bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixation-related saccadic inhibition in free viewing in response to stimulus saliency
Authors: Kadosh Oren , Bonneh Yoram S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicrosaccades that occur during fixation were studied extensively in response to transient stimuli, showing a typical inhibition (Oculomotor Inhibition, OMI), and a later release with a latency that depends on stimulus saliency, attention, and expectations. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that in free viewing every saccade provides a new transient stimulation that should result in a stimulus-dependent OMI like a flashed presentation during fixation. Participants (N = 16) freely inspected static displays of randomly oriented Gabor texture images, with varied contrast and spatial frequency (SF) for periods of 10 s each. Eye tracking recordings were divided into epochs triggered by saccade landing (> 1 dva), and microsaccade latency relative to fixation onset was computed (msRT). We found that the msRT in free viewing was shorter for more salient stimuli (higher contrast or lower SF), as previously found for flashed stimuli. It increased with saccade size and decreased across successive saccades, but only for higher contrast, suggesting contrast-dependent repetition enhancement in free viewing. Our results indicate that visual stimulus-dependent inhibition of microsaccades also applies to free viewing. These findings are in agreement with the similarity found between event-related and fixation-related potentials and open the way for studies combining both approaches to study natural vision.
Capsaicin directly promotes adipocyte browning in the chemical compound-induced brown adipocytes converted from human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Takeda Yukimasa , Dai Ping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman brown fat is a potential therapeutic target for preventing obesity and related metabolic diseases by dissipating energy as heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). We have previously reported a method to obtain chemical compound-induced brown adipocytes (ciBAs) converted from human dermal fibroblasts under serum-free conditions. However, pharmacological responses to bioactive molecules have been poorly characterised in ciBAs. This study showed that the treatment with Capsaicin, an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, directly activated adipocyte browning such as UCP1 expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy consumption rates, and glycerol recycling in ciBAs. Furthermore, genome-wide transcriptome analysis indicated that Capsaicin activated a broad range of metabolic genes including glycerol kinase and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1, which could be associated with the activation of glycerol recycling and triglyceride synthesis. Capsaicin also activated UCP1 expression in immortalised human brown adipocytes but inhibited its expression in mesenchymal stem cell-derived adipocytes. Altogether, ciBAs successfully reflected the direct effects of Capsaicin on adipocyte browning. These findings suggested that ciBAs could serve as a promising cell model for screening of small molecules and dietary bioactive compounds targeting human brown adipocytes.
Physical/mechanical and antibacterial properties of orthodontic adhesives containing Sr-bioactive glass nanoparticles, calcium phosphate, and andrographolide
Authors: Chaichana Wirinrat , Insee Kanlaya , Chanachai Supachai , Benjakul Sutiwa , Aupaphong Visakha , Naruphontjirakul Parichart , Panpisut Piyaphong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhite spot lesions around orthodontic brackets are the major complication during fixed orthodontic treatment. This study prepared orthodontic adhesives for promoting mineral precipitation and reducing bacterial growth. Adhesives with added calcium phosphate monohydrate/Sr-bioactive glass nanoparticles (Sr/CaP) and andrographolide were prepared. The physical/mechanical and antibacterial properties of the adhesives were tested. The additives reduced the monomer conversion of the materials (62 to 47%). The addition of Sr/CaP and andrographolide increased the water sorption (from 23 to 46 μg/mm3) and water solubility (from 0.2 to 5.9 μg/mm3) but reduced the biaxial flexural strength (from 193 to 119 MPa) of the adhesives. The enamel bond strengths of the experimental adhesives (19–34 MPa) were comparable to that of the commercial material (p > 0.05). The Sr/CaP fillers promoted Ca, Sr, and P ion release and the precipitation of calcium phosphate at the debonded interface. An increase in the Sr/CaP concentration enhanced the inhibition ofS. mutansby 18%, while the effect of andrographolide was not detected. The abilities of the adhesives to promote ion release, calcium phosphate precipitation, and the growth inhibition of cariogenic bacteria were expected to reduce the occurrence of white spot lesions. The additives reduced the physical/mechanical properties of the materials, but the corresponding values were within the acceptable range.
Leveraging explainable machine learning to identify gait biomechanical parameters associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Kokkotis Christos , Moustakidis Serafeim , Tsatalas Themistoklis , Ntakolia Charis , Chalatsis Georgios , Konstadakos Stylianos , Hantes Michael E. , Giakas Giannis , Tsaopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient and reconstructed knees display altered biomechanics during gait. Identifying significant gait changes is important for understanding normal and ACL function and is typically performed by statistical approaches. This paper focuses on the development of an explainable machine learning (ML) empowered methodology to: (i) identify important gait kinematic, kinetic parameters and quantify their contribution in the diagnosis of ACL injury and (ii) investigate the differences in sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of the gait cycle between ACL deficient, ACL reconstructed and healthy individuals. For this aim, an extensive experimental setup was designed in which three-dimensional ground reaction forces and sagittal plane kinematic as well as kinetic parameters were collected from 151 subjects. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology was evaluated using a comparative analysis with eight well-known classifiers. Support Vector Machines were proved to be the best performing model (accuracy of 94.95%) on a group of 21 selected biomechanical parameters. Neural Networks accomplished the second best performance (92.89%). A state-of-the-art explainability analysis based on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and conventional statistical analysis were then employed to quantify the contribution of the input biomechanical parameters in the diagnosis of ACL injury. Features, that would have been neglected by the traditional statistical analysis, were identified as contributing parameters having significant impact on the ML model’s output for ACL injury during gait.
Journey of a molecule from the solid to the gas phase and vice versa: direct estimation of vapor pressure of alkaline-earth metalorganic precursors for atmospheric pressure vapor phase deposition of fluoride films
Authors: Lo Presti Francesca , Pellegrino Anna L. , Malandrino Graziella 
Published: April 2022

