bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological study of the oral denticles of the porbeagle shark Lamna nasus
Authors: Poscai Aline N. , da Silva João Paulo C. B. , Casas André Luis S. , Lenktaitis Phillip , Gadig Otto B. F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOral denticles of sharks are composed by a crown, dentine covered by a layer of enameloid and pulp cavity, the same structure of the dermal denticles found across the body surface of most elasmobranchs. In addition, oral papillae and taste buds are distributed among denticles within the oropharyngeal cavity, playing a fundamental role for tasting as part of the chemosensory system of fishes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been employed as an important tool for the study of dermal denticles and other structures, as well as histology and more recently computed tomography (CT) scan analysis. Herein, the authors used two methods for the study of the morphology of the oropharyngeal cavity of Lamna nasus (Lamniformes), an oceanic and pelagic shark: SEM and CT scan. The general morphology of oral denticles studied herein is related to abrasion strength as they are diamond‐shaped, lack lateral cusps and have less pronounced ridges. In addition, smooth ridges and broad rounded denticles could be related to prevent abrasion during food consumption and manipulation. Oral papillae had a round shape and were observed only under SEM. The densities of papillae were estimated in 100 per cm2, whereas denticles were 1760 and 1230 cm2 over the dorsal and ventral regions, respectively. The high numbers of denticles are inversely proportional to papillae density; denticles seem to restrict papillae distribution. Regarding the differences between methodologies, under SEM, only the crown was visualized, as well the papillae, allowing the estimation of size and density of both structures. Nonetheless, under CT scan, the whole components of denticles were clearly visualized: different views of the crown, peduncle, basal plate, and pulp cavity. On the contrary, oral papillae were not visualized under CT due to the tissue preparation. Furthermore, both methods are complementary and were important to extract as much information as possible from denticles and papillae.
Complementary and integrative remedies in the treatment of chronic pruritus: A review of clinical trials
Authors: Parvizi Mohammad Mahdi , Salami Mohammad Hossein , Moini Jazani Arezoo , Javaheri Rojan , Jaladat Amir Mohammad , Handjani Farhad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic pruritus is one of the most common conditions in dermatology and a common manifestation in many systemic diseases. Since the etiology of chronic pruritus remains somewhat unknown, hence, conventional medications may not always show a good therapeutic response. This finding has led both investigators and patients to use herbal and complementary remedies for its treatment. The aim of this study was to review clinical trials in which herbal and complementary medicine was used in the control and treatment of chronic pruritus.Materials and methodsIn this study, we reviewed related articles in this domain, from 2000 to 2020. The search involved electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and SID databases using the keywords “pruritus,” “itch,” “herb,” “complementary medicine,” “traditional medicine,” “integrative medicine,” and their related MeSH terms. Finally, we extracted the pertinent information from these articles and summarized the results.ResultsThe findings of this study showed that 17 clinical trials have been conducted till date in order to evaluate the efficacy of herbal remedies and complementary medicines in the treatment of chronic pruritus. Herbal remedies including turmeric, Fumaria parviflora, Avena sativa, capsaicin, sweet almond oil, peppermint oil, violet oil, vinegar, as well as manual therapies including aromatherapy, auricular acupressure, and acupuncture, were significantly effective in the treatment of chronic pruritus.ConclusionThere are only a few studies published on the therapeutic efficacy of herbal remedies and complementary medicine in the treatment of chronic pruritus. Some have shown promising results. Therefore, more evidence‐based studies are needed in order to determine if herbal remedies and complementary medicine could be an effective alternative or adjuvant treatment modality in chronic pruritus.
