bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memories people no longer believe in can still affect them in helpful and harmful ways
Authors: Burnell Ryan , Nash Robert A. , Umanath Sharda , Garry Maryanne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPeople can come to “remember” experiences they never had, and these false memories—much like memories for real experiences—can serve a variety of helpful and harmful functions. Sometimes, though, people realize one of their memories is false, and retract their belief in it. These “retracted memories” continue to have many of the same phenomenological characteristics as their believed memories. But can they also continue to serve functions? Across four experiments, we asked subjects to rate the extent to which their retracted memories serve helpful and harmful functions and compared these functions with those served by “genuine” autobiographical memories. People rated their retracted memories as serving both helpful and harmful functions, much like their genuine memories. In addition, we found only weak relationships between people’s belief in their memories and the extent to which those memories served perceived functions. These results suggest memories can serve functions even in the absence of belief and highlight the potential for false memories to affect people’s thinking and behavior even after people have retracted them.
Chatbot Language - crowdsource perceptions and reactions to dialogue systems to inform dialogue design decisions
Authors: Popp Birgit , Lalone Philip , Leschanowsky Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConversational User Interfaces (CUI) are widely used, with about 1.8 billion users worldwide in 2020. For designing and building CUI, dialogue designers have to decide on how the CUI communicates with users and what dialogue strategies to pursue (e.g. reactive vs. proactive). Dialogue strategies can be evaluated in user tests by comparing user perceptions and reactions to different dialogue strategies. Simulating CUI and running them online, for example on crowdsourcing websites, is an attractive avenue to collecting user perceptions and reactions, as they can be gathered time- and cost-effectively. However, developing and deploying a CUI on a crowd sourcing platform can be laborious and requires technical proficiency from researchers. We present Chatbot Language (CBL) as a framework to quickly develop and deploy CUI on crowd sourcing platforms, without requiring a technical background. CBL is a library with specialized CUI functionality, which is based on the high-level language JavaScript. In addition, CBL provides scripts that use the API of the crowd sourcing platform Mechanical Turk (MT) in order to (a) create MT Human Intelligence Tasks (HITs) and (b) retrieve the results of those HITs. We used CBL to run experiments on MT and present a sample workflow as well as an example experiment. CBL is freely available and we discuss how CBL can be used now and may be further developed in the future.
Supervised machine learning aided behavior classification in pigeons
Authors: Wittek Neslihan , Wittek Kevin , Keibel Christopher , Güntürkün Onur 
Published: June 2022

AbstractManual behavioral observations have been applied in both environment and laboratory experiments in order to analyze and quantify animal movement and behavior. Although these observations contributed tremendously to ecological and neuroscientific disciplines, there have been challenges and disadvantages following in their footsteps. They are not only time-consuming, labor-intensive, and error-prone but they can also be subjective, which induces further difficulties in reproducing the results. Therefore, there is an ongoing endeavor towards automated behavioral analysis, which has also paved the way for open-source software approaches. Even though these approaches theoretically can be applied to different animal groups, the current applications are mostly focused on mammals, especially rodents. However, extending those applications to other vertebrates, such as birds, is advisable not only for extending species-specific knowledge but also for contributing to the larger evolutionary picture and the role of behavior within. Here we present an open-source software package as a possible initiation of bird behavior classification. It can analyze pose-estimation data generated by established deep-learning-based pose-estimation tools such as DeepLabCut for building supervised machine learning predictive classifiers for pigeon behaviors, which can be broadened to support other bird species as well. We show that by training different machine learning and deep learning architectures using multivariate time series data as input, an F1 score of 0.874 can be achieved for a set of seven distinct behaviors. In addition, an algorithm for further tuning the bias of the predictions towards either precision or recall is introduced, which allows tailoring the classifier to specific needs.
Determinant Factors of the Quality of Life in Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rochmah Nur , Mustikasari Rahma Ira , Faizi Muhammad , Irwanto Irwanto 
Published: June 2022

