bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a tinnitus sound generator that matches the sound of tinnitus patient
Authors: Made Lely Rahayu  , Gde Ngurah Indraguna Pinatih  , Eka Putra Setiawan  , I Wayan Lolik Lesmana  , Ketut Tadeus Max Nurcahya Pinatih  , I Made Nudi Arthana  , I Gusti Ayu Putu Wahyu Widiantari  
Published: December 2022

Background: Tinnitus is the perception of sound heard by a person in the absence of an external stimulus. About 10-14.5% of the world's population experience tinnitus, with the most common age group being 40-60 years. As many as 10-12 million people in the United States suffer from severe tinnitus and feel disturbed enough to seek treatment. The management of tinnitus is still a challenge for researchers. Existing therapies include counseling, cognitive therapy, hearing aids, and tinnitus retraining, but until now, there has been no significant therapy. The last therapy that is available is to make artificial sounds that imitate the sound of tinnitus so that it can mask the actual tinnitus sound. In addition, therapy using music is expected to reduce the stress level of tinnitus patients.
Methods: This research is action research, a follow-up study from previous research, with consecutive sampling and in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After getting the frequency and amplitude of tinnitus, a sound stimulus is made in the form of combining tone variations and sound generators obtained from audiometric masking. Tone variations are made using a basic tone that matches the patient's tinnitus frequency. After that, the patient will assess the results of the merger.
Results: The results showed the frequency and amplitude of tinnitus, suitability with masking, type of tinnitus, degree of deafness, and all participants were comfortable when listening to sound therapy from a sound generator.
Discussion: The patient will use a tinnitus sound generator for 2 hours for 2 days, so the amplitude is safely limited to less than 91 dB. In this study, we set the tinnitus sound as closely as possible with the frequency, amplitude, tinnitus pulsating or not, appropriate music and paying attention to the hearing threshold.
A rare case of isolated post-traumatic subscapularis abscess in a paediatric patient
Authors: Faris Indra Prahasta Bin Didi Indra  , Syed Ibrahim bin Wan Mohamad Akbar  , Mohd Anuar Ramdhan Bin Ibrahim  , Ong Lik Han  
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Subscapular abscess is an extremely rare condition. To our knowledge there were nine reports on subscapular abscess in the literature, four of them happened paediatric patients. The signs and symptoms could be very subtle making the diagnosis is difficult and often delayed.
Case description: We share a rare case of isolated subscapularis abscess with no glenohumeral involvement of a healthy 9-year-old boy following blunt trauma to the shoulder treated with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage with good outcome.
Conclusion: Subscapular abscess should be suspected in a child present with fever and shoulder pain. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best modality for diagnosis as plain radiograph would not give any diagnostic help. Surgical drainage combined with antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment. However, percutaneous drainage is one of treatment options especially in paediatric patient as demonstrated in our report.
The sensitivity pattern of ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin in chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Suryani Lilis , Widuri Asti , Kurniawan Muhammad , Nurpagino Bombong 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: In both poor and developed countries, chronic suppurative otitis media affects 1-46 percent of the population. The incidence of chronic suppurative otitis media is much higher in Indonesia due to various of factors, including poor sanitation, low socio-economic and nutritional status, and high population density. To reduce the occurrence of chronic suppurative otitis media, an adequate treatment is required.
Purpose: the study was to identify the bacteria that cause chronic suppurative otitis media and ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin antibiotic sensitivity pattern in Asri Medical Centre and PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping hospital, Yogyakarta.
Patients and methods: This is a prospective descriptive study with 27 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media whom met the inclusion criteria. Bacteria were isolated from ear secretions and cultured on TSA and McConkey agar medium. The antibiotics ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin were tested for susceptibility, and Gram staining, catalase test, and biochemical test were used to identify bacteria.
Results: 63 bacteria were isolated from 27 chronic suppurative otitis media patients, among of them positive-gram bacteria (52%) and negative-gram bacteria (48%). The sensitivity of positive-gram bacteria and negative-gram bacteria causing chronic suppurative otitis media to ciprofloxacin was 84% and 79%, respectively. The resistance of positive-gram bacteria and negative-gram bacteria to amoxicillin by 100%.
