bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farnesol delivery via polymeric nanoparticle carriers inhibits cariogenic cross‐kingdom biofilms and prevents enamel demineralization
Authors: Ito Tatsuro , Sims Kenneth R. , Liu Yuan , Xiang Zhenting , Arthur Rodrigo A. , Hara Anderson T. , Koo Hyun , Benoit Danielle S. W. , Klein Marlise I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStreptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are frequently detected together in the plaque from patients with early childhood caries (ECC) and synergistically interact to form a cariogenic cross‐kingdom biofilm. However, this biofilm is difficult to control. Thus, to achieve maximal efficacy within the complex biofilm microenvironment, nanoparticle carriers have shown increased interest in treating oral biofilms in recent years. Here, we assessed the anti‐biofilm efficacy of farnesol (Far), a hydrophobic antibacterial drug and repressor of Candida filamentous forms, against cross‐kingdom biofilms employing drug delivery via polymeric nanoparticle carriers (NPCs). We also evaluated the effect of the strategy on teeth enamel demineralization. The farnesol‐loaded NPCs (NPC+Far) resulted in a 2‐log CFU/mL reduction of S. mutans and C. albicans (hydroxyapatite disc biofilm model). High‐resolution confocal images further confirmed a significant reduction in exopolysaccharides, smaller microcolonies of S. mutans, and no hyphal form of C. albicans after treatment with NPC+Far on human tooth enamel (HT) slabs, altering the biofilm 3D structure. Furthermore, NPC+Far treatment was highly effective in preventing enamel demineralization on HT, reducing lesion depth (79% reduction) and mineral loss (85% reduction) versus vehicle PBS‐treated HT, while NPC or Far alone had no differences with the PBS. The drug delivery via polymeric NPCs has the potential for targeting bacterial‐fungal biofilms associated with a prevalent and costly pediatric oral disease, such as ECC.
Retrograde carbon dioxide coronary sinus venography
Authors: Okubo Yousaku , Miyamoto Shogo , Okamura Sho , Tokuyama Takehito , Nakano Yukiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is potentially harmful to perform coronary sinus (CS) angiography in patients with severe contrast allergy or severe renal dysfunction due to the risk of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN). However, angiography is a well‐established method to guide LV‐lead position during cardiac resynchronization therapy‐implantation. These two case reports describe the first successful applications of carbon dioxide CS angiography in patients requiring cardiac resynchronization therapy.
A predictive model of the requisite minimal erythema dose between 308‐nm monochromatic excimer light and 311‐nm narrowband Ultraviolet‐B light
Authors: Yamseang Tappanya , Churee Chutima , Sajjachareonpong Praneet , Pattamadilok Bensachee 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data in the relationship between the minimal erythema dose (MED) of 308‐nm monochromatic excimer light (MEL) and 311‐nm Narrowband UVB (NB‐UVB).ObjectiveTo establish a predictive model of the relationship between MEDs of both wavelengths.MethodsAn MED test was performed on the back of 40 healthy Thai volunteers. One side was irradiated with 308‐nm MEL, and the opposite side was irradiated with 311‐nm NB‐UVB. The correlation and a predictive model of the relationships were then analyzed.ResultsThere was a positive correlation in the MED of both wavelengths (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). A predicted MED of 308‐nm MEL was based on Y = 62.421 + 0.439X, where Y and X were a predicted MED of 308‐nm MEL and an actual 311‐nm NB‐UVB, respectively. This model could predict an MED of 308‐nm MEL by using an actual MED of 311‐nm NB‐UVB with a root mean square difference of 13.64%, and a mean bias difference of 0.63%.LimitationAll volunteers were Fitzpatrick's skin phototype type IV. The predictive model might not generalize to other skin phototypes.ConclusionWe established a predictive model of the relationship between MED of 308‐nm MEL and 311‐nm NB‐UVB with acceptable accuracy.
