bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problematic Shopping Behavior: An Item Response Theory Examination of the Seven-Item Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale
Authors: Zarate Daniel , Fullwood Lana , Prokofieva Maria , Griffiths Mark D. , Stavropoulos Vasileios 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere has been an increasing amount of research examining problematic shopping behavior (PSB), often referred to in the psychological literature as “compulsive buying” or “shopping addiction.” A popular scale for assessing the risk of PSB is the seven-item Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS). To expand our knowledge of the psychometric properties of this instrument, the present study employed Item Response Theory (IRT) and differential item functioning analyses (DIF) while concurrently attempting to determine a preliminary cut-off point. A relatively large community sample completed the BSAS online (N = 968, Mage = 29.5 years, SDage = 9.36, 32.5% women). IRT analyses showed differences regarding the BSAS items’ discrimination, difficulty, and precision, with a raw score exceeding 23 (out of 28) indicating a higher risk of shopping addiction. Finally, while most BSAS items operated equally among males and females, Item 2 (mood modification) required a higher level of shopping addiction behaviors to be endorsed by males. The BSAS functions as a reliable assessment of the risk of shopping addiction, particularly between average and high levels of the trait. Clinical implications are discussed in light of these findings.
Widerstände gegen Präventionsmaßnahmen während der COVID-19-Pandemie: Ursachen und Strategien für ihre Minimierung
Authors: Hastall Matthias R. , Scherenberg Viviane 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Während der COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“) kam es immer wieder zu Widerständen gegenüber nachweislich wirksamen Präventionsmaßnahmen. Eine solche durch Verärgerung und negativen Kognitionen gekennzeichnete „Reaktanz“ erleben Menschen (gemäß der psychologischen Reaktanztheorie) bei einer wahrgenommenen Bedrohung subjektiv wichtiger Freiheiten oder wahrgenommenen Versuchen, ihre Einstellungen oder ihr Verhalten zu ändern.

Fragestellung
Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet die Rolle defensiver Prozesse im Kontext der COVID-19-Pandemie aus der Perspektive einer evidenzbasierten und abwehrsensiblen Risiko- und Krisenkommunikation. Nach einem Überblick über wesentliche Auslöser und Ausprägungen werden Möglichkeiten zur Minimierung von Abwehr diskutiert.

Ergebnis
Widerstände sind in einem gewissen Umfang immer zu erwarten, lassen sich aber durch bestimmte formale und inhaltliche Gestaltungen der Informationen minimieren. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise eine professionelle Anmutung, eine respektvoll wertschätzende und stigmasensible Grundhaltung, eine positive und selbstwirksamkeitsstärkende Ansprache sowie eine Vermeidung emotional überfordernder Informationen wie z. B. stark negative emotionale Appelle oder starkes Verlust-Framing.

Schlussfolgerung
Akteure sollten müssen sich darüber im Klaren darüber sein, dass Abwehrmechanismen durch die Kommunikation sowohl gefördert als auch reduziert werden können. Sie sollten wesentliche Auslöser hierfür kennen und durch eine konsistente, verständliche und adressatengerechte Kommunikation dazu beitragen, Unsicherheiten, Widerstände und Irritationen zu vermeiden.
