bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stories, Stigma and Sequences: HIV Cluster Detection and Response Activities Through a Narrative Ethics Lens
Authors: Watson Meg , Michels Emily , Spieldenner Andrew , Ortmann Leonard W. , Barrett Drue H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractViral genetic sequences are generated as part of clinical care to treat people with HIV. Public health practitioners analyze these sequences, reported routinely through surveillance systems as part of disease reporting, to identify and respond to clusters of rapid HIV transmission. The ethical, social, and legal implications of this work have arisen against the backdrop of HIV stigma and amidst efforts to build trust with the HIV community. HIV disproportionately affects persons marginalized because of racism, homophobia, transphobia, or other socially stigmatized behaviors. The compounded effects of HIV and other stigmas result in barriers to care. This narrative explores several issues related to HIV cluster detection and response, including lack of individual consent for HIV surveillance, the collection of HIV genotype data, and the use of these data for public health purposes. Moreover, the potential use of these data for non-public health purposes which are likely to disproportionately impact marginalized populations also underscores the need for transparency. The characters in the narrative – public health agency staff and people with HIV – portray these issues from various perspectives. The narrative also illustrates ethical considerations related to public health activities, including a focus on population-level interventions, partnering with communities, and establishing trusting relationships.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Concrete Block Fabricated Foundation
Authors: Liu Huiyuan , Yang Xibin , Li Jie , Ding Mintao , Song Congyue , Li Yongping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe fabricated foundation can be prefabricated in the factory, so it is easy to control the size, weight and quality of components, and it’s easy to transport since the size is controllable. The operation links such as on-site concrete pouring and maintenance, on-site formwork and steel bar binding are omitted, the opening time of foundation pit is reduced, and the construction time is greatly shortened. In this paper, two different types of concrete block fabricated foundation (Foundation-A and Foundation-B) are designed. The foundation is divided into concrete blocks one by one, which are connected by bolts and steel plates on site. In order to study the connection performance and bearing capacity of the two types of foundation, the in-situ test and the numerical simulation analysis of fabricated foundations is carried out. The research shows that both foundation types can meet the requirements of bearing capacity, but Foundation-B is better than Foundation-A in bearing performance, integrity, processing difficulty and construction difficulty.
Test and Evaluation for Performance of Composite Pavement Structure
Authors: Yang Zhihao , Wang Linbing , Cao Dongwei , Li Rongxu , Yang Hailu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPerpetual pavement has become an important research field of highway development in China. Reasonable selection of pavement structure and ensuring the durability of the structure are one of the necessary measures to build perpetual pavements. The inverted asphalt pavement structure can not only provide high strength and good bearing capacity of semi-rigid base, but also make use of the graded crushed stones for restraining the reflection cracks of semi-rigid base. This paper presented a study on three pavement structures are, namely, a semi-rigid asphalt pavement and two inverted asphalt pavements. The performances of the three pavement structures after one million loading repetition are obtained. Taking rutting depth, deflection and dynamic response as evaluation indexes, the feasibility of inverted asphalt pavement structure as perpetual pavement structure is evaluated. It is found that the composite asphalt pavement structure with permeable asphalt mixture of large particle size as base and cement stabilized macadam as subbase has the best performance as perpetual pavement.
Comparative Analysis of the Displacement Dynamic Load Allowance and Bending Moment Dynamic Load Allowance of Highway Continuous Girder Bridge
Authors: Fan Kaixiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe dynamic load allowance (DLA) of the bridge structure is an important parameter in the bridge design. In order to study the variation law of displacement DLA and bending moment DLA of continuous girder bridge, taking 2 × 30 m continuous girder bridge and five-axis vehicles as the research object, the road roughness was simulated by the trigonometric series approach. With the help of ANSYS and APDL language, the influence of vehicle speeds, vehicle weights and road roughness on the displacement DLA and bending moment DLA are studied. The results show that the displacement DLA showed increasing trend with the increase of vehicle speed, and bending moment DLA showed increasing first and then decreasing; With the increase of body weight, the displacement DLA and bending moment DLA show a gradually increasing trend; Displacement DLA and bending moment DLA do have numerical differences. And the value of the displacement DLA is slightly larger than the value of the bending moment DLA. It is suggested that the displacement DLA and bending moment DLA should be distinguished in engineering design and dynamic load test. The research conclusion can provide reference for bridge structure engineering design and dynamic load test.
Application Analysis of Several Basement Exterior Wall Construction Schemes in Compacted Pile Foundation Treatment Engineering
Authors: Yan Yatuan , Chen Chen , Xu Yufei , Li Shoufu , Wang Teng , Ding Di 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCollapsible loess exists in a large area in Northwestern China. When collapsible loess exists in the ground, it is usually necessary to treat it to eliminate the collapsibility before placing the building foundation. When compacting piles are used to treat the collapsible loess foundation, there are three different construction schemes for the construction of the basement exterior wall, which are the conventional excavation scheme, the outer frame edge excavation scheme, and the unilateral support form excavation scheme. Through the detailed description of the three construction schemes, and the comparative analysis from the aspects of construction difficulty, economy, construction period, etc. It can be concluded that the conventional excavation scheme has the highest cost, the highest construction efficiency, the longest construction period, and other aspects. The frame edge excavation scheme has the lowest construction efficiency, and the unilateral formwork excavation scheme has the lowest cost and the shortest construction period.
