bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OUTCOME FOLLOWING ORBITAL FLOOR FRACTURE RECONSTRUCTION USING SILASTIC IMPLANTS
Authors: Sakarin Sarawin , Sringkarawat Sophilak , Tasanachaikul Sukhum , Wongprakob Nuttadon , Wanichjaroen Nutthapong , Pruksapong Chatchai , Attainsee Akaradech , Jankajorn Suttisan , Burusapat Chairat 
Published: February 2022

Background: Orbital floor fracture is typically present with peri-orbital ecchymosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, enophthalmos and diplopia. The goals of reconstruction are to restore the volume and shape of the orbital cavity with autogenous or alloplastic materials. However, no gold standard exists for orbital implants to treat orbital floor fractures and remains controversial. Silicone was one of the most common biocompatible materials used for orbital floor reconstruction.
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients reconstructed using silastic sheets in the case of orbital wall fractures.
Methods: A multi-center, retrospective study of patients with orbital floor fractures was conducted from January 2010 to December 2019. Inclusion criteria included patients with orbital floor fractures and reconstruction using silastic sheets. Patients with orbital floor fractures and treated with other materials were excluded. The database included age, sex, cause of injury, size of floor defects, associated injury, underlying complication and period of follow-up.
Results: A total of 32 patients with orbital floor fractures divided in 20 patients from Phramongkutklao Hospital and 12 patients from Songkla Hospital were included. Twenty-five patients were male (78.13%). Mean age of patients was 35.62 years (range, 15 to 62 years). Causes of injury included traffic accident (78.13%) and body assault (18.75 %). Pure orbital floor fractures were found at 31.25%. Associated injuries included fractured zygoma 43.75%, nasal bone 21.87% and fractured maxilla 12.50%. Average size of defects was 2.01 cm2. Average time to follow-up was 2.69 years. Complications were found in three cases (extrusion of silicone sheet, loss of sensation and dystopia). Extrusion was found 2 months postoperation and removal of silicone sheet was performed. Complete recovery of sensation of the infra-orbital nerve was shown at 6 months postoperation.
Conclusion: No gold standard exists for implants to treat orbital floor fractures. Orbital floor reconstruction using silastic sheets involves a low complication rate and satisfactory outcome. Herein, silastic sheets can be safely used for orbital wall augmentation and provides good long term outcomes.
Prediction of Performance of Waterjet Propulsors by Surface Panel Method
Authors: Moon Il-Sung , Lee Chang-Sup , Song In-Haeng , Kim Ki-Sup 
Published: February 2022

This paper describes a potential-based panel method formulated for the prediction of the steady performance of a waterjet propulsor. The method employs normal dipoles and sources distributed on the solid surfaces such as the impeller/stator blades, hub and duct, and normal dipoles in the shed wakes trailing the impeller and stator to represent the potential flow around the waterjet propulsor. To define a closed boundary surface, the inlet and outlet open boundary surfaces are introduced where the sources and dipoles are distributed.
The kinematic boundary condition on the solid boundary surface is satisfied by requiring that the normal component of the total velocity should vanish. On the inlet surface, the total inflow flux into the duct is specified, and on the outlet surface the conservation of mass principle is applied to evaluate the source strength. The solid surfaces are discretized into a set of quadrilateral panel elements and the strengths of sources and dipoles are assumed constant at each panel. Applying this approximation to the boundary conditions leads to a set of simultaneous equations.
Systematic numerical tests show that the present numerical method is fast and stable. In order to validate the present method, sample computations are carried out first for the case of a screw within an axial circular cylinder, and a conventional axial flow fan, having a similar geometry as the waterjet propulsor, and then for the case of a waterjet propulsor on which experiments are carried out at KRISO(Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering). Comparisons between predictions and experiments are promising.
A Coupled Lifting-Surface Analysis Technique for Marine Propulsors in Steady Flow
Authors: Kerwin J. E. , Taylor T. E. , Black S. D. , McHugh G. P. 
Published: February 2022