An easy approach is presented to determine vapor pressures of complexes and thus to evaluate “a priori” their suitability as precursors for AP-MOCVD or spatial ALD. Fluorinated Mg and Ca compounds have been applied to the AP-MOCVD of MF2 films.
Effect of Anchor Term on Auditory-Perceptual Ratings of Feminine and Masculine Speakers
Authors: Houle Nichole , Goudelias Deanna , Lerario Mackenzie P. , Levi Susannah V. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Studies investigating auditory perception of gender expression vary greatly in the specific terms applied to gender expression in rating scales.

Purpose:
This study examined the effects of different anchor terms on listeners' auditory perceptions of gender expression in phonated and whispered speech. Additionally, token and speaker cues were examined to identify predictors of the auditory-perceptual ratings.

Method:

Inexperienced listeners (
n
= 105) completed an online rating study in which they were asked to use one of five visual analog scales (VASs) to rate cis men, cis women, and transfeminine speakers in both phonated and whispered speech. The VASs varied by anchor term (
very female/very male
,
feminine/masculine
,
feminine female/masculine male
,
very feminine/not at all feminine
, and
not at all masculine/very masculine
).

Results:

Linear mixed-effects models revealed significant two-way interactions of gender expression by anchor term and gender expression by condition. In general, the
feminine female/masculine male
scale resulted in the most extreme ratings (closest to the end points), and the
feminine/masculine
scale resulted in the most central ratings. As expected, for all speakers, whispered speech was rated more centrally than phonated speech. Additionally, ratings of phonated speech were predicted by mean fundamental frequency (
f
o
) within each speaker group and by smoothed cepstral peak prominence in cisgender speakers. In contrast, ratings of whispered speech, which lacks an
f
o
, were predicted by indicators of vocal tract resonance (second formant and speaker height).

