bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auswirkungen der COVID-19 Pandemie auf die urologische Weiterbildung in Deutschland
Authors: Aksoy Cem , Reimold Philipp , Borgmann Hendrik , Kölker Mara , Cebulla Angelika , Struck Julian Peter , Zehe Viktor , Nestler Tim , von Landenberg Nicolas , Uhlig Annemarie , Boehm Katharina , Leitsmann Marianne 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Publikationen verschiedenster medizinischer Fachgesellschaften und Länder weisen auf einen negativen Einfluss der COVID-19 Pandemie auf die Weiterbildung von Ärzten hin.
Fragestellung Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Weiterbildungssituation
urologischer Assistenzärzte in Deutschland während der 1. Welle der Pandemie zu
erfassen.
Material und Methoden Vom 20.05.2020 bis 20.06.2020 wurde eine
deutschlandweite Onlineumfrage zur Weiterbildungssituation über die Mitglieder der
Arbeitsgruppe Versorgungsforschung & Soziale Medien des Forschungsnetzwerkes GeSRU
Academics, über soziale Netzwerke (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) und den monatlichen
Newsletter der German Society of Residents in Urology (GeSRU e.V.) an die Zielgruppe der
urologischen Assistenzärzte verteilt. Die Umfrage erfasste 3 Teilbereiche: 1)
Grundcharakteristika der Teilnehmer, 2) genereller und 3) subjektiver Einfluss der COVID-19
Pandemie auf Klinik und Weiterbildung.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen 50 Assistenzärzte an der Umfrage teil,
davon waren 54% Frauen. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 30,9 Jahre. Die meisten Teilnehmer
befanden sich im 2. (22%) sowie im 5. (26%) Ausbildungsjahr und arbeiteten in einer
Universitätsklinik (44%) oder in einem Haus der Maximalversorgung (30%) in Baden-Württemberg
(18%), Hamburg (16%) oder Bayern (14%). 38% der Befragten gaben an, aufgrund der COVID-19
Pandemie nur noch im Notfallbetrieb zu arbeiten. Für 28% bedeutete dies eine sehr starke
Verzögerung (80-100%) der Facharztausbildung, während weitere 28% nur eine geringe
Einschränkung angaben. 66% dokumentierten Beeinträchtigungen der Ausbildung aufgrund eines
reduzierten OP-Einsatzes, weniger Einsätzen in der Ambulanz (50%) sowie der Absage von
Kongressen (50%) und Weiterbildungen (44%). 46% der Befragten gaben direkten Kontakt zu
COVID-19 Patienten an. 10% wurden fachfremd auf interdisziplinären Überwachungsstationen
eingesetzt. Insgesamt wurden zahlreiche Schritte zum „physical distancing“ und
Hygienemaßnahmen von den Kliniken umgesetzt, um Infektionsausbreitungen zu vermeiden.
Diskussion Mehr als die Hälfte (56%) der urologischen Assistenzärzte gaben deutliche Einschränkungen in der Weiterbildung durch die COVID-19 Pandemie an. Die Verzögerung der Ausbildung lässt sich aktuell noch nicht in Zeiteinheiten messen, es ist jedoch anzunehmen, dass die Weiterbildung für Ärzte während der Pandemie eine geringere Qualität im Vergleich zu vorausgehenden Generationen haben dürfte.
Polyoxometalate–Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Ritter Reaction for Efficient Synthesis of Amides
Authors: Zhang Lan-Cui , Gao Shuang , Zhang Lei , Chen Bo , He Peipei , Li Guosong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA series of polyoxometalate-ionic liquid catalysts that combine the features of a polyoxometalate and an ionic liquid, with the introduction of acidity and miscibility, have been developed to promote the Ritter reaction. Among them, [BSmim]CuPW12O40 [BSmim = 1-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium] displayed the highest activity for the amidation of a variety of alcohols with nitriles, delivering the corresponding amide products in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the reaction can be easily scaled up to a gram scale without losing eﬃciency. This process therefore provides an appealing way to prepare amides by a Ritter reaction using a polyoxometalate–ionic liquid-based catalyst.