Bildung und Schule im Spannungsfeld pandemiebedingter Herausforderungen: Eine thematische Analyse von Akteur-Struktur-Dynamiken
Authors: Herzog Christian , Beil Alessandro Immanuel , Kelly Peter 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungIm deutschen Schulsystem wurde auf die Coronapandemie mit vielfältigen, teilweise schnelllebigen Maßnahmen reagiert. Insbesondere drei Akteursgruppen versuchten dabei Einfluss zu nehmen: Schulen, Familien und Politik. Theoretisch gerahmt von Schimanks (2010) Akteur-Struktur-Dynamiken, wird im Beitrag empirisch der Fragestellung nachgegangen, wie Schulen, Familien und Politik sich in Presseberichten positionieren bzw. positioniert werden. Auf der Grundlage dieser medialen Konstruktion erschließen wir, wie sich die Akteursgruppen selbst und wie sie die jeweils beiden anderen sehen. Untersucht wurde die deutsche Presseberichterstattung während zwei Drei-Monats-Zeiträumen im Jahr 2020. Aus einer Vielzahl verschiedenartiger bundesweiter und regionaler in der Datenbank LexisNexis verzeichneter Quellen wurden zwei Datensätze erstellt (n = 178) und einer qualitativen thematischen Analyse unterzogen. Datensatz 1 wurde induktiv, Datensatz 2 deduktiv codiert. Sechs Themen wurden aus den Daten herausgearbeitet, die aus indirekter Perspektive tiefgehende Einblicke in die Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung jeder Akteursgruppe sowie deren Entwicklung im Zeitverlauf bieten. Wie die Analyse zeigt, gibt es von Seiten der schulischen AkteurInnen eine wachsende Digitalisierungsbereitschaft. Darüber hinaus folgt aus den als zu kurz-greifend aufgefassten politischen Maßnahmen der Gestaltungswille, den Digitalisierungsschub nachhaltig bestmöglich zu nutzen. Es lässt sich ferner ein zunehmender Zusammenhalt zwischen Schulen und Familien beobachten. Beide bringen in ansteigendem Maße Verständnis für die Situation und die Handlungen der anderen Gruppe auf. Gleichzeitig stehen Schulen und Familien der Akteursgruppe Politik zunehmend kritisch gegenüber und nehmen deren Handeln als nicht zukunftsorientiert, wenig kohärent und soziale Disparitäten vergrößernd wahr. Um Handeln und Handlungsintentionen besser verstehen, nachvollziehen und teilweise erklären zu können, werden die drei untersuchten Gruppen Schimanks vier partiellen Akteursmodellen zugeordnet. Auf Basis der Analyse werden Dynamiken in der Entwicklung von Akteurskonstellationen diskutiert.
Performance Assessment of Low-Temperature A-CAES (Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage) Plants
Authors: Tola Vittorio , Marcello Francesca Carolina , Cocco Daniele , Cau Giorgio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe widespread diffusion of renewable energy sources calls for the development of high-capacity energy storage systems as the A-CAES (Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage) systems. In this framework, low temperature (100°C–200°C) A-CAES (LT-ACAES) systems can assume a key role, avoiding some critical issues connected to the operation of high temperature ones.In this paper, two different LT-ACAES configurations are proposed. The two configurations are characterized by the same turbomachines and compressed air storage section, while differ in the TES section and its integration with the turbomachinery. In particular, the first configuration includes two separated cycles: the working fluid (air) cycle and the heat transfer fluid (HTF) cycle. Several heat exchangers connect the two cycles allowing to recover thermal energy from the compressors and to heat the compressed air at the turbine inlet. Two different HTFs were considered: air (case A) and thermal oil (case B). The second configuration is composed of only one cycle, where the operating fluid and the HTF are the same (air) and the TES section is composed of three different packed-bed thermal storage tanks (case C). The tanks directly recover the heat from the compressors and heat the air at each turbine inlet, avoiding the use of heat exchangers.The LT-ACAES systems were modelled and simulated using the ASPEN-Plus and the MATLAB-Simulink environments. The main aim of this study was the detailed analysis of the reciprocal influence between the turbomachinery and the TES system; furthermore, the performance evaluation of each plant was carried out assuming both on-design and off-design operating conditions. Finally, the different configurations were compared through the main performance parameters, such as the round-trip efficiency.A total power output of around 10 MW was set, leading to a TES tank volume ranging between 500 and 700 m3. The second configuration with three TES systems appears to be the most promising in terms of round-trip efficiency since the energy produced during the discharging phase is greater. In particular, the round-trip efficiency of the LT-ACAES ranges between 0.566 (case A) to 0.674 (case C). Although the second configuration assures the highest performance, the effect of operating at very high pressures inside the tanks should be carefully evaluated in terms of overall costs.
