bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic study in the extraction of xanthones from Securidaca longepedunculata roots by microwave-assisted-extraction
Authors: Djiobie Tchienou Gertrude Eléonore , Tsatsop Tsague Roli Karole , Dongmo Sokeng Séléstin , Ngassoum Martin Benoît 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Extraction of active compounds from plants using microwave can be utilized as an alternative solution for conventional extraction. To well understand this technology, the study of the modelization and kinetics mechanism of the extraction method is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the suitable kinetics models for MAE of the Xanthones from Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen roots.

Results
The experimental data (xanthones versus time, power and ratio, respectively) were fitted to three-parameter empirical kinetics models. The second-order models appear to be the best fit to explain kinetics study of MAE than the first model. The second-order model was acceptable, with elevated value of the correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9861), showing that it perfectly relates the process.

Conclusion
Based on the results obtained, the extraction of xanthones from roots of S. longepedunculata is done successively in two steps, washing and diffusion of compounds from matrices as described by second-order kinetics model. The latter could report the kinetics model of extraction process from S. longepedunculata Fresen using microwave technology.
Role of nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-19, interleukin-34, and interleukin-37 expression in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Esam Doaa , Abdel-Moneim Adel , Mahmoud Basant , Abdel-Gabbar Mohamed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe long-term effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) can impair several organs, including the kidney, resulting in serious health problems. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a primary contributor in end-stage renal failure worldwide, affects 20–30% of patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). This study was designed to assess the contribution of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-19, IL-34, and IL-37 in the development of DN.MethodsThe study included 160 participants, of which 130 were allocated into the patients with diabetes group, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and patients with diabetic chronic kidney disease (DCKD), and 30 were healthy controls.ResultsThe obtained data revealed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in IL-19, IL-34, and NF-κB mRNA expression and serum IL-6 levels in patient groups (CKD and DCKD) compared with the healthy control group, whereas IL-19, IL-34, and NF-κB mRNA expression showed a marked elevation in the DCKD group when compared with patients with CKD. Conversely, IL-37 mRNA expression and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in both groups relative to the healthy controls, whereas the decrease was markedly higher in the DCKD group when compared with the CKD group.ConclusionThe obtained results could indicate the potential implication of NF-κB, IL-19, IL-34, and IL-6 levels, along with the decrease in IL-37 expression and serum SOD activity, in the pathophysiology of kidney disease in diabetes. Moreover, designing drugs targeting these cytokines and/or their signal pathways may prevent or alleviate the progression of kidney disease.
Outcomes for Children With Type II and Type III Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Following Chemotherapy: A Report From the International PPB/DICER1 Registry
Authors: Schultz Kris Ann P. , Harris Anne K. , Nelson Alexander T. , Watson Dave , Lucas John T. , Miniati Doug , Stewart Douglas R. , Hagedorn Kelly N. , Mize William , Kamihara Junne , Mitchell Sarah G. , Wilson David B. , Gettinger Katie , Rangaswami Arun A. , Harney Laura A. , Rodriguez Galindo Carlos , Bisogno Gianni , Dehner Louis P. , Hill D. Ashley , Messinger Yoav H. 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most common primary lung neoplasm of infancy and early childhood. Type II and type III PPB have historically been associated with a poor prognosis. METHODS Patients with known or suspected PPB were enrolled in the International PPB/ DICER1 Registry. Medical records were abstracted with follow-up ascertained annually. All PPB diagnoses were confirmed by central pathology review. Beginning in 2007, the IVADo regimen (ifosfamide, vincristine, actinomycin-D, and doxorubicin) was recommended as a potential treatment regimen for children with type II and type III PPB. This regimen was compared with a historical control cohort. RESULTS From 1987 to 2021, 314 children with centrally confirmed type II and type III PPB who received upfront chemotherapy were enrolled; 132 children (75 with type II and 57 with type III) received IVADo chemotherapy. Adjusted analyses suggest improved overall survival for children treated with IVADo in comparison with historical controls with an estimated hazard ratio of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.39 to 1.08). Compared with localized disease, distant metastasis at diagnosis was associated with worse PPB event-free survival and overall survival with hazard ratio of 4.23 (95% CI, 2.42 to 7.38) and 4.69 (95% CI, 2.50 to 8.80), respectively. CONCLUSION The use of IVADo in children with type II and type III PPB resulted in similar-to-improved outcomes compared with historical controls. Inferior outcomes with metastatic disease suggest the need for novel therapies. This large cohort of uniformly treated children with advanced PPB serves as a benchmark for future multicenter therapeutic studies for this rare pediatric tumor.
Predictive Factors of Somatostatin Receptor Ligand Response in Acromegaly—A Prospective Study
Authors: Ilie Mirela-Diana , Tabarin Antoine , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Bonneville Jean-François , Moreau-Grangé Lucile , Schillo Franck , Delemer Brigitte , Barlier Anne , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Bisot-Locard Ségolène , Santos Alexandre , Chanson Philippe , Raverot Gérald 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Context
Somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) are the cornerstone medical treatments for acromegaly; however, many patients remain unresponsive to SRLs. Well-established predictive markers of response are needed.

