bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust in Institutions, Social Solidarity, and the Perception of Social Cohesion in the Republic of Moldova in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Negură Petru , Gașper Lucia , Potoroacă Mihai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Research shows that social cohesion is crucial to the promotion of public health and the response to pandemic disease. This paper discusses a few key aspects of social cohesion in Moldova in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, namely trust in the government, social solidarity, and the perception of social cohesion. The article uses data from two sources: first from in-depth interviews carried out in May 2020 with 95 people of high status, and then from a nationally representative survey conducted in July 2020. We also compared the case of Moldova with those of other European countries regarding trust in institutions and success in combating the pandemic. The paper suggests that awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic was correlated with socioeconomic status, education, and by respondents’ trust in institutions. The interviewees participating in the qualitative research defined social cohesion as the observance of health rules and suggested that solidarity and social support were uneven during the crisis.
Proleptic PPs are arguments: consequences for the argument/adjunct distinction and for selectional switch
Authors: Zyman Erik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the most significant results in syntax has been a deep empirical and, to some degree, theoretical understanding of the argument/adjunct distinction, which underlies a range of superficially disparate phenomena. Therefore, any phenomenon that seems to challenge the argument/adjunct distinction merits careful examination. This paper investigates just such a phenomenon: proleptic PPs. Previous claims about the argument/adjunct status of proleptic PPs are contradictory and mostly unsubstantiated. The paper subjects proleptic PPs to argument/adjunct diagnostics and shows that they unambiguously pattern as arguments: they cannot iterate, survivedo so–replacement, or be stranded undervP-pseudoclefting; reconstruct for Condition C undervP-preposing; and are L-selected. They also pattern as arguments on a novel argument/adjunct diagnostic developed here,selectional switch: if adding XP to a structure changes the selectional interactions between a head Y and some ZP ≠ XP, then XP is an argument. Finally, the paper considers counterarguments to the view it defends, showing that they are unsuccessful or irrelevant. Thus, even XPs whose argument/adjunct status initially seems murky can turn out on closer scrutiny to pattern unambiguously as one or the other, supporting the traditional but not uncontested view that the argument/adjunct distinction runs deep, and suggesting that it may be categorical.
Enregistered spellings in interaction
Authors: Busch Florian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of the societal differentiation of literacy, the paper investigates spelling variation in digital written communication beyond the binary paradigm of standard and nonstandard. To this end, the paper proposes a formal classification of digital spelling variants and then focuses on the socio-communicative functions of these variants in usage. Theoretically grounded in the notions ofregisterandsocial indexicality, the paper discusses how spelling variants are metapragmatically ordered by social actors and deployed in text-messaging interactions in order to indicate interpretive context. To investigate these phenomena holistically, the paper furthermore presents a tripartite research framework that addresses digital writing regarding its I) structural variants, II) communicative practice, and III) reflexive awareness. Afterwards, this methodological approach is applied empirically. This is done based on a data set that includes samples of everyday literacy by 23 German adolescents: informal WhatsApp texting, on the one hand, formal school essays on the other. The exemplary analyses focus on phonostylistic spellings (e. g. elisions such as <ich hab> instead of <ich habe>) and graphostylistic spellings (e. g. graphemic substitutions such as <daß> instead of <dass>) in these WhatsApp interactions, reconstructing the metapragmatic status of standard orthography in digital writing. By combining structure-oriented, interactional, and ethnographic perspectives, the paper seeks a disciplinary dialogue by relating concepts of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology not only to research fields of media linguistics but also to research on writing systems.
