bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of tropical cyclone rainfall volume in the Philippines
Authors: Bagtasa Gerry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the variability of tropical cyclone (TC)‐induced rainfall volume and its relation to the total rainfall in the Philippines. Of the total 1,843 TCs that formed in the western North Pacific (WNP) basin from 1951 to 2020, 983 (53%) and 1,253 (68%) TCs directly and indirectly, respectively, contributed 23.3% of the total rainfall on Philippine landmass. Total seasonal rainfall is negatively correlated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (February–May [FMAM] r = −0.71 and October–January [ONDJ] r = −0.77) except for the boreal summer months of June–September (JJAS) where no correlation was observed. Similarly, TC rain also shows a negative but weaker correlation with ENSO (FMAM r = −0.23 and ONDJ r = −0.33) except for JJAS, despite JJAS season having the highest TC rain contribution. Nevertheless, all top 90th percentile TC rain years occurred during La Niña and ENSO‐neutral years, similar to the total rain. Rainfall volume from individual TCs depends mainly on its rain duration and the area of land affected. There are no significant trends found in annual and seasonal TC rainfall, but the frequency of extreme TCs with rainfall volume in the upper 95th percentile is dropping by 10%·decade−1. Annual TC rain volume is most correlated with TC landfall frequency (r = 0.81). Despite the influence of ENSO on TC activity and tracks in the NWP region, the results in this study suggest that the use of the ENSO Niño3.4 index alone may not be enough for seasonal TC rainfall forecasts.
Regional characteristics and exploitation potential of atmospheric water resources in China
Authors: An Lin , Yao Zhanyu , Zhang Pei , Jia Shuo , Zhao Jieyun , Gao Liangshu , Liu Zhen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe atmospheric water resources (AWR) in China have evident regional characteristics. In order to scientifically and rationally exploit the AWR in different regions of China, we divided China into seven regions based on the ERA‐5, the CloudSat data, and so on. Such characteristics as water vapour, cloud characteristics, cloud water resources (CWR), precipitation efficiency of hydrometeors (PEh), and the exploitation potential of CWR were studied in this article. Some results in summer are shown. (a) There were relatively more precipitation, richer water vapour, stronger water vapour transport and convergence, more cloud covers, and relatively larger zones of rich total column cloud water content in China. Therefore, it is of important significance to study AWR in summer in China. (b) In respect of single‐layer clouds, low clouds were in the majority over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the southwest China (SW), medium clouds were predominant over the northern regions, and high clouds existed more over the central region (CR) and the southeast China (SE). The liquid water content (LWC) at each height of cloud was less than 800 mg·m−3 and decreased gradually with the increase in height in China. The convective development heights, the LWC at each altitude, and the frequencies of less LWCs over the northern regions were lower than those over the southern regions. The ice water content (IWC) at each height of cloud was less than 250 mg·m−3, and more than 96% of them were less than 100 mg·m−3. (c) CWR over the northeast China (NE), north China (NC), and CR were relatively rich, but with relatively low PEh, so there was relatively higher exploitation potential of CWR in these regions, followed by the northwest China (NW) and TP, and there was still some exploitation potential of CWR in SE and SW.
In What Ways We Depend: Academic Dependency Theory and the Development of East Asian Sociology
Authors: Lee Chengpang , Chen Ying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince it was framed 20 years ago, Syed Farid Alatas's theory of academic dependence has made a long‐lasting impact within the global social science field, and has elevated the previous discussion on academic dependence. In this essay, we critically examine his theory of academic dependence with an original dataset that contains 22 top sociology institutions in East Asia, including China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. We further engage the data, and theory within the global higher education ranking system, a theme that had not yet emerged when he framed his theory of academic dependence. Our findings suggest that (1) higher rankings do not create job opportunities for locally trained PhDs; (2) emphasis on the number of publications is still prevalent; (3) adopting the standards set up by the ranking agency re‐enforces the existing global division of academic labor. Overall, sociology in these societies after 20 years is now more dependent, rather than autonomous from, the Western academic center.