IOSIG: Declarative I/O-Stream Properties Using Pragmas
Authors: Gholami Masoud , Schintke Florian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNon-functional properties of IO-streams are typically not specified and passed to the used middleware or operating system. Knowing properties such as the expected access pattern, reliability, and visibility for data would allow a better storage resource selection by the infrastructure and thus could improve overall performance. With pragma annotations, we let developers declare the intended data access for their file descriptors and automatically redirect the corresponding input/output to the most appropriate storage device of the user’s system. Our automatic resource selection lets applications leverage system storage capabilities better, often delivers improved performance (in some cases by orders of magnitude), and relieves uninformed users from having to make the best choice manually.
Generation and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere in the North Atlantic
Authors: Ligi Marco , Cuffaro Marco , Muccini Filippo , Bonatti Enrico 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHalf a century ago, our view of the Earth shifted from that of a Planet with fixed continents and ancient stable ocean basins to one with wandering continents and young, active ocean basins, reviving Wegener’s Continental Drift that had rested dormant for years. The lithosphere is the external, mostly solid and relatively rigid layer of the Earth, with thickness and composition different below the oceans and within the continents. We will review the processes leading to the generation and evolution of the Earth’s lithosphere that lies beneath the oceans. We will discuss how the oceanic lithosphere is generated along mid-ocean ridges due to upwelling of convecting hot mantle. We will consider in particular lithosphere generation occurring along the northern Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) from Iceland to the equator, including the formation of transform offsets. We will then focus on the Vema fracture zone at 10°–11° N, where a ~ 300 km long uplifted and exposed sliver of lithosphere allows to reconstruct the evolution of lithosphere generation at a segment of the MAR from 25 million years ago to the Present. This axial ridge segment formed 50 million years ago, and reaches today 80 km in length. The degree of melting of the subridge mantle increased from 16 million years ago to today, although with some oscillations. The mantle presently upwelling beneath the MAR becomes colder and/or less fertile going from Iceland to the Equator, with “waves” of hot/fertile mantle migrating southwards from the Azores plume. Scientific revolutions seem to occur periodically in the history of Science; we wonder when the next revolution will take place in the Earth Science, and to what extent our present views will have to be modified.
A novel fuzzy approach to gas pipeline risk assessment under influence of ground movement
Authors: Malinowska Agnieszka , Cui Ximin , Salmi Ebrahim Fathi , Hejmanowski Ryszard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe gas transport infrastructure is frequently localized in areas subjected to anthropogenic movements and strains. The potential impact of the ground movements on the gas pipeline in the aspect of its damage can be properly assessed e.g. by predicting strains, taking into account the causes of terrain movement. On the other hand, the hazard is also related to technological factors like design of the pipeline. The presented method is based on artificial intelligence methods allowing for evaluation of probability of failure risk in gas supply pipeline sections. The Mamdani fuzzy inference was used in this study. Uncertainty of variables characterizing the resistance of the gas pipeline and predicted continuous deformations of ground surface were accounted for in the model by using triangular-shaped membership functions. Based on the surface deformations and gas pipeline resistance and the inference model one can make prediction when the gas pipeline is hazarded. There were estimated two the most hazarded parts for two pipelines. We proved that the proposed model can contribute to the protection, costoptimization of the designed pipelines and to the repairs of the existing gas pipelines.
Polypharmacy, comorbidity and frailty: a complex interplay in older patients at the emergency department
Authors: van Dam Carmen S. , Labuschagne Helena A. , van Keulen Kris , Kramers Cornelis , Kleipool Emma E. , Hoogendijk Emiel O. , Knol Wilma , Nanayakkara Prabath W. B. , Muller Majon , Trappenburg Marijke C. , Peters Mike J. L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Older adults at the emergency department (ED) with polypharmacy, comorbidity, and frailty are at risk of adverse health outcomes. We investigated the association of polypharmacy with adverse health outcomes, in relation to comorbidity and frailty.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study in ED patients  ≥ 70 years. Non-polypharmacy was defined as 0–4 medications, polypharmacy 5–9 and excessive polypharmacy ≥ 10. Comorbidity was classified by the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Frailty was defined by the Identification of Seniors At Risk—Hospitalized Patients (ISAR-HP) score. The primary outcome was 3-month mortality. Secondary outcomes were readmission to an ED/hospital ward and a self-reported fall < 3 months. The association between polypharmacy, comorbidity and frailty was analyzed by logistic regression.

