bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Exogenous Treatment with Nitric Oxide (NO) on Redox Homeostasis in Barley Seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.) Under Copper Stress
Authors: Ben Massoud Marouane , Kharbech Oussama , Mahjoubi Yathreb , Chaoui Abdelilah , Wingler Astrid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe protective mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating tolerance to Cu-induced toxicity in shoots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was studied. The experiment consisted of four treatments based on additions to basal nutrient solutions (BNS): control (CTR), Cu (200 µM), SNP (500 µM), and Cu (200 µM) + SNP (500 µM) over a period of 10 days. Treatment with Cu significantly reduced seedling growth and photosynthetic efficiency concomitant with an increase in reactive oxygen species contents, lipid peroxidation markers, and antioxidant enzyme activities, indicating that Cu induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, growth inhibition of Cu-treated plants was associated with a reduction in photosynthetic pigments and maximum photosystem II efficiency as well as a strong decrease in levels of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA). Addition of a nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), to the growth medium alleviated Cu toxicity by decreasing Cu uptake and enhancing antioxidant capacity, as indicated by increased contents of GSH and AsA. The application of SNP decreased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by suppressing lipoxygenase activity and enhancing some antioxidant enzyme activities. The results obtained indicate the potential of exogenously applied SNP in the management of metal toxicity. Hence, NO generating compounds have potential agronomical applications when cultivating in contaminated areas. Our findings indicate that NO can alleviate Cu toxicity by affecting the antioxidant defense system and maintaining the glutathione-ascorbate cycle status, suggesting that SNP treatment protects proteins against oxidation by regulating the cellular redox homeostasis.
Visual recognition for urban traffic data retrieval and analysis in major events using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Pi Yalong , Duffield Nick , Behzadan Amir H. , Lomax Tim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccurate and prompt traffic data are necessary for the successful management of major events. Computer vision techniques, such as convolutional neural network (CNN) applied on video monitoring data, can provide a cost-efficient and timely alternative to traditional data collection and analysis methods. This paper presents a framework designed to take videos as input and output traffic volume counts and intersection turning patterns. This framework comprises a CNN model and an object tracking algorithm to detect and track vehicles in the camera’s pixel view first. Homographic projection then maps vehicle spatial-temporal information (including unique ID, location, and timestamp) onto an orthogonal real-scale map, from which the traffic counts and turns are computed. Several video data are manually labeled and compared with the framework output. The following results show a robust traffic volume count accuracy up to 96.91%. Moreover, this work investigates the performance influencing factors including lighting condition (over a 24-h-period), pixel size, and camera angle. Based on the analysis, it is suggested to place cameras such that detection pixel size is above 2343 and the view angle is below 22°, for more accurate counts. Next, previous and current traffic reports after Texas A&M home football games are compared with the framework output. Results suggest that the proposed framework is able to reproduce traffic volume change trends for different traffic directions. Lastly, this work also contributes a new intersection turning pattern, i.e., counts for each ingress-egress edge pair, with its optimization technique which result in an accuracy between 43% and 72%.
P.005 Ovarian resection in anti-NMDAr encephalitis
Authors: Iyengar Y , Hébert J , Climans SA , Wennberg RA , Tang-Wai DF 
Published: January 2022

Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
encephalitis (NMDArE) is commonly associated with ovarian teratomas,
surgical resection of which can lead to significant neurologic improvement.
However, the necessity of aggressive resection at the time of diagnosis is
unknown; specifically, whether unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy, versus
lesionectomy and partial oophorectomy (ovariotomy), is required.
Methods: Eleven patients with NMDArE who
underwent ovarian resection between January 1st 2012
and December 31st 2020 were retrospectively identified.
Primary outcome was good one-year functional status, defined as modified
Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1. Results: Median age
at encephalitis onset was 24 years (19–38); median delay from symptom onset
to surgery was 39 days (16–129). Six patients (54.5%) had good mRS scores,
unrelated to surgical resection type. Conclusions:
Added clinical benefit of aggressive ovarian resection techniques at
one-year follow-up was not identified in our data. Further longitudinal
studies are needed to determine the indications for different surgical
techniques in patients with NMDArE.
