bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chances of Getting Breast Cancer in Women Who Start Smoking as Teenagers
Authors: Raddi Rahul H. , Jha Rakesh Kumar , Chandi Dhruba Hari 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Yes it is a fact that even young people can get breast cancer, even if it is rare but its reality and case is much neglected, so it should not be underestimated. Breast cancer is so prevalent among young people that most organizations do not keep track of the disease at this age. Adolescents, however, may be concerned that changes in their breasts during puberty are a sign of breast cancer. They should check their breasts for improvement and get confirmation from their doctor if they have any questions.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to see how smoking affects the risk of breast cancer in a wide number of women, many of whom started smoking as teenagers.
Material and Methods: From November 2019 to April 2021, we tracked 150 women aged 30 to 50 who completed a mailed questionnaire as part of the Datta Meghe Medical college Cohort Study in Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Center, Nagpur in collaboration with JNMC & ABVRH (Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed To Be University), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra. We looked at the entire sample population, as well as women who had smoked for at least 20 years, nondrinkers, and each country separately.
Results: The distribution of these traits depends depending on whether or not you smoke. Except for alcohol intake of breast cancer (P0.0001), smokers and non-smokers vary insignificantly on all of the variables mentioned in the graph.
Conclusion: Our study found that women who started smoking at an early age and continued to smoke for at least 20 years had a higher risk of breast cancer. The fact that today's smokers started smoking at an early age than in previous generations may be a good way to prevent breast cancer.
Comparison of Microwave Treatment and Pressure Cooker Methods for Antigen Retrieval Techniques in Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Jagtap Miheer , Dehankar Shivani J. , Vagha Sunita 
Published: March 2022

Background: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a method which is capable of detecting antigens or antibodies on the cells. The antigen antibody complex formed as a result of this reaction can be visualized at a light microscopic level. The main procedure involves application of a primary antibody which is targeted against a selected tissue antigen. Immunohistochemistry implements various polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies which help to identify the tissue location of the disease. Antigen retrieval (AR) is a key step in IHC which can be done by two methods: 1] Pressure cooker treatment 2] Microwave treatment method. This study aims to compare antigen retrieval efficacy and quality of immunohistochemical sections obtained by these two methods.
Methodology: This prospective analytical study will be conducted in the histopathology and immunohistochemistry divisions of department of Pathology, J.N.M.C. Wardha. The study will evaluate immunohistochemical sections during which antigen retrieval would be done either by microwave treatment method or autoclave method in 30 cases. All the cases will be divided in two groups. For Group 1 - antigen retrieval will be performed by microwave treatment method. For Group 2 - antigen retrieval will be done by autoclave method. Qualitative evaluation and comparison of the sections obtained by these 2 methods will be done. Statistical evaluation will be done by SPSS software version 22.0, Prism 6.0 analysis software. Chi square test will be used for comparison.
Results: A significant difference is expected in the between the efficacy of antigen retrieval by pressure cooker method and microwave treatment.
Conclusion: Conclusions will be drawn on careful analysis of results.
Assessment of Lung Function Test on Street Vendors of Chennai Region, India
Authors: Jain D. Khushi , Preetha S. , Sridevi G. , Pratap Lavanya 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Street vendors are the most dominant occupation in urban and rural areas. Street vendors are exposed to several environmental pollution. They inhale toxic compounds such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and other volatile organic chemicals. This is due to emission from vehicles and traffic. The aim of the study is to assess lung function on street vendors of the Chennai region.
Materials and Methods: The study is done among street vendors in chennai region. The study included 50 people where 25 people are from the exposed group and 25 people are from the normal group. It was conducted by using a computerised spirometer. The total air capacity of the lung. The data was collected and entered in SPSS software. The results were obtained by doing an independent sample T test.
Result and Discussion: Parameters like FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEV1/FVC were used to assess the lung function. It was observed that there is a decline in pulmonary functions parameters of the street vendors and it was not statistically significant .
Conclusion: Thus the effect of pollution by the vehicles may be responsible for the pulmonary function impairment on street vendors affecting their lungs and other organs. This can be prevented by using face masks, lifestyle modification etc.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Stem Extract of Musa sapientum and Its Characterisation: an in vitro Study
Authors: Sowbaraniya S. M. , Ganesh S. Balaji , Rajeshkumar S. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great interest because of their unique physical and chemical properties and among which copper nanoparticles are used for its low cost, better efficacy and environmentally friendly. Musa sapientum has been considered as one of the best medicinal value plants and can be used for the treatment of various periodontal diseases.