Timing of Splenectomy after Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Wu Feng , Li Xiao-Hui , Gong Min-Jie , An Jia-Qi , Ding Xiao-Yan , Huang Sheng-Li 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition. Splenectomy may play a protective role in the development of SCI. However, little is known about whether the timing of splenectomy affects the outcome after SCI. Investigation into splenectomy after SCI would provide insight into how the timing can be selected following SCI to improve neurologic outcomes. Rats were randomized into a sham group, a nonsplenectomized group (NonSPX), four splenectomized groups with the surgery performed immediately, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after SCI (SPX0, SPX6, SPX12, and SPX24, respectively). Rats were subjected to severe contusive SCI at the level of the third thoracic vertebra. At different time points following SCI, Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to assess the recovery of injury. The animals in each group were randomly selected for tissue collection at days 3, 14, and 28 after surgery. Then, immunohistochemistry of immunologic cells was performed and inflammatory mediators were determined. Our study showed that splenectomy within 6 h after SCI improved BBB scores as compared with splenectomy more than 12 h after SCI, and decrease the immune cell responses to SCI. Protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly elevated in nonsplenectomized group compared with sham group. No difference was observed in IL-10 at the lesion site between splenectomized and nonsplenectomized groups at 3 d post-SCI. The study demonstrates that splenectomy within 6 h after SCI would lessen the development of SCI and improve outcome.
Out of Rhythm: Compromised Precision of Theta-Gamma Coupling Impairs Associative Memory in Old Age
Authors: Karlsson Anna E. , Lindenberger Ulman , Sander Myriam C. 
Published: January 2022

Episodic memory declines with advancing adult age. This decline is particularly pronounced when associations between items and their contexts need to be formed. According to theories of neural communication, the precise coupling of gamma power to the phase of the theta rhythm supports associative memory formation. To investigate whether age differences in associative memory are related to compromised theta-gamma coupling, we took EEG recordings during the encoding phase of an item-context association task. Fifty-eight younger (33 females) and 55 older (24 females) adults studied pictures of objects superimposed on background scenes. In a recognition test, objects were presented on old or new backgrounds, and participants responded if they had seen (1) the object and (2) the object/scene pair. Theta-gamma coupling supported pair memory formation in both age groups. Whereas pair memory was associated with coupling closer to the peak of the theta rhythm, item-only memory was associated with a deviation in phase angle relative to pair memory. Furthermore, a stable relation between coupling phase and pair memory performance demonstrated that coupling closer to the peak is beneficial for associative memory. Critically, older adults' lower pair memory was accompanied by a shift in coupling phase relative to that of younger adults. In concert, the present results are consistent with the hypothesis that decrements in the temporal precision with which gamma power is coupled to a specific theta phase underlie the decline of associative memory in normal cognitive aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAccording to prominent theories of neural communication, the precise coordination of oscillatory activity enables the formation of associative memories. We propose that normal cognitive aging impairs associative memory formation by compromising the temporal precision of neural communication. We show that the coupling of high-frequency gamma power to low-frequency theta phase supports associative memory formation in both younger and older adults, with coupling closer to the theta peak benefitting memory performance. However, compared with younger adults, the coupling phase angle is shifted in time and is more variable in the older adults. We conclude that alterations in the precise timing of theta-gamma coupling contribute to adult age differences in associative memory.
Reproducción, distribución y abundancia del pez Pseudupeneus grandisquamis (Perciformes: Mullidae), en el Golfo de Tehuantepec, México
Authors: Ramos-Santiago Eduardo , Ramírez-Gutiérrez José Martín , Mendoza-Rodríguez Ricardo , Tapia-García Margarito 
Published: January 2022

Como resultado de sus estrategias biológicas y ecológicas, el pez Pseudupeneus grandisquamis es una especie dominante en la comunidad demersal del Golfo de Tehuantepec. Nuestro principal objetivo fue conocer estas estrategias con base en su distribución, abundancia y reproducción. Se analizaron un total de 5 175 individuos que forman parte de las recolectas de peces obtenidas en cinco cruceros oceanográficos realizados en el Golfo de Tehuantepec, México, entre 1989-1990. Es una especie demersal típicamente marina, con amplia distribución en la plataforma continental. La mayor abundancia de P. grandisquamis se presenta en marzo y noviembre, alrededor de la isobata de los 40 m y frente a los sistemas lagunares Superior-Inferior y Laguna del Mar Muerto. La reproducción de la especie se presenta durante todos los meses analizados, principalmente durante los meses de agosto a octubre, correspondiente a la época de lluvias. La presencia de jóvenes, principalmente en noviembre y marzo, sugiere un amplio periodo de reclutamiento durante estos meses cuya distribución se refleja principalmente en el área influenciada por las lagunas Superior-Inferior, que representa un área de crianza. La proporción sexual total hembras:machos fue prácticamente 1:1. La talla máxima en la región es de 213 mm y la talla de primera madurez es de 138 mm LT. La alta abundancia y reproducción se presentan cuando el golfo tiene alta producción, acorde con la dinámica del sistema, donde tiene gran relevancia la influencia de las lagunas costeras. Se sugiere aplicar estrategias de protección a las zonas sobre la plataforma continental del Golfo de Tehuantepec influenciadas por procesos estuarinos y que representan áreas de reproducción y crianza para un gran número de especies, entre las que se encuentra P. grandisquamis.
