bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased pain catastrophizing longitudinally predicts worsened pain severity and interference in patients with chronic pain and cancer: A collaborative health outcomes information registry study (CHOIR)
Authors: Wilson Jenna M. , Schreiber Kristin L. , Mackey Sean , Flowers K. Mikayla , Darnall Beth D. , Edwards Robert R. , Azizoddin Desiree R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about how changes in psychosocial factors impact changes in pain outcomes among patients with cancer and chronic pain. This longitudinal cohort study of cancer patients investigated the relationships between changes in psychosocial factors and changes in pain severity and interference over time.MethodsData from patients with cancer and chronic pain (n = 316) treated at a tertiary pain clinic were prospectively collected. At their baseline visit (Time 1), patients provided demographic and clinical information, and completed validated psychosocial and pain assessments. Psychosocial and pain assessments were repeated at a follow‐up visit (Time 2), on average 4.9 months later. Change scores (Time 2‐Time 1) were computed for psychosocial and pain variables. Multivariable hierarchical linear regressions assessed the associations between changes in psychosocial factors with changes in pain outcomes over time.ResultsParticipants were an average age of 59 years, were 61% female, and 69% White. Overall, a decrease in pain severity (p ≤ 0.001), but not pain interference, was observed among the group over time. In multivariable analyses, increased pain catastrophizing was significantly associated with increased pain severity over time (β = 0.24, p ≤ 0.001). Similarly, increased pain catastrophizing (β = 0.21, p ≤ 0.001) and increased depression (β = 0.20, p ≤ 0.003) were significantly associated with increased pain interference over time. Demographic and clinical characteristics were not significantly related to changes in pain outcomes.ConclusionsIncreased pain catastrophizing was uniquely associated with increased chronic pain severity and interference. Our findings indicate that cancer patients with chronic pain would likely benefit from the incorporation of nonpharmacological interventions, simultaneously addressing pain and psychological symptoms.
The utility of glucose area under the curve from the oral glucose tolerance test as a screening tool for cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes
Authors: Gileles‐Hillel Alex , Soesman Liora H. , Miari Silwan , Breuer Oded , Tsabari Reuven , Elyashar‐Earon Hila , Armoni Shoshana , Sprikkelman Aline B. , Reiter Joel , Zangen David , Lavi Eran , Kerem Eitan , Cohen‐Cymberknoh Malena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsistently abnormal glucose levels on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are the most effective screening tool for cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes (CFRD). However, some cystic fibrosis (CF) patients demonstrate abnormal glucose profiles not reaching levels required for CFRD diagnosis and are, therefore, left untreated. Since CFRD is associated with disease deterioration, early diagnosis and treatment are desirable.AimTo explore the association between the area under the curve of glucose (G‐AUC) obtained during a five‐point 2‐h standard OGTT and CF disease severity parameters.MethodsAll CF patients referred for an annual routine OGTT at the Hadassah CF Center between 2002 and 2018, were included. Disease severity parameters were correlated with the G‐AUC.ResultsTwo hundred forty‐two OGTTs were performed in 81 patients (mean age 19.7 ± 9.0 years); 54% were normal, 14% showed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 5% had values in the indeterminate range (INDET), 11% had both IGT and INDET and 16% were diagnosed with CFRD. A gradual increase in mean G‐AUC was observed among the groups. In multivariate regression models, G‐AUC ≥ 295 mg h/dl was independently associated with an increased number of pulmonary exacerbations (PEx). Not all the patients having this value met the CFRD definition.ConclusionPatients who do not fulfill the criteria for CFRD may have abnormal glucose metabolism identifiable by abnormally high G‐AUC values, which may be associated with more PEx. The potential advantage of treating these patients with insulin and the subsequent reduction in PEx needs further investigation.
Performance of Cox proportional hazard models on recovering the ground truth of confounded exposure–response relationships for large‐molecule oncology drugs
Authors: Poon Victor , Lu Dan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA Cox proportional hazard (CoxPH) model is conventionally used to assess exposure–response (E–R), but its performance to uncover the ground truth when only one dose level of data is available has not been systematically evaluated. We established a simulation workflow to generate realistic E–R datasets to assess the performance of the CoxPH model in recovering the E–R ground truth in various scenarios, considering two potential reasons for the confounded E–R relationship. We found that at high doses, when the pharmacological effects are largely saturated, missing important confounders is the major reason for inferring false‐positive E–R relationships. At low doses, when a positive E–R slope is the ground truth, either missing important confounders or mis‐specifying the interactions can lead to inaccurate estimates of the E–R slope. This work constructed a simulation workflow generally applicable to clinical datasets to generate clinically relevant simulations and provide an in‐depth interpretation on the E–R relationships with confounders inferred by the conventional CoxPH model.
