bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analyses of the Granite Fragmentation in Rotary-Percussive Drilling with the Consideration of Pre-Existing Cracks
Authors: Ji Zhaosheng 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:
Rotary-percussive drilling technique is an efficient rock-breaking method and can be applied in geothermal drilling. The rock’s fragmentation mechanism was investigated using the distinct element method with the consideration of pre-existing cracks. We developed a cutter-rock interaction model to simulate the rotary-percussive drilling. In this model, a discrete fracture network (DFN) was used to reflect the rock’s complex behavior. Bonded Block Model (BBM) was used to simulate cracks initiation that can merge and propagate to fracture the rock. As a dynamic problem, the rock’s damping effect was introduced into our model by fitting it to the laboratory tests. Results represented the rock’s fragmentation process under the cutter indentation and the coupling of impact load and lateral movement well. The pre-existing cracks can significantly enhance the drilling speed, which demonstrates the significance of considering the rock’s non-continuous nature. Raising dynamic impact load is good for improving the penetration results in our study. For the back rake angle, 50° is the best choice in the evaluated range. But the cutter with the back rake angle of 20° obtains the highest fragmentation volume and lowest specific energy under the coupling of impact load and lateral velocity. This paper’s research is of great significance to guide the application of rotary-percussive drilling and reduce the cost of developing geothermal resources.

1. INTRODUCTION
The geothermal resource is increasingly valued as a clean, secure, alternative energy (Liu et al., 2011; Tester et al., 2007; York, 2012; Zhang et al., 2018). Its development requires drilling a lot of wells deep into the target formations, which accounts for 30% to 50% of the cost of the hydrothermal geothermal electricity project and more than half of the total cost of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) (Glowka, 1997; Yost et al., 2015). It is necessary to develop an efficient drilling method to reduce the time and cost (Miyazaki et al., 2019). Rotary-percussive drilling (RPD) is an efficient method of making holes in hard rocks and is well-suited for geothermal drilling (Finger and Blankenship, 2010; Lundberg and Okrouhlik, 2006). It can provide economic benefits for reducing drilling time and drilling cost by combing rotary drilling and percussive drilling (Patil and Teodoriu, 2013; Peng et al., 2018; Zhong, 2016). In this drilling method, the impactor and upper string’s impact load is imposed on the conventional rotary bit to penetrate and crush the rock (Chiang and Elias, 2008). A sound understanding of bit-rock interaction and rock fragmentation mechanisms under the impact load and rotary movement is essential to design down-hole tools, such as drill bit and impactor, and optimize the drilling parameters.
An Open-Access Well Integrity Tool to Study Legacy Wells Re-Purposed for CO2 Injection
Authors: Joulin C. , Lagarde F. , Le Goff T.-H. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:
This work presents a well integrity tool based on an analytical model describing the thermo-poroelastic behaviour of wells in the so-called drained conditions and plane-strain conditions. The analytical model takes into account the pore pressure, uniform temperatures changes across the well and the cement’s initial state of stress. The well integrity tool estimates the potential for debonding, tensile and shear fracturing of the rock and the cement sheath using computed stress profiles and the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The tool is suited to study vertical well sections consisting of a single casing and cement sheath inside a porous or non-porous rock formation. The tool is built within a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to make it as accessible, portable and flexible as possible. Furthermore, this work also presents an integrity analysis of a characteristic gas production well re-purposed for CO2 injection. This investigation covers the construction of the well, reservoir depletion, CO2 injection and long-term storage conditions. This demonstrates the type of data necessary for the tool to function, the different results and outputs that may be expected and the type of conclusions that may be drawn from them. This work is part of wider efforts by TotalEnergies to drive the development of safe CO2 storage technology and in particular to progress the understanding of well integrity loss mechanisms.