The aim of the study is to synthesize and characterize Musa sapientum mediated copper nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods: The Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using Musa sapientum extract and characterization was done by UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
Results: The results confirmed that the synthesized Musa sapientum mediated nanoparticle was eco-friendly and non-toxic. The peak value has been centered at 75 nm, which has been mainly associated with absorbance of CuNPs. Absorbance rate increases with increase in wavelength. The formation of CuNPs as well as their morphological dimensions in the TEM study demonstrate that the average size is from 5.67 – 9.10 nm. The shapes of the CuNPs are proved to be spherical. TEM analysis reveals that the copper nanoparticles are predominantly spherical. The overall morphology of the copper nanoparticles produced by reduction of cu2+ ions with 2Mm CUSO4 is composed of almost uniform nanoparticles.
Conclusion: In this study, a simple, biological and low-cost approach was done for the preparation of copper nanoparticles using stem extract of Musa sapientum. Thus Musa sapientum mediated copper nanoparticles can be subjected to the various other biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic evaluation to know the efficiency of these nanoparticles.
Evaluation of Anticancer Effect of Aegle marmelos in Human Breast Cancer Cells by In-vitro Analysis
Authors: Neha R. , Sridevi G. , Selvaraj J. , Preetha S. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Cancer is uncontrolled division and proliferation of abnormal cells in the body. Nowadays, therapeutic Treatment of cancer has become a great clinical challenge and alternative medicines are being extensively studied to cure cancer. Aegle marmelos is one such plant Which has many pharmacological activities.
Aim: To study the anticancer activity of Aegle marmelos which promotes cell death in human cancer breast cells MCF7 by modulating wnt/beta catenin expression.
Materials and methods: Human Breast Cancer cell line (MCF-7) was purchased from NCCS.Cell viability was assayed using a modified colorimetric technique that is based on the ability of live cells to convert MTT. The specificity of the amplification product was determined by melting curve analysis for each primer pairs. The obtained data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test with a computer-based software.
Results: the viability of cancer cells after addition of Aegle marmelos has decreased from 100% to 50% with increase in concentration of the extract 100-600 micrograms/ml. It is also evident that there was a fold change in control over Wnt m-RNA expression of MCF7 that decreased significantly on the addition of Aegle marmelos extract. The results also showed that there was a fold change in control of the beta catenin m-RNA expression of MCF7,which decreased significantly in addition to Aegle marmelos.
Conclusion: The present study concluded an innovative finding that Aegle marmelos promotes cell death in MCF7 cells by modulating the pathway. The plant extract also possesses hepato- renal protective effect thus, it can be used as a novel and safe anti-cancer drug against breast cancer cells.
Sellar and Supra-sellar Mass Lesion Imaging Consistent Pituitary Macroadenoma In 70 Year Old Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Bhoyar Prakash , Tivaskar Suhas , More Akash , Luharia Anurag 
Published: March 2022

Background: In the sellar region, pituitary tumors are frequent. Clinically evident pituitary lesions account for around 10% of all intracranial lesions, whereas incidental pituitary tumors are found in about 11% of people. Benign adenomas are the most common kind of pituitary tumor. These adenomas are generally tiny when they appear first and manifest early as a hormonal imbalance occurs due to overproduction. A commonly used treatment for adenomas is the excision of the tumor. If metastasis occurs, chemotherapy/radiotherapy can be used. The most common complication of pituitary adenoma is transient or permanent diabetes insipid us, CSF rhinorrhea, or visual field defects.
Case Presentation: We herein present an interesting case of a 70-year-old female patient of the department of neurosurgery. A patient came on an outpatient basis with a clinical history of severe headache in the last 15 days, blurring of vision in bilateral eyes, diplopia and fainting in the previous 8-10 days, fever (on and off) in the past 8 days. The diagnosis was done with the help of CT and MRI scan imaging and treated with excision of adenoma. Many malignancies can be prevented by making specific lifestyle modifications (such as staying at a healthy weight or quitting smoking). However, no known outside risk factors have been associated with pituitary tumors. As a result, at this moment, there is no known strategy to avoid these adenomas other than early intervention.
Conclusion: A case of sellar and supra-sellar mass lesion-imaging consistent with pituitary macroadenoma in 70-year-old women managed with a multicentric approach. Genetic counseling and psychological assistance should be provided to the members of the family. The presenting with pituitary adenoma is part of a genetic condition. With further information on adenohypophyseal cytodifferentiation pathways, the classification of these cancer is expected to improve in the future.