Sensitivity analyses for the principal ignorability assumption using multiple imputation
Authors: Wang Craig , Zhang Yufen , Mealli Fabrizia , Bornkamp Björn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the context of clinical trials, there is interest in the treatment effect for subpopulations of patients defined by intercurrent events, namely disease‐related events occurring after treatment initiation that affect either the interpretation or the existence of endpoints. With the principal stratum strategy, the ICH E9(R1) guideline introduces a formal framework in drug development for defining treatment effects in such subpopulations. Statistical estimation of the treatment effect can be performed based on the principal ignorability assumption using multiple imputation approaches. Principal ignorability is a conditional independence assumption that cannot be directly verified; therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the robustness of results to deviations from this assumption. As a sensitivity analysis, we propose a joint model that multiply imputes the principal stratum membership and the outcome variable while allowing different levels of violation of the principal ignorability assumption. We illustrate with a simulation study that the joint imputation model‐based approaches are superior to naive subpopulation analyses. Motivated by an oncology clinical trial, we implement the sensitivity analysis on a time‐to‐event outcome to assess the treatment effect in the subpopulation of patients who discontinued due to adverse events using a synthetic dataset. Finally, we explore the potential usage and provide interpretation of such analyses in clinical settings, as well as possible extension of such models in more general cases.
Catastrophic pulmonary haemorrhage after endobronchial biopsy of necrotic lung mass
Authors: Partridge Devan , Eilert Randy , Newton Felecia A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlexible bronchoscopy (FB) is instrumental in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory illness, with low rates of bleeding post‐procedure but unpredictable degrees of severity. Although exceedingly rare, massive pulmonary haemorrhage after FB is often catastrophic. We present a case of massive pulmonary haemorrhage after endobronchial biopsy of a 67‐year‐old patient with a prior diagnosis of right upper lobe (RUL) necrotic lung mass. Imaging revealed possible lymphangitic carcinomatosis and tumour invasion into the lymphatics and vasculature. Significant RUL tumour burden was visualized during the procedure, however, routine endobronchial biopsy resulted in massive pulmonary haemorrhage leading to pulseless electrical activity. Prevention of massive pulmonary haemorrhage may be possible with identification of known risk factors. Catastrophic outcomes from massive pulmonary haemorrhage remain high despite current therapies. Further studies identifying modifiable risk factors, treatment protocols, and the formulation of a multi‐disciplinary action plan could prove lifesaving.
Deep learning algorithm outperforms experienced human observer at detection of blue whale D‐calls: a double‐observer analysis
Authors: Miller Brian S. , Madhusudhana Shyam , Aulich Meghan G. , Kelly Nat 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn automated algorithm for passive acoustic detection of blue whale D‐calls was developed based on established deep learning methods for image recognition via the DenseNet architecture. The detector was trained on annotated acoustic recordings from the Antarctic, and performance of the detector was assessed by calculating precision and recall using a separate independent dataset also from the Antarctic. Detections from both the human analyst and automated detector were then inspected by an independent judge to identify any calls missed by either approach and to adjudicate whether the apparent false‐positive detections from the automated approach were actually true positives. A final performance assessment was conducted using double‐observer methods (via a closed‐population Huggins mark–recapture model) to assess the probability of detection of calls by both the human analyst and automated detector, based on the assumption of false‐positive‐free adjudicated detections. According to our double‐observer analysis, the automated detector showed superior performance with higher recall and fewer false positives than the original human analyst, and with performance similar to existing top automated detectors. To understand the performance of both detectors we inspected the time‐series and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of detections for the test dataset, and found that most of the advantages from the automated detector occurred at low and medium SNR.
Metal‐Loaded Biochar for the Removal of Arsenic from Water: A Critical Review on Overall Effectiveness, Governing Mechanisms, and Influential Factors
Authors: Srivastava Vartika , Karim Ansaf V. , Babu Davuluri Syam , Nidheesh Puthiya Veetil , Kumar Manukonda Suresh , Gao Bin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArsenic (As) contamination in water sources is a serious threat to safe drinking water afflicting many developed and developing nations. Among the different water treatment techniques, arsenic removal using metal‐loaded biochar has gained considerable interest as an efficient environmentally sustainable adsorbent. This review critically focuses on an in‐depth analysis of different adsorption mechanisms and various physicochemical properties such as pH, surface area and surface charge, porosity, and functional groups of the metal‐loaded biochar that are significant for As adsorption, which has not been previously described. It centers on addressing the overall effectiveness, governing mechanisms, and influential factors of metal‐loaded biochars for As removal from the aqueous medium. Special consideration on oxidation of arsenite to arsente and its removal was given. The oxidation processes are also effective in reducing arsenic toxicity by oxidation of arsenite to arsenate. A comprehensive insight into the utility of biochar for As removal for future field applications of biochar is delineated.
