bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Martian dust storms using mask regional convolutional neural networks
Authors: Alshehhi Rasha , Gebhardt Claus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMartian dust plays a crucial role in the meteorology and climate of the Martian atmosphere. It heats the atmosphere, enhances the atmospheric general circulation, and affects spacecraft instruments and operations. Compliant with that, studying dust is also essential for future human exploration. In this work, we present a method for the deep-learning-based detection of the areal extent of dust storms in Mars satellite imagery. We use a mask regional convolutional neural network, consisting of a regional-proposal network and a mask network. We apply the detection method to Mars daily global maps of the Mars global surveyor, Mars orbiter camera. We use center coordinates of dust storms from the eight-year Mars dust activity database as ground-truth to train and validate the method. The performance of the regional network is evaluated by the average precision score with $$50\%$$

50
%

overlap ($$mAP_{50}$$

m
A

P
50

), which is around $$62.1\%$$

62.1
%

.
Epidemiology of Astrovirus, Norovirus and Sapovirus in Greek pig farms indicates high prevalence of Mamastrovirus suggesting the potential need for systematic surveillance
Authors: Stamelou Efthymia , Giantsis Ioannis A. , Papageorgiou Konstantinos V. , Petridou Evanthia , Davidson Irit , Polizopοulou Zoe S. , Papa Anna , Kritas Spyridon K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Backround
Astrovirus, Norovirus and Sapovirus exhibit a wide distribution in swine pig herds worldwide. However, the association of porcine Astrovirus (PAstV), porcine Norovirus (PoNoV) and porcine Sapovirus (PoSaV) with disease in pigs remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of PAstV, PoNoV and PoSaV in Greek pig farms using both conventional RT-PCR and SYBR-Green Real-time RT-PCR in an effort to compare the sensitivity of the two methods. We examined 1400 stool samples of asymptomatic pigs originating from 28 swine farms throughout Greece in pools of five.

Results
PAstV was detected in all 28 swine farms examined, with an overall prevalence of 267/280 positive pools (95.4%). Porcine Caliciviruses prevalence was found at 36 and 57 out of the 280 examined samples, by the conventional and SYBR-Green Real time RT-PCR, respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the positive samples revealed that the detected PAstV sequences are clustered within PAstV1, 3 and 4 lineages, with PAstV3 being the predominant haplotype (91.2%). Interestingly, sequencing of the Calicivirus positive samples demonstrated the presence of non-target viruses, i.e. Sapovirus, Kobuvirus and Sapelovirus sequences and one sequence highly similar to bat Astrovirus, while no Norovirus sequence was detected.

Conclusions
The high prevalence of PAstV in Greek pig farms poses a necessity for further investigation of the pathogenicity of this virus and its inclusion in surveillance programs in case that it proves to be important. To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological study of these viruses in pig farms in Greece.
In vitro response of THP-1 derived macrophages to antimicrobially effective PHMB-coated Ti6Al4V alloy implant material with and without contamination with
S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa
Authors: Zwicker Paula , Schmidt Thomas , Hornschuh Melanie , Lode Holger , Kramer Axel , Müller Gerald 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aim

Periprosthetic joint infections are a devastating complication after arthroplasty, leading to rejection of the prosthesis. The prevention of septic loosening may be possible by an antimicrobial coating of the implant surface. Poly (hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride [PHMB] seems to be a suitable antiseptic agent for this purpose since previous studies revealed a low cytotoxicity and a long-lasting microbicidal effect of Ti6Al4V alloy coated with PHMB. To preclude an excessive activation of the immune system, possible inflammatory effects on macrophages upon contact with PHMB-coated surfaces alone and after killing of
S. epidermidis
and
P. aeruginosa
are analyzed.

Methods
THP-1 monocytes were differentiated to M0 macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and seeded onto Ti6Al4V surfaces coated with various amounts of PHMB. Next to microscopic immunofluorescence analysis of labeled macrophages after adhesion on the coated surface, measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species and analysis of cytokine secretion at different time points without and with previous bacterial contamination were conducted.