Conclusion: Staphylococcus sp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most caused chronic suppurative otitis media at the Asri Medical Centre and PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping hospital in Yogyakarta. The antibiotic ciprofloxacin is the most effective treatment for bacteria that cause chronic suppurative otitis media.
Severe diabetic ketoacidosis with cerebral edema and acute kidney failure: a case report
Authors: Hsieh Peter Prayogo , Wijaya Teo , Melinda Fitriana , Suryawan I Wayan Bikin 
Published: December 2022

Background: In 2018, the Indonesian Pediatric Society stated that there were 1,220 children suffering from Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. This might be an iceberg phenomenon due to a large number of children and adolescents in Indonesia. Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus acute complications that could be fatal. The problem is that our society isn't familiar with this condition, and it leads to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
Case: A 16 – year – old girl was hospitalized due to right lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, and fever for 3 days. The next morning, she became unconscious with a Glasgow Coma Scale of E1V1M6. Her blood tests showed blood glucose levels of 551 mg/dL, C – Peptide of 0,65 ng/mL, pH of 6,81, and cHCO3 of 3 mmol/L. Her urine tests showed ketonuria of +4. She was diagnosed with Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Cerebral Edema. She received 8 litre/minute of O2 NRM, 10 ml/kg of 0,9% NaCl in 1 hour continued with 1,5 times maintenance need + 5 mmol/kg/day of KCl, 0,1 IU/kg/hour of insulin, and 1 g/kg of mannitol. Renal function monitoring showed daily increases in serum creatinine to 9,2 mg/dL on the day – 7. This pre-renal acute kidney injury was thought to be due to dehydration. She was then referred to a higher-level hospital for hemodialysis.
Conclusions: Diabetic Ketoacidosis in children shows a wide range of clinical manifestations. Therefore, awareness of this condition is of utmost importance in reducing patients' morbidity and mortality.
The role of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) and Transforming Growth-Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-?1) levels in Packed Red Cells (PRC) as the indicator of storage lesion at Sanglah Hospital-Blood Bank, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi , Mulyantari Ni Kadek , Prabawa I Putu Yuda 
Published: December 2022

Background: Packed Red Cells (PRC) is one of the blood component obtained from the whole blood through the removal of blood plasma. The storage of PRC aims to maintain the viability and function of erythrocytes by reducing cell metabolic activity. However, PRC's biochemistry changes could occur through storage lesion by releasing Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-?1) that affect the erythrocytes metabolism and viability prior to transfusion. This study aims to evaluate the increase of SDF-1 and TGF-?1 levels in PRC as the indicator of storage lesion at Sanglah Hospital-Blood Bank, Bali, Indonesia.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study using randomized post-test only without control group design was conducted at Sanglah Hospital-Blood Bank, Bali. The consecutive random sampling technique was used in this study to the PRC, who met the inclusion criteria. Samples of the SDF-1 group (N=84) were divided into 3 such as Group 1 (1-7 days), Group 2 (8-14 days), and Group 3 (15-21 days). However, 53 PRC was divided into 2 groups as Group 1 (1-7 days) and Group 2 (8-14 days). The SDF-1 and TGF-?1 levels were evaluated for each group using Human SDF-1/CXCL12 and TGF-?1 Kit from Elabcience® by ELISA method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Windows software.Results: The median levels of SDF-1 in Group 1 group was 0.385 (0.050-1.020) ng/mL, followed by 0.455 (0.330-0.750) ng/ml in Group 2, and 0.490 (0.380-0.920) ng/ml in Group 3 (p<0.05). The mean of TGF-?1 levels was slightly higher in Group 1 (2,365.21±715.96 pg/ml) compared with Group 2 (2,210.39±994.68 pg/ml) (p=0.523). There was a significant difference in SDF-1 levels in Group 1-Group 2 (P=0.041) and Group 1-Group 3 (P=0.000) groups; however, no significant difference was found in Group 2-Group 3 (P=0.133) using the Mann-Whitney test. The Spearman's rho test found a moderate positive correlation between SDF-1 levels and storage time by day (r=0.546; P=0.000). In addition, based on the Pearson correlation test, there was a weak positive correlation between TGF-?1 levels and storage time by day (r=0.461; p=0.001).Conclusion: The increase of SDF-1 and TGF-?1 levels in PRC by days of storage time could be used as the indicator for storage lesion at Sanglah General Hospital-Blood Bank, Bali, Indonesia.
