bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal resource selection of an arboreal habitat specialist in a human-dominated landscape: A case study using red panda
Authors: Bista Damber , Baxter Greg S , Hudson Nicholas J , Murray Peter J 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman-dominated landscapes provide heterogeneous wildlife habitat. Conservation of habitat specialists, like red pandas Ailurus fulgens, inhabiting such landscapes is challenging. Therefore, information on resource use across spatial and temporal scales could enable informed-decision making with better conservation outcomes. We aimed to examine the effect of geo-physical, vegetation, and disturbance variables on fine-scale habitat selection of red pandas in one such landscape. We equipped 10 red pandas with GPS collars in eastern Nepal in 2019 and monitored them for 1 year. Our analysis was based on a generalized-linear-mixed model. We found the combined effect of geo-physical, vegetation, and disturbance variables resulted in differences in resource selection of red pandas and that the degree of response to these variables varied across seasons. Human disturbances, especially road and cattle herding activities, affected habitat utilization throughout the year whereas other variables were important only during restricted periods. For instance, geo-physical variables were influential in the premating and cub-rearing seasons while vegetation variables were important in all seasons other than premating. Red pandas selected steeper slopes with high solar insolation in the premating season while they occupied elevated areas and preferred specific aspects in the cub-rearing season. Furthermore, the utilized areas had tall bamboo in the birthing and cub-rearing seasons while they also preferred diverse tree species and high shrub cover in the latter. Our study demonstrates the significance of season-specific management, suggests the importance of specific types of vegetation during biologically crucial periods, and emphasizes the necessity to minimize disturbances throughout the year.
Peripheral bare-metal stent implantation for a very-late stenosis of an aortic-left main Cabrol graft: a case report
Authors: Carrera Arcangelo , Contorni Francesco , Gambacciani Andrea , Neri Eugenio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The surgical ascending aorta repair according to the Cabrol procedure involves the interposition of a prosthetic conduit between the aortic prosthesis and the native coronary ostia. Previous cases of the Cabrol conduit stenosis have been described, most of which presented as acute coronary syndromes due to thrombotic occlusion of the graft.

Case summary
We present a case of stable exertional angina due to very-late stenosis of the coronary prosthetic conduit, successfully treated with trans-femoral percutaneous angioplasty and off-label implantation of a balloon-expandable bare-metal stent designed for peripheral artery disease. The multimodality imaging approach gave an essential contribution both to the assessment of the lesion and to the procedural planning. Despite the concerns about long-term results, a peripheral bare-metal stent was preferred over a standard coronary drug-eluting stent due to the remarkable dimension of the Cabrol conduit. Three years after the procedure, the patient is free from angina, and coronary computed tomography showed no significative luminal loss of the stent.

Conclusion
Elective angioplasty of a Cabrol graft requires a careful planning through a multimodality stenosis assessment. Conventional coronary stents can be not large enough to ensure adequate apposition to the wide prosthetic conduit and peripheral bare-metal stents may be taken into consideration, at the price of unknown long-term outcomes.
The Treaty of Nîmes (1704): fake news, propaganda and diplomacy during the War of the Spanish Succession
Authors: Laborie Lionel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article reappraises the significance of the ‘Treaty of Nîmes’, a fake historical document that supposedly ended the War of the Cévennes in May 1704. The agreement was negotiated by Camisard leader Jean Cavalier and Louis XIV’s representative in Languedoc, the Maréchal de Villars. It claimed no less than to restore the Edict of Nantes in Languedoc two decades after its revocation, and sparked speculation among the Protestant coalition about the true state of French domestic affairs in the midst of the War of the Spanish Succession. Dissecting its individual articles against the backdrop of contemporary correspondences, newspapers and pamphlets, this article thus reconstructs the origins and true purpose of that controversial agreement to show the limits of the Sun King’s absolutist rule, and makes a case more generally for the historical value of fake historical documents.
Genome size evolution in the diverse insect order Trichoptera
Authors: Heckenhauer Jacqueline , Frandsen Paul B , Sproul John S , Li Zheng , Paule Juraj , Larracuente Amanda M , Maughan Peter J , Barker Michael S , Schneider Julio V , Stewart Russell J , Pauls Steffen U 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Genome size is implicated in the form, function, and ecological success of a species. Two principally different mechanisms are proposed as major drivers of eukaryotic genome evolution and diversity: polyploidy (i.e., whole-genome duplication) or smaller duplication events and bursts in the activity of repetitive elements. Here, we generated de novo genome assemblies of 17 caddisflies covering all major lineages of Trichoptera. Using these and previously sequenced genomes, we use caddisflies as a model for understanding genome size evolution in diverse insect lineages.