Conclusions:

The current results indicate that differences in the terms applied to rating scales limit generalization of results across studies. Identifying the patterns across listener ratings of gender expression provide a rationale for researchers and clinicians when making choices about terms. Additionally, beyond
f
o
and vocal tract resonance, predictors of listener ratings vary based on the anchor terms used to describe gender expression.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19617564
Two‐view attention‐guided convolutional neural network for mammographic image classification
Authors: Sun Lilei , Wen Jie , Wang Junqian , Zhao Yong , Zhang Bob , Wu Jian , Xu Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeep learning has been widely used in the field of mammographic image classification owing to its superiority in automatic feature extraction. However, general deep learning models cannot achieve very satisfactory classification results on mammographic images because these models are not specifically designed for mammographic images and do not take the specific traits of these images into account. To exploit the essential discriminant information of mammographic images, we propose a novel classification method based on a convolutional neural network. Specifically, the proposed method designs two branches to extract the discriminative features from mammographic images from the mediolateral oblique and craniocaudal (CC) mammographic views. The features extracted from the two‐view mammographic images contain complementary information that enables breast cancer to be more easily distinguished. Moreover, the attention block is introduced to capture the channel‐wise information by adjusting the weight of each feature map, which is beneficial to emphasising the important features of mammographic images. Furthermore, we add a penalty term based on the fuzzy cluster algorithm to the cross‐entropy function, which improves the generalisation ability of the classification model by maximising the interclass distance and minimising the intraclass distance of the samples. The experimental results on The Digital database for Screening Mammography INbreast and MIAS mammography databases illustrate that the proposed method achieves the best classification performance and is more robust than the compared state‐of‐the‐art classification methods.
Simulation study of a novel AlGaN/GaN L‐FER with ultralow turn‐on voltage and low reverse leakage
Authors: Shi Yijun , Wang Hongyue , Zhou Bin , Chen Yiqiang , Huang Yun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, a novel AlGaN/GaN lateral field‐effect rectifier (L‐FER) with ultralow turn‐on voltage (VT) and low reverse leakage current (IR) is proposed and verified by technology computer aided design (TCAD) Sentaurus. Through shortly contacting the short‐channel metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structure with an Ohmic‐contact structure as the anode of the proposed L‐FER, an ultralow VT can be realized. And by inserting a floating clamp (FC) electrode near the cathode‐side MOS edge, the transverse channel potential at the MOS edge could be clamped to a small value. Thus, the high IR induced by the short‐channel effect in the MOS structure could be suppressed. In contrast to the conventional short‐channel L‐FER, the proposed FC‐L‐FER exhibits about four orders of magnitude reduction in IR, without obvious degeneration in the forward current and VT. Moreover, the proposed FC‐L‐FER also delivers excellent reverse recovery characteristics.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Schöfer P. , Jeffers S. V. , Reiners A. , Zechmeister M. , Fuhrmeister B. , Lafarga M. , Ribas I. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Caballero J. A. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Bauer F. F. , Béjar V. J. S. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Alonso E. Díez , Dreizler S. , Guenther E. W. , Herbort O. , Johnson E. N. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Pedraz S. , Tal-Or L. 
Published: April 2022

Context. The Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Échelle Spectrographs (CARMENES) instrument is searching for periodic radial-velocity (RV) variations of M dwarfs, which are induced by orbiting planets. However, there are other potential sources of such variations, including rotational modulation caused by stellar activity.
Aims. We aim to investigate four M dwarfs (Ross 318, YZ CMi, TYC 3529-1437-1, and EV Lac) with different activity levels and spectral sub-types. Our goal is to compare the periodicities seen in 22 activity indicators and the stellar RVs, and to examine their stability over time.
Methods. For each star, we calculated generalised Lomb-Scargle periodograms of pseudo-equivalent widths of chromospheric lines, indices of photospheric bands, the differential line width as a measure of the width of the average photospheric absorption line, the RV, the chromatic index that describes the wavelength dependence of the RV, and parameters of the cross-correlation function. We also calculated periodograms for subsets of the data and compared our results to TESS photometry.
Results. We find the rotation periods of all four stars to manifest themselves in the RV and photospheric indicators, particularly the TiO 7050 index, whereas the chromospheric lines show clear signals only at lower activity levels. For EV Lac and TYC 3529-1437-1, we find episodes during which indicators vary with the rotation period, and episodes during which they vary with half the rotation period, similarly to photometric light curves.
Conclusions. The changing periodicities reflect the evolution of stellar activity features on the stellar surface. We therefore conclude that our results not only emphasise the importance of carefully analysing indicators complementary to the RV in RV surveys, but they also suggest that it is also useful to search for signals in activity indicators in subsets of the dataset, because an activity signal that is present in the RV may not be visible in the activity indicators all the time, in particular for the most active stars.
Disc dichotomy signature in the vertical distribution of [Mg/Fe] and the delayed gas infall scenario
Authors: Spitoni E. , Aguirre Børsen-Koch V. , Verma K. , Stokholm A. 
Published: April 2022