Ovarian resection approaches and associated functional
outcomes in patients with NMDArE
Cross-national data on informal caregivers of older people with long-term care needs in the European population: time for a more coordinated and comparable approach
Authors: Tur-Sinai Aviad , Teti Andrea , Rommel Alexander , Hlebec Valentina , Yghemonos Stecy , Lamura Giovanni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo promote long-term care policies for older adults, accurate mapping of the often invisible and insufficiently recognized role of their informal caregivers is needed. This paper measures the prevalence of informal caregivers in the European population, illustrates current difficulties in gathering unequivocal information on this topic and deals with the scientific and policy implications of the problem. Using the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS), the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) and the Study on Health and Ageing in Europe (SHARE), the current difficulties in gathering unequivocal information on this topic are illustrated. In most countries, the share of informal caregivers varies, sometimes markedly, among the three surveys. As for the sex of caregivers, while confirming the well-known higher prevalence of caregivers among women than among men, large variations emerge across the three surveys in most countries in respect of the two sexes. The takeaway message of the paper is that it is urgent to promote international concerted action in gathering comprehensive informal caregiving information and/or exploring in greater depth the different intercultural understandings of informal care itself.
A rare combination of post-ductal coarctation of the aorta and adjunct tortuous aneurysm: a neonate with Posterior fossa anomalies, Haemangiomas of the head and neck, Arterial, Cardiovascular, and Eye anomalies and ventral developmental defect syndrome
Authors: Mori Otohime , Fujiwara Keiichi , Sakazaki Hisanori 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 4-day-old girl with Posterior fossa anomalies, Haemangiomas of the head and neck, Arterial, Cardiovascular, and Eye anomalies and ventral developmental defect syndrome comprising a facial haemangioma, aortic coarctation at the aortic arch, torturous aortic aneurysm distal to coarctation, and ductus arteriosus originating proximal to the coarctation is presented. The aortic arch was successfully reconstructed without cardiopulmonary bypass, and she is currently doing well after 4 years and 8 months.
GYSIN TRIANGLES IN THE CATEGORY OF MOTIFS WITH MODULUS
Authors: Matsumoto Keiho 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, we study a Gysin triangle in the category of motives with modulus (Theorem 1.2). We can understand this Gysin triangle as a motivic lift of the Gysin triangle of log-crystalline cohomology due to Nakkajima and Shiho. After that we compare motives with modulus and Voevodsky motives (Corollary 1.6). The corollary implies that an object in$\operatorname {\mathbf {MDM}^{\operatorname {eff}}}$decomposes into ap-torsion part and a Voevodsky motive part. We can understand the corollary as a motivic analogue of the relationship between rigid cohomology and log-crystalline cohomology.
Design and implementation of compact tri- and quad-band SIW power divider using modified circular complementary split-ring resonators
Authors: Duraisamy Tharani , Kamakshy Selvajyothi , Sholampettai Subramanian Karthikeyan , Barik Rusan Kumar , Cheng Qingsha S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a miniaturized tri- and quad-band power divider (PD)based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). By adopting different types of modified circular complementary split-ring resonators on the top surface of SIW, multiple passbands are generated propagating below the SIW cut-off frequency. The working principle is based on evanescent mode propagation that decreases the operating frequency of the PD and helps in the miniaturization of the proposed structure. The operating frequency of the proposed PD can be individually controlled by changing the dimensions of the resonator. To verify the proposed concept, a tri-band and a quad-band PD exhibiting 3 dB equal power division at 2.41/3.46/4.65 GHz and 2.42/3.78/4.74/5.8 GHz are designed using the full-wave simulator, validated through circuit model, fabricated and experimentally verified. The measured results agree well with the simulations. The proposed PDs have good performance in terms of reasonable insertion loss, isolation, minimum amplitude and phase imbalance, smaller footprint, easy fabrication and integration. The size of the fabricated prototype is 18.3 mm × 8.4 mm, which corresponds to 0.205λg × 0.094λg, λg being the guided wavelength at the first operating frequency.
