bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia Care for Cataract Surgery in Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Perumal Dhivya , Dudley R. Adams , Gan Siqi , Boscardin W. John , Gill Aditya , Gelb Adrian W. , Lee Sei J. , Chen Catherine L. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceCataract surgery in the US is routinely performed with anesthesia care, whereas anesthesia care for other elective, low-risk, outpatient procedures is applied more selectively.ObjectiveTo identify predictors of anesthesia care in Medicare beneficiaries undergoing cataract surgery and evaluate anesthesia care for cataract surgery compared with other elective, low-risk, outpatient procedures.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based, retrospective observational cohort study included Medicare beneficiaries 66 years or older who underwent cataract surgery in 2017. The data were analyzed from August 2020 through May 2021.Interventions (for clinical trials) or Exposures (for observational studies)Anesthesia care during elective, low-risk, outpatient procedures.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence of anesthesia care during cataract surgery compared with other low-risk procedures; association of anesthesia care with patient, clinician, and health system characteristics; and proportion of patients experiencing a systemic complication within 7 days of cataract surgery compared with patients undergoing other low-risk procedures.ResultsAmong 36 652 cataract surgery patients, the mean (SD) age was 74.7 (6.1) years; 21 690 (59.2%) were female; 2200 (6.6%) were Black and 32 049 (87.4%) were White. Anesthesia care was more common among patients undergoing cataract surgery compared with patients undergoing other low-risk procedures (89.8% vs range of &amp;lt;1% to 70.2%). Neither the patient’s age (adjusted odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02; P = .01) nor Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score (CCI of ≥3: adjusted odds ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.95-1.18; P = .28; reference, CCI score of 0-1) was strongly associated with anesthesia care for cataract surgery, but a model comprising a single variable identifying the ophthalmologist predicted anesthesia care with a C statistic of 0.96. Approximately 6.0% of ophthalmologists never used anesthesia care, 76.6% always used anesthesia care, and 17.4% used it for only a subset of patients. Fewer cataract surgery patients experienced systemic complications within 7 days (2833 [7.7%]), even when limited to patients of ophthalmologists who never used anesthesia care (108 [7.4%]), than patients undergoing other low-risk procedures (range, 13.2%-52.2%).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study suggest that systemic complications occurred less frequently after cataract surgery compared with other elective, low-risk, outpatient procedures during which anesthesia care was less commonly used. Anesthesia care was not associated with patient characteristics, such as older age or worse health status, but with the ophthalmologists’ usual approach to cataract surgery sedation. The study findings suggest an opportunity to use anesthesia care more selectively in patients undergoing cataract surgery.
Peripartum Outcomes Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy
Authors: Watanabe Atsuyuki , Yasuhara Jun , Iwagami Masao , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Yamada Yuji , Suzuki Yukio , Takagi Hisato , Kuno Toshiki 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceThe risk and benefits of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy are under investigation. Pooled evidence regarding neonatal and maternal outcomes in association with COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is scarce.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and peripartum outcomes.Data SourcesPubMed and EMBASE databases were searched on April 5, 2022. Language restrictions were not applied.Study SelectionProspective trials and observational studies comparing the individuals who received at least 1 COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with those who did not and reporting the neonatal outcomes, including preterm birth, small for gestational age, low Apgar score, neonatal intensive care units (NICU) admission, and intrauterine fetal death (IFD).Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo independent investigators extracted relevant data from each study. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random-effects model. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the neonatal outcomes, including preterm birth, small for gestational age, low Apgar score, NICU admission, and IFD. The secondary outcomes were maternal outcomes, including maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, cesarean delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, and chorioamnionitis.ResultsNine observational studies involving 81 349 vaccinated (mean age, 32-35 years) and 255 346 unvaccinated individuals during pregnancy (mean age, 29.5-33 years) were included. COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with lower risk of NICU admission (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.97) and IFD (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.94), whereas there was no statistically significant association with preterm birth (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.76-1.04), small for gestational age (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94-1.04), and low Apgar score (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.87-1.02). COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.93), whereas it was not associated with increased risk of cesarean delivery (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.93-1.20), postpartum hemorrhage (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83-1.07), and chorioamnionitis (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.86-1.31).Conclusions and RelevanceCOVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with an increase in the risk of peripartum outcomes, was associated with a decreased risk of NICU admission, IFD, and maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, COVID-19 vaccination should be encouraged for pregnant individuals.
