bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Senator Yeats and the Free State Coinage
Authors: Quin Jack 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The third chapter begins by examining Senator Yeats’s role in designing the new Free State coinage from 1926 to 1928, as chairman of the committee charged with soliciting artists and recommending designs. Despite the wealth of evidence demonstrating Yeats’s interest in coins and medals, his appreciation of coins as an art form and his role in designing the coinage have not received sustained critical attention. This chapter considers coins as low-relief sculpture, connected to his deep interest in sculpture and European sculptors such as Carl Milles and Ivan Meštrović. The chapter isolates the singular contributions but also the frustrations that Yeats faced in his role as committee chairman, with reference to government documents, Yeats Library materials, and recent research into the political context of redesigning the coinage. In so doing, the chapter situates Yeats’s various poetic engagements with coins from “Brown Penny” (1910) to “Parnell’s Funeral” (1935) within a complex negotiation of the coin as a visual arts medium of portraiture in ekphrastic episodes, as a durable talisman that records and transmits ancient myths, or as a structural metaphor for the poem itself. The final section of the chapter evaluates Yeats’s writings and speeches on monuments during his Senate tenure within the wider context of debates over controversial statues to British statesmen and monarchs in a newly independent Ireland.
Pound, Vorticism, and the Sculpture of Brancusi
Authors: Quin Jack 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores modernist approaches to poetry and sculpture by documenting Yeats’s engagement in a substantial body of art writing centered on the Romanian sculptor Constantin Brancusi. Ezra Pound is identified as a totemic figure in a prevailing schema of modernist sculptural poetics that has adopted or appropriated the work of Jacob Epstein, Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, and Constantin Brancusi. Yeats’s own fragmentary but astute engagements with these same figures and sculptures provides an alternative but no less modernist idea of sculptural aesthetics. Pound’s and Gaudier-Brzeska’s contributions to Blast, The Dial, The Little Review, and other little magazines receive close attention in the opening section. Subsequent sections examine Yeats’s “Lapis Lazuli,” the discussion of Brancusi in each version of A Vision (1925; 1937), and in a neglected verse-fragment from the introduction to the 1934 Cuala Press edition of The Words upon the Window-Pane. The aesthetic debates glossed in these references underscore Yeats’s familiarity, and at times disagreements, with the authoritative art writing of Ezra Pound on Brancusi. By revivifying the connections between Pound’s writing on Vorticist sculpture in the 1910s, on Brancusi in the 1920s, and Yeats’s own prose and verse responses to the same works, the chapter complicates a prevailing Vorticist historiography of modernist sculpture. In so doing, the chapter also considers Yeats’s status as a modernist by comparing his writing on modern verse with his writing on modern sculpture, and his selection of poems for the Oxford Book of Modern Verse (1936).
Cities and the Environment on the Constitutional Stage
Authors: Nelson Rebecca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human influence on the environment is now widely considered to be so significant as to constitute a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. The rapidly accelerating pace, scale, and impact of urbanization makes it a critical driver of that influence, so much so that some prefer the term ‘Astycene’—an era altered and characterized by the ‘astos’, or urban dweller. The widespread adoption of modern constitutional environmental rights provisions speaks to the scale and severity of contemporary environmental threats in general. However, the centrality of cities in causing and experiencing environmental threats, and the corresponding constitutional implications, remain substantively unaddressed by constitutions and their scholars. This chapter applies an environmental lens to the key questions of whether constitutions should recognize cities, and what any such recognition should seek to accomplish. It uses the metaphor of the constitutional stage, first describing the environmental backdrop to that stage in physical and institutional terms. It then argues that although cities can act in the role of both environmental victim and villain, recognizing them in constitutions would help address important environmental problems in both situations. Both situations also support constitutionalizing intergovernmental coordination mechanisms that can adapt to changing circumstances—in other words, action on stage that unfolds using dialogues and improvisation, rather than the ‘constitutional soliloquys’ of exclusive powers and rigid constitutional formulations. Finally, the chapter explores factors relevant to the casting call—determining what counts as a city for the purposes of an environmentally informed constitutional narrative.
