bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content features and its implementation in novel app-based psycho-oncological interventions for cancer survivors: a narrative review
Authors: Springer Franziska , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
The interest in and availability of app-based psycho-oncological interventions for cancer survivors has grown rapidly. In this narrative review, we therefore aim to provide an overview of the psychological content features included in psycho-oncological apps and how the content is implemented in the apps.

Recent findings
A total of 19 studies (six randomized controlled trials, six studies with prepost design, five study protocols and two app developments), all published in the last 18 months (July 2020 to December 2021), were analyzed in terms of the described app-based interventions and their psycho-oncological content. Apps for cancer survivors are conducted for a variety of different diagnoses and often target a specific patient population, for example patients with a specific therapy. The most frequent content features are psychoeducation, self-monitoring of symptoms, and some sort of exercise or relaxation program. Depending on the app's purpose, some offer specific content, such as decision aids, medication schedules or modules to improve coping strategies. Most apps combine informative and interactive elements.

Summary
Psycho-oncological apps for cancer survivors target many relevant psychological problem areas and aim to improve patient empowerment. Available mHealth interventions can therefore be seen as a good complement for cancer care and also offer the possibility to improve patient involvement.
Immunotherapy of sarcomas with modified T cells
Authors: Mahalingam Preethika , Julve Maximilian , Huang Paul , Furness Andrew J.S. , Pollack Seth M. , Jones Robin L. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
To summarize the development of modified T-cell therapies in sarcomas and discuss relevant published and ongoing clinical trials to date.

Recent findings
Numerous clinical trials are underway evaluating tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells and high affinity T-cell receptor (TCR)-transduced T cells in sarcomas. Notably, translocation-dependent synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma are the subject of several phase II trials evaluating TCRs targeting cancer testis antigens New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) and melanoma antigen-A4 (MAGE A4), and response rates of up to 60% have been observed for NY-ESO-1 directed, modified T cells in synovial sarcoma. Challenges posed by modified T-cell therapy include limitations conferred by HLA-restriction, non-immunogenic tumor microenvironments (TME), aggressive lymphodepletion and immune-mediated toxicities restricting coinfusion of cytokines.

Summary
Cellular therapy to augment the adaptive immune response through delivery of modified T cells is an area of novel therapeutic development in sarcomas where a reliably expressed, ubiquitous target antigen can be identified. Therapeutic tools to improve the specificity, signaling, proliferation and persistence of modified TCRs and augment clinical responses through safe manipulation of the sarcoma TME will be necessary to harness the full potential of this approach.
First and further-line multidisciplinary treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas
Authors: D’Ambrosio Lorenzo , Van Houdt Winan , Stelmes Jean-Jacques , Gronchi Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
To review current knowledge and recent advances in retroperitoneal sarcoma management.

Recent findings
Surgery, radiotherapy, and medical treatments of retroperitoneal sarcomas should take into account the peculiarities of each histotype and the unique anatomical site. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment and the only chance of cure for these diseases. In low-grade retroperitoneal sarcomas, like well differentiated liposarcoma, where the leading cause of death is dominated by local rather than distant relapses, treatment of the primary tumor encompasses extended surgery with multiorgan resection and evaluation of preoperative radiotherapy. Conversely, surgery is usually more conservative and without radiotherapy in those retroperitoneal sarcomas, such as leiomyosarcoma, characterized by a high risk of metastatic spread that prompted also the evaluation of neoadjuvant, histotype-driven chemotherapy. Surgery might have a role also for relapsed disease, despite long-term disease control probability declines at each recurrence. In advanced stages, anthracyclines still retain a key role and all medical treatment strategies should follow the specific chemosensitivity of each histotype to improve patient's outcomes.

Summary
The rarity and heterogeneity in biological behavior and clinical presentation of retroperitoneal sarcomas deserves a multidisciplinary and histotype-driven treatment at all stages of the disease to be performed in highly specialized centers.
Neoantigens in precision cancer immunotherapy: from identification to clinical applications
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Jia Qingzhu , Zhang Jing , Zhu Bo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting cancer neoantigens are safe, effective, and precise. Neoantigens can be identified mainly by genomic techniques such as next-generation sequencing and high-throughput single-cell sequencing; proteomic techniques such as mass spectrometry; and bioinformatics tools based on high-throughput sequencing data, mass spectrometry data, and biological databases. Neoantigen-related therapies are widely used in clinical practice and include neoantigen vaccines, neoantigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and neoantigen-pulsed dendritic cells. In addition, neoantigens can be used as biomarkers to assess immunotherapy response, resistance, and prognosis. Therapies based on neoantigens are an important and promising branch of cancer immunotherapy. Unremitting efforts are needed to unravel the comprehensive role of neoantigens in anti-tumor immunity and to extend their clinical application. This review aimed to summarize the progress in neoantigen research and to discuss its opportunities and challenges in precision cancer immunotherapy.
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation of the Supraclavicular Nerve to the Motor Branch of the Omohyoid Muscle in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Procedures
Authors: Bombardelli Joao , Farhat Souha , De la Fuente Hagopian Alexa , Echo Anthony 
Published: July 2022