1 INTRODUCTION
Storing CO2 in depleted oil & gas fields (DOGF) can help meet climate targets by enabling faster and cheaper deployment of geological carbon storage projects in comparison to saline aquifer storage. Indeed, in the case of DOGF large investments have already been made and can be capitalised on. This includes data acquisitions campaigns, reservoir characterisation studies, and construction of exploration, production and monitoring wells. According to the International Energy Agency’s Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme and the Zero Emissions Platform IEAGHG and ZEP (2011), the total costs associated with CO2 storage could be cut by half when using depleted reservoirs instead of saline aquifers. Furthermore, if the existing legacy wells which are already present in depleted reservoirs can be repurposed for the injection of CO2, additional cost-reductions could be achieved and the deployment of carbon storage projects accelerated.
High-Temperature Resistant, Low-Concentration Polyacrylamide Gel System
Authors: Li Bojun , Yao Erdong 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:
After tertiary oil recovery in old oilfields, problems such as high-water output and low recovery efficiency have generally appeared, which is urgently need to be solved by water blocking and profile control measures. However, the current water blocking gel has low strength and poor-temperature resistance and cannot meet the site requirements, and the organic concentration of most polyacrylamide hydrogels is 0.6 wt% ~ 3.0 wt%, which further increases the economic cost of oil exploitation. In this work, organic zirconium is used to cross-link anionic polyacrylamide with large molecular weight and low concentration to form gel. It can not only meet the strength requirements of the water blocking gel, but also reduce the amount of polyacrylamide and save costs. The gel formation quality, the temperature resistance of the gel and the blocking effect were evaluated experimentally. The cross-linking mechanism of the gels was analysed by SEM observation of the microscopic morphology. This paper selects the best formula of organic zirconium cross-linked polyacrylamide, which can meet the requirements of the strength and temperature resistance of the water-blocking gel even at low polymer concentrations, and provides a reference for water-blocking to improve oil recovery.

1. INTERDUCTION
As crude oil reservoirs have strong non-homogeneous characteristics, and most oil fields have entered the high water content development period, polymer gel water blocking technology is gradually becoming one of the effective measures to improve the recovery of crude oil can effectively solve the common problems of high water content and low recovery efficiency after three oil recovery in old oil fields (Yang, H. et al, 2012). At present, it is widely recognized that polyacrylamide and other polymers are cross-linked to form a gel system to seal the high-permeability layer, thereby expanding the swept area of injected water, improving mobility ratio, and enhancing oil recovery (Jia, H. et al, 2011; Zhu, D. et al, 2017).
Fracture Detection of Lab-Scale Energetic Stimulation
Authors: Robey R. E. , Pope J. S. , Vorobiev O. Y. , Torres S. M. , Hargather M. J. , Kimberley J. , Mann D. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:
Stimulation of lab-scale boreholes was studied using small explosives for improving the development of fracture networks in engineered rock surrogates. The experimental series examines the confluence of initial stress states, orientation of induced discontinuities, and their interaction with source generated fracture growth. Density and stress response to the energetic was measured using high-speed schlieren imaging through the transparent polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sample. Outer surfaces were instrumented with an acoustic emissions array to detect 3D location of fracture evolution between wellbores. Prior to testing, the experiments were simulated to predict the generation of a shock-induced fracture network between single and multiple wellbores in a variety of stress states. The quantification of wave arrivals, fracture growth, and development of the fracture network in transparent PMMA material is used as further validation against computational models. Understanding the conditions under which fractures propagate in the multivariate environment with small energetics results in improved modeling capability of larger scale wellbores and sources. The present work is part of a broader effort to improve the accuracy of computational models necessary to predict formation interconnectivity established with energetics in low permeability reservoirs typical of enhanced geothermal systems.