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a common chronic illness with increasing prevalence. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and large society restriction policies in Indonesia cause problems and might affect the quality of life (QoL) of children with OI.
Objective: To evaluate determinant factors that affect OI children's QoL pre and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: This was a cross-sectional study design conducted in the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 to assess the patient’s QoL. This study used a diagnostic group with questionnaires. The instrument included the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Score, a standardized interview questionnaire comprising questions on the participant characteristics and determinant factors pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of determinant factors pre and during the pandemic used McNemar. Correlation between determinant factors and QoL used linear regression for physical and emotional dimensions and logistic regression for social, school, and total score.
Result: Of the 22 children with OI, 19 had fear of visiting the hospital (p < 0.001), and 16 had obstacles to visiting the hospital (p < 0.01). The determinant factors for taking calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic affected school functioning (p = 0.015) and the total score (p = 0.027).
Conclusion: The significant risk factors pre and during COVID-19 were fear of and obstacles to visiting the hospital. Supplementation of calcium and/or vitamin D pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted school functioning and the total score.
Evaluation of methods of modeling and formation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
Authors: Nefodov Oleksandr O. , Belenichev Igor F. , Fedchenko Mykola P. , Popazova Olena O. , Ryzhenko Victor P. , Morozova Oksana V. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Experimental autoimmune (allergic) encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by intradermal injection of ho­mogenate of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve with Freund’s stimulator, refers to a true autoimmune disease of the nervous system.
Materials and methods: Experimental studies were conducted on white nonlinear rats. To induce experimental aller­gic encephalomyelitis (EAE), homologous brain homogenates was used, which leads among other drugs (homologous, heterogeneous brain and spinal cord homogenates) by encephalitogenity. The connective tissue of the animal’s tail base was injected with a mixture of encephalitogenic suspension of 0.1 ml per 100 g of the body weight.
Results and discussion: According to the results, in the rats, there was weight loss, and the abnormal neurological symptoms were found on an average of 10–12th days. Our experimental studies on the formation of EAE were con­firmed morphologically by electron microscopy.
Conclusion: Thus, the use of this technique allowed us to obtain a simulated pathologic condition of multiple sclerosis in the form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and can be used in future studies to identify appropriate laws, the extent and nature of changes in the immune and nervous systems of the body when inducing experimental pathological conditions.
Study of the operational conditions for ethyl esters production using residual frying oil and KF/clay catalyst in a continuous system
Authors: Zempulski D.A. , Postaue N. , Stevanato N. , Alves H.J. , Silva C. 
Published: June 2022

The transesterification of residual frying oil (RFO) with pressurized ethanol was carried out in a continuous reactor containing KF/clay as a heterogeneous catalyst. In the experiments, different oil:ethanol mass ratios were evaluated at 275 and 300 ºC and 20 MPa. In the sequence, the operational stability of the catalyst was evaluated for 8 hours, as well as the conduct of the reaction in two steps (testing new and recycled catalyst). An esters yield of ~90% was achieve at 275 ºC, for15 min and at 1:1.5 oil:ethanol mass ratio. Under these conditions, the catalyst provided a stable yield in the first 3 hours of operation, and a total decrease of 29% after 8 hours. This result can be attributed mainly to the leaching of the K+ cations for the reactions in which the catalyst was exposed to long operating times. The two-step reaction served to increase the RFO conversion to esters, with low thermal decomposition.
Simulation and Analysis of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Various Proof-Mass Geometries
Authors: B Sirisha , Santhosh Chella , S Sunithamani , M Ravi Kumar , J Lakshmi Prasanna 
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to generate electricity, by decreasing fossil fuels consumption and conserving electricity for further use. In this project, the method is to produce pollution-free electricity using the technique i.e. piezoelectric effect technique. By applying mechanical stress electric charge is generated known as the piezoelectric effect. A sufficient amount of energy is produced as it can reduce the damage of pollution caused by power plants. So to make the use of moving vehicles on road, power generated helps the environment last longer. Different shape, proof mass geometries are analyzed and plotted a graph between frequency versus voltage and electrical energy. Among them, it is identified that stacked cylindrical block has a good Voltage of 2.04mV (milliVolts = 10-3V) and Energy of 21.2fJ (femtoJoule = 10-15J).
Reducing the Risk of Gastric Cancer Through Proper Nutrition – A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jamil Danish , Palaniappan Sellappan , Zia Syed Saood , Lokman Asiah , Naseem Muhammad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract— Data Sources: Articles for this paper were sourced from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Data Extraction: Human studies published in English from 2015 to 2021 were included. Two reviewers initially assessed abstracts of 958 papers and 192 papers were selected for future assessments. After a full review, 38 articles were selected. Results: Dietary salt is a high-risk factor for Gastric Cancer (GC) while red meat and a high-fat diet increase the risk. Alcohol intake is only a risk if consumed heavily.
Conclusion: Dairy foods, vitamin C, smoked food, rich food, and Helicobacter pylori are included in the etiology of GC. So are fresh fruits, vegetables, and specific refined grains. Salt, fats, spicy foods, alcohol, red meat, and pepper increase the risk. Knowing cancer patients' nutrition problems would help intervention measures be taken to remedy the situation.
Strategies employed in coping with physical disabilities acquired during adulthood in rural South Africa
Authors: Sadiki Marubini C. , Kibirige Israel 
Published: June 2022

