bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deutschlands Beteiligung an Einsätzen des UN-Peacekeeping. Der Fall MINUSMA
Authors: Kaim Markus 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie militärische Beteiligung an Friedenseinsätzen der Vereinten Nationen gehört zwar rhetorisch zum Kernbestand deutscher Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik. Seit Mitte der 1990er-Jahre hat sich Deutschland jedoch auf eher symbolische Beiträge der Bundeswehr beschränkt. Obgleich die Stärkung der Vereinten Nationen Ziel deutscher Politik bleibt, sind die Motive dafür, sich an Friedensoperationen zu beteiligen, strategisch unterreflektiert. Sich daraus ergebende Zielkonflikte und Dilemmata bleiben ungelöst.
Laparoscopic gynecological surgery under minimally invasive anesthesia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Giampaolino Pierluigi , Della Corte Luigi , Mercorio Antonio , Bruzzese Dario , Coviello Antonio , Grasso Giovanna , Del Piano Anna Claudia , Bifulco Giuseppe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility and the perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic gynecological surgery in regional anesthesia (RA) from the point of view of the surgeon, anesthesiologist and patient. This is a prospective cohort study comprising sixty-six women planned to undergo gynecologic laparoscopy surgery for benign pathology at tertiary care gynecolgical center of the University Federico II of Naples. Women were assigned, according to their preference, to either RA (Group A) or general anesthesia (GA) (Group B). Surgical, anesthesiologic and postoperative recovery data were recorded. Postoperative pain was considered as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included mobilization, length of hospital stay, global surgeons and patient satisfaction, intraoperative pain assessment in Group A. Immediate postoperative pain was significantly lower in Group A 0 vs 2 (p < 0.001), with no significant differences at 24 h. The secondary outcome demonstrated early patient’s mobilization (p < 0.001) as well as early discharge (p < 0.001) and greater patient’s satisfaction for the Group A. In these patients, a maximum pain score of 3 points out of 5 was recorded through the entire surgery. RA showed to decrease the impact of surgical stress and to guarantee a quicker recovery without compromising surgical results. Although several surgical approaches can be employed to treat different conditions, RA technique could be a viable option for well-selected patients affected by gynecological diseases.
Venture capital investments through the lens of network and functional data analysis
Authors: Esposito Christian , Gortan Marco , Testa Lorenzo , Chiaromonte Francesca , Fagiolo Giorgio , Mina Andrea , Rossetti Giulio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper we characterize the performance of venture capital-backed firms based on their ability to attract investment. The aim of the study is to identify relevant predictors of success built from the network structure of firms’ and investors’ relations. Focusing on deal-level data for the health sector, we first create a bipartite network among firms and investors, and then apply functional data analysis to derive progressively more refined indicators of success captured by a binary, a scalar and a functional outcome. More specifically, we use different network centrality measures to capture the role of early investments for the success of the firm. Our results, which are robust to different specifications, suggest that success has a strong positive association with centrality measures of the firm and of its large investors, and a weaker but still detectable association with centrality measures of small investors and features describing firms as knowledge bridges. Finally, based on our analyses, success is not associated with firms’ and investors’ spreading power (harmonic centrality), nor with the tightness of investors’ community (clustering coefficient) and spreading ability (VoteRank).
Exploring Mindfulness and Mindful Eating and Visual Attention Towards Food Cues: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Hussain Misba , Unchiasu Madalina , Wood Jeffrey , Samways Neale , Keyte Rebecca , Egan Helen , Mantzios Michail 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContinual exposure to energy dense foods is suggested to promote overeating and obesity. The aim of the present research was to explore whether or not mindfulness could reduce visual attention towards food cues. In two laboratory studies, participants with a normal weight range completed an eye-tracking paradigm, and their eye-movements were recorded. In study 1, participants were exposed to either mindfulness meditation or a control condition, and their eye-movements towards low energy density (LED) vs high energy density (HED) food cues were measured. In study 2, participants were assigned to a mindful eating condition using a Mindful Construal Diary (MCD) or a control condition, and their eye-movements towards LED or HED food vs. non-food cues were recorded. In study 1, participants in the mindfulness meditation condition had greater attention duration towards LED food cues, whilst those in the control condition exhibited greater attention duration towards HED food cues. In study 2, there were no significant differences in the maintenance of attentional biases towards food cues between the two conditions. Mindfulness meditation may be beneficial in increasing attention towards LED food cues. Future research should further explore the effect of mindfulness and mindful eating on visual attention towards food cues with people who suffer from excess weight or have obesity, and also within naturalistic settings.
