bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital cytomegalovirus surveillance in the United States
Authors: Raines Kelley , Heitman Kristen Nichols , Leung Jessica , Woodworth Kate R. , Tong Van T. , Sugerman David E. , Lanzieri Tatiana M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCongenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is not a nationally notifiable condition, and little is known about how U.S. health departments (HDs) currently conduct cCMV surveillance.MethodsWe surveyed U.S. HDs that conduct cCMV surveillance or screening activities identified through a web‐based assessment. Meetings were held with each HD to enhance our understanding of survey responses.ResultsTen states are systematically collecting cCMV case data to track cCMV cases during early infancy and to provide resources and services to families. Cases are ascertained using cCMV diagnostic codes, reported diagnosis, or laboratory results. Data elements collected for each case include demographics (all 10 states), clinical signs (8 states), laboratory data (4 states), treatment (4 states), and long‐term outcomes (1 state). Annual number of cases reported by HDs ranged from 3 to 47 cases/year in seven states, which was much lower than the expected number of cCMV cases. All 10 HDs have the ability to analyze data collected and four disseminate findings. Major challenges of surveillance reported by HDs were lack of standardized case definitions, personnel constraints, and limited funding.ConclusionsA comprehensive account of cCMV disease burden is severely limited by low case ascertainment and paucity of data on long‐term outcomes. A standardized public health case definition for cCMV would improve consistency in measuring disease prevalence across jurisdictions and over time. Surveillance for cCMV has the potential to increase disease awareness and inform strategies to prevent cCMV‐associated disabilities.
Estrogen receptor α revised: Expression, structure, function, and stability
Authors: Habara Makoto , Shimada Midori 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEstrogen receptor α (ERα) is a ligand‐dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of estrogen‐responsive genes. Approximately 70% of patients with breast cancer are ERα positive. Estrogen stimulates cancer cell proliferation and contributes to tumor progression. Endocrine therapies, which suppress the ERα signaling pathway, significantly improve the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. However, the development of de novo or acquired endocrine therapy resistance remains a barrier to breast cancer treatment. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of ERα is essential to overcome the resistance to treatment. This review focuses on the regulation of ERα expression, including copy number variation, epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, and stability, as well as functions from the point of view post‐translational modifications.
Synthesizing secondary data into survival analysis to improve estimation efficiency
Authors: Chen Chixiang , Yu Tonghui , Shen Biyi , Wang Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe accelerated failure time (AFT) model and Cox proportional hazards (PH) model are broadly used for survival endpoints of primary interest. However, the estimation efficiency from those models can be further enhanced by incorporating the information from secondary outcomes that are increasingly available and highly correlated with primary outcomes. Those secondary outcomes could be longitudinal laboratory measures collected from doctor visits or cross‐sectional disease‐relevant variables, which are believed to contain extra information related to primary survival endpoints to a certain extent. In this paper, we develop a two‐stage estimation framework to combine a survival model with a secondary model that contains secondary outcomes, named as the empirical‐likelihood‐based weighting (ELW), which comprises two weighting schemes accommodated to the AFT model (ELW‐AFT) and the Cox PH model (ELW‐Cox), respectively. This innovative framework is flexibly adaptive to secondary outcomes with complex data features, and it leads to more efficient parameter estimation in the survival model even if the secondary model is misspecified. Extensive simulation studies showcase more efficiency gain from ELW compared to conventional approaches, and an application in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study also demonstrates the superiority of ELW by successfully detecting risk factors at the time of hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction.
A digital module‐based experiential learning in protein biochemistry during the COVID‐19 pandemic paradigm
Authors: Yap Michelle Khai Khun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExperiential learning is compromised in meeting the educational demands of our students during the challenging time of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A more inclusive, flexible, and objective‐oriented experiential learning environment is required. In this context, module‐based experiential learning that is executable on a digital platform was designed. The learning module focused on protein biochemistry, contained a combination of asynchronous and synchronous activities categorized into ‘Knowledge Hub’ and ‘Lab‐based Movie’, across 5 weeks. Digital and module‐based experiential learning provides equitable, inclusive, and flexible access to students at remote locations. Furthermore, it is an objective‐oriented and highly organized experiential learning framework that encourages students to engage and participate more in the learning process.