Objective
We aimed to explore the relationship between responsiveness to SRLs relative to somatostatin (SST)2A and 5 receptor expression, adenoma granularity, and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity (T2WSI).

Methods
We conducted a multicentric, prospective, observational cohort study, in France. Forty-nine naïve patients (ie, patients without preoperative SRL treatment) with active acromegaly following surgery were treated with octreotide (group 1; n = 47), or pasireotide if uncontrolled under first-generation SRLs (group 2; n = 9). Data were collected at baseline and months 3 and 6. Biochemical measurements, immunohistochemistry studies, and MRI readings were centralized.

Results
In group 1, IGF-I decrease from baseline to month 6 positively correlated with SST2A immunoreactive score (IRS), P = 0.01. Densely granulated/intermediate adenomas had a greater IGF-I and GH decrease under octreotide compared with sparsely granulated adenomas (P = 0.02 and P = 0.006, respectively), and expressed greater levels of SST2A (P &lt; 0.001), coupled with lower levels of SST5 (P = 0.004). T2WSI changed between preoperative MRI and month 6 MRI in one-half of the patients. Finally, SST5 IRS was higher in preoperative hyperintense compared with preoperative hypointense adenomas (P = 0.04), and most sparsely granulated and most hyperintense adenomas expressed high SST5 levels.

Conclusion
We prospectively confirm that SST2A and adenoma granularity are good predictors of response to octreotide. We propose the IRS for scoring system harmonization. MRI sequences must be optimized to be able to use the T2WSI as a predictor of treatment response.
Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Have Higher Plasma Aldosterone-Renin Ratio and Lower ACE Activity Than Controls
Authors: Parikh Nisha I , Arowolo Folagbayi , Durstenfeld Matthew S , Nah Gregory , Njoroge Joyce , Vittinghoff Eric , Long Carlin S , Ganz Peter , Pearce David , Hsue Priscilla , Wu Alan H S , Hajizadeh Negin , Liu Kathleen D , Lynch Kara L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Context
SARS-CoV-2 infects cells via the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, whose downstream effects “counterbalance” the classical renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS).

Objective
We aimed to determine to what extent circulating RAAS biomarker levels differ in persons with and without COVID-19 throughout the disease course.

Methods
We measured classical (renin, aldosterone, aldosterone/renin ratio [ARR], Ang2, ACE activity) and nonclassical (ACE2, Ang1,7) RAAS biomarkers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients vs SARS-CoV-2 negative controls. We compared biomarker levels in cases with contemporaneous samples from control patients with upper respiratory symptoms and a negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. To assess RAAS biomarker changes during the course of COVID-19 hospitalization, we studied cases at 2 different times points ∼ 12 days apart. We employed age- and sex-adjusted generalized linear models and paired/unpaired t tests.

Results
Mean age was 51 years for both cases (31% women) and controls (50% women). ARR was higher in the first sample among hospitalized COVID-19 patients vs controls (P = 0.02). ACE activity was lower among cases at their first sample vs controls (P = &lt;0.001). ACE2 activity, Ang 1,7, and Ang2 did not differ at the 2 COVID-19 case time points and they did not differ in COVID-19 cases vs controls. Additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI) did not change our findings.

Conclusions
High ARR, independent of BMI, may be a risk marker for COVID-19 hospitalization. Serum ACE activity was lower in patients with COVID-19 vs controls at the beginning of their hospitalization and then increased to similar levels as controls, possibly due to lung injury, which improved with inpatient disease management.
Age-Stratified Propofol Dosage for Pediatric Procedural Sedation and Analgesia
Authors: van Dijk Huib , Hendriks Mark P. , van Eck-Smaling Marga M. , van Wolfswinkel Leo , van Loon Kim 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) for diagnostic and minimally invasive therapeutic procedures has become common practice in children of all ages. Based on our clinical experience, we suspected an inverse relation between age and dosage. However, a schedule for age-stratified propofol induction and maintenance dosage for PSA was not available and could be helpful to many anesthesiologists as a reference.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective cohort study of children who received procedural sedation at the Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital (WKZ), a tertiary pediatric hospital part of the University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), between June 2007 and December 2020. We studied whether the induction (mg·kg−1) and maintenance (mg·kg−1·h−1) dosage is age-dependent using linear regression models.