Development of homologous hemizona assay as a potential predictor of fertility in buffalo bulls: A preliminary approach
Authors: Panda Santanu , Saha Ambikaprasanna , Chauhan Manmohan Singh , Singla Suresh Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough, myriads of tests are routinely used, no single test can accurately predict fertilization potential of semen. The hemizona assay (HZA) has advantages in two ways: (a) it determines multitude traits of sperm and (b) it is a controlled sperm function test. In the present study, we developed homologous HZA in buffaloes to predict bull fertility. In this experiment, bulls with fertility rate 53.3% and 48.5% were used as control, whereas bulls with fertility rate 32.6% and 32.2% were used as test semen samples. For HZA, matching buffalo hemizonae were co‐incubated with processed buffalo sperm for 4 h. The number of sperms bound to the outer surface of hemizona was determined. No significant difference was observed in sperm binding for co‐incubation of same bull sperm with matching hemizona (p < .05). Significant difference in sperm binding to matching hemizona was seen, while two halves were incubated with control and test semen, respectively (p < .05). Hemizona assay index (HZAI) of test bull semen has been determined from percentage of test‐sperm bound to the matching hemizona in comparison to control‐sperm. For finding relation, HZAI was correlated with respective fertility rates of semen samples, and it was found that a significant positive correlation was present with r = 0.83, p < .1. A regression equation of Y = 1.39X − 55.8 (where Y = pregnancy rate of test semen sample and X = HZAI of test semen sample) was presented to predict fertility rates of unknown semen samples. Thus, HZA can be used as a potential predictor of buffalo bull fertility.
An integrated view of immunological tolerance
Authors: Bretscher Peter A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractI summarize how diverse mechanisms may contribute to self‐tolerance, and how an appreciation of their interdependence is necessary to understand how they collectively provide the imperfect degree of tolerance achieved. I suggest that the Quorum Hypothesis of Lymphocyte Activation incorporates one means of achieving peripheral tolerance. This hypothesis posits that the activation of all lymphocytes requires their antigen‐mediated interaction with other lymphocytes, whereas single lymphocytes are inactivated by antigen. Mature lymphocytes, specific for a peripheral self‐antigen, are eliminated as generated, one or a very few at a time, due to the first presence of the antigen early in development and continuously thereafter. There are limits to the circumstances under which this mechanism leads to tolerance. For example, if most self‐specific lymphocytes were not eliminated by the mechanism of central tolerance, the emigration of anti‐self lymphocytes, from primary lymphoid organs, would occur at so high a rate that the quorum mechanism would fail to eliminate but lead to their activation. Evolutionary considerations lead me to suggest that the thymic expression of certain self‐antigens, via such transcription factors as the autoimmune response element, allows more rapid immune responses against invaders without resulting in autoimmunity. This is clearly evolutionarily advantageous. It has been proposed that novel self‐antigens may be expressed at certain stages of life, such as adolescence. I discuss how tolerance to ‘adolescent antigens’ may be achieved, and to a special class of ‘newly arising self‐antigens’, namely idiotypic epitopes of the antigen‐specific receptors of B and T lymphocytes.
An introduction to ‘Making the city “home”: Practices of belonging in Pacific cities’
Authors: Kraemer Daniela , Stern Monika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is estimated that by 2050, 50% of Pacific peoples will be living out their full lives in cities and towns throughout Oceania and around the world. Over the last 35 years, previous patterns of circular migration have been giving way to permanent urban settlers and to generations born and raised in urban places. These ‘urbanites’ demonstrate a firm commitment to urban living in both the present and the future. In the cities, Pacific people have been building roots and making the city ‘home’. This special issue focuses on some of the diverse practices Pacific urbanites employ in creating ‘home’, which we define as the context where they centre their social, cultural and economic worlds and the place in which they see themselves living out their aspirations and future life course. Practices range from the use of graffiti, sharing music, playing reggae, the role of artists and exhibitions, and mobile phone use. In doing so, this special issue contributes to a growing body of work focused on the ways urban‐based Pacific peoples contest essentialising stereotypes that deny their legitimacy and dismiss their urban experiences as less authentic. The collection of papers demonstrates how Pacific peoples are imagining and demonstrating their identities as Pacific urbanites reflecting their commitment to an urban Pacific, national, cultural and political belonging.