Rethinking the Rise of China: A Postcolonial Critique of China and a Chinese Critique of the Postcolonial
Authors: Tenzin Jinba 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article is intended to rethink a symbiotic but otherwise inadequately attended relationship between postcolonial studies and Chinese academia at a time when the rise of China evokes epistemic, ontological and empirical challenges for critical reflection. Above all, I argue that China is situated in her postcolonial conditions in such a way that these conditions largely define China's multi‐faceted positioning as colonial agent, (semi‐)colonial victim, recipient of colonialist ideology, overthrower of that ideology and its accompanying world‐system, and contender for the “top place” within such a world‐system. Postcolonial theory hence becomes relevant and productive in terms of its potential to problematize various puzzles, contradictions and tensions during China's rise like widespread disregard of basic civic values, political partisanship in scholarship, aggravation of the East‐West divide and rising Chinese exceptionalism. Additionally, however, this article also pinpoints the need to transform and reshape the oftentimes Eurocentric inclination in postcolonial studies through an incorporation of the revolutionary and post‐revolutionary experiences in China and elsewhere. Doing so therefore calls for a post‐revolutionary paradigm as proposed by Wang Hui, among others. I thus advocate cross‐fertilization, rather than mutual exclusion, not only between the postcolonial and post‐revolutionary paradigms but also between postcolonial studies and Chinese scholarship/academia.
Neuromelanin‐MRI to Quantify and Track Nigral Depigmentation in Parkinson's Disease: A Multicenter Longitudinal Study Using Template‐Based Standardized Analysis
Authors: Xing Yue , Sapuan Abdul Halim , Martín‐Bastida Antonio , Naidu Saadnah , Tench Christopher , Evans Jonathan , Sare Gillian , Schwarz Stefan T. , Al‐bachari Sarah , Parkes Laura M. , Kanavou Sofia , Raw Jason , Silverdale Monty , Bajaj Nin , Pavese Nicola , Burn David , Piccini Paola , Grosset Donald G. , Auer Dorothee P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical diagnosis and monitoring of Parkinson's disease (PD) remain challenging because of the lack of an established biomarker. Neuromelanin‐magnetic resonance imaging (NM‐MRI) is an emerging biomarker of nigral depigmentation indexing the loss of melanized neurons but has unknown prospective diagnostic and tracking performance in multicenter settings.ObjectivesThe aim was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of NM‐MRI in early PD in a multiprotocol setting and to determine and compare serial NM‐MRI changes in PD and controls.MethodsIn this longitudinal case–control 3 T MRI study, 148 patients and 97 controls were included from six UK clinical centers, of whom 140 underwent a second scan after 1.5 to 3 years. An automated template‐based analysis was applied for subregional substantia nigra NM‐MRI contrast and volume assessment. A point estimate of the period of prediagnostic depigmentation was computed.ResultsAll NM metrics performed well to discriminate patients from controls, with receiver operating characteristic showing 85% accuracy for ventral NM contrast and 83% for volume. Generalizability using a priori volume cutoff was good (79% accuracy). Serial MRI demonstrated accelerated NM loss in patients compared to controls. Ventral NM contrast loss was point estimated to start 5 to 6 years before clinical diagnosis. Ventral nigral depigmentation was greater in the most affected side, more severe cases, and nigral NM volume change correlated with change in motor severity.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that NM‐MRI provides clinically useful diagnostic information in early PD across protocols, platforms, and sites. It provides methods and estimated depigmentation rates that highlight the potential to detect preclinical PD and track progression for biomarker‐enabled clinical trials. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
On‐chip triplexer using series‐first structure for connecting radio frequency modules in a 65 nm CMOS
Authors: Lim Jeong‐Taek , Oh Hyun‐Myung , Lee Sangrok , Jung Bang Chul , Kim Choul‐Young 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we implemented a triplexer using a 65‐nm CMOS process. The triplexer was composed of a low‐pass filter (LPF), bandpass filter (BPF), and high‐pass filter (HPF). Each filter was designed with a Chebyshev structure to obtain a sharp skirt characteristic and series‐first structure to achieve impedance matching in a common terminal, reduction of insertion loss and compact size. The proposed triplexer operates at 0–2 GHz, 5.8–6.5 GHz, and 10.7–14 GHz. In addition, the triplexer shows that the return loss of all ports is more than 10 dB in the bandwidth used. The insertion losses in the passbands, LPF, BPF, and HPF were less than 2.5, 5.55, and 4.4 dB, respectively. The attenuation levels in the stopbands of the LPF, BPF, and HPF are over 47.6, 33.6, and 43.7 dB, respectively. The active area of the triplexer is 0.7 mm × 0.67 mm. To our knowledge, this circuit is the first implementation of a CMOS on‐chip triplexer.