Gel properties of blue round scad (Decapterus maruadsi) mince as influenced by the addition of egg white powder
Authors: Wu Qi , Wang Wei , Li Xue‐peng , Yi Shu‐min , Mi Hong‐bo , Xu Yong‐xia , Li Jian‐rong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of egg white powder (EWP) to enhance the physicochemical properties, molecular structure, and thermal stability of Decapterus maruadsi mince gels was investigated. The thermal stability was analyzed by adding spray‐dried EWP (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1%) to the mince, and mince gels were prepared to study the changes in their fracture constant, water distribution, microstructure, and protein conformation of mince gels. In addition, the stress–strain curve of the EWP‐mince gel was measured to obtain its compressive modulus (E). The formation of the mince gel was promoted by EWP, and the whiteness, fracture constant, water‐holding capacity (WHC), and immobilized water were all enhanced. At 0.8% addition of EWP, the fracture constant increased from 176.715 ± 2.463 N/m to 348.631 ± 3.144 N/m (p < .05), which was a nearly twofold improvement. Additionally, the WHC increased from 75.21% to 79.99%, and the percentage of immobilized water increased from 94.03% to 94.91%. The EWP‐mince gel network structure was the most uniform and dense, and there were increases in hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, β‐sheets, and β‐turns in mince gels, as well as the storage modulus (G′) and enthalpy (ΔH). In contrast to the control group, the relative content of α‐helixes decreased from 53.34% to 37.09% and transformed into other secondary structures, and the bulk water and cooking loss also decreased to 2.41% and 8.51%, respectively. Consequently, EWP effectively improved the quality of mince products, and the effect was most apparent when 0.8% was added.
The narrative language of youth offenders with callous and unemotional traits: A corpus analysis
Authors: Bowman Luana , Anderson Stavroola A. S. , Snow Pamela C. , Hawes David J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the specific language features that youth offenders express during autobiographical narratives, and tested whether offenders with high levels of callous and unemotional (CU) traits exhibit those language features known to be associated with psychopathic traits in adult offenders. These include increased instrumental and self‐oriented language, and decreased cohesiveness and fluency. A further aim was to test whether language‐related correlates of CU traits are consistent among offenders and non‐offenders.MethodsParticipants were 130 males participants aged 13‐to‐20 years, comprising offender and non‐offender samples. Data collection involved an interview‐based autobiographical narrative task, and self‐reports on the Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits. Using a corpus comparison method, narrative transcripts were coded with linguistic analysis software (Wmatrix) and compared for youth with high versus low levels of CU traits in both samples.ResultsCompared to youth offenders with low levels of CU traits, high‐CU offenders used more physiological need language (e.g. references to food, money), and used fewer cohesive conjunctions (e.g. ‘because’, ‘and’), indicating increased instrumental language, and decreased cohesiveness. Low‐CU offenders also used more discourse marker disfluencies than high‐CU offenders. No differences were found for social need language or other disfluencies, and no associations between CU traits and language were found among non‐offenders.ConclusionsYouth offenders with high levels of CU traits exhibit unique language features when expressing autobiographical narratives. Findings point to potential developmental differences in how these features present in adolescence versus adulthood. Furthermore, these features may be somewhat specific to youth whose CU traits co‐occur with delinquency.
Family history of cancer is associated with poorer prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xiao Ranran , Wu Jinghan , Ward Brent B. , Liu Huan , Li Bo , Wang Chong , Xu Qiaoshi , Han Zhengxue , Feng Zhien 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the family history of cancer (FHC) in predicting survival and clinicopathological features in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients.Materials and MethodsThis single‐institution study utilized data from 610 patients undergoing surgery from 2014 to 2020 that was prospectively collected and cataloged for research purposes. All patients underwent standard surgery with/without radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. We statistically evaluated whether FHC was associated with changes in disease‐free survival (DFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsAmong 610 patients, 141 (23.1%) reported a family history of cancer. The distribution of clinicopathological characteristics was balanced between FHC‐positive and FHC‐negative OSCC patients. FHC‐positive patients had decreased DFS (p = 0.005) and DSS (p = 0.018) compared to FHC‐negative patients.ConclusionsFHC‐positive OSCC patients have a poorer prognosis. FHC positivity is an independent predictor of negative outcomes based on DFS and DSS. FHC should be a consideration in screening, evaluating, counseling, and treating OSCC patients.