The Goldilocks Zone in Cooling Demand: What Can We Do Better?
Authors: Maia‐Silva Debora , Kumar Rohini , Nateghi Roshanak 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe higher frequency and intensity of sustained heat events have increased the demand for cooling energy across the globe. Current estimates of summer‐time energy demand are primarily based on Cooling Degree Days (CDD), representing the number of degrees a day's average temperature exceeds a predetermined comfort zone temperature. Through a comprehensive analysis of the historical energy demand data across the USA, we show that the commonly used CDD estimates fall significantly short (±25%) of capturing regional thermal comfort levels. Moreover, given the increasingly compelling evidence that air temperature alone is not sufficient for characterizing human thermal comfort, we extend the widely used CDD calculation to heat index, which accounts for both air temperature and humidity. Our results indicate significant mis‐estimation of regional thermal comfort when humidity is ignored. Our findings have significant implications for the security, sustainability, and resilience of the grid under climate change.
The Impact of Assimilating COSMIC‐2 Observations of Electron Density in WACCMX
Authors: Pedatella N. M. , Anderson J. L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the impact of assimilating electron density profiles from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate‐2 (COSMIC‐2) mission in a whole atmosphere data assimilation system. The observations are assimilated into the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCMX) using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) ensemble adjustment Kalman filter. Assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 electron density profiles during the evaluation time period of 25–30 April 2020 leads to improvement in both the 1 hr forecast and analysis electron densities in WACCMX + DART. Compared to a control experiment that does not assimilate COSMIC‐2 observations, the assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 electron density profiles reduces the 1 hr forecast root mean square error (RMSE) and bias with respect to COSMIC‐2 observations at 300 km by 6.76% and 24.91%, respectively. Assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 electron density profiles does not significantly influence the RMSE and bias with respect to ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System vertical total electron content observations. The equatorial vertical plasma drift velocity in WACCMX + DART is changed by ±5–10 ms−1 due to the assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 electron density profiles, indicating that the model representation of the electrodynamics of the low latitude ionosphere are significantly impacted by the assimilation of COSMIC‐2 observations.
Strong Upper‐Plate Heterogeneity at the Hikurangi Subduction Margin (North Island, New Zealand) Imaged by Adjoint Tomography
Authors: Chow Bryant , Kaneko Yoshihiro , Tape Carl , Modrak Ryan , Mortimer Nick , Bannister Stephen , Townend John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe use earthquake‐based adjoint tomography to invert for three‐dimensional structure of the North Island, New Zealand, and the adjacent Hikurangi subduction zone. The study area, having a shallow depth to the plate interface below the North Island, offers a rare opportunity for imaging material properties at an active subduction zone using land‐based measurements. Starting from an initial model derived using ray tomography, we perform iterative model updates using spectral element and adjoint simulations to fit waveforms with periods ranging from 4–30 s. We perform 28 model updates using an L‐BFGS optimization algorithm, improving data fit and introducing P‐ and S‐wave velocity changes of up to ±30%. Resolution analysis using point spread functions show that our measurements are most sensitive to heterogeneities in the upper 30 km. The most striking velocity changes coincide with areas related to the active Hikurangi subduction zone. Lateral velocity structures in the upper 5 km correlate well with New Zealand geology. The inversion reveals increased along‐strike heterogeneity on the margin. In Cook Strait we observe a low‐velocity zone interpreted as deep sedimentary basins. In the central North Island, low‐velocity anomalies are linked to surface geology, and we relate velocity structures at depth to crustal magmatic activity below the Taupō Volcanic Zone. Our velocity model provides more accurate synthetic seismograms with respect to the initial model, better constrains small (50 km), shallow (15 km) and near‐offshore velocity structures, and improves our understanding of volcanic and tectonic structures related to the active Hikurangi subduction zone.