An apple somatic mutation of delayed fruit maturation date is primarily caused by a retrotransposon insertion‐associated large deletion
Authors: Ban Seunghyun , El‐Sharkawy Islam , Zhao Jiantao , Fei Zhangjun , Xu Kenong 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYSomatic mutations may alter important traits in tree fruits, such as fruit color, size and maturation date. Autumn Gala (AGala), a somatic mutation from apple cultivar Gala, matures 4 weeks later than Gala. To understand the mechanisms underlying the delayed maturation, RNA‐seq analyses were conducted with fruit sampled at 13 (Gala) and 16 (AGala) time‐points during their growth and development. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 23 372 differentially expressed genes resulted in 25 WGCNA modules. Of these, modules 1 (r = −0.98, P = 2E‐21) and 2 (r = −0.52, P = 0.004), which were suppressed in AGala, were correlated with fruit maturation date. Surprisingly, 77 of the 152 member genes in module 1 were harbored in a 2.8‐Mb genomic region on chromosome 6 that was deleted and replaced by a 10.7‐kb gypsy‐like retrotransposon (Gy‐36) from chromosome 7 in AGala. Among the 77 member genes, MdACT7 was the most suppressed (by 10.5‐fold) in AGala due to a disruptive 2.5‐kb insertion in coding sequence. Moreover, MdACT7 is the exclusive apple counterpart of Arabidopsis ACT7 known of essential roles in plant development, and the functional allele MdACT7, which was lost to the deletion in AGala, was associated with early fruit maturation in 268 apple accessions. Overexpressing alleles MdACT7 and Mdact7 in an Arabidopsis act7 line showed that MdACT7 largely rescued its stunted growth and delayed initial flowering while Mdact7 did not. Therefore, the 2.8‐Mb hemizygous deletion is largely genetically causal for fruit maturation delay in AGala, and the total loss of MdACT7 might have contributed to the phenotype.
Mobilising a counterhegemonic idea: Empathy, evidence, and experience in the campaign for a Supervised Drug Injecting Facility (SIF) in Dublin, Ireland
Authors: McCann Eugene , Duffin Tony 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing the case of the campaign to establish a Supervised Injecting Facility (SIF) for people who use illicit drugs in Dublin, Ireland, this paper makes three related contributions to contemporary literatures. First, by detailing the history of the campaign and paying particular attention to the ways it was influenced by learning from models elsewhere in the world, the paper adds a spatial perspective to research on the intersections of public health and politics. Second, the paper addresses the policy mobilities literature's minimal engagement with the role of counterhegemonic ideas and national states in shaping inter‐local policy circulations. It provides detailed empirical analysis of the influence of counterhegemonic ideas and how activists reference those ideas through appeals to empathy, expert evidence, and experience as they build coalitions to influence formal state institutions, including the legal system and the national government. This discussion supports a call for engagement between policy mobilities and counterhegemonic social movement literatures. Third, the paper addresses ongoing discussions of ‘failure’ in policy‐making by arguing for a critical, contextual approach to the spatialities and temporalities of attempts to change entrenched policy and regulatory models. The case study is based on one author's direct involvement in the campaign for a SIF and on semi‐structured research interviews with 12 key actors conducted since 2015. The research also involved an analysis of relevant documentary materials spanning the period 2012–2021 and both authors' participation in a drug policy forum in Dublin in January 2017, involving local and international actors.