Frailty as a Predictor of Complications and Transplant-Free Survival after Transarterial Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Rabei Rana , Vakil Parmede , King Bradley , Lokken R. Peter , Heller Michael , Fidelman Nicholas , Kohi Maureen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose To determine the association between frailty, 30-day complications, rehospitalization, and transplant-free survival (TFS) following conventional and drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization.
Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 125 patients with treatment-naïve hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent conventional or drug-eluting beads chemoembolization at our institution between 2014 and 2015. Liver function parameters, Barcelona clinic liver cancer tumor stage, and all components of the five-item modified frailty index (mFI-5) were used to determine the patient's frailty status. Key end points included severe (grade 3 or above) adverse events of chemoembolization, 30-day rehospitalization rates, and TFS. Logistic regression analysis was performed on conventional predictors of postoperative complications after chemoembolization. Median survival was estimated and compared using the Kaplan–Meier's estimator and log-rank test.
Results Among 125 patients who underwent first-time chemoembolization, higher frailty score was an independent predictor of both 30-day hospital readmission and severe liver toxicity (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively) on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Each point increase in mFI-5 conferred a threefold or twofold increase in the risk of experiencing 30-day rehospitalization or postoperative severe adverse events, respectively. At the data censor date, patients with mFI-5 score ≥ 2 had decreased overall TFS (28.1 vs. 39.8 months, p = 0.03).
Conclusion Increasing frailty as determined by mFI-5 is an independent predictor of 30-day complications and lower TFS following chemoembolization.
Childhood Brucellosis: A Single-Center Experience from the Central Mediterranean Region of Turkey
Authors: Salman Hakan , Akçam Füsun Zeynep , Arslan Müjgan , Atar Müge , Keskin Mahmut , Akçam Mustafa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease in developing countries, which can occur with varying clinical findings and cause complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate cases diagnosed with brucellosis that were followed up in our clinic over the last 10 years.
Methods A retrospective evaluation was made of cases diagnosed with brucellosis and then followed up and treated as inpatients or outpatients in our clinic between January 2011 and 2021. Patient data were obtained from the hospital automated records system.
Results This study included 81 cases comprising 43 (53.1%) males and 38 (46.9%) females with a mean age of 10.7 ± 4.5 years (range, 13 months–18 years). There was a history of consuming unpasteurized milk and/or dairy products in 69 (85.2%) patients, living in a rural location in 66 (81.3%), and the family keeping livestock in 49 (60.5%) cases; there was a family history of brucellosis in 31 (38.3%) cases. The most common complaint at presentation was joint pain in 71.6%, the most common finding on physical examination was fever (59.3%), and the most common laboratory finding was elevated C-reactive protein (71.6% of cases). Brucella spp. were isolated from 12 of 43 patients who had blood cultures performed. Complications occurred in 33 (40.7%) cases, most commonly involving the osteoarticular system.
Conclusion Priority should be given to family education about not consuming raw animal products. Animals should be checked, vaccinated, and treated with a multidisciplinary approach. Until the clinical condition in endemic areas is proven to be due to a different cause, patients should be examined with the suspicion that any clinical finding may be due to brucellosis.
Clinical Outcomes of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduates with Bridled Nasogastric Feeding Tubes
Authors: McBride Elizabeth B. , Lasarev Michael R. , O'Connell Daniel M. , Limjoco Jamie J. 
Published: May 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to describe clinical outcomes of bridled nasogastric tube (NGT) program implementation for infants requiring assisted home feeding (AHF) to discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Study Design This was a descriptive prospective analysis of a pilot cohort of infants after implementation of a bridled NGT AHF program to facilitate discharge from level III and IV NICUs from March 2019 to October 2020.
Results Of 29 attempts in infants, 22 infants were discharged with bridled NGTs over 18 months. Bridle placement was unsuccessful in three patients, and four bridles were removed before discharge. Bridle use ranged from 7 to 125 days, with a median duration of 37 days. Dislodgement rate was 0.69 per 100 days. Seventeen infants (77%) achieved full oral feeds, while five (23%) discharged with bridled NGTs later converted to gastrostomy tubes.
Conclusion Implementation of a bridled NGT program is feasible for level III and IV NICUs to facilitate discharging infants who require feeding support to transition home.