Characteristics of follicular adenoma patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, during the 2017-2020 period
Authors: Laksmi Lidya Imelda , Betty Betty , Hilda Sylvia 
Published: December 2022

Background: Follicular adenoma is a benign tumor enclosed by a capsule with follicular differentiation, more common in women and usually occurs in adulthood, and is more common in iodine deficiency. The average tumor size is 1-3 cm. Follicular neoplasms do not have features of papillary thyroid carcinoma and no capsule and/or vascular invasion were found. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of follicular adenoma patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, during the 2017-2020 periodMethods: This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach on 31 samples based on medical record data diagnosed as follicular adenoma. After reviewing the slides, 23 samples were obtained that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were assessed according to age, sex, tumor size, number of nodules, growth patterns, and histopathological variants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 for Windows.Results: Cases of follicular adenoma at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan during 2017-2020 with an average age of 46.7 years. The youngest age was 20 years and the oldest age was 71 years, with the highest age group being 50-59 years (26.1%). Most gender was female (87.0%) than male (13.0%). The most common tumor size was above 4 cm (69.6%). The highest number of nodules was found in 1 nodule (solitary or unilateral) (52.2%). The most common growth pattern in microscopic preparations was macrofollicular adenoma (65.2%), with the most histopathological variant being conventional follicular (91.3%).Conclusion: Benign lesions such as adenomas are often misdiagnosed due to the lack of further studies on the histopathological criteria. Follicular adenomas can be treated with lobectomy and have a good prognosis if diagnosed early and with proper treatment.
Overexpression of Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR-1) in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Lucky Frannata  , Ery Kus Dwianingsih  , Raden Danarto  , Indrawarman  
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) expression has appeared to impact prostate cancer advancement significantly. This study aims to compare the expression of ESR-1 in BPH and prostate cancer.
Methods: The samples were collected from a single-center hospital from 2014 to 2020. We exclude samples in which RNA concentration is under the minimum standard allowance to proceed. Deparaffinize formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and RNAs extraction by manufacturer’s protocol with slight modification was performed. The RNA expression was investigated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We categorized into Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH), Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer (Non-MPCa) and Metastatic Prostate Cancer (MPCa) groups. The One Way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.
Result: The 40 samples included 15 BPH, 6 non-metastatic prostate cancer, 19 metastatic prostate cancer. Expression of ESR1 in BPH (6.9 ± 3.8) compared to expression of ESR1 in MPCa (12.7 ± 9.5), and Non-MPCa (2.6 ± 1.0) shows a significant difference. Expression of ESR1 in Non-MPCa compared to MPCa also indicates a significant difference in which expression MPCa shows an increased level of ESR1 expression.
Conclusion: This study shows that ESR 1 has significant expression differences in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer, and Metastatic Prostate Cancer. The highest ESR1 expression is found in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. In conclusion, higher ESR1 expression is related to metastatic prostate cancer.
The relationship between follistatin and sarcopenia in elderly
Authors: Aryana I Gusti Putu Suka , Ida Bagus Putu Putrawan  , Ni Ketut Rai Purnami  , RA Tuty Kuswardhani  , I Nyoman Astika  
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition characterized by progressive and comprehensive mass loss accompanied by skeletal muscle strength or function. It can be triggered by physical inactivity, hormonal changes, energy, protein intake, oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. The state of inactivity underlying sarcopenia is related to follistatin levels.
