bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletally Immature Patients With Classic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Bone Bruise Patterns Have a Higher Likelihood of Having an Intact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Compared With Skeletally Mature Patients
Authors: Baessler Aaron M. , Buchman Jessica M. , Witte Dexter A. , Spence David D. , Throckmorton Thomas W. , Brolin Tyler J. , Azar Frederick M. , Bernholt David L. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in skeletally immature patients with an ACL bone contusion pattern has been sparsely investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether physeal status has an influence on the likelihood of sustaining an ACL tear when classic bipolar ACL bone bruising pattern is present.

Methods:
Magnetic resonance imaging reports were queried for “contusion” on all patients between 6 and 22 years between 2015 and 2019. Images were reviewed to denote all intra-articular pathology and the physeal status of the femur and tibia. The primary outcome was the incidence of ACL tears in patients with the presence of bipolar bone contusions. Fischer exact testing was used to determine associations.

Results:
Of 499 patients included, 269 of those had bipolar bone contusions. Patients with bipolar bone contusions and ACL tears had a shorter duration between injury and imaging date compared with patients with ACL tears without bipolar bone contusions (6.9 vs. 38.6 d, P=0.05). Patients with an open femoral physis had a higher likelihood of having an intact ACL despite the presence of bipolar bone contusions than patients with a closed femoral physis (10.8% vs. 1.0%, P<0.001). Of patients with bipolar bone contusions, those with an intact ACL were younger than patients with an ACL tear (14.6 vs. 16.4, P=0.017).

Conclusions:
Although bipolar bone contusions of the central lateral femoral condyle and posterior lateral tibial plateau are typically found after ACL injury, these bipolar contusions can be found concomitantly with an intact ACL and were more often found in relatively younger patients. Patients who have an open femoral physis have a higher likelihood to have an intact ACL despite the presence of bipolar bone contusions compared with patients who have a closed femoral physis.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—cross-sectional.
Effects of Glucose Fluctuations on Electrocardiogram Readings and the Development of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Wu Li-Da , Li Feng , Wang Chao , Dang Shi-Peng , Xiao Feng , Zhang Zhen-Ye , Zhang Jie , Zhang Yu-Min , Lu Cun-Yu , Liu Ying , Zhong Guo-Qiang , Qian Ling-Ling , Wang Ru-Xing 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
Many studies have shown that blood glucose fluctuations (GFs) are more harmful to patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) than sustained hyperglycemia. However, the effect of GF on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters and vulnerability to ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to assess the effect of GF on ECG parameters and induction of VT/VF in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats.

Methods:
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with STZ and randomly divided into 3 treatment groups: controlled STZ-induced diabetic rats (C-STZ) (n = 10); uncontrolled STZ-induced diabetic rats (U-STZ) (n = 10); and STZ-induced diabetic rats with glucose fluctuations (GF-STZ) (n = 10). After 12 weeks, baseline ECG recordings were taken and a VT/VF test was performed with the administration of caffeine and dobutamine. Hematoxylin & eosin and masson staining were used to evaluate pathological cardiac changes after intervention.

Results:
No significant difference in heart rate, RR interval, P wave (duration and height), PR segment, PR interval, QRS wave duration, and T wave height was observed among the 3 groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the C-STZ group, the U-STZ and GF-STZ groups both had a longer T wave duration ((62.41 ± 2.38) ms vs. (78.37 ± 4.64) ms and (96.06 ± 4.60) ms, P < 0.05), QT interval ((83.66 ± 2.31) ms vs. (101.75 ± 4.56) ms and (119.14 ± 4.88) ms, P < 0.05), and QTc interval ((77.45 ± 1.36) ms vs. (91.36 ± 3.49) ms and (104.55 ± 3.01) ms, P < 0.05), all of which were longest in the GF-STZ group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the GF-STZ group had the highest VT/VF occurrence and duration and the highest arrhythmia score.

Conclusion:
This study revealed GF can significantly prolong the QT interval, QTc interval, and T wave duration, as well as increase vulnerability to VT/VF in rats, which may be an important electrophysiological mechanism of GF-related ventricular arrhythmia.
A Pilot Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of a Novel Device in Subjects With Axillary Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Kaufman Joely , Green Jeremy B. , Cazzaniga Alex , Canty David J. , Tims Erin , Waugh Jacob 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
One-third of U.S. adults are bothered by excessive sweating and 5% suffer from hyperhidrosis, both of which negatively affect quality-of-life (QoL). A single-use disposable patch using the novel targeted alkali thermolysis (TAT) technology is being developed to address this condition.