Laboratory Model Test of Eco-Concrete Slab Slope Protection
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Fengchi , Xu Gang , Guo Lilong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to study the protective effects of eco-concrete slope and the influencing factors of eco-concrete slope deformation. The displacement characteristics and ultimate bearing capacity of the slope model under different geometric parameters are obtained through the laboratory model test of eco-concrete slope protection, and the influence laws of slope deformation under different protection slope conditions are summarized, as well as the influence laws of soil compaction, soil moisture content and slope ratio on the horizontal displacement restraint capacity and stability of the slope. Compared with the unprotected slope, the ultimate load of the reinforced concrete slab slope and the ordinary concrete slab slope are increased by 2.2 times and 2.4 times respectively, and the horizontal displacement restraint capacity of the slope is increased by 29.3% and 51.6% respectively. The moisture content, compactness and slope gradient of slope soil have a certain influence on the deformation restraint capacity of slope protected by vegetation concrete slab.
Influence of Fiber on Properties of Graphite Tailings Foam Concrete
Authors: Sun Xiaowei , Gao Miao , Zhou Honghong , Lv Jing , Ding Zhaoyang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe project used graphite tailings as a filler to prepare graphite tailings foamed concrete. Mainly studied the physical properties, mechanical properties and thermal properties of the foam concrete by graphite tailings, also studied the combination of polypropylene fiber and glass fiber influence of foam concrete compressive strength and cracking strength. The experimental results show that in the case of the same dry density grade, adding 20% graphite tailings can make the foam concrete strength reach its peak. When the water-binder ratio is 0.65 and the self-made chemical foaming agent content is 7%, the optimal total fiber volume blending rate is 0.18%, and the blending ratio of polypropylene fiber and glass fiber is 2:1. The compounding of polypropylene fiber and glass fiber can improve the flexural performance of foam concrete, which is not conducive to the thermal insulation performance of foam concrete, but the test results are still better than industry standards.
Influence of Oxide Molar Ratio on Size Effect of Geopolymer Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Sun Xiaowei , Bian Hongguang , Ding Zhaoyang , Qi Lin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFour different size of concrete cube (70 mm3, 100 mm3, 150 mm3, and 200 mm3) of geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete (GRAC) were prepared by replacing cement with geopolymer and natural aggregate with wast concrete. The effect of oxide molar ratio of raw material on compressive strength and its size effect of GRAC was studied.The results show the size conversion coefficient of GRAC cannot adopt the values from the current national standard GB/T50081. The relationship of size conversion coefficient α and oxide molar ratio ε of GRAC was worked out. It was found that the compressive strength of GRAC of all sizes were in line with the Bazant’s size theory. Oxide molar ratio on critical size and critical value of GRAC were calculated.
Assessment of the Influence of TH Port’s Breakwater on the Hydrodynamic Regime in Cua Lo and Cua Hoi Estuaries, Nghe an Province, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Viet Thanh , Zhang Chi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTH Port is in offshore of Cua Lo estuary, Nghe An Province, Vietnam. In master plan from 2021 to 2030 and vision to 2050 years, an offshore breakwater will be built to protect the harbour basin of the port. This paper will be investigated the influence of the offshore breakwater on the hydrodynamics changes by a couple numerical model. The results indicated that the hydrodynamic regime control by the presence of offshore breakwater in monsoon and storm conditions and the offshore breakwater plays an important role in protection of TH port in NE monsoon and storm waves conditions and the presence of breakwater induced circulations in front of two estuaries and the mid area of Cua Lo beach.
Effect of Bridge Skew on the Analytical and Experimental Responses of a Steel Girder Highway Bridge
Authors: Lu Renxiang , Judd Johnn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effect of bridge skew on the load rating and natural frequencies of a steel girder skewed highway bridge. The analytical load rating was determined based on a line-girder model and the AASHTO bridge design specification. The experimental load rating was determined based on a series of calibrated-weight truck runs. The analytical natural frequency was determined based on correlating the single span response to a continuous span response. The experimental natural frequency was obtained based on the free vibration response from the calibrated-weight truck. The frequency associated with the first spike of the frequency domain plot was identified using a Fast Fourier Transformation. The results show that the analytical load ratings and natural frequencies differed from the experimental values primarily due to effect of bridge skew, which caused the actual load path to be significantly shorter than the bridge span length that was used in the analytical calculations.
Symptom improvement with mirabegron treatment is associated with urobiome changes in adult women
Authors: Halverson Thomas , Mueller Elizabeth R. , Brubaker Linda , Wolfe Alan J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Mirabegron, a beta-3 agonist, is prescribed for urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). We assessed the correlation of symptom improvement with urobiome characteristics in adult women participants prescribed mirabegron for UUI treatment.