1. INTRODUCTION
Acoustic emission (AE) sensing has become a pertinent technology to observe flaws in a variety of media. Investigators can use arrays of omni-directional probes to observe energy radiating in the form of compression waves released from fracture tips, voids or features as they are distorted under load. Patterns in radiated energy may be correlated to spatial-temporal formation of microfractures. This method has been applied to the field of geomechanics where fractures grow due to an induced stress state, or when energy is radiated from an existing feature such as a slip plane. In this study, stress was induced for the purposes of studying lab-scale stimulation of geothermal wellbores using energetic sources so that computational models could be further informed by the acoustic emissions of fractures driven by energetics.
Hydraulic Fractures in Reservoirs Bounded by Layers of Other Rocks
Authors: Roshankhah S. , McLennan J. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:
This study investigates the characteristics of hydraulic fractures (HFs) formed in low permeability reservoirs that are bounded by salt layers. Three layered systems are modeled, where the thickness of the bounding salt layers differs with respect to the thickness of the shale layer (same thickness, thinner salt, and thicker salt). The width and total height of the models are the same. The interface properties match the properties of the weaker material, which is the salt. Both the shale and salt zones are modeled as homogeneous and impermeable materials, and water injection is modeled in the center of the middle shale layer. An additional model of hydraulic fracturing in the middle of a homogeneous and isotropic shale is included. All models are subjected to the maximum (major) principal stress in the vertical direction and the minimum (minor) principal stress in the horizontal direction with fixed boundary conditions. The hybrid finite-discrete element modeling technique is used for these analyses. Results show that the contrast between the mechanical properties and thickness of layers influence the state of stress in the layers. Specifically, the orientation of the major and minor principal stresses switch in the target shale layer. This leads to creation of inclined HFs in the bounded shale as opposed to vertical HFs that would form in a thick shale layer under normal anisotropic stress conditions. The thicker are the bounding salt layers, the more horizontally inclined the HFs are in the shale. These analyses inform us that the design of hydraulic stimulations is influenced by the properties and thickness contract between the reservoir and bounding layers.

1. INTRODUCTION
Unconventional fossil energy reservoirs usually comprise relatively thin layers of shale or mudstone (consider a thickness of about 10 m) bounded by other lithologies such as sandstone, salt, or limestone. It is well known that deformational characteristics and type, intensity, and height of fractures in multi-lithological layered formations are controlled by the contrast in the mechanical properties and thickness of the layers, type of the interfaces, and the in-situ confining stress (Narr and Suppe, 1991; Gross et al., 1995; Rijken and Cooke, 2001; Lorenz, et al., 2002; Underwood et al., 2003; Laubach, et al., 2009; Ferrill, et al., 2014; McGinnis, et al., 2017).
A Novel Method for Real-Time Identification of Formation Lithology Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Yao Xuezhe , Song Xianzhi , Han Liang , Wang Zheng , Zhang Rui , Liu Wei , Fu Jiasheng , Zhu Shuo , Zhu Zhaopeng 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:
Real-time identification of formation lithology is of great significance to optimization of drilling rate and directional drilling. However, the experimental observation method and the statistical analysis method require researchers with rich experience and professional knowledge, and the identification efficiency is low and the cost is high. The goal of this study is to employ machine learning for identifying lithology from only the real-time drilling parameters without any downhole measurements. First, the real-time drilling data were cleaned, and then the correlation between each drilling parameter and formation lithology was analyzed by correlation analysis algorithm, and 13 drilling parameters were selected as model inputs. And then random forest (RF) and XGBoost algorithms are used to develop lithology identification models respectively. The results show that the XGBoost model has the best result in identifying formation lithology, with an accuracy of 79.21%. Finally, feature importance analysis shown that MWI, MWO and MFI have important effects on model performance. This study has important implications for improving the probability of drilling into reservoirs and reducing drilling costs.

