bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoring rotational invariance for lattice QCD propagators
Authors: de Soto F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This note presents a method to reduce the discretization errors appearing when solving a Quantum Field Theory in a hypercubic lattice in both position and momentum-space. The method exploits the artifacts that break rotational symmetry to recover rotationally invariant results for two-point Green functions. We show that a combination of the results obtained in position and momentum space can be useful to signal the presence of rotationally invariant artifacts making use of their approximate Fourier transforms in the continuum. The method will be introduced using a Klein-Gordon propagator, and a direct application to gluon propagator in quenched lattice QCD will be given.
Intraoperative Surgical Strategy in Abdominal Emergency Surgery
Authors: Tolstrup Mai‐Britt , Jensen Thomas Korgaard , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmergency abdominal surgery is associated with a high rate of postoperative complications and death. Pre‐ and immediate postoperative bundle‐care strategies have improved outcome, but so far, no standardized intraoperative strategies have been proposed. We introduced a quality improvement model of specific intra‐ and postoperative strategies for the heterogenous group of patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. The objective was to evaluate a quality improvement strategy, using an intraoperative, multidisciplinary time‐out model in emergency abdominal surgery to apply one of three surgical strategies; definitive–palliative–or damage control surgery.
MethodsAll patients scheduled for any gastrointestinal emergency procedure were stratified dynamically according to standardized criteria for performing definitive–palliative–or damage control surgery. Pre‐ intra‐ and postoperative data were collected according to the intraoperative strategy applied. Postoperative complications were displayed according to the Clavien‐Dindo‐score and the CCI (Comprehensive Complication Index). 30–90‐day‐ and 1‐year mortality was presented.
ResultsWe included 436 consecutive patients undergoing emergency laparotomy or laparoscopy in 2019. Intraoperative strategy was definitive in 326(75%)–palliative in 90(21%) and damage control approach in 20(4%) patients. CCI was 21(0,45), 30(17,54) and 78(54,100) in the definitive–, the palliative–, and the damage control group, respectively. 30‐day mortality was; 11.7%, 26.7% and 30%, and the 1‐year mortality was 16.9%, 56.7% and 40% in the definitive– the palliative– and the damage control group, respectively.ConclusionsWe present a multidisciplinary, intraoperative decision‐making standard as a potential quality improvement tool of ensuring individualized intra‐ and postoperative treatment for every emergency surgical patient and for future research‐protocols.
Nitrogen isotope enrichment predicts growth response of Pinus radiata in New Zealand to nitrogen fertiliser addition
Authors: Garrett Loretta G. , Lin Yue , Matson Amanda L. , Strahm Brian D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe fertiliser growth response of planted forests can vary due to differences in site-specific factors like climate and soil fertility. We identified when forest stands responded to a standard, single application of nitrogen (N) fertiliser and employed a machine learning random forest model to test the use of natural abundance stable isotopic N (δ15N) to predict site response. Pinus radiata growth response was calculated as the change in periodic annual increment of basal area (PAI BA) from replicated control and treatment (~ 200 kg N ha−1) plots within trials across New Zealand. Variables in the analysis were climate, silviculture, soil, and foliage chemical properties, including natural abundance δ15N values as integrators of historical patterns in N cycling. Our Random Forest model explained 78% of the variation in growth with tree age and the δ15N enrichment factor (δ15Nfoliage − δ15Nsoil) showing more than 50% relative importance to the model. Tree growth rates generally decreased with more negative δ15N enrichment factors. Growth response to N fertiliser was highly variable. If a response was going to occur, it was most likely within 1–3 years after fertiliser addition. The Random Forest model predicts that younger stands (< 15 years old) with the freedom to grow and sites with more negative δ15N isotopic enrichment factors will exhibit the biggest growth response to N fertiliser. Supporting the challenge of forest nutrient management, these findings provide a novel decision-support tool to guide the intensification of nutrient additions.
New concepts in EBV-associated B, T, and NK cell lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Swerdlow Steven H , Tousseyn Thomas , Barrionuevo Carlos , Nakamura Shigeo , Jaffe Elaine S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) include conditions of B, T, and NK cell derivation with a wide clinicopathological spectrum ranging from indolent, self-limiting, and localized conditions to highly aggressive lymphomas. Since the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) lymphoma classification, progress has been made in understanding the biology of the EBV-associated LPDs. The diagnostic criteria of EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer and lymphomatoid granulomatosis have been refined, and a new category of EBV-positive polymorphic B cell LPD was introduced to encompass the full spectrum of EBV-driven B cell disorders. The differential diagnosis of these conditions is challenging. This report will present criteria to assist the pathologist in diagnosis. Within the group of EBV-associated T and NK cell lymphomas, a new provisional entity is recognized, namely,primary nodal EBV+ T or NK cell lymphoma. The EBV + T and NK cell LPDs in children have undergone major revisions. In contrast to the 2016 WHO classification, now four major distinct groups are recognized: hydroa vacciniforme (HV) LPD, severe mosquito bite allergy, chronic active EBV (CAEBV) disease, and systemic EBV-positive T cell lymphoma of childhood. Two forms of HV LPD are recognized: the classic and the systemic forms with different epidemiology, clinical presentation, and prognosis. The subclassification of PTLD, not all of which are EBV-positive, remains unaltered from the 2016 WHO classification. This review article summarizes the conclusions and the recommendations of the Clinical Advisory Committee (CAC), which are summarized in the International Consensus Classification of Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms.