The City in the Future of Federalism
Authors: Schragger Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cities have been largely absent from the theory and doctrine of federalism, especially in the US, where federalism discourse is invariably preoccupied with states. This chapter first considers the mismatch between cities’ increasing economic, political, and sociological importance and their relative lack of status in constitutional theory. Second, it discusses the use and definition of the term ‘city’—a threshold issue that drives much subsequent theorizing about it. And third, it considers the various ways institutional designers might go about empowering the city. These observations lay the groundwork for the broader argument that state-based federalism is bad for cities. The ‘old’ federalism, based on the theory that sub-national governments are sharply limited in their policy choices by the threat of capital flight, presumed weak and ineffectual cities—a presumption that has become self-fulfilling in the US, where states have been aggressively reducing and restraining city power. A ‘new’ federalism would recognize the central role of cities in an urban-based political and economic order and provide them powers commensurate with that role. As global urbanization continues apace, the urban–rural political divide deepens, and nation-states face repeated crises of legitimacy, the necessity of building the city into our constitutional institutions becomes increasingly apparent.
Constitutional Pluralism as a Descriptive Theory
Authors: Bobić Ana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter sets out the descriptive features of constitutional pluralism. It addresses its descriptive elements, first theoretically, and subsequently, offering a broad brush prima facie substantiation of their operation. More specifically, constitutional pluralism is a system in which different claims to ultimate authority run in parallel, regularly engage in conflict, and are resolved incrementally through the operation of the auto-correct function, sustained by the application of sincere cooperation and mutual respect. The analysis shows the recurring use of a shared judicial vocabulary which points to the existence of a common understanding of the division of obligations among the participants of the European judicial space driven by heterarchy. This provides prima facie evidence of the basic descriptive premises of the theory of constitutional pluralism, where the co-existence of multiple claims to ultimate authority drives the relationship between EU and national constitutional law. The interaction of national and EU law demonstrates the existence of in-built conditions for judicial accommodation of conflict (‘the auto-correct function’), such as the principle of EU-friendly interpretation in national constitutional law, or the national identity clause in primary EU law.
Ultra Vires Review
Authors: Bobić Ana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyses the case law of the Court of Justice and national constitutional courts concerning the question of competence monitoring. This issue represents the source of constitutional conflict and the underlying struggle in the relationship between the Court of Justice and national constitutional courts. Ultra vires review is primarily a structural question of the division of competences between the EU and the Member States. The case law under analysis is thus content-neutral, as the questions raised can result in both more or less integration. The analysis is structured in a chronological manner, and according to the theoretical framework outlined in Chapter 1. Accordingly, the analysis covers the introduction of direct effect and primacy, further expansions by the Court of Justice of the self-referential system of the Treaties in relation to EU external action, general principles of law, as well as rule of law and judicial independence. It also analyses national claims to ultra vires review, including their constructive or destructive nature.
Fundamental Rights Review
Authors: Bobić Ana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the EU and national constitutional fundamental rights jurisprudence, by analysing its development through time. The chapter analyses the initial judicial interactions that led to the development of fundamental rights protection at the EU level. Further, the chapter addresses the case law of the Court of Justice in the area of fundamental rights review, in particular in relation to the expansion of its scope and the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The chapter then again looks at the joint jurisprudence of the EU and the national level in relation to the application of fundamental rights review in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) and the field of data retention. Finally, the chapter offers conclusions concerning the role and position of fundamental rights review in the system of constitutional pluralism and in respect of the question of the final arbiter.
Judicial Triangles across Case Studies
Authors: Bobić Ana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter in Conclusions of the book presents the main findings concerning the descriptive and normative characteristics of constitutional pluralism in respect of the three areas of review where constitutional review materializes. In addition, it presents the analysis of different constellations of the judicial triangle, showing that heterarchy pervades the power relations between the courts under analysis. The different judicial triangles placed alongside each other enable us to see power relations changing over time as if in a flipbook animation. It becomes clear that there is no balanced triangle, as power relations are always skewed at individual points of conflict. The auto-correct function of constitutional pluralism instead shows that, when regarded in the aggregate, the triangles demonstrate a balance.
What characterizes economic warfare today?
