bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hume’s Historical View of Miracles
Authors: Stewart M. A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Locates Hume’s treatment of miracles in the context of a line of Protestant argument intended to discredit the philosophical basis of beliefs distinctive of Roman Catholicism. Documents the debts of Hume’s argument to Henry More, to latitudinarian divines such as John Wilkins and Edward Stillingfleet, and especially to Locke. Establishes is that the question of the reliability of testimony, and the role played by judgments of probability in answering that question, had been the object of sustained attention long before Hume came up with the argument of ‘Of Miracles’. Brings Hume’s argumentation in ‘Of Miracles’ into sharp focus, and considers one apparent flaw in that argumentation. Connects the ‘Of Miracles’ with treatments of testimony elsewhere in Hume’s works, and with Hume’s unpublished essay on Ossian in particular. Concludes with an attempt to explain why Hume thinks that, unlike a report of an eight-day darkness, a report of a resurrection from the grave could never be believed by a reasonable person.
The Early British Reception of Hume’s Writings on Religion
Authors: Stewart M. A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Shows that Hume’s discussion of miracles in the first Enquiry was the main concern of Hume’s critics until the end of the nineteenth century. Having examined early criticisms on the part of Thomas Rutherforth, William Adams, and the future bishops Anthony Ellys and John Douglas, moves on to the Scottish common sense attack on Hume’s religious writings, giving particular attention to George Campbell’s Dissertation on Miracles (1762) and to what can be extracted, so far as religion is concerned, from the texts of Thomas Reid. Also considers the English response to Hume’s writings on religion by John Hey, Norrisian Professor of Divinity at Cambridge, in the early 1780s, and by William Paley’s View of the Evidences of Christianity (1794) and Natural Theology (1802). Concludes by noting how attitudes to Hume on religion had changed by the middle of the nineteenth century, as shown by the examples of, on the one hand, James Martineau, and, on the other, Thomas Henry Huxley.
Institutionalizing national leadership development interventions for English public services
Authors: Wallace Mike , Reed Michael , O’Reilly Dermot , Tomlinson Michael , Morris Jonathan , Deem Rosemary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe direct contemporary legacy of the extreme case is examined through a desk research-based review of the political and economic context, and of investment in a suite of national leadership development interventions. Successor governments have continued pursuing public service neoliberalization through regulated marketization reforms and have retained the suite of interventions in variably modified form, including those for school education and healthcare. The representative bodies that mounted the intervention for higher education have reconfigured it, and government core funding has ceased. National leadership development interventions have become institutionalized as an enduring contribution to the professionalization of senior staff in public service organizations as leaders, while the accountability regime continues to delimit their scope for corporate agency. A review of illustrative recent research on service provision and coordination in school education, healthcare, and higher education indicates that the generative mechanisms identified in the research whose findings were reported in Part II still broadly apply.
Hiding opinions from machine learning
Authors: Waniek Marcin , Magdy Walid , Rahwan Talal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in machine learning and big data analysis are allowing our online activities to be scrutinized at an unprecedented scale, and our private information to be inferred without our consent or knowledge. Here, we focus on algorithms designed to infer the opinions of Twitter users toward a growing number of topics, and consider the possibility of modifying the profiles of these users in the hope of hiding their opinions from such algorithms. We ran a survey to understand the extent of this privacy threat, and found evidence suggesting that a significant proportion of Twitter users wish to avoid revealing at least some of their opinions about social, political, and religious issues. Moreover, our participants were unable to reliably identify the Twitter activities that reveal one’s opinion to such algorithms. Given these findings, we consider the possibility of fighting AI with AI, i.e., instead of relying on human intuition, people may have a better chance at hiding their opinion if they modify their Twitter profiles following advice from an automated assistant. We propose a heuristic that identifies which Twitter accounts the users should follow or mention in their tweets, and show that such a heuristic can effectively hide the user’s opinions. Altogether, our study highlights the risk associated with developing machine learning algorithms that analyze people’s profiles, and demonstrates the potential to develop countermeasures that preserve the basic right of choosing which of our opinions to share with the world.