Results
881 patients were included. 43% had polypharmacy and 18% had excessive polypharmacy. After 3 months, 9% died, 30% were readmitted, and 21% reported a fall. Compared with non-polypharmacy, the odds ratio (OR) for mortality ranged from 2.62 (95% CI 1.39–4.93) in patients with polypharmacy to 3.92 (95% CI 1.95–7.90) in excessive polypharmacy. The OR weakened after adjustment for comorbidity: 1.80 (95% CI 0.92–3.52) and 2.32 (95% CI 1.10–4.90). After adjusting for frailty, the OR weakened to 2.10 (95% CI 1.10–4.00) and OR 2.40 (95% CI 1.15–5.02). No significant association was found for readmission or self-reported fall.

Conclusions
Polypharmacy is common in older patients at the ED. Polypharmacy, and especially excessive polypharmacy, is associated with an increased risk of mortality. The observed association is complex given the confounding effect of comorbidity and frailty.
Teachers’ Ideological Dilemmas During the Pandemic at Higher Education Institutions: a Discursive Psychological Approach
Authors: Murakami Kyoko , Kondo Sachihiko , Hong Jianzhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted higher education (hereinafter “HE”) teaching and learning approaches globally since 2020. It has compelled a major shift from face-to-face to online delivery, affecting the ways HE teachers teach and communicate with students. In this paper, we explore an under-researched area, teachers’ ideological dilemmas surrounding online teaching and issues related to remote or technologically mediated communication adopted in three countries, China, Japan and the UK. Drawing on the theoretical and methodological framework of discursive psychology, we focus on the concepts called ideological dilemmas and the kaleidoscope of common sense in order to examine common sense views of HE teachers regarding online and onsite teaching as well as blended learning where these constitute ideological dilemmas. Taking an exploratory, small case study approach, we present a discourse analysis of interviews with HE teachers and reveal their ideological dilemmas over online teaching. We identify the patterns of shifting justifications in the interviews. Our discussion highlights the dynamic and dilemmatic nature of the HE teachers’ views, some of which are shaped by the local university context, as well as the different ways in which the spread of COVID-19 is taking place and the various measures taken by each country’s government against the damaging effects of the pandemic.
Identification and Characterization of Nanoclays in Gamalama Volcanic Soil of Northern Maluku
Authors: Cipta I. , Febiyanto F. , Syoufian A. , Kartini I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClay minerals in Gamalama volcanic soil have not yet been identified thoroughly. The soil is estimated to contain nanoscale natural clays, such as halloysite or imogolite. The occurrence of nanoclays in the soil will support the development of many applications in nanotechnologies from nature. The objective of the present study was to characterize soil samples from five different locations around the volcano at three different depths from the soil surface. A total of 50 g of dry soil sample was stirred slowly in 300 mL of distilled water. Stirring was stopped after the addition of 10 mL of 30% H2O2 and then allowed to stand for 24 h. The small floating particles with dimensions of <2 μm were separated from the mixture and collected using a centrifuge at 4000 rpm (1790×g) for 30 min. About 5 g of solid sample was obtained for further characterization. X-ray diffraction results showed the presence of halloysite, allophane, and kaolinite. Morphology analysis by scanning and transmission electron microscopy of some representative samples showed short tubes 10–20 nm in diameter and 50–100 nm long with the halloysite structure. Halloysite was found at 70 cm depth from the soil surface at almost all locations. The surface area determined by the surface area analyzer using the BET equation was as much as 112.51 m2/g. This surface area is thought to be the largest ever determined for a natural nanoclay, paving the way for future application as catalytic or photocatalytic-supporting materials.
Multilevel modelling approach to analysing life course socioeconomic status and understanding missingness
Authors: Byrne Adrian , Shlomo Natalie , Chandola Tarani 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper investigated the extent to which parental socioeconomic status was associated with life course socioeconomic status heterogeneity between adult cohort members of the 1958 National Child Development Study and how this association differed depending on methods used to address longitudinal missing data. We compared three variants of the full information maximum likelihood approach, namely available case, complete case and partially observed case and two methods designed to compensate for missing at random data, namely multilevel multiple imputation and multiple imputation chained equations. Our results highlighted the important contribution of parental socioeconomic status in explaining the divergence in achieved socioeconomic status over the adult life course, how the available case approach increasingly overestimated socioeconomic attainment as age increased and survey sample size decreased and how the complete case approach downwardly biased the effect of parental socioeconomic status on adult socioeconomic status.