Clinical practice recommendations for prehabilitation and post‐operative rehabilitation for arthroplasty: A scoping review
Authors: Krysa Jacqueline A. , Ho Chester , O’Connell Petra , Pohar Manhas Kiran 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe rising need for arthroplasty (joint replacement) has resulted in a significant increase in wait‐times. Longer surgical wait‐times may further exacerbate functional decline in adults with osteoarthritis as well as delay postoperative functional recovery. This review aims to better inform rehabilitation care provision before (prehabilitation) and after (post‐rehabilitation) hip or knee arthroplasty based on recommendations from clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).MethodsThis scoping review used a three‐stage process to screen and extract articles, which resulted in 123 articles reviewed for analysis. Included CPGs were in the English language and focussed on rehabilitation interventions or practices involving adult patients preparing for or recuperating from hip and knee arthroplasty (published 2009–2020).ResultsPatient assessments, use of assistive devices, as well as self‐management and education programs were recommended before and after arthroplasty. Physiotherapy was recommended to support post‐operative rehabilitation. Conversely, there was limited evidence supporting recommendations for or against physiotherapy during the prehabilitation phase of the arthroplasty care journey.ConclusionsThe findings from this review highlight the current gap in high‐quality evidence supporting hip and knee arthroplasty rehabilitation CPGs before and after surgery. Findings warrant additional research to ensure patients are best prepared for surgery and supported for optimal recovery.
A case report: Clozapine‐induced leukopenia and neutropenia after mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Imai Tomoyuki , Ochiai Sho , Ishimaru Takehiro , Daitoku Hayato , Miyagawa Yusuke , Fukuhara Ryuji , Boku Shuken , Takebayashi Minoru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClozapine is an atypical antipsychotic used for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia and is known to cause serious side effects, such as leukopenia and neutropenia. We encountered the case of a 44‐year‐old female patient with a good response to clozapine, who experienced inflammatory reaction and cytopenia after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination. Soon after clozapine discontinuation, the inflammatory reaction resolved, and cell counts recovered. There are only a few reports on the interaction between clozapine and COVID‐19 vaccine. Our findings suggest that caution is required when a patient who is receiving clozapine scheduled for COVID‐19 vaccination, owing to the possibility of cytopenia. Moreover, blood tests and the measurement of clozapine concentration should be performed before and after the inoculation to ensure patient safety.
Microwave‐assisted alcoholysis of silicone rubber waste with geraniol for effective elastomer damping
Authors: Zou Zhuanglei , An Xinglong , Li Li , Fan Xiaopeng , Zhou Yongyan , Wu Siwu , Guo Baochun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe first step in the mainstream end‐of‐life management of discarded silicone‐rubber‐based composite insulators involves grinding and modification of them into fine silicone rubber powders (SRPs). However, significant knowledge gaps have prevented researchers from developing direct efficient surface treatments for SRPs that do not involve time‐consuming and multi‐step processes. Herein, we report a straightforward method for the efficient modification of discarded SRPs through a microwave‐assisted alcoholysis process. Specifically, the siloxane moieties of the SRPs were cleaved using nucleophilic geraniol as a modifier, thereby facilitating the introduction of abundant alkoxysilyl groups on SRPs surface. During sulfur crosslinking, the intrachain vinyl functionalities of the modified SRPs co‐crosslinked with the rubber matrix via sulfur bridges, thereby improving the dispersion state of the SRPs and the interfacial adhesion between the SRPs and the rubber matrix. Accordingly, even for a high SRP loading (200 phr, parts per hundreds of gum), the mechanical performance of the resulting systems, and in particular the tensile strength and extensibility were significantly higher than those of the rubber matrix. Moreover, the interfacial adhesion of the resulting systems was improved, and the resulting systems presented remarkable damping performance (tan δ ≥ 0.3) over a broad temperature range (≥80°C).