Sportolás elektronikus monitorozással időskorban
Authors: Balas E. Andrew , Kováts Tímea , Mikulán Rita , Székács Béla , Török László , Kollai Balázs 
Published: January 2022

Összefoglaló. Idősebb korban a testgyakorlás különösen fontos az
izmok sorvadásának megelőzése, valamint a vérnyomás és a testsúly kontrollja
céljából. Ma már egyre gyakoribb az időskorúak részvétele sportversenyeken is.
Esettanulmányunk célja a késő felnőttkori, illetve időskori versenyszerű
sportolás egészségi alkalmassági feltételeinek, kockázatainak és a
teljesítőképesség változásainak bemutatása az elektronikus monitorozás és
virtuális versenyzés korában. Esetünkben ez egy időskorú személy 16 év során
(54–70 éves kor) teljesített maratoni futóversenyeinek, valamint virtuális
evezőversenyek részvételi és felkészülési adatainak elemzésével valósul meg.
Esetünk illusztrálja, hogy az észszerű túlterhelés elve alapján az izmok
adaptációja akkor következik be, amikor az edzés terhelése meghaladja az addig
már elért terhelési szintet. A sportóra használata az elektronikus pulzusszám és
a teljesítmény monitorozásával nemcsak a versenyek és edzések alatt a pulzusszám
céltartományban tartására, de hosszabb távú tendenciák felismerésére is
hasznosnak bizonyult. Az egészségi állapotnak megfelelő (sportág és intenzitás)
időskori testgyakorlás és sportversenyen való részvétel nemcsak az erőnlét
megtartását tűzheti ki célul, hanem értékes erőnlétfejlesztést is. Orv Hetil.
2021; 162(51): 2061–2066.
Summary. With advancing age, exercise becomes particularly important
to prevent muscle atrophy and to control blood pressure and weight. Today,
participation of aging people in athletic competitions is increasingly common.
The aim of our case study is to explore and illustrate the health conditions,
development and risk factors of competitive sporting activities of late adult
and elderly athletes in the age of electronic monitoring and virtual racing. We
processed the preparation and participation data of a total of 16 years of
marathon races as well as rowing machine races of an elderly male person (age
54–70). Using a sports watch with electronic heart rate and performance
monitoring has proved useful not only for keeping the heart rate in target
range, but also for assessing trends in the long run. Our case underscores the
value of reasonable overload with advancing age; beneficial muscle adaptation
occurs when the workload of an exercise exceeds the previously reached level.
Gradual exercise of older adults and participation in athletic competitions can
not only maintain fitness but also develop valuable additional strength. Orv
Hetil. 2021; 162(51): 2061–2066.
Access Android Device Using The FatRat and Metasploit
Authors: Amit Bohra Karan, Palvinder Singh, 
Published: January 2022

At present, smartphones are widely used for both business and personal purposes. As we all know that android is the popular mobile operating system. Like Windows operating system vulnerability the android has also vulnerability. And on the basis of these vulnerabilities, an attacker can obtain a user’s privacy data. But one possible way to avoid accessing of system and network i.e. penetration testing
This paper describes penetration testing, Kali Linux tools such as Metasploit and TheFatRat. These tools have proved to be effective in Android exploitation. For example, by using TheFatRat, create a payload using msfvenom. Furthermore, the Payload creates a backdoor to access the system, using Metasploit, which exploits the android device and finds the vulnerability and, according to vulnerability, access the victim's system.