Institutionelle Dynamiken und (ungenutzte) Potenziale im Markt für Heimstromspeicher in Deutschland
Authors: Zademach Hans-Martin , Käsbohrer Andrea 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Markt für stationäre Batteriespeicher in Privathaushalten in Deutschland weist aktuell ein ausgesprochen dynamisches Wachstum auf, gekennzeichnet sowohl von rasantem technischen Fortschritt und rapide steigenden Verkaufszahlen als auch von organisatorischen Neuerungen, die großes Potenzial dazu haben, den Energiemarkt grundlegend zu revolutionieren. Insbesondere eröffnen sich Möglichkeiten für dezentrale Energiegemeinschaften, in denen meist private, dezentrale Photovoltaikanlagen und Solarstromspeicher mithilfe digitaler Technologien zu großen virtuellen Kraftwerken miteinander verbunden werden und so selbst produzierter Solarstrom unter den Mitgliedern ohne die etablierten Energiekonzerne geteilt werden kann. Wie im Beitrag unter Rückgriff auf das Konzept des Layering of Policies ausführlicher dargelegt, bleibt ein großer Teil dieses Potenzials jedoch ungenutzt, und dies vor allem aufgrund institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen und politischer Interessen(-konflikte). Dazu präsentiert der Beitrag originäre empirische Befunde, vorwiegend aus problemzentrierten Interviews und teilnehmenden Beobachtungen. Auf konzeptioneller Ebene vertiefen die präsentierten Erkenntnisse unser Wissen über die Rolle institutioneller Dynamiken auf verschiedenen Maßstabsebenen im Allgemeinen und die (verzögerte) Durchsetzung von Nachhaltigkeitsinnovationen im Besonderen.
Closed-Form Equation for Estimating Unconfined Compressive Strength of Granite from Three Non-destructive Tests Using Soft Computing Models
Authors: Skentou Athanasia D. , Bardhan Abidhan , Mamou Anna , Lemonis Minas E. , Kumar Gaurav , Samui Pijush , Armaghani Danial J. , Asteris Panagiotis G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe use of three artificial neural network (ANN)-based models for the prediction of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of granite using three non-destructive test indicators, namely pulse velocity, Schmidt hammer rebound number, and effective porosity, has been investigated in this study. For this purpose, a sum of 274 datasets was compiled and used to train and validate three ANN models including ANN constructed using Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (ANN-LM), a combination of ANN and particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO), and a combination of ANN and imperialist competitive algorithm (ANN-ICA). The constructed ANN-LM model was proven to be the most accurate based on experimental findings. In the validation phase, the ANN-LM model has achieved the best predictive performance withR = 0.9607 and RMSE = 14.8272. Experimental results show that the developed ANN-LM outperforms a number of existing models available in the literature. Furthermore, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been developed which can be readily used to estimate the UCS of granite through the ANN-LM model. The developed GUI is made available as a supplementary material.
Gridchain: an investigation of privacy for the future local distribution grid
Authors: Picazo-Sanchez Pablo , Almgren Magnus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs part of building the smart grid, there is a massive deployment of so-called smart meters that aggregate information and communicate with the back-end office, apart from measuring properties of the local network. Detailed measurements and communication of, e.g., consumption allows for remote billing, but also in finding problems in the distribution of power and overall to provide data to be used to plan future upgrades of the network. From a security perspective, a massive deployment of such Internet of Things (IoT) components increases the risk that some may be compromised or that collected data are used for privacy-sensitive inference of the consumption of households. In this paper, we investigate the privacy concerns regarding detailed readings of smart meters for billing purposes. We present Gridchain, a solution where households can opt-in to hide their consumption patterns and thus make Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) more challenging. Households form groups where they can tradereal consumptionamong themselves to achievereported consumptionthat would be resistant to NILM. Gridchain is built on a publish/subscribe model and uses a permissioned blockchain to record any trades, meaning that dishonest households can be discovered and punished if they steal from other households in the group or the electricity company in the end. We implement and release a proof of concept of Gridchain and use public datasets to allow reproducibility. Our results show that even if an attacker has access to the reported electricity consumption of any member of a Gridchain group, this reported consumption is significantly far from the actual consumption to allow for a detailed fingerprint of the household activities.