Results
We detect a ∼14-fold variation in genome size across the order Trichoptera. We find strong evidence that repetitive element expansions, particularly those of transposable elements (TEs), are important drivers of large caddisfly genome sizes. Using an innovative method to examine TEs associated with universal single-copy orthologs (i.e., BUSCO genes), we find that TE expansions have a major impact on protein-coding gene regions, with TE-gene associations showing a linear relationship with increasing genome size. Intriguingly, we find that expanded genomes preferentially evolved in caddisfly clades with a higher ecological diversity (i.e., various feeding modes, diversification in variable, less stable environments).

Conclusion
Our findings provide a platform to test hypotheses about the potential evolutionary roles of TE activity and TE-gene associations, particularly in groups with high species, ecological, and functional diversities.
Can a high-powered financial incentive programme reduce resignation rates among healthcare providers in rural areas? Evidence from Thailand’s 2008 Hardship Allowance programme
Authors: Noochpoung Rakchanok , Hung Peiyin , Hair Nicole L , Putthasri Weerasak , Chen Brian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Geographic disparities in the availability of healthcare providers remain a global health challenge. Financial incentives have been widely implemented to attract rural healthcare workers with limited scientific evidence in developing economies. In this study, we investigate the relationship between financial incentives and rural resignations in a middle-income country using Thailand’s Hardship Allowance programme that first doubled or tripled but later decreased direct payments to rural providers. This retrospective observational study used data on dentists’ work status from the Human Resource Management Department at the Ministry of Public Health in Thailand. Segmented regression and difference-in-differences approaches were used to analyse the effect of changes to the Hardship Allowance on rural dentists’ resignation and relocation patterns. We found that the dramatic increase in the Hardship Allowance in 2008 was associated with a decrease in resignation rates among dentists in rural areas. However, after Thailand recategorized certain rural districts into urban areas in 2016, dentists were more likely to relocate from the newly urbanized areas to established urban centres, likely due in part to reductions in the Hardship Allowance that accompanied recategorization. However, we did not find that resignations increased in these affected areas. Finally, in a subgroup analysis, we found that older dentists were less likely than younger dentists to relocate from areas affected by the 2016 rural-to-urban recategorization. Overall, our study found that a dramatic increase in financial incentives reduced resignation rates in rural Thailand, but a reversal of the incentives as a result of rural-to-urban reclassification resulted in relocations from the affected areas to established urban centres. When considering their strategic goals of equitable healthcare workforce distribution, policymakers should be aware that both direct and indirect changes to payment incentives may affect dentists’ resignation and practice location decisions and that these decisions may be influenced by provider demographics.
Perceptions of the health risks of cannabis: estimates from national surveys in Canada and the United States, 2018–2019
Authors: Goodman Samantha , Hammond David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFew studies have compared knowledge of the specific health risks of cannabis across jurisdictions. This study aimed to examine perceptions of the health risks of cannabis in Canada and US states with and without legal non-medical cannabis. Cross-sectional data were collected from the 2018 and 2019 International Cannabis Policy Study online surveys. Respondents aged 16–65 (n = 72 459) were recruited from Nielsen panels using non-probability methods. Respondents completed questions on nine health effects of cannabis (including two ‘false’ control items). Socio-demographic data were collected. Regression models tested differences in outcomes between jurisdictions and by frequency of cannabis use, adjusting for socio-demographic factors. Across jurisdictions, agreement with statements on the health risks of cannabis was highest for