bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concrete with Recycled Fine Aggregate (RFA) and Manufactured Sand (MS): Compressive Strength and Cost
Authors: Molla Fentahun Abere 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ethiopia's construction industry is developing at an unprecedented rate. Concrete production necessitates a large number of natural resources in this developing industry. River sand is commonly utilized as a fine aggregate in concrete compositions. However, due to a wide range of variability, cost, and quality issues, sand availability in the burgeoning Ethiopian construction industry would be a concern. Keeping this in mind, numerous structures are being demolished and replaced by new ones as part of the present modernization and expansion of cities. There are two issues with the generated concrete wastes as a result of that demolition process: on the one hand, environmental degradation caused by the materials extraction activity, and on the other hand, damped demolished wastes. As a result, the physical properties of fine aggregates are studied in this study, as well as the strength and cost of concrete produced by partially substituting sand with Reused Fine Aggregate (RFA) and Manufactured Sand (MS). Compressive strength tests were performed, and the findings showed that concrete containing RFA and MS as sand substitute has a higher compressive strength than standard concrete. Concrete that replaces all of the sand with RFA and FMS is a cost-effective mix that can save up to 2.41 percent of the overall cost of the concrete.
Epidemiology, injury pattern and outcome of older Canadian trauma patients: a 15-year study of a provincial trauma registry
Authors: Benhamed Axel , Batomen Brice , Boucher Valérie , Yadav Krishan , Mercier Eric , Isaac Chartelin Jean , Bérubé Mélanie , Bernard Francis , Chauny Jean-Marc , Moore Lynne , Sirois Marie Josee , Tazarourte Karim , Gossiome Amaury , Émond Marcel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
IntroductionOlder adults have become a significant portion of the trauma population. The primary objective was to evaluate the temporal changes in the incidence, demographic and trauma characteristics, injury pattern, in-hospital admission, complications, and outcome of older trauma patients. MethodsA multicentre retrospective study was conducted using the Quebec Trauma Registry. Patients aged ≥16 years, admitted to one of the three adult level-I trauma centre between 2003 and 2017 were included. Descriptive analyses were performed.ResultsWe included 53,324 patients and 24,822 were aged ≥65 years. The median age increased from 57[IQR 36-77] to 67[IQR 46-82] years and the proportion of older adults rose from 41.8% to 54.1%. Among those, fall remained the main mechanism (84.7%-88.3%) and the proportion of severe thorax (+8.9%), head (+8.7%), and spine (+5%) injuries increased over time. The proportion of severely injured older patients almost doubled (17.6%-32.3%), yet their mortality decreased (-1%). Their average number of annual bed-days consumption also increased (+15,004 and +1,437 in non-intensive care ward and ICU, respectively).ConclusionsSince 2014, older adults represent the majority of admissions in Level-I trauma centres in Québec. Their bed-days consumption has greatly increased, their injury pattern and severity has deeply evolved, while we showed a decrease in mortality.
Catalytic pyrolysis of recycled polypropylene using a regenerated FCC catalyst
Authors: Palmay Paul , Medina Carlos , Donoso Caterine , Barzallo Diego , Bruno Joan Carles 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The increasing generation of plastic wastes forces us to search for final disposal technologies. Pyrolysis becomes an interesting technique in the last few years because it takes advantage of the wastes obtaining important products. Moreover, catalytic pyrolysis develops a great selectivity in the products so, the recovered of catalysts from other processes gain significant interest. In this study, we report the evaluation of the catalytic pyrolysis carried out in a batch reactor with a regenerated FCC catalyst using thermogravimetry (TGA). The regeneration studies were carried using two solvents (ethanol and toluene) at different contact times, then a thermal regeneration at two heating ramps was developed. The catalysts were characterized by SEM-EDS and BET, then used to compare with a commercial catalyst in the pyrolysis process in a 1:10 ratio (catalyst-plastic). The catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) was carried out at 450 °C, and the products were quantified. The results showed a better solvent action of the ethanol in 14 hours of contact and longer gasification. The degradation process using recovered catalyst decreases the degradation temperature compared to the no-catalyst process. As a consequence, the yield of the liquid fraction decreases by 10% with greater orientation to aliphatic components.