A technique has been developed for the analysis of single and multiple blade-row open and ducted marine propulsors. The analysis technique includes a treatment of contracted stream tube geometries and blade thickness-load corrections.
This analysis procedure was developed to function either with an input effective inflow or coupled with an axisymmetric viscous flow solver. Sample analysis calculations are shown for an open propeller and for an open stator-rotor combination. These examples are compared with experimental data.
A Review on Vermicompost Enrichment: In Prospect of Village Level
Authors: Yogi Sourabh , Khune V. N. , Bhagat Vandana , Singh Nishma , Pathak Rupal , Bhagat Sudheer , Soni Anupam 
Published: February 2022

Cow dung is very useful as fertilizer, with help of earthworms a unique product vermicompost is formed. Importance of vermicompost over chemical fertilizer is accepted by all. There is plenty of cow dung but vermi tank are limited, here we have discussed some innovations to fasten the process of maturation by using decomposer, bacteria and fungi species, here we have reviewed different methods. It found significantly higher phosphorus percent in slurry method, slight more K percent compare to conventional method, not much difference in N content are reported, almost two folds increase in useful bacteria fungi and azotobacter population are recorded as compare to conventional. There are reported increase in N and P contents of manure after inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and N-fixing bacteria. Waste decomposer which contains fungi Trichoderma viridae and strains of bacteria Pseudomonus fluorescence and Azotobactor chroococcum also impart positive effects on nutrients composition in manure and also a symbiosis effect on earthworm population. The method of Pile composting enriched with decomposer will be prove as very useful for huge quantity waste with less resources and time.
Spectral Radius of a Normal Operator
Authors: Simiyu Achiles Nyongesa , Alosa Philis , Olege Fanuel 
Published: February 2022

Let X be a Complex Banach space and T be a bounded operator in X. The number sup {|λ| : λ ∈ σ(T)} (where σ(T) is the spectrum of T and σ(T) ̸= ϕ) is called the spectral radius of T and denoted by r(T). Since λ ≤ ∥T∥for all λ ∈ σ(T), it follows that r(T) ≤ ∥T∥. The spectral mapping theorem implies that r(Tn) = (r(T))n for every positive integer n. It frequently turns out that it is easy to compute the spectral radius of an operator even if it is hard to _nd the spectrum. This is often made easy by the spectral radius formula. Let H be a Hilbert space and T be a bounded linear operator in H. In this paper we show that if T is normal, then Tn is normal for each n ∈ N and ∥Tn∥ = ∥T∥n. Consequently, we use the spectral radius formula to show that r(T) = ∥T∥. Moreover, we show that if X is a Complex Banach space and T is bounded in X then there is a λ belonging to the spectrum of T such that |λ| = r(T). Let H be a Complex Hilbert space and T be a bounded operator in H which is normal; we show that ∥T∥ = sup {|Tx, x| : x ∈ H and ∥x∥ = 1} and the residual spectrum of T is void.
Effect of Irrigation Scheduling and Sowing Windows on Yield and Yield Attributes of Wheat
Authors: Prajapat Arjun Lal , Saxena Rani , Lal Mandeewal Rameshwr , Sharma Mahesh , Didal Bhuwnesh 
Published: February 2022

