bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging Intelligent Manufacturing of Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Tianya , Yi Shenghui , Zhang Xiaofeng , Jiao Yinan , Lu Jian , Zhao Jinjin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe incorporation of high‐precision intelligent manufacturing technologies into patterned metal halide perovskite production has attracted scientific and commercial interest because of advantages in terms of designable and controllable processes, multiscale and multimaterial construction strategies, and improved energy‐conversion performance. Here, the current developments in intelligent manufacturing technologies are reviewed for patterned and tailored perovskite structures. Six high‐precision approaches, namely, nanoimprint lithography, space‐confined growth, ink‐based direct printing, laser‐induced nucleation, modification using a laser, and high‐energy etching, are investigated and summarized. The focus of the review is on the basic principles of intelligent manufacturing methods, process optimization, and controllable perovskite microstructures. Additionally, the performance improvements of patterned and tailored perovskites and their devices, including photodetectors, solar cells, lasers, information storage and encryption devices, anticounterfeiting devices, and full‐color display applications, are discussed. The potential future applications of shaped perovskites fabricated via intelligent manufacturing technologies are promising.
Hierarchical Arete Architecture‐Enabled Iontronic Pressure Sensor with High Linearity and Sensitivity
Authors: Chen Yanxu , Qin Yuxiang , Zhang Xueshuo , Zheng Anbo , Xia Qing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLinearity is an indispensable factor to be considered when evaluating the characteristics of a pressure sensor. Although different kinds of advanced materials and microstructures are explored to enhance the device performances, the nonlinear response of sensors caused by the attenuation of sensitivity as pressure increases still needs to be further addressed. In this spotlight, a sensitive flexible iontronic pressure sensor with highly linear response is reported here. The design of its hierarchical arete architecture (HAA) not only inherits the high sensitivity of hierarchical microstructures in a wide pressure range but also achieves ultrahigh linearity. Experimentally the HAA iontronic sensor is prepared by using a simple and low‐cost polycrystalline silicon template, and it demonstrates a high sensitivity of 20.98 kPa−1 in a broad range (0–37.5 kPa) with R2 up to 0.9921. Benefited from the combination of remarkable linearity, sensitivity, and other characteristics, practical applications around human health such as real‐time monitoring of tablets, recognition of respiratory airflows, and physiological signals detection are successfully demonstrated here. Based on these excellent performances, the HAA iontronic sensor can also be regarded as a promising choice in the fields of 5G communication, wearable devices, robotic intelligence, etc.
Power Generation on Chips: Harvesting Energy From the Sun and Cold Space
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wu Zhenhua , Liu Zekun , Mu Erzhen , Liu Yang , Lv Yongbo , Thundat Thomas , Hu Zhiyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnvironmental energy source is abundant, inexhaustible, ubiquitous, and free. However, harvesting thermal energy from the environment to generate uninterrupted electricity is still challenging. Herein, a power device to simultaneously harvest energy from the sun and cold space based on a microfabricated thermoelectric generator (TEG) integrated with a solar absorber (SA) and radiative cooling emitter (RCE) is reported. Nano‐channel arrays structure is introduced in SA to achieve high broadband light absorption (≈96%) over the entire solar spectrum. Then, a typical RCE is fabricated to demonstrate the great potential of cooperating with SA to create a continuous temperature difference for thermal energy harvesting. Furthermore, a TEG sandwiched between SA and RCE can convert the thermal energy into electricity, which is proved by a chip‐integrated micro‐TEG experimentally. What is more, two self‐generation power devices are designed, and the power generation of the reverse structure demo device (r‐TEG) is 130% of the forward one (f‐TEG) in the daytime and 260% in the nighttime. The results demonstrate a renewable and sustainable thermodynamic green resource on chips for power generation independent of time and geographical restrictions, which is vital for promoting the sun and cold space as viable energy sources beyond traditional technologies.