Activity level and quality of life among Hungarian patients undergoing knee replacement surgery and using ActivPAL: A longitudinal study
Authors: Alfatafta Huda , Alfatafta Mahmoud , Onchonga David , Khatatbeh Haitham , Amer Faten , Zhang lu , Boncz Imre , Than Péter , Molics Bálint 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a very common disease in Hungary. Knee replacement surgery is the last-stage intervention for severe cases to reduce pain and improve the quality of life. Nevertheless, there is no information about the activity level of Hungarian before and after the surgery based on objective monitor. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the improvement in activity level and quality of life pre-post surgery among Hungarian patients.Methods: 10 participants (70±4 years,30.7±3.4 kg/m2) were included with knee osteoarthritis undergoing total unilateral knee replacement. The activity level was evaluated with the ActivPAL and Short form-36 before and one year after surgery.Results: Out of 10 patients, eight patients were followed up after one year of the surgery. After one year of the surgery, the activity level based on ActivPAL including the number of steps, the time of standing, the time of sitting, and the time of stepping improved between 12.3%-69.4%. The standing time and number of steps improved the most among the patients by 69.4% (p=0.041) and 12.3% (p=0.051), respectively. Requiring the questionnaire, also the overall score and the pain improved after one year by 58.3% (p=0.050) and 26.6%(p=0.47), respectively. In contrast, the physical function based on the questionnaire insignificantly improved by up to 17.6% (p=0.89).Conclusion: This is the first study in Hungary that used objective and subjective tools. The objective tool showed more improvement in physical activity than the subjective. Nevertheless, the surgery is effective in reducing pain and enhancing the activity level.
Creation and observation of topological magnetic monopoles and their interactions in a ferromagnetic meta-lattice
Authors: Rana Arjun , Liao Chen-Ting , Iacocca Ezio , Zou Ji , Pham Minh , Lu Xingyuan , Subramanian Emma-Elizabeth Cating , Lo Yuan Hung , Ryan Sinéad , Bevis Charles , Karl Robert , Glaid Andrew , Rable Jeffrey , Mahale Pratibha , Hirst Joel , Ostler Thomas , Liu William , O’Leary Colum , Yu Young-Sang , Bustillo Karen , Ohldag Hendrik , Shapiro David , Yazdi Sadegh , Mallouk Thomas , Osher Stanley , Kapteyn Henry , Crespi Vincent , Badding John , Tserkovnyak Yaroslav , Murnane Margaret , Miao Jianwei (John) 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Topological magnetic monopoles, also known as hedgehogs or Bloch points, are three-dimensional (3D) nonlocal spin textures that are robust to thermal and quantum fluctuations due to their topology1-4. Understanding their properties is of both fundamental interest and practical applications1-9. However, it has been difficult to experimentally produce topological magnetic monopoles in a controlled manner and directly observe their 3D magnetization vector field and interactions at the nanoscale. Here, we report the creation of 138 stable topological magnetic monopoles at the specific sites of a ferromagnetic meta-lattice at room temperature. We further develop 3D soft x-ray vector ptychography to determine the magnetization vector and emergent magnetic field of the topological monopoles with a 3D spatial resolution of 10 nm. This spatial resolution is comparable to the magnetic exchange length of transition metals10, enabling us to probe monopole-monopole interactions. We find that the topological monopole pairs with positive and negative charges are separated by 18.3±1.6 nm, while the positively and negatively charged pairs are stabilized at comparatively longer distances of 36.1±2.4 nm and 43.1±2.0 nm, respectively. We also observe virtual topological monopoles created by magnetic voids in the meta-lattice. This work demonstrates that ferromagnetic meta-lattices could be used as a new platform to create and investigate the interactions and dynamics of topological magnetic monopoles. Furthermore, we expect that soft x-ray vector ptychography can be broadly applied to quantitatively image 3D vector fields in magnetic and anisotropic materials at the nanoscale.