Methods
We enrolled participants seeking UUI treatment who selected mirabegron and agreed to participate in this 12-week, open label study conducted at the Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery Center at Loyola University Medical Center. Following eligibility screening and research consent, participants completed the overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB-Q) and provided a catheterized urine sample at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The primary outcome, symptom improvement at 12 weeks, was based on the validated Patient Global Symptom Control questionnaire score to dichotomize symptom response (responder vs nonresponder [PGSC score ≤3]). Urine samples were processed by the Expanded Quantitative Urine Culture (EQUC) protocol.

Results
Eighty-three participants (mean age 68 years) completed baseline assessment. Of the 47 participants with primary outcome data and samples analysis, there were 16 responders and 31 nonresponders; responder groups were similar demographically. Living microbes were detected in most participants. There were no significant differences in alpha diversity (within sample) at baseline between groups. However, at the 12-week follow-up, the responder urobiome became significantly richer, with a larger number of genera (p = 0.027) and was significantly more diverse than the nonresponders.

Conclusions
Longitudinal urobiome changes are associated with symptom improvement in adult women being treated with mirabegron for UUI. The mechanism for symptoms improvement may relate to the detected changes in the urobiome and warrants further study.
The interaction of emotions and cost-shifting rules in civil litigation
Authors: Chen Ben , Rodrigues-Neto José A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe model civil litigation as a simultaneous contest between a plaintiff and a defendant who have monetary and emotional preferences. The litigants’ emotional variables capture a non-monetary joy of winning and relational emotions toward each other. A contest success function (CSF) describes the litigants’ respective probabilities of success based on their endogenous litigation expenses and exogenous relative advantages. The model does not specify a functional form for the CSF. Instead, it accommodates any CSF that satisfies general and intuitive assumptions, which capture frequently-used functional forms. A cost-shifting rule allows the winner to recover an exogenous proportion of her litigation expenses from the loser. There exists a unique Nash equilibrium with positive expenses. In equilibrium, negative relational emotions (but not a positive joy of winning) amplify the effects of cost shifting, and vice versa. Thus negative relational emotions and positive cost shifting have a similar strategic role, and one can be a substitute for the other. If the litigants’ relative advantages are sufficiently balanced, then more cost shifting (or more negative relational emotions) increases total expenses in equilibrium.
COVID-19 Vasculitis and vasculopathy-Distinct immunopathology emerging from the close juxtaposition of Type II Pneumocytes and Pulmonary Endothelial Cells
Authors: Giryes Sami , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Bridgewood Charles , De Marco Gabriele , McGonagle Dennis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 virus ACE-2 receptor utilization for cellular entry and the defined ACE-2 receptor role in cardiovascular medicine hinted at dysregulated endothelial function or even direct viral endotheliitis as the key driver of severe COVID-19 vascular immunopathology including reports of vasculitis. In this article, we critically review COVID-19 immunopathology from the vasculitis perspective and highlight the non-infectious nature of vascular endothelial involvement in severe COVID-19. Whilst COVID-19 lung disease pathological changes included juxta-capillary and vascular macrophage and lymphocytic infiltration typical of vasculitis, we review the evidence reflecting that such “vasculitis” reflects an extension of pneumonic inflammatory pathology to encompass these thin-walled vessels. Definitive, extrapulmonary clinically discernible vasculitis including cutaneous and cardiac vasculitis also emerged- namely a dysregulated interferon expression or “COVID toes” and an ill-defined systemic Kawasaki-like disease. These two latter genuine vasculitis pathologies were not associated with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This was distinct from cutaneous vasculitis in severe COVID-19 that demonstrated pauci-immune infiltrates and prominent immunothrombosis that appears to represent a novel immunothrombotic vasculitis mimic contributed to by RNAaemia or potentially diffuse pulmonary venous tree thrombosis with systemic embolization with small arteriolar territory occlusion, although the latter remains unproven. Herein, we also performed a systematic literature review of COVID-19 vasculitis and reports of post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination related vasculitis with respect to the commonly classified pre-COVID vasculitis groupings. Across the vasculitis spectrum, we noted that Goodpasture’s syndrome was rarely linked to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection but not vaccines. Both the genuine vasculitis in the COVID-19 era and the proposed vasculitis mimic should advance the understanding of both pulmonary and systemic vascular immunopathology.
Promoting smoking cessation in the paediatric respiratory clinic
Authors: Osinibi Mira , Lawton Adam , Bossley Cara , Gupta Atul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExposure to tobacco smoke is harmful to children and young people (CYP). There is, to our knowledge, no published evidence quantifying the success of smoking cessation interventions targeted at both CYP and their parents or guardians in paediatric respiratory clinics. We offered 102 participants smoking cessation advice, using motivational interviewing and exhaled carbon monoxide measurements to help them quit smoking. In total, 16 of 102 participants quit smoking, with 4 lost to follow-up. A further 40 participants cut down on how much they smoked.Conclusion: Formal screening questions on smoking and the provision of smoking cessation advice should form a regular part of all respiratory clinics where CYP and their parents are seen. Simple smoking cessation interventions can lead to reduced smoking in this population.