Peningkatan Kualitas Biogas Melalui Proses Pemurnian Dengan Purifier Bertingkat Seri Menggunakan Adsorben Arang Aktif Dan Zeolit
Authors: Ritonga Abdul Mukhlis , Masrukhi Masrukhi , Mafrukhi Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

Abstrak. Biogas merupakan gas yang dihasilkan dari bahan organik melalui proses fermentasi. Energi yang terkandung dalam biogas tergantung dari konsentrasi metana (CH4). Semakin tinggi kandungan metana maka semakin besar kandungan energi pada biogas. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kandungan gas metana pada biogas serta dapat menurunkan gas-gas pengotor seperti CO2, dan gas-gas lain yang tidak terpakai dengan pemurnian menggunakan purifier yang telah di isi adsorben, pada penelitian ini adsorben yang digunakan yaitu arang aktif dan zeolit. Variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini yaitu C/N rasio, pH, suhu, total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) yang berpengaruh dalam produksi gas metan. Kadar CH4 dan CO2 setelah dimurnikan, dan waktu optimal untuk proses pemurnian biogas, perlakuan yang diberikan menggunakan 3 waktu pengujian, yaitu 30, 60, dan 90 menit. Percobaan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio C/N sebesar 20,36 dengan suhu rata-rata 25,1oC dan pH rata-rata 6. Nilai BOD awal dan akhir masing-masing sejumlah 77800,86 mg/l dan 53002,42 mg/l dan COD awal dan akhir masing-masing sejumlah 59800 mg/l dan 36000 mg/l. TS dan VS masing masing mengalami penurunan sebesar 20,99% dan 17,93%. Penggunaan adsorben arang aktif dan zeolit dapat meningkatkan kandungan gas CH4 sebesar 136,5% dan menurunkan kandungan gas CO2 sebesar 64% pada biogas. Lama waktu pengujian mampu meningkatkan konsentrasi CH4 dan menurunkan kandungan gas CO2 dengan waktu paling optimal yaitu 30 menit.Increasing Quality Of Biogas With Purification Proses On Double Arranged Series Purifier Using Activated Charcoal And Zeolit AdsorbentAbstract. The quality of biogas is determined by the methane (CH4) content in the biogas. A good biogas is indicated by its high methane content. One way to increase the methane gas content in biogas is by purification using a series-level purifier that has been filled with adsorbents. In this study, the adsorbents used were activated charcoal and zeolite. The variables measured include CN ratio, pH, temperature, total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) which influential in methane gas production. CH4 and CO2 levels, before and after purification. Biogas was purified for a duration of 30, 60, 90 minutes and was repeated three times. The results showed that the C/N ratio was 20.36 with an average temperature of 25.1 °C and an average pH of 6. The initial and final BOD values were 77800.86 mg/l and 53002.42 mg/l and the initial and final COD values were 59800 mg/l and 36000 mg/l. TS and VS experienced a decrease of 20.99% and 17.93%. The use of activated charcoal and zeolite adsorbents was able to increase the CH4 gas content by 136.5% and reduce the CO2 gas content by 64%. The optimal purification time is 30 minutes.