The effect of competition between health opinions on epidemic dynamics
Authors: Teslya Alexandra , Nunner Hendrik , Buskens Vincent , Kretzschmar Mirjam E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Past major epidemic events showed that when an infectious disease is perceived to cause severe health outcomes, individuals modify health behavior affecting epidemic dynamics. To investigate the effect of this feedback relationship on epidemic dynamics, we developed a compartmental model that couples a disease spread framework with competition of two mutually exclusive health opinions (health-positive and health-neutral) associated with different health behaviors. The model is based on the assumption that individuals switch health opinions as a result of exposure to opinions of others through interpersonal communications. To model opinion switch rates, we considered a family of functions and identified the ones that allow health opinions to coexist. Finally, the model includes assortative mixing by opinions. In the disease-free population, either the opinions cannot coexist and one of them is always dominating (mono-opinion equilibrium) or there is at least one stable coexistence of opinions equilibrium. In the latter case, there is multistability between the coexistence equilibrium and the two mono-opinion equilibria. When two opinions coexist, it depends on their distribution whether the infection can invade. If presence of the infection leads to increased switching to a health-positive opinion, the epidemic burden becomes smaller than indicated by the basic reproduction number. Additionally, a feedback between epidemic dynamics and health opinion dynamics may result in (sustained) oscillatory dynamics and a switch to a different stable opinion distribution. Our model captures feedback between spread of awareness through social interactions and infection dynamics and can serve as a basis for more elaborate individual-based models.
The chemical reprogramming of unipotent adult germ cells towards authentic pluripotency and de novo establishment of imprinting
Authors: Yuhan Chen , Lu Jiansen , Xu Yanwen , Huang Yaping , Wang Dazhuang , Liang Peiling , Ren Shaofang , Hu Xuesong , Qin Yewen , Ke Wei , Jauch Ralf , Hutchins Andrew Paul , Wang Mei , Tang Fuchou , Zhao Xiao-Yang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Although somatic cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) with pure chemicals, authentic pluripotency of chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs) has never been achieved through tetraploid complementation assay. Spontaneous reprogramming of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) was another non-transgenic way to obtain PSCs, but this process lacks mechanistic explanation. Here, we reconstructed the trajectory of mouse SSC reprogramming and developed a five-chemical combination, boosting the reprogramming efficiency by nearly 80–100-folds. More importantly, chemical induced germline-derived PSCs (5C-gPSCs), but not gPSCs and chemical induced pluripotent stem cells, had authentic pluripotency, as determined by tetraploid complementation. Mechanistically, SSCs traversed through an inverted pathway of in vivo germ cell development, exhibiting the expression signatures and DNA methylation dynamics from spermatogonia to primordial germ cells and further to epiblasts. Besides, SSC-specific imprinting control regions switched from biallelic methylated states to monoallelic methylated states by imprinting demethylation and then re-methylation on one of the two alleles in 5C-gPSCs, which was apparently distinct with the imprinting reprogramming in vivo as DNA methylation simultaneously occurred on both alleles. Our work sheds light on the unique regulatory network underpinning SSC reprogramming, providing insights to understand generic mechanisms for cell-fate decision and epigenetic-related disorders in regenerative medicine.
Radiographic Technique for Routine Clinical Measurement of Postoperative Total Knee Extension
Authors: Hungerford Marc , Neubauer Philip , Ochs Jordan , Jackson Matthew , Boner Ashlie 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
We propose a novel clinical technique to easily obtain a radiographic measurement for terminal passive knee extension based upon a weight-bearing lateral radiograph.