Results
No influence on morphology of macrophages and only slight increases in iROS generation were detected. The cytokine secretion pattern depends on the surface treatment procedure and the amount of adsorbed PHMB. The PHMB coating resulted in a high reduction of viable bacteria, resulting in no significant differences in cytokine secretion as reaction to coated surfaces with and without bacterial burden.

Conclusion

Ti6Al4V specimens after alkaline treatment followed by coating with 5–7 μg PHMB and specimens treated with H
2
O
2
before PHMB-coating (4 μg) had the smallest influence on the macrophage phienotype and thus are considered as the surface with the best cytocompatibility to macrophages tested in the present study.
Sexual Dimorphism in Small-intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Lower Prevalence of Mesenteric Disease in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Blažević Anela , Iyer Anand M , van Velthuysen Marie-Louise F , Hofland Johannes , Oudijk Lindsey , de Herder Wouter W , Hofland Leo J , Feelders Richard A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Context
Small-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) have a modest but significantly higher prevalence and worse prognosis in male patients.

Objective
This work aims to increase understanding of this sexual dimorphism in SI-NETs.

Patients and Methods
Retrospectively, SI-NET patients treated in a single tertiary center were included and analyzed for disease characteristics. Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2), progesterone receptor (PGR), and androgen receptor (AR) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was assessed in primary tumors and healthy intestine. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and AR protein expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in primary tumors and mesenteric metastases.

Results
Of the 559 patients, 47% were female. Mesenteric metastasis/fibrosis was more prevalent in men (71% / 46%) than women (58% / 37%; P = 0.001 and P = 0.027, respectively). In women, prevalence of mesenteric metastases increased gradually with age from 41.1% in women &lt;50 years to 71.7% in women &gt;70 years. Increased expression of ESR1 and AR mRNA was observed in primary tumors compared to healthy intestine (both P &lt; 0.001). ERα staining was observed in tumor cells and stroma with a strong correlation between tumor cells of primary tumors and mesenteric metastases (rho = 0.831, P = 0.02), but not in stroma (rho = −0.037, P = 0.91). AR expression was only found in stroma.

Conclusion
Sexual dimorphism in SI-NETs was most pronounced in mesenteric disease, and the risk of mesenteric metastasis in women increased around menopause. The combination of increased ERα and AR expression in the SI-NET microenvironment suggests a modulating role of sex steroids in the development of the characteristic SI-NET mesenteric metastasis and associated fibrosis.
Inflammation and Mortality in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Guo Jia , Lin Wen-Hsuan W , Zucker Jason E , Nandakumar Renu , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Wang Shuang , Shivakoti Rupak 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Context
COVID-19 mortality is increased in patients with diabetes. A common hypothesis is that the relationship of inflammation with COVID-19 mortality differs by diabetes status.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of inflammation with mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients and to assess if the relationship differs by strata of type 2 diabetes status.

Methods
A case-control (died-survived) study of 538 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, stratified by diabetes status, was conducted at Columbia University Irving Medical Center. We quantified the levels of 8 cytokines and chemokines in serum, including interferon (IFN)-α2, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, IFNγ-induced protein 10 (IP10)/CXCL10 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) using immunoassays. Logistic regression models were used to model the relationships of log-transformed inflammatory markers (or their principal components) and mortality.

Results
In multiple logistic regression models, higher serum levels of IL-6 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:1.74, 95% CI [1.48, 2.06]), IL-8 (aOR: 1.75 [1.41, 2.19]) and IP10 (aOR: 1.36 [1.24, 1.51]), were significantly associated with mortality. This association was also seen in second principal component with loadings reflecting similarities among these 3 markers (aOR: 1.88 [1.54-2.31]). Significant positive association of these same inflammatory markers with mortality was also observed within each strata of diabetes.