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus pada Masa Pandemi Covid – 19 di Sekolah Inklusif SDN 12 Gedong
Authors: Syafarana Ilona Aulia Nur , Chairani Assyifa 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara sekolah dengan pendidikan inklusif di SDN 12 GEDONG pada masa pandemic COVID – 19 yang bertujuan untuk memenuhi mata kuliah Pendidikan Orientasi Baru dalam Pendidikan Khusus. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan beberapa cara yaitu melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Kegiatan belajar mengajar masih tetap berjalan melalui pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan media daring sesuai dengan ketentuan dan aturan sekolah serta pemerintah . Proses belajar mengajar pada masa Pandemi COVID - 19 di SDN 12 Gedong dilakukan secara Daring untuk mencegah atau meminimalisir kontak fisik antara guru dan murid sehingga dapat memotong dan menghentikan penyebaran virus COVID -19. This research aims to find out how schools with inclusive education at SDN 12 GEDONG during the COVID-19 pandemic are aimed at fulfilling the New Orientation Education course in Special Education. The data collection method was carried out in several ways, namely through observation, interviews, and document study. Teaching and learning activities are still ongoing through distance learning with online media in accordance with the rules and regulations of the school and government. The teaching and learning process during the COVID-19 Pandemic at SDN 12 Gedong was carried out online to prevent or minimize physical contact between teachers and students so as to cut and stop the spread of the COVID-19 virus.
Optimization of Prickly Pear Juice Clarification for Better Retention of Betalain and Color Properties
Authors: Davara P.R. , Varshney A.K. , Sangani V.P. , Vora P.P. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Prickly pear juices are considered as valuable ingredient for sports and energy drinks due to its higher amino acids contents, minerals and attractive red color. Hence, prickly pear fruit has received renewed interest for the production of juice. Up to date, relatively little work has been reported regarding the manufacturing of prickly pear products. Enzyme has proved to be the key element for producing clear and stable fruit juice. The present study aimed to optimize the processing parameters for enzymatic clarification of prickly pear juice. The results of this investigation are expected to provide the suitable process technology for the production of prickly pear juice with better retention of betalain content and color value. Methods: Prickly pear pulp was treated with pectinase enzyme at different concentrations (0.01-0.09%), incubation temperatures (40-60°C) and incubation time (60-180 min). The effect of enzymatic treatments on clarity, color index, betalain content and ascorbic acid content of juice were studied through response surface methodology by employing second order central composite rotatable design. Result: Response surface analysis determined the optimum condition for clarifying prickly pear juice as 0.036% enzyme concentration, 46°C incubation temperature and 112 min incubation time. At this condition, it was predicted to produce the prickly pear juice with clarity of 48.59% T, color index of 0.603 abs, betalain content of 542.93 mg/L of juice and ascorbic acid content of 9.35 mg/100 g with the desirability of 0.780.
Effect of the Addition of Thyme “Thymus vulgaris” Leaves on the Sensory and Nutritional Quality of Lamb Meat
Authors: Ayeb N. , Jrad Z. , Hajji H. , Arroum S. , Fguiri I. , Dbara M. , Hammadi M. , El-Hatmi H. , Khorchani T. 
Published: January 2022

Background: The shelf life of meat products can be increased by adding synthetic antioxidants. These antioxidants have long been used, but their safety has recently come into dispute due to a suspected carcinogenic potential. This is why meat technologies have extracted new natural antioxidants from spices and herbs, which are the best alternatives to synthetic compounds. So, the addition of natural flavors (essential oils, powder or extract of aromatic plants) to the meat can improve organoleptic quality and consumer acceptability. Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and organoleptic qualities of meat fortified with thyme powder. With this purpose, 16 samples from four muscles of legs from 4 lambs were used in this work. The muscles were divided into two groups, control group (meat without any supplementation) and thyme group (meat supplemented with thyme). In this later group, a dose of 5% of ground thyme dry leaves was added to the meat. Result: Results showed no significant differences were found among groups for cooking loss, but was slightly higher for meat treated with thymus (33.29 vs. 28.36%). No significant differences between the two groups were observed for the ash, fat and crude protein contents of the meat. At the same manner, no effect was observed on meat lightness (L) and yellowness (b*) (P greater than 0.05), on the contrary, redness (a*) of the meat was affected by addition of thyme (11.28±1.23 vs. 23.06±9.80). Also, significant (P less than 0.05) differences were observed in texture scores, flavor, color and taste between control and the 5% thyme-supplemented meat samples. The overall acceptability of supplemented meat samples was highest (P≤0.05) as compared to control (5.91±2.32 vs. 4.35±2.66). In conclusion, addition of thyme leaves did not affect the physical and chemical properties of meat, except for redness and improved sensory quality.