Materials and Methods:
Lateral radiographs were obtained with the patient in the standing position. The leg was positioned with slight hip flexion and full passive extension of the knee by instructing the patient to bear partial weight through their heel, with simultaneous use of a wooden wedge to dorsiflex the foot to neutral and to aid in balance. A Terminal extension was measured radiographically with digital imaging software. Fifty postoperative knee radiographs were used in assessing inter-observer and intra-observer reliability.

Results:
Inter-observer reliability yielded an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.973. The correlation coefficient for intra-observer reliability was 0.980.

Conclusion:
With the use of weight-bearing extension radiographs and our measurement technique, we present a method that can easily be applied across any setting in total knee arthroplasty to obtain accurate, objective data on patient knee extension.
Histopathologic Evolution of Melanocytes Associated With Rapid Clinical Progression of Melanoma: Clinicopathologic Presentation of Hyperprogressive Disease in a Patient Treated With Immunotherapy
Authors: Almanza Jocelyn , Dobry Allison , Ejadi Samuel , Jakowatz James , Lee Bonnie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
This report describes the case of a 71-year-old woman with nodular melanoma who experienced rapid clinical deterioration 3 weeks after receiving immunotherapy treatment. Given this presentation, there was high suspicion for tumor hyperprogression, which has been observed as a paradoxical response to the use of immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma. Histopathologic and genomic changes of primary tumor are documented at several different timepoints relative to immunotherapy treatment that may depict important alterations associated with hyperprogressive disease. To our knowledge, this case is the first to document the evolution of histopathologic features of melanoma associated with hyperprogressive disease.
PROGRESSIVE PERIPAPILLARY CHOROID THINNING AND RETINAL NEURODEGENERATION IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES
Authors: Zhang Shiran , Zhu Zhuoting , Bulloch Gabriella , Guo Xiao , Shang Xianwen , Chen Yifan , Liao Huan , Li Yuting , Huang Wenyong , Wang Wei 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To investigate longitudinal changes in peripapillary choroidal thickness (pCT) and retinal nerve fiber thickness (pRNFLT) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational cohort study. Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy (DR) at baseline were recruited, followed up for three years, and further divided into an incident DR group and a non-DR group according to the outcome. The pCT and pRNFLT were measured through swept-source optical coherence tomography at 1-year interval, and the mean rates of pCT and pRNFLT thinning were compared between the DR groups.

Results:
A total of 682 patients (682 eyes) were included in the final analysis. After 3-years follow-up, 122 (17.89%) developed DR. Both pCT and pRNFLT progressively thinned (−2.37 [−2.80 to −1.95] µm/year; −0.40 [−0.55 to −0.25] µm/year, respectively, P < 0.05) and accelerated thinning was observed in the incident DR group. The rates of pCT thinning (−3.92 [−4.96 to −2.88] µm/year, −2.03 [−2.49 to −1.57] µm/year, respectively) and pRNFLT loss (−1.03 [−1.31 to −0.76] µm/year, −0.26 [−0.43 to −0.09] µm/year, respectively) in the incident DR group were 1.93 and 3.96 times faster than those in the non-DR group, respectively. In addition, pCT and pRNFLT thinning were negatively related in Type 2 diabetes mellitus population, and faster pCT thinning indicated slower pRNFLT loss.