Results:
A total of 6438 pediatric procedures were retrieved from Anesthesia Information Management Systems (AIMS). A total of 5567 records were available for induction dose analysis and 5420 records for analysis of the maintenance dose. After adjustment for sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, opioid administration, and diagnostic or interventional, we obtained a coefficient of −0.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.12 to −0.11) for age (years) from a multivariable linear regression model for propofol induction dosage (mg·kg−1) and a coefficient of −0.36 (95% CI, −0.39 to −0.34) for age (years) for propofol maintenance dosage.

Conclusions:
We found a noteworthy inverse age-effect on propofol dosage for both induction and maintenance of pediatric procedural sedation. Furthermore, our study revealed that remarkably higher propofol sedation doses were needed for infants and toddlers than previously expected and reported.
Hypobaric Unilateral Spinal Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery in the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Simonin Marine , Delsuc Claire , Meuret Pascal , Caruso Liana , Deleat-Besson Robert , Lamblin Antoine , Huriaux Laetitia , Abraham Paul , Bidon Cyril , Giai Joris , Riche Benjamin , Rimmelé Thomas 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Hypotension during surgery is frequent in the elderly population and is associated with acute kidney and myocardial injury, which are, themselves, associated with increased 30-day mortality. The present study compared the hemodynamic effects of hypobaric unilateral spinal anesthesia (HUSA) to general anesthesia (GA) in patients ≥70 years of age undergoing hip fracture surgery.

METHODS:
We conducted a single-center, prospective, randomized study. In the HUSA group, patients were positioned with the operated hip above, and the hypobaric anesthetic solution was composed of 9 mg ropivacaine, 5 µg sufentanil, and 1 mL of sterile water. Anesthesia was adjusted for the GA group. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured with a noninvasive blood pressure upper arm cuff every 3 minutes. Hypotension was treated with a bolus of ephedrine and then a continuous intravenous of norepinephrine to obtain a MAP ≥65 mm Hg. Primary outcome was the occurrence of severe hypotension, defined as a MAP <65 mm Hg for >12 consecutive minutes.

RESULTS:
A total of 154 patients were included. Severe hypotension was more frequent in the GA group compared to the HUSA group (odds ratio, 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.7–11.7; P < .001). There was no significant difference regarding the short-term outcomes between the HUSA and GA groups: acute kidney injury (respectively, 5.1% vs 11.3%; P = .22), myocardial injury (18.0% vs 14.0%; P = .63), and 30-day mortality (2.4% vs 4.7%; P = .65).

CONCLUSIONS:
HUSA leads to fewer episodes of severe intraoperative hypotension compared to GA in an elderly population undergoing hip fracture surgery.
Consumer Engagement in Perioperative Clinical Trials
Authors: Wallace Sophie K. A. , Bucknall Tracey K. , Myles Paul S. 
Published: September 2022

Consumer engagement (patient and public involvement) in perioperative medicine research is in its infancy. The patient experience and family/carer perspectives can provide an extra layer of insight to give more understanding as to what, why, and how we do research. Patients who have undergone surgery have a unique understanding of the issues, concerns, wants, and needs that they learned as a patient—they, therefore, can be considered as a professional given their experience(s)—thus warranting recognition as a partner in research. Knowledge of the consumer engagement literature and availability of resources should support anesthesia researchers aiming to include these perspectives in their research. This includes several existing engagement frameworks and assessment tools. We provide a framework for consumer engagement for adoption into anesthesia and other perioperative research.
By incorporating the patient or caregiver into the design, funding application(s), data collection, and interpretation of the findings can be beneficial to all. This includes promoting knowledge and access to clinical trials, the wording of participant consent and information forms, methods of data collection, selection of important outcomes, and dissemination of results.
Online mentoring: Challenges and strategies
Authors: Jan Sadiq , Mehboob Usman 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To gain insights into the e-mentoring experience, needs of the stakeholders (mentors and mentees) challenges and strategies to overcome the challenges.
Methods: Qualitative exploratory study was conducted in Islamic International Medical College, from February 2021 to July 2021. The study duration was six months. Six ‘Semi-structured interviews’ of mentors and two ‘focus group discussions’ with mentees were conducted. A purposeful sampling technique was employed to select the respondents. Data were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. After that analysis of data was done by inductive content analysis. Data were coded line by line. Open codes were combined to form categories, which were combined to form themes through abstraction.
Results: Data was analyzed by using Atlas.ti. After analyzing data from mentors and mentees, 21 open codes sorted into 15 categories and abstracted to from five major themes. Participants talked about the problems of online sessions like; connectivity issues, impaired interaction, nonspecific goals, unaware of MS Teams use. They suggested strategies to make these sessions more practical; like workshops for training, face to face sessions before online mode, blended approach, careful selection of mentors and mentees. All were satisfied with security and witnessed anonymity and privacy.
Conclusion: Online mentoring can help students feel less lonely through social contact. E-mentoring provides flexibility to those who would usually deal with discrimination to being mentored because of their gender, ethnicity, disability or geographical location.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5804
How to cite this:Jan S, Mahboob U. Online mentoring: Challenges and strategies. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5804
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The new educational paradigm in the COVID-19 era: Can Blackboard replace physical teaching in EFL writing classrooms?
Authors: Aljafen Bandar 
Published: September 2022