Slowing Down for Growth Mechanism and Speeding Up for Performance Optimization Based on Single Ligand Passivated CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets
Authors: Yang Huanxin , Yun Rui , Sun Changjiu , Chu Yiyue , Su Guodong , Yuan Mingjian , Wu Suli , Zhang Libing , Li Xiyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuasi 2D metal halide perovskite nanoplatelets (NPls), as a kind of important materials to achieve pure blue emission, attract significant attention in pursuit of high gamut trichromatic display. However, in‐depth study on the specific growth processes of NPls is still lacking due to the ultrafast reaction rate. Here, a single ligand passivation strategy to investigate the concrete growth mechanism of NPls is proposed, in which the PbBrx(OAm)y clusters play a pivotal template role in guiding the growth of crystals, and the final products with 3‐monolayer (3ML) are grown from the intermediate 2ML NPls instead of being synthesized directly. Based on the new discovery about growth mechanism of NPls, the reaction time has been shortened from hours to seconds by introducing hydrobromic acid and ethanol. The ethanol used here is considered as an accelerator for the transition from 2ML to 3ML NPls rather than an initiator for nucleation of products, which is different from the generally accepted viewpoints. With further passivation of hydrobromic acid, the synthesized 3ML NPls show 462 nm emission with quantum yield of 97.04% and great photostability. The novel growth model proposed in this work will provide a paradigm for future design and optimization of new synthesis schemes.
Self‐Stabilized Hydrogenation of Amorphous InGaZnO Schottky Diode with Bilayer Passivation
Authors: Zhou Jitong , Pan Wengao , Zheng Dawei , Liu Fayang , Li Guijun , Zhou Xianda , Wang Kai , Zhang Shengdong , Lu Lei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe low‐temperature‐processed amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) exhibit remarkable potentials in large‐area, flexible, and hybrid‐integrated electronics, while the performance and stability of AOS devices highly depend on the proper manipulation of abundant native defects in AOS, especially for AOS Schottky barrier diode (SBD) with the naturally defective metal–semiconductor interface. Here, a hydrogenated‐InGaZnO SBD with a hydrogen‐rich passivation layer (PL) is reported. With the hydrogenation effectively suppressing interface defects and meanwhile donating electrons, a near‐ideal Schottky contact and more‐conductive drift region are simultaneously achieved, as proven by the perfect ideality factor of 1.08, a Schottky barrier height of 0.87 eV, a high rectification ratio ≈4.5 × 108. Moreover, such sophisticated hydrogenation is self‐stabilized by the bilayer structure of PL, contributing to the record‐high stabilities under harsh environmental and electrical stresses.
Mapping Thermoelectric Transport in a Multicomponent Alloy Space
Authors: Gurunathan Ramya , Sarker Suchismita , Borg Christopher K. H. , Saal James , Ward Logan , Mehta Apurva , Snyder G. Jeffrey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInterest in high entropy alloy thermoelectric materials is predicated on achieving ultralow lattice thermal conductivity κL through large compositional disorder. However, here it is shown that for a given mechanism, such as mass contrast phonon scattering, κL will be minimized along the binary alloy with highest mass contrast, such that adding an intermediate mass atom to increase atomic disorder can increase thermal conductivity. Only when each component adds an independent scattering mechanism (such as adding strain fluctuation to an existing mass fluctuation) is there a benefit. In addition, both charge carriers and heat‐carrying phonons are known to experience scattering due to alloying effects, leading to a trade‐off in thermoelectric performance. Analytic transport models are applied, based on perturbation and effective medium theories, to predict how alloy scattering will affect the thermal and electronic transport across the full compositional range of several pseudo‐ternary and pseudo‐quaternary alloy systems. To do so, a multicomponent extension is demonstrated to both thermal and electronic binary alloy scattering models based on the virtual crystal approximation. Finally, it is shown that common functional forms used in computational thermodynamics can be applied to this problem to further generalize the scattering behavior that is modeled.
