bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density in adolescents: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Ma Chun-Ming , Lu Na , Kong Fan-Shuo , Zhang Xu , Wang Rui , Yin Fu-Zai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and height (Ht) adjusted Z-scores for areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adolescents.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on the United States adolescents aged 12–17 years. Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012, 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 cycles. Ht adjusted Z-scores for aBMD were calculated.

Results
A total of 969 adolescents (493 boys and 476 girls), aged 14.5 ± 1.7 years were enrolled in this study. After control for age, gender, race, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and lean body mass index (LBMI) Z-score, adolescents with MetS had significantly lower levels of total body (less head) aBMD Ht-Z-adjusted Z-score than adolescents with one, two components of MetS and without component of MetS (p<0.05) and significantly lower levels of lumbar spine aBMD Ht-Z-adjusted Z-score than adolescents with one component of MetS and without component of MetS (p<0.05). There were significantly negative associations between total body (less head) aBMD Ht-Z-adjusted Z-score and waist circumference (WC) (β=−0.027, p<0.001, R2=0.057) and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β=−0.225, p<0.001, R2=0.016). There were significantly negative associations between lumbar spine aBMD Ht-Z-adjusted Z-score and WC (β=−0.039, p<0.001, R2=0.058) and HOMA-IR (β=−0.251, p<0.001, R2=0.008).

Conclusions
The present study demonstrates that MetS may have a negative effect on bone mineral density in adolescents. Abdominal obesity and insulin resistance play a major role on the decline of aBMD in adolescents.
Johann Reinhold Grube’s Opposing Remarks on Kant’s
Nova dilucidatio
Authors: Hohenegger Hansmichael , Lamarra Antonio , Pozzo Riccardo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a transcription of a handwritten Latin text, along with its translation into English, that was identified only very recently in the Kongelige Bibliothek in Copenhagen while preparing the new critical edition of Kant’s Nova dilucidatio (PND). The text consists of remarks by Johann Reinhold Grube, composed in his role as opponent at Kant’s disputation for the venia legendi on 27 September 1755. Grube’s interleaved opposing remarks on Kant’s dissertatio metaphysica pro receptione contain precious starting points for new lines of research, since they vividly exemplify the point of view of one of the participants in the debate, a perspective that is rarely documented. In addition to informing us about how the disputation itself was carried out and which traditional rhetorical techniques were used, these remarks offer a compelling glimpse into the immediate reception of Kant’s first thoughts on logic and metaphysics, giving scholars access to an ingenious reaction to Kant’s stance on the theory of judgment.
Fully integrated electrically driven optical frequency comb at communication wavelength
Authors: Li Nanxi , Chen Guanyu , Lim Leh Woon , Ho Chong Pei , Xue Jin , Fu Yuan Hsing , Lee Lennon Y. T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To meet the high demand of data transmission capacity, optical communications systems have been developed. In order to increase the channel numbers for larger communication bandwidth, multi-mode lasers and laser arrays can be used. As an alternative coherent light source, optical frequency comb (OFC) contains multi-wavelength signal, and hence enables communication with data stream of tens of terabit/s. Fully integrated electrically driven OFCs are expected as a compact, robust, and low-cost light source for data communication. In this review article, the recent development progress on fully integrated electrically driven OFC generators are reviewed, with focus on the demonstrations in the past five years. Based on comb generation approaches, the works are categorized into two main types: one is OFC generators based on four-wave mixing in high-Q resonator, and the other is OFC generators based on mode-locked laser. At the end, a summary and future outlook are provided.
From Anatolia to Algarve: Assessing the Early Stages of Neolithisation Processes in Europe
Authors: Borrell Ferran , Clemente Ignacio , Cubas Miriam , Ibáñez Juan José , Mazzucco Niccoló , Nieto-Espinet Ariadna , Portillo Marta , Valenzuela-Lamas Silvia , Terradas Xavier 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The introduction and spread of the Neolithic “way of life” in Europe was a process that took several millennia, followed by different rhythms and displayed singularities in each geographic area. It was therefore a very complex phenomenon that, despite highly significant advances in research in recent decades, is yet to be fully understood. To deepen our understanding of the very early stages of the introduction of herding and agriculture throughout the Old Continent, the 1st Conference on the Early Neolithic of Europe was organised in Barcelona on 6–8 November 2019. The conference was a great success with more than 200 participants, creating a stimulating arena to discuss and debate, exclusively, the transition to the Neolithic in Europe. This special issue brings together 52 of the contributions presented in Barcelona, offering an interesting overview of the current state of research across Europe, from the Anatolia to the Algarve, highlighting the geographical, chronological and socioeconomic diversity of the transformation processes involved in the Neolithisation of Europe and providing useful starting points for future research.
Abdominal tissue concentrations and penetration of carboplatin in a HIPEC procedure ‒ assessment in a novel porcine model
Authors: Petersen Elisabeth K. , Bue Mats , Harlev Christina , Jørgensen Andrea R. , Schmedes Anne , Hanberg Pelle , Petersen Lone K. , Stilling Maiken 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Peritoneal dissemination from intraabdominal cancers is associated with poor prognosis and rapid disease progression. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an antineoplastic treatment, which has improved survival and recurrence-free survival, but little is known about the acquired chemotherapy concentrations in local tissues. The aim of this study was to assess concentrations of carboplatin during and after HIPEC treatment dynamically and simultaneously in various abdominal organ tissues by means of microdialysis in a novel porcine model.