OBJECTIVE
Assess the efficacy and safety of the TAT patch for the treatment of excessive sweating using a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study design.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Adults with Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) scores of 3 or 4 (n = 16) were treated with an active or sham patch for up to 3 minutes (as established in a previous unpublished feasibility study) and evaluated weekly for 6 weeks post-treatment. The primary effectiveness measure was improved HDSS at Week-4.

RESULTS
The study met its objective. For the primary efficacy measure, 83% of TAT-treated subjects reported HDSS scores of 1 or 2 at Week-4 versus 0% of sham-treated subjects (p = .0032). Furthermore, 67% of TAT-treated subjects had a 2-point improvement in HDSS scores versus 0% of sham-treated subjects (p = .0123). Quality-of-life improvement correlated with HDSS. The TAT patch seemed to be well-tolerated; one transient moderate adverse event that resolved without sequelae was reported.

CONCLUSION
The TAT patch successfully demonstrated efficacy and was well-tolerated.
Techniques and Innovations in Flap Engineering: A Review
Authors: Kouniavski Elizaveta , Egozi Dana , Wolf Yoram 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Currently, the gold standard for complex defect reconstruction is autologous tissue flaps, with vascularized composite allografts as its highest level. Good clinical results are obtained despite considerable obstacles, such as limited donor sites, donor site morbidity, and complex operations. Researchers in the field of tissue engineering are trying to generate novel tissue flaps requiring small or no donor site sacrifice. At the base of existing technologies is the tissue’s potential for regeneration and neovascularization.

Methods:
A review was conducted identifying relevant published articles in PubMed on the subject of flap engineering, with the focus on plastic surgery. This review article surveys contemporary technologies in flap engineering, including cell sheet technology, prefabricated flaps, and tissue engineering chambers.

Conclusions:
Some of the described procedures, though not yet ready for clinical use, are certainly ready for trial in large animal models and even human studies. Tissue engineering is a promising field for the handling of large and complex tissue defects.
End-diastolic velocity mediates the relationship between renal resistive index and the risk of death
Authors: Halimi Jean-Michel , Vernier Louis-Marie , Gueguen Juliette , Goin Nicolas , Gatault Philippe , Sautenet Bénédicte , Barbet Christelle , Longuet Hélène , Roumy Jérôme , Buchler Matthias , Blacher Jacques , de Freminville Jean-Baptiste 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
Renal resistive index predicts the risk of death in many populations but the mechanism linking renal resistive index and death remains elusive. Renal resistive index is derived from end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and peak systolic velocity (PSV). However, the predictive value of EDV or PSV considered alone is unknown.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2362 consecutive patients who received a kidney transplant from 1985 to 2017. EDV and PSV were measured at 3 months after transplantation, renal resistive index was calculated, and the risk of death was assessed [median follow-up: 6.25 years (0.25–29.15); total observation period: 13 201 patient-years].

Results:
Doppler indices were available in 1721 of 2362 (78.9%) patients (exclusions: 113 who died or returned to dialysis before, 427 with no Doppler studies, 27 with renal artery stenosis, 74 missing values). Among them, 279 (16.4%) had diabetes before transplantation. Mean age was 51.5 ± 14.7, 1097 (63.7%) were male. During follow-up, 217 of 1721 (12.6%) patients died. Renal resistive index and EDV shared many determinants (notably systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure, recipient age and diabetes) unlike renal resistive index and PSV. EDV used as a binary [lowest tertile vs. higher values: (hazard ratio: 2.57 (1.96–3.36), P < 0.001)] and as a continuous (the lower EDV, the greater the risk of death) variable was significantly associated with the risk of death. This finding was confirmed in multivariable analyses. Prediction of similar magnitude was found for renal resistive index. No association was found between PSV used as a binary or a continuous variable and the risk of death.

Conclusion:
Low EDV explains high renal resistive index, and the mechanism-linking renal resistive index to the risk of death is through low EDV.
Impact of local anesthesia block on pain medication use and length of hospital stay in elderly indigenous patients in Alaska hospitalized for fragility fracture
Authors: Young Aimee , Robinson Renee , Nguyen Elaine , Stewart Eric , Lin Ai-Ling , Locke Michelle , Hurrell Rowan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Fragility fractures (low-energy, minimal-trauma fractures) are common in the aging population and can lead to decreased function, increased mortality, and long-lasting pain. Although opioids are helpful in reducing acute postoperative pain, they present risks that may lead to increased morbidity and mortality.

Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of medical records of all Alaska Native and American Indian people older than 50 years, who received surgery for hip fracture repair between January 2018 and June 2019 (n = 128).

Results: We found that receipt of a peripheral nerve block (PNB) is a predictor for decreased length of hospital stay. However, receipt of PNB did not predict a reduction in postoperative morphine milligram equivalents opioid doses.