Prx1+ MPCs Accumulate in the Dura Mater of Wild‐Type and p21−/− Mice Followed by a Specific Reduction in p21−/− Dural MPCs
Authors: Shah Sophia S. , Salo Paul T. , Lyons Frank G. , Mitha Alim P. , Krawetz Roman J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpidural fat contains a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), and this study explores the behavior of these cells on the adjacent dura mater during growth and in response to injury in a p21 knockout mouse model. p21−/− mice are known to have increased cell proliferation and enhanced tissue regeneration post‐injury. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the process by which epidural fat MPCs maintain the dura mater can be accelerated in p21−/− mice. Using a Prx1 lineage tracing mouse model, the epidural fat MPCs are found to increase in the dura mater over time in both C57BL/6 (p21+/+) and p21−/− mice; however, by 3 weeks post‐tamoxifen induction, few MPCs are observed in p21−/− mice. These endogenous MPCs also localize to dural injuries in both mouse strains, with MPCs in p21−/− mice demonstrating increased proliferation. When epidural fat MPCs derived from p21−/− mice are transplanted into dural injuries in C57BL/6 mice, these MPCs are found in the injury site. It is demonstrated that epidural fat MPCs play a role in dural tissue maintenance and are able to directly contribute to dural injury repair. This suggests that these MPCs have the potential to treat injuries and/or pathologies in tissues surrounding the spinal cord.
The T Cell Journey: A Tour de Force
Authors: Alatoom Aseel , ElGindi Mei , Sapudom Jiranuwat , Teo Jeremy C. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractT cells act as the puppeteers in the adaptive immune response, and their dysfunction leads to the initiation and progression of pathological conditions. During their lifetime, T cells experience myriad forces that modulate their effector functions. These forces are imposed by interacting cells, surrounding tissues, and shear forces from fluid movement. In this review, a journey with T cells is made, from their development to their unique characteristics, including the early studies that uncovered their mechanosensitivity. Then the studies pertaining to the responses of T cell activation to changes in antigen‐presenting cells’ physical properties, to their immediate surrounding extracellular matrix microenvironment, and flow conditions are highlighted. In addition, it is explored how pathological conditions like the tumor microenvironment can hinder T cells and allow cancer cells to escape elimination.
In Situ Construction of Gradient Oxygen Release Buffer and Interface Cation Self‐Accelerator Stabilizing High‐Voltage Ni‐Rich Cathode
Authors: Dai Zhongsheng , Zhao Huiling , Chen Weixin , Zhang Qi , Song Xiaosheng , He Guanjie , Zhao Yong , Lu Xia , Bai Ying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNi‐rich cathodes with superior energy densities have spurred extensive attention for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), whereas their commercialization is hampered by structural degradation, thermal runaway, and dramatic capacity fading. Herein, boron (B) with high binding energy to oxygen (O) is gradiently incorporated into each primary particle and piezoelectric Li2B4O7 (LBO) is homogeneously deposited on the secondary particles of polycrystalline LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) surface through a facile in situ construction strategy, intending to synchronously enhance electrochemical stabilities and Li+ kinetics upon cycling. Particularly, the as‐obtained LBO modified NCM811 cathode exhibits an excellent capacity retention (88.9% after 300 cycles, 1 C) and rate performance (112.2 mAh g−1, 10 C) with Li metal anode, the NCM811‐LBO/Li4Ti5O12 full cell achieves a capacity retention of 92.6% after 1000 cycles (0.5 C). Intensive explorations in theoretical calculation, multi‐scale in/ex situ characterization and finite element analysis ascertain that the improvement mechanism of LBO modification can be attributed to the synergistic contributions of rational designed O release buffer and interface cation self‐accelerator. This study provides a facile and practical method to prevent structural degradation and thermal runaway for high‐energy LIBs.