Context.Analysis of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment project (APOGEE) data suggests the existence of a clear distinction between two sequences of disc stars in the [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] abundance ratio space, known as the high- and low-αsequence, respectively. This dichotomy also emerges from an analysis of the vertical distribution of the [α/Fe] abundance ratio.Aims.We aim to test whether the revised two-infall chemical evolution models designed to reproduce the low- and high-αsequences in the [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] ratios in the solar neighbourhood are also capable of predicting the disc bimodality observed in the vertical distribution of [Mg/Fe] in APOGEE DR16 data.Methods.Along with the chemical composition of the simple stellar populations born at different Galactic times predicted by our reference chemical evolution models in the solar vicinity, we provide their maximum vertical height above the Galactic plane |zmax| computed assuming the relation between the vertical action and stellar age in APOGEE thin-disc stars.Result.The vertical distribution of the [Mg/Fe] abundance ratio predicted by the reference chemical evolution models is in agreement with that observed when combining the APOGEE DR16 data (chemical abundances) with the astroNN catalogue (stellar ages, orbital parameters) for stars younger than 8 Gyr (only low-αsequence stars). Including the high-αdisc component, the dichotomy in the vertical [Mg/Fe] abundance distribution is reproduced considering the observational cut in the Galactic height of |z|< 2 kpc. However, our model predicts an overly flat (almost constant) growth of the maximum vertical height |zmax| quantity as a function of [Mg/Fe] for high-αobjects in contrast with the median values from APOGEE data. Possible explanations for such a tension are that: (i) the APOGEE sample with |z|< 2 kpc is more likely than ours to be contaminated by halo stars, causing the median values to be kinematically hotter, and (ii) external perturbations – such as minor mergers – that the Milky Way experienced in the past could have heated up the disc, and the heating of the orbits cannot be modeled by only scattering processes. Assuming a disc dissection based on chemistry for APOGEE-DR16 stars (|z|< 2 kpc), the observed |zmax| distributions for high-αand low-αsequences are in good agreement with our model predictions if we consider the errors in the vertical action estimates in the calculation. Moreover, a better agreement between predicted and observed stellar distributions at different Galactic vertical heights is achieved if asteroseismic ages are included as a constraint in the best-fit model calculations.Conclusions.The signature of a delayed gas infall episode, which gives rise to a hiatus in the star formation history of the Galaxy, are imprinted both in the [Mg/Fe] versus [Fe/H] relation and in vertical distribution of [Mg/Fe] abundances in the solar vicinity.
Reduktion klimaschädlicher Treibhausgase durch Auswahl der Inhalatoren in der Therapie von Patienten mit Asthma und COPD
Authors: Bickhardt Jakob , Czupalla Cornelia , Bader Uta 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Die Aufmerksamkeit für ökologische Aspekte als Teil des Gesundheitsschutzes nimmt bei Ärzten und Patienten zu. Dazu gehört auch der CO2-Fußabdruck durch die Verordnung von Medikamenten. Das Treibhauspotenzial inhalativer Therapien hängt von der Art des Inhalationsgeräts ab. Die noch häufig verwendeten treibgashaltigen Dosieraerosole (pMDI) haben einen 10- bis 40-fach höheren CO2-Fußabdruck im Vergleich zu treibgasfreien Pulverinhalatoren (DPI).Zielstellung Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Umsetzbarkeit und die Relevanz der