Summary:
Transection of the supraclavicular nerve (SCN) through supraclavicular incisions can lead to debilitating neuroma formation. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) proved to be an effective technique for the prevention and treatment of neuroma. In this case series, we propose the TMR of the SCN to the motor branch of the omohyoid muscle (OM) to prevent the formation of neuroma and avoid chronic pain at the supraclavicular area after thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) procedures. A total of 10 patients underwent the procedure. Dissection of the SCN and its branches was performed through a supraclavicular incision. The branches were transected close to the clavicle. The inferior belly of the OM was identified and its motor branch isolated. Coaptation of the SCN branches with the motor branch of the OM was performed under the microscope and the wound was closed in layers. All the patients denied pain or hypersensitivity at the supraclavicular area on follow-up. In summary, the motor branch of the OM is a viable recipient for the TMR of the SCN and can prevent and treat painful neuromas at the supraclavicular area with minimal morbidity.
Reconstruction of Chopart’s Amputation Stump with the Osteomusculocutaneous Latissimus Dorsi-Rib Flap
Authors: Trung Vo Thai , Nha Truong Minh , Bay Hoang Van 
Published: July 2022

Summary:
We present an original technique for reconstruction of the right forefoot after Chopart’s amputation. The case report was of a 20-year-old man who was a nonsmoker without comorbidities. He was referred to our department because of equinus deformity, pain, and prominence of the cuboid under the skin, leading to chronic ulceration at the stump. We performed flow through free latissimus dorsi flap including the eighth and tenth ribs to reconstruct the stump. Results were assessed at 18 months after operation, showing good stability and normal functional outcome of the foot. The patient is satisfied with the results achieved.
Prevalence of Comorbid Psychiatric Conditions and Chronic Pain in Patients Seeking Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Authors: Chang Brian L. , Mondshine Josh , Hill Alison , Fleury Christopher M. , Kleiber Grant M. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
In peripheral nerve surgery, the presence of psychiatric diagnoses and medications may affect outcomes and perioperative neuropathic pain management. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses and chronic pain in patients referred to a peripheral nerve surgery clinic.

Methods:
This is a retrospective review of patients seen at a peripheral nerve clinic from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2021. Medical records were reviewed for demographics; peripheral nerve diagnosis; psychiatric diagnoses; psychotropic prescriptions; use of nonneuroleptic/nonnarcotic, neuroleptic, and narcotic medications; and peripheral nerve surgical candidacy and outcome.

Results:
Six hundred twenty-two patients were included in this study. The most common reasons for referral were 24.8% lower extremity neuroma, 23.2% lower extremity compressive neuropathy, and 14.0% upper extremity compressive neuropathy. Of the included patients‚ 37.1% had a psychiatric diagnosis, and 36.3% were taking a psychotropic medication. The percentage of patients taking chronic nonneuroleptic/nonnarcotic pain medications was 34.3%‚ with 42.8% taking neuroleptic, and 24.9% narcotic medications. Patients with a psychiatric diagnosis were more likely to be taking neuroleptic (48.9% versus 38.9%, P < 0.001) and narcotic pain medications (27.3% versus 17.4%, P = 0.004) and less likely to have a positive surgical outcome (65.7% versus 83.0%, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Patients referred to a peripheral nerve surgery clinic frequently have psychiatric diagnoses and take chronic psychotropic and chronic pain medications. Knowledge of this will best help the peripheral nerve surgeon evaluate a patient for surgery, optimize perioperative care, and safely and effectively manage expectations.
MACULAR BUCKLING COMBINED WITH VITRECTOMY AND INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP TECHNIQUE FOR MACULAR HOLES WITH MACULAR RETINOSCHISIS WITHOUT RETINAL DETACHMENT IN HIGH MYOPIA
Authors: Luo Nan , Chen Shida , Zhao Xiujuan , Huang Yanqiao , Wang Yanbing , Li Jun , Zheng Yarong , Guo Ziyi , Zhao Liyi , Alimu Subinuer , Liu Bingqian , Lu Lin 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
To investigate the outcomes of macular buckling combined with vitrectomy and inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique for highly myopic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) with macular retinoschisis.

Methods:
Twenty-six eyes of 26 consecutive patients were retrospectively included. Twelve eyes underwent macular buckling alone (buckling group). Fourteen eyes underwent macular buckling and vitrectomy with an inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique (combination group). Patients were followed for at least 9 months. Rates of FTMH closure and macular retinoschisis resolution, best-corrected visual acuity gained at the final visit were evaluated.