Wearable Surface‐Lighting Micro‐Light‐Emitting Diode Patch for Melanogenesis Inhibition
Authors: Lee Jae Hee , Ahn Yuri , Lee Han Eol , Jang You Na , Park A. Yeon , Kim Shinho , Jung Young Hoon , Sung Sang Hyun , Shin Jung Ho , Lee Seung Hyung , Park Sang Hyun , Kim Ki Soo , Jang Min Seok , Kim Beom Joon , Oh Sang Ho , Lee Keon Jae 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWearable light‐emitting diode (LED)‐based phototherapeutic devices have recently attracted attention as skin care tools for wrinkles, acne, and hyperpigmentation. However, the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of LED stimulators are still controversial due to their inefficient light transfer, high heat generation, and non‐uniform spot irradiation. Here, a wearable surface‐lighting micro‐LED (SµLED) photostimulator is reported for skin care and cosmetic applications. The SµLEDs, consisting of a light diffusion layer (LDL), 900 thin film µLEDs, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), achieve uniform surface‐lighting in 2 × 2 cm2‐sized area with 100% emission yields. The SµLEDs maximize photostimulation effectiveness on the skin surface by uniform irradiation, high flexibility, and thermal stability. The SµLED's effect on melanogenesis inhibition is evaluated via in vitro and in vivo experiments to human skin equivalents (HSEs) and mouse dorsal skin, respectively. The anti‐melanogenic effect of SµLEDs is confirmed by significantly reduced levels of melanin contents, melan‐A, tyrosinase, and microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), compared to a conventional LED (CLED) stimulator.
Dopant‐Free Bithiophene‐Imide‐Based Polymeric Hole‐Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Bai Yuanqing , Zhou Zhisheng , Xue Qifan , Liu Chunchen , Li Ning , Tang Haoran , Zhang Jiabin , Xia Xinxin , Zhang Jie , Lu Xinhui , Brabec Christoph J. , Huang Fei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of hole‐transport materials (HTMs) with high mobility, long‐term stability, and comprehensive passivation is significant for simultaneously improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Herein, two donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers PBTI and PFBTI with alternating benzodithiophene (BDT) and bithiophene imide (BTI) units are successfully developed with desirable hole mobilities due to the good planarity and extended conjugation of molecular backbone. Both copolymers can be employed as HTMs with suitable energy levels and efficient defect passivation. Shortening the alkyl chain of the BTI unit and introducing fluorine atoms on the BDT moiety effectively enhances hole mobility and hydrophobicity of the HTMs, leading to improved efficiency and stability of PVSCs. As a result, the organic–inorganic hybrid PVSCs with PFBTI as the HTM deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.1% with enhanced long‐term operational and ambient stability, which is one of the best efficiencies reported for PVSCs with dopant‐free polymeric HTMs to date. Moreover, PFBTI can be applied in inorganic PVSCs and perovskite/organic tandem solar cells, achieving a high PCE of 17.4% and 22.2%, respectively. These results illustrate the great potential of PFBTI as an efficient and widely applicable HTM for cost‐effective and stable PVSCs.
Self‐Propelled Nanomotors with an Alloyed Engine for Emergency Rescue of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wang Heping , Chen Xi , Qi Yilin , Wang Chunxiao , Huang Liwen , Wang Ran , Li Jiamin , Xu Xihan , Zhou Yutong , Liu Yang , Xue Xue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), acute oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades rapidly spread to cause irreversible brain damage and low survival rate within minutes. Therefore, developing a feasible solution for the quick‐treatment of life‐threatening emergency is urgently demanded to earn time for hospital treatment. Herein, Janus catalysis‐driven nanomotors (JCNs) are carefully constructed via plasma‐induced alloying technology and sputtering‐caused half‐coating strategy. The theoretical calculation and experiment results indicate that the heteroatom‐doping alloyed engine endows JCNs with much higher catalytic activity for removing reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species than common Pt‐based engines. When JCNs are dropped to the surface of the ruptured skull, they can effectively catalyze endogenous hydrogen peroxide, which induces movement as fuels to promote JCNs to deep brain lesions for further nanocatalyst‐mediated cascade‐blocking therapy. The results demonstrate that the JCNs successfully block the inflammatory cascades, thereby reversing multiple behavioral defects and dramatically declining the mortality of sTBI mice. This work provides a revolutionary nanomotor‐based strategy to sense brain injury and scavenge oxidative stress. Meanwhile, the JCNs provide a feasible strategy to adapt various first‐aid scenarios due to their self‐propelled movement combined with highly multienzyme‐like catalytic activity, exhibiting tremendous therapeutic potential to help people for emergency pretreatment.