Conclusion
We show that mortality in COVID-19 patients is associated with elevated serum levels of innate inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and inflammatory chemokines IL-8 and IP10. This relationship is consistent across strata of diabetes, suggesting interventions targeting these innate immune pathways could potentially also benefit patients with diabetes.
Comprehensive Sex Steroid Profiling in Multiple Tissues Reveals Novel Insights in Sex Steroid Distribution in Male Mice
Authors: Colldén Hannah , Nilsson Maria E , Norlén Anna-Karin , Landin Andreas , Windahl Sara H , Wu Jianyao , Gustafsson Karin L , Poutanen Matti , Ryberg Henrik , Vandenput Liesbeth , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A comprehensive atlas of sex steroid distribution in multiple tissues is currently lacking, and how circulating and tissue sex steroid levels correlate remains unknown. Here, we adapted and validated a gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous measurement of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione, progesterone (Prog), estradiol, and estrone in mouse tissues. We then mapped the sex steroid pattern in 10 different endocrine, reproductive, and major body compartment tissues and serum of gonadal intact and orchiectomized (ORX) male mice. In gonadal intact males, high levels of DHT were observed in reproductive tissues, but also in white adipose tissue (WAT). A major part of the total body reservoir of androgens (T and DHT) and Prog was found in WAT. Serum levels of androgens and Prog were strongly correlated with corresponding levels in the brain while only modestly correlated with corresponding levels in WAT. After orchiectomy, the levels of the active androgens T and DHT decreased markedly while Prog levels in male reproductive tissues increased slightly. In ORX mice, Prog was by far the most abundant sex steroid, and, again, WAT constituted the major reservoir of Prog in the body. In conclusion, we present a comprehensive atlas of tissue and serum concentrations of sex hormones in male mice, revealing novel insights in sex steroid distribution. Brain sex steroid levels are well reflected by serum levels and WAT constitutes a large reservoir of sex steroids in male mice. In addition, Prog is the most abundant sex hormone in ORX mice.
Comparative study: International chain and local chain hotel COVID-19 readiness strategies in Indonesia
Authors: Alexandra Yoanita , Purnamaningsih Purnamaningsih , Choirisa Septi Fahmi 
Published: January 2022

The global hospitality and tourism industry has been severely impacted by the spread of COVID-19 and large-scale travel restrictions. Due to the nature of the crisis of COVID-19, Hotel businesses in Indonesia need to adapting many new strategies in response to the evolving circumstances. This study presents a comparative coronavirus readiness strategy at International Chain Hotel and Local Hotel in Indonesia and their impacts on hotel guests’ trust and satisfaction. The study used quantitative approaches by using an online survey to obtain data from a total of 400 participants. The data were collected from respondents that have been stayed in both the International Chain hotel or Local Chain Hotel in Indonesia during pandemics. The data collected is analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart PLS statistical software. The findings from this dataset show that both local and international hotel readiness had a significant effect on customer trust and satisfaction with COVID-19 readiness in the hotel industry.
Effect and mechanism of different excitation modes on the activities of the recycled brick micropowder
Authors: Yuan Chengfang , Wang Di , Setiawan Haris , Wei Yiran 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The recycled brick micropowder was formed after crushing and ball milling and waste clay bricks have great potential activity. It can replace some percentage of cement in the preparation of concrete through activation effects of excitation, and thus, reutilization of waste products is the objective of this study. This study analyzed the activation effects of mechanical excitation, chemical excitation, and high-temperature excitation on the activity of regenerated brick powder. The correlation between different excitation methods and the activity index was fitted, and the microstructure and mechanism of action of the material were analyzed and revealed using SEM and XRD techniques. The results show that after using mechanical excitation, chemical excitation, and high-temperature excitation to activate the brick powder, the activity index of the material was improved to varying degrees, and there is a good correlation between different excitation modes and the activity index. The study shows that the 45 min mechanical excitation of ball milling and the high-temperature excitation of 800 have better effects, with the highest activity index reaching 71%, and the highest activity index in the chemical excitation mode is 65%. Considering the excitation effect, energy consumption, economy, and practical operation feasibility, it is recommended to use the ball milling 45 min excitation method as the best activation method for the recycled brick micropowder.
An Analysis of Covid-19 Supply and Demand, and Impacts on the Post-Pandemic World
Authors: Han Alex 
Published: January 2022