Discussion: Further study is required to determine whether one PNB method is superior to others based on individual-level characteristics.
Lower respiratory tract microbiome composition and community interactions in smokers
Authors: Campos Michael , Cickovski Trevor , Fernandez Mitch , Jaric Melita , Wanner Adam , Holt Gregory , Donna Elio , Mendes Eliana , Silva-Herzog Eugenia , Schneper Lisa , Segal Jonathan , Amador David Moraga , Riveros Juan Daniel , Aguiar-Pulido Vanessa , Banerjee Santanu , Salathe Matthias , Mathee Kalai , Narasimhan Giri 
Published: September 2022

The lung microbiome impacts lung function, making any smoking-induced changes in the lung microbiome potentially significant. The complex co-occurrence and co-avoidance patterns between the bacterial taxa in the LRT microbiome were explored for a cohort of active (AS), former (FS), and never (NS) smokers. Bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were collected from 55 volunteer subjects (nine NS, 24 FS, and 22 AS). The LRT microbiome composition was assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Identification of differentially abundant taxa, co-occurrence patterns, discriminant analysis, and biomarker inferences were performed. The data show that smoking results in a loss in the diversity of the lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiome, change in the co-occurrence patterns, and a weakening of the tight community structure present in healthy microbiomes. The increased abundance of Ralstonia taxa in the lung microbiomes of both former and active smokers is significant.