Corneal oedema during open‐eye fenestrated scleral lens wear
Authors: Fisher Damien , Collins Michael J , Vincent Stephen J 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionStudies examining the effect of fenestrating soft and corneal rigid contact lenses upon corneal oedema have yielded conflicting results. Although often utilised in clinical practice, no studies have quantified the effect of fenestrating a scleral contact lens upon corneal oedema. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to examine the effect of incorporating a single peripheral fenestration on central corneal oedema during short‐term open‐eye scleral lens wear, while controlling for potential confounding variables.MethodsNine participants (mean age 30 years) with normal corneas wore a fenestrated (1 × 0.3 mm limbal fenestration) and non‐fenestrated scleral lens (both lenses manufactured using a material Dk of 141 × 10−11 cm3 O2(cm)/[(sec.)(cm2)(mmHg)]) under open‐eye conditions on separate days. Scleral lens thickness profiles were measured using a high‐resolution optical coherence tomographer (OCT). Epithelial, stromal and total central corneal oedema were also measured using the OCT immediately after lens application and following 90 min of wear, prior to lens removal.ResultsAfter adjusting for differences in initial central fluid reservoir thickness and scleral lens thickness between the two lens conditions, the mean (standard error) total corrected central corneal oedema was 0.50 (0.36)% for the fenestrated lens and 0.62 (0.16)% for the non‐fenestrated lens. This small difference was not statistically significant (t8 = 2.31, p = 0.81) and represents a 19% relative reduction in central corneal oedema. Similarly, epithelial (t8 = 2.31, p = 0.82) and stromal (t8 = 2.31, p = 0.92) corneal oedema were not significantly different following the fenestrated and non‐fenestrated wearing conditions.ConclusionCentral corneal oedema in healthy corneas was comparable between fenestrated and non‐fenestrated high Dk scleral lenses under short‐term open‐eye conditions when controlling for lens oxygen transmissibility and initial central fluid reservoir thickness.
Evaluation of liver elasticity with shear‐wave elastography in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients receiving methotrexate
Authors: Özdemir Çiçek Sümeyra , Karaman Zehra Filiz , Şahin Nihal , Paç Kısaarslan Ayşenur , Poyrazoğlu Muammer Hakan , Düşünsel Ruhan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMethotrexate (MTX) is the first‐choice disease‐modifying drug in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treatment. Methotrexate is metabolized in the liver and can cause liver toxicity and fibrosis with long‐term use. Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) is a non‐invasive method and can detect liver fibrosis by evaluating the liver elasticity. The aim of this study was to assess liver stiffness and detect if there is an increase in liver stiffness or fibrosis findings with the non‐invasive SWE method in JIA patients under MTX treatment.MethodThe study included 49 JIA patients under MTX treatment and 48 healthy controls, matched for age and sex with a body mass index below the 95th percentile. The demographic data and clinical characteristics of patients were obtained from medical records. Liver function tests were evaluated, and liver tissue stiffness measurements were performed with SWE.ResultsOf the 49 patients, 67.35% were girls and the mean age was 10.69 (±4.33) years. The duration of MTX treatment was 23.00 (1–80) months, and the cumulative dose of MTX was 1,280.867 mg (±934.2) in the patient group. There was no statistically significant difference in liver stiffness between patients receiving MTX and healthy controls (P = 0.313). There was no relationship between MTX duration, cumulative dose, route of administration, and liver stiffness. Only gamma glutamyl transferase values were weakly correlated with liver stiffness (P = 0.029).ConclusionsWe did not detect an increase in liver tissue stiffness in JIA patients using methotrexate in comparison with controls.