Nanoparticle Tracking in Single‐Antiresonant‐Element Fiber for High‐Precision Size Distribution Analysis of Mono‐ and Polydisperse Samples
Authors: Nissen Mona , Förster Ronny , Wieduwilt Torsten , Lorenz Adrian , Jiang Shiqi , Hauswald Walter , Schmidt Markus A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccurate determination of the size distribution of nanoparticle ensembles remains a challenge in nanotechnology‐related applications due to the limitations of established methods. Here, a microstructured fiber‐assisted nanoparticle tracking analysis (FaNTA) realization is introduced that breaks existing limitations through the recording of exceptionally long trajectories of rapidly diffusing polydisperse nanoparticles, resulting in excellent sizing precision and unprecedented separation capabilities of bimodal nanoparticle mixtures. An effective‐single‐mode antiresonant‐element fiber allows to efficiently confine nanoparticles in a light‐guiding microchannel and individually track them over more than 1000 frames, while aberration‐free imaging is experimentally confirmed by cross‐correlation analysis. Unique features of the approach are (i) the highly precise determination of the size distribution of monodisperse nanoparticle ensembles (only 7% coefficient of variation) and (ii) the accurate characterization of individual components in a bimodal mixture with very close mean diameters, both experimentally demonstrated for polymer nanospheres. The outstanding performance of the FaNTA realization can be quantified by introducing a new model for the bimodal separation index. Since FaNTA is applicable to all types of nano‐objects down to sub‐20 nm diameters, the method will improve the precision standard of mono‐ and polydisperse nanoparticle samples such as nano‐plastics or extracellular vesicles.
Photo‐Enhanced Magnesium‐Ion Capacitors Using Photoactive Electrodes
Authors: Park Sul Ki , Boruah Buddha Deka , Pujari Arvind , Kim Byung‐Man , De Volder Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOff‐grid power sources are becoming increasingly important for applications ranging from autonomous sensor networks to fighting energy poverty. Interactions of light with certain classes of battery and capacitor materials have recently gained attention to enhance the rate performance or to even charge energy storage devices directly with light. Interestingly, these devices have the potential to reduce the volume and cost of autonomous power sources. Here, a light‐enhanced magnesium (Mg)‐ion capacitor is shown. The latter is interesting because of the large natural abundance of Mg and its ability to operate in low cost and non‐flammable aqueous electrolytes. Photoelectrodes using a combination of vanadium dioxide and reduced graphene oxide can achieve capacitance enhancements of up to 56% under light exposure alongside a 21% higher energy density of 20.5 mAh kg‐1.
Fluids and flows in brain cancer and neurological disorders
Authors: Jin Peng , Munson Jennifer M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInterstitial fluid (IF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are an integral part of the brain, serving to cushion and protect the brain parenchymal cells against damage and aid in their function. The brain IF contains various ions, nutrients, waste products, peptides, hormones, and neurotransmitters. IF moves primarily by pressure‐dependent bulk flow through brain parenchyma, draining into the ventricular CSF. The brain ventricles and subarachnoid spaces are filled with CSF which circulates through the perivascular spaces. It also flows into the IF space regulated, in part, by aquaporin channels, removing waste solutes through a process of IF‐CSF mixing. During disease development, the composition, flow, and volume of these fluids changes and can lead to brain cell dysfunction. With the improvement of imaging technology and the help of genomic profiling, more information has been and can be obtained from brain fluids; however, the role of CSF and IF in brain cancer and neurobiological disease is still limited. Here we outline recent advances of our knowledge of brain fluid flow in cancer and neurodegenerative disease based on our understanding of its dynamics and composition.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Biomedical Engineering
Neurological Diseases > Biomedical Engineering
Preventing Suicide in Youth with Intellectual and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Lessons Learned and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Johanning-Gray Katie , Vandana Pankhuree , Wynn Jacqueline , Hamel-Lambert Jane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPreventing suicide in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other intellectual and neurodevelopmental disorders (INDs) is a critical issue. In the USA, the overall number of individuals living with ASD and other developmental disabilities has been increasing in prevalence; in 2014 the prevalence of children ever diagnosed with any developmental disability was 5.76%, and this increased to 6.99% by 2016 (Zablotsky et al., 2017). Concurrent with the rise in IND prevalence is a troubling rise in the rates of suicide, with suicide now being the second leading cause of death among those between the ages of 10 and 24 in the USA (CDC, 2020). Due to gaps in our existing knowledge including a lack of validated assessment tools and suicide-specific treatments for these youth, researchers and clinicians alike grapple with how to prevent suicide in individuals with INDs. This chapter explores the evidence regarding the prevalence of suicidal ideation and behavior in this population and discusses lessons learned during the implementation of suicide prevention policies within programs serving patients with INDs at a large pediatric hospital setting.