Synthesis of Arylidenehydrazinyl‐4‐methoxyphenylthiazole Derivatives: Docking Studies, Probing Type II Diabetes Complication Management Agents
Authors: Mehmood Hasnain , Akhtar Tashfeen , Haroon Muhammad , Tahir Ehsaan , Ehsan Muhammad , Woodward Simon , Musa Mustapha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThiazole has been a key scaffold in antidiabetic drugs. In quest of new and more effective drugs a simple, efficient, high yielding (67–79 %) and convenient synthesis of arylidenehydrazinyl‐4‐methoxyphenyl)thiazoles is accomplished over two steps. The synthesis involved the condensation of aryl substituted thiosemicarbazones and 2‐bromo‐4‐methoxyacetophenone in absolute ethanol. The structures of the resulting thiazoles are in accord with their UV/VIS, FT‐IR, 1H‐, 13C‐NMR and HRMS data. All compounds were evaluated for alpha(α)‐amylase inhibition potential, antiglycation, antioxidant abilities and biocompatibility. The compounds library identified 2‐(2‐(3,4‐dichlorobenzylidene)hydrazinyl)‐4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)thiazole as a lead molecule against α‐amylase inhibition with an IC50 of 5.75±0.02 μM. α‐Amylase inhibition is also supported by molecular docking studies against α‐amylase. All the obtained thiazoles also showed promising antiglycation activity with 4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐{2‐[2‐(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]hydrazinyl}thiazole exhibiting the best inhibition (IC50= 0.383±0.001 mg/mL) compared to control. The tested compounds are also biocompatible at the concentration used i. e., 10 μM.
Grid‐Type Quaternary Metallosupramolecular Compounds Inhibit Human Cholinesterases through Dynamic Multivalent Interactions
Authors: Nachon Florian , Brazzolotto Xavier , Dias José , Courageux Charlotte , Drożdż Wojciech , Cao Xiao‐Yu , Stefankiewicz Artur R. , Lehn Jean‐Marie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report the implementation of coordination complexes containing two types of cationic moieties, i. e. pyridinium and ammonium quaternary salt, as potential inhibitors of human cholinesterase enzymes. Utilization of ligands containing NNO‐coordination site and binding zinc metal ion allowed mono‐ and tetra‐nuclear complexes to be obtained with corner and grid structural type, respectively, thus affecting the overall charge of the compounds (from +1 to +8). We were able to examine for the first time the multivalency effect of metallosupramolecular species on their inhibitory abilities towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Importantly, resolution of the crystal structures of the obtained enzyme‐substrate complexes provided a better understanding of the inhibition process at the molecular level.
Giant left myxoma with mitral valve obstruction
Authors: Manuel Valdano , Pedro Glória , Gouveia Joaquim , Luís Belmira , Armando Sandra , António Damião , Masseca Carlos Alberto , Lutucuta Sílvia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present a case of a patient admitted with acute pulmonary edema. An echocardiogram showed a giant myxoma of the left atrium causing mitral valve obstruction. The patient underwent urgent cardiac surgery for tumor resection. There were no postoperative complications, and the follow‐up was uneventful.