Identification, pathogenicity and community dynamics of fungi and oomycetes associated with pea root rot in northern France
Authors: Gibert Simon , Edel‐Hermann Véronique , Gautheron Elodie , Gautheron Nadine , Bernaud Eric , Sol Jean‐Marie , Capelle Géry , Galland Rachel , Bardon‐Debats Arnaud , Lambert Claudine , Steinberg Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe pea root rot complex is a major concern for green pea production worldwide. This study aimed at characterizing its composition and dynamics throughout a cropping season in northern France. To this end, fungi and oomycetes were isolated from green pea plant roots with symptoms sampled at the flowering stage in 22 fields in 2017, and at the pea emergence, elongation and flowering stages in two fields in 2018. Out of 646 isolates collected, 317 were identified using molecular markers. Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and F. redolens were highly predominant. Pathogenicity tests separated the isolates into four aggressiveness groups. F. solani isolates were the most aggressive. Phylogenetic analysis of their TEF1 sequences showed that they mainly belonged to the F. pisi lineage, and that F. oxysporum isolates were genetically close to isolates from the UK that did not belong to the forma specialis pisi. In addition, several Clonostachys rhizophaga isolates are reported for the first time to cause pea root rot. The oomycetes were rarely found and were represented by a few Pythium spp. isolates. Lastly, this study shows that the fungal and oomycete communities associated with pea root rot change during the cropping season. The level of dissimilarity of the root‐rot‐associated communities decreased throughout the cropping season towards a more similar composition at the flowering stage, dominated by F. solani, F. oxysporum and F. redolens. The proportion of nonpathogenic to weakly pathogenic isolates decreased progressively during the growing season in favour of moderately to highly pathogenic isolates.
Enhanced reactive oxygen detoxification occurs in salt‐stressed soybean roots expressing GmSALT3
Authors: Qu Yue , Guan Rongxia , Yu Lili , Berkowitz Oliver , David Rakesh , Whelan James , Ford Melanie , Wege Stefanie , Qiu Lijuan , Gilliham Matthew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) is an important crop globally for food and edible oil production. Soybean plants are sensitive to salinity (NaCl), with significant yield decreases reported under saline conditions. GmSALT3 is the dominant gene underlying a major QTL for salt tolerance in soybean. GmSALT3 encodes a transmembrane protein belonging to the plant cation/proton exchanger (CHX) family, and is predominately expressed in root phloem and xylem associated cells under both saline and non‐saline conditions. It is currently unknown through which molecular mechanism(s) the ER‐localised GmSALT3 contributes to salinity tolerance, as its localisation excludes direct involvement in ion exclusion. In order to gain insights into potential molecular mechanism(s), we used RNA‐seq analysis of roots from two soybean NILs (near isogenic lines); NIL‐S (salt‐sensitive, Gmsalt3), and NIL‐T (salt‐tolerant, GmSALT3), grown under control and saline conditions (200 mM NaCl) at three time points (0 h, 6 h, and 3 days). Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that NIL‐T has greater responses aligned to oxidation reduction. ROS were less abundant and scavenging enzyme activity was greater in NIL‐T, consistent with the RNA‐seq data. Further analysis indicated that genes related to calcium signalling, vesicle trafficking and Casparian strip (CS) development were upregulated in NIL‐T following salt treatment. We propose that GmSALT3 improves the ability of NIL‐T to cope with saline stress through preventing ROS overaccumulation in roots, and potentially modulating Ca2+ signalling, vesicle trafficking and formation of diffusion barriers.
Sleep‐disordered breathing was associated with lower health‐related quality of life and cognitive function in a cross‐sectional study of older adults
Authors: Ward Stephanie A. , Storey Elsdon , Gasevic Danijela , Naughton Matthew T. , Hamilton Garun S. , Trevaks Ruth E. , Wolfe Rory , O'Donoghue Fergal J. , Stocks Nigel , Abhayaratna Walter P. , Fitzgerald Sharyn , Orchard Suzanne G. , Ryan Joanne , McNeil John J. , Reid Christopher M. , Woods Robyn L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe clinical significance of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) in older age is uncertain. This study determined the prevalence and associations of SDB with mood, daytime sleepiness, quality of life (QOL) and cognition in a relatively healthy older Australian cohort.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted from the Study of Neurocognitive Outcomes, Radiological and retinal Effects of Aspirin in Sleep Apnoea. Participants completed an unattended limited channel sleep study to measure the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) to define mild (ODI 5–15) and moderate/severe (ODI ≥ 15) SDB, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Scale, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the 12‐item Short‐Form for QOL and neuropsychological tests.ResultsOf the 1399 participants (mean age 74.0 years), 36% (273 of 753) of men and 25% (164 of 646) of women had moderate/severe SDB. SDB was associated with lower physical health‐related QOL (mild SDB: beta coefficient [β] −2.5, 95% CI −3.6 to −1.3, p < 0.001; moderate/severe SDB: β −1.8, 95% CI −3.0 to −0.6, p = 0.005) and with lower global composite cognition (mild SDB: β −0.1, 95% CI −0.2 to 0.0, p = 0.022; moderate/severe SDB: β −0.1, 95% CI −0.2 to 0.0, p = 0.032) compared to no SDB. SDB was not associated with daytime sleepiness nor depression.ConclusionSDB was associated with lower physical health‐related quality of life and cognitive function. Given the high prevalence of SDB in older age, assessing QOL and cognition may better delineate subgroups requiring further management, and provide useful treatment target measures for this age group.