Results:
The mean follow-up time was 13.00 ± 3.16 months. FTMH closed in six eyes (50%) of the buckling group and 13 eyes (92.86%) of the combination group (P = 0.026) at the final visit. The macular retinoschisis resolution rate was close between two groups (100% vs. 92.86%; P = 1.000). Both groups achieved significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (10.42 ± 17.25 and 16.36 ± 10.39 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters; P = 0.014 and P < 0.001). The combination group achieved slightly more best-corrected visual acuity improvement, but the difference fell short of significance (P =0.312).

Conclusion:
Combination of macular buckling and vitrectomy with the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique could achieve a high FTMH closure rate and significant best-corrected visual acuity improvement in FTMH with macular retinoschisis.
Private equity in ophthalmology: differences between present versus past
Authors: Ruby Alan J. , Williams George A. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to examine the differences between the current private equity model in ophthalmology practices and the failed physician practice management companies (PPMC) of the 1990s.

Recent findings
Over the past 5 years, there has been an accelerating expansion of private equity into ophthalmology. In 2022, there are approximately 1400 ophthalmologists affiliated with one of over 30 private equity-controlled entities and further growth appears likely. This contrasts with the PPMC era that had only a few hundred ophthalmologists across a handful of companies and collapsed within 5 years. The reasons for the failure of PPMC model included inadequate capitalization, limited experience managing ophthalmology practices, failure to grow acquired ophthalmology practices, and misperceptions about the future of healthcare. Current private equity entities are characterized by substantial capital, longer term business plans predicated on individual practice growth, increasing market share, physician controlled clinical care, and integration of physicians into administration and governance.

Summary
The current private equity model in ophthalmology continues to expand and presents a reasonable model for ophthalmologists considering a change in practice structure. Although distinctly different from the PPMC model, longer follow-up is required to determine the ultimate impact of private equity upon ophthalmology.
Predicting of excess body fat in children
Authors: Córdoba-Rodríguez Diana Paola , Rodriguez Gerardo , Moreno Luis A. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Approximately 370 million children and adolescents worldwide showed overweight or obesity in 2016. The risk of developing severe comorbidities depends on the age of onset and the duration of obesity. This review discusses available methodologies to detect excess body fat in children as well as the early life factors that predict excess body fat and its development.

Recent findings
Factors, such as parental nutritional status, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, maternal malnutrition, maternal smoking during pregnancy, low and high birth weight, rapid weight gain, and short infant sleep duration have been independently and positively associated with neonatal, infant, and children adiposity. Early detection of excess body fat in children through the use of various tools is the first step in preventing nutrition-related diseases in adulthood.

Summary
The early detection of excess body fat and the implementation of efficient interventions to normalize the weight of children and adolescents at obesity risk are essential to prevent diseases in adult life.
Low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome: a review of recent clinical trials and meta-analyses
Authors: Whelan Kevin , Staudacher Heidi 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
The low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyol (FODMAP) diet is widely used in the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this review is to summarize recent evidence regarding the use of the low FODMAP diet in IBS and other gastrointestinal disorders from recent clinical trials and meta-analyses.

Recent findings
Several recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses support the use of low FODMAP restriction for global symptoms in IBS in the short term. Uncontrolled follow-up studies show that at least 50% of individuals experience symptom relief following restriction, reintroduction and personalization in the long term. Although evidence from comparative trials in IBS suggests potential benefit of less burdensome approaches (e.g. standard IBS diet and low lactose diet) many studies are insufficiently powered. One established mechanism is colonic gas production that may induce pain signalling measurable in the brain, however altered gastrointestinal epithelial integrity and shifts in microbiome composition and function may also be involved.

Summary
Quality trials of the low FODMAP diet are emerging and have been transformational in supporting the widespread application to IBS management in some areas (e.g. short-term effectiveness), whereas other areas still require considerable improvements in research evidence (e.g. long-term effectiveness, mechanisms and educational delivery).
Assessment of human milk in the era of precision health
Authors: Dastmalchi Farhad , Xu Ke , Jones Helen N. , Lemas Dominick J. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Precision health provides an unprecedented opportunity to improve the assessment of infant nutrition and health outcomes. Breastfeeding is positively associated with infant health outcomes, yet only 58.3% of children born in 2017 were still breastfeeding at 6 months. There is an urgent need to examine the application of precision health tools that support the development of public health interventions focused on improving breastfeeding outcomes.

Recent findings
In this review, we discussed the novel and highly sensitive techniques that can provide a vast amount of omics data and clinical information just by evaluating small volumes of milk samples, such as RNA sequencing, cytometry by time-of-flight, and human milk analyzer for clinical implementation. These advanced techniques can run multiple samples in a short period of time making them ideal for the routine clinical evaluation of milk samples.