Trigger bond analysis of azo‐based energetic materials
Authors: Zengel Elizabeth R. , Garcia Jenna R. , Goodrich Daja A. , Bayse Craig A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAzo‐based energetic materials may initiate explosive decomposition by extruding molecular nitrogen to produce radical fragments. Density functional theory and Wiberg bond index analysis were used to determine trends in bond strength for a series of aromatic azo compounds. Interactions between ortho ring hydrogens and an azo nitrogen lone pair favor a planar molecule with a strengthened azo linkage. Steric groups substituted ortho to the azo linkage cause the molecule to twist, which disrupts delocalization of the π density and weakens the CNazo bond. The results of this study are generally consistent with the low sensitivity of various aromatic azo‐based energetic materials. Discrepancies between calculated bond strengths and the experimental impact sensitivities could be attributed to packing forces that affect molecular planarity in the solid state.
Protease‐activated receptor‐2 dependent and independent responses of bone cells to prostate cancer cell secretory products
Authors: Pagel Charles N. , Kularathna Pamu K. , Sanaei Reza , Young Neil D. , Hooper John D. , Mackie Eleanor J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic prostate cancer lesions in the skeleton are frequently characterized by excessive formation of bone. Prostate cancer cells secrete factors, including serine proteases, that are capable of influencing the behavior of surrounding cells. Some of these proteases activate protease‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2), which is expressed by osteoblasts (bone‐forming cells) and precursors of osteoclasts (bone‐resorbing cells). The aim of the current study was to investigate a possible role for PAR2 in regulating the behavior of bone cells exposed to metastatic prostate cancer cells.MethodsThe effect of medium conditioned by the PC3, DU145, and MDA‐PCa‐2b prostate cancer cell lines was investigated in assays of bone cell function using cells isolated from wildtype and PAR2‐null mice. Osteoclast differentiation was assessed by counting tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive multinucleate cells in bone marrow cultured in osteoclastogenic medium. Osteoblasts were isolated from calvariae of neonatal mice, and BrdU incorporation was used to assess their proliferation. Assays of alkaline phosphatase activity and quantitative PCR analysis of osteoblastic gene expression were used to assess osteoblast differentiation. Responses of osteoblasts to medium conditioned by MDA‐PCa‐2b cells were analyzed by RNAseq.ResultsConditioned medium (CM) from all three cell lines inhibited osteoclast differentiation independently of PAR2. Media from PC3 and DU145 cells had no effect on assays of osteoblast function. Medium conditioned by MDA‐PCa‐2b cells stimulated BrdU incorporation in both wildtype and PAR2‐null osteoblasts but increased alkaline phosphatase activity and Runx2 and Col1a1 expression in wildtype but not PAR2‐null cells. Functional enrichment analysis of RNAseq data identified enrichment of multiple gene ontology terms associated with lysosomal function in both wildtype and PAR2‐null cells in response to MDA‐PCa‐2b‐CM. Analysis of individual genes identified osteogenesis‐associated genes that were either upregulated by MDA‐PCa‐2b‐CM selectively in wildtype cells or downregulated selectively in PAR2‐null cells.ConclusionsFactors secreted by prostate cancer cells influence bone cell behavior through both PAR2‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms. Both PAR2‐independent suppression of osteoclast differentiation and PAR2‐dependent stimulation of osteogenesis are likely to determine the nature of prostate cancer metastases in bone.
Data Twinning
Authors: Vakayil Akhil , Joseph V. Roshan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, we develop a method namedTwinningfor partitioning a dataset into statistically similar twin sets.Twinningis based onSPlit, a recently proposed model‐independent method for optimally splitting a dataset into training and testing sets.Twinningis orders of magnitude faster than theSPlitalgorithm, which makes it applicable to Big Data problems such as data compression.Twinningcan also be used for generating multiple splits of a given dataset to aid divide‐and‐conquer procedures andk‐fold cross validation.
