT) variables in the leading macular diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) among OCT-certified graders.Methods:SD-OCT volume scans of 356 eyes were graded by seven graders. The grading included presence of intra- and subretinal fluid (IRF, SRF), pigment epithelial detachment (PED), epiretinal membrane (ERM), conditions of the vitreomacular interface (VMI), central retinal thickness (CRT) at the foveal centerpoint (CP) and central millimeter (CMM), as well as height and location of IRF/SRF/PED. Kappa statistics (κ) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to report categorical grading and measurement agreement.Results:The overall agreement on the presence of IRF/SRF/PED was κ = 0.82/0.85/0.81; κ of VMI condition was 0.77, that of ERM presence 0.37. ICC for CRT measurements at CP and CMM was excellent with an ICC of1.00.Height measurements of IRF/SRF/PED showed robust consistency with ICC=0.85-0.93. There was substantial to almost perfect agreement in locating IRF/SRF/PED with κ=0.67-0.86. Between diseases, κ of IRF/SRF presence was 0.69/0.80 for nAMD, 0.64/0.83 for DME and 0.86/0.89 for RVO.Conclusion:Even in the optimized setting, featuring certified graders, standardized image acquisition and the use of a professional reading platform, there is a disease dependent variability in biomarker evaluation that is most pronounced for IRF in nAMD as well as DME. Our findings highlight the variability in the performance of human expert OCT grading and the need for AI-based automated feature analyses.
Large-Scale Functional Hyperconnectivity Patterns Characterizing Trauma-Related Dissociation: A rs-fMRI Study of PTSD and its Dissociative Subtype
Authors: Shaw Saurabh , Terpou Braeden , Densmore Maria , Theberge Jean , Frewen Paul , McKinnon Margaret , Lanius Ruth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a distinct PTSD phenotype characterized by trauma-related dissociation, alongside unique patterns of small and large-scale functional connectivity. However, disparate findings across these various scales of investigation have highlighted the need for a cohesive understanding of dissociative neurobiology. We took a step towards this goal by conducting the largest region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI analysis performed on a PTSD population to date. While modest functional connectivity differences were found between participants with PTSD and controls in the temporal regions and the right frontoparietal network, participants with the dissociative subtype demonstrated a markedly different pattern of widespread functional hyperconnectivity among subcortical regions, sensorimotor-related networks, and other intrinsic connectivity networks, when compared to controls. Furthermore, joint brain-behavior factor analysis identified two dissociative and one PTSD symptom-linked factor. These results advance our understanding of dissociative neurobiology, characterizing it as a divergence from normative small-world organization.
Inversion of time-varying gravity field before and after the 2013 Lushan MS7.0 earthquake
Authors: Wang Linhai , Chen Shi , Zhuang Jiancang , Zhang Bei , Shi Wen , Yang Jinling , Xu Weimin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The 2013 MS7.0 Lushan earthquake, Sichuan, China, occurs on a blind thrust fault in the southern Longmenshan fault belt. The terrestrial hybrid gravity observations enable us to investigate how the deep mass changes before and after the earthquake. Based on the gravity measurement data, we find a transient increase in the gravity field about 2 years before the earthquake and a drop after the mainshock. To find out the cause, a Bayesian inversion method with spatiotemporal smoothness prior is employed to extract apparent density changes. We hypothesize that the significant increase of apparent density over the region on the south of the focal zone might be related to mass transfer in the deep crust. Therefore, we introduce a disc-shaped equivalent source model with a homogeneous density to address this hypothesis. Based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations, we also estimate that the disc-shaped model has a radius of about 96 km, with a thickness of about 1.2 km and a depth of about 14 km. As a fluid diffusion footprint is indicated by seismicity migration in this region, with a fitted diffusion rate of 10 m2/s, we conclude that such deep crustal mass transfer may be caused by fluid diffusion.