Present experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Research farm, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Durgapura, Jobner, Rajasthan to find out the response of wheat cultivars to irrigation scheduling under different sowing dates. Thirty-six treatment combinations were investigated. Treatments comprises four irrigation levels: I1 (0.6 Etc), I2 (0.8 Etc), I3 (1.0 Etc) and I4 (1.2 Etc), three cultivars: C1 (Raj-4120), C2 (Raj-4079) and C3 (Raj-4238) and three dates of sowing: D1 (15th Nov.), D2 (30th Nov.) and D3 (15th Dec.) in split plot design. A critical examination of results showed that irrigation applied at 1.2 Etc (I4) recorded the maximum values of yield parameters (effective tiller per metre row length, number of grains per spike, length of spike per spike, spikes per metre square area and test weight) and yields. Further results on cultivar indicated that the Raj 4079 proved significantly superior over Raj 4120 and Raj 4238 with respect to all yield attributes. However, results showed that sowing of wheat on 15th November gave higher values for yield attributes and yield.
Role of Immunity in Pediatric Drug Resistant Epilepsy: Clinical, Neurophysiological, Neuroimaging and Immunological Study
Authors: A. Labib Nema , Abd El-Rahman Wael A. F. , El-Gammal Tarek M. , El-Seidy Ehab A. S. , Ateya Gehan F. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Autoimmune epilepsy was an under-recognized condition, and its true incidence was unknown in pediatrics. Serum antibodies suggesting a potential autoimmune etiology were detected in 34.8% of patients presented by epilepsy of unknown etiology. Diagnosis of autoimmune epilepsy would be of great value in the search for potential preventive treatments for disabling seizures and cognitive impairment.
Autoimmune epilepsy was characterized by a depressed or altered level of consciousness, lasting more than 24 h, lethargy, or change in personality or behavior and at least one of the following features: neuropsychiatric symptoms, seizures, movement disorder, or cognitive dysfunction. Patients were excluded if an alternative diagnosis was made. The presence of neuronal antibodies and MRI changes supported the diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the possible role of immunity in the pathogenesis of pediatric drug resistant epilepsy through clinical electroencephalographic, neuroimaging and neuro-immunological testing.
Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on twenty-four drug resistant epileptic children with suspected autoimmune etiology over the period from 2016-2018. The control group comprised twenty four children with idiopathic controlled epilepsy matched to the drug-resistant epilepsy sample for age and gender. Both groups were subjected to clinical examination, neuronal antibodies in serum and CSF, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Chalfont seizure severity scale (CSSS), EEG, and brain MRI studies.
Results: There was a large percentage of autoimmune epilepsy in pediatric cryptogenic drug-resistant epilepsy. 55% of DRE cases presented with mild pleocytosis and elevated CSF proteins. Serum and CSF neuronal antibodies were positive in about 66.63% and 65% of cases respectively. Serum neuronal antibodies to GAD were positive in 8.33%, NMDA Abs were positive in 33.3%, and VGKC Abs were in 25.0% of cases. In the CSF, GAD antibodies were positive in 10%, NMDA antibodies in 40%, and VGKC antibodies in 20% of cases. Seizures reduction was achieved with immunotherapy, also was prevalent in seropositive cases.
Conclusion: Pediatric patients presented by drug-resistant epilepsy should receive immunotherapy for a definite diagnosis. MRI changes in the form of temporal hyperintensity, claustrum, cortical hyperintensities were a common finding in pediatric patients presented by drug-resistant epilepsy. CSF changes in the form of elevated proteins and /or mild pleocytosis signified inflammatory changes in the CNS and blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Steroid responsiveness played a major role in the diagnosis of autoimmune epilepsy, especially seronegative cases.
Ameliorating Effects of Solanum anomalum Thonn. Ex. Schumach Fruit Extracts on Paracetamol-induced Kidney Injuries and Haemato-biochemical Indices in Rats
Authors: J. Offor Samuel , J. Akpan Sifon Obong , Tologbonse Adedayo A. , A. Umoh Romanus , Akpan Daniel F. 
Published: February 2022