Morphological, molecular and phylogenetic characterization of Leptopsylla segnis and Leptopsylla taschenbergi (Siphonaptera)
Authors: Zurita Antonio , Rivero Julia , García‐Sánchez Ángela María , Callejón Rocío , Cutillas Cristina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe taxonomic status of Leptopsyllidae family has remained controversial over the years. Thus, some entomologists placed this group of fleas within Ceratophyllidae family, considering it at level of Leptopsyllinae subfamily or even appearing as a paraphyletic group within Siphonaptera phylogeny. This fact is emphasized by the lack of molecular and phylogenetic data of Leptopsyllidae taxa available in public databases. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative morphological, phylogenetic and molecular study of two species of Leptopsylla genus with zoonotic relevance (Leptopsylla segnis and Leptopsylla taschenbergi) isolated from rodents collected from different geographical areas of Europe in order to molecularly characterize both taxa and to establish their taxonomic and phylogenetic status within Leptopsyllidae family. For this purpose, we have analysed and compared several morphological traits between L. segnis and L. taschenbergi and compared five different molecular markers (ITS2, EF1‐α, cox1, cox2 and cytb) among these both species and others belonging to Leptopsyllidae family. Based on the morphological results, we found a phenotypic plasticity phenomenon in one female specimen showing morphological characters of L. segnis but molecular sequences distinctive for L. taschenbergi. Furthermore, the molecular and phylogenetic analysis could easily discriminate among both species providing, by the first time, a monophyletic origin of Leptopsyllidae family. Lastly, with this work, we demonstrate one more time, the usefulness of the combination of mitochondrial and nuclear markers to solve taxonomic and phylogenetic issues within Siphonaptera field by the use of concatenated dataset.
La Fe en la voluntad nupcial : un acercamiento a la doctrina emanada de los discursos a la Rota Romana pronunciados por los Sumos Pontífices, Juan Pablo II, Benedicto XVI y Francisco
Authors:   , Lucumi Holguín Semey de Jesús 
Published: July 2022

La Iglesia asume el sacramento del matrimonio y la familia, realidades íntimamente unidas, como bienes preciosos de la humanidad (Juan Pablo II, 1981), que ofrecen bienestar al hombre y a toda la sociedad humana, (CONCILIO ECUMENICO VATICANO II, 1967). Este trabajo precisa sobre esta realidad sacramental del matrimonio, el cual se ve a partir de la fe, virtud que ha de iluminar y fortalecer a todos los bautizados que promueven la esencia sacramental del estado matrimonial y su valor eximio. El siguiente trabajo sin ser pretencioso, busca hacer una síntesis que lleve a identificar los antecedentes histórico canónicos subyacentes en las alocuciones de los Sumos Pontífices Juan Pablo II en el año 2003, Benedicto XVI en el año 2013 y Francisco en los años 2015 y 2016, al Tribunal de la Rota Romana al inaugurar el año judicial en materia de la falta de fe en el momento de contraer matrimonio, definir de manera analítica los núcleos jurídicos que el magisterio Papal presenta al Tribunal de la Rota Romana y presentar a manera de síntesis los núcleos jurídicos del magisterio rotal y las propuestas jurídicas que de este han emanado para la tarea judicial de la Iglesia. Esto se enmarca dentro del interés que despierta el derecho matrimonial, sobre todo en el campo pastoral ámbito donde "la salvación de las almas, ley suprema en la Iglesia (canon 1752) tiene una gran aplicación.
Compensation of Thermally Induced Errors in Five-Axis Computer Numerical Control Machining Centers Equipped With Different Spindles
Authors: Horejš Otakar , Mareš Martin , Havlík Lukáš 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Thermally induced errors are the dominant source of inaccuracy in machine tools today and are often the most difficult type of error to reduce. Software compensation of thermally induced displacements at the tool center point (TCP) is a widely employed error reduction technique due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation. Transfer function (TF)-based compensation methods lead to promising results, as has been shown in previous studies. Furthermore, machine tool manufacturers frequently offer the same type of machine tool equipped with different spindle units. This leads to different thermal deformation behavior depending on the specific spindle unit mounted in the machine tool. To demonstrate this difference, experimental research is carried out on three five-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machining centers of the same type equipped with three different spindle units. The experimentally obtained thermal errors at the TCP of three machine tools with different mounted spindle units are compared, showing a significant variation in thermal errors in the Z-direction depending on the spindle unit. The research presented in this paper shows a dynamic approach to thermal error compensation of five-axis CNC machining centers considering different spindle units. System identification theory is applied to build dynamic thermal error models for three different spindle units based on calibration experiments. Subsequently, the evaluation of model performance through spindle spectrum tests shows that a reduction in thermal error of up to 85% was achieved in the Z-direction after compensation.