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier-mediated metabolism is dispensable for the classical activation of macrophages
Authors: Ran Linyu , Zhang Song , Zhao Pei , Sun Jiaxing , Zhou Jiaqi , Gan Haiyun , Jeon Ryounghoon , Li Qiang , Herrmann Joerg , Wang Feilong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Glycolysis is essential for the classical activation of macrophages (M1), but how glycolytic pathway metabolites engage in this process remains to be elucidated. Glycolysis culminates in the production of pyruvate, which can be transported into the mitochondria by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) followed by conversion to citrate and utilization in the TCA cycle. Alternatively, pyruvate can be metabolized to lactate under aerobic conditions, which had been considered to be the dominant route in the setting of classical macrophage activation. However, based on studies that used UK5099 as a MPC inhibitor and showed reduction in key inflammatory cytokines, the mitochondrial route has been considered to be of significance for M1 activation as well. Herein, using a genetic depletion model, we found that MPC is dispensable for metabolic reprogramming and the activation of M1. In addition, MPC depletion in myeloid cells has no impact on inflammatory responses and macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype in the endotoxemia mice model. While UK5099 reaches maximal MPC inhibitory capacity at approximately 2–5µM, higher concentrations are required to inhibit inflammatory cytokine production in M1 and this is independent of MPC expression. Taken together, this study found MPC-mediated metabolism is dispensable for the classical activation of macrophages, and UK5099 inhibits inflammatory responses in M1 macrophages due to effects other than MPC inhibition.
In Silico Screening of Phytogenic Compounds Against Rhizoctonia Solani Trehalase Enzyme
Authors: Mahanty Arabinda , Lenka Srikanta , Adak Totan , behera Lopamudra , Prabhukarthikeyan SR , Raghu S , Rath Prakash Chandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trehalase enzyme of Rhizoctonia solani is the target site for validamycin, a common fungicide used for controlling the sheath blight disease of rice. However, rampant use of validamycin has resulted in emergence of fungicide resistance necessitating the search for newer fungicide molecules. Thus, molecular docking analysis was carried out to screen phytogenic compounds with high trehalase inhibitory effect. The 3-dimensional structure of the protein was generated by the Swissmodel using the sequence information available in UniProt database (entry no. L8WUM1). Eighteen compounds from plants previously reported to have antagonistic effect against R. solani were selected for the study. Molecular docking carried out by Autodock 4.2 showed that the compounds, Cycloartenol (-8.64), β-Sitosterol (-8.58), Nimbiol (-8.29), Nimbandiol (-7.32), Menthone (-7.31), Nimbin (-7.22) had high binding energies whereas validamycin had a binding energy of -4.08. Among these, Nimbiol, Nimbandiol, Menthone, Nimbin were obeying all the Tice rule criteria and appeared to be good fungicide candidates against R. solani.
Correlation Between Trace Elements In Maternal Blood During Early Pregnancy And Congenital Heart Defects In Offspring
Authors: Gu Jianli , Wu Guiqing , Dang Shaonong , Yao Feng , Jin Zhen , Zheng Zihan , Ren Lingxuan , Yang Jianjun , Chen Danli , Zhang Li , Lin Rong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Trace elements status plays an important role in the health of pregnant women and in the healthy development of their offspring. Recent evidence showed that associate between trace element levels in mid-and late-pregnancy and congenital heart defects (CHDs) in offspring. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the associations between concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mg), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in maternal blood during early pregnancy and CHDs in offspring. Methods: This hospital-based, case–control study included 181 cases and 218 controls from Shaanxi, China. Eligible pregnant women underwent routine prenatal examinations in the hospital. Maternal elbow venous blood draws were performed during gestational weeks 11-14 and were used to detect the levels of Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe, Pb, and Cd by the atomic absorption method. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations of each of the seven elements with risk for overall CHDs and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)/atrial septal defect (ASD)/ventricular septal defect (VSD) subtypes, adjusted for maternal age, parity, pregnancy complications, gestational age at birth weeks. We also conducted non-linear associations using restricted cubic spline models.Results: The median maternal blood levels of Zn, Fe, Pb and Cd of during early pregnancy in foetuses with the PDA/ASD/VSD subtypes were significantly different from those in the control group (all p < 0.001). The levels of Fe [OR, 3.684 (1.437); OR, 4.917 (1.786)] and Pb [OR, 1.026 (0.009); OR, 1.027 (0.008)] and Cd [OR, 1.643 (0.468); OR, 1.855 (0.503)], were associated with an increased risk for PDA/ASD/VSD subtypes, and that of Zn [OR, 0.944 (0.017); OR, 0.947(0.015)] was associated with a decreased risk. We observed non-linear dose–response associations between the levels of Fe, Pb, and Zn and the risk of PDA/ASD/VSD subtypes. ﻿Conclusions: This exploratory study determined that the levels of Pb during early pregnancy are associated with overall CHDs as well as ASD/VSD/PDA subtypes, however high Pb and Cd was associate with high risk of ASD/VSD/PDA subtypes, further confirming that there was is a nonlinear correlation.