„Liquid biopsy“ in der gastrointestinalen Onkologie: Hype oder bald Realität?
Authors: Berger Andreas W. , Seufferlein Thomas 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten 10 Jahren sind „liquid biopsies“ bei gastrointestinalen Tumorerkrankungen deutlich in den Fokus der Wissenschaft und Forschung gerückt. Bei den neuen, blutbasierten Biomarkern, die unter dem Sammelbegriff der „liquid biopsies“ zusammengefasst werden, geht es in erster Linie um die Analyse von zirkulierender Tumor-DNA („circulating tumor DNA“, ctDNA), zirkulierenden Tumorzellen („circulating tumor cells“, CTC), zirkulierenden Mikrovesikeln (sog. Exosomen) und nichtkodierenden RNA-Molekülen (microRNA, miRNA). Für die klinische Nutzbarkeit sind besonders die einfache und flächendeckende Verfügbarkeit, aber auch zeitnahes Vorliegen von Ergebnissen wichtig, um auf dem Boden molekularer Analytik von „liquid biopsies“ klinische Entscheidungen treffen zu können. Hierfür bieten sich sog. Targeted-sequencing-Ansätze für die Analytik an, bei denen die Sequenzierung einzelner, ausgewählter Gene im Fokus steht, u. a. durch Nutzung hochsensitiver digitale PCR-Technologien. Durch „liquid biopsies“ können eine Reihe relevanter Fragestellungen adressiert werden. Neben der nichtinvasiven Diagnostik, beispielsweise bei technisch für eine Punktion schwierig zugänglichen Tumoren, sind die Überwachung unter Therapie und das Erkennen einer minimalen Resterkrankung, beispielsweise nach kurativer Therapie eines Pankreas- oder kolorektalen Karzinoms, mögliche Einsatzgebiete. Der aktuelle Stand der Wissenschaft zu „liquid biopsies“ im Feld der gastrointestinalen Onkologie mit besonderem Fokus auf das Pankreas- und kolorektale Karzinom wird in dieser Übersichtsarbeit adressiert. Handelt es sich bei „liquid biopsies“ um einen vorübergehenden Hype, oder könnte deren Einsatz bald klinischer Routine werden?
The Effectiveness of Dietary-Induced Ketogenesis on Cognition in Older Adults: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: El-Zein Raysa , Murphy J. L. , Shanker S. , Thomas P. W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is growing interest in the effect of dietary interventions in people living with memory impairment and delaying cognitive decline. Investigation of alterations in glucose metabolism and dietary-induced ketogenesis in older adults is a recent growing area of research. Ketone bodies are an important alternative energy source in the brain and may be beneficial to people developing or who already have memory impairment or those with Alzheimer’s disease. This scoping review aims to evaluate the available evidence on dietary-induced ketogenesis and its effect on cognition in older adults and the factors affecting feasibility of the dietary interventions to inform the design of future studies. The scoping review methodology explored the current knowledge about dietary interventions related to dietary-induced ketogenesis and cognition in older adults and identify gaps in the literature. Eleven dietary intervention studies included in the review demonstrated that both medium-chain triglyceride supplementation and ketogenic diets induce ketosis. Nine of these studies demonstrated that dietary-induced ketogenesis could lead to an improvement in cognitive functions, but the evidence remains inconclusive. Most of the included studies showed evidence to suggest that dietary-induced ketogenesis improves cognitive functions in older adults. However, the number of published papers is small and there were differences in the design and types of the dietary interventions (medium-chain triglyceride supplementation, ketogenic diet) along with high drop-out rates in some studies which limits the generalization of the findings. Although methodologies used in the studies vary, the findings warrant the need for further research with larger sample sizes in people at different stages of cognitive impairment, and to develop strategies to improve adherence to the intervention.