Conclusion:
Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were at a higher risk of developing DR when accelerated pCT and pRNFLT thinning were present, indicating that heavier choroidal damage and retinal neurodegeneration precede clinical DR. The pCT and pRNFLT have the potential to serve as novel sensitive biomarkers of preclinical and early DR.
Maggot Infestation of Chronic Right Leg Wound Leading to Asymptomatic Bacteremia With Ignatzschineria larvae—A Case Report and Review
Authors: Kling Kendall , Zembower Teresa , Zheng Xiaotian , Qi Chao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Ignatzschineria is a genus of Gram-negative bacilli that have been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of fly larvae of the myiasis-causing species Wohlfahrtia magnifica and Sarcophaga genus that rarely have been associated with invasive infection in humans, typically in setting of maggot-infested wounds. We report a case of an 83-year-old man with a maggot-infested right leg wound who was incidentally found to have bacteremia with Ignatzschineria species with closest match to I. larvae. The isolate was found to be susceptible to all antibiotics tested, consistent with prior case reports. The patient lacked objective findings of systemic infection, suggesting possible low virulence with this organism, but clinicians should be aware that maggot-infested patients may be harboring this bacterium in their bloodstream.
Spinal Infection Secondary to Mycobacterium branderi
Authors: Drakopoulos Michael , Ogbuefi Nonye , Galvin Shannon , Kling Kendall 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Mycobacterium branderi is a rare, slow-growing, nontuberculous mycobacterium initially identified as a species in 1995. Mycobacterium branderi has previously been reported as the sole pathogen isolated from pulmonary cavitary lesions and from a hand infection. We present a case of M. branderi as the sole pathogen isolated from a spinal epidural abscess associated with discitis, osteomyelitis, and psoas muscle abscesses in an immunocompromised host. The isolate was subjected to DNA hybridization testing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, with results consistent with M. branderi and Mycobacterium celatum. Subsequent RNA polymerase β subunit gene sequencing identified the organism as M. branderi. The spinal infection is being treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ethambutol, azithromycin, and rifabutin. Repeat spinal cultures after initiation of treatment were negative for growth suggesting eradication of the organism.
Knowledge mapping of copper-induced cell death: A bibliometric study from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Ren Xue , Pan Ciming , Pan Zimeng , Zhao Shanshan , Wu Chen , Chen Wan , Liu Mengchen , Han Xingyue , Kuang Hongying , Qu Miao 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The recent article Copper induces cell death by targeting lipoylated TCA cycle proteins has attracted much attention. Although copper-induced cell death has only recently been formally proposed, it has been studied much earlier. This study aims to undertake a bibliometric analysis of the literature on copper-induced cell death to understand the development of copper-induced cell death better and identify potential new research directions.

Methods:
With the help of Cite Space software, visual analysis is carried out on the annual number of published papers, countries/regions and institutions, journals co-citation, literature co-citation and reference burst, keywords co-occurrence, clustering, and burst.

Results:
A search of 770 articles published in English over the last ten years showed a fluctuating trend of increasing numbers of articles. China had the highest number of articles (190% or 24.68%), followed by the USA and India. Inflammation, biological evaluation, nanoparticle, and cu(ii) have been popular research themes in the last 4 years. The keyword clusters are summarized in 8 categories, including exposure, complexe, er stress, cleavage, paraptosis, cancer, glutamate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression. The hot topics are mainly focused on the exploration of mechanisms and related diseases, including induced apoptosis, aggregation, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, induced oxidative stress, and inflammation. Parkinson’s disease and cancer are 2 diseases that are closely related to copper-induced cell death.

Conclusion:
This study provides a visual analysis of copper-induced cell death trends and provides some hidden potentially useful information for future research directions.
Calcium sulfate in the management of osteomyelitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies
Authors: Sheridan Gerard A. , Falk David P. , Fragomen Austin T. , Rozbruch S. Robert 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Calcium sulfate (CS) is used extensively as an antibiotic carrier in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, largely due to its biodegradable nature. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to analyze the comprehensive performance of CS in the literature when compared to other biomaterials or treatments for osteomyelitis. We assess the ability of CS to eradicate infection and achieve other key clinical outcomes.

Methods:
All studies comparing the use of CS to any other surgical technique for the surgical management of osteomyelitis were eligible for analysis. The indication for surgery in each case was chronic osteomyelitis. The minimum dataset required included details regarding infection eradication rates, union rates (in cases of nonunion), all-cause revision surgery and wound leakage. The primary outcome variables of concern were infection eradication and all-cause revision surgery. Secondary outcome variables included union and wound leakage. A random effects meta-analysis was performed.