Methods
Eight pigs underwent imitation cytoreductive surgery followed by HIPEC (90 min) using a carboplatin dosage of 800 mg/m2. Microdialysis catheters were placed for sampling of drug concentrations in various solid tissues: peritoneum, liver, bladder wall, mesentery and in different depths of one mm and four mm in the hepatoduodenal ligament and rectum. During and after HIPEC, dialysates and blood samples were collected over 8 h.

Results
No statistically significant differences in mean AUC0-last (range: 2,657–5,176 min·µg/mL), mean Cmax (range: 10.6–26.0 µg/mL) and mean Tmax (range: 105–206 min) were found between the compartments. In plasma there was a tendency towards lower measures. No difference between compartments was found for tissue penetration. At the last samples obtained (450 min) the mean carboplatin concentrations were 4.9–9.9 µg/mL across the investigated solid tissues.

Conclusions
Equal carboplatin distribution in abdominal organ tissues, detectable concentrations for at least 6 h after HIPEC completion, and a carboplatin penetration depth of minimum four mm were found. The present study proposes a new HIPEC porcine model for future research.
Creep rupture behavior of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel and weld for hydrogenation reactors under different stress levels
Authors: Song Yan , Chai Mengyu , Lv Junnan , Han Zelin , Liu Pan , Yan Haoqi , Sha Zhendong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the present research work, the 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel plates with a thickness of 112 mm were welded using the multi-pass submerged automatic arc welding process. The creep specimens were prepared from the base metal (BM) and weld metal (WM) in the welded joint after heat treatment process. The uniaxial creep tests were performed to investigate the creep deformation and rupture behaviors at 550°C under different applied stress levels. The microstructure and fracture surface morphology of crept BM and WM samples were also characterized using the scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that typical three-stage creep deformation curves are observed in both BM and WM specimens, and the BM exhibits a faster deformation rate than the WM. Both the creep rupture time and uniaxial creep ductility are found to be increased with a decrease in applied stress. Furthermore, the relationship between the minimum creep rate and time to rupture of both BM and WM samples was obtained, and it can be described using a unified Monkman–Grant equation. In addition, it is found that the creep fractures of the BM and WM are a transgranular ductile failure. The creep damages of both materials are mainly associated with the microstructural degradations, that is, the initiation and coalescence of creep cavities at second phase particles such as carbide and inclusion particles along the loading direction.
Is the pathology of posterior cortical atrophy clinically predictable?
Authors: Cipriano Lorenzo , Oliva Mariano , Puoti Gianfranco , Signoriello Elisabetta , Bonavita Simona , Coppola Cinzia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an early prominent deficit of visual functions associated with signs and symptoms that are the expression of dysfunction of posterior brain regions. Although PCA is commonly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in recent years new pathological substrates have emerged. Among them, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the most commonly reported but, to date, little is known about the clinical features of PCA due to FTLD. We conducted a systematic search in the main biomedical database MEDLINE. We searched for all clinical PCA reports that assessed the pathological basis of such syndrome with at least one of the following: (1) neuropathological examination, (2) cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, (3) amyloid-PET imaging and (4) genetic testing. Of 369 potentially eligible studies, 40 fulfilled the inclusion criteria with an overall number of 144 patients (127 PCA-AD vs. 17 PCA-FTD/non-AD). We found that hallucinations/illusions were present in none of the probable PCA-FTD/non-AD subjects while were reported in 15 out of 97 PCA-AD individuals. Optic ataxia and Parkinsonism showed a significantly greater prevalence in probable PCA FTD/non-AD than in PCA-AD whereas myoclonus and disorientation in time and space were significantly more frequent in PCA-AD than in probable PCA FTD/non-AD. We also found a predominance of a left-side pattern of atrophy/hypometabolism in the probable PCA FTD/non-AD. Clinical features such as optic ataxia, Parkinsonism, myoclonus, hallucinations and disorientation in time and space suggest the underlying pathological basis of PCA and help in leading the diagnostic protocol consequently.
Impairments in Fear Extinction Memory and Basolateral Amygdala Plasticity in the TgF344-AD Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Are Distinct from Nonpathological Aging
Authors: Hernandez Caesar M. , Jackson Nateka L. , Hernandez Abbi R. , McMahon Lori L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFear-based disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) steepen age-related cognitive decline and double the risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Because of the seemingly hyperactive properties of fear memories, PTSD symptoms can worsen with age. Perturbations in the synaptic circuitry supporting fear memory extinction are key neural substrates of PTSD. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a medial temporal lobe structure that is critical in the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of fear memories. As little is known about fear extinction memory and BLA synaptic dysfunction within the context of aging and AD, the goal of this study was to investigate how fear extinction memory deficits and basal amygdaloid nucleus (BA) synaptic dysfunction differentially associate in nonpathologic aging and AD in the TgF344AD (TgAD) rat model of AD. Young, middle-aged, and older-aged WT and TgAD rats were trained on a delay fear conditioning and extinction procedure beforeex vivoextracellular field potential recording experiments in the BA. Relative to young WT rats, long-term extinction memory was impaired, and in general, was associated with a hyperexcitable BA and impaired LTP in TgAD rats at all ages. In contrast, long-term extinction memory was impaired in aged WT rats and was associated with impaired LTP but not BA hyperexcitability. Interestingly, the middle-aged TgAD rats showed intact short-term extinction and BA LTP, which is suggestive of a compensatory mechanism, whereas differential neural recruitment in older-aged WT rats may have facilitated short-term extinction. As such, associations between fear extinction memory and amygdala deficits in nonpathologic aging and AD are dissociable.
Evidence for Independent Processing of Shape by Vision and Touch
Authors: Miller Ryan L. , Sheinberg David L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough visual object recognition is well studied and relatively well understood, much less is known about how shapes are recognized by touch and how such haptic stimuli might be compared with visual shapes. One might expect that the processes of visual and haptic object recognition engage similar brain structures given the advantages of avoiding redundant brain circuitry and indeed there is some evidence that this is the case. A potentially fruitful approach to understanding the differences in how shapes might be neurally represented is to find an algorithmic method of comparing shapes, which agrees with human behavior and determines whether that method differs between different modality conditions. If not, it would provide further evidence for a shared representation of shape. We recruited human participants to perform a one-back same–different visual and haptic shape comparison task both within (i.e., comparing two visual shapes or two haptic shapes) and across (i.e., comparing visual with haptic shapes) modalities. We then used various shape metrics to predict performance based on the shape, orientation, and modality of the two stimuli that were being compared on each trial. We found that the metrics that best predict shape comparison behavior heavily depended on the modality of the two shapes, suggesting differences in which features are used for comparing shapes depending on modality and that object recognition is not necessarily performed in a single, modality-agnostic region.
A validated new RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Gebretsadik Hailekiros , Kahsay Getu , Eticha Tadele , Gebretsadikan Tesfamichael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs per the World Health Organization, 10% of medicines in low- and middle-income nations are of poor quality and pose a huge public health risk. The development and implementation of cost-effective, efficient and quick analytical methods to control the quality of these medicines is one of the immediate strategies to avoid such a situation. Hence, the main goal of this study was to develop and validate a simple, specific and precise new RP–HPLC method for simultaneous analysis of amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin in pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic analysis was achieved using Shodex C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with UV detection at 225 nm. The mobile phase was a gradient mixture of 30 mM phosphate buffer, pH 4.0 (mobile phase A) and acetonitrile (mobile phase B). Efficient separation of the three drugs was obtained using the final optimized chromatographic conditions. The developed method was validated for its specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness as per the ICH guidelines. The validation results showed that the method was specific, linear, precise, accurate and robust for the simultaneous determination of the three drugs. The developed method was applied to determine the content of the three drugs in pharmaceutical formulations. The assay results of the preparations showed that their drug content was within the pharmacopeial limit stipulated for each drug product. It can be concluded that the proposed method is suitable for simultaneous determination of amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin in pharmaceutical formulations in industries and regulatory laboratories.
AI and international law – Legal personality and avenues for regulation
Authors: Hárs András 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The development of AI has been an explosive process, permeating almost all areas of life. During this rapid evolution, the legal profession has been slow to catch up. This is especially true for international law, which seemingly remains indecisive regarding whether it has a role to play at all. This article aims at mapping out converging points between AI and international law. Through separating key elements of the definition and nature of AI, the possibility of its legal personality and the means by which AI may become a subject of international law are analysed. Utilizing various modalities regarding legal personality, such as that of inanimate objects, corporations and natural persons, the paper presents avenues for if and when decision-makers want to regulate the field. Last, the advantages and problems with bestowing legal personality and the potential future directions of international regulation are observed.
Estructura y composición de los bosques de Pinus pinceana Gordon (Pinaceae), en el noreste de México
Authors: Sánchez-Castillo Carolina , Wehenkel Christian , Golubov Jordan , Vanoye-Eligio Venancio , Martínez-Gallegos Rodolfo , De la Rosa-Manzano Edilia , Torres-Castillo Jorge Ariel , Martínez-Ávalos José Guadalupe 
Published: June 2022

