bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary study on the Effect of NPK (15-15-15) fertilizer and plastic mulch on growth and yield of three chili cultivars grown in field and pot conditions
Authors: Musah Nimatu H. , Nyarko G. , Dawuda M. M. 
Published: December 2022

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Black Plastic Mulch (BPM) and different rates of NPK (15:15:15) fertilizer on the growth and yield of three chili cultivars under field and protected cultivation. Two levels of mulch (BPM and no mulch), three levels of NPK (0, 200 and 300 kg/ha), and three cultivars “Demond F1” (DF1), “Legon 18” (L18), and “Shito Adope”, (SA) were used. Split application of half of each of the 200 and 300 kg/ha rates were applied two and four weeks after transplanting. Vegetative growth indices, soil moisture, and soil temperature were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after transplanting. The yield was calculated using AVRDC (1990) formula for chili pepper. The study revealed an increase in soil temperature and moisture under BPM for both studies. Also, 200 kg/ha NPK and BPM led to an increase in vegetative growth and yield for DF1 and SA. However, 300 kg/ha NPK decreased vegetative growth. In addition, there was no significant influence of BPM on the number of fruits harvested. However, for the pot study, BPM led to an increase in the number of fruits for “Legon 18” as compared to the other cultivars. The study, therefore, concludes that 200 kg/ha NPK was the best when cultivating DF1 and SA, for chili growth and development in the savannah ecological zone.
A STUDY OF INSTITUTIONAL DETERMINATION AND CONSOLIDATION IN PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW - THE CHAGOS CASE
Authors: KAYACAN Derya Nur 
Published: December 2022

Located in the middle of the Indian Ocean, the Chagos Archipelago has been subject to a sovereignty dispute between the United Kingdom and its former colony, Mauritius. Before Mauritius gained independence in 1968, the Chagos Archipelago was separated to establish the British Indian Ocean Territory. The main island in the archipelago, Diego Garcia, was leased to the United States and is home to a military base with 3.000 personnel. Mauritius has been challenging the detachment of the Chagos Archipelago, which it claims to be unlawful, by using international legal mechanisms available before it. After a journey that involved the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), Mauritius has achieved legal victory.
The ICJ’s Advisory Opinion determined that Mauritius’s right to self-determination within the context of decolonization was violated and the ITLOS Special Chamber consolidated this finding by acknowledging Mauritius as the sovereign of the Chagos Archipelago. While these decisions are admirable for upholding the right to self-determination, they have stretched the jurisdictional limits of each respective institution by ruling on a sovereignty dispute.
Modulação da razão sexual de Campoletis flavicincta (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) em criação artificial
Authors: Prado Ribeiro Leandro , Bastos Dequech Sônia Thereza , Pires da Silva Rogério Fernando , Fiuza Lidia Mariana 
Published: December 2022

Resumo - O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar procedimentos de criação capazes de alterar a razão sexual de Campoletis flavicincta (Hym., Ichneumonidae) em criações massais. Para isso, casais de C. flavicincta, com idade conhecida, foram individualizados e mantidos em condições controladas. Aos parasitoides foram ofertadas lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda (Lep., Noctuidae) nos seguintes procedimentos de criação, com referência, entre parêntesis, à razão sexual obtida: casais formados 24 horas antes de serem ofertadas as lagartas (0,18) e sem que houvesse período prévio (0,20); oferta de lagartas de 2º (0,19) ou 3º instar (0,18); e idade das fêmeas dos casais de parasitoides: 0-2 dias (0,19), entre 3-6 dias (0,22), de 7-10 dias (0,20) e com idade superior a 10 dias (0,13), sem, contudo, ocorrer diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. Ensaio complementar foi realizado, reunindo-se as condições que propiciaram uma maior proporção de fêmea: casais formados no momento da oferta, oferta de lagartas de se ínstar de S. frugiperda e as fêmeas do parasitoide com idade entre 3-6 dias. Nessas condições, registrou-se razão sexual média de 0,41, sem que fossem alteradas as características biológicas do parasitoide.
Screening of Antimicrobial Activity from Various Pharmaceutical Companies in Iraq
Authors: Atallah Ruaa M. , Al-Awadi Salwa J. , Kalaf Elham A. , Ghaneim Zainab J. , Fahad Maan A. 
Published: December 2022