Preferential CO Oxidation on a Highly Active Cu Single Atom Catalyst Supported by Ce−TiOx
Authors: Abed Hayder , Mosrati Jawaher , Abdel‐Mageed Ali M. , Cisneros Sebastian , Huyen Vuong Thanh , Rockstroh Nils , Bartling Stephan , Wohlrab Sebastian , Brückner Angelika , Rabeah Jabor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA heterogeneous single‐atom catalyst (SAC) based on a tiny Cu loading (0.05 wt.%) supported on CeO2−TiO2 (Ce/Ti=0.18) shows very high Cu mass‐normalized CO oxidation activity, 100 % selectivity for CO2 between 60 and 100 °C and essentially no deactivation during 17 h on stream in the preferential oxidation of CO (PROX) at 120 °C. Based on state of the art, this catalyst is among the most active and PROX‐selective catalysts. Employing a combination of ex‐situ and operando methods, we infer that the isolated Cu single sites are incorporated with redox‐active Cu2+−O−Ce4+⇆Cu+−□−Ce3+ moieties connected by labile oxygen and are exposed on the surface of highly dispersed ceria. This high dispersion is promoted by TiO2 which itself does not participate in redox steps during PROX, as Ti ions remain essentially tetravalent while Cu and Ce undergo reversible redox shuttles.
Quest for the Most Aromatic Pathway in Charged Expanded Porphyrins
Authors: Casademont‐Reig Irene , Woller Tatiana , García Victor , Contreras‐García Julia , Tiznado William , Torrent‐Sucarrat Miquel , Matito Eduard , Alonso Mercedes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the central role of aromaticity in the chemistry of expanded porphyrins, the evaluation of aromaticity remains difficult for these extended macrocycles. The presence of multiple conjugation pathways and different planar and nonplanar π‐conjugation topologies makes the quantification of global and local aromaticity even more challenging. In neutral expanded porphyrins, the predominance of the aromatic conjugation pathway passing through the imine‐type nitrogens and circumventing the amino NH groups is established. However, for charged macrocycles, the question about the main conjugation circuit remains open. Accordingly, different conjugation pathways in a set of neutral, anionic, and cationic expanded porphyrins were investigated by means of several aromaticity indices rooted in the structural, magnetic, and electronic criteria. Overall, our results reveal the predominance of the conjugation pathway that passes through all nitrogen atoms to describe the aromaticity of deprotonated expanded porphyrins, while the outer pathway through the perimeter carbon atoms becomes the most aromatic in protonated macrocycles. In nonplanar and charged macrocycles, a discrepancy between electronic and magnetic descriptors is observed. Nevertheless, our work demonstrates AVmin remains the best tool to determine the main conjugation pathway of expanded porphyrins.
Establishing Family Relations in Group 15 Halogenido Metalates with the Largest Molecular Antimony Iodide Anion
Authors: Möbs Jakob , Stuhrmann Gina , Weigend Florian , Heine Johanna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudying structurally related families of compounds is a valuable tool in understanding and predicting material properties and has been extensively used for metal halide perovskites. Due to the variable anion structures in group 15 halogenido metalates, similar family relations are still largely missing. Herein, we present compounds featuring the [Sb2nI6n+4]4− family of anions, including the first n=5 member in [Hpyz]4[Sb10I34] (Hpyz=pyrazinium), which contains the largest halogenido pentelate anion reported to date. The optical properties of compounds featuring n=1–5 anions show a clear trend as well as an outlier, a low band gap of 1.72 eV for [Hpyz]4[Sb10I34], that can be well understood using quantum chemical investigations. Also using SbI3 and [H2NMe2]3[SbI6], a compound featuring a single octahedral [SbI6]3− unit, as limiting cases, we show that structure‐property relationships can be established in group 15 halogenido metalates in a similar way as in metal halide perovskites, thus providing a framework for understanding new and known compounds in this emerging class of materials.