Umstellung von pMDI auf DPI hinsichtlich der Verringerung des CO2-Fußabdrucks in einer pneumologischen Praxis unter Alltagsbedingungen zu untersuchen und eine Kostenabschätzung zu treffen.Methode Ausgehend von exemplarischen Therapieregimen verschiedener Intensität für drei Patienten einer pneumologischen Gemeinschaftspraxis (pGP) wurden der CO2-Fußabdruck und die Tagestherapiekosten untersucht. Auf Basis der Verordnungen des 1. Quartals 2020 (I/2020) und des 1. Quartals 2021 (I/2021) in dieser pGP wurde im Vergleich zum Verordnungsverhalten der Pneumologen in Sachsen und deutschlandweit ermittelt, in welchem Umfang und mit welchen Effekten auf den CO2-Fußabdruck eine Umstellung der Behandlung von pMDI auf DPI möglich ist.Ergebnisse Für exemplarische Therapieregime bei Asthma- bzw. COPD-Patienten wurde bei Umstellung einer pMDI-basierten auf eine DPI-basierte Therapie in Abhängigkeit von der Therapieintensität sowie des verwendeten Treibgases ein Einsparpotential von 115–480 kg CO2-Äquivalent (CO2e) pro Jahr und Patient ermittelt. Bei 2.610 (I/2020) und 2.693 (I/2021) Behandlungsfällen wurden in der Praxis 184.297 bzw. 164.165 definierte durchschnittliche Tagesdosen (DDD) rezeptiert. Der Anteil der DPI konnte von 49,2% (I/2020) auf 77,8% (I/2021) erhöht werden. Insbesondere in der Monotherapie mit inhalativen Kortikosteroiden (ICS) war die Zunahme der DPI-Verordnungen (von 19,8 auf 74,1%) deutlich. Es konnten in der pGP im Vergleich der beiden ersten Quartale 2020 und 2021 35.000–40.000 kg CO2e eingespart werden. Eine Kostensteigerung war im Vergleich zum Bundesdurchschnitt nicht zu beobachten. Bei den Pneumologen in Sachsen und deutschlandweit fand keine wesentliche Veränderung im Verordnungsverhalten statt. Wenn die ambulant tätigen Pneumologen bundesweit 75% DPI verordneten, wäre eine Einsparung von 11.650 Tonnen CO2e pro Quartal bzw. 46.600 Tonnen CO2e pro Jahr möglich.Schlussfolgerung Die inhalative Behandlung von Patienten mit Asthma bronchiale und COPD kann unter Alltagsbedingungen weitgehend von pMDI auf DPI umgestellt werden. Eine wesentliche Einsparung von Treibhausgasemissionen ist ohne relevante Kostensteigerung möglich.
Correlation Between Skin Advanced Glycation End Products and Cardiac
Autonomic Neuropathy Among Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus
Authors: Papachristou Stella , Pafili Kalliopi , Trypsianis Grigorios , Papazoglou Dimitrios , Vadikolias Κonstantinos , Papanas Nikolaos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are frequently
increased in the skin of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This
study aimed to examine the correlation of AGEs with cardiac autonomic neuropathy
(CAN) in T2DM.
Methods To this aim, 132 participants (88 men) with a mean age of 64.57
years and a median T2DM duration of 14.5 years were included. Skin AGEs were
measured with AGE reader mu connect (Diagnoptics) on the dominant arm (both
single and automated triplicate measurements). Diagnosis of CAN, sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system impairment was based on the four standardised
cardiovascular reflex tests (CARTs).
Results On a single measurement, AGEs were increased in subjects with vs.
those without CAN (3.20±0.74 vs. 2.66±0.66, p<0.001). As
compared with normal results, AGEs were increased for each one of the 4 abnormal
CARTs: Valsalva Ratio (3.36±0.67 vs. 2.66±0.72,
p=0.004), E/I ratio (3.01±0.72 vs. 2.53±0.68,
p=0.001), 30:15 ratio (3.08±0.76 vs. 2.75±0.69,
p=0.011), postural hypotension (3.30±0.72 vs. 2.75±0.66,
p<0.001). Similar results were obtained for triplicate measurements.
Discussion Among T2DM subjects, skin AGEs appear to increase in the
presence of CAN. This holds true both for sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous system impairment.