How we compare: Society for Academic Emergency Medicine faculty membership demographics
Authors: Bennett Christopher L. , Ling Albee Y. , Agrawal Pooja , Pierce Ava , Pasao Melissa A. , Ray Douglas , Cleveland Manchanda Emily C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) has a core value to promote a diverse workforce for patients, providers, and learners. Understanding the organization's membership demographics and how that compares to the academic emergency medicine (EM) workforce is prerequisite to the success of this core value.MethodsWe obtained 2020 faculty membership data sets from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and SAEM; data included self‐reported sex, race and ethnicity, and academic rank (professor, associate professor, assistant professor, and instructor). We employed standardized mean difference (SMD) to quantify difference in proportions between data sets.ResultsWe identified 5874 (AAMC) and 2785 (SAEM) faculty. The AAMC (38.3%) and the SAEM (41.3%) had similar proportions of overall female faculty (SMD 0.063) although SAEM (compared to AAMC) had a higher proportion of female full (25.5% vs. 20.5%, SMD 0.121) and assistant (46.5% vs. 41.2%, SMD 0.106) professors. With the exception of Hispanic instructors, SAEM (compared to AAMC) also had higher proportions of Black and Hispanic female faculty at all ranks (SMD ranging from 0.109 to 0.777).ConclusionSAEM faculty demographics generally reflect that of the academic EM workforce demographics reported in the AAMC database and that overall, the proportions of female, Black, and Hispanic faculty in SAEM are slightly larger than those in the AAMC database. However, faculty who identify as Black or Hispanic in both the AAMC and the SAEM databases (compared to the overall U.S. population) are dramatically underrepresented.
Structural competency in emergency medical education: A scoping review and operational framework
Authors: Salhi Bisan A. , Zeidan Amy , Stehman Christine R. , Kleinschmidt Sarah , Liu E. Liang , Bascombe Kristen , Preston‐Suni Kian , White Melissa H. , Druck Jeff , Lopez Bernard L. , Samuels‐Kalow Margaret E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesExisting curricula and recommendations on the incorporation of structural competency and vulnerability into medical education have not provided clear guidance on how best to do so within emergency medicine (EM). The goal of this scoping review and consensus building process was to provide a comprehensive overview of structural competency, link structural competency to educational and patient care outcomes, and identify existing gaps in the literature to inform curricular implementation and future research in EM.MethodsA scoping review focused on structural competency and vulnerability following Arksey and O’Malley’s six‐step framework was performed in concurrence with a multistep consensus process culminating in the 2021 SAEM Consensus Conference. Feedback was incorporated in developing a framework for a national structural competency curriculum in EM.ResultsA literature search identified 291 articles that underwent initial screening. Of these, 51 were determined to be relevant to EM education. The papers consistently conceptualized structural competency as an interdisciplinary framework that requires learners and educators to consider historical power and privilege to develop a professional commitment to justice. However, the papers varied in their operationalization, and no consensus existed on how to observe or measure the effects of structural competency on learners or patients. None of the studies examined the structural constraints of the learners studied.ConclusionsFindings emphasize the need for training structurally competent physicians via national structural competency curricula focusing on standardized core competency proficiencies. Moreover, the findings highlight the need to assess the impact of such curricula on patient outcomes and learners’ knowledge, attitudes, and clinical care delivery. The framework aims to standardize EM education while highlighting the need for further research in how structural competency interventions would translate to an ED setting and affect patient outcomes and experiences.