Leucine supplementation affects metabolic parameters and redox balance in a Cushing’s syndrome model in rats
Authors: Borges Francisco Sávio Martins , de Sá Letícia Sousa , Santos Railson de Sousa , Miranda Brenda Caroline Rodrigues , Lima João Orlando Piauilino Ferreira , Prado Johan Jardel Mesquita , Braz Amanda Ferraz , Barbosa Amanda Marreiro , Mello-Neto Renato Sampaio , Vasconcelos Luiz Henrique César , Brito Aline de Freitas , Torres-Leal Francisco Leonardo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a disease that promotes several metabolic disorders and redox imbalance. Thus, in this paper, we standardized an experimental model of CS in rats and evaluated the effects of supplementation with leucine (LEU). Rats were injected intraperitoneally with dexamethasone (0.4; 0.6; 0.8; and 1.0 mg/kg) 4x/wk. for four weeks. The effects of LEU supplementation (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% v/v in water to drink) were also evaluated. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of metabolic and redox parameters by biochemical and molecular assays defined the severity of the disease. Dexamethasone 1.0 mg/kg promoted the most severe symptoms of CS: such as weight loss, adiposity increase, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, as well as an increase in oxidative status in the liver. Moreover, LEU promoted a pattern of mixed dyslipidemia, adiposity increase, and raised serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Likewise, it increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and decreased the CAT mRNA in the liver, while it reduced NADPH oxidase (NOX) mRNA. Supplementation with LEU worsens metabolic status and liver damage in rats with CS without an evident antioxidant potential, suggesting that the administration of LEU represents a risky strategy to patients suffering from CS.
Colostrum Feeding And Complications Faced Post Caesarean Delivery: A Propensity Score Matching Approach
Authors: Aditi Aditi , Jaiswal Ajit Kumar , Singh S.K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: In previous decade, the rate of caesarean section has increased disproportionately in India. Breastfeeding in an hour post birth i.e. Colostrum feeding has benefits associated to both mother as well as child. Cesarean delivery is one of the most remarkable risk factor for postpartum infection. The infection can be there in the uterus or vagina and can be accompanied by fever, sepsis etc. Both these aspects in the periphery of C-section need to be thrown a light because these are proximately affecting maternal health. This paper aims to examine the colostrum feeding practices of mothers giving birth via C-section and the difference that exists between C-section and normal delivery on post-natal complications or intrication faced by women. Method: The study used data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) acquired in India, i.e., the fourth round of National Family and Health Survey (2015-16). Bivariate and multivariate has been carried out to know the difference in prevalence of colostrum feeding among mothers who have delivered by C-section and those who delivered normally. Propensity score matching (PSM) has been used in the study; it helped us to find an effective strategy for controlling the confounding influence of post-natal complications faced among caesarean and normal delivery mothers. Results: It is found, among the unmatched treatment group i.e., mothers delivered under caesarean section, the prevalence of post-natal complications is around 24%, and the same for control group i.e. those who delivered normally is 18%. After matching, the value of ATT is around 24% in treatment group and 17.4 in control group. Conclusion: Study concluded that women who delivered via C-section actually had lower prevalence of feeding colostrum to the new born in comparison to those who delivered normally. Results of PSM analysis also showed that post-natal complications faced by women who delivered normally were higher than those who delivered via C-section.