An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial can be classified according to their function, it may be a microbicidal which is an agent that kill microbes, while those that only prevent and stops their growth are named biostatic. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of antimicrobial medication that once could successfully treat the microbe by killing or stop its growth. So with the resistance to the antibiotics becoming more and more common and worldwide resulting in need for screening the antimicrobial activity. So in this study we used an evaluation method which is used in many laboratories to screen the activity of antimicrobial agents obtained from a local company and a foreign company on standard microorganism which includes the following (Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aurous, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans) and pathogenic bacteria includes (Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aurous) which obtained from renal infections and tissue burns respectively. In conclusion the results show that the antibiotic manufactured in the local company Al-Razi in Iraq gave better effectiveness than other foreign companies and the reason for this difference may due to the active chemicals used in manufacturing the antibiotic or due to the manufacturing method.
Evaluation of Anti-GAD65 and HbA1c Prevalence among Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes of Some Iraqi Children
Authors: Awchi Diana Wajid , Rasool Suzan Nazar 
Published: December 2022

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune illness defined by the gradual and selective destruction pancreatic beta-cells throughout childhood or adolescents. Anti-Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (anti-GAD65) is circulating autoantibodies to insulin secreting pancreatic β-cells antigens, and considered as one of the islet cell autoimmunity markers. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) is a blood glucose monitoring measurement that is used as an indication of blood glucose average measurement over a period of several months. According to the significance of prior subjects and in order to have a greater understanding, this study is planned to evaluate the anti-GAD65 and HbA1c frequency and their association among T1DM children. One hundred of new onset T1DM patients consist of males and females with ages ranging from 1-15 years. Blood samples were collected for biochemical and immunological study. The present study results show anti-GAD65 in 87% were with mean concentration (69.03 IU/ml), 14% with mean concentration (3.8 IU/ml) of total T1DM patients. While the results of estimation of HbA1c level in the present study showed a total mean average of HbA1c was (11.22 %) in newly diagnosed T1DM patients. The association between anti-GAD65 and HbA1c showed that positive anti-GAD65 were with (11.75 %) mean level of HbA1c, in compared to (7.66 %) mean level of HbA1c in negative anti-GAD65 T1DM group and that HbA1c levels were significantly higher, according to statistical analysis in positive anti-GAD65 patients than in those who had negative anti-GAD65 at (P < 0.01), suggesting that autoimmunity was found to be involved in glycemic indices reflected by HbA1c levels particularly among very young children who had been developed type 1 diabetes.
A New Technology for Reducing Dynamic Power Consumption in 8-Bit ALU Design
Authors: Hameed Ahmed Lateef , Hameed Maan , Hasan Raed Abdulkareem 
Published: December 2022

Clock gating is an effective way to decrease dissipated power in synchronous design. The most effective way to do this is by masking the clock that turns toward the unused part of design. In this paper, a comparative evaluation of power consumption in existing clock gating techniques in Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) design was achieved. an innovative signal clock gating method offers extra immunity in the direction of the present issue in an accessible mechanism. A Gated Clock Generation designs using a tri-state connection and logic gate, generated by the set of bubbled input with NAND gate, is used for the latest suggested clock gating. This design saves power even when the clock is at applying to the target module. Complete power analysis reveals that the proposed technique has an effect on the dynamic power that decreases total power consumption up to 24.90% relative to traditional power. All experiments are done in arithmetic logic unit design. 130 nm standard logic libraries have been used for implementation in order to achieve ALU frameworks. The ALU design architecture was developed using the Verilog HDL, and the simulations are performed utilizing ModelSim-Altera 10.0c (Quartus II 11.1) Starter Version.
Preparation of Phosphate Coating Solution to Increase the Corrosion Resistance of Carbon Steel in Ambient Conditions
Authors: Ali Dhafer Fezaa , Abdulkarim Abdullah Adnan , Mahdi Yosra Mohammed , Ahmad Omar Akram 
Published: December 2022