Background: Society places people with physical disabilities acquired during adulthood in disadvantaged positions, especially when they cannot participate in activities like their non-disabled counterparts. The situation can be worse for individuals who acquire disabilities during adulthood, where they have to learn to cope with the adulthood-acquired physical disabilities.Objectives: This study aimed to identify the types of physical disabilities acquired during adulthood and their causes and explore how participants defined their disabilities and the coping strategies they used.Methods: The study used a phenomenological research design. Five adults (three women, two men) with adulthood-acquired disabilities were purposefully selected from a rural area in Limpopo, South Africa. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to generate themes about coping strategies study participants used.Results: The results show four types of adulthood-acquired disabilities amongst the participants: visual impairment, paraplegia, weakened muscles which led to bilateral amputation, loss of function on both hands and legs. Participants’ meanings of their physical adulthood-acquired disabilities ranged from a punishment, pain, not a bother, black magic, to results of doing wrong things to someone. In coming to terms with their adulthood-acquired disabilities, participants used problem- and emotion-focused strategies. Four themes from the participants’ responses were spiritual support, social support, substance dependency, access to health and rehabilitation services.Conclusion: The study contributes to understanding the experiences of individuals who acquired disabilities in adulthood, how they define their disabilities and the divergent coping strategies they use. This study established that participants used problem-focused, positive emotion-focused and negative emotion-focused coping strategies.
Study of corneal endothelial cells in diabetic patients
Authors: Dawood Yousif F. 
Published: June 2022

Background: The cornea is the anterior transparent part of the eye. In addition to its optical and refractive function, it is an important protective structure.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess corneal endothelium (counts, morphology and structure) as well as corneal thickness of Type 2 diabetic participants.Setting: This is a hospital-based case–control study and was carried out at Ibn Al Haitham tertiary eye hospital in Baghdad, Iraq.Methods: The sample size was 240 eyes of 120 diabetic participants and 120 healthy participants. Non-contact specular microscopy was utilised to evaluate corneal endothelial cells, including endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation in cell area (CV), hexagonality (HEX) of cells as well as central corneal thickness (CCT).Results: The ECD was lower in the diabetic corneas (2584.87 ± 259.15 cell/mm2) compared with the healthy corneas (2717.56 ± 289.67 cell/mm2) (p = 0.017, statistically significant). Coefficient of variance (CV) was greater in the diabetic group (40.8 ± 4.17) as opposed to the group with healthy corneas (37.3 ± 2.89) (p = 0.019, statistically significant). The corneas of the diabetic group showed lower hexagonality (44.36% ± 9.87%) compared with the healthy corneas (59.35% ± 9.67%) (p 0.001, statistically significant). Furthermore, the corneas of the diabetic group had greater central thickness (581.1 ± 32.4 µm) when compared with the control group (511.8 ± 29.8 µm), (p 0.001, statistically significant). No correlation was found between the severity level of diabetic retinopathy and corneal endothelial pathological alterations.Conclusion: Long-term poorly controlled glycaemia has a remarkable impact on corneal endothelium (counts, morphology and structure) as well as corneal thickness.
Impact of COVID-19 – Experiences of 5th year medical students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Ross Andrew J. 
Published: June 2022

Background: The global pandemic associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a considerable effect on higher education in South Africa, with online instruction replacing traditional lectures for many students. Medical students were required to vacate their residences in March 2020 but returned to campus in July 2020 to enable them to continue with clinical teaching and learning. The aim of this study was to understand the learning experiences of 5th year medical students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) during 2020.Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted via Zoom in December 2020 with 18 students in four focus group discussions and four semi-structured interviews. These were all facilitated by an independent researcher with experience in qualitative research. All the interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed qualitatively through the identification of codes, categories and themes.Results: The following major themes emerged: A stressful and at times an overwhelming year, mental health issues, developing strategies to cope, and issues that related to teaching and learning.Conclusion: The disruptions caused by COVID-19, the lockdown, a condensed academic programme and uncertainty about their competency resulted in high levels of anxiety and stress among medical students. Participants highlighted strategies that had helped them to cope with the isolation and academic pressures. Given the large volume of work, careful thought needs to be given to what should be taught and how it should be taught to ensure that graduates have the competencies they need to practise.
Relationship between personality of owner-managers and performance of internet cafes in Free State, South Africa
Authors: Tsoai Nthabeleng , Chipunza Crispen 
Published: June 2022