Ensemble of models shows coherent response of a reservoir’s stratification and ice cover to climate warming
Authors: Feldbauer Johannes , Ladwig Robert , Mesman Jorrit P. , Moore Tadhg N. , Zündorf Hilke , Berendonk Thomas U. , Petzoldt Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWater temperature, ice cover, and lake stratification are important physical properties of lakes and reservoirs that control mixing as well as bio-geo-chemical processes and thus influence the water quality. We used an ensemble of vertical one-dimensional hydrodynamic lake models driven with regional climate projections to calculate water temperature, stratification, and ice cover under the A1B emission scenario for the German drinking water reservoir Lichtenberg. We used an analysis of variance method to estimate the contributions of the considered sources of uncertainty on the ensemble output. For all simulated variables, epistemic uncertainty, which is related to the model structure, is the dominant source throughout the simulation period. Nonetheless, the calculated trends are coherent among the five models and in line with historical observations. The ensemble predicts an increase in surface water temperature of 0.34 K per decade, a lengthening of the summer stratification of 3.2 days per decade, as well as decreased probabilities of the occurrence of ice cover and winter inverse stratification by 2100. These expected changes are likely to influence the water quality of the reservoir. Similar trends are to be expected in other reservoirs and lakes in comparable regions.
Management of juvenile and aneurysmal bone cysts: a systematic literature review with meta-analysis
Authors: Strohm Jonas A. , Strohm Peter C. , Kühle Jan , Schmal Hagen , Zwingmann Jörn 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Numerous approaches to the management of juvenile and aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are described in the specialist literature together with discussion of the associated healing and recurrence rates. Since there is currently no evidence-based treatment standard for these conditions, the aim of this systematic literature review with meta-analysis was to examine the different management approaches, evaluate the corresponding clinical outcomes and, as appropriate, to formulate a valid treatment recommendation.

Methods
A systematic search on OVID Medline® based on a pre-existing search strategy returned 1333 publications. Having defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and analysis of the relevant full texts, 167 publications were included in the descriptive analysis and 163 in the meta-analysis. For this purpose, different subgroups were created, based on the type of cyst and the therapeutic procedure. Those subgroups were then analysed in relation to their healing rates, the number of recurrences and complication rates.

Results
For aneurysmal bone cysts, both surgical removal and Doxycycline injection lead to excellent outcomes (98% healing) and low recurrence rates (6% and 11% resp.). Curettage (91% healing), including its combination with autologous cancellous bone graft (96% healing), showed very good healing rates but higher recurrence rates (22% and 15%, resp.), which were however improved by preoperative selective arterial embolization. A critical view must be taken of radiotherapy (90% healing) and the injection of alcohol (92% healing) because of their high complication rates (0.43/cyst and 0.42/cyst, resp.). In the management of juvenile bone cysts, surgical interventions like curettage and cancellous bone graft (87% healing) are far superior to non-surgical approaches (51% healing), furthermore, the application of autologous cancellous bone graft reduced the recurrence rate (3% recurrence) compared to curettage alone (20% recurrence). In subgroup analysis, treatment by ESIN was found to produce excellent outcomes (100% healing), though the patient collectives were small.

Conclusion
Surgical procedures to treat aneurysmal bone cysts appear to be the method of choice whereby Doxycycline injection may be an alternative. A surgical approach should be preferred in the treatment of juvenile bone cysts.
Plastic and other anthropogenic debris in Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) faeces from Iceland
Authors: Technau Birte , Unnsteinsdóttir Ester Rut , Schaafsma Fokje L. , Kühn Susanne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic debris, including plastic pollution, is a growing concern in the Arctic and negatively impacts both marine and coastal organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for using Arctic fox(Vulpes lagopus)faeces as a monitoring tool for plastic pollution in the Arctic environment. Arctic fox faeces were collected in different regions of Iceland and analysed for anthropogenic debris presence larger than 300 µm, and diet composition. In total, 235 faecal samples from 1999, 2017, 2018 and 2020 were analysed. The overall frequency of occurrence of plastic and other anthropogenic material was 5.11% and was found in samples across all regions and years. There were no statistical differences in anthropogenic debris ingested, depending on year or region. There were no obvious differences in diet composition between samples that contained anthropogenic debris and samples without. The suitability of Arctic fox faeces as a method to monitor plastic and anthropogenic debris levels in the Arctic environment remains debatable: Whilst the vast distribution range of the Arctic fox and the non-invasive collection methodology of faecal samples could be utilised as a good monitoring tool, the overall low uptake and unclear source of plastic and anthropogenic debris (marine or terrestrial) makes the interpretation of the data difficult. Nevertheless, debris ingestion by Arctic foxes remains a concern and warrants further studies.