Methods: an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in Posyandu or Elderly Associations in Denpasar City with subjects aged ≥60 years old started from January 2021 to September 2021. The data collected were anthropometric measurements, muscle mass, grip strength, walking speed and serum follistatin levels. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the AWGS criteria. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney analysis to determine the difference in the mean of the independent variables and the Spearman's test to determine the relationship between sarcopenia and follistatin levels.
Results: 75 subjects were selected, and 15 (20%) subjects were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The results of the Spearman correlation test of upper arm circumference, waist circumference, calf circumference, SMI, walking speed, hand grip strength and follistatin levels only found a significant negative relationship between waist circumference and follistatin levels r= -0,309, p= 0,016. No differences in mean follistatin levels with sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia group p= 0,516. There was no significant relationship between follistatin levels and sarcopenia p= 0,615.
Conclusion: There is no correlation between follistatin levels and sarcopenia in the elderly. However, follistatin is inversely correlated with waist circumference.
Analysis of liquid waste in weaving home industry at Nusa Penida, Klungkung, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Sundari Cokorda Dewi Widhya Hana , Arjani Ida Ayu Made Sri , Krisna Luh Ade Wilan 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The existence of regulations using clothing made from traditional Balinese fabrics cloth called “endek” has caused the demand for woven fabrics to increase. One of the traditional woven fabric handicrafts starting to be recognized and favored by the public is the Cepuk and Rangrang woven fabric from island of Nusa Penida. Currently, liquid waste from weaving home industry activities has not been processed. The purpose of the study was to measure the quality of liquid waste from the weaving home industry and compare it with the quality standards of liquid waste for businesses and or textile industry activities.
Method: This study was descriptive, conducted in Nusa Penida District, Klungkung Regency. The sample size was 25, taken by purposive sampling from nine craftsmen actively carrying out the production process with repetition three times. Measurement of liquid waste quality was carried out at the Laboratory of Panureksa Denpasar. The parameters examined are mandatory test parameters including physical parameters (temperature, TDS, TSS and color) and chemical parameters (total chromium, total ammonia, BOD5, COD, sulfide, oil and fat). Data analysis was carried out by comparing the measurement results with the Liquid Waste Quality Standards for Textile Industry Businesses and Activities according to Bali Governor Regulation 16 of 2016.
Result: The results showed an average temperature of 27.48o C, TDS levels of 6,095.20 mg/L, TSS 1,090.76 mg/L and color 2,216.56 TCU scale. The chemical parameters showed average levels of total chromium 2.3912 mg/L, total ammonia 1.6068 mg/L, BOD5 675.84 mg/L, COD 1,286.72 mg/L, Sulfide 0.2395 mg/L, oil and fat 1,340 mg/L. Based on Bali Governor Regulation No. 16 of 2016, the parameters of temperature, total ammonia, Sulfide, Oil and Fat meet the quality standard requirements. While the parameters of TDS, TSS, color, total chrome, BOD and COD do not meet the quality standard requirements because it exceed the maximum allowable levels.
Conclusion: It is recommended that weaving craftsmen carry out liquid waste treatment before disposal in the environment.