Authors: Oermann Nils Ole , Wolff Hans-Jürgen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe chapter recalls the technological leaps in information and communication technology, highlights the importance of China’s full entrance into the world economy, describes China’s state capitalist model, and shows the political impact of the global financial crisis and European debt crisis. It shows the changes in the international political order since the Iron Curtain came down in 1989: the West, led by the United States, overstretched its power, overreacted militarily to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, and experienced growing opposition by Russia and China. President Putin warned the West, then employed armed force in Georgia, Ukraine, and Syria. China hardened its stance in the China Seas, took an authoritarian path under the leadership of Xi Jinping, and engages in widespread industrial espionage. The creation of cyberspace has introduced a completely new, anarchic sphere for espionage, crime, and warfare short of armed conflict. Developments in that sphere are treated in detail. The chapter describes how economic sanctions were used ever more frequently since 1989, for political signalling as well as to achieve changes of behaviour. It reports how new forms of sanctions in the international financial system were developed, mainly by the USA, and how they operate. It shows how power politics permeates monetary orders, and how free capital movement and credit-funded speculation triggered financial crises since the 1990s, culminating in the world financial crisis and euro crisis. It highlights the dominating role of the US dollar, and how imprudently the USA used its monetary privilege.
Speculation Fiction:Incidents in the Life of a Slave GirlandThe Bondwoman’s Narrative
Authors: Ross Kelly 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGiven the hypervisibility of the Black female body, Black women’s strategies for resisting surveillance add another dimension to the dialectic of racialized surveillance and sousveillance that this book has analyzed. The female protagonists of Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Hannah Crafts’s The Bondwoman’s Narrative develop a future-oriented sousveillance—carefully “spying out” information that they can turn to their advantage—but they also harness the power of surveillance to protect themselves and others. Their tactics are not simply dialectically opposed to surveillance, therefore, but rather strategically amplify the scopic methods of enslavers. In particular, Jacobs and Crafts highlight the brutal effects of slave speculation, which was fundamental to the slave economy, by explicitly figuring their resistance to enslavement as an alternative form of speculation, aimed not at seeking economic profit, but at minimizing harm to themselves and their loved ones.
Privatised Immigration Detention
Authors: Ryo Emily , Peacock Ian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
How we organise ideas and develop narratives or ‘frames’ can shape public opinion and the course of social movements, structure policy debates, and define research agendas. This chapter has three goals. First, the current state of knowledge regarding the origin and nature of privatised immigration detention in the United States is described. Second, three key anti-privatisation frames that immigrant rights advocates and supporters of detention reform have used to try to mobilise against privatised detention are identified. Third, drawing on insights from existing social scientific research, whether and how these frames might shape public attitudes and policymaking on privatised detention in particular and immigration detention more generally is considered. Through these analyses, new lines of theoretically grounded and empirically informed inquiry for understanding the evolving contestation over privatised detention are developed.
Work, Non-Work, Care, and Gender
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter expands the analysis from Chapters 4 and 5 to explore how the law’s construction of non-work, and of the caring practices and capacities of which non-work necessarily consists, influences the extent to which the law is able to capture the true scope of the ‘work’ performed in contemporary capitalism, and the implications of this for the way in which work is regulated. This analysis is used to shed new light on the gendered implications of the law’s conception of work, and the law’s role in structuring, and legitimizing, capitalism’s gendered division of labour. The chapter shows that the law’s conception of non-work shapes the way in which certain practices, and capacities, are valued, and organized, when they come to be performed as work, devaluing them in the process. It also shows how, and why, this situation has a disproportionate impact on women. The chapter explores the partial professionalization of certain forms of caring labour in the nineteenth century, namely teaching and nursing, showing how the caring content of the work influenced the process of professionalization, and continues to impact on the perceived status of these forms of work. It then presents a critique of the legal mechanisms traditionally harnessed to challenge gender inequality, with a particular focus on the Equality Act 2010 and its predecessor legislation.
Modelling the Memory and Anticipation of Pleasure
Authors: Hampson Margaret , O’Reilly Katharine R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In his ‘Memory, Anticipation, Pleasure’, James Warren describes two models for how ancient philosophers understood the memory and anticipation of pleasure and pain. According to the first, memory and anticipation allow us to re-live or pre-live temporally remote affections; according to the second, an experience at t1 might have a different and opposite affective character to the anticipation of that experience at t-1, or the recollection of it at t2. This response analyses Warren’s characterization of the two models and the fit between the models and the texts Warren surveys. It shows that the first model in particular struggles to fit many of the texts, with the distinction between the two models threatening to collapse. The chapter ends with a provisional suggestion as to how the distinction between Warren’s two models might be preserved.