In this work, different zinc phosphating solutions were prepared using sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and nickel carbonate (NiCO3) as accelerators. NaNO3 concentration was ranged from 20 to 80 g/L. While the NiCO3 concentration ranged from 1 to 15 g/L. To identify the interactions between the NaNO3and NiCO3, mixed accelerators were also investigated. Corrosion inspection of the metal surface was tested using potentiostatic experiments. Portable camera microscope was used to capture the surface images of coated samples. The experimental investigations revealed that the immersion time of 10 min significantly enhanced the corrosion tendency of all accelerators. It was noticed that the corrosion resistance was enhanced with more concentration of NaNO3in the phosphate solution and reached their maximum protection at 80 g/L. While 1 g/L of NiCO3 in solution (which represents the lower value), exhibited higher protection against corrosion. Mixed accelerators resulted in smaller grain size with lower corrosion current (1.83 mA) at 80 g/L and 5 g/L of NaNO3 and NiCO3, respectively. It was also found that chromic acid concentration significantly affected the corrosion resistance.
. مغربی ممالک میں اسلاموفوبیا کا بڑھتا ہوا رجحان، اسباب، اثرات اور تدارک، اطلاقی جائزہ
Authors: Barvi Muhammad Mehrban , Rehman Ata u 
Published: December 2022

When the Ottoman Caliphate fell in the last century The map of the Islamic world changed and the major countries were divided into small states. The Muslims turned to the West to live in it. They flocked to become among the minorities in Europe and America.
Nevertheless, most of them adhered to what they carried of religion, civilization and culture. This is in addition to the rise of some Islamic movements in Islamic countries. This is what prompted the West and its thinkers to fear the renaissance of Islam and the unity of Islamists again, and then their control over the land from what preceded in the past centuries
Hence, Western writings have continued to search and investigate the necessary waysIn order to surround and limit Islam and warn of the dangers expected from it , most of these studies were not free from fabrications and claims.Researches and works have been serialized from the West, and they are modern in form and outdated in content.
Many books, letters, and magazines came under the name Islamophobia, but most of them searched for some aspects of the subject and did not contain it in all its forms. Therefore, we tried to comprehend the aspects of the subject in this brief research and clarify what are the reasons for the West's fear of Islam? And what are the facts? What is the treatment for this problem etc.
CHANGES IN TEXTURAL PROPERTIES AND COLOR DUE TO THE PROCESSING METHOD OF GREEN COFFEA ARABICA
Authors: Polakova Katari­na , Bobková Alica , Demianová Alžbeta , Belej Ľubomír , Jurčaga Lukáš , Bobko Marek , Mesárošová Andrea , Žiak Miroslav 
Published: December 2022

Choosing a suitable method of green coffee beans processing is one of the first steps that can significantly affect the final product. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate how the processing method affects the selected observed parameters (dry matter, water activity, pH, hardness, color). The postharvest processing of coffee cherries involves natural dry, semi-washed, or wet processing. On-farm postharvest coffee processing is essential for ensuring high quality of coffee cup and constitutes a chain of interlinked phases mainly aimed at removing the cherries' mucilage and drying the beans to a low moisture content of 10 to 12% (mass/mass). The coffee samples were of American origin Coffea arabica. A total of 12 samples from multiple regions were used. Samples of Coffea arabica were collected into three groups natural (dry), pulped natural (semi-washed), and wet processing (fully washed). The processing results, to some extent, influence the values ​​​​of the monitored parameters. The highest dry matter value was indicated in dry processing, and the highest value of water activity was in wet processing. The average value of pH was 5.74. Natural processing showed the most significant differences between individual groups concerning color processing. On the other hand, wet and dry processing showed very similar colors. Values of hardness were in range 86549.05 - 100674.90 g. The final quality of the green coffee beans is thus dependent on the different agricultural, and farm practices applied, which depend on the coffee plant cultivar, geography, weather conditions, and available infrastructure.
Neutralising Tendency in Subtitling Chinese Culture-Specific References into English
Authors: Sun Xichen 
Published: December 2022