A Hadoop‐big data analytic model to predict and classify chronic kidney diseases using improved fractional rough fuzzy K‐means clustering and extreme gradient boost rat swarm optimizer
Authors: Vijayalakshmi J. , Ramaraj E. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryIn this article, a Hadoop‐big data based chronic kidney disease prediction and classification using improved fractional rough fuzzy K‐means (IF‐RFKM) clustering and XG boost rat swarm optimizer is proposed. Here, IF‐RFKM clustering method is contemplated for the disease prediction. This disease is classified using XG boost classifier for classifying the stages of chronic kidney diseases as normal and abnormal. Moreover, the rat swarm optimization (RSO) algorithm is proposed for optimizing the parameters of the XG boost classifier. Initially, the data is randomly generated from CKD dataset. The simulation is carried out in python language. From the simulation, the proposed method attains higher accuracy 99.57%, 98.28%, and 97.35%, higher recall 98.23%, 88.34%, and 78.96% and lower execution time 92.15%, 90.25%, and 92.48% compared with existing methods, like chronic kidney disease detection and classification by recursive feature elimination using decision tree (CCKD‐RFE‐DT). An efficient chronic kidney disease classification and clustering using logistic regression (CCKD‐LR) and efficient chronic kidney disease classification utilizing multi‐kernel support vector machine with (CCKD‐MKC‐SVM).
Maize Seedling Growth and Hormone Response Assays Using the Rolled Towel Method
Authors: Draves Melissa A. , Muench Rebekah L. , Lang Michelle G. , Kelley Dior R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRoot system architecture is a critical factor in maize health and stress resilience. Determining the genetic and environmental factors that shape maize root system architecture is an active research area. However, the ability to phenotype juvenile root systems is hindered by the use of field‐grown and soil‐based systems. An alternative to soil‐ and field‐based growing conditions for maize seedlings is a controlled environment with a soil‐free medium, which can facilitate root system phenotyping. Here, we describe how to grow maize under soil‐free conditions for up to 12 days to facilitate root phenotyping. Maize seeds are sterilized and planted on specialized seed germination paper to minimize fungal contamination and ensure synchronized seedling growth, followed by imaging at the desired time point. The root images are then analyzed to quantify traits of interest, such as primary root length, lateral root density, seminal root length, and seminal root number. In addition, juvenile shoot traits can be quantified using manual annotation methods. We also outline the steps for performing rigorous hormone response assays for four classical phytohormones: auxin, brassinosteroid, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid. This protocol can be rapidly scaled up and is compatible with genetic screens and sample collection for downstream molecular analyses such as transcriptomics and proteomics. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Maize seedling rolled towel assay and phenotypingBasic Protocol 2: Maize seedling hormone response assays using the rolled towel assay
Automotive communication applications based circular ring antenna with reconfigurability and conformal nature
Authors: Anilkumar Tirunagari , Madhav Boddapati T. P. , Rao Manikonda Venkateswara , Nadh Badugu Prudhvi , Kumar Prathipati Rakesh 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThis work presents a compact and conformal frequency reconfigurable antenna for automotive applications. The antenna is designed on a liquid crystal polymer substrate of footprint 40 × 30 × 0.1 mm3. The proposed antenna is having coplanar waveguide feeding with a circular ring radiating element and a pair of parasitic circular elements to obtain the multiband operation. The proposed antenna is studied for frequency reconfigurable characteristics by placing the PIN diodes as switching elements in the desired locations and obtained the reconfigurability in the 4.5–6.5 GHz region. Further, the bending effects of the antenna with respect to its operating bands and the conformal effects with PIN diodes for the reconfigurable performance make this study a trailblazing work. The simulated and measured results describe that the on‐glass conformal antenna is covering 1.58–2.33 (GPS, PCS, GSM1800/1900), 3.22–3.7 (WiMAX), and 4.25–6.8 GHz (WLAN, DSRC, WAVE, V2X) bands for vehicular communications with various switching cases. The obtained gain varies from 3.2 to 4.1 dB in the boresight direction and 6.9 to 9.8 dB in the lateral directions of the vehicle with placement on the vehicle body. As per the obtained results, the antenna is suitable to use for conformal usage on the windshield glass of the vehicle for connected driving scenarios.