Solar Rotation Effects in Martian Thermospheric Density as Revealed by Five Years of MAVEN Observations
Authors: Hughes Joseph , Gasperini Federico , Forbes Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe quasi‐periodic 27‐day solar rotation variation in extreme ultraviolet radiation represents the most prominent source of short‐term (40‐day) solar‐driven variability in Mars' thermosphere (ca. 125–250 km). Despite recent advances in our understanding of solar‐driven variations in Mars' thermosphere density and composition associated with solar flares, orbital eccentricity, and solar cycle afforded by new Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations, relatively little is known about this response to short‐term periodic solar flux variability. This work presents a detailed investigation of the solar rotation effects on the whole Martian thermosphere by applying correlation analysis techniques to over five years of coincident MAVEN Neutral Gas and Ion Spectrometer and Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor observations. Least squares methods are used to estimate the response of , Ar, and densities to the quasi‐27‐day solar rotation variability over the 0–7 nm, 17–22 nm, 0–45 nm, and 117–125 nm spectral bands. Results clearly reveal the presence of prominent solar rotation effects in the Martian thermosphere density for all species, irradiance bands, and altitudes. These effects are strongest at higher altitudes (200–250 km), while the dependence of the slope on solar zenith angle depends on the species, with having a higher slope on the nightside, Ar having a higher slope on the dayside, and having a different behavior depending on altitude.
Bluecat: A Local Uncertainty Estimator for Deterministic Simulations and Predictions
Authors: Koutsoyiannis D. , Montanari A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present a new method for simulating and predicting hydrologic variables with uncertainty assessment and provide example applications to river flows. The method is identified with the acronym “Bluecat” and is based on the use of a deterministic model which is subsequently converted to a stochastic formulation. The latter provides an adjustment on statistical basis of the deterministic prediction along with its confidence limits. The distinguishing features of the proposed approach are the ability to infer the probability distribution of the prediction without requiring strong hypotheses on the statistical characterization of the prediction error (e.g., normality, homoscedasticity), and its transparent and intuitive use of the observations. Bluecat makes use of a rigorous theory to estimate the probability distribution of the predictand conditioned by the deterministic model output, by inferring the conditional statistics of observations. Therefore Bluecat bridges the gaps between deterministic (possibly physically based, or deep learning‐based) and stochastic models, as well as between rigorous theory and transparent use of data with an innovative and user oriented approach. We present two examples of application to the case studies of the Arno river at Subbiano and Sieve river at Fornacina. The results confirm the distinguishing features of the method along with its technical soundness. We provide an open software working in the R environment, along with help facilities and detailed instructions to reproduce the case studies presented here.
Systematic review of the changes in the microbiome following spinal cord injury: animal and human evidence
Authors: Valido Ezra , Bertolo Alessandro , Fränkl Gion Philip , Itodo Oche Adam , Pinheiro Tainá , Pannek Jürgen , Kopp-Heim Doris , Glisic Marija , Stoyanov Jivko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Study design
Systematic review.

Objectives
To investigate the changes in the microbiome among human and animal populations with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods
Four databases (EMBASE, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Trials (CENTRAL)) and Google Scholar were searched. No language restrictions were applied. Data extraction was done in parallel and independently by two reviewers. The search was last conducted on 07 April 2021.

Results
There were 6869 studies retrieved, 43 full-text studies reviewed, and 19 studies included. There were seven animal gut studies, six human gut studies, and six urinary tract studies identified. There were no publications found on other body sites. Among the included studies, we observed a consistent and significant difference in gut microbiome composition between populations with SCI and able-bodied populations. This is characterized by a decrease in beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria (Faecalbacterium, Megamonas, Roseburia) and an increase in inflammation-associated bacteria (Alistipes, Anaerotruncus, and Lachnoclostridium). On the other hand, the urine of individuals with SCI was polymicrobial and members of Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) were frequently observed. Probiotics were shown to induce a significant but transient shift in the urinary tract microbiome. The studies had low to moderate risks of bias.