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a widely used non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic drug that is safe at therapeutic doses but toxic to the liver and kidneys in overdose. Although the risk of paracetamol-induced liver injury is much higher than in the kidneys, incidents of kidney damage by paracetamol should not be ignored, given the enormous cost of treating kidney diseases, particularly in resource-challenged developing nations. In an onerous quest for a cheaper and readily available antidote, this study examined the effect of Solanum anomalum fruit extract on paracetamol-induced kidney injuries and haemato-biochemical indices in rats. Twenty-five mature albino rats of both sexes were used, divided into five groups of five rats per group. Group 1 (normal control) rats were given distilled water (10ml/kg) for 8 days, group 2 (negative control) given distilled water (10 ml/kg) for 8 days, group 3 (positive control) given 100 mg/kg Silymarin for 8 days, group 4 given 452 mg/kg of S. anomalum fruit extract for 8 days, and group 5 given 678 mg/kg of S. anomalum fruit extract for 8 days. Thereafter, 2.0 g/kg of paracetamol was administered to groups 2-5 orally on the 8th day. Rats in group 2 showed significant increases in urea, creatinine, sodium ion, total WBCs, decrease in PCV, Hb concentration and RBCs. Administration of Solanum anomalum fruit extract significantly reversed most of these biomarkers. Histopathology of the kidneys also points to the mitigating effect of Solanum anomalum fruit against paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity.
Cardiac Manifestation of COVID-19 Patients and Their Outcome
Authors: Yelne Pallavi , Gaidhane Shilpa , Rathi Chetan , Wadekar Abhijit , Nimkar Shubham 
Published: February 2022

COVID-19, the novel corona virus disease of 2019 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has imminently threatened all of us having significant morbidity and mortality all around the world. Upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure or even death can be the manifestation of COVID-19. However, ‘n’ number of cardiac complications including acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmia, pericarditis, decompensated heart failure and cardiogenic shock has been described so far. We report the first systematic and comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation of patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19 infection. It was found that 32% of patients with COVID-19 have normal echocardiography. Out of all unavoidable cardiac complications in covid-19, due to pulmonary parenchymal and vascular disease, Right Ventricular (RV) dilation with or without dysfunction is the most frequent abnormality in patients who earlier had normal heart function. So, one of predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients might be a RV function evaluation. The right ventricle dysfunction is at high risk in COVID-19 patients just because of its pathophysiological relevance. RV dysfunction is potentially resulting due to cytokines with its negative inotropic effects, directly angiotensin converting enzyme 2-mediated cardiac injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary embolism. They all are increasing preload and provoking RV failure. So, decrease in mortality and improvement in patient outcomes in COVID-19 patients can be achieved by early detection and management of right ventricle dysfunction. There is lack of data from the central India, so the study is being conducted.
Age Estimation through Root Maturation of Right Mandibular 3rd Molar by Using Improved Gleiser and Hunt Technique
Authors: Sushanthi L. Casilda , Arthanari Abirami , Ramani Pratibha 
Published: February 2022

Background: Determination of sex, age, race, and stature are the first steps in firmly identifying a cadaver. As a result, assessing age is important, and the estimation should be as authentic as possible. Age determination is also crucial at this stage of human remains discovered during archaeology because it enables us to evaluate ancient population mortality rates. The dental age of an individual is crucial in determining one's age. It is often combined with skeletal age to enhance the accuracy of age estimation. Dental radiological imaging has been commonly used in age estimation as a noninvasive technology. On radiographs, determining age-related changes such as crown and root growth.
Materials and methods: The study samples were retrieved from DIAS of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals between the retrospective months from November 2020 to February 2021. The study included 200 OPGs (100 females and 100 boys) ranging in age from 10 to 19.9 years old. They were evaluated by using Modified Gleiser and Hunt method.
Results: The study reveals that the standard estimate error is low for the selected population which implies that the selected OPGs for the study and scoring of root maturation is proper, though there is no statistical significance.
Conclusion: By using this parameter involving the root maturation of 48 by radiographic view, the Forensic Odontologist can determine age which is the backbone of medicolegal cases.
Nanobiotechnology and its Application in Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Farsi Reem 
Published: February 2022