“Middle age spinster”. Libraries as amplifiers of discrimination
Authors: Petrocelli Carla 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe history of the profession of librarian is inextricably intertwined with the history of the library, especially that of the last decades. The first image that comes to mind when one thinks of a library is that of a closed environment, reserved for academics and scholars, where silent employees compile paper catalogs following intricate rules. In the USA, the nature of these places has changed rapidly since the middle of the last century, when technology has forcefully become part of these realities. These structural changes have initiated a sort of revolution that has not only changed the way of understanding the library itself, but has generated a process of diversification of the work of men and women. In this study, we intend to examine the impact of technology on library workers by paying particular attention to those gender stratifications that have seen men favored for the higher positions and women biologically more suited to so-called technical services (such as cataloging) and public services (such as children’s storytelling).
Dampened psychobiological responses to stress and substance use in adolescence
Authors: Rahal Danny , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. , Fuligni Andrew , Kogut Katherine , Gonzales Nancy , Johnson Megan , Eskenazi Brenda , Deardorff Julianna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSubstance use increases throughout adolescence, and earlier substance use may increase risk for poorer health. However, limited research has examined whether stress responses relate to adolescent substance use, especially among adolescents from ethnic minority and high-adversity backgrounds. The present study assessed whether blunted emotional and cortisol responses to stress at age 14 related to substance use by ages 14 and 16, and whether associations varied by poverty status and sex. A sample of 277 Mexican-origin youth (53.19% female; 68.35% below the poverty line) completed a social-evaluative stress task, which was culturally adapted for this population, and provided saliva samples and rated their anger, sadness, and happiness throughout the task. They also reported whether they had ever used alcohol, marijuana, cigarettes, and vaping of nicotine at age 14 and again at age 16. Multilevel models suggested that blunted cortisol reactivity to stress was associated with alcohol use by age 14 and vaping nicotine by age 16 among youth above the poverty line. Also, blunted sadness and happiness reactivity to stress was associated with use of marijuana and alcohol among female adolescents. Blunted stress responses may be a risk factor for substance use among youth above the poverty line and female adolescents.
Hofmann-Mislove type definitions of non-Hausdorff spaces
Authors: Shen Chong , Xi Xiaoyong , Xu Xiaoquan , Zhao Dongsheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne of the most important results in domain theory is the Hofmann-Mislove Theorem, which reveals a very distinct characterization for the sober spaces via open filters. In this paper, we extend this result to the d-spaces and well-filtered spaces. We do this by introducing the notions of Hofmann-Mislove-system (HM-system for short) and
$\Psi$
-well-filtered space, which provide a new unified approach to sober spaces, well-filtered spaces, and d-spaces. In addition, a characterization for
$\Psi$
-well-filtered spaces is provided via
$\Psi$
-sets. We also discuss the relationship between
$\Psi$
-well-filtered spaces and H-sober spaces considered by Xu. We show that the category of complete
$\Psi$
-well-filtered spaces is a full reflective subcategory of the category of
$T_0$
spaces with continuous mappings. For each HM-system
$\Psi$
that has a designated property, we show that a
$T_0$
space X is
$\Psi$
-well-filtered if and only if its Smyth power space
$P_s(X)$
is
$\Psi$
-well-filtered.