Liver transplantation from active COVID‐19 donors: Is it ethically justifiable?
Authors: Grossi Alessandra Agnese , Nicoli Federico , Cardillo Massimo , Gruttadauria Salvatore , Tisone Giuseppe , Ettorre Giuseppe Maria , De Carlis Luciano , Romagnoli Renato , Petrini Carlo , Grossi Paolo Antonio , Picozzi Mario 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe debate on the opportunity to use organs from donors testing positive for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in recipients with naïve resolved or active COVID‐19 is ongoing. We aim to present the ethical analyses underlying the decision to perform liver transplantation (LT) in selected patients with resolved or active COVID‐19 in Italy. We used Jonsen, Siegler, and Winslade's Four‐Boxes casuistic method, addressing the four topics considered as constitutive of the essential structure of single clinical cases for their ethical analysis (medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, and contextual features) to enable decision‐making on a case‐by‐case basis. Based on these topics, we elucidate the meaning and balance among the principles of biomedical ethics. Clinical ethics judgment based on the relation between the risk of acquiring SARS‐CoV‐2 along with its potentially negative effects and the expected benefits of transplant lead to consider LT as clinically appropriate. Shared decision‐making allows the integration of clinical options with the patient's subjective preferences and considerations, enabling a valid informed consent specifically tailored to the patients’ individual circumstances. The inclusion of carefully selected SARS‐CoV‐2 positive donors represents an opportunity to offer lifesaving LT to patients who might otherwise have limited opportunities to receive one. COVID‐19 positive donor livers are fairly allocated among equals, and respect for fundamental rights of the individual and the broader community in a context of healthcare rationing is guaranteed.The ethical analysis of the decision to perform LT in selected patients shows that the decision is ethically justifiable.
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Current state of antimicrobial stewardship and organ transplantation in Spain
Authors: Silva Jose Tiago , Aguado José María 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionSolid‐organ transplantation (SOT) remains the best therapeutic option for end‐stage organ disease. Regrettably, SOT recipients are disproportionately affected by nosocomial infections produced by multidrug‐resistant (MDR) microorganisms and antimicrobial adverse events. Both have a negative impact on the patient´s outcome.MethodsDescription of data concerning the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) in SOT recipients of the University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, and review of other Spanish ASPs.ResultsFrom May 2017 to December 2021, the ASP issued 2.785 recommendations. Approximately, 4.9% were aimed at improving the antimicrobial treatment administered to SOT recipients. Treatment discontinuation or change to a better therapeutic regimen was recommended in 51.8% and 26.3% of cases, respectively. The acceptance rate of the recommendations was close to 92%. Between June 2015 and March 2016, a quasi‐experimental study consisting of a joint ASP and hospital‐acquired infection control (HAIC) initiative, which included kidney transplant recipients, reported a significant reduction in the consumption of meropenem, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin, and a reduction in the incidence of global bacterial infections, upper urinary tract infections, and cystitis. Although Spain has several robust regional ASPs (e.g., VINCat and PIRASOA), data specifically concerning SOT patients is lacking.ConclusionASP coupled with HAIC programs have proven to be effective in SOT, and should be implemented in centers that perform transplantation. Since data is scarce, Spanish centers which have ASP should report their experience in SOT. Understanding the efficacy and safety of the Spanish ASP´s intervention in the SOT population is essential and deserves further study.