Estimating the Diagnostic Accuracy of High Sensitive C- Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) in Early Detection of Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Kakkat Shikha Muringathery , Lohiya Sham 
Published: March 2022

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a critical issue and if sepsis in neonates is diagnosed early by reliable tests, we can avoid unwanted administration of higher antibiotics, reduce the expenses of hospital care and also prevent emergence of bacterial strains that are resistance to antibiotics. Detecting neonatal sepsis in its earlier stage is still difficult as it presents as a variety of symptoms that could also classify many other disorders. Early onset sepsis presents within 72 hours of birth. This study aims to measure the efficacy of high sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Methodology: This prospective cross sectional study will be conducted at AVBRH, Wardha. Two serial measurements of hs-CRP will be taken and values will be correlated with respect to other conventional screening markers. CRP and hs-CRP levels in these populations will be studied and compared to assess sensitivity, specificity and observed cut off values for the same. The neonates will be followed up during hospital stay till discharge and outcome will be noted and all data will be collected. Data analysis will be done at the end using appropriate statistical methods.
Expected Results: In our study we expect hs-CRP to be more sensitive in predicting neonatal sepsis as compared to conventional markers like CRP, Septic screen. We expect hs-CRP to be a better predictor in diagnosing sepsis so that we can intervene early and reduce morbidity and hospital stay.
Conclusion: Inclusion of hs-CRP as part of routine screening of neonates for sepsis can be recommended.
In vitro Anti-inflammatory Properties of Various Extracts of Andrographis echioides
Authors: Javith . , Sridevi G. , Selavaraj J. , Preetha S. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Andrographis echioides (Acanthaceae) which is commonly known as false water willow is a herb commonly found throughout India. Some of them are medicinally important. The plants from genus Andrographis are used in goiter, liver diseases, fever, fertility problems, bacterial, malarial, helminthic fungal, diarrhea and larvicidal disorders.
Materials and Methods: The in-vitro anti inflammatory properties of aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform extracts were evaluated by Protein denaturation assay. Aspirin was a positive control. The experiment was done in triplicates and percent inhibition of protein denaturation was calculated. The data were analysed statistically using one way analysis of variance ( ONE-WAY ANOVA). Duncan's multiple tests were used to analyse the statistical significance between groups. The level of significance was considered at the levels of p<0.005.
Results: There was a dose-dependent increase in protease inhibition of protein denaturation in three extracts from the concentration ranging from 100 to 500 ug/ml. All the three extracts of Andrographis echioides showed better in-vitro anti-inflammatory effect compounds.
Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform of Andrographis echioides possessed potent in vitro anti inflammatory effect attributed to its flavonoid, phenyl glycosides compounds.
Antibacterial Activity of Sargassum Species Seaweed Extracts against E. coli
Authors: Sutharshan G. S. , Roy Anitha , Sivaperumal Pitchiah , Lakshmi T. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Seaweeds are marine macroscopic algae; they are the raw materials for the production of agar and algin and later they are consumed as foodstuffs. Seaweeds are grouped under three divisions viz., Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae which are found in relatively shallow coastal waters. Sargassum, a genus of brown seaweed, and it was commonly known as gulfweed belonging to the family Sargassaceae. The antibacterial activity of a molecule is completely associated with compounds that kill bacteria or slow down their growth rate, without being highly toxic to nearby tissues. The main aim of the study is to prepare and evaluate the potential antibacterial activity of Sargassum species seaweed extract against E. coli.
Materials and Methods: The fresh seaweed Sargassum sp. was collected from Tuticorin coastal area, Tamil Nadu. The extract was prepared using ethanol and stored in a shadowy aluminum container at 4ºC for further analysis. The bacterial suspension was made using Gram-negative Drug-resistant Escherichia coli, Uropathogenic E. coli, and Verotoxin-producing E. coli. The antibacterial activity of seaweed extract was performed with a disc diffusion method. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of seaweed extract was observed.
Results: The data was collected and tabulated and the bioactivity of the seaweed extracts was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antibacterial activity against the selected isolated E. coli, UPEC and VPEC was more susceptible to the crude extract of the seaweed (Sargassum sp.), as the MIC was 20 µg/ml. The extract showed the antibacterial activity.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that Sargassum sp. Seaweed has antibacterial potential. Further future work should be done to determine the exact active compounds responsible for activity
Studies on Chemotherapeutic Potential of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Aegle marmelos on Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Kumar N. Bharath , Sridevi G. , Selvaraj R. , Preetha S. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Lung cancer, one of the world’s leading causes of cancer death. There is an improvement in mortality by screening of lung cancer by low dose computed tomography. Long time ago, lung cancer was a reportable disease which now became a commonest cause of death due to cancer. Discovery of medicine for various diseases is still an ongoing process. A lot of diseases are still remaining a threat without any treatment or medicine. Herbal derived medicines are preferred because of their low side effects on patients.