How Can the European Union Adapt to Climate Change?
Authors: Lenaerts Klaas , Tagliapietra Simone , Wolff Guntram B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEurope must increasingly deal with the harmful impacts of climate change, regardless of its success in reducing emissions. These impacts have significant cross-border effects and threaten to deepen existing divisions. Cooperation on adaptation, which is mostly seen as requiring local or regional efforts, may be useful, but the role of the European Union is ill-defined. This article gives an overview of how climate change might transform Europe and how it might affect people and the economy. It also discusses on what grounds adaptation policies should be pursued at the EU level. The article argues that a stronger adaptation governance framework would benefit adaptation efforts and formulates three ideas to strengthen adaptation. The first is a three-layered governance framework based on intensive cooperation to establish binding adaptation plans. Second is an EU-level insurance scheme against damages from climate change, with the size of national contributions tied to the achievement of targets in adaptation plans. The final suggestion is to increase ex ante adaptation funding by targeting more spending under EU regional and agricultural policies specifically to adaptation in the most vulnerable regions.
Intra-operator Repeatability of Manual Segmentations of the Hip Muscles on Clinical Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Davico Giorgio , Bottin Francesca , Di Martino Alberto , Castafaro Vanita , Baruffaldi Fabio , Faldini Cesare , Viceconti Marco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe manual segmentation of muscles on magnetic resonance images is the gold standard procedure to reconstruct muscle volumes from medical imaging data and extract critical information for clinical and research purposes. (Semi)automatic methods have been proposed to expedite the otherwise lengthy process. These, however, rely on manual segmentations. Nonetheless, the repeatability of manual muscle volume segmentations performed on clinical MRI data has not been thoroughly assessed. When conducted, volumetric assessments often disregard the hip muscles. Therefore, one trained operator performed repeated manual segmentations (n = 3) of the iliopsoas (n = 34) and gluteus medius (n = 40) muscles on coronal T1-weighted MRI scans, acquired on 1.5 T scanners on a clinical population of patients elected for hip replacement surgery. Reconstructed muscle volumes were divided in sub-volumes and compared in terms of volume variance (normalized variance of volumes – nVV), shape (Jaccard Index—JI) and surface similarity (maximal Hausdorff distance—HD), to quantify intra-operator repeatability. One-way repeated measures ANOVA (or equivalent) tests with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons were conducted to assess statistical significance. For both muscles, repeated manual segmentations were highly similar to one another (nVV: 2–6%, JI > 0.78, HD < 15 mm). However, shape and surface similarity were significantly lower when muscle extremities were included in the segmentations (e.g., iliopsoas: HD –12.06 to 14.42 mm,P < 0.05). Our findings show that the manual segmentation of hip muscle volumes on clinical MRI scans provides repeatable results over time. Nonetheless, extreme care should be taken in the segmentation of muscle extremities.
Health Promotion and Identity Construction in Norwegian Kindergartens – A Qualitative Study on Children with and without Disabilities
Authors: Åmot Ingvild , Ytterhus Borgunn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on how children, independent of abilities, create healthy identities and spaces in kindergarten, and is based on a qualitative CGT-study carried out in Norwegian Kindergartens. Data sources include Life-form interviews with 24 children, with and without disabilities. Children placed health in the context of their daily-life experiences. They underlined the importance of aspiring to social well-being and creating healthy spaces through internally driven physical exertion and child-controlled activities. Children described how they relate to the staff’s restrictions and legal requirements as “the staff” versus “we, the children”. They advocate for the staff’s engagement in play and activities.
Geospatial measurement of urban sprawl using multi-temporal datasets from 1991 to 2021: case studies of four Indian medium-sized cities
Authors: Chettry Vishal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, medium-sized Indian cities have experienced accelerated urban growth due to the saturation of large cities. Such rapid urban growth combined with inadequate urban planning has triggered urban sprawl in medium-sized Indian cities. In this context, the present study focuses on the geospatial measurement of urban sprawl in four rapidly expanding Indian medium-sized cities located in diverse physiographic regions, such as Lucknow urban agglomeration (UA), Bhubaneswar UA, Raipur UA, and Dehradun UA. Multi-temporal Landsat imageries from 1991 to 2021 were downloaded for land cover classification through the maximum likelihood classification tool in ArcGIS 10.3. Thereafter, spatiotemporal land cover change detection was performed based on the classified land cover maps. The presence of urban sprawl was detected using the relative entropy index while the urban expansion index quantified the urban sprawl typologies such as edge expansion, leapfrog development, and ribbon development. The results exhibited a rapid rise in built-up land cover from 1991 to 2021. The prevalence of urban sprawl was detected in all four cities as per the relative entropy index. Edge expansion typology of urban sprawl was dominant compared to leapfrog development and ribbon development. Such urban growth phenomenon creates a hindrance in promoting sustainable urban development in medium-sized Indian cities. The results obtained from this paper would assist urban planners and policymakers in developing strategies to encourage planned urban growth. This paper exhibits the potential of geoinformatics to monitor and analyze urban sprawl.