Background: Many changes are evident in classrooms in the COVID-19 times, but the most drastic perhaps has been the scramble to find substitutes for physical classrooms, a truly solemn challenge for the foreign language learning paradigm. In the meantime, many customized learning apps came to the educationists’ rescue: Blackboard being one of them. This study endeavors to investigate the effectiveness of Blackboard as an alternative to face-to-face writing instruction during the COVID-19 crisis and in the following period of precautionary distancing and other norms. Methods: The study used the final grades of Saudi male and female EFL undergraduates across two terms and with the Blackboard and face-to-face approaches in three compulsory English writing courses, and statistical tests were conducted on them. Results: The findings showed that female students (M=83.24, Std= 10.627) significantly outperform the male students (M=73.62, Std=16.011) in the final writing test (P=. 000). Furthermore, in face-to-face teaching (M=84.34, Std=10.752) was more statistically effective than when using Blackboard (M=75.65, Std=14.545) with the Sig value scored (P=. 000). Findings also showed that third level scored higher than the second and the first in writing (83.83, 78.17, 77.89) respectively. All the differences were significant (P=. 000). Conclusion: The implications of the study have a major bearing on curriculum and pedagogy planning for the coming times which may see more comebacks of the COVID-19 variants and warrant innovative teaching-learning tools and methods.
Circadian signatures of anterior hypothalamus in time-restricted feeding
Authors: Zhou Meiyu , Chen Jianghui , Huang Rongfeng , Xin Haoran , Ma Xiaogen , Li Lihua , Deng Fang , Zhang Zhihui , Li Min-Dian 
Published: September 2022

Background: Meal timing resets circadian clocks in peripheral tissues, such as the liver, in seven days without affecting the phase of the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Anterior hypothalamus plays an essential role in energy metabolism, circadian rhythm, and stress response. However, it remains to be elucidated whether and how anterior hypothalamus adapts its circadian rhythms to meal timing. Methods: Here, we applied transcriptomics to profile rhythmic transcripts in the anterior hypothalamus of nocturnal female mice subjected to day- (DRF) or night (NRF)-time restricted feeding for seven days. Results: This global profiling identified 128 and 3,518 rhythmic transcripts in DRF and NRF, respectively. NRF entrained diurnal rhythms among 990 biological processes, including ‘Electron transport chain’ and ‘Hippo signaling’ that reached peak time in the late sleep and late active phase, respectively. By contrast, DRF entrained only 20 rhythmic pathways, including ‘Cellular amino acid catabolic process’, all of which were restricted to the late active phase. The rhythmic transcripts found in both DRF and NRF tissues were largely resistant to phase entrainment by meal timing, which were matched to the action of the circadian clock. Remarkably, DRF for 36 days partially reversed the circadian clock compared to NRF. Conclusions: Collectively, our work generates a useful dataset to explore anterior hypothalamic circadian biology and sheds light on potential rhythmic processes influenced by meal timing in the brain (www.circametdb.org.cn).
Mental health problems of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients in hospitel in Thailand: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kerdcharoen Nitchawan , Kirdchok Pantri , Wonglertwisawakorn Chayut , Naviganuntana Yingrat , Polruamngern Nongnuch , Chinvararak Chotiman 
Published: September 2022

Background There is evidence that patients with COVID-19 have a higher prevalence of mental health problems than the normal population. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental health problems and their associated factors in patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic in the hospitel in Thailand. Methods Mental health problems were evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 items, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The prevalence of mental health problems was presented by frequency and percentage. McNemar's test was used to compare the prevalence of mental health problems between day 1 and day 7. Binary logistic regression was used to identify potential predictors of mental health problems. Results A total of 186 participants (68.3% female; mean age = 37.21 years (SD 13.66) were recruited. The depression, anxiety, and stress rate on day 1 of admission was 26.9%, 32.3% and 25.8%, respectively. Having mild COVID-19 symptoms was a significantly associated factor with anxiety (OR=2.69, 95%CI: 1.05-6.89) and stress (OR=4.53, 95%CI: 1.32-15.55). Conclusions There was a high rate of mental health problems in COVID-19 patients. Detecting and managing mental health problems should be considered standard care for COVID-19 patients.