bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Bog here, marshland there’: tensions in co-producing scientific knowledge on solar geoengineering in the Arctic
Authors: Mettiäinen Ilona , Buck Holly Jean , MacMartin Douglas G , Ricke Katharine L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Solar geoengineering has been suggested as a means to cool the planet and ameliorate climate impacts in the Arctic. However, few studies approach this idea from the viewpoint of Arctic communities. We explore the substantive rationale for public engagement with solar geoengineering research, including the premises that: (a) evaluation of local impacts by communities can generate better knowledge about what modeling results mean; and (b) ideas and questions surfaced in public discussions can contribute to and shape scientific research. We convened focus groups in Finnish Lapland, conducted scientific analysis of climate model output on albedo modification based upon the discussions, and returned a year later to discuss the results. The increased granularity of scientific information highlighted the limited scientific basis for decisions, which turned the discussions back towards questions of ethics and justice. We conclude that while there are serious limitations to global public decision-making on climate intervention, in the absence of formal governance, co-producing research could act as one de facto form of governance.
Disentangling the separate and confounding effects of temperature and precipitation on global maize yield using machine learning, statistical and process crop models
Authors: Yin Xiaomeng , Leng Guoyong , Yu Linfei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Temperature impacts on crop yield are known to be dependent on concurrent precipitation conditions and vice versa. To date, their confounding effects, as well as the associated uncertainties, are not well quantified at the global scale. Here, we disentangle the separate and confounding effects of temperature and precipitation on global maize yield under 25 climate scenarios. Instead of relying on a single type of crop model, as pursued in most previous impact assessments, we utilize machine learning, statistical and process-based crop models in a novel approach that allows for reasonable inter-method comparisons and uncertainty quantifications. Through controlling precipitation, an increase in warming of 1 °C could cause a global yield loss of 6.88%, 4.86% or 5.61% according to polynomial regression, long short-term memory (LSTM) and process-based crop models, respectively. With a 10% increase in precipitation, such negative temperature effects could be mitigated by 3.98%, 1.05% or 3.10%, respectively. When temperature is fixed at the baseline level, a 10% increase in precipitation alone could lead to a global yield growth of 0.23%, 1.43% or 3.09% according to polynomial regression, LSTM and process-based crop models, respectively. Further analysis demonstrates substantial uncertainties in impact assessment across crop models, which show a larger discrepancy in predicting temperature impacts than precipitation effects. Overall, global-scale assessment is more uncertain under drier conditions than under wet conditions, while a diverse uncertainty pattern is found for the top ten maize producing countries. This study highlights the important role of climate interactions in regulating yield response to changes in a specific climate factor and emphasizes the value of using both machine learning, statistical and process crop models in a consistent manner for a more realistic estimate of uncertainty than would be provided by a single type of model.
Farming analysis of intercropping of long bean on palm oil plantations (case study)
Authors: Adri  , Yardha  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The research was carried out in the oil palm plantation of farmers in Naga Sari Village, Mestong District, Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi Province. The age of oil palm was 2 years with a spacing of 8 x 9 m. This research was started from October 2019 to February 2020. The research method was a case study on long bean intercropping on smallholder oil palm plantations was covering an area of 3,600 m2. Input and output datas were obtained by recording all farming activities, included of payment of wages and purchases of materials and yield. The purpose of this study was to analyze the long bean intercropping system farming on immature oil palm plantations. The results showed that the long bean intercropping system on immature oil palm plantations was feasible and profitable to cultivate. The amount of revenue is IRD 14,700,000, - with operating profits of IRD 8,260,000, R/C 2.28 and B/C 1,283. The break-even point of production is 1,840 kg and the price break even point is IRD 1,533/kg. The balance of payment of wages with the purchase of materials is 68.5% : 31.5%.
HLA3D: an integrated structure-based computational toolkit for immunotherapy
Authors: Li Xingyu , Lin Xue , Mei Xueyin , Chen Pin , Liu Anna , Liang Weicheng , Chang Shan , Li Jian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Motivation
The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), also known as human leukocyte antigen (HLA), plays an important role in the adaptive immune system by presenting non-self-peptides to T cell receptors. The MHC region has been shown to be associated with a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation and tumours. However, structural analytic tools of HLA are still sparse compared to the number of identified HLA alleles, which hinders the disclosure of its pathogenic mechanism.