Partial least square discriminant and DESeq2 analyses suggested a compositional difference between the cohorts in the LRT microbiome. The groups were sufficiently distinct from each other, suggesting that cessation of smoking may not be sufficient for the lung microbiota to return to a composition similar to that of never smokers. The LEfSe analyses identified several bacterial taxa as potential biomarkers of smoking status. Network-based clustering analysis highlighted different co-occurring and co-avoiding microbial taxa in the three groups. The analysis found a cluster of bacterial taxa that co-occur in smokers and non-smokers alike. The clusters exhibited tighter and more significant associations in NS compared to FS and AS. Higher degree of rivalry between clusters was observed in the AS.
Local Control Comparison of Early-Stage Epidermal Skin Cancers Treated With and Without Dermal Image Guidance: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yu Lio , Moloney Mairead , Tran Alison , Zheng Songzhu , Rogers James 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundVarious treatments exist for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), but the mainstay is surgical removal. Superficial radiotherapy (SRT) is one non-surgical technique that has been used for over a century but fell out of favor due to the advent of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). A new technology that combines a 22 megahertz (MHz) dermal ultrasound with SRT (US-SRT) enables tumor visualization before, during, and after treatment, and demonstrates increased cure rates and reduced recurrences.MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis comparing the local control (LC) of four studies using traditional non-image-guided forms of radiotherapy for NMSC treatment to two seminal studies utilizing high-resolution dermal ultrasound-guided SRT (HRUS-SRT). The four traditional radiotherapy studies were obtained from a comprehensive literature search used in an article published by the American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) on curative radiation treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and squamous cell carcinoma in-situ (SCCIS) lesions. The meta-analysis employed a logit as the effect size indicator with Q-statistic to test the null hypothesis.ResultsLC rates for the 2 US-SRT studies were statistically superior to the 4 traditional therapies individually and collectively. When stratified by histology, statistically superior outcomes for US-SRT were observed in all subtypes with p-values ranging from p < 0.0001 to p = 0.0438. These results validated an earlier analysis using a logistic regression statistical method showing the same results.ConclusionUS-SRT is statistically superior to non-image-guided radiotherapies for NMSC treatment. This modality may represent the future standard of non-surgical treatment for early-stage NMSC.
Regionally enriched rare deleterious exonic variants in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Halachev Mihail , Gountouna Elvina , Meynert Alison ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Tzoneva Gannie , Shuldiner Alan R. , Semple Colin A. , Wilson James F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGeographic clustering of haplotypes appears to have emerged in the UK as a result of differing patterns of immigration and drift in regions that have been relatively isolated from each other. However, until recently it has been unclear how such patterns of regional genetic differentiation might impact the protein-coding fraction of the genome. Here, we exploit UK Biobank (UKB) and Viking Genes whole exome sequencing data to study regional genetic differentiation across the UK and Ireland in protein coding genes, encompassing 20 regions of origin and 44,696 unrelated individuals. We rediscover the strong influence of genetic drift in shaping variation in the Northern Isles of Scotland and among those with full or partial Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) ancestry. For full AJ, almost half the known rare exonic variants (45%) are at least two-fold more or less frequent than in a Europe-wide reference sample, while the degree of variant frequency differences in Shetland and Orkney are comparable to part AJ (19%, 17%, 16%, respectively). We also demonstrate substantial genetic differentiation among several mainland regions of origin, particularly north and south Wales, SE Scotland and Ireland. With stringent filtering criteria we found 67 variants likely to have adverse biomedical consequences, enriched by at least five-fold in frequency in one or more British or Irish regions relative to a European reference group, and we calculate that this may lead to tens or hundreds of affected individuals. We conclude that regional genetic variation across the UK and Ireland should be considered in the design of genetic studies, and may inform effective genetic screening and counselling.
The genetic architecture ofArabidopsis thalianain response to native non-pathogenic leaf bacterial species revealed by GWA mapping in field conditions
Authors: Ramírez-Sánchez Daniela , Duflos Rémi , Gibelin-Viala Chrystel , Zamar Rémy , Vailleau Fabienne , Roux Fabrice 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTNon-pathogenic bacteria can largely contribute to plant health by mobilizing and supplying nutrients and by providing protection against pathogens and resistance to abiotic stresses. Yet, the number of GWAS reporting the genetic architecture of the response to individual members of the beneficial microbiota remains limited. In this study, we established a GWAS under field conditions to estimate the level of genetic variation and the underlying genetic architecture, among 162 accessions ofArabidopsis thalianaoriginating from 54 natural populations located south-west of France, in response to 13 strains of seven of the most abundant and prevalent non-pathogenic bacterial species isolated from the leaf compartment ofA. thalianain the same geographical region. Using a high-throughput phenotyping methodology to score vegetative growth-related traits, extensive genetic variation was detected within our local set ofA. thalianaaccessions in response to these leaf bacteria, both at the species and strain levels. The presence of crossing reaction norms among strains indicates that declaring a strain as a plant-growth promoting bacterium is highly dependent on the host genotype tested. In line with the strong genotype-by-genotype interactions, we detected a complex and highly flexible genetic architecture between the 13 strains. Finally, the candidate genes underlying the QTLs revealed a significant enrichment in several biological pathways, including cell, secondary metabolism, signalling and transport. Altogether, plant innate immunity appears as a significant source of natural genetic variation in plant-microbiota interactions and opens new avenues for better understanding the ecologically relevant molecular dialog during plant-microbiota interactions.
A quantitative universal NGS-based ctDNA assay for hepatoblastoma
Authors: Kahana-Edwin Smadar , Torpy James , Cain Lucy E. , Mullins Anna , McCowage Geoffrey , Woodfield Sarah E. , Vasudevan Sanjeev A. , Shea Dan P.T. , Minoche Andre E , Kummerfeld Sarah , Goldstein Leonard D. , Karpelowsky Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDriver mutations inCTNNB1are a hallmark of hepatoblastoma and offer a common biomarker for a liquid biopsy approach based on the presence ofCTNNB1circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). We developed and investigated the utility of a quantitative universal next-generation sequencing (NGS) ctDNA assay for hepatoblastoma (QUENCH) to detectCTNNB1ctDNA and assessed the links between ctDNA and current clinical indicators/biomarkers in hepatoblastoma. Applied to patients with hepatoblastoma, we demonstrate quantitation of various variants including single base substitutions and deletions down to 0.3% variant allele frequency, with 65% sensitivity and 100% specificity at the patient level, to allow biopsy-free tumor genotyping and sensitive ctDNA quantitation. CtDNA positivity correlates with tumor burden and ctDNA levels correlate with macroscopic residual disease and treatment response, thus providing promising evidence for the utility of quantitative ctDNA detection in hepatoblastoma.
Clinical Performance and Trends During the First Two Months of Monkeypox Virus PCR Testing at Two United States Reference Labs
Authors: Lieberman Nicole A. P. , Mathias Patrick C. , Bradley Benjamin T. , Greninger Alexander L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecently, a sustained human-to-human outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which includes the etiologic agent of smallpox, has been documented in multiple non-endemic countries including the United States. Prior to June 2022, US testing was limited to public health labs and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Following recognition of the scope of the outbreak, testing for MPXV has expanded into clinical laboratories. Here, we examine epidemiological characteristics, specimen collection practices, and cycle threshold (Ct) values for MPXV PCR tests performed at two reference laboratories.Results from both laboratories support public health data showing a high positivity rate in men (>30%) and those ages 30-49 (25-35%). The overall positivity rate decreased during the study period but remains elevated (∼20%). There was a significant difference in Ct values between laboratories (ARUP 23.86 vs. UW 25.40) and collection method (22.79 for dry swab vs. 24.44 for VTM). These viral load differences likely reflect slight differences in specimen processing. When multiple specimens were collected for a single individual, the overall result concordance rate was greater than 95%, with less than 1.5% of individuals having three or more tests receive a single positive result. As compared to the overall positive cohort, individuals three or more swabs and a single positive result had significantly higher Ct values (22.9 vs 35.0). These results provide an early snapshot of testing in the US during the monkeypox virus outbreak and support restricting the number of swabs collected per individual.