Antecedentes: Los bosques de Pinus pinceana en Tamaulipas crecen en condiciones de aridez en la Sierra Madre Oriental. Es importante conocer la composición y diversidad florística, además de los parámetros estructurales útiles para futuros programas de conservación.
Preguntas: ¿Cómo es la estructura, composición y diversidad florística de la vegetación asociada al bosque de Pinus pinceana en Tamaulipas?
Especies de estudio / Descripción de datos / Modelo matemático: Pinus pinceana , parámetros estructurales, diversidad y regresiones lineales.
Sitio y años de estudio: Tamaulipas, México. Marzo de 2016 a Marzo de 2017.
Métodos: En cada sitio (A y B) se establecieron 10 parcelas de 100 m2 para el estrato alto; 10 de 25 m2 para el medio y 10 de 1 m2 para el bajo. Un total de 30 parcelas por sitio.
Resultados: Un total de 48 especies, 39 géneros y 24 familias de plantas vasculares fueron registradas. Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae y Asparagaceae fueron las familias dominantes. Pinus pinceana mostró el mayor Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) en el estrato alto, Flourensia laurifolia y Acacia roemeriana en el estrato medio y Croton ciliatoglandulifer y Hechtia hernandez-sandovalii en el estrato bajo. También, se encontraron diferencias significativas en la estructura del estrato medio y superior entre los dos sitios de estudio.
Conclusiones: La vegetación de los bosques de Pinus pinceana en Tamaulipas son semejantes en composición y diversidad de especies entre sitios, pero la estructura del estrato medio y superior entre los dos sitios de estudio es diferente.

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Safe drug therapy in clinical practice: experience of using microinfusion single-use mechanical systems in treatment of patients with malignant diseases of hematopoietic tissue and solid tumors
Authors: Ryabukhina Yu. E. , Zeynalova P. A. , Gruzdev V. E. , Anisimov M. A. , Fedenko A. A. , Timofeeva O. L. , Abbasbeyli F. M. , Chekin D. A. , Zhukov A. G. 
Published: June 2022

Recently due to significant successes in drug therapy of malignant tumors, the question of quality of life of patients has become more important. Cyclical drug treatment implies intravenous infusion of antitumor agents. Complications associated with this type of therapy include phlebitis and extravasation and, in some cases, lead to full obliteration of vessel lumen and vast skin and hypoderm necrosis. Multiple venous punctions can with time lead to significant technical difficulties in accessing the vein and limit the continuation of therapy. This drives the necessity to search for rational approaches to patient safety during both outpatient and inpatient antitumor drug treatment. To solve this problem, fully implanted venous port systems were developed and implemented in clinical practice which provide organization of aseptic continuous venous access, as well as infusion pumps (for independent prolonged intravenous therapy). Use of these devices allows for continuity and cycling of treatment process, significantly improves patients' quality of life by not limiting daily activities.In the article we present our experience of using microinfusion single-use mechanical systems for antitumor drug therapy and relief of intense pain syndrome in patients with malignant disorders of hematopoietic tissue and solid tumors.
Socio-anthropometric features and lifestyle in ketosis-prone diabetes vs controls
Authors: Dere Kwadjo Anicet Luc , Djoupo Agnon Prisca , Djenebou Coulibaly , Seguenan Fofana , Tiahou Gnomblesson Georges 
Published: June 2022

: In West Africa, the various types of diabetes according to WHO or the American Diabetes Association (ADA) are endemic; however, a particular type referred to as atypical ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus requires specific attention. We implemented a case-control study including 101 cases versus 89 controls. Controls are people living in apparent good health and patients are diabetics newly diagnosed and attended hospitals for the first time. We included socio-demographic and anthropometric informations, some questions about dietary habits of participants. We tested fasting plasma glucose and HbAC according to manufacturer’s instructions. : Dietary diversification was lower in patients with less of 10% having a good dietary diversity. Correlation tests showed a significant statistical link in relation with waist circumference and body mass index in accordance with glycaemia in patients newly diagnosed diabetics. Wenoted adecreasing of mean value of glycaemia in overweight or obese patients, otherwise, the fat gaining was marked as glycaemia lowering. This trend has been related in correlation with HbA1C in patients without significant statistical correlation. We also notified a significant link between amount of diet usually ingested by controls and the variation of HbA1C. : It clearly appears that lifestyle has certainly an impact in the occurrence of metabolic diseases in overall and on diabetes in particular. There is a close link between these diseases with genetic or family predisposition. It seems urgent to act upstream to prevent such diseases living as a burden for our deprived population.