Result
To provide an integrative analysis of HLA, we first collected 1296 amino acid sequences, 256 protein data bank structures, 120 000 frequency data of HLA alleles in different populations, 73 000 publications and 39 000 disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphism sites, as well as 212 modelled HLA heterodimer structures. Then, we put forward two new strategies for building up a toolkit for transplantation and tumour immunotherapy, designing risk alignment pipeline and antigenic peptide prediction pipeline by integrating different resources and bioinformatic tools. By integrating 100 000 calculated HLA conformation difference and online tools, risk alignment pipeline provides users with the functions of structural alignment, sequence alignment, residue visualization and risk report generation of mismatched HLA molecules. For tumour antigen prediction, we first predicted 370 000 immunogenic peptides based on the affinity between peptides and MHC to generate the neoantigen catalogue for 11 common tumours. We then designed an antigenic peptide prediction pipeline to provide the functions of mutation prediction, peptide prediction, immunogenicity assessment and docking simulation. We also present a case study of hepatitis B virus mutations associated with liver cancer that demonstrates the high legitimacy of our antigenic peptide prediction process. HLA3D, including different HLA analytic tools and the prediction pipelines, is available at http://www.hla3d.cn/.
Construct a variable-length fragment library for de novo protein structure prediction
Authors: Feng Qiongqiong , Hou Minghua , Liu Jun , Zhao Kailong , Zhang Guijun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough remarkable achievements, such as AlphaFold2, have been made in end-to-end structure prediction, fragment libraries remain essential for de novo protein structure prediction, which can help explore and understand the protein-folding mechanism. In this work, we developed a variable-length fragment library (VFlib). In VFlib, a master structure database was first constructed from the Protein Data Bank through sequence clustering. The hidden Markov model (HMM) profile of each protein in the master structure database was generated by HHsuite, and the secondary structure of each protein was calculated by DSSP. For the query sequence, the HMM-profile was first constructed. Then, variable-length fragments were retrieved from the master structure database through dynamically variable-length profile–profile comparison. A complete method for chopping the query HMM-profile during this process was proposed to obtain fragments with increased diversity. Finally, secondary structure information was used to further screen the retrieved fragments to generate the final fragment library of specific query sequence. The experimental results obtained with a set of 120 nonredundant proteins show that the global precision and coverage of the fragment library generated by VFlib were 55.04% and 94.95% at the RMSD cutoff of 1.5 Å, respectively. Compared with the benchmark method of NNMake, the global precision of our fragment library had increased by 62.89% with equivalent coverage. Furthermore, the fragments generated by VFlib and NNMake were used to predict structure models through fragment assembly. Controlled experimental results demonstrate that the average TM-score of VFlib was 16.00% higher than that of NNMake.
Blood–brain barrier permeable β-blockers linked to lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease in hypertension
Authors: Beaman Emily Eufaula , Bonde Anders Nissen , Larsen Sara Marie Ulv , Ozenne Brice , Lohela Terhi Johanna , Nedergaard Maiken , Gíslason Gunnar Hilmar , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Holst Sebastian Camillo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the pathological accumulation of amyloid-β and tau begins years before symptom onset. Emerging evidence suggests that β-blockers (β-adrenergic antagonists) increase brain clearance of these metabolites by enhancing CSF flow. Our objective was to determine whether β-blocker treatments that easily cross the blood–brain barrier reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease compared to less permeable β-blockers.Data from the Danish national registers were used to identify a retrospective cohort of individuals with hypertension, and those treated with β-blockers were included in the analysis. People with indications for β-blocker use other than hypertension (e.g. heart failure) were only retained in a sensitivity analysis. β-blockers were divided into three permeability groups: low, moderate and high. We used multivariable cause-specific Cox regression