Key Points
Effective magnetic path length in Epstein frame test of electrical steels
Authors: Chen Du-Xing , Zhu Yong-Hong 
Published: May 2022

The effective magnetic path length lm for a 25 cm Epstein frame test is studied on the basis of a relevant demagnetizing model and determined by a comparative measurement of dc and ac hysteresis loops at each value of peak flux density Bp, with the field recorded by H-coils placed above the mid-section of the limbs or calculated from the magnetizing current. The obtained Bp and frequency dependences of lm for testing core loss Ps and peak field Hp of an electrical steel are explained in terms of differential susceptibility along the measured loops and demagnetizing and eddy-current effects on local magnetization processes.
Effects of heat stress on
Authors: Amini A. , Pirmohammadi R. , Khalilvandi-Behroozyar H. , Mazaheri-Khameneh R. 
Published: May 2022

Context Interest in studying heat stress (HS) has increased significantly due to the problems associated with increasing global warming. Heat stress has very destructive effects on the health and performance of livestock. Aims Our objective was to investigate the effects of heat stress on in vivo and in vitro ruminal metabolism in fat-tailed Iranian sheep. Methods Fourteen intact non-lactating and non-pregnant mature fat-tailed Makoei ewes (67.5 ± 2.5 kg BW) were kept indoors for 24 h/day and randomly assigned to HS (33.0–41.0°C and a temperature–humidity index (THI) of ≥83 for 24 h/day) or thermoneutral (TN; 24.5 ± 2.3°C and a THI of 66.1 ± 2.5) condition in two consecutive experimental periods. At the end of first experimental period, the animals in each group were exchanged with another group. The ewes were fed a total mixed ration two times a day, composed of lucerne hay (33%) and corn silage (1:2) to meet their maintenance metabolisable energy and protein requirements. Key results HS ewes had lower dry-matter (DM) intake than did TN ewes (P < 0.05). HS increased the in vivo DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.05), but crude protein digestibility was not affected. Total volatile fatty acid concentration and pH were not affected by HS. However, propionate molar percentage was increased and N-NH3 concentration was decreased by HS. In vitro gas production of three different tested feeds was lower in rumen fluid collected from HS than that from TN group, but DM and OM digestibility and methane emission were decreased only in the case of Orchard grass (P < 0.05). Conclusions and implications In general, HS had detrimental effects on DM intake and in vitro nutrient digestibility but increased in vivo nutrient digestibility, and changed microbial population.
Chronic frames of social inequality: How mainstream media frame race, gender, and wealth inequality
Authors: Jun Sora , Chow Rosalind M. , van der Veen A. Maurits , Bleich Erik 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceHow social inequality is described—as advantage or disadvantage—critically shapes individuals’ responses to it. As such, it is important to document how people, in fact, choose to describe inequality. Using multiple methods and research contexts, we find that race and gender inequalities are chronically described as subordinate groups’ disadvantages, whereas wealth inequality is chronically described using no frame or as the dominant group’s advantage. Moreover, these differences in chronic frames are related to the perceived legitimacy of the inequality domain. The presence of such chronic frames and their association with perceived legitimacy may be mechanisms underlying the systematic inattention to White individuals’ and men’s advantages, and the disadvantages of the working class.
An aggregation inhibitor specific to oligomeric intermediates of Aβ42 derived from phage display libraries of stable, small proteins
Authors: Linse Sara , Sormanni Pietro , O’Connell David J. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Alzheimer’s disease affects a growing number of people, but a cure is lacking. The disease is connected to the formation of plaques in the brain, the first of which appear years before the first symptoms. Current approaches fail to stop or revert the propagation of these plaques, which are also a source of neurotoxic species in the form of oligomers. This work represents two directions toward therapeutic developments: 1) the design and production of protein libraries based on a small and stable scaffold, and 2) the realization of a screening procedure that allows for the identification of oligomer binders. The approach is successful in identifying a candidate protein that binds to oligomers and reduces the rate of plaque proliferation.