1. INTRODUCTION
Lithology identification is an important basic problem in the fields of geology, oil and gas exploitation, resource exploration, geotechnical engineering, etc (Xu et al., 2021). In drilling engineering, accurate and timely determination of the formation lithology at the positive bit is one of the most important factors to ensure safe and efficient drilling (Al-AbdulJabbar et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2017; Shan et al., 2015). The classical lithology identification methods mainly include two kinds, one is the experimental observation method, through the direct observation of rock specimens or rock cast thin slices, the rocks can be classified according to their mineral composition, color, etc (Guojun et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2010). The other is the statistical analysis method, the logging cross-section chart is drawn by measuring the logging response characteristics of pure rocks, and then the rock type is roughly determined according to the actual logging values (Teama et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2016). The above two traditional lithology identification methods require researchers with rich experience and professional knowledge, and the identification efficiency is low and the cost is high. Therefore, a fast and accurate method for lithology identification is urgently needed.
A contribuição do diário de estudos para a docência em Artes Visuais
Authors: Jensen Joviana , Silva Tharciana Goulart da , Lampert Jociele 
Published: October 2022

O presente texto discute sobre a relevância do uso do diário de estudos como instrumento de pesquisa no âmbito de ensino em Artes Visuais. Por meio dos registros visuais ou escritos, busca-se no diário uma maior compreensão dos processos teóricos e práticos do sujeito em formação, neste caso, discentes do Ensino Médio da Escola de Educação Básica Leonor de Barros de Florianópolis (SC). Sendo o diário, uma forma de documentação e organização de idéias, pensamentos, planejamentos e estudos, investiga-se através da metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa, a possibilidade de uma contínua autoavaliação da experiência discente no campo da Arte e da vida, visando a criação de ações educativas em Artes Visuais, mais críticas e reflexivas.
An Affair to Remember: Winoque, 1965
Authors: McFeat Tom 
Published: October 2022

Following the exclusion of their children from the
nearby Anglo high school in June 1965, a series of events
occurred at the reserve community of Winoque which
culminated in an apparently unrelated dispute over the
proposed use of band funds to secure independence from
the town.
The community had been divided between two
factions, self-defined as crowds. The leader of the crowd I
identified as Restricters was the chief; the leader of the
other crowd I identified as Extenders would be that
chiefs opposition in the November elections.
Crowds then, were in part ideologically committed to
action at the Indian/non Indian boundary. Restricters
idealized this as a barrier or void whereas Extenders
idealized it as a path or boundary zone. Put to the test in
the issue of whether the community should send its
children back to the high school, if invited, the crowds
were forced to modify positions in the face of public
opinion.
Extending Medical Aid in Dying to Incompetent Patients: A Qualitative Descriptive Study of the Attitudes of People Living with Alzheimer’s Disease in Quebec
Authors: Thériault Vincent , Guay Diane , Bravo Gina 
Published: October 2022

Background: In Quebec, medical aid in dying (MAiD) is legal under certain conditions. Access is currently restricted to patients who are able to consent at the time of the act, which excludes most people with dementia at an advanced stage. However, recent legislative and political developments have opened the door to an extension of the legislation that could give them access to MAiD. Our study aimed to explore the attitudes of people with early-stage dementia toward MAiD should it become accessible to them. Methods: We used a qualitative descriptive design consisting of eight face-to-face semi-structured interviews with persons living with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease, followed by a thematic analysis of the contents of the interviews. Results and Interpretations: Analysis revealed three main themes: 1) favourable to MAiD; 2) avoiding advanced dementia; and 3) disposition to request MAiD. Most participants anticipated dementia to be a painful experience. The main reasons for supporting MAiD were to avoid cognitive loss, dependence on others for their basic needs, and suffering for both themselves and their loved ones. Every participant said that they would ask for MAiD at some point should it become available to incompetent patients and most wished that it would be legal to access it through a request written before losing capacity. Conclusion: The reasons for which persons with Alzheimer’s disease want MAiD are related to the particular trajectory of the disease. Any policy to extend MAiD to incompetent patients should take their perspective into account.
Apprendre du passé, façonner l’avenir : 50 ans de langues officielles au Canada
Authors: Théberge Raymond 
Published: October 2022