Background: Although small businesses, including internet cafes, contribute to the country’s economy, the majority of internet cafes fail to survive for more than 2 years after their first year of operation.Aim: The main aim of this article was to promote the growth and survival of small businesses in the telecommunication industry through profiling owner–managers and the business performance of internet cafés in the Free State province, South Africa.Setting: The study focuses on the relationship between the personality of owner–managers and the performance of internet cafés.Methods: This study draws on a quantitative approach in line with the positivist paradigm, with a participation of 88 owner–managers who completed the questionnaires.Results: The findings of the study showed that conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience traits are positively related to the performance of internet cafes.Conclusion: Despite most studies investigating the relationship between the performance of internet cafes and the personality traits of owner–managers, this study concludes that there is a relationship between the two variables. This informs institutions that provide funding for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to encourage people with conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience personality traits to pursue businesses in the technology industry.
Impact of Antecedent Infections on the Antibodies against Gangliosides and Ganglioside Complexes in Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Dutta Debprasad , Debnath Monojit , Seshagiri Doniparthi V. , Nair Binu V. Sreekumaran , Das Sumit K. , Wahatule Rahul , Sinha Sanjib , Ravi Vasanthapuram , Taly Arun B. , Nagappa Madhu 
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims:
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), an immune-mediated neuropathy, is characterized by antibodies against gangliosides/ganglioside complexes (GSCs) of peripheral nerves. Antecedent infections have been reported to induce antibodies that cross-react with the host gangliosides and thereby have a pivotal role in conferring an increased risk for developing GBS. Data pertaining to the impact of various antecedent infections, particularly those prevalent in tropical countries like India on the ganglioside/GSC antibodies is sparse. We aimed at exploring the association between six antecedent infections and the profile of ganglioside/GSC antibodies in GBS.

Methods:
Patients with GBS (n = 150) and healthy controls (n = 50) were examined for the serum profile of antibodies against GM1, GM2, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b and their GSCs by ELISA. These antibodies were correlated with immunoreactivities against Campylobacter jejuni, Japanese encephalitis (JE), dengue, influenza, zika, and chikungunya infections.

Results:
The frequencies of antibodies against six single gangliosides (P < 0.001) and their GSCs (P = 0.039) were significantly higher in patients as compared to controls. Except for GT1b-antibody which was more frequent in axonal GBS, none of the other ganglioside/GSC antibodies correlated with the electrophysiological subtypes of GBS. Antecedent JE infection was significantly associated with increased frequency of antibodies against GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b. Antibodies against GSCs were not influenced by the antecedent infections.

Interpretation:
This study for the first time shows an association between antecedent JE infection and ganglioside antibodies in GBS. This finding reinforces the determining role of antecedent infections on ganglioside antibody responses and the subsequent immunological processes in GBS.
The generator rank of subhomogeneous -algebras
Authors: Thiel Hannes 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe compute the generator rank of a subhomogeneous
$C^*\!$
-algebra in terms of the covering dimension of the pieces of its primitive ideal space corresponding to irreducible representations of a fixed dimension. We deduce that every
$\mathcal {Z}$
-stable approximately subhomogeneous algebra has generator rank one, which means that a generic element in such an algebra is a generator.This leads to a strong solution of the generator problem for classifiable, simple, nuclear
$C^*\!$
-algebras: a generic element in each such algebra is a generator. Examples of Villadsen show that this is not the case for all separable, simple, nuclear
$C^*\!$
-algebras.
Haematology and Serum Biochemistry Evaluations of Broiler Chickens Inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis and Treated with Phyllanthus amarus Leaf extract
Authors: Unigwe C. R. , Esan O. O. , Egwu U. L. , Enibe F. , Njoku P. C. , Onyeachonam F. O. 
Published: June 2022

A 21-day experiment was conducted to study the effects on haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and treated with methanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus leaf (PALM). A total of 60 Abor-Acre unsexed 5 week old broiler chickens were randomly allotted to four treatments including T1 = Ordinary water (control), T2 = SE inoculated (107 CFU, PO), T3 = SE inoculated + PALM (150 mg/kg) and T4 = SE inoculated + Enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg). Each treatment was replicated thrice (n = 5) and the birds allotted to treatments in a completely randomized design. SE was inoculated at 5 weeks of age to T2 – T4. One hour prior to inoculation, T3 and T4 received PALM and enrofloxacin respectively which continued for another 4 days (ie 5 days in all). At the end of 3 weeks, one bird/replicate from T1 – T4 was randomly selected and 4 mL of blood aseptically drawn for haematological and biochemical analyses. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The haematological and biochemical values were not affected (p<0.05) except the monocytes where T1 and T2 were different (p>0.05) from T3 and T4 and ALP that significantly differed (p>0.05) from others. Meanwhile, PALM stabilized the parameters, particularly the liver enzymes in the event of negative effects due to SE inoculation. It can therefore be concluded that PALM can be used to stabilize haematological and biochemical values in the event of negative alteration in quantities mainly due to microbial assault in broiler chickens.