Building a RAFFT: Impact of a professional development program for women faculty and residents in emergency medicine
Authors: Li‐Sauerwine Simiao , Bambach Kimberly , McGrath Jillian , Yee Jennifer , Boulger Creagh T. , Hunold Katherine M. , Mitzman Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWomen comprise 28% of faculty in academic departments of emergency medicine (EM) and 11% of academic chairs. Professional development programs for women are key to career success and to prevent pipeline attrition. Within emergency medicine, there is a paucity of outcomes‐level data for such programs.ObjectivesWe aim to measure the impact of a novel structured professional development curriculum and mentorship group (Resident and Faculty Female Tribe, or RAFFT) within an academic department of EM.MethodsThis prospective single‐center curriculum implementation and evaluation was conducted in the academic year 2020–2021. A planning group identified potential curricular topics using an iterative Delphi process. We developed a 10‐session longitudinal curriculum; a postcurriculum survey was conducted to assess the perceived benefit of the program in four domains.ResultsA total of 76% of 51 eligible women attended at least one session; for this project we analyzed the 24 participants (47%) who attended at least one session and completed both the pre‐ and the postsurvey. The majority of participants reported a positive benefit, which aligned with their expectations in the following areas: professional development (79.2%), job satisfaction (83.3%), professional well‐being (70.8%), and personal well‐being (79.2%). Resident physicians more often reported less benefit than expected compared to fellow/faculty physicians. Median perceived impact on career choice and trajectory was positive for all respondents.ConclusionsSuccess of this professional development program was measured through a perceived benefit aligning with participant expectations, a positive impact on career choice and career trajectory for participants in each career stage, and a high level of engagement in this voluntary program. Recommendations for the successful implementation of professional development programs include early engagement of stakeholders, the application of data from a program‐specific needs assessment, early dissemination of session dates to allow for protected time off, and structured discussions with appropriate identification of presession resources.
Intraoperative visualization of morphological patterns of the thoracic duct by subcutaneous inguinal injection of indocyanine green in esophagectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Tokumaru Shigeo , Kitazawa Masato , Nakamura Satoshi , Koyama Makoto , Soejima Yuji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo prevent chylothorax after esophageal cancer surgery, it is important to recognize morphological patterns of the thoracic duct intraoperatively. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and usefulness of near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging with subcutaneous inguinal injection of indocyanine green (SII‐ICG) to detect the thoracic duct during thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Patients (n = 16) who underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position with SII‐ICG at Shinshu University Hospital between June 2020 and January 2022 were enrolled in the present study and retrospectively reviewed. Immediately prior to thoracoscopic esophagectomy, we injected 0.2–0.5 mg/kg ICG into the subcutaneous tissue in the bilateral inguinal region. The identification rate of the thoracic duct was 93.8% (n = 15), and the success rate of fluorescence using SII‐ICG was 87.5% (n = 14). The visible thoracic ducts had four patterns: a typical pattern in 50% (n = 8), duplication pattern in 18.8% (n = 3), branching pattern in 12.5% (n = 2), and plexiform pattern in 12.5% (n = 2). In all cases, ICG fluorescence did not disappear and was visible during the thoracic surgery. No SII‐ICG‐related complications were observed. Intraoperative NIR fluorescence imaging of the thoracic duct using SII‐ICG is a simple and safe method with very high detection sensitivity. This method can be a powerful tool for avoiding thoracic duct injuries during esophageal cancer surgery.
C3 glomerulopathy: Understanding an ultra‐rare complement‐mediated renal disease
Authors: Heiderscheit Amanda K. , Hauer Jill J. , Smith Richard J. H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractC3 glomerulopathy (C3G) describes a pathologic pattern of injury diagnosed by renal biopsy. It is characterized by the dominant deposition of the third component of complement (C3) in the renal glomerulus as resolved by immunofluorescence microscopy. The underlying pathophysiology is driven by dysregulation of the alternative pathway of complement in the fluid‐phase and in the glomerular microenvironment. Characterization of clinical features and a targeted evaluation for indices and drivers of complement dysregulation are necessary for optimal patient care. Autoantibodies to the C3 and C5 convertases of complement are the most commonly detected drivers of complement dysregulation, although genetic mutations in complement genes can also be found. Approximately half of patients progress to end‐stage renal disease within 10 years of diagnosis, and, while transplantation is a viable option, there is high risk for disease recurrence and allograft failure. This poor outcome reflects the lack of disease‐specific therapy for C3G, relegating patients to symptomatic treatment to minimize proteinuria and suppress renal inflammation. Fortunately, the future is bright as several anti‐complement drugs are currently in clinical trials.