to model the effect of β-blocker blood–brain barrier permeability on time to dementia outcomes, adjusting for baseline comorbidities, demographics and socioeconomic variables. Death was modelled as a competing risk. The 10-year standardized absolute risk was estimated as the averaged person-specific risks per treatment.In a cohort of 69 081 (median age = 64.4 years, 64.8% female) people treated with β-blockers for hypertension, highly blood–brain barrier-permeable β-blockers were associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease versus low permeability β-blockers (−0.45%, P &lt; 0.036). This effect was specific to Alzheimer's diagnoses and did not extend to dementia in general. Propensity score analysis matching high and low blood–brain barrier-permeable patients also detected a decreased Alzheimer's risk (−0.92%, P &lt; 0.001) in the high permeability group compared to the low, as did a 1-year landmark analysis (−0.57%, P &lt; 0.029) in which events within the first year of follow-up were ignored as likely unrelated to treatment.Our results suggest that amongst people taking β-blockers for hypertension, treatment with highly blood–brain barrier permeable β-blockers reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease compared to low permeability drugs. Our findings support the hypothesis that highly permeable β-blockers protect against Alzheimer's disease by promoting waste brain metabolite clearance.
Renin, aldosterone, the aldosterone-to-renin ratio, and incident hypertension among normotensive subjects from the general population
Authors: Arnold Natalie , Hermanns Iris M , Schulz Andreas , Hahad Omar , Schmitt Volker H , Panova-Noeva Marina , Prochaska Jürgen H , Binder Harald , Pfeiffer Norbert , Beutel Manfred , Lackner Karl J , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp S 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate the predictive ability of direct plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations as well as their ratio [aldosterone-to-renin (ARR)] for incident hypertension in the general population.Methods and resultsConcentration of renin and aldosterone were measured by a chemiluminescence immunoassay using the fully automated LIAISON® platform (DiaSorin) among 5362 participants of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study, who were normotensive and had no clinically overt cardiovascular disease at baseline. During a follow-up period of 5 years, 18.6% (n = 996) developed a new-onset hypertension. Comparing extreme quartiles of biomarker distribution, the relative risk (RR) for incident arterial hypertension was found to be 1.58 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–2.00; P = 0.00015; Q1 vs. Q4ref] for renin; 1.29 (95% CI 1.05–1.59, P = 0.018; Q4 vs. Q1ref) for aldosterone and 1.70 (95% CI 1.33–2.12; P &lt; 0.0001; Q4 vs. Q1ref) for ARR after multivariable adjustment in men. In females, only high ARR was independently predictive for incident hypertension over 5 years [RR 1.29 (95% CI 1.04–1.62); P = 0.024]. Even in the subgroup of individuals having biomarker concentrations within the reference range, high ARR was predictive for new-onset hypertension in men [RR 1.44 (95% CI 1.13–1.83); P = 0.003]. Finally, synergistic effects of co-prevalent obesity and ARR on incident hypertension were also demonstrated, resulting in markedly higher risk estimates as seen for biomarker alone [RR of 2.70 (95% CI 2.05–3.6) for Q4 of ARR and having body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 vs. low ARR (Q1ref) and normal weight; P &lt; 0.0001].ConclusionAmong normotensives from the general population ARR possesses a stronger predictive value for incident hypertension than renin or aldosterone alone. The prediction of arterial hypertension by ARR was even stronger in obese subjects.
Delayed administration of epinephrine is associated with worse neurological outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and initial pulseless electrical activity: insight from the nationwide multicentre observational JAAM-OHCA (Japan Association for Acute Medicine) registry
Authors: Enzan Nobuyuki , Hiasa Ken ichi , Ichimura Kenzo , Nishihara Masaaki , Iyonaga Takeshi , Shono Yuji , Tohyama Takeshi , Funakoshi Kouta , Kitazono Takanari , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
The delayed administration of epinephrine has been proven to worsen the neurological outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and shockable rhythm or asystole. We aimed to investigate whether the delayed administration of epinephrine might also worsen the neurological outcomes of patients with witnessed OHCA and initial pulseless electrical activity (PEA).