questions on driving after cannabis use (66–80%), use during pregnancy/breastfeeding (61–71%) and addiction (51–62%) and lowest for risk of psychosis and schizophrenia (23–37%). Additionally, 12–18% and 6–7% of respondents agreed with the ‘false’ assertions that cannabis could cure/prevent cancer and cause diabetes, respectively. Health knowledge was highest among Canadian respondents, followed by US states that had legalized non-medical cannabis and lowest in states that had not legalized non-medical cannabis (P &lt; 0.001). Overall, the findings demonstrate a substantial deficit in knowledge of the health risks of cannabis, particularly among frequent consumers.
IVF and human evolution
Authors: Hanevik Hans Ivar , Hessen Dag O 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTHumans are shaped by evolution through natural selection, as are all species. While evolution is central to all biological processes, the key stage for competition and selection is reproduction, which encompasses various events from courtship and mating to fertilization and pregnancy. In humans, IVF is used to aid the intrinsically inefficient reproduction by coitus, and in several countries, the proportion of children born after IVF is increasing. While IVF is an enabling technology for infertile patients, it also circumvents reproductive barriers and changes selection pressures. This grand theme review describes the systematic differences between IVF and coitus in selection pressures on reproducing cells, individuals and populations. At the cellular unit of selection, for example, IVF favours different traits in spermatozoa (fast swimmers over short distances) than coitus does (forward mobility over longer distances). Similarly, a male with low sperm quality and a female who decides to delay her first birth to an advanced age, can both increase their reproductive fitness by IVF compared to if reproduction by coitus is their only option. In as much as delayed reproduction is a cultural trait, IVF thus enables cultural practices that may in their turn affect human evolution. A main point in this review is to discuss the interactive effects of biological and cultural traits in the context of IVF, and how they act in concert as drivers towards increased demand for IVF. It is not the aim of this review to argue against IVF, which no doubt is a major medical advancement, but rather to examine IVF and human evolution from a broad perspective, including potential longer-term impacts. Since IVF is a young technology, the empirical data indicative of evolutionary effects of IVF in humans are sparse. In general, we argue that IVF facilitates the redirection of resources away from reproduction in humans, since reproduction by IVF bypasses some of the resource-demanding processes that reproduction by coitus entails. Hence, IVF sets the evolutionary stage for a human species increasingly reliant on, and adapted to, technological means of reproduction.
Prophylactic (R,S)-Ketamine Is Effective Against Stress-Induced Behaviors in Adolescent but Not Aged Mice
Authors: Mastrodonato Alessia , Pavlova Ina , Kee Noelle C , Pham Van Anh , McGowan Josephine C , Mann J John , Denny Christine A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
(R,S)-ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, is frequently used as an anesthetic and as a rapid-acting antidepressant. We and others have reported that (R,S)-ketamine is prophylactic against stress in adult mice but have yet to test its efficacy in adolescent or aged populations.

Methods
Here, we administered saline or (R,S)-ketamine as a prophylactic at varying doses to adolescent (5-week-old) and aged (24-month-old) 129S6/SvEv mice of both sexes 1 week before a 3-shock contextual fear-conditioning (CFC) stressor. Following CFC, we assessed behavioral despair, avoidance, perseverative behavior, locomotion, and contextual fear discrimination. To assess whether the prophylactic effect could persist into adulthood, adolescent mice were injected with saline or varying doses of (R,S)-ketamine and administered a 3-shock CFC as a stressor 1 month later. Mice were then re-exposed to the aversive context 5 days later and administered behavioral tests as aforementioned. Brains were also processed to quantify Cyclooxygenase 2 expression as a proxy for inflammation to determine whether the prophylactic effects of (R,S)-ketamine were partially due to changes in brain inflammation.