Objective: To investigate the role of Aegle marmelos against human lung cancer cell lines (A549 cell line).
Materials and Methods: A549 cell lines were procured from NCCS (National center for cell sciences) Pune, India. It was cultured and viability of the cells before and after adding the extract was analysed using the MTT assay. mRNA amplification was done using real time PCR.Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and dunken’s multiple test. Corresponding graphs are also plotted.
Results: The viability of the cells decreased from 100% to 50%. The mRNA expression of wnt and β-catenin decreased after the addition of the extract.
Conclusion: The study concluded that Aegle marmelos possesses a good, novel, innovative, anti- cancer activity against the lung cancer cell lines A549.
A Study of Nasal Septal Deviation, External Nasal Deformities, and their Correlation with the Severity of Sino-Nasal Symptoms Using Sino Nasal Symptoms Score Questionnaire
Authors: Sunnychan Senu , Deshmukh P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Background/Rationale: The human nose is structurally complex and this complexity results in nasal shape and shape variations. Midline deformities such as hump nose, saddle nose, tip deformities and lateral nasal deformities such as crooked nose, deviated nose, alar depression are common forms of deformity affecting the external nose. Internal nasal valve (INV) is a key anatomical landmark of nasal cavity. Any obstructions in this region have tremendous effects on inspiratory and expiratory currents. This study aims to assess the nasal septal deviation and external nasal deformities and correlate the severity of sino nasal symptoms.
Methods: This Prospective observational study will include total 50 patients with nasal septal deviation. Patients will undertake Sino Nasal Test -22 questionnaire. Investigations like Diagnostic nasal endoscopy with 30 degree nasal endoscope, X-ray PNS Water’s view and complete blood count including absolute eosinophilic count will be carried out. Data will be analysed using appropriate statistical tests.
Expected Results: A significant correlation is expected between Nasal Septal Deviation, External Nasal Deformities, and Severity of Sino-nasal Symptoms.
Conclusion: This study will reflect on internal nasal valve and it’s correlation with etiopathological process of upper respiratory tract. It will also guide clinicians in choosing appropriate surgical approach.
Neurofibroma of the Median Nerve Managed With Ultrasound Guided Nerve Block: A Case Report
Authors: Tople Jeshnu Prakash , Shankar Shilpa 
Published: March 2022

Background: Median nerve neurofibroma can mimic carpal tunnel syndrome. In unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, wrist imaging is suggested to exclude tumors. Diagnosis and management of peripheral nerve sheath tumors can be challenging.
Case: This is a case report of 42-year-old female with median nerve neurofibroma who presented with excruciating pain as the main symptom. Though surgical excision is the preferred treatment, it is associated with the risk of functional deficit. In this case, patient was unwilling for surgery. This report highlights the evaluation of neurofibroma and the role of median nerve block in the symptomatic as well as functional improvement.
Conclusion: Nerve block can be effective if neurofibroma presents with pain as the main symptom without any impairment of motor function or daily activities.
The Effect of Conventional Lumbar Spine Surgery on the Lumbar Multifidus Fat Infiltration
Authors: Mirsaeid Seyed Shahab Ghazi , Basharabadi Ahmad Porashiedy , Fallah Ehsan , Nasab Mohammad Mansouri 
Published: March 2022

Aims: Low back pain is considered as a common problem that affects most adults at least once in their lives. Almost 90% of people experience back pain during their lifetime. The total cost of treating chronic low back pain in the United States is estimated at more than $ 100 billion annually. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of lumbar spine surgery on the lumbar multifidus fat infiltration in the patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital in 2020.
Study Design: Prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neurosurgery, AJA University of Medical Sciences (AJAUMS), Imam-Reza Hospital, Tehran between January 2020 and January 2021.
Methodology: In the present prospective study, patients with disk herniation or lumbar spine canal stenosis referred to the neurosurgery clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in 2020 that underwent surgery were enrolled. After six months, they underwent lumbosacral MRI again. Multifidus muscles in primary MRI and sixth month MRI were compared at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels and the changes were recorded.
Results: A total number of 288 patients were enrolled in the present study during the study period. Based on the results, moderate fat infiltration (grade II) have had the highest frequency amongst the patients, and 52% of patients were in the moderate state in terms of adipose tissue infiltration in multifidus muscle postoperatively.
Conclusion: Increased adipose tissue infiltration in the postoperative period was high and can be considered as a cause of disability and severe pain in patients after surgery. Due to the muscle atrophy six months post-surgery owing to intraoperative muscle injuries and consequently postoperative movement restriction, some exercises and physical therapy can be suggested to correct movement patterns and further reduce pain in the patients.