Conclusions
There are limited studies on the changes in microbiome among SCI populations. The gut microbiome was characterized by bacterial profiles associated with chronic inflammation and metabolic disorder while the studies of the urinary tract microbiome show the dominance of bacterial genera associated with urinary tract infection.
Amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease pathology by mitophagy inducers identified via machine learning and a cross-species workflow
Authors: Xie Chenglong , Zhuang Xu-Xu , Niu Zhangming , Ai Ruixue , Lautrup Sofie , Zheng Shuangjia , Jiang Yinghui , Han Ruiyu , Gupta Tanima Sen , Cao Shuqin , Lagartos-Donate Maria Jose , Cai Cui-Zan , Xie Li-Ming , Caponio Domenica , Wang Wen-Wen , Schmauck-Medina Tomas , Zhang Jianying , Wang He-ling , Lou Guofeng , Xiao Xianglu , Zheng Wenhua , Palikaras Konstantinos , Yang Guang , Caldwell Kim A. , Caldwell Guy A. , Shen Han-Ming , Nilsen Hilde , Lu Jia-Hong , Fang Evandro F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA reduced removal of dysfunctional mitochondria is common to aging and age-related neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Strategies for treating such impaired mitophagy would benefit from the identification of mitophagy modulators. Here we report the combined use of unsupervised machine learning (involving vector representations of molecular structures, pharmacophore fingerprinting and conformer fingerprinting) and a cross-species approach for the screening and experimental validation of new mitophagy-inducing compounds. From a library of naturally occurring compounds, the workflow allowed us to identify 18 small molecules, and among them two potent mitophagy inducers (Kaempferol and Rhapontigenin). In nematode and rodent models of AD, we show that both mitophagy inducers increased the survival and functionality of glutamatergic and cholinergic neurons, abrogated amyloid-β and tau pathologies, and improved the animals’ memory. Our findings suggest the existence of a conserved mechanism of memory loss across the AD models, this mechanism being mediated by defective mitophagy. The computational–experimental screening and validation workflow might help uncover potent mitophagy modulators that stimulate neuronal health and brain homeostasis.
Structural insights into inhibitor regulation of the DNA repair protein DNA-PKcs
Authors: Liang Shikang , Thomas Sherine E. , Chaplin Amanda K. , Hardwick Steven W. , Chirgadze Dimitri Y. , Blundell Tom L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) has a central role in non-homologous end joining, one of the two main pathways that detect and repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in humans1,2. DNA-PKcs is of great importance in repairing pathological DSBs, making DNA-PKcs inhibitors attractive therapeutic agents for cancer in combination with DSB-inducing radiotherapy and chemotherapy3. Many of the selective inhibitors of DNA-PKcs that have been developed exhibit potential as treatment for various cancers4. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human DNA-PKcs natively purified from HeLa cell nuclear extracts, in complex with adenosine-5′-(γ-thio)-triphosphate (ATPγS) and four inhibitors (wortmannin, NU7441, AZD7648 and M3814), including drug candidates undergoing clinical trials. The structures reveal molecular details of ATP binding at the active site before catalysis and provide insights into the modes of action and specificities of the competitive inhibitors. Of note, binding of the ligands causes movement of the PIKK regulatory domain (PRD), revealing a connection between the p-loop and PRD conformations. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and cryo-EM studies on the DNA-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme further show that ligand binding does not have a negative allosteric or inhibitory effect on assembly of the holoenzyme complex and that inhibitors function through direct competition with ATP. Overall, the structures described in this study should greatly assist future efforts in rational drug design targeting DNA-PKcs, demonstrating the potential of cryo-EM in structure-guided drug development for large and challenging targets.