Oxygen Evolution Activity of Amorphous Cobalt Oxyhydroxides: Interconnecting Precatalyst Reconstruction, Long‐Range Order, Buffer‐Binding, Morphology, Mass Transport, and Operation Temperature
Authors: Hausmann J. Niklas , Mebs Stefan , Dau Holger , Driess Matthias , Menezes Prashanth W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNanocrystalline or amorphous cobalt oxyhydroxides (CoCat) are promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). While having the same short‐range order, CoCat phases possess different electrocatalytic properties. This phenomenon is not conclusively understood, as multiple interdependent parameters affect the OER activity simultaneously. Herein, a layered cobalt borophosphate precatalyst, Co(H2O)2[B2P2O8(OH)2]·H2O, is fully reconstructed into two different CoCat phases. In contrast to previous reports, this reconstruction is not initiated at the surface but at the electrode substrate to catalyst interface. Ex situ and in situ investigations of the two borophosphate derived CoCats, as well as the prominent CoPi and CoBi identify differences in the Tafel slope/range, buffer binding and content, long‐range order, number of accessible edge sites, redox activity, and morphology. Considering and interconnecting these aspects together with proton mass‐transport limitations, a comprehensive picture is provided explaining the different OER activities. The most decisive factors are the buffers used for reconstruction, the number of edge sites that are not inhibited by irreversibly bonded buffers, and the morphology. With this acquired knowledge, an optimized OER system is realized operating in near‐neutral potassium borate medium at 1.62 ± 0.03 VRHE yielding 250 mA cm−2 at 65 °C for 1 month without degrading performance.
Strong and Tough Supramolecular Microneedle Patches with Ultrafast Dissolution and Rapid‐Onset Capabilities
Authors: Wang Hua , Fu Yangxue , Mao Jinzhu , Jiang Hao , Du Shuo , Liu Pei , Tao Juan , Zhang Lianbin , Zhu Jintao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDissolving microneedle (DMN) patches are emerging as a minimally invasive and efficient transdermal drug delivery platform. Generally, noncrystalline, water‐soluble, and high‐molecular‐weight polymers are employed in DMNs because their sufficient intermolecular interactions can endow the DMNs with necessary mechanical strength and toughness. However, high viscosity and heavy chain entanglement of polymer solutions greatly hinder processing and dissolution of polymeric DMNs. Here, a strong and tough supramolecular DMN patch made of highly water‐soluble cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives is described. Due to the synergy of multiple supramolecular interactions, the CD DMN patch exhibits robust mechanical strength outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art polymeric DMNs. The CD DMN displays ultrafast dissolution (<30 s) in skin models by virtue of the dynamic and weak noncovalent bonds, which also enables the CD DMN and its payloads to diffuse rapidly into the deep skin layer. Moreover, the unique supramolecular structure of CD allows the CD DMNs to load not only hydrophilic drugs (e.g., rhodamine B as a model) but also hydrophobic model drugs (e.g., ibuprofen). As a proof‐of‐concept, CD DMNs loading ibuprofen show a rapid onset of therapeutic action in a xylene‐induced acute inflammation model in mice. This work opens a new avenue for the development of mechanically robust supramolecular DMNs and broadens the applications of supramolecular materials.
