bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-transcriptomics reveals potential virus transfer between Aedes communis mosquitoes and their parasitic water mites
Authors: Ortiz-Baez Ayda Susana , Holmes Edward C , Charon Justine , Pettersson John H-O , Hesson Jenny C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Arthropods harbor a largely undocumented diversity of RNA viruses. Some arthropods, like mosquitoes, can transmit viruses to vertebrates but are themselves parasitized by other arthropod species, such as mites. Very little is known about the viruses of these ectoparasites and how they move through the host–parasite relationship. To address this, we determined the virome of both mosquitoes and the mites that feed on them. The mosquito Aedes communis is an abundant and widely distributed species in Sweden, in northern Europe. These dipterans are commonly parasitized by water mite larvae (Trombidiformes: Mideopsidae) that are hypothesized to impose negative selection pressures on the mosquito by reducing fitness. In turn, viruses are dual-host agents in the mosquito–mite interaction. We determined the RNA virus diversity of mite-free and mite-detached mosquitoes, as well as their parasitic mites, using meta-transcriptomic sequencing. Our results revealed an extensive RNA virus diversity in both mites and mosquitoes, including thirty-seven putative novel RNA viruses that cover a wide taxonomic range. Notably, a high proportion of viruses (20/37) were shared between mites and mosquitoes, while a limited number of viruses were present in a single host. Comparisons of virus composition and abundance suggest potential virus transfer between mosquitoes and mites during their symbiotic interaction. These findings shed light on virome diversity and ecology in the context of arthropod host–parasite–virus relationships.
Strain on the ICU resources and patient outcomes in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Stattin Karl , Frithiof Robert , Hultström Michael , Lipcsey Miklos , Kawati Rafael 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an unprecedented strain on the ICU resources. It is not known how the ICU resources employed in treating COVID-19 patients are related to inpatient characteristics, use of organ support or mortality.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate how the use of ICU resources relate to use of organ support and mortality in COVID-19 patients.

DESIGN
A national register-based cohort study.

SETTING
All Swedish ICUs from March 2020 to November 2021.

PATIENTS
All patients admitted to Swedish ICUs with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 reported to the national Swedish Intensive Care Register (SIR).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Organ support (mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, high-flow oxygen therapy, prone positioning, surgical and percutaneous tracheostomy, central venous catheterisation, continuous renal replacement therapy and intermittent haemodialysis), discharge at night, re-admission, transfer and ICU and 30-day mortality.

RESULTS
Seven thousand nine hundred and sixty-nine patients had a median age of 63 years, and 70% were men. Median daily census was 167% of habitual census, daily new admissions were 20% of habitual census and the median occupancy was 82%. Census and new admissions were associated with mechanical ventilation, OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.48) and OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.84), respectively, but negatively associated with noninvasive ventilation, OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.89) and OR 0.40 (95% CI 0.30 to 52) and high-flow oxygen therapy, OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.77) and OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.97). Occupancy above 90% of available beds was not associated with mechanical ventilation or noninvasive ventilation, but with high-flow oxygen therapy, OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.53). All measures of pressure on resources were associated with transfer to other hospitals, but none were associated with discharge at night, ICU mortality or 30-day mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
Pressure on ICU resources was associated with more invasive respiratory support, indicating that during these times, ICU resources were reserved for sicker patients.
YINDARA-4 Relieves Visceral Hypersensitivity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats via Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Serotonin Levels
Authors: Ling Yaqin , Ding Ling , Tian Zhigang , Pei Lingpeng , Wu Enqi 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
The present study aims to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of YINDARA-4 in improving the symptoms of IBS in a rat model and investigate the impact of YINDARA-4 on potential targets of IBS management, such as the serotonin level in intestinal tissues and the structure and composition of the gut microbiota.