Culture-specific references (hereafter CSRs) feature prominently in films by Chinese fifth- and sixth-generation directors. Based on the observation of 25 English-subtitled Chinese films made by four directors between 1984 and 2017, this paper identifies that the CSRs in the original Chinese dialogue are neutralised in their English subtitles through various translation strategies. The CSRs examined in this study encompass CSRs of customs in Zhang Yimou’s films, CSRs of local arts in Chen Kaige’s films, slang in Jia Zhangke’s films, and humour in Feng Xiaogang’s films, respectively embodying the quintessence of each director’s filmmaking style. A textual analysis is conducted to demonstrate how and why the neutralising tendency emerges in subtitling these Chinese CSRs. It is revealed that the strategies of explicitation, substitution, transposition, compensation and omission are employed to neutralise the CSRs. From a linguistic perspective, such a neutralising tendency can be attributed to the lack of equivalence in English culture, the polysemy of the Chinese CSRs, the compactness of the Chinese language, and sometimes the mistaken intralingual Chinese subtitles. As a constrained translation activity, the subtitling itself aggravates the neutralisation of the CSRs due to technical constraints and target audience considerations. As these films are representative Chinese films, the neutralisation indicates a product norm on the best practice of subtitling high-profile Chinese films. Meanwhile, it is a linguistic explanation for the cultural discount in translating Chinese audiovisual productions (Díaz-Cintas & Zhang, 2022).
SISTEM KENDALI ROBOT SUMO MENGGUNAKAN BLUETOOTH BERBASIS SMARTPHONE ANDOID
Authors: Deno Denosaputra 
Published: December 2022

Olahraga yang dilakukan saat ini tidak hanya dilakukan oleh manusia saja melainkan sudah masuk ikut campur tangan dari teknologi salah satunya adalah teknologi robotika, Salah satu kompetisinya adalah kompetisi robot sumo, Permasalahan dari pembuatan robot sumo ini membuat aplikasi Smartphone android yang dapat dikendalikan dari jarak jauh. Dan mecari efisiensi penggunaan bluetooth Hc-05, Tujuan dari pembuatan robot sumo ini yaitu dapat bergerak secara manual melalui aplikasi smartphone android dengan koneksi bluetooth Hc-05, dan dapat digerakan untuk menyerang musuh serta mendorang musuh keluar arena, sehingga funsional dari robot tersebut mirip dengan pegulat sumo dan setelah itu dapat diikutsertakan dalam kompetisi. Robot sumo ini mengunakan mikrokontroler arduino nano sebagai otak dari robot sumo, dan bluetooth Hc-05 sebagai penghubung ke smartphone android, Hasil dari pembuatan dan pengujian dari robot sumo sudah mendapatkan hasil yang cukup memuaskan, Robot sumo akan terkoneksi pada jarak 1 meter sampai 12 meter. Kesimpulan dari pembuatan robot sumo ini robot dapat bergerak sesuai instruksi yang diberikan melalui smartphone dan juga dapat menghindari hal – hal yang tidak di inginkan seperti pembacaan sensor yang eror karena semua gerak robot sumo sudah diatur oleh penggunanya.

Kata Kunci : Smartphone android, Arduino nano, Bluetooth Hc-05, Driver motor
L298N, motor DC.
Analisa Sentimen Opini Publik Tentang Vaksinasi Covid-19 di Indonesia Menggunakan Naïve bayes dan Decission Tree
Authors: Harun Ahmad , Putri Ananda Dea 
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 adalah penyakit baru yang dilaporkan di Wuhan China pada Desember 2019. Berdasarkan dari www.covid19.go.id, di Indonesia per tanggal 20 Januari 2021 terdapat 939 ribu lebih kasus dan sebanyak lebih dari 26 ribu kasus yang mengakibatakan kematian. Pesatnya penyebaran COVID-19 dan bahaya yang ditimbulkan, pemerintahan Indonesia melakukan pencegahan dengan vaksinisasi yang informasinya sudah tersebar diberbagai media sosial, diantarnya ialah facebook page yang dimiliki oleh Kementrian Kesehatan. Facebook page yang memiliki fitur komentar pada postingannya, belum dapat menentukan besar sentimen pengguna tehadap komentar postif atau negatif secara otomatis. Analisa sentimen merupakan bagian dari teks mining untuk pengelompokan polaritas teks dalam mengetahui polaritas suatu opini yang diberikan bersifat positif atau negatif menggunakan algoritma tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan hasil opini masyarakat tentang analisa sentimen vaksinasi COVID-19 menggunakan algoritma Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) dan Decision Tree serta membandingkan tingkat akurasi kedua algoritma tersebut. Hasil penelitian analisa sentimen opini masyarakat tentang vaksinasi COVID-19 yang telah dilakukan, cenderung ke tanggapan negatif dengan nilai akurasi 100.00% menggunakan algoritma NBC dan 50.39% menggunakan algoritma Decision Tree.
Algoritma Winnowing untuk Mendeteksi Kesamaan Judul Skripsi Teknik Informatika
Authors: Peka Rihi Mega , Pekuwali Arini Aha , Sitaniapessy Desy Asnath 
Published: December 2022

Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini sangat pesat hampir disegala aspek kehidupan manusia seperti bidang pendidikan. Salah satu contoh hasil dari perkembangan teknologi informasi dalam bidang pendidikan adalah sistem informasi pengelolaan skripsi pada perguruan tinggi. Pengajuan judul skripsi di Program Studi (Prodi) Teknik Informatika Universitas Kristen Wira Wacana Sumba, dilakukan dengan cara berdiskusi dengan ketua program studi dan menyerahkan judul skripsi untuk melihat kesamaan judul dengan judul skripsi yang sudah pernah diajukan sebelumnya. Informasi mengenai judul skripsi mahasiswa sebelumnya belum dapat diakses dengan cepat. Hal ini dikarenakan Prodi hanya mempunyai satu tabulasi data untuk menyimpan judul skripsi sehingga Prodi harus mengecek satu persatu judul skripsi dan juga mahasiswa tidak bisa mengakses drive untuk mengetahui judul skripsi yang pernah diajukan sebelumnya sehingga mahasiswa harus mengecek ulang file-file pengumuman terkait judul skripsi sebelumnya. Untuk itu perlu dirancang sistem informasi pengajuan judul skripsi dengan penerapan algoritma winnowing untuk membantu mendeteksi kesamaan judul skripsi yang diajukan oleh mahasiswa, sehingga program studi dapat mengambil keputusan dalam menerima judul skripsi mahasiswa dengan memperhatikan tingkat persentase kesamaan judul skripsi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Program Studi Teknik Informatika Universitas Kriten Wira Wacana Sumba. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode waterfall dengan tahap analisis, desain, implementasi dan pengujian.
The Role of Teachers of Social Sciences as Role Models in Shaping Student Ethics at Smpn 1 Talun Cirebon
Authors: Malahayati Tikah 
Published: December 2022

The focus of this study is the probelm of studens’ ethics in communicating, which can be seen from the factors that support and inhibit social studies teachers in shaping students’ communication ethics. This study uses a qualitative type of research using a descriptive approach which will be described in depth from the results of exploration during the study. The subjects of this study were social studies teachers for class VIII-i, school principals, and students of class VIII-i. The data collection techniques used for this research are observation, data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the communication ethics of class VIII-i students at SMPN 1 Talun Cirebon Regency was considered good, although it was not said to be optimal, but students were able to be flexsible with the conditions they faced. The role of the social studies teacher as a role model in shaping the ethics of class VIII-i students at SMPN 1 Talun Cirebon Regency has been carried out potimally as is the position of a teacher who carries out his rights and obligations as an educator, teaches, guides, gives moral messages and as a facilitator. This role has a positive impact on the teaching and learning process (KBM) and daily activity habits such as 5S (smile, greeting, greeting, politeness, courtesy). Factors that hinder students communication ethics are the detachment of supervision and influence from peers, geographical location and lack of cooperation between parents and teachers. The driving factors are language discipline in schools, encouragament and familiy factors that support children’s development to become better.
Reconciliation of Mining Planning and Realization at Pit 4 Pt Adimitra Baratama Nusantara Subcontractor
Authors: Eunike Eunike Celine Siregar , Windhu Windhu Nugroho , Tommy Tommy Trides 
Published: December 2022

PT. RPP Contractors Indonesia implements open-pit mining with open pit mining methods. Which has a coal mining production target in June 2021 of 111,800 tons of coal and overburden stripping of 1,596,278 BCM. However, mining realization often experiences discrepancies every month, therefore research is needed to analyze the differences in mining planning and realization, the factors that cause differences, and efforts that can be made to minimize the mismatch of mining planning to the realization of mining. Reconciliation is finding a way to create two different ideas, facts, etc. The research method conducted is to match the mining planning in June 2021 with the actual mining in June 2021 to get the percentage of the mining match. From the results of the study, it is known that in June 2021 the achievement of mining according to planning is 111,800 tons of coal and 1,596,278 BCM overburden. And from observations, the causes of the difference between planning and realization in the field are the number of inappropriate fleets, the productivity of unsuitable tools, and less than optimal representation. Therefore, efforts are needed to minimize these discrepancies by increasing effective working time and increasing supervision.