Depuis l’adoption de laLoi sur les langues officiellesil y a 50 ans, le Canada et le reste du monde ont beaucoup changé. En analysant les 50 dernières années et en imaginant les 50 suivantes, il importe de faire le point sur les réussites obtenues et les défis qui ont été rencontrés depuis l’adoption de la Loi.L’année 1969 a été une année charnière dans notre histoire. D’une part, la Loi est née dans une période de crise d’unité nationale entre les communautés anglophone et francophone du Canada. D’autre part, elle s’inscrit dans un mouvement plus vaste de reconnaissance des droits des Canadiens et de démocratisation de la société. C’est en reconnaissant que la Loi a contribué à la cohésion nationale, à la promotion des langues officielles et à la vitalité des communautés qui les parlent à travers le pays que nos réussites et nos défis doivent être évalués.
Towards Equal Status: English-Speaking Minority Communities in Canada and the Official Languages Act
Authors: Martin-Laforge Sylvia 
Published: October 2022

The introduction of the Report of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism lays the foundation for two official language minority communities in Canada, and the principle of equality, which “implies respect for the idea of minority status, both in the country as a whole and in each of its regions.” However, the Official Languages Act that flowed from the ‘Bi and Bi Commission, and the structures that oversee it, have not reflected an approach based on equality. The English-speaking community of Quebec—Canada’s English linguistic minority community—has not received “generous treatment” in the implementation of the Act. This paper based on my presentation at the 87th annual Acfas congress, offers some ideas about why this situation has developed and the impact this has had on the vitality of Quebec’s English-speaking community. I conclude that equality for both official language minority communities—the outcome envisioned by the Commissioners—must be achieved through the modernization of the Official Languages Act.
The Linguistic Duality Debate in English Canada in 2019, 1969, and 1929
Authors: Talbot Robert J. 
Published: October 2022

Changes to the political landscape have revived the debate over linguistic duality. That debate, however, is not altogether new. Many of the arguments being made in 2019, upon the fiftieth anniversary of theOfficial Languages Act, were not unlike those of 1969, when Canada adopted the Act, or even 1929, when government took modest measures to recognize English and French at the post office.In 1929, 1969 and 2019, some believed that pan-Canadian recognition of linguistic duality would serve national unity. Others, however, wondered whether it was compatible with the ethnocultural diversity of the country, or asserted that federal bilingualism in their province was not justified, citing populist, demographic or identity-based arguments. The debate—90 years ago, 50 years ago, or even today—has often given rise to fear and misunderstanding; however, it has also benefited from the persistence of moderates from both of Canada’s official language communities.
Un même ennemi? IXE-13, l’as des espions canadiens et l’Oeuvre des tracts : analyse croisée des pratiques fasciculaires et des stéréotypes anticommunistes (1940-1950)
Authors: Livernois Jonathan , Nadon Rachel 
Published: October 2022

Dans cet article, nous avançons l’hypothèse que, tant sur le plan du support, de la matérialité que de l’idéologie, il a pu exister une circulation et même une concurrence générale des pratiques (d’écriture, de lecture) entre les brochures informatives de l’École sociale populaire et les fascicules d’espionnage de la même époque. Entre l’Oeuvre des tracts et le roman en fascicules Les aventures étranges de l’agent IXE-13 de Pierre Saurel, diffusé largement entre 1947 et 1966, il semble exister des similitudes liées au support et à un « imaginaire sériel » dont la portion évidente est l’usage de stéréotypes. Ainsi peut-on penser, à partir du travail de Matthieu Letourneux (2017), que le communiste undercover d’IXE-13 est le « même » que celui de l’Oeuvre des tracts et des quotidiens : tous s’alimentent, se coconstruisent, s’imitent les uns les autres. Étant donné la large diffusion des brochures et des fascicules, il nous semble nécessaire de mieux comprendre les jeux de chiasme entre fiction et réel et leurs effets respectifs sur la société canadienne-française.