Experiments‐Guided Modeling of MCM‐41: Impact of Pore Symmetry on Gas Adsorption
Authors: Carta Paola , Cara Claudio , Cannas Carla , Scorciapino Mariano Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAmong mesoporous ordered silica‐based materials, MCM‐41 is widely employed in both experimental and computational investigations of gas adsorption. Specific surface area and pore size distribution are typically obtained by analyzing the N2 adsorption isotherm. To this aim, different models and theories are available, and which one is more accurate is under debate. On the computational side, the in silico model ought to match the characteristics of real samples and reproduce the macroscopic performance. While the typical hexagonal symmetry is usually considered, the tetragonal one is sometimes applied without any explained rationale. Interestingly, during the last decade, the preparation of mesoporous silica‐based materials with rare tetragonal symmetry is reported, indeed, but these are never tested as gas sorbents. In the present work, computer models with different symmetry are compared for their ability to reproduce the available experimental data from real samples. The combination of grand‐canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations is used to probe the differences at the microscopic level. The surface‐adsorbed gas molecules are differently ordered and a different type of N2 adsorption isotherm is correspondingly found.
High‐Performance MXene‐Based Flexible and Wearable Pressure Sensor Based on a Micro‐Pyramid Structured Active Layer
Authors: Fang Xiaohui , Min Lizhen , Qin Zhen , Gong Shun , Zhao Biao , Lv Yuhuan , Pan Kai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the advent of smart era, constructing high‐quality flexible electronic devices is urgently demanded. In this contribution, a flexible and wearable pressure sensor with high stability is tactfully designed and prepared based on pyramid‐like MXene film. The investigated pyramid‐like MXene film is fabricated by a simple and low‐cost substrate shrinkage method. Owing to the conical pyramid structure, the resulting pressure sensor can output continuous and stable electrical signal under stress, and has good cycling stability and long working life (18 000 cycles). Specifically, the sensitivity of the sensor can reach up to 64.56 kPa−1 under small stress, and the sensing range is 4.9 Pa–98 kPa. Moreover, the response and recovery time under small stress is 59 and 15 ms, respectively. The sensing mechanism of the pressure sensor is explored. The prepared flexible wearable sensor shows great application potential in human motion and health monitoring.
Flexible and Shape‐Morphing Plant Sensors Designed for Microenvironment Temperature Monitoring of Irregular Surfaces
Authors: Dong Kairu , Wang Yichao , Zhang Ruiping , Wang Zhouheng , Zhao Xingwei , Chang Zheng , Lu Bingwei , Zhao Qian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFlexible plant sensors play a critical role in smart agriculture due to their advantages in real‐time monitoring physiological signals of plants, and are experiencing growth in recent years. Such devices are expected to be directly placed on surfaces of plant organs for better detection. However, most existing sensors based on the planar substrate are not able to adapt to nondevelopable surfaces of plants, and are unsatisfactory in biocompatibility. Herein, considering the complexity of the plant surface, flexible temperature sensors for leaves and fruits are developed. The leaf temperature sensor is based on the porous substrate, which is designed to minimize its effect on plant respiration, and is demonstrated to measure temperature changes accurately after long‐time integration with a leaf. By mechanical design, the fruit temperature sensor realizes the transformation from a planar shape to a tridimensional shape, and is demonstrated to work on a variety of complex curved surfaces without loss of performance. The proposed shape‐morphing structure expands the capabilities of current planar electronics, and links thin‐film technology to spatial deformable devices. Results of the in vitro experiments show that these two proposed sensors hold promise to monitor microenvironment temperature in plant biology.
Cycloalkyl Fused Dibenzofuran Derived Green Ir(III) Complexes Possessing High Horizontal Emitting Dipole Orientation Ratios and Color Stability at High Doping Concentrations
Authors: Kim Seung Chan , Hong Wan Pyo , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the photophysical characteristics and electroluminescence of three green Ir(III) complexes with newly created cycloalkyl fused dibenzofuran ligands are examined. The results demonstrate that the cycloalkyl fused dibenzofuran ligand can modify the intermolecular interactions and alter the horizontal emitting dipole orientation ratios of dopants in phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). One of the three phosphors, Ir(TBF)2(mppy), shows high photoluminescence quantum yield of 0.96 and a high horizontal emitting dipole orientation ratio of 0.80. Therefore, an optimized PhOLED using Ir(TBF)2(mppy) exhibits a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.1% and a very small efficiency roll‐off with a high EQE of 25.1% at 10 000 cd m−2. It is significant that the high EQE device maintains the CIE chromaticity coordinates over a wide doping concentration range (3–10 wt%), thus creating new possibilities for the dopant design strategy for the practical use of PhOLEDs.