Methods:
We developed an IBS rat model by combining stress from maternal separation, acetic acid administration, and restraint. We administered YINDARA-4 water extract to the IBS rat model for 10 consecutive days. The fecal water content, visceral sensitivity, gut microbiota, and serotonin levels in the colonic tissue were then analyzed and compared between the control group, IBS model group, and YINDARA-4 treated groups.

Results:
Treatment with YINDARA-4 reversed visceral hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner in the experimental rat model of IBS. The relief of visceral hypersensitivity upon treatment with YINDARA-4 involved regulation of the gut microbiota structure and composition, and normalization of elevated serotonin levels in the colon. The decrease in colonic serotonin levels with YINDARA-4 treatment might be associated with a reduction in the abundance of Helicobacter and enrichment of Butyricimonas.

Conclusion:
Treatment with YINDARA-4 was beneficial against visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of IBS. The improved symptoms exhibited in IBS rats were associated with favorably altered gut microbiota and normalization of serotonin levels in the colon.
The Doula Model in American Health Care in the 21st Century
Authors: Lentz Judy 
Published: September 2022

The doula model has been used in American health care for the past 50 years. The model dates back to biblical times—a woman who serves—the model that has passed the test of time. American women sought to improve the birthing experience in the mid-70s, and the doula model used in England was incorporated into American obstetrical care to respond to this need.
With the turn of the 21st century, providing greater comfort to the dying became the focus. The birth doula model became the template. During the next 2 decades, other types of doulas—comfort doulas, delirium doulas, hospice doulas, end-of-life doulas, death doulas, and palliative care doulas—evolved. This model has provided companionship, comfort, support, advocacy, and education for many individuals and loved ones who are experiencing serious illnesses.
Doulas have access to educational training and certification; however, standardization of registration, education, and/or certification has been sporadic and inconsistent. Many doulas are volunteers, and yet, many others are paid for their services. The variations in service, type, reimbursement, and roles make this model less attractive, and yet, the values of cost-effectiveness, care satisfaction, and guidance through the difficult medical experience justify further consideration in future research.
Therapeutic Targeting of FGFR Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Wang Zechen , Anderson Karen S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide, with an annual incidence of 600,000 new cases. Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the overall survival for HNSCC patients has not been significantly improved over the past several decades. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genomic alterations are frequently detected in HNSCC, including amplification, activating mutation, and chromosomal rearrangement. Among them, FGFR1 amplification, FGF amplifications, and FGFR3 mutations are the most prevalent. In addition, FGF/FGFR expression has also been observed in most HNSCCs. However, the prognostic value of FGF/FGFR aberrations remains unclear, especially for gene amplification and overexpression. Nonetheless, FGF/FGFR has been a promising target for HNSCC treatment, and recent preclinical studies demonstrate the potential of the combination treatment regimens involving FGFR inhibitors on HNSCC. Therefore, there are a number of FGFR inhibitors currently in clinical trials for the treatment of head and neck cancers.
Suicidality Among People Living With HIV From 2010 to 2021: A Systematic Review and a Meta-regression
Authors: Tsai Yi-Tseng , Padmalatha Sriyani , Ku Han-Chang , Wu Yi-Lin , Yu Tsung , Chen Mu-Hong , Ko Nai-Ying 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
The association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS and suicidality is not well understood, partly because of variability in results. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the predictive value of HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome for incident suicidality.

Methods
A literature review was conducted of articles published between January 1, 2010, and October 31, 2021. The following databases were searched: Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search terms included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), suicidal behavior, auto mutilation, and self-injurious behavior. Observational studies were screened following a registered protocol, and eligible ones were meta-analyzed and followed by meta-regression.

Results
A total of 43 studies were included in this systematic review, and a meta-regression included 170,234 participants. The pooled prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and deaths by suicide were 22.3%, 9.6%, and 1.7%, respectively. The following significant risk factors for suicide ideation were found: substance use, depression, low quality of life, low social support, without HIV status disclosure, living alone, low level of memory problems, family history of suicide, and stage III of HIV. Risk factors for suicide attempts were depression and family history of suicide. An elevated risk for suicide-related death was found for people living with HIV (PLHIV) who had a psychiatric disorder and in studies conducted in hospital-based settings (versus national database studies or HIV clinic settings).