Covid-19 has impacted the world in an unprecedented way. The astounding rate that Covid-19 spreads has made it a universal and ubiquitous threat, affecting every facet of our daily life, causing changes in behavioral characteristics among individuals, communities, and governments. Accordingly, there have been drastic changes in domestic markets, governmental policies, and decision-making processes in this environment in supply and demand. This paper reviews the current market situation facing Covid 19, economic sector’s responses so far and its impact on post-pandemic era. Covid-19 has been a warning sign that we have to do better. Although the world was unprepared for this global crisis, this could be an opportunity for governments and businesses to learn from the experience and harden up to do better under abrupt challenges that could arise in the future.
A Study of Noun Phrase Awareness at the Eighth Graders of Two Islamic Junior High Schools in Makassar
Authors: Syamsu Awaluddin 
Published: January 2022

Syntactic awareness has been linked to reading comprehension skills. In Junior high schools, syntactic awareness of noun phrases can be very important for the students in the Indonesian context because it can improve their reading comprehension. However, teaching noun phrases for the students can be challenging due to the grammar difference. The junior high school student’s noun phrase awareness was measured using a developed test. It consists of 28 questions with seven noun categories. The reliability test was conducted using KR-20 and the result was .90. The study indicated the average score of the students was 69.07 (fair). Of the seven noun phrases category, nominal possessors and conjoined noun phrases were good, prenominal possessors, multiple genitive constructs, alienable and inalienable possessions, and ad-positional phrases were fair, and nonreferential generative was weak. Referring to the result of the research, it is suggested to improve the student’s noun phrase awareness to enhance their reading comprehension.
Authors: Oktaviana Dela - 
Published: January 2022

Speaking is considered as one of the most important skills in learning a language. For language learners, the effectiveness of learning a language, especially speaking skill is not only from students but also from teachers. Teachers are supposed to have creativities in teaching speaking. In this case, teacher’s creativities is needed to ease students learn a language.
The purposes of this research are to reveal the English teacher’s creativities, methods, and activities in teaching speaking skill through online English learning at the 11th grade students of SMAN 77 Jakarta in the Academic Year of 2020/2021.
This research used a descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research were collected in three ways, including classroom observation, interview, and documentation. The collected data then analyzed using triangulation to check the validity. The research data were taken from the English teacher as the primary data sources and students as the secondary data sources from 11th grade teacher and students at SMAN 77 Jakarta
The research results show that; (1) The English teacher at SMAN 77 Jakarta had various creativities in teaching speaking through online learning, such as developing teaching materials, create interactive classroom environment, and playing various roles in the class (2) The teacher use creative teaching methods, such as ice-breaking, teaching speaking using song, videos, movies, and kahoot! based quizzes, (3) The teacher implement some activities in teaching speaking such as, dialogue, role-play, story-telling, debate, and card game.
Based on the results above, it can be concluded that to ease the students in learning English language, especially speaking skill, teacher should have various creativities related to the teaching methods and learning activities. The researcher suggests that teachers and students have to work together to support the implementation of creativities in teaching and learning processes, especially in learning speaking skill by implementing some creativities, various methods, and diverse activities.
Evaluasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Berbasis Kurikulum 2013 di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Fadila Amrizal , Budi Didik Rilastiyo , Listiandi Arfin Deri , Ngadiman Ngadiman , Festiawan Rifqi 
Published: January 2022