Toll-like Receptor 4 Antagonist Restores Vulnerability of Drug-Tolerant Tumor Cells and Prevents Breast Cancer Metastasis and Post-Surgical Relapse
Authors: Wang Mou , Wang Yuejing , Liu Renhe , Yu Ruilian , Gong Tao , Zhang Zhi-Rong , Fu Yao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Non-mutational mechanisms were recently discovered leading to reversible drug tolerance. Despite the rapid elimination of majority tumor cells, a small sub-population of ‘‘drug-tolerant’’ cells remain viable with lethal drug exposure, which may further lead to resistance or tumor relapse. Several signaling pathways are involved in the local or systemic inflammatory responses contributing to drug-induced phenotypic switch.Results: In this study, we report Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)-interacting lipid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) restores the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin (DOX) in the lipopolysaccharide-treated breast tumor cell line 4T1, preventing the phenotypic switch to drug-tolerant cells, which significantly reduces primary tumor growth and lung metastasis in both 4T1 orthotopic and experimental metastasis models. Importantly, DHA in combination with DOX delays and inhibits tumor recurrence following surgical removal of the primary tumor. Furthermore, coencapsulation of DHA and DOX in a nanoemulsion significantly prolongs the survival of mice in the postsurgical 4T1 tumor relapse model with significantly reduced systemic toxicity. Conclusions: The synergistic antitumor, anti-metastasis and anti-recurrence effects of DHA plus DOX combination is likely mediated by attenuating TLR4 activation thus sensitizing tumor cells to standard chemotherapy.
Effects of the Ratio of Autologous Bone Graft Area in TLIF on the Fusion Rate
Authors: sun yunxin , shao liwei , liu xiaoyu , ren shihao , ren shihao , sun yifu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveThe overarching goal of our research was to investigate different autologous bone graft area ratios in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and to evaluate the effects on the interbody fusion rate to determine the optimal range of autologous bone graft area and the volume needed.MethodsThe radiological and clinical score data of 57 patients were analysed. According to the ratio (Sa/Se) of the average autologous bone graft area (Sa) to the average endplate area (Se), patients were classified into three groups: group A (Sa/Se)<19%, n=20), group B (19%≤H/Hm≤25%, n=19), and group C (Sa/Se >25%, n=18).ResultsOur data demonstrated that the intervertebral space height increased after the operation in the three groups (all P <0.05). The final intervertebral space was different between two groups (Band C) and group A. The fusion rate at six months showed significant changes between groups B and C and group A. The fusion rate at one-year showed no significant changes between three groups.The VAS and JOA scores improved markedly in all groups postoperatively. ConclusionIn our study, an autologous bone area ratio of more than 19% achieved a better fusion prognosis, but the increase in the fusion rate did not significantly improve when the average bone area ratio of the intervertebral space exceeded 25%. After further conversion of bone volume in the study, it was concluded that the required bone graft volume ranged from 2.9 ml to 4.3 ml.
What's The Next Era Of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Of Renal Cell Carcinoma In Clinical Practice: An Evidence From Extended Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Yin Zhenjie , Zhu Lifeng , You Bingyong , Sun Yingming , Zhao Yu , Bai Yuanyuan , Chen Daoxun , Chen Yongmei , Liao Shangfan , Lu Dongming , Zhang Fabiao , Wu Yongyang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To use bibliometric analysis to articles regarding RCC treating by ICIs, extended analysis effect, and safety of enrolled paper to interpret the current situation and future trend of clinical trials. Methods: We searched in the WoSCC Database on May 30, 2021. Articles were ranked in descending order based on their total citations. Also, we investigated the uncovered trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov to analyze the trend of the future of ICI treatment. Results: The top 30 most cited articles were identified and analyzed. The most productive year was 2020, with 12 articles published. The USA and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center were the most effective country and institutions. The 15 journals contributed to these articles, and the top five keywords were survival, therapy, nivolumab, everolimus, and immunotherapy. The 13 original articles registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: monotherapy was 38.5% and combined therapy was 61.5%. The ORR of monotherapy and combined therapy was 24.05% vs 49.03% (P< 0.001). The mPFS of monotherapy was shorter than combined therapy (4.01 mo vs 14.51 mo, P< 0.001). The incidence of grade 3/4 adverse events in single-agent was significantly lower than combined therapy (19.76% vs 59.38%, P< 0.001). 91 grey data were extracted from ClinicalTrials.gov, which included single-agent (11%) and combination therapy (89%). Conclusions: Although the side effect is unfavorable, the combined therapy will replace the single-agent ICI treatment in the future clinical trial design. The effect of treatment based on PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 has almost reached the bottleneck, the scientist should focus on new targets of checkpoints in clinical research.