Conclusions
The risk of suicidality is high among PLHIV within all six World Health Organization regions during the modern antiretroviral therapy era. Assessment of socioeconomic and psychological factors is recommended for further management to prevent suicide among PLHIV. The present findings are useful for design of intervention protocols and development of clinical practice guidelines intended to manage the well-being of PLHIV worldwide.
Anterior Insula Activation during Cardiac Interoception Relates to Depressive Symptom Severity in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Post-Menopausal Women
Authors: McIntosh Roger C. , Lobo Judith D. , Reed Michael , Britton Jennifer C. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Determine whether subclinical symptoms of depression in post-menopausal women are associated with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity within the anterior insula during cardiac interoceptive awareness (IA) and whether this association differs for persons living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PWH).

Method
wenty-three postmenopausal (mean age = 56.5, SD = 4.8) and 27 HIV-negative women (mean age = 56.4, SD = 8.0), underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a heartbeat detection task. BOLD activation within the bilateral anterior insula based on the contrast of a heartbeat detection condition with and without a distracting tone were entered along with age, HIV status, and psychological stress into two multivariate regression models with self-reported depressive symptom severity as the outcome.

Results
Depressive symptoms did not vary by HIV status nor was there a main effect or interaction for PWH on insula BOLD activation. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with psychological stress for the left (β = 0.310, t(49) = 2.352, p = .023) and right brain models (β = 0.296, t(49) = 2.265, p = .028) as well as the magnitude of BOLD activation in the left insula (β = 0.290, t(49) = 2.218, p = .032) and right insula (β = 0.318, t(49) = 2.453, p = .018), respectively. Exploratory analyses revealed greater magnitude of BOLD activation attributed to exteroceptive noise (tone) was also correlated with self-reported distrust and preoccupation with interoceptive sensations.

Conclusion
Results support an active interference model for IA wherein greater BOLD signal in the anterior insula in the presence of distracting exteroceptive stimuli may reflect greater prediction error, a feature of depression.
miR-199a-5p regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of degenerative nucleus pulposus cells through the CDKN1B/NF-κB axis
Authors: Li Xiangxin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a multi-factorial pathological disease. miR-199a-5p is exceedingly implicated in regulating degenerative nucleus pulposus cell (DNPC). We explored the roles of miR-199a-5p in DNPCs. Cell morphology and Collagen II positive expression were observed. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and Bax and Bcl-2 levels were assessed. miR-199a-5p inhibitor, pcDNA3.1-CDKN1B or si-CDKN1B were transfected into DNPCs. miR-199a-5p and CDKN1B expressions were detected. The binding relationship between miR-199a-5p and CDKN1B was verified. DNPCs with silenced miR-199a-5p and CDKN1B were treated with PDTC. The NF-κB pathway-related protein levels were detected. DNPCs showed decreased proliferation and promoted apoptosis. miR-199a-5p was highly expressed in DNPCs. miR-199a-5p knockdown increased DNPC proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. CDKN1B was repressed in DNPCs. miR-199a-5p targeted CDKN1B. CDKN1B knockdown partially abrogated the effects of miR-199a-5p inhibition on DNPC proliferation and apoptosis. In DNPCs, p65 was translocated to the nucleus, IκB protein phosphorylation level were increased and the NF-κB pathway was activated. miR-199a-5p knockdown or CDKN1B overexpression repressed the NF-κB pathway activation, NF-κB pathway inhibitor promoted DNPC proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Briefly, miR-199a-5p was up-regulated in DNPCs. We discovered for the first time that miR-199a-5p silencing repressed the NF-κB pathway by promoting CDKN1B transcription, thus promoting DNPC proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis.
Disparities in the Effects of Acuity Circle–based Liver Allocation on Waitlist and Transplant Practice Between Centers
Authors: Nagai Shunji , Ivanics Tommy , Kitajima Toshihiro , Shimada Shingo , Shamaa Tayseer M. , Collins Kelly , Rizzari Michael , Yoshida Atsushi , Moonka Dilip , Abouljoud Marwan 
Published: September 2022

Background.
Liver allocation in the United States was updated on February 4, 2020, by introducing the acuity circle (AC)–based model. This study evaluated the early effects of the AC-based allocation on waitlist outcomes.