Imaging of simulated muscle based on single chip of AlN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer
Authors: Qu Mengjiao , Ding Hong , Li Dongsheng , Zhu Ke , Lv Dongze , Xu Hao , Guo Xishan , Xie Jin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Most of current portable B-mode medical imaging is based on traditional ultrasonic transducers (UTs) or capacitive micromachined UTs, both of them have defects that impede satisfying performance. Piezoelectric micromachined UTs (pMUTs) is a promising solution for portable/wearable B-mode imaging as alternative. This work demonstrates B-mode imaging of simulated muscle with an aluminum nitride (AlN) pMUT array for application of muscle disorder diagnosis. A 23 × 26 pMUT array with resonant frequency of 5 MHz (in oil) is fabricated based on cavity silicon-on-insulator process. It has transmitting sensitivity of 3.6 kPa V−1 at 10 mm, receiving sensitivity of 1.1 μV Pa−1 and −6 dB bandwidth of 40% (in oil). Feasibility of muscle imaging based on pMUT is demonstrated by using muscle-like phantoms. Imaging results shows clear interfaces among layers, the axial and lateral resolution is 0.20 mm and 1.23 mm respectively. Furthermore, ex-vivo B-mode scans towards porcine tissues based on pMUT are firstly demonstrated. Different tissues including muscle, subcutaneous fat, fascia and hematoma is distinguished. The maximum imaging depth inside the porcine tissue is above 40 mm. These results demonstrate great potential of the pMUT array in muscle imaging.
Negative temperature phenomena in two coupled qubit-ensembles
Authors: Han Yu-xiang , Wang Xin , Li Hong-rong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Negative absolute temperature has a wide range of applications, such as high-efficiency quantum heat engines, quantum refrigerators, and quantum simulation. In a recent paper (2018 Phys. Rev. Lett.
120 060403), the authors proposed two spin ensembles coupled to the same reservoir collectively; one ensemble relaxes to negative temperature since the two ensembles have unbalanced spin sizes. However, the coherent coupling mediated by the common environment is not considered. Here, we discuss negative temperature in a system where two qubit-ensembles are coupled to the same 1D waveguide. In the limit of Markovian approximation, by investigating the coherent coupling and non-cross (cross) collective decay between two qubit-ensembles, we find that the duration of the negative temperature state depends on the distance between the two ensembles. The decrease in negative temperature duration is due to the coherent coupling between the two ensembles that will hybridize the unitary evolution of the system. Some optimal points produce the longest duration of negative temperature, but this could not occur since the distance is out of the range of the appropriate regions. The negative temperature subensemble plays the role of a reservoir in the quantum Otto heat engine, which takes place beyond the Otto limit.
Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption cross-over with a four-level Rydberg system
Authors: Oyun Yağız , Çakır Özgür , Sevinçli Sevilay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) are quantum coherence phenomena which result from the interference of excitation pathways. Combining these with Rydberg atoms have opened up many possibilities for various applications. We introduce a theoretical model to study Rydberg-EIT and Rydberg-EIA effects in cold Cs and Rb atomic ensembles in a four-level ladder type scheme taking into account van der Waals type interactions between the atoms. The proposed many-body method for analysis of such systems involves a self-consistent mean field approach and it produces results which display a very good agreement with recent experiments. Our calculations also successfully demonstrate experimentally observed EIT-EIA cross-over in the Rb case. Being able to simulate the interaction effects in such systems has significant importance, especially for controlling the optical response of these.
Change Volmer–Weber to Frank–van der Merwe growth model of epitaxial BiVO4 film
Authors: Zhai Pengwei , Kou Shiwen , Peng Yaru , Shi Yuxin , Jiang Haoxiang , Li Guoqiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A continuous bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) thin film is necessary for the study of physical properties. In previous studies, it grows in the Volmer–Weber model, and shows the island morphology. Here, we realize the change of growth model from the Volmer–Weber to the Frank–van der Merwe growth model by selecting the different substrates during the preparation via magnetron sputtering method. The BiVO4 thin films on strontium titanate (STO (100)) substrate and yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ (001)) substrate was grown in in Frank–van der Merwe model and Volmer–Weber model, respectively. The BiVO4 thin films on STO (100) and YSZ (001) is oriented on (h00) and (0k0) of monoclinic structure.