What is Known:• Tobacco smoking is strongly associated with significant morbidity and mortality.• Adolescents with chronic respiratory diseases may themselves smoke, or may have parents who do so.

What is New:• Smoking cessation interventions are well received in paediatric respiratory clinic by patients and their families.• Simple smoking cessation interventions can help young people and their parents to stop smoking or cut down on smoking.
Health-related quality of life in abdominal wall hernia: let’s ask patients what matters to them?
Authors: Smith O. A. , Mierzwinski M. F. , Chitsabesan P. , Chintapatla S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Quality of Life (QoL) is an important consideration in patients with abdominal wall hernia (AWH). What matters to patients and their everyday experience living with AWH may depend on a variety of personal, psychological, social and environmental factors. At present, no study has addressed what is important to this particular group of patients by asking the patients themselves. This study aims to determine QoL from the patient’s perspective by examining the lived experience in this patient population.

Methods
We interviewed 15 patients with AWH until thematic saturation. The patients were purposively sampled from AWH clinic between February 2020 and June 2020 using topic guides and interview schedules. Verbatim interview transcripts were coded and analysed using NVivo12 software and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). We adhered to consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).

Results
Fifteen participants (8 men and 7 women) of age range 36–85 years, median 65 years, covering all Ventral Hernia Working Group (VHWG) grades. Five superordinate themes were identified each with several subordinate themes, as follows: (1) body image (subthemes—‘changes to perceptions of self’ and ‘fears concerning perceptions of others’). (2) Mental health (subthemes—‘emotional responses’, ‘disruptions to previously solid aspects of identity’, ‘developing coping strategies’). (3) Symptoms (subthemes—‘managing pain’, ‘freedom of movement’, ‘restriction and adaptation of function’). (4) Interpersonal relationships (subthemes—‘difficulties socially connecting’ and ‘changes in sexual relations’). (5) Employment (subthemes—‘financial pressure’, ‘return to work issues’ and ‘costs to family’).

Conclusion
This is the first phenomenological qualitative study in the field of AWH and presents a rich account of what is important to these patients in terms of QoL. Developed from the patients’ own words, the themes are interrelated and should shape our understanding of patients with AWH. This study provides qualitative examples of each theme. This study has identified new themes (body image, interpersonal relationships and employment) that are not incorporated in existing AWH-specific QoL instruments. This is important for surgeons because the study suggests that we are currently not capturing all data relevant to QoL in this specific patient group with current tools. The wider impact of this would be to help counsel patients and support them more holistically through the disease process and it's management. Further research is needed to generate a standardised AWH QoL instrument which incorporates bio-psycho-emotional–social themes important to patients, as identified by patients.
A quantile regression perspective on external preference mapping
Authors: Davino Cristina , Næs Tormod , Romano Rosaria , Vistocco Domenico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExternal preference mapping is widely used in marketing and R&D divisions to understand the consumer behaviour. The most common preference map is obtained through a two-step procedure that combines principal component analysis and least squares regression. The standard approach exploits classical regression and therefore focuses on the conditional mean. This paper proposes the use of quantile regression to enrich the preference map looking at the whole distribution of the consumer preference. The enriched maps highlight possible different consumer behaviour with respect to the less or most preferred products. This is pursued by exploring the variability of liking along the principal components as well as focusing on the direction of preference. The use of different aesthetics (colours, shapes, size, arrows) equips standard preference map with additional information and does not force the user to change the standard tool she/he is used to. The proposed methodology is shown in action on a case study pertaining yogurt preferences.