Results
Our data indicate that (R,S)-ketamine is prophylactic at sex-specific doses in adolescent but not aged mice. (R,S)-ketamine attenuated learned fear and perseverative behavior in females, reduced behavioral despair in males, and facilitated contextual fear discrimination in both sexes. (R,S)-ketamine reduced Cyclooxygenase 2 expression specifically in ventral Cornu Ammonis region 3 of male mice.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that prophylactic (R,S)-ketamine efficacy is sex, dose, and age dependent and will inform future studies investigating (R,S)-ketamine efficacy across the lifespan.
Accelerated exponential Euler scheme for stochastic heat equation: convergence rate of the density
Authors: Chen Chuchu , Cui Jianbo , Hong Jialin , Sheng Derui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the numerical approximation of the density of the stochastic heat equation driven by space-time white noise via the accelerated exponential Euler scheme. The existence and smoothness of the density of the numerical solution are proved by means of Malliavin calculus. Based on a priori estimates of the numerical solution we present a test-function-independent weak convergence analysis, which is crucial to show the convergence of the density. The convergence order of the density in uniform convergence topology is shown to be exactly $1/2$ in the nonlinear drift case and nearly $1$ in the affine drift case. As far as we know, this is the first result on the existence and convergence of density of the numerical solution to the stochastic partial differential equation.
On Strongly Inflexible Manifolds
Authors: Costoya Cristina , Muñoz Vicente , Viruel Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn oriented closed connected $N$-manifold $M$ is inflexible if it does not admit self-maps of unbounded degree. In addition, if all the maps from any other oriented closed connected $N$-manifold have bounded degree, then $M$ is said to be strongly inflexible. The existence of simply-connected inflexible manifolds was established by Arkowitz and Lupton. However, the existence of simply-connected strongly inflexible manifolds is still an open question. We provide an algorithm relying on Sullivan models that allows us to prove that all, but one, of the known examples of simply-connected inflexible manifolds are not strongly inflexible.
Burn Shock and Resuscitation: Review and State of the Science
Authors: Cartotto Robert , Burmeister David M , Kubasiak John C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBurn shock and acute fluid resuscitation continue to spark intense interest and debate among burn clinicians. Following a major burn injury, fluid resuscitation of burn shock is life-saving, but paradoxically can also be a source of increased morbidity and mortality because of the unintended consequence of systemic edema formation. Considerable research over the past two decades has been devoted to understanding the mechanisms of edema formation, and to develop strategies to curb resuscitation fluids and limit edema development. Recognition of burn endotheliopathy—injury to the endothelium’s glycocalyx layer—is one of the most important recent developments in our understanding of burn shock pathophysiology. Newer monitoring approaches and resuscitation endpoints, along with alternative resuscitation strategies to crystalloids alone, such as administration of albumin, or plasma, or high-dose ascorbic acid, have had mixed results in limiting fluid creep. Clear demonstration of improvements in outcomes with all of these approaches remains elusive. This comprehensive review article on burn shock and acute resuscitation accompanies the American Burn Association’s State of the Science meeting held in New Orleans, LA on November 2 to 3, 2021 and the Proceedings of that conference published in this journal.
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of Topical Ropivacaine for Prevention of Post-POEM Pain
Authors: Rai Mandip , Nazarin Amir , Taylor Connie , McMullen Michael , Hookey Lawrence , Chung Wiley , Bechara Robert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Although usually mild to moderate in severity, postoperative pain after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is common. There are no studies that have addressed minimizing postoperative pain in patients undergoing POEM for achalasia. We hypothesized that intraoperative topical intra-tunnel irrigation with ropivacaine would result in a significant reduction in pain scores in the postoperative period.

Methods
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the Kingston Health Sciences Center. Patients received either 30 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine or 30 mL of placebo irrigated topically into the POEM tunnel after completing the myotomy and prior to closing the mucosal incision. The primary outcome was pain post-POEM at 6 h assessed by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Secondary objectives included assessing pain score at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 h post-POEM and on discharge, Quality of Recovery (QoR-15) scores at discharge, narcotic requirement, adverse events, and patients’ willingness to have the procedure done on an outpatient basis.