Methods.
Adult liver transplant (LT) candidates listed between January 1, 2019, and September 30, 2021, were assessed. Two periods were defined according to listing date (pre- and post-AC), and 90-d waitlist outcomes were compared. Median transplant Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score of each transplant center was calculated, with centers categorized as low- (<25 percentile), mid- (25–75 percentile), and high-MELD (>75 percentile) centers.

Results.
A total of 12 421 and 17 078 LT candidates in the pre- and post-AC eras were identified. Overall, the post-AC era was associated with higher cause-specific 90-d hazards of transplant (csHR, 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-1.38; P < 0.001) and waitlist mortality (cause-specific hazard ratio [csHR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.32; P < 0.001). The latter effect was primarily driven by high-MELD centers. Low-MELD centers had a higher proportion of donations after circulatory death (DCDs) used. Compared with low-MELD centers, mid-MELD and high-MELD centers had significantly lower cause-specific hazards of DCD-LT in both eras (mid-MELD: csHR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.38-0.59 in pre-AC and csHR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.46-0.67 in post-AC and high-MELD: csHR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.07-0.17 in pre-AC and csHR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.10-0.20 in post-AC; all P < 0.001). Using a structural Bayesian time-series model, the AC policy was associated with an increase in the actual monthly DCD-LTs in low-, mid-, and high-MELD centers (actual/predicted: low-MELD: 19/16; mid-MELD: 21/14; high-MELD: 4/3), whereas the increase in monthly donation after brain death–LTs were only present in mid- and high-MELD centers.