The Buoyancy of the Tunnel Segmental Lining in the Surrounding Filling Material and its Effects on the Concrete Stress State
Authors: Han Xin , Oreste Pierpaolo , Ye Fei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSegmental lining is subject to significant upward buoyancy forces when a grouting material (slurry), initially fluid, is adopted to fill the gap between its external profile and the wall of a tunnel excavated with a TBM machine. The analysis of the effects of these forces is important in order to correctly dimension the segmental lining and avoid damage to the lining and subsequent costly maintenance and restoration actions. Given the complexity of the behavior of a segmental lining consisting of segmental rings and circular joints that alternate in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, a specific numerical model has been implemented, adopting the Finite Element Method (FEM). This model is able to obtain the development of the vertical displacements of the segmental lining starting from the TBM tail, together with the bending moments and the shear forces induced inside it. The developed model is able to assess the risks of breaking and damaging the concrete and steel bolts that are used to connect the segmental rings at the circular joints; therefore, it represents a useful design tool for being able to correctly dimension the segmental lining also in relation to the risks produced by the appearance of considerable buoyancy forces around it, due to the presence of the initially fluid filling material. The proposed numerical model was applied to a real case (Ningbo metro tunnel) and allowed to obtain satisfactory results from the comparison of the calculated displacements with in situ measurements. Some sensitivity analyzes developed on the studied case have made it possible to detect which are the influencing parameters that have the greatest impact on the behavior of segmental lining in the presence of the studied buoyancy forces.
Non-destructive, Contactless and Real-Time Capable Determination of the α’-Martensite Content in Modified Subsurfaces of AISI 304
Authors: Fricke Lara Vivian , Thürer Susanne Elisabeth , Jahns Moritz , Breidenstein Bernd , Maier Hans Jürgen , Barton Sebastian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cryogenic turning can be used to produce deformation-induced martensite in metastable austenitic steels. Martensite exhibits a higher hardness than austenite and increases the wear resistance of the workpiece. In order to reliably induce a desired martensite content in the subsurface zone during the turning process, a non-destructive, contactless and real-time testing method is necessary. Eddy current testing is an electromagnetic method that is non-destructive, non-contact and real-time capable. Furthermore, eddy current testing has been integrated into production processes many times. Eddy current testing can be used to detect the transformation of paramagnetic austenite to ferromagnetic α′-martensite based on the change in magnetic and electrical properties. Thus, the newly formed subsurface can be characterized and the manufacturing process can be monitored. The objective of this study was to understand the correlation of eddy current testing signals with newly formed α′-martensite in the subsurface of AISI 304 and to quantify the amount formed. The measurements were performed within a machining center. Several methods for reference measurement of martensite content are known in the literature. However, depending on the method used, large discrepancies may occur between the determined contents. Therefore, different analytical methods were used for reference measurements to determine the total martensite content in the subsurface. Metallographic sections, magnetic etching, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction with two different analytical methods were employed. Based on the correlation between the eddy current testing signals and the α′-martensite content in the subsurface, process control of the manufacturing process can be achieved in the future.
Equilibrium Solubility of Triclocarban in (Cyclohexane + 1,4-Dioxane) Mixtures: Determination, Correlation, Thermodynamics and Preferential Solvation
Authors: Agredo-Collazos John Jairo , Ortiz Claudia Patricia , Cerquera Nestor Enrique , Cardenas-Torres Rossember Edén , Delgado Daniel Ricardo , Peña María Ángeles , Martínez Fleming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEquilibrium solubility of triclocarban (TCC) expressed in mole fraction in 1,4-dioxane and cyclohexane, as well, as in 19 {cyclohexane (1) + 1,4-dioxane (2)} mixtures, was determined at seven temperatures fromT = (288.15 to 318.15) K. Logarithmic TCC solubility in these cosolvent mixtures was adequately correlated with a lineal bivariate equation as function of both the mixtures composition and temperature. Apparent thermodynamic quantities for the dissolution and mixing processes were computed by means of the van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations observing endothermal and entropy-driven dissolution processes in all cases. The enthalpy–entropy compensation plot of apparent enthalpyvs.apparent Gibbs energy was linear exhibiting positive slope implying enthalpy-driving for TCC transfer from cyclohexane to 1,4-dioxane. Ultimately, by using the inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals it is observed that TCC is preferentially solvated by cyclohexane molecules in 1,4-dioxane-rich mixtures but preferentially solvated by 1,4-dioxane molecules in cyclohexane-rich mixtures.