Effect of semiconducting nature of ZnO interfacial layer on inverted organic solar cell performance
Authors: Sreedharan Anjusree , Das Bikas C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The light-soaking effect is one of the major drawbacks for inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) if metal oxides are used as the electron transport layer (ETL). The oxide ETL primarily originates the above effect from the energy barrier, deep level defects, and excess carriers tunneling. Here, electron-beam evaporated high-quality pristine and post-treated e-ZnO thin films are utilized to fabricate inverted OSC as the ETL between the transparent cathode and active bulk-heterojunction PBDB-T-2Cl:PC61BM layer to study the influence on device performance. Various experimental techniques, including AFM, XRD, XPS, and UPS, are utilized to identify the surface and semiconducting properties of differently treated interfacial e-ZnO films precisely. XPS results reveal the variation of oxygen vacancies and adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of e-ZnO layers. The semiconducting nature of various e-ZnO thin films for the use of ETL are also probed with the help of UPS results, which accurately locate the valence band maximum and Fermi level position. After correlating the property of e-ZnO systematically with the respective OSC device performance, it is found that the deeper valence band top and higher n-type nature of e-ZnO is desirable to depict the light soaking free highest solar cell efficiency and large open-circuit voltage of about 0.97 V in a single junction. The presence of lesser chemisorbed oxygen species over the e-ZnO surface might be an added advantage to demonstrate the light soaking free operation in inverted OSC devices.
Temperature effects on the conductance, spin-valley polarization and tunneling magnetoresistance of single magnetic silicene junctions
Authors: Rojas-Briseño J G , Villasana-Mercado P , Briones-Torres J A , Oubram O , Molina-Valdovinos S , Rodríguez-Vargas I 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Magnetic silicene junctions are versatile structures with spin-valley polarization and magnetoresistive capabilities. Here, we investigate the temperature effects on the transport properties of single magnetic silicene junctions. We use the transfer matrix method and the Landauer–Büttiker formalism to calculate the transmittance, conductance, spin-valley polarization and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR). We studied the case for T = 0 K, finding the specific parameters where the spin-valley polarization and the TMR reach optimized values. Regarding the temperature effects, we find that its impact is not the same on the different transport properties. In the case of the conductance, depending on the spin-valley configuration the resonant peaks disappear at different temperatures. The spin polarization persists at a considerable value up to T = 80 K, contrary to the valley polarization which is more susceptible to the temperature effects. In addition, a stepwise spin-valley polarization can be achieved at low temperature. The TMR is attenuated considerably as the temperature rises, decreasing more than two orders of magnitude after T = 20 K. These findings indicate that in order to preserve the spin-valley polarization and magnetoresistive capabilities of magnetic silicene junctions is fundamental to modulate the temperature adequately.
Novel training method for metal-oxide memristive synapse device to overcome trade-off between linearity and dynamic range
Authors: Seo Jongseon , Han Geonhui , Lee Daeseok 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Synapse devices are essential for the hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing systems. However, it is difficult to realize ideal synapse devices because of issues such as nonlinear conductance change (linearity) and a small number of conductance states (dynamic range). In this study, the correlation between the linearity and dynamic range was investigated. Consequently, we found a trade-off relationship between the linearity and dynamic range and proposed a novel training method to overcome this trade-off.
On characterising assemblages in Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen scenarios
Authors: Rossi Vinicius P , Hoban Matty J , Sainz Ana Belén 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Characterising non-classical quantum phenomena is crucial not only from a fundamental perspective, but also to better understand its capabilities for information processing and communication tasks. In this work, we focus on exploring the characterisation of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen inference (a.k.a. steering): a signature of non-classicality manifested when one or more parties in a Bell scenario have their systems and measurements described by quantum theory, rather than being treated as black boxes. We propose a way of characterising common-cause assemblages from the correlations that arise when the trusted party performs tomographically-complete measurements on their share of the experiment, and discuss the advantages and challenges of this approach. Within this framework, we show that so-called almost quantum assemblages satisfy the principle of macroscopic noncontextuality, and demonstrate that a subset of almost quantum correlations recover almost quantum assemblages in this approach.