Conclusions.
Although AC-based allocation may improve waitlist outcomes, regional variation exists in the drivers of such outcomes between centers.
Astrocytes amplify neurovascular coupling to sustained activation of neocortex in awake mice
Authors: Institoris Adam , Vandal Milène , Peringod Govind , Catalano Christy , Tran Cam Ha , Yu Xinzhu , Visser Frank , Breiteneder Cheryl , Molina Leonardo , Khakh Baljit S. , Nguyen Minh Dang , Thompson Roger J. , Gordon Grant R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBrain requires increased local cerebral blood flow (CBF) for as long as necessary during neuronal activation to match O2and glucose supply with demand – termed functional hyperemia. Ca2+elevation in astrocytes can drive arteriole dilation to increase CBF, yet affirmative evidence for the necessity of astrocytes in functional hyperemiain vivois lacking. In awake and active mice, we discovered that functional hyperemia is bimodal with a distinct early and late component whereby arteriole dilation progresses as sensory stimulation is sustained. Clamping astrocyte Ca2+signalingin vivoby expressing a high-affinity plasma membrane Ca2+ATPase (CalEx) reduces sustained but not brief sensory-evoked arteriole dilation. Reciprocally, elevating astrocyte free Ca2+using chemogenetics selectively augments sustained but not brief hyperemia. Neither locomotion, arousal, nor changes in neuronal signaling account for the selective effect of astrocyte Ca2+on the late phase of the CBF response. Antagonizing NMDA-receptors or epoxyeicosatrienoic acid production reduces only the late component of functional hyperemia, leaving brief increases in CBF to sensory stimulation intact. We propose that a fundamental role of astrocyte Ca2+is to amplify functional hyperemia when neuronal activation is prolonged.
Structure-function coupling reveals seizure onset connectivity patterns
Authors: Maher Christina , D’Souza Arkiev , Barnett Michael , Kavehei Omid , Wang Chenyu , Nikpour Armin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe implications of combining structural and functional connectivity to quantify the most active brain regions in seizure onset remain unclear. We obtained structural connectomes from diffusion MRI (dMRI) and functional connectomes from electroencephalography (EEG) to assess whether high structure-function coupling corresponded with the seizure onset region. We mapped individual electrodes to their nearest cortical region to allow for a one-to-one comparison between the structural and functional connectomes. A seizure laterality score and expected onset zone were defined. The patients with well-lateralised seizures revealed high structure-function coupling consistent with the seizure onset zone. However, a lower seizure lateralisation score translated to reduced alignment between the high structure-function coupling regions and the seizure onset zone. This feasibility study tested a new model for incorporating dMRI in clinical practice. We illustrate that dMRI, in combination with EEG, can improve the identification of the seizure onset zone. Our model may be valuable in enhancing ultra-long-term monitoring by indicating optimal, individualised electrode placement.
Excess death estimates from multiverse analysis in 2009-2021
Authors: Levitt Michael , Zonta Francesco , Ioannidis John P.A. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTExcess death estimates have great value in public health, but they can be sensitive to analytical choices. Here we propose a multiverse analysis approach that considers all possible different time periods for defining the reference baseline and a range of 1 to 4 years for the projected time period for which excess deaths are calculated. We used data from the Human Mortality Database on 33 countries with detailed age-stratified death information on an annual basis during the period 2009-2021. The use of different time periods for reference baseline led to large variability in the absolute magnitude of the exact excess death estimates. However, the relative ranking of different countries compared to others for specific years remained largely unaltered. The relative ranking of different years for the specific country was also largely independent of baseline. Averaging across all possible analyses, distinct time patterns were discerned across different countries. Countries had declines between 2009 and 2019, but the steepness of the decline varied markedly. There were also large differences across countries on whether the COVID-19 pandemic years 2020-2021 resulted in an increase of excess deaths and by how much. Consideration of longer projected time windows resulted in substantial shrinking of the excess deaths in many, but not all countries. Multiverse analysis of excess deaths over long periods of interest can offer a more unbiased approach to understand comparative mortality trends across different countries, the range of uncertainty around estimates, and the nature of observed mortality peaks.
Land use influences human mental and respiratory health in a conservation priority area in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Matteus Carvalho , Massara Rodrigo Lima , de Ávila Chaves Marcelo , Fernandes Mota Bruno Eduardo , Guimarães Rodrigues Flávio Henrique 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman activities generate negative environmental impacts that can compromise ecological processes and ecosystem services and thus, influence human health. We assessed how natural and altered areas affect human respiratory and mental health in one of the largest mining provinces in the world, the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF), in southeastern Brazil. We used a model selection approach to evaluate socioeconomic and environmental factors that would influence hospitalization rates for mental and behavioral disorders, as well as for respiratory diseases in 22 municipalities in QF. Municipalities with higher rates of urbanization had higher rates of hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders. Conversely, the adult population (15-59 years old) of both gender and the elderly female population (60 years old or more) presented lower rates of hospitalization for respiratory diseases in municipalities with a higher rate of urbanization, suggesting a greater ease of access to prophylactic measures of the population located in these municipalities compared to those with a lower rate of urbanization. Municipalities with larger urban forest areas had lower rates of hospitalization for respiratory diseases in the young (0-14 years) female population, while municipalities with larger mining areas had higher rates. The elderly male population (60 years or older) also had higher rates of hospitalization for respiratory diseases in municipalities with larger mining areas. Our findings show important ecosystem services provided by urban forests and highlight impacts on health, in different segments of the population, due to anthropogenic changes in the landscape.HighlightsWe present a multiscale method to determine factors that influence human health.Demographic groups are differently influenced by socio-environmental variables.Urbanization rate is associated with worse mental health of human population.Forest in urban areas is associated with better respiratory health for children.Mining is associated with worse respiratory health for children and elderly.Graphical Abstract