Understanding the dynamics of support seeking in women with lived experience of non‐physical intimate partner violence (IPV) and the service responses—A qualitative study
Authors: Doolabh Karishma , Fisher Colleen , O'Donnell Melissa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNon‐physical abuse is a form of intimate partner violence (IPV), which negatively impacts physical and mental well‐being. The study objectives were to understand the process of support seeking amongst women who experience non‐physical IPV. Interviews were conducted with women who have experience of non‐physical IPV and support workers. The findings of this study suggest that women generally delay support seeking for non‐physical IPV as they are unable to recognise this form of violence. Increasing awareness about non‐physical IPV can be a prevention strategy to assist women in recognising this and seeking support. The important finding in our study that most of the women initially contacted a healthcare professional regarding the psychological impact of the non‐physical violence offers an opportunity for earlier intervention. Healthcare professionals are in a unique position to address the healthcare needs of women who experience IPV and can therefore assist in facilitating disclosure, offering support and referring to DV services. Training and education for professionals on all forms of IPV is required to improve identification and referral of women.
Crossing Phantom Divide in f(Q)$f(Q)$ Gravity
Authors: Arora Simran , Sahoo Pradyumn Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe possibility of crossing a phantom divide line in the extension of symmetric teleparallel gravity or the gravity, where Q is the non‐metricity, is investigated. The cosmic evolution of the effective equation of state parameter for dark energy is studied considering exponential, logarithmic, and combined theories. Moreover, the exponential model behaves like the ΛCDM at high redshifts before deviating to or , respectively, depending on the value of model parameter. It also approaches a desitter phase asymptotically. However, the crossing of the phantom divide line, that is, , is realized in the combined theory. Furthermore, statefinder diagnostics are studied in order to differentiate between several dark energy models. To ensure the three model's stability, the stability analysis is employed using linear perturbations. It is demonstrated how to reassemble via a numerical inversion approach based on existing observational constraints on cosmographic parameters and the potential of bridging the phantom divide in the resulting model. It explicitly demonstrates that future crossings of the phantom dividing line are a generic feature of feasible gravity models.
Preparation and luminescence properties of CaMoO4:Eu3+/Sm3+ phosphors
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐fei , E. Namila , Wang Xi‐gui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEu3+ and/or Sm3+‐doped CaMoO4 phosphors were prepared using a hydrothermal method. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the sample is in a tetragonal CaMoO4 phase, the space group is I41/a (88), the lattice constants are a = b = 5.226 Å, c = 11.430 Å, and V = 312.2 Å3. We explored the effects of Eu3+ doping concentration, reaction temperature, preparation time, and the energy transfer relationship between Eu3+ and Sm3+ on the phosphors. The Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) calculation results indicated that under excitation by ultraviolet light at 283 nm, the CIE coordinates of some CaMoO4:Eu3+/Sm3+ materials are located in the near‐white light region, and could be used as potential candidates for single‐matrix white phosphors.
Vastus lateralis versus rectus femoris muscle flaps for recalcitrant hip joint infection: An anatomical study comparing the effectiveness of acetabular dead space control
Authors: Smith Alexandria H. , Brassett Cecilia , Gooding Christopher , Abood Ahid , Norrish Alan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEliminating recalcitrant prosthetic hip joint infections remains one of the greatest challenges in orthopedic surgery. In such cases, the salvage procedure of femoral head excision (the Girdlestone procedure) is often performed. There has been emerging surgical interest in filling the resulting acetabular dead space with a pedicled muscle flap, to enable antibiotic delivery. Both vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscle flaps have been described for this purpose with good success. This study is the first anatomical investigation comparing VL and RF as candidates for interposition myoplasty following hip joint excision. Following standard surgical technique, the Girdlestone procedure and interposition myoplasty of both RF and VL were performed on 10 cadavers. The primary aim was to determine which muscle flap eliminated a greater volume of acetabular dead space. Secondary aims were to characterize the blood supply to RF and assess additional metrics indicative of the likelihood of flap success. The VL flap eliminated more dead space than RF. However, the use of the RF flap was feasible in all cases and has several benefits, including ease of harvest, mobility, and aesthetics. The location of the inferior vascular pedicle into RF was relatively consistent and the most effective predictor of flap success. Both VL and RF are effective in reducing acetabular dead space. While VL can fill a greater volume, the RF flap has technical advantages, related to the predictability of the blood supply.