Methods and results
The JAAM-OHCA Registry is a multicentre registry including OHCA patients between 2014 and 2017. Patients with emergency medical services (EMS)-treated OHCA and initial PEA rhythm were included. The primary exposure was the time from the EMS call to the administration of epinephrine. The secondary exposure was the time to epinephrine dichotomized as early (≤15 min) or delayed (&gt;15 min). The primary outcome was the achievement of a favourable neurological outcome, defined as Cerebral Performance Categories Scale 1–2 at 30 days after OHCA. Out of 34 754 patients with OHCA, 3050 patients were included in the present study. After adjusting for potential confounders, the delayed administration of the epinephrine was associated with a lower likelihood of achieving a favourable neurological outcome [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–0.99; P = 0.016]. The percentage of patients who achieved a favourable neurological outcome in the delayed epinephrine group was lower than that in the early epinephrine group (1.3% vs. 4.7%; adjusted OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.15–0.72; P = 0.005). A restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated that delayed epinephrine administration could decrease the likelihood of achieving a favourable neurological outcome; this was significant within the first 10 min.

Conclusions
The delayed administration of epinephrine was associated with worse neurological outcomes in patients with witnessed OHCA patients with initial PEA.
Pre-admission antiplatelet therapy and treatment effect of ticagrelor vs. prasugrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes—a subgroup analysis of the ISAR-REACT 5 trial
Authors: Lahu Shqipdona , Ndrepepa Gjin , Neumann Franz-Josef , Menichelli Maurizio , Bernlochner Isabell , Richardt Gert , Wöhrle Jochen , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Hemetsberger Rayyan , Mayer Katharina , Akin Ibrahim , Cassese Salvatore , Gewalt Senta , Xhepa Erion , Kufner Sebastian , Valina Christian , Sager Hendrik B , Joner Michael , Ibrahim Tareq , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Schunkert Heribert , Schüpke Stefanie , Kastrati Adnan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
To assess whether the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor vs. prasugrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) are influenced by pre-admission treatment with aspirin and/or clopidogrel.

Methods and results
Patients (n = 4018) were categorized into two groups: pre-admission aspirin and/or clopidogrel group (n = 1455) and no pre-admission aspirin or clopidogrel group (n = 2563). The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke; the secondary safety endpoint was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 3–5 bleeding, both at 1 year. Patients in the pre-admission aspirin and/or clopidogrel group had a higher risk of ischaemic events, but a similar risk of bleeding to patients in the no pre-admission aspirin or clopidogrel group (cumulative incidences 10.5% vs. 6.7%, and 5.7% vs. 5.7%, respectively). The primary endpoint occurred in 81/717 patients assigned to ticagrelor and 69/738 patients assigned to prasugrel in the pre-admission aspirin and/or clopidogrel group [11.5% vs. 9.5%; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89–1.69], and in 103/1295 patients assigned to ticagrelor and 68/1268 patients assigned to prasugrel in the no pre-admission aspirin or clopidogrel group [8.0% vs. 5.4%; HR = 1.50 (1.10–2.03); Pint = 0.38]. BARC type 3–5 bleeding events did not differ between ticagrelor and prasugrel in patients in the pre-admission aspirin and/or clopidogrel (6.2% vs. 4.5%) or no pre-admission aspirin or clopidogrel (5.3% vs. 5.1%) group (Pint = 0.54).

Conclusion
In patients with ACS, pre-admission therapy with aspirin and/or clopidogrel has no influence on the relative efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and prasugrel.
Cost-effectiveness of a programme to address sedentary behaviour in older adults: results from the SITLESS RCT
Authors: Deidda Manuela , Coll-Planas Laura , Tully Mark A , Giné-Garriga Maria , Kee Frank , Roqué i Figuls Marta , Blackburn Nicole E , Guerra-Balic Míriam , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Dallmeier Dhayana , Caserotti Paolo , Skjødt Mathias , McIntosh Emma ,   the SITLESS Consortium
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
This study details the within-trial economic evaluation and long-term economic model of SITLESS, a multi-country, three-armed randomized controlled trial comparing a combined intervention of exercise referral schemes (ERS) enhanced by self-management strategies (SMS) against ERS alone and usual care (UC).