Three Mistakes about Stoic Ethics
Authors: Russell Daniel C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
According to the ancient Stoics, living virtuously is all one needs for living well—for what the Roman Stoics called vita beata and the Greek Stoics eudaimonia, which today is usually rendered “happiness.” According to Cicero, the Stoics believe both that the exercise of virtue requires no special circumstances outside one’s control—virtue is self-sufficient—and that virtue is the only good, and that explains why they believe that virtue is sufficient for happiness. By contrast, the prevailing modern reconstruction is that the Stoics believe that virtue is sufficient for happiness, and that explains why they believe that virtue is the only good. Notice three differences between the modern reconstruction and Cicero’s—and, this chapter argues, the modern reconstruction’s three mistakes: the modern reconstruction reverses the order of explanation between the thesis that virtue is sufficient for happiness and the thesis that virtue is the only good; it ignores the thesis that virtue is self-sufficient; and it offers no rationale for the Stoics’ belief that virtue is sufficient for happiness. Recognizing these three mistakes is important for understanding Stoic ethics, and why the Stoic argument was—and remains—one to be reckoned with.
Comments on Daniel C. Russell, ‘Three Mistakes about Stoic Ethics’
Authors: Sedley David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In these brief comments the author focuses primarily on the issue raised at the start of Daniel Russell’s chapter, that is, the question of the inferential connection between the sufficiency of virtue for happiness, for the Stoics, and the thesis that virtue is the only good. The author emphasizes in particular that Stoic ethical inferences such as those Daniel Russell scrutinizes in his paper are not usually meant to be understood as autonomous, but as tacitly presupposing premises drawn from elsewhere in the system, for example that virtue and happiness are kinds of perfection, not admitting of degrees.
Active Brownian Particles with Programmable Interaction Rules
Authors: Lozano Celia , Bäuerle Tobias , Bechinger Clemens 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is commonly assumed that collective dynamics in living system emerges when individuals adapt their behavior to their peers. Usually, individuals respond to perceived stimuli by moving according to certain behavioral rules , e.g. attraction and or alignment with and to neighbours. Assessing the consequences of such individual perception-response rules at the group level is of paramount importance to understand, predict, and reproduce a given collective behavior. Here, we demonstrate that quorum sensing being employed by bacterial organisms can be implemented in a system of active colloidal particles whose response is controlled on a single particle level using an optical feedback mechanism. With this approach we are able to demonstrate that quorum sensing strongly enhances the formation of clusters, which are – compared to motility induced phase separation of uncontrolled particles – observed at considerably smaller densities.
Tissues as Active Materials
Authors: Joanny Jean-François , Brézin Louis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We discuss the growth of biological tissues and the role of mechanical stresses on tissue growth. The guiding idea is to consider a tissue as a material and to make a continuum mechanics description by building the equivalent of a constitutive equation of the tissue relating the stress in the tissue to a local deformation (strain) or a velocity gradient. However, we need to take into account specific features of tissues. A tissue is a living material, which consumes energy and therefore it cannot be described by equilibrium thermodynamics. A tissue grows because cells divide and it shrinks because cells die. The number of cells in a tissue is therefore not constant. While we lay out this program, we have in mind two types of tissues for which cell division and cell death play an important role: cancerous tissues and animal tissues during early development.
Active Systems
Authors: Berthier Ludovic , Kurchan Jorge 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes a series of lectures on “Active glassy materials”, where we covered topics on active matter, non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, and dense glassy materials. We start with a discussion of generic features of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, followed by a description of selected examples of the possible consequences of not being at thermal equilibrium. We then introduce the topic of dense glassy materials with a short review of glassy dynamics, rheology and jamming transitions for systems that are not active. We then discuss dense active materials, from simple mean-field theories to numerical models and experimental realisations. Finally, we discuss two examples of materials driven out of equilibrium by an oscillatory driving force.
Forces in Dry Active Matter
Authors: Ben Dor Ydan , Kafri Yariv , Tailleur Julien 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces recent developments in the thermomechanics of active systems, which exhibit features that are very different from those of equilibrium systems. This has many implications for systems ranging from shaken granular gases to the motion of cells. We start with a short overview of different definitions of pressure and the conditions under which they are equivalent. This allows us to identify a class of systems – commonly referred to as dry active matter – where the simple equilibrium intuition might break. We show that there is, in general, no equation of state for the forces they exert on their container. We discuss the origin of this phenomenon, as well as its consequences. Finally, we go beyond the question of the equation of state and provide a brief discussion of recent developments concerning the forces exerted on objects immersed in active systems.