Historical ecology identifies long‐term rewilding strategy for conservingMediterranean mountain forests in southItaly
Authors: Palli Jordan , Mensing Scott A. , Schoolman Edward M. , Solano Francesco , Piovesan Gianluca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the context of global decline in old‐growth forest, historical ecology is a valuable tool to derive insights into vegetation legacies and dynamics and develop new conservation and restoration strategies. In this cross‐disciplinary study, we integrate palynology (Lago del Pesce record), history, dendrochronology, and historical and contemporary land cover maps to assess drivers of vegetation change over the last millennium in a Mediterranean mountain forest (Pollino National Park, southern Italy) and discuss implications in conservation ecology. The study site hosts a remnant beech–fir (Fagus sylvatica–Abies alba) mixed forest, a priority habitat for biodiversity conservation in Europe. In the 10th century, the pollen record showed an open environment that was quickly colonized by silver fir when sociopolitical instabilities reduced anthropogenic pressures in mountain forests. The highest forest cover and biomass was reached between the 14th and the 17th centuries following land abandonment due to recurring plague pandemics. This rewilding process is also reflected in the recruitment history of Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii) in the subalpine elevation belt. Our results show that human impacts have been one of the main drivers of silver fir population contraction in the last centuries in the Mediterranean, and that the removal of direct human pressure led to ecosystem renovation. Since 1910, the Rubbio State Forest has locally protected and restored the mixed beech–fir forest. The institutions in 1972 for the Rubbio Natural Reserve and in 1993 for Pollino National Park have guaranteed the survival of the silver fir population, demonstrating the effectiveness of targeted conservation and restoration policies despite a warming climate. Monitoring silver fir populations can measure the effectiveness of conservation measures. In the last decades, the abandonment of rural environments (rewilding) along the mountains of southern Italy has reduced the pressure on ecosystems, thus boosting forest expansion. However, after four decades of natural regeneration and increasing biomass, pollen influx and forest composition are still far from the natural attributes of the medieval forest ecosystem. We conclude that long‐term forest planning encouraging limited direct human disturbance will lead toward rewilding and renovation of carbon‐rich and highly biodiverse Mediterranean old‐growth forests, which will be more resistant and resilient to future climate change.
Identification of wild‐type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome surgery (CACTuS)
Authors: Ladefoged Bertil , Clemmensen Tor , Dybro Anne , Hartig‐Andreasen Charlotte , Kirkeby Lone , Gormsen Lars Christian , Bomholt Peter , Gillmore Julian , Poulsen Steen Hvitfeldt 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsWild‐type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRwt) is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy with a poor prognosis. The condition is associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), which often precedes the ATTRwt diagnosis by several years. The aim of the study was (i) to screen patients with a recent history of CTS for ATTRwt using red flags, (ii) to determine whether patients with screened ATTRwt had less advanced disease compared with patients with clinical ATTRwt, and (iii) to assess the sensitivity and specificity of known red flags in ATTRwt.Methods and resultsPatients aged ≥60 years at the time of CTS surgery were invited for screening. Red flags were defined as elevated biomarker levels of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) or cardiac troponin, an electrocardiogram pattern associated with ATTRwt, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and impaired longitudinal strain with apical sparring. All patients with a red flag were referred for a diagnostic scintigraphy. Patients with ATTRwt diagnosed by screening were compared with patients with clinical ATTRwt (n = 51) matched by age, gender, and CTS surgery. Among the 120 enrolled subjects (mean age 74.5 years, 90% male), the suspicion of ATTR was raised in 67 (55.8%), and 10 (8.3%) were diagnosed with ATTRwt. Patients identified with ATTRwt were predominantly asymptomatic and had mildly elevated NT‐proBNP, mildly increased LVH, preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, and systolic longitudinal function, which differed significantly from clinical ATTRwt controls (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe study found an ATTRwt prevalence of 8.3% in a population of age and gender‐selected patients with a recent history of CTS. The identified patients with ATTRwt had less structural and functional cardiac involvement than clinical ATTRwt controls.