Methods
A cost-utility analysis, conducted from the base-case perspective of the National Health Service and personal and social services, estimated the incremental cost per incremental quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and years in full capability (YFC). A secondary analysis combined the costs with a broad set of outcomes within a cost-consequence framework, from a societal perspective. A Markov-type decision-analytic model was developed to project short-term changes in physical activity to long-term outcomes and costs, over a 5- and 15-year time horizon.

Results
The results of the within-trial analysis show that SMS+ERS is highly likely to be cost-effective compared to ERS alone (ICER €4270/QALY), but not compared to UC. Participants allocated to the SMS+ERS group also showed an improvement in YFC compared to ERS alone and UC. The long-term analysis revealed that SMS+ERS is likely to be a cost-effective option compared to ERS and UC over a 5-year, but not with a 15-year horizon, being then dominated by ERS alone.

Conclusion
This research provides new evidence that SMS is a cost-effective add-on to ERS strategies. This economic evaluation informs the case for further, cost-effective, refinement of lifestyle change programmes targeted to older adults, with the aim of ultimately reducing the impact of non-communicable diseases in this population.
Effective treatment for massive neonatal catheter-related right atrial thrombosis
Authors: Gong Shuji , Yang Yifeng , Tan Mingliang , Chen Jinlan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Catheter-related thrombosis is a common complication caused by central venous catheters. Although right atrial thrombosis is uncommon, it may lead to life-threatening situations. Here, we report 2 cases of neonates with massive catheter-related right atrial thrombosis after congenital heart disease surgery. During therapeutic management, we attempted different treatments but failed to clear the mass. Finally, we found thrombectomy to be the most effective method for treating massive catheter-related right atrial thrombosis with favourable results.
A Systematic Review of European Clinical Practice Guidelines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis
Authors: Reeves Rachel M , van Wijhe Maarten , Lehtonen Toni , Stona Luca , Teirlinck Anne C , Vazquez Fernandez Liliana , Li You , Osei-Yeboah Richard , Fischer Thea K , Heikkinen Terho , van Boven Michiel , Bøås Håkon , Donà Daniele , Barbieri Elisa , Campbell Harry ,   RESCEU Investigators, Nair Harish , Campbell Harry , Shi Ting , Zhang Shanshan , Li You , Openshaw Peter , Wedzicha Jadwicha , Falsey Ann , Miller Mark , Beutels Philippe , Bont Louis , Pollard Andrew , Molero Eva , Martinon-Torres Federico , Lehtonen Toni , Heikkinen Terho , Meijer Adam , Fischer Thea Kølsen , van den Berge Maarten , Giaquinto Carlo , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Abram Michael , Hackett Judy , Tafesse Eskinder , Cai Bing , Knirsch Charles , Myint Tin Tin , Lopez Antonio Gonzalez , Dieussaert Ilse , Dermateau Nadia , Stoszek Sonia , Gallichan Scott , Kieffer Alexia , Demont Clarisse , Cheret Arnaud , Gavart Sandra , Aerssens Jeroen , Wyffels Veronique , Cleenewerck Matthias , Fuentes Robert , Kumar Veena 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Since the widespread adoption of palivizumab prophylaxis in Europe, there have been a number of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) published for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children. The aim of this systematic review was to identify CPGs for the prevention of RSV infection across Europe.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature search and contacted European influenza and respiratory virus networks and public health institutions, to identify national CPGs for the prevention of RSV infection. The Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) Statement checklist was applied to extract data and review the quality of reporting.

Results
A total of 20 national CPGs were identified, all published between 2000 and 2018. The greatest discrepancy between guidelines was the recommendations for palivizumab prophylaxis for premature infants, with recommendations varying by gestational age. All guidelines recommended or considered the use of palivizumab in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 85% (n = 17) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), and 60% (n = 12) in children with severe combined immunodeficiency.

Conclusions
We recommend that agencies publishing RSV prevention guidelines adopt the RIGHT reporting requirements when updating these guidelines to improve the presentation of the evidence-base for decisions.