Reversing the Nucleophilicity of Active Sites in CoP2 Enables Exceptional Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Niu Shuwen , Fang Yanyan , Rao Dewei , Liang Guangjie , Li Senyang , Cai Jinyan , Liu Bo , Li Jianming , Wang Gongming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrecisely constructing the local configurations of active sites to achieve on‐demand catalytic functions is highly critical yet challenging. Herein, an anion‐deficient strategy to precisely capture Ru single atoms on the anion vacancies of CoP2 (Ru‐SA/Pv‐CoP2) is developed. Refined structural characterizations reveal that the Ru single atoms preferably bind to the anion vacancy sites and consequently build a superior catalytic surface with neighboring CoP and CoRu coordination states for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysis. The prepared Ru‐SA/Pv‐CoP2 nanowires exhibit an unprecedented overpotential of 17 mV at 10 mA cm–2geo, and the corresponding mass activity is 52.2 times higher than the benchmark Pt/C catalyst at the overpotential of 50 mV. Theoretical analysis illustrates that the introduced Ru‐SAs can reverse electrons state distribution (from nucleophilic P sites to electrophilic Ru sites) and boost the activation of water molecules and hydrogen production. More importantly, such a construction strategy is also applicable for Pt single atom coupling, suggesting its generality in building catalytic sites. The capability to precisely construct active sites offers a powerful platform to manipulate the catalytic performance of HER catalysts and beyond.
Experimental study and numerical simulation of all‐steel buckling‐restrained brace with distributed inspection windows
Authors: Wan Chunfeng , Xie Liyu , Li Lin , Xue Songtao , Tang Hesheng , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis paper presents a novel all‐steel seismic‐resistant, buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) which can be easily detached from its steel core for post‐seismic inspections. This allows inspectors to quickly determine if the BRB needs to be replaced to reduce the impact of seismic aftershocks. The weld toes of brace stiffeners were specially smoothed to reduce the residual stress and stress concentration, thereby improving the low‐cycle fatigue performance of the brace. Two identical restraining units were connected by high‐strength bolts. A small air gap was provided by annular gaskets between the core and the restraining system to allow for lateral expansion of the core plate under compression. Five specimens were tested under different cyclic loading protocols to investigate the performance. The hysteretic behavior, compression strength adjustment factor, equivalent viscous damping ratio, failure modes, and deformation of the restraining system were analyzed. The multi‐wave buckling deformation of the core was studied in detail to provide a basis for the accurate calculation of the number of contact points. Finite element analyses were performed to compare the response with test results, which proved the structure of the novel BRB to be reasonable except for the compression strength adjustment factor of some specimens, which was greater than 1.3. A damage assessment method was proposed to evaluate the working status of the newly designed BRB after an earthquake.
Hexavalent chromium induces hepatocyte apoptosis via regulation of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1/c‐Jun amino‐terminal kinase signaling
Authors: Jin Lifang , Kom Merveille Chancelle , Fu Guoquan , Xie Yixia , Gao Yue , Shen Jiayuan , Huang Huarong , Hu Baowei , Yan Junyan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the spread of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination, Cr(VI)‐induced hepatotoxicity has attracted increasing attention in recent years. To date, however, the exact mechanism of Cr(VI) toxicity remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/c‐Jun amino‐terminal kinase (JNK) in Cr(VI)‐induced hepatic toxicity and the possible related mechanisms. AML‐12 hepatocyte cell‐lines were treated with 0, 1, 4, and 16 μmol/Lof Cr(VI) with or without GS‐444271 (an ASK1 inhibitor). Adult male mice were administered with 0, 2, 8, and 32 mg/kg body mass (BM)/day of Cr(VI) for 5 days. The level of hepatocyte apoptosis/proliferation, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression levels of mRNAs and proteins related to ASK1/JNK and nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling were assessed. Results showed that high Cr(VI) exposure induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury by generation of ROS and down‐regulation of Nrf2 signaling. In addition, ASK1/JNK signaling activity was upregulated in the Cr(VI)‐treated group. Furthermore, GS‐444217 treatment significantly rescued Cr(VI)‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver dysfunction in vitro and in vivo by down‐regulation of ASK1/JNK signaling. Thus, ASK1/JNK signaling appears to play an important role in Cr(VI)‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury. This study should help improve our understanding of the mechanism of Cr(VI)‐induced liver injury and provide support for future investigations on liver disease therapy.