Reared-Apart and Reunited: Extraordinary Dynamics/Twin Research Reviews: Twin Bereavement and Lifespan Associations; Identifying Novel Mutations in Twins; Parenting Premature Multiples; Conjoined Twins in Cross-Cultural Context/In the News: Madeline Albright, Mother of Twins, Passes Away; Identical Twin Songwriters Compose New Musical; Visually Impaired Twin Skiers; Identical Twin Brothers Undergo Heart Transplants; Naming the Genain Quadruplets
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe focus of this article is on insights gained from the extraordinary dynamics that took place between a pair of reunited monozygotic female twins from Greece. Topics include visualizing the co-twin prior to meeting, the unique love and attraction between the twins, a mother’s response to discovering her child’s cotwin and the challenges posed by insufficient kinship categories. The following section of this article surveys four recent twin research reports. They include Bereavement and Lifespan Associations; Novel Mutations in Twins; Parenting Premature Multiples; and Conjoined Twins. The final part of this article presents interesting and informative news about twins from popular sources. The topics covered are the passing of Madeline Albright (Secretary of State and mother of twins); identical twin songwriters; visually impaired twin and sibling skiiers; identical twin brothers who both received heart transplants; and the naming of the Genain quadruplets.
Identification and Regionalization of Streamflow Routing Parameters Using Machine Learning for the HLM Hydrological Model in Iowa
Authors: Velásquez Nicolás , Mantilla Ricardo , Krajewski Witold , Quintero Felipe , Zanchetta André D. L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a novel approach to determine spatially distributed routing parameters for the distributed hydrological Hillslope Link Model (HLM), an ordinary differential equations‐based streamflow forecasting model implemented and tested in Iowa. We being by developing a technique to determine two model parameters that control the channel routing equation in gauged catchments draining less than 1,300 km2. Then, we implement a parameter regionalization methodology using machine learning classification techniques and a bootstrap procedure, in which we trained 400 Random Forests (RFs) using physical and geomorphological features for classification. We made a regional interpolation using an ensemble of selected RF realizations that exhibited the best performance. We used as benchmark of our results a more straightforward interpolation technique based on USGS Hydrological Units Codes. We performed simulations of the HLM over the entire state of Iowa between 2012 and 2018 using the two regionalization methods, comparing them to the operational model used by the Iowa Flood Center, which applies a single set of parameter values to the entire domain. After evaluating the results at 148 USGS stations, the Random‐Forest approach captures the value of observed peak flows more precisely without losing performance in terms of the Kling Gupta Efficiency index. The improvements obtained using our proposed strategy that uses data, hydrological modeling, and a machine learning technique to identify and regionalize routing parameters are modest, indicating that the parameters that control the rainfall‐runoff transformation dominate uncertainty in our flood forecast model.
Potential Impacts of Aerosol on Diurnal Variation of Precipitation in Autumn Over the Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Liu Jiajun , Zhao Chuanfeng , Lin Yanluan , Zhang Qiang , Liu Huan , Xiao Qingyang , Peng Yiran 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the autumn precipitation in Sichuan Basin (SB), China in combination with reanalysis data sets of aerosol and meteorological fields from 2008 to 2018. To identify the aerosol impacts on precipitation, we carefully selected and divided the data into multiple groups according to vorticity, precipitation amount category, aerosol pollution level, and the geopotential height (GH) in the upper troposphere. Our data show that the precipitation in SB are generally reduced and weakened in afternoon to evening, but enhanced and intensified after midnight under the aerosol polluted condition. By analyzing data contrasts between different groups, we find that aerosol pollution in SB reduces shortwave heating near surface, which enhances the tropospheric stability and inhibits the vertical motion and rainfall in the afternoon to early evening. As the stability reduces within the basin, the vertical motions are invigorated to enhance and intensify the rain after midnight. Therefore, we conclude that the aerosol pollution in SB and the rapid adjustment of aerosol‐radiation interaction amplify the diurnal features of precipitation in autumn.