Summary
Precision health tools are increasingly used in clinical research studies focused on infant nutrition. The integration of routinely collected multiomics human milk data within the electronic health records has the potential to identify molecular biomarkers associated with infant health outcomes.
Coronavirus disease pandemic and adolescent substance use
Authors: Calihan Jessica B. , Levy Sharon 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Substance use is common in adolescence and has distinct developmental, cognitive, and health consequences. Over the last 2 years, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has isolated adolescents, disrupted typical developmental milestones, and caused pervasive stress and anxiety. Healthcare providers can help by recognizing and addressing these effects on adolescent mental health and substance use. This update reviews the immediate effects of the pandemic on adolescent substance use, potential future implications, and opportunities to use new strategies to improve care for adolescents with problematic use.

Recent findings
Initial findings suggest that fewer teens started using substances during the pandemic. This was likely influenced by stay at home orders that reduced opportunities for social use. However, increased time at home was not beneficial for all adolescents. Furthermore, adolescents who used substances prepandemic, experienced material hardship, or reported higher pandemic-related stress tended to intensify substance use during this time.

Summary
The adverse effects of pandemic isolation, anxiety, and developmental disruption will likely have consequences for adolescent substance use for many years to come. To comprehensively address adolescent health, healthcare providers can be sensitive to these realities and use existing screening and brief intervention strategies to address use. Innovative telehealth strategies that allow for the expansion of substance use treatment offer promising opportunities to improve care for adolescents with substance use disorder.
Stevens–Johnson syndrome in children
Authors: Ramien Michele L. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
The concept of Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) in children is evolving. This manuscript reviews recent advances with the lens of new terminology namely infection-triggered reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption and drug-induced epidermal necrolysis, with the objective of integrating this novel terminology practically.

Recent findings
Traditionally considered to exist on a spectrum with toxic epidermal necrolysis, SJS in children is more often caused or triggered by infections instead of medications. Proposed pediatric-specific terminology can be applied to literature to gain further insights into blistering severe cutaneous adverse reactions.

Summary
Distinguishing infection-triggered from drug-triggered blistering reactions is useful for 3 main reasons: (1) early clinically recognizable different features such as isolated or predominant mucositis, (2) different initial management depending on trigger, (3) avoiding the label of a drug reaction on cases triggered by infection.
Association Between Intraoperative Dexamethasone and Postoperative Mortality in Patients Undergoing Oncologic Surgery
Authors: Blank Michael , Katsiampoura Anastasia , Wachtendorf Luca J. , Linhardt Felix C. , Tartler Tim M. , Raub Dana , Azimaraghi Omid , Chen Guanqing , Houle Tim T. , Ferrone Cristina , Eikermann Matthias , Schaefer Maximilian S. 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
We examined the effects of dexamethasone on postoperative mortality, recurrence-free survival, and side effects in patients undergoing oncologic operations.

Background:
Dexamethasone prevents nausea and vomiting after anesthesia and may affect cancer proliferation.

Methods:
A total of 30,561 adult patients undergoing solid cancer resection between 2005 and 2020 were included. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to investigate the effect of dexamethasone on 1-year mortality and recurrence-free survival. Effect modification by the cancer’s potential for immunogenicity, defined as a recommendation for checkpoint inhibitor therapy based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, was investigated through interaction term analysis. Key safety endpoints were dexamethasone-associated risk of hyperglycemia >180 mg/dL within 24 hours and surgical site infections within 30 days after surgery.

Results:
Dexamethasone was administered to 38.2% (11,666/30,561) of patients (6.5±2.3 mg). Overall, 3.2% (n=980/30,561) died and 15.4% (n=4718/30,561) experienced cancer recurrence within 1 year of the operation. Dexamethasone was associated with a −0.6% (95% confidence interval: −1.1, −0.2, P=0.007) 1-year mortality risk reduction [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj): 0.79 (0.67, 0.94), P=0.009; hazard ratio=0.82 (0.69, 0.96), P=0.016] and higher odds of recurrence-free survival [ORadj: 1.28 (1.18, 1.39), P<0.001]. This effect was only present in patients with solid cancers who were defined as not to respond to checkpoint inhibitor therapy [ORadj: 0.70 (0.57, 0.87), P=0.001 vs ORadj: 1.13 (0.85, 1.50), P=0.40]. A high (>0.09 mg/kg) dose of dexamethasone increased the risk of postoperative hyperglycemia [ORadj: 1.55 (1.32, 1.82), P<0.001], but not for surgical site infections [ORadj: 0.84 (0.42, 1.71), P=0.63].

Conclusions:
Dexamethasone is associated with decreased 1-year mortality and cancer recurrence in patients undergoing surgical resection of cancers that are not candidates for immune modulators. Dexamethasone increased the risk of postoperative hyperglycemia, however, no increase in surgical site infections was identified.