The term " Nanobiotechnology " refers to the use of nanotechnology in biological fields. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary area that is currently recruiting approaches, technologies, and capabilities from traditional and advanced engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology. Vaccination has made a huge difference in human health. Despite advances in this area, there is no effective vaccine for a large number of diseases, and some of the available ones do not offer long-term immunity. Numerous studies have been conducted recently to determine the feasibility of using nanostructures as an effective method for vaccine delivery, and the initial findings have been encouraging. So, in the present review, we will address which types of nanoparticles are appropriate for vaccine delivery and reveal and discuss the significance of virus-like particles (VLPs), liposomes, polymeric-based nanoparticles Polyanhydride-based nanoparticles for vaccine delivery. It is crucial to understand their size, shape, charge, porosity, and hydrophobic properties. In conclusion, nanotechnology will help to have a brief understanding of nanotechnology in the delivery of vaccines. So, it could also motivate new strategies for human disease prevention or treatment.
Apical Sealing Ability of Experimental Apatite Calcium Phosphate based Coated Gutta-percha Points
Authors: Al-Haddad Afaf , Kutty Muralithran , Ab Aziz Zeti Adura Che 
Published: February 2022

Aims: This study aimed to assess the apical sealing ability of experimental apatite-coated gutta-percha points compared to various coated gutta-percha root filling materials.
Study Design: Experimental in-vitro study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, June 2014 and November 2014.
Methodology: Ninety-six extracted permanent maxillary central incisors were standardized and prepared by ProTaper universal rotary files. The specimens were allocated into six groups (n=15) and filled using matching single cone technique as follows; EndoREZ points with EndoREZ sealer, Bioceramic coated points (BCGP), Active GP (ActiV GP), Conventional gutta-percha (GP), apatite coated GP (HAGP) all in combination with Endosequence BC sealer. The sixth group was filled using cold lateral compaction of Conventional GP and Endosequence BC sealer. The specimens were subjected to a dye leakage test. The remaining six teeth were divided equally to be used as a negative and positive control. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the post hoc Dunnett T3 test was performed for data analysis, and the significance value was set at P =.05.
Results: ActiV GP had the least leakage followed by BCGP, HAGP, cold lateral compaction, conventional GP, and EndoRez.
Conclusion: HAGP as root canal filling showed favourable sealing ability comparable to ActiV GP, BCGP, and conventional GP and it was superior to EndoREZ.
Comparative Evaluation of the Relationship between Different Anthropometric Measurements on the Face with the Mesiodistal Width of the Maxillary Central Incisor in Males and Females in Local Population in Pune, India
Authors: Shruti G. Thatte , Amit K. Jagtap 
Published: February 2022

Aims: To compare the width of the central incisor obtained by the given formulae with the actual width of the central incisor in males and females and assess whether the interpupillary , interalar ,intercommisural and interlateral canthus widths are reliable anthropometric measurements to give an accurate value of the width of the central incisor in local population.
Study Design: Original Research.
Place and Duration of Study: Department Of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pimpri, Pune. Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune – 411018, between June 2009 and July 2010.
Methodology: A total of 160 participants [Males=80; Females=80] were selected in the age group of 18-25 yrs which fulfilled the selection criteria. Informed consent was obtained from each student before participation. The following anthropometric measurements were performed: CW which is the mesiodistal width of the maxillary central incisor, interpupillary width (IPW) and the interalar width (IAW), intercommisural width (ICW) and interlateral canthus width (LCW) which were calculated using a digital vernier calliper. The differences and variables were studied by sex and the differences in the expected mesiodistal width of the central incisor by IPW/CW=6.6 and CW=IAW/4 with the real value was evaluated. The values were evaluated and the differences helped in determining whether these anthropometric measurements can be used as a guide for selection of artificial teeth in males and females in local population.
Results: As per this study conducted, in males & females there was statistically significant correlation between the width of the central incisors (CI) and the interalar width IAW (P value =0.043) and the interpupillary width IPW (P value =0.003) when calculated by formula CI=IAW/4 and CI=IPW/6.6. There was no statistically significant correlation between the width of the central incisor and the interlateral canthus width (LCW) and the intercommisural width (ICW).
Conclusion: There was significant correlation between the interalar width and interpupillary width and the width of the central incisor. Thus, interalar width, when divided by 4, and the interpupillary width when divided by 6.6 was a reliable predictor of the selection of the maxillary central incisor width in females and males in local population.