Results
A total of 20 patients were enrolled. For the primary outcome of pain post-POEM at 6 h, the NRS was 1.1 in the placebo group and 2.4 in the ropivacaine group (95% CI of the difference: −3.2 to 0.6, P = 0.171). No statistical difference was seen in the pain scores. Overall usage of post-procedural narcotics was low with no differences between the two groups. Fifty percent of patients in both groups were willing to have the procedure done as an outpatient.

Conclusion
The addition of intra-procedural tunnel irrigation with 30 mL 0.2% ropivacaine did not lead to reduced post-POEM pain.
Molecular Identification and Virulence of Four Strains of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against the Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Lu Qian , Wang Peng , Ali Asad , Zang Lian-Sheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is a key pest of many economically important crops grown in the field and in greenhouses throughout the world. Because entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are potential biological control agents for B. tabaci, however, minimal research has been conducted on using fungal strains to control B. tabaci. In this study, four EPF strains were isolated and identified as Lecanicillium attenuatum (Zare & Gams) JL-003, Beauveria bassiana Balsamo (Vuillemin) JL-005, Lecanicillium longisporum (Petch) JL-006, and Akanthomyces lecanii (Zimmerman) JL-007, based on rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. In comparing the virulence of the four fungi against the different life stages (i.e., eggs, 1st-, 2nd-, 3rd-, 4th-instar nymphs, and adults) of B. tabaci the mortality of B. tabaci decreased and LT50 values increased as the conidia concentration decreased in a series of conidia concentrations (1 × 105, 106, 107, and 108 conidia/mL). The fungal strains L. attenuatum JL-003 (LC50: 1.31 × 106) and B. bassiana JL-005 (LC50: 0.92 × 106) were found to be more effective than L. longisporum JL-006 (LC50: 4.97 × 107) and A. lecanii JL-007 (LC50: 6.46 × 106). Fourth-instar nymphs, eggs, and adult stages of B. tabaci were less susceptible to all fungal strains compared to 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-instar nymphs. The virulence of L. attenuatum, which was tested for the first time on B. tabaci, was found to be more toxic to early-stage nymphs. Our data will be useful in biological control programs that are considering using EPF against B. tabaci.
T. J. Alldridge’s Sierra Leone collections
Authors: Hart William 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Through his books, The Sherbro and its Hinterland (1901) and Sierra Leone: A transformed colony (1911), and his collections of ethnographic material from southern Sierra Leone, Thomas Joshua Alldridge (1847–1916) has probably had a greater influence in shaping the wider world’s perception of Sierra Leone’s traditional culture than any other single individual. The present article traces the history of his collections, showing that they were more extensive than is generally recognized, and documenting their dispersal to public institutions and private collectors in Europe and America. Among the questions it raises is how far the objects in Alldridge’s collections are an authentic representation of the ways of life of the peoples of southern Sierra Leone on the eve of colonization.
The International Criminal Justice Marketplace of Ideas
Authors: Christensen Mikkel Jarle , Godzimirska Zuzanna , Jarland Julie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The field of international criminal justice is supported and legitimized by a distinct marketplace of norms and ideas. Within this marketplace, stakeholders compete to define dominant norms, conceptual frames and the practical direction of international criminal justice. Building on the relational sociology of Bourdieu, this article examines how this competition plays out by studying the relational agenda-setting practices of central stakeholders. To this end, the analysis draws on an original dataset of annual reports produced by international criminal tribunals, academic articles and non-governmental organization reports published between 1994 and 2018. Employing Structural Topic Modelling, the article contributes a data-driven and empirically informed analysis of core developments and agenda-setting in the marketplace of ideas in international criminal justice. Zooming in on the topic of sexual violence which was placed on the agenda by NGOs in the early 2000s before becoming prevalent in the outputs of academics and international criminal tribunals, the article illustrates how normative agendas spearheaded by specific stakeholders can have broader effects in the field.