Mice with Trp53 and Rb1 deficiency in chondrocytes spontaneously develop chondrosarcoma via overactivation of YAP signaling
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Shuting , Liu Yang , Yang Shuying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChondrosarcoma (CHS) is a rare type of soft sarcoma with increased production of cartilage matrix arising from soft bone tissues. Currently, surgical resection is the primary clinical treatment for chondrosarcoma due to the poor response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory due to the higher local recurrence rate. Thus, management and elucidation of the pathological mechanism of chondrosarcoma remain an ongoing challenge, and the development of effective chondrosarcoma mouse models and treatment options are urgently needed. Here, we generated a new transgenic chondrosarcoma model by double conditional deletions of Trp53 and Rb1 in chondrocyte lineage which spontaneously caused spinal chondrosarcoma and lung metastasis. Bioinformatic analysis of the human soft sarcoma database showed that Trp53 and Rb1 genes had higher mutations, reaching up to approximately 33.5% and 8.7%, respectively. Additionally, Trp53 and Rb1 signatures were decreased in the human and mouse chondrosarcoma tissues. Mechanistically, we found that YAP expression and activity were significantly increased in mouse Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/fchondrosarcoma tissues compared to the adjacent normal cartilage. Knockdown of YAP in primary chondrosarcoma cells significantly inhibited chondrosarcoma proliferation, invasion, and tumorsphere formation. Chondrocyte lineage ablation of YAP delayed chondrosarcoma progression and lung metastasis in Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/fmice. Moreover, we found that metformin served as a YAP inhibitor, which bound to the activity area of YAP protein, and inhibited chondrosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and progression in vitro and significantly suppressed chondrosarcoma formation in vivo. Collectively, this study identifies the inhibition of YAP may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chondrosarcoma.
The sodium/myo-inositol co-transporter SLC5A3 promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell growth
Authors: Cui Zihan , Mu Chuanyong , Wu Zhichao , Pan Shu , Cheng Zewen , Zhang Zhi-qing , Zhao Jun , Xu Chun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdentification of novel molecular signaling targets for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is important. The present study examined expression, functions and possible underlying mechanisms of the sodium/myo-inositol co-transporter SLC5A3 in NSCLC. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and local NSCLC tissue results demonstrated that SLC5A3 expression in NSCLC tissues (including patient-derived primary NSCLC cells) was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues and lung epithelial cells. In primary NSCLC cells and immortalized lines, SLC5A3 depletion, using small hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CRSIRP/Cas9 methods, robustly impeded cell proliferation and migration, simultaneously provoking cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of SLC5A3 further enhanced proliferation and migration in primary NSCLC cells. The intracellular myo-inositol contents and Akt-mTOR activation were largely inhibited by SLC5A3 silencing or knockout (KO), but were augmented following SLC5A3 overexpression in primary NSCLC cells. Significantly, SLC5A3 KO-induced anti-NSCLC cell activity was largely ameliorated by exogenously adding myo-inositol or by a constitutively-active Akt construct. By employing the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, we found that the growth of subcutaneous NSCLC xenografts in nude mice was largely inhibited by intratumoral injection SLC5A3 shRNA adeno-associated virus (AAV). SLC5A3 silencing, myo-inositol depletion, Akt-mTOR inactivation and apoptosis induction were detected in SLC5A3 shRNA virus-injected NSCLC xenograft tissues. Together, elevated SLC5A3 promotes NSCLC cell growth possibly by maintaining myo-inositol contents and promoting Akt-mTOR activation.
Recovery of neural dynamics criticality in personalized whole-brain models of stroke
Authors: Rocha Rodrigo P. , Koçillari Loren , Suweis Samir , De Filippo De Grazia Michele , de Schotten Michel Thiebaut , Zorzi Marco , Corbetta Maurizio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe critical brain hypothesis states that biological neuronal networks, because of their structural and functional architecture, work near phase transitions for optimal response to internal and external inputs. Criticality thus provides optimal function and behavioral capabilities. We test this hypothesis by examining the influence of brain injury (strokes) on the criticality of neural dynamics estimated at the level of single participants using directly measured individual structural connectomes and whole-brain models. Lesions engender a sub-critical state that recovers over time in parallel with behavior. The improvement of criticality is associated with the re-modeling of specific white-matter connections. We show that personalized whole-brain dynamical models poised at criticality track neural dynamics, alteration post-stroke, and behavior at the level of single participants.