Results:
Five studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. The CS group had a significantly higher rate of infection eradication (P = .013) and a significantly lower rate of revision for all causes (P < .001) when compared to the comparative group. In total, the CS group had 30 cases of wound leakage compared to 8 in the comparative group (P = .064).

Conclusion:
CS demonstrates superior rates of infection eradication and all-cause revision when compared with alternative treatment methods for chronic osteomyelitis. While the current study reports on differing but nonsignificant rates of wound leakage between CS and other treatments, future studies are required to accurately investigate this clinically important complication.
Weifuchun alters tongue flora and decreases serum trefoil factor I levels in gastric intestinal metaplasia: A CONSORT-compliant article
Authors: Hua Zhaolai , Shen Rui , Lu Bin , Li Meifeng , Zhou Ping , Wu Juan , Dong Wei , Zhou Qihai , Zhang Junfeng 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To explore the molecular mechanisms of Weifuchun in the treatment of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM), we designed a preclinical pilot study to examine potential markers of disease progression based on alterations in the tongue flora.

Methods:
Total 27 patients with GIM were treated with Weifuchun for 4 weeks and 26 volunteers as controls. Tongue coating bacteria were profiled using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Serum pepsinogen I and II levels were detected using the latex immunoturbidimetric assay. The levels of serum trefoil factor I was detected by ELISA. Microplate-based quantification was used to detect serum total bile acid (TBA).

Results:
After treatment, the relative abundance of 4 dominant tongue coating genera (Granulicatella, Gemella, Lachnoanaerobaculum, and Neisseria) increased significantly wheras Alloprevotella, [Eubacterium] nodatum group, Prevotell, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 decreased (P < .05). The results showed that Alloprevotella and 3 rare tongue coating genera (Lautropia, Treponema 2, and Aliihoeflea) might be potential markers or target flora for the treatment of GIM. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) function prediction analysis showed that Weifuchun may regulate bile secretion and folate biosynthesis in patients with GIM. The level of serum trefoil factor I decreased significantly in response to Weifuchun treatment, which was consistent with the decrease in folate biosynthesis predicted by KEGG.

Conclusion:
Weifuchun may restore the balance of tongue flora by decreasing the levels of serum trefoil factor I, thereby providing a new way to measuring the underlying effectiveness and potential mechanisms of action of this traditional Chinese medicinal compound in the treatment of GIM.
Hub gene target of glioblastoma: LOX, SERPINH1 and TGFBI
Authors: Zhang Shuyuan , Zhang Weiwei , Wu Bin , Xia Liang , Li Liwen , Jin Kai , Zou Yangfan , Sun Caixing 
Published: November 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant tumor. The long-term prognosis of the patients is poor. Therefore, it is of important clinical value to further explore the pathogenesis and look for molecular markers for early diagnosis and targeted treatment. Two expression profiling datasets [GSE50161 (GPL570 platform), GSE116520 (GPL10558 platform)] were respectively downloaded from the gene expression omnibus database. Volcano diagrams show the Differently expressed genes (DEGs) of GSE50161 and GSE116520. A Venn diagram revealed 467 common DEGs between the 2 datasets. Lysyl oxidase (LOX), serpin family H member 1 (SERPINH1) and transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI) were negatively correlated with the overall survival rate in patients with GBM. The hub genes are high in GBM tumor tissues. The relative expression levels of LOX, SERPINH1 and TGFBI were significantly higher in GBM samples, compared with the normal brain tissues groups. Bioinformatics technology could be a useful tool to predict progression of GBM and to explore the mechanism of GBM.LOX, SERPINH1 and TGFBI may be involved in the mechanism of the occurrence and development of GBM, and may be used as molecular targets for early diagnosis and specific treatment.
DEGs identified using GEO2R. Functional annotation of DEGs using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene body pathway enrichment analysis. Construction of a protein-protein interaction network. The pathway and process enrichment analysis of the hub genes were performed by Metascape. Survival analysis was performed in gene expression profiling interactive analysis. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to verify. The animal model was established for western blot test analysis.