Approximate Motion Generation of an Epicyclic Gear Train With Noncircular Gears Based on Optimization–Homotopy Algorithm
Authors: Wang Lei , Sun Liang , Yu Gaohong , Zhou Yuzhu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims to make approximate motion generation that has multiple solutions to facilitate the selection of the best mechanism parameters. Therefore, an approximate synthesis method for an epicyclic gear train (EGT) with noncircular gears based on optimization–homotopy algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, the multipose synthesis objective function of a simplified model of EGT (planar RR dyad) is established. The approximate motion generation is transformed into the extremum problem of multivariate function, and a variable is introduced to expand the solution space. A homotopy algorithm is used to solve the gradient equation of the objective function to obtain the finite range solution domain. Second, the feasible solution domain of EGT is obtained by identifying the total rotation of revolute joints of the RR dyad, and a mechanism error evaluation index is established. In accordance with actual constraints, the most suitable solution is selected in the feasible solution domain, and the relative angular displacement relationship of the selected RR dyad is used to determine the transmission ratio and pitch curve of noncircular gears to realize the design of an EGT. Lastly, a design example is provided to illustrate the feasibility of the method.
Supplemental Material: Critical metal enrichment in crustal melts: The role of metamorphic mica
Authors: Kunz Barbara E. , al. et 
Published: July 2022

<p>Appendix S1 (sample descriptions), Appendix S2 (table with mineral assemblages), Appendix S3 (detailed methods description for LA-ICP-MS analysis), Appendix S4 (LA-ICP-MS spot locations), and Appendix S5 (major- and trace-element data table for samples and secondary standard). </p>
Establishing a baseline for surgical care in Mongolia: a situational analysis using the six indicators from the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery
Authors: Nunez Jade M , Nellermoe Jonathan , Davis Andrea , Ruhnke Simon , Gonchigjav Battsetseg , Bat-Erdene Nomindari , Zorigtbaatar Anudari , Jalali Ali , Bagley Kevin , Katz Micah , Pioli Hannah , Bat-Erdene Batsaikhan , Erdene Sarnai , Orgoi Sergelen , Price Raymond R , Lundeg Ganbold 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo inform national planning, six indicators posed by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery were collected for the Mongolian surgical system. This situational analysis shows one lower middle-income country’s ability to collect the indicators aided by a well-developed health information system.DesignAn 11-year retrospective analysis of the Mongolian surgical system using data from the Health Development Center, National Statistics Office and Household Socio-Economic Survey. Access estimates were based on travel time to capable hospitals. Provider density, surgical volume and postoperative mortality were calculated at national and regional levels. Protection against impoverishing and catastrophic expenditures was assessed against standard out-of-pocket expenditure at government hospitals for individual operations.SettingMongolia’s 81 public hospitals with surgical capability, including tertiary, secondary and primary/secondary facilities.ParticipantsAll operative patients in Mongolia’s public hospitals, 2006–2016.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were national-level results of the indicators. Secondary outcomes include regional access; surgeons, anaesthesiologists and obstetricians (SAO) density; surgical volume; and perioperative mortality.ResultsIn 2016, 80.1% of the population had 2-hour access to essential surgery, including 60% of those outside the capital. SAO density was 47.4/100 000 population. A coding change increased surgical volume to 5784/100 000 population, and in-hospital mortality decreased from 0.27% to 0.14%. All households were financially protected from caesarean section. Appendectomy carried 99.4% and 98.4% protection, external femur fixation carried 75.4% and 50.7% protection from impoverishing and catastrophic expenditures, respectively. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy carried 42.9% protection from both.ConclusionsMongolia meets national benchmarks for access, provider density, surgical volume and postoperative mortality with notable limitations. Significant disparities exist between regions. Unequal access may be efficiently addressed by strengthening or building key district hospitals in population-dense areas. Increased financial protections are needed for operations involving hardware or technology. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation will support the development of context-specific interventions to improve surgical care in Mongolia.