Moral transparency of and concerning algorithmic tools
Authors: Hayes Paul , van de Poel Ibo , Steen Marc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlgorithms and AI tools are becoming increasingly influential artefacts in commercial and governance contexts. Algorithms and AI tools are not value neutral; to some extent they must be rendered knowable and known as objects, and in their implementation and deployment, to see clearly and understand their implications for moral values, and what actions can be undertaken to optimise them in their design and use towards ethical goals, or whether they are even suitable for particular goals. Transparency is a term with variable uses and interpretations, a problem which can challenge its use in design and policy. Here, we attempt to further clarify transparency. We argue that transparency is the state of affairs that obtains when relevant and understandable information about some X is available and accessible to some target audience (A), so that this information is sufficient for A for the purpose (P). Moreover, we connect this conceptualisation with transparency’s moral value, where P is to provide an account about X’s supportive or conflicting relationship with relevant values and goals. Such teleological ends in our context here can be the ability to account for the degree to which an algorithm, process or organisation respects certain values and is conducive to (social) goals.
Developing computable sustainable urbanization science: interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: Chen Mingxing , Chen Liangkan , Li Yang , Xian Yue 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this era of drastic global change, the Anthropocene, carbon neutrality and sustainable development have become common twenty-first century human challenges and goals. Large-scale urbanization is indicative of human activities and provides an important impetus for environmental changes; therefore, cities have become an important stage in which to promote a more sustainable future development of human society. However, current researchers study urbanization issues based on the perspectives and tools of their respective disciplines; therefore, a holistic and comprehensive understanding of urbanization is lacking due to the insufficient integration of multidisciplinary study perspectives. We explored the construction of interdisciplinary computable sustainable urbanization and introduces a conceptual framework for interdisciplinary urbanization, as scientific computing supports and integrates the natural sciences and humanities to simulate urban evolution and further observe, explain, and optimize human and environment interactions in urban areas. We advocated for the establishment of major international research programs and organizations in the field of sustainable urbanization, and the cultivation of talented young professionals with broad-ranging interdisciplinary interests. Expectantly, we hope a livable planet in the Anthropocene era could be created by developing sustainable urbanization and achieving carbon neutrality.
Compliance with wearing facemasks by university teaching staff during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic: a cross sectional study
Authors: Yosef Mostafa , Mokhtar Fatma Amr Gamil , Hussein Wafaa Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to explore compliance with and barriers to wearing facemasks at the workplace among university teaching staff in Egypt.

Methods
An online survey was shared with teaching staff members at 11 public and 12 private Egyptian universities and high institutes, and 218 responses were received. All participants were asked about beliefs related to wearing facemasks. For participants who taught in-person classes, compliance with and barriers to wearing facemasks at the workplace were assessed. Compliance level was classified into: Non-compliance, inadequate and adequate, based on the degree of adherence to having facemasks on and not taking them off at five main work settings. We compared demographic characteristics, beliefs, and barriers scores across compliance levels.

Results
Most participants (81.7%) believed that facemasks reduce infection risk to others and 74.3% believed facemasks can reduce risk to the wearer. Around 80% of the respondents who taught in-person classes wore facemasks, but only 37.8% met the criteria of adequate compliance. Difficulty breathing and impaired communication were cited as major barriers by 42.2% and 30.3% of in-person class tutors respectively. The risk of reporting COVID-19 like symptoms among non-compliant participants was double the risk among those with adequate compliance (45.9% vs 25.7% respectively). Adequate compliance was significantly associated with higher positive beliefs scores and lower barriers scores.

Conclusion
Adequate compliance with wearing facemasks at the workplace was low. Addressing negative beliefs may improve compliance. Difficulty breathing, and impaired communication were important barriers, therefore we recommend replacing in-person interactions with online classes whenever applicable.