HIGH PLASMA TNF-Î± LEVELS AND MONONUCLEAR CELLS iNOS AND TNF-Î± EXPRESSION AS RISK FACTORS FOR PAINFUL DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
Authors: Eko Purwata Thomas , Suastika Ketut , Raka Sudewi A. A. , Widjaja Djoenaidi 
Published: December 2022

Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN) is one of the most common and annoyingcomplications of diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of PDN is complex and still unclear.Recently it has become clear that nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines playan important role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of pain in PDN. Based on thisphenomenon, this study was conducted to investigate whether the cytokine tumornecrosis factor-alpha (TNF-Î±) and NO, in this case inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase(iNOS), play a role in PDN pathogenesis. The study was carried in two steps. The first step was a cross sectional and the second step was a case-control study. The study was performed in 110 type-2 diabetic patients. The plasma TNF-Î± levels were determined by ELISA while the expression of TNF-Î± and iNOS in mononuclear cells were analyzed immunohistochemically. Of 110 subjects, 59 patients suffered from Painful DN (case) and the remaining 51 patients were Painless DN (control). Cross sectionally, plasma TNF-Î± levels and immunoreactivity for iNOS and TNF-Î± were higher in patients with more severe pain in the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between mild and severe pain in regard to TNF-Î± level (15.24 pg/ml Â± 5.42 vs. 20.44 pg/ml Â± 10.34 ); to iNOS immunoreactivity (9.72 % Â± 8.61 vs. 15.6% Â± 11.84); and to TNF-Î± immunoreactivity (13.0 % Â± 9. 48 vs. 20.44% Â± 11.75). The case control study showed that TNF-Î± had an odd ratio of 5.053 [CI 95% (2.241-11.392); p < 0.001]. TNF-Î± immunoreactivity of 4.125 [CI 95% (1.805-9.425); p < 0.001]; and iNOS immunoreactivity of 3.546 [CI 95% (1.613-7.795); p = 0.002].Â There were correlations between TNF-Î± level, TNF-Î± and iNOS immunoreactivity and VAS with coefficient correlation: 0.330; 0.285 and 0.275 (p < 0.05) respectively. It is concluded that Diabetic Neuropathy patients with high TNF-Î± levels, iNOS and TNF-Î± immunoreactivity of mononuclear cells have higher risk for painful DN than painless DN. The higher TNF-Î± level, iNOS and TNF-Î± immunoreactivity the more severe was the pain. This supports the hypothesis that TNF-Î± and iNOS have role in PDN pathogenesis. The results of this research could be applied as a basic for further research in pursuit of better management of PDN
THE RISK OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA ON HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16 INFECTION IN BALI
Authors: Mahendra-Dewi I G. A. S. , Suwiyoga I K. 
Published: December 2022

The high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) have already known widely and accepted as aÂ causative agent for cervical cancer. Epidemiologically, predominant high-risk is HPV-16 and squamous cellcarcinomas (SCC) is the most common histological type. HPV genotype probably correlates to histologictype. This study aims to determine how many fold is the risk of SCC on HPV-16 infection. This is a casecontrol with SCC HPV-16 positive as the cases and SCC HPV-16 negative as the controls. Tissues Â diagnosed as SCC and non SCC was paraffin-embedded. SPF-10 and specific E7-primer types by LiPA were employed for genotyping of HPV-16. ï£ï€²ï€ was applied to analyze the correlation. A number of 65 SCC consisted of 33 cases and 32 controls were observed in this study. The risk of SCC on HPV-16 infection was 3.40-fold (95% CI = 1.44-8.03; p = 0.004) compare with HPV-16 negative. Controls in this study consist of 18 (27.69%) of HPV-18, 9 (13.85%) of HPV-52, and 5 (7.69%) of other HPV types. The mean-age of case group and control group infected by HPV were 52.28 Â± 12.43 and 47.70 Â± 8.02 year, respectively (p = 0.02). HPV-16 infection caused SCC is 3.5 more than other high risk group.
PHOTOCHEMOPROTECTION OF CAULERA SPP ACTIVE COMPONENT ON RAT MODEL SKIN
Authors: Wiraguna A. A. G. P. , Pangkahila W. , Mantik-Astawa N. 
Published: December 2022

CaulerpaÂ spp. including seaweed and macro-algae can be found in a large number at Coastal Serangan, Bali-Indonesia.Â Caulerpa sppÂ was historically used for food and vegetable. However, in our today life, this plant was applied as material for skin care products, especially for UV protection. The aim of this study is to know the active component ofÂ caulerpa sppÂ extract and its inhibition of premature skin aging induced by UV-B radiation through collagen expression. This was descriptive and experimental research applying a randomized posttest only control group design. Active component contained in theÂ caulerpa sppÂ extract are carotenoid, vitamin A, C, and E, polyphenols, minerals and amino acids. Topical application ofÂ caulerpa sppÂ can suppress the UV-B radiation induced collagen damage. Increased of collagen expression in all groups ofÂ caulerpa spp.Â just as good as astaxanthin group in improving collagen expression and 0.2% ofÂ caulerpa spp.Â extract is the most effective dose in improving collagen expression.