Kurikulum adalah program yang dijadikan pedoman untuk pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang berisi materi pelajaran agar tujuan pendidikan dapat tercapai. Kurikulum yang sedang diterapkan di Indonesia adalah Kuriukulum 2013. Mata pelajaran yang ada di dalam Kurikulum 2013 adalah Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan. Masalah yang timbul adalah guru belum menerapkan pembelajaran yang memacu keterlibatan aktif siswa, waktu pembelajaran tidak sesuai, sistem penilaian yang diterapkan belum sesuai standar Kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran PJOK Kurikulum 2013 di Kabupaten Banyumas Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survey. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu 26 guru dan 828 siswa SMA Sederajat. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil pelaksanaan pembelajaran PJOK pada aspek guru sebesar 85%, aspek siswa 82,8%, aspek pelaksanaan kompetensi inti 87,5%, aspek pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran 86,1%, aspek pelaksanaan penilaian 80,3%, aspek kegiatan pendahuluan 87,6%, aspek kegiatan inti 80,6%, dan aspek kegiatan penutup 76,6% .Kesimpulan berdasarkan analisis data menunjukkan pelaksanaan pembelajaran PJOK Kurikulum 2013 di Kabupaten Banyumas masuk kategori baik. penelitian selanjutnya perlu mengidentifikasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran penjas di jenjang Pendidikan yang berbeda, atau membandingkan metode evaluasi yang digunakan
Pengaruh Latihan Acceleration Sprints dan In-out Sprint Terhadap Kecepatan
Authors: Setiawan Wawan , Sanjaya I Made Rajat , Setyaningsih Puji 
Published: January 2022

Latihan kondisi fisik khususnya kecepatan sangat dibutuhkan oleh seorang atlet, karena kecepatan merupakan komponen kondisi fisik yang sangat penting untuk menunjang keberhasilan di dalam sebagian besar cabang olahraga. Latihan yang dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kecepatan dan kelincahan adalah latihan acceleration sprints dan in-out sprint. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis tentang: (1) pengaruh latihan acceleration sprints terhadap kecepatan, (2) pengaruh latihan in-out sprint terhadap kecepatan, dan (3) perbedaan besar pengaruh latihan acceleration sprints dan in-out sprint terhadap kecepatan. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa putra semester IV angkatan 2014, Jurusan Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi, Fakultas Olahraga dan Kesehatan, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Singaraja dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 36 orang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen semu.Proses pengambilan data dilakukan dengan tes kecepatan(lari sprint 30 meter) pada saat pretest dan posttest. Selanjutnya data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan bantuan SPSS seri 21.0. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut : (1) latihan acceleration sprints berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kecepatan. (2) latihan in-out sprint berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kecepatan. (3) Tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antara latihan acceleration sprints dan latihan in-out sprint terhadap kecepatan. Berdasarkan analisis data tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan acceleration sprints dan in-out sprint berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecepatan
Mental Imagery: Motivasi Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani
Authors: Agustan Boby , Rojikin Muhamad 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi kurangnya motivasi siswa dalam menampilkan performa pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa pada pembelajaran penjas melalui metode latihan mental imagery. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang dilaksanakan selama 4 minggu dengan intensitas pertemuan satu kali dalam seminggu, total ada 8 kali pertemuan, pada bulan Mei – Juni 2021. Sampel didapat melalui total sampling sebanyak 19 siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui pretest dan postest. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS menggunakan uji T. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latihan mental imagery sangat cocok diterapkan pada siswa karena dengan metode latihan mental imagery motivasi belajar siswa dapat meningkat. Karena dengan program latihan mental imagery siswa dapat mengeluarkan kemampuan terbaik. Siswa dapat membayangkan idolanya dalam menampilkan performa saat proses belajar berlangsung. Kesimpulan bahwa metode latihan mental imagery dapat meningkatkan mental siswa sehingga siswa dapat mengeluarkan kemampuan terbaiknya. Pada metode Latihan mental imagery terbukti dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Dengan latihan imagery siswa dapat lebih banyak cara belajar dengan mengandalkan metode lain yaitu dari aspek psikologi