bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entre norme administrative et logique de clientèle
Authors: Corbel Amélie 
Published: May 2022

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse aux logiques d’action des conseillers-experts en procédure administrative (CEPA), une profession juridique japonaise dont l’une des compétences consiste à accompagner les démarches de demande de titres de séjour. Il interroge leur rôle en tant qu’intermédiaire privé de la mise en œuvre de l’action publique. Ce travail présente l’originalité de porter sur des acteurs privés marchands qui se distinguent de leurs homologues associatifs – largement étudiés par les travaux existants – par leur absence de militantisme et le caractère lucratif de leur activité. Il conviendra d’analyser de quelle manière ces différences affectent (ou non) les modalités d’intermédiation. Cette recherche s’appuie sur une observation-participante réalisée au sein de deux bureaux de CEPA et des entretiens. Elle montre que la configuration des relations entretenues avec la clientèle et l’administration migratoire place les CEPA en situation de devoir répondre à une double contrainte : « servir le client sans desservir l’administration ». La conciliation entre contrainte d’efficacité et maintien de sa réputation auprès de l’interlocuteur administratif s’opère principalement en convaincant les clients de répondre au plus près des attentes de l’administration. C’est dans cette logique d’action que s’ancre le rôle des CEPA comme relais des normes juridico-administratives. L’article étudie les modalités concrètes d’intériorisation, d’interprétation et de transmission de ces normes, en prenant pour cas d’étude les procédures de regroupement familial.
Des pratiques médiatiques socialisées et socialisantes
Authors: Pagiusco Maialen 
Published: May 2022

La visibilité croissante des homosexualités dans les médias est tantôt perçue comme le signe d’une plus grande acceptation sociale tantôt comme l’un des facteurs de la diffusion d’attitudes « gayfriendly » . En déplaçant le regard à l’échelle des expériences individuelles, cet article interroge les rôles des médias dans les biographies homosexuelles et, plus particulièrement, l’ancrage biographique et social de leurs effets socialisateurs. Plutôt que de chercher à éclairer directement les « effets » des contenus médiatiques, on s’appuie sur l’analyse des publics, aux appartenances hétérogènes en termes de classe et de genre, et de leurs « pratiques médiatiques », à la fois socialisées et socialisantes.
Du texte au nombre
Authors: Koch Olivier 
Published: May 2022

Extraites de publications dans les médias, les « données d’événement » sont utilisées dans les études académiques et dans la prédiction stratégique de conflits. Elles permettent de produire des connaissances sur le comportement des acteurs des relations internationales et elles fournissent aux gouvernants une aide à la prise de décision. Depuis leur création dans les années 1960, les artisans de ces savoirs ont sans cesse renouvelé les promesses d’optimiser la prise de décision politique en contexte de crise, en échange du financement de leurs recherches. Cependant, en exploitant ce qui est édité par les industries de l’information, ces études sur la guerre reprennent sans examen critique les représentations sélectives façonnées par les journalistes. Cet article montre que les promesses d’optimisation de la décision ne peuvent être tenues, et il met en évidence dans quelle mesure les savoirs utilisant des données d’événement concourent à la reproduction de rapports de domination, initialement dans le domaine de l’information internationale, dans le domaine académique de l’analyse et de la prédiction de crises.
Agrocarburants : impacts au Sud ?
Authors: Shattuck Annie , Urbain Magali 
Published: May 2022

La « Table ronde sur les biocarburants durables » (RSB) est la seule initiative globale visant à mettre en place un système de certification des agrocarburants garantissant leur durabilité sociale et environnementale. La démarche s’inspire de systèmes adoptés dans d’autres secteurs : bois, soja, huile de palme. Au mieux ambiguës, ces expériences contribuent à « verdir » l’image des industries concernées, davantage qu’à réformer leurs pratiques.
Mobilités alimentaires
Authors: Williot Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2022

Au même titre que les auberges routières de célèbres nationales, les somptueuses salles à manger des paquebots transatlantiques, les services à bord du transport aérien, la restauration ferroviaire a pris place dans les alimentations mobiles. Des années 1830 aux années 2020, ses formes ont varié. En France, elle se résume aujourd’hui au bar des TGV, aux boutiques de vente à emporter près des quais et aux restaurants mélangés des quartiers de gare. Mais elle cache une histoire longue.

Les buffets de gare sont apparus aux débuts du chemin de fer. Parfois tables de haute cuisine jusque dans les années 1950, ils ont ensuite été relégués à des rôles secondaires. L’idée de raccorder une voiture-restaurant aux convois des voyageurs aisés a connu un succès réel à la fin du xixe siècle. L’image rémanente des grands express finit par rejeter dans l’ombre le wagon-bar de banlieue et le panier garni avalé dans l’inconfort par la majorité des mangeurs. C’est pour eux que le plateau-repas, le chariot ambulant et le Gril-Express ont été conçus.

L’histoire de la restauration ferroviaire croise ainsi l’étude de l’alimentation et la dynamique des mobilités, le cadre des entreprises et les pratiques de consommation.
Comparison of affective responses during school physical education classes with different recovery times
Authors: Amanda de Araújo Barbosa Maria , Moura Hélcio Maciel de , Santos Lucas Eduardo Rodrigues , Fernandes Matheus Santos de Sousa , Henrique Rafael dos Santos , Damasceno Vinicius de Oliveira , Santos Tony Meireles 
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to verify the effect of exercise recovery time on the affective responses during a circuit training in physical education classes. Forty-six apparently healthy young adolescents (twenty-one girls) (12.85 ± 0.94 years; 49.7 ± 8.93 kg; 1.59 ± 0.08 cm; 19.51 ± 3.28 kg/m2) participated in this study. Were submitted participants for two physical education classes, based on circuited model of the same intensity, but with different recovery times (2 min and 1 min). The study was carried out in two phases: baseline and intervention. Affect, Arousal, and Ratings of Perceived Exertion data were analyzed using paired t-tests, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. The class with longer rest time (2 min) provided greater affection (t(45) = 3.586; p < 0,001) and less perceived effort (t(45) = 2.295; p = 0,026). The intensity manipulation strategy was effective in providing different affective responses, in which classes perceived as more intense, resulting in the decline of affect.
Evaluation of Post-surgical Site Infection Wounds in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India
Authors: Hedaoo Jagdish B. , Paramne Amit V. , Raj Nirjhar , Rathod Vinod N. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the commonest hospital-acquired infections globally.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 2083 cases were included in the study; surgical sites were graded in accordance to the set of clinical criteria recommended by the CDC's NNIS system. We graded the wounds on the basis of culture positive with respect to age and sex, pre-operative hospitalization, duration of surgery, duration of drain, hemoglobin levels, random blood sugar, and smoking.

Results:
The total males and females included were 1561 and 522, respectively. The age group of 40–50 years was the highest operated group, whereas the 12–21 age group was with least surgeries. The numbers of SSI were higher in subjects with longer pre-operative hospital stay. The occurrence of SSIs was higher in surgeries with longer duration. Patients with drain of longer duration had higher number of SSIs when compared with subjects with no drain in wounds. The hemoglobin pattern suggested that anemic subjects were more susceptible to SSIs when compared with non-anemic subjects. Diabetic patients were more prone to SSI when compared with non-diabetic subjects. Smokers were more prone to SSIs when compared with non-smokers.

Conclusion:
The study established a relationship between SSI and various factors, which would help clinicians in handling cases of post-operative SSIs.
Catching Them Young
Authors: Mittal Anusha , Pokale Aarati B. 
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives:
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in females and a leading cause of cancer death in developing countries. The objectives are (1) to assess knowledge regarding cervical cancer and its risk factors among female adolescents and (2) to analyze human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine status and reasons for vaccine hesitancy.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional interventional study in a women's engineering college in Pune city, Maharashtra, India. About 230 students were administered pre-test. Educational intervention using videos on cervical cancer was done. Post-test was administered to check the change in knowledge.

Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS software is used to calculate percentages and to apply the χ2 test.

Results:
Most participants had poor knowledge about cervical cancer. About 52% and 57% of the students did not know the cause and mode of spread of HPV. Only 15% were aware about vaccine. Unawareness was a major barrier to HPV vaccination.

Conclusion:
A need to empower females by educating them about cervical cancer was realized. The risk factors for this malignancy are preventable, and educational intervention can go a long way in raising awareness.
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Yashaswini Mysore K. , Archana Banur R. , Benachinmardi Kirtilaxmi , Anjanappa Lakshminarayana S. , Sampath Sangeetha 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at higher risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of current pandemic COVID-19. Being frontline workers and most essential resource of healthcare systems, it is important to identify infection in them early. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the risk of HCWs in acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center for a duration of 6 months. All the HCWs, involved in Covid-19 patient care, were enrolled in the study. A total number of 792 HCWs were screened for COVID-19 by using real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (rRT–PCR). Data on age, sex, and occupational categories were also analyzed.

Results:
There were a total of 792 HCWs involved in Covid-19 patient care. Doctors were 350 (44%), nursing staff 230 (29%), cleaning staff 130 (17%), and supporting staff 82 (10%). Female staff (66%) outnumbered male staff (34%). Among 792 HCWs, 35 (4.42%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT–PCR. The highest positivity rate was seen in supporting staff (18.30%), followed by cleaning staff (3.84%), doctors (3.14%), and lowest in nurses (1.74%). Out of the 35 positive cases, clinical symptoms were seen in only 18 patients. Majority of the patients (53%) were asymptomatic.

Conclusion:
Although HCWs are at a higher risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection as an occupational hazard, the chances of acquiring infection in the community cannot be ruled out. All the HCWs in the hospital setting should be screened periodically, even if they are asymptomatic.
Relationship of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Mehta Manjula , Sharma Jyoti , Bhardwaj Sonia Bhonchal , Ghai Akshay , Chawla Arshi 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Escherichia coli is the most frequent etiological agent isolated from urinary tract infections. Ability of these bacteria to form biofilm is one of its important virulence factors. Moreover in the past decades, there has been a growing increase in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance against commonly prescribed antibiotics. Bacteria in biofilm are considered to be highly resistant to antimicrobial agents.

Materials and Methods:
All the urine isolates were cultured to isolate the etiological agent of the infection and were tested for their susceptibility against various antibiotics recommended for their treatment. Of these isolates, only E. coli were subjected for biofilm formation detection. The resistance pattern obtained after antibiotic susceptibility testing was correlated with the results obtained from biofilm detection. All the results were statistically analyzed.

Results:
Of all the isolated obtained after culturing urine samples, 90% of them turned out to be E. coli only. When these isolates were subjected to biofilm detection, 35% of them showed positive results. Further, their resistance pattern revealed that bacteria-forming biofilms were more resistant toward penicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones where very little resistance was reported for aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and nitrofurantoins.

Conclusion:
As this study concludes a positive association between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance, it is strongly suggested that detection of biofilm and awareness about the susceptibility pattern of the bacteria toward locally prescribed antibiotics can be helpful in improving the efficacy of the empirical treatment of types of infections.
Population-based assessment of barriers for uptake of eye care services among elderly people: Findings from rapid assessment of visual impairment studies from Telangana, India
Authors: Marmamula Srinivas , Yelagondula Vijay K , Kumbham Thirupathi R , Modepalli Satyabrahmanandam , Yellapragada Ratnakar , Avula Sanjana , Keeffe Jill 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To report the barriers for seeking eye care among the elderly population aged ≥60 years with avoidable vision impairment (VI) in the South Indian state of Telangana.

Methods:
A total of 3640 participants aged ≥60 years were recruited using cluster-random sampling. Demographic information, including presenting visual acuity, was measured using the standard Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment (RAVI) protocol. “Avoidable VI” was considered if the VI was due to cataract or uncorrected refractive error (URE). A detailed interview was conducted using a validated questionnaire to report the barriers for not seeking eye care. Data were analyzed using the Stata statistical software version 14.

Results:
Prevalence of avoidable VI was 30.2% (95% CI: 28.02–31.06; n = 1102). Among those who noticed decreased vision (n = 1074), only 392 participants (36.4%) reported that they felt the need for seeking eye care. The major barriers for not seeking eye care were: cannot afford the consultation fee and services (42.0%) and no escort (25.7%). Overall, the personal barriers (57.9%) were the major reason for not seeking care, followed by economic barriers (42.0%). No significant difference was reported in barriers between the participants with unilateral and bilateral VI (>0.05).

Conclusion:
Overall, among the elderly people, personal and economic barriers were the major reason for not seeking eye care. Health care providers and policymakers should focus on newer models of eye care delivery to ensure better accessibility and uptake of care by the elderly people.
Evaluation of macular and choroidal thickness in healthy residents living at high altitude
Authors: Gok Mustafa , Karaman Suleyman , Erdem Burak 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
Assessment of long-term effects of high altitude on choroidal thickness.

Methods:
This prospective cross-sectional study included 88 and 79 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals who were living at sea-level (SL group) and high-altitude (HA group), respectively. Participants were required to have resided in the same place for at least 10 years. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans were conducted in two different and were performed within the same time (08:00 am to 10:00 am). Central macular thickness (CMT) and choroidal thickness were measured at five different points (i.e., at the central fovea and 1 mm and 2 mm temporal and nasal of the fovea). Blood hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (Htc) levels, blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, and body mass index (BMI) were compared between groups statistically.

Results:
The HA group had a mean age of 47.5 ± 13.3 years, whereas the SL group was 48.7 ± 13.4 years (P = 0.57). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of CMT. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCFT) was 282.73 ± 87.82 mm in the HA group and 310.49 ± 74.73 in the SL group (P = 0.02). The choroid was found to be thinner at all the measured locations in the HA group except the 2 mm nasal point of the fovea. However, only the difference at an SFCT was statistically significant. Furthermore compared with the SL group statistically significant higher Hb, RBC, Htc levels were determined in the HA group. In the multiple linear regression model analysis, age was found an only effective confounder factor for SCFT (P = 0.001, 95% CI 4.132–2.476).

Conclusion:
The systemic adaptive changes due to chronic high altitude exposure may cause structural changes in the choroidal vascular network. The current study results revealed significant thinning only at SFCT. Large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to obtain more definitive data on this subject.
Prevalence and risk factors for cataracts in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: The Vientiane Eye Study
Authors: Guo Brad , Tan Yiran , Nygaard Stephen , Carrillo Cesar , Nouansavanh Kham Od , Souksamone Kitar , J Casson Robert 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To determine the prevalence and risk factors for cataracts in the Vientiane Province.

Methods:
We conducted a population-based study of 1264 participants aged ≥40 years of age from urban and rural areas of Vientiane Province. Data collection included demographic information, smoking history, body mass index, blood pressure, history of trauma and dilated lens examination using the World Health Organization WHO Simplified Cataract Grading System. Aphakic and pseudophakic eyes were included as operated cataracts for statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean age of the 1264 participants was 57.6 years. The prevalence of any cataract including operated eyes was 46.8% (95% CI: 44.1 – 49.6%): 36.9% nuclear, 21.7% cortical and 10.1% posterior subcapsular cataracts.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of cataract in the Vientiane Eye Study is similar compared to the prevalence reported in other studies from Asian regions; however, the median age in this study was low, reflecting the age group of the population and the rapid urbanisation occurring in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. A significant association for any cataract was found with elevated blood pressure >148mmHg (OR2.48, 95%CI:1.55 - 3.97, P < 0.01), increasing age (OR1.19, 95%CI:1.17 - 1.22, P < 0.001) and rural inhabitants for cortical cataract (OR1.99, 95%CI:1.37 - 2.90, P < 0.001). An inverse relationship between rural inhabitants with any cataract and nuclear cataract was found (OR 0.63, 95%CI: 0.45 – 0.89, P < 0.01 and OR 0.42, 95%CI: 0.31 - 0.59, P < 0.001) respectively.Nevertheless, cataract remains a high prevalence disease in this population.
Triamcinolone acetonide injection in the treatment of upper eyelid retraction in Graves’ ophthalmopathy evaluated by 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Duan Miao , Xu Dong-Dong , Zhou Hai-Long , Fang Hong-Ying , Meng Wei , Wang Yi-Ning , Jin Zheng-Yu , Chen Yu , Zhang Zhu-Hua 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate changes in the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle on 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after triamcinolone acetonide injection for treating upper lid retraction (ULR) with Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) and to explore the value of LPS muscle quantitative measurement for clinical treatment.

Methods:
Patients with GO showing ULR were studied retrospectively and they underwent 3.0 T MRI scans before and after subconjunctival injection o f triamcinolone acetonide. The largest thickness (T) and highest signal intensity (SI) of LPS muscle on the affected eyes were measured in the sequences of coronal T2-weighted, fat-suppressed fast spin echo imaging (T2WI-fs) and T1-weighted, fat-suppressed, contrast-enhanced fast spin echo imaging (T1WI-fs + C), respectively. The SI ratio (SIR) (LPS muscle SI/ipsilateral temporalis SI) was calculated individually. Depending on the therapeutic effect, patients were divided into effective group and non-effective group. Independent t-test was used to compare SIR and T of LPS muscle in different treatment groups before treatment, and paired sample t-test was used to compare SIR and T of LPS muscle before and after treatment. Then cut-off level for predicting therapeutic effect and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve were analyzed.

Results:
Sixty-two patients (77 eyes) were enrolled. After treatment, the T of LPS muscle showed significant decrease in all sequences in both effective and non-effective treatment groups. However, changes in SIR of LPS muscle in the two groups were different; SIR of LPS muscle on T2WI-fs and T1WI-fs + C decreased after treatment in the effective group (P
T2 < 0.001, P
T1 + C < 0.001) and SIR of LPS muscle showed no statistically difference in all sequences (all P > 0.05) in the non-effective group. There was a correlation between SIR of LPS muscle before treatment and after treatment with triamcinolone acetonide injection, which was that SIR of LPS muscle in the effective treatment group was lower than that in the non-effective treatment group on T1WI-fs + C (P < 0.001). SIR of LPS muscle on T1WI-fs + C showed 87.5% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity to predict therapeutic effect (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.840).

Conclusion:
In GO patients with ULR, 3.0 T MRI can be used to evaluate the response of triamcinolone acetonide injection. SIR of LPS may be a predictor of its efficacy.
Noninvasive ocular surface analyzer as an adjunct in diagnosis and estimating prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction: Hospital-based comparative study
Authors: Yadav Saumya , Gupta Noopur , Makwana Tarjani , Vanathi Murugesan , Tandon Radhika 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To assess the role of noninvasive ocular surface analyzer (OSA) in workup of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and to estimate hospital-based prevalence of MGD using this objective device.

Methods:
The study recruited 113 consecutive participants attending the ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. All participants were administered a symptom questionnaire. Participants underwent a comprehensive ocular examination, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy and meibomian gland expression. Lipid layer thickness (LLT), noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), and meibomian gland loss (MGL) were assessed using OSA. The presence of either or both reduced/absent meibum secretion and cloudy to toothpaste-like secretion was diagnosed as MGD.

Results:
Prevalence of total MGD was 57.52% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 48.3%–66.8%) and that of symptomatic MGD was 42.5% (95% CI: 33.2%–51.7%). Prevalence of total and symptomatic MGD was highest in those aged ≥50 years (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). Computer vision syndrome increased the odds of symptomatic MGD (odds ratio [OR]: 4.3). NIBUT and MGL significantly differed in MGD and non-MGD groups (P = 0.023 and P < 0.001, respectively). LLT significantly differed between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases (P = 0.033). MGL >25% increased the odds of having MGD (OR: 19.1). Significant negative correlations were observed between MGL and NIBUT (P = 0.04) and between MGL and LLT (P = 0.02). MGL demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy for MGD (AUC = 0.827, sensitivity = 75.4%, specificity = 85.4%, cut-off value: ≥26%).

Conclusion:
MGD is a common disorder in adults attending the ophthalmology outpatient services of a tertiary eye care hospital. Incorporating noninvasive